bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional composition, fatty acid profile, phytochemistry and evaluation of the effects of Carya illinoinensis on diabetes
Authors: Santos Lorenna Lino , De Almeida Pedro Costa Lima , Rodrigues Carla Aparecida , De Battisti Luís Felipe Franco , Costa Lellis Henrique , Bastos Renan Gomes , De Oliveira Carla Miguel , Ferraz Vany Perpétua , Moraes Ana Lúcia Leite , Paula Hudsara Aparecida de Almeida , Paula Fernanda Borges de Araújo , Silva Marcelo José Dias , Vilegas Wagner , Veiga Sandra Maria Oliveira Morais , Da Silva Amorim Ana Flávia , Da Silva Geraldo Alves , Da Silva Marcelo Aparecido 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe increase in chronic diseases has arisen interest to search for alternative treatments so that people can improve their quality of life. Thus, Carya illinoinensis is the subject of the present work which aims at determining whether it has antidiabetic activity. The plant was collected and its nuts were separated from their peels, dried and grinded and incorporated into the feed, in concentration of 6% and 10%, for the treatment of animals. The centesimal composition of this diet was also determined. From the nut was also obtained the fixed oil, for the profile of fatty acids, and the 70% hydroethanolic extract for the phytochemical analysis. The results have shown that species presents hypoglycaemic effect, high fat composition of unsaturated fatty acids and the presence of some phenolic compounds, directly related to the antidiabetic activity. Therefore, the specie presente benefits that can contribute to the binomial diet/health.
Rituximab therapy in interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fui Annalisa , Bergantini Laura , Selvi Enrico , Mazzei Maria A. , Bennett David , Pieroni Maria G. , Rottoli Paola , Bargagli Elena 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease. In this disease, interstitial lung diseases (ILD) is associated with high risk of mortality. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed against CD20, is effective in the treatment of articular manifestations in RA while controversial results have been reported on rituximab efficacy in RA‐ILD patients.AimsTo describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of 28 patients with RA‐ILD and analyse the efficacy of anti‐CD20 therapy in 14 RA‐ILD patients treated with this drug for more than 1 year.ResultsIn our population, high resolution computed tomography features revealed usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) in 15/28 (54%) of patients, non‐specific interstitial pneumonia in 8/28 (29%) patients, other patients presented fibroelastosis and nodular fibrotic patterns. Higher mortality rate was observed in RA patients with radiological UIP pattern compared to those with different radiological patterns, although our patients with RA associated with radiological UIP pattern had a longer survival (7 years from ILD diagnosis) compared with literature data (3–5 years from ILD diagnosis). Half of our patients were treated with rituximab and they had a progressive reduction of lung function parameters. After 6 and 12 months of anti‐CD20 therapy, our patients presented a stabilisation of lung function parameters.ConclusionOur study supported the theory that patients with RA and radiological UIP pattern at computed tomography scan presented the worst survival; rituximab therapy seems to be effective stabilising ILD involvement and lung function deterioration.
‘Cold and lonely’: emergency presentations of patients with hypothermia to a large Australian health network
Authors: Forcey Dana S. , FitzGerald Melissa P. , Burggraf Millicent K. , Nagalingam Vathy , Ananda‐Rajah Michelle R. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundExtreme heat is a public health priority in Australia with the health effects of cold poorly studied. A record‐breaking cold winter prompted an institutional investigation into the epidemiology and outcomes of hypothermic presentations.AimsTo describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hypothermic emergency presentations including patient outcomes as well as gaps in practice.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort observational study of hypothermic emergency presentations between 7 July 2009 and 1 September 2016 with a temperature of ≤35°C. Independent predictors for inpatient mortality and characteristics of exposure versus non‐exposure presentations were evaluated.ResultsThere were 217 patients with 226 presentations comprising male gender in 54%, median age 76.5 years (interquartile range (IQR) 53–88) and median initial temperature 33.3°C (IQR 31.2–34.3°C). Non‐exposure presentations being found indoors, accounted for 78% overall, with elderly persons ≥65 years (P = 0.002) and multimorbidity (Charlson comorbidity index ≥4, P = 0.013) overrepresented in this subgroup. Among the non‐exposure cohort, 55% were pensioners and 42% lived alone. Inpatient mortality was 11% overall and significantly higher in non‐exposure versus exposure cohorts (16 vs 2%, P = 0.01). Independent predictors of inpatient mortality included heart failure (P = 0.04), metastatic malignancy (P < 0.01), chronic kidney disease (P < 0.05) and sepsis (P < 0.01). In contrast, exposure‐related presentations were characterised by younger patients with intoxication due to alcohol and/or illicit drugs and psychiatric comorbidity.ConclusionsHypothermia is a marker of clinical and socioeconomic vulnerability. The dominant presentation of the elderly patient with multimorbidity, and few social supports being found indoors, raises broader questions around the social determinants of health.
System dynamics simulation‐based model for coordination of a three‐level spare parts supply chain
Authors: Zhao Qiuhong , Chang Ran , Ma Jun , Wu Chengfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn some spare parts distribution systems for consumption goods, a portion of consumers’ demand is met by inventories in maintenance outlets, while the remaining portion is satisfied with emergency orders from the supplier, which can enhance customers’ satisfaction but cause added order‐processing costs and transportation costs. Faced with the trade‐off between the supplier's and outlet's profits, it is highly crucial to design and coordinate a supply chain in a way that determines to what extent each level should hold inventories by considering classification of spare parts. Therefore, in this paper, a system dynamics approach is used to design a three‐level supply chain simulation model consisting of one business unit, one distribution center, and one maintenance outlet. The business unit and distribution center belong to one company, so we consider them as one supplier. Therefore, we focus on the coordination between the distribution center and the maintenance outlet. The objective is to propose a contract to enhance these two parties’ profits. Through numerical analysis, we provide a contract with which the spare parts in class A are differentiated in their normal and emergency procurement prices and the spare parts in class B and class C have a prescribed customer service level. Using this type of contract, both distribution center's and maintenance outlet's profits can be enhanced, and the management process can be simplified.
Electrical fatigue failure in (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3 relaxor ceramics
Authors: Kumar Nitish , Shi Xi , Jones Jacob , Hoffman Mark 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMany devices containing ferroelectric ceramics are subjected to different loading conditions and cycles, and lack of adequate long‐term reliability studies is a major concern. Here, we explore a (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3–BaTiO3 solid solution and study electrical fatigue as a function of amplitude, temperature, frequency, and static offset voltage (dc bias). This is expected to act as a guide for other similar material systems. Empirical relationships to quantify the dependence of fatigue on these parameters are presented. With electric field amplitude (Emax), the number of cycles to fatigue failure (Nfail) varies as: Emax × = C, where a and C are constants whose values are different when the field amplitude is below and above the coercive field. With changes in temperature, Nfail exhibits an activated behavior and follows an Arrhenius relationship with an activation energy of 0.7 eV at an amplitude above the coercive field. In the absence of self‐heating, a power law relationship is observed between Nfail and frequency of fatigue cycles at an amplitude above the coercive field. On applying a dc bias, Nfail increases by an order of magnitude, an observation that is attributed to domain switching effects. A majority of the above‐mentioned effects have been explained in terms of the motion of domain walls under a given fatigue condition and their interaction with point defects.
History of malignancy and relevant symptoms may predict a positive computed tomography enterography in obscure gastrointestinal bleeds
Authors: Leung Kristel K , Khan Usman , Zhang Mei , McCurdy Jeffrey D , James Paul D 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThis study aimed to assess the clinical utility of computed tomography enterography (CTE) and identify factors associated with a diagnostic CTE for patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB).MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed at a Canadian tertiary care center from 2005 to 2015. A total of 138 patients underwent a CTE for OGIB. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine factors associated with a diagnostic CTE. A highly sensitive clinical rule was then developed to help identify OGIB patients for whom a CTE may be beneficial in their clinical work‐up.ResultsA possible bleeding source was identified in 30 (22%) cases. The presence of abdominal or constitutional symptoms as well as history of colorectal cancer was significantly associated with a positive CTE in univariate and multivariate analyses (P < 0.05). A positive CTE could be predicted based on the presence of abdominal or constitutional symptoms and history of colorectal cancer with 90% sensitivity (95% CI 74–98%) in our population.ConclusionCTE identified a possible source of OGIB in one in five cases. In patients with the presence of abdominal or constitutional symptoms and a personal history of colorectal cancer, CTE may contribute to their diagnostic work‐up.
Improvement of hyponatremia in cirrhosis is associated with improved complex information processing
Authors: Watson Hugh , Guevara Monica , Vilstrup Hendrik , Ginès Pere 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackground and AimHyponatremia, a cause of brain dysfunction and risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy, is frequent in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites. The interdependence of liver failure and hyponatremia makes it difficult to separate the effects of each on cognitive function. The objective was to assess whether an increase in plasma sodium in patients with cirrhosis and ascites leads to an improvement in cognitive function.MethodsThis is a post‐hoc analysis of 250 cirrhosis patients without overt hepatic encephalopathy randomized to receive either placebo or satavaptan, a vasopressin V2 antagonist. The exposure was plasma sodium, and the outcome was the trail‐making test (TMT) parts A and B, which assesses speed of information processing, performed before the study starts and after 14 days. The results were analyzed by initial and change to final sodium concentration.ResultsAt entry, the patients with normonatremia exhibited better results on both the TMT‐A (median 56 vs 77.5 s for patients with sodium ≤ 130 mmol/L [P = 0.0059]) and the TMT‐B (median 127 vs 170 s for patients with sodium ≤ 130 mmol/L [P = 0.0066]), unrelated to age. Improvement of hyponatremia was more common in patients who received satavaptan (59.7%) than placebo (18.5%). Correction of hyponatremia did not shorten the simple TMT‐A but markedly improved the complex TMT‐B by an average of 20 s compared with 6.5 s in those with continuing hyponatremia (P = 0.02). Liver status measures remained stable during the period reported.ConclusionsThese data suggest that improvement of hyponatremia in patients with cirrhosis leads to an increase in the speed of complex information processing.
A review of protection against exposome factors impacting facial skin barrier function with 89% mineralizing thermal water
Authors: Salsberg Jennifer , Andriessen Anneke , Abdulla Sonya , Ahluwalia Renita , Beecker Jennifer , Sander Megan , Schachter Jordana 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe skin exposome refers to the constellation of external exposures that contribute to cutaneous aging, including solar radiation, air pollution, tobacco smoke, unbalanced nutrition, and cosmetic products. This review explores the skin exposome and the role of a combination hyaluronic acid and mineralized thermal water product used to restore and maintain optimal skin barrier function.MethodAn expert panel of 7 dermatologists who treat clinical signs of facial aging convened for a one‐day meeting to discuss the results of a literature review on the skin exposome and the role of M89, a mineralized thermal water and hyaluronic acid‐based gel, to improve the quality of facial skin. Evidence coupled with expert opinion and experience of the panel was used to address clinical challenges in the treatment of photo‐aging, and the use of M89.ResultsSolar radiation (ultraviolet radiation, visible light, and infrared radiation), air pollution, tobacco smoke, nutrition, and miscellaneous factors, including stress, sleep deprivation, and temperature, may potentiate skin aging by triggering molecular processes that damage skin structure. M89 was developed to maintain and restore skin and contains ingredients to aid physical, hydric, antioxidant, and antimicrobial skin barrier function.ConclusionsIncreasing knowledge of the exposome and microenvironment contributing to skin aging may support a better understanding of measures to support the skin. The initial results of in vitro and clinical studies of M89 show its potential to improve skin barrier function.
Modelling human pathology of traumatic brain injury in animal models
Authors: Risling M. , Smith D. , Stein T. D. , Thelin E. P. , Zanier E. R. , Ankarcrona M. , Nilsson P. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a head impact with a force exceeding regular exposure from normal body movement which the brain normally can accommodate. People affected include, but are not restricted to, sport athletes in American football, ice hockey, boxing as well as military personnel. Both single and repetitive exposures may affect the brain acutely and can lead to chronic neurodegenerative changes including chronic traumatic encephalopathy associated with the development of dementia. The changes in the brain following TBI include neuroinflammation, white matter lesions, and axonal damage as well as hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau protein. Even though the human brain gross anatomy is different from rodents implicating different energy transfer upon impact, especially rotational forces, animal models of TBI are important tools to investigate the changes that occur upon TBI at molecular and cellular levels. Importantly, such models may help to increase the knowledge of how the pathologies develop, including the spreading of tau pathologies, and how to diagnose the severity of the TBI in the clinic. In addition, animal models are helpful in the development of novel biomarkers and can also be used to test potential disease‐modifying compounds in a preclinical setting.
When Do Expert Teams Fail to Create Impactful Inventions?
Authors: Schillebeeckx Simon J. D. , Lin Yimin , George Gerard 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe investigate the salience of expertise in creating high impact inventions and question experts’ ability to deploy novel ideas. Specifically, we examine the relationships between expertise, component originality, and a team's structural holes’ position in the collaborative network and propose that, in relative terms, expert teams create lower impact inventions if they deploy more original components and if they occupy structural holes. We test and confirm our hypotheses in a sample of semiconductor firms. In post‐hoc analyses, we find a three‐way interaction where the negative effect of structural holes almost disappears when an expert team experiments with original components whereas an increase in non‐redundancy is detrimental when teams with high expertise use familiar components. Our findings inform a foundational view of the invention process and provide novel insights into the contingent benefits of domain expertise.
Impact of recanalization of chronic total occlusion on left ventricular electrical remodeling
Authors: Yamashita Kennosuke , Igawa Wataru , Ono Morio , Kido Takehiko , Okabe Toshitaka , Isomura Naoei , Araki Hiroshi , Ochiai Masahiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) is associated with reduction of cardiac mortality, as well as reducing fatal ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of recanalization of CTO on endocardial left ventricular voltages by paired electrophysiological studies.MethodsSixteen consecutive patients who underwent PCI for de novo CTO lesions were included. High‐density mapping was performed during sinus rhythm before and 8 months after PCI. According to the amplitude of bipolar electrograms, the left ventricular endocardium was classified into a preserved normal voltage (>1.5 mV), border zone (0.5–1.5 mV), and dense scar areas (<0.5 mV).ResultsThe border zone area had a significant positive correlation with CTO length, as well as a significant negative correlation observed in the preserved voltage region. In the successful PCI patient, the median dense scar area did not change significantly (reported as [median difference: 95% confidence interval]) between baseline and after PCI (0.1 cm2: –2.8 to 2.9). However, the area of the border zone decreased (–10.5 cm2: –16.8 to –4.1) and the preserved voltage area increased significantly (19.2 cm2: 7.7–30.6). In addition, successful PCI was related to slight, but significant, increase in the amplitude of unipolar and bipolar voltage (1.55 mV: 0.88–3.33, 0.23 mV: 0.08–0.36).ConclusionsRecanalization of CTO may promote reverse electrical remodeling in the border zone of the left ventricle, without affecting the dense scar tissue.
BBX16, a B‐box protein, positively regulates light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation by activating MYB10 in red pear
Authors: Bai Songling , Tao Ruiyan , Tang Yinxin , Yin Lei , Ma Yunjing , Ni Junbei , Yan Xinhui , Yang Qinsong , Wu Zhongying , Zeng Yanling , Teng Yuanwen 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe red coloration of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) results from anthocyanin accumulation in the fruit peel. Light is required for anthocyanin biosynthesis in pear. A pear homolog of Arabidopsis thaliana BBX22, PpBBX16, was differentially expressed after fruits were removed from bags and may be involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Here, the expression and function of PpBBX16 were analysed. PpBBX16's expression was highly induced by white‐light irradiation, as was anthocyanin accumulation. PpBBX16's ectopic expression in Arabidopsis increased anthocyanin biosynthesis in the hypocotyls and tops of flower stalks. PpBBX16 was localized in the nucleus and showed trans‐activity in yeast cells. Although PpBBX16 could not directly bind to the promoter of PpMYB10 or PpCHS in yeast one‐hybrid assays, the complex of PpBBX16/PpHY5 strongly trans‐activated anthocyanin pathway genes in tobacco. PpBBX16's overexpression in pear calli enhanced the red coloration during light treatments. Additionally, PpBBX16's transient overexpression in pear peel increased anthocyanin accumulation, while virus‐induced gene silencing of PpBBX16 decreased anthocyanin accumulation. The expression patterns of pear BBX family members were analysed, and six additional BBX genes, which were differentially expressed during light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis, were identified. Thus, PpBBX16 is a positive regulator of light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation, but it could not directly induce the expression of the anthocyanin biosynthesis‐related genes by itself but needed PpHY5 to gain full function. Our work uncovered regulatory modes for PpBBX16 and suggested the potential functions of other pear BBX genes in the regulation of anthocyanin accumulation, thereby providing target genes for further studies on anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Validation of leaf and microbial pectinases: commercial launching of a new platform technology
Authors: Daniell Henry , Ribeiro Thuanne , Lin Shina , Saha Prasenjit , McMichael Colleen , Chowdhary Rashmi , Agarwal Anshika 
Published: April 2019

SummaryAlmost all current genetically modified plant commercial products are derived from seeds. The first protein product made in leaves for commercial use is reported here. Leaf pectinases are validated here with eight liquid commercial microbial enzyme products for textile or juice industry applications. Leaf pectinases are functional in broad pH/temperature ranges as crude leaf extracts, while most commercial enzyme products showed significant loss at alkaline pH or higher temperature, essential for various textile applications. In contrast to commercial liquid enzymes requiring cold storage/transportation, leaf pectinase powder was stored up to 16 months at ambient temperature without loss of enzyme activity. Commercial pectinase products showed much higher enzyme protein PAGE than crude leaf extracts with comparable enzyme activity without protease inhibitors. Natural cotton fibre does not absorb water due to hydrophobic nature of waxes and pectins. After bioscouring with pectinase, measurement of contact‐angle water droplet absorption by the FAMAS videos showed 33 or 63 (leaf pectinase), 61 or 64 (commercial pectinase) milliseconds, well below the 10‐second industry requirements. First marker‐free lettuce plants expressing pectinases were also created by removal of the antibiotic resistance aadA gene. Leaf pectinase powder efficiently clarified orange juice pulp similar to several microbial enzyme products. Commercial pilot scale biomass production of tobacco leaves expressing different pectinases showed that hydroponic growth at Fraunhofer yielded 10 times lower leaf biomass per plant than soil‐grown plants in the greenhouse. Pectinase enzyme yield from the greenhouse plants was double that of Fraunhofer. Thus, this leaf‐production platform offers a novel, low‐cost approach for enzyme production by elimination of fermentation, purification, concentration, formulation and cold chain.