bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mulching in irrigated forage cactus promotes early harvest and improves the economic indices of the crop
Authors: da Silva Thieres George Freire , Leite Renan Matheus Cordeiro , Alves Cleber Pereira , Araújo Júnior George do Nascimento , Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz , de Souza Carlos André Alves , de Morais José Edson Florentino , de Barros Maria Madalena Lima , de Araújo Jandis Ferreira Nunes , do Nascimento Vinícius Santos , Almeida Alexsandro Claudio dos Santos , Santos Hugo Rafael Bentzen , de Brito Fred Augusto Lourêdo , de Souza Luciana Sandra Bastos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo mitigate the negative effects of climate, the use of resilient agriculture is essential. This study evaluated the impact of different levels of biotic mulch on irrigated forage cactus yield, phenology and economic indices. The ‘Orelha de Elefante Mexicana’ clone was used and subjected to four levels of biotic mulch—BM (0, 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha−1) in a randomised block design with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of growing forage cactus with 0, 5, 10 and 15 Mg ha−1 mulch. The experiment was carried out in a semi‐arid environment in Brazil (Serra Talhada, Pernambuco State) over two successive cycles (August 2020 to August 2022). The yield, cutting time, and morphophysiological, economic and water use indicators were evaluated. There was no effect of the BM level on the final forage yield. In the first experimental cycle, the treatment with 10 Mg ha−1 BM brought the cutting time forward by 103°C day. The application of 15 Mg ha−1 BM prolonged phenophase 2, causing an increase of 236°C day in the cycle compared with the treatment with 10 Mg ha−1 BM. We concluded that mulch improved crop water and economic indicators, contributing to sustainable forage production in semiarid environments.
Comparative analysis of layered curriculum and project‐based learning approaches in an oral radiological course
Authors: İçöz Derya , Çetin Bilgün , Özdemir Osman 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to compare the effectiveness of the layered curriculum method (LCM) and project‐based learning method (PBLM), on dental students in the evaluation of cysts and tumors affecting the jaws and surrounding tissues, which have an important place in dental practice.MethodsForty‐nine 3rd‐year dental students who agreed to participate in the study voluntarily were randomly divided into two groups: LCM and PBLM. Pre‐test was administered to all students. Students in the PBLM group were divided into five groups and each group was asked to complete a project within a 5‐week period and present it to their groupmates at the end of the period. Students in the LCM group were asked to choose the activities most suitable for their learning styles at each layer and to progress by being evaluated by educators in brief interviews throughout the learning process. At the end of the 5‐week training period, a post‐test and a post‐participation questionnaire were administered to students in both groups to obtain feedback. The pre‐test and post‐test results of the groups and their answers to the post‐participation questionnaire were analyzed statistically.ResultsPost‐test results were statistically higher than pre‐test results in both LCM and PBLM groups (p < 0.001). When the LCM and PBLM groups were compared, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of pre‐test and post‐test results (p > 0.05).ConclusionBoth PBLM and LCM positively contributed to pre‐graduate dental education by enhancing students' academic achievements. Students in both groups stated that their research skills, study habits, and learning motivation increased. Since both models adopt the theory of multiple intelligences, similar methods are recommended for inclusion in dental education.
Molecular Analysis of Coxsackievirus B2 Associated With Severe Symptoms of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Fratty Ilana S. , Kriger Or , Weiss Leah , Vasserman Rinat , Gabai Reut , Erster Oran , S. Zuckerman Neta , Glatman‐Freedman Aharona , Lustig Yaniv , Sofer Danit , Weil Merav 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCoxsackievirus B2 (CVB2) is a member of the enterovirus group known to induce a spectrum of illnesses, from mild to severe. In the summer of 2022, an unusual outbreak of enteroviral central nervous system (CNS) infections occurred that was attributed to CVB2. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from patients in 2015–2022 were tested for enterovirus via RT‐PCR, followed by Sanger sequencing for positive cases. CVB2 samples were further sequenced in the P1 region using NGS. A total of 30 CSF samples were identified as CVB2, with 60% of these cases occurring between June and August 2022. The 2022 CVB2 variants were associated with severe clinical symptoms, including encephalitis (50%) and ataxia (27.8%). Samples from 2015 to 2020 were also included due to the absence of these symptoms. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CVB2 strains from 2019 to 2020 were also distinct from those obtained in 2022. Amino acid analysis of the capsid proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3 identified three unique substitutions with potential antigenic significance in the 2022 variant: S67A in VP2, and T93A and E274D in VP1. These substitutions were not present in earlier strains or reported in the literature, suggesting they may influence the virus's virulence. The clinical observations from this study highlight new patterns of CVB2 infection in the CNS that had not been previously observed. Additionally, it identifies unique genetic changes in the 2022 CVB2 variant that may account for the increased virulence seen in the 2022 outbreak. However, further analysis is required to validate this assumption.
Reusable nontoxic pyrimidine‐based oleogelators: Phase selectivity and nanostructured structuring
Authors: Das Siddhartha , Khan Meheboob , Roy Aparna , Roy Sumita , Dey Surya Kanta , Choudhury Sujata Maiti 
Published: November 2024

AbstractOver the last few decades, scientists have been working hard to produce edible structural agents those can be used in food, cosmetics, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. The supramolecular assembly of simple amphiphiles in presence of edible oil is the most ideal system for this purpose because the system has no harmful health consequences. We have attempted to address the aforementioned implications in this article by synthesizing a novel class of structuring agents 2‐alkyl amino pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid amphiphiles named 2‐decylamino‐pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (DPCA), 2‐dodecylamino‐ pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (DDPCA) and 2‐tetradecylamino‐pyrimidine‐4‐carboxylic acid (TDPCA), using simple procedure. To our delight, the prepared amphiphiles self‐assemble to a gel matrix in various vegetable oils and mineral oils. Microscopic analyses were used to investigate the nanostructured morphology of molecular gels. Rheological studies revealed that oleogels are mechanically processable and viscoelastic. Temperature dependent and concentration dependent proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR) studies were performed to analyze the hydrogen bonding and π–π interactions. The study discovered that gelators act as reusable phase selective gelators (PSG) of oil in water–oil mixture. The (3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay has proven that the synthetic oleogelators are nontoxic.
The Presence of Pigment Incontinence in Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma
Authors: Mandloi Shreya , Gargano Stacey Mardekian , Duffy Alexander N. , Benedict Peter A. , Shing Samuel R. , Kahn Chase , Hannikainen Paavali , Pineda‐Reyes Juan Pablo , Bray David , Toskala Elina M. , Rabinowitz Mindy , Rosen Marc , Farrell Christopher , Evans James J. , Nyquist Gurston G. 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundRegression is an immunological phenomenon described in cutaneous melanoma whereby tumor is replaced with tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes, granulation tissue, and mature fibroblasts often accompanied by pigment incontinence (accumulation of melanin in the upper dermis). Pigment incontinence results in grossly pigmented lesions that may be mistaken for viable tumor and has not been described in sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM). This study investigates the presence of regression and pigment incontinence in patients with SNMM.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted on SNMM patients from 2007 to 2023. Pathology slides from surgical resection were examined by two pathologists blinded to treatment information for the presence and extent of pigment‐laden macrophages and other histopathologic features of regression.ResultsSeventeen patients with SNMM were included in this study who underwent surgical resection. Three patients received neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgical resection. Regression was present in 94% of patients and pigment incontinence was present in 65% of patients and occurred in both neoadjuvant treated patients and treatment naïve patients. All three patients with neoadjuvant treatment had evidence of pigment incontinence.DiscussionThis study highlights that SNMM often displays characteristics of regression. This study is one of the first to describe the presence of pigment incontinence in patients with SNMM. Pigment incontinence can be a part of the natural tumor life cycle and grossly pigmented lesions could easily be confused for melanoma especially after neoadjuvant therapy. Developing an understanding of regression and pigment incontinence within SNMM is important for diagnosis and clinical management.Level of EvidenceIV Laryngoscope, 2024
Angle‐Based Neuromorphic Wave Normal Sensing
Authors: Wang Chutian , Zhu Shuo , Zhang Pei , Wang Kaiqiang , Huang Jianqing , Lam Edmund Y. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAngle‐based wavefront sensing has a rich historical background in measuring optical aberrations. The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor is widely employed in adaptive optics systems due to its high optical efficiency and high robustness. However, simultaneously achieving high sensitivity and large dynamic range is still challenging, limiting the performance of diagnosing fast‐changing turbulence. To overcome this limitation, angle‐based neuromorphic wave normal sensing, which serves as a differentiable framework developed on the asynchronous event modality is proposed. Herein, it is illustrated that the emerging computational neuromorphic imaging paradigm enables a direct perception of a high‐dimensional wave normal from the highly efficient temporal diversity measurement. To the best of available knowledge, the proposed scheme is the first to successfully surpass the spot‐overlapping issue caused by the curvature constraint in classical angle‐based wavefront sensing setups under challenging dynamic scenarios.
Efficient and Stable Quantum‐Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes with Trilayer PIN Architecture
Authors: Wang Zhe , Yang Dawei , Zou Bingsuo , Chen Shuming , Zhang Heng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough the performance of quantum dot light‐emitting diodes (QLEDs) has been greatly improved in recent years, the multilayer device structure has become increasingly complex, limiting the practical application of QLEDs. Here, a novel trilayer PIN QLED with only three functional layers, which are Spiro‐OMeTAD:TFB bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) hole transport layer (HTL), quantum‐dot emitting layer and ZnMgO electron transport layer is demonstrated. Due to the enhanced hole injection capability and suppressed electron leakage of Spiro‐OMeTAD:TFB BHJ HTL, the trilayer PIN QLED can show an excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.1% and an impressive brightness of 299300 cd m−2 at only 8 V, which are significantly higher than those of conventional QLED. Moreover, the device stability is also remarkably improved due to the mitigation of hole accumulation and removal of unstable PEDOT:PSS. By using liquid alloy EGaIn as cathode, a fully solution‐processed vacuum‐free trilayer PIN QLED with a higher EQE of 27.3% can be further realized. The developed trilayer PIN QLEDs, with better performance and fewer functional layers, can promote the commercialization of QLED technology.
Population‐Based Survey of Urinary Incontinence, Overactive Bladder, and Other Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Five Developing Countries: Results of the BEBIC Study
Authors: Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Gomes Cristiano M. , Farhadi Fereshteh , Khan Hasina Sadia , Sadeghi‐Bazarghani Homayoun , Mourad Sherif , Dias Luiz , Alflen Maico P. , Falone Joao C. , Zargham Mahtab , Mbassi Achille Aurelien , Pourmomeny Abbasali , Alineghad Farbod , Ashayeri Hamidreza , Daneshpajooh Azar , Tayebi Sona , Salehi‐Pourmehr Hanieh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in five selected low and middle‐income countries to provide appropriate evidence for other related studies.Materials and MethodsIn this multinational population‐based cross‐sectional survey between August 2019 and April 2021, validated questionnaires were used to assess LUTS in adults over 18 years from Iran, Egypt, Bangladesh, Brazil, and Cameroon.ResultsA total of 1477 participants from five countries completed the questionnaires. The mean age of participants was 43.5 ± 15.7 years. 37.1% reported at least one episode of UI per week. UUI prevalence in different countries analysis showed that the commonest prevalence was reported in Cameron (40.0%; n = 30), while the lowest was 15.0% (n = 31) in Brazil. Stress UI was common in Iran (38.7%; n = 338), and Bangladesh had the lowest rate (7.8%; n = 16). Urinary urgency was the common LUTS among participants (59.9%, n = 818 out of 1477 participants). Nocturia was the other prevalent symptom among cases (50.6%; 748 out of 1477 cases), and this symptom had a higher rate in elderly populations. Men reported voiding and postmicturition symptoms more frequently than women. Storage symptoms except for nocturia, including frequency, urgency, and UI were common in women while voiding symptoms, including straining, and intermittency were reported more frequently in men than women.ConclusionA high prevalence of urinary symptoms was reported in low to middle‐income countries.
Multi‐scale damage analysis of filament‐wound carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites for hydrogen storage tanks under high strain rates
Authors: Shirinbayan Mohammadali , Feki Imen , Nouira Samia , Bi Robert Tie , Maeso Jean‐Baptiste , Thomas Cedric , Fitoussi Joseph 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites, specifically in the context of lightweight hydrogen storage pressure vessels manufactured by the filament winding process. The filament winding technique often introduces variability in fiber orientation and porosity which can lead to inconsistencies in mechanical properties. By investigating the influence of dynamic loading over a range of strain rates, from quasi‐static to 100 s−1, this research aims to understand the effects of different fiber orientations (±15° and ±30°) and multilayer structures on the performance of these composites. Using a custom‐designed Interrupted Dynamic Tensile Test (IDTT) apparatus, we investigated how damage mechanisms evolve during rapid tensile deformation. The results showed that porosity has a significant impact on mechanical performance, particularly at high strain rates, where cracks initiate at pores and propagate via fiber/matrix decohesion and fiber breakage. These microstructural defects contribute to mesoscopic failure mechanisms such as transverse cracking and micro‐delamination between composite layers. The mechanical properties were found to be strain rate sensitive, with visco‐damage phenomena playing a critical role in determining the damage evolution under dynamic loading. These findings provide important insights into the design and optimization of hydrogen storage vessels, highlighting the importance of controlling porosity and understanding the response of the composite to varying strain rates for improved durability and performance.Highlights
Comprehensive analysis of dynamic loading.
Influence of fiber orientation and porosity on mechanical integrity.
Visco‐damage and failure mechanisms under high strain rates.
External evaluation of neonatal vancomycin population pharmacokinetic models: Moving from first‐order equations to Bayesian‐guided therapeutic monitoring
Authors: Blouin Mathieu , Métras Marie‐Élaine , Gaudreault Camille , Dubé Marie‐Hélène , Boulanger Marie‐Christine , Cloutier Karine , El Hassani Mehdi , Yaliniz Aysenur , Viel‐Thériault Isabelle , Marsot Amélie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionGuidelines for vancomycin therapeutic monitoring recommend using a Bayesian approach with a population pharmacokinetic model to estimate the 24 h area under the concentration‐time curve over first‐order equations. Thus, we performed an external evaluation of population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin in neonates and compared Bayesian results with those observed in clinical practice via pharmacokinetic equations to improve therapeutic monitoring by proposing optimized initial dosing nomograms and assessing the feasibility of reduced blood sampling strategies using the most predictive models.MethodsModels were identified from the literature and evaluated via an external neonatal population. A priori predictive performance was first assessed by prediction‐based diagnostics, then by simulation‐based diagnostics and a posteriori analyses only if deemed satisfactory; model‐informed vancomycin exposure was also compared with reference first‐order pharmacokinetic equations. The best‐performing models were ultimately subjected to Monte Carlo simulations to develop new initial dosing nomograms offering the highest probability of achieving therapeutic target.ResultsA total of 28 population pharmacokinetic models were evaluated in the external dataset, which includes 72 neonates and 380 vancomycin concentrations. Eleven models had an adequate predictive performance with bias ≤ ± 15% and imprecision 30%, while the Bayesian approach yielded over 75% agreement with reference exposure values in most cases. Nonetheless, Capparelli et al. and Mehrotra et al. models performed the best overall, showing the lowest imprecisions of 16.8% and 16.9%, respectively; both models recommended higher dosage regimens than the theoretical nomogram currently applied to favor therapeutic target attainment.DiscussionWe externally evaluated numerous neonatal population pharmacokinetic models of vancomycin and used the most predictive ones to advocate new initial dosing nomograms. Clinical implementation of the Bayesian approach could reduce the time needed to reach therapeutic target and limit the number of blood samples in newborns compared with traditional pharmacokinetic equations.
Base Rates of Non‐Proficiency in Reading and Math: Implications for Universal Screening
Authors: Klingbeil David A. , Latham Alexander D. , Kim Jessica S. , Schmitt Madeline C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSeveral researchers have called for schools to interpret universal screening results using posterior probabilities. Following this recommendation could require schools to move away from direct‐route, single‐measure screening unless base rates of risk fall within a narrow range. In this descriptive study, we investigated two questions surrounding the feasibility of adopting a probability‐based approach in schools. First, how many districts had base rates of risk that would allow educators to classify all students using a single screener? Second, to what extent would yearly fluctuation in base rates require planned flexibility in screening procedures? We used public state test data to estimate base rates of risk for each district in Florida, Oregon, and Wisconsin across four school years. Districts' base rates of risk were rarely within the required range for a single screener to classify all students based on posterior probabilities. Many districts had base rates conducive to direct route screening in at least 1 year but very few had base rates in the required zone across the 4 years. Using posterior probabilities to make screening decisions may require more changes to existing practices than simply interpreting screening results as probabilities. Additional research to promote the use of this approach in schools is needed.
Reduction of pesticide dosage and off‐target drift with enhanced control efficacy in unmanned aerial vehicle‐based application using lecithin adjuvants
Authors: Baek Jae‐Woon , Eun Hye‐Ran , Kim So‐Hee , Lee Yoon‐Hee , Jeong Mun‐Ju , Han Xiongzhe , Min Yi‐Gi , Noh Hyun Ho , Shin Yongho 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in precision agriculture, particularly for pesticide application in rice cultivation. One challenge is off‐target pesticide drift, which raises environmental concerns and reduces pesticide efficiency. Lecithin adjuvants have been suggested to enhance droplet stability, reduce drift, and improve control efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of lecithin adjuvants in reducing pesticide drift and improving deposition during UAV‐based pesticide application under various paddy field conditions.RESULTSThe addition of 1% lecithin adjuvants in 75% dosage of tricyclazole and ferimzone dual active ingredient formulations reduced off‐target drift by 2.62 to 3.16 times compared to the 100% and 75% dosage of standard formulations, with deposition efficiency along the spray path increasing by up to 155%. Wind direction and speed were found to be the primary environmental factor affecting deposition efficiency and drift rate. The control efficacy against leaf blast disease was significantly improved, with a maximum efficacy of 73.7% observed in the adjuvant‐treated group. Initial pesticide residues on rice plants were the highest in treatments with adjuvants, but their harvest products, brown rice and dried straw, were still within safe limits for human consumption.CONCLUSIONLecithin adjuvants significantly reduce off‐target drift and enhance pesticide deposition during UAV‐based application. This method allowed for lower pesticide dosages without compromising control efficacy, contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices. These findings highlight the potential of adjuvants to improve UAV pesticide application and reduce the environmental impact of pesticide use. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Reactive Ion Etching of (−201) β‐Ga2O3 Nano‐Fins
Authors: Maciel García Glen Isaac , Khandelwal Vishal , Lu Yi , Yuvaraja Saravanan , Li Xiaohang 
Published: November 2024

This study reports the effect of inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching using a BCl3/Ar gas mixture on the sidewall taper angle (STA), etch rate, and surface morphology of (−201) β‐Ga2O3 substrates, as well as (−201)‐oriented β‐Ga2O3 films on sapphire, for nano‐fins of ≈200 nm width. Various etch parameters are systematically investigated for the β‐Ga2O3 films on sapphire, revealing that the STA is lower at high plasma density when chemical component increases, and the ion scattering decreases; achieving a STA of 1.5° ± 0.7°, accompanied by an etch rate of 114 nm min−1 and a reduction in surface roughness compared to before etching. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between the STA and the crystal orientation in the β‐Ga2O3 substrates is observed at lower plasma density, while a weak correlation is found between the STA and the crystal orientation at high plasma density. This study provides valuable insights for the fabrication of β‐Ga2O3 devices.