bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pendapatan Petani Padi Pengguna Pupuk Organik dan Anorganik di Kecamatan Harau
Authors: Hendriani Riva , Hanum Latifa , Sari Regia Indah Kemala 
Published: March 2019

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh adanya ketergantungan petani menggunakan pupuk anorganik dan meningkatnya harga pupuk anorganik tersebut yang berakibat pada bertambahnya biaya produksi dan berkurangnya keuntungan usahatani padi, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga petani. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya diperoleh informasi bahwa terdapat perbedaan pendapatan petani padi pengguna pupuk organik dengan pendapatan petani padi pengguna pupuk anorganik di Kecamatan Harau. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan petani padi pengguna pupuk organik dan anorganik di Kecamatan Harau. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan survey kepada petani padi di Kecamatan Harau. Analisa data dilakukan secara kuantitatif yaitu melalui analisa regresi linier berganda dan dilanjutkan dengan uji F. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi secara nyata pendapatan petani padi pengguna pupuk organik dan anorganik di Kecamatan Harau adalah: Luas lahan dan biaya produksi. Sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi secara tidak nyata adalah: umur petani, pendidikan petani, jumlah produksi dan harga produksi.
Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan Warung Mikro pada Bank Syariah Mandiri KC Payakumbuh
Authors: Arnayulis Arnayulis , Putri Mega Amelia , Putri Indri Wahyu 
Published: March 2019

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk : 1) mengetahui tentang proses pembiayaan di Warung Mikro BSM Kantor Cabang Payakumbuh, 2) mengidentifikasi jenis resiko dan faktor penyebab terjadinya resiko dalam pembiayaan dan 3) menganalisis penerapan manajemen resiko pembiayaan Warung Mikro di BSM KC Payakumbuh. Penelitian ini berawal pada Februari sampai dengan April 2018. Metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan mengumpulkan data melalui interview dan studi literatur. Proses pembiayaan pada Warung Mikro terdiri dari pengajuan pembiayaan dan pemberian persyaratan, pemeriksaan kelengkapan persyaratan, analisa kelayakan pembiayaan, pembuatan proposal pembiayaan, akad, dan pencairan. Resiko yang dihadapi dalam pembiayaan Warung Mikro ini adalah resiko default, resiko persaingan yang kompetitif, resiko pengembalian barang, dan resiko dijualnya objek pembiayaan. Resiko default terjadi karena faktor internal berupa analisis pembiayaan yang salah, bank yang terlalu ekspansif dan tergiur dengan agunan yang besar; dan faktor eksternal berupa kondisi usaha nasabah, riwayat nasabah, dan kondisi nasabah. Implementasi manajemen resiko di Warung Mikro BSM KC Payakumbuh terdiri dari identifikasi resiko, pengukuran resiko, pemantauan resiko, dan pengendalian resiko.
Developments in Psychotraumatology: A Conceptual, Biological, and Cultural Update
Authors: Maercker Andreas , Augsburger Mareike 
Published: March 2019

This report discusses recent developments of psychotraumatology mainly related to the recently published ICD-11, but also from a societal point of view.The selected aspects of the development of this field will be presented as a scoping review.In the first section, the new concept of disorders specifically associated with stress and its relevant diagnostic groups (posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD], complex PTSD, prolonged grief disorder, and adjustment disorder) are presented, with an emphasis on PTSD. The second section embeds these diagnostic concepts within a broader context. In particular, the concept of psychotraumatology is applied to the impact of adverse childhood experiences. More specifically, recent scientific developments are discussed with respect to biological stress research. In a third section, a global perspective is applied that reflects psychotraumatology as embedded in culturally-specific concepts. Lastly, societal developments are taken into consideration. This section focusses on recent processes of victim acknowledgement and compensation taking place in Europe and beyond. Examples are provided for how traumatic stress is perceived and processed in society. Concepts such as continuous stress and historical trauma are also discussed.Demands and opportunities of basic research and psychological interventions with a global focus are outlined.Psychotraumatology is an expanding field including both basic research and intervention-related research.Starting points of this new research area are not only potential traumatic events but also adverse childhood experiences.In a globalized world, cultural and societal factors play an increasingly important role in psychotraumatology.Psychotraumatology is an expanding field including both basic research and intervention-related research.Starting points of this new research area are not only potential traumatic events but also adverse childhood experiences.In a globalized world, cultural and societal factors play an increasingly important role in psychotraumatology.
“Through a glass, darkly”: The metaphor of the lens in public discussions about the Canadian Museum for Human Rights
Authors: Struch Joanne Lynn 
Published: March 2019

Even before it has opened its doors, the Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR) has been a topic of discussion, controversy and debate among scholars and in the media. What human rights issues should be included in the museum and how these should be represented have become fodder for public discussion and media criticism. This paper discusses some of the recent scholarship about ideas-based museums in conjunction with theories of the rhetoric of human rights in order to provide a context for a close reading of the use of the metaphor of the lens in the public debate about the CHMR. The paper suggests that the use of the lens metaphor is part of the “spectacular rhetoric” of human rights that, as argued by Wendy Hesford in Spectacular Rhetorics, “activates certain cultural and national narratives and social and political relations” (9). As such this metaphor is a restricted one that “defines the parameters of the public's engagement with key human rights issues” (Hesford 10). ReferencesHesford, Wendy. Spectacular Rhetorics: Human Rights Visions, Recognitions, Feminisims. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011. Print.
Development Potential of the Journal «Voprosy statistiki»
Authors: Zavarina Elena S. 
Published: March 2019

This article covers some development directions for the professional statistical journal that is the journal «Voprosy statistiki». There are two fundamental principles of editorial policy of the journal: first, the adherence to best traditions of the established editorial school; second, implementing reasonably required modernizations that is essential for the development of the journal. The author comments on the positive trends in updating the remit of the journal, its information density; improving the quality of scientific publications and their compliance with contemporary tasks facing the state statistics system. The paper argues that the journal should enhance its function as an instrument of feedback for the editors and the readers, and the institute of official statistics and the general public. In this regard, there is a necessity to revise the ways to increase the journal’s audience and the pool of potential authors who determine the content of the journal as well as its distribution forms - printed and electronic format. The author addresses further steps towards improving the competitiveness of the journal «Voprosy statistiki», its promotion in the global science and information space of professional statistical publications.
Milestones of a Century-Long Journey of the Russian Professional Statistical Journal
Authors: Ryabushkin Bоris T. 
Published: March 2019

This article briefly outlines milestones for the Russian information and science journal «Voprosy statistiki» amid its 100th anniversary. The paper addresses the story behind the establishment of a national professional periodical journal and presents objective and goals set before at its creation in January 1919. A point of emphasis is that applied mathematics is vital for shaping statistics as a tool, in contemporary terms, of modelling socio-economic processes. There is a need for aiming statistics at obtaining specific practical effects in executive decision-making. There is an attempt to set a historical timeline of the evolution of editorial policy and provide a brief content-related description of publishing activities, advanced topics in statistics at some stages of development of the country, place of statistics in society, its relationship with the state. The author mentions issues of the journal dating to various periods of the journal history: pre-war and post-war, the Thaw, perestroika, post-perestroika and modern period. The paper references relevant articles authored by Russian and various foreign statisticians, researchers, professors, practitioners in statistics. The author identifies the role of journal founder in developing common content-related strategy, improvement of editorial policy. The article describes the evolution of the editorial policy in the last 25 years, modern day issues and challenges facing the journal editors and possible solutions for them.
Change Point Detection of Sustainable Periods of Economic Systems Under the Robust Control
Authors: Khrushchev S. E. , Alekseev M. A. , Logachova O. M. 
Published: March 2019

This article addresses the potential of mathematical and statistical modelling the change point detection in economic systems on the example of UC «RUSAL». Change point prediction of stable or quasi-stable periods of economic systems is necessary for the operational changing of a strategy, tactics and control of the considered economic system. It solves one of the robust control problems, the purpose of which is the synthesis of the regulator that can provide the preservation of output variables of the system within the robust limit for all types of membership functions and the uncertainty of the input data.The developed algorithm is based on the study of the behavior of residuals of regression models by the observed series of the dynamics of some exponent (as a benchmark was chosen the price of ordinary share). This algorithm is applicable for small volume samples, which, as a rule, are the series of dynamics of exponents of economic systems and also, in the study of non-Gaussian observational models.
Measuring Digital Economy in National Accounts
Authors: Tatarinov A. A. 
Published: March 2019

The paper addresses methodological and practical issues of statistical evaluation of the digital economy in macroeconomic calculations. The UN Statistical Commission has determined the statistical description of digitalisation processes as one of the priorities of the SNA research programme.The author examines the problems and structure of Digital Economy Satellite Account (DESA) proposed by OECD as a complex tool for measuring digitalisation processes. Compiling this account will enable statisticians to evaluate all measurable phenomena in a digital economy and expand the production boundaries by including free digital services into the evaluation.Compilers of the new SNA satellite account now focus on Digital Supply and Use Tables (DSUT) that play the role of core structure for the future DESA. In the process, the traditional SUT structure is revised by including new groups of specific products and extracting digital components of several products of CPA classification. Moreover, developers add new industries that form by reclassifying producer units en­gaged in digital production.The author explores the issue of measuring «digital» value added and outlines approaches to solving it used, for example, by the US Bureau of Economic Analysis. He also gives a summary of the relevant methodological challenges affecting DESA compilation.Special attention in the paper is paid to the problem of valuation of data (information) which is not covered by the existing 2008 SNA methodology. The author proposes to evaluate data as a non-produced asset, using the Net Present Value (NPV) approach. According to it the value of information (non-produced asset) at a specific moment is equal to the difference between the sum of discounted future incomes of the organisation and the value of its fixed capital. Such an approach could be applied to the valuation of data used as a principal subject of activity by organisations producing digital products.The paper also presents various aspects of statistical evaluation of free digital products.It is the author’s opinion that approaches to statistical evaluation presented in this article could serve as a basis for creating the system of such measures in the Russian Federation.
About the Journal «Voprosy statistiki» and its Authors
Authors: Pashintseva N. I. 
Published: March 2019

This article is devoted to the commemoration of the 100th anniversary of the Journal «Voprosy statistiki». In it, the author shares her opinion on the evolution of the journal for the past several decades commenting further on the period from the second half of 1980th. It was Perestroika - the democratization of society, development of the policy of open discussion («glasnost») and transition to the market economy - that led to reforms in the state statistics. This period marked a significant shift in the journal’s evolution. It started accepting articles introducing the readers to new, original approaches to various research fields in statistical science. They covered questions related to the economic reform, development of new methodological approaches aimed at reforming the system of statistical indicators and improving methods of statistical observation; as well as introducing into statistical practice the improved system of the national accounts: 2008 SNA instead of 1993 SNA.The author not only reminisces about Russian scientists and educators in statistics but also characterizes them from different perspectives as professionals and human beings; she addresses their role in establishing the school for training statistical personnel, that is relevant to this day. The article touches upon the question of increasing statistical literacy that today is an integral part of professional training of specialists in science and education, production, business, and other areas.
Fonctionnement du vocabulaire dans la vulgarisation et problèmes de lexique
Authors: Mortureux Marie-Françoise , Petit Gérard 
Published: March 2019

The linguistic models generally present unsophisticated semantic component of the lexicon ; on the other hand, the discourse analysis describes the functionning, particularly semantic, of the vocabulary. We look here, on the one hand, at lexicological observations, concerning the discourse of popularization ; on the other hand, at theorical propositions concerning the relation between designative reference and predicative reference of the lexemes.
That suggests, for the discourse analysis, directions of research, apt to produce material for lexical semantics.
New Insights into the Physical Conditions and Internal Structure of a Candidate Proto-globular Cluster
Authors: Finn Molly K. , Johnson Kelsey E. , Brogan Crystal L. , Wilson Christine D. , Indebetouw Remy , Harris William E. , Kamenetzky Julia , Bemis Ashley 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present ∼0.″1 resolution (∼10 pc) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of a molecular cloud identified in the merging Antennae galaxies with the potential to form a globular cluster, nicknamed the “Firecracker.” Since star formation has not yet begun at an appreciable level in this region, this cloud provides an example of what the birth environment of a globular cluster may have looked like before stars formed and disrupted the natal physical conditions. Using emission from 12CO(2–1), 12CO(3–2), 13CO(2–1), HCN(4–3), and HCO+(4–3) molecular lines, we are able to resolve the cloud’s structure and find that it has a characteristic radius of 22 pc and a mass of (1–9) × 106
M
⊙. We also put constraints on the abundance ratios 12CO/13CO and H2/12CO. Based on the calculation of the mass, we determine that the commonly used CO-to-H2 conversion factor in this region varies spatially, with average values in the range

cm−2 (K km s−1)−1. We demonstrate that if the cloud is bound (as is circumstantially suggested by its bright, compact morphology), an external pressure in excess of P/k > 108 K cm−3 is required. This would be consistent with theoretical expectations that globular cluster formation requires high-pressure environments, much higher than typical values found in the Milky Way. The position–velocity diagram of the cloud and its surrounding material suggests that this high pressure may be produced by ram pressure from the collision of filaments. The radial profile of the column density can be fit with both a Gaussian and a Bonnor–Ebert profile. If the Bonnor–Ebert fit is taken to be indicative of the cloud’s physical structure, it would imply the cloud is gravitationally stable and pressure-confined. The relative line strengths of HCN and HCO+ in this region also suggest that these molecular lines can be used as a tracer for the evolutionary stage of a cluster.
Theory of Stochastic Shock Drift Acceleration for Electrons in the Shock Transition Region
Authors: Katou Takuma , Amano Takanobu 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We propose a novel electron acceleration mechanism, which we call stochastic shock drift acceleration (SSDA), that extends the standard shock drift acceleration for low-energy electrons at a quasi-perpendicular shock to include the effect of stochastic pitch-angle scattering. We demonstrate that the steady-state energy spectrum of electrons accelerated within the shock transition region becomes a power law in the limit of strong scattering. The spectral index is independent of the pitch-angle scattering coefficient. On the other hand, the maximum energy attainable through the mechanism scales linearly with the pitch-angle scattering coefficient. These results have been confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations that include finite pitch-angle anisotropy. We find that the theory can reasonably well explain in situ observations of quasi-perpendicular Earth’s bow shock. The theoretical scaling law suggests that the maximum energy increases in proportion to the square of the shock speed, indicating that the thermal electrons may be accelerated up to mildly relativistic energies by the SSDA at quasi-perpendicular supernova remnant shocks. Therefore, the mechanism provides a plausible solution to the long-standing electron injection problem.
Observations of Short-period Current Sheet Flapping Events in the Earth's Magnetotail
Authors: Wei Y. Y. , Huang S. Y. , Rong Z. J. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Deng X. H. , Zhou M. , Fu H. S. , Yu X. D. , Xu S. B. , He L. H. , Deng D. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The flapping motion of the current sheet, with the period from several minutes to tens of minutes, is one common dynamic phenomenon in the planetary magnetotail. This Letter reports on one current sheet flapping event with the short semi-period of ∼6 s on 2017 July 17 in the Earth’s magnetotail for the first time using the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. This short time period flapping event consists of five consecutive crossings of the current sheet. Based on a multipoint analysis of the MMS, it is found that the first four crossings propagated duskward and belong to kink-like flapping, and the fifth crossing belongs to steady flapping. The current sheet flapping was embedded in the diffusion region of magnetic reconnection, which was identified by the well-organized Hall electromagnetic field. The period of current sheet flapping was modulated by the reconnection electric field and perpendicular plasma flow, indicating that this flapping motion may be triggered by the periodical unsteady magnetic reconnection.
Approche ethnoarchéologique des charpentes à poteaux plantés : les loges d’Anjou-Touraine
Authors: Épaud Frédéric 
Published: March 2019

Les loges d’Anjou-Touraine sont des petits bâtiments agricoles en bois, à poteaux plantés, construits au xxe siècle. Cet article tente d’analyser les différents types architecturaux recensés parmi une cinquantaine de loges observées en Indre-et-Loire et Maine-et-Loire. Chaque type est présenté à travers le relevé des bâtiments les mieux conservés, complété dans certains cas des témoignages oraux de leurs constructeurs. Cette étude a pour but d’apporter des éléments de réponse d’ordre ethnoarchéologique aux questions posées par les plans des bâtiments à poteaux plantés découverts en fouille, d’éclairer les architectures correspondantes et d’observer sur le temps long le comportement du bois dans les trous de poteau.
Economic injury levels for pea aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) as direct pests of commercial dry peas (Fabaceae) during reproductive growth stages in the Pacific Northwest of North America
Authors: Stokes Bradley S. , Bechinski Edward J. , Eigenbrode Sanford D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEmpirically-based economic injury levels are lacking for pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris (Hemiptera: Aphididae), as a direct pest of dry peas, Pisum sativum Linnaeus (Fabaceae). To address this need, the relationship between pea aphid density and yield of dry pea (cultivar Aragorn) were quantified by encaging pea aphids at varying densities for 17-day infestation periods during 2009 and 2010 in Moscow, Idaho, United States of America. Pea aphid density after infestation at the early reproductive stage of the crop (x) significantly reduced dry pea seed yield (relative weight of US #1 dry peas, y): y = 0.7733 − 0.00998x + 0.000037x2. Economic injury levels were computed based on this relationship and incorporating the cost of control, crop market value, insecticide efficacy, and crop yield potential. The resulting economic injury levels ranged from five to 19 pea aphids per plant at the start of early reproductive growth stages of dry peas. For usability these were converted to sweep net sample size equivalents of 86–307 pea aphids per twenty-five 180-degree sweeps with a standard sweep net. These economic injury levels are applicable in the inland Pacific Northwest, United States of America, where they were developed and likely in other regions with similar climatic and agronomic conditions.