bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes after cricotracheal resection for idiopathic subglottic stenosis
Authors: Carpenter Patrick S. , Pierce Jenny L. , Smith Marshall E. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectivesIdiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is a rare disease in which patients develop airway narrowing and dyspnea from relapsing subglottic and tracheal granulation and scar tissue that narrows the airway. Definitive management has involved surgical resection and reconstruction of the subglottis and trachea. However, treatment options remain highly variable at different institutions. Here, we present our outcomes and experience after cricotracheal resection (CTR) for iSGS at a high‐volume tertiary care center.MethodsA review of one surgeon's experience with a population of iSGS patients who underwent CTR between the years 1999 and 2017. The diagnosis of iSGS was one of exclusion and was based on history and microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy exams. Recurrence of subglottic stenosis was evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival estimate analysis.ResultsSixty‐one patients met criteria for iSGS and underwent CTR. Our population was 97% female and had an average of 4.3 balloon dilations prior to CTR. Mean follow‐up time after CTR was 7.14 years. Eight (13%) patients developed recurrence of subglottic stenosis after CTR. Mean and median time to recurrence after CTR was 12.5 years and 14.1 years, respectively.ConclusionCricotracheal resection is associated with a small, long‐term recurrence rate of stenosis. It remains an important option for individuals with refractory iSGS. It may be reasonable to consider early CTR in the management of certain patients with iSGS. Further research should investigate risk factors that predispose patients to recurrence after CTR.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2268–2272, 2018
Is weight a predictive risk factor of postoperative tonsillectomy bleed?
Authors: Ordemann Allison G. , Hartzog Anna Jade , Seals Samantha R. , Spankovich Christopher , Stringer Scott P. 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo determine if a correlation exists between weight‐for‐age percentile and post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage in the pediatric population.Study DesignRetrospective study.Methods1418 patients under the age of 15 who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy at a tertiary children's hospital between June 2012 and March 2015 were included in this retrospective study. Patient demographic information, operative and postoperative variables, as well as category and day of postoperative tonsillectomy bleed, if one occurred, were recorded. Fisher's exact and ordinal logistic regression analyses were performed on the full cohort.ResultsThe overall post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage prevalence was found to be 2.2%, with primary and secondary rates of 0.78% and 1.34%, respectively. Weight‐for‐age percentile, sex, indication for or method of tonsillectomy, or postoperative use of NSAIDs, antibiotics or narcotics were not significantly associated with post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage. There was a significant relationship between postoperative use of dexamethasone and higher rate of Category 3 post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage (P = .028).ConclusionThe post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage rate in our study is consistent with that cited in the literature. No correlation was demonstrated between weight‐for‐age percentile and occurrence of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage. Postoperative administration of dexamethasone was associated with a significant increased rate of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage requiring surgical intervention, a novel finding.Level of Evidence4
LASER treatment for women with high‐grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia: A propensity‐matched analysis on the efficacy of ablative versus excisional procedures
Authors: Bogani Giorgio , Ditto Antonino , Martinelli Fabio , Mosca Lavinia , Chiappa Valentina , Rossetti Diego , Leone Roberti Maggiore Umberto , Sabatucci Ilaria , Lorusso Domenica , Raspagliesi Francesco 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the long‐term effectiveness of LASER treatment in women affected by high‐grade vaginal intra‐epithelial neoplasia.MethodsData of consecutive women treated for high‐grade vaginal intra‐epithelial neoplasia were retrieved. Efficacy and long‐term effectiveness of ablative and excisional procedures were tested using a propensity‐matched algorithm. Risk of recurrence over the time was assessed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox models.ResultsOverall, 204 patients met the inclusion criteria. LASER ablation and exicision were performed in 169 (82.8%) and 35 (17.2%) patients. A total of 41 (20%) patients developed high‐grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia at a median follow‐up of 65 (range, 6–120) months. We observed that only HPV persistence (HR: 2.37 [95%CI:1.03, 5.42]; P = 0.04) was associated with the risk of recurrence at multivariate analysis. Seven (3.4%) invasive cancers of the lower genital tract were observed in our population. Considering the efficacy of type of procedure (after we applied the propensity‐matched analysis), we observed that type of procedure did not influence persistence of HPV infection (22.8% after excision and 15.7% after ablation; P = 0.424). Similarly, recurrence (17.1% vs. 18.6%; P = 1.00) and lower genital tract (2.8% vs. 1.4%; P = 1.00) rates were similar between groups.ConclusionsWomen affected by high‐grade vaginal intra‐epithelial neoplasia are at high risk of recurrence. LASER ablation seems to be equivalent to excision in term of long‐term effectiveness. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:933–939, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An “Off‐the‐Shelf” Shape Memory Hydrogel Based on the Dynamic Borax‐Diol Ester Bonds
Authors: Zhang Yu‐chong , Le Xiao‐xia , Lu Wei , Jian Yu‐kun , Zhang Jia‐wei , Chen Tao 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn “off‐the‐shelf” hydrogel with high‐efficiency shape memory property is designed on the basis of the dynamic borax‐diol chemistry. The system is facilely prepared from only several unmodified commercially available components: acrylamide (AAm), bis‐acrylamide (Bis), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and borax. The chemically crosslinked poly(acrylamide) network works to fix the permanent shapes of the hydrogel, while the dynamic PVA–borax boronate ester bonds serve as the reversible crosslinks to memorize the deformed temporary shapes. Retreatment of the hydrogel in acid/glucose solutions dissipates the PVA–borax ester bonds to recover its permanent shape. Because of the highly invertible nature of borax‐diol chemistry, the developed hydrogel system is characterized by high shape memory/recovery ratios, continuously adjusted shape memory/recovery rates, thus having a wealth of potential applications.
Seed‐Surface Grafting Precipitation Polymerization for Preparing Microsized Optically Active Helical Polymer Core/Shell Particles and Their Application in Enantioselective Crystallization
Authors: Zhao Biao , Lin Jiangfeng , Deng Jianping , Liu Dong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCore/shell particles constructed by polymer shell and silica core have constituted a significant category of advanced functional materials. However, constructing microsized optically active helical polymer core/shell particles still remains as a big academic challenge due to the lack of effective and universal preparation methods. In this study, a seed‐surface grafting precipitation polymerization (SSGPP) strategy is developed for preparing microsized core/shell particles with SiO2 as core on which helically substituted polyacetylene is covalently bonded as shell. The resulting core/shell particles exhibit fascinating optical activity and efficiently induce enantioselective crystallization of racemic threonine. Taking advantage of the preparation strategy, novel achiral polymeric and hybrid core/shell particles are also expected.
The genetic nomenclature of recessive cerebellar ataxias
Authors: Rossi Malco , Anheim Mathieu , Durr Alexandra , Klein Christine , Koenig Michel , Synofzik Matthis , Marras Connie , van de Warrenburg Bart P. ,   on behalf of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Classification and Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe recessive cerebellar ataxias are a large group of degenerative and metabolic disorders, the diagnostic management of which is difficult because of the enormous clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Because of several limitations, the current classification systems provide insufficient guidance for clinicians and researchers. Here, we propose a new nomenclature for the genetically confirmed recessive cerebellar ataxias according to the principles and criteria laid down by the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Classification and Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders. We apply stringent criteria for considering an association between gene and phenotype to be established. The newly proposed list of recessively inherited cerebellar ataxias includes 62 disorders that were assigned an ATX prefix, followed by the gene name, because these typically present with ataxia as a predominant and/or consistent feature. An additional 30 disorders that often combine ataxia with a predominant or consistent other movement disorder received a double prefix (e.g., ATX/HSP). We also identified a group of 89 entities that usually present with complex nonataxia phenotypes, but may occasionally present with cerebellar ataxia. These are listed separately without the ATX prefix. This new, transparent and adaptable nomenclature of the recessive cerebellar ataxias will facilitate the clinical recognition of recessive ataxias, guide diagnostic testing in ataxia patients, and help in interpreting genetic findings. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Egg Yolk Provides Th2 Adjuvant Stimuli and Promotes Sensitization to Egg White Allergens in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Pablos‐Tanarro Alba , Lozano‐Ojalvo Daniel , Martínez‐Blanco Mónica , Molina Elena , López‐Fandiño Rosina 
Published: May 2018

ScopeEgg is the second most frequent source of allergic reactions in children. Egg yolk (EY) amounts to one‐third in weight of a fresh whole egg, but its contribution to egg allergy has not been investigated in depth. This study assesses whether EY influences the capacity of egg white (EW) to sensitize and trigger allergic responses.Methods and resultsBALB/c mice were exposed to EW, EY, and their mixture, using models of orally (with and without adjuvant) and adjuvant‐free intraperitoneally induced allergy. In vitro assays were also conducted to examine epithelial and dendritic cell (DC) functions. Results showed that EY played a role during the sensitizing phase of allergy. EY exerted local Th2‐biasing effects through the upregulation of intestinal IL‐33 expression and it also favored Th2 polarization directly during DC presentation of allergens to T cells.ConclusionThe results obtained reveal that EY provides Th2‐adjuvant stimuli to the immune system that may increase the susceptibility to develop egg allergy. The joint administration of EW and EY may be a trigger for initiation or maintenance of egg allergy with implications in prevention strategies regarding egg introduction in the diet of susceptible children.
Rapid and quantitative chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging with magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF)
Authors: Cohen Ouri , Huang Shuning , McMahon Michael T. , Rosen Matthew S. , Farrar Christian T. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeTo develop a fast magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) method for quantitative chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging.MethodsWe implemented a CEST‐MRF method to quantify the chemical exchange rate and volume fraction of the Nα‐amine protons of L‐arginine (L‐Arg) phantoms and the amide and semi‐solid exchangeable protons of in vivo rat brain tissue. L‐Arg phantoms were made with different concentrations (25–100 mM) and pH (pH 4–6). The MRF acquisition schedule varied the saturation power randomly for 30 iterations (phantom: 0–6 μT; in vivo: 0–4 μT) with a total acquisition time of ≤2 min. The signal trajectories were pattern‐matched to a large dictionary of signal trajectories simulated using the Bloch‐McConnell equations for different combinations of exchange rate, exchangeable proton volume fraction, and water T1 and T2 relaxation times.ResultsThe chemical exchange rates of the Nα‐amine protons of L‐Arg were significantly (P < 0.0001) correlated with the rates measured with the quantitation of exchange using saturation power method. Similarly, the L‐Arg concentrations determined using MRF were significantly (P < 0.0001) correlated with the known concentrations. The pH dependence of the exchange rate was well fit (R2 = 0.9186) by a base catalyzed exchange model. The amide proton exchange rate measured in rat brain cortex (34.8 ± 11.7 Hz) was in good agreement with that measured previously with the water exchange spectroscopy method (28.6 ± 7.4 Hz). The semi‐solid proton volume fraction was elevated in white (12.2 ± 1.7%) compared to gray (8.1 ± 1.1%) matter brain regions in agreement with previous magnetization transfer studies.ConclusionCEST‐MRF provides a method for fast, quantitative CEST imaging.
Lower Lethal Temperatures for Nonnative Freshwater Fishes in Everglades National Park, Florida
Authors: Schofield Pamela J. , Kline Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Temperature is an important factor that shapes biogeography and species composition. In southern Florida, the tolerance of nonnative freshwater fishes to low temperatures is a critical factor in delineating their geographic spread. In this study, we provide empirical information on experimentally derived low-temperature tolerance limits of Banded Cichlid Heros severus and Spotfin Spiny Eel Macrognathus siamensis, two nonnative Everglades fishes that were lacking data, and African Jewelfish Hemichromis letourneuxi and Mayan Cichlid Cichlasoma urophthalmus, species for which previous results were derived from studies with small sample sizes. We also provide a literature review summarizing the current state of knowledge of low-temperature tolerances for all 17 nonnative freshwater fishes that have been found in Everglades National Park. Mean lower lethal temperature tolerances ranged from 4°C (Orinoco Sailfin Catfish Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus) to 16.1°C (Butterfly Peacock Bass Cichla ocellaris). These low-temperature limits may inform the understanding of the ecological role or influence of nonnative fishes and may lead to potential management opportunities and applications.
A prospective “bottom up” study of the costs of faecal incontinence in ambulatory patients
Authors: Patton Vicki , Parkin Katrina , Moore Kate H. 
Published: May 2018

Background and AimThe few studies that have examined direct costs of faecal incontinence are limited in that they employed retrospective databases, postal surveys, and focused upon institutionalised patients or post partum women. The aim of the current study was to identify the direct pre‐treatment costs of faecal incontinence expended by a range of home dwelling patients and identify relationships between costs and severity of incontinence.MethodsConsecutive patients attending an outpatient clinic for treatment of faecal incontinence were interviewed using a questionnaire, modeled on the Dowel Bryant Incontinence Cost Index. The information collected included costs of: (i) basic personal hygiene: pads, laundry, wipes, cleansers; (ii) medication: loperamide, creams and stool bulking agents; and (iii) diagnostic: medical attendance, anorectal physiology, colonoscopy. Costs were broken down into personal expenses, government costs, and costs to health funds. A St Mark's Faecal Incontinence Severity Score was recorded.ResultsA total of 100 consecutive patients consented (15 males, 85 females) mean age 70.8 (SD12) years. Mean St Mark's score was 12 (SD4.5). The median total patient cost was $437.72 AUD (range 0‐2807) per annum. Government costs were $537AUD (range 135‐1657), and health fund median $0 AUD (0‐1628). Incontinence severity correlated with personal expense only median $283.75AUD (range 0‐2350). The aged were more incontinent but costs did not increase in relation to age.ConclusionFaecal incontinence results in a substantial financial burden for both patients and Government. Effective treatments which relieve the financial burden of faecal incontinence, are likely to be economically advantageous into the future for both patients and Government.
Integrating the DNA damage and protein stress responses during cancer development and treatment
Authors: Gorgoulis Vassilis G , Pefani Dafni‐Eleftheria , Pateras Ioannis S , Trougakos Ioannis P 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDuring evolution, cells have developed a wide spectrum of stress response modules to ensure homeostasis. The genome and proteome damage response pathways constitute the pillars of this interwoven ‘defensive’ network. Consequently, the deregulation of these pathways correlates with ageing and various pathophysiological states, including cancer. In the present review, we highlight: (1) the structure of the genome and proteome damage response pathways; (2) their functional crosstalk; and (3) the conditions under which they predispose to cancer. Within this context, we emphasize the role of oncogene‐induced DNA damage as a driving force that shapes the cellular landscape for the emergence of the various hallmarks of cancer. We also discuss potential means to exploit key cancer‐related alterations of the genome and proteome damage response pathways in order to develop novel efficient therapeutic modalities. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Highly renewable, thermoplastic tetrapolyesters based on hydroquinone,p‐hydroxybenzoic acid or its derivatives, phloretic acid, and dodecanedioic acid
Authors: Bloom Michael E. , Vicentin Jeferson , Honeycutt Daniel S. , Marsico Joseph M. , Geraci Tullio S. , Miri Massoud J. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTA series of tetrapolyesters were obtained by polymerizing phloretic acid, hydroquinone,p‐hydroxybenzoic acid, or its derivatives, that is, vanillic acid or syringic acid, and dodecanedioic acid. Each monomer was polymerized in its acetylated form, except for the diacid to undergo polymerization by acidolysis. Initial polymerizations had shown that the use of phloretic acid resulted in better polymer properties than withp‐coumaric acid. The predominantly renewable polymers were obtained by melt polymerization using a two‐stage condensation process whereby antimony(III) oxide was applied as catalyst. Monomer conversions were typically close to 90%.1H and13C NMR, DSC, TGA, solution viscometry, and GPC were applied, as well as polarized microscopy to determine polymer microstructure and composition, transition temperatures, decomposition temperatures, intrinsic viscosities, and other molecular weight properties, and when applicable the liquid crystalline behavior of the polymers. All peaks, including end group peaks in the13C NMR spectra were assigned, the monomer sequence distribution was verified to be random, and a complete dyad analysis involving nine dyads and eight peaks was performed. By usingp‐hydroxybenzoic acid and its derivatives without any, one or two methoxy groups and varying the copolymer compositions, melting temperatures could be tuned between 106 and 181 °C. The tetrapolyesters, which included residues ofp‐hydroxybenzoic acid, formed nematic liquid crystals. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2018,56, 1498–1507
Supramolecular complexes of poly(3‐Hexylthiophene)‐block (and random)‐poly[3‐(2‐(6‐carboxyhexyl)methyl)thiophene] copolymers with perylene bisimide
Authors: Shinde Shekhar , Vijayan Raaghesh , Narayan K. S. , Asha S. K. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTBlock and random copolymers of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) and poly[3‐(2‐(6‐carboxyhexyl)methyl)thiophene] with side‐chain carboxylic functionality ((P3HT‐b‐P3COOH) and (P3HT‐r‐P3COOH) were developed by Grignard Metathesis (GRIM) polymerization. The carboxylic functionality was introduced in the side chain via the oxazoline route. Both the block and random polythiophene copolymers were complexed with pyridine functionalized perylene bisimide to obtain supramolecular block and random polymer complexes. The complex formation in both systems was confirmed by 1H NMR, WXRD and SAXS studies. An expansion of d spacing upon complex formation was observed in both the block and random copolymer, which could be traced by WXRD. Hole and electron mobilities measured for the supramolecular complexes indicated values which were higher by an order of magnitude for the supramolecular block complex (μh ≈ 2.9 × 10−4 cm2/Vs; μe ≈ 3.1 × 10−6 cm2/Vs) as compared to the random (μh ≈ 1.4 × 10−5 cm2/Vs; μe ≈ 4.7 × 10−7 cm2/Vs) copolymer. These results are indicative of the higher degree of disorder prevailing in the films of random copolymer system compared to the block copolymer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1574–1583
Gender role conflict, emotional approach coping, self‐compassion, and distress in prostate cancer patients: A model of direct and moderating effects
Authors: Lennon Jennifer , Hevey David , Kinsella Louise 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveGender role conflict or the negative consequences of male socialization may compromise men's adjustment to prostate cancer by shaping how patients perceive and cope with their illness. Given mixed findings regarding how gender role conflict interacts with emotional approach coping to regulate distress in prostate cancer patients, the present study examined the effects of emotional approach coping, when considered alongside self‐compassion, the ability to be kind and understanding of oneself.MethodNinety‐two prostate cancer patients completed questionnaires measuring gender role conflict, emotional approach coping, self‐compassion, and distress. A moderated mediation model was tested, where emotional approach coping mediated the path between gender role conflict and distress and self‐compassion moderated paths between (1) gender role conflict and emotional approach coping, and (2) gender role conflict and distress.ResultsResults partially supported this model with all study variables predicting distress in the expected directions. Emotional approach coping did not mediate associations between gender role conflict and distress; however, self‐compassion did moderate the pathway between these variables.ConclusionResults indicated that higher levels of self‐compassion might protect men from distress related to emasculating aspects of the cancer experience. Further investigation is required to understand how self‐compassion interacts with emotionality and subsequently influences distress in prostate cancer patients. To better understand the effectiveness of emotional approach coping in reducing distress in prostate cancer patients, it is recommended that future research accounts for the receptiveness of social environments to men's emotional displays.