bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UHPLC‐QTOFMS Urine Drug Screening With Dilute‐and‐Shoot Sample Preparation and Vacuum‐Insulated Probe‐Heated Electrospray Ionization
Authors: Sundström Mira , Kriikku Pirkko , Ojanperä Ilkka , Baessmann Carsten , Pelander Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe developed a method for comprehensive urine drug screening by applying dilute‐and‐shoot extraction and vacuum‐insulated probe‐heated electrospray ionization with ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography high‐resolution quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (DS‐UHPLC‐VIP‐HESI‐QTOFMS). The method involved five‐fold post‐hydrolysis dilution of urine samples and chromatography on a C18 UHPLC column prior to QTOFMS analysis. The recently introduced VIP‐HESI ion source was chosen due to its enhanced ionization efficiency and compatibility with UHPLC‐QTOFMS. Extensive data was acquired in positive ion mode with a low collision energy (7 eV) and an elevated collision energy (30 eV), using the broadband collision‐induced dissociation data acquisition scan mode that continuously generated high‐resolution and accurate mass for parent and fragment qualifier ions, and parent ion isotopic patterns. Compound identification was performed against an in‐house database with 1263 compound entries, using an automated post‐run reverse target database search with preset identification criteria. Method validation with 56 different drugs showed acceptable results for the limit of identification (median 5 ng/mL), matrix effects (70–130%), repeatability of retention times (< 1%), mass accuracy (< 1 mDa), as well as for specificity and stability. As compared with an established UHPLC‐QTOFMS method relying on solid‐phase extraction and conventional electrospray ionization, DS‐UHPLC‐VIP‐HESI‐QTOFMS produced comparable results from authentic clinical urine samples for most drugs, but showed clearly improved detectability for pregabalin, gabapentin, and ritalinic acid. We anticipate that the new method will be a step forward for laboratories performing routine urine drug screening due to its fast turnaround time, reduced manual workload, cost efficiency, and broad substance coverage.
Fluorocarboxylic Acid‐Modified MOF‐808 with Enhanced Acetylene Adsorption Capacity and C2H2/C2H4 Separation Performance
Authors: Chen Mohan , Wang Yichao , Fan Ziwen , Wang Yue , Niu Zheng , Lang Jianping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe separation of ethylene (C2H4) and acetylene (C2H2) is challenging due to their similar molecular dimensions and boiling points, making conventional methods like cryogenic distillation and solvent extraction inefficient and environmentally harmful. Fluorinated metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been proven to be an effective material for the separation of C2H4 and C2H2. However, their direct synthesis is relatively expensive and challenging. In this study, we report a facile post‐synthetic modification strategy to introduce fluorinated alkane pores into a zirconium‐based MOF, MOF‐808. The construction of fluorine‐containing pores within the MOFs prefers adsorption for C2H2 attributed to the interaction between the fluorine atoms and C2H2. This series of fluorinated MOFs demonstrates potential for gas separation processes, with the highest separation ratio reaching 2.67 (1 : 99) at 298 K. Breakthrough experiments for C2H2/C2H4 mixtures confirmed that fluorinated MOF is capable of separating C2H2/C2H4, making it a potential candidate for industrial application. Moreover, the simplicity of the post‐synthetic modification method suggests a viable strategy for the synthesis of fluorinated MOFs.
Associations of radiotherapy receipt with lung cancer risk by histological subtype among breast cancer survivors in the United States
Authors: Jiang Chenxi , Freedman Rachel A. , Punglia Rinaa S. , Jemal Ahmedin , Sung Hyuna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy for breast cancer has been associated with an increased risk of secondary malignancies, including primary lung cancer. Whether this association varies by histological subtype of lung cancer remains unknown. Based on the data from 12 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries, we examined the association between radiotherapy receipt and the risk of subtype‐specific subsequent primary lung cancer (SPLC) among female first primary breast cancer cases diagnosed between ages 20 and 84 from 1992 to 2020. More than half (53%) of the 550,007 breast cancer survivors identified had undergone radiotherapy as part of their initial breast cancer treatment. Over an average follow‐up of 9.7 years, 8014 survivors developed SPLCs. For small‐cell carcinoma, the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) compared with the general population was higher for survivors who received radiotherapy (SIR = 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06–1.25) but similar for those who did not receive radiotherapy (SIR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.91–1.09), with the difference in SIRs being statistically significant (p = .003). Similar associations were found for squamous cell carcinoma (SIRyes = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.08–1.24 vs. SIRno/unknown = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.98–1.15; p = .07). The increased risks were confined to ipsilateral SPLC, with the greatest SIRs for small‐cell carcinoma occurring 5–10 years since breast cancer diagnosis (SIR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.53–2.19) and for squamous cell carcinoma with a latency of 10 years or more (SIR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.42–1.88). In contrast, the risk of developing adenocarcinoma did not vary by radiotherapy receipt (SIRyes = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.18–1.28 vs. SIRno/unknown = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.12–1.22; p = .18), indicating additional risk factors in play. The findings suggest a distinct carcinogenic pathway of radiation‐induced lung cancer across histological subtypes and may inform risk‐stratified surveillance guidelines for SPLC.
Deep Learning‐Based Anomaly Diagnosis Method for Capacitive Voltage Transformer Measurement Error in PIoT
Authors: Qu Zhiyi , Li Pengcheng , Chen Qinghui , Pan Zuliang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn the era of power Internet of Things (PIoT), the accuracy of capacitive voltage transformers (CVTs) is crucial for maintaining the reliability of voltage measurement and protection systems in smart grids, thereby contributing to overall grid stability and efficiency. Accurate and timely detection of anomalies in CVT measurement errors is essential for preventing equipment failures, reducing maintenance costs, and improving overall system reliability. However, existing anomaly diagnosis methods often rely on statistical analysis and rule‐based approaches, which have limitations in capturing complex patterns and adapting to evolving anomaly types. This paper proposes a novel deep learning‐based anomaly diagnosis method for CVT measurement error in PIoT, called LSTM‐CVT. The proposed method leverages a long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network architecture with three key strategies: bidirectional temporal dependency capture, hierarchical feature learning, and joint anomaly diagnosis and error estimation. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of LSTM‐CVT compared to state‐of‐the‐art baseline methods.
Integrating DNA Barcoding Within an Orthogonal Approach for Herbal Product Authentication: A Narrative Review
Authors: Nazar Nazia , Saxena Akanksha , Sebastian Anu , Slater Adrian , Sundaresan Velusamy , Sgamma Tiziana 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionExisting methods for morphological, organoleptic, and chemical authentication may not adequately ensure the accurate identification of plant species or guarantee safety. Herbal raw material authentication remains a major challenge in herbal medicine. Over the past decade, DNA barcoding, combined with an orthogonal approach integrating various testing methods for quality assurance, has emerged as a new trend in plant authentication.ObjectiveThe review evaluates DNA barcoding and common alternative testing in plant‐related sectors to enhance quality assurance and accurate authentication.MethodStudies were selected based on their relevance to the identification, quality assurance, and safety of herbal products. Inclusion criteria were peer‐reviewed articles, systematic reviews, and relevant case studies from the last two decades focused on DNA barcoding, identification methods, and their applications. Exclusion criteria involved studies lacking empirical data, those not peer‐reviewed, or those unrelated to the main focus. This ensured the inclusion of high‐quality, pertinent sources while excluding less relevant studies.ResultsAn orthogonal approach refers to the use of multiple, independent methods that provide complementary information for more accurate plant identification and quality assurance. This reduces false positives or negatives by confirming results through different techniques, combining DNA barcoding with morphological analysis or chemical profiling. It enhances confidence in results, particularly in cases of potential adulteration or misidentification of plant materials.ConclusionThis study highlights the persistent challenges in assuring the quality, purity, and safety of plant materials. Additionally, it stresses the importance of incorporating DNA‐based authentication alongside traditional methods, to enhance plant material identification.
Prenatal and Early‐Life Anti‐Infectives and Obesity at Age 7 Years
Authors: Gribsholt Sigrid Bjerge , Szépligeti Szimonetta Komjáthiné , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Mueller Noel T. , Karagas Margaret R. , Ehrenstein Vera 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo examine associations of prenatal and early‐life anti‐infective exposures with obesity at 7 years.MethodsIn this nationwide, registry‐based, prevalence study, we included all children with an anthropometric assessment at age 7 years from the Children's Database and linked their data with Danish population‐based registries from 2001 to 2018. We defined exposure to anti‐infectives (anti‐bacterials, anti‐virals, and anti‐fungals) by outpatient dispensings or by infection diagnoses at hospital encounters. The earliest date defined the exposure timing category: prenatal (−9 months– < 0 months), infancy (0– < 2 years), and early childhood (2– < 5 years). We computed prevalence ratios (aPRs) for associations of anti‐infective exposure with obesity prevalence at 7 years of age, adjusting for maternal and perinatal factors.ResultsWe included 460 363 children (51% boys). Prevalence of obesity at 7 years of age was 38% higher (aPR = 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27–1.49) among children exposed to any anti‐infective, 21% higher (aPR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.12–1.31) among children exposed to anti‐infectives in infancy, and 14% higher (aPR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03–1.26) among children exposed to anti‐infectives in early childhood. Exposure to anti‐bacterials was associated with obesity in a similar time‐dependent pattern [prenatal: aPR = 1.39 (95% CI: 1.29–1.50), infancy: aPR = 1.21 (95% CI: 1.12–1.30), and early childhood: aPR = 1.14 (95% CI: 1.03–1.25)]. For anti‐virals and anti‐fungals, exposure during infancy and early childhood was associated with larger aPRs than prenatal exposure. Furthermore, obesity prevalence increased monotonically with number of the anti‐infective prescriptions.ConclusionThese findings suggest that prenatal and early‐life exposure to anti‐infectives increases the risk of childhood obesity and that the magnitude of the associations depends on anti‐infective type, timing, and dose.
Fabrication of Hydroxyl Modified Hollow Glass Microsphere Composite Isocyanate‐Based Polyimide Foam and Optimization Strategy Based on Different Bonding Mechanisms
Authors: Jin Yifei , Sun Gaohui , Zhou Guocheng , Chen Rongrong , Wang Jun , Yang Zailin , Han Shihui 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, the hydroxyl modified hollow glass microsphere (HM‐HGM) is added to different foaming slurries of isocyanate‐based polyimide foam (IBPIF) at varying ratios, and different bonding effects are formed to optimize the dispersion behavior. Then, the novel HGM composited IBPIF (IBPIF/HGM) is prepared. Hydroxyl groups on HM‐HGM establish hydrogen bonding effect with pyromellitic acid dimethyl ester and dimethyl formamide in the white slurry and react with isocyanate groups in the black slurry. The cell structure of IBPIF is altered to improve its sound absorption performance and mechanical behaviors. Compared with IBPIF/HGM‐0, the average cell size of IBPIF/HGM‐1 and BPIF/HGM‐5 decreases significantly. The sound absorption performance and mechanical behaviors of them are improved to some extent. Compared with samples in which the HM‐HGM is added alone to a single slurry, when the dosage ratio of HM‐HGM in black and white slurries is 1:1, IBPIF/HGM‐3 has more uniform cell structure. The change of IBPIF cell structure by the introduction of HM‐HGM and the unique structure of HM‐HGM can enhance the sound absorption performance and mechanical behaviors of IBPIF. The design idea of different bonding mechanisms significantly provides technical assistance to enhance the acoustic performance of polymeric foam materials.
Loureirin B Accelerates Diabetic Wound Healing by Promoting TGFβ/Smad‐Dependent Macrophage M2 Polarization: A Concerted Analytical Approach Through Single‐Cell RNA Sequencing and Experimental Verification
Authors: Fan Weijing , Qu Yin , Yuan Xin , Shi Hongshuo , Liu Guobin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTDiabetic wound (DW) represent a significant clinical challenge and often fail to heal effectively. Loureirin B (LB), a flavonoid extracted from dragon's blood, has shown potential by influencing macrophage polarization and promoting wound healing. However, its mechanisms and efficacy in DW remain to be explored. This study employed single‐cell RNA sequencing to analyze the classification of cells in diabetic foot ulcers and to identify the related mechanisms influenced by macrophages. Molecular docking was used to predict the interactions of LB with key proteins in the TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway. The effects of LB on macrophage polarization and wound healing were further validated through in vitro and in vivo experiments using a DW model. Single‐cell analysis identified specific macrophage subtypes involved in the DW healing process and highlighted the role of the TGFβ/Smad pathway. Molecular docking suggested the potential action within the TGFβ/Smad pathway. In vitro studies showed that under high glucose conditions, LB promoted macrophage polarization from pro‐inflammatory M1 to healing‐promoting M2 and ECM production in fibroblasts by activating TGF‐β/Smad signaling. In vivo, LB treatment enhanced wound healing rates in diabetic mice and promoted macrophage M2 polarization and fibroblast synthesis of ECM by activating TGF‐β/Smad signaling. LB regulates macrophage M2 polarization and fibroblast synthesis of ECM by activating TGF‐β/Smad signaling to promote DW healing. These findings suggest that LB could be a potential therapeutic agent for improving DW healing, emphasizing the need for further clinical studies to explore its efficacy and mechanisms in human subjects.
Phytochemicals as Novel Therapeutics for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review of Current Knowledge
Authors: Bhutta Zeeshan Ahmad , Choi Kyung‐Chul 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTriple‐negative breast cancer is a characteristic subtype of breast cancer that lacks the estrogen receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and progesterone receptor. Because of its highly diverse subtypes, increased metastasis capability, and poor prognosis, the risk of mortality for people with triple‐negative breast cancers is high as compared with other cancers. Chemotherapy is currently playing a major role in treating triple‐negative breast cancer patients; however, poor prognosis due to drug resistance is causing serious concern. Recent studies on several phytochemicals derived from various plants being used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Korean Medicine, Ayurveda (Traditional Indian Medicine), and so on, have demonstrated to be a promising agent as a viable therapy against triple‐negative breast cancer. Phytochemicals categorized as alkaloids, polyphenols, terpenoids, phytosterols, and organosulfur compounds have been demonstrated to reduce cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by activating various molecular pathways, thereby reducing the spread of triple‐negative breast cancer. This review analyzes the molecular mechanisms by which various phytochemicals fight triple‐negative breast cancer and offers a perspective on the difficulties and potential prospects for treating triple‐negative breast cancer with various phytochemicals.
Highly Active NiRu/C Cathode Catalyst Synthesized by Displacement Reaction for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis
Authors: Ruck Stephan , Hutzler Andreas , Thiele Simon , van Pham Chuyen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAnion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) is highly promising for cost‐effective green hydrogen production due to its basic operating conditions facilitating the use of non‐noble catalysts. While non‐noble Ni/Fe‐based catalysts are utilized at the anode, its cathode catalyst still requires precious Pt. Due to the high cost of Pt and the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathode in basic conditions, developing alternative catalysts to replace Pt is highly important. Here, a synthesis procedure for a Ru‐based catalyst is reported and its high activity toward the HER in alkaline media is demonstrated in both half‐cell and single‐cell tests. The catalyst is synthesized in a two‐step approach. A highly dispersed Ni catalyst is prepared on carbon support in the first step. In the second step, Ru is deposited on its surface using a galvanic displacement reaction. The uniqueness of this method is that Ru is deposited over the entire electrically conductive surface, resulting in an isotropic and homogeneous Ru distribution within the catalyst powder. It is demonstrated that this material remarkably outperforms state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C catalysts in half‐cell and single‐cell tests. The single cell only requires 1.73 V at 1 A cm−2 with an overall PGM content of 0.05 mg cm−2.
Taking Stock on the Role of the EU in a Fragmenting International Order
Authors: Costa Oriol , Barbé Esther 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBased on the previous contributions to the volume, this chapter draws some conclusions. We find plenty of variation in the ways and the extent to which fragmentation is taking place in different policy areas. We suggest that international institutions designed to be universal might fragment differently from institutions that became aspirationally universal only with the end of the Cold War—although they are all exposed to the effects of great power competition. As regards the ways the EU engages with a fragmenting LIO, we claim that the contours of the EU response are starting to emerge. According to contributions to this volume, there is a broad acceptance of the logic of fragmentation, little exclusive nationalism, frequent and differently balanced combinations of Atlanticism and Europeanism, and probably a stronger response in those issue areas in which states have delegated more powers to the EU.
The European Union and the Fragmentation of the International Human Rights Regime: The Case of Violence Against Women
Authors: Badell Diego , Barbé Esther 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis book chapter scrutinizes divergent attitudes toward human rights universality, focusing on women’s rights, particularly in combating violence against women. It reveals cracks at both the international and pan-European levels. Moreover, the chapter illustrates that the European Union is not immune to such fractures. Tensions emerge, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, regarding the Istanbul Convention, reflecting a broader debate on universalistic versus traditional values, as well as on the appropriate governance level to address violence against women.
The Global Gateway: Connectivity and Competition in the Global Race for Infrastructures
Authors: Soler i Lecha Eduard 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the nexus of great power competition and global connectivity, infrastructures have become more strategic. Following the example set by China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), major global powers are increasingly engaged in building and financing infrastructural projects worldwide. This chapter focuses on the European Union’s (EU) contribution to this global trend through the launch of its Global Gateway initiative in 2021. It examines the initiative’s motivations and the array of perspectives within the EU. It highlights the tensions between geopolitical and developmental motivations, the search for partners and allies beyond Europe, and the reverberations of intra-EU power dynamics on the initiative’s trajectory.
An Overstrained Actor? the European Union and the Challenges of Nuclear Non-proliferation and Arms Control
Authors: Kienzle Benjamin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFragmentation of the nuclear non-proliferation regime is less pronounced than in other areas of the international order, but significant challenges exist, including decreasing great power collaboration, persistent nuclear proliferation and increasing discontent among non-nuclear weapon states. In this context, the European Union (EU) plays an important role in orchestrating and supporting financially the work of the institutions of the nuclear non-proliferation regime and ensuring the implementation of stringent export controls in the EU. In its Strategic Compass, the EU reinvigorated its commitment to non-proliferation and arms control. However, it lacks clear policies in two key areas: nuclear disarmament and arms control, where the last US-Russian agreement is suspended and any agreement with China is out of reach.
Bubble velocities and oscillon precursors in first-order phase transitions
Authors: Pîrvu Dalila , Johnson Matthew C. , Sibiryakov Sergey 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Metastable ‘false’ vacuum states are an important feature of the Standard Model of particle physics and many theories beyond it. Describing the dynamics of a phase transition out of a false vacuum via the nucleation of bubbles is essential for understanding the cosmology of vacuum decay and the full spectrum of observables. In this paper, we study vacuum decay by numerically evolving ensembles of field theories in 1+1 dimensions from a metastable state. We demonstrate that for an initial Bose-Einstein distribution of fluctuations, bubbles form with a Gaussian spread of center-of-mass velocities and that bubble nucleation events are preceded by an oscillon — a long-lived, time-dependent, pseudo-stable configuration of the field. Defining an effective temperature from the long-wavelength amplitude of fluctuations in the ensemble of simulations, we find good agreement between theoretical finite temperature predictions and empirical measurements of the decay rate, velocity distribution and critical bubble solution. We comment on the generalization of our results and the implications for cosmological observables.
New integrable RG flows with parafermions
Authors: Ahn Changrim , Bajnok Zoltan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider irrelevant deformations of massless RSOS scattering theories by an infinite number of higher [$$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

]s operators which introduce extra non-trivial CDD factors between left-movers and right-movers. It is shown that the resulting theories can be UV complete after bypassing typical Hagedorn-like singularities if the coefficients of the deformations are fine-tuned. By classifying all integrable cases, we have discovered a new UV complete QFT associated to the $$ {\mathcal{M}}_p $$

M
p

(p ≥ 3) minimal CFT based on the integrable structure of the RSOS scattering theory. This new theory is the massless ℤp−1 parafermionic sinh-Gordon (PShG) model with a self-dual coupling constant. This correspondence is confirmed by showing that the scale-dependent vacuum energies computed by the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz derived from the S-matrices match those from the quantization conditions for the PShG models using the reflection amplitudes.