bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are patterns of flower differentiation in response to nutrient supply and pollen concentration optimal for fruit and seed growth?
Authors: Gao Lei , Zhai Jun Jie , Yu Guo Zhu , Li Wei Hua , Peng Chang Lian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Changes in the proportions of male and female flowers in monoecious plants in response to external environmental conditions are directly related to the reproductive fitness of plants. The monoecious cucumber plant was used in this study to assess the responses of sex differentiation and the breeding process to nutrient supply and the degree of artificial pollination using pollen solutions of different concentrations. Results We found that the nutrient supply significantly increased the number of female flowers after pollination, although the number of female flowers did not increase with the concentration of the pollination solution. The number of male flowers did not decrease even under the low nutrient concentration; consequently, the optimal benefits under different nutrient and pollen resources in the environment were maximized when the number of female flowers decreased due to low nutrient levels after pollination. Pollination treatment affected the fruit growth, seed set, and fruit yield. However, the number of fruit, fruit set percentage, and total seeds per plant did not increase with the pollination level, although the fruit weight and seed number in one fruit did increase. The trade-offs for cucumbers associated with flower differentiation with respect to nutrient supply and pollination may not be optimal for fruit growth or seed set. Conclusions It is concluded that the response of plant flowering to external factors is direct and instantaneous, and there may not be an overall and long-term resource allocation for fruit development and seed formation.
International Classification of External Causes of Injury: a cross sectional study on its coverage rate in Iran
Authors: Salehi Fatemeh , Ahmadian Leila , Padidar Shabnam 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Injuries are a major health issue worldwide and their prevention requires access to accurate statistics in this area. This can be achieved by using the data collected through the international classification systems. This study aimed at investigating the coverage rate of the International Classification of External Causes of Injury (ICECI) regarding the external causes of injury in Shahid Bahonar Hospital.Method This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 322 injured individuals visiting the emergency unit of Shahid Bahonar Hospital. The data were gathered through patients’ records, a designed form and interviews. The collected data were encoded based on the ICECI textbook by two encoders. Their agreement rate was calculated using the Kappa estimate of agreement. The coverage rate of the classification system and the degree of completeness of the required data for encoding in the patients’ records was measured. Data were analyzed by the SPSS software, ver. 19.Results The findings showed that 70% of the studied external causes of injury were covered by the ICECI system. Among the 322 cases, 138 (43%) had been referred due to car accidents. The injured were mostly drivers of land transport vehicles who had been unintentionally involved in a car accident. The least mechanism for injury was bite injury with 5 (2%) cases which had occurred at home or public transport with a similar rate and totally unintentional. ICECI was capable of classifying 92% of the data related to incident causes. The most incongruous coverage of this system belonged to the "activity when injured" axis (n=18). Lack of precise data recording in the medical files resulted in missing data in at least one of the axis of the incident causes in most records.Conclusion Given that some information regarding the external cause of injury was not categorized by the ICECI system, this research can identify the shortcomings of the system and help its developers to amend it in future revisions.
Isolation and characterization of canine distemper virus from clinical domestic dogs in Addis Ababa pet clinics, Ethiopia
Authors: shurbe mesfin urda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Canine Distemper is infectious, highly contagious viral disease of canine and feline species with worldwide occurrence, having characteristics of systemic signs with frequent nervous dysfunction. However, the previous studies have underreported canine distemper status in Ethiopia together with its strain makes this study mandatory. Therefore, the principal aim of the present study was to find out the occurrence of CD from clinical dogs in association with other cases in Addis Ababa pet clinics. Results: Out of the 150 dogs that are brought to different Addis Ababa pet clinics, 70 cases (46.66%) were identified to have signs suggestive of CDV infection. Of all the 70 suspected cases of CD, ocular and nasal discharge swab samples were collected and screened by FASTest DISTEMPER Strip kit test for the presence of canine distemper virus. Of the screened samples, 16 (22.86%) were positive for canine distemper. Samples that were positive for FASTest DISTEMPER Strip kit test were further confirmed using cell culture in Vero cell as gold standard technique. Out of the 16 screened positive samples inoculated in Vero cells, 12 specimen (75%) showed Cytopathic effects (CPE) in the form of Syncytia formation within 24 and 48 hours of inoculation while the rest 4 negative samples were passaged in Vero cell three times before declaring negative. Uninoculated negative controls included in each run did not show any effects. Conclusion: The present study revealed the existence of CD in the study area, showing 16 positive domestic dogs out of 70 cases do not received periodic immunization according to CD strains. Besides this, CD is chief disease of local domestic dogs relative to exotic breed. Therefore isolation of clinical domestic dogs from healthy ones, good management practice, public awareness creation about the disease, routine immunization of animals according to circulating strains of CD is mandatory. Key word : CDV, Cytopathic Effects, Dog, FASTest DISTEMPER Strip kit test
Regulatory Roles of Differentially Expressed MicroRNAs in Metabolic Processes in Negative Lens-Induced Myopia Guinea Pigs
Authors: Guo Dadong , Ding Meihua , Song Xiaoli , Sun Yuanyuan , Li Guoping , Hu Wanli , Li Zonghong , Wu Jianfeng , Jiang Wenjun , Bi Hongsheng 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Myopia is the most common vision defects and the leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. microRNAs can regulate the target gene expressions, influencing the development of diseases. However, the roles of differentially expressed microRNAs in the development of myopia in lens-induced myopia (LIM) guinea pigs remain still unclear.
Methods: We first established a negative LIM guinea pig model after induction for 2 weeks. Further, we isolated sclera to purify total messenger RNA (mRNA) in both LIM and LIM fellow sclera. Using next generation sequencing technique and bioinformatics analysis, we identified the differentially expressed microRNAs in LIM guinea pigs, performed the bioinformatics annotation for the differentially expressed microRNAs, and validated the expressions of differentially expressed microRNAs.
Results: We successfully established a negative LIM model in guinea pigs, identified 27 differentially expressed microRNAs in LIM guinea pig sclera, including 10 up-regulated and 17 down-regulated microRNAs. The KEGG annotation showed the main signaling pathways were closely associated with PPAR signaling, pyruvate and propanoate metabolisms, and TGF-beta signaling pathways.
Conclusions: In summary, we found the development of myopia is mainly involved in the disorder of metabolic processes in LIM guinea pigs. The PPAR signaling, pyruvate and propanoate metabolism pathways may play a role in the development of myopia.
Species Delimitation and evolutionary history of tree frogs in the Hyla chinensis-group (Hylidae, Amphibian)
Authors: Pan Tao , Wu Guiyou , Kang Xing , Yan Peng , Ali Izaz , Zhou Wenliang , Li Jiatang , Wu Xiaobing , Zhang Baowei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Species are the cornerstone in many domains of biology research, which made the accurate species delimitation became critically important. In this study, the systematics and biogeography of the Hyla chinensis -group were analyzed based on phylogeny, species delimitation and ancestral area reconstruction methods.Results The phylogenetic results showed six specific clusters existed in the H. chinensis- group. BPP analysis indicated that six distinct species exist due to the high probability values (>0.95), which were also supported by the BF analysis. The divergence time of the H. chinensis -group is estimated to date back to 18.84 Mya in the early Miocene. Combining the results of ancestral area reconstruction, the H. chinensis -group might have originated from Guangxi-Hainan, then spread eastwardly and reached Nanling mountains, Wuyi mountains, Huangshan mountains and Taiwan. In rightabout colonization, it is gradually extended to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Sichuan basin, Qinling mountains and Dabie mountains. Considering the geological movement from early Miocene to Pliocene, the colonization pattern of the H. chinensis -group maybe closely related to the progressive uplift of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and historical climate change.Conclusions Our study provides evidence for species delimitation and speciation process within the H. chinensis -group. Our study supports the hypothesis that the evolutionary divergence in this species group was a consequence of the progressive uplift of QTP and environmental change.
The Influence of Job satisfaction, Resilience and Work engagement on Turnover Intention among Village Doctor in China:a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Xuewen , Bian Liyan , Bai Xue , Kong Dezhong , Liu Li , Chen Qing , li ningxiu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background As the gatekeepers of rural residents ‘health, the team of village doctors plays a vital role in improving the health level of rural residents. However, a large number of village doctor’s turnover, or even dozens of them turnover collectively, threatening the stability of the village medical team. This research evaluated the influence of job satisfaction, resilience, work engagement on turnover intention of village doctor and explored the mediating role of resilience and work engagement between job satisfaction and turnover intention among village doctor in China.Methods A quantitative study using a self-administered questionnaire containing mostly structured items was conducted among the village doctors with a sample size of 2693 from 1345 rural hospitals or clinics of Shandong province, China, during May and June 2019. All variables including demographic characteristics, job satisfaction, resilience, work engagement and turnover intention were based on literature and measured on 5- or 6-point Likert scale. Such statistical methods as one-way ANOVA, bivariate correlation, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) were used.Results As high as 46.9% of the participants had a high turnover intention and no less than 26.3% of the participants had a medium turnover intention. Job satisfaction not only has a direct negative effect on turnover intention(β=-0.37, p < 0.001), but also has an indirect effect on it through work engagement(β= -0.04, p < 0.001), work engagement has a direct negative impact on turnover intention(β= -0.13, p < 0.002), and resilience had an indirect negative effect on turnover intention through the mediating effect of work engagement(β= -0.09, p < 0.001). The results of this study strongly verified that job satisfaction, resilience, work engagement were early, powerful predicators of turnover intention.Conclusion According to the results, reasonable and fair income, effective promotion mechanism, fair social old-age security, reasonable workload, strong psychological coping mechanism for work stress, should be taken seriously to improve job satisfaction. The turnover intention of village doctors could be reduced through improving job satisfaction, resilience and work engagement.
A Trial Protocol for the Effectiveness of Digital Interventions for Preventing Depression in Adolescents: The Future Proofing Study
Authors: Werner-Seidler Aliza , Huckvale Kit , Larsen Mark E. , Calear Alison L. , Maston Kate , Johnston Lara , Torok Michelle , O’Dea Bridianne , Batterham Philip J. , Schweizer Susanne , Skinner S. Rachel , Steinbeck Katharine , Ratcliffe Julie , Oei Ju-Lee , Patton George , Wong Iana , Beames Joanne , Wong Quincy J. J. , Lingam Raghu , Boydell Katherine , Salmon Allison M. , Cockayne Nicole , Mackinnon Andrew , Christensen Helen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Depression frequently first emerges during adolescence, and one in five young people will experience an episode of depression by the age of 18 years. Despite advances in treatment, there has been limited progress in addressing the burden at a population level. Accordingly, there has been growing interest in prevention approaches as an additional pathway to address depression. Depression can be prevented using evidence-based psychological programs. However, barriers to implementing and accessing these programs remain, typically reflecting a requirement for delivery by clinical experts and high associated delivery costs. Digital technologies, specifically smartphones, are now considered a key strategy to overcome the barriers inhibiting access to mental health programs. The Future Proofing Study is a large-scale school-based trial investigating whether Cognitive Behaviour Therapies (CBT) delivered by smartphone application can prevent depression.Methods A randomized controlled trial targeting up to 20,000 Year 8 Australian secondary school students will be conducted. In Stage I, schools will be randomized at the cluster level to receive either the CBT intervention app (SPARX) or to a non-active control group comparator. The primary outcome will be symptoms of depression and secondary outcomes include psychological distress, anxiety and insomnia. At the 12-month follow-up, participants in the intervention arm with elevated depressive symptoms will participate in an individual-level RCT (Stage II) and be randomised to receive a second CBT app which targets sleep difficulties (Sleep Ninja) or a control condition. Assessments will occur at post-intervention (both trial stages), and at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48- and 60-months post-baseline. Primary analyses will use an intention-to-treat approach and compare changes in symptoms from baseline to follow-up relative to the control group using mixed effect models.Discussion This is the first trial testing the effectiveness of smartphone apps delivered to school students to prevent depression at scale. Results from this trial will provide much needed insight into the feasibility of this approach. They stand to inform policy and commission decisions concerning if and how such programs should be deployed in school-based settings in Australia and beyond.
Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with arterial stiffness in Chinese community-dwelling adults
Authors: Yang Mingzhe , Zhang Xuguang , Ding Zhenkai , Wang Feijie , Wang Yufang , Jiao Changya , Chen Jie-Hua 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether skeletal muscle mass is associated with arterial stiffness in Chinese community-dwelling men and women. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 20477 participants (age range: 45-80 years, 68.8% women) were included in the analysis. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), an indicator of arterial stiffness was measured using a waveform device. Total muscle mass and muscle mass of arm, leg and trunk were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Height and weight were measured and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) was calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (sum of arm and leg muscle mass) divided by height square. Results: After adjustment for age, body fat percentage, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, ASMI was negatively associated with baPWV [β (SE) for men: -0.208 (0.016), p < 0.0001; for women: -0.245 (0.012), p < 0.0001]. High ASMI was a protective factor for the presence of arterial stiffness (defined as baPWV) [OR (95%CI) for men: 0.730 (0.682, 0.782), p < 0.0001; women: 0.634 (0.593, 0.677), p < 0.0001]. Similar associations were found between quantity of muscle mass (total and appendicular muscle mass, muscle mass of arm, leg and trunk) and arterial stiffness in men and women after further adjustment for height (all p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with increased risk of arterial stiffness in Chinese community-dwelling adults.
Delivery service satisfaction and associated factors among mothers who gave birth at West Shewa Zone public hospitals, Ethiopia
Authors: Dida Nagasa , Bayissa Getu , Oljira Habtamu , Taye Kefyalew 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective: This study assessed mothers satisfaction towards delivery Services and its associated factors at public Hospitals found in West Shewa Zone, Ethiopia, from March 1 to April 15/2018.
Result : This study finding showed that the overall satisfaction level of mothers towards delivery service was 82.1%. Those Mother’s who planned their pregnancy were 4.93 times more satisfied with delivery service than those who did not planned (AOR: 4.93; 95% CI: 2.172-11.208). The odds of satisfaction for women who had pain management were 1.56 times higher than those who did not. Moreover, Gestational age at birth for pre-term and full term [(AOR: 0.027; 95% CI: 0.003-0.254), (AOR: 0.067; 95 % CI: 0.011-0.401)], means of transportation (use of Ambulance) (AOR: 3.785; 95% CI: 1.24-11.51) and stay in hospital (AOR: 0.10, 95% CI 0.01, 0.93) were the significant predictors of mother’s satisfaction with delivery service at the study area. Therefore notable attention should be given to those factors as they may influence the future utilization of service.
Genome-wide characterization of the rose (Rosa chinensis) WRKY family and role of RcWRKY41 in gray mold resistance
Authors: Liu Xintong , Li Dandan , Zhang Shiya , Xu Yaling , Zhang Zhao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background The WRKYs are a major family of plant transcription factors that play roles in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses; however, a comprehensive study of the WRKY family in roses (Rosa sp.) has not previously been performed.Results In the present study, we performed a genome-wide analysis of the WRKY genes in the rose (Rosa chinensis), including their phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, chromosomal locations, and collinearity. Using a phylogenetic analysis, we divided the 56 RcWRKY genes into three subgroups. The RcWRKYs were unevenly distributed across all seven rose chromosomes, and a study of their collinearity suggested that genome duplication may have played a major role in RcWRKY gene duplication. A Ka/Ks analysis indicated that they mainly underwent purifying selection. Botrytis cinerea infection induced the expression of 19 RcWRKYs, most of which had undergone gene duplication during evolution. These RcWRKYs may regulate rose resistance against B. cinerea. Based on our phylogenetic and expression analyses, RcWRKY41 was identified as a candidate regulatory gene in the response to B. cinerea infection, which was confirmed using virus-induced gene silencing.Conclusions This study provides useful information to facilitate the further study of the function of the rose WRKY gene family.
Overexpression of GmCAMTA12 enhanced drought tolerance in Arabidopsis and Soybean
Authors: Noman Muhammad , Jameel Aysha , Qiang Weidong , Ahmad Naveed , Weican Liu , Wang Fawei , Li Haiyan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Earlier, fifteen transcription factors in the CAMTA family of soybean were reported to differentially express in multiple stresses however, their functional analyses had not yet been attempted. To characterize their role in drought stress, we comprehensively analyzed GmCAMTA family in silico and determined their expression pattern after which we cloned and overexpressed the 2769 bp CDS of GmCAMTA12 in Arabidopsis and soybean and carried out drought assays.
Results: The bioinformatics analysis revealed multiple stress-related cis motifs including ABRE, SARE, G-box and W-box, 10 unique miRNA targets in GmCAMTA transcripts and 48 proteins in GmCAMTAs’ interaction network. The stably transformed homozygous lines of Arabidopsis overexpressing GmCAMTA12 exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought in soil as well as on MS media containing mannitol. In their drought assay, the average survival rate of transgenic Arabidopsis lines OE5 and OE12 (Overexpression Line 5 and Line 12) was 83.66% and 87.87% respectively, which was ~30% higher than that of wt. In addition, the germination and root length assays as well as physiological indexes such as proline and MDA contents, CAT activity and leakage of electrolytes affirmed the better performance of OE lines. Likewise, GmCAMTA12 overexpression in soybean promoted more developed hairy roots in OE chimeric plants as compare to that of VC (Vector control). In parallel, the improved growth performance of OE in Hoagland-PEG and on MS-mannitol was revealed by their phenotypic, physiological and molecular measures. Furthermore, with the overexpression of GmCAMTA12, the downstream genes including AtAnnexin5, AtCaMHSP, At2G433110 and AtWRKY14 were upregulated in Arabidopsis. Likewise, in soybean hairy roots, GmELO, GmNAB and GmPLA1-IId were significantly upregulated as a result of GmCAMTA12 overexpression and majority of these upregulated genes in both plants possess CAMTA binding CGCG/CGTG motif in their promoters.
Conclusions: Taken together, we report that GmCAMTA12 plays substantial role in tolerance of soybean against drought stress and could prove as a novel candidate for engineering of soybean and other plants against drought stress. Some research gaps were also identified for future studies to extend our comprehension of Ca-CaM-CAMTA-mediated stress regulatory mechanisms.