bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tough microcapsules of acrylic acid–styrene–isoprene–styrene quadrablock copolymer shell via Pickering emulsion technique
Authors: Xia Chunmiao , Luo Yingwu 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPickering emulsion technique has been demonstrated a simple method to fabricate the microcapsules. However, the resulted microcapsules are often fragile. This limits their applications. Here, we report that the microcapsules with the nanostructured shell of poly(acrylic acid‐b‐styrene‐b‐isoprene‐b‐styrene) (ASIS), which is of high toughness and elasticity, could be fabricated via Pickering emulsions using ASIS nanoparticles as stabilizing particles. The surfactant‐free ASIS latex (with theoretical molecular weight for each block: 1.5k–15k–55k–10k) was synthesized by reversible additional fragmentation transfer (RAFT) emulsion polymerization using amphiphilic macro‐RAFT agent [poly(acrylic acid)20‐b‐polystyrene5 trithiocarbonate] as both reactive surfactant and polymerization mediator. It was found that the ASIS nanoparticles were able to self‐assemble on oil/water interface to stabilize Pickering emulsion of hexadecane in the pH range from 8 to 12. The droplet diameter was finely tuned from 17 to 5 µm by increasing the ASIS particle levels from 0.13 to 12 wt % based on the mass of the ASIS aqueous dispersions. With toluene as a coalescing aid, the capsules with a coherent and nonporous shell were obtained with the dispersed phase volume percentage as high as 50%. The toluene treated capsules were so mechanically strong to survive the utrasonic treatment. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46700.
Capacitance properties of unipolar pulsed electro‐polymerized PEDOT films
Authors: Du Haiyan , Liu Xiaoxiao , Ren Zhe , Yang Huimin , Yu Yunlong 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTPoly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film has been prepared on conductive carbon paper (CP) substrates by unipolar pulse electrochemical deposition. The effects of different polymerization parameters, including pulse potential and width, deposition frequency, and duty cycle on the capacitance of PEDOT films, were studied by cyclic voltammetry in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution. The PEDOT‐coated CP electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm the three‐dimensional porous structure and the presence of dopant ion conjugation during the electro‐polymerization. The results of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge‐discharge show that the PEDOT electrodes exhibit good specific capacitance of 151.31 F/g, rate performance and stability with a retention rate of 80.25% after 5000 cycles. The thin, lightweight electrode materials show considerable potential for low‐cost, high‐performance energy storage applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46729.
Exploiting pyrolysis protocols on BTDA‐TDI/MDI (P84) polyimide/nanocrystalline cellulose carbon membrane for gas separations
Authors: Sazali N. , Salleh W. N. W. , Ismail A. F. , Wong K. C. , Iwamoto Y. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTTubular carbon membranes were fabricated by the blending of BTDA‐TDI/MDI (P84) polyimide with nanocrystalline cellulose in a controlled pyrolysis process, specifically the pyrolysis environment (He, Ar, and N2) and the thermal soak time (30–120 min). The carbon membrane layer on a tubular support is converted to carbon matrix at 800 °C with a heating rate of 3 °C min−1. The effects of these controlled pyrolysis conditions on the gas permeation properties have been investigated. The results revealed that the pyrolysis under Ar gas environment at 120 min of thermal soak time have the best gas permeation performance with the highest CO2/CH4 selectivity of 68.2 ± 3.3 and CO2 permeance of 213.6 ± 2.2 GPU. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46901.
Electrically controlled cellular migration on a periodically micropatterned PEDOT:PSS conducting polymer platform
Authors: ElMahmoudy M. , Curto V. F. , Ferro M. , Hama A. , Malliaras G. G. , O'Connor R. P. , Sanaur S. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn the field of tissue engineering, the study of cellular adhesion and migration is of crucial interest. Conducting polymers such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) provide an outstanding interface with biology due to their soft nature, which is closer to the mechanical, chemical, and morphological properties of biological systems. In this work, periodically micropatterned PEDOT:PSS thin films are used as a platform to investigate cellular migration. Human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC) show alignment and linear motion along PEDOT:PSS microstripes of varying widths (10–30 μm). In addition, an electrochemical gradient is created on the PEDOT:PSS film along these microstripes to influence the cell behavior. hCMEC cells linearly change their velocities depending on the redox state of the conducting polymer film. This work demonstrates the potential of such conducting polymer platforms to combine, at the same time, several key physicochemical factors for controlling cellular migration. In the future, we envision that these conducting polymer platforms will deliver tools for tissue regeneration and lead to new opportunities in regenerative medicine. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47029.
pH‐dependent property of carboxyl‐based ultrafiltration membranes fabricated from poly(vinyl chloride‐r‐acrylic acid)
Authors: Wang N.‐C. , Fang L.‐F. , Wang J. , Zhang P. , Wang W.‐B. , Lin C.‐E. , Xiao L. , Chen C. , Zhao B. , Abdallah H. , Matsuyama H. , Zhu B.‐K. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTCarboxyl groups in the membranes usually contribute the hydrophilicity and antifouling properties. However, membrane performance including permeation and separation properties is not stable at different pH environments due to pH sensitivity of carboxyl groups. In this work, a series of membranes from random copolymers poly(vinyl chloride‐r‐acrylic acid) [P(VC‐r‐AA)] were fabricated via nonsolvent induced phase separation process. The morphology and surface properties were investigated. The pH‐dependent property of carboxyl groups contained ultrafiltration membranes were studied in detail. The results indicated that pH sensitivity of these membrane was restrained, which was mainly attributed to the random sequential structure of VC and AA repeating unit in P(VC‐r‐AA) copolymer. The probable arched structures on the pore surface/wall at alkaline environment limited the obvious change of the pore size, which resulted in the stable permeation and separation properties at the varied pH environments. Therefore, it indicated that P(VC‐r‐AA) was a kind of promising membrane material which would be widely applied in water treatment field. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47068.
Forecasting ethanol market volatility: new evidence from the corn implied volatility index
Authors: Dutta Anupam 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlobal ethanol production has expanded significantly in recent years as a result of a sharp rise in the worldwide crude oil price. Currently, the USA is the leading producer and exporter of ethanol fuel globally and hence fluctuations in ethanol price could play a vital role in influencing the country's overall bioenergy policy. It is hence important to model and forecast the US ethanol price precisely to minimize the market risk. Surprisingly, this issue has not received considerable attention in the biofuel and bioenergy literature. To rectify this situation, the present study aims to model and predict US ethanol market volatility using the recently published corn price implied volatility (CIV) index. Employing a set of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) volatility approaches, we show that the information content of CIV index is a significant factor in explaining the variation in the ethanol price. The inclusion of the CIV index also generally improves the volatility forecasts of the US ethanol price index. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Dose escalation of radiotherapy in unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Elganainy Dalia , Holliday Emma B. , Taniguchi Cullen M. , Smith Grace L. , Shroff Rachna , Javle Milind , Raghav Kanwal , Kaseb Ahmed , Aloia Thomas A. , Vauthey Jean Nicolas , Tzeng Ching‐Wei D. , Herman Joseph M. , Koong Albert C. , Krishnan Sunil X. , Minsky Bruce D. , Crane Christopher H. , Das Prajnan , Koay Eugene J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of escalated dose radiation therapy (EDR, defined as doses >50.4 Gy in 28 fractions [59.5 Gy BED]) on overall survival (OS), freedom from local progression (FFLP), and freedom from distant progression (FFDP) of patients with unresectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC).MethodsA consecutive cohort of 80 patients who underwent radiotherapy for unresectable EHCC from 2001 to 2015 was identified. Demographic, tumor, treatment, toxicity, and laboratory variables were collected. The maximal RT doses ranged from 30 to 75 Gy (median 50.4 Gy, at 1.8‐4.5 Gy/fraction). Gross tumor volume (GTV) coverage by maximal dose in EDR group ranged from 38% to 100%. Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate OS, FFLP, and FFDP. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were analyzed.ResultsAfter radiotherapy, median OS, FFLP, and FFDP were 18.7, 22.6, and 24.3 months, respectively. There was no significant difference in OS or FFLP between patients who received EDR to portions of the GTV and patients who did not. On multivariate analysis, bigger GTV, age, and ECOG performance status were independently associated with shorter OS. Local progression on chemotherapy prior to RT was independently associated with shorter FFLP. High baseline neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (>5.3) was independently associated with shorter FFDP. Toxicity grades were similar in EDR and lower doses except lymphopenia which was higher in EDR (P = 0.053).ConclusionsEDR to selective portions of the GTV may not benefit patients with unresectable EHCC despite having acceptable toxicity. New methods to improve local control and survival for unresectable EHCC are needed.
Transcultural adaptation and validation of the Persian version of the breast cancer awareness measure (BCAM) questionnaire
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Feizi Awat 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground/objectiveEnhancing awareness level about breast cancer is a pivotal strategy for reducing breast cancer burden. There is no fully validated Persian instrument for evaluating breast cancer awareness. This study aimed at investigating the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure (BCAM) questionnaire.MethodsThis methodological cross‐sectional study was conducted among 1078 Persian language women (including 965 general women and 113 medical/clinical experts), which selected from different parts of Isfahan city using multistage cluster random sampling method. Translation of BCAM questionnaire was performed using forward‐backward method. Internal consistency was evaluated through Cronbach's α and test‐retest reliability using unweighted kappa statistic and intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. Construct validity was investigated using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as Latent class analysis (LCA), and discriminant validity using ROC curve. Convergent validity was assessed using phi and eta correlation coefficients. Ceiling and floor effects, SE of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable change (SDC) were also determined.ResultsPersian version of BCAM showed excellent test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.841) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.882). Most of the computed kappa coefficients were in the range moderate to very good (0.47‐0.81). Medical/clinical experts had higher levels of breast cancer awareness than general women, indicating good discriminant validity (Area under the curve [AUC]) of 0.822 (95% CI: 0.781, 0.864). Construct validity evaluation by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) led to extraction of two factors from 11 items (“breast shape changes” and “breast pain and lump”), and the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the adequacy of extracted construct from EFA. Latent class analysis for evaluating of construct validity led to extracting three classes from participants (high [12.83%], moderate [60.97%], and low [26.2%]) in terms of awareness levels about early warning signs of breast cancer. All item‐scale correlation coefficients exceeded the set value of 0.40, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. No ceiling and floor effects were detected. SEM and SDC were found to be 0.85 and 2.36, respectively.ConclusionsThe Persian version of BCAM is a reliable and valid instrument for monitoring levels of breast cancer awareness in general women population, also it can be used for evaluating the impacts of interventions attempting to raise breast cancer awareness.
Emerging Chemodiversity and Stereoisomerism in Acyclic Mono‐ and Dichloroalkanes
Authors: Testa Bernard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe objective of this pen‐and‐paper study is to monitor the growth of structural complexity as a function of the number of heavy atoms. This is done here using simple chloroalkanes, the indices of structural complexity being the number of regioisomers and mainly stereoisomeric features. Following a previous work dealing with acyclic alkanes, the present study focuses on all acyclic monochloroalkanes from four heavy atoms (four regioisomers) to 10 heavy atoms (2 to 211 regioisomers, respectively). Similarly, all acyclic dichloroalkanes were drawn, ranging from five heavy atoms to nine heavy atoms (4 to 130 regioisomers, respectively). The first part of the work describes the nature and number of stereoisomeric features seen to emerge in molecular structures featuring one or more stereogenic centers. These molecular features include enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, pseudoasymmetry, andmeso‐isomerism. The first appearance of chirality among the monochloro and dichloro homologs occurred in the families with five heavy atoms. Diastereoisomerism,meso‐isomerism, and pseudoasymmetry appear in higher families of homologs. The second part of the article is an attempt to rationalize the appearance of regioisomers, stereogenic centers, and stereoisomers as their number grows along homologous series, from one family of regioisomers to the higher ones. Far from being random as anticipated, such increases appear regular and ordered. Indeed, the data available demonstrate exponential increases and suggest the involvement of geometric order in the growth of chemical complexity.
Efficient Gelation of Graphene Oxide Aqueous Dispersion Induced by Sonication‐Promoted Leuckart Reaction
Authors: Song Man , Tahershamsi Leili , Zhao Jie , Zhang Zhibin , Grennberg Helena 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) undergoes a rapid gelation process in the presence of ammonium hydroxide and formic acid at room temperature which is promoted by ultrasonication. Infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy proved partial reduction of GO and nitrogen incorporation, resulting from sonication‐promoted Leuckart reactions at GO carbonyl groups. The amine groups produced via Leuckart reactions undergo further reactions that result in salt bridges with carboxylic groups and covalent cross‐links, both of which contribute to the stabilization of the resulting hydrogel. The resultant GO hydrogel exhibits enhanced thermal stability.
Virtual machine anomaly detection strategy based on cloud platform operating environment perception
Authors: Miao Xuna , Wu Xiaobo 
Published: August 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a variety of anomaly detection strategies are provided with the application of the cloud platform center in view of the processor resources allocation according to the peak load demand, provision of the single anomaly detection strategy, and the problem of the sudden increase of the abnormal rate due to the change of the resource demand. The gray waveform detection algorithm is applied to detect the anomaly arriving at the virtual machine in the future time period, and the abnormal utility function of the virtual machine is given to balance the resource requirements and anomaly detection priority, and all the virtual machines are dynamically configured for each virtual machine with the maximization of the anomaly utility value of the virtual machine as the objective. Through the global load balancing between the same virtual machines and the redistribution of the virtual machines for multiple times, the detection quantity on the virtual machine anomaly with relatively huge increase of anomaly is further increased. Finally, the anomaly detection algorithm based on the gray waveform detection in the cloud platform center ADGWT is given. Simulation experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the abnormal rate of the processors in the cloud platform, and it has practical significance to improve the completion rate of the user requests.
Implementation and optimization of a data protecting model on the Sunway TaihuLight supercomputer with heterogeneous many‐core processors
Authors: Chen Yuedan , Li Kenli , Fei Xiongwei , Quan Zhe , Li Keqin 
Published: August 2018

SummaryWith the rapid development of information technology, the security of massive amounts of digital data has attracted huge attention in recent years. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm and the Security Hash Algorithm 3 (SHA3) are extensively used as cryptographic algorithms for protecting the security of information. The Sunway TaihuLight, with massive heterogeneous many‐core SW26010 processors, has the peak performance of over 100 PFlops. To achieve high efficiency of data encryption/decryption and guarantee the data integrity for large‐scale applications, this paper proposes a fast and secure data protecting model using the parallel AES algorithm and the SHA3 on the Sunway TaihuLight. According to the particular computing architecture and memory hierarchy of the Sunway TaihuLight, we propose a fine‐grained software design for the data protecting model to fully exploit the parallelism and properly arranges the data on the Sunway. Furthermore, we propose optimization strategies for the parallel AES algorithm of the data protecting model. It is proved that our data protecting model has high security, good scalability, and excellent encryption/decryption efficiency on the Sunway. Our data protecting model achieves a high throughput of 269.95 Gbits/s, and the optimized parallel AES algorithm achieves 511.28 Gbits/s on the Sunway.
Testbed evaluation of Lightweight Authentication Protocol (LAUP) for 6LoWPAN wireless sensor networks
Authors: Arockia Baskaran Annie Gilda Roselin , Nanda Priyadarsi , Nepal Surya , He Sean 
Published: August 2018

Summary6LoWPAN networks involving wireless sensors consist of resource starving miniature sensor nodes. Since secured authentication is one of the important considerations, the use of asymmetric key distribution scheme may not be a perfect choice. Recent research shows that Lucky Thirteen attack has compromised Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) with Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode for key establishment. Even though EAKES6Lo and S3 K techniques for key establishment follow the symmetric key establishment method, they strongly rely on a remote server and trust anchor. Our proposed Lightweight Authentication Protocol (LAUP) used a symmetric key method with no preshared keys and comprised of four flights to establish authentication and session key distribution between sensors and Edge Router in a 6LoWPAN environment. Each flight uses freshly derived keys from existing information such as PAN ID (Personal Area Network IDentification) and device identities. We formally verified our scheme using the Scyther security protocol verification tool. We simulated and evaluated the proposed LAUP protocol using COOJA simulator and achieved less computational time and low power consumption compared to existing authentication protocols such as the EAKES6Lo and SAKES. LAUP is evaluated using real‐time testbed and achieved less computational time, which is supportive of our simulated results.
A Structural Basis for 129Xe Hyper‐CEST Signal in TEM‐1 β‐Lactamase
Authors: Roose Benjamin W. , Zemerov Serge D. , Wang Yanfei , Kasimova Marina A. , Carnevale Vincenzo , Dmochowski Ivan J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGenetically encoded (GE) contrast agents detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enable non‐invasive visualization of gene expression and cell proliferation at virtually unlimited penetration depths. Using hyperpolarized 129Xe in combination with chemical exchange saturation transfer, an MR contrast approach known as hyper‐CEST, enables ultrasensitive protein detection and biomolecular imaging. GE MRI contrast agents developed to date include nanoscale proteinaceous gas vesicles as well as the monomeric bacterial proteins TEM‐1 β‐lactamase (bla) and maltose binding protein (MBP). To improve understanding of hyper‐CEST NMR with proteins, structural and computational studies were performed to further characterize the Xe‐bla interaction. X‐ray crystallography validated the location of a high‐occupancy Xe binding site predicted by MD simulations, and mutagenesis experiments confirmed this Xe site as the origin of the observed CEST contrast. Structural studies and MD simulations with representative bla mutants offered additional insight regarding the relationship between local protein structure and CEST contrast.
Protocols for Measuring Glutamate Uptake: Dose‐Response and Kinetic Assays in In Vitro and Ex Vivo Systems
Authors: Fontana Andréia C. K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article presents detailed descriptions of procedures and troubleshooting tips for basic in vitro and ex vivo uptake assays for the functional characterization of glutamate transporters and the assessment of the effect of compounds that modulate their activity. Assays are performed in cell lines that transiently or stably express a particular transporter under investigation, in primary cultures of astrocytes, or in ex vivo synaptosomal preparations that endogenously express these transporters. Two main assays are described, including dose‐response assays to measure potencies of test compounds for stimulation or inhibition of function (EC50 or IC50 values, respectively) and kinetic functional assays to calculate apparent affinity (KM) and maximal velocity (Vmax) of radiolabeled substrate uptake into the cells. The methods described use glutamate transporters as an example; however, the protocols can be adapted to other neurotransmitter transporters using their respective substrates (e.g., GABA uptake through GATs, serotonin uptake through SERTs, among others). © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.