bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can Computerized Cognitive Training Improve Cognition in Patients With Heart Failure?
Authors: Kua Zhong Jie , Valenzuela Michael , Dong YanHong 
Published: December 2018

Background
Cognitive impairment is highly prevalent in patients with heart failure (HF), negatively impacting self-care and consequently increasing mortality. Although computerized cognitive training (CCT) has been found to be efficacious in improving cognition in older adults, little is known about the efficacy of CCT in patients with HF.

Purpose
This brief systematic review examined the feasibility and efficacy of CCT on cognitive functioning in patients with HF.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO electronic databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CCT in patients with HF published from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017. A narrative synthesis of intervention effectiveness on individual cognitive domains and functional outcomes was provided. Risk of bias of the studies was also rated.

Results
The search yielded 4 RCTs describing 3 cognitive training interventions (n = 138). Preliminary evidence indicated that CCT may enhance the processing speed and working memory of patients with HF. Intervention effects also seemed to confer transferrable benefits to functional outcomes of daily living. The outcomes of the assembled studies were assessed using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system, and the quality of the evidence was found to be of moderate to low quality.

Conclusion
Computerized cognitive trainings show promise in enhancing the cognition of patients with HF. The stability of the current findings would need to be tested in RCTs with larger sample sizes to validate the use of CCTs in targeting cognitive impairment and self-care abilities for patients with HF.
Long-term hormonal therapy resulting in breast cancer in female-to-male transsexual
Authors: Treskova Inka , Hes Ondrej , Bursa Vlastimil 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Testosterone is important for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in female-to-male transsexuals. On the contrary, it can increase the risk of breast cancer.

Patient concerns:
We present a rare case of breast cancer in female-to-male transsexual patient after long-term hormonal therapy.

Diagnosis:
Breast cancer in female-to-male transsexual patient.

Interventions:
The patient underwent mastectomy and chemotherapy.

Outcomes:
The patient had local recurrence of the disease and he underwent re-excision, radiotherapy and the tamoxifen treatment. After this treatment, the patient is in the remission from the disease.

Lessons:
Breast cancer in transsexuals appears to be rare. However, there is a potential risk that testosterone exposure can increase the risk of developing breast cancer by the stimulation of breast tissue. There is limited published literature on the risk of breast cancer in transsexual patients.
Postmenopausal spontaneous rupture of pyometra
Authors: Huang Yiping , Tian Qifang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
The incidence of spontaneous perforations in pyometra occurs rarely, only 0.01% to 0.5% in gynecological patients, with high mortality and morbidity. The clinical manifestation of perforated uterine pus is similar to that of gastrointestinal perforation, but the gynecological symptoms are not so obvious, which makes preoperative diagnosis difficult. Here, we report a rare case of peritonitis with laparotomy of pyometra.

Patient concerns:
An acute abdominal pain and purulent vaginal discharge developed in a 72-year-old woman who underwent an emergency laparotomy because of signs of diffuse peritonitis and in a state of shock.

Diagnoses:
We made a diagnosis of spontaneous perforation of pyometra.

Interventions:
At laparotomy, about 1000 mL of pus with the source of uterine was found in the abdominal cavity, while gastrointestinal tract was intact and a crevasse with a diameter of 1.5 cm on posterior uterine wall was obvious. A total abdominal hysterectomy and a bilateral salphingo oophorectomy were performed.

Outcomes:
The patient got discharged on 34th postoperative hospitalization day with only 1 complication of wound healing. Histopathological study revealed uterine purulent inflammation, with no evidence of malignancy.

Lessons:
Ultrasonography is the first and most sensitive examination for the evaluation of pyometra, but has limited role in the diagnosis of perforated pyometra. Additional diagnostic radiographic evaluation use for acute abdomen is total abdomen computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging techniques of female pelvis.
Epidemiologic analysis of breast cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality in India
Authors: Madhav Madurantakam Royam , Nayagam Sankaranarayanan Gomathi , Biyani Krishnav , Pandey Venkatesh , Kamal Duraj Gowtham , Sabarimurugan Shanthi , Ramesh Nachimuthu , Gothandam Kodiveri Muthukaliannan , Jayaraj Rama 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Breast Cancer (BC) is the leading cause of deaths in Indian women. Emerging reports reveal alarming evidence of increasing incidence and mortality of BC among young Indian women in addition to the late presentation and poor prognosis. Despite the significant incidence, there is a lack of reliable data resources and comprehensive epidemiologic studies relating to BC. The objective of this protocol is to conduct a full-scale systematic review and meta-analyses on the incidence, prevalence, and mortality of BC in 29 states and seven union territories of India.

Methods:
Data sources used will be Cochrane Review, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, and international and national cancer registries such as World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), and National Centre for Disease Information and Research (NCDIR)-National Cancer Registry Program initiated by Indian Council of Medical Research. Relevant data will be extracted using a predefined data collection form. A defined search strategy will be implemented along with selection criteria to obtain full-text articles of relevant studies. This study protocol was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis for Protocols 2015 guidelines. Odds ratios (ORs) will be used to measure effect size. The random or fixed-effects meta-analyses model will be employed to aggregate the pooled estimates (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) separately. A forest plot will be produced to assess ORs and 95% CIs. Publication bias will be assessed using funnel plot, and Egger regression will be applied to test the symmetry of the funnel plot.

Ethics and dissemination:
This proposed study will be based on published studies and the data from cancer registries. Therefore, human research ethics approval is not required. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

PROSPERO registration no:
CRD42018084003.
Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in a case of geriatric urinary tract infections with pain of episiotomy scar inflammation
Authors: Zhang Chen , Chen Ming-jun , Tong Zhan-Qi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common infectious diseases in women. The management of patients with UTI after menopause is commonly combined with antibiotics and external application of estrogen, which could also cause drug resistance and result in poor curative effect. This study reports a case of UTI with pain of episiotomy scar inflammation for 10 years, which was successfully cured under traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and showed no recurrence for 5 years.

Patient concerns:
A female patient, aged 71 years, experienced UTIs with pain of episiotomy scar inflammation for 10 years. Under antibiotics and external application of estrogen therapy, the patient still had no significant curative effect. Therefore, he was admitted to treatment with TCM for complementary therapy.

Diagnosis:
UTIs with pain of episiotomy scar inflammation.

Interventions
: This patient was treated with Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) treatment 2 times a day for 1 year. After 1 month of CHM treatment, the patient could tolerate pain of episiotomy scar inflammation.

Outcomes:
After 2 months of CHM treatment, the follow-up urinalysis leukocyte, red blood cell, and pH showed great improvements in examination. Late follow-up was continued to November 2017, and the patient recovered stable condition without recurrence.

Lessons:
In this case, successful treatment by only applying the prescription of CHM is achieved in 1 elderly woman with UTI and pain of episiotomy scar inflammation in 1 year. It is suggested that the CHM formula has a potential effect on UTI and pain from episiotomy scar inflammation when usage of antibiotics and hormones meets with poor response.
Traditional Chinese medicine tonifying kidney therapy (Bu shen) for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Zhen Gao , Yingying Liu , Jingcheng Dong 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly used to combine with pharmacotherapy for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in China and other Asian countries such as South Korea and Japan. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tonifying kidney therapy (Bushen, TK) for stable COPD.

Methods:
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TK for stable COPD were searched from 4 databases including Pubmed, the Cochrane library, CBM (China Biology Medicine disc, CBMdisc), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from inception to December 2017. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias in included studies. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. The primary outcomes analyzed in this meta-analysis were effectiveness, TCM Syndrome Score, dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council questionnaire [mMRC]), COPD health status (COPD Assessment Test [CAT]), exercise capacity (6-min walk distance in meters [6mWD]), and respiratory-specific quality of life (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire [SGRQ]). Second outcomes analyzed for this meta-analysis were lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], FEV1%, forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV1/FVC), the frequency of acute exacerbation, T-lymphocyte subsets (CD4, CD8, CD4/CD8), and immunoglobulin (IgA, IgG, and IgM). The summary results will be pooled using the random-effects model or fixed-effects model according to the heterogeneity of the included studies.

Result:
This systematic review will provide an evidence of TK for stable COPD, and will submit to a peer-reviewed journal for publication.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of this systematic review will provide evidence to judge whether TK is an effective intervention for stable COPD patients.

PROSPERO registration number:
PROSPERO CRD 42018090328.
Hypermethylation of multiple Wnt antagonist genes in gastric neoplasia
Authors: Wang Zhenkai , Ye Yaqing , Liu Dan , Yang Xiaoqian , Wang Fangyu 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Wnt antagonist genes hypermethylation has been found in several tumors. Accordingly, the events that occur during the progression of adenoma to carcinoma have been characterized and include activation of the Wnt-pathway. Further, gastric adenoma (GA) is a premalignant lesion of gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). In this paper, we focused our interesting on Wnt signaling path function in the pathogenesis of GAC.
We compared the differences between low grade adenoma (LGA), high grade adenoma (HGA), GACs and corresponding normal gastric tissue (NGT). Specific indexes include the pathological characteristics of gastric neoplasia, Helicobacter pylori infection, β-catenin mutation status, and methylation status of Wnt antagonist genes.
There was significant difference of β-catenin expression in patient with NGT, LGA, HGA, and GAC, the results respectively were 4.2%, 41.7%, 83.3%, and 91.7%. Only 1 GACs was detected exon 3 of β-catenin mutation. Wnt antagonist genes mRNA expression levels, such as APC, sFRP-1, Wif-1, and Dkk-1, were significantly reduced in GAC. Promoter methylation levels of the 4 genes were significantly elevated in GAC and HGA compared to NGT and LGA. However, there was no significant difference between HGAs and GACs. The β-catenin abnormal expression was correlated with hypermethylation of these 4 genes. Multiple gene concurrent methylation phenomenon was increased from NGTs to GACs; the amount of methylation genes in GACs and HGAs was more than NGTs and LGAs. The more methylation of the above-mentioned genes, the more severity of local inflammation. The infection rate of H pylori was significantly higher in patient with HGA (66.7%, 16/24) and GAC (58.5%, 14/24) than in LGAs (16.7%,4/24) (P
HGA-LGA = .024, P
GAC-LGA = .032). In addition, the present of H pylori also correlated with the β-catenin abnormal expression and the hypermethylation status of Wnt antagonist genes (P < .001). But other parameters in adenoma cases had no significantly related with infection of H pylori.
Hypermethylation of Wnt antagonist genes may have a tight relationship with gastric tumorigenesis. And these genes may increase the incidence of GAC. Additionally, H pylori may have promotion function in GA formation.
Negative pressure pulmonary edema postextubation following medial nerve repair with sural graft surgery in a young patient
Authors: Rosero-Britton Byron , Uribe Alberto , Stoicea Nicoleta , Periel Luis , Bergese Sergio D. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a serious well-described pulmonary complication. It occurs after an intense inspiratory effort against an obstructed or closed upper airway and generates a large negative airway pressure, leading to severe pulmonary edema (transvascular fluid filtration and interstitial/alveolar edema) and hypoxemia. We present a case of NPPE following general anesthesia in a patient who underwent median nerve neurorrhaphy with graft from lower left limb (sural nerve) due to sharp injury.

Patient concerns:
A 39-year-old Hispanic male was admitted to the Hospital Universitario de San José and scheduled to undergo a median nerve neurorrhaphy under general anesthesia. Preoperative vital signs, physical examination, and laboratory assessments were unremarkable. At the end of surgery, anesthetic agents were ceased after patient responded to commands and maintained eye contact. However, immediately after extubation, anesthesia care providers observed marked respiratory distress and rapid development of hypoxia.

Diagnoses:
After extubation, patient presented multiple episodes of hemoptysis, tachypnea (25 per minute), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) of 82% and abundant bilateral pulmonary rales. A baseline chest x-ray revealed symmetric parenchymal opacities with ground-glass attenuation and bilateral multilobar consolidations patterns. The diagnosis of NPPE was established and supportive treatment was initiated.

Interventions:
The patient received noninvasive mechanical ventilation with a PEEP at 10 cmH2O, intravenous furosemide (20 mg.) every 12 hours, and fluids restriction. Patient remained in PACU for continuing monitoring and laboratory/imaging follow-up testing until next morning.

Outcomes:
On postoperative day 1, patient responded satisfactorily to supportive treatment and transferred to the general care floor; oxygen supplementation was discontinued 12 hours after extubation time. On postoperative day 3, after the evaluation of a chest x-ray, patient was discharged to home in stable conditions

Lesson:
The occurrence of NPPE in the perioperative setting could be successfully managed with supportive regimens, effective clinical team coordination, and awareness of the importance of its rapid diagnosis.
A novel mutation of SGSH and clinical features analysis of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA
Authors: Li Xiaohua , Xiao Rui , Chen Baiyu , Yang Guanglu , Zhang Xiaomeng , Fu Zhuo , Fu Junxian , Zhuang Mengli , Huang Yinglong 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and imaging features of a pediatric patient with mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) and a novel mutation of the N-sulfoglucosamine sulfohydrolase (SGSH) in 1 pedigree.

Patient concerns:
An 8-year-old female patient presented with developmental regression, seizures, cerebral atrophy, thickened calvarial diploe, apathy, esotropia, slender build, thick hair, prominent eyebrows, hepatomegaly, ankle clonus, muscle and joint contractures, and funnel chest.

Diagnoses:
The patient was diagnosed as autosomal recessive (AR) MPS IIIA with a novel mutation in the SGSH gene.

Interventions:
Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology was used to detect pathogenic genes, and the Sanger method was applied to perform pedigree verification for the detected suspicious pathogenic mutations.

Outcomes:
The NGS done for the girl and her family showed 2 variations that were both missense mutations in SGSH. The c.1298G > A (p.Arg433Gln) was a known mutation, and the c.630 G > T (p.Trp210Cys) was a novel variation.

Lessons:
The common clinical manifestations of MPS IIIA were rapid developmental regression, seizures, cerebral atrophy, and thickened calvarial diploe. The results showed that the c.630 G > T was likely pathogenic according to bioinformatics analysis, which probably was a novel mutation. This study reports 1 case of MPS IIIA with some clinical features as determined via clinical and genetic analysis, and found a new mutation in the SGSH gene.
Nutritional interventions for the treatment of frailty in older adults: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Moraes Mariana Bordinhon de , Araujo Carolina Fumico Massuda , Avgerinou Christina , Vidal Edison Iglesias de Oliveira 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background:
Frailty has been defined as a clinical syndrome of multicausal origin characterized by a reduction of physiologic reserves that increase the vulnerability of an individual to adverse outcomes such as the development of functional dependence and death. Considered one of the most important geriatric syndromes, frailty's prevention and management represent important goals for gerontology and geriatrics. Although nutrition plays an important role within the multifactorial susceptibility for this syndrome, up to the present no systematic review specifically addressed the effectiveness of nutritional interventions for the treatment of frailty. Therefore, we propose the present systematic review with the aim to assess the effectiveness of nutritional interventions for the treatment of frailty in older adults living in the community or in long-term care facilities.

Methods:
We will search Medline (via Pubmed), Embase, Cinahl, Central, Lilacs, Web of Science, and sources of gray literature. We will accept trials whereby the unit of randomization consisted of individuals or clusters of individuals. Our primary outcome is all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes are quality of life, functional status, cognitive function, frailty status, body composition, and physical activity. Risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. We will analyze the overall strength of the evidence for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. Two independent researchers will conduct all evaluations and any disagreements will be resolved through the participation of a 3rd author. If possible, we will perform random-effects meta-analyses and subgroup analyses concerning specific details of nutritional interventions (e.g., components and duration), research scenario, risk of bias, and criteria used to diagnose frailty.

Conclusion:
In this systematic review protocol we outline the details of the aims and methods of a systematic review on the effectiveness of nutritional interventions for the management of frailty in older adults living in the community or in long-term care facilities”. We believe this wording to be more objective and balanced than the previous one. We understand that it is not ideal to propose changes to the text after manuscripts have been accepted. However, we feel that the new wording of the conclusion section of the abstract is more consistent with the overall content of the main text of the review than its previous version. Hence, we hope you may accept our request.
Elevation of tumor mutation burden in ROS1-fusion lung adenocarcinoma resistant to crizotinib
Authors: Yang Tao , Xu Rui , Yan Bing , Li Fang , Liu Hui 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Rationale:
Although most of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with ROS1-fusions respond to crizotinb, acquired resistance eventually develop. The next-generations of ROS1 inhibitors have made some achievements, but the effects of immunotherapy have not been explored.

Patient concerns:
A 44-year-old Chinese women presented with cough and dyspnea with a history of advanced lung adenocarcinoma.

Diagnosis:
A PET/CT scan revealed primary tumors in bilateral lung lobes and multiple metastases in lymph nodes and bones. And ultrasound-guided left cervical lymph node biopsy revealed the pathological diagnosis was poor differentiated lung adenocarcinoma.

Interventions:
The patients was started to be treated with 4 cycles of pemetrexed, carboplatin and bevacizumab, followed by one cycle of docetaxel, cisplatin and bevacizumab. As the ROS1-fusion was found by next generation sequencing, the patient received crizotinib treatment about 3 months.

Outcomes:
After 5 cycles of chemotherapy, CT scans revealed increased size of bilateral lobe nodules indicative of progressive disease (PD). Then the patient received treatment of crizotinib and his progression-free survival reached 3 months. Due to uncontrollable disease progression, the patient expired.

Lessons:
The genetic profile of NSCLC patients might be altered in various therapeutic processes. Thus, repeated genetic testing might be important at each progression. Moreover, immunotherapy might be a powerful weapon to overcome the resistance to Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in future.
Prospective evaluation of clinical outcomes and quality of life after gastric tube interposition as esophageal reconstruction in children
Authors: Youn Joong Kee , Park Taejin , Kim Soo-Hong , Han Ji-Won , Jang Hyo-Jeong , Oh Chaeyoun , Moon Jin Soo , Choi Young Hun , Park Kwi-Won , Jung Sung-Eun , Kim Hyun-Young 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Few studies on gastric tube interposition for esophageal reconstruction in children have assessed the long-term outcomes and quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term outcomes and QoL after a gastric tube interposition by reviewing our experiences with esophageal reconstruction.
Twenty-six patients were included who underwent gastric tube interposition from 1996 to 2011 at our institution. We reviewed the medical records and conducted telephone surveys, prospectively performed esophagography, endoscopy, 24-hour pH monitoring, and esophageal manometry. The median follow-up period of 12 (range, 3–18) years.
Median age at the time of surgery and survey were 9 (range, 2–50) months and 12.4 (range, 3.1–19.0) years, respectively. There were 14 cases of reoperation of gross type C and B esophageal atresia (EA) and 10 cases of long gap pure EA. The z scores of anthropometric data at the survey did not increase after the operation. Severe stricture in esophagography was observed in 20% of patients, but improved with balloon dilation with intact passage. Gastroesophageal reflux was able to be treated with medications. Esophageal peristalsis was observed in 1 of 8 patients in manometry. No Barrett esophagus or metaplasia was not found from endoscopy. QoL was similar to the general population and did not differ between age groups.
Gastric tube interposition could be considered for esophageal reconstruction in pediatric patients when native esophageal anastomosis is impossible. Nutritional evaluation and support with consecutive radiological evaluation to assess the anastomosis site stricture are advised.