bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbascum sinaiticum: A Rich Source of Antioxidant Phenylethanoid Glycosides
Authors: Gondal Humaira Yasmeen , Zamir Roshan , Nisar Muhammad , Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The genus Verbascum is well documented for its antioxidant potential but
Verbascum sinaiticum is comparatively less studied plant. The current study was carried out to
search for antioxidant nutraceuticals from this species.

Objective:
To explore the antioxidant potential of Verbascum sinaiticum and to identify its active
constituents.

Methods:
The methanolic extract of air-dried aerial part of the Verbascum sinaiticum was partitioned
with hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The water-soluble part of ethyl acetate afforded six
phenylethanoid glycosides by repeated chromatography over Sephadex LH-20, silica gel and ODS
columns. Antioxidant activity of solvent extracts and isolated constituents were evaluated by DPPH,
ABTS and FRAP assays.

Results:
Six phenylethanoid glycosides was isolated and characterized as Verbascoside, Eukovoside,
Martynoside, Jionoside D, Campneoside I and Campneoside II, from the most active fraction.

Conclusion:
Verbascum sinaiticum demonstrated prospective antioxidant activity. The watersoluble
part of EtOAc (WSEAE) was found the most active extract whereas Verbascoside was identified
as the most potent constituent. All isolated compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity
whereas their synergistic effect was found prominent in the parent fraction.
Non-Saccharomyces Commercial Starter Cultures: Scientific Trends, Recent Patents and Innovation in the Wine Sector
Authors: Roudil Ludovic , Russo Pasquale , Berbegal Carmen , Albertin Warren , Spano Giuseppe , Capozzi Vittorio 
Published: February 2019

:
For 15 years, non-Saccharomyces starter cultures represent a new interesting segment in
the dynamic field of multinationals and national companies that develop and sell microbial-based
biotechnological solutions for the wine sector. Although the diversity and the properties of non-
Saccharomyces species/strains have been recently fully reviewed, less attention has been deserved
to the commercial starter cultures in term of scientific findings, patents, and their innovative applications.

:
Considering the potential reservoir of biotechnological innovation, these issues represent an underestimated
possible driver of coordination and harmonization of research and development activities
in the field of wine microbiology. After a wide survey, we encompassed 26 different commercial
yeasts starter cultures formulated in combination with at least one non-Saccharomyces strain. The
most recent scientific advances have been explored delving into the oenological significance of
these commercial starter cultures. Finally, we propose an examination of patent literature for the
main yeasts species commercialised in non-Saccharomyces based products.

:
We highlight the presence of asymmetries among scientific findings and the number of patents
concerning non-Saccharomyces-based commercial products for oenological purposes. Further investigations
on these microbial resources might open new perspectives and stimulate attractive innovations
in the field of wine-making biotechnologies.
Análisis del índice de impacto térmico generado en un ambiente subterráneo
Authors: Castro-Duque Yesid , Delgado-Rodríguez Jesús Ramón , Cáceres-Santos Jhon Jairo 
Published: February 2019

Objetivo: En este artículo se realiza el cálculo y análisis del índice por riesgo térmico, y el concepto del Índice Sintetizado de la Temperatura (SRT), que equivale a un promedio del índice de estrés térmico (WBGT), calculado en diferentes frentes de trabajo de una mina subterránea de carbón. Métodos: Los datos de campo incluyeron medidas de variables climatológicas como la Temperatura Seca (TS) y la Humedad Relativa (HR), y el tiempo de exposición de los trabajadores a dichas condiciones; estas medidas fueron tomadas en la Mina de carbón San José. Resultados: se evidenció que aunque el promedio SRT de la mina clasifica el ambiente como cálido moderado aceptable, existen frentes donde el índice de calor que experimentan los trabajadores es alto y riesgoso. Conclusiones: Se logra concluir que la humedad relativa es la variable que más influye en el calentamiento de los ambientes subterráneos de las minas de la región; de igual forma, se concluye que no es suficiente con determinar el WBGT, sino que se hace necesario establecer la sensación térmica que padecen los trabajadores, a partir del cálculo del índice de calor.Palabras Clave: Calidad ambiental subterránea, confort, estrés térmico, sensación térmica, impacto térmico. Abstract Objective: in this article the calculation and analysis is performed, of thermal risk index and the concept of the Synthesis-Reduced Temperature (SRT), by calculating heat stress (WBGT) in the atmosphere of an underground coalmine. Methods: Field data included measures of climate variables such as Dry Temperature (DT) and the Relative Humidity (RH), and the time of exposure of workers to such conditions; these measures were taken in the Coalmine San Jose. Result: Became apparent that although the average (SRT) of the mine environment be classified as moderately warm acceptable, there fronts where the heat index experienced workers is high and risky. Conclusions: It is concluded that the relative humidity is the most influential variable in warm environments of underground mines in the region; similarly, it is concluded that it is not enough determine the WBGT, it is necessary to establish the thermal sensation experienced by workers, from the calculation of the heat index.Keywords: Environmental quality underground, comfort, thermal stress, thermal sensation, Thermal Impact.
The Presence and Effect of the Winner's Curse in the Market for Audit Services: An Experimental Market Examination
Authors: Hobson Jessen L. , Marley Robert , Mellon Mark J. , Stevens Douglas E. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
We argue that the market for audit services resembles a common value procurement auction in that there is common uncertainty regarding audit cost and auditors generate a private estimate of cost prior to quoting a price. We examine two audit markets that take this form of market institution. First, we examine a simple market setting where auditors determine only price and interact with robot clients. Next, we examine an enriched market setting that incorporates theoretically important features of the market for audit services. We find that auditors in the simple audit market learn to avoid the winner's curse with pricing experience but this learning effect is hindered in the enriched market. Auditors in the enriched market reduce audit effort when they suffer the winner's curse. Our evidence suggests that low balling can occur due to the winner's curse, and this source of low balling poses a threat to audit quality.
Real-World Costs of Continuous Insulin Pump Therapy and Multiple Daily Injections for Type 1 Diabetes: A Population-Based and Propensity-Matched Cohort From the Swedish National Diabetes Register
Authors: Toresson Grip Emilie , Svensson Ann-Marie , Miftaraj Mervete , Eliasson Björn , Franzén Stefan , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Steen Carlsson Katarina 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVETo investigate real-world costs of continuous insulin pump therapy compared with multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy for type 1 diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSIndividuals with type 1 diabetes and pump therapy in the Swedish National Diabetes Register (NDR) since 2002 were eligible. Control subjects on MDI were matched 2:1 using time-varying propensity scores. Longitudinal data on health care resource use, antidiabetes treatment, sickness absence, and early retirement were taken from national registers for 2005–2013. Mean annual costs were analyzed using univariate analysis. Regression analyses explored the role of sociodemographic factors. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed.RESULTSA total of 14,238 individuals with type 1 diabetes entered in the NDR between 2005 and 2013 (insulin pump n = 4,991, MDI n = 9,247, with switches allowed during the study) were included. Mean age at baseline was 34 years, with 21 years of diabetes duration and a mean HbA1c of 8.1% (65 mmol/mol). We had 73,920 person-years of observation with a mean follow-up of 5 years per participant. Mean annual costs were higher for pump therapy than for MDI therapy ($12,928 vs. $9,005, respectively; P &lt; 0.001; mean difference $3,923 [95% CI $3,703–$4,143]). Health care costs, including medications and disposables, accounted for 73% of the costs for pump therapy and 63% of the costs for MDI therapy. Regression analyses showed higher costs for low education, low disposable income, women, and older age.CONCLUSIONSNine years of real-world data on all measurable diabetes-related resource use show robust results for additional costs of insulin pump therapy in adults by subgroup and alternative propensity score specifications. Identification of tangible and intangible benefits of pump therapy over time remain important to support resource allocation decisions.
Impact of Age of Onset, Puberty, and Glycemic Control Followed From Diagnosis on Incidence of Retinopathy in Type 1 Diabetes: The VISS Study
Authors: Nordwall Maria , Fredriksson Mats , Ludvigsson Johnny , Arnqvist Hans J. 
Published: February 2019

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate sex, age at diabetes onset, puberty, and HbA1c, with subjects followed from diabetes diagnosis and during different time periods, as risk factors for developing diabetic simplex and proliferative retinopathy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a population-based observational study, HbA1c for 451 patients diagnosed with diabetes before 35 years of age during 1983–1987 in southeast Sweden was followed for up to 18–24 years from diagnosis. Long-term mean weighted HbA1c (wHbA1c) was calculated. Retinopathy was evaluated by fundus photography and analyzed in relation to wHbA1c levels.

RESULTS
Lower wHbA1c, diabetes onset ≤5 years of age, and diabetes onset before puberty, but not sex, were associated with longer time to appearance of simplex retinopathy. Proliferative retinopathy was associated only with wHbA1c. The time to first appearance of any retinopathy decreased with increasing wHbA1c. Lower wHbA1c after ≤5 years’ diabetes duration was associated with later onset of simplex retinopathy but not proliferative retinopathy. With time, most patients developed simplex retinopathy, except for those of the category wHbA1c ≤50 mmol/mol (6.7%), for which 20 of 36 patients were without any retinopathy at the end of the follow-up in contrast to none of 49 with wHbA1c &gt;80 mmol/mol (9.5%).

CONCLUSIONS
Onset at ≤5 years of age and lower wHbA1c the first 5 years after diagnosis are associated with longer duration before development of simplex retinopathy. There is a strong positive association between long-term mean HbA1c measured from diagnosis and up to 20 years and appearance of both simplex and proliferative retinopathy.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENGAMANAN OBJEK VITAL DI PT FREEPORT INDONESIA
Authors: Namudat Hasan , Karlina Nina , Rusli Budiman 
Published: February 2019

Dewasa ini masalah keamanan dan ketertiban semakin strategis, hal ini terlihat dari dimensi ancaman dan gangguan terhadap keamanan dan ketertiban dari waktu ke waktu kian berkembang dengan beragam risiko dan dampaknya. Menyadari dampak gangguan keamanan obyek vital nasional bersifat nasional maka pemerintah mengeluarkan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 63 Tahun 2004 yang memberi kewenangan Kepolisian Republik Indonesia untuk melaksanakan pengamanan objek vital nasional dan melakukan audit sistem pengamanan objek vital nasional secara periodik. Namun hingga saat ini penanggulangan gangguan keamanan objek vital nasional, belum dikembangkan sebuah sistem koordinasi yang mencakup peran dan tugas masing-masing stakeholders. Padahal sistem koordinasi tersebut dibutuhkan agar penanggulangan gangguan keamanan objek vital nasional dapat dilakukan secara cepat dan efektif sehingga mampu memperkecil dampak keamanan yang ditimbulkannya. Today the issue of security and order is increasingly strategic, this can be seen from the dimensions of threats and disruptions to security and order from time to time increasingly developing with a variety of risks and impacts. Recognizing the impact of national vital object security disturbances on the national nature, the government issued Presidential Decree No. 63 of 2004 which authorized the Republic of Indonesia Police to carry out safeguards on national vital objects and periodically audited the security system of national vital objects. However, until now the response to the security of national vital objects has not yet been developed, a system of coordination that includes the roles and duties of each stakeholder. Even though the coordination system is needed so that the handling of security disturbances of national vital objects can be done quickly and effectively so as to minimize the security impacts that they cause. Keywords
Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Radwan M.A. , Saad A.S.A. , Mesbah H.A. , Ibrahim H.S. , Khalil M.S. 
Published: February 2019

Summary
Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.
Measurement of health and social behaviors in schoolchildren: Randomized study comparing paper versus electronic mode
Authors: Šmigelskas Kastytis , Lukoševičiūtė Justė , Vaičiūnas Tomas , Mozūraitytė Kristina , Ivanavičiūtė Urtė , Milevičiūtė Ieva , Žemaitaitytė Monika 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Electronic survey mode has become a more common tool of research than it used to be previously. This is strongly associated with the overall digitization of modern society. However, the evidence on the possible mode effect on study results has been scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the comparability of findings on health and behaviours using a paper-versus-electronic mode of survey with randomization design among schoolchildren.

Methods
A randomized study was conducted using a mandatory questionnaire on international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Lithuania, enrolling 531 schoolchildren aged 11–15 years. The questionnaire included health and social topics about physical activity, risk behaviours, self-reported health and symptoms, life satisfaction, bullying, fighting, family and school environment, peer relationships, electronic media communication, sociodemographic indicators, etc. The schoolchildren within classes were randomly selected for electronic or paper mode.

Results
It was found that by study mode differences are inconsistent and in the majority of cases do not exceed 5%-point difference between the modes. The only significant difference was that in the paper survey the participants reported more exercise than in the electronic survey (OR=8.08, P<.001). Other trends were nonsignificant and did not show a consistent pattern – in certain behaviours the paper mode was related to healthier choices, while in others - the electronic.

Conclusions
The use of electronic questionnaires in surveys of schoolchildren may provide findings that are comparable with concurrent or previously conducted paper surveys.
Pesantren and Peace Education Development: Challenges, Strategies and Contribution to Deradicalization in Indonesia
Authors: Thoyib Muhammad 
Published: February 2019

Developing peace education in society is the ‘main gateway’ of Indonesian civilization in the future to create tolerant, moderate and inclusive human beings. This study aims to identify challenges, strategies, and contribution to developing peace education for deradicalization in Pesantren al-Bidayah Pasuruan and Pesantren Miftahul Ula, Nganjuk, East Java which are famous as ‘humanist pesantrens’ with unique diversity of religious thoughts, cultures, and beliefs around them. This research is a qualitative research using interactive analysis model that consists of data reduction, data display and data verification. The conclusions of this study are: First, the challenges of peace education development at Pesantren al-Bidayah Pasuruan and Pesantren Miftahul Ula Nganjuk encompass several forms: the ideological challenge of religious social fundamentalism, religious political cannibalism, and exclusive religious education. Second, the strategies of implementing peace education development at the two pesantrens include: learning to understand cultural diversity, learning to understand religious plurality, and learning to understand social economic-based community. Third, the contribution of peace education development at the two pesantrens includes: contribution of building non-violence culture, developing cultural appreciation of human rights, and awakening democratic values and tolerance around society.
The Embedding of Islamic Education Values in the Development of Student Characters at al-Ikhlas Islamic High School in Ujung-Bone
Authors: Siddik Hasbi 
Published: February 2019

This article starts from three main problems: embedding character values at al-Ikhlas Madrasah Aliyah of Ujung-Bone, encountering the opportunities and challenges during the process. This qualitative research is based on phenomena that occur in the field. The approaches used are pedagogical analysis, normative and juridical approach. The results explain, that the character security processes carried out by teachers are to be honest, responsible, nationalism, social care, affection, tolerance, discipline, and creative in developing their potential. They attempt to guard the educational process of cultivating character by conducting behavioral supervision of students. Embedding students’ character can motivate and tell the story of successful people. The strong desire of stakeholders to foster and advance Madrasah is in accordance with the expectations of the founders. Although, there are limited standard specifications of educational staffs, the values of Islamic education are very important in the joints of life. Therefore, Islamic education inherits human values to students, encourages students, not only to equip themselves for individual interests, but also to devote themselves to the community.
Pancasila: Local Indigenous Islamic Character Education In Indonesia
Authors: Dali Zulkarnaen 
Published: February 2019

The diversity of values in Pancasila is the basic capital for character education as the basis of the strength of the character of the Indonesian. The paper seeks to set up an Islamic character education based on the Pancasila-digging theological values of Islam with the values of local traditions, cultures and customs of the archipelago. This study is very important given the fact that so far the character, structure, and methods of character education are too oriented to the West by forgetting even ignoring the ideology and values of the Nusantara character. The approach in this study is descriptive literature review. By transmitting Pancasila’s values in family life to children, it will make the children make Pancasila’s views as a teaching doctrine, dogma or philosophy that must be practiced in the life of society. Pancasila’s revitalization and re-actualization as a philosophical and ideological foundation of the implementation of the character education system in Indonesia, including the implementation of national character education, cannot be negotiable. This is so that Pancasila can be actualized in everyday life within the family, school, community and in the life of nation and state as an educational process.
PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS. ROLE STILL TO BE DEFINED IN ELECTIVE LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY
Authors: Shaikh Shiraz 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT… Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the role of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing surgical site infections in patients underwent low risk elective laparoscopic cholecystectomytrauma of abdomen.
MATERIALS AND METHOD: All low risk patients those underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Surgical Unit – III, Liaquat University Hospital Jamshoro from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2016 were enrolled prospectively for this cross-sectional comparative study. Overall 150 cases were enrolled within the study as well as were categorized into A-Group (n=77), and B-Group (n=73). A-Group was offered prophylactic antibiotic’s single dose at induction of anesthesia, and B-Group was offered without any antibiotic. Groups were recorded for, surgery duration, gender, age and hospital stay. All subjects were followed-up for one month on weekly basis and data was recorded regarding surgical site in addition to intra-abdominal infection.
RESULTS: There was no significant difference among both groups regarding surgery duration, sex, age, and hospital stay duration. Complications in both the groups were compared. Rate of superficial infection was 6.49% (n=5) and 6.84% (n=6) respectively in group A and B. On statistical analysis these differences were not significant. Rate of deep infection and seroma formation were 0% (n=0) in both the groups.
Conclusion: It was concluded that, the application of prophylactic antibiotics does not significantly lower the rates of postoperative infective complication and is not essential among cases undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy with low risk.
La elipse americana: volver de la nada y volverse a ir a la nada
Authors: Antelo Raúl 
Published: February 2019

El pensamiento contemporáneo es una fuente fundamental de figuras desarrolladas por la tradición neobarroca (en especial, Eugeni d’Ors y sus admiradores latinoamericanos), así como la estética contemporánea es también una referencia de la Historia por venir. El poder de la ficción es el poder de conceder a la figura su misma ausencia de figurabilidad, que es el dominio de toda figura.