bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Use for Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer at Five Public South African Hospitals and Impact on Time to Initial Cancer Therapy
Authors: O'Neil Daniel S. , Nietz Sarah , Buccimazza Ines , Singh Urishka , Čačala Sharon , Stopforth Laura W. , Joffe Maureen , Jacobson Judith S. , Neugut Alfred I. , Crew Katherine D. , Ruff Paul , Cubasch Herbert 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
In the U.S., neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for nonmetastatic breast cancer (BC) is used with extensive disease and aggressive molecular subtypes. Little is known about the influence of demographic characteristics, clinical factors, and resource constraints on NAC use in Africa.

Materials and Methods
We studied NAC use in a cohort of women with stage I–III BC enrolled in the South African Breast Cancer and HIV Outcomes study at five hospitals. We analyzed associations between NAC receipt and sociodemographic and clinical factors, and we developed Cox regression models for predictors of time to first treatment with NAC versus surgery.

Results
Of 810 patients, 505 (62.3%) received NAC. Multivariate analysis found associations between NAC use and black race (odds ratio [OR] 0.49; 95% confidence limit [CI], 0.25–0.96), younger age (OR 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92–0.97 for each year), T-stage (T4 versus T1: OR 136.29; 95% CI, 41.80–444.44), N-stage (N2 versus N0: OR 35.64; 95% CI, 16.56–76.73), and subtype (triple-negative versus luminal A: OR 5.16; 95% CI, 1.88–14.12). Sites differed in NAC use (Site D versus Site A: OR 5.73; 95% CI, 2.72–12.08; Site B versus Site A: OR 0.37; 95% CI, 0.16–0.86) and time to first treatment: Site A, 50 days to NAC versus 30 days to primary surgery (hazard ratio [HR] 1.84; 95% CI, 1.25–2.71); Site D, 101 days to NAC versus 126 days to primary surgery (HR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27–0.89).

Conclusion
NAC use for BC at these South African hospitals was associated with both tumor characteristics and heterogenous resource constraints.
Morphological Processes of Foot Process Effacement in Puromycin Aminonucleoside Nephrosis Revealed by FIB/SEM Tomography
Authors: Ichimura Koichiro , Miyaki Takayuki , Kawasaki Yuto , Kinoshita Mui , Kakuta Soichiro , Sakai Tatsuo 
Published: December 2018

Background
Foot process effacement is one of the pathologic indicators of podocyte injury. However, the morphologic changes associated with it remain unclear.

Methods
To clarify the developmental process, we analyzed puromycin nephrotic podocytes reconstructed from serial focused-ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) images.

Results
Intact podocytes consisted of four subcellular compartments: cell body, primary process, ridge-like prominence (RLP), and foot process. The RLP, a longitudinal protrusion from the basal surface of the cell body and primary process, served as an adhesive apparatus for the cell body and primary process to attach to the glomerular basement membrane. Foot processes protruded from both sides of the RLP. In puromycin nephrotic podocytes, foot process effacement occurred in two ways: by type-1 retraction, where the foot processes retracted while maintaining their rounded tips; or type-2 retraction, where they narrowed across their entire lengths, tapering toward the tips. Puromycin nephrotic podocytes also exhibited several alterations associated with foot process effacement, such as deformation of the cell body, retraction of RLPs, and cytoplasmic fragmentation. Finally, podocytes were reorganized into a broad, flattened shape.

Conclusions
The three-dimensional reconstruction of podocytes by serial FIB/SEM images revealed the morphologic changes involved in foot process effacement in greater detail than previously described.
Chronic endometritis is an indication for the pregravid preparation
Authors: Savelyeva G. M. , Mikhalev S. A. , Konoplyannikov A. G. , Mikhaleva L. M. , Babichenko I. I. , Boltovskaya M. N. 
Published: December 2018

The crucial role of chronic endometritis in the genesis of endometrial dysfunction has been currently established. The inflammatory process serves as a co-factor and leads to a decrease in the receptivity of the sex hormones of the endometrium due to impaired blood circulation of the tissue and fibrosis in the stroma of the endometrium.
This article is devoted to the study of the morpho-functional state of the endometrium in women of the reproductive age with abnormal uterine bleeding, in whom endometritis was diagnosed pathomorphologically, which is important for clarifying indications for the pregravid preparation in the future. A comprehensive examination of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding includes: bacterial culture (PCR) of the cervical canal and uterine cavity, hormonal profile, ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs and a complex histological examination of the uterine biopsy at the 7–10th and 19–21st days of the menstrual cycle, followed by immunohistochemical examination with the use of antibodies to the receptors of estrogens and progesterone, glycodelin, CD138, CD4, CD8, CD20.
Cómo juntar el agua y el aceite: metodología científica y hermenéutica según Roxana Ynoub
Authors: Ambrosini Cristina 
Published: December 2018

Para la epistemología positivista y neopositivista, la simple asociación de los términos “hermenéutica” y “método científico” es un escándalo, cuanto menos, una contradicción, ya que no admiten que la hermenéutica cumpla con los requisitos de objetividad y contrastabilidad necesarios para validar las teorías científicas. En esta tradición logicista,la metodología de la investigación científica está marcada por la tendencia a privilegiar unas argumentaciones sobre otras, en la búsqueda de un único método que dirima la legitimidad de las teorías en el campo de las ciencias naturales y sociales mientras que, otra tradición, ligada a enfoques historicistas, propone la autonomía de las ciencias sociales o la postulación de otra forma del monismo metodológico, quizás tan reduccionista como el positivista, pero ahora sobre la base de la admisión de los enfoques hermenéuticos para todas las ciencias. Así es que aparecen las polarizaciones tradicionales entre ciencias duras y blandas, entre enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos, entre explicacionistas y comprensivistas y otros antagonismos que pueblan los manuales dedicados a estos temas.
Población ocupada, problemas de empleo, y condiciones de vida en Catamarca y Tucumán (1880-1970)
Authors: Osatnsky Ariel 
Published: December 2018

A comienzos del siglo XXI, la provincia de Catamarca se distinguía de las restantes del Noroeste Argentino (NOA) por sus menores niveles de pobreza (Bolsi et al., 2009), mientras que Tucumán, con una economía de mayor magnitud, tenía un porcentaje superior de hogares pobres. Diversos trabajos muestran de qué forma Tucumán experimentó en las décadas de 1980 y 1990 transformaciones económicas más regresivas y un mayor deterioro laboral que Catamarca (Osatinsky, 2009; 2012; 2013; 2013a). Sin embargo, Tucumán, que había tenido desde fines de siglo XIX la economía más dinámica de la región, y Catamarca, con una estructura productiva tradicional y muy rezagada, tenían a comienzos de la década de 1980 niveles cercanos de pobreza estructural2.En ese sentido, el objeto de este artículo es analizar los cambios más relevantes que experimentaron las poblaciones ocupadas de ambas provincias, los problemas de empleo que sufrieron, y el impacto que tuvieron en las condiciones de vida en ese largo período.Se parte del supuesto de que las dificultades laborales constituyen un importante componente del vínculo que existe entre la economía y la pobreza.Estas provincias tuvieron en el tiempo un desarrollo económico disímil. Durante el siglo XVIII y las primeras décadas del XIX Catamarca y Tucumán tuvieron rasgos comunes como ser la diversificación que caracterizaba sus producciones, y cierto dinamismo en las relaciones comerciales. Siendo de mayor dimensión la economía tucumana, labrecha que la separaba en lo productivo de Catamarca no era tan grande.Sin embargo, a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, mientras que Tucumán experimentó una penetración más profunda de las formas de producción capitalistas, Catamarca conservó una estructura más tradicional en su economía.Las diferencias no se restringen al plano económico. Mientras que Catamarca posee una superficie de 102.602 km², su población en el período bajo estudio, no alcanzó a 200.000 habitantes. Por el contrario Tucumán, en una superficie de 22.24 km², tenía a mediados del siglo XX casi 600.000 habitantes, superando los 700.000 desde 1960, siendo la provincia con mayor densidad de la región. El artículo posee diversos apartados, que se corresponden con el estudio de los aspectos socioeconómicos mencionados en la etapa del modelo agroexportador, y en las distintas fases de período de industrialización sustitutiva de importanciones.
El uso de fuentes literarias e historias de vida como recursos para la investigación social cualitativa Una lectura microsociológica de La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes
Authors: Piñeiro Javier Andrés 
Published: December 2018

El presente artículo se propone trabajar el cruce entre literatura y ciencias sociales desde una perspectiva epistemológico–metodológica. Nuestra exposición tiene por principal objetivo destacar el valor que reviste para la investigación social cualitativa el recurso a historias de vida y obras literarias realistas (o costumbristas) como fuentes documentales a partir de las cuales es posible hacer una reconstrucción de los imaginarios, de la cultura, y de las características del orden social y de la vida cotidiana de una época y de un lugar. Para ello, realizaremos una lectura crítica de fragmentos escogidos de un producto cultural –la obra literaria La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes– a partir de supuestos, categorías y procedimientos prototípicos que pone en juego la teoría social que prioriza la perspectiva del sujeto. Por medio del análisispropuesto pretendemos entrar en el mundo de la vida cotidiana de los sectores sociales marginales de la España del siglo XVI, y señalar cómo a partir de las prácticas cotidianas de personajes histórica y socialmente situados se hace posible revelar algunas características distintivas del orden social vigente.
Situaciones que facilitan o dificultan la escritura de tesis de posgrado
Authors: Villabona Osorio Lady 
Published: December 2018

Estudios sobre maestrandos que aprueban todos los cursos, pero no obtienen su título o tardan demasiado en ello, muestran que el cuello de botella se concentra en la elaboración de la tesis, o que al llegar la tesis se produce la deserción en el posgrado, debido al insuficiente acompañamiento durante el proceso de formulación y escritura de la tesis. Los datos reafirman la necesidad de realizar cambios organizacionales en las maestrías, y se describen escenarios facilitadores para la escritura de las tesis en Argentina y Colombia.
Italo Calvino y un caso de inconmensurabilidad Entender a Kuhn mediante un cuento
Authors: Padlubne Rubén 
Published: December 2018

Desde los tiempos de la Grecia clásica se utilizaron formas ficcionales para hacer y enseñar filosofía. Así, por ejemplo, una y otra vez nos remitimos al mito de la caverna.Más allá de la ubicación de fronteras entre ambos universos conceptual- discursivos,resulta claro que la literatura es una herramienta fértil para pensar problemas filosóficos porque los textos con estatuto ficcional suponen teorías. Estos textos muestran el doble carácter de la ficción: lo empírico y lo imaginario, y, si son importantes, se sumergen en la turbulencia de lo real desdeñando la actitud ingenua.
Simulation Study The Using of Bayesian Quantile Regression in Nonnormal Error
Authors: Muharisa Catrin , Yanuar Ferra , Devianto Dodi 
Published: December 2018

The purposes of this paper is to introduce the ability of the Bayesian quantile regression method in overcoming the problem of the nonnormal errors using asymmetric laplace distribution on simulation study. Method: We generate data and set distribution of error is asymmetric laplace distribution error, which is non normal data. In this research, we solve the nonnormal problem using quantile regression method and Bayesian quantile regression method and then we compare. The approach of the quantile regression is to separate or divide the data into any quantiles, estimate the conditional quantile function and minimize absolute error that is asymmetrical. Bayesian regression method used the asymmetric laplace distribution in likelihood function. Markov Chain Monte Carlo method using Gibbs sampling algorithm is applied then to estimate the parameter in Bayesian regression method. Convergency and confidence interval of parameter estimated are also checked. Result: Bayesian quantile regression method results has more significance parameter and smaller confidence interval than quantile regression method. Conclusion: This study proves that Bayesian quantile regression method can produce acceptable parameter estimate for nonnormal error.
Management of buprenorphine/naloxone therapy in substances abuse consumers in prison: efficacy and safety
Authors: Nava Felice A. 
Published: December 2018

The use of agonist therapy in prison is not widespread in Italy or in the rest of the world. This causes a strong limitation in access to care for inmates, but above all causes serious negative consequences on public health, due to the lack of treatment of a population otherwise difficult to reach. This population, if left untreated, presents greater risks, when discharged from jail, of relapse in use, of infectious diseases occurrence and of death by overdose. Inappropriate treatment also causes a greater difficulty in the management of the inmate: several behavioral disorders, such as self-harm, self and hetero-aggression, and suicide attempts, can be prevented through an appropriate use of agonist therapy. One of the primary objectives in the management of illicit substance users is the increase in the proper use of agonistic treatments, in their duration and dosage and the improvement of their safety profile through the prevention of episodes of misuse and/or diversion. This can be achieved through the use of partial agonist drugs and abuse-deterrent formulations such as buprenorphine/naloxone (Pharmacology)
ANALISIS EKONOMI USAHATANI PADI DAN KELAYAKAN RUMAH TANGGA TANI DI DESA SAMBENG KULON KECAMATAN KEMBARAN KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Authors: Pratiwi Chica Anditia , Gunawan Dyah Setyorini , Istiqomah Istiqomah 
Published: December 2018

This study aims to analyze the economic efficiency of rice farming and to measure the contribution of rice farming to total household income and to analyze the living standard of farm households in Sambeng Kulon Village, Kembaran Sub-district, Banyumas Regency. The study was conducted in Sambeng Kulon Village, Kembaran Sub-district, Banyumas District. There were 71 farm households selected by stratified random sampling. The analysis used to calculate the economic efficiency of rice farming is R/C ratio. The contribution of paddy farming to farm household income is obtained by dividing the income earned from rice farming by the total household income multiplied by 100 percent. The living standard is measured by calculating the farm household income divided by the number of dependents in order to get percapita income. This figure is then compared to the regency’s current decent living standard.
The results of this study indicate that 1) rice farming in Sambeng Kulon village with an area of ​​≤ 0.5 Ha has a smaller profit (IDR2.718.580) compared with respondents who have land area> 0.5 Ha (IDR7.892.904), 2) the average contribution of rice farming income to farm households with landholding of ​​≤ 0.5 Ha (54,96 percent) is lower than the contribution of rice farming income obtained by respondents with landholding of > 0.5 Ha (77,43 percent), 3) the average income earned by respondents from rice farming (IDR1.624.961,00) is sufficient to meet the average household consumption of IDR 1,379,441.00, and 4) of 71 respondents in Sambeng Kulon Village, 63 respondents live below the decent living standard; after being added with nonfarm income, this figure decreased to 55 respondents. The implication of this research is that the respondents are expected to increase the landholding to increase income earned from rice farming or earn additional nonfarm income so that they can meet household consumption.
DAMPAK PENETRASI TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DALAM TRANSFORMASI SISTEM PENYULUHAN PERTANIAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Prayoga Kadhung 
Published: December 2018

The world today has entered to the era of information society connected in a virtual world. Not only in urban areas, this phenomenon is also commonly found in rural areas. Farmers in the village have begun to take advantage of their use of information technology to meet their needs. The result is a response from the government to develop an extension system based on the use of information technology called cyber extension. Based on this phenomenon, it takes a study of the effect of what is caused by the existence of cyber extension and the theory behind it. The approach used is qualitative approach using descriptive method and discourse analysis. The data used are secondary data collected through literature study method. From the discussion is known that cyber extension has given many changes in the social structure and culture of farming communities. Changes that there are moving towards the positive but there is also a precisely cyber extension causing changes to the negative direction. However, the change is not because of the reason because according to Castell, the growing information technology such as cyber extension is present in order to provide a positive effect for human life. While Bourdeau view cyber extension as an arena in which there is a fight capital owned by farmers and extension workers. So as to form a new habitus and give birth to a different social practice prior to the extension activities conducted in the virtual space.
Key word: information technology, cyber extension, extension, agriculture
DINAMIKA PERKEMBANGAN HARGA KOMODITAS CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annuum L) DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Nurvitasari Maya Eka , Suwandari Anik , Suciati Luh Putu 
Published: December 2018

Red chili prices in the market tend fluctuate over time. Development of red chilli in centers production included at Jember Regency continue to be made, but production still fluctuate and have not been able to meet market demand. Condition fluctuation production with uncertainty price needs to corrected immediately. Information of price and production need as solution to cope with fluctuation of red chili price. The research method used analytical descriptive method. Location chosen by purposive method at Jember Regency. The research used secondary time series data 2012 until 2016. Analytical tools used probability analysis and plot, trend analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis with double log model. The results showed that (1) production and prices red chili fluctuate every quarterly. The highest red chili price at farmers and consumers level occurred in the fourth quarter and the lowest in the second quarter. Red chili highest production in fourth quarter and lowest in first quarter. (2) Trend production and prices of red chili on 2017 until 2018 fluctuated and increased. (3) Factors that significantly affect of red chili supply are red chili production in previous month and harvested area.
KAJIAN RANTAI PERSEDIAAN BARANG (SUPPLY CHAIN) AGROINDUSTRI TEMPE DI KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Ningtyas Astri Maesyaroh , Hariyati Yuli , Hapsari Triana Dewi 
Published: December 2018

This study aimed to learn about, (1) Supply Chain, (2) Economic Order Quantity; Lead time ordering; Reorder point of soybean at an agroindustrial tempe. The results showed that: (1) Supply chain on agroindustrial tempe in Jember showed a different pattern: (a) The Supplier of soybean - agroindustrial tempe - outlets - consumer (agroindustrial tempe “Makmur”, “Rizqy”) (b) The Supplier of soybean - agroindustrial tempe - consumer (agroindustrial tempe “Makmur”, “Sumber Mas”, “Pratama”, “Rizqy”, and “UD.Rahayu”) (2) EOQ (Economic Order Quanttity) on agroindustrial tempe in Jember indicates of non economic result, because the total ordering cost is not equal to the total ordering cost; Lead time on Agroindustry of tempe in Jember is 0,02 day (agroindustrial tempe “Makmur”), 0,25 day (agroindustrial tempe “Sumber Mas”), 0,02 day (agroindustrial tempe “Pratama”), 0,04 day (agroindustrial tempe “Rizqy”), and 0,04 day (agroindustrial tempe “UD. Rahayu”); Reorder point of feedstock (soybean) in agroindustrial tempe in Jember is 1.5 kg (agroindustrial tempe “Makmur”), 250 kg (agroindustrial tempe “Sumber Mas”), 2 kg (agroindustrial tempe “Pratama”), 4 kg (agroindustrial tempe “Rizqy”), and 4 kg (agroindustrial tempe “UD. Rahayu”)
Keywords: supply chain, Economic Order Quantity, Lead time ordering, Reorder point, and agroindustrial tempe.
MODEL KERAGAAN SAYUR DAN BUAH SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH ERUPSI GUNUNG SINABUNG DI KABUPATEN KARO SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Lubis Satia Negara , Sabrina T , Fauziah Lili 
Published: December 2018

An eruption of Mount Sinabung since 2010 up to now have an impact on the production and export of vegetables and fruits in the district of Karo. The purpose of this research is 1) To analyze the supply-demand of vegetables and fruits in North Sumatra after the eruption of Mount Sinabung since 2010 and compare it with before the the eruption of Mount Sinabung And 2) To build a horticultural development model after the eruption of Mount Sinabung from the aspects of farming, middle-farm and post-harvest also policy simulation The analyzed data was the data series of Karo regency using the simultane model with method estimation two SLS. The result of analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the production of vegetables and fruits before and after the eruption of Mount Sinabung in Karo regency. While at the variable price shows that there was a significant difference before and after the eruption of Mount Sinabung As the simultaneous production, consumption, exports, domestic prices, horticulture export prices in the Karo district affect one another and the policy to develop production and horticulture export was by minimizing Bank Indonesia’s rate and decreasing the price of fertilizer by 10 percent.
STUDI KOMPARATIF USAHATANI SEMANGKA NON-BIJI PADA KELOMPOK TANI RIDHO LESTARI DI KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Dedi Rizki , Widjayanthi Lenny , Sudarko Sudarko 
Published: December 2018

Ridho Lestari farmer group are non-seed watermelon farmer groups who have permanent members and non-permanent members. Permanent members are farmers who have land while non permanent members are the farmers who do not have their own land. They rent from other farmers. This study aims to determine income, cost eficiency, and factors that influence farmer’s income. The study was conducted in the village of the district Muncar Tembokrejo districts Banyuwangi used analytical and comparative method. Sampling method used total sampling as much as 50 respondents. The data collection using interviews and literature were analyzed by income analysis, R/C ratio, and multiple linear regression. The results shows that (1) There were differences income significantly between permanent members and non-permanent members (2) There were differences on cost efficiency significantly between permanent members and non-permanent members (3) Factors that significantly influence farmer’s income were field cost (Rp), seed cost (Rp), pesticide cost (Rp), labor cost (Rp), sales volume (kg) and the selling price (Rp/Kg)