bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Machine‐Learning‐Assisted Process Optimization for High‐Performance Organic Thermoelectrics
Authors: Jeong Jeehyun , Park Suyeon , Park Juhyung , Song Jeonghan , Kwak Jeonghun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOptimizing the processing conditions of conjugated polymers is a key step in improving the performance of various organic electronic devices, including organic thermoelectric (TE) devices that are capable of harvesting energy from waste heat. However, the inherent structural and energetic disorders in these materials and their unpredictable property changes after processing complicate the optimization principles, requiring numerous trial‐and‐error experiments to maximize the TE performance. Here, a machine‐learning (ML)‐based design of experiments approach is introduced to address these challenges, and its effectiveness is demonstrated using a representative thiophene‐based doped polymer system for organic TE. This approach not only helps to quantitatively understand how each processing parameter affects the TE properties of the polymer but also facilitates the prediction of optimal processing conditions, leading to achieve maximum TE performance with minimal experiments within a large parameter space. Furthermore, the ML‐based approach is validated by revealing the origins of the power factor maximization at the ML‐predicted processing conditions through analysis of the morphology and electronic states of the doped polymer films. The proposed methodology is applicable to the majority of polymer systems for organic thermoelectric energy conversion and will provide guidelines for determining optimal process conditions and improving TE performance with minimal effort.
Electrocatalytic Water Splitting in Isoindigo‐based Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Trabolsi Ali , Das Gobinda , Roy Suprobhat Singha , Abou Ibrahim Fayrouz , Merhi Areej , Dirawi Huda N. , Benyettou Farah , Das Akshaya Kumar , Prakasam Thirumurugan , Varghese Sabu , Sharma Sudhir Kumar , Kirmizialtin Serdal , Jagannathan Ramesh , Gándara Felipe , Aouad Samer , Olson Mark A. , Kundu Subrata , Kaafarani Bilal R. 
Published: November 2024

Developing a low‐cost, robust, and high‐performance electrocatalyst capable of efficiently performing both the oxygen evolution reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under both basic and acidic conditions is a major challenge. This area of research has attracted much attention in recent decades due to its importance in energy storage and conversion. Herein, we report the synthesis of two imine‐linked isoindigo‐based covalent organic networks. The combination of isoindigo dialdehyde with a planar triazine core, leads to the formation of thin, highly crystalline, planar 2D‐nanosheets covalent organic framework (I‐TTA COF), whereas its combination with ionic non‐planar guanidinium core leads to an amorphous covalent organic polymer (I‐TG COP) with a fibrous morphology. The sheet‐like crystalline I‐TTA COF shows better electrocatalytic activity compared to the amorphous fibrous I‐TG COP. I‐TTA exhibits a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of ~134 mV for HER (in 0.5 M H2SO4) and ~283 mV for OER (in 1 M KOH). The electrocatalytic activity of the I‐TTA COF in the OER exceeds that of other metal‐free COFs. The catalytic activity is maintained even after 24 hours of chronoamperometry and 500 cycles of cyclic voltammetry (CV) at high scan rates.
Quantitative assessment of masticatory muscles based on skull muscle attachment areas in Carnivora
Authors: Ito Kai , Kubo Mugino O. , Kodera Ryo , Takeda Sei‐ichiro , Endo Hideki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMasticatory muscles are composed of the temporalis, masseter, and pterygoid muscles in mammals. Each muscle has a different origin on the skull and insertion on the mandible; thus, all masticatory muscles contract in different directions. Collecting in vivo data and directly measuring the masticatory muscles anatomically in various Carnivora species is practically problematic. This is because some carnivorans can be ferocious, rare, or even extinct. Consequently, the most practical method to collect data on the force generated by the masticatory muscle is to estimate the force based on skulls. The physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) of each masticatory muscle, which correlates to the maximum force that can be produced by a muscle, was quantified. Using computed tomography, we defined the three‐dimensional measurement area for 32 carnivoran species based on the origin and insertion of masticatory muscles specified by observable crests, ridges, and scars. Subsequent allometric analysis relating the measurement area on skull surface to the PCSA for each masticatory muscle measured in fresh specimens revealed a strong correlation between the two variables. This finding indicates that within Carnivora, an estimation of absolute masticatory muscle PCSA can be derived from measurements area on skull surface. This method allows for the use of cranial specimens, housed in museums and research institutions, that lack preserved masticatory muscles in quantitative studies involving masticatory muscle PCSA. This approach facilitates comprehensive discussions on the masticatory muscle morphology of Carnivora, including rare and extinct species.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, DFT Calculations, Molecular Docking and ADME Studies of Novel Schiff Base Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes Derived from 4‐nitro‐ortho‐phenylenediamine
Authors: Sindhu Indu , Singh Anshul , Deswal Yogesh , Gupta Neeraj Mohan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA condensation reaction was carried out between 4‐nitro‐ortho‐phenylenediamine and 5‐bromosalicyaldehyde to synthesize a novel Schiff base ligand 2,2′‐[(1E,1′E)‐(4‐nitro‐1,2‐phenylene) bis (azaneylylidene) bis (methaneylylidene)] bis (4‐bromophenol) [NB] in the current investigation. This was followed by the synthesis of metallic complexes comprising the Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) transition metal ions. A hexadentate environment encircling metal complexes was corroborated by the results of varied spectroscopic methods that were employed to unravel the structure of the ligand and metal complexes. The Tauc's plot and Urbach energy were utilized for quantifying the optical energy band gap to provide insight into optical characteristics. The Coats‐Redfern method of thermal analysis was implemented to do the kinetic and thermodynamic calculations. Furthermore, DFT studies were performed to predict geometrical structures and the stability of the compounds. Thorough investigation to evaluate their biological efficacies, docking studies was executed against COVID‐19 main protease (PDB‐7VAH), Dengue virus NS2B/NS3 protease (PDB‐2FOM) and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (PDB‐5AF3). Apart from this, in silico ADMET studies were also accomplished for elucidation of drug likeness characteristics and the results attained disclose the significant proficiency of synthesized compounds. Besides this, antimicrobial studies were assessed with different microbial strains and result validates cobalt and zinc complexes as most potent against the selected bacterial and fungal strains.
Taraxasterol Acetate From Taraxacum officinale Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice in Association With Changes of the Metabolism and Structure of Gut Microbiota
Authors: Jin Li , Li Man , He Beihui , Li Liqin , Liu Yingchao , Zhang Jizhou , Wang Biao , Sun Chengtao , Kai Guoyin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUlcerative colitis (UC) is closely associated with the structural and metabolic disorders of gut microbiota. Taraxasterol acetate (TSA) from Taraxacum officinale (TO) has anti‐inflammatory activity. In this study, to investigate the therapeutic potential of TSA and its mechanism of action in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced UC. The anti‐inflammatory effects of TSA were evaluated in vitro. DSS‐induced UC animal models and TSA gavage were employed for in vivo experiments. The results indicated that TSA showed good anti‐inflammatory effects both in vitro and in vivo, and the anti‐UC effect of TSA was better than that of the extract in vivo. TSA relieved clinical symptoms in DSS‐induced UC mice and repaired the intestinal barrier. TSA restored the structural disorder of gut microbiota and regulated metabolic levels in DSS‐induced UC mice. This study provides a fresh perspective on developing new therapeutic methods against UC using the traditional Chinese medicine TSA.
Crossproduct Effect and Volatility Forecasting
Authors: Xu Jiafu , Wu Xinyu , Xie Haibin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper explores if the crossproduct of return and realized volatility measure contributes to volatility forecasting. We find there is an asymmetric crossproduct effect in volatility and propose a realized asymmetric GARCH (henceforth RealAGARCH) model. The RealAGARCH model is a generalization to the absolute GARCH and the asymmetric GARCH. Moreover, the RealAGARCH model has a news impact surface instead of a news impact curve, which makes it different from other GARCH‐like models. Empirical performance of the RealAGARCH model is evaluated on a variety of stock indices, and the results show dominance of RealAGARCH over the benchmark RealGARCH judging by either in‐sample or out‐of‐sample forecasting performance. A battery of checks confirm the robustness of our findings and thus the importance of incorporating crossproduct effect into volatility forecasting.
The impact of obstetrical anal sphincter injuries on the interpregnancy interval and pregnancy complications of subsequent delivery: A retrospective study
Authors: Birenstock Talia , Yahav Lior , Weintraub Adi Y. , Shmuel Atar Ben , Yohay Zehava , Eshkoli Tamar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveOur primary objective was to evaluate the interpregnancy interval (IPI) of women who have experienced obstetric anal sphincter injuries during delivery. Additionally, we compared adverse perinatal outcomes in subsequent deliveries following obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) in women with longer and shorter IPIs.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included women who had a subsequent pregnancy following OASIS and women without a history of such injuries, who delivered in a tertiary medical center between 2015 and 2019. Data were retrieved from patient computerized medical records. Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis were used to evaluate the IPI defined as the time from delivery to the last menstruation prior to the subsequent delivery. Data analysis for our secondary objective was performed using mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables.ResultsDuring the study period, 233 women experienced OASIS (0.27%), of whom 142 met the study criteria. There was no significant difference in the mean IPI between women in the two groups. However, women were significantly more likely to have a repeat perineal tear (49 [34.5%], P < 0.001), an episiotomy (16 [11.3%], P < 0.001), and an elective or an emergency cesarean section (60 [42.3%], P < 0.001) in their subsequent delivery. There was no difference in pregnancy outcomes among women who had a long compared with a short IPI.ConclusionsWomen do not delay or avoid childbirth after experiencing OASIS. However, women are more likely to experience perineal tears, episiotomies, or a cesarean delivery in the subsequent pregnancy.
Frailty as a Risk Factor for Chronic Sinusitis: Insights from a Nationwide Cross‐sectional Survey
Authors: Chen Han , Wang Lin , Zhang Jisheng , Yan Xudong , Yu Longgang , Jiang Yan 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the connection between frailty and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) using a representative sample from the Korean population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 24,269 participants initially, with data sourced from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) database. Frailty was assessed using the modified frailty phenotype (FP) and frailty index (FI), with criteria tailored for the KNHANES dataset. CRS was identified based on the self‐reported medical history of participants. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to examine the correlation between CRS and frailty.ResultsThe prevalence of CRS among frail individuals was higher than that in the non‐frail group. Frailty status (assessed by FP) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.484, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.217, 1.809) and frailty status (assessed by FI) (OR = 1.571, 95% CI: 1.107, 2,230) were associated with an elevated risk of CRS, particularly in individuals aged 40–60 years (OR = 1.826, 95% CI: 1.245, 2.680) and ≥61 years (OR = 1.549, 95% CI: 1.067, 2.249), as well as those with an education level below high school (OR = 1.717, 95% CI: 1.124, 2.624). The heightened risk of CRS associated with frailty may be attributed to increased levels of slowness (OR = 1.606, 95% CI: 1.255, 2.054) and emotional exhaustion (OR = 1.363, 95% CI: 1.158, 1.604).ConclusionThis study supported a link between frailty and CRS, potentially induced by slowness and emotional exhaustion, suggesting that effective interventions for preventing frailty should be developed to manage CRS incidence.Level of EvidenceLevel 3 Laryngoscope, 2024
Analyzing electronic medical records to extract prepregnancy morbidities and pregnancy complications: Toward a learning health system
Authors: Belsti Yitayeh , Moran Lisa , Mousa Aya , Goldstein Rebecca , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , Khomami Mahnaz Bahri , Kebede Mihiretu M. , Teede Helena , Enticott Joanne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionPreexisting and pregnancy‐related medical conditions frequently co‐occur, leading to multimorbidity (≥2 morbidities) in pregnant women, and much of this information is in semi‐structured format in electronic medical records (EMRs). The aim was to advance the learning health system as a platform for automating information extraction from EMRs and to uncover the prevalence of common morbidities during pregnancy and their association with pregnancy‐related complications.MethodsThis study included 48 502 pregnant women attending Monash Health maternity hospitals from 2016 to 2021. Natural language processing (NLP) was used to extract morbidities from semi‐structured text in EMRs. Chi‐squared tests were used to assess the association between morbidities of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and other pregnancy complications. The k‐means clustering algorithm identified clusters of comorbid conditions associated with GDM.ResultsThe most common comorbidities during pregnancy were vitamin deficiency (14 019; 28.9%), overweight (13 918; 28.7%), obesity (11 026; 22.7%), anemia and other blood‐related disorders (4821; 9.9%), mental health disorders (4314; 9.8%), asthma (4126; 8.5%), thyroid diseases (3576; 7.4%), endometrial disease (1927; 3.9%), cardiovascular disease (1525; 3.1%), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (1464; 3.0%). While 22.5% of women had no medical conditions, 77.5% had one or more. Multimorbidity was associated with conditions including overweight, obesity, vitamin deficiency, thyroid disease, substance use, PCOS, GDM, and endometrial diseases. On cluster analysis, aged 35 years or older, overweight, vitamin deficiency, obesity, thyroid disease, asthma, uterine disease, other blood disorders, mental disorders, and PCOS were associated with GDM.ConclusionsMore than three‐quarters of pregnant women in the Australian urban setting experienced one or more morbidities during pregnancy, which can be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This project contributes to developing a learning health system infrastructure to deliver high‐value maternal health care while reducing costs.
Combined diet and exercise training decreases serum lipids associated with insulin resistance
Authors: Broussard Josiane L. , Garfield Amanda , Zarini Simona , Brozinick Joseph T. , Perreault Leigh , Newsom Sean A. , Kahn Darcy , Kerege Anna , Berry Karin Zemski , Bui Hai Hoang , Bergman Bryan C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveCirculating lipids are linked with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular disease risk. We previously reported that dihydroceramides, a specific type of sphingolipid, are elevated in insulin‐resistant individuals; however, little is known regarding whether insulin‐sensitizing lifestyle interventions can improve profiles of sphingolipids and other lipid species.MethodsA total of 21 individuals with obesity participated in a 3‐month lifestyle intervention of combined weight loss and exercise training. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamps, and serum lipidomics was conducted.ResultsFollowing the intervention, BMI was significantly reduced by 10%; VO2peak and insulin sensitivity increased by 12% and 57%, respectively; and total serum triacylglycerol (TAG), diacylglycerol, dihydroceramides, sphingosine‐1‐phosphate, and sphinganine‐1‐phosphate were significantly reduced, as were specific species of dihydroceramides (C18:0 and C24:1). Individuals with higher preintervention TAG concentrations had significant decreases in serum lipids, which were not significantly changed in individuals with lower preintervention TAG.ConclusionsThese data show that serum sphingolipid species previously linked to insulin resistance in humans can be reduced with insulin‐sensitizing lifestyle interventions. Furthermore, individuals with elevated serum TAG may significantly benefit from lifestyle interventions that increase insulin sensitivity due to a greater decrease in serum lipids related to insulin resistance.
Biochemometrics‐Based Identification of Gallic Acid and Gallic Acid Galloylglucosides From Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi With Cytotoxic Effects on Cultured Melanoma Cells
Authors: Casanova Livia Marques , do Nascimento Júnior José Xavier , de Souza Jacqueline Elis , do Couto Rodrigues Raul , Araújo Amanda Bandeira , Arrais Emmanuel , de Oliveira Silva Luiz Claudio , Bessa Menezes Yasmim M. , Yien Raíssa Mara Kao , Tinoco Luzineide Wanderley , Costa Sônia Soares , Sola‐Penna Mauro , Zancan Patrícia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionKalanchoe Adans. (Crassulaceae) is a genus of widespread succulent plants extensively studied for their biological activities. Plants of the genus are considered a potential source of antitumor agents.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of an aqueous extract and fractions of leaves of Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi R. Hamet & H. Perrier on the proliferation of melanoma cell lines employing an NMR‐based biochemometric approach complemented with HPLC‐DAD and UHPLC–MS/MS analyses.Material and MethodsThe n‐butanol fraction (KFBuOH) from K. fedtschenkoi aqueous leaf extract, which decreased B16F10 murine melanoma cells viability by 65% at 100 μg/mL, was fractionated with RP‐18 SPE and Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography. The fractions were analyzed by 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and submitted to MTT cytotoxicity assays against cultured melanoma cells. Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) was used to correlate their 1H‐NMR profile and cytotoxic activity.ResultsThis strategy enabled the identification of gallic acid (1) and two gallic acid glucosides—gallic acid 4‐O‐(6′‐O‐galloyl)‐glucopyranoside) (2) and gallic acid 3‐O‐(6′‐O‐galloyl)‐glucopyranoside) (3)—as putative bioactive substances, which was further corroborated by subsequent assays with enriched fractions and a gallic acid standard. The fractions enriched in gallic acid (KFA) and gallic acid galloylglucosides (KFB) evidenced selective cytotoxicity towards B16F10 cells (IC50 43.0 and 56.6 μg/mL, respectively) and MV3 human melanoma cells (IC50 93.6 and 66.1 μg/mL, respectively).ConclusionThese results suggest a potential therapeutic use for K. fedtschenkoi in melanoma treatment. This is the first study to evidence a potential antitumor activity for gallic acid galloylglucosides.
Assessing the impact of strictly protecting 30%–50% of global land on carbon dynamics in natural and agricultural ecosystems
Authors: Camargo‐Alvarez Hector , Bampoh Daniel , Mazzola Valeria , Alexander Peter , Henry Roslyn , Rabin Sam , Rounsevell Mark , Arneth Almut 
Published: November 2024

Societal Impact StatementStrictly protected areas for nature conservation are a key policy to benefit biodiversity and climate change mitigation since reduced deforestation and ecosystem restoration enhance carbon stocks. However, there is controversy regarding their potential societal impacts, such as competition for land and food security. Here, we investigate the implications of protecting 30% and 50% of the global ice‐free land surface on the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem carbon uptake and losses, agricultural land use and synergies with food production. The study provides insights into the role of protected areas on the global terrestrial carbon store, contributing to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation efforts.Summary
Agriculture and forestry use around half of the global ice‐free land and are major drivers of biodiversity loss. For this reason, the post‐2020 Global Biodiversity Framework of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) targets at least 30% of protected global land by 2030.
This study evaluates the impacts of different land‐use change scenarios on the storage of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and trade‐offs and synergies in the global food production system by comparing a reference scenario with no additional protected area expansion targets and two scenarios with strict area‐based protection targets of 30% and 50% of the ice‐free land surface.
A net global gain in carbon storage up to 110 PgC was projected for 2056–2060 in the protection scenarios compared to the reference scenario (equivalent to around 10 years of current global anthropogenic C emissions). However, regional disparities in carbon storage are large and include carbon losses in areas identified as having—at least on a decadal perspective—‘irrecoverable’ carbon.
In the protection scenarios, cropland expansion in some regions is accompanied by intensification of production with an increase of up to 8% in the use of N fertiliser, which may lead to pollution and additional greenhouse gas emissions.
Unveiling the radiological odyssey: Navigating the interstitial with artificial intelligence
Authors: Russo Anna , Viglione Vittorio , Franzese Linda , Patanè Vittorio , Valente Tullio , Perrotta Fabio , Reginelli Alfonso 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study examines the radiological and clinical evolution of a case involving mixed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, utilizing conventional CT imaging and artificial intelligence tool. Through a series of exams and clinical assessments, the patient was followed for over 3 years, highlighting the challenge in differentiating these interstitial pathologies and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. The radiological progression towards pulmonary fibrosis was correlated with clinical symptoms, emphasizing the significance of early diagnosis and regular follow‐up. The combined use of advanced technologies offers a more comprehensive framework in managing complex lung diseases, enhancing the quality of care and understanding of interstitial pathologies.