bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Sections of One Great Institution”
Authors: Beckman Jenny 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper examines the prizes and publications of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences as part of a transnational system of scientific communication. Nationally and internationally, prizes and publications served as currency in systems of recognition and benchmarking, and could be converted into international reputations as well as honours and positions in national systems of research, education, and administration. The institutional and linguistic conditions for this exchange changed significantly during the nineteenth century. For Swedish scientists, the symbolic translation of scientific capital depended on the literal translation of texts, from Swedish as well as into Swedish. I focus on two cases that highlight the complex and changing relations between prizes and publications in Swedish science, approaching them from the perspective of language and translation: the judgements delivered by the chemist Berzelius in his journal Annual Survey of Progress in the Sciences (1821–1848), and the Letterstedt Prizes of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (1862–).
Electric Signals: Emotional Currents, Cultural Conduits, Social Voltage and Power Generation in Eighteenth-Century Cultural Encounters
Authors: Eustace Nicole 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the middle of the eighteenth century, natural philosophers began to posit connections between emotion and electricity. The metaphors they explored then have continued methodological implications for scholars today. The electrical concepts of current, resistance, voltage, and power, provide an extended metaphor for conceptualising the history of emotions in ways that usefully bridge the biological and cultural, the individual and social, in order to more fully reveal historical links between emotion and power. By way of example, this article examines cross-cultural negotiations of power made possible through the expression, exchange, and evaluation of grief as recorded in the diary of a British-American Quaker woman who lived among Indians in the Pennsylvania borderlands in the midst of the Seven Years’ War.
Fear, Empathy and Ambition: George Augustus Robinson’s Friendly Mission
Authors: Warren Mick 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Fear beset the settler community of Van Diemen’s Land throughout the 1820s as Aboriginal resistance to European dispossession intensified, a period referred to as the Black War. Representative of the emerging obligation into the 1830s to treat Indigenous people across the British imperial world more kindly, George Augustus Robinson presents a contradictory figure during this tumultuous period. Decrying the depravity of his fellow settlers and their servants, Robinson adapted the conciliatory agenda of Lieutenant-Governor George Arthur in forming the Friendly Mission, a roving missionary enterprise involving Aboriginal people in the task of their own pacification and exile. At once an insight to the sincere emotional connection he felt with his mission subjects, Robinson’s Friendly Mission journals also embody the deep contradictions of British humanitarian governance and its complicity in the logic of elimination it sought to challenge.
A Three-Dimensional Trajectory Model with Advection Correction for Tropical Cyclones: Algorithm Description and Tests for Accuracy
Authors: Miller William , Zhang Da-Lin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When computing trajectories from model output, gridded winds are often temporally interpolated to a time step shorter than model output intervals to satisfy computational stability constraints. This study investigates whether trajectory accuracy may be improved for tropical cyclone (TC) applications by interpolating the model winds using advection correction (AC) instead of the traditional linear interpolation in time (LI) method. Originally developed for Doppler radar processing, AC algorithms interpolate data in a reference frame that moves with the pattern translation, or advective flow velocity. A previously developed trajectory AC implementation is modified here by extending it to three-dimensional (3D) flows, and the advective flows are defined in cylindrical rather than Cartesian coordinates. This AC algorithm is tested on two model-simulated TC cases, Hurricanes Joaquin (2015) and Wilma (2005). Several variations of the AC algorithm are compared to LI on a sample of 10 201 backward trajectories computed from the modeled 5-min output data, using reference trajectories computed from 1-min output to quantify position errors. Results show that AC of 3D wind vectors using advective flows defined as local gridpoint averages improves the accuracy of most trajectories, with more substantial improvements being found in the inner eyewall where the horizontal flows are dominated by rotating cyclonic wind perturbations. Furthermore, AC eliminates oscillations in vertical velocity along LI backward trajectories run through deep convective updrafts, leading to a ~2.5-km correction in parcel height after 20 min of integration.
Family caregivers’ needs of young patients with first episode psychosis: A qualitative study
Authors: Kumar Ganesh , Sood Mamta , Verma Rohit , Mahapatra Ananya , Chadda Rakesh Kumar 
Published: June 2019

Background: The caregivers of patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) experience significant distress. It is important to understand their needs to plan adequate interventions for them. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the needs of caregivers of young patients with FEP in India, using a qualitative approach. Methods: The study was conducted in two phases. In phase I, a script for conducting focus group discussions (FGDs) with caregivers was developed, based on literature search and expert opinion generated from FGD with mental health professionals. In phase II, five FGDs were conducted with 30 caregivers of young patients with FEP having minimal of 6 participants in each FGD. Data was analyzed using principles of grounded theory. Results: Seven broad themes and subthemes of the needs of caregivers emerged from the FGDs. The final themes, which highlighted the needs of caregivers of young patients with FEP, were (in order of ranking) as follows: information regarding treatment, information regarding illness, services provided by the government, optimum quality of care from treatment facility, management of psychosocial issues related to patient’s illness, availability and accessibility of treatment, and identification and recognition of mental health and physical problems in family members. Conclusion: Qualitative method was useful to identify the needs of the caregivers of young patients with FEP in multiple domains.
Whole-body MRI added to gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI for detection of extrahepatic disease in patients considered eligible for hepatic resection and/or local ablation of colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Sivesgaard Kim , Larsen Lars P , Sørensen Michael , Kramer Stine , Schlander Sven , Amanavicius Nerijus , Mortensen Frank V , Pedersen Erik M 
Published: June 2019

Background Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) can detect extrahepatic disease before local treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Purpose To investigate if whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) added to gadoxetic acid liver MRI could replace FDG-PET/CT for detection of extrahepatic disease in patients with colorectal liver metastases eligible for hepatic local treatment. Material and Methods This health-research-ethics-committee-approved prospective consecutive diagnostic accuracy study with written informed consent analyzed 79 cases included between 29 June 2015 and 7 February 2017. Whole-body MRI covering the thorax, abdomen, and pelvis and FDG-PET/CT including contrast-enhanced CT was performed 0–3 days before local treatment of liver metastases. Whole-body MR images were read independently by two readers. FDG-PET/CT images were read independently by two pairs of readers. Histopathology and follow-up imaging were used as reference standard. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated and compared including noninferiority analysis. Results Seventy-five malignant lesions and 419 benign lesions were confirmed. Sensitivities of both PET/CT reader pairs 1 and 2 (56.7 and 67.9%) and MRI reader 2 (63.0%) were significantly higher than that of MRI reader 1 (42.7) (P<0.04). Specificities of both PET/CT reader pairs 1 and 2 (92.5 and 92.4%) and MRI reader 1 (91.1%) were significantly higher than that of MRI reader 2 (86.3%) ( P < 0.02). Sensitivity of MRI reader 2 was non-inferior compared to PET/CT reader pair 1. Specificities of both MRI readers were non-inferior to both PET/CT reader pairs. Conclusion For detection of extrahepatic disease in patients with colorectal liver metastases, whole-body MRI was non-inferior to FDG-PET/CT for some reader combinations. However, reader-independent non-inferiority could not be demonstrated.
Effects of 6-months of oral ferrous and ferric supplement therapy in patients who were hospitalized for decompensated chronic heart failure
Authors: Zdravkovic Snezana Ciric , Nagorni Svetlana Petrovic , Cojbasic Irena , Mitic Vesna , Cvetkovic Predrag , Nagorni Ivan , Govedarovic Nenad , Davinic Ivana , Stanojevic Dragana 
Published: June 2019

Objective Anemia is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). This study aimed to examine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia in patients with CHF. We investigated the effects of oral ferrous or ferric supplementation on prognosis of CHF and quality of life. Methods A total of 201 patients with chronic decompensated heart failure were enrolled in a 6-month prospective study. Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in group I (n = 100) received ferrous fumarate and those in group II (n = 101) received ferric hydroxide polymaltose complex. Quality of life was measured by the 6-minute walking test (6MWT). Results A total of 49% of the patients had iron-dependent anemia in group I and 53.3% were anemic in group II. In group I, the number of anemic patients was significantly lower at 6 months after admission compared with at initial admission (49% versus 45%). Significant improvements were observed in hemoglobin values, the 6MWT distance, and New York Heart Association class after 6 months in both groups. Conclusions Iron deficiency is a significant comorbidity in CHF, even without anemia. Iron should be replaced orally or intravenously because it significantly improves the quality of life of patients.
Effect of self-awareness on goal engagement and outcomes after acquired brain injury
Authors: Prescott Sarah , Fleming Jennifer , Doig Emmah 
Published: June 2019

Introduction A client’s level of self-awareness may change after acquired brain injury, including impaired self-awareness or hyper-awareness of impairments. As a result of these impairments, engagement in occupational therapy may be more challenging, especially the setting of client-centred goals. Understanding how engagement in goal setting differs according to level of self-awareness is therefore necessary. The aim of this study was to examine differences between: (a) the client-centredness of goal setting; (b) verbal participation in goal setting discussions and (c) the goal outcomes across clients with acquired brain injury who had different levels of self-awareness. Method A prospective cohort study design was used. Participants were 35 adults with acquired brain injury attending outpatient rehabilitation. Goal setting discussions were audio-recorded and measures of self-awareness and client-centredness completed immediately afterwards, and goal-outcome data collected 12 weeks later. Results Participants were classified into three self-awareness groups: hyper-awareness ( n=9), accurate self-awareness ( n=17) and impaired self-awareness ( n=9). All groups demonstrated high levels of client-centredness of goals and achieved clinically significant goal outcomes. Conclusion Clients with impaired self-awareness, hyper-awareness and accurate awareness can be successfully engaged in rehabilitation goal setting to develop and achieve client-centred goals.
Detecting longitudinal changes in activities of daily living (ADL) dependence: Optimizing ADL staircase response choices
Authors: Axmon Anna , Ekstam Lisa , Slaug Björn , Schmidt Steven M , Fänge Agneta Malmgren 
Published: June 2019

Introduction Using a sum score based on a three-graded response scale for the activities of daily living staircase has previously been found to increase the statistical power compared to dichotomized responses when assessing longitudinal changes in activities of daily living. We aimed to investigate if the statistical power could be further increased by using a four-graded scale. Methods We used data from two previous studies on community-living people to calculate sum scores based on a dichotomized (independent/dependent), a three-graded (independent/partly dependent/dependent), and a four-graded (independent without difficulty/independent with difficulty/partly dependent/dependent) response scale for the activities of daily living staircase. In total, 1818 paired observations (baseline to follow-up) from 482 people were included. Statistical power was estimated for the entire material as well as stratified by follow-up time and baseline activities of daily living using simulations. Results The four-graded scale provided the highest statistical power, particularly for shorter follow-up times and low and high baseline activities of daily living, but had similar statistical power to the three-graded scale for longer follow-up times and medium baseline activities of daily living. Conclusion Adding a second level to “independent” in the activities of daily living staircase improved the detection of changes over time.
Self-regulation when using a mobility scooter: The experiences of older adults with visual impairments
Authors: McMullan Keri , Butler Mary 
Published: June 2019

Introduction Individuals with visual impairment may choose to use a mobility scooter for meaningful community mobility. This study investigated what self-regulation strategies older adults with visual impairment employed to ensure effective mobility scooter use. Method This interpretive description study used multiple methods, including participant observation and semi-structured interviews. Among the 15 participants, a variety of visual impairments was represented. Results Participants described the various reasons for getting a scooter. They also detailed risks and barriers that warranted self-regulation strategies including the environment, the visual impairment and the attitudinal approaches. Conclusion Barriers to community participation are common for people with visual impairment. This study adds detailed accounts of strategies for the competent management of such barriers using self-regulation practices. These practices can be applied in the community to maintain/improve infrastructure accessibility, address public understanding of scooter use and educate individuals with visual impairment of strategies to improve their scooter use.
Accidental poisoning by intramuscular injection of dichloromethane and trichloroethylene: A case report
Authors: Guo Xiang , Lin Hui , Tse Man‐Li , He Jian , Guo Mei‐Qiong 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:Dichloromethane (DCM) and trichloroethylene (TCE) are both common halohydrocarbons which are widely used in industry. The most common exposure route of DCM or TCE is inhalation, but intramuscular injection of DCM and TCE is very rarely.Case presentation:A 47‐year‐old male presented ecchymosis, pain, and swelling of the left limb following accident injection of ABS glue (main ingredients were DCM and TCE). The swelling of his left limb was lasted until day 6 and WBC, NEUT, CK, CK‐MB, LDH, AST and ALT were elevated until day 9. He was received intravenous fluids, analgesic, antibiotics, and other supportive measures and finally discharged from the hospital on day 16.Discussion:Both DCM and TCE could cause local irritation and systemic toxicity involving central nervous system, liver, kidney and other organs. In this case, because the small dose of toxicant and injection being the route of exposure, the patient mainly suffered from local toxicity resulting in painful soft tissue swelling with slight hemocytology and biochemistry disorder. Although there are no specific antidotes for DCM and TCE poisoning, supportive measures may also provide satisfactory therapeutic results.Conclusions:DCM and TCE poisoning following intramuscular injection could present mainly with local and system poisoning symptoms and successfully treated with supportive measures.
Self-Reported and Actual Involvement of Community Pharmacy Professionals in the Management of Childhood Diarrhea: A Cross-Sectional and Simulated Patient Study at two Towns of Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Mengistu Getnet , Gietnet Kassahun , Amare Firehiwot , Sisay Mekonnen , Hagos Bisrat , Misganaw Desye 
Published: June 2019

Background: Role of community pharmacy professionals is observed in the prevention and treatment of diarrhea and the associated problem of dehydration in children. The aim of this study was to assess self-reported knowledge and actual practices of community pharmacy professionals toward the management of diarrhea in Harar town and Dire Dawa city administration. Methodology: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on community pharmacy professionals practicing in community drug outlets of the two towns. Structured questionnaires and simulated patient were used to collect data. Results: A total of 105 community pharmacy professionals from 105 community pharmacies were invited, out of which 69.5% were men. Age was the most frequently taken history in both studies and none of the participants take history about weight of the child, medication history, and nutrition condition in the simulated study. Even though more than 90% of the participants reported to recommend oral rehydration salt (ORS) plus zinc, above 85% of them dispense antimicrobial agents for the simulated patient. Dose (96%), frequency (98%), how to prepare ORS (98%), and duration (98%) were the most frequently given information in the questionnaire survey. However, the simulated study revealed that information about common side effects and major interactions were not given to the patient. Conclusion: The study identified that there is a great difference between self-reported knowledge and actual practices on the management of childhood diarrhea in community pharmacies.
So You Want to Start an Institutional Biosafety Committee
Authors: Schniederberend Maren , Fontes Benjamin , Jeffrey Rachel 
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The number of institutions engaging in research with potentially biohazardous materials has increased, indicating a need for newly formed Institutional Biosafety Committees (IBCs) in the United States and for similar biorisk management committees located outside the United States. Our institution identified the need for an IBC due to the growth of pertinent activities on campus. Objectives: This article shares our experiences creating a new IBC at our institution from September 2017 to April 2019. Our lessons learned and approaches to the challenges faced may be helpful to others finding themselves with similar needs. Methods: In this case study, we outline IBC membership, documents, relationships with federal agencies and within the institution, creation of registration forms, and the review process. Along with our account, we have included links to helpful resources from federal agencies. Results: At the time of the submission of this article, we have established our IBC and reviewed two registrations. Conclusion: This case report demonstrates the successful creation of an IBC that works for our current institutional needs.
Intraintestinal and Parenteral Administration of an Insulin Analogue Leads to Comparable Activation of Signaling Downstream of the Insulin Receptor in the Small Intestine
Authors: Hvid Henning , Kildegaard Jonas , Kristensen Kim , Porsgaard Trine , Jørgensen Mikkel S. , Ballarín-González Borja , Ahnfelt-Rønne Jonas , Hansen Bo F. , Nishimura Erica 
Published: June 2019

Background: Oral delivery of insulin was recently demonstrated to have therapeutic relevance in patients with diabetes. Insulin receptors are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and can be activated by insulin in the bloodstream, but it is not known if the large amount of insulin in the intestinal lumen required for sufficient oral delivery will induce a different effect. The aim of this study was to compare the acute effect in the intestine of insulin administered in the intestinal lumen with that of insulin administered by a parenteral route. Method: Intraintestinal (ii) injection in the mid-jejunum of anaesthetized rats with insulin analogue 106 (I106), formulated with the absorption-enhancer sodium caprate, was used as an animal model of oral insulin administration. As control treatment, rats were treated with I106 by iv infusion according to algorithms which precisely mimicked the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of ii administered I106. Several fold more I106 was administered by ii injection than by iv infusion. Phosphorylated Akt (Ser473) was used as indicator of insulin-stimulated acute effects in the intestine. Results: Treatment with I106 resulted in activation of Akt in the intestine, with no significant difference between the effects of ii or iv administration. Conclusion: The results from this rat model of orally administered insulin indicate that the unabsorbed insulin in the intestinal lumen after oral administration will not result in an enhanced acute effect in the intestine.
Association of serum prealbumin with risk of osteoporosis in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Xiu Shuangling , Chhetri Jagadish K , Sun Lina , Mu Zhijing , Wang Li 
Published: June 2019

Background: Poor nutritional status is associated with osteoporosis. Prealbumin is a more sensitive marker than albumin to assess nutritional status. Therefore, the relationship between serum levels of prealbumin and osteoporosis in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was investigated. Methods: A total of 370 older adults with T2DM were divided into two groups: older adults with osteoporosis ( n = 249) and older adults without osteoporosis ( n = 121). Bone mineral density (BMD) and appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum levels of prealbumin, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH) D3] were also tested. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between prealbumin and osteoporosis. Results: The adults with osteoporosis had lower prealbumin levels than those without osteoporosis (235.40 ± 60.66 versus 261.34 ± 55.28 mg/l, p < 0.001). The proportion of adults with prealbumin levels below the normal range was significantly higher in individuals with osteoporosis compared with those without osteoporosis (16.53% versus 4.42%, respectively). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), anemia, handgrip strength and skeletal muscle index (SMI), logistic regression showed that participants with lower levels of prealbumin had a higher risk of osteoporosis [odds ratio (OR): 3.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.54–6.34; p = 0.004]. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that low levels of prealbumin were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in older adults with T2DM. Further longitudinal studies should be conducted to determine if there is a causative association between prealbumin and osteoporosis.