bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetable intake in Australian children and adolescents: the importance of consumption frequency, eating occasion and its association with dietary and sociodemographic factors
Authors: Fayet-Moore Flavia , McConnell Andrew , Cassettari Tim , Tuck Kate , Petocz Peter , Kim Jean 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:We aimed to profile vegetable consumption and its association with dietary and sociodemographic factors.Design:Secondary analysis of a nationally representative nutrition survey. ‘Vegetables’ refers to non-discretionary ‘vegetables and legumes/beans’ as defined by the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG). Prevalence of vegetable consumption, frequency of intake, proportion meeting ADG recommendations, most popular food groups, intake at each reported eating occasion, and the profile of high and low vegetable consumers (based on the median servings) were determined.Setting:Australian 2011–2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.Participants:Children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years (n2812).Results:Vegetables were consumed by 83·0% (95% CI 81·6, 84·4%) of participants, but the median vegetable servings was less than a third of the ADG recommendations. ‘Leaf and stalk vegetables’ and ‘potatoes’ were the most popular vegetable-dense food groups at lunch and dinner, respectively. Sixty-four percent had vegetables once a day, and predominantly at dinner. Vegetable frequency was positively associated with daily vegetable servings and variety. Participants who consumed vegetables twice a day generally had vegetables at both lunch and dinner and had nearly double the servings (2·6,sd1·9) of those who consumed them once (1·5,sd1·5). High vegetable consumers were older, had higher total energy, but lower discretionary energy intake and were less likely to be at risk of metabolic complications.Conclusion:Increasing the frequency of vegetable consumption may assist with increasing daily vegetable servings. A focus on consuming vegetables at lunch may assist with increasing both total servings and variety.
Catholic Intellectuals and the Invention of Pluralism in France
Authors: Jones H. S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article traces the invention of pluralist political language in France to a very specific ideological source: Jacques Maritain, Emmanuel Mounier, and the progressive Catholic circles that gathered around the journalEspritin the 1930s. It shows that the dialogue with the émigré Russian Jewish sociologist Georges Gurvitch was an important influence on theEspritcircle, but also that it was Maritain rather than Gurvitch who did most to disseminate the language of pluralism. The paper thus builds on recent work according Maritain and Christian democracy a central place in the intellectual history of twentieth-century politics. It also contests the Anglo-American bias that has dominated histories of pluralism, and instead places France at the centre.
Investigation into interactions of environmental and application time effects on 2,4-D and dicamba-induced phytotoxicity and hydrogen peroxide formation
Authors: Johnston Christopher R. , Vencill William K. , Grey Timothy L. , Stanley Culpepper A. , Henry Gerald M. , Czarnota Mark A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractApplication timing and environmental factors reportedly influence the efficacy of auxinic herbicides. In resistance-prone weed species such as Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson), efficacy of auxinic herbicides recently adopted for use in resistant crops is of utmost importance to reduce selection pressure for herbicide-resistance traits. Growth chamber experiments were conducted comparing the interaction of different environmental effects with application time to determine the influence of these factors on visible phytotoxicity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) formation in A. palmeri. Temperature displayed a high degree of influence on 2,4-D and dicamba efficacy in general, with applications at the low-temperature treatment (31/20 C day/night) resulting in an increase in phytotoxicity compared with high-temperature treatments (41/30 C day/night). Application time across temperature treatments significantly affected 2,4-D–induced phytotoxicity, resulting in a ≥30% increase across rates with treatments at 4:00 PM compared with 8:00 AM. Temperature differential had a significant influence on dicamba efficacy based on visible phytotoxicity data, with a ≥46% increase with a high (37/20 C day/night) compared with a low differential (41/30 C day/night). Concentration of H2O2 in herbicide-treated plants was 34% higher under a high temperature differential compared with the low differential. Humidity treatments and application time interactions displayed undetected or inconsistent effects on visible phytotoxicity and H2O2 production. Overall, temperature-related influences seem to have the largest environmental effect on auxinic herbicides within conditions evaluated in this study. Leaf concentration of H2O2 appears to be generally correlated with phytotoxicity, providing a potentially useful tool in determining efficacy of auxinic herbicides in field settings.
Targeting the IL-1β/IL-1Ra pathways for the aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide in an ex vivo organ culture system of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Wu Xinghuo , Liao Zhiwei , Wang Kun , Hua Wenbin , Liu Xianzhe , Song Yu , Zhang Yukun , Yang Shuhua , Yang Cao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is characterized by excessive apoptosis of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and hyperactive extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism. Our previous studies revealed the relationship between human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) and NP cell apoptosis. However, the role of hIAPP aggregates in IDD has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to determine whether the accumulation of hIAPP aggregates promotes IDD progression. The aggregation of hIAPP increased in human NP tissues during IDD. The deposition of hIAPP aggravated the compression-induced IDD that promoted NP cell apoptosis and ECM degradation via IL-1β/IL-1Ra signaling in an ex vivo rat disc model. Moreover, neutralizing IL-1β augmented the protective effects of hIAPP overexpression by decreasing hIAPP aggregation in human NP cells. These results suggest that the aggregation of hIAPP promotes NP cell apoptosis and ECM degradation ex vivo and in vitro by disrupting the balance of IL-1β/IL-1Ra signaling.
Dynamical properties of elemental metabolism distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Austin Christine , Curtin Paul , Curtin Austen , Gennings Chris , Arora Manish , Tammimies Kristiina , Isaksson Johan , Willfors Charlotte , Bölte Sven 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions of overlapping etiologies and phenotypes. For ASD, we recently reported altered elemental metabolic patterns in the form of short and irregular zinc and copper cycles. Here, we extend the application of these biomarkers of prenatal and early postnatal elemental metabolism to distinguish between individuals diagnosed with ADHD and/or ASD and neurotypical controls. We recruited twins discordant for ADHD, ASD and other neurodevelopmental diagnoses from national twin studies in Sweden (N = 74) diagnosed according to DSM-5 clinical consensus and standardized psychiatric instruments. Detailed temporal profiles of exposure to 10 metals over the prenatal and early childhood periods were measured using tooth biomarkers. We used recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) to characterize properties of cyclical metabolic patterns of these metals. Regularity (determinism) and complexity (entropy) of elemental cycles was consistently reduced in ADHD for cobalt, lead, and vanadium (determinism: cobalt, β = −0.03, P = 0.017; lead, β = −0.03, P = 0.016; and vanadium, β = −0.03, P = 0.01. Entropy: cobalt, β = −0.13, P = 0.017; lead, β = −0.18, P = 0.016; and vanadium, β = −0.15, P = 0.008). Further, we found elemental pathways and dynamical features specific to ADHD vs ASD, and unique characteristics associated with ADHD/ASD combined presentation. Dysregulation of cyclical processes in elemental metabolism during prenatal and early postnatal development not only encompasses pathways shared by ADHD and ASD, but also comprise features specific to either condition.
c-Met activation leads to the establishment of a TGFβ-receptor regulatory network in bladder cancer progression
Authors: Sim Wen Jing , Iyengar Prasanna Vasudevan , Lama Dilraj , Lui Sarah Kit Leng , Ng Hsien Chun , Haviv-Shapira Lior , Domany Eytan , Kappei Dennis , Tan Tuan Zea , Saei Azad , Jaynes Patrick William , Verma Chandra Shekhar , Kumar Alan Prem , Rouanne Mathieu , Ha Hong Koo , Radulescu Camelia , ten Dijke Peter , Eichhorn Pieter Johan Adam , Thiery Jean Paul 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTreatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer remains a major clinical challenge. Aberrant HGF/c-MET upregulation and activation is frequently observed in bladder cancer correlating with cancer progression and invasion. However, the mechanisms underlying HGF/c-MET-mediated invasion in bladder cancer remains unknown. As part of a negative feedback loop SMAD7 binds to SMURF2 targeting the TGFβ receptor for degradation. Under these conditions, SMAD7 acts as a SMURF2 agonist by disrupting the intramolecular interactions within SMURF2. We demonstrate that HGF stimulates TGFβ signalling through c-SRC-mediated phosphorylation of SMURF2 resulting in loss of SMAD7 binding and enhanced SMURF2 C2-HECT interaction, inhibiting SMURF2 and enhancing TGFβ receptor stabilisation. This upregulation of the TGFβ pathway by HGF leads to TGFβ-mediated EMT and invasion. In vivo we show that TGFβ receptor inhibition prevents bladder cancer invasion. Furthermore, we make a rationale for the use of combinatorial TGFβ and MEK inhibitors for treatment of high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers.
Gigantic jet discharges evolve stepwise through the middle atmosphere
Authors: van der Velde Oscar A. , Montanyà Joan , López Jesús A. , Cummer Steven A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn 2002 it was discovered that a lightning discharge can rise out of the top of tropical thunderstorms and branch out spectacularly to the base of the ionosphere at 90 km altitude. Several dozens of such gigantic jets have been recorded or photographed since, but eluded capture by high-speed video cameras. Here we report on 4 gigantic jets recorded in Colombia at a temporal resolution of 200 µs to 1 ms. During the rising stage, one or more luminous steps are revealed at 32-40 km, before a continuous final jump of negative streamers to the ionosphere, starting in a bidirectional (bipolar) fashion. The subsequent trailing jet extends upward from the jump onset, with a current density well below that of lightning leaders. Magnetic field signals tracking the charge transfer and optical Geostationary Lightning Mapper data are now matched unambiguously to the precisely timed final jump process in a gigantic jet.
High-fat diet fuels prostate cancer progression by rewiring the metabolome and amplifying the MYC program
Authors: Labbé David P. , Zadra Giorgia , Yang Meng , Reyes Jaime M. , Lin Charles Y. , Cacciatore Stefano , Ebot Ericka M. , Creech Amanda L. , Giunchi Francesca , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Elfandy Habiba , Syamala Sudeepa , Karoly Edward D. , Alshalalfa Mohammed , Erho Nicholas , Ross Ashley , Schaeffer Edward M. , Gibb Ewan A. , Takhar Mandeep , Den Robert B. , Lehrer Jonathan , Karnes R. Jeffrey , Freedland Stephen J. , Davicioni Elai , Spratt Daniel E. , Ellis Leigh , Jaffe Jacob D. , DʼAmico Anthony V. , Kantoff Philip W. , Bradner James E. , Mucci Lorelei A. , Chavarro Jorge E. , Loda Massimo , Brown Myles 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSystemic metabolic alterations associated with increased consumption of saturated fat and obesity are linked with increased risk of prostate cancer progression and mortality, but the molecular underpinnings of this association are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate in a murine prostate cancer model, that high-fat diet (HFD) enhances the MYC transcriptional program through metabolic alterations that favour histone H4K20 hypomethylation at the promoter regions of MYC regulated genes, leading to increased cellular proliferation and tumour burden. Saturated fat intake (SFI) is also associated with an enhanced MYC transcriptional signature in prostate cancer patients. The SFI-induced MYC signature independently predicts prostate cancer progression and death. Finally, switching from a high-fat to a low-fat diet, attenuates the MYC transcriptional program in mice. Our findings suggest that in primary prostate cancer, dietary SFI contributes to tumour progression by mimicking MYC over expression, setting the stage for therapeutic approaches involving changes to the diet.
Soliton superlattices in twisted hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Ni G. X. , Wang H. , Jiang B.-Y. , Chen L. X. , Du Y. , Sun Z. Y. , Goldflam M. D. , Frenzel A. J. , Xie X. M. , Fogler M. M. , Basov D. N. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractProperties of atomic van der Waals heterostructures are profoundly influenced by interlayer coupling, which critically depends on stacking of the proximal layers. Rotational misalignment or lattice mismatch of the layers gives rise to a periodic modulation of the stacking, the moiré superlattice. Provided the superlattice period extends over many unit cells, the coupled layers undergo lattice relaxation, leading to the concentration of strain at line defects – solitons - separating large area commensurate domains. We visualize such long-range periodic superstructures in thin crystals of hexagonal boron nitride using atomic-force microscopy and nano-infrared spectroscopy. The solitons form sub-surface hexagonal networks with periods of a few hundred nanometers. We analyze the topography and infrared contrast of these networks to obtain spatial distribution of local strain and its effect on the infrared-active phonons of hBN.
BORDER proteins protect expression of neighboring genes by promoting 3′ Pol II pausing in plants
Authors: Yu Xuhong , Martin Pascal G. P. , Michaels Scott D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEnsuring that one gene’s transcription does not inappropriately affect the expression of its neighbors is a fundamental challenge to gene regulation in a genomic context. In plants, which lack homologs of animal insulator proteins, the mechanisms that prevent transcriptional interference are not well understood. Here we show that BORDER proteins are enriched in intergenic regions and prevent interference between closely spaced genes on the same strand by promoting the 3′ pausing of RNA polymerase II at the upstream gene. In the absence of BORDER proteins, 3′ pausing associated with the upstream gene is reduced and shifts into the promoter region of the downstream gene. This is consistent with a model in which BORDER proteins inhibit transcriptional interference by preventing RNA polymerase from intruding into the promoters of downstream genes.
Metabolomic adaptations and correlates of survival to immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Li Haoxin , Bullock Kevin , Gurjao Carino , Braun David , Shukla Sachet A. , Bossé Dominick , Lalani Aly-Khan A. , Gopal Shuba , Jin Chelsea , Horak Christine , Wind-Rotolo Megan , Signoretti Sabina , McDermott David F. , Freeman Gordon J. , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Schreiber Stuart L. , Stephen Hodi F. , Sellers William R. , Garraway Levi A. , Clish Clary B. , Choueiri Toni K. , Giannakis Marios 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDespite remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitors, the majority of cancer patients have yet to receive durable benefits. Here, in order to investigate the metabolic alterations in response to immune checkpoint blockade, we comprehensively profile serum metabolites in advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab, an antibody against programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1). We identify serum kynurenine/tryptophan ratio increases as an adaptive resistance mechanism associated with worse overall survival. This advocates for patient stratification and metabolic monitoring in immunotherapy clinical trials including those combining PD1 blockade with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase/tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO/TDO) inhibitors.
Photoredox-catalyzed oxo-amination of aryl cyclopropanes
Authors: Ge Liang , Wang Ding-Xing , Xing Renyi , Ma Di , Walsh Patrick J. , Feng Chao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCyclopropanes represent a class of versatile building blocks in modern organic synthesis. While the release of ring strain offers a thermodynamic driving force, the control of selectivity for C–C bond cleavage and the subsequent regiochemistry of the functionalization remains difficult, especially for unactivated cyclopropanes. Here we report a photoredox-coupled ring-opening oxo-amination of electronically unbiased cyclopropanes, which enables the expedient construction of a host of structurally diverse β-amino ketone derivatives. Through one electron oxidation, the relatively inert aryl cyclopropanes are readily converted into reactive radical cation intermediates, which in turn participate in the ensuing ring-opening functionalizations. Based on mechanistic studies, the present oxo-amination is proposed to proceed through an SN2-like nucleophilic attack/ring-opening manifold. This protocol features wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, and use of dioxygen as an oxidant both for catalyst regeneration and oxygen-incorporation. Moreover, a one-pot formal aminoacylation of olefins is described through a sequential cyclopropanation/oxo-amination.
A fiber-deprived diet disturbs the fine-scale spatial architecture of the murine colon microbiome
Authors: Riva Alessandra , Kuzyk Orest , Forsberg Erica , Siuzdak Gary , Pfann Carina , Herbold Craig , Daims Holger , Loy Alexander , Warth Benedikt , Berry David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCompartmentalization of the gut microbiota is thought to be important to system function, but the extent of spatial organization in the gut ecosystem remains poorly understood. Here, we profile the murine colonic microbiota along longitudinal and lateral axes using laser capture microdissection. We found fine-scale spatial structuring of the microbiota marked by gradients in composition and diversity along the length of the colon. Privation of fiber reduces the diversity of the microbiota and disrupts longitudinal and lateral gradients in microbiota composition. Both mucus-adjacent and luminal communities are influenced by the absence of dietary fiber, with the loss of a characteristic distal colon microbiota and a reduction in the mucosa-adjacent community, concomitant with depletion of the mucus layer. These results indicate that diet has not only global but also local effects on the composition of the gut microbiota, which may affect function and resilience differently depending on location.
Stool sampling and DNA isolation kits affect DNA quality and bacterial composition following 16S rRNA gene sequencing using MiSeq Illumina platform
Authors: Videnska Petra , Smerkova Kristyna , Zwinsova Barbora , Popovici Vlad , Micenkova Lenka , Sedlar Karel , Budinska Eva 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany studies correlate changes in human gut microbiome with the onset of various diseases, mostly by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Setting up the optimal sampling and DNA isolation procedures is crucial for robustness and reproducibility of the results. We performed a systematic comparison of several sampling and DNA isolation kits, quantified their effect on bacterial gDNA quality and the bacterial composition estimates at all taxonomic levels. Sixteen volunteers tested three sampling kits. All samples were consequently processed by two DNA isolation kits. We found that the choice of both stool sampling and DNA isolation kits have an effect on bacterial composition with respect to Gram-positivity, however the isolation kit had a stronger effect than the sampling kit. The proportion of bacteria affected by isolation and sampling kits was larger at higher taxa levels compared to lower taxa levels. The PowerLyzer PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit outperformed the QIAamp DNA Stool Mini Kit mainly due to better lysis of Gram-positive bacteria while keeping the values of all the other assessed parameters within a reasonable range. The presented effects need to be taken into account when comparing results across multiple studies or computing ratios between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Prenatal Exposure to Environmentally-Relevant Contaminants Perturbs Male Reproductive Parameters Across Multiple Generations that are Partially Protected by Folic Acid Supplementation
Authors: Lessard Maryse , Herst Pauline M. , Charest Phanie L. , Navarro Pauline , Joly-Beauparlant Charles , Droit Arnaud , Kimmins Sarah , Trasler Jacquetta , Benoit-Biancamano Marie-Odile , MacFarlane Amanda J. , Dalvai Mathieu , Bailey Janice L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe paternal environment is thought to influence sperm quality and future progeny may also be impacted. We hypothesized that prenatal exposure to environmentally-relevant contaminants impairs male reproduction, altering embryo gene expression over multiple generations. Folic acid (FA) can improve sperm quality and pregnancy outcomes, thus we further hypothesized that FA mitigates the contaminants. Sprague-Dawley F0 female rats treated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) or corn oil and fed basal or supplemented FA diets, then used to yield four generations of litters. Only F0 females received POPs and/or FA treatments. In utero POPs exposure altered sperm parameters in F1, which were partly rescued by FA supplementation. Paternal exposure to POPs reduced sperm quality in F2 males, and the fertility of F3 males was modified by both POPs and FA. Ancestral FA supplementation improved sperm parameters of F4 males, while the POPs effect diminished. Intriguingly, F3 males had the poorest pregnancy outcomes and generated the embryos with the most significantly differentially expressed genes. Early-life exposure to POPs harms male reproduction across multiple generations. FA supplementation partly mitigated the impact of POPs. The two-cell embryo transcriptome is susceptible to paternal environment and could be the foundation for later pregnancy outcomes.