bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of Multi‐Energy Spectral Photon‐Counting Computed Tomography in Crystal Arthritis
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , Anderson Nigel G. , Becce Fabio , Rajeswari Maya , Polson Matthew , Guyen Olivier , Viry Anais , Choi Chloe , Kirkbride Tracy E. , Raja Aamir Y. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether novel multi‐energy spectral photon‐counting computed tomography (SPCCT) imaging can detect and differentiate between monosodium urate (MSU), calcium pyrophosphate (CPP), and hydroxyapatite (HA) crystal deposits ex vivo.MethodsA finger with a subcutaneous gouty tophus and a calcified knee meniscus excised at the time of surgery were obtained. The finger was imaged using plain x‐ray, dual‐energy CT (DECT), and multi‐energy SPCCT. Plain x‐ray and multi‐energy SPCCT images of the meniscus were acquired. For validation purposes, samples of the crystals were obtained from the tophus and meniscus, and examined by polarized light microscopy and/or x‐ray diffraction. As further validation, synthetic crystal suspensions of MSU, CPP, and HA were scanned using multi‐energy SPCCT.ResultsPlain x‐ray of the gouty finger revealed bone erosions with overhanging edges. DECT and multi‐energy SPCCT both showed MSU crystal deposits; SPCCT was able to show finer detail. Plain x‐ray of the calcified meniscus showed chondrocalcinosis consistent with CPP, while SPCCT showed and differentiated CPP and HA.ConclusionMulti‐energy SPCCT can not only detect, differentiate, and quantify MSU crystal deposits in a gouty finger ex vivo, but also specifically detect, identify, and quantify CPP within an osteoarthritic meniscus, and distinguish them from HA crystal deposits. There is potential for multi‐energy SPCCT to become useful in the diagnosis of crystal arthropathies.
High cell density culture of baker's yeast FX‐2 based on pH‐stat coupling with respiratory quotient
Authors: Li Xiao , Huang Cong , Xu Chao‐Qun , Tan Ya‐Li , Luo Yu‐Di , Zou Kun , Li Jian‐Hua , Deng Zhang‐Shuang , Zheng Zhong , Ye Han , Zhang Xiao‐Long , Zheng Nian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe high cell density culture of baker's yeast FX‐2 was investigated in a 50 L(A) automatic bioreactor. Herein, it was found firstly that the Crabtree effect clearly existed in batch fermentation with higher glucose content, then the critical initial glucose content range (≤2.00 g L−1) was reasonably ascertained to effectively avoid Crabtree effect. In the next fed‐batch fermentations with different strategies, the second strategy (maintain ethanol concentration lower than 0.10% and pH around 4.80) was confirmed to be more beneficial to yeast growth than the first strategy (keep reducing sugar not more than 2.00 g L−1and control steady Carbon/Nitrogen ratio 3.05:1.00). After that, one optimal control strategy (maintain pH around 4.80 and keep respiratory quotient in the range of 0.90–1.00) was constructed to further enhance cell yield. Under an optimal control strategy, four schemes with the aim of achieving pH‐stat were compared, and yeast extract instead of other alkaline materials was selected as a better regulator. As a result, 148.37 g L−1dry cell weight, 38.25 × 108mL−1living cells, and 8.24 g L−1 h−1productivity were harvested, which respectively elevated 23.74%, 135.38%, and 24.47% compared to that obtained under the traditional scheme (regulate pH with ammonia); meanwhile, the maximum oxygen uptake rate and carbon dioxide excretion rate were both more than 250.00 mmol L−1 min−1.
Circular RNA expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in hepatocellular carcinoma patients by sequence analysis
Authors: Lei Bo , Zhou Jian , Xuan Xiuyun , Tian Zhiqiang , Zhang Mengjie , Gao Weiwu , Lin Yuxin , Ni Bing , Pang Hui , Fan Weiping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of noncoding RNAs that have potential regulatory roles in disease pathogenesis and progression. Recently, circRNAs have been found to be expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and involved in the development and metastasis of HCC. However, the significance of circRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of HCC patients remains unclear. In this study, RNA sequencing analysis was performed to identify circRNAs from four HCC patients and three healthy controls to determine the expression pattern of circRNAs in the PBMCs and the circRNAs’ molecular regulatory networks in HCC pathogenesis. A total of 58 circRNAs were found to be significantly changed (≥2 or ≤0.5‐fold) in the PBMCs of HCC patients compared with those of the healthy cases. Six random representative circRNAs (three up‐ and three down‐regulated) were further validated by real‐time RT‐PCR in 72 samples of PBMCs from HCC patients and 30 control subjects. Chi‐square test indicated that one of the up‐regulated circRNA candidates—circ_0000798—was correlated with clinical variables. Highly expressed circ_0000798 was associated with poor overall survival of HCC patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis further revealed that circ_0000798 was discriminating HCC patients from healthy controls. Finally, the predicted competing endogenous RNA network of circ_0000798 showed that it might act as a “sponge” of target microRNAs, that would subsequently regulate the expression of target genes in PBMCs. In summary, this is the first study to comprehensively identify dysregulated circRNAs in PBMCs of HCC patients, and its findings suggest that dysregulated circ_0000798 in PBMCs has potential as a convenient biomarker for diagnosing or prognosticating HCC.
When is the gift given? Organ donation, social representations, and an opportunity to register
Authors: Moloney Gail , Sutherland Michael , Norton Maddison , Walker Iain 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe gift of life doctrine underpins Australia's approach to organ donation: in legislation, clinical practice, community awareness campaigns, and educational activities. In this paper, we present an approach that situates an understanding of organ donation within a social representation framework as a system of values, ideas, and practices. In cadaveric donation, the final giving‐of‐the‐gift can never be by the donor, leading us to ask where the potential donor's decision to give the gift really lies. We present research from three studies that explored the relationship between what was socially understood about organ donation and the registration of donation intent. Drawing from three socially and culturally diverse populations, we asked people working in a corporate city institution and those attending two football matches in the outer city area to complete a word‐association task and Likert‐scale belief questions about organ donation—followed by an opportunity to register immediately on the Australian Organ Donor Register. Driven by the interdependent themata of life/death and self/other, the gift of life doctrine is inextricably linked with the loss of life emerging as both positive and negative beliefs allowing their relationship to actual registration behaviour to be observed. Our findings suggest that in many instances, the potential donor's genuine desire to give the gift lies in the tension between positive and negative beliefs, manifesting as a consent registration when the positive beliefs about donation prevail and an immediate opportunity to register is available.
Energy, Thermal, and Economic Analysis of Air Heat Pumps for Hot Water
Authors: Szreder Mariusz 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOperation tests of an air heat pump used for domestic hot water (DHW) heating were performed. The influence of the supply air temperature in the evaporator cycle and the variable heat load of the condenser on the heating power of the heat pump and the coefficient of performance (COP) was evaluated and discussed. In order to ensure conditions for efficient compressor operation, it is advisable to gradate the heat load of the heat pump using a circulating pump with smooth capacity regulation. The economic analysis demonstrates that the usage of air heat pumps for DHW in comparison with installations equipped with solar collectors provides no measurable economic benefits.
Revisiting Bond Breaking and Making in EuCo2P2: Where are the Electrons?
Authors: Yannello Vincent , Guillou Francois , Yaroslavtsev Alexander A. , Tener Zachary P. , Wilhelm Fabrice , Yaresko Alexander N. , Molodtsov Serguei L. , Scherz Andreas , Rogalev Andrei , Shatruk Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractX‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to elucidate changes in the electronic structure caused by the pressure‐induced structural collapse in EuCo2P2. The spectral changes observed at the L3‐edge of Eu and K‐edges of Co and P suggest electron density redistribution, which contradicts the formal charges calculated from the commonly used Zintl–Klemm concept. Quantum‐chemical calculations show that, despite the increase in the oxidation state of Eu and the formation of a weak P−P bond in the high‐pressure phase, the electron transfer from the Eu 4f orbitals to the hybridized 5d and 6s states causes strengthening of the Eu−P and P−P bonds. These changes explain the increased electron density on P atoms, deduced from the P K‐edge XAS spectra. This work shows that the formal electron counting schemes do not provide an adequate description of changes associated with phase transitions in metallic systems with substantial mixing of the electronic states.
A C4N4 Diaminopyrimidine Fluorophore
Authors: Noda Hidetoshi , Asada Yasuko , Maruyama Tatsuro , Takizawa Naoki , Noda Nobuo N. , Shibasaki Masakatsu , Kumagai Naoya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new scaffold for producing efficient organic fluorescent materials was identified: 2,5‐diamino‐4,6‐diarylpyrimidine featuring a C4N4 elemental composition. Single‐step installation of two aryl groups at the 4,6‐positions of the pyrimidine core delivered fluorescent organic materials in a modular fashion. A range of fluorescent compounds with distinct absorption/emission properties was readily accessed by changing the aromatic attachments. A generally high absorption coefficient and quantum yield were observed, including C4N4 derivatives that could fluoresce even in the solid state. The two amino groups at the 2,5‐positions of the pyrimidine were essential for intense fluorescence with a large Stokes shift, which was corroborated by structural relaxation to a p‐iminoquinone‐like structure in the excited state. Besides live‐cell imaging capabilities, fluorescent labeling of a protein involved in autophagy elucidated a new protein–protein interaction, supporting potential utility in bioimaging applications.
Homocarbaporphyrinoids: The m‐o‐m and p‐o‐p Terphenyl Embedded Expanded Porphyrin Analogues and Their RhI Complexes
Authors: Adinarayana B. , Das Mainak , Suresh Cherumuttathu H. , Srinivasan A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStable homocarbaporphyrinoids were successfully synthesized by incorporating the m‐o‐m and p‐o‐p terphenyl units into the porphyrin core. The distinct bonding modes of terphenyl in the macrocycle generated two structural isomers with two and four carbon atoms in the macrocyclic environment. The core was utilized to stabilize the RhI ion. The spectral and structural analyses revealed that the restricted (m‐o‐m) and allowed (p‐o‐p) conjugation in the macrocyclic core provide overall non‐aromatic characteristics both to the free bases and their complexes.
Evaluation of PCR‐HRM, RFLP, and direct sequencing as simple and cost‐effective methods to detect common EGFR mutations in plasma cell–free DNA of non–small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Zaini Jamal , Syahruddin Elisna , Yunus Muhammad , Andarini Sita Laksmi , Hudoyo Achmad , Masykura Najmiatul , Yasril Refniwita , Ridwanuloh Asep , Hidajat Heriawaty , Nurwidya Fariz , Suharsono Sony , Utomo Ahmad R.H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer patients with mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene are treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).AimsWe aimed to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–high‐resolution melting (HRM), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and direct sequencing (DS) to detect EGFR mutations in cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) before and after TKI treatment in real‐world settings of a developing country.MethodsPaired cytology and plasma samples were collected from 116 treatment‐naïve lung cancer patients. DNA from both plasma and cytology specimens was isolated and analyzed using PCR‐HRM (to detect exon 19 insertion/deletion), RFLP (to genotypes L858R and L861Q), and DS (to detect uncommon mutations G719A, G719C, or G719S [G719Xaa] in exon 18 and T790M and insertion mutations in exon 20).ResultsEGFR genotypes were obtained in all 116 (100%) cfDNA and 110/116 (94.82%) of cytological specimens of treatment‐naïve patient (baseline samples). EGFR‐activating mutations were detected in 46/110 (40.6%) plasma samples, and 69/110 (63.2%) mutations were found in routine cytology samples. Using cytological EGFR genotypes as reference, we found that sensitivity and specificity of baseline plasma EGFR testing varied from 9.1% to 39.39% and 83.12% to 96.55%, respectively. In particular, the sensitivity and specificity of this assay in detecting baseline T790M mutations in exon 20 were 30% and 89.58%, respectively. Three months after TKI treatment, plasma T790M and insertion exon 20 mutations appeared in 5.4% and 2.7% patients, respectively.ConclusionsDespite low sensitivity, combined DS, RFLP, and PCR‐HRM was able to detect EGFR mutations in plasma cfDNA with high specificity. Moreover, TKI resistance exon 20 insertions mutation was detected as early as 3 months post TKI treatment.
Efficient mobile code offloading in heterogeneous wireless networks
Authors: Lu Feng , Liu Ruoxue , Li Wei , Jin Hai , Zomaya Albert Y. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryMobile data offloading has already appeared to offer the means of addressing the challenges of limited computing capability and battery life of mobile devices. Most existing code offloading frameworks only consider migrating an application within a single network at a time and failed to fully utilize the energy efficiency mechanism of the latest CPU chips. To tackle these issues, we propose an offloading approach under both a multitasking environment and a heterogeneous network to increase energy and execution efficiency. The offloading problem was formulated as a biobjective optimization problem that aims to save energy and keep a good performance by combining mobile cloud computing with big.LITTLE technology under a heterogeneous network equipped with cellular and WiFi connectivity. By varying the applications and network scenarios, the experimental results show that with offloading a single application using our proposed framework, the data‐intensive application can obviously benefit when the access point density of WiFi reaches 0.0002 unit/m2. Under multiple application scenarios, our proposed framework can increase processing speed by an average of 0.3× over the single application and can save an average of 25% power over the single application.
Local diagnosability under the PMC model with application to matching composition networks
Authors: Jiang Hua , Qiu Weidi , Gui Weixia , Liang Jiarong 
Published: February 2019

SummaryMatching composition network is a family of interconnection networks, including the BC network and the hyper Petersen network, etc. In this paper, we prove that the local diagnosability of an MCN can be obtained by adding one to that of the component with some structural restrictions. Additionally, we obtain a sufficient condition for verifying that an MCN with fault‐free edges (faulty edges, respectively) has strong local diagnostic properties. By applying these results, the BC network BCn and the hyper Petersen network HPn are nl‐diagnosable at each node belonging to them, for n ⩾ 3. These interconnection networks with fault‐free edges (faulty edges, respectively) possess the strong local diagnosability property.
Abuse, invalidation, and lack of early warmth show distinct relationships with self‐criticism, self‐compassion, and fear of self‐compassion in personality disorder
Authors: Naismith Iona , Zarate Guerrero Santiago , Feigenbaum Janet 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCultivating self‐compassion is increasingly recognized as a powerful method to regulate hyperactive threat processes such as shame and self‐criticism, but fear of self‐compassion (FSC) can inhibit this. These difficulties are underexplored in personality disorder (PD) despite their prevalence. Furthermore, little evidence exists regarding how these factors relate to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and attachment.MethodFifty‐three participants with a diagnosis of PD completed measures including childhood abuse/neglect, invalidation, early warmth, self‐compassion, shame, self‐criticism, FSC, and anxious/avoidant attachment.ResultsSelf‐compassion was predicted uniquely by low early warmth; self‐inadequacy by invalidation and abuse; and FSC by multiple ACEs. FSC and self‐compassion were significantly correlated with self‐criticism and shame, but not with one another.ConclusionsLow self‐compassion and high FSC appear to be distinct problems, substantiating physiological models proposing distinct threat and soothing systems. Results are consistent with theories positing that low self‐compassion has distinct origins to shame, self‐criticism, and FSC.
Near‐3‐MeV protons from target‐normal‐sheath‐acceleration femtosecond laser irradiating advanced targets
Authors: Torrisi L. , Cutroneo M. , Rosinski M. , Badziak J. , Parys P. , Wołowski J. , Zaraś‐Szydłowska A. , Torrisi A. 
Published: February 2019

Advanced targets based on graphene oxide and gold thin film were irradiated at high laser intensity (1018–1019 W/cm2) with 50‐fs laser pulses and high contrast (108) to investigate ion acceleration in the target‐normal‐sheath‐acceleration regime. Time‐of‐flight technique was employed with SiC semiconductor detectors and ion collectors in order to measure the ion kinetic energy and to control the properties of the generated plasma. It was found that, at the optimized laser focus position with respect to the target, maximum proton acceleration up to about 3 MeV energy and low angular divergence could be generated. The high proton energy is explained as due to the high electrical and thermal conductivity of the reduced graphene oxide structure. Dependence of the maximum proton energy on the target focal position and thickness is presented and discussed.
Ionization dynamics of dense matter generated by intense ultrashort X‐ray pulses
Authors: Shihab Mohammed , Bornath Thomas , Redmer Ronald 
Published: February 2019

We investigate a pump‐probe X‐ray Thomson scattering (XRTS) experiment that might be carried out at a free electron laser facility to study warm‐to‐hot states of dense matter. Ultrashort and intense X‐ray pulses with different energies (1,560–1,830 eV) heat a 1 µm thick Al target isochorically and create homogeneous and uncompressed warm‐to‐hot states of dense matter. A second pulse with variable delay probes this heated state via XRTS. The X‐ray laser–target interaction is modelled within radiation‐hydrodynamic simulations applying the HELIOS‐CR code. The HELIOS‐CR results qualitatively agree with Monte‐Carlo simulations, where the laser pulse absorption is simulated based on a uniform random sequence of events. The electron feature in the simultaneously observed X‐ray scattering spectrum is a function of the degree of ionization and the target temperature. Therefore, the temporal evolution of the plasmon peak measures the ionization dynamics on ultra‐short time scales. The XRTS spectrum is calculated based on the Chihara formula utilizing the Born‐Mermin approximation for the free electron dynamic structure factor. The proposed experiment will reveal important details of the ionization dynamics on ultra‐short time scales as well as of the relaxation on ps time scales.
Flow Cytometry Assessment of CD26+ Leukemic Stem Cells in Peripheral Blood: A Simple and Rapid New Diagnostic Tool for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Raspadori Donatella , Pacelli Paola , Sicuranza Anna , Abruzzese Elisabetta , Iurlo Alessandra , Cattaneo Daniele , Gozzini Antonella , Galimberti Sara , Baratè Claudia , Pregno Patrizia , Nicolosi Maura , Sorà Federica , Annunziata Mario , Luciano Luigiana , Caocci Giovanni , Moretti Sabrina , Sgherza Nicola , Fozza Claudio , Russo Sabina , Usala Emilio , Liberati Marina A. , Ciofini Sara , Trawinska Monika M. , Gozzetti Alessandro , Bocchia Monica 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundRecent investigations in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have focused on the identification and characterization of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). These cells reside within the CD34+/CD38─/Lin─ fraction and score positive for CD26 (dipeptidylpeptidase IV) a marker, expressed in both bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB) samples, that discriminates CML cells from normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or from LSCs of other myeloid neoplasms. CD26 evaluation could be a useful tool to improve the identification of CML LCSs by using flow‐cytometry assay.MethodsCD26+ LSCs have been isolated from EDTA PB and BM samples of patients with leucocytosis suspected for CML. Analysis of LSCs CML has been performed by using custom‐made lyophilized pre‐titrated antibody mixture test and control tube and a CD45+/CD34+/CD38−/CD26+ panel as a strict flow cytometric gating strategy.ResultsThe expression of CD26 on CD34+/CD38− population was detectable in 211/211 PB and 84/84 BM samples of subsequently confirmed BCR‐ABL+ CP‐CML patients. None of the 32 samples suspicious for CML but scoring negative for circulating CD26+ LSCs were diagnosed as CML after conventional cytogenetic and molecular testing. To validate our results, we checked for PB CD26+ LSCs in patients affected by other hematological disorders and they all scored negative for CD26 expression.ConclusionsWe propose flow cytometry evaluation of CD26 expression on PB CD34+/CD38− population as a new rapid, reproducible, and powerful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of CML. © 2019 The Authors. Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Will like replace like? Linking thermal performance to ecological function across predator and herbivore populations
Authors: Rosenblatt Adam E. , Wyatt Katherine S. , Schmitz Oswald J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe inability of species to adapt to changing climate may cause ecological communities to disassemble and lose ecological functioning. However, theory suggests that communities may be resilient whenever populations within species exhibit variation in thermal plasticity or adaptation whereby thermally tolerant populations replace thermally sensitive ones. But will they maintain the functional roles of the populations being replaced? This study evaluated whether “like replaces like” functionally by measuring how four populations of a grasshopper herbivore and its co‐occurring spider predator cope with environmental warming. The study occurred across a latitudinal gradient bounded by southerly, warmer Connecticut and northerly, cooler New Hampshire, USA. The study compared the survival rates, thermal performance, habitat usage, and food chain interactions of each grasshopper and spider population between its home field site (field of origin) and a Connecticut transplant site, and the native Connecticut population. Three grasshopper populations exhibited physiological plasticity by adjusting metabolic rates. The fourth population selected cooler habitat locations. Spider populations did not alter their metabolism and instead selected cooler habitat locations, thereby altering spatial overlap with their prey and food chain interactions. Grasshopper populations that coped physiologically consumed plants in different ratios than the fourth population and the Connecticut population. Hence, “like may not replace like” whenever populations adapt physiologically to warming.