bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Teriparatide and Denosumab in Patients Switching From Long-Term Bisphosphonate Use
Authors: Lyu Houchen , Zhao Sizheng S , Yoshida Kazuki , Tedeschi Sara K , Xu Chang , Nigwekar Sagar U , Leder Benjamin Z , Solomon Daniel H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Context
Teriparatide and denosumab are effective treatments for osteoporosis and typically reserved as second-line options after patients have used bisphosphonates. However, limited head-to-head comparative effectiveness data exist between teriparatide and denosumab.

Objective
We compared changes in bone mineral density (BMD) between groups treated with teriparatide or denosumab after using bisphosphonates, focusing on the change in BMD while on either drug over 2 years.

Design
Observational cohort study using electronic medical records from two academic medical centers in the United States.

Participants
The study population included osteoporotic patients >45 years who received bisphosphonates >1 year before switching to teriparatide or denosumab.

Outcome Measures
Annualized BMD change from baseline at the lumbar spine, total hip, and femoral neck.

Results
Patients treated with teriparatide (n = 110) were compared with those treated with denosumab (n = 105); the mean (SD) age was 70 (10) years and median duration (interquartile range) of bisphosphonate use was 7.0 (5.6 to 9.7) years. Compared with denosumab users, teriparatide users had higher annualized BMD change at the spine by 1.3% (95% CI 0.02, 2.7%) but lower at the total hip by −2.2% (95% CI −2.9 to −1.5%) and the femoral neck by −1.1% (95% CI −2.1 to −0.1%). Those who switched to teriparatide had a transient loss of hip BMD for the first year, with no overall increase in the total hip BMD over 2 years.

Conclusions
Among patients who use long-term bisphosphonates, the decision of switching to teriparatide should be made with caution, especially for patients at high risk of hip fracture.
Acylpeptide hydrolase is a novel regulator of KRAS plasma membrane localization and function
Authors: Tan Lingxiao , Cho Kwang-Jin , Kattan Walaa E. , Garrido Christian M. , Zhou Yong , Neupane Pratik , Capon Robert J. , Hancock John F. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The primary site for KRAS signaling is the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane (PM). We previously reported that oxanthroquinone G01 (G01) inhibited KRAS PM localization and blocked KRAS signaling. In this study, we identified acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) as a molecular target of G01. APEH formed a stable complex with biotinylated G01, and the enzymatic activity of APEH was inhibited by G01. APEH knockdown caused profound mislocalization of KRAS and reduced clustering of KRAS that remained PM localized. APEH knockdown also disrupted the PM localization of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer), a lipid critical for KRAS PM binding and clustering. The mislocalization of KRAS was fully rescued by ectopic expression of APEH in knockdown cells. APEH knockdown disrupted the endocytic recycling of epidermal growth factor receptor and transferrin receptor, suggesting that abrogation of recycling endosome function was mechanistically linked to the loss of KRAS and PtdSer from the PM. APEH knockdown abrogated RAS–RAF–MAPK signaling in cells expressing the constitutively active (oncogenic) mutant of KRAS (KRASG12V), and selectively inhibited the proliferation of KRAS-transformed pancreatic cancer cells. Taken together, these results identify APEH as a novel drug target for a potential anti-KRAS therapeutic.
Future of Radiotherapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Sun Xue-Song , Li Xiao-Yun , Chen Qiu-Yan , Tang Lin-Quan , Mai Hai-Qiang 
Published: July 2019

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with unique clinical biological profiles such as associated Epstein-Barr virus infection and high radiosensitivity. Radiotherapy has long been recognized as the mainstay for the treatment of NPC. However, the further efficacy brought by radical radiotherapy has reached the bottleneck in advanced patients, who are prone to develop recurrence and distant metastasis after treatment. The application of photon therapy makes it possible for radiation dose escalation in refractory cases and may provide second chance for recurrent patients with less unrecoverable tissue damage. The concept of adaptive radiotherapy is put forward in consideration of target volume shrinkage during treatment. The replanning procedure offers better protection for the organ at risk. However, the best timing and candidates for adaptive radiotherapy is still under debate. The current tendency of artificial intelligence in NPC mainly focuses on image recognition, auto-segmentation and dose prediction. Although artificial intelligence is still in developmental stage, the future of it is promising.
To further improve the efficacy of NPC, multimodality treatment is encouraged. In-depth studies on genetic and epigenetic variations help to explain the great heterogeneity among patients, and could further be applied to precise screening and prediction, personalized radiotherapy and the evolution of targeted drugs. Given the clinical benefit of immunotherapy in other cancers, the application of immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitor, in NPC is also of great potential. Results from ongoing clinical trials combining immunotherapy with radiotherapy in NPC are expected.
Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis: differentiation of benign from malignant parotid gland tumors using readout-segmented diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Zhang Zanxia , Song Chengru , Zhang Yong , Wen Baohong , Zhu Jinxia , Cheng Jingliang 
Published: July 2019

Objectives To explore the utility of whole-lesion apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis for differentiating parotid gland tumors following readout-segmented diffusion-weighted imaging (RESOLVE). Methods 80 patients (40 with pleomorphic adenomas, 14 with Warthin tumors, and 26 with malignant parotid gland tumors) who underwent routine head-and-neck MRI and RESOLVE examinations, were retrospectively evaluated. RESOLVE data were acquired from a MAGNETOM Skyra 3T MR system. Eleven whole-lesion histogram parameters derived from histogram analysis (ADC_mean, ADC_minimum, ADC_maximum, ADC_1th, ADC_10th, ADC_50th, ADC_90th, ADC_99th, skewness, variance and kurtosis) were calculated for each patient using MaZda. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of the ADC for distinguishing among the three groups. Results In total, nine parameters (ADC_minimum, ADC_maximum, ADC_mean, ADC_10th, ADC_50th, ADC_90th, ADC_99th, variance, skewness) were statistically significant (all p < 0.05) for all three groups, in the comparison of pleomorphic adenomas to Warthin tumors; the ADC_mean, ADC_50th, and skewness revealed high diagnostic efficiency with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.976, 0.970, and 0.970, respectively. In the comparison of pleomorphic adenomas to malignant parotid gland tumors, these nine parameters were also found to be statistically different (all p < 0.05); the ADC_mean, ADC_10th and ADC_50th revealed high diagnostic efficiency with area under the curve of 0.851, 0.866, and 0.841, respectively. However, in the comparison of Warthin tumors to malignant parotid gland tumors, only three parameters (ADC_mean, ADC_50th, skewness) were statistically significant (all p < 0.05). Conclusions Whole-lesion ADC histograms are effective in differentiating common parotid gland tumors.
An exploratory investigation of ‘depression-like’ behaviours in a model of left-sided distal middle cerebral artery occlusion in young, male C57B6 mice
Authors: Couch Yvonne , Clausen Bettina Hjelm , Ormhøj Maria , Andersen Maria Gammelstrup , Kring Christine , Møller Maja , Lambertsen Kate Lykke 
Published: July 2019

Background:Stroke is a devastating neurological injury, which can result in significant cognitive and behavioural deficits. Modelling the disease processes associated with stroke in animals is key to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. However, some aspects of stroke pathophysiology, including neuropsychiatric symptoms, do not translate well from humans to animals. Here, we aimed to investigate the development of post-stroke depression in a rodent model of stroke.Methods:The distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) was permanently occluded by electrocoagulation in adult male C57/Bl6/J mice. Animals were allowed to survive for 6 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 5 days or 7 days prior to behavioural testing. Brains were taken to confirm lesion volumes at the above times. Behavioural tests studied basic exploration and motivation (open field and marble burying) as well as depression-like behaviours (tail suspension and sucrose preference).Results:Animals developed robust and reproducible lesions in the cortex but whilst stroke reduced activity in the open field, animals showed no associated behavioural deficits in any of the tests used for depression-like behaviours.Conclusions:The distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model results in a small cortical lesion which produces no depression-like behaviours. These negative data are important for those wishing to investigate the more cognitive and behavioural aspects of stroke.
Strength of Association. Report 1. Graduations of Relative Risk
Authors: Котеров А. , Koterov A. , Ушенкова Л. , Ushenkova L. , Зубенкова Э. , Zubenkova E. , Вайнсон А. , Vaynson A. , Калинина М. , Kalinina M. , Бирюков А. , Biryukov A. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To summarize data on graduation of the effect size on the base of Hill’s first causality criterion ‘Strength of association’ on relative risk parameters (RR). Material and methods: Survey of published sources: monographs, handbooks, papers, educational material on statistics in various disciplines (including on-line), etc. (128 references; of which about 30 handbooks on epidemiology, carcinogenesis and medical statistics). Results: For the RR value, the collected data summary (1980–2018) implies non-homogeneity in concepts. The most common references are to the Monson scale (two editions of the monograph on the epidemiology of occupational exposures Monson R.R., 1980; 1990). In our opinion, the optimal graduation can be developed on the basis of this scale, and it should include both the range of no effect (RR = 0.9–1.2) and the weak (RR = 1.2–1.5, or 0.7–0.9), moderate (RR = 1.5–3.0, or 0.4–0.7), strong (RR = 3.0–10.0; or 0.1–0.4) and very strong’(RR = 10.0–40.0; or 0.0–0.1) ranges. Examples of epidemiological effects with overwhelming strength of association are presented (RR > 40.0). For the effects of thalidomide, RR reached thousands, for diethylstilbestrol, conditional infinity, and when irradiated in childhood, the frequency of some cancers increased tens and even hundreds of times. The juristic aspects of compensation payment based on RR are briefly reviewed. According to the Daubert rule (Daubert ruling, Daubert standard) on the 1993 precedent in the United States, risks are recognized only at RR > 2.0, when the probability of causality is more than 50 %. Conclusions: To estimate the RR value, one should use the most common and officially established Monson scale, albeit with an expansion in the range of dramatic or overhelming risks. This study can be used as a reference guide on the graduations of effect size on RR (OR) for a wide variety of observed disciplines.
Lived experiences of young pregnant women who smoke
Authors: Johnson Fiona , Hewitt-Taylor Jaqui , Norton Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

Background Smoking tobacco during pregnancy can lead to adverse pregnancy and child health outcomes. Aim To gain insight of smoking during pregnancy from young pregnant women's lived experience. Method A descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five women aged 18-20 years who had smoked tobacco during pregnancy. Findings Themes that emerged from the data were related to culture and routine, psychological wellbeing, self-efficacy, public opinion, recognition of harm, whom they spoke to about smoking, and the approaches that helped behaviour change. Conclusions Midwives were seen as the trusted health professional by the young women and a non-judgemental approach was valued to promote self-efficacy. Smoking cessation services were not recognised as beneficial, and cutting down, rather than using nicotine replacement therapy or e-cigarettes, was preferred.
Anthocyanins content of methanol extract of parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) and its effect on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level of hyperlipidemic rat
Authors: SA’ADAH NOOR NAILIS , INDIANI ADEK MAYANG , NURHAYATI AWIK PUJI DYAH , ASHURI NOVA MAULIDINA 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Sa’adah NN, Indiani AM, Nurhayati APD, Ashuri NM. 2019. Anthocyanins content of methanol extract of parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) and its effect on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level of hyperlipidemic rat. Nusantara Bioscience 11: 112-118. Parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) is an endemic plant in Indonesia that its fruit have a purplish red color, which indicated that parijoto fruits contain anthocyanins, pigments of the flavonoid class that responsible for the red, blue and purple coloration of many flowers and fruits. This study was aimed to determine the total yield of extract and anthocyanins content of methanol extract of parijoto (Medinilla speciosa) pericarp and whole fruit and the effect of parijoto whole fruit extract on serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level of the hyperlipidemic rats. Extraction of parijoto fruit and pericarp were carried out by the maceration method with methanol as a solvent. Determination of the total anthocyanin was done by pH difference method. MDA serum levels were done in a pre-test and post-test Randomized controlled group design was used in this study. Rats were divided into five groups: normal rats, hyperlipidemic rats, hyperlipidemic rats treated with methanol extract of parijoto (500 mg · kg ˗1, 1000 mg · kg ˗1, and 1500 mg · kg˗1 body weight). Blood was collected at hyperlipidemia state and after treatment of methanol extract of parijoto for determination of MDA level in blood serum. The results showed that the total yield of parijoto pericarp extract and the whole fruits were 11.46 g (3.18% ) and 9.02 g (2.88%) respectively. Anthocyanins content of parijoto pericarp and whole fruit extracts were 208.75 mg · L-1 and 173.7 mg · L-1. Administration of methanol extract of whole fruit parijoto in hyperlipidemic rats reduced serum MDA levels significantly (p < 0.01), from 14.88 nmol · mL-1 to 8.63 nmol · mL-1.
A relação dos professores com a biblioteca escolar: um estudo de caso
Authors: Romero Márcia Cicci , Arena Adriana Pastorello Buim 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa concluída em 2011 na cidade de Uberlândia MG e tem como objetivo mostrar como os professores relacionavam-se com a biblioteca da escola para o desenvolvimento da leitura e da escrita. Já os objetivos específicos compreendiam em identificar como os professores utilizavam esse espaço; analisar a frequência que levavam seus alunos a esse espaço escolar e verificar quais eram as regras que a escola impunha ao seu uso. A metodologia escolhida foi o estudo de caso do tipo etnográfico na abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se também da observação e da entrevista. Como resultado, apesar de os professores terem se preocupado com o uso da biblioteca, concluímos que não houve essa interação entre os docentes e a bibliotecária. As idas à biblioteca funcionavam apenas como local para mostra de filmes e a leitura era vista como castigo.
Palavras-chave: Biblioteca – escolar. Leitura. Livros.
Educação Ambiental: um estudo de caso em uma comunidade ribeirinha do Estado do Amazonas
Authors: Nogueira Maria de Nazaré Leal , Souza Leandro de Oliveira 
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo é resultado de uma investigação que objetivou entender o ambiente escolar e a problemática socioambiental nas comunidades ribeirinhas no estado do Amazonas, com base na literatura e na observação de campo. Parte-se da seguinte questão: quais os problemas enfrentados e por que promover educação ambiental nas comunidades ribeirinhas amazônicas? Trata-se de um estudo analítico descritivo, que fez uso de entrevistas com registro em áudio e imagens e observação direta com registro em diário de campo. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram moradores de uma comunidade ribeirinha. A análise dos dados deu-se de forma hermenêutica e a comunicação pautada na metodologia de estudo de caso. Os resultados apontam que a educação ambiental, se pautada na realidade local e promovida dentro das comunidades, torna-se um alicerce para que futuras gerações e, em especial, os próprios moradores se tornem capazes de planejar, desenvolver e superar problemas no ambiente em que vivem.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Comunidades Ribeirinhas. Qualidade de vida. Educação Ambiental.
Alfabetização Científica: possibilidades didático-pedagógicas da revista Ciência Hoje das Crianças Online
Authors: Teixeira Maria do Rocio Fontoura , Pereira Juliana Carvalho , Stueber Ketlen 
Published: July 2019

Analisa trinta e cinco textos da revista Ciência Hoje para as Crianças Online, considerando-a como fonte de informação na perspectiva didático-pedagógicas para a mediação da Alfabetização Científica. A questão principal do estudo foi: Como a revista Ciência Hoje das Crianças Online pode viabilizar a Alfabetização Científica no ensinar e aprender ciência? A abordagem metodológica foi de natureza qualitativa e fundamentou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e na análise de conteúdo. Identificaram-se os autores e as instituições que contribuíram na produção dos textos e a que público se destinavam. Elencaram-se os facilitadores de Alfabetização Científica, níveis de interdisciplinaridade e as possíveis aplicabilidades didático-pedagógicas. Conclui-se que as matérias analisadas possuem viabilidade pedagógica, fomentam debates e reflexões a partir do conhecimento científico. Evidencia-se a atuação da revista no Ensino de Ciências e indica o quão necessário são as investigações de temas no viés científico que possam fomentar práticas inovadoras na perspectiva do ensino interdisciplinar.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ensino de Ciências. Alfabetização Científica. Ciência Hoje das Crianças.
Luz e vida: um diálogo com professores de Ciências
Authors: Ramos Mônica Cunha , Sales Nilva Lúcia Lombardi , Martins Silvia 
Published: July 2019

Os programas de formação continuada de professores em museus de ciências permitem uma aproximação do museu com a escola e o estreitamento do relacionamento com os professores. Nesse contexto, o Museu Dica ofereceu o curso “Luz e Vida”, buscando criar um espaço dialógico e promover uma reflexão sobre as práticas. Dessa forma, este trabalho caracterizou o perfil dos professores a partir dos “ciclos de vida” propostas por Huberman (2000) e buscou entender as relações desses professores com o tema, bem como com a proposta dialógica apresentada no curso. No decorrer do curso encontramos dificuldades para o estabelecimento do diálogo, evidenciando a expectativa por uma abordagem transmissiva do conteúdo. Apesar das dificuldades, percebemos o entusiasmo dos professores em relação ao curso.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Luz. Dialogicidade. Formação de Professores.
Anestesi Regional pada Pasien dengan Penyakit Jantung/ Hemodinamik Tidak Stabil
Authors: Nurcahyo Widya Istanto 
Published: July 2019

Pembiusan pasien dengan penyakit jantung sebelumnya merupakan tantangan yang menarik. Penyebab paling umum morbiditas dan mortalitas perioperatif pada pasien jantung adalah penyakit jantung iskemik (PJI). Goldman dkk. melaporkan bahwa 500.000 hingga 900.000 infark miokard terjadi setiap tahun di seluruh dunia dengan mortalitas 10-25%. Keputusan untuk menggunakan anestesi regional tergantung pada banyak faktor. Karakteristik pasien, jenis operasi yang direncanakan, dan potensi risiko anestesi semuanya akan berdampak pada pilihan anestesi dan manajemen perioperatif.Kerugian dari anestesi regional termasuk hipotensi dari blokade simpatis yang tidak terkendali dan kebutuhan untuk loading volume dapat menyebabkan iskemia. Pemberian anetesi lokal dalam dosis besar juga harus mempertimbangkan risiko toksisitas depresi miokard. Pada pasien dengan penyakit kardiovaskular, teknik anestesi regional (baik tunggal atau dengan anestesi umum) bermanfaat perioperatif dalam mengurangi respon stres, simpatektomi jantung, ekstubasi lebih awal, lama rawat di rumah sakit lebih pendek, dan analgesia pascaoperasi yang baik. Selain jenis operasi yang dilakukan, dalam pelaksanaannya juga harus mempertimbangkan masalah yang ada pada masing-masing pasien. Anestesi umum juga memberikan peranan penting karena bersifat kardioprotektif dan dapat meningkatkan suplai oksigen. Keputusan untuk menggunakan anestesi regional harus dilakukan dengan hati-hati dan dilakukan dengan pemantauan yang tepat.
The degree of the tangent and secant variety to a projective surface
Authors: Cattaneo Andrea 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We present a way of computing the degree of the secant (resp. tangent) variety of a smooth projective surface, under the assumption that the divisor giving the embedding in the projective space is 3-very ample. This method exploits the link between these varieties and the Hilbert scheme 0-dimensional subschemes of length 2 of the surface.
Refining Motivational Intellectualism: Plato’s Protagoras and Phaedo
Authors: Butler Travis 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Refined intellectualism (RI) holds that although an agent’s actions always follow his rationally-produced choices of what is best, those choices can be influenced by non-rational motivational states. Through a contrast with the Protagoras, I argue that RI is not only clearly endorsed in the Phaedo but also central to the philosophical ethic defended in that dialogue. This result raises problems for prevailing developmentalist interpretations of Plato’s moral psychology.
A conspectus of the filamentous marine fungi of Sweden
Authors: Tibell Sanja , Tibell Leif , Pang Ka-Lai , Jones E.B. Gareth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Marine filamentous fungi have been little studied in Sweden, which is remarkable given the depth and width of mycological studies in the country since the time of Elias Fries. Seventy-four marine fungi are listed for Sweden based on historical records and recent collections, of which 16 are new records for the country. New records for the country are based on morphological identification of species mainly from marine wood, and most of them from the Swedish West Coast. In some instances, the identifications have been made by comparisons of sequences obtained from cultures with reference sequences in GenBank. Corollospora angusta, Corollospora filiformis, and Corollospora pulchella, previously known from tropical/subtropical areas, are recorded for the first time for Sweden. The arctic Havispora longyearbyensis was also found. Kalmusia longispora and Neocamarosporium calvescens were reported for the first time from marine habitats.