bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dificuldades de aprendizagem em itens de uma prova de Didática Geral de futuros professores
Authors: Núñes Isauro Beltran , Ramalho Betania Leite 
Published: July 2018

No presente estudo, são apresentados os erros e as dificuldades de aprendizagem a eles associadas, detectados em respostas de futuros professores do ensino fundamental em itens de conhecimentos da Didática Geral numa prova de um concurso público. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise de desempenho e de erros (NÚÑEZ; RAMALHO, 2012), associando-se possíveis dificuldades de aprendizagem que podem explicar a ocorrência desses erros. Os dados empíricos foram fornecidos pela Comissão Permanente de Concursos da UFRN (Comperve/UFRN). Os resultados evidenciam um baixo desempenho nas questões da prova e revelam erros e dificuldades relacionados ao objeto da Didática Crítica, ao.s fundamentos do ensino com base nas ideias da escola Histórico Cultural de L. S. Vigotsky, à organização dos conteúdos e à formação de atitudes, entre outras. Esses resultados podem ser referência para se pensar a formação inicial dos professores em relação ao conhecimento profissional da Didática Geral como dimensão essencial da futura atividade de ensino nas escolas.
The role of sleep deprivation and fatigue in the perception of task difficulty and use of heuristics
Authors: Engle-Friedman Mindy , Mathew Gina Marie , Martinova Anastasia , Armstrong Forrest , Konstantinov Viktoriya 
Published: July 2018

Objectives This study investigated the effects of sleep deprivation on perception of task difficulty and use of heuristics (mental shortcuts) compared to naturally-experienced sleep at home. Methods: Undergraduate students were screened and assigned through block-random assignment to Naturally-Experienced Sleep (NES; n=19) or Total Sleep Deprivation (TSD; n=20). The next morning, reported fatigue, perception of task difficulty, and use of “what-is-beautiful-is-good,” “greedy algorithm,” and “speed-accuracy trade-off” heuristics were assessed. Results: NES slept for an average of 354.74 minutes (SD=72.84), or 5.91 hours. TSD rated a reading task as significantly more difficult and requiring more time than NES. TSD was significantly more likely to use the greedy algorithm heuristic by skipping instructions and the what-is-beautiful-is-good heuristic by rating an unattractive consumer item with a favorable review as poor quality. Those in Total Sleep Deprivation who chose more difficult math problems made this selection to finish the task more quickly in findings approaching significance, indicating use of the speed-accuracy trade-off heuristic. Collapsed across conditions, self-reported fatigue predicted greater perceived difficulty in both the reading task and a visuo-motor task, higher quality rating for the attractive consumer item, and lower quality rating for the unattractive consumer item. Conclusions: Findings indicate sleep deprivation and fatigue increase perceptions of task difficulty, promote skipping instructions, and impair systematic evaluation of unappealing stimuli compared to naturally-experienced sleep.
Heat Source Modeling for FCAW of Fillet Joints using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Gadagi Amith , Mandal Nisith Ranjan 
Published: July 2018

The present work deals with the prediction of heat source parameters of Goldak's double ellipsoidal model for flux cored arc welded fillet joints through an artificial neural network (ANN). Extensive experiments were carried out on low-carbon mild steel plates of thickness ranging from 3 mm to 10 mm. In each case, welding current (I), voltage (V), and speed (υ) were recorded as the welding parameters. The flux cored arc welding of fillet joint was carried out using 100% CO2 as the shielding gas. This work is based on the simple and fundamental presumption that the weld pool is the primary source of heat which is delivered from the welding arc. Therefore, the magnitude and distribution of heat can be defined through the weld pool dimensions. Hence, these dimensions were directly considered for determining the heat source ellipsoid parameters. These parameters, namely, front double ellipsoidal length (Cf), rear double ellipsoidal length (Cr), half-width of the heat source (a), and depth of the heat source (b) were measured from the welded specimens. Furthermore, the ANN model was trained and tested for the prediction of the heat source parameters. The ANN predicted data were in good agreement with the measured values. Subsequently, the ANN model was used to predict the parametric dimensions of the double ellipsoidal heat source model for a set of welding parameters. The temperature history numerically computed with the ANN-predicted parametric dimensions of the double ellipsoidal heat source model compared very well with the measured data. The proposed ANN structure, therefore, can be gainfully used as a tool for the prediction of parametric dimensions of the double ellipsoidal heat source model in case of gas metal arc welding with 100% CO2 as the shielding medium for a plate thickness range of 3–10 mm.

1. Introduction
Flux cored arc welding (FCAW) is extensively used in various fabrication industries, including the ship building industry. It is widely used in semiautomatic mode for fabrication of, among other things, stiffened flat and curved panels. These are fabricated by butt welding of the plates followed by fillet welding of the longitudinal and transverse stiffeners. In thin panel fabrication, it may lead to weld induced buckling. Hence, to assess the possible behaviour during fabrication of the stiffened panels, numerical simulation is often carried out. The computation of temperature field is at the heart of numerical simulation of weld-induced distortion and residual stress. Thus, it is very important to have a model for accurate prediction of the temperature field. The temperature field again depends on the distribution and quantum of heat that gets delivered from the welding arc to the weld joint. This calls for developing a heat source model that represents the heat distribution and its magnitude as accurately as possible.
Iron‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Borylation of Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Wei Duo , Carboni Bertrand , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Darcel Christophe 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe catalytic system based on Fe(OTf)2 (2.5 mol%) and DABCO (1 mol%) selectively promotes the dehydrogenative borylation of both aromatic and aliphatic terminal alkynes to afford alkynylboronate derivatives in the presence of 1 equiv. of pinacolborane at 100 °C in toluene. This methodology is applicable to a variety of terminal alkynes (16 examples, yield: 62–93%).magnified image
Homoleptic Trifluoromethyl Derivatives of AgI and AgIII
Authors: Joven‐Sancho Daniel , Baya Miguel , Martín Antonio , Menjón Babil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe homoleptic silver(I) compound [PPh4][CF3AgCF3] (1) provides a convenient entry to the homoleptic silver(III) derivative [PPh4][Ag(CF3)4] (2). Once isolated as pure substances, these compounds exhibit marked thermal stabilities. Their structural and spectroscopic properties have been experimentally established. Moreover, their electronic structures have been calculated by theoretical methods. The electronic structure of the oxidized species [Ag(CF3)4]− provides a new case of ligand‐field inversion caused by the CF3 ligands.
A conceptual framework for ecological responses to groundwater regime alteration (FERGRA)
Authors: Kath Jarrod , Boulton Andrew J. , Harrison Evan T. , Dyer Fiona J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGlobally, the provision of groundwater‐supported ecosystem services is threatened by climate change, water extraction, and other activities that alter groundwater regimes (defined as temporal dynamics in groundwater pressures, storage, and levels). Research on how altered groundwater regimes affect the ecology and ecosystem services of diverse groundwater‐dependent ecosystems (GDEs) is currently fragmented with little integration across different GDEs, hampering our ability to understand and manage ecological responses to anthropogenic changes to groundwater regimes. To address this, we present a framework for assessing ecological responses to groundwater regime alteration (FERGRA). FERGRA is a logical approach to investigating how alterations to groundwater regimes change the timing, variability, duration, frequency, and magnitude of groundwater connections to different GDEs, in turn affecting their ecological processes and ecosystem service provision. Using FERGRA, multiple GDEs can be assessed concurrently, optimizing their integrated management. Unifying the concepts of ecological responses to altered groundwater regimes and groundwater connections of different GDEs across the landscape, FERGRA provides a framework for (a) organizing the currently fragmented research on GDEs to better identify commonalities and knowledge gaps, (b) formulating and testing hypotheses for quantifying ecological responses to groundwater regime alteration in GDEs to derive general principles to guide research and management, and (c) facilitating assessments of the trade‐offs between the benefits of groundwater extraction (e.g., to support mining and agriculture) versus conservation of GDEs to protect other ecosystem services.
Routine blood tests during pregnancy for predicting future increases in risk of cardiovascular morbidity
Authors: Yuval Bar‐Asher Shira , Shefer Alexander , Shoham‐Vardi Ilana , Sergienko Ruslan , Wolak Arik , Sheiner Eyal , Wolak Talya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between routine blood tests during pregnancy and future risk of cardiovascular morbidity.MethodsThe present case–control study was conducted among women who delivered at a teaching hospital in Israel between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2012. The cohort comprised women who were subsequently hospitalized owing to cardiovascular morbidity (case group) and age‐matched non‐hospitalized women (control group). Blood levels of creatinine, glucose, potassium, urea, and uric acid were measured during pregnancy. Only women with at least one test result available for all five measurements were included. The relationship between upper quartile blood test values and cardiovascular hospitalization was assessed.ResultsThe study included 4115 women (212 in the case group and 3903 in the control group). Three measures were associated with a future risk of cardiovascular morbidity requiring hospitalization: creatinine (hazard ratio [HR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37–2.53; P<0.001); potassium (HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.09–2.01; P=0.013), and urea (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.17–2.19; P=0.003). The number of blood test results in the upper quartile also increased such risk. The HRs for two tests and at least three tests were 1.65 (95% CI 1.06–2.56; P=0.026) and 3.32 (95% CI 2.19–5.04; P<0.001), respectively.ConclusionsFuture cardiovascular morbidity was predicted by routine blood tests during pregnancy.
Artisanal gold‐mining in a rural environment: Land degradation in Kenya
Authors: Odumo Benjamin Okang' , Nanos Nikos , Carbonell Gregoria , Torrijos Manuel , Patel Jayanti Purshottam , Rodríguez Martín José Antonio 
Published: July 2018

AbstractArtisanal gold‐mining (AGM) is one of the most important activities in the districts of Migori and Transmara (Kenya). Gold‐mining, however, is known to release vast quantities of arsenic and metals (some of which are very toxic like As, Hg, Cd, or Pb), which poses a serious threat to not only miners but also to the ecosystem and local populations. We, herein, determine the concentrations of arsenic and some heavy metals in several sample types (i.e., ore, soil, river sediment, and mine tailing) collected from the districts of Migori and Transmara. We also employ lichens and mosses as pollution bioindicators. Geostatistical tools and canonical correlation analysis were used to identify the relevant factors that affected arsenic and metal concentrations in the analysed samples. The following concentration ranges were reported in topsoil: As (1–17,250 mg kg−1), Cd (0.01–15.10 mg kg−1), Cu (7–9,238 mg kg−1), Cr (1–214 mg kg−1), Ni (5–766 mg kg−1), Pb (3–1,149 mg kg−1), and Zn (22–1,271 mg kg−1). It was concluded that the ecosystem in both districts was highly polluted by heavy metals whereas the arsenic concentrations in topsoil were among the highest reported worldwide. The results of this study provide new evidence on the impact of AGM on the environment and may further contribute to the design of policy measures with the aim of reducing environmental and human health risks associated to AGM activities.
Use Of Ankle Immobilization In Evaluating Treatments To Promote Longitudinal Muscle Growth In Mice
Authors: Tinklenberg Jennifer , Beatka Margaret , Bain James L. W. , Siebers Emily M. , Meng Hui , Pearsall R. Scott , Lawlor Michael W. , Riley Danny A. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Difficulty in modeling congenital contractures (deformities of muscle‐tendon unit development that include shortened muscles and lengthened tendons) has limited research of new treatments. Methods: Early immobilization of the ankle in prepuberal mice was used to produce deformities similar to congenital contractures. Stretch treatment, electrostimulation, and local intramuscular injection of a follistatin analog (FST‐288) were assessed as therapeutic interventions for these deformities. Results: Ankle immobilization at full plantarflexion and 90 ° created tendon lengthening and muscle shortening in the tibialis anterior and soleus. Stretch treatment produced minimal evidence for longitudinal muscle growth and electrostimulation provided no additional benefit. Stretch treatment with FST‐288 produced greater longitudinal muscle growth and less tendon lengthening, constituting the best treatment response. Discussion: Ankle immobilization recapitulates key morphologic features of congenital contracture, and these features can be mitigated by a combination of stretch and pharmacological approaches that may be useful in patients. Muscle Nerve 58: 718–725, 2018
Usefulness of intermittent clomiphene citrate treatment for women with polycystic ovarian syndrome that is resistant to standard clomiphene citrate treatment
Authors: Takasaki Akihisa , Tamura Isao , Okada‐Hayashi Maki , Orita Takeshi , Tanabe Manabu , Maruyama Shoko , Shimamura Katsunori , Morioka Hitoshi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPurposeClomiphene citrate (CC) has been used as a first‐line treatment for anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, some patients with PCOS are resistant to standard CC treatment. In this study, a new CC treatment protocol was developed, named “intermittent CC treatment” (ICT) and its efficacy was investigated on the induction of follicular growth in patients with PCOS who were resistant to standard CC treatment.MethodsOf the 42 patients with PCOS who were resistant to standard CC treatment (50 mg/day, 5 days), 26 underwent ICT. They were given 100 mg/day of CC for 5 days from the next menstrual cycle day (MCD) 5 (first CC). If follicular growth was not observed on MCD 14, they were given 100 mg/day of CC for 5 days (MCD 14‐MCD 18) (second CC). If follicular growth still was not observed on MCD 23, they were treated with CC again in the same way (third CC).ResultsThe first CC, second CC, and third CC were effective for 3/26 (11.5%) patients, 12/23 (52.2%) patients, and 6/11 (54.5%) patients, respectively. In total, ICT was effective for 21/26 (80.8%) patients with CC‐resistant PCOS.ConclusionThus, ICT is a useful treatment and could be an alternative to gonadotropin therapy for patients with CC‐resistant PCOS.
Adrenal Insufficiency in Young Children: a Mixed Methods Study of Parents’ Experiences
Authors: Simpson Amy , Ross Richard , Porter John , Dixon Simon , Whitaker Martin J. , Hunter Amy 
Published: July 2018

AbstractResearch into adrenal insufficiency (AI) and congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) in children has focused largely on clinical consequences for patients; and until recently, the wider experience of the condition from the perspective of other family members has been neglected. In a mixed methods study, we captured the experiences of parents of young children affected by AI/CAH, including their views on the psychosocial impact of living with and managing the condition. Semi‐structured interviews were carried out in the UK and an online survey was developed, translated and disseminated through support groups (UK and the Netherlands) and outpatient endocrinology clinics (Germany). Challenges associated with diagnosis, treatment, support and the future were identified. For UK parents, the diagnosis period was characterised by a lack of awareness amongst healthcare professionals and occurrences of adrenal crisis. Parents reported burden, anxiety and disruption associated with the intensive treatment regimen. Parents adjusted and gained confidence over time yet found delegating responsibility for medication difficult and worried about the future for their child. Access to psychological support and contact with other families was reported as highly beneficial. The findings of the study provide critical context for future studies and for informing how parents and families can be better supported. Prenatal genetic counselling for parents who already have an affected child will include an explanation of recurrence risk but should also focus on providing information and reassurance about diagnostic testing and care for their newborn.
Student perceptions of self‐efficacy and teacher support for learning in fostering youth competencies: Roles of affective and cognitive engagement
Authors: Chong Wan Har , Liem Gregory Arief D. , Huan Vivien S. , Kit Phey Ling , Ang Rebecca P. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis exploratory study extends research on student engagement by examining the relationships between its different facets, students' perception of teacher support for learning and self‐efficacy, and adaptive youth competencies. Guided by Reschly and Christenson's (2012) student engagement framework, affective and cognitive engagement were posited to mediate the relationships between students' perceived beliefs, adaptive competencies and behavior engagement.Method3776 Singapore Grade 7 and 8 students completed a self report survey questionnaire.ResultsSelf‐efficacy and teacher support demonstrated different indirect relationships with student competencies and via different engagement pathways. Cognitive engagement mediated the effects of teacher support and self‐efficacy on the four student competencies, while affective engagement's mediated effects was only evident on academic buoyancy.ConclusionThis study holds important implications for educational and psychological research on student engagement, demonstrating that the construct, though theorized in a western context, has empirical utility and relevance in an East Asian context.
Sex differences in the association between apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and Alzheimer's disease markers
Authors: Sundermann Erin E. , Tran My , Maki Pauline M. , Bondi Mark W. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe determined whether the effect of apolipoprotein E (APOE)‐ε4 genotype on Alzheimer's disease (AD) markers differs in men and women across AD stages.MethodsAmong normal control (NC) participants (N = 702) and participants with mild cognitive impairment (N = 576) and AD (N = 305), we examined the associations of sex and APOE‐ε4 carrier status with cortical amyloid‐β (Aβ) burden, hippocampal volume ratio (HpVR; hippocampal volume/intracranial volume × 103), brain glucose metabolism, and verbal memory.ResultsIn NC, APOE‐ε4 related to greater Aβ burden and poorer verbal memory across sex but to smaller HpVR and hypometabolism in men only. In mild cognitive impairment, APOE‐ε4 related to smaller HpVR, hypometabolism, greater Aβ burden, and poorer verbal memory across sex. In AD, APOE‐ε4 related to greater Aβ burden in men only and smaller HpVR across sex and showed no association with hypometabolism or verbal memory.DiscussionSex differences in the association between APOE‐ε4 and AD markers vary by disease stage.
Interlaboratory validation of cerebrospinal fluid α‐synuclein quantification in the diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease
Authors: Kruse Niels , Heslegrave Amanda , Gupta Vandana , Foiani Martha , Villar‐Piqué Anna , Schmitz Matthias , Lehmann Sylvain , Teunissen Charlotte , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Mollenhauer Brit , Zerr Inga , Llorens Franc 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIntroductionCerebrospinal fluid α‐synuclein level is increased in sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease cases. However, the clinical value of this biomarker remains to be established. In this study, we have addressed the clinical validation parameters and the interlaboratory reproducibility by using an electrochemiluminescent assay.MethodsCerebrospinal fluid α‐synuclein was quantified in a total of 188 sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease and non–Creutzfeldt‐Jakob‐disease cases to determine sensitivity and specificity values and lot‐to‐lot variability. Two round robin tests with 70 additional cases were performed in six independent laboratories.ResultsA sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 96% were achieved in discriminating sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease. No differences were detected between lots. The mean interlaboratory coefficient of variation was 23%, and the intralaboratory coefficient of variations ranged 2.70%–11.39%. Overall, 97% of samples were correctly diagnosed.DiscussionThe herein validated α‐synuclein assay is robust, accurate, and reproducible in identifying Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease cases. Thus, it is ready for implementation in the clinical practice to support the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Sr/Ca‐Based Estimates of SST From the Coral Orbicella faveolata
Authors: Flannery Jennifer A. , Richey Julie N. , Toth Lauren T. , Kuffner Ilsa B. , Poore Richard Z. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe strontium to calcium ratio (Sr/Ca) in aragonitic skeletons of massive corals provides a proxy for sea surface temperature (SST) that can be used to reconstruct paleoclimates across decades, centuries, and, potentially, millennia. Determining the reproducibility of Sr/Ca records among contemporaneous coral colonies from the same region is critical to quantifying uncertainties associated with the Sr/Ca‐SST proxy. We evaluated both intracolony and intercolony variability in Sr/Ca using five modern colonies of Orbicella faveolata collected live from the Dry Tortugas National Park, FL. We regressed all available Sr/Ca‐SST data pairs from the five O. faveolata colonies against the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer gridded SST data set to produce a new Sr/Ca‐SST calibration equation (Sr/Ca = −0.049 × SST + 10.460), which we suggest can be applied to O. faveolata colonies collected throughout the Gulf of Mexico/Caribbean region. We estimated total uncertainty by calculating the root‐mean‐square of the intracolony, intercolony, and analytical error terms. Our (1σ) uncertainty estimates of 0.082 mmol/mol (1.66 °C) for subannual Sr/Ca‐SST and 0.070 mmol/mol (1.43 °C) for mean annual Sr/Ca‐SST represent conservative error terms that can be applied to individual data points in single‐colony Sr/Ca‐SST reconstructions. We illustrate how these uncertainties can be significantly reduced by generating multicolony reconstructions and/or through replication of sampling within individual coral colonies. Although the uncertainties on absolute Sr/Ca‐based SST are likely too large to allow researchers to evaluate subdecadal temperature variability, we show that the O. faveolata paleothermometer can reliably detect changes of ~2 °C across decadal timescales and ~1 °C over multidecadal timescales.