bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health-related quality of life in Chinese inpatients with lung cancer treated in large general hospitals: across-sectional study
Authors: Gu Wen , Xu Yan-Min , Zhong Bao-Liang 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveIn China, psychosocial problems of patients with cancer are under-recognised and undertreated in medical oncology practice. This study examined the health-related quality of life (QOL) in inpatients with lung cancer treated in large general hospitals and explored the demographic, clinical and psychosocial factors associated with QOL.DesignCross-sectional study.Participants and settingAltogether, 148 inpatients with lung cancer were consecutively recruited from two large general hospitals in Tianjin, China.Main outcome measuredQOL, pain intensity, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and social support were assessed with WHO QOL Scale Brief Version, four-point Verbal Rating Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Social Support Rating Scale, respectively.ResultsCompared with the normative data for the Chinese general population, patients had significantly lower scores in physical (t=−25.860, p<0.001) and psychological (t=−18.225, p<0.001) QOL. Being unmarried (β=−2.471, 95% CI −4.908 to –0.034), poor economic status (β=−1.764, 95% CI −2.964 to –0.564), cancer metastasis (β=−1.328, 95% CI −2.632 to –0.024), poor performance status (β=−0.959, 95% CI −1.542 to –0.376), depression (β=−0.465, 95% CI −0.631 to –0.299), anxiety (β=−0.208, 95% CI −0.354 to –0.062) and low utilisation of social support (β=−0.344, 95% CI −0.577 to –0.111) were independently associated with poor physical QOL, while female gender (β=−1.494, 95% CI −0.649 to –2.339), less education years (β=−0.209, 95% CI −0.294 to –0.123), currently receiving chemotherapy (β=−1.536, 95% CI −3.051 to –0.021), small-cell cancer (β=−1.157, 95% CI −2.223 to –0.091), more intense pain (β=−0.535, 95% CI −0.919 to –0.151), poor performance status (β=−0.930, 95% CI −1.383 to –0.477), anxiety (β=−0.178, 95% CI −0.248 to –0.108) and inadequate subjective social support (β=−0.137, 95% CI −0.153 to –0.121) were independently associated with poor psychological QOL.ConclusionsInpatients with lung cancer treated in Chinese large general hospitals have poorer QOL than the general population. Effective prevention and management of psychosocial problems are potentially effective to improve their QOL.
Hypertensive pregnancy complications in women with epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs: a population-based cohort study of first pregnancies in Norway
Authors: Danielsson Kim Christian , Borthen Ingrid , Morken Nils-Halvdan , Gilhus Nils Erik 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo estimate the risk of hypertensive pregnancy complications in women with epilepsy, with and without antiepileptic drugs, and assess the risk associated with the four most common antiepileptic drugs.DesignA population-based cohort study using linked data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database. Women with epilepsy with and without antiepileptic drugs were compared with women without epilepsy.SettingNorway, 2004–2012.ParticipantsAll first pregnancies of women with epilepsy and women without epilepsy were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresMain outcome measures were hypertensive pregnancy complications: a compound variable of any hypertensive disorder, gestational hypertension, mild pre-eclampsia, severe pre-eclampsia, early onset pre-eclampsia, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome (haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets).ResultsIn total, 1778 pregnancies in women with epilepsy and 221 662 in women without epilepsy were analysed. 682 of the women with epilepsy used antiepileptic drugs, the most common in monotherapy being: lamotrigine (n=280), carbamazepine (n=94), levetiracetam (n=71) and valproate (n=51). There was an increased risk of any hypertensive disorder in women with epilepsy (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.5) and in the subcategory using valproat (aOR 2.9, 95% CI 1.3 to 6.4). The most frequent hypertensive complication was mild pre-eclampsia and the risk was increased in women with epilepsy (aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) and women with epilepsy with valproat (aOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2 to 9.4).ConclusionsWomen with epilepsy have an increased risk of mild pre-eclampsia, but not for the severe types of hypertensive pregnancy complications. Lamotrigine and levetiracetam do not predispose for mild pre-eclampsia, whereas valproate was associated with an increased risk of mild pre-eclampsia.
Endoscopy in 2017: a national survey of practice in the UK
Authors: Shenbagaraj Lavanya , Thomas-Gibson Siwan , Stebbing John , Broughton Raphael , Dron Michael , Johnston Debbie , Shaw Tim , Haboubi Hasan Nadim , Green John T 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionThe Joint Advisory Group on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (JAG), hosted by the Royal College of Physicians, London, oversees the quality assurance of endoscopy services across the UK. Additional questions focusing on the pressures faced by endoscopy units to meet targets were added to the 2017 annual Global Rating Scale (GRS) return. This provides a unique insight into endoscopy services across all nations of the UK involving the acute and non-acute Nation Health Service sector as well as the independent sector.MethodsAll 508 services who are registered with JAG were asked to complete every field of the survey online in order to submit their completed April 2017 GRS return.ResultsA number of services reported difficulty in meeting national waiting time targets with a national average of only 55% of units meeting urgent cancer wait targets. Many services were insourcing or outsourcing patients to external providers to improve waiting times. Services are striving hard to increase capacity by backfilling lists and working weekends. Data collection was done in most units to reflect productivity but not to look at demand and capacity. Some of the units did not have an agreed capacity plan. The Did Not Attend rates for patients in the bowel cancer screening programme were much lower compared with standard lists.ConclusionThis review highlights the increased pressure endoscopy services are under and the ‘just about coping’ situation. This is the first published overview of different aspects of UK-wide endoscopy services and the future challenges.
Controlled ecological evaluation of an implemented exercise training programme to prevent lower limb injuries in sport: differences in implementation activity
Authors: Donaldson Alex , Gabbe Belinda J , Lloyd David G , Cook Jill , Finch Caroline F 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveThe public health benefits of injury prevention programmes are maximised when programmes are widely adopted and adhered to. Therefore, these programmes require appropriate implementation support. This study evaluated implementation activity outcomes associated with the implementation of FootyFirst, an exercise training injury prevention programme for community Australian football, both with (FootyFirst+S) and without (FootyFirst+NS) implementation support.MethodAn evaluation plan based on the Reach Effectiveness Adoption Implementation Maintenance (RE-AIM) Sports Setting Matrix was applied in a controlled ecological evaluation of the implementation of FootyFirst. RE-AIM dimension-specific (range: 0–2) and total RE-AIM scores (range: 0–10) were derived by triangulating data from a number of sources (including surveys, interviews, direct observations and notes) describing FootyFirst implementation activities. The mean dimension-specific and total scores were compared for clubs in regions receiving FootyFirst+S and FootyFirst+NS, through analysis of variance.ResultsThe mean total RE-AIM score forclubs in the FootyFirst+S regions was 2.4 times higher than for clubs in the FootyFirst+NS region (4.73 vs 1.94; 95% CI for the difference: 1.64 to 3.74). Similarly, all dimension-specific scores were significantly higher for clubs in the FootyFirst+S regions compared with clubs in the FootyFirst+NS region. In all regions, the dimension-specific scores were highest for reach and adoption, and lowest for implementation.ConclusionImplementing exercise training injury prevention programmes in community sport is challenging. Delivering programme content supported by a context-specific and evidence-informed implementation plan leads to greater implementation activity, which is an important precursor to injury reductions.
Unintentional drowning mortality in China, 2006–2013
Authors: Wang Lijun , Cheng Xunjie , Yin Peng , Cheng Peixia , Liu Yunning , Schwebel David C , Liu Jiangmei , Qi Jinlei , Zhou Maigeng , Hu Guoqing 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundEpidemiological characteristics and recent trends in unintentional drowning at the national level in China are unreported.MethodsUsing data from the Disease Surveillance Points system, the overall, sex-, location-, age- and cause-specific age-standardised mortality from unintentional drowning in China were calculated and compared. Linear regression was used to examine the significance of mortality trend changes over time.ResultsThe average mortality was 4.05 per 100 000 persons between 2006 and 2013. Men and rural residents had much higher drowning mortality rates than women and urban residents at all time points. Drowning following a fall into natural water was the most common mechanism (46% of all drowning deaths). The overall drowning mortality rate remained stable for all subgroups except for distinct decreases in urban residents, children aged 5–9 years, and other specified and unspecified drowning (−10%, −36% and −25%, respectively).ConclusionsThe overall drowning mortality rate remained high and stable in China between 2006 and 2013. Effective prevention measures like removing or covering water hazards, wearing personal floatation devices, supervision of children, and teaching survival swimming and resuscitation skills should be implemented nationwide.
On braneworld inverse power-law inflation
Authors: Es-sobbahi H. , Nach M. 
Published: April 2018

In the framework of the braneworld Randall–Sundrum type II model, we investigate an inflationary scalar model in the high-energy regime. In this regime, the slow-roll parameters and the perturbation spectrum of the model are derived. The corresponding results are dealt with according to the known observational data. Then the solutions to the equations of motion on the brane are given.
Bandgap control and optical properties of β-Si3N4by single- and co-doping from a first-principles simulation
Authors: Lu Xuefeng , Gao Xu , Ren Junqiang , Li Cuixia , Guo Xin , Wei Yupeng , La Peiqing 
Published: April 2018

Bandgap tailoring of [Formula: see text]-Si3N4is performed by single and co-doping by using density functional theory (DFT) of PBE functional and plane-wave pseudopotential method. The results reveal that a direct bandgap transfers into an indirect one when single-doped with As element. Also, a considerate decrease of bandgap to 0.221 eV and 0.315 eV is present for Al–P and As–P co-doped systems, respectively, exhibiting a representative semiconductor property that is characteristic for a narrower bandgap. Compared with other doped systems, Al-doped system with formation energy of 2.67 eV is present for a more stable structure. From charge density difference (CDD) maps, it is found that the blue area between co-doped atoms increases, illustrating an enhancement of covalent property for Al–P and Al–As bonds. Moreover, a slightly obvious “Blue shift” phenomenon can be obtained in Al, Al–P and Al–As doped systems, indicating an enhanced capacity of responses to light, which contributes to the insight for broader applications with regard to photoelectric devices.
Socially significant music events
Authors: Yadati Karthik 
Published: April 2018

http://osf.io/eydxk
Social media sharing platforms (e.g., YouTube, Flickr, Instagram, and SoundCloud) have revolutionized how users access multimedia content online. Most of these platforms provide a variety of ways for the user to interact with the different types of media: images, video, music. In addition to watching or listening to the media content, users can also engage with content in different ways, e.g., like, share, tag, or comment. Social media sharing platforms have become an important resource for scientific researchers, who aim to develop new indexing and retrieval algorithms that can improve users' access to multimedia content. As a result, enhancing the experience provided by social media sharing platforms.
The Inhibitory NKR-P1B:Clr-b Recognition Axis Facilitates Detection of Oncogenic Transformation and Cancer Immunosurveillance
Authors: Tanaka Miho , Fine Jason H. , Kirkham Christina L. , Aguilar Oscar A. , Belcheva Antoaneta , Martin Alberto , Ketela Troy , Moffat Jason , Allan David S.J. , Carlyle James R. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells express receptors specific for MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules involved in “missing-self” recognition of cancer and virus-infected cells. Here we elucidate the role of MHC-I-independent NKR-P1B:Clr-b interactions in the detection of oncogenic transformation by NK cells. Ras oncogene overexpression was found to promote a real-time loss of Clr-b on mouse fibroblasts and leukemia cells, mediated in part via the Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K pathways. Ras-driven Clr-b downregulation occurred at the level of the Clrb (Clec2d) promoter, nascent Clr-b transcripts, and cell surface Clr-b protein, in turn promoting missing-self recognition via the NKR-P1B inhibitory receptor. Both Ras- and c-Myc–mediated Clr-b loss selectively augmented cytotoxicity of oncogene-transformed leukemia cells by NKR-P1B+ NK cells in vitro and enhanced rejection by WT mice in vivo. Interestingly, genetic ablation of either one (Clr-b+/−) or two Clr-b alleles (Clr-b−/−) enhanced survival of Eμ-cMyc transgenic mice in a primary lymphoma model despite preferential rejection of Clr-b−/− hematopoietic cells previously observed following adoptive transfer into naïve wild-type mice in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that the inhibitory NKR-P1B:Clr-b axis plays a beneficial role in innate detection of oncogenic transformation via NK-cell–mediated cancer immune surveillance, in addition to a pathologic role in the immune escape of primary lymphoma cells in Eμ-cMyc mice in vivo. These results provide a model for the human NKR-P1A:LLT1 system in cancer immunosurveillance in patients with lymphoma and suggest it may represent a target for immune checkpoint therapy.
Significance: A mouse model shows that an MHC-independent NK-cell recognition axis enables the detection of leukemia cells, with implications for a novel immune checkpoint therapy target in human lymphoma. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3589–603. ©2018 AACR.
Metformin Targets Mitochondrial Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase to Control Rate of Oxidative Phosphorylation and Growth of Thyroid Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Thakur Shilpa , Daley Brianna , Gaskins Kelli , Vasko Vasyl V. , Boufraqech Myriem , Patel Dhaval , Sourbier Carole , Reece Jeff , Cheng Sheue-Yann , Kebebew Electron , Agarwal Sunita , Klubo-Gwiezdzinska Joanna 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (MGPDH) is the key enzyme connecting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis as well as a target of the antidiabetic drug metformin in the liver. There are no data on the expression and role of MGPDH as a metformin target in cancer. In this study, we evaluated MGPDH as a potential target of metformin in thyroid cancer and investigated its contribution in thyroid cancer metabolism.
Experimental Design: We analyzed MGPDH expression in 253 thyroid cancer and normal tissues by immunostaining and examined its expression and localization in thyroid cancer–derived cell lines (FTC133, BCPAP) by confocal microscopy. The effects of metformin on MGPDH expression were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Seahorse analyzer was utilized to assess the effects of metformin on OXPHOS and glycolysis in thyroid cancer cells. We analyzed the effects of metformin on tumor growth and MGPDH expression in metastatic thyroid cancer mouse models.
Results: We show for the first time that MGPDH is overexpressed in thyroid cancer compared with normal thyroid. We demonstrate that MGPDH regulates human thyroid cancer cell growth and OXPHOS rate in vitro. Metformin treatment is associated with downregulation of MGPDH expression and inhibition of OXPHOS in thyroid cancer in vitro. Cells characterized by high MGPDH expression are more sensitive to OXPHOS-inhibitory effects of metformin in vitro and growth-inhibitory effects of metformin in vitro and in vivo.
Conclusions: Our study established MGPDH as a novel regulator of thyroid cancer growth and metabolism that can be effectively targeted by metformin. Clin Cancer Res; 24(16); 4030–43. ©2018 AACR.
Validation of a Plasma-Based Comprehensive Cancer Genotyping Assay Utilizing Orthogonal Tissue- and Plasma-Based Methodologies
Authors: Odegaard Justin I. , Vincent John J. , Mortimer Stefanie , Vowles James V. , Ulrich Bryan C. , Banks Kimberly C. , Fairclough Stephen R. , Zill Oliver A. , Sikora Marcin , Mokhtari Reza , Abdueva Diana , Nagy Rebecca J. , Lee Christine E. , Kiedrowski Lesli A. , Paweletz Cloud P. , Eltoukhy Helmy , Lanman Richard B. , Chudova Darya I. , Talasaz AmirAli 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurpose: To analytically and clinically validate a circulating cell-free tumor DNA sequencing test for comprehensive tumor genotyping and demonstrate its clinical feasibility.Experimental Design: Analytic validation was conducted according to established principles and guidelines. Blood-to-blood clinical validation comprised blinded external comparison with clinical droplet digital PCR across 222 consecutive biomarker-positive clinical samples. Blood-to-tissue clinical validation comprised comparison of digital sequencing calls to those documented in the medical record of 543 consecutive lung cancer patients. Clinical experience was reported from 10,593 consecutive clinical samples.Results: Digital sequencing technology enabled variant detection down to 0.02% to 0.04% allelic fraction/2.12 copies with ≤0.3%/2.24–2.76 copies 95% limits of detection while maintaining high specificity [prevalence-adjusted positive predictive values (PPV) &gt;98%]. Clinical validation using orthogonal plasma- and tissue-based clinical genotyping across &gt;750 patients demonstrated high accuracy and specificity [positive percent agreement (PPAs) and negative percent agreement (NPAs) &gt;99% and PPVs 92%–100%]. Clinical use in 10,593 advanced adult solid tumor patients demonstrated high feasibility (&gt;99.6% technical success rate) and clinical sensitivity (85.9%), with high potential actionability (16.7% with FDA-approved on-label treatment options; 72.0% with treatment or trial recommendations), particularly in non–small cell lung cancer, where 34.5% of patient samples comprised a directly targetable standard-of-care biomarker.Conclusions: High concordance with orthogonal clinical plasma- and tissue-based genotyping methods supports the clinical accuracy of digital sequencing across all four types of targetable genomic alterations. Digital sequencing's clinical applicability is further supported by high rates of technical success and biomarker target discovery. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3539–49. ©2018 AACR.
Tryptophan Metabolism Contributes to Radiation-Induced Immune Checkpoint Reactivation in Glioblastoma
Authors: Kesarwani Pravin , Prabhu Antony , Kant Shiva , Kumar Praveen , Graham Stewart F. , Buelow Katie L. , Wilson George D. , Miller C. Ryan , Chinnaiyan Prakash 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors designed to revert tumor-induced immunosuppression have emerged as potent anticancer therapies. Tryptophan metabolism represents an immune checkpoint, and targeting this pathway's rate-limiting enzyme IDO1 is actively being investigated clinically. Here, we studied the intermediary metabolism of tryptophan metabolism in glioblastoma and evaluated the activity of the IDO1 inhibitor GDC-0919, both alone and in combination with radiation (RT).Experimental Design: LC/GC-MS and expression profiling was performed for metabolomic and genomic analyses of patient-derived glioma. Immunocompetent mice were injected orthotopically with genetically engineered murine glioma cells and treated with GDC-0919 alone or combined with RT. Flow cytometry was performed on isolated tumors to determine immune consequences of individual treatments.Results: Integrated cross-platform analyses coupling global metabolomic and gene expression profiling identified aberrant tryptophan metabolism as a metabolic node specific to the mesenchymal and classical subtypes of glioblastoma. GDC-0919 demonstrated potent inhibition of this node and effectively crossed the blood–brain barrier. Although GDC-0919 as a single agent did not demonstrate antitumor activity, it had a strong potential for enhancing RT response in glioblastoma, which was further augmented with a hypofractionated regimen. RT response in glioblastoma involves immune stimulation, reflected by increases in activated and cytotoxic T cells, which was balanced by immune checkpoint reactivation, reflected by an increase in IDO1 expression and regulatory T cells (Treg). GDC-0919 mitigated RT-induced Tregs and enhanced T-cell activation.Conclusions: Tryptophan metabolism represents a metabolic node in glioblastoma, and combining RT with IDO1 inhibition enhances therapeutic response by mitigating RT-induced immunosuppression. Clin Cancer Res; 24(15); 3632–43. ©2018 AACR.