bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Got milk? Got cybersecurity risks! Unraveling ransomware threats in the German dairy industry
Authors: Anton Eduard , Aptyka Helena , Teuteberg Frank 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study aims to explore the vulnerabilities of the dairy industry to ransomware threats, focusing particularly on the upstream supply chain and applying routine activity theory (RAT) to understand the evolving dynamics of cybercrime in critical infrastructure sectors.Design/methodology/approachUtilizing expert interviews and network analysis, this research investigates the exploitation of complex supply chain vulnerabilities by motivated offenders. It delves into the intricate interplay between digital threats and physical supply continuity.FindingsThe study uncovers that ransomware threats transcend digital boundaries, manifesting in disruptions to physical operations and presenting significant risks to food security. It underscores the threat posed by the convergence of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT), emphasizing the urgent need for heightened awareness and robust defenses against this substantial menace.Practical implicationsAddressing cyber vulnerabilities in critical sectors like dairy ensures not only the security of operations but also safeguards broader societal interests such as food security. Collaboration and proactive measures are essential to mitigate potential social and economic disruptions caused by cyber incidents.Originality/valueThis research fills a knowledge gap by shedding light on the nexus between cyber threats and supply chain resilience. It emphasizes the need for industries to adapt traditional defense mechanisms in the face of sophisticated digital adversaries.
Social embeddedness and organisational justice in a UK police force
Authors: Goldrosen Nicholas 
Published: October 2024

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe police officers’ workplace social networks and to examine how police officers’ social ties, in combination with organisational climate, affect their attitudes towards and willingness to report misconduct.Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered from a vignette survey of 86 response police officers in an English county police force. Officers’ attitudes towards misconduct and likelihood of reporting were analysed using multivariable regression models.Findings Descriptively, most officers have a small social network within the force, and police comprise about one-third of their total social networks. Officers were generally highly disapproving of misconduct and expressed they would challenge their peers in most scenarios, though reporting misconduct was somewhat less likely. Perceived peer disapproval of misconduct is a strong predictor of officers’ disapproval of misconduct and expressed likelihood of reporting misconduct. Organisational justice and social embeddedness were not usually associated with the challenging and reporting of misconduct.Originality/value This study is one of only a handful to report information on police officers’ friendship networks in the workplace, and these results show that peer influence remains an important vector for police management to use in promoting prosocial police culture and preventing misconduct.
Leveraging the cultural intelligence of sport employees in the globalized sports industry
Authors: Doh Paul Yuseung , Kim Minjung , Nite Calvin 
Published: October 2024

PurposeIn the contemporary globalized sports industry, it is crucial for sport employees to cultivate an essential capability – cultural intelligence (CQ) – to excel in culturally diverse sport environments. The purpose of this study is to propose a comprehensive conceptual framework of sport employees' CQ for enhancing management practices in sport organizations.Design/methodology/approachBy conducting a thorough literature review of relevant business and sport management literature, this research offers a synopsis of CQ and advocates for the advancement of a developed conceptual framework for sport employees' CQ (CQ-SE).FindingsThe conceptual framework of CQ-SE is proposed to facilitate employees’ effective integration into diverse environments within sport organizations. This framework identifies predictors that enhance sport employees’ CQ, moderating factors to provide deeper insights into these relationships and outcomes at individual, group and organizational levels. We additionally elaborate on the anticipated benefits for stakeholders, given the services provided by sport practitioners.Originality/valueThis study is one of the initial endeavors to conceptualize the concept of CQ for sport employees. This study contributes to the literature on sport organizational culture and human resource management by emphasizing the pivotal role of sport employees’ CQ in promoting greater inclusivity in sport organizations. We encourage sport management researchers to explore the application of CQ in sport contexts and empirically test the relationships proposed in this framework.
The quest for social justice amid war: exploring the role of civil society resilience in Ukraine’s social justice and cohesion
Authors: Reis João Carlos Gonçalves dos 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Russia’s large-scale invasion of Ukraine has inflicted catastrophic consequences, profoundly impacting Ukrainian sustainability across the environment, society and economic dimensions. Despite these challenges, Ukraine’s civilian population has displayed remarkable resilience, emerging as a persistent stronghold amid the turbulence of conflict. In this study, the author has explored the key role of civil society in strengthening resilience and social justice during wartime.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a qualitative multi-method research design, combining a systematic literature review (SLR) and a single case study to understand and describe the phenomenon. The SLR provided a replicable, scientific and transparent conceptual framework, which the case study empirically validated and enriched. Additionally, the Delphi method gathered relevant insights from academic experts and Ukrainian nationals residing in the EU, enhancing this research.

Findings
This research revealed complex social dynamics and community resilience, highlighting various resilience-building efforts undertaken by voluntary organizations and emerging Ukrainian movements. The findings highlight civil society’s pivotal role in promoting resilience and addressing adversity to enhance social justice and unity in Ukraine. Specific contributions include countering disinformation, providing psychosocial support and mobilizing community efforts. Furthermore, the paper identified six key steps that epitomize societal resilience and formulated a conceptual model based on these steps.

Originality/value
This research offers a comprehensive and practical analysis of grassroots organizations’ efforts to sustain social resilience and unity amid war. It builds upon previous studies, extending their scope by providing empirical validation and offering new insights into civil society’s contributions to Ukraine’s defense and social cohesion. The study also explores the obstacles faced by civil society and the implications for Ukraine’s future sustainability and social cohesion.
Native woody species depend on the soil microbiome to establish on burned soils, while non‐native do not
Authors: Escobedo Víctor M. , Acuña‐Rodríguez Ian S. , García Leidy Y. , Torres‐Díaz Cristian , Atala Cristian , Suazo Manuel J. , Gómez‐González Susana , Newsham Kevin K. , Molina‐Montenegro Marco A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Wildfires are important natural disturbances with profound ecological impacts. However, our understanding of how to restore plant–soil microbiome interactions following wildfires remains limited, revealing a key knowledge gap in post‐wildfire ecosystem restoration.

To assess the restoration of plant‐microbiome interactions in fire‐affected ecosystems, we conducted greenhouse experiments simulating wildfire effects on soil collected from Maulino Coastal Forest of central Chile, a biodiversity hotspot. We measured the plant height and photosynthesis over 90 days, and two‐year survival probability, of three common native (Aristotelia chilensis, Nothofagus glauca and N. alessandrii) and three non‐native species (Eucalyptus globulus, Pinus radiata and Genista monspessulana) planted in three soils (unburned, burned and burned soil inoculated with the native microbiome). Available nutrient concentrations (N, P and K) and activities of microbial enzymes (dehydrogenase, β‐glucosidase and urease) were also measured over 360 days.

Available nutrient concentrations were consistently higher in burned and burned‐inoculated soils than in unburned soils. Enzyme activities in unburned and burned‐inoculated soils remained higher than in burned soil, indicating that the native microbiome restored microbial enzyme activities.

The increase in height over 90 days was lower in burned soils compared with unburned soils for native species. However, inoculation with the native microbiome mitigated this negative effect, resulting in height increases similar to those in unburned soils. For non‐native species, burning and inoculation had negligible effects on the height increases. Similar patterns were observed for the increase in photosynthetic rate, with native species showing a reduced rate in burned soils, which was offset by microbiome inoculation, while non‐native species were unaffected by both treatments.

Survival probability of native species declined in burned soil, but was the same in burned‐inoculated soil as in unburned soil. That of non‐native species was unaffected by burning or by inoculation with the native microbiome.

Synthesis and applications. Native microbiomes are evidently promising tools to safeguard ecosystem functionality and mitigate species extinction risks arising from climate change and human‐induced wildfires. We advocate integrating microbiomes into future active restoration strategies for fire‐affected ecosystems.
Exploring the relationship between field available water capacity (AWC) and atypical aging (ATA) development in base wines
Authors: Delaiti Simone , Nardin Tiziana , Roman Tomas , Cappello Nicola , Larcher Roberto , Pedò Stefano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydric stress is a leading cause of atypical aging (ATA) in wine, characterized by unpleasant olfactory notes. The main sensorial and chemical marker of ATA is 2‐aminoacetophenone (AAP). Early detection of ATA before the second fermentation in sparkling wines (SWs) is crucial for producing high‐quality products. Climate change‐induced droughts significantly impact agriculture, including grape farming, particularly in vineyards with shallow soils and reduced available water capacity (AWC). This study examined the relationship between AWC and ATA in base wines (BWs) intended for SW production. Ten vineyards were classified into three AWC categories (low, medium, and high). Hydric stress levels were monitored over two growing seasons to explore their effects on vegeto‐productive behavior and AAP development. During the first vintage, drought conditions led to potentially ATA‐tainted BWs across all AWC classes. The impact varied with AWC, with low‐AWC vineyards experiencing higher stress and producing BWs with elevated AAP levels and vegeto‐productive imbalance. In contrast, the following season had unusual rainfall, resulting in some potentially ATA‐affected BWs, but no significant differences in AAP content or vegeto‐productive balance among the AWC classes were observed. In conclusion, grapevines on low‐AWC soils are at a higher risk of producing faulty BWs, particularly in dry vintages.
Paleoenvironmental Evolution and Organic Matter Enrichment Genesis of the Late Turonian Black Shale in the Southern Songliao Basin, NE China
Authors: BAI Jing , XU Xingyou , LIU Weibin , ZHAO Wenzhi , JIANG Hang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation black shales, deposited in the late Turonian (LTB shales), are the main source rocks of the Songliao Basin. The origins of organic matter enrichment of the shales is a contentious subject fuelling many ongoing debates. This study investigates the genesis of the organic matter‐rich shale by using molecular geochemistry. The LTB shales can be divided into three sections. The Section I shales were deposited in saline, stratified and anoxic water conditions, which are related to seawater incursion events. At least three episodic and periodic seawater incursion events were recognized during Section I shale deposition. The Section II shales deposited in brackish to fresh and deep lake‐level conditions with high primary productivity, which are related to lake‐level transgression. The Section III shales were deposited under fresh and slightly oxidized water conditions, which are related to lake‐level regression. Two organic matter enrichment models for the LTB shales are identified, that is, the seawater incursion model and the maximum lake‐level transgression sedimentation model, which act on different shale sections, both playing significant roles in the enrichment of organic matter.
Robust Timing Constraints for Granitic Magmatism and Hydrothermal Mineralization in the Tieshanlong W‐Sn Ore Field, Eastern Nanling Range, South China
Authors: LI Wei , TANG Juxing , GUO Na , LANG Xinghai , SONG Shiwei , WU Zhongru , PENG Linlin , FANG Xiang , CHEN Binfeng , LIAN Dunmei , LU Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Tieshanlong ore field is an important part of the Nanling Range, which is famous worldwide for its W‐Sn mineralization. Notably, the mineralization age of the Tieshanlong ore field is not well constrained, and our field investigation reveals that granitic emplacement occurred at different stages. However, previous studies have not distinguished these multiple stages of magmatism. The Tieshanlong granite complex is closely related to the Huangsha quartz vein‐type W‐Sn deposit and Tongling skarn‐type Cu‐W‐Sn deposit in this field. Through field investigations and isotopic age analyses, this work studies the relationship between multistage magmatic activity and mineralization in the Tieshanlong ore field. LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb isotope analyses revealed that the first‐ and second‐staged granites formed at 154.2 ± 0.6 Ma (MSDW = 1.4) and 151.2 ± 0.4 Ma (MSDW = 1.5), with zircon εHf(t) values ranging from ‐13.1 to ‐10.5 and from ‐14.7 to ‐11.1, respectively. These data suggest that the Tieshanlong granite complex was derived from the partial melting of ancient crustal material. LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb dating of wolframite and cassiterite reveals that W‐Sn mineralization occurred at 160–150 Ma, which agrees well with the U‐Pb dating results of the second‐staged granite within analytical errors. The magmatic activity in this ore field can be divided into three stages: 175–154 Ma, 154–150 Ma and 150–145 Ma. The quartz vein‐ and skarn‐type W‐Sn mineralization is closely related to second‐staged fine‐grained two‐mica granite, and formed earlier than skarn‐type Cu‐ mineralization. This study establishes a metallogenic model for the Tieshanlong ore field, and this model has important practical significance for identifying concealed W‐Sn(‐Cu) deposits around other granitic complexes in the Nanling Range.
GeoNER: Geological Named Entity Recognition with Enriched Domain Pre‐Training Model and Adversarial Training
Authors: MA Kai , HU Xinxin , TIAN Miao , TAN Yongjian , ZHENG Shuai , TAO Liufeng , QIU Qinjun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs important geological data, a geological report contains rich expert and geological knowledge, but the challenge facing current research into geological knowledge extraction and mining is how to render accurate understanding of geological reports guided by domain knowledge. While generic named entity recognition models/tools can be utilized for the processing of geoscience reports/documents, their effectiveness is hampered by a dearth of domain‐specific knowledge, which in turn leads to a pronounced decline in recognition accuracy. This study summarizes six types of typical geological entities, with reference to the ontological system of geological domains and builds a high quality corpus for the task of geological named entity recognition (GNER). In addition, GeoWoBERT‐advBGP (Geological Word‐base BERT‐adversarial training Bi‐directional Long Short‐Term Memory Global Pointer) is proposed to address the issues of ambiguity, diversity and nested entities for the geological entities. The model first uses the fine‐tuned word granularity‐based pre‐training model GeoWoBERT (Geological Word‐base BERT) and combines the text features that are extracted using the BiLSTM (Bi‐directional Long Short‐Term Memory), followed by an adversarial training algorithm to improve the robustness of the model and enhance its resistance to interference, the decoding finally being performed using a global association pointer algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed model for the constructed dataset achieves high performance and is capable of mining the rich geological information.
Extending phylogenetic regression models for comparing within‐species patterns across the tree of life
Authors: Adams Dean C. , Collyer Michael L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Evolutionary biologists characterize macroevolutionary trends of phenotypic change across the tree of life using phylogenetic comparative methods. However, within‐species variation can complicate such investigations. For this reason, procedures for incorporating nonstructured (random) intraspecific variation have been developed.

Likewise, evolutionary biologists seek to understand microevolutionary patterns of phenotypic variation within species, such as sex‐specific differences or allometric trends. Additionally, there is a desire to compare such within‐species patterns across taxa, but current analytical approaches cannot be used to interrogate within‐species patterns while simultaneously accounting for phylogenetic non‐independence. Consequently, deciphering how intraspecific trends evolve remains a challenge.

Here we introduce an extended phylogenetic generalized least squares (E‐PGLS) procedure which facilitates comparisons of within‐species patterns across species while simultaneously accounting for phylogenetic non‐independence.

Our method uses an expanded phylogenetic covariance matrix, a hierarchical linear model, and permutation methods to obtain empirical sampling distributions and effect sizes for model effects that can evaluate differences in intraspecific trends across species for both univariate and multivariate data, while conditioning them on the phylogeny.

The method has appropriate statistical properties for both balanced and imbalanced data. Additionally, the procedure obtains evolutionary covariance estimates that reflect those from existing approaches for nonstructured intraspecific variation. Importantly, E‐PGLS can detect differences in structured (i.e. microevolutionary) intraspecific patterns across species when such trends are present. Thus, E‐PGLS extends the reach of phylogenetic comparative methods into the intraspecific comparative realm, by providing the ability to compare within‐species trends across species while simultaneously accounting for shared evolutionary history.
Heat exposure promotes sarcopenia via gut microbiota‐derived metabolites
Authors: Guo Yi‐Fan , Liu Zhe‐Yu , Zhou Min , Kuang Wei‐Hong , Liu Ya , Huang Yan , Yin Ping , Xia Zhu‐Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe unprecedented rise in global ambient temperatures in the last decade has significantly impacted human health, yet how heat exposure affects the development of sarcopenia remains enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that chronic heat exposure induces skeletal muscle volume loss, leading to muscle strength and functional decline in mice. The microbiota composition of heat‐exposed mice was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC–MS) was used to explore the effects of heat exposure on the blood metabolome and to further analyze the correlation between blood metabolism and gut microbiota. Transplantation of microbiota from heat‐exposed mice to germ‐free mice was sufficient to increase adverse effects on skeletal muscle function in the host. Mechanistically, using an untargeted metabolomics strategy, we reveal that altered gut microbiota due to high temperatures is associated with elevated serum levels of homocitrulline. Homocitrulline causes mitochondrial dysfunction in myocytes by exacerbating ferroptosis levels. And Nrf2 activator (Oltipraz) supplementation alleviates muscle atrophy and dysfunction induced by heat exposure. Our findings reveal the detrimental effects of heat exposure on muscle function and provide new strategies for treating sarcopenia.
Prenatal alcohol exposure and health at midlife: Self‐reported health outcomes in two cohorts
Authors: Coles C. D. , Shapiro Z. R. , Kable J. A. , Stoner S. A. , Ritfeld G. J. , Grant T. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Hypothesis (DOHaD) suggests prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) should have implications for adult physical and mental health. Since the health profile of older adults with PAE and diagnoses of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is unknown, the current study evaluates self‐reported health problems of midlife adults with and without a history of PAE to describe these outcomes.MethodsParticipants (N = 357) recruited from longitudinal cohorts in Atlanta, GA and Seattle, WA completed a health survey assessing a range of physical conditions. Initial analysis compared the frequency of conditions between alcohol‐exposed and nonexposed groups. To identify patterns within groups, 10 problem areas were subjected to latent class analysis (LCA). Finally, the direct effect of PAE on health outcomes was evaluated using multilevel modeling, controlling for effects of other factors.ResultsCompared with unexposed controls, individuals with PAE reported significantly higher frequencies of problems with hearing, dentition, heart, cancer, gastritis, kidney stones, bladder, diabetes, thyroid, skin, and seizures. LCA found that controls yielded two classes, with 45% reporting sleep and vision problems and 55% reporting sleep, vision, cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and dental problems. The PAE group yielded three classes, with 13% endorsing few health problems, 43% reporting sleep, vision, immune, and dental problems, and 43% reporting sleep, vision, cardiovascular, urinary, endocrine, skin, immune, dental, and gastrointestinal problems. With multivariate analysis, controlling for other influences, PAE was associated directly with hearing, urinary, dental, and gastrointestinal problems. A similar pattern was found for alcohol‐exposed individuals who did and did not meet criteria for fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).DiscussionPatients affected by alcohol may report greater frequency and range of health adversity. That PAE was only uniquely associated with a limited set of problems suggests that many health outcomes in midlife result from an initial vulnerability potentiated by postnatal stress resulting from other associated factors.