bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Metatheoretical Reflections on Adaptive Decision Making and the Strategy Selection Problem
Authors: Marewski Julian N. , Bröder Arndt , Glöckner Andreas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOrganisms must be capable of adapting to environmental task demands. Which cognitive processes best model the ways in which adaptation is achieved? People can behave adaptively, so many frameworks assume, because they can draw from a repertoire of decision strategies, with each strategy particularly fitting to certain environmental demands. In contrast to that multi‐mechanism assumption, competing approaches posit a single decision mechanism. The juxtaposition of such single‐mechanism and multi‐mechanism approaches has fuelled not only much theory‐building, empirical research, and methodological developments, but also many controversies. This special issue on “Strategy Selection: A Theoretical and Methodological Challenge” sheds a spotlight on those developments. The contribution of this introductory article is twofold. First, we offer a documentation of the controversy, including an outline of competing approaches. Second, this special issue and this introductory article represent adversarial collaborations among the three of us: we have modeled adaptive decision making in different ways in the past. Together, we now work on resolving the controversy and point to five guiding principles that might help to improve our models for predicting adaptive behavior. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical values of Ku80 upregulation in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shuai , Xi Junjie , Lin Zongwu , Hao Jiatao , Yao Can , Zhan Cheng , Jiang Wei , Shi Yu , Wang Qun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractKu80 is an important DNA repair protein. Here, this study sought to investigate clinical impacts of Ku80 expression for patients with superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Immunohistochemical analysis of Ku80 expression was carried out in normal esophageal mucosa, squamous epithelial dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and superficial ESCC. Its relationships with clinicopathological features and survival of superficial ESCC patients were further clarified. Lentivirus‐mediated RNA interference was used to silence Ku80 gene in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. Both quantitative real‐time PCR and Western blot were employed to evaluate Ku80 levels. CCK‐8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry, and tumorigenesis experiment were performed to evaluate the malignant phenotype of ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. Increased Ku80 expression was observed in dysplastic esophageal mucosa and carcinoma in situ compared to normal esophageal mucosa (P < 0.001, P < 0.001). Ku80 expression was further increased in superficial ESCC in comparison with dysplastic esophageal mucosa and carcinoma in situ (P < 0.001, P = 0.034). In superficial ESCC, Ku80 overexpression was related to tumor differentiation (P = 0.017), T status (P = 0.011), nodal involvement (P = 0.005), TNM stage (P = 0.004), and postoperative recurrence (P = 0.008). Cox proportional hazards regression showed tumor differentiation, T status, nodal involvement, TNM stage, and Ku80 expression were both independent predictors of patients’ overall survival and disease‐free survival. Ku80 shRNA effectively reduced Ku80 expression, which significantly inhibited proliferation, clone formation, and induced apoptosis in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. The tumor growth of xenografts was significantly reduced by Ku80 silencing in ECA109 and KYSE150 cells. Ku80 overexpression associates with unfavorable prognosis of superficial ESCC patients, and silencing of Ku80 could inhibit the malignant behavior of ESCC cells. We provide evidence that Ku80 has unrecognized roles in carcinogenesis and development of ESCC.
International trends in lung cancer incidence from 1973 to 2007
Authors: Zhang Yue , Ren Jian‐Song , Huang Hui‐Yao , Shi Ju‐Fang , Li Ni , Zhang Yawei , Dai Min 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLung cancer is the commonly diagnosed cancer and one of the most important avoidable causes of death around the world. We conducted the study to investigate the pattern of lung cancer incidence worldwide. Joinpoint analysis was used to extend international lung cancer incidence rates by the latest data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents over the 35‐year period 1973–2007 from 24 populations from Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Age‐standardized incidence rates (ASRs) of lung cancer were from 33.3 to 66.8 per 100,000 among males and 10.5 to 37.4 per 100,000 among females in most of Americas, Europe, and Oceania populations during the period 2003–2007. In Asia, ASRs in China (Hong Kong) were the highest, up to 53.3 per 100,000 in males and 21.9 per 100,000 in females during the period 2003–2007. The international trends between 1973 and 2007 showed that ASRs of lung cancer among males were declining in 13 of 18 selected Americas, Oceania, and Europe populations, with AAPC from −0.7% to −2.9%, whereas the rates among females in 18 selected populations were increasing, with AAPC from 1.3% to 5.0%. The increasing and decreasing trends of ASRs of lung cancer in Asia have a geographic variation but no gender differences. Although the decreasing trends in ASRs of lung cancer for males were observed, the ASRs were higher than females. The declining trends in males were mainly attributed to tobacco control, whereas the increasing trends in females should be given more concern and need to be further studied in etiology factors.
Disparities in cancer survival and incidence by metropolitan versus rural residence in Utah
Authors: Hashibe Mia , Kirchhoff Anne C. , Kepka Deanna , Kim Jaewhan , Millar Morgan , Sweeney Carol , Herget Kimberley , Monroe Marcus , Henry N. Lynn , Lopez Ana‐Maria , Mooney Kathi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCancer disparities in rural and frontier communities are an important issue in Utah because much of Utah is sparsely populated. The aims of this study were to investigate whether there are differences in the cancer incidence and 5‐year survival rates in Utah by metropolitan/rural residence and to investigate disparities in distributions of cancer risk factors. We used cancer registry records to identify patients diagnosed with a first primary cancer in Utah between 2004 and 2008. We estimated 5‐year survival and incidence rates. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of death. There were 32,498 (86.9%) patients with cancer who lived in metropolitan counties and 4906 (13.1%) patients with cancer who lived in rural counties at the time of cancer diagnosis. Patients with cancer from rural counties were more likely to be older, American Indian/Alaskan Native, non‐Hispanic, male, and diagnosed at higher stage. Rural residents had a five‐year relative survival that was 5.2% lower than metropolitan residents and a 10% increase in risk of death (HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.03, 1.18) after adjustment for multiple factors. Overall, the cancer incidence rates in rural counties were lower by 11.9 per 100,000 per year (449.2 in rural counties vs. 461.1 in metropolitan counties). Cancer patients living in rural counties of Utah had different demographic characteristics as well as differences in incidence and survival rates. Further studies with individual‐level data are necessary to investigate the reasons behind these differences in cancer incidence and survival to reduce disparities.
YL143, a novel mutant selective irreversible EGFR inhibitor, overcomes EGFRL858R, T790M‐mutant resistance in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Zou Jian , Yu Lei , Luo Jinfeng , Li Yan , Tu Zhengchao , Ren Xiaomei , Wei Hongcheng , Song Liyan , Lu Xiaoyun , Ding Ke 
Published: March 2018

AbstractYL143 was identified as a novel wild‐type sparing EGFRT790M inhibitor with good pharmacokinetic properties. It potently suppresses EGFRL858R/T790M with an 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.0 ± 0.3 nmol/L, but is approximately 92‐folds less potent against EGFRWT kinase. YL143 suppresses cellular proliferation and induces G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in H1975 cells with EGFRL858R/T790M mutation at 30 nmol/L. It also exhibits acceptable pharmacokinetics (PK) parameters with an oral bioavailability value of 25.0% after oral administration in rats and exhibits promising antitumor efficacy in a gefitinib‐resistant human H1975 xenografted model after oral administration of 30 mg/kg/day. These data supported that YL143 could be a promising lead compound for overcoming clinical EGFRT790M resistance of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Comparison of survival between right‐sided and left‐sided colon cancer in different situations
Authors: Qiu Miao‐Zhen , Pan Wen‐Tao , Lin Jun‐Zhong , Wang Zi‐Xian , Pan Zhi‐Zhong , Wang Feng‐Hua , Yang Da‐Jun , Xu Rui‐Hua 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMountain of studies has showed that right‐sided colon cancer (RSCC) and left‐sided colon cancer (LSCC) have different clinical presentation and biologic features and should be considered as two distinct disease entities. The survival difference between RSCC and LSCC remains controversial. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we identified colon adenocarcinoma patients from 2004 to 2013. The 5‐year cause‐specific survival (CSS) was our primary endpoint. All statistical analyses were performed using the Intercooled Stata 13.0. All statistical tests were two‐sided. The study included 95,847 (58.72%) RSCC and 67,385 (41.28%) LSCC patients. RSCC patients were older, more often females, more Caucasian, more unmarried, more advanced T and N stage, larger tumor sizes, and more poorly differentiated tumor, while LSCC patients had more stage IV diseases. Location was an independent prognostic factor in the multivariable analysis. Compared with RSCC patients, the hazard ratio for LSCC was 0.87, 95% CI: 0.85–0.89 P < 0.001. There was no survival difference between RSCC and LSCC in the following situations: older than 68 years old, T3–4, N0, poorly differentiated, and undifferentiated diseases. We firstly reported that RSCC patients had a better prognosis than LSCC in mucinous adenocarcinoma/signet ring cell carcinoma patients. RSCC patients also had a better prognosis than LSCC in stage II disease. There is a need for further subdivisions when analyzing the survival difference between RSCC and LSCC patients. RSCC had lower mortality rate than LSCC in stage II disease and mucinous adenocarcinoma/signet ring cell carcinoma patients.
Differences in clinicopathological characteristics and computed tomography findings between signet ring cell carcinoma and nonsignet ring cell carcinoma in early and advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Jian , Cai Rong , Ren Gang , Zhao Jianxi , Li Huali , Guo Chen , He Wenguang , Wu Xiangru , Zhang Wenjie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSignet ring cell carcinoma (SRC) of the stomach is a histological type based on microscopic characteristics. SRC's clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis are still controversial. Our study is to describe the clinicopathological features and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) findings of patients with SRC of the stomach in comparison with nonsignet ring cell adenocarcinoma (NSRC). We retrospectively analyzed data from 241 patients who had undergone curative gastrectomy, including 62 SRC and 179 NSRC. Clinicopathological outcomes and MDCT findings were evaluated, and we investigated whether these variables were correlated with histopathological type. In early gastric carcinoma, patients with SRC were younger (50.2 vs. 60.2 years; P = 0.000) and more likely to be observed in the middle and lower third stomach (P = 0.010). Early SRC had a tendency to be confined to the mucosa (82.1%). There were significant differences in degree of enhancement between early SRC and NSRC on MDCT imaging (P < 0.001). In advanced gastric carcinoma, SRC was more likely to be stage T3‐4 (100%). SRC patients had thicker tumors (P = 0.001) and a higher frequency of diffusely infiltrative gross appearance (P < 0.001). SRC was more likely to have high‐degree contrast enhancement than were NSRC (P = 0.001). The maximal diameter of SRC tumor on MDCT imaging correlated with lymph node metastasis (sensitivity 93.9%, specificity 74.1%) and serosal invasion (sensitivity 89.5%, specificity 78.0%) of SRC. In conclusion, SRC differs significantly from NSRC in clinicopathological features at presentation. MDCT could help differentiate advanced gastric SRC from NSRC based on the thickened stomach wall, high‐degree contrast enhancement, and a higher frequency of diffusely infiltrative gross appearance, particularly in combination.
Albumin‐to‐fibrinogen ratio as a promising biomarker to predict clinical outcome of non‐small cell lung cancer individuals
Authors: Li Shu‐Qi , Jiang Yu‐Huan , Lin Jin , Zhang Jing , Sun Fan , Gao Qiu‐Fang , Zhang Lei , Chen Qing‐Gen , Wang Xiao‐Zhong , Ying Hou‐Qun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractChronic inflammation is one of the critical causes to promote the initiation and metastasis of solid malignancies including lung cancer (LC). Here, we aimed to investigate the prognostic roles of albumin (Alb)‐to‐fibrinogen (Fib) ratio (AFR), Fib and Alb in LC and to establish a novel effective nomogram combined with AFR. Four hundred twelve LC patients diagnosed between February 2005 and December 2014 were recruited in this prospective study. The prognostic roles of AFR, Fib, Alb, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (MLR) were identified by X‐tile software, Kaplan–Meier curve, Cox regression model, and time‐dependent ROC. Pretreatment high circulating Fib, low AFR, and Alb were significantly associated with increased risk of death for LC patients, especially for non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in all stages. The area under curves (AUCs) of AFR, Fib, and NLR were higher than them within Alb and PLR for predicting the survival of NSCLC patients. Moreover, we found that clinical outcome of high AFR patient with chemo‐radiotherapy was superior to low AFR patient; overall survival rate of stage II‐III NSCLC patients undergoing chemo‐radiotherapy was significantly lower than the surgical patients with treatment of adjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy(P = 0.001) in low AFR subgroup. On the contrary, clinical outcome of the patients receiving chemo‐radiotherapy was the same to the patients undergoing surgery and adjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy (P = 0.405) in high AFR subgroup. In addition, c‐index of predicted nomogram including AFR (0.717) for NSCLC patients with treatment of chemo‐radiotherapy was higher than that without AFR (0.707). Our findings demonstrated that circulating pretreatment AFR might be a potential biomarker to predict clinical efficacy of surgical resection and adjuvant chemo‐radiotherapy and be a prognostic biomarker for NSCLC individuals.
Nanodisc‐Targeted STD NMR Spectroscopy Reveals Atomic Details of Ligand Binding to Lipid Environments
Authors: Muñoz‐García Juan C. , Inacio dos Reis Rosana , Taylor Richard J. , Henry Alistair J. , Watts Anthony 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSaturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy is one of the most popular ligand‐based NMR techniques for the study of protein–ligand interactions. This is due to its robustness and the fact that it is focused on the signals of the ligand, without any need for NMR information on the macromolecular target. This technique is most commonly applied to systems involving different types of ligands (e.g., small organic molecules, carbohydrates or lipids) and a protein as the target, in which the latter is selectively saturated. However, only a few examples have been reported where membrane mimetics are the macromolecular binding partners. Here, we have employed STD NMR spectroscopy to investigate the interactions of the neurotransmitter dopamine with mimetics of lipid bilayers, such as nanodiscs, by saturation of the latter. In particular, the interactions between dopamine and model lipid nanodiscs formed either from charged or zwitterionic lipids have been resolved at the atomic level. The results, in agreement with previous isothermal titration calorimetry studies, show that dopamine preferentially binds to negatively charged model membranes, but also provide detailed atomic insights into the mode of interaction of dopamine with membrane mimetics. Our findings provide relevant structural information for the design of lipid‐based drug carriers of dopamine and its structural analogues and are of general applicability to other systems.
Protein–Polymer Microcapsules for PCR Technology
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Liu Yang , Liu Jiao , Chen Zhijun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractProtein–polymer microcapsules have attracted much attention, due to their special features and potential in biological use. How to make the most of this type of bio‐abiotic hybrid material is an intriguing question. Nevertheless, several unsatisfactory technical issues significantly limited the application of these materials. For instance, introducing various biomolecules and crosslinking for the capsules remains challenging and problematic. In this report, recombinant mCherry protein was covalently linked with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) to form amphiphilic protein–polymer conjugates, which assembled into microcapsules. These microcapsules are thermoresistant and can be used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In this setting, the reactant molecules can be readily and easily introduced into the microcapsules, and crosslinking and water–oil phase transition are not necessary. This protein–polymer microcapsule PCR system has potential in various biological applications.
Feasibility, safety, and patient satisfaction of same‐day discharge following peripheral arterial interventions: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Islam Ashequl M. , Alreja Gaurav , Mallidi Jaya , Ziaul Hoque Mohammed , Friderici Jennifer 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo assess feasibility, safety, and patient satisfaction of same‐day discharge (SD) following peripheral arterial interventions.BackgroundAlthough diagnostic angiography is routinely performed as a same‐day procedure, same‐day percutaneous trans‐luminal angioplasty is less common. Because there is very low incidence of peri‐procedural complications after 4 hr, discharge after this window is possible provided the patient is able to ambulate and has necessary social support. To‐date, safety and patient satisfaction related to SD has not been studied systematically in this population.MethodAfter providing informed consent, patients undergoing out‐patient peripheral arterial interventions in a single institution between 2011 and 2015 were randomized to usual care (overnight stay, OS) or SD following successful interventions. Patient satisfaction, complications, and readmission status was ascertained by blinded telephone interviewers at 48–72 hr and 10 days post‐procedure.ResultsA total of 24 patients consented. Of these, 5 (21.7%) failed screening, leaving 19 patients for randomization to control (n = 10) and experimental group (n = 9) conditions. The SD group experienced zero complications, however their Likert scale rating scores were significantly lower than OS for perceived level of safety (P = 0.02) and likelihood of having the procedure again (P = 0.004).ConclusionThis small, single‐center randomized study found that among carefully selected peripheral arterial interventions, SD may be feasible and safe. However, patient satisfaction and perceived safety were significantly lower among SD compared to the OS condition. Larger prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
Partial cystectomy for a primary locally advanced leiomyosarcoma of the bladder: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Jayarajah Umesh , Fernando Manoj Hilary , Herath Kasun Bandara , de Silva Vipula Chandu , Goonewardena Serozsha Anura Sahadeva 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessagePartial cystectomy with wide local excision may be considered a suitable option for selective cases of locally advanced bladder leiomyosarcoma without evidence of distant metastasis; thereby preserving the functional outcome and quality of life. A negative margin, complete tumor resection, and frequent follow‐up in such patients are mandatory.
Tailored Mutants of Phenylalanine Ammonia‐Lyase from Petroselinum crispum for the Synthesis of Bulky l‐ and d‐Arylalanines
Authors: Filip Alina , Nagy Emma Z. A. , Tork Souad D. , Bánóczi Gergely , Toşa Monica I. , Irimie Florin D. , Poppe László , Paizs Csaba , Bencze László C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTailored mutants of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase from Petroselinum crispum (PcPAL) were created and tested in ammonia elimination from various sterically demanding, non‐natural analogues of phenylalanine and in ammonia addition reactions into the corresponding (E)‐arylacrylates. The wild‐type PcPAL was inert or exhibited quite poor conversions in both reactions with all members of the substrate panel. Appropriate single mutations of residue F137 and the highly conserved residue I460 resulted in PcPAL variants that were active in ammonia elimination but still had a poor activity in ammonia addition onto bulky substrates. However, combined mutations that involve I460 besides the well‐studied F137 led to mutants that exhibited activity in ammonia addition as well. The synergistic multiple mutations resulted in substantial substrate scope extension of PcPAL and opened up new biocatalytic routes for the synthesis of both enantiomers of valuable phenylalanine analogues, such as (4‐methoxyphenyl)‐, (napthalen‐2‐yl)‐, ([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐, (4′‐fluoro‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)‐, and (5‐phenylthiophene‐2‐yl)alanines.
Understanding Selective Reduction of CO2 to CO on Modified Carbon Electrocatalysts
Authors: Jung Hyejin , Lee Si Young , Won Da Hye , Kim Ki‐Jeong , Chae Sang Youn , Oh Hyung‐Suk , Min Byoung Koun , Hwang Yun Jeong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractModified carbon powders are attractive electrocatalysts for chemical conversion due to their low cost and high activity. Here, we demonstrate that electrochemical conversion activities of CO2 to CO in aqueous media are enhanced by the incorporation of transition metals into nitrogen‐doped carbon (M−N/C; M=Fe, Co, Cu). The type of the metals is thereby critical to achieve selective CO production over H2. Among M−N/C and N/C catalysts, Fe−N/C exhibited the highest faradaic efficiency for CO conversion, significantly enhanced compared with the metal‐free N‐doped carbon electrocatalyst. In addition, the catalysts containing higher pyridinic N and graphitic N but lower pyrrolic N contents favor CO production at lower bias potentials. Meanwhile, the total amount of N content in the carbon material is less important. Our CO2 reduction reaction results combined with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis propose that the modification of nitrogen states in the carbon structure is crucial in CO2RR activity.