bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbolic labelling in 5-month-old human infants
Authors: Kabdebon Claire , Dehaene-Lambertz Ghislaine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHumans naturally entertain complex representations of the world based on various symbolic systems, from natural language to mathematical or musical notation. Above and beyond mere perceptual representations, the adult human mind can recode sensory inputs into abstract symbolic representations that can be internally manipulated and projected back onto the external world. However, the ontogeny of this striking ability remains controversial: Are children progressively acquiring symbolic representations through language acquisition, or are mental representations symbolic from the very beginning, language learning consisting in mapping mental symbols onto public symbols? Using high-density electroencephalography, we show here that preverbal infants can form mental representations that feature symbolic attributes. In three experiments, a total of 150 five month-olds were exposed to triplet words characterized by their abstract syllabic structure (AAB/ABA/ABB) consistently followed by an arbitrary label. Subsequently, incongruent structure-label pairings evoked a late violation-of-expectations signal, whereas congruent pairings induced an early priming effect. Importantly, the late surprise response was recorded for incongruent pairs even when the pairing order was reversed at test (i.e. labels preceding structure). Our results indicate that first, far beyond habituation/dishabituation, preverbal infants are able to recode sensory inputs, into abstract mental representations to which arbitrary labels can be flexibly assigned. Second, we demonstrate that, beyond conditioned associations, this mapping is instantly bidirectional. These findings buttress the hypothesis of symbolic representations in preverbal infants, which may serve as a foundation for our distinctively human learning abilities.Significance StatementSymbolic systems provide a powerful tool for efficiently re-describing the world into operable mental variables that, in turn, become objects of cognitive manipulation. However, is this ability tied to mastering language? Using an associative learning task in preverbal infants, we show that 5 month-olds can re-describe percepts into abstract mental variables that can be associated with arbitrary labels, well before they produce their first words. Importantly, we show that, beyond associative learning, they readily inferred a bidirectional mapping between the re-described representations and the associated labels, a capacity that animals do not spontaneously exhibit. Human cognitive success might be rooted in such abstract recoding which is no longer sensitive to local variations, thus alleviating cognitive load, and ultimately facilitating learning.
Dioecy in plants: an evolutionary dead end? Insights from a population genomics study in the Silene genus
Authors: Muyle Aline , Martin Hélène , Zemp Niklaus , Mollion Maéva , Gallina Sophie , Tavares Raquel , Silva Alexandre , Bataillon Thomas , Widmer Alex , Glémin Sylvain , Touzet Pascal , Marais Gabriel AB 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAbout 15,000 angiosperm species (∼6%) have separate sexes, a phenomenon known as dioecy. Early work reported a lower species richness in dioecious compared to non-dioecious sister clades, which was taken to suggest that dioecy might be an evolutionary dead end. More recently, phylogenetic analyses using different methodologies have challenged this conclusion. Here, we used a population genomics approach to look for evidence of evolutionary handicaps of dioecy in the Silene genus at the molecular level. We obtained RNA-seq data of individuals from several populations in 13 closely related species with different breeding systems: seven dioecious, three hermaphroditic and three gynodioecious species. We show that dioecy is associated with increased genetic diversity and a higher selection efficacy both against deleterious and for beneficial mutations while controlling for differences in population size. We conclude that, in the Silene genus, dioecious species bear no sign of mutational burden or upcoming extinction. On the contrary, dioecious species harbor a higher potential for adaptation than their non-dioecious relatives. Our results do not support the evolutionary dead end hypothesis and re-open the question why dioecy is rare in angiosperms.Significance statementDioecy (=separate sexes) is much rarer in flowering plants compared to animals and other organisms. The “dead-end hypothesis” states that dioecious plant populations might experience evolutionary handicaps such as low seed dispersal (as only 50% of the individuals, the females, contribute), which might cause high genetic drift, low adaptation and ultimately extinction. Here we tested this hypothesis by focusing on the genus Silene and by comparing the population genetics of 13 dioecious and non-dioecious species. We found that dioecious Silene species exhibit lower genetic drift and more adaptation compared to their non-dioecious relatives. Our results thus reject the dead-end hypothesis and re-open the question of why dioecy is rare in flowering plants.
Carbohydrate activity regulation of floral quantity during the juvenile phase in black pepper (Piper nigrumL.)
Authors: Zu Chao , Yang Jianfeng , Li Zhigang , Wang Can , Yu Huan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBlack pepper plants maintain synchronous vegetative growth and flowering during their lifetimes, even in the juvenile phase. How to limit the duration of flowering, facilitate a return to vegetative development should be studied. Light intensity has been reported to affect the levels of stored carbohydrates in some horticultural trees. However, it is unclear whether increased flowering intensity in adaptable light intensity is due to the regulation of carbohydrates in black pepper. Here, we report the characterization of carbohydrates and enzyme turnover in major source leaves under shading treatments during the juvenile phase of pepper. In addition to the previous finding that carbohydrate levels are correlated with flowering time, we report the novel finding that carbohydrate contents in the leaves control floral quantity. To gain insights into the underlying physiological mechanisms, we analyzed the effect of shading on sugar contents and floral transition, which revealed that shading regulated carbohydrate levels, an increase in starch accumulation improved floral quantity, and sucrose-starch ratio played a negative role in inflorescence quantity. Based on this analysis, we characterized the changes in enzyme activities in the leaves that affect carbohydrate dynamics and identified the key indicator enzymes and optimal shading intensity for the five developmental periods.HighlightWe identified the key carbohydrates, indicator enzymes and optimal shading intensity to control inflorescence quantity during the juvenile phase in black pepper for labor-saving.
Metabolic adaptations underlying genome flexibility in prokaryotes
Authors: Goyal Akshit 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEven across genomes of the same species, prokaryotes exhibit remarkable flexibility in gene content. We do not know whether this flexible or “accessory” content is mostly neutral or adaptive, largely due to the lack of explicit analyses of accessory gene function. Here, across 96 diverse prokaryotic species, I show that a considerable fraction (~40%) of accessory genomes harbours beneficial metabolic functions. These functions take two forms: (1) they significantly expand the biosynthetic potential of individual strains, and (2) they help reduce strain-specific metabolic auxotrophies via intra-species metabolic exchanges. I find that the potential of both these functions increases with increasing genome flexibility. Together, these results are consistent with a significant adaptive role for prokaryotic pangenomes.Author SummaryRecent and rapid advancements in genome sequencing technologies have revealed key insights into the world of bacteria and archaea. One puzzling aspect uncovered by these studies is the following: genomes of the same species can often look very different. Specifically, some “core” genes are maintained across all intraspecies genomes, but many “accessory” genes differ between strains. A major ongoing debate thus asks: do most of these accessory genes provide a benefit to different strains, and if so, in what form? In this study, I suggest that the answer is “yes, through metabolic interactions”. I show that many accessory genes provide significant metabolic advantages to different strains in different conditions. I achieve this by explicitly conducting a large-scale systematic analysis of 1,339 genomes across 96 diverse species of bacteria and archaea. A surprising prediction of this study that in many ecological niches, co-occurring strains of the same species may help each other survive by exchanging metabolites exclusively produced by these different accessory genes. More pronounced gene differences lead to more underlying metabolic advantages.
NEMO: Cancer subtyping by integration of partial multi-omic data
Authors: Rappoport Nimrod , Shamir Ron 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMotivation:Cancer subtypes were usually defined based on molecular characterization of single omic data. Increasingly, measurements of multiple omic profiles for the same cohort are available. Defining cancer subtypes using multi-omic data may improve our understanding of cancer, and suggest more precise treatment for patients.Results:We present NEMO (NEighborhood based Multi-Omics clustering), a novel algorithm for multiomics clustering. Importantly, NEMO can be applied to partial datasets in which some patients have data for only a subset of the omics, without performing data imputation. In extensive testing on ten cancer datasets spanning 3168 patients, NEMO outperformed nine state-of-the-art multi-omics clustering algorithms on full data and on imputed partial data. On some of the partial data tests, PVC, a multiview algorithm, performed better, but it is limited to two omics and to positive partial data. Finally, we demonstrate the advantage of NEMO in detailed analysis of partial data of AML patients. NEMO is fast and much simpler than existing multi-omics clustering algorithms, and avoids iterative optimization.Availability:Code for NEMO and for reproducing all NEMO results in this paper is in github.Contact:rshamir@tau.ac.ilSupplementary information:Supplementary data are available online.
Linkage analysis and haplotype phasing in experimental autopolyploid populations with high ploidy level using hidden Markov models
Authors: Mollinari Marcelo , Garcia Antonio Augusto Franco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractModern SNP genotyping technologies allow to measure the relative abundance of different alleles for a given locus and consequently to estimate their allele dosage, opening a new road for genetic studies in autopolyploids. Despite advances in genetic linkage analysis in autotetraploids, there is a lack of statistical models to perform linkage analysis in organisms with higher ploidy levels. In this paper, we present a statistical method to estimate recombination fractions and infer linkage phases in full-sib populations of autopolyploid species with even ploidy levels in a sequence of SNP markers using hidden Markov models. Our method uses efficient two-point procedures to reduce the search space for the best linkage phase configuration and reestimate the final parameters using the maximum-likelihood of the Markov chain. To evaluate the method, and demonstrate its properties, we rely on simulations of autotetraploid, autohexaploid and autooctaploid populations and on a real tetraploid potato data set. The results demonstrate the reliability of our approach, including situations with complex linkage phase scenarios in hexaploid and octaploid populations.Author summaryIn this paper, we present a complete multilocus solution based on hidden Markov models to estimate recombination fractions and infer the linkage phase configuration in full-sib mapping populations with even ploidy levels under random chromosome segregation. We also present an efficient pairwise loci analysis to be used in cases were the multilocus analysis becomes compute-intensive.
The sensation of groove is affected by the interaction of rhythmic and harmonic complexity
Authors: Matthews Tomas E. , Witek Maria A. G. , Heggli Ole A. , Penhune Virginia B. , Vuust Peter 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGroove is defined as the pleasurable desire to move to music. Research has shown that rhythmic complexity modulates the sensation of groove but how other musical features, such as harmony, influence groove is less clear. To address this, we asked people with a range of musical experience to rate stimuli that varied in both rhythmic and harmonic complexity. Rhythm showed an inverted U-shaped relationship with ratings of pleasure and wanting to move, whereas medium and low complexity chords were rated similarly. Pleasure mediated the effect of harmony on wanting to move and high complexity chords attenuated the effect of rhythm. While rhythmic complexity is the primary driver, harmony both modulates the effect of rhythm and makes a unique contribution via its effect on pleasure. These results may be accounted for by predictive processes based on rhythmic and harmonic expectancies that are known to contribute to musical pleasure or reward.
Effect of intracerebroventricular epinephrine microinjection on blood pressure and urinary sodium handling in gestational protein-restricted rat adult male offspring
Authors: Cardoso Bárbara Vaccari , Custódio Augusto Henrique , Boer Patrícia Aline , Rocha Gontijo José Antonio 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn this study, we hypothesized that blunting of the natriuresis response to intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) microinjected adrenergic agonists are involved in the development of hypertension in maternal low-protein (LP) intake offspring.Methods.Stainless steel cannula was stereotaxically implanted into the right lateral ventricle, by use of techniques reported elsewhere and after that, was evaluated the effect of i.c.v. injection of adrenergic agonists, at increasing concentrations, and of α1 and α2-adrenoceptor antagonists on blood pressure and urinary sodium handling in LP offspring relative to age-matched, normal (NP) protein intake group.ResultsWe confirmed that epinephrine (Epi) microinjected into the lateral ventricle (LV) of conscious NP rats leads to enhanced natriuresis followed by a reduction in arterial pressure. This response was associated with increased proximal and post-proximal sodium excretion accompanied by an unchanged glomerular filtration rate. The current study showed in both, NP and LP offspring that natriuretic effect of Epi injection into the LV was abolished by prior local microinjection of an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist (prazosin). Conversely, LV α2-adrenoceptor antagonist (yohimbine) administration potentiated the action of epinephrine. The LV yohimbine pretreatment normalized urinary sodium excretion and reduced the blood pressure in LP compared with age-matched NP offspring.ConclusionThese are, as far as we are aware, the first results showing the role of central adrenergic receptors interaction on hypertension pathogenesis in maternal protein-restricted fetal programming offspring. The study also provides good evidence of the existence of central nervous system adrenergic mechanisms consisting of α1 and α2-adrenoceptors, which works reciprocally on the control of renal sodium excretion and blood pressure. Although the precise mechanism of the different natriuretic response of NP and LP rats is still uncertain, these results led us to speculate that inappropriate neural adrenergic pathways might have significant effects on tubule sodium transport, resulting in the inability of the kidneys to control hydrosaline balance, and, consequently, an increase in blood pressure.
Major barriers in Lean health care: an exploratory study in Uruguay
Authors: Escuder Matias , Tanco Martin , Santoro Anabella 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to outline the barriers in introducing Lean in health care and to asses which of these have a greater impact in the Uruguayan health-care sector.

Design/methodology/approach
To uncover the barriers hindering Lean health-care implementation, a literature review was undertaken. Once identified, first-hand information was obtained from managers and professionals involved in managerial activities who evaluated each of the difficulties using a Likert scale.

Findings
In total, 17 barriers to the implementation of Lean health care were identified. Survey results show that the highest scores correspond to “controllable” barriers, those which can be overcome, almost exclusively, by the organization willing to implement the program.

Practical implications
Managers need to understand and ascertain the existing barriers before implementing Lean if they want to develop strategies to mitigate them. Although the exploratory study was conducted in the Uruguayan health-care sector, it could be replicated elsewhere.

Originality/value
An exhaustive list of barriers was synthesized and was later assessed by managers in the Uruguayan context. This is an important first step that could help foresee obstacles and develop strategies prior future implementation.
Implementing air cargo halal warehouse: insight from Malaysia
Authors: Abdul Rahman Nor Aida , Mohammad Mohammad Fakhrulnizam , Abdul Rahim Suzari , Mohd Noh Hazariah 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This study aims to discuss the challenges in implementing halal warehouse in the air cargo context along with the standard handling process for the storage of halal product for import and export purposes. This is vital to ensure that halal products do not get contaminated and should comply to halal logistics standard throughout the supply chain process.

Design/methodology/approach
This exploratory study adopts single case study to better understand the definition of halal warehouse, the challenges in implementing halal warehouse and also the standard handling process for the storage at the warehouse for import and export purposes. A well-guided case study protocol is followed.

Findings
Five categories have found to be the main challenges in implementing halal warehouse. They are coded as halal product trade, halal asset and facility, halal standard of procedure, human factor and perspectives between logistics provider and halal agencies. With regard to standard handling process for import and export purposes in airgo context with compliance to Shariah at the halal warehouse, there are seven main steps involved for import and nine steps involved for export.

Research limitations/implications
As this paper is among the pioneer study that looks into halal warehouse implementation, it has some limitations. Further empirical study in a bigger context may be performed quantitatively, and multiple case study approach may also be adopted to get deeper insight in understanding halal warehouse implementation domain of study.

Practical implications
This study contributes to the understanding on the gap in the field with adhering or complying with the practice. It will provide input to the authority in understanding the current limitation and suggestion by the practicing companies.

Social implications
Halal requirement in non-Muslim countries are not very well implemented and understood, whereby the understanding of the concept of Halalal Toyyiban throughout the supply chain process is critical. The main aim of halal logistics is to avoid cross contamination between halal and non-halal product during the transport, at the storage in warehouse and also in handling. This study contributes to the understanding of halal warehouse implementation.

Originality/value
There is a critical dearth of academic study that focuses on halal logistics specifically in transport and warehouse. This empirical case study provides basic understanding of implementing halal warehouse and presents the challenges and also required guidelines in handling halal product at the warehouse for both import and export purposes.
Reweaving the rainbow: qualitative color in business education
Authors: Starr-Glass David 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This study aims to reflect on the dominance of a narrowly focused analytical approach within business schools, which provides an artificially fractured and disjointed understanding of the contextual complexities and interconnectedness that students will encounter in the future. This approach unnecessarily constrains sensemaking and inhibits creative response to future social and organizational complexity. As business schools and their graduates come under sustained scrutiny and criticism, it perhaps appropriate to reexamine and reframe their analytical bias.

Design/methodology/approach
The central direction taken in this study is that of critical reflection on the present author’s practice and experience in teaching undergraduate economics and accounting. Although the analysis may have limited generalizability, it is hoped that it may prove of interest and value to business school educators.

Findings
The preferential business school reliance on analytical perspectives suggest that they fail to appreciate the nature of business, its embeddedness in broader society and the competencies required by undergraduates and graduates. This study argues that an emphasis on holistic systems, synthetic fusion and an appreciation of complexity – rather than a reductive analytical agenda – might benefit business schools, their graduates and society at large.

Originality/value
This study provides an original, albeit personal, insight into a significant problem in business education. It offers original perspectives on the problem and presents faculty-centered suggestions on how business students might be encouraged and empowered to see quality as well as quantitative perspectives in their first-year courses.
Building a world class HR department
Authors: Ulrich Dave , Grochowski Joe 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to define and clarify the nine criteria of an effective HR department, and it illustrates how these nine criteria deliver value across four distinct stages of an HR department.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is based on over 100,000 respondents from the HR competency study along with interviews and discussions with senior HR professionals in over 100 global 500 organizations across all industry sectors.

Findings
Many HR transformation efforts exclusively focus on how to organize the HR department. This paper argues that organizing and designing the right HR department is an important part of HR transformation, but focusing only on the HR department is a narrow focus of the overall effectiveness of HR. The overall effectiveness of the HR department consists of nine criteria that deliver value across four stages.

Originality/value
This paper provides HR professionals with a simple and practical framework to audit the overall effectiveness of the HR department by clarifying the nine criteria of an effective HR department that deliver value across four stages.