bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression and Anxiety in Heart Failure: A Review
Authors: Celano Christopher M. , Villegas Ana C. , Albanese Ariana M. , Gaggin Hanna K. , Huffman Jeff C. 
Published: July 2018

Learning objectives
After participating in this activity, learners should be better able to:
• Identify the relationships between depression, anxiety, and heart failure (HF).
• Assess methods for accurately diagnosing depression and anxiety disorders in patients with HF.
• Evaluate current evidence for treatment of anxiety and depression in patients with HF.

Background
In patients with heart failure (HF), depression and anxiety disorders are common and associated with adverse outcomes such as reduced adherence to treatment, poor function, increased hospitalizations, and elevated mortality. Despite the adverse impact of these disorders, anxiety and depression remain underdiagnosed and undertreated in HF patients.

Methods
We performed a targeted literature review to (1) identify associations between depression, anxiety, and HF, (2) examine mechanisms mediating relationships between these conditions and medical outcomes, (3) identify methods for accurately diagnosing depression and anxiety disorders in HF, and (4) review current evidence for treatments of these conditions in this population.

Results
Both depression and anxiety disorders are associated with the development and progression of HF, including increased rates of mortality, likely mediated through both physiologic and behavioral mechanisms. Given the overlap between cardiac and psychiatric symptoms, accurately diagnosing depression or anxiety disorders in HF patients can be challenging. Adherence to formal diagnostic criteria and utilization of a clinical interview are the best courses of action in the evaluation process. There is limited evidence for the efficacy of pharmacologic and psychotherapy in patients with HF. However, cognitive-behavioral therapy has been shown to improve mental health outcomes in patients with HF, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors appear safe in this cohort.

Conclusions
Depression and anxiety disorders in HF patients are common, underrecognized, and linked to adverse outcomes. Further research to improve detection and develop effective treatments for these disorders in HF patients is badly needed.
Compassion and Loving-Kindness Meditation: An Overview and Prospects for the Application in Clinical Samples
Authors: Graser Johannes , Stangier Ulrich 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesThis article presents a brief overview of the empirical evidence of well-established mindfulness interventions and an in-depth review of less-established compassion-based interventions (CBIs) and loving-kindness meditation (LKM). Definitions, cognitive and physiological mechanisms, and methods of assessment are discussed.MethodA literature review using the databases Google Scholar, PsycINFO, and PubMed was conducted.ResultsWhereas the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has been documented in many trials, only seven randomized, controlled trials have been completed on CBIs and LKM. In these trials, CBIs were effective in treating psychotic disorders, affective disorders with psychotic features, major depressive disorder, eating disorders, and patients with suicide attempts in the past year; LKM was effective in treating chronic pain; and a combination of both was effective for borderline personality disorder. A larger number of nonrandomized studies indicate that CBIs and LKM may be effective in treating a wide range of clinical conditions, including depression, anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and posttraumatic stress disorder.ConclusionsFurther studies are needed to confirm the promising effects of CBIs and LKM. Preliminary evidence suggests that both approaches might be beneficial across various clinical populations. Future studies need to clarify whether these approaches might be options as stand-alone treatments or as adjuncts or augmentation of evidence-based methods in psychotherapy.
CHOROIDAL THICKNESS, VASCULAR FACTORS, AND AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION
Authors: Gattoussi Sarra , Cougnard-Grégoire Audrey , Korobelnik Jean-François , Rougier Marie-Bénédicte , Delyfer Marie-Noëlle , Schweitzer Cédric , Le Goff Mélanie , Merle Bénédicte M.J. , Dartigues Jean-François , Delcourt Cécile 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
To study the associations of subfoveal choroidal thickness with vascular risk factors and age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
Two hundred sixty-one participants of the Alienor study had gradable enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography scans of the macula and available data on vascular and genetic risk factors (assessed through face-to-face interview and fasting blood samples) and age-related macular degeneration status (assessed from retinal photographs and optical coherence tomography). Subfoveal choroidal thickness was measured manually on one horizontal scan passing through the fovea.

Results:
In a multivariate mixed linear model, subfoveal choroidal thickness was independently associated with age greater than 80 years (−21.77 μm, P = 0.02), axial length (−21.77 μm, P < 0.0001), heavy smoking (≥20 pack-years: −24.89 μm, P = 0.05), fasting blood glucose higher than 7 mmol/L (−53.17 μm, P = 0.02), and lipid-lowering treatment (+18.23, P = 0.047). After multivariate adjustment for age, sex, axial length, and vascular and genetic risk factors, subfoveal choroidal thickness was thinner in eyes with central hyperpigmentation (−45.39 μm, P = 0.006), central hypopigmentation (−44.99 μm, P = 0.001), and central pigmentary abnormalities (−44.50 μm, P = 0.001), but not in eyes with late age-related macular degeneration (−18.05 μm, P = 0.33) or soft drusen.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate a relationship between vascular risk factors and choroidal thinning and suggest an early involvement of the choroid in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration.
MACULAR HOLE ASSOCIATED WITH TOXOPLASMOSIS: A SURGICAL CASE SERIES
Authors: Sousa David Cordeiro , Andrade Gabriel Costa de , Nascimento Heloísa , Maia André , Muccioli Cristina 
Published: July 2018

Purpose:
There are currently limited data addressing the surgical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in toxoplasmosis-related macular hole (tMH). We aim to report and discuss safety and efficacy of PPV for tMH.

Methods:
Surgical case series (n = 11), with minimum postoperative follow-up time of 6 months. Consecutive patients who underwent PPV for tMH from 2013 to 2016 were included. Indications for surgery were: visual acuity ≥ 0.6 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Snellen 20/80 or less), no intraocular inflammation for more than 6 months, extrafoveal toxoplasmosis scar, elevated tMH borders on optical coherence tomography, and patient agreement with surgery. Surgery was performed—PPV with epiretinal (if present) and internal limiting membrane peeling. Safety and efficacy of PPV for tMH were addressed by evaluating: 1) surgery-related complications and 2) visual acuity improvement.

Results:
A total of 11 patients (6 male), with a mean age of 33.2 ± 11.0 years were studied. Mean preoperative best-corrected visual acuity significantly improved from 1.10 ± 0.24 (Snellen 20/252) to 0.43 ± 0.18 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (Snellen 20/54) at last follow-up visit (P < 0.01). The rate of visual acuity improvement (i.e., a gain of at least three lines) and tMH closure was 100% for both. The only reported surgery-related complication was cataract in one case.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that PPV is a safe and effective option in tMH cases. A controlled, longitudinal study would contribute to confirm these findings.
A Novel Approach for Therapeutic Delivery to the Rodent Pancreas Via Its Arterial Blood Supply
Authors: Choi Jeff , Wang Jing , Ren Gang , Thakor Avnesh S. 
Published: July 2018

Objectives
Endovascular techniques can now access the arterial blood supply of the pancreas in humans to enable therapeutics to reach the gland in high concentrations while concurrently avoiding issues related to non-targeted delivery. However, there is no way to replicate this in small animals. In a rat model, we therefore developed a novel non-terminal technique to deliver therapeutics to different regions of the pancreas, via its arterial blood supply.

Methods
In female Wistar rats, selective branches of the celiac artery were temporarily ligated, depending on the region of the pancreas being targeted. Trypan blue dye was then administered as a surrogate marker for a therapeutic agent, via the celiac artery, and its staining/distribution throughout the pancreas determined. Postoperatively, animals were monitored daily, and serum was evaluated for markers of pancreatitis, liver, and metabolic function.

Results
Using this technique, we could selectively target the head, body/tail, or entire gland of the pancreas, via its arterial blood supply, with minimal nontarget staining. Following the procedure, all animals recovered with no evidence of pancreatitis or liver/metabolic dysfunction.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates a novel technique that can be used to selectively deliver therapeutics directly to the rat pancreas in a safe manner with full recovery of the animal.
Medication Administration Errors
Authors: Salami Ibrahim , Subih Maha , Darwish Rima , Al-Jbarat Muntaha , Saleh Zyad , Maharmeh Mahmoud , Alasad Jafar , Al-Amer Rasmieh 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Medication administration errors (MAEs) have short- and long-term implications on patients' health as well as on hospitals' accreditation and financial status.

Purpose:
The purpose was to explore Jordanian nurses' perceptions about MAEs.

Methods:
A cross-sectional design was used with a convenience sample of 470 nurses.

Results:
The most common types of MAEs were wrong time (32.6%) and wrong patient (30.5%). In addition, night shifts accounted for 42.9% of MAEs; the factor that contributed the most to MAEs was workload.

Conclusion:
Developing effective quality assurance programs in relation to medications and medication administration in all Jordanian health care settings is vital to ensure patient safety. Nursing educators in clinical and academic settings need to reinforce the importance of medication rights as well as medication calculation. A distraction-free zone should be created and reinforced in all medication rooms.
Quality of Pediatric Emergency Care as Assessed by Children and Their Parents
Authors: Janhunen Katja , Kankkunen Päivi , Kvist Tarja 
Published: July 2018

Background:Pediatric patients comprise a large user group for emergency services. However, few studies have concerned the views of children and parents on emergency care.Purpose:To describe and compare assessments of the quality of pediatric emergency care by children and their parents.Methods:Ninety-eight children and their parents from 4 emergency departments participated in the survey. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods and logistic regression analysis.Results:Participants considered emergency care of high quality. Although children and parents gave similar assessments, children gave lower scores than parents on children's ability to participate in care and private discussions with emergency staff. The predicting factors for children's and their parents' satisfaction with emergency department care were the parents' vocational degree and fewer visits of the child to the emergency department within the current year.Conclusions:Pediatric emergency care should focus on innovative ways of improving children's involvement in their care.
Implementation Strategies to Improve Evidence-Based Bathing Practices in a Neuro ICU
Authors: Reynolds Staci Sue , Sova Chris , McNalty Bridget , Lambert Suzanne , Granger Bradi 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Evidence supports daily bathing using chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) cloths to decrease preventable hospital-acquired central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). However, implementation of this practice is inconsistent. Using multifaceted strategies to promote implementation is supported in the literature, yet there is a gap in knowing which strategies are most successful.

Purpose:
Using the Grol and Wensing Model of Implementation as a guide, the purpose of this study was to determine whether using tailored, multifaceted strategies would improve implementation of daily CHG bathing and decrease CLABSIs in a large neuro ICU.

Methods:
An observational pre-/postdesign was used.

Results:
Following implementation, infection rates decreased (P = .031). Statistically significant improvements were also seen across all process measures: bathing documentation, nursing knowledge, and perceived importance of CHG bathing.

Conclusions:
This study assists in closing the research-practice gap by using tailored, multifaceted implementation strategies to increase use of evidence-based nursing care for infection prevention practices.
Palliative Care Consultation Policy Change and Its Effect on Nurses' Moral Distress in an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Bosshardt Maribeth H. , Coyne Patrick J. , Marsden Justin , Su Zemin , Melvin Cathy L. 
Published: July 2018

Moral distress affects workplace environment, burnout, employee retention, and patient safety. Palliative care is frequently involved in complex care for patients that may cause moral distress among staff. The goal of this study was to measure change in moral distress among nurses after implementation of a policy that allows nurses to consult palliative care. Before the policy change, data were gathered via email using the Moral Distress Scale-Revised. The scale was redistributed 6 months after implementation of the consult policy. Pre and post Moral Distress Scale-Revised results were analyzed. Qualitative thematic analyses of the nurses' comments were conducted.
A significantly lower percentage of nurses reported providing care for a hopelessly ill patient frequently or very frequently (34.6% vs 23.1%, P = .0397) after the policy change. However, a significantly higher percentage of nurses postpolicy reported frequently or very frequently providing less-than-optimal care because of pressures from administrators/insurers (14.4% vs 21.1%, P = .0378), caring for patients they did not feel qualified to care for (5.3% vs 14.8%, P = .0055), and working with providers who were not competent to care for the patient (13.9% vs 26.9%, P = .0059). Themes from nurses' comments were inadequate staffing, communication, ethical concerns, and lack of education.
Local Health Departments' Engagement in Addressing Health Disparities: The Effect of Health Informatics
Authors: Shah Gulzar H. , Mase William A. , Waterfield Kristie C. 
Published: July 2018

Context:
Health disparities and health inequities can lead to poor health outcomes. However, health disparities continue to persist in communities across the United States, presenting a crucial public health challenge. Persisting budget cuts and workforce challenges tend to hinder local health departments' (LHDs') ability to assess and address health disparities.

Objectives:
To examine the extent to which LHDs' use of informatics effects their engagement in strategies and activities addressing health disparities.

Methods:
Data from the 2016 Profile of LHDs were used in examining the association of informatics with 9 activities addressing health disparities/inequities.

Results:
Fifty-nine percent of LHDs used data and described health disparities in their jurisdiction, and 12% conducted original research to link health disparities to differences in social or environmental conditions. Less than 40% of LHDs prioritized resources for the reduction of health disparities. LHDs that implemented information systems had increased odds of describing the disparities in their jurisdiction (P < .01) and having prioritized resources for the reduction of disparities (P < .01). Per capita expenditures, participation in a national accreditation program process, and a larger LHD population were also positively associated with 7 of 9 activities for addressing health disparities/inequities.

Conclusions:
As LHDs advance efforts to reduce health disparities and inequities, leadership will find informatics a useful strategy. National initiatives aimed to boost LHDs' engagement in the reduction of disparities might benefit from our findings, positing a positive influence of informatics.
Folate Supplementation for Methotrexate Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Liu Lijun , Liu Shengyun , Wang Cong , Guan Wenjuan , Zhang Yinli , Hu Wenlu , Zhang Lei , He Yujie , Lu Jiameng , Li Tianfang , Liu Xiaojun , Xuan Yiyi , Wang Peisong 
Published: July 2018

Objective
To review the evidence for benefits and harms of folate (folic acid or folinic acid) supplementation on methotrexate (MTX) treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), to assess whether or not folate supplementation would reduce MTX toxicity or reduce MTX benefits, and to decide whether a higher MTX dosage is essential.

Methods
We performed a sensitive search strategy and searched systematically the Medline, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library databases from inception to 2 June 2016. Abstracts from major rheumatology meetings and major trial registers were also searched to retrieve all randomized controlled trials that interested us.

Results
Seven studies with 709 patients were included. No significant heterogeneity was found between these trials. For RA patients treated with MTX, those supplied with folate were less likely to have elevated transaminase (odds ratio [OR] 0.15; 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.10, 0.23 [p < 0.00001]) and gastrointestinal side-effects such as nausea and vomiting (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.51, 0.99 [p = 0.04]). Folate appeared to promote compliance to MTX as it reduced patient withdrawal compared to placebo (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.21, 0.42 [p < 0.00001]). There was no statistical difference for mouth sores between folate and placebo (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.57, 1.22 [p = 0.35]). As the markers of disease activity in those trials were not consistent, it was impossible to decide whether folate supplementation reduced MTX efficacy. Besides, we compared high-dose folate (≥25 mg per week) and low-dose folate (≤10 mg per week) on MTX efficacy, finding no statistical difference (OR 2.07; 95% CI 0.81, 5.30 [p = 0.13]), nor on MTX toxicity (OR 1.56; 95% CI 0.80,3.04 [p = 0.19]).

Conclusion
Folate supplementation can reduce the incidence of hepatotoxicity and gastrointestinal side-effects of MTX in patients with RA. It can also reduce patient withdrawal from MTX treatment. Although it tended to reduce mouth sores, it had no statistical significance. No significant difference was found between high-dose folate and low-dose folate on MTX efficacy or toxicity.
Lessons Learned From a Faulty Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach
Authors: Zhang Daqi , Wu Che-Wei , Inversini Davide , Kim Hoon Yub , Anuwong Angkoon , Bacuzzi Alessandro , Dionigi Gianlorenzo 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy via vestibular approach (TOETVA) is currently considered the most promisingly scarless approach to the thyroid and has gained more acceptance.

Materials and Methods:
We described a case of faulty TOETVA.

Results:
The faulty TOETVA resulted in pneumomediastinum, diffuse subcutaneous emphysema, prolonged surgery, and anesthesia.

Conclusions:
The important technical considerations during TOETVA, including the use of external retraction, the identification of the subplatysmal plane of dissection, CO2 insufflation settings, the learning curve, and patient selection, were described and discussed.
How We Approach Combination Antifungal Therapy for Invasive Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis in Transplant Recipients
Authors: Haidar Ghady , Singh Nina 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis are life-threatening infections in solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplant recipients. Despite medical advancements in the care of these patients and the availability of new mold-active drugs, the outcomes remain suboptimal. Therefore, there has been increased interest in the use of combination antifungal therapy, in hopes that leveraging the possible in vitro synergy of these agents will improve the prognosis of invasive mold disease. However, there has been a large disconnect between the results of experimental and clinical investigations, as clinical studies have not unequivocally demonstrated the superiority of combination therapy over monotherapy. This is particularly true for mucormycosis, where the rarity of the condition has made it nearly impossible to prospectively study novel therapeutic strategies. We review the current standard of antifungal therapy and the preclinical and clinical data addressing the merit of combination therapy, and we provide guidance to optimize the management of these mycoses.
A powerful framework for an integrative study with heterogeneous omics data: from univariate statistics to multi-block analysis
Authors: Duruflé Harold , Selmani Merwann , Ranocha Philippe , Jamet Elisabeth , Dunand Christophe , Déjean Sébastien 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe high-throughput data generated by new biotechnologies used in biological studies require specific and adapted statistical treatments. In this work, we propose a novel and powerful framework to manage and analyse multi-omics heterogeneous data to carry out an integrative analysis. We illustrate it using the package mixOmics for the R software as it specifically addresses data integration issues. Our work also aims at confronting the most recent functionalities of mixOmics to real data sets because, even if multi-block integrative methodologies exist, they still have to be used to enlarge our know-how and to provide an operational framework to biologists. Natural populations of the model plantArabidopsis thalianaare employed in this work but the framework proposed is not limited to this plant and can be deployed whatever the organisms of interest and the biological question. Four omics data sets (phenomics, metabolomics, cell wall proteomics and transcriptomics) have been collected, analysed and integrated in order to study the cell wall plasticity of plants exposed to sub-optimal temperature growth conditions. The methodologies presented start from basic univariate statistics and lead to multi-block integration analysis, and we highlight the fact that each method is associated to one biological issue. Using this powerful framework led us to novel biological conclusions that could not have been reached using standard statistical approaches.
Phylogeographic analysis and identification of factors impacting the diffusion of Foot-and-Mouth disease virus in Africa
Authors: Duchatel Florian , Bronsvoort Mark , Lycett Samantha 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTFoot and mouth disease (FMD) is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa and can lead to important and continuous economic losses for affected countries. Due to the complexity of the disease epidemiology and the lack of data there is a need to use inferential computational approaches to fill the gaps in our understanding of the circulation of FMD virus on this continent. Using a phylogeographic approach we reconstructed the circulation of FMD virus serotypes A, O and SAT2 in Africa and evaluated the influence of potential environmental and anthropological predictors of virus diffusion. Our results show that over the last hundred year the continental circulation of the tree serotypes was mainly driven by livestock trade. Whilst our analyses show that the serotypes A and O were introduced in Africa trough livestock trades, the SAT2 serotype probably originates from African wildlife population. The circulation of serotype O in eastern Africa is impacted by both indirect transmission through persistence in the environment and anthropological activities such as cattle movements.