bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioclimatic conditions of the Portuguese wine denominations of origin under changing climates
Authors: Santos Mónica , Fonseca André , Fraga Helder , Jones Gregory V. , Santos João A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWine production and quality are highly sensitive to local weather variability and climatic conditions. To assess these characteristics, this research examines high‐resolution bioclimatic zoning over 50 protected denominations of origin (DOs)/sub‐regions in mainland Portugal through the analysis of two selected bioclimatic indices (dryness and Huglin indices). The analysis is based on a new very high‐resolution dataset over mainland Portugal and for a baseline period (1981–2015). Climate change projections are also assessed for two scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) and using a 5‐member climate model ensemble over the future periods of 2041–2070 and 2071–2100. A principal component analysis was applied to the time mean spatial patterns of the two selected bioclimatic indices, for the baseline period (1981–2015) and only over the planted vineyard cover areas in each region, isolating a new optimized combined index which was used for subsequent analysis. The results for the present conditions highlight the spatial variability of Portuguese DO/sub‐regions. This study also shows that for the future periods, and regardless of the scenario, the wine sector in Portugal will likely see important bioclimatic changes across most DOs. Increases in the growing‐season mean temperatures in all the Portuguese winemaking DO/sub‐regions, accompanied by increasing severe dryness, are projected in future climates, mainly in south‐eastern Portugal and along the upper Douro Valley (Douro Superior) in north‐eastern Portugal. These DO/sub‐regions are projected to become much drier than currently so that irrigation or the introduction of new varieties are likely adaptation measures to maintain the viability and sustainability of regional viticulture in future decades.
Pretreatment Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Network Metrics Predict the Strength of the Association Between Node Change and Network Change During Treatment
Authors: Papini Santiago , Rubin Mikael , Telch Michael J. , Smits Jasper A. J. , Hien Denise A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNetwork analysis has been increasingly applied in an effort to understand complex interactions among symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although methods that initially focused on identifying central symptoms in cross‐sectional networks have been extended to longitudinal data that can reveal the relative roles of acute symptoms in the emergence of the PTSD syndrome, the association between network metrics and symptom change during treatment have yet to be explored in PTSD. To address this gap, we estimated pretreatment PTSD symptom networks in a sample of patients from a multisite clinical trial for women with full or subthreshold PTSD and substance use. We tested the hypothesis that node metrics calculated in the pretreatment network would be predictive of the strength of the association between a symptom's change and the change in the severity of all other symptoms through the course of treatment. A symptom node's strength and predictability in the pretreatment network were each strongly correlated with the association between that symptom's change and overall change across the symptom network, r(15) = .79, p < .001 and r(15) = .75, p < .001, respectively, whereas a symptom's mean severity at pretreatment was not, r(15) = .27, p = .292. These findings suggest that a node's centrality prior to treatment engagement is a predictor of its association with overall symptom change throughout the treatment process.
Assessment of the systematic errors caused by diffusion gradient inhomogeneity in DTI‐computer simulations
Authors: Borkowski Karol , Krzyżak Artur T. 
Published: July 2019

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a powerful MRI modality that allows the investigation of the microstructure of tissues both in vivo and noninvasively. Its reliability is strictly dependent on the performance of diffusion‐sensitizing gradients, of which spatial nonuniformity is a known issue in the case of virtually all clinical MRI scanners.The influence of diffusion gradient inhomogeneity on the accuracy of the diffusion tensor imaging was investigated by means of computer simulations supported by an MRI experiment performed at the isocenter and 15 cm away. The DTI measurements of two diffusion phantoms were simulated assuming a nonuniform diffusion‐sensitizing gradient and various levels of noise. Thereafter, the tensors were calculated by two methods: (i) assuming a spatially constant b‐matrix (standard DTI) and (ii) applying the b‐matrix spatial distribution in the DTI (BSD‐DTI) technique, a method of indicating the b‐matrix for each voxel separately using an anisotropic phantom as a standard of diffusion. The average eigenvalues and fractional anisotropy across the homogeneous region of interest were calculated and compared with the expected values.Diffusion gradient inhomogeneity leads to overestimation of the largest eigenvalue, underestimation of the smallest one and thus overestimation of fractional anisotropy. The effect is similar to that caused by noise; however, it could not be corrected by increasing SNR.The MRI measurements, performed using a 3 T clinical scanner, revealed that the split of the eigenvalues measured 15 cm away from the isocenter is significant (up to 25%). The BSD‐DTI calibration allowed the reduction of the measured fractional anisotropy of the isotropic medium from 0.174 to 0.031, suggesting that gradient inhomogeneity was the main cause of this error. For the phantom measured at the isocenter, however, the split was almost not observed; the average eigenvalues were shifted from the expected value by ~ 5%.
Micronutrient Deficiencies in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Ehrlich Shay , Mark Anat Guz , Rinawi Firas , Shamir Raanan , Assa Amit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundChildren with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are at risk of developing nutrition deficiencies, particularly because of reduced intake, restrictive diets, malabsorption, and excessive nutrient loss. In this study, we aimed to assess the status of trace elements, minerals, and vitamins in a large cohort of children with IBDs.MethodsMedical records of children diagnosed with IBDs during 2000–2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Retrieved data included demographics, disease characteristics, disease activity indices, anthropometric measures, and specific trace elements, minerals, and vitamins at diagnosis and during follow‐up.ResultsOut of 359 children with IBD (158 [44%] females, median age at diagnosis 14.1 years, interquartile range [IQR] 12.0–16.0), 240 (67%) were diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) and 119 (33%) with ulcerative colitis (UC). Median follow‐up time was 7 years (IQR 5–10). The prevalence of deficiencies in patients with CD at diagnosis and last follow‐up, respectively, were iron (88% and 39.5%), zinc (53% and 11.5%), vitamin D (39% and 36%), and folic acid (10% and 13%). In patients with UC, frequencies were: iron (77% and 40%), vitamin D (49% and 33%), zinc (31% and 10%), and folic acid (3.8% and 9.7%). Magnesium and vitamin B12 deficiencies were rare. For both diseases, iron deficiency was associated with hypoalbuminemia. Deficiencies in iron and zinc were more common in patients with CD than those with UC.ConclusionsDeficiencies in iron, zinc, and vitamin D are common at pediatric IBD diagnosis with limited improvement during follow‐up, whereas deficiencies in magnesium and vitamin B12 are rare.
Associations of dry skin, skin care habits, well‐being, sleep quality and itch in nursing home residents: Results of a multicentre, observational, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hahnel Elisabeth , Blume‐Peytavi Ulrike , Kottner Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimDry skin is one of the most frequent cutaneous problems in aged long‐term care residents. Although it is clinically relevant, the impact on quality of life is unclear. The objective was to measure well‐being, sleep quality and itch in nursing home residents being 65 years and older and to explore possible associations with demographics, dry skin and skincare habits.DesignMulticentre, observational, cross‐sectional.MethodsSleep quality was assessed with the Richards‐Campbell Sleep Quality Questionnaire, well‐being with the WHO‐Five Well‐being Index and itch with the 5‐D Itch scale. Skin dryness was measured using the Overall Dry Skin score.ResultsA total of 51 residents were included. The item scores of the sleep quality and itch questionnaires were strongly associated with each other. Demographics, dry skin and skincare habits were not associated with the questionnaires. It is unclear whether basic skincare activities can improve the quality of life in this population.
Scale dependency in drivers of outdoor recreation in England
Authors: Graham Laura J. , Eigenbrod Felix 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Managing landscapes for multiple, sometimes conflicting, objectives requires an understanding of the trade‐offs and synergies between ecosystem services (ES). These trade‐offs and synergies are often the result of drivers acting at different scales. Therefore, in order to understand trade‐offs and synergies it is important that we understand the scale dependency in drivers of ES.

Here, we examine scale dependencies in the drivers of outdoor recreation in England to better understand trade‐offs between different aspects of this ES. We focus on outdoor recreation because it is culturally and economically important; it is the result of a range of social and biophysical attributes which vary at different scales; and proxies that are independent of these drivers exist.

First, we tested the hypothesis that a social media‐based proxy (photographs from Flickr) represents ‘destination’ recreation (e.g. day trips and overnight visits). We did so by comparing to a survey‐based proxy, which is known to represent ‘day‐to‐day’ recreation (e.g. dog walking, visiting local parks). Second, we examined the scale dependencies in the social and biophysical drivers of both types of outdoor recreation.

Flickr data were best explained by variables capturing supply of recreation; whereas, the survey data were best explained by variables capturing demand for recreation. This confirms our hypothesis that Flickr data measure ‘destination’ recreation given that the survey data measure ‘day‐to‐day’ recreation. In both cases, the importance of demand variables increased with increasing spatial resolution.

Understanding what a proxy measures provides us with information about how to use it. We conclude that Flickr data may be useful to plan at broad scales, but that to plan for equitable day‐to‐day recreation, specially designed survey data may be more appropriate. Estimating the scale dependencies in drivers of outdoor recreation gets us a step closer to a mechanistic understanding of the social‐ecological system.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Current transport efficiency analysis of multijunction solar cells by luminescence imaging
Authors: Xu Hao , Delamarre Amaury , Yu Jeco Bernice Mae F. , Johnson Hugh , Watanabe Kentaroh , Okada Yoshitaka , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Nakano Yoshiaki , Sugiyama Masakazu 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultijunction solar cells are currently leading in efficiency among all types of solar cells. However, the efficiency of those cells under concentrated illumination is limited by the trade‐off between shadowing by the contact grid and series resistances. In this paper, we provide a method using luminescence to image the current transport efficiency for a precise and rapid measurement of the resistance effect. Light beam induced current (LBIC) measurement is used for the first time to calculate current transport efficiency in comparison with that of the luminescence method. Profiles of transport efficiency in both means are in good agreement. Furthermore, a quasi‐3‐D simulation using SPICE is used to explain the transport efficiency image. We find that the carrier transport efficiency distribution is primarily influenced by the perimeter recombination of the middle cell.
Effect of estimation under nonnormality on the phase II performance of linear profile monitoring approaches
Authors: Aytaçoğlu Burcu , Türker Bayrak Özlem 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe number of studies about control charts proposed to monitor profiles, where the quality of a process/product is expressed as function of response and explanatory variable(s), has been increasing in recent years. However, most authors assume that the in‐control parameter values are known in phase II analysis and the error terms are normally distributed. These assumptions are rarely satisfied in practice. In this study, the performance of EWMA‐R, EWMA‐3, and EWMA‐3(d2) methods for monitoring simple linear profiles is examined via simulation where the in‐control parameters are estimated and innovations have a Student's t distribution or gamma distribution. Instead of the average run length (ARL) and the standard deviation of run length, we used average and standard deviation of the ARL as performance measures in order to capture the sampling variation among different practitioners. It is seen that the estimation effect becomes more severe when the number of phase I profiles used in estimation decreases, as expected, and as the distribution deviates from normality to a greater extent. Besides, although the average ARL values get closer to the desired values as the amount of phase I data increases, their standard deviations remain far away from the acceptable level indicating a high practitioner‐to‐practitioner variability.
A Pt(II)‐based Hexagonal Ionic Supramolecular Coordination Complex and its DNA Interactions.
Authors: Singh Khushwant , Kumari Sonam , Jana Achintya , Das Prolay , Das Neeladri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA pyrimidine based organic donor clip with pendant pyridyl rings has been designed for its use in construction of a supramolecular coordination complex (SCC). This molecule is a new addition to the library of “nitrogen donor ligands” that have been used as building blocks to yield SCCs of various shapes and sizes. Its self‐assembly with a suitable complementary metal based acceptor tecton yielded a unique [1 + 1] hexagonal macrocycle that was characterized using a suite of analytical tools. The platina metallacycle has a hexagonal cavity and is nano‐dimensional in size. The self‐assembled ensembles were found to interact significantly with DNA and they also demonstrate positive nuclease activity with DNA relative to its donor/acceptor building blocks.
Opportunities for measurements of astrophysical‐relevant alpha‐capture reaction rates at CRYRING@ESR
Authors: Forstner Oliver , Bemmerer Daniel , Cowan Thomas E. , Dressler Rugard , Junghans Arnd R. , Schumann Dorothea , Stöhlker Thomas , Szücs Tamás , Wagner Andreas , Zuber Kai 
Published: July 2019

The heavy‐ion storage ring CRYRING@ESR has recently been installed and commissioned at GSI as one of the first installations of the upcoming Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). It is designed to store highly charged ions in the energy range between 300 keV/u and about 10 MeV/u. It will incorporate a gas‐jet target providing high‐density jets of, among other gases, hydrogen and helium. This will allow to study alpha‐capture reaction rates of astrophysical interest in the energy range of the Gamow window for core‐collapse supernovae. Special interest comes from the long‐lived radio‐isotope 44Ti (t1/2 = 58.9 years), which is supposed to be produced in the alpha‐rich freeze‐out during such an event. The nucleosynthesis of this isotope is of great interest, as the amount of material produced can be estimated by direct observation in remnants of recent supernovae. The disagreements between the observations and the estimations from astrophysical models show the need of more experimental data for the production and consumption reactions in the energy range of a core‐collapse supernova. In this article, we will describe the proposed method of injecting beams of 44Ti into CRYRING@ESR and performing the actual reaction rate measurements.
Modeling the distribution of Nonggang Babbler Stachyris nonggangensis, a threatened bird of limestone karst forests of the Sino-Vietnam border, and implications for its conservation
Authors: JIANG DEMENG , GOODALE EBEN , YANG GANG , YU LIJIANG , JIANG AIWU , LUO XU 
Published: July 2019

SummaryInformation on the geographic distribution of a species is fundamental for its conservation. Nonggang Babbler Stachyris nonggangensis (NB) is a rare and newly discovered species that is restricted to limestone karst forest on the Sino-Vietnamese border and has been classified as ‘Vulnerable’ due to its narrow distribution. However, the extent of the habitat suitable for NB is poorly known. We conducted a species distribution model (SDM) using 33 occurrence data and nine environmental variables. The SDM suggested highly suitable habitat covers 541 km2, and habitat with a medium and low level of suitability covers 3,218 km2 and 722 km2, respectively. Of the entire suitable habitat (low through high), 25.8% is in northern Vietnam and the rest is in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China (especially concentrated in northern Longzhou and southern Daxing Counties). Unfortunately, only 12.4% of the entire suitable habitat is known to be occupied, and the habitat outside the reserves is highly threatened by fragmentation and degradation. Globally, NB is apparently isolated in only four sites, including one site in which we discovered its presence during field validation of the model. Based on this work, we suggest upgrading NB to the ‘Endangered’ category on the IUCN Red List and adding it to the list of endangered species of both China and Vietnam.
Validation of the Pediatric Physiological and Anatomical Triage Score in Injured Pediatric Patients
Authors: Muguruma Takashi , Toida Chiaki , Furugori Shintaro , Abe Takeru , Takeuchi Ichiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Triaging plays an important role in providing suitable care to a large number of casualties in a disaster setting. A Pediatric Physiological and Anatomical Triage Score (PPATS) was developed as a new secondary triage method. This study aimed to validate the accuracy of the PPATS in identifying injured pediatric patients who are admitted at a high frequency and require immediate treatment in a disaster setting. The PPATS method was also compared with the current triage methods, such as the Triage Revised Trauma Score (TRTS).Methods:A retrospective review of pediatric patients aged ≤15 years, registered in the Japan Trauma Data Bank (JTDB) from 2012 through 2016, was conducted and PPATS was performed. The PPATS method graded patients from zero to 22, and was calculated based on vital signs, anatomical abnormalities, and the need for life-saving interventions. It categorized patients based on their priority, and the intensive care unit (ICU)-indicated patients were assigned a PPATS ≥six. The accuracy of PPATS and TRTS in predicting the outcome of ICU-indicated patients was compared.Results:Of 2,005 pediatric patients, 1,002 (50%) were admitted to the ICU. The median age of the patients was nine years (interquartile range [IQR]: 6-13 years). The sensitivity and specificity of PPATS were 78.6% and 43.7%, respectively. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was larger for PPATS (0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59-0.63) than for TRTS (0.57; 95% CI, 0.56-0.59; P &lt;.01). Regression analysis showed a significant correlation between PPATS and the Injury Severity Score (ISS; r2 = 0.353; P &lt;.001), predicted survival rate (r2 = 0.396; P &lt;.001), and duration of hospital stay (r2 = 0.252; P &lt;.001).Conclusion:The accuracy of PPATS for injured pediatric patients was superior to that of current secondary triage methods. The PPATS method is useful not only for identifying high-priority patients, but also for determining the priority ranking for medical treatments and evacuation.
“I Didn’t Lie, I Misspoke”: Voters’ Responses to Questionable Campaign Claims
Authors: Simas Elizabeth N. , Murdoch Doug 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLies and half-truths are commonplace in US politics. While there is a growing literature examining questionable statements, relatively little attention has been given to the consequences that befall the sources. We address this gap by looking at how a candidate’s sex shapes citizens’ reactions to a factually dubious statement. We argue and show that subjects from the opposing party display a greater desire and tendency to punish a female candidate. Subjects from the candidate’s same party, however, appear to be more forgiving when the candidate is portrayed as a woman versus a man. In total, our findings suggest that gender and partisan biases may operate in tandem to both help and harm female political candidates who “misspeak.”
Northern Hemisphere Land Monsoon Precipitation Increased by the Green Sahara During Middle Holocene
Authors: Sun Weiyi , Wang Bin , Zhang Qiong , Pausata Francesco S. R. , Chen Deliang , Lu Guonian , Yan Mi , Ning Liang , Liu Jian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChanges in land cover and dust emission may significantly influence the Northern Hemisphere land monsoon precipitation (NHLMP), but observations are too short to fully evaluate their impacts. The “Green Sahara” during the mid‐Holocene (6,000 years BP) provides an opportunity to unravel these mechanisms. Here we show that during the mid‐Holocene, most of the NHLMP changes revealed by proxy data are reproduced by the Earth System model results when the Saharan vegetation cover and dust reduction are taken into consideration. The simulated NHLMP significantly increases by 33.10% under the effect of the Green Sahara. The North African monsoon precipitation increases most significantly. Additionally, the Saharan vegetation (dust reduction under vegetated Sahara) alone remotely intensifies the Asian (North American) monsoon precipitation through large‐scale atmospheric circulation changes. These findings imply that future variations in land cover and dust emissions may appreciably influence the NHLMP.
Hindcasting Magma Reservoir Stability Preceding the 2008 Eruption of Okmok, Alaska
Authors: Albright J. A. , Gregg P. M. , Lu Z. , Freymueller J. T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVolcanic eruptions pose a significant and sometimes unpredictable hazard, especially at systems that display little to no precursory signals. For example, the 2008 eruption of Okmok volcano in Alaska notably lacked observable short‐term precursors despite years of low‐level unrest. This unpredictability highlights that direct monitoring alone is not always enough to reliably forecast eruptions. In this study, we use the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) to produce a successful hindcast of the Okmok magma system in the lead up to its 2008 eruption. By assimilating geodetic observations of ground deformation, finite element models track the evolving stress state of the magma system and evaluate its stability using mechanical failure criteria. The hindcast successfully indicates an increased eruption likelihood due to tensile failure weeks in advance of the 2008 eruption. The effectiveness of this hindcast illustrates that EnKF‐based forecasting methods may provide critical information on eruption probability in systems lacking obvious precursors.