bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENDOCRINOLOGY AND ADOLESCENCE: Dealing with transition in young patients with pituitary disorders
Authors: Sbardella Emilia , Pozza Carlotta , Isidori Andrea M , Grossman Ashley B 
Published: August 2019

Introduction
The transition age is the period between childhood to adulthood; it refers to a broad set of physical, cognitive and sociocultural modifications, arbitrarily defined as starting in late puberty and ending with full adult maturation. Pituitary disorders in adolescence represent a challenge that requires careful management during the transition to adult care.

Methods
Given the complexity of care of pituitary disorders in the transition age, we have reviewed the relevant medical literature focusing on aetiology, clinical manifestations, treatment strategies of GH deficiency (GHD), hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH) in male and female adolescents, central hypothyroidism (CH), central adrenal insufficiency (CAI) and cranial diabetes insipidus (CDI) at this time. The objective of the present review is to provide an up-to-date evaluation of the transition period to evaluate the specific needs of adolescents with chronic pituitary disease in order to optimise their management.

Results
We provide an overview of current clinical management of GHD, HH, CH, CAI and CDI in the transition age.

Conclusions
Specific changes occur in pituitary function during the transition period. A holistic approach including discussion of patients’ concerns and emotional support should constitute a key component of managing pituitary disorders in adolescence. Special transition clinics where paediatric and adult endocrinologists work together, should be increasingly created and strengthened to bridge care, to promote continuity and adherence to treatment and to limit potential negative development, metabolic, skeletal and cardiovascular sequelae of discontinuity of care among adolescents with pituitary disorders.
Standard Fixed-Schedule Methadone Taper Versus Symptom-Triggered Methadone Approach for Treatment of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome
Authors: Wachman Elisha M. , Minear Susan , Hirashima Meshelle , Hansbury Aaron , Hutton Elizabeth , Shrestha Hira , Combs Ginny , Barry Karan , Slater Cheryl , Stickney Donna , Walley Alexander Y. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVES:
We compared hospitalization outcomes in infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) treated with a novel symptom-triggered methadone approach (STMA) versus a fixed-schedule methadone taper (FSMT).

METHODS:
This was a single-center quality-improvement study of infants pharmacologically treated for NOWS. Outcomes were compared over time by using statistical process control charts and between the baseline FSMT (July 2016–November 2017) and intervention STMA (December 2017–May 2018) groups, including median hospital length of stay (LOS), methadone treatment days, total milligrams of methadone, and need for adjunctive agents.

RESULTS:
There were 48 infants in the FSMT group and 28 in the STMA group. Infants treated with STMA had a median LOS of 10.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 10.5) versus 17.0 days (IQR 3.9; P = .003) in the FSMT group, with a 9.2-day difference in methadone treatment days (2.5 [IQR 9.0] vs 11.7 [IQR 4.0]; P = .0001), meeting criteria for statistical process control special cause variation. The average number of symptom-triggered doses was 2.1 (SD 1.0). Six infants in the STMA group were converted to FSMT after failing a trial of STMA. Infants successfully treated with the STMA (N = 22) had a median LOS of 10.0 days (IQR 4.0) compared with 17.0 (IQR 3.9) in the baseline FSMT group (P &lt; .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
STMA was associated with a significant reduction in median LOS and amount of methadone treatment. A symptom-triggered approach to NOWS may reduce LOS and medication exposure.
Risk-Based Newborn Drug Testing in a Setting With a Low Prevalence of Maternal Drug Use
Authors: Wood Kelly E. , McMillin Gwendolyn A. , Krasowski Matthew D. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVES:Our objective in this study was to determine the predictive value of an institutional risk-based newborn drug-testing tool for detecting maternal drug use during pregnancy.METHODS:For 5.5 months, the umbilical cords of all newborns born at the study institution were collected and analyzed at a national reference laboratory. In the context of usual clinical care, the decision to perform newborn drug testing is based on an institutional risk assessment tool. For the cohort without clinical indication for testing, cords were deidentified during the study period. Chart review was not performed. Study data were compared with a national data set during the same time period and to previous institutional data.RESULTS:We tested 857 newborns, 257 of which had 1 or more identified risk factors. There were no drugs or drug metabolites that were significantly more common in the cohort without risk factors than in the clinical cohort. Alprazolam, methamphetamine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone were all significantly more commonly found in the risk-identified cohort. Amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine were not detected in umbilical cords from any of the 600 newborns that would not have been identified for testing. Tetrahydrocannabinol (1.0%; n = 6) was the only illegal substance in the institution’s state that would not have been detected.CONCLUSIONS:Performing universal newborn drug testing in the study population would have identified an additional 6 newborns who were exposed prenatally to tetrahydrocannabinol out of 600 who were additionally tested. In areas with a low prevalence of maternal drug use, universal testing may not be cost-effective.
Cultura del agua, multinaturalismo y prosopografía
Authors: Martos-García Aitana , Martos-Núñez Eloy , Del Pino-Tortonda Alejandro 
Published: August 2019

El artículo aborda las relaciones entre el paradigma del multinaturalismo y la profusión de genios acuáticos en la mitología mediterránea e ibérica en particular. Para ello, se basa en la descripción de patrones prosopográficos subyacentes a las distintas personificaciones mitológicas del agua. Cabe pensar en la extrapolación de esta diversidad y riqueza de figuras al ámbito social, entendiendo que son fabulaciones que encarnan la memoria hídrica de una comunidad a través de sus Intangibles (así, el agua salvaje o silvestre se encarnaría en figuras teriomórficas), que debe ser puesta en valor como elemento sustancial de la cultura del agua.
El reto principal es visibilizar dicha cultura y recuperar sus prácticas, ecosimbolismos y lenguajes desde una perspectiva renovada, por ejemplo en relación al ecofeminismo y otras corrientes críticas que defienden la necesidad de recuperar los saberes tradicionales y de generar nuevas narrativas del agua, que concilien las narrativas ancestrales con las nuevas demandas sociales y ecológicas.
Daily indices of central and peripheral blood pressure in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and arterial hypertension at different stages of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Polyakova I V , Borovkova N Yu , Tulichev A A , Maslova T I , Linyova N Yu , Zubova S Yu , Maksimova I Yu 
Published: August 2019

Aim. To study the daily indices of central and peripheral blood pressure in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and arterial hypertension at different stages of chronic kidney disease.
Methods. 76 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and arterial hypertension were examined: 13.2% with chronic kidney disease stage 1 (G1), 15.8% G2, 21.0% G3, 23.7% G4, 26.3% G5D. For the daily monitoring of central (in aorta) and peripheral blood pressure (in brachial artery), the BPLab monitor and the Vasotens-24 technology were used.
Results. In the examined patients central and peripheral systolic, diastolic, and pulse blood pressure increased with renal function decline. Thus, the daily systolic pressure increased from 112 [107; 129] mm Hg in the aorta and 127 [118; 131] mm Hg in the brachial artery in patients with G1 to 146 [137; 153] and 147 [138; 155] mm Hg with G5D; diastolic — from 76 [70; 83] and 78 [71; 85] to 96 [82; 104] and 97 [81; 107] mm Hg; pulse pressure — from 36 [33; 45] and 48 [42; 51] to 53 [45; 56] and 62 [50; 65] mm Hg (p <0.05). A statistically significant excess of peripheral values over the corresponding parameters of central blood pressure for systolic (in groups G1–2) and pulse (G1–4) pressure was detected. Thus, in patients with G2, the average daily systolic pressure was 132 [115; 136] mm Hg in brachial artery and 113 [110; 127] mm Hg in aorta, pulse pressure — 49 [41; 52] and 33 [30; 41] mm Hg (p <0.05). With further progression of renal failure, these differences were not reliably detected. Most patients had a defect of the daily aortic and brachial blood pressure rhythm but the dipper status of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was less common than brachial one (24 and 20% versus 39 and 35%, χ2=5.21 and 5.64; p <0.05).
Conclusion. The features of the peripheral and central blood pressure daily indices at different stages of chronic kidney disease in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and arterial hypertension determine the relevance of their further study to compare the effect on cardiovascular risk and renal failure progression.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in tumor cells in platinum-containing chemotherapy of advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Gening S O , Dolgova D R , Antoneeva I I , Abakumova T V , Kolodiy I O , Gening T P 
Published: August 2019

Aim. Study of the relationship of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in tumor cells of ascites and primary tumor in patients with ascitic form of ovarian cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the AP scheme (doxorubicin + cisplatin).
Methods. The level of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) was assessed using PCR-RT in epithelial cells of ascites and primary tumor tissue obtained intraoperatively after 2–4 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the AP scheme from 25 patients with a verified diagnosis of ovarian cancer (serous adenocarcinoma) at stage III–IV according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Processing of the results was performed using the software package Statistica 10.
Results. An increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA in epithelial cells of ascites in 60% of samples was established. In the intraoperatively obtained tumor tissue after 2–4 courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the AP scheme, vascular endothelial growth factor expression was increased in 73% of the samples. At the same time, the increase of relative expression in the tumor after neoadjuvant chemotherapy did not depend on the degree of therapeutic pathomorphosis but was related to early relapse and increased level of cancer antigen-125 (CA-125). Median of relapse-free survival in vascular endothelial growth factor-positive ovarian cancer was less than 5 months.
Conclusion. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy according to the AP scheme increases the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the tumor tissue in advanced ovarian cancer; the degree of vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression in ovarian tumor is related to the presence of early relapse and an increase in the serum CA-125 level.
Modern optimizing techniques of surgical treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Stebnev V S , Stebnev S D , Malov I V , Malov V M , Eroshevskaya E B 
Published: August 2019

Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of microinvasive vitrectomy and three-dimensional digital imaging in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
Methods. The clinical treatment results were studied in 62 patients (62 eyes) with proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by tractional retinal detachment who underwent vitreoretinal surgery with the use of microinvasive techniques and three-dimensional digital imaging. There were 38 (61%) women, 24 (39%) men, mean age 57±5.2 years. The duration of diabetes mellitus was 6 to 13 years (an average of 11.7 years). Of the 62 patients, 11 had insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and 51 had non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Results. Final anatomical result (the elimination of the zones of proliferation and adhesion of the retina) was reached in 59/62 (95.1%) of the eyes: in 54/62 (87%) eyes after the first intervention, in 8/62 eyes after additional surgical intervention. The maximum corrected visual acuity increased in 55/62 (88.7%) eyes from 0.01±0.12 to 0.22±0.11 (p <0.05); in 3/62 (4.8%) eyes remained the same; 4/62 (6.5%) eyes had visual impairment. Complications were diagnosed in 14 (22.6%) of the eyes: retinal tears (10), hemophthalmus (2), subchoroid hemorrhage (1), detachment of the choroid (1). Postoperative control of intraocular pressure demonstrated the following: 36 (58.1%) eyes had normal intraocular pressure (11–22 mm Hg), 20 (32.3%) — increased intraocular pressure (≥22 mm Hg), 6 (9.7%) — reduced intraocular pressure (≤10 mm Hg). In the postoperative period (up to 1 month after surgery) additional surgical interventions were performed on 8/62 (12.9%) eyes.
Conclusion. In patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, the use of microinvasive vitreoretinal technologies and digital imaging system provide high anatomical (95.1% of patients) and functional results (88.7% of patients).
Experimental study of the effectiveness of 6-methyl-3-(thietane-3-yl)uracil-containing eye ­ointment in the treatment of corneal thermal burns
Authors: Gabdrakhmanova A F , Meshcheryakova S A , Gaynutdinova R F , Kil’diyarov F Kh , Kurbanov S A , Khuzhamberdiev A Kh 
Published: August 2019

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of wound healing eye ointment with 6-methyl-3- (thietane-3-yl) uracil in the treatment of corneal thermal burn in the experiment.
Methods. The study was conducted on 6 rabbits of the chinchilla breed. The results of treatment and histomorphological studies of the rabbits’ cornea are presented after experimental thermal burn by instillation of water with a temperature of 80–85 °C with 20-second exposure to the cornea. In the experimental group (right eyes of rabbits) the animals were treated with developed 6-methyl-3-(thietane-3-yl)uracil eye ointment, in the control group (left eyes of rabbits) 20% gel of solcoseryl was applied. Animals were observed daily for 14 days. The condition and the morphological changes of the cornea were compared on days 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14 after the experimental thermal burn.
Results. The features of reparative processes after corneal thermal burn depending on used treatment were determined. The study revealed that 6-methyl-3-(thietane-3-yl)uracil improved trophics more repidly, increased cell growth and cell reproduction, stimulated the regeneration process in damaged corneal tissues, accelerated wound and burn healing, and also provided anti-inflammatory effect. Positive dynamics was registered on days 4–5 in the experimental group, and by the 7th day in the control group. With 6-methyl-3-(thietane-3-yl)uracil no toxic reactions in the form of destruction of the collagen skeleton, maceration, pronounced edema and hyperemia were observed. On day 14 of follow-up, the microscopic picture of rabbits’ cornea had the usual normal structure.
Conclusion. Treatment with 6-methyl-3-(thietane-3-yl)uracil resulted in faster and more structured and anatomically correct healing of corneal thermal burn compared to the treatment with alternative medication solcoseryl in the control group.
Jeszcze o tajemnicy adwokackiej z perspektywy przepisów art. 178 pkt 1 oraz art. 180 § 2 k.p.k. Uwagi polemiczne
Authors: Sowiński Piotr K. 
Published: August 2019

W tekście przedstawiono problematykę dotyczącą ochrony tajemnicy adwokackiej i obrończej w procesie karnym. Wskazano na zakres przedmiotowy obu tych tajemnic oraz środki służące ich ochronie. Tekst zawiera krytyczne uwagi w stosunku do artykułu P. Krzyżanowskiego „Zakres ochrony tajemnicy adwokackiej w postępowaniu karnym – zagadnienia wybrane”.
Personalny wymiar wybranych duchowych obowiązków zakonników
Authors: Wróbel Paweł 
Published: August 2019

Ustawodawca w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. w czwartym rozdziale księgi drugiej zawarł obowiązki, które obligują zakonników do podejmowania konkretnych działań zarówno w zakresie zewnętrznym, jak i wewnętrznym. Pośród tych z zakresu życia duchowego zakonnika można wyróżnić te, których analiza została podjęta w niniejszym artykule, a więc: kontemplacja i modlitwa, zwracanie myśli ku Bogu i codzienny rachunek sumienia, praktyka corocznego świętego skupienia oraz ukazanie roli Maryi jako wzoru życia osobistego członka instytutu zakonnego. Artykuł zwraca uwagę Czytelnika na fakt, że ustawodawcy kodeksowemu bardzo mocno zależy na tym aspekcie życia zakonnego, ponieważ omówione kwestie znajdują się w początkowych kanonach rozdziału o prawach i obowiązkach zakonników. Ponadto zwrócenie uwagi na te aspekty życia zakonnego także w innych dokumentach Kościoła świadczy o ich randze. Poznanie myśli prawodawcy w tym względzie z pewnością pozwoli na jeszcze lepszą realizację zadań realizowanych przez zakonników, które wynikają z ich życia duchowego.
Columban simulation project: Quando computadores foram substituídos por pombos
Authors: Neves Filho Hernando Borges 
Published: August 2019

Durante a década de 1980, Skinner e colegas publicaram uma série de pesquisas empíricas que trataram de temas como comunicação simbólica, uso de ferramentas, “Insight”, auto-reconhecimento e outros temas típicos de pesquisas de viés cognitivo. Tais pesquisas estavam vinculadas ao chamado Columban Simulation Project, que foi um projeto desenvolvido nos últimos anos de Skinner em Harvard, e tinha como objetivo central recriar em pombos fenômenos tradicionalmente tratados como complexos, observados em chimpanzés e humanos. Adicionalmente, o projeto também tinha o intuito de debater o papel de simulações de comportamento, no caso, comparando simulações de comportamentos em pombos com simulações de computador. O presente ensaio faz um apanhado de todos os principais trabalhos do Columban Simulation Project, discutindo e relacionando seus experimentos com pesquisas atuais, ao mesmo tempo em que trata também de algumas de suas críticas e legados. Conclui-se que o projeto chamou razoável atenção da comunidade científica, dentro e fora da Análise do Comportamento, assim como consolidou uma linha de pesquisa ativa sobre as origens operantes de comportamentos tradicionalmente chamados de “Insight”, e ao mesmo tempo serviu como uma ponte de aproximação da Análise do Comportamento com algumas vertentes atuais das ciências cognitivas e desenvolvimento de inteligências artificiais.
During the decade of 1980, Skinner and colleagues published a series of empirical research regarding themes such as symbolic communication, tool use, insight, self-awareness, and other popular themes of cognitive research. These papers were part of the so called Columban Simulation Project, an endeavor took by Skinner in his last years at Harvard, that aimed to recreate complex phenomena, easily observed in chimpanzees and humans, in pigeons. The project also had the objective to discuss the role of simulation research in Psychology experiments. The present essay offers a comprehensive description and discussion, in Portuguese, of all major papers related to the project. Implications of these papers to modern research in behavior analysis, cognitive science and computer science are discussed, among examples of some critics aimed to the project and also its lasting legacy to psychological research. It is concluded that the project had a reasonable impact in the scientific community at large, established a line of investigation of the operant determinants of problem solving performances, and that it also brought together discussions and data from research in behavior analysis, cognitive science and artificial intelligence.
Pandangan Tokoh Agama Di Karesidenan Cirebon Dalam Memandang Pluralitas Beragama
Authors: Umam Khaerul , Ghazali Abdul Muiz 
Published: August 2019

Agama sering kali menampilkan dua wajah yang saling berlawanan. Di satu sisi agama merupakan jalan bagi seseorang untuk menemukan kebahagiaan, namun tidak jarang pula, agama menjadi sumbu pemicu konflik dan kekerasan yang disebabkan karena perbedaan pandangan. Meski mengakui bahwa pluralitas merupakan sunatullah, namun tidak demikian dengan pluralitas dalam beragama, karena agama berkait erat dengan keyakinan dan klaim kebenaran. Penelitian ini berupaya mendeskripsikan pandangan tokoh agama se karesidenan Cirebon yang mencakup wilayah Kabupaten Cirebon, Kota Cirebon, Kabupateb Majalengkandan Kabupaten Indramayu, dalam memandang Pluralitas Beragama di masyarakat dengan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus, dimana fenomena yang sedang diteliti merupakan fenomena aktual pada saat penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini menemukan adanya sebuah pola yang tidak linier antara yang diungkapkan secara personal dengan apa yang ditampilkan di ruang publik terkait pandangan tokoh agama terhadap pluralitas agama dan keberagamaan di masyarakat. Dalam hal ini terdapat dua kelompok yang berbeda. Pertama yang memandang pluralisme sebagai sebuah keniscayaan, namun tetap memandang yang berbeda, sebagai yang perlu diluruskan. Kedua, yang memandang pluralisme sebagai sebuah keniscayaan dan menghargai setiap perbedaan, serta meyakini adanya kemungkinan kebenaran lain dalam keyakinan kelompok agama atau aliran yang berbeda. (Religious somehow reflects two contradictory faces. In one side, religion is a way to find happiness while in another side it becomes the trigger of conflict and violence when it is placed wrongly. Although we know that pluralism is Sunnatullah, but it is different with pluralism in religion. It is because religion is closely related to beliefs and truth claim. The researcher tries to describe the scholars of Cirebon’s Residency’s point of view about religion pluralism in society in Cirebon itself, Cirebon’s district, Majalengka district, and Indramayu district. This research is a study case research where phenomenon researched is the actual phenomenon. This research found that there is an un-linier patterns between what is being revealed personally to what is shown in the public about the scholars’ point of view to religion pluralism and social diversity. There are two different groups. The first one, they think pluralism is as a necessity but they still think that the difference must be changed and corrected. The second group sees pluralism as a necessity, they appreciate every differences and belief that there must be another truth in another different religions and schools.)