bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive processes of high intelligence student with autism spectrum disorder in understanding mathematical problems
Authors: Fauziyah N , Budayasa I K , Juniati D , Lant C L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to describe the cognition processes of an ASD student with a high intelligence quotient (IQ) in understanding mathematical problems. The processes of cognition being studied are the process of receiving, storing, recalling and processing information. The subject of this research is a high IQ autism spectrum disorder (ASD) student. Data was gathered from task-based interviews. The results of this research indicate that in the process of receiving information, the ASD characteristics of the subject were still very visible, such as reading with a flat expression, interspersed laughing and smiling to themselves, repeating certain words and muttering speaking an unclear sentence. In the process of storing and recalling information, the subject: (1) stored and recalled information in the problem in three visual representation forms: images, verbal language and arithmetic symbols, (2) stored and recalled important information, and (3) recalled information that has been stored in his long-term memory by linking it to the concepts in the problems. In processing information, the subject: (1) mentioned the information and the question in the problems, (3) understood the meaning of the symbol in the problems, (4) understood the adequacy of the information in the problems, and (5) was able to reduce the information in the problems.
A Bayesian approach on multicollinearity problem with an Informative Prior
Authors: Jaya I G N M , Tantular B , Andriyana Y 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMulticollinearity is a severe problem in multiple regression. High collinearity in some explanatory variables leads to the high standard error estimates. It becomes a problem for the hypothesis test on the slope of regression. The ridge regression is the most popular method used to minimize the standard error estimates. However, the hypothesis testing in regression model has been not solved yet. It does not provide the statistical hypothesis test. Therefore, the alternative method is needed. The method must be able to obtain the parameter estimates with a high level of precision and also facilitates the hypothesis test of regression parameters simultaneously. We proposed the Bayesian method with an informative prior as an alternative solution. The Monte Carlo simulation concludes the Bayesian method outperformed to ridge regression in term of Bias, Mean Square Error and power of the test. Based on the simulation result, the Bayesian method can be used to solve hypothesis testing in regression analysis with multicollinearity problem effectively.
A panel data analysis of tourism and economic development in Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Yunitaningtyas K , Yolanda A M , Indahwati  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Southeast Asia is a strategic region in tourism because of its natural and cultural richness. Thus, tourism ministers of ASEAN countries agreed to launch a joint ten-year plan to make Southeast Asia as one destination package for international tourists. The aim of this plan is to increase the share of tourism to the regional economy by 15 percent in 2025. This paper estimates the relationship between tourism and economic development in ten Southeast Asian countries of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam using regression analysis of panel data. It tests the effect of tourism factors such as visitor exports, internal travel and tourism consumption, business tourism spending and capital investment in tourism industry on gross domestic product from 2014 to 2016. The best model obtained is fixed effect model and the tourism aspects that have positive significant impact on gross domestic product improvement in Southeast Asian countries are internal travel and tourism consumption also capital investment in tourism industry. Furthermore, the factors that effect gross domestic product negatively are visitor exports and business tourism spending.
Assessing the Role of Selection Bias in the Protective Relationship Between Caregiving and Mortality
Authors: Smith Meghan L , Heeren Timothy C , Ranker Lynsie R , Fredman Lisa 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Caregivers have lower mortality rates than noncaregivers in population-based studies, which contradicts the caregiver-stress model and raises speculation about selection bias influencing these findings. We examined possible selection bias due to 1) sampling decisions and 2) selective participation among women (baseline mean age = 79 years) in the Caregiver-Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (Caregiver-SOF) (1999–2009), an ancillary study to the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF). Caregiver-SOF includes 1,069 SOF participants (35% caregivers) from 4 US geographical areas (Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; the Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania; and Portland, Oregon). Participants were identified by screening all SOF participants for caregiver status (1997–1999; n = 4,036; 23% caregivers) and rescreening a subset of caregivers and noncaregivers matched on sociodemographic factors 1–2 years later. Adjusted hazard ratios related caregiving to 10-year mortality in all women initially screened, subsamples representing key points in constructing Caregiver-SOF, and Caregiver-SOF. Caregivers had better functioning than noncaregivers at each screening. The association between caregiving and mortality among women invited to participate in Caregiver-SOF (41% died; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61, 0.88) was slightly more protective than that in all initially screened women (37% died; aHR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.95), indicating little evidence of selection bias due to sampling decisions, and was similar to that in Caregiver-SOF (39% died; aHR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.89), indicating no participation bias. These results add to a body of evidence that informal caregiving may impart health benefits.
Biological Treatment and the Potential Risk of Adverse Postoperative Outcome in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Open-Source Expert Panel Review of the Current Literature and Future Perspectives
Authors:   Open Source Research Collaborating Group (#OpenSourceResearch), El-Hussuna Alaa , Myrelid Pär , Holubar Stefan D , Kotze Paulo G , Mackenzie Graham , Pellino Gianluca , Winter Des , Davies Justin , Negoi Ionut , Grewal Perbinder , Gallo Gaetano , Sahnan Kapil , Rubio-Perez Ines , Clerc Daniel , Demartines Nicolas , Glasbey James , Regueiro Miguel , Sherif Ahmed E , Neary Peter , Pata Francesco , Silverberg Mark , Clermont Stefan , Chadi Sami A , Emile Sameh , Buchs Nicolas , Millan Monica , Minaya-Bravo Ana , Elfeki Hossam , De Simone Veronica , Shalaby Mostafa , Gutierrez Celestino , Ozen Cihan , Yalçınkaya Ali , Rivadeneira David , Sturiale Alssandro , Yassin Nuha , Spinelli Antonino , Warusavitarne Jay , Ioannidis Argyrios , Wexner Steven , Mayol Julio 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is widespread concern that treatment with biologic agents may be associated with suboptimal postoperative outcome after surgery for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD).AimWe aimed to search and analyze the literature regarding the potential association of biologic treatment on adverse postoperative outcome in patients with IBD. We used the subject as a case in point for surgical research. The aim was not to conduct a new systematic review.MethodThis is an updated narrative review written in a collaborative method by authors invited through Twitter via the following hashtags (#OpenSourceResearch and #SoMe4Surgery). The manuscript was presented as slides on Twitter to allow discussion of each section of the paper sequentially. A Google document was created, which was shared across social media, and comments and edits were verified by the primary author to ensure accuracy and consistency.ResultsForty-one collaborators responded to the invitation, and a total of 106 studies were identified that investigated the potential association of preoperative biological treatment on postoperative outcome in patients with IBD. Most of these studies were retrospective observational cohorts: 3 were prospective, 4 experimental, and 3 population-based studies. These studies were previously analyzed in 10 systematic/narrative reviews and 14 meta-analyses. Type of biologic agents, dose, drug concentration, antidrug antibodies, interval between last dose, and types of surgery varied widely among the studies. Adjustment for confounders and bias control ranged from good to very poor. Only 10 studies reported postoperative outcome according to Clavien–Dindo classification.ConclusionAlthough a large number of studies investigated the potential effect of biological treatment on postoperative outcomes, many reported divergent results. There is a need for randomized controlled trials. Future studies should focus on the avoiding the weakness of prior studies we identified. Seeking collaborators and sharing information via Twitter was integral to widening the contributors/authors and peer review for this article and was an effective method of collaboration.
Personality traits covary with individual differences in inhibitory abilities in 2 species of fish
Authors: Lucon-Xiccato Tyrone , Montalbano Giulia , Bertolucci Cristiano 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In a number of animal species, individuals differ in their ability to solve cognitive tasks. However, the mechanisms underlying this variability remain unclear. It has been proposed that individual differences in cognition may be related to individual differences in behavior (i.e., personality); a hypothesis that has received mixed support. In this study, we investigated whether personality correlates with the cognitive ability that allows inhibiting behavior in 2 teleost fish species, the zebrafish Danio rerio and the guppy Poecilia reticulata. In both species, individuals that were bolder in a standard personality assay, the open-field test, showed greater inhibitory abilities in the tube task, which required them to inhibit foraging behavior toward live prey sealed into a transparent tube. This finding reveals a relationship between boldness and inhibitory abilities in fish and lends support to the hypothesis of a link between personality and cognition. Moreover, this study suggests that species separated by a relatively large phylogenetic distance may show the same link between personality and cognition, when tested on the same tasks.
Lipid management in rheumatoid arthritis: a position paper of the Working Group on Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy of the European Society of Cardiology
Authors: Hollan Ivana , Ronda Nicoletta , Dessein Patrick , Agewall Stefan , Karpouzas George , Tamargo Juan , Niessner Alexander , Savarese Gianluigi , Rosano Giuseppe , Kaski Juan Carlos , Wassmann Sven , Meroni Pier Luigi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity, partly due to alterations in lipoprotein quantity, quality and cell cholesterol trafficking. Although cardiovascular disease significantly contributes to mortality excess in RA, cardiovascular prevention has been largely insufficient. Because of limited evidence, optimal strategies for lipid management (LM) in RA have not been determined yet, and recommendations are largely based on expert opinions. In this position paper, we describe abnormalities in lipid metabolism and introduce a new algorithm for estimation of cardiovascular risk (CVR) and LM in RA. The algorithm stratifies patients according to RA-related factors impacting CVR (such as RA activity and severity and medication). We propose strategies for monitoring of lipid parameters and treatment of dyslipidaemia in RA (including lifestyle, statins and other lipid-modifying therapies, and disease modifying antirheumatic drugs). These opinion-based recommendations are meant to facilitate LM in RA until more evidence is available.
Modeling the Determinants of Mechanical Advantage During Jumping: Consequences for Spring- and Muscle-Driven Movement
Authors: Olberding Jeffrey P , Deban Stephen M , Rosario Michael V , Azizi Emanuel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSystems powered by elastic recoil need a latch to prevent motion while a spring is loaded but allow motion during spring recoil. Some jumping animals that rely on elastic recoil use the increasing mechanical advantage of limb extensor muscles to accomplish latching. We examined the ways in which limb morphology affects latching and the resulting performance of an elastic-recoil mechanism. Additionally, because increasing mechanical advantage is a consequence of limb extension that may be found in many systems, we examined the mechanical consequences for muscle in the absence of elastic elements. By simulating muscle contractions against a simplified model of an extending limb, we found that increasing mechanical advantage can limit the work done by muscle by accelerating muscle shortening during limb extension. The inclusion of a series elastic element dramatically improves mechanical output by allowing for additional muscle work that is stored and released from the spring. This suggests that elastic recoil may be beneficial for more animals than expected when assuming peak isotonic power output from muscle during jumping. The mechanical output of elastic recoil depends on limb morphology; long limbs moving small loads maximize total work, but it is done at a low power, whereas shorter limbs moving larger loads do less work at a higher power. This work-power trade-off of limb morphology is true with or without an elastic element. Systems with relatively short limbs may have performance that is robust to variable conditions such as body mass or muscle activation, while long-limbed systems risk complete failure with relatively minor perturbations. Finally, a changing mechanical advantage latch allows for muscle work to be done simultaneously with spring recoil, changing the predictions for spring mechanical properties. Overall, the design constraints revealed by considering the mechanics of this particular latch will inform our understanding of the evolution of elastic-recoil mechanisms and our attempts to engineer similar systems.
Why do Large Animals Never Actuate Their Jumps with Latch-Mediated Springs? Because They can Jump Higher Without Them
Authors: Sutton Gregory P , Mendoza Elizabeth , Azizi Emanuel , Longo Sarah J , Olberding Jeffrey P , Ilton Mark , Patek Sheila N 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs animals get smaller, their ability to generate usable work from muscle contraction is decreased by the muscle’s force–velocity properties, thereby reducing their effective jump height. Very small animals use a spring-actuated system, which prevents velocity effects from reducing available energy. Since force–velocity properties reduce the usable work in even larger animals, why don’t larger animals use spring-actuated jumping systems as well? We will show that muscle length–tension properties limit spring-actuated systems to generating a maximum one-third of the possible work that a muscle could produce—greatly restricting the jumping height of spring-actuated jumpers. Thus a spring-actuated jumping animal has a jumping height that is one-third of the maximum possible jump height achievable were 100% of the possible muscle work available. Larger animals, which could theoretically use all of the available muscle energy, have a maximum jumping height that asymptotically approaches a value that is about three times higher than that of spring-actuated jumpers. Furthermore, a size related “crossover point” is evident for these two jumping mechanisms: animals smaller than this point can jump higher with a spring-actuated mechanism, while animals larger than this point can jump higher with a muscle-actuated mechanism. We demonstrate how this limit on energy storage is a consequence of the interaction between length–tension properties of muscles and spring stiffness. We indicate where this crossover point occurs based on modeling and then use jumping data from the literature to validate that larger jumping animals generate greater jump heights with muscle-actuated systems than spring-actuated systems.
MHO_0730 as a Surface-Exposed Calcium-Dependent Nuclease of Mycoplasma hominis Promoting Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation and Escape
Authors: Cacciotto Carla , Dessì Daniele , Cubeddu Tiziana , Cocco Anna Rita , Pisano Andrea , Tore Gessica , Fiori Pier Luigi , Rappelli Paola , Pittau Marco , Alberti Alberto 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMycoplasma lipoproteins play a relevant role in pathogenicity and directly interact with the host immune system. Among human mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma hominis is described as a commensal bacterium that can be associated with a number of genital and extragenital conditions. Mechanisms of M. hominis pathogenicity are still largely obscure, and only a limited number of proteins have been associated with virulence. The current study focused on investigating the role of MHO_0730 as a virulence factor and demonstrated that MHO_0730 is a surface lipoprotein, potentially expressed in vivo during natural infection, acting both as a nuclease with its amino acidic portion and as a potent inducer of Neutrophil extracellular trapsosis with its N-terminal lipid moiety. Evidence for M. hominis neutrophil extracellular trap escape is also presented. Results highlight the relevance of MHO_0730 in promoting infection and modulation and evasion of innate immunity and provide additional knowledge on M. hominis virulence and survival in the host.
The Study of Human Rights Practice: State of the Art
Authors: Dudai Ron 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis essay offers a ‘state of the art’ of the study of human rights practice. It begins with delineating human rights practice as an academic perspective, defining its distinct research questions and approaches, and noting in particular the influence of sociological and anthropological standpoints on its development. The essay proceeds by exploring the study of human rights practice as a form of activist-scholarship—bridging the world of academia and practice—and the strengths and risks that such a position entails, and later by characterizing this type of research as a self-critical project, utilizing an insider perspective to identify the weaknesses of the human rights framework but also to avoid abstract gloomy generalizations. The concluding section identifies the themes of pragmatism and radical hope and introduces the contributions to this special issue.
Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Authors: Hasan-Olive Md Mahdi , Hansson Hans-Arne , Enger Rune , Nagelhus Erlend A , Eide Per Kristian 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is traditionally considered benign and characterized by symptoms related to increased intracranial pressure, including headache and impaired vision. We have previously demonstrated that brains of IIH patients exhibit patchy astrogliosis, increased perivascular expression of the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) as well as degenerating pericyte processes and capillary basement membranes. Given the established association between pericyte degeneration and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, we investigated blood protein leakage by light microscopic immunohistochemistry. We also assessed perivascular AQP4 expression by immunogold transmission electron microscopy. The study included 14 IIH patients and 14 reference (REF) subjects undergoing neurosurgery for epilepsy, aneurysm, or tumor. Evidence of BBB dysfunction, measured as area extravasated fibrinogen/fibrin, was significantly more pronounced in IIH than REF individuals. The extent of extravasated fibrinogen was positively correlated with increasing degree of astrogliosis and vascular AQP4 immunoreactivity, determined by light microscopy. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy revealed no overall changes in AQP4 expression at astrocytic vascular endfeet in IIH (n = 8) compared to REF (n = 11) individuals. Our results provide evidence of BBB leakage in IIH, signifying that IIH is a more serious neurodegenerative disease than previously considered.
Thermally driven wind as the origin of warm absorbers in AGN
Authors: Mizumoto Misaki , Done Chris , Tomaru Ryota , Edwards Isaac 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Warm absorbers are present in many active galactic nuclei (AGN), seen as mildly ionized gas outflowing with velocities of a few hundred to a few thousand kilometres per second. These slow velocities imply a large launch radius, pointing to the broad-line region and/or torus as the origin of this material. Thermal driving was originally suggested as a plausible mechanism for launching this material but recent work has focused instead on magnetic winds, unifying these slow, mildly ionized winds with the more highly ionized ultrafast outflows. Here we use the recently developed quantitative models for thermal winds in black hole binary systems to predict the column density, velocity, and ionization state from AGN. Thermal winds are sensitive to the spectral energy distribution (SED), so we use realistic models for SEDs which change as a function of mass and mass accretion rate, becoming X-ray weaker (and hence more disc dominated) at higher Eddington ratio. These models allow us to predict the launch radius, velocity, column density, and ionization state of thermal winds as well as the mass-loss rate and energetics. While these match well to some of the observed properties of warm absorbers, the data point to the presence of additional wind material, most likely from dust driving.
DNA polymerase ζ in DNA replication and repair
Authors: Martin Sara K , Wood Richard D 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHere, we survey the diverse functions of DNA polymerase ζ (pol ζ) in eukaryotes. In mammalian cells, REV3L (3130 residues) is the largest catalytic subunit of the DNA polymerases. The orthologous subunit in yeast is Rev3p. Pol ζ also includes REV7 subunits (encoded by Rev7 in yeast and MAD2L2 in mammalian cells) and two subunits shared with the replicative DNA polymerase, pol δ. Pol ζ is used in response to circumstances that stall DNA replication forks in both yeast and mammalian cells. The best-examined situation is translesion synthesis at sites of covalent DNA lesions such as UV radiation-induced photoproducts. We also highlight recent evidence that uncovers various roles of pol ζ that extend beyond translesion synthesis. For instance, pol ζ is also employed when the replisome operates sub-optimally or at difficult-to-replicate DNA sequences. Pol ζ also participates in repair by microhomology mediated break-induced replication. A rev3 deletion is tolerated in yeast but Rev3l disruption results in embryonic lethality in mice. Inactivation of mammalian Rev3l results in genomic instability and invokes cell death and senescence programs. Targeting of pol ζ function may be a useful strategy in cancer therapy, although chromosomal instability associated with pol ζ deficiency must be considered.