bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction to the new FKM guideline which considers nonlinear material behaviour
Authors: Fiedler Melanie , Vormwald Michael 
Published: May 2018

In 2018 the German Research Association of Mechanical Engineering (FKM) will present a new guideline for calculating the fatigue crack initiation life of structures and components .
The user of this guideline
… is able to calculate the fatigue life for crack initiation for structures of steel, cast steel and aluminium alloy
… has to perform an elastic FE-calculation and gets the quality of an elastic-plastic calculation
… is able to determine the cyclic material parameters and the damage parameter Wöhler curve by the ultimate tensile strength Rm
… is able to calculate the fatigue life in HCF and LCF for constant and variable amplitude loading
This paper presents the algorithms of the new guideline, gives an overview about the mechanical background and discusses the results for specimens of steel and aluminium alloys. It also shows results comparing the new to the current FKM guideline for a given steel structure.
New report preparation system for endoscopic procedures using speech recognition technology
Authors: Takao Toshitatsu , Masumura Ryo , Sakauchi Sumitaka , Ohara Yoshiko , Bilgic Elif , Umegaki Eiji , Kutsumi Hiromu , Azuma Takeshi 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims We developed a new reporting system based on structured data entry, which selectively extracts only endoscopic findings from endoscopists’ oral statements and automatically inputs them into appropriate columns in real time during endoscopic procedures.
Methods We compared the time for endoscopic procedures and report preparation (ER time) by using an esophagogastroduodenoscopy simulator in three groups: one preparing reports using a mouse after endoscopic procedures (CE group); a second group preparing reports by using voice alone during endoscopic procedures (SR group); and the final group preparing reports by operating the system with a foot switch and inputting findings using voice during endoscopic procedures (SR + FS group). For the SR and SR + FS groups, we identified the recognition rates of the speech recognition system.
Results Mean ER times for cases with three findings each were 162, 130 and 119 seconds in the CE, SR and SR + FS groups, respectively. The mean ER times for cases with six findings each were 220, 144 and 128 seconds, respectively. The times in the SR and SR + FS groups were significantly shorter than that in the CE group (P < 0.017). The recognition rate of the SR group for cases with three findings each was 98.4 %, and 97.6 % in the same group for cases with six findings each. The rates in the SR + FS group were 95.2 % and 98.4 %, respectively.
Conclusion Our reporting system was demonstrated to allow an endoscopist to efficiently complete the report in real time during endoscopic procedures.
Die Prävalenz der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) im Erwachsenenalter bei Patienten in der stationären Rehabilitation
Authors: Ballaschke Olaf , Langer Sebastian , Forschner Lukas 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund ADHS im Erwachsenenalter scheint ein positiver Prädiktor für zahlreiche komorbide Erkrankungen und Beeinträchtigungen in allen, insbesondere auch in beruflichen, Bereichen zu sein. Da bei Patienten in der Rehabilitation per Definitionem die Teilhabe am gesellschaftlichen und beruflichen Leben eingeschränkt bzw. gefährdet ist, sollte die Prävalenz für ADHS hier deutlich erhöht sein.
Methode Zur Bestimmung der Prävalenz von ADHS im Erwachsenenalter in der stationären Rehabilitation wurden 1010 Probanden im Alter zwischen 18 und 75 Jahren dahingehend untersucht. Zusätzlich wurden weitere Beeinträchtigungen erhoben und mit nicht von ADHS betroffenen Patienten verglichen.
Ergebnisse Es zeigte sich erwartungsgemäß eine höhere Prävalenz (10,5%) in der Rehabilitation als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Vor Antritt der Reha scheinen diese Patienten zudem ein erhöhtes Maß an Einschränkungen gegenüber den Patienten ohne ADHS aufzuweisen. Zum Reha-Ende sind Patienten mit ADHS deutlich häufiger in der Leistungsfähigkeit im alten Beruf, nicht aber in der für den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt, gemindert.
Schlussfolgerung Gerade in Reha-Kliniken sollte verstärkt auf die Möglichkeit des Vorliegens einer ADHS im Erwachsenenalter geachtet werden. Die Betroffenen sind nicht nur stärker beeinträchtigt, sondern scheinen auch häufig einen nicht ihren Besonderheiten entsprechenden Beruf auszuüben.
Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie zur Erfassung von Qualitätsindikatoren in der ambulanten onkologischen Versorgung
Authors: Hermes-Moll Kerstin , Klein Astrid , Schmitz Stephan , Baumann Walter 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Es wurden Indikatoren der Prozessqualität für die ambulante onkologische Versorgung in Deutschland mit dem Ziel entwickelt, die Qualitätsbeobachtung und -sicherung zu verbessern. In dieser Pilotstudie wurden erstmals Daten zur Bewertung dieser Qualitätsindikatoren (QI) erhoben und analysiert.
Methodik Die Daten wurden mithilfe einer Online-Datenmaske aus Patientenakten in onkologischen Schwerpunktpraxen erfasst. Die Datenerhebung erfolgte in 3 Wellen durch praxisinterne und in 7 (Welle 1), 9 (Welle 2) bzw. 7 (Welle 3) Praxen durch einen externen Dokumentar.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 5 160 Patientenakten aus 37 verschiedenen onkologischen Schwerpunktpraxen ausgewertet. Die Erfüllungsquoten der QI variieren deutlich zwischen den QI als auch zwischen den Praxen (0–100%). Zusammengefasst sind die Erfüllungsquoten bei QI der Basisdokumentation höher (81%) als bei der Therapieplanung und -durchführung (72%), der ganzheitlichen Betreuung und dem psychosozialen Wohlbefinden (71%) oder Schmerzmanagement (63%).
Schlussfolgerung Die Ranges und die hohen Standardabweichungen zeigen eine große Bandbreite der Erfüllungsgrade der QI. Es wird aber auch deutlich, dass, mit Ausnahme der Schmerzerfassung, eine 100%ige Erfüllung der Anforderungen der QI in einigen Praxen vorliegt und somit generell machbar ist. Die Datenerhebung für QI ist ressourcenintensiv (Zeit und Personal). Die Erhebung und Auswertung von Daten für QI liefert brauchbare Informationen über Bereiche mit Verbesserungspotenzial. QI können somit zur Verbesserung der Qualität der onkologischen Versorgung beitragen.
Endoscopic biodegradable stents as a rescue treatment in the management of post bariatric surgery leaks: a case series
Authors: Al Lehibi Abed , Al Balkhi Areej , Al Mtawa Abdullah , Al Otaibi Nawaf 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background and aims Postoperative leak is one of the most feared complications after bariatric surgery. Endoscopic stenting is used to manage leaks by decreasing the gastrointestinal intraluminal pressure. The main advantage of endoscopic management is providing healing while still allowing for oral nutrition. However, limited literature exists on whether biodegradable stents can be used to control leaks when conventional metallic stents fail.
Methods Our series consists of four patients who were found to have a leak as a complication of bariatric surgery. Two patients were initially managed by abdominal/chest drainage, and one required total parenteral nutrition. Conventional endoscopic exclusion techniques with short and long fully covered metallic stents were tried and failed in three of the four patients included in this series. Thus, biodegradable stents were used as a rescue option.
Results Biodegradable stents provided immediate improvement for all of the patients, and Gastrografin studies were leak-free 2 days after the procedure. All patients were started on oral feeding and discharged home within 5 – 6 days later. Minimum outpatient follow-up of 8 weeks was achieved with no issues. Follow-up endoscopy was performed 2 – 3 months later in three patients and showed completely resorbed stents. The only drawback was the mucosal reaction to the stent causing dysphagia in two patients, who eventually needed esophageal dilatation.
Conclusion Biodegradable stents have the potential to provide a reasonable rescue option to manage post bariatric surgery leaks in patients who fail conventional endoscopic exclusion methods. However, data from larger studies are needed to collect information on which theoretical advantages/disadvantages of degradable biomaterials apply to real practice.
Treatment of Zenker’s diverticulum using a novel grasping-type scissors forceps allows fast, safe, and effective endoscopic diverticulotomy
Authors: Rath Timo , Siebler Jürgen , Neurath Markus , Nägel Andreas 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Although several endoscopic techniques have been described for Zenker’s diverticulotomy, no standardized endoscopic approach has been established in clinical routine to date. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of endoscopic diverticulotomy using the Clutch Cutter.
Patients and methods Cricopharyngeal myotomy was performed in six prospectively enrolled patients with symptomatic Zenker’s diverticulum, using the Clutch Cutter. Procedural details such as duration, complications, and technical success were recorded and compared to the outcomes of 15 patients who received needle-knife-based myotomy.
Results Myotomy with the Clutch Cutter was feasible in all six patients with complete diverticulotomy in a single session in all patients. Mean procedure time of the Clutch Cutter myotomy was 19 minutes without major complications. During follow-up, one patient had diverticulum recurrence after 10 months, which was successfully re-treated. Mean procedure time with the needle-knife was 43 minutes and a mean of 2.7 myotomy sessions was required for complete diverticulotomy.
Conclusion Endoscopic diverticulotomy using the Clutch Cutter is safe, effective, and fast. Larger studies comparing myotomy using the Clutch Cutter with other endoscopic techniques are highly warranted.
Global Health: Epilepsy
Authors: Ali Amza 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEpilepsy is a frequently misunderstood and highly stigmatized condition. Major treatment gaps exist across the world, most so in areas of financial constraint. Classification permits the best approaches to treatment and to ascertaining prognosis. The International League Against Epilepsy's new classification system emphasizes clinical aspects and utilizes all available resources to determine whether it is a focal or generalized epilepsy. The most important tools are a careful history, clinical examination, electroencephalography, and appropriate neuroimaging. Inadequate, delayed, and incomplete evaluation may lead to misdiagnosis and costly mismanagement. Treatment is generally pharmacological, with approximately 20 to 30% of patients eventually proving refractory to medications and thus becoming potential surgical candidates. The type of epilepsy, age, gender, comorbidities, drug interactions, and drug cost are important factors in choosing an antiepileptic drug (AED). The teratogenic potential of some AEDs, weight gain, and menstrual hormone–related issues are important considerations in women. The impact of AEDs on bone health is critical in all age groups, particularly in the elderly. Psychiatric problems, mostly depression and anxiety, can have a great impact on seizure control and overall quality of life. Finally, effective partnerships and collaborations can bring resources, both human and financial, to regions that would otherwise find it impossible to effect change on their own.
The Impact of Medical Comorbidities on Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Reimbursements
Authors: Sabeh Karim G. , Rosas Samuel , Buller Leonard T. , Freiberg Andrew A. , Emory Cynthia L. , Roche Martin W. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMedical comorbidities have been shown to cause an increase in peri-and postoperative complications following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, the increase in cost associated with these complications has yet to be determined. Factors that influence cost have been of great interest particularly after the initiation of bundled payment initiatives. In this study, we present and quantify the influence of common medical comorbidities on the cost of care in patients undergoing primary TKA. A retrospective level of evidence III study was performed using the PearlDiver supercomputer to identify patients who underwent primary TKA between 2007 and 2015. Patients were stratified by medical comorbidities and compared using analysis of variance for reimbursements for the day of surgery and over 90 days postoperatively. A cohort of 137,073 US patients was identified as having undergone primary TKA between 2007 and 2015. The mean entire episode-of-care reimbursement was $23,701 (range: $21,294–26,299; standard deviation [SD] $2,611). The highest reimbursements were seen in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (mean $26,299; SD $3,030), hepatitis C (mean $25,662; SD $2,766), morbid obesity (mean $25,450; SD $2,154), chronic kidney disease (mean $25,131, $3,361), and cirrhosis (mean $24,890; SD $2,547). Medical comorbidities significantly impact reimbursements, and therefore cost, after primary TKA. Comprehensive preoperative optimization for patients with medical comorbidities undergoing TKA is highly recommended and may reduce perioperative complications, improve patient outcome, and ultimately reduce cost.
Swallowing Dysfunction in Adult Patients with Chiari I Malformation
Authors: Andersson Mats , Andersson Olof , Skoglund Thomas , Tisell Magnus , Almotairi Fawaz 
Published: May 2018

Background Swallowing difficulties have been reported in patients with Chiari I malformation (CMI) with a prevalence of 4 to 47%, but existing evidence is based only on case reports. We aimed to prospectively study swallowing function in adult patients with CMI before and 3 months after surgical decompression.
Methods We included all adult patients diagnosed with CMI from September 2015 to October 2017 who underwent a planned surgery at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. The patients were offered the opportunity to participate in and undergo an assessment consisting of the “Watson Dysphagia Scale (WDS)” and “EORTC QLQ-OG25” written questionnaires in addition to videofluoroscopic examination of swallowing (VFS) before and 3 months after surgery. Demographic data and comorbidities were recorded.
Results Eleven patients were included, nine of which underwent both pre- and postoperative evaluations. Four patients (36%) reported varying degrees of swallowing complaints (mean WDS score, 16). In two of these, there was substantial penetration of contrast material into the laryngeal vestibule on VFS, and in the other two patients, minor swallowing disturbances were observed. Borderline deviations from normal VFS findings were also found in three asymptomatic patients. Although not all VFS deviations completely disappeared after surgery, the patients reported no remaining symptoms.
Conclusion Symptoms of dysphagia and objective abnormalities on VFS are not uncommon in CMI patients. Surgery has the potential to remedy underlying causes of dysphagia, thereby relieving its symptoms.
Paroxysmal Autonomic Instability with Dystonia Syndrome in Association with Wolf–Hirschhorn Syndrome
Authors: Manalo Rachel , Contreras Marioxy , Gorla Sudheer R. , Sokoloski Mary C. , Kardon Richard E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractParoxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia (PAID) syndrome, a distinct entity of autonomic dysfunction, is typically seen following acute brain injury. There are no reported cases of this entity in association with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS). Here, we report a case of WHS whose predominant neurological manifestations were consistent with PAID syndrome.
Transcription factor profiling reveals molecular choreography and key regulators of human retrotransposon expression
Authors: Sun Xiaoji , Wang Xuya , Tang Zuojian , Grivainis Mark , Kahler David , Yun Chi , Mita Paolo , Fenyö David , Boeke Jef D. 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Retrotransposons replicate through RNA intermediates that are reverse transcribed and inserted at new genomic locations. LINE-1 (L1) elements constitute ∼17% of the human genome, making them the most successful retrotransposons in the human genome by mass. The activity of L1s was shown first in the germline or during early embryogenesis. More recent studies demonstrate a wider prevalence of L1 expression in somatic cells including neurons, aging cells, and different types of cancer. In this study, we developed the MapRRCon pipeline and performed a comprehensive computational analysis of L1 transcriptional regulators using ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets. We revealed the binding of various transcription factors, including Myc and CTCF, to the 5′ UTR promoter of the youngest human L1 family (L1HS) and their potential functional impact on L1HS expression.
>Gossip
Authors: Slade Diana 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper argues that the linguistic analysis of gossip reveals not only a great deal about the social role and function of gossip in our society and is therefore important to social theory, but that an analysis of the language of gossip can provide insights into the analysis of casual conversation in English. This paper provides a generic analysis of gossip. The analysis demonstrates that gossip is a culturally determined process with a distinctive structure which can be described. It argues that, in order to describe gossip and other forms of casual conversation, two perspectives are needed: a synoptic approach which looks for complete, static, unified products or texts (generic approach) and a dynamic approach to conversational analysis which focuses on the processes by which moves succeed moves. The latter perspective then focuses on the dynamic unfolding of the interaction which occurs in a gossip text. It allows us to describe how the interactants in conversation can expand, in principle, indefinitely move by move.
Interaction in an Italian oral test
Authors: Filipi Anna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper presents findings based on a study of talk that occurred in a sample of 21 interactions during the 1992 Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) Italian Oral Common Assessment Task. The purpose of the study reported here is to examine the interactions between assessors and students through a study of two features of sequence organisation – namely post sequences and insertion sequences. Five recurring types are described: student initiated repair via the clarification check, confirmation request and request for rephrasing; assessor initiated repair; sequences leading to emotional reaction; word supply; and the aside.
Blurring Institutional Boundaries
Authors: Mark Alyx , Zilis Michael A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe legislature wields multiple tools to limit judicial power, but scholars have little information about how judges interpret variant threats and which they find most concerning. To provide insight, we conduct original interviews regarding legislative threats to courts with over two dozen sitting federal judges, representing all tiers of the federal judiciary. We find that judges have a nuanced understanding of threats and tend to identify components of legislative proposals that threaten formal institutional powers as more concerning than those challenging policy set by judges. This distinction has broad implications for our understanding of judicial behavior at the federal level.
TEcandidates: prediction of genomic origin of expressed transposable elements using RNA-seq data
Authors: Valdebenito-Maturana Braulio , Riadi Gonzalo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Motivation
In recent years, Transposable Elements (TEs) have been related to gene regulation. However, estimating the origin of expression of TEs through RNA-seq is complicated by multi-mapping reads coming from their repetitive sequences. Current approaches that address multi-mapping reads are focused in expression quantification and not in finding the origin of expression. Addressing the genomic origin of expressed TEs could further aid in understanding the role that TEs might have in the cell.

Results
We have developed a new pipeline called TEcandidates, based on de novo transcriptome assembly to assess the instances of TEs being expressed, along with their location, to include in downstream DE analysis. TEcandidates takes as input the RNA-seq data, the genome sequence and the TE annotation file and returns a list of coordinates of candidate TEs being expressed, the TEs that have been removed and the genome sequence with removed TEs as masked. This masked genome is suited to include TEs in downstream expression analysis, as the ambiguity of reads coming from TEs is significantly reduced in the mapping step of the analysis.

Availability and implementation
The script which runs the pipeline can be downloaded at http://www.mobilomics.org/tecandidates/downloads or http://github.com/TEcandidates/TEcandidates.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Fourier–Mukai Transform on a Compactified Jacobian
Authors: Bhosle Usha N , Singh Sanjay Kumar 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We use Fourier–Mukai transform to compute the cohomology of the Picard bundles on the compactified Jacobian of an integral nodal curve $Y$. We prove that the transform gives an injective morphism from the moduli space of vector bundles of rank $r \ge 2$ and degree $d$ ($d$ sufficiently large) on $Y$ to the moduli space of vector bundles of a fixed rank and fixed Chern classes on the compactified Jacobian of $Y$. We show that this morphism induces a morphism from the moduli space of vector bundles of rank $r \ge 2$ and a fixed determinant of degree $d$ on $Y$ to the moduli space of vector bundles of a fixed rank with a fixed determinant and fixed Chern classes on the compactified Jacobian of $Y$.
Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Infants Following Institution of a Delayed Umbilical Cord Clamping Practice Change
Authors: Fenton Christen , McNinch Neil L , Bieda Amy , Dowling Donna , Damato Elizabeth 
Published: May 2018

Background:
Evidence supports a significant reduction in the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) in preterm infants receiving delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC).

Purpose:
This study evaluated clinical feasibility, efficacy, and safety outcomes in preterm infants (<36 weeks' gestational age) who received DCC following a practice change implementation intended to reduce the incidence of IVH.

Methods:
Infants receiving DCC (45-60 seconds) were compared with a sample of infants receiving immediate umbilical cord clamping (<15 seconds) in a retrospective chart review (N = 354). The primary outcome measure was the prevalence of IVH. Secondary safety outcome measures of 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, axillary temperature on neonatal intensive care unit admission, and initial 24-hour bilirubin level were also evaluated. Gestational age was examined for its effect on outcomes.

Results:
Although the small number of infants with IVH precluded the ability to detect statistical significance, our raw data suggest DCC is efficacious in reducing the risk for IVH. For infants 29 or less weeks' gestational age, admission axillary temperature was significantly higher in those who received DCC. No differences were found in 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, 24-hour bilirubin level, or hematocrit level between the two groups. Infants more than 29 weeks' gestational age who received DCC had significantly higher 1-minute Apgar scores, temperature, and 24-hour bilirubin level.

Implications for Practice:
Clinicians should advocate for the implementation of DCC as part of the resuscitative process for preterm neonates.

Implications for Research:
Future studies are needed to evaluate the effect of DCC on other clinical outcomes and to investigate umbilical cord milking as an alternative approach to DCC.