bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass Pellets from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OP-EFB)
Authors: Aditya Rahman Farhan 
Published: February 2019

Oil Palm growths in Indonesia are getting higher every year. Oil palm plantationproduced various waste, including oil palm empty fruit bunches (OP-EFB). 95 % Indonesia energy demand still provided by the fossil fuel and only 5 % provided by renewable energy, which provide opportunity of OP-EFB biomass pellets to be utilized as alternative resource. The research of biomass still low, especially research of OP-EFB biomass pellets. Therefore, the research objectives were to determine the production process of OP-EFB and to define the most effective binder and binder ratio for the biomass pellets. This research experiments consist of shredding, chopping, drying, grinding, and sieving as raw material pretreatment. Also, varying the binder and binder concentration of the mixture between raw materials was the part of this thesis research. The binders used in this thesis research are PVAC paste and tapioca based paste with 4 variations of concentration. The analyses of the biomass pellets characteristic are density,compressive strength, proximate analysis (moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon), calorific value, combustion rate, and gas chromatographic & mass spectroscopy (GCMS). The result shows that OP-EFB biomass pellets are qualified to be considered as biomass pellets. The most effective OP-EFB biomass pellets is biomass pellets with 10% tapioca binder concentration.
PETROGENESA BATUAN INTRUSIF GUNUNG BERJO - BUTAK, DAERAH GODEAN BERDASARKAN DATA PETROGRAFINYA
Authors: Verdiansyah Okki 
Published: February 2019

Daerah Godean merupakan bagian dari vulkanisme Miosen, yang tersisa pada daerah Yogyakarta bagian tengah. Vukanisme pada daerah Godean, diperkirakan sebagai produk dari busur gunungapi kepulauan dengan diferensiasi yang terbentuk mulai dari andesit basaltik, andesit dasitik, dasit, riodasit, dan kembali menjadi andesit basaltik. Penelitian dilakukan pada batuan beku pada gunung Berjo, gunung Butak, batuan intrusi subvulkanik dengan orientasi sebaran selatan- timurlaut. Analisis data menggunakan petrografi sebanyak 17 sayatan tipis untuk melihat mineralogi dan tekstur khusus yang terdapat dalam batuan. Morfologi daerah penelitian berupa bukit terisolir dengan kelerengan 51 – 56 %, merupakan produk denudasional yang dikelilingi endapan kuarter dari fluvio-vulkanik gunung Merapi. Litologi pada gunung Berjo dan gunung Buthak terdiri dari andesit piroksen, dasit, andesit, basalt piroksen, yang merupakan batuan intrusi dangkal (subvolcanic intrusion) dengan tekstur utama berupa intersitial, mortar, porfiritik yang diikuti tekstur khusus berupa oscilating zoning, sieve, dan miarolitic cavities terisi epidot-feldspar-kuarsa sebagai indikasi proses magmatic-hydrothermal pada suhu ± 200 - 400ºC diikuti alterasi hidrotermal berupa phyllic dan propylitic alteration yang terbentuk pada pH 4-5 dengan temperatur 200-3000C. Petrogenesa batuan gunung Berjo dan Butak diinterpretasi terbentuk sebagai batuan intrusi dangkal pada kedalaman 500 m dari permukaan purba, afinitas magma kapur alkali busur gunung api kepulauan dengan konten air tinggi, yang diikuti proses fraksinasi kristalisasi dengan pergerakan magma intrusi yang relatif melambat dan menerobos batuan sedimen karbonat. Petrogenesa daerah Godean masih perlu diperkuat dengan riset mineralogi lebih detil dan data lain yang mendukung.
PENGARUH SUDUT KEMIRINGAN TERHADAP KINERJA TURBIN ULIR
Authors: Abdulkadir M. 
Published: February 2019

Sumber tenaga air dengan head rendah masih banyak yang belum termanfaatkan sehingga perlu dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan. Salah satu turbin yang mampu bekerja pada head rendah adalah turbin ulir. Banyak parameter yang berpengaruh terhadap kinerja turbin ulir, di antaranya adalah jumlah sudu, jumlah lilitan, sudut kemiringan, dan debit. Sehubungan dengan hal ini maka perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui kondisi kinerja optimalnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mngetahui pengaruh sudut kemiringan dan debit masukan terhadap putaran, daya output dan efisiensi turbin ulir. Penelitian dilakukan pada suatu model turbin ulir dengan dengan diameter luar (d0) 10,10 cm, jumlah blade = 15 buah, jarak pitch (p) = 3 cm dan panjang ulir 43 cm, variasi sudut kemiringan antara 100 sampai 450, dan variasi debit 84 l/men, 95 l/men dan 105 l/men.Dari hasil penelitian ini diperoleh putaran maksimum 240 rpm pada debit 105 liter/menit dan sudut kemiringan 15 0, daya output maksimum 5,558 W pada debit 105 liter/menit dan sudut kemiringan 20 0, dan efisiensi maksimum sebesar 44,349 pada debit 105 liter/menit dan sudut kemiringan 20 0.
KARAKTERISASI TURBIN ANGIN SUDU FLAT BERBINGKAI DENGAN VARIASI LEBAR SUDU UNTUK PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA ANGIN
Authors: Bono Bono , Suwoto Gatot , Margana Margana , Sunarwo Sunarwo 
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bentujuan untuk menghasilkan turbin angin sudu flat berbingkai dengan variasi lebar sudu. Penelitian diawali dengan membuat bingkai sudu sebanyak 6 buah, dengan lebar sudu masing masing sebesar 4 cm, 6 cm, dan 8 cm. Sudu dibuat dari bahan plat galvalum dengan model 4 buah bilah sudu di bingkai menjadi satu. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji karakteristik turbin, dimana kecepatan angin dibuat bervariasi antara 5 m/s sampai dengan 8 m/s. Hasil uji berupa grafik karakteristik turbin untuk masing-masing lebar sudu. Parameter yang diukur dalam pengujian adalah kecepatan angin, putaran turbin, beban.turbin, arus dan tegangan listrik keluaran dari generator. Parameter yang ditentukan dan merupakan variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah lebar sudu 4 cm, 6 cm, dan 8 cm. Beban turbin divariasikan dan setiap variasi dilakukan pencatatan terhadap parameter-parameter diatas. Pengujian dilakukan pada kondisi kecepatan angin konstan, pada sudut sudu 600 dengan 6 buah bingkai sudu, dan lebar sudu 4 cm, pada kondisi tersebut beban generator divariasikan, pada setiap variasi beban dilakukan pencatatan terhadap parameter uji di atas. Selanjutnya dilakukan hal yang sama untuk lebar sudu sama kecepatan angin yang berbeda. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian dengan tahapan yang sama untuk lebar sudu 6 cm dan 8 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya generator tertinggi yang mampu dibangkitkan adalah sebesar 21,44 watt, pada kecepatan angin sebesar 8 m/s dengan putaran 203,14 rpm, sedangkan Efisiensi sistem tertinggi sebesar 33,15 % terjadi pada kecepatan angin 5 m/s dengan putaran 164,43 rpm
Minorities in Indian Urdu News: Ahmadis, Journalistic Practice and Mediated Muslim Identity
Authors: Amanullah Arshad 
Published: February 2019

A case study of a protest campaign against the Ahmadiyya community in Punjab and its coverage in Urdu language news media of India, this paper locates its narrative at the intersection of media, politics and religion. It seeks to advance the field theory project beyond western media systems by applying it to Indian Urdu news. It demonstrates that the religious field is a neighbouring field of Urdu news and the former wields powerful influence over the latter. Moreover, the religious field with the help of news media uses politics to have its voice heard. The paper specifically reads into the manner in which Urdu dailies covered Majlis Ahrar-e Islam Hind’s (a Muslim interest group) protest campaign to cancel Pranab Mukherjee’s (then Finance Minister of India) visit to Qadian, Punjab in 2009. He was set to participate in an annual function of the Ahmadis who are a persecuted minority group among Muslims. The protest campaign, with an active support of Urdu dailies, got transformed into a media campaign against the Ahmadis and was successful in getting the Minister’s visit cancelled. The paper investigates the dynamics of collaboration between Urdu news and the ulama that made possible transformation of anti-Ahmadi campaign into a media campaign. It attempts to elucidate the uncritical support that Majlis Ahrar-e Islam Hind received from Urdu dailies. For this purpose, it delves into normative structure of Urdu news field and its journalistic practices. It draws attention to their implications for Indian Muslim identity.
On the Ubiquity and Stellar Luminosity Dependence of Exocometary CO Gas: Detection around M Dwarf TWA 7
Authors: Matrà L. , Öberg K. I. , Wilner D. J. , Olofsson J. , Bayo A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Millimeter observations of CO gas in planetesimal belts show a high detection rate around A stars, but few detections for later type stars. We present the first CO detection in a planetesimal belt around an M star, TWA 7. The optically thin CO (J = 3–2) emission is colocated with previously identified dust emission from the belt, and the emission velocity structure is consistent with Keplerian rotation around the central star. The detected CO is not well shielded against photodissociation, and must thus be continuously replenished by gas release from exocomets within the belt. We analyze in detail the process of exocometary gas release and destruction around young M dwarfs and how this process compares to earlier type stars. Taking these differences into account, we find that CO generation through exocometary gas release naturally explains the increasing CO detection rates with stellar luminosity, mostly because the CO production rate from the collisional cascade is directly proportional to stellar luminosity. More luminous stars will therefore on average host more massive (and hence more easily detectable) exocometary CO disks, leading to the higher detection rates observed. The current CO detection rates are consistent with a ubiquitous release of exocometary gas in planetesimal belts, independent of spectral type.
Bar Fraction in Early- and Late-type Spirals
Authors: Lee Yun Hee , Ann Hong Bae , Park Myeong-Gu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Bar fractions depend on the properties of the host galaxies, which are closely related to the formation and evolution of bars. However, observational studies do not provide consistent results. We investigate the bar fraction and its dependence on the properties of the host galaxies by using three bar classification methods: visual inspection, an ellipse fitting method, and Fourier analysis. Our volume-limited sample consists of 1698 spiral galaxies brighter than M
r = −15.2 with z < 0.01 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey/DR7 visually classified by Ann et al. We first compare the consistency of classification among the three methods. Automatic classifications detect visually determined, strongly barred galaxies with the concordance of 74% to 85%. However, they have some difficulty in identifying bars, in particular in bulge-dominated galaxies, which affects the distribution of bar fraction as a function of Hubble type. We obtain, for the same sample, different bar fractions of 63%, 48%, and 36% by visual inspection, ellipse fitting, and Fourier analysis, respectively. The difference is mainly due to how many weak bars are included. Moreover, we find a different dependence of bar fraction on Hubble type for strong versus weak bars: SBs are preponderant in early-type spirals, whereas SABs are in late-type spirals. This causes a contradictory dependence on host galaxy properties when different classification methods are used. We propose that strong bars and weak bars experience different processes for their formation, growth, and dissipation by interacting with different inner galactic structures of early-type and late-type spirals.
« La violation des droits de l’homme, une menace à la paix ? Une rétrospective de l’évolution de la qualification de menace à la paix en lien direct ou indirect avec la violation des droits de l’homme »
Authors: Dubuy Mélanie 
Published: February 2019

La Charte des Nations Unies n’a pas fait du Conseil de sécurité un organe de protection des droits de l’homme. Il a eu pourtant de nombreuses occasions de s’occuper de cette question dans l’exercice de sa fonction de maintien de la paix. La période de la guerre froide était caractérisée par une attitude prudente du Conseil qui, freiné par le respect du domaine réservé des États, refusait de qualifier la violation des droits de l’homme par elle-même de menace à la paix. La question de la violation des droits de l’homme était considérée comme relevant des affaires intérieures des Etats et donc en dehors du champ d’action du Conseil de sécurité. L’entrée dans l’ère post-guerre froide correspond à un changement radical de méthodologie. La violation des droits de l’homme accompagnée du risque de provoquer un flux massif de réfugiés a permis la qualification de menace à la paix. Le Conseil a alors pu non seulement lier la violation des droits de l’homme à un risque de déstabilisation de la paix régionale ou internationale mais également selon une conception positive de la paix, fonder la qualification de menace sur la violation elle-même, indépendamment de ses effets. L’analyse de la pratique montre cependant qu’il ne parvient que rarement à labelliser ces violations de menace à la paix par elles-mêmes ou en appréhendant ces violations de manière décontextualisée en dehors de toute analyse sécuritaire stricte.
De la caricature à la peinture
Authors: Heredia Martine 
Published: February 2019

Al intentar entender la aparición de lo feo y lo excesivo en la pintura, es cuando se establece el vínculo con la caricatura. Estas dos formas de expresión se reúnen en el tratamiento del retrato, luego que la transgresión libera de la tiranía. Así que, ¿cómo resistir a la tentación de ilustrar metafóricamente ese descuartizar de lo Bello ante los Retratos imaginarios de Brigitte Bardot que Antonio Saura realizó en 1958? Después de cotejar los retratos y unas caricaturas de la actriz, se trata aquí de mostrar que el paralelo entre la caricatura y la pintura tiene sus límites. La pintura de Saura se sitúa más allá de la identificación y pues de la imitación ; el pintor aragonés se apodera del modelo como si fuera una materia prima, con lo cual el icono se convierte en matriz, transformándose en una estructura primaria, mediante un combate que reúne gesto y materia. Más allá de una mera voluntad expresiva, el artista deja atrás lo disforme para alcanzar lo informe.
CENÁRIOS DE MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS PROJETADOS PARA O ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS
Authors: Reboita Michelle Simões , Marrafon Vitor Hugo de Almeida , Llopart Marta , Rocha Rosmeri Porfírio da 
Published: February 2019

O estado de Minas Gerais está inserido numa região de clima de monção, o que significa que mais da metade do total anual da precipitação ocorre entre a primavera e o outono do ano seguinte. Portanto, essa época é a mais propícia à ocorrência de eventos extremos de precipitação. Uma vez que episódios de chuva intensa ou grandes sequências de dias com chuva, ou sem, podem causar danos a vários setores da economia como, por exemplo, agrícola, energético, turístico etc., o objetivo do presente estudo é analisar projeções futuras de precipitação e temperatura do ar no estado de Minas Gerais, com base em três simulações climáticas realizadas com o Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4). O período histórico corresponde aos anos de 1980-2005 e o futuro aos de 2070-2095. Para esse último, é considerado o cenário de mudanças climáticas Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 (RCP8.5) do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudanças Climáticas (IPCC). Para a precipitação, foram analisados índices climáticos relacionados a valores médios e extremos. Já para a temperatura do ar apenas analisaram-se os valores médios. Entre os resultados têm-se que a temperatura do ar poderá aumentar em até 5 oC no estado, enquanto que a precipitação mostra uma tendência de aumento no verão e redução no inverno. No futuro, as projeções climáticas indicam que a sequência de dias consecutivos úmidos tende a reduzir, enquanto a de dias secos a aumentar.
Development of Functional Requirements for Ex Vivo Pathology Applications of In Vivo Microscopy Systems: A Proposal From the In Vivo Microscopy Committee of the College of American Pathologists
Authors: Mathur Sharad C. , Fitzmaurice Maryann , Reder Nicholas P. , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Kennedy Mary , Tearney Guillermo J. , Shevchuk-Chaban Maria M. 
Published: February 2019

Context.—
In vivo microscopy (IVM) allows direct, real-time visualization of tissue histology in living patients without the need for tissue removal, processing, or staining. The IVM technologies in clinical use include confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography. These technologies also show promise for use with pathology specimens (ex vivo microscopy [EVM]). However, few systems designed for EVM are commercially available, at least in part because of the lack of defined minimal functional requirements (FRs).

Objective.—
To develop minimal FRs for likely high-volume pathology applications of EVM.

Design.—
The IVM Committee of the College of American Pathologists identified potential EVM pathology applications based on the published literature. A subcommittee of IVM and EVM early adopters and experts then defined FRs for the most likely EVM applications.

Results.—
Potential EVM applications include assessment of margins, adequacy of needle biopsies and aspirates for diagnosis, and transplant tissues; selection of tissue for molecular studies or biorepository; and guidance in block selection from gross specimens. The first 3 applications were selected for development of FRs. The FRs were identified based on existing laboratory practices and guidelines and input from experts in the field and included device footprint and portability, specimen preparation, imaging time, field of view or resolution, morphologic diagnostic capability, yield, accuracy, ease of use, safety, and cost.

Conclusions.—
Consensus was achieved on FRs that would accommodate the selected EVM applications. Publication and dissemination of those FRs will provide guidance to engineers, researchers, and vendors on how to optimally adapt IVM technologies for EVM for widespread adoption by pathologists.
Amériques, langues et espace dans Le quatrième siècle d’Édouard Glissant et Pélagie-la-Charrette d’Antonine Maillet
Authors: Crainic Corina 
Published: February 2019

Cet article propose une analyse des romans d’Édouard Glissant et d’Antonine Maillet qui traitent de cet exercice périlleux que constitue l’effort d’une reconstruction identitaire sur fond de dépossession. Le quatrième siècle de Glissant et Pélagie-la-Charrette de Maillet, oeuvres représentatives d’expériences particulières vécues par les francophonies américaines, s’efforcent de rendre compte des injustices tout en développant une réflexion tendue vers l’ouverture à cette étonnante métamorphose américaine, qui permet d’accepter – ou même seulement de se soumettre à – la rencontre, parfois douloureuse, de l’Autre en ce continent vu comme meurtrier et prometteur.
La devoción a san Jorge durante el siglo XVIII en Durango. A propósito de un lienzo conservado en la sacristía de la catedral
Authors: Martínez Romero Adolfo 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: St. George was one of the best known figures in Christendom, due both to his unique story as well as for the help he gave to the various Spanish kingdoms in the fight against the enemies of Jesus Christ. His cult spread to New Spain where he was known, although not in the same manner as in Europe. But nevertheless, in the cathedral of the bishopric of Durango, the efforts of bishop Pedro Anselmo Sánchez de Tagle interests resulted in St. George being declared patron of the city in 1749 by both civil and ecclesiastical chapters. This event granted the saint another function: the fight against poisonous animals, specifically, the scorpions endemic to the region. As a result, the Saint's iconography experienced an unprecedented and meaningful change that included the depiction of a series of arachnids alongside the dragon. This is reflected in the canvas that is still located in the sacristy of this cathedral, a painting that is unique in the History of Art.

KEYWORDS: Saint George; Iconography; Bishop; Nobiliary Shield; Scorpions; Devotion; Sacristy.

RESUMEN: San Jorge fue una de las figuras más difundidas en todo el Cristianismo, tanto por su singular historia como por el auxilio que prestó a los diversos reinos españoles en la lucha contra los enemigos de Jesucristo. Su culto logró llegar a la Nueva España donde fue conocido, aunque no siempre con el mismo sentido. Así, en la Catedral del Obispado de Durango, los intereses del obispo Pedro Anselmo Sánchez de Tagle lograron que el Cabildo Civil y el Cabildo Eclesiástico juraran a este santo como patrono de la ciudad en 1749. Este hecho le asignó una nueva encomienda: la lucha contra los animales ponzoñosos, específicamente los alacranes. Igualmente, este evento inédito permitió que a través de los años, la visualidad habitual de san Jorge haya experimentado uno de los cambios más significativos, al incluir una serie de arácnidos junto a la famosa representación del dragón. Lo anterior se ve reflejado en el gran lienzo que se conserva en la sacristía de dicha catedral, el cual es único dentro de la Historia del Arte.

PALABRAS CLAVES: San Jorge; iconografía; obispo; escudo nobiliario; alacranes; devoción; sacristía.
Protein signatures linking history of miscarriages and metabolic syndrome: a proteomic study among North Indian women
Authors: Sharma Saurabh , Yadav Suniti , Chandiok Ketaki , Sharma Radhey Shyam , Mishra Vandana , Saraswathy Kallur Nava 
Published: February 2019

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MeS), a constellation of metabolic adversities, and history of miscarriage make women at a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, molecular evidence indicating a link between the two phenotypes (history of miscarriage and MeS) among women would offer an opportunity to predict the risk factor for CVDs at an early stage. Thus, the present retrospective study attempts to identify the proteins signatures (if any) to understand the connection between the history of miscarriage and MeS.

Methods
Age-matched 80 pre-menopausal women who were not on any medical intervention or drugs were recruited from a Mendelian population of the same gene pool. Recruited women were classified into four groups—(a) Group A—absolute cases with history of miscarriage and MeS, (b) Group B—absolute controls without any history of miscarriage and MeS, (c) Group C—cases with MeS but lack any history of miscarriage, (d) Group D—cases with history of miscarriage but lack MeS. Differentially expressed proteins in plasma samples of women from four groups were identified using 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.

Results
Three case groups (A, C, and D) showed 18 differentially expressed proteins. Nearly 60% of proteins (11/18) were commonly dysregulated in Group C (only with MeS) and Group D (only with miscarriage history). Nearly 40% of proteins (7/18) were commonly dysregulated in the three case groups (Groups A, C, and D), indicating a shared pathophysiology. Four proteins were exclusive but shared by case groups C and D indicating the independent routes for CVDs through MeS or miscarriages. In absolute cases, transthyretin (TTR) showed exclusive upregulation, which was further validated by Western blotting and ELISA. Networking analyses showed the strong association of TTR with haptoglobin, transferrin and ApoA1 hinting toward a cross-talk among these proteins which could be a cause or an effect of TTR upregulation.

Conclusion
The study provides evidence for molecular link between the history of miscarriage and MeS through a putative role of TTR. However, longitudinal follow-up studies with larger sample size would further help to demonstrate the significance of TTR and other targeted proteins in risk stratification and the onset of CVDs.