bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Estimasi Reliabilitas Instrumen Pilihan Ganda dengan Memperhatikan Probabilitas Guessing
Authors: Nusantari Diah Oga 
Published: March 2018

<p>Reliability coeficient is a number which refer to stability result of an instrument measurement. The higher coeficient of reliability, the hingher trusted result of the instrumen will be. The degree of confidence of an intsrument, is expressed by reliability coefisient. For multiple choice instrument, estimation of reliability mostly calculated by KR-20. KR 20 formula calculate estimation of reliability instrumen by using correct score method. This study aims to comphere estimation of reliability coefficient by using KR-20 formula and by considering guessing probability. Hopely by considering guessing factor, estimation of reliability coefficient will increased</p><p> Key words: Instrument, Multiple choice, Reliability, Guessing probability</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Identifikasi Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung dan Kearifan Tradisional Masyarakat dalam Upaya Konservasi di Pulau Rambut Kepulauan Seribu
Authors: Alamsyah Mashudi , Marhento Giry 
Published: March 2018

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) Menganalisis keanekaragaman jenis burung di Pulau Rambut Kepulauan Seribu menggunakan metode <em>encounter rates</em> (tingkat pertemuan) yaitu pengamatan langsung dengan cara menjelajah dan menghitung setiap individu yang ditemui, (2) Menjelaskan bentuk kearifan tradisional masyarakat Pulau Untung Jawa Kepulauan Seribu, dan (3) Menjelaskan ancaman terhadap kearifan serta menganalisis cara menangkal ancaman dalam upaya melestarikan burung. Pencarian data menggunakan observasi langsung berupa eksplorasi dan wawancara pada narasumber yang dapat dipercaya. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan teropong binokuler merk carton dengan ukuran 8 x 30 tipe 430 FT/1000 YDS made in Japan. Setiap burung yang dijumpai diperhatikan ukuran, warna, dan suaranya sera ciri-ciri khasnya, kemudian diidentifikasi. Masyarakat Pulau Untung Jawa menganggap burung yang ada di Pulau Rambut merupakan anugerah dan berkah yang harus dilestarikan. Keanekaragaman jenis burung di Pulau Rambut Kepulauan Seribu cukup tinggi yaitu ditunjukkan dengan 24 jenis burung. Adanya aktivitas masyarakat Pulau Untung Jawa diduga memberikan pengaruh terhadap keanekaragaman jenis burung yang terdapat di Pulau rambut Kepulauan Seribu.<strong></strong></p><p> <strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Identifikasi Keanekaragaman, Jenis Burung, Kearifan Tradisional, Pulau Rambut, Kepulauan Seribu.</p>
Dinamika Kajian Ekologi Integratif, dalam Membangun Pola Pembangunan yang Berkelanjutan
Authors: Kristiyanto Kristiyanto , Sitanggang Netty Demak 
Published: March 2018

<p>Pola-pola pembangunan saat ini, mencerminkan bagaimana masyarakat dalam menyikapi kekayaan maupun potensi ekologi-lingkungan sekitar, untuk modal dalam pembangunan, di samping perannya sebagai pengemudi dan pengontrol ritme alam, sehingga menentukan stabilitas dinamika hubungan antara sesama dan alam sekitar. Di samping itu, keseimbangan tatanan alam, juga dapat dibangun dan tercipta dari perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan serta teknologi (IPTEKS),yang dikembangkan untuk memudahkan manusia mengeksplore lebih jauh kekayaan atau potensi tatanan ekologi-lingkungan dengan segala konsekuensinya. Oleh karena itu, dimensi kajian ekologi mempunyai peran penting dalam mendeteksi, merefleksi dan mengevaluasi dinamika pembangunan tersebut, sertamampu menentukan langkah kedepan, yang mengarah pada keseimbangan alam yang komprehensif dan integratif, baik secara ekologis maupun non ekologis. Kajian pustaka <em>(Library Research)</em>dan pengamatan intensif <em>(Depth-Observations)</em>, yang digunakanuntukmenganalisa kontens dari fenomena ekologismaupun non ekologis, sehingga elaborasi maupunkolaborasikeilmuan sangat dibutuhkandalammemahamidinamikatatananekologismaupun non ekologis, terkaitadanyaproses pembangunan yang terusberjalan. Asumsi mengenai hubungan manusia dengan alam tidak akan tercapai keseimbangan atau harmonisasi, bilamana paradigma pembangunan yang dibangunnya tidak mencerminkan atau merepresentasikan pada kaidah-kaidahekologis yang berlaku. Oleh karena itu, kerusakan demi kerusakan ekologis terus mengalami peningkatan dengan tahap yang semakin mengkwatirkan, yang tentunya dapat mengarah pada tahap kerusakan non ekologis (konflik sosial, ekonomi, budaya, politik, bahkan agama), bilamana tiadanya solusi yang strategis dan alternatif, dalam meresponnyasecaraadaptifdanpersuasif.</p><p> <strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>PotensiEkologi-lingkungan,KeseimbanganEkologisdan Non ekologis, KaidahEkologis, sertaPembangunan Berkelanjutan</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Pengembangan Desain Pembelajaran Matematika Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas 6
Authors: Rahmawati Ema , Suhendri Huri 
Published: March 2018

<p>Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan desain pembelajaran yang tepat dan sesuai bagi siswa Sekolah Dasar kelas 6. Jenis Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan dengan Model Pengembangan Instruksional (MPI). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Pancoranmas Depok dengan tiga sekolah yang dijadikan sebagai tempat penelitian yaitu, SDN Rangkapan Jaya, SDN Mampang 1, dan SDN Mampang 3. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu: Tahap pertama dalam model MPI adalah tahap mengidentifikasi yang terdiri dari tiga langkah sebagai berikut: a. mengidentifikasi kebutuhan instruksional dan menulis tujuan instruksional umum; b. melakukan analisis instruksional; dan c. mengidentifikasi perilaku dan karakteristik awal peserta didik. Tahap kedua adalah tahap mengembangkan yang terdiri dari empat langkah sebagai berikut: a. menulis tujuan instruksional khusus; b. menyusun alat penilaian hasil belajar; c. Menyusun strategi instrusional; dan d. mengembangkan bahan instruksional. Tahap ketiga, mengevaluasi dan merevisi yang terdiri dari satu langkah yaitu menyusun desain dan melaksanakan evaluasi formatif yang termasuk di dalamnya kegiatan merevisi bahan instruksional. Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini adalah tersusunnya bahan ajar yang efektif bagi siswa Sekolah Dasar kelas 6 pada mata pelajaran Matematika.<strong></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>Kata Kunci</strong>: Pengembangan, Desain Pembelajaran, Matematika SD.</p>
Pengaruh Status Gizi, Konsumsi Pangan dan Fasilitas Belajar Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika
Authors: Masruroh Aulia 
Published: March 2018

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh status gizi, konsumsi pangan, dan fasilitas belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar matematika anak SDN 09 Pagi Jakarta Utara, mengetahui pengaruh status gizi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika anak, mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi pangan terhadap prestasi belajar matematika anak, dan mengetahui pengaruh fasilitas belajar terhadap prestasi belajar matematika anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Sampel berjumlah 40 anak di kelas 4. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik penyebaran angket dan teknik tes. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Uji statistik yang digunakan yaitu uji F dan uji t. Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara status gizi, konsumsi pangan,dan fasilitas belajar secara bersama-sama terhadap prestasi belajar matematika anak (p = 0.000). Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara status gizi terhadap prestasi belajar matematika anak (p = 0.025). Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara konsumsi pangan terhadap prestasi belajar matematika anak (p = 0.031). Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara fasilitas belajar terhadap prestasi belajar matematika anak (p = 0.000).</p><p> <strong>Kata Kunci: </strong>Status Gizi, Konsumsi Pangan, Fasilitas Belajar, Prestasti Belajar Matematika.</p>
Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Siswa dengan Model Learning Cycle dalam Pembelajaran Fisika Di SMA Jakarta
Authors: Ulina Ninta Sri 
Published: March 2018

<br /><span class="s10"><span class="bumpedFont15">ABSTRAK </span></span><span class="s11"><span class="bumpedFont15">Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir siswa dengan model Learning Cycle dalam pembelajaran Fisika. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai dengan Maret </span></span><span class="s11"><span class="bumpedFont15">2011</span></span><span class="s11"><span class="bumpedFont15"> di SMAN 21 Jakarta. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X-3 yang berjumlah 36 orang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research) dimana hasil analisis dari suatu pembelajaran direfleksikan pada pembelajaran berikutnya. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga siklus, yaitu siklus I, siklus II, dan siklus III, yang pada setiap siklusnya terdiri dari 4 sampai 6 pertemuan. Siklus pertama membahas suhu dan pemuaian, siklus kedua membahas Kalor dan perubahan wujud, dan siklus ketiga membahas perpindahan kalor. Aspek yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah keterampilan berpikir siswa dengan indikator metakognitif, inferensi, dekontekstualisasi, dan kombinasi dan sintesis. Pada siklus I rata-rata pencapaian jumlah siswa yang melakukan aktivitas pembelajaran dengan baik sebesar 45,88%. Hasil rata-rata keterampilan berpikir siswa sebesar 57,9%. Pada siklus II hasil rata-rata pencapaian jumlah siswa yang melakukan aktivitas pembelajaran mengalami peningkatan yaitu sebesar 67,18%, begitu pula dengan rata-rata keterampilan berpikir siswa sebesar 77,2%. Pada siklus III rata-rata siswa yang melakukan aktivitas pembelajaran dengan baik sebesar 88,86% dan hasil rata-rata keterampilan berpikir siswa mencapai 93,2%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model learning cycle dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir siswa dan aktivitas belajar siswa.</span></span>
IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN TENTANG PENGANGKATAN PENGAWAS SEKOLAH DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Kusuma Yanti Yandri 
Published: March 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang mendalam mengenai Implementasi Kebijakan tentang pengangkatan Pengawas Sekolah di lingkungan Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Pekanbaru. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Dalam penelitian ini, narasumber ditetapkan secara sengaja dengan pertimbangan tertentu (purposive sampling). Data kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik interaktif (interactive analysis) yaitu melalui proses pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan keabsahan data diuji melalui uji kreadibilitas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses pengangkatan pengawas sekolah di lingkungan Dinas Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Kota Pekanbaru dimulai dari usulan Kadisdik Pekanbaru kepada Walikota Pekanbaru. Selain itu ketercapaian jumlah pengawas sekolah di dalam rumpun mata pelajaran pengawas sekolah belum tepat pada bidangnya, sehingga berdampak terhadap kelancaran tugas pengawas sekolah tersebut yang tidak efektif. Rekomendasi penelitian ini adalah agar Dinas Pendidikan Kota Pekanbaru dalam proses pengangkatan pengawas sekolah agar pengawas sekolah yang diangkat dimulai dengan analisis kebutuhan sehingga dapat dicapai ketepatan jumlah pengawas sekolah sesuai dengan rumpun mata pelajaran. Dengan demikian, pengawas dapat bekerja lebih efektif.
Characterization of Thyroid Nodule by Sonographic Features
Authors: Khadka Hensan , Sharma Saroj , Ghimire Ram Kumar , Sayami Gita 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The thyroid is an endocrine gland situated in the infrahyoid compartment of neck in a space outlined by muscle, trachea, esophagus, carotid arteries and jugular veins. Though nodular thyroid disease is relatively common, thyroid cancer is rare and accounts for less than 1% of all malignancies indicating that overwhelming majority of thyroid nodules are benign. The purpose of this study was to assess the sonographic characteristics in a solitary thyroid nodule and predict risk of malignancy.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu.62 patients with palpable thyroid nodule were evaluated for sonographic characteristics .USG guided FNA for cytopathological examination was then performed.Results: Out of 66 patients, four were subsequently excluded because they didn’t fulfill the inclusion criteria. Of the 62 patients, 47 (75.8%) were females and 15 (24.2%) were males. Among 56 benign nodules, 45 (80.4%) were in females and 11(19.6) were in male. Among 6 malignant nodules, 4(66.7%) were in males and 2 (33.3%) were in females. Result shows 5 malignant nodules (83.3%) were solid where as 1 malignant nodule (16.7%) was complex with solid predominance. All 4 cystic nodules (7.1%) were benign. All complex nodules with predomint cystic components were also benign. One malignant nodule (16.7%) had snow storm type of microcalcification. None of the benign nodules had microcalcification. Nodule having microcalcification was malignant. Findings showed that all malignant nodules (100%) had increased internal vascularity whereas benign nodules were variable in internal vascularity.Conclusion: This study has shown that colloid goiter is the commonest benign diagnosis whereas papillary carcinoma is the commonest malignancy. Malignant nodules are solid or predominantly solid whereas cystic and predominantly cystic nodules are likely to be benign. Macrocalcification and internal vascularity are not reliable to differentiate benign from malignant nodule. However, snowstorm calcification makes a nodule likely to be malignant whereas egg shell calcification is characteristic for benign nodule.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and the Diagnostic Stability of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Sugarman Michael A. , Alosco Michael L. , Tripodis Yorghos , Steinberg Eric G. , Stern Robert A. 
Published: March 2018

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is an intermediate diagnosis between normal cognition (NC) and dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. However, MCI is heterogeneous; many individuals subsequently revert to NC while others remain stable at MCI for several years. Identifying factors associated with this diagnostic instability could assist in defining clinical populations and determining cognitive prognoses. Objective: The current study examined whether neuropsychiatric symptoms could partially account for the temporal instability in cognitive diagnoses. Method: The sample included 6,763 participants from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set. All participants had NC at baseline, completed at least two follow-up visits (mean duration: 5.5 years), and had no recent neurological conditions. Generalized linear models estimated by generalized estimating equations examined associations between changes in cognitive diagnoses and symptoms on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Results: 1,121 participants converted from NC to MCI; 324 reverted back to NC and 242 progressed to AD dementia. Higher symptoms on the GDS-15 and circumscribed symptom domains on the NPI-Q were associated with conversion from NC to MCI and a decreased likelihood of reversion from MCI to NC. Individuals with higher symptoms on NPI-Q Hyperactivity and Mood items were more likely to progress to AD dementia. Discussion: The temporal instability of MCI can be partially explained by neuropsychiatric symptoms. Individuals with higher levels of specific symptoms are more likely to progress to AD dementia and less likely to revert to NC. Identification and treatment of these symptoms might support cognitive functioning in older adults.
Primary Care Outcomes Questionnaire: psychometric testing of a new instrument
Authors: Murphy Mairead , Hollinghurst Sandra , Cowlishaw Sean , Salisbury Chris 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundPatients attend primary care for many reasons and to achieve a range of possible outcomes. There is currently no Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) designed to capture these diverse outcomes, and trials of interventions in primary care may thus fail to detect beneficial effects.AimThis study describes the psychometric testing of the Primary Care Outcomes Questionnaire (PCOQ), which was designed to capture a broad range of outcomes relevant to primary care.Design and settingQuestionnaires were administered in primary care in South West England.MethodPatients completed the PCOQ in GP waiting rooms before a consultation, and a second questionnaire, including the PCOQ and seven comparator PROMs, after 1 week. Psychometric testing included exploratory factor analysis on the PCOQ, internal consistency, correlation coefficients between domain scores and comparator measures, and repeated measures effect sizes indicating change across 1 week.ResultsIn total, 602 patients completed the PCOQ at baseline, and 264 (44%) returned the follow-up questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis suggested four dimensions underlying the PCOQ items: health and wellbeing, health knowledge and self-care, confidence in health provision, and confidence in health plan. Each dimension was internally consistent and correlated as expected with comparator PROMs, providing evidence of construct validity. Patients reporting an improvement in their main problem exhibited small to moderate improvements in relevant domain scores on the PCOQ.ConclusionThe PCOQ was acceptable, feasible, showed strong psychometric properties, and was responsive to change. It is a promising new tool for assessment of outcomes of primary care interventions from a patient perspective.
Antibiotic determination of antibiotic susceptibility testing disks using liquid chromatography and microbiological assay
Authors: Ousaid Amine , Akrim Jaouad , Khayati Youssef 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The aim of this work was to control the quality of some antibiotics cartridges (ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin and vancomycin) used for antibiotic susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method. Antibiotics were determined in disks and two techniques were compared for this purpose, chromatographic and microbiological method.
Methods: Chromatographic method (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: HPLC) was used for determining ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin, and microbiological method for vancomycin and ampicillin. We used the European Pharmacopoeia 8th edition monographs and a simple and adapted method published in 2015 by Ramli Y. et Al.
Results: Dosage results reveal that 35% of unexpired cartridges had low content and all the expired AB’s disks gave low results.
Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that the content of antibiotics in disks could decrease if the storage and transport conditions (temperature and relative humidity) of disk cartridges were not respected. Therefore, properly performed quality control of antibiotic disks before use in laboratories would aid in providing accurate and reproducible results of dosage.
Keywords: Antibiotic disks, Quality control, Antibiogram, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Microbiological method.
The Angular Size Distribution of μJy Radio Sources
Authors: Cotton W. D. , Condon J. J. , Kellermann K. I. , Lacy M. , Perley R. A. , Matthews A. M. , Vernstrom T. , Scott Douglas , Wall J. V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We made two new sensitive (rms noise

μJy beam−1) high-resolution (θ = 3.″0 and θ = 0.″66 FWHM) S-band (2 < ν < 4 GHz) images covering a single JVLA primary beam (FWHM ≈ 14′) centered on J2000

, δ = +59°01′ in the Lockman Hole. These images yielded a catalog of 792 radio sources, 97.7 ± 0.8% of which have infrared counterparts stronger than S ≈ 2 μJy at λ = 4.5 μm. About 91% of the radio sources found in our previously published, comparably sensitive low-resolution (θ = 8″ FWHM) image covering the same area were also detected at 0.″66 resolution, so most radio sources with S(3 GHz) ≳ 5 μJy have angular structure ϕ ≲ 0.″66. The ratios of peak brightness in the 0.″66 and 3″ images have a distribution indicating that most μJy radio sources are quite compact, with a median Gaussian angular diameter

FWHM and an rms scatter σ

ϕ
≲ 0.″3 of individual sizes. Most of our μJy radio sources obey the tight far-infrared/radio correlation, indicating that they are powered by star formation. The median effective angular radius enclosing half the light emitted by an exponential disk is

, so the median effective radius of star-forming galaxies at redshifts z ∼ 1 is

.
The Milky Way Halo in Action Space
Authors: Myeong G. C. , Evans N. W. , Belokurov V. , Sanders J. L. , Koposov S. E. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
We analyze the structure of the local stellar halo of the Milky Way using ∼60000 stars with full phase space coordinates extracted from the SDSS–Gaia catalog. We display stars in action space as a function of metallicity in a realistic axisymmetric potential for the Milky Way Galaxy. The metal-rich population is more distended toward high radial action J

R
as compared to azimuthal or vertical action, J

ϕ
or J

z
. It has a mild prograde rotation

), is radially anisotropic and highly flattened, with axis ratio q ≈ 0.6–0.7. The metal-poor population is more evenly distributed in all three actions. It has larger prograde rotation

), a mild radial anisotropy, and a roundish morphology (q ≈ 0.9). We identify two further components of the halo in action space. There is a high-energy, retrograde component that is only present in the metal-rich stars. This is suggestive of an origin in a retrograde encounter, possibly the one that created the stripped dwarf galaxy nucleus, ωCentauri. Also visible as a distinct entity in action space is a resonant component, which is flattened and prograde. It extends over a range of metallicities down to [Fe/H] ≈ −3. It has a net outward radial velocity

within the solar circle at

. The existence of resonant stars at such extremely low metallicities has not been seen before.
Massive, Absorption-selected Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts
Authors: Kanekar N. , Prochaska J. X. , Christensen L. , Rhodin N. H. P. , Neeleman M. , Zwaan M. A. , Møller P. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Zafar T. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The nature of absorption-selected galaxies and their connection to the general galaxy population have been open issues for more than three decades, with little information available on their gas properties. Here we show, using detections of carbon monoxide emission with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, that five of seven high-metallicity, absorption-selected galaxies at intermediate redshifts, z ≈ 0.5–0.8, have large molecular gas masses, M
Mol ≈ (0.6–8.2) × 1010
M
⊙ and high molecular gas fractions (f
Mol ≡ M
Mol/(M
* + M
Mol) ≈ 0.29–0.87). Their modest star formation rates (SFRs), ≈(0.3–9.5) M
⊙ yr−1, then imply long gas depletion timescales, ≈(3–120) Gyr. The high-metallicity absorption-selected galaxies at z ≈ 0.5–0.8 appear distinct from populations of star-forming galaxies at both z ≈ 1.3–2.5, during the peak of star formation activity in the Universe, and lower redshifts, z ≲ 0.05. Their relatively low SFRs, despite the large molecular gas reservoirs, may indicate a transition in the nature of star formation at intermediate redshifts, z ≈ 0.7.
Les figurines de terre cuite de l’Aphrodision d’Argos
Authors: Aurigny Hélène , Croissant Francis 
Published: March 2018

FrLa documentation coroplastique de l’Aphrodision d’Argos constitue un ensemble très riche pour observer les créations de la plastique archaïque argienne, en particulier la production des types de la « dame assise » qui associent modelage, pour le corps, et moulage, pour la tête. Leur étude révèle l’existence de plus d’une vingtaine de visages différents, créés tout au long du vie siècle, qui montrent non seulement la créativité des ateliers argiens, mais qui posent aussi la question de la destination de ces modèles originaux et leur rapport avec les ateliers de bronziers. En tout cas, on voit se développer en parallèle les techniques du modelage et du moulage durant le vie siècle.