bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Coercivity and Magnetization in WSe2 by Codoping Co and Nb
Authors: Ahmed Sohail , Ding Xiang , Murmu Peter P. , Bao Nina , Liu Rong , Kennedy John , Wang Lan , Ding Jun , Wu Tom , Vinu Ajayan , Yi Jiabao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroducing ferromagnetism in transition metal dichalcogenides has attracted lots of attention due to the possible applications in spintronics devices. Generally, single magnetic element doping is used to introduce magnetism. However, mostly, weak ferromagnetism is observed. In this work, codoping of two kinds of transition metals (Nb and Co) into WSe2 is used to study its magnetic properties. In detail, single crystal WSe2 is codoped with 4 at% Co and various concentrations of Nb by employing the physical ion implantation method. Raman, X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results reveal the effective substitutional doping of implanted elements (Co and Nb). Magnetic measurements illustrate that both un‐doped and 4 at% Co doped WSe2 show weak ferromagnetism whereas magnetization is strongly enhanced when Co and Nb are codoped into WSe2. The magnetization is comparable with a ferromagnet, which may be attributed to Co, Nb doping and defects. In addition, a large coercivity of ≈1.2 kOe is observed in the 1 at% Nb–4 at% Co codoped WSe2 sample, which may be ascribed to the combined effect of doping‐induced stress, defect‐dictated pinning and anisotropy of NbSe bond owing to the charge transfer between Nb and Se ions.
PEGylated Tantalum Nanoparticles: A Metallic Photoacoustic Contrast Agent for Multiwavelength Imaging of Tumors
Authors: Miao Zhaohua , Liu Peiying , Wang Yichuan , Li Kai , Huang Doudou , Yang Huanjie , Zhao Qingliang , Zha Zhengbao , Zhen Liang , Xu Cheng‐Yan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElemental tantalum is a well‐known biomedical metal in clinics due to its extremely high biocompatibility, which is superior to that of other biomedical metallic materials. Hence, it is of significance to expand the scope of biomedical applications of tantalum. Herein, it is reported that tantalum nanoparticles (Ta NPs), upon surface modification with polyethylene glycol (PEG) molecules via a silane‐coupling approach, are employed as a metallic photoacoustic (PA) contrast agent for multiwavelength imaging of tumors. By virtue of the broad optical absorbance from the visible to near‐infrared region and high photothermal conversion efficiency (27.9%), PEGylated Ta NPs depict high multiwavelength contrast capability for enhancing PA imaging to satisfy the various demands (penetration depth, background noise, etc.) of clinical diagnosis as needed. Particularly, the PA intensity of the tumor region postinjection is greatly increased by 4.87, 7.47, and 6.87‐fold than that of preinjection under 680, 808, and 970 nm laser irradiation, respectively. In addition, Ta NPs with negligible cytotoxicity are capable of eliminating undesirable reactive oxygen species, ensuring the safety for biomedical applications. This work introduces a silane‐coupling strategy for the surface engineering of Ta NPs, and highlights the potential of Ta NPs as a biocompatible metallic contrast agent for multiwavelength photoacoustic image.
Self‐Assembled Peptide‐Based Nanoprobes for Disease Theranostics and Disease‐Related Molecular Imaging
Authors: Ren Chunhua , Wang Zhongyan , Wang Qian , Yang Cuihong , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSelf‐assembling peptide‐based nanoprobes have attracted increasing research interest in recent years because of their inherent advantages, such as good biosafety, flexible designability, ease of synthesis, and degradability. Being precisely regulated by a delicate molecular design, the self‐assembly/disassembly behavior of the peptide‐based nanoprobes to external stimuli results in signal turn‐on/off properties, which can therefore be applied for disease theranostics and disease‐related molecular detection, including cancer, bacterial infection, cell imaging, and enzymes. This review summarizes the recent advancements of self‐assembled peptide‐based nanoprobes for disease diagnosis and molecular imaging. Moreover, the challenges and strategies of self‐assembled peptide‐based nanoprobes for clinic transformation and practical applications are briefly discussed.
Activity‐based analysis of sociotechnical change
Authors: Adamides Emmanuel D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce activity‐based analysis (ABA) for explaining and learning about sociotechnical system change at the societal function level. The analysis is based on a novel conceptualization of sociotechnical systems as activity systems, and change as result of the resolution of contradictions that develop within and between activities carried out for the fulfilment of societal functions. We develop ABA for the specific domain and employ it in the construction of a narrative explanation of the evolution of the food/nutrition sociotechnical system from the institutionalization of processed food to the emergence of medical nutrition.
Risk factors for Cesarean delivery in pregnancy with small‐for‐gestational‐age fetus undergoing induction of labor
Authors: Nwabuobi C. , Gowda N. , Schmitz J. , Wood N. , Pargas A. , Bagiardi L. , Odibo L. , Camisasca‐Lopina H. , Kuznicki M. , Sinkey R. , Odibo A. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo identify risk factors for Cesarean delivery and non‐reassuring fetal heart tracing (NRFHT) in pregnancies with a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) fetus undergoing induction of labor and to design and validate a prediction model, combining antenatal and intrapartum variables known at the time of labor induction, to identify pregnancies at increased risk of Cesarean delivery.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of non‐anomalous, singleton gestations with a SGA fetus that underwent induction of labor, delivered in a single tertiary referral center between January 2011 and December 2016. SGA was defined as estimated fetal weight (EFW) < 10th percentile. The primary outcome was to identify risk factors associated with Cesarean delivery. The secondary outcome was to identify risk factors associated with NRFHT. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine which clinical characteristics, available at the time of admission, had the strongest association with Cesarean delivery and NRFHT during labor induction. The predictive value of the final models was assessed by the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve (AUC). Sensitivity and specificity of the models were also assessed. Internal validation of the models was performed using 10 000 bootstrap replicates of the original cohort. The adequacy of the models was evaluated using the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit
test.ResultsA total of 594 pregnancies were included. Cesarean delivery was performed in 243 (40.9%) pregnancies. Significant risk factors associated with Cesarean delivery, and included in the final model, were maternal age, gestational age at delivery and initial method of labor induction. The bootstrap estimate of the AUC of the final prediction model for Cesarean delivery was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.78–0.86). The model had sensitivity of 64.2%, specificity of 86.9%, positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 4.9 and negative LR of 0.41. The model had good fit (P = 0.617). NRFHT complicated 117 (19.7%) pregnancies. Significant risk factors for NRFHT included EFW < 5th percentile, abnormal umbilical artery Doppler studies (pulsatility index > 95th percentile or absent/reversed end‐diastolic flow) and gestational age at delivery. The final prediction model for NRFHT had an AUC of 0.69 (95% CI, 0.63–0.75) and specificity of 97.0%.ConclusionWe identified several significant risk factors for Cesarean delivery and NRFHT among SGA pregnancies undergoing induction of labor. Clinicians may use these risk factors to guide patient counseling and to help anticipate the potential need for operative delivery. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pain Trajectories and Predictors: A 7-Year Longitudinal Study of Women With Vulvodynia
Authors: Pâquet Myriam , Vaillancourt-Morel Marie-Pier , Jodouin Jean-François , Steben Marc , Bergeron Sophie 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Introduction
A significant proportion of women report a reduction of symptoms over time—even without treatment—yet the natural progression of vulvodynia and which factors may explain decrease vs persistence of pain remain unclear.

Aim
To identify subgroups of pain trajectories in women with vulvodynia and to predict these different trajectories by treatments undertaken, pain characteristics, and psychosocial factors.

Methods
Data on pain intensity, treatments undertaken, pain characteristics, and psychosocial factors were collected 3 times over a 7-year period from 173 women who screened positive for vulvodynia. Latent class growth analysis was conducted to identify homogeneous subgroups with distinct pain trajectories. A multivariate binomial logistic regression was used to examine whether treatments, pain characteristics, and psychosocial factors predicted these trajectories.

Main Outcome Measure
The main outcome was pain intensity (0–10), measured at 3 time points with the numerical rating scale.

Results
2 pain trajectories were identified: 1 where pain persisted (28.9%), and 1 where pain decreased over time (71.1%). Whether a treatment had been undertaken was not predictive of the course of pain over time. Women who were older at first pain onset, had pain at another location than the entrance of the vagina, and reported more anxiety were more likely to have a persistent pain trajectory relative to the decreased pain trajectory.

Clinical Implications
Findings suggest that the evolution of pain differs among women with vulvodynia depending on pain characteristics and anxiety.

Strengths & Limitations
Strengths of the study include the 7-year longitudinal design to examine the natural history of provoked vestibulodynia and the inclusion of biopsychosocial factors as predictors of pain trajectories. However, women with major medical and psychiatric illnesses or deep dyspareunia were not included, and, thus, these factors could not be examined as predictors.

Conclusion
Assessing baseline characteristics associated with different pain trajectories during medical visits could have positive implications for the management of vulvodynia.
Technical, Political, and Social Issues in Archaeological Collections Data Management
Authors: Emerson Patricia , Hoffman Nancy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractManaging collections means ensuring that the data about them are useful, available, and accurate. In addition to the technical aspects of data management, there are layers of political and social structure that direct the construction and use of collections data. The Minnesota Historical Society (MNHS) employs a set of data standards that allows us to gather electronic cataloging data from a wide community of archaeology researchers who are depositing collections at our institution. Though met with initial resistance, these standards have facilitated publication in Open Context as linked open data. Furthermore, institutional discussions concerning Creative Commons licensing and the cultural sensitivity of collections data were precipitated by publication, highlighting the role of social agreement in data management. We found that successful employment of data standards must take into account the needs of the various stakeholders and further their interests. Standards will be most useful and successful when they are lightweight, are supported by training and documentation, and exist as part of a system that allows for more than one way to characterize the collections.
A Long View of Archaeological Collections Care, Preservation, and Management
Authors: Benden Danielle M. , Taft Mara C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCollections care practices have become professionalized in the last 30 years, in large part because of the work of organizations such as the American Alliance of Museums, the Canadian Conservation Institute, the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections, the American Institute for Conservation, and others in the museum sphere. Advances in preservation and management have benefited the discipline of archaeology in the field and laboratory. This thematic issue provides an updated perspective on the current happenings in the repository, highlighting innovative techniques and practices that collections specialists employ when managing the archaeological record. This article considers a macroview of the issues surrounding archaeological curation today and ponders what the future of collections preservation can and should look like.
Arctic Ice Ocean Prediction System: evaluating sea-ice forecasts duringXuelong's first trans-Arctic Passage in summer 2017
Authors: Mu Longjiang , Liang Xi , Yang Qinghua , Liu Jiping , Zheng Fei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn an effort to improve the reliability of Arctic sea-ice predictions, an ensemble-based Arctic Ice Ocean Prediction System (ArcIOPS) has been developed to meet operational demands. The system is based on a regional Arctic configuration of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model. A localized error subspace transform ensemble Kalman filter is used to assimilate the weekly merged CryoSat-2 and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity sea-ice thickness data together with the daily Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) sea-ice concentration data. The weather forecasts from the Global Forecast System of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction drive the sea ice–ocean coupled model. The ensemble mean sea-ice forecasts were used to facilitate the Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition in summer 2017. The forecasted sea-ice concentration is evaluated against AMSR2 and Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder sea-ice concentration data. The forecasted sea-ice thickness is compared to the in-situ observations and the Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System. These comparisons show the promising potential of ArcIOPS for operational Arctic sea-ice forecasts. Nevertheless, the forecast bias in the Beaufort Sea calls for a delicate parameter calibration and a better design of the assimilation system.
Neolithic population crash in northwest Europe associated with agricultural crisis
Authors: Colledge Sue , Conolly James , Crema Enrico , Shennan Stephen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe focus of this paper is the Neolithic of northwest Europe, where a rapid growth in population between ~5950 and ~5550 cal yr BP is followed by a decline that lasted until ~4950 cal yr BP. The timing of the increase in population density correlates with the local appearance of farming and is attributed to the advantageous effects of agriculture. However, the subsequent population decline has yet to be satisfactorily explained. One possible explanation is the reduction in yields in Neolithic cereal-based agriculture due to worsening climatic conditions. The suggestion of a correlation between Neolithic climate deterioration, agricultural productivity, and a decrease in population requires testing for northwestern Europe. Data for our analyses were collected during the Cultural Evolution of Neolithic Europe project. We assess the correlation between agricultural productivity and population densities in the Neolithic of northwest Europe by examining the changing frequencies of crop and weed taxa before, during and after the population “boom and bust.” We show that the period of population decline is coincidental with a decrease in cereal production linked to a shift towards less fertile soils.
Occurrence of pyrethroid resistance mutation in Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) throughout Argentina
Authors: Soleño J. , Parra-Morales L.B. , Cichón L. , Garrido S. , Guiñazú N. , Montagna C.M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPyrethroid insecticides were intensively used against Cydia pomonella in the Río Negro and Neuquén valley, main production area of pome fruits in Argentina. Therefore, the first objective was to evaluate lambda-cyhalothrin resistance levels in C. pomonella larvae from orchards in this area that are currently under pyrethroids treatments. The second objective was to evaluate the frequency of kdr mutation in C. pomonella across Argentina. High levels of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin (resistance ratios > 30) were determined in all the populations evaluated. The L1014F (kdr) mutation was evaluated in 355 diapausing larvae collected in 12 orchards from San Juan to Santa Cruz provinces (1690 km away from each other). The highest frequency of kdr mutation was determined in larvae from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley (0.61), followed by those from Mendoza (0.36). The kdr allele was absent or present at very low frequencies in orchards subjected to low pyrethroid pressure. The frequency of detection of kdr mutation in C. pomonella from Argentina is related to the use of pyrethroids against this pest in different areas. Target-site insensitivity is, at least, one of the mechanisms involved in resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in codling moth from the Río Negro and Neuquén valley.
Temperature-dependent development and survival of immature stages of the coffee berry borer Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Azrag A.G.A. , Yusuf A.A. , Pirk C.W.W. , Niassy S. , Mbugua K.K. , Babin R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is the most destructive insect pest of coffee worldwide, there is much to learn about its thermal biology. This study aimed to develop temperature-based models for H. hampei development and to provide the thermal requirements of immature stages in the laboratory. Using a new observation method, larval development and survival were monitored daily on fresh Arabica coffee seeds, under seven constant temperatures in the range 15–35°C, with 80 ± 5% RH and 12:12 L:D photoperiod. Linear and non-linear functions were fitted to the development data plotted against temperature, using Insect Life Cycle Modelling software (ILCYM). Temperature significantly affected the development time of all immature stages. Egg incubation period ranged 4.6–16.8 days, under temperature between 30 and 15°C. No development occurred at 35°C and the larval stage did not develop to pupa at 15°C. The minimum temperature threshold (Tmin) estimated from linear regression was 10.5, 13.0, 15.0 and 13.0°C, for egg, larva, pupa and the total development from egg to adult, respectively. The maximum temperature threshold (Tmax) estimated from the Sharpe and DeMichele function was 32°C for egg to adult development. The thermal constant (k) was estimated at 78.1, 188.7, 36.5 and 312.5 degree days, for egg, larva, pupa and for egg to adult, respectively. Our results will help understand and predict the pest population dynamics and distribution in coffee plantations as impacted by temperature, and as such, will contribute to a more efficient management of the pest.
Endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy
Authors: Ahilasamy N , Rajendran Dinesh K 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgical techniques for resistant chronic rhinitis (rhinorrhoea) vary, ranging from vidian neurectomy to post-nasal neurectomy. The techniques vary mainly on the basis of instrumentation, and the avoidance of post-operative epistaxis, transient hypoesthesia of the soft palate and dryness of the eye. Endoscopic visualisation, and cauterisation or resection of posterior nasal nerve branches, can prevent such complications.MethodThe technique and surgical steps of endoscopic posterior nasal neurectomy are presented.ResultsThe critical steps include: bilateral sphenopalatine nerve blocks, transnasally or transorally via the greater palatine foramen; vertical incisions made behind the posterior fontanelle; and elevation of the mucoperiosteal flap. The sphenopalatine foramen and artery is identified. The posterior nasal nerve is located 4–5 mm inferior to the sphenopalatine artery, and is resected or cauterised. The flaps are repositioned back into place. No post-operative nasal packing is required. The same procedure is performed on the opposite side for effective results.ConclusionThis technique provides consistent, robust results, with long-term relief of allergic and vasomotor rhinitis related nasal symptoms, without risk of complication.
Understanding populist politics in Turkey: a hegemonic depth approach
Authors: Yalvaç Faruk , Joseph Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe aim of this article is to understand populism as a hegemonic project involving a struggle for power between different social forces. We take a critical realist approach in defining populism. This implies several things. We develop a new approach to understanding populist politics by taking neither a purely discursive (Laclau), nor a solely structural (Poulantzas), but a critical realist approach and analysing the three-way relationship between structural conditions, agency, and institutional framework. Second, it implies that populist politics is composed of complex and often contradictory dynamics and emergent features involving mainly domestic but also international processes. We develop this through a combination of three concepts – passive revolution, hegemonic depth, and partial hegemony. These indicate how a hegemonic project is situated in deeper social relations and how hegemonic leadership responds to this. We take the policies of AKP government in Turkey as a case in populist hegemonic project. We demonstrate that AKP has followed different hegemonic projects during its rule changing from an initial majoritarian populist politics to one of neoliberal authoritarian populism as it has consolidated its hegemonic depth. These different populist projects involve alternative visions of Turkey but are nevertheless all compatible with a global neoliberal agenda.
Moderated Mobilization: A New Model of Enterprise-level Collective Bargaining in South China
Authors: Luo Siqi , Yang Tao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn response to a series of strikes in south China in 2010, a new model of collective bargaining has emerged, featuring what this article describes as “moderated mobilization.” Distinct from what is typically known as China's quadripartite industrial relations system, whereby workers are separated from the party-state, official trade unions and employers, this model shows workers and enterprise-level trade unions in collaboration with one another. According to our observations from 2012 to 2017, some enterprise unions have successfully mobilized workers throughout the collective bargaining process. These unions are democratically elected by workers and are relatively independent from the official authorities. At the same time, they have “moderated” such mobilization particularly to reduce labour militancy, given the political and institutional constraints within which they must work. The implication of this new model is significant. Although it might be far from solving the quadripartite dilemma, it has signalled an increase in local initiatives among enterprise unions – a previously neglected but pragmatically favourable channel for workers.