bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relativistic treatment of Verlinde’s emergent force in Tsallis’ statistics
Authors: Calderon L. , Martin M. T. , Plastino A. , Rocca M. C. , Vampa V. 
Published: March 2019

Following Chakrabarti, et al. [R. Chakrabarti, R. Chandrashekar and S. S. Naina Mohammed, Physica A 389, 1571 (2010)], we attempt a classical relativistic treatment of Verlinde’s emergent entropic force conjecture by appealing to a relativistic Hamiltonian in the context of Tsalli’s statistics. The ensuing partition function becomes the classical one for small velocities. We show that Tsallis’ relativistic (classical) free particle distribution at temperature T can generate Newton’s gravitational force’s [Formula: see text] distance’s dependence. If we want to repeat the concomitant argument by appealing to Renyi’s distribution, the attempt fails and one needs to modify the conjecture.
Conduction in the right and left ventricle is differentially regulated by protein kinases and phosphatases: implications for arrhythmogenesis
Authors: Zaitsev Alexey V. , Torres Natalia S. , Cawley Keiko M. , Sabry Amira D. , Warren Junco S. , Warren Mark 
Published: March 2019

The “stress” kinases cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), phosphorylate the Na+channel Nav1.5 subunit to regulate its function. However, how the channel regulation translates to ventricular conduction is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the stress kinases positively and differentially regulate conduction in the right (RV) and the left (LV) ventricles. We applied the CaMKII blocker KN93 (2.75 μM), PKA blocker H89 (10 μM), and broad-acting phosphatase blocker calyculin (30 nM) in rabbit hearts paced at a cycle length (CL) of 150-8,000 ms. We used optical mapping to determine the distribution of local conduction delays (inverse of conduction velocity). Control hearts exhibited constant and uniform conduction at all tested CLs. Calyculin (15-min perfusion) accelerated conduction, with greater effect in the RV (by 15.3%) than in the LV (by 4.1%; P < 0.05). In contrast, both KN93 and H89 slowed down conduction in a chamber-, time-, and CL-dependent manner, with the strongest effect in the RV outflow tract (RVOT). Combined KN93 and H89 synergistically promoted conduction slowing in the RV (KN93: 24.7%; H89: 29.9%; and KN93 + H89: 114.2%; P = 0.0016) but not the LV. The progressive depression of RV conduction led to conduction block and reentrant arrhythmias. Protein expression levels of both the CaMKII-δ isoform and the PKA catalytic subunit were higher in the RVOT than in the apical LV ( P < 0.05). Thus normal RV conduction requires a proper balance between kinase and phosphatase activity. Dysregulation of this balance due to pharmacological interventions or disease is potentially proarrhythmic.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show that uniform ventricular conduction requires a precise physiological balance of the activities of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), PKA, and phosphatases, which involves region-specific expression of CaMKII and PKA. Inhibiting CaMKII and/or PKA activity elicits nonuniform conduction depression, with the right ventricle becoming vulnerable to the development of conduction disturbances and ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia.
Is Estrogen the Answer for Osteosarcoma?
Authors: Roberts Ryan D. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Bone biologists have long understood how estrogen drives osteoclasts to make new bone. While evidence hinted that a loss of estrogen signals might also play a role in bone-forming cancers like osteosarcoma, this idea has remained untested. Lillo Osuna and colleagues present data demonstrating widespread epigenetic silencing of estrogen receptor in human osteosarcomas. Exposure to demethylating agents caused reexpression of estrogen receptor, which promoted therapeutic differentiation of these tumors.
See related article by Lillo Osuna et al., p. 1054
Circulating Tumor DNA Provides a Sneak Peek into Treatment Responses in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zou Tao , Meyerson Matthew 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) holds great promise as a noninvasive diagnostic tool to guide treatment for patients with lung cancer. Two studies by Phallen and colleagues and Anagnostou and colleagues correlated sensitive measures of ctDNA with clinical responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and immune checkpoint inhibitors, respectively, in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Together, these studies further highlight the potential clinical utility of serial ctDNA monitoring in patients with NSCLC undergoing treatment with both targeted therapies and immunotherapies.
See related articles by Phallen et al., p. 1204, and Anagnostou et al., p. 1214
In-Hospital Outcomes of Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Interventions in Patients With Prior Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Tajti Peter , Karmpaliotis Dimitri , Alaswad Khaldoon , Jaffer Farouc A. , Yeh Robert W. , Patel Mitul , Mahmud Ehtisham , Choi James W. , Burke M. Nicholas , Doing Anthony H. , Dattilo Phil , Toma Catalin , Smith A. J. Conrad , Uretsky Barry , Holper Elizabeth , Potluri Srinivas , Wyman R. Michael , Kandzari David E. , Garcia Santiago , Krestyaninov Oleg , Khelimskii Dmitrii , Koutouzis Michalis , Tsiafoutis Ioannis , Jaber Wissam , Samady Habib , Moses Jeffrey W. , Lembo Nicholas J. , Parikh Manish , Kirtane Ajay J. , Ali Ziad A. , Doshi Darshan , Xenogiannis Iosif , Stanberry Larissa I. , Rangan Bavana V. , Ungi Imre , Banerjee Subhash , Brilakis Emmanouil S. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
We examined the procedural outcomes of chronic total occlusions (CTO) percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with prior coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).

Methods and Results:

We compared the clinical, angiographic characteristics and outcomes of 3486 CTO interventions performed in patients with (n=1101) and without (n=2317) prior CABG at 21 centers. Prior CABG patients (32% of total cohort) were older (67±9 versus 63±10 years;
P
<0.001) and had more comorbidities and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (50% [40–58] versus 55% [45–60];
P
<0.001). The CTO target vessel in prior CABG patients was the right coronary artery (56%), circumflex (26%), and left anterior descending artery (17%). The mean J-CTO (2.9±1.2 versus 2.2±1.3;
P
<0.001) and PROGRESS-CTO (Prospective Global Registry for the Study of Chronic Total Occlusion Intervention; 1.5±1.1 versus 1.2±1.0;
P
<0.001) score was higher in prior CABG patients. Retrograde (53% versus 30%,
P
<0.001) and antegrade dissection reentry (35% versus 28%;
P
<0.001) techniques were used more frequently in prior CABG patients. Prior CABG patients had lower technical (84% versus 89%;
P
<0.001) and procedural (82% versus 87%,
P
<0.001) success, but similar incidence of in-hospital major complications (3.1% versus 2.5%;
P
=0.287). In-hospital mortality (1% versus 0.4%;
P
=0.016) and coronary perforation (7.1% versus 3.1%;
P
<0.001) occurred more frequently in prior CABG patients, however, CABG patients had a lower incidence of pericardial tamponade (0.1% versus 1.0%;
P
=0.002) and pericardiocentesis (0% versus 1.3%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
In a large multicenter CTO percutaneous coronary interventions registry, prior CABG patients had lower success rate but similar overall risk for complications, although mortality was higher and the incidence of tamponade was lower.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02061436.
Trends in Performance and Opportunities for Improvement on a Composite Measure of Acute Myocardial Infarction Care
Authors: Desai Nihar R. , Udell Jacob A. , Wang Yongfei , Spatz Erica S. , Dharmarajan Kumar , Ahmad Tariq , Julien Howard M. , Annapureddy Amarnath , Goyal Abhinav , de Lemos James A. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Minges Karl E. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Curtis Jeptha P. 
Published: March 2019

Background
Despite improvements on individual process of care measures for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), little is known about performance on a composite measure of AMI care that assesses the delivery of many components of high-quality AMI care. We sought to examine trends in patient- and hospital-level performance on a composite defect-free care measure, identify disparities in the performance across sociodemographic groups, and identify opportunities to further improve quality and outcomes.

Methods and Results

We calculated the proportion of patients in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry–Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network Registry–Get With The Guidelines (now known as the Chest Pain - Myocardial Infarction Registry) between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2017, receiving defect-free AMI care including guideline-recommended pharmacotherapy, timely provision of medical and reperfusion therapy, assessment of ventricular function, referral to cardiac rehabilitation, and smoking cessation counseling for patients with AMI. A total of 522 800 patients at 222 hospitals were included. Overall, the proportion of patients receiving defect-free care significantly increased from 66.0% in 2010 to 77.1% in 2017 (
P
<0.001). Improvements in performance were observed across all sociodemographic subgroups, with the greatest absolute improvement observed for black and Hispanic patients (
P
<0.001). However, absolute performance was consistently lower among older patients, women, black and Hispanic patients, and those with government insurance in 2017 (
P
<0.001 for all). Improvements in care and reduced variation in performance were observed at the hospital level overall (2010, median [IQR] 67.2% [40.7%–76.3%]; 2017, median [IQR] 80.7% [73.1%–88.1%];
P
<0.001) as well as across region, safety net status, teaching status, and proportion of patients who are nonwhite and have Medicaid insurance coverage (
P
<0.001 for all).

Conclusions
Despite improvements in the proportion of patients with AMI receiving defect-free care overall and across sociodemographic groups, nearly 1 in 4 patients in 2017 still did not receive optimal care and absolute performance was consistently lower among older patients, women, black, and Hispanic patients. Composite measures of cardiovascular care, which assess the delivery of several evidence-based processes of care, can illuminate opportunities to improve the quality of care beyond that provided by conventional process measures.
Thoracic Aortic Dissection in Tetralogy of Fallot: A Review of the National Inpatient Sample Database
Authors: Egbe Alexander C. , Crestanello Juan , Miranda William R. , Connolly Heidi M. 
Published: March 2019

Background

Thoracic aortic aneurysm is common in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (
TOF
); the incidence of thoracic aortic dissection (
TAD
) is unknown, but generally considered to be uncommon. The purpose of this study was to determine incidence and risk factors for
TAD
in
TOF
patients.

Methods and Results

This work is a retrospective review of the National Inpatient Sample (
NIS
) database for cases of ascending
TAD
among all hospital admissions in adults with
TOF
, 2000–2014. Of 18 353 admissions in
TOF
patients, 11 (0.06%; 6 per 10 000 admissions) of these were
TAD
‐related admissions. For the
TAD
‐related admissions, mean age was 49.8±7.2 years; aortic surgical interventions were performed during 8 of the admissions, and overall in‐hospital mortality was 45% (5 of 11). Risk factors associated with
TAD
‐related admission were age >60 years (odds ratio, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.23–3.25;
P
=0.013), male sex (
odds ratio,
6.91; 95% CI, 4.85–8.54;
P
<0.001), and hypertension (odds ratio, 1.74; 95% CI, 1.06–3.19;
P
=0.037).

Conclusions

This is the first population‐based study of
TAD
outcomes in patients with
TOF
, and it showed a low risk of
TAD
in this population. This has important clinical implication with regard to surveillance and surgical intervention. Given that prevalence of thoracic aortic aneurysm is higher in
TOF
patients compared with the general population; therefore, making clinical decisions based on outcomes data and practice guidelines derived from patients with degenerative and bicuspid aortic valve–related aortopathies may lead to
overtreatment
. Further studies are required to better understand the pathobiology of this disease in order to make evidence‐based recommendations for surveillance and treatment.
CARRY TRADE YATIRIMLARININ MAKROEKONOMİK BELİRLEYİCİLERİ: TÜRKİYE İÇİN ARDL SINIR TESTİ UYGULAMASI
Authors: GÜLER Aslı 
Published: March 2019

Düşük faizli para biriminden borçlanıp yüksek
faizli para birimi cinsinden kısa vadeli finansal yatırım yapılmasına dayanan “Carry
trade” son yılların en çok kullanılan
yatırım stratejilerinden bir tanesidir. Bilindiği gibi kısa vadeli sermaye
hareketleri sıcak para akımı meydana getirerek finansal sistemin
kırılganlığının artmasına ve dayanıklılığının azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın
amacı, spekülatif özelliği ağır basan carry trade yatırımlarının doğurabileceği
istikrarsızlıklara karşı politika oluşturulurken takip edilmesi gereken
değişkenlerin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla çalışmada kazanç ve risk unsurlarını
temsil eden değişkenler kullanılarak, ARDL sınır testi yaklaşımı ile Türkiye’de
2014 Ocak-2018 Mayıs döneminde carry trade yatırım stratejisinin ampirik belirleyicileri
test edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara
göre, ele alınan dönemde Türkiye’ye yönelik carry trade yatırımlarının ülkeler
arasındaki faiz farkına duyarlı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın döviz
kuru oynaklığı ve getiri seviyesinin ise ilgili dönemde carry trade
yatırımlarının önemli belirleyicileri arasında olduğu çalışmadan elde edilen
diğer bulgulardır. Ayrıca yabancı yatırımcı için önemli bir risk göstergesi
olan küresel volatilite seviyesinin carry trade yatırımları için önemli ölçüde
caydırıcı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuçlar TCMB’nin politika faizini
yükseltmesinin carry trade yatırımlarını daha cazip kılarak yabancı sermaye
girişine neden olmayacağına işaret etmektedir. Bu nedenle politika faizinin sık
sık değiştirildiği aktivist para politikaları yerine döviz kurlarının istikrarının
sağlanmasına yönelik politikalara odaklanılması, carry trade yatırımlarının
istikrar bozucu etkilerini önlenmesi adına uygun görünmektedir
Disturbingly (Dis)Similar
Authors: Winter Kathrin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In Apocolocyntosis 13 the figure of Narcissus is not a minor character with a solely ornamental function but part of a complex play of echoes, repetitions, and similarities. Exploiting the fact that this particular freedman of Claudius was named Narcissus, Seneca turns the figure into a mirror image of Claudius and uses it to make subtle intertextual allusions. In this way, he destabilises the identities of Claudius and Narcissus to ridicule Claudius even further and expose him as a weak and cruel princeps who is unable to recognise himself.
Early Modern Nautical Charts and Maps: Working Through Different Cartographic Paradigms
Authors: Alves Gaspar Joaquim , Leitão Henrique 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Of all the technical and scientific developments that made possible the European maritime expansion, the nautical chart is perhaps the least studied and understood. This fact is very surprising as it was with the information contained in those charts, and later imported to geographical maps and atlases, that the newly discovered lands were first shown to the European nations. There was, however, a deep incompatibility between these two cartographic paradigms—the nautical charts and the geographical maps—which remained unsolved throughout the sixteenth century and beyond, despite the attempts to harmonize the technical principles of Ptolemy’s Geography with the advances of nautical cartography. An eloquent symptom of such incompatibility was the difference between what was understood as an accurate depiction of the Earth, in the eyes of cosmographers and geographers, and what was considered by the pilots as an accurate nautical chart. The misunderstandings around these issues during the early modern period and the unsuccessful attempts at reconciliation were, in great part, the cause for some polemics among cosmographers, cartographers and pilots, such as the conflict in the Casa de Contratación around the charts of Diego Gutiérrez, a fact not entirely understood by historians. At the core of the difficulty lies the circumstance that only in the present day has the true nature of the nautical chart, as a navigational tool, started to be clarified. How the differences between geographical maps and nautical charts contributed to shape the History of Cartography in various periods, and how they are related to conflicting scholarly objectives and practices, is the subject of this essay. We will show, using the results of cartometric analysis, that not only were those artifacts constructed using different principles and with different purposes, but that they belonged to incompatible cartographic paradigms, and we will argue for the relevance of this fact for the history of science.
Accounting for Several Infrared Radiation Processes in Climate Models
Authors: Wu Kun , Li Jiangnan , Cole Jason , Huang Xianglei , von Salzen Knut , Zhang Feng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThree aspects of longwave (LW) radiation processes are investigated using numerical experiments with the Canadian Atmospheric Global Climate Model version 4.3 (CanAM4.3). These are the overlapping LW and shortwave (SW) radiation, scattering by clouds, and specification of ocean emissivity. For the overlapping of solar and infrared spectra, using a single band scheme was compared against a method directly inputting solar energy. Offline calculations show that for high clouds using the single band can cause an overestimate of the downward LW flux, whereas a method that accounts for input solar energy in the LW yields results that are more accurate. Longwave scattering by clouds traps more infrared energy in the atmosphere and reduces the outgoing radiation to space. Simulations with CanAM4.3 show that cloud LW scattering can enhance the LW cooling rate above the tropopause and reduce it inside the troposphere, resulting in warmer temperatures, especially in the tropics and low latitudes. This implies a larger temperature gradient toward the polar region, which causes a strengthening of the Hadley circulation and shifting of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). The increase in lower tropospheric temperature also affects the lower troposphere water vapor and precipitation. Sensitivity to the specification of ocean emissivity is examined by comparing a broadband scheme dependent on the surface wind and solar zenith angle against one that resolves the wavelength dependence. Experiments with CanAM4.3 show that the two oceanic emissivity schemes can produce over 1 W m−2 seasonal mean difference of the upward flux at the surface.
Recurrent Synoptic-Scale Rossby Wave Patterns and Their Effect on the Persistence of Cold and Hot Spells
Authors: Röthlisberger Matthias , Frossard Linda , Bosart Lance F. , Keyser Daniel , Martius Olivia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe persistence of surface weather during several recent high-impact weather events has been pivotal in generating their societal impact. Here we examine Hovmöller diagrams of the 250-hPa meridional wind during several periods with particularly persistent surface weather and find a common pattern in these Hovmöller diagrams. This pattern can be characterized as a “recurrent Rossby wave pattern” (RRWP), arising from multiple transient synoptic-scale wave packets. During such RRWP periods, individual troughs and ridges forming the wave packets repeatedly amplify in the same geographical region. We discuss the synoptic evolution of two RRWP periods, in February–March 1987 and July–August 1994, and illustrate how the recurrence of the transient wave packets led to unusually long-lasting cold and hot spells, which occurred simultaneously in several regions, each separated by roughly one synoptic wavelength. Furthermore, a simple index termedRis proposed to identify RRWPs, which is based on both a time and wavenumber filter applied to conventional Hovmöller diagrams. A Weibull regression analysis then shows that large values ofRare statistically significantly linked to increased durations of winter cold and summer hot spells in large areas of the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. Traditionally, persistent high-impact surface weather has often been linked to the occurrence of proximate atmospheric blocking. In contrast to blocking, RRWPs affect persistent surface temperature anomalies over multiple synoptic wavelengths. We therefore argue that, in addition to blocking, RRWPs should be considered as an important flow feature leading to persistent high-impact surface weather.
Reply to “Comments on ‘A Wave-Resolving Simulation of Langmuir Circulations with a Nonhydrostatic Free-Surface Model: Comparison with Craik–Leibovich Theory and an Alternative Eulerian View of the Driving Mechanism’”
Authors: Fujiwara Yasushi , Yoshikawa Yutaka , Matsumura Yoshimasa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFujiwara et al. explicitly simulated Langmuir circulations using a wave-resolving simulation (WRS) technique and found that the residual wave effect on vorticity was well represented by the vortex force of the Craik–Leibovich (CL) equation, at least in the simulated situation. In response to the simulation results, Mellor has proposed a view that ubiquitous applicability of the CL formulation is still questionable and that the three-dimensional radiation stress (3DRS) formulation that he has derived encompasses both of the vortex force effect and an effect that is lower order in terms of wave steepness. Here, these opinions are discussed in terms of the approximations used in the wave-averaged formulations. The asymptotic expansion of the Eulerian-averaged momentum equation allows the separate discussion of two different wave effects: pressure correction and torque. It is argued that the approximation adopted in Mellor’s 3DRS formulation is presumably not accurate enough to properly parameterize the wave torque effect, and possible approaches to examine its performance are proposed. We agree with the view that the applicability of the CL formulation needs further investigation. WRS will be a helpful tool for this purpose.