bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HbA1clevels in children with type 1 diabetes and correlation to diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Andreasson Rebecka , Ekelund Charlotte , Landin-Olsson Mona , Nilsson Charlotta 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground:Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a metabolic disease causing hyperglycemia due to β-cell destruction. Despite adequate treatment, complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) are common. The first aim was to investigate if acute onset of type 1 diabetes differed between those who had developed retinopathy and who had not after 15 years from diagnosis. The second aim was to investigate if mean glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels affect the time to development of DR.Methods:The medical records of all children and adolescents diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during 1993–2001 in our area in Sweden were studied retrospectively and the mean HbA1ceach year until the development of retinopathy was investigated. In total 72 patients were included and the follow-up time was between 15 and 23 years. Gender, p-glucose, age and HbA1cat diagnosis were analyzed for possible correlations to years to retinopathy.Results:HbA1cwas significantly higher among those who had developed DR after 15 years from diagnosis, 98±9.2 (n=25) vs. 86±9.2 (n=46; p=0.025). A negative correlation was found between age at diagnosis and years to DR (rs=−0.376; p=0.026). Mean HbA1clevels at years 6–10 after diabetes diagnosis correlated significantly (rs=−0.354, p=0.037) to years until retinopathy. Mean HbA1clevels at years 1–15 after diabetes diagnosis were significantly higher at years 2–3 and years 5–8 for those who had developed retinopathy after 15 years from diagnosis.Conclusions:Higher HbA1clevels shortened the time to development of retinopathy. It is therefore important to keep HbA1cas close to normal as possible.
The De-globalized City
Authors: Haselmayer Sascha 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Public procurement in cities is one of the most exciting and under-studied governmental processes, offering an interesting angle into the real state of globalization in cities, the political and bureaucratic battle for the identity of government in connected markets and provides an indication of the intention of city governments to work in a globalized or de-globalizing world.
557,000 city and municipal governments procure an estimated 10% of world GDP in goods and services annually to serve their communities. In a perfectly globalized world, we would expect a single market to develop around these needs with competitors differentiating on cost, effectiveness and strategic value.
Yet, after decades of globalizing trends and announcements by Mayors to collaborate on global challenges, we have few indications that this has happened. Instead of rational, standardized transactions to deploy what works best, each procurement carried out by city and municipal governments is a complex battleground of vested local interests, strategic goals and public messaging.
In place of policymaking and adopting proven practices, cities appear simply to muddle through, one transaction at a time. Despite more open governments and transparency, there is a universal lack of data as to how these battles are fought.
Research for the lichen Usnea barbata metabolites
Authors: Bazarnova Yulia , Politaeva Natalia , Lyskova Nadegda 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
This work presents investigations of biologically active metabolites of Usnea barbata lichen. Extraction conditions for usnic acid and other biologically active phytocomponents using various solvent systems were chosen. Modern analytical techniques were used to study composition of the obtained extracts; usnic acid and phenolic compound contents were estimated. Antioxidant activity and antimicrobial properties of lichen dry extract against bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were studied.
Dual Coding of Frequency Modulation in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus
Authors: Paraouty Nihaad , Stasiak Arkadiusz , Lorenzi Christian , Varnet Léo , Winter Ian M. 
Published: March 2018

Frequency modulation (FM) is a common acoustic feature of natural sounds and is known to play a role in robust sound source recognition. Auditory neurons show precise stimulus-synchronized discharge patterns that may be used for the representation of low-rate FM. However, it remains unclear whether this representation is based on synchronization to slow temporal envelope (ENV) cues resulting from cochlear filtering or phase locking to faster temporal fine structure (TFS) cues. To investigate the plausibility of those encoding schemes, single units of the ventral cochlear nucleus of guinea pigs of either sex were recorded in response to sine FM tones centered at the unit's best frequency (BF). The results show that, in contrast to high-BF units, for modulation depths within the receptive field, low-BF units (<4 kHz) demonstrate good phase locking to TFS. For modulation depths extending beyond the receptive field, the discharge patterns follow the ENV and fluctuate at the modulation rate. The receptive field proved to be a good predictor of the ENV responses for most primary-like and chopper units. The currentin vivodata also reveal a high level of diversity in responses across unit types. TFS cues are mainly conveyed by low-frequency and primary-like units and ENV cues by chopper and onset units. The diversity of responses exhibited by cochlear nucleus neurons provides a neural basis for a dual-coding scheme of FM in the brainstem based on both ENV and TFS cues.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNatural sounds, including speech, convey informative temporal modulations in frequency. Understanding how the auditory system represents those frequency modulations (FM) has important implications as robust sound source recognition depends crucially on the reception of low-rate FM cues. Here, we recorded 115 single-unit responses from the ventral cochlear nucleus in response to FM and provide the first physiological evidence of a dual-coding mechanism of FM via synchronization to temporal envelope cues and phase locking to temporal fine structure cues. We also demonstrate a diversity of neural responses with different coding specializations. These results support the dual-coding scheme proposed by psychophysicists to account for FM sensitivity in humans and provide new insights on how this might be implemented in the early stages of the auditory pathway.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Yoga in Medical Students: Assessment of Anthropometry and Lifestyle Factors
Authors: Hegde Shreelaxmi V. , Rao Swathi K. , Menezes Ritesh G. , Kotian Shashidhar M. , Shetty Sowmya 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Medical students often experience significant stress during their undergraduate training. Evidence has shown short-term yoga to be effective in decreasing stress in students. This study aimed to assess knowledge about, attitude toward, and practice of (KAP) yoga among medical students. A secondary objective was to analyze their dietary habits and physical activity. Participants consisted of 224 medical students aged 18–23 years in pre- and paraclinical groups. A closed-ended KAP questionnaire was used to collect data. Anthropometric measurements were taken. Results showed that paraclinical students (70.5%) favorably perceived the health benefits of yoga. Nearly three-fourths of study subjects had previously practiced yoga; greater numbers intended to practice yoga in the future. About 95.5% of the preclinical students who had done yoga had discontinued the practice. Perceived barriers to the practice of yoga were lack of time, insufficient facilities, lack of company, and lack of interest. Consideration of the undergraduates' lifestyle revealed that 50.4% of preclinical students did not exercise, and they routinely consumed more junk food with fewer servings of fresh fruits/salads. Preclinical students exhibited higher BMI and waist circumference compared to paraclinical students. Findings suggest that knowledge of and attitude regarding yoga were good among medical undergraduates.
Improved Self-Acceptance, Quality of Life, and Stress Level from Participation in a Worksite Yoga Foundations Program: A Pilot Study
Authors: Casey Lori J. , Van Rooy Kimberly M. , Sutherland Stephanie J. , Jenkins Sarah M. , Rosedahl Jordan K. , Wood Nadia G. , Ebbert Jon O. , Lopez-Jimenez Francisco , Egginton Jason S. , Sim Leslie A. , Clark Matthew M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Yoga is increasing in popularity in the United States and across the globe. However, most yoga programs are provided outside the worksite; although many companies offer worksite wellness programs, at present there is limited documentation regarding the potential benefits of participating in a worksite yoga program. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to examine the potential effect of a worksite yoga program on self-acceptance, quality of life, and perceived stress. A prospective cohort pilot study that examined a structured worksite yoga program was designed and tailored to individuals new to yoga. The 8-week Yoga Foundations program was conducted at an academic medical center's worksite wellness center with 86 subjects. Outcome measures were the 36-item Self-Acceptance Scale; a six-item quality-of-life measure that assesses overall, social, mental, physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being; and the ten-item Perceived Stress Scale. Participants demonstrated significant improvement in their overall self-acceptance (p &lt; 0.001), quality of life (p &lt; 0.001), and perceived stress (p &lt; 0.001) levels. They also highly rated the yoga instructors and the weekly format of the program. Participation in a Yoga Foundations program was associated with improvements in self-acceptance, quality of life and stress levels in worksite wellness center members. Future studies should use randomized designs and examine other wellness domains to learn more about the potential benefits of worksite yoga programs.
A prospective randomised study comparing intravenous magnesium sulphate and sublingual nitroglycerine spray in attenuating haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation
Authors: Kotwani Deepti M. , Kotwani Manish B. , Hiwarkar Amit 
Published: March 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Laryngoscopy and tracheal Intubation are invariably associated with certain stress responses due to the sympatho-adrenal stimulation. These cardiovascular and neurohumoral alterations may directly affect the physiology and increase the risk. So far, various drugs have been tried but none has been considered ideal for blunting this presser response. We therefore, planned this comparative study to evaluate and compare the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulphate (30 mg/kg) versus sublingual nitroglycerine spray (0.4 mg/spray) in attenuating the presser response to Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty patients, aged 15–50 years, scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia, were randomly assigned to one of the two groups of 25 each, Group A (magnesium group) and Group B<strong> </strong>(nitroglycerine group). Study drug was given 90-120 seconds before tracheal intubation. Heart rate, Systolic blood pressure and Rate pressure product were recorded at different intervals after administering the study drug till 3 minutes after intubation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Mean heart rate was significantly higher from the baseline at all times after administering the study drug in both the groups. Increase in systolic blood pressure as a presser response was limited to 7.25% in Group A and 5.83% in Group B from the baseline after tracheal intubation. There was relative hypotension after administration of the study drug in both the groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intravenous magnesium or sublingual nitroglycerine pre-treatment is found to be effective in attenuating the presser response to laryngoscopy and intubation. These drugs may lead to rise in HR but it is transient and dose dependent. However, both the drugs can significantly control the hypertensive response after laryngoscopy and intubation.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Chemical properties of modified mahogany wood by heat treatment
Authors: Lukmandaru Ganis , Susanti Dewi , Widyorini Ragil 
Published: March 2018

Mahogany woods from community forests generally have relatively low qualities due to lack of maintenance activities and for their young harvesting stage. Heat treatment is known as wood modification method that could improve the quality of the wood. The aim of this study was to determine the interaction effect of temperature and method of heat treatment on the chemical properties of young mahogany wood. Materials used in this research were mahogany wood boards from community forest which were heat-treated using oven and steam methods performed at the temperature of 90°C, 120°C, and 150oC for 2 hours. In this research, some chemical changes were analyzed. Results of the research showed that the interaction of temperature and heat treatment method gave a significant decreasing on the pentosan amount, and hot-water extractive solubility, particularly the steaming at 150oC. The increasing temperature of heat treatment significantly decreased the content of holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, and pH values whereas it increased lignin content, extractives (cold-water and alcohol-benzene extractives) and solubility in 1% NaOH. Steaming method provided lower levels in the content of holocellulose, ethanol-benzene extract, cold-water solubility, and pH values compared to the oven heating. However, the steaming method over 1200C should be considered as it would reduce the wood strengths.
Hydrological responses of agroforestry system application which is not based on land suitability, a case study in Cimuntur watershed
Authors: Junaidi Edy , Indrajaya Yonky 
Published: March 2018

Land use in a watershed should consider land capability and watershed carrying capacity so that the land can optimally. Agroforestry is a land use system that not only aims to generate income for the people but also to maintain hydrological conditions of a watershed. This research aims to evaluate the hydrological responses due to the application of agroforestry system on several land use pattern that has been changed. There are three steps in the analysis: (1) Assessment on land use planning (RTRW), (2) Land use suitability classification for agroforestry system, and (3) Development of scenarios for suitable land use of agroforestry system for hydrological function. The results of this study show that the application of agroforestry system of woody plant (i.e. sengon), fruit plant (i.e. Nephelium lappaceum), annual crops (i.e. clove, coconut, Parkia speciosa and banana), perennial crops (i.e. cardamom, and banana), and seasonal crops (i.e. cassava) on unsuitable land use gives the lowers on Coefficient of River Regime (KRS), specific discharge, Run off Coefficient (C) and Total Dissolve Sediment (TDS). This agroforestry system can be applied on several land use pattern that has been changed, because this system not only aims to generate income for the people but also to the maintain hydrological condition of a watershed.
Relationship Between Parents’ Commitment to their Children’s Education and Level of Students’ Discipline in Public Secondary Schools in Naivasha Sub-County, Kenya.
Authors: S.K Mwaniki Goodeve , Ngunjiri Dr. M. , Kiumi Prof. J. Kanjogu 
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between parents’ commitment to their children’seducation and level of students’ discipline in public secondary schools in Naivasha sub-county, Kenya. Thestudy targeted a total of 197 respondents (constituting 28 head teachers and 169 teachers). A total of 195respondents participated in the study (169 teachers and 26 principals) participated giving a response rate of99%. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample head teachers while Krejcie and Morgan’s (1970)table for determining sample size for teachers. Questionnaires were used as instrument for data collection.SPSS was used to analyze the data where both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The analyzeddata were presented in terms of graphs and tables. The results showed that there was a significant positiverelationship between parents’ commitment to child’s education and students’ discipline (r = .387, p = .000).Therefore, the null hypothesis that there was no significant relationship between parents’ commitment tochild’s education and students’ discipline was rejected at .05 level of confidence. The study thereforeconcluded that parents’ commitment to child’s education influences students’ discipline in secondaryschools in Naivasha sub-county. It was recommended that parents should be more committed to theirchildren’s’ education. This can be achieved through participating in school meetings and materiallysupporting the education of their children
The Effectiveness of pen‒culture construction for cultivation of sea cucumber
Authors: Tomatala Pitjont , Letsoin Petrus Paulus , Kadmaer Evangelin Martha Yulia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSea cucumber Holothuria sp. is a marine biota that has economic value. The rearing activity of sea cucumbers is still limited to the have bay or strait areas with relatively calm coastal. This research aimed to determine the effectiveness of two types of pen‒culture system for sea cucumber rearing to the influence of ocean waves and currents. This research was done from February to July 2017 in the coastal of Rat village, Southeast Maluku Regency. The two of cultivated containers tested were a conventional pen‒culture (treatment A) and engineered pen‒culture (treatment B). A total of 30 individuals sea cucumber seeds sized 4‒6 cm were released at each pen‒culture. Survival rate and water quality were also calculated as supporting data. Observation of endurance and clearance of pen‒culture was done every two weeks. The result of visual observation showed that conventional pen‒culture treatment A was more quickly damaged and it was more damaged compared to engineered pen-culture treatment B.Through t‒test we got T count (1.065) < Ttable (6.313) for survival and T count (0.084) < Ttable (1.782) for growth. The result means that treatment A and treatment B have the same effect onsurvival rate and growth of sea cucumber. The results showed that treatment B was better applied to more open waters than treatment A. Keyword: endurance, pen‒culture, sea cucumber, survival, growth AbstrakTeripang Holothuria sp. merupakan biota laut yang memiliki nilai ekonomis. Kegiatan budidaya teripang masih terbatas pada daerah‒daerah yang berteluk atau berselat dengan perairan yang relatif tenang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas dua sistem budidaya teripang dalam kurungan tancap terhadap pengaruh gelombang laut dan arus. Penelitian ini berlangsung dari bulan Februari hingga Juni 2017 di perairan Desa Rat, Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara. Dua tipe wadah budidaya yang diujicobakan adalah kurungan tancap konvensional (perlakuan A) dan kurungan tancap yang direkayasa (perlakuan B). Pada setiap kurungan tancap, dimasukkan teripang pasir berukuran 4‒6 cm sebanyak 30 ekor. Sebagai data pendukung, dihitung persentase kelangsungan hidup dan pengukuran kualitas air. Pengamatan ketahanan dan kebersihan kurungan tancap dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali. Hasil pengamatan visual diketahui bahwa kurungan tancap perlakuan A lebih cepat rusak dan mengalami kerusakan yang lebih besar dibandingkan perlakuan B. Melalui uji-tdiperoleh hasil Thitung (1,065) < Ttabel (6,313) untuk kelangsungan hidup, dan Thitung (0,084) < T tabel (1,782) untuk pertumbuhan. Hasil uji‒t bermakna bahwa perlakuan A dan perlakuan B memiliki pengaruh yang sama terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan teripang. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan B lebih baik diaplikasikan pada perairan yang lebih terbuka dibandingkan perlakuan A. Kata kunci: ketahanan, kurungan tancap, teripang, kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan
Influence of Poultry Litter on Crop Productivity under Different Field Conditions: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lin Yaru , Watts Dexter B. , van Santen Edzard , Cao Guanqun 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Meta‐analysis showed that poultry litter’s influence on crop productivity is comparable to that of inorganic fertilizer.Poultry litter’s effectiveness on crop yield is influenced by soil properties, tillage, application practice, and crop species.More positive effects were found in acidic soil compared with neutral or alkaline, in loam soil compared with sand or clay, under conservation tillage compared with conventional, by subsurface banded poultry litter compared with broadcast or incorporation through tillage.The full benefits of using poultry litter was achieved from long‐term studies, with litter improving crop yield compared with inorganic fertilizer.
Research has shown that poultry litter (PL) can be used as a nutrient source for crop production. However, yield responses often varied when compared with inorganic fertilizer (IF) depending on soil type, management conditions, and PL application practices. Therefore, we reviewed the literature and conducted a meta‐analytic assessment to summarize the effects of PL vs. IF on yield response under different agricultural practices. A total of 866 observations from 90 studies were evaluated to determine how soil properties, tillage, application practices, crop species, and repeated applications influenced yield. Poultry litter significantly increased yield in loam, sandy loam, and silty‐clay loam soils, whereas yields were significantly greater with IF in sand and silty‐clay soils; no differences were observed between PL and IF with clay loams or silt loams. Under conventional tillage, IF’s effect on yield was positive, albeit not significant, whereas PL had a significant positive effect under strip‐till or no‐till. Poultry litter produced slightly lower yield when surface incorporated, but higher yield with subsurface band application when compared with IF. Poultry litter had significantly higher yield with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), significantly lower with bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers] than IF, and no effects on tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), corn silage, rice (Oryza sativa L.), and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Overall, PL was comparable to IF. However, the greatest benefits of PL on yield when compared to IF tended to occur following repeated (three or more) annual applications.