bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of self-efficacy and health literacy on outcome after bariatric surgery in Sweden: a protocol for a prospective, longitudinal mixed-methods study
Authors: Jaensson Maria , Dahlberg Karuna , Nilsson Ulrica , Stenberg Erik 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionA person-centred approach, to know about a person’s individual weaknesses and strengths, is warranted in today’s healthcare in Sweden. When a person suffers from obesity, there are not only risks for comorbidities but also increased risk for decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL). After bariatric surgery, there are also risks for complications; however, healthcare service expects the person to have sufficient ability to handle recovery after surgery. The need is to investigate how a person’s self-efficacy and health literacy(HL) skills are important to determine their effect on recovery as well as HRQoL after bariatric surgery. It can, involve the person in the care, improve shared decision-making, and perhaps decrease complications and readmissions.Method and analysisThis is a prospective, longitudinal mixed-methods study with the intent of including 700 patients from three bariatric centres in Sweden (phase 1); 20 patients will be included in a qualitative study (phase 2). Inclusion criteria will be age >17 years, scheduled primary bariatric surgery and ability to read and understand the Swedish language in speech and in writing. Inclusion criteria for the qualitative study will be patients who reported a low self-efficacy, with a selection to ensure maximum variation regarding age and gender. Before bariatric surgery patients will answer a questionnaire including 20 items. Valid and reliable instruments will be used to investigate general self-efficacy (10 items) and functional and communicative and critical HL (10 items). This data collection will then be merged with data from the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry. Analysis will be performed 30 days, 1 year and 2 years after bariatric surgery. One year after bariatric surgery the qualitative study will be performed. The main outcomes are the impact of a person’s self-efficacy and HL on recovery after bariatric surgery.Ethics and disseminationThe study has received approval from the ethical review board in Uppsala, Sweden (number 2018/256). The study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations to the scientific community and social media.
Development of resistance to FAK inhibition in pancreatic cancer is linked to stromal depletion
Authors: Jiang Hong , Liu Xiuting , Knolhoff Brett L , Hegde Samarth , Lee Kyung Bae , Jiang Hongmei , Fields Ryan C , Pachter Jonathan A , Lim Kian-Huat , DeNardo David G 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveWe investigated how pancreatic cancer developed resistance to focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibition over time.DesignPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumours from KPC mice (p48-CRE; LSL-KRasG12D/wt; p53flox/wt) treated with FAK inhibitor were analysed for the activation of a compensatory survival pathway in resistant tumours. We identified pathways involved in the regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling on FAK inhibition by gene set enrichment analysis and verified these outcomes by RNA interference studies. We also tested combinatorial approaches targeting FAK and STAT3 in syngeneic transplantable mouse models of PDAC and KPC mice.ResultsIn KPC mice, the expression levels of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3) were increased in PDAC cells as they progressed on FAK inhibitor therapy. This progression corresponded to decreased collagen density, lowered numbers of SMA+ fibroblasts and downregulation of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/SMAD signalling pathway in FAK inhibitor-treated PDAC tumours. Furthermore, TGF-β production by fibroblasts in vitro drives repression of STAT3 signalling and enhanced responsiveness to FAK inhibitor therapy. Knockdown of SMAD3 in pancreatic cancer cells abolished the inhibitory effects of TGF-β on pSTAT3. We further found that tumour-intrinsic STAT3 regulates the durability of the antiproliferative activity of FAK inhibitor, and combinatorial targeting of FAK and Janus kinase/STAT3 act synergistically to suppress pancreatic cancer progression in mouse models.ConclusionStromal depletion by FAK inhibitor therapy leads to eventual treatment resistance through the activation of STAT3 signalling. These data suggest that, similar to tumour-targeted therapies, resistance mechanisms to therapies targeting stromal desmoplasia may be critical to treatment durability.
Yield of diagnostic imaging in atraumatic convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Dakay Katarina , Mahta Ali , Rao Shyam , Reznik Michael E , Wendell Linda C , Thompson Bradford B , Potter N Stevenson , Saad Ali , Gandhi Chirag D , Santarelli Justin , Al-Mufti Fawaz , MacGrory Brian , Burton Tina , Jayaraman Mahesh V , McTaggart Ryan A , Furie Karen , Yaghi Shadi , Cutting Shawna 
Published: May 2019

IntroductionAtraumatic convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage is a subtype of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage that often presents a diagnostic challenge. Common etiologies include cerebral amyloid angiopathy, vasculopathies, and coagulopathy; however, aneurysm is rare. Given the broad differential of causes of convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage, we assessed the diagnostic yield of common tests and propose a testing strategy.MethodsWe performed a single-center retrospective study on consecutive patients with atraumatic convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage over a 2-year period. We obtained and reviewed each patient’s imaging and characterized the frequency with which each test ultimately diagnosed the cause. Additionally, we discuss clinical features of patients with convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage with respect to the mechanism of hemorrhage.ResultsWe identified 70 patients over the study period (mean (SD) age 64.70 (16.9) years, 35.7% men), of whom 58 patients (82%) had a brain MRI, 57 (81%) had non-invasive vessel imaging, and 27 (38.5%) underwent catheter-based angiography. Diagnoses were made using only non-invasive imaging modalities in 40 patients (57%), while catheter-based angiography confirmed the diagnosis in nine patients (13%). Further clinical history and laboratory testing yielded a diagnosis in an additional 17 patients (24%), while the cause remained unknown in four patients (6%).ConclusionThe etiology of convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage may be diagnosed in most cases via non-invasive imaging and a thorough clinical history. However, catheter angiography should be strongly considered when non-invasive imaging fails to reveal the diagnosis or to better characterize a vascular malformation. Larger prospective studies are needed to validate this algorithm.
Kissing may be an important and neglected risk factor for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea: a cross-sectional study in men who have sex with men
Authors: Chow Eric P F , Cornelisse Vincent J , Williamson Deborah A , Priest David , Hocking Jane S , Bradshaw Catriona S , Read Tim R H , Chen Marcus Y , Howden Benjamin P , Fairley Christopher K 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivesA mathematical model suggested that a significant proportion of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea cases are acquired via oropharynx-to-oropharynx transmission (ie, tongue-kissing), but to date, no empirical study has investigated this. This study aimed to examine the association between kissing and oropharyngeal gonorrhoea among gay and bisexual men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsMSM attending a public sexual health centre in Melbourne, Australia, between March 2016 and February 2017 were invited to participate in a brief survey that collected data on their number of male partners in the last 3 months, in three distinct categories: kissing-only (ie, no sex including no oral and/or anal sex), sex-only (ie, any sex without kissing), and kissing-with-sex (ie, kissing with any sex). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations between oropharyngeal gonorrhoea positivity by nucleic acid amplification tests and the three distinct partner categories.ResultsA total of 3677 men completed the survey and were tested for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. Their median age was 30 (IQR 25–37) and 6.2% (n=229) had oropharyngeal gonorrhoea. Men had a mean number of 4.3 kissing-only, 1.4 sex-only, and 5.0 kissing-with-sex partners in the last 3 months. Kissing-only and kissing-with-sex were associated with oropharyngeal gonorrhoea, but sex-only was not. The adjusted odds for having oropharyngeal gonorrhoea were 1.46-fold (95% CI 1.04 to 2.06) for men with ≥4 kissing-only partners and 1.81-fold (95% CI 1.17 to 2.79) for men with ≥4 kissing-with-sex partners.ConclusionsThese data suggest that kissing may be associated with transmission of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea in MSM, irrespective of whether sex also occurs.
Early nasal microbiota and acute respiratory infections during the first years of life
Authors: Toivonen Laura , Hasegawa Kohei , Waris Matti , Ajami Nadim J , Petrosino Joseph F , Camargo Jr Carlos A , Peltola Ville 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundEmerging evidence shows that airway microbiota may modulate local immune responses, thereby contributing to the susceptibility and severity of acute respiratory infections (ARIs). However, there are little data on the longitudinal relationships between airway microbiota and susceptibility to ARIs in children.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the association of early nasal microbiota and the subsequent risk of ARIs during the first years of life.MethodsIn this prospective population-based birth-cohort study in Finland, we followed 839 healthy infants for ARIs from birth to age 24 months. Nasal microbiota was tested using 16S rRNA gene sequencing at age 2 months. We applied an unsupervised clustering approach to identify early nasal microbiota profiles, and examined the association of profiles with the rate of ARIs during age 2–24 months.ResultsWe identified five nasal microbiota profiles dominated byMoraxella,Streptococcus,Dolosigranulum,StaphylococcusandCorynebacteriaceae, respectively. Incidence rate of ARIs was highest in children with an earlyMoraxella-dominant profile and lowest in those with aCorynebacteriaceae-dominant profile (738 vs 552/100 children years; unadjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR), 1.34; 95% CI 1.16 to 1.54; p < 0.001). After adjusting for nine potential confounders, theMoraxella-dominant profile-ARI association persisted (adjusted IRR (aIRR), 1.19; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.37; p = 0.01). Similarly, the incidence rate of lower respiratory tract infections (a subset of all ARIs) was significantly higher in children with an earlyMoraxella-dominant profile (aIRR, 2.79; 95% CI 1.04 to 8.09; p = 0.04).ConclusionMoraxella-dominant nasal microbiota profile in early infancy was associated with an increased rate of ARIs during the first 2 years of life.
Analysis of wavepacket tunneling with the method of Laplace transformation
Authors: Riahi Natascha 
Published: May 2019

We use the method of Laplace transformation to determine the dynamics of a wavepacket that passes a barrier by tunneling. We investigate the transmitted wavepacket and find that it can be resolved into a sequence of subsequent wave packages. This result sheds new light on the Hartman effect for the tunneling time and gives a possible explanation for an experimental result obtained by Spielmann et al.
Adaptive Fuzzy-Based IRFOC of Speed Sensorless Six-Phase Induction Motor Drive System
Authors: Elbarbary Zakaria , Azeem Mohammad Fazle , Azazi Haitham Z. 
Published: May 2019

In recent times, instead of three-phase induction motors (IM), multi-phase motors have been used in several applications, due to numerous advantages that they offer. Elimination of mechanical position or speed sensors allures for adjustable speed drives of IM. It leads to cost reduction, lesser maintenance and increased reliability of the motor drive. To eliminate the speed sensor, the rotor speed is estimated from measured stator currents and voltages at motor terminals. This paper proposes a scheme based on speed estimation method using Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) in conjunction with Adaptive Fuzzy Knowledge Based Controller (AFKBC) to improve the performance of a sensorless Indirect Rotor Field Oriented Control (IRFOC) of six-phase IM drive. AFKBC allows to operate at various operating conditions. A fitness function is defined for Queen Bee-based Genetic Algorithm (QBGA) to tune the scaling factor of AFKBC which improves the transient and steady state performances. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by simulation on Matlab/Simulink package. The results of the proposed scheme are compared with conventional PI-based speed controller of the drive system. The proposed controller scheme improves the performance of the drive system at various operating conditions. The estimated speed algorithm gives good correlation between estimated and actual motor speed. The simulation results also illustrate that proposed scheme is robust and suitable for high performances six-phase IM drive.
Cryptanalysis of He’s quantum private comparison protocol and a new protocol
Authors: Wu WanQing , Cai QingYu , Wu ShuoMei , Zhang HuanGuo 
Published: May 2019

Recently, He proposed a novel quantum private comparison protocol without a third party (G. P. He, Int. J. Quantum Inf. 15(2) (2016) 1750014). This paper points out that two security loopholes in He’s protocol are existent. And a new QPC protocol which can avoid these loopholes is proposed without the help of a third party in this paper.
Early and Mid‐Term Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jose Rajesh , Shetty Ashith , Krishna Neethu , Chathoth Vijisha , Bhaskaran Renjitha , Jayant Aveek , Varma Praveen Kerala 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundMany observational studies and trials have shown that coronary artery bypass grafting improves the survival in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. However, these results are based on data generated from developed countries. Poor socioeconomic statuses, lack of uniformity in healthcare delivery, differences in risk profile, and affordability to access optimal health care are some factors that make the conclusions from these studies irrelevant to patients from India.Methods and ResultsOne‐hundred and sixty‐two patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction (ejection fraction ≤35%) who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting from 2009 to 2017 were enrolled for this study. Mean age of the study population was 58.67±9.70 years. Operative mortality was 11.62%. Thirty day/in‐house composite outcome of stroke and perioperative myocardial infarction were 5.8%. The percentage of survival for 1 year was 86.6%, and 5‐year survival was 79.9%. Five‐year event‐free survival was 49.3%. The mean ejection fraction improved from 30.7±4.08% (range 18–35) to 39.9±8.3% (range 24–60). Lack of improvement of left ventricular function was a strong predictor of late mortality (hazard ratio, 21.41;CI4.33–105.95). Even though there was a trend towards better early outcome in off‐pumpCABG, the 5‐year survival rates were similar in off‐pump and on‐pump group (73.4% and 78.9%, respectively;Pvalue 0.356).ConclusionsWe showed that coronary artery bypass grafting in ischemic cardiomyopathy was associated with high early composite outcomes. However, the 5‐year survival rates were good. Lack of improvement of left ventricular function was a strong predictor of late mortality.
Response of Surface Wind Divergence to Mesoscale SST Anomalies under Different Wind Conditions
Authors: Foussard A. , Lapeyre G. , Plougonven R. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The response of the atmospheric boundary layer to mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) is often characterized by a link between wind stress divergence and downwind SST gradients. In this study, an idealized simulation representative of a storm track above a prescribed stationary SST field is examined in order to determine in which background wind conditions that relationship occurs. The SST field is composed of a midlatitude large-scale frontal zone and mesoscale SST anomalies. It is shown that the divergence of the surface wind can correlate either with the Laplacian of the atmospheric boundary layer temperature or with the downwind SST gradient. The first case corresponds to background situations of weak winds or of unstable boundary layers, and the response is in agreement with an Ekman balance adjustment in the boundary layer. The second case corresponds to background situations of stable boundary layers, and the response is in agreement with downward mixing of momentum. Concerning the divergence of the wind stress, it generally resembles downwind SST gradients for stable and unstable boundary layers, in agreement with past studies. For weak winds, a correlation with the temperature Laplacian is, however, found to some extent. In conclusion, our study reveals the importance of the large-scale wind conditions in modulating the surface atmospheric response with different responses in the divergences of surface wind and wind stress.
Future Changes in Hail Occurrence in the United States Determined through Convection-Permitting Dynamical Downscaling
Authors: Trapp Robert J. , Hoogewind Kimberly A. , Lasher-Trapp Sonia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effect of anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations on the frequency and intensity of hail depends on a range of physical processes and scales. These include the environmental support of the hail-generating convective storms and the frequency of their initiation, the storm volume over which hail growth is promoted, and the depth of the lower atmosphere conducive to melting. Here, we use high-resolution (convection permitting) dynamical downscaling to simultaneously account for these effects. We find broad geographical areas of increases in the frequency of large hail (35-mm diameter) over the United States, during all four seasons. Increases in very large hail (50-mm diameter) are mostly confined to the central United States, during boreal spring and summer. And, although increases in moderate hail (20-mm diameter) are also found throughout the year, decreases occur over much of the eastern United States in summer. Such decreases result from a projected decrease in convective-storm frequency. Overall, these results suggest that the annual U.S. hail season may begin earlier in the year, be lengthened by more than a week, and exhibit more interannual variability in the future.
Wind Direction Measurements on Moored Coastal Buoys
Authors: Malačič Vlado 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWind direction measurements from anchored floating objects (buoys) are disturbed by the movement of an agitated sea surface. This article describes corrected wind direction measurements that account for a rotated and tilted anemometer, in which the rotations around the Euler angles “roll,” “pitch,” and “yaw” are simultaneously measured on coastal buoy “Vida” in Slovenian waters of the Gulf of Trieste. The wind data analysis is composed of a short-term analysis during a 4-h summer storm and a long-term analysis of wind direction for an 8-yr period. In the short-term analysis, the time evolution of the spectral composition of the anemometer’s translation and wind speeds revealed the dominance of 3–4-s oscillations that are mostly caused by waves. Anemometer velocity may account for up to 5% of apparent wind speed. In the long-term analysis, wind direction measurements were validated against those from two other stations in the Gulf of Trieste, as well as from the Acqua Alta tower in front of the Venice lagoon; all three are located in Italian waters. Short-term analysis of a summer storm and long-term measurements from four stations show that correcting the wind direction with the buoy’s orientation accounts for about 10°–12° of the error in wind direction.
Long Term Results of Charnley Low-Friction Arthroplasty a Thirteen-Year Average Follow-Up Study
Authors: Stringa G. , Muria G.V. , Di Marcucci M. , Pitto R.P. 
Published: May 2019

Of the first 127 consecutive patients who had had a Charnley total hip replacement at the First Orthopaedic Clinic, University of Florence, between 1970 and 1977, 74 (76 hips) were re-evaluated eleven to eighteen years post-operatively by clinical examination and roentgenograms. In this group we identified 8 failures (3 mechanical loosening and 5 septic loosening). All failed cases were revised. At 13 years average follow-up, the incidence of radiological aseptic loosening was 19.1% for the acetabular component and 17.6% for the femoral component; nevertheless in most of these cases, the clinical status was excellent or good. Acetabular component wear was found to be a significant problem.
Medium-Term Clinical and Radiological Results of the Uncemented Total Hip Prosthesis PM
Authors: Reichelt A. , Botterer H. 
Published: May 2019

Medium term results of 114 cementfree hip joint endoprostheses type PM implanted until mid - 1986 are presented. The clinical evaluation was based on the methods of Merle d'Aubigné and Harris. The mean Merle d'Aubigné score increased from 9.15 to 13.95 points and the Harris score from 44.13 to 75.60 points. After a mean in-situ period of 7.6 years only 35.96% of the operated hips were totally painfree. Twenty-seven prostheses (23.68%) did not need any support when walking (5.62% pre-op). Patients with forty-eight prostheses (42.11%) were able to walk without limitation (18.42% pre-op.). Of the operated hip joints 93.9% were judged subjectively as improved. Eighty-four patients were very satisfied (73.7%), twenty-seven were fairly satisfied (23.6%) and three were not at all satisfied (2.6%). Radiographically, 61% of the stems showed a change of position, whereas only 8% of the acetabular components shifted. In 71.4% of the cases, a radiolucent line around the stem was seen in zone 14. Approximately two thirds of the cups showed this radiolucency. Atrophy of the cortex was noticed in 37.8% of the cases in zone 6. Periosteal reactions appeared only around the tip of the femoral shaft (26.5%). Seventy-eight femora showed a bony consolidation around the stem-tip. Ectopic ossifications were detected at seventy-three joints altogether. In three cases, Brooker-stage IV was reached. The statistical evaluation showed a low significant correlation between atrophy of cortex in various zones and appearance of pain. The survival-analysis showed for primary implanted PM prostheses a survival rate of 90.5% (Confidence interval 86.3%-94.6%) after a five year period and of 73.3% (Confidence interval 60.3%-86.4%) after a ten year period in situ.
A Clinical and Electromyographic Review of the Lateral and Postero-Lateral Approaches to the Hip after Prosthetic Replacement
Authors: Moreschini O. , Giordano M. C. , Margheritini F. , Chiatti R. 
Published: May 2019

The Authors carried out a clinical and electromyographic study on two groups of patients undergoing total hip replacement with two different surgical approaches, evaluating the evolution of the clinical results at three and fifteen months after operation and comparing the same to the electromyographic results of the muscles involved during surgical exposure. They found differences in the post-operative functional changes in the two groups of patients and the reliability of the clinical and electromyographic results in the critical evaluation of the two different approaches.