bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of worker emigration on HIV epidemics in labour export areas: a molecular epidemiology investigation in Guangyuan, China
Authors: Su Ling , Liang Shu , Hou Xueqin , Zhong Ping , Wei Dongbing , Fu Yu , Ye Li , Xiong Li , Zeng Yali , Hu Ying , Yang Hong , Wu Bo , Zhang Linglin , Li Xiaoshan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the molecular epidemic characteristics and viral transmission patterns of HIV-1 in a typical labor export area, Guangyuan city, China. Based on conducting phylogenetic trees and molecular transmission networks, a phylogenetic analysis was performed on HIV-1 pol sequences obtained from 211 migrant-history workers, 83 non-migrant-history individuals, and 21 migrant-history unknown individuals between January, 2012 and February, 2017 in Guangyuan city. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CRF07_BC (48.3%, n = 152) and CRF01_AE (33.3%, n = 105) were the dominant strains in Guangyuan city, and circulated by multiple lineages with various epidemic characteristics. Geographic network analysis showed that Guangyuan city-related sequences with 20.3% CRF07_BC and 28.3% CRF01_AE were linked to that of other provinces, compared to that with 1.7% CRF07_BC and 5.0% CRF01_AE in cities of Sichuan. Molecular transmission network analysis further illustrated that migrant-history workers linked more sequences from other provinces than non-migrant-history individuals in both CRF07_BC (29.3% versus 0.0%, P = 0.013) and CRF01_AE (40.5% versus 10.0%, P = 0.001) networks. Our results highlighted that migrant-history workers in recent year played a vital role in fueling HIV-1 epidemic in Guangyuan city. Molecular transmission network analysis could be a useful approach for disclosing the transmission mechanism of HIV, which should be used in prevention and intervention efforts.
MRI Compatibility: Automatic Brain Shunt Valve Recognition using Feature Engineering and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Giancardo Luca , Arevalo Octavio , Tenreiro Andrea , Riascos Roy , Bonfante Eliana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate whether we could develop a machine learning method to distinguish models of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valves (CSF-SVs) from their appearance in clinical X-rays. This is an essential component of an automatic MRI safety system based on X-ray imaging. To this end, a retrospective observational study using 416 skull X-rays from unique subjects retrieved from a clinical PACS system was performed. Each image included a CSF-SV representing the most common brands of programmable shunt valves currently used in US which were split into five different classes. We compared four machine learning pipelines: two based on engineered image features (Local Binary Patterns and Histogram of Oriented Gradients) and two based on features learned by a deep convolutional neural network architecture. Performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score. Confidence intervals are computed with non-parametric bootstrap procedures. Our best performing method identified the valve type correctly 96% [CI 94–98%] of the time (CI: confidence intervals, precision 0.96, recall 0.96, f1-score 0.96), tested using a stratified cross-validation approach to avoid chances of overfitting. The machine learning pipelines based on deep convolutional neural networks showed significantly better performance than the ones based on engineered image features (mean accuracy 95–96% vs. 56–64%). This study shows the feasibility of automatically distinguishing CSF-SVs using clinical X-rays and deep convolutional neural networks. This finding is the first step towards an automatic MRI safety system for implantable devices which could decrease the number of patients that experience denials or delays of their MRI examinations.
New insights into tomato microRNAs
Authors: Cardoso Thaís Cunha de Sousa , Alves Tamires Caixeta , Caneschi Carolina Milagres , Santana Douglas dos Reis Gomes , Fernandes-Brum Christiane Noronha , Reis Gabriel Lasmar Dos , Daude Matheus Martins , Ribeiro Thales Henrique Cherubino , Gómez Miguel Maurício Díaz , Lima André Almeida , Gomes Luiz Antônio Augusto , Gomes Marcos de Souza , Gandolfi Peterson Elizandro , Amaral Laurence Rodrigues do , Chalfun-Júnior Antonio , Maluf Wilson Roberto , de Souza Gomes Matheus 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCultivated tomato,Solanum lycopersicum, is one of the most common fruits in the global food industry. Together with the wild tomatoSolanum pennellii, it is widely used for developing better cultivars. MicroRNAs affect mRNA regulation, inhibiting its translation and/or promoting its degradation. Important proteins involved in these processes are ARGONAUTE and DICER. This study aimed to identify and characterize the genes involved in the miRNA processing pathway, miRNA molecules and target genes in both species. We validated the presence of pathway genes and miRNA in different NGS libraries and 6 miRNA families using quantitative RT-PCR. We identified 71 putative proteinsin S.lycopersicumand 108 inS.pennelliilikely involved in small RNAs processing. Of these, 29 and 32 participate in miRNA processing pathways, respectively. We identified 343 mature miRNAs, 226 pre-miRNAs in 87 families, including 192 miRNAs, which were not previously identified, belonging to 38 new families inS.lycopersicum. InS.pennellii, we found 388 mature miRNAs and 234 pre-miRNAs contained in 85 families. All miRNAs found inS.pennelliiwere unpublished, being identified for the first time in our study. Furthermore, we identified 2471 and 3462 different miRNA target inS. lycopersicumandS.pennellii, respectively.
Injection locking of multiple auto-oscillation modes in a tapered nanowire spin Hall oscillator
Authors: Wagner Kai , Smith Andrew , Hache Toni , Chen Jen-Ru , Yang Liu , Montoya Eric , Schultheiss Katrin , Lindner Jürgen , Fassbender Jürgen , Krivorotov Ilya , Schultheiss Helmut 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpin Hall oscillators (SHO) are promising candidates for the generation, detection and amplification of high frequency signals, that are tunable through a wide range of operating frequencies. They offer to be read out electrically, magnetically and optically in combination with a simple bilayer design. Here, we experimentally study the spatial dependence and spectral properties of auto-oscillations in SHO devices based on Pt(7 nm)/Ni80Fe20(5 nm) tapered nanowires. Using Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we observe two individual self-localized spin-wave bullets that oscillate at two distinct frequencies (5.2 GHz and 5.45 GHz) and are localized at different positions separated by about 750 nm within the SHO. This state of a tapered SHO has been predicted by a Ginzburg-Landau auto-oscillator model, but not yet been directly confirmed experimentally. We demonstrate that the observed bullets can be individually synchronized to external microwave signals, leading to a frequency entrainment, linewidth reduction and increase in oscillation amplitude for the bullet that is selected by the microwave frequency. At the same time, the amplitude of other parasitic modes decreases, which promotes the single-mode operation of the SHO. Finally, the synchronization of the spin-wave bullets is studied as a function of the microwave power. We believe that our findings promote the realization of extended spin Hall oscillators accomodating several distinct spin-wave bullets, that jointly cover an extended range of tunability.
A novel somatic mutation of SIN3A detected in breast cancer by whole-exome sequencing enhances cell proliferation through ERα expression
Authors: Watanabe Kenji , Yamamoto Shigeru , Sakaguti Syuiti , Isayama Keishiro , Oka Masaaki , Nagano Hiroaki , Mizukami Yoichi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBreast cancer is the most frequent tumor in women, and in nearly two-thirds of cases, the tumors express estrogen receptor α (ERα, encoded by ESR1). Here, we performed whole-exome sequencing of 16 breast cancer tissues classified according to ESR1 expression and 12 samples of whole blood, and detected 310 somatic mutations in cancer tissues with high levels of ESR1 expression. Of the somatic mutations validated by a different deep sequencer, a novel nonsense somatic mutation, c.2830 C>T; p.Gln944*, in transcriptional regulator switch-independent 3 family member A (SIN3A) was detected in breast cancer of a patient. Part of the mutant protein localized in the cytoplasm in contrast to the nuclear localization of ERα, and induced a significant increase in ESR1 mRNA. The SIN3A mutation obviously enhanced MCF7 cell proliferation. In tissue sections from the breast cancer patient with the SIN3A c.2830 C>T mutation, cytoplasmic SIN3A localization was detected within the tumor regions where nuclear enlargement was observed. The reduction in SIN3A mRNA correlates with the recurrence of ER-positive breast cancers on Kaplan-Meier plots. These observations reveal that the SIN3A mutation has lost its transcriptional repression function due to its cytoplasmic localization, and that this repression may contribute to the progression of breast cancer.
Strong-correlated behavior of 4f electrons and 4f5d hybridization in PrO2
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Meng Junling , Yao Fen , Liu Xiaojuan , Meng Jian , Zhang Hongjie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBringing oxygen atoms from infinite, passing equilibrium until short enough distances, we aim to reveal the 4f5d electron bonding property and its relevance to the peculiar physical properties within PrO2 based on both accounting for electron Coulomb repulsion and spin-orbit coupling effects in combination with Wannier function methods. The microscopic mechanism of static Janh-Teller distortions and the physical insight into the dynamic Jahn-Teller effects are clarified. Peculiarly, the magnetic coupling is suggested to be via 4f-5d-O2p-5d-4f pathway in PrO2, and the coupling between spin and orbital ordering of 4f electrons is for the first time disclosed. The 5d orbitals, hybridized with 4f electrons, are found to play important roles in these processes.
Effect of biocompatible nucleants in rapid crystallization of natural amino acids using a CW Nd:YAG laser
Authors: Thippeshappa Shilpa , George Sajan D. , Bankapur Aseefhali , Chidangil Santhosh , Mathur Deepak , Abdul Salam Abdul Ajees 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLaser-induced crystallization is emerging as an alternative technique to crystallize biomolecules. However, its applications are limited to specific small molecules and some simple proteins, possibly because of the need to use high-intensity, pulsed lasers and relatively long laser irradiation time. Both these factors tend to denature biological molecules. If the laser-intensity and time required to crystallize biomolecules were to be reduced, laser-induced crystallization may well become of widespread utility. We report here the crystallization of nineteen natural amino acids by a laser-induced method in combination with one of three nucleants: aluminum, coconut coir, and peacock feather barbule. We have utilized a low-power, continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm). The advantages of our method are (i) the use of very small laser powers (60 mW), and (ii) the ability to obtain diffraction quality crystals within a mere few seconds. For most amino acids our method yields several orders of magnitude reduction in crystallization time. The use of biocompatible nucleants like coir fibres and peacock feather barbules are novel; their non-toxic nature may find broad applicability in rapid crystallization of diverse biological molecules.
Evolution favours aging in populations with assortative mating and in sexually dimorphic populations
Authors: Lenart Peter , Bienertová-Vašků Julie , Berec Luděk 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince aging seems omnipresent, many authors regard it as an inevitable consequence of the laws of physics. However, recent research has conclusively shown that some organisms do not age, or at least do not age on a scale comparable with other aging organisms. This begets the question why aging evolved in some organisms yet not in others. Here we present a simulation model of competition between aging and non-aging individuals in a sexually reproducing population. We find that the aging individuals may outcompete the non-aging ones if they have a sufficiently but not excessively higher initial fecundity or if individuals mate assortatively with respect to their own phenotype. Furthermore, the aging phenotype outcompetes the non-aging one or resists dominance of the latter for a longer period in populations composed of genuine males and females compared to populations of simultaneous hermaphrodites. Finally, whereas sterilizing parasites promote non-aging, the effect of mortality-enhancing parasites is to enable longer persistence of the aging phenotype relative to when parasites are absent. Since the aging individuals replace the non-aging ones in diverse scenarios commonly found in nature, our study provides important insights into why aging has evolved in most, but not all organisms.
Upwelling jet separation in the California Current System
Authors: Castelao Renato M. , Luo Hao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe California Current System is characterized by summertime wind-driven upwelling, high biological productivity, and an intense equatorward upwelling jet. The upwelling jet is generally located close to shore to the north of Cape Blanco (43°N), but it separates from the coast at the cape during summer extending farther offshore downstream of the separation point. Jet separation results in a wider region influenced by cold, nutrient-rich upwelled waters, strongly affecting biological productivity, mesoscale activity, and air-sea interactions. Flow-topography interactions are thought to play a dominant role in jet separation. Here, we use a high-resolution ocean model to show that the wind stress curl is a dominant forcing controlling jet separation, and that separation can occur independently of flow-topography interactions. While jet separation occurs in simulations with realistic wind stress curl and modified topography with no submarine banks or capes, jet separation is substantially reduced when the wind stress curl is removed, even in the presence of realistic topography. This novel insight indicates that future changes in winds, as the predicted delay in the seasonal development of wind stress curl intensifications, may result in substantial changes in ocean circulation in the California Current System.
Effect of Macular Vascular Density on Central Visual Function and Macular Structure in Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Jeon Soo Ji , Park Hae-Young Lopilly , Park Chan Kee 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn patients with glaucomatous parafoveal scotoma, evidence of compromised vascular circulation was commonly seen. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between macular vascular density (VD) and central visual function and structure in glaucoma patients. We enrolled 46 eyes of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients with parafoveal scotoma. All subjects underwent measurement of segmented macular thickness in each layer and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to assess VD of macula. Correlation coefficients of VD with structural parameters were identified and multivariate regression analyses were performed to verify factors affecting the MD of SITA 10-2. Superficial VD in NFL, GCL and IPL showed significant correlation with thickness of those layers, but deep VD in INL did not show meaningful correlation with any structural parameters. However, deep VD showed significant correlations with central visual field parameters such as MD of SITA 10-2. By multivariate regression analysis, the significant factors affecting central visual function were deep VD. Different multivariate regression models including segmented macular thicknesses were compared and R2 value was best for the model with deep VD, not containing superficial VD (R2 = 0.326, p = 0.001). Assigning subjects as worse or better visual functional group using regression line, deep VD of worse functional group was significantly lower than that of better group. In couclusion, decreased deep VD was an independent risk factor for central scotoma in addition to structural thinning. Taking both macular thickness and vascular circulation into acount, the deterioration of central visual function could be predicted more precisely.
Functional Variant in the GCKR Gene Affects Lactate Levels Differentially in the Fasting State and During Hyperglycemia
Authors: López Rodríguez Maykel , Fernandes Silva Lilian , Vangipurapu Jagadish , Modi Shalem , Kuusisto Johanna , Kaikkonen Minna U. , Laakso Markku 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe rs780094 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; C/T) of glucokinase regulatory protein gene (GCKR) is a regulatory genetic variant that has been associated with lactate levels in the fasting state. However, the association of this locus with lactate during hyperglycemia, and the mechanisms underlying these associations remain unknown. We investigated the association of rs780094 with lactate levels in a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test in humans and evaluated the effect of increasing GCKR expression on lactate production in liver cells. The C allele of rs780094 was associated with lower lactate levels in fasting but increased lactate level during hyperglycemia independently of insulin levels. Increased expression of GKRP induced higher lactate level in HepG2 cells and in human primary hepatocytes (HPH) upon glucose stimulation by increasing the amount of GCK. Glucagon induced the expression of GCKR in HepG2 and HPH cells. Our results suggest that the association of rs780094 with lactate levels may involve differential GCKR expression between the carriers of the C and T alleles.
Inhibited corneal neovascularization in rabbits following corneal alkali burn by double-target interference for VEGF and HIF-1α
Authors: Fu Ying-Cong , Xin Zhi-Ming 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α has been observed in corneal neovascularization (CNV). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the most well-known angiogenic factors in CNV, is under the regulation of HIF-1. The present study aims to investigate the synergistic effects of VEGF and HIF-1α gene silencing on alkali burn-induced CNV in rabbits. The models of rabbits in corneal alkali burn were established. SiRNA recombinant adenovirus was used to explore the synergistic effects of VEGF and HIF-1α gene silencing on alkali burn-induced CNV. CNV area and ultrastructure of cornea were observed. The expression of VEGF and HIF-1α was detected. CNV was observed in rabbits following alkali burn. In addition, overexpressed VEGF and HIF-1α was also observed in rabbits following alkali burn. Then, silencing HIF-1α or silencing VEGF decreased area of CNV, inhibited neovascularization and improved pathological changes, while double-target interference for VEGF and HIF-1α decreased area of CNV inhibited neovascularization, and improved pathological changes to a greater extent. Our study provides evidences emphasizing the distinct notion that VEGF and HIF-1α play the contributory role in alkali burn-induced CNV as a result of double-target interference for VEGF and HIF-1α inhibiting CNV in rabbits following corneal alkali burn.
Ground vehicle target signature identification with cognitive automotive radar using 24–25 and 76–77 GHz bands
Authors: Tan Qinling Jeanette Olivia , Romero Ric A. 
Published: October 2018

The authors present cognitive automotive radar (CARr) as a significant capability to the sensing technology suite of autonomous driving vehicles. CARr is a closed‐loop intelligent radar system utilising the automotive frequency bands of 24–25 and 76–77 GHz for the purposes of ground vehicle target signature identification. The authors consider specific cases of ground vehicle recognition and ground vehicle class identification in the presence of aspect angle uncertainty using forward‐looking automotive radar. The transmit‐adaptive waveforms are based from signal‐to‐noise ratio and mutual information optimisation metrics. In this study, two new adaptive waveform techniques with the flexibility to accommodate angular uncertainty probability distributions are introduced. The classification performance of these new waveforms is compared against the receive‐adaptive wideband pulsed and other transmit‐adaptive waveforms in the presence of angular uncertainties characterised by the uniform and truncated normal distributions. To ensure the validity of results, high‐fidelity electromagnetic simulated radar cross‐section signatures generated from scaled‐to‐true‐physical‐size ground vehicle computer‐aided design models are utilised.
Analysis for DC transmission line harmonics originated from AC transformer inrush current and improved method for DC harmonic protection
Authors: Cao Wenbin , Yin Xinaggen , Qi Xuanwei , Wang Yuxue , Liu Wei , Pan Yuanlin 
Published: October 2018

Large‐scale electricity has fed into Central and Southern China through DC transmission lines. Any one of the DC transmission lines suddenly outage will result in a large proportion of power‐shortage. Recently, there are many DC harmonic protection misoperations caused by AC disturbance, resulting in DC transmission line exit operation. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the effect of AC disturbance on DC harmonics and study methods for DC harmonic protections. In this study, based on the theory of switching function, the harmonics interaction in AC–DC systems is studied. The cause of DC line harmonic protection misoperation during unusual AC disturbances, such as inrush current and short circuit, is revealed. The DC line 50 Hz harmonic protection misoperates frequently due to inrush current on site. Taking it for example, an improved method using the second harmonic voltage in AC system bus is proposed. In this method, the 50 Hz harmonics generated by inrush current can be accurately identified by judging the correlation between the AC harmonic voltage and the DC line harmonic current. By automatically adjusting the threshold value of protection, the misoperation can be prevented effectively without affecting the original protection performance. The simulation results verify the correctness of the method.
Study on the lightning overvoltage protection of a 500 kV unified power flow controller station
Authors: Ding Ting , Tao Fengbo , He Hengxin , Zhong Jiqun , He Junjia , He Huiwen 
Published: October 2018

The unified power flow controller (UPFC) is the third generation of flexible AC transmission systems. It can control the power flow and voltage of the power system quickly and flexibly that has an advantage in compensating the AC transmission system in real time. The world's first 500 kV UPFC project is under construction in Jiangsu Province of China. On the paralleled converter side, it is connected to the 500 kV Mudu substation by using a gas insulated transmission line, and the series converter side is connected to the 500 kV Meili substation through a 500 kV double‐circuit overhead transmission line. In order to optimise insulation design of the UPFC system and ensure the safety operation of the power system, it is essential to analyse the characteristics of lightning overvoltage. Considering the invaded path of lightning surges in the UPFC system, a detailed model was established by using Electro‐Magnetic Transient Program/Alternative Transients Program in this study. The lightning overvoltage level at key nodes of the UPFC system was presented. The check calculation for the configuration and protection level of ZnO arresters were also carried out. The obtained results can provide a reference for insulation coordination design of the 500 kV UPFC project.