bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quelques repères pour la description d'explications. Fonctionnements et dysfonctionnements de l'explication orale
Authors: Plane Sylvie 
Published: April 2018

-Some markers to describe the explanations ; functioning and dysfunctio-ning of oral explanation.
Sylvie PLANE, Institut National de Recherche Pédagogique.
This article of a methodological aim proposes to give some elements for the analysis of explicative speeches produced within the class framework and to draw attention to the interest which can arise from putting a pupil in the situation of an expert in charge of the realization of an explanation.
The article proposes first of all a brief reminder of some approaches of explanation which offer definitions, which can help to characterize explanation in its logical, cognitive, and communication dimensions. Then after having pointed out the constraints governing the production of explanation in class, it points out some of the possibilities offered in the matter of pedagogical and didactic organisation and also the status attributed to the «explainer» and the functions and modalities ascribed to the explanation. Thirdly and finally, it tries to confront the explanations produced by the children in the school framework, and the expianations produced by adult experts. The pupils' performances, which are presented, were gathered within the framework of two didactic programs on the role of verbalization in the construction of knowledge and for most of them corne from the domain of science and technology.
Évaluation des apprentissages oraux au cycle 1
Authors: Grandaty Michel 
Published: April 2018

Quelle est la nature des tâches qui facilitent le travail d'apprentissage des élèves, tant sur les notions disciplinaires que sur leur langage oral ? Dans le domaine plus spécifique des conduites discursives, les élèves ont-ils, en classe, le droit et le statut de récapituler, de décrire, d'expliquer, d'argumenter ? Favorise-t-on ainsi l'écoute réciproque des élèves entre eux et par voie de conséquence des coopérations sur le langage ?
Dans le cadre de la recherche INRP «L'oral pour apprendre», au cycle 1, nous avons établi, avec l'équipe de Toulouse, un classement à but de progression / évaluation. Le choix didactique central peut se définir comme «viser à établir des systèmes de co-construction des conduites discursives par les élèves dans le cadre des enseignements disciplinaires». Ce choix implique un étayage construit de la part de l'enseignant et surtout une conception précise des critères d'évaluation de ces conduites que nous développerons dans cet article.
Didactique de l'écriture, didactique du français : vers la cohérence configurationnelle
Authors: Halté Jean-François 
Published: April 2018

The didactics of writing, the didactics of French : towards the configura-tional coherence.
Jean-François Halte, CRDF/CELTED, Université de Metz.
Very rich, the didactics of writing is composite even heterogeneous. The actual didactic of writing is the point of outcome of the movement of renovation, in its didactical and pedagogical aspects. As it is, it provides at best knowledge for the use of well-trained teachers likely to «potter about » with efficiency. The pedagogy of writing, the implementations of projects and of situations of production have, it seems, more effects on the performances than the didactical knowledge strictly speaking. Multidimensional, the didactic of writing points out a field of heterogeneous preoccupations and never reaches the expected results in terms of know-how. The failure in writing (reading/writing) is always the major failure in the teaching of French. At the time when French as a subject reconfigurates (cf the recent Official Instructions for elementary school) the didactics of writing would gain to outline its knowledge and to organize them in teachable-programmable in the thread of language, text, discourse. At the same time, the didactics of writing should re-equilibrate fundamentally and take paradigmatically into account the fact that writing (literary) of fiction - determining horizons until then - can be no longer the only reference in practice of writing.
Acquisition de postures normatives en rapport avec l'orthographe : Discours et attitudes de l'enseignant dans sa classe
Authors: Sautot Jean-Pierre 
Published: April 2018

L'orthographe est une norme appréhendée de diverses manières par les enfants. Les plus compétents gèrent la norme autant que le système orthographique. Les moins compétents subissent la norme et en infèrent des explicitations pseudo rationnelles du système orthographique. Face à la variation orthographique, ces apprenants adoptent donc diverses postures normatives qui les placent dans des situations de sécurité ou d'insécurité linguistique. Le sentiment d'insécurité conduit parfois l'apprenant jusqu'à l'autocensure et/ou la dépréciation de sa propre compétence.
Faisant suite à une enquête sur la lecture de l'orthographe, menée dans le cadre d'une thèse de doctorat, l'observation de séances d'apprentissage de l'ortho¬ graphe montre que l'enseignant normalise autant l'activité proposée que l'écriture elle-même. Sur le plan didactique, ce constat ouvre la problématique de l'interférence entre normes scolaires liées au fonctionnement de la classe et normes disciplinaires, ici l'orthographe.
Cette contribution présentera brièvement la notion de postures normatives mises en évidence dans l'enquête sur la lecture de l'orthographe, et proposera une analyse de séances d'apprentissage de l'orthographe au travers du discours pédagogique du maitre en situation. Elle mettra en évidence la posture normative de l'enseignant et posera la problématique du rapport au savoir dans l'école, du rapport à l'écriture et de l'acquisition de ce rapport au travers des activités pédagogiques.
Travail et moments d'écriture des élèves : ce qui suscite les pratiques enseignantes
Authors: Perrier Didier 
Published: April 2018

Pupils' work and writing moments : what arouses the teaching practices.
Didier Perrier, Inspection de l'Éducation Nationale -Académie de Caen ; ESCOL-Université Paris VIII.
Writing practices take a particular importance for pupils for at least two reasons : on one hand, writing has a learning function in the different disciplines, and, on the other hand, the writing practices differentiate pupils, both socially and scholarly. We take interest in this research in to teachers' practices that concern writing moments of pupils.
Beyond the diversity of systems and tasks, we will examine what arouses these teaching practices. Our assumption is that they are built and organize themselves on logics, on combinatorics, on heterogeneous and complex processes of which we will try to identify the components. To achieve this, we will use teachers' interviews, observations of sessions in class, institutional or didactical documents. The research takes more particularly support on «literary » and «scientific » writings in cycle 3 of elementary school (8 to 11 years old), period of schooling when writing begins to be more widely and currently used by the pupils.
The first results issued from a partial analysis of a collection of facts lead us to identify the following components as being the principle of evocated practices :
-The connection between the teacher and the history of didactical teachings, and the didactical conceptions
-The connection between the teacher to the discipline that is taught and to the disciplinary writings.
-The appropriate personal / professional practices of writings
-The adaptation process to the pupils
-The teachers' conceptions of articulation between writing and learning.
-The experience knowledge
Apprendre à réécrire : analyse des effets d'un dispositif d'aide à la problématisation
Authors: Froger Norbert 
Published: April 2018

Learn to rewrite : analysing the effects of a system to help solving problems.
Norbert Froger, Inspection de l'éducation nationale -Académie de Caen.
The writing of an adventure story seems difficult on entering secondary school : the character is very little characterized and the story sketchy (M.E.N., 2001) This observation questions the didactics of narration. If the character is an object to produce (Tauveron 1995) and the description an essential element of the story (Reuter 2000), one must nevertheless work on the plot that organizes the narrative form (Adam 1996). How can one articulate these different components to help the pupil to write and rewrite ? The didactical processes proposed here relies on the construction of the world of fiction to think the story. It interweaves the three dimensions of the character, the plot and the world in a project organised around three units taking each one dimension as object.
The elaboration of a hypermedia gathering texts and images on the world of story constitutes help prior to writing and following a resource to rewrite. To make the procedure operational, we cross the didactical models with the three defined dimensions in order to describe the problems aroused by the story in the management of discourse and of putting it into text.
The analysis of expérimentation in cycle III (8 to 11 years old) reveals signi-ficant differences in the management of didactical objects. Three variables interact : the culture of story, the culture of didactics and the culture of the world. The qualitative analysis of a case shows that a pupil integrates some signified from the database in his description while keeping up his initial idea, operating as such a singular rewriting.
Each teacher appropriates as well the didactical processes in a singular way. The spotted variables lead to different instrumentations of the didactic tool. A reflection on the transformation of pragmatic knowledge conceived in action into declarative knowledge may help to think the didactics of writing.
Circular dichroism of chiral Majorana states
Authors: Osca Javier , Serra Llorenç 
Published: April 2018

Background: Majorana states in condensed matter devices may be of a localized nature, such as in hybrid semiconductor/superconductor nanowires, or chirally propagating along the edges such as in hybrid 2D quantum-anomalous Hall/superconductor structures.Results: We calculate the circular dichroism due to chiral Majorana states in a hybrid structure made of a quantum-anomalous Hall insulator and a superconductor. The optical absorption of chiral Majorana states is characterized by equally spaced absorption peaks of both positive and negative dichroism. In the limit of a very long structure (a 2D ribbon) peaks of a single sign are favored.Conclusion: Circular-dichroism spectroscopy of chiral Majorana states is suggested as a relevant probe for these peculiar states of topological matter.
Beacons into the Cosmic Dark Ages: Boosted Transmission of Lyα from UV Bright Galaxies at z ≳ 7
Authors: Mason Charlotte A. , Treu Tommaso , de Barros Stephane , Dijkstra Mark , Fontana Adriano , Mesinger Andrei , Pentericci Laura , Trenti Michele , Vanzella Eros 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Recent detections of Lyman alpha (Lyα) emission from z > 7.5 galaxies were somewhat unexpected given a dearth of previous non-detections in this era when the intergalactic medium (IGM) is still highly neutral. But these detections were from UV bright galaxies, which preferentially live in overdensities that reionize early, and have significantly Doppler-shifted Lyα line profiles emerging from their interstellar media (ISM), making them less affected by the global IGM state. Using a combination of reionization simulations and empirical ISM models we show, as a result of these two effects, that UV bright galaxies in overdensities have >2× higher transmission through the z ∼ 7 IGM than typical field galaxies, and that this boosted transmission is enhanced as the neutral fraction increases. The boosted transmission is not sufficient to explain the observed high Lyα fraction of M

uv
≲ −22 galaxies, suggesting that Lyα emitted by these galaxies must be stronger than expected due to enhanced production and/or selection effects. Despite the bias of UV bright galaxies to reside in overdensities we show Lyα observations of such galaxies can accurately measure the global neutral hydrogen fraction, particularly when Lyα from UV faint galaxies is extinguished, making them ideal candidates for spectroscopic follow-up into the cosmic Dark Ages.
The possible function of Flp1 in homologous recombination repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Phung Huong Thi Thu , Nguyen Hoa Luong Hieu , Nguyen Dung Hoang 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mus81 is a structure-selective endonuclease which constitutes an alternative pathway in parallel with the helicase-topoisomerase Sgs1-Top3-Rmi1 complex to resolve a number of DNA intermediates during DNA replication, repair, and homologous recombination. Previously, it was showed that the N-terminal region of Mus81 was required for its in vivo function in a redundant manner with Sgs1; mus81Δ120N
mutant that lacks the first 120 amino acid residues at the N-terminus exhibited synthetic lethality in combination with the loss of SGS1. In this study, the physiologically important role of the N-terminal region of Mus81 in processing toxic intermediates was further investigated. We examined the cellular defect of sgs1Δmus81Δ100N
cells and observed that although viable, the cells became very sensitive to DNA damaging agents. A single-copy suppressor screening to seek for a factor(s) that could rescue the drug sensitivity of sgs1Δmus81Δ100N
cells was performed and revealed that Flp1, a site-specific recombinase 1 encoded on the 2-micron plasmid was a suppressor. Moreover, Flp1 overexpression could partially suppress the drug sensitivity of mus81Δ cells at 37 °C. Our findings suggest a possible function of Flp1 in coordination with Mus81 and Sgs1 to jointly resolve the branched-DNA structures generated in cells attempting to repair DNA damages.
La Simulation Réflexive Transverse : une méthode pour ancrer l’activité humaine au cœur de la performance de l’entreprise
Authors: Motté Florence , Poret Céline 
Published: April 2018

Cet article présente la genèse et la mise en œuvre d’une méthode qui consiste à simuler l’activité de traitement d’une demande client dans le domaine de la relation de service. L’objectif de cette simulation était double : révéler une activité collective qui se déroule de façon distribuée dans le temps et dans l’espace et identifier des leviers de transformation pour faciliter et fluidifier la relation de service. Cette simulation, que nous avons nommée « Simulation Réflexive Transverse » convoque le travail par le biais des connaissances acquises sur l’activité humaine dans ses différentes dimensions au travers d’un programme de recherche technologique existant au sein de la R&D (Recherche et Développement) d’une grande entreprise. Elle permet ainsi de travailler sur la continuité, élément crucial de la qualité de service et de la satisfaction client, en ouvrant des espaces de construction de cette continuité. En favorisant le développement des individus, des collectifs et des organisations, la Simulation Réflexive Transverse contribue à la performance de l’entreprise sur le long terme.
Development of Dengue Virus Serotype–Specific NS1 Capture Assays for the Rapid and Highly Sensitive Identification of the Infecting Serotype in Human Sera
Authors: Röltgen Katharina , Rose Natalie , Ruggieri Alessia , Warryn Louisa , Scherr Nicole , Pinho-Nascimento Carlos Augusto , Tamborrini Marco , Jaenisch Thomas , Pluschke Gerd 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Dengue fever can be caused by one of four distinct dengue virus (DENV) serotypes that cocirculate in many parts of the world. Point of care serotype-specific nonstructural protein-1 (NS1) capture assays for the rapid serotyping of DENV in human sera would greatly support epidemiological surveillance and potentially also prognosis in individual patients. To ensure both serotype specificity and broad coverage of variants within serotypes, we have applied an innovative approach for the generation and selection of serotype-specific anti-NS1 mAbs. To elicit mAbs against conformational epitopes, NMRI mice were immunized with living HEK 293 transfectants expressing the native target Ags in multiple display on the cell surface. For each serotype, three different NS1 sequence variants were sequentially used for immunization of mice, hybridoma selection, and capture assay development, respectively. Selection of optimal combinations of capturing and detecting mAbs yielded highly sensitive and specific NS1 serotyping ELISAs (st-ELISAs) for the four serotypes. st-ELISA testing of 41 dengue patient sera showed a 100% concordance with the serotype determined by serotype-specific reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative PCR. The respective NS1 variants could be detected for ∼10 d after the onset of illness. Ab-dependent enhancement of DENV infections may be associated with a specific range of pre-existing anti-DENV serological Ab titers. Testing of patient sera with the developed st-ELISAs will not only be useful for epidemiological studies and surveillance, but it may also help to develop and validate assays that can distinguish protective versus enhancing Ab responses for risk assessment for the development of severe dengue disease in individual patients.
Biochemical changes in diabetic retinopathy triggered by hyperglycaemia: A review
Authors: Mathebula Solani D. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is now a global health problem which will lead to increasing incidence of macrovascular and microvascular complications that contribute to morbidity, mortality and premature deaths. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a serious complication of DM, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing causes of visual impairment and blindness in the working-age population.Aim: The aim of this paper was to introduce the multiple interconnecting biochemical pathways that have been proposed and tested as key contributors in how the diabetic eye loses vision.Method: An extensive literature search was performed using the Medline database from 1970 to present. The search subjects included diabetes and eye, diabetic retinopathy and diabetic complications in the eye. The search was limited to the literature pertaining to humans and to English language. Preference was given to recent published papers.Results: Results were limited to human participants with publications in English. References of all included papers were also scrutinized to identify additional studies. Studies were selected for inclusion in the review if they met the following criteria: subjects with diabetes, pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.Conclusion: Although the biochemical pathways involved in DR have been researched, to date the exact mechanism involved in the onset and progression of the disease is uncertain, which makes therapeutic interventions challenging. The aim of this review is to discuss the possible biochemical pathways and clinical and anatomical changes that occur during the onset and progression of DR that link hyperglycaemia with retinal tissue damage. An understanding of the biochemical and molecular changes may lead to health care practitioners advising patients with DR on events that lead to possible complications of the diseases.
Measurements of atmospheric ethene by solar absorption FTIR spectrometry
Authors: Toon Geoffrey C. , Blavier Jean-Francois L. , Sung Keeyoon 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric ethene (C2H4; ethylene) amounts have been retrieved
from high-resolution solar absorption spectra measured by the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory (JPL) MkIV interferometer. Data recorded from 1985 to 2016 from a
dozen ground-based sites have been analyzed, mostly between 30 and
67∘ N. At clean-air sites such as Alaska, Sweden, New Mexico, or the
mountains of California, the ethene columns were always less than
1 × 1015 molec cm−2 and therefore undetectable. In urban
sites such as JPL, California, ethene was measurable with column amounts of
20 × 1015 molec cm−2 observed in the 1990s. Despite the
increasing population and traffic in southern California, a factor 3 decrease
in ethene column density is observed over JPL over the past 25 years,
accompanied by a decrease in CO. This is likely due to southern California's
increasingly stringent vehicle exhaust regulations and tighter enforcement
over this period.
Insights into the diurnal cycle of global Earth outgoing radiation using a numerical weather prediction model
Authors: Gristey Jake J. , Chiu J. Christine , Gurney Robert J. , Morcrette Cyril J. , Hill Peter G. , Russell Jacqueline E. , Brindley Helen E. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. A globally complete, high temporal resolution and multiple-variable
approach is employed to analyse the diurnal cycle of Earth's
outgoing energy flows. This is made possible via the use of Met
Office model output for September 2010 that is assessed alongside
regional satellite observations throughout. Principal component
analysis applied to the long-wave component of modelled outgoing
radiation reveals dominant diurnal patterns related to land surface
heating and convective cloud development, respectively explaining
68.5 and 16.0 % of the variance at the global scale. The total
variance explained by these first two patterns is markedly less than
previous regional estimates from observations, and this analysis
suggests that around half of the difference relates to the lack of
global coverage in the observations. The first pattern is strongly
and simultaneously coupled to the land surface temperature diurnal
variations. The second pattern is strongly coupled to the cloud
water content and height diurnal variations, but lags the cloud
variations by several hours. We suggest that the mechanism
controlling the delay is a moistening of the upper troposphere due
to the evaporation of anvil cloud. The short-wave component of
modelled outgoing radiation, analysed in terms of albedo, exhibits
a very dominant pattern explaining 88.4 % of the variance that
is related to the angle of incoming solar radiation, and a second
pattern explaining 6.7 % of the variance that is related to
compensating effects from convective cloud development and marine
stratocumulus cloud dissipation. Similar patterns are found in
regional satellite observations, but with slightly different timings
due to known model biases. The first pattern is controlled by
changes in surface and cloud albedo, and Rayleigh and aerosol
scattering. The second pattern is strongly coupled to the diurnal
variations in both cloud water content and height in convective
regions but only cloud water content in marine stratocumulus
regions, with substantially shorter lag times compared with the
long-wave counterpart. This indicates that the short-wave radiation
response to diurnal cloud development and dissipation is more rapid,
which is found to be robust in the regional satellite
observations. These global, diurnal radiation patterns and their
coupling with other geophysical variables demonstrate the process-level understanding that can be gained using this approach and
highlight a need for global, diurnal observing systems for Earth
outgoing radiation in the future.