bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) reliability and validity study: selected reliability and validity estimates
Authors: Tourangeau Roger , Yan Ting , Sun Hanyu , Hyland Andrew , Stanton Cassandra A 
Published: October 2018

IntroductionThis paper reports a study done to estimate the reliability and validity of answers to the Youth and Adult questionnaires of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.Methods407 adults and 117 youth respondents completed the wave 4 (2016–2017) PATH Study interview twice, 6–24 days apart. The reinterview data were used to estimate the reliability of answers to the questionnaire. Kappa statistics, gross discrepancy rates and correlations between answers to the initial interview and the reinterview were used to measure reliability. We examined every item in the questionnaire for which there were at least 100 observations. After the reinterview, most respondents provided a saliva sample that allowed us to assess the accuracy of their answers to the tobacco use questions.ResultsThere was generally a very high level of agreement between answers in the interview and reinterview. On the key current tobacco use items, the average kappa (the agreement rate adjusted for chance agreement) was 0.79 for adult respondents (age 18 or older). Youth respondents exhibited equally high levels of agreement across interviews. The items on current tobacco use also exhibited high levels of agreement with saliva test results (kappa=0.72). Rating scale items showed lower levels of exact agreement across interviews but the answers were generally within one scale point or category.ConclusionsThe PATH Study questions were developed using a careful protocol and the results indicate the answers provide reliable and valid information about tobacco use.
Pharmacological Inhibition of PARP6 Triggers Multipolar Spindle Formation and Elicits Therapeutic Effects in Breast Cancer
Authors: Wang Zebin , Grosskurth Shaun E. , Cheung Tony , Petteruti Philip , Zhang Jingwen , Wang Xin , Wang Wenxian , Gharahdaghi Farzin , Wu Jiaquan , Su Nancy , Howard Ryan T. , Mayo Michele , Widzowski Dan , Scott David A. , Johannes Jeffrey W. , Lamb Michelle L. , Lawson Deborah , Dry Jonathan R. , Lyne Paul D. , Tate Edward W. , Zinda Michael , Mikule Keith , Fawell Stephen E. , Reimer Corinne , Chen Huawei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

PARP proteins represent a class of post-translational modification enzymes with diverse cellular functions. Targeting PARPs has proven to be efficacious clinically, but exploration of the therapeutic potential of PARP inhibition has been limited to targeting poly(ADP-ribose) generating PARP, including PARP1/2/3 and tankyrases. The cancer-related functions of mono(ADP-ribose) generating PARP, including PARP6, remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we report a novel therapeutic strategy targeting PARP6 using the first reported PARP6 inhibitors. By screening a collection of PARP compounds for their ability to induce mitotic defects, we uncovered a robust correlation between PARP6 inhibition and induction of multipolar spindle (MPS) formation, which was phenocopied by PARP6 knockdown. Treatment with AZ0108, a PARP6 inhibitor with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, potently induced the MPS phenotype, leading to apoptosis in a subset of breast cancer cells in vitro and antitumor effects in vivo. In addition, Chk1 was identified as a specific substrate of PARP6 and was further confirmed by enzymatic assays and by mass spectrometry. Furthermore, when modification of Chk1 was inhibited with AZ0108 in breast cancer cells, we observed marked upregulation of p-S345 Chk1 accompanied by defects in mitotic signaling. Together, these results establish proof-of-concept antitumor efficacy through PARP6 inhibition and highlight a novel function of PARP6 in maintaining centrosome integrity via direct ADP-ribosylation of Chk1 and modulation of its activity.

Significance:
These findings describe a new inhibitor of PARP6 and identify a novel function of PARP6 in regulating activation of Chk1 in breast cancer cells.
Hsp70 Binds to the Androgen Receptor N-terminal Domain and Modulates the Receptor Function in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Dong Jun , Wu Zeyu , Wang Dan , Pascal Laura E. , Nelson Joel B. , Wipf Peter , Wang Zhou 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) is a key driver and therapeutic target in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer, castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and CRPC resistant to abiraterone and enzalutamide, two second-generation inhibitors of AR signaling. Because current AR inhibitors target a functioning C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD), the identification and characterization of cofactors interacting with the N-terminal domain (NTD) of AR may lead to new approaches to target AR signaling in CRPC. Using a pull-down approach coupled with proteomics, we have identified Hsp70 as a cofactor for the NTD of AR in prostate cancer cells. Hsp70 inhibition using siRNA or small molecules indicated that Hsp70 played an important role in the expression and transactivation of endogenous AR. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) promoter/enhancer-driven luciferase assays showed that Hsp70 was also required for transactivation of AR mutant lacking LBD. Furthermore, clonogenic assays showed that an Hsp70 inhibitor, either alone or in synergy with enzalutamide, can inhibit the proliferation of 22Rv1, a widely used enzalutamide-resistant CRPC prostate cancer cell line. These findings suggest that Hsp70 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of enzalutamide-resistant CRPC.
La Segregación Residencial Socioeconómica y su relación con la desigualdad económica en México
Authors: Medina Ortega Marco Antonio , Benavides Rodríguez Laura Elizabeth 
Published: October 2018

Existe una gran diversidad de perspectivas en las que se aborda el estudio de la ciudad. En los últimos años se observa un creciente interés por los trabajos que analizan la ciudad desde la vertiente de la desigualdad social y la segregación urbana. En este documento se presentan algunas reflexiones contemporáneas respecto al tema de la segregación residencial socioeconómica; el recorrido se realiza desde los primeros antecedentes de estudios sobre la segregación con la finalidad de concretar un marco analítico base, para posteriormente entrar en materia con el fenómeno de la segregación en la región latinoamericana, así como identificar los estudios de relevancia y concretar un breve estado de la cuestión que se sintetizará en la construcción de dos líneas del tiempo una para América Latina y otra para México. Sin embargo, nuestra intención es que el presente artículo sea una oportunidad para reflexionar sobre las diferencias y desigualdades socioeconómicas; y concientizar la percepción hacia otros grupos sociales que comparten con nosotros la jerárquica pirámide socioeconómica.
As compreensões intervencionistas da Psicologia Social comunitária latino-americana a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica e bibliométrica
Authors: Pontes Isabela Da Silva , Santos Viviani Teodoro dos , Cassandre Marcio Pascoal 
Published: October 2018

O objetivo do estudo é investigar a incidência de propostas intervencionistas de pesquisa pela Psicologia Social Comunitária Latino Americana (PSCLA). Realizou-se estudo bibliográfico e bibliométrico que revelou: i) baixo número de publicações porém em Qualis A1 e A2; ii) a maioria dos estudos são apresentados na língua portuguesa; iii) número de publicações oscilam conforme os anos, iv) os artigos encontrados apresentaram aparato metodológico, porém a discussão se mostrou incipiente sobre possíveis indicações de procedimentos metodológicos específicos para a PSCLA e v) as técnicas de pesquisa mais utilizadas foram: observação e anotação em diário de campo; entrevistas e questionários.
Abstract TP16: Predictors for Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy With Balloon Guide Catheter Assistance
Authors: McCarthy David J , Sur Samir , Snelling Brian , Fortunel Adisson , Yavagal Dileeep , Peterson Eric , Starke Robert 
Published: October 2018

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) has become the standard treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in well-selected patients. Although many devices and strategies exist, use of a balloon-tip guide catheter (BGC) in conjunction with stent-retriever (SR) may hold many advantages. We aim to assess the efficacy and identify predictors of technical success of this unique approach.
We reviewed our prospectively maintained database to identify 93 consecutive cases in which a BGC was used for MT in anteriorcirculation LVO, between February 2015 and September 2016. Various preprocedural and intraprocedural variables were recorded in addition to technical and clinical outcome measures. Predictors of technical and clinical outcome were identified by univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Successful recanalization of the LVO (mTICI=2b) was achieved in 86.9% (n=80) of cases, including a first-pass success rate of 52.7% (n=49) and complete revascularization of mTICI 3 in 56.5% (n=52) of cases. Average time from groin puncture to reperfusion was 67.9 minutes. The M1 segment was the most common location of the occlusive thrombus (64.5%, n=60). Preoperative IV-tPA was administered in 55.9% (n=52) of cases and 48.4% (n=45) were functionally independent (mRS<=3) at last follow-up. Middle cerebral artery location was strongly predictive of first-pass success resulting in a TICI =2b revascularization (OR 7.10, p=0.018). Preoperative tPA bolus was a predictor of successful first pass (OR 2.88, p=0.017). Intraoperative IA-tPA administration showed increased incidence of post-operative hemorrhagic conversion (OR 4.12, p=0.018). Patients <65 years old were more likely to develop subsequent emboli (OR 2.83, p=0.053). Hemorrhagic conversion (OR 8.33, p=0.001), female gender (OR 2.85, p=0.042), and decreasing mTICI were associated with a poor clinical outcome (mRS>=4; OR 1.76, p=0.008).
BGC use in MT results in a high rate of technical success and excellent clinical outcome in anterior circulation LVOs. While the optimal strategy for performing thrombectomy is unclear, our data suggest BGC in combination with SR may be most effective in removing MCA clots.
Abstract TP420: Variability in Functional Outcome Measures Used in Contemporary Animal Models of Stroke and Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Hietamies Tuuli M , Ostrowski Caroline , Zhong Pei , Feng Luyang , Work Lorraine M , Quinn Terence J 
Published: October 2018

Functional measures are recommended as primary outcome within clinical stroke trials but there is substantial heterogeneity in the assessments used. There may be a similar lack of consistency to outcome assessment in preclinical studies. Our aim was to collate studies using animal models of stroke and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) and describe the functional assessment measures used.
A focused literature search was conducted across 14 chosen journals. Inclusion was limited to original articles describing preclinical research in stroke or VCI, published between January 2005 and December 2015 inclusive. Complete articles were reviewed for functional assessments used in each trial. Primary analyses were numbers of functional tests used; frequency of use of each test and temporal trends.
Of 91,956 stroke articles screened, 1,303 studies were analyzed, of these 609 did not report any functional measures and 56 had no access to full article, giving 638 articles for final analysis. For VCI, 56 papers were assessed in full, of these 16 reported no functional measures, giving 37 papers for final analysis.
In stroke trials, 559 (89%) used an ischemic and 94 (14%) a hemorrhagic model. In VCI studies, 11 different models were found, with global hypoperfusion being the most common, applied in 11 (30%) articles. Of studies analyzed, the median number of tests applied per trial was 1 in both cases with only 9% of stroke trials and 16% of VCI trials reporting functional measures as primary end points. There were 74 different assessments described in stroke trials, consisting of functional tasks and neurological deficit scores (NDS). Rotarod was the most frequent assessment (15% of trials), and Bederson’s the most frequently used NDS (39% of trials). In VCI studies, there were 19 different assessments employed, with Morris Water Maze (MWM) being most popular (56% of studies). Marked inconsistencies were found in physical and functional characteristics of all assessments reported.
There is heterogeneity amongst and lack of prioritizing the use of outcome measures in pre-clinical trials. These inconsistencies compromise comparison and meta-analysis. Thus, a consensus of core-set functional outcome assessments could improve consistency in animal stroke and VCI models.
Mechanisms for Wind Direction Changes in the Very Stable Boundary Layer
Authors: Finn D. , Eckman R. M. , Gao Z. , Liu H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLarge, rapid, and intermittent changes in wind direction were commonly observed in low–wind speed conditions in the very stable boundary layer during the phase 2 of the Project Sagebrush field tracer study. This paper investigates the occurrence and magnitude of these wind direction changes in the very stable boundary layer and explores their associated meteorological factors. The evidence indicates that these wind direction changes occur mainly at wind speeds of less than 1.5 m s−1 and are associated with momentum and sensible heat fluxes approaching zero in low–wind shear conditions. This results in complete vertical decoupling. They are only weakly dependent on the magnitude of turbulence. The magnitude of the wind direction changes is generally greatest near the surface, because of the greater prevalence of low wind speeds there, and decreases upward.
Risk factors related to unnecessary emergency medical services transport for pediatric patients
Authors: Kang Eun Jin , Kim Sun Hyu 
Published: October 2018

Objectives This study evaluated unnecessary emergency medical services (EMS) transport for pediatric patients depending on whether they received emergency department (ED) treatment after EMS transport. Methods Pediatric patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received treatment at the ED (ED treatment) or did not receive treatment at the ED (non-ED treatment). Results The non-ED treatment group comprised 65 of the total 794 patients. The elapsed time from scene to arrival at the ED was longer in the non-ED treatment group than in the ED treatment group. Weekdays as the days of EMS transport, ground falls rather than traffic accidents as the reason for non-disease-related symptoms, and no immobilization for prehospital treatment were risk factors for non-ED treatment in EMS-transported patients. Causes of not receiving ED treatment for the non-ED treatment group were the patient’s or caregiver’s decision (12%) and the doctor’s suggestion (88%). Conclusions Weekdays rather than weekends, ground falls rather than traffic accidents, and no immobilization before hospital are risk factors for not receiving ED treatment. The most common cause of not receiving ED treatment is the doctor’s suggestion.
The Impact of Chronic Ozone and Particulate Air Pollution on Mortality in Patients With Sepsis Across the United States
Authors: Rush Barret , Wiskar Katie , Fruhstorfer Clark , Celi Leo Anthony , Walley Keith R. 
Published: October 2018

Objective: The impact of chronic exposure to air pollution on mortality in patients with sepsis is unknown. We attempted to quantify the relationship between air pollution, notably excess ozone, and particulate matter (PM), with in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis nationwide. Methods: The 2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) was linked with ambient air pollution data from the Environmental Protection Agency for both 8-hour ozone exposure and annual mean 2.5-micron PM (PM2.5) pollution levels. A validated severity of illness model for sepsis using administrative data was used to control for sepsis severity. Results: The records of 8 023 590 hospital admissions from the 2011 NIS sample were analyzed. Of these, there were 444 928 patients who met the Angus definition of sepsis, treated in hospitals for which air pollution data were available. The cohort had an overall mortality of 11.2%. After adjustment for severity of sepsis, increasing exposure to ozone pollution was associated with increased risk of mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04 for each 0.01 ppm increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.05; P < .01). Particulate matter was not associated with mortality (OR: 0.99 for each 5 µg/m3 increase, 95% CI: 0.97-1.01; P = .28). When stratified by sepsis source, ozone pollution had a higher impact on patients with pneumonia (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.04-1.08; P < .01) compared to those patients without pneumonia (OR: 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.03; P < .01). Conclusion: Exposure to increased levels of ozone but not particulate air pollution was associated with higher risk of mortality in patients with sepsis. This association was strongest in patients with pneumonia but persisted in all sources of sepsis. Further work is needed to understand the relationship between ambient ozone air pollution and sepsis outcomes.
Unilateral Policies, Competitiveness and the ‘Green Paradox’ in a Dynamic North–South Model
Authors: Sen Partha 
Published: October 2018

The effects of a unilateral cut in emissions (e.g., by Annexure 1 countries in Kyoto) are analysed in a dynamic two-country two-commodity model. If the fossil fuel is priced at marginal cost, then a unilateral cut reduces total emissions (the carbon leakage is less than 100%). But if the fuel is priced above marginal cost, then a ‘green paradox’ appears, that is, the price of the fuel will fall until its use (over time) exhausts the entire stock. Here, a unilateral policy is self-defeating and it is necessary to get binding commitments on fossil fuel use from all the countries. The production and trade implications for the participant and non-participant countries are analysed. JEL: Q4, Q50, Q54, Q56
Why it’s time to focus on masculinity in mental health training and clinical practice
Authors: Seidler Zac E , Rice Simon M , Dhillon Haryana M , Herrman Helen 
Published: October 2018

Objective: Men present with complex, diverse and often contradictory expressions of masculinity that are relevant to their health status. This article argues for the inclusion of masculinity into mental health curricula in Australia. Masculinity mediates health outcomes by influencing help seeking and engagement with treatment. Conclusion: An online curricula audit of publicly available information from Australian medical programs and their professional bodies reveals increasing awareness of the needs, but limited practical inclusion of masculinity models in training and practice. Described are the elements essential to training and subsequent clinical practice to curb the poor mental health outcomes of Australian men.
Comparison of two biometers: A swept-source optical coherence tomography and an optical low-coherence reflectometry biometer
Authors: El Chehab Hussam , Agard Emilie , Dot Corinne 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The technological improvements in optical biometers have made cataract surgery evolve to the level of refractive surgery. This study assessed the correlation and agreement between a biometer using swept-source optical coherence tomography technology (IOLMaster 700; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) and a biometer using optical low-coherence reflectometry (Lenstar; Haag Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland). Procedures: Optical biometric measurements were taken with the IOLMaster 700 and the Lenstar on 129 eyes of 129 patients referred for cataract surgery. We compared biometric data (axial length, mean keratometry, central pachymetry, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and horizontal white-to-white measurement) and the emmetropic intraocular lens power calculated with SRK/T and Haigis formulas. Correlation and agreement for these parameters were evaluated. Results: Only anterior chamber depth measurements (3.05 ± 0.07 vs 3.07 ± 0.07, p < 0.001) and the white-to-white measurement (11.97 ± 0.07 vs 12.06 ± 0.07, p < 0.001) differed significantly between the machines. Correlations and agreements were excellent, with perfect agreement for axial length measurement ( r = 1, intraclass correlation coefficient = 1). Emmetropic intraocular lens power did not differ between devices with SRK/T formula (20.94 ± 0.51 vs 20.92 ± 0.50, p = 0.51). With Haigis formula, there was a statistically significant difference (21.04 ± 0.52 vs 20.84 ± 0.52, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a very high correlation and agreement for the biometric measurements and calculation of intraocular lens implant power with the SRK/T formula.
Management of diabetic macular edema patients in clinical practice in Spain
Authors: Abreu-Gonzalez Rodrigo , Gallego-Pinazo Roberto , Abraldes Maximino , Pinilla Isabel , Lopez-Galvez María I 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: Diabetic macular edema is the main cause of blindness in diabetic patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor is involved in diabetic macular edema pathogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors are an important option in diabetic macular edema therapy. This survey investigates actual clinical practice in diabetic macular edema in Spain. Methods: An expert advisory panel of 17 Spanish ophthalmologists developed a 30-item anonymous questionnaire about diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in diabetic macular edema. A total of 137 ophthalmologists from 10 Spanish regions completed the questionnaire online. Results: Almost all of the respondents (99.3%) record the measured visual acuity and perform biomicroscopic anterior (94.9%) and posterior (91.2%) segment examinations. Similarly, 100% of responding ophthalmologists always/almost always or frequently perform optical coherence tomography. Most respondents (65%) always/almost always or frequently perform a retinography. More than 50% rarely perform fluorescein angiography. Nearly, all (96.4%) of the specialists responded that, in center-involved diabetic macular edema, the first treatment is an anti–vascular endothelial growth factor drug. For corticosteroids, the first choice of most respondents (91.2%) was the dexamethasone implant. In the follow-up, almost all (96.4%) specialists record the measured visual acuity and most also perform biomicroscopic anterior (82.5%) and posterior (83.2%) segment examination. Conclusion: This survey shows the actual clinical practice in diabetic macular edema in Spain, finding that anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is frequently used, and that diagnosis, treatments, and follow-up examinations used by specialists are homogeneous and according to diabetic macular edema guidelines.