bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective vulnerability of dorsal raphe‐medial prefrontal cortex projection neurons to corticosterone‐induced hypofunction
Authors: Prouty Eric W. , Chandler Daniel J. , Gao Wen‐Jun , Waterhouse Barry D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlucocorticoid hormones and serotonin (5‐HT) are strongly associated with the development and treatment of depression, respectively. Glucocorticoids regulate the function of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), which are the major source of 5‐HT to the forebrain. DR 5‐HT neurons are electrophysiologically heterogeneous, though whether this phenotypic variation aligns with specific brain functions or neuropsychiatric disease states is largely unknown. The goal of this work was to determine if chronic exogenous glucocorticoid administration differentially affects the electrophysiological profile of DR neurons implicated in the regulation of emotion versus visual sensation by comparing properties of cells projecting to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) versus lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Following retrograde tracer injection into mPFC or LGN, male Sprague‐Dawley rats received daily injections of corticosterone (CORT) for 21 days, after which whole‐cell patch clamp recordings were made from retrogradely labeled DR neurons. CORT‐treatment significantly increased the action potential half‐width of LGN‐projecting DR neurons, but did not significantly affect the firing frequency or excitatory postsynaptic currents of these cells. CORT‐treatment significantly reduced the input resistance, evoked firing frequency, and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequency of mPFC‐projecting DR neurons, indicating a concurrent reduction of both intrinsic excitability and excitatory drive. Our results suggest that the serotonergic regulation of cognitive and emotional networks in the mPFC may be more sensitive to the effects of glucocorticoid excess than visual sensory circuits in the LGN and that reduced 5‐HT transmission in the mPFC may underlie the association between glucocorticoid excess and depression.
Functional trait trade‐off and species abundance: insights from a multi‐decadal study
Authors: Ge Xing‐Yue M. , Scholl Joshua P. , Basinger Ursula , Huxman Travis E. , Venable D. Lawrence 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhylogenetically informed trait comparisons across entire communities show promise in advancing community ecology. We use this approach to better understand the composition of a community of winter annual plants with multiple decades of monitoring and detailed morphological, phenological and physiological measurements. Previous research on this system revealed a physiological trade‐off among dominant species that accurately predicts population and community dynamics. Here we expanded our investigation to 51 species, representing 96% of individual plants recorded over 30 years, and analysed trait relationships in the context of species abundance and phylogenetic relationships. We found that the functional‐trait trade‐off scales to the entire community, albeit with diminished strength. It is strongest for dominant species and weakens as progressively rarer species are included. The trade‐off has been consistently expressed over three decades of environmental change despite some turnover in the identity of dominant species.
Trends of atropinic (anticholinergic) exposure in the elderly: a 10‐year analysis in the French EGB database
Authors: de Germay Sibylle , Rueter Manuela , Montastruc François , Rousseau Vanessa , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Montastruc Jean‐Louis 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAtropinic drugs are known to potentially induce physical and/or mental impairments in the elderly. The aim of this study was to investigate trends of atropinic exposure in patients ≥65 years in France between 2006 and 2015. A repeated cross‐sectional study was performed quarterly from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2015, in the ‘Echantillon Généraliste des Bénéficiaires (EGB)’, a representative sample of the French population. Exposed patients were identified using the Anticholinergic Durán's list. Outcomes were rate of patients exposed to at least one atropinic drug (atropinic prevalence rate) and atropinic burden per patient (sum of atropinic burden scores). Interrupted time series were used to analyze the impact of market withdrawal of some drugs with atropinic properties during the period of the study. The number of patients ≥65 years registered in the EGB ranged from 75 611 in 2006 to 95 389 in 2015. Atropinic prevalence rate decreased significantly from 45.6% in 2006 to 33.2% in 2015 (−12.4%, slope significance P < 0.05). Subjects aged ≥85 years were the most exposed. Total atropinic burden decreased significantly between 2006 and 2015 (2.2 ± 1.7 in 2006; 2.0 ± 1.5 in 2015; slope significance P < 0.05), especially in patients ≥85 years. Market withdrawals for safety reasons of some atropinic drugs were significantly associated with a decrease in the atropinic prevalence rate (P < 0.05) and atropinic burden per patient (P < 0.05). In conclusion, atropinic drug exposure in the elderly significantly decreased in France between 2006 and 2015. This decrease can be partly explained by regulatory measures against some atropinic drugs.
Does the “high sugar” trait of perennial ryegrass cultivars express under temperate climate conditions?
Authors: Rivero M. Jordana , Balocchi Oscar A. , Moscoso Cristian J. , Siebald Juan Agustín , Neumann Fabián Lukas , Meyer Don , Lee Michael R. F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe objective was to evaluate water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and crude protein (CP) concentration of perennial ryegrass (PRG) cultivars with different genetic potential for producing WSC under two contrasting agronomic managements in temperate climate (southern Chile). A 4 × 2 factorial design was randomly allocated to 24 plots (31 m2 each, three blocks): four PRG cultivars (diploid standard cultivar, “2nSt”; tetraploid standard cultivar, “4nSt”; diploid high sugar cultivar developed in New Zealand, “2nHSNZ”; and tetraploid high sugar cultivar developed in Europe, “4nHSEU”) and two agronomic managements (“favourable,” defoliations at three leaves per tiller and nitrogen (N) fertilization rate of 83.3 kg N ha−1 year−1; “unfavourable,” defoliations at two leaves per tiller and N fertilization rate of 250 kg N ha−1 year−1). Herbage samples were collected in early spring, spring, summer and autumn. Concentration of WSC did not differ among cultivars in spring and summer, averaging 194 and 251 g/kg DM, respectively. The cultivar 4nHSEU had the greatest WSC concentration in early spring and autumn (187 and 266 g/kg DM, respectively) and the greatest CP concentration across samplings (average 230 g/kg DM). Favourable management improved WSC concentrations in early spring and summer and decreased CP in spring, summer and autumn. Annual DM yield did not vary with cultivar or management, averaging 8.43 t/ha. Within a 12‐month study at one site in a temperate environment in southern Chile, PRG cultivars have not shown a consistent expression of the “high sugar” trait, where a genetic × environment interaction might be operating.
Utility of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with intracorporeal urinary diversion for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Koie Takuya , Ohyama Chikara , Makiyama Kazuhide , Shimazui Toru , Miyagawa Tomoaki , Mizutani Kosuke , Tsuchiya Tomohiro , Kato Taku , Nakane Keita 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRadical cystectomy remains the gold standard for treatment of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer. Robot‐assisted radical cystectomy has technical advantages over laparoscopic radical cystectomy and has emerged as an alternative to open radical cystectomy. Despite the advancements in robotic surgery, experience with total intracorporeal reconstruction of urinary diversion remains limited. Most surgeons have carried out the hybrid approach of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy and extracorporeal reconstruction of urinary diversion, as intracorporeal reconstruction of urinary diversion remains technically challenging. However, intracorporeal reconstruction of urinary diversion might potentially proffer additional benefits, such as decreased fluid loss, reduction in estimated blood loss and a quicker return of bowel function. The adoption of intracorporeal ileal neobladder reconstruction has hitherto been limited to high‐volume academic institutions. In the present review, we compare the totally intracorporeal robot‐assisted radical cystectomy approach with open radical cystectomy and robot‐assisted radical cystectomy + extracorporeal reconstruction of urinary diversion in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer patients.
Multiple ICD shocks in a patient with dilated cardiomyopathy: What is the mechanism?
Authors: Fontenla Adolfo , López‐Gil María , Rodríguez Muñoz Daniel , Díez de las Heras David , Arribas Fernando 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present the case of a 45‐year‐old male patient with dilated cardiomyopathy who suffers from multiple implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks. The analysis of the ICD tracing and the electrophysiological study allows to conclude that bundle branch re‐entrant tachycardia is the most likely diagnosis, even in absence of conduction abnormalities in his basal electrocardiography.
Endocrine organs of cardiovascular diseases: Gut microbiota
Authors: Jia Qiujin , Xie Yingyu , Lu Chunmiao , Zhang Ao , Lu Yanmin , Lv Shichao , Zhang Junping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGut microbiota (GM) is a collection of bacteria, fungi, archaea, viruses and protozoa, etc. They inhabit human intestines and play an essential role in human health and disease. Close information exchange between the intestinal microbes and the host performs a vital role in digestion, immune defence, nervous system regulation, especially metabolism, maintaining a delicate balance between itself and the human host. Studies have shown that the composition of GM and its metabolites are firmly related to the occurrence of various diseases. More and more researchers have demonstrated that the intestinal microbiota is a virtual ‘organ’ with endocrine function and the bioactive metabolites produced by it can affect the physiological role of the host. With deepening researches in recent years, clinical data indicated that the GM has a significant effect on the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This article systematically elaborated the relationship between metabolites of GM and its effects, the relationship between intestinal dysbacteriosis and cardiovascular risk factors, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, heart failure and hypertension and the possible pathogenic mechanisms. Regulating the GM is supposed to be a potential new therapeutic target for CVD.
Health behaviors of foreign mothers in Japan regarding their young children and the factors that affect these behaviors: A qualitative study
Authors: Sudo Kyoko , Hamamoto Yoko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimThe number of foreign residents in Japan is increasing and these residents therefore should no longer be disregarded as members of Japanese society. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the health behaviors of foreign mothers in Japan regarding their children and the factors that affected these behaviors.MethodsA qualitative descriptive research design was used, involving a content analysis. Six focus group interviews were conducted with a total of 24 foreign mothers who were members of childrearing circles.ResultsThe health behaviors were classified as “Gathering information about child health management,” “Preventing obstructions to child health care,” “Perceiving the child's health condition,” “Deciding to take the child to a healthcare facility,” “Selecting adequate healthcare facilities,” and “Managing at home when the child is sick.” The factors that affected the health behaviors were classified as “Japanese culture and customs,” “Child's health condition,” “Culture and customs of the mother's native country,” “Family,” “Mother's health perception,” “Healthcare facility and healthcare provider,” “Friends,” “Mother's health condition,” “Internet,” “Becoming accustomed to life in Japan,” and “Japanese language ability.” Gathering information, preventing obstructions to child health care, and perceiving the child's health condition were the most common behaviors. The main factors that affected the health behaviors were the culture and customs of both Japan and the mother's native country and the child's health condition.ConclusionIt is recommended that healthcare professionals support foreign mothers to gather adequate and appropriate information regarding health, particularly child health, considering not only the culture and customs of the mother's native country, but also of the host country.
Clinical efficacy of 0.5% topical mangosteen extract in nanoparticle loaded gel in treatment of mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris: A 12‐week, split‐face, double‐blinded, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Lueangarun Suparuj , Sriviriyakul Karuna , Tempark Therdpong , Managit Chittima , Sithisarn Pongtip 
Published: January 2019

SummaryBackgroundAcne vulgaris is the most common inflammatory sebaceous gland disorder in young adults. The resistant strains of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) are of increasing concern in the treatment of acne.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of 0.5% topical mangosteen extract in nanoparticle loaded gel (containing alpha‐mangostin) compared with 1% clindamycin gel for treatment of mild‐to‐moderate acne vulgaris.MethodsPatients aged 18‐40 years were enrolled in this double‐blinded, split‐face, randomized, control study. The 2.5% benzoyl peroxide cream was applied to both sides of the faces once daily for 5 minutes and washed off. Each patient was randomly treated with the mangosteen fruit rind extract on one side and 1% clindamycin on another side of the face twice daily for 12 weeks. Treatment efficacies and side effects were evaluated on every follow‐up.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients, 24 female (85.7%), mean ± SD age of 25.14 ± 5.8, with Global Acne Grading system (GAGs) score of 15.43 ± 5.96 were included. Mangosteen fruit rind extract significantly showed significant 66.86% and 67.05% reduction of comedone and inflammatory lesions (P < 0.001) after 12‐week treatment. The improvement on both treated sides significantly showed since 2 weeks after treatment, without statistical difference between two groups. Nonetheless, the mangosteen fruit rind extract revealed significantly better improvement of clinical severity, with no severe side effects.ConclusionsThe mangosteen fruit rind extract formation could be a phytopharmaceutical medication for effective treatment of mild and moderate acne vulgaris treatment comparable to 1% clindamycin gel, with no severe side effects.
Implementation of public health genomics and applications to public health dentistry
Authors: Duquette Debra 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNational and state public health genomics efforts exist to effectively and responsibly translate genome‐based knowledge to improve population health and reduce health disparities. Over the past two decades, public health genomics efforts have utilized the core public health functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance. Current evidence for a small number of genomic applications suggests that many lives could be saved if these were implemented in recommended populations. With the drastic increase in new genetic tests and technologies, multidisciplinary public health genomics efforts that should include public health dentistry are of greater importance. There is a need to integrate public health dentistry in efforts to increase use of evidence‐based genomic tests and services to improve health outcomes. Additionally, public health genomic efforts also are utilized to promote awareness about the insufficient evidence of the validity, utility and ethical, legal, and social implications for the vast majority of genomic tests. This is demonstrated by a recent genetic testing policy statement and educational resources from the American Dental Association. These organizational efforts should be considered in other realms of public health genomics to ensure that only genetic tests and preventive services with sufficient evidence for use are being implemented in clinical and public health.
Spatial Accessibility to Mammography Services in the Lower Mississippi Delta Region States
Authors: Zahnd Whitney E. , McLafferty Sara L. , Sherman Recinda L. , Klonoff‐Cohen Hillary , Farner Susan , Rosenblatt Karin A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo characterize spatial access to mammography services across 8 Lower Mississippi Delta Region (LMDR) states. These states include the Delta Region, a federally designated, largely rural, and impoverished region with a high proportion of black residents and low mammography utilization rates.MethodsUsing the enhanced 2‐step floating catchment area method, we calculated spatial accessibility scores for mammography services across LMDR census tracts. We compared accessibility scores between the Delta and non‐Delta Regions of the LMDR. We also performed hotspot analysis and constructed spatial lag models to detect clusters of low spatial access and to identify sociodemographic factors associated with access, respectively. We obtained mammography facility locations data from the Food and Drug Administration and sociodemographic variables from the American Community Survey and the US Department of Agriculture.ResultsOverall, there were no differences in spatial accessibility scores between the Delta and non‐Delta Regions, though there was some state‐to‐state variation. Clusters of low spatial access were found in parts of the Arkansas, Mississippi, and Tennessee Delta. Spatial lag models found that poverty was associated with greater spatial access to mammography.ConclusionsThe lack of identified differences in spatial access to mammography in the Delta and non‐Delta Regions suggests that psychosocial or financial barriers play a larger role in lower mammography utilization rates. Identifying clusters of low spatial access to mammography services can help inform resource allocation. Further, our study underscores the value of using coverage‐based methods rather than travel time or container measures to evaluate spatial access to care.
Variation in the diets of Japanese martens Martes melampus
Authors: Tsuji Yamato , Ito Takehiko Y. , Kaneko Yayoi 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

We reviewed dietary data in the literature for Japanese martens Martes melampus from 21 study sites covering the entire geographic range of the species, tested for differences in the diets of martens in evergreen and deciduous forests, and described variation in main diets and dietary diversity in relation to geographical and environmental variables.

Fruits, mammals, and insects occurred at the highest frequencies in faeces throughout the species’ range. Mammal prey items and non‐fruits were detected less frequently in scats collected in evergreen forests than in deciduous forests, while non‐fruits were detected more frequently in evergreen forests.

Three environmental variables (mean temperature, variation in the normalised difference vegetation index [NDVI], and snow depth) had significant effects on variation in dietary composition, but the relative contribution of each variable varied among food items. Geographical variables, on the other hand, had no significant effects on variation in dietary composition.

Mean temperature explained the variation in insect feeding, which increased in forests with moderate temperature. Snow depth explained the variation in feeding on non‐insects and other vertebrates; the former increased in forests with lower snow depth, while the latter increased in forests with higher snow depth. Variation in NDVI, on the other hand, had no effect on variation in feeding on a specific dietary category.

The snow depth had a significant effect on the variation in dietary diversity, which became lower in forests with moderate snow depth. The high plasticity in the dietary composition and dietary diversity might represent a behavioural trait acquired by Japanese martens to allow them to expand their range into various forests with different food availabilities.

When studying the variation in feeding behaviour of omnivorous carnivores, multiple environmental variables need to be considered equally.
Luck and Risk
Authors: Navarro Jesús 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper advances new theses about the relationship between luck and risk, using recent work by Duncan Pritchard (2014, 2015, 2016) as its foil. Once Pritchard’s views are introduced in section 1, the rest of the paper completes two different tasks, one critical and one constructive. By focussing on some epistemological cases that Pritchard’s model would fail to identify, section 2 shows that it relies on a difference that is in fact inessential: the one between the occurrence and the non‐occurrence of an event. Section 3 sketches and defends an alternative account of the luck/risk distinction, based on the consideration of situations (instead of events) from different temporal perspectives: luck assessments track a situation’s past, considering it the actual outcome of some previous event, whereas risk assessments look at the situation’s future, regarding it as the initial condition of some unsettled event.
Pritchard Versus Pritchard on Luck
Authors: De Grefte Job 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper argues for a particular account of luck by comparing two distinct versions of the modal account of luck that have been provided by Duncan Pritchard (2005, 2014). More specifically, it argues that there are three respects in which Pritchard’s earlier modal account of luck is preferable to his later account: it accounts better for the fact that luck comes in degrees, it includes a significance condition, and it better acknowledges the subjective nature of luck. The paper then discusses two consequences of the points it makes for epistemology: an alleged pragmatic encroachment, and a particular view on the relation between knowledge, luck, and justification.
Well‐Being Blindness
Authors: Sneddon Andrew 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhy are we still studying well‐being? We have a vested interest in understanding the good life, and the relevant data seem to be accessible to us all. The challenge is to explain why well‐being is one lasting philosophical topic among others in spite of our special epistemic relationship to it. This article argues that human nature renders us well‐being blind. On one side this is due to the heterogeneous nature of our interests. Some are directly mediated by conscious thought, others are not. Some are individualistically realized, others relationally. On the other side we suffer from cognitive biases that lead us to undervalue, indeed, to miss entirely, the important aspects of human life that do not depend on conscious attention. Consequently, there is reason to think that we shall never be satisfied with a theory of well‐being.