bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with peripherally inserted central catheter-related venous thrombosis in hospitalized patients of advanced age
Authors: Song Yang , Liu Shuang , Lou Ting , Ma Yuxiu , Wang Na , Yong Qinge , Cong Lin , Xiao Zheng , Liu Gao 
Published: January 2019

Objective This study was performed to determine the risk factors associated with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related venous thrombosis in patients of advanced age (>65 years). Methods In total, 549 hospitalized patients aged 66 to 104 years who were undergoing PICC placement from January 2008 to December 2014 were enrolled. Symptomatic venous thrombosis was confirmed by B-mode or Doppler ultrasonography in the presence of clinical signs. Logistic regression analysis was performed on the variables of interest to identify the risk factors for thrombosis. Odds ratios (ORs) with the corresponding 95% confidence intervals were generated. Results Of the 549 patients with PICC placement, 106 (19.3%) developed PICC-associated venous thrombosis, 84 cases of which were symptomatic. The logistic regression results revealed that PICC-related venous thrombosis was associated with a history of venous thrombosis (OR, 6.745 [3.237–14.056]), number of lumens (OR, 1.934 [1.362–2.572] and OR, 3.762 [1.672–5.932] for dual and triple lumens, respectively), and PICC gauge (OR, 1.821 [1.256–2.537] and OR, 3.864 [1.367–8.251] for 5-Fr and 6-Fr, respectively). Conclusions A history of thrombosis, high number of lumens, and large-gauge catheters were strong risk factors for patients aged >65 years undergoing PICC placement.
Effect of bed particle size and temperature variation on the minimum fluidisation velocity: A comparison with minimum fluidisation velocity correlations for bubbling fluidised bed designs
Authors: Downmore Musademba , Jambgwa Simbi David , Kusaziwa Kuipa Pardon 
Published: January 2019

This work presents hydrodynamic studies on the effect of temperature and bed particle variation on minimum fluidisation velocity. A lab-scale bubbling fluidised bed made of stainless steel, with column height of 1 m and internal diameter of 0.15 m was used. Five Geldart-B-type alumina bed materials of mean particle sizes 75, 177, 250, 320 and 500 µm were used and the bed temperature was varied between 50 ℃ and 600 ℃. The hydrodynamic results showed that minimum fluidisation velocity varied directly with mean particle size and inversely with temperature. The pressure drop was found to increase with bed temperature for all the sizes of bed particles. The minimum fluidisation velocity is a key parameter in the design of fluidised bed systems and as such its prediction lies with good choice of correlation. The experimental values were compared with predicted minimum fluidisation velocity from six correlations, with the overall objective of verifying the most suitable correlation. Of the correlations used, the Hartman et al. correlation showed very good fitting with experimental data for beds of 75 and 177 µm particles, and the Mohanta et al. correlation showed good fitting with 250–500 µm bed particles. The models exhibited very good coefficient of multiple determination ( R2), very low fitting errors and low geometric standard deviations across the range of particle sizes and temperature variation. However, the lack of understanding of the parameters such as voidage, particle sphericity, density and viscosity would need more attention, particularly in view of the sensitivity of the minimum fluidisation velocity predictions to these parameters. Further studies are therefore recommended for the verification of the correlations in this regard.
Beyond autonomy and care: Experiences of ambivalent abortion seekers
Authors: Kjelsvik Marianne , Sekse Ragnhild J Tveit , Moi Asgjerd Litleré , Aasen Elin M , Nortvedt Per , Gjengedal Eva 
Published: January 2019

Background: While being prepared for abortions, some women experience decisional ambivalence during their encounters with health personnel at the hospital. Women’s experiences with these encounters have rarely been examined. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore ambivalent abortion-seeking women’s experiences of their encounters with health personnel. Research design: The data were collected in individual interviews and analysed with dialogical narrative analyses. Participants and research context: A total of 13 women (aged 18–36 years), who were uncertain of whether to terminate their pregnancies during the first trimester, were interviewed before and after they made their decisions. The participants were recruited at six Norwegian outpatient clinics. Ethical considerations: Approval was granted by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics. Findings: The ambivalent pregnant women sought to make autonomous decisions while simultaneously involving their closest confidants and health personnel in the process. The following three types of narratives of women’s experiences with encounters with health personnel were identified: the respected women; the identified women; and the abandoned women. Discussion: The findings are discussed in terms of the ambivalent pregnant woman’s autonomous responsibility in considering an abortion and how her autonomy can be enabled or impaired during encounters with health personnel. Conclusion and implication: Although the women considered themselves autonomous and responsible for their final decisions, they wished health personnel were involved in their situations. The health personnel contributed by enabling or disabling the possibility of decision-making in accordance with the women’s values. The findings indicate that health personnel who care for women considering abortions must be trained in dialogical competence.
Increased prevalence of pancreaticobiliary maljunction in biliary malignancies
Authors: Hyvärinen I. , Hukkinen M. , Kivisaari R. , Parviainen H. , Nordin A. , Pakarinen M. P. 
Published: January 2019

Aim: The incidence of pancreaticobiliary maljunction is thought to approximate 1:100,000 within Western populations. We aimed to study the significance of pancreaticobiliary maljunction in biliary tract malignancies. Methods: Medical records and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography images of 252 consecutive patients treated for biliary malignancies during 2005–2016 were reviewed. Patients with other known risk factors for biliary cancers (n = 27) were excluded. A common pancreaticobiliary channel measuring ⩾10 mm outside the duodenal wall was defined as pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Main Results: Of the 225 patients, a reliably interpretable preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography was available for 73 (32%). Sex (47% vs 57% females) and age at diagnosis (67 vs 66 years) were similar among patients with or without an magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (p = ns for both). In magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, a pancreaticobiliary maljunction with a median length of 20 mm (range 10–23 mm) was identified in four patients (5.5%, 95% confidence interval 1.6–14), while none had evident accompanying biliary tree dilatation. Pancreaticobiliary maljunction patients were significantly more often females (100% vs 43%, p = 0.043), less likely to have intrahepatic bile duct cancer (0% vs 65%, p = 0.019) while more likely to have gallbladder cancer (75% vs 22%, p = 0.044) compared to the others. Age at diagnosis (66 vs 67 years, p = 0.898), extrahepatic bile duct cancer incidence (25% vs 13%, p = 0.453), and survival status at last follow-up (50% vs 42% alive, p = 1.000) were comparable between the subgroups. Conclusion: The prevalence of pancreaticobiliary maljunction is substantially higher in adults with biliary malignancies than one would expect based on its incidence, reinforcing the etiologic role of pancreaticobiliary maljunction especially in females with gallbladder cancer.
Functional and emotional outcomes after transient ischemic attack: A 12-month prospective controlled cohort study
Authors: Sackley Catherine M , Mant Jonathan , McManus Richard J , Humphreys Glyn , Sharp Leslie , Mares Kathryn , Savva George M 
Published: January 2019

Background Symptoms of transient ischemic attack are believed to fully resolve within 24 h of onset. Emerging evidence suggests that there may be prolonged functional and psychological impact, although studies have not been able to robustly identify whether these are the effect of transient ischemic attack or changes usually associated with ageing. We describe trajectories of disability and risk of anxiety and depression among patients seen at transient ischemic attack clinics over 12 months, compared to healthy controls. Methods Thirty transient ischemic attack clinics across England participated. A total of 1320 participants were included: 373 diagnosed with transient ischemic attack, 186 with minor stroke, 310 with “possible transient ischemic attack,” 213 with another condition mimicking a transient ischemic attack and 238 controls recruited from primary care providers. Participants completed questionnaires after diagnosis then after 3, 6 and 12 months. Outcomes were the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Mixed effects regression was used to estimate group differences and trajectories. Results At baseline, confirmed transient ischemic attack patients scored 1.31 HADS-Anxiety points (s.e. = 0.28; p < 0.001) , 0.51 HADS-Depression points (s.e. = 0.26; p = 0.056), and 2.6 NEADL points (s.e. = 1.1; p = 0.020) worse than controls. At 12 months, the deficits were 0.78 (s.e. = 0.30; p = 0.008), 0.97 (s.e. = 0.23; p < 0.001), and 0.96 (s.e. = 0.92; p = 0.294) respectively. Differences among patients diagnosed with minor stroke were like or worse than transient ischemic attack patients. Conclusions Transient ischemic attack clinic patients may have functional and emotional impairments compared to the general population irrespective of final diagnosis. The presence of emotional symptoms or risk of developing anxiety or depression did not always fully recover and may increase.
Contemporary prognosis of transient ischemic attack patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Najib Nashwa , Magin Parker , Lasserson Daniel , Quain Debbie , Attia John , Oldmeadow Christopher , Garcia-Esperon Carlos , Levi Christopher 
Published: January 2019

Background Transient ischemic attacks are common and place patients at risk of subsequent stroke. The 2007 EXPRESS and SOS-TIA studies demonstrated the efficacy of rapid treatment initiation. We hypothesized that with these findings having informed subsequent transient ischemic attacks management protocols, transient ischemic attacks prognosis in contemporary (2008 and later) patient cohorts would be more favorable than in historical cohorts. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies and randomized control trial placebo-arms of transient ischemic attack (published 2008–2015). The primary outcome was stroke. Secondary outcomes were mortality, transient ischemic attack, and myocardial infarction. Studies were excluded if the outcome of transient ischemic attack patients was not reported separately. The systematic review included all studies of transient ischemic attack. The meta-analysis excluded studies of restricted transient ischemic attack patient types (e.g. only patients with atrial fibrillation). The pooled cumulative risks of stroke recurrence were estimated from study-specific estimates at 2, 7, 30, and 90 days post-transient ischemic attack, using a multivariate Bayesian model. Results We included 47 studies in the systematic review and 40 studies in the meta-analysis. In the systematic review (191,202 patients), stroke at 2 days was reported in 13/47 (27.7%) of studies, at 7 days in 20/47 (42.6%), at 30 days in 12/47 (25.5%), and at 90 days in 33/47 (70.2%). Studies included in the meta-analysis recruited 68,563 patients. The cumulative risk of stroke was 1.2% (95% credible interval (CI) 0.6–2.2), 3.4% (95% CI 2.0–5.5), 5.0% (95% CI 2.9–8.9), and 7.4% (95% CI 4.3–12.4) at 2, 7, 30, and 90 days post-transient ischemic attack, respectively. Conclusion In contemporary settings, transient ischemic attack prognosis is more favorable than reported in historical cohorts where a meta-analysis suggests stroke risk of 3.1% at two days.
Radiation-Induced Rhinitis: Cytological and Olfactory Changes
Authors: Riva Giuseppe , Franco Pierfrancesco , Provenzano Erica , Arcadipane Francesca , Bartoli Claudia , Lava Paolo , Ricardi Umberto , Pecorari Giancarlo 
Published: January 2019

Background Oral mucositis is a well-known adverse event of radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). Its nasal counterpart, the radiation-induced rhinitis, is poorly studied and considered in clinical practice. Objective The aim of this observational study was to evaluate acute cytological and olfactory alterations during RT and their correlation with RT doses. Methods Ten patients who underwent RT for HNC, excluding tumors of the nasal cavities, were evaluated with nasal scraping for cytological examination, Sniffin’ Sticks test for olfactory assessment, and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale. The examinations were performed before (T0), at mid-course (T1), and at the end (T2) of RT. They were repeated 1 and 3 months after RT (T3 and T4). Mean dose (Dmean) and near maximum dose (D2%) to nasal cavities and inferior turbinates were used for correlation analyses. Results Radiation-induced rhinitis was present in 70% of patients at T2, and it was still observed in 40% of cases after 3 months. Although olfactory function remained within the normal range at the evaluated times, a significant decrease in odor threshold and discrimination was observed during RT, which returned to baseline levels after RT. Nasal cytology showed a radiation-induced rhinitis with neutrophils and sometimes bacteria. Mucous and squamous cell metaplasia appeared in 10% of patients. Dmean and D2% to inferior turbinates were associated to neutrophilic rhinitis at T2, and D2% to inferior turbinates was correlated to mucous cell metaplasia at T2. Conclusions RT for HNC induces acute rhinitis that may persist after the completion of treatment and can affect patient’s quality of life. Nasal cytology can help to choose the best treatment on an individual basis.
The Needle-and-Knife Technique: A Safe Technique for Anterolateral Portal Placement in Elbow Arthroscopy
Authors: Thaveepunsan Sutee , Shields Maegan N. , O’Driscoll Shawn W. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Safe and effective portal placement is crucial for successful elbow arthroscopy. Various techniques for anterolateral portal placement in elbow arthroscopy have been described, yet radial nerve injuries are commonly reported. Purpose: To report on the technique and safety of anterolateral portal placement by the needle-and-knife method and its clinical applications. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A retrospective review was completed of patients who underwent an arthroscopic procedure in the anterior compartment of the elbow and anterolateral portal placement. Patients were evaluated immediately postoperatively and at subsequent visits and were monitored for signs of radial nerve injury. Results: A total of 460 patients met the inclusion criteria, of which 309 (67%) underwent the needle-and-knife technique. There was 1 case (0.3%) of temporary radial nerve palsy. For the remaining 151 patients who underwent anterolateral portal placement by other techniques, there were 2 cases of temporary radial nerve palsy (1.3%). There were no cases of the needle-and-knife technique being unsuccessful or abandoned in lieu of a different technique. Use of the needle-and-knife technique increased over time with experience and practice. Initially, contraindications to this technique included impaired view of the lateral side of the anterior compartment of the elbow caused by severe intra-articular scar (65%), extensive synovitis (10%), or large osteophytes or loose bodies (10%). For the remaining patients (15%) who did not have portals placed via the needle-and-knife technique, alternate techniques were used for teaching purposes. Conclusion: The needle-and-knife technique is reproducible and easy to perform by a clinician instructed in its use and trained in elbow arthroscopy. Its main advantage is that it permits the surgeon to safely slide the knife along the lateral supracondylar ridge, releasing the scarred capsule and thereby increasing the available space in which to work. Enlarging the working space inside scarred and contracted elbows cannot be accomplished by distending the capsule.
Neutrophils disturb pulmonary microcirculation in sepsis-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Park Inwon , Kim Mingyo , Choe Kibaek , Song Eunjoo , Seo Howon , Hwang Yoonha , Ahn Jinhyo , Lee Seung-Hyo , Lee Jae Hyuk , Jo You Hwan , Kim Kyuseok , Koh Gou Young , Kim Pilhan 
Published: January 2019

The lung is highly vulnerable during sepsis, yet its functional deterioration accompanied by disturbances in the pulmonary microcirculation is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how the pulmonary microcirculation is distorted in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and reveal the underlying cellular pathophysiologic mechanism.Using a custom-made intravital lung microscopic imaging system in a murine model of sepsis-induced ALI, we achieved direct real-time visualisation of the pulmonary microcirculation and circulating cellsin vivo. We derived the functional capillary ratio (FCR) as a quantitative parameter for assessing the fraction of functional microvasculature in the pulmonary microcirculation and dead space.We identified that the FCR rapidly decreases in the early stage of sepsis-induced ALI. The intravital imaging revealed that this decrease resulted from the generation of dead space, which was induced by prolonged neutrophil entrapment within the capillaries. We further showed that the neutrophils had an extended sequestration time and an arrest-like dynamic behaviour, both of which triggered neutrophil aggregates inside the capillaries and arterioles. Finally, we found that Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) was upregulated in the sequestered neutrophils and that a Mac-1 inhibitor restored the FCR and improved hypoxaemia.Using the intravital lung imaging system, we observed that Mac-1-upregulated neutrophil aggregates led to the generation of dead space in the pulmonary microcirculation that was recovered by a Mac-1 inhibitor in sepsis-induced ALI.
Surgery or radiotherapy for stage I lung cancer? An intention-to-treat analysis
Authors: Spencer Katie L. , Kennedy Martyn P.T. , Lummis Katie L. , Ellames Deborah A.B. , Snee Michael , Brunelli Alessandro , Franks Kevin , Callister Matthew E.J. 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionSurgery is the standard of care for early-stage lung cancer, with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) a lower morbidity alternative for patients with limited physiological reserve. Comparisons of outcomes between these treatment options are limited by competing comorbidities and differences in pre-treatment pathological information. This study aims to address these issues by assessing both overall and cancer-specific survival for presumed stage I lung cancer on an intention-to-treat basis.MethodsThis retrospective intention-to-treat analysis identified all patients treated for presumed stage I lung cancer within a single large UK centre. Overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and combined cancer and treatment-related survival were assessed with adjustment for confounding variables using Cox proportional hazards and Fine–Gray competing risks analyses.Results468 patients (including 316 surgery and 99 SABR) were included in the study population. Compared with surgery, SABR was associated with inferior overall survival on multivariable Cox modelling (SABR HR 1.84 (95% CI 1.32–2.57)), but there was no difference in cancer-specific survival (SABR HR 1.47 (95% CI 0.80–2.69)) or combined cancer and treatment-related survival (SABR HR 1.27 (95% CI 0.74–2.17)). Combined cancer and treatment-related death was no different between SABR and surgery on Fine–Gray competing risks multivariable modelling (subdistribution hazard 1.03 (95% CI 0.59–1.81)). Non-cancer-related death was significantly higher in SABR than surgery (subdistribution hazard 2.16 (95% CI 1.41–3.32)).ConclusionIn this analysis, no difference in cancer-specific survival was observed between SABR and surgery. Further work is needed to define predictors of outcome and help inform treatment decisions.
Managing the innovation legitimacy of the sharing economy
Authors: Hwang Jiyoung 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Sharing economy has become widespread globally as an innovative service business model. However, some of sharing economy’s socially irresponsible practices have led critics to challenge their legitimacy. Drawing upon legitimacy theory, this research evaluates the legitimacy and corporate social responsibility (CSR) of sharing economy. The current stance of sharing economy’s legitimacy is discussed regarding regulations; legal, tax, and labor issues; politics and lobbying behaviors; social inequality; and societal and economic impact, along with its core concept, sharing. This paper further delineates how CSR and CSR communication can help sharing economy firms manage the challenged legitimacy. As one of the first research attempts, the current paper sheds lights on the dark side of sharing economy and the value of CSR to resolve some concerns about its legitimacy.
Yeast-model-based study identified myosin- and calcium-dependent calmodulin signalling as a potential target for drug intervention in chorea-acanthocytosis
Authors: Soczewka Piotr , Kolakowski Damian , Smaczynska-de Rooij Iwona , Rzepnikowska Weronika , Ayscough Kathryn R. , Kaminska Joanna , Zoladek Teresa 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a rare neurodegenerative disease associated with mutations in the human VPS13A gene. The mechanism of ChAc pathogenesis is unclear. A simple yeast model was used to investigate the function of the single yeast VSP13 orthologue, Vps13. Vps13, like human VPS13A, is involved in vesicular protein transport, actin cytoskeleton organisation and phospholipid metabolism. A newly identified phenotype of the vps13Δ mutant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) hypersensitivity, was used to screen a yeast genomic library for multicopy suppressors. A fragment of the MYO3 gene, encoding Myo3-N (the N-terminal part of myosin, a protein involved in the actin cytoskeleton and in endocytosis), was isolated. Myo3-N protein contains a motor head domain and a linker. The linker contains IQ motifs that mediate the binding of calmodulin, a negative regulator of myosin function. Amino acid substitutions that disrupt the interaction of Myo3-N with calmodulin resulted in the loss of vps13Δ suppression. Production of Myo3-N downregulated the activity of calcineurin, a protein phosphatase regulated by calmodulin, and alleviated some defects in early endocytosis events. Importantly, ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), which sequesters calcium and thus downregulates calmodulin and calcineurin, was a potent suppressor of vps13Δ. We propose that Myo3-N acts by sequestering calmodulin, downregulating calcineurin and increasing activity of Myo3, which is involved in endocytosis and, together with Osh2/3 proteins, functions in endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites. These results show that defects associated with vps13Δ could be overcome, and point to a functional connection between Vps13 and calcium signalling as a possible target for chemical intervention in ChAc. Yeast ChAc models may uncover the underlying pathological mechanisms, and may also serve as a platform for drug testing.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.