bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shock tube investigation of methyl tert butyl ether and methyl tetrahydrofuran high‐temperature kinetics
Authors: Jouzdani Shirin , Zheng Xuan , Zhou Apeng , Akih‐Kumgeh Ben 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe autoignition and pyrolysis of two C5 ethers, methyl tert butyl ether (MTBE) and 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran (2‐MTHF), are investigated using the shock tube reactor. The experiments are carried out at pressures of 3.5 and 12 atm at temperatures above 1000 K with argon as a diluent gas. By means of direct laser absorption, carbon monoxide time histories and associated chemical kinetic timescales are also determined. It is observed that the competition between ignition and pyrolysis times depends on the temperature and equivalence ratio of the ignition mixture, such that there is a temperature above which pyrolysis predominates oxidative kinetics. This crossover temperature shifts toward higher temperatures for reactive systems with a fixed fuel concentration but higher oxygen content. The resulting experimental observations are also compared with predictions of existing chemical kinetic models from the literature. The results point to differences in chemical reactivity, such that in pyrolysis conditions, the reactivity of the cyclic ether, 2‐MTHF, is generally higher than that of the aliphatic ether, MTBE. While agreement between experimental observations and model predictions is observed under certain conditions, significant variance between observations and predictions is observed under other conditions. With respect to prediction of the pyrolysis time used to capture the global kinetics of pyrolysis, it is observed that the relation of this time to the time needed to attain 90% of the equilibrium CO concentration varies greatly with the result that the models used in this work generally predict a faster initial formation of CO but a much slower approach to the equilibrium concentration. This is thought to arise from the slow transformation of intermediate CH2O and CH2CO to CO. The chemical kinetic models considered in this work are therefore not capable of predicting the CO time histories during pyrolysis.
Preoperative biopsy in parotid malignancies: Variation in use and impact on surgical margins
Authors: Benchetrit Liliya , Torabi Sina J. , Morse Elliot , Mehra Saral , Rahmati Rahmatullah , Osborn Heather A. , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesDetermine rate of preoperative biopsy in parotid malignancies, identify factors associated with its use, and its association with surgical margins.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.SettingCommission on Cancer–Accredited Institutions.Subjects and MethodsWe included 5533 patients treated surgically for a parotid malignancy 2004–2014 in the National Cancer Database. Chi‐squared tests, univariable, and multivariable logistic regressions were used to evaluate predictors of preoperative biopsy (defined as needle, aspiration, or incisional), and associate biopsy with surgical margins.ResultsPreoperative biopsy was utilized in 26.0% of patients. Biopsy was more likely in patients >60 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.19, P = .035), advanced clinical T stage (vs. T1,T2 OR: 1.23, P = .009; T3 OR: 1.26, P = .026; T4A OR: 2.05, P < .001), advanced clinical N stage (vs. N0, N1: OR: 1.39, P = .013; N2/3: OR: 1.63, P < .001), in academic centers (OR: 1.18, P < .024), and in higher volume centers (vs. low, medium OR: 1.28, P = .002; high OR: 2.16, P < .001). Biopsy use increased over time (vs. 2004–2006, 2007–2010 OR: 1.20, P = .047; 2011–2014 OR: 1.39, P < .001). Biopsy was associated with a reduced risk of positive margins in patients with clinical T1 stage (OR: 0.70, P = .012), and younger than 61 (OR: 0.79, P = .036).ConclusionThe national rate of preoperative biopsy in parotid malignancy is low at 26.0%, but has increased over time. Preoperative biopsy is associated with a reduced risk of positive margins in younger patients and those with early clinical stage, suggesting its increased use may improve surgical outcomes and decrease reoperation or adjuvant therapy in these subgroups of patients.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 130:1450–1458, 2020
Membrane‐initiated estrogen signaling in prostate cancer: A route to epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Gadkar Sushama , Nair Shardool , Patil Smita , Kalamani Shilpa , Bandivdekar Atmaram , Patel Vainav , Chaudhari Uddhav , Sachdeva Geetanjali 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe plasma membrane (PM) is considered as a major druggable site. More than 50% of the existing drugs target PM proteins. In the wake of emerging data indicating a key role of estrogens in prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis, the study was undertaken to explore whether the estrogen binding sites exist on the PM and if such sites are functionally relevant in PCa. Estradiol (E2) binding to the PM was detected in androgen‐dependent (LNCaP), androgen‐independent (PC3, DU145) PCa cell lines, nontumorigenic (RWPE1) prostate epithelial cell line, and rat prostate cells. Conventional estrogen receptors (nuclear estrogen receptors), known for their nuclear localization, were detected in the PM enriched extracts. This was indirectly confirmed by reduced localization of ERs on the PM of cells, silenced for the expression of their cognate genes. Further, unlike cell‐permeable E2, stimulation with cell‐impermeable estradiol (E2‐BSA) did not induce proliferation in LNCaP cells. However, stimulation with E2‐BSA led to alterations in the phosphorylation status of several kinases including GSK3 and AKT, along with the hyperphosphorylation of cytoskeletal proteins such as β‐actin and cytokeratin 8 in LNCaP. This was accompanied by epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal (EMT) features such as increased migration and invasion; higher vimentin expression, and a concomitant decrease in the E‐cadherin expression. These effects were not observed in RWPE1 cells. Interestingly, cell‐permeable E2 failed to induce EMT in PCa cells. This in vitro study is the first to suggest that the PM‐initiated estrogen signaling contributes to higher invasiveness in PCa cells. Plasma membrane ERs may act as novel targets for PCa therapeutics.
An integrated AHP‐TOPSIS framework for foreign direct investment in Turkey
Authors: Çalık Ahmet , Çizmecioğlu Sinan , Akpınar Ayhan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) is seen as an essential part of development due to the contribution of the host country. Profits of FDI such as technology transfers, spillover benefits, and increasing competition have encouraged both of domestic firms and policymakers to attracting FDI. In the course of making investment decisions, foreign investors prefer countries that follow stable economic policies, achieve a certain level of development of financial structure, and have legal regulations that favour foreign capital. Turkey, one of the emerging market economies, met the challenges including but not limited to high inflation, diminishing growth rates, and currency depreciation. Even with its ongoing currency crisis, Turkey continues to remain a top pick for investors. From this point of view, this paper investigates the selection of the most suitable sector by taking into consideration the economic, political, and country factors for foreign investors. The proposed methodology for sector selection contains three stages. The criteria for FDI are defined from the current literature, and we narrow it down according to the opinions of the decision‐making group. After that, the analytic hierarchy process method used to obtain the priority order of the criteria. Finally, we use the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution method to rank the sectors in accordance with the evaluation criteria. Additionally, we perform a sensitivity analysis to observe the effects of possible changes in the weights of the criteria. We designate three prime criteria, which are political, economic, and country. The results indicate that political criterion have the highest weight and based on the results of stages, manufacturing sector is obtained as primer election industry.
Update of the MDS research criteria for prodromal Parkinson's disease
Authors: Heinzel Sebastian , Berg Daniela , Gasser Thomas , Chen Honglei , Yao Chun , Postuma Ronald B. ,   the MDS Task Force on the Definition of Parkinson's Disease
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe MDS Research Criteria for Prodromal PD allow the diagnosis of prodromal Parkinson's disease using an evidence‐based conceptual framework, which was designed to be updated as new evidence becomes available. New prospective evidence of predictive values of risk and prodromal markers published since 2015 was reviewed and integrated into the criteria. Many of the predictive values (likelihood ratios, LR) remain unchanged. The positive likelihood ratio notably increase for olfactory loss and decreased for substantia nigra hyperechogenicity. Negative likelihood ratio remained largely unchanged for all markers. New levels of diagnostic certainty for neurogenic and symptomatic orthostatic hypotension have been added, which substantially differ in positive likelihood ratio from the original publication. For intermediate strength genetic variants, their age‐related penetrance is now incorporated in the calculation of the positive likelihood ratio. Moreover, apart from prospective studies, evidence from cross‐sectional case‐control genome‐wide association studies is also considered (given their likely lack of confounding and reverse causation), and to account for the effect of multiple low‐penetrance genetic variants polygenic risk scores are added to the model. Diabetes, global cognitive deficit, physical inactivity, and low plasma urate levels in men enter the criteria as new markers. A web‐based prodromal PD risk calculator allows the calculation of probabilities of prodromal PD for individuals. Several promising candidate markers may improve the diagnostic accuracy of prodromal PD in the future. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Focused ultrasound in Parkinson's disease: A twofold path toward disease modification
Authors: Foffani Guglielmo , Trigo‐Damas Inés , Pineda‐Pardo José A. , Blesa Javier , Rodríguez‐Rojas Rafael , Martínez‐Fernández Raul , Obeso José A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA major unmet need in Parkinson's disease (PD) is to slow the inexorable progression of neurodegeneration. Clinical trials that evaluated promising pharmacological strategies have repeatedly failed. Nonetheless, the advent of focused ultrasound provides new opportunities toward the goal of developing a safe and effective disease‐modifying therapy for PD. Here we discuss the rationale, possible avenues, and challenges along this path, exploiting the potential of focused ultrasound for (1) performing focal thermal lesions to restore the basic basal ganglia abnormalities associated with dopamine depletion, and (2) transiently opening the blood–brain barrier for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. First, the classic idea of excitotoxicity mediated by hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus suggests that focused ultrasound subthalamotomy may offer a clinically viable disease‐modifying therapy in very‐early PD. Second, the concept of retrograde nigrostriatal neurodegeneration, supported by our recent cortical pathogenic theory of PD, points toward the putamen as a principal site for focused ultrasound blood–brain barrier opening and targeted drug delivery. In principle, both therapeutic strategies—subthalamotomy and putaminal blood–brain barrier opening—could eventually be applied in the same patient. Clinical application is still a long road ahead; nevertheless, focused ultrasound may open a twofold path toward disease modification in PD. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Probabilistic long‐term hydrological drought forecast using Bayesian networks and drought propagation
Authors: Shin Ji Yae , Kwon Hyun‐Han , Lee Joo‐Heon , Kim Tae‐Woong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEffective drought mitigation plans that can handle severe drought conditions require reliable drought forecasts. A probabilistic hydrological drought forecasting method was developed using Bayesian networks that incorporate dynamic model predictions and a drought propagation relationship. The resulting model, Bayesian networks based drought forecasting with drought propagation (BNDF_DP), was designed using current and forecast lead time drought conditions of a multi‐model ensemble. Hydrological drought conditions were represented by the Palmer Hydrological Drought Index. The ranked probability score (RPS) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to measure forecast proficiency. The BNDF_DP model showed good performance, with an RPS 4–50% higher than a climatological model. ROC analysis indicated that the BNDF_DP offered superior forecasting skills for long‐term drought, with a 2 and 3 month lead time, compared with a model that does not consider drought propagation. The overall results indicated that the BNDF_DP model was a promising tool for probabilistic drought forecasting that can provide water managers and decision‐makers with the flexibility to respond to undesirable drought risks, prepare drought mitigation action plans and regulate policies based on future uncertainties.
BRCA1 regulates HMGA2 levels in the Swan71 trophoblast cell line
Authors: West Rachel C. , Russ Jennifer E. , Bouma Gerrit J. , Winger Quinton A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDuring early placental development, tumor suppressors and oncogenes work synergistically to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation in a restrained manner compared with the uncontrollable growth in cancer. One example of this partnership is the regulation of the oncofetal protein HMGA2 by BRCA1. BRCA1 forms a repressor complex with ZNF350 and CtIP to bind to the promoter of HMGA2, preventing transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation determined BRCA1 forms this repressor complex in human trophoblast cells, suggesting a role in the placenta. Furthermore, miR‐182 has been shown to target BRCA1 mRNA in ovarian cancer cells, blocking the formation of the BRCA1 repressor complex and allowing increased transcription of HMGA2. miR‐182 was one of the first miRNAs described as elevated in the serum and placentas of preeclamptic women. Therefore, we hypothesized that BRCA1 is essential for normal trophoblast cell development. We used CRISPR‐Cas9 genome editing and miR‐182 overexpression to decrease BRCA1 protein in the Swan71 cell line. HMGA2 was significantly increased in the BRCA1 KO and miR‐182 overexpressing cells compared to controls. We also determined that BRCA1 repressor complex binding to HMGA2 was significantly reduced in BRCA1 KO and miR‐182 overexpressing cells compared with controls, leading us to conclude that increased HMGA2 was because of decreased binding of the BRCA1 repressor complex. Finally, we found that the caspase activity was significantly higher in BRCA1 KO and miR‐182 overexpressing cells suggesting an increased amount of apoptosis. These data suggest that BRCA1 is an important regulator of the oncofetal protein HMGA2 and promotes cell survival in human placental cells.
Psychometric properties of the Korean version of the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale in a nurse population
Authors: Min Ari , Min Haeyoung , Hong Hye C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMost nurses in Korea work rotating shifts, an important contributor to fatigue. The Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery (OFER) Scale assesses work‐related fatigue among nurses. In this study, we aimed to translate and culturally adapt the Korean version of this scale (OFER‐K) with nurses working rotating shifts in Korea. Instrument adaptation was performed using committee‐based translation, cognitive interviewing, and expert panel interviewing. Criterion validity, convergent validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability were examined as psychometric properties of the OFER‐K. An online survey was completed by 331 nurses; 107 of these nurses completed a second survey after 1 month to assess test–retest reliability. The overall Cronbach's alpha was 0.88. The correlation between participants’ initial and retest responses for the total scale was 0.64 (p < .001). The chronic fatigue subscale was stable over time, t(106) = −1.76, p = .08. Criterion and convergent validity were supported by correlations between the OFER‐K scale and the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit using a three‐factor model. The findings of this study showed that the OFER‐K scale is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing chronic fatigue, acute fatigue, and inter‐shift recovery in Korean nurses. Future research using this scale may lead to a better understanding of the antecedents and consequences of nurse fatigue and could provide important information to nurse researchers, administrators, and policymakers for developing interventions to reduce nurse fatigue.
Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity in Adults Living in Cameroon: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nansseu Jobert Richie , Noubiap Jean Jacques , Bigna Jean Joel 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to summarize current data on overweight and obesity among adults living in Cameroon.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Global Index Medicus, African Journals Online, and local databases were searched for population‐based cross‐sectional studies conducted in the general population from January 2000 to December 2017. A random‐effects model was used to pool data.ResultsOverall, 26 studies (55,155 participants) were included. The prevalence of overweight was 26.0% (95% CI: 17.6%‐35.3%) based on BMI. Furthermore, the overall prevalence of obesity was 15.1% (95% CI: 9.3%‐22.1%) based on BMI, 16.4% (95% CI: 10.8%‐22.8%) based on waist circumference ≥ 102 cm for males and ≥ 88 cm for females, 36.7% (95% CI: 26.8%‐47.2%) based on waist circumference ≥ 94 cm for males and ≥ 80 cm for females, 32.6% (95% CI: 26.9%‐38.7%) based on waist to hip ratio ≥ 0.90 for males and ≥ 0.85 for females, and 31.9% (95% CI: 27.8%‐36.2%) based on percent body fat ≥ 25% for males and ≥ 35% for females. Overall, the burden was higher in females compared with males; there was no difference between urban and rural settings or between studies conducted in 2000 to 2009 and 2010 to 2016.ConclusionsThe burden of overweight and obesity is high among adults in Cameroon, putting many at increased risk for developing associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications.
Brown Adipocytes Secrete GDF15 in Response to Thermogenic Activation
Authors: Campderrós Laura , Moure Ricardo , Cairó Montserrat , Gavaldà‐Navarro Aleix , Quesada‐López Tania , Cereijo Rubén , Giralt Marta , Villarroya Joan , Villarroya Francesc 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTranscriptomic analysis of gene expression in brown adipose tissue (BAT) from mice in response to cold revealed strong induction of growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). This study aimed to characterize GDF15 as a brown adipokine released in response to thermogenic activation and to determine its target functions.MethodsGDF15 expression was measured in adipose tissues from mice in response to physiological and pharmacological modulators of thermogenesis. Brown and beige cell cultures were used to dissect the mechanisms regulating GDF15 expression. Brown adipocyte cellular models of fibroblast growth factor 21 and β‐klotho invalidation were employed to identify the autocrine regulators of GDF15. RAW 264.7 macrophages were used to explore the targeting of GDF15 released by brown adipocytes.ResultsCold exposure of mice strongly induced GDF15 expression in BAT. Norepinephrine and cyclic adenosine monophosphate induced GDF15 expression and release by cells through protein kinase A‐mediated mechanisms. Noradrenergic regulation of GDF15 required the active fibroblast growth factor 21 pathway in brown adipocytes. GDF15 released by brown adipocytes targeted macrophages and downregulated the expression of proinflammatory genes.ConclusionsGDF15 is a brown adipokine released by brown and beige cells in response to thermogenic activity. GDF15 released by BAT targets macrophages and may mediate downregulation of local inflammatory pathways.
Thermomechanical postbuckling of pressure‐loaded CNT‐reinforced composite cylindrical shells under tangential edge constraints and various temperature conditions
Authors: Hieu Pham Thanh , Van Tung Hoang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBuckling and postbuckling behavior of carbon nanotube‐reinforced composite (CNTRC) cylindrical shells with tangentially restrained edges exposed to preexisting temperature conditions and subjected to uniform external pressure are presented in this analytical study. Three temperature conditions considered are that uniform temperature rise, through‐the‐thickness temperature gradient, and in‐plane linear temperature distribution. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are reinforced into matrix phase through uniform or functionally graded distributions. The properties of CNTs and matrix are assumed to be temperature‐dependent and effective moduli of CNTRC are determined according to extended rule of mixture. Governing equations are based on the classical shell theory taking into account Von Karman‐Donnell nonlinearity and elasticity of tangential constraints of edges. Multi‐term solutions of deflection and stress function are assumed to satisfy simply supported boundary conditions and Galerkin method is applied to derive closed‐form expression of nonlinear pressure‐deflection relation from which critical buckling pressures and postbuckling paths are determined. A variety of numerical examples are given and interesting remarks are achieved. Due to practical situations of boundary edges and various temperature conditions, this paper aims to analyze separate and combined influences of tangential edge constraints and preexisting temperatures on thermomechanical postbuckling behavior of pressure‐loaded nanocomposite cylindrical shells.