bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral motivation in early 18th century moral rationalism
Authors: Eggers Daniel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the modern debate in metaethics and moral psychology, moral rationalism is often presented as a view that cannot account for the intimate relation between moral behaviour on one hand and feelings, emotions, or desires on the other. Although there is no lack of references to the classic rationalists of the 18th century in the relevant discussions, the works of these writers are rarely ever examined detail. Yet, as the debate in Kant scholarship between “intellectualists” and “affectivists” impressively shows, a more thorough analysis of what the classic rationalists actually have to say about moral motivation is suited to cast serious doubts on the idea that moral rationalism must crucially neglect the affective–conative side of human psychology. The aim of this paper is to analyse the conceptions of moral motivation that were embraced by Kant's rationalist predecessors—Clarke, Wolff, Burnet, Balguy, and Price—which have not attracted a similar amount of attention by specialists so far. The claim I will defend is that none of those early rationalists actually embraces the motivational thesis that is often taken to be characteristic of moral rationalism, a thesis I shall refer to asstrong rationalism about (moral) motivation.
Role of ionic polarization and dielectric decrement in the estimation of surface potential of clay particles
Authors: Liu Xinmin , Tian Rui , Ding Wuquan , Wu Laosheng , Li Hang 
Published: February 2019

The surface potential of clay particles plays a pivotal role in soil mineral–water interfacial reactions. A new model to estimate surface potential was established taking into account dielectric decrement extracted from the Langevin equation and taking account of ion polarization under a strong electric field. The intensity of ion polarization was quantified through the effective charges of counterions, which are from 1 to 1.036 for Na+ and from 1 to 1.534 for Cs+ at the montmorillonite surface in aqueous solutions. The effective charges were overestimated because the dielectric decrement was disregarded. The surface potential decreases with increasing ion polarizability and dielectric constant. The clay–ion interaction energies were estimated from the effective charges of ions and surface potentials. We observed that the strong additional energies from ion polarization depended on the electron configuration of the counterions at charged surfaces, which not only results from the dispersion interactions, but also the strong induction interactions. The contributions of the latter to the total energy were much stronger than those of the dispersion interactions for Cs+. The strong electric field near the clay surface clearly enhanced the polarizability of Cs+. The energies of non‐valence electrons of ions at the charged surfaces were substantially understated in electrolyte solutions. The experimental adhesive forces between silica and mica surfaces in different cation species can be predicted correctly through the surface potential calculated using the new model.Highlights

A model to estimate surface potential was established considering ion polarization and dielectric decrement.
Ion polarizability at the clay surface was quantified in the presence of dielectric decrement.
The contributions of ion polarization and dielectric decrement to surface potential were quantified.
The dielectric decrement affects surface potential by influencing ion polarizability.
Starting ketamine for neuroprotection earlier than its current use as an anesthetic/antiepileptic drug late in refractory status epilepticus
Authors: Fujikawa Denson G. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryKetamine is currently being used as an anesthetic/antiepileptic drug in refractory status epilepticus. To validate its use, 2 clinical trials are recruiting patients. However, preclinical studies of its use in chemically induced status epilepticus in rodents have shown that it is remarkably neuroprotective, through N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate–receptor blockade, even when given after the onset of status epilepticus. Human studies have shown that status epilepticus–induced brain damage can be caused by a glutamate analogue and that it occurs in the same brain regions as in the animal studies. We therefore propose that ketamine be started early in the course of human status epilepticus as a neuroprotectant and that it be continued until epileptic discharges are eliminated. Using it as an anesthetic/antiepileptic drug late in the course of refractory status epilepticus only ensures that it is given after widespread brain damage has occurred.
Correction of pulmonary hypertension with intensive hemodialysis: A case report
Authors: Girsberger Michael , Thenganatt John , Chan Christopher T. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥25 mmHg is a common complication in hemodialysis occurring in up to 58% of patients. PH is classified according to its etiology. We report in a patient with severe PH of mixed etiology (connective tissue disease and left‐sided heart failure) who improved after initiation of intensive home hemodialysis. We postulated that the use of a frequent mode of hemodialysis may ameliorate PH via enhanced volume control. Thereby, an intensive hemodialysis schedule may be preferred renal replacement modality in this patient population.
Caring for aged people: The influence of personal resilience and workplace climate on ‘doing good’ and ‘feeling good’
Authors: McNeil Nicola , Bartram Timothy , Cregan Christina , Ellis Julie , Cooke Fang Lee 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThis study examines the impact of personal resilience on the well‐being of care workers and how perceptions of the quality of care provided and the social climate in the organization influences this relationship. We examine quality of patient care as both a mediating and outcome variable to better understand if ‘doing good’ (quality of care) leads to ‘feeling good’ (personal well‐being).BackgroundAs an ageing population and the care for the older people has become an increasing challenge to many societies, developing and retaining a professional care workforce through effective management is vital in providing care services.DesignA cross‐sectional regression design was used in the study.MethodsIn 2017 we surveyed care workers in 20 Australian aged care facilities. The sample consist of 194 usable questionnaires. Using regression techniques, we constructed an interaction term (resilience × social climate) and investigated its impact on well‐being (the outcome variable) and quality of care (the mediator variable).ResultsOur results reveal that quality of care is important as an outcome variable particularly in a supportive climate where high personal resilience positively influences quality of care. Quality of care is also important as a mediating variable as it provides a conduit through which high personal resilience fosters well‐being, especially in a supportive climate. Our results support the argument that ‘doing good’ leads to ‘feeling good’.ConclusionThese findings contribute to our appreciation of the important outcomes of resilience in the aged care context and its influence on perceived performance and carer well‐being.
Inhibition of the amino‐acid transporter LAT1 demonstrates anti‐neoplastic activity in medulloblastoma
Authors: Cormerais Yann , Pagnuzzi‐Boncompagni Marina , Schrötter Sandra , Giuliano Sandy , Tambutté Eric , Endou Hitoshi , Wempe Michael F. , Pagès Gilles , Pouysségur Jacques , Picco Vincent 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMost cases of medulloblastoma (MB) occur in young children. While the overall survival rate can be relatively high, current treatments combining surgery, chemo‐ and radiotherapy are very destructive for patient development and quality of life. Moreover, aggressive forms and recurrences of MB cannot be controlled by classical therapies. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches yielding good efficacy and low toxicity for healthy tissues are required to improve patient outcome. Cancer cells sustain their proliferation by optimizing their nutrient uptake capacities. The L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is an essential amino acid carrier overexpressed in aggressive human cancers that was described as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of JPH203, a LAT1‐specific pharmacological inhibitor, on two independent MB cell lines belonging to subgroups 3 (HD‐MB03) and Shh (DAOY). We show that while displaying low toxicity towards normal cerebral cells, JPH203 disrupts AA homeostasis, mTORC1 activity, proliferation and survival in MB cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that a long‐term treatment with JPH203 does not lead to resistance in MB cells. Therefore, this study suggests that targeting LAT1 with JPH203 is a promising therapeutic approach for MB treatment.
Predicting overall survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma using a three‐category method based on DNA methylation and machine learning
Authors: Dong Rui‐Zhao , Yang Xuan , Zhang Xin‐Yu , Gao Ping‐Ting , Ke Ai‐Wu , Sun Hui‐chuan , Zhou Jian , Fan Jia , Cai Jia‐bin , Shi Guo‐Ming 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely associated with abnormal DNA methylation. In this study, we analyzed 450K methylation chip data from 377 HCC samples and 50 adjacent normal samples in the TCGA database. We screened 47,099 differentially methylated sites using Cox regression as well as SVM‐RFE and FW‐SVM algorithms, and constructed a model using three risk categories to predict the overall survival based on 134 methylation sites. The model showed a 10‐fold cross‐validation score of 0.95 and satisfactory predictive power, and correctly classified 26 of 33 samples in testing set obtained by stratified sampling from high, intermediate and low risk groups.
Chemerin/ChemR23 axis promotes inflammation of glomerular endothelial cells in diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Shang Jin , Wang Luyao , Zhang Ya , Zhang Shiyi , Ning Lina , Zhao Jifang , Cheng Genyang , Liu Dong , Xiao Jing , Zhao Zhanzheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by inflammation of renal tissue. Glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) play an important role in inflammation and protein leakage in urine in DN patients. Chemerin and its receptor ChemR23 are inducers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of chemerin/ChemR23 in GEnCs of DN patients. Immunohistochemical staining and qRT‐PCR were used to measure the expression of chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors in renal tissues of DN patients. Db/db mice were used as animal model. ChemR23 of DN mice was knocked down by injecting LV3‐shRNA into tail vein. Inflammation, physiological and pathological changes in each group was measured. GEnCs were cultured as an in vitro model to study potential signalling pathways. Results showed that expression of chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors increased in DN patients and mice. LV3‐shRNA alleviated renal damage and inflammation in DN mice. GEnCs stimulated by glucose showed increased chemerin, ChemR23 and inflammatory factors and decreased endothelial marker CD31. Both LV3‐shRNA and SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) attenuated chemerin‐induced inflammation and injury in GEnCs. Taken together, chemerin/ChemR23 axis played an important role in endothelial injury and inflammation in DN via the p38 MAPK signalling pathway. Suppression of ChemR23 alleviated DN damage.
Effect of UV aging on translucency of currently used esthetic CAD‐CAM materials
Authors: Turgut Sedanur , Kılınç Hamiyet , Bağış Bora 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the relative translucency parameter (RTP) values of computer‐aided design (CAD)‐computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) materials after UV aging.Materials and methods70 specimens (n = 10) of Bruxzir Anterior (BA); E.max Cad (EC); Lava Ultimate (LU); Cerasmart (CE); Vita Enamic (VE); Vita Suprinity (VS); Vita Mark II (VM) were prepared (1 mm ± 0.01 mm). Color measurements were performed using a spectrofotometer (VITA Easyshade). RTP values of the specimens before (RTP1) and after UV aging (RTP2) were evaluated. Statistical analyses were done with repeated measurements of two‐way‐ANOVA with Bonferroni test (P < 0.05).ResultsEvaluating RTP1 and RTP2 values; significant differences were found (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between the RTP1 values of CE and VS (P = 0.779); EC and VM (P = 0.952); VM and LU (P = 0.995); EP and LU (P = 0.653). Evaluating RTP2 values; VE and BA were found significantly different from the others (P < 0.05). For all evaluated groups TP values decreased after UV aging (P < 0.05). The most RTP reduction was observed for LU; while VM and EC were less affected.ConclusionGlass ceramic VE showed the highest RTP and zirconia‐based BA was the most opaque restorative CAD‐CAM material. UV aging caused the CAD‐CAM materials get more opaque.Clinical significanceIn cases where translucency is needed chosing VE would give better esthetic results; while zirconia‐based BA should be used if more opaque restoration is needed. Clinicians should be aware of that restorations get more opaque after usage.
Serum Mac‐2‐binding protein glycosylation isomer and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in entecavir‐treated chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Mak Lung‐Yi , Ko Michael , To Elvis , Wong Danny Ka‐Ho , Ma Justin Hei‐Chun , Hui Teresa Lok‐Yee , Seto Wai‐Kay , Fung James , Lai Ching‐Lung , Yuen Man‐Fung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can still develop in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving antiviral treatment. Serum Mac‐2‐binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) is a novel marker for liver fibrosis. We investigated its role on incidence of HCC in entecavir (ETV)‐treated CHB patients.MethodsWe identified HCC cases diagnosed at ≥ 1 year of ETV treatment. CHB patients without HCC (matched for age, gender, baseline hepatitis B virus‐DNA, and duration of ETV treatment) were identified in approximately 1:2 ratio (HCC: non‐HCC) for comparison. Serum samples were retrieved at baseline (initiation of ETV), 3, and 5 years of ETV for serum M2BPGi measurement (expressed in cut‐off index [COI]).ResultsOne hundred HCC cases were matched with 185 CHB patients without HCC (median age 56.7 years, 78.9% male, baseline hepatitis B virus‐DNA 5.6 logIU/mL, and median follow‐up 7.1 years). Median time from ETV initiation to incident HCC was 3.9 years. Serum M2BPGi levels were significantly higher in HCC cases compared with controls at baseline and year 3 (1.25 vs 0.98 [P = 0.004], 0.89 vs 0.74 [P = 0.018] COI, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that baseline M2BPGi was the only independent factor associated with incident HCC (odds ratio 1.241, 95% confidence interval 1.039–1.482, P = 0.017). Using a cut‐off value of 1.15 COI, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of baseline serum M2BPGi in cirrhotic patients to predict incident HCC were 90%, 53.8%, 69.6%, and 82.1%, respectively.ConclusionsBaseline and 3‐year serum M2BPGi may be useful to identify high risk patients on antiviral treatment for subsequent HCC development.
Surgical perioperative pathways—Patient experiences of unmet needs show that a person‐centred approach is needed
Authors: Kaptain Kirsten , Ulsøe Marie‐Louise , Dreyer Pia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo explore patients’ and healthcare professionals’ experiences of patients’ surgical pathways in a perioperative setting.BackgroundElective surgical pathways have improved over the past decades due to fast‐track programmes, but patients desire more personalised and coordinated care and treatment. There is little knowledge of how healthcare professionals’ collaboration and communication affect patients’ pathways.DesignThe overall framework was complex intervention method. A phenomenological‐hermeneutic approach was used for data analyses. COREQ checklist was used as a guideline to secure accurate and complete reporting of the study.MethodsField observations (120 hr) and semi‐structured interviews (24 patients) were undertaken during 2016–2017. Healthcare professionals involved in the pathways were interviewed: (a) 13 single interviews and (b) 13 focus group interviews (37 healthcare professionals) were conducted. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used.ResultsPatients asked for individualised information adapted to their life and illness experiences. Furthermore, healthcare professionals need access to a quick overview of individual patients and their perioperative pathway in the electronic patient journal (EPJ). Agreements made with patients did not always reach the right receiver, there was poor interpersonal communication and the complex teamwork between many healthcare professionals made pathways incoherent and uncoordinated. Healthcare professionals who had the time to talk about other subjects than the disease with smiles and good humour gave patients a feeling of security.ConclusionPatients wanted to be treated as individuals, but often they received standard treatment. Healthcare professionals had the intention of treating patients individually, but the EPJ and information provided to patients were not easy to access.Relevance to clinical practiceVisible information about the patient's whole pathway could improve healthcare professionals’ care and treatment. In addition, systematic feedback from patients’ could make it possible to adjust information, care and treatment to achieve a more coherent pathway. Particular attention needs to be paid to how electronic healthcare systems can underpin relational coordination in pathways.
Nursing people with intellectual disability and dementia experiencing pain: An integrative review
Authors: Dillane Imelda , Doody Owen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore the current evidence of nurses caring for people with intellectual disability and dementia who experience pain.BackgroundPeople with intellectual disability are ageing and are experiencing age‐related health conditions including dementia and conditions associated with pain, but at an earlier age. Addressing the needs of people with intellectual disability who develop dementia is a new challenge for nurses.DesignAn integrative literature review.MethodsA systematic search of databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, EMBASE, Academic Search Complete, Scopus and Web of Science between 27 October 2017–7 November 2017. Hand searching and review of secondary references were also undertaken. Quality appraisal (Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool), thematic data analysis (Braun and Clarke, Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 2006, 77) and reporting using the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsSeven papers met the inclusion criteria, and three themes emerged from this review: nurses knowledge of ageing, dementia and pain; recognising pain in people with intellectual disability and dementia; and the role of nurse education. People with intellectual disability and dementia have difficulty communicating their pain experience compounded by pre‐existing communication difficulties.ConclusionsA pain experience can present similar to behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia, and diagnostic overshadowing often occurs whereby a pain need is misinterpreted as behavioural and psychological symptoms resulting in inappropriate treatment. Nurses need greater knowledge about the presence of pain and potential causes in people with intellectual disability and dementia, and education can be effective in addressing this knowledge deficit.Relevance to clinical practicePain assessment tools for people with intellectual disability and dementia need to include behavioural elements, and baseline assessments are required to identify changes in presentation. Nurses need to recognise and respond to pain based on the evidence in order to deliver quality care.
Optimal Contracting, Corporate Finance, and Valuation with Inalienable Human Capital
Authors: BOLTON PATRICK , WANG NENG , YANG JINQIANG 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTA risk‐averse entrepreneur with access to a profitable venture needs to raise funds from investors. She cannot indefinitely commit her human capital to the venture, which limits the firm's debt capacity, distorts investment and compensation, and constrains the entrepreneur's risk sharing. This puts dynamic liquidity and state‐contingent risk allocation at the center of corporate financial management. The firm balances mean‐variance investment efficiency and the preservation of financial slack. We show that in general the entrepreneur's net worth is overexposed to idiosyncratic risk and underexposed to systematic risk. These distortions are greater the closer the firm is to exhausting its debt capacity.
Managing care for people with diabetes undergoing dialysis
Authors: Gregory Sarah , Jenkins Karen 
Published: February 2019

SUMMARYBackgroundCaring for patients with diabetes undergoing dialysis often proves challenging for staff working in haemodialysis units as they are not experts in diabetes and unfamiliar with insulin dosing regimens and the impact dialysis can have on blood sugar levels and lifestyle adjustment. There is a need to improve the knowledge base of renal healthcare professionals to better understand the physiology of diabetes, its relationship with end stage kidney disease, and potential changes that can take place when commencing dialysis.ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of the epidemiology of diabetes, associated risk factors, and complications associated with combined kidney disease & diabetes. In addition, readers will learn about the impact of dialysis on this complex patient group; adjustments which need to be made to accommodate haemodialysis schedules e.g. timing of meals and insulin requirements; treatment time including travel; the monitoring of blood glucose levels: increased risk of hypoglycaemia; review of oral glycaemic medication and the need to maintain regular health checks and contact with diabetes teams.Recommendations for practiceSpecialist evidence based guidelines for the management of patients with diabetes receiving haemodialysis are readily available and can be used to support clinical practice. One of the key components to improving the patient experience is to maintain collaborative working relationship between renal and diabetes teams.Learning outcomesAfter reading this paper the reader will be able to

Understand the risk factors and complications of diabetes and relate to patients in their care
Critically review the management of patients undergoing dialysis with diabetes
Gain knowledge and understanding of changes in the dosing of insulin needed for patients receiving dialysis
Understand how clinical guidelines can be applied in practice