bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ermittlung von Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten bei Carbonbeton
Authors: Häußler‐Combe Ulrich , Weselek Jörg 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDie Bemessung von Tragwerken erfolgt nach dem semiprobabilistischen Sicherheitskonzept mit der Trennung von Einwirkungs‐ und Widerstandsseite. Dabei werden die Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte für Beton und Betonstahl im Wesentlichen aufgrund umfangreicher Erfahrungswerte festgelegt. Somit wird auch ein allgemein akzeptiertes rechnerisches Zuverlässigkeitsniveau erreicht. Entsprechende Erfahrungswerte liegen für neue Bauarten wie dem Carbonbeton nicht vor. Damit ergibt sich für die Festlegung eines Teilsicherheitsbeiwerts ein Zielkonflikt. Einerseits darf er nicht zu gering sein, damit das erforderliche Zuverlässigkeitsniveau erreicht wird, andererseits aber auch nicht zu hoch, um die Wirtschaftlichkeit zu gewährleisten. Der Beitrag entwickelt einen methodisch schlüssigen Ansatz zur Ermittlung von Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten für Bauarten, für die nur geringe Erfahrungswerte hinsichtlich ihrer Zuverlässigkeit vorliegen. Vorausgesetzt wird die Kenntnis der statistischen Eigenschaften der Widerstandsseite des zugrunde liegenden Bemessungsmodells. Zur Bestimmung von Teilsicherheitsbeiwerten wird der semiprobabilistische Widerstandswert in Bezug zum probabilistischen Wert nach der First Order Reliability Method (FORM) gesetzt. Als Maßzahl des Zuverlässigkeitsniveaus wird daraus die sog. Zuverlässigkeitsreserve abgeleitet. Die Zuverlässigkeitsreserven der bewährten Stahlbetonbauweise werden schließlich als Bezugswert für den Teilsicherheitsbeiwert der Carbonbewehrung verwendet. Der Ansatz wird am Beispiel der Biegebemessung mit reiner Carbonbewehrung und gemischter Bewehrung veranschaulicht, ist aber grundsätzlich auch auf andere Bemessungssituationen anwendbar.
The Protein‐Coding Human Genome: Annotating High‐Hanging Fruits
Authors: Hatje Klas , Mühlhausen Stefanie , Simm Dominic , Kollmar Martin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe major transcript variants of human protein‐coding genes are annotated to a certain degree of accuracy combining manual curation, transcript data, and proteomics evidence. However, there is considerable disagreement on the annotation of about 2000 genes—they can be protein‐coding, noncoding, or pseudogenes—and on the annotation of most of the predicted alternative transcripts. Pure transcriptome mapping approaches seem to be limited in discriminating functional expression from noise. These limitations have partially been overcome by dedicated algorithms to detect alternative spliced micro‐exons and wobble splice variants. Recently, knowledge about splice mechanism and protein structure are incorporated into an algorithm to predict neighboring homologous exons, often spliced in a mutually exclusive manner. Predicted exons are evaluated by transcript data, structural compatibility, and evolutionary conservation, revealing hundreds of novel coding exons and splice mechanism re‐assignments. The emerging human pan‐genome is necessitating distinctive annotations incorporating differences between individuals and between populations.
Affinity Chromatography: An Enabling Technology for Large‐Scale Bioprocessing
Authors: Łącki Karol M. , Riske Frank J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAffinity chromatography (AC) has been used in large‐scale bioprocessing for almost 40 years and is considered the preferred method for primary capture in downstream processing of various types of biopharmaceuticals. The objective of this mini‐review is to provide an overview of a) the history of bioprocess AC, b) the current state of platform processes based on affinity capture steps, c) the maturing field of custom developed bioprocess affinity resins, d) the advantages of affinity capture‐based downstream processing in comparison to other forms of chromatography, and e) the future direction for bioprocess scale AC. The use of AC can result in economic advantages by enabling the standardization of process development and the manufacturing processes and the use of continuous operations in flexible multiproduct production suites. These concepts are discussed from a growing field of custom affinity bioprocess resin perspective. The custom affinity resins not only address the need for a capture resin for non‐platformable processes, but also can be employed in polishing applications, where they are used to define and control drug substance composition by separating specific product variants from the desired product form.
Engineering the genetic components of a whole‐cell catalyst for improved enzymatic CO2 capture and utilization
Authors: Jo Byung Hoon , Moon Hyukjoon , Cha Hyung Joon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCarbonic anhydrase (CA) is a diffusion‐limited enzyme that rapidly catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide (CO2). CA has been proposed as an eco‐friendly yet powerful catalyst for CO2 capture and utilization. A bacterial whole‐cell biocatalyst equipped with periplasmic CA provides an option for a cost‐effective CO2‐capturing system. However, further utilization of the previously constructed periplasmic system has been limited by its relatively low activity and stability. Herein, we engineered three genetic components of the periplasmic system for the construction of a highly efficient whole‐cell catalyst: a CA‐coding gene, a signal sequence, and a ribosome‐binding site (RBS). A stable and halotolerant CA (hmCA) from the marine bacterium Hydrogenovibrio marinus was employed to improve both the activity and stability of the system. The improved secretion and folding of hmCA and increased membrane permeability were achieved by translocation via the Sec‐dependent pathway. The engineering of RBS strength further enhanced whole‐cell activity by improving both the secretion and folding of hmCA. The newly engineered biocatalyst displayed 5.7‐fold higher activity and 780‐fold higher stability at 60°C compared with those of the previously constructed periplasmic system, providing new opportunities for applications in CO2 capture and utilization.
Engineering inkjet bioprinting processes toward translational therapies
Authors: Angelopoulos Ioannis , Allenby Mark C. , Lim Mayasari , Zamorano Mauricio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBioprinting is the assembly of three‐dimensional (3D) tissue constructs by layering cell‐laden biomaterials using additive manufacturing techniques, offering great potential for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Such a process can be performed with high resolution and control by personalized or commercially available inkjet printers. However, bioprinting's clinical translation is significantly limited due to process engineering challenges. Upstream challenges include synthesis, cellular incorporation, and functionalization of “bioinks,” and extrusion of print geometries. Downstream challenges address sterilization, culture, implantation, and degradation. In the long run, bioinks must provide a microenvironment to support cell growth, development, and maturation and must interact and integrate with the surrounding tissues after implantation. Additionally, a robust, scaleable manufacturing process must pass regulatory scrutiny from regulatory bodies such as U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Medicines Agency, or Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration for bioprinting to have a real clinical impact. In this review, recent advances in inkjet‐based 3D bioprinting will be presented, emphasizing on biomaterials available, their properties, and the process to generate bioprinted constructs with application in medicine. Current challenges and the future path of bioprinting and bioinks will be addressed, with emphasis in mass production aspects and the regulatory framework bioink‐based products must comply to translate this technology from the bench to the clinic.
Metabolic modeling for predicting VFA production from protein‐rich substrates by mixed‐culture fermentation
Authors: Regueira Alberte , Lema Juan M. , Carballa Marta , Mauricio‐Iglesias Miguel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProteinaceous organic wastes are suitable substrates to produce high added‐value products in anaerobic mixed‐culture fermentations. In these processes, the stoichiometry of the biotransformation depends highly on operational conditions such as pH or feeding characteristics and there are still no tools that allow the process to be directed toward those products of interest. Indeed, the lack of product selectivity strongly limits the potential industrial development of these bioprocesses. In this work, we developed a mathematical metabolic model for the production of volatile fatty acids from protein‐rich wastes. In particular, the effect of pH on the product yields is analyzed and, for the first time, the observed changes are mechanistically explained. The model reproduces experimental results at both neutral and acidic pH and it is also capable of predicting the tendencies in product yields observed with a pH drop. It also offers mechanistic insights into the interaction among the different amino acids (AAs) of a particular protein and how an AA might yield different products depending on the relative abundance of other AAs. Particular emphasis is placed on the utility of this mathematical model as a process design tool and different examples are given on how to use the model for this purpose.
Hierarchical Multiporous Nickel for Oxygen Evolution Reaction in Alkaline Media
Authors: Assavapanumat Sunpet , Ketkaew Marisa , Garrigue Patrick , Lapeyre Véronique , Reculusa Stéphane , Wattanakit Chularat , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: September 2019

AbstractElectrochemical water splitting is a crucially important process for energy conversion and storage. In this context, we report the synthesis of hierarchical multiporous nickel nanosheets obtained by a templated two‐step electrodeposition of nickel in the presence of silica beads and an assembly of nonionic surfactant in order to generate a combined macro‐ and mesoporous structure. Interestingly, the synergistic effect of these highly ordered meso‐ and macroporous structures promotes the catalytic performance for oxygen evolution reaction with one order of magnitude higher current densities and a better stability of the electrodes compared to flat nickel or electrodes having a single type of porosity. This example illustrates a promising strategy for the rational design of high‐performance porous metals, not only in the frame of water electrolysis, but also for other electrocatalytic applications.
Hyperstar Polyester‐Based Functional Nanotheranostics for the Targeted Drug Delivery and Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Alnasser Riyadh , Shaw Zachary , Santra Santimukul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, we have synthesized new class of hyperstar polyester (HSPE) polymer using a functional A2B monomer and bio‐based sorbitol. We hypothesize that by incorporating sorbitol, its amphiphilic nature will give the polymer greater solubility and allow for the encapsulation of wide range of anti‐cancer therapeutics. We used potassium methoxide to catalyze the melt polymerization reaction. Using the solvent diffusion method, this polymer was used to construct polymeric nanoparticles to encapsulate therapeutics, in one step, for monitoring drug delivery and treatment. The cytotoxicity of our HSPE nanoparticles was evaluated by a cell‐based MTT assays using prostate cancer cells (LNCaP) and healthy cells (CHO). In addition, the level of internalization of our HSPE nanoparticles was evaluated using fluorescence microscopy. Results showed the HSPE nanoparticles have the capability to target and concurrently image and kill cancer cells. Taken together, these studies indicate the successful development of a new drug delivery system and demonstrated its potential use in the pharmaceutical industry and the field of medicine.
Characterization and Purification of Mouse Mucosal‐Associated Invariant T (MAIT) Cells
Authors: Chen Zhenjun , Wang Huimeng , D'Souza Criselle , Koay Hui‐Fern , Meehan Bronwyn , Zhao Zhe , Pediongco Troi , Shi Mai , Zhu Tianyuan , Wang Bingjie , Kjer‐Nielsen Lars , Eckle Sidonia B. G. , Rossjohn Jamie , Fairlie David P. , Godfrey Dale I. , Strugnell Richard A. , McCluskey James , Corbett Alexandra J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis unit describes the utility of various mouse models of infection and immunization for studying mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cell immunity: MAIT cells can be isolated from the lungs (or from other tissues/organs) and then identified and characterized by flow cytometry using MR1 tetramers in combination with a range of antibodies. The response kinetics, cytokine profiles, and functional differentiation of lung MAIT cells are studied following infection with the bacterial pathogenLegionella longbeachaeorSalmonella entericaTyphimurium or immunization with synthetic MAIT cell antigen plus Toll‐like receptor agonist. MAIT cells enriched or expanded during the process can be used for further studies. A step‐by‐step protocol is provided for MAIT cell sorting and adoptive transfer. Mice can then be challenged and MAIT cells tracked and further examined. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
3D cell culture models and organ‐on‐a‐chip: Meet separation science and mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Ann , Sved Skottvoll Frøydis , Rayner Simon , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig , Sullivan Gareth , Krauss Stefan , Ray Wilson Steven , Harrison Sean 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn vitro derived simplified 3D representations of human organs or organ functionalities are predicted to play a major role in disease modeling, drug development, and personalized medicine, as they complement traditional cell line approaches and animal models. The cells for 3D organ representations may be derived from primary tissues, embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells and come in a variety of formats from aggregates of individual or mixed cell types, self‐organizing in vitro developed “organoids” and tissue mimicking chips. Microfluidic devices that allow long‐term maintenance and combination with other tissues, cells or organoids are commonly referred to as “microphysiological” or “organ‐on‐a‐chip” systems. Organ‐on‐a‐chip technology allows a broad range of “on‐chip” and “off‐chip” analytical techniques, whereby “on‐chip” techniques offer the possibility of real time tracking and analysis. In the rapidly expanding tool kit for real time analytical assays, mass spectrometry, combined with “on‐chip” electrophoresis, and other separation approaches offer attractive emerging tools. In this review, we provide an overview of current 3D cell culture models, a compendium of current analytical strategies, and we make a case for new approaches for integrating separation science and mass spectrometry in this rapidly expanding research field.
A Toxicokinetic Framework and Analysis Tool for Interpreting Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Guideline 305 Dietary Bioaccumulation Tests
Authors: Gobas Frank A.P.C. , Lee Yung-Shan , Lo Justin C. , Parkerton Thomas F. , Letinski Daniel J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline 305 for bioaccumulation testing in fish includes the option to conduct a dietary test for assessing a chemical's bioaccumulation behavior. However, the one-compartment toxicokinetic model that is used in the guidelines to analyze the results from dietary bioaccumulation tests is not consistent with the current state of the science, experimental practices, and information needs for bioaccumulation and risk assessment. The present study presents 1) a 2-compartment toxicokinetic modeling framework for describing the bioaccumulation of neutral hydrophobic organic chemicals in fish and 2) an associated toxicokinetic analysis tool (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion [ADME] B calculator) for the analysis and interpretation of dietary bioaccumulation test data from OECD-305 dietary tests. The model framework and ADME-B calculator are illustrated by analysis of fish dietary bioaccumulation test data for 238 substances representing different structural classes and susceptibilities to biotransformation. The ADME of the chemicals is determined from dietary bioaccumulation tests and bioconcentration factors, biomagnification factors, and somatic and intestinal biotransformation rates. The 2-compartment fish toxicokinetic model can account for the effect of the exposure pathway on bioaccumulation, which the one-compartment model cannot. This insight is important for applying a weight-of-evidence approach to bioaccumulation assessment where information from aqueous and dietary test endpoints can be integrated to improve the evaluation of a chemical's bioaccumulation potential. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;39:171–188. © 2019 SETAC
American Society for Bone and Mineral Research-Orthopaedic Research Society Joint Task Force Report on Cell-Based Therapies
Authors: O'Keefe Regis J , Tuan Rocky S , Lane Nancy E , Awad Hani A , Barry Frank , Bunnell Bruce A , Colnot Céline , Drake Matthew T , Drissi Hicham , Dyment Nathaniel A , Fortier Lisa A , Guldberg Robert E , Kandel Rita , Little David G , Marshall Mary F , Mao Jeremy J , Nakamura Norimasa , Proffen Benedikt L , Rodeo Scott A. , Rosen Vicki , Thomopoulos Stavros , Schwarz Edward M. , Serra Rosa 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Cell-based therapies, defined here as the delivery of cells in vivo to treat disease, have recently gained increasing public attention as a potentially promising approach to restore structure and function to musculoskeletal tissues. Although cell-based therapy has the potential to improve the treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system, there is also the possibility of misuse and misrepresentation of the efficacy of such treatments. The medical literature contains anecdotal reports and research studies, along with web-based marketing and patient testimonials supporting cell-based therapy. Both the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) and the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) are committed to ensuring that the potential of cell-based therapies is realized through rigorous, reproducible, and clinically meaningful scientific discovery. The two organizations convened a multidisciplinary and international Task Force composed of physicians, surgeons, and scientists who are recognized experts in the development and use of cell-based therapies. The Task Force was charged with defining the state-of-the art in cell-based therapies and identifying the gaps in knowledge and methodologies that should guide the research agenda. The efforts of this Task Force are designed to provide researchers and clinicians with a better understanding of the current state of the science and research needed to advance the study and use of cell-based therapies for skeletal tissues. The design and implementation of rigorous, thorough protocols will be critical to leveraging these innovative treatments and optimizing clinical and functional patient outcomes. In addition to providing specific recommendations and ethical considerations for preclinical and clinical investigations, this report concludes with an outline to address knowledge gaps in how to determine the cell autonomous and nonautonomous effects of a donor population used for bone regeneration. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ontogeny of the adrenocortical response in an extremely altricial bird
Authors: Berg Karl S. , Delgado Soraya , Mata‐Betancourt Astolfo , Krause Jesse S. , Wingfield John C. , Beissinger Steven R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLife history theory predicts that physiological and behavioral responsiveness to stress should be delayed in development until the benefits of heightened reactivity outweigh the costs of potentially chronic glucocorticoid levels. Birds often acquire stress‐responsiveness at locomotor independence, however, both stress‐responsiveness and locomotor ability are delayed in birds with altricial developmental strategies. Parrots (Psittacidae) are extremely altricial, but it is not known whether they also postpone physiological responsiveness to stress until locomotor independence. We quantified individual variation in baseline and stress‐induced plasma corticosterone (CORT) concentrations, the main avian glucocorticoid, in wild green‐rumped parrotlets (Forpus passerinus) of Venezuela at four stages of nestling development. Parrotlet neonates are very underdeveloped and compete for parental care among extreme sibling size hierarchies, a competitive scenario that might benefit from early hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) functionality. Nestlings that underwent a standardized restraint stress‐treatment showed higher average CORT concentrations compared to baseline in all age groups sampled, and exhibited no evidence of age‐related changes in the stress response. This is 2 weeks before locomotor independence and earlier than previously documented for altricial species. Results suggest that precocity of HPA function may be advantageous to growth and survivorship in extremely altricial birds.
Radiographic image interpretation by Australian radiographers: a systematic review
Authors: Murphy Andrew , Ekpo Ernest , Steffens Thomas , Neep Michael J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionRadiographer image evaluation methods such as the preliminary image evaluation (PIE), a formal comment describing radiographers’ findings in radiological images, are embedded in the contemporary radiographer role within Australia. However, perceptions surrounding both the capacity for Australian radiographers to adopt PIE and the barriers to its implementation are highly variable and seldom evidence‐based. This paper systematically reviews the literature to examine radiographic image interpretation by Australian radiographers and the barriers to implementation.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses were used to systematically review articles via Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect and Informit. Articles were deemed eligible for inclusion if they were English language, peer‐reviewed and explored radiographic image interpretation by radiographers in the context of the Australian healthcare system. Letters to the editor, opinion pieces, reviews and reports were excluded.ResultsA total of 926 studies were screened for relevance, 19 articles met the inclusion criteria. The 19 articles consisted of 11 cohort studies, seven cross‐sectional surveys and one randomised control trial. Studies exploring radiographers’ image interpretation performance utilised a variety of methodological designs with accuracy, sensitivity and specificity values ranging from 57 to 98%, 45 to 98% and 68 to 98%, respectively. Primary barriers to radiographic image evaluation by radiographers included lack of accessible educational resources and support from both radiologists and radiographers.ConclusionAustralian radiographers can undertake PIE; however, educational and clinical support barriers limit implementation. Access to targeted education and a clear definition of radiographers’ image evaluation role may drive a wider acceptance of radiographer image evaluation in Australia.