bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Single Thermoresponsive Diblock Copolymer Can Form Spheres, Worms or Vesicles in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ratcliffe Liam P. D. , Derry Matthew J. , Ianiro Alessandro , Tuinier Remco , Armes Steven P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt is well‐known that the self‐assembly of AB diblock copolymers in solution can produce various morphologies depending on the relative volume fraction of each block. Recently, polymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) has become widely recognized as a powerful platform technology for the rational design and efficient synthesis of a wide range of block copolymer nano‐objects. In this study, PISA is used to prepare a new thermoresponsive poly(N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide)‐poly(2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate) [PHPMAC‐PHPMA] diblock copolymer. Remarkably, TEM, rheology and SAXS studies indicate that a single copolymer composition can form well‐defined spheres (4 °C), worms (22 °C) or vesicles (50 °C) in aqueous solution. Given that the two monomer repeat units have almost identical chemical structures, this system is particularly well‐suited to theoretical analysis. Self‐consistent mean field theory suggests this rich self‐assembly behavior is the result of the greater degree of hydration of the PHPMA block at lower temperature, which is in agreement with variable temperature 1H NMR studies.
Multifunktionale Einzelmolekülmagnete auf Lanthanoidbasis in neuem Licht
Authors: Marin Riccardo , Brunet Gabriel , Murugesu Muralee 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEinzelmolekülmagnete (SMMs) stehen bei neuen technischen Entwicklungen in der Quanteninformationsverarbeitung und Spintronik im Vordergrund. Trotz der aktuellen Durchbrüche bei der Ausdehnung der Blocking‐Temperatur auf Temperaturen oberhalb jener von Flüssigstickstoff sind noch erhebliche Hürden beim Integrieren und Ansprechen solcher Verbindungen in Bauelementen zu erwarten. Vor diesem Hintergrund können durch die Entwicklung multifunktionaler SMMs nicht nur Moleküle mit Eigenschaften ausgestattet werden, die die In‐situ‐Überwachung des SMM‐Betriebs in Echtzeit ermöglichen, sondern auch wichtige Erkenntnisse zum Verständnis des magnetischen Verhaltens erhalten werden. In diesem Aufsatz zeigen wir, wie Magnetismus und Lumineszenz in Einzelmolekülen kombiniert werden, um diese Ziele zu erreichen. Erörtert werden die wesentlichen Designprinzipien, um die gleichzeitige Kombination von Photolumineszenz und langsamer Relaxation der Magnetisierung zu realisieren; solche Moleküle können nützlich für Spintronik‐Bauelemente der nächsten Generation sein.
Difluor(aryl)(perfluoralkyl)‐λ4‐Sulfane und Selane: Fehlende Bindeglieder der Trichlorisocyanursäure/Kaliumfluorid Chemie
Authors: Brüning Fabian , Pitts Cody Ross , Kalim Jorna , Bornemann Dustin , Ghiazza Clément , de Montmollin Jean , Trapp Nils , Billard Thierry , Togni Antonio 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDer TCICA/KF‐Ansatz zur oxidativen Fluorierung von Heteroatomen hat sich als überraschend einfacher, sicherer und vielseitiger Ersatz für klassisch schwierige Fluorierungsreaktionen erwiesen. Obwohl die Polyfluorierung (oder Chlorfluorierung) von Diaryldisulfiden, Diaryldiseleniden, Diarylditelluriden, Aryliodiden und Aryl(perfluoralkyl)tellanen beschrieben wurde, bleibt die Anwendung dieser TCICA/KF‐Methode auf Aryl(perfluoralkyl)sulfane und Selane ein unerforschtes Gebiet. Dementsprechend, um die “fehlenden Bindeglieder” in der sich entwickelnden Reihe von chalkogenbasierter Substratreaktivität anzugehen, berichten wir über milde Synthesen von metastabilen Difluor(aryl)(perfluoralkyl)‐λ4‐sulfanen und Selanen. Da es in der aktuellen Literatur nur wenige Beispiele für diese Spezies gibt (zugänglich nur über Verwendung von F2 oder XeF2/HF) haben wir detaillierte Strukturanalysen durchgeführt, vor allem anhand von NMR‐ und röntgenkristallografischen Daten. Darüber hinaus untersuchen wir den Einfluss der Perfluoralkylkette auf das Ergebnis der oxidativen Fluorierung und liefern schließlich erste Anhaltspunkte, dass Difluor(aryl)(trifluormethyl)‐λ4‐sulfane als Fluorierungsreagenzien wirken können.
Exploration of imidazole and imidazopyridine dimers as anticancer agents: Design, synthesis, and structure–activity relationship study
Authors: Meenakshisundaram Sangeetha , Manickam Manoj , Pillaiyar Thanigaimalai 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDimerization of proteins/receptors plays a critical role in various cellular processes, including cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, targeting such dimeric proteins/receptors by dimeric small molecules could be a potential therapeutic approach to treating various diseases, including inflammation‐associated diseases like cancer. A novel series of bis‐imidazoles (13–18) and bis‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines (19–28) were designed and synthesized from Schiff base dimers (1–12) for their anticancer activities. All the synthesized compounds were screened for anticancer activities against three cancer cell lines, including cervical (HeLa), breast (MDA‐MB‐231), and renal cancer (ACHN). From structure–activity relationship studies, imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines (19–28) showed remarkable cytotoxic activities, with compounds 19 and 24 showing the best inhibitory activities against all three cell lines. Especially, both 19 and 24 were very effective against the breast cancer cell line (19, GI50 = 0.43 µM; 24, GI50 = 0.3 µM), exceeding the activity of the control adriamycin (GI50 = 0.51 µM). The in vivo anticancer activity results of compounds 19 and 24 were comparable with those of the animals treated with the standard drug tamoxifen. Therefore, the dimeric imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine scaffold could serve as a potential lead for the development of novel anticancer agents.
Diaphragmatic paralysis: Evaluation in infants with congenital Zika syndrome
Authors: van der Linden Vanessa , Lins Otavio Gomes , de Lima Petribu Natacha Calheiros , de Melo Ana Claudia Marques Gouveia , Moore Jazmyn , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Moore Cynthia A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundParalysis of the diaphragm in newborn infants can lead to recurrent infections and life‐threatening respiratory insufficiency. The clinical diagnosis of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis has been reported in infants with laboratory evidence of congenital Zika virus infection and/or the congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) phenotype but no evaluation of phrenic nerve function has been described. All reported infants have had accompanying arthrogryposis. High infant mortality is reported.MethodsThe causal mechanism of congenital diaphragmatic paralysis was evaluated in three infants with arthrogryposis as a manifestation of CZS (two of the three infants had laboratory evidence of ZIKV infection shortly after birth; the remaining infant had negative serology for ZIKV when first tested at 7 months of age). Electromyography and phrenic nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP) were performed in all infants with diaphragmatic paralysis demonstrated on imaging studies.ResultsAll infants had evidence of moderate chronic involvement of peripheral motor neurons. Phrenic nerve CMAP was reduced on the side of the diaphragmatic paralysis in two infants and reduced bilaterally in the remaining infant who had primarily anterior involvement of the diaphragm. All three infants had multiple medical complications and one infant died at 18 months of age.ConclusionEvaluation of three infants with CZS and diaphragmatic paralysis demonstrated phrenic nerve dysfunction. In these and other affected infants, arthrogryposis appears to be a constant co‐occurring condition and health problems are significant; both conditions are likely due to involvement of the peripheral nervous system in some infants with CZS.
Analysis of plasma migration components in Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. effective parts by UPLC–Q‐TOF–MS
Authors: Han Xiao , Wang Shuai , Yang Xin‐xin , Li Tian‐jiao , Zhao Huan‐jun , Zhou Li‐ping , Zhao Lin , Bao Yong‐rui , Meng Xian‐sheng 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPatrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. (PVJ) is described as pungent, bitter and slightly cold in Chinese medicine, and is associated with the large intestine, stomach and liver meridians. The preliminary experiments of our research team proved that PVJ total flavonoids have excellent inhibitory effects on liver cancer cells. The present experiment uses the UPLC–Q‐TOF–MS technology and serum pharmacochemistry methods to analyze the chemical components in vitro and in vivo of PVJ antiliver tumors. A total of 14 chemical components were identified in the total flavonoids extract of PVJ, and it is mainly composed of flavonoids, flavonones, flavonols and phenolic acids. At the same time, seven prototypical components and seven metabolic components were detected in the drug‐containing plasma. Hydrocaffeate and scutellarein are the phase I metabolites of caffeic acid and scutellarin, respectively. Sulfated apigenin, sulfated luteolin, sulfated kaempferol and methylated kaempferol are the II phase metabolites of apigenin, luteolin, kaempferol, respectively. The experiment provides a reference for the research and development of antitumor drug candidates, and provides a basis for revealing the bioactive components of PVJ and the antitumor mechanism.
Granuloma whorls
Authors: Zia Farrukh , Ali Natasha 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhat is the significance of bone marrow examination in presence of peripheral cytopenias? It is still regarded as a mandatory investigation to diagnose hematological disorders. In this case, bone marrow trephine was initially done as a diagnosis of exclusion for ITP, whereas it revealed multiple granulomas suggesting mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
Mechanistic Aspects of the Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction over Ni−Co Oxides
Authors: Negahdar Leila , Zeng Feng , Palkovits Stefan , Broicher Cornelia , Palkovits Regina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) presents the key transformation in electrochemical water‐splitting majorly determining energy efficiency and economics of hydrogen generation. In this study, the kinetics of the OER over Ni−Co oxide structured by KIT‐6 templating and non‐structured Ni−Co oxide catalysts in alkaline solution have been investigated aiming for insight with regard to the respective kinetically relevant surface reactions. Steady‐state Tafel plot analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to determine kinetic parameters, Tafel slopes and the order of reaction. A dual Tafel slope behavior was observed for both catalysts. Tafel slopes of ca. 40 and 120 mV dec−1 and 90 and 180 mV dec−1 at low and high overpotentials appear for structured and non‐structured Ni−Co oxide, respectively. A reaction order of unity was observed for structured Ni−Co oxide, while non‐structured Ni−Co oxide possessed a fractional reaction order in the high overpotential region. The kinetics of OER over structured Ni−Co oxide were governed by Langmuir adsorption with the rate‐limiting step after primary adsorption of surface intermediates. In contrast, non‐structured Ni−Co oxide obeyed the Temkin adsorption isotherm condition with the primary adsorption step being rate‐limiting.
Enzyme‐Decorated Covalent Organic Frameworks as Nanoporous Platforms for Heterogeneous Biocatalysis
Authors: Oliveira Felipe L. , de Souza Stefania P. , Bassut Jonathan , Álvarez Heiddy M. , Garcia‐Basabe Yunier , Alves de Souza Rodrigo O. M. , Esteves Pierre M. , Gonçalves Raoni S. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSustainability in chemistry heavily relies on heterogeneous catalysis. Enzymes, the main catalyst for biochemical reactions in nature, are an elegant choice to catalyze reactions due to their high activity and selectivity, although they usually suffer from lack of robustness. To overcome this drawback, enzyme‐decorated nanoporous heterogeneous catalysts were developed. Three different approaches for Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) immobilization on a covalent organic framework (PPF‐2) were employed: physical adsorption on the surface, covalent attachment of the enzyme in functional groups on the surface and covalent attachment into a linker added post‐synthesis. The influence of the immobilization strategy on the enzyme uptake, specific activity, thermal stability, and the possibility of its use through multiple cycles was explored. High specific activities were observed for PPF‐2‐supported CAL‐B in the esterification of oleic acid with ethanol, ranging from 58 to 283 U mg−1, which was 2.6 to 12.7 times greater than the observed for the commercial Novozyme 435.
Interleukin‐18 in patients with acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Åkerblom Axel , James Stefan K. , Lakic Tatevik G. , Becker Richard C. , Cannon Christopher P. , Steg Philippe G. , Himmelmann Anders , Katus Hugo A. , Storey Robert F. , Wallentin Lars , Weaver W. Douglas , Siegbahn Agneta ,   on behalf of the PLATO Investigators
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to assess associations between circulating IL‐18 concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS).Hypothesis and MethodsPlasma IL‐18 concentrations were measured at admission, discharge, 1 month, and 6 months in patients with ACS in the PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial. Associations with outcomes were evaluated with Cox regression models on the composite of CV death, spontaneous myocardial infarction (sMI), or stroke; and on CV death or sMI separately, including adjustment for clinical risk factors and biomarkers (cTnT‐hs, NT‐proBNP, cystatin C, CRP‐hs, and GDF‐15).ResultsMedian IL‐18 concentrations at baseline, discharge, 1 month, and 6 months were 237, 283, 305, and 320 ng/L (n = 16 636). Male sex, obesity, diabetes, and plasma levels of cystatin C, GDF‐15, and CRP‐hs were independently associated with higher IL‐18 levels. Higher baseline IL‐18 levels were associated with the composite endpoint and with CV death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.02‐1.07 and HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06‐1.14, respectively, per 25% increase of IL‐18 levels). Associations remained significant after adjustment for clinical variables but became non‐significant after adjustment for all biomarkers (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98‐1.04 and HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00‐1.08, respectively). There were no associations with sMI.ConclusionsIn ACS patients, IL‐18 concentrations increased after the acute event and remained increased for 6 months. Baseline IL‐18 levels were significantly associated with CV mortality, independent of clinical characteristics and indicators of renal/cardiac dysfunction but this association was attenuated after adjustment for multiple biomarkers.
A Photo‐Stable Indocyanine Green and Rapamycin Co‐Delivery System Based on Poly(Glutamic Acid)‐Modified Manganese Phosphate for Synergetic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Hao Yongwei , Zheng Cuixia , Qiang Hong , Chen Hongli , Wang Fan , Zhang Jinjie , Zhang Hongling , Wang Lei , Zhang Zhenzhong , Zhang Yun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSome manganese‐based nanomaterials quench the fluorescence of photosensitizers, which strongly quenches fluorescence emission and suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to the photo‐induced charge transfer from the excited photosensitizer to nanomaterials. In this study, to overcome these disadvantages, amorphous porous manganese phosphate (MnP) nanoparticles are used for loading indocyanine green (ICG), and a broader ICG absorbance width instead of weakened fluorescence profile is observed, resulting in higher stability and phototherapy efficiency under 808 nm irradiation. Moreover, autophagy inhibition obviously weakens the ICG‐mediated phototherapy to breast cancer cells. On this foundation, an autophagy promoter rapamycin (RAPA) and ICG are co‐loaded into the MnP nanoparticles, and further decorated with biocompatible poly(glutamic acid). As expected, this stable nanoplatform released 80.0±4.1% agents at low pH compared to that 32.0±4.8% at normal pH, indicating a clear pH‐responsive release profile. Uniting phototherapy with autophagy promoter by this system is found to achieve synergistic outcomes as evidenced by the smaller relative tumor volume of 1.8±0.4. Overall, this work provides the first photo‐stable manganese‐based nanomaterial without fluorescence quenching profile for achieving multiple desirable therapeutic performances.
Open‐Label, Randomized, Single‐Dose, 2‐Period, 2‐Sequence Crossover, Comparative Pharmacokinetic Study to Evaluate Bioequivalence of 2 Oral Formulations of Olanzapine Under Fasting and Fed Conditions
Authors: Du Ping , Li Pengfei , Liu Hongchuan , Zhao Rui , Zhao Zhixia , Yu Weiyue , Zhou Xin , Liu Lihong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractOlanzapine, a second‐generation atypical antipsychotic drug, is widely used for schizophrenia and moderate to severe mania associated with bipolar disorders. This open‐label, randomized, single‐dose, 2‐sequence, 2‐period crossover, comparative pharmacokinetic study assessed the bioequivalence of 5 mg of olanzapine administered in tablet (R) or disintegrating tablet (T) formulation in healthy Chinese volunteers under both fasting and fed conditions. Numbers of enrolled subjects were 30 and 24 for fasting and fed treatments, respectively. Blood samples were drawn and collected predose as well as up to 144 hours postdose. The plasma concentration of olanzapine was quantitated by a robust, rapid, and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. The R was bioequivalent to T formulation under either fasting or fed conditions. The 90%CI for ratios of the geometric means observed maximum plasma concentration, area under the curve from time 0 extrapolated to last time point, and area under the curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity were all within the allowed limit (80.0% to 125.0%). The pharmacokinetic profiles of T and R formulations were similar under fasting and fed conditions. Both formulations were well tolerated, with a similar incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events under fasting and fed conditions.
An Integrated Microfluidic Chip and Its Clinical Application for Circulating Tumor Cell Isolation and Single‐Cell Analysis
Authors: Xu Mingxin , Zhao Hui , Chen Jun , Liu Wenwen , Li Encheng , Wang Qi , Zhang Lichuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) represent invasive tumor cell populations and provide a noninvasive solution to the clinical management and research of tumors. Characterization of CTCs at single‐cell resolution enables the comprehensive understanding of tumor heterogeneity and may benefit the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients. However, most efforts have been made on enumeration and detection of CTCs, while little focus has been directed to single‐cell study. Herein, an integrated microfluidic platform for single‐cell isolation and analysis was established. After validating this platform on lung cancer cell lines, we detected and isolated single CTCs from the peripheral blood samples of 20 cancer patients before and after one treatment cycle. Furthermore, we performed single‐cell whole‐exome DNA sequencing on a single CTC from the peripheral blood sample of a representative early stage lung cancer patient. Among the blood samples of 20 patients, 15 of them were positive for CTC detection (75.0% detectable rate). Single‐cell analysis revealed detailed genetic variations of the CTC, while six new gene mutations were detected in both single CTC and surgical specimen. This study provides a useful tool for the isolation and analysis of single CTCs from peripheral blood samples, which not only facilitates the early diagnosis of cancers but also helps to unravel the genetic information of tumor at a single‐cell level. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Wildflower plantings harbor increased arthropod richness and abundance within agricultural areas in Florida (USA)
Authors: Campbell Joshua W. , Kimmel Chase B. , Grodsky Steven M. , Smithers Cherice , Daniels Jaret C. , Ellis James D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntensive agriculture has led to a reduction of overall biodiversity and ecosystem services such as pollination and biological control. To offset these economic losses, many farmers are planting native wildflowers to enhance flowering plant diversity and augment pollinator and other beneficial arthropod populations on their farms. In this study, we examined arthropod communities in Florida (USA) within wildflower plots and fallow control plots, which were primarily composed of grasses. Significantly more herbivorous insects, predatory arthropods, and pollinators were found within wildflower plots than in fallow control plots. We also implemented pollinator surveys at flowering plants. These surveys highlighted numerous plant–pollinator interactions within wildflower plots, supporting the idea that some native wildflower species are more attractive to pollinators than are others. Nevertheless, utilizing diverse flowering plants for wildflower plots may support a wide diversity of beneficial arthropod species, including native bees. Our results suggest that wildflower plantings in Florida can be a successful management tool to harbor increased overall plant and arthropod diversity (including native pollinators and other beneficial arthropods) within intensive agricultural areas.
Novel management tools for subsidized avian predators and a case study in the conservation of a threatened species
Authors: Shields Timothy , Currylow Andrea , Hanley Brenda , Boland Stephen , Boarman William , Vaughn Mercy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWildlife managers face complex problems in attempting to achieve contemporary conservation goals while maintaining ecosystem function. Anthropogenically altered environments can subsidize certain species, causing them to become overabundant and straining the remaining natural system. Such is the case with the widespread avian generalist and subsidized predator, the common raven (Corvus corax). Ravens depredate nests and prey on small animals, with locally focused high impacts to the ecosystem during rearing of their nestlings. Limiting predator abundance reduces the spatially concentrated predation rates by eliminating nestling provisioning needs. We investigated avenues to limit the reproduction of common raven using customized theoretical and practical tools. Specifically, we developed an online interactive tool, a mathematical model, that calculates the predator's population growth rate under any given proportion of reproductive management. This quantitative tool models an assessment of ravens in a defined area and results in the degree to which raven fitness would need to be reduced to control their populations. To implement the model's results in a field‐practical way and manage reproduction with minimal disturbance, we developed novel technology, a Remote Fluid Application System (RFAS). The RFAS applies the egg addling technique of egg oiling to high (usually out of reach) nesting situations. We tested these tools in the Mojave Desert, CA, where the raven is a heavily human‐subsidized predator. We mounted our RFAS on telescoping poles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs; drones) and found that we were able to aerially, and precisely, spray‐oil eggs high in trees or cliffs/rock faces, halting 100% (n = 46) of raven nesting events. With these tools, we enable managers to calculate the intensity of, and the ability to carry out, egg addling needed to stem or halt predator population growth. We conclude that the combination of the interactive software (StallPOPd Interactive Tool, https://cwhl.vet.cornell.edu/tools/stallpopd; publicly available at https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/65718) and the RFAS is the most effective wildlife management strategy to date for the offset or control of undesirable population growth in high‐nesting avian predators.