bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectropolarimetric Inversion in Four Dimensions with Deep Learning (SPIn4D). I. Overview, Magnetohydrodynamic Modeling, and Stokes Profile Synthesis
Authors: Yang 杨 Kai E. 凯 , Tarr Lucas A. , Rempel Matthias , Dodds S. Curt , Jaeggli Sarah A. , Sadowski Peter , Schad Thomas A. , Cunnyngham Ian , Liu 刘 Jiayi 嘉奕 , Glaser Yannik , Sun 孙 Xudong 旭东 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The National Science Foundation’s Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) will provide high-resolution, multiline spectropolarimetric observations that are poised to revolutionize our understanding of the Sun. Given the massive data volume, novel inference techniques are required to unlock its full potential. Here, we provide an overview of our “SPIn4D” project, which aims to develop deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for estimating the physical properties of the solar photosphere from DKIST spectropolarimetric observations. We describe the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling and the Stokes profile synthesis pipeline that produce the simulated output and input data, respectively. These data will be used to train a set of CNNs that can rapidly infer the four-dimensional MHD state vectors by exploiting the spatiotemporally coherent patterns in the Stokes profile time series. Specifically, our radiative MHD model simulates the small-scale dynamo actions that are prevalent in quiet-Sun and plage regions. Six cases with different mean magnetic fields have been explored; each case covers six solar-hours, totaling 109 TB in data volume. The simulation domain covers at least 25 × 25 × 8 Mm, with 16 × 16 × 12 km spatial resolution, extending from the upper convection zone up to the temperature minimum region. The outputs are stored at a 40 s cadence. We forward model the Stokes profile of two sets of Fe i lines at 630 and 1565 nm, which will be simultaneously observed by DKIST and can better constrain the parameter variations along the line of sight. The MHD model output and the synthetic Stokes profiles are publicly available, with 13.7 TB in the initial release.
Low-latitude Magnetic Flux Emergence on Rapidly Rotating Solar-type Stars
Authors: Işık Emre , Solanki Sami K. , Cameron Robert H. , Shapiro Alexander I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Besides a dense coverage of their high latitudes by starspots, rapidly rotating cool stars also display low-latitude spots in Doppler images, although generally with lower coverage. In contrast, flux emergence models of fast-rotating stars predict strong poleward deflection of radially rising magnetic flux as the Coriolis effect dominates over buoyancy, leaving a spot-free band around the equator. To resolve this discrepancy, we consider a flux tube near the base of the convection zone in a solar-type star rotating 8 times faster than the Sun, assuming field intensification by weak-tube explosions. For the intensification to continue into the buoyancy-dominated regime, the upper convection zone must have a significantly steeper temperature gradient than in the Sun by a factor that is comparable with that found in 3D simulations of rotating convection. Within the hypothesis that stellar active regions stem from the base of the convection zone, flux emergence between the equator and 20° latitudes requires highly supercritical field strengths of up to 500 kG in rapidly rotating stars. These field strengths require explosions of 100 kG tubes within the convection zone, compatible with reasonable values of the superadiabatic temperature gradient associated with the more rapid rotation.
Broadband Spectral Modeling of the M87 Nucleus
Authors: Niedźwiecki Andrzej , Szanecki Michał , Janiuk Agnieszka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We study spectra produced by weakly accreting black hole (BH) systems using the semianalytic advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) model and the general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulation. We find significant differences between these two approaches related to a wider spread of the flow parameters as well as a much steeper radial distribution of the magnetic field in the latter. We apply these spectral models to the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) of the nucleus of the M87 galaxy. The standard (in particular, 1D) formulation of the ADAF model does not allow us to explain it; previous claims that this model reproduces the observed SED suffer from an inaccurate treatment of the Compton process. The spectra based on GRMHD simulation are in a much better agreement with the observed data. In our GRMHD model, in which we assumed the BH spin a = 0.9, the bulk of radiation observed between the millimeter and the X-ray range is produced in the disk area within 4 gravitational radii from the BH. In this solution, the synchrotron component easily reproduces the spectral data between the millimeter and the UV range, and the Compton component does not violate the X-rays constraints, for

M

̇

≲
0.01

M

⊙

yr−1 and a relatively strong magnetic field, with the plasma β ∼ 1 in the region where radiation is produced. However, the Compton component cannot explain the observed X-ray spectrum. Instead, the X-ray spectrum can be reproduced by a high-energy tail of the synchrotron spectrum if electrons have a hybrid energy distribution with a ∼5% nonthermal component.
Characterizing the Nanohertz Gravitational Wave Background Using a t-process Power Spectral Density
Authors: Sardesai Shashwat C. , Simon Joseph , Vigeland Sarah J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are sensitive to low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs), which induce correlated changes in millisecond pulsars’ timing residuals. PTA collaborations around the world have recently announced evidence of a nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB), which may be produced by a population of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). The GWB is often modeled as following a power-law power spectral density (PSD); however, a GWB produced by a cosmological population of SMBHBs is expected to have a more complex power spectrum due to the discrete nature of the sources. In this paper, we investigate using a t-process PSD to model the GWB, which allows us to fit for both the underlying power-law amplitude and spectral index as well as deviations from that power law, which may be produced by individual nearby binaries. We create simulated data sets based on the properties of the NANOGrav 15 yr data set, and we demonstrate that the t-process PSD can accurately recover the PSD when deviations from a power law are present. With longer timed data sets and more pulsars, we expect the sensitivity of our PTAs to improve, which will allow us to precisely measure the PSD of the GWB and study the sources producing it.
Mass-loss Rate of Highly Evolved Stars in the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Wen 文 Jing 静 , Yang 杨 Ming 明 , Gao 高 Jian 健 , Chen 陈 Bingqiu 丙秋 , Ren 任 Yi 逸 , Jiang 姜 Biwei 碧沩 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Asymptotic giant branch stars (AGBs) and red supergiant stars (RSGs) exhibit significant mass-loss phenomena and are considered important sources of interstellar dust. In this work, we employed a uniform method of spectral energy distribution fitting to analyze a large, and hence statistically significant, sample of approximately 40,000 RSGs and AGBs in the Magellanic Clouds (MCs), providing a new catalog of evolved stars that includes stellar parameters and dust properties. Our results reveal that the total dust-production rate (DPR) of the Large Magellanic Cloud is approximately 9.69 × 10−6
M
☉ yr−1, while it is around 1.75 × 10−6
M
☉ yr−1 for the Small Magellanic Cloud, with a few stars significantly contributing to the total DPR. No significant differences were observed in the contributions to DPR from carbon-rich and oxygen-rich (O-rich) evolved stars in the MCs. We explored the relations between stellar parameters (luminosity, infrared color, period, amplitude) and mass-loss rate (MLR) for evolved stars. A prominent turning point at

log
(
L

/

L

☉

)
≈
4.4

appears in the luminosity–MLR diagram of RSGs, potentially related to their mass-loss mechanism. The luminosity–MLR relation of AGBs is highly scattered. The DPR of AGBs shows a clear change with pulsation period and amplitude, with DPR exhibiting a drastic increase at pulsation periods of approximately 300 days and I-band amplitudes greater than 0.5 mag. Metallicity has some impact on the DPR of O-rich stars, with lower metallicity seeming to result in lower mean DPR and a higher proportion of optically thin stars.
Examining the Rotation of the Planet-hosting M Dwarf GJ 3942
Authors: Fonseca Andrew , Dodson-Robinson Sarah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Based on radial velocities, EXORAP photometry, and activity indicators, the HArps-n red Dwarf Exoplanet Survey (HADES) team reported a 16.3 days rotation period for the M dwarf GJ 3942. However, an estimate of the magnitude-squared coherence between the HADES RV and Hα time series has significant peaks at frequencies 1/16 day−1 and 1/32 day−1. We turn to TESS photometry to test the hypothesis that the true rotation period is 32 days with 16 days harmonic. Although the average TESS periodogram has peaks at harmonics of 1/16 day−1, the harmonic sequence is not fully resolved according to the Rayleigh criterion. The TESS observations suggest a 1/16 day−1 rotation frequency and a 1/32 day−1 subharmonic, though resolution makes the TESS rotation detection ambiguous.
Substantial Extension of the Lifetime of the Terrestrial Biosphere
Authors: Graham R. J. , Halevy Itay , Abbot Dorian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Approximately one billion years (Gyr) in the future, as the Sun brightens, Earth’s carbonate-silicate cycle is expected to drive CO2 below the minimum level required by vascular land plants, eliminating most macroscopic land life. Here, we couple global-mean models of temperature- and CO2-dependent plant productivity for C3 and C4 plants, silicate weathering, and climate to reexamine the time remaining for terrestrial plants. If weathering is weakly temperature dependent (as recent data suggest) and/or strongly CO2 dependent, we find that the interplay between climate, productivity, and weathering causes the future luminosity-driven CO2 decrease to slow and temporarily reverse, averting plant CO2 starvation. This dramatically lengthens plant survival from 1 Gyr up to ∼1.6–1.86 Gyr, until extreme temperatures halt photosynthesis, suggesting a revised kill mechanism for land plants and potential doubling of the future lifespan of Earth’s land macrobiota. An increased future lifespan for the complex biosphere may imply that Earth life had to achieve a smaller number of “hard steps” (unlikely evolutionary transitions) to produce intelligent life than previously estimated. These results also suggest that complex photosynthetic land life on Earth and exoplanets may be able to persist until the onset of the moist greenhouse transition.
Using Structural Causal Modeling to Infer the Effects of Wildfire on Foothill Yellow-legged Frog Occurrence
Authors: Halstead Brian J. , Kleeman Patrick M. , Rose Jonathan P. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fire has influenced Sierra Nevada ecosystems for millennia; however, increasing wildfire size and frequency may yield unforeseen consequences on wildlife populations and their distribution. Foothill yellow-legged frogs Rana boylii have declined in portions of their range and are considered a species of conservation concern. We surveyed streams for foothill yellow-legged frogs in and near the 2021 Dixie Fire footprint using double-observer visual encounter surveys that incorporated time-to-detection methods and used structural causal modeling to improve post-fire inference while lacking prefire data. We found that foothill yellow-legged frog probability of occurrence was 4.93 (95% equal-tailed interval = 0.52–160) times higher outside the footprint of the Dixie Fire than within it, though probability of occurrence was generally low within our sampling frame (ψunburned = 0.21 [0.08–0.49]; ψburned = 0.05 [0.002–0.28]). Measured environmental characteristics, however, were similar within and outside the fire footprint, and observed occupancy patterns might reflect the recent historical distribution of the frogs. Our study emphasizes the importance of site-specific pre-disturbance data when attempting to evaluate the causal effects of disturbances on wildlife. Although it remains to be seen how this species will fare in an increasingly frequent and intense fire regime, foothill yellow-legged frogs may tolerate some level of fire disturbance.
Expérimentation sur les usages d’un outil lexical numérique pour aider à la rédaction scientifique
Authors: LI Jingrao , Hatier Sylvain 
Published: November 2024

Dans un but d’aide à la rédaction scientifique des apprenants qui mobilise des genres comme les mémoires, les thèses et les articles de recherche, nous avons élaboré un outil lexical numérique à partir d'une ressource dédiée au lexique scientifique transdisciplinaire (LST). Notre outil fournit des informations sémantiques, syntaxiques, phraséologiques et discursives du LST. Une expérimentation a été menée auprès d’apprenants sinophones afin d’observer les usages de l’outil dans la pratique autonome de production écrite. Elle s’est effectuée sous forme d’une formation à l’écrit scientifique, avec des tâches de production écrite à réaliser à l’aide de l’outil. La formation avait pour objectif de tester l’utilisabilité de l’outil et de faire apprendre des connaissances scientifiques méthodologiques et lexicales. Les manipulations de l’outil ont été enregistrées à l’aide de captures vidéo d’écran afin d’observer d’une manière objective les interactions entre les tâches de production écrite, l’apprenant et l’outil. Les évaluations des apprenants concernant l’outil ont été recueillies à l’aide d’un questionnaire. L’analyse des captures vidéo d’écran et des questionnaires informent sur le fait que l’utilisation efficace de l’outil ne dépend pas uniquement de la conception d’une interface conviviale, mais également du développement des connaissances lexicales des apprenants.
Ancient, Medieval, and Early Modern Concepts of the Ius commune
Authors: Pennington Ken 
Published: November 2024

“Ius commune” is the term that scholars use to describe the legal system that reigned on the European continent between ca. 1100 and 1750. Modern scholars, however, have generally not understood how the term was used in Roman law, medieval and early modern law. This essay attempts to illustrate the meanings of “ius commune” in the writings of ancient, medieval, and early modern jurists.
Fabriquer des patients autonomes
Authors: Berger Ludivine , Schepens Florent , Kushtanina Veronika , Fidolini Vulca 
Published: November 2024

Issu d’une enquête sur les trajectoires de soin des 12-21 ans atteints de diabète de type 1 ou d’asthme, cet article analyse les discours des médecins pour comprendre comment ils organisent les trajectoires de suivi de la maladie en lien avec les perceptions de l’âge des patients. Tout d’abord, l’article analyse les discours de la construction des mandats des spécialistes des soins pédiatriques et adultes, qui opposent les « enfants » et les « adolescents » aux « adultes ». Ensuite, le moment de la transition de la pédiatrie à la médecine d’adulte est analysé au prisme des représentations de l’acquisition de l’autonomie par les jeunes patients.
L’alternance en master : une représentation idéalisée non conforme aux réalités de l’insertion
Authors: Collet Xavier 
Published: November 2024

Cet article propose de comparer le devenir de diplômés de master inscrits en formation classique et en apprentissage afin d’identifier un effet propre de l’alternance sur les conditions d’emplois à 30 mois. Dans le prolongement d’une étude exploratoire menée en 2017, l’enquête ad hoc, réalisée dans une université, met en évidence que les écarts observés ne relèvent pas de cette modalité de formation, mais renvoient à des spécificités liées aux spécialités de master (aux débouchés différents), au bassin d’emploi (plus favorable en région parisienne et en lien avec la mobilité des étudiants) et aux caractéristiques sociodémographiques (les hommes et les diplômés issus des classes sociales supérieures connaissant de meilleures conditions d’insertion professionnelles que les autres).
Des dominations désincarnées ?
Authors: Schroeder Nicolas 
Published: November 2024

L’historiographie francophone récente a mis au premier plan la « lecture spatiale » des sociétés du premier Moyen Âge et la « question ecclésiale » (c’est-à-dire la prise en compte de l’Église comme élément moteur des dynamiques sociales). Sans nier les apports importants de ces paradigmes, il faut souligner qu’ils amènent parfois à considérer comme seuls protagonistes et acteurs sociaux les membres de l’aristocratie ecclésiastique ou laïque. Ce biais semble particulièrement dommageable pour l’étude de la seigneurie, parce qu’il présente comme unidirectionnels les rapports entre élites et mondes paysans. En analysant les rapports entre l’abbaye de Maroilles, le seigneur d’Avesnes et leurs dépendant·e·s au milieu du XIIe siècle, cet article cherche à montrer que l’étude des rapports entre « espaces ecclésiastiques » et « seigneuries laïques » ne peut se comprendre en tenant uniquement compte des « arts de gouverner » de l’aristocratie  : il convient de prêter également attention aux « arts de désobéir » des dépendant·e·s, qui contraignent les élites à coopérer au sein même de leurs affrontements, afin de reproduire leur domination.
Imitatio episcopi ?
Authors: Martine Tristan 
Published: November 2024

Cet article souligne une particularité lotharingienne  : si le rôle des monastères dans l’émergence de nouveaux modèles spatiaux est bien connu en Occident, le cas d’un ancrage spatial de l’aristocratie laïque à la fois sur initiative et sur modèle épiscopal ne se retrouve que dans les régions de l’ancienne Francia Media, en l’occurrence en Lotharingie méridionale.
Crossing the text frontier: Teachers resisting African language texts for learning
Authors: Tyler Robyn , McKinney Carolyn 
Published: November 2024

Background: Scholars have identified the benefits of using African languages and bilingual approaches in South African education; at the same time, the dominance of language ideologies and systemic constraints work against the full implementation of bilingual education.Objectives: This article tracks the early responses of the pre-service and in-service teachers in two intervention projects to the bi/multilingual pedagogies presented to them and their uptake in their pedagogy.Method: The study probes the responses of teachers who were comfortable with African language use in oral activities but did not yet take this up in reading and writing activities. Data from two focus group interviews in two research projects are analysed using critical discourse analysis.Results: The use of African languages in written form posed a frontier yet to be breached by these teachers in their classroom practices.Conclusion: We argue that the dominant, entangled reasons for what we call the ‘text frontier’ in bilingual learning in South Africa are the following: the coloniality of literacy, linked to colonial language ideologies which position African languages as deficient vehicles of academic pursuit; the lack of bilingual learning materials; teachers’ own experience with using African language texts in their education; and the pressure of monolingual standardised systemic assessments.Contribution: Our work contributes to an understanding of how language and literacy ideologies impact pedagogy. The article concludes with an exploration of the implications of the text frontier for the use of African languages in education.
Association of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Hyperkalemia in Hemodialysis-dependent Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Soni Ashutosh , Vishnoi Jagdish , Bhatt Kamlesh , Sharma Kalu Ram , Shukla Akanksha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure is a condition characterized by increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), secondary to hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia. In dialysis patients’ hyperkalemia is a frequent electrolyte disturbance that may result in various complications.

Objectives:
The study aimed to determine the association of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPTH) with hyperkalemia in hemodialysis patients. There is very little literature on the direct relationship of hyperparathyroidism with hyperkalemia.

Materials and Methods:
This is an observational study of hemodialysis patients visiting a university hospital for maintenance hemodialysis. Patients were randomly selected for the study who were visiting the Department of Nephrology for their regular maintenance hemodialysis program. Serum PTH analysis was done by chemiluminescence method. Serum potassium >5.5 mEq/L was considered hyperkalemia, and serum intact PTH (iPTH) >300 pg/mL was considered as SHPTH.

Results:
The study included 59 participants from dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients. In this study, 64.4% of the participants were male and 35.6% were female. The mean age of the study group was 47.64 ± 13.042 years. 44.1% of the participants had hyperkalemia, and 43.1% of the participants had SHPTH. 89.7% of the patients with SHPTH had hyperkalemia. The mean serum potassium in the iPTH ≤300 pg/mL group was 4.50 mEq/L. The mean serum potassium in the iPTH >300 pg/mL group was 6.33 mEq/L. 90.9% of the participants in the group iPTH: ≤300 pg/mL had serum potassium: ≤5.5 mEq/L while 88.0% of the participants in the group iPTH: >300 pg/mL had serum potassium: >5.5 mEq/L. There was a strong positive correlation between iPTH and serum potassium, and this correlation was statistically significant (rho = 0.72, P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion:
The present study shows a statistically significant association of iPTH (SHPTH) and serum potassium (hyperkalemia), and high iPTH is positively associated with hyperkalemia.
Role of physical and dentofacial features in bullying among United Arab Emirates schoolchildren and its impact on school performance – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Abutayyem Huda , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Shqaidef Abedalrahman , Alogaibi Yahya Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Bullying has a lasting effect on young, vulnerable minds, especially among school-aged youngsters. With the help of this study, we intended to examine how physical and dentofacial characteristics contribute to bullying among kids and how it affects their academic performance.

METHODS:
This retrospective cross-sectional study consisted of a self-reported anonymous, pretested questionnaire divided into three major domains, with due institutional ethical clearance being obtained before the study’s commencement.

RESULTS:
The study population consisted of 269 schoolchildren, with 49.8% being males and the majority (55.0%) residing in Ajman. Among the schoolchildren, 35.7% reported being victims of bullying. The majority of bully victims (27.1%) skipped school because of bullying. Additionally, 64.3% of the students had a nickname, primarily used by siblings, and approximately half of the bully victims disliked their nicknames. In terms of happiness, 45.0% of students were neither happy nor unhappy in classes, while 10.8% were very unhappy. Outside of school, 56.9% of participants were very happy, and only 1.1% were very unhappy. Most students (58.7%) did not believe that bullying harms their grades, while 19.7% believed it does. Furthermore, 71.7% of students did not experience bullying due to good grades or showing interest in schoolwork.

CONCLUSION:
Based on results, physical and dentofacial features in bullying among schoolchildren and its impact on school performance, sociodemographic patterns, and factors associated with bullying victimization highlight the need for targeted interventions and preventive strategies to address this issue. Thus, can create a safe and supportive school environment that promotes the well-being and academic success of all schoolchildren.