bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of complement receptors on human normal and malignant mononuclear cells
Authors: Slease RB , Gadek JE , Frank MM , Scher I 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mononuclear cells from normal human subjects and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), chronic lymphosarcoma cell leukemia (LCL), and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) were labeled with fluoresceinated, purified human C3b (FI-C3b) and analyzed using the fluorescence- activated cell sorter (FACS). FI-C3b labeled 17.6% +/- 6.0% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from 20 normal subjects, which, when separated by the FACS, consisted of B lymphocytes and approximately 5% monocytes. Analyses in which either monocytes or B lymphcoytes were excluded from consideration demonstrated that both these cell types were labeled by the FI-C3b with a heterogeneous distribution of fluorescence intensity, indicating either heterogeneity of CR density or variable avidity of individual CR for the FI-C3b. FACS profiles of PBM ( < 5% monocytes) from 14 of 15 patients with CLL showed a homogeneous distribution of very low fluorescence intensity, with > 60% of the cells being slightly more fluorescent than unlabeled controls. This low, homogeneous distribution of fluorescence is strikingly similar to profiles of CLL cells labeled with anti-Ig reagents and suggests homogeneity of low CR density and/or avidity. Similarly, CR+ mononuclear cells from five patients with HCL and three patients with LCL displayed more homogeneous FI-C3b labeling than normal CR+ PBM. Homogeneity of FI-C3b binding to CLL, LCL, and HCL cells further supports the concept for a clonal origin for these disorders.
Characterization of B-cell leukemias: a tentative immunomorphological scheme
Authors: Koziner B , Kempin S , Passe S , Gee T , Good RA , Clarkson BD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Analysis of the morphological and immunologic [surface (Sm Ig) and cytoplasmic (Cy Ig) immunoglobulin, faintness (f.imfl) or brightness (b.imfl) of surface immunofluorescence, rosette formation with mouse erythrocytes (MR), or sheep red cells coated with C3 (EAC)] characteristics of the neoplastic lymphocytes involved in 137 cases of B-cell leukemias allowed the differentiation of the following cytologic categories: B1 small lymphocytes (71); SM Ig+, f.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR+, EAC+; B2 prolymphocyte (4): SM Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR+, EAC+. B3 plasmacytoid lymphocyte (2): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig+/-, MR+!-, EAC+/- B4 small cleaved lymphocyte (23): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR-, EAC+. B5a large cleaved and B5b noncleaved lymphocytes (14): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR-, EAC-. B6 small noncleaved “Burkitt-like” lymphocyte (5): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR-, EAC-. B7 plasma cell (2): Sm Ig+, MR-, EAC-. B8 hairy cell (16): Sm Ig+, b.imfl., Cy Ig-, MR-, EAC-, also exhibiting ingestion or attachment of particulate material, not seen in other types. Improved delineation of the heterogeneous group of B-cell leukemias might be of developmental significance in lymphocyte differentiation and improve current prognostic and therapeutic criteria.
A statistical analysis of murine stem cell suicide techniques
Authors: Quesenberry PJ , Stanley K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The clinical application of soft agar cloning techniques for granulocyte-macrophage stem cells (CFU-C) has resulted in a number of contradictory reports that may in part be due to an inadequate data base. Growth of murine CFU-C is more reproducible and less variable than that of human CFU-C. We utilized in vivo hydroxyurea suicide of murine marrow CFU-C to address the question of how many experiments are needed to detect a specific difference with a p of less than 0.05. In 66 experiments the mean marrow CFU-C hydroxyurea kill was 23.3%; 6–9 separate experiments were necessary to detaect differences of 25%-30%. In order to be sure that a 25%-30% difference is not present, 15–21 experiments were required. Using a Dec-20 computer, 1000 samples of sample size 3, 4, or 10 were drawn from the 66 experiments; it was found that with 3 experiments and a true value of 23%, the actually observed value was below 10%, 17% of the time, and was over 40% in 10% of the samplings. In a smaller number of experiments similar results were obtained analyzing 3HTdR suicide of pluripotent stem cells and CFU- C. These data could provide a base from which to judge the validity of studies utilizing the CFU-C technique.
Crotalocytin: recognition and purification of a timber rattlesnake platelet aggregating protein
Authors: Schmaier AH , Claypool W , Colman RW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
After being envenomated by the timber rattlesnake, a patient was found to have a platelet count of 5000 per microliter, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time both greater than 150 sec, plasma fibrinogen 0 mg/dl, and fibrinogen split products 2560 microgram/ml. However, this patient did not appear to have acute disseminated intravascular coagulation since coagulation factors II-XII were normal. We postulated that this venom contained, in addition to a fibrinogen clotting enzyme, a platelet activating protein, Crotalocytin. Crotalocytin was purified from crude timber rattlesnake venom by Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration, low ionic strength precipitation, and DEAE-A50 Sephadex chromatography. By sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and gel-filtration Crotalocytin was a single chain polypeptide, molecular weight 55,000. Thrombocytopenia after timber rattlesnake bite appeared to be due to a protein that directly activated platelets. Timber rattlesnake bite mimicked the clinical presentation of disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Splenic granulocytopoiesis and production of colony-stimulating activity in lymphoma and leukemia
Authors: Greenberg PL , Steed SM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Spleen cell production of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating activity (CSA) and colony forming capacity (CFU-GM) from 59 patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, acute (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and control subjects was quantified to evaluate local cellular potential for modulating splenic granulocytopoiesis. Mononuclear spleen cell conditioned media stimulated myeloid CFU-GM by human nonadherent marrow target cells. In contrast to conditioned media produced by marrow and peripheral blood cells, the vast majority of spleen CSA was generated by nonadherent lymphoid cells rather than adherent monocytic cells. The nonadherent cells producing CSA were non- T cells (assessed by sheep erythrocyte rosetting), with 98% +/- 2% CSA produced by the nonrosetted fraction (B lymphocytes and null cells), and had a peak density heavier than that of the adherent spleen CSA- producing cells. Dose response curves demonstrated significantly increased cellular CSA production from patients with lymphomas and AML in remission. In a high proportion of patients, foci of immature granulocytic cells were found by specific cytochemical staining of histologic sections of spleens. A limited degree of splenic granulocytopoiesis was demonstrated morphologically and by CFU-GM incidence. CSA was not detectable in conditioned medium prepared from nonadherent spleen cells from 5 patients with CML, due to a nondialyzable substances(s) produced by the nonadherent cells which inhibited normal CFU-GM response to CSA. The high CFU-GM incidence and extensive leukemic granulocytopoiesis present in the CML spleens suggests diminished effect of this inhibitor on leukemic as opposed to normal granulocytic precursor cell proliferation.
Isotypic discordance of paraproteins and lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins in myeloma
Authors: Nicholls M , Vincent PC , Repka E , Saunders J , Gunz FW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
B lymphocyte surface immunoglobulins (Smlg) were studied in 24 patients with multiple myeloma by means of anti-isotypic antisera, and their heavy and light chain isotypes were compared in each patient with those of the paraprotein. In 21 patients, lymphocyte Smlg consisted of only one light chain type, and in 16 of only 1 heavy chain type. However, the Smlg and paraprotein heavy and light chain types were identical in only 5 patients while in 6 they differed in heavy and light chain types, in 7 in light chain type, and in 4 in heavy chain type. In 2 patients with light chain myeloma, Smlg light chains were isotypically the same as the paraprotein. Isotypic discordance between paraprotein and Smlg may signify the proliferation of a second malignant clone with failure to differentiate into secreting plasma cells. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the lymphocyte Smlg could have the same idiotypic specificity as the paraprotein despite the isotypic differences, but this will require further studies using anti-idiotypic antisera.
Long-term survival and reversal of iron overload after marrow transplantation in dogs with congenital hemolytic anemia
Authors: Weiden PL , Hackman RC , Deeg HJ , Graham TC , Thomas ED , Storb R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Severe hemolytic in Basenji dogs secondary to pyruvate kinase deficiency was corrected by marrow transplantation from hematologically normal littermates. These dogs have now been followed for more than 5.5 yr. Essentially normal hematopoiesis has persisted, and the dogs remain in good health without cirrhosis or osteosclerosis. Furthermore, hepatic iron overload present before transplantation has gradually decreased. These results in dogs suggest that marrow transplantation could prevent the morbidity and mortality of severe hemolytic anemia and associated iron overload in man.
Quantitation of three types of gamma chain of HbF by high pressure liquid chromatography; application of this method to the HbF of patients with sickle cell anemia or the S-HPFH condition
Authors: Huisman TH , Altay C , Webber B , Reese AL , Gravely ME , Okonjo K , Wilson JB 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A modification of a high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) procedure is described that enables the complete separation and quantitation of the A gamma T, A gamma I, and G gamma chains in human fetal hemoglobin. The method, which is fast and accurate, requires 5 to 2000 micrograms Hb F. The purity of the Hb F is not essential and admixture of up to 70% adult Hb does not interfere with the determination. The method has been applied to the Hb F of 64 Black SS patients and 7 persons with the Hb S-HPFH (G gamma A gamma type) conditions. (A) Both “adult” G gamma to A gamma (2:3) and “newborn” G gamma to A gamma (3:2) ratios were observed in adult SS patients, 8 yr and older. Only 12% of the SS patients had the “newborn” ratio. This high G gamma to A gamma ratio may be due to a modification of the genetic switch mechanism that regulates the change of this ratio after birth. (B) Intermediate G gamma to A gamma ratios were only found in young SS patients, 5 yr of age or less. The results suggest a delayed switch of the newborn leads to adult ratio in sickle cell anemia. (C) The A gamma T chain was present in only 6% of all SS patients. One patient is homozygous for this variant chain. (D) Three of the 7 subjects with Hb S-HPFH were positive for the A gamma T chain. Its percentage was low, which suggests that the A gamma T chain gene is in trans of the HPFH determinant. (E) Quantitation of the three gamma chain types is also possible in the Hb F from Hb S heterozygotes with (nearly) normal Hb F levels. Such an analysis is useful for an evaluation of genetic conditions involving variations in the production of (different types of) Hb F.
Prevention of graft rejection following bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Gale RP , Ho W , Feig S , Champlin R , Tesler A , Arenson E , Ladish S , Young L , Winston D , Sparkes R , Fitchen J , Territo M , Sarna G , Wong L , Paik Y , Bryson Y , Golde D , Fahey J , Cline M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling is increasingly used in the treatment of severe aplastic anemia. One major problem with this approach is graft rejection that occurs in 25%-60% of patients conditioned for transplantation with cyclophosphamide. At most transplant centers it has been difficult to accurately identify patients at high risk for graft rejection. We studied a conditioning regimen of cyclophosphamide (200 mg per kg) and low-dose total body irradiation (3 Gy; equivalent to 300 rad) in 23 consecutive unselected patients with aplastic anemia followed for a minimum of 6 mo. There was only one episode of graft rejection. Graft-versus-host disease and interstitial pneumonitis were not increased by the more intensive conditioning regimen. Actuarial survival was 61% at 1 yr and 49% at 2.5 yr. Cyclophosphamide and low-dose total body irradiation is an effective conditioning regimen in patients with aplastic anemia. It may be particularly useful when accurate predictive tests of graft rejection are not available as is the case in most transplant centers.
Role of kidney in the catabolic clearance of human platelet antiheparin proteins from rat circulation
Authors: Bastl CP , Musial J , Kloczewiak M , Guzzo J , Berman I , Niewiarowski S 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Stimulated platelets release at least two antiheparin proteins: platelet factor 4 (PF4) and low affinity platelet factor 4 (LA-PF4) from which beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) is derived. We have found previously marked elevation of LA-PF4/beta TG antigen in platelet poor plasma of patients with chronic renal failure, whereas levels of PF4 remained normal. Therefore, we examined the role of the kidneys in the metabolic clearance of LA-PF4/beta TG and PF4. The supernates of aggregates of thrombin-stimulated human platelets were injected into sham operated control rats, nephrectomized rats, and into rats with acute ureteral ligation. The disappearance of human LA-PF4/beta TG antigen and PF4 in rat plasma determined by specific radioimmunoassays followed biphasic exponential curves. The half-lives (t1/2) for the fast and slow components of LA-PF4 in control rats were 6.4 and 68.4 min. Nephrectomy significantly increased these times to 9.7 and 144 min, while ureteral ligation resulted in no significant change. Comparison of the level of LA-PF4/beta TG antigen and of creatinine in aorta and in renal vein showed 25%-30% extraction of these compounds by the kidney. Less than 0.1% of the total LA-PF4 antigen injected was recovered in the urine of control rats. In contrast to these results, the clearance of PF4 was not affected by nephrectomy. In conclusion: (1) functional renal tissue is necessary for normal clearance of LA- PF4/beta TG, but renal excretion does not play a major role in its elimination suggesting that the protein is catabolized by the kidney; and (2) catabolic clearance of PF4 does not depend on functioning kidney tissue.
Electrophoretic mobility distributions distinguish hairy cells from other mononuclear blood cells and provide evidence for the heterogeneity of normal monocytes
Authors: Petty HR , Ware BR , Liebes LF , Pelle E , Silber R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The electrophoretic mobility distributions of hairy cells, normal monocytes. CLL, and normal lymphocytes isolated from blood were determined by electrophoretic light scattering. Values obtained for hairy cells, 1.52 X 10(-4) cm2/V . sec, were indistinguishable from that of normal monocytes. The mobility of CLL lymphocytes was similar to that of normal B cells. After exposure to neuraminidase, hairy cells revealed a homogeneous distribution with a reduced mobility of 0.55 X 10(-4) cm2/V . sec, while normal monocytes showed a heterogeneous distribution of electrophoretic mobilities suggestive of subpopulations. The electrokinetic behavior of hairy cells thus differs from that or normal and CLL lymphocytes before, and from that of monocytes after, treatment with neuraminidase. The hairy cell therefore possesses a distinct pattern of surface charge properties that clearly distinguish it from the circulating B cells, T cells, or monocytes.
Erythropoiesis in vitro: enhancement by neuraminidase
Authors: Rowley PT , Ohlsson-Wilhelm BM , Farley BA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neuraminidase treatment of human fetal liver or adult marrow cells prior to culture results in an increased number of erythroid colonies and bursts. No increase occurs in the number of nonerythroid colonies. The number of bursts having more than eight subunits is increased preferentially. Individual burst subunits are also enlarged. Neuraminidase-treated cells yield erythroid bursts when cultured in concentrations of erythropoietin insufficient to produce bursts from untreated cells. It is proposed that (1) neuraminidase treatment of adult and fetal cell mixtures specifically stimulates differentiation of erythroid precursors, (2) the preferential stimulation of erythroid bursts having many subunits suggests a preferential susceptibility of more primitive BFU-Es, and (3) neuraminidase treatment enhances the response of erythroid precursors to erythropoietin.
Inhibition of platelet phospholipid methylation during platelet secretion
Authors: Shattil SJ , McDonough M , Burch JW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A pathway for the synthesis of membrane phosphatidylcholine involving the N-methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine has been detected in several types of mammalian cells. Furthermore, it has been implicated in the coupling of agonist binding to cell response. We examined whether human platelets exhibit this synthetic pathway and whether platelet agonists influence its activity. When washed platelets were incubated with 0.15 microM L-[methyl-3H]methionine at 37 degrees C, they incorporated methyl-3H into their phospholipids linearly at the rate of 1 pmole/10(9) platelets/hr. When incubated with 20 microM radiolabeled methionine, they incorporated about 15 pmole/10(9) platelets/hr. The radioactivity was found predominantly in phosphatidyl- N-monomethylethanolamine, phosphatidyl-N,N-dimethylethanolamine, and phosphatidylcholine. Thrombin caused an immediate (within 15 sec) and sustained (up to 30 min) decrease in the rate and extent of N- methylation of platelet phospholipids. This was accounted for by a decrease in synthesis of methylated phospholipids rather than an increase in their degradation. This thrombin effect correlated with serotonin release and could be dissociated from platelet aggregation and prostaglandin synthesis. Thrombin also decreased the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine when choline was used as the radiolabeled substrate. Other agonists such as epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate (ADP), or A23187 also decreased phospholipid methylation under conditions in which they stimulated serotonin release. These data demonstrate that platelets are capable of synthesizing phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylethanolamine by N-methylation and that agonists perturb this pathway as they induce platelet secretion. The precise role of phospholipid methylation in either resting or stimulated platelets remains to be established.
Impaired platelet response to thromboxane-A2 and defective calcium mobilization in a patient with a bleeding disorder
Authors: Lages B , Malmsten C , Weiss HJ , Samuelsson B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet aggregation, secretion, and thromboxane formation induced by various agonists, including arachidonate, prostaglandin-G2 (PGG2), and thromboxane-A2 (TxA2), were examined in a patient with a bleeding disorder who was previously reported to have a TxA2-related defect. Aggregation and 14C-5HT secretion were decreased, and no TxB2 formation occurred in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine, or collagen. Arachidonate-induced aggregation and TxB2 formation, and PGG2- induced aggregation (but not TxB2 formation) were impaired at low agonist concentrations. The patient's platelets did not aggregate in response to TxA2 generated from arachidonate in normal platelets, but were capable of synthesizing TxA2 from both arachidonate and PGG2. In addition, aggregation and secretion induced by low concentrations of the ionophore A23187 were impaired in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and in gel-filtered platelets in the absence of extracellular calcium; these responses became normal at higher A23187 concentrations or, in GFP, at low A23187 concentrations in the presence of exogenous calcium. These findings indicate that the TxA2 defect in this patient does not result from a thromboxane synthetase deficiency, but may be due to impaired mobilization of platelet calcium, and thus are consistent with the possibility that TxA2 may act as a calcium ionophore.
A radioreceptor assay for quantitating plasma factor VIII/von Willebrand's protein
Authors: Kao KJ , Pizzo SV , McKee PA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A sensitive and precise radioreceptor assay for determining plasma levels of human factor VIII/von Willebrand's factor (FVIII/vWF) has been developed by taking advantage of the FVIII/vWF receptor sites on human platelets. Paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets, which were processed and then stored, retained FVIII/vWF binding activity and therefore could be used as a convenient source of receptors. The human plasma samples to be tested were initially filtered on 4% agarose columns to concentrate the FVIII/vWF protein in the void volume and to remove the factor(s) that interferes with the assay. The percent recovery of FVIII/vWF in the pooled eluent was measured by the recovery of added trace 125I-FVIII/vWF. The coefficients of intra- and interassay variation were 6% and 10%, respectively. The plasma FVIII/vWF concentrations determined by the assay for pooled normal plasma, hemophilia A plasma, and plasmas from two patients with von Willebrand's disease were 16.3 +/- 0.5, 52.6 +/- 1.5, 6.8 +/- 0.8, and 3.2 +/- 0.2 microgram/ml, respectively. The range of plasma FVIII/vWF concentrations varied between 8.3 microgram/ml and 24.9 microgram/ml for 10 normal adults. The plasma FVIII/vWF concentrations determined by the radioreceptor assay correlated well with levels measured by the ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation method, thus demonstrating the functional relevancy of the radioreceptor assay for plasma FVIII/vWF.
Fetal liver cells produce both fetal and adult erythrocytes in semiallogeneic radiation chimeras: possible influence of adult environment
Authors: Mouchiroud G , Blanchet JP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Two kinds of erythrocytes are released in the blood of irradiated adult hybrid mice grafted with parental fetal liver cells: fetal antigen- bearing erythrocytes (Ft+ cells) and adult-type Ft- erythrocytes. Both are of parental origin, as determined by immune lysis using histocompatibility alloantigens. The latter cells make up all the recipient's red blood cells 2 mo after receipt of the graft, Ft+ cells then being no longer detected. The transient duality of erythropoiesis in irradiated adults grafted with fetal liver cells has been confirmed by studying the kinetics of CFU-E populations, as characterized by their ability to give rise to Ft+ or Ft- erythrocytes. The results are discussed in terms of environmental factors that influenc erythroid differentiation.
Embryonic hemoglobins in man and other mammals
Authors: Fantoni A , Farace MG , Gambari R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This report attempts to review the present state of research on embryonic hemoglobins in humans and other mammals from a cytologic, molecular, and clinical point of view. In all mammals, the yolk sac is the site responsible for the “primitive” erythropoiesis, which produces an erythroid population characterized by peculiar cytologic features and globin gene expression. Morphological and molecular events that underlie prenatal erythropoiesis are described herein giving rise to questions regarding biology at large (i.e., the differential activity of genes capable of similar functions); molecular biology of eukaryotic genes (i.e., globin gene organization and structural subtleties); and clinical hematology (i.e., syndromes associated with the appearance of embryonic hemoglobins.