bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Lesion in Dilantin-Induced Erythroid Aplasia
Authors: YUNIS A. A. , ARIMURA G. K. , LUTCHER C. L. , BLASQUEZ J. , HALLORAN M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Clinical and biochemical studies are reported in a patient who developed pure red cell aplasia after 2 years therapy with Dilantin but in whom aplasia could subsequently be induced with 4-5 Gm. of the drug. Recovery occurred regularly when the drug was discontinued.
The administration of 1500 ml. of patient’s plasma obtained during the aplastic phase to a normal volunteer with Dilantin had no effect on the recipient’s reticulocyte count, number of nucleated red cells in his bone marrow, or Fe59 clearance. Attempts to demonstrate binding of gamma globulin to the patient’s nucleated red cells in the presence of Dilantin by immunofluorescence technic were unsuccessful.
Dilantin, in a concentration of 20 µg./ml. in vitro, caused significant inhibition of the uptake of C14 formate, glycine, adenine, orotic acid, and uridine into DNA but not into RNA of patient’s bone marrow studied when fully recovered. There was no effect on the uptake of deoxyuridine or thymidine.
The Dilantin effect was specific to the erythroid cells as shown by radioautographic studies and by the absence of inhibition when these cells were absent from the bone marrow.
Vitamin B12 and folinic aci dgiven to the patient in large doses did not reverse the hematologic effects of Dilantin. The daily intravenous administration of all four deoxyribonucleosides, deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine had a suggestive, but not clear-cut, effect.
In an effort to examine a possible relationship of the pure red cell aplasia in this patient to riboflavin metabolism, the patient was started simultaneously on Dilantin and riboflavin. Dilantin was now without effect. However, the patient remains refractory to Dilantin a year after riboflavin was discontinued.
It is concluded that Dilantin exerted its toxic effect in this patient by specifically inhibiting DNA synthesis in erythroid cells probably at the step of deoxyribotide formation.
The role of riboflavin in the development of resistance to the toxic effect of Dilantin in this patient remains uncertain.
BRIEF REPORT: Defective Synthesis of IgM Antibodies in Macroglobulinemia
Authors: PITTS NEAL C. , MCDUFFIE FREDERIC C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four patients with macroglobulinemia demonstrated an impaired ability to produce IgM antibody when stimulated with a relatively weak antigen, sheep cell stroma, but not with a more potent antigen, Brucellin. The explanation of this defect is unknown. It may be in part the cause of the greater-than-normal infection rate seen in patients with macroglobulinemia.
Mechanisms of Isoimmunization
Authors: COHEN FLOSSIE , ZUELZER WOLF W. , Evans Margaret M. , Schmiedl Ruth E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Fetal cells were demonstrated postpartum in approximately 20 per cent of Rh positive mothers with ABO incompatible infants and in only approximately 5 per cent of Rh negative mothers with both ABO and Rh incompatible infants in the absence of sensitization or presensitization.
2. When the prenatal findings were combined with those postpartum, the incidence was considerably greater in both groups (52 per cent and 32 per cent, respectively).
3. Two cases of massive transplacental hemorrhage in heterospecific pregnancies are reported with almost a normal survival of a few cells postpartum.
4. Observations on protective mechanisms bearing on isoimmunization in heterospecific pregnancies are made.
Brief Report: Amyloidosis Associated with Cyclic Neutropenia in the Dog
Authors: CHEVILLE N. F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Amyloid occurred in the spleen, liver, and kidney after recurrent episodes of fever and infection in dogs affected with cyclic neutropenia (gray collie syndrome). In areas of splenic amyloid formation, large reticular cells contained polyribosomal material and amyloid fibrils, but endothelial cells did not. Early in the disease, the dogs were slightly hypergammaglobulinemic, whereas those examined terminally with amyloidosis had lowered gamma-globulin levels Neutrophilic leukocytes appeared normal when examined by electron microscopy.
Metabolic Interrelationship between Vitamin B12 and Ascorbic Acid in Pernicious Anemia
Authors: KAHN SIGMUND BENHAM , BRODSKY ISADORE , Fein Sandra A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
An interrelationship between vitamin C and vitamin B12 was studied in three patients with vitamin B12 deficiency associated with pernicious anemia. Subnormal plasma ascorbate concentrations were found prior to therapy confirming previous observations. Following vitamin B12 administration and utilizing methylmalonate (MMA) excretion as a biochemical index of vitamin B12 deficiency, low plasma ascorbate concentrations persisted until MMA excretion was abolished. In two patients, RBC vitamin B12 activity was also serially measured in order to evaluate its sensitivity as an index of vitamin B12 stores when compared to MMA excretion. The data demonstrate that in these two vitamin B12-deficient patients undergoing slow repletion therapy, RBC vitamin B12 activity returns to normal before MMA excretion is abolished.
Whether continued MMA excretion in these patients indicates a greater sensitivity of MMA excretion as an index of deficiency of vitamin B12 stores than does RBC vitamin B12 activity remains to be answered by future work.
Blood Formation in the Pregnant Mouse
Authors: FRUHMAN GEORGE J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Pregnancy in mice was accompanied by increased erythropoiesis which was most marked in the spleen and was reflected peripherally by increased percentages of circulating erythrocytes. During the last four or five days of pregnancy, there was an equally significant drop in erythropoiesis to normal or below normal values and this occurred despite a falling hematocrit. It is suggested that the changing oxygen requirement of the fetuses may be the primary determinant of these erythropoietic changes.
Proliferation of Megaloblasts in Pernicious Anemia as Observed from Nucleic Acid Metabolism
Authors: YOSHIDA YATARO , TODO AKIO , SHIRAKAWA SHIGERU , WAKISAKA GYOICHI , UCHINO HARUTO 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In order to elucidate the nature of the megaloblastic lesion at the cellular level, DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis was studied in megaloblasts of pernicious anemia. While microphotometric estimation of DNA content showed an increase in cells with DNA values ranging around the 4c value, autoradiographic studies with H3-thymidine indicated, rather, a decreased ability to synthesize DNA. Combined microphotometric and autoradiographic studies suggested the impaired DNA synthesis with occasional arrests of synthesis, as well as the prolongation of the S period with or without the prolongation of the G2 period. On the other hand, active incorporation of H3-uridine and H3-leucine indicated active or unaffected RNA and protein synthesis. Vitamin B12 treatment rapidly corrected these aberrant patterns of synthesis. The significance of these findings has been discussed in relation to the mechanism of megaloblastic hemopoiesis.
Immunofluorescent Studies of Human Leukemic Cells with Antiserum to a Murine Leukemic Virus (Rauscher Strain)
Authors: IOANNIDES ANGELIKI KATRAHOURA , ROSNER FRED , BRENNER MARTIN , LEE STANLEY L. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Cells from bone marrow aspirates and liver, kidney and spleen imprints from patients with leukemia and other nonleukemic hematological and non-hematological disorders were tested for reactivity with murine leukemia (Rauscher) virus antibody using the technique of immunofluorescence. The cells of all eleven patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and four out of five patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia reacted strongly. In only six of the 15 patients with myelogenous leukemia and approximately one-third of the 47 patients with miscellaneous disorders (Table 1) was strong immunofluorescence demonstrated.
Brief Report: The Development of Lymphomas in Mice with Autoimmune Disorders Treated with Azathioprine
Authors: CASEY T. P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Administration of azathioprine causes suppression of lupus nephritis in NZB x NZW F1 hybrids. Malignant lymphoid neoplasms, particularly affecting the thymus, occurred in 7 out of the 12 mice treated. Similar neoplasms developed in 6 out of 8 young NZB mice treated with azathioprine. No such tumors occurred in the control animals.
Regeneration of Locally Irradiated Bone Marrow. II. Induction of Regeneration in Permanently Aplastic Medullary Cavities
Authors: KNOSPE WILLIAM H. , BLOM JOHANNES , CROSBY WILLIAM H. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Marrow cavities permanently aplastic after irradiation were mechanically disrupted and locally injected with bone marrow obtained from an opposite leg. Hemopoietic bone marrow regenerated with restoration of normal parenchymal and sinusoidal architecture. Mechanical disruption alone or intravenous transfusions of isogeneic bone marrow alone failed to induce any evidence of regeneration of the aplastic marrow.
Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia by Extracorporeal Irradiation
Authors: STORB R. , EPSTEIN R. B. , BUCKNER C. D. , THOMAS E. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Six patients with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia were treated with extracorporeal irradiation and followed for one to three years. There was a marked reduction in the circulating white cells in all patients, but in four cases the white cell counts returned to high levels in 3-7 months. Two patients are in good partial remission 37 and 22 months after the initial course of ECI. Clinical and hematological events in these cases are detailed.
It was concluded that ECI is effective in lowering leukocyte levels without systemic toxicity and is beneficial in some cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Hypothesis: A Case of Multiple Autoimmune Disease, Lymphoid Proliferation and Hypogammaglobulinaemia
Authors: SAGE R. E. , FORBES I. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 75 year old woman who had had rheumatoid arthritis for 21 years and Sjögren’s syndrome for 12 years developed autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Antibodies to tissue extracts, erythrocytes, cell nuclei, and altered γ-globulin were detected in the serum, although the serum γ-globulin level was low.
The bone marrow was densely infiltrated by lymphocytes having similar abnormalities to the circulating lymphocytes.
Analysis of the proteins synthesized by the peripheral lymphocytes showed a relatively low output of immunoglobulins.
The hemolytic process was controlled by azathioprine after unsuccessful treatment with prednisolone.
A hypothesis is put forward to explain the not infrequent association of multiple autoimmune disorders, lymphoproliferative disease and disorders of immunoglobulin synthesis such as hypogammaglobulinemia and paraproteinemia. It is suggested that the disturbance of immunological function in such cases occurs at the site of recruitment for immunological activity in the peripheral lymphoid organs, constituting a disturbance of terminal immunological differentiation. The basic abnormality may, therefore, be found in the supporting cells of the lymphoid organs.
Fine Structural Alterations Induced in Platelets by Adenosine Diphosphate
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blood platelets exposed to the nucleotide adenosine diphosphate (ADP) lose their discoid appearance and adhere to one another. The basis for the ADP induced shape change has remained obscure. In the present study the structural transformations of platelets under the influence of ADP have been examined in the electron microscope. Loss of lentiform appearance is closely related to a marked reorganization of the platelet hyaloplasm. The marginal bundle of microtubules decreases in circumference and is moved into the interior of the platelet. Granules and other organelles are transported to the cell center where they are enveloped within a web of microtubules and microfilaments. These changes are completely reversed after the influence of ADP disappears. The movement of the circumferential bundle of microtubules from its position under the cell wall appears to be the principle cause for the loss of discoid shape. Constriction of hyaloplasmic elements followed by complete recovery of unaltered appearance are indicative of a reversible wave of contraction occurring in the platelet hyaloplasm. Thus the change in platelet surface contour after exposure to ADP is not due to a direct modification of the cell wall by ADP, but to a contractile wave which ADP indirectly triggers in the substance of the cells.
Brief Report: Variations in the Response of Childhood Iron Deficiency Anemia to Oral Iron
Authors: MCNIEL JAMES R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Of 182 infants and children with iron deficiency anemia treated with prescribed oral ferrous sulfate in a dose of approximately 2 mg./kg. body weight two or three times daily 131 (72.0 percent) responded promptly to one month of treatment. Forty-nine (26.9 percent) had a delayed response or responded to an intramuscular iron preparation. The most likely reasons for the delay in the response of this group included the following: (1) The total dose of iron prescribed in 1 month appeared insufficient. (2) The child fought the medication and it was not given properly by the parents. (3) The oral iron caused vomiting or diarrhea and was subsequently not given. (4) The parents appeared unconvinced of the necessity or efficacy of the medication. (5) The response was delayed by repeated infections. Several of these factors were often present in the same patient. Thus many seeming failures to respond to iron may be due to these problems and not to iron being improper therapy.
Preliminary Report: Anticoagulant Therapy in Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: COHEN RICHARD J. , DENNIS LEWIS H. , CONRAD MARCEL E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The response of a patient with chronic severe idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), refractory to all forms of therapy, to the controlled use of anticoagulation is described. A significant elevation of the platelet count and clinical improvement accompanied the use of heparin and was sustained for a two-week period. In addition, a short-lived response was obtained with warfarin sodium. Studies of the patient’s coagulation factors during the trial of heparin therapy indicated that accelerated intravascular coagulation was not an explanation for the thrombocytopenia or for the response to anticoagulant therapy. These results provide additional evidence that anticoagulant drugs affect blood platelet economy and indicate that further investigation of the underlying mechanisms is needed.
Blood Cell Separation in the Dog by Continuous Flow Centrifugation
Authors: BUCKNER DEAN , EISEL ROBERT , PERRY SEYMOUR 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A closed continuous flow centrifuge was used to separate and collect large quantities of buffy coat cells from the dog. One hundred fifty-five separate centrifugations of 2-12 hours duration were performed. Up to 61.0 liters of blood, representing 2.2-52 donor blood volumes, were processed. Buffy coat cells with a preponderance of granulocytes or lymphocytes, were collected while plasma and red blood cells were returned to the donor without change in flow or gravitational field. The mean total number of leukocytes, granulocytes, mononuclear cells and platelets removed was 24.0, 17.0, 7.0 and 197.0 x 10,9 respectively, which was 34.0, 28.0, 66.0 and 36.0 percent, respectively, of each cell population entering the centrifuge.
The effect of centrifugation on blood components was evaluated. Granulocytes from buffy coat collections exhibited normal phagocytic ability in vitro. The transfusion of large quantities of granulocytes (15.0 x 109) into leukopenic dogs produced an increment in peripheral granulocyte count (2.7 x 103 per mm.3). Granulocytes labeled with 3H-DFP were also infused with a recovery of 38.6 percent at one hour and a T-½ of 4-6 hours. Machine-separated lymphocytes responded normally to phytohemagglutinin. Prolonged passage of blood through the pumps, tubing and bowl without centrifugation resulted in a decrease in circulating platelet levels (21 percent). A greater decrease in platelets occurred with centrifugation at high g. forces (49 percent). Hemolysis of red blood cells was not a serious problem.
The Ultrastructure of an Abnormal Cell in Sézary’s Syndrome
Authors: LUTZNER MARVIN A. , JORDAN HAROLD W. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sézary described a characteristic cell found in a syndrome which bears his name. This syndrome is manifested by erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, and abnormal circulating cells. The electron microscope was used to study skin, lymph nodes, and blood from three Sézary patients and all demonstrated characteristic cells. The nucleus of this Sézary cell was strikingly irregular, indented, lobulated, and serpentine, often narrowed to a single row of nuclear particles. The cytoplasm exhibited no abnormalities. No abnormal cells similar to those described have been found in any control tissues studied.
Regulation of Erythropoiesis in the Friend Leukemia Mouse
Authors: SASSA SHIGERU , TAKAKU FUMIMARO , NAKAO KIKU 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Friend leukemia infection in ddO mice produced a marked increase in the erythropoietic activity of the affected mice. By the fact that the increased erythropoietic activity was not suppressed by the transfusion polycythemia and that the plasma and spleen extract of the infected animal showed no erythropoietic activity, it is postulated that erythropoiesis in Friend leukemia is governed by mechanisms other than normal ones. The possible role of the virus in differentiating the stem cell into erythroblasts is discussed.
Leiomyoma and Erythrocytosis: A Tumor Producing a Factor Which Increases Erythropoietin Production. Report of Case
Authors: FRIED WALTER , WARD HARRY P. , HOPEMAN ALAN R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient with a leiomyoma of the esophagus and erythrocytosis is reported. Preliminary studies in mice suggest that the tumor contained a substance which was capable of increasing erythropoietin production by the kidneys. Because of the limited amount of tumor available, we were unable to further characterize this substance. We hope that this report will encourage other investigators to repeat and extend these studies.
Morphologic Evidence for the In Vivo Activity of Transfused Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells in A Case of Massive Staphylococcal Septicemia
Authors: SHOHET STEPHEN B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Morphologic and clinical evidence for the in vivo activity of white blood cell transfusions in a previously well young man with marrow depression and staphylococcal septicemia is presented. No underlying malignancy or chronic immunosuppressive therapy was present.
Characteristics and problems of white blood cell transfusions are discussed with special emphasis on the site and clinical importance of tissue sequestration of the transfused cells.
Tubular Elements in Platelet Granules
Authors: WHITE JAMES G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Improved fixation of platelets has facilitated recognition of tubular elements in the hyaloplasm of the cells. Marginal band microtubules, hyaloplasmic microtubules, and a system of tubular channels have been dealt with in several publications. The purpose of this investigation is to describe a third type of tubular element in platelets which has not previously been reported. Observation of the substructure of hyaloplasmic particles in normal platelets has revealed small, tubelike elements occurring singly or in groups of two or three in many granules. Exposure of platelets to digitonin shock appears to increase the number of tubular elements inside the particles. The tubelike components in granules superficially resemble microtubules, but their origin, nature, and function remain obscure.
Hereditary, X-Linked, Sideroachrestic Anemia. The Isolation of Two Erythrocyte Populations Differing in Xga Blood Type and Porphyrin Content
Authors: LEE G. R. , MACDIARMID W. D. , CARTWRIGHT G. E. , WINTROBE M. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
1. Two morphologically distinct populations of erythrocytes were found in a mother and in two of her daughters, one of whom (the proband) was anemic. One erythrocyte population was morphologically normal; the other was hypochromic and microcytic.
2. The X-linked blood group antigen, Xga, was present in erythrocytes from the mother and the two daughters, but not in erythrocytes from the father. The daughters were, therefore, heterozygous for the gene controlling this antigen.
3. Separation of the two populations of erythrocytes was accomplished by centrifugation in layered gum acacia solutions of different specific gravity.
4. The microcytic cells from the three affected individuals were Xga-positive. Isolated normal cells were Xga-positive in the mother, but negative in both daughters.
These data suggest that the erythrocyte defect is X-linked and that the phenomenon of X-inactivation applies to genes controlling both the morphologic defect and the Xga antigen.
5. The free protoporphyrin content of the isolated microcytes was lower than that of the normal cells. The capacity of the microcytes to convert delta-aminolevulinic acid to protoporphyrin was unimpaired.
On these bases it is suggested that the hereditary defect lies either at or before the step in which delta-aminolevulinic acid is synthesized.
Functional Cytogenetic and Cytochemical Study of the Leukemic Reticulum Cells
Authors: YAM L. T. , CASTOLDI G. L. , GARVEY M. B. , MITUS W. J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Morphologic, cytochemical, functional, and chromosomal studies were performed on cells from blood and the spleen of a patient with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. Characteristics of these cells were further defined by histochemical studies, by their removal by the cotton-filtration process, by their negative response to PHA stimulation, and by their poor phagocytic properties. Chromosomal studies in this case showed abnormal patterns in cells from the spleen. This abnormal pattern was characterized by the presence of an abnormal chromosome in A group, extra chromosome in C group, and monosomy in G group.
Hemoglobin JOxford: Effects on Hemoglobin and Erythrocyte Function
Authors: GILCHER RONALD O. , BROMBERG PHILIP A. , FINN FRANCES M. , JENSEN WALLACE N. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Hemoglobin JOxford (α215 gly→asp β2A) was found to constitute 20 per cent of the hemoglobin in eight members of an Italian-American family. In the heterozygous state, no clinical stigmata referable to the variant Hb were found. Erythrocyte morphology and survival were normal. No evidence of Hb instability was found. Oxygen-affinity studies of whole blood, whole hemolysates and isolated Hb JOxford were normal. A brief review of the literature on J hemoglobins is included.
Myasthenia Gravis in a Patient with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated by Busulfan
Authors: DJALDETTI MEIR , PINKHAS JACK , DE VRIES ANDRE , KOTT EDNA , JOSHUA HENRY , DOLLBERG LEAH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Myasthenia gravis and roentgenologic evidence of a mass in the anterior mediastinum appeared in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia following busulfan treatment.
X-ray irradiation of the thymic area and subsequent surgical removal of the anterior mediastinal mass were followed by remission from the myasthenia gravis. Histologic examination of the mass showed involuted thymic remnants without evidence of leukemic infiltration or of malignant thymoma.
The possible etiology of the myasthenia gravis in this patient, with special reference to a busulfan-induced autoimmune process, is discussed.