bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between polymorphisms of growth hormone, leptin and myogenic factor 5 genes with some milk yield traits in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Metin Kiyici Jale , Arslan Korhan , Akyuz Bilal , Kaliber Mahmut , Aksel Esma Gamze , Çinar Mehmet Ulaş 
Published: June 2018

This study was conducted to identify gene polymorphisms and to investigate the relationships of polymorphisms with yield and composition of milk from Holstein cows. Significant relationships of growth hormone (GH), leptin (LEP) and myogenic factor 5 (MYF5) gene polymorphisms with 305‐day milk yield were observed (P < 0.01). Signal transducers and activators of transcription 5A (STAT5A) gene polymorphism did not show any significant relationships with investigated traits (P > 0.05). With regard to the 305‐day milk yield, GH‐LV, LEP‐AA and AB and MYF5‐GG genotypes were found to be superior over the other genotypes. It was concluded based on present findings that GH, LEP and MYF5 genes could be used as candidate genes for milk yield of Holstein cows.
Abnormal vaginal bleeding in women of reproductive age treated with edoxaban or warfarin for venous thromboembolism: a post hoc analysis of the Hokusai‐VTE study
Authors: Scheres LJJ , Brekelmans MPA , Ageno W , Ay C , Büller HR , Eichinger S , Hutten BA , Klok FA , Middeldorp S , Schreiber K , Stach K , Blondon M , Delluc A 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics and outcome of abnormal vaginal bleeding in women receiving edoxaban or warfarin for treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE).Design and settingPost hoc analysis of the Hokusai‐VTE study, a multicentre, randomised, double‐blind trial comparing edoxaban with warfarin for acute symptomatic VTE.PopulationWomen below 50 years receiving edoxaban or warfarin for treatment of VTE.MethodsWe collected data on diagnostic measures, treatment, and clinical outcome of abnormal vaginal bleeding events.Main outcome measuresOccurrence of major and clinically relevant nonmajor (CRNM) abnormal vaginal bleeding events.ResultsIn all, 628 women aged under 50 years were treated with edoxaban and 665 with warfarin. The rate of abnormal vaginal bleeding was 15/100 person‐years (py) (95% CI 11–19) in women receiving edoxaban and 9/100 py (95% CI 6–12) in the warfarin group (hazard ratio: 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.5). Major abnormal vaginal bleeding occurred in eight (1.3%) women on edoxaban and in three (0.9%) women receiving warfarin [odds ratio (OR) 2.8; 95% CI 0.8–10.8], and CRNM abnormal vaginal bleeding occurred in 53 (8.4%) women treated with edoxaban and in 37 (5.6%) on warfarin therapy (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0–2.4). Over 85% of all vaginal bleeds were characterised by heavy menstrual bleeding. Major bleeds frequently required treatment, and in more than 75% of patients anticoagulant therapy was adjusted. The severity of clinical presentation and course of major and CRNM bleeds was mild in most patients.ConclusionsAbnormal vaginal bleeding occurred more frequently in women treated with edoxaban than with warfarin. Reassuringly, most events could be managed conservatively and had a mild outcome.Tweetable abstractAbnormal vaginal bleeding occurred more frequently in women treated with edoxaban than with warfarin.
Previously Unreported Complication of Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: Suture Rupture Resulting in Patient's Death
Authors: Criss Benjamin E. , Zimmermann Nives , Butler Randall T. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTraditionally, the manner of death in most hospital autopsy cases is natural, in which death is due to the natural course of disease or reasonably anticipated outcomes of medical interventions. Some cases fall into a potential gray zone between natural and accident, including rare or unanticipated outcomes of medical interventions. We present a case of a patient postcoronary artery bypass graft. Autopsy revealed the proximal anastomosis of the aorta‐to‐first‐diagonal‐coronary‐artery‐to‐second‐obtuse‐marginal‐artery graft was detached from the aorta. A broken suture was present at the disconnected anastomosis, with intact knots but was broken along its length. In‐hospital mortality rates of CABG range from 1% to 3%, with several autopsy studies identifying surgical complications as the cause of death in one‐third of perioperative deaths. No publications were found that described suture rupture as directly relating to the cause of death. This case report describes a previously unreported complication of coronary artery bypass grafting.
Adipocere Formation in Subtropical Climate of Northern India: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Sikary Asit Kumar , Behera Chittaranjan , Murty Om Prakash 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdipocere formation depends upon multiple environmental factors. In comparison with temperate countries, it usually develops early in the subtropical climate. We have studied a retrospective data of 31 cases with adipocere formation at Department of Forensic Medicine at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi. Most of the cases were recovered during the month of May to October from closed rooms at home, open grounds, open forest areas, various water sources, and riverbanks. The time duration of recovery from the time of death was from 12 h to 7 days 12 h. In 10 cases, adipocere formation was seen within 2 days, and in four male cases among them, the adipocere formed within a day. Most of the bodies showing adipocere formation within 2 days were recovered from land. These facts showed that subtropical climate having hot and humid weather promotes early adipocere formation compared to temperate climate.
Plant phenolics mediated bottom‐up effects of elevated CO2 on Acyrthosiphon pisum and its parasitoid Aphidius avenae
Authors: Yan Hong‐Yu , Guo Hong‐Gang , Sun Yu‐Cheng , Ge Feng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractElevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 can alter plant secondary metabolites, which play important roles in the interactions among plants, herbivorous insects and natural enemies. However, few studies have examined the cascading effects of host plant secondary metabolites on tri‐trophic interactions under elevated CO2 (eCO2). In this study, we determined the effects of eCO2 on the growth and foliar phenolics of Medicago truncatula and the cascading effects on two color genotypes of Acyrthosiphon pisum (pink vs. green) and their parasitoid Aphidius avenae in the field open‐top chambers. Our results showed that eCO2 increased photosynthetic rate, nodule number, yield and the total phenolic content of M. truncatula. eCO2 had contrasting effects on two genotypes of A. pisum; the green genotype demonstrated increased population abundance, fecundity, growth and feeding efficiency, while the pink genotype showed decreased fitness and these were closely associated with the foliar genstein content. Furthermore, eCO2 decreased the parasitic rate of A. avenae independent of aphid genotypes. eCO2 prolonged the emergence time and reduced the emergence rate and percentage of females when associated with the green genotype, but little difference, except for increased percentage of females, was observed in A. avenae under eCO2 when associated with the pink genotype, indicating that parasitoids can perceive and discriminate the qualities of aphid hosts. We concluded that eCO2 altered plant phenolics and thus the performance of aphids and parasitoids. Our results indicate that plant phenolics vary by different abiotic and biotic stimuli and could potentially deliver the cascading effects of eCO2 to the higher trophic levels. Our results also suggest that the green genotype is expected to perform better in future eCO2 because of decreased plant resistance after its infestation and decreased parasitic rate.
DOES INCREASING WOMEN'S EDUCATION REDUCE THEIR RISK OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE? EVIDENCE FROM AN EDUCATION POLICY REFORM
Authors: WEITZMAN ABIGAIL 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough scholars have employed rigorous causal methods to examine the relationship between education and crime, few of them have taken a causal approach to the study of education and intimate partner violence (IPV) specifically. From a social causation perspective, improving women's education should protect them from violence, yet from a social selection perspective, education could proxy for unobserved factors that explain negative associations between education and IPV. In this study, I adjudicate between the two possibilities using an exogenous source of variation in education—a 1990s compulsory schooling reform in Peru. Specifically, I conduct an instrumented regression discontinuity that implicitly controls for women's unobserved endowments by comparing women who were aged slightly younger (N = 8,195) and slightly older (N = 6,645) than the school‐age cutoff at the time of the reform. Consistent with the social causation perspective, increasing women's schooling reduced both their recent and longer term probabilities of psychological, physical, and sexual IPV, as well as their recent and longer term probabilities of experiencing any IPV and polyvictimization. The results of supplemental mediation analyses provide support for three interrelated causal pathways—improvements in women's personal resources, delayed family formation, and changes in partner selection. These findings confirm the protective effects of women's education and further illuminate the mechanistic processes by which this occurs.
Population‐representative analysis of dietary supplementation among Americans with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wilson Patrick B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundFew population‐representative studies have examined dietary supplement use among Americans with diabetes mellitus (DM). This investigation analyzed dietary supplementation and DM data from the 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsData from 5040 adult participants were analyzed, including 639 participants reporting a diagnosis of DM (Method 1), which increased to 1036 after including participants reporting “borderline” DM or prediabetes (Method 2). Participants reported dietary supplements used over the past month. The prevalence of supplementation was compared among participants with and without DM using the Rao–Scott likelihood Chi‐squared test; multivariate logistic regression was used to examine whether DM was an independent predictor of supplementation.ResultsRegardless of whether Method 1 or Method 2 was used, dietary supplementation was more prevalent among participants with DM (Method 1, 61.4% vs. 54.4%, P = 0.024; Method 2, 62.7% vs. 53.5%, P < 0.001). After adjusting for a variety of demographic and health‐related variables, the presence of DM was no longer associated with supplementation for Method 1 (odds ratio [OR] 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78–1.32; P = 0.925) or Method 2 (OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.91–1.41; P = 0.238). Approximately four of every five products taken for the purpose of managing DM were self‐prescribed, the most common being multivitamins–minerals, cinnamon‐containing supplements, and chromium‐containing supplements.ConclusionsSlightly more than six out of 10 Americans with DM use dietary supplements each month and, although this is higher than Americans without DM, it does not appear to be due to DM per se.
Differential aging‐related changes in neurophysiology and gene expression in IB4‐positive and IB4‐negative nociceptive neurons
Authors: Mis Malgorzata A. , Rogers Mark F. , Jeffries Aaron R. , Wilbrey Anna L. , Chen Lubin , Yang Yang , Dib‐Hajj Sulayman , Waxman Stephen G. , Stevens Edward B. , Randall Andrew D. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDespite pain prevalence altering with age, the effects of aging on the properties of nociceptors are not well understood. Nociceptors, whose somas are located in dorsal root ganglia, are frequently divided into two groups based on their ability to bind isolectin B4 (IB4). Here, using cultured neurons from 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, 8‐, 12‐, and 18‐month‐old mice, we investigate age‐dependent changes in IB4‐positive and IB4‐negative neurons. Current‐clamp experiments at physiological temperature revealed nonlinear changes in firing frequency of IB4‐positive, but not IB4‐negative neurons, with a peak at 8 months. This was likely due to the presence of proexcitatory conductances activated at depolarized membrane potentials and significantly higher input resistances found in IB4‐positive neurons from 8‐month‐old mice. Repetitive firing in nociceptors is driven primarily by the TTX‐resistant sodium current, and indeed, IB4‐positive neurons from 8‐month‐old mice were found to receive larger contributions from the TTX‐resistant window current around the resting membrane potential. To further address the mechanisms behind these differences, we performed RNA‐seq experiments on IB4‐positive and IB4‐negative neurons from 1‐, 8‐, and 18‐month‐old mice. We found a larger number of genes significantly affected by age within the IB4‐positive than IB4‐negative neurons from 8‐month‐old mice, including known determinants of nociceptor excitability. The above pronounced age‐dependent changes at the cellular and molecular levels in IB4‐positive neurons point to potential mechanisms behind the reported increase in pain sensitivity in middle‐aged rodents and humans, and highlight the possibility of targeting a particular group of neurons in the development of age‐tailored pain treatments.
A Longitudinal Examination of Decisions to Ride and Decline Rides with Drinking Drivers
Authors: Hultgren Brittney A. , Turrisi Rob , Mallett Kimberly A. , Ackerman Sarah , Larimer Mary E. , McCarthy Denis , Romano Eduardo 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundRiding with a drinking driver (RWDD) is a serious concern that leads to numerous preventable deaths every year. There is a significant gap in research on empirically tested predictors of RWDD that could be implemented in prevention efforts. College students are in need of such prevention efforts, as they have some of the highest rates of alcohol‐related crash fatalities and may engage in RWDD more than their noncollege peers. This study utilized behavioral decision‐making approach to examine predictors of RWDD and declining a ride from a drinking driver (Decline) in older college students.MethodsStudents (n = 791) in their third year of college were enrolled from 3 large and diverse universities. Psychosocial (e.g., expectancies, norms) and decision‐making variables (willingness to RWDD and intentions to use alternatives) were assessed in the fall of their third year. One year later, RWDD and Decline behaviors were assessed. Zero‐inflated Poisson analyses were used to assess how decision‐making variables predicted RWDD and Decline behavior. Associations between psychosocial and decision‐making variables were also assessed.ResultsThirteen percent of students reported RWDD and ~28% reported Decline behavior. Willingness to RWDD and typical weekly drinking were both associated with increases in RWDD (odds ratio [OR] = 1.58 and 1.40, respectively), whereas intentions to use alternatives, sex, and ethnicity were not associated with RWDD. Only weekly drinking was associated with Decline, with an increase in drinking associated with increased Decline (OR = 1.48). All psychosocial variables were significantly associated with the decision‐making variables except positive expectancies.ConclusionsResults provide evidence that willingness to RWDD is a predictor of future RWDD, even if students intend to use safe alternatives. Future research is needed to better understand decision‐making factors that influence Decline. Results also suggest prevention and interventions efforts, such as brief motivational intervention, Parent‐Based Interventions, and normative feedback interventions could be adapted to reduce RWDD.
A tale of two formulas: Differentiation of subtle anterior MI from benign ST segment elevation
Authors: Bozbeyoğlu Emrah , Aslanger Emre , Yıldırımtürk Özlem , Şimşek Barış , Karabay Can Yücel , Şimşek Mustafa Aytek , Tekkeşin Ahmet İlker , Değertekin Muzaffer , Kozan Ömer 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt may sometimes be difficult to differentiate subtle ST‐segment elevation (STE) due to anterior myocardial infarction (MI) from benign variant (BV) STE. Recently, two related formulas were proposed for this purpose. However, they have never been tested in an external population.Materials and methodsConsecutive patients from May 2017 to January 2018, who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute anterior STEMI, were enrolled. Electrocardiograms were systematically reviewed and only subtle ones were included. First 200 consecutive patients with noncardiac chest pain were also enrolled as a control group. Relevant electrocardiographic parameters were measured.ResultsA total of 379 anterior MI and 200 BV‐STE cases were enrolled during study period. A total of 241 patients in STEMI group were excluded for not matching subtleness criteria, four patients in control group were also excluded because of prior left‐anterior descending artery intervention. The three‐variable formula, with recommended cut‐point of 23.5, had a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 73.9%, 86.7%, and 81.4%, respectively. The four‐variable formula, with the published cut‐point of 18.2, had a sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of 83.3%, 87.7%, and 85.9%, respectively.ConclusionThree‐ and four‐variable formulas with recommended cutoffs have a reasonable sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy in differentiating subtle STEMI with BV‐STE. Although both perform well, the four‐variable formula has a higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy and should be preferred.
Modern‐day palliative chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer: does colonic resection affect survival?
Authors: Lau Joel Wen Liang , Chang Heidi Sian Ying , Lee Kai Yin , Gwee Yong Xiang , Lee Wen Qiang , Chong Choon Seng 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPatients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) with surgically incurable metastases would be recommended for palliative chemotherapy (PC). The role of surgical intervention is debatable with no conclusive evidence for routine primary tumour resection (PTR) or stoma creation. We aimed to study if surgical intervention conferred a survival benefit in patients with mCRC who received upfront systemic therapy.MethodsA retrospective review of a prospectively collected database in a single centre was performed. Patients diagnosed with mCRC from January 2004 to December 2014 were included. We excluded patients who had an upfront surgical intervention, had no treatment with systemic therapy or had attained curative resection. The decision for surgery was based on the outcome of a multidisciplinary tumour board. Demographic, clinicopathological, treatment and follow‐up data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsOut of 408 patients with mCRC with incurable metastases, we analysed 124 patients who had upfront PC. Twenty‐nine had PC + PTR (group A), 10 had PC + stoma (group B) and 85 had PC only (group C). Undergoing PTR led to significant improvement in overall survival (OS; 30.8 versus 13.4 versus 11.0 months, P < 0.001). With multivariate analysis, undergoing PTR and receiving biologics were independent good prognostic variables. Surgical resection was safe with minimal complications.ConclusionsPTR was found to increase OS while stoma creation had no impact on OS. The benefits and safety of undergoing PTR may be a result of selection bias. Further prospective studies are required to confirm the observations of this study.
Letter: direct‐acting anti‐viral (DAA) therapy needs strong safety and efficacy check—authors’ reply
Authors: Singer A. W. , Reddy K. R. , Telep L. E. , Osinusi A. O. , Brainard D. M. , Buti M. , Chokkalingam A. P. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Singer et al and Mahla papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14593 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14795.
Editorial: frequency of surveillance and survival in hepatocellular carcinoma—authors’ reply
Authors: Kim H. Y. , Lee J.‐H. 
Published: June 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Kim et al and Senussi and Kowdley papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14623 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14805.
Twice‐weekly ixazomib in combination with lenalidomide‐dexamethasone in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Hofmeister Craig C. , Rosenbaum Cara A. , Htut Myo , Vesole David H. , Berdeja Jesus G. , Liedtke Michaela , Chari Ajai , Smith Stephen D. , Lebovic Daniel , Raje Noopur , Byrne Catriona , Liao Eileen , Gupta Neeraj , Bacco Alessandra Di , Estevam Jose , Berg Deborah , Baz Rachid 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWeekly ixazomib with lenalidomide‐dexamethasone (Rd) is feasible and has shown activity in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. This phase 1/2 study (NCT01383928) evaluated the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D), pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of twice‐weekly ixazomib plus Rd in NDMM; 64 patients were enrolled across both phases. Patients received twice‐weekly oral ixazomib 3·0 or 3·7 mg plus lenalidomide 25 mg and dexamethasone 20 mg (10 mg in cycles 9–16) for up to sixteen 21‐day cycles, followed by maintenance with twice‐weekly ixazomib alone. No dose‐limiting toxicities were reported in cycle 1; the RP2D was 3·0 mg based on overall tolerability across multiple cycles. In 62 evaluable patients, the confirmed overall response rate was 94% (68% ≥very good partial response; 24% complete response). Median progression‐free survival was 24·9 months. Responses (median duration 36·9 months for patients receiving the RP2D) deepened during treatment. Grade 3 drug‐related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 64% of patients, including: rash, 13%; peripheral neuropathy, 8%; hyperglycaemia, 8%. There were no grade 4 drug‐related AEs. Thirteen patients discontinued due to AEs. Twice‐weekly ixazomib‐Rd offers substantial activity with promising long‐term outcomes in NDMM patients but may be associated with greater toxicity compared with weekly ixazomib‐Rd in this setting.
The presence of mutated and deleted PTEN is associated with an increased risk of relapse in childhood T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated with AIEOP‐BFM ALL protocols
Authors: Paganin Maddalena , Grillo Maria Francesca , Silvestri Daniela , Scapinello Greta , Buldini Barbara , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Biondi Andrea , Valsecchi Maria Grazia , Conter Valentino , te Kronnie Geertruij , Basso Giuseppe 
Published: June 2018

SummaryNotwithstanding the improvement in treatment results for paediatric T cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T‐ALL) it remains important to understand if genetic aberrations influence therapy response. PTEN tumour suppressor gene inactivation is a frequent event in T‐ALL but its effect on patient therapy response is debatable. We analysed the effect of the presence of mutated PTEN on outcome in 257 children with T‐ALL treated with Associazione Italiana di Ematologia e Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP)‐Berlin‐Frankfürt‐Münster (BFM) protocols. PTEN mutations were present in 31 (12·1%) patients and were significantly associated with increased risk of relapse. PTEN mutations also indicate a poor prognosis in T‐ALL patients in the absence of NOTCH1 mutations or in the group of patients with co‐presence of PTEN mutation and deletions. These results indicate that PTEN genomic aberrations and the biologically consequential PTEN inactivation contribute to adverse therapy response in T‐ALL patients; PTEN status as a biomarker may contribute to the development of new molecularly‐defined stratification algorithms.