bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A correlated noise calibration source for the internal calibration of a fully polarimetric radiometer
Authors: Oh Myeonggeun , Kim Yong‐Hoon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel microwave calibration source for a fully polarimetric radiometer (FPoR) is proposed for internal calibration by the electrical operation instead of a mechanical structure at S‐band. The proposed correlated noise calibration source (CNCS) using microwave components can generate vertical and horizontal polarized signals; additionally, linearly and circularly polarized signals (third and fourth Stokes parameters) are also estimated by injecting correlated noise. In contrast to existing mechanical calibration sources, this calibration source can be designed by miniaturization. Based on measured quantities under realistic conditions, the uncertainty was evaluated according to the states of the SPDT switches and phase shifters of the CNCS.
Simple auto‐calibrated gradient delay estimation from few spokes using Radial Intersections (RING)
Authors: Rosenzweig Sebastian , Holme H. Christian M. , Uecker Martin 
Published: November 2018

PurposeTo develop a simple and robust tool for the estimation of gradient delays from highly undersampled radial k‐space data.TheoryIn radial imaging gradient delays induce parallel and orthogonal trajectory shifts, which can be described using an ellipse model. The intersection points of the radial spokes, which can be estimated by spoke‐by‐spoke comparison of k‐space samples, distinctly determine the parameters of the ellipse. Using the proposed method (RING), these parameters can be obtained using a least‐squares fit and utilized for the correction of gradient delays.MethodsThe functionality and accuracy of the proposed RING method is validated and compared to correlation‐based gradient‐delay estimation from opposing spokes using numerical simulations, phantom and in vivo heart measurements.ResultsIn all experiments, RING robustly provides accurate gradient delay estimations even for as few as three radial spokes.ConclusionsThe simple and straightforward to implement RING method provides accurate gradient delay estimation for highly undersampled radial imaging.
Noninvasive quantification of fibrosis in skeletal and cardiac muscle in mdx mice using EP3533 enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Murphy Alexander Peter , Greally Elizabeth , O’Hogain Dara , Blamire Andrew , Caravan Peter , Straub Volker 
Published: November 2018

PurposeDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic condition caused by mutations in the DMD gene leading to muscle degeneration, fatty replacement of muscle cells and fibrosis. A major obstacle to advancing therapeutic research into muscular dystrophies is development of sensitive, noninvasive outcome measures. To date, no validated method to noninvasively quantify fibrosis within skeletal muscle exists. EP3533 is a gadolinium‐based MRI contrast agent with an affinity to collagen‐1. The purpose of this study was to determine whether EP3533‐enhanced MRI could quantify fibrosis in a murine model of DMD (mdx) in muscle.MethodsMdx (n = 8) and control mice (BL10; n = 5) underwent contrast‐enhanced MRI acquisitions with EP3533. T1 mapping pre‐ and postcontrast was performed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Post‐MRI the tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius (GCN) muscles and the heart were removed for fibrosis quantification by means of Masson’s trichrome staining and the hydroxyproline assay.ResultsSignificant differences in postcontrast R1 were demonstrated between mdx and BL10 mice using EP3533 (cardiac P = 0.02, GCN P = 0.04, TA P = 0.04). Change in R1 from baseline following EP3533 administration correlated strongly to hydroxyproline levels (GCN: r = 0.83, P = 0.001; TA: r = 0.73, P = 0.01).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence for the suitability of EP3533 in the quantification of muscular fibrosis in mdx mice and demonstrated that EP3533‐derived measurements correlated strongly to ex vivo fibrosis measurement.
Propagation of Eastern Hellbenders Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis in a Recirculating Aquaculture System at Shepherd of the Hills State Fish Hatchery
Authors: Civiello James A , Bruce Timothy J , Brisco Stuart J , Briggler Jeffrey T 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The hellbender Cryptobranchus alleganiensis is an endangered aquatic salamander inhabiting coldwater streams within the Ozark Highlands of Missouri. Over the past few decades, there has been a severe decline in the populations of the two subspecies of hellbender in this region—the Eastern hellbender C. a. alleganiensis and the Ozark hellbender C. a. bishopi—accompanied by little to no recruitment of young age-classes; projections now call for negative long-term population growth for both subspecies. Captive propagation is thus considered essential for the long-term recovery of this species in Missouri, along with addressing the causes for its decline in the wild. Since 2007, Shepherd of the Hills Fish Hatchery has been the primary rearing facility in Missouri for the early life stages of Eastern hellbenders. This facility has focused on hatching fertilized eggs collected from the wild and rearing animals for repatriation into their natal streams. This paper describes the recirculating aquaculture system used to rear Eastern hellbenders, the culture techniques that have been developed, and some of the results.
Oral health and obesity in the SAYCARE study: reliability and internal validity of diagnostic methods
Authors: Rando‐Meirelles M. P. M. , Sousa M. L. R. , Vale G. C. , Lages V. A. , Vásquez P. P. , Jimenez P. , Villena R. S. , Alvarez‐Paucar M. A. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe aim of this pilot study was to address the reliability, internal validity and viability of oral health methods used in the South American Youth/Child cARdiovascular and Environmental study.MethodsSouth American Youth/Child cARdiovascular and Environmental study was a multicentre feasibility observational study and conducted in seven South American cities. The training sessions were performed in two steps before data collection: the first verified the inter‐rater reproducibility between the examiners of the six centres in relation to the gold standard, and the second one verified the inter‐rater reproducibility between the examiners at each centre in relation to the main rater. The diagnostic methods used were International Caries Detection and Assessment System II and Pulpal Involvement, Ulceration, Fistula and Abscess for dental caries and Periodontal Screening and Recording and Index Plaque for periodontal disease. Anthropometric variables were measured and used to calculate the body mass index and were classified according to the cut‐off points defined by the International Obesity Task Force. Cohen's kappa coefficient and proportions of agreement were calculated to report inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability in the calibration process and pilot study.ResultsThe inter‐rater weight kappa ranged from 0.78 to 0.88 and proportion of agreement from 96.07% to 98.10% for the International Caries Detection and Assessment System II and for the Periodontal Screening and Recording, 0.68 to 0.95 and 94.40% to 98.33%, respectively, in the calibration process. At the pilot study, a total of 490 children (40.8% overweight and 12.9% obese) and 364 adolescents (23.4% overweight and 4.3% obese) were examined. The prevalence of dental caries was 66% in children and 78% in adolescents, and gingival bleeding was 49% and 58.20%, respectively.ConclusionThe results demonstrated good reliability and internal validity after the examiners were trained, as well as the feasibility of using the methods chosen for this multicentre study.
Outcome for pediatric acute promyelocytic leukemia patients at Children's Oncology Group sites on the Leukemia Intergroup Study CALGB 9710 (Alliance)
Authors: Kutny Matthew A. , Geyer Susan , Laumann Kristina M. , Gregory John , Willman Cheryl L. , Stock Wendy , Larson Richard A. , Powell Bayard L. , Feusner James H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique leukemia subtype requiring specialized treatment including all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA). A prior report demonstrated worse outcome among young children <5 years old compared with older children.MethodsWe evaluated outcomes for pediatric patients (<18 years old; N = 83) with APL treated on North American intergroup study CALGB 9710 at Children's Oncology Group sites. Induction and consolidation included ATRA, cytarabine, and anthracyclines. Patients ≥15 years old were randomized to addition of arsenic trioxide (ATO) consolidation. All patients were randomized to ATRA maintenance with versus without oral chemotherapy.ResultsThe estimated 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 82%, and the event‐free survival (EFS) rate was 54%. Seven patients (8.4%) died during induction due to coagulopathy. Maintenance randomization demonstrated that addition of oral chemotherapy to ATRA significantly reduced relapse rate, but difference in EFS did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.12; 5‐year rates [95% CI]: 41% [17%–64%] ATRA only vs 72% [56%–88%] ATRA plus chemotherapy). There was no difference (P = 0.93) in EFS for age <5 years versus 5–12.99 years versus 13–17.99 years (5‐year rates: 56%, 47%, and 45%, respectively). Among adolescents 15–17.99 years old in the ATO randomization, there was a significantly lower relapse risk at 5 years for those receiving ATO (0% ATO vs 44% no ATO; P = 0.02).ConclusionOur data demonstrate that intensified ATRA, cytarabine, and anthracycline chemotherapy is effective for pediatric APL including very young patients, but early deaths and relapses remain barriers to cure. Further improvements are likely with incorporation of ATO into pediatric APL regimens.
Generation of a pregnancy cohort for medicine utilisation and medicine safety studies in New Zealand
Authors: Donald Sarah , Barson David , Horsburgh Simon , Sharples Katrina , Parkin Lianne 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to use national health databases to assemble a pregnancy cohort for undertaking medicine utilisation and safety studies in New Zealand.MethodPregnancies conceived between January 2005 and March 2015 were identified in the National Maternity Collection, the National Minimum Dataset, the Mortality Collection, and the Laboratory Claims Collection. Pregnancy start and end dates were calculated and used in conjunction with the National Health Index number to merge the records from the four collections to create the New Zealand Pregnancy Cohort. Records of live born and stillborn infants identified in the National Maternity Collection and the Mortality Collection that were linkable with a cohort member formed the baby cohort.ResultsThe cohort consists of 941 468 pregnancies to 491 272 women. One‐third of the pregnancies, predominantly early pregnancy losses and terminations, were not found in the National Maternity Collection. Records of 632 090 live born or stillborn infants are linked with 623 099 pregnancies.ConclusionsThe New Zealand Pregnancy Cohort is a comprehensive collection of virtually all pregnancies which ended in a live or stillbirth and many, though not all, which ended as early pregnancy losses or terminations in New Zealand over the past decade, and better represents the pregnant population than a cohort generated from the National Maternity Collection alone would do. This cohort will be valuable for investigating patterns of medicine use during pregnancy in New Zealand and developing a fuller understanding of potential impacts of foetal exposure in early pregnancy.
Diagnostic accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, codes of heart failure in an administrative database
Authors: Bosco‐Lévy Pauline , Duret Stéphanie , Picard François , Dos Santos Pierre , Puymirat Etienne , Gilleron Véronique , Blin Patrick , Chatellier Gilles , Looten Vincent , Moore Nicholas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurposeHeart failure (HF) is a common, serious, and still poorly known illness, which might benefit from studies in claims databases. However, to provide reliable estimates, HF patients must be adequately identified. This validation study aimed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD‐10) codes I50.x, heart failure, in the French hospital discharge diagnoses database.MethodsThis study was performed in two university hospitals, comparing recorded discharge diagnoses and electronic health records (EHRs). Patients with discharge ICD‐10 codes 150.x were randomly selected. Their EHRs were reviewed to classify HF diagnosis as definite, potential, or miscoded based on the European Society of Cardiology diagnostic criteria, from which the codes' positive predictive value (PPV) was computed. To estimate sensitivity, patients with an EHR HF diagnosis were identified, and the presence of the I50.x codes was sought for in the hospital discharge database.ResultsTwo hundred possible cases of HF were selected from the hospital discharge database, and 229 patients with an HF diagnosis were identified from the EHR. The PPV of I50.x codes was 60.5% (95% CI, 53.7%‐67.3%) for definite HF and 88.0% (95% CI, 83.5%‐92.5%) for definite/potential HF. The sensitivity of I50.x codes was 64.2% (95% CI, 58.0%‐70.4%). PPV results were similar in both hospitals; sensitivity depended on the source of EHR: Departments of cardiology had a higher sensitivity than had nonspecialized wards.ConclusionsDiagnosis codes I50.x in discharge summary databases accurately identify patients with HF but fail to capture some of them.
Pyroresistivity in conductive polymer composites: a perspective on recent advances and new applications
Authors: Liu Yi , Zhang Han , Porwal Harshit , Busfield James JC , Peijs Ton , Bilotti Emiliano 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConductive polymer composites (CPCs) with pyroresistive behaviour are of interest for a wide variety of applications such as safe batteries, resettable fuses, temperature sensors and self‐regulating heating devices. Due to their ease of processing, low density, tunable electrical properties, good oxidation resistance, and good flexibility and toughness, CPCs have become the preferred choice of pyroresistive materials in a number of applications. The pyroresistive behaviour of CPCs can be tuned to satisfy the specific requirements of different applications. In this perspective paper, recent progress in the use of pyroresistive CPCs is reviewed. In particular, various factors influencing their performance are discussed and compared, in connection with the associated application, with a special focus on reproducibility and positive temperature coefficient intensity levels. Some of the remaining challenges are identified, together with future prospects in this evolving field. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Löcher, Ringe und Spiralen
Authors: Henning Thomas , Pohl Adriana 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungDie räumlich aufgelöste Beobachtung von Strukturen im Staub‐ und Gasmaterial der Scheiben junger Sterne stellt einen Meilenstein in der Verknüpfung von Beobachtungen und Theoriemodellen im Bereich der Planetenentstehung dar. Durch Multiwellenlängen‐Beobachtungen können vielfältige Substrukturen enthüllt werden, möglicherweise verursacht durch fortwährende Planeten‐Entstehungsprozesse in der Scheibe. Dennoch bleiben viele Fragen weiterhin ungeklärt, da auch komplexe chemische und physikalische Prozesse in der Scheibe Strukturen wie Lücken und Ringe produzieren können. Die große Anzahl an detektierten Exoplaneten weist darauf hin, dass die Entstehung von Planeten um junge Sterne ein sehr häufiger Prozess ist und die Strukturbildung eng mit den Planeten verbunden ist.
Durchblick mit Holografie
Authors: Hack Erwin , Valzania Lorenzo , Zolliker Peter 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungBildgebung mit Terahertzstrahlung basiert bislang auf Abscannen eines Objekts mit einem Detektor. Mikrobolometer‐Kameras ermöglichen nun eine Bildgebung wie bei einer normalen Kameratechnik. Das erlaubt auch den Einsatz holografischer Methoden. Bei ausreichend Platz, um einen Referenzstrahl seitlich in die Kamera einzustrahlen, ist herkömmliche digitale Holografie möglich. Ist es dafür zu eng, lässt sich über die Methode der Ptychografie holografische Information gewinnen. Trotz der großen THz‐Wellenlänge reicht die dreidimensionale Ortsauflösung für Anwendungen in der Biomechanik. So lässt sich die Kontaktfläche einer Fingerkuppe mit dem Untergrund genau untersuchen.
A buckling mechanics approach to elastic modulus determination of glassy polymer films
Authors: Rencheck Mitchell L. , Rodriguez Ricardo , Miller Nolan A. , Davis Chelsea S. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTColumn buckling mechanics were examined as a technique to determine the modulus of glassy polymer films that fail at very low strains in tension. As an alternative modulus measurement technique, free‐standing column buckling (FSCB) mechanics were investigated here. Given the film geometries and the critical buckling load, classical relationships can be used to determine the modulus. Several polymeric materials were tested and compared to uniaxial tensile values to determine the robustness and validity of the technique. Film geometries were varied from 4 to 18 mm in width and from 15 to 60 mm in length. The films were compressed in plane until buckling occurred and the critical buckling load was measured for each geometry. The critical buckling load increased as film width increased and decreased as film length increased, while the thickness was held constant for each material. For polyethylene terephthalate films, the elastic modulus was determined to be 3.06 ± 0.58 GPa. This FSCB‐determined modulus was compared to the elastic modulus obtained by tensile testing (3.54 ± 0.2 GPa). The modulus measurement technique presented here has the potential to be used experimentally to determine the elastic modulus of glassy polymer films that perform poorly in tension. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 15–20
Daily inhaled corticosteroids or montelukast for preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing: A systematic review
Authors: Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Rodriguez‐Martinez Carlos E. , Ducharme Francine M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMost international asthma guidelines recommend that children ≤5 years with asthma or recurrent wheezing be treated with daily low‐ moderate dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) as the preferred controller and leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) as alternative therapy. There is no systematic review comparing the efficacy of ICS versus LTRA monotherapy in this age group.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of daily ICS versus LTRA in preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing.MethodsRandomized, prospective, controlled trials published by December 2017, with a minimum of 3‐month therapy with daily ICS versus LTRA were identified. The co‐primary outcomes were the number of wheezing episodes and daily symptom score. Secondary outcomes included unscheduled emergency visits, need of rescue systemic corticosteroids (SC), hospitalization for exacerbations, lung function, and adverse effects.ResultsOf 29 trials identified, six studies (n = 3204 patients, 62% males, age range: 6‐54 months) met the inclusion criteria; two were at low risk of bias. Five pertained to children with asthma; one to those with recurrent wheezing. No outcomes were similarly reported in the six studies, preventing meta‐analysis. Based on trials at lowest risk of bias and the largest open‐labelled studies, ICS was associated with better control of symptoms and less exacerbations than LTRA. And also less need for rescue SC. Insufficient data of high quality prevented firm conclusions on other secondary outcomes.ConclusionsIn preschoolers with asthma or recurrent wheezing, daily ICS appears more effective than daily LTRA for improving symptom control and decreasing exacerbations, particularly those requiring rescue SC, although the magnitude of benefit remains to be quantified.
MALDI‐imaging analyses of honeybee brains exposed to a neonicotinoid insecticide
Authors: Catae Aline F , da Silva Menegasso Anally R , Pratavieira Marcel , Palma Mario S , Malaspina Osmar , Roat Thaisa C 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDToxicological studies evaluating the possible harmful effects of pesticides on bees are important and allow the emergence of protection and pollinator conservation strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid (LC50/100: 0.014651 ng imidacloprid µL−1 diet) on the distribution of certain proteins identified in the brain of Apis mellifera worker bees using a MALDI‐imaging approach. This technique enables proteomic analysis of tissues in situ by monitoring the spatiotemporal dynamics of the biochemical processes occurring at a specific time in specific brain neuropils. For this purpose, foraging bees were exposed to an 8‐day diet containing a sublethal concentration of imidacloprid corresponding to the LC50/100. Bees were collected on day 8 of exposure, and their brains analyzed using protein density maps.RESULTSThe results showed that exposure to imidacloprid led to a series of biochemical changes, including alterations in synapse regulation, apoptosis regulation and oxidative stress, which may adversely impair the physiology of these colony bees.CONCLUSIONWorker bee contact with even tiny amounts of imidacloprid had potent effects leading to the overexpression of a series of proteins related to important cellular processes that were possibly damaged by the insecticide. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Multireference perturbation theory with improved virtual orbitals for radicals: More degeneracies, more problems
Authors: Sinha Ray Suvonil , Manna Shovan , Ghosh Anirban , Chaudhuri Rajat K. , Chattopadhyay Sudip 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIVO‐SSMRPT is an affordable and accurate type of state‐specific multireference perturbation (SSMRPT) theory that adds dynamic correlation energy to improved virtual orbital (IVO) complete active space configuration interaction (CASCI) wave functions using a single‐root parametrization of multi‐root Hilbert‐space ansatz. We applied it to many chemically important di‐ and tri‐radicals to analyze the geometries and electronic properties of spectroscopic interest for both closed‐ and open‐shell singlet‐ and nonsinglet ground as well as excited states. We observed that IVO‐SSMRPT identifies optimized geometries, splitting between multiplets and frequencies for several radicals that are similar to those displayed by current generation state‐of‐the‐art methods but with admiringly decreased computational effort. This study illustrates the importance of having an accurate treatment of both nondynamical and dynamical correlation effects when examining multiradical species. Chemically and spectroscopically relevant answers can be obtained using our computationally tractable method. Our method will be a serviceable avenue for portraying open‐shell interactions in other radicals.