bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cold Case Homicides: DNA Testing of Retained Autopsy Sexual Assault Smears
Authors: Clark Michelle , Gill James , Sasinouski Kristin , McGuire Angela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractArchival medical examiner specimens may contain perpetrator DNA evidence useful in unsolved (“cold case”) homicides. The Office of the Chief Medical Examiner (OCME) histology slide archives were searched for sexual assault smears for all 376 female homicides from 1990 to 1999. Of these, the OCME had sexual assault smears on 84 of which 13 slides had sperm. Of these 13, six were still unsolved. DNA profiles were obtained on all six (5 from smears and one from swabs). Combined DNA Index System ( submission resulted in two matches (“hits”) for new suspects. In addition, three suspects were eliminated in two cases. Our review of archival sexual assault smears resulted in DNA profiles that were able to assist in the investigation of four cold case homicide investigations. It may be worthwhile for medical examiner offices to search their archival histology slides for sexual assault smears on previously unsolved cases particularly those prior to the mid‐1990s when DNA testing was less widely available.
Diagnostic value of anti‐citrullinated fibrinogen antibody in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dai Zi‐Wei , Wang Zhi‐Hui , Dong Yuan‐Yuan , Wu Yue , Wang Hai‐Li , Wang De‐Guang , Wang Bin , Ye Dong‐Qing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the overall diagnostic value of anti‐citrullinated fibrinogen (ACF) antibody in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsPublished studies were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang, China Biology Medicine (CBM) disc, and Chinese VIP databases. QUADAS‐2 tool was applied to evaluate the quality of eligible studies. Subgroup analysis and meta‐regression were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Egger's test was used to evaluate for the presence of publication bias.ResultsSeven studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, pooled positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and diagnostic odds ratio of ACF were 0.61 (95% CI: 0.57‐0.64), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.92‐0.94), 9.33 (95% CI: 5.15‐16.92), 0.39 (95% CI: 0.30‐0.53) and 24.58 (95% CI: 11.47‐52.64), respectively. The area under the curve was 0.8018. The results of subgroup analysis and meta‐regression indicated that the factors we analyzed might not be the leading causes of heterogeneity. No significant publication bias was found.ConclusionThe ACF antibody had a moderate diagnostic accuracy on RA.
Prevalence and associated factors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among systemic sclerosis patients
Authors: Sawadpanich Kookwan , Soison Pisit , Chunlertrith Kitti , Mairiang Pisaln , Sukeepaisarnjaroen Wattana , Sangchan Apichat , Suttichaimongkol Tanita , Foocharoen Chingching 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSmall intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) results in nutrient malabsorption and malnutrition, thereby increasing the morbidity and mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of SIBO in SSc patients.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted between July 2015 and January 2016 in SSc patients over 18, using the glucose H2/CH4 breath test to evaluate SIBO.ResultsEighty‐nine SSc patients (30 male and 59 female) underwent the glucose H2/CH4 breath test. The mean age was 54.4. Twelve participants were positive for the glucose H2/CH4 breath test, yielding a SIBO prevalence of 13.5% (95% CI 7.2‐22.4) among SSc patients. A multivariate analysis revealed that duration of disease >5 years was significantly associated with SIBO (adjusted odds ratio 9.38; 95% CI 1.09‐80.47).ConclusionThe prevalence of SIBO, using the glucose H2/CH4 breath test, is not common among Thai SSc patients. However, a positive result was associated with longer duration of disease.
Empirical metronidazole for patients with severe bacterial infection: A systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis
Authors: Petersen Marie Warrer , Perner Anders , Jonsson Andreas Bender , Bahador Marjan , Sjövall Fredrik , Møller Morten Hylander 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundMetronidazole is the preferred empirical anti‐anaerobic agent for patients with suspected anaerobic infection. The balance between benefits and harms of empirical metronidazole is unclear. We aimed to assess patient‐important benefits and harms of empirical metronidazole vs placebo/no treatment in adult patients with severe bacterial infection of any origin.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review with meta‐analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials assessing empirical metronidazole vs placebo/no treatment in adult hospitalized patients with severe bacterial infection. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) statement, the Cochrane Handbook and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. A protocol and statistical analysis plan was published prior to conducting the review.ResultsWe included a total of nine trials (n = 1753 patients), all of which were adjudicated as having high risk of bias. We found no difference in the primary outcome mortality within 90 days (relative risk 1.56, 95% confidence interval 0.39‐6.25). Fewer patients receiving metronidazole had secondary infections (relative risk 0.43, 95% CI: 0.27‐0.68). Trial sequential analysis indicated high risk of random errors due to lack of data, and the quality of evidence was very low for all outcomes.ConclusionsThere is low quantity and quality of evidence supporting the use of empirical metronidazole in adult patients with severe bacterial infections of any origin, and no firm evidence for benefit or harm.
Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia in Scandinavia: Secondary analysis of Anaesthesia PRactice In Children Observational Trial (APRICOT)
Authors: Hansen Tom G. , Børke Wenche Bakken , Isohanni Mika H. , Castellheim Albert ,   the APRICOT Study Group of the European Society of Anaesthesiology Clinical Trial Network
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe Anaesthesia PRactice In Children Observational Trial (APRICOT) in 261 European hospitals revealed a 5.2% incidence of severe critical events in the perioperative period and wide variability in practice.MethodsA sub‐analysis of the Scandinavian data was undertaken to investigate differences from the rest of Europe in the incidence and nature of perioperative severe critical events and to attempt to identify areas for quality improvement.FindingsIn the Scandinavian cohorts of 1520 paediatric patients out of 31 127 patients, the overall incidence of perioperative severe critical events was lower than the rest of Europe (4.4% (95% CI [3.5‐5.6]) vs 5.2% (95% CI [5.0‐5.5]); RR 0.57), albeit the incidence varied across countries. There was a lower rate of bronchospasm (0.9%), stridor (1.1%) and cardiovascular instability (0.9%) than the rest of Europe. The proportion of bronchospasm events occurring at induction was 0.13% in Scandinavian cohort which was less than the rest of Europe (1.2%). The proportion of sicker patients where less experienced teams were managing the care was notably lower in Scandinavia than in the rest of Europe (14.4% vs 20.4% of the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System Score (ASA‐PS III and 8.3% vs 12.8% of the ASA‐PS IV. Cardiovascular instability was lower in Scandinavia (0.92%) compared to Europe (1.9%). The incidence of drug errors was low in both the overall APRICOT (0.2%) and in Scandinavia (0.3%). There were no deaths.InterpretationThis sub‐analysis shows that current Scandinavia paediatric perioperative clinical practice compares favourably with the rest of Europe. The lower incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory complications could be partly attributed to more experienced dedicated paediatric anaesthesia providers managing the higher risk groups of patients in Scandinavia. Whether this cohort of anaesthetized children is truly representative of the entire Scandinavia countries is unknown. Areas for quality improvement include: standardisation of the definition of severe critical events, increased reporting, development of evidence‐based protocols for the management of severe critical events, development and rational implementation of paediatric perioperative risk assessment scores, implementation of current best practice in the provision of competent paediatric anaesthesia service in Europe, development of specific training and ensuring maintenance skills in paediatric anaesthesia. Furthermore, based on data from the original Apricot paper children under the age of 3 years and ASA‐PS III and IV patients should not be anaesthetised without direct supervision of a specialist in paediatric anaesthesia. Given the sample size of the Scandinavian cohort this conclusion cannot be investigated further.
Are Conditional Cash Transfer programs for women? Engendering the Philippine Pantawid
Authors: Mendoza Eva N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEvaluation studies reveal positive outcomes of Conditional Cash Transfer program. This program, however, warrants an analysis using the lens of gender. Based on interview data among selected Pantawid's national, regional, provincial, and municipal personnel, as well as secondary data, this article finds that the program has limited impact on gender justice for it restricts the agency of mothers as grantees. For a social development program to perform democratizing functions, it must challenge unequal, patriarchal relations.
From conference abstract to publication in the conservation science literature
Authors: Verde Arregoitia Luis D. , González‐Suárez Manuela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEvery 2 years, the conservation community comes together at The Society for Conservation Biology's International Congress for Conservation Biology (ICCB) to share new developments in conservation science and practice. Publication of findings presented at conferences in scientific journals adds to the permanent record and helps increase the potential impact of the work presented. However, quantitative research on publication rates for meetings relevant to conservation is lacking. For the 25th ICCB, (Auckland, New Zealand in 2011), we examined study publication rates and presenter demographics, recorded titles, number of authors, presenter affiliations, gender, country of the study region, publication status, and elapsed time between presentation and publication. Of the 980 contributions (782 talks and 198 posters), 587 (60%) were published as peer‐reviewed journal articles or book chapters. Mean time to publication was 13.7 months for all presentation abstracts and 21.3 months excluding abstracts with corresponding articles that were published before the meeting. The gender breakdown of presenters was almost even (53% male, 47% female), but representation of the countries where the presenting authors were based was skewed. The political units with the most contributions were by far the United States, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom. Presenters based in 16 different English‐speaking countries made up 74% of the total sample, but this did not influence the likelihood of their abstract leading to a publication. Examination of conference presenters and publication of their presentations is useful to identify biases and potential challenges that need to be addressed to make conference communications permanent and increase their reach beyond conference attendees.
Bees use anthropogenic habitats despite strong natural habitat preferences
Authors: Collado Miguel Á. , Sol Daniel , Bartomeus Ignasi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimHabitat loss and alteration are widely considered one of the main drivers of current pollinator diversity loss. Yet little is known about habitat importance and preferences for major groups of pollinators, although this information is crucial to anticipate and mitigate the current decline of their populations. We aim to rank and assess the importance of different habitats for bees, to determine the preference for and avoidance of particular habitat types by different bees and to quantify the diversity of bees within and among habitats.LocationNorth‐eastern USA.Time periodThe sampling was done over 15 years (2001–2015).Major taxa studiedApoidea.MethodsWe used an unprecedented extensive dataset of >15,000 bee specimens, comprising more than 400 species collected across north‐east USA. We extracted habitat information from the sample points and used network analyses, null models comparisons and beta‐diversity analysis to assess habitat importance, habitat preference, use and diversity.ResultsWe found that natural habitats sustain higher bee diversity and a different set of species than agricultural and urban areas. Although many bee species used human‐altered habitats, most species exhibited strong preferences for forested habitats and only a few preferred altered habitats over more natural habitats. In contrast to previous studies, landscape composition only had moderate buffer effects on diversity loss. The loss of biodiversity in human‐altered environments could have been higher but it was partially compensated by the presence of human commensals and exotic species.Main conclusionsAlthough human‐altered environments may harbour a substantial number of species, our work suggests that preserving natural areas is still essential to guarantee the conservation of bee biodiversity.
Mortality due to cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer in adults with cerebral palsy
Authors: Ryan Jennifer M , Peterson Mark D , Ryan Nicola , Smith Kimberley J , O'connell Neil E , Liverani Silvia , Anokye Nana , Victor Christina , Allen Elizabeth 
Published: February 2019

AimTo compare mortality rates for cardiovascular disease, cancer, and respiratory disease between adults with cerebral palsy (CP) and the general population.MethodA cohort study was conducted using data from adults with CP in England, identified through a primary care data set (the Clinical Practice Research Datalink), with linked data on death registrations from the Office for National Statistics. Cause of death was categorized according to International Classification of Diseases codes. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated to compare mortality rates between adults with CP and the general population, adjusted for age, sex, and calendar year.ResultsNine hundred and fifty‐eight adults with CP were identified (52.5% males, 47.5% females; median age at start of follow‐up 31y [interquartile range 22–43y]) and followed for a total of 7693 person‐years. One hundred and forty‐two patients (15%) died during follow‐up. Adults with CP had an increased risk of death due to cardiovascular disease (SMR: 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.20–4.62) and respiratory disease (SMR: 13.59, 95% CI 9.89–18.67), but not from malignant neoplasms (SMR: 1.42, 95% CI 0.83–2.45).InterpretationWe found that adults with CP in England have increased risk of death due to diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems, supporting findings from two studies that compared cause‐specific mortality rates between adults with CP in the USA and the general population. Further research is required into primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and respiratory disease in people with CP worldwide.What this paper adds

Adults with cerebral palsy (CP) in England have 14‐fold increased risk of mortality due to diseases of the respiratory system.

They have a 3‐fold increased risk of mortality due to diseases of the circulatory system.

Adults with CP had an increased risk of death due to cerebrovascular disease and ischaemic heart disease.

The elevated risk of ischaemic heart disease, however, did not reach statistical significance at the 5% per cent level.
Drought intensification alters the composition, body size, and trophic structure of invertebrate assemblages in a stream mesocosm experiment
Authors: Aspin Thomas W. H. , Hart Kris , Khamis Kieran , Milner Alexander M. , O'Callaghan Matthew J. , Trimmer Mark , Wang Zining , Williams Gavin M. D. , Woodward Guy , Ledger Mark E. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Predicted trends towards more intense droughts are of particular significance for running water ecosystems, as the loss of critical stream habitat can provoke sudden changes in biodiversity and shifts in community structure. However, analysing ecological responses to the progressive loss of stream habitat requires a continuous disturbance gradient that can only be generated through large‐scale manipulations of streamflow.

In the first experiment of its kind, we used large artificial stream channels (mesocosms) as analogues of spring‐fed headwaters and simulated a gradient of drought intensity that encompassed flowing streams, disconnected pools, and dry streambeds. We used breakpoint analysis to analyse macroinvertebrate community responses to intensifying drought, and identify the taxa and compositional metrics sensitive to small changes in drought stress.

We detected breakpoints for >60% of taxa, signalling sudden population crashes or irruptions as drought intensified. Abrupt changes were most pronounced where riffle dewatering isolated pools. In the remnant wetted habitat, we observed a shift to larger body sizes across the community, primarily driven by irruptions of predatory midge larvae and coincident population collapses among prey species (worms and smaller midges).

Our results suggest that intense predation in confined, fragmented stream habitat can lead to unexpected changes in body sizes, challenging the conventional wisdom that droughts favour the small. Pool fragmentation might thus be the most critical stage of habitat loss during future droughts, as the point at which impacted rivers and streams begin to exhibit major shifts in fundamental food web properties.
Spatial overlaps between the global protected areas network and terrestrial hotspots of evolutionary diversity
Authors: Daru Barnabas H. , le Roux Peter C. , Gopalraj Jeyanthi , Park Daniel S. , Holt Ben G. , Greve Michelle 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimA common approach for prioritizing conservation is to identify concentrations (hotspots) of biodiversity. Such hotspots have traditionally been designated on the basis of species‐level metrics (e.g., species richness, endemism and extinction vulnerability). These approaches do not consider phylogenetics explicitly, although phylogenetic relationships reflect the ecological, evolutionary and biogeographical processes by which biodiversity is generated, distributed and maintained. The aim of this study was to identify hotspots of phylogenetic diversity and compare these with hotspots based on species‐level metrics and with the existing protected areas network.LocationGlobal.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedTerrestrial vertebrates (mammals, birds and amphibians) and angiosperms.MethodsWe used comprehensive phylogenies and distribution maps of terrestrial birds, mammals, amphibians and angiosperms to identify areas with high concentrations of phylogenetic diversity, phylogenetic endemism, and evolutionary distinctiveness and global endangerment. We compared the locations of these areas with those included within the current network of protected areas and concentrations of species‐level indices: species richness, species endemism and species threat.ResultsWe found spatial incongruence among the three evolutionary diversity metrics in each taxonomic group. Spatial patterns of diversity and endemism also differed among taxonomic groups, with some differences between vertebrates and angiosperms. Complementarity analyses of phylogenetic diversity identified the minimal area that encapsulates the full branch lengths for each taxonomic group. The current network of protected areas and species‐level hotspots largely does not overlap with areas of high phylodiversity.Main conclusionOverall, < 10% of hotspot areas were designated as protected areas. Patterns of diversity, endemism and vulnerability differ among taxonomic groups.
A relationship of intradialytic blood pressure variability with vascular access outcomes in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Kim Ji Young , Seo Hye Mi , Kim Miyeon , Kim Hyunwoo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Vascular access dysfunction is a major cause of morbidity in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD). Thus, identifying risk factors for vascular access failure is important. Patients on HD are routinely exposed to high blood pressure variability (BPV) during HD. However, the impact of intradialytic BPV on vascular access outcomes is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the association of intradialytic BPV with vascular access outcomes in patients on HD.Methods: One hundred and thirty patients with ESRD who created vascular access for HD were evaluated. We examined 12 dialysis sessions per patient and recorded BP five times for each session. BPV was assessed using residual standard deviation derived from the linear regression model. The patients were divided into two groups according to a level below or above the median value of intradialytic BPV and compared. The primary outcome was primary unassisted vascular access patency.Findings: The median time to loss of primary unassisted patency was significantly longer in low intradialytic BPV group than in high intradialytic BPV group (52 months vs. 21 months, P < 0.001) during the mean follow‐up of 3.7 years. After adjustment for other variables, high intradialytic BPV was significantly associated with loss of primary unassisted vascular access patency (hazard ratio, 2.605; 95% confidence interval, 1.462–4.643; P = 0.001).Discussion: Our study revealed a significant correlation between intradialytic BPV and vascular access patency. Further studies are needed to identify methods for lowering BPV.
Developing personal sense of risk: a grounded theory in men with hypertension
Authors: Seesawang J. , Bowers B. , Sansiriphun N. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundFor older men with hypertension living in rural areas, non‐adherence to treatment is a common phenomenon. The experience on risk perception of individuals with their condition is recognized as playing a critical role in promoting treatment adherence. However, the experience on risk perception in a cohort of older men with hypertension seems unclear.AimTo develop a theory concerning risk perception experience in a cohort of older men with hypertension from a rural area of Thailand.MethodsA grounded theory approach was used. Semi‐structured, face‐to‐face interviews with 29 hypertensive older men were conducted in Thailand using purposive and theoretical sampling methods. The grounded theory analytical method that included initial and focused coding, and constant comparison was used to analyse the data.Findings‘Developing a personal sense of risk’ emerged as a core category, which incorporated the related four subprocesses: comparing healthcare provider information with stories of people with hypertension, comparing one's own situation with stories of people with hypertension, changing personal sense of risk and changing risk‐related behaviour. Older men selected to focus on one particular outcome, using the selected outcome to monitor their risk.ConclusionThis investigation provides a theory for healthcare providers to understand older men's perceptions of personal risk for complications of hypertension. A personal sense of risk influences risk‐related behaviour change.Implications for nursing and health policyThe findings can be used in assessing a personal sense of risk and promoting treatment adherence in older men with hypertension. Effective storytelling intervention, a standard tool for assessment personal sense of risk in older men with hypertension, should be developed. Hypertension care policy needs to be developed for individualized approaches.