bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Gestational Diabetes Cause Additional Risk in Twin Pregnancy?
Authors: Sheehan Annabel C. M. , Umstad Mark P. , Cole Stephen , Cade Thomas J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIt has been suggested that the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies is exacerbated by concomitant gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). This study aimed to assess the risk incurred by twin pregnancy and by a diagnosis of GDM, separately, on the development of poor perinatal outcomes. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all pregnant women at a tertiary center between 2016 and 2017. The impact of GDM and twin pregnancies on perinatal outcomes — birth weight above the 90th centile for gestational age, cesarean delivery, clinical neonatal hypoglycemia, and premature delivery (before 37 weeks’ gestation) — was assessed using univariate and multivariate analyses. Overall, 13,527 women were eligible for the study; 11,915 were uncomplicated singleton pregnancies; 1379 of these had GDM; 194 were twin pregnancies, and 39 of these had GDM. Univariate analyses showed that twin pregnancies were associated with a higher risk of all perinatal outcomes except macrosomia. In the multivariate analyses, twin pregnancy was a much higher predictor of cesarean delivery (OR 8.40, 95% CI [6.25, 11.49], p < .0001) and preterm birth (OR 58.82, 95% CI [31.25, 125], p < .0001) compared to GDM but GDM was a higher predictor of neonatal hypoglycemia (OR 4.87, 95% CI [3.74, 6.29], p < .0001). Twin pregnancy is more strongly associated with all adverse perinatal outcomes except macrosomia. GDM does not increase risk of adverse perinatal outcomes except for neonatal hypoglycemia.
Social Competence in Parents Increases Children’s Educational Attainment: Replicable Genetically-Mediated Effects of Parenting Revealed by Non-Transmitted DNA
Authors: Bates Timothy C. , Maher Brion S. , Colodro-Conde Lucía , Medland Sarah E. , McAloney Kerrie , Wright Margaret J. , Hansell Narelle K. , Okbay Aysu , Kendler Kenneth S. , Martin Nicholas G. , Gillespie Nathan A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe recently reported an association of offspring educational attainment with polygenic risk scores (PRS) computed on parent’s non-transmitted alleles for educational attainment using the second GWAS meta-analysis article on educational attainment published by the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium. Here we test the replication of these findings using a more powerful PRS from the third GWAS meta-analysis article by the Consortium. Each of the key findings of our previous paper is replicated using this improved PRS (N = 2335 adolescent twins and their genotyped parents). The association of children’s attainment with their own PRS increased substantially with the standardized effect size, moving from β = 0.134, 95% CI = 0.079, 0.188 for EA2, to β = 0.223, 95% CI = 0.169, 0.278, p < .001, for EA3. Parent’s PRS again predicted the socioeconomic status (SES) they provided to their offspring and increased from β = 0.201, 95% CI = 0.147, 0.256 to β = 0.286, 95% CI = 0.239, 0.333. Importantly, the PRS for alleles not transmitted to their offspring — therefore acting via the parenting environment — was increased in effect size from β = 0.058, 95% CI = 0.003, 0.114 to β = 0.067, 95% CI = 0.012, 0.122, p = .016. As previously found, this non-transmitted genetic effect was fully accounted for by parental SES. The findings reinforce the conclusion that genetic effects of parenting are substantial, explain approximately one-third the magnitude of an individual’s own genetic inheritance and are mediated by parental socioeconomic competence.
A Mantle Plume Origin for the Scandinavian Dyke Complex: A “Piercing Point” for 615 Ma Plate Reconstruction of Baltica?
Authors: Tegner Christian , Andersen Torgeir B. , Kjøll Hans Jørgen , Brown Eric L. , Hagen‐Peter Graham , Corfu Fernando , Planke Sverre , Torsvik Trond H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe origin of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) associated with continental breakup and the reconstruction of continents older than ca. 320 million years (pre‐Pangea) are contentious research problems. Here we study the petrology of a 615–590 Ma dolerite dyke complex that intruded rift basins of the magma‐rich margin of Baltica and now is exposed in the Scandinavian Caledonides. These dykes are part of the Central Iapetus Magmatic Province (CIMP), a LIP emplaced in Baltica and Laurentia during opening of the Caledonian Wilson Cycle. The >1,000‐km‐long dyke complex displays lateral geochemical zonation from enriched to depleted basaltic compositions from south to north. Geochemical modelling of major and trace elements shows these compositions are best explained by melting hot mantle 75–250 °C above ambient mantle. Although the trace element modelling solutions are nonunique, the best explanation involves melting a laterally zoned mantle plume with enriched and depleted peridotite lithologies, similar to present‐day Iceland and to the North Atlantic Igneous Province. The origin of CIMP appears to have involved several mantle plumes. This is best explained if rifting and breakup magmatism coincided with plume generation zones at the margins of a Large Low Shear‐wave Velocity Province (LLSVP) at the core mantle boundary. If the LLSVPs are quasi‐stationary back in time as suggested in recent geodynamic models, the CIMP provides a guide for reconstructing the paleogeography of Baltica and Laurentia 615 million years ago to the LLSVP now positioned under the Pacific Ocean. Our results provide a stimulus for using LIPs as piercing points for plate reconstructions.
Spatiotemporal Characterization of Smectite‐to‐Illite Diagenesis in the Nankai Trough Accretionary Prism Revealed by Samples From 3 km Below Seafloor
Authors: Hüpers A. , Grathoff G. , Warr L. N. , Wemmer K. , Spinelli G. , Underwood M. B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe up‐dip limit of seismogenesis in subduction zone forearcs depends on the lithological composition of the incoming sediment and its subsequent modification during compaction and diagenesis. Here we present results of a multimethodological approach to characterize the smectite‐to‐illite diagenesis in the accretionary prism of the Nankai Trough subduction zone offshore SW Japan. Our X‐ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy clay mineralogical analysis reveal that advanced states of smectite‐to‐illlite diagenesis occur in samples recovered from down to 3 km subseafloor at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site C0002, which sampled the inner accretionary prism. Our temperature‐ and time‐dependent reaction kinetics models require elevated temperatures in the prism to explain the illitization, which is consistent with revised thermal models based on recent plate reconstructions. Biostratigraphic data suggest that the inner prism sediment was deposited during a period of slow or inactive subduction and buried in the accretionary prism after the Philippine Sea plate resumed subduction. Rapid burial in the past 6 Ma led to the formation of two authigenic smectite‐illite phases consistent with a broad 1–9.3 Ma age determined by K‐Ar dating. The low K+ smectite‐illite reflects the long‐term burial history, whereas the K+‐rich smectite‐illite was inherited from the younger accretion event. Our study predicts the illitization of smectite approaches completion at ~5 km below the seafloor in the hanging wall of the plate boundary and the megasplay fault zone, respectively, which coincides with the proposed seaward extent of coseismic slip in the 1944 Mw = 8.1 Tonankai earthquake along those faults.
Evaluating the Response of Summertime Surface Sulfate to Hydroclimate Variations in the Continental United States: Role of Meteorological Inputs in the GEOS‐Chem Model
Authors: Xie Yuanyu , Wang Yuxuan , Dong Wenhao , Wright Jonathon S. , Shen Lu , Zhao Zijian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the response of sulfate to climate change is crucial given tight couplings between sulfate and the hydrological cycle. As the sources and sinks of sulfate are sensitive to cloud and precipitation processes, the accuracy of model simulations depends on the accuracy of these meteorological inputs. In this study, we evaluate the GEOS‐Chem model in simulating summertime surface sulfate concentrations in the continental United States across different levels of dryness and compare the model performance based on two sets of meteorological fields: Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and MERRA‐2. Both simulations fail to reproduce observed increases in sulfate during drought, as indicated by negative correlation slopes between surface sulfate concentrations and the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). This deficiency can be largely attributed to too large a decrease in clouds and hence aqueous phase sulfate production as conditions shift from wet to dry. MERRA‐2‐driven GEOS‐Chem (M2GC) shows improvements in cloud and precipitation fields relative to the MERRA‐driven GEOS‐Chem, hence eliminating approximately half of the bias in the simulated sulfate‐SPEI slope. However, M2GC still underestimates boundary layer cloud fraction, overestimates liquid water content, and overestimates the rates of the decrease in both quantities as conditions become drier. Explicitly correcting these cloud biases in M2GC results in a 60–80% reduction of the bias in the simulated sulfate‐SPEI slope. The strong sensitivity of simulated sulfate to prescribed cloud fields suggests the need for more comprehensive assessment of cloud inputs for sulfate simulations under current and future climate change scenarios.
The Modeling of the North Equatorial Countercurrent in the Community Earth System Model and its Oceanic Component
Authors: Sun Zhikuo , Liu Hailong , Lin Pengfei , Tseng Yu‐heng , Small Justin , Bryan Frank 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) simulated by a coupled ocean‐atmosphere model and its oceanic component have been investigated and compared against oceanographic observations. Coupled model simulations using the Community Earth System Model version 2 are compared against ocean‐ice simulations forced by the second phase of the Coordinated Ocean‐ice Reference Experiments (CORE) data set. The modeled circulation biases behave differently to the west of and to the east of 120°W: the CORE‐forced ocean model largely underestimates the NECC transport to the west and the coupled model underestimates it to the east. Further analysis suggests that the surface wind stress and its curl is the most important forcing term for correctly simulating the NECC in both models. West of 120°W, the NECC biases in the ocean model are attributed to the southward movement of the maximum easterly trade winds in the Northern Hemisphere and the associated wind stress curl (WSC) pattern; east of 120°W, the NECC biases in the coupled model are attributed to the weak northward cross‐equatorial winds and southwestward gap winds, which lead to a weak WSC gradient at the latitude of NECC. Further analysis confirms that the WSC biases comes mainly from the zonal wind bias, which may in turn relate to the protocol of CORE‐II of adjusting reanalysis winds toward satellite data, which include the relative wind effect.
Paleobiological Traits That Determined Scleractinian Coral Survival and Proliferation During the Late Paleocene and Early Eocene Hyperthermals
Authors: Weiss Anna M. , Martindale Rowan C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCoral reefs are particularly sensitive to environmental disturbances, such as rapid shifts in temperature or carbonate saturation. Work on modern reefs has suggested that some corals will fare better than others in times of stress and that their life history traits might correlate with species survival. These same traits can be applied to fossil taxa to assess whether life history traits correspond with coral survival through past intervals of stress similar to future climate predictions. This study aims to identify whether ecological selection (based on physiology, behavior, habitat, etc.) plays a role in the long‐term survival of corals during the late Paleocene and early Eocene. The late Paleocene‐early Eocene interval is associated with multiple hyperthermal events that correspond to rises in atmospheric pCO2 and sea surface temperature, ocean acidification, and increases in weathering and turbidity. Coral reefs are rare during the late Paleocene and early Eocene, but despite the lack of reef habitat, corals do not experience an extinction at the generic level and there is little extinction at the species level. In fact, generic and species richness increases throughout the late Paleocene and early Eocene. We show that corals with certain traits (coloniality, carnivorous, or suspension feeding diet, hermaphroditic brooding reproduction, living in clastic settings) are more likely to survive climate change in the early Eocene. These findings have important implications for modern coral ecology and allow us to make more nuanced predictions about which taxa will have higher extinction risk in present‐day climate change.
Competing Temperature and Atmospheric Circulation Effects on Southwest Madagascan Rainfall During the Last Deglaciation
Authors: Scroxton Nick , Burns Stephen J. , McGee David , Hardt Ben , Godfrey Laurie R. , Ranivoharimanana Lovasoa , Faina Peterson 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe global paleomonsoon concept predicts an antiphase response of monsoon rainfall in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres at timescales where there is asymmetric solar forcing and/or asymmetric hemispheric temperature changes. However, as different monsoon systems have different sensitivities to local, regional, and global forcing, rainfall response may vary regionally, particularly during large global climatic changes such as the last deglaciation where warming occurred in both hemispheres. Despite its role as a key Southern Hemisphere counterpart to the Arabian and Indian summer monsoons, the behavior of the summer monsoon in the Southern Hemisphere of the Indian Ocean during the last deglaciation is unknown. Therefore, we present a new high‐resolution, precisely dated, and replicated speleothem stable isotope record from Tsimanampesotse National Park in southwest Madagascar that covers the last deglaciation. We show that speleothem growth phases respond largely to movements of the Southern Hemisphere summer Hadley circulation (summer extent of the tropical rainbelt/mean Intertropical Convergence Zone location), with some contribution from sea surface temperature changes at key times, such as during the Bølling‐Allerød. In contrast, speleothem δ18Ο responds primarily to sea surface temperature, in particular the location of the deep atmospheric convection isotherm, while summer Hadley circulation changes take a secondary role. Separating the varying influences of temperature and atmospheric circulation in controlling southwest Madagascan rainfall is critical to understanding rainfall variability in both the past and the future.
A single dose of fluoxetine reduces neural limbic responses to anger in depressed adolescents
Authors: Capitão Liliana P. , Chapman Robert , Murphy Susannah E. , Harvey Christopher-James , James Anthony , Cowen Philip J. , Harmer Catherine J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDepression in adolescence is frequently characterised by symptoms of irritability. Fluoxetine is the antidepressant with the most favourable benefit:risk ratio profile to treat adolescent depression, but the neural mechanisms underlying antidepressant drugs in the young brain are still poorly understood. Previous studies have characterised the neural effects of long-term fluoxetine treatment in depressed adolescents, but these are limited by concurrent mood changes and a lack of placebo control. There is also recent evidence suggesting that fluoxetine reduces the processing of anger in young healthy volunteers, which is consistent with its effect for the treatment of irritability in this age group, but this remains to be investigated in depressed adolescents. Here we assessed the effects of a single, first dose of 10 mg fluoxetine vs. placebo on neural response to anger cues using fMRI in a sample of adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who had been recently prescribed fluoxetine. As predicted, adolescents receiving fluoxetine showed reduced activity in response to angry facial expressions in the amygdala-hippocampal region relative to placebo. Activity in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was also increased. No changes in symptoms were observed. These results demonstrate, for the first time in depressed adolescents, that fluoxetine has immediate neural effects on core components of the cortico-limbic circuitry prior to clinical changes in mood. The effect on anger is consistent with our previous work and could represent a key mechanism through which fluoxetine may act to alleviate irritability symptoms in adolescent depression.
Psychiatric disorders in children with 16p11.2 deletion and duplication
Authors: Niarchou Maria , Chawner Samuel J. R. A. , Doherty Joanne L. , Maillard Anne M. , Jacquemont Sébastien , Chung Wendy K. , Green-Snyder LeeAnne , Bernier Raphael A. , Goin-Kochel Robin P. , Hanson Ellen , Linden David E. J. , Linden Stefanie C. , Raymond F. Lucy , Skuse David , Hall Jeremy , Owen Michael J. , Bree Marianne B. M. van den 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDeletion and duplication of 16p11.2 (BP4–BP5) have been associated with an increased risk of intellectual disability and psychiatric disorder. This is the first study to compare the frequency of a broad spectrum of psychiatric disorders in children with 16p11.2 deletion and duplication. We aimed to evaluate (1) the nature and prevalence of psychopathology associated with copy number variation (CNV) in children with 16p11.2 by comparing deletion and duplication carriers with family controls; (2) whether deletion and duplication carriers differ in frequency of psychopathology. 217 deletion carriers, 77 deletion family controls, 114 duplication carriers, and 32 duplication family controls participated in the study. Measures included standardized research diagnostic instruments. Deletion carriers had a higher frequency of any psychiatric disorder (OR = 8.9, p < 0.001), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (OR = 4.0, p = 0.01), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (OR = 39.9, p = 0.01) than controls. Duplication carriers had a higher frequency of any psychiatric diagnosis (OR = 5.3, p = 0.01) and ADHD (OR = 7.0, p = 0.02) than controls. The prevalence of ASD in child carriers of deletions and duplications was similar (22% versus 26%). Comparison of the two CNV groups indicated a higher frequency of ADHD in children with the duplication than deletion (OR = 2.7, p = 0.04) as well as a higher frequency of overall psychiatric disorders (OR = 2.8, p = 0.02) and psychotic symptoms (OR = 4.7, p = 0.02). However, no differences between deletion and duplications carriers in the prevalence of ASD were found. Both deletion and duplication are associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorder, supporting the importance of early recognition, diagnosis, and intervention in these groups.
Can targeted metabolomics predict depression recovery? Results from the CO-MED trial
Authors: Czysz Andrew H. , South Charles , Gadad Bharathi S. , Arning Erland , Soyombo Abigail , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Trivedi Madhukar H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMetabolomics is a developing and promising tool for exploring molecular pathways underlying symptoms of depression and predicting depression recovery. The AbsoluteIDQ™ p180 kit was used to investigate whether plasma metabolites (sphingomyelins, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, and acylcarnitines) from a subset of participants in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes (CO-MED) trial could act as predictors or biologic correlates of depression recovery. Participants in this trial were assigned to one of three pharmacological treatment arms: escitalopram monotherapy, bupropion-escitalopram combination, or venlafaxine-mirtazapine combination. Plasma was collected at baseline in 159 participants and again 12 weeks later at study exit in 83 of these participants. Metabolite concentrations were measured and combined with clinical and sociodemographic variables using the hierarchical lasso to simultaneously model whether specific metabolites are particularly informative of depressive recovery. Increased baseline concentrations of phosphatidylcholine C38:1 showed poorer outcome based on change in the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms (QIDS). In contrast, an increased ratio of hydroxylated sphingomyelins relative to non-hydroxylated sphingomyelins at baseline and a change from baseline to exit suggested a better reduction of symptoms as measured by QIDS score. All metabolite-based models performed superior to models only using clinical and sociodemographic variables, suggesting that metabolomics may be a valuable tool for predicting antidepressant outcomes.
Cell type-specific gene expression patterns associated with posttraumatic stress disorder in World Trade Center responders
Authors: Kuan Pei-Fen , Yang Xiaohua , Clouston Sean , Ren Xu , Kotov Roman , Waszczuk Monika , Singh Prashant K. , Glenn Sean T. , Gomez Eduardo Cortes , Wang Jianmin , Bromet Evelyn , Luft Benjamin J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), a chronic disorder resulting from severe trauma, has been linked to immunologic dysregulation. Gene expression profiling has emerged as a promising tool for understanding the pathophysiology of PTSD. However, to date, all but one gene expression study was based on whole blood or unsorted peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC), a complex tissue consisting of several populations of cells. The objective of this study was to utilize RNA sequencing to simultaneously profile the gene expression of four immune cell subpopulations (CD4T, CD8T, B cells, and monocytes) in 39 World Trade Center responders (20 with and 19 without PTSD) to determine which immune subsets play a role in the transcriptomic changes found in whole blood. Transcriptome-wide analyses identified cell-specific and shared differentially expressed genes across the four cell types.FKBP5 and PI4KAP1genes were consistently upregulated across all cell types. Notably,RESTandSEPT4, genes linked to neurodegeneration, were among the top differentially expressed genes in monocytes. Pathway analyses identified differentially expressed gene sets involved in mast cell activation and regulation in CD4T, interferon-beta production in CD8T, and neutrophil-related gene sets in monocytes. These findings suggest that gene expression indicative of immune dysregulation is common across several immune cell populations in PTSD. Furthermore, given notable differences between cell subpopulations in gene expression associated with PTSD, the results also indicate that it may be valuable to analyze different cell populations separately. Monocytes may constitute a key cell type to target in research on gene expression profile of PTSD.