bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiber‐optic refractometer for in vivo sugar concentration measurements of low‐nectar‐producing flowers
Authors: Aronne Giovanna , Malara Pietro 
Published: July 2019

Summary

Sugar concentration in floral nectars is an assessment required in several diverse fields of application. The widely used analysis, consisting of nectar extraction with a microcapillary and sugar concentration measurement with a light refractometer, is not reliable when the nectar is secreted in small quantities, unextractable with a microcapillary. Ancillary methods adopted in such cases are destructive, rather complicated and often provide much less precise and accurate results.

The microscopic‐size, low cost and biocompatibility of optical fibers were exploited to deliver light directly inside the flower with minimal invasiveness and measure instantaneously the refractometric properties of the nectar without extracting it. After comparing the new and old methods using two known nectariferous species, the new approach was validated on Primula palinuri, whose nectar is unextractable with microcapillaries.

The fiber‐optic probe was able to measure the nectar refractive index in P. palinuri flowers making it possible to highlight a previously undetected significant trend of the sugar concentration throughout the long anthesis of the single flowers. Changes in nectar concentrations are similar in both longistylous and brevistylous flowers.

The fiber‐optic refractometer is an advancement of light refractometer analysis. Further customization of the laboratory set‐up into portable equipment will boost applications.
The Political Matters: Exploring material feminist theories for understanding the political in health, inequalities and nursing
Authors: Aranda Kay 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe recent “turn to matter” evident in material feminist theories of the more‐than‐human world offers distinct posthuman understandings of the world as continuously relationally entangled, emergent or materializing. In this paper, I consider how these premises both trouble conventional understandings of matter and/or materials, but likewise potentially revise and revitalize understandings of the political for health and inequalities, and for nursing. This is both timely and much needed given contemporary contexts of austerity‐driven neoliberalism in health care and the unprecedented growth in disparities of wealth and well‐being. I wish to explore whether material feminisms allow us to retheorize connections between abstract theory and material concerns like health and inequalities, differently. This is not theory in opposition to practice or activism, but theory conceptualized as sets of entangled emergent practices, but also what constitutes the political, as more fully relational to and in praxis with health‐related activism. I will argue these theories further justify how practitioners can visibly care for and care more about social and health inequalities. Drawing mainly on the work of material feminist, Karen Barad, and her bringing together of queer and feminist theory, as well as feminist new materialisms and understandings of posthumanism, I discuss how this turn to matter together with meaning might transform understandings of health and inequalities.
Promising's Neglected Siblings: Oaths, Vows, and Promissory Obligation
Authors: Fruh Kyle 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPromises of a customary, interpersonal kind have received no small amount of philosophical attention. Of particular interest has been their capacity to generate moral obligations. This capacity is arguably what distinguishes promises from other, similar phenomena, like communicating a firm intention. But this capacity is common to still other nearby phenomena, such as oaths and vows. These latter phenomena belong to the same family of concepts as promises, but they are structurally and functionally distinct. Taken in their turn, they fill out what I call the ‘breadth criterion’: Theories of promising should cover not only customary, interpersonal promises but also sibling phenomena, including oaths and vows. Accommodating the breadth criterion is not something all theories of promising are positioned to accomplish. I focus on the challenge that the breadth criterion poses for Scanlon's influential expectation view of promising and suggest a normative powers account will fare better.
Erysipeloid lesions caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in a dog: clinical and histopathological findings, molecular diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Marshall Kalie R. , Walton Stuart A. , Boyd Megan , Bishop Bradley , Wellehan James , Craft William , Santoro Domenico 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is a widespread Gram‐positive, nonsporulating rod bacterium predominantly associated with skin disease in swine and cetaceans. Cutaneous lesions have yet to be described in dogs.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical presentation, molecular and histopathological diagnosis, and treatment of a case of erysipeloid caused by E. rhusiopathiae in a dog.AnimalsA 6‐month‐old spayed female standard poodle dog presented with lethargy, fever, vomiting and diarrhoea. Skin lesions appeared 20 days post first examination.Methods and materialsComplete blood count, serum chemistry profile, urinalysis, urine culture, blood culture, computed topography, forelimb radiography, joint and cerebrospinal fluid aspiration were performed; samples were collected for skin cytological evaluation, culture and histopathological analysis.ResultsBlood cultures yielded Gram‐positive, catalase‐negative bacilli. Histopathological evaluation of skin biopsies revealed lymphoplasmacytic, neutrophilic and histiocytic perivascular and periadnexal dermatitis, and vasculitis. Cutaneous and blood PCR and sequencing of 16S rRNA identified the bacteria as E. rhusiopathiae. Clinical resolution was observed following the use of of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin therapies.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first confirmed case of erysipeloid caused by E. rhusiopathiae in a dog. Clinical resolution was attained with the extended use of antibiotics. After 13 months, no clinical signs had returned.
Migraine and traumatic brain injury: a cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Qing-Rui , Lu Ying-Yi , Su Ying-Ju , Qin Hao , Zhang Li , Wu Ming-Kung , Zhang Cong-Liang , Wu Chieh-Hsin 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTraumatic brain injury is now a major contributor to the global healthcare burden. Migraine is another debilitating disease with a global health impact. While most researchers agree that traumatic brain injury is a risk factor for migraine, whether migraine is a risk factor for traumatic brain injury still remains under debate. We therefore aimed to investigate whether migraine was a risk factor for developing traumatic brain injury.Study designRetrospective population-based cohort study.SettingData for people who had been diagnosed with migraine were retrieved from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.ParticipantsWe identified 7267 patients with newly diagnosed migraine during 1996–2010. The migraineurs to non-migraineurs ratio was set at 1:4 to enhance the power of statistical tests.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWe used multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models to assess the effects of migraines on the risk of traumatic brain injury after adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe overall traumatic brain injury risk was 1.78 times greater in the migraine group compared with the non-migraine group after controlling for covariates. Additionally, patients with previous diagnoses of alcohol-attributed disease, mental disorders and diabetes mellitus had a significantly higher traumatic brain injury risk compared with those with no history of these diagnoses.ConclusionsThis study of a population-based database indicated that migraine is a traumatic brain injury risk factor. Greater attention to migraine-targeted treatment modalities may reduce traumatic brain injury-related morbidity and mortality.
An Expert Delphi study to derive a tool for mental health triage in emergency departments
Authors: Mackway-Jones Anna J , Mackway-Jones Kevin C 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate and collate the opinions of experts regarding the triage of patients in mental health crisis presenting to EDs.DesignA three-round e-Delphi study was conducted between November 2017 and April 2018. The panel of 28 representative experts were drawn from six stakeholder groups. 23 of the panel were clinicians working in England, while 5 were international triage experts.ResultsExperts generated 173 statements in six topic areas in the first round. 32 of these statements reached consensus in round 2. A further 20 statements reached consensus in round 3, leaving 121 statements that did not reach consensus. The consensus statements were used to develop a structured five-level triage tool where the highest level of priority was assigned to patients exhibiting extreme aggression or agitation, those requiring restraint, those at immediate risk of leaving before assessment and those who presented a high risk of self-harm or harm to others. At lower triage priorities, other factors, such as items of psychiatric history, collateral history, observations and judgements, have been identified.ConclusionsA broadly based, multispecialty, multiprofessional expert Delphi panel has reached consensus on 52 statements concerning the triage of patients presenting in mental health crisis to EDs. The triage tool derived from this work can be used to inform the design of triage instruments employed to prioritise patients with physical and mental health problems equitably.
Residence change during the first trimester of pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes
Authors: Bond Julia C , Mancenido Amanda L , Patil Divya M , Rowley Seth S , Goldberg Jack , Littman Alyson J 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundThere are few published studies evaluating the impact of perinatal residence change on infant outcomes and whether these associations differ by socioeconomic status.MethodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study using Washington State birth certificate data from 2007 to 2014 to assess whether women who moved during the first trimester of pregnancy (n=28 011) had a higher risk of low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age than women who did not move during the first trimester (n=112 367). ‘Non-first-trimester movers’ were frequency matched 4:1 to movers by year. We used generalised linear models to calculate risk ratios and risk differences adjusted for maternal age, race, marital status, parity, education, smoking, income and insurance payer for the birth. We also stratified analyses by variables related to socioeconomic status to see whether associations differed across socioeconomic strata.ResultsMoving in the first trimester was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (6.4% vs 4.5%, adjusted risk ratio 1.37 (95% CI 1.29 to 1.45)) and preterm birth (9.1% vs 6.4%, adjusted risk ratio 1.42 (95% CI 1.36 to 1.49)) and a slight increased risk of small for gestational age (9.8% vs 8.7%, adjusted risk ratio 1.09 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.09)). Residence change was associated with low birth weight and preterm birth in all socioeconomic strata.ConclusionMoving during the first trimester of pregnancy may be a risk factor for adverse birth outcomes in US women. Healthcare providers may want to consider screening for plans to move and offering support.
Impact of the combined presence of erosions and ACPA on rheumatoid arthritis disease activity over time: results from the METEOR registry
Authors: Bergstra Sytske Anne , Couto Maura C , Govind Nimmisha , Chopra Arvind , Salomon Escoto Karen , Murphy Elizabeth , Huizinga Tom WJ , Allaart Cornelia F 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate associations between baseline presence of erosions and/or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) on functional ability, disease activity and treatment survival over time.MethodsReal life data from newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis patients were identified in the international METEOR registry. Patients were grouped according to presence/absence of ACPA and/or erosions at baseline. Associations between the presence of ACPA and/or erosions (four groups) with the change of Disease Activity Score (DAS) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) over time were assessed using linear mixed models during maximum 6 or maximum 12 months from baseline. Treatment survival was assessed using multiple failure-times Cox regression.ResultsData were included from 701 ACPA‒/erosions‒, 334 ACPA‒/erosions+, 1585 ACPA+/erosions‒ and 1993 ACPA+/erosions+ patients. We found statistically significant differences in DAS and HAQ change over time between the four groups, both after maximum follow-up durations of 6 and of 12 months, but after stratification differences proved small and not clinically meaningful. Patients in the ACPA‒/erosions‒ group were less likely to switch treatment compared with the ACPA+/erosions‒ reference group (p<0.001). The other two ACPA/erosions groups did not differ from the reference group.ConclusionsIn this analysis of worldwide real life data, we found statistically significant, but clinically irrelevant differences in treatment response to initial disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug therapies as measured by DAS and HAQ in ACPA‒/erosions‒, ACPA‒/erosions+, ACPA+/erosions‒ and ACPA+/erosions+ rheumatoid arthritis patients. However, after maximum follow-up durations of 6 and 12 months all groups had a similar response to initial treatment, but with a lower likelihood to switch treatment for ACPA‒/erosions‒ patients during the first year of follow-up.
Ti-doped MgO thin film by magnetron sputtering for cesium frequency standard
Authors: Cui Naiyuan , Wang Fei , Guo Lei 
Published: July 2019

The main component of magnetically selected cesium frequency standard is electron multiplier. Its working principle is to magnify cesium beam signal by emitting secondary electron through surface of material. Magnesium oxide (MgO) has been adopted due to its excellent capability to emit secondary electron. There are many ways to prepare MgO thin film, including evaporation, pulsed laser deposition and MOCVD. It has been studied that doping can be used to enhance its emission capability and decrease its working potential of the thin film. In this paper, Ti-doped MgO thin films were deposited by magnetron sputtering method. Titanium metal and MgO ceramic were co-sputtered in oxygen containing argon ambient with DC and RF power source, respectively. XRD results show that the deposited film has the texture of (100) and (110) orientation. The ratio of Ti/Mg were consistent in XPS and EDS. SEM and AFM show that the film is polycrystalline. Electron multiplier device was assembled, and the secondary electron emission coefficient of the Ti-doped MgO film is greater than that of the undoped one, especially 36% higher at low primary electron energy of 200 eV which is meaningful to cesium atomic frequency standard.
Transsaccadic integration benefits are not limited to the saccade target
Authors: Stewart Emma E. M. , Schütz Alexander C. 
Published: July 2019

Across saccades, humans can integrate the low-resolution presaccadic information of an upcoming saccade target with the high-resolution postsaccadic information. There is converging evidence to suggest that transsaccadic integration occurs at the saccade target. However, given divergent evidence on the spatial specificity of related mechanisms such as attention, visual working memory, and remapping, it is unclear whether integration is also possible at locations other than the saccade target. We tested the spatial profile of transsaccadic integration, by testing perceptual performance at six locations around the saccade target and between the saccade target and initial fixation. Results show that integration benefits do not differ between the saccade target and surrounding locations. Transsaccadic integration benefits are not specific to the saccade target and can occur at other locations when they are behaviorally relevant, although there is a trend for worse performance for the location above initial fixation compared with those in the direction of the saccade. This suggests that transsaccadic integration may be a more general mechanism used to reconcile task-relevant pre- and postsaccadic information at attended locations other than the saccade target.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that integration of pre- and postsaccadic information across saccades is not restricted to the saccade target. We found performance benefits of transsaccadic integration at attended locations other than the saccade target, and these benefits did not differ from those found at the saccade target. This suggests that transsaccadic integration may be a more general mechanism used to reconcile pre- and postsaccadic information at task-relevant locations.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Use in the Treatment of Acute Heart Failure in Western Medicine Hospitals in China: Analysis From the China PEACE Retrospective Heart Failure Study
Authors: Yu Yuan , Spatz Erica S. , Tan Qi , Liu Shuling , Lu Yuan , Masoudi Frederick A. , Schulz Wade L. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Li Jing ,   the China PEACE Collaborative Group
Published: July 2019

Background

Traditional Chinese medicine (
TCM
) is used in the treatment of many conditions, including heart failure (
HF
), although it is not well characterized.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective analysis of
TCM
use in a random sample of hospitalizations for
HF
within a random sample of Western medicine hospitals in China in 2015 using data from the China PEACE 5r‐HF (China Patient‐Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events 5 Retrospective Heart Failure Study). We describe the frequency of
TCM
use and its association with patient characteristics, in‐hospital use of evidence‐based therapies, and hospital characteristics using hierarchical logistic regression models. Finally, we assessed risk‐adjusted in‐hospital bleeding and mortality. Among 10 004 patients hospitalized with
HF
(median age, 73 years; 48.9% women) from 189 hospitals, 74.7% received
TCM
(83.3% administered intravenously). The most commonly used agent was Salvia miltiorrhiza (51.2%). Patients with coronary artery disease (odds ratio [
OR]
, 1.73; 95%
CI
, 1.53–1.95) or stroke (
OR
, 1.32; 95%
CI
, 1.15–1.51) were more likely to receive
TCM
; there was no correlation with evidence‐based therapy use. Nearly all hospitals (99.4%) used
TCM
, with substantial variation across hospitals (median OR, 3.29; 95%
CI
, 2.82–3.76). In‐patient bleeding (
OR
, 1.39; 95%
CI
, 1.03–1.88) and mortality (
OR
, 1.36; 95%
CI
, 1.04–1.79) were higher with Salvia miltiorrhiza, although not with other
TCM
s.

Conclusions

In a nationally representative sample of patients hospitalized with acute
HF
in China, three fourths received
TCM
. Nearly all hospitals used
TCM
, although use varied substantially by hospital. Although
TCM
was not used in lieu of evidence‐based therapies for
HF
, we found a signal for harm with the most commonly used
TCM
.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02877914.
Female Genital Mutilation in Rural Regions of Iraqi Kurdistan: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Abdulah Deldar Morad , Sedo Bewar Abdulaziz , Dawson Angela 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: Although female genital mutilation (FGM) is illegal in Iraqi Kurdistan, FGM continues to be performed frequently in Muslim communities in the region. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the prevalence of FGM among females living in rural areas of Iraqi Kurdistan; (2) assess the attitudes toward FGM of mothers, village community leaders, and religious leaders; and (3) compare the prevalence of FGM by maternal education. Methods: In a cross-sectional, double-randomized study of rural areas in Iraqi Kurdistan, we used a semi-structured questionnaire to interview 1657 mothers of 5048 daughters, 192 mullahs (religious leaders), and 386 mokhtars (community leaders). We examined data on maternal education level, daughters’ ages, whether daughters had experienced FGM, and attitudes about FGM. Results: A total of 2361 of 5048 (46.8%) daughters had experienced FGM. Of 1643 mothers, 565 (34.4%) supported FGM for their daughters in the future, although 825 of 1652 (49.9%) mothers were aware that it was illegal. Eighty-six of 192 (44.8%) mullahs and 339 of 382 (88.7%) mokhtars supported abandoning the practice of FGM. Support for FGM was significantly higher among uneducated mothers than among educated mothers (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22-1.72; P < .001) and significantly higher among mothers with ≤9 years of education than among mothers with >9 years of education (PR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.17-2.35; P = .003). Conclusions: FGM continues to be prevalent in rural areas of Iraqi Kurdistan. Public health interventions in this region are needed to improve knowledge about the harmful effects of FGM, its illegality, and the importance of prevention, particularly targeting leaders and households with low education levels.
Opioid Overdose Hospitalization Trajectories in States With and Without Opioid-Dosing Guidelines
Authors: Sears Jeanne M. , Fulton-Kehoe Deborah , Schulman Beryl A. , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Franklin Gary M. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives: High-risk opioid-prescribing practices contribute to a national epidemic of opioid-related morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to determine whether the adoption of state-level opioid-prescribing guidelines that specify a high-dose threshold is associated with trends in rates of opioid overdose hospitalizations, for prescription opioids, for heroin, and for all opioids. Methods: We identified 3 guideline states (Colorado, Utah, Washington) and 5 comparator states (Arizona, California, Michigan, New Jersey, South Carolina). We used state-level opioid overdose hospitalization data from 2001-2014 for these 8 states. Data were based on the State Inpatient Databases and provided by the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP), Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, via HCUPnet. We used negative binomial panel regression to model trends in annual rates of opioid overdose hospitalizations. We used a multiple-baseline difference-in-differences study design to compare postguideline trends with concurrent trends for comparator states. Results: For each guideline state, postguideline trends in rates of prescription opioid and all opioid overdose hospitalizations decreased compared with trends in the comparator states. The mean annual relative percentage decrease ranged from 3.2%-7.5% for trends in rates of prescription opioid overdose hospitalizations and from 5.4%-8.5% for trends in rates of all opioid overdose hospitalizations. Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence that opioid-dosing guidelines may be an effective strategy for combating this public health crisis. Further research is needed to identify the individual effects of opioid-related interventions that occurred during the study period.