bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a predictive model for stromal content in prostate cancer samples to improve signature performance
Authors: Boufaied Nadia , Takhar Mandeep , Nash Claire , Erho Nicholas , Bismar Tarek A , Davicioni Elai , Thomson Axel A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProstate cancer is heterogeneous in both cellular composition and patient outcome, and development of biomarker signatures to distinguish indolent from aggressive tumours is a high priority. Stroma plays an important role during prostate cancer progression and undergoes histological and transcriptional changes associated with disease. However, identification and validation of stromal markers is limited by a lack of datasets with defined stromal/tumour ratio. We have developed a prostate‐selective signature to estimate the stromal content in cancer samples of mixed cellular composition. We identified stromal‐specific markers from transcriptomic datasets of developmental prostate mesenchyme and prostate cancer stroma. These were experimentally validated in cell lines, datasets of known stromal content, and by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples to verify stromal‐specific expression. Linear models based upon six transcripts were able to infer the stromal content and estimate stromal composition in mixed tissues. The best model had a coefficient of determinationR2of 0.67. Application of our stromal content estimation model in various prostate cancer datasets led to improved performance of stromal predictive signatures for disease progression and metastasis. The stromal content of prostate tumours varies considerably; consequently, deconvolution of stromal proportion may yield better results than tumour cell deconvolution. We suggest that adjusting expression data for cell composition will improve stromal signature performance and lead to better prognosis and stratification of men with prostate cancer. © 2019 The Authors.The Journal of Pathologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Macrothrombocytopenia associated with a rare GFI1B missense variant confounding the presentation of immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Cheng Aaron N. , Bao Erik L. , Fiorini Claudia , Sankaran Vijay G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGrowth factor‐independent 1B (GFI1B) variants are a rare cause of thrombocytopenia. We report on a male child who was initially diagnosed with immune thrombocytopenia. However, subtle clinical signs led to suspicion of a genetic cause of thrombocytopenia. Gene panel sequencing revealed a rare variant in GFI1B (C168F), which has recently been reported in several families with thrombocytopenia. We demonstrate that this variant significantly alters platelet parameters in population studies. This case highlights how diagnoses of exclusion, such as immune thrombocytopenia, can be confounded by genetic variation. Our understanding of blood disorders will undoubtedly evolve from an increased knowledge of human genetic variation.
Experience of parents receiving results from a quality‐of‐life study in pediatric advanced cancer: A report from the PediQUEST study
Authors: Bilodeau Madeline , Dussel Veronica , Wolfe Joanne 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLittle is known about the experience of parents receiving results of quality‐of‐life research in pediatric advanced cancer. The PediQUEST study participants who indicated interest in results during enrollment were mailed summarized findings and the Disseminating Quality‐of‐Life Research Questionnaire. Respondents (86%,12/14) reported feeling more than “a little” recognized, grateful, or satisfied to receive results. Concurrently, 43% (6/14) endorsed feeling more than “a little” sad, confused, or anxious. Nonetheless, 81% (13/16) prefer to be informed in the future. Although parents experience a spectrum of strong emotions, our findings suggest quality‐of‐life study results should be shared.
Psychosocial and behavioral pathways of metabolic syndrome in cancer caregivers
Authors: Steel Jennifer L. , Cheng Hannah , Pathak Ritambhara , Wang Yisi , Miceli Jessica , Hecht Carol Lynn , Haggerty Denise , Peddada Shyamal , Geller David A. , Marsh Wallis , Antoni Michael , Jones Reyna , Kamarck Thomas , Tsung Allan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveCancer caregivers are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. The aims of this study were to examine psychosocial and behavioral predictors of metabolic syndrome, an intermediate endpoint of CVD.MethodsCancer caregivers were administered a battery of questionnaires assessing sociodemographic characteristics, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, caregiver quality of life, sleep, physical activity, alcohol and tobacco use, social support, relationship quality, and loneliness. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the American Heart Association guidelines and the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III, which includes the presence of at least three of the following abnormalities: blood pressure, glucose, abdominal girth, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides.ResultsOf the 104 caregivers, 77% were female, 94% were Caucasian, and the mean age was 59.5 (SD = 12.8). Of the 104 caregivers, 35.6% reported depressive symptoms in the clinical range of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) and 69.2% reported Perceived Stress Scale scores at least one standard deviation above the general population norms. A total of 16.3% of caregivers currently used tobacco, 28.8% consumed alcohol, and 26.7% were overweight (BMI = 25‐29.9) and 48.5% were obese (BMI ≥ 30). Forty‐nine percent of the caregivers met the criteria for metabolic syndrome. After age, gender, and race were adjusted, the following remained as significant predictors of metabolic syndrome: low levels of caregiver quality of life (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.067; 95% CI, 1.019‐1.117; P = .006), high levels of hostility (OR = 1.142; 95% CI, 1.030‐1.267; P = .012), and current alcohol use (OR = 4.193; 95% CI, 1.174‐14.978; P = .027).ConclusionDevelopment of interventions to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome in cancer caregivers is recommended.
Effects of curcumin supplementation on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress among healthy overweight and obese girl adolescents: A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Saraf‐Bank Sahar , Ahmadi Alireza , Paknahad Zamzam , Maracy Mohammadreza , Nourian Mojgan 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionIt is well known that there is a strong linkage between obesity, systemic low‐grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in the pediatric population. Possible strategies that might control obesity and its relevant problems in this crucial group are of utmost importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin supplements on inflammation, oxidative stress, and chemerin levels in adolescent girls.MethodsTotally, 60 overweight and obese adolescent girls were randomly assigned to either placebo or intervention group in a randomized placebo‐controlled parallel trial design. Adolescents consumed one 500‐mg curcumin or placebo per day along with a slight weight loss diet for 10 weeks. High‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), chemerin levels, and anthropometric measurements were assessed at the beginning and end of the trial.ResultsCurcumin supplementation had a significant effect on IL‐6 levels and oxidative stress markers including TAC and MDA in crude model. After controlling the effects of confounders, curcumin supplementation had a substantial effect on inflammation (hs‐CRP and IL‐6) and oxidative stress (TAC) marker of adolescents.DiscussionTen weeks of curcumin supplementation had beneficial effects on inflammation and oxidative stress markers among postpubescent overweight and obese girl adolescents.
Meridional structure and future changes of tropopause height and temperature
Authors: Hu Shineng , Vallis Geoffrey K. 
Published: June 2019

We use a simple, semianalytic, column model to understand better the meridional structure of the tropopause height and future changes in its height and temperature associated with global warming. The model allows us to separate the effects of tropospheric lapse rate, optical depth, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and stratospheric cooling on the tropopause height. When applied locally at each latitudinal band, the model predicts the overall meridional structure of the tropopause height, with a tropical tropopause substantially higher than in higher latitudes and a sharp transition at the edge of the extratropics. The large optical depth of the Tropics, due mainly to the large water‐vapour path, is the dominant tropospheric effect producing the higher tropical tropopause, whereas the larger tropical lapse rate actually acts to lower the tropopause height. The dynamical cooling induced by the stratospheric circulation lifts the thermal tropopause in the Tropics further, resulting in it being significantly cooler and higher than in mid‐ and high‐latitudes.The model quantifies the causes of the tropopause height increase with global warming that is found robustly in climate integrations from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The large spread in the increase rate of tropopause height in the CMIP5 model is captured by the simple model, which attributes the dominant contributions to changes in water‐vapour path and lapse rate, with changes in CO2 concentration and OLR having much smaller direct effects. The CMIP5 models also show a small but robust increase in the tropopause temperature in low latitudes, with a much smaller increase in higher latitudes. We suggest that the tropical increase may be caused at least in part by nongrey effects in the radiative transfer associated with the higher levels of water vapour in the Tropics, with near‐constant tropopause temperatures predicted otherwise.
Some New Pyrazolyl Pyrazolones and Cyanopyrazolyl Acrylates: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Singh Sushma , Prakash Richa , Dua Neha , Sharma Chetan , Pundeer Rashmi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present work is aimed to report several new synthetically and medicinally important pyrazole derivatives. Herein, a series of new 3‐amino‐4‐((3‐aryl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl) methylene)‐1H‐pyrazol‐5(4H)‐ones (4) were synthesized by the reaction of ethyl 2‐cyano‐3‐(3‐aryl‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl) acrylates (3) and hydrazine hydrate in good yields. All the fourteen compounds (3 and 4) were evaluated for the in vitro antibacterial activity against, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis (Gram Positive), Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram negative) and the antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The tested compounds were found to be active against both the Gram positive strains.
Nitrogen Engineering on 3D Dandelion‐Flower‐Like CoS2 for High‐Performance Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Yao Na , Li Peng , Zhou Zirui , Meng Ran , Cheng Gongzhen , Luo Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSearching for highly efficient and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is highly desirable for the practical application of water electrolysis under alkaline electrolyte. Although electrocatalysts based on transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are widely studied as efficient (pre)catalysts toward OER under alkaline media, their HER performances are far less than the state‐of‐the‐art Pt catalyst. Herein, the synthesis of nitrogen doped 3D dandelion‐flower‐like CoS2 architecture directly grown on Ni foam (N‐CoS2/NF) is reported that possesses outstanding HER activity and durability, with an overpotential of 28 mV to obtain the current density of 10 mA cm−2, exceeding almost all the documented TMS‐based electrocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations and experimental results reveal that the d‐band center of CoS2 could be efficiently tailored by N doping, resulting in optimized adsorption free energies of hydrogen (ΔG*H) and water , which can accelerate the HER process in alkaline electrolyte. Besides, the resulting N‐CoS2/NF also displays excellent performance for OER, making it a high‐performance bifunctional electrocatalyst toward overall water splitting, with a cell voltage of 1.50 V to achieve 10 mA cm−2.
Constructing Patch‐Ni‐Shelled Pt@Ni Nanoparticles within Confined Nanoreactors for Catalytic Oxidation of Insoluble Polysulfides in Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Liu Yang , Kou Wei , Li Xiangcun , Huang Chuqing , Shui Ruobing , He Gaohong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReducing the deposit of discharge products and suppressing the polysulfide shuttle are critical to enhancing reaction kinetics in Li‐S batteries. Herein, a Pt@Ni core–shell bimetallic catalyst with a patch‐like or complete Ni shell based on a confined catalysis reaction in porous carbon spheres is reported. The Pt nanodots can effectively direct and catalyze in situ reduction of Ni2+ ions to form core–shell catalysts with a seamless interface that facilitates the charge transfer between the two metals. Thus, the bimetallic catalysts offer a synergic effect on catalyzing reactions, which shows dual functions for catalytic oxidation of insoluble polysulfides to soluble polysulfides by effectively reducing the energy barrier with simultaneous strong adsorption, ensuring a high reversible capacity and cycling stability. A novel process based on the Pt@Ni core–shell bimetallic catalyst with a patch‐like Ni shell is proposed: electronic migration from Ni to Pt forces Ni to activate Li2S2/Li2S molecules by promoting the transformation of Li‐S‐Li to Ni‐S‐Li, consequently releasing Li+ and free electrons, simultaneously enhancing protonic/electronic conductivity. The presence of the intermediate state Ni‐S‐Li is more active to oxidize Li2S to polysulfides. The Li2S bound to adjacent Pt sites reacts with abundant ‐S‐Li species and then releases the Pt sites for the next round of reactions.
An osmotic computing infrastructure for urban pollution monitoring
Authors: Longo Antonella , Zappatore Marco , De Matteis Andrea 
Published: June 2019

SummaryUrban pollution control systems suffer from the presence of fixed stations in a greater number than mobile monitoring devices. Data gathered from such stations provide detailed and reliable information, thanks to equipment quality and effective measuring protocols, but these sampled data are gathered from very limited areas and through discontinuous monitoring campaigns. Fortunately, the spread of technologies for mobility has fostered the development of new approaches like mobile crowdsensing (MCS), increasing the chances of using mobile devices, even personal ones, as suitable sensors for the urban monitoring scenario. Nevertheless, one of the open challenges is the management of integrated heterogeneous data flows, differing in terms of typology, technical specifications (eg, transmission protocols), and semantics. The osmotic computing paradigm aims at creating an abstract level between mobile devices/Internet‐of‐Things devices and a cloud platform, which enables opportunistic filtering and the addition of metadata for improving the data processing flow. This work focuses on the design and development of a middleware that integrates data coming from mobile and Internet‐of‐Things devices specifically deployed in urban contexts using the osmotic computing paradigm. Moreover, a component of the osmotic membrane has been developed for security management.
Effizienter Stahlbau für solarthermische Kraftwerke
Authors: Weinrebe Gerhard , Balz Markus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSolarthermische Kraftwerke mit ihren großen thermischen Speichern stellen elektrische Energie planbar und kostengünstig bereit. Die quadratkilometergroßen Kollektorfelder dieser Anlagen bestehen aus beweglichen Leichtbau‐Stahlstrukturen, die Spiegelflächen so dem Lauf der Sonne nachführen, dass das konzentrierte Sonnenlicht in Wärme umgewandelt und einem Dampfkraftprozess zugeführt werden kann. Die Anforderungen an die Kollektoren bezüglich Kosten, Steifigkeit und Präzision definieren gemeinsam eine spannende Herausforderung für Ingenieure. Im Bericht wird das Funktionsprinzip der Kraftwerke und ihrer Kollektoren kurz vorgestellt. Am Beispiel zweier moderner Kollektoren – Parabolrinnenkollektor und Heliostat – wird die jeweilige Bauweise und ihre Besonderheiten erläutert werden.
Photovoltaik‐Überdachung eines Parkdecks
Authors: Moor Dieter , Fink Michaela 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIm November 2018 wurde der neu errichtete Bau‐ und Gartenmarkt Hellweg in Fürstenfeld, Österreich, für die Kundinnen und Kunden eröffnet. Dieser Eröffnung gingen Monate voller Planung und der tatsächlichen Errichtung voraus. Die Themen der Nachhaltigkeit und des sozialen Engagements sind für die Bauherren wichtige Unternehmenswerte, die bei der Errichtung des Baumarkts unbedingt Berücksichtigung finden mussten. Eine weitere Herausforderung, die sich aus dem Standort ergab, stellte die Reglementierung im Bundesland Steiermark dar, nach welcher bei der Mindestanzahl an Stellplätzen eine Doppelbenutzung vorliegen muss. Um die Unternehmenswerte in den Bau der KundInnenparkplätze einfließen zu lassen und zudem die Reglementierung der Steiermark zu berücksichtigen, wurde nach ausführlicher Planung eine halbtransparente Horizontalverglasung aus Verbundsicherheitsglas (VSG) mit Solarzellen realisiert. Um nachhaltig Strom erzeugen zu können, wäre eine aufgeständerte Photovoltaikkonstruktion auf einem konventionellen Leichtdach ebenfalls infrage gekommen, jedoch fiel die Entscheidung aufgrund unterschiedlicher Gründe auf die transluzente Photovoltaikvariante.
Cover Image, Volume 9, Issue 4
Authors: Chan H. C. Stephen , Pan Lu , Li Yi , Yuan Shuguang 
Published: June 2019

The cover image is based on the Advanced Review Rationalization of stereoselectivity in enzyme reactions by Shuguang Yuan, Lu Pan, Yi Li, and H. C. Stephen Chan. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.1403
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Hybrid silica aerogel nanocomposite adsorbents designed for Cd(II) removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Shariatinia Zahra , Esmaeilzadeh Alireza 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHybrid silica aerogel (HSA) nanoparticles were synthesized by sol–gel method and drying at ambient pressure. Also, two magnetic nanocomposites of HSA with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and chitosan (CS) were prepared including HSA‐Fe3O4 and HSA‐Fe3O4‐CS. The morphology, structure, and magnetic properties of the HSA as well as its nanocomposites were analyzed by SEM, XRD, TGA, VSM, and ATR‐FTIR techniques. The saturation magnetization (Ms) values for the Fe3O4 NPs, HSA‐Fe3O4, and HSA‐Fe3O4‐CS nanocomposite film were 69.93, 19.04, and 5.77 emu/g, respectively. Furthermore, the abilities of the HSA, HSA‐Fe3O4, CS, and HSA‐Fe3O4‐CS adsorbents were assessed for removal of cadmium(II) heavy metal ions (100 ppm) from aqueous solution. All adsorbents removed/adsorbed the maximum Cd(II) ions in 120 min when adsorbent dosage = 20 mg and pH = 8. Moreover, the highest adsorption capacities were 58.5, 69.4, 65.8, and 71.9 mg/g for the HSA, CS, HSA‐Fe3O4, and HSA‐Fe3O4‐CS, respectively. Kinetic studies using all adsorbents verified that Cd(II) adsorption obeyed the second‐order model illustrating the analyte chemisorption was happened on the adsorbent surfaces. All adsorption data were well consistent with the Langmuir isotherms. The reusability experiment confirmed that all of adsorbents could preserve >95% of their initial adsorption capacities even after five series of adsorption/desorption tests.Practitioner points

Hybrid silica aerogel (HSA), HSA‐Fe3O4, and HSA‐Fe3O4‐CS adsorbents were produced.

Nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, TGA, SEM, VSM, and ATR‐FTIR analysis.

Adsorption of cadmium(II) ions by adsorbents was examined in aqueous solution.

The highest adsorption capacity was obtained for the HSA‐Fe3O4‐CS (71.9 mg/g).

Cd(II) adsorption followed second‐order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm model.
Fuzzy trees and forests—Review
Authors: Sosnowski Zenon A. , Gadomer Łukasz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractData classification and regression are commonly encountered data analysis problems. Many researchers created multiple tools to deal with these issues. Fuzzy clustering, fuzzy decision trees, and ensemble classifiers such as fuzzy forests are popular tools used for this kind of problems. We would like to describe some interesting, more or less popular, solutions which belong to mentioned areas to show the way they deal with data classification and regression problems. This paper is divided into four parts. In the first part we present the issue of fuzzy clustering, which is one of the most important aspects of fuzzy trees which base on clusters. Some methods of splitting objects into clusters using fuzzy logic are described there. The second part describes different fuzzy decision trees. The way these trees can deal with classification and regression problems is presented. In the third part the issue of forests—ensemble classifiers which consist of fuzzy trees—is described. The last part treats about the way of performing weighted decision making in fuzzy forests.This article is categorized under:Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data MiningTechnologies > ClassificationTechnologies > PredictionTechnologies > Machine Learning
Elemental distribution by synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence of prostate 3D cell culture
Authors: Rocha K.M.J. , Leitão R.G. , Oliveira‐Barros E.G. , Oliveira M.A. , Canellas C.G.L. , Anjos M.J. , Nasciutti L.E. , Lopes R.T. 
Published: June 2019

Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent disease and ranks second among malignant neoplasms that affect men around the world, behind lung cancer alone. Trace elements are very important and are involved in many cellular processes. The X‐ray microfluorescence technique is an advanced tool of high spatial resolution, sensitivity, multielemental analysis, and nondestructiveness for trace element study. This study aimed to investigate the elemental distribution in spheroids obtained through the following human prostate cell lines using synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence: tumor cell line androgen independent (DU145), tumor cell line androgen dependent (LNCaP), and normal cell line (RWPE‐1). The measurements were performed with a standard geometry of 45° of incidence, excited by a white beam using a pixel of 25 μm and an acquisition time of 300 ms/pixel at the X‐ray fluorescence beamline at the Synchrotron Light National Laboratory (Campinas, Brazil). The synchrotron X‐ray microfluorescence results showed differences between groups in all elements analyzed and suggested that further studies should be performed to understand the relationship of these trace elements with the progression and development of the disease.