bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percentage difference in the use of Lamtoro leaf meal on the nutrient content of the Lamtoro mineral block
Authors: Hasanah U , Yunilas  , Desnamrina K C , Utari I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the difference in the percentage of lamtoro leaf meal use on the nutritional content of lamtoro mineral block (LMB) as a substitute for urea in mineral blocks for ruminants. The production of LMB was carried out with 3 treatments and 3 replicates. T1 was 0% lamtoro leaf meal and 8% urea, T2 was 20% lamtoro and 4% urea and P3 was 40% lamtoro leaf meal and 0% urea. The design used was a complete randomised design. Data were analysed using analysis of variance and Duncan’s further test. The results showed that treatment T1 had the highest crude protein content (P<0.05) compared to T2 and T3 which had a value of 21.49% with the lowest crude fibre content (P<0.05) compared to T2 and T3 with a value of 14.38%. The use of lamtoro leaf meal up to 40% in lamtoro mineral blocks cannot replace urea as a source of minerals, especially nitrogen in the manufacture of mineral blocks for ruminants. It’s because the content of Lamtoro leaves is not only nitrogen, but consists of other nutrients, such as crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, while in urea, 46% of the nutrients are nitrogen.
Factors that influence the aspirations of village youth as determinants of agribusiness sustainability in Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Maryunianta Y , Rahmanta  , Badaruddin  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The big issue of agricultural sustainability lies in the regeneration (cast change) of farmers to young farmers. Meanwhile, the biggest obstacle to farmer regeneration is the weak aspirations, which of course poses a serious threat to the sustainability of food availability. The aim of this research is to analyze the aspirations of village youth towards agribusiness, analyze the factors that influence the aspirations of village youth towards agribusiness. Locations were selected using the Multi-Stage Purposive Sampling Method. Four sub-districts in Deli Serdang Regency were selected based on their location which borders the Medan City area in the north, east, south, and west, respectively, Hamparan Perak, Tanjung Morawa, Deli Tua and Sunggal. From each of the selected sub-districts, the four largest rice producing villages were identified, and a total of 130 village youth were selected as samples using Accidental Sampling Method. The analytical method used is the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, with ordinal data intervalization using the Successive Interval Method. The research results show that generally village youth (51,6%) from childhood have aspiration to work in agribusiness; the variables that influence the aspirations of village youth as determinants of agribusiness sustainability are parental ambition, social expectations, birth order and personal interests.
Land use conversion challenges and key impacting elements in North Sumatra
Authors: Lindawati  , Harahap R , Asaad M , Zulfida I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The fall in harvested land area has not been addressed until now. Increased settlements, industry, and conversion to non-rice crops are projected to put more strain on rice output in the future. Extending agricultural land in the future is becoming increasingly difficult due to continual land conversion, which jeopardizes North Sumatra’s food security. This study aims to investigate the elements that impact the conversion of wet rice land in North Sumatra. The analytical approach employed is Autoregressive Distributed Lag. Variables that have a real effect on the transfer of function of paddy fields in North Sumatra are variables of land use change of paddy fields t-1 (AFL(-1)), land use change of paddy fields t-2 (AFL(-2)), population t-2 (JPD(-2)), GRDP of North Sumatra period t (PDB), GRDP of North Sumatra t-2 (PDB(-2)), number of industries period t (JID), number of industries t-1 (JID(-1)). Variables having a short-term equilibrium with the transfer of function of paddy fields in North Sumatra province include the transfer of function of paddy fields period t-1 (AFL(-1)), GRDP North Sumatra period t (PDB), and the number of industries in North Sumatra period t (JID). No variable has a long-term impact on the function transfer of paddy fields in North Sumatra.
Authentication of arabika and robusta Mandailing coffee based on NIR spectroscopy and PCA method
Authors: Ayu P C , Alfi K , Salsabila A , Sinamo K N , Sebayang N U W 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Flavor of coffee is influenced by so many factors, from the cultivation, the harvesting to the processing stage. Beside that, the variety will also provide a difference in its flavor and also price. It will be very detrimental, from economic perspective, if there is a mixing between the arabica and robusta coffee in one place. As we know to separate both arabica and robusta beans can not be done in a fast way mechanically. Therefore, a fast, objective and non destructive analysis is needed to be performed in order to address the authenticity issue of coffee beans. This study was using NIR Spesctroscopy and PCA method to classify the coffee based on its variety. Result showed that, both the arabica and robusta coffee beans could be separated 100% without any data pretreatment. This also is strengthen by the chemical data from proximate content which showed that four components showed a significant difference in both coffee varieties.
Statistical equilibria of two-dimensional turbulent flows for generic initial vorticity fields on a sphere, calculated on the basis of the original Miller–Robert–Sommeria theory
Authors: Ryono K , Ishioka K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Based on the original Miller–Robert–Sommeria theory, we explicitly compute a statistical equilibrium of two-dimensional turbulent flow on a sphere for a generic initial vorticity field introduced in a previous study. The macroscopic vorticity field corresponding to the obtained statistical equilibrium has a quadrupole structure. The resulting quadrupole structure is topologically consistent with the final state of the long-term time integration of the vorticity equation. However, the statistical equilibrium does not predict the formation of concentrated vortices as seen in the time integration. We also calculate statistical equilibria for the initial vorticity field with a planetary vorticity term, and find a change of statistical equilibria from quadrupole states to zonally symmetric states as the angular velocity of the sphere increases. The quadrupole statistical equilibria show nearly linear relations between the macroscopic vorticity and the macroscopic stream function, implying that higher-order Casimir invariants are virtually ineffective even when all Casimir invariants are considered. The discrepancy between the equilibria and the time integration results emphasizes the importance of mixing barriers, which prevent the relaxation of the evolving vorticity field to the statistical equilibria and allow the point-vortex-like dynamics of coherent vortices to persist.
Integrating molecular analyses with the 2021 WHO classification of adult pilocytic astrocytomas
Authors: Moreno-Torres Beatriz , Manzano-Benito Irene , Cantero Diana , Romo Ángel , de Lope Ángel Rodríguez , Mollejo Manuela , Hernández-Laín Aurelio , Meléndez Bárbara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Pilocytic astrocytomas (PAs) are benign grade 1 gliomas according to the World Health Organization (WHO). They are common in children but rare in adults in whom they may have a worse prognosis. Pediatric PAs are usually associated with dysregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, often involving BRAF alterations such as the KIAA1549::BRAF (K-B) fusion or V600E mutation. We investigated the molecular characteristics of adult PA using gene-targeted next-generation sequencing and specific gene tests, including for K-B fusion, TERT promoter, and FGFR1 hotspot mutations. The most frequent molecular alterations detected involved the MAPK pathway, particularly affecting BRAF and NF1 genes (55%). The prevalence of the K-B fusion (&gt;40%) was higher than previously reported, likely due to challenges in detecting it. We identified molecular alterations in some cases that raised the differential diagnosis of other tumor types, revealing limitations in the 2021 WHO classification for adult PA. After removing other diagnostic types that may mimic PA histology, no adult patients with a diagnosis of PA and K-B fusion died after more than 10 years of mean follow-up. These findings suggest that, similar to pediatric cases, PA in adults may be driven by a single molecular hit, where the K-B fusion is not related to poor outcome.
Soldiers and Autocratization. Varieties of Military Roles in Post-Cold War Asia
Authors: Croissant Aurel , Kuehn David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper analyzes the military’s behavior in seventeen episodes of autocratization in Asia-Pacific since 1991. It presents a conceptualization of military roles in situations of autocratization. The inductive empirical analysis discusses seven variables of military behavior that combine two theoretical perspectives from existing strands of research: military-centric and society-centered explanations. We identify three forms of military behavior as empirically relevant in Asia. Each is characterized by the presence of a distinct combination of four causal factors: incumbent threats to the military’s core interests and a strong praetorian tradition (military-centered variables); and military veto power and a strong ruling party organization (society-centric factors). Other variables, such as a military background of political leaders, elite radicalization and polarized mass mobilization, and internal security and public order as established role of the military cannot account for varieties of military action in episodes of autocratization.
Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells inhibit responses of T follicular helper cells during experimental Plasmodium yoelii infection
Authors: Mo Lengshan , Hong Cansheng , Jiang Zhihan , Zhu Yiqiang , Zhou Lu , Tan Simin , Deng Guorong , Qi Yanwei , Hu Tengfei , Wu Qianlian , Zhao Yi , Qiu Huaina , Liang Taizhen , Lin Peibin , Zhang Jian , Ma Xiancai , Yang Quan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractMalaria remains a significant global public health problem. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, a subset of CD4+ T cells, have the capacity to regulate B cells, plasma cells, and antibody production, among other functions. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) possess strong immunosuppressive abilities and can negatively regulate various immune responses. However, the role of MDSCs in inhibiting Tfh‐cell responses during Plasmodium infection remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory effect of MDSCs on Tfh cell‐mediated immune responses upon Plasmodium infection. We found that the numbers of MDSCs increased upon Plasmodium infection. Further mechanism study revealed that MDSC‐derived Arg‐1 and PD‐L1 prevented Tfh cell proliferation and activation. Conversely, the addition of nor‐NOHA or anti‐PD‐L1 monoclonal antibodies enhanced the proliferation and activation of Tfh cells, indicating that the inhibitory effect of MDSCs on Tfh cells was dependent on Arg‐1 and PD‐1/PD‐L1. In vivo depletion of MDSCs enhanced Tfh‐cell responses and antibody production, as well as relieved symptoms of infected mice and improved their survival rates. These findings provide insights into the immunosuppressive role of MDSCs in inhibiting Tfh cell immune responses and further impairing humoral immunity. Our study provides new strategies for malaria prevention and control.
Mastering the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score: Critical Choices of Score Statistic, Timing, Imputations, and Competing Risk Handling in Major Trials—A Systematic Review
Authors: Marmiere Marilena , D’Amico Filippo , Monti Giacomo , Landoni Giovanni 
Published: December 2024

Objectives:
The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score originated as a tool for assessing organ dysfunction in critical illness but has expanded to become an outcome measure in clinical trials. We aimed to assess how the SOFA score was used as the primary or secondary endpoint of major randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Data Sources:
Independent reviewers searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases.

Study Selection:
Articles were selected when they fulfilled: 1) RCT; 2) SOFA score was primary or secondary endpoint; and 3) published in the Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, or Journal of the American Medical Association.

Data Extraction:
Data collection included study details, outcomes, statistical differences in SOFA score, choice of score statistics, timepoints of SOFA reporting, and how missing data and competing risks analysis were managed.

Data Synthesis:
Twenty-three RCTs had SOFA score as outcome measure, eight used it as primary endpoint. Daily maximum SOFA was the key statistic in 11 RCTs, delta SOFA was used in eight, and mean SOFA in four. Mean SOFA was most frequently chosen as primary endpoint (4/8, 50%). There were 18 different outcome assessment timepoints, ranging from 1 to 28 days. Three RCTs reported statistically significant difference in SOFA between groups. Handling of missing SOFA scores was not described in ten of 23 RCTs. When described, it varied from study to study with variable imputation methods and variable accounting for the competing risk of mortality and ICU discharge.

Conclusions:
There is major variability in the choice of summary statistic for SOFA score analysis and assessment timepoints, when using it as outcome measure in RCTs. There was either no information or great variability in the handling of missing values, use of imputation, and accounting for competing risk. The current use of SOFA scores in RCTs lacks sufficient reproducibility and statistical and methodological robustness.
Hepatic real-world outcomes with obeticholic acid in primary biliary cholangitis (HEROES): A trial emulation study design
Authors: Brookhart M. Alan , Mayne Tracy J. , Coombs Charles , Breskin Alexander , Ness Erik , Bessonova Leona , Chu Yucheng Julia , Li Jing , Fried Michael W. , Hansen Bettina E. , Kowdley Kris V. , Jones David , Mells George , Trivedi Palak J. , Hiu Shaun , Kareithi Dorcas N. , Wason James , Smith Rachel , Seeger John D. , Hirschfield Gideon M. 
Published: December 2024

Background and Aims:
Primary biliary cholangitis is a rare, progressive liver disease. Obeticholic acid (OCA) received accelerated approval for treating patients with primary biliary cholangitis in whom ursodeoxycholic acid failed, based on a surrogate endpoint of reduction in ALP. Analysis of the long-term safety extension with 2 external control groups demonstrated a significant increase in event-free survival in OCA-treated patients. This fully real-world evidence study assessed the effect of OCA treatment on clinical outcomes.

Approach and Results:
This trial emulation used data from the Komodo Healthcare Map claims database linked to US national laboratory, transplant, and death databases. Patients with compensated primary biliary cholangitis and intolerance/inadequate response to ursodeoxycholic acid who initiated OCA therapy were compared with patients who were OCA-eligible but not OCA-treated. The primary endpoint was time to the first occurrence of death, liver transplant, or hospitalization for hepatic decompensation, analyzed using a propensity-score weighted Cox proportional hazards model. Baseline prognostic factors were balanced using standardized morbidity ratio weighting. For the primary analysis, 4174 patients contributed 11,246 control index dates, and 403 patients contributed OCA indexes. Weighted groups were well balanced. Median (95% CI) follow-up in the OCA and non-OCA arms was 9.3 (8.4–10.6) months and 17.5 (16.2–18.6) months (weighted population; censored at discontinuation). Eight events occurred in the OCA arm and 32 in the weighted control (HR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.14–0.75; p < 0.001). Effects were consistent for each component of the composite endpoint.

Conclusions:
We identified a 63% reduced risk of hospitalization for hepatic decompensation, liver transplant, or death in OCA-treated versus non–OCA-treated individuals.

Trial Registration:
HEROES; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05292872.
Tissue Glue-Assisted Plaque Radiotherapy for Choroidal Tumors with Scleral Thinning
Authors: Shields Carol L. , Suribhatla Rhea , Romero Mark , Ealer Christin , Bansal Rolika , Emrich Jacqueline , Komarnicky-Kocher Lydia , Lally Sara E. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate tissue glue-assisted plaque placement regarding accuracy, stability, and longer-term outcomes for choroidal tumors with scleral thinning.

Methods:
All patients with tissue glue-assisted plaque radiotherapy at a single ocular oncology center were evaluated for patient demographics, tumor features, surgical details, tumor response, and glue-related complications.

Results:
There were 13 patients (mean age 72 years) treated with tissue glue-assisted plaque radiotherapy for choroidal melanoma (n=12) or choroidal metastasis (n=1). At presentation, the tumor was mean 4.3 mm to the optic disc and 2.0 mm to the foveola with mean basal diameter of 9.5 mm and thickness of 4.2 mm. In all cases, the tissue glue-assistance was employed due to extreme scleral thinning in the bed of proposed radiation. The plaque size was 15 mm (n=5), 18 mm (n=7), or 20 mm (n=1). At application, there was no immediate glue hypersensitivity, ultrasonography confirmed accuracy of placement, and the glue remained adherent for the entire treatment duration (mean 113 hours) with stable plaque location at removal. At removal, the plaque-glue composite was peeled off the globe without need for glue dissolvent and without scleral disruption. At 12 months mean melanoma thickness (2.7 mm, regression 36%). There were no conjunctival, corneal, or scleral complications.

Conclusion:
Tissue glue-assisted plaque radiotherapy is safe and effective for treatment of choroidal tumors with thin sclera.
Experience of Orofacial Injuries and Use of Mouthguards — A Survey in German Elite Sport
Authors: Merle Cordula Leonie , Rott Theresa Antonia , Rauch Angelika , Wolfarth Bernd , Wüstenfeld Jan , Haak Rainer , Schmalz Gerhard , Ziebolz Dirk 
Published: December 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the experience of orofacial injuries and sports mouthguard use in German elite athletes.

Design:
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted.

Setting:
The data were collected at the Institute of Applied Training Science (IAT, Leipzig, Germany) that provides regular primary care for elite athletes.

Participants:
German elite athletes (18-35 years) from different disciplines with completed questionnaire on oral health in sports between May 2020 and April 2021 were included.

Interventions:
N/A.

Main Outcome Measures:
Number of dental, oral, and facial injuries during sports career and mouthguard use (received information, ownership, frequency) were assessed and compared between disciplines with different risks for orofacial trauma.

Results:
In total, questionnaires of 337 athletes (23 ± 4 years, 50% female) were included. Disciplines were classified into high (HT, n = 20), medium (MT, n = 48), and low (LT, n = 269) risk for orofacial trauma. Substantial rates of injuries were identified; especially a lot of HT athletes reported orofacial injuries (HT: 55%, MT: 31%, LT: 17%; P ≤ 0.076) and dental injuries (HT: 30%, MT: 10%, LT: 7%; P ≤ 0.028). Mouthguards were rare (HT: 25%, MT: 0%, LT: 3%).

Conclusions:
There is a need for more prevention of orofacial injuries in German elite sports for both HT and MT.
The push to infuse mental health education across advanced nursing curricula
Authors: Roche Rosa M. , Hidalgo Ivette , Graña Antonella , Brenes Francisco 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Research indicates that knowledge gaps and unfavorable attitudes among primary care advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are linked to stigma surrounding psychiatric care, affecting the management of patients experiencing mental illness. Despite standards of practice and educational guidelines set forth by professional nursing organizations to increase quality of care, challenges exist when delivering care to patients with mental health disorders. Lack of integration of mental health education throughout graduate nursing courses contributes to an underestimation of its significance and applicability within advanced practice nursing in primary care. Advancing mental health education across primary care APRN curricula promotes access to psychiatric care, reduces disparities, and enhances health outcomes in the United States. Such practices increase competence and skills for primary care APRNs in the care of patients with mental health illness. This cultivates an advanced practice nursing workforce prepared to meet the evolving needs of diverse patients across the lifespan. Primary care APRNs offer a combination of clinical knowledge, holistic approach to care, and a strong focus on patient advocacy; therefore, we feel that enhancing primary care APRNs' knowledge in mental health may lead to decreased health care costs, increased access to psychiatric care, and decreased need for emergency mental health services.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Role of Proton Pump Inhibitors in Prevention of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Saeed Aamir , Haider Marjan , Yousuf Saira , Ahmad Soban , Fine Michael , Yazdani Ali , Hayat Umar , Noverati Nicholas , Khan Muhammad Ali , Gangwani Manesh Kumar , Aziz Muhammad , Farooq Umer , Kamal Faisal 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with oral P2Y12 inhibitors and aspirin is crucial for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and postpercutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Concomitant proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy with DAPT can potentially reduce the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB)

Aim:
We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the prevention of UGIB with concomitant use of PPI with DAPT.

Methods:
We reviewed several databases to identify randomized controlled trials comparing the risk of UGIB in patients using DAPT + PPI vs. DAPT with no PPI or DAPT + Histamine 2 receptor antagonists. Our outcomes of interest were UGIB, major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE), myocardial infarction, and all-cause mortality. We calculated pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all of the outcomes and analyzed data using random effect model. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistic

Results:
Seven randomized controlled trials comprising 6708 patients were included. Rate of UGIB was significantly lower in the PPI + DAPT group, RR (95% CI): 0.39 (0.25–0.60). There was no significant difference in the rate of MACE between groups, RR (95% CI): 0.87 (0.69–1.10). Rate of MI was also not significantly different between groups, RR (95% CI): 0.93 (0.75–1.14). Rate of mortality was significantly lower in the PPI + DAPT group, RR (95% CI) 0.46 (0.27–0.80)

Conclusions:
Our meta-analysis demonstrates that adding PPI therapy to DAPT significantly lowers the risk of UGIB and all-cause mortality, without adversely affecting major cardiovascular outcomes.