bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Including GNU Octave in a numerical programming C++ rapid development software context for research models
Authors: Oanta E , Pescaru A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper is included in the strategy to use API facilities of CAD/CAE commercial applications and dedicated programming languages, such as GNU Octave, in order to create a set of instruments useful for the rapid development of the hybrid models. In this way, an exploratory investigation is presented regarding the most appropriate methods to use GNU Octave scientific programming facilities in C++ applications. Four software demonstrators are included in the paper, which may be used as an inspirational environment. Each program presents relevant aspects regarding the C++ API. The first demonstrator presents two methods to start the Octave interpreter, depending on its current version, and the use of the ‘feval()’ function for ‘gcd()’, ‘acos()’ and ‘inv()’. The type of the input and output values of ‘feval()’ are ‘octave_value_list’, being necessary appropriate conversion functions. The second program is dedicated to the built-in-functions, being presented three case studies. The third demonstrator presents the conversion of the values from a user defined C++ type to the Octave types, i.e. the conversion of a two dimensional array into a ‘Matrix’ Octave type,which is tested using the ‘norm()’ function.The fourth program uses ‘source_file(OCT_script_file)’, which executes the commands in the OCT_script_file\ The content of this file is written from a string and it is either a set of Octave commands, or the name of another Octave script file which is executed. We have solutions to minimise the access time spent due to the frequently write operation on the disk. We plan to continue our tests in order to find the best methods to use the GNU plotting facilities to develop graphical interpreters.
A fluid flow simulation in the cooling systems of the metal cutting process
Authors: Olaru I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
During processing of cutting materials due to friction between tools and materials, a considerable amount of heat is released to the development of high cutting forces. Excess heat from the cutting area may aggravate the cutting process, the surfaces resulting from the cutting process may have a several defects. By simulating the flow phenomena on the computer, different forms of nozzles that send the liquid to the work area are studied to make the cutting process more efficient. This study attempts to simulate the flow of cooling fluid in an integrated system and also to quantify the amount of heat entering the workpiece during the machining processes. Simulation using the finite element method for the machining area was done for conventional cutting processes, taking into account the environment. The simulation also takes into account the convective cooling of the working fluid in the MQL system. By assessing the cooling efficiency of different lubrication conditions of the coolant, based on their convective heat transfer coefficient and the temperature in the cutting zone.
Analysis of the noise emissions of a common-rail pump before and after an endurance test
Authors: Petrea N D , Bujoreanu C , Alaci S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
One of the problems of the modern era that we are facing nowadays, besides the pollution caused by fuel burning, is the level of noise pollution in constant growth in agglomerated cities. The main source of noise is the transport sector where the number of passenger cars had dramatically increased in recent years. Most of the vehicles around the world are powered by internal combustion engines equipped with a fuel injection system and a small percentage with an electric one. Researchers have shown that noise pollution affects human health from a psychological and physical point of view. Due to the manufacturing process of high-pressure pumps, some pumps mounted on the engine and running under certain conditions can produce a higher audible noise than the engine. The paper presents an experimental investigation on a high-pressure pump that provides a comparison between the noise level at the beginning of its lifetime and that resulting after an endurance test performed on a special test bench. It has been found that the greatest contributor to noise emissions is the high-pressure pump outlet valve when it opens. To improve the sound quality of the high-pressure pump, it is essential to further develop the outlet valve design and better control over the manufacturing process.
Simplified computer code for modelling fuel jet
Authors: Sabau A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
That paper presents a simplified mathematical model used in computer code for modelling the fuel jets. The used equations describe a fuel jet with minimum physical phenomena (jet atomization, droplets vaporization, droplets interaction with gases, and droplets collisions). It was considered that the fuel jet does not react with the surrounding gases. The thick spray regime is analysed and a collision function is deduced. A multi-component non-reacting turbulent flow is taken into consideration. The method used for solving the equations of the model is a combination between Eulerian fluid and Lagrangian particle calculation. The calculated results (jet penetration and mixing-fractions) is compared with experimental data.
Viscous fluid dissipation system model acting on the active principle
Authors: Scheaua F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
There are solutions in terms of seismic isolation and energy dissipation that are successfully applied all over the world to building structures but also to high-way and rail infrastructure elements represented by bridges and viaducts. These structures must remain functional even after they have been requested by a considerable magnitude earthquake. This is why research activities aiming the development and modernization of these mechanical systems, which play a decisive role in ensuring the optimal stability of these structures, are justified. Fluid dissipation systems were originally developed as passive protection systems but over time they have been constructively improved with intelligent control systems that have the potential to considerably increase the efficiency of these systems by making use direct control over the amount of energy which can be dissipated through these protection systems. Such a dissipative viscous fluid system is described in this paper as a more evolved constructive system than the passive principle model. Active control over the operation of this device is materialized by altering the working fluid flow rates through the constructional elements of the dissipation device assembly. This flow rate adjustment is made by means of a flow controller present within the control unit. The mathematical model characterizing the functioning of an active viscous fluid dissipation system is presented, as well as a numerical analysis describing the function of such a dissipative system depending on the additional mass of the isolated structure to which the protective device is attached. The numerical analysis is based on a set of specific values presented in the paper. These dissipation systems are primarily used in bridge or viaduct structures, being responsible for limiting the relative displacements between the structural elements where they are mounted. This method provides greater security through the rigid connection achieved between the structural frames acting as anchorages. Entry into action is made in the occurrence of a seismic event when the piston displacement is recorded and by changing the momentarily flow rate values of the circulating fluid the amount of energy dissipated is adjusted by means of the viscous fluid device. There are presented the advantages and disadvantages related to the use of such seismic energy dissipative systems attached to the construction structures.
The frictional contact of coated bodies. Part I – The sliding contact
Authors: Spinu S , Cerlinca D , Musca I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Hard coatings provide low friction, high wear resistance and corrosion protection that improve the tribological performances of the machine elements undergoing contact load. In lack of analytical solutions, a numerical study is performed in this paper for a better understanding of the engineering applications of hard coatings with consideration of friction. A previous study on the frictionless contact of bi-layered materials is extended by considering the effect of friction on the contact stress state. The assumption of a sliding contact in which the shear tractions do not affect the pressure distribution is adopted. This simplification, often present in the literature, decouples the contact problems in the normal and in the tangential direction and allows for a pressure distribution solution that is independent of the frictional regime. The shear tractions are subsequently obtained from a kinetic Coulomb-type friction law, under the assumption that the normal load is kept constant. The stress state in the coated system results by superposition of stresses due to the normal and the shear tractions. The frequency response functions needed for the calculation of the six stress tensor components induced by the shear tractions are presented for clarity and completeness. The convolution between these functions and the contact stresses is performed in the frequency domain for improved algorithmic efficiency. The performed contact analysis proves the ability of the numerical method to provide insight on the critical contact condition for plasticity failure, and to assist the optimal design of hard coatings.
Acoustic pressure and flame generation determinations in case of mechanical and gas-dynamic processes for small caliber weapons
Authors: Zvincu N-D , Mandache-Dodoiu A-D , Nistoran G-D , Haller L O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper presents results on the subject of the noise and flame generated by firing different weapons systems as part of determining safety measures for the weapons operators and specific safety distances for the involved personnel. Firing involves a series of mechanical and gas-dynamic processes sustained in a very short amount of time, some perceptible, some partially perceptible by humans, others not, therefore the use of high-speed camera and specialized software for assessments is required. Evaluations of the acoustic pressure produced by different small caliber weapons were achived using Bruel & Kjaer microphone and sonometer placed at different distances of interest from the barrel. The A frequency curve, based on contour courves of constant strength, was used in order to display the results obtained as the standard values indicated by the sonometer would not be identical to the perception of sound by the human ear. Determinations to evaluate the flame at the muzzle were also conducted.
Structural and kinematic aspects of some bar mechanisms for deployable structures
Authors: Doroftei I A , Bujoreanu C , Doroftei I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Transformable structures in architecture can change their shape or function in response to varying climatic conditions, changing environment and needs for different functional requirements or to emergency situations. Depending on how the transformation is doing, transformable structures can be deployable or demountable, as a kit-parts system. Deployable structures can also be divided in four main groups: spatial bar structures; foldable plate structures; tensegrity structures; and membrane structures. In this paper, some planar bar mechanisms proposed by Ten Fold Engineering company, which can be integrated in deployable structures, will be discussed.
Analysing the influence of a radial compliant tool in robotic milling operations
Authors: Ivan A M , Parpala R C , Coman C G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article presents the experimental research performed by the authors in the field of robotic low force milling operations using radial compliant end effectors in order to identify the general advantages and limitations offered by this approach when compared to conventional (non-compliant) tools. The experiments were conducted using a Kawasaki FS 10 E articulated arm robot with six axes. The experimental data was collected using a Kistler 9257B dynamometer for three different materials: aluminium, plastic and wood. For each material, several different milling operations were performed: chamfering, slotting and lateral milling. The evaluation for the two approaches was done by analysing the tool behaviour during machining operation, by measuring the machining forces generated by the milling process and by observing the surface quality resulted after machining. The experimental results led to the conclusion that the main limitation for radial compliant end effectors usage lies with slotting operations and with materials that have hard to remove chips. The results obtained in this work will be used, together with further experimental research, to identify the limitations and opportunities of available robotic equipment in milling applications with respect to machined materials, feeds and speeds, as well as trajectory planning.
Comparative analysis between using an articulated arm robot and a conventional machine in milling applications
Authors: Ivan A M , Parpala R C , Coman C G , Nicolescu A F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The scope of this article is to perform a comparative analysis between low force milling operations performed by an articulated arm industrial robot and a conventional milling machine on an aluminium workpiece. The research sought to compare the machining force levels, tool behaviour and surface aspect in order to identify the nature of stiffness limitations for industrial robots. The expected force levels under normal circumstance were up to 100 N. The experiments were conducted using a Kawasaki FS 10 E articulated arm robot with six degrees of freedom. The experimental data was collected using a Kistler 9257B dynamometer. The experimental procedures were first conducted using the industrial robot approach. Several milling passes were performed using both full radial tool engagement and a lateral depth of cut equal to 2/3 of the tool diameter. The machining force values were compared for each axis, with focus on both machining force levels, variations and resulted surface aspect. Regarding tool behaviour and machining results, these aspects were observed directly during and after each operation. The main conclusion of the experimental procedures was that the biggest stiffness issues appeared along Z axis and also appeared with greater chip thickness.
Research on the influence of straightness deviations on positioning precision of Cartesian industrial robots
Authors: Luncanu A , Stan G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Among the first generations of industrial robots used in various industries were the Cartesian industrial robots. The main advantages of these positioning systems are its flexibility and fast positioning capability. The reduced time of generating and programming of the industrial robots trajectory is a particular advantage of these systems. Over the years, a number of factors have been discovered that affect the positioning precision of Cartesian industrial robots. Presently among these factors that are affecting the positioning precision of a Cartesian industrial robot are the dimensional deviations and the geometrical deviations present in their structures. Among the geometric deviations, affecting the positioning accuracy of a Cartesian industrial robot there is the straightness deviation of the linear kinematic links. Due to the existence of straightness deviations in the linear kinematic links of the Cartesian industrial robot, it is necessary to use methods to minimize the positioning errors of industrial robots within the linear axes. In this article are presented methods of determining the values of rectilinear deviations and utilizing them in an optimized kinematic system. By choosing this method to minimize positioning error by designers in current generations of Cartesian industrial robots and systems using linear kinematic links, both positioning errors and trajectory generation times are diminished, resulting in the economic and technological efficiency of the products and services they offer.
On designing an automated tool for capacitors removal from waste printed circuits boards
Authors: Stamate C , Doroftei I , Chirita D , Burlacu A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The mass electronics sector is one of the most important sources of waste, both in terms of volume and materials content with dangerous effects on the environment. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are the most valuable component embedded into Electrical and Electronic Equipment (EEEs). The current amount of electronic systems is impressive while manual dismantling is a very common and non-efficient solution. On average, waste PCB accounts almost from 3% to 5% of the overall weight of waste electrical and electronic equipment. At this time, in Romania, the implemented solutions for waste PCB reduction are in a research phase, with no existing technological procedures that can be replicated. In the context of the TRADE-IT project we aim to design replicable architectures for waste printed boards reduction. Starting from the largest base plate and continuing to the smallest size, Extended ATX, ATX, Micro ATX, Mini ITX are some of the most used boards in a computer. When choosing a base plate from the ATX and/or microATX range, the shape factor must fit on a universal support bracket. The shape factor identifies the size of the circuit board, the location of the slots, and the location of the display board that comes out on the back of the computer. The shape factor also identifies the location of the holes that are used to mount the base plate in the universal clamp holder. Taking into account that capacitors represent approximately 8.6% of the PCB mass, we aim at designing an automated driven tool for their removal. The design is based on a robotic arm for motion manoeuvring, a programmable screwdriver and a custom-made end tool. In the current phase the proposed design was evaluated on controlled individual tests. The initial results highlight the feasibility of the proposed design while uncovering potential challenges for real-time implementation.
Study on the aerodynamic force which acts in the case of a train type multiple unit electric
Authors: Arsene S , Sebesan I , Manea I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper seeks to analyse the values of the aerodynamic resistance forces occurring during the movement of a train type multiple unit electric whit are running in Romania. Taking into account what has been said so far in the literature, regarding the fact that the aerodynamic forces acting on the vehicles are directly proportional to the square of the traveling speed, it is intended to estimate the values of these forces in the case of the proposed train for analysis. An exact determination is difficult to achieve and requires very high costs in terms of both the measuring equipment and the actual realization of the experiment. To avoid this, we will opt for a numerical analysis of aerodynamic force measurements. In this regard, the geometric shape of the train will be first modelled and then inserted into an airflow simulation program.
Energy consumption and CO2 and NOx emissions minimised in an intermittent ceramic kiln – “ECONOMICK kiln”
Authors: Fortuna A , Fortuna D M , Martini E , Pozzovivo A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
ECONOMICK LIFE project developed an innovative shuttle kiln for ceramic production, which consumes about 47% less energy than actually existing ones and, so, allows the industry to reduce costs, CO2, NOx, HF, SOx and dust emissions, and raw materials. A patented technology is used to recover heat from flue gases to pre-heat combustion air. Significantly, this technology does not use flues or other pipes and above all does not alter the fluid dynamics of the flue gases in any way, which therefore remain identical to those of a traditional shuttle kiln. This advantage, with the possibility of adjusting the flame speed, is important as it optimises the flue gas/piece thermal exchange and does not affect either uniformity of firing or energy savings at low temperatures. This patented technology allows to use preheated combustion air and to reduce max temperature in the burner body, adjusting flame speed. Further, a specific software allows to preserve a preselected air/gas ratio and to use different values in function of the firing cycle. A careful selection of the refractory materials, resulting in a lining that minimises thermal inertia and at the same time allow a cool wall temperature of below 50°C.
The trend of higher engineering education towards achieving technological development
Authors: Garbuz V , Topala P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The technical-scientific progress, rapidly evolving technologies, developing of innovative processes in the sphere of production, the effect of the economy globalization, etc. require a rethinking and complete reformatting of the education system in general and particularly, of that one related to engineering. This paper analyses development trends of higher technical education in the world and particularly in the Republic of Moldova. It is analysed the dynamic evolution of the number of students and graduates ethnic domain specifically for Moldova in order to elucidate this issue. There were realised three studies attended by students from engineering specialties, young engineering specialists and their employers. Research results highlight the key role of knowledge and skills that young professionals must possess to achieve technical performance, scientific and economic information in accordance with international standards. With an accelerated technological progress, it is clear that we are on the top of a new era of machine learning, machine doing and finally, of a true artificial intelligence (AI). It is a central point in history that presents both opportunities and challenges. And undoubtedly, the most significant social and economic impact will be on the job - it is required to determine what work will be performed and by whom. In this aspect, application of exponential technologies is analysed in order to strengthen labor and accelerate business growth, as we enter the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In this new era, the transition to innovations based on combinations of technologies, force companies to reconsider how they do business, including requirements put forward in preparing new specialists in the labor market. Their actions should be oriented in training a generation of self-motivated and responsible engineers of the highest quality, able to participate in solving societal and engineering challenges of the XXI century through creative and viable solutions.