bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Green and Chemically Prepared PEGylated Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles (ZnS‐NPs) for Biological Applications
Authors: Rehman Zia ur , Khan Muhammad Aslam , Jathoi Nouman Rasheed , Rasool Usama , Almaary Khalid S , Bahkali Needa A. , Ihsan Junaid , Bokhari Syed Ali Imran 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study compares chemical and green synthesized zinc sulfide nanoparticles for multiple biological properties. A chemical synthesis approach is utilized to synthesize PEGylated ZnS‐NPs while the bulbs of Fritillariae cirrhosae bulbus are utilized for green synthesis. After extensive characterization, the NPs are examined for multifunctional biological properties such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, in vitro anticancer, and blood compatibility. Our study found that chemical synthesis results in higher yield and better dispersion behavior. However, the green ZnS‐NPs possessed increased antibacterial and antiparasitic potential against Leishmania tropica as the NPs resulted in significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.156 and 0.312 mg/mL, respectively while IC50 of 115.21 and 128.5 µg/mL were observed for the promastigote and amastigote forms of parasite. Furthermore, Fritillaria cirrhosa (F. cirrhosa) synthesized NPs possessed slightly improved antioxidant properties and in vitro anticancer potential against MCF‐7 breast cancer cells. Despite differences in the biological properties, the NPs did not result in hemolytic behavior thus demonstrating the compatible nature against blood cells. It was thus evident from the present study that the chemical and green synthesis techniques not only result in NPs with different physicochemical characteristics but also significantly influence the bio‐interaction of the obtained ZnS‐NPs.
Synthesis of Novel Photocatalysts Based on Polyoxovanadates Supported onto Zeolites Employed for Azo Dye Degradation
Authors: Leal Marchena Candelaria , Ortenzi Georgina P. , Pierella Liliana B. , Pizzio Luis R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous photocatalysts based on polyoxovanadates with Keggin structure (POV) supported onto zeolite (NH4ZSM‐5) were developed. The amount of POV incorporated was varied from 5% to 30% wt. Catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, FT‐IR, XRD, DRS UV–vis, TGA, and 31P MAS‐NMR techniques; and the catalytic activity was evaluated in azo dye degradation. The specific surface area decreased as the POV content increased because of zeolite pore blocking. The XRD patters presented the characteristic peaks of NH4ZSM‐5 and POV, with no additional diffraction peaks, assigned to a well dispersed POV. FT‐IR and 31P MAS‐NMR results confirm that the Keggin structure of [PVW11O40]4− anions remain unaltered after their inclusion in the zeolite. The incorporation of POV generated a redshift at the absorption border, determined by DRS UV–vis, which promotes its activity in the visible range. Moreover, while POV content increase the bandgap energy diminishes and the photocatalytic activity increased. The higher photoactivity was 80% of discoloration when 30% wt of POV was incorporated. The characterization and catalytic evaluation indicated that these materials present suitable properties to be used as catalysts in the photocatalytic treatment of wastewater, being the main advantage their easy separation and reuse without significant decrease of the photoactivity.
High‐Throughput UV‐Induced Synthesis and Screening of Alloy Electrocatalysts
Authors: Li Xu , Cao Jianyun , Chen Jiexin , Xie Jiyang , Gu Chengding , Li Xiaohong , Brandon Nigel , Hu Wanbiao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe combination of different elements in alloy catalysts can lead to improved activity as it provides opportunities to tune the electronic structures of surface atoms. However, the synthesis and performance screening of alloy catalysts through a vast chemical space are cost‐ and labor‐intensive. Herein, a UV‐induced, high‐throughput method is reported for the synthesis and screening of alloy electrocatalysts in a fast and low‐cost manner. A platform that integrates 37 mini‐reaction‐cells enables simultaneous UV‐induced photodeposition of alloy nanoparticles with up to 37 compositions. These mini‐reaction‐cells further allow a transfer‐free, high‐throughput electrochemical performance screening. Binary (PtPd, PtIr, PdIr), ternary (PtPdIr, PtRuIr) and quaternary (PtPdRuIr) alloys have been synthesized with the activity of the binary alloys (57 compositions) for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) being screened. The predicted high performance of identified alloy compositions are subsequently validated by standard measurements using a rotating disk electrode configuration. It is found that the as‐synthesized alloy nanoparticles are rich in twin boundaries and thus possess lattice strain. Density functional theory calculation implies that the high ORR activity of the screened Pt0.75Pd0.25 alloy originates from the interplay between the differentiated adsorption sites because of alloying and the strain‐induced modulation of the d‐band center.
A Review of Advances in Heterostructured Catalysts for Li–S Batteries: Structural Design and Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Zhang Kaiyuan , Zhao Zhiqiang , Chen Huan , Pan Yukun , Niu Bo , Long Donghui , Zhang Yayun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries, acclaimed for their high energy density, cost‐effectiveness, and environmental benefits, are widely considered as a leading candidate for the next‐generation energy storage systems. However, their commercialization is impeded by critical challenges, such as the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides and sluggish reaction kinetics. These issues can be effectively mitigated through the design of heterojunction catalysts. Despite the remarkable advancements in this field, a comprehensive elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and structure–performance relationships of heterojunction catalysts in sulfur electrocatalysis systems remains conspicuously absent. Here, it is expounded upon the mechanisms underlying heterostructure engineering in Li–S batteries and the latest advancements in heterostructure catalysts guided by these multifarious mechanisms are examined. Furthermore, it illuminates groundbreaking paradigms in heterostructure design, encompassing the realms of composition, structure, function, and application. Finally, the research trends and future development directions for the novel heterojunction materials are extensively deliberated. This study not only provides a comprehensive and profound understanding of heterostructure catalysts in Li–S batteries but also facilitates the exploration of new electrocatalyst systems.
Enhancing SHM with the extension of the deformation area difference method into the strain area difference method
Authors: Čamo Tarik , Apostolidi Eftychia , Waldmann Danièle 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study contributes to the fields of nondestructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM), which are pivotal for extending the service life of infrastructure and aligning with sustainability goals in construction. The study emphasizes an advanced application of the deformation area difference (DAD) Method, focusing on the comparative analysis of curvature lines derived from photogrammetry‐assisted deflection measurements and direct strain measurements. The novel strain area difference (SAD) method is presented. The research includes numerical simulations and practical experiments. A laboratory experiment with a steel beam demonstrates the method's effectiveness by comparing curvature lines from strain and deflection data. Additionally, an on‐site application on a composite bridge using photogrammetry and drone technology is described with a comparative numerical analysis. The investigations' results shed light on the potential of integrating diverse data sources in NDT/SHM practices. For instance, the integration of deflection measurements and strain measurements for SHM. The comparative analysis provides crucial insights into the accuracy and applicability of the DAD and SAD method in various structural scenarios, improving the precision of condition assessments in reinforced concrete structures. The findings have significant implications for the sustainable maintenance and operation of infrastructure. They support efficient decision‐making in the maintenance and repair of structures, contributing to their longevity and reducing the need for extensive interventions. They present a robust framework for decision‐making in predictive maintenance.
Harnessing the microbiome: probiotics, antibiotics and their role in canine and feline gastrointestinal disease
Authors: Schmid Sarah M , Tolbert M Katherine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTUnfavourable alterations of the host microbial environment, known as dysbiosis, have been identified in many canine and feline gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. As a result, normalisation of microbial composition and function has become an important therapeutic target. Given the complex and individualistic interplay between the resident microbiota, host and environment, a multimodal approach is often necessary when addressing dysbiosis in dogs and cats with GI disease. Systemic antibiotics are often empirically used to treat acute and chronic GI diseases. However, with modern genomic techniques demonstrating the profound negative effect antibiotics can have on the GI microbiota and the rapid emergence of resistant bacteria globally, there has been an increased focus on identifying antibiotic alternatives for use in small animal practice. Biotics, such as prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, are of growing interest due to their potential supportive effect on the microbiota. This article reviews the evidence for the use of biotics in canine and feline GI disease, highlighting how judicious use of antibiotics and targeted probiotic supplementation can enhance patient outcomes by promoting a balanced gut microbial environment.
Paroxysmal and micro‐atrial fibrillation in a dog
Authors: Korzybska Ewelina , Warwick Harry , Dutton Emily 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMicro‐atrial fibrillation is a novel term in veterinary medicine. In human medical literature, it has been described as having characteristics of atrial fibrillation, but lasting less than 30 seconds with a sudden onset and offset, with episodes of five or more consecutive supraventricular premature complexes. This case report describes the clinical presentation, investigations and treatment of an 11‐year‐old Border terrier, and focuses on the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation and discussion of case management. The aim of this case report is to make readers aware of the definition and diagnosis of micro‐atrial fibrillation.
An Introduction to the Submerged Prehistoric Pile-Dwelling in Zambratija Bay on the Croatian Adriatic Coast
Authors: Jerbić Katarina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSince its discovery in 2008, the submergedprehistoric pile-dwelling in Zambratija Bay has been a subject of handful discussions and papers. Although several small-scale surveys and test excavations were performed on the site immediately after the original discovery, targeted research has not been done there until 2017 as part of a small individual Ph.D. project, executed by the author of this paper. The aims of the paper are twofold: (1) to present preliminary data that was available prior to commencing the aforementioned Ph.D. and (2) to justify the fieldwork methods chosen for the Ph.D., which was successfully finished in 2020.
The Lakeside Settlement of Sovjan (Southeastern Albania) During the Bronze Age in the Light of New Chronological Data
Authors: Touchais Gilles , Oberweiler Cécile , Lera Petrika 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWhile preparing the final publication of the excavations carried out on the prehistoric lakeside settlement of Sovjan (1993–2006), during the last years, we have undertaken (1) the complete re-examination of the stratigraphic data, (2) the detailed study of the pottery of the Bronze and Iron Age levels, and (3) the realisation of new absolute dates, by radiocarbon and even more so by dendrochronology. The latter is based on the analysis of a series of wood samples taken during the partial reopening of the excavation trench in 2018. From all these data, the relative and absolute chronological sequence of Sovjan could be completed, corrected, and updated, and the successive phases of human occupation synchronised with environmental change. As the most significant updates concern the Bronze Age, the present paper focuses on the definitive chronological sequence of this period and summarises the main related data.
Neolithic Lake Settlements in Western Macedonia, Greece: New Evidence from Dispilio and Amindeon Basin
Authors: Kotsakis Kostas , Giagkoulis Tryfon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe discovery and investigation of Neolithic habitations established in marginal zones of West Macedonialakesand marshes constituted an exceptional occasion for Greek prehistoric archaeology. The distinctive site-formation processes and the uniqueness of the preserved organic materials posed unprecedented practical, methodological, and interpretive challenges, offering at the same time new potentials for the study of the communities’ diachronic development. The present paper summarises the research results derived from the Rescue Excavations Project in the Four Lakes Region (Amindeon Basin) and the latest data from the ongoing study by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH) of the Dispiliolakesettlementin the framework of the ERC-funded EXPLO project. The aim is to codify and evaluate the available information about the chronology of the habitations, their location in specific environmental settings, and the evidence regarding the construction and organisation of their built space. Subsequently, these characteristics are juxtaposed with documented parallels from the neighbouring areas to contextualise the specific attributes of the wetlands into the regional Neolithic. This comparative approach allows us to consider to what degree the wetland habitations constitute a unique phenomenon, or they are simply one of the diverse manifestations of the Western Macedonia Neolithic developed for specific—so far not detectable—reasons.
Prehistoric Wetland Settlements of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
Authors: Ballmer Ariane , Dimitrov Kalin , Prahov Nayden , Georgiev Pavel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlong Bulgaria’s Black Seacoast, a series of settlement remains from the Eneolithic and Early Bronze Age have been preserved underwater and in marshy environments. A few of them seem originally to have been terrestrial settlements which were flooded and abandoned when the level of the Black Sea rose, while others were actual wetland settlements. Specific remains of ‘pile-dwelling’ architecture have been found, for example, at sites in the Varna Lakes area, in Sozopol harbour, and at Ropotamo and Urdoviza. As well as drawing parallels with the pan-European phenomenon of pile-dwellings, the paper examines the broader significance of the Bulgarian wetland settlements, including their complex interrelationship with the water system and their role in the overall cultural landscape at the time of their occupation.
Characteristics of the Inclusion of Indigenous Peoples in the School System
Authors: Madrid Tito , Arias-Gutiérrez Ruth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chapter illustrates the trends in access to higher education based on the right to education for Indigenous populations, and the problems faced by students who self-identify as belonging to Indigenous Peoples and Nationalities during the previous educational levels. The socio-economic changes in Indigenous populations of the Ecuadorian Amazon are diagnosed, including their integration into the capitalist market economy driven by oil exploitation and colonization. The role of other economic sectors and the inclusion of Indigenous students in the school system are explored through indicators such as the net attendance rate in early, primary, and secondary education, school dropout rates, and repetition rates. Reports redacted by the National Institute of Educational Evaluation (Instituto Nacional de Evaluación Educativa, INEVAL) are considered for a prospective analysis.
Intercultural Education and Agency of Indigenous Communities: A View from the Sapara Territory
Authors: Kaukonen Lindholm Riikka , Ushigua Mariano 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEthnographic analysis of education conducted within the territory of the Sapara nationality, the smallest among the Indigenous nationalities recognized within the plurinational state of Ecuador. The problems and possibilities of accessing education and the ensuing negotiation between Indigenous and Western knowledge systems are examined, particularly in remote regions of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Additionally, the agency of community members in their attempt to build a higher quality education for themselves is illustrated despite substantial problems present in the entire school system. In fact, despite overall investment in education in Ecuador, the state is not adequately investing in promoting quality education within Sapara territory, as evidenced by the lack of opportunities to attend schooling including official instruction in the Sapara language. This poses a serious threat to the survival of their language and culture.
Indigenous Young People’s Access to Schools in the Province of Pastaza
Authors: Hohenthal Johanna , Arias-Gutiérrez Ruth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the travel modes and duration of school journeys for Indigenous and mestizo students in upper secondary schools located in both urban and rural areas of the Pastaza province. It also examines the students’ experiences during their journeys to school in different environments. Finally, it analyses the waking-up times of students on school days and discusses their relation to the duration of the journey to school and the need to perform household chores in the morning before going to school. The study uses statistical analyses to extract differences between schools, Indigenous and mestizo students, and genders.
Educational Experiential Calendars: Creating Links Between Indigenous Communities and High School
Authors: Veintie Tuija , Sirén Anders , Minoia Paola 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMany Indigenous peoples have elaborated calendars that reflect the agricultural, festive, or ritual aspects of Indigenous cosmology, family, community, and organization of time and space. This chapter focuses on educational experiential calendars developed in intercultural bilingual schools in Ecuador. The field study was conducted in the Amazonian province of Pastaza. The chapter first presents the elements of the calendars and how they represent the epistemology and ecological and cultural knowledge of the Amazonian Kichwa and Shuar nationalities. Thereafter, the chapter explores the process of developing the calendars in the schools studied. The chapter concludes that, if constructed in intergenerational and intercultural dialogue, these calendars can serve as a useful pedagogical tool, and contribute to the revitalization of Indigenous knowledge.
Relatedness for Wellbeing
Authors: Hargreaves Eleanore , Buchanan Denise , Quick Laura 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter lays out how our life-histories suggested that an increased Sense of Relatedness could influence a child’s trajectory towards wellbeing. This accords with the recent research literature, reported in this chapter, which supports the links between Sense of Competence, Sense of Relatedness and wellbeing. By Sense of Relatedness, we mean a child having a sense of belongingness and/or connectedness to group/others, having a sense of purpose and a vision of potential benefit with and for the group. It can entail feeling respected, having good status, being valued, experiences of closeness, warmth, respect, value, acceptance, trust, participation, cooperation and/or care. The life-histories indicated the particular importance of friendships for children with a low Sense of Competence. Many of the CLIPS children described troubled relationships within schooling and a sense of alienation. This seemed to be exacerbated by a possibly lowered Sense of Competence as ‘lower-attainers’, which made relationships more tricky in various ways, including by being kept in class during playtimes to finish work and being split up from friends by Attainment Grouping. Despite the clear link between Sense of Relatedness and wellbeing, both in our data and in recent academic literature, it appeared that it was not systemically recognised as playing the key role it manifestly did for some children.
Project Case: Secure Skilled Labour in Elderly Care—A Sustainable German-Vietnamese Approach
Authors: Krins Florian 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGermany is facing an alarming shortage of qualified nurses in the health and geriatric care sector. Experts estimate that, due to demographic change, the number of people requiring care in Germany will increase from the current level of about 2.3 million to approximately 3.4 million in 2030. The Federal Employment Agency (BA) have already observed a severe shortage of fully qualified (geriatric) nurses and are warning of an impending acute shortage of nursing staff. This shortage cannot be covered in the medium or long term by nurses in Germany itself. At the same time, many young people from abroad are keen to take up training and a subsequent period of work spent in Germany. Vietnam has a very young population yet falls far short of employing its entire potential workforce in its labor market.
Adapting Cities to Demographic Challenges of Ageing: A Review of the Political Landscape and Approaches in China and Germany
Authors: Peters Marie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe rate of ageing is increasing among Germany and China’s populations. This trend is especially apparent in the countries’ urban centres, which face hurdles to adapt to this demographic shift. Whereas technical standards for primarily infrastructural adjustments are already in place or in development, their application as well as the social integration of the elderly remains an even greater challenge. Both countries have acknowledged this challenge and are restructuring their institutional landscape, adding new responsibilities, tasks and drafting political guiding documents. This article introduces the institutional landscapes and political approaches as well as innovative solutions on the local level which can all promote age-appropriate cities. This article argues that complex institutional landscapes are vital to address the multi-layered issue but notes that they also risk fragmentation and developing poorly integrated approaches. Thus, the chapter presents that boosting multi-sectoral and multi-actor cooperation on all levels to be the most suitable approach to sufficiently prepare cities for the ageing society.
Thoughts on China’s Long-Term Care Development Policy
Authors: Wu Xiaolan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the context of an ageing population, a prevalence of chronic diseases, health issues causing further impediments, and the shrinking of family structures, the development of long-term care has become an important social issue. This report takes a systematic look at policy evolution and the development of long-term care in China, to clarify the attributes and fundamental role long-term care plays in the development of elderly care services, as well as the importance of implementing a comprehensive plan with relevant and coherent infrastructure, consolidating the legal environment, policy and associated recommendations, so as to promote the healthy and rapid development of long-term care.