bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct assessment of adherence and drug interactions in patients with hypertensive crisis—A cross‐sectional study in the Emergency Department
Authors: Wallbach Manuel , Lach Nadine , Stock Johanna , Hiller Henrik , Mavropoulou Eirini , Chavanon Myra‐Lynn , Neurath Hartmud , Blaschke Sabine , Lowin Elena , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph , Müller Gerhard A. , Koziolek Michael J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThough drug adherence is supposed to be low in hypertensive crisis (HTN‐C), there are no data available from direct adherence assessments. The aim of the present study was to evaluate adherence to prescribed antihypertensives and potential interactions of concomitant drugs and foods with prescribed antihypertensives in patients with HTN‐C by a direct evaluation via biochemical urine analysis. In the present cross‐sectional study, 100 patients with HTN‐C, admitted to the emergency department (ED), were included. A biochemical urine analysis using gas chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry was performed. Out of 100 patients, 86 received antihypertensives. Urine analyses could be evaluated unambiguously in 62 patients. In 15 of these 62 patients (24%), a nonadherence could be demonstrated, and in 21 patients (34%), a partial nonadherence could be demonstrated. Patients with nonadherence or partial nonadherence showed a longer hypertension history (15[5‐22] vs 10[3‐15] years, P = 0.04) were prescribed more general medication (number 7.1 ± 3.4 vs 3.4 ± 1.8; P < 0.01) as well as antihypertensive drugs (number 2.8 ± 1.1 vs 1.5 ± 0.7, P < 0.01). A potential BP‐raising trigger by medications or food interaction was frequently detectable, predominantly with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; n = 38), glucocorticoids (n = 8), antidepressants (n = 10), and licorice (n = 10). Nonadherence and partial nonadherence to prescribed antihypertensives might play a crucial role for the occurrence of HTN‐C. However, further case‐controlled studies are needed to confirm the present findings. Ingestion of concurrent over‐the‐counter drugs such as NSAIDs but also prescribed drugs as well as aliments may lead to critical BP elevation. In order to prevent HTN‐C, the present findings emphasize the importance for clinicians to pay attention to the issue of adherence and co‐medication.
LncRNA DUXAP9‐206 directly binds with Cbl‐b to augment EGFR signaling and promotes non‐small cell lung cancer progression
Authors: Zhu Ting , An Shu , Choy Man‐Ting , Zhou Junhao , Wu Shanshan , Liu Shihua , Liu Bangdong , Yao Zhicheng , Zhu Xun , Wu Jueheng , He Zhenjian 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathology of various tumours, including non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of their specific association with NSCLC have not been fully elucidated. Here, we report that a cytoplasmic lncRNA, DUXAP9‐206 is overexpressed in NSCLC cells and closely related to NSCLC clinical features and poor patient survival. We reveal that DUXAP9‐206 induced NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis by directly interacting with Cbl‐b, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, and reducing the degradation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and thereby augmenting EGFR signaling in NSCLC. Notably, correlations between DUXAP9‐206 and activated EGFR signaling were also validated in NSCLC patient specimens. Collectively, our findings reveal the novel molecular mechanisms of DUXAP9‐206 in mediating the progression of NSCLC and DUXAP9‐206 may serve as a potential target for NSCLC therapy.
Association of renal arteriosclerosis and hypertension with renal and cardiovascular outcomes in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients with diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Shimizu Miho , Furuichi Kengo , Toyama Tadashi , Funamoto Tomoaki , Kitajima Shinji , Hara Akinori , Iwata Yasunori , Sakai Norihiko , Takamura Toshinari , Kitagawa Kiyoki , Yoshimura Mitsuhiro , Kaneko Shuichi , Yokoyama Hitoshi , Wada Takashi ,   Kanazawa Study Group for Renal Diseases and Hypertension
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present retrospective study investigated the impact of renal arteriosclerosis (AS) and hypertension (HT) on long‐term renal and cardiovascular outcomes in Japanese type 2 diabetes patients with biopsy‐proven diabetic nephropathy.Materials and MethodsA total of 185 patients were enrolled. Patients were divided into four groups stratified by renal AS status and the presence of HT. The outcomes for this study were the first occurrence of renal events (a need for dialysis or a 30% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline) and cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, coronary intervention or non‐fatal stroke).ResultsThe proportion of renal AS scores ≥1 was 88.3% among patients with normal‐range blood pressure (BP) and 95.4% among patients with HT. During a mean follow‐up period of 7.6 years, 129 episodes of renal composite events and 55 episodes of cardiovascular events were observed. Compared with patients with no renal AS and normal‐range BP, a renal AS score ≥1 increased the risk of renal composite events with a multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio of 3.21 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.27–8.14) in patients with normal‐range BP and 4.99 (95% CI 1.98–12.54) in patients with HT, whereas renal AS score ≥1 increased the risk of cardiovascular events with a multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio of 6.06 (95% CI 1.24–29.61) in patients with normal‐range BP and 10.02 (95% CI 1.92–52.39) in patients with HT.ConclusionsRenal AS was associated with increasing risks for renal composite events and cardiovascular events in both normal‐range BP and HT. The risks of renal composite events and cardiovascular events were the highest in both renal AS and HT.
Independent links between plasma xanthine oxidoreductase activity and levels of adipokines
Authors: Furuhashi Masato , Matsumoto Megumi , Murase Takayo , Nakamura Takashi , Higashiura Yukimura , Koyama Masayuki , Tanaka Marenao , Moniwa Norihito , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Saitoh Shigeyuki , Shimamoto Kazuaki , Miura Tetsuji 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionXanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a rate‐limiting enzyme that catalyzes uric acid formation in the purine metabolism, is involved in an increase in reactive oxygen species. Plasma XOR activity has been shown to be associated with obesity, smoking, liver dysfunction, hyperuricemia, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.Materials and MethodsThe association between plasma XOR activity, measured by using liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, and levels of adipokines, including adiponectin, fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), was investigated in 282 participants (male/female: 126/156) of the Tanno‐Sobetsu Study who were not taking medication.ResultsWomen had lower plasma XOR activity than did men. Smoking habit was associated with increased activity. Plasma XOR activity was positively correlated with concentrations of FABP4 (r = 0.192, P < 0.001) and FGF21 (r = 0.208, P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance as an index of insulin resistance and uric acid, and was negatively correlated with adiponectin level (r = −0.243, P = 0.001). Multivariate regression analyses showed that levels of adiponectin, FABP4 and FGF21 were independent determinants of plasma XOR activity after adjusting age, sex, uric acid and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. With additional adjustment of smoking habit, the level of FABP4, but not that of adiponectin or FGF21, remained as an independent predictor of plasma XOR activity.ConclusionsPlasma XOR activity was independently associated with levels of adipokines in a general population of individuals not taking medication.
Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs in Long‐Term Care Settings: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Wu Julie Hui‐Chih , Langford Bradley J. , Daneman Nick , Friedrich Jan O. , Garber Gary 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDAntimicrobial stewardship programs have been established in hospitals, but less studied in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs), a setting with unique challenges related to patient populations and available resources. This systematic review sought to provide a comprehensive assessment of antimicrobial stewardship interventions implemented in LTCFs, using meta‐analysis to examine their impact on overall antimicrobial use.METHODSElectronic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL (1990 to July 2018) identified any antimicrobial stewardship interventions in LTCFs, with no restriction on patient population, study design, or outcomes. Intervention components were categorized using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care taxonomy on implementation strategies. Random‐effects meta‐analysis used ratio of means to facilitate pooling of different metrics of antimicrobial use.RESULTSEighteen studies (one randomized controlled trial [RCT], four cluster RCTs, four controlled pre/post studies, and nine uncontrolled pre/post studies) met inclusion, using 13 different antimicrobial stewardship intervention strategies; 15 studies used multifaceted (maximum, seven; median, four) interventions. The three most commonly implemented strategies were educational materials, educational meetings, and guideline implementation. Intervention labor intensity and resource requirements varied considerably among interventions. Meta‐analysis of 11 studies demonstrated that antimicrobial stewardship strategies were associated with a 14% reduction in overall antimicrobial use (95% confidence interval = −8% to −20%; P < .0001), with similar results by study design but high heterogeneity (I2 = 86%) for the uncontrolled pre/post study subgroup and no heterogeneity (I2 = 0%) for the cluster RCT and controlled pre/post study subgroups. Funnel plot analysis suggested publication bias, with a lack of publication of smaller studies showing increased antibiotic use.CONCLUSIONAntimicrobial stewardship strategies implemented in long‐term care vary considerably in design and resource intensity, but collectively suggest potential to reduce antimicrobial use in this challenging setting. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:392–399, 2019.
Protein Intake and Risk of Falls: A Prospective Analysis in Older Adults
Authors: Sandoval‐Insausti Helena , Pérez‐Tasigchana Raúl F. , López‐García Esther , Banegas José R. , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando , Guallar‐Castillón Pilar 
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUNDThe prospective association between protein intake and falls has been little studied. We assessed this association in a Spanish community‐dwelling cohort.METHODSWe performed a prospective cohort study of 2464 men and women 60 years or older who were recruited in 2008‐2010 and followed up through 2012. At baseline, the habitual protein intake was determined with a validated dietary history. At the end of follow‐up, participants reported the number of falls experienced in the preceding year. Participants were stratified by an unintentional weight loss of 4.5 kg or more. Logistic regression was used after adjustment for the main confounders.RESULTSA total of 522 participants (21.2%) experienced at least one fall. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of falling for the three increasing tertiles of total protein intake were 1.00, 0.86 (0.66‐1.11), and 0.93 (0.70‐1.24) (p for trend = 0.14). However, a statistically significant interaction with unintentional weight loss was observed for the association between protein intake and fall risk (p for interaction = 0.004). Among 163 participants (6.6%) who experienced unintentional weight loss, the ORs (95% CI) of falling for the three increasing tertiles of total protein intake were 1.00, 0.68 (0.21‐2.23), and 0.23 (0.05‐1.08) (p for trend = 0.01).CONCLUSIONNo protective association between protein intake and fall risk in older adults was found. However, high total protein intake tended to confer substantial benefits to participants who experienced an unintentional weight loss of 4.5 kg or more in the preceding year. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:329–335, 2019.
WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ON THE FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT LOCATION (COUNTRY) CHOICE? A REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA
Authors: Noon Paul , De Vita Glauco , Appleyard Lindsey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDespite a longstanding debate, at both a theoretical and empirical level, research on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and intellectual property rights (IPRs) remains scant and ambiguous. As a result, the link between IPR strength and multinational enterprises’ (MNEs) propensity to invest is unproven and seemingly dependent on a number of factors. We critically review the theory and evidence of the influence of IPRs on FDI and MNEs’ investment location (country) decisions both to ‘take stock’ of existing knowledge of this relationship and, by identifying gaps in, and shortcomings of prior work, develop a fruitful research agenda. We find that existing empirical work on the IPR–FDI nexus, though skewed in favour of a positive relationship between IPR protection and FDI, is fragmented, inconclusive and unable to square the conflicting theoretical predictions on how the strength of IPRs can affect MNEs’ FDI location decisions. Several issues and challenges are highlighted to explain the difficulties of the collective body of past empirical work to provide a definite answer to the question of the impact of IPRs on FDI, from which valuable recommendations are proposed to guide future applied research.
Management of post‐myocardial infarction ventricular septal defects: A critical assessment
Authors: Omar Sabry , Morgan Garrison L. , Panchal Hemang B. , Thourani Vinod , Rihal Charanjit S. , Patel Ruchi , Kherada Nisharahmed , Egbe Alexander C. , Beohar Nirat 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundPost‐myocardial infarction (MI) ventricular septal defects (PIVSD) are an uncommon but life‐threatening complication of acute MI. Although surgical closure has been the standard of care, mortality, and recurrence of VSD remain high even after emergent surgery. Transcatheter VSD closure (TCC) devices have become an alternative or adjunct to surgical closure.MethodsOnline database search was performed for studies that included adults with PIVSD who underwent medical treatment (MT) alone, surgical closure (SC) (early or late), and TCC (early, late, or for post‐surgical residual VSD).ResultsTwenty‐six studies were included with a total of 737 patients who underwent either MT (N = 100), SC (early (n = 167), late (n = 100)), and TCC (early (n = 176), late (n = 115), or post‐surgical residual VSD (n = 79)). The 30‐day mortality among MT group was 92 ± 6.3%, among SC was 61 ± 22.5% (early 56 ± 23%, late 41 ± 30%), and for all TCC patients was 33 ± 24% (early 54 ± 32.7%, late 16 ± 26%), and TCC for post‐surgical residual VSD 11 ± 34.9%. The mortality among overall SC, overall TCC and early TCC groups was significantly lower as compared with the MT (P < 0.001 for all comparisons). The overall mortality among all TCC, and late TCC groups was significantly lower when compared with the late SC (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionClosure of PIVSD decreases mortality as compared with MT alone and should be attempted as early as possible after diagnosis. Selection of TCC versus SC should be based on factors including complexity of the defect, availability of closure devices, expertise of the operator, and clinical condition of patient.
Finite Element Stress Analysis of Applied Forces to Implants and Supporting Tissues Using the “All‐on‐Four” Concept with Different Occlusal Schemes
Authors: Türker Nurullah , Büyükkaplan Ulviye S. , Sadowsky Steven J. , Özarslan Mehmet M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate stress distributions on implants and alveolar bone due to occlusal load produced during chewing by prostheses prepared according to the All‐on‐Four concept with different occlusal schemes using a finite element analysis method.Materials and MethodsOn standard jaw models, teeth were set in accordance with the basic standards of canine‐guided occlusion, group function occlusion, bilateral balanced occlusion (BBO), lingualized occlusion, and monoplane occlusion schemes. Three‐dimensional (3D) images of these models were obtained using a surface scanner. Implants, superstructures, the maxilla, and mandible were modeled in the All‐on‐Four concept with 3D modeling software. Forces were defined on contacts formed in maximum intercuspation, lateral, and protrusive movement position for all 5 occlusion types. Stress outputs were recorded as maximum and minimum principal stresses (Pmax, Pmin) and von Mises stress values for the implants.ResultsThe highest Pmax value for the maxilla was observed in cortical bone in the group function occlusion during lateral movement (15.56 MPa). For the mandible, the highest Pmax value was observed on the cortical bone in maximum intercuspation of lingualized occlusion (72.75 MPa). The highest Pmin value for the maxilla was observed during the lateral movement in group function and for the mandible in BBO (–29.23 and –86.31 MPa, respectively). The lowest stress values were observed with canine‐guided occlusion in all related conditions and on all structures.ConclusionsWith the limitations of this simulation study, considering stresses on alveolar bone and implants in All‐on‐Four applications, the use of canine‐guided occlusion may be suggested.
Quercetin and 3-O-methylquercetin in vitro skin layers permeation/retention from hydrogels: why only a methoxy group difference determines different behaviors?
Authors: Schwingel Liege C , Bianchi Sara E , Zorzi Giovanni K , Gonçalves Paulo , Teixeira Helder F , Bassani Valquiria L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
The present study was designed to verify if quercetin (QCT), a flavonoid with antioxidant and antiviral activity, and 3-O-methylquercetin (3OMQ), a quercetin C3-methoxylated derivative, present differences in their behavior against complexation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and the corresponding permeation/retention trhough porcine ear skin, when incorporated into hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or chitosan (CS) hydrogels.

Methods
The influence of β-CD on the skin permeation/retention of QCT and 3OMQ from hydrogels is comparatively evaluated for both flavonoids using porcine ear skin in Franz cells model. The properties of the two flavonoids using the semi-empirical method Recife Model was studied.

Key findings
Quercetin presented higher skin retention compared with its C3-methoxy derivative 3OMQ. The best permeation/retention of QCT was observed when it was incorporated into CS hydrogel containing 5% β-CD, whereas, for 3OMQ, the HPMC hydrogel containing 5% β-CD was the best formulation. The flavonoids complexation with β-CD in water occurred preferentially with the insertion of the B ring through the secondary OH rim.

Conclusions
The dynamic molecular modeling revealed that the methyl group at C3 in 3OMQ molecule determined significant difference in its complexation with β-CD, in comparison to its analogous QCT and that difference is coincident with the permeation behavior of these flavonoids, denoting a possible relationship with their molecular dynamics.
Sleep characteristics, sources of perceived stress and coping strategies in adolescent athletes
Authors: Skein Melissa , Harrison Tristan , Clarke Deborah 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of the study was to examine sleep characteristics, scheduling of activities, perceived stress and coping strategies between periods of perceived high and low scheduling commitments in adolescent athletes. Twenty adolescents (10 male and 10 female) wore an Actiwatch during two 14‐day testing periods, one in in January (JAN), which was deemed to be a period of low school and sport commitments, and one in March (MAR), during which there was a high volume of school and sport commitments. Actiwatches and sleep diaries assessed sleep quantity and quality, a daily schedule of all activities in 30‐min increments was recorded and questionnaires related to perceived stress and coping strategies were administered. Time in bed and asleep, latency, efficiency and number of awakenings were not different between JAN and MAR (p > 0.05). Sleep durations were lower than their age‐related recommendations (JAN 449 ± 47 min versus MAR 437 ± 31 min). Examination of differences between sexes showed shorter latency and higher sleep efficiency in female participants compared with male participants. Participants spent more time at school, completing homework, and travelling to and competing in sport, with reduced time spent on resting, social activities, physical activity and meal times during MAR compared with JAN (p < 0.05). Finally, stress levels were significantly increased during MAR compared with JAN, with no difference between sexes (p < 0.05). Adolescent athletes not attaining sufficient sleep quantity or quality during periods of low and high school and sport commitments, are experiencing increased perceived stress during these busy times but are using a wider range of coping strategies during this time.
Clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and acceptability of community‐based treatment of hepatitis C virus infection: A mixed method systematic review
Authors: Pourmarzi Davoud , Hall Lisa , Hepworth Julie , Smirnov Andrew , Rahman Tony , FitzGerald Gerrard 
Published: December 2018

SummarySeveral community‐based models for treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been implemented to improve treatment accessibility and health outcomes. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding how well these models achieve the desired goals. We conducted a mixed‐method systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence about clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and acceptability of community‐based HCV treatment models. Seventeen databases were researched for published and unpublished studies. Methodological quality was assessed using The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Quantitative findings were synthesized in narrative form and qualitative findings were synthesized using meta‐synthesis. Forty‐two quantitative and six qualitative studies were included. No relevant cost effectiveness studies were found. Five categories of community‐based models were identified: telehealth, integration of HCV and addiction services, integration of HCV and HIV services, integration of HCV and primary care, and implementation by a home care and health care management company. The range of reported outcomes included; end of treatment response: 48.7% to 96%, serious side effects: 3.3% to 27.8%, sustained virological response: 22.3% to 95.5%, relapse: 2.2% to 16.7%, and treatment completion: 33.4% to 100%. Inconsistent measures of uptake and adherence were used; uptake ranged from 8.3% to 92%, and 68.4% to 100% of patients received ≥80% of prescribed doses. Patient reported experiences included trusted and supportive care providers, safe and trusted services, easily accessible care, and positive psychological and behavioural changes. The clinical effectiveness and acceptability reported from the included studies are similar to or better than reported outcomes from systematic reviews of studies in tertiary settings. Studies of the cost effectiveness of community‐based models for treating HCV are needed.