bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical Properties of Human Cornea Tested by Two-Dimensional Extensiometry Ex Vivo in Fellow Eyes: Femtosecond Laser–Assisted LASIK Versus SMILE
Authors: Spiru Bogdan , Kling Sabine , Hafezi Farhad , Sekundo Walter 
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE:
To investigate the biomechanical properties of the ex vivo human cornea after flap-based versus cap-based laser refractive surgery in the same donor.

METHODS:

In this experimental study, 11 pairs of human corneas unsuitable for transplantation were equally divided into two groups. Corneas from the right eye were treated with femtosecond laser–assisted LASIK (FSLASIK) and corneas from the left eye with small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Pachymetry was measured in each eye directly before laser refractive surgery. All corneas were subjected to a refractive correction of −10.00 diopters (D) sphere and −0.75 D cylinder at 0° with a 7-mm zone, using either a 110-
μ
m flap (FS-LASIK) or 130-
μ
m cap (SMILE). For two-dimensional biomechanical measurements, corneoscleral buttons underwent two testing cycles (preconditioning stress-strain curve from 0.03 to 9.0 N and stress-relaxation at 9.0 N during 120 sec) to analyze the elastic and viscoelastic material properties. The effective elastic modulus was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed with a confidence interval of 95%.

RESULTS:

In stress-strain measurements, the effective elastic modulus was 1.47 times higher (
P
= .003) after SMILE (median = 8.22 [interquartile range = 4.76] MPa) compared to FS-LASIK (median = 5.59 [inter-quartile range = 2.77] MPa). The effect size was large (
r
= 0.83). No significant differences (
P
= .658) were observed among stress-relaxation measurements, with a mean remaining stress of 181 ± 31 kPa after SMILE and 177 ± 26 kPa after FS-LASIK after relaxation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Compared to a flap-based procedure such as FS-LASIK, the SMILE technique can be considered superior in terms of biomechanical stability, when measured experimentally in ex vivo human fellow eye corneas.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(6):419–423.]
Subjective Visual Performance and Objective Optical Quality With Intraocular Lens Glistening and Surface Light Scattering
Authors: Luo Furong , Bao Xuan , Qin Yingyan , Hou Min , Wu Mingxing 
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the long-term effect of glistenings and surface light scattering of intraocular lenses (IOLs) on visual and optical performance after cataract surgery.

METHODS:
Pseudophakic eyes that underwent standard phacoemulsification and two types of hydrophobic acrylic spherical IOL implantation without complications for at least 5 years were included in this retrospective study. Participants were divided into the glistenings, surface light scattering, and control groups according to the current condition of the IOLs. Then participants received a follow-up examination including uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA), contrast sensitivity, straylight, and intraocular higher order aberrations, as well as point spread function (PSF) and modulation transfer function (MTF).

RESULTS:

A total of 140 eyes were included in the study. UDVA, CDVA, and glare sensitivity were not significantly different among the three groups (
P
> .05). However, compared with the control group, the IOLs of the glistenings and surface light scattering groups were associated with significantly lower contrast sensitivity under no glare conditions. Furthermore, eye with glistenings exhibited the highest straylight value (
P
< .05), whereas no difference was found between the surface light scattering and control groups. In contrast to the control group, the spherical aberration increased and the mean values of PSF and MTF decreased in the glistenings and surface light scattering groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both glistenings and surface light scattering tend to impair subjective visual performance, such as contrast sensitivity, and potentially affect objective optical quality, including straylight, spherical aberration, PSF, and MTF.

[
J Refract Surg.
2018;34(6):372–378.]
The Influence of Personal Religiosity Level against Corruption Behaviour in the Province of Bangka Belitung Islands
Authors: Labolo Muhadam , - Alma'arif , Khadafi Muhammad Riqqo 
Published: June 2018

The purpose of current study was to analyze the relationship between religion and ccorruption behavior. Corruption was a major problem that constantly being a disease to the third world country, included Indonesia. The magnitude of problems made the Government of Indonesia kept pressing the of corruption case consciously that already existed. Indonesia's corruption index in last few years continued to undergo the improvements though there have no significant changes. Through a theory stated religion could bring a positive implication for corruption behavior and also brought a negative impact on the corruption behavior of a person. The influence of personal religiosity level in the subsequent discussion was used a quantitative-explorative approach integrated with the qualitative-descriptive approach (mixed approach). The study was conducted in Bangka Belitung Islands Province aimed to find out and analyzed the issues. The results of processed data showed that people in Province of Bangka Belitung Islands have a high level of personal religiosity. Other findings showed that the influence of religion is important in reducing the level of corruption in the middle of the community. In the other hand, the society noted a giving of gifts to apparatus of government was a reasonable thing with a couple of notes. The result of the analysis showed the personal religiosity level in religion was still formed as ritualistic. Values and norms existed in society are generally influenced by the ethics and culture in an area, religious piety still not in touch with the daily attitude and behavior of a person. Furthermore, it was also making some of society became tolerant of the law or rules.
Academic Drift in China’s Universities of Applied Technology
Authors: Jing Wei , Welch Anthony 
Published: June 2018

The priority attached to innovation in China means that its universities are seen as a major pillar of innovation. But with respect to the new Universities of Applied Technology (UATs), their original mission of strengthening industry collaboration is subverted by the persistence of perverse incentives, whichmake them emulate research universities rather than fulfil their original purpose.
Competitive Strategies of Vietnamese Higher Educational Institutions
Authors: Ngoc Do Minh 
Published: June 2018

The Higher Educational Reform Agenda (HERA) for the period 2006–2020 is an arduous effort of the Vietnamese government to overhaul the country’s centralized higher educational system, which fails to meet the needs of the country’s market economy and lags far behind international standards. For now, the strategies of Vietnamese universities and colleges are mainly driven by government planning. As theAgenda is nearing its end and tertiary institutions have completed a pilot project from 2014 to 2017 as part of HERA, it is time for Vietnamese higher education institutions to start reflecting on competitive strategies to prepare for necessary changes moving forward, ensuring their sustainable development and existence.
Pretreating mesenchymal stem cells with electrical stimulation causes sustained long-lasting pro-osteogenic effects
Authors: Eischen-Loges Maria , Oliveira Karla M.C. , Bhavsar Mit B. , Barker John H. , Leppik Liudmila 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundElectrical stimulation (ES) has a long history of successful use in the clinical treatment of refractory, non-healing bone fractures and has recently been proposed as an adjunct to bone tissue-engineering treatments to optimize their therapeutic potential. This idea emerged from ES’s demonstrated positive effects on stem cell migration, proliferation, differentiation and adherence to scaffolds, all cell behaviors recognized to be advantageous in Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE). In previousin vitroexperiments we demonstrated that direct current ES, administered daily, accelerates Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, we sought to define the optimal ES regimen for maximizing this pro-osteogenic effect.MethodsRat bone marrow-derived MSC were exposed to 100 mV/mm, 1 hr/day for three, seven, and 14 days, then osteogenic differentiation was assessed at Day 14 of culture by measuring collagen production, calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic marker gene expression.ResultsWe found that exposing MSC to ES for three days had minimal effect, while seven and 14 days resulted in increased osteogenic differentiation, as indicated by significant increases in collagen and calcium deposits, and expression of osteogenic marker genesCol1a1,Osteopontin,OsterixandCalmodulin. We also found that cells treated with ES for seven days, maintained this pro-osteogenic activity long (for at least seven days) after discontinuing ES exposure.DiscussionThis study showed that while three days of ES is insufficient to solicit pro-osteogenic effects, seven and 14 days significantly increases osteogenic differentiation. Importantly, we found that cells treated with ES for only seven days, maintained this pro-osteogenic activity long after discontinuing ES exposure. This sustained positive osteogenic effect is likely due to the enhanced expression ofRunX2andCalmodulinwe observed. This prolonged positive osteogenic effect, long after discontinuing ES treatment, if incorporated into BTE treatment protocols, could potentially improve outcomes and in doing so help BTE achieve its full therapeutic potential.
Unfamiliar face matching with photographs of infants and children
Authors: Kramer Robin S.S. , Mulgrew Jerrica , Reynolds Michael G. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundInfants and children travel using passports that are typically valid for five years (e.g. Canada, United Kingdom, United States and Australia). These individuals may also need to be identified using images taken from videos and other sources in forensic situations including child exploitation cases. However, few researchers have examined how useful these images are as a means of identification.MethodsWe investigated the effectiveness of photo identification for infants and children using a face matching task, where participants were presented with two images simultaneously and asked whether the images depicted the same child or two different children. In Experiment 1, both images showed an infant (<1 year old), whereas in Experiment 2, one image again showed an infant but the second image of the child was taken at 4–5 years of age. In Experiments 3a and 3b, we asked participants to complete shortened versions of both these tasks (selecting the most difficult trials) as well as the short version Glasgow face matching test. Finally, in Experiment 4, we investigated whether information regarding the sex of the infants and children could be accurately perceived from the images.ResultsIn Experiment 1, we found low levels of performance (72% accuracy) for matching two infant photos. For Experiment 2, performance was lower still (64% accuracy) when infant and child images were presented, given the significant changes in appearance that occur over the first five years of life. In Experiments 3a and 3b, when participants completed both these tasks, as well as a measure of adult face matching ability, we found lowest performance for the two infant tasks, along with mixed evidence of within-person correlations in sensitivities across all three tasks. The use of only same-sex pairings on mismatch trials, in comparison with random pairings, had little effect on performance measures. In Experiment 4, accuracy when judging the sex of infants was at chance levels for one image set and above chance (although still low) for the other set. As expected, participants were able to judge the sex of children (aged 4–5) from their faces.DiscussionIdentity matching with infant and child images resulted in low levels of performance, which were significantly worse than for an adult face matching task. Taken together, the results of the experiments presented here provide evidence that child facial photographs are ineffective for use in real-world identification.
The Organic Crystalline Materials of Vision: Structure–Function Considerations from the Nanometer to the Millimeter Scale
Authors: Palmer Benjamin A. , Gur Dvir , Weiner Steve , Addadi Lia , Oron Dan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractVision mechanisms in animals, especially those living in water, are diverse. Many eyes have reflective elements that consist of multilayers of nanometer‐sized crystalline plates, composed of organic molecules. The crystal multilayer assemblies owe their enhanced reflectivity to the high refractive indices of the crystals in preferred crystallographic directions. The high refractive indices are due to the molecular arrangements in their crystal structures. Herein, data regarding these difficult‐to‐characterize crystals are reviewed. This is followed by a discussion on the function of these crystalline assemblies, especially in visual systems whose anatomy has been well characterized under close to in vivo conditions. Three test cases are presented, and then the relations between the reflecting crystalline components and their functions, including the relations between molecular structure, crystal structure, and reflecting properties are discussed. Some of the underlying mechanisms are also discussed, and finally open questions in the field are identified.
A 3D Magnetic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Magnetomechanical Neuromodulation of Primary Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons
Authors: Tay Andy , Sohrabi Alireza , Poole Kate , Seidlits Stephanie , Di Carlo Dino 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNeuromodulation tools are useful to decipher and modulate neural circuitries implicated in functions and diseases. Existing electrical and chemical tools cannot offer specific neural modulation while optogenetics has limitations for deep tissue interfaces, which might be overcome by miniaturized optoelectronic devices in the future. Here, a 3D magnetic hyaluronic hydrogel is described that offers noninvasive neuromodulation via magnetomechanical stimulation of primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The hydrogel shares similar biochemical and biophysical properties as the extracellular matrix of spinal cord, facilitating healthy growth of functional neurites and expression of excitatory and inhibitory ion channels. By testing with different neurotoxins, and micropillar substrate deflections with electrophysical recordings, it is found that acute magnetomechanical stimulation induces calcium influx in DRG neurons primarily via endogenous, mechanosensitive TRPV4 and PIEZO2 channels. Next, capitalizing on the receptor adaptation characteristic of DRG neurons, chronic magnetomechanical stimulation is performed and found that it reduces the expression of PIEZO2 channels, which can be useful for modulating pain where mechanosensitive channels are typically overexpressed. A general strategy is thus offered for neuroscientists and material scientists to fabricate 3D magnetic biomaterials tailored to different types of excitable cells for remote magnetomechanical modulation.
Rewritable Optical Memory Through High‐Registry Orthogonal Upconversion
Authors: Zheng Kezhi , Han Sanyang , Zeng Xiao , Wu Yiming , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie , Liu Xiaogang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn experimental design, based on a combination of core–shell‐structured upconversion nanoparticles and diarylethene photochromic molecules, for achieving rewritable optical memory is reported. This core–shell design enables the nanoparticles to emit two sets of distinct emission bands with ultrahigh spectral purity through laser excitation at 980 and 1532 nm. Importantly, the ultraviolet emission of the nanoparticles under 980 nm irradiation is used to activate the cyclization reaction of diarylethene through CC bond formation, while the green emission from the nanoparticles upon 1532 nm excitation leads to the cleavage of the newly formed CC bond. This pathway offers a convenient and versatile optical method for controlling the process of data writing and erasing with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Ultrafine Co Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Carbon‐Nanotubes‐Grafted Graphene Sheets as Advanced Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chen Ziliang , Wu Renbing , Liu Yang , Ha Yuan , Guo Yanhui , Sun Dalin , Liu Miao , Fang Fang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe rational design of an efficient and inexpensive electrocatalyst based on earth‐abundant 3d transition metals (TMs) for the hydrogen evolution reaction still remains a significant challenge in the renewable energy area. Herein, a novel and effective approach is developed for synthesizing ultrafine Co nanoparticles encapsulated in nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotubes (N‐CNTs) grafted onto both sides of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) (Co@N‐CNTs@rGO) by direct annealing of GO‐wrapped core–shell bimetallic zeolite imidazolate frameworks. Benefiting from the uniform distribution of Co nanoparticles, the in‐situ‐formed highly graphitic N‐CNTs@rGO, the large surface area, and the abundant porosity, the as‐fabricated Co@N‐CNTs@rGO composites exhibit excellent electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity. As demonstrated in electrochemical measurements, the composites can achieve 10 mA cm−2 at low overpotential with only 108 and 87 mV in 1 m KOH and 0.5 m H2SO4, respectively, much better than most of the reported Co‐based electrocatalysts over a wide pH range. More importantly, the synthetic strategy is versatile and can be extended to prepare other binary or even ternary TMs@N‐CNTs@rGO (e.g., Co–Fe@N‐CNTs@rGO and Co–Ni–Cu@N‐CNTs@rGO). The strategy developed here may open a new avenue toward the development of nonprecious high‐performance HER catalysts.
Improving Thermal Transport at Carbon Hybrid Interfaces by Covalent Bonds
Authors: Sun Shuangxi , Samani Majid Kabiri , Fu Yifeng , Xu Tao , Ye Lilei , Satwara Maulik , Jeppson Kjell , Nilsson Torbjörn , Sun Litao , Liu Johan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGraphene and carbon nanotubes have received much attention for thermal management application due to their unique thermal performance. Theoretical work suggests that a covalent bond can combine 1D carbon nanotubes with 2D graphene together to extend the excellent thermal property to three dimensions for heat dissipation. This paper experimentally demonstrates the high heat dissipation capability of a freestanding 3D multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene hybrid material. Using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and pulsed photothermal reflection measurement method, the covalent bonds between MWCNT and planar graphene are microscopically and numerically demonstrated. Thermal resistance at the junction with covalent bonds is 9 × 10−10 m2 KW−1, which is three orders of magnitude lower than van der Waals contact. Joule heating method is used to verify the extra cooling effect of this 3D hybrid material compared to graphite film. A demonstrator using high power chip is developed to demonstrate the applicability of this hybrid material in thermal application. Temperature at hot spots can be decreased by around 10 °C with the assistance of this hybrid material. These findings are very significant for understanding the thermal conduction during combining 1D and 2D carbon material together for future thermal management application.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Hydroxycarbonylation of Diazonium Salts
Authors: Gosset Cyrille , Pellegrini Sylvain , Jooris Romain , Bousquet Till , Pelinski Lydie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA visible light‐promoted catalytic photoredox hydroxycarbonylation was achieved on aryl diazonium salts whether preformed or generated in situ from the corresponding anilines. This strategy allows a straightforward access to a variety of carboxylic acids under mild conditions.magnified image
Metal‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Indoles
Authors: Youn So Won , Ko Tae Yun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIndoles are important structural motifs that are commonly found in a diverse array of natural products, pharmaceuticals, and other functional molecules. Consequently, the development of new, more efficient synthetic methods for the construction of substituted indoles continues to be of great importance and considerable interest. Over the past few decades, metal‐catalyzed C−C/C−N bond‐forming reactions have emerged as a powerful synthetic strategy for heterocyclic synthesis. In this review, we have provided a brief overview of recent advances in the metal‐catalyzed synthesis of substituted indoles through the construction of the pyrrole nucleus of indoles, involving the formation of multiple C−C/C−N bonds.
Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Alkyl Boronic Esters by gem‐Carboborylation: Carbonyl Compounds as Bis(electrophile) Equivalents
Authors: Shi Dunfa , Wang Lu , Xia Chungu , Liu Chao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAn unprecedent gem‐carboborylation of aldehydes and ketones provides access to various secondary and tertiary alkyl boronic esters. The addition of B2pin2 to a carbonyl compound generates α‐oxyl‐substituted alkyl boron species. Organolithium and Grignard reagents are then applied as C nucleophiles for the 1,2‐metalate rearrangement process. The organolithium reagents can also be generated by C−H lithiation or halogen/lithium exchange. The use of chiral ligands led to the generation of chiral alkyl boronic esters in enantioenriched form, demonstrating that the enantioselectivity of this transformation is catalyst‐controlled.
Disproportionation of Sodium Superoxide in Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: Sheng Chuanchao , Yu Fengjiao , Wu Yuping , Peng Zhangquan , Chen Yuhui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe sodium oxygen battery is a promising metal–air battery; however, the discharge process is not well understood and the major discharge product is still under debate. The discharge products determined the theoretical specific energy and electrochemical performance of the battery. Now it is demonstrated that NaO2 spontaneously disproportionates to Na2O2, no matter whether it is dissolved in solution or stays on the surface. The behaviors of NaO2 in solution and on the surface are different. Solvents play a crucial effect on the disproportionation of dissolved NaO2 species, which is fast in low donor number (DN) solvents such as acetonitrile but sluggish in high DN solvents such as DMSO. In situ XRD results exhibited the different product growing processes in various solvents. Surface NaO2 would slowly disproportionate to Na2O2 anyway, but this process is relatively slow compared to the time span of discharge process and it does not affect the major product on discharge.
Enzyme‐Compatible Dynamic Nanoreactors from Electrostatically Bridged Like‐Charged Surfactants and Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Thiele Martin J. , Davari Mehdi D. , Hofmann Isabell , König Melanie , Lopez Carlos G. , Vojcic Ljubica , Richtering Walter , Schwaneberg Ulrich , Tsarkova Larisa A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractReported is an unanticipated mechanism of attractive electrostatic interactions of fully neutralized polyacrylic acid (PAA) with like‐charged surfactants. Amphiphilic polymer‐surfactant complexes with high interfacial activity and a solubilization capacity exceeding that of conventional micelles are formed by bridging with Ca2+ ions. Incorporation of a protease into such dynamic nanoreactors results in a synergistically enhanced cleaning performance because of the improved solubilization of poorly water‐soluble immobilized proteins. Competitive interfacial and intermolecular interactions on different time‐ and length‐scales have been resolved using colorimetric analysis, dynamic tensiometry, light scattering, and molecular dynamic simulations. The discovered bridging association mechanism suggests reengineering of surfactant/polymer/enzyme formulations of modern detergents and opens new opportunities in advancing labile delivery systems.