bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio is associated with incident diabetes in men: A retrospective study of Chinese individuals
Authors: Qin Hailun , Chen Zekai , Zhang Yunzhang , Wang Lingyu , Ouyang Piao , Cheng Lan , Zhang Yonggang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionDyslipidemia is commonly present in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Recently, the triglyceride : high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐C) ratio, a novel parameter of lipid abnormality, has been seen as an independent predictor for incident diabetes. However, the correlation of the TG/HDL‐C ratio with incident diabetes in the Chinese population and how this relationship is impacted by sex have been rarely studied. In the present study, the correlation of the TG/HDL‐C ratio with incident diabetes is investigated between different sexes of the Chinese population.Materials and MethodsA total of 116,855 participants who were free of diabetes at baseline were enrolled in the study. The participants were grouped by the median value (0.82) of the TG/HDL‐C ratio. Then, participants were further analyzed according to their sex. Cumulative incidence and person‐years incidence were used to express the incidence rate. The predictive value of the TG/HDL‐C ratio for incident diabetes was probed by the Cox regression proportional hazards model.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 44.1 ± 12.9 years, and 53% of participants (n = 62,868) were the men. A total of 2,685 incident diabetes cases occurred during the 3.1 years of the median follow‐up period. The cumulative incidence in total incident diabetes patients, men and women was 2.30% (2.21–2.38%), 3.01% (2.87–3.14%) and 1.47% (1.37–1.57%), respectively. After the adjustment of multivariate factors, the multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that a higher TG/HDL‐C ratio was the independent predictive factor of incident diabetes in men (hazard ratio 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.64), compared with women (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.53–1.38).ConclusionsAmong the Chinese population, the TG/HDL‐C ratio is an independent predictor for incident diabetes in male patients.
Comparing treatment intensification and clinical outcomes of metformin and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors in treatment‐naïve patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan
Authors: Horii Takeshi , Iwasawa Makiko , Shimizu Jyunichi , Atsuda Koichiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractJapan's guidelines emphasize tailored therapy, but do not guide physicians on the use of a specific regimen in drug‐naive patients. The role of long‐term initial therapy could be important in key elements of diabetes treatment, such as continuation of the initially prescribed drug. We investigated the frequency of occurrence to treatment intensification after the initiation of metformin or dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor treatment. In multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, initiation of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor was associated with a low hazard of intensification. The findings of this survey showed that dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors were the preferred first‐line treatment in Japan because of the high continuation rate of the treatment and hemoglobin A1c‐lowering effect. This information would provide guidance in selecting initial hypoglycemic drugs to optimize the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Japan and Asia.
Susceptibility of selected apple cultivars to the Mediterranean fruit fly
Authors: Zanoni Sara , Baldessari Mario , De Cristofaro Antonio , Angeli Gino , Ioriatti Claudio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCeratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the Mediterranean fruit fly, is one of the key pest species affecting deciduous fruit orchards along the Mediterranean coasts. Because of global warming, C. capitata is gradually spreading north and is becoming a major pest of apples. Determining the susceptibility of the main apple varieties grown in the region will serve as a cornerstone to the management of this pest. In this study, we show the results of a field and laboratory no‐choice test conducted to determine the Medfly preferences on different apple cultivars. The seven main varieties of apples (Gala, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Kanzi, Morgen Dallago and Fuji) were tested. The results demonstrate that C. capitata lays eggs on all apple cultivars in both field and laboratory conditions. The Granny Smith, Red Delicious and Morgen Dallago varieties showed the lowest susceptibility in laboratory conditions, (0.75, 1.55, 2 oviposition punctures/fruit, respectively), with significant differences in oviposition compared to the Golden Delicious, Kanzi and Fuji (3.27, 3.31, 3.1 oviposition punctures/fruit, respectively) varieties, which were shown to be the most susceptible to Medfly attack in laboratory conditions. On the other hand, only slight and not statistically significant differences emerged from the field trials. In relation to the physico‐chemical characteristics, the apple cultivars showing the lowest susceptibility (Granny Smith, Red Delicious and Morgen Dallago) had harder peels and pulps and lower sugar contents than the most susceptible cultivars (Golden Delicious, Fuji and Kanzi). These results were also confirmed through evaluation of larval development on different varieties. In fact, Granny Smith, Red Delicious and Morgen Dallago were the three varieties that did not allow adequate larval and adult development and reduced the possibility of the emergence of a new generation.
Increased temperature induces leaffolder outbreak in rice field
Authors: Ali Md. Panna , Kabir Mir Md. Moniruzzaman , Afrin Sadira , Nowrin Farzana , Haque Sheikh Shamiul , Haque Md. Maksudul , Hashem Abeer , Tabassum Baby , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Pittendrigh Barry Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Güenée (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), has emerged as a serious pest with significant outbreaks over the last decade in several rice‐growing countries, including China and Bangladesh and resulting in heavy rice yield losses. Climate changes (particularly high temperatures in late winter in Bangladesh) coincide with upsurge in outbreaks of this pest. We generated a statistical model using more than two decades of data to show that increased temperatures associate with this upsurge. Over the 22‐year model period, leaffolder populations in November increased significantly, corresponding to significant monthly temperature trends (but not rainfall) over the same period. Utilizing a linear model, we find that increasing temperature interacts with the amount of rainfall. With the variable month as a proxy for all seasonal effects affecting leaffolder abundance, the model reveals a significant correspondence with climate variations compared to average conditions; specifically, the model predicts that increasing maximum temperatures will lead to more leaffolder, while more rain will decrease their abundance. This study suggests that warmer environment contributed to recent outbreaks of leaffolder in rice‐growing countries; thus, climate change increases rice yield losses by increasing pest population in the field.
Analysis of the referral pattern and wait time for hip arthroscopy in a single payer publicly funded health care system
Authors: Petrera Massimo , Yanez‐Siller Federico , Whelan Daniel , Hoit Graeme , Mahjoob Maryam , Chahal Jas , Dwyer Tim 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRationale and objectivesTo analyse the referral pattern for hip pain and to investigate the wait time for an orthopaedic assessment by a hip arthroscopy surgeon in a single payer health care system. We hypothesized that a significant delay from time of onset of symptoms to time of assessment by a hip arthroscopy surgeon exists.MethodRetrospective review of prospectively collected data in an academic hospital in a single payer health care system. An electronic database analysis was conducted searching for all referrals for hip pain between February 2017 and June 2017. Data were then analysed with the aim to identify the most common reason for hip referral, calculate the duration of symptoms between onset and orthopaedic assessment, and categorize previous investigations and treatments.ResultsA total of 96 patients were included (47 male and 49 female). Main source of referrals was Family Medicine Physicians in 37% of cases and Primary Care Sports Medicine Physicians in 35%. The most common reason for referral was labral tear in 44.7% of cases followed by combined femoroacetabular impingement and labral tear in 21.8%.The duration of symptoms was longer than 2 years in 42% of cases and between 1 and 2 years in 40% of cases. Twenty percent of patients had previous intra‐articular injection while 53% of patients had physiotherapy treatment (64% of patient underwent physiotherapy for longer than 6 months).ConclusionIn the Canadian single payer health care system, a significant delay from the time of onset of symptoms to the time of assessment by a hip arthroscopy surgeon exists with the vast majority of patients in our cohort waiting more than 1 year. It is unknown if this delay affects the patient outcomes. This will require further investigation. Certainly, based on our findings, we should advocate for a better screening process, centralized referrals to hip arthroscopy specialists, and appropriate patient work‐up.
Patients' perspectives on care pathways and informed shared decision making in the transition between psychiatric hospitalization and the community
Authors: Sather Eva W. , Iversen Valentina C. , Svindseth Marit F. , Crawford Paul , Vasset Froydis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesPatients with mental health problems experience numerous transitions into and out of hospital. This study explores former patients' views of pathways in transition between district psychiatric hospital centres (DPCs) and community mental health services.MethodA descriptive qualitative design was chosen. Three focus group interviews with a total of 10 informants from five different communities were conducted. Interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically where themes describe promoting or inhibitory factors to the transition phase.ResultsThe informants shared their experiences on issues promoting and preventing successful care pathways in mental health. Four main paired themes were identified: (a) patient participation/activation/empowerment versus paternalism and institutionalization, (b) patient‐centred care versus care interpreted as humiliation, (c) interprofessional collaboration or teamwork versus unsafe patient pathways in mental health services, and (d) sustainable integrated care versus fragmented, noncollaborative care.ConclusionsShared decision making was reported more precisely as informed shared decision making. Shared information between all parties involved in care pathways is key.
Impact of sterilization and storage on the properties of concentrated skim milk by cryoconcentration in comparison with vacuum evaporation and reverse osmosis concentration
Authors: Balde Alseny , Aider Mohammed 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the impact of sterilized skim milk after being concentrated by three concentration techniques; namely cryoconcentration, vacuum evaporation, and reverse osmosis. To achieve this objective, skim milk was concentrated up to 18% total dry matter by cryoconcentration, vacuum‐evaporation and reverse osmosis, heat sterilized, and stored during 3 months. The obtained results showed that the surface net charge of the proteins in milk concentrated by vacuum evaporation decreased during storage, while that of the other milks remained stable. The levels of free amino acids decreased as a function of the storage time for the three skim milk samples with a higher rate for the vacuum evaporated milk. Thiol groups were affected by sterilization, but remained stable during storage. After sterilization, the consistency coefficient of milk increased by 8.6, 2.25, and 2.35 times for evaporated milk, concentrated by reverse osmosis, and cryoconcentrated, respectively. This result indicated a more stability of sterilized cryoconcentrated skim milk in comparison with the other skim milk samples which showed a tendency to age thickening.Practical ApplicationsThe findings of this research work can be applied by the dairy industry to produce concentrated skim milk following a cryoconcentration procedure. This subzero concentrating technique can substitute vacuum evaporation and reverse osmosis. The advantage of cryoconcentration, as used in this work, is its low energy consumption and high product quality. Indeed, because of the low latent heat of freezing of water in comparison with its latent heat of vaporization (seven times lower), cryoconcentration is an effective energy saving technology. Thus, the dairy processing industry can exploit the advantages of cryoconcentration to develop novel dairy foods and to save energy.
IL28B gene polymorphism is correlated with changes in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels after clearance of hepatitis C virus using direct‐acting antiviral treatment
Authors: Morihara Daisuke , Ko Yi‐Ling , Shibata Kumiko , Yamauchi Ryo , Fukuda Hiromi , Tsuchiya Naoaki , Fukunaga Atsushi , Kunimoto Hideo , Iwashita Hideyuki , Takata Kazuhide , Tanaka Takashi , Sakurai Kunitoshi , Inomata Shinjiro , Yokoyama Keiji , Nishizawa Shinya , Takeyama Yasuaki , Irie Makoto , Shakado Satoshi , Sohda Tetsuro , Sakisaka Shotaro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDirect‐acting antivirals (DAAs) rapidly clear hepatitis C virus (HCV), but the lipid dynamics after DAA treatment remain unknown. Low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia is the predicting factor for the onset and death of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Thus, in this study, we examined the frequency and risk of hyper‐LDL cholesterolemia in HCV patients who achieved sustained virologic response (SVR) with DAA treatment.MethodsA total of 121 patients with HCV genotype 1b, who achieved SVR with DAA treatment, were examined for serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein, and triglycerides from the start of treatment until 2 years after SVR (SVR‐2y). ΔLDL‐C was defined as the change in LDL‐C levels from treatment initiation to SVR‐2y. Hyper‐LDL cholesterolemia was defined as ≥ 140 mg/dL LDL‐C at SVR‐2y. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine whether ΔLDL‐C and hyper‐LDL cholesterolemia are associated with other factors, including viral kinetics.ResultsA total of 63, 3, and 55 patients were administered daclatasvir + asunaprevir, ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir, and ledipasvir + sofosbuvir, respectively. ΔLDL‐C in patients with the IL28B (rs8099917) TG/GG genotype was significantly higher than in those with IL28B TT (27.3 ± 27.0 and 9.6 ± 27.3 mg/dL; P < 0.001). In addition, IL28B TG/GG was an independent risk factor for hyper‐LDL cholesterolemia (odds ratio: 8.47; P < 0.001).ConclusionsAn IL28B polymorphism is associated with ΔLDL‐C and hyper‐LDL cholesterolemia after achieving SVR. Thus, lipid markers should be carefully monitored in patients who achieve SVR with DAA.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis on the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis in Asian, European, and American population
Authors: Lv Tingting , Li Min , Zeng Na , Zhang Jingqi , Li Shuxiang , Chen Sha , Zhang Chunpan , Shan Shan , Duan Weijia , Wang Qianyi , Wu Shanshan , You Hong , Ou Xiaojuan , Ma Hong , Zhang Dong , Kong Yuanyuan , Jia Jidong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground and AimReported incidence and prevalence rates of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) have been sparse and heterogeneous. The aim of this meta‐analysis was to estimate the worldwide incidence and prevalence rates of AIH and reveal population difference.MethodsPublished articles on the epidemiology of AIH in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched from inception to April 28, 2019. Two investigators independently reviewed these literatures and evaluated their quality. A random‐effects model was used to pool the overall incidence and prevalence rates. The impact of population difference, gender, age, study period, study quality, diagnostic criteria, and study design was further analyzed with subgroup analysis and meta‐regression.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. The pooled worldwide annual incidence and prevalence of AIH were 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–1.80) and 17.44 (95% CI: 12.01–22.87) per 100 000 persons, respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled annual incidence for Asian, European, and American population was 1.31 (95% CI: 0.42–2.20), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.10–1.64), and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.44–1.56) per 100 000 persons, respectively; the pooled prevalence for Asian, European, and American population was 12.99 (95% CI: 2.05–23.92), 19.44 (95% CI: 15.63–23.24), and 22.80 (95% CI: −13.48 to 59.07) per 100 000 persons, respectively. In addition, higher incidence and prevalence rates were observed in women than men, and a higher prevalence rate was observed in elderly than young people.ConclusionsAutoimmune hepatitis is a rare disease, with a similar incidence worldwide and a higher prevalence in European and American than in Asian population.
Color, Culture, or Cousin? Multiracial Americans and Framing Boundaries in Interracial Relationships
Authors: Buggs Shantel Gabrieal 
Published: May 2019

Objective:This article analyzes how some multiracial people—the “products” of interracial relationships—conceptualize what counts as an interracial relationship and how they discuss the circumstances that influence these definitions.Background:Scholars have argued that the added complexity expanding multiracial populations contribute to dating and marriage‐market conditions requires additional study; this article expands on the limited research regarding how multiracial people perceive interraciality.Method:The article uses in‐depth interviews with self‐identified multiracial women (N= 30) who used online dating platforms to facilitate their dating lives in the following three cities in Texas: Austin, Houston, and San Antonio.Results:In framing their relationships through lenses centered around skin color, cultural difference, and “familiarity” in terms of seeing potential partners as similar to non‐White male family members, multiracial women illustrate varied and overlapping means of describing their intimate relationships, providing additional nuance to sociological understandings of shifts in preferences and norms around partner choice across racial/ethnic lines and opening up opportunities to continue the exploration of the impact of racial inequality on partner choice.Conclusion:Multiracial people internalize racial, gendered, and fetishistic framings about potential partners similarly to monoracial people, demonstrating how racial boundaries and degrees of intimacy are (re)constructed for this growing demographic in the United States.
Effects of Parkinson's disease on molar bite force, electromyographic activity and muscle thickness of the masseter, temporal and sternocleidomastoid muscles: A case‐control study
Authors: Donizetti Verri Edson , da Silva Gabriel Pádua , Marianetti Fioco Evandro , Soares da Silva Nayara , Valin Fabrin Saulo César , Augusto Bueno Zanella Cesar , Roberta Garrefa Camila , Faria Júnior Milton , Siéssere Selma , Hallak Jaime Eduardo Cecilio , Palinkas Marcelo , Chaves Thais Cristina , Regalo Simone Cecilio Hallak 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundParkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that promotes motor changes in the body.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the impairment of the stomatognathic function regarding molar bite force, electromyographic activity and thickness of the craniocervical muscles in patients with Parkinson's disease in comparison with those in asymptomatic controls.MethodsTwenty‐four subjects were divided into two groups, a Parkinson's disease group (n = 12) and a control group (n = 12). The subjects were evaluated on the basis of molar bite force, electromyographic activity (rest, right and left laterality, protrusion, maximum voluntary contraction) and thickness (rest and maximum voluntary contraction) of the right and left temporal (anterior portion), masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles. The results were submitted to a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to compare the means of the two independent groups, considering diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and craniocervical muscles as independent variables. For the post hoc comparisons, Bonferroni correction was used (P < 0.05).ResultsParkinson's disease group presented lower mean values both sides for maximal molar bite force, significant increases in the electromyographic activities during mandibular tasks, lower mean thickness values of the masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles, and higher mean thickness values of the temporalis muscles (anterior portion).ConclusionThe results suggest that patients with Parkinson's disease may present functional changes of the stomatognathic system, related to bite force, electromyographic activity and thickness of the craniocervical muscles. The greater temporal muscle thickness in Parkinson's disease patients may compromise their daily life activities, especially with respect to chewing and nutrition.
Digital Tissue Preservation Concept: A Workflow for Guided Immediate Implant Placement and Restoration
Authors: Schubert Oliver , Beuer Florian , Schweiger Josef , Güth Jan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe digital workflow presented here allows for fabrication and placement of a definitive custom abutment at the time of tooth extraction and guided immediate implant placement, thus preserving soft tissue anatomy. Since abutment design was based on the shape of the original tooth, it represented a de facto emergence‐analog that provided ideal soft tissue support. The approach of superposing and merging of custom abutment design data with data captured intraorally after abutment placement enabled a digital impression without gingival displacement and associated trauma. The generated data facilitated the fabrication of a precisely fitting restoration concurrent with the implant healing period.
Abnormal bone mineralization in a puppy fed an imbalanced raw meat homemade diet diagnosed and monitored using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry
Authors: Dodd Sarah , Barry Maureen , Grant Caitlin , Verbrugghe Adronie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 4‐month‐old male Old English Sheepdog was presented for evaluation of a raw meat‐based homemade diet after a 1‐month history of progressive lameness. Marked dietary deficiencies were detected, which included calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D. Hypovitaminosis D and hypocalcaemia were diagnosed by serum analysis. Evidence of severe diffuse osteopenia was noted on survey radiographs. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to quantify bone mineral content and density and compare to published reference ranges. The puppy's initial bone mineralization was markedly subnormal, with bone mineral density 66% lower than expected, and bone mineral content 40% lower than expected. Subsequent DEXA scans were performed at intervals during the puppy's recovery to document the rate of bone re‐mineralization and guide therapeutic recommendations. Marked improvement was achieved within 4 months through exercise control and feeding of a diet appropriately formulated for large breed puppy growth and development. This report reinforces the necessity of thorough dietary history and highlights the potential for malnutrition in pets fed homemade and raw meat‐based diets. Use of DEXA has rarely been reported in clinical cases, yet can be a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring cases with abnormal bone mineralization. Further studies using DEXA to track bone mineralization in healthy puppies are encouraged to develop a more robust reference range of bone mineralization in growing dogs of varying sizes, weights and ages.