bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive blood transfusion in relation to delivery: incidence, trends and risk factors: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Thurn L , Wikman A , Westgren M , Lindqvist PG 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate incidence, trends over time, and risk factors for massive blood transfusions in obstetric patients. A secondary aim was to evaluate transfusion ratios in relation to massive transfusion.DesignPopulation‐based cohort.SettingFive hospitals, in the Stockholm County, Sweden, from 1990 to 2011.PopulationAll women that gave birth in Stockholm county, Sweden, and who received blood transfusions postpartum between 1990 and 2011.MethodsData on pregnancies and deliveries from the Swedish National Medical Birth Registry was cross‐linked to the Stockholm transfusion database. Massive blood transfusion was defined as the transfusion of ≥10 units of red blood cells from partus through the next day.Main outcome measuresMain primary outcome was massive blood transfusion postpartum.ResultsOur cohort comprised 517 874 deliveries. Massive blood transfusion occurred in 277 women, for an incidence of 5.3 per 10 000 deliveries, and increased by 30% (P < 0.001) between the first and the second half of the study period. Major risk factors apparent before delivery were abnormal placentation (odds ratio [OR] 41; 95% CI 29.3–58.1), pre‐eclampsia/placental abruption (OR 4; 95% CI 2.8–5.6), and previous caesarean delivery (OR 4; 95% CI 3.1–6.0). Risk factors at time of delivery were uterine rupture, atonic uterus, and caesarean delivery (OR 38, 17, and 3, respectively).ConclusionWe found an increasing trend in the postpartum rate of massive transfusion. Women with abnormal placentation were found to have the highest increased risk. Improved antenatal awareness of these women at risk might improve management and reduce the rate of massive transfusion.Tweetable abstractRisk of massive blood transfusion in obstetric patients increases with placental complications and prior caesarean section.
Incorporating phylogenetic metrics to microbial co‐occurrence networks based on amplicon sequences to discern community assembly processes
Authors: Goberna Marta , Montesinos‐Navarro Alicia , Valiente‐Banuet Alfonso , Colin Yannick , Gómez‐Fernández Alicia , Donat Santiago , Navarro‐Cano Jose A. , Verdú Miguel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCo‐occurrence network analysis based on amplicon sequences is increasingly used to study microbial communities. Patterns of co‐existence or mutual exclusion between pairs of taxa are often interpreted as reflecting positive or negative biological interactions. However, other assembly processes can underlie these patterns, including species failure to reach distant areas (dispersal limitation) and tolerate local environmental conditions (habitat filtering). We provide a tool to quantify the relative contribution of community assembly processes to microbial co‐occurrence patterns, which we applied to explore soil bacterial communities in two dry ecosystems. First, we sequenced a bacterial phylogenetic marker in soils collected across multiple plots. Second, we inferred co‐occurrence networks to identify pairs of significantly associated taxa, either co‐existing more (aggregated) or less often (segregated) than expected at random. Third, we assigned assembly processes to each pair: patterns explained based on spatial or environmental distance were ascribed to dispersal limitation (2%–4%) or habitat filtering (55%–77%), and the remaining to biological interactions. Finally, we calculated the phylogenetic distance between taxon pairs to test theoretical expectations on the linkages between phylogenetic patterns and assembly processes. Aggregated pairs were more closely related than segregated pairs. Furthermore, habitat‐filtered aggregated pairs were closer relatives than those assigned to positive interactions, consistent with phylogenetic niche conservatism and cooperativism among distantly related taxa. Negative interactions resulted in equivocal phylogenetic signatures, probably because different competitive processes leave opposing signals. We show that microbial co‐occurrence networks mainly reflect environmental tolerances and propose that incorporating measures of phylogenetic relatedness to networks might help elucidate ecologically meaningful patterns.
Genotyping‐in‐Thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq) panel development and application to minimally invasive DNA samples to support studies in molecular ecology
Authors: Schmidt Danielle A. , Campbell Nathan R. , Govindarajulu Purnima , Larsen Karl W. , Russello Michael A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMinimally invasive sampling (MIS) is widespread in wildlife studies; however, its utility for massively parallel DNA sequencing (MPS) is limited. Poor sample quality and contamination by exogenous DNA can make MIS challenging to use with modern genotyping‐by‐sequencing approaches, which have been traditionally developed for high‐quality DNA sources. Given that MIS is often more appropriate in many contexts, there is a need to make such samples practical for harnessing MPS. Here, we test the ability for Genotyping‐in‐Thousands by sequencing (GT‐seq), a multiplex amplicon sequencing approach, to effectively genotype minimally invasive cloacal DNA samples collected from the Western Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus), a threatened species in British Columbia, Canada. As there was no previous genetic information for this species, an optimized panel of 362 SNPs was selected for use with GT‐seq from a de novo restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) assembly. Comparisons of genotypes generated within and among RADseq and GT‐seq for the same individuals found low rates of genotyping error (GT‐seq: 0.50%; RADseq: 0.80%) and discordance (2.57%), the latter likely due to the different genotype calling models employed. GT‐seq mean genotype discordance between blood and cloacal swab samples collected from the same individuals was also minimal (1.37%). Estimates of population diversity parameters were similar across GT‐seq and RADseq data sets, as were inferred patterns of population structure. Overall, GT‐seq can be effectively applied to low‐quality DNA samples, minimizing the inefficiencies presented by exogenous DNA typically found in minimally invasive samples and continuing the expansion of molecular ecology and conservation genetics in the genomics era.
The Party's Primary Preferences: Race, Gender, and Party Support of Congressional Primary Candidates
Authors: Hassell Hans J.G. , Visalvanich Neil 
Published: September 2019

AbstractParty support has a strong influence on candidate success in the primary. What remains unexplored is whether party actions during the primary are biased along racial and gender lines. Using candidate demographic data at the congressional level and measures of party support for primary candidates, we test whether parties discriminate against women and minority candidates in congressional primaries and also whether parties are strategic in their support of minority candidates in certain primaries. Our findings show parties are not biased against minority candidates and also that white women candidates receive more support from the Democratic Party than do other types of candidates. Our findings also suggest that parties do not appear to strategically support minority candidates in districts with larger populations of minorities. Lastly, we also find no significant differences in the effects of party support on the likelihood of success in the primary by candidate race or gender.
Reciprocal Repossession: Property as Land in Urban Australia
Authors: Blatman‐Thomas Naama 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRepossession of land by Indigenous people is commonly understood as a legal act that unfolds within the confines of state apparatuses. But for many Indigenous urbanites, legal repossession is both impossible and irrelevant due to their histories of dispossession and dislocation. Moreover, while land repossession in Australia is predominantly non‐urban, I demonstrate that land is also reclaimed within cities. Urban repossession of land, considered here as reciprocal rather than legal, challenges the model of private ownership by asserting a territorially transferable relationship to property as land. The order of property entrenches Indigenous people's dispossession by demanding immobility as precondition to ownership and rendering Indigenous urbanites all “too mobile”. Against this framing and the liquidation of their lands as capital, Indigenous people practice reciprocal forms of repossession that challenge both liberal and traditional meanings of ownership. This helps retrieve urban Indigenous subjectivities while compelling partial relinquishment of non‐Indigenous properties.
After Gentrification: Social Mix, Settler Colonialism, and Cruel Optimism in the Transformation of Neighbourhood Space
Authors: Addie Jean‐Paul D. , Fraser James C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSocial mix policies have emerged as a prominent mechanism to legitimate neighbourhood redevelopment efforts across the US. Despite integrationist rhetoric, results often disabuse marginalised communities of their claims to the city. This paper employs a hybrid spatio‐temporal analysis at the intersection of political‐economic theories of gentrification and post‐colonial and Black geographies literatures to examine underlying cultural logics and affective experiences animating such processes of neighbourhood transformation, contestation, and succession. Reflecting on 15 years of experience researching Over‐the‐Rhine (OTR), Cincinnati, we contribute a stylised distinction between the foundational, mature, and ongoing legacies of urban settler colonial relations. Our account discloses the power geometries shaping neighbourhood space by illustrating the impact of the discourses, tactics, and strategies employed by pro‐development actors and neighbourhood activists as OTR's socio‐political landscape shifted over time. In conclusion, we engage the thorny questions these dynamics raise surrounding how inner‐city neighbourhoods are theorised and struggled over after gentrification.
Frontiers of Urban Control: Lawlessness on the City Edge and Forms of Clientalist Statecraft in Zimbabwe
Authors: McGregor JoAnn , Chatiza Kudzai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article develops the concept of “urban frontier” to explore conflicts over state regularisation of city edge informal settlements in Zimbabwe’s capital Harare. It conceptualises the presence of “lawless” urban frontiers and “illegal” territorial authorities in capital cities as expressions of a permissive form of central statecraft. In so doing, the article takes forward debates over the politics shaping the margins of Africa’s rapidly expanding cities, redressing scholars’ tendency to neglect central party‐state strategic calculations and party politics in their analyses of unregulated settlements. Dominant interpretations generally hinge on state absence or weakness and emphasise localised influences. The case of Harare’s highly politicised city‐edge informal settlements reveals the inadequacy of apolitical approaches particularly clearly, as all were controlled by the ruling ZANUPF party. The conflicts provoked by regularisation provide a lens on disputes within the ruling party, which we interpret as disputes over different forms of clientalist statecraft. Analyses of urban frontiers can thus help move away from generic one‐size‐fits‐all explanations of informality and patronage politics in Africa’s expanding cities.
Pilot study showed that poor feeding, especially with leucocyturia, increased the odds of non‐febrile urinary tract infections in children who were not toilet trained
Authors: Guarino Stefano , Capalbo Daniela , Scalzone Eleonora , Schiano Di Cola Roberta , Miraglia del Giudice Emanuele , La Manna Angela , Marzuillo Pierluigi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimThis study assessed the prevalence of wrongly diagnosed non‐febrile urinary tract infections in patients who had not been toilet trained and presented with poor feeding and, or, failure to thrive. The diagnostic value of these signs in predicting non‐febrile UTIs was also explored.MethodsWe focused on 59 outpatients (56.7% male) with these criteria, who had positive urine cultures and were referred to our Italian University hospital from January 2017 to January 2019. None were on antibiotics and all underwent urine cultures by bladder catheterisation. Wrongly diagnosed non‐febrile UTIs were defined by sterile urine cultures. The predictive value was evaluated using logistic regression.ResultsThe mean age was 8.5 ± 5.7 months and 72.9% had wrongly diagnosed non‐febrile UTIs. Poor feeding was significantly higher among the 16 patients with true non‐febrile UTIs (P = .04). It was significantly predictive of non‐febrile UTIs (odds ratio 4.1, 95% confidence interval 1.1‐16.6), especially when leucocyturia was present (odds ratio 9.7, 95% confidence interval 2.3‐40.7).ConclusionWrongly diagnosed non‐febrile UTIs were high in children with poor feeding and, or, failure to thrive. Only poor feeding and, in particular, the combination of poor feeding and leucocyturia, significantly increased the odds of non‐febrile UTI.
Subjective Well‐Being and Health Behaviors in 2.5 Million Americans
Authors: Kushlev Kostadin , Drummond Danielle M. , Diener Ed 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundHappiness and health behavior are positively related, but most existing research does not distinguish between conceptually and empirically distinct components of subjective well‐being—satisfaction with life, positive affect, and negative affect.MethodWe assessed the associations of each component of subjective well‐being and health behavior, such as exercising and not smoking, in a broad, representative sample of nearly 2.5 million respondents from the USA in the Gallup Daily Poll.ResultsWe found that both life satisfaction and positive affect, but not negative affect, are unique predictors of health behavior, even after controlling for a wide range of variables, including demographics, chronic illness, daily stress and pain, and other relevant factors. Positive affect was linearly related to health behavior, while life satisfaction showed an association only for individuals relatively satisfied with their lives (but not for those dissatisfied with their lives). These associations were not moderated by various factors, occurring across gender and age, personal resources like time and money, and environmental affordances such as access to fresh food and safe places to exercise.ConclusionsThe relationship between well‐being and health behavior is robust and generalisable in a large cross‐section of the US population.
Hospitalization as an opportunity to correct errors in anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Angel Yoel , Zeltser David , Berliner Shlomo , Ingbir Merav , Shapira Itzhak , Shenhar‐Tsarfaty Shani , Rogowski Ori 
Published: September 2019

AimsTo assess whether hospitalization may assist in correcting errors in anticoagulant therapy among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).MethodsOur cohort included patients admitted to our institution with a history of AF between 2016 and 2018. We categorized patient's treatment upon admission and discharge as lacking (no treatment despite indication), inadequate (according to individual characteristics) or adequate. We assessed adequacy of treatment upon discharge and determined factors associated with correcting admission errors.ResultsOf 4427 patients admitted with a history of AF, the categorization to lacking, inadequate and adequate treatment was 1746 (39.4%), 1237 (27.9%) and 1444 (32.6%) patients, respectively. Of those with inadequate treatment, the most common types of errors were direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) underdosing (n = 578; 46.7%), vitamin‐K antagonists when DOAC was indicated (n = 258; 20.9%), DOAC despite contraindication to DOAC (n = 166; 13.4%) and DOAC overdosing (n = 124; 10%). Upon discharge 688 (18.6%, out of n = 3694) corrections but also 316 (8.6%) new mistakes were found. On multivariate logistic regression, the factors associated with correction of an error on admission were hospitalization due to AF (odds ratio [OR] 2.94 [2.39–3.61]), hospitalization in the neurologic or geriatric wards (OR 2.79 [2.04–3.80]), female sex (OR 1.34 [1.10–1.63]) and a history of stroke (OR 1.47 [1.17–1.86]), while the presence of a contraindication to DOAC decreased the chance of correction (OR 0.10 [0.06–0.18]).ConclusionHospitalization for any reason may contribute to correction of errors in AC treatment in patients with AF. Unfortunately, a significant portion of patients remains inadequately treated by both outpatient and inpatient providers.
HLA‐A*24:02 is associated with metronidazole‐induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Han Chinese individuals: A pilot case‐control study with both HLA gene and T cell receptor repertoire analysis
Authors: Yang Fanping , Jiang Menglin , Zhang Wen , Qiao Yimeng , Chen Sheng‐an , Wang Dan , Zhu Huizhong , Zhang Jin , Qin Shengying , Zhu Qinyuan , Lv Youbiao , Xing Qinghe , Luo Xiaoqun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetronidazole, a widely used drug for the treatment of infections with anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, can frequently cause metronidazole‐induced cutaneous adverse reactions (McADRs). The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between human leucocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and McADRs in a Chinese Han population. The frequency of HLA‐B*24:02 carriers among the McADR patients was 73.3%, which was significantly higher than that of the population controls (32.16%, OR = 5.80, 95% CI = [1.80‐18.72], Pc = 0.004) and of the metronidazole‐tolerant patients (26.67%, OR = 7.56, 95% CI = [2.02‐28.35], Pc = 0.004). Molecular docking showed that metronidazole and one of its major metabolites had the potential to bind in the HLA groove and that there was a relatively stable binding state of the HLA‐B*24:02‐metronidazole/the metabolite complex. The CDR3 repertoires of both T cell receptor (TCR)Vα and Vβ of the patients showed a significantly skewed or an oligoclonal distribution. The TCRVβ CDR3 of the patients shared a similar motif, “CASSxxxxxxQxF.” The current study demonstrated that both the HLA‐A*24:02 allele and TCR are involved in the pathogenesis of McADRs.
Effect of trehalose on manganese‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell damage in mice
Authors: Liu Kuan , Jing Meng‐Jiao , Liu Chang , Yan Dong‐Ying , Ma Zhuo , Wang Can , Deng Yu , Liu Wei , Xu Bin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChronic overexposure to manganese (Mn) has been verified to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, which is related to oxidative damage. The autophagic‐lysosomal degradation pathway plays a vital role in the removal of impaired mitochondria through a specific quality control mechanism termed mitophagy. However, trehalose functions as an inducer of autophagy by an mTOR‐independent mechanism, and little data report its effect on Mn‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction. To explore the possibility that trehalose could be effective in interfering with the Mn‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, we used trehalose (2% and 4% (g/vol (mL))) in a mouse model of manganism. Our data showed that mice developed weary motor and behavioural deficits after exposure to Mn for 6 weeks. Overexposure to Mn resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal cell damage in the basal nuclei of mice, which could be ameliorated by trehalose pre‐treatment. Moreover, our results indicated that trehalose pre‐treatment significantly reduced the oxidative damage and enhanced the activation of mitophagy. The findings clearly demonstrated that trehalose could relieve Mn‐induced mitochondrial and neuronal cell damage through its antioxidative and mitophagy‐inducing effects.
Large scale maximum average power multiple inference on time‐course count data with application to RNA‐seq analysis
Authors: Cao Meng , Zhou Wen , Breidt F. Jay , Peers Graham 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExperiments that longitudinally collect RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) data can provide transformative insights in biology research by revealing the dynamic patterns of genes. Such experiments create a great demand for new analytic approaches to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes based on large‐scale time‐course count data. Existing methods, however, are suboptimal with respect to power and may lack theoretical justification. Furthermore, most existing tests are designed to distinguish among conditions based on overall differential patterns across time, though in practice, a variety of composite hypotheses are of more scientific interest. Finally, some current methods may fail to control the false discovery rate. In this paper, we propose a new model and testing procedure to address the above issues simultaneously. Specifically, conditional on a latent Gaussian mixture with evolving means, we model the data by negative binomial distributions. Motivated by Storey (2007) and Hwang and Liu (2010), we introduce a general testing framework based on the proposed model and show that the proposed test enjoys the optimality property of maximum average power. The test allows not only identification of traditional DE genes but also testing of a variety of composite hypotheses of biological interest. We establish the identifiability of the proposed model, implement the proposed method via efficient algorithms, and demonstrate its good performance via simulation studies. The procedure reveals interesting biological insights, when applied to data from an experiment that examines the effect of varying light environments on the fundamental physiology of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
Tyrosine kinase Eph receptor A6 sensitizes glioma‐initiating cells towards bone morphogenetic protein‐induced apoptosis
Authors: Raja Erna , Morikawa Masato , Nishida Jun , Tanabe Ryo , Takahashi Kei , Seeherman Howard J. , Saito Nobuhito , Todo Tomoki , Miyazono Kohei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays important roles in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a lethal form of brain tumor. BMP reduces GBM tumorigenicity through its differentiation‐ and apoptosis‐inducing effects on glioma‐initiating cells (GIC). However, some GIC do not respond to the tumor suppressive effects of BMP. Using a phosphoreceptor tyrosine kinase array, we found that EPHA6 (erythropoietin‐producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor A6) phosphorylation was regulated by BMP‐2 signaling in some GIC. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas showed that EPHA6 expression was lower in patients with GBM than in the normal brain, and that high EPHA6 expression was correlated with better prognosis. EPHA6 receptor increased the susceptibility of both sensitive and resistant GIC to BMP‐2‐induced apoptosis. The cooperative effect on apoptosis induction depended on the kinase activity of BMP type I receptor but was independent of EPHA6 kinase function. Overexpression of the EPHA6 receptor in GIC resulted in the formation of a protein complex of EPHA6 receptor and the BMP type I receptor ALK‐2, which was associated with BMP‐induced apoptosis in GIC. Intracranial injection of GIC into nude mice showed that gain‐of‐function of EPHA6 together with BMP‐2 pretreatment slowed GBM tumor progression in the mouse brain and promoted mouse survival. In summary, EPHA6 together with BMP‐2 signaling led to apoptotic cell death in GIC, and thus is a putative tumor suppressor in GBM.