bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional composition of stingless bee honey from different botanical origins
Authors: Lim D C C , Abu Bakar M F , Majid M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The nutritional content of honey varies with its botanical and geographical origins; also, it is influence by environmental, storage and processing factors. The current study aimed at evaluating the nutritional composition of raw unprocessed Malaysian Stingless bee’s honey (Heterotrigona itama) from different botanical origins. Six honey samples were collected from different botanical origins located in the Southern part of Peninsular Malaysia. It was then analysed for ash, moisture, protein (Kjeldahl method), fat (Soxhlet extraction) and carbohydrates content according to AOAC official method. The ash, moisture, protein and carbohydrate contents of honey samples ranged from 0.15 to 0.90 g/100 g, 27.00 to 31.00 g/100 g, 0.20 to 0.80 g/100 g, and 67.58 to 72.25 g/100 g, respectively. No significant value obtained for the fat analysis of honey samples. Sample with higher moisture content recorded lower carbohydrates content. The health benefits of honey are generally known, however the knowledge of Malaysian Stingless bee honey especially from different botanical origins is still limited. Due to its prospect as functional foods, information on its composition is crucial as preliminary data for further study.
Assessment of Zingiberaceae (Tribe Alpinieae) from North East Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad S , Kalu M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Zingiberaceae is a pantropical herbaceous family from order Zingiberales. It consists of 60 genera and at least 1,500 species that are widely distributed in the tropics. Malesian region is known as the richest zone and Borneo covers 21 genera with more than 250 known taxa so far. This paper provides a preliminary assessment of Zingiberaceae particularly tribe Alpinieae from the north east of Sarawak. Taxon sampling were carried out at different localities from Bintulu to Miri divisions involving three national parks particularly Similajau, Niah and Lambir Hills National Parks. Thirty (30) species from eight (8) genera of tribe Alpinieae have been documented i.e. seven (7) species of Amomum Roxb., six (6) species each for Alpinia Roxb. and Plagiostachys Ridl., three (3) species each for Elettaria Maton and Etlingera Giseke, and two (2), two (2) and one (1) species each for Elettariopsis Baker, Hornstedtia Retz and Geocharis (K.Schum.) Ridl. Majority of the collected species are regarded as endemic to Borneo island while eight (8) species are distributed to other areas in the Malesian region. One species each of Amomum and Elettariopsis from Similajau National Park and Niah National Park, were described as possibly new to science. Findings on the new species and taxonomically uncertain species of Plagiostachys and Geocharis would probably increase the number of Alpinieae species from Sarawak. In addition, it is necessary for further field works in many more parts of Sarawak due to the large forests area and localised distribution of the ginger flora.
Habitat preferences of leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) based on abiotic factors: A study from Fraser’s Hill, Pahang, Malaysia
Authors: Muhaimin A M D , Halim M , Syarifah Zulaikha S A , Yaakop S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is one of the largest groups in Coleoptera. However, studies focusing on this group are considered low, especially in Malaysia. Apart of being pest for several crops and stored products, their ecological preferences are unknown. This study was conducted to observe the abiotic factors that may influence the distribution of the species. Sampling was done from December 2016 to May 2017 at Fraser’s Hill, and divided into three altitudes; higher (>900m a.s.l), middle (500-900m a.s.l) and lower (<500m a.s.l). Samples were collected by active sampling (sweeping nets) from 9.00 a.m. to 2.00 p.m. for each altitude. A total of 540 individuals of 46 species from four subfamilies was successfully collected throughout the sampling period. Galerucinae contributed the most individuals comprising 65.93% from the total collection, while Criocerianae had the least – 2.04%. PCA graph showed that higher altitude species separated from both middle and lower altitudes. This proved that abiotic factor influenced towards the distribution of species. This study gave an overview of factors that may affect the distribution of the leaf beetles. However, more detailed study must be done to give a more solid aspect. It is recommended that more studies be carried out to provide for better and stronger evidence.
PrimaTourism: Plant selection by Schlegel’s Banded Langur Presbytis neglectus in Johor
Authors: Najmuddin M F , Haris H , Shahrool-Anuar R , Norazlimi N , Md-Zain B M , Abdul-Latiff M A B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Schlegel’s Banded Langur, P. neglectus is an understudied primate species in Johor. However, no data were recorded on the species feeding ecology from previous study. This study aims to assess the food selection of P. neglectus in Kampung Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi, Johor. Observations were made using scan sampling techniques and identification of plants was made using dichotomous key to record and identify the plants eaten by P. neglectus in Kampung Johor Lama, Kota Tinggi, Johor. 27 species of plants were recorded from 17 families during 2 months of observation starting from July 2018 to August 2018. Plant species found in the area comprises of a mixture of mangroves plants, orchard plants, pioneer forest plants and others. A notable plants species selected by P. neglectus includes pome trees, Nephelium lappaceum, commodity plants, Elaeis guineensis and Hevea brasiliensis, mangrove plants, Rhizophora mucronate, pioneer tree species, Macaranga gigantea and others. Plants selected by P. neglectus in this study suggested a viable adaptation to human settlement in Kampung Johor Lama.
Species Distribution Modelling to Assist Biodiversity and Conservation Management in Malaysia
Authors: Rahman Aqilah AA , Mohamed Maryati , Tokiman Lili , Mohd Sanget Mohd-Saman 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Limited resources, including financial, expertise and time have made a case for prioritizing conservation exercises especially in a biodiversity hotspot country such as Malaysia. One method to determine conservation priorities is through Species Distribution Modelling (SDM). Globally, SDM has long been used to assist conservation management by estimating the range area of a species and determining its potential location in different geographical settings. This information will allow governing agencies to pinpoint important areas for conservation. Since management of protected areas in Malaysia is governed by federal or state, several legislation issues have arisen due to conflict of interest between the two authority bodies. This paper aims to review the current usage of SDM in Malaysia and suggest SDM as one of the tools that can be systematically used by both state and federal government in protected area management.
Checklist of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Sg. Bantang, Labis Forest Reserve, Johor
Authors: Awg Abdul Rahman Aqilah , Mohamed Maryati 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the butterfly species composition at Hutan Lipur Sg. Bantang, Labis Forest Reserve. Sampling was conducted in January, July and October 2017 through manual collection using aerial net and baited traps. A total of 149 individuals and 68 species belonging to five families (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae) were recorded during this study. The most well represented family was Nymphalidae with 37 species recorded. Butterflies from the family Hesperiidae were not represented in this study. A higher species diversity was expected in this area since it is in close proximity with Taman Negara Johor Endau Rompin (Selai). More species is expected to be recorded if sampling effort is continued.
Economic valuation of Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis, ouwens 1912) and its contribution to locally-generated revenue of West Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province
Authors: Nurilma A D , Sjarmidi A , Yustiana Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis) is one of the largest reptiles in the world. Komodo dragons are listed in the Appendix I Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and categorized as vulnerable by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) due to the limited demographic demarcation and distribution. In achieving sustainable resource utilization, knowledge of the value of natural resources as a whole is required, both tangible and intangible values. Komodo dragon has intangible value in the form of existence value. Therefore, the value of komodo dragon is necessary to know, because it shows the potential of these resources and to be considered in making appropriate management/policy planning for the sustainability of Komodo National Park tourism, as well as the instruments to preserve the species of Varanus komodoensis in their natural habitat. The purposes of this study are to estimate the economic value of Varanus komodoensis, which is the main attraction of Komodo National Park ecotourism, as an instrument of conservation, and to calculate the contribution of Komodo National Park tourism to Locally-Generated Revenue of West Manggarai Regency. Estimation of Varanus komodoensis value was obtained by using Individual Travel Cost Method (TCM). The results of this research is the value of Komodo National Park is Rp 5,995,232,147,515.00. If that value is divided by the average of komodo dragon population from 2012 to 2016 that is 2,841 individuals, then the value of each individual komodo dragon per year is Rp 2,110,254,188.00. Komodo National Park tourism contributed 44% in the retribution of Locally-Generated Revenue and 5% in the Locally-Generated Revenue of West Manggarai Regency.
Unravelling Stakeholders’ Perceptions for Sustainable Tourism: The Case of Water Scarcity in Bali
Authors: Adhariani D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The impact of tourism on environment has been warned by environmentalists and has become subject of academic studies. This research analyses stakeholder perceptions on water scarcity in Bali amid the glitter of Bali tourism. Survey and interviews have been conducted to several stakeholder groups, including government, local residents, tourists (foreign and domestic), hotel industry and non-government organizations. 400 respondents participate in the survey, followed by a series of interviews with several key people representing various stakeholder groups. The results show that majority of respondents are not aware of the water scarcity problem but support the notion of sustainable tourism. Respondents also have one voice regarding the importance of water savings and water conservation activities in Bali. This research has implications on the importance of water scarcity awareness, water conservation campaign, as well as sustainable tourism.
Phytochemical Test, Vitamin C Content and Antioxidant Activities Beet Root (Beta vulgaris Linn.) Extracts as Food Coloring Agent from Some Areas in Java Island
Authors: Lembong E , Utama G L , Saputra R A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The use of coloring agent as food additives has received attention. This is due to the frequent abuse of synthetic dyes that are not for food. Beet root are usually used as natural dyes. This is because beet roots, especially the tubers, are rich in betalain pigments. The purpose of this study was to determine secondary metabolites, vitamin C content and antioxidant activity beet root extracts in several regions of Java. Phytochemical test results show that all of beet root extracts positive contain phenolic, tannin, flavonoids and saponins. The content of vitamin C extract of beet roots originating from the regions of Bogor, West Java, Central Java and East Java respectively is 57,1714; 63,6470; 54.9943; and 65.9868 mg/100 g of ingredients. The antioxidant activities all of samples included very weak categories, namely for extracting red beet roots from Bogor 1,276.28 ppm; West Java 1,497.18 ppm; Central Java 1,316.21 ppm; and East Java 1,759.08 ppm.
Environmental & Economic Valuation of Raw Water Resource of East Flood Canal DKI Jakarta
Authors: Suwarti R , Moersidik S S , Soesilo T E B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The increasing of raw water requirement for people in DKI Jakarta is caused by population growth, so there is a need to improve water source to fulfill daily need of raw water. One of the sources of raw water in DKI Jakarta PDAM comes from Jatiluhur/STB (Kalimalang) reservoir, 81% of raw water in DKI Jakarta PDAM uses raw water in the Jatiluhur Reservoir (PDAM DKI Jakarta, 2014 Efforts to improve raw water sources one of them by utilizing the east flood canal river (BKT), then a proper calculation of economic and environmental analyzes is required. This study aims to analyze the economic and environmental feasibility of STB (Kalimalang) and BKT River as raw water utilization. Pollutant source factor analysis using the water quality test method on the source and economic feasibility was carried out using Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). The results of the economic feasibility value of the indicator used with the BCR, NPV method, IRR shows that it is feasible to be used as raw water utilization on the BKT River, because it shows the feasibility indicator is positive NPV, IRR value is 20.3% and BEP is 13.5. The BKT river planned to add raw water supply to 1,000 L/second can serve 347,267 people. The conclusion of economic analysis and environmental feasibility is that the BKT river is feasible to be used as a sustainable source of raw water and can be used as additional raw water for people in DKI Jakarta.
Analysis Of Changes In Water Quality Used For Supporting Fish Productivity Of Floating Cage/KJA (Keramba Jaring Apung) In Cirata Reservoir
Authors: Awaliyah F , Gunawan W , Tasrif M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The existence of floating net cages/KJA (Keramba Jaring Apung) in the Cirata reservoir is one of the suppliers that stock fisheries needs in West Java by 40%. But along with this, the number of KJA is increasing and its existence has exceeded the legimate amount determined by the Decree of the Governor of West Java No. 41 of 2002 as many as 85,393 plots. The increase in the number of KJA in the Cirata reservoir has an impact on the decline in water quality and fish productivity. This study aims to determine the processes that cause the dynamics of fish productivity and changes in water quality for KJA aquaculture, building models that can be used as a means of analysis to explain the dynamics that occur, designing a sustainable KJA policy. The depiction of the situation is carried out using the system dynamics approach. System dynamics methodology is one of the policy modeling approaches, especially in terms of increasing understanding of how and why dynamic symptoms of a system occurs This model shows actual behaviour and simulation behaviour, based on historical data 2007-2017. The actual model and simulation show that the model and structure of the model are valid according to The Theil Statistical Test, while the model reference has also reflected its historical behaviour. Thus the model can be used for policy analysis. To formulate a sustainable KJA (floating net cage farming) policy, the policy analysis used is in the period of 2007-2040. The model structure in this research is made based on the relationship between KJA farming dynamics, productivity, policy, KJA waste, eutrophication cycle, O2 availability and technology. These variables cause eutrophication in the Cirata Reservoir and affect the production and productivity of fish for the long term. Based on these differences, the hypotheses have been proposed which cover farming of KJA productivity and eutrophication of reservoir waters. First, the model is used to simulate the likelihood of the increasing presence of KJA and the deteriorating water productivity and quality in the next 20 years. Then, by analyzing the possible scenario, the policy scenario is designed to overcome the problems that occur.
Species Identification of Stress Resistance Yeasts Isolated from Banana Waste for Ethanol Production
Authors: Utama G L , Kurniawan M O , Natiqoh N , Balia R L 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBanana waste putrefaction was naturally shown the potential activities of microorganisms in fermenting ethanol. Yeasts have been known as one of the potential microorganisms that wildly grown in banana waste that has the ability in producing ethanol. The objectives of the research were to isolate and identify yeasts with stress resistance ability towards high ethanol and glucose in the production of ethanol. Yeasts isolation has been done by using Potato Dextrose Agar/PDA (Oxoid Ltd.) that was modified with 3% yeast extract/YE (Kraft Inc.) and 10 ppm Amoxicillin, then incubated for 48h at room temperature. The yeast-like isolates were identified microscopic and macroscopically then cultured on Nutrient Broth/NB (Oxoid Ltd.) with the addition of 3% yeast extract/YE (Kraft Inc.), 10 ppm Amoxicillin and 30% glucose or ethanol for stress resistance ability test. The resistance ability of yeasts toward high glucose and ethanol media was determined by measuring optical density (OD) on UV-Vis spectrophotometerλ=600nm. The isolates species identified using sequence analysis of the rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with the primers of ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′), the sequences compared with the GenBank database using the BLAST algorithm. The isolates were mixed and inoculated into banana wastes for 72h then the ethanol contents measured by chromium dichromate oxidation methods every 24h. The results showed that three wild yeasts (B1, B2, B3) were isolated from banana wastes, with the ability to produce ethanol with a concentration of 10.72±2.53% at 48h. Species identification showed that isolate B1, B2, and B3 were 98.99% (295/298), 100% (330/330), 99.71% (695/597) identical with Pichia bruneiensis strain CLIB 1453,Kodamaea ohmeriF3 andHanseniaspora sp.R2 respectively.
Analysis of lead contamination in soil (case: Pesarean village, Tegal district area)
Authors: Lestari I , Agustina H , Soesilo T E B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The smelting of metal and used battery which was carried out in Pesarean Village, Tegal District has resulted a huge amount of openly waste that has not been processed properly. This waste contains heavy metal such as lead that counted as hazardous and toxic waste materials. It can affect the quality of environment not only polluting the air but also the soil and groundwater. The aims of this study were to analyze the effect of lead concentration on the environment, especially soil and groundwater. The method that used in this study was quantitative methods with analyzing secondary data, literature and previous research review. The results showed that in 2012 concentration of lead in soil of waste disposal area reached 14,343 ppm, and in 2015, the highest concentration was in residential and dumpsite area with concentration 398,489 ppm. In groundwater, lead concentration was still below the water quality standard.
Jakarta Bay Reclamation: The Challenge Between Policy, Environmental and Social Impacts
Authors: Adharani Y , Nurlinda I , Nadia A , Yusuf S Z , Sarah A S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Coastal areas have strategic value for the development of national economy and the improvement of people’s welfare and are at the same time very vulnerable to damage and destruction. Therefore, it is necessary to manage them wisely by placing economic interests in proportion with the environmental and social interests, both in the short and long term. A good policy should be in accordance with the needs of the community and its benefits to the community. Such as the policy regarding the Jakarta Bay reclamation, whether it benefits the interests of the public or those of the owners of capital. The Environmental Review of the Jakarta reclamation is considered unclear and transparent, including the Permits issued without regard to the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Since 1995, the Jakarta Bay Reclamation, as part of coastal area management, has had advantage and disadvantages at the same time. The advantage is in order to create a new center of economic growth based on services and creative economy and suppress housing development in South Jakarta which should be used as a water catchment area. The disadvantages are that it causes environmental and ecosystem damage and damages the livelihoods of fishermen and communities on the North Coast of Jakarta. This paper describes the lack of conformity among environmental, social, and policy aspects in coastal area management to the Jakarta Bay reclamation. This research will present theories on environmental law compliance especially regarding licensing and spatial planning and discover the ideal rule of law model so that sustainable development can be achieved.
The dynamics of mangrove forest: the relationship between mangrove community structures and carbon stock–study cased in the Jakarta Bay
Authors: Sari N , Patria M P , Soesilo T E B , Tejakusuma I G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Pollution has resulted degradation that affects carbon stocks and mangrove composition and structure. Ecologically this relationship creates conditions that are interrelated with each other. This research has been conducted along in the shores of Jakarta Bay, from Tangerang (Banten Province)-North Jakarta (DKI Jakarta)- Muara Bendera (Bekasi-West Java province). The purpose of this research is to design the relationship between mangrove community structure and carbon stock. The method used vegetation analysis, allometric, Pearson correlation, and system dynamic. The result is the average of import value index at tree level is 113.57%, at tillers level is 92.03%, and the seedling levels is 80.6%. The average coverage for all levels was 38.62%, and according to regulation ministry of environment and forestry (MoEF) number 201 in years 2004, it was put into damaged criteria. Dominant species are performed by Avicennia marina, Avicennia lanata, Rhizophora aviculata, Soneratia caseolaris, and Soneratia alba. The average of carbon stock was 204.25 grC.m-2 with an average of 454.04 grC.m-2 biomass, an average litter of 271.59 grC.m-2, an average sediment of 206.31 grC.m-2, an average of roots of 45.4 grC.m-2, and average of nekromassa of 43.88 grC.m-2. Carbon stocks in above of soil surface was 67% of the total, and in below ground level was 33% of the total. The result of Pearson correlation showed a negative relationship between mangrove community structure and carbon stocks. This linear relationship shows the interplay between them. The low value of the mangrove community structure causes a low value in carbon stocks, and they were trying to balance in ecosystem. This is strengthening the hypothetic that the degradation occupied the mangrove forest and occurred for a long time. By looking at the ecological design which is explains their relationship, it is predicted that the Jakarta Bay will lose mangrove forest in the next around 40’s years, if the habitat condition remains the same as it is today.