bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disparities in the Presentation and Management of Cutaneous Melanoma That Required Admission
Authors: Al-Qurayshi Zaid , Srivastav Sudesh , Wang Alun , Boh Erin , Hamner John , Hassan Mohamed , Kandil Emad 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> In this study, we aimed to examine the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with cutaneous melanoma that required admission. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cross-sectional study utilizing the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, 2003–2009, was merged with County Health Rankings Data. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 2,765 discharge ­records were included. Men were more likely to have melanoma in the head, neck, and trunk regions (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), while extremities melanoma was more common in women (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). Males had a higher risk of lymph node metastasis on presentation (OR 1.54, 95% CI [1.27–1.89]). Blacks and Hispanics were more likely to present with extremities melanoma. Patients with low annual income were more likely to be treated by low-volume surgeons and in hospitals located in high-risk communities (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05 each). Patients with Medicaid coverage were twice as likely to present with distant metastasis and were more likely to be managed by low-volume surgeons (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05 each). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The presentation and outcomes of cutaneous melanoma have a distinct pattern of distribution based on patients’ characteristics.
Race-, Age-, and Gender-Based Characteristics and Toxicities of Targeted Therapies on Phase I Trials
Authors: Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Busari Adeniyi K. , Kim Sungjin , Chen Zhengjia , Akintayo Adebowale , Lewis Colleen , Carthon Bradley C. , Alese Olatunji B. , El-Rayes Bassel F. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Harvey R. Donald 
Published: June 2018

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The impact of age-, gender-, and race-based differences on safety and efficacy in phase I clinical trials has not been well studied. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We analyzed data from phase I clinical trials evaluating targeted biologic agents in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Race and gender distribution of enrolled patients was compared to the referral population demographics at the city, metro, and state levels. The association between age, gender, and race with type, frequency, and severity of treatment-emergent toxicities and clinical benefit was assessed using univariate and multivariable models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Data from 117 eligible patients – Blacks/Caucasians/Others (27/85/5); male/female (66/51) – were obtained. Blacks were younger than Caucasian patients (median age of 56 vs. 62 years, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Nausea/vomiting was more frequent in female patients (43 vs. 24%, <i>p</i> = 0.03), while hematologic toxicity was more likely in Whites. While median time on treatment was comparable (113 vs. 91; <i>p</i> = 0.840), the median overall survival was significantly shorter for Blacks versus Caucasians (7.4 vs. 11.4 months; <i>p</i> = 0.0227). Black race (HR 2.11; 95% CI 1.24–3.60; <i>p </i>= 0.006) and older age (HR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00–1.06; <i>p</i> = 0.029) were associated with an increased risk of death. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Age-, gender-, and race-based disparities were observed with specific toxicity and survival outcomes on phase I clinical trials of anticancer agents.
Progression of Hypertrophy and Myocardial Fibrosis in Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Everett Russell J. , Tastet Lionel , Clavel Marie-Annick , Chin Calvin W.L. , Capoulade Romain , Vassiliou Vassilios S. , Kwiecinski Jacek , Gomez Miquel , van Beek Edwin J.R. , White Audrey C. , Prasad Sanjay K. , Larose Eric , Tuck Christopher , Semple Scott , Newby David E. , Pibarot Philippe , Dweck Marc R. 
Published: June 2018

Background:
Aortic stenosis is accompanied by progressive left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis. We investigated the natural history of these processes in asymptomatic patients and their potential reversal post-aortic valve replacement (AVR).

Methods:
Asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with aortic stenosis underwent repeat echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. Changes in peak aortic-jet velocity, left ventricular mass index, diffuse fibrosis (indexed extracellular volume), and replacement fibrosis (late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]) were quantified.

RESULTS:

In 61 asymptomatic patients (43% mild, 34% moderate, and 23% severe aortic stenosis), significant increases in peak aortic-jet velocity, left ventricular mass index, indexed extracellular volume, and LGE mass were observed after 2.1±0.7 years, with the most rapid progression observed in patients with most severe stenosis. Patients with baseline midwall LGE (n=16 [26%]; LGE mass, 2.5 g [0.8–4.8 g]) demonstrated particularly rapid increases in scar burden (78% [50%–158%] increase in LGE mass per year). In 38 symptomatic patients (age, 66±8 years; 76% men) who underwent AVR, there was a 19% (11%–25%) reduction in left ventricular mass index (
P
<0.0001) and an 11% (4%–16%) reduction in indexed extracellular volume (
P
=0.003) 0.9±0.3 years after surgery. By contrast midwall LGE (n=10 [26%]; mass, 3.3 g [2.6–8.0 g]) did not change post-AVR (n=10; 3.5 g [2.1–8.0 g];
P
=0.23), with no evidence of regression even out to 2 years.

Conclusions:
In patients with aortic stenosis, cellular hypertrophy and diffuse fibrosis progress in a rapid and balanced manner but are reversible after AVR. Once established, midwall LGE also accumulates rapidly but is irreversible post valve replacement. Given its adverse long-term prognosis, prompt AVR when midwall LGE is first identified may improve clinical outcomes.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT01755936 and NCT01679431.
Apophatic Theology and Twentieth-Century Novels
Authors: Nisly L. Lamar 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Drawing on apophatic theology, this essay argues that some twentieth-century texts invite an apophatic approach by revealing the limits of language and hinting at some understanding of God, without doing so directly. First, Leif Enger’s Peace Like a River shows a divine encounter but, in the process, underscores the limits of language to describe this experience. Second, in a sort of parallel to negative theology, Walker Percy’s Lancelot points readers toward God by having Lancelot descend into sin and evil, an affirmation of God through negation. Finally, in Joseph Heller’s Catch-22, a novel without explicit Christian interests, characters parody prayer, rail against the world’s unfairness, and deny God, but in these interactions they actually reveal something about belief and God. These texts reveal that an apophatic understanding can enrich our reading of twentieth-century novels.
Brine characterization and Artemia population dynamics in Bohai Bay solar saltworks, China
Authors: Li Rongchao , Cui Xueping , Zhang Lei , Zhang Bo , Wang Xuekui , Sui Liying 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
A field study was conducted in Hangu saltworks, a typical Bohai Bay solar salt production site, where a population of Artemia has established. The samples of the brine and of the Artemia population were collected once a month in the period of May to November 2016. According to the salinity range in which Artemia occurs in nature, seven saltponds were chosen in the range of 60 g/l to 240 g/l, covering grades of 30 g salts/l. The physicochemical characteristics of the brine as well as the population dynamics of the Artemia were analysed. The pH value was 7.35-8.94 and decreased slightly with increasing brine temperature. The ionic composition of the brine changed along with progressive evaporation and successive, fractional crystallization. The content of Na+, Cl− and Mg2+ were 66.71-225.43 mg/l, 43.99-197.71 mg/l, and 2.64-14.88 mg/l, respectively, and increased with salinity going up. The content of Ca2+ ranged from 0.69 mg/l to 1.69 mg/l with the maximum value observed at the salinity of 120 g/l. The content of SO42− ranged from 3.84 mg/l to 20.16 mg/l and two peak values were observed at salinities of 90 g/l and 180 g/l, respectively. The contents of DOC (dissolved organic carbon), TN (total nitrogen), and TP (total phosphorus) were 11.45-97.45 mg/l, 1.61-10.54 mg/l, and 0.07-0.63 mg/l, respectively, and these increased with increasing salinity. The density of the Artemia population, its composition and mode of reproduction were found to be remarkably influenced by brine temperature and salinity. The Artemia populations were mainly concentrated in the salinity range from 90 g/l to 150 g/l, and in the summer time. Both parthenogenetic and bisexual Artemia coexisted in the saltponds, with the local parthenogenetic population dominating in summer and in the lower salinity range. Female Artemia tended to produce cysts in autumn and in the higher salinity range. Our study provides general information on the physiochemical characterization and the Artemia population dynamics in Hangu saltworks, which is of importance for a better understanding of the ecological situation of Bohai Bay saltworks, and provides basic information for a biological management of the saltponds.
The Brighter Side of Medieval Christian-Jewish Polemical Encounters: Transfer of Medical Knowledge in the Midi (Twelfth-Fourteenth Centuries)
Authors: Freudenthal Gad 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This paper argues that as a result of the competition over patients between Jewish and Christian doctors in the Midi (twelfth–fourteenth centuries) Jewish doctors were more prone than other Jewish intellectuals to acquaint themselves with Christian culture (and also to convert). In this respect, the massive Latin-into-Hebrew cultural transfer in medicine contrasts with the slight Latin-into-Hebrew cultural transfer in philosophy (until the end of the fourteenth century). Jewish doctors were able to keep up with Latin medicine, even at times of rapid change, often through Latin-into-Hebrew translations.
To illustrate and sustain the general claims I look closely at a few figures: the anonymous Jewish doctor who called himself “Doeg the Edomite” and who, in the closing years of the twelfth century, translated into Hebrew 24 books of theoretical and practical medicine, mainly from the Salerno corpus; and Leon Joseph of Carcassonne, whose remarkable Preface to his translation of Gerard de Solo’s Pratica super nono Almansoris (1394) I analyze in detail as an eyewitness report of a participant observer. His trajectory is comparable to that of Moses ben Samuel of Roquemaure (Jean, or Juan, of Avignon).
Forgotten Witnesses: The Illustrations of Ms Escorial, I.I.3 and the Dispute over the Biblias Romanceadas
Authors: Porto Rosa M. Rodríguez 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article offers a preliminary survey of the miniatures illustrating the Biblia romanceada held at the Escorial Library under the shelf number I.I.3, whose precise date and provenance have been a matter of dispute among scholars for decades. The scrutiny of the stylistic features of these illustrations together with a reassessment of the scarce archival sources related to this work allows for a definite association of Escorial, MS I.I.3 with Enrique de Guzmán, 2nd Duke of Medina Sidonia (d. 1492). However, the contextualized analysis of this lavishly decorated manuscript—which was part of a trend in aristocratic patronage and the epitome of already established traditions in Bible illustration—may contribute not only to a re-appraisal of this singular work but also to a better understanding of the multifaceted phenomena lying behind the production and reception of the remaining fifteenth-century illustrated Bibles in the vernacular, all of them translated from Hebrew but intended for a Christian audience.
Vox Populi: Carnal Blood, Spiritual Milk, and the Debate Surrounding the Immaculate Conception, ca. 1600
Authors: Pereda Felipe 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
In the early modern period, the dogma of the Immaculate Conception was intensely defended by Spain, its cult even turned into a symbol of the Catholic Monarchy. However, in its earliest stage, the Spanish campaign in support of the Immaculate was immersed in controversy: some of the people promoting it were accused of not having a “pure” Old Christian ancestry. This article reads the origins of the Immaculate debate against the background of social ideas of purity and contamination.
Early Mandaic and Neo-Mandaic: Some Points of Connection
Authors: Abudraham Ohad 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The present article presents four new linguistic features that link Early-Mandaic and Neo-Mandaic: 1. Diphthongisation and fortition of long vowels ū/ī (ࡈࡁࡅࡊࡕࡀ ṭbukta instead of ࡈࡀࡁࡅࡕࡀ ṭabuta “grace”, ࡀࡓࡁࡉࡊࡕࡉࡍࡊࡉࡀ arbiktinkia instead of ࡀࡓࡁࡉࡕࡉࡍࡊࡉࡀ arbitinkia “four of you [f.pl.]”); 2. Apheresis of y in the gentilic noun ‮יהודיא‬‎ (ࡄࡅࡃࡀࡉࡉࡀ hudaiia “Jews”); 3. Assimilation of z in the root ʾzl (ࡕࡏࡋࡅࡍ tʿlun “you [m.pl.] will go”); and 4. Internal analogy in the system of cardinal numbers (ࡕࡀࡓࡕࡀ tarta “two”). The presence of these forms in the two extreme phases of the language as opposed to their almost total absence in the canonical collections of Mandaic scriptures prove not only the ancient origin of some Neo-Mandaic peculiarities but also the wide range of varieties of Mandaic that flourished in Mesopotamia in Late Antiquity.
Kelvin–Helmholtz Waves in Precipitating Midlatitude Cyclones
Authors: Barnes Hannah C. , Zagrodnik Joseph P. , McMurdie Lynn A. , Rowe Angela K. , Houze Robert A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This study examines Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) waves observed by dual-polarization radar in several precipitating midlatitude cyclones during the Olympic Mountains Experiment (OLYMPEX) field campaign along the windward side of the Olympic Mountains in Washington State and in a strong stationary frontal zone in Iowa during the Iowa Flood Studies (IFloodS) field campaign. While KH waves develop regardless of the presence or absence of mountainous terrain, this study indicates that the large-scale flow can be modified when encountering a mountain range in such a way as to promote development of KH waves on the windward side and to alter their physical structure (i.e., orientation and amplitude). OLYMPEX sampled numerous instances of KH waves in precipitating clouds, and this study examines their effects on microphysical processes above, near, and below the melting layer. The dual-polarization radar data indicate that KH waves above the melting layer promote aggregation. KH waves centered in the melting layer produce the most notable signatures in dual-polarization variables, with the patterns suggesting that the KH waves promote both riming and aggregation. Both above and near the melting layer ice particles show no preferred orientation likely because of tumbling in turbulent air motions. KH waves below the melting layer facilitate the generation of large drops via coalescence and/or vapor deposition, increasing mean drop size and rain rate by only slight amounts in the OLYMPEX storms.
On the Seasonal Eddy Variability in the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Yang Yang , San Liang X. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUsing a recently developed tool, multiscale window transform (MWT), and the MWT-based canonical energy transfer theory, this study investigates the seasonal eddy variability in the Kuroshio Extension. Distinct seasonal cycles of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) are observed in the upstream and downstream regions of the Kuroshio Extension. In the upstream Kuroshio Extension, the EKE peaks in summer and reaches its minimum in winter over an annual cycle. By diagnosing the spatiotemporal structures of the canonical barotropic and baroclinic energy transfers, we found that internal processes due to mixed instabilities (i.e., both barotropic and baroclinic instabilities) are responsible for the seasonal eddy variability in this region. In the downstream Kuroshio Extension, the EKE exhibits a different annual cycle, peaking in spring and gradually decaying from summer to winter. Significant inverse barotropic energy transfer is found in this region throughout the year, leaving baroclinic instability the primary energy source for the regional seasonal eddy variability. Besides the internal redistribution, it is also evident that the external forcing may influence the Kuroshio Extension EKE seasonality—the EKE is found to be more damped by winds during winter than summer.
Removal of cationic and anionic dyes using purified and surfactant-modified Tunisian clays: Kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic and adsorption-mechanism studies
Authors: Gamoudi S. , Srasra E. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPurified and surfactant-modified Tunisian clays were investigated for their capacity to remove cationic and anionic dyes (crystal violet, CV and methyl orange, MO) from aqueous solution. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and potentiometric acid-base titration. Batch-sorption experiments were carried out to evaluate the influence of pH, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature on the adsorption of dyes. Pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intra-particle diffusion and Elovich kinetic models were considered to evaluate the kinetic parameters. To understand the interaction of the dye with the adsorbent, Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevish isotherms were applied. Thermodynamics studies were conducted to calculate the changes in free energy (Δ°G), enthalpy (Δ°H) and entropy (Δ°S). A difference in the maximum adsorption capacity was observed, suggesting that the retention of dyes was influenced by structure, functional groups of dyes and surface properties of the adsorbents. Moreover, different mechanisms may control the removal of dyes. The purified Tunisian clays are excellent adsorbents for removal of the cationic dye CV and its modified form is suitable for removal of the anionic dye, MO, from aqueous solution.
Mutations in the SRP54 gene cause severe congenital neutropenia as well as Shwachman-Diamond–like syndrome
Authors: Bellanné-Chantelot Christine , Schmaltz-Panneau Barbara , Marty Caroline , Fenneteau Odile , Callebaut Isabelle , Clauin Séverine , Docet Aurélie , Damaj Gandhi-Laurent , Leblanc Thierry , Pellier Isabelle , Stoven Cécile , Souquere Sylvie , Antony-Debré Iléana , Beaupain Blandine , Aladjidi Nathalie , Barlogis Vincent , Bauduer Frédéric , Bensaid Philippe , Boespflug-Tanguy Odile , Berger Claire , Bertrand Yves , Carausu Liana , Fieschi Claire , Galambrun Claire , Schmidt Aline , Journel Hubert , Mazingue Françoise , Nelken Brigitte , Quah Thuan Chong , Oksenhendler Eric , Ouachée Marie , Pasquet Marlène , Saada Véronique , Suarez Felipe , Pierron Gérard , Vainchenker William , Plo Isabelle , Donadieu Jean 
Published: June 2018

Key Points
Identification of SRP54 mutations in congenital neutropenia. SRP54 mutations induce ER stress and autophagy associated with apoptosis.
Dynamic intercellular redistribution of HIT antigen modulates heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Dai Jing , Madeeva Daria , Hayes Vincent , Ahn Hyun Sook , Tutwiler Valerie , Arepally Gowthami M. , Cines Douglas B. , Poncz Mortimer , Rauova Lubica 
Published: June 2018

Key PointsDevelopment of thrombocytopenia in HIT is modulated by the (re)distribution of PF4 among hematopoietic and endothelial cell surfaces. Redistribution of PF4 from platelets to other hematopoietic cells may limit thrombocytopenia but promote prothrombotic processes in HIT.
Unwell in hospital but not incapable: cross-sectional study on the dissociation of decision-making capacity for treatment and research in in-patients with schizophrenia and related psychoses
Authors: Spencer Benjamin Walter Jack , Gergel Tania , Hotopf Matthew , Owen Gareth S. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundConsent to research with decision-making capacity for research (DMC-R) is normally a requirement for study participation. Although the symptoms of schizophrenia and related psychoses are known to affect decision-making capacity for treatment (DMC-T), we know little about their effect on DMC-R.AimsWe aimed to determine if DMC-R differs from DMC-T in proportion and associated symptoms in an in-patient sample of people with schizophrenia and related psychoses.MethodCross-sectional study of psychiatric in-patients admitted for assessment and/or treatment of schizophrenia and related psychoses. We measured DMC-R and DMC-T using ‘expert judgement’ clinical assessment guided by the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research, the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment and the legal framework of the Mental Capacity Act (2005), in addition to symptoms of psychosis.ResultsThere were 84 participants in the study. Half the participants had DMC-R (51%, 95% CI 40–62%) and a third had DMC-T (31%, 95% CI 21–43%) and this difference was statistically significant (P< 0.01). Thought disorder was most associated with lacking DMC-R (odds ratio 5.72, 95% CI 2.01–16.31,P= 0.001), whereas lack of insight was most associated with lacking DMC-T (odds ratio 26.34, 95% CI 3.60–192.66,P= 0.001). With the exception of improved education status and better DMC-R, there was no effect of sociodemographic variables on either DMC-R or DMC-T.ConclusionsWe have shown that even when severely unwell, people with schizophrenia and related psychoses in in-patient settings commonly retain DMC-R despite lacking DMC-T. Furthermore, different symptoms have different effects on decision-making abilities for different decisions. We should not view in-patient psychiatric settings as a research ‘no-go area’ and, where appropriate, should recruit in these settings.Declaration of interestNone.
Slaying little dragons: the impact of the Guinea Worm Eradication Program on dracunculiasis disability averted from 1990 to 2016
Authors: Cromwell Elizabeth A. , Roy Sharon , Sankara Dieudonne P. , Weiss Adam , Stanaway Jeffrey , Goldberg Ellen , Pigott David M. , Larson Heidi , Vollset Stein Emil , Krohn Kristopher , Foreman Kyle , Hotez Peter , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Bekele Bayu Begashaw , Edessa Dumessa , Kassembaum Nicholas , Mokdad Ali , Murray Christopher J. L. , Hay Simon I. 
Published: June 2018

Background:The objective of this study was to document the worldwide decline of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease, GWD) burden, expressed as disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), from 1990 to 2016, as estimated in the Global Burden of Disease study 2016 (GBD 2016). While the annual number of cases of GWD have been consistently reported by WHO since the 1990s, the burden of disability due to GWD has not previously been quantified in GBD.Methods:The incidence of GWD was modeled for each endemic country using annual national case reports. A literature search was conducted to characterize the presentation of GWD, translate the clinical symptoms into health sequelae, and then assign an average duration to the infection. Prevalence measures by sequelae were multiplied by disability weights to estimate DALYs.Results:The total DALYs attributed to GWD across all endemic countries (n=21) in 1990 was 50,725 (95% UI: 35,265–69,197) and decreased to 0.9 (95% UI: 0.5–1.4) in 2016. A cumulative total of 12,900 DALYs were attributable to GWD from 1990 to 2016.Conclusions:Using 1990 estimates of burden propagated forward, this analysis suggests that between 990,000 to 1.9 million DALYs have been averted as a result of the eradication program over the past 27 years.