bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
J0453-6655, the Supernova Remnant in N4D
Authors: Seward F. D. , Smith R. K. , Slane P. O. , Murray S. S. , Points S. D. , Gordon A. J. R. , Dickel J. R. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The Large Magellanic Cloud supernova remnant J0453-6655 in the H ii region N4 has been observed with XMM-Newton and with Chandra. Almost all of the diffuse X-ray emission is from within a 3.′5 × 2.′3 region of bright optical filaments, and X-ray results from XMM-Newton and Chandra are very similar. Spectra indicate that the plasma is close to equilibrium and that the remnant is likely the result of a Type II supernova powered by the collapse of a <12 M
⊙ star. Composition, density, and mass of the X-ray-emitting plasma are derived, and the age of the remnant is estimated to be 60–80 kyr. There is an apparent blowout of energy into an adjoining cavity. Because cooling neutron stars are objects of interest, the surrounding sky is searched for possible compact remnants of the core. There are six point-like sources within the remnant, all rather faint. Two are probably background active galactic nuclei. The others have soft spectral components and no IR counterparts, but, with the present data, none can be proved to be a neutron star. They do represent upper limits to any neutron star luminosity.
Three-phase Evolution of a Coronal Hole. I. 360° Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations
Authors: Heinemann Stephan G. , Temmer Manuela , Hofmeister Stefan J. , Veronig Astrid M. , Vennerstrøm Susanne 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We investigate the evolution of a well-observed, long-lived, low-latitude coronal hole (CH) over 10 solar rotations in the year 2012. By combining extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imagery from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatories (STEREO-A/B) and the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), we are able to track and study the entire evolution of the CH having a continuous 360° coverage of the Sun. The remote sensing data are investigated together with in situ solar wind plasma and magnetic field measurements from STEREO-A/B, the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), and WIND. From this, we obtain how different evolutionary states of the CH as observed in the solar atmosphere (changes in EUV intensity and area) affect the properties of the associated high-speed stream measured at 1 au. Most distinctly pronounced for the CH area, three development phases are derived: (a) growing, (b) maximum, and (c) decaying phase. During these phases the CH area (a) increases over a duration of around three months from about 1 · 1010 km2 to 6 · 1010 km2, (b) keeps a rather constant area for about one month of >9 · 1010 km2, and (c) finally decreases in the following three months below 1 · 1010 km2 until the CH cannot be identified anymore. The three phases manifest themselves also in the EUV intensity and in in situ measured solar wind proton bulk velocity. Interestingly, the three phases are related to a different range in solar wind speed variations, and we find for the growing phase a range of 460–600 km s−1, for the maximum phase 600–720 km s−1, and for the decaying phase a more irregular behavior connected to slow and fast solar wind speeds of 350–550 km s−1.
The Kepler Follow-up Observation Program. II. Stellar Parameters from Medium- and High-resolution Spectroscopy
Authors: Furlan E. , Ciardi D. R. , Cochran W. D. , Everett M. E. , Latham D. W. , Marcy G. W. , Buchhave L. A. , Endl M. , Isaacson H. , Petigura E. A. , Gautier T. N. , Huber D. , Bieryla A. , Borucki W. J. , Brugamyer E. , Caldwell C. , Cochran A. , Howard A. W. , Howell S. B. , Johnson M. C. , MacQueen P. J. , Quinn S. N. , Robertson P. , Mathur S. , Batalha N. M. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present results from spectroscopic follow-up observations of stars identified in the Kepler field and carried out by teams of the Kepler Follow-up Observation Program. Two samples of stars were observed over 6 yr (2009–2015): 614 standard stars (divided into “platinum” and “gold” categories) selected based on their asteroseismic detections and 2667 host stars of Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs), most of them planet candidates. Four data analysis pipelines were used to derive stellar parameters for the observed stars. We compare the T
eff, log(g), and [Fe/H] values derived for the same stars by different pipelines; from the average of the standard deviations of the differences in these parameter values, we derive error floors of ∼100 K, 0.2 dex, and 0.1 dex for T
eff, log(g), and [Fe/H], respectively. Noticeable disagreements are seen mostly at the largest and smallest parameter values (e.g., in the giant star regime). Most of the log(g) values derived from spectra for the platinum stars agree on average within 0.025 dex (but with a spread of 0.1–0.2 dex) with the asteroseismic log(g) values. Compared to the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC), the spectroscopically derived stellar parameters agree within the uncertainties of the KIC but are more precise and thus an important contribution toward deriving more reliable planetary radii.
Cold Filamentary Accretion and the Formation of Metal-poor Globular Clusters and Halo Stars
Authors: Mandelker Nir , Dokkum Pieter G. van , Brodie Jean P. , Bosch Frank C. van den , Ceverino Daniel 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We propose that cold filamentary accretion in massive galaxies at high redshifts can lead to the formation of star-forming clumps in the halos of these galaxies without dark matter substructure. In certain cases, these clumps can be the birthplaces of metal-poor globular clusters (MP GCs). Using cosmological simulations, we show that narrow streams of dense gas feeding massive galaxies from the cosmic web can fragment, producing star-forming clumps. We then derive an analytical model for the properties of streams as a function of halo mass and redshift, and assess when these are gravitationally unstable, when this can lead to collapse and star formation in the halo, and when it may result in the formation of MP GCs. For stream metallicities

≳
0.01

Z

⊙

, this is likely to occur at

z
>
4.5

. At

z
∼
6

, the collapsing clouds have masses of

∼
(
5
–
10
)
×

10

7

M

⊙

, and the average stream pressure is

∼

10

6

cm

−
3

K

. The conditions for GC formation are met in the extremely turbulent “eyewall” at

∼
0.3

R

v

, where counter-rotating streams can collide, driving very large densities. Our scenario can account for the observed kinematics and spatial distribution of MP GCs, the correlation between their mass and metallicity, and the mass ratio between the GC system and the host halo. For MW-mass halos, we infer that

∼
30
%

of MP GCs could have formed in this way, with the remainder likely accreted in mergers. Our predictions for GC formation along circumgalactic filaments at high redshift are testable with JWST.
Once in a Blue Moon, Congenital Anterior Urethral Diverticulum
Authors: Juneja Rohit , Manjunath L , Veerendra H S , Mathad Ananth S 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAnterior urethral valves (AUVs) are rare congenital anomalies causing lower urinary tract obstruction in children. Although they are referred to as valves, these obstructive structures often occur in the form of a diverticulum. Congenital anterior urethral diverticulum (CAUD) is an uncommon/rare entity in children which can lead to obstructive lower urinary tract symptoms and urosepsis. Over the past 20 years, more than 260 cases have been reported. However, most cases are diagnosed on prenatal ultrasonography (USG) in early life if patients present with bilateral hydronephrosis and/or azotemia. Diagnosis is by ureteroscopy and radiological imaging. Surgical treatment can be open or endoscopic. Here, we report a new case of CAUD and discuss its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. A brief review of the literature is also presented.
Could/should Jubilee debt cancellations be reintroduced today? If not, what alternative measures of debt relief and redistribution might be possible?
Authors: Hudson Michael , Goodhart Charles 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper the authors recall the history of Jubilee debt cancellations, emphasizing what their social purpose was at that time. They note that it would not be possible to copy that procedure exactly nowadays, primarily because most debt/credit relationships are intermediated via financial institutions, such as banks, insurance companies, etc., rather than by governments or wealthy families directly. But they argue that the underlying social purpose of such Jubilees – to keep debt within the reasonable ability to be paid without social and economic polarisation – could be recreated via alternative mechanisms, and they discuss the politico-economic arguments for, and against, doing so.
New experimental diagnostics in combustion of forest fuels: microscale appreciation for a macroscale approach
Authors: Cancellieri Dominique , Leroy-Cancellieri Valérie , Silvani Xavier , Morandini Frédéric 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. In modelling the wildfire behaviour, good knowledge of the mechanisms and
the kinetic parameters controlling the thermal decomposition of forest fuel
is of great importance. The kinetic modelling is based on the mass-loss rate,
which defines the mass-source term of combustible gases that supply the
flames and influences the propagation of wildland fires. In this work, we
investigated the thermal degradation of three different fuels using a
multi-scale approach. Lab-scale experimental diagnostics such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA),
differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), use of the cone calorimeter (CC) or Fire
Propagation Apparatus (FPA) led to valuable results for modelling the
thermal degradation of vegetal fuels and allowed several upgrades of
pyrolysis models. However, this work remains beyond large-scale conditions of a wildland or
forest fire. In an effort to elaborate on the kinetic models under realistic
natural fire conditions, a mass-loss device specifically designed for the
field scale has been developed. The paper presents primary results gained
using this new device, during large-scale experiments of controlled fires.
The mass-loss records obtained on a field scale highlight the influence of the
chemical composition and the structure of plants. Indeed, two species with
similar chemical and morphological characteristics exhibit similar
mass-loss rates, whereas the third presents different thermal behaviour. The experimental data collected at a field scale led to a new insight
about thermal degradation processes of natural fuel when compared to the
kinetic laws established in TGA. These new results provide a global
description of the kinetics of degradation of Mediterranean forest fuels.
The results led to a proposed thermal degradation mechanism that has also
been validated on a larger scale.
Development and validation of a novel method for simultaneous quantification of enzalutamide, darolutamide and their active metabolites in mice dried blood spots using LC-MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetic study in mice
Authors: Saini Neeraj Kumar , Sulochana Suresh P , Zainuddin Mohd , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: July 2018

A simple, sensitive and rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of enzalutamide, N-desmethylenzalutamide (active metabolite of enzalutamide), darolutamide and ORM-15341 (active metabolite of darolutamide) on mice dried blood spots (DBS) using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electro spray ionization in the positive-ion mode. The method utilizes liquid extraction of enzalutamide, N-desmethylenzalutamide, darolutamide and ORM-15341 from 3 mm punched disks from DBS cards (spiked or study samples). The extracted sample was chromatographed using an isocratic mobile phase (0.2 % formic acid : acetonitrile; 30:70, v/v) on an Atlantis dC18 column. The total run time was 2.5 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 465 → m/z 209, m/z 451 → m/z 195, m/z 399 → m/z 178, m/z 397 → m/z 194 and m/z 481 → m/z 453 for enzalutamide, N-desmethyl­enzalutamide, darolutamide, ORM-15341 and the IS (apalutamide-d3), respectively. Method validation was performed as per regulatory guideline. The assay had a good linearity over the range of 0.93-2000 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-batch accuracy and precision (%RE & RSD) across quality controls met the acceptance criteria for all the analytes. Stability studies showed that all the analytes were stable on DBS cards for one month. This novel method has been applied to analyze the DBS samples of enzalutamide, N-desmethylenzalutamide, darolutamide and ORM-15341 obtained from a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
Time series clustering of mRNA and lncRNA expression during osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells
Authors: Zheng Yunfei , Li Xiaobei , Huang Yiping , Jia Lingfei , Li Weiran 
Published: July 2018

Background
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are regulatory molecules that participate in biological processes such as stem cell differentiation. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) exhibit great potential for the regeneration of periodontal tissue and the formation of new bone. However, although several lncRNAs have been found to be involved in the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, the temporal transcriptomic landscapes of mRNAs and lncRNAs need to be mapped to obtain a complete picture of osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we aimed to characterize the time-course expression patterns of lncRNAs during the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and to identify the lncRNAs that are related to osteoblastic differentiation.

Methods
We cultured PDLSCs in an osteogenic medium for 3, 7, or 14 days. We then used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze the expression of the coding and non-coding transcripts in the PDLSCs during osteogenic differentiation. We also utilized short time-series expression miner (STEM) to describe the temporal patterns of the mRNAs and lncRNAs. We then performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to assess the biological relevance of genes in each profile, and used quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to validate the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs that were associated with osteoblast differentiation. Lastly, we performed a knock down of two lncRNAs, MEG8, and MIR22HG, and evaluated the expression of osteogenic markers.

Results
When PDLSCs were differentiated to osteoblasts, mRNAs associated with bone remodeling, cell differentiation, and cell apoptosis were upregulated while genes associated with cell proliferation were downregulated. lncRNAs showed stage-specific expression, and more than 200 lncRNAs were differentially expressed between the undifferentiated and osteogenically differentiated PDLSCs. Using STEM, we identified 25 temporal gene expression profiles, among which 14 mRNA and eight lncRNA profiles were statistically significant. We found that genes in pattern 12 were associated with osteoblast differentiation. The expression patterns of osteogenic mRNAs (COL6A1, VCAN, RRBP1, and CREB3L1) and lncRNAs (MEG8 and MIR22HG) were consistent between the qRT-PCR and RNA-seq results. Moreover, the knockdown of MEG8 and MIR22HG significantly decreased the expression of osteogenic markers (runt-related transcription factor 2 and osteocalcin).

Discussion
During the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, both mRNAs and lncRNAs showed stage-specific expression. lncRNAs MEG8 and MIR22HG showed a high correlation with osteoblastogenesis. Our results can be used to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular events regulating osteoblast differentiation and the identification of functional lncRNAs in PDLSCs.
A Versatile Pt‐Based Core–Shell Nanoplatform as a Nanofactory for Enhanced Tumor Therapy
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Shuang , Zeng Jin‐Yue , Zhang Ming‐Kang , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHypoxia, one of the representative characteristics in solid tumors, not only reduces the effectiveness of multiple treatments, but also relates to the tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, a hybrid core–shell nanoplatform to produce adequate oxygen, supporting for more effective tumor treatment, is developed. Composed of polydopamine cores, platinum nanoparticle interlayers, and zirconium‐porphyrin (PCN) shells, the hybrid core–shell nanoplatform works like a nanofactory, providing necessary products at different time and space. Platinum nanoparticle interlayers can catalyze the endogenous H2O2 to O2, which plays a dual rule in the enhanced tumor treatment. In the presence of light irradiation, O2 can be converted into the lethal reactive oxygen species by the PCN shell. In the absence of light irradiation, O2 ameliorates the hypoxic microenvironment, thereby reduces the invasion and metastasis of the tumor. Through a synergism of enhanced treatment and reduced metastasis, tumors could be treated more vigorously.
Fast Potassium Storage in Hierarchical Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3@C Microspheres Enabling High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Zhang Zhongyu , Li Malin , Gao Yu , Wei Zhixuan , Zhang Meina , Wang Chunzhong , Zeng Yi , Zou Bo , Chen Gang , Du Fei 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHybrid potassium‐ion capacitors (KICs) show great promise for large‐scale storage on the power grid because of cost advantages, the weaker Lewis acidity of K+ and low redox potential of K+/K. However, a huge challenge remains for designing high‐performance K+ storage materials since K+ ions are heavier and larger than Li+ and Na+. Herein, the synthesis of hierarchical Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3@C microspheres by use of the electrospraying method is reported. Benefiting from the rich vacancies in the crystal structure and rational nanostructural design, the hybrid Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3@C electrode delivers a high reversible capacity (239 mA h g−1) and superior rate performance (63 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1). Moreover, the KIC employing a Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3@C anode and activated carbon cathode, affords a high energy/power density (80 W h kg−1 and 5144 W kg−1) in a potential window of 1.0–4.0 V, as well as a long lifespan of over 4000 cycles. In addition, in situ X‐ray diffraction is used to unravel the structural transition in Ca0.5Ti2(PO4)3, suggesting a two‐phase transition above 0.5 V during the initial discharge and solid solution processes during the subsequent K+ insertion/extraction. The present study demonstrates a low‐cost potassium‐based energy storage device with high energy/power densities and a long lifespan.
Li2S‐ or S‐Based Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Matthew , Chen Zhongwei , Wu Tianpin , Lu Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhile members of the Li–S battery research community are becoming more conscious of the practical testing parameters, the widespread commercialization of S‐based batteries is still far from realization. Particularly, the metallic Li used as the anode poses potential safety and cycle stability concerns. Alternatively, other S‐battery configurations without a Li anode, i.e., lithium‐ion, Li2S, or S batteries, do not suffer from the same safety concerns and can possibly serve as better methods to bring room‐temperature S‐based battery technologies to industry. However, whether Li2S or S will be used as the initiating cathode material remains unclear as each offers their own unique advantages and disadvantages. Here, both S and Li2S as cathodes are briefly discussed and the key benefits of Li2S are highlighted.
Printable MoOx Anode Interlayers for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Kang Qian , Yang Bei , Xu Ye , Xu Bowei , Hou Jianhui 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCurrently, solution‐processed MoOx anode interfacial layers (AILs) can only be fabricated by the spin‐coating method in organic solar cells (OSCs), which severely limits their use in practical productions where large‐area printing techniques are used. Herein, a facile method is demonstrated to prepare highly conductive MoOx (denoted EG:Mo) that can be processed by printing methods such as wire‐bar and blade coatings. The EG:Mo films are prepared by depositing an aqueous solution containing ammonium heptamolybdate (VI) tetrahydrate (NMo) and ethylene glycol (EG) and annealing at 200 °C. UV–vis absorption and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirm that Mo (VI) can be reduced to Mo (V) by EG, resulting in the n‐doped EG:Mo. Using the EG:Mo as AILs, an OSC based on a PB3T:IT‐M active layer exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.1%, which is comparable to that of the PEDOT:PSS modified devices. More importantly, EG:Mo AILs can be processed by wire‐bar and blade‐coating methods, and the corresponding devices show PCEs of 11.9% and 11.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the EG:Mo AIL is processed by wire‐bar coating to fabricate a large area device (1.0 cm2), and a PCE of 10.1% is achieved.
Rapid and Repeatable Self‐Healing Superoleophobic Porous Aluminum Surface Using Infiltrated Liquid Healing Agent
Authors: Nakayama Katsutoshi , Koyama Akira , Zhu Chunyu , Aoki Yoshitaka , Habazaki Hiroki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper reports rapid self‐healing on superoleophobic hierarchically porous aluminum surfaces within 1 h even at room temperature. This self‐healing surface is prepared by infiltration of a liquid fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) coating into the substrate pores. The FAS‐infiltrated dual‐pore superoleophobic surface becomes superoleophilic after oxygen plasma treatment due to the damage done to the organic coating. However, the superoleophobicity is completely recovered by exposure to normal atmosphere at room temperature, and this rapid self‐healing is repeatable. The FAS liquid appears to coat the nanopore walls, rather than filling the nanopores. The high wettability of FAS on surfaces induces the rapid recoating of the plasma‐damaged surface, contributing to the self‐healing of the superoleophobicity.
Recent Advances in Group III–V Nanowire Infrared Detectors
Authors: Sun Jiamin , Han Mingming , Gu Yu , Yang Zai‐xing , Zeng Haibo 
Published: July 2018

Abstract1D III–V semiconductor nanowires (NWs) attract significant interests in fundamental physics and promising applications of high‐performance room‐temperature infrared (IR) detectors. Here, a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the study of III–V NW‐based IR detectors is presented, starting from the rationale of III–V NWs for IR detectors, the controllable synthesis of III–V NWs to the precise manipulation of III–V NW‐based IR detector performances. With a bandgap covering the whole IR wavelength range and a high carrier mobility, III–V NWs are considered as the most optimal channel materials for high‐performance IR detectors. The synthesis methods and growth mechanisms of high quality III–V NWs are discussed, emphasizing the low‐cost solid source chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, which is developed as the two‐step and surfactant‐assisted CVD methods in the growth of various III–V NWs. Next, the representative types of III–V NW IR detectors are discussed and typical strategies to resolve main challenges limiting the performance of III–V NW‐based IR detectors are reviewed, including high density of surface trap states, large dark current, etc. Finally, the possible challenges and opportunities in the future development of III–V NW‐based IR detectors are discussed.