bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative systematics and phylogeography ofQuercusSectionCerrisin western Eurasia: inferences from plastid and nuclear DNA variation
Authors: Simeone Marco Cosimo , Cardoni Simone , Piredda Roberta , Imperatori Francesca , Avishai Michael , Grimm Guido W. , Denk Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Oaks (Quercus) comprise more than 400 species worldwide and centres of diversity for most sections lie in the Americas and East/Southeast Asia. The only exception is the Eurasian sect.Cerristhat comprises about 15 species, most of which are confined to western Eurasia. This section has not been comprehensively studied using molecular tools. Here, we assess species diversity and provide a first comprehensive taxonomic and phylogeographic scheme of western Eurasian members of sect.Cerrisusing plastid (trnH-psbA) and nuclear (5S-IGS) DNA variation with a dense intra-specific and geographic sampling. Chloroplast haplotypes primarily reflected phylogeographic patterns originating from interspecific cytoplasmic gene flow within sect.Cerrisand its sister sectionIlex. We identified two widespread and ancestral haplotypes, and locally restricted derived variants. Signatures shared with Mediterranean species of sect.Ilex, but not with the East AsianCerrisoaks,suggest that the western Eurasian lineage came into contact withIlexonly after the first (early Oligocene) members of sect.Cerrisin Northeast Asia had begun to radiate and move westwards. Nuclear 5S-IGS diversification patterns were more useful for establishing a molecular-taxonomic framework and to reveal hybridization and reticulation. Four main evolutionary lineages were identified. The first lineage is comprised ofQ. libani,Q. trojanaandQ. afaresand appears to be closest to the root of sect.Cerris. These taxa are morphologically most similar to the East Asian species ofCerris, and to both Oligocene and Miocene fossils of East Asia and Miocene fossils of western Eurasia. The second lineage is mainly composed of the widespreadQ. cerrisand the narrow endemic speciesQ. castaneifolia, Q. look, andQ. euboica. The third lineage comprises three Near East species (Q. brantii,Q. ithaburensisandQ. macrolepis), well adapted to continental climates with cold winters. The forth lineage appears to be the most derived and comprisesQ. suberandQ. crenata.Q. cerrisandQ. trojanadisplayed high levels of variation;Q. macrolepisandQ. euboica,previously treated as subspecies ofQ. ithaburensisandQ. trojana,likely deserve independent species status. A trend towards inter-specific crosses was detected in several taxa; however, we found no clear evidence of a hybrid origin ofQ.afaresandQ. crenata, as currently assumed.
Childhood Maltreatment as a Risk Factor for Arthritis: Findings From a Population‐Based Survey of Canadian Adults
Authors: Badley Elizabeth M. , Shields Margot , O'Donnell Siobhan , Hovdestad Wendy E. , Tonmyr Lil 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo establish whether there is a relationship between the frequency and severity of different types of childhood maltreatment and adulthood arthritis.MethodsAnalysis of the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health included 21,889 respondents ages ≥18 years. Severity and frequency of childhood physical abuse (CPA), and childhood sexual abuse (CSA), and the frequency of childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (CEIPV) were assessed by asking about “things that may have happened to you before you were 16 in your school, in your neighborhood, or in your family.” Respondents were also asked about chronic conditions diagnosed by a health professional, including arthritis. Covariates were sociodemographic characteristics, health risk variables (e.g., obesity), mental disorders, and a count of other chronic conditions. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between childhood maltreatment and arthritis.ResultsA total of 17.5% of respondents reported arthritis. A higher prevalence of arthritis was observed for those who had experienced severe and/or frequent childhood maltreatment (32% for CPA and 27% for both CSA and CEIPV). These relationships persisted after controlling for sociodemographic variables. After controlling for all covariates, arthritis remained independently associated with severe and/or frequent CPA (dose‐response relationship) and frequent CEIPV.ConclusionWe found that the greater the frequency and severity of childhood maltreatment, the greater the magnitude of association with arthritis. This might reflect the role of the enduring immune and metabolic abnormalities and chronic inflammation associated with childhood maltreatment in the etiopathogensis of osteoarthritis (OA) or be an indicator of the role of joint injury in causing OA.
Controllable Interface‐Induced Co‐Assembly toward Highly Ordered Mesoporous Pt@TiO2/g‐C3N4 Heterojunctions with Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Zou Yidong , Yang Beibei , Liu Yang , Ren Yuan , Ma Junhao , Zhou Xinran , Cheng Xiaowei , Deng Yonghui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTitania‐based materials have aroused great attention in energy conversion and photocatalytic degradation, but they suffer from the drawbacks of fast electron–hole recombination and narrow light‐adsorption range. Here, a series of heterojunction mesoporous TiO2/g‐C3N4 (mTiO2/g‐C3N4) composites with improved light‐adsorption capacity and efficient light‐capturing property are designed through a novel solid–liquid interface induced co‐assembly strategy and controlling the interface property of g‐C3N4. Through introducing Pt precursor during the synthesis, ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles are in situ generated in the mTiO2/g‐C3N4 composites, forming mesoporous Pt@TiO2/g‐C3N4 (mPt @ TiO2/g‐C3N4‐4.0) with abundant surface active sites, and huge heterojunction interfaces. The obtained mPt @ TiO2/g‐C3N4‐4.0 photocatalysts have narrow band gap (≈2.96 eV) and superior performance in promoting separation of photogenerated charge carriers. They show ultrahigh photocurrent density (≈8.3 µA cm−2) that is five times higher than that of mTiO2/g‐C3N4‐4.0 (≈1.6 µA cm−2) due to the effective charge separation between the semiconductors and Pt nanoparticles, as well as the synergistic effect at heterojunction interfaces. In addition, mPt @ TiO2/g‐C3N4 photocatalysts show excellent performance in photodegradation of rhodamine B with fast decomposition rate within 8 min. These results foresee the wide‐range applications of the composite photocatalysts potential candidates for solar‐to‐fuel conversion and environmental remediation.
Nanofiltration composite membranes of polyethersulfone and graphene oxide and sulfonated graphene oxide
Authors: Gholami Nader , Mahdavi Hossein 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present study, the polyethersulfone (PES) mixed matrix nanofiltration membranes with the embedding of the graphene oxide (GO) and sulfonated graphene oxide (s‐GO) nanoparticles were fabricated via phase inversion method. The effect of GO and s‐GO on the morphology and performance‐fabricated PES membrane was evaluated in terms of pure water flux, dye retention, salt rejection, heavy metal removal, and antifouling properties. The fabricated membranes were characterized using FE‐SEM, AFM, and water contact angle and porosity measurement. As a result, by adding GO and s‐GO nanoparticles, the pure water flux (PWF) of mentioned membranes significantly improved due to the higher hydrophilicity. The increased hydrophilicity of the mentioned membranes was proved by the water contact angle data. The evaluation of nanofiltration performance was assessed by rejection measurement of cationic and anionic dyes. The rejection of heavy metals in the following order 97.5%, 87.8%, 76.3%, and 60.6% for Cr, Cd, Cu, and Ni, respectively, was obtained for the sample that contains 1 wt% s‐GO. Moreover, other nanocomposite membranes showed relatively good results. The rejection results showed that GO and s‐GO nanoparticles embedded membranes have higher dye retention ability than the bare PES. Fouling resistance of the membranes was evaluated by filtration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. The results of antifouling properties showed that the membrane containing 0.5 wt% s‐GO had the best fouling resistance.
Distinct Iron Deposition Profiles of Liver Zones in Various Models with Iron Homeostasis Disorders
Authors: Song Haoyang , Zhang Shuping , Sun Xia , Liu Jing , Wu Yakun , Guo Wenli , Wang Fudi , Ou Xiaojuan , Cong Min , Jin Erhu , Li Wenyong , Liu Sijin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDetermination of iron accumulation is crucial in diagnosing the occurrence and progression of many liver‐ and iron‐related diseases. Thus far, little is known about the profiles of iron deposition in different liver zones, particularly under conditions with disordered iron homeostasis. Here, uneven iron distribution in livers of patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is uncovered, showing the region with the highest iron concentration near the entrance site of the portal vein and hepatic artery in contrast to the sites with the lowest iron concentration close to the distal edge. Distinct iron distribution profiles are also found throughout liver zones in wild‐type mice and various mouse models with iron metabolism disorders, including hemochromatosis (Hfe−/−), iron deficiency, and inflammation. Of note, similar findings observed in HH patients are further demonstrated in Hfe−/− mice. Moreover, the zones with greater iron accumulation appear to be more sensitive to iron changes, e.g., there is iron increase upon iron overload and iron loss in response to iron deficiency. Mechanistic investigation manifests that these differential iron changes in liver zones are subjected to the regulation by the hepcidin–ferroportin axis. Additionally, the data corroborate the reliability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in recognizing the differential iron deposition profiles among liver zones.
High‐Efficiency (LixCu1−x)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Kesterite Solar Cells with Lithium Alloying
Authors: Cabas‐Vidani Antonio , Haass Stefan G. , Andres Christian , Caballero Raquel , Figi Renato , Schreiner Claudia , Márquez José A. , Hages Charles , Unold Thomas , Bleiner Davide , Tiwari Ayodhya N. , Romanyuk Yaroslav E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe performance‐boosting effect of alkali treatments is well known for chalcogenide thin‐film solar cells based on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe–kesterite) absorbers. In contrast to heavier alkali elements, lithium is expected to alloy with the kesterite phase leading to the solid solution (LixCu1−x)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (LCZTSSe), which offers a way of tuning the semiconductor bandgap by changing the ratio Li/(Li+Cu). Here is presented an experimental series of solution‐processed LCZTSSe with lithium fraction Li/(Li+Cu) ranging from x = 0 to 0.12 in the selenized absorber as measured by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The proportional increase in lattice parameter a and bandgap from 1.05 to 1.18 eV confirms the lithium alloying in the kesterite phase. Increase in grain size is observed for x up to 0.07, whereas a higher lithium fraction leads to a porous absorber morphology due to an inhomogeneous distribution of Li‐containing compounds in the kesterite layer. An increase of the photoluminescence quantum yield is observed as the Li fraction increases in the absorber layer. A champion device exhibits a remarkable efficiency of 11.6% (12.2% active area) for x = 0.06, close to the world record value of 12.6% demonstrating the effectiveness of lithium alloying.
Highly Durable and Stable Sodium Superoxide in Concentrated Electrolytes for Sodium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Park Hyeokjun , Kim Jinsoo , Lee Myeong Hwan , Park Sung Kwan , Kim Do‐Hoon , Bae Youngjoon , Ko Youngmin , Lee Byungju , Kang Kisuk 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRechargeable sodium–oxygen batteries have attracted considerable interest as promising candidates for next‐generation batteries owing to their large energy density, high energy efficiency, and potential cost‐effectiveness. The intrinsic stability of the discharge product, sodium superoxide, results in highly reversible solution‐based electrochemistry in sodium–oxygen batteries, leading to their higher energy efficiency and reversibility compared with their lithium counterparts. However, recent studies have shown that extended storage of sodium superoxide in ethereal electrolytes induces dissolution of the sodium superoxide and undesirable chemical reactions with the electrolytes, resulting in significant degradation of the cell reversibility. In this study, the use of high‐concentration electrolytes is explored to obstruct the dissolution of sodium superoxide and to suppress parasitic reactions during storage of sodium–oxygen batteries. Unique solvated structures are identified with the elimination of free solvents through systematic investigations using controlled electrolyte concentrations. Time‐resolved ex situ characterizations reveal that sodium superoxide stored in concentrated electrolyte exhibits far greater stability and prolonged lifetime than that stored in conventional electrolytes. It is finally demonstrated that the highly durable sodium superoxide in the concentrated electrolyte succeeds in preserving both the high energy efficiency and oxygen reversibility of sodium–oxygen batteries even with long rest periods every cycle.
Rational Design of Dodecahedral MnCo2O4.5 Hollowed‐Out Nanocages as Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution
Authors: Bai Zhengyu , Heng Jinmeng , Zhang Qing , Yang Lin , Chang Fangfang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEfficient bifunctional electrocatalysts are in demand to increase kinetics of oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR and OER) for rechargeable zinc–air batteries. In this work, dodecahedral MnCo2O4.5 hollowed‐out nanocages are synthesized using a seed‐mediated coordination chemistry of metal–organic frameworks. The hollowed‐out MnCo2O4.5 nanocages used as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts exhibit high catalytic activity and excellent stability for both ORR and OER in alkaline media, which can be attributed to both the hierarchical porosity and stable hollowed‐out structure that not only facilitate fast charge transfer reaction but also prevent the agglomeration of MnCo2O4.5 nanoparticles. The dodecahedral hollowed‐out MnCo2O4.5 nanocages as the air electrode catalyst can deliver good stability in a rechargeable zinc–air battery. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images, X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the electrocatalyst were measured again after durability tests. There is no significant influence on the morphologies, compositions, and structures before and after durability tests.
High‐risk group of upper and middle mediastinal lymph node metastasis in patients with esophagogastric junction carcinoma
Authors: Yura Masahiro , Takeuchi Hiroya , Fukuda Kazumasa , Nakamura Rieko , Suda Koichi , Wada Norihito , Kawakubo Hirofumi , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to clarify esophagogastric junction (EGJ) carcinoma patients who are at high risk of upper and middle mediastinal lymph node (MLN) metastasis.MethodsThis was a retrospective study and included 110 consecutive patients with EGJ carcinoma who underwent R0/R1 resection at Keio University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2013.ResultsOf the 110 patients, 18 (16.3%) had MLN metastasis, and the number increased to 23 (20.9%) when recurrence cases were added (adenocarcinoma, N = 11; squamous cell carcinoma, N = 12). Patients whose tumor epicenter was located above the EGJ had a significantly higher incidence of MLN metastasis/recurrence (18/51 [35.3%]) than those whose tumor epicenter was located below the EGJ (5/59 [8.5%]). The MLN metastasis/recurrence rate was particularly high when the distance from the EGJ to the proximal edge of the primary tumor was >3 cm for the upper and middle mediastinum (18.8%). Patients in a selected group (≥T2 and tumor epicenter located above the EGJ or below the EGJ with ≥3 cm esophageal invasion) showed 17.9% and 15.4% upper and middle MLN metastasis/recurrence rates, respectively. Therapeutic value of MLN dissection was relatively high (#105 + 106: 8.9, #110: 12.2).ConclusionsTherapeutic value of MLN dissection to treat EGJ carcinomas was relatively high in patients with MLN metastasis. Our algorithm could select patients at high risk for MLN metastasis.
Impact of T‐cell depletion strategies on outcomes following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for idiopathic aplastic anemia: A study on behalf of the European blood and marrow transplant severe aplastic anemia working party
Authors: Samarasinghe Sujith , Clesham Katherine , Iacobelli Simona , Sbianchi Giulia , Knol Cora , Hamladji Rose‐Marie , Socié Gerard , Aljurf Mahmoud , Koh Mickey , Sengeloev Henrik , Dalle Jean‐Hugues , Robinson Stephen , Van Lint Maria Teresa , Halkes Constantijn J. M. , Beelen Dietrich , Mufti Ghulam J. , Snowden John , Blaise Didier , de Latour Regis Peffault , Marsh Judith , Dufour Carlo , Risitano Antonio M ,   Severe Aplastic Anaemia Working Party of the EBMT
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 1837 adults and children with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) who underwent matched sibling donor (MSD) and matched unrelated donor (MUD) hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) between 2000 and 2013. Patients were grouped by transplant conditioning containing either anti‐thymocyte globulin (ATG) (n = 1283), alemtuzumab (n = 261), or no serotherapy (NS) (n = 293). The risks of chronic GvHD were significantly reduced when ATG or alemtuzumab were compared with NS (P = .021 and .003, respectively). Acute GVHD was significantly reduced in favor of alemtuzumab compared with ATG (P = .012) and NS (P < .001). By multivariate analysis, when compared with ATG, alemtuzumab was associated with a lower risk of developing acute (OR 0.262; 95% CI 0.14‐0.47; P < .001) and chronic GVHD (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.35‐0.94; P = .027). OS was significantly better in ATG and alemtuzumab patients compared with NS (P = .010 and .025). Our data shows inclusion of serotherapy in MSD and MUD HSCT for patients with SAA reduces chronic GVHD and provides a survival advantage over patients not receiving serotherapy. Notably, alemtuzumab reduced the risk of acute and chronic GvHD compared with ATG and indicates that alemtuzumab might be the serotherapy of choice for MSD and MUD transplants for SAA.
Sound Generating Structures of the Humpback Dolphin Sousa plumbea (Cuvier, 1829) and the Directionality in Dolphin Sounds
Authors: Frainer Guilherme , Plön Stephanie , Serpa Nathalia B. , Moreno Ignacio B. , Huggenberger Stefan 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe macroscopic morphology of structures involved in sound generation in the Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea) were described for the first time using computed tomography imaging and standard gross dissection techniques. The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin may represent a useful comparative model to the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops sp.) to provide insights into the functional anatomy of the sound production in dolphins, since these coastal dolphins exhibit similar body size and share similarities on acoustic behavior. The general arrangement of sound generating structures, that is, air sacs and muscles, was similar in both the bottlenose dolphin and the Indian Ocean humpback dolphin. The main difference between the two species existed in a small left posterior branch of the melon in the Indian Ocean humpback dolphin, which was not found in the bottlenose dolphin and might reflect an adaptation of directionality for high frequency communication sounds as seen in some other delphinids (e.g., Lagenorhynchus sp., Grampus griseus). Thus, this may be the main reason for the asymmetry of the sound production structures in dolphins. Additionally, the longer rostrum in Indian Ocean humpback dolphins might suggest a more directional echolocation beam compared to the Lahille's bottlenose dolphin. Anat Rec, 302:849–860, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
5‐Hydroxytryptamine and Dopamine Neurons in the Cerebellum of the New‐Hatching Yangtze AlligatorAlligator sinensis
Authors: Ren Shijia , Chen Meifang , Yang Lanying , Liu Zaiqun 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTNissl and immunohistochemical staining methods were used to morphologically characterize the cerebellum of the new‐hatching Yangtze alligator, and the cerebellar histological structure and the distribution profiles of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and dopamine (DA) neurons were investigated for the first time. The results of cerebellar histological structure showed that there was a ventriculus cerebelli in the cerebellum of the new‐hatching Yangtze alligator, the surface of the cerebellar cortex was not very smooth, the cerebellar cortex could be divided into four layers, which include external granular layer, molecular layer, Purkinje cell layer and granular layer, Purkinje cell layer could be characterized specially by multilayer, two cerebellar nuclei termed as the nucleus cerebelli lateralis and the nucleus cerebelli medialis were found in the cerebellar medulla. 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐immunoreactive (5‐HT‐IR) and dopamine‐immunoreactive (DA‐IR) neurons and fibers distributed widely in the cerebellum. The structures and profiles of 5‐HT‐IR and DA‐IR neurons and fibers in the cerebellum of the Yangtze alligator were similar to that reported in other reptiles, but also had some specific features. The abundance of 5‐HT and DA in cerebellum suggested that these highly conserved neurotransmitters would play important roles in motor control. Anat Rec, 302:861–868, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Good Vibrations: The Evolution of Whisking in Small Mammals
Authors: Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Wible John R. , Corfe Ian , Sullivan Matthew , Grant Robyn A. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWhile most mammals have whiskers, some tactile specialists—mainly small, nocturnal, and arboreal species—can actively move their whiskers in a symmetrical, cyclic movement called whisking. Whisking enables mammals to rapidly, tactually scan their environment to efficiently guide locomotion and foraging in complex habitats. The muscle architecture that enables whisking is preserved from marsupials to primates, prompting researchers to suggest that a common ancestor might have had moveable whiskers. Studying the evolution of whisker touch sensing is difficult, and we suggest that measuring an aspect of skull morphology that correlates with whisking would enable comparisons between extinct and extant mammals. We find that whisking mammals have larger infraorbital foramen (IOF) areas, which indicates larger infraorbital nerves and an increase in sensory acuity. While this relationship is quite variable and IOF area cannot be used to solely predict the presence of whisking, whisking mammals all have large IOF areas. Generally, this pattern holds true regardless of an animal's substrate preferences or activity patterns. Data from fossil mammals and ancestral character state reconstruction and tracing techniques for extant mammals suggest that whisking is not the ancestral state for therian mammals. Instead, whisking appears to have evolved independently as many as seven times across the clades Marsupialia, Afrosoricida, Eulipotyphla, and Rodentia, with Xenarthra the only placental superordinal clade lacking whisking species. However, the term whisking only captures symmetrical and rhythmic movements of the whiskers, rather than all possible whisker movements, and early mammals may still have had moveable whiskers. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 American Association for Anatomy.