bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Magnetar Origin of the GRBs Presenting X-Ray Afterglow Plateaus
Authors: Stratta Giulia , Dainotti Maria Giovanna , Dall’Osso Simone , Hernandez X. , De Cesare Giovanni 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The X-ray afterglow plateau emission observed in many gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) has been interpreted as being fueled either by fallback onto a newly formed black hole or by the spin-down luminosity of an ultra-magnetized millisecond neutron star. If the latter model is assumed, GRB X-ray afterglow light curves can be reproduced analytically. We fit a sample of GRB X-ray plateaus, interestingly yielding a distribution in the diagram of magnetic field versus spin period (B–P) consistent with B ∝ P
7/6, which is consistent with GRB expectations of the well-established physics of the spin-up line for accreting Galactic X-ray pulsars. The normalization of the relation that we obtain perfectly matches spin-up line predictions for typical neutron star masses (∼1 M
⊙) and radii (∼10 km), and for mass accretion rates typically expected in GRBs,

. Short GRBs with extended emission (SEEs) appear toward the long-period end of the distribution, and long GRBs (LGRBs) toward the short-period end. This result is consistent with expectations from the spin-up limit, where the total accreted mass determines the position of the neutron star in the B–P diagram. The B–P distributions for LGRBs and SEEs are statistically different, further supporting the idea that the fundamental plane relation—a tri-dimensional correlation between the X-ray luminosity at the end of the plateau, the end time of the plateau, and the 1 s peak luminosity in the prompt emission—is a powerful discriminant among those populations. Our conclusions are robust against suppositions regarding the collimation angle of the GRB and the magnetar braking index, which shift the resulting properties of the magnetar parallel to the spin-up line, and strongly support a magnetar origin for GRBs presenting X-ray plateaus.
Evidence of Twisting and Mixed-polarity Solar Photospheric Magnetic Field in Large Penumbral Jets: IRIS and Hinode Observations
Authors: Tiwari Sanjiv K. , Moore Ronald L. , De Pontieu Bart , Tarbell Theodore D. , Panesar Navdeep K. , Winebarger Amy R. , Sterling Alphonse C. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A recent study using Hinode (Solar Optical Telescope/Filtergraph [SOT/FG]) data of a sunspot revealed some unusually large penumbral jets that often repeatedly occurred at the same locations in the penumbra, namely, at the tail of a penumbral filament or where the tails of multiple penumbral filaments converged. These locations had obvious photospheric mixed-polarity magnetic flux in Na i 5896 Stokes-V images obtained with SOT/FG. Several other recent investigations have found that extreme-ultraviolet (EUV)/X-ray coronal jets in quiet-Sun regions (QRs), in coronal holes (CHs), and near active regions (ARs) have obvious mixed-polarity fluxes at their base, and that magnetic flux cancellation prepares and triggers a minifilament flux-rope eruption that drives the jet. Typical QR, CH, and AR coronal jets are up to 100 times bigger than large penumbral jets, and in EUV/X-ray images they show a clear twisting motion in their spires. Here, using Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) Mg ii k λ2796 SJ images and spectra in the penumbrae of two sunspots, we characterize large penumbral jets. We find redshift and blueshift next to each other across several large penumbral jets, and we interpret these as untwisting of the magnetic field in the jet spire. Using Hinode/SOT (FG and SP) data, we also find mixed-polarity magnetic flux at the base of these jets. Because large penumbral jets have a mixed-polarity field at their base and have a twisting motion in their spires, they might be driven the same way as QR, CH, and AR coronal jets.
The Evolution of Molecular Gas Fraction Traced by the CO Tully–Fisher Relation
Authors: Isbell Jacob W. , Xue Rui , Fu Hai 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) observations show a luminosity−line width correlation that evolves with redshift. We present a method to use CO measurements alone to infer the molecular gas fraction (f
mol) and constrain the CO−H2 conversion factor (α
CO). We compile from the literature spatially integrated low-J CO observations of six galaxy populations, including a total of 449 galaxies between 0.01 ≤ z ≤ 3.26. The CO data of each population provide an estimate of the

-normalized mean molecular gas fraction (f
mol/α
CO). The redshift evolution of the luminosity−line width correlation thus indicates an evolution of f
mol/α
CO. We use a Bayesian-based Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampler to derive the posterior probability distribution functions of f
mol/α
CO for these galaxy populations, accounting for random inclination angles and measurement errors in the likelihood function. We find that the molecular gas fraction evolves rapidly with redshift,

with β ≃ 2, for both normal star-forming and starburst galaxies. Furthermore, the evolution trend agrees well with that inferred from the Kennicutt–Schmidt relation and the star-forming main sequence. Finally, at z < 0.1 normal star-forming galaxies (SFGs) require a ∼5× larger α
CO than starburst galaxies to match their molecular gas fractions, but at z > 1 both star-forming types exhibit sub-Galactic α
CO values and normal SFGs appear more gas rich than starbursts. Future applications of this method include calibrating Tully–Fisher relations without inclination correction and inferring the evolution of the atomic gas fraction with H i observations.
Le rapport à l’espace-temps dans la mobilité spatiale urbaine et son impact sur l’activité de shopping
Authors: Welté Jean-Baptiste 
Published: December 2018

La mobilité spatiale s’inscrit dans un mouvement d’accélération générale qui fragmente les trajectoires linéaires et augmente les opportunités des passants. Cet article étudie le rapport à l’espace-temps des individus en mobilité dans l’espace urbain. En s’appuyant sur une méthodologie ethnographique en situation dans le quartier Châtelet Les Halles à Paris, cinq mobilités distinctes sont identifiées : la traversée, l’exploration, l’excursion, l’appropriation et l’occupation. Des implications concernant les parcours marchands sont identifiées, notamment concernant les activités de shopping sans achat.
Time for Waste, Waste of Time? Assessing Heterogeneous Values of Saving Time from Recycling
Authors: Beaumais Olivier , Prunetti Dominique 
Published: December 2018

Bien qu’il soit clairement établi que le coût d’opportunité du temps consacré au recyclage constitue un déterminant essentiel des décisions des ménages en matière de tri des déchets, très peu de travaux empiriques ont tenté d’en fournir une estimation. Dans ce travail, nous proposons un modèle de prise de décision des ménages en termes de tri des déchets incluant des motivations pécuniaires et non-pécuniaires, telles que celles liées à des normes sociales ou morales, qui permet de mettre en évidence l’hétérogénéité des valeurs du gain de temps consacré au recyclage. Les résultats de notre modèle sont testés en utilisant des données issues d’une étude basée sur la méthode des choix expérimentaux discrets conduite en 2008 en Corse et estimées en utilisant un modèle logit de classement ordonné à classes latentes. Les résultats permettent d’établir que les valeurs du gain de temps consacré au recyclage sont fortement hétérogènes entre les individus puisqu’elles sont comprises entre 8 % et 76 % de leur revenu.
An Ordinal Approach to the Measurement of Inequality in Asset Ownership: Methodology and an Application to Mexican Data
Authors: Berenger Valérie , Deutsch Joseph , Silber Jacques , Soloaga Isidro 
Published: December 2018

Les indices d’actifs basés sur la possession de biens durables et les caractéristiques du logement sont très souvent utilisés comme mesure de la richesse lorsqu’aucune donnée n’est disponible sur le revenu ou les dépenses. Dans ce papier, nous proposons une approche ordinale pour estimer la richesse des ménages (individus) dès que l’on ne dispose que de données sur les actifs. L’analyse des correspondances nous permet d’obtenir un classement des corrélations entre les divers actifs et le premier facteur qui est une variable latente censée représenter le niveau de vie. Nous utilisons ensuite ce classement des corrélations des actifs pour calculer des indices d’inégalité ordinale qui ont été introduits récemment dans la littérature. Nous exploitons également l’information concernant la proportion d’individus possédant chaque type d’actifs pour calculer à nouveau des indices d’inégalité ordinale de la possession d’actifs. Notre analyse empirique, qui est basée sur des données couvrant les différents états du Mexique en 2000 et 2010, montre que la corrélation entre les indices d’inégalité ordinale dans la possession d’actifs, obtenus à partir de l’analyse des correspondances, et les indices de Gini traditionnels mesurant l’inégalité des revenus, est élevée. Cette corrélation est même plus élevée que celle qui est obtenue lorsque l’on compare ces indices de Gini et les indices d’inégalité ordinale calculés à partir de la proportion d’actifs possédés par les ménages.
Long-term Refractive Results of Myopic LASIK Complicated With Intraoperative Epithelial Defects
Authors: Esquenazi Salomon , Bui Viet 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term refractive results of LASIK for myopia complicated with intraoperative epithelial defects.
METHODS: Twenty-six eyes with epithelial defects on the LASIK flap were compared with the contralateral eye that had no intraoperative complications. Pre- and postoperative data were compared between the two groups including 3-, 6- and 12-month postoperative spherical equivalent refraction, amount of undercorrection, and complications.
RESULTS: Eyes with intraoperative epithelial defects showed more undercorrection at 3 and 6 months postoperatively (P<.05). No statistically significant difference was noted at 12 months. Twenty (76%) eyes in the epithelial defect group lost best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) at 3 months postoperatively compared with 2 (7%) eyes in the control group. By 1 year, however, only 2 (7%) eyes in the epithelial defect group and no eyes in the control group lost >1 line of BSCVA. Diffuse lamellar keratitis was observed in 15 (58%) of 26 eyes with epithelial defects and these eyes had more undercorrections at 6 and 12 months (P<.05) and higher corneal irregularity index at 6 and 12 months compared with controls (P<.05). Eyes with small epithelial defects (>1 mm2 to <3 mm2) had more undercorrections at 6 months (-1.08 ±0.76 diopters [D]) compared with the control group (-0.46±0.87 D). Eyes with centrally located epithelial defects had more undercorrections and increased corneal irregularity index compared with controls (P<.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative epithelial defects after LASIK should be considered a severe complication that may result in diffuse lamellar keratitis, induce loss of BSCVA, prolong recovery of visual acuity, and induce undercorrection. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:54-60.]
Autologous Serum Eye Drops for Dry Eye After LASIK
Authors: Noda-Tsuruya Tomoko , Asano-Kato Naoko , Toda Ikuko , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous serum eye drops for dry eye after LASIK in a prospective, randomized study.
METHODS: Fifty-four eyes of 27 male patients who underwent LASIK were divided into two groups; patients who used autologous serum eye drops and those who used artificial tears postoperatively. Schirmer test with anesthesia, tear break-up time (BUT), and rose bengal and fluorescein staining for the ocular surface were prospectively compared between the groups. All values were also compared before and after surgery (at 1 week [except for Schirmer test], 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months) in each group.
RESULTS: Tear BUT was greater in the autologous serum eye drops group than in the artificial tears group at 6 months postoperatively. Rose bengal score was lower in patients using autologous serum eye drops than in patients using artificial tears at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. No significant difference was noted between patients using autologous serum eye drops and patients using artificial tears in the value of Schirmer test with anesthesia and fluorescein scores. In the autologous serum eye drops group, tear BUT was increased at 3 months after LASIK, rose bengal score was lower at 1 month and 3 months, and fluorescein score was lower at 1 month after LASIK compared to preoperative values, respectively. In the artificial tears group, all values (Schirmer test, tear BUT, rose bengal score, and fluorescein score) showed no differences between before and after LASIK. No differences were noted in the subjective scores for dryness between the autologous serum eye drops and artificial tears groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The autologous serum eye drops group showed prolongation of the tear BUT and a reduction in rose bengal staining score. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:61-66.]
Two-step LASIK With Topography-guided Ablation to Correct Astigmatism After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Mularoni Alessandro , Laffi Gian Luca , Bassein Leona , Tassinari Giorgio 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy, predictability, stability, and safety of a two-step LASIK procedure using topography-guided ablation to correct astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty.
METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients underwent a two-step LASIK procedure at the Maggiore Hospital of Bologna, Italy. In the first step, a flap was created using the Hansatome microkeratome. In the second step, topography-guided ablation using the LaserSight LSX was planned with interactive software (CIPTA) once topographical and refractive stabilization had been obtained. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), cylindrical correction, gain of lines of BSCVA, spherical equivalent refraction, and complications were analyzed.
RESULTS: Minimum follow-up was 12 months (range: 12 to 30 months). Uncorrected visual acuity improved in all 15 (100%) eyes. At the last postoperative examination, 11 (73%) eyes had UCVA ^20/40. Nine (60%) eyes were within 1.0 diopter (D) of the attempted correction. Mean postoperative astigmatism was -1.67 (range: -3.5 to 0; standard deviation: 1.26). Index of success of astigmatic correction was 0.26. No patient lost Snellen lines of BSCVA. Intraoperative complications included two buttonhole flaps, and postoperative complications included one flap retraction. No further laser treatment was needed.
CONCLUSIONS: The two-step LASIK procedure using topography-guided ablation reduces spherical and cylindrical refractive error due to penetrating keratoplasty. Topography-guided ablation also proved to be effective in correcting irregular astigmatism. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:67-74.]
Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Following LASIK: Determination of the New Effective Index of Refraction
Authors: Jarade Elias F , Nader Françoise C Abi , Tabbara Khalid F 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine the new corneal effective index of refraction (rN) following LASIK to be used for accurate keratometry reading (K- reading).
METHODS: A total of 332 eyes that underwent myopic LASIK were divided into two groups (group A [n=137] and group B [n=195]). In each group, patients were divided into four subgroups according to the amount of spherical equivalent refraction of myopic LASIK ablation (subgroup 1 [<-4.0 D], subgroup 2 [-4.0 to <-8.0 D], subgroup 3 [-8.0 to -12.0 D], and subgroup 4 [>-12.0 D]). In each subgroup of group A, K- reading was measured by the clinical history method and the new corneal effective index (rN) was determined using paraxial formula: (Kreading=(rN-l)/Ra), where Ra is the radius of curvature of the anterior corneal surface. In group B, the anterior radius of curvature of the cornea was determined by automated K- reading, and K- reading was measured in each subgroup using the new effective index in paraxial formula, clinical history method, and automated K- reading.
RESULTS: In group A, the new effective index of refraction was 1.3355, 1.3286, 1.3237, and 1.3172 in the four subgroups, respectively. In group B, the mean K- reading measurements using rN in paraxial formula, clinical history method, and automated K-reading were: 40.33±1.68 D, 40.33±1.67 D, and 40.54±1.69 D, respectively, in subgroup 1; 37.96±1.26 D, 38.03±1.38 D, and 38.98±1.28 D, respectively, in subgroup 2; 35.77±1.75 D, 35.84±1.85 D, and 37.29±1.83 D, respectively, in subgroup 3; and 34.03±1.49 D, 34.15±1.84 D, and 36.21±1.59 D, respectively, in subgroup 4. In all subgroups of group B, the results of K-reading obtained using the new effective index of refraction were statistically similar to the results obtained by clinical history method (P>.05). Automated K-reading statistically overestimated the K-reading values in subgroups 2, 3, and 4 of group B (P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The use of the new corneal effective index of refraction allows for an accurate derivation of K-reading from the anterior radius of curvature. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:75-80.]
Conductive Keratoplasty for Presbyopia: 1-year Results
Authors: Stahl Jason E 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the safety, efficacy, and stability of conductive keratoplasty (CK) in the treatment of presbyopia.
METHODS: Ten near plano presbyopic patients (6 women and 4 men) underwent unilateral CK in the non-dominant eye to improve their near vision. Mean age was 51±3.1 years (range: 46 to 56 years). The surgeries were the author's first 10 CK procedures performed. The postoperative target for these eyes ranged from -1.25 to -1.75 diopters (D).
RESULTS: Preoperative mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was -0.18±0.27 D (range: -0.75 to -0.25 D), yielding a mean near uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of J10 (range: J12 to J5). Twelve months after CK, the mean near UCVA was J1 (range: J3 to J1) with 90% (9/10) eyes J1 and 100% (10/10) eyes J3 or better. The mean MRSE was -1.31±0.53 D (range: -2.25 to -0.75 D). Treated eyes lost an average of 2.2 ±2 lines (range: 0 to 5) of distance UCVA but gained an average of 8.7±2 lines (range: 4 to 11) of near UCVA. No eye lost best spectacle-corrected visual acuity or had induced cylinder ≥0.75 D. Nine (90%) of 10 patients had binocular distance UCVA ≤20/20 and near UCVA ≤J1 and all 10 (100%) patients had binocular distance UCVA ≤20/25 and near UCVA ≤J3.
CONCLUSIONS: Conductive keratoplasty for the treatment of presbyopia provided safe and effective results 1 year following the initial surgery. Longer follow-up will be needed to describe refractive stability. The mean near and distance UCVA results were better than expected for the amount of refractive change observed during this study. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:137-144.]
Monochromatic Aberrations in Eyes With Different Intraocular Lens Optic Designs
Authors: Padmanabhan Prema , Rao Srinivas K , Jayasree R , Chowdhry Mitalee , Roy J 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the wavefront aberration profile of eyes with three different types of intraocular lenses (IOLs)-the Teen is Z9000 (modified prolate surface design) (Pfizer, New York, NY), the Acrysof MA60BM (unequal biconvex optic) (Alcon, Ft Worth, Tex), and the Sensar Optiedge AR40e (equibiconvex optic) (AMO, Santa Ana, Calif)-in eyes following cataract surgery.

METHODS: This study was conducted in two parts. The first part was a randomized open study of 32 eyes of 16 patients who underwent bilateral phacoemulsification with a foldable IOL in the capsular bag. A Tecnis Z9000 IOL was implanted in one eye and an Acrysof MA60BM IOL in the fellow eye. The ALLEGRETTO WAVE Analyzer (Wavelight Laser Technologies AG, Erlangen, Germany) was used to measure ocular aberrations 2 weeks after surgery. A paired t test was used to compare each Zernike term from Z^sup -3^
3
to Z
p 6
6
between fellow eyes (pupil diameter = 6 mm). In the second part of the study, the wavefront aberrations of 16 eyes that underwent an identical surgical procedure as in the first part of the study but had a Sensar Optiedge AR40e IOL implanted were studied and compared with eyes with the Tecnis Z9000 and Acrysof MA60BM IOLs.

RESULTS: The mean spherical aberration (Z
p 0
4
) was statistically significantly lower in eyes with a Tecnis Z9000 IOL (Z
p 0
4
= 0.07 ± 0.12 µm) compared with eyes with an Acrysof MA60BM IOL (Z
p 0
4
= 0.29 ± 0.20 µm, P<.001) and with eyes with a Sensar Optiedge AR40e IOL (Z
p 0
4
= 0.20 ± 0.09 µm, P=.002). No statistically significant differences were noted in any of the Zernike terms between eyes with Acrysof MA60BM and Sensar Optiedge AR40e IOLs, or in the root-mean-square (RMS) of total higher order aberrations among the three IOL groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of a Tecnis Z9000 IOL produces a significant reduction in spherical aberration of the eye. No significant differences were noted in the wavefront profile between eyes with Acrysof MA60BM and Sensar Optiedge AR40e IOLs. No significant differences were found in the RMS of total higher order aberrations among the three IOL groups. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:172-177.]
Visual Acuities and Manifest Refractions Prior to LASIK Retreatments
Authors: Kakaria Sandeep K , Kornstein Howard S 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To demonstrate that patients undergoing LASIK retreatments generally have good uncorrected vision and small refractive errors prior to retreatment surgery.
METHODS: A list was generated of all refractive surgery retreatments performed in our four laser centers from August 2003 to July 2004. From this list, a total of 100 patient charts were randomly chosen. Only eyes that had full distance correction with LASIK as the primary surgery were included. The last uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) prior to retreatment were recorded.
RESULTS: For a total of 109 eyes studied, the average UCVA prior to retreatment was 20/36. Eighty-one percent (88/109) of the retreated eyes were already seeing ≥20/40. The average MRSE prior to retreatment was -0.43±0.98 D.
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of patients receiving LASIK retreatments have relatively good uncorrected vision and minimal refractive errors prior to retreatment. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:200-202.]
Contact Lens Wear and IOL Power Calculation Before Cataract Surgery: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Nguyen D Q , Hakin K N 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To present a case of erroneous corneal measurements, which led to inaccurate predicted intraocular lens (IOL) power.
METHODS: A 60-year-old woman underwent preoperative assessment for cataract surgery. The predicted IOL power was 19.5 D.
RESULTS: Repeated biometry led to different measurements and an 11.0-D powered IOL was inserted. The predicted IOL power was incorrect, as the patient had worn contact lenses during the preoperative assessment.
CONCLUSIONS: This case demonstrates that errors can occur, and it is essential to fully understand the principles of biometry and the refractive issues of cataract surgery to avoid postoperative refractive errors. [J Refract Surg. 2006;22:204.]