bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal Dialysis Cuff-Shaving—A Salvage Therapy for Refractory Exit-Site Infections
Authors: Meng Catarina , Beco Ana , Oliveira Ana , Pereira Luciano , Pestana Manuel 
Published: March 2019

Introduction Cuff-shaving has been described as a salvage technique for refractory exit-site infections, with conflicting data regarding infection and catheter outcomes. We describe our experience with cuff-shaving as a rescue therapy for exit-site infections unresponsive to systemic therapy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent cuff-shaving between January 2012 and June 2017. Refractory exit-site infection was defined as purulent discharge from the exit site with no clinical response after 3 weeks of systemic antibiotic treatment. Results Fifty-three cuff-shavings were included, mean age was 53.4 ± 13.4 years, 26 patients were male. Median dialysis vintage was 29 months (interquartile range [IQR] 14.3 – 38), and 39 (73.6%) were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). The exit-site infection rate before cuff-shaving was 1.12 episodes per patient-year and the median time from infection to shaving was 52 days (IQR 35 – 76). The most frequent agents were Staphylococcus aureus (34%), Corynebacterium spp. (17%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%). Median follow-up was 9 months (IQR 1 – 18.5), during which time 35 catheters were removed, 5 due to non-infectious reasons. Using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, median catheter survival was 24 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.17 – 43.83). At 12 months, the probability of catheter survival was 54% and was not statistically different between gram-positive and gram-negative agents, although it was significantly shorter for fungal agents. Conclusion Cuff-shaving is a feasible rescue therapy to treat refractory exit-site infections. In our experience, it allowed resolution of infections in a significant proportion of cases, except for fungal agents, and therefore extended catheter survival time, besides being associated with a small rate of complications.
Computer Simulations of Continuous Flow Peritoneal Dialysis Using the 3-Pore Model—A First Experience
Authors: Öberg Carl M. , Martuseviciene Giedre 
Published: March 2019

Background Continuous flow peritoneal dialysis (CFPD) is performed using a continuous flux of dialysis fluid via double or dual-lumen PD catheters, allowing a higher dialysate flow rate (DFR) than conventional treatments. While small clinical studies have revealed greatly improved clearances using CFPD, the inability to predict ultrafiltration (UF) may confer a risk of potentially harmful overfill. Here we performed physiological studies of CFPD in silico using the extended 3-pore model. Method A 9-h CFPD session was simulated for: slow (dialysate to plasma creatinine [D/P crea] < 0.6), fast (D/P crea > 0.8) and average (0.6 < D/P crea < 0.8) transporters using 1.36%, 2.27%, or 3.86% glucose solutions. To avoid overfill, we applied a practical equation, based on the principle of mass-balance, to predict the UF rate during CFPD treatment. Results Increasing DFR > 100 mL/min evoked substantial increments in small- and middle-molecule clearances, being 2 - 5 times higher compared with a 4-h continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) exchange, with improvements typically being smaller for average and slow transporters. Improved UF rates, exceeding 10 mL/min, were achieved for all transport types. The β2-microglobulin clearance was strongly dependent on the UF rate and increased between 60% and 130% as a function of DFR. Lastly, we tested novel intermittent-continuous regimes as an alternative strategy to prevent overfill, being effective for 1.36% and 2.27%, but not for 3.86% glucose. Conclusion While we find substantial increments in solute and water clearance with CFPD, previous studies have shown similar improvements using high-volume tidal automated PD (APD). Lastly, the current in silico results need confirmation by studies in vivo.
Observations of Red Giants with Suspected Massive Companions
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Tokovinin Andrei 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Motivated by the existence of binary systems where a stellar-mass black hole is bound to a normal star, we selected four red giants with large radial velocity (RV) variation from the survey of Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) grid stars and monitored their RVs for several months. None turned out to contain a massive companion above 2.5 solar masses. The red giant TYC 9299-1080-1 with a large RV and a large proper motion is a single-lined spectroscopic binary with a period of 81 days. It is an extreme halo object moving at 350 km s−1 almost directly toward the Galactic center. HD 206092 is a double-lined binary with a short period of 4.37 days. It belongs to the rare class of active RS CVn-type binaries with evolved primary components, apparently undergoing mass transfer. The X-ray luminosity of HD 206092 is about twice as high as the most luminous coronal X-ray emitters observed by ROSAT, including II Peg and the prototype star RS CVn. HD 318347 has a variable double-peaked emission-line spectrum (not a giant), while HD 324668 has a constant RV. Despite the overall good quality of the SIM survey data confirmed by a comparison with Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) mean RVs, the few large RV variations are explained, mostly, by erroneous data. We discuss the significance of the non-detection of massive companions in the SIM grid sample and the associated work.
Kuiper Belt–like Hot and Cold Populations of Planetesimal Inclinations in the β Pictoris Belt Revealed by ALMA
Authors: Matrà L. , Wyatt M. C. , Wilner D. J. , Dent W. R. F. , Marino S. , Kennedy G. M. , Milli J. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The inclination distribution of the Kuiper Belt provides unique constraints on its origin and dynamical evolution, motivating vertically resolved observations of extrasolar planetesimal belts. We present ALMA observations of millimeter emission in the near edge-on planetesimal belt around β Pictoris, finding that the vertical distribution is significantly better described by the sum of two Gaussians compared to a single Gaussian. This indicates that, as for the Kuiper Belt, the inclination distribution of β Pic’s belt is better described by the sum of dynamically hot and cold populations, rather than a single component. The hot and cold populations have rms inclinations of

and

degrees. We also report that an axisymmetric belt model provides a good fit to new and archival ALMA visibilities, and confirm that the midplane is misaligned with respect to β Pic b’s orbital plane. However, we find no significant evidence for either the inner disk tilt observed in scattered light and CO emission or the southwest/northeast asymmetry previously reported for millimeter emission. Finally, we consider the origin of the belt’s inclination distribution. Secular perturbations from β Pic b are unlikely to provide sufficient dynamical heating to explain the hot population throughout the belt’s radial extent, and viscous stirring from large bodies within the belt alone cannot reproduce the two populations observed. This argues for an alternative or additional scenario, such as planetesimal being born with high inclinations, or the presence of a “β Pic c” planet, potentially migrating outward near the belt’s inner edge.
The Orbital Parameters of the Eclipsing High-mass X-Ray Binary Pulsar IGR J16493–4348 from Pulsar Timing
Authors: Pearlman Aaron B. , Coley Joel B. , Corbet Robin H. D. , Pottschmidt Katja 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
IGR J16493–4348 is an eclipsing supergiant high-mass X-ray binary (sgHMXB), where accretion onto the compact object occurs via the radially outflowing stellar wind of its early B-type companion. We present an analysis of the system’s X-ray variability and periodic modulation using pointed observations (2.5–25 keV) and Galactic bulge scans (2–10 keV) from the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) Proportional Counter Array (PCA), along with Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) 70-month snapshot (14–195 keV) and transient monitor (15–50 keV) observations. The orbital eclipse profiles from the PCA scan and BAT light curves are modeled using asymmetric and symmetric step and ramp functions. We obtain an improved orbital period measurement of 6.7828 ± 0.0004 days from an observed minus calculated (O–C) analysis of mid-eclipse times derived from the BAT transient monitor and PCA scan data. No evidence is found for the presence of a strong photoionization or accretion wake. We refine the superorbital period to 20.067 ± 0.009 days from the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the BAT transient monitor light curve. A pulse period of 1093.1036 ± 0.0004 s is measured from a pulsar timing analysis using pointed PCA observations spanning ∼1.4 binary orbits. We present pulse times of arrival (ToAs), circular and eccentric timing models, and calculations of the system’s Keplerian binary orbital parameters. We derive an X-ray mass function of

M
⊙ and find a spectral type of B0.5 Ia for the supergiant companion through constraints on the mass and radius of the donor. Measurements of the eclipse half-angle and additional parameters describing the system geometry are provided.
The Star Clusters That Make Black Hole Binaries across Cosmic Time
Authors: Choksi Nick , Volonteri Marta , Colpi Monica , Gnedin Oleg Y. , Li Hui 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We explore the properties of dense star clusters that are likely to be nurseries of stellar black holes pairing in close binaries. We combine a cosmological model of globular cluster formation with analytic prescriptions for the dynamical assembly and evolution of black hole binaries (BHBs) to constrain which types of clusters are most likely to form binaries tight enough to coalesce within a Hubble time. We find that BHBs that are ejected and later merge ex situ form in clusters of a characteristic mass

, whereas binaries that merge in situ form in more massive clusters,

. The clusters that dominate the production of BHBs are similar in age and metallicity to the entire population. Finally, we estimate an approximate cosmic black hole merger rate of dynamically assembled binaries using the mean black hole mass for each cluster, given its metallicity. We find an intrinsic rate of

at z = 0, a weakly increasing merger rate out to z = 1.5, and then a decrease out to z = 4. Our results can be used to provide a cosmological context and choose initial conditions in numerical studies of BHBs assembled in star clusters.
NuSTAR Observations of the Accreting Atolls GX 3+1, 4U 1702-429, 4U 0614+091, and 4U 1746-371
Authors: Ludlam R. M. , Miller J. M. , Barret D. , Cackett E. M. , Coughenour B. M. , Dauser T. , Degenaar N. , García J. A. , Harrison F. A. , Paerels F. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Atoll sources are accreting neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binaries. We present a spectral analysis of four persistent atoll sources (GX 3+1, 4U 1702−429, 4U 0614+091, and 4U 1746−371) observed for ∼20 ks each with NuSTAR to determine the extent of the inner accretion disk. These sources range from an apparent luminosity of 0.006–0.11 of the Eddington limit (assuming the empirical limit of 3.8 × 1038 erg s−1). Broad Fe emission features shaped by Doppler and relativistic effects close to the NS were firmly detected in three of these sources. The position of the disk appears to be close to the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) in each case. For GX 3+1, we determine

(90% confidence level) and an inclination of 27°–31°. For 4U 1702−429, we find a

and inclination of 53°–64°. For 4U 0614+091, the disk has a position of

and inclination of 50°–62°. If the disk does not extend to the innermost stable circular orbit, we can place conservative limits on the magnetic field strength in these systems in the event that the disk is truncated at the Alfvén radius. This provides the limit at the poles of B ≤ 6.7 × 108 G, 3.3 × 108 G, and 14.5 × 108 G for GX 3+1, 4U 1702−429, and 4U 0614+091, respectively. For 4U 1746−371, we argue that the most plausible explanation for the lack of reflection features is a combination of source geometry and strong Comptonization. We place these sources among the larger sample of NSs that have been observed with NuSTAR.
The Broad Absorption Line Tidal Disruption Event iPTF15af: Optical and Ultraviolet Evolution
Authors: Blagorodnova N. , Cenko S. B. , Kulkarni S. R. , Arcavi I. , Bloom J. S. , Duggan G. , Filippenko A. V. , Fremling C. , Horesh A. , Hosseinzadeh G. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Levan A. , Masci F. J. , Nugent P. E. , Pasham D. R. , Veilleux S. , Walters R. , Yan L. , Zheng W. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present multiwavelength observations of the tidal disruption event (TDE) iPTF15af, discovered by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory survey at redshift z = 0.07897. The optical and ultraviolet (UV) light curves of the transient show a slow decay over 5 months, in agreement with previous optically discovered TDEs. It also has a comparable blackbody peak luminosity of

. The inferred temperature from the optical and UV data shows a value of (3–5) × 104 K. The transient is not detected in X-rays up to

within the first 5 months after discovery. The optical spectra exhibit two distinct broad emission lines in the He ii region, and at later times also Hα emission. Additionally, emission from [N iii] and [O iii] is detected, likely produced by the Bowen fluorescence effect. UV spectra reveal broad emission and absorption lines associated with high-ionization states of N v, C iv, Si iv, and possibly P v. These features, analogous to those of broad absorption line quasars (BAL QSOs), require an absorber with column densities

cm−2. This optically thick gas would also explain the nondetection in soft X-rays. The profile of the absorption lines with the highest column density material at the largest velocity is opposite that of BAL QSOs. We suggest that radiation pressure generated by the TDE flare at early times could have provided the initial acceleration mechanism for this gas. Spectral UV line monitoring of future TDEs could test this proposal.
Testing the Evolutionary Link between Type 1 and Type 2 Quasars with Measurements of the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Shangguan Jinyi , Ho Luis C. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In a popular scenario for the coevolution of massive black holes and galaxies, major mergers of gas-rich galaxies fuel vigorous star formation and obscured (type 2) quasar activity until energy feedback from the active galactic nucleus (AGN) clears away the gas and dust to reveal an unobscured (type 1) quasar. Under this scenario, the precursor type 2 quasars should be more gas-rich than their type 1 counterparts, and both types of quasars are expected to be gas-deficient relative to normal, star-forming galaxies of similar stellar mass. We test this evolutionary hypothesis by investigating the infrared (∼1–500 μm) spectral energy distribution of 86 optically selected z < 0.5 type 2 quasars, matched in redshift and [O iii] luminosity to a comparison sample of type 1 quasars. Contrary to expectations, the gas content of the host galaxies of type 2 quasars is nearly indistinguishable from that of type 1 quasar hosts, and neither type exhibits the predicted deficit in gas relative to normal galaxies. The gas mass fraction of quasar hosts appears unaffected by the bolometric luminosity of the active nucleus, although their interstellar radiation field is preferentially higher than that of normal galaxies, potentially implicating AGN heating of the large-scale galactic dust.
Diapause expression in a Québec, Canada population of the parasitoidAphidius ervi(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Tougeron Kévin , van Baaren Joan , Le Lann Cécile , Brodeur Jacques 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAphidius erviHaliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a major natural enemy of several agricultural pests in North America. Yet little is known about its overwintering strategy, especially concerning the plastic response to photoperiod and temperature that induce diapause. Information on parasitoid overwintering patterns is of great importance if we aim to predict their phenology and better inform pest outbreak control. Moreover, there is increasing evidence of plastic and genetic changes in overwintering strategies in insect from temperate areas following climate change. We set up a laboratory approach to better understand the factors acting on diapause induction inA. ervi. We studied the diapause incidence in a population from Québec, Canada, using the combination of two temperatures (14 °C and 20 °C) and three photoperiod treatments (10:14, 12:12, 14:10 [light:dark] hours). We found an effect of both factors on diapause incidence;A. erviexpressed close to 95% of diapause at the most fall-like conditions (14 °C, 10:14 [light:dark] hours) and almost no diapause (3.5%) at the most summer-like conditions tested (20 °C, 14:10 [light:dark] hours). This parasitoid species does have the potential to enter diapause in Québec before lethal frosts, despite a recent introduction from France (1960s), where mild winter occurs compared with Québec.
Reconstruction with free flaps in robotic head-and-neck onco-surgeries
Authors: Arora Rajan , Verma Vinay Kumar , Mishra Kripa Shanker , Bhoye Hemant , Kapoor Rahul 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Aims and Objective: The aim of the present article is to highlight how reconstruction with free flaps is different and difficult in cases with robotic head-and-neck cancer surgery. It also highlights the technical guidelines on how to manage the difficulties. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients with oropharyngeal cancer having undergone tumour excision followed by free-flap reconstruction been reviewed here. Nine patients had tumour excision done robotically through intraoral route while neck dissection done with transverse neck crease incision. There is a problem of difficult flap inset in this group of patient. Two patients had intraoral excision of tumour followed by robotic neck dissection via retroauricular incision. With no incision directly on the neck, microvascular anastomosis is challenging in this set of patients. Free flap was used in all the cases to reconstruct the defect. Results: Successful reconstruction with free flap was done in all the cases with good outcome both functionally and aesthetically. Conclusion: Free-flap reconstruction is possible in robotic head-and-neck cancer surgery despite small and difficult access, but it does need practice and some technical modifications for good outcome.
Serial abdominal closure with Gore-tex mesh and Rives-Stoppa for an open abdomen secondary to intra-abdominal hypertension in burns
Authors: Shanmugakrishnan R Raja , Loh Charles Yuen Yung , Wakure Abhijeet , El-Muttardi Naguib 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIntra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) leading to abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) commonly occurs in major burns. To relieve the excess pressure, decompressive laparotomy is done which can lead to an open abdomen. Closure of the abdomen after a decompressive laparotomy is very difficult with bowel oedema. We describe our technique of closing the open abdomen in such situations with a combination of serial abdominal wall closure with a layered mesh and the Rives-Stoppa component separation technique.
Dickens's Anonymous Margins: Names, Network Theory, and the Serial Novel
Authors: Grener Adam , Parker Isabel 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article argues that anonymous characters serve an important role within Dickens's effort to render the networked nature of Victorian society. Building on recent scholarship that has turned to “networks” to examine Dickens's complex and evolving character systems, this article details the insights gleaned from an interdisciplinary research program that uses computational methods to map Dickens's character networks as they develop during a novel's serial production. In particular, it highlights the problems presented by characters who remain nameless: while these characters may seem insignificant or a mere background to the action of a novel, they frequently inhabit functionally and structurally significant positions within character networks that aim to capture complex social relationships. Through detailed analysis of anonymous characters in Martin Chuzzlewit and Bleak House, this article argues that anonymity becomes one way in which Dickens's novels aim to reconcile particularized and structural perspectives on the social body. Although it is easy to fixate on Dickens's idiosyncratic practices of naming characters, those who remain nameless actually provide important insights into Dickens's navigation of serial form and the development of his representational practices from his earliest sketches through to his final novels.
Oblique Politics: Julia Wright Merrill and the Public Library Extension Committee, 1925–1946
Authors: Latham Joyce M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
The American public library is a political institution. Acknowledging the political status of public libraries allows for the adoption of the historical-institutional frames of political sociologist Elisabeth Clemens for analysis of libraries' early history. Drawing on the archives of the American Library Association and the Wisconsin Free Library Commission, this project details the actions of librarian Julia Wright Merrill as an example of alternative political advocacy in play in the early twentieth century. Merrill drew on a repertoire of political strategies as a means of developing an interest group of public librarians in active pursuit of national visibility and federal funding. The progress of that particular strategy began in 1925, spearheaded by the American Library Association's Public Library Extension Committee and its secretary, Julia Wright Merrill. It culminated with the passage of the Library Services Act of 1956, which provided federal funding opportunities to American public libraries for outreach to rural communities.
Pruitt-Igoe and the Crunden Branch Library: Public Housing and Public Libraries in Post–World War II St. Louis
Authors: Bossaller Jenny , Freeland Chris 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
For residents of St. Louis, the name “Pruitt-Igoe” invokes mental images of forbidding urban blight. A large government-subsidized housing development, Pruitt-Igoe was built with fanfare from the architectural community in the late 1950s, but it quickly deteriorated and was demolished in the 1970s. This study sheds new light on the Crunden Branch Library, which was intentionally built adjacent to Pruitt-Igoe to serve its residents and the surrounding neighborhood. Even during the housing development's hardest years, the library was recognized as a safe space for reading, learning, and cultural programming, and it often served as a space for community action. The story of the Crunden Branch is necessarily intertwined with local and national social and economic trends, contentious federal funding, and the purpose-driven urban librarianship of the late 1950s through the 1970s. It also provides a new perspective on St. Louis and the housing development itself.