bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Fiber‐Shaped Batteries with a Focus on Multifunctionality, Scalability, and Technical Difficulties
Authors: Mo Funian , Liang Guojin , Huang Zhaodong , Li Hongfei , Wang Donghong , Zhi Chunyi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlexible and wearable energy storage devices are receiving increasing attention with the ever‐growing market of wearable electronics. Fiber‐shaped batteries display a unique 1D architecture with the merits of superior flexibility, miniaturization potential, adaptability to deformation, and compatibility with the traditional textile industry, which are especially advantageous for wearable applications. In the recent research frontier in the field of fiber‐shaped batteries, in addition to higher performance, advances in multifunctional, scalable, and integrable systems are also the main themes. However, many difficulties exist, including difficult encapsulation and installation of separators, high internal resistance, and poor durability. Herein, the design principles (e.g., electrode preparation and battery assembly) and device performance (e.g., electrochemical and mechanical properties) of fiber‐shaped batteries, including lithium‐based batteries, zinc‐based batteries, and some other representative systems, are summarized, with a focus on multifunctional devices with environmental adaptability, stimuli‐responsive properties, and scalability up to energy textiles, with the hope of enlightening future research directions. Finally, technical challenges in the realistic wearable application of these batteries are also discussed with the aim of providing possible solutions and new insights for further improvement.
Twofold Polarization‐Selective All‐Dielectric Trifoci Metalens for Linearly Polarized Visible Light
Authors: Gao Song , Park Chul‐Soon , Zhou Changyi , Lee Sang‐Shin , Choi Duk‐Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA metasurface that features an exotic ability to arbitrarily manipulate properties of light waves at the subwavelength scale has received a burgeoning amount of interest in the field of photonic multitasking. Unlike the previous multifunctional metasurfaces, which rely on the spatial multiplexing of plasmonic nanorods/nanoapertures with identical dimensions and spatially varying orientations, multiple distinct rectangular‐shaped hydrogenated amorphous silicon nanoposts are tapped into to create a twofold all‐polarization‐controlled trifunctional metasurface. By judiciously interleaving the dielectric nanoposts, of which the lateral widths and angles of orientation can be adjusted to allow for a full 2π‐phase control, the metasurface shows a salient feature to empower triple functionalities by simultaneously tailoring the linear polarization of incident and transmitted light. As a proof of concept, a visible‐frequency trifoci metalens is designed, fabricated, and characterized, from which the three foci at distinct focal planes along the longitudinal direction are successfully attained. Substantially reduced functional crosstalk among different foci is also experimentally validated. The proposed approach is straightforward and thus can lead to the development of a wide array of multifunctional metadevices for diverse optical wave manipulations, such as the multiplexing of optical vortices and various applications in anticounterfeiting, high‐density information encryption, holography, and display.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Sodium Sulfinates with Propargylic Carbonates
Authors: Qin Anni , Zhu Guirong , Chen Qin , Qian Hui , Ma Shengming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDesulfitative cross‐coupling of propargylic carbonates with sodium sulfinates has been observed. The reaction exhibited good functional group compatibility affording allenes as a single product. Potential anticancer activities of these allene products were also studied.magnified image
The Optimal Uncertainty Relation
Authors: Li Jun‐Li , Qiao Cong‐Feng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmploying the lattice theory on majorization, the universal quantum uncertainty relation for any number of observables and general measurement is investigated. It is found that 1) the least bounds of the universal uncertainty relations can only be properly defined in the lattice theory; 2) contrary to variance and entropy, the metric induced by the majorization lattice implies an intrinsic structure of the quantum uncertainty; and 3) the lattice theory correlates the optimization of uncertainty relation with the entanglement transformation under local quantum operation and classical communication. Interestingly, the optimality of the universal uncertainty relation found can be mimicked by the Lorenz curve, initially introduced in economics to measure the wealth concentration degree of a society.
Polymernanocontainer für den Transport in das Zellinnere
Authors: Pottanam Chali Sharafudheen , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTrägersysteme für den Transport in das Zellinnere sind notwendig, um Einschränkungen klassischer Therapeutika, wie geringe Spezifität, systemische Toxizität, zu hohe Freisetzungsraten sowie geringe therapeutische Indices, überwinden zu können. Nanocontainer aus einem wassergefüllten Kern und einer Polymerhülle sind dabei von besonderem Interesse, da sie die Möglichkeiten von stimuligesteuerter Frachtfreisetzung und gezielter Oberflächenmodifikation zur Erhöhung der lokalen Selektivität kombinieren. Dieser Kurzaufsatz fasst die Herstellung wie auch die Eigenschaften derartiger Polymernanocontainer für den Transport in das Zellinnere zusammen, klassifiziert nach dem Aufbau der verwendeten Polymere.
Flavinium Catalysed Photooxidation: Detection and Characterization of Elusive Peroxyflavinium Intermediates
Authors: Zelenka Jan , Cibulka Radek , Roithová Jana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlavin‐based catalysts are photoactive in the visible range which makes them useful in biology and chemistry. Herein, we present electrospray‐ionization mass‐spectrometry detection of short‐lived intermediates in photooxidation of toluene catalysed by flavinium ions (Fl+). Previous studies have shown that photoexcited flavins react with aromates by proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) on the microsecond time scale. For Fl+, PCET leads to FlH.+ with the H‐atom bound to the N5 position. We show that the reaction continues by coupling between FlH.+ and hydroperoxy or benzylperoxy radicals at the C4a position of FlH.+. These results demonstrate that the N5‐blocking effect reported for alkylated flavins is also active after PCET in these photocatalytic reactions. Structures of all intermediates were fully characterised by isotopic labelling and by photodissociation spectroscopy. These tools provide a new way to study reaction intermediates in the sub‐second time range.
Preparation, Structural characterization and DNA binding/cleavage affinity of new bioactive nano‐sized metal (II/IV) complexes with oxazon‐Schiff's base ligand
Authors: M.A. Alaghaz Abdel‐Nasser , Aldulmani Sharah A.A. 
Published: July 2019

A novel oxazon‐Schiff's base ligand named (E)‐3‐(2‐(4‐(diethylamino)‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene)hydrazineyl)‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐2‐one (HL) has been synthesized in addition to its nano‐sized divalent and tetravalent Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Pt (IV) complexes. The structures and geometries of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed using the different analytical and spectroscopic tools such as elemental analysis, uv–vis., IR, HR‐MS, 1H NMR, ESR, TGA, XRD, EDX, TEM, SEM, AFM, magnetic and molar conductivity measurements. The elemental analyses confirm 1 M: 2 L stoichiometry of the type [PtL2].2Cl and [ML2] (M = Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II) and Zn (II)). The FT‐IR spectral studies illustrated that the ligand bind to the metal ions through the phenolic hydroxy oxygen, azo methine nitrogen carbonyl oxazin oxygen. The spectral tools; UV–Vis, ligand field parameters and ESR in addition to the magnetic moment measurements confirmed octahedral geometry around the metal centres. The absence of coordinated or hydrated water complexes were confirmed by thermal analysis data of the complexes. The electron transfer reactions for the complexes have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. XRD, SEM, TEM, and AFM images confirmed nano‐sized particles and homogeneous distribution over the complex surface. The mode of binding of the complexes with DNA has been performed through electronic absorption titration and viscosity studies. The reaction between the metal complexes and DNA were studied by DNA cleavage. In general, MCF‐7 cell were least sensitive to the tested compounds and all compounds were considerably more toxic to the studied cancer cell lines than to the normal cell line HepG‐2. The binding mode of the compounds and DNA was preferably via intercalation. In addition, these results were confirmed based on theoretical studies. Finally, a linear and exponential correlation between interaction constant (Kb) and IC50 for two human cancer cell was observed.
In Vitro and in Vivo antitumor activity and the mechanism of siphonodictyal B in human colon cancer cells
Authors: Chikamatsu Sonoko , Saijo Ken , Imai Hiroo , Narita Koichi , Kawamura Yoshifumi , Katoh Tadashi , Ishioka Chikashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLiphagal, isolated from the marine sponge Aka coralliphaga, exhibits phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase alpha (PI3Kα) inhibitory activity and cytotoxic effects in human cancer cells. Siphonodictyal B, the biogenetic precursor of liphagal, also has PI3K inhibitory activity. However, its cytotoxic or antitumor activities have not been evaluated. In this study, we demonstrated that siphonodictyal B inhibits several kinases such as CDK4/6, CDK7, and PIM2 in addition to PI3K in vitro and that siphonodictyal B exhibits more potent cytotoxic effects than liphagal against human colon cancer cell lines. Furthermore, treatment with siphonodictyal B resulted in increased PARP cleavage, a larger sub‐G1 fraction, and a larger annexin V‐positive cell population, all of which are indicative of apoptosis induction. As a mechanism of apoptosis induction, we found that siphonodictyal B activates the p38 MAPK pathway, leading the upregulation of proapoptotic factors. Moreover, siphonodictyal B increased ROS levels, thus promoting p38 MAPK pathway activation. NAC, an ROS scavenger, almost completely reversed both the cytotoxic and p38 MAPK pathway‐activating effects of siphonodictyal B. These results indicate that the p38 MAPK pathway might be involved downstream of ROS signaling as part of the mechanism of siphonodictyal B‐induced apoptosis. Finally, siphonodictyal B displayed antitumor effects in a human colon cancer xenograft mouse model and increased p38 phosphorylation in tumor tissue. These results suggest that siphonodictyal B could serve as the basis of a novel anticancer drug.
Die PET‐Mineralwasserflasche
Authors: Sattlegger Lukas , Haider Tobias , Völker Carolin , Kerber Heide , Kramm Johanna , Zimmermann Lisa , Wurm Frederik R. 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungPET‐Getränkeflaschen sind ein allgegenwärtiger Teil der modernen Alltagskultur. Sie haben die globale Trinkwasserversorgung verändert und das moderne Trinkverhalten geprägt. Gleichzeitig kommen Einwegflaschen aus Plastik durch die zunehmend sichtbaren Umweltfolgen auch immer stärker in Kritik. Der Artikel diskutiert den die komplexe Thematik der Wasserflasche aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven und die beiden Phänomene „Wasser in Plastik“ und „Plastik in Wasser“.
Carbon dynamics and environmental controls of a hilly tea plantation in Southeast China
Authors: Pang Jiaping , Li Hengpeng , Tang Xuguang , Geng Jianwei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTea plantations are widely distributed and continuously expanding across subtropical China in recent years. However, carbon flux exchanges from tea plantation ecosystems are poorly understood at the ecosystem level. In this study, we use the eddy covariance technique to quantify the magnitude and temporal variations of the net ecosystem exchange (NEE) in tea plantation in Southeast China over four years (2014–2017). The result showed that the tea plantation was a net carbon sink, with an annual NEE that ranged from −182.40 to −301.51 g C/m2, which was a much lower carbon sequestration potential than other ecosystems in subtropical China. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) explained the highest proportion of the variation in NEE and gross primary productivity (GPP) (for NEE: F = 389.89, p < .01; for GPP: F = 1,018.04, p < .01), and air temperature (Ta) explained the highest proportion of the variation in ecosystem respiration (RE) (F = 13,141.81, p < .01). The strong pruning activity in April not only reduced the carbon absorption capacity but also provided many plant residues for respiration, which switched the tea plantation to a carbon source from April to June. Suppression of NEE at higher air temperatures was due to the decrease in GPP more than the decrease in RE, which indicated that future global warming may transform this subtropical tea plantation from a carbon sink to carbon source.
N,N-Diethyl-m-Toluamide Exposure at an Environmentally Relevant Concentration Influences River Microbial Community Development
Authors: Lawrence John R. , Waiser Marley J. , Swerhone George D.W. , Roy Julie L. , Paule Armelle , Korber Darren R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Studies of the South Saskatchewan River confirmed that N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) is ubiquitous at 10 to 20 ng/L, whereas in effluent-dominated Wascana Creek, levels of 100 to 450 ng/L were observed. Effects of DEET exposure were assessed in microbial communities using a wide variety of measures. Communities developed in rotating annular reactors with either 100 or 500 ng/L DEET, verified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Microscale analyses indicated that both DEET concentrations resulted in significant (p &lt; 0.05) declines in photosynthetic biomass, whereas bacterial biomass was unaffected. There was no detectable effect of DEET on the levels of chlorophyll a. However, pigment analyses indicated substantial shifts in algal–cyanobacterial community structure, with reductions of green algae and some cyanobacterial groups at 500 ng/L DEET. Protozoan/micrometazoan grazers increased in communities exposed to 500 ng/L, but not 100 ng/L, DEET. Based on thymidine incorporation or utilization of carbon sources, DEET had no significant effects on metabolic activities. Fluorescent lectin-binding analyses showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) changes in glycoconjugate composition at both DEET concentrations, consistent with altered community structure. Principal component cluster analyses of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that DEET exposure at either concentration significantly changed the bacterial community (p &lt; 0.05). Analyses based on 16S ribosomal RNA of community composition confirmed changes with DEET exposure, increasing detectable beta-proteobacteria, whereas actinobacteria and acidimicrobia became undetectable. Further, cyanobacteria in the subclass Oscillatoriophycideae were similarly not detected. Thus, DEET can alter microbial community structure and function, supporting the need for further evaluation of its effects in aquatic habitats. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2414–2425. © 2019 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC
Abstract
N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide resulted in significant declines in photosynthetic biomass, whereas pigment analyses indicated changes in algal–cyanobacterial community structure. Numbers of protozoan grazers increased. DEET = N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide.
Cerebellar contribution to auditory feedback control of speech production: Evidence from patients with spinocerebellar ataxia
Authors: Li Weifeng , Zhuang Jiajun , Guo Zhiqiang , Jones Jeffery A. , Xu Zhiqin , Liu Hanjun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe cerebellum has been implicated in the feedforward control of speech production. However, the role of the cerebellum in the feedback control of speech production remains unclear. To address this question, the present event‐related potential study examined the behavioral and neural correlates of auditory feedback control of vocal production in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and healthy controls. All participants were instructed to produce sustained vowels while hearing their voice unexpectedly pitch‐shifted −200 or −500 cents. The behavioral results revealed significantly larger vocal compensations for pitch perturbations in patients with SCA relative to healthy controls. At the cortical level, patients with SCA exhibited significantly smaller cortical P2 responses that were source localized in the right superior temporal gyrus, primary auditory cortex, and supramarginal gyrus than healthy controls. These findings indicate that reduced brain activity in the right temporal and parietal regions are significant neural contributors to abnormal auditory‐motor processing of vocal pitch regulation as a consequence of cerebellar degeneration, which may be related to disrupted reciprocal interactions between the cerebellum and cortical regions that support the top‐down modulation of auditory‐vocal integration. These differences in behavior and cortical activity between healthy controls and patients with SCA demonstrate that the cerebellum is not only essential for feedforward control but also plays a crucial role in the feedback‐based control of speech production.
Synthesis, Docking, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Derivatives of α‐Aminoketones Appended to Sydnones as Potent Antitubercular and Antifungal Scaffolds
Authors: Dorababu Atukuri , Kamble Ravindra R. , Shaikh Saba Kauser J. , Somagond Shilpa M. , Bayannavar Praveen K. , Joshi Shrinivas D. 
Published: July 2019

3‐Arylsydnones are reported to possess striking pharmaceutical potency. α‐Aminoketone, a biologically active structural unit, is built at the fourth (electrophilic) position of sydnone and further derivatized with secondary amine and tetrazoles. The α‐aminoketone derivatives of sydnones coupled with secondary amines 4a–n were docked on enoyl acyl carrier protein (ACP) reductase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which revealed that compounds 4b, 4f, and 4i showed efficient C score values with different binding modes and hydrogen bonding. Further, these compounds were screened for antimycobacterial activity; among them, compound 4f displayed sensitivity at 6.25 μg/mL compared with the standard drug (Streptomycin) against M. tuberculosis (H37RV strain). In addition to this, α‐aminoketone derivatives of sydnones coupled with tetrazoles 8a–h were evaluated for antifungal activity. In the antifungal activity, compound 8b has exhibited potent activity at 6.25 μg/mL against Candida albicans and compound 8g at 0.4 μg/mL against Aspergillus fumigatus. The antifungal activities are comparatively better than standard antifungal agent Fluconazole at these drug concentrations. Alongside characterization of the final compounds by Fourier transform infrared, mass, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectral analyses, compounds 8b and 8g were confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic studies.
Corporate Social Responsibility in Nigeria and Rural Youths in Sustainable Traditional Industries Livelihood in Oil Producing Communities
Authors: Uduji Joseph Ikechukwu , Okolo‐Obasi Elda Nduka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSince the first oil well was drilled in Nigeria, traditional economies have suffered neglect, and rural youths do not see a future for themselves in traditional industries livelihood (TIL). We examine the impact of corporate social responsibility of multinational oil companies on youths' participation in TIL. A total of 1200 youths were sampled across the rural Niger Delta. Results from the use of a logit model indicate a significant relationship between corporate social responsibility and TIL. The findings suggest increased general memorandum of understanding interventions in canoe carving, pottery making, cloth weaving, mat making and basket weaving to revive the traditional economic activities in Nigeria. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A discontinuous Galerkin surface integral equation method for scattering from IBC targets
Authors: Kong Beibei , Ylä‐Oijala Pasi , Sihvola Ari 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA discontinuous Galerkin (DG) surface integral equation method is proposed for electromagnetic scattering from targets with the impedance boundary condition (IBC). We present electric field integral equation (EFIE), magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), and self‐dual integral equation formulations for the problem and study their numerical performance. On the basis of the results of these experiments, DG is developed for EFIE and MFIE (DG‐EFIE and DG‐MFIE). The convergence of the iterative solutions and the solution accuracy of DG‐EFIE and DG‐MFIE are further investigated for a wide range of surface impedances. The numerical performance of these formulations is found to be nearly complementary with respect to the surface impedance. The capability of the proposed DG solution strategy for calculating scattering from large multiscale IBC targets is demonstrated.
Overlooked and Understudied: Health Consequences of Weight Stigma in Men
Authors: Himmelstein Mary S. , Puhl Rebecca M. , Quinn Diane M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveA substantial amount of literature has suggested that weight stigma impairs health. Evidence on gender differences in weight stigma has been mixed, but studies of weight stigma within men have been primarily absent from the literature.MethodsIn two samples of men recruited nationally from across the United States (N = 1,753), participants completed self‐report measures assessing their height, weight, demographics, weight stigma (experienced and internalized), psychological well‐being (depression), health behaviors (sleep, alcohol, smoking, binge eating, dieting, physical activity), and self‐rated health.ResultsRegression analyses showed that, independent of race, socioeconomic status, and BMI, experienced weight stigma and weight bias internalization among men were associated with poor health, including greater depressive symptoms, increased dieting, lower self‐reported health, and increased odds of binge eating. Neither internalized nor experienced weight stigma was consistently associated with physical activity, smoking, drinking, or trouble sleeping.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that both experienced and internalized weight stigma are associated with several indices of poor health in men. It may be informative for future work to examine how men cope with weight stigma, particularly if certain coping responses to stigma involve behaviors that contribute to poorer health.
In vitro metabolism of ibrutinib in rat, dog and human hepatocytes using liquid chromatography combined with diode‐array detection and Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dong Jiangnan , Li Su , Liu Guangxuan 
Published: July 2019

RationaleIbrutinib is a potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor which has shown promising efficacy against various B‐cell malignancies. Its metabolic profiles have not been disclosed. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolism of ibrutinib in the hepatocytes of rat, dog and human.MethodsIbrutinib was incubated with hepatocytes at 37°C for 2 h, after which the samples were analyzed using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with diode‐array detection and Q‐Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/DAD‐Q‐Exactive‐Orbitrap‐MS). The acquired data were processed using MetWorks™ software.ResultsA total of 20 metabolites were structurally identified by their MS and MS2 data. M1 and M5 were unambiguously identified using authentic standards. The biotransformation of ibrutinib involved hydroxylation, hydration, oxygenation, epoxide hydrolysis, dehydrogenation, dealkylation and GSH conjugation.ConclusionsHumans have a relatively low capability for metabolizing ibrutinib. Compared with rat, dog had closer metabolic profiles to humans and would be more suitable for toxicity studies. This study provides more valuable information with respect to the in vitro disposition of ibrutinib.