bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Wind-Induced Sediment Resuspension Zones in the Patzcuaro Lake Using Empirical Equations
Authors: Calderón-Vega Felícitas , González-Verdugo José-Alfredo 
Published: March 2019

Aims: An analysis to determine sediment resuspension zones in the Patzcuaro lake (Mexico) through empirical equations is carried out.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Patzcuaro Lake in Michoacán, Mexico. The last stage of the project was finished during January 2019.
Methodology: The site wind force is considered as the main cause inducing the resuspension. Wind data recorded at two near stations (Chupícuaro and Pacanda) were processed and the main wind directions, in terms of intensity and duration, were obtained. Additionally, wind-induced wave values and the initial depth for the resuspension phenomenon were computed. Finally, bathymetry maps are plotted to indicate the zones where sediment resuspension occurs in the lake for the minimum water depth scenario concurrent with maximum winds and a sufficiently long duration to generate resuspension.
Results: Towards the north zone a larger particles motion is observed in the lakes riviera, form 5 m depth to the shore. In the middle part of the lake a larger incidence of the resuspension phenomenon is exhibited, since it is developed for all the considered depth levels. In the south part the resuspension is almost absent; only a spot between the Tecuén and Janitzio Islands show resuspension.
Conclusion: The empirical equations are a useful alternative to evaluate the quality of shallow lakes in terms of sediment resuspension.
Higher risk of dementia in primary Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: Hou Tsung‐Yun , Hsu Hui‐Ching , Lin Tzu‐Min , Chang Yu‐Sheng , Chen Wei‐Sheng , Kuo Pei‐I , Lin Yi‐Chun , Chang Chi‐Ching , Chen Jin‐Hua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe studied the risk of dementia in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) using a nationwide, population‐based cohort in Taiwan.MethodsOur study analyzed the medical data of the Taiwanese population from 2000 to 2014. We identified 17,072 patients with pSS and 68,270 controls. Dementia risk was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model stratified by sex, age, and comorbidities.ResultsA higher incidence of dementia development in the pSS group during the observation period (P = 0.0001). In multivariate analysis adjusted by age groups, gender, and the comorbidities, the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of developing dementia was 1.246 (95% CI 1.123–1.384) times greater in the pSS group than in the non‐pSS group. When stratified by sex, age, and comorbidities, the patients with pSS less than 60 years (aHR 1.67, 95% CI 1.16–2.41), and without any comorbidity (aHR 2.27, 95% CI 1.76–2.93) were particularly associated with a higher risk of dementia. Furthermore, the patients with pSS combined with any other comorbidity had an additionally higher risk of dementia (aHR: 3.978, 95% CI 3.309–4.782), also suggesting that pSS was an independent risk factor for the development of dementia.InterpretationPrimary Sjogren's syndrome is associated with increased dementia risk and further study is needed to understand why and what the specific dementia phenotypes are.
Sandwich, Vertical‐Channeled Thick Electrodes with High Rate and Cycle Performance
Authors: Zhao Zedong , Sun Minqiang , Chen Wuji , Liu Yao , Zhang Long , Dongfang Nanchen , Ruan Yingbo , Zhang Jiajia , Wang Peng , Dong Lei , Xia Yongyao , Lu Hongbin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract3D thick electrode design is a promising strategy to increase the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries but faces challenges such as poor rate and limited cycle life. Herein, a coassembly method is employed to construct low‐tortuosity, mechanically robust 3D thick electrodes. LiFe0.7Mn0.3PO4 nanoplates (LFMP NPs) and graphene are aligned along the growth direction of ice crystals during freezing and assembled into sandwich frameworks with vertical channels, which prompts fast ion transfer within the entire electrode and reveals a 2.5‐fold increase in ion transfer performance as opposed to that of random structured electrodes. In the sandwich framework, LFMP NPs are entrapped in the graphene wall in a “plate‐on‐sheet” contact mode, which avoids the detachment of NPs during cycling and also constitutes electron transfer highways for the thick electrode. Such vertical‐channel sandwich electrodes with mass loading of 21.2 mg cm−2 exhibit a superior rate capability (0.2C–20C) and ultralong cycle life (1000 cycles). Even under an ultrahigh mass loading of 72 mg cm−2, the electrode still delivers an areal capacity up to 9.4 mAh cm−2, ≈2.4 times higher than that of conventional electrodes. This study provides a novel strategy for designing thick electrodes toward high performance batteries.
Electrochromic Effect in Titanium Carbide MXene Thin Films Produced by Dip‐Coating
Authors: Salles Pol , Pinto David , Hantanasirisakul Kanit , Maleski Kathleen , Shuck Christopher E. , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMXenes, a large family of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, have shown potential in energy storage and optoelectronic applications. Here, the optoelectronic and pseudocapacitive properties of titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) are combined to create a MXene electrochromic device, with a visible absorption peak shift from 770 to 670 nm and a 12% reversible change in transmittance with a switching rate of <1 s when cycled in an acidic electrolyte under applied potentials of less than 1 V. By probing the electrochromic effect in different electrolytes, it is shown that acidic electrolytes (H3PO4 and H2SO4) lead to larger absorption peak shifts and a higher change of transmittance than the neutral electrolyte (MgSO4) (Δλ is 100 nm vs 35 nm and ΔT770 nm is ≈12% vs ≈3%, respectively), hinting at the surface redox mechanism involved. Further investigation of the mechanism by in situ X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy reveals that the reversible shift of the absorption peak is attributed to protonation/deprotonation of oxide‐like surface functionalities. As a proof of concept, it is shown that Ti3C2Tx MXene, dip‐coated on a glass substrate, functions as both transparent conductive coating and active material in an electrochromic device, opening avenues for further research into optoelectronic and photonic applications of MXenes.
Freely Suspended, van der Waals Bound Organic Nanometer‐Thin Functional Films: Mechanical and Electronic Characterization
Authors: Schaffroth Lilian S. , Lenz Jakob , Giegold Veit , Kögl Maximilian , Hartschuh Achim , Weitz R. Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDetermining the electronic properties of nanoscopic, low‐dimensional materials free of external influences is key to the discovery and understanding of new physical phenomena. An example is the suspension of graphene, which has allowed access to their intrinsic charge transport properties. Furthermore, suspending thin films enables their application as membranes, sensors, or resonators, as has been explored extensively. While the suspension of covalently bound, electronically active thin films is well established, semiconducting thin films composed of functional molecules only held together by van der Waals interactions could only be studied supported by a substrate. In the present work, it is shown that by utilizing a surface‐crystallization method, electron conductive films with thicknesses of down to 6 nm and planar chiral optical activity can be freely suspended across several hundreds of nanometers. The suspended membranes exhibit a Young's modulus of 2–13 GPa and are electronically decoupled from the environment, as established by temperature‐dependent field‐effect transistor measurements.
Rational Design of Holey 2D Nonlayered Transition Metal Carbide/Nitride Heterostructure Nanosheets for Highly Efficient Water Oxidation
Authors: Kou Zongkui , Wang Tingting , Gu Qilin , Xiong Mo , Zheng Lirong , Li Xin , Pan Zhenghui , Chen Hao , Verpoort Francis , Cheetham Anthony K. , Mu Shichun , Wang John 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDue to integrated advantages in electrochemical functionalities for energy conversion, 2D nonlayered heterostructure nanosheets offer new and fascinating opportunities for electrocatalysis but their fabrication is challenging when compared with the widely studied 2D layered heterostructure. Herein, a bottom‐up approach is established for facile synthesis of holey 2D transition metal carbide/nitride heterostructure nanosheets (h‐TMCN) with regulated hole sizes by controlled thermal annealing of the Mo/Zn bimetallic imidazolate frameworks (Mo/Zn BIFs). Ex situ phase and structural identifications disclose that the Mo/Zn BIFs precursor experiences interconnected three steps of transformation to produce h‐TMCN. Especially, the slow successive solid‐state diffusion of nitrogen and carbon into immediate noncrystalline molybdenum oxides allows the intergrowth of Mo2C and Mo2N into the 2D nonlayered heterostructure. X‐ray fine structure analysis coupled with high resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrate that Mo2C and Mo2N in the microdomains can chemically bond with each other, producing the abundant active N–Mo–C interfaces toward water splitting. Consequently, h‐TMCN affords low overpotentials, high turnover frequencies, rapid charge transfer, and superior long‐term stability toward electrocatalytic water oxidation. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of developing a broad range of 2D nonlayered heterostructures for high efficiency chemical energy conversion.
Measuring local droplet parameters using single optical fiber probe
Authors: Kim Taeho , Ahn Taehwan , Bae Byeonggeon , Jeong Jae Jun , Yun Byongjo , Kim Kyungdoo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article proposes a new single optical fiber probe (OFP) sensor method for measuring local droplet parameters such as droplet fraction, droplet velocity, and droplet diameter. To this end, we developed a stretched conical optical fiber probe (SC‐OFP) sensor that minimizes the wetting of the sensing tip at a high droplet velocity, a discrimination algorithm based on the first and second derivatives of the output of the raw signal of the OFP sensor, and a method that uses neural network training to determine local droplet velocity independently of droplet size. In the experiments conducted, the developed SC‐OFP sensor measured local droplet velocity with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) smaller than 4.1% for velocities ranging from 2 to 32 m/s, and droplet diameter with a MAPE smaller than 4.9% for diameters ranging from 0.29 to 1.78 mm.
Selective N‐Monomethylation of Amines and Nitroarenes using Methanol over an Encapsulated Iridium Nanocatalyst
Authors: Fu Aixiao , Liu Qiang , Jiang Mingxiang , Xu Guoqiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA highly selective N‐monomethylation of aniline and nitrobenzene using methanol as methylating reagent was achieved with high efficiency when using an encapsulated iridium nanocatalyst. A wide range of amines and nitro compounds reacted well in the established catalytic system with moderate to excellent product yields and good functional group tolerance. The transfer hydrogenation and successive cyclization coupling reaction of ortho‐phenylenediamine with methanol to afford benzimidazole and N‐methylbenzimidazole was also efficiently realized under moderate reaction conditions. Recycling experiments showed that the iridium nanocatalyst had a good stability without obvious activity loss.
Palladium‐Mediated Direct Disulfide Bond Formation in Proteins Containing S‐Acetamidomethyl‐cysteine under Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Laps Shay , Sun Hao , Kamnesky Guy , Brik Ashraf 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOne of the applied synthetic strategies for correct disulfide bond formation relies on the use of orthogonal Cys protecting groups. This approach requires purification before and after the deprotection steps, which prolongs the entire synthetic process and lowers the yield of the reaction. A major challenge in using this approach is to be able to apply one‐pot synthesis under mild conditions and aqueous media. In this study, we report the development of an approach for rapid disulfide bond formation by employing palladium chemistry and S‐acetamidomethyl‐cysteine [Cys(Acm)]. Oxidation of Cys(Acm) to the corresponding disulfide bond is achieved within minutes in a one‐pot operation by applying palladium and diethyldithiocarbamate. The utility of this reaction was demonstrated by the synthesis of the peptide oxytocin and the first total chemical synthesis of the protein thioredoxin‐1. Our investigation revealed a critical role of the Acm protecting group in the disulfide bond formation, apparently due to the generation of a disulfiram in the reaction pathway, which significantly assists the oxidation step.
The Generation of Difluoroketenimine and Its Application in the Synthesis of α,α‐Difluoro‐β‐amino Amides
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Zhikun , Zhou Qi , Yu Lefei , Wang Jianbo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFluorine‐containing β‐amino acids and their derivatives have attracted significant attention due to their importance in life sciences. Herein the previously unknown difluoroketenimine, the analogue of the elusive difluoroketene, has been generated by the reaction of difluorocarbene and isocyanide, which further undergoes [2+2] cycloaddition with imine. The three‐component reaction affords α,α‐difluoro‐β‐amino amides in good yields. Mechanistic studies reveal the unique properties of the difluoroketenimine in the [2+2] cycloaddition with imine.
Engineering the Distribution of Carbon in Silicon Oxide Nanospheres at the Atomic Level for Highly Stable Anodes
Authors: Zhu Guanjia , Zhang Fangzhou , Li Xiaomin , Luo Wei , Li Li , Zhang Hui , Wang Lianjun , Wang Yunxiao , Jiang Wan , Liu Hua Kun , Dou Shi Xue , Yang Jianping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe application of high‐performance silicon‐based anodes, which are among the most prominent anode materials, is hampered by their poor conductivity and large volume expansion. Coupling of silicon‐based anodes with carbonaceous materials is a promising approach to address these issues. However, the distribution of carbon in reported hybrids is normally inhomogeneous and above the nanoscale, which leads to decay of coulombic efficiency during deep galvanostatic cycling. Herein, we report a porous silicon‐based nanocomposite anode derived from phenylene‐bridged mesoporous organosilicas (PBMOs) through a facile sol–gel method and subsequent pyrolysis. PBMOs show molecularly organic–inorganic hybrid character, and the resulting hybrid anode can inherit this unique structure, with carbon distributed homogeneously in the Si‐O‐Si framework at the atomic scale. This uniformly dispersed carbon network divides the silicon oxide matrix into numerous sub‐nanodomains with outstanding structural integrity and cycling stability.
Effect of different initiators on temperature‐sensitive monolithic columns and application in online enrichment of β‐sitosterol
Authors: Guo Bin , Wang Huimin , Lan Danan , Pang Xiaomin , Li Yiming , Liu Haiyan , Yan Hongyuan , Bai Ligai 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTThree temperature‐sensitive monolithic columns were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization and oxidation–reduction method using the initiator systems of CCl4/FeCl2, BPO/DMA, and APS/TEMED, respectively. The three monoliths were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, and thermogravimetric analysis. The obtained monolithic columns were used as on‐line solid phase extraction sorbent coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the enrichment of β‐sitosterol. By comparing some influencing factors on the adsorption, the optimum temperature‐sensitive monolithic column which was initiated by CCl4/FeCl2was selected for enrichment of β‐sitosterol from plant oil. The maximum adsorption capacity of the monolith for β‐sitosterol was 10.0031 mg/g. The limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.039 and 0.13 mg/mL, respectively. The recovery was in the range of 90.21–98.26%. The results showed that the monolith had better selectivity for β‐sitosterol and could be used for enrichment of β‐sitosterol in food samples. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47683.
Semi‐global bipartite output consensus of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems subject to input saturation by finite‐time observer
Authors: Duan Jie , Zhang Huaguang , Wang Yingchun , Ren He 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the semi‐global bipartite output consensus problem of heterogeneous linear multi‐agent systems is studied. Compared with related works, both cooperative interactions and antagonistic interactions between agents are considered, and the input saturation on each follower is taken into account. First, two distributed finite‐time observers are designed to recover the leader's state. Particularly, the setting time can be independent of any initial states. Due to the antagonistic interactions, estimation values are the same as the leader's state in modulus but may not in sign. Then, the low‐gain feedback technique is used to develop the distributed control law for each follower. Moreover, we summarize a framework for solving the semi‐global bipartite output consensus problem of heterogeneous multi‐agent systems subject to input saturation. Finally, examples are given to illustrate the results.
Validation of a HPLC/MS method for simultaneous quantification of clonidine, morphine and its metabolites in human plasma
Authors: Tang Fei , Bada Henrietta , Ng Chee M. , Leggas Markos 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of morphine, morphine's major metabolites morphine‐3‐glucuronide and morphine‐6‐glucuronide, and clonidine, to support the pharmacokinetic analysis of an ongoing double‐blinded randomized clinical trial that compares the use of morphine and clonidine in infants diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome. Plasma samples were processed by solid‐phase extraction and separated on an Inertsil ODS‐3 (4 μm) column using an 0.1% formic acid in water–0.1% formic acid in methanol gradient. Detection of the analytes was conducted in the positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The range of quantitation was 1–1000 ng/mL for morphine, morphine‐3‐glucuronide and morphine‐6‐glucuronide, and 0.25–100 ng/mL for clonidine. Intra‐day and inter‐day accuracy and precision were ≤15% for all analytes across the quantitation range. Extraction recovery rates were ≥94% for morphine, ≥90% for M3G, ≥87% for M6G and ≥ 79% for clonidine. Matrix effect ranged from 85–94% for clonidine to 101–106% for M3G. The method fulfilled all predetermined acceptance criteria and required only 100 μL of starting plasma volume. Furthermore, it was successfully applied to 30 clinical trial plasma samples.
Synthesis of Graphite Oxide/Cobalt Molybdenum Oxide Hybrid Nanosheets for Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Supercapacitors and the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ahmed Jahangeer , Ubaidullah Mohd , Ahmad Tokeer , Alhokbany Norah , Alshehri Saad M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReduced graphite oxide (rGO)/cobalt molybdenum oxide (CoMoO4) hybrid nanosheets (NSs) have been prepared by using the hydrothermal method followed by detailed characterization with X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The unusual rGO/CoMoO4 hybrid NSs allow the electrochemical reactions of electrodes for supercapacitors. Therefore, an excellent specific capacitance (ca. 450 F/g at 2 mV/s) and stability performance of the rGO/CoMoO4 hybrid NSs were observed in alkaline medium (i. e. 5  M KOH electrolyte). The rGO/CoMoO4 hybrid NSs show five times higher specific capacitance compared to pure CoMoO4 NSs. The cyclic stability of the rGO/CoMoO4 hybrid NSs reveals retention of approximately 98 % of the initial capacitance after 1500 cycles. Moreover, the rGO/CoMoO4 hybrid electrocatalyst shows higher oxygen evolution activity than CoMoO4 NSs in 0.1 M KOH versus Ag/AgCl. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), and chronoamperometric (CA) measurements strongly support the enhanced electrochemical performance of the rGO/CoMoO4 hybrid NSs.
EcForest: Extractive document summarization through enhanced sentence embedding and cascade forest
Authors: Yang Kang , He Hongye , Al‐Sabahi Kamal , Zhang Zuping 
Published: March 2019

SummaryWe present EcForest, an extractive summarization model through Enhanced Sentence Embedding and Cascade Forest. Sentence representation is of great significance for many summarization methods. Bag‐of‐words mostly fails to grasp the semantics, and typical embedding models cannot capture more complex semantic features, such as polysemy and the meaning of a phrase, which is usually ignored by simply averaging the word embeddings included in a sentence. To this end, we propose Enhanced Sentence Embedding (ESE) model to solve such drawbacks via mapping several valid features to dense vectors. Essentially, the enhanced sentence embedding is a novel model for improving the distributed representation of sentence. Our sentence embedding model is universally applicable and it can be adapted to other NLP tasks. Moreover, deep forest is used as a sentence extraction algorithm for its robustness to the hyper‐parameters and its efficient training algorithm compared to deep neural network. The evaluation of variant models proposed in this work proves the validation of the enhanced sentence embedding. The comparison results between EcForest and several baselines on two different datasets demonstrate that the proposed summarization model performs better than or with high competitiveness to the state‐of‐the‐art.
Functional Impairment of Circulating FcεRI+ Monocytes and Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Cholangiocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Martín‐Sierra Carmen , Martins Ricardo , Laranjeira Paula , Abrantes A. Margarida , Oliveira R. Caetano , Tralhão J. Guilherme , Botelho M. Filomena , Furtado Emanuel , Domingues Rosário , Paiva Artur 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) represent the most common primary liver malignancies whose outcome is influenced by the immune response.MethodsIn this study, we have functionally characterized, by flow cytometry, circulating myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) and FcεRI+ monocytes in a group of healthy individuals (n = 10) and in a group of patients with HCC (n = 19) and CCA (n = 8), at the time point of the surgical resection (T0) and once the patient had recovered from surgery (T1). Moreover, we proceeded to a more in depth phenotypic characterization of the FcεRI+ monocyte subpopulation.ResultsA significant decrease in the frequency of TNFα producing FcεRI+ monocytes and mDCs in HCC and CCA patients when compared to the group of healthy individuals was observed, and a close association between FcεRI+ monocytes and mDCs dysfunction was identified. In addition, the phenotypic characteristics of FcεRI+ monocytes from healthy individuals strongly suggest that this population drives to mDCs, which matches with the fact that both populations are functionally affected.ConclusionsThe frequency and the function of circulating mDCs and FcεRI+ monocytes are affected in both HCC and CCA patients, and FcεRI+ monocytes could represent those fated to become mDCs. © 2019 International Clinical Cytometry Society