bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DESAIN POWER MONITORING SYSTEM USING WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Alia Diana , Nurdiansari Henna , Kurniawan Edi , Siahaan Renta Novaliana , Wiko Hilmi 
Published: December 2024

Energy is one of the most interesting topics from various aspects. The issue of energy saving is one of the most interesting researched topics. Energy management is one way to save energy. In energy management, it is necessary to monitor the power of electrical equipment to find out when and where electrical energy is being spent. Power monitoring system is designed to monitor electrical parameters such as power, current, and voltage of several household appliances. Electrical parameters on household appliances could be detected by using them. electrical parameters on household appliances and a Bylink application that can connect sensor data with android applications. By using aplication, user could monitor electrical parameters can make it easier for users to monitor electrical parameters. This prototype system, has been made, has tested and compared with the electrical parameters that exist in the specifications of household appliances. The error that occurs in this tool is 0.80% for the voltage parameter and 1.49% for the current parameter.
EXPLORATION OF THE DEVELOPING MARITIME TRANSPORTATION REGIONS OF INDONESIA
Authors: Riyadi Muhammad 
Published: December 2024

The islands in Indonesia can only be connected by sea routes between islands. Sea is not dividing, but uniting the various islands, areas and regions of Indonesia. Only through a nexus between the islands, between the beach, the unity of Indonesia can be realized. The cruise that connects the islands, was once the lifeblood of unifying the nation and the State of Indonesia. Cargo distribution is one of the biggest problems that slows down economic development in several regions, especially in eastern Indonesia. This creates a price differential between the two regions, with prices in the east being higher than in the west. In order to tackle this phenomenon, Indonesia government has launched several policies that are expected to force out economic equality for all regions especially and trigger the growth in peripheral area. The imbalance progress of regional development makes the sufficient infrastructure facility only available in western region especially in Java region. The propose of this articel is to identify government programs that are appropriate for the conditions of service gap in the sea transportation regions of Indonesia. The developing from peripheral regions, improving human quality life, and economic self-reliant becomes the foundation for the government to implement the Public Service Obligation project by issued the Sea-Toll Road program for reducing the economic disparity, inequality, and trigger the economic growth which characterized as a maritime country. However, in the implementation process, sea tollway programs face various challenges. Shipping of Short Sea Shipping (Coastal Shipping) as a backbone of national goods transportation has not realized.
TOF-SIMS Investigation on Nuclear Transmutation from Sr to Mo with Deuterium Permeation through Multi-layered Pd/CaO
Authors: Murase A. , Takahashi N. , Hibi S. , Hioki T. , Motohiro T. , Kasagi J. 
Published: December 2024

The selective nuclear transmutation from 88Sr to 96Mo reported by Iwamura et al. was investigated replacing electrochemical deposition with ion implantation for seeding 88Sr+ and replacing a quadrupole mass spectrometer with a time of flight mass spectrometer for secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) for analysis of possible transmuted products. At the surface of the Sr implanted Pd/CaO multilayer foil, Mo was clearly detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) after deuterium gas permeation. After the D2 permeation, the sample was heat treated in the air to remove S which condensed at the surface during the permeation. After the successful removal of S, Mo could be clearly detected by XPS on the surface of the 88Sr+ implanted Pd/CaO multilayer foil. The isotopic abundance ratio of the surface Mo measured by TOF-SIMS was similar to that of natural Mo. However, after the removal of the outermost surface layer with ion sputtering, the observed isotopic abundance ratio of Mo changed from that of natural Mo with an isolatedly strong peak at a mass close to 96Mo. This result duly suggests that the transmutation from 88Sr to 96Mo had took place, although the peak of m/z = 96 might be also assigned to GaAl+, Ca2O+ or CaFe+, beside 96Mo+. By further analyses of the TOF-SIMS data from the viewpoint of accurate masses, depth profiles and isotopic abundances, it was clarified that the peak of m/z = 96 was assigned to Ca2O+ originated from Pd/CaO multilayer.
Model for Electromagnetic pulsed BEC Experiments
Authors: Stringham Roger 
Published: December 2024

Sonofusion experiments, which incorporate transient Bose Einstein condensates, BEC, have recently focused on related sono- superconductivity. Cavitation jets implant high-density deuteron clusters into a target foil. Clusters are then squeezed by accelerated charges that form dense transient EM pulses. Cavitation and the associated sonoluminescence phenomena, used as a measuring tool, helps develop and explain related experimental results. Two outcomes, sonofusion and sono-superconductivity both produce D+ clusters in reactors of different geometries. MHz reactor No. 1 is driven by a disk piezo and has produced excess heat, Qx, using the foil target and other products, including 4He. The new MHz reactor No. 2 is driven by a cylindrical piezo low power with a concentric wire target with transient cluster steady state concentration near the wire surface. The target’s steady state cluster coverage may satisfy a sono-superconductivity subsurface cluster connectivity during the MHz’s 100 ns collective sonoluminescence pulse. It was anticipated that ambient sono-superconductivity was possible but so far has proved difficult to measure. Cavitation D2O bubbles in both reactors were controlled by three main parameters for the two reactors: temperature, pressure of Ar gas over D2O, and acoustic watt input; Ti, Pi, and Qa. The z-pinch jets’ contents of deuterons and electrons were implanted, with an induced picosecond transient charge separation. This charge separation produced an electromagnetic, EM, cluster compression pulse that formed a high-density BEC environment, as the EM pulse pressure overwhelmed repulsive deuteron cluster pressure for that picosecond. This model used unique attributes of the high-density transient deuterons to produce sonofusion in reactor No. 1 and sono-superconductivity in reactor No. 2 near ambient temperature. The measurements showed the presence of sonoluminescence pulses, implanted plasma, and heat pulse ejecta sites.
Effect of Forced Oxidation on Hydrogen Isotope Absorption/Adsorption Characteristics of Pd–Ni–Zr Oxide Compounds
Authors: Miyoshi Yuki , Sakoh Hideyuki , Taniike Akira , Kitamura Akira , Takahashi Akito , Seto Reiko , Fujita Yushi 
Published: December 2024

Deuterium and protium gas absorption/adsorption by 0.1-μmφ Pd powder (PP), Pd-black (PB), Pd nano-particles (∼10 nmφ) admixed with ZrO2 (PZ) and Pd·Ni binary nano-particles (∼2 nmφ) dispersed in ZrO2 holder-flakes (PNZ2B) has been examined. For the PP, the PB and the PZ samples, both the deoxidized samples and those reused without baking process showed essentially the same values of the loading ratio D(H)/Pd, the specific output energy E1 and the hydridation energy QD(H) which are consistent with the published values for bulky samples. For the as-received and oxidized samples both D(H)/Pd and E1 are increasing functions of fineness of the Pd surface, and exceeds 2.0 and 1.5 eV/atom-Pd, respectively, for the PZ sample, giving the hydridation energy larger than the published value of the surface adsorption energy of 0.5 eV for bulky Pd samples. A rather large isotope effect in the differential heat of sorption, ηD(H), has sometimes been observed in the 1a-phase characteristic of the oxygen-treated samples. The Pd0.04Ni0.29Zr0.67 oxide composite sample, PNZ2B, has unique properties: Both D(H)/[Pd·Ni] ≈ 3.0 and E1 ≈ 1.4 eV/atom- [Pd·Ni] for the as-received, the oxidized and deoxidized sample runs are very large, while QD(H) = 0.50± 0.1 eV/atom-D(H) for all cases is modest. It is inferred that the Pd atoms act as a catalyst for the hydrogen isotope absorption/adsorption of Ni at room temperature. From the fact that the No. 2 run after the forced deoxidation has essentially the same values of the absorption parameters as those of the No. 1 and No. 3 runs, it is inferred that the surface adsorption potential is made shallower in the PNZ2B sample than in Pd-based samples. The ratio ηD/ηH is sometimes greater than 1.5, which appears to be suggesting the existence of heat component of nuclear origin.
On Martin Fleischmann: An Obituary and More
Authors: Bockris J. O'M. 
Published: December 2024

After receiving a Ph.D. Degree from Imperial College, Fleischmann (F) went to work in the University of Newcastle in the U.K. and spent productive years there (metal deposition, micro-electrodes, and electrochemical extraction from mixtures metals). His reputation grew at a time (1950–1960) when electrochemistry was a popular subject for university research. British Electricity saw their chance to get a star performer down to Southampton University as professor, so they paid for a chair for a person who could attract research support and found that F could fill the job, although it was open to other candidates. Fleischmann occupied the chair for only a few years, less than had been foreseen, and retired from university life some years before it is usual. By this time he already was a Fellow of the Royal Society and also a director of the Max Planck Institute in Berlin. Fleischmann made a colleague of Stanley Pons, head of the Chemistry Department in the University in Utah. Pons (P) was of independent means and could fund research which the two of them might think out together. Fusion means coming together and F saw in electrochemistry a high performance way whereby this might be done. What they found was that the heat evolved in a particular deuterium solution when they passed current through it was larger than it should have been according to known chemical theory. In addition to this they observed some neutrons. They suggested that the extra heat was due to an unknown nuclear reaction. What was unusual about the next step was that F&P got on the McNeil–Lehrer Hour and announced that they had been the first to carry out a nuclear reaction in the cold. After a short time, the nuclear chemists of the world turned against F&P and said that their claims must be all nonsense. The anti-Fleischmann opinion expressed at meetings was so great that they decided that it would be a good thing to escape to some other country. They had a friendship with a very wealthy man, Mr. Toyota, and he had already founded some laboratories in the South of France. He offered F and P laboratory space there and they could move their operation to it free of the negative atmosphere which reigned in America. At first the news which came from the laboratory in France was good. Alas, this was not maintained and after two years they split up and P retired to live in France whilst F retired to Tisbury in the U.K. But F’s creativity would not lie down and he was soon to apply something new, Quantum Electrodynamics. He made a colleagueship with a well-known Italian physicist Preparata. However, fate was not kind to F and he discovered that he was suffering from Parkinson ’s disease. This is a slow disease but it’s incurable. However, for a couple of years F continued to attend meetings and make intelligent remarks at them. He died on 3 August 2012. Was F a brilliant theorist who did not have time to realize his true vision or had Jack the Flash, his nickname, flashed too much? The field that could have been his greatest is now called condensed matter nuclear reactions.
Final Report on Calorimetry-based Excess Heat Trials using Celani Treated NiCuMn (Constantan) Wires
Authors: El-Boher Arik , Isaacson William , Azizi Orchideh , He Jinghao , Pease Dennis , Hubler Graham 
Published: December 2024

Sensitive mass flow calorimetry was used in a series of tests to evaluate eight treated NiCuMn (Constantan) wires in a gas loading cell. The goal of this testing was to reproduce and confirm the production of excess heat when using an experimental setup similar to that demonstrated in 2013 by Dr. Francesco Celani at National Instrument’s NI week and ICCF 17. Six of the eight Constantan wires used in the SKINR tests were provided by Dr. Celani and the remaining two were obtained from Mathieu Valat. Initial tests in the series closely followed the set-up, operation, and heating protocols used by Dr. Celani with a significantly modified stainless test cell to enable the use of mass flow calorimetry. Later tests used the same modified test cell but added additional heating protocols using pulsed or highly modulated electric currents (SuperWaves) to enhance hydrogen loading and create additional thermal gradients within the Constantan wires. No excess heat was observed in a calorimeter of a sensitivity <10 mW when running either the initial or later test protocols during ∼ 200 days of testing.
Atomic Nuclei Binding Energy
Authors: Hatt Philippe 
Published: December 2024

In 1936 Bethe and Bacher and in 1938 Hafstad and Teller predicted that α-particle structures could be present in atomic nuclei. In the course of developing a theory of nuclear structure based on the assumption of closest packing of clusters of nucleons, Linus Pauling found that the magic numbers have a very simple structural significance. He assumed that in nuclei the nucleons may, as a first approximation, be described as occupying localized 1s orbitals to form small clusters. These small clusters, called spherons, are usually helions (i.e. α-particles), tritons and dineutrons. In nuclei containing an odd number of neutrons, an 3He cluster or a deuteron may serve as a spheron. The close-packed-spheron model differs from the conventional liquid-drop model of the nucleus in having spherons rather than nucleons as the units. This is a simplification: 154Gd, for example, is described in terms of 45 spherons, rather than 154 nucleons. This enables to determine the systematic of binding energy in a much simpler way than the approach based on individual nucleons. The authordeveloped that idea, i.e. having clusters as basic bricks within the nucleus instead of nucleons. So, the authorconsidered the binding energy of α-particle and of Deuterium, Tritium, 3He and the way these spherons are bonded instead of the bonding between individual nucleons. According to that hypothesis the nuclei of the various elements are constituted out of α-particles and other nucleons grouped in order to form sub nuclei bound together by four types of bonds called NN, NP, NNP, and NPP. Nevertheless, my purpose is not about looking for a new 3D model of atomic nucleus structure. It is the reason why the author favored an approach trying to breakdown the binding energy value of each element and its isotopes in several sub values indicated above. So, this process is considering only unidimensional binding energy values. This binding energy distribution approach in the nuclei is essential to the comprehension of LENR process.
Transmutations Involving the Di-neutron in Condensed Matter
Authors: Stevenson Cheryl D. , Davis John P. 
Published: December 2024

It has been recently revealed how a lattice bound proton, in an electrochemical cathode, can absorb a relativistic electron yielding a neutron. There is no longer much doubt that the analogous electron capture by a deuteron, in condensed matter, (e−real +1 p↑0n↑ → 0n↓0n↑ + νe) is even more efficient, where the arrows indicate nucleon spins. The life time of the newly formed di-neutron may be vanishingly short, but in the palladium deuteride matrix, we show that it is certainly sufficiently long to undergo transmutation with constituents of the matrix as well as added “impurities” to yield both isotopic and isotonic products: i.e. (0n↓0n↑ +106 Pd → 108Pd). When the agent capturing the di-neutron is 1H, tritium is the result. When it is 2H, 4He and heat are the products (the Fleishmann Pons Heat Effect). Consistent with the tendency of di-neutrons to cluster, multiple di-neutrons are occasionally captured yielding neutron heavy nuclei. This is followed by beta decay and the respective isotonic products. We show that, within the PdD matrix, these di-neutron reactions involve phonon enforced quantum tunneling. The di-neutron-phonon mech- anism fully accounts for the following: (1) the evolved heat commensurate with 4He production, (2) the production of tritium when small amounts of 1H are present, (3) the release of feeble neutrons, (4) the formation of Pr when Cs is present, (5) the ostensive intermittent reproducibility and erratic (chaotic) heat out-puts, and (6) the seemingly major problem of obfuscating the Coulombic repulsion issue. Indeed, the antics of the di-neutron can fully explain the important aspects of normal temperature LENR heat effects and transmutations. Further, the di-neutron paradigm (mechanism) falls within the normal bounds of the Standard Model, and it is without the necessity of exotic forms of matter.
Remark on Lehnert’s Revised Quantum Electrodynamics (RQED) as an Alternative to Francesco Celani’s et al. Maxwell–Clifford Equations: With an Outline of Chiral Cosmology Model and its Role to CMNS
Authors: Christianto Victor , Smarandache Florentin , Umniyati Yunita 
Published: December 2024

In a recent paper published in JCMNS in 2017, Francesco Celani, Di Tommaso and Vassalo argued that Maxwell equations rewritten in Clifford algebra are sufficient to describe the electron and also ultra-dense deuterium reaction process proposed by Homlid et al. Apparently, Celani et al. believed that their Maxwell–Clifford equations are an excellent candidate to surpass both Classical Electromagnetic and Zitterbewegung QM. Meanwhile, in a series of papers, Bo Lehnert proposed a novel and revised version of Quantum Electrodynamics (RQED) based on Proca equations. Therefore, in this paper, we gave an outline of Lehnert’s RQED, as an alternative framework to Celani et al Zitterbewegung-Classical EM. Moreover, in a rather old paper, Mario Liu described hydrodynamic Maxwell equations. While he also discussed potential implications of these new approaches to superconductors, such a discussion of electrodynamics of superconductors is made only after Tajmar’s paper. Therefore, in this paper we present for the first time a derivation of fluidic Maxwell–Proca equations. The name of fluidic Maxwell–Proca is proposed because the equations were based on modifying Maxwell–Proca and Hirsch’s theory of electrodynamics of superconductors. It is hoped that this paper may stimulate further investigations and experiments in superconductors It may be expected to have some impact to cosmology modeling too, for instance we consider a hypothetical argument that the photon mass can be the origin of gravitation. Then, after combining with the so-called chiral modification of Maxwell equations (after Spröessig), we consider chiral Maxwell–Proca equations as a possible alternative of gravitation theory. Such a hypothesis has never considered in the literature to the best of our knowledge. In the last section, we discuss the plausible role of chiral Maxwell–Proca (RQED) in CMNS process. It is hoped that this paper may stimulate further investigations and experiments in particular for elucidating the physics of LENR and UDD reaction from classical electromagnetics.
Atomic Nuclei Binding Energy: Case of 26Fe Isotopes
Authors: Hatt Philippe 
Published: December 2024

In 1936. Bethe and Bacher and in 1938 Hafstad and Teller predicted that αparticle structures could be present in atomic nuclei. In the course of developing a theory of nuclear structure based on the assumption that clusters of nucleons are packed as closely together as possible, Linus Pauling found that the magic numbers have a very simple structural significance. He assumed that in nuclei the nucleons may, as a first approximation, be described as occupying localized 1s orbitals to form small clusters. These small clusters, called spherons, are usually helions (i.e. α particles), tritons and dineutrons. In nuclei containing an odd number of neutrons, a 3He cluster or a deuteron may serve as a spheron. The close-packed-spheron model differs from the conventional liquid-drop model of the nucleus in having spherons rather than nucleons as the units. This is a simplification: 154Gd, for example, is described in terms of 45 spherons, rather than 154 nucleons. This enables one to determine the systematic of binding energy in a much simpler way than the approach based on individual nucleons. The author developed that idea, i.e. having clusters as basic bricks within the nucleus instead of nucleons. He considered the binding energy of α particle, deuterium, tritium, 3He, and the way these spherons are bonded instead of the bonding between individual nucleons. According to that hypothesis the nuclei of the various isotopes of each element are constituted out of α particles and other nucleons grouped in order to form sub-nuclei bound together by four types of bonds called NN, NP, NNP and NPP. So, the author favored an approach trying to breakdown the binding energy value of each element isotope in the sub-values indicated above. That binding energy distribution approach in the nuclei is essential to the comprehension of LENR process.
Is the Nuclear Active Environment a Metals–Silicon–Boron–D2 Alloy Enabling a Three-body Recombination between Deuteron and the Nuclei of D2?
Authors: Engvild Kjeld C. 
Published: December 2024

The Nuclear Active Environment (NAE) could be a site where three deuterons interact, e.g. a D2 molecule and a deuteron, where the deuteron is pushed in between the two D nuclei, and form a hypothetical Efimov-like triple D state. Three-boson (Efimov) interactions can have a longer range than two-boson interactions. Two nuclei fuse to helium and the third is ejected in a three body recombination. In rare cases the result is tritium and helium-3. The NAE might be a semiconductor like silicon, known to incorporate hydrogen molecules. The NAE could perhaps be a compound like MoS2, known as a possible substitute for platinum in electrolytic hydrogen evolution. The NAE might also be an alloy of metals with boron and silicon allowing occlusion of D2 molecules sitting in a tight vice in a narrow lattice. Or the NAE might be palladium oxide/nickel oxide, which are hydrogenating catalysts. Or it might be a chemical compound such as silicon boride and titanium carbide where D2 could sit in vacancies. A triple D might interact with lattice atoms according to the scheme mMen+ (3D) → m+2Men+1 + He, which might lead to the formation of radioactive isotopes.