bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in seclusion rates across New Zealand's specialist mental health services: Are sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing this?
Authors: Lai Jennifer , Jury Angela , Long Jenny , Fergusson David , Smith Mark , Baxendine Sandra , Gruar Angela 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRates of seclusion vary across New Zealand's publicly funded district health board (DHB) adult mental health inpatient services as indicated by national data. Anecdotally, this variation has been attributed to a range of factors directly relating to the people admitted to acute inpatient services. This study examined the extent to which variation in seclusion rates could be explained by the sociodemographic and clinical differences between populations admitted into adult mental health inpatient services. Retrospective data were obtained from the Programme for the Integration of Mental Health Data (PRIMHD). A logistic regression model was fitted to these data, with seclusion (yes/no) as the dependent variable and DHB groups as the independent variable. The DHBs were classified into four groups based on their seclusion rates. The model adjusted for ethnicity, age, number of bed nights, total Health of the Nation Outcome Scales (HoNOS) scores, and compulsory treatment status. Odds ratios remained virtually unchanged after adjustment for sociodemographic and clinical factors. People admitted to DHB Group 4 (highest secluding DHBs) were 11 times more likely to be secluded than people in Group 1 (lowest secluding DHBs), adjusted OR = 11.1, 95% CI [7.5,16.4], P < 0.001. Results indicate DHB variation in seclusion rates cannot be attributed to the sociodemographic and clinical factors of people admitted into DHB adult mental health inpatient services. Instead, this variation may be explained by differences in service delivery models and practice approaches. A model of system improvements aimed at reducing seclusion is discussed.
The national and provincial burden of medically attended influenza‐associated influenza‐like illness and severe acute respiratory illness in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2013‐2015
Authors: Babakazo Pélagie , Lubula Léopold , Disasuani Wally , Manya Léonie Kitoko , Nkwembe Edith , Mitongo Naomi , Kavunga‐Membo Hugo , Changachanga Jean‐Claude , Muhemedi Saleh , Ilunga Benoit Kebela , Wemakoy Emile Okitolonda , Tamfum Jean‐Jacques Muyembe , Kabamba‐Tshilobo Joelle , Tempia Stefano 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundEstimates of influenza‐associated outpatient consultations and hospitalizations are severely limited in low‐ and middle‐income countries, especially in Africa.MethodsWe conducted active prospective surveillance for influenza‐like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) at 5 healthcare facilities situated in Kinshasa Province during 2013‐2015. We tested upper respiratory tract samples for influenza viruses using a reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assay. We estimated age‐specific numbers and rates of influenza‐associated ILI outpatient consultations and SARI hospitalizations for Kinshasa Province using a combination of administrative and influenza surveillance data. These estimates were extrapolated to each of the remaining 10 provinces accounting for provincial differences in prevalence of risk factors for pneumonia and healthcare‐seeking behavior. Rates were reported per 100 000 population.ResultsDuring 2013‐2015, the mean annual national number of influenza‐associated ILI outpatient consultations was 1 003 212 (95% Confidence Incidence [CI]: 719 335‐1 338 050 ‐ Rate: 1205.3; 95% CI: 864.2‐1607.5); 199 839 (95% CI: 153 563‐254 759 ‐ Rate: 1464.0; 95% CI: 1125.0‐1866.3) among children aged <5 years and 803 374 (95% CI: 567 772‐1 083 291 ‐ Rate: 1154.5; 95% CI: 813.1‐1556.8) among individuals aged ≥5 years. The mean annual national number of influenza‐associated SARI hospitalizations was 40 361 (95% CI: 24 014‐60 514 ‐ Rate: 48.5; 95% CI: 28.9‐72.7); 25 452 (95% CI: 19 146‐32 944 ‐ Rate: 186.5; 95% CI: 140.3‐241.3) among children aged <5 years and 14 909 (95% CI: 4868‐27 570 ‐ Rate: 21.4; 95% CI: 28.9‐72.7) among individuals aged ≥5 years.ConclusionsThe burden of influenza‐associated ILI outpatient consultations and SARI hospitalizations was substantial and was highest among hospitalized children aged <5 years.
Construction of a recombinant rhinovirus accommodating fluorescent marker expression
Authors: Han Mingyuan , Rajput Charu , Hinde Joanna L. , Wu Qian , Lei Jing , Ishikawa Tomoko , Bentley J. Kelley , Hershenson Marc B. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundRhinovirus (RV) causes the common cold and asthma exacerbations. The RV genome is a 7.3 kb single‐strand positive‐sense RNA.ObjectiveUsing minor group RV1A as a backbone, we sought to design and generate a recombinant RV1A accommodating fluorescent marker expression, thereby allowing tracking of viral infection.MethodRecombinant RV1A infectious cDNA clones harboring the coding sequence of green fluorescent protein (GFP), Renilla luciferase, or iLOV (for light, oxygen, or voltage sensing) were engineered and constructed. RV‐infected cells were determined by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence microscopy.ResultsRV1A‐GFP showed a cytopathic effect in HeLa cells but failed to express GFP or Renilla luciferase due to deletion. The smaller fluorescent protein construct, RV1A‐iLOV, was stably expressed in infected cells. RV1A‐iLOV expression was used to examine the antiviral effect of bafilomycin in HeLa cells. Compared to parental virus, RV1A‐iLOV infection of BALB/c mice yielded a similar viral load and level of cytokine mRNA expression. However, imaging of fixed lung tissue failed to reveal a fluorescent signal, likely due to the oxidation and bleaching of iLOV‐bound flavin mononucleotide. We therefore employed an anti‐iLOV antibody for immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence imaging. The iLOV signal was identified in airway epithelial cells and CD45+ CD11b+ lung macrophages.ConclusionsThese results suggest that RV1A‐iLOV is a useful molecular tool for studying RV pathogenesis. The construction strategy for RV1A‐iLOV could be applied to other RV serotypes. However, the detection of iLOV‐expressing RV in fixed tissue required the use of an anti‐iLOV antibody, limiting the value of this construct.
Sexual dimorphism and reproductive behavior in the Brazilian scorpionTityus pusillus(Scorpiones, Buthidae)
Authors: Lira André F.A. , Pordeus Laís M. , Rego Felipe N.A.A. , Iannuzzi Kaoana , Albuquerque Cleide M.R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe studied sexual dimorphism (SD) and reproductive behavior in the litter‐dwelling scorpion,Tityus pusillus. SD was determined by measuring seven body structure attributes (prosoma, mesosoma, and metasoma lengths, and pedipalp chelae and metasomal segment V lengths and widths) in 634 individuals (211 males and 423 females) from the Arachnological Collection of the Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Reproductive behavior was observed in 55 couples during nocturnal activity observations conducted in the laboratory. In addition, we evaluated gestation time, hemispermatophore replacement, and sequential courtship. Individuals ofT. pusillusexhibited typical reproductive behavior, with a short courtship time (averaging 10±5 min). Males only accepted new partners at least 48 h after first mating, suggesting that this period may be necessary for hemispermatophore production. Females did not accept new partners for 24–48 h after their first mating. The average gestation period was 85±12 d, ranging 60–100 d. Our results showed a more complex picture of SD than previously described for this species, including features characteristic of both sexual size dimorphism (SSD) and sexual body component dimorphism in scorpions. In general, considering the relatively large size of the prosoma and mesosoma inT. pusillus, it seems reasonable to conclude that female‐biased SSD exists in the species, and that male‐biased sexual body component dimorphism is evident in the metasoma and chelae.
Preparation of (110)‐oriented SrTiO3 film on quartz glass by laser chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Zhao Pei , Zhang Qiong , Wu Wei , Goto Takashi , Yu Junxia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSrTiO3 (STO) film was prepared on quartz glass by laser chemical vapor deposition at a deposition temperature (Tdep) ranged from 760 to 1104 K. Effect of the Tdep on the orientation, crystallinity, texture, and microstructure of the STO film was investigated. As the Tdep was increased, the preferred orientation of the STO film tended to be (110)‐orientated with corresponding texture coefficient (TC) on the (110) reflection enhanced from 2.3 to 6; meanwhile, the full width at half maximum of the ω‐scan on the (110) reflection decreased from 0.85° to 0.59°. The (110)‐oriented grains were in wedge shape about 60 × 150 nm in size, which tended to be flat at an elevated Tdep of 1104 K.
Effect of heat treatment on AgI‐rich chalcogenide glasses with enhanced ionic conductivity
Authors: Huang Xinyu , Jiao Qing , Lin Changgui , Zhang Yeting , Yang Zhen , Xu Tiefeng , Zhang Xianghua , Ma Hongli , Liu Xueyun , Dai Shixun 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe glass‐ceramics of AgI‐based electroconductive chalcogenide system was realized using an appropriate heat treatment at a fairly high temperature (Tg + 40°C) and different times ranging from 4 to 20 hours. The crystallization behavior and electroconductive properties of the heat‐treated samples were studied in detail. Transmission study was performed, and the results show that the cut‐off edge of the short wavelength is red‐shifted at prolonged annealing time but remains an excellent transmittance in the mid‐infrared (IR) region. XRD and scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the precipitated crystalline phases are mainly β‐/γ‐AgI. Moreover, a small amount of α‐AgI, which rarely existed at room temperature, is precipitated in the AgI‐rich chalcogenide glass‐ceramics. The ionic conductivity of all glass‐ceramics was enhanced by heat treatment in contrast to that of base glass. Raman analysis exhibited the structure variation in the glass sample after heat treatments. This study provided an observation of crystallization in chalcogenide glass containing large amounts of AgI and be of good guidance to fabricate novel AgI‐based chalcogenide glass‐ceramics that can be candidates in infrared optics and solid electrolyte applications.
Sterols of the Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate, Pyrodinium bahamense
Authors: Houle Hannah M. , Lopez Cary B. , Leblond Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPyrodinium bahamense is a dinoflagellate of concern in subtropical and tropical coastal environments. To date, there is only a single published study on its fatty acids, but no published data on its sterol composition. Sterols, which are membrane‐reinforcing lipids in eukaryotes, display a great diversity of structures in dinoflagellates, with some serving as chemotaxonomic markers. We have examined the sterol compositions of two isolates of P. bahamense from Indian River Lagoon and Tampa Bay, Florida, and have found both to produce three sterols: cholesterol, dinosterol, and 4α‐methylgorgostanol. All three sterols are found in closely related, armored taxa.
Unique predictive power of other‐rated personality: An 18‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Luan Ziyan , Poorthuis Astrid M. G. , Hutteman Roos , Denissen Jaap J. A. , Asendorpf Jens B. , van Aken Marcel A. G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveWhat is gained by having others report on one's personality? Research on adult samples has suggested that informant reports are especially informative regarding traits that are highly visible and evaluative (i.e., socially desirable/undesirable instead of neutral), such as Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. This 18‐year longitudinal study aims to demonstrate the unique predictive power of other‐rated personality in adolescence, using life outcomes and personality in adulthood as trait criteria.MethodWe examined the unique predictive power of self‐ and other‐rated Big Five personality traits at age 12 and 17 on self‐rated life outcomes and personality at age 29 (e.g., educational achievement, work income, depression, moral transgressions, and relationship satisfaction). Participants were 186 German adolescents (53% boys), their parents and friends at age 12, and their mothers and fathers at age 17.ResultsOther‐ratings showed unique predictive power beyond self‐ratings for all Big Five traits, with the most consistent results for Openness, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness.ConclusionsResults demonstrate the added value of including other‐reports on adolescent personality when predicting future life outcomes and personality, especially for highly visible and evaluative traits. The present study sheds light on the predictive power of self‐ versus other‐rated personality and personality–outcome associations.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in hepatitis C patients resemble those of patients with autoimmune liver disease but are different from those in hepatitis B patients
Authors: Dirks Meike , Haag Kim , Pflugrad Henning , Tryc Anita B. , Schuppner Ramona , Wedemeyer Heiner , Potthoff Andrej , Tillmann Hans L. , Sandorski Kajetan , Worthmann Hans , Ding Xiaoqi , Weissenborn Karin 
Published: August 2018

SummaryChronic fatigue, mood alterations and cognitive impairment are frequent accessory symptoms of HCV infection. Fatigue and mood alterations have also been observed in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), but not in hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infection, thus indicating an autoimmune response as possible cause of HCV infection‐associated encephalopathy. Data, however, are sparse. This study aimed to prove that HCV patients feature similar to those with autoimmune liver disease but contrary to HBV patients regarding neuropsychiatric symptoms. A total of 132 noncirrhotic patients (HCV: 46, HBV: 22, AIH: 27, PBC: 29, AIH/PBC: 8) completed questionnaires addressing the domains mentioned above. Eighty‐eight underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Patient groups were compared among each other and to 33 healthy controls. Fatigue, anxiety and depression scores were significantly increased, and the SF‐36 mental score significantly decreased in all patient groups compared to controls. Fatigue was significantly more pronounced in HCV than in HBV patients. HCV patients scored significantly worse than HBV patients but not AIH and PBC patients in the SF‐36. HCV, AIH and PBC but not HBV patients did significantly worse than controls in word learning. Recognition of words was impaired in HCV, AIH and PBC patients and recognition of figures in HCV patients, exclusively (P ≤ 0.002). HCV patients did also worse than controls and HBV patients concerning alertness and working memory (P ≤ 0.001). The neuropsychiatric profiles of HCV patients are similar to those of AIH and PBC patients but differ from those of HBV patients, suggesting an autoimmune response as a possible cause for these differences.
Skeletal muscle interstitial O2 pressures: bridging the gap between the capillary and myocyte
Authors: Hirai Daniel M. , Colburn Trenton D. , Craig Jesse C. , Hotta Kazuki , Kano Yutaka , Musch Timothy I. , Poole David C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe oxygen transport pathway from air to mitochondria involves a series of transfer steps within closely integrated systems (pulmonary, cardiovascular, and tissue metabolic). Small and finite O2 stores in most mammalian species require exquisitely controlled changes in O2 flux rates to support elevated ATP turnover. This is especially true for the contracting skeletal muscle where O2 requirements may increase two orders of magnitude above rest. This brief review focuses on the mechanistic bases for increased microvascular blood‐myocyte O2 flux (V̇O2) from rest to contractions. Fick's law dictates that V̇O2 elevations driven by muscle contractions are produced by commensurate changes in driving force (ie, O2 pressure gradients; ΔPO2) and/or effective diffusing capacity (DO2). While previous evidence indicates that increased DO2 helps modulate contracting muscle O2 flux, up until recently the role of the dynamic ΔPO2 across the capillary wall was unknown. Recent phosphorescence quenching investigations of both microvascular and novel interstitial PO2 kinetics in health have resolved an important step in the O2 cascade between the capillary and myocyte. Specifically, the significant transmural ΔPO2 at rest was sustained (but not increased) during submaximal contractions. This supports the contention that the blood‐myocyte interface provides a substantial effective resistance to O2 diffusion and underscores that modulations in erythrocyte hemodynamics and distribution (DO2) are crucial to preserve the driving force for O2 flux across the capillary wall (ΔPO2) during contractions. Investigation of the O2 transport pathway close to muscle mitochondria is key to identifying disease mechanisms and develop therapeutic approaches to ameliorate dysfunction and exercise intolerance.
LncRNA‐FENDRR mediates VEGFA to promote the apoptosis of brain microvascular endothelial cells via regulating miR‐126 in mice with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Dong Baizhuo , Zhou Bin , Sun Zhigang , Huang Shengming , Han Liang , Nie Honghua , Chen Guohui , Liu Shibing , Zhang Yanna , Bao Ning , Yang Xiaolong , Feng Hongwei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundLncRNA‐FENDRR is a kind of endothelial genes critical for vascular development. Moreover, miR‐126 and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) are also involved in the physiological process of vascular endothelial cells. This study aimed to the underlying mechanism of FENDRR involving miR‐126 and VEGFA in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).MethodsC57BL/6 mice were chosen to establish HICH model. The expression of FENDRR, miR‐126, and VEGFA at mRNA level was determined by qRT‐PCR. The protein expression of VEGFA was assessed using Western blot. RIP assay and RNA pull‐down assay were used to the relationship between FENDRR and miR‐126. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis.ResultsThe levels of FENDRR and VEGFA were increased, and miR‐126 expression was decreased in vascular endothelial cells (VECs) from the right brain of model mice and human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) treated by thrombin. Overexpression of FENDRR promoted the apoptosis of HBMECs. FENDRR regulating VEGFA participated in HBMECs apoptosis through targeting miR‐126. Downregulation of FENDRR was indicated to relieve the HICH in mice.ConclusionsFENDRR could promote the apoptosis of HBMECs via miR‐126 regulating VEGFA in HICH.
A touch of awe: crafting meaning from the wonder of the cosmos
Authors: Paulson Steve , Davies Paul , Louis Ard , Walkowicz Lucianne 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFrom the birth of galaxies to the self‐organizing dynamics of our planet to the ongoing expansion of the universe, the more we discover about the evolution of the cosmos, the more acutely we realize the enormity of what remains to be known. Just this year astrophysicists at the University of Nottingham confirmed that there are at least two trillion galaxies in the cosmos, 10 times more than had been previously thought. What guidance or wisdom can the study of cosmology and astrophysics offer us in our search for meaning and purpose? In conversation with Steve Paulson, executive producer and host of To the Best of Our Knowledge, theoretical physicists Paul Davies and Ard Louis, and astrophysicist Lucianne Walkowicz share their perceptions based on years of gazing upward and beyond our own intimate planet.
Impact of recent and future climate change on vector‐borne diseases
Authors: Caminade Cyril , McIntyre K. Marie , Jones Anne E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractClimate change is one of the greatest threats to human health in the 21st century. Climate directly impacts health through climatic extremes, air quality, sea‐level rise, and multifaceted influences on food production systems and water resources. Climate also affects infectious diseases, which have played a significant role in human history, impacting the rise and fall of civilizations and facilitating the conquest of new territories. Our review highlights significant regional changes in vector and pathogen distribution reported in temperate, peri‐Arctic, Arctic, and tropical highland regions during recent decades, changes that have been anticipated by scientists worldwide. Further future changes are likely if we fail to mitigate and adapt to climate change. Many key factors affect the spread and severity of human diseases, including mobility of people, animals, and goods; control measures in place; availability of effective drugs; quality of public health services; human behavior; and political stability and conflicts. With drug and insecticide resistance on the rise, significant funding and research efforts must to be maintained to continue the battle against existing and emerging diseases, particularly those that are vector borne.
Expression of the Arabidopsis thaliana immune receptor EFR in Medicago truncatula reduces infection by a root pathogenic bacterium, but not nitrogen‐fixing rhizobial symbiosis
Authors: Pfeilmeier Sebastian , George Jeoffrey , Morel Arry , Roy Sonali , Smoker Matthew , Stransfeld Lena , Downie J. Allan , Peeters Nemo , Malone Jacob G. , Zipfel Cyril 
Published: August 2018

SummaryInterfamily transfer of plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) represents a promising biotechnological approach to engineer broad‐spectrum, and potentially durable, disease resistance in crops. It is however unclear whether new recognition specificities to given pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) affect the interaction of the recipient plant with beneficial microbes. To test this in a direct reductionist approach, we transferred the Brassicaceae‐specific PRR ELONGATION FACTOR‐THERMO UNSTABLE RECEPTOR (EFR), conferring recognition of the bacterial EF‐Tu protein, from Arabidopsis thaliana to the legume Medicago truncatula. Constitutive EFR expression led to EFR accumulation and activation of immune responses upon treatment with the EF‐Tu‐derived elf18 peptide in leaves and roots. The interaction of M. truncatula with the bacterial symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti is characterized by the formation of root nodules that fix atmospheric nitrogen. Although nodule numbers were slightly reduced at an early stage of the infection in EFR‐Medicago when compared to control lines, nodulation was similar in all lines at later stages. Furthermore, nodule colonization by rhizobia, and nitrogen fixation were not compromised by EFR expression. Importantly, the M. truncatula lines expressing EFR were substantially more resistant to the root bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Our data suggest that the transfer of EFR to M. truncatula does not impede root nodule symbiosis, but has a positive impact on disease resistance against a bacterial pathogen. In addition, our results indicate that Rhizobium can either avoid PAMP recognition during the infection process, or is able to actively suppress immune signaling.