bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in health literacy among family caregiver communication types
Authors: Wittenberg Elaine , Goldsmith Joy V. , Kerr Anna M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivePreviously, four caregiver types have been identified as a result of communication patterns between patient and caregiver, revealing unique caregiver information needs and preferences. The purpose of this study was to explore variation in health literacy among the four family caregiver communication types: manager, partner, carrier, and lone caregivers.MethodsThe sample consisted of 115 cancer caregivers. Participants completed the Family Caregiver Communication Tool and the Health Literacy of Caregivers Scale‐Cancer.ResultsA significant difference in health literacy domains was found between caregiver types for cancer‐related communication with the care recipient (P = .038) and understanding of the health care system (P = .003). Of the health literacy domains, mean scores were highest on understanding the health care system for both lone and carrier caregivers. Manager and partner caregivers were highest on the social support domain. The self‐care domain was lowest for the carrier, lone, and manager caregivers.ConclusionsThere was a variation across health literacy domains among caregiver communication types, further validating the Family Caregiver Communication Typology. Findings showed a need for educational programs for cancer caregivers to strengthen their health literacy skills. As cancer caregivers have a prominent role in the delivery and quality of cancer care, it is pivotal for health care centers to provide caregiver communication training and support.
Time‐Dependent Measurement of Nrf2‐Regulated Antioxidant Response to Ionizing Radiation Toward Identifying Potential Protein Biomarkers for Acute Radiation Injury
Authors: Liu Kate , Singer Elizabeth , Cohn Whitaker , Micewicz Ewa D. , McBride William H. , Whitelegge Julian P. , Loo Joseph A. 
Published: August 2019

PurposePotential acute exposure to ionizing radiation in nuclear or radiological accidents presents complex mass casualty scenarios that demand prompt triage and treatment decisions. Due to delayed symptoms and varied response of radiation victims, there is an urgent need to develop robust biomarkers to assess the extent of injuries in individuals.Experimental designThe transcription factor Nrf2 is the master of redox homeostasis and there is transcriptional evidence of Nrf2‐dependent antioxidant response activation upon radiation. The biomarker potential of Nrf2‐dependent downstream target enzymes is investigated by measuring their response in bone marrow extracted from C57Bl/6 and C3H mice of both genders for up to 4 days following 6 Gy total body irradiation using targeted MS.ResultsOverall, C57Bl/6 mice have a stronger proteomic response than C3H mice. In both strains, male mice have more occurrences of upregulation in antioxidant enzymes than female mice. For C57Bl/6 male mice, three proteins show elevated abundances after radiation exposure: catalase, superoxide dismutase 1, and heme oxygenase 1. Across both strains and genders, glutathione S‐transferase Mu 1 is consistently decreased.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study provides the basis for future development of organ‐specific protein biomarkers used in diagnostic blood test for radiation injury.
Proteomic Investigations of In Vitro and In Vivo Models of Periodontal Disease
Authors: Binti Badlishah Sham Nurul Iman , Lewin Sean D. , Grant Melissa M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProteomics has currently been a developing field in periodontal diseases to obtain protein information of certain samples. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disorder that attacks the teeth, connective tissues, and alveolar bone within the oral cavity. Proteomics information can provide proteins that are differentially expressed in diseased or healthy samples. This review provides insight into approaches researching single species, multi species, bacteria, non‐human, and human models of periodontal disease for proteomics information. The approaches that have been taken include gel electrophoresis and qualitative and quantitative mass spectrometry. This review is carried out by extracting information about in vitro and in vivo studies of proteomics in models of periodontal diseases that have been carried out in the past two decades. The research has concentrated on a relatively small but well‐known group of microorganisms. A wide range of models has been reviewed and conclusions across the breadth of these studies are presented in this review.
Species‐Specific Quantitative Proteomics Profiles of Sarcoma Patient‐Derived Models Closely Reflect Their Primary Tumors
Authors: Shiozawa Kumiko , Oyama Rieko , Takahashi Mami , Kito Fusako , Hattori Emi , Yoshida Akihiko , Kawai Akira , Ono Masaya , Kondo Tadashi 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose is to examine whether patient‐derived sarcoma models recapitulate the spectrum of sarcoma heterogeneity seen in patients.Experimental designTo characterize patient‐derived models for functional studies, proteomic comparisons with originating sarcomas representative of three intrinsic subtypes by MS are performed.ResultsHuman protein profiling is found to be retained with high fidelity in patient‐derived models. The protein profiles of patient sarcoma tumors and mouse stroma are characterized by species‐specific quantitative proteomics. Protein‐expression levels in mouse stroma are affected by the primary human tumor. The levels of stromal proteins derived from tumors are lower in PDXs and cell lines, and some human stromal proteins are replaced by the corresponding mouse proteins in PDXs.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThese findings suggest that the effects of the microenvironment on drug responses may not reflect those in the primary tumor. This cross‐species proteomic analysis in PDXs can potentially improve preclinical evaluation of treatment modalities and enhance the ability to predict clinical trial responses.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Composite Solid Propellant by Genetic Engineering of Materials: Part A.
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhou Xing , Bao Tong , Deng Lei , Gao Dong‐lei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe uniaxial tensile constitutive models of a crosslinked polymer and plasticizer were established based on the characteristics of the network and plasticization by genetic engineering of materials. The key factors affecting the mechanical properties of the polymer matrix were chosen as the genomes of materials. The constitutive model for the crosslinked polymer network with no plasticizer was related to the molecular characteristics of the ingredients, such as the flexibility of the binder prepolymer, functionalities of the ingredients, as well as the curing parameters. On the basis of the constitutive relation of the crosslinked polymer, the constitutive model for the crosslinked polymer and plasticizer was also related to the volumetric fraction of the plasticizer and the interaction of the binder prepolymer and plasticizer molecules. Within the range of viscoelastic deformation in the tensile test, the viscoelastic characteristics of the network were considered in the model. Numeric results showed that the predicted and experimentally measured stress‐strain curves were consistent under uniaxial tensile loading, indicating that the model satisfactorily predicted the stress and strain response.
Design, synthesis and antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri and Ralstonia solanacearum of novel myricetin derivatives containing sulfonamide moiety
Authors: Jiang Shichun , Tang Xu , Chen Mei , He Jun , Su Shijun , Liu Liwei , He Ming , Xue Wei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMyricetin and sulfonamide derivatives exhibited a wide variety of biological activity. In order to develop highly bioactive molecules, novel myricetin derivatives containing sulfonamide moiety were synthesized and antibacterial activities were investigated.RESULTSThe results of bioassays indicated that compound A12, having an EC50 value of 4.7 μg mL−1, exhibited the best in vitro antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (X. oryzae pv. o.); EC50 values for this compound were even better than those of thiodiazole‐copper (TC, 71.4 μg mL−1) and bismerthiazol (BT, 54.7 μg mL−1). Compound A2, having an EC50 value of 1.1 μg mL−1, exhibited the best in vitro antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (X. axonopodis pv. c); values were notably better than those of TC (60.0 μg mL−1) and BT (48.9 μg mL−1). Scanning electron microscopy analysis indicated that compounds A2 and A12 caused the cell membranes of X. axonopodis pv. c and X. oryzae pv. o. to break or deform, respectively. When the concentration of compound A12 was 100 μg mL−1, the effective curative activity against bacterial leaf blight of rice was 44.2% in vivo and the effective protection activity was 58.2% in vivo, results that were both better than values for TC (18.9 and 21.4%, respectively) and BT (12.5 and 12.5%, respectively).CONCLUSIONNovel myricetin derivatives containing a sulfonamide moiety were synthesized and bioassay results showed that compounds A2 and A12 exhibited the best antibacterial activities. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Prospects, challenges and current status of RNAi through insect feeding
Authors: Kunte Nitish , McGraw Erin , Bell Sydney , Held David , Avila Luz‐Adriana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRNA interference is a phenomenon in which the introduction of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) into cells triggers the degradation of the complementary messenger RNA in a sequence‐specific manner. Suppressing expression of vital genes could lead to insect death, therefore this technology has been considered as a potential strategy for insect pest control. There are three main routes of dsRNA administration into insects: (i) injections to the hemolymph, (ii) topical, and (iii) feeding. In this review, we focus on dsRNA administration through feeding. We summarize novel strategies that have been developed to improve the efficacy of this method, such as the use of nano‐based formulations, engineered microorganisms, and transgenic plants. We also expose the hurdles that have to be overcome in order to use this technique as a reliable pest management method. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
The nocturnal boundary layer transition from weakly to very stable. Part I: Observations
Authors: Acevedo Otávio C. , Maroneze Rafael , Costa Felipe D. , Puhales Franciano S. , Degrazia Gervásio A. , Nogueira Martins Luis G. , Soares de Oliveira Pablo E. , Mortarini Luca 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe nocturnal boundary‐layer regime transition from weakly stable (strong wind) to very stable (weak wind) is analyzed using 10 levels of turbulence observations made at a 140 m micrometeorological mast near the southeastern Brazilian coast. The combination of synoptic and local flow favors the systematic occurrence of such a transition, typically 5 to 7 h after sunset. The regime transition is marked by decreases in temperature, wind speed, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and absolute heat flux. The decrease in temperature is often abrupt and the inflection point in the temperature series marks the regime transition. Absolute heat flux peaks before the transition during the weakly stable period, while temperature variance peaks near the transition. Composites from 36 cases when the cooling rate exceeded 2 °C/h are used to describe the vertical structure of the stable boundary layer (SBL) in both regimes. For these abrupt transitions, dimensionless variables that relate thermal and mechanical properties of the flow are compared as indicators of the SBL regime, and the gradient Richardson number is found to be better for that purpose. The absolute heat flux is shown to be proportional to the cube of the wind speed only in the strong wind limit of the very stable regime. Simulations of similar transitions using a second‐order model are described in Part II.
Styrene radical cations for chemical ionization mass spectrometry analyses of monoterpene hydrocarbons
Authors: Spesyvyi Anatolii , Španěl Patrik , Sovová Kristýna 
Published: August 2019

RationaleMonoterpene hydrocarbons play an important role in the formation of secondary aerosol particles and in atmospheric chemistry. Thus, there is a demand to measure their individual concentrations in situ in real time. Currently, only the total concentration of monoterpenes C10H16 can be determined by chemical ionization mass spectrometry techniques using reagent ions H3O+, NO+ and (C6H6)n+• without gas chromatographic separation.MethodsThe styrene cation C8H8+• was investigated as a reagent for chemical ionization of monoterpenes. The modified selected ion flow drift tube, SIFDT, technique was used to characterize the differences in product ion distributions between α‐phellandrene, α‐pinene, γ‐terpinene, β‐pinene, ocimene, sabinene, 3‐carene, (R)‐limonene, camphene and myrcene.ResultsThe monoterpene molecular cation C10H16+• is the main product (about 90%) for all isomers except (R)‐limonene and camphene with an efficient channel of C8H8+•C10H16 adduct formation and γ‐terpinene with unexpectedly significant product ions at m/z 134 and 135 corresponding to losses of H2 and H.ConclusionsUtilization of the styrene cation for the ionization of monoterpenes is beneficial due to the very low fragmentation of the product ions. Specific association product ions for camphene and (R)‐limonene and fragment product ions for γ‐terpinene allow them to be distinguished from other isomers that produce mostly the molecular cation.
Ecofriendly Determinations of Pseudoephedrine HCl and Triprolidine HCl in Their Tablet Form: Evaluation of Dissolution Profile.
Authors: Bassuoni Yasmine F. , Essam Hebatallah M. , Elzanfaly Eman S. , Zaazaa Hala E. , Kelani Khadiga O. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDerivative ratio method was applied to determine PSE in the range of 5–1000 μg/mL by using 10 μg/mL TRI as a divisor, where the interference of TRI was cancelled at 265.90 nm. Second derivative method was applied to determine TRI in the range of 0.25–50 μg/mL, by selecting a zero crossing point at 304.80 nm. For the HPLC method, different experimental parameters were investigated and optimized to allow complete baseline separation and well resolved peaks. The analytes were partitioned between C18 column (25 cm×4 mm) and phosphate buffer (pH 4.6): acetonitrile (60: 40, v/v) as a mobile phase with flow rate of 1 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. The HPLC method was valid in the range of 5–600 μg/mL for PSE and 0.2–50 μg/mL for TRI. The methods were validated in compliance with ICH guidelines, where acceptable results were obtained indicating the suggested methods validity.
A Comparison of Drug Delivery Systems of Zr‐Based MOFs and Halloysite Nanotubes: Evaluation of β‐Estradiol Encapsulation
Authors: Luo Ting , Liu Hao , Liang Yong , Tang Jun , Zhou Jinrong , Liang Wenjie , Cai Jianfeng , Xu Hai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe low cytotoxic Zr‐based MOF PCN‐221, which exhibited the ability to entrap β‐estradiol model drug, was studied as a drug delivery system. As a comparison, another drug carrier, halloysite nanotubes, was also investigated. Both PCN‐221 and halloysite nanotubes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). β‐estradiol was loaded mainly on skeleton and partially on the external surface of PCN‐221. We show that controlled release of β‐estradiol from PCN‐221 was observed over more than 31 days, compared with the 20 days release period from halloysite nanotubes, indicating PCN‐221 are a superior carriers of β‐estradiol.
High‐Capacity Spherical LiNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03O2 Cathode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Bai Guoliang , Wang Chunhua , Luo Jiaojiao , Xia Hongyu , Luo Qibo , Wang Junwei , Cheng Di 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA novel high‐capacity‐spherical LiNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03O2 (NCA) cathode material is prepared by two‐step method. Firstly, the co‐precipitation method is used to prepare Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03(OH)2 precursors. Then, the sol‐gel method is applied to mix the Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03(OH)2 precursors and Li2CO3 so that Li can get in touch with Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03(OH)2 precursors evenly. Compared to the conventional Ni‐rich cathode materials, the NCA cathode material exhibits improved reversible capacity, capacity retention, rate performance and better thermal stability. But beyond that, improving the thermal stability of the NCA cathode material at 4.5 V is also very important. Even more remarkably, the NCA cathode material exhibits an excellent rate capacity of about 175 mAh g−1 at 5 C with a cut‐off potential range between 2.8 and 4.5 V, corresponding to around 670 Wh kg−1 at 25 °C. It also provides significantly improved thermal stability at the high temperature of 60 °C, with a discharge capacity of 125.1 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles with capacity retention of 56.3%. Therefore, the NCA cathode material is one of the best classes of cathode materials that could satisfy the demands of future electric vehicles.
A Powerful Turn‐On Fluorescent Probe for Phosgene: A Primary Amide Strategically Attached to an Anthracene Fluorophore
Authors: Gangopadhyay Ankita , Ali Syed Samim , Mahapatra Ajit Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe report here the application of a robust, selective primary amide moiety appended to a fluorescence signalling entity‐ anthracene, the sensing platform, 9‐AM with a view to fluorescent chemosensing of hazardous phosgene gas. The impressively fast (reaction time<1.5 min) detection of phosgene was achieved through the dehydration of the primary amide functionality to a nitrile group. A low detection limit of 5.56 nm ensures applicability of the probe for sensing of minute levels of phosgene well below prescribed safe limits. In addition, TLC sticks impregnated with the probe function as efficient gas phase phosgene sensors with real‐time applicability.
Design of Phthalocyanine‐Nanoparticle Hybrids for Photodynamic Therapy Applications in Oxygen‐Deficient Tumour Environment
Authors: Nwahara Nnamdi , Managa Muthumuni , Prinsloo Earl , Nyokong Tebello 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe results show that coupling MnO2 with either AuNPs or AuNPs to phthalocyanines results in composites that significantly enhance the photodynamic therapy activity towards hypoxic MCF‐7 cancer cells. The preliminary findings from this study highlight the potential of phthalocyanines nanocomposites in reversing hypoxia‐triggered PDT resistance, and therefore, contribute to the design of hypoxia‐responsive tumour therapy systems.
Metal‐Free Based Domino Approach to Pyrano‐Fused‐Pyrido[3,2,1‐jk]carbazolones: Antibacterial and Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Ahuja Monika , Majee Debashis , Sharma Pratibha , Kumar Ashok , Mobin Shaikh M. , Samanta Sampak 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA facile, metal‐free based one‐pot annulation reaction of several Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman acetates of MVK/acrylate with 4‐hydroxy‐6H‐pyrido[3,2,1‐jk]carbazol‐6‐one as C/O‐1,3‐binucleophile promoted by DABCO as an organobase in 2‐MeTHF at room temperature is reported. This environmentally benign method delivers a family of pyrano‐fused pyridocarbazolones in high yields with medium to good diastereoselectivities under mild conditions. Antibacterial studies showed that attaching carboxylate group on pyran ring of pyrano‐fused pyridocarbazolones has shown better activities (MIC up to ≥6.25 μg/mL) as compared to acetyl one. Interestingly, incorporation of several substituents namely CF3, NO2, MeO, F, Cl and Br on the aryl rings of pyridocarbazolones carboxylates sharply enhanced the antibacterial activities which make them more potent or equipotent than commercial antibiotic ofloxacin. Furthermore, in silico docking studies indicated that MolDock scores of trans‐isomers with E. coli protein are in general higher than cis‐isomers which are in good agreement with their observed in vitro antibacterial activities.
A Predictable Catalyst Model for Highly Active and Selective Catalysis of Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes: Comprehension of Various Precious Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Hu Ze‐Nan , Ai Yongjian , Liu Lei , Chen Yixin , Song Xiang , Li Jifan , Yu Jiaheng , Tian Haimeng , Guo Rongxiu , Sun Hong‐bin , Hu Jianshe , Liang Qionglin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractVarious precious metal catalysts have been commonly used in catalytic reactions, but the differences and likeness between their catalytic performances are rarely systematically studied. Therefore, we have prepared the Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Au, and Ag/Fe3O4 catalysts, and the similarities and differences of various catalysts are analyzed by XRD, FT‐IR, TEM, HR‐TEM, XPS, BET, and VSM characterizations. Besides that platinum is the best catalyst component, the Pd and Rh/Fe3O4 catalysts also exhibit excellent catalytic activity and chemoselectivity, but the Ru, Au, Ag‐containing catalysts show poor catalytic performance for hydrogenation of 4‐nitrophenol. According to the kinetic study, we have demonstrated that the reaction orders for Pd, Pt, and Rh are 0.8, 0.8, and 1.5, respectively. This result reveals that the activity of Pd, Pt, and Rh‐containing catalysts can be precisely predicted. Moreover, our catalytic system is fascinating with many advantages such as environmental friendliness, mild reaction conditions, and the magnetic separability.
Zwitterionic Surfactant as a Promising Non‐Cytotoxic Carrier for Nanoemulsion‐Based Vaccine Development
Authors: Bhattacharjee Somnath , Chen Jesse , Landers Jeffrey , Baker James R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMotivated by the lack of noncytotoxic carriers in the current vaccine, we pursued the possibility of using a zwitterionic surfactant as a carrier to improve their delivery efficiency with antigen for a nanoemulsion‐based vaccine. We identified that a nanoemulsion formulation that consists of a specific zwitterionic surfactant can effectively mediate cellular uptake of antigen despite not having cytotoxicity as compared to a nanoemulsion that consists of a cationic surfactant. We report here the first study of a zwitterionic surfactant that consists of a positive charge in the outer layer of the polar head group and a hydrophobic tail is a promising approach for enhancing the carrier's efficacy with no noticeable toxicity under experimental condition. However, zwitterionic surfactant that has positive charge in the outer layer with additional hydrophobicity due to the presence of aromatic ring had minimal cellular uptake and transfection efficacy.