bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Supraclavicular Artery Perforator Flap: A Comparative Study of Imaging Techniques Used in Preoperative Mapping
Authors: Mahmood Kawa , Hamawandi Nzar , Mirza Aram , Hawas Jawad , Moreno Esther , Clavero Juan , Hankins Christopher , Masia Jaume , Sheriff Hemin 
Published: May 2018

Background The supraclavicular artery flap is an excellent flap for head and neck reconstruction. The aim of this study is to assess imaging techniques to define the precise vascular boundaries of this flap.
Methods Six imaging techniques were used for supraclavicular artery mapping in 65 cases; handheld Doppler, triplex ultrasound, computed tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiography, digital subtraction angiography, and indocyanine green angiography. We checked the site of the perforators, the course of a supraclavicular artery, and anatomical mapping of the supraclavicular artery.
Results Handheld Doppler identified perforators' sites in 80% of the cases but showed no results for the course of the vessel. Triplex ultrasound identified the site of perforators in 52.9%, and partial mapping of the course of a supraclavicular artery in 64.7% of the cases. Computerized tomography angiography showed the site of perforators in 60%, and the course of supraclavicular artery completely in 45%, and partially in an additional 30%of the cases examined. Magnetic resonance angiography showed negative results for all parameters. Digital subtraction angiography showed the partial course of a supraclavicular artery in 62.5%, but showed no perforators. Indocyanine green angiography showed the site of perforators in 60% and a partial course of supraclavicular artery distal to perforators in 60%.Anatomical mapping of the vessel was possible with computerized tomography angiogram completely in 45%, and partially in 30%, and was also possible with indocyanine green angiography partially in 60%.
Conclusion Computerized tomography angiography showed best results in the mapping of the supraclavicular artery, but with an inability to define the perforator perfusion territories, and also with risks of irradiation, while indocyanine green angiography is a good alternative as it could precisely map the superficial course of the artery and angiosomes, with no radiation exposure.
Human plasma and serum extracellular small RNA reference profiles and their clinical utility
Authors: Max Klaas E. A. , Bertram Karl , Akat Kemal Marc , Bogardus Kimberly A. , Li Jenny , Morozov Pavel , Ben-Dov Iddo Z. , Li Xin , Weiss Zachary R. , Azizian Azadeh , Sopeyin Anuoluwapo , Diacovo Thomas G. , Adamidi Catherine , Williams Zev , Tuschl Thomas 
Published: May 2018

Significance
Nucleic acids mediate storage and expression of genetic information. Extracellular DNA (exDNA) and exRNA are traces of nucleic acids released from cells into the extracellular environment. Their use as disease biomarkers has been limited by technical challenges in their isolation caused by abundant RNA- and DNA-degrading enzymes in biofluids. Using isolation protocols developed especially for biofluids, we generated plasma and serum exRNA reference profiles from 13 healthy volunteers over time and determined the effect of critical clinical parameters such as gender and fasting. Surprisingly, we encountered one participant with dramatically increased endocrine-origin exRNA contributions stable over 1 year and detectable in all of his samples, thereby demonstrating the robustness of this approach and the clinical potential of circulating RNAs as biomarkers.
The pragmalinguistic dimensions of cultural borrowing
Authors: Sánchez Fajardo José A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The concept of ‘cultural borrowing’ has been associated with the concept of interlinguistic borrowing, and not necessarily cultural diffusion, which might reveal typological disparities and conceptual incongruence. This article is thus aimed at examining the concept of cultural borrowing, in which its referential component is essential to determine the degree of cultural impact. To have a better understanding of this concept, a multidimensional categorization has been established to describe the leading features and components of the process of cultural assimilation. These dimensions, namely ‘unknown referent’, ‘semantic novelty’, ‘semantic plasticity’ and ‘pragmatic plasticity’, have been used to depict the cultural anglicization of Cuban lexis. Also, based on a dictionary-based compilation, a ‘cultural index’ has been established to shed more light on the multifaceted nature of cultural borrowing and ‘cultural density’, suggesting that such an index is not proportionally related to lexical productivity and frequency, but to the importation of unknown-referent-based cultural loans.
Mass fraction assignment of folic acid in a high purity material
Authors: Westwood Steven , Josephs Ralf , Choteau Tiphaine , Daireaux Adeline , Stoppacher Norbert , Wielgosz Robert , Davies Stephen , Rego Eliane de , Wollinger Wagner , Garrido Bruno , Fernandes Jane , Lima Jonathan , Oliveira Rodrigo , Sena Rodrigo de , Windust Anthony , Huang Ting , Dai Xinhua , Quan Can , He Haihong , Zhang Wei , Wei Chao , Li Na , Gao Dexin , Liu Zhao , Lo Man-fung , Wong Wai-fun , Pfeifer Dietmar , Koch Matthias , Dorgerloh Ute , Rothe Robert , Philip Rosemary , Hirari Nobuyasu , Rezali Mohd Fazlin , Arzate Claudia Marcela Salazar , Berenice Mercado Pedraza Evelina , Caballero Victor Serrano , Osuna Mariana Arce , Krylov A , Kharitonov S , Lopushanskaya E , Liu Qinde , Lin Teo Tang , Fernandes-Whaley Maria , Quinn Laura , Nhlapo Nontete , Prevoo-Franzsen Desiree , Archer Marcelle , Kim Byungjoo , Baek Song-Yee , Lee Sunyoung , Lee Joonhee , Marbumrung Sornkrit , Kankaew Ponhatai , Chaorenpornpukdee Kanokrat , Chaipet Thitiphan , Shearman Kittiya , Goren Ahmet Ceyhan , Gunduz Simay , Yilmaz Hasibe , Un Ilker , Bilsel Gokhan , Clarkson Cailean , Bedner Mary , Camara Johanna E , Lang Brian E , Lippa Katrice A , Nelson Michael A , Toman Blaza , Yu Lee L 
Published: May 2018

The comparison required the assignment of the mass fraction of folic acid present as the main component in the comparison sample. Performance in the comparison is representative of a laboratory's measurement capability for the purity assignment of organic compounds of medium structural complexity [molecular weight range 300–500] and high polarity (pKOW < −2).
Methods used by the eighteen participating NMIs or DIs were based on a mass balance (summation of impurities) or qNMR approach, or the combination of data obtained using both methods. The qNMR results tended to give slightly lower values for the content of folic acid, albeit with larger associated uncertainties, compared with the results obtained by mass balance procedures. Possible reasons for this divergence are discussed in the report, without reaching a definitive conclusion as to their origin.
The comparison demonstrates that for a structurally complex polar organic compound containing a high water content and presenting a number of additional analytical challenges, the assignment of the mass fraction content property value of the main component can reasonably be achieved with an associated relative standard uncertainty in the assigned value of 0.5%

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Disease classification: from phenotypic similarity to integrative genomics and beyond
Authors: Dozmorov Mikhail G 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
A fundamental challenge of modern biomedical research is understanding how diseases that are similar on the phenotypic level are similar on the molecular level. Integration of various genomic data sets with the traditionally used phenotypic disease similarity revealed novel genetic and molecular mechanisms and blurred the distinction between monogenic (Mendelian) and complex diseases. Network-based medicine has emerged as a complementary approach for identifying disease-causing genes, genetic mediators, disruptions in the underlying cellular functions and for drug repositioning. The recent development of machine and deep learning methods allow for leveraging real-life information about diseases to refine genetic and phenotypic disease relationships. This review describes the historical development and recent methodological advancements for studying disease classification (nosology).
Large Traumatic Skull Base Internal Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm managed With Endovascular Flow Diversion: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Rajah Gary , Garling Richard Justin , Rangel-Castilla Leonardo 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present a case of a traumatic skull base internal carotid artery (ICA) pseudoaneurysm treated with endovascular flow diversion stenting. The patient was a 27-year-old male who was involved in a motorcycle accident suffering multiple traumatic injuries including a large skull base fracture that extended through the carotid canal. Computed tomography angiography revealed a 2-cm right ICA pseudoaneurysm. Once the patient was stable, a digital subtraction angiography demonstrated enlargement of the pseudoaneurysm. After his other injuries were addressed by trauma and orthopedic surgery, at day 9 after his initial injury, the patient was loaded with aspirin and clopidrogel in preparation for stent reconstruction of his ICA injury. Under conscious sedation and systemic heparinization, the patient underwent endovascular reconstruction of the large pseudoaneurysm using telescoping flow diversion stents. Immediate intra-aneurysm flow stasis was observed. No procedure-related complications occurred. The patient did well and at last follow-up remained neurologically intact.
TWO YEARS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW INTERDISCIPLINARY PEDIATRIC CHRONIC PAIN PROGRAM: OPPORTUNITIES, INITIATIVES, AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Edwards Kim , Elik Nez , McMurtry C Meghan , Findlay Sheri , Rodrigues Allison , Kattailr Deepa 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
“…The field of paediatric pain medicine has demonstrated the benefits of interdisciplinary collaboration more than any other endeavour” (Law, Palermo, & Walco, 2013). Recently, the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-term Care announced the funding of specialty paediatric chronic pain programs in several children’s hospitals across the province of Ontario, including McMaster Children’s Hospital. The Pediatric Chronic Pain Program includes Physicians (Pediatricians, Psychiatrist, Anesthesiologist), Psychologists, Child Life Specialist, Registered Nurse, Nurse Practitioner, Occupational Therapist, Physiotherapist, Social Workers, Pharmacist, and a Clinical Manager.

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this poster is to highlight new initiatives within our clinic, including the development of a pain education session for families, group treatments (e.g., a 5 week Rise Above Pain Group; a 5-week Parenting Group), and a research database (to allow for program evaluation integrated within our clinical work).

DESIGN/METHODS
Challenges in developing a new clinic/new programs and providing care to complex families (e.g., professional roles and competencies, diagnostic discrepancies) will be discussed.

CONCLUSION
Implications for program development in new and established clinics will be highlighted.
INTERVENTIONS TO ASSIST PARENTS IN ACCURATELY DOSING LIQUID MEDICATIONS FOR THEIR CHILDREN: A SCOPING REVIEW
Authors: Pan Jun Feng (Alex) , Hurley Katrina , Curran Janet , Fitzpatrick Eleanor 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Parents’ inaccurate dosing of liquid medications for their children is common, resulting in treatment failure and potential adverse effects. Educational interventions delivered by health care professionals are a means to help parents properly administer liquid medications.

OBJECTIVES
This scoping review was conducted to identify and describe empirically researched educational interventions that prevent inaccurate dosing of liquid medications by parents of children less than 12 years old.

DESIGN/METHODS
We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute Methodology for Scoping Reviews. With assistance from a library scientist, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, and Web of Science for English-language articles published before June 2017. We also looked at the reference lists of the included articles and subsequent articles that have cited them to identify additional studies (forward and backward searching). Two reviewers independently screened the retrieved titles and abstracts using predetermined criteria. Only quantitative, empirically designed studies that examined interventions delivered by health care professionals to help parents of children under 12 years old to accurately dose liquid medications were included. We appraised the quality of the included articles using the mixed methods appraisal tool (MMAT) and conducted a thematic analysis to identify trends and patterns.

RESULTS
Of the 180 abstracts identified in the search strategy, 9 studies met our inclusion criteria. We identified four main types of interventions: 1. use of visual aids (n=6); 2. use of advanced counselling strategies (n=2); 3. use of standardized measuring tools (n=3); and, 4. use of standardized units of measurement (n=2). Some studies evaluated more than one type of intervention. The overall quality of the included studies was moderate, with 11.1% (n=1) scoring 0.25, 33.3% (n=3) scoring 0.50, 55.6% (n=5) scoring 0.75, and none scoring 1.0.

CONCLUSION
Dosing accuracy of liquid medication for children by their parents is an important topic. More high quality studies conducted by a variety of research groups are needed to ensure the development and implementation of effective evidence-based educational interventions. There is a lack of standardization in the definition of a dosing error. Consensus regarding a standard definition would help studies be more comparable.
Final Results of National Surveillance of Childhood Tuberculosis in Canada: 2013–2016
Authors: Giroux Ryan , Montgomery-Song Aaryn , Consunji-Araneta Raquel , Kitai Ian , Morris Shaun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
There is little detailed epidemiologic and clinical data about tuberculosis (TB) disease in children in Canada.

OBJECTIVES
This study characterizes the epidemiologic, clinical, and treatment data for all cases of TB in children under age 15 in Canada surveyed through the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program’s (CPSP) Childhood Tuberculosis Study from October 2013 to September 2016.

DESIGN/METHODS
New active TB cases were identified through a monthly form sent by the CPSP to approximately 2500 active paediatricians, paediatric subspecialists, and select non-paediatricians who manage childhood TB. For cases meeting inclusion criteria, a detailed questionnaire was sent to the treating physician to collect clinical, epidemiological, and treatment data, followed by 6-month follow-up surveys until 6 months after treatment completion. Cases were reviewed by at least one TB specialist for inclusion and classification of disease.

RESULTS
Of 285 unique incident cases reported, 188 cases met inclusion criteria, returned a detailed questionnaire, and were classified. Selected demographic data are shown in Table 1.
92% of cases had intrathoracic involvement (N=172, 91%), but a minority were confirmed by culture or nucleic acid amplification (62/172, 36%). The most common sites of intrathoracic involvement were lymph nodes (N=118, 69%) and lungs (N=54, 31%). There were 143 attempted respiratory microbiological studies, with 32 (22%) yielding a positive culture or NAAT in sputum and 33 (23%) in gastric aspirate. Highest yield was in the 10+ age group with 54% (20/37) positivity.
31 cases of extrathoracic TB were recorded, with 19/35 (54%) having simultaneous intrathoracic TB. The most common forms of extrathoracic TB included CNS or meningeal disease (N=13) and extrathoracic lymphadenopathy (N=11). Miliary or disemminated disease (2 or more non-continguous sites involved) was found in 15 cases (8%).
16 cases reported at least one adverse drug reactions, with pyrazinamide (N=10) and isoniazid (N=5) being most common. 4 children were hospitalized and the most common ADR was hepatotoxicity. There was one case of multi-drug resistant TB.

CONCLUSION
This study suggests a high incidence of TB in Inuit and First Nations children, as well as a higher proportion of extrathoracic TB and greater success in culture positivity in children aged 10+. It also shows a significant number of adverse drug reactions to anti-TB treatment. Further analysis of this data will serve to refine practice in monitoring, detecting, and treating this infection.
OUTCOMES IN EXTREMELY PREMATURE INFANTS WITH TWIN-TWIN TRANSFUSION SYNDROME TREATED BY LASER THERAPY
Authors: Sommer Julie , Altit Gabriel , Nuyt Anne-Monique , Audibert François , Dorval Véronique , Lapointe Anie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Twin pregnancies and fetal therapies are associated with increased risk of preterm delivery. Limited literature exists on outcomes for extremely preterm infants born in the context of a pregnancy complicated with twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS).

OBJECTIVES
To compare mortality of preterm newborns who received laser therapy for TTTS to preterm controls born in the context of a dichorionic-diamniotic (di-di) pregnancy. Secondary outcomes are: short-term neonatal morbidities and neurodevelopmental measures at 18 months of corrected gestational age (cGA).

DESIGN/METHODS
Case-control retrospective study of all twins infant born <29 weeks of gestation between 2006 and 2015 at Sainte-Justine Hospital. Preterm with TTTS and fetal laser therapy were compared to preterm di-di twins. Survival analysis was done using Cox proportional regression model.

RESULTS
Thirty-three preterms with TTTS (TTTS-laser group) were compared to 101 preterms without TTTS (non-TTTS group). Demographic data and comparisons for short-term morbidities are presented in Table 1. TTTS status was not associated with increased mortality when adjusting for birth weight and antenatal steroids (Table 2). No differences were found for Bayley-3rd edition score, cerebral palsy, vision impairment, hearing impairment and growth parameters at 18-month cGA.

CONCLUSION
Extremely premature newborns exposed to fetal laser therapy due to TTTS had similar survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to contemporaneous extremely preterm di-di twins.
USING DIFFERENT CHEST COMPRESSIONS AND VENTILATION RATIOS (2:1, 3:1, 4:1) DURING NEONATAL ASPHYXIA IN A PORCINE MODEL OF NEONATAL RESUSCITATION – A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED ANIMAL TRIAL
Authors: Pasquin Matteo , Cheung Po-Yin , Wagner Michael , Lee Tze-Fun , O’Reilly Megan , Schmolzer Georg 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The rationale for a compression to ventilation ratio of 3:1 in neonates with primary hypoxic, hypercapnic cardiac arrest is to emphasize the importance of ventilation; however, there are no published studies testing this approach against alternative methods.

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate if using a 2:1 C:V ratio or a 4:1 C:V ratio will improve ROSC compared to using a 3:1 C:V ratio.

DESIGN/METHODS
Term newborn piglets were anesthetized, intubated, instrumented, and exposed to 40-min normocapnic hypoxia followed by asphyxia. Asphyxia was achieved by clamping the endotracheal tube until the piglet had asystole; at that time CPR was initiated. Piglets were then randomized into 3 groups: 2:1 C:V ratio (n=8), 3:1 ratio (n=8), 4:1 C:V ratio (n=8), or a sham operated group. A two-step randomization was used to reduce selection bias. After surgical instrumentation and stabilization, a sequentially numbered, sealed brown envelope containing the allocation “sham” or “intervention” was opened (step one). The sham-operated group had the same surgical protocol, stabilization, and equivalent experimental periods without hypoxia and asphyxia. Only piglets randomized to “intervention” underwent hypoxia and asphyxia. Once the criteria for CPR were met, a second envelope containing the allocations “2:1”,“3:1”,or “4:1”, was opened (step two). Cardiac function, carotid blood flow, cerebral oxygenation, and respiratory parameters were continuously recorded throughout the experiment.

RESULTS
The median (IQR) duration of asphyxia was similar between the groups with 318 (194–576)sec, 255 (226–334)sec, 233 (169–395)sec for 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 C:V, respectively (p=0.68; oneway ANOVA with Bonferroni). The median (IQR) time to ROSC was also similar between groups 127 (82–210)sec, 96 (88–126)sec, 119 (83–256)sec for 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 C:V, respectively (p=0.67; oneway ANOVA with Bonferroni). Overall, 8/8 in the 2:1 C:V ratio group, 7/8 in the 3:1 C:V ratio group, and 7/8 in the 4:1 C:V ratio group survived.

CONCLUSION
There was no significant difference in time to ROSC for either chest compression technique during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a porcine model of neonatal asphyxia.
Impact of high flow nasal cannula implementation on the rate of intubation for bronchiolitis in Canada
Authors: Garland Hilarie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Bronchiolitis affects more than one-third of children less than two years of age and is the most common reason for admission to hospital in the first year of life. Hospitalization rates have been on the rise, leading to an increase in healthcare expense, morbidity and impact on families. Bronchiolitis can have a heavy burden on health care resources including intubation and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions. Non-invasive respiratory support with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is being used more routinely in paediatric centers, though evidence of efficacy in bronchiolitis is insufficient to date. We examined the impact that implementation of HFNC has had on intubation rate and ICU admissions for patients with bronchiolitis in Paediatric centres in Canada.

OBJECTIVES
Our primary objective was to determine the impact of HFNC on intubation rate in Canada for paediatric patients with bronchiolitis. Our secondary objectives were to determine the impact of HFNC on ICU admission rate, ICU length of stay (LOS) and total hospital LOS.

DESIGN/METHODS
We conducted a multicentre, interrupted time series analysis to examine intubation rates pre- to post-implementation of HFNC for children less than 2 years with bronchiolitis. Data were obtained from the CIHI database using the Canadian Coding Standards. Paediatric tertiary centres that introduced HFNC between 2009–2014 were included, and data were collected from January 2005 to December 2016.

RESULTS
A total of 17,643 patients met inclusion criteria; 5,862 were before and 11,791 after implementation of HFNC. Comparing the two groups, there was no significant change in the rate of intubation after HFNC was introduced. There was also no significant change in the trend of average LOS in hospital between the two groups. There was a significant increase in ICU admission rates after the introduction of HFNC. Prior to HFNC implementation, there was an increase in average ICU LOS, with a decrease in the overall trend following the introduction of HFNC.

CONCLUSION
Initiating HFNC in Canadian paediatric centres resulted in no significant change in intubation rates or total LOS in hospital, but was associated with an increase in ICU admissions and a decrease in ICU LOS. Though HFNC does not prevent intubations, it may improve clinical severity with shorter time in ICU needed. Adopting use of HFNC on the ward in the tertiary care setting may help to address increasing ICU admission rates with associated healthcare expenses.