bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aggregation‐Induced Nonlinear Optical Effects of AIEgen Nanocrystals for Ultradeep In Vivo Bioimaging
Authors: Zheng Zheng , Li Dongyu , Liu Zhiyang , Peng Hui‐Qing , Sung Herman H. Y. , Kwok Ryan T. K. , Williams Ian D. , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Qian Jun , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNonlinear optical microscopy has become a powerful tool in bioimaging research due to its unique capabilities of deep optical sectioning, high‐spatial‐resolution imaging, and 3D reconstruction of biological specimens. Developing organic fluorescent probes with strong nonlinear optical effects, in particular third‐harmonic generation (THG), is promising for exploiting nonlinear microscopic imaging for biomedical applications. Herein, a simple method for preparing organic nanocrystals based on an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogen (DCCN) with bright near‐infrared emission is successfully demonstrated. Aggregation‐induced nonlinear optical effects, including two‐photon fluorescence (2PF), three‐photon fluorescence (3PF), and THG, of DCCN are observed in nanoparticles, especially for crystalline nanoparticles. The nanocrystals of DCCN are successfully applied for 2PF microscopy at 1040 nm NIR‐II excitation and THG microscopy at 1560 nm NIR‐II excitation, respectively, to reconstruct the 3D vasculature of the mouse cerebral vasculature. Impressively, the THG microscopy provides much higher spatial resolution and brightness than the 2PF microscopy and can visualize small vessels with diameters of ≈2.7 µm at the deepest depth of 800 µm in a mouse brain. Thus, this is expected to inspire new insights into the development of advanced AIE materials with multiple nonlinearity, in particular THG, for multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy.
Oscillating Surfaces Fueled by a Continuous AC Electric Field
Authors: Visschers Fabian L. L. , Gojzewski Hubert , Vancso G. Julius , Broer Dirk J. , Liu Danqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRecent developments in soft matter science provide options to add mobility and motility to polymer films and surfaces. Restrictively, the dynamics in these materials are modulated by a pulsated trigger and the route to autonomous dynamics is still a most intriguing challenge. Here, is the design of a self‐sustaining oscillating surface is reported that is fueled by a continuous AC electric field without an intermittent on–off switch. The underlying principle is based on the polarity inversion over the poly(dimethyl siloxane) layer with a 10 nm thick silicon oxide top layer by an integrated tri‐electrode structure connected to an alternating power source. In absence of the electric signal, the coating surface is flat. By applying an AC field, the surface corrugates into a sinusoidal morphology and starts oscillating to develop a continuous standing wave. Typically, the oscillation frequency is 0–5 Hz and the modulation depth is 150 nm. The topographical dynamics are analyzed in terms of viscoelastic materials properties and actuation kinetics and are supported by finite element calculations.
Hybrid Membranes of hPEA@PVDF for Molecular Recognition and Separation of Phenols and Anilines
Authors: Teng Shang , Li Jin , Tao Tao , Su Zhilong , Jiang Xuesong , Cui Mengzhong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHybrid porous membranes with unique gradually open microchannels, which is comprised of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as skeletons and functional hyperbranched poly(ether amine) (hPEA) as coverage surface, are formed via a combined crystallization and diffusion approach. The cross‐sectional tortuous pores with fully well‐arranged, opened, and interconnected microchannels are generated that are directed by synergistic effect of the nucleation/crystallization of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvent, demixing/phase separation of polymers for both the loss of solvent in liquid phase and the reduced solubility of polymer at lower temperature, and exchanging effect between DMSO and water molecules. The introduction of functional amphipathic hPEA polymer chains effectively improves the hydrophilicity of pure PVDF with water permeation increased for 3.2 times, and contact angle decreases for about four times, and endowing the hPEA@PVDF hybrid membranes with high sensitive recognition and separation of phenols and anilines both in static and filtration processes. Moreover, the hybrid hPEA@PVDF membranes are easily regenerated and retained to their original states during adsorption–regeneration tests. This indicates that the hybrid membranes will be used in separation of toxic components that are carcinogenic, mutagenic, and difficult to biodegrade or direct aerobic digestion in nature via a one‐pot filtration process in water treatments.
Filterless Polarization‐Sensitive 2D Perovskite Narrowband Photodetectors
Authors: Li Lu , Jin Long , Zhou Yunxi , Li Junze , Ma Jiaqi , Wang Shuai , Li Wancai , Li Dehui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolarization‐sensitive narrowband photodetectors can respond to a narrow spectral range of light together with the ability to sense the polarization of light. Traditionally, expensive filters combined with polarizers are utilized to realize the polarization‐sensitive narrowband photodetections. To reduce the cost and simplify optical system, here a polarization‐sensitive narrowband photodetector based on 2D perovskite single crystals without any additional optical components is reported. The photodetector shows a linear dichroic ratio of 1.56 at 552 nm under the oblique incident angle of 45° and the full width at half maximum of 20 nm. Moreover, the photodetector exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 120% and a peak specific detectivity of 1.23 × 1010 Jones under the normal illumination. This polarization‐sensitive narrowband photoresponse can be ascribed to the charge collection narrowing mechanism assisted by the enhanced self‐trapped states in 2D perovskites and the large anisotropic crystal structure between different crystal directions. In particular, the device configuration is specially designed so that the absorption anisotropy takes place between the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions and photogenerated carriers transport along the in‐plane direct to avoid the large organic barrier along the out‐of‐plane direction, resulting in the polarization‐sensitive narrowband photodetections with high performance.
Heat Shock Protein Inspired Nanochaperones Restore Amyloid‐β Homeostasis for Preventative Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Yang Huiru , Li Xinyu , Zhu Lin , Wu Xiaohui , Zhang Shaozhi , Huang Fan , Feng Xizeng , Shi Linqi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAmyloid beta (Aβ) aggregation is generally believed as the crucial and primary cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, current Aβ‐targeted therapeutic strategies show limited disease‐modifying efficacy due to the irreversible damages in the late stage of AD, thus the treatment should be given before the formation of deposition and target primary Aβ species rather than advanced plaques. Herein, inspired by heat shock protein, a self‐assembly nanochaperone based on mixed‐shell polymeric micelle (MSPM) is devised to act as a novel strategy for AD prevention. With unique surface hydrophobic domains, this nanochaperone can selectively capture Aβ peptides, effectively suppress Aβ aggregation, and remarkably reduce Aβ‐mediated cytotoxicity. Moreover, the formed nanochaperone‐Aβ complex after Aβ adsorption can be easily phagocytosed by microglia and thereby facilitates Aβ clearance. As a result, the nanochaperone reduces Aβ burden, attenuates Aβ‐induced inflammation, and eventually rescues the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice. These results indicate that this biomimetic nanochaperone can successfully prevent the onset of AD symptoms and serve as a promising candidate for prophylactic treatment of AD.
Synthesis and characterization of new organic–inorganic nanohybrid film (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS as an efficient and reusable amphiphilic catalyst for ODS of real fuel
Authors: Rezvani Mohammad Ali , Noori Oghoulbeyk Zahra 
Published: September 2019

In this work, we report a new catalytic oxidative desulfurization (CODS) system based on (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS nanohybrid film as a highly active catalyst. The nanohybrid material was successfully fabricated by the composition of tetra (n‐butyl) ammonium salt of Fe‐substituted phosphotungstate, ((n‐C4H9)4N)4[PW11Fe(H2O)O39] abbreviated as (TBA)PWFe, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (CTS). The composite was characterized using various analytical techniques including FT‐IR, UV–vis, XRD, and SEM. The results revealed the hydrogen‐bonding interaction between inorganic (TBA)PWFe clusters and organic polymers. The catalytic activity of (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS was evaluated in the CODS of real gas oil. Also, the solutions of heterocyclic thiophenic compounds (HTCs) in n‐heptane were tasted as simulated fuels. It was found that the removal efficiency of HTCs in the presence of (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS catalyst reached as high as 95% at 60 °C after 2 h. The significant catalytic performance of the nanohybrid film might be attributed to its amphiphilicity and multifunctional active sites, which enhances adsorption and oxidation of sulfur compounds. Moreover, the (TBA)PWFe/PVA/CTS composite can be easily recovered and reused by simple filtration, making it a suitable catalyst for cleaner processing.
Albumin‐based hydrogels for regenerative engineering and cell transplantation
Authors: Ong John , Zhao Junzhe , Justin Alexander W. , Markaki Athina E. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlbumin, the most abundant plasma protein in mammals, is a versatile and easily obtainable biomaterial. It is pH and temperature responsive, dissolvable in high concentrations and gels readily in defined conditions. This versatility, together with its inexpensiveness and biocompatibility, makes albumin an attractive biomaterial for biomedical research and therapeutics. So far, clinical research in albumin has centered mainly on its use as a carrier molecule or nanoparticle to improve drug pharmacokinetics and delivery to target sites. In contrast, research in albumin‐based hydrogels is less established albeit growing in interest over recent years. In this minireview, we report current literature and critically discuss the synthesis, mechanical properties, biological effects and uses, biodegradability and cost of albumin hydrogels as a xeno‐free, customizable, and transplantable construct for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
One‐shot optimization of multiple enzyme parameters: Tailoring glucose oxidase for pH and electron mediators
Authors: Ostafe Raluca , Fontaine Nicolas , Frank David , Ng Fuk Chong Matthieu , Prodanovic Radivoje , Pandjaitan Rudy , Offmann Bernard , Cadet Frédéric , Fischer Rainer 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnzymes are biological catalysts with many industrial applications, but natural enzymes are usually unsuitable for industrial processes because they are not optimized for the process conditions. The properties of enzymes can be improved by directed evolution, which involves multiple rounds of mutagenesis and screening. By using mathematical models to predict the structure–activity relationship of an enzyme, and by defining the optimal combination of mutations in silico, we can significantly reduce the number of bench experiments needed, and hence the time and investment required to develop an optimized product. Here, we applied our innovative sequence–activity relationship methodology (innov'SAR) to improve glucose oxidase activity in the presence of different mediators across a range of pH values. Using this machine learning approach, a predictive model was developed and the optimal combination of mutations was determined, leading to a glucose oxidase mutant (P1) with greater specificity for the mediators ferrocene–methanol (12‐fold) and nitrosoaniline (8‐fold), compared to the wild‐type enzyme, and better performance in three pH‐adjusted buffers. The kcat/KM ratio of P1 increased by up to 121 folds compared to the wild type enzyme at pH 5.5 in the presence of ferrocene methanol.
In Vitro Biosynthesis of Peptides Containing Exotic Azoline Analogues
Authors: Goto Yuki , Suga Hiroaki 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn nature, azolines produced by YcaO cyclodehydratases during the biosynthesis of ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) are generally limited to thiazoline, oxazoline, and methyloxazoline, which are derived from the proteinogenic Cys, Ser, and Thr residues, respectively. To investigate whether YcaO cyclodehydratases precisely recognize the common structural characteristics and chirality of the modifiable residues, the “reprogrammed FIT‐PatD system” has been established by combining a YcaO cyclodehydratase (PatD) with genetic code reprogramming powered by the flexible in vitro translation (FIT) system, in which precursor peptides bearing non‐proteinogenic Cys/Ser/Thr analogues could be expressed through a reprogrammed genetic code and subsequently cyclodehydrated by PatD. The study has revealed remarkable stereo‐, chemo‐, and regioversatility for modifiable residues in PatD‐catalyzed cyclodehydration, expanding the repertoire of backbone heterocycles in RiPPs to exotic azoline analogues.
Optimization of cold‐formed steel products: achievements, challenges and opportunities
Authors: Becque Jurgen 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTGiven the current expansion in the use of cold‐formed steel, the emergence of increasingly complex cross‐sectional shapes, the continual advances in manufacturing and the increasingly important quest for efficient and sustainable construction solutions, the optimization of cold‐formed steel products is an exceedingly relevant research field. The prolific publication of research papers in this area encountered over the past decade is testament to this. This paper aims to explore the general state‐of‐the art of this research field, as well as present a summary of research conducted at the University of Sheffield over the past five years and place it in a wider context. Further advancements needed in this field are also discussed.
Pull‐out failure of headed studs close to the concrete edge
Authors: Stempniewski Lena , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTHorizontally lying headed studs allow thin concrete slabs as a concrete flange. The shear capacity of studs close to the concrete edge is affected by splitting forces in the concrete. Due to the small edge distance of the headed studs to the concrete edge, a reduction in the capacity of the shear connection according to EN 1994‐2 Annex C is required. Thereby additional geometric boundary conditions for the required length of the headed studs in the edge position are defined. In this way, a pull‐out failure, which was observed in push‐out tests, is prevented. These requirements for the minimum length of the headed studs can lead to comparatively long studs, which in practice are uneconomical or not feasible. Influences of load‐carrying parameters such as the degree of reinforcement of the shear reinforcement or the concrete strength cannot be considered. On the basis of recent developments in the fastening technology, the possibility is created to neglect the geometric restrictions and to prove the actual tensile forces occurring in the studs. Based on new experimental and numerical investigations, in this paper the revision of these restrictions will be presented.
Experimental and Theoretical Research of Composite Truss Behaviour
Authors: Bujnak Jan , Michalek Peter , Perkowski Zbigniew 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe design specifications of composite trusses are only partially included in the European standards. However this construction system can be considered as one of the most economical for building and bridge structures. In general, the composite trusses can be used for greater spans up to the 30 m, which allows better use of internal space without restricting columns. To create the interaction between steel and concrete, it is necessary to prevent the relative slip at the steel and concrete interface using the shear connectors. However the local effects of a concentrated longitudinal force and the distribution of the shear force between steel section and concrete slab, as special task, should be appropriately examined. The static, dynamic and non‐destructive experimental research has examined real structural behaviour. But the finite element analyses can be also used to investigate numerically this structural system. The outputs of this study are presented in the paper.
The design of tall windbreak panels: Design issues and a case study
Authors: Maraveas Chrysanthos 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe design and construction of tall, slender steel structures always presents a challenge. This paper presents design aspects (structural system information, analysis methods, applied loads and cost optimisation) and a case study relating to the design and construction of tall windbreak panels 10 m in height. These windbreak panels were constructed in a Greek electricity‐producing industry in order to reduce wind turbulence and improve the performance of its Air Cooled Condenser (ACC). The steel columns were constructed from hot‐rolled IPE 360 cross sections with a height of 10 m, supported by cables in the wind direction and bracing systems in the transverse direction. Concrete anchorages for the cables and concrete footings for the steel columns were used. System optimisation in terms of the steel weight, cable weight and overall costs is discussed and practical issues are explained in terms of technical decisions. Furthermore, construction details, construction methods and cost estimation are discussed.
Development of Seismic Device for Stainless Steel Rectangular Water Tank at Short Period Earthquake
Authors: Aoki Daisuke , Bando Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Naohiko , Suzuki Moriaki 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe seismic device effective for an existing stainless steel rectangular water tank was developed to prevent the damage of tank by earthquake, especially focusing on the short period earthquake where the impulsive pressure acts on the side wall of tank. The seismic device consisted of a thin high damping rubber plate, sandwiched with two metal plates, which were attached on both the surfaces of the rubber plate. These seismic devices were expected to be set between the base frame of tank and the anchor block.First, a shaking table test of a small water tank (1,000 mm×1,000 mm×1,000 mm) made of stainless steel panels was performed under the several conditions of the number, shape and rubber thickness of the seismic devices. Then, eight seismic devices were set to a large water tank (3,000 mm×3,000 mm×3,000 mm) constructed from nine stainless steel panels for each side wall. These tanks were put on the shaking tables and dynamic shaking tests were performed. The shaking frequency was varied from DC to 12 Hz with a given interval step and the water pressure on the side wall of tank was measured.In this study, by setting the seismic devices to both the small and large water tanks, the natural impulsive frequencies of tanks became a little lower, and the impulsive pressure at the natural frequency became smaller with increasing rubber thickness and with increasing surface pressure. When the HYOGOKEN‐NANBU earthquake waves were given to the large water tank with the seismic devices, the impulsive pressure at the short period oscillation was largely suppressed but the sloshing pressure at the long period oscillation was scarcely enhanced.
The optimal moment capacity of plate girders: Parameter research on a plate girder under pure bending and a design strategy
Authors: Abspoel Roland 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTIn a material driven economy, the lever arm between the flanges and the flange area have to increase to create a cross‐sectional class 4 section with an optimal moment resistance for a specific amount of steel. This leads to a higher moment resistance than based on a section of class 1 up to 3 with equal cross‐sectional area and the stiffness of such plate girder increases too. The increase in stiffness means that high strength steels can be used leading to a large reduction of the steel consumption. The web slenderness of the plate girder increases too and so flange induced buckling has to be verified. Eurocode 3 restricts the maximum web slenderness to avoid flange induced buckling, originally derived by Basler.Experimental research conducted at the Stevin II laboratory of Delft University of Technology, shows that this requirement related to flange induced buckling is too conservative. Ten unstiffened plate girders with a web slenderness up to 800 are tested and analysed.This paper presents the results of a parameter research and finally, a design strategy to design plate girders with a maximum web slenderness and so with an optimal moment resistance is presented.
Modular Building Design: Post‐Brexit Housing
Authors: Perampalam Gatheeshgar , Dobson Ross , Poologanathan Keerthan , Tsavdaridis Konstantinos Daniel , Nagaratnam Brabha , Iacovidou Eleni 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe use of modular building systems (MBSs) in the construction sector is increasing. MBSs enhance structural performance of buildings, quality control, and construction speed than traditional methods at a lower cost. Additional benefits can be associated with resource efficiency at both the production and construction phases, which may increase MBSs' attractiveness and popularity in the short‐ and long‐term future. In the UK, the government is planning to solve Britain's housing crisis by constructing more than 100,000 modular homes in an effort to meet its target to provide a million new homes by 2020. At the same time, the construction sector is facing post‐Brexit skills shortages, while it is undergoing a technological revolution. One outcome of the latter has been the production of cold‐formed steel (CFS) hollow flange sections, which can be optimised using genetic algorithm and finite element analyses in order to improve the load‐carrying capacity of modular buildings. These optimised CFS beams, employed in MBSs, can light gauge the frame building constructions. This paper presents a review of MBSs and the application of CFS hollow flange steel sections in construction. It then summarises some of the key outputs of numerical studies on the structural behaviour of hollow flange beams to justify its applicability in MBS.
Design of slim‐floors and their connections between steel and concrete
Authors: Schorr Johannes , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTSlim‐floor beams are composite beams with steel sections integrated into the concrete slab. The small section height together with high bending capacity enables to build large column‐free spaces. Furthermore the reduced height of the slim‐floor structure compared to conventional solutions may allow for more floors in a limited overall building height. Slim‐floor beams achieve a high degree of prefabrication when precast concrete elements or metal decking sheets are used. Accordingly, the construction time can be optimised to a minimum. Further advantages are the very good fire protection and joist free ceilings.Due to the shallow depth of slim‐floor beams their structural response differs from conventional composite structures. Designers should consider additional effects to analyse the deformation behaviour as well as the load carrying behaviour. Based on extensive experimental and numerical investigations, the European research project SlimAPP compiles design principles for slim‐floor constructions in ultimate limit state as well as in serviceability limit state. Some of these rules may be included in Eurocode 4 by Project Team SC4.PT5 “Development of rules covering shallow floor construction, and other flooring types using pre‐cast concrete”. The background and requirements for designing the shear connector system for slim‐floor constructions as well as the utilisation of partial interaction and its influence on the load‐carrying behaviour are presented in this paper.