bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of the feasibility, value and impact of using participatory modelling to inform the development of a regional system dynamics model for youth suicide prevention.
Authors: Michail Maria , Waring Justin , Occhipinti Jo-An , Witt Katrina , Skinner Adam , Lamblin Michelle , Veresova Maria , Kartal Dzenana , Robinson Jo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Suicide remains a leading cause of death for young Australians. We need robust analytical tools to help us understand and respond to the dynamic complexity underlying suicide and suicidal behaviour. Participatory systems modelling leverages empirical data together with the experiential knowledge of stakeholders to inform model building, evaluation, and implementation. Efforts to evaluate collaborative deliberative processes such as participatory system modelling remain sparse. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, value and impact of adopting a participatory systems modelling approach for developing a youth suicide prevention system dynamics model in North-West Melbourne, Australia.
Methods
Three participatory workshops were conducted with an expert stakeholder group including young people with lived and living experience of self-harm/suicidal behaviour, family members, healthcare professionals, and policymakers. Data collection was informed by an evaluation framework, including i) briefing questionnaires, ii) workshop recordings and field notes, iii) evaluation questionnaires. Data from each source were analysed separately, using codebook and reflexive thematic analysis, and synthesised to identify patterns in meaning and broad concepts under the evaluation categories of feasibility, value, and impact.
Results
We found that the feasibility of undertaking an inclusive and accessible participatory systems modelling project was influenced by stakeholder cultural diversity, meaningful involvement of those with lived and living experience, accessibility of technical aspects of modelling, and managing group dynamics. The value of adopting a participatory approach in developing a complex systems model was demonstrated in the collaborative learning that took place between the expert stakeholder group and the research team. Central to this was the experiential knowledge of young people who helped shape our understanding of the contextual drivers of self-harm and suicidal behaviour. Stakeholders’ knowledge of the regional health system informed the structure, logic and assumptions of the systems model.
Conclusions
This is one of very few evaluations of a participatory systems modelling project involving young people with lived and living experience of self-harm/suicidal behaviour and bereaved families. Our study offers novel theoretical and practical insights into the processes adopted to ensure the safe and inclusive involvement of diverse perspectives in developing a youth suicide prevention system dynamics model.
Nexus Scissor: Enhance Open-Access Language Model Safety by Connection Pruning
Authors: Pang Yan , Mai Peihua , Yang Youjia , Yan Ran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that bypass safety measures and induce the model to generate harmful content. Securing open-access LLMs against these adversarial attacks is especially challenging due to their offline, unregulated, and often secretive usage. To defend open-access models against a broad spectrum of attacks, it is critical to mitigate their inherent capacity to retrieve malicious responses. Inspired by Spreading Activation theory, this paper proposes the Nexus Scissor, a framework based on connection pruning, to prevent LLMs from recalling harmful content, thereby bolstering its security against a range of jailbreak attacks. Nexus Scissor servers the link between the malicious target and its immediate harmful knowledge, while maintaining the integrity of the remaining knowledge graph. Our framework can also be generalized to closed-access models, such as ChatGPT and Claude. Empirical analysis demonstrates that our proposed Nexus scissor effectively enhances the safety of open-access LLMs against various adversarial attacks, with minimal impact on performance across on common benchmarks.
Associations between different triglyceride glucose index-related obesity indices and eating disorders: results from NHANES 2005–2018
Authors: Xiao He , Du Yudie , Song Ke , Ren Yixing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This research aimed to determine the possible links between obesity measures related to the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and the prevalence of eating disorders (ED) for the United States residents.
Methods
This observational investigation analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018. It assessed the relationship of the TyG index, TyG combined with waist circumference (TyG-WC), or TyG combined with body mass index (TyG-BMI) with ED. The analysis employed a multivariable regression model, stratified analyses, and a ROC curve assessment.
Results
This research included a total of 10,324 adults. In the comprehensive analysis model, the TyG, TyG-BMI, along with TyG-WC all had a significant positive correlation with ED. The adjusted graphical representations revealed a rising trend in the association of TyG-BMI index with ED. Subgroup analyses indicated that individuals with hypertension exhibited even stronger positive associations between these indices and ED. The areas under the curve (AUC) values indicates the value for TyG-related indicators in predicting ED.
Conclusions
The research uncovered a significant and enduring connection between obesity measures related to the TyG-related index and ED, indicating a robust association of increased insulin resistance with the probability of ED among the U.S. population.
Three-dimensional nonlinear tooth meshing modeling and analysis for preloaded tracked vehicles.
Authors: Huang Kai , Wang Guoping , Wang Pingxin , Zhang Jianshu , Miao Yangyang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The single-pin track system is widely used in light-tracked vehicles due to its simple structure and high reliability. This paper aims to establish a nonlinear three-dimensional tooth engagement search process to simulate the meshing process between the single-pin track shoe and the sprocket, thereby improving the accuracy of multibody system dynamics simulations. Based on the actual geometric structure, the contact surfaces between the sprocket teeth and the track pin are discretized, and a body-fixed coordinate system is introduced for each contact surface to facilitate the geometric contact criteria and contact force calculation. Through simulation, the effect of pre-tension on tooth engagement is analyzed, revealing the dynamics of the track chain as a function of pre-tension variation. Simulation results, validated by commercial software and experimental tests, indicate that the proposed 3D meshing model can effectively simulate the impact of high-frequency excitations on tracked vehicles. Furthermore, the study provides suggestions for optimizing the design of the track shoe and sprocket to improve the service life of the meshing system.
Identification and Targeting of Regulators of SARS-CoV-2-Host Interactions in the Airway Epithelium.
Authors: Dirvin Brooke , Noh Heeju , Tomassoni Lorenzo , Cao Danting , Zhou Yizhuo , Ke Xiangyi , Qian Jun , Schotsaert Michael , Garcia-Sastre Adolfo , Karan Charles , Califano Andrea , Cardoso Wellington , Jangra Sonia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
In spite of the wealth of literature available, the mechanistic determinants of SARS-CoV-2-mediated host-cell hijacking that results in massive infection of the human airway epithelium are still poorly understood. While ciliated cells have been identified as a major target and sink of SARS-CoV-2 during COVID-19 pathogenesis, the contribution of other airway epithelial components and the specific host factors hijacked that maintain their pro-infective cell state remains unclear. Limitations have been in part due to overreliance on single-cell gene expression profiling which may not reflect the protein activation status and analyses biased toward downstream effects rather than in actual determinants of infection. These ultimately have hampered progress in the understanding of the hijacking mechanisms implemented by SARS-CoV-2 in different cell types and in the identification of compounds to effectively counteract these host factors.
Methods
Here we used a human airway organotypic culture system known to model the cellular diversity of the airway epithelium, and a network-based platform to identify master regulator (MR) proteins that facilitate SARS-CoV-2 reprogramming of key airway epithelial cell types at different stages of infection. The analysis was coupled to a large-scale drug perturbation screen in these organotypic cultures using a library of FDA-approved compounds to identify drugs able to the invert SARS-CoV-2-induced activities in these cells.
Results
The identification of top MR differentially activated by SARS-CoV-2 in ciliated (NCOR, HDAC1), secretory (KAT2B), or basal/ciliated (MED21/MED7) cells suggested distinct host cell reprogramming mechanisms. Notably, the identification of crucial proviral factors required for SARS-CoV-2 infection (USP33, CUL5, SNX27 and PBRM1) collectively activated in all 3 main cell types revealed a potential mechanism of viral propagation common to both basal and luminal airway compartments. The perturbation assay identified 11 drugs able to invert the entire MR signature activated by SARS-CoV-2 in these cell types, with 9 of these targeting recognized proviral MR factors.
Conclusions
Leveraging MR analysis and drug perturbational profiles of human primary cells represents a relevant mechanism-based platform for investigation of disease pathogenesis and drug discovery in conditions affecting the airway epithelium.
Seizure Reduction with Cenobamate in a Pediatric Patient with Refractory Generalized Epilepsy: A Case Report
Authors: Ranpariya Margil , Ludwig Alexus , Rosen Elizabeth C. , Glover Robert L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Cenobamate (CNB) is a newer anti-seizure medication (ASM) approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adjunctive treatment of focal onset seizures in adults. Preclinical data indicates that CNB may have broad spectrum anti-seizure properties. A recently published small case study has reported that CNB led to improvement in seizure frequency in patients with generalized epilepsy. We present a pediatric patient with refractory generalized epilepsy who presented to our institution in status epilepticus consisting of bilateral facial and upper extremity twitching. After a prolonged hospitalization for refractory status epilepticus, he experienced a clinically significant reduction in seizure frequency with utilization of CNB. Our case adds to sparse literature available for the efficacy of utilizing CNB in a patient with refractory generalized epilepsy.
Multimarker genetic analyses of Gonimbrasia belina, the most harvested wild edible insect of mopane woodlands in southern Africa supports concerns over the sustainability of the species
Authors: Nethavhani Zwannda , Veldtman Ruan , Nyamukondiwa Casper , Versfeld William , Asch Barbara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The caterpillars of Gonimbrasia belina, commonly known as mopane worms, are intensively harvested for human consumption in southern Africa. Concerns over the sustainability of the species have been raised for the last two decades due to increasing demand, habitat erosion, and climate change. Despite its cultural, economic, and nutritional significance, genetic data for G. belina was largely unavailable. We used a multi-marker approach including mitochondrial sequences and nuclear ddRADseq data to assess the genetic diversity, phylogeographical structure and demographic history of G. belina in Namibia and the Limpopo River Basin (South Africa and Botswana). Mitochondrial sequences revealed strong phylogeographical structure at the broad scale separating Namibia and Limpopo River Basin populations. Within the Limpopo River Basin, populations are separated by the Limpopo River, with haplotype sharing only at the border between South Africa and Botswana. Mitochondrial genetic diversity varies between sampling areas but overall is highest in South Africa and lowest in Botswana, while historical demography points to population expansion in Namibia but not in South Africa and Botswana. Nuclear data in the Limpopo River Basin revealed some connectivity among populations albeit with significant genetic differentiation and unique gene pools in some sampling areas. All sampling areas show low genetic diversity, alarmingly small effective population size, and signs of recent bottlenecks. We generated the first baseline data for the genetic monitoring of G. belina populations and conclude that concerns over the sustainability of the species are presently justified in Botswana and South Africa.
Predictive Maintenance System for Screw Compressors Using Machine Learning: A Comparative Study
Authors: DAOUDI Nawal , ZAKI Smail , ABOUSSALEH Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Maintaining operational efficiency and reliability of any industrial system is mandatory to minimize downtime and preventing failures. For this purpose, forecasting the evolution of key operational parameters such as temperature is essential. Hence, for this work, we have considered the temperature at the compressor’s screw element outlet. Given its criticality, this parameter is continuously monitored, as beside its operational role, it is considered as a safety indicator enabling to avoid thermal events, moreover it doesn’t require any significant investment. In this paper, we will present a comparison between four machine learning models for predicting this parameter. We have considered using regression models, i.e. Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine and Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM). After the first steps which include data cleaning and preprocessing, feature selection using the correlation analysis and feature importance techniques, the models were trained and evaluated using key metrics: Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), R-squared (R²), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Among the tested models, the GBM has proven a superior performance, explaining, and forecasting 92% of the variance in the temperature at the screw element outlet and achieving the lowest error. Furthermore, A residual analysis confirmed the robustness of the GBM, highlighting its ability to make accurate predictions with minimal bias. This level of accuracy is considered as sufficient through academic as well as industrial lenses. Accurately predicting the outlet temperature is crucial for developing an effective predictive maintenance system, which can proactively prevent failures and optimize compressor performance. Future work focuses on hyperparameter tuning and advanced feature engineering to improve model accuracy and robustness for real-time industrial applications. Additionally, extending the scope of this approach to integrate other equipment, as the compressor is not an isolated machine in the industry but live in an Ecosystem under the utility room and with this, we can ensure the scalability, the integration, and the real-time processing capabilities.
Thicker Posterior Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT) During Peri-arrest Period is Associated Favorable Neurological Outcome at Hospital Discharge in Patients Achieving Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) After IHCA: an Observational Study
Authors: Zhou Tingyuan , Ma Wen , He Yarong , Tang Songling , Jian Mengyao , Yao Peng , Cao Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Moderate overweight in hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) patients tend to have better neurological outcomes after attaining return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), but the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated.
Method: We collected the demographics, clinical and cardiac arrest characteristics, thoracic cage dimension indexes measured from computed tomography (CT) images, and survival and neurological outcome at hospital discharge of the eligible patients. Patients receiving different kind of respiratory support while performing pre-compression and post-compression CT scans were divided into groups and we did the subgroup analysis.
Results: We reviewed the clinical records of 1663 CA patients. After selection, 70 patients were included into this study. We found thicker posterior SAT (pSAT) at the 7/8/10/11 spinous process plane in patients with favorable neurological outcome in post-compression CT images(p<0.05). For patients with favorable neurological outcome receiving one kind of respiratory support during peri-cardiac arrest period, we found significantly thicker pSAT at the 6/7/8/9/10/11 spinous process plane in pre-compression and 7/8/9/10/11/12 spinous plane in post-compression CT images (p<0.05). Patients with favorable neurological outcome receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) in peri-cardiac arrest period had thicker pSAT at the 10/11/12 spinous process plane; for those without MV, thicker pSATs were found at 10/11 spinous process plane in post-compression CT images(p<0.05). We found no difference in bony thorax within different vertebral plane after subgroup analysis (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Thicker posterior SAT depth during peri-cardiac arrest period is associated with favorable neurological outcome at discharge for IHCA survivors. This could partly explain the “obese paradox” that overweight patients have better prognosis after CA. We recommend a multiple vertebral plane thorax measurement for future investigations concerning chest characteristics.
Geomechanical Back Assessment of a Major Ground Collapse of a Twin Tunnel located in the Eastern Section of the Algerian Highway
Authors: N ALLOUACHE Abdelaziz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Highway tunnels are sometimes driven in a challenging ground conditions and technical constrains, within surrounding groundmass with poor mechanical properties, namely the cretaceous soil, which is a highly weathered and degraded rock with scaly structure. These tunnels are often excavated with large cross-sections and often in double-tubes line, leaving a clear spacing between each other, in order to ensure traffic fluidity and security services. High section tunnels usually result in large stress perturbations and deformations leading to a ground collapse phenomenon in misunderstood behaviour conditions of the groundmass, more particularly freeway twin tunnels with clear spacing.
This paper takes into consideration a twin 3-lanes tunnel, part of a national freeway project of around 1200 km, with a non-circular section of a 190 m² each and a clear spacing of 17 m. Given the surrounding rock conditions, mentioned above, at a certain project stage, substantial displacements reached a peak of 41 mm/day, moreover, shotcrete cracks were observed prior to a major collapse extending up to 130 m in the tunnel direction. Back assessment is proposed in this work of post-collapse and ante-collapse main disturbance factors, feedback outcomes will be valuable for the ascertaining and understanding of underground failures phenomenon.
Validation of the QuickDASH (Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand) in Patients with Neck Pain
Authors: Lue Yi-Jing , Cheng Kuang-I , Lin Chih-Lung , Chen Chung-Hwan , Lu Yen-Mou 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Many patients with neck pain have upper limb disorders, and prolonged use of computers at work commonly induces neck/shoulder pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the QuickDASH in patients with neck pain.
Methods
A total of 189 patients with neck pain were included in reliability and validity studies. The reliability studies of the QuickDASH included internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The validity studies for the QuickDASH included the convergent and divergent validities, and EFA and CFA were used to examine the structural validity.
Results
The QuickDASH indicated that most participants (83.6%) had upper limb disorders, and it had a slight floor effect (16.4%). For reliability, the internal consistency (Cα = 0.945) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.98; SEM = 3.17, and MDC = 8.79) were excellent. For validity, the convergent and divergent validities were satisfactory. The QuickDASH had moderate to high correlations to the Neck Disability Index, VAS of the arm, and the Physical Component Summary of the SF-36 (rho = 0.80, 0.56 and − 0.62, respectively) and was not associated with age or disease duration. EFA revealed that two factors of the QuickDASH (Function-factor and Symptom-factor) explained 80.9% of the variance, and CFA confirmed the two-factor model.
Conclusion
The QuickDASH is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing upper limb disorders in patients with neck pain.
КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ТРЕХ РЕВОЛЮЦИЙ В РАБОТАХ Д.С. МЕРЕЖКОВСКОГО
Authors: В.В. ПЕТРОВ 
Published: October 2024

В исследовании анализируются литературно-философские работы Д.С. Мережковского, в которых революционные события 1905 и 1917 гг. рассматриваются в контексте концепции трех последовательных революций — политической, социальной и духовной (религиозной, нравственной). В числе источников, повлиявших на идеи Мережковского, указываются воззрения А.И. Герцена и Ф.М. Достоевского. Также отмечено определяющее влияние Э. Ренана, который интерпретировал проповедь исторического Иисуса и процесс возникновения христианства как всемирную революцию и космический переворот. В этой связи рассматриваются особенности рецепции «Жизни Иисуса» Ренана в России, включая критику его модернизирующего подхода у М.Д. Муретова. Прослеживается эволюция отношения Мережковского к трактовкам христианства у Ренана. Обсуждается концепция трех стадий революции — политической, социальной и духовно-религиозной, о которой Мережковский не уставал говорить, начиная с 1902 г. Апокалиптическое изображение событий 1917–1918 гг. иллюстрируется фрагментами из публикаций Р.В. Иванова-Разумника, футуристов и Андрея Белого, которые обратились к концепции трех этапов революции, введённой Мережковским.
The study analyzes the literary and philosophical works of Dmitry Merezhkovsky, in which the revolutionary events of 1905 and 1917 are treated within the concept of the three successive revolutions — political, social and spiritual (religious, moral). Among the sources that influenced Merezhkovsky’s ideas are the views of Alexander Herzen and Fyodor Dostoevsky. The decisive influence of Ernest Renan is also noted. Renan interpreted the preaching of the historical Jesus and the process of the emergence of Christianity as a universal revolution and a cosmic upheaval, is also analyzed. In this connection, the peculiarities of the reception of Renan’s “Life of Jesus” in Russia, including Mitrophan Dmitrievich Muretov’s criticism of Renan’s modernizing approach, are examined. The evolution of Merezhkovsky’s attitude to Renan’s interpretation of Christianity is traced. The concept of three stages of the revolution — political, social, and spiritual-religious — which Merezhkovsky has repeatedly discussed since 1902, is under consideration. The apocalyptic depiction of the events of 1917–1918 is illustrated with citations from the works of Ivanov-Razumnik, the Futurists, and Andrei Bely, who appealed to the concept of three stages of revolution introduced by Merezhkovsky.