bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Success in business studies and mathematical background: the case of Norway
Authors: Opstad Leiv 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine whether the type of mathematics skills developed at secondary school an effect on students’ later success in business studies. At many business schools in Norway, more students are applying than there are places available. The ranking of applications depends on the grade point average (GPA) level, irrespective of the level or type of mathematics studied at secondary school, where the students are free to choose practically orientated or theoretical mathematics.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative analysis (regression model) was applied using data for undergraduate students enrolled in business studies over a three–year period (2012–2014).FindingsStudents with a non-theoretical background in mathematics obtain systematically lower grades on many courses, especially in core business school subjects. Ranking applicants to business studies courses based on their GPA scores irrespective of their level of mathematics may lead to the admission of less able students.Research limitations/implicationsThere is little information available concerning why students choose different paths in mathematics at upper secondary school, but the decision students make has an influence on their grades in business courses.Originality/valueBy requiring more knowledge of theoretical mathematics, students’ performance at business school will improve. Changing the admission criteria could improve the quality of graduates and reduce the dropout rate.
Capital regulation and systemic risk in the insurance sector
Authors: Gehrig Thomas , Iannino Maria Chiara 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze systemic risk in and the effect of capital regulation on the European insurance sector. In particular, the evolution of an exposure measure (SRISK) and a contribution measure (Delta CoVaR) are analyzed from 1985 to 2016.

Design/methodology/approach
With the help of multivariate regressions, the main drivers of systemic risk are identified.

Findings
The paper finds an increasing degree of interconnectedness between banks and insurance that correlates with systemic risk exposure. Interconnectedness peaks during periods of crisis but has a long-term influence also during normal times. Moreover, the paper finds that the insurance sector was greatly affected by spillovers from the process of capital regulation in banking. While European insurance companies initially at the start of the Basel process of capital regulation were well capitalized according to the SRISK measure, they started to become capital deficient after the implementation of the model-based approach in banking with increasing speed thereafter.

Practical implications
These findings are highly relevant for the ongoing global process of capital regulation in the insurance sector and potential reforms of Solvency II. Systemic risk is a leading threat to the stability of the global financial system and keeping it under control is a main challenge for policymakers and supervisors.

Originality/value
This paper provides novel tools for supervisors to monitor risk exposures in the insurance sector while taking into account systemic feedback from the financial system and the banking sector in particular. These tools also allow an evidence-based policy evaluation of regulatory measures such as Solvency II.
Managerial incentives and accounts receivable management policy
Authors: Yao Haibo , Deng Yiling 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
Previous research has documented that high vega CEOs increase R&D investment (Coles et al., 2006) and liquidity (Liu and Mauer, 2011), but provided little clue about how those CEOs get the necessary resources to support those choices. Frankel et al. (2016) highlight firms’ compensation incentives to manipulate working capital components, the authors use accounts receivable as an example to illustrate. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors employ sorting, and various regression methods and adjust the Faulkender and Wang (2006) model to test two hypotheses.

Findings
The authors find a negative relation between managerial risk-taking incentives (vega) and accounts receivable and a negative relation between vega and the market value of accounts receivable to shareholders.

Research limitations/implications
The authors do not compare PPE investment, external financing with accounts receivable to figure out whether accounts receivable is better and more efficient to adjust.

Practical implications
The evidence primarily supports the internal allocation hypothesis that high vega managers reduce the accounts receivable investment and that the equity market discounts the value of accounts receivable for high vega firms.

Social implications
Equity holders should consider the internal allocation effect when setting CEO compensation incentives, also they should be cautious when CEOs change their accounts receivable management policy. The equity market discounts the value of accounts receivable for high vega firms.

Originality/value
This study provides important information about the CEO compensation incentives, a new explanation about the formation of accounts receivable management policy, and the market value implication of accounts receivable.
The relationship between Islamic work ethic and workplace outcome
Authors: Mohammad Jihad , Quoquab Farzana , Idris Fazli , Al-Jabari Mohammed , Hussin Nazimah , Wishah Raed 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Islamic work ethic (IWE) and employees’ attitude and behaviour in term of perceived organisational justice, psychological ownership (PSY), and employees’ performance in the Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a sample of 301 employees of Islamic financial institutions and employed structural equation modelling-partial least square technique in order to analyse the data.FindingsThe findings demonstrated that IWE has both direct and indirect effects on attitudinal as well as behavioural outcomes.Practical implicationsManagers who want to enhance their employees’ attitude and behaviour are strongly advised to give proper attention to the concept work ethic. Moreover, they need to conduct training programs to instil these values and to emphasise its crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of the organisation.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the body of knowledge on IWE by: testing its ability to predict employees’ performance, their perception of organisational justice, and their feeling of PSY, and examining the mediating effect of perceived organisational justice and PSY between IWE and employees’ performance.
Accountability breeds response-ability
Authors: Tariq Hussain , Weng Qingxiong (Derek) 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the link between perceived subordinate performance and abusive supervision. From the perspective of moral exclusion theory, the authors examine cooperative goal interdependence and competitive goal interdependence as key boundary conditions to hypothesize and demonstrate the direct negative relationship between low-performing subordinates and abusive supervision. Within the moral exclusion framework, supervisors may strategically abuse low performers when cooperative goal interdependence is high, or competitive goal interdependence is low. Moreover, this study explores the impact of abusive supervision on subordinate’s objective performance.Design/methodology/approachThis research employs two independent studies to examine the antecedents and consequences of abusive supervision based on respondents from a Fortune 500 company located in Anhui province of People’s Republic of China (PRC). Study 1 uses a time lagged, single source survey while Study 2 employs multi-source, multi-wave data. The results support the integrated model.FindingsAcross the two studies, the results showed that the direct negative relationship between perceived subordinate performance and abusive supervision was found to be stronger when cooperative goal interdependence was high and when competitive goal interdependence was low. Study 2 also revealed the negative impact of abusive supervision on subordinate’s objective performance and that the conditional indirect effect of subordinate’s perceived performance on objective performance via abusive supervision was contingent on the extent of cooperative and competitive goal interdependence.Originality/valueThe results clearly demonstrate that supervisors are likely to turn to abusive supervision in response to poor performing subordinates but that the tendency to use abuse as an instrumental strategy for improving subordinate performance is dependent on the nature of goal interdependence between the supervisor and subordinates’ goals. The research also shows that although supervisors may turn to abusive supervision under certain goal interdependence conditions, it is not an effective strategy for actually improving subordinate objective performance. In fact, it has the opposite effect.
Foreign direct investment in the G-20: to what extent do institutions matter?
Authors: Tomelin Jurema , Amal Mohamed , Hein Nelson , Carpes Dani Andreia 
Published: June 2018

Purpose
This study aims to identify to what extent the economic factor effect is more salient in shaping inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) than are institutional factors in G-20 inflow patterns.

Design/methodology/approach
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method was applied using the World Bank Governance and Development Indicators, followed by a panel data technique over the period 2005-2015 to estimate the connections between the different dimensions of economics, institutions and IFDI in the G-20.

Findings
Results showed that countries with better economic performance contrasting with the governance indicators are more effective at attracting IFDI. However, the correlation between FDI intensity and governance indicators has been found relatively weak, which may suggest a more controversial role of institutions as determinants of IFDI.

Research limitations/implications
This quantitative approach uses a country-level set of variables; therefore, the authors suggest the development of more firm-level analysis of the impact of institutions. Also, the limitation of the TOPSIS method itself is based on heuristic assumptions.

Practical implications
The main findings point to a relatively low impact of institutions on IFDI. The authors suggest that the global financial crisis has changed the rationale of decision-making by multinational companies.

Originality/value
The originality of the present study was to apply a multi criteria decision-making technique on FDI’s analysis combined with institutional data.
Applying a Bayesian weighted surveillance approach to detect chronic wasting disease in white‐tailed deer
Authors: Jennelle Christopher S. , Walsh Daniel P. , Samuel Michael D. , Osnas Erik E. , Rolley Robert , Langenberg Julia , Powers Jenny G. , Monello Ryan J. , Demarest E. David , Gubler Rolf , Heisey Dennis M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Surveillance is critical for early detection of emerging and re‐emerging infectious diseases. Weighted surveillance leverages heterogeneity in infection risk to increase sampling efficiency.

Here, we apply a Bayesian approach to estimate weights for 16 surveillance classes of white‐tailed deer in Wisconsin, USA, relative to hunter‐harvested yearling males. We used these weights to conduct a surveillance programme for detecting chronic wasting disease (CWD) in white‐tailed deer at Shenandoah National Park (SHEN) in Virginia, USA.

Generally, for surveillance, risk of infection increased with age and was greater in males. Clinical suspect deer had the highest risk, with weight estimates of 33.33 and 9.09 for community‐reported and hunter‐reported suspect deer, respectively. Fawns had the lowest risk with an estimated weight of 0.001.

We used surveillance weights for Wisconsin deer to determine sampling effort required to detect a CWD‐positive case in SHEN if prevalence in yearling males ≥0.025. The sampling required to detect CWD was 37–91 adult deer, depending on the adult male:female ratio in the surveillance stream. We collected rectal biopsies from 49 female and 21 male adult deer, and 10 additional samples from vehicle‐killed deer. CWD was not detected and we concluded with 95% probability that prevalence in the reference population (yearling males) was between 0.0% and 3.6%.

Synthesis and applications. Our approach allows managers to estimate relative surveillance weights for different host classes and quantify limits of disease detection in real time when only a sample of animals from a population can be tested, resulting in considerable cost savings for agencies performing wildlife disease detection surveillance. Additionally, it provides a rigorous means of estimating prevalence limits when a disease/pathogen is not detected in a sample set. It is therefore applicable to other wildlife, domestic animal and human disease systems, which can be characterized by surveillance classes with heterogeneous probability of infection. This methodology is also extendable to other disciplines such as invasive species, environmental toxicology, and generally, any ecological question seeking to efficiently use scarce financial and human resources to maximize the detection probability of a rare event.
Consumer‐mediated indirect interaction with a native plant lowers the fitness of an invasive competitor
Authors: Bogdziewicz Michał , Lichti Nathanael I. , Zwolak Rafał 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Seed dispersal is a primary driver, via propagule pressure, of biological invasions. In animal‐dispersed plants, theory predicts that indirect ecological interactions at the neighbourhood scale may determine landscape‐scale patterns of seed dispersal and predation, and thus invasion.

Indirect interactions in seed dispersal may arise between two plant species if shared seed dispersal agents adjust their foraging decisions to the relative frequencies of co‐occurring seeds. We used seed‐tracking experiments and empirically parameterized simulations to test the hypothesis that an indirect interaction between two plant species, mediated by scatterhoarding rodents that both consume and disperse seeds, affects recruitment of an invasive tree. We predicted that acorns of Quercus rubra (invasive in Central Europe) would experience higher caching (and therefore survival) rates when they co‐occurred with native Quercus petraea than when they occurred in isolation, that Q. petraea acorns would survive at lower rates with Q. rubra relative to isolation, and that this interaction would facilitate Q. rubra seedling recruitment in Q. petraea forests.

Contrary to expectations, the presence of Q. petraea reduced caching of Q. rubra acorns, and co‐occurrence with Q. rubra increased caching of Q. petraea. Thus, a rodent‐mediated indirect interaction may be slowing rather than facilitating the Q. rubra invasion. However, our simulations indicate that the magnitude of this indirect interaction will change nonlinearly as Q. rubra becomes more dominant on the landscape, and that the pace of invasion will accelerate as the alien species is released from the rodent‐mediated effect of Q. petraea.

Synthesis. The presence of native Quercus petraea decreases recruitment rates of Quercus rubra, and consequently, slows down the invasion process. The strong dependence of pairwise interactions on the presence of a third‐party species emphasizes the role of indirect interactions in the invasion processes.
Modified Constraint‐Induced Movement Therapy is a feasible and potentially useful addition to the Community Rehabilitation tool kit after stroke: A pilot randomised control trial
Authors: Baldwin Cathryn R. , Harry Amy J. , Power Lynda J. , Pope Katherine L. , Harding Katherine E. 
Published: June 2018

Background/aimThe National Stroke Foundation recommends that Occupational Therapists use Constraint‐Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) with stroke survivors that experience an upper limb deficit. CIMT involves constraining the unaffected upper limb coupled with intensive therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a modified, low intensity version of CIMT (mCIMT) provided within usual resources of an Australian community rehabilitation setting.MethodsA pilot randomised control trial (n = 19) was conducted with stroke survivors referred for community rehabilitation. Participants were randomly assigned to either mCIMT or usual care. Both groups received six one‐hour outpatient Occupational Therapy sessions (focussed on upper limb rehabilitation) over a two‐week period. The intervention group (mCIMT) were asked to wear a constraint device on their unaffected hand for 90% of their waking hours and were provided with a home exercise program based on CIMT principles. Participants were included if they had some active upper limb movement, no significant cognitive deficits and sufficient balance. Outcome measures included upper limb function (WMFT) and participation (MAL) evaluated at baseline, immediately following the two‐week intervention period and at four‐week follow‐up.ResultsOnly a very small proportion of patients met the eligibility criteria. There were no differences between groups, with the exception of a small increase in reported upper extremity use in functional tasks at post‐intervention assessment when compared to the usual care group.ConclusionsModified CIMT can be applied to a typical Australian community rehabilitation setting, to treat upper limb deficits in stroke survivors. The resources used for mCIMT largely equalled usual care, with no differences in outcomes, suggesting that the intervention is feasible and potentially beneficial. However, there were very few stroke survivors who met participation criteria, indicating that demand for the intervention is limited.
Dynamics of transparent exopolymer particle production and aggregation during viral infection of the coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Nissimov Jozef I. , Vandzura Rebecca , Johns Christopher T. , Natale Frank , Haramaty Liti , Bidle Kay D. 
Published: June 2018

Summary
Emiliania huxleyi produces calcium carbonate (CaCO3) coccoliths and transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), sticky, acidic carbohydrates that facilitate aggregation. E. huxleyi's extensive oceanic blooms are often terminated by coccolithoviruses (EhVs) with the transport of cellular debris and associated particulate organic carbon (POC) to depth being facilitated by TEP‐bound ‘marine snow’ aggregates. The dynamics of TEP production and particle aggregation in response to EhV infection are poorly understood. Using flow cytometry, spectrophotometry and FlowCam visualization of alcian blue (AB)‐stained aggregates, we assessed TEP production and the size spectrum of aggregates for E. huxleyi possessing different degrees of calcification and cellular CaCO3:POC mass ratios, when challenged with two EhVs (EhV207 and EhV99B1). FlowCam imaging also qualitatively assessed the relative amount of AB‐stainable TEP (i.e., blue:red ratio of each particle). We show significant increases in TEP during early phase EhV207‐infection (∼ 24 h) of calcifying strains and a shift towards large aggregates following EhV99B1‐infection. We also observed the formation of large aggregates with low blue:red ratios, suggesting that other exopolymer substances contribute towards aggregation. Our findings show the potential for virus infection and the associated response of their hosts to impact carbon flux dynamics and provide incentive to explore these dynamics in natural populations.
Microbial life under ice: Metagenome diversity and in situ activity of Verrucomicrobia in seasonally ice‐covered Lakes
Authors: Tran Patricia , Ramachandran Arthi , Khawasik Ola , Beisner Beatrix E. , Rautio Milla , Huot Yannick , Walsh David A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryNorthern lakes are ice‐covered for a large part of the year, yet our understanding of microbial diversity and activity during winter lags behind that of the ice‐free period. In this study, we investigated under‐ice diversity and metabolism of Verrucomicrobia in seasonally ice‐covered lakes in temperate and boreal regions of Quebec, Canada using 16S rRNA sequencing, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. Verrucomicrobia, particularly the V1, V3 and V4 subdivisions, were abundant during ice‐covered periods. A diversity of Verrucomicrobia genomes were reconstructed from Quebec lake metagenomes. Several genomes were associated with the ice‐covered period and were represented in winter metatranscriptomes, supporting the notion that Verrucomicrobia are metabolically active under ice. Verrucomicrobia transcriptome analysis revealed a range of metabolisms potentially occurring under ice, including carbohydrate degradation, glycolate utilization, scavenging of chlorophyll degradation products, and urea use. Genes for aerobic sulfur and hydrogen oxidation were expressed, suggesting chemolithotrophy may be an adaptation to conditions where labile carbon may be limited. The expression of genes for flagella biosynthesis and chemotaxis was detected, suggesting Verrucomicrobia may be actively sensing and responding to winter nutrient pulses, such as phytoplankton blooms. These results increase our understanding on the diversity and metabolic processes occurring under ice in northern lakes ecosystems.© 2018 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Transient uterine contractions as a potential pathology mimic on premenopausal pelvic MRI and the role of routine repeat T2 sagittal images to improve observer confidence
Authors: Lam John YM , Voyvodic Frank , Jenkins Melissa , Knox Steven 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionPelvic MRI has an increasingly important role in the evaluation of non‐malignant uterine pathology including uterine leiomyomas, adenomyosis and endometriosis. Normal physiological myometrial junctional zone transient contractions can also be identified on MRI and have the potential to act as pathology mimics. This study aims to evaluate both the incidence of visible physiological contractions in premenopausal female pelvic MRI and also to support the routine acquisition of a repeat T2 sagittal sequence to differentiate transient physiological contractions from true underlying pathology and therefore improve observer confidence.MethodsA total of 279 female patients of child‐bearing age who had undergone a pelvic MRI over a 16 month period met the inclusion criteria. All patients underwent a standard examination protocol on the same hardware. This included performing two separate T2‐weighted sagittal sequences as part of the protocol firstly as the initial and then as the final series for the examination. The sagittal series were reviewed separately by four readers and conclusions made for each case with regards to the presence of identifiable contractions on one or both series and their potential to act as pathology mimics.ResultsOf the 279 cases, there were 34 cases (12.2%) that were found to have transient junctional zone contractions acting as pathology mimics, resembling either leiomyomata or adenomyosis.ConclusionsStandard MRI sequences need to be able to distinguish normal transient physiological uterine contractions from true pathology to avoid diagnostic error. The routine utility of a repeat T2‐weighted sagittal sequence performed at the conclusion of a patient's examination was shown to improve reader confidence in distinguishing transient contractions from true uterine pathology while adding minimal time penalty to the overall examination. It is therefore advocated that all premenopausal female pelvic MRI cases have a T2 sagittal series as the initial and then the final series as part of a routine protocol.