bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superior Canal Dehiscence Surgery Outcomes Following Failed Round Window Surgery
Authors: Chemtob Raphaelle A. , Noij Kimberley S. , Qureshi Ahad A. , Klokker Mads , Nakajima Hideko Heidi , Lee Daniel J. 
Published: March 2019

Objective:
Round window (RW) occlusion or reinforcement is a less-invasive option compared with direct repair approaches to improve symptoms of superior canal dehiscence (SCD) syndrome. However, RW surgery is associated with variable outcomes. Middle fossa craniotomy or transmastoid repair is an option for SCD patients who fail RW surgery, but it is unknown whether sequential repair following RW plugging improves SCD symptoms or increases complications. The objective of this study is to evaluate outcomes of SCD repair via middle fossa craniotomy following failed RW surgery.

Study Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Academic tertiary care center.

Patients:
Adult patients with SCD syndrome who underwent failed RW surgery followed by sequential middle fossa craniotomy and plugging of the arcuate eminence defect. Patients with SCD associated with the superior petrosal sinus were excluded.

Intervention:
None.

Main Outcome Measure:
Prospectively collected pre- and postoperative symptom questionnaires, threshold audiograms, and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP).

Results:
Seven SCD patients (out of a total of 194 surgical cases at our institution) underwent sequential middle-fossa SCD repair following failed RW surgery. Resolution of symptoms and reversal of diagnostic indicators were observed in the majority of subjects following sequential repair. Two of seven patients underwent a third procedure with plugging of the superior semicircular canal by a transmastoid approach due to the presence of residual symptoms.

Conclusion:
Middle fossa craniotomy and SCD occlusion is a safe and reasonable option for patients who fail RW surgery. Our cohort did not show increased risks of auditory or vestibular dysfunction.
Genetic diversity of clinicalBordetella pertussisST2 strains in comparison with vaccine reference strains of India
Authors: Sharma Naresh Chand , Anandan Shalini , Devanga Ragupathi Naveen Kumar , Muthuirulandi Sethuvel Dhiviya Prabaa , Vasudevan Karthick , Kumar Dhirendra , Gupta Sushil Kumar , Sangal Lucky , Murugesan Vijayalakshmi , Veeraraghavan Balaji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPertussis is a highly contagious disease of the respiratory tract caused byBordetella pertussis, a bacteria that lives in the mouth, nose, and throat. Current study reports the highly accurate complete genomes of two clinicalB. pertussisstrains from India for the first time. The analysis revealed insertional elements flanked by IS481, which has been previously regarded as the important component for bacterial evolution. The twoB. pertussisclinical strains exhibited diversity through genome degradation when compared to whole-cell pertussis vaccine reference strains of India. These isolates harboured multiple genetic virulence traits and toxin subunits, which belonged to sequence type ST2. The genome information of Indian clinicalB. pertussisstrains will serve as a baseline data to decipher more information on the genome evolution, virulence factors and their role in pathogenesis for effective vaccine strategies.
Candlelight demonstrations and the presidential impeachment in South Korea
Authors: Kang Shin-Goo 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze the short-term and long-term causes of the candlelight demonstrations and the ensuing presidential impeachment in South Korea, as well as the characteristics of the organization that planned the candlelight demonstrations and the participants of them.

Design/methodology/approach
The research is based on the previous literature, news articles, as well as various surveys on the randomly selected participants of the demonstrations and on a representative sample of Korean electorate, including non-participants as well.

Findings
The candlelight demonstrations, although “triggered” by a news report, would not have occurred, without angers and discontents accumulated over the president’s whole term by the irregularities and wrongdoings of the administration. The system of checks and balances in democratic system did not work properly. In that regard, the candlelight demonstrations and the ensuing presidential impeachment were just an unanticipated expression of the problems and defects built in the Korean democratic system of 1987, which would have found a way out in any form eventually.

Originality/value
Based on the analysis of the candlelight demonstrations and the ensuing presidential impeachment, the paper suggests instructive implications on a new democracy as well as on modern representative democracies that are in jeopardy now.
Dissonance on perceptions of end‐of‐life needs between health‐care providers and members of the public: Quantitative cross‐sectional surveys
Authors: Cardona Magnolia , Lewis Ebony , Shanmugam Shantiban , Nicholson Margaret , Williamson Margaret , Hanly Laura , Hillman Ken 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate views, determinants and barriers to end‐of‐life discussions for doctors, nurses and members of the public (MoP) and their acceptability of risk prediction tools.MethodsConcurrent surveys of 360 doctors and nurses and 497 MoP.ResultsSixty per cent of clinicians reported high confidence in initiating end‐of‐life discussions, and 55.8% regularly engaged in them. Barriers to end‐of‐life communication reported by clinicians were uncertainty on the likely time to death (44.7%) and family requests to withhold information from patients (44.2%). By contrast, most (92.8%) MoP wanted information about life expectancy; 89.9% wanted involvement in treatment decisions if the likelihood of death was high; and 23.8% already had an advance care directive.ConclusionsA dissonance exists between doctor/nurses perception of older peoples’ preference for receiving prognostic information and the public desire for involvement in decision‐making at the end of life. As public attitudes change, strategies for greater involvement of patients in shared end‐of‐life planning are warranted.
Evaluation of an intraventricular balloon pump for short‐term support of patients with heart failure
Authors: Boone Alice C. , Gregory Shaun D. , Wu Eric L. , Stephens Andrew , Liao Sam , Pauls Jo P. , Salamonsen Robert , Fraser John , Tansley Geoff D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe high cost of ventricular assist devices results in poor cost‐effectiveness when used as a short‐term bridging solution, thus a low‐cost alternative is desirable. The present study aimed to develop an intraventricular balloon pump (IVBP) for short‐term circulatory support, and to evaluate the effect of balloon actuation timing on the degree of cardiac support provided to a simulated in vitro severe heart failure (SHF) patient. A silicone IVBP was designed to avoid contact with internal left ventricular (LV) features (ie, papillary muscles, chordae, aortic, and mitral valves) based on LV computed tomography data of 10 SHF patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The hemodynamic effects of varying balloon inflation and deflation timing parameters (inflation duty [D] and end‐inflation point [σ]) were evaluated in a purpose‐built systemic mock circulatory loop. Three IVBP actuation timing categories were defined: co‐, transitional, and counterpulsation. Compared to the SHF baseline, co‐pulsation increased aortic flow from 3.5 to 5.2 L/min, mean arterial pressure from 72.1 to 94.8 mmHg and ejection fraction from 14.4% to 21.5%, while mean left atrial pressure decreased from 14.6 to 10 mmHg. Transitional and counterpulsation resulted in a double ventricular pulse and extended the duration of increased ventricular pressure, potentially impeding diastolic filling and coronary perfusion. This in vitro study showed the IVBP could restore the hemodynamic balance of a simulated SHF patient with dilated cardiomyopathy to healthy levels.
Cerebellar, limbic, and midbrain volume alterations in sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Authors: Allen Luke A. , Vos Sjoerd B. , Kumar Rajesh , Ogren Jennifer A. , Harper Rebecca K. , Winston Gavin P. , Balestrini Simona , Wandschneider Britta , Scott Catherine A. , Ourselin Sebsatien , Duncan John S. , Lhatoo Samden D. , Harper Ronald M. , Diehl Beate 
Published: March 2019

SummaryObjectiveThe processes underlying sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) remain elusive, but centrally mediated cardiovascular or respiratory collapse is suspected. Volume changes in brain areas mediating recovery from extreme cardiorespiratory challenges may indicate failure mechanisms and allow prospective identification of SUDEP risk.MethodsWe retrospectively imaged SUDEP cases (n = 25), patients comparable for age, sex, epilepsy syndrome, localization, and disease duration who were high‐risk (n = 25) or low‐risk (n = 23), and age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (n = 25) with identical high‐resolution T1‐weighted scans. Regional gray matter volume, determined by voxel‐based morphometry, and segmentation‐derived structure sizes were compared across groups, controlling for total intracranial volume, age, and sex.ResultsSubstantial bilateral gray matter loss appeared in SUDEP cases in the medial and lateral cerebellum. This was less prominent in high‐risk subjects and absent in low‐risk subjects. The periaqueductal gray, left posterior and medial thalamus, left hippocampus, and bilateral posterior cingulate also showed volume loss in SUDEP. High‐risk subjects showed left thalamic volume reductions to a lesser extent. Bilateral amygdala, entorhinal, and parahippocampal volumes increased in SUDEP and high‐risk patients, with the subcallosal cortex enlarged in SUDEP only. Disease duration correlated negatively with parahippocampal volume. Volumes of the bilateral anterior insula and midbrain in SUDEP cases were larger the closer to SUDEP from magnetic resonance imaging.SignificanceSUDEP victims show significant tissue loss in areas essential for cardiorespiratory recovery and enhanced volumes in areas that trigger hypotension or impede respiratory patterning. Those changes may shed light on SUDEP pathogenesis and prospectively detect patterns identifying those at risk.
High, but stable, trend in the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus: A population‐based study in Xiamen, China
Authors: Yan Bing , Yu Yaxin , Lin Mingzhu , Li Zhibin , Wang Liying , Huang Peiying , Song Haiqu , Shi Xiulin , Yang Shuyu , Li Xiaoying , Li Xuejun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes prevalence in China has increased, but the trend in gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence is unclear. The objective of the present study was to examine the prevalence of gestational diabetes in Xiamen, China, and its association with maternal risk factors.Materials and MethodsThis linked‐database cohort study used the Medical Birth Registry of Xiamen. Between 1 March 2011 and 30 March 2018, 78,572 women who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were enrolled in the study. Maternal factors associated with the prevalence of GDM were examined using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 13,738 (17.6%) pregnant women were diagnosed with GDM according to the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. GDM prevalence ranged from 15.5% (2012) to 19.9% (2017). Increasing age was associated with GDM; women aged >40 years versus those aged >25 years had an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 5.91 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.202–8.314). A positive correlation was observed between weight and GDM risk; obese women versus normal‐weight women had an adjusted OR of 2.508 (95% CI 2.253–2.792). Family history of diabetes and hypertension were more commonly observed among women with GDM. Multivariate analysis showed that family history of diabetes (OR 1.101, 90% CI 1.028–1.180), weight gain during early pregnancy (OR 1.087, 90% CI 1.052–1.124) and systolic blood pressure (OR 1.015, 90% CI 1.011–1.020) were risk factors associated with GDM incidence.ConclusionsGDM affects 17.6% of all pregnant women in Xiamen. Age and maternal obesity were major contributors to GDM. The trend of GDM risk remained stable during the study.
The Effects of Incomplete Rating Designs in Combination With Rater Effects
Authors: Wind Stefanie A. , Jones Eli 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResearchers have explored a variety of topics related to identifying and distinguishing among specific types of rater effects, as well as the implications of different types of incomplete data collection designs for rater‐mediated assessments. In this study, we used simulated data to examine the sensitivity of latent trait model indicators of three rater effects (leniency, central tendency, and severity) in combination with different types of incomplete rating designs (systematic links, anchor performances, and spiral). We used the rating scale model and the partial credit model to calculate rater location estimates, standard errors of rater estimates, model–data fit statistics, and the standard deviation of rating scale category thresholds as indicators of rater effects and we explored the sensitivity of these indicators to rater effects under different conditions. Our results suggest that it is possible to detect rater effects when each of the three types of rating designs is used. However, there are differences in the sensitivity of each indicator related to type of rater effect, type of rating design, and the overall proportion of effect raters. We discuss implications for research and practice related to rater‐mediated assessments.
Existence, uniqueness, and stability of optimal payoffs of eligible assets
Authors: Baes Michel , Koch‐Medina Pablo , Munari Cosimo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn a capital adequacy framework, risk measures are used to determine the minimal amount of capital that a financial institution has to raise and invest in a portfolio of prespecified eligible assets in order to pass a given capital adequacy test. From a capital efficiency perspective, it is important to be able to do so at the lowest possible cost and to identify the corresponding portfolios, or, equivalently, their payoffs. We study the existence and uniqueness of such optimal payoffs as well as their behavior under a perturbation or an approximation of the underlying capital position. This behavior is naturally linked to the continuity properties of the set‐valued map that associates to each capital position the corresponding set of optimal eligible payoffs. Upper continuity can be ensured under fairly natural assumptions. Lower continuity is typically less easy to establish. While it is always satisfied in a polyhedral setting, it generally fails otherwise, even when the reference risk measure is convex. However, lower continuity can often be established for eligible payoffs that are close to being optimal. Besides capital adequacy, our results have a variety of natural applications to pricing, hedging, and capital allocation problems.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction and the Effect of Defibrillator Implantation in Patients With Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure
Authors: Elming Marie Bayer , Hammer-Hansen Sophia , Voges Inga , Nyktari Evangelia , Raja Anna Axelsson , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup , Pehrson Steen , Signorovitch James , Køber Lars Valeur , Prasad Sanjay K. , Thune Jens Jakob 
Published: March 2019

Background
Patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure are at an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, but more discriminating tools are needed to identify those patients likely to benefit from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Whether right ventricular (RV) ejection fraction (RVEF) can identify patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure more likely to benefit from ICD implantation is not yet known.

Methods
In this post hoc analysis of the DANISH trial (Danish Study to Assess the Efficacy of ICDs in Patients with Nonischemic Systolic Heart Failure on Mortality), patients with nonischemic systolic heart failure randomized to ICD or control underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance. RV systolic dysfunction was defined as RVEF ≤45%. Cox regression assessed the effects of RV function and ICD implantation on all-cause mortality, sudden cardiac death, and cardiovascular death.

Results

Overall, 239 patients had interpretable images of RV volume. Median RVEF was 51%, RV systolic dysfunction was present in 75 (31%) patients, and 55 (23%) patients died. RVEF was an independent predictor of all-cause mortality, hazards ratio 1.34 per 10% absolute decrease in RVEF (95% CI, 1.05–1.70),
P
=0.02. There was a statistically significant interaction between RVEF and the effect of ICD implantation (
P
=0.001). ICD implantation significantly reduced all-cause mortality in patients with RV systolic dysfunction, hazards ratio 0.41 (95% CI, 0.17–0.97),
P
=0.04 but not in patients without RV systolic dysfunction, hazards ratio 1.87 (95% CI, 0.85–3.92),
P
=0.12, (
P
=0.01 for the difference in effect of ICD between RV groups).

Conclusions
In this post hoc analysis of the DANISH trial, ICD therapy was associated with survival benefit in patients with biventricular heart failure. These findings need confirmation in a prospective study.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00542945.
Weisheitliche Idealbiografie und Ethik in Phil 3
Authors: Standhartinger Angela 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPaul models his autobiography in Phil 3:4–14 not as a paradigmatic embodiment of Phil 2:6–11 but as a Jewish sage. Framed by dramatic and apocalyptic passages, Phil 3:4–14 include the fundamental change of heart, when the wise one becomes aware that all advantages of noble birth and virtues count for nothing in comparison with the overwhelming gifts Wisdom resp. Christ will offer to those who constantly seek and love her and him. Like the sage of Sirach 51:13–30 and Wisdom of Solomon 6–9 Paul will never attain perfection. But similar to the Jewish sage he calls his students to join him in imitation (Phil 3:17). In accordance with ancient philosophy, rhetoric and ethics mimesis does not mean copying or imitation in a modern sense, but describes a creative activity, a call to take the ideal that Paul’s actions represent and join in applying it to one’s own behavior and actions.
Observations on the Disposition of Hebrews
Authors: Lang Friedrich Gustav 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe disposition of Hebrews is analyzed in terms of literary structure and significant proportions. The discussion of differing proposals for the letter leads to an outline of five main parts. Two christological sections (1:1–2:18; 7:1–10:18) alternate with two hortatory ones calling to faith (3:1–6:20; 10:19–12:29), then follow general exhortations (13:1–21), finally an epistolary appendix (13:22–25). The stichos of 15 syllables is introduced as the ancient standard measure of Greek prose. Counting stichoi in Hebrews reveals remarkable proportions seemingly due to intentional disposing. The letter’s first main part, for example, is half the size of the second one, and both together half the size of the whole. All results of the structural and stichometrical analysis are then condensed in a tabular outline.
Performance of Cancer Recurrence Algorithms After Coding Scheme Switch From International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision to International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision
Authors: Carroll Nikki M. , Ritzwoller Debra P. , Banegas Matthew P. , O’Keeffe-Rosetti Maureen , Cronin Angel M. , Uno Hajime , Hornbrook Mark C. , Hassett Michael J. 
Published: March 2019

PURPOSE We previously developed and validated informatic algorithms that used International Classification of Diseases 9th revision (ICD9)–based diagnostic and procedure codes to detect the presence and timing of cancer recurrence (the RECUR Algorithms). In 2015, ICD10 replaced ICD9 as the worldwide coding standard. To understand the impact of this transition, we evaluated the performance of the RECUR Algorithms after incorporating ICD10 codes. METHODS Using publicly available translation tables along with clinician and other expertise, we updated the algorithms to include ICD10 codes as additional input variables. We evaluated the performance of the algorithms using gold standard recurrence measures associated with a contemporary cohort of patients with stage I to III breast, colorectal, and lung (excluding IIIB) cancer and derived performance measures, including the area under the receiver operating curve, average absolute prediction error, and correct classification rate. These values were compared with the performance measures derived from the validation of the original algorithms. RESULTS A total of 659 colorectal, 280 lung, and 2,053 breast cancer cases were identified. Area under the receiver operating curve derived from the updated algorithms was 89.0% (95% CI, 82.3% to 95.7%), 88.9% (95% CI, 79.3% to 98.2%), and 80.5% (95% CI, 72.8% to 88.2%) for the colorectal, lung, and breast cancer algorithms, respectively. Average absolute prediction errors for recurrence timing were 2.7 (SE, 11.3%), 2.4 (SE, 10.4%), and 5.6 months (SE, 21.8%), respectively, and timing estimates were within 6 months of actual recurrence for more than 80% of colorectal, more than 90% of lung, and more than 50% of breast cancer cases using the updated algorithm. CONCLUSION Performance measures derived from the updated and original algorithms had overlapping confidence intervals, suggesting that the ICD9 to ICD10 transition did not affect the RECUR Algorithm performance.
Tratamiento de contenidos culturales en ELE: aproximaciones al diseño de material didáctico
Authors: Vargas Arévalo Angie Paola , Ávila González Andrea Katherine 
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo recoge una investigación que buscó analizar el tratamiento de los contenidos culturales y su incidencia en el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa intercultural en el material didáctico diseñado por docentes en formación en ELE. Para ello, se realizó un estudio documental sustentado en el análisis de contenido de 32 unidades didácticas; este se ejecutó a través de una lista de chequeo y tres matrices de clasificación diseñadas sobre la base procedimental planteada en el Plan Curricular del Instituto Cervantes y el Marco Común Europeo de Referencia para las lenguas en torno a las orientaciones metodológicas ylos objetivos de formación de un aprendiente hablante intercultural. Los hallazgos evidencian una visión de la cultura que ignora la relación interdependiente entre esta y la lengua, y que responde a una jerarquización entre lo culto, lo exótico y lo marginal, impidiendo un diseño de material que esté en consonancia con los contextos actuales de movilidad internacional y la necesidad de re-configuración de la identidad cultural que estos traen consigo.