bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complementary and Integrative Medicine Use in Individuals Seeking Conventional Medical Oncology Care in Chile: Prevalence and Patient Characteristics
Authors: Lopez Gabriel , Salas Claudio Alejandro , Cadiz Fernando , Barriga Carolina , Gonzalez Pilar , Acevedo Sandra , Raimilla Patricia , Pincheira Pia , Naing Aung , Quiroga Marta 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE Complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) use during cancer care has increased in Western medical settings. Little is known about interest in and use of CIM approaches by oncology patients in Chile and South America. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients presenting for conventional outpatient or inpatient medical oncology care at the Clinica Alemana in Santiago, Chile, from March to June 2017 were asked to complete a survey about their interest in and use of CIM approaches. Goals included determining the prevalence of CIM use and exploring associations between CIM use and patient characteristics. Statistical analyses included a two-tailed t test for continuous variables, Fischer’s exact test for categorical variables, and logistic regression for association between CIM use and other variables. RESULTS Of 432 patients surveyed, 66.9% were diagnosed with breast cancer, 84.8% were women, the majority of patients (58.1%) were between age 40 and 60 years, and 51.5% (n = 221) reported CIM use. No association was found between CIM use and the sociodemographic variables of sex, age, education, or income. In all, 44.6% of patients with breast cancer reported CIM use compared with 64.8% of patients with other cancer types ( P > .001). Most commonly reported types of CIM used included herbals (49.1%), vitamins and minerals (40.8%), and prayer or meditation (40.4%). Most frequent reasons for CIM use were to “do everything possible” (72%) and to “improve my immune function” (67.8%). Most patients (43.4%) reported starting CIM use at the time of cancer diagnosis, with only 55.4% sharing information regarding CIM use with their medical team. CONCLUSION The majority of patients surveyed reported engaging in CIM use, with just over half the users communicating with their oncology team about their CIM use. Increased awareness of regional differences in CIM use may help increase communication regarding this subject and contribute to improved outcomes.
Life Without a Breast: Exploring the Experiences of Young Nigerian Women After Mastectomy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Olasehinde Olalekan , Arije Olujide , Wuraola Funmilola Olanike , Samson Marguerite , Olajide Olawumi , Alabi Timothy , Arowolo Olukayode , Boutin-Foster Carla , Alatise Olusegun Isaac , Kingham Thomas Peter 
Published: May 2019

PURPOSE The majority of women managed for breast cancer in Nigeria are relatively young, many in their forties. Mastectomy, the most common surgical treatment, raises psychosocial concerns. Understanding these concerns may help address the fears of women who refuse treatment and aid in the care of those who have had mastectomy. METHODS Using qualitative methods, we purposively sampled women 45 years of age and younger who underwent mastectomy for breast cancer at a Nigerian teaching hospital. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted using an unstructured interview guide. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed to identify themes and subthemes. RESULTS The study identified six major themes on the impact of mastectomy on psychosocial lives of women, namely decision for mastectomy, postmastectomy transition, body image changes, relationship with husband and sexual life, coping with life postmastectomy, and social support. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of addressing individual patient’s psychosocial needs and preferences when discussing breast cancer treatment with young women. The experiences of women described in this study reveal several useful themes for planning treatment protocols and postmastectomy care.
High-Intensity Interval Training for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention
Authors: CAMPBELL WAYNE W. , KRAUS WILLIAM E. , POWELL KENNETH E. , HASKELL WILLIAM L. , JANZ KATHLEEN F. , JAKICIC JOHN M. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , SPROW KYLE , TORRES ANDREA , PIERCY KATRINA L. , BARTLETT DAVID B. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee systematically searched existing literature reviews to assess the relationship between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and reduction in cardiometabolic disease risk.

Methods
Duplicate independent screenings of 260 articles identified from PubMed®, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases yielded suitable data from one systematic review and two meta-analyses. Search terms included a combination of “high intensity” “physical activity/exercise” and “interval training” and outcome-specific terms. The quality of the included reviews was assessed using a tailored version of the AMSTARExBP report on quality. Exposure Subcommittee members graded scientific evidence strength based on a five-criteria rubric and assigned one of four grades: strong, moderate, limited, or not assignable.

Results
Moderate evidence indicates that HIIT can improve insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and body composition in adults with group mean ages ranging from ~20 to ~77 yr. These HIIT-induced improvements in cardiometabolic disease risk factors are comparable with those resulting from moderate-intensity continuous training, and they are more likely to occur in adults at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes than in healthy adults. Moderate evidence also indicates that adults with overweight or obesity classification are more responsive than adults with normal weight to HIIT-related improvements in insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and body composition. Insufficient evidence was available to determine whether a dose–response relationship exists between the quantity of HIIT performed and several risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, or whether the effects of HIIT on cardiometabolic disease risk factors are influenced by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.

Conclusions
HIIT by adults, especially those with overweight and obesity classification, can improve insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and body composition, comparable with those resulting from moderate-intensity continuous training.
Effects of Physical Activity in Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Umbrella Review
Authors: KRAUS VIRGINIA B. , SPROW KYLE , POWELL KENNETH E. , BUCHNER DAVID , BLOODGOOD BONNY , PIERCY KATRINA , GEORGE STEPHANIE M. , KRAUS WILLIAM E. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We conducted a systematic umbrella review to evaluate the literature relating to effects of physical activity on pain, physical function, health-related quality of life, comorbid conditions and osteoarthritis (OA) structural disease progression in individuals with lower-extremity OA.

Methods
Our primary search encompassed 2011 to February 2018 for existing systematic reviews (SR), meta-analyses (MA) and pooled analyses dealing with physical activity including exercise (not mixed with any other intervention and compared to a no-activity control group). A supplementary search encompassed 2006 to February 2018 for original research related to physical activity (including exercise) and lower limb OA progression. Study characteristics were abstracted, and risk of bias was assessed.

Results
Physical activity decreased pain and improved physical function (strong evidence) and improved health-related quality of life (moderate evidence) among people with hip or knee OA relative to less active adults with OA. There was no evidence to suggest accelerated OA progression for physical activity below 10,000 steps per day. Both physical activity equivalent to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (150 min·wk−1 of moderate-intensity exercise in bouts ≥10 min) and lower levels of physical activity (at least 45 total minutes per week of moderate-intensity) were associated with improved or sustained high function. No SR/MA addressing comorbid conditions in OA were found. Measurable benefits of physical activity appeared to persist for periods of up to 6 months following cessation of a defined program.

Conclusions
People with lower-extremity OA should be encouraged to engage in achievable amounts of physical activity, of even modest intensities. They can choose to accrue minutes of physical activity throughout the entire day, irrespective of bout duration, and be confident in gaining some health and arthritis-related benefits.
Are we missing ‘previously treated’ smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis under programme settings in India? A cross-sectional study
Authors: Shewade Hemant Deepak , Gupta Vivek , Satyanarayana Srinath , Kharate Atul , Murali Lakshmi , Deshpande Madhav , Kumar Naresh , Pandey Prabhat , Bajpai U N , Tripathy Jaya Prasad , Kathirvel Soundappan , Pandurangan Sripriya , Mohanty Subrat , Ghule Vaibhav Haribhau , Sagili Karuna D , Prasad Banuru Muralidhara , Nath Sudhi , Singh Priyanka , Singh Kamlesh , Jayaraman Gurukartick , Rajeswaran P , Srivastava Binod Kumar , Biswas Moumita , Mallick Gayadhar , Bera Om Prakash , Jaisingh A James Jeyakumar , Naqvi Ali Jafar , Verma Prafulla , Ansari Mohammed Salauddin , Mishra Prafulla C , Sumesh G , Barik Sanjeeb , Mathew Vijesh , Lohar Manas Ranjan Singh , Gaurkhede Chandrashekhar S , Parate Ganesh , Bale Sharifa Yasin , Koli Ishwar , Bharadwaj Ashwin Kumar , Venkatraman G , Sathiyanarayanan K , Lal Jinesh , Sharma Ashwini Kumar , Kumar Ajay MV , Chadha Sarabjit S 
Published: May 2019

Background: In 2007, a field observation from India reported 11% misclassification among ‘new’ patients registered under the revised national tuberculosis (TB) control programme. Ten years down the line, it is important to know what proportion of newly registered patients has a past history of TB treatment for at least one month (henceforth called ‘misclassification’). Methods: A study was conducted among new smear-positive pulmonary TB patients registered between March 2016 and February 2017 in 18 randomly selected districts to determine the effectiveness of an active case-finding strategy in marginalised and vulnerable populations. We included all patients detected through active case-finding. An equal number of randomly selected patients registered through passive case-finding from marginalised and vulnerable populations in the same districts were included. Before enrolment, we enquired about any history of previous TB treatment through interviews. Results: Of 629 patients, we interviewed 521, of whom, 11% (n=56) had past history of TB treatment (public or private) for at least a month: 13% (34/268) among the active case-finding group and 9% (22/253) among the passive case-finding group (p=0.18). No factors were found to be significantly associated with misclassification. Conclusion: Around one in every ten patients registered as ‘new’ had previous history of TB treatment. Corrective measures need to be implemented, followed by monitoring of any change in the proportion of ‘previously treated’ patients among all registered patients treated under the programme at national level.
Imaging-Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma Presents as an Intrabiliary Mass
Authors: Alshati Ali , Bellapravalu Sharad , Srinivasan Indu , Nadir Abdul , Chuang Keng-Yu 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related death and one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. HCC prognosis remains poor with an average survival rate between 6 and 12 months. Obstructive jaundice, as a main clinical feature, is uncommon in HCC. HCC with bile duct invasion is much rarer than HCC with vascular invasion. We present a case where a patient's HCC was diagnosed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and digital cholangioscopy because his HCC manifested as an obstructing lesion in the intrahepatic duct, but not in the liver.
Direito Fundamental à Nacionalidade no Brasil
Authors: Arriaga Lara 
Published: May 2019

Este artigo tem como objeto analisar o acesso do estrangeiro à nacionalidade no Brasil e os direitos que lhe são decorrentes. Aborda, primeiramente, a adesão do País aos documentos internacionais de proteção à nacionalidade. Expõe, em seguida, o modo de concessão dessa garantia, bem como sua previsão legal. Mostra, após, como se dá a distinção entre nacionais e estrangeiros sob a ótica dos direitos fundamentais. Descreve, ainda, quais são as perspectivas para o século XXI no que tange ao acesso à nacionalidade. Em seguida, estuda algumas jurisprudências que mostram como as cortes nacionais têm se agido no que tange à concessão de direitos aos estrangeiros, como o acesso à justica, à saúde e à educação. Finalmente, discute a Lei 13.445/2017 e suas mudanças em relação à legislação anterior. Com o estudo, verificou-se que diversos direitos, os quais a lei garantia expressamente apenas aos nacionais, têm sido reconhecidos pelos tribunais e que o Estatuto do Estrangeiro de 1980 silenciava em relação à previsão de direitos e deveres aos imigrantes. Constatou-se, que a nova Lei de Migrações possui, todavia, lacunas e nela, há artigos que podem gerar diversos tipos de interpretações, principalmente com relação aos direitos dos apátridas.
Assessment of the diagnostic ability of RIFLE and SOFA scoring systems in comparison with protein biomarkers in acute kidney injury
Authors: Abedi Siavash , Makhlough Atieh , Rafie Alireza , Sharifpour Ali , Aliyali Masoud , Kordjazi Mohamadmehdi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
We aimed to assess the diagnostic sensitivity of Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-stage (RIFLE) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scoring systems regarding the serum creatinine level in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU). This study also aims to compare the sensitivity of these scoring systems with that of mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) as biomarkers.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study. Thirty patients with increased creatinine level and decreased urine output were recognized as AKI patients, and 30 patients were selected as the control group. The serum levels of each of the proteins of interest were measured at the initial state (moment of entrance) and final state (14th day in the ICU). Statistical analysis was performed with respect to t-test, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The diagnostic ability of biomarkers was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results
The majority of patients were recognized in the risk level of RIFLE, and level 1 of SOFA scoring system. There was no correlation between RIFLE and SOFA (p = 0.123). The expression of MPC-1, IL-10 and NGAL was more remarkable compared with the serum creatinine level. The ROC area change for MPC-1 and IL-10 was higher compared with that for NGAL. As a result, MPC-1 and IL-10 are more reliable biomarkers than NGAL to predict the incidence of AKI in the earlier stage.

Conclusions
There was no significant correlation between SOFA and RIFLE classification, and also the sensitivity of these scoring systems was identified at the risk level for AKI patients. Instead, the level of biomarkers alters earlier, and in higher concentration, than creatinine and urine output changes; therefore, they are more reliable than RIFLE and SOFA scoring systems for prognosis purposes.
A sociological analysis of moves in the formation of Iranian epitaphs
Authors: Karimnia Amin , Mohammad Jafari Fatemeh 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study investigated various manifestations of gravestone inscriptions to find different types of moves in the formation of such inscriptions in two Iranian social classes. The sample of the study included forty epitaphs in two shrines in the north and west of Tehran. Each epitaph was then photographed for analysis. Swales’ genre move model was used to analyze the data. The moves involved word choice, content, graphics, socio-cultural values, and written communicative practices. Considering socio-cultural factors characterizing the social classes, the results revealed four moves in the epitaphs in the Shrine located in north of Tehran, and eight moves in the Shrine located in west of Tehran. Out of the total of eight moves observed, three were different in the two classes. Comparing these patterns of moves and their frequencies, various emotional, structural, lexical, gender-specific, and age-specific differences were observed.
Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung über kommunale Ernährungssysteme: Marktakteursnetzwerke als Ansatzpunkte zur Gestaltung und Steuerung
Authors: Sipple David , Schanz Heiner 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFood markets are not considered to be a topic for governance on municipal levels. One reason for this is the de-localization of modern food systems, which is correlating with processes of globalization and differentiation (horizontally by different food groups, vertically by value creation stages). This is leading to an increasing complexity and declining transparency of production-, process- and value chains within food markets. Moreover, there is evidence for strong concentration processes especially within the German food retail sector, where a few large competitors divide the market among themselves. Because of that, food markets are perceived to be hardly accessible for governance approaches and possibilities of coordination on municipal levels, such as strengthening ecological sustainability or regional identity. But at the same time, there is a variety of companies or ‘market actors’ producing, processing and retailing food, located within municipalities and embedded in and connected to each other via food markets on municipal, regional, national and international levels. The existence of these food supply market networks within municipalities are opening up the possibility of capturing and describing them as well as analyzing their structures with methods of social network analysis (SNA). While analyzing the horizontal market networks of food supply within two South-German municipalities, the present study intends to develop a systematic approach for capturing market structures of food supply on municipal levels and – building on this – deriving related governance approaches and coordination possibilities.
Material Characterization of GFRP Bars in Compression Using a New Test Method
Authors: Khorramian Koosha , Sadeghian Pedram 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This article presents a new test method for determining the mechanical properties of glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) composite bars in compression, namely the compressive strength, compressive modulus of elasticity, ultimate crushing strain, and compressive stress-strain curves of the bars. The contribution of GFRP bars in compression is currently neglected by major design guidelines related to GFRP-reinforced concrete columns. However, the demand for using GFRP bars is increasing because multiple researchers have shown the effectiveness of the bars in concrete columns. Thus, the need for characterization of the mechanical properties of GFRP bars is increasing, while there is no standardized test method to evaluate the compressive properties of these bars. Therefore, in this article, a new test method is proposed for evaluating the compressive characteristics of GFRP bars. The proposed test method was examined through testing a total of 35 specimens. It was observed that the test method was able to evaluate the compressive characteristics of the GFRP bars successfully. Three different modes of compressive failure were observed, which were related to the crushing of GFRP bars in different locations in the bar, but no premature failure or bar buckling was observed. Moreover, a comparison between tensile and compression characteristics of the GFRP bars showed that the tensile test results are not sufficient to estimate the compressive characteristics, and performing a compression test is necessary.
Improving Centerline Solidification Crack Resistivity of AA 2024 Using Tandem Side-by-Side GTAW Technique
Authors: Albannai Abdulaziz I. , Aloraier Abdulkareem S. , Alaskari Ayman M. , Alawadhi Meshal Y. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this study, four gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) techniques were employed by varying the travel speed and arc motion to analyze centerline solidification crack resistivity, namely slow (3.6 mm/s), fast (8.4 mm/s), weaving (4.2 mm/s), and tandem side-by-side with alternating working electrodes (3.6 mm/s). Welding high-strength materials like aluminum alloy 2024 (AA 2024) using fusion welding processes may cause centerline solidification cracking due to the wide range of solidification temperatures. AA 2024 was used because of its high susceptibility to centerline solidification cracking; it is mainly used in aerospace industries. This alloy is considered a nonweldable material when fusion welding processes are applied. A GTAW process was used because it has better control over the welding parameters and produces high quality welds. Overall, the tandem technique resulted in thinner axial grain structure surrounded by some equiaxed grains in the weld zone. Moreover, the resistance of centerline solidification cracking was improved by using the tandem technique because of the resulting disordered grain orientation, which reduces crack energy by deflecting the crack path and preventing crack propagation through thickness. In addition, a reduction in the average grain size of 40–60 % was achieved by implementing the tandem technique because of its fast cooling rate. The tandem technique also showed better improvement in microhardness in the weld zone compared to the other three techniques.
Synaptic Wiring of Corticostriatal Circuits in Basal Ganglia: Insights into the Pathogenesis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Authors: Kuo Hsiao-Ying , Liu Fu-Chin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe striatum is a key hub in the basal ganglia for processing neural information from the sensory, motor, and limbic cortices. The massive and diverse cortical inputs entering the striatum allow the basal ganglia to perform a repertoire of neurological functions ranging from basic level of motor control to high level of cognition. The heterogeneity of the corticostriatal circuits, however, also renders the system susceptible to a repertoire of neurological diseases. Clinical and animal model studies have indicated that defective development of the corticostriatal circuits is linked to various neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Tourette syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and schizophrenia. Importantly, many neuropsychiatric disease-risk genes have been found to form the molecular building blocks of the circuit wiring at the synaptic level. It is therefore imperative to understand how corticostriatal connectivity is established during development. Here, we review the construction during development of these corticostriatal circuits at the synaptic level, which should provide important insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders related to the basal ganglia and help the development of appropriate therapies for these diseases.