bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Starch enzymatic hydrolysis, structural, thermal and rheological properties of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and dolichos bean (Dolichos lab‐lab) legume starches
Authors: Acevedo Belén A. , Villanueva Marina , Chaves María G. , Avanza María V. , Ronda Felicidad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCajanus Cajans and Dolichos lab‐lab legume starches from Argentine cultivars were investigated under a technological and nutritional point of view. Their physico‐chemical, structural, thermal and the rheological properties of their gels were evaluated. Rice (RS) and potato (PS) starches were included as references. In vitro digestibility from Englyst method was also evaluated. Legume starches had the highest amylose content and the most stable chemical structure. Their rapidly digestible starch and starch digestibility rate index were very low, similar to PS, and fivefold lower than RS. They had a much higher slowly digestible starch content than PS. Legume starches showed the highest gel stability versus heating and stirring and an intermedium pasting temperature between RS and PS. They formed viscoelastic gels at 6% concentration with stronger elastic‐like behaviour and higher yield stress than references. Our results indicate these legumes represent an efficient starch source to provide tailor‐made properties to food/industrial applications.
Association of bullying victimization with overweight and obesity among adolescents from 41 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Koyanagi Ai , Veronese Nicola , Vancampfort Davy , Stickley Andrew , Jackson Sarah E. , Oh Hans , Shin Jae Il , Haro Josep Maria , Stubbs Brendon , Smith Lee 
Published: August 2019

SummaryBackgroundData on the association between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization among adolescents are scarce from low‐ and middle‐income countries.ObjectivesWe assessed the associations between overweight/obesity and bullying victimization in 41 low‐ and middle‐income countries.MethodsCross‐sectional data from the Global School‐based Student Health Survey were analysed. Data on past 30‐day bullying victimization (including type) and body mass index based on measured weight and height were collected. The 2007 WHO Child Growth reference was used to define overweight and obesity. Multivariable logistic regression (multinomial and binary) and meta‐analyses based on country‐wise estimates were conducted. Data on 114 240 adolescents aged 12 to 15 years were analysed (mean age [SD], 13.8 [1.0] y; 48.8% girls).ResultsAmong girls, compared with normal weight, overweight (OR = 1.08; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.16; between‐country heterogeneity I2 = 0.0%) and obesity (OR = 1.20; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.34; I2 = 0.0%) were associated with significantly higher odds for any bullying victimization, but no significant association was observed among boys. However, overweight and obesity were both associated with significantly increased odds for bullying by being made fun of because of physical appearance among both sexes—obesity (vs normal weight): girls OR = 3.42 (95% CI, 2.49‐4.71); boys OR = 2.38 (95% CI, 1.67‐3.37).ConclusionsEffective strategies to reduce bullying of children with overweight/obesity are needed in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Labour Market Realism and the Global Compacts on Migration and Refugees
Authors: Martin Philip , Ruhs Martin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Global Compacts on Migration (GCM) and Refugees (GCR) include policy recommendations that aim to increase opportunities for legal labour migration, improve protections for migrant workers, and provide refugees with ‘complementary pathways’ to enhanced protection via labour mobility. This paper explains why there are large gaps between these policy recommendations and the labour market policies and realities in the countries that host most of the world’s migrant workers. These gaps between ideals and realities are likely to limit the effective implementation of the GCM/GCR recommendations on labour migration. More ‘labour market realism‘ is needed to incrementally but effectively improve protections for migrant workers.
Effectiveness and safety of cyclophosphamide or tacrolimus therapy for idiopathic membranous nephropathy
Authors: Zou Honghong , Jiang Fang , Xu Gaosi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundGuidelines recommend classical combined therapy of steroid and cyclophosphamide (CYC) for patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN), while it is associated with severe adverse effects.AimsWe conducted an observational and retrospective study to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of steroids plus tacrolimus (TAC) versus steroids plus CYC for IMN.MethodsA total of 203 kidney‐biopsy‐proven IMN patients was enrolled in this study. One group (n = 142) received steroid combined with intravenous CYC (750 mg/m2 body surface) and the other group (n = 61) received steroid combined with oral TAC (target blood concentration of 4–8 ng/mL). The primary outcomes were achievement of remission. The secondary end‐points included incidence of adverse events, relapse rates, 24 h urinary protein (UP), serum albumin, serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate.ResultsOver the 18‐month observation period, the study suggested that the remission rates at the first 3 months were significantly higher in TAC group than in CYC group (72.1% vs 54.9%, P < 0.05). Although the cumulative incidence of serious and non‐serious adverse events was not different significantly between the two groups, the incidence after first 3 months was lower in TAC group. Levels of 24‐h UP and serum albumin improved in the TAC group more than in the CYC group (P < 0.05) over the observed period.ConclusionsBecause of its short‐term effectiveness and long‐term safety profile, steroid plus TAC might be a better option for IMN.
Justice obtained? How disabled claimants fare at Employment Tribunals
Authors: William Laura , Pauksztat Birgit , Corby Susan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article explores disability discrimination cases at British Employment Tribunals. Analysing over 750 judgments, it examines the characteristics of claimants and the factors associated with the failure of cases: restrictive judicial decisions, complex legal tests, inequality of arms between claimant and employer and the stigma attached to claimants with mental impairments, providing some evidence for a hierarchy of impairments.
Down‐regulation of long non‐coding RNA HOTAIR inhibits invasion and migration of oesophageal cancer cells via up‐regulation of microRNA‐204
Authors: Wang Ai‐Hua , Tan Peng , Zhuang Yuan , Zhang Xiu‐Tian , Yu Zong‐Bu , Li Lu‐Ning 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOesophageal cancer is a progressive tumour with high mortality. However, therapies aimed at treating oesophageal cancer remain relatively limited. Accumulating studies have highlighted long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR), microRNA‐204 (miR‐204) and homeobox C8 (HOXC8) in the progression of oesophageal cancer. Herein, we tried to demonstrate the function of HOTAIR, miR‐204 and HOXC8 in oesophageal cancer and their relationship. Differentially expressed genes involved in oesophageal cancer were identified. The endogenous expression of HOTAIR and miR‐204 in oesophageal cancer cell lines was altered to elucidate their effects and to identify the interaction among HOTAIR, miR‐204 and HOXC8. We also explored the underlying regulatory mechanisms of HOTAIR and miR‐204 with siRNA against HOTAIR, miR‐204 mimic or miR‐204 inhibitor. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were subsequently detected. Xenograft in nude mice was induced to evaluate tumourigenicity. miR‐204 was down‐regulated, while HOTAIR and HOXC8 were up‐regulated in the oesophageal cancer tissues. HOTAIR could competitively bind to miR‐204 and miR‐204 could further target HOXC8. The oesophageal cancer cells treated with si‐HOTAIR or miR‐204 mimic exhibited decreased expression levels of HOXC8, Vimentin and MMP‐9, but increased E‐cadherin level. Silenced HOTAIR or elevated miR‐204 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion, along with stimulated apoptosis of oesophageal cancer cells. In summary, our results show that lncRNA HOTAIR could specifically bind to miR‐204 as a competing endogenous RNA and regulate miR‐204 and HOXC8. Hence, down‐regulation of HOTAIR could inhibit progression of oesophageal cancer, indicating a novel target for oesophageal cancer treatment.
Safety and effectiveness of tofogliflozin in elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A subanalysis of a post‐marketing study (J‐STEP/EL Study)
Authors: Kaku Kohei , Naito Yusuke , Senda Masayuki , Kurihara Yuji , Gunji Ryoji , Kakiuchi Seigo , Utsunomiya Kazunori 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionThis subanalysis aimed to assess the safety and effectiveness of tofogliflozin by using data from the Japanese Study of Tofogliflozin with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in an Observational Study of the Elderly to categorize elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by the number of concomitant oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) and insulin use at baseline.Materials and MethodsJapanese Study of Tofogliflozin with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in an Observational Study of the Elderly is a 1‐year prospective, observational and multicenter post‐marketing study that enrolled all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged ≥65 years who started tofogliflozin during the first 3 months after its launch in May 2014 in Japan.ResultsThe safety and effectiveness analysis sets included 1,497 and 1,422 patients, respectively. Overall, 18.10 and 2.20% of the patients experienced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and serious ADRs, respectively. ADRs of special interest in the total, 0 OAD, one OAD, two OADs, three or more OADs and insulin groups occurred in 12.22, 10.04, 12.35, 13.32, 11.27 and 14.91% of patients, respectively. Volume depletion‐related events were the most frequently observed ADRs of special interest. Hypoglycemia occurred in 1.07% of patients. Overall, glycated hemoglobin and bodyweight were significantly decreased, but the estimated glomerular filtration rate was not significantly changed.ConclusionsOur finding suggests that tofogliflozin could be safely and effectively used in elderly Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, irrespective of the number of OADs and the use of insulin.
Long‐term outcome of islet transplantation on insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus: An observational cohort study
Authors: Nakamura Toshihiro , Fujikura Junji , Anazawa Takayuki , Ito Ryo , Ogura Masahito , Okajima Hideaki , Uemoto Shinji , Inagaki Nobuya 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the long‐term efficacy and safety of islet transplantation (ITx) compared with multiple daily injections (MDI) or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII).Materials and MethodsAmong 619 patients diagnosed as insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus or type 1 diabetes at Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, seven patients were selected as the ITx group and 26 age‐matched patients with no endogenous insulin secretion were selected as the MDI/CSII group. Hemoglobin A1c, aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) and creatinine were assessed retrospectively at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years for both groups; serum C‐peptide immunoreactivity was assessed for the ITx group. Major clinical events were also assessed.ResultsHemoglobin A1c improvement in ITx was significant at 1 year (8.4% [7.8–9.9%] at baseline to 7.1% [6.3–7.4%] in ITx vs 8.2% [7.4–9.8%] at baseline to 8.1% [7.3–9.5%] in MDI/CSII, P < 0.01 between groups), and was maintained at 2 years (7.4% [6.3–8.2%] vs 8.4% [7.4–9.6%], P = 0.11). The increase of stimulated C‐peptide immunoreactivity was significant at 1 year (0.57 ng/mL [0.26–0.99 ng/mL], P < 0.05 from baseline) and 2 years (0.43 ng/mL [0.19–0.67 ng/mL], P < 0.05), although it became insignificant thereafter. There was no significant difference in AST/ALT or creatinine at 10 years, although a transient AST/ALT elevation was observed in ITx. In regard to clinical events, the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia was 14% vs 31% (relative risk 0.46, P = 0.64), that of infectious disease was 43% vs 12% (relative risk 3.71, P = 0.09) and digestive symptoms was 43% vs 7.7% (relative risk 5.57, P = 0.05) in ITx vs MDI/CSII, respectively. No patient died in either group.ConclusionsThe present findings showed that ITx was considered to contribute to the reduction of hypoglycemia and better glycemic control with tolerable, but attention‐requiring, risks over a period of 10 years compared with MDI/CSII.
Does cold snare polypectomy completely resect the mucosal layer? A prospective single‐center observational trial
Authors: Shichijo Satoki , Takeuchi Yoji , Kitamura Masanori , Kono Mitsuhiro , Shimamoto Yusaku , Fukuda Hiromu , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ohmori Masayasu , Arao Masamichi , Iwatsubo Taro , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Matsuno Kenshi , Inoue Shuntaro , Matsuura Noriko , Nakahira Hiroko , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Higashino Koji , Uedo Noriya , Fukui Keisuke , Ito Yuri , Nakatsuka Shin‐ichi , Ishihara Ryu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe true incidence of incomplete muscularis mucosa resection with cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is unknown. We examined the incidence of incomplete muscularis mucosa resection both with and without cold snare defect protrusion (CSDP).MethodsWe prospectively enrolled patients undergoing polypectomy for 4 to 9mm nonpedunculated polyps. We evaluated the presence of CSDP immediately following CSP and biopsied the CSDP or the center of the mucosal defect without CSDP. The presence of the muscularis mucosa and any residual polyp in the biopsies was evaluated histologically. The primary outcome was the incidence of incomplete mucosal layer resection defined as the presence of muscularis mucosa or residual polyp in the biopsies.ResultsFrom August 2017 to October 2018, 188 patients were screened, and 357 polyps were included. CSDP was detected in 122/355 (34%) evaluated mucosal defects. Excluding five lesions requiring hemostasis immediately following CSP, 352 mucosal defects were biopsied. After excluding 102 biopsies containing normal mucosa, we evaluated 250 biopsies. The overall incidence of incomplete mucosal layer resection was 63% (159/250), 76% (68/90) with CSDP and 57% (91/159) without CSDP (P < 0.01). Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that size (≥ 6 mm), resection time (≥ 5 s), and serrated lesions were risk factors for CSDP.ConclusionsCold snare defect protrusion (CSDP), which was present with 36%, was a good indicator for incomplete mucosal layer resection. Even in nonCSDP polypectomies, 57% of the mucosal layer was not removed completely. Thus, CSP should be used for intra‐epithelial lesions only, and careful pretreatment evaluation is recommended.
Depressive Symptoms and All‐Cause Mortality in Older American Indians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Goins R. Turner , Noonan Carolyn , Winchester Blythe , Brock David 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVESAmerican Indians experience disproportionately high rates of poor mental health and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We examined the association between depressive symptoms and all‐cause mortality in older American Indians with T2DM.DESIGNWe used the Native Elder Care Study survey data from community‐dwelling American Indians aged 55 years or older, linked to data extracted from participants' electronic health records. We focused on those who had an International Classification of Diseases‐Ninth Revision diagnosis of T2DM in their electronic health records.SETTINGThe study was conducted with a federally‐recognized tribe with approximately 16,000 enrolled members, most of whom reside on or near tribally‐owned lands that span several rural counties.PARTICIPANTSParticipants were among the Native Elder Care Study participants with a final analytic sample of 222.MEASUREMENTSWe measured depressive symptoms with the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) scale. We used Cox proportional hazard models to examine the association between depressive symptoms and all‐cause mortality in the final analytic sample of 222 subjects.RESULTSSurvival curves revealed that individuals in the third and fourth CES‐D scale categories had higher mortality than those in the first and second categories. Mortality risk was significantly higher for participants with CES‐D scale scores in the third highest compared with the lowest category (hazard ratio = 2.07; 95% confidence interval = 1.07‐4.04), after adjustment for demographic characteristics, health behaviors, obesity, and prevalent T2DM complications. Analyses with the CES‐D scale as a continuous variable also showed a positive association with mortality.CONCLUSIONThe impact of mental health on older American Indians with T2DM is often overlooked, yet it is vital to clinical and public health practice. Our findings underscore the importance of addressing the mental health needs of this population, particularly because depression in older patients is often undetected or inadequately treated. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:1940–1945, 2019
The Political Afterlives of Mexico's Disappeared
Authors: Ohlson Olof 
Published: August 2019

ResumenEste artículo analiza un sitio conmemorativo en la Ciudad de México en donde las familias de personas desaparecidas vienen a realizar ceremonias conmemorativas. Han grabado epitafios políticos en el sitio con biografías de sus desaparecidos, lo que llamo “necrografías,” que hablan en primera persona como si los que hablaran estuvieran vivos. Sostengo que estos objetos dan vidas póstumas a los desaparecidos en una manera obviamente politica, para hacerlos objetos de un actvismo y un dolor colectivo. Los ritos en este sitio conmemorativo guardan los desaparecidos como personas distintas de aquellos que son muertos, y así los hacen permanecer en un estado de liminalidad eterno.
Mathematical modeling reveals how the density of initial tumor and its distance to parent vessels alter the growth trend of vascular tumors
Authors: Akbarpour Ghazani Mehran , Nouri Zahra , Saghafian Mohsen , Soltani Madjid 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the response of a tumor and parent vessels to stimulating factors in the tumor microenvironment in different configurations. How a tumor grows and induces angiogenesis in different distances of a parent vessel is investigated. Moreover, interstitial fluid pressure and its effects on tumor cell phenotype are considered in the model.MethodsA multiscale continuum‐discrete model of a vascular tumor is utilized to simulate the growth of a cluster of tumor cells positioned in different distances of parent vessels. An agent‐based probabilistic angiogenesis model is coupled to a discrete tumor model to simulate branching, anastomosis, blood flow, wall shear stress, and interstitial tumor pressure in which tumor cells are divided to necrotic, hypoxic, and proliferative.ResultsStarting the simulations from 9 initial tumor cells, the model proved that tumors grow to a certain size and also reach to a certain distance before being able to induce sprouting. For tumors placed 2 and 2.5 mm away from a parent vessel, initiation of angiogenesis is delayed significantly in comparison with closer distances. For the initial cluster positioned in a distance of 2.5 mm away, first sprout is seen after 47 days. Moreover, dendritic shape of the tumor is seen prior to angiogenesis which is a sign of cells being starved and wandered in the domain to reach the oxygen source. The trend of tumor growth obeys power law function which aligns with the experimental results.DiscussionThe mathematical model revealed the importance of geometry and position of an initial tumor cluster in determining the behavior and final architecture of a vascular tumor. As a tumor cell appears in farther distances from a parent vessel, duration of its growth and inducing angiogenesis becomes longer and the chance of suppressing the tumor in the initial days of growth is higher. Also, the importance of angiogenesis in making tumors devastating is again corroborated by mathematical models.
Perfecting Practice
Authors: LIGHTBOWN PATSY MARTIN 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis special issue contains reports of research on a variety of variables that are hypothesized to have an impact on how practice affects language learning. This includes spacing of practice opportunities, the provision of feedback, training working memory, and oral versus written input. Each study is complex and clearly contextualized within the research on the multiple roles of practice for second language learning. Teachers (especially those who teach younger learners) would not find it easy to access these articles because of their complexity and sophistication. However, it is important for researchers and teacher educators to find ways to share the findings of such studies and the ideas behind them so that teachers can assess their relevance for their own instruction.
Contrast function estimation for the drift parameter of ergodic jump diffusion process
Authors: Amorino Chiara , Gloter Arnaud 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider an ergodic diffusion process with jumps whose drift coefficient depends on an unknown parameter. We suppose that the process is discretely observed. We introduce an estimator based on a contrast function, which is efficient without requiring any conditions on the rate at which the step discretization goes to zero, and where we allow the observed process to have nonsummable jumps. This extends earlier results where the condition on the step discretization was needed and where the process was supposed to have summable jumps. In general situations, our contrast function is not explicit and one has to resort to some approximation. In the case of a finite jump activity, we propose explicit approximations of the contrast function such that the efficient estimation of the drift parameter is feasible. This extends the results obtained by Kessler in the case of continuous processes.
Maternal narration about parenting pride and regret is related to youth emotion regulation
Authors: Pasupathi Monisha , Oldroyd Kristina , Wainryb Cecilia , Mansfield Cade M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAs they respond to children's emotions, mothers socialize children's emerging emotion regulation. Mothers' own autobiographical narratives likely reflect in part habitual ways of expressing and managing emotions—ways that may in turn influence the way mothers respond to their children's emotions. We examined features of mothers' narratives about parental pride and regret experiences, and assessed whether these were associated with parental socialization of emotion and the emotion regulation repertoire of their children. Two hundred thirty‐seven mothers with children ranging from 8 to 17 years of age provided two narratives about parental pride and parental regret experiences. Parental emotion socialization and children's emotion regulation were assessed via self‐ and informant‐report using a multi‐measure, multi‐observer approach. We found that features of the way mothers narrated their experiences with a particular child related to their parenting of that child, and that child's emotion regulation. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for emotion‐related parenting, and the potential importance of parent narratives.