bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a novel polysulfone/chitosan membrane incorporated with green synthesized CuO from aloe vera extract for toxic dye removal
Authors: Danagody Balaganesh , Kalaivanan Vennila , Rajappan Kalaivizhi , Iqbal Anwar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe environment and public health have been protected by the simple, non‐destructive, and ecologically benign process used for fabricating membranes. In this study, a low‐cost wastewater treatment membrane is made from raw materials followed by phase inversion approach. A typical organic pollutant that has earned a poor track record for gradually harming aquatic life. Thus, the membrane technology is used to minimize the water contaminated by dyes. To treat wastewater, a membrane was developed by combining green synthesized CuO nanoparticles with polysulfone (PS) and chitosan (CS). The developed membranes were analyzed using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and x‐ray diffraction techniques. The developed membrane, along with the nanoparticles and additives, confirmed its crystalline confirmation, hydrophilicity, arrangement of structures, and morphological modifications. CuO nanoparticles were prepared using aloe vera extract, and incorporated into a mixed matrix membrane was utilized for the congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) adsorption processes. The absorption capacity was analyzed via UV spectroscopy makes it potentially important for membrane performance. Therefore, the resulting membrane could be used as a substrate for dye removal applications.
Action potential threshold variability for different electrostimulation models and its potential impact on occupational exposure limit values
Authors: Soyka Florian , Tarnaud Thomas , Alteköster Carsten , Schoeters Ruben , Plovie Tom , Joseph Wout , Tanghe Emmeric 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOccupational exposure limit values (ELVs) for body internal electric fields can be derived from thresholds for action potential generation. These thresholds can be calculated with electrostimulation models. The spatially extended nonlinear node model (SENN) is often used to determine such thresholds. Important parameters of these models are the membrane channel dynamics describing the ionic transmembrane currents as well as the temperature at which the models operate. This work compares action potential thresholds for five different membrane channel dynamics used with the SENN model. Furthermore, two more detailed double‐cable models by Gaines et al. (MRG‐Sensory and MRG‐Motor) are also considered in this work. Thresholds calculated with the SENN model and the MRG models are compared for frequencies between 1 Hz and 100 kHz and temperatures at 22°C and 37°C. Results show that MRG thresholds are lower than SENN thresholds. Deriving alternative ELVs from these thresholds shows that the alternative ELVs can change significantly with different ion channel dynamics (up to a factor of 22). Using the double cable model could lead to approximately ten times lower alternative exposure limit values. On the contrary, using the SENN model with different membrane channel dynamics could also lead to higher alternative exposure limit values. Therefore, future exposure guidelines should take the influence of different electrostimulation models into account when deriving ELVs.
Perrault syndrome: a forgotten presentation for infertile women
Authors: Alkhonezan Manal , Alkhonezan Shahad , Al‐Jaroudi Dania 
Published: November 2024

Key clinical messagePerrault syndrome (PRLTS) is an uncommon hereditary condition distinguished by ovarian failure in females and sensorineural hearing loss. Infertility can be the presenting problem for a serious disease. History and physical examination is very essential among infertile couples.AbstractPerrault syndrome (PRLTS) is an uncommon hereditary condition distinguished by ovarian failure in females and sensorineural hearing loss. This case presentation describes a 22‐year‐old female from Saudi Arabia with PRLTS. The patient presented with progressive bilateral hearing loss since childhood, impacting her academic achievement. Additionally, she experienced amenorrhea since the age of 18 years, with previous investigations showing no hormonal imbalances. Other laboratory tests, including bone mineral density, kidney and liver function, electrolytes, and lipid profile, showed mostly normal results, except for a slightly abnormal lipid profile with low high‐density lipoprotein and high low‐density lipoprotein levels. This case highlights the challenges faced by individuals with PRLTS, specifically progressive hearing loss and gonadal dysfunction, leading to infertility. Further evaluation and management are warranted to address the patient's hearing impairment and fertility concerns, with a multidisciplinary approach involving audiology, endocrinology, and reproductive medicine.
Revealing the Potential of Bimetallic Carbide Catalysts for Upgrading Biomass‐Derived Bio‐Oil: A First Principles‐Based Investigation Using Representative Bio‐Oil Constituents
Authors: Bathla Sagar , Mushrif Samir H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBimetallic carbides, especially based on molybdenum carbide, proved to be a promising hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalyst, with enhanced selectivity towards C─O bonds cleavage. However, catalysts are generally investigated using limited model components derived from only one of the biopolymers in biomass (either lignin or carbohydrates), therefore, HDO of raw biomass‐derived bio‐oil still remains a challenge, as it contains molecules of different functionalities. This paper presents a systematic comparison of the monometallic carbide, Mo2C, with the novel bimetallic carbide incorporating W using representative bio‐oil components of different functionalities and derived from different bio‐polymers components of biomass. We employed quantum mechanical investigation to reveal that the W‐doped Mo2C carbide (MoWC) catalyst with increased oxophilicity, owing to tungsten incorporation, can perform HDO of real bio‐oil more effectively in comparison to its monometallic counterpart (Mo2C) using six substrates representing different components of bio‐oil. We showed MoWC can selectively cleave both single/double (C─O/C═O) bonds with similar barriers in comparison to Mo2C which can only selectively cleave single C─O bonds. This observation was consistent for 5‐HMF, Acetic acid, and Methyl Glyoxal. We also showed that MoWC outperforms its metallic counterpart Mo2C in the HDO for aromatic and carbohydrates components.
Emerging Trends in Quinoxaline‐Based Analogs as Protein Kinase Inhibitors: Structural Developments and SAR Insights
Authors: Shivani  , Mahajan Amol T. , Chaudhary Sandeep 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCancer remains a leading cause of mortality and has been recognized as a significant global health concern. Although numerous effective anticancer agents are available; most of the current drugs lack specificity, leading to common side‐effects associated with chemotherapy. Recent research, however, offers promise for developing more targeted and safer anticancer therapies through protein kinase inhibition. Quinoxaline derivatives represent a notable class of heterocyclic compounds. The extensive spectrum of biological activities demonstrated by quinoxalines has garnered substantial research interest. Quinoxaline and its derivatives have emerged as a novel class of chemotherapeutic agents with significant activity against various tumors through protein kinase inhibition. This review aims to elucidate recent advancements in the quinoxaline derivatives targeting protein kinase along with structural developments and structure‐activity relationships associated with these compounds.
Exploring the effects of RNNs and deep learning frameworks on real‐time, lightweight, adaptive time series anomaly detection
Authors: Lee Ming‐Chang , Lin Jia‐Chun , Katsikas Sokratis 
Published: November 2024

SummaryReal‐time, lightweight, adaptive time series anomaly detection is increasingly critical in cybersecurity, industrial control, finance, healthcare, and many other domains due to its capability to promptly process time series and detect anomalies without requiring extensive computation resources. While numerous anomaly detection approaches have emerged recently, they generally employ a single type of recurrent neural network (RNN) and are implemented using a single type of deep learning framework. The impacts of using various RNN types across different deep learning frameworks on the performance of these approaches remain unclear due to a lack of comprehensive evaluations. In this article, we aim to investigate the impact of different RNN variants and deep learning frameworks on real‐time, lightweight, and adaptive time series anomaly detection. We reviewed several state‐of‐the‐art anomaly detection approaches and implemented a representative approach using several RNN variants supported by three popular deep learning frameworks. A thorough evaluation was conducted to analyze the detection accuracy, time efficiency, and resource consumption of each implementation using four real‐world, open‐source time series datasets. The results show that RNN variants and deep learning frameworks have a significant impact. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully select appropriate RNN variants and deep learning frameworks for the implementation.
Research on High Power Density Flyback Converter With a New Passive Lossless Snubber
Authors: Zhao Yin , Chen Shenghua , Tang Yu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a flyback converter with a new passive lossless snubber. It eliminates the power dissipation of the traditional RCD snubber, while providing protection against MOS breakdown from energy stored in the power‐transformer leakage. This energy is used to power the power chip, which simplifies the design of the transformer. Meanwhile, an optimal design method for high power density planar transformers is presented. Applying the principle of flux cancellation, a matrix transformer that originally needed an independent magnetic core was integrated into a single magnetic core to reduce the volume of the core. This method effectively reduces the printed circuit board (PCB) layer number of the planar transformer and increases the possibility of the application of the planar transformer in the flyback converter. The detailed operation principle and design considerations are presented. Finally, a multi‐output flyback converter with a frequency of 100 kHz is designed to verify the practical performance of the structure.
Birds and bats reduce herbivory damage in Papua New Guinean highland forests
Authors: Sivault Elise , Koane Bonny , Chmurova Lucia , Sam Katerina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInsectivorous predators, including birds and bats, play crucial roles in trophic cascades. However, previous research on these cascades has often relied on permanent predator exclosures, which prevent the isolation of specific effects of birds and bats, given their different activity patterns throughout the day. Moreover, limited knowledge exists regarding the variations in individual effects of these predators under different biotic and abiotic conditions, such as changes in elevation. To address these uncertainties, our study aimed to investigate the distinct effects of bats and birds on arthropod densities in foliage and herbivory damage in lowland and highland rainforests of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Predator exclosures were established for one month to exclude diurnal or nocturnal predators across 120 saplings (ca. 2.5–4 m tall) selected from two lowland and two highland forests (i.e., 30 saplings per study site) along the Mt. Wilhelm transect in PNG. Arthropods were collected and measured, and herbivory damage was analyzed at the end of the experiment. Birds significantly reduced arthropod densities by 30%, particularly in arthropods longer than 10 mm, regardless of elevation. Additionally, both birds and bats appeared to mitigate herbivory damage in highland forests, with protected saplings displaying up to 189% more herbivory. Our results support previous studies that have demonstrated the ability of insectivorous predators to reduce leaf damage through the control of arthropods. Furthermore, our approach highlights the importance and necessity of further research on the role of seasons and elevations in trophic cascades.
Geographic variation in leaf traits and palatability of a native plant invader during domestic expansion
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Jie , Wang Shengyu , Liao Zhi‐Yong , Parepa Madalin , Zhang Lei , Cao Peipei , Bi Jingwen , Guo Yaolin , Bossdorf Oliver , Richards Christina L. , Wu Jihua , Li Bo , Ju Rui‐Ting 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLike alien plant invasion, range expansion of native plants may threaten biodiversity and economies, rendering them native invaders. Variation in abiotic and biotic conditions across a large geographic scale greatly affects variation in traits and interactions with herbivores of native plant invaders, which is an interesting yet mostly unexplored issue. We used a common garden experiment to compare defensive/nutritional traits and palatability to generalist herbivores of 20 native (23.64° N–30.18° N) and introduced range (31.58° N–36.87° N) populations of Reynoutria japonica, which is a native invader following range expansion in China. We analyzed the relationships among herbivore pressure, climate, plant chloroplast haplotypes, leaf traits, and herbivore performance. Of the 16 variables tested, we observed range differences in 11 variables and latitudinal clines in nine variables. In general, herbivores performed better on the introduced plants than on the native plants, and better on the high‐latitude plants than on the low‐latitude plants within the introduced populations. Three key traits (leaf thickness, specific leaf area, and carbon‐to‐nitrogen [C:N] ratio) determined palatability to herbivores and were significantly associated with temperature and/or precipitation of plant provenance as well as with plant haplotypes but not with herbivore pressure. Our results revealed a causal sequence from plant‐range‐based environmental forces and genetic context to plant quality and palatability to herbivores in R. japonica. These findings suggest a post‐introduction evolution of R. japonica, which may partly explain the colonization success of this important native, but invasive plant.
Palladium‐Catalyzed C4,C5‐Diarylation of Isoxazole‐3‐Carboxylate by Double C−H Bond Functionalization
Authors: Ben Romdhane Rabeb , Liu Linhao , Ben Salem Ridha , Doucet Henri 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Pd‐catalyzed C4‐arylation of 3,5‐disubstituted isoxazoles via C−H bond functionalization has been largely described. By contrast, the reactivity of isoxazoles in C−H bond functionalization with both unsubstituted C4 and C5 positions remains largely unexplored. Herein, we report on the reactivity in Pd‐catalyzed double C−H bond arylation of an isoxazole with unsubstituted C4 and C5 positions. Conditions for the palladium‐catalyzed direct C4,C5‐diarylation of ethyl isoxazole‐3‐carboxylate using aryl bromides as the aryl source are reported. This procedure tolerates several useful substituents on the aryl bromide such as nitrile, acetyl, formyl, benzoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, chloro, fluoro, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, cyanomethyl, tertbutyl and methoxy at para‐ and meta‐positions. Conversely, with ortho‐substituted aryl bromides, mixtures of mono‐ and di‐arylated isoxazoles were generally obtained. This methodology provides a simple one pot access to a wide variety of C4,C5‐diarylated isoxazoles from commercially available substrates allowing to modify easily their biological properties.
Understanding Foresight‐Policy Interactions: The Role of Institutionalization
Authors: Priebe Max , Veit Sylvia , Warnke Philine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPublic administration in governments strives to develop forward‐looking capacities. Foresight has come to the fore as a set of practices that is mobilized to counter political myopia. Despite this increasing interest in governmental foresight, research suggests that diverging institutional practices, organizational structures, and epistemic cultures between foresight practices and policy‐making result in loose coupling. This article aims to contribute to understanding these complicated foresight‐policy interactions. To this end, we draw on findings from public administration scholarship. The concept of institutionalization is employed to analyze how foresight aligns with working practices and routines in government. Based on an in‐depth case study on the institutionalization of foresight practices within the German Federal Government, we demonstrate that scrutinizing the multiple dimensions of institutionalization helps not only to understand where and why loose ends occur but also provides new insights into some of the causes of the lacking impact. The article does not aim to provide an easy fix. Instead, we want to sensitize foresight practitioners, reduce both disappointment and overstating regarding the role of foresight in policy‐making, and provide a nuanced understanding of foresight practices in government.
An update on the pharmacotherapy of postpartum depression
Authors: Arifunhera J. , Mirunalini R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExtensive research has been conducted on postpartum depression (PPD) over the past century, and yet no definitive answer regarding its etiopathogenesis, risk factors, genetic predilection, and treatment has been found. The few preclinical and clinical studies propose that maternal brain adaptations to the endocrinological, immunological, and behavioral changes and external sociodemographic risk factors in the perinatal period make women more vulnerable to anxiety and depression. Irrespective of the cause, a dilemma exists regarding the type of help to provide postpartum mothers. With very few treatment options at our disposal, deciding between psychotherapy, pharmacological, and non‐pharmacological therapy on a case‐by‐case basis is unproductive because in developing countries infrastructure is limited and the availability of medications, especially for psychiatric illnesses, is still evolving. Hence, regardless of psychotherapy, antidepressants remain the first line of treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs); sertraline has the best efficacy and safety profile in breastfeeding women. As endocrine factors play a significant role in etiopathogenesis, hormonal therapy with oxytocin has been shown to be efficacious, and studies investigating the role of testosterone in treating PPD are also under way. In 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first and only drug for the sole purpose of treating PPD, brexanolone. Zuranolone, a drug recently approved by the FDA, has a similar mechanism of action to brexanolone. For breastfeeding mothers reluctant to use pharmacotherapy, somatic therapy has been studied, including bright light therapy, vagal nerve stimulation, and newer noninvasive interventions. This article encompasses a short note on PPD, including its etiopathogenesis and clinical characteristics, and recapitulates the various available and evolving pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapies.
The Decreased Proliferation Capacity of Cardiomyocytes Induced By Androsterone Is Mediated By the Interactions Between Androgen Receptor and Retinoblastoma Protein
Authors: Huo Yu , Wang Wenji , Bai Fan , Gui Yonghao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTOur previous study has demonstrated that the decline in cardiomyocytes proliferation capacity induced by maternal androgen excess was mainly attributed to the accumulation of androsterone in the heart. However, the underlying mechanism by which androsterone inhibits cardiomyocytes proliferation remains unknown. In this study, pregnant mice were injected subcutaneously daily with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) from gestational day (GD) 16.5 to GD18.5. On GD18.5, fetal heart tissue was dissected and used for analyzing androgen receptor (AR) levels. H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes, isolated from fetal hearts, were applied to investigate the mechanism. H9c2 cells under androsterone treatment were subjected to RNA sequencing analysis and the results showed that genes were primarily enriched in cell cycle and DNA replication pathways. Elevated AR levels were observed in fetal cardiac tissue in the maternal DHT‐treated group. Androsterone treatment increased the ratio of nuclear AR and cytoplasmic AR both in H9c2 cells and primary cardiomyocytes. The ablation and overexpression of AR can mildly reverse and aggravate cell cycle arrest induced by androsterone, respectively. ChIP‐qPCR analysis suggested that AR can directly repress cell cycle and DNA replication‐related gene expression, which was mediated by the recruitment of retinoblastoma protein (Rb). The repression of cell proliferation in response to androsterone was alleviated partly through the downregulation of Rb by siRNA transfection. In conclusion, AR repression to cell cycle and DNA replication‐related gene expression, mediated by recruitment of Rb, may be one of the potential mechanisms of cell cycle arrest in cardiomyocytes induced by androsterone.
A Case With Gallbladder Villous Tubular Adenoma With High‐Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia Combined With Rectal Villous Tubular Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Asad , Zhou Hui , Zhao Ziou , Moazzam Nida Fatima , Hou Jie , Sun Hui , Wang Xian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe present the rare case of a 79‐year‐old female patient with the coexistence of gallbladder villous tubular adenoma and rectal villous tubular adenocarcinoma. She initially presented with blood in the stool, prompting a diagnosis of rectal cancer. Further examination revealed findings suggestive of a gallbladder pathology. Subsequent imaging and histopathological analyses confirmed the presence of a gallbladder villous tubular adenoma, high‐grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and rectal villous tubular adenocarcinoma. Surgical interventions included laparoscopic radical resection of the rectal cancer and cholecystectomy. Immunohistochemical examination differentiated between the two distinct adenomatous conditions. This case underscores the importance of thorough evaluation and multidisciplinary approaches for accurate diagnosis and management of complex presentations of gastrointestinal neoplasms.