bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety and anger of homeless people coping with dental care
Authors: Mago Anjali , MacEntee Michael I. , Brondani Mario , Frankish James 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo reveal and describe from open‐ended interviews how homeless people in Vancouver interpret, appraise and cope with dental care.MethodsAudio‐recorded interviews with 25 homeless people (18 men and 7 women; age range: 25‐64 years), purposefully selected for a range of experiences, were transcribed and analysed inductively. The process of interpretive description drawing from the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations and Lazarus's Theory of Emotions identified how participants appraised and coped with dental care.ResultsFour dominant themes emerged: barriers to care; service use; opinions on dental health; and improving dental services. Participants were anxious about the cost of dentistry and fearful of dentists. They got emergency dental care with difficulty, usually in hospital emergency departments although mostly they preferred self‐treatment. They acknowledged the importance of dental health but felt stigmatized by their homelessness and visibly unhealthy mouths. They wanted accessible dental services with financial assistance from government, more widespread information about community dental clinics, and, notably among the Indigenous participants, less humiliating discrimination from dentists.ConclusionsHomeless people have difficulty coping with dental care. They believe that dentistry is frightening, humiliating and expensive, and governments are neither sympathetic to their disability nor willing to provide helpful information about community dental clinics or sufficient dental benefits for their needs.
Methodological issues in assessing the association between periodontitis and caries among adolescents
Authors: Nascimento Gustavo G. , Baelum Vibeke , Dahlen Gunnar , Lopez Rodrigo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the association between dental caries and periodontitis among adolescents participating in a case‐control study of periodontitis. In addition, we compared 2 analytical approaches to estimate the association: conventional regression and structural equation modelling (SEM).MethodsAlong with periodontal recordings, data were obtained on caries, just as subgingival plaque samples were collected. Sociodemographic information was collected with a questionnaire. We used factor analyses to express the many correlated clinical periodontal dimensions in a smaller number of factors. The association between caries (counts of enamel and dentin lesions, or dentin lesions only) and periodontitis was tested using negative binomial regression with robust variance (conventional regression) and weighted least squares (SEM) estimation.ResultsFactor analysis revealed 2 different latent periodontal variables: “extent” and “severity” of periodontitis. Using conventional regression, the “extent” of periodontitis was positively associated with higher counts of dentin caries lesions, even after adjustments for maternal education and subgingival microbial composition (rate ratio 1.34; 95% CI 1.07‐1.68). The “severity” of periodontitis was associated with lower counts of enamel and dentin caries lesions (rate ratio 0.85 95% CI 0.77‐0.92). The SEM revealed a positive association between periodontitis “extent” and number of dentin caries lesions (coefficient 0.29; P < .0001). The “severity” of periodontitis was negatively associated with enamel and dentin caries (coefficient −0.44; P < .0001).ConclusionsWe found an association between caries and periodontitis among adolescents. The “severity” of periodontitis was negatively associated with enamel/dentin caries, whereas the “extent” of periodontitis was positively associated with dentin caries irrespective of the analytical approach employed.
Body fat content, fat distribution and adipocytokine production and their correlation with fertility markers in young adult men and women conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
Authors: Belva F. , De Schepper J. , Roelants M. , Tournaye H. , Bonduelle M. , Provyn S. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryObjectiveDifferences in body fat content during childhood and adolescence have been described in offspring conceived by in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). However, data on body fat and its distribution as well as on adipocytokine production in young adults conceived by ICSI are nonexistent. We investigated if young adult men and women conceived by ICSI have a normal body fat patterning and adipocytokine production.DesignCohort study.PatientsOne hundred twenty‐seven young adults conceived by ICSI and 138 peers born after spontaneous conception.MeasurementsAnthropometric parameters (skinfold thickness, hip and waist circumferences), dual X‐ray absorptiometry (whole body and regional) measurements and adipocytokine levels (leptin and adiponectin) were analysed in relation to fertility markers (serum anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B).ResultsWhile at age 18 years, a normal body fat distribution and normal leptin and adiponectin production was found in both male and female ICSI offspring, young men conceived by ICSI had a higher peripheral fat deposition in comparison with spontaneously conceived peers. No correlation between AMH and inhibin B with leptin or adiponectin was observed.ConclusionWhile men conceived by ICSI, but not women, had a higher peripheral fat deposition, body fat distribution as well as mean levels of adipocytokines were not affected by the mode of conception.
Novel insights on testicular volume and testosterone replacement therapy in Klinefelter patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction. A retrospective clinical study
Authors: Garolla Andrea , Selice Riccardo , Menegazzo Massimo , Valente Umberto , Zattoni Filiberto , Iafrate Massimo , Prayer‐Galetti Tommaso , Gardiman Marina P. , Ferlin Alberto , Di Nisio Andrea , Foresta Carlo 
Published: February 2018

SummaryStudy questionTo investigate whether sperm recovery is related to clinical features, hormone parameters and testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in patients with Klinefelter syndrome (KS).Summary answerThis study provides three interesting insights: (i) the probability to retrieve sperm is not related to testicular volume; (ii) TRT does not affect sperm retrieval rate (SRR); and (iii) reduced levels of LH and FSH represent a negative predictor of sperm retrieval in patients with TRT.What is known alreadyClassical KS shows a karyotype with one extra X chromosome in all of somatic cells and clinical manifestations characterized by hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and infertility.Study design, size and durationWe performed a retrospective cohort study. Data from 111 consecutive KS azoospermic patients undergoing testicular sperm extraction (TESE) were collected from 2005 to 2016.Participants/materials, setting and methodsData on anthropometric parameters, reproductive hormones and testicular volumes were collected. SRR was related to clinical characteristics and compared between TRT and untreated patients.Main results and the role of chanceA total of 38 patients (34.2%) had successful sperm recovery. The comparison of clinical characteristics did not differ between patients with and without sperm recovery. Sperm retrieval was successful also in subjects with smaller testes. The comparison of SRR in patients with or without TRT was not different (33.3% vs 34.6%). In TRT group, LH and FSH levels were significantly lower in subjects with no sperm retrieval (P values, respectively, <.05 and <.001).Limitations and reasons for cautionWell‐designed controlled studies are necessary to confirm these data aimed to set the best therapeutic approach for fertility management in hypogonadal patients with nonmosaic KS.Wider implications of the findingsAge at TESE, anthropometric measures, testis volume, sex hormones levels and semen parameters are not predictive parameters of SRR. Among TRT patients, reduced gonadotropin is related to failure in sperm retrieval.
An assessment of 18F‐FDG PET/CT for thoracic screening and risk stratification of pulmonary nodules in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: So Alvin , Pointon Owen , Hodgson Richard , Burgess John 
Published: February 2018

SummaryContextBronchopulmonary neuroendocrine tumours (bpNETs) and thymic carcinoid (ThC) are features of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1), and surveillance guidelines recommend periodic thoracic imaging. The optimal thoracic imaging modality and screening frequency remain uncertain as does the prognosis of small lung nodules when identified.ObjectivesTo evaluate fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) for identification and prognostic assessment of thoracic lesions in MEN 1.DesignRetrospective observational study.Setting and participantsFifty consecutive MEN 1 patients undergoing screening with 18F‐FDG PET/CT at a tertiary referral hospital between July 2011 and December 2016.Interventions18F‐FDG PET/CT.Outcome measuresPulmonary and thymic lesion prevalence, size, functional characteristics and behaviour.ResultsThirteen patients (26.0%) exhibited pulmonary nodules with multiple nodules identified in nine (18.0%). An asymptomatic 31 mm FDG‐avid ThC was identified in one patient (2%). Of the 13 patients with pulmonary nodules, four (8.0%) exhibited 13 FDG‐avid nodules (mean size 10.1 ± 9.1 mm), and nine (18.0%) demonstrated 26 FDG nonavid nodules (mean size 6.9 ± 5.8 mm). All FDG‐avid lesions increased in size vs 11 (42.3%) FDG nonavid lesions (P = .0004). For FDG‐avid and nonavid nodules, the median doubling time was 24.2 months (IQR 11.4‐40.7) and 48.6 months (IQR 37.0‐72.2), respectively. Nodule resection was undertaken in two patients, typical bronchial carcinoid diagnosed in one (FDG nonavid) and metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the second (FDG avid).ConclusionThoracic imaging with 18F‐FDG PET/CT effectively identifies pulmonary nodules and ThC. FDG‐avid pulmonary lesions are significantly more likely to progress than nonavid lesions.
Bacterial microleakage at the abutment‐implant interface, in vitro study
Authors: Larrucea Carlos , Conrado Aparicio , Olivares Denise , Padilla Carlos , Barrera Andrea , Lobos Olga 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn implant rehabilitation, a microspace is created at the abutment‐implant interface (AII). Previous research has shown that oral microbiome can proliferate in this microspace and affect periimplant tissues, causing inflammation in peri‐implant tissues. Preventing microbial leakages through the AII is therefore an important goal in implantology.ObjectiveTo determine the presence of marginal bacterial microleakage at the AII according to the torque applied to the prosthetic implant in vitro.Material and MethodsTwenty‐five Ticare Inhex internal conical implants (MG Mozo‐Grau, Valladolid, España) were connected to a prosthetic abutment using torques of <10, 10, 20, 30, and 30 N and then sealed. The samples were submitted to cycles of occlusal loads and thermocycling, then one sample of each group was observed by micro TC, while the rest were mounted on devices according to the bacterial leakage model with Porphyromonas gingivalis.ResultsBacterial leakage was observed only in the <10 and 10 N torque samples, and the same groups presented poor abutment/implant adjustment as determined by micro‐CT.ConclusionThe different torques applied to the abutment‐implant system condition the bacterial leakage at the implant interface. No microleakage was observed at 20 and 30 N.
An up to 17‐year follow‐up retrospective analysis of a minimally invasive, flapless approach: 18 945 implants in 7783 patients
Authors: Jesch Philip , Jesch Wolfgang , Bruckmoser Emanuel , Krebs Mischa , Kladek Tibor , Seemann Rudolf 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigates gender, age, jaw, implant position, loading protocol (immediate vs delayed), smoking, and type of surgery (punch vs flap) as influential factors of implant survival in a large patient collective.PurposeTo evaluate the survival rates of implants in patients using a mucoperiosteal punch for flapless implantation in the majority of cases in order to evaluate its medical efficacy and safety.Materials and MethodsBetween 1994 and 2015 all patients with complete data treated at the Wienerberg Dental Clinic, Vienna, Austria, were included and statistically analyzed in Cox proportional hazard (PH) models. As patients with multiple implants were included, a clustering term was added to the Cox PH model to respect pooled failures in patients.ResultsOf the initial 24 282 ANKYLOS/Dentsply implants placed in 8137 patients a total of 7783 patients with 18 945 implants were finally included. The mean follow‐up was 2.8 ± 3.2 up to 17.9 years. Cumulative survival rates (CSRs) after 1, 3, 5, and 10 years were 98.5%, 97.7%, 96.7%, and 93.0%, respectively. Of these, 17 517 (92.5%) implants were placed minimally invasive via a flapless approach by use of the ATP‐Punch with comparable survival rates as observed for flap surgery. The Cox PH models proved smoking (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.2) and implant position as significant factors of implant survival. In the maxilla, canines and third molars were identified as low risk sites in comparison to the most frequently implanted first premolar site. In the mandible, the central incisor and second premolar were identified as high‐risk sites, the canine as low risk site in comparison to the most frequently placed first molar site.ConclusionThe analyzed data concludes the safety and medical efficacy of the ATP‐Punch. The CSRs using this flapless technique are comparable to the classic surgical flap approach.
Misconception and mismanagement of invasive species: The paradoxical case of an alien ungulate in Spain
Authors: Cassinello Jorge 
Published: February 2018

AbstractScientific evidence should dominate in any management decision dealing with alien species. It is also essential for all stakeholders to agree on the terminology used to avoid undesirable misinterpretations. A well‐known example is the use of the term “invasive,” which has two basic meanings, one as a biogeographic criterion and the other as an impact criterion. The aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) is a North African ungulate introduced in Spain, which was labeled “invasive” by Spanish authorities due to misreading of the term used by early studies. Indeed, to date, there are no conclusive empirical data showing negative effects of the aoudad on native flora and fauna. Recent studies have shown that its closest native ungulate, the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), has expanded throughout territories already occupied by the aoudad, without any apparent conflict. Aoudad diet selection studies also show them to be markedly grazers, so its role in the Mediterranean trophic network might be similar to that of extinct wild ungulates that fed in natural meadows, maintaining landscapes heterogeneous. New opportunities for its study are opening, particularly in Iberian semiarid lands. Unfortunately though, its current simplistic definition as an invasive species keeps in suspense its eventual eradication throughout the country.
The hosts and geographic range of Dothistroma needle blight in Slovakia
Authors: Jánošíková ‐ Hečková Z. , Ondrušková E. , Barta M. , Ostrovský R. , Kádasi‐Horáková M. , Pastirčáková K. , Kobza M. , Adamčíková K. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe occurrence and distribution of Dothistroma needle blight (DNB) were studied in 2014–2017 around Slovakia. A total of 84 localities, both native and planted, were investigated, and the presence of DNB was confirmed in 73 of them. In all positive locations, symptoms typical of DNB were observed and the Dothistroma species was confirmed using species‐specific primers either from fungal cultures or directly from needles. Both Dothistroma species—D. septosporum and D. pini—were identified. Both species occurred together in 29 locations, only D. septosporum in 42 and only D. pini in two locations. The host range of D. septosporum included 10 pine species and two spruce species. The host range of D. pini comprised the same number of pine hosts but only one spruce species. Five pine hosts, P. aristata, P. coulteri, P. densiflora, P. jeffreyi, P. × schwerinii, and one spruce host P. abies are new hosts species of D. pini. P. densiflora and Picea pungens have earlier been reported to be susceptible for DNB. In this study, D. septosporum was found from both tree species.
Arginine vasopressin differentially modulates GABAergic synaptic transmission onto temperature‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive neurons in the rat preoptic area
Authors: Tang Yu , Sun Yan‐Ni , Xu Run , Huang Xiao , Gu Shuang , Hong Cheng‐Cheng , Liu Mi‐Jia , Jiang Heng , Yang Yong‐Lu , Shi Jing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe preoptic area (POA) of the hypothalamus, containing temperature‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive neurons, plays a key role in specific thermoregulatory responses. Although arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been shown to induce hypothermia by increasing the firing activities of warm‐sensitive neurons and decreasing those of cold‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive neurons, the effects of AVP on POA GABAergic transmission remain unknown. Herein, inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) of temperature‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive neurons in POA slices were recorded using whole‐cell patch clamp. By monitoring changes in GABAergic transmission during AVP treatment, we showed that AVP decreased the amplitudes and frequencies of spontaneous IPSCs in mostly warm‐sensitive neurons and in some temperature‐insensitive neurons but increased these parameters in other temperature‐insensitive neurons. The IPSC amplitude was reduced for only cold‐sensitive neurons. RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses further confirmed the POA expression of V1a receptors and GABAA receptors, including the subunits α1, α2, α3, β2, β3 and γ2. The effects of AVP on IPSCs in temperature‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive neurons were dependent on G proteins and intracellular Ca2+. AVP‐mediated modulation was associated with changes in the kinetic parameters (decay time, 10–90% rise time, half‐width). Together, these results suggest that AVP, acting via V1a receptors but not V1b receptors, differentially modulates GABAergic synaptic transmission and fine‐tunes the firing activities of temperature‐sensitive and temperature‐insensitive neurons in the rat POA.
A neuroscience perspective of the gut theory of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Smith Lisa M. , Parr‐Brownlie Louise C. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractParkinson's disease is caused by complex interactions between environmental factors and a genetic predisposition. Environmental factors include exposure to pesticides and toxins, heavy metals and accumulation of iron and/or manganese in the brain. However, accumulating evidence indicates that gut–brain health and function are impaired in Parkinson's disease, often a decade before motor symptoms are diagnosed. We present the gut–brain theory of Parkinson's disease and summarise the peripheral and central nervous system pathology, gastrointestinal symptoms experienced by many Parkinson's patients, the route by which gut–brain dysfunction may occur and changes in gut microbiota that are associated with disease expression. Finally, we consider future gut‐based treatments to prevent or slow down the progression of Parkinson's disease and explore whether this knowledge may highlight biomarkers to be included in complex algorithms in the future to assess a person's risk of developing Parkinson's disease.
Density‐dependent survival varies with species life‐history strategy in a tropical forest
Authors: Zhu Y. , Queenborough S. A. , Condit R. , Hubbell S. P. , Ma K. P. , Comita L. S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSpecies coexistence in diverse communities likely results from multiple interacting factors. Mechanisms such as conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) and varying life‐history strategies related to resource partitioning are known to influence plant fitness, and thereby community composition and diversity. However, we have little understanding of how these mechanisms interact and how they vary across life stages. Here, we document the interaction between CNDD and life‐history strategy, based on growth‐mortality trade‐offs, from seedling to adult tree for 47 species in a tropical forest. Species’ life‐history strategies remained consistent across stages: fast‐growing species had higher mortality than slow‐growing species at all stages. In contrast, mean CNDD was strongest at early life stages (i.e. seedling, sapling). Fast‐growing species tended to suffer greater CNDD than slow‐growing species at several, but not all life stages. Overall, our results demonstrate that coexistence mechanisms interact across multiple life stages to shape diverse tree communities.
Elevated success of multispecies bacterial invasions impacts community composition during ecological succession
Authors: Rivett Damian W. , Jones Matt L. , Ramoneda Josep , Mombrikotb Shorok B. , Ransome Emma , Bell Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSuccessful microbial invasions are determined by a species’ ability to occupy a niche in the new habitat whilst resisting competitive exclusion by the resident community. Despite the recognised importance of biotic factors in determining the invasiveness of microbial communities, the success and impact of multiple concurrent invaders on the resident community has not been examined. Simultaneous invasions might have synergistic effects, for example if resident species need to exhibit divergent phenotypes to compete with the invasive populations. We used three phylogenetically diverse bacterial species to invade two compositionally distinct communities in a controlled, naturalised in vitro system. By initiating the invader introductions at different stages of succession, we could disentangle the relative importance of resident community structure, invader diversity and time pre‐invasion. Our results indicate that multiple invaders increase overall invasion success, but do not alter the successional trajectory of the whole community.
On combination of the equivalent material concept and J‐integral criterion for ductile failure prediction of U‐notches subjected to tension
Authors: Majidi H.R. , Golmakani M.E. , Torabi A.R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present research is to check the capability of the equivalent material concept (EMC) combined with the J‐integral failure criterion, called EMC‐J criterion, in predicting the load‐carrying capacity (LCC) of U‐notched ductile aluminium plates subjected to tension by considering the 2 moderate and large‐scale yielding regimes. For this purpose, first, a set of experimental results on LCC of 2 groups of thin U‐notched rectangular plates made of Al 7075‐T6 and Al 6061‐T6 are gathered from the recent literature. Then, because the Al 7075‐T6 and Al 6061‐T6 plates have ductile behaviour, EMC is employed to avoid performing elastic‐plastic failure analysis for LCC predictions. Up to now, different failure models in the context of the linear‐elastic notch fracture mechanics have been successfully utilized in combination with EMC for ductile failure prediction of notched members. However, this is the first time in this research that J‐integral, as a well‐known brittle failure criterion, is linked to EMC for predicting LCC of the U‐notched rectangular aluminium plates. Finally, it is shown that EMC‐J criterion can predict well the experimental results of tensile LCC.