bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proboscis Extension Reflex in Apis florea (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Response to Temperature
Authors: Bhattacharyya Manjishtha , Chakraborty Susanta Kumar , Acharya Sankar Kr. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Increased atmospheric temperatures may negatively affect the ecology, biology, and physiology of insect pollinators by increasing asynchrony between pollinator foraging and flowering of angiosperms. Apis florea F. (Hymentoptera: Apidae) is an important pollinator of vegetables and spice plants in India and, compared to other honeybee species native to Asia, tolerates higher temperatures. We tested the effects of three temperatures (25°C ± 0.5°C, 35°C ± 0.5°C, and 42°C ± 0.5°C) on changes in proboscis extension reflex (PER) in A. florea in response to increasing sucrose concentrations (3%, 10%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 70% w/v). Across the six sucrose concentrations, the mean %PER scores of A. florea exposed to 25°C ± 0.5°C were significantly higher than those at 35°C ± 0.5°C and 42°C ± 0.5°C, although the mean %PER scores at 35°C ± 0.5°C and 42°C ± 0.5°C did not vary significantly. This result suggests a possible reduction in A. florea feeding motivation at temperatures above 25°C, which may negatively affect their winter foraging patterns. This could be especially problematic with rising minimum air temperatures in the semiarid lateritic belts of West Bengal, India.
A Review of the Bioactivity of Plant Products AgainstAedes aegypti(Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Gharsan Fatehia Nasser 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe mosquito Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae) is a disease vector for several pathogens that affect human health worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to produce synthetic chemicals that can effectively control mosquitoes; however, these chemicals can also cause a range of environmental and health problems. In the present review, we compiled all available information from the literature between 2005 and 2018 on plant products that have been used to control A. aegypti and tabulated their modes of action. This review classifies these plant-based products according to their bioactivities (toxicity, repellency, feeding deterrence, and oviposition deterrence) and provides new insights, findings, and patterns of their application. Plants contain a wide spectrum of chemical compounds that can effectively control mosquito populations; therefore, they should be developed to control diseases transmitted by mosquitoes. Plant products are mostly safe for human, animal, and environmental health. Moreover, because of the diversity and low use of plant-derived compounds as insect control agents, mosquitoes have not acquired resistance to them. The present review indicated that the bioactivities of many plant compounds can effectively control A. aegypti in laboratory conditions, and the comprehensive cataloging and classification of natural plant product bioactivities in this review will facilitate the search for new applications of these substances in insect pest control strategies.
Phytoseiulus persimilis(Acari: Phytoseiidae) Functional Response in the Biological Control ofTetranychus urticae(Acari: Tetranychidae) Eggs on Rose Foliage Discs
Authors: Chacón-Hernández Julio C. , Cerna-Chávez Ernesto , Vanoye-Eligio Venancio , Ocho-Fuentes Yisa M. , Ordaz-Silva Salvador , Soria-Díaz Leroy , Landeros-Flores Jerónimo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe functional response of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) preying on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) eggs on leaf discs of three varieties of rosebush was determined at eight time intervals (0–2, 2–4, 4–6, 6–8, 8–10, 10–12, 12–24, and 0–24 h). Some differences in handling time (Th) and attack rate (a′) among the three plant varieties (Royalty, Pareo, and Starlite) were observed, but the functional response on the three varieties shifted from Type II to Type III at three time intervals within the 24-h observation. The observed shift in functional response was likely due to different rates of attack and handling times linked to the prey and the plant variety.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Diabetic Patients toward Herbal Products in Iran: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Talaei Behrouz , Asghari Golaleh , Mirmiran Parvin , Azizi Fereidoun , Bahreini Shohreh 
Published: August 2019

Background: Considering that herbal medicines are commonly used for treatment or management of type 2 diabetes, the aim of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of patients with diabetes regarding herbal products. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 421 patients with diabetes who referred to the Iran Diabetes Association in Tehran, Iran in 2014. The KAP of participants on herbal products were determined by a pre-designed questionnaire containing close ended questions. Results: The participnats' age Mean ± SD was 38.0 ± 20.6 years. Of 421 participants, 163 used some type of herbal products during the past year for controlling diabetes. Of these patients, 40 to 60% did not have knowledge about the possibility and desirability of using herbs along with or instead of the anti-diabetic chemical drugs. However, 71% of patients believed that they could not use herbal products without physician's prescription. Participants had a negative attitude towards using herbal products instead of conventional drugs, especially without the physician's prescription (40–60% of patients). Among users of herbal products, 53.0% believed that these products caused no side effects. One-third of patients used herbal products at least once a month for controlling or treating their disease. Most participnats (64.4%) informed their physiciens about consumingherbal drugs and 15.8% had self-prescribed use of these herbal products. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that nearly a third of patients with diabetes used herbal remedies and most of them considered these products safe. However, more than half of the patients informed their physician about using herbal medicines.
The Most Important Criteria for Selection of Foods in Yazd
Authors: Safavizadeh Vahid , Alizadeh-Sani Mahmood , Rostami Mohammadreza , Aman Mohammadi Masoud , Heydari Ali 
Published: August 2019

Background: Selection of the right foods is the first step to have a healthy society. Food selection criteria depend on the food characteristics and food culture in an area. One of the most important factors in selection of the food items is the individuals' social differences and gender issues. Methods: In this paper, 500 people were selected from Yazd city. Later, this population was categorized into four categories of 125 and the types of food choices were investigated in each category. The data were analyzed to evaluate the groups using SPSS 16. Results: The results showed that the most important factor in selecting a food type was brand, whereas, the least important one was awards and lotteries. The price is the most important criterion for shopping in downtown areas and its rate was higher in men. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the brand, price, and physical and emotional characteristics of food items had greater impact on buyers.
The Association between Diet Quality and Anxiety among Young Couples in Shiraz: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Salehi Mobarakeh Mahoor , IEftekhari Mohammad Hassan I 
Published: August 2019

Background: Mental disorders impose a significant health and economic burden on both developed and developing countries. The relationship between nutrition and mental disorders has become an important topic of interest in recent years. Therefore, identification of modifiable risk factors for anxiety is a serious and critical research imperative. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the “diet quality index international” (DQI-I) and anxiety as a major subject. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 194 men and women, who were randomly selected to perform the routine examinations before marriage. In this research, socio-demographic and anthropometric indicators, such a dietary intake1 and mental health were measured. To measure the former, a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied and to determine the latter, a short version of the self-report depression, anxiety, and stress scale questionnaire (DASS-21) was used. Results: Univariate and multivariate linear regressions of anxiety and DQI score demonstrated significant association between DQI score and anxiety in all participants. A negative correlation was also seen between DQI score and anxiety in all participants. The anxiety scores reported for males and females did not introduce a significant difference. Adjustments for age, education, income, job, smoking, physical activity, and body mass index did not change the aforementioned associations. Conclusion: In this study, a significant association was observed between diet quality and the risk of mental disorders. The increase in DQI in participants caused a remarkable reduction in their level of anxiety. A healthy diet proved to be inversely associated with anxiety, while unhealthy dietary patterns were associated with increased risk of anxiety.
Antimicrobial Activity and Chemical Composition of Pistachia Atlantica Gum Sub Sp. Kurdica. Essential Oil
Authors: Ellahi Hasan , Khalili Sadrabad Elham , Hekmatimoghaddam Seyed Hossein , Jebali Ali , Sadeghizadeh-yazdi Jalal , Rastiani Fatemeh , Akrami Mohajeri Fateme 
Published: August 2019

Background: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) and Listeria monocytogenes are considered as important foodborne pathogens. Pistachia atlantica sub sp. Kurdica, called wild pistachio, has been known as an antimicrobial compound. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of this essential oil (EO) on some of foodborne pathogens. Methods: The EO of Pistachia atlantica was obtained by hydro-distillation and analyzed by GC-MASS. The antibacterial effects of Pistachia atlantica were evaluated at two concentrations of 10 and 15 µL against Staphylococcus aureus, E. Coli, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes using disk diffusion method. The analysis was done by SPSS. Results: In the current study, α-pinene (92.5%) and ß-pinene (1.62%) were the main components of Pistachia atlantica EO. The EO was most effective on Salmonella enterica, whereas, its effect on Listeria monocytogenes was the weakest. The results showed a significant difference in reducing Salmonella enterica in comparison to others (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The EO has inhibitory effects on the studied bacteria. Therefore, this EO can be used as a natural preservative to extend the shelf life of foods.
DEBT CONTRACTS AND CAPITAL STRUCTURE ADJUSTMENT SPEED IN THE TEHRAN STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Farhadi Zahra , Kermani Narjes Kamali , Najafabadi Abdolhossein Talebi , Vahdani Mohammad 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of the Study: A competitive market and the complexity of the business environment led to the special attention of practitioners in the field of economics to the capital structure and, especially, economic units of debts. The current study investigates the relationship between debt contracts and changes in the capital structure of 114 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2011 to 2016.
Methodology: In this research, the data was extracted, classified, and calculated by using Excel software and ultimately, the hypotheses were tested at a 95% confidence level through E-views‏ ‏and Stata software.
Conclusions / Results: The results indicate that there is no significant relationship among debt contracts, debt contract restrictions, and debt contract in the unfavorable financial conditions with the capital structure adjustment speed in the companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange in the studied time interval, but this relationship is visible between two variables of debt contracts and capital structure adjustment speed in the companies that have a high financial leverage.
Novelty: The study of financing of leveraging methods is very important in considering different factors. That is, choosing any cheap or expensive debt on the part of the company, while changing the cost of capital, will create favorable profit opportunities or lead to a critical situation. Accordingly, the present research in the subject area, time, and place of interest can overcome the doubts of stakeholders in the mindset of companies.
STUDENT AND TEACHER PERSPECTIVES ON FACTORS TO SUCCESS AND ATTRITION IN ENGINEERING MINI-MOOC USING TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)
Authors: Yee Lee Gwyneth Ka 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: To keep abreast of the latest educational development and to enrich student learning. Vocational Training Council (VTC) is among the first vocational institutions in Hong Kong for piloting massive open online courses (MOOCs) (which are being referred as mini-MOOCs here) on various disciplines. This paper examines one of the mini-MOOCs we have developed for the Engineering discipline. The aim of this study is to gather information and investigate the influencing factors that contribute to the success and attrition in the Engineering mini-MOOC.
Methodology: These insights come from the empirical study conducted in a mini-MOOC titled “Unauthorized Buildings Works” (UBWs), which was being implemented as a blended activity in the module. Two groups of second-year students from the higher diploma in construction were selected to participate in non-MOOC (i.e., the control group) and MOOC (i.e., the experimental group) classes over two years. The mini-MOOC subjects were invited to complete questionnaires and attend a focus group interview upon completion of the activity.
Main Findings: The analysis yielded striking results, which led to a discussion on the contributing factors to success and attrition in the Engineering mini-MOOC using Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).
Implications: Due to limited resources in the research, the methods of data collection were different over two years of study. An implication of this is that an enhanced methodology is needed to determine the academic effectiveness of the mini-MOOC and achieve the consistency of the findings.
Novelty/Originality: The present study contributes to significant findings in how TAM factors and external variables influenced the usage of mini-MOOC from the perspectives of both learners and teachers.
ONLINE FORUMS: COMMUNICATION MODEL, CATEGORIES OF ONLINE COMMUNICATION REGULATION AND NORMS OF BEHAVIOR
Authors: Bylieva Daria , Lobatyuk Victoria , Safonova Alla 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of the study: The paper addresses the issue of regulating Internet communication activities in the context of online forums. The study aims to create a forum communication model identifying the areas subject to social regulation and defining the most common types of norms
Methodology: The study draws upon the semiotic method to develop a new communication model based on classical theories. Quantitative empirical studies are also used. The rules and guidelines of 1,205 online forums were analyzed to identify the most common norms.
Main Findings: Communicators and moderators access the forum communication space via user accounts and create a sign system. Some categories, such as a ban on deceptive or offensive content, are similar to those used in offline life. Other regulations are Internet-specific in that they are determined by inherent challenges of online communication (for example, account cloning) or by the way a forum is structured.
Applications of this study: The findings related to the forum rules are presented in a summarized manner, although the rules vary slightly in reality, depending on the forum topic. The prevalence of deviant behaviors on online forums was also beyond the scope of this study. The study was based on the rules of Russian- and English-speaking forums, and it should be noted that language differences could influence the results.
Social Implications: The evolving social interactions on the Web require regulations, which can differ significantly from those used offline. The study of social norms on the Internet allows us to trace what types of online behavior are now considered deviant and examine the current potential of Internet self-regulation.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The study developed a new communication model for categorizing online communication norms. Major categories of online communication behavior regulation were identified and the most popular types of social norms were determined.
LEADING CHANGE: CONVINCING PEOPLE AGAINST THE STATUS QUO
Authors: E. Evans Gerald , G. Evans Michael 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate resistance to change. This is a well-documented phenomenon in the change literature. Overcoming this resistance is a critical component to effective change leadership.
Methodology: A structured interview technique was employed using a survey instrument that guided the interview pro- cess. Interviews were completed with 89 individuals. A snowball sampling technique was employed beginning with 30 undergraduate students who each completed the interview.
Main Findings: This research indicates that individuals who are dissatisfied with the status quo are less likely to resist change. Individuals who perceived that the current status served them well and met their current needs were less likely to embrace or support proposed changes to the status quo. This perception demonstrates risk aversion to potential losses. Conversely, individuals who perceived that the current state did not serve them well or meet their current needs and interests were more likely to embrace and support proposed changes to the status quo demonstrating risk - seeking in the face of potential gains.
Implications: The results can be applied as an effective method for moving people through the change process by convinc- ing them that the current situation has low utility.
Novelty: This paper is one of only a few instances where Prospect Theory and loss aversion has been linked to resistance to change.
Genome-wide identification, molecular evolution, and expression analysis provide new insights into the APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factor superfamily in Dimocarpus longan Lour
Authors: Zhang Shuting , Zhu Chen , Lyu Yumeng , Chen Yan , Zhang Zihao , Lai Zhongxiong , Lin Yuling 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Backgroud: APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors perform indispensable roles in various biological processes, and it has been identified in many plants. However, little is known about the AP2/ERF superfamily in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.). The release of the whole-genome sequence of longan provided us an opportunity to perform a genome-wide investigation of AP2/ERF superfamily.
Results: In the present study, we performed a genome-wide survey of AP2/ERF superfamily longan (DlAP2/ERF), including the gene structure, motif composition, phylogenetic, cis-acting element, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (InDels), alternative splicing (AS) events and the expression patterns. In total, 125 DlAP2/ERF genes were identified and classified into four families, including AP2 (19 members), ERF (101 members), RAV (four members) and Soliost (one member) in the longan genome. The AP2 and soloist genes possessed one to ten introns, while 87 genes within the ERF and RAV family had no introns. A large number of hormone signaling and stress response cis-acting elements were also identified. Besides, a large number of SNPs existed in the DlAP2/ERF superfamily, they may be deverse in the early somatic embryogenesis and stem of longan. However, the numbers of InDels was far less than SNPs. In addition, the AP2 family members existed a large number of AS events in different developmental processes of longan. Expression patterns analysis revealed that the AP2 family may promote the early somatic embryogenesis of longan, and DlAP2/ERF genes were specifically expressed in various organs such as seed, root, flower and young-fruit. The DlAP2/ERF genes can response to exogenous phytohormones, such as 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Abscisic acid (ABA), Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and Salicylic acid (SA). Protein interactions prediction indicated that the Baby Boom (BBM) protein may interacted with LALF/AGL15 network and was up-regulated expression at the transcriptional level in the early somatic embryogenesis of longan.
Conclusions: A comprehensive analysis of molecular evolution and expression patterns showed that AP2/ERF superfamily played an important role in longan, especially in the early somatic embryogenesis, seed, root, flower and young-fruit. This systematic analysis provided the foundation for further functional characterization of AP2/ERF superfamily with an aim of longan improvement.
Determinants of Dietary Diversity among Pregnant Women Attending Public Health Facilities in Hossana town,South Ethiopia
Authors: Kobiro Degefa Helamo , Delil Romedan , Zinab Beakal , Tamiru Desalegn 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: Dietary diversity refers to increasing the consumption of a variety of foods across and within the food groups, adequate and diversified diets during pregnancy is essential for fetus health, body maintenance and enhancement of maternal health through protection of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Hence, this study was targets to assess dietary diversity and its determinants among pregnant women of public health facilities in Hossana town, south Ethiopia
Methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was applied among selected 303 pregnant women in Hossana town from June 1 to July 15, 2018. Systematic random sampling procedure was employed to recruit study participants. Data were collected using an interviewer administered pretested semi-structured questionnaire, one week dietary consumption was used to compute women dietary diversity score. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistic regression were done to isolate predictors of dietary diversity.
Result: The prevalence of low, medium and high women’s dietary diversity was 9.2, 48.2 and 42.6% respectively. Educational status (AOR=2.1; 95%CI: 4.8, 15.2), monthly income (AOR=2.1; 95% CI: 4.8, 15.2), nutritional education (AOR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.2, 4.4) and frequency of eating (AOR=12.9; 95% CI: 3.1, 52) were meaningfully associated with women dietary diversity.
Conclusions: In this study women educational status, monthly income, receiving nutritional education and frequency of eating were determinants of women dietary diversity. Efforts should be strengthened towards improving women educational level, delivery of nutritional education and enhance frequency of eating among pregnant women to advance dietary diversity.
Keywords: Dietary diversity, Determinants, Pregnancy