bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Focused Library of NO‐Donor Compounds with Potent Antiproliferative Activity Based on Green Multicomponent Reactions
Authors: Ingold Mariana , Colella Lucía , Hernández Paola , Batthyány Carlos , Tejedor David , Puerta Adrián , García‐Tellado Fernando , Padrón José M. , Porcal Williams , López Gloria. V. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Herein, a strategy to quickly and efficiently identify novel lead compounds to develop anticancer agents, using green multicomponent reactions followed by antiproliferative activity and structure–activity relationship studies, is described. A second‐generation focused library of nitric oxide‐releasing compounds was prepared by microwave‐assisted Passerini and Ugi reactions. Nearly all compounds displayed potent antiproliferative activities against a panel of human solid tumor cell lines, with 1‐phenyl‐1‐[(tert‐butylamino)carbonyl]methyl 3‐[(3‐phenylsulfonyl‐[1,2,5]oxadiazol‐4‐yl N2‐oxide)oxy]benzoate (4 k) and N‐[1‐(tert‐butylaminocarbonyl)‐1‐phenylmethyl]‐N‐(4‐methylphenyl)‐3‐(3‐phenylsulfonyl‐[1,2,5]oxadiazol‐4‐yl N2‐oxide)oxyphenyl carboxamide (6 d) exhibiting the strongest activity on SW1573 lung cell line (GI50=110 and 21 nm) with selectivity indices of 70 and 470, respectively. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest a relationship between NO release and antiproliferative activity. Our strategy allowed the rapid identification of at least two molecules as future candidates for the development of potent antitumor drugs.
Follow‐up approaches to a health literacy intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening in rural community clinics: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Arnold Connie L. , Rademaker Alfred W. , Morris James D. , Ferguson Laurie Anne , Wiltz Gary , Davis Terry C. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSignificant disparities exist in colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among those of low socioeconomic status, with fewer years of education, lacking health insurance, or living in rural areas.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness of 2 follow‐up approaches to a health literacy intervention to improve CRC screening: automated telephone call or personal call. Patients aged 50 to 75 years residing in 4 rural community clinics in Louisiana were given a structured interview that assessed demographic, health literacy and CRC screening barriers, knowledge, and attitudes. All were given health literacy–informed CRC education, a patient‐friendly CRC screening pamphlet, simplified fecal immunochemical test (FIT) instructions, and a FIT kit, and a “teach‐back” method was used to confirm understanding. Patients were randomized to 1 of 2 telephone follow‐up arms. If they did not mail their FIT kit within 4 weeks, they received a reminder call and were called again at 8 weeks if the test still was not received.ResultsA total of 620 patients were enrolled. Approximately 55% were female, 66% were African American, and 40% had limited literacy. The overall FIT completion rate was 68%: 69.2% in the automated telephone call arm and 67% in the personal call arm. Greater than one‐half of the patients (range, 58%‐60%) returned the FIT kit without receiving a telephone call. There was no difference noted with regard to the effectiveness of the follow‐up calls; each increased the return rate by 9%.ConclusionsProviding FIT kits and literacy‐appropriate education at regularly scheduled clinic visits with a follow‐up telephone call when needed was found to increase CRC screening among low‐income, rural patients. The lower cost automated call was just as effective as the personal call.
Microbial characterization of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma from a high‐risk region of China
Authors: Shao Dantong , Vogtmann Emily , Liu Anqi , Qin Junjie , Chen Wen , Abnet Christian C. , Wei Wenqiang 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundLittle is known about the microbiota and upper gastrointestinal tumors. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) occur in adjacent organs, co‐occur geographically, and share many risk factors despite being of different tissue types.MethodsThis study characterized the microbial communities of paired tumor and nontumor samples from 67 patients with ESCC and 36 patients with GCA in Henan, China. DNA was extracted with the MoBio PowerSoil kit. The V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced with MiniSeq and was processed with Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology 1. The linear discriminant analysis effect size method was used to identify differentially abundant microbes, the Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was used to test α diversity differences, and permutational multivariate analysis of variance was used to test for differences in β diversity.ResultsThe microbial environments of ESCC and GCA tissues were all composed primarily of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria. ESCC tumor tissues contained more Fusobacterium (3.2% vs 1.3%) and less Streptococcus (12.0% vs 30.2%) than nontumor tissues. GCA nontumor tissues had a greater abundance of Helicobacter (60.5% vs 11.8%), which may have been linked to the lower α diversity (58.0 vs 102.5; P = .0012) in comparison with tumor tissues. A comparison of ESCC and GCA nontumor tissues showed that the microbial composition (P = .0040) and the α diversity (87.0 vs 58.0; P = .00052) were significantly different. No significant differences were detected for α diversity within ESCC and GCA tumor tissues.ConclusionsThis study showed differences in the microbial compositions of paired ESCC and GCA tumor and nontumor tissues and differences by organ site. Large‐scale, prospective cohort studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Verifying the claimed sale‐ranking trustworthy: A maximum marginal relevance‐based ranking method
Authors: Wang Youquan , Fang Changjian , Shen Dongqin , Wu Zhiang , Cao Jie 
Published: July 2019

SummaryVarious online contents on Internet platforms or search engines are related to the corporate reputation. Facing the huge amount of online contents, we need a mining method that can automatically extract and analyze a large number of network‐related information and obtain the real reliability of aspect for the content claimed by companies. In this paper, we propose to generate a ranking model to verify whether the sales‐rankings claimed by companies are trustworthy. The key idea is that the company that has higher confidence score should be supported by the online media. We use a unique data set of public opinion data related with a specific company, which we supplement with data from various online news platform and retrieval webpages using a distributed and generic Web crawler. Meanwhile, basic information and open financial data of companies are also collected for auxiliary analysis. We present a Maximal Marginal Relevance‐based ranking model to compute the confidence score of each company, taking into consideration the two technologies of word embedding and KL‐Divergence to filter the irrelevant documents. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art MMR‐based method, and we showcase three representative cases about the corporate reputation built by us that gives positive, neutral, and negative support respectively to the sales‐ranking claim of companies.
Effect of fluoride slow‐release glass devices on salivary and gingival crevicular fluid levels of fluoride: A pilot study
Authors: Tatsi Chrysoula , Toumba Kyriacos Jack 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the effect of fluoride slow‐release glass devices on the levels of fluoride in a pooled sample of human gingival crevicular fluid and in human saliva.Materials and MethodsTen healthy adult volunteers wore fluoride slow‐release glass devices for 3 months in a longitudinal experimental clinical pilot study. Whole unstimulated human saliva and gingival crevicular fluid were collected using paper points at baseline, after 2 weeks and at 3 months and analysed for their fluoride levels using ion chromatography and fluoride electrode.ResultsNo adverse effects were reported, and the Löe Plaque and Gingival Index remained low (0.22). The saliva determination of fluoride using the fluoride electrode showed an increase after 3 months from 0.02 ± 0.04 ppm to 0.06 ± 0.12 ppm, whereas the ion chromatography showed an increase from 0.15 ± 0.10 ppm to 0.44 ± 0.36 ppm. The fluoride levels in a pooled sample of gingival crevicular fluid from four intraoral sites were determined using the ion chromatography, and the results showed that after 3 months, the fluoride levels were still low (0.71 ± 0.34 ppb) similar to those at baseline (0.74 ± 0.31 ppb).ConclusionsThe fluoride concentration in a pooled sample of gingival crevicular fluid was reported to be low with a range from 0.46 to 0.75 ppb and was not changed by placement of fluoride slow‐release glass devices. The fluoride concentration in unstimulated human saliva showed an increase after 3 months when the fluoride slow‐release glass devices were attached when determined with both the fluoride electrode (from .02 ± 0.04 ppm to 0.06 ± 0.12 ppm) and ion chromatography (from 0.15 ± 0.10 ppm to 0.44 ± 0.36 ppm).
Rapid, High‐Yield Fructose Dehydration to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Mixtures of Water and the Noncoordinating Ionic Liquid [bmim][OTf]
Authors: Ghatta Amir Al , Wilton‐Ely James D. E. T. , Hallett Jason P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe noncoordinating ionic liquid [bmim][OTf] (bmim=1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) is an effective and versatile solvent for the high‐yield dehydration of fructose to the platform chemical 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) over short reaction times. In contrast to prior studies in which low yields were obtained for this transformation in ionic liquids (ILs) with noncoordinating anions, this contribution reveals that the water content is an essential parameter for an efficient reaction in ILs. Achieving the optimum amount of water can increase the yield dramatically by regulating the acidity of the catalyst and partially suppressing the side reaction caused by self‐condensation of HMF. Using acid catalysis in [bmim][OTf] with 3.5 % water content, yields above 80 % can be achieved at 100 °C in only 10 min, even at high (14 %) fructose loading. These results also suggest that [bmim][OTf] represents a superior medium for solvent extraction of HMF compared to halide‐based ILs, allowing the option of isolation or further valorization of the HMF formed.
Bayesian time‐varying quantile regression to extremes
Authors: Ferraz Do Nascimento Fernando , Bourguignon Marcelo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMaximum analysis consists of modeling the maximums of a data set by considering a specific distribution. Extreme value theory (EVT) shows that, for a sufficiently large block size, the maxima distribution is approximated by the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. Under EVT, it is important to observe the high quantiles of the distribution. In this sense, quantile regression techniques fit the data analysis of maxima by using the GEV distribution. In this context, this work presents the quantile regression extension for the GEV distribution. In addition, a time‐varying quantile regression model is presented, and the important properties of this approach are displayed. The parameter estimation of these new models is carried out under the Bayesian paradigm. The results of the temperature data and river quota application show the advantage of using this model, which allows us to estimate directly the quantiles as a function of the covariates. This shows which of them influences the occurrence of extreme temperature and the magnitude of this influence.
Designing and implementation of energy‐efficient wireless photovoltaic monitoring system
Authors: Khan Mahmood , Iqbal Javed , Ali Muhammad , Muhmmad Afaq , Zahir Ali , Ali Nadir 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) cell usually shows unpredictable results due to abrupt change in environment. Environmental parameters such as temperature, dust factor, irradiance, and air mass have direct influence on the output of PV cells. Monitoring PV and its related environmental parameters is very important for understanding and analysis of PV in practical conditions. The PV parameters have been found useful in many ways like reliability analysis, life cycle costing, returns on investment calculation, loss of load probability, and optimal designing of PV power supplies. Currently, designed PV monitoring systems (PVMS) are reported to be expensive, complex, and are limited in their applications, out of which only few are wireless. In this article, we design and implement a simple cost‐effective and wireless PV monitoring solution. The design PVMS is based on microcontrollers, light‐dependent resistors, current sensor, analog‐to‐digital converter, solid state relays, ZigBee (XBee) wireless microcontroller, and LabVIEW‐based data logging software. The designed PVMS performs the real‐time analysis and data logging of open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Jsc), ambient temperature (Ta), cell temperature (Tcell), and maximum power point. In addition, real‐time I‐V and P‐V characterization of PV module is another valuable feature embedded in the designed PVMS.
A comprehensive review on recent advancements in routing protocols for flying ad hoc networks
Authors: Malhotra Atul , Kaur Sanmeet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlying ad hoc networks (FANETs) are a particular type of ad hoc networks, which constitute flying nodes communicating with each other in ad hoc mode. Routing among FANETs has been a subject of interest due to the inherent challenge of handling dynamicity exhibited by the nodes. This survey presents a comprehensive review on recently developed routing protocols for FANETs. In the initial part of this paper, a basic overview of FANETs, their differences with respect to mobile ad hoc networks and vehicular ad hoc networks, evolution of FANET routing protocols, basic categorization of routing protocols, characteristics and design considerations for FANETs, has been presented. Then, an in‐depth study of recently developed FANET routing protocols has been carried out by categorically differentiating them based on their routing mechanism, highlighting their features, strengths, weaknesses, and Quality of Service (QoS) parameters used for testing, in order to identify their suitability for routing data among flying nodes moving at high speeds. Furthermore, a feature comparison of all the discussed protocols has been presented in a summarized form. Lately, an analysis of mobility models, QoS parameters, simulators, and test beds used in the literature has been discussed in order to reflect their effectiveness when used for FANETs. Finally, open issues and future directions related to FANET routing protocols have been mentioned so as to direct the future research in this area for further advancements.
Relating diffusion tensor imaging measurements to microstructural quantities in the cerebral cortex in multiple sclerosis
Authors: McKavanagh Rebecca , Torso Mario , Jenkinson Mark , Kolasinski James , Stagg Charlotte J. , Esiri Margaret M. , McNab Jennifer A. , Johansen‐Berg Heidi , Miller Karla L. , Chance Steven A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo investigate whether the observed anisotropic diffusion in cerebral cortex may reflect its columnar cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture, as a potential biomarker for disease‐related changes, we compared postmortem diffusion magnetic resonance imaging scans of nine multiple sclerosis brains with histology measures from the same regions. Histology measurements assessed the cortical minicolumnar structure based on cell bodies and associated axon bundles in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Area 9), Heschl's gyrus (Area 41), and primary visual cortex (V1). Diffusivity measures included mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy of the cortex, and three specific measures that may relate to the radial minicolumn structure: the angle of the principal diffusion direction in the cortex, the component that was perpendicular to the radial direction, and the component that was parallel to the radial direction. The cellular minicolumn microcircuit features were correlated with diffusion angle in Areas 9 and 41, and the axon bundle features were correlated with angle in Area 9 and to the parallel component in V1 cortex. This may reflect the effect of minicolumn microcircuit organisation on diffusion in the cortex, due to the number of coherently arranged membranes and myelinated structures. Several of the cortical diffusion measures showed group differences between MS brains and control brains. Differences between brain regions were also found in histology and diffusivity measurements consistent with established regional variation in cytoarchitecture and myeloarchitecture. Therefore, these novel measures may provide a surrogate of cortical organisation as a potential biomarker, which is particularly relevant for detecting regional changes in neurological disorders.
Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging quantifies corticospinal tract microstructural organization in children with unilateral cerebral palsy
Authors: Nemanich Samuel T. , Mueller Bryon A. , Gillick Bernadette T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChildren with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP) due to early brain injury exhibit disrupted connectivity of corticospinal tracts (CSTs), which can be quantified using diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is commonly used to quantify white matter organization, however, this model lacks the biological specificity to accurately describe underlying microstructural properties. Newer approaches, such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), may provide more biologically accurate information regarding CST microstructure. In this study, we directly compared metrics of CST microstructure using NODDI and DTI models to characterize the microstructural organization of corticospinal pathways. Twenty participants with UCP participating in a neuromodulation/rehabilitation intervention underwent imaging including multi‐shell DWI; 10 participants' datasets were adequately completed for neuroimaging analysis. Task fMRI‐guided probabilistic tractography from motor cortex to brainstem was performed at baseline and follow‐up to reconstruct the CSTs. Diffusion metrics were compared between hemispheres at baseline, and between baseline and follow‐up to test for intervention effects. Correlation analyses were used to compare baseline metrics to changes in hand function following the intervention. DTI results showed that mean fractional anisotropy in lesioned and nonlesioned CSTs did not significantly differ, but mean, axial, and radial diffusivity were greater in the lesioned CST. For NODDI, intracellular volume fraction (ICVF) and orientation dispersion index (ODI) were lower in the lesioned CST. Unimanual function was strongly correlated with ICVF, but not FA. NODDI may reveal distinct properties of CST microstructure that are linked to motor function, indicating their potential in characterizing brain structure and development.
4‐1BB Delineates Distinct Activation Status of Exhausted Tumor‐Infiltrating CD8+ T Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hyung‐Don , Park Seongyeol , Jeong Seongju , Lee Yong Joon , Lee Hoyoung , Kim Chang Gon , Kim Kyung Hwan , Hong Seung‐Mo , Lee Jung‐Yun , Kim Sunghoon , Kim Hong Kwan , Min Byung Soh , Chang Jong Hee , Ju Young Seok , Shin Eui‐Cheol , Song Gi‐Won , Hwang Shin , Park Su‐Hyung 
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims
Targeting costimulatory receptors with agonistic antibodies is a promising cancer immunotherapy option. We aimed to investigate costimulatory receptor expression, particularly 4‐1BB (CD137 or tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9), on tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells (CD8+ tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes [TILs]) and its association with distinct T‐cell activation features among exhausted CD8+ TILs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Approach and Results
Tumor tissues, adjacent nontumor tissues, and peripheral blood were collected from HCC patients undergoing surgical resection (n = 79). Lymphocytes were isolated and used for multicolor flow cytometry, RNA‐sequencing, and in vitro functional restoration assays. Among the examined costimulatory receptors, 4‐1BB was most prominently expressed on CD8+ TILs. 4‐1BB expression was almost exclusively detected on CD8+ T cells in the tumor—especially on programmed death 1 (PD‐1)high cells and not PD‐1int and PD‐1neg cells. Compared to PD‐1int and 4‐1BBnegPD‐1high CD8+ TILs, 4‐1BBposPD‐1high CD8+ TILs exhibited higher levels of tumor reactivity and T‐cell activation markers and significant enrichment for T‐cell activation gene signatures. Per‐patient analysis revealed positive correlations between percentages of 4‐1BBpos cells among CD8+ TILs and levels of parameters of tumor reactivity and T‐cell activation. Among highly exhausted PD‐1high CD8+ TILs, 4‐1BBpos cells harbored higher proportions of cells with proliferative and reinvigoration potential. Our 4‐1BB–related gene signature predicted survival outcomes of HCC patients in the The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort. 4‐1BB agonistic antibodies enhanced the function of CD8+ TILs and further enhanced the anti‐PD‐1–mediated reinvigoration of CD8+ TILs, especially in cases showing high levels of T‐cell activation.

Conclusion
4‐1BB expression on CD8+ TILs represents a distinct activation state among highly exhausted CD8+ T cells in HCC. 4‐1BB costimulation with agonistic antibodies may be a promising strategy for treating HCCs exhibiting prominent T‐cell activation.
Methyl‐Sensing Nuclear Receptor Liver Receptor Homolog‐1 Regulates Mitochondrial Function in Mouse Hepatocytes
Authors: Choi Sungwoo , Dong Bingning , Lin Chih‐Chun Janet , Heo Mi Jeong , Kim Kang Ho , Sun Zhen , Wagner Martin , Putluri Nagireddy , Suh Jae Myoung , Wang Meng C. , Moore David D. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims
Liver receptor homolog‐1 (LRH‐1; NR5A2) is a nuclear receptor that regulates metabolic homeostasis in the liver. Previous studies identified phosphatidylcholines as potential endogenous agonist ligands for LRH‐1. In the liver, distinct subsets of phosphatidylcholine species are generated by two different pathways: choline addition to phosphatidic acid through the Kennedy pathway and trimethylation of phosphatidylethanolamine through phosphatidylethanolamine N‐methyl transferase (PEMT).

Approach and Results
Here, we report that a PEMT–LRH‐1 pathway specifically couples methyl metabolism and mitochondrial activities in hepatocytes. We show that the loss of Lrh‐1 reduces mitochondrial number, basal respiration, beta‐oxidation, and adenosine triphosphate production in hepatocytes and decreases expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and beta‐oxidation genes. In contrast, activation of LRH‐1 by its phosphatidylcholine agonists exerts opposite effects. While disruption of the Kennedy pathway does not affect the LRH‐1‐mediated regulation of mitochondrial activities, genetic or pharmaceutical inhibition of the PEMT pathway recapitulates the effects of Lrh‐1 knockdown on mitochondria. Furthermore, we show that S‐adenosyl methionine, a cofactor required for PEMT, is sufficient to induce Lrh‐1 transactivation and consequently mitochondrial biogenesis.

Conclusions
A PEMT–LRH‐1 axis regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and beta‐oxidation in hepatocytes.