bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) infestation on Atlantic salmon farms and wild Pacific salmon in Muchalat Inlet, Canada
Authors: Nekouei Omid , Vanderstichel Raphael , Thakur Krishna , Arriagada Gabriel , Patanasatienkul Thitiwan , Whittaker Patrick , Milligan Barry , Stewardson Lance , Revie Crawford W. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGrowth in salmon aquaculture over the past two decades has raised concerns regarding the potential impacts of the industry on neighboring ecosystems and wild fish productivity. Despite limited evidence, sea lice have been identified as a major cause for the decline in some wild Pacific salmon populations on the west coast of Canada. We used sea lice count and management data from farmed and wild salmon, collected over 10 years (2007–2016) in the Muchalat Inlet region of Canada, to evaluate the association between sea lice recorded on salmon farms with the infestation levels on wild out-migrating Chum salmon. Our analyses indicated a significant positive association between the sea lice abundance on farms and the likelihood that wild fish would be infested. However, increased abundance of lice on farms was not significantly associated with the levels of infestation observed on the wild salmon. Our results suggest that Atlantic salmon farms may be an important source for the introduction of sea lice to wild Pacific salmon populations, but that the absence of a dose response relationship indicates that any estimate of farm impact requires more careful evaluation of causal inference than is typically seen in the extant scientific literature.
Identification of microRNAs involved in lipid biosynthesis and seed size in developing sea buckthorn seeds using high-throughput sequencing
Authors: Ding Jian , Ruan Chengjiang , Guan Ying , Krishna Priti 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSea buckthorn is a plant of medicinal and nutritional importance owing in part to the high levels of essential fatty acids, linoleic (up to 42%) and α-linolenic (up to 39%) acids in the seed oil. Sea buckthorn can produce seeds either via the sexual pathway or by apomixis. The seed development and maturation programs are critically dependent on miRNAs. To understand miRNA-mediated regulation of sea buckthorn seed development, eight small RNA libraries were constructed for deep sequencing from developing seeds of a low oil content line ‘SJ1’ and a high oil content line ‘XE3’. High-throughput sequencing identified 137 known miRNA from 27 families and 264 novel miRNAs. The potential targets of the identified miRNAs were predicted based on sequence homology. Nineteen (four known and 15 novel) and 22 (six known and 16 novel) miRNAs were found to be involved in lipid biosynthesis and seed size, respectively. An integrated analysis of mRNA and miRNA transcriptome and qRT-PCR identified some key miRNAs and their targets (miR164d-ARF2, miR168b-Δ9D, novelmiRNA-108-ACC, novelmiRNA-23-GPD1, novelmiRNA-58-DGAT1, and novelmiRNA-191-DGAT2) potentially involved in seed size and lipid biosynthesis of sea buckthorn seed. These results indicate the potential importance of miRNAs in regulating lipid biosynthesis and seed size in sea buckthorn.
Holocene geochemical footprint from Semi-arid alpine wetlands in southern Spain
Authors: García-Alix Antonio , Jiménez-Espejo Francisco J. , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Toney Jaime L. , Ramos-Román María J. , Camuera Jon , Anderson R. Scott , Delgado-Huertas Antonio , Martínez-Ruiz Francisca , Queralt Ignasi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHere we provide the geochemical dataset that our research group has collected after 10 years of investigation in the Sierra Nevada National Park in southern Spain. These data come from Holocene sedimentary records from four alpine sites (ranging from ∼2500 to ∼3000 masl): two peatlands and two shallow lakes. Different kinds of organic and inorganic analyses have been conducted. The organic matter in the bulk sediment was characterised using elemental measurements and isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS). Leaf waxes in the sediment were investigated by means of chromatography with flame-ionization detection and mass spectrometry (GC-FID, GC-MS). Major, minor and trace elements of the sediments were analysed with atomic absorption (AAS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), as well as X-ray scanning fluorescence. These data can be reused by environmental researchers and soil and land managers of the Sierra Nevada National Park and similar regions to identify the effect of natural climate change, overprinted by human impact, as well as to project new management policies in similar protected areas.
An open repository for single-cell reconstructions of the brain forest
Authors: Akram Masood A. , Nanda Sumit , Maraver Patricia , Armañanzas Rubén , Ascoli Giorgio A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNeuroMorpho.Org was launched in 2006 to provide unhindered access to any and all digital tracings of neuronal morphology that researchers were willing to share freely upon request. Today this database is the largest public inventory of cellular reconstructions in neuroscience with a content of over 80,000 neurons and glia from a representative diversity of animal species, anatomical regions, and experimental methods. Datasets continuously contributed by hundreds of laboratories worldwide are centrally curated, converted into a common non-proprietary format, morphometrically quantified, and annotated with comprehensive metadata. Users download digital reconstructions for a variety of scientific applications including visualization, classification, analysis, and simulations. With more than 1,000 peer-reviewed publications describing data stored in or utilizing data retrieved from NeuroMorpho.Org, this ever-growing repository can already be considered a mature resource for neuroscience.
Socioeconomic Factors Affecting Discharge Status of Patients with Uncomplicated Transsphenoidal Adenohypophysectomy
Authors: Villwock Jennifer , Sykes Kevin , Chamoun Roukoz , Beahm D. , Hamill Chelsea 
Published: February 2018

Objectives The number of transsphenoidal adenohypophysectomies (TSAs) surgeries has grown significantly since 1993. While there has been an overall decreasing trend in length of stay (LOS), socioeconomic factors may impact hospitalization. This study explores the impact of socioeconomic factors on LOS and total charges in uncomplicated patients undergoing TSA.
Design Retrospective cohort.
Setting 2009 to 2013 Nationwide Inpatient Sample.
Participants Patients undergoing TSA without medical complications.
Main Outcomes Measures LOS and total charges.
Results A total of 6,457 patients were identified, of which 17.2% had secreting tumors. Patients with secreting tumors stayed 2.95 days versus those with nonsecreting tumors stayed 3.26 days (p < 0.001). Discharge to other than self-care was the largest contributing variable for both subsets, increasing both LOS and total charges. Patient factors that drove longer LOS and increased total charges for both subsets included metropolitan domicile, having a lower median income, Hispanic ethnicity, and having an increased amount of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) comorbidity indices. Having private insurance predicted a shorter LOS and lower total charges.
Conclusions These results demonstrate that, even without complications, patients can be delayed in their discharge. While several socioeconomic factors significantly predict LOS and charges, the discharge disposition ultimately has the greatest effect. This suggests that efforts should focus on improving organizational factors such as coordination with social work and outside facilities to decrease LOS and charges for this patient population.
Nudging-Maßnahmen im Bereich Ernährung zur Prävention von Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Holzmann S. L. , Bieringer A. , Hauner H. , Holzapfel C. 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungÜbergewicht und Adipositas im Kindes- und Jugendalter haben sich in den letzten Jahrzehnten zunehmend zu einer Herausforderung für das Gesundheitssystem und die Gesellschaft entwickelt. Der wachsende Außer- Haus-Verzehr von hoch prozessierten Lebensmitteln, bedingt durch deren Omnipräsenz, ist mit einer gesteigerten Energieaufnahme assoziiert. Es handelt sich um eine komplexe Ernährungsumwelt, in der Essensentscheidungen oft auf Gewohnheit und Intuition basieren, nicht aber bewusst und kontrolliert getroffen werden. Präventionsstrategien bei Übergewicht und Adipositas adressieren entweder das Verhalten des Individuums (=Verhaltensprävention) per se oder die Verhältnisse, in denen das Individuum lebt (=Verhältnisprävention). Im Bereich der Verhältnisprävention von Übergewicht und Adipositas gewann in den letzten Jahren der sogenannte “nudging”-Ansatz (“Verhaltensstupser”) an Bedeutung. Das Prinzip “Nudging” wird häufig in ernährungsassoziierten Kontexten eingesetzt. In Deutschland existieren bisher nur wenige Präventionsprogramme, die den verhältnispräventiven Ansatz gegen Übergewicht und Adipositas bei Kindern und Jugendlichen adressieren. Gerade in den Settings “Kindergarten” und “Schule” besteht die Möglichkeit, im Rahmen von einfachen Modifikationen der bestehenden Ernährungsumwelt durch sog. “Stupser” gesundheitsförderliche Auswahlroutinen zu etablieren. Für eine Evidenzbegründung von “Nudging”-Maßnahmen fehlen derzeit noch randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien.
Werte schöpfen mit Lean Healthcare – Ein erfolgsträchtiger Ansatz in
Reha-Kliniken
Authors: Beyer Stefan 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungTrotz der gesellschaftlichen Bedeutung und der positiven Effekte der Rehabilitation stehen die
Rehabilitations-Kliniken vor verschiedenen – zum Teil existenziellen – Herausforderungen, auf die die
Klinikbetreiber zur Erhaltung ihrer Wettbewerbsfähigkeit reagieren müssen.Der Artikel verfolgt die Fragestellung, ob die in der Industrie und im Dienstleistungsgewerbe etablierten
Ansätze des Lean Managements geeignet sind, um die Prozesse der Reha-Kliniken unter den wettbewerbsrelevanten
Kriterien Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit zu verbessern. Der Beitrag stellt die fünf wesentlichen Schritte des
Lean Managements dar und entwickelt auf dieser Grundlage ein strukturiertes Vorgehenskonzept für die
Reha-Branche. Dabei werden auch zentrale Werkzeuge wie die Modellierung von Behandlungspfaden, die Einführung
einer wertschöpfungsorientierten Prozesskostenrechnung und die Entwicklung eines am Kundenwert und der
Wirtschaftlichkeit ausgerichteten Prozesscontrollings erörtert. Der entwickelte methodische Ansatz
verdeutlicht, dass es sich beim Lean Management um ein geeignetes Werkzeug handelt, mit dem der
Leistungserbringungsprozess in Reha-Kliniken im Rahmen eines langfristigen Entwicklungsprozesses produktiv und
rentabel gestaltet werden kann. Dies setzt aber unabdingbar ein positives Zusammenwirken von
Prozessveränderung, Führung und Unternehmenskultur voraus.
Combination of Metformin and Lifestyle Intervention for Antipsychotic-Related Weight Gain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zheng Wei , Zhang Qing-E , Cai Dong-Bin , Yang Xin-Hu , Ungvari Gabor , Ng Chee , Wu Ren-Rong , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Introduction Weight gain is a common antipsychotic (AP)-related adverse drug reaction (ADR) that can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. This meta-analysis examined the efficacy and tolerability of combining metformin and lifestyle intervention for AP-related weight gain in schizophrenia.
Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with meta-analyzable data were searched and retrieved by 2 independent investigators. RevMan software (version 5.3) was used to synthesize data, and to calculate the standardized or weighted mean differences and risk ratio with their 95% confidence intervals.
Results Six RCTs (n=732) were included and meta-analyzed. The metformin and lifestyle combination (MLC) group had significant reduction in weight and body mass index compared with the metformin group, lifestyle group, and placebo group. There was less frequent weight gain of≥7% in the MLC group over placebo. No other group differences in ADRs, total psychopathology, and all-cause discontinuation were found. In terms of study quality, 5 RCTs were open-labelled, 1 RCT had low risk allocation concealment, and 3 RCTs specifically described randomization methods.
Conclusion Combining metformin and lifestyle intervention shows significant effect in reducing AP-related weight gain. Higher quality and larger RCTs are needed to confirm these findings.Review registration: CRD42017059198
DNA Methylation Profiling in a Neuroblastoma Cell Line Exposed to the Antipsychotic Perospirone
Authors: Murata Yui , Bundo Miki , Sunaga Fumiko , Kasai Kiyoto , Iwamoto Kazuya 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence suggests the importance of epigenetic changes in the brain induced by antipsychotic drugs. However, due to the lack of systematic investigation, their effects on epigenetic status remain largely unclear. During the course of examining the epigenetic effects of antipsychotics, we here focused on perospirone, an atypical antipsychotic drug mainly used in Japan.
Methods Genomic DNA was obtained from human neuroblastoma cells exposed to 2 different doses of perospirone. Comprehensive DNA methylation analysis was performed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip.
Results Of about 470,000 probes, perospirone exposure changed DNA methylation at 4098 probes. These probes were enriched to genes for neural development. Probes showing hypermethylation were mainly found at gene body and intergenic regions, whereas those that showed hypomethylation were located near promoter regions. Additionally, DNA methylation changes were found in the probes for dopamine receptor 2 and serotonin receptor (HTR) 2A and HTR1A, which are the pharmacological targets of atypical antipsychotics.
Discussion Our comprehensive DNA methylation analyses will contribute to a better understanding of detailed pharmacological actions of perospirone.
Sleep and stress hormone responses to training and competition in elite female athletes
Authors: O'Donnell Shannon , Bird Steve , Jacobson Gregory , Driller Matthew 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTStress hormone and sleep differences in a competition versus training setting are yet to be evaluated in elite female team‐sport athletes. The aim of the current study was to evaluate salivary cortisol and perceptual stress markers during competition and training and to determine the subsequent effects on sleep indices in elite female athletes. Ten elite female netball athletes (mean ± SD; age: 23 ± 6 years) had their sleep monitored on three occasions; following one netball competition match (MATCH), one netball match simulation session (TRAIN), and one rest day (CONTROL). Perceived stress values and salivary cortisol were collected immediately pre‐ (17:15 pm) and post‐session (19:30 pm), and at 22:00 pm. Sleep monitoring was performed using wrist actigraphy assessing total time in bed, total sleep time (TST), efficiency (SE%), latency, sleep onset time and wake time. Cortisol levels were significantly higher (p < .01) immediately post MATCH compared with TRAIN and CONTROL (mean ± SD; 0.700 ± 0.165, 0.178 ± 0.127 and 0.157 ± 0.178 μg/dL, respectively) and at 22:00 pm (0.155 ± 0.062, 0.077 ± 0.063, and 0.089 ± 0.083 μg/dL, respectively). There was a significant reduction in TST (−118 ± 112 min, p < .01) and SE (−7.7 ± 8.5%, p < .05) following MATCH vs. TRAIN. Salivary cortisol levels were significantly higher, and sleep quantity and quality were significantly reduced, following competition when compared to training and rest days.
Similar star formation rate and metallicity variability time-scales drive the fundamental metallicity relation
Authors: Torrey Paul , Vogelsberger Mark , Hernquist Lars , McKinnon Ryan , Marinacci Federico , Simcoe Robert A , Springel Volker , Pillepich Annalisa , Naiman Jill , Pakmor Rüdiger , Weinberger Rainer , Nelson Dylan , Genel Shy 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The fundamental metallicity relation (FMR) is a postulated correlation between galaxy stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and gas-phase metallicity. At its core, this relation posits that offsets from the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) at a fixed stellar mass are correlated with galactic SFR. In this Letter, we use hydrodynamical simulations to quantify the time-scales over which populations of galaxies oscillate about the average SFR and metallicity values at fixed stellar mass. We find that Illustris and IllustrisTNG predict that galaxy offsets from the star formation main sequence and MZR oscillate over similar time-scales, are often anticorrelated in their evolution, evolve with the halo dynamical time, and produce a pronounced FMR. Our models indicate that galaxies oscillate about equilibrium SFR and metallicity values – set by the galaxy’s stellar mass – and that SFR and metallicity offsets evolve in an anticorrelated fashion. This anticorrelated variability of the metallicity and SFR offsets drives the existence of the FMR in our models. In contrast to Illustris and IllustrisTNG, we speculate that the SFR and metallicity evolution tracks may become decoupled in galaxy formation models dominated by feedback-driven globally bursty SFR histories, which could weaken the FMR residual correlation strength. This opens the possibility of discriminating between bursty and non-bursty feedback models based on the strength and persistence of the FMR – especially at high redshift.
Contralateral Supracerebellar-Infratentorial Approach for Resection of Thalamic Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Mascitelli Justin , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Gandhi Sirin , Lawton Michael T 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Surgical resection of cavernous malformations (CM) in the posterior thalamus, pineal region, and midbrain tectum is technically challenging owing to the presence of adjacent eloquent cortex and critical neurovascular structures. Various supracerebellar infratentorial (SCIT) approaches have been used in the surgical armamentarium targeting lesions in this region, including the median, paramedian, and extreme lateral variants. Surgical view of a posterior thalamic CM from the traditional ipsilateral vantage point may be obscured by occipital lobe and tentorium.

OBJECTIVE
To describe a novel surgical approach via a contralateral SCIT (cSCIT) trajectory for resecting posterior thalamic CMs.

METHODS
From 1997 to 2017, 75 patients underwent the SCIT approach for cerebrovascular/oncologic pathology by the senior author. Of these, 30 patients underwent the SCIT approach for CM resection, and 3 patients underwent the cSCIT approach. Historical patient data, radiographic features, surgical technique, and postoperative neurological outcomes were evaluated in each patient.

RESULTS
All 3 patients presented with symptomatic CMs within the right posterior thalamus with radiographic evidence of hemorrhage. All surgeries were performed in the sitting position. There were no intraoperative complications. Neuroimaging demonstrated complete CM resection in all cases. There were no new or worsening neurological deficits or evidence of rebleeding/recurrence noted postoperatively.

CONCLUSION
This study establishes the surgical feasibility of a contralateral SCIT approach in resection of symptomatic thalamic CMs It demonstrates the application for this procedure in extending the surgical trajectory superiorly and laterally and maximizing safe resectability of these deep CMs with gravity-assisted brain retraction.
How Do Physical Therapists in the United Kingdom Manage Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis? Results of a Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Holden Melanie A , Bennell Kim L , Whittle Rebecca , Chesterton Linda , Foster Nadine E , Halliday Nicola A , Spiers Libby N , Mason Elizabeth M , Quicke Jonathan G , Mallen Christian D 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundHip osteoarthritis (OA) is common, painful, and disabling. Physical therapists have an important role in managing patients with hip OA; however, little is known about their current management approach and whether it aligns with clinical guideline recommendations.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to describe United Kingdom (UK) physical therapists’ current management of patients with hip OA and to determine whether it aligns with clinical guidelines.DesignThe design is a cross-section questionnaire.MethodsA questionnaire was mailed to 3126 physical therapists in the UK that explored physical therapists’ self-reported management of a patient with hip OA using a case vignette and clinical management questions.ResultsThe response rate was 52.7% (n = 1646). In total, 1148 (69.7%) physical therapists had treated a patient with hip OA in the last 6 months and were included in the analyses. A treatment package was commonly provided incorporating advice, exercise (strength training 95.9%; general physical activity 85.4%), and other nonpharmacological modalities, predominantly manual therapy (69.6%), and gait retraining (66.4%). There were some differences in reported management between physical therapists based in the National Health Service (NHS) and non–NHS-based physical therapists, including fewer treatment sessions being provided by NHS-based therapists.LimitationsLimitations include the potential for nonresponder bias and, in clinical practice, physical therapists may manage patients with hip OA differently.ConclusionUK-based physical therapists commonly provide a package of care for patients with hip OA that is broadly in line with current clinical guidelines, including advice, exercise, and other nonpharmacological treatments. There were some differences in clinical practice between NHS and non–NHS-based physical therapists, but whether these differences impact on clinical outcomes remains unknown.
Virtual Reality as a Distraction Intervention to Relieve Pain and Distress During Medical Procedures
Authors: Indovina Paola , Barone Daniela , Gallo Luigi , Chirico Andrea , De Pietro Giuseppe , Giordano Antonio 
Published: February 2018

Objectives:
This review aims to provide a framework for evaluating the utility of virtual reality (VR) as a distraction intervention to alleviate pain and distress during medical procedures. We first describe the theoretical bases underlying the VR analgesic and anxiolytic effects and define the main factors contributing to its efficacy, which largely emerged from studies on healthy volunteers. Then, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical trials using VR distraction during different medical procedures, such as burn injury treatments, chemotherapy, surgery, dental treatment, and other diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

Methods:
A broad literature search was performed using as main terms “virtual reality,” “distraction,” and “pain.” No date limit was applied and all the retrieved studies on immersive VR distraction during medical procedures were selected.

Results:
VR has proven to be effective in reducing procedural pain, as almost invariably observed even in patients subjected to extremely painful procedures, such as patients with burn injuries undergoing wound care, and physical therapy. Moreover, VR seemed to decrease cancer-related symptoms in different settings, including during chemotherapy. Only mild and infrequent side effects were observed.

Discussion:
Despite these promising results, future long-term randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes and evaluating not only self-report measures but also physiological variables are needed. Further studies are also required both to establish predictive factors to select patients who can benefit from VR distraction and to design hardware/software systems tailored to the specific needs of different patients and able to provide the greatest distraction at the lowest cost.