bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Occupational Deregulation Affect In-Company Vocational Training? – Evidence from the 2004 Reform of the German Trade and Crafts Code
Authors: Runst Petrik , Thomä Jörg 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The European Commission actively evaluates occupational entry restrictions in all member states. This has attracted a growing interest among scholars of the German crafts sector as it is governed by an idiosyncratic national set of rules. We estimate the effects of the deregulation of the German Trade and Crafts Code in 2004 on the overall vocational training levels in affected crafts trades. We employ Difference-in-Differences regressions as well as Synthetic Control Methods on data for the entire population of the German crafts sector. We provide evidence that the overall effect of the reform on vocational training levels was negative. While we cannot comprehensively rule out all potential confounding factors, we address competing explanations related to demand shocks, recession effect, and migration. In addition, there is evidence that the overall deregulation effects can be decomposed into a sunk-cost-channel and a firm size channel.
Etiology of primary adrenal insufficiency in children: a 29-year single-center experience
Authors: Wijaya Melati , Huamei Ma , Jun Zhang , Du Minlian , Li Yanhong , Chen Qiuli , Chen Hongshan , Song Guo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in children is a rare condition and potentially lethal. The clinical characteristics are non-specific. It may be manifested as a chronic condition or crisis. The etiologies of PAI in children are different from the adult population. Therefore, diagnostic investigation becomes challenging.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted at The First Affiliated Sun Yat Sen University Pediatric Endocrine unit between September 1989 and July 2016.

Results
A total of 434 patients (237 males, 197 females) were identified as having PAI. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) was the most frequent etiology (83.4%, n = 362, male:female = 174:188), of which 351 (97.2%) were 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OH) CAH. Non-CAH etiology accounted for 11.3% (n = 49, male:female = 47:2), of which 46 (93.9%) were of non-autoimmune. The etiologies of the 49 cases were adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD; n = 22), X-linked adrenal hypoplasia congenital (X-AHC; n = 20), autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS; n = 3), triple A syndrome (n = 2), steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) gene mutation (n = 1) and adrenalectomy (n = 1). The etiology was not identified for 23 patients (5.3%, male:female =16:7). Clinical symptoms were in accordance with the incidence of genital ambiguity (42.6%), digestive symptoms (vomiting and diarrhea) (35.5%), failure to thrive (26.5%), gonadal-associated symptom (premature puberty, sexual infantilism and amenorrhea) (21.2%), hyperpigmentation (9.7%), adrenal crisis (AC; 4.1%), neurological symptoms (3.2%), fatigue (2.5%) and prolonged jaundice (2.1%). Through physical examination, 58.5% were found to have hyperpigmentation.

Conclusions
This study spanned 29 years at our institution. The etiology of PAI in children was mostly of congenital forms, which exhibits a wide spectrum of clinical characteristics. For etiological diagnosis, chromosomal karyotyping is recommended for female phenotype patients.
Early puberty in end stage renal failure and renal transplant recipients
Authors: Avnon Ziv Carmit , Tzvi-Behr Shimrit , Ben-Shalom Efrat , Rinat Choni , Becker-Cohen Rachel , Levy-Khademi Floris , Goichberg Jenny , Hirsch Harry J. , Frishberg Yaacov 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Delayed puberty and hypogonadism are common in children with chronic kidney disease and in renal transplant recipients, but precocious puberty has rarely been reported in these populations. We describe six girls with precocious and/or early-onset, rapidly progressive puberty before and following renal transplantation.

Methods
Of 112 children under the age of 18 years (67 boys, 45 girls) who received renal transplants between 2010 and 2018, six girls presented with precocious or rapidly progressive early puberty at ages 6–7/12, 7–2/12, 7–4/12, 8, 8–8/12 and 8–11/12 years. Clinical evaluation included measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), Tanner staging and bone age assessment. Gonadotropin responses to intravenous gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) or intramuscular triptorelin acetate were determined.

Results
Tanner breast stage 3 was noted at 2–6 years following renal transplantation in five girls, four with preserved kidney function. One girl began puberty before renal transplantation. Peak luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were 6.5, 20.2, 7.83, 19.1, 9 and 2.2 mIU/mL and 13, 8.3, 8.01, 7.5, 8.1 and 7.7 mIU/mL, respectively. Treatment with an intramuscular slow-release formulation of triptorelin acetate every 4 weeks slowed progression of breast development.

Conclusions
Although delayed puberty is more common in children with renal disease, precocious puberty can also be seen. Evaluation of growth and puberty by a pediatric endocrinologist should be part of the routine care for all children following kidney transplantation.
Synthesis and structural characterization of the complexes of 2-(menthoxycarbonyl)ethyltin chloride
Authors: Lin Yichao , Guo Minghui , Liu Jin , Tian Laijin , Liu Xicheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe complexes of 2-(menthoxycarbonyl)ethyltin chloride, MenOCOCH2CH2SnCl3⋅L (Men = Menthyl, L = benzyl phenyl sulfoxide (bpSO),1; 2,2’-bipyridine (bpy),2; 1,10-phenanthroline (phen),3) and [MenOCOCH2CH2SnCl2(OCH3)]2(4), have been synthesized and characterized by means of elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR (1H,13C and119Sn) spectra. The crystal structures of1,3and4have been determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The tin atoms in1-4are all hexa-coordinated. The tin atom in1adopts a distorted [CSnCl3O2] octahedral geometry with an oxygen atom of the ligand and an intramolecular coordination of the oxygen atom from the carbonyl group to the tin atom. Complex3possesses a distorted [CSnCl3N2] octahedral geometry with two nitrogen atoms of a chelating phen ligand. The carbonyl oxygen atom of the ester moiety is not coordinating. Compound4is a centrosymmetric dimer with a four-membered Sn2O2ring, and the tin atom has a distorted [CSnCl2O3] octahedral geometry with an intramolecular C=O→Sn coordination and intermolecular methoxy bridging.
An Improved Ping-Pong Protocol Using Three-Qubit Nonmaximally Nonorthogonal Entangled States
Authors: Kaur Hargeet , Kumar Atul 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We analyse the ping-pong (PP) protocol [K. Bostrom and T. Felbinger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 187902 (2002)] using different sets of partially entangled three-qubit states. Interestingly, our results show that the partially entangled nonorthogonal three-qubit states are more useful as resources in comparison to three-qubit maximally entangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. The properties of orthogonal set of partially entangled states as resources for PP protocol, however, are similar to that of maximally entangled GHZ states – both the states are not preferable due to the vulnerability towards eavesdropping. On the other hand, partially entangled nonorthogonal basis set holds importance for transferring two-bit information, one each from a sender, to a single receiver. The protocol is further analysed for various eavesdropping attacks, and the results are compared with the use of two shared Bell pairs for two-bit information transfer. Surprisingly, the use of partially entangled nonorthogonal set of states is found to offer better qubit efficiency and increased security, as against the use of two separate maximally entangled Bell states with orthogonal basis. In addition, we also propose a mixed-state sharing protocol to further enhance the security of the PP protocol.
AISI 316L tipi paslanmaz çeliklerin frezelemesinde MQL şartlarının takım ömrüne etkisi
Authors: TUNÇ Lütfi Taner 
Published: May 2019

.Nükleer,
havacılık ve enerji sektörlerindeki büyük ölçekteki parçaların üretiminde ve
bakımında kullanılan talaşlı imalat süreçlerinin toplam maliyetini düşürmek
amacıyla robotik frezeleme, taşınabilir imalat yaklaşımı açısından, önemli
fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Ancak robotik frezeleme sistemleri etrafında su geçirmez
kabin bulunmaması, CNC işleme merkezlerinde kullanılan yüksek akışlı soğutma
tekniklerinin kullanımına izin vermemektedir. Böyle durumlarda, özellikle
metalik malzemelerin frezelemesinde en az miktarda yağlama (MQL) tekniği öne
çıkmaktadır. Ancak, MQL sistemlerinde kullanılan, hava basıncı, yağ akış oranı,
yağ tipi ve yağlama sıklığı gibi parametrelerin frezelemede takım ömrüne etkisi
konusunda çok fazla çalışma yapılmamıştır ve bu konuda araştırılması gereken
yönler vardır. Bu makalede, AISI 316L gibi nükleer imalat sektöründe çokça
kullanılan paslanmaz çeliklerin frezelemesinde MQL teknolojisinin takım ömrüne
etkilerinin anlaşılması için deneysel sonuçlar sunulmuş ve tartışılmıştır.
Kesme testleri, robotik frezeleme hücresinde yapılmış ve takım ömrü de optik
mikroskopi yöntemleriyle takım üzerindeki aşınma alanı ölçülerek değerlendirilmiştir.
Elde edilen sonuçlara göre MQL şartlarının takım aşınmasına ve yüzey
bütünlüğüne önemli etkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, MQL
yağlarının tipi de takım aşınması ve ömrünü önemli derecede etkilemektedir.
AISI 316L tipi çeliğin MQL ile frezelemesinde en uzun takım ömrü, doğada
çözünebilen bitkisel tabanlı yağ ile elde edilmiştir. Bazı MQL yağlarının, kuru
kesmeye çok yakın takım ömrü sağladığı da gözlemlenmiştir.
Makine öğrenmesi teknikleri ile ikili yürütülebilir dosyalarda arabellek taşması zayıflığı analizi için yeni bir yaklaşım
Authors: DURMUŞ Gürsoy , SOĞUKPINAR İbrahim 
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada, ikili yürütülebilir dosya formatlı
yazılımların arabellek taşması güvenlik zayıflığı analizinde kullanılmak üzere
makine öğrenmesi teknikleri kullanılarak geliştirilen yeni bir yöntem ve
başarımı sunulmuştur Bir
yazılım öğesinin güvenlik zayıflığı içerip içermediğinin analizi yazılımın
güvenli olup olamadığına karar vermede belirleyici bir unsurdur. Geleneksel
yöntemler ile bir yazılımın güvenli olup olmadığı değerlendirilirken; yazılıma
ait güvenlik gereksinimlerinin incelenmesi, kaynak kod analizi ve yazılım
güvenlik test faaliyetleri icra edilebilir. Bu faaliyetler sırası ile yazılım
ile ilgili gereksinimlerin belgelendirilmiş olması, yazılım kaynak kodlarının
mevcut olması ve yazılım güvenliği konusunda uzman test ekiplerine olan
bağımlılıkları nedeni ile çoğu zaman son kullanıcı tarafından tekrarlanamayan
faaliyetlerdir. Söz konusu yazılım ikili yürütülebilir dosya formatında
olduğunda, son kullanıcı tarafında güvenlik analizlerinin yapılabilmesi için
sadece ikili yürütülebilir dosyanın girdi olarak kullanılabileceği sistemlere
ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
EVALUACION CLINICA Y RADIOGRAFICA DE IMPLANTES REHABILITADOS CON SOBREDENTADURAS MANDIBULARES Y SOMETIDOS A CARGA INMEDIATA. 36 MESES DE OBSERVACION
Authors: Aristizabal Hoyos Juan Alberto , Zuñiga Diaz Diego Fernando , Chacón Arboleda Paula Tatiana 
Published: May 2019

Introducción : El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar clínica y radiográficamente después de 36 meses de función, 54 implantes colocados en el maxilar inferior y rehabilitados con sobredentaduras bajo el protocolo de carga inmediata, utilizando sistema de retención tipo bola. Métodos: 27 pacientes totalmente edéntulos quienes atendieron el llamado de control después de 36 meses de haber recibido cada uno dos implantes marca BioHorizons de conexión interna, instalados en la región inter foraminal del maxilar inferior. Los 54 implantes fueron evaluados en términos de supervivencia, cantidad de pérdida ósea peri-implantar, estado de los tejidos peri-implantares, el comportamiento de la prótesis y el grado de satisfacción de los pacientes. Resultados: La tasa de supervivencia a los 36 meses fue de 98.14%, el promedio de perdida ósea radiográfica fue de 0,74 ±0,5, el 60,1% de los implantes presentaron nivel de placa grado 0, el 33,2% evidenció placa únicamente cuando se instrumentó con la sonda alrededor del implante, el promedio de profundidad al sondaje fue de 1,75 ±0,75 mm. Se encontró que el 57% de las prótesis tenían retención activa , El 43% no presentó retención o su retención estaba dada por uno solo de sus elementos, el 53,8% de las sobredentaduras se encontraron estables en el momento de la evaluación , el 100% de los pacientes manifestaron satisfacción total. Conclusión: a 36 meses de observación una sobre dentadura mandibular retenida por pilares en bola colocada sobre dos implantes no ferulizados y cargados inmediatamente parece ser un tratamiento predecible para pacientes con desdentación total inferior con una alta tasa de supervivencia de los implantes, con unos niveles de pérdida ósea peri implantar dentro de los estándares reportados por la literatura y con un alto grado de satisfacción de los pacientes.
Anamnestic and microbiological predictors of miscarriage
Authors: Sinyakova Anna A. , Shipitsyna Elena V. , Budilovskaya Olga V. , Bolotskikh Vyacheslav M. , Savicheva Alevtina M. 
Published: May 2019

Hypothesis/aims of study. Miscarriage is a significant medical and social problem. The etiology of pregnancy losses is diverse and depends on many factors. It is believed that dysbiotic disorders of the vagina are one of the main causes of this pathology. While the etiopathogenesis of miscarriage is actively studied, many questions still remain open. The aim of the study was to investigate anamnestic and microbiological predictor factors of miscarriage.
Study design, materials, and methods. In a prospective cohort study, 159 pregnant women were examined in the first trimester of pregnancy: the anamnesis, course of pregnancy, vaginal microflora, and present pregnancy outcome were studied. The vaginal microflora was analyzed using microscopic, bacteriological and quantitative real-time PCR methods. Depending on the present pregnancy outcome, the patients were divided into two groups: those delivered at term and women with early and late miscarriage. The analysis of predictors of miscarriage of the ongoing pregnancy was performed depending on the period of delivery.
Results. The rate of miscarriage in women was 13%. The independent predictors of early miscarriage were chronic endometritis (OR 10.54; 95% CI 2.54 to 43.64), the dominance of Lactobacillus iners in the vaginal microflora (OR 8.52; 95% CI 2.07 to 35.05), and the prevalence of non-Lactobacillus species in microscopy of vaginal preparations (OR 4.50; 95% CI 1.02 to 19.69). The dominance of Lactobacillus crispatus was a significant protective factor of late miscarriage (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.99).
Conclusion. The undertaken analysis revealed significant associations of a number of anamnestic and microbiological predictor factors with miscarriage, which will enable to substantiate approaches for predicting pregnancy outcomes at different gestational age and to develop methods of pre-conception care and treatment in women with different risk of miscarriage.
Perceived Barriers to Meditation Among College Students: The Role of Personality Traits
Authors: Whitford Samantha , Warren Keith 
Published: May 2019

Background: Meditation is likely to be a useful intervention for anxiety and depression, and is increasingly common as a clinical intervention and informal practice among university students. However, meditation dropout rates are high, and it is likely that perceived barriers to meditation play a role. While neuroticism is known to predict dropout, there has been no study relating personality traits to these barriers.Aim: To better understand the barriers to meditation practice that university students experience.Methods: We used online survey data to analyze the relationship between personality traits, whether students practice meditation, time spent on academic and other work, and university students’ perception of barriers to meditation.Results: We found a nonlinear relationship between neuroticism and perceived barriers; the number of perceived barriers increased with increased neuroticism but eventually flattened out. Participants who meditate perceive more barriers than those who do not. We found no relationship between time spent in other activities and perception of barriers.Conclusions: Those students who would benefit most from meditation may have the most trouble continuing. Clinicians applying meditation as an intervention in a university setting should be ready to work with students on barriers to practice.
Clinical profile and lipid abnormalities in subclinical and overt primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Hiregoudar Mrutyunjay B. , Mohanty Pradeep Kumar , Tripaty Sagnika , Kerketta Amita , Soren Uttam Kumar , Sukla Sunil Kumar 
Published: May 2019

Background: Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism, affects metabolism of lipids particularly that of cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride. Hypercholesterolemia predisposes to atherosclerosis and thereby increases cardiovascular risks.Methods: Hundred patients of primary hypothyroidism of age more than 15 yrs were included. Five milliliters of venous blood was drawn in fasting state and serum obtained; thyroid function test (TFT) and fasting lipid profile were performed. Based on the TFT, patients were categorized as sub clinical or overt hypothyroidism. Clinical data, thyroid and lipid profiles obtained were analyzed and compared using statistical methods.Results: Seventy patients were females and thirty were males in the ratio of 2.3:1. Most common age group was 51-60years followed by 41-50years. Most common symptom was generalised weakness followed by weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, hair loss, paraesthesia’s. Most common signs were myxoedema, delayed ankle reflex relaxation, dry and coarse skin, bradycardia, non-pitting peripheral edema, madarosis, pallor, goiter. Patients with Overt hypothyroidism had significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol(249.1±31.7 mg/dl), Triglycerides (191.5±68.5 mg/dl) and LDL cholesterol(167.7±31 mg/dl) than the Subclinical hypothyroidism with total cholesterol(202±19.8),triglycerides(155.6±35) and LDL cholesterol(129±21.1) but HDL cholesterol level remains normal in both overt (44.0±4.7) and subclinical (43.1±4.4)hypothyroidism respectively.Conclusions: Patients with Overt hypothyroidism had significantly higher levels of Total cholesterol, Triglycerides (TG) and LDL cholesterol than the Subclinical hypothyroidism but HDL cholesterol level remains normal in both. So, concomitant estimation of lipid profile in hypothyroidism patients is needed for early intervention and prevention of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Risk estimates and features of infectious events in subjects with different causes and level of neutropenia
Authors: Manuli E. , Intra J. , Limonta G. , Brambilla P. 
Published: May 2019

Neutropenia is diagnosed when absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is less than 1,500 cells/µL.1 Specific causes and severity of neutropenia were directly related to the risk of infection. Four decades ago, Bodey et al. demonstrated an inverse relationship between neutrophils number and infection in subjects affected by acute leukemia after chemotherapy.2 The risk of infection increased when ANC was less than 500 cells/µL for a long period, whereas it is decreased when ANC is greater than 500 cells/µL and the duration of neutropenia is reduced.
THE EFFECT OF MEMORIZING QURAN ON THE CHILDREN COGNITIVE INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Slamet Sri 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of Study: The present research aimed to find out whether memorizing Quran (tahfidz Quran) affected cognitive intelligence in kindergarten students. The research was conducted at Mardisiwi Islamic Kindergarten, Surakarta, Indonesia. The population consisted of a student group at the kindergarten. Ten students of the group were selected as the samples using a saturated sampling technique. The data source consisted of kindergarten students, a recapitulation of evaluation towards students, and data on students.
Methodology: The data was collected through test, observation, documentation, and interviews. The kindergarten students should memorize Al Insyirah surah of Quran using the Tasalsuli method. The observation of cognitive intelligence results was measured before (pre-treatment) and after the treatment (post-treatment). The results revealed that the procedure of memorizing Quran improved children cognitive intelligence.
Results: The research concluded that memorizing Quran in kindergarten might positively improve the children cognitive intelligence.
Implications/Applications: The cognitive intelligence score of children was 25.40 after the treatment. The score had an improvement of 5.00 then the pre-treatment test with a score of 20.40. The pre-treatment test resulted in 63.75% of improvement, while the post-treatment test resulted in 79.38%. The difference was 15.63%.
MODERN LIFESTYLE AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ULCERATIVE COLITIS INCIDENCE
Authors: Bikbavova G. R. , Livzan M. A. , Sovalkin V. I. , Turchaninov D. V. , Lopatina O. E. , Tretyakova T. V. , Ahramovich A. P. , Gordienko T. S. 
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study. To assess the significance of surrogate markers of the «hygienic hypothesis», the «old friends theory» and the hypothesis of «depletion of biomes» in the development of ulcerative colitis among the population of Western Siberia.Materials and methods: an active survey (interviewing) of 81 patients with ulcerative colitis and 39 healthy respondents was conducted. The main surrogate markers of the «hygienic theory», the hypotheses of «old friends» and «depletion of biomes» were studied: past infestations, pets in childhood, use of antibiotics, breastfeeding, family size (number of siblings), attendance at pre-school institutions, accommodation in a dormitory while studying, accommodation in a city or a village, type of drinking water supply and the type of water respondents use for drinking; in the framework of the «biome depletion» theory, in addition to the markers listed above, a sugar consumption rate was assessed. Consumption of simple carbohydrates was calculated based on the number of cups of tea and/or coffee drunk per week and the number of teaspoons or cubes of sugar that the respondent puts in one cup.Results. Among the indirect markers of the «hygiene hypothesis» and the theory of «old friends» examined, only one effect the risk of ulcerative colitis among the population of the Omsk region — visiting preschool institutions (2I = 4,59, p <0,05). Of the indirect signs of the «biome depletion» hypothesis examined, significant differences were found in the amount of simple carbohydrates consumed: patients with ulcerative colitis consumed more sugar with tea and/or coffee in the period before the first signs of the disease than healthy respondents (U = 1214,0; Z = 2,0; p = 0,04).Conclusion. In our study, the statistical significance of such factors as rare visits to kindergartens and the consumption of large amount of sugar by patients with ulcerative colitis in the period before the onset of the disease in comparison with healthy respondents was demonstrated.