bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Existence and Blow-up of Classical Solution for an Attraction-repulsion Chemotaxis System with Logistic Source
Authors: Yan Lijun , Yang Zuodong 
Published: February 2019

We consider the following quasilinear attraction-repulsion chemotaxis system of parabolic-elliptic-elliptic type with logistic source under homegeneous Neumann boundary conditions in a bounded domain `\Omega\subset R^{n}(n\geq2)` with smooth boundary, where`D(u)\geq c_{D}(u+1)^{m-1}` with `m\geq1`and `c_{D}>0`, `f(u)\leq a-bu^{\eta}` with `\eta>1`.{ We show two cases that the system admits a uniqueglobal bounded classical solution depending on `0\leq S(u)\leq C_{s}(u+1)^{q}, 0\leq F(u)\leq C_{F}(u+1)^{g}` by Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality.For specific `D(u),S(u),F(u)` with logistic source for `\eta>1` and `n=2`, we establish the finite time blow-up conditions forsolutions that the finite time blow-up occurs at `x_{0}\in\Omega` whenever `\int_{\Omega}u_{0}(x)dx>\frac{8\pi}{\chi\alpha-\xi\gamma}`with `\chi\alpha-\xi\gamma>0`, under `\int_{\Omega}u_{0}(x)|x-x_{0}|^{2}dx` sufficiently small.
Using the Reality Interview improves the accuracy of the Criteria‐Based Content Analysis and Reality Monitoring
Authors: Bogaard Glynis , Colwell Kevin , Crans Samantha 
Published: February 2019

SummaryActive interviewing approaches can exploit the verbal differences between truthtellers and liars, thus improving detecting deception. One such method is the Reality Interview (RI) aimed to facilitate recall from truthtellers, while increasing the difficulty for liars. This study investigated whether the RI could improve the diagnostic accuracy of the Reality Monitoring and the Criteria‐Based Content Analysis. Liars and truthtellers were either asked to freely recall an event or interviewed with the RI. As hypothesized, the RI improved the discriminability of Reality Monitoring and Criteria‐Based Content Analysis over Free Recall. Honest responses were longer, and the RI increased the word count difference between honest and false statements. However, after correcting for word count, results were no longer significant, showing its importance for deception detection. Nonetheless, the RI increased verbal differences between truthtellers and liars, demonstrating that using the RI with verbal credibility assessment tools is a powerful combination for investigative interviewing.
Bottom‐Up Grown 2D InSb Nanostructures
Authors: Gazibegovic Sasa , Badawy Ghada , Buckers Thijs L. J. , Leubner Philipp , Shen Jie , de Vries Folkert K. , Koelling Sebastian , Kouwenhoven Leo P. , Verheijen Marcel A. , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLow‐dimensional high‐quality InSb materials are promising candidates for next‐generation quantum devices due to the high carrier mobility, low effective mass, and large g‐factor of the heavy element compound InSb. Various quantum phenomena are demonstrated in InSb 2D electron gases and nanowires. A combination of the best features of these two systems (pristine nanoscale and flexible design) is desirable to realize, e.g., the multiterminal topological Josephson device. Here, controlled growth of 2D nanostructures, nanoflakes, on an InSb platform is demonstrated. An assembly of nanoflakes with various dimensions and morphologies, thinner than the Bohr radius of InSb, are fabricated. Importantly, the growth of either nanowires or nanoflakes can be enforced experimentally by setting growth and substrate design parameters properly. Hall bar measurements on the nanostructures yield mobilities up to ≈20 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and detect quantum Hall plateaus. This allows to see the system as a viable nanoscale 2D platform for future quantum devices.
Advances in the management of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Mou Danny , Tesfasilassie Tomas , Hirji Sameer , Ashley Stanley W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe diagnosis and management of acute cholecystitis (AC) continues to evolve. Among the most common surgically treated conditions in the USA, appropriate diagnosis and management of AC require astute clinical judgment and operative skill. Useful diagnostic and grading systems have been developed, most notably the Tokyo guidelines, but some recent clinical validation studies have questioned their generalizability to the US population. The timing of surgical intervention is another area that requires further investigation. US surgeons traditionally pursue laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for AC patients with symptoms onset <72 hours, but for patients with symptoms over 72 hours, surgeons often elect to treat the patients with antibiotics and delay LC for 4‐6 weeks to permit the inflammation to subside. This practice has recently been called into question, as there are data suggesting that LC even for AC patients with over 72 hours of symptoms confers decreased morbidity, shorter length of stay, and reduced overall healthcare costs. Finally, the role of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) needs to be better defined. Traditional role of PC is a temporizing measure for patients who are poor surgical candidates. However, there are data suggesting that in AC patients with organ failure, PC patients suffered higher mortality and readmission rates when compared with a propensity‐matched LC cohort. Beyond diagnosis, the surgical management of AC can be remarkably challenging. All surgeons need to be familiar with best‐practice surgical techniques, adjunct intra‐operative imaging, and bail‐out options when performing LC.
Full Dissolution of the Whole Lithium Sulfide Family (Li2S8 to Li2S) in a Safe Eutectic Solvent for Rechargeable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cheng Qian , Xu Weiheng , Qin Shiyi , Das Subhabrata , Jin Tianwei , Li Aijun , Li Alex Ceng , Qie Boyu , Yao Pengcheng , Zhai Haowei , Shi Changmin , Yong Xin , Yang Yuan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe lithium–sulfur battery is an attractive option for next‐generation energy storage owing to its much higher theoretical energy density than state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries. However, the massive volume changes of the sulfur cathode and the uncontrollable deposition of Li2S2/Li2S significantly deteriorate cycling life and increase voltage polarization. To address these challenges, we develop an ϵ‐caprolactam/acetamide based eutectic‐solvent electrolyte, which can dissolve all lithium polysulfides and lithium sulfide (Li2S8–Li2S). With this new electrolyte, high specific capacity (1360 mAh g−1) and reasonable cycling stability are achieved. Moreover, in contrast to conventional ether electrolyte with a low flash point (ca. 2 °C), such low‐cost eutectic‐solvent‐based electrolyte is difficult to ignite, and thus can dramatically enhance battery safety. This research provides a new approach to improving lithium–sulfur batteries in aspects of both safety and performance.
Reaction of Nitrogen‐Radicals with Organometallics Under Ni‐Catalysis: N‐Arylations and Amino‐Functionalization Cascades
Authors: Angelini Lucrezia , Davies Jacob , Simonetti Marco , Malet Sanz Laia , Sheikh Nadeem S. , Leonori Daniele 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a strategy for the generation of nitrogen‐radicals by ground‐state single electron transfer with organyl–NiI species. Depending on the philicity of the N‐radical, two types of processes have been developed. In the case of nucleophilic aminyl radicals direct N‐arylation with aryl organozinc, organoboron, and organosilicon reagents was achieved. In the case of electrophilic amidyl radicals, cascade processes involving intramolecular cyclization, followed by reaction with both aryl and alkyl organometallics have been developed. The N‐cyclization–alkylation cascade introduces a novel retrosynthetic disconnection for the assembly of substituted lactams and pyrrolidines with its potential demonstrated in the short total synthesis of four venom alkaloids.
Dreifach koordiniertes Bor als Superdonor und ‐akzeptor für quadrupolare Nahinfrarot‐Chromophore
Authors: Stennett Tom E. , Bissinger Philipp , Griesbeck Stefanie , Ullrich Stefan , Krummenacher Ivo , Auth Michael , Sperlich Andreas , Stolte Matthias , Radacki Krzysztof , Yao Chang‐Jiang , Würthner Frank , Steffen Andreas , Marder Todd B. , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: February 2019

AbstractZwei neue quadrupolare A‐π‐D‐π‐A‐Chromophore wurden dargestellt, die sowohl einen stark elektronendonierenden Kern als auch stark elektronenakzeptierende Dimesitylboryl‐(BMes2) bzw. Bis(2,4,6‐tris(trifluormethyl)phenyl)boryl‐Endgruppen (BFMes2) besitzen. Die Analyse der Verbindungen mittels NMR‐Spektroskopie, Röntgenstrukturanalyse, Cyclovoltammetrie und UV/Vis‐NIR‐Absorptions‐ bzw. Emissionsspektroskopie zeigte, dass sie ausgedehnte, konjugierte π‐Systeme besitzen, die das gesamte B4C8‐Rückgrat umfassen. Die Kombination aus außergewöhnlich starken π‐Donor‐(Diboren) und π‐Akzeptorgruppen (Diarylboryl), die beide auf dreifach koordinierten Boratomen basieren, führt zu sehr kleinen HOMO‐LUMO‐Abständen, was in einer starken Absorption im nahen Infrarotbereich mit Absorptionsmaxima in THF bei 840 bzw. 1092 nm und sehr hohen Extinktionskoeffizienten von ca. 120 000 m−1 cm−1 resultiert. Zudem zeigen beide Moleküle eine schwache Fluoreszenz im nahen IR‐Bereich mit kleinen Stokes‐Verschiebungen.
Utilization of Beeswax Oleogel‐Shortening Mixtures in Gluten‐Free Bakery Products
Authors: Demirkesen Ilkem , Mert Behic 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFormulating gluten‐free bakery products with acceptable physical properties generally requires a high amount of fat. As the fat used in these products is often high in saturated fatty acids, the objective of this study was to evaluate beeswax (BW) containing oleogels for partial replacement of the shortening in gluten‐free aerated products. Oleogels prepared with BW were cocrystallized with a commercial cake shortening in the laboratory scale crystallization unit. Then, the resulting blends were evaluated in the gluten‐free cake formulations. When the BW oleogel was used alone, the overrun values of the batter samples decreased, indicating reduced air‐holding ability. Product porosity and specific volume of the samples were also diminished with complete replacement of the shortening with BW oleogel. Nevertheless, 45%, 30%, and 15% replacement of the shortening with BW oleogel resulted in batter and baked product properties comparable to those of the control products. Rheological and textural measurements, microscopy, and bubble size distribution suggested that gradual replacement of shortening with oleogels may be an alternative method for a partial reduction of saturated fat without altering the physical properties of gluten‐free aerated products.
Nanoporous hollow fibers as a phantom material for the validation of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zhang Chunchen , Ding Qiuping , He Hongjian , Peng Yu , Li Chen , Mai John , Li Jing‐Song , Zhong Jianhui , Chang Ming‐Wei 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTDiffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging noninvasive imaging modality. In this study, highly aligned, uniform, nanoporous, hollow polycaprolactone fibers were successfully synthesized in a single step to mimic the axon bundle structure in human white matter. Their porous nature, morphology, and physicochemical properties were carefully studied with respect to their suitability as a phantom material for brain imaging. The aligned fibrous bundles were then arranged into specific angles (30 and 90°), scanned, and evaluated with high‐resolution MRI fiber tractography. Diffusion tensor imaging and the tractography of fibers of five different structures at three temperatures were acquired and compared. Furthermore, an integrated brain phantom created from a combination of agar gel and aligned fibrous bundles was also fabricated and analyzed. The results demonstrate the excellent ability of the fibers to mimic the axonal bundles of brain white matter. The fibrous bundles were well mixed in the common agar phantom while retaining their fibrous configuration; this demonstrated their potential as brain white matter phantoms. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47617.
Synthesis of chloromethyl benzimidazole grafted polybenzimidazole with enhanced UV absorption and its effect as a stabilizer on the ultraviolet‐aging behaviors of poly(vinyl chloride) films
Authors: Xu Shiai , Zhang Xiaodan , Yao Xu , Cai Yangben 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPoly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is particularly susceptible to UV damage, and its durability can be reduced substantially when it is exposed to outdoor environments. In this study, high‐molecular‐weight polybenzimidazole (PBI) was synthesized and then grafted with 2‐chloromethyl benzimidazole. The polybenzimidazole grafted with 2‐chloromethyl benzimidazole (PBI‐g‐CMBeIm) could absorb over 99% of UV light in the region 220–420 nm. Then, PVC–PBI‐g‐CMBeIm blend films were prepared by a solution‐casting method, and the effects of the PBI‐g‐CMBeIm content and UV‐irradiation time on the properties of these films were investigated. The results show that the benzimidazole moieties incorporated into the macromolecular chain of PBI provided additional conjugation units, and this allowed the films to have a stronger UV absorption and broader λ range. The yield strength of the PVC–PBI‐g‐CMBeIm blend films irradiated for 1000 h ranged from 16.5 to 27.7 MPa; this increased 3.2–14.4 MPa compared with that of the pure PVC. The strength retention rate of the pure PVC was 28.8%, whereas that of the PVC–PBI‐g‐CMBeIm blend films was in the range 34.1–55.2%. The addition of PBI‐g‐CMBeIm also effectively increased the thermal degradation temperature of the blend films and slowed down their thermal degradation rate. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47626.
Poly(lactic acid) green composites filled with linseed cake as an agricultural waste filler. Influence of oil content within the filler on the rheological behavior
Authors: Barczewski Mateusz , Mysiukiewicz Olga , Szulc Joanna , Kloziński Arkadiusz 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe rheological behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites filled with linseed cake (LC) has been investigated in relation to the amount of the filler and the fat content in the natural waste agricultural filler. Natural waste fillers characterized with 17.4 and 28.7 wt % content of linseed oil were incorporated in different amounts (5–40 wt %) into a polymeric matrix. The main task was to investigate the plasticization effect of PLA by oil residue present in LC which was used as a low‐cost filler in highly filled biocomposites. The application of oscillatory rheological measurements and capillary rheometry allowed to get a detailed description of the changes in the composites' rheological behavior in reference to the plasticizing effect caused by the oil that migrated from the filler. The rheological properties of composites with natural filler with high oil content were evaluated also with rheological tests related to processing properties: the torque rheometry and melt flow index. It has been proven that the application of natural fillers from the food industry with high oil content allows to produce highly filled thermoplastic composites with improved processing properties due to the lubricating and plasticizing effect of the oil on the PLA matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47651.
Black plaster composite fiber prepared by upward electrospinning
Authors: Xu Yulong , Li Kaili , Liu Yong , An Yan , Xing Changmin 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBlack plaster is a traditional Herbal medicine with a long history; it is usually used in paste form. In this study, a black plaster/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) composite fiber was prepared by a novel upward melt electrospinning method. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the black plaster composite fiber has good morphology and uniform diameter. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the heating temperature in the electrospinning process does not damage the composition of the black plaster, and drug components are effectively retained in the black plaster. Drug dissolution results show that the dissolution of poorly water‐soluble Draconis Sanguis in both pure black plaster fibers and composite fibers are significantly higher than that in traditional bulk black plasters. When the PEG content in the composite fiber is 85 wt %, the drug dissolution amount of Draconis Sanguis in the black plaster composite fiber is the highest. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47662.
Friendship Club: Development and implementation of a 12‐week social skills group curriculum
Authors: Tillman Kathleen S. , Prazak Michael 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundFriendships help children cope with stress, become more socially competent and achieve well academically. The Friendship Club (Tillman, 2012) is a small group school counselling intervention that meets weekly for 12 weeks to focus on social skills training for elementary age children.AimsThe purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the curriculum in improving the social skills and overall well‐being of the participants and examine the psychometric properties of parent, teacher and self‐report pre‐ and post‐tests.MethodologyThirty‐four children between the ages of six and 12 participated in Friendship Club groups at local elementary schools. Prior and after the group sequence, parents, teachers and children were given a standard pre‐test which assessed such dimensions as friendships, communication skills, interpersonal skills such as sharing, and abilities such as conflict management. Paired‐samples t tests were conducted between key items and scale averages.ResultsAll four scales designed to assess implementation of social skills showed excellent levels of internal consistency. Qualitative parent‐report results include several improvements. Qualitative self‐report included a number of clear strengths‐based improvements. Quantitative results include that students reported a significant increase in their willingness to socialise with others. Additionally, the average score of children's implementation of helpful social skills as reported by their parents rose significantly.ConclusionAfter examining the quantitative and qualitative parent and child reports, this study concludes that overall the group curriculum for the Friendship Club was beneficial at facilitating the integration of social skills for children identified as struggling to maintain relationships.
Engineered Recombinant Proteins for Aqueous Ultrasonic Exfoliation and Dispersion of Biofunctionalized 2D Materials
Authors: Li Bing , Wang Tiankuo , Wang Xin , Wu Xin , Wang Chenyu , Miao Feng , Qin Meng , Wang Wei , Cao Yi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAqueous ultrasonic exfoliation by using proteins as dispersants allows for the simultaneous production and biofunctionalization of single‐ or few‐layered 2D materials for biomedical applications. However, the production yield and quality are always a concern. Here, the production of stable, low‐defect, and biofunctionalized 2D flakes of graphene by using bifunctional chimeric polyproteins as dispersants is shown. The chimeric polyproteins contain an amphiphilic protein, hydrophobin (HFBI), to serve as the anchoring point that strongly binds to graphene layers and tandem repeats of a globular protein, GB1, to respond and transmit the ultrasonic force for efficient mechanical exfoliation. For this reason, the production yield is much higher than those obtained by using HFBI alone. Moreover, the yield, lateral size and number of layers can be fine‐tuned by the number of GB1 repeats. Other 2D materials, such as MoS2 and WS2, can also be exfoliated in the same manner, demonstrating the versatility of this approach.
Viele Wege führen zum Methacrylsäuremethylester
Authors: Krill Steffen , Offermanns Heribert , Rühling Andreas 
Published: February 2019

ZusammenfassungWährend es für die wirtschaftliche Herstellung von Acrolein, Acrylsäure und Acrynitril durch katalytische Oxidation bzw. Ammonoxidation ausgehend von Propylen jeweils nur eine Route gibt, existieren für die Herstellung von Methacrylsäure und deren Methylester (Methacrylsäuremethylester, MMA) verschiedene konkurrierende Verfahren. Diese gehen von verschiedenen Bausteinen aus, etwa von Acetoncyanhydrin (ACH) – entsteht aus Umsetzung von Aceton mit Blausäure – Ethylen, Propylen, Isobuten oder Methyl‐tert.‐butylether (MTBE).MMA ist das Monomer für Polymethylmethacrylat (PMMA), das vielfältige Anwendung findet etwa in den Bereichen Optoelektronik, Bauindustrie sowie im Automobil‐, Transport‐ und Verkehrssektor. Unverzichtbar ist MMA vor allem als Basisrohstoff für die Herstellung von Bindemitteln für Farben und Lacke. Nach wie vor wird die globale Produktionslandschaft von C3‐basierten MMA‐Verfahren dominiert, die von Aceton als Rohstoff ausgehen. C4‐basierte Verfahren haben vor allem im asiatischen Raum Bedeutung. Wesentliche, neue Entwicklungen von MMA‐Produktionsprozessen finden im Bereich der C2‐basierten Verfahren mit Ethylen als Ausgangsstoff statt, allen voran das ALPHA‐Verfahren der Mitsubishi Chemical Corp. („MCC“) und Evoniks neues LIMA‐Verfahren
Evolutionarily conserved and divergent functions for cell adhesion molecules in neural circuit assembly
Authors: Kim Byunghyuk 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe developing nervous system generates remarkably precise synaptic connections between neurons and their postsynaptic target cells. Numerous neural cell adhesion proteins have been identified to mediate cell recognition between synaptic partners in several model organisms. Here, I review the role of protein interactions of cell adhesion molecules in neural circuit assembly and address how these interactions are utilized to form different neural circuitries in different species. The emerging evidence suggests that the extracellular trans‐interactions of cell adhesion proteins for neural wiring are evolutionarily conserved across taxa, but they are often used in different steps of circuit assembly. I also highlight how these conserved protein interactions work together as a group to specify neural connectivity.
Chromatic interior environments for the elderly: A literature review
Authors: Delcampo‐Carda Anna , Torres‐Barchino Ana , Serra‐Lluch Juan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe impact of the physical environment on individuals has arisen as a growing body of research in population wellbeing. Yet, most of studies in this area do not focus on elderly even though they are particularly susceptible to the characteristics of their interior spaces. It is a well‐known fact that to be old is to acquire a tolerance of disabilities based on the gradual degeneration. A common problem is a dysfunction in visual sensitivity and accordingly, the alteration of their environmental color perception. That is why these impairments need to be understood in order to minimize the elderly spatial difficulties. To know at what point there is a loss in the ability to perceive color is necessary to understand how should we take these facts into consideration. A state‐of‐the‐art literature review of current studies from the last 20 years is carried out. The aim is to analyze existing practices on Evidence‐Based Research through a multidisciplinary approach in order to create knowledge about chromatic built environments for the elderly. Data are identified and considered together with empirical experience about color, perception, built environment and elderly. Thus, the way in which elderly perceive the space is explored. The adjustments in the formulation of these impairments throughout any design strategy to adapt the environment to their physiological changes are determined. This article aims to determine a design interpretation of the various findings, demonstrating that color, as a parameter of the visual performance, influences visual comfort and helps performance in architecture for old people.