bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healing physiology following delayed surgery for femoral midshaft fracture caused by high-energy injury: an in vivo study in dogs
Authors: Pan Zhijun , Pan Jingxin , Wang Hanli , Yu Zhou , Li Zhong , Yang Wenxue , Li Jing , Zhu Qingsheng , Luo Zhuojing 
Published: August 2019

Objective An experimental model of severe soft tissue damage was designed to simulate high-energy fracture and observe the fracture healing process following early surgery and surgery delayed by 1 week. Methods Forty dogs were randomized to Group A (immediate surgery) and B (delayed surgery). The femur was broken, and the two ends were forcefully stabbed to damage the surrounding soft tissues. The fracture was repaired using a custom six-hole steel plate. Four dogs were killed on day 3 and weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 following bone fracture. Soft tissue and bone were examined by light and electron microscopy. Results In Group A, no callus was present at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks following fracture, resulting in atrophic nonunion. In Group B, visible weak external callus was present 1 week following fracture, and good external callus growth was present at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, leading to callus healing. Conclusion These findings suggest that the first week is critical for fracture healing. Absence of callus in the early stage is indicative of absence of callus growth throughout the entire healing process, while the presence of callus in the early stage is indicative of vigorous callus growth thereafter.
Lived experiences of return to paid work following a brain injury
Authors: Beaulieu Karen 
Published: August 2019

Introduction Due to resulting psychosocial, cognitive, psychological, communication and/or physical difficulties following a brain injury, it is often difficult to return to paid work. Being in paid work is generally good for individuals’ health; however, currently only one third of the brain injury population manage to achieve this return. Method A descriptive phenomenological approach was used to collect and analyse data from 10 male and six female individuals who had sustained either a moderate or severe traumatic or acquired brain injury. Unstructured interviews explored their experiences of return to paid work. Data analysis resulted in synthesised descriptions of their return to paid work lived experiences following a brain injury. Findings Sixty-one meaning units were established from the data, and six themes emerged: coping with ongoing difficulties; expectation and timing of return to work; workplace colleague reactions; things that help; change and return to work options; and feelings of success. Conclusion Findings can be used to develop a more consistent approach to return to paid work, and will inform future occupational therapy practice and return to paid work rehabilitation. Occupational therapists need to support these individuals to cope with the ongoing difficulties facing them, especially in relation to fatigue, memory and transportation difficulties.
Managing Palliative Patients in Inpatient Rehabilitation Through a Short Stay Family Training Program
Authors: Smith Suzette , Wilson Christopher M. , Lipple Christine , Avromov Meghan , Maltese John , Siwa Eliezer , Colombo Reyna , Seidell Janet Wiechec 
Published: August 2019

Study Design: Retrospective Analysis of a Quality Improvement Program. Purpose: To describe the development, implementation, and outcomes of an inpatient rehabilitation-based Short Stay Family Training (SSFT) program for patients with life-limiting conditions. Background: Patients with terminal illnesses often have functional limitations that prohibit discharge home after hospitalization, but their condition limits their ability to participate in rehabilitation in an inpatient setting. Methods and Measures: After a needs assessment, an interdisciplinary team developed an SSFT program to empower patients, caregivers, and family members by giving them the tools to be independent in caring for a patient with a life-limiting condition. Patients qualifying for the program were tracked in terms of acute care physical therapy and occupational therapy discharge recommendations, diagnosis, inpatient rehabilitation unit length of stay (LoS), caregiver involvement, and discharge location. Data were retrospectively analyzed from patients over the first 16 months. Results: Since program implementation, 30 patients and their family members participated in the program. Overall, these patients experienced decreased LoS, increased discharge to home, and increased palliative care involvement in the plan of care. Conclusion: Short Stay Family Training is a viable alternative to traditional inpatient rehabilitation to allow patients with life-limiting conditions to discharge home safely with caregiver support.
Fulfillment of Expectations After Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Henry Jensen K. , Roney Andrew , Cody Elizabeth A. , Hummel Amelia , Mancuso Carol A. , Ellis Scott 
Published: August 2019

Background: To date, no study has assessed fulfillment of patients’ expectations after foot and ankle surgery. This study aimed to validate a method of assessing expectation fulfillment in foot/ankle patients postoperatively. Methods: Preoperatively, patients completed the expectations survey, consisting of 23 questions for domains including pain, ambulation, daily function, exercise, and shoe wear. At 2 years postoperatively, patients answered how much improvement they received for each item cited preoperatively. A fulfillment proportion (FP) was calculated as the amount of improvement received versus the amount of improvement expected. The FP ranges from 0 (no expectations fulfilled), to between 0 and 1 (expectations partially fulfilled), to 1 (expectations met), to greater than 1 (expectations surpassed). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and areas under the curve (AUCs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the expectations survey to other outcome surveys, including Foot and Ankle Outcome Score, improvement, overall fulfillment, Delighted-Terrible scale, and satisfaction. Results: Of the 271 patients (mean age 55.4 years, mean BMI 27.5, 65% female), 34% had expectations surpassed (FP >1), 4% had expectations met, 58% had expectations partially fulfilled (FP between 0 and 1), and 5% had no expectations met. The mean FP was 0.84 ± 0.41 (range 0-3.13), indicating partially fulfilled expectations. FP correlated significantly with all outcome measures ( P ≤ .007). FP was associated most closely with satisfaction ( r = 0.66 [95% CI 0.57-0.75]; AUC = 0.92 [95% CI 0.88-0.96]; P < .001) and improvement ( r = 0.73 [95% CI 0.64-0.81]; AUC = 0.94 [95% CI 0.91-0.96]; P < .001). Based on the associations with satisfaction and improvement outcomes, a clinically important proportion of expectations fulfilled is 0.68, with sensitivity 0.85-0.90 and specificity 0.84-0.86. Conclusion: The proportion of expectations fulfilled is a novel patient-centered outcome that correlated with validated outcome measures. The expectations survey may be used by surgeons to counsel patients preoperatively and also to assess patients’ results postoperatively. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective comparative series.
Evaluation of decontamination strategies for cyclophosphamide
Authors: Soubieux Annaelle , Palamini Marie , Tanguay Cynthia , Bussières Jean-François 
Published: August 2019

Purpose The main objective was to determine the efficacy of various types of cleaning equipment and products after deliberate contamination with cyclophosphamide. The secondary objective was to test various cleaning scenarios using these equipment and products. Methods The study had two phases: testing of cleaning equipment (wipe : woven microfibers – Hygen®, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres – MicronSolo®, two layers of non-woven microfibres and an inner layer of highly absorbent viscose fibres – MicroMix®, simili-tissu (low filament production) – Tork® and, mop : woven microfibers – Hygen®, microfibre and viscose – MicroOne®) and products (disinfectant : quaternary ammonium – DR100®, chlorine 0.1% – Zochlor® – Brutab® – PCS® NPH, sodium hypochlorite 2%, cleaner : detergent – Nu- Action 3®, cleaner and disinfectant: sodium hypochlorite 0.6% + detergent – Aliflex® and water) in phase 1 and testing of various cleaning procedures in phase 2. Specific areas of a room with a laminar flow hood (class II/type B2) were contaminated with 10 mcg of cyclophosphamide. Different types of surfaces were cleaned with various scenarios and the remaining cyclophosphamide was measured by the Institut national de santé publique du Québec. All tests were performed in triplicate. Results A total of 189 samples were obtained: 42 negative controls and positive controls, 54 during phase 1 and 93 during phase 2. All products were more than 96.5% effective. The 0.1% chlorines were the most effective products. Cleaning procedures with two or three products had average cleaning efficacies of 99.94–99.99%. Efficacy increased with the number of successive cleanings. When two products were used, the average cleaning efficacy varied between 99.78% and 99.98%, depending on the surface. Conclusion All cleaning products tested reduced cyclophosphamide contamination by more than 96.58%. Cleaning efficacy increased with successive cleaning. No scenario was effective in removing 100% of traces. Additional studies with larger samples should be conducted to confirm these results.
Evaluation of polymorphisms in inflammatory mediator and cellular adhesion genes as risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis
Authors: Kedward-Dixon Helen , Barker Emi N , Tasker Séverine , Kipar Anja , Helps Christopher R 
Published: August 2019

Objectives Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a high mortality infectious disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding interferon gamma ( IFNG), tumour necrosis factor alpha ( TNFA) and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN; CD209) have been associated with increased and decreased risk of developing FIP. This study was designed to determine whether these associations were present in a UK population of pedigree cats using samples from cats euthanased with a confirmed diagnosis (FIP, n = 22; non-FIP, n = 10) or clinically healthy cats over 11 years of age (n = 3). Methods DNA was extracted from tissue (n = 32) or blood (n = 3) and PCR performed for regions of IFNG, TNFA and CD209. PCR amplicons were sequenced, each SNP genotype was determined, and genotype/allele frequency for each SNP and FIP status were compared. Results No significant association was found between the genotype and FIP status for any SNP analysed. There was a trend for the heterozygous CT genotype at both IFNG g.401 and IFNG g.408 to be associated with FIP ( P = 0.13), but this genotype was also found in a substantial proportion of non-FIP cats. There was also a trend for the heterozygous CT genotype at IFNG g.428 to be associated with FIP ( P = 0.06), although most cats with FIP had the CC genotype at this locus. No associations were found between any allele at TNFA g.-421, CD209 g.1900, CD209 g.2276, CD209 g.2392 and CD209 g.2713 and FIP. Conclusions and relevance The use of the IFNG, TNFA and CD209 SNPs described to predict the risk of FIP cannot currently be recommended.
Linear Accelerator-Based Radiotherapy Simulation Using On-Board Kilovoltage Cone-Beam Computed Tomography for 3-Dimensional Volumetric Planning and Rapid Treatment in the Palliative Setting
Authors: Dyer Brandon A. , Nair Chithra K. , Deardorff Charles E. , Wright Cari L. , Perks Julian R. , Rao Shyam S. 
Published: August 2019

Background: Palliation of advanced disease using radiotherapy can create difficult clinical situations where standard computed tomography simulation and immobilization techniques are not feasible. We developed a linear accelerator-based radiotherapy simulation technique using nonstandard patient positioning for head and neck palliation using on-board kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography for 3-D volumetric planning and rapid treatment. Material and Methods: We proved cone-beam computed tomography simulation feasibility for semi-upright patient positioning using an anthropomorphic phantom on a clinical Elekta-Synergy linear accelerator. Cone-beam computed tomography imaging parameters were optimized for high-resolution image reconstruction and to ensure mechanical clearance. The patient was simulated using a cone-beam computed tomography–based approach and the cone-beam computed tomography digital imaging and communications in medicine file was imported to the treatment planning software to generate radiotherapy target volumes. Rapid planning was achieved by using a 3-level bulk density correction for air, soft tissue, and bone set at 0, 1.0, and 1.4 g/cm3, respectively. Results: Patient volumetric imaging was obtained through cone-beam computed tomography simulation and treatment was delivered as planned without incident. Bulk density corrections were verified against conventionally simulated patients where differences were less than 1%. Conclusion: We successfully developed and employed a semi-upright kilovoltage cone-beam computed tomography–based head and neck simulation and treatment planning method for 3-D conformal radiotherapy delivery. This approach provides 3-D documentation of the radiotherapy plan and allows tabulation of quantitative spatial dose information which is valuable if additional palliative treatments are needed in the future. This is a potentially valuable technique that has broad clinical applicability for benign and palliative treatments across multiple disease sites—particularly where standard supine simulation and immobilization techniques are not possible.
The reliability of the ankle brachial index: a systematic review
Authors: Casey Sarah , Lanting Sean , Oldmeadow Christopher , Chuter Vivienne 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ankle brachial index (ABI) is widely used in clinical practice as a non‐invasive method to detect the presence and severity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Current guidelines suggest that it should be used to monitor potential progression of PAD in affected individuals. As such, it is important that the test is reliable when used for repeated measurements, by the same or different health practitioners. This systematic review aims to examine the literature to evaluate the inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of the ABI.MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL Complete was conducted to 20 January 2019. Two authors independently reviewed and selected relevant studies and extracted the data. Methodological quality was determined using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability (QAREL) Checklist.ResultsFifteen studies of ABI reliability in a range of patient populations were identified as suitable for inclusion in the review: seven considered inter‐rater reliability, four intra‐rater reliability, and four studies evaluated both inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability. Inter‐rater reliability was found to be highly variable, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC's) ranging from poor to excellent (ICC 0.42–1.00), while intra‐rater also demonstrated considerable variation, with ICCs from 0.42–0.98. Meta‐analysis was not possible due to the lack of statistical information reported.ConclusionsResults of included studies suggest the inter‐ and intra‐tester reliability of the ABI is acceptable. However, inconsistencies in obtaining systolic pressure measurements, calculating ABI values, and incomplete reporting of methodologies and statistical analysis make it difficult to determine the validity of the results of included studies. Further research, with more consistent reliability methodology, statistical analysis and reporting conducted in populations at risk of PAD is needed to conclusively determine the ABI reliability.
Application of a non-invasive, non-destructive technique to quantify naphthalene emission rates from museum objects
Authors: Portoni Fabiana , Grau-Bové Josep , Strlič Matija 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
For the last 30 years, the cultural heritage sector has undertaken research into pesticide residues in museum objects. However, quantitative studies of volatile residues remain scarce. This research presents an active air sampling methodology to obtain qualitative and quantitative data for naphthalene as the most common pesticide found in the sampled objects. The sampling procedure comprises of placing contaminated objects inside a sampling chamber fitted with a sorbent tube filled with TENAX, then connected via tubing to a calibrated sampling pump. The sample is desorbed and analysed using automated thermal desorption (ATD) paired with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The obtained information allows the calculation of emission rates and modelling of emissions in common museum situations such as inside a box, cabinet or display case. This information informs decision-making regarding ventilation in storage areas and health and safety implications for museum professionals and other stakeholders coming in contact with objects.
Epsilon-Fe
2
O
3
is a novel intermediate for magnetite biosynthesis in magnetotactic bacteria
Authors: Wen Tong , Zhang Yunpeng , Geng Yuanyuan , Liu Junquan , Basit Abdul , Tian Jiesheng , Li Ying , Li Jilun , Ju Jing , Jiang Wei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background

Natural biological magnetite nanoparticles are widely distributed from microorganisms to humans. It is found to be very important in organisms, especially in navigation. Moreover, purified magnetite nanoparticles also have potential applications in bioengineering and biomedicine. Magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) is considered one of the most abundant species around the world which can form intracellular membrane enveloped magnetic nanoparticles, referred to as magnetosomes. To our knowledge, the biomineralization of magnetosome in MTB involves a serious of genes located on a large unstable genomic region named magnetosome island, which specially exists in MTB. The magnetite core of magnetosome formed via a Fe (III) ion intermediates, for instance,
α
-Fe
2
O
3
and ferrihydrite. Though the biosynthesis of magnetosome represents a general biomineralization mechanism of biogenic magnetite, knowledge of magnetosome biosynthesis and biomineralization remains very limited.

Method
Cells used in this study were cultured in a 7.5-L bioreactor, samples for intermediate capture were taken each certain time interval after the generation of magnetosome biosynthesis condition. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the detailed structure of magnetosomes. The parameters of the crystal structures were obtained by Fast Fourier Transform analyses.

Results

In this study, we identified a novel intermediate phase,
ε
-Fe
2
O
3
, during the magnetite maturation process in MTB via kinetic analysis. Unlike
α
-Fe
2
O
3
, which has been reported as a precursor during magnetosome biosynthesis in MTB before,
ε
-Fe
2
O
3
, due to its thermal instability, is a rare phase with scarce natural abundance. This finding confirmed that
ε
-Fe
2
O
3
is an important novel intermediate during the biomineralization of magnetosome in MTB, and shed new light on the magnetosome biosynthesis pathway.
Women in the Early Years of the American Economic Association
Authors: May Ann Mari , Dimand Robert W. 
Published: August 2019

We use the archives of the American Economic Association to examine the participation of women in the association from its foundation in 1885 to the Great Depression. Women participated actively in the formation of the association, contributed several monographs to its early publications, and won some of its early essay competitions. We find that the membership drives of 1900–1902 (aimed at academics and businessmen) and of 1909–13 (aimed at lawyers, bankers, and businessmen) neglected women interested in social causes and home economics as potential members. Together with the abolition of local branches, these first two membership drives diluted the role of women in the association. In contrast, the membership drive of 1922–26 reflected a growing interest in graduate students and young instructors that somewhat increased the proportion of women among members.
Whole-genome sequence analysis of Vibrio cholerae from three outbreaks in Uganda, 2014 - 2016
Authors: Aruhomukama Dickson , Sserwadda Ivan , Mboowa Gerald 
Published: August 2019

Background: Cholera remains a serious public health problem in Uganda and Africa. The aim of this study was to provide the complete array of antimicrobial resistance genes, integrative and conjugative elements, virulence genes, pathogenicity islands, plasmids, and insertion sequences in the strains. In addition, this study also aimed to provide a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based phylogenetic analysis of the strains. Methods: In the analysis, both Linux and web-based bioinformatics approaches were used to analyze the study sequences. Databases used included; FastQC, MultiQC, Snippy, PANTHER, PATRIC, Unicycler, ISFinder, Center for Genomic Epidemiology pipelines (i.e. MLST, PlasmidFinder, MyDbFinder, and ResFinder), MashTree and IcyTree. Results: The 10 sequenced strains of Vibrio cholerae were found to carry virulence-associated genes including MakA, ctxA, ctxB, carA, carB, trpB, clpB, ace, toxR, zot, rtxA, ompW, ompR, gmhA, fur, hlyA, and rstR. Also identified were: genes of the Type VI secretion system including vasA-L, vgrG-2, vgrG-3, vipA/mglA, and vipB/mglB; alsD (VC1589), involved in the synthesis of 2,3-butanediol; alsR, involved in the acetate-responsive LysR-type regulation; makA, the flagella-mediated cytotoxin gene; Type VI pilus genes including tcpA-F, tcpH-J, tcpN, tcpP-T, and icmF/vasK; adherence genes acfA-D and IlpA; and quorum sensing system genes luxS and cqsA. Pathogenicity islands identified comprised of VSP-1 and VSP-2, as well as VPI-1 and VPI-2. In addition, strA and B, APH(3'')-I, APH(3'')-Ib, APH(6)-Id, APH(6)-Ic, murA, pare, dfrA1, floR, catB, and catB9 were among the antimicrobial resistance genes found in the sequences. Analysis for SNPs shared among the sequences showed that the sequenced strains shared 218 SNPs and of these, 98 SNPs were missense. Gene enrichment analysis of these SNPs showed enrichment in genes that mediate transmembrane-signaling receptor activity, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity, and phosphor-relay response regulator activity. Conclusions: This study applied bioinformatics approaches to provide comprehensive genomic analysis of V. cholerae genomes obtained from Uganda.