bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mountain Building in Taiwan: Insights From 3‐D Geodynamic Models
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Kaus Boris J. P. , Zhao Liang , Yang Jianfeng , Li Yang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTaiwan is widely considered to be a typical example of an arc‐continent collision surrounded by two opposite dipping subduction zones. The manner by which the interaction of the two neighboring slabs caused plate collision and mountain building is insufficiently understood. Various hypotheses have been proposed, but the geodynamic feasibility of those remains to be tested. Here we present 3‐D thermomechanical models to study the geodynamic evolution process of a Taiwan‐like setting after an initial transform fault was consumed. In our model setup, the boundary between the Eurasian plate and the South China Sea is northeast trending. The results show that all simulations result in toroidal mantle flow around the slab edges and that slab breakoff as well as a small‐scale mountain belt with high topography and crustal exhumation occurs in most cases. The Eurasian continental crust is exhumed in a dome‐like manner exposing higher‐grade metamorphic rocks, facilitated by high erosion rates and a weak continental lower crust rheology, but inhibited by the presence of a weak arc. A high topography within the orogen, as well as continental slab detachment, can develop for the convergence direction of N307° and large convergence rates. Our modeling results are thus generally consistent with the Eurasian slab‐tearing model proposed for Taiwan based on seismic tomographic studies, and we suggest that the main characteristic features in Taiwan can be explained by the combined effects of fast erosion, a weak lower crust, fast convergence, and a small convergence azimuth.
Unprecedented Response of Indonesian Throughflow to Anomalous Indo‐Pacific Climatic Forcing in 2016
Authors: Pujiana Kandaga , McPhaden Michael J. , Gordon Arnold L. , Napitu Asmi M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) transport in the upper layer of Makassar Strait was reduced by an unprecedented 25–40% during June to September 2016, the weakest northern summer ITF transport measured through 2004 to mid‐2017. A negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event occurring through boreal summer and fall 2016 was the main driver for the reduced ITF transport. Elevated sea surface temperature and height off the southern coast of Sumatra and Java islands, attributed to the IOD event, suppressed the Pacific to Indian pressure gradient, resulting in a reduction in the ITF transport. Intensified Wyrtki jets, energetic westerly winds, and downwelling Kelvin waves associated with the strong IOD event contributed to the suppressed interocean pressure gradient. The influence from the 2016 La Niña event on the other hand was secondary. This study showcases the role of coupled ocean‐atmosphere interactions in Indian Ocean in regulating an extreme interannual variation of the ITF in 2016, which is a unique event in the observational record.
The Madden‐Julian Oscillation's Impact on the Makassar Strait Surface Layer Transport
Authors: Napitu Asmi M. , Pujiana Kandaga , Gordon Arnold L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) surface layer dynamics within the Makassar Strait, responsible for ~77% of the ITF, are investigated using in situ and satellite‐derived observations from January 2004 to August 2011 and August 2013 to December 2016. Surface layer southward transport attains its minima during boreal winter in response to atmospheric and oceanic processes attributed to Australian‐Indonesian monsoon as well as the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). While the monsoon's impact on seasonal variability of the ITF transport has been well documented, the MJO's role to modulate the variability of the ITF transport is less studied. Eleven MJO events traversed from Indian Ocean to Western Pacific during boreal winter months over the course of the Makassar Strait time series. Intensified along‐strait wind stress, reduced outgoing longwave radiation, increased sea surface height in the southern Makassar Strait, and a reduction in the surface layer ITF transport by up to 4 Sv marked the impact of the active phase of the MJO. Analysis of the momentum budget in the surface layer indicates that the excess of northward momentum due to the along‐channel pressure gradient over northward momentum attributed to the vertical divergence of Reynold stress governs the northward acceleration of the surface layer during the MJO active phase.
Landslide Material Control on Tsunami Genesis—The Storegga Slide and Tsunami (8,100 Years BP)
Authors: Kim Jihwan , Løvholt Finn , Issler Dieter , Forsberg Carl Fredrik 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTsunami generation from subaqueous landslides is controlled by landslide kinematics, which in turn is governed by the material properties of the slide mass. Yet the effect of the material properties on tsunami genesis is poorly understood. Geomorphological observations of landslide runout put constraints on the landslide dynamics. In addition, observations of tsunami runup heights can improve our understanding of how the landslide material transforms from initiation to final runout. The giant prehistoric Storegga Slide off the mid‐Norwegian coast caused a well‐documented ocean‐wide tsunami that offers a unique setting for coupling landslide material models to tsunami generation models. In this study we simulate the dynamics of the Storegga Slide and tsunami using the depth‐averaged landslide model BingClaw, which implements visco‐plastic rheology and remolding, and couple it to a standard tsunami propagation model. A broad sensitivity study varying the landslide material strength parameters in BingClaw shows that the initial soil yield strength and remolding rate are most important for the tsunami genesis but that the residual strength determined the final runout distance. BingClaw parameters were further optimized to obtain the observed runout distance and to minimize the relative error of the tsunami runup heights. As detailed time‐dependent three‐dimensional representations of landslide parameters cannot be determined through a field investigation of the landslide itself, these simulations of the Storegga Slide and tsunami can help in the selection of plausible parameter ranges for prognostic modeling in quantitative hazard assessments.
Multidecadal Modulation of the ENSO Teleconnection to Precipitation and Tree Growth Over Subtropical North America
Authors: Torbenson M. C. A. , Stahle D. W. , Howard I. M. , Burnette D. J. , Villanueva‐Díaz J. , Cook E. R. , Griffin D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe teleconnection of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) to instrumental precipitation and temperature during the cool season over North America is strongest and most temporally stable in the TexMex sector of northern Mexico and the borderlands of southwestern United States. The ENSO impact on North American hydroclimate expands and contracts out of this region on multidecadal timescales, possibly associated with the positive and negative phases of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. A subset of tree‐ring chronologies from the TexMex sector also has the strongest and most stable ENSO signal detected in the North American network, similar to the strong ENSO signal measured in instrumental climate data from the same region. This subset of chronologies is used to reconstruct the multivariate ENSO index (MEI) as a measure of ENSO impact on North American hydroclimate during the instrumental and preinstrumental eras. The reconstruction exhibits improved fidelity in the frequency domain and better registration of spatial changes in ENSO signal over North America when compared to an MEI reconstruction based on all ENSO‐correlated tree‐ring chronologies irrespective of temporal stability of correlation. When correlated with gridded instrumental and tree‐ring reconstructed Palmer drought indices across North America, the stable MEI estimate reproduces the changes in spatial impact of ENSO signal measured with instrumental data, and it reveals similar multidecadal changes in prehistory, potentially linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. The Great Plains drought of the 1850s and 1860s may have been an example of this Pacific‐Atlantic configuration.
Strong Influence of Aerosol Reductions on Future Heatwaves
Authors: Zhao Alcide , Bollasina Massimo A. , Stevenson David S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble experiments, we investigate future heatwaves under the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 scenario, separating the relative roles of greenhouse gas increases and aerosol reductions. We show that there will be more severe heatwaves (in terms of intensity, duration, and frequency) due to mean warming, with minor contributions from future temperature variability changes. While these changes come primarily from greenhouse gas increases, aerosol reductions contribute significantly over the Northern Hemisphere. Furthermore, per degree of global warming, aerosol reductions induce a significantly stronger response in heatwave metrics relative to greenhouse gas increases. The stronger response to aerosols is associated with aerosol‐cloud interactions, which are still poorly understood and constrained in current climate models. This suggests that there may exist large uncertainties in future heatwave projections, highlighting the critical significance of reducing uncertainties in aerosol‐cloud interactions for reliable projection of climate extremes and effective risk management.
How is New England Coastal Sea Level Related to the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation at 26° N?
Authors: Piecuch Christopher G. , Dangendorf Sönke , Gawarkiewicz Glen G. , Little Christopher M. , Ponte Rui M. , Yang Jiayan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMonthly observations are used to study the relationship between the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) at 26° N and sea level (ζ) on the New England coast (northeastern United States) over nonseasonal timescales during 2004–2017. Variability in ζ is anticorrelated with AMOC on intraseasonal and interannual timescales. This anticorrelation reflects the stronger underlying antiphase relationship between ageostrophic Ekman‐related AMOC transports due to local zonal winds across 26° N and ζ changes arising from local wind and pressure forcing along the coast. These distinct local atmospheric variations across 26° N and along coastal New England are temporally correlated with one another on account of large‐scale atmospheric teleconnection patterns. Geostrophic AMOC contributions from the Gulf Stream through the Florida Straits and upper‐mid‐ocean transport across the basin are together uncorrelated with ζ. This interpretation contrasts with past studies that understood ζ and AMOC as being in geostrophic balance with one another.
Quantifying the Uncertainty of Using Solar Wind Measurements for Geospace Inputs
Authors: Walsh B. M. , Bhakyapaibul T. , Zou Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPredictive models for the Earth's space environment routinely use parameters from the solar wind as inputs. Measurements from spacecraft orbiting the first Lagrange point serve as convenient values for these inputs. The mass, momentum, and energy input into the Earth's space environment, however, are a function of the shocked and processed plasma within the magnetosheath, which can vary significantly from the pristine solar wind at the first Lagrange point. Here statistical measurements from the OMNI data set are combined with measurements by the THEMIS mission within the magnetosheath to generate uncertainty values for pressure and magnetic clock angle. These uncertainties are generated to account for known physical processes in the foreshock and magnetosheath as well as the position of the spacecraft being used to generate the OMNI data set.
Conjugate Ionosphere‐Magnetosphere Observations of a Sub‐Alfvénic Compressional Intermediate‐m Wave: A Case Study Using EKB Radar and Van Allen Probes
Authors: Mager Olga V. , Chelpanov Maksim A. , Mager Pavel N. , Klimushkin Dmitri Yu. , Berngardt Oleg I. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA Pc5 wave was simultaneously observed in the ionosphere by EKB radar and in the magnetosphere by both Van Allen Probe spacecraft within a substorm activity. The wave was located in the nightside, in 1.5‐ to 3‐hr magnetic local time sector, and in the region corresponding to the magnetic shells with maximal distances 4.6–7.8 Earth's radii. As it was found using both the radar and spacecraft data, the wave had frequency of about 1.8 mHz and azimuthal wave number m≈−10; that is, the wave was westward propagating. The EKB radar data revealed the equatorward wave propagating in the ionosphere, which corresponded to the earthward propagation in the magnetosphere. Furthermore, the field‐aligned magnetic component was approximately 2 times larger than both transverse components and accompanied by antiphase pressure oscillations; that is, the wave is compressional and diamagnetic. According to both radar and spacecraft measurements, among two transverse magnetic components, the dominant one was the poloidal. The wave was possibly driven by substorm‐injected energetic protons registered by the spacecraft: the proton fluxes were modulated with the wave frequency at energies of about 90 keV, which corresponded to the energy of the drift wave‐particle resonance. The wave frequency was much lower than the minimal frequency of the field line resonance calculated using the spacecraft data. We conclude that the wave is not the Alfvén mode, but some kind of compressional wave, for example, the drift‐compressional mode.
A New Mechanism for the Field Line Twisting in the Ionospheric Magnetic Flux Rope
Authors: Xie Lianghai , Lee Lou‐Chuang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMagnetic flux ropes (MFRs) with twisted magnetic field lines are common in the solar system, most of which can be caused by magnetic reconnection or velocity shear. However, these two mechanisms have difficulties in explaining the formation of MFRs observed in the planetary ionosphere. Here we find that a dynamo process can be caused by the differential compression at different parts of a flux tube when it is sinking into the partially ionized ionosphere, leading to an increase in the magnetic energy. The differential compression also produces an azimuthal component of ▽×E, which generates azimuthal magnetic fields with twisted magnetic field lines and gives rise to an ionospheric MFR.
Field‐Aligned Structures of the Poloidal‐Mode ULF Wave Electric Field: Phase Relationship Implications
Authors: Ren Jie , Zong Q. G. , Zhu Y. F. , Zhou X. Z. , Gu S. J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSpacecraft observations within recent decades have demonstrated that ultralow frequency (ULF) waves play an important role in the dynamics of Earth's magnetosphere through drift and/or drift‐bounce resonance with different particle species. The phase relationship between resonant particles and waves can help us understand the wave‐particle interacting processes. It has been revealed that the phase relationship between the drift resonant particles and the fundamental poloidal‐mode electric field is a signature to judge the energy transfer direction between particles and waves, and the local phase space density gradient. Here we explore whether there are other physical meanings of the phase relationship for drift‐bounce resonant particles in addition to the similar ones as drift resonant particles. In this study, we find that (1) under different field‐aligned structures, the poloidal‐mode electric fields will show different phase relationship with drift‐bounce resonant particles at the magnetic equator. It indicates that the phase relationship can be used to diagnose the parallel morphologies of ULF wave electric field. (2) If particle's phase space density variations caused by resonance effect become more dominant while compared with the nonresonant effect, the phase difference becomes much closer to inphase or antiphase. (3) When wave's parallel morphology is given, the phase relationship can be used to judge the energy transfer direction between waves and particles. These findings can provide new sights into exploring ULF waves' propagation and distribution along magnetic field lines and studying their interaction with charged particles in the magnetosphere.
FSCN1 is an effective marker of poor prognosis and a potential therapeutic target in human tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yue , Tian Tian , Li Zhi-Yong , Wang Chun-Yang , Deng Rong , Deng Wei-Ye , Yang An-kui , Chen Yan-Feng , Li Hao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo estimate the value of FSCN1 in evaluating the prognosis and guiding the targeted therapy for patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Using the Oncomine database, we found some genes especially FSCN1 differentially expressed between TSCC samples and tongue normal samples. So we compared FSCN1 expression between TSCC and normal cell lines and knocked down FSCN1 in TSCC cells to observe its influence on the viability and trans-migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Then we measured FSCN1 expression in human cancer tissues and adjacent non-carcinoma tissues (ANT) and explored the relationship between FSCN1 expression and clinical pathological factors and prognosis in TSCC patients. We found that FSCN1 is expressed higher in TSCC cells than in normal cells. Knockdown of FSCN1 reduced TSCC cell viability and trans-migration in vitro and impaired tumor growth in vivo. FSCN1 also expressed higher in human TSCC than in ANT. In addition, FSCN1 expression was related to N classification, clinical stage and relapse. TSCC patients with over-expression of FSCN1 had worse prognosis. In conclusion, over-expression of FSCN1 indicates worse prognosis for patients with TSCC and FSCN1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in TSCC.
Beta1 integrin blockade overcomes doxorubicin resistance in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Berrazouane Sofiane , Boisvert Marc , Salti Suzanne , Mourad Walid , Al-Daccak Reem , Barabé Frédéric , Aoudjit Fawzi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in cancer chemoresistance. Leukemic T cells express several adhesion receptors of the β1 integrin subfamily with which they interact with ECM. However, the role of β1 integrins in chemoresistance of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is still ill defined. In this study, we demonstrate that interactions of human T-ALL cell lines and primary blasts with three-dimensional matrices including Matrigel and collagen type I gel promote their resistance to doxorubicin via β1 integrin. The blockade of β1 integrin with a specific neutralizing antibody sensitized xenografted CEM leukemic cells to doxorubicin, diminished the leukemic burden in the bone marrow and resulted in the extension of animal survival. Mechanistically, Matrigel/β1 integrin interaction enhanced T-ALL chemoresistance by promoting doxorubicin efflux through the activation of the ABCC1 drug transporter. Finally, our findings showed that Matrigel/β1 interaction enhanced doxorubicin efflux and chemoresistance by activating the FAK-related proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (PYK2) as both PYK2 inhibitor and siRNA diminished the effect of Matrigel. Collectively, these results support the role of β1 integrin in T-ALL chemoresistance and suggest that the β1 integrin pathway can constitute a therapeutic target to avoid chemoresistance and relapsed-disease in human T-ALL.
Transport evidence of asymmetric spin–orbit coupling in few-layer superconducting 1Td-MoTe2
Authors: Cui Jian , Li Peiling , Zhou Jiadong , He Wen-Yu , Huang Xiangwei , Yi Jian , Fan Jie , Ji Zhongqing , Jing Xiunian , Qu Fanming , Cheng Zhi Gang , Yang Changli , Lu Li , Suenaga Kazu , Liu Junwei , Law Kam Tuen , Lin Junhao , Liu Zheng , Liu Guangtong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTwo-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides MX2 (M = W, Mo, Nb, and X = Te, Se, S) with strong spin–orbit coupling possess plenty of novel physics including superconductivity. Due to the Ising spin–orbit coupling, monolayer NbSe2 and gated MoS2 of 2H structure can realize the Ising superconductivity, which manifests itself with in-plane upper critical field far exceeding Pauli paramagnetic limit. Surprisingly, we find that a few-layer 1Td structure MoTe2 also exhibits an in-plane upper critical field which goes beyond the Pauli paramagnetic limit. Importantly, the in-plane upper critical field shows an emergent two-fold symmetry which is different from the isotropic in-plane upper critical field in 2H transition metal dichalcogenides. We show that this is a result of an asymmetric spin–orbit coupling in 1Td transition metal dichalcogenides. Our work provides transport evidence of a new type of asymmetric spin–orbit coupling in transition metal dichalcogenides which may give rise to novel superconducting and spin transport properties.
A de novo strategy for predictive crystal engineering to tune excitonic coupling
Authors: Haldar Ritesh , Mazel Antoine , Krstić Marjan , Zhang Qiang , Jakoby Marius , Howard Ian A. , Richards Bryce S. , Jung Nicole , Jacquemin Denis , Diring Stéphane , Wenzel Wolfgang , Odobel Fabrice , Wöll Christof 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn molecular solids, the intense photoluminescence (PL) observed for solvated dye molecules is often suppressed by nonradiative decay processes introduced by excitonic coupling to adjacent chromophores. We have developed a strategy to avoid this undesirable PL quenching by optimizing the chromophore packing. We integrated the photoactive compounds into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and tuned the molecular alignment by introducing adjustable “steric control units” (SCUs). We determined the optimal alignment of core-substituted naphthalenediimides (cNDIs) to yield highly emissive J-aggregates by a computational analysis. Then, we created a large library of handle-equipped MOF chromophoric linkers and computationally screened for the best SCUs. A thorough photophysical characterization confirmed the formation of J-aggregates with bright green emission, with unprecedented photoluminescent quantum yields for crystalline NDI-based materials. This data demonstrates the viability of MOF-based crystal engineering approaches that can be universally applied to tailor the photophysical properties of organic semiconductor materials.
Drug resistance emergence in macaques administered cabotegravir long-acting for pre-exposure prophylaxis during acute SHIV infection
Authors: Radzio-Basu Jessica , Council Olivia , Cong Mian-er , Ruone Susan , Newton Alicia , Wei Xierong , Mitchell James , Ellis Shanon , Petropoulos Christos J. , Huang Wei , Spreen William , Heneine Walid , García-Lerma J. Gerardo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA long-acting injectable formulation of the HIV integrase inhibitor cabotegravir (CAB-LA) is currently in clinical development for PrEP. Although the long plasma half-life of CAB-LA is an important attribute for PrEP, it also raises concerns about drug resistance emergence if someone becomes infected with HIV, or if PrEP is initiated during undiagnosed acute infection. Here we use a macaque model of SHIV infection to model risks of drug resistance to CAB-LA PrEP. Six macaques infected with SHIV received CAB-LA before seroconversion. We show integrase mutations G118R, E92G/Q, or G140R in plasma from 3/6 macaques as early as day 57, and identify G118R and E92Q in viruses from vaginal and rectal fluids. G118R and G140R confer > 800-fold resistance to CAB and cross-resistance to all licensed integrase inhibitors. Our results emphasize the need for appropriate HIV testing strategies before and possibly shortly after initiating CAB LA PrEP to exclude acute infection.