bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acid‐sensing ion channel 1a is involved in ischaemia/reperfusion induced kidney injury by increasing renal epithelia cell apoptosis
Authors: Song Nana , Lu Zhihui , Zhang Jian , Shi Yiqin , Ning Yichun , Chen Jing , Jin Shi , Shen Bo , Fang Yi , Zou Jianzhou , Teng Jie , Chu Xiang-Ping , Shen Linlin , Ding Xiaoqiang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAcidic microenvironment is commonly observed in ischaemic tissue. In the kidney, extracellular pH dropped from 7.4 to 6.5 within 10 minutes initiation of ischaemia. Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) can be activated by pH drops from 7.4 to 7.0 or lower and permeates to Ca2+entrance. Thus, activation of ASIC1a can mediate the intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and play crucial roles in apoptosis of cells. However, the role of ASICs in renal ischaemic injury is unclear. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that ischaemia increases renal epithelia cell apoptosis through ASIC1a‐mediated calcium entry. The results show that ASIC1a distributed in the proximal tubule with higher level in the renal tubule ischaemic injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, Injection of ASIC1a inhibitor PcTx‐1 previous to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) operation attenuated renal ischaemic injury. In vitro, HK‐2 cells were pre‐treated with PcTx‐1 before hypoxia, the intracellular concentration of Ca2+, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (∆ψm) and apoptosis was measured. Blocking ASIC1a attenuated I/R induced Ca2+ overflow, loss of ∆ψm and apoptosis in HK‐2 cells. The results revealed that ASIC1a localized in the proximal tubular and contributed to I/R induced kidney injury. Consequently, targeting the ASIC1a may prove to be a novel strategy for AKI patients.
Inhibition of P53/miR‐34a improves diabetic endothelial dysfunction via activation of SIRT1
Authors: Wu Junduo , Liang Wenzhao , Tian Yueli , Ma Fuzhe , Huang Wenlin , Jia Ye , Jiang Ziping , Wu Hao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEndothelial dysfunction contributes to diabetic macrovascular complications, resulting in high mortality. Recent findings demonstrate a pathogenic role of P53 in endothelial dysfunction, encouraging the investigation of the effect of P53 inhibition on diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Thus, high glucose (HG)‐treated endothelial cells (ECs) were subjected to pifithrin‐α (PFT‐α)—a specific inhibitor of P53, or P53‐small interfering RNA (siRNA), both of which attenuated the HG‐induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, inhibition of P53 by PFT‐α or P53‐siRNA prohibited P53 acetylation, decreased microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a) level, leading to a dramatic increase in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) protein level. Interestingly, the miR‐34a inhibitor (miR‐34a‐I) and PFT‐α increased SIRT1 protein level and alleviated the HG‐induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress to a similar extent; however, these effects of PFT‐α were completely abrogated by the miR‐34a mimic. In addition, SIRT1 inhibition by EX‐527 or Sirt1‐siRNA completely abolished miR‐34a‐I's protection against HG‐induced endothelial inflammation and oxidative stress. Furthermore, in the aortas of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice, both PFT‐α and miR‐34a‐I rescued the inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction caused by hyperglycaemia. Hence, the present study has uncovered a P53/miR‐34a/SIRT1 pathway that leads to endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that P53/miR‐34a inhibition could be a viable strategy in the management of diabetic macrovascular diseases.
Extensive cutaneous necrosis in monoclonal cryoglobulinemia: an example of monoclonal gammopathy of cutaneous significance
Authors: Lipsker D. 
Published: February 2019

Linked article: This article is commented on by T. Gambichler et al., pp. e166–e167 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.15403.
In vitro inhibitory effect of tea extracts on starch digestibility
Authors: Ayim Ishmael , Ma Haile , Alenyorege Evans Adingba , Duan Yuqing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe effect of brown, oolong, and green teas’ extract on the in vitro inhibition of starch digestibility of cassava, corn, plantain, and yam was explored. The starches exhibited moderately low hydrolysis rate and had moderate resistant starch ratios. Tea metabolites after extraction at different temperatures were quantified and correlated to starch inhibition at 1% introduction using principal component analysis (PCA). Total polyphenols (TP), (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), (−)‐gallocatechin gallate (GCG), (−)‐catechin gallate (CG), and (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were positively correlated with starch digestion inhibition especially in the first and second hours of digestion. The (+)‐catechin (C) and Total flavonoids (TF) in the teas, however, had a negative correlation with starch inhibition. Green tea extracts were more effective in starch digestion inhibition followed by brown tea and then oolong. TP, EGC, GCG, CG, and EGCG from green tea had the strongest inhibitory effect on starch digestion and that purified extracts of these compounds could be used at a statistically optimized combination to formulate diets with improved hypoglycemic potential.Practical applicationsIn order to identify key components in tea responsible for hypoglycemic effect, tea extracts from three different source and their starch inhibitory properties were analyzed using starches from four plant sources. To this end, key components in the tea varieties were identified with potential hypoglycemic effect. Therefore, diets with potential hypoglycemic effect could be formulated using purified extracts from tea such as TP, (−)‐epigallocatechin, (−)‐gallocatechin gallate, (−)‐catechin gallate, and (−)‐epigallocatechin gallate under optimized conditions.
Oral care practices in non‐mechanically ventilated intensive care unit patients: An integrative review
Authors: Emery Kimberly Paige , Guido‐Sanz Frank 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore current oral care practices in nonmechanically ventilated ICU patients.BackgroundOral hygiene is an important aspect of nursing care in hospitalised populations. Oral care is a disease preventive and cost‐effective measure for patients, particularly in ICU patients. Numerous studies support the value of oral care practices in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Due to evidence supporting the benefits of oral care in nonmechanically ventilated patients, it would be beneficial to examine the literature for oral care practices in this population.MethodologyLiterature searches of the following databases were performed: CINAHL Plus, MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Academic Search Premier, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. Three peer‐reviewed articles were included in the review after inclusion criteria were applied. Findings were appraised, organised conceptually and synthesised using Torraco (2016b) as a guiding framework. Evidence was appraised using the Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence‐based Practice Rating Scale. PRISMA reporting guidelines were followed, when applicable.ResultsFindings support the existing gap in the literature of oral hygiene practices in nonmechanically ventilated ICU patients. Themes included the type of oral care products used, frequencies of oral care, documented oral care practices and personnel that performed the care.Study implicationsThis integrative review identified an important gap in the literature for oral care practices in nonmechanically ventilated ICU patient populations. Further research on current oral care practices and development of evidence‐based guidelines for this population are recommended.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses should provide oral care to all hospitalised patients and follow oral care guidelines specific to their population, if available.
Neoliberal Ideology and the Justification of Inequality in Capitalist Societies: Why Social and Economic Dimensions of Ideology Are Intertwined
Authors: Azevedo Flavio , Jost John T. , Rothmund Tobias , Sterling Joanna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article we analyze data from high‐quality surveys conducted in the United States and the United Kingdom that included multiple symbolic and operational measures of political ideology and psychological orientations. Our overarching goal is to elucidate the nature of conceptual and empirical connections between neoliberalism and social conservatism. In so doing, we revisit three major questions about public opinion in neoliberal societies: (1) Are ordinary citizens “innocent” of ideology? (2) Are social and economic dimensions of ideology structurally and functionally independent? (3) Are support for laissez‐faire capitalism and opposition to welfare—hallmarks of neoliberal ideology—unrelated or negatively related to authoritarianism? In contrast to previous investigations relying upon fewer and poorer measures, we found that ordinary citizens do indeed hold coherent political attitudes, and their attitudes about social and economic issues are closely aligned. For instance, we observed that for five previously published ideological instruments, social and economic attitudes were robustly correlated in two large U.S. samples (withrs ranging from .40 to .69)—for respondents who were relatively low (.31 ≤r≤ .60) as well as high in political sophistication (.50 ≤r≤ .77). Contradicting prior claims, we found no evidence that support for the free market was negatively associated with authoritarianism for any group of respondents or any measure of authoritarianism. On the contrary, economic conservatism and the endorsement of neoliberal attitudes were strongly associated with right‐wing authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, economic system justification, and gender‐specific system justification (withrs ranging from .53 to .76). We conclude that the political belief systems of ordinary citizens are coherently organized around support for versus opposition tobothsocial and economic forms of inequality in contemporary capitalist societies.
Sweeter together? Assessing the combined influence of product‐related and contextual factors on perceived sweetness of fruit beverages
Authors: Wang Qian Janice , Mielby Line Ahm , Thybo Anette Kistrup , Bertelsen Anne Sjørup , Kidmose Ulla , Spence Charles , Byrne Derek Victor 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt is well‐known that multiple sensory cues influence flavor perception and liking. The present study aimed to combine and compare the relative influences of product‐related and contextual factors on taste perception and liking, with a focus on the perception of sweetness. Participants tasted samples of the same base fruit beverage with one of three different levels of added aroma, while the contextual cues (either visual or auditory) were displayed simultaneously using iPads. The results revealed that both added aroma and background music significantly influenced participants' sweetness ratings, with a medium level of added aroma enhancing sweetness significantly as compared to no added aroma, and with the sweet‐congruent soundtrack enhancing perceived sweetness significantly as compared to the bitter‐congruent soundtrack. Moreover, there was a potentially additive effect from the combination of aroma and soundtrack. These results are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms underlying multisensory flavor perception.Practical applicationsConsumers are nearly always exposed to a multisensory environment whenever they consume food and drink. It is therefore important to acknowledge that, beyond the food itself, what people happen to be exposed to in the environment while eating or drinking can influence their multisensory flavor experiences as well. These results are of relevance for those working on understanding a theoretical model of human sweetness perception, as well as those working on the design of healthier, sugar‐reduced food products. Indeed, the knowledge that multiple sensory cues can, at least under the appropriate conditions, work in conjunction to deliver a greater modulation of perceived taste will allow designers to come up with more effective sugar‐reduced products without reducing consumer satisfaction. Moreover, the increasing prevalence of sensory and augmented reality applications means that manufacturers can now incorporate external visual and auditory content as part of the total multisensory product experience.
Abyssinone V, a prenylated flavonoid isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina melanacantha increases oxidative stress and decreases stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Koch Karoline , Schulz Gabriel , Döring Wera , Büchter Christian , Havermann Susannah , Mutiso Patrick Chalo , Passreiter Claus , Wätjen Wim 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Recent studies showed that distinct extracts of Erythrina species used in the traditional medicine of sub-Saharan Africa are protective against stress conditions. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms as well as relevant compounds remain unclear.

Methods
We used the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate compounds isolated from the stem bark of Erythrina melanacantha (abyssinone V (1), abyssinon-4′O-methylether (2), sigmoidin B-4′O-methylether (3), glabranin (4), 8-prenylnaringenin (5), citflavanone (6), exiguaflavanone (7) and homoeriodictyol (8)). Antioxidative capacity in vitro (trolox equivalent antioxidative capacity assay) and modulation of oxidative stress in vivo (2′, 7′-dichlorofluorescein assay) were investigated; stress resistance was analysed using the nucleic acid stain SYTOX green.

Key findings
None of the prenylated flavonoids caused protection against thermal stress; in contrast, most of the compounds (1, 4, 5, 8) decreased stress resistance. None of the compounds decreased the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, but abyssinone V (1) caused an increase in oxidative stress. In line with these results, none of these compounds showed radical-scavenging effects in vitro.

Conclusions
The stem bark of E. melanacantha contains various prenylated flavonoids, but no compound protected C. elegans against stress conditions. In contrast, abyssinone V increases oxidative stress and reduces stress resistance in this model organism.
Prevalence, distribution, and clinical characteristics of hemangiosarcoma‐associated skeletal muscle metastases in 61 dogs: A whole body computed tomographic study
Authors: Carloni Andrea , Terragni Rossella , Morselli‐Labate Antonio Maria , Paninarova Michaela , Graham John , Valenti Paola , Alberti Monica , Albarello Giulia , Millanta Francesca , Vignoli Massimo 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSkeletal muscle metastases (SMMs) have been described sporadically in canine oncology.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence, localization, and clinical signs of SMMs associated with hemangiosarcoma (HSA) in a population of dogs presented for whole body computed tomography (CT).AnimalsDogs with a histologically confirmed HSA and a tissue core specimen or fine needle aspirate of suspected metastatic lesions were included in the study.MethodsRetrospective study. Dogs with a final diagnosis of visceral or muscular HSA that underwent whole body CT scan were enrolled in the study. Final diagnosis of primary tumor and SMMs was reached by histology, cytology, or both. Signalment, clinical signs, localization of the primary lesion, and metastases characteristics were reviewed.ResultsSixty‐one dogs met the inclusion criteria. Skeletal muscle metastases were detected in 15 dogs (24.6%) and all of these dogs had also metastases in ≥1 sites. Presence of SMMs was significantly higher in males but was not significantly related to age, neuter status, breed, localization, and dimensions of the primary tumor. Nine of 15 (60.0%) dogs with SMMs showed lameness or reluctance to move whereas these signs were not recorded in any of the 42 dogs without SMMs (P < .001).Conclusion and Clinical ImportancePrevalence of SMMs in our population of dogs with HSA was higher in comparison to previous studies in the human and veterinary medical literature. Whole body CT is recommended for staging of dogs with HSA, because SMMs could be missed by clinical examination and traditional diagnostic imaging modalities.
Activation of cannabinoid 2 receptor relieves colonic hypermotility in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Lin Mengjuan , Chen Lei , Xiao Yong , Yu Baoping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disease with intestinal dysmotility, whose mechanism remains elusive. The endocannabinoid system is emerging as an important modulator of gastrointestinal (GI) motility in multiple diseases, but its involvement in IBS is unknown. We aimed to determine whether cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptor modulates intestinal motility associated with stress‐induced IBS.MethodsA rat IBS model was established by chronic water avoidance stress (WAS). Colonic pathological alterations were detected histologically and intestinal motility was assessed by intestinal transit time (ITT) and fecal water content (FWC). Visceral sensitivity was determined by visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distension (CRD). Real‐time PCR, western blot, and immunostaining were performed to identify colonic CB2 receptor expression. Colonic muscle strip contractility was studied by isometric transducers and nitric oxide (NO) was detected by the Griess test. The effects of AM1241, a selective agonist of CB2 receptors, on colonic motility were examined.Key ResultsAfter 10 days of WAS exposure, ITT was decreased and FWC elevated while VMR magnitude in response to CRD was significantly enhanced. Colon CB2 protein and mRNA levels increased and density of CB2‐positive macrophages in the mucosa and enteric neurons in the myenteric plexus was higher than in controls. Pharmacological enhancement of CB2 activity by AM1241 relieved colonic hypermotility in WAS rats in a concentration‐dependent manner via inhibition of p38 phosphorylation and elevation of NO production.ConclusionCB2 receptor may exert an important inhibitory effect in stress‐induced colonic hypermotility by modulating NO synthesis through p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling. AM1241 could be used as a potential drug to treat disorders with colonic hypermotility.
Efficacy, long‐term safety, and impact on quality of life of elobixibat in more severe constipation: Post hoc analyses of two phase 3 trials in Japan
Authors: Nakajima Atsushi , Taniguchi Shinya , Kurosu Shinsuke , Gillberg Per‐Göran , Mattsson Jan P. , Camilleri Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn two phase 3 trials, elobixibat, a locally acting ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor, resolved constipation and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with chronic constipation. We analyzed the efficacy, safety, and impact on quality of life (QOL) of elobixibat in patients with symptomatically more severe constipation in the two phase 3 trials.MethodsThis post hoc analysis of elobixibat treatment outcomes included data from a 2‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 3 trial (10 mg/d), and a 52‐week, open‐label trial (5‐15 mg/d) in subgroups with severe constipation defined as ≤2 spontaneous bowel movements (SBMs) and ≤3 Bristol Stool Form Scale score during the second week of the 2‐week run‐in period. We also analyzed the rates of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and QOL in subgroups according to sex, presence of constipation‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS‐C) and side effects.Key ResultsIn patients with severe constipation, there was significant improvement in the 10 mg elobixibat group compared to the placebo group in change in SBMs from baseline at week 1 (primary endpoint) of the 2‐week trial. The differences between groups were reduced in patients with more severe constipation. Increasing the dose to 15 mg was effective for more severe constipation in improving the number of SBMs per week in the 52‐week trial. Overall, elobixibat was well tolerated and improved QOL scores, irrespective of gender, presence of IBS‐C or side effects.Conclusions & InferencesElobixibat is effective for symptomatically severe constipation, is well tolerated and improves QOL, irrespective of potentially confounding patient characteristics.
Inflammatory pseudotumour of the maxillary sinus: clinicopathological report
Authors: Senthil Kumar M.S. , Ramani P. , Rajendran V. , Lakshminarayanan P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe authors describe a case of inflammatory pseudotumour of the maxillary sinus. Though inflammatory in origin, its aggressive clinical pattern and radiological findings resembles malignant disease. Pseudotumours can occur almost anywhere in the body of which very few cases have been reported so far in the maxillofacial region. Our diagnosis in this reported case is well supported by radiological, haematological, histopathological, immunohistochemical and bone marrow findings. The provided conservative treatment was wide local excision, followed by post‐operative steroid therapy to gain adequate control over the aggressive nature of the disease.
A cross‐sectional, population‐based study on the prevalence of food allergies among children in two different socio‐economic regions of Vietnam
Authors: Le Thu T. K. , Nguyen Duy H. , Vu An T. L. , Ruethers Thimo , Taki Aya C. , Lopata Andreas L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of data on the prevalence of food allergy (FA) in Vietnam. A cross‐sectional, population‐based study was conducted to evaluate the current prevalence of FA among 2‐ to 6‐year‐old children in two different regions in Vietnam.MethodA structured, anonymous questionnaire, modified from published FA epidemiologic studies and based on EAACI guidelines, was distributed to parents/guardians of participating children in Hue City (urban area) and Tien Giang Province (rural area). Data collected from the survey were statistically analyzed to generate the prevalence of self‐reported and doctor‐diagnosed FA and overarching pattern of food allergens.ResultsA total of 8620 responses were collected (response rate 81.5%). Children in Tien Giang reported more than twice the food‐induced adverse reactions seen in children in Hue (47.8% vs. 20.5%). In contrast, children in Hue showed higher self‐reported FA (9.8%) and doctor‐diagnosed FA rates (8.4%) than children in Tien Giang (7.9% and 5.0%, respectively). Crustacean was the predominant allergy‐inducing food in both areas (330 of 580 cases, 56.9%), followed by fish, mollusk, beef, milk, and egg. However, substantial variations of FA patterns were seen between the study sites. Geographic location and co‐morbidities of other allergic diseases were key risk factors for FA (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe prevalence of FA in Vietnamese children seems to be higher than previously reported from other Asian countries. Crustacean is the predominant allergy‐inducing food among participating preschool children in Vietnam. The variation of reported food allergen sources across different socio‐economic locations could imply different eating habits or the participation of indoor and outdoor allergen exposure.