bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE BLOOD PLATELETS
Authors: LAWRENCE JOHN S. , VALENTINE WILLIAM N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. The rate of utilization of blood platelets in radiated, thrombopenic cats has been measured directly. Thrombopenic animals, incapable of significant platelet regeneration, were cross circulated via carotid to carotid anastomoses with normal animals. After return to independent circulation the rate of disappearance of cross circulated platelets was measured by periodic counts.
2. By this method it was possible to elevate the platelet count anywhere from 100,000 to around 400,000 per cubic millimeter. The highest count obtained followed cross circulation with a splenectomized animal. In most instances the platelet level attained was within the physiologic range of that found for normal cats by the same method.
3. The cross circulated platelets gradually disappeared from the circulation over a two to a slightly more than four day period. Under the conditions of this experiment the entire platelet mass would have to be replaced therefore every two to five days. The same figures probably apply within narrow limits to the normal cat.
4. The average rate of platelet utilization was approximately 2500 per cubic millimeter per hour. In seven of eight experiments the rate of disappearance varied from about 1600 per cubic millimeter per hour to about 2800 per cubic millimeter per hour. In the experiment using a splenectomized donor the rate of disappearance was about double the average for the rest of the group.
5. Attention is called to possible therapeutic implications of these findings in idiopathic thrombopenic purpura.
A SIMPLE APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING AND ELECTROPLATING RADIOACTIVE IRON
Authors: GREENBERG G. R. , HUMPHREYS S. R. , ASHENBRUCKER HELEN , LAURITSEN MARJORIE , WINTROBE M. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A simple, easily constructed apparatus for electroplating radioactive iron has been described by which certain disadvantages of other forms of apparatus have been eliminated. Sixteen samples can be plated each day without difficulty.
The technic employed for preparing the radioactive iron for electroplating has been given.
THE EFFECT OF DIET ON THE HEMOGLOBIN, ERYTHROCYTE, AND LEUKOCYTE CONTENT OF THE BLOOD OF THE RHESUS MONKEY (MACACA MULATTA)
Authors: JONES EDITH SEYMOUR , MCCALL KEITH B. , ELVEHJEM C. A. , CLARK P. F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Rhesus monkeys fed purified rations supplemented with adequate amounts of the B vitamins, ascorbic acid, and whole liver substance maintained the following average blood picture:
See PDF for Table
2. Natural diets or purified rations supplemented with liver extract do not support the above blood picture. The hemoglobin is lower and there is an increase in the range of the total leukocyte count and in the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio to 2.0 ([unknown]). These figures are similar to the values in the literature and generally accepted as the normal.
3. Previous reports have shown the characteristic blood dyscrasias which develop when monkeys are fed certain B vitamin-deficient diets. These changes are summarized graphically in this paper.
4. The importance of determining the concentration of hemoglobin and the formed elements of the blood as a diagnostic test in nutritional studies has been shown.
THE ASSOCIATION OF THE GUILLAIN-BARRÉ SYNDROME WITH INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS
Authors: RICKER WALTER , BLUMBERG ALFRED , PETERS CLIFFORD H. , WIDERMAN ARNOLD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Infectious mononucleosis in which death was due to associated ascending paralysis, indistinguishable from that in Guillain-Barré syndrome, was encountered in 2. cases at the Army Institute of Pathology. Study of the data from these cases strongly suggests that infectious mononucleosis is one of the many diseases or agents which may precipitate or give rise to the Guillain-Barré syndrome.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE ANEMIA IN DUCKS INFECTED WITH P. LOPHURAE
Authors: RIGDON R. H. , ROSTORFER H. H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This study of the anemia produced by P. lophurae in ducks emphasizes the significance of a decrease in the number of red cells in this disease, and furthermore, it suggests that the rapid diminution in the number of parasites following the peak of the parasitemia may be directly related to the character of this anemia since these parasites apparently do not prefer young erythroblasts to mature erythrocytes.
The observations made in this study show that erythrocytes in the ducks first appear as spherical bodies in stained smears and when mature they are elliptical in shape. Under abnormal conditions such as may occur with a severe parasitemia, erythroblasts appear in the peripheral blood in large numbers, sometimes almost completely replacing the adult type of red cell. Both microcytes and macrocytes appear in the blood stream. The amount of hemoglobin within some of these young erythrocytes is small as indicated by the hemoglobin determinations and the staining reaction. Small young erythroblasts with little hemoglobin appear in the peripheral blood when the maximum load is placed upon the hematopoietic tissues.
STUDIES ON THE ADHESION OF HUMAN BLOOD PLATELETS AND BACTERIA
Authors: HOULIHAN RAPLH B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Platelet counts decreased progressively in heparinized blood which had been stored in the icebox, then rotated in glass tubes. The platelets in similarly treated citrated human blood were stable.
2. Platelets and bacteria did not adhere in rotated heparinized and oxalated plasma from normal persons, or in citrated plasmas containing high concentrations of placenta or artery juice, purified fibrinogen, albumin, or gamma globulin, or in citrated plasmas from cases of subacute bacterial endocarditis.
3. Platelet-bacteria mixtures were found in rotated citrated plasmas containing saline extracts of human heart, heart valve, and vein tissues.
4. The degree of platelet-bacteria adhesion induced by sedimentation of these elements was variable. The degree of platelet-bacteria mixed clumping was enhanced by addition of purified gamma globulin and juices from human placenta, heart, heart valve, and vein, but not in plasma containing artery juice or purified fibrinogen.
5. The data indicated that bacterial agglutinins are not responsible for the adhesion of human platelets to bacteria.
6. The metabolic in vitro products of the alpha, beta, and gamma streptococci did not cause alterations in the morphology or adhesiveness of platelets.
7. Saline extracts of the human placenta, heart, heart valve, vein and artery used in these studies exhibited thromboplastic and prothrombic activity, but no thrombic activity.
8. The nature and relationship of the plasmatic factors responsible for the adhesion of platelets to bacteria, and for the agglutination of platelets, was discussed.
STUDIES ON PLATELETS
Authors: COPLEY ALFRED L. , GLASER DANIEL F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Washed isolated platelets added to physiologic saline produce fall in surface tension.
2. Higher concentrations of platelets in saline cause a greater fall in surface tension than lower concentrations.
3. After centrifugation of platelets suspended in saline, the supernatant may show a fall in surface tension as compared to saline in which no platelets have been suspended. In the higher concentrations of platelets, the fall is much greater than in the lower concentrations.
4. When platelets are suspended in heparinized plasma, they exhibit either no change or a higher surface tension than do either their supernatants following centrifugation or the heparinized plasma alone.
5. No full explanation for the observed phenomena can be given.
STUDIES ON HYPOPROTEINEMIA. I. HYPOPROTEINEMIA IN PATIENTS WITH GASTRIC CANCER; ITS PERSISTENCE AFTER OPERATION IN THE PRESENCE OF BODY TISSUE REPLETION
Authors: HOMBURGER F. , YOUNG N. F. , FORBES IRIS 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1 . The existence of hypoproteinemia in patients with gastric cancer has once again been observed.
2. The intractability of this type of hypoproteinemia in the postoperative phase to treatment with high protein diets and in the presence of positive nitrogen balance has been demonstrated.
3. Long-term studies in two patients, for 28 and 108 days respectively, suggest that the persistence of hypoproteinemia in patients with gastric cancer in positive nitrogen balance is probably not due to a marked degree of depletion of tissue protein stores alone. These patients retained more protein than would have been necessary to replenish depleted tissues.
4. It seems more likely that while such patients are capable of tissue protein synthesis, they fail to shift new protein into the blood stream.
THE EFFECT OF URETHANE ON THE NUCLEAR MORPHOLOGY OF CELLS OF THE GRANULOCYTE SERIES AS OBSERVED IN MARROW CULTURES AND LEUKEMIC BLOOD
Authors: OSGOOD EDWIN E. , CHU I. T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In cultures by the marrow culture technic of human marrow and leukemic blood containing concentrations of urethane from 1:200 to 1:40,000, marked changes in the morphology of the cells of the granulocyte series were noted.
These changes were not noted in the control nor in duplicate cultures containing the methyl-bis (B-chloroethyl) amine hydrochloride form of nitrogen mustard in concentrations from 1:500,000 to 1:40,000,000, nor were they noted in previous studies of cultures containing colchicine or exposed to 200 kilovolt or million volt x-rays, neutron rays or radioactive phosphorus, nor in the bloods or marrows of patients with untreated chronic granulocytic leukemia, of healthy individuals or of persons with miscellaneous diseases.
The changes consisted of an early increase in number of normal mitoses in the progranulocytes; a steadily rising percentage of granulocytes and progranulocytes showing condensation of the chromatin in the nucleus into dense fragments separated by clear spaces; a progressive increase in the number of cells of the granulocyte series with double nuclei, affecting all cells from the progranulocytes to the neutrophil lobocytes but appearing to be most numerous in the granulocyte stage; and the appearance in the cultures by 4 to 5 days of cells containing separated fragments of structureless material staining like basichromatin, which probably represents a karyorrhexis of the nucleus.
Note: Nothing in this article is to be construed as a recommendation of urethane for the clinical treatment of leukemias. While many years must elapse before its place in therapy can be evaluated, it does seem worthwhile to give urethane a trial for metastatic malignant tumors. Our present impression is that either radioactive phosphorus or total body irradiation with x-rays given in small regularly spaced doses is far superior to urethane in the treatment of leukemias.17 When the cells become resistant to radiation therapy, urethane may be worthy of a trial.
LIVER EXTRACT REFRACTORY MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
Authors: MUELLER JOHN F. , HAWKINS V. R. , VILTER RICHARD W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1 . The patient described in this report had macrocytic anemia, megaloblastic maturation arrest in the bone marrow, glossitis, hyper-reflexia and diminished vibration perception in the feet. None of these abnormalities was improved by liver extract or vitamin B12 but all responded rapidly to folic acid except the neurologic signs.
2. This patient appears to have had a megaloblastic anemia which has been described in European clinics under the names "achrestic anemia" and "refractory megaloblastic anemia." It appears to be similar to "Wills" factor deficiency anemia" and some cases of pernicious anemia of pregnancy.
3. This patient did not appear to have a primary deficiency of folic acid since the excretion of this substance in the urine was within normal limits. A deficiency of an unknown factor probably equivalent to "the Wills’ factor" is suggested.
4. It seems likely that folic acid induced a remission in this case by a "mass action" effect. The possible relationship of folic acid, vitamin B12, the unknown factor and liver extract to nucleo-protein synthesis is discussed.
ACQUIRED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Authors: EVANS ROBERT S. , DUANE ROSE T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Observations of 11 patients with acquired hemolytic anemia are reported.
2. In contrast to patients with congenital hemolytic jaundice, all patients in this group exhibited evidence of sensitization of their erythrocytes by an antibody-like agent. In all patients studied there was abnormal destruction of transfused cells in vivo.
3. The sensitizing agent was found to be adsorbed on the erythrocytes when it could not be demonstrated in the serum. A rough method of assay of the amount adsorbed was devised by making serial dilutions of the anti-globulin serum. With this technic a fairly consistent correlation was found between the amount of antibody on the cell and activity of the disease.
4. Splenectomy when successful appears to exert a curative effect by sharply reducing the amount of antibody substance on the cell. Patients who had not responded to splenectomy in the past showed evidence of saturation of their cells with adsorbed antibody. The erythrocytes of patients who had responded to splenectomy and were in remission when studied showed distinctly less antibody on the cell by the same technique.
5. Two patients were observed to enter spontaneous remission after a long period of activity. The onset of remission in both was associated with a decrease in the amount of adsorbed immune body. However, one patient has shown evidence of return of antibody production without immediate recurrence of the hemolytic anemia. This inconsistency is not explained.
6. The tendency toward spherocytosis as measured by increased osmotic fragility may or may not be present in acquired hemolytic anemia. Prior to splenectomy the most marked increase in hypotonic fragility was observed in the patient with the most active disease. Continued activity of the disease following splenectomy was productive of the most extreme increases in spherocytosis. This suggests that the spherocytic cells are removed from the circulation by the spleen.
7. Agglutination of red cells when the amount of adsorbed antibody reaches a critical level, together with such other phenomenon as stasis, spherocytosis, increased mechanical fragility and possibly phagocytosis probably explain the increased cell destruction.
8. The occurrence of definite and sustained leukopenia with neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in several patients with hemolytic disease due to an immune body agent raises questions as to the etiology of classic thrombocytopenic purpura and of splenic neutropenia. Patients have been observed who seem to represent transition forms between acquired hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura. Abnormal immune mechanisms could account for both excessive destruction of platelets and deficient formation.
FAMILIAL PANMYELOPHTHISIS
Authors: ROHR KARL 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An account is given of a similar and hitherto unknown clinical-hematologic syndrome in two adult brothers with marked hemorrhagic diathesis, diffuse pigmentation of the skin, violent pain in the bones and panhemocytopenia. In the younger brother, there is also a certain degree of infantilism. The elder brother died with all the symptoms of an intensive aplastic anemia; in the younger brother, the condition was stabilized after splenectomy. The blood picture in both patients was characterized by a hyperchromic anemia with remarkable micro- and macrocytosis, and an increased number of reticulocytes. In the younger brother, increased fragility of the red blood cells and an elevated serum iron content were observed. In both cases, an unusual increase of the plasmocytic and reticular cells and of the tissue mast cells was noticed in the bone marrow and, in the final stages of the disease, the marrow showed marked fibrosis.
The disease is believed to be a variety, in adults, of the syndrome first described by Fanconi as a constitutional panmyelopathy occurring in children. The illness is the result of a hereditary pathologic reaction of the reticulo-histiocytic system and seems to have been caused by an anaphylactic-allergic phenomenon. The possibility is discussed that genetic connections may exist between this condition and other diseases, such as certain osteoscleroses and Cooley’s anemia, which are characterized by simultaneous disturbances of the bone and bone marrow and by a similar blood morphology.
Cytogenetic studies in a patient with acute granulocytic leukemia of seven and one-half years duration
Authors: Littlefield LG , Vodopick HA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
During a 7 1/2-yr period we monitored a chromosomally aberrant cell line in a woman with acute granulocytic leukemia (AGL) whose disease followed a rather unusual course. Her initial remission induced with 6- mercaptopurine (6-MP) and prednisone was maintained for 52 mo with biweekly doses of methotrexate (MTX) given orally. Because signs of liver dysfunction occurred, maintenance therapy was stopped. After 15 mo without chemotherapy, she suffered her first relapse (5 yr 7 mo after the initial diagnosis). A second remission, again induced with 6- MP and prednisone, was maintained for 1 yr, after which a second relapse occurred. Another remission lasting for only 4 mo was followed by a relapse of the leukemic process which led to her death. Cytogenetic studies of marrow cells and peripheral blood at the time of her initial diagnosis showed abnormal stem lines with characteristic chromosome markers. A small percentage of malignant cells bearing these markers persisted in her marrow during the years of her prolonged remission. At the time of her first relapse, 75% of her marrow cells had the marker karyotype, and at the time of her death (7 1/2 yr after the leukemia was diagnosed) all analyzable marrow metaphases had the characteristic chromosome changes.
Autologous bone marrow transplantation in high-risk remission B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia using a cocktail of three monoclonal antibodies (BA-1/CD24, BA-2/CD9, and BA-3/CD10) plus complement and 4- hydroperoxycyclophosphamide for ex vivo bone marrow purging
Authors: Uckun FM , Kersey JH , Haake R , Weisdorf D , Ramsay NK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Fourteen patients with high-risk B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in complete remission underwent autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using a combined immunochemopurging protocol. A monoclonal antibody (MoAb) cocktail of BA-1, BA-2, and BA-3 plus rabbit complement (C′) plus 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) was used to eliminate residual occult leukemia cells from autografts. All patients were conditioned with single-dose total body irradiation (TBI) followed by high-dose Ara-C. All 14 patients engrafted at a median of 24 days (range, 12 to 36 days). Three patients are alive and disease free at 3.5 years, 3.9 years, and 4.1 years post-BMT. The Kaplan-Meiser estimate and standard error of the probability of sustained remission was 23% +/- 12% at 3.5 years post-BMT with a mean relapse-free interval of 1.4 +/- 0.4 years. The disease-free survival (DFS) at 3.5 years was 21% +/- 11%, with a mean DFS time of 1.3 +/- 0.4 years. A novel and quantitative minimal residual disease (MRD) detection assay, which combines fluorescence-activated multiparameter flow cytometry and cell sorting with leukemic progenitor cell (LPC) colony assays, was used to analyze remission BM samples from B-lineage ALL patients for residual LPC, and to evaluate the efficacy of ex vivo BM purging. Notably, the minimal residual leukemia burden before BMT, as measured by the percentage of B-lineage LPC in the pre-BMT remission BM samples, indicated the outcome of the BMT. The median value for the minimal residual leukemia burden before BMT was 0.0035% (35 LPC/10(6) mononuclear cells). The Kaplan-Meier estimates and standard errors of the probability of remaining in remission after BMT were 43% +/- 19% for patients whose BM samples contained less than or equal to 0.0035% LPC and 0% +/- 0% for patients whose BM samples contained greater than 0.0035% B-lineage LPC (P less than .05). In contrast to the minimal residual leukemia burden measured by the described MRD assay system, the percentage of blasts or TdT+ cells in the remission BM samples did not correlate with the probability of relapse. The applied purging protocol showed variable success in destroying target B-lineage LPC populations contaminating the autografts. While in some cases purging was highly effective, eliminating up to greater than or equal to 4 logs of residual B-lineage LPC, in other cases only 0.1 to 0.2 logs of B- lineage LPC were purged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS).
Stem cell factor increases colony-forming unit-spleen number in vitro in synergy with interleukin-6, and in vivo in Sl/Sld mice as a single factor
Authors: Bodine DM , Orlic D , Birkett NC , Seidel NE , Zsebo KM 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hematopoiesis is thought to be modulated by interactions of progenitor cells with hematopoietic growth factors. We have shown that colony- forming units-spleen (CFU-S) and repopulating stem cells require interleukin-3 (IL-3) to survive in vitro, and that CFU-S number and long-term repopulating ability can be increased by culture in the combination of IL-3 and IL-6. In this report, we describe the effects of stem cell factor (SCF) on CFU-S and repopulating stem cells. Injection of SCF into anemic Sl/Sld mice caused a twofold and 20-fold increase in CFU-S number in the bone marrow and spleen of treated animals, respectively. After 6 days in suspension culture, CFU-S number increased threefold in cultures supplemented with SCF and IL-6, or SCF, IL-3, and IL-6 relative to the number at day 0. The long-term repopulating ability of cells cultured in SCF, IL-3, and IL-6 was approximately sevenfold better than that of cells cultured in IL-3 or SCF. Similar experiments were performed on populations of bone marrow cells enriched for, or depleted of, CFU-S by elutriation and lineage subtraction. The combination of SCF and IL-6 increased CFU-S number approximately fourfold to eightfold in the CFU-S-enriched fraction, but had no effect on the CFU-S-depleted cells. These results show that SCF alone can increase CFU-S number in vivo, and in combination with other growth factors increases CFU-S numbers in vitro.