bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the aetiological factors of dental trauma in children over time: An 18‐year retrospective study
Authors: Kırzıoglu Zuhal , Oz Esra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground/AimDental trauma causes significant aesthetic, functional and psychosocial problems that often require emergency attention in children. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the factors related to dental injuries in children. A secondary aim was to better understand how to improve the education given to children, parents and teachers in schools regarding dental trauma.Materials and methodsRecords of children who were referred to the Department of Pedodontics at Suleyman Demirel University were reviewed. A total of 1971 patients with a history of dental trauma who attended the clinic from 1999 to 2017 were evaluated. The following information was recorded: age, gender, year, aetiology, location, season and time elapsed after trauma. Results were evaluated using the Pearson chi‑square test.ResultsThe patients’ average age was 8.56 ± 0.08. Dental injuries were frequent in the 7‐ to 12‐year age group (55.9%). Children in the 0‐ to 6‐year age group attended the clinic more frequently during the years 2013 and 2017 compared to previous years. Boys had a higher frequency of trauma than girls (P < 0.05). The most frequent cause of trauma was falls (46%). The accidents occurred predominantly in the street (41.8%). Trauma that took place at home increased in the later years of the study period, whereas the percentage of injuries occurring in schools decreased. The ratio of patients who attended the clinic within the first two days after trauma was 33.4% between 1999 and 2007, and this increased to 59.8% between 2013 and 2017. The majority of the injuries occurred during the summer.ConclusionsThe aetiological factors related to trauma in children, and the number of patients who attended the clinic, have not changed over the 18‐year period but the elapsed time to attend the clinic has changed. Education will increase the awareness regarding the importance of emergency intervention immediately following dental trauma.
More precise phenotyping of cluster headache using prospective attack reports
Authors: Snoer A. H. , Lund N. , Jensen R. H. , Kristoffersen E. S. , Barloese M. , Hansen J. M. 
Published: May 2019

Background and purposeThe clinical characteristics of cluster headache (CH) are based mainly on retrospective attack descriptions of ‘usual’ attacks, but whether these reports are reliable is uncertain. The aim was to compare retrospective and prospective attack descriptions and describe the within‐ and between‐patient variability of attacks.MethodFifty‐seven CH patients underwent a semi‐structured interview obtaining a retrospective account of usual CH attacks. Patients thereafter prospectively recorded the clinical characteristics of up to 10 attacks per patient in a headache diary. Four different attack characteristics were investigated: (i) severity, (ii) duration, (iii) number of autonomic symptoms and (iv) number of migrainous symptoms. Retrospective and prospective data were compared. Within‐ and between‐patient variability of attacks was assessed.ResultsRetrospective attack descriptions (n = 57) were significantly longer (P = 0.046) and more severe (P < 0.0001) for untreated attacks compared with prospective reports (n = 500). The number of autonomic symptoms was significantly higher in the retrospective reports compared to the prospective reports (P < 0.0001). Within‐patient variability for attack duration, pain severity and number of autonomic and migrainous symptoms was low. Compared to men, more women reported longer (P = 0.026) and more severe (P = 0.028) attacks with more migrainous symptoms (P = 0.033).ConclusionsImportant differences were found between prospectively and retrospectively reported attacks with duration and severity of untreated attacks overestimated in retrospective attack descriptions. CH attacks display low within‐patient variability, but the presentation of CH attacks varies between patients. The high prevalence of symptoms typically associated with migraine should raise more diagnostic awareness for CH, especially in women who are more often misdiagnosed as having migraine.
Observation of plugging behaviour reveals entrance‐guarding schedule of morphologically specialized caste in Colobopsis nipponicus
Authors: Fujioka Haruna , Abe Masato S. , Okada Yasukazu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe success of social insects is often attributed to the specialized morphologies and behaviours of workers. One of the most elaborate specializations in ant species is the workers’ plugging behaviour, in which their uniquely shaped heads are used for nest defence. These species generally nest in tree cavities. Without morphologically specialized workers (major workers) plugging the nest entrance, nests are easily attacked and replaced by conspecific and heterospecific cavity‐dwelling ants and other predators. Therefore, major workers are expected to defend the nest at all times. However, empirical evidence on the social time investment for nest defence is still lacking. Here, we investigated how major workers of Colobopsis nipponicus achieve nest defence (plugging behaviour) in terms of their work schedule. Our results showed that the nests had more major workers than entrances. The observation of artificial plastic nests over 6 days in the laboratory revealed that the nest entrance was guarded almost continuously by multiple major workers. The entrance‐guarding schedule was not equally divided among major workers, and there were no clear shift patterns in the timing of changeovers. We highlight the importance of investigating the time investment of workers to fully understand the defence strategies of this morphologically specialized caste.
Scale dependence of sex‐specific movement in a small‐bodied stream fish
Authors: Clark Scott R. , Kreiser Brian R. , Schaefer Jacob F. , Stewart Laura K. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Animal movement at localised scales is often modulated by competing pressures such as avoiding predators while acquiring resources and mates. The relative magnitude of these trade‐offs may affect males and females differently, often resulting in sex‐specific differences in movement.

Sex‐biases in movement have been linked to mating systems (e.g. monogamy or polygamy) in birds and mammals; however, this relationship has received less attention among fishes. Using passive integrated transponder tags and a series of stationary antennas, we evaluated the movement dynamics of a small‐bodied, sexually dimorphic stream fish Fundulus olivaceus over a 30‐day period in a fourth‐order tributary to the Pascagoula River in Mississippi (U.S.A.).

We documented dissimilar sex‐specific movement behaviours at different spatial scales that were likely to be facilitated by differential resource demands and competitive pressures. Females exhibited an increased propensity to engage in longer, exploratory moves (>30 m); whereas most males remained active within an established territory, making few long‐distance longitudinal movements.

Local activity levels (proportion of individuals moving) were positively related to density (manipulated during the study), and density was found to affect the magnitude of sex‐specific movement. In contrast to females, males increased local activity and movement distance at the reduced density, presumably to expand territory size or mate‐searching behaviours, suggesting local mate competition may suppress the movement distance of males.

Despite some evidence substantiating a relationship between movement and mating system, our results suggest that the documented sex‐specific differences may be related to traits that co‐evolve with mating systems, rather than the mating system per se. Our findings also highlight the importance of spatial scale when evaluating patterns of sex‐biased movement tendencies.
Does chlorhexidine mouthwash, with an anti‐discoloration system, reduce tooth surface discoloration without losing its efficacy? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Van Swaaij Bregje W. M. , van der Weijden G. A. (Fridus) , Bakker Eric W. P. , Graziani Filippo , Slot Dagmar E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether chlorhexidine mouthwash (CHX‐MW), with an anti‐discoloration system(ADS), is effective in preventing extrinsic tooth surface discoloration. Additionally, this paper seeks to evaluate whether CHX combined with an ADS maintains its efficacy with respect to reducing plaque and gingivitis scores.Material and methodsMEDLINE‐PubMed and Cochrane‐Central were searched up to October 2018 to identify eligible studies. Papers evaluating the effect of CHX‐MW+ADS compared to CHX without an ADS were included. A descriptive analysis and when feasible a meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsScreening resulted in 13 eligible publications, presenting 16 comparisons. Six of these evaluated the MW in a non‐brushing model and ten as an adjunct to toothbrushing. A descriptive analysis demonstrated that the majority showed no differences in bleeding, gingivitis and plaque scores. This was confirmed by the meta‐analysis. In non‐brushing experiments, the difference‐of‐means (DiffM) for plaque scores was 0.10 (P = 0.45, 95%CI: [−0.15; 0.34]) and for the gingival index 0.04 (P = 0.15,95%CI: [−0.02; 0.11]). The DiffM in brushing studies for plaque scores was 0.01 (P = 0.29, 95%CI: [−0.01; 0.02]) and for the gingival index 0.00 (P = 0.87,95%CI: [−0.05; 0.06]). With respect to staining scores, the meta‐analysis revealed that in non‐brushing studies, the standardized mean difference was 3.19 (P = 0.0005,95%CI: [−3.98; −1.41]) while in brushing studies, the DiffM was 0.12 (P = 0.95,95%CI: [−3.32; 3.55]).ConclusionThere is moderate quality evidence from non‐brushing studies that the addition of an ADS to CHX‐MW reduces tooth surface discoloration and does not appear to affect its properties with respect to gingival inflammation and plaque scores. In brushing studies, there is also moderate quality evidence that ADS does not affect the anti‐plaque and anti‐gingivitis efficacy of CHX. The majority of comparisons and the meta‐analysis including these indicate no significant effect of ADS on tooth staining in situations where the mouthwash is used in addition to toothbrushing.
Acute medical stabilisation of adults with anorexia nervosa: experience of a defined interdisciplinary model of care
Authors: Braude Michael R. , Con Danny , Clayton‐Chubb Daniel , Nandurkar Ruchira , Chua Ling‐Ern , Newnham Evan D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with anorexia nervosa (AN) are vulnerable to physiological decompensation and often require inpatient management by an eating disorders unit.AimsPatients admitted to an Australian tertiary medical centre for medical stabilisation of AN were assessed as part of quality assurance. Analysis included: (i) medical complications during acute inpatient stabilisation; (ii) predictors of refeeding syndrome; (iii) predictors governing length of stay (LOS); and (iv) outcomes pre‐ and post‐implementation of multidisciplinary treatment guidelines.MethodsA retrosepctive analysis of 95 consecutive admissions (60 individual patients) between November 2011 and August 2017 was performed.ResultsPatients had a median LOS of 9.6 days (interquartile range 5.8–19.7) and a mean weight gain of 1.4 kg (standard deviation 2.9). Medical complications included the following: hypoglycaemia (11.6%) and refeeding electrolyte derangement (26.3%). Advancing age (odds ratio (OR) 1.06 per year, P = 0.019), nasogastric tube requirement (OR 3.4, P = 0.014) and Code Grey(s) (security calls) (OR 7.1, P = 0.010) were associated with refeeding electrolyte derangement. Parameters associated with increased LOS included the following: lower body mass index (P = 0.029), Code Grey(s) (P = 0.029) and tachycardia (P = 0.013). Following multivariate analysis, the post‐guidelines implementation group required less intravenous fluid and electrolyte replacement, though had lower rates of refeeding electrolyte derangement (OR 0.33 (0.11–0.99)).ConclusionPatients with moderate to severe AN are at risk of dangerous medical complications, and older patients may have heightened predisposition to refeeding electrolyte derangement. Early identification of medically high‐risk patients is imperative to implement timely, life‐saving interventions.
Immunoglobulin G4 related disease: a single‐centre experience from South Australia
Authors: Pucar Phillippa A. , Nolan James , Hissaria Pravin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundIgG4 related disease (IgG4RD) is a newly described multisystem fibro‐inflammatory disorder. There is a paucity of literature describing the Australian experience of this rare condition.AimsTo characterise the Royal Adelaide Hospital IgG4RD cohort with biopsy‐proven disease.MethodsA search of the Frome Road SA Pathology database was performed for all tissue biopsies containing the phrase ‘IgG4 positive’. Case notes were reviewed for clinical details, laboratory and radiology results. Histological features according to the Boston Criteria were used. Patients with available case notes, highly suggestive or probable histology and clinical features to suggest IgG4RD were included.ResultsTwenty patients had definite or probable IgG4RD and suggestive clinical features; median age 59 (20–76), male : female 1.5:1. There was considerable delay in diagnosis (median diagnosis at 64 months). Organ involvement included: 11 exocrine gland, seven pancreatobiliary, seven nodal, seven soft tissue, five retro‐orbital, three retroperitoneal fibrosis and two renal. Systemic symptoms at diagnosis were seen in eight patients. Seven (35%) had an elevated serum IgG4 (>1.35 g/L) at diagnosis. Only 12 (60%) required immunosuppressive treatment (corticosteroids); of these, four (20%) required a steroid‐sparing agent and four (20%) required B‐cell depleting therapy (rituximab). The median duration of follow up was 18 months.ConclusionsThis is the first characterised Australian cohort with generalised IgG4RD, a rare, relatively indolent and under‐recognised multisystem disorder. Diagnosis is difficult given lack of awareness of this rare condition among physicians, its presentation as a great disease mimic, challenges with histopathological assessment and the absence of a suitable serum biomarker.
Does higher‐than‐usual stress predict nonsuicidal self‐injury? Evidence from two prospective studies in adolescent and emerging adult females
Authors: Miller Adam Bryant , Eisenlohr‐Moul Tory , Glenn Catherine R. , Turner Brianna J. , Chapman Alexander L. , Nock Matthew K. , Prinstein Mitchell J. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundNonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) is highly prevalent among adolescent and emerging adult females. Most studies examining the relationship between stress and NSSI largely have relied on aggregate self‐report measures of stress and between‐person models. Using data from two prospective samples, this manuscript tests the hypothesis that within‐person models of NSSI provide better clinical markers of risk for NSSI than between‐person models of NSSI.MethodsTwo samples (Sample 1: 220 high‐risk girls, M age = 14.68, SD = 1.36, baseline assessment and 3‐month follow‐ups for 18 months; Sample 2: 40 emerging adult females with a history of NSSI, M age = 21.55, SD = 2.14, 14 days with daily retrospective reports) were followed prospectively and completed validated measures of stress and NSSI. Models were adjusted for age and depression.ResultsIn Sample 1, a within‐person model demonstrated that higher‐than‐usual (but not average) stress levels predicted NSSI within the same 3‐month wave. In Sample 2, results from a within‐person model with daily diary assessment data showed that higher‐than‐usual stress (but not average daily stress) predicted same‐day NSSI.ConclusionsTogether, our results suggest that higher‐than‐usual stress, relative to one's typical stress level, but not average stress levels, signals times of enhanced risk for NSSI. These results highlight the clinical utility of repeated assessments of stress.
Nickel dermatitis from earrings 15 years after EU directive implementation: a clinical‐epidemiological study and a market survey in Rome, Italy
Authors: Cristaudo A. , Petrucci F. , Giannarelli D. , Cercato M.C. , Orsini D. , Morrone A. , Bocca B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundNickel (Ni) dermatitis remains a highly prevalent allergic condition in Italy. There is a continuous need for clinical and epidemiological surveillance to evaluate whether or not European Ni Directive has been effective in contact allergy prevention.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of Ni dermatitis among patch‐tested patients and self‐interviewed school students and to analyse Ni release from earlobe jewellery.MethodsResults of patch tests performed in 2006–2007, 2015–2016 and 2017–2018 were retrieved. A questionnaire was compiled by 315 secondary school students. Ni release from earring parts was analysed with the EN1811:2015 method.ResultsA significant time trend of decreasing Ni positivity from 2006–2007 to 2017–2018 was observed both in the overall population (44.1% in 2006–2007, 33.0% in 2015–2016, 31.6% in 2017–2018, P < 0.0001) and in female patients (P < 0.0001). Conversely, change was not significant in males (P = 0.16). Decrease was significant for all age groups, except for those aged >60 years (P = 0.51). Among 242 students who reported earring use, 130 (54%) reported symptoms at earlobes, mostly associated with jewellery of materials other than gold and silver (59% of those with earlobe symptoms). Ni release exceeded the migration limit in 4/21 (20%) earring parts.ConclusionsA high prevalence of Ni dermatitis and earlobe symptoms were found in Rome. A decreasing time trend was noted, with a significant decline in Ni sensitivity compared to the situation observed right after Ni Directive implementation. This most likely represents the consequence of reduced Ni content in earring parts, although a major care in the use of Ni‐containing objects could contribute to explain these findings.
The association between the socioeconomic status and anxiety–depression comorbidity in patients with psoriasis: a nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Tzur Bitan D. , Krieger I. , Comaneshter D. , Cohen A.D. , Feingold D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundNumerous studies have indicated that comorbid anxiety and depression are associated with a more severe course of illness. Yet generally, the study of the effect of psoriasis on patients’ mental health has considered anxiety and depression to be separate states.ObjectiveTo measure the association between psoriasis and anxiety, depression and anxiety–depression co‐occurrence among patients according to their socioeconomic statuses (SES).MethodsA nationwide population‐based study of psoriasis patients and age and gender frequency‐matched controls (n = 255 862) was designed. Diagnostic data were obtained from Clalit Health Services, the largest managed care organization in Israel. This database was established using continuous real‐time input from healthcare providers, pharmacies, medical care facilities and administrative computerized operating systems.ResultsAfter controlling for demographic and clinical variables, psoriasis was associated with anxiety (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.01–1.23, P < 0.05), depression (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.26, P < 0.001), and anxiety and depression co‐occurrence (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.21–1.45, P < 0.001) among patients with low SES, yet was associated only with anxiety (OR 1.15 95% CI 1.04–1.27, P < 0.001) but not depression or comorbid anxiety–depression among patients with high SES. Survival analyses indicated that between the ages of 40 and 60, the cumulative probability of psoriasis patients with low SES to suffer from anxiety, depression and their co‐occurrence inclined more sharply with age as compared to psoriasis patients with high SES.ConclusionsAs psoriasis patients with low SES are prone to suffer from more severe courses of anxiety and depression, the choice of treatment of psoriasis should address the SES as well as the underlying psychiatric disease.
Reproductive characteristics and reproductive tract anatomy of the California butterfly ray Gymnura marmorata (Myliobatiformes: Gymnuridae)
Authors: Burgos‐Vázquez Maria I. , Galván‐Magaña Felipe , Carrera‐Fernández Maribel , Ochoa‐Báez Rosa I. , Oddone Maria C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe California butterfly ray Gymnura marmorata is frequently caught by artisanal fisheries in north‐western Mexico (Baja California Sur; BCS). The aim of this study was to estimate reproductive characteristics and describe the micro and macroscopic reproductive structures of female and male G. marmorata. Sampling was carried out at two fisheries landing sites located on the west coast BCS, from 2008 to 2012. The largest disc width (WD) ever recorded for this species was 131.0 cm and females were larger than males. The male sample was composed exclusively of adult specimens, with a median size at 50% maturity (WD50) estimated at 44.9 cm WD. For females, size at onset of maturity was estimated at 63.0 cm WD; WD50, at 64.7 cm WD; and size at pregnancy at 80.1 cm WD. Gonadal asymmetry was observed for the first time in this species. Indeed, in males only the left testis was functional (testicular asymmetry), while in females, only the left ovary was functional (ovarian asymmetry).
Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants: An Underestimated Workforce for Older Adults with Cancer
Authors: Coombs Lorinda A. , Max Wendy , Kolevska Tatjana , Tonner Chris , Stephens Caroline 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVESTo describe the composition of the US provider workforce for adults with cancer older than 65 years and to determine whether there were differences in patients who received care from different providers (eg, nurse practitioners [NPs], physician assistants [PAs], and specialty physicians).DESIGNObservational, cross‐sectional study.SETTINGAdults within the 2013 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries linked to the Medicare claims database.PARTICIPANTSMedicare beneficiaries who received ambulatory care for any solid or hematologic malignancies.MEASUREMENTSInternational Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9), diagnosis codes were used to identify Medicare patient claims for malignancies in older adults. Providers for those ambulatory claims were identified using taxonomy codes associated with their National Provider Identifier number.RESULTSA total of 2.5 million malignancy claims were identified for 201, 237 patients, with 15, 227 providers linked to claims. NPs comprised the largest group (31.5%; n = 4,806), followed by hematology/oncology physicians (27.7%; n = 4,222), PAs (24.7%; n = 3767), medical oncologists (10.9%; n = 661), gynecological oncologists (2.6%; n = 403), and hematologists (2.4%; n = 368). Rural cancer patients were more likely to receive care from NPs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65‐2.05) or PAs (OR = 1.57; 95% CI = 1.40‐1.77) than from physicians. Patients in the South were more likely to receive care from NPs (OR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.24‐1.49).CONCLUSIONSA large proportion of older adults with cancer receive care from NPs and PAs, particularly those who reside in rural settings and in the southern United States. Workforce strategies need to integrate these provider groups to effectively respond to the rising need for cancer care within the older adult population.