bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media Art Wiki. Uso de Wikis para la enseñanza interdisciplinar y multimedia del arte de los nuevos medios de comunicación en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje
Authors: Alsina Pau , San Cornelio Gemma , Beneito Roser , Alberich Jordi 
Published: November 2018

<p><span>Este capítulo expone y analiza una experiencia piloto de uso de Wikis para la enseñanza de las prácticas artísticas vinculadas a los nuevos medios de comunicación digital. El denominado “Media Art Wiki” constituye un recurso para la enseñanza del Arte y la Estética de los nuevos medios en un contexto de enseñanza-aprendizaje virtual como es la Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC). Los objetivos iniciales del proyecto consistieron en generar un entorno dinámico de documentación multimedia de las prácticas de Arte de los nuevos medios, y a su vez, que ese espacio de contenidos abiertos pudiera alimentarse de la acción participativa y colaborativa de los estudiantes de las diferentes asignaturas implicadas, contribuyendo de este modo a un enfoque interdisciplinar de la materia común. El Media Art Wiki pretende innovar dentro del aula virtual en cuatro aspectos diferentes: proceso, formato, estructura y contenidos tratando de responder asimismo a un planteamiento pedagógico, que vincule cada una de las actividades implicadas en el Wiki con varios programas y asignaturas. En este capítulo intentaremos dar cuenta de las implicaciones del uso de este tipo de herramientas en la enseñanza universitaria, estructurando el texto en diferentes apartados que, por un lado, trazan el contexto a partir del cual surgió el proyecto, sus</span><span> </span><span>necesidades, objetivos y motivaciones dentro del marco teórico del aprendizaje significativo- y el contexto -modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje- de la UOC. Por otro lado procedemos a la descripción técnica y de contenido del proyecto, así como</span><span> </span><span>el diseño de la estrategia didáctica y de las actividades a desarrollar por los estudiantes a corto y medio plazo. Finalmente exponemos la evaluación de dicha experiencia desde la perspectiva de los docentes y los estudiantes para llegar a plantear nuestras conclusiones y posibilidades de desarrollos de futuro.</span></p>
Non-methane hydrocarbon variability in Athens during wintertime: the role of traffic and heating
Authors: Panopoulou Anastasia , Liakakou Eleni , Gros Valérie , Sauvage Stéphane , Locoge Nadine , Bonsang Bernard , Psiloglou Basil E. , Gerasopoulos Evangelos , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos 
Published: November 2018

Abstract. Non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) play an important role in
atmospheric chemistry, contributing to ozone and secondary organic aerosol
formation. They can also serve as tracers for various emission sources such as
traffic, solvents, heating and vegetation. The current work presents, for the
first time to our knowledge, time-resolved data of NMHCs, from two to six
carbon atoms, for a period of 5 months (mid-October 2015 to
mid-February 2016) in the “greater Athens area” (GAA), Greece. The measured NMHC
levels are among the highest reported in the literature for the Mediterranean
area during winter months, and the majority of the compounds demonstrate a
remarkable day-to-day variability. Their levels increase by up to factor of
4 from autumn (October–November) to winter (December–February). Microscale
meteorological conditions, especially wind speed in combination with
the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height, seem to contribute significantly to the variability of NMHC
levels, with an increase of up to a factor of 10 under low wind speed (<3 m s−1) conditions; this reflects the impact of local sources rather than long-range
transport. All NMHCs demonstrated a pronounced bimodal, diurnal pattern with
a morning peak followed by a second peak before midnight. The amplitude of
both peaks gradually increased towards winter, in comparison to autumn, by
a factor of 3 to 6 and closely followed that of carbon monoxide (CO), which
indicates a contribution from sources other than traffic, e.g.,
domestic heating (fuel or wood burning). By comparing the NMHC diurnal
variability with that of black carbon (BC), its fractions associated with
wood burning (BCwb) and fossil fuel combustion
(BCff), and with source profiles we conclude that the morning peak is attributed to
traffic while the night peak is mainly attributed to heating. With respect to the night peak, the
selected tracers and source profiles clearly indicate a contribution from both
traffic and domestic heating (fossil fuel and wood burning). NMHCs slopes
versus BCwb are similar when compared with those versus BCff
(slight difference for ethylene), which indicates that NMHCs are most likely equally
produced by wood and oil fossil fuel burning.
A Shared Performance: The Age of Innocence and The Shaughraun's Ribbon-Kissing Scene
Authors: McCarthy Lucas 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The intertextual dialogue between the ribbon-kissing scene included in Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence and Dion Boucicault's two versions of The Shaughraun (as he wrote it and directed it) reveals an underexplored dimension of the relationship between Newland Archer and Ellen Olenska. Drawing on Søren Kierkegaard's work, I argue that the conventions of this intertextual scene frame their mutual performance of an implicit angst confined within the constrained social code of the novel's 1870s New York elite. Boucicault's original play did not include the unspoken moment. However, Boucicault added it to capture his audience's interest. The scene presents the attraction between a respectable Englishman and an outlandish Irish woman, with their separation being a consequence of their duties to others, providing a sense of emotional wavering on the edge of dishonor. After both Newland and Ellen connect their relationship to the scene, they repeatedly model it throughout the novel. The conventions of this scene provide a frame for an emotional experience keyed to their social milieu. From this perspective, Newland's retreat at the novel's end may be part of a shared performance with Ellen necessary to realize in the present the angst that would otherwise be lost to memory and history.
Empirical Legal Research in Europe: Prevalence, Obstacles, and Interventions
Authors: van Dijck Gijs , Sverdlov Shahar , Buck Gabriela 
Published: November 2018

Empirical Legal Research in Europe: Prevalence, Obstacles, and Interventions
Empirical Legal research (ELR) has become well established in the United States, whereas its popularity in Europe is debatable. This article explores the popularity of ELR in Europe. The authors carried out an empirical analysis of 78 European-based law journals, encompassing issues from 2008-2017. The findings demonstrate that a supposed increase of ELR is questionable (at best).Moreover, additional findings highlight: An increase for a few journals, with a small number of other journals showing a decrease over time; A higher percentage of empirical articles for extra-legal journals than for legal journals (average proportion per journal is 4.6 percent for legal journals, 18.9 percent for extra-legal journals); Criminal justice journals, environmental journals, and economically oriented journals being more likely to publish empirical articles than other journals; More prestigious journals being more likely to publish empirical articles than less-prestigious journals; Older journals being more likely to publish empirical work than younger journals, but not at an increasing rate; Journals being legal/extra-legal, journals in a specific field, journal ranking, or the age of the journal not making it more (or less) likely that the journal will publish empirical articles at an increasing (or decreasing) rate.Considering the lack of convincing evidence indicating an increase of ELR, we identify reasons for why ELR is seemingly becoming more popular but not resulting in more empirical research in Europe. Additionally, we explore interventions for overcoming the obstacles ELR currently faces.
IMPORTANCE OF VULNERABILITY SCANNERS FOR IMPROVING SECURITY AND PROTECTION OF THE WEB SERVERS
Authors: Karabašević Darjan , Stanujkić Dragiša , Brzaković Miodrag , Maksimović Mlađan , Jevtić Milena 
Published: November 2018

Technological development, in particular information and communication technologies (ICT), has caused the most immediate and quickest changes in the everyday way of life of people. The result of this is the world we have today, all around us are computers that are an integral part of our everyday life, while at the same time we use the networks constantly and everywhere. The Internet (the network of all networks) is the media we rely on in our work, gives us answers to all questions, concerns and topics that interest us, helps us learn and transfer data for any purpose. But, Internet often can be an insecure place and that it represents a connection of all those who want to be involved, including those malicious. A very important and very complex step in securing networks and network systems is the vulnerability assessment. Therefore, the paper aims to point out the importance of the vulnerability scanners in improving the security and protection of the web servers.
Interaction betweenPseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusin cystic fibrosis
Authors: Zhao Jingming , Yu Wencheng 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by chronic airway infection with a high incidence and poor prognosis.Pseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusare pathogens commonly found in CF patients. Clinically, these two microorganisms often coexist in the airway of CF patients. Combined infection withP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusresults in worsening lung function and clinical condition.MethodsIn this review, we focus on the mutual inhibition and promotion mechanisms ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusin CF patients. We also summarized the mechanisms of the interaction between these pathogenic microorganisms.ResultsP. aeruginosainhibitsA. fumigatusgrowth through the effects of phenazines, the quorum sensing system, iron competition, bacteriophages, and small colony variants.P. aeruginosainducesA. fumigatusgrowth through volatile organic compounds and subbacteriostatic concentrations of phenazines.A. fumigatusinterferes withP. aeruginosa, affecting its metabolic growth via phenazine metabolic transformation, gliotoxin production, and reduced antibiotic sensitivity.DiscussionCoexistence ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatuscan lead to both mutual inhibition and promotion. In different stages of CF disease, the interaction between these two pathogenic microorganisms may shift between promotion and inhibition. A discussion of the mechanisms ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusinteraction can be beneficial for further treatment of CF patients and for improving the prognosis of the disease.
O CAMPESINATO NA FORMAÇÃO DA SOCIEDADE CAPITALISTA MODERNA
Authors: Peixoto Sérgio Elísio 
Published: November 2018

<p class="p1">No presente artigo pretende-se, inicialmente, discutir a complexidade do conceito de campesinato, diante da diversidade que este grupo social assume em sua trajetória histórica, conforme as mudanças que ocorrem nas formações sociais capitalistas em que se encontra inserido. Para tanto, parte-se de uma apresentação e discussão do conceito, tomando-se por base algumas proposições de pensadores clássicos. Em seguida, analisam-se os principais aspectos que caracterizam o campesinato nas sociedades agrárias, bem como as transformações que afetam o seu modo de vida quando de sua transição para a sociedade capitalista, enfatizando-se sua incorporação às estruturas produtivas regidas por processos de acumulação de capital, a partir dos países onde a Revolução Industrial originou-se. O artigo faz parte de um estudo mais amplo, onde se procura discutir o envolvimento do campesinato brasileiro no processo de reforma agrária. </p>
FRENTES PIONEIRAS, GENTE E TERRA. UMA ANÁLISE ANTROPOLÓGICA DOS PROCESSOS DE RACIONALIZAÇÃO DO TERRITÓRIO NO OESTE-PAULISTA
Authors: Machado Carlos Eduardo 
Published: November 2018

<p>Neste artigo, proponho examinar eventos históricos relacionados ao processo de povoamento da região Centro Oeste do Estado de São Paulo. Mais especificamente, os processos sociais de ocupação do território, de desenvolvimento urbano-industrial e seus impactos na reconfiguração dos significados tradicionais da posse da terra. Em linhas gerais, consideramos que representam etapas de um processo de racionalização do território, o que representou uma transformação das relações sociais e das subjetividades. São elementos da gênese social das populações do Oeste-paulista. Para isto, tomo como caso empírico o contexto de formação da cidade de Borá, localizada a 437 km de distância da capital do estado. Partindo desses referenciais, o objetivo é o de compreender antropologicamente o delinear das relações sociais dos grupos pioneiros e os efeitos simbólicos de determinados eventos na configuração social do Oeste-paulista. O texto apresentado faz parte de um trabalho mais amplo, resultado da pesquisa de mestrado em fase de conclusão. Em relação aos métodos de pesquisa, foi realizado trabalho de campo etnográfico entre os anos de 2011-2012, assim como análise de fontes secundárias que contemplassem o foco do estudo.</p><p> </p>
Synergistic effect between spraying layers on the performance of the WFGD spray column
Authors: Wang Penghui , Dai Gance 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn a WFGD spray column, spraying droplets have dual duties of optimizing flow uniformity and providing interfacial area for mass transfer but have contradiction in selection of diameter. In this paper, a synergistic effect between smaller and bigger droplets is proposed to improve the performance of the column, which is to enlarge the interfacial area and optimize the flow uniformity in different layers, and it is used to create a novel design scheme. Through the study of the flow uniformity in the spray column, the detail of this design scheme is proposed as followed: The minimum flow rate and proper droplet diameter should be selected in the bottom layer to achieve the flow uniformity, and smaller droplets can be used in the rest layer to enlarge the interfacial area as much as possible. Compared with the traditional scheme, the liquid hold‐up has increased 16%–30%, and the interfacial area has increased 32%–56% in novel scheme. In practice, this novel design scheme can provide reference and guidance for large scale spray columns.
Study of selected birth defects among American Indian/Alaska Native population: A multi‐state population‐based retrospective study, 1999–2007
Authors: Marengo Lisa K. , Flood Timothy J. , Ethen Mary K. , Kirby Russell S. , Fisher Sarah , Copeland Glenn , Meyer Robert E. , Dunn Julie , Canfield Mark A. , Anderson Tom , Yazzie Del , Mai Cara T. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Network
Published: November 2018

BackgroundHigher prevalence of selected birth defects has been reported among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) newborns. We examine whether known risk factors for birth defects explain the higher prevalence observed for selected birth defects among this population.MethodsData from 12 population‐based birth defects surveillance systems, covering a birth population of 11 million from 1999 to 2007, were used to examine prevalence of birth defects that have previously been reported to have elevated prevalence among AI/ANs. Prevalence ratios (PRs) were calculated for non‐Hispanic AI/ANs and any AI/ANs (regardless of Hispanic ethnicity), adjusting for maternal age, education, diabetes, and smoking, as well as type of case‐finding ascertainment surveillance system.ResultsAfter adjustment, the birth prevalence of two of seven birth defects remained significantly elevated among AI/ANs compared to non‐Hispanic whites (NHWs): anotia/microtia was almost threefold higher, and cleft lip +/− cleft palate was almost 70% higher compared to NHWs. Excluding AI/AN subjects who were also Hispanic had only a negligible impact on adjusted PRs.ConclusionsAdditional covariates accounted for some of the elevated birth defect prevalences among AI/ANs compared to NHWs. Exclusion of Hispanic ethnicity from the AI/AN category had little impact on birth defects prevalences in AI/ANs. NHWs serve as a viable comparison group for analysis. Birth defects among AI/ANs require additional scrutiny to identify modifiable risk and protective factors.
The National Spina Bifida Patient Registry: A Decade's journey
Authors: Castillo Jonathan , Lupo Philip J. , Tu Duong D. , Agopian A.J. , Castillo Heidi 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe National Spina Bifida Patient Registry (NSBPR) was established in 2008, as a partnership between the CDC and spina bifida (SB) clinics throughout the United States. The purpose of this study is to explore the initial work of this project through a literature review of published studies from the NSBPR and provide a description of how this body of literature has developed overtime.MethodsWe included studies indexed in MEDLINE by means of PubMed from January 2009 through April 2018. Included articles were appraised to identify key themes relevant to SB demographics, interventions, and outcomes. Additionally, information regarding objectives, hypotheses, and results of each study was summarized.ResultsWe identified 13 articles meeting inclusion criteria. These publications described findings or explored associations using NSBPR variables. They were grouped into four categories: general characteristics (4 studies), mobility and skin injury (2 studies), bowel continence (3 studies), and bladder continence (5 studies).ConclusionsThe NSBPR represents one of the largest described clinical samples of individuals living with SB. The first decade of studies have focused primarily on descriptive analyses and on identifying predictors of clinical outcomes. These initial results may help develop interventions (including culturally appropriate initiatives), be a resource for developing international evidence‐based standards of care and best‐practices, and lead to improved outcomes for individuals living with SB globally. Additionally, the results underscore the strengths of the NSBPR's design and highlight the potential breadth of research topics that could be addressed in the future.
Maternal genitourinary infections and risk of birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Howley Meredith M. , Feldkamp Marcia L. , Papadopoulos Eleni A. , Fisher Sarah C. , Arnold Kathryn E. , Browne Marilyn L. ,   for the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: November 2018

BackgroundGenitourinary infections (GUIs) are common among sexually active women. Yet, little is known about the risk of birth defects associated with GUIs.MethodsUsing data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population‐based, case–control study, we assessed self‐reported maternal GUIs in the month before through the third month of pregnancy (periconception) from 29,316 birth defect cases and 11,545 unaffected controls. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals to estimate the risk of 52 major structural birth defects associated with GUIs. We also calculated risk of birth defects associated with each type of GUI: urinary tract infection (UTI) and sexually transmitted infection (STI).ResultsIn our analysis, 10% (n = 2,972) of case and 9% (n = 1,014) of control mothers reported a periconceptional GUI. A GUI was significantly associated with 11 of the 52 birth defects examined (ORs ranging from 1.19 to 2.26): encephalocele, cataracts, cleft lip, esophageal atresia, duodenal atresia/stenosis, small intestinal atresia/stenosis, colonic atresia/stenosis, transverse limb deficiency, conoventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, and secundum atrial septal defect. A periconceptional UTI was significantly associated with nine birth defects (ORs from 1.21 to 2.48), and periconceptional STI was significantly associated with four birth defects (ORs ranging from 1.63 to 3.72).ConclusionsWhile misclassification of GUIs in our analysis is likely, our findings suggest GUIs during the periconceptional period may increase the risk for specific birth defects.
Purified vitexin compound 1, a new neolignan isolated compound, promotes PUMA‐dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Chen Jingfei , Zhong Juchang , Liu Yeying , Huang Yuan , Luo Fei , Zhou Yingjun , Pan Xi , Cao Shousong , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Yingjie , Wang Jiangang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurified vitexin compound 1 (VB1, a neolignan isolated and extracted from the seed of Chinese herb Vitex negundo) is an effective antitumor agent and exhibits promising clinical activity against various cancers including colorectal cancer. However, it remains unknown about the precise underlying mechanism associated with the antitumor effect of VB1 and how it triggers apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we demonstrated that VB1 promoted apoptosis via p53‐dependent induction of p53 upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) and further to induce Bax (Bcl‐2‐associated X protein) activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in colon cancer HCT‐116 and LoVo cells. Deficiency in p53, PUMA, or Bax abrogated VB1‐induced apoptosis and promoted cell survival in HCT‐116 cells. Furthermore, the combination of VB1 with chemotherapeutic drugs 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) or NVP‐BZE235 resulted in a synergistic antitumor effect via PUMA induction in HCT‐116 cells. VB1 significantly suppressed the cell proliferation of wild‐type (WT) HCT‐116 and LoVo cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. The results indicate that p53/PUMA/Bax axis plays a critical role in VB1‐induced apoptosis and VB1 may have valuable clinical applications in cancer therapy as a novel anticancer agent used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs.
CYP2C19 pharmacogenetics versus standard of care dosing for selecting antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: A meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Kheiri Babikir , Osman Mohammed , Abdalla Ahmed , Haykal Tarek , Pandrangi Pranay V. , Chahine Adam , Ahmed Sahar , Osman Khansa , Bachuwa Ghassan , Hassan Mustafa , Bhatt Deepak L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of personalized genotype‐guided selection of antiplatelet therapy versus standard of care in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundClopidogrel is the most frequently used P2Y12 receptor antagonist in patients with coronary artery disease. However, genetic variations of clopidogrel are associated with inter‐individual response variability which could limit its efficacy.MethodsElectronic databases were searched for all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating genotype‐guided therapy versus standard of care in patients undergoing stent implantation. Aggregated risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs were calculated using a random‐effects model.ResultsWe included 6 RCTs with a total of 2,371 patients. When compared with standard of care, the use of genotype‐guided therapy did not significantly reduce major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (RR 0.67; 95% CI: 0.35–1.27; P = 0.22). However, MACE was significantly reduced in the subset of trials which enrolled only acute coronary syndromes (ACS) (P < 0.01). In addition, there was a significant reduction in myocardial infarction in the genotype‐guided group (RR 0.44; 95% CI: 0.28–0.70; P < 0.01; I2 = 0%). Other clinical outcomes were not significantly different: cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.27–1.74; P = 0.42), stroke (RR 0.62; 95% CI: 0.23–1.65; P = 0.34), stent thrombosis (RR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.13–1.06; P = 0.06), and bleeding (RR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.43–1.06; P = 0.09).ConclusionIn patients undergoing stent implantation, MACE with genotype‐guided therapy was not significantly reduced; however, there was a signal towards reduction of MACE in ACS patients, as well as a lower rate of MI, though this will require further confirmation in adequately powered trials.