bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multi‐Timescale EnOI‐Like High‐Efficiency Approximate Filter for Coupled Model Data Assimilation
Authors: Yu X. , Zhang S. , Li J. , Lu L. , Liu Z. , Li M. , Yu H. , Han G. , Lin X. , Wu L. , Chang P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBecause it uses a set of model integrations to simulate the temporally varying background probability distribution function and implement Bayes' theorem, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), which produces an optimal data assimilation solution that coherently combines model dynamics and observational information, has been widely used in weather and climate studies. However, in practice, the EnKF has two limitations: (1) the insufficient representation of error statistics of low‐frequency background flows due to its finite ensemble size and model integration over time and (2) the high demand of computational power for ensemble model integrations in high‐resolution coupled Earth system models. Given that background error statistics consist of stationary, slow‐varying, and fast‐varying parts, a multi‐timescale, high‐efficiency approximate EnKF (MSHea‐EnKF) is designed to increase the representation of low‐frequency background error statistics and enhance its computational efficiency. The MSHea‐EnKF is a combination of multi‐timescale filters implemented by regressions based on data sampled from the time series of a single‐model solution. Validation shows that with the improved representation of stationary and slow‐varying background statistics, the MSHea‐EnKF only requires a small fraction of computer resources and shows a comparable performance relative to a finite size EnKF. Our experiments also show that the result can be further improved by using a small set of MSHea‐EnKFs through second‐stage EnKF filtering if sufficient computer resources are available. This new algorithm makes it practical to assimilate multisource observations into any high‐resolution coupled Earth system model that is intractable with current computing power for weather‐climate analysis and predictions.
Calcium oscillations coordinate feather mesenchymal cell movement by SHH dependent modulation of gap junction networks
Authors: Li Ang , Cho Jung-Hwa , Reid Brian , Tseng Chun-Chih , He Lian , Tan Peng , Yeh Chao-Yuan , Wu Ping , Li Yuwei , Widelitz Randall B. , Zhou Yubin , Zhao Min , Chow Robert H. , Chuong Cheng-Ming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCollective cell migration mediates multiple tissue morphogenesis processes. Yet how multi-dimensional mesenchymal cell movements are coordinated remains mostly unknown. Here we report that coordinated mesenchymal cell migration during chicken feather elongation is accompanied by dynamic changes of bioelectric currents. Transcriptome profiling and functional assays implicate contributions from functional voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs), Connexin-43 based gap junctions, and Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels. 4-Dimensional Ca2+ imaging reveals that the Sonic hedgehog-responsive mesenchymal cells display synchronized Ca2+ oscillations, which expand progressively in area during feather elongation. Inhibiting VGCCs, gap junctions, or Sonic hedgehog signaling alters the mesenchymal Ca2+ landscape, cell movement patterns and feather bud elongation. Ca2+ oscillations induced by cyclic activation of opto-cCRAC channels enhance feather bud elongation. Functional disruption experiments and promoter analysis implicate synergistic Hedgehog and WNT/β-Catenin signaling in activating Connexin-43 expression, establishing gap junction networks synchronizing the Ca2+ profile among cells, thereby coordinating cell movement patterns.
HDX-MS reveals dysregulated checkpoints that compromise discrimination against self RNA during RIG-I mediated autoimmunity
Authors: Zheng Jie , Wang Chen , Chang Mi Ra , Devarkar Swapnil C. , Schweibenz Brandon , Crynen Gogce C. , Garcia-Ordonez Ruben D. , Pascal Bruce D. , Novick Scott J. , Patel Smita S. , Marcotrigiano Joseph , Griffin Patrick R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRetinoic acid inducible gene-I (RIG-I) ensures immune surveillance of viral RNAs bearing a 5’-triphosphate (5’ppp) moiety. Mutations in RIG-I (C268F and E373A) lead to impaired ATPase activity, thereby driving hyperactive signaling associated with autoimmune diseases. Here we report, using hydrogen/deuterium exchange, mechanistic models for dysregulated RIG-I proofreading that ultimately result in the improper recognition of cellular RNAs bearing 7-methylguanosine and N1-2’-O-methylation (Cap1) on the 5’ end. Cap1-RNA compromises its ability to stabilize RIG-I helicase and blunts caspase activation and recruitment domains (CARD) partial opening by threefold. RIG-I H830A mutation restores Cap1-helicase engagement as well as CARDs partial opening event to a level comparable to that of 5’ppp. However, E373A RIG-I locks the receptor in an ATP-bound state, resulting in enhanced Cap1-helicase engagement and a sequential CARDs stimulation. C268F mutation renders a more tethered ring architecture and results in constitutive CARDs signaling in an ATP-independent manner.
Practice and perspectives in the validation of resource management models
Authors: Eker Sibel , Rovenskaya Elena , Obersteiner Michael , Langan Simon 
Published: December 2018

AbstractQuantitative modelling is commonly used to assist the policy dimension of sustainability problems. Validation is an important step to make models credible and useful. To investigate existing validation viewpoints and approaches, we analyse a broad academic literature and conduct a survey among practitioners. We find that empirical data plays an important role in the validation practice in all main areas of sustainability science. Qualitative and participatory approaches that can enhance usefulness and public reliability are much less visible. Data-oriented validation is prevalent even when models are used for scenario exploration. Usefulness regarding a given task is more important for model developers than for users. As the experience of modellers and users increases, they tend to better acknowledge the decision makers’ demand for clear communication of assumptions and uncertainties. These findings provide a reflection on current validation practices and are expected to facilitate communication at the modelling and decision-making interface.
Ultimate limit in size and performance of WSe2 vertical diodes
Authors: Nazir Ghazanfar , Kim Hakseong , Kim Jihwan , Kim Kyoung Soo , Shin Dong Hoon , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Lee Dong Su , Hwang Jun Yeon , Hwang Chanyong , Suh Junho , Eom Jonghwa , Jung Suyong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPrecise doping-profile engineering in van der Waals heterostructures is a key element to promote optimal device performance in various electrical and optical applications with two-dimensional layered materials. Here, we report tungsten diselenide- (WSe2) based pure vertical diodes with atomically defined p-, i- and n-channel regions. Externally modulated p- and n-doped layers are respectively formed on the bottom and the top facets of WSe2 single crystals by direct evaporations of high and low work-function metals platinum and gadolinium, thus forming atomically sharp p–i–n heterojunctions in the homogeneous WSe2 layers. As the number of layers increases, charge transport through the vertical WSe2 p–i–n heterojunctions is characterized by a series of quantum tunneling events; direct tunneling, Fowler–Nordheim tunneling, and Schottky emission tunneling. With optimally selected WSe2 thickness, our vertical heterojunctions show superb diode characteristics of an unprecedentedly high current density and low turn-on voltages while maintaining good current rectification.
Unconventional magneto-transport in ultrapure PdCoO2 and PtCoO2
Authors: Nandi Nabhanila , Scaffidi Thomas , Kushwaha Pallavi , Khim Seunghyun , Barber Mark E. , Sunko Veronika , Mazzola Federico , King Philip D. C. , Rosner Helge , Moll Philip J. W. , König Markus , Moore Joel E. , Hartnoll Sean , Mackenzie Andrew P. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe single-band, quasi-two dimensional metals PdCoO2 and PtCoO2 have recently come to prominence because of their extremely long mean free paths, which establish them as some of the most electronically pure materials known, and as potential hosts of previously unobservable regimes of electronic transport. To fully establish their magnetotransport properties, we have studied the magnetoresistance and Hall effect in bulk single crystals to which electrical contacts have been made with high precision using focused ion beam machining. We observe a strong temperature dependence of the Hall resistivity in small applied fields, linked to a large violation of Kohler’s rule in the magnetoresistance. We discuss the extent to which these observations can be accounted for by standard transport theory.
Deficiency of apoptosis-stimulating protein two of p53 promotes liver regeneration in mice by activating mammalian target of rapamycin
Authors: Shi Hongbo , Zhang Yizhi , Ji Jing , Xu Ping , Shi Honglin , Yue Xiujuan , Ren Feng , Chen Yu , Duan Zhongping , Chen Dexi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlthough liver regeneration has been intensively studied in various ways, the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration remain elusive. Apoptosis-stimulating protein two of p53 (ASPP2) was discovered as a binding partner of p53 and plays an important role in regulating cell apoptosis and growth. However, the role of ASPP2 in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration has not been reported. The expression profile of ASPP2 was measured in a mouse model with 70% partial hepatectomy (PHX). Liver regeneration and hepatocyte proliferation were detected in wild-type (ASPP2+/+) and ASPP2 haploinsufficient (ASPP2+/−) mice with PHX. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and autophagy pathways were analyzed in the ASPP2+/+ and ASPP2+/− mice with PHX. After rapamycin or 3-methyladenine (3-MA) treatment, hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration were analyzed in the ASPP2+/+ and ASPP2+/− mice with PHX. ASPP2 expression was shown to be upregulated at the early stage and downregulated at the late stage. Compared to the ASPP2+/+ mice, liver regeneration was enhanced in ASPP2+/− mice with 70% PHX. In addition, compared to the ASPP2+/+ mice, the mTORC1 pathway was significantly upregulated and the autophagic pathway was downregulated in ASPP2+/−mice with 70% PHX. Inhibition of the mTORC1 pathway significantly suppressed liver regeneration in ASPP2+/− mice with 70% PHX. In contrast, disruption of the autophagic pathway further enhanced liver regeneration in ASPP2+/− mice with 70% PHX. ASPP2 deficiency can promote liver regeneration through activating the mTORC1 pathway, which further regulates downstream molecules, such as those related to autophagy and p70S6K expression in mouse model post-PHX.
Tropane alkaloids GC/MS analysis and low dose elicitors’ effects on hyoscyamine biosynthetic pathway in hairy roots of Algerian Datura species
Authors: Harfi Boualem , Khelifi Lakhdar , Khelifi-Slaoui Majda , Assaf-Ducrocq Corinne , Gontier Eric 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPlant secondary metabolites play a major role in plant adaptation to stress. Species belonging to Solanaceae family and Datura genus produce tropane alkaloids: D. stramonium, D. tatula and D. innoxia. These species are cultivated for their hyoscyamine (HS) content, whence the interest of this study to induce transformed roots of these species with strain A4 of Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Hairy roots (HRs) of Datura were established at high frequency by infecting vitroplants. All HRs (343 independent lines) were next employed to study the production of HS and growth. A screening of HRs alkaloid content by GC/MS is performed; it reveals, for the first time, the production of 13 alkaloids by the selected root lines. The selection of high productive line offers an interesting option to enhance the productivity. As HS is the dominant compound, the lines of Datura species were selected for their characteristics for biomass and HS production. The elicitors salicylic acid (SA) and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) were also used to increase HS production. The results showed that the optimal concentration of the two elicitors (AS and ASA) was 0.1 mM. The highest HS content (17.94 ± 0.14 mg g−1 D.W.) obtained in HRs of D. tatula treated with 0.1 mM of acetyl salicylic acid.
Auditory figure-ground analysis in rostral belt and parabelt of the macaque monkey
Authors: Schneider Felix , Dheerendra Pradeep , Balezeau Fabien , Ortiz-Rios Michael , Kikuchi Yukiko , Petkov Christopher I. , Thiele Alexander , Griffiths Timothy D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSegregating the key features of the natural world within crowded visual or sound scenes is a critical aspect of everyday perception. The neurobiological bases for auditory figure-ground segregation are poorly understood. We demonstrate that macaques perceive an acoustic figure-ground stimulus with comparable performance to humans using a neural system that involves high-level auditory cortex, localised to the rostral belt and parabelt.
Targetting an LncRNA P5848-ENO1 axis inhibits tumor growth in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Xidan , Yu Hui , Li Baolin , Quan Jing , Zeng Zhangrui , Li Guangrong , Liu Jinbo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high recurrence rate and poor clinical outcome after currently used therapies, including radiofrequency ablation. To explore the possible mechanisms for the relapse of HCC, in the present study we focussed on long non-coding RNA (LncRNA), which has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. We identified an LncRNA P5848, whose expression level was up-regulated in tumor samples from HCC patients after radiofrequency ablation. As such, we speculated that LncRNA P5848 may play a role in tumor growth. Here we showed that LncRNA P5848, whose up-regulation can lead to HCC cancer cell proliferation and migration. In vitro and in vivo overexpression of LncRNA P5848 promoted cell growth, cell survival, and cell invasion, whereas LncRNA P5848 depletion exerts opposite effects. Mechanistically, we have found that ENO1 was the target of LncRNA P5848. LncRNA P5848 up-regulated the gene and protein expression level of ENO1, promoting tumor growth and cell survival. However, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ENO1 counteracted the effects of LncRNA P5848 on cancer cell growth, cell survival, and migration. Taken together, LncRNA P5848 promotes HCC development by up-regulating ENO1, indicating that LncRNA P5848-ENO1 axis is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.
LncRNA TP73-AS1 promoted the progression of lung adenocarcinoma via PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Liu Chunfeng , Ren Lei , Deng Jun , Wang Songping 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) is one of the most common malignancies that threats human health worldwide. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play significant roles in tumorigenesis and might be novel biomarkers and targets for diagnosis and treatment of cancers. TP73-AS1 is a newly discovered lncRNA involved in the tumorigenesis and development of several cancers. However, its role in LAD has not been investigated yet. In the present study, we first found that TP73-AS1 expression was markedly increased in LAD tissues and cell lines and its overexpression was strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Then the loss/gain-of-function assays elucidated that TP73-AS1 contributed to cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro, and the in vivo experiments illustrated that its knockdown inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. What was more, we discovered that phosphoinositide 3-kinase and AKT (PI3K/AKT) pathway was activated both in LAD tissues and cell lines but inactivated under TP73-AS1 silence. Moreover, the activation of this pathway could rescue the inhibitory effects of TP73-AS1 suppression on LAD cellular processes partially. These data suggested that TP73-AS1 served as an oncogene in LAD partially through activating PI3K/AKT pathway and it could be a potential target for diagnosis and treatment of LAD.
Dual‐band antenna with improved gain for WLAN and ISM applications
Authors: Bekasiewicz A. , Koziel S. 
Published: December 2018

In this Letter, a dual‐band antenna with an improved gain is proposed. The structure features 9.7 and 10.4 dBi gain within 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz and 5 GHz to 6 GHz bands, respectively. This makes it suitable for WLAN and ISM applications. The structure comprises an asymmetrical pair of radiators and slots suspended over a reflector. The antenna is optimised in a two‐stage process using a trust‐region‐based gradient search algorithm. The design is compared to the state‐of‐the‐art radiators reported in the literature. The numerical results are validated through measurements of the fabricated antenna prototype.
Bandwidth enhancement of low‐profile SIW cavity antenna using fraction modes
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong 
Published: December 2018

A low‐profile substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity antenna with enhanced bandwidth is proposed. Three slots are etched to divide a single cavity into multiple sub‐cavities. Four fraction modes including a half mode, a quarter mode and two‐eighth modes are excited by a capacitively coupled feeding. Bandwidth enhancement can be achieved when these fraction modes have close frequencies and couple with each other. A fabricated prototype centred at 3.55 GHz has been measured. With the size of 0.43λ0 × 0.43λ0 × 0.04λ0, the proposed design achieves the bandwidth of 13.5% and an efficiency of 85%. The proposed antenna has advantages of low profile, enhanced bandwidth and high efficiency, which is a good candidate for the fifth generation wireless systems.
200°C normally off AlGaN/GaN MISFET with 321 mA/mm drain current density and 1055 V breakdown voltage
Authors: Xu Zhe , Zhou Yang , Li Juntao 
Published: December 2018

A high‐performance normally off recess‐gated aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN)/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MISFET) is successfully demonstrated with operation temperature of 200°C which was fabricated by using a self‐terminating gate recess etching technique. At 200°C, by employing a high‐quality aluminium oxide/silicon nitride bilayer as gate dielectrics, the fabricated device exhibits a high threshold voltage of 4.5 V, a high drain current density of 321 mA/mm, a low off‐state leakage current of 20 μA/mm as well as a high on/off current ratio of ∼106. Furthermore, a high forward gate breakdown voltage of 23.6 V (∼7.9 MV/cm) and an off‐state breakdown voltage as high as 1055 V are obtained in the fabricated device, both of which, as far as it is known, is the highest reported value in normally off GaN devices operated at 200°C. The high threshold voltage, large drain current density, low off‐state leakage current, high gate breakdown voltage as well as high off‐state breakdown voltage make this normally off recess‐gated AlGaN/GaN MISFET very suitable for high‐temperature power switch applications.
Distributed power system stabiliser for multimachine power systems
Authors: Tu Ganggang , Li Yanjun , Xiang Ji , Ma Jin 
Published: December 2018

Power system stabiliser (PSS) widely used to enhance the stability of power systems is based on the feedback of rotor speed error with respect to the rated value. However in many occasions, after the disturbances, it is desirable to re‐synchronise all generators first rather than to make all generators back to the rated 50/60 Hz immediately. This study proposed a distributed power system stabiliser (DPSS) that aims to synchronise generators by the feedback of relative rotor speed errors of each generator with respect to its neighbouring generators. The proposed DPSS is analysed on a double machine infinite bus system, and shows that the proposed DPSS can enhance the stability of power systems by increasing the synchronising torque. To evaluate the efficiency of proposed method, the proposed DPSS is tested on three benchmark systems. The simulation results verify the efficacy of theoretical analysis, show the outperformance of DPSS over other PSSs, and demonstrate the superiority of re‐synchronising generators over making them back to rated value in the post‐fault. Communication issues have also been evaluated, which demonstrates the robustness of DPSS against both communication failures and random delays.
Efficient processing of distance–time k th‐order skyline queries in bicriteria networks
Authors: Zheng Jiping , Jiang Shunqing , Chen Jialiang , Yu Wei 
Published: December 2018

With the increasing complexity of traffic conditions in road networks, the nearest destination cannot be necessarily reached in the fastest time. The traditional nearest neighbor (NN) and k NN searches in spatial network databases with single cost criterion are often strongly restrictive. In this paper, the authors consider the problem of k th‐order skyline queries in bicriteria networks, where edges represent road segments. Their proposed k th‐order skyline queries consider distance, time preferences of each edge, thus having two kinds of skyline queries, named distance optimal k th‐order skyline query (DO‐k OSQ) and time optimal k th‐OSQ (TO‐k OSQ). They design algorithms for the two kinds of skyline queries in bicriteria networks based on incremental network expansion method and further develop a maximum distance/time restriction strategy to improve the efficiency of the algorithms. Experimental results show that all of their methods are far below 1000 input–output input/output (IO) accesses and 1 s of central processing unit (CPU) time. For real road networks, their k OSQ+ queries need only 51.6% IO accesses and 59.6% CPU time of those for k OSQ queries, whereas for the larger road network the percentages are 51.8% and 51.2%, respectively. Thus, the results indicate the efficiency and effectiveness of their proposed methods.
Investigation of the stellar content in the IRAS 05168+3634 star-forming region
Authors: Azatyan N. M. 
Published: December 2018

Aims. We report the investigation results of the structure and content of a molecular cloud surrounding the source IRAS 05168+3634 (also known as Mol 9).
Methods. We present a photometric analysis using the data of J, H, K UKIDSS, [3.6], [4.5] μm Spitzer-IRAC and 3.4, 4.6, 12, 22 μm WISE databases. A multi-color criteria was used to identify the candidates of young stellar objects (YSOs) in the molecular cloud; in addition to IRAS 05168+3634, there are four IRAS sources embedded in the same molecular cloud. Color–magnitude diagrams and the K luminosity function (KLF) were used to determine the basic parameters of stellar objects (spectral classes, masses, ages). To study the YSOs with longer wavelength photometry the radiative transfer models were used.
Results. Based on color–color and color–magnitude diagrams, we identified a rich population of embedded YSO candidates with infrared excess (Class 0/I and Class II) and their characteristics in a quite large molecular cloud located in a region of 24 arcmin radius. The molecular cloud includes 240 candidates of YSOs within the radii of subregions around five IRAS sources. The local distribution of identified YSOs in the molecular cloud frequently shows elongation and subclustering. The observed young subregions and parental molecular cloud morphologies are similar, especially when only the youngest Class I/0 sources are considered. The color–magnitude diagrams of the subregions suggest a very young stellar population. We construct the KLF of the subregions except for the IRAS 05162+3639 region and it shows unusually low values for α slope: 0.12–0.21. According to the values of the slopes of the KLFs, the age of the subregions can be estimated at 0.1–3 Myr. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) are constructed for 45 Class I and 75 Class II evolutionary stage YSOs and the received parameters of these YSOs are well correlated with the results obtained by other methods. According to the results of SED fitting tool, the sources IRAS 05184+3635, IRAS 05177+3636, and IRAS 05162+3639 can be classified as Class I evolutionary stage objects. IRAS 05168+3634 and IRAS 05156+3643 can be classified as flat-spectrum objects.