bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allometric relationships between primary size measures and sapwood area for six common tree species in snow-dependent ecosystems in the Southwest United States
Authors: Mitra Bhaskar , Papuga Shirley A. , Alexander M. Ross , Swetnam Tyson Lee , Abramson Nate 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
High-elevation, snow-dependent, semiarid ecosystems across southwestern United States are expected to be vulnerable to climate change, including drought and fire, with implications for various aspects of the water cycle. To that end, much less is known about the dynamics of transpiration, an important component of the water cycle across this region. At the individual-tree scale, transpiration is estimated by scaling mean sap flux density by the hydroactive sapwood area (SA). SA also remains a key factor in effectively scaling individual tree water-use to stand level. SA across large spatial scales is normally established by relating SA of a few trees to primary size measures, e.g., diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), or canopy diameter (CD). Considering the importance of SA in scaling transpiration, the primary objective of this study was therefore to establish six species-specific (aspen, maple, white fir, ponderosa pine, Douglas fir, Englemann spruce) allometric relationships between SA and three primary size measures (DBH, CD, or H) across two high-elevation, snow-dependent, semiarid ecosystems in New Mexico and Arizona. Based on multiple statistical criteria (coefficient of determination, index of agreement, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency) and ease of measurement in the forest, we identified DBH as the primary independent variable for estimating SA across all sites. Based on group regression analysis, we found allometric relationships to be significantly (p < 0.05) different for the same species (ponderosa pine, Douglas-fir) across different sites. Overall, our allometric relationships provide a valuable database for estimating transpiration at different spatial scales from sap flow data in some of our most vulnerable ecosystems.
Adsorption isotherm and thermodynamic studies of As(III) removal from aqueous solutions using used cigarette filter ash
Authors: Zein Al-Salehin Pezhman , Moeinpour Farid , Mohseni-Shahri Fatemeh S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In the present paper, used cigarette filter ash was prepared and used as an active adsorbent to remove As(III) ions from aqueous solutions. The prepared adsorbent structure was identified by scanning electron microscopy analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. The influence of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose and initial concentration of As(III) on the removal of As(III) was assessed. Several isotherm models were checked to illustrate the adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption equilibrium data adapted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption capacity of 33.33 mg/g was acquired from the Langmuir isotherm. The calculated thermodynamic variables verified that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic.
Controlling Lyngbya wollei in three Alabama, USA reservoirs: summary of a long-term management program
Authors: Anderson Wesley T. , Yerby Josh N. , Carlee Jason , Bishop West M. , Willis Ben E. , Horton C. Todd 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Large-scale Lyngbya wollei (Cyanobacteria, Oscillatoriales) infestations are increasing throughout the USA and globally and causing significant obstruction of water resource uses. Decision makers and stakeholders encountering this nuisance organism often seek management options. Many approaches to L. wollei management may be ineffective or not applicable to specific field sites. Chemical control with United States Environmental Protection Agency registered algaecides has shown to be effective, although the specific formulation, concentration, and application frequency can all govern efficacy. This study summarizes results from a long-term and adaptive management program on extensive L. wollei infestations in three central Alabama, USA reservoirs (Lay Lake, Jordan Lake and Lake Mitchell) managed by Alabama Power Company. Multiple treatment strategies including numerous algaecides, combinations and addition of surfactants were used in attempts to control the nuisance cyanobacterium and preserve multiple beneficial functions of the resource. Ultimately, operational shift toward one technology, a double-chelated copper algaecide with surfactants and emulsifiers (Captain® XTR) resulted in more efficient and economical control. There were significant (P < 0.05) decreases in historic L. wollei acres requiring treatment through time on each reservoir. Throughout this study period, a 51.4, 88.1 and 94.7% percent decrease in total nuisance acres treated was realized on Lay Lake, Jordan Lake and Lake Mitchell, respectively. The large-scale and long-term dataset presented herein, covering multiple candidate treatment programs, provides valuable information to guide management decisions on other water resources impacted by L. wollei infestations.
A case of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies that was successfully treated with mizoribine as a safe and effective remission maintenance therapy with prednisolone and plasma exchange
Authors: Ikeda Yuki , Fukunari Kenichi , Uchiumi Saori , Awanami Yuki , Kanaya Akiko , Matsumoto Keiichiro , Fukuda Makoto , Takashima Tsuyoshi , Miyazono Motoaki , Ikeda Yuji 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We herein report the case of myeloperoxidase (MPO) anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis with anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody positivity that successfully treated with mizoribine (MZR) as an immunosuppressive drug for remission maintenance therapy after the initiation of dialysis in addition to plasma exchange (PE) and glucocorticoid treatment to control the disease condition. A 79-year-old woman developed serious renal dysfunction and pulmonary alveolar hemorrhaging due to MPO–ANCA and anti-GBM antibody double-positive vasculitis. She was started on hemodialysis and was treated with methylprednisolone (m-PSL) pulse therapy with PE, followed by oral prednisolone (PSL). The pulmonary alveolar hemorrhaging disappeared, and both antibody titers immediately decreased but then rose again. Thus, m-PSL pulse therapy performed again in combination with combined with MZR treatment. Her poor renal function was irreversible; however, this therapy decreased both antibody titers, and they did not increase again. The patient developed pancytopenia and hyperuricemia. It was considered likely that these conditions developed in association with MZR treatment. We, therefore, measured the patient’s blood concentration of MZR, and the maintenance dose was finally set at 50 mg after each dialysis session. The patient’s pancytopenia and hyperuricemia improved and PSL could be smoothly tapered. This is the first case report of the use of MZR for remission maintenance therapy in a patient on hemodialysis who was positive for both ANCA and anti-GBM antibodies. The findings suggest that MZR can be used safely and effectively in such cases.
Acoustic effects of the coolant mass flow of an electric machine of a hybrid drive train
Authors: Schnell Michael , Gauterin Frank 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this application paper, the influence of the coolant mantle on the acoustic radiation behaviour of a hybrid drive train is investigated. This was done on an electric machine on an acoustic component test bench. The coolant mass flow around the electric machine stator was varied and then completely drained. The electrical machine remained mechanically unchanged; any variations were made to the feed pumps on the test bench side. Triaxial acceleration sensors are glued to the machine housing and reviewed as evaluation criteria. For the evaluation, the square mean value of all three spatial directions of the glued acceleration sensors was calculated. The evaluation shows that there is no significant acoustic difference between an active stator cooling jacket and a stationary stator cooling jacket. If the stator cooling jacket is pumped out empty so that air remains in it, there is a strong reduction in surface acceleration. The observations are confirmed by analytical literature values. The results presented serve as a basis for further work and developments.
Language and perception: Introduction to the Special Issue “Speakers and Listeners in the Visual World”
Authors: Vulchanova Mila , Vulchanov Valentin , Fritz Isabella , Milburn Evelyn A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLanguage and perception are two central cognitive systems. Until relatively recently, however, the interaction between them has been examined only partially and not from an over-arching theoretical perspective. Yet it has become clear that linguistic and perceptual interactions are essential to understanding both typical and atypical human behaviour. In this editorial, we examine the link between language and perception across three domains. First, we present a brief review of work investigating the importance of perceptual features, particularly shape bias, when learning names for novel objects—a critical skill acquired during language development. Second, we describe the Visual World Paradigm, an experimental method uniquely suited to investigate the language-perception relationship. Studies using the Visual World Paradigm demonstrate that the relationship between linguistic and perceptual information during processing is both intricate and bi-directional: linguistic cues guide interpretation of visual scenes, while perceptual information shapes interpretation of linguistic input. Finally, we turn to a discussion of co-speech gesture focusing on iconic gestures which depict aspects of the visual world (e.g., motion, shape). The relationship between language and these semantically-meaningful gestures is likewise complex and bi-directional. However, more research is needed to illuminate the exact circumstances under which iconic gestures shape language production and comprehension. In conclusion, although strong evidence exists supporting a critical relationship between linguistic and perceptual systems, the exact levels at which these two systems interact, the time-course of the interaction, and what is driving the interaction, remain largely open questions in need of future research.
Soil quality and microbiology in response to fertilizations in a paddy-upland rotation with multiple crops and frequent tillage
Authors: Chen Danmei , Duan Yuqi , Jin Yan , Yang Yuhong , Yuan Ling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBoth short- and long-term effects of fertilizers on crops and soils are often studied only in arid or paddy soils, whereas less is known about the long-term effects in paddy-upland rotations, particularly with multiple crops and frequent tillage in subtropical areas. Therefore, an 18-year field experiment was initialized to assess the effects of different types of fertilization (no fertilizer; chemical fertilizer (CF); and manure in combination with CF (MCF)) on yield and soil chemical and microbial properties in a crop rotation involving rice (Oryza sativaL., summer), rapeseed (Brassica campestrisL., winter), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacumL., the following summer), and hairy vetch (Vicia villosaRoth, the following winter). MCF caused higher yields of rapeseed grains and tobacco leaves than CF after 3 or 4 years of implementing the experiment, while rice yields varied little between MCF and CF, with one exception in 2011. Compared with the initial soil properties, providing soil with MCF increased organic matter (OM), while the opposite trend was found with CF. Higher microbial biomasses, enzyme activities, bacterial operational taxonomic units, and richness and diversity indexes of bacterial communities were found in soils receiving MCF, implying the improvement of soil microbial properties in the paddy-upland rotation system with multiple crops and frequent tillage. The experimental soils under varying fertilization were dominated by four bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria, and unclassified groups), which accounted for approximately 70% of the 16S rDNA sequences. Among the top 20 predominant bacteria, 14 were commonly found in all soil samples irrespective of which fertilizer treatment was implemented. Thus, the presence of those bacteria was stable in the soil and to some extent was influenced by fertilization. Most of them were facultative anaerobic bacteria, which can adapt to both anaerobic paddy soil and aerobic drylands. The dominant bacteria at various taxonomic levels found in soils might reflect multiple soil processes such as OM turnover, nutrient cycling, physical structure formation, and xenobiotic detoxification.
Response of shallow-sea benthic foraminifera to environmental changes off the coast of Goa, eastern Arabian Sea, during the last ∼6100 cal yr BP
Authors: Saravanan Ponnusamy , Gupta Anil K. , Zheng Hongbo , Panigrahi Mruganka K. , Tiwari Sameer K. , Rai Santosh K. , Prakasam Muthusamy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe have analysed a 6100-year record of benthic and planktonic foraminifera from inner neritic sediments from Core SK291/GC13, off the Goa coast, eastern Arabian Sea, to understand the response of benthic foraminifera to shallow-marine processes. The benthic foraminiferal assemblage is dominated by Nonion cf. asterizans, Ammonia beccarii, A. gaimardii and Virgulinella fragilis, which have been selected on the basis of a population of 10% or more in any three samples analysed. The planktonic foraminiferal population is sporadic and rare, with Globigerinoides ruber as the predominant species showing a variable trend. The foraminiferal proxies combined with total organic carbon (wt%) and δ13C and δ18O values of Ammonia gaimardii suggest distinct variations, indicating changes in productivity and salinity in the shallow eastern Arabian Sea. The coastal waters off Goa were relatively warmer and less saline between 6100 and 4600, or perhaps to 4200, calibrated years before the present (cal yr BP), corresponding to a stronger monsoon in South and East Asia. The shallow sea was cooler from ~4200 to 2600 cal yr BP in the study area, coinciding with a lower sea surface temperature in the northeastern Arabian Sea and an arid phase in the Indian subcontinent. From 2900 to 2600 cal yr BP the study core exhibits the impacts of short-term cold events, which have earlier been observed in the northeastern Arabian Sea, off Pakistan. During the Little Ice Age, the shallow sea off Goa was less productive.
Big cat in well: an unconventional threat to leopards in southern India
Authors: Gubbi Sanjay , Kolekar Aparna , Chakraborty Pallabi , Kumara Vijaya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Vulnerable leopard Panthera pardus is declining as a result of poaching, habitat loss, retaliatory killing and collisions with vehicles. In the southern Indian state of Karnataka there is also an unconventional threat that has received little attention: leopards accidentally falling into unsecured open wells. During 2008–2017 there were 70 incidents of leopards falling into wells, in 10 of 30 districts, with the greatest number recorded in Udupi district (46%). Leopards were released at the site (40%, n = 28), or assisted to escape on their own or were translocated after rescue (41%, n = 29). Eleven per cent (n = 8) of the leopards died as a result of the fall, and 7% (n = 5) were sent to zoos, with serious injuries. The highest number of falls occurred during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons in districts with high rainfall, which may curtail visibility. Open wells are an emerging threat to the leopard and other animal species, and require covers and the security of a parapet.
‘A lonely old man’: empirical investigations of older men and loneliness, and the ramifications for policy and practice
Authors: Ratcliffe John , Wigfield Andrea , Alden Sarah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLoneliness has become an issue of significant academic, public and policy focus. There has been much research on experiences of loneliness in later life and many accompanying interventions targeting lonely older people. However, there has been a dearth of research on the impact that loneliness can have on older men and the resulting implications for policy and practice. This paper aims to redress this by developing a theoretical framework to improve understanding of older men's constructions and experiences of loneliness. It draws on two qualitative empirical studies: the first explores older men's perceptions of masculinity and loneliness; and the second looks at the effectiveness of a service for older men which was designed to alleviate loneliness among older people more generally. The paper outlines the way in which older men often construct masculinity as an oppressive (hegemonic) requirement, but which can be reformed into ‘positive’ traits of ‘strength of mind’, ‘responsibility’, ‘caring’, ‘helping out’, ‘doing a favour’ and ‘giving something back’, with a consistent yet implicit assumption that enactment of these denotes a ‘proud’ masculine identity. Loneliness, on the other hand, is represented as a subordinate social role, both non-masculine and related to marginalising stereotypes of age. This results in the identification of two important implications for the way in which services can assist in the alleviation of loneliness in older men: that men are more likely to engage with a service that can facilitate the construction of a ‘proud’ masculine identity; and that services which deconstruct hegemonic masculinities, particularly by providing a space where men feel comfortable being emotionally tactile, are likely to be most effective at both alleviating loneliness and promoting overall wellbeing.
A low-profile wideband circularly polarized MIMO antenna with pattern and polarization diversity
Authors: Chaudhary Prashant , Kumar Ashwani , Kanaujia B. K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present work describes a unique planar low-profile wideband circularly polarized Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna operating in the X-band, with pattern and polarization diversity over the entire axial-ratio bandwidth (ARBW). The design is unique in the sense that a simple grounded stub introduced between two linearly polarized monopole antennas has been used to realize wideband circular polarization, pattern diversity, and high isolation between antennas. The ARBW of the MIMO antenna is 2.45 GHz (8.11–10.56) 3 dB and its impedance matching bandwidth is 3.52 GHz (8.07–11.59). The isolation is better than 20 dB. The antenna can be easily adapted to operate other frequency bands by simple frequency scaling. It has been fabricated on an FR-4 substrate and its performance has been compared against several existing available antennas.
The Rare Sides of Twin Research: Important to Remember/Twin Research Reviews: Representation of Self-Image; Twins With Kleine–Levin Syndrome; Heteropaternal Lemur Twins; Risk of Dental Caries/In the Media: High-Society Models; ‘Winkelevii’ Super Bowl Twins; Multiple Birth × Three; Twin Sister Surrogate; A Presidential Twin?
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article explores some rare sides of twin research. The focus of this article is the sad plight of the Dionne quintuplets, born in Canada in 1934. However, several other studies belong in this category, such as Dr Josef Mengele’s horrifying twin research conducted at the Auschwitz concentration camp, Dr John Money’s misguided attempt to turn an accidentally castrated male twin into a female, Russian scientists’ cruel medical study of conjoined female twins and Dr Peter Neubauer’s secret project that tracked the development of separated twins. Reviews of current twin research span twins’ representation of self-image, twins with Kleine–Levin Syndrome, heteropaternal twinning in lemurs and factors affecting risk of dental caries. Media coverage includes a pair of high-society models, a book about the ‘Winkelevii’ twins, Super Bowl twin teammates, a family with three sets of fraternal twins, a twin sister surrogate and a near presidential twin.
The Politics of Religious Pluralism in Indonesia: The Shi'a Response to the Sampang Incidents of 2011–12
Authors: Miichi Ken , Kayane Yuka 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAn increasing number of reports and studies on offenses against religious minorities has been published in Indonesia since the country's democratic transition in 1998. While the literature on intolerance unveils the young democracy's institutional problems which have undermined and eroded minority rights, such as direct elections and the lack of judicial independence, it leaves many critical questions to address. Although the number of victims of religious intolerance increased, in the same institutional settings, a large number of religious minorities has managed to prevent escalating violence and avoid being targeted by intolerant groups. Under what circumstances and how do minorities deter attacks in a time of heightened tension against them under a democratic system that has afforded them little protection? This article sheds light on the case of the Shi'a who suffered a series of attacks in Sampang, Madura in the East Java province, but have since gradually developed resilience. A series of attacks in Sampang in 2011–12 was one of the most destructive events against religious minorities in Indonesia. Examining the Sampang incidents, this article argues that if the religious minority can develop a cohesive network with elements of the majority capable of mobilising state power, it would build a safety net preventing attacks by intolerant groups. Thus, this article aims to develop our understanding of how religious minorities address violence caused by hostile socio-political forces and adapt to Indonesia's democracy.
Tidal Forcing of Interplate Earthquakes Along the Tonga‐Kermadec Trench
Authors: Hirose Fuyuki , Maeda Kenji , Kamigaichi Osamu 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe investigated the spatiotemporal variations of the relation between the levels and phase angles of Earth tidal indices and the occurrence of interplate earthquake events along the Tonga‐Kermadec trench. As tidal indices, we used volumetric strain (ΔV), shear stress (Δτ), normal stress (Δσ), and the Coulomb failure function (ΔCFF; calculated assuming values of 0.1, 0.4, and 0.7 for the apparent friction coefficient, μ′). We found that seismicity correlated with Δσ rather than Δτ and that earthquakes tended to occur when the tidal force promoted fault slip. Earthquakes tend to occur when the tidal stress levels have large positive values and tend to be suppressed when large negative values. We inferred that μ′ is relatively large on the plate boundary along the Tonga‐Kermadec trench, which implies that the response of pore pressure to Δσ is weak. Seismicity at around 20–22°S and 27–29°S was particularly sensitive to Δσ. The b value of the Gutenberg‐Richter relation decreased when the difference between the maximum and minimum tidal principal stresses was high, consistent with the results of rock deformation experiments.