bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordinatively Unsaturated Fe3+ Based Activatable Probes for Enhanced MRI and Therapy of Tumors
Authors: Zhang Peisen , Hou Yi , Zeng Jianfeng , Li Yingying , Wang Zihua , Zhu Ran , Ma Tiancong , Gao Mingyuan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExogenous FeIII can be used for cancer magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and potentially for cancer treatment by a ferroptosis pathway or photothermal ablation. To achieve this, effective and accurate delivery of FeIII to cancerous sites is critical, requiring a balance of release kinetics of Fe3+ in tumorous and normal tissues. A nanoprobe is described consisting of upconversion luminescence (UCL) nanoparticles as a core and a coordinatively unsaturated FeIII‐containing Fe3+/gallic acid complex as a shell. Owing to the introduction of an unsaturated coordination structure, FeIII in the nanoprobe can be released only in the tumor microenvironment in response to the lightly acidic pH. The multiple UCLs are used for quantitatively visualizing the release of Fe3+ in vivo, whilst the release resultant serves as a photothermal agent. This nanoprobe exhibited ligand‐free tumor targeting ability, activatable MR imaging performance, and efficacious therapeutic effects against tumors in vivo.
A Stable N‐Hetero‐Rh‐Metallacyclic Silylene
Authors: Takahashi Shintaro , Bellan Ekaterina , Baceiredo Antoine , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Massou Stéphane , Nakata Norio , Hashizume Daisuke , Branchadell Vicenç , Kato Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA cyclic (amino)metal‐substituted dicoordinated silylene derivative has been synthesized and fully characterized. Of particular interest is that the N‐hetero‐RhI‐metallacyclic silylene exhibits a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the rhodium atom and a considerably shortened Si−Rh bond (2.138 Å) compared to classical Si−Rh single bonds (ca. 2.30–2.35 Å). A theoretical investigation reveals that the geometrical deviation around the rhodium center from the classical square‐planar to a tetrahedral geometry increases the π‐donating and σ‐accepting character of the rhodium atom, thereby efficiently stabilizing the silylene moiety.
Isoflavone biochanin A, a novel nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐antioxidant response element activator, protects against oxidative damage in HepG2 cells
Authors: Liang Fuqiang , Cao Weiwei , Huang Yuting , Fang Yajing , Cheng Yuxin , Pan Siyi , Xu Xiaoyun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIsoflavones are one group of the major flavonoids and possess multiple biological activities due to their antioxidant properties. However, a clear antioxidant mechanism of dietary isoflavones is still remained to be answered. In this study, the effects of isoflavones on the nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)–antioxidant response element (ARE) signaling pathway and the underlying molecular mechanisms were investigated. Results showed that isoflavones are potential Nrf2–ARE activators while their activities were structure dependent. Biochanin A (BCA), an O‐methylated isoflavone with low direct antioxidant activity, can effectively protect HepG2 cells against tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BHP)‐induced oxidative damage via activation of the Nrf2 signaling, and thereby the induction of downstream cytoprotective enzymes including NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase‐1, heme oxygenasae‐1, and glutamate‐cysteine ligase catalytic subunit. A molecular docking study revealed that BCA could directly bind into the pocket of Kelch‐like erythroid cell‐derived protein with CNC homology (ECH)‐associated protein 1 (Keap1), a cytoplasmic suppressor of Nrf2, to facilitate Nrf2 activation. The upstream mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways were also involved in the activation of Nrf2 signaling. These findings indicate that the protective actions of dietary isoflavones against oxidative damage may be at least partly due to their ability to enhance the intracellular antioxidant response system by modulating the Nrf2−ARE signaling pathway.
The environmental value and impact of the Maker movement—Insights from a cross‐case analysis of European maker initiatives
Authors: Unterfrauner Elisabeth , Shao Jing , Hofer Margit , Fabian Claudia M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the environmental value of the Maker movement, which is driving digital fabrication into the mainstream. Makers are inspiring each other to create smart solutions for all types of individual needs and address societal and environmental challenges at the same time. They share their creative ideas and solutions in collaborative work spaces and Maker Faires or on social media platforms. Is this grassroots innovation the beginning of the next industrial revolution? This paper will explore the environmental value and impact of makers' innovative business model and discuss on how to increase the circularity. At the same time, we will describe the role of maker communities and how to help to play a better role. In the framework of a case study analysis based on 10 different Maker initiatives across Europe, 39 interviews were conducted with makers and Maker initiatives managers evaluating core questions such as potential environmental value and impact, value chains, and energy efficient behaviours. This study is expected to contribute to building an explorative but yet empirically rooted analysis of the environmental value and impact of the Maker movement. Furthermore, the challenges in the future and the suggestions for policy makers are provided.
Innovation shock, outsourcing strategy, and environmental performance: The roles of prior green innovation experience and knowledge inheritance
Authors: Khurshid Faisal , Park Woo‐Yong , Chan Felix T.S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo investigate under what conditions an outsourcing strategy can show superior environmental performance, one stream of scholars has underscored the importance of prior green innovation experience, and another stream of scholars has underscored the importance of the in‐house possession of outsourced component knowledge. However, the empirical findings regarding the positive role of both scholarly streams when studied separately are mixed and sometimes contradictory. This study bridges these two distinct but related streams and suggests that prior green innovation experience and in‐house knowledge regarding outsourced components play a complementary role in enhancing environmental performance. The U.S. hybrid electric vehicle market lends support to the argument of this study. In so doing, this study increases our understanding of the role of prior green innovation experience and outsourced component knowledge on environmental performance while pursuing an outsourcing strategy. This study also provides guidance for managers and policymakers on how to achieve superior environmental performance in outsourcing.
Investigation of the hepatic respiration and liver zonation on rat hepatocytes using an integrated oxygen biosensor in a microscale device
Authors: Matsumoto Satomi , Safitri Astia R. , Danoy Mathieu , Maekawa Toshiro , Kinoshita Haruyuki , Shinohara Marie , Sakai Yasuyuki , Fujii Teruo , Leclerc Eric 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of an in vitro functional liver zonation model is a major issue to reproduce physiological liver features. Oxygen concentration is one of the potential explanations of a primary regulating factor of zonation. In this frame, we investigated the oxygen gradient inside a microfluidic device containing rat hepatocyte cultures. The device integrated a platinum (Pt) (II) octaethylporphyrin sensor, allowing a 2D mapping of the oxygen concentration. After 3 hr adhesion of the hepatocytes, the sensor indicated an intense oxygen depletion, leading to an oxygen shortage in the center of the device. After a 30 min perfusion of the culture medium, we monitored the formation of the oxygen gradient along the culture due to cellular respiration. The profile of the oxygen gradient was modulated and controlled by increasing either the perfusion flow rate or the device thickness. In addition, the oxygen gradient was time dependent as far as it decreased with the time of culture. Perivenous and periportal liver patterns were characterized by the immunostaining of the hepatic markers. We put in evidence a spatio temporal hepatic organization. We observed the overexpression since 24 hr of perfusion of the APC and PCK1 proteins upstream in the oxygen‐rich area of the device. The overexpression of GS, GCK, CYP1A, and HIFα proteins were observed downstream in the oxygen‐poor area. Then, CYP3A2 and β‐catenin spatial reorganization was achieved after 48 hr of culture. The results presented a partial zonation‐like pattern that was superimposed with an oxygen gradient profile.
Sketch2VF: Sketch‐based flow design with conditional generative adversarial network
Authors: Hu Zhongyuan , Xie Haoran , Fukusato Tsukasa , Sato Takahiro , Igarashi Takeo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present an interactive user interface to support sketch‐based fluid design with a perceptual understanding of human sketches. In particular, the proposed system generates a 2D fluid animation from hand‐drawn sketches. The proposed system utilizes a conditional generative adversarial network model to generate stationary velocity fields from a sketch input. The network model is trained with hand‐drawn strokes and corresponding 2D velocity fields. On the basis of the generated velocity field, the system calculates fluid dynamics using a semi‐Lagrangian method. We ran a user study of the proposed system and confirmed that the proposed interface is effective for a 2D fluid design and that the system achieves good results based on user input.
Shape‐constrained flying insects animation
Authors: Chen Qiang , Luo Guoliang , Tong Yang , Jin Xiaogang , Deng Zhigang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring the past decades, high‐fidelity realistic simulations of various flying insects exhibiting collective behavior have been broadly used in entertainment industries and virtual reality applications. However, due to the intrinsic complexity and high computational cost, shape constrained simulation of collective behaviors remains a challenging topic. In this paper, we present a robust multi‐agent model for large‐scale controllable shape constrained simulation of flying insects. Specifically, we design an internal force model to biologically mimic an individual insect. We also propose an external force model based on a trade‐off mechanic to guide the insects smoothly deforming into a target shape. Our experimental results and comparative studies show our method is able to simulate realistic and dynamic flying insects with various user‐specified shape constraints.
Polyfunctionalised Nanoparticles Bearing Robust Gadolinium Surface Units for High Relaxivity Performance in MRI
Authors: Chabloz Nicolas G. , Wenzel Margot N. , Perry Hannah L. , Yoon Il‐Chul , Molisso Susannah , Stasiuk Graeme J. , Elson Daniel S. , Cass Anthony E. G. , Wilton‐Ely James D. E. T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe first example of an octadentate gadolinium unit based on DO3A (hydration number q=1) with a dithiocarbamate tether has been designed and attached to the surface of gold nanoparticles (around 4.4 nm in diameter). In addition to the superior robustness of this attachment, the restricted rotation of the Gd complex on the nanoparticle surface leads to a dramatic increase in relaxivity (r1) from 4.0 mm−1 s−1 in unbound form to 34.3 mm−1 s−1 (at 10 MHz, 37 °C) and 22±2 mm−1 s−1 (at 63.87 MHz, 25 °C) when immobilised on the surface. The one‐pot synthetic route provides a straightforward and versatile way of preparing a range of multifunctional gold nanoparticles. The incorporation of additional surface units for biocompatibility (PEG and thioglucose units) and targeting (folic acid) leads to little detrimental effect on the high relaxivity observed for these non‐toxic multifunctional materials. In addition to the passive targeting attributed to gold nanoparticles, the inclusion of a unit capable of targeting the folate receptors overexpressed by cancer cells, such as HeLa cells, illustrates the potential of these assemblies.
On the Metal Cooperativity in a Dinuclear Copper–Guanidine Complex for Aliphatic C−H Bond Cleavage by Dioxygen
Authors: Schön Florian , Biebl Florian , Greb Lutz , Leingang Simone , Grimm‐Lebsanft Benjamin , Teubner Melissa , Buchenau Sören , Kaifer Elisabeth , Rübhausen Michael A. , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSelective oxidation reactions of organic compounds with dioxygen using molecular copper complexes are of relevance to synthetic chemistry as well as enzymatic reactivity. In the enzyme peptidylglycine α‐hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM), the hydroxylating activity towards aliphatic substrates arises from the cooperative effect between two copper atoms, but the detailed mechanism has yet to be fully clarified. Herein, we report on a model complex showing hydroxylation of an aliphatic ligand initiated by dioxygen. According to DFT calculations, the proton‐coupled electron‐transfer (PCET) process leading to ligand hydroxylation in this complex benefits from cooperative effects between the two copper atoms. While one copper atom is responsible for dioxygen binding and activation, the other stabilizes the product of intramolecular PCET by copper–ligand charge transfer. The results of this work might pave the way for the directed utilization of cooperative effects in oxidation reactions.
Nachweis und Verfolgung von Membran‐Fouling
Authors: Arlt Bastian , Luxbacher Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMembranverschmutzung ist ein negativer Kontaminationseffekt: Verbindungen in der Feed‐Lösung setzen sich auf der Membranoberfläche oder in den Poren ab und begrenzen somit die Effizienz und Trennleistung der Membranen. Dieser Effekt tritt für verschiedene Membrantypen auf, wie Umkehrosmose, Ultra‐, Nano‐ und Mikrofiltrationsmembran. Eine Methode wird vorgestellt, wie Membran‐Fouling anhand des Zetapotenzials, das aus Strömungsstrommessungen berechnet wird, identifiziert und verfolgt werden kann.
Persistent Homology to Quantify the Quality of Surface‐Supported Covalent Networks
Authors: Gutierrez Abraham , Buchet Mickaël , Clair Sylvain 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCovalent networks formed by on‐surface synthesis usually suffer from the presence of a large number of defects. We report on a methodology to characterize such two‐dimensional networks from their experimental images obtained by scanning probe microscopy. The computation is based on a persistent homology approach and provides a quantitative score indicative of the network homogeneity. We compare our scoring method with results previously obtained using minimal spanning tree analyses and we apply it to some molecular systems appearing in the existing literature.
Synthesis and Properties of NaSICON‐type LATP and LAGP Solid Electrolytes
Authors: DeWees Rachel , Wang Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInorganic solid electrolytes play a critical role in solid‐state lithium batteries achieving high safety levels and high energy densities. The synthetic approaches to solid electrolytes are important for both fundamental research and practical applications. Li1+xAlxTi2−x(PO4)3 (LATP) and Li1+xAlxGe2−x(PO4)3 (LAGP) are two representative solid electrolytes with a sodium superionic conductor (NaSICON) structure. Herein, LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are reviewed from the synthesis perspective, and correlated with their structure and conductive properties, as well as their electrochemical applications in batteries. First, the solid‐ and liquid‐based synthetic methods to LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes and the key influencing factors are described. Second, the crystal structures and phase purities obtained from different synthetic approaches are introduced. Third, the conductive mechanisms, composition effects, and synthetic effects on the conductivities of LATP and LAGP solid electrolytes are compared. Fourth, the electrochemical applications of these two solid electrolytes in full batteries are discussed, including roles as solid electrolytes, composite components in electrodes, and surface coatings on electrodes. In the last section, a brief outlook is provided on the future development of NaSICON‐type solid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state batteries.
The generation of granule cells during the development and evolution of the cerebellum
Authors: Iulianella Angelo , Wingate Richard J. , Moens Cecilia B. , Capaldo Emily 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe cerebellum coordinates vestibular input into the hindbrain to control balance and movement, and its anatomical complexity is increasingly viewed as a high‐throughput processing center for sensory and cognitive functions. Cerebellum development however is relatively simple, and arises from a specialized structure in the anterior hindbrain called the rhombic lip, which along with the ventricular zone of the rostral‐most dorsal hindbrain region, give rise to the distinct cell types that constitute the cerebellum. Granule cells, being the most numerous cell types, arise from the rhombic lip and form a dense and distinct layer of the cerebellar cortex. In this short review, we describe the various strategies used by amniotes and anamniotes to generate and diversify granule cell types during cerebellar development.
Mismatches between breeding phenology and resource abundance of resident alpine ptarmigan negatively affect chick survival
Authors: Wann Gregory T. , Aldridge Cameron L. , Seglund Amy E. , Oyler‐McCance Sara J. , Kondratieff Boris C. , Braun Clait E. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Phenological mismatches—defined here as the difference in reproductive timing of an individual relative to the availability of its food resources—occur in many avian species. Mistiming breeding activities in environments with constrained breeding windows may have severe fitness costs due to reduced opportunities for repeated breeding attempts. Therefore, species occurring in alpine environments may be particularly vulnerable.

We studied fitness consequences of timing of breeding in an alpine‐endemic species, the white‐tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucura), to investigate its influence on chick survival. We estimated phenological mismatch by measuring plant and arthropods used by ptarmigan in relation to their timing of breeding.

We monitored 120 nests and 67 broods over a three‐year period (2013–2015) at three alpine study sites in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. During this same period, we actively monitored food resource abundance in brood‐use areas to develop year and site‐specific resource phenology curves. We developed several mismatch indices from these curves that were then fit as covariates in mark‐recapture chick survival models.

A correlation analysis between seasonal changes in arthropod and food plant abundance indicated that a normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was likely the best predictor for food available to hens and chicks. A survival model that included an interaction between NDVI mismatch and chick age received strong support and indicated young chicks were more susceptible to mismatch than older chicks.

We provide evidence that individual females of a resident alpine species can be negatively affected by phenological mismatch. Our study focused on individual females and did not examine if phenological mismatch was present at the population level. Future work in animal populations occurring in mountain systems focusing on a combination of both individual‐ and population‐level metrics of mismatch will be beneficial.
High‐resolution peat volume change in a northern peatland: Spatial variability, main drivers, and impact on ecohydrology
Authors: Nijp Jelmer J. , Metselaar Klaas , Limpens Juul , Bartholomeus Harm M. , Nilsson Mats B. , Berendse Frank , van der Zee Sjoerd E.A.T.M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe depth of the groundwater table below the surface and its spatiotemporal variability are major controls on all major biogeophysical processes in northern peatlands, including ecohydrology, carbon balance, and greenhouse gas exchange. In these ecosystems, water table fluctuations are buffered by compression and expansion of peat. Controls on peat volume change and its spatial variability, however, remain elusive, hampering accurate assessment of climate change impact on functioning of peatlands. We therefore (1) analysed patterning of seasonal surface elevation change at high spatial resolution (0.5 m); (2) assessed its relationship with vegetation, geohydrology, and position within the peatland; and (3) quantified the consequences for peatland surface topography and ecohydrology. Changes in surface elevation were monitored using digital close‐range photogrammetry along a transect in a northern peatland from after snowmelt up to midgrowing season (May–July). Surface elevation change was substantial and varied spatially from −0.062 to +0.012 m over the measurement period. Spatial patterns of peat volume change were correlated up to 40.8 m. Spatial variation of peat volume change was mainly controlled by changes in water table, and to a lesser extent to vegetation, with peat volume change magnitude increasing from lawn < hollow < flark. Our observations suggest that patchiness and vertical variability of peatland surface topography are a function of the groundwater table. In dry conditions, the variability of surface elevation increases and more localized groundwater flows may develop. Consequently, spatially variable peat volume change may enhance peatland water retention and thereby sustain carbon uptake during drought.
Analyzing community structure subject to incomplete sampling: hierarchical community model vs. canonical ordinations
Authors: Yamaura Yuichi , Blanchet F. Guillaume , Higa Motoki 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRecently developing hierarchical community models (HCMs) accounting for incomplete sampling are promising approaches to understand community organization. However, pros and cons of incorporating incomplete sampling in the analysis and related design issues remain unknown. In this study, we comparedHCMand canonical redundancy analysis (RDA) carried out with 10 different dissimilarity coefficients to evaluate how each approach restores true community abundance data sampled with imperfect detection. We conducted simulation experiments with varying numbers of sampling sites, visits, mean detectability and mean abundance. Performance ofHCMwas measured by estimates of “expected” (mean) abundance () and realized abundance (: direct estimate of site‐ and species‐specific abundance). We also comparedHCMand different types ofRDA(normal, partial, and weighted), all performed with the same ten different dissimilarity coefficients, with unequal number of visits to sampling sites. In addition, we applied the models to a virtual survey carried out on the Barro Colorado Island tree plot data for which we know true community abundance. Simulation experiments showed that yielded byHCMbest restored the underlying abundance of constituent species among 12 abundance estimates byHCMandRDAregardless if the sampling was equal or unequal. Mean abundance predominantly affected the performance ofHCMandRDAwhile yielded byHCMhad comparable performance to percentage difference and Gower dissimilarity coefficients ofRDA. Relative performance ofRDAtypes depended on the combination of dissimilarity coefficients and the distribution of sampling effort. Best performance of followed by , percentage difference and Gower dissimilarity were also observed for the analysis of tree plot data, and graphical plots (triplots) based on rather than clearly separated the effects of two environmental covariates on the abundance of constituent species. Under our conditions of model evaluation and the method, we concluded that, in terms of assessing the environmental dependence of abundance,HCMs andRDAcan have comparable performance if we can choose appropriate dissimilarity coefficients forRDA. However, sinceHCMs provide straightforward biological interpretations of parameter estimates and flexibility of the analysis,HCMs would be useful in many situations as well as conventional canonical ordinations.