bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of large macular hole surgery using an internal limiting membrane insertion versus inverted flap technique
Authors: Park Jong Ho , Lee Seung Min , Park Sung Who , Lee Ji Eun , Byon Ik Soo 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundTo determine whether the internal limiting membrane (ILM) insertion technique is as effective as the inverted ILM flap technique for the initial surgical treatment of eyes with large idiopathic macular holes (MHs).MethodsThis retrospective, non-randomised, comparative clinical study included 41 eyes with large MHs (minimum diameter >500 µm) that were treated using the ILM insertion technique or the inverted ILM flap technique. The hole closure rate, postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and swept source optical coherence tomography findings were analysed at 6 months after surgery.ResultsThere were 15 and 26 eyes in the insertion and inverted flap groups, respectively. Hole closure was achieved in all eyes. The mean final BCVA was better in the inverted flap group than in the insertion group (0.527 vs 0.773, p=0.006), although significant postoperative improvements were observed in both groups (p<0.001). Postoperative foveal discolouration was more common in the insertion group than in the inverted flap group (86.7% vs 7.7%, p<0.001). Complete resolution of ellipsoid zone and external limiting membrane defects was observed in 7 and 18 eyes, respectively, in the inverted flap group; in contrast, complete resolution was not observed in any of the eyes in the insertion group (p=0.035 and p<0.001, respectively).ConclusionThe ILM insertion technique may be as effective as the inverted ILM flap technique for the closure of large MHs. However, the latter technique results in better recovery of photoreceptor layers and, consequently, better postoperative visual acuity.
Assessing the response of hen weight, body composition, feather score, egg quality, and level of excreta nitrogen content to digestible balanced protein intake of laying hens
Authors: Kumar D. , Raginski C. , Schwean-Lardner K. , Classen H.L. 
Published: April 2018

Ideally balanced dietary protein is critical for laying hen egg production and feed efficiency, but also affects other important characteristics. This research was designed to study the nonegg production and feed intake response of Lohmann-LSL Lite hens to 550, 625, 700, 775, and 850 mg d−1 of amino acid balanced digestible lysine (Dlys) from 27 to 66 wk of age. Data collection included hen weight (HW), feather scoring, tissue weights, egg specific gravity, egg component weights, and excreta nitrogen (N) content. The experiment was a completely randomized design and level of significance was fixed at P ≤ 0.05. Hen weight (quadratic, Q), pectoralis muscle (absolute, % – Q), and abdominal fat (absolute – linear, L; % – Q) increased with increasing Dlys intake. Although gastrointestinal segment weights and lengths were affected by Dlys intake, interpretation of results was confounded by other aspects of diet composition. Hen feather score (L) and excreta N content (Q) increased, and egg shell quality (L) decreased with increasing Dlys intake. Absolute egg component weights increased with Dlys intake, but effects on proportional weights were Q and relatively minor. In conclusion, balanced Dlys intake affected a variety of practical nonproduction characteristics in laying hens.
Study of rare nuclear processes with CUORE
Authors: Alduino C. , Alfonso K. , Avignone F. T. , Azzolini O. , Bari G. , Bellini F. , Benato G. , Bersani A. , Biassoni M. , Branca A. , Brofferio C. , Bucci C. , Camacho A. , Caminata A. , Canonica L. , Cao X. G. , Capelli S. , Cappelli L. , Cardani L. , Carniti P. , Casali N. , Cassina L. , Chiesa D. , Chott N. , Clemenza M. , Copello S. , Cosmelli C. , Cremonesi O. , Creswick R. J. , Cushman J. S. , D’Addabbo A. , D’Aguanno D. , Dafinei I. , Davis C. J. , Dell’Oro S. , Deninno M. M. , Di Domizio S. , Di Vacri M. L. , Dompè V. , Drobizhev A. , Fang D. Q. , Faverzani M. , Ferri E. , Ferroni F. , Fiorini E. , Franceschi M. A. , Freedman S. J. , Fujikawa B. K. , Giachero A. , Gironi L. , Giuliani A. , Gladstone L. , Gorla P. , Gotti C. , Gutierrez T. D. , Han K. , Heeger K. M. , Hennings-Yeomans R. , Huang H. Z. , Keppel G. , Kolomensky Yu. G. , Leder A. , Ligi C. , Lim K. E. , Ma Y. G. , Marini L. , Martinez M. , Maruyama R. H. , Mei Y. , Moggi N. , Morganti S. , Nagorny S. S. , Napolitano T. , Nastasi M. , Nones C. , Norman E. B. , Novati V. , Nucciotti A. , Nutini I. , O’Donnell T. , Ouellet J. L. , Pagliarone C. E. , Pallavicini M. , Palmieri V. , Pattavina L. , Pavan M. , Pessina G. , Pira C. , Pirro S. , Pozzi S. , Previtali E. , Reindl F. , Rosenfeld C. , Rusconi C. , Sakai M. , Sangiorgio S. , Santone D. , Schmidt B. , Schmidt J. , Scielzo N. D. , Singh V. , Sisti M. , Taffarello L. , Terranova F. , Tomei C. , Vignati M. , Wagaarachchi S. L. , Wang B. S. , Wang H. W. , Welliver B. , Wilson J. , Wilson K. , Winslow L. A. , Wise T. , Zanotti L. , Zhang G. Q. , Zimmermann S. , Zucchelli S. 
Published: April 2018

TeO2 bolometers have been used for many years to search for neutrinoless double beta decay in [Formula: see text]Te. CUORE, a tonne-scale TeO2 detector array, recently published the most sensitive limit on the half-life, [Formula: see text] yr, which corresponds to an upper bound of 140–400 meV on the effective Majorana mass of the neutrino. While it makes CUORE a world-leading experiment looking for neutrinoless double beta decay, it is not the only study that CUORE will contribute to in the field of nuclear and particle physics. As already done over the years with many small-scale experiments, CUORE will investigate both rare decays (such as the two-neutrino double beta decay of [Formula: see text]Te and the hypothesized electron capture in [Formula: see text]Te), and rare processes (e.g. dark matter and axion interactions). This paper describes some of the achievements of past experiments that used TeO2 bolometers, and perspectives for CUORE.
Downregulation of Membrane Trafficking Proteins and Lactate Conditioning Determine Loss of Dendritic Cell Function in Lung Cancer
Authors: Caronni Nicoletta , Simoncello Francesca , Stafetta Francesca , Guarnaccia Corrado , Ruiz-Moreno Juan Sebastian , Opitz Bastian , Galli Thierry , Proux-Gillardeaux Veronique , Benvenuti Federica 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Restoring antigen presentation for efficient and durable activation of tumor-specific CD8+ T-cell responses is pivotal to immunotherapy, yet the mechanisms that cause subversion of dendritic cell (DC) functions are not entirely understood, limiting the development of targeted approaches. In this study, we show that bona fide DCs resident in lung tumor tissues or DCs exposed to factors derived from whole lung tumors become refractory to endosomal and cytosolic sensor stimulation and fail to secrete IL12 and IFNI. Tumor-conditioned DC exhibited downregulation of the SNARE VAMP3, a regulator of endosomes trafficking critical for cross-presentation of tumor antigens and DC-mediated tumor rejection. Dissection of cell-extrinsic suppressive pathways identified lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment as sufficient to inhibit type-I IFN downstream of TLR3 and STING. DC conditioning by lactate also impacted adaptive function, accelerating antigen degradation and impairing cross-presentation. Importantly, DCs conditioned by lactate failed to prime antitumor responses in vivo. These findings provide a new mechanistic viewpoint to the concept of DC suppression and hold potential for future therapeutic approaches.
Significance: These findings provide insight into the cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic mechanisms that cause loss of presentation of tumor-specific antigens in lung cancer tissues. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1685–99. ©2018 AACR.
Network Modeling of microRNA–mRNA Interactions in Neuroblastoma Tumorigenesis Identifies miR-204 as a Direct Inhibitor of MYCN
Authors: Ooi Chi Yan , Carter Daniel R. , Liu Bing , Mayoh Chelsea , Beckers Anneleen , Lalwani Amit , Nagy Zsuzsanna , De Brouwer Sara , Decaesteker Bieke , Hung Tzong-Tyng , Norris Murray D. , Haber Michelle , Liu Tao , De Preter Katleen , Speleman Frank , Cheung Belamy B. , Marshall Glenn M. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer of the sympathetic nervous system where MYCN amplification is a key indicator of poor prognosis. However, mechanisms by which MYCN promotes neuroblastoma tumorigenesis are not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed global miRNA and mRNA expression profiles of tissues at different stages of tumorigenesis from TH-MYCN transgenic mice, a model of MYCN-driven neuroblastoma. On the basis of a Bayesian learning network model in which we compared pretumor ganglia from TH-MYCN+/+ mice to age-matched wild-type controls, we devised a predicted miRNA–mRNA interaction network. Among the miRNA–mRNA interactions operating during human neuroblastoma tumorigenesis, we identified miR-204 as a tumor suppressor miRNA that inhibited a subnetwork of oncogenes strongly associated with MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma and poor patient outcome. MYCN bound to the miR-204 promoter and repressed miR-204 transcription. Conversely, miR-204 directly bound MYCN mRNA and repressed MYCN expression. miR-204 overexpression significantly inhibited neuroblastoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. Together, these findings identify novel tumorigenic miRNA gene networks and miR-204 as a tumor suppressor that regulates MYCN expression in neuroblastoma tumorigenesis.
Significance: Network modeling of miRNA–mRNA regulatory interactions in a mouse model of neuroblastoma identifies miR-204 as a tumor suppressor and negative regulator of MYCN. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3122–34. ©2018 AACR.
The Need for Neddylation: A Key to Achieving NED in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Yang Jessica , Hamid Omid , Carvajal Richard D. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The ability of uveal melanoma cells to enter and exit dormancy plays a fundamental role in the development of metastatic disease. Neddylation blockade is a promising strategy to prolong tumor dormancy via impaired angiogenesis and prevent the establishment of metastases via elimination of cancer stem-like cells. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3477–9. ©2018 AACR.
See related article by Jin et al., p. 3741
SKLB-23bb, A HDAC6-Selective Inhibitor, Exhibits Superior and Broad-Spectrum Antitumor Activity via Additionally Targeting Microtubules
Authors: Wang Fang , Zheng Li , Yi Yuyao , Yang Zhuang , Qiu Qiang , Wang Xiaoyan , Yan Wei , Bai Peng , Yang Jianhong , Li Dan , Pei Heying , Niu Ting , Ye Haoyu , Nie Chunlai , Hu Yiguo , Yang Shengyong , Wei Yuquan , Chen Lijuan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOur previous study reported that SKLB-23bb, an orally bioavailable HDAC6-selective inhibitor, exhibited superior antitumor efficiency both in vitro and in vivo in comparison with ACY1215, a HDAC6-selective inhibitor recently in phase II clinical trial. This study focused on the mechanism related to the activity of SKLB-23bb. We discovered that despite having HDAC6-selective inhibition equal to ACY1215, SKLB-23bb showed cytotoxic effects against a panel of solid and hematologic tumor cell lines at the low submicromolar level. Interestingly, in contrast to the reported HDAC6-selective inhibitors, SKLB-23bb was more efficient against solid tumor cells. Utilizing HDAC6 stably knockout cell lines constructed by CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing, we illustrated that SKLB-23bb could remain cytotoxic independent of HDAC6 status. Investigation of the mechanism confirmed that SKLB-23bb exerted its cytotoxic activity by additionally targeting microtubules. SKLB-23bb could bind to the colchicine site in β-tubulin and act as a microtubule polymerization inhibitor. Consistent with its microtubule-disrupting ability, SKLB-23bb also blocked tumor cell cycle at G2–M phase and triggered cellular apoptosis. In solid tumor xenografts, oral administration of SKLB-23bb efficiently inhibited tumor growth. These results suggested that SKLB-23bb was an orally bioavailable HDAC6 and microtubule dual targeting agent. The microtubule targeting profile enhanced the antitumor activity and expanded the antitumor spectrum of SKLB-23bb, thus breaking through the limitation of HDAC6 inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(4); 763–75. ©2018 AACR.
Association of Cancer Cell Type and Extracellular Vesicles With Coagulopathy in Patients With Lung Cancer and Stroke
Authors: Chung Jong-Won , Cho Yeon Hee , Ahn Myung-Ju , Lee Mi Ji , Kim Gyeong-Moon , Chung Chin-Sang , Bang Oh Young 
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose—
Coagulopathy is an important cause of stroke in cancer patients. However, underlying mechanisms and clinical factors related to coagulopathy remain unclear. We hypothesized that certain characteristics of cancer affect coagulopathy in patients with lung cancer and ischemic stroke.

Methods—
Consecutive patients with active lung cancer and acute ischemic stroke were prospectively studied. Volume and pattern of acute brain infarcts and plasma levels of circulating tumor extracellular vesicles (EVs) were measured using flow cytometry. In vitro experiments investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cancer-associated coagulopathy.

Results—
Of 114 patients, 95 (83.3%) had an adenocarcinoma cell type and 95 (83.3%) had distant metastasis. Acute brain infarct volumes were larger and circulating EV levels were higher in patients with an adenocarcinoma cell type than in those with other cell types. The presence of metastasis was not associated with infarct volume or circulating EV levels. Coagulation assays demonstrated dose-dependent shorter clotting times after treatment with EVs from adenocarcinoma cell lines than with the use of EVs from squamous cell carcinoma. These findings were confirmed by coagulation assays using circulating EVs from patients with adenocarcinoma and stroke and from those with conventional stroke mechanisms.

Conclusions—
Our findings indicate that cancer cell type is associated with circulating EV levels and coagulopathy in patients with lung cancer and stroke.
Earth Observations from DSCOVR EPIC Instrument
Authors: Marshak Alexander , Herman Jay , Adam Szabo , Karin Blank , Carn Simon , Cede Alexander , Geogdzhayev Igor , Huang Dong , Huang Liang-Kang , Knyazikhin Yuri , Kowalewski Matthew , Krotkov Nickolay , Lyapustin Alexei , McPeters Richard , Meyer Kerry G. , Torres Omar , Yang Yuekui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) spacecraft was launched on 11 February 2015 and in June 2015 achieved its orbit at the first Lagrange point (L1), 1.5 million km from Earth toward the sun. There are two National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth-observing instruments on board: the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR). The purpose of this paper is to describe various capabilities of the DSCOVR EPIC instrument. EPIC views the entire sunlit Earth from sunrise to sunset at the backscattering direction (scattering angles between 168.5° and 175.5°) with 10 narrowband filters: 317, 325, 340, 388, 443, 552, 680, 688, 764, and 779 nm. We discuss a number of preprocessing steps necessary for EPIC calibration including the geolocation algorithm and the radiometric calibration for each wavelength channel in terms of EPIC counts per second for conversion to reflectance units. The principal EPIC products are total ozone (O3) amount, scene reflectivity, erythemal irradiance, ultraviolet (UV) aerosol properties, sulfur dioxide (SO2) for volcanic eruptions, surface spectral reflectance, vegetation properties, and cloud products including cloud height. Finally, we describe the observation of horizontally oriented ice crystals in clouds and the unexpected use of the O2 B-band absorption for vegetation properties.
Nonuniform Time-Lag Effects of Asymmetric Warming on Net Primary Productivity across Global Terrestrial Biomes
Authors: Wen Youyue , Liu Xiaoping , Du Guoming 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Climate warming exhibits asymmetric patterns over a diel time, with the trend of nighttime warming exceeding that of daytime warming, a phenomenon commonly known as asymmetric warming. Recently, increasing studies have documented the significant instantaneous impacts of asymmetric warming on terrestrial vegetation growth, but the indirect effects of asymmetric warming carrying over vegetation growth (referred to here as time-lag effects) remain unknown. Here, we quantitatively studied the time-lag effects (within 1 year) of asymmetric warming on global plant biomes by using terrestrial vegetation net primary production (NPP) derived by the Carnegie–Ames–Stanford Approach (CASA) model and accumulated daytime and nighttime temperature (ATmax and ATmin) from 1982 to 2013. Partial correlation and time-lag analyses were conducted at a monthly scale to obtain the partial correlation coefficients between NPP and ATmax/ATmin and the lagged durations of NPP responses to ATmax/ATmin. The results showed that (i) asymmetric warming has nonuniform time-lag effects on single plant biomes, and distinguishing correlations exist in different vegetation biomes’ associations to asymmetric warming; (ii) terrestrial biomes respond to ATmax (4.63 ± 3.92 months) with a shorter protracted duration than to ATmin (6.06 ± 4.27 months); (iii) forest biomes exhibit longer prolonged duration in responding to asymmetric warming than nonforest biomes do; (iv) mosses and lichens (Mosses), evergreen needleleaf forests (ENF), deciduous needleleaf forests (DNF), and mixed forests (MF) tend to positively correlate with ATmax, whereas the other biomes associate with ATmax with near-equal splits of positive and negative correlation; and (v) ATmin has a predominantly positive influence on terrestrial biomes, except for Mosses and DNF. This study provides a new perspective on terrestrial ecosystem responses to asymmetric warming and highlights the importance of including such nonuniform time-lag effects into currently used terrestrial ecosystem models during future investigations of vegetation–climate interactions.
Observed Boundary Layer Controls on Shallow Cumulus at the ARM Southern Great Plains Site
Authors: Lareau Neil P. , Zhang Yunyan , Klein Stephen A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The boundary layer controls on shallow cumulus (ShCu) convection are examined using a suite of remote and in situ sensors at ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP). A key instrument in the study is a Doppler lidar that measures vertical velocity in the CBL and along cloud base. Using a sample of 138 ShCu days, the composite structure of the ShCu CBL is examined, revealing increased vertical velocity (VV) variance during periods of medium cloud cover and higher VV skewness on ShCu days than on clear-sky days. The subcloud circulations of 1791 individual cumuli are also examined. From these data, we show that cloud-base updrafts, normalized by convective velocity, vary as a function of updraft width normalized by CBL depth. It is also found that 63% of clouds have positive cloud-base mass flux and are linked to coherent updrafts extending over the depth of the CBL. In contrast, negative mass flux clouds lack coherent subcloud updrafts. Both sets of clouds possess narrow downdrafts extending from the cloud edges into the subcloud layer. These downdrafts are also present adjacent to cloud-free updrafts, suggesting they are mechanical in origin. The cloud-base updraft data are subsequently combined with observations of convective inhibition to form dimensionless “cloud inhibition” (CI) parameters. Updraft fraction and liquid water path are shown to vary inversely with CI, a finding consistent with CIN-based closures used in convective parameterizations. However, we also demonstrate a limited link between CBL vertical velocity variance and cloud-base updrafts, suggesting that additional factors, including updraft width, are necessary predictors for cloud-base updrafts.
Extraction of Potential Energy from Geostrophic Fronts by Inertial–Symmetric Instabilities
Authors: Grisouard Nicolas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSubmesoscale oceanic density fronts are structures in geostrophic and hydrostatic balance, which are prone to inertial and/or symmetric instabilities. We argue in this article that drainage of potential energy from the geostrophic flow is a significant source of their growth. We illustrate our point with two-dimensional Boussinesq numerical simulations of oceanic density fronts on the f plane. A set of two-dimensional initial conditions covers the submesoscale portion of a three-dimensional parameter space consisting of the Richardson and Rossby numbers and a measure of stratification or latitude. Because we let the lateral density gradient decay with depth, the parameter space map is nontrivial, excluding low-Rossby, low-Richardson combinations. Dissipation and the presence of boundaries select a growing mode of inertial–symmetric instability consisting of flow cells that disturb isopycnal contours. Systematically, these isopycnal displacements correspond to a drainage of potential energy from the geostrophic fronts to the ageostrophic perturbations. In the majority of our experiments, this energy drainage is at least as important as the drainage of kinetic energy from the front. Various constraints, some physical, some numerical, make the energetics in our experiments more related to inertial rather than symmetric instabilities. Our results depend very weakly on the Richardson number and more on the Rossby number and relative stratification.
A Method to Quantify Bedform Height and Asymmetry from a Low-Mounted Sidescan Sonar
Authors: Jones Katie R. , Traykovski Peter 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRotary sidescan sonars are widely used to image the seabed given their high temporal and spatial resolution. This high resolution is necessary to resolve bedform dynamics and evolution; however, sidescan sonars do not directly measure bathymetry, limiting their utility. When sidescan sonars are mounted close to the seabed, bedforms may create acoustical “shadows” that render previous methods that invert the backscatter intensity to estimate bathymetry and are based on the assumption of a fully insonified seabed ineffective. This is especially true in coastal regions, where bedforms are common features whose large height relative to the water depth may significantly influence the surrounding flow. A method is described that utilizes sonar shadows to estimate bedform height and asymmetry. The method accounts for the periodic structure of bedform fields and the projection of the shadows onto adjacent bedforms. It is validated with bathymetric observations of wave-orbital ripples, with wavelengths ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 m, and tidally reversing megaripples, with wavelengths from 5 to 8 m. In both cases, bathymetric-measuring sonars were deployed in addition to a rotary sidescan sonar to provide a ground truth; however, the bathymetric sonars typically measure different and smaller areas than the rotary sidescan sonar. The shadow-based method and bathymetric-measuring sonar data produce estimates of bedform height that agree by 34.0% ± 27.2% for wave-orbital ripples and 16.6% ± 14.7% for megaripples. Errors for estimates of asymmetry are 1.9% ± 2.1% for wave-orbital ripples and 11.2% ± 9.6% for megaripples.