bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Collagen Types I, II, IX, and X in the Mineralizing Turkey Gastrocnemius Tendon
Authors: Taylor Reginald W. , Mitchell Georgia K. , Andrade Jon Lee , Svoboda Kathy K. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe turkey gastrocnemius tendon mineralizes by intramembranous ossification with a transient chondrogenic phase. The mineralizing zone has hypertrophic chondrocytes similar to endochondral bone formation. These similarities prompted the evaluation of this tendon for the presence of type X collagen in the mineralizing zone. Tendons were removed, radiographed, decalcified, and embedded for frozen sections. Seral sections were H&E stained and immunostained individually with antibodies specific collagens (types I, II, IX, and X). Type I collagen was distributed widely throughout the mineralized tendon extracellular matrix. Types II and IX collagen were at the mineralized/non‐mineralized junction. Type X collagen was in the pericellular matrix of hypertrophic chondrocytes and in some calcified matrix. These data support the theory that the gastrocnemius tendon has fibrocartilage characteristics and that type X collagen has a role in the tissue's mineralization. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copolymer‐Induced Intermolecular Charge Transfer: Enhancing the Activity of Metal‐Free Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Yu Yihuan , Zhang Zhengping , Dai Liming , Wang Feng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBreaking the electroneutrality of sp2 carbon lattice is a viable way for nanocarbon material to modulate the charge delocalization and to further alter the electrocatalytic activity. Positive charge spreadsheeting is preferable for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and other electrochemical reactions. Analogously to the case of intramolecular charge transfer by heteroatom doping, electrons in the conjugated carbon lattice can be redistributed by the intermolecular charge transfer from the nanocarbon material to the polyelectrolyte. A copolymeric electrolyte, epichlorohydrin‐dimethylamine copolymer (EDC) was synthesized. The EDC‐modified carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrid was subsequently fabricated by sonication treatment and served as a metal‐free carbonaceous electrocatalyst with remarkable catalytic activity and stability. The resultant hybrid presents positive charge spreadsheeting on CNT as a result of the interfacial electron transfer from CNT to EDC. DFT calculations were further carried out to reveal that the enhancement of the wrapped EDC polyelectrolyte originates from the synergetic effect of the quaternary ammonium‐hydroxyl covalently bonded structure. The CNT‐EDC hybrid not only provides an atomically precise regulation to modulate nanocarbon materials from inactive carbonaceous materials into efficient metal‐free catalysts, but it also opens new avenues to develop metal‐free catalysts with well‐defined and highly active sites.
Chemical Modification of the sp‐Hybridized Carbon Atoms of Graphdiyne by Using Organic Sulfur
Authors: Yang Ze , Cui Weiwei , Wang Kun , Song Yuwei , Zhao Fuhua , Wang Ning , Long Yunze , Wang Huanlei , Huang Changshui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHere, a new approach to further improve graphdiyne (GDY) based materials by using benzyl disulfide (BDS) as the sulfur source is demonstrated. The S radicals, generated from the homolysis of BDS, can react with the acetylenic bonds and be well confined in the triangle‐like pores of GDY, forming S‐GDY. The as‐prepared S‐GDY, which possesses numerous heteroatom defects and active sites, is suitable for applications in many electronic devices, such as lithium ion batteries (LIBs). As expected, the assembled LIBs based on S‐GDY displayed improved electrochemical properties, including larger capacity and superior rate capability.
Doping and Photon Induced Defect Healing of Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films: An Approach Towards Efficient Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Kanwat Anil , Choi Won‐Chul , Seth Sudipta , Jang Jin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHere, we demonstrate a simple method to improve photoluminescence and electroluminescent properties of MAPbBr3 perovskite thin films by monovalent Cs cation doping and treatment with UV light. It is known that the intermediate species of lead halides, which limits the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of perovskite thin films, are formed due to the presence of an organic polar solvent. In such cases, coalescence of nanocrystals is unavoidable when the thin‐films are thermally annealed to remove the intermediate phases and solvent residues. We find that PbBr2(DMSO)x complexes can effectively tune the morphology, grain boundary, PLQY, and non‐radiative loss of perovskite thin films under UV light irradiation. Upon UV exposure, highly uniform MA0.87Cs0.13PbBr3 ultra‐thin (45 nm) films with a full surface coverage of neatly packed nanocrystallites are obtained. When these films are integrated into electroluminescent devices, a current efficiency (CE) of 18.71 Cd/A and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.63% are observed for green perovskite‐based light emitting diodes (PeLEDs). These values of CE and EQE are respectively thirty‐four and forty‐three times higher than those achieved in pure MAPbBr3 based devices.
Capacitive and Charge Transfer Effects of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in TiO2 Electrodes
Authors: Ansón‐Casaos A. , Rubio‐Muñoz C. , Hernández‐Ferrer J. , Santidrian A. , Benito A. M. , Maser W. K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe transfer of nanoscale properties from single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to macroscopic systems is a topic of intense research. In particular, inorganic composites of SWCNTs and metal oxide semiconductors are being investigated for applications in electronics, energy devices, photocatalysis, and electroanalysis. In this work, a commercial SWCNT material is separated into fractions containing different conformations. The liquid fractions show clear variations in their optical absorbance spectra, indicating differences in the metallic/semiconducting character and the diameter of the SWCNTs. Also, changes in the surface chemistry and the electrical resistance are evidenced in SWCNT solid films. The starting SWCNT sample and the fractions as well are used to prepare hybrid electrodes with titanium dioxide (SWCNT/TiO2). Raman spectroscopy reflects the optoelectronic properties of SWCNTs in the SWCNT/TiO2 electrodes, while the electrochemical behavior is studied by cyclic voltammetry. A selective development of charge transfer characteristics and double‐layer behavior is achieved through the suitable choice of SWCNT fractions.
In Situ Generation of Silyl Anion Species through Si−B Bond Activation for the Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Fluoroarenes
Authors: Kojima Kumiko , Nagashima Yuki , Wang Chao , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn situ generated silyl anion species enable the concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution of fluoroarenes. Model DFT calculations indicated that addition of a base to a silylborane would thermodynamically form a silyl borate complex and then kinetically release a silyl anion species through Si−B bond cleavage, and that the in situ generated silyl anion equivalent would further react with a fluoroarene through a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution pathway with an activation barrier of ca. 20 kcal/mol to afford the silylated product with a large energy gain. Experiments confirmed that the defluorosilylation reaction took place smoothly at room temperature simply upon mixing fluoroarenes with commercially available silylborane and NaOtBu. Radical scavenger and radical clock reaction experiments provide further evidence for the in situ generation of the silyl anion.
Getting ready for the winter: Timing and determinants of molt in an alpine ungulate
Authors: Déry Florent , Hamel Sandra , Côté Steeve D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBecause growth of new hairs entails energetic costs, individual condition and access to food should determine the timing of molt. Previous studies on the timing of molt in ungulates have mostly focused on the influence of age class and reproductive status, but the effects of body condition and environmental phenology have not been evaluated. Our goal was to assess how intrinsic traits and environmental conditions determine the timing of winter coat shedding in a mountain goat population monitored for 27 years. The date of molt completion followed a U shape with age, suggesting that senescence occurs in terms of the molting process in mountain goats. Juveniles of both sexes delayed molting in a similar fashion, but molt timing differed between sexes during adulthood. Males molted progressively earlier until reaching age when reproduction peaked, after which they started delaying molting again. Females reached earliest molt dates at age of first reproduction and then progressively delayed molt date. Lactating females molted 10 days later than barren females on average, but this only occurred in females in good condition. Thus, although it has been shown that reproduction delays molt in ungulates, our results indicate that body condition can override this effect. Overall, our results revealed that access to both extrinsic and intrinsic resources is one of the key mechanisms driving molting processes in a mammalian herbivore.
Determination of genomic N3‐methylthymidine in human cancer cells treated with nitrosamines using capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence
Authors: Krais Annette M. , Kliem Christian , Arlt Volker M. , Schmeiser Heinz H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMethylating substances alter DNA by forming N3‐methylthymidine (N3mT), a mutagenic base modification. To develop a sensitive analytical method for the detection of N3mT in DNA based on capillary electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection (CE‐LIF), we synthesized the N3mT‐3’‐phosphate as a chemical standard. The limit of detection was 1.9 amol of N3mT, which corresponds to one molecule of N3mT per 1000 normal nucleotides or 0.1%. With this method, we demonstrated that the carcinogenic nitrosamine N’‐nitrosonornicotine (NNN) induced N3mT in the human lung cancer cell line A549. Treatment with NNN also caused an elevated degree of 5‐hydroxymethylcytidine (5hmdC) in DNA, while the methylation degree (i.e. 5‐methylcytidine; 5mdC) stayed constant. According to our data, NNN could, via yet unknown mechanisms, play a role in the formation of N3mT as well as 5hmdC. In this study we have developed a new sensitive analytical method using CE‐LIF for the simultaneous detection of the three DNA modifications, 5mdC, 5hmdC and N3mT.
On commodity price limits
Authors: Janardanan Rajkumar , Qiao Xiao , Rouwenhorst K. Geert 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the behavior of futures prices and trader positions around the occurrence of price limits in commodity futures markets. We ask whether limit events are the result of shocks to fundamental volatility or the result of temporary volatility induced by the trading of noncommercial market participants (speculators). We find little evidence that limits events are the result of speculative activity, but instead associated with shocks to fundamentals that lead to persistent price changes. When futures trading halts price discovery migrates to options markets, but option prices provide a biased estimate of subsequent future prices when trading resumes.
Lab‐scale testing of operation parameters for algae based treatment of piggery wastewater
Authors: Marazzi Francesca , Bellucci Micol , Fornaroli Riccardo , Bani Alessia , Ficara Elena , Mezzanotte Valeria 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicroalgae–bacteria‐based processes are among the most promising low‐cost technologies to treat livestock wastewaters. The current literature reports the need for pretreatment or dilution of piggery wastewater for adequate microalgal growth. The aim of this study is to optimize the potential of microalgal–bacterial communities to treat undiluted and untreated piggery wastewater by investigating the influence of some operational parameters such as phosphorus and CO2 availability and hydraulic retention time on the nitrogen removal efficiency and biomass productivity.RESULTSThe microalgal community (dominated by Chlorella spp.) developed quickly and remained quite stable. The rates of biomass production and NH4‐N removal were 55 ± 30 mg TSS L−1 day−1 and 13 ± 3 mg NH4‐N L−1 day−1 respectively. CO2 adjustment had a positive effect on microalgal growth and NH4‐N removal.CONCLUSIONData confirm the ability of the microalgal–bacterial consortium to grow on undiluted and untreated piggery wastewater under semi‐continuous conditions. Synergy between algae and bacteria seems positive since photosynthesis produces the oxygen needed for ammonia oxidation. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A study of the effect of transient stresses on the fatigue life of RF MEMS switches
Authors: Xi Wei , Elsinawi Ameen , Guha Koushik , Karumuri Srinivasa Rao , Shaikh‐Ahmad Jamal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFatigue affects the durability of radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) devices. It is common to rely on actuation voltage cycles or resonant frequencies shift to estimate the fatigue life of MEMS devices. Actuation of moving mechanical parts within the device causes transient stresses because of transient vibration. Such stresses and stress cycles are difficult to account for when fatigue life is estimated by observing actuation voltage or resonant frequencies shift only. This work investigates the effect of transient stresses on the durability of RF MEMS switch, using a benchmarked finite element‐based structural dynamics model of the switch to generate the stress‐time history of the device. Principal normal stresses are calculated from raw stress data and ordered such that (σ1 ≥ σ2 ≥ σ3). Maximum principal stress amplitudes at pull‐in and pull‐out are calculated, and their corresponding number of cycles are determined by rainflow counting method. A Cumulative damage index (Dc) is determined using Miner's rule. This study revealed that, when transient stresses are taken into consideration, the cumulative damage caused by a single on‐off cycle, of the switch studied, is 1.031 × 10−6, and its life‐to‐failure is 9.7 × 105 on‐off cycles. Whereas the life‐to‐failure of the switch, without considering transient stresses, is approximately 10.3 × 108 cycles. Results are compared with published data for similar switches, and they are in good agreement.
Can an increase in the pulmonary vein volume measured by three dimensional computed tomography predict the presence of atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Kurata Masaaki , Asano Taku , Mori Hiroyoshi , Mase Hiroshi , Nagumo Sakura , Wakatsuki Daisuke , Shimojima Hisa , Ebato Mio , Miyazaki Akira , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundLeft atrial (LA) dilation is associated with morbidity of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, little is known about pulmonary vein (PV) dilation.PurposeWe investigated the PV volume in the patients with AF.Methods and resultsWe performed 3dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) in 155 patients and divided them into three groups: 19 patients without AF (non‐AF group, mean age 66 ± 12 years), 50 with paroxysmal AF (PAF group, mean age 67 ± 8 years) and 24 with persistent AF (PeAF group, mean age 64 ± 10 years). The absence of AF was diagnosed in patients with a cardiac implantable electronic device for at least 1 year (mean: 59 ± 37 months). We determined the PV volume as the total volume from the orifice to the first branch of each PV. According to the echocardiographic data, the LA dimension (LAD) and LA volume index (LAVI) were largest in the PeAF group followed by the PAF and non‐AF group. According to the morphometric data obtained on 3D‐CT, the PV volume was similar in PeAF and PAF groups but significantly smaller in the non‐AF group (median value: 24 vs 21 vs 14 mL, respectively). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the area under the curve for the PV volume in the presence of AF was 0.80, and the optimum cut‐off value was 17 mL (sensitivity 74%, specificity 80%).ConclusionThe PV volume might be useful for predicting the presence of AF before increases in the LAD and LAVI on echocardiography.
Revelation of early repolarization by eliminating accessory pathway in manifest Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome: A case report
Authors: Nauchi Masahiro , Sakai Tsuyoshi , Sugisaki Yuuta , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA 23‐year‐old male with manifest Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome presented with a first occurrence of ventricular fibrillation (VF). Initially, we anticipated the occurrence of atrial fibrillation, causing rapid antegrade conduction over the accessory pathway and, thus, resulting in hemodynamic deterioration. Electrophysiological study revealed that the atrioventricular accessory pathway was located at the mid‐septum. After eliminating the pathway, a J‐point elevation was revealed in the inferior and lateral leads. In addition, program ventricular stimulation induced VF, and the administration of isoproterenol suppressed VF. In our case, VF occurrence can be attributed to early repolarization syndrome and ventricular preexcitation‐modified J‐point elevation.
Investigating the involvement of ABA, ABA catabolites and cytokinins in the susceptibility of ‘Nules Clementine’ mandarin to rind breakdown disorder
Authors: Magwaza Lembe S , Carmen Alamar M , Tesfay Samson Z , Mditshwa Asanda , Opara Umezuruike L , Terry Leon A 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUND‘Nules Clementine’ mandarin was used to investigate the potential involvement of endogenous plant hormones in mediating citrus fruit susceptibility to rind breakdown disorder (RBD). The effect of light exposure (namely canopy position and bagging treatments) on the endogenous concentration of ABA, 7′‐hydroxy‐abscisic acid (7‐OH‐ABA), ABA‐glucose ester (ABA‐GE) and dihydrophaseic acid (DPA), and t‐zeatin was tested using four preharvest treatments: outside, outside bagged, inside and inside bagged. Phytohormones concentration was evaluated during nine weeks of postharvest storage at 8 °C.RESULTSThe shaded fruit inside the canopy had the highest RBD score (0.88) at the end of postharvest storage, while sun‐exposed fruit had the lowest score (0.12). Before storage, ABA concentration was lowest (462.8 µg kg−1) for inside fruit, and highest in outside bagged fruit (680.5 µg kg−1). Although ABA concentration suddenly increased from the third week, reaching a maximum concentration of 580 µg kg−1 at week 6 in fruit from inside position, it generally reduced 1.6‐fold ranging from 240.52 to 480.65 µg kg−1 throughout storage. The increase of 7‐OH‐ABA was more prominent in fruit from inside canopy. Overall, the concentration of ABA‐GE increased three‐fold with storage time. DPA concentration of bagged fruit from inside canopy position was significantly higher compared to outside fruit. The lower ABA‐GE and higher DPA concentration in inside bagged fruit throughout storage also coincided with higher RBD.CONCLUSIONThe strong positive correlations between 7‐OH‐ABA, DPA and RBD incidence demonstrated that these ABA catabolites could be used as biomarkers for fruit susceptibility to the disorder. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Influence of nickel on secondary hardening of a modified AISI H13 hot work die steel
Authors: Xia S.W. , Zuo P. , Zeng Y. , Wu X. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the effects of nickel on secondary hardening of a modified H13 hot work die steel. Both the non‐nickel steel and the nickel‐added steel get a secondary hardening peak at 520 °C, and the secondary hardening peak trends to increase in the nickel‐added steel. On the basis of scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope observation, the rise of the secondary hardening peak is in connection with the precipitation of M3C type carbides. More strip‐shaped and needle‐shaped M3C type carbides precipitated from matrix. By means of internal friction, the result suggests that nickel does not affect the position of the Snoek‐Kê‐Köster peak, but the height of Snoek‐Kê‐Köster peak of the nickel‐added steel is higher, which indicates nickel enhances the interaction between dislocations and interstitial atoms, promoting the precipitation of carbides.
A qualitative study of sexual and reproductive health communication with adolescent and young adult oncology patients
Authors: Frederick Natasha N. , Revette Anna , Michaud Alexis , Bober Sharon L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent and young adult patients with cancer (AYAs) identify sexual and reproductive health (SRH) as an important but often neglected aspect of their comprehensive cancer care. The purpose of this study was to explore AYA perceptions and experiences of SRH communication with oncology clinicians.MethodsTwenty‐three AYA patients and survivors ages 15‐25 years from a large academic oncology center participated in semistructured qualitative interviews investigating their experiences discussing SRH issues, including specific topics discussed, conversation barriers and facilitators, suggestions for clinicians on how to improve conversations, and education and resource needs. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsInterviews with AYAs revealed two primary themes—a need for oncology clinicians to discuss SRH and critical gaps in current SRH communication practices. AYAs reported a need for improved SRH communication for the purposes of general education, addressing specific SRH issues experienced, and understanding the long‐term impact of cancer and treatment on SRH. The current communication gaps are exacerbated by patient discomfort initiating conversations and the presence of family members. AYAs shared six key recommendations for clinicians on how to improve SRH communication.ConclusionsAYAs identify a role for oncology clinicians in discussing SRH as a primary aspect of comprehensive health care during cancer treatment and in survivorship; however, multiple gaps and barriers interfere with such discussions. Future efforts must focus on clinician education and training in SRH as well as education and intervention opportunities for AYAs to optimize the care provided.
Child victims of sexual abuse: Teachers' evaluation of emotion regulation and social adaptation in school
Authors: Amédée Laetitia Mélissande , Tremblay‐Perreault Amélie , Hébert Martine , Cyr Chantal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study assessed the social adaptation of sexually abused children and tested whether children's emotion regulation competencies mediated the association between child sexual abuse (CSA) and two outcomes of the social domain (i.e. withdrawal and social difficulties). A group of 283 child victims of sexual abuse and a comparison group composed of 60 nonabused children was recruited. Teachers completed questionnaires assessing the children's emotion regulation competencies, withdrawal, and social difficulties exhibited in the school context. Results showed that sexually abused children displayed poorer emotion regulation skills and higher levels of both withdrawal and social difficulties relative to nonabused children. CSA was associated with social difficulties and withdrawn behavior through the mediation of emotion regulation competencies. Teachers and school psychologists should be assisted in identifying children at risk of social difficulties and emotional dysregulation and schools be encouraged to adopt a trauma‐informed approach.