bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related quality of life changes following renal transplantation in children
Authors: Wightman Aaron , Bradford Miranda C. , Smith Jodi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundStudies of HRQoL after kidney transplant have yielded conflicting results. We sought to assess the impact of kidney transplant on HRQoL.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study using the PedsQL3.0ESRD module during dialysis and at 3 and 12 months following kidney transplant in 56 recipients. For the entire cohort, we described HRQoL scores at each time point and used ANOVA models to test for associations between demographic and transplant‐related factors and post‐transplant scores. We used linear mixed models to investigate interactions between transplant and demographic and transplant‐related factors and to estimate differences between mean pre‐ and post‐transplant scores. Longitudinal changes in HRQoL were assessed by t test.ResultsWe found increases in all mean total scores, including subscales, at each assessed time period from dialysis to 3 months post‐transplant to 12 months post‐transplant. Post‐transplant total scores did not differ by gender, race, proximity to hospital, allograft source, or dialysis modality, but did differ by recipient age. Among participants with both pre‐ and post‐transplant observations, total scores increased for both recipients and parent‐proxies.ConclusionsThis study affirms the association between kidney transplant and improvement in HRQoL in the first year following transplant. Future research should further explore outcomes over the longer‐term and factors contributing to HRQoL among this population.
Threat‐conditioned contexts modulate the late positive potential to faces—A mobile EEG/virtual reality study
Authors: Stolz Christopher , Endres Dominik , Mueller Erik M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn everyday life, the motivational value of faces is bound to the contexts in which faces are perceived. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated that inherent negatively valent contexts modulate cortical face processing as assessed with ERP components. However, it is not well understood whether learned (rather than inherent) and three‐dimensional aversive contexts similarly modulate the neural processing of faces. Using full immersive virtual reality (VR) and mobile EEG techniques, 25 participants underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm, in which one virtual room was paired with an aversive noise burst (threat context) and another with a nonaversive noise burst (safe context). Subsequently, avatars with neutral or angry facial expressions were presented in the threat and safe contexts while EEG was recorded. Analysis of the late positive potential (LPP), which presumably indicates motivational salience, revealed a significant interaction of context (threat vs. safe) and face type (neutral vs. angry). Neutral faces evoked increased LPP amplitudes in threat versus safe contexts, while angry faces evoked increased early LPP amplitudes regardless of context. In addition to indicating that threat‐conditioned contexts alter the processing of ambiguous faces, the present study demonstrates the successful integration of EEG and VR with particular relevance for affective neuroscience research.
Late cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections after kidney transplantation under the preemptive strategy: Risk factors and clinical aspects
Authors: Ono Gislaine , Medina Pestana José Osmar , Aranha Camargo Luís Fernando 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundLate cytomegalovirus infections (LCMV) after the cessation of prophylaxis are well described. We aimed to assess clinical and epidemiological data on late‐occurring cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections in the absence of CMV prophylaxis in a cohort of kidney transplant patients.MethodsIn a cohort of kidney transplant recipients not employing CMV‐specific prophylaxis, patients with CMV infections occurring after 6 months of transplantation were compared to patients with CMV infections diagnosed within the first 6 months (early infections). The main objectives were to compare clinical outcomes and evaluate risk factors for late CMV infection.ResultsA total of 556 patients were evaluated. Forty‐three patients with LCMV infections were compared to 513 patients with early CMV infections. LCMV infections occurred after a median of 473 days of transplantation and had a more severe course, with a statistically significant higher rate of invasive disease and graft loss (60.5% vs 21.6% and 11.6% vs 3.1% respectively). Thirty‐day mortality was twice as high for patients with LCMV, but did not reach statistical significance (9.3% vs 4.3%). By multivariate analysis, employment of antilymphocyte therapy early after transplantation and tacrolimus as initial immunosuppressive therapy were significantly protective for the occurrence of LCMV infections.ConclusionLate CMV infections in the absence of specific prophylaxis after kidney transplantation have a more severe outcome when compared to early infections and occur in patients less immunosuppressed early after transplantation.
Cutaneous mucormycosis
Authors: Vulsteke Jean‐Baptiste , Deeren Dries 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMucormycosis is an aggressive invasive fungal infection that occurs rarely in immunocompetent but frequently in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of a 68‐year‐old patient with cutaneous mucormycosis due to Rhizopus pusillus. He was initially hospitalized for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and diabetes mellitus secondary to acute graft‐versus‐host treatment with glucocorticoids after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. Treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole was initiated but the patient developed septic shock with multiple organ failure and died 5 days later. The risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and prognosis of cutaneous mucormycosis in hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant patients are discussed.
Salt stress under the scalpel – dissecting the genetics of salt tolerance
Authors: Morton Mitchell J. L. , Awlia Mariam , Al‐Tamimi Nadia , Saade Stephanie , Pailles Yveline , Negrão Sónia , Tester Mark 
Published: December 2018

SummarySalt stress limits the productivity of crops grown under saline conditions, leading to substantial losses of yield in saline soils and under brackish and saline irrigation. Salt tolerant crops could alleviate these losses while both increasing irrigation opportunities and reducing agricultural demands on dwindling freshwater resources. However, despite significant efforts, progress towards this goal has been limited, largely because of the genetic complexity of salt tolerance for agronomically important yield‐related traits. Consequently, the focus is shifting to the study of traits that contribute to overall tolerance, thus breaking down salt tolerance into components that are more genetically tractable. Greater consideration of the plasticity of salt tolerance mechanisms throughout development and across environmental conditions furthers this dissection. The demand for more sophisticated and comprehensive methodologies is being met by parallel advances in high‐throughput phenotyping and sequencing technologies that are enabling the multivariate characterisation of vast germplasm resources. Alongside steady improvements in statistical genetics models, forward genetics approaches for elucidating salt tolerance mechanisms are gaining momentum. Subsequent quantitative trait locus and gene validation has also become more accessible, most recently through advanced techniques in molecular biology and genomic analysis, facilitating the translation of findings to the field. Besides fuelling the improvement of established crop species, this progress also facilitates the domestication of naturally salt tolerant orphan crops. Taken together, these advances herald a promising era of discovery for research into the genetics of salt tolerance in plants.
Cell wall traits that influence plant development, immunity, and bioconversion
Authors: De Lorenzo Giulia , Ferrari Simone , Giovannoni Moira , Mattei Benedetta , Cervone Felice 
Published: December 2018

SummaryThe architecture of the plant cell wall is highly dynamic, being substantially re‐modeled during growth and development. Cell walls determine the size and shape of cells and contribute to the functional specialization of tissues and organs. Beyond the physiological dynamics, the wall structure undergoes changes upon biotic or abiotic stresses. In this review several cell wall traits, mainly related to pectin, one of the major matrix components, will be discussed in relation to plant development, immunity and industrial bioconversion of biomass, especially for energy production. Plant cell walls are a source of oligosaccharide fragments with a signaling function for both development and immunity. Sensing cell wall damage, sometimes through the perception of released damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), is crucial for some developmental and immunity responses. Methodological advances that are expected to deepen our knowledge of cell wall (CW) biology will also be presented.
La comunicación en América Latina: un debate pendiente más allá de las resistencias.
Authors: Flores Prieto Pamela , Pozo Kelly 
Published: December 2018

El artículo reflexiona sobre el papel que podrían cumplir los programas y facultades de Comunicación en América Latina durante la construcción de visiones no hegemónicas de la comunicación al inscribir las teorías producidas en el continente como perspectivas centrales de sus planes curriculares e investigativos. Esta propuesta incluye tres puntos clave: 1) ‘Decolonizar el saber’ para consolidar un punto de enunciación donde se pueda dejar de ser el ‘otro’ para nosotros mismos. 2) Construir una ciudadanía garante de proyectos políticos que aboguen por la solidaridad y la equidad. 3) Asumir las tareas y desafíos que conlleva esta tarea emancipadora, empezando por la apropiación autovalorada de nuestros aportes al campo.
Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Ciberbullying en una muestra de adolescentes argentinos
Authors: Resett Santiago , Gámez-Guadix Manuel 
Published: December 2018

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Ciberbullying (CBQ) en una muestra de adolescentes argentinos. Se evaluó una muestra de 898 adolescentes (43 % varones, edad media 15.2). Los participantes respondieron a dicho cuestionario, a la escala victimización y agresión del cuestionario de Olweus y a medidas de problemas emocionales (depresión y ansiedad). Los análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio indicaron una subescala de Ciberagredir y dos subescalas de Cibervictimización; las alfas de Cronbach fueron adecuadas. Se observó validez convergente de la subescala Ciberagredir con la escala agredir de Olweus y de las dos subescalas de Cibervictimización con la escala victimización de Olweus. También se observó la validez convergente del instrumento con los puntajes de depresión y ansiedad y estas con un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales.
Las representaciones y prácticas docentes acerca de los materiales curriculares. Cambios y permanencias
Authors: Soto Rosales Antonio , Travé González Gabriel 
Published: December 2018

Se presentan los resultados de una investigación interesada en las concepciones que mantiene el profesorado sobre la utilización de materiales curriculares en la enseñanza de Conocimiento del Medio. A partir de un cuestionario construido para tal efecto, se obtuvo información de 863 profesores de las ocho provincias de Andalucía (España). El análisis de correspondencias múltiples efectuado revela la existencia de tres factores que explican el 71.2 % de la varianza: el primero representa las ideas propias del idealismo novel frente al realismo que genera la experiencia; el segundo, las ideas de defensa a ultranza de la utilidad del libro de texto frente a la duda sobre su utilidad y un tercero de carácter metodológico enfrenta metodologías activas a metodologías tradicionales.
Nonlinear Wave Load Models for Extra Large Monopiles
Authors: Pákozdi Csaba , Spence Silas , Fouques Sebastien , Thys Maxime , Alsos Hagbart S. , Bachynski Erin E. , Bihs Hans , Kamath Arun 
Published: December 2018

As the offshore wind industry moves toward deeper water, with larger turbines and correspondingly larger monopile foundations, nonlinear loads from steep waves may become more important for the ULS design. Nonlinear numerical wave tanks (NWTs) for generating wave kinematics, to be used as input to i.e. Morison’s equation, have been applied by several research groups, but further validation of the obtained wave kinematics is needed. Furthermore, the load models for larger diameters also need to be evaluated.
The present work first compares the wave elevation results from existing two-dimensional (2D) NWT tools. The nonlinear wave elevation is compared to experimental results from model tests of two regular waves. Several methods of wave generation are considered. The conclusion from the study is that the selected codes represent physics well, even though we see individual differences, which are discussed. Differences between codes are not necessarily only due to differences in the applied theory, but also modeling of wave flap, numerical beach etc.
Load (and response) estimates from using the NWT kinematics combined with the Morison load model are compared to experimental results, two sets of CFD simulations, and to simpler load models. Alternative methods of selecting the load coefficients for the simplified load models are also discussed.
Load Mitigation on Floating Offshore Wind Turbines With Advanced Controls and Tuned Mass Dampers
Authors: Cross-Whiter John , Ackers Benjamin B. , Arora Dhiraj , Wright Alan , Fleming Paul , Lackner Matthew , Park Semyung 
Published: December 2018

General Electric, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), the University of Massachusetts Amherst (UMass), and Glosten have recently completed a US Department of Energy (DOE)-funded research program to study technologies for mitigating loads on floating offshore wind turbines through the use of advanced turbine controls and tuned mass dampers (TMDs).
The analysis was based upon the Glosten PelaStar tension leg platform (TLP) with GE Haliade 150 turbine, a system developed in a previous front end engineering design (FEED) study funded by the Energy Technology Institute (ETI) in the UK. The platform was designed for the WaveHub wave energy research site, with a mean water depth of 59-m.
Loads were analyzed by running time-domain simulations in four 50-year return period (50-YRP) ultimate load state (ULS) conditions and 77 fatigue load state (FLS) environmental conditions. In 50-YRP conditions advanced controls are not active. The influence of TMDs on ULS loads have been reported previously (Park et al. [2]). In FLS conditions advanced controls and TMDs afford dramatic reductions in fatigue damage, offering the potential of significant savings in tower structural requirements.
Simulations in turbine idling conditions were run in OrcaFlex, and simulations in operating conditions were run in FAST. Simulations were run with a baseline turbine controller, representative of the current state of the art, and an advanced controller developed by NREL to use collective and individual blade pitch control to maintain rotor speed and reduce tower loads. UMass developed a number of TMD types, with varying system configurations, including passive nonlinear dampers and semi-actively controlled dampers with an inverse velocity groundhook control algorithm.
Loads and accelerations in FLS conditions were evaluated on the basis of damage equivalent loads (DELs), and fatigue damage was computed by Miner’s summations of stress cycles at the tower base.
To study sensitivity to water depth, loads were analyzed at both the 59-m WaveHub depth and a more commercially realistic depth of 100 m.
TMDs reduce fatigue damage at the tower-column interface flange by up to 52% in 59-m water depth and up to 28% in 100 m water depth. Advanced controls reduce fatigue damage at the tower-column flange by up to 22% in 59-m water depth and up to 40% in 100 m water depth.
The most effective load-mitigation strategy is combining advanced controls with TMDs. This strategy affords a 71% reduction in fatigue damage in both 59-m and 100-m water depths.
How to untie your tongue
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: December 2018

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Communication is not only the written word. In this installment, Philip Yaffe shares tips and exercises that will help improve your skills in both writing and speaking.
Step frequency patterns of elite ultramarathon runners during a 100-km road race
Authors: Burns Geoffrey T. , Zendler Jessica M. , Zernicke Ronald F. 
Published: December 2018

Step frequency (SF) in running has received substantial interest from researchers, coaches, therapists, and runners. It has been widely studied in controlled settings, but no published study has measured it continuously in elite-level competition. The present study used wrist-based accelerometers in consumer-grade watches to monitor SF and SF variability of competitors in the 2016 100-km World Championship road race. Using linear mixed-model regression, SF and SF variability were assessed across the race. The average SF (steps-per-minute) of competitors ( n = 20) was 182.0 spm (range: 155.4–203.1 spm). Race fluctuations in SF were influenced only by the speed the competitors were running, with faster speeds being associated with greater SF (5.6 spm/m·s−1, P < 0.001). Independently of this speed relation, SF did not significantly change over the course of the race. SF was further linked to the runner's stature (−123.1 spm/m, P = 0.01) but not significantly related to sex, weight, age, or years of experience. The SF coefficient-of-variation was inversely associated with running speed and distance covered, with runners demonstrating decreasing variability both at faster speeds and as the race progressed. Together, these results add ecological evidence to observations of a speed dependency of SF in a highly trained, elite population of runners and suggest that in road race conditions, SF changes only with speed and not fatigue. Furthermore, it presents evidence that the variability of an elite runner's SF is linked to both speed and fatigue but not to any other characteristics of the runner. The current findings are important for runners, clinicians, and coaches as they seek to monitor or manipulate SF. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Stride frequency (SF; or the synonymous “cadence”) has become a popular point of monitoring and manipulation in runners. Advances in wearable technology have enabled continuous monitoring of SF. This study is the first to examine SF and SF variability patterns throughout an entire road race in elite ultramarathon runners. This adds ecological, normative data to the field's understanding of SF and demonstrates how it relates to running speed, fatigue, and individual characteristics.
QRS Area Is a Strong Determinant of Outcome in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: van Stipdonk Antonius M.W. , ter Horst Iris , Kloosterman Marielle , Engels Elien B. , Rienstra Michiel , Crijns Harry J.G.M. , Vos Marc A. , van Gelder Isabelle C. , Prinzen Frits W. , Meine Mathias , Maass Alexander H. , Vernooy Kevin 
Published: December 2018

Background:
The combination of left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology and QRS duration is currently used to select patients for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). These parameters, however, have limitations. This study evaluates the value of QRS area compared with that of QRS duration and morphology in the association with clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in a large cohort of CRT patients.

Methods:
A retrospective multicentre study was conducted in 1492 CRT patients. LBBB morphology, QRS duration, and QRS area in the baseline 12-lead ECG were evaluated for their association with the occurrence of the combined primary end point of all-cause mortality, cardiac transplantation, and left ventricular assist device implantation. Secondary end points were heart failure hospitalization within the first year after implantation and echocardiographic reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume.

Results:

During a mean follow-up period of 3.4 years, 32% of patients reached the primary end point. The association of QRS area with all outcomes was stronger than that of LBBB morphology and QRS duration separately and at least as strong as their combination. QRS area identified patients who did not experience the primary end point better than QRS morphology and QRS duration (area under the curve, 0.61 versus 0.55 and 0.51, respectively;
P
<0.001). Furthermore, QRS area identifies patients with echocardiographic remodeling in response to CRT better than QRS morphology and duration (area under the curve, 0.69 versus 0.58 and 0.58, respectively;
P
<0.001). QRS area was the only independent electrocardiographic determinant associated with the primary end point; hazard ratio, 0.50 (0.35–0.71). Furthermore, QRS area showed significant association with outcomes in both patients with and without LBBB and QRS ≥150 ms.

Conclusions:
QRS area has a strong association to clinical and echocardiographic response to CRT, at least as strong as current patient selection parameters. QRS area may be particularly useful to predict CRT response in patients without a wide LBBB.
Thermodynamic and Dynamic Mechanisms for Hydrological Cycle Intensification over the Full Probability Distribution of Precipitation Events
Authors: Chen Gang , Norris Jesse , Neelin J. David , Lu Jian , Leung L. Ruby , Sakaguchi Koichi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Precipitation changes in a warming climate have been examined with a focus on either mean precipitation or precipitation extremes, but changes in the full probability distribution of precipitation have not been well studied. This paper develops a methodology for the quantile-conditional column moisture budget of the atmosphere for the full probability distribution of precipitation. Analysis is performed on idealized aquaplanet model simulations under 3-K uniform SST warming across different horizontal resolutions. Because the covariance of specific humidity and horizontal mass convergence is much reduced when conditioned onto a given precipitation percentile range, their conditional averages yield a clear separation between the moisture (thermodynamic) and circulation (dynamic) effects of vertical moisture transport on precipitation. The thermodynamic response to idealized climate warming can be understood as a generalized “wet get wetter” mechanism, in which the heaviest precipitation of the probability distribution is enhanced most from increased gross moisture stratification, at a rate controlled by the change in lower-tropospheric moisture rather than column moisture. The dynamic effect, in contrast, can be interpreted by shifts in large-scale atmospheric circulations such as the Hadley cell circulation or midlatitude storm tracks. Furthermore, horizontal moisture advection, albeit of secondary role, is important for regional precipitation change. Although similar mechanisms are at play for changes in both mean precipitation and precipitation extremes, the thermodynamic contributions of moisture transport to increases in high percentiles of precipitation tend to be more widespread across a wide range of latitudes than increases in the mean, especially in the subtropics.