bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Adsorption of Analgosedative Drugs in New Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Circuits
Authors: Raffaeli Genny , Allegaert Karel , Koch Birgit , Cavallaro Giacomo , Mosca Fabio , Tibboel Dick , Wildschut Enno D. 
Published: February 2018

Objective:
Evaluate drug disposition of sedatives and analgesics in the Xenios/Novalung extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits.

Design:
In vitro experimental study.

Setting:
Erasmus MC - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Subjects:
Nine closed-loop extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits, made up of the iLA Activve console with four different iLA Activve kits: two X-lung kits, two iLA-Activve iLA kits, two MiniLung kits, and three MiniLung petite kits.

Interventions:
The circuits were primed with fresh whole blood and maintained under physiologic conditions (pH/temperature) throughout 24 hours. Paracetamol, morphine, midazolam, fentanyl, and sufentanil were injected as standard age-related doses into nine closed-loop extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits.

Measurements and Main Results:
Pre-membrane (P2) blood samples were obtained prior to drug injection and after injection at 2, 10, 30, 180, 360 minutes, and at 24 hours. A control sample at 2 minutes was collected for spontaneous drug degradation testing at 24 hours. Two hundred sixteen samples were analyzed. After correction for the spontaneous drug degradation, the mean drug loss at 24 hours was paracetamol 49%, morphine 51%, midazolam 40%, fentanyl 84%, sufentanil 83%. Spontaneous degradation was paracetamol 6%, morphine 0%, midazolam 11%, fentanyl 4%, and sufentanil 0%. The decline of drug concentration over time was more pronounced for the more lipophilic drugs.

Conclusions:
Loss of highly lipophilic drugs in the extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits at 24 hours was remarkable. Drug loss is comparable with other hollow fiber extracorporeal membrane oxygenation systems but less than in silicone-based membranes especially in the first hours after injection.
Social Network Support and Decreased Risk of Seroconversion in Black MSM: Results of the BROTHERS (HPTN 061) Study
Authors: Hermanstyne Keith A. , Green Harold D. , Cook Ryan , Tieu Hong-Van , Dyer Typhanye V. , Hucks-Ortiz Christopher , Wilton Leo , Latkin Carl , Shoptaw Steven 
Published: February 2018

Background and setting:
Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) in the United States have disproportionately high HIV infection rates. Social networks have been shown to influence HIV risk behavior; however, little is known about whether they affect the risk of HIV seroconversion. This study uses data from the BROTHERS (HPTN 061) study to test whether contextual factors related to social networks are associated with HIV seroconversion among BMSM.

Methods:
We analyzed data from the BROTHERS study (2009–2011), which examined a multicomponent intervention for BMSM in 6 US cities. We ran a series of Cox regression analyses to examine associations between time-dependent measures of network support (personal/emotional, financial, medical, and social participation) and time to HIV seroconversion. We ran unadjusted models followed by models adjusted for participant age at enrollment and study location.

Results:
A total of 1000 BMSM tested HIV negative at baseline and were followed at 6- and 12-month study visits. Twenty-eight men tested HIV positive. In adjusted hazard ratio models, study participants who remained HIV negative had higher proportions of social network members who provided personal/emotional {0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.85 to 0.99]}, medical [0.92 (95% CI: 0.85 to 0.99)], or social participation [0.91 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.97)] support.

Conclusion:
Findings suggest that the increased presence of social network support can be protective against HIV acquisition. Future research should explore the processes that link social network support with sexual and other transmission risk behaviors as a basis to inform HIV prevention efforts.
Texture Analysis and Machine Learning for Detecting Myocardial Infarction in Noncontrast Low-Dose Computed Tomography
Authors: Mannil Manoj , von Spiczak Jochen , Manka Robert , Alkadhi Hatem 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
The aim of this study was to test whether texture analysis and machine learning enable the detection of myocardial infarction (MI) on non–contrast-enhanced low radiation dose cardiac computed tomography (CCT) images.

Materials and Methods
In this institutional review board–approved retrospective study, we included non–contrast-enhanced electrocardiography-gated low radiation dose CCT image data (effective dose, 0.5 mSv) acquired for the purpose of calcium scoring of 27 patients with acute MI (9 female patients; mean age, 60 ± 12 years), 30 patients with chronic MI (8 female patients; mean age, 68 ± 13 years), and in 30 subjects (9 female patients; mean age, 44 ± 6 years) without cardiac abnormality, hereafter termed controls. Texture analysis of the left ventricle was performed using free-hand regions of interest, and texture features were classified twice (Model I: controls versus acute MI versus chronic MI; Model II: controls versus acute and chronic MI). For both classifications, 6 commonly used machine learning classifiers were used: decision tree C4.5 (J48), k-nearest neighbors, locally weighted learning, RandomForest, sequential minimal optimization, and an artificial neural network employing deep learning. In addition, 2 blinded, independent readers visually assessed noncontrast CCT images for the presence or absence of MI.

Results
In Model I, best classification results were obtained using the k-nearest neighbors classifier (sensitivity, 69%; specificity, 85%; false-positive rate, 0.15). In Model II, the best classification results were found with the locally weighted learning classification (sensitivity, 86%; specificity, 81%; false-positive rate, 0.19) with an area under the curve from receiver operating characteristics analysis of 0.78. In comparison, both readers were not able to identify MI in any of the noncontrast, low radiation dose CCT images.

Conclusions
This study indicates the ability of texture analysis and machine learning in detecting MI on noncontrast low radiation dose CCT images being not visible for the radiologists' eye.
Intravenous Calcium-/Zinc-Diethylene Triamine Penta-Acetic Acid in Patients With Presumed Gadolinium Deposition Disease
Authors: Semelka Richard C. , Ramalho Miguel , Jay Michael , Hickey Lisa , Hickey Joseph 
Published: February 2018

Objectives
The aim of this study was to report the use of intravenous calcium (Ca)-/zinc (Zn)-diethylene triamine penta-acetic acid (DTPA) for the treatment of 25 symptomatic patients diagnosed with gadolinium deposition disease (GDD).

Materials and Methods
Written informed consent was obtained. Twenty-five patients (18 women; mean age, 46.8 ± 15.3 years) with a diagnosis of GDD were included. All patients had received at least 1 administration of a gadolinium (Gd)-based contrast agent. Patients received 3 treatment sessions with Ca-/Zn-DTPA, 15 with treatments spaced 1 month apart, and 10 with treatments spaced 1 week apart. In all cases, every treatment consisted of an application of Ca-DTPA and Zn-DTPA separated by 24 hours. Measurements of 24-hour urine Gd content before dosing and on the first and second days of therapy were performed. Symptomatic improvement of patients was determined by use of a 10-point scale of patient symptoms. Serum electrolytes were quantified.

Results
Gadolinium content increased in the urine, with an overall mean of 30.3-fold increase in the monthly regimen (P < 0.001) and 12.9-fold in the weekly regimen (P < 0.001). Eleven patients experienced transient worsening of at least some of their symptoms, termed a “flare-up” phenomenon, in most of whom symptoms improved or receded. Overall, symptoms improved in 13 patients, unchanged in 10, and worse in 2. Significant clinical improvement was present for headache, brain fog, and bone pain for the monthly regimen and arm pain and leg pain for the weekly regimen. There were no significant changes in major serum electrolytes.

Conclusions
Three courses of intravenous Ca-/Zn-DTPA therapy results in significantly increased urine content of Gd after treatment and moderate symptomatic improvement.
Occlusion-Fit Three-Dimensional–Printed Zygoma Repositioner
Authors: Cho Jinyong , Kwon Jae-Sung , Lee Ui-Lyong 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Reduction malarplasty is utilized to reshape the facial form into an oval shape. However, complications and unfavorable results in reduction malarplasty have been reported. Reoperation of a nonunion malar complex is difficult relative to the achievement of a satisfactory outcome using the intraoral approach with a narrow surgical field because the normal anatomy has been destroyed, and previous surgery may have caused asymmetry. In this situation, computer-aided simulation surgery and surgical guides can serve as effective solutions to overcome the limitations of reoperative malarplasty using the intraoral approach.
In this report, the authors present a case with successful treatment outcomes for a nonunion malar complex using a three-dimensional-printed zygoma repositioner.
Surgical Treatment of Osteoma in the Basilar Region of the Mandible
Authors: Bartoli Manoela Moura De , Maciel Luis Felipe Oliveira , de Alencar Marília Gabriela Mendes , da Silva Thiago Coelho Gomes , Vasconcellos Ricardo José Holanda 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Osteoma is an uncommon benign osteogenic tumor characterized by the proliferation of compact and cancellous bone. The objective of this study was to report a case of osteoma in the basilar region of the mandible. The patient reported no pain, but the affected area was tender to touch and there was esthetic concern because of the apparent swelling. The mass measured approximately 5 cm in diameter and extended to the lingual area of the mandible. A vestibular approach was used for surgical treatment. After infiltration of a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor, to expose the mandibular ramus, an incision was made with an electric scalpel along the external oblique ridge through the mucosa, submucosa and muscle, fascia and periosteum until the lower second molar, 3 to 5 mm inferior to the mucogingival junction. A mucoperiosteal flap was raised until the base of the mandible to access the tumor. Osteotomy was performed and the tumor was removed. The patient shows no recurrence of the tumor after 1 year and 6 months of follow-up. Periodical clinical and radiographic follow-up are satisfactory since recurrence is rare.
Neurofibroma of the Nasal Ala: Pediatric Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Gómez Oswaldo J. , Bernal Mónica , Martínez Diana Carolina 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Benign tumors of the nasal cavity originating from a peripheral nerve sheath are rare. The authors present a case of a 3-month-old boy with a mass in the left nasal vestibule. The surgical resection was complicated by full-thickness necrosis of more than 50% of the nasal ala. The tumor was diagnosed histopathologically as a neurofibroma with glial heterotopia. The details of the nasal reconstruction with a paramedian forehead flap in 3 stages and postoperative results are provided with satisfactory cosmetic and functional results.
Esterification of phenyl acetic acid with
p
-cresol using metal cation exchanged montmorillonite nanoclay catalysts
Authors: Bhaskar M. , Surekha M. , Suma N. 
Published: February 2018

The liquid phase esterification of phenyl acetic acid with
p
-cresol over different metal cation exchanged montmorillonite nanoclays yields
p
-cresyl phenyl acetate. Different metal cation exchanged montmorillonite nanoclays (M

n

+
= Al
3+
, Zn
2+
, Mn
2+
, Fe
3+
, Cu
2+
) were prepared and the catalytic activity was studied. The esterification reaction was conducted by varying molar ratio of the reactants, reaction time and catalyst amount on the yield of the ester. Among the different metal cation exchanged catalysts used, Al
3+
-montmorillonite nanoclay was found to be more active. The characterization of the material used was studied under different techniques, namely X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The product obtained,
p
-cresyl phenyl acetate, was identified by thin-layer chromotography and confirmed by Fourier transform infrared,
1
H NMR and
13
C NMR. The regeneration activity of used catalyst was also investigated up to fourth generation.
Context-dependent signaling of coincident auditory and visual events in primary visual cortex
Authors: Deneux Thomas , Kempf Alexandre , Bathellier Brice 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDetecting rapid coincident changes across sensory modalities is essential to recognize sudden threats and events. Using two-photon calcium imaging in identified cell types in awake mice, we show that auditory cortex (AC) neurons projecting to primary visual cortex (V1) preferentially encode the abrupt onsets of sounds. In V1, a sub-population of layer 1 interneurons gates this selective cross-modal information by a suppression specific to the absence of visual inputs. However, when large auditory onsets coincide with visual stimuli, visual responses are strongly boosted in V1. Thus, a dynamic asymmetric circuit across AC and V1 specifically identifies visual events starting simultaneously to sudden sounds, potentially catalyzing localization of new sound sources in the visual field.
Rationally-engineered reproductive barriers using CRISPR & CRISPRa: an evaluation of the synthetic species concept inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Waters Andrew J , Capriotti Paolo , Gaboriau David , Papathanos Philippos Aris , Windbichler Nikolai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability to erect rationally-engineered reproductive barriers in animal or plant species promises to enable a number of biotechnological applications such as the creation of genetic firewalls, the containment of gene drives or novel population replacement and suppression strategies for genetic control. However, to date no experimental data exist that explores this concept in a multicellular organism. Here we examine the requirements for building artificial reproductive barriers in the metazoan modelDrosophila melanogasterby combining CRISPR-based genome editing and transcriptional transactivation (CRISPRa) of the same loci. We directed 13 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) to the promoters of 7 evolutionary conserved genes and used 11 drivers to conduct a miss-activation screen. We identify dominant-lethal activators of theevelocus and find that they disrupt development by strongly activatingeveoutside its native spatio-temporal context. We employ the same set of sgRNAs to isolate, by genome editing, protective INDELs that render these loci resistant to transactivation without interfering with target gene function. When these sets of genetic components are combined we find that complete synthetic lethality, a prerequisite for most applications, is achievable using this approach. However, our results suggest a steep trade-off between the level and scope of dCas9 expression, the degree of genetic isolation achievable and the resulting impact on fly fitness. The genetic engineering strategy we present here allows the creation of single or multiple reproductive barriers and could be applied to other multicellular organisms such as disease vectors or transgenic organisms of economic importance.
Comprehensive and empirical evaluation of machine learning algorithms for LC retention time prediction
Authors: Bouwmeester Robbin , Martens Lennart , Degroeve Sven 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLiquid chromatography is a core component of almost all mass spectrometric analyses of (bio)molecules. Because of the high-throughput nature of mass spectrometric analyses, the interpretation of these chromatographic data increasingly relies on informatics solutions that attempt to predict an analyte’s retention time. The key components of such predictive algorithms are the features these are supplies with, and the actual machine learning algorithm used to fit the model parameters.We here therefore evaluate the performance of seven machine learning algorithms on 36 distinct metabolomics data sets, using two distinct feature sets. Interestingly, the results show that no single learning algorithm performs optimally for all data sets, with different algorithm types achieving top performance for different types of analytes or different protocols. Our results can thus be used to find an optimal retention time prediction algorithm for specific analytes or protocols. Importantly, however, our results also show that blending different types of models together decreases the error on outliers, indicating that the combination of several approaches holds substantial promise for the development of more generic, high-performing algorithms.
Loss of SDHB reprograms energy metabolisms and inhibits high fat diet induced metabolic syndromes
Authors: Mu Chenglong , Ma Biao , Zhang Chuanmei , Geng Guangfeng , Zhang Xinling , Chen Linbo , Wang Meng , Li Jie , Zhao Tian , Cheng Hongcheng , Zhang Qianping , Ma Kaili , Luo Qian , Chang Rui , Liu Qiangqiang , Wu Hao , Liu Lei , Wang Xiaohui , Wang Jun , Zhang Yong , Zhao Yungang , Wen Li , Chen Quan , Zhu Yushan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMitochondrial respiratory complex II utilizes succinate, key substrate of the Krebs cycle, for oxidative phosphorylation, which is essential for glucose metabolism. Mutations of complex II cause cancers and mitochondrial diseases, raising a critical question of the (patho-)physiological functions. To address the fundamental role of complex II in systemic energy metabolism, we specifically knockout SDHB in mice liver, a key complex II subunit that tethers the catalytic SDHA subunit and transfers the electrons to ubiquinone, and found that SHDB deficiency abolishes the assembly of complex II without affecting other respiration complexes while largely retaining SDHA stability. SHDB ablation reprograms energy metabolism and hyperactivates the glycolysis, Krebs cycle and β-oxidation pathways, leading to catastrophic energy deficit and early death. Strikingly, sucrose supplementation or high fat diet resumes both glucose and lipid metabolism and prevent early death. Also, SDHB deficient mice are completely resistant to high fat diet induced obesity. Our findings reveal that the unanticipated role of complex II orchestrating both lipid and glucose metabolisms, and suggest that SDHB is an ideal therapeutic target for combating obesity.
CLIC4 is regulated by RhoA-mDia2 signaling through Profilin-1 binding to modulate filopodium length
Authors: Argenzio Elisabetta , Kedziora Katarzyna M. , Nahidiazar Leila , Isogai Tadamoto , Perrakis Anastassis , Jalink Kees , Moolenaar Wouter H. , Innocenti Metello 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCLIC4 is a cytosolic protein implicated in diverse actin-based processes, including integrin trafficking, cell adhesion and tubulogenesis. CLIC4 is rapidly recruited to the plasma membrane by G12/13-coupled receptor agonists and then partly co-localizes with β1 integrins. Receptor-mediated CLIC4 translocation depends on actin polymerization, but the mechanism and functional significance of CLIC4 trafficking are unknown. Here we show that RhoA activation by either LPA or EGF is necessary and sufficient for CLIC4 translocation, with a regulatory role for the RhoA effector mDia2, an inducer of actin polymerization. We find that CLIC4 directly interacts with the G-actin-binding protein Profilin-1 via conserved residues that are required for CLIC4 trafficking and lie in a concave surface. Consistently, silencing of Profilin-1 impaired CLIC4 trafficking induced by either LPA or EGF. CLIC4 knockdown promoted the formation of long integrin-dependent filopodia, a phenotype rescued by wild-type CLIC4 but not by trafficking-incompetent CLIC4(C35A). Our results establish CLIC4 as a Profilin-1-binding protein and suggest that CLIC4 translocation provides a feedback mechanism to modulate mDia2/Profilin-1-driven cortical actin assembly and membrane protrusion.
Apolipoprotein L1 Dynamics in Human Parietal Epithelial Cell Molecular Phenotype Kinetics
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Vashistha Himanshu , Lan Xiqian , Chandel Nirupama , Ayasolla Kamesh , Shoshtari Shadafarin Marashi , Aslam Rukhsana , Paliwal Nitpriya , Abbruscato Frank , Mikulak Joanna , Popik Waldemar , Malhotra Ashwani , Meyer-Schwesinger Catherine , Skorecki Karl , Singhal Pravin C 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHuman Parietal Epithelial cells (PECs) are considered as a source of progenitor cells to sustain podocyte (PD) homeostasis. We hypothesized that the absence of apolipoprotein (APO) L1 favors the PEC phenotype and that induction of APOL1 transitions to PD renewal. During PECs’ transition, APOL1 expression coincided with the expression of PD markers (PEC transition) along with down regulation of miR193a. The induction of APOL1 down regulated miR193a and induced PD markers in PECs/HEKs; whereas, the APOL1-silencing in transited (Tr)-PECs/HepG2s up regulated miR193a expression suggesting a reciprocally linked feedback loop relationship between APOL1 and miR193a. HIV, IFN-y, and vitamin D receptor agonist (VDA) induced APOL1 expression and PEC transition markers but down regulated miR193a in PECs/HEKs. Glomeruli in HIV patients and HIV: APOL1 transgenic mice displayed foci of PECs expressing synaptopodin, a PEC transition marker. Since APOL1 silencing in PECs partially attenuated HIV-, VDA-, and IFN-y-induced PECs transition, this would suggest that APOL1 is an important functional constituent of APOL1-miR193a axis.
Imposing a curfew on the use of screen electronic devices improves sleep and daytime vigilance in adolescents
Authors: Perrault Aurore A. , Bayer Laurence , Peuvrier Matthias , Afyouni Alia , Ghisletta Paolo , Brockmann Celine , Spiridon Mona , Vesely Sophie Hulo , Perrig Stephen , Schwartz Sophie , Sterpenich Virginie 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThe use of screen electronic devices (SED) in the evening negatively affects sleep. Yet, sleep is known to be essential for brain maturation and a key factor for good academic performance, and thus is particularly critical during childhood and adolescence. While previous studies reported correlations between SED use and sleep impairments, the causal relationship between SED use and sleep in adolescents remains unclear. Using actigraphy and daily questionnaires in a large sample of students (12 to 19 years old), we assessed SED use and sleep habits over one month, including a two-week baseline phase and a two-week interventional phase, where participants were asked to stop screen use after 9 pm during pre-school nights. During the interventional phase, we found that reduction in time spent on SED after 9 pm correlated with earlier sleep onset time and increased total sleep duration. The latter led to improved daytime vigilance. We also observed that the beneficial impact of the intervention on sleep was influenced by catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) Val158Met polymorphism, which is implicated in the dopaminergic modulation of human behaviors, including wake and sleep regulation. These findings provide evidence that restricting SED use in the evening represents a valid and promising approach for improving sleep duration in adolescents, with potential implications for daytime functioning and health.STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCEWith the emergence of smartphones and other connected devices, adolescents spend a lot of time on screen electronic devices (SED), especially during the evening. We report that time spent on SED after 9 pm negatively correlates with sleep onset time, sleep duration as well as mood, body weight, and academic performance. Such observable correlations urge for educational strategies to address the chronic lack of sleep observed in today’s adolescent populations. Here we also show that limiting the use of SED after 9 pm improves sleep duration and daytime vigilance in most adolescents. This simple education recommendation pertaining to sleep hygiene can be implemented by every household, yielding direct positive effects on sleep, and presumed benefits for health and daytime functioning.