bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Artikulasi dengan Peta Konsep terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar IPA-Biologi Siswa (Pokok Bahasan Ekosistem Kelas VII SMPN 11 Jember Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016)
Authors: Wepe Sakalus , Suratno S , Wahono Bevo 
Published: December 2018

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe artikulasi dengan peta konsep terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa, dan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuasi eksperimen yang menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe artikulasi dengan peta konsep di kelas eksperimen dan menerapkan pembelajaran konvensional di kelas kontrol. Teknik analisis data terhadap motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar kognitif siswa yaitu dengan ANAKOVA, Independent t-test terhadap hasil belajar afektif, serta analisis korelasi Product Moment terhadap korelasi motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa. Dari hasil penelitian pada kelas eksperimen, perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa dengan nilai (p) < 0,05. Rerata selisih motivasi awal dan akhir siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi yakni sebesar 5,30 dibandingkan rerata selisih siswa kelas kontrol yakni 1,34. Penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe artikulasi dengan peta konsep terhadap hasil belajar kognitif dan afektif siswa berpengaruh secara signifikan dengan nilai probabilitas lebih kecil dari 0,05 (p=0,000<0,05). Selisih rerata pre-test dengan post-test hasil belajar kognitif siswa sebesar 16,18 pada kelas eksperimen dan sebesar 8,76 pada kelas kontrol, sedangkan rerata hasil belajar afektif pada kelas eksperimen sebesar 81,90 dan hasil belajar afektif pada kelas kontrol sebesar 59,60. Dari hasil analisis korelasi diperoleh nilai (p) < 0,05. Hasil penelitian kuasi eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe artikulasi dengan peta konsep berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa serta terdapat korelasi antara motivasi belajar dan hasil belajar siswa.

Kata Kunci: kooperatif tipe artikulasi, peta konsep, motivasi belajar, hasil belajar
Analisis Validitas Perangkat Pembelajaran Fisika Model Inkuiri Terbimbing untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa SMA pada Materi Listrik Dinamis
Authors: Budiarso Aris Singgih 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan perangkat pembelajaran fisika model inkuiri terbimbing yang efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa SMA pada materi listrik dinamis. Penelitian ini mengacu pada model pengembangan Kemp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran fisika layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran fisika SMA dengan hasil sebagai berikut: rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran mendapatkan skor 3,43 (valid), buku ajar siswa mendapatkan skor 3,30 (valid), lembar kerja siswa mendapatkan skor 3,30 (valid), tes hasil belajar kognitif siswa mendapatkan skor 3,35 (valid), lembar pengamatan psikomotor siswa mendapat skor 3,67 (sangat valid), dan lembar pengamatan afektif siswa mendapat skor 3,67 (sangat valid).

Kata Kunci : model inkuiri terbimbing, validitas perangkat pembajaran fisika.
Phenomenologi Study: Risk Factors Related to Fall Incidence in Hospitalized Pediatric Patient with Theory Faye G. Abdellah
Authors: Dewi Trisniawati , Noprianty Richa 
Published: December 2018

The incidence of the fell is one of the hospital serious problems, especially in the hospitalized patient. The number of fall incidence is one of the main indicators in patient safety and hospital quality. Qualitative study with phenomenology approach was conducted to explore factors affecting the risk of fall in pediatric patients. Four nurses consist of two team leaders and two associate nurses participated in in-depth interviews. The findings from the interviews were triangulated in some process including an interview with the head of an inpatient installation, supervisor, and patient family, participative observation, documentation of form Humpty Dumpty and operational standard prevent the risk of fall. The result data was analyzed with the content analysis method and concluded with a fish bone. Four themes emerged from the analysis: knowledge, human resources, environment, and facilitation. Bad implementation of operational standard procedure, heavy workload of a nurse with unbalance ratio between patient and nurses, the slippery floor, unfixed bedside rails, and unavailability of patient bell have a role in affecting the risk of fall. This study suggests to held fall prevention education, make a review of nurse’s workload with recalculate the ratio of patient and nurse and upgrade the hospital facilitation and environment situation.
Protocol for an App-Based Affective Control Training for Adolescents
Authors: Schweizer Susanne , Leung Jovita T. , Kievit Rogier , Speekenbrink Maarten , Tender William R. , Hampshire Adam , Blakemore Sarah-Jayne 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Background: 75% of all mental health problems have their onset before the end of adolescence. Adolescence, thus may be a particularly sensitive time period for preventing mental health problems. Affective control, the capacity to engage with goal relevant and inhibit distracting information in affective contexts, has been proposed as a potential target for prevention. In this study, we will explore the impact of improving adolescents’ affective control capacity on their mental health.
Methods: The proof-of-principle double-blind randomized controlled trial will compare the effectiveness of an app-based affective control training (AC-Training) to a placebo training (P- Training) app. 200 (~50% females) adolescents (11-19 years) will train for 14 days on their training app. The AC-Training will include three different n-back tasks: visuospatial, auditory and dual (i.e., including both modalities). These tasks require participants to flexibly engage and disengage with affective and neutral stimuli (i.e., faces and words). The P-Training will present participants with a perceptual matching task. The three versions of the P-Training tasks vary in the stimuli included (i.e., shapes, words and faces). The two training groups will be compared on gains in affective control, mental health, emotion regulation and self-regulation, immediately after training, 1 month and 1 year after training.
Discussion: If, as predicted, the proposed study finds that AC-Training successfully improves affective control in adolescents, there would be significant potential benefits to adolescent mental health. As a free app, the training would also be scalable and easy to disseminate across a wide range of settings.
Trial registration: The trial was registered on December 10 2018 with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (Registration number: ISRCTN17213032, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17213032).
Keywords: Mental health; Adolescence; Emotion regulation; Affective control; App-based training
Balancing Objectives in an Organic Oat Rotation Year: Implications of Planting Date and Crop Density
Authors: Weisberger David A. , Wiedenhoeft Mary H. , Smith Margaret A. , Liebman Matthew Z. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas

Yield, test weight, and returns over seed cost were greatest at early planting dates.
Early planting optimized forage establishment and weed suppression in one site‐year.
Increasing oat density increased yield in one site‐year, and test weight overall.
Target oat density had no effect on returns over seed cost.
Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important component of organic row crop rotations in the Upper Midwest. Our goal was to determine the effects of planting date and crop density on oat grain yield and yield components, test weight, straw yield, underseeded alfalfa and ambient weed biomass, and returns over seed cost. We conducted an experiment on certified organic farmland on an agricultural experiment station near Boone, IA, USA, over 2 yr. A randomized complete block split‐plot design was used to test effects of planting date (6, 17, and 28 Apr. 2015, 22 Mar. 2016, 4 and 15 Apr. 2016) as whole plot and target crop density (161, 236, 312, and 386 plants m–2) as subplot. Planting date had the greatest effect on response variables. Yields decreased by 33 and 9%, respectively, over 2015 and 2016 planting periods. Delayed planting decreased test weight in both site‐years. Alfalfa biomass decreased and weed biomass increased (as a function of delayed planting) in 2016, but had no effect in 2015. Increasing oat density had a positive linear effect on grain yield and test weight, and no effect on alfalfa biomass in both site‐years. Increasing oat density had a negative effect on weed biomass in 2016 and no effect in 2015. Returns over seed cost did not differ among our density treatments in both site‐years. Our results highlight potential no‐cost improvements that can be made to organic oat management to improve grain yield and quality, without negatively impacting forage establishment or weed suppression.
Soft Red and White Winter Wheat Response to Input‐Intensive Management
Authors: Quinn D. , Steinke K. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
Prophylactic input applications failed to consistently increase wheat yield and net return without the presence of yield‐limiting factors.
Traditional management significantly increased economic net return in three of four site‐years.
Producers may wish to consider integrated pest management strategies for justification of input applications.
Record grain yields and increased awareness of climate variability have more producers considering intensive (i.e., high‐input) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) management. This study investigated soft winter wheat response to several agronomic inputs across intensive and traditional (i.e., low‐input) management systems. A four site‐year trial was established at Richville and Lansing, MI during 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the following inputs: increased rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizer, urease inhibitor (UI), nitrification inhibitor (NI), fungicide, plant growth regulator (PGR), and foliar micronutrients. Across four site‐years, intensive management did not increase yield compared to traditional management. In addition, traditional management increased average economic net return by $221 ha−1. At the reduced N rate, Richville 2016 yield decreased 0.94 Mg ha−1 within the intensive system suggesting greater N demand with intensive management. Due to significant stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) occurrence, at 2016 Lansing, yield increased 0.75 Mg ha−1 when fungicide was added to the traditional system. Lansing 2017 yield decreased 0.52 Mg ha−1 when UI was removed from the intensive system, yet decreased 0.51 Mg ha−1 when UI was added to the traditional system. Heavy rainfall, lack of urea hydrolysis, and N rate likely contributed to the inconsistent UI response. The 2016 and 2017 growing seasons produced an overall absence of adverse environmental conditions which influenced negligible input responses. Although yield increases were observed, no single input increased net return. Results suggest intensive management benefits are unlikely at current wheat prices and without the presence of yield‐limiting factors.
Stream Corridor Soil Phosphorus Availability in a Forested–Agricultural Mixed Land Use Watershed
Authors: Perillo Vanesa L. , Ross Donald S. , Wemple Beverley C. , Balling Courtney , Lemieux Liza E. 
Published: December 2018

Watershed land use affects nutrient and sediment export, particularly through streambank erosion, which can add to P export and contribute to eutrophication in downstream waterbodies. We characterized P of soils from four different land uses (32 sites) along streams in the Missisquoi River basin (Vermont, USA)—silage corn (Zea mays L.), hay meadow, emergent wetlands, and forest—and their corresponding streambanks. We measured total P (TP), pH 4.8 NH4–acetate P, degree of P saturation (DPS), and soluble P. The latter three measurements were used as predictors of potential P bioavailability. Forest soils were relatively low in TP, whereas soils in corn, hay, and wetland were elevated (>1000 mg kg−1). With the exception of forests, the TP of the corresponding streambanks of each land use was statistically significantly lower than in the interior of the land use, while still higher than those in forests, suggesting a possible influence of land use on its adjacent streambank. The pH 4.8 NH4–acetate P was low in nonagricultural land uses and all streambanks of different land uses, but higher than optimum for soils in cornfields and hayfields. The DPS averaged 36% in the cornfields, but <21% in all of the streambanks. Mean soluble P was 0.14 mg kg−1 for corn‐ and hay‐associated streambanks with a DPS <10% but was as high as 3.2 mg kg−1 in the agricultural fields. The combination of low bioavailable P measurements indicates that most streambank soils are likely low contributors to P enrichment downstream. However, the elevated TP in some agricultural streambank soils suggests an accumulation of legacy P.Core Ideas
Soil P concentrations varied widely among four watershed land uses.
Agriculture and wetland streambank soils had less P than adjacent land uses.
Streambank soils from the four different land uses had low P release potential.
Gross, Background, and Net Anthropogenic Soil Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Soybean, Corn, and Wheat Croplands
Authors: Della Chiesa Tomas , Piñeiro Gervasio , Yahdjian Laura 
Published: December 2018

Agricultural soils are the largest single source of N2O emissions globally. However, soils left uncultivated would still release N2O. Distinguishing anthropogenic from natural emissions (i.e., background emissions) in crops is important if we want to assess the net effect of human activity. This study aimed to characterize N2O emissions from croplands and unmanaged grasslands to estimate the net anthropogenic emissions and to gain a better insight into their main drivers. We established a replicated manipulative field experiment in the Pampas Region of Argentina to quantify soil N2O emissions from corn (Zea maysL.), wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), and soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] crops, and from adjacent unmanaged grassland plots for 1 yr. We also analyzed the main controls of N2O emissions and the correlation between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and N2O fluxes. Background emissions represented between 21 and 32% of total emissions from croplands, depending on crop type. No differences were detected in N2O emissions between total and background during winter and peak crop growing season. NDVI showed a significant correlation with N2O fluxes which was positive in grasslands and negative in growing season of soybean crops. Our results showed that N2O emissions from croplands were higher than background emissions, but also that background represented an important fraction of cropland emissions. Higher emissions in croplands occurred during pre‐seeding, after harvest, and after N fertilization in fertilized crops. In addition, our study informs about N2O emissions from crops and unmanaged systems in South America where field data are very scarce.Core IdeasWe measured soil N2O emissions in South America where field data are very scarce.Nonanthropogenic fluxes represented 21 to 32% of crop N2O emissions.NDVI, a plant productivity index, improved seasonal estimation of N2O flux.
Removing Hydrogen Sulfide Contamination in Biogas Produced from Animal Wastes
Authors: Pham Cuong H , Saggar Surinder , Berben Peter , Palmada Thilak , Ross Craig 
Published: December 2018

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) contamination in biogas produced from animal wastes limits its use to cooking and precludes it from being used for heating, lighting, or electricity generation. This limitation results in the release to the atmosphere of between 3 and 51% of total biogas produced. Biogas contains 50 to 70% methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. This study aimed to develop a cost‐effective H2S filtering system using local materials rich in iron as iron oxide (Fe2O3), which reacts readily with H2S and forms adsorbed iron sulfide (Fe2S3) when gas is passed through it. Here we tested the performance of seven New Zealand soils and sand, each at five different gas flow rates (59, 74, 94, 129, and 189 mL min−1). We found that three materials (allophanic soil, brown soil, and black sand) had stable H2S removal efficiencies close to 100% at all gas flow rates, followed by typic sand (89–99%), raw sand (76–99%), acidic sand (48–89%), and podzol soil (58–87%). These results show that inexpensive and simple filters to remove H2S from biogas can be made using local soils. Used soil in the filters can then be easily regenerated by exposure to the atmosphere and reused to achieve sustained H2S removal efficiency.Core Ideas
Allophanic soil, brown soil, and black sand almost completely removed H2S at a range of flow rates.
Typic sand, raw sand, acidic sand, and podzol soil removed some H2S.
Inexpensive filters using local iron‐rich soils can remove H2S from biogas.
Used soil in the filters can be easily regenerated by exposure to the atmosphere and reused.
Physicochemical Organic Matter Stabilization across a Restored Grassland Chronosequence
Authors: Bugeja Shane M. , Castellano Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

Core Ideas
• Twenty‐one years after cropland‐to‐grassland conversion, soil organic C (SOC) was within 5% of a new equilibrium but remained 64% of a never‐cultivated remnant.
• Mineral‐associated and free particulate organic matter pools increased with time but microaggregate pools did not.
• Ammonium oxalate‐extractable Fe was highly concentrated on microaggregate silt and clay.
• Polyvalent cations and ammonium oxalate‐extractable Fe were not correlated to total SOC or soil N.
In reconstructed grasslands, soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest CO2 and reactive N sink but SOM gains after reconstruction rarely achieve precultivation levels. Through a chronosequence of reconstructed grasslands 1 to 21 yr after establishment, we explored which physicochemical mechanisms protect accumulated soil organic C (SOC) and N from mineralization. After 21 yr, total SOC and soil N concentrations increased by 32 and 23%. The SOC concentration was within 5% of a new equilibrium but was 64% of a never‐cultivated remnant. Chemically stabilized C and N pools on free silt and clay surfaces increased with time. Coarse particulate organic matter C increased with time but accounted for <12% of SOC. Microaggregate‐stabilized SOM did not change. The positive linear relationship between total SOC and free silt and clay C indicates that 21 yr after establishment, reconstructions have unsatisfied capacity for further SOM storage, despite proximity to a new SOC equilibrium. The accumulated C and N associated with free silt and clay suggest that ammonium oxalate‐extractable Fe (AmOx‐Fe) and polyvalent cation concentrations could be correlated with total C and N stocks. These promote SOM stabilization and were possibly affected by human activity before reconstruction. However, AmOx‐Fe and polyvalent cation concentrations were not associated with total SOC or soil N and could not explain the slowing SOM accumulation. Regardless of time since reconstruction, AmOx‐Fe was highly concentrated on microaggregate surfaces compared with other fractions and was positively associated with microaggregate C and N, suggesting a link between Fe and microaggregate stabilization.
Investigating the quality of stored drinking water from the Harare water distribution system, Zimbabwe
Authors: Dandadzi Pardon , Hoko Zvikomborero , Nhiwatiwa Tamuka 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different storage conditions (refrigerator, cupboard and sunlight) on the quality of drinking water collected from the distribution system. The study was carried out in the period June–July 2017 and focussed on selected suburbs of Harare. Sampling sites on the distribution system were grouped into three zones (1, 2 and 3) depending on the proximity to the treatment plant, whether there was further chlorination or not and the water flow path. Three water samples were collected in opaque 5 L containers from one site (tap) in each zone and stored under the three storage conditions and periodically analysed for pH, free residual chlorine, temperature and chlorophyll-a. The pH of stored water increased with storage time for all storage conditions and in all zones. The residual chlorine decreased with time in all zones and under all storage conditions. The chlorophyll-a levels also decreased with time under all storage conditions. Refrigerator samples showed the slowest deterioration of water quality and sunlight the highest. Although the pH of stored water increased with time, it remained within both SAZ and WHO guideline values. Household disinfection of stored water is recommended generally after 1 week of storage.
Implications of soils around domestic water points in the spread of intestinal parasites in the city of Yaounde (Cameroon)
Authors: Aghaindum Ajeagah Gideon , Atud Asi Quiggle , Nadège Okoa Amougou Thérèse 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
To determine the role of soils in dissemination of enteric protozoan cysts and intestinal eggs and/or larvae of helminths, a study was carried out on muddy soils around springs and wells of six districts in Yaounde, Cameroon from February to July 2015. Protozoan cysts and helminth eggs and larvae were observed microscopically after concentration by standard scientific methods. Flagellated enteric protozoa cysts were detected at an average density of 245 ± 145 cysts/L for Giardia intestinalis, 308 ±190 cysts/L for Chilomastix mesnili, 105 ± 106 cysts/L for Enteromonas hominis and 96 ± 118 cysts/L for Retortamonas intestinalis. Cyst densities were higher during the short rainy season (277 ± 119 cysts/L) than in the short dry season (147 ± 60 cysts/L). The helminths identified were Ascaris sp., Enterobius sp., Necator americanus and/or Ancylostoma duodenale, Strongyloides sp., Taenia sp., Hymenolepis sp., Diphyllobothrium sp. and Fasciola sp. Size varied between 40 μm and 200 μm for eggs and between 100 μm and 600 μm for the larvae assessed. Densities of environmental forms of the helminths were also higher during the short rainy season (176 ± 77 agents/L) than during the short dry season (117 ± 49 agents/L). These results show that muddy soils could contribute to the contamination of wells and springs and should be considered in epidemiological studies of intestinal parasites.
Wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater treatment with reclaimed water treatment plant sludge: a case study
Authors: Chen Hong , Wang Yiyu , Wei Yanxiao , Peng Liang , Jiang Bo , Li Gang , Yu Guanlong , Du Chunyan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
To upgrade a wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment process in a typical thermal power plant (TPP) in Hunan province, China, a new concept for reusing polyaluminum chloride (PAC)-based water treatment plant sludge (WTPS) as a coagulant is proposed. Results show that, for an optimal WTPS dosage of 1,000 mg/L, the corresponding removal capacities for suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from the practical FGD wastewater were 58.3% and 40.3%, respectively. Through an advanced treatment with a dosage of 50 mg/L of PAC, pH of 9, and stirring of 150 r/min for 60 s and 50 r/min for 15 min, the total removal efficiencies of SS, COD, and total cadmium (Cd) from the FGD wastewater were 93.7%, 88.8%, and 84.6%, respectively. Therefore, a new modification process (that involves mixing with WTPS – slag cleaner – neutralization – coagulation – sedimentation) was proposed. The proposed process is economically superior, and the average cost for the FGD wastewater treatment was only 1.08 USD/t. This could provide a cost-effective alternative process for upgrading FGD wastewater treatment facilities of TPPs.