bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusion
Authors: Bingham Adrian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The conclusion argues that Britain did not have a thriving ‘culture for democracy’, at least in the sense of political action and debate percolating throughout society. Most people, across the period, felt remote from politics and sceptical of politicians. There was limited interest in policy detail, and many struggled to articulate a coherent and consistent political position across a range of issues. But if British democratic culture was shoddy and threadbare to external view, there was a beating heart underneath. When people said they were not interested in politics, this reflected the perception that the world of parliamentary debates and party intrigue was distant, insular, and rather impenetrable, not that they did not care about political issues or have a desire to improve their position. Britain was home to plenty of everyday political thinking and conversation, and the amount and quality of this activity tended to increase and improve over the period as people became better educated and had access to more information through the media. The power of the democratic ideal grew in strength over the period, not least because it was more strongly absorbed by women and young people: people did not necessarily want to throw themselves into the political arena, but they expected to be listened to, they became less patient with appeals to tradition and authority, and they were less inclined to defer to people, including politicians, once deemed their ‘superiors’.
Association between metabolomics-based biomarker scores and 10-year cognitive decline in men and women. The Doetinchem Cohort Study
Authors: Smit Annelot P , Herber Gerrie-Cor M , Kuiper Lieke M , Rietman M Liset , Wesenhagen Kirsten E J , Picavet H Susan J , Slagboom P Eline , Verschuren W M Monique 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Metabolomic scores based on age (MetaboAge) and mortality (MetaboHealth) are considered indicators of overall health, but their association with cognition in the general population is unknown. Therefore, the association between MetaboAge/MetaboHealth and level and decline in cognition was studied, as were differences between men and women.

Methods
Data of 2821 participants (50% women, age range 45–75) from the Doetinchem Cohort Study was used. MetaboAge and MetaboHealth were calculated from 1H-NMR metabolomics data at baseline. Cognitive domain scores (memory, flexibility and processing speed) and global cognitive functioning were available over a 10-year period. The association between MetaboAge/MetaboHealth and level of cognitive functioning was studied using linear regressions while for the association between MetaboAge/MetaboHealth and cognitive decline longitudinal linear mixed models were used. Analyses were adjusted for demographics and lifestyle factors.

Results
Higher MetaboAge, indicating poorer metabolomic ageing, was only associated with lower levels of processing speed in men. Higher MetaboHealth, indicating poorer immune-metabolic health, was associated with lower levels of cognitive functioning for all three domains and global cognitive functioning in both men and women. Only in men, MetaboHealth was also associated with 10-year decline in flexibility, processing speed and global cognition. Metabolites that contributed to the observed associations were in men mainly markers of protein metabolism, and in women mainly markers of lipid metabolism and inflammatory metabolites.

Conclusions
MetaboHealth, not MetaboAge, was associated with cognitive functioning independent of conventional risk factors. Individual metabolites affect cognitive functioning differently in men and women, suggesting sex-specific pathophysiological pathways underlying cognitive functioning.
Risk assessment methods in occupational health and hygiene: a scoping review
Authors: Floeder Andrew , Jones Rachael M , Arnold Susan F 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
There are a variety of risk assessment methods to evaluate occupational hazards in the field of industrial hygiene. With the development of emerging technologies in the workforce, the previously established risk assessment methods may need to be adapted or new methods developed to address the risk of new hazards.

Methods
A scoping review was conducted consistent with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data was extracted and analyzed using a matrix method before undergoing a narrative synthesis. Risk assessment methods were classified as traditional and nontraditional.

Results
Seventy-nine articles were included in this scoping review, with 81% using traditional risk assessment methods and 19% using nontraditional methods.

Discussion
Among the nontraditional methods was control banding, with the most recent applications focused on nanomaterials. This approach, which was borne out of the need for a systematic approach for identifying potential health risks that required the use of engineering controls to be used safely, may have an important role in the area of emerging technologies, where the pace of technological innovation outstrips the rate at which health risks can be assessed and characterized. Risk assessment methods with the capacity to look at groups of similar chemicals and chemical mixtures are needed to address emerging hazards associated with emerging technologies.
Relative protective activities of avenanthramide A, B, and C against H2O2-induced endothelial dysfunction in EA.hy926 cells
Authors: Baik Seungjoo , Hong Seonghwa , Kim Hyun Joo , Jeong Heon Sang , Lee Hana , Lee Junsoo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study compared the antihypertensive effects of avenanthramides A, B, and C, with a focus on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Treatment with avenanthramides A, B, and C (50 μm) significantly enhanced cell viability and nitric oxide production in H2O2-induced endothelial dysfunction in EA.hy926 cells. Avenanthramides notably increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione while reducing malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. Moreover, avenanthramides promoted the Nrf2 translocation to nucleus, enhancing the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, avenanthramides inhibited the protein levels of iNOS and COX-2, as well as the phosphorylation of IkBα and translocation of p65, thereby mitigating endothelial inflammation. Molecular docking analysis revealed that avenanthramide A exhibited the strongest binding affinity for HO-1 and iNOS, which was correlated with its superior biological activity. Overall, by upregulating Nrf2/HO-1 pathways and downregulating NF-kB pathways, avenanthramides show potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction.
Detecting transposable elements in long-read genomes using sTELLeR
Authors: Bilgrav Saether Kristine , Eisfeldt Jesper 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Repeat elements, such as transposable elements (TE), are highly repetitive DNA sequences that compose around 50% of the genome. TEs such as Alu, SVA, HERV, and L1 elements can cause disease through disrupting genes, causing frameshift mutations or altering splicing patters. These are elements challenging to characterize using short-read genome sequencing, due to its read length and TEs repetitive nature. Long-read genome sequencing (lrGS) enables bridging of TEs, allowing increased resolution across repetitive DNA sequences. lrGS therefore present an opportunity for improved TE detection and analysis not only from a research perspective but also for future clinical detection. When choosing an lrGS TE caller, parameters such as runtime, CPU hours, sensitivity, precision, and compatibility with inclusion into pipelines are crucial for efficient detection.

Results
We therefore developed sTELLeR, (s) Transposable ELement in Long (e) Read, for accurate, fast, and effective TE detection. Particularly, sTELLeR exhibit higher precision and sensitivity for calling of Alu elements than similar tools. The caller is 5–48× as fast and uses &lt;2% of the CPU hours compared to competitive callers. The caller is haplotype aware and output results in a variant call format (VCF) file, enabling compatibility with other variant callers and downstream analysis.

Availability and implementation
sTELLeR is a python-based tool and is available at https://github.com/kristinebilgrav/sTELLeR. Altogether, we show that sTELLeR is a fast, sensitive, and precise caller for detection of TE elements, and can easily be implemented into variant calling workflows.
Visfatin exerts an anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effect in the human placenta cells
Authors: Dawid Monika , Pich Karolina , Respekta-Długosz Natalia , Gieras Wiktoria , Opydo Małgorzata , Milewicz Tomasz , Froment Pascal , Dupont Joëlle , Rak Agnieszka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Visfatin regulates energy homeostasis, metabolism, inflammation, and reproduction via the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis. Our previous study showed the visfatin gene and protein expression in the human placenta. This study aimed to investigate the in vitro effect of visfatin on the proliferation and apoptosis of placental JEG-3 and BeWo cells but also in villous explants collected from normal pregnancies and complicated by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preeclampsia (PE), and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We studied placenta cells viability, proliferation, cell cycle, proliferation/apoptotic factors and insulin receptor (INSR) expression, DNA fragmentation, CASP3/7 activity, and phosphorylation of ERK1/2, AKT, AMPKα, STAT3 with their involvement after pharmacological inhibition in visfatin action on proliferation and apoptosis. Visfatin (1, 10, 100 ng/mL) decreased the viability and proliferation of JEG-3 after 48 h, and a similar effect was observed via co-administration of visfatin (10 ng/mL) and insulin (10 ng/mL) in JEG-3 and BeWo after 48 h and 72 h, respectively. Visfatin reduced the transition from the G2/M phase, and expression of PCNA or cyclins D, E, A, and B in JEG-3 and PCNA in normal, IUGR, PE, and GDM placentas. It increased DNA fragmentation, CASP3/7 activity, P53, BAX/BCL2, CASP9, CASP 8, CASP3 levels in BeWo, and CASP3 expression in tested placentas. Furthermore, visfatin modulated INSR, ERK1/2, AKT, AMPKα, and STAT3 expression in JEG-3 and BeWo, and its anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects occurred via mentioned factors. In conclusion, visfatin, by affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of human placenta cells, may be an important factor in the development and function of the organ.
Brain age gap, dementia risk factors and cognition in middle age
Authors: Stefaniak James D , Mak Elijah , Su Li , Carter Stephen F , Dounavi Maria-Eleni , Muniz Terrera Graciela , Bridgeman Katie , Ritchie Karen , Lawlor Brian , Naci Lorina , Koychev Ivan , Malhotra Paresh , Ritchie Craig W , O’Brien John T 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Brain Age Gap has been associated with dementia in old age. Less is known relating brain age gap to dementia risk-factors or cognitive performance in middle-age. Cognitively healthy, middle-aged subjects from PREVENT-Dementia had comprehensive neuropsychological, neuroimaging and genetic assessments. Brain Ages were predicted from T1-weighted 3T MRI scans. Cognition was assessed using the COGNITO computerized test battery. 552 middle-aged participants (median [interquartile range] age 52.8 [8.7] years, 60.0% female) had baseline data, of whom 95 had amyloid PET data. Brain age gap in middle-age was associated with hypertension (P = 0.007) and alcohol intake (P = 0.008) but not apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (P = 0.14), amyloid centiloids (P = 0.39) or cognitive performance (P = 0.74). Brain age gap in middle-age is associated with modifiable dementia risk-factors, but not with genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease, amyloid deposition or cognitive performance. These results are important for understanding brain-age in middle-aged populations, which might be optimally targeted by future dementia-preventing therapies.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone as a candidate biomarker for parkinsonian disorders
Authors: Fernandes Gomes Bárbara , Kumar Atul , Ashton Nicholas J , Hall Sara , Stomrud Erik , Smith Ruben , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Mattsson-Carlgren Niklas , Hansson Oskar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Disease-specific fluid biomarkers are in demand for parkinsonian syndromes (PS). Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) was proposed as a biomarker for Lewy body disease. As such, this project aimed to confirm CRH as a potential biomarker for different PS. CRH and misfolded α-synuclein (αSyn) were measured in CSF. The primary cohort included Lewy body disease patients (i.e. Parkinson’s disease or dementia with Lewy bodies, n = 77), atypical PS (n = 37) and non-parkinsonian neurodegenerative diseases (n = 164), as well as controls (n = 354). A replication cohort included Lewy body disease (n = 27), atypical PS (n = 58) and controls (n = 58). CRH was downregulated in αSyn positive Lewy body disease, αSyn positive controls and in all atypical PS compared with αSyn negative controls (P = 3.3e−05, P = 3.1e−10, P = 2.9e−03). CRH was also decreased in αSyn positive Lewy body disease compared with αSyn negative non-PS (P = 2e−03) and correlated with cognitive impairment and inflammation in αSyn positive Lewy body disease. We show that CRH is a promising biomarker for Lewy body disease and atypical PS and its association with inflammation and cognitive decline. Reductions in CRH in Lewy body disease and other PS suggest this decrease may relate to dopaminergic degeneration instead of αSyn pathology.
Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) for monogenic nephropathy: a single-center retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: Liu Xinyu , Zhang Qian , Cao Kexin , Li Jie , Gao Yuan , Xu Peiwen , Niu Yuping , Zhou Wei , Ni Tianxiang , Sun Shuzhen , Yan Junhao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Hereditary nephropathy is an important cause of renal insufficiency and end-stage renal disease. Therefore, for couples with monogenic nephropathy, preventing transmission of the disease to offspring is urgent. Preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disorders (PGT-M) is a means to prevent intergenerational inheritance by screening and transplanting normal embryos. We provide a clinical overview of patients with monogenic nephropathy who underwent PGT-M.

Methods
The single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University from January 2014 to December 2022. A total of 352 couples with nephropathy-related disease were included in the cohort totally.

Results
Of the 352 couples with nephropathy-related disease, 180 accepted genetic screening. A total of 104 couples with monogenic nephropathy indications underwent PGT-M, including 90 of autosomal dominant inheritance, 10 of autosomal recessive inheritance, 4 of X-linked inheritance. 498 blastocysts were biopsied prior to testing, and 394 embryos underwent genetic testing, of which 76 were transferable, 247 were non-transferable and 71 were recommended for genetic counseling. Finally, 80 vitrified-thawed single blastocyst transfer cycles were performed in the cohort. Live births occurred in 38 women, of which 37 transferred embryos with non-pathogenic genotypes. The invasive prenatal diagnosis results of 18 women with live birth were obtained through follow-up, consistent with the PGT-M results of transferred embryos.

Conclusions
PGT-M is an effective means of preventing intergenerational inheritance of monogenic nephropathy. The absence of genetic abnormalities detected by prenatal diagnosis in healthy newborns without monogenic nephropathy also underscore its validity.
4D computed tomography assessment of ruptured triple-lumen type B aortic dissection: a case report
Authors: Li Ying , Li Jia , Chen Jia , Zhao Pei qun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Few studies have investigated the effect of the intimal morphology of type B aortic dissection (TBAD) on the blood flow after rupture. We report a case of a 30-year-old male with complicated TBAD, who underwent assessment with 4D computed tomography (4D-CT).

Case summary
Patient presented with chest tightness for 14 days, a heart rate of 67 b.p.m., regular rhythm, and 2 years of hypertension. Precisely 14 days prior, he had been diagnosed with aortic dissection by ultrasound at another hospital. 4D-CT showed thoracoabdominal aortic dissection (Stanford type B), left haemothorax, multiple dissection tears, an initial tear located at the large curvature side of the aortic arch, a proximal tear entrance &gt;15 mm, and a descending aorta exit &gt;5 mm. 4D-CT analysis and visualization of the intimal flap showed a parallel three-lumen spatial morphology of true–false–true, and the lumen showed partial thrombosis in the false lumen. Further quantitative analysis of the area of the initial and re-entry tear during the cardiac cycle revealed that the ratio of the initial tear to re-entry tear was consistent with the expansion ratio of the false lumen to the true lumen of the re-entry tear. The patient improved and was discharged 1 week after undergoing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for descending aortic dissection.

Discussion
The complex triple-lumen TBAD, characterized by multiple tears and blood flow channels, poses challenges for TEVAR. 4D-CT facilitates the visualization of intimal flap spatial distribution and enables a thorough assessment of interlayer dilation risk within a realistic and complex haemodynamic context, thereby refining the risk stratification for the progression of complicated aortic dissection and its associated complex complications.
Immunotherapy-mediated myocarditis and concurrent vasospastic angina in a patient with established ischaemic heart disease: a case report
Authors: Ko Jefferson , Wardill Thomas , Tan Sean , Ramkumar Satish 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Immunotherapy has become a pillar of modern oncological management but is associated with significant immunotherapy-related adverse events (IRAEs). While myocarditis is a prominent IRAE which clinicians are increasingly aware of, immunotherapy-related coronary vasospasm is far less appreciated and can be especially difficult to elucidate in pre-existing coronary artery disease. This case demonstrates the approach to diagnosis and management of multiple cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular IRAEs.

Case summary
A 57-year-old male with a history of metastatic melanoma on combined immunotherapy and ischaemic heart disease with multiple previous percutaneous coronary interventions presented with typical chest pain and troponin rise. Differential diagnoses for this presentation included a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, myocarditis, and coronary vasospasm. Coronary angiogram did not reveal any new significant obstructive coronary artery disease while cardiac MRI did not reveal any radiological features consistent with myocarditis. However, empirical treatment for IRAEs resulted in both clinical and biochemical improvement and ability to discharge the patient on steroids and coronary vasodilators, having been GTN-infusion dependent as an inpatient.

Discussion
Cardiovascular IRAEs are important to be aware of when managing patients on immunotherapy and more than one IRAE can occur concurrently. Given the caveats of non-invasive imaging and invasive nature of endomyocardial biopsy, the clinical history is key in establishing these crucial diagnoses which will significantly impact ongoing oncological management.
High internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized by walnut protein–galactooligosaccharide nanoparticles: effect of cinnamon oil entrapment
Authors: Qin Yizhen , Liu Jiongna , Yang Xiaoqin , Zhao Yueliang , Fan Fangyu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Walnut protein–galactooligosaccharide (WalPI–GOS) nanoparticles were used to prepare high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs).

Materials and Methods
The entrapment properties of HIPPEs for cinnamon oil were investigated by varying the volume ratios of camellia and cinnamon oils (cinnamon oil contents: 0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%), and the droplet size, rheological properties, Raman spectroscopy results, microstructure, thermal stability, storage stability, and antioxidant activity of HIPPEs were determined.

Results
The droplet size of HIPPEs increased with increasing cinnamon oil content. Among the samples, HIPPEs enriched with the cinnamon oil content of 10% had the highest storage modulus, loss modulus, and apparent viscosity (13.64 Pa·s). However, the thixotropic recovery ability of HIPPEs decreased with the increase in cinnamon oil content. Raman spectroscopy and microstructural analysis revealed that proteins covalently cross-linked with cinnamaldehyde to form a three-dimensional network structure, which showed the highest stability when the cinnamon oil content was 10%. HIPPEs exhibited high thermal stability without delamination after heating, as well as good storage stability without delamination or discoloration after 15 d of storage at 25 °C and 50 °C. Among the samples, HIPPEs enriched with 10% cinnamon oil had the lowest peroxide and malondialdehyde values during storage. The addition of cinnamon oil significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity of HIPPEs.

Conclusions
The best overall performance of HIPPEs was achieved at a cinnamon oil content of 10%. This result provides a theoretical foundation for the development of WalPI and the application of cinnamon oil in food, as well as a theoretical basis for the development of novel food delivery systems.
Overview of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae population structure through the lens of 3,034 genomes
Authors: Loegler Victor , Friedrich Anne , Schacherer Joseph 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
With the rise of high-throughput sequencing technologies, a holistic view of genetic variation within populations—through population genomics studies—appears feasible, although it remains an ongoing effort. Genetic variation arises from a diverse range of evolutionary forces, with mutation and recombination being key drivers in shaping genomes. Studying genetic variation within a population represents a crucial first step in understanding the relationship between genotype and phenotype and the evolutionary history of species. In this context, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been at the forefront of population genomic studies. In addition, it has a complex history that involves adaptation to a wide range of wild and human-related ecological niches. Although to date more than 3,000 diverse isolates have been sequenced, there is currently a lack of a resource bringing together sequencing data and associated metadata for all sequenced isolates. To perform a comprehensive analysis of the population structure of S. cerevisiae, we collected genome sequencing data from 3,034 natural isolates and processed the data uniformly. We determined ploidy levels, identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), small insertion–deletions (InDels), copy number variations (CNVs), and aneuploidies across the population, creating a publicly accessible resource for the yeast research community. Interestingly, we showed that this population captures ∼93% of the species diversity. Using neighbor-joining and Bayesian methods, we redefined the populations, revealing clustering patterns primarily based on ecological origin. This work represents a valuable resource for the community and efforts have been made to make it evolvable and integrable to future yeast population studies.