bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance, behavior and offspring morphology may offset reproductive costs of male‐typical ornamentation for female lizards
Authors: Assis B. A. , Swierk L. , Langkilde T. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFemales of sexually dimorphic species that bear male‐typical secondary sexual traits, such as male ornaments, may incur costs. However, in some species, ornamented females can be found in high numbers, suggesting that they may experience benefits that offset these costs. Some female fence lizards (Sceloporus undulatus) possess blue badges that are similar to, but less dramatic than, those displayed by males during courtship and dominance contests. Females bearing these badges have reduced reproductive investment and are less desirable as mates, costs that are difficult to reconcile with the high prevalence of this trait (up to 95% of females) in some populations. To test the hypothesis that there are potential benefits associated with male‐typical ornamentation in females, we compared fitness‐relevant performance, behavior and morphology of ornamented and unornamented female fence lizards and their offspring. Ornamented females achieved faster sprinting speeds and had offspring that were more likely to flee from predatory attacks and had longer bodies; these traits are associated with higher survival in this species. These results suggest the presence of two female morphotypes that may be differentially favored under contrasting environmental conditions. Unornamented females appear to have a reproductive advantage that should be favored under low predation environments. By contrast, ornamented females have traits that would confer a fitness advantage in high‐predation environments. This work suggests a potential mechanism maintaining male‐typical female ornamentation in nature.
Ovarian hormones modulate endothelin‐1 receptor responses in young women
Authors: Sebzda Kelly N. , Kuczmarski Andrew V. , Pohlig Ryan T. , Lennon Shannon L. , Edwards David G. , Wenner Megan M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveWe recently demonstrated ETBR mediate vasodilation in young but not postmenopausal women; it is unclear if this is related to age or a decline in ovarian hormones. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that ETBR responses are modulated by ovarian hormones.MethodsWe measured cutaneous vasodilatory responses in 12 young women (22 ± 1 years, 23 ± 1 kg/m2) during the ML (days 20‐25) and EF (days 2‐5) phases of the menstrual cycle. Cutaneous microdialysis perfusions of lactated Ringer (control), ETBR antagonist (BQ‐788, 300 nmol/L), and ETAR antagonist (BQ‐123, 500 nmol/L) were performed, followed by local heating to 42°C.ResultsSerum estradiol (ML: 118 ± 16 vs EF: 44 ± 9 pg/mL, P < 0.05) and progesterone (ML: 8.3 ± 1.0 vs EF: 0.7 ± 0.2 ng/mL, P < 0.05) were higher during ML vs EF phase. ETBR blockade decreased vasodilation during ML (control: 91 ± 2 vs BQ‐788: 83 ± 2%CVCmax, P < 0.05) but not EF (control: 89 ± 2 vs BQ‐788: 89 ± 1%CVCmax). ETAR blockade also decreased vasodilation during ML (control: 91 ± 2 vs BQ‐123: 87 ± 2%CVCmax, P < 0.05) but not EF (control: 89 ± 2 vs BQ‐123: 92 ± 2%CVCmax).ConclusionsThese data suggest that fluctuations in ovarian hormones modulate ETBR and ETAR responses in young women.
In vitro interactions between 17‐AAG and azoles against Exophiala dermatitidis
Authors: Gao Lujuan , Sun Yi , He Chengyan , Li Ming , Zeng Tongxiang 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundExophiala dermatitidis causes a variety of illnesses in humans which are always refractory to available treatment modalities. Hsp90 governs crucial stress responses, cell wall repair mechanisms and antifungal resistance in pathogenic fungi. Thus, targeting Hsp90 with specific inhibitors holds considerable promise as combination strategy.ObjectivesTo investigate the antifungal effect of 17‐AAG alone or combined with azoles against E. dermatitidis.MethodsIn vitro interactions of 17‐AAG, a Hsp90 inhibitor, and azoles including itraconazole, voriconazole and posaconazole against E. dermatitidis were evaluated via broth microdilution chequerboard technique, adapted from the CLSI M38‐A2 method. A total of 18 clinical strains were studied. Candida parapsilosis (ATCC22019) was included to ensure quality control.Results and Conclusions17‐AAG alone exhibited minimal antifungal activity against all tested isolates. However, synergistic effects between 17‐AAG and posaconazole, itraconazole or voriconazole were observed against 15 (83.3%), 12 (66.7%) and 1 (5.6%) isolates of E. dermatitidis, respectively. The effective working ranges of 17‐AAG in synergistic combinations were mostly within 2‐8 μg/mL. No antagonism was observed. In conclusion, harnessing fungal Hsp90 with 17‐AAG might prove a potential antifungal regimen for E. dermatitidis infections. However, due to the host toxicity of 17‐AAG, more efforts are needed to develop fungal specific Hsp90 inhibitors.
Economic Conditions in Early Life and Circulatory Disease Mortality
Authors: Masters Ryan K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractI test the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis using a cohort perspective on mortality. I combine data from the National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files, 1986–2006, and U.S. economic data between 1902 and 1956 (403,746 respondents and 39,439 deaths), to estimate how exposures to adverse economic conditions in utero and during the first three years of life affect circulatory disease mortality risk in adulthood. I also examine cohort‐based variation in these associations. Findings suggest that in utero exposures to poor economic conditions increased risk of death from circulatory diseases. Results are consistent with theory and evidence suggesting that developmental processes early in life are strongly associated with circulatory disease susceptibility in older adulthood. However, findings indicate that the mortality effects of these early‐life exposures have likely weakened across birth cohorts.
Pediatric Wells syndrome (eosinophilic cellulitis) after vaccination: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Yu Ashley M. , Ito Shinya , Leibson Tom , Lavi Sasson , Fu Lisa W. , Weinstein Miriam , Skotnicki Sandra M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA 4‐year‐old boy presented with erythematous vesicular plaques, ulceration, edema, and pruritus on the left foot and ankle 10 days after receiving the tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis, and polio; measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella; and hepatitis A/B vaccines. Biopsy showed eosinophilic infiltrates and flame figures, suggesting Wells syndrome. Patch testing showed a 1+ reaction to neomycin and aluminum hydroxide, with a recall reaction of Wells syndrome of the feet bilaterally. We report a rare case of pediatric Wells syndrome triggered by nonthimerosal vaccine components confirmed by patch testing.
Congenital‐type juvenile xanthogranuloma: A case series and literature review
Authors: Oza Vikash S. , Stringer Thomas , Campbell Caren , Hinds Brian , Chamlin Sarah L. , Frieden Ilona J. , Shah Sonal 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCongenital juvenile xanthogranulomas are infrequently described in the medical literature. We report three previously unpublished cases and systematically review the literature to better characterize this variant.MethodsWe surveyed English‐language articles indexed in MEDLINE (1951‐March 2017) and EMBASE (1974‐March 2017) for cases of congenital‐onset juvenile xanthogranulomas confirmed on histopathology. Cases were divided into two categories: cutaneous only or cutaneous with systemic involvement.ResultsWe identified 31 cases of congenital juvenile xanthogranulomas involving only the skin and 16 cases with systemic involvement. Congenital juvenile xanthogranulomas involving only the skin were large (> 3 cm), presented with various clinical morphologies, and showed signs of regression by 1 year of age. Atypical clinical presentations included exophytic tumors, infiltrative plaques, agminated plaques, and subcutaneous tumors. Complications included ulceration and anetodermic scarring. Infants with congenital cutaneous juvenile xanthogranulomas who also had systemic involvement typically had multiple cutaneous tumors and hepatic involvement and showed signs of spontaneous regression independent of treatment.ConclusionsThe medical literature supports that congenital juvenile xanthogranulomas behave in a fashion similar to that of juvenile xanthogranulomas of infancy or childhood. Congenital cutaneous juvenile xanthogranulomas with or without systemic involvement spontaneously regress. The varied clinical presentations in the skin may lead to misdiagnosis, inappropriate examination, and unnecessary treatments. Infants with multiple congenital cutaneous juvenile xanthogranulomas should be evaluated for systemic involvement, with a particular focus on the liver, because 72.2% of these children were found to have hepatic juvenile xanthogranulomas.
Sirolimus as initial therapy for kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma
Authors: Wang Huaijie , Guo Xinkui , Duan Yitao , Zheng Baijun , Gao Ya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSirolimus has been used to manage various complex vascular anomalies. Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma may develop Kasabach‐Merritt phenomenon in infancy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of eight patients with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma who were initially treated using oral sirolimus in our center, including six with Kasabach‐Merritt phenomenon.ResultsFive girls and three boys seen between September 2012 and March 2015 were included. Age at initiation of sirolimus ranged from 30 days to 14 weeks (mean±SD 8.6 ± 3.5 weeks). Six of these eight patients had kaposiform hemangioendothelioma, and two had a tufted angioma. Platelet count before start of oral sirolimus ranged from 5 × 109/L to 189 × 109/L ((78.8 ± 65.2)×109/L) and fibrinogen level from 68 to 215 mg/dL (123.1 ± 50.5 mg/dL). All patients received standard doses of sirolimus (0.05 mg/kg orally, twice daily) as initial therapy. All patients with thrombocytopenia or hypofibrinogenemia reached a normal platelet count and a normal fibrinogen level within 3 to 4 weeks after sirolimus treatment. Length of treatment ranged from 12 to 79 weeks (39.9 ± 15.3 weeks). Two patients developed grade 2 oral mucositis during treatment.ConclusionSirolimus as first‐line therapy shows great promise in the treatment of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and tufted angioma.
Cerebrospinal fluid non‐pleocytosis in pediatric enteroviral meningitis: Large‐scale review
Authors: Song Ji Yeon , Nam Sang Ook , Kim Young A , Kim Kyung Min , Lyu Soo Young , Ko Ara , Kim Young Mi , Yeon Gyu Min , Lee Yun‐Jin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundLack of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis has been reported in some children with enteroviral meningitis (EVM). The aim of this paper was to investigate the clinical spectrum and related factors in EVM with CSF non‐pleocytosis.MethodsThe databases of children diagnosed with EVM on CSF polymerase chain reaction between 2011 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. CSF pleocytosis was defined at each age using the criteria. Clinical and laboratory variables were compared between patients with CSF pleocytosis and non‐pleocytosis.ResultsOf the 802 children of EVM, 25.4% (204/802) had CSF non‐pleocytosis. In particular, CSF non‐pleocytosis was found in 63.3% of the neonates versus in 22.2% of the children aged ≥1 year old, indicating that the ratio of CSF non‐pleocytosis had a negative correlation with age (P < 0.001). As the main symptoms, fever (91.8% vs 86.8%, P = 0.038), headache (80.3% vs 63.7%, P < 0.001), and vomiting (75.9% vs 61.8%, P < 0.001) were significantly more frequent in CSF pleocytosis than in CSF non‐pleocytosis. Patients with CSF non‐pleocytosis had much lower peripheral leukocytosis (10 656 ± 3,662 vs 12 403 ± 4,207/mm3, P = 0.014) and C‐reactive protein (0.7±0.8 vs 1.2±1.5 mg/dL, P < 0.001), and earlier lumbar puncture <24 h after onset (42.6% vs 21.4%, p<0.001). No significant difference during the summer and autumn months was seen between the two groups (76.9% vs 81.9%, P = 0.169).ConclusionCSF non‐pleocytosis in childhood EVM was frequently observed, especially in young infants, regardless of season. We propose that CSF PCR testing for enterovirus can be helpful to recognize EVM in children with CSF non‐pleocytosis.
Brute necessity
Authors: Van Cleve James 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn a growing number of papers, one encounters arguments to the effect that certain philosophical views are objectionable because they would imply that there are necessary truths for whose necessity there is no explanation. That is, they imply that there are propositions p such that (a) it is necessary that p, but (b) there is no explanation why it is necessary that p. For short, they imply that there are “brute necessities.” Therefore, the arguments conclude, the views in question should be rejected in favor of rival views under which the necessities would be explained. This style of argument raises a number of important and difficult questions. Do necessary truths really require explanation? Are they not paradigms of truths that either need no explanation or automatically have one, being in some sense self‐explanatory? If some necessary truths do require or admit of explanation, what types of explanation, are available? Are some necessary truths explained by other necessary truths? Are some necessary truths self‐explanatory? Are all necessary truths either self‐explanatory or explained by others? Or are there some necessary truths that are truly brute? This article surveys several representative arguments from brute necessity as well as a variety of answers to the questions above, noting their bearing on arguments from bruteness.
Citizenship and work in global capitalism: From domination to aspiration
Authors: Paret Marcel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe sociology of citizenship emerged during an exceptional period in which workers benefitted from economic growth and gains in productivity. Yet the field grew against the backdrop of a market‐oriented global capitalism defined by high levels of precarious work, surplus labor, and economic insecurity. Tracing the evolution of global capitalism in the wake of World War II, and across the unequal regions of the world, I outline three different perspectives on the relationship between capitalism and work. These include an outdated and untenable perspective of citizenship as workplace product, a critical perspective of citizenship as worker domination, and an optimistic perspective of citizenship as aspiration and agency. The analysis suggests that citizenship represents an important terrain of struggle within global capitalism, simultaneously enabling patterns of domination and inspiring movements for liberation.
Unravelling the Global Wool Assemblage: Researching Place and Production Networks in the Global Countryside
Authors: Jones Laura , Heley Jesse , Woods Michael 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis article applies an assemblage reading to the contemporary global woollen industry to demonstrate how assemblage thinking has value as a methodology for generating insights into the local impact of global economic restructuring; bridging concerns with the relationality of rural places and translocal production networks. Putting assemblage into research practice, we trace the interactions and interdependencies between human and non‐human, organic and inorganic, technical and natural components of the global wool assemblage from the entry point of Newtown in mid‐Wales. In so doing, we call attention to those critical moments in this schema that may be usefully exposed or explored via the concept of assemblage. Here we consider the agency of non‐human actors, as well as the biological, technological, regulatory and marketing regimes that seek to produce wool as a globally mobile commodity. Through their enrolment in these sets of relations, Welsh farmers are exposed to the effects of spatially dispersed and contingent dynamics. Using the example of wool we develop a broad argument for using a framework of assemblage alongside other critical theories as a means of grasping how rural societies, places and communities are negotiating change in the context of globalisation.
Uncovering the hidden content of layered documents by means of photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Tserevelakis George J. , Tsagkaraki Margarita , Siozos Panagiotis , Zacharakis Giannis 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe introduce a novel diagnostic approach for the uncovering of hidden content in layered documents, based on a photoacoustic imaging set‐up with optimised acoustic detection parameters. By exploiting the laser‐induced ultrasound following the intense absorption of pulsed optical radiation by printed ink, this traditional biomedical imaging method is proven capable of revealing text characters buried under several layers of stacked paper sheets at high spatial resolution and excellent contrast levels. Such a remarkable performance benefits from the effective combination of strong light scattering by paper fibrils and the virtually unobstructed propagation of the generated ultrasonic waves through multiple layers, enabling thus the accurate recording of text, even in double‐sided prints, with minimum shadowing artefacts. The imaging effectiveness, the implementation simplicity, the robustness, and the relatively low‐cost features offered by the proposed photoacoustic modality are anticipated to contribute in its wide adoption by the preservation of cultural heritage community, as a powerful diagnostic tool for the in‐depth investigation of complex multilayered objects.
Revisiting penalty functions for environmental violations: Evidence from a developing country
Authors: Haque Nabil 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEnvironmental fines are effective means of bringing polluters under compliance by deterring them from future violations. The design of the fines is guided by policies informed by theories of firm behaviour and empirical records. In Bangladesh, there are no policies governing the penalty rates based on the type and seriousness of the violations. This study models the influence of factory level characteristics on environmental fines levied due to violation of regulations relating to surface water pollution. Textile factories were found to be fined at a higher rate compared to other sectors. It was also found that historical compliance records negatively influenced the penalty rates. However, even with this model it will be difficult to accurately assess the fine for an environmental violation. Though the results offer similarities and differences with other studies and established theories, certain anomalies highlight the regulatory gaps in terms of not having structured penalties appropriate for reported violations in Bangladesh.
Diversity in the genusRhabdias(Nematoda, Rhabdiasidae): Evidence for cryptic speciation
Authors: Müller Maria I. , Morais Drausio H. , Costa‐Silva Guilherme J. , Aguiar Aline , Ávila Robson W. , da Silva Reinaldo J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLungworms from the genusRhabdiasare common parasites of amphibians and reptiles distributed worldwide. To assess the diversity ofRhabdiasspp., we performed molecular analyses of 35 specimens sampled in different regions of Brazil. Molecular analyses were based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (28S) ribosomal and the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial genes. DNA sequence divergence was compared among ribosomal and mitochondrial genes, analyses using the general mixed Yule‐coalescent (GMYC) method based on the COI gene were used to identify possible cryptic diversity, and phylogenetic analyses using concatenated ITS and 28S ribosomal genes were used to test the monophyly of Rhabdiasidae. We revealed five morphospecies:R.cf.stenocephala,R. breviensis,R. pseudosphaerocephalaand two new species,Rhabdiassp.4 andRhabdiassp.5. DNA sequence levels of divergence among genes ITS, 28S and COI were compared, and the efficiency of the molecular markers to identify species (ITS and COI) and lineages (COI) was tested. GMYC was assigned to 17 well‐supported clades (i.e., 17 species), and cryptic diversity was detected in the Neotropical region as evidenced by the multiple lineages inR. breviensisandR. pseudosphaerocephala. In addition, our results suggest evidence for host–parasite cophylogeny in theR. pseudosphaerocephalacomplex and dispersal events among their populations. Phylogenetic analyses supported the monophyly of Rhabdiasidae and improved the resolution of main clades.Rhabdias breviensisis closely related toRhabdiascf.africanus,Rhabdiascf. stenocephala,R. pseudosphaerocephala,Rhabdiassp.4 andRhabdiassp.5 grouping together in a main clade with Neotropical‐related species. The large geographical distribution appeared to be a phylogenetic pattern among the species ofRhabdiasfrom the neotropics.
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based arts interventions on psychological wellbeing and fatigue in adults with a physical illness: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Rieger Kendra L. , Lobchuk Michelle M. , Duff Miriam A. , Chernomas Wanda M. , Campbell-Enns Heather J. , Demczuk Lisa , Nicolas Suzanne , West Christina H. 
Published: July 2018

Review question/objective:
The objective of this review is to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of mindfulness-based arts interventions on psychological wellbeing and fatigue in adults with a physical illness.
Orbital precession modulates interannual rainfall variability, as recorded in an Early Pleistocene speleothem
Authors: Hopley Philip J. , Weedon Graham P. , Brierley Chris M. , Thrasivoulou Christopher , Herries Andy I.R. , Dinckal Ada , Richards David A. , Nita Dan C. , Parrish Randall R. , Roberts Nick M. W. , Sahy Diana , Smith Claire L. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Interannual variability of African rainfall impacts local and global communities, but its past behavior and response in future climate projections are poorly understood. This is primarily due to short instrumental records and a lack of long high-resolution palaeoclimate proxy records. Here we present an annually resolved 91,000 year Early Pleistocene record of hydroclimate from the early hominin-bearing Makapansgat Valley, South Africa. Changes in speleothem annual band thickness are dominated by precession over four consecutive orbital cycles with strong millennial-scale periodicity. The frequency of interannual variability (2.0–6.5 yr oscillations) does not change systematically, yet its amplitude is modulated by the orbital forcing. These long-term characteristics of interannual variability are reproduced with transient climate model simulations of water balance for South Africa from the Late Pleistocene to Recent. Based on these results, we suggest that the frequency of interannual variations in southern African rainfall is likely to be stable under anthropogenic warming, but that the size of year-to-year variations may increase. We see an orbitally forced increase in the amplitude of interannual climate variability between 1.8 Ma and 1.7 Ma coincident with the first evidence for the Acheulean stone tool technology.