bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long noncoding RNA MIR155HG facilitates pancreatic cancer progression through negative regulation of miR‐802
Authors: Qin Yan , Liu Xin , Pan Liang , Zhou Rong , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) present the key regulatory functions in tumorigenesis. More and more studies have suggested that lncRNA MIR155HG is involved in different human cancers. However, the underlying regulatory role of lncRNA MIR155HG and potential mechanisms in pancreatic cancer (PC) remain illusive. In this research, our group found that lncRNA MIR155HG expression was remarkably increased in PC tumor tissue and cells compared to that in the adjacent normal tissue and cells. In addition, higher MIR155HG expression was positively associated with the poor prognosis of patients. In addition, we exhibited that silence of MIR155HG by short hairpin RNA knockdown significantly inhibited cell growth and promoted cell apoptosis in PC cells. We performed bioinformatics analysis to search for the target of MIR155HG. As demonstrated by Luciferase reporter assay, we found that miR‐802, a tumor suppressor in various cancer, is a direct target of MIR155HG. We demonstrated that the tumor‐promoting effects of MIR155HG were contributed by negative regulation of miR‐802 in PC cells. In summary, our results suggest that lncRNA MIR155HG might be applied as a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for PC.
The role of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) to the autolysis of sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus)
Authors: Liu Zi‐qiang , Liu Yu‐xin , Zhou Da‐yong , Liu Xiao‐yang , Dong Xiu‐ping , Li Dong‐mei , Shahidi Fereidoon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus) is easy to autolysis in response to a variety of environmental and mechanical factors. In the current study, collagen fibres were extracted from fresh sea cucumber body wall and then incubated with endogenous matrix metalloprotease (MMP) of sea cucumber. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), chemical analysis and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) analysis were utilized to demonstrate the changes in collagen fibres, collagen fibrils and collagen proteins. Moreover, a verification experiment was also carried out to confirm the contribution of MMP to the autolysis of sea cucumber.RESULTSEndogenous MMP caused complete depolymerization of collagen fibres into smaller collagen fibril bundles and collagen fibrils due to the fracture of proteoglycan interfibrillar bridges. Meanwhile, endogenous MMP also caused partial degradation of collagen fibrils by releasing soluble hydroxyproline and pyridinium cross‐links. Furthermore, the treatment with MMP inhibitor (1,10‐phenanthroline) prevented the autolysis of tissue blocks from S. japonicus dermis.CONCLUSIONEndogenous MMP was the key enzyme in the autolysis of sea cucumber, while its action still focused on high‐level structures of collagens especially collagen fibres. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Commentary on the Special Issue on Moral Injury: Advances, Gaps in Literature, and Future Directions
Authors: Neria Yuval , Pickover Alison 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe contextualize and provide commentary on articles in the current issue that address the nature, measurement, and consequences of exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and moral injury (MI). PMIEs involve acts of commission or omission of oneself and others and can include perpetration of, and failure to prevent, harm; MI includes “the lasting psychological, biological, spiritual, behavioral, and social impact of perpetrating, failing to prevent, or bearing witness to acts that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations” (Litz et al., 2009). New and informative research aims to characterize types of PMIEs among military service members and veterans, including in multinational samples. There are also ongoing efforts to devise outcome scales that reliably capture broad MI outcome themes. Further, several new measures of MI assess emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses of wrong‐doing; the nature of distress following PMIEs in civilians, servicemembers, and veterans; and interpersonal consequences in youth. These are promising efforts toward ecologically valid definitions of a potential MI phenotype. Notably, PMIEs may or may not meet DSM PTSD Criterion A, yet early longitudinal data reveal predictive and reciprocal effects of MI and PTSD on one another. Further, a growing literature on MI outcomes beyond PTSD is identifying ways in which MI is linked to alcohol misuse and self‐injurious behaviors. The sum of these efforts has led experts to consider the utility and shortcomings of extant PTSD interventions for individuals with MI. We address clinical implications of this emerging research domain, gaps in the literature, and future directions for research.
Cadmium uptake from sediment by Cylindrotheca closterium and the effect of diatom presence on partitioning of cadmium between sediment and water: A laboratory study
Authors: Becker Amani E. , Copplestone David 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough it is well established that microalgae take up metals and other contaminants from water and it has been suggested that algae may play a significant role in mobilizing sediment bound contaminants, there has been little research on the uptake of sediment‐associated contaminants by microalgae. This may be important for microphytobenthos, which is closely associated with sediments. We report on laboratory experiments investigating the uptake of cadmium (Cd) from sediment and water by Cylindrotheca closterium over 96 h. The role of microalgae in the partitioning of Cd between sediment and water was also investigated. While concentrations do not typically represent those in the natural environment, we showed C. closterium takes up Cd from sediment, and concentration in microalgae is affected by sediment organic matter content. Cylindrotheca closterium influenced Cd movement between sediment and water: transfer from water to sediment was slowed, while transfer from sediment to overlying water (all treatments) and interstitial water (unprocessed sediment treatments) was increased. This is the first article to describe Cd uptake by diatoms from intertidal sediment in relation to sediment properties and mobilization of Cd from sediment in the presence of diatoms. Microalgae may serve as a pathway for sediment‐associated metals to enter into aquatic food webs, and their presence appears to increase metal concentrations in water potentially making any mobilized metals available for uptake by other species. Given this and their importance as the basis of the food chain, there may be implications for environmental and human health and potential impacts for the biological stability of the sediment.
α‐Iminocarboxamide‐Ni Complex Immobilized on Acid‐Treated Montmorillonite as Catalyst for Ethylene Polymerization
Authors: Murayama Isshin , Yamamoto Kazuhiro , Sakuragi Tsutomu , Iiba Kenji , Hirahara Miru , Ogihara Hitoshi , Kurokawa Hideki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe complex [N‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐2‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenylimino)‐propanamidato‐κ2N,O](η1‐benzyl)nickel(lutidine) is immobilized on an acid‐treated montmorillonite. When the montmorillonite is treated with alkylaluminum, the catalyst shows a high activity with high molecular‐weight polyethylene. The catalytic behavior of the polymerization suggests isomerization of the complex on acid sites of the support surface.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel B, N Co–Doped Carbon Materials for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Yanping , Shen Lili , Wei Xianhua , Long Zhen , Guo Xiaoqiang , Qiu Xiaoqing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBoron and nitrogen have been widely utilized as the heteroatoms to prepare boron doped carbon materials for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and supercapacitors since they can act as the electronic acceptor and enhance the electronic conductivity. However, little attention is paid to the coeffect of boron and nitrogen on the performance of carbon materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, boron, nitrogen co‐doped carbon materials have been prepared through a facile, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective one‐pot method, and used as the anode for SIBs. The as‐obtained boron, nitrogen co‐doped carbon materials show a high reversible specific capacity of 329.71 mAh g−1 and a high capacity retention of 91.3% after 100 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. The improved electrochemical performance can be ascribed to the enhanced electronic conductivity and double‐layer capacitance behavior by the introduction of boron and nitrogen. The present work demonstrates that boron, nitrogen‐co‐doped carbon is promising anode materials for SIBs, which provides novel insights to the design of carbon anode materials for SIBs.
Einleitung
Authors: Egger Jan 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungSchulanlagen und Schulhäuser sind durch Architektur geprägte Räume. Wie jedes Gebäude haben sie einen Auftrag: Sie sind funktional auf die pädagogische Praxis zugeschnitten und für die Aufgaben der Schule konzipiert. Schulbauten sind damit geprägt durch normative Vorstellungen, was ,gute Schule‘ ausmacht und wie Unterricht vonstattengehen soll. Neben pädagogischen Anforderungen müssen Schulbauten zahlreichen weiteren Ansprüchen genügen: bautechnische, ästhetische, ökonomische, regionalpolitische, topographische und andere mehr prägen die Möglichkeiten und Ausdrucksmaterialität von Schulanlagen. Insbesondere sind Schulbauten als öffentliche Gebäude auch politische Bauten und Teil einer staatlichen Repräsentation.
Origin of spherulitic and cone-in-cone concretions in Cambro-Ordovician black shales, St Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada
Authors: Hesse Reinhard , Fong Christopher , Schumann Dirk 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpherulitic concretions are very rare among carbonate concretions that generally consist of micritic carbonate. The occurrence of spherulitic concretions in Cambro-Ordovician black shales of unknown stratigraphic age on a mid-channel island in the St Lawrence Estuary in Quebec is a new example in addition to only three hitherto reported occurrences of spherulitic carbonate concretions. Their origin is still poorly understood. These concretions occur in close association with, and show various transitions to, cone-in-cone structure. The spherules, measuring 0.5 to 12 mm in diameter, consist of intergrown fine fibres of ferroan calcite and quartzine, pointing to the formation of the concretions below the sulfate-reduction zone. A phenomenological theory of spherulitic crystallization relates the thickness δ of an impurity-rich layer in front of impurity-rejecting growing crystals to the impurity-diffusion coefficient D and the growth velocity G of the crystal by δ = D/G. In spherulite-forming environments, extremely small values of δ (in the order of <10−4 cm) in conjunction with cellulation lead to spherulitic fibre growth. The theory of spherulitic crystallization is here applied to sedimentary deposits for the first time. The intimate association of calcite and quartzine in the concretions requires a chemical change from alkaline to acidic conditions, which occurs below the carbonate-reduction zone owing to the dissolution of sponge spicules or radiolarians. The transition from spherulite to the silica-free cone-in-cone structure occurs when the silica reservoir that acted as an impurity is exhausted in the crystallization process.
The age-thickening of sweetened condensed milk: II. Effects of temperature and of storage
Authors: Samel Ruth , Muers M. M. 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe rate of age-thickening of separated sweetened condensed milk increased with decreasing condensing temperature, over the range 55–22°C. Preheating the milk for 10 min at 85°C reduced the destabilizing effect of low condensing temperatures.Changes take place after condensing which have the effect of decreasing the rate of age-thickening during subsequent high-temperature storage. These changes are complete in about 2 weeks at room temperature but take longer at lower temperature.The hypothesis is put forward that the stabilizing effects of a moderately high condensing temperature, and of cool storage after condensing, are connected with the precipitation of insoluble salts, especially calcium phosphate. The effect of preheating is ascribed to the formation of nuclei of precipitated calcium phosphates which facilitates further precipitation during and after condensing.Experiments on age-thickening at a series of different temperatures with four batches of commercial condensed milk gave mean values for the temperature coefficients of increase in ‘initial’ and ‘permanent’ viscosity of 4·9 and 7·5 per 10 degC, respectively. The difference between these values is thought to support our previous conclusion that two different processes are involved.
Properties and mineralogy of topsoil in the town of Longyearbyen (Spitsbergen, Norway)
Authors: Szymański Wojciech , Siwek Janusz , Skiba Michał , Wojtuń Bronisław , Samecka-Cymerman Aleksandra , Pech Paweł , Polechońska Ludmiła , Smyrak-Sikora Aleksandra 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSoil is one of the most important constituents of an ecosystem, playing a crucial role in many environmental reactions and processes. Despite the fact that many environmental studies were conducted in the vicinity of Longyearbyen, very little is known about the physical and chemical properties as well as mineralogy of soils occurring in this town. Thus, the main aims of this study were: (1) to determine the texture, chemical properties and mineralogy of the topsoil horizons of urban soils occurring in the Longyearbyen area (Spitsbergen, Norway); and (2) to determine and explain their spatial distribution within the area of Longyearbyen. In general, the topsoils are characterised by loamy texture; acidic reaction; quite high content of total organic carbon (TOC); high content of Si, Al and Fe; and low content of K, Na, Ca, Mg and P. Quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, mica and chlorite are the prevailing minerals. Differences in the concentration of TOC, total nitrogen and elements in the topsoils are mainly related to the diversity of texture and mineralogy of the local parent material and the development of vegetation cover. The results indicate that topsoils in Longyearbyen are characterised by the natural properties and are not strongly transformed by human activity. However, pollution of soil with trace elements related to coal mining should be checked.
The Seismic Response to Injected Carbon Dioxide: Comparing Observations to Estimates Based Upon Fluid Flow Modeling
Authors: Vasco D. W. , Alfi Masoud , Hosseini Seyyed A. , Zhang Rui , Daley Thomas , Ajo‐Franklin Jonathan B. , Hovorka Susan D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTime‐lapse seismic amplitude differences and travel time shifts, obtained while monitoring enhanced oil recovery at Cranfield, Mississippi, reveal coherent changes that are associated with the injection of carbon dioxide. Rock physics modeling highlights the importance of the oil, brine, and gas content of pore fluids prior to the injection of carbon dioxide. For example, compressional velocity changes due to the injection of carbon dioxide can drop from 300 m/s to less than 100 m/s as the percentage of oil increases from 1% to 50%. Predictions based upon a new technique for modeling wave propagation in a poroelastic medium containing an arbitrary number of fluids, coupled with multicomponent numerical reservoir modeling at Cranfield, reproduce the general pattern of observed seismic amplitude changes and travel time shifts. In particular, time‐lapse amplitude changes suggest a significant and widespread lowering of compressional velocities due to the injection of CO2 into an aquifer bounding the oil rim of the reservoir. It appears that the large‐scale variations in preexisting pore fluid content have a major influence on seismic velocity changes, even in the highly heterogeneous reservoir at Cranfield.
Delineation of Damage Zones From 3 km Downhole Geophysical Logs in the Koyna Seismogenic Zone, Western India
Authors: Goswami Deepjyoti , Roy Sukanta , Akkiraju Vyasulu V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDelineation of subsurface faults and damage zones is a major goal of scientific drilling projects in seismically active areas. Geophysical logs acquired in a 3‐km deep scientific borehole KFD1 in the Koyna seismogenic zone, a site of recurrent reservoir triggered seismicity over the past 55 years, provide an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the rock properties and delineate the fault zones. KFD1 passed through 1,247‐m thick Deccan traps and continued for 1,767 m into the underlying granitic basement rocks that host the seismic activity in the depth range 2–10 km. We have studied the physical properties and acoustic behavior of basement granitoids from the analysis of geophysical logs from 1,500 to 3,000 m. Salient results are as follows. (1) Seven anomalous zones are identified below 2,100‐m depth based on electrical resistivity, caliper, density, neutron porosity, self‐potential, and sonic data. (2) The anomalous zones are characterized by significant shear wave velocity anisotropy (up to 25%), as revealed by cross‐dipole sonic data. (3) Dispersion analysis of dipole flexural modes confirms that the anisotropy is primarily stress induced; fast polarized shear wave azimuth (FSA) therefore indicates the orientation of maximum horizontal compressive stress SHmax. (4) Comparison of FSA with independent estimates of SHmax orientations obtained from drilling induced tensile fractures and strike of inclined fractures in the anisotropic zones shows that FSA is controlled mainly by the stress regime. Therefore, the stress rotations inferred from anisotropy analyses in the anomalous zones indicate their association with subsurface fault damage zones.
Methylation age acceleration does not predict mortality in schizophrenia
Authors: Kowalec Kaarina , Hannon Eilis , Mansell Georgina , Burrage Joe , Ori Anil P. S. , Ophoff Roel A. , Mill Jonathan , Sullivan Patrick F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia (SCZ) is associated with high mortality. DNA methylation levels vary over the life course, and pre-selected combinations of methylation array probes can be used to estimate “methylation age” (mAge). mAge correlates highly with chronological age but when it differs, termed mAge acceleration, it has been previously associated with all-cause mortality. We tested the association between mAge acceleration and mortality in SCZ and controls. We selected 190 SCZ cases and 190 controls from the Sweden Schizophrenia Study. Cases were identified from the Swedish Hospital Discharge Register with ≥5 specialist treatment contacts and ≥5 antipsychotic prescriptions. Controls had no psychotic disorder or antipsychotics. Subjects were selected if they had died or survived during follow-up (2:1 oversampling). Extracted DNA was assayed on the Illumina MethylationEPIC array. mAge was regressed on age at sampling to obtain mAge acceleration. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, the association between mAge acceleration and mortality was tested. After quality control, the following were available:n = 126 SCZ died, 63 SCZ alive, 127 controls died, 62 controls alive. In the primary analyses, we did not find a significant association between mAge acceleration and SCZ mortality (adjustedp > 0.005). Sensitivity analyses excluding SCZ cases with pre-existing cancer demonstrated a significant association between the Hannum mAge acceleration and mortality (hazard ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.22,p = 0.005). Per our pre-specified criteria, we did not confirm our primary hypothesis that mAge acceleration would predict subsequent mortality in people with SCZ, but we cannot rule out smaller effects or effects in patient subsets.
Direct measurement of nanostructural change during in situ deformation of a bulk metallic glass
Authors: Pekin Thomas C. , Ding Jun , Gammer Christoph , Ozdol Burak , Ophus Colin , Asta Mark , Ritchie Robert O. , Minor Andrew M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo date, there has not yet been a direct observation of the initiation and propagation of individual defects in metallic glasses during deformation at the nanoscale. Here, we show through a combination of in situ nanobeam electron diffraction and large-scale molecular dynamics simulations that we can directly observe changes to the local short to medium range atomic ordering during the formation of a shear band. We observe experimentally a spatially resolved reduction of order prior to shear banding due to increased strain. We compare this to molecular dynamics simulations, in which a similar reduction in local order is seen, and caused by shear transformation zone activation, providing direct experimental evidence for this proposed nucleation mechanism for shear bands in amorphous solids. Our observation serves as a link between the atomistic molecular dynamics simulation and the bulk mechanical properties, providing insight into how one could increase ductility in glassy materials.
Heterochronic faecal transplantation boosts gut germinal centres in aged mice
Authors: Stebegg Marisa , Silva-Cayetano Alyssa , Innocentin Silvia , Jenkins Timothy P. , Cantacessi Cinzia , Gilbert Colin , Linterman Michelle A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAgeing is a complex multifactorial process associated with a plethora of disorders, which contribute significantly to morbidity worldwide. One of the organs significantly affected by age is the gut. Age-dependent changes of the gut-associated microbiome have been linked to increased frailty and systemic inflammation. This change in microbial composition with age occurs in parallel with a decline in function of the gut immune system; however, it is not clear whether there is a causal link between the two. Here we report that the defective germinal centre reaction in Peyer’s patches of aged mice can be rescued by faecal transfers from younger adults into aged mice and by immunisations with cholera toxin, without affecting germinal centre reactions in peripheral lymph nodes. This demonstrates that the poor germinal centre reaction in aged animals is not irreversible, and that it is possible to improve this response in older individuals by providing appropriate stimuli.
Functional testing of thousands of osteoarthritis-associated variants for regulatory activity
Authors: Klein Jason C. , Keith Aidan , Rice Sarah J. , Shepherd Colin , Agarwal Vikram , Loughlin John , Shendure Jay 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo date, genome-wide association studies have implicated at least 35 loci in osteoarthritis but, due to linkage disequilibrium, the specific variants underlying these associations and the mechanisms by which they contribute to disease risk have yet to be pinpointed. Here, we functionally test 1,605 single nucleotide variants associated with osteoarthritis for regulatory activity using a massively parallel reporter assay. We identify six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with differential regulatory activity between the major and minor alleles. We show that the most significant SNP, rs4730222, exhibits differential nuclear protein binding in electrophoretic mobility shift assays and drives increased expression of an alternative isoform ofHBP1in a heterozygote chondrosarcoma cell line, in a CRISPR-edited osteosarcoma cell line, and in chondrocytes derived from osteoarthritis patients. This study provides a framework for prioritization of GWAS variants and highlights a role ofHBP1and Wnt signaling in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.