bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on patulin produced by Penicillum expansum and involved mechanism
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Fu Maorun , Chen Qingmin 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDPatulin, produced by Penicillium expansum in apple fruit, has side effects affecting human and animal health. The effect of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) on patulin production, and the mechanisms involved in this, were investigated.RESULTSPatulin production by P. expansum was reduced by ClO2 treatment, both in apples and in a potato dextrose broth (PDB) medium, which was attributed to the antifungal effect of ClO2, but not the direct reaction between ClO2 and patulin. Fumigation with ClO2 also significantly reduced disease development in apples infected with P. expansum, and inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination. After ClO2 treatment, P. expansum mycelial morphology was strongly affected, leading to the loss of plasma membrane integrity and causing cellular leakage.CONCLUSIONThese data provide useful information that enables the inhibitory mechanism of ClO2 on patulin production by P. expansum to be better understood. It can also assist the development of effective methods to control patulin production in apples and other postharvest fruits. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Anti‐hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties of wheat bran with different particle sizes
Authors: Junejo Shahid A , Zhang Liang , Yang Liping , Wang Naifu , Zhou Yibin , Xia Yuesheng , Wang Haisong 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWheat bran has been shown to have health‐promoting benefits in relation to diabetes, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease, constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticulitis, and gastrointestinal disease. However, its effects on obesity, hyperglycemia, hepatotoxicity, and hyperlipidemia are not yet clear. The effects of the consumption of wheat bran of different particle sizes (coarse, 427.55 µm versus ultra‐fine, 11.63 µm) on body weight, serum glucose, liver, and blood lipid metabolism levels in high‐fat‐diet induced rats fed for 5 weeks were investigated.RESULTSThe high‐fat diet significantly increased body weight, serum glucose, serum and liver lipids, and malondialdehyde levels. However, addition of coarse and ultra‐fine wheat bran to a high‐fat diet decreased weight gain, reduced the levels of serum and liver total cholesterol, triglycerides, malondialdehyde, serum low‐density lipoprotein, and serum glucose, and improved serum high‐density lipoprotein. Moreover, when two particle sizes were compared, the highest impact was exhibited by the wheat bran containing the larger particle size.CONCLUSIONSThe results suggest that micronized wheat bran significantly improves anti‐hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective properties that might provide a safeguard to protect humans against metabolic syndrome abnormalities and other acute, recurrent, or chronic diseases. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Scaling the Graft Length and Graft Density of Irradiation‐Grafted Copolymers
Authors: Nagy Gergely , Sproll Véronique , Gasser Urs , Schmidt Thomas J. , Gubler Lorenz , Balog Sandor 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIrradiation‐induced graft copolymerization is often the easiest route to combine the functionality of two polymers and, furthermore, the average composition of the copolymer is straightforward to control. However, control of the graft length and the graft density is more difficult and has been considered to be infeasible. To test the hypothesis that the graft density and graft length may be increased or decreased via increasing or decreasing the dose of irradiation and graft level, polymer electrolytes are characterized in terms of water sorption, proton conductivity, and nanostructure. Based on the premise that graft density and graft length define ion transport and phase segregation, impedance spectroscopy and small‐angle scattering support the hypothesis. The method therefore represents a novel degree of freedom in the design and synthesis of radiation grafted copolymers.
Salt‐dependent regulation of archaellins in Haloarcula marismortui
Authors: Syutkin Alexey S. , van Wolferen Marleen , Surin Alexey K. , Albers Sonja‐Verena , Pyatibratov Mikhail G. , Fedorov Oleg V. , Quax Tessa E. F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroorganisms require a motility structure to move towards optimal growth conditions. The motility structure from archaea, the archaellum, is fundamentally different from its bacterial counterpart, the flagellum, and is assembled in a similar fashion as type IV pili. The archaellum filament consists of thousands of copies of N‐terminally processed archaellin proteins. Several archaea, such as the euryarchaeon Haloarcula marismortui, encode multiple archaellins. Two archaellins of H. marismortui display differential stability under various ionic strengths. This suggests that these proteins behave as ecoparalogs and perform the same function under different environmental conditions. Here, we explored this intriguing system to study the differential regulation of these ecoparalogous archaellins by monitoring their transcription, translation, and assembly into filaments. The salt concentration of the growth medium induced differential expression of the two archaellins. In addition, this analysis indicated that archaellation in H. marismortui is majorly regulated on the level of secretion, by a still unknown mechanism. These findings indicate that in archaea, multiple encoded archaellins are not completely redundant, but in fact can display subtle functional differences, which enable cells to cope with varying environmental conditions.
Myo‐inositol‐1‐phosphate synthase (Ino‐1) functions as a protection mechanism in Corynebacterium glutamicum under oxidative stress
Authors: Chen Can , Chen Keqi , Su Tao , Zhang Bing , Li Guizhi , Pan Junfeng , Si Meiru 
Published: October 2018

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in aerobic metabolism and oxidative stress lead to macromolecules damage, such as to proteins, lipids, and DNA, which can be eliminated by the redox buffer mycothiol (AcCys‐GlcN‐Ins, MSH). Myo‐inositol‐phosphate synthase (Ino‐1) catalyzes the first committed step in the synthesis of MSH, thus playing a critical role in the growth of the organism. Although Ino‐1s have been systematically studied in eukaryotes, their physiological and biochemical functions remain largely unknown in bacteria. In this study, we report that Ino‐1 plays an important role in oxidative stress resistance in the gram‐positive Actinobacteria Corynebacterium glutamicum. Deletion of the ino‐1 gene resulted in a decrease in cell viability, an increase in ROS production, and the aggravation of protein carbonylation levels under various stress conditions. The physiological roles of Ino‐1 in the resistance to oxidative stresses were corroborated by the absence of MSH in the Δino‐1 mutant. In addition, we found that the homologous expression of Ino‐1 in C. glutamicum yielded a functionally active protein, while when expressed in Escherichia coliBL21(DE3), it lacked measurable activity. An examination of the molecular mass (Mr) suggested that Ino‐1 expressed in E. coliBL21(DE3) was not folded in a catalytically competent conformation. Together, the results unequivocally showed that Ino‐1 was important for the mediation of oxidative resistance by C. glutamicum.
Culturing marine bacteria from the genus Pseudoalteromonas on a cotton scaffold alters secondary metabolite production
Authors: Timmermans Marshall L. , Picott Katherine J. , Ucciferri Lorena , Ross Avena C. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe discovery of secondary metabolites from marine microorganisms is beset by numerous challenges including difficulties cultivating and subsequently eliciting expression of biosynthetic genes from marine microbes in the laboratory. In this paper, we describe a method of culturing three species from the marine bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas using cotton scaffold supplemented liquid media. This simple cultivation method was designed to mimic the natural behavior of some members of the genus wherein they form epibiotic/symbiotic associations with higher organisms such as sponges and corals or attach to solid structures as a biofilm. Our scaffolded cultivation is highly effective at stimulating an attachment/biofilm phenotype and causes large changes to metabolite profiles for the microbes investigated. Metabolite changes include alteration to the production levels of known molecules such as violacein, thiomarinol A, and the alterochromide and prodiginine families of molecules. Finally and critically, our technique stimulates the production of unknown compounds that will serve as leads for future natural product discovery. These results suggest our cultivation approach could potentially be used as a general strategy for the activation of silent gene clusters in marine microbes to facilitate access to their full natural product biosynthetic capacity.
Metagenomic analysis of nitrogen‐cycling genes in upper Mississippi river sediment with mussel assemblages
Authors: Black Ellen M. , Chimenti Michael S. , Just Craig L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe investigated the impact of native freshwater mussel assemblages (order Unionoida) on the abundance and composition of nitrogen‐cycling genes in sediment of an upper Mississippi river habitat. We hypothesized that the genomic potential for ammonia and nitrite oxidation would be greater in the sediment with mussel assemblages, presumably due to mussel biodeposition products, namely ammonia and organic carbon. Regardless of the presence of mussels, upper Mississippi river sediment microbial communities had the largest genomic potential for nitrogen fixation followed by urea catabolism, nitrate metabolism, and nitrate assimilation, as evidenced by analysis of nitrogen cycling pathway abundances. However, genes encoding nitrate and nitrite redox reactions, narGHI and nxrAB, were the most abundant functional genes of the nitrogen cycling gene families. Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), we found nitrification genes were the most important biomarkers for nitrogen cycling genomic potential when mussels were present, and this presented an opposing effect on the abundance of genes encoding nitric oxide reduction. The genes involved in nitrification that increased the most were amoA associated with comammox Nitrospira and nxr homologs associated with Nitrospira. On the other hand, the most distinctive biomarkers of microbial communities without mussels were norB and nrfA, as part of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium pathways, respectively. Ultimately, this research demonstrates the impact of native mollusks on microbial nitrogen cycling in an aquatic agroecosystem.
Schon immer die gleiche Medizin
Authors: Engl Tobias 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAntibiotika können einen Befall mit Mikroorganismen heilen oder ihm vorbeugen. Obwohl immer mehr Resistenzen gegen Antibiotika entstehen, lassen sich diese Mittel unter bestimmten Bedingungen über einen langen Zeitraum nutzen. Eine Gruppe von Grabwespen tut dies seit 68 Millionen Jahren.
Lanthanoide – biologisch wichtig
Authors: Lumpe Henning , Daumann Lena J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHin und wieder als „Vitamine der Industrie“ bezeichnet, aber auch für manche Organismen lebensnotwendig: Lanthanoide, also die Elemente von Lanthan bis Lutetium. Vor kurzem sind sie wegen ihrer biologischen Funktion in den Fokus von Mikrobiologen und Koordinationschemikern gerückt.
Properties of flame‐retardant TPU based on para‐aramid fiber modified with iron diethyl phosphinate
Authors: Chen Xilei , Wei Zhibiao , Wang Wenduo , Jiao Chuanmei 
Published: October 2018

In this paper, a new type of flame retardant (AF‐Fe) based on para‐aramid fiber (AF) which was modified with iron diethyl phosphinate was applied for thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU). The flame‐retardant properties of TPU were tested using cone calorimeter test, smoke density test, and thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry. The cone calorimeter test showed that AF‐Fe can greatly reduce the heat release rate, total heat release, smoke factor, and other parameters of TPU composites compared with the sample of TPU/AF. For example, the pHRR of the composite with 1.0 wt% AF‐Fe was reduced by 15.19% compared with the sample with the same content of pure AF. In addition, the smoke factor of TPU/AFFe3 was reduced by 50.52% and 15.63% compared with TPU0 and TPU/AF respectively. The results of smoke density test showed that the luminous flux of TPU/AFFe3 was increased by 79.26% compared with the sample of TPU/AF. The TG results revealed that the sample with TPU/AFFe3 had lower weight loss rate and higher char residue content at 700°C compared with the sample of TPU/AF.
Thermal degradation and flame retardancy of fumaric acid in thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer
Authors: Wei Zhibiao , Chen Xilei , Jiao Chuanmei 
Published: October 2018

In this paper, fumaric acid (FA) which was a new type of environmental and low‐cost flame retardant was applied for thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU). The flame‐retardant properties of TPU were tested using limiting oxygen index, cone calorimeter test, smoke density test, and thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It has been proved that FA could improve the difficulty of the ignition of the sample; the limiting oxygen index value of the sample (FA‐4) increased by 29.7% when 2.0 wt% FA was added to TPU. The cone calorimeter test showed that FA can greatly reduce heat release and smoke production during the combustion process of TPU composites. For example, compared with the pure TPU, the peak heat release rate and total smoke release of the sample (FA‐4) with 2.0 wt% FA were decreased by 50.8% and 51.5% respectively. The results of smoke density test showed that the luminous flux of the samples contained 0.5 wt% FA was increased by 79.2% compared with the pure TPU. The TG results revealed that the sample of FA‐4 had higher char residue content compared with the sample of TPU. The results of thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proved that FA could decrease the initial decomposition temperature for TPU composites and increase the release of CO2 and H2O. All results of test illustrated that FA had good flame‐retardant effect on TPU.
NOX2 in autoimmunity, tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Martner Anna , Aydin Ebru , Hellstrand Kristoffer 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMyeloid cell NADPH oxidase isoform 2 (NOX2) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that participate in defense against microbial pathogens. Humans with compromised NOX2‐mediated ROS formation develop chronic granulomatous disease characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. Additionally, impaired NOX2 function entails hyperactive lymphocytes and autoimmunity in humans and in murine models. The impact of NOX2 and ROS on cancer development is only partly explored. Recent research published in the Journal of Pathology showed that genetic depletion of any of the NOX2 subunits Cyba, Cybb, Ncf1, Ncf2 and Ncf4 reduced the formation of lung metastases following intravenous injection of murine tumor cells. These findings, together with the role of NOX2 in maintaining self‐tolerance, imply that NOX2 is a targetable immune checkpoint in cancer. In particular, the possibility of modulating NOX2 to improve lymphocyte‐mediated control of metastatic cells merits further investigation. © 2018 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Limitations of HLH‐2004 criteria in distinguishing malignancy‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Gurunathan Arun , Boucher Alexander A. , Mark Melissa , Prus Kristina M. , O'Brien Maureen M. , Breese Erin H. , Mizukawa Benjamin E. , Absalon Michael J. , Nelson Adam S. , Jordan Michael B. , Grimley Michael S. , Lorsbach Robert B. , Rotz Seth J. , Mathanda Reema , Kumar Ashish R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by dysregulated immune activation. Primary HLH involves hereditary deficits in cytotoxic lymphocytes while secondary HLH is triggered by extrinsic factors. The HLH‐2004 criteria are widely used for clinical diagnosis, yet their specificity for HLH or their ability to differentiate primary from secondary disease is unclear, potentially leading to inappropriate treatment. We describe several cases where fulfillment of HLH‐2004 criteria obscured the diagnoses of underlying malignancies and delayed curative management. These issues are remedied without waiting for genetic testing results through an alternative diagnostic approach using flow cytometry–based immunologic assays and a thorough investigation for malignancy.
Enterovirus infections in pediatric hematologic/oncologic patients
Authors: Strenger Volker , Kessler Harald H. , Stelzl Evelyn , Aberle Stephan W. , Keldorfer Markus , Zach Klara , Karastaneva Anna , Sperl Daniela , Lackner Herwig , Benesch Martin , Urban Christian , Dornbusch Hans Jürgen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundEnteroviruses (EV) are a large group of Picornaviruses associated with respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurologic symptoms in the immunocompetent host. Little is known about the epidemiologic and clinical impact in pediatric hematologic/oncologic patients.ProcedureFrom 2001 through 2017, different clinical specimens were collected from pediatric hematologic/oncologic patients and were tested for enteroviral RNA.ResultsOf 13 004 specimens collected from 761 patients, 38 (0.3%) obtained from 14 patients (1.8%) tested positive for EV RNA. Viral shedding was observed without viremia and vice versa. None of 80 cerebrospinal fluid specimens obtained from 60 patients with neurologic symptoms were positive for EV RNA. None of 14 patients positive for EV RNA showed EV‐specific symptoms. In 11/14 patients, EV RNA was found to be negative in the follow‐up specimen. The remaining patient with a severe primary immune deficiency showed repeated positive EV RNA results for >5 years.ConclusionsIn this pediatric hematologic/oncologic cohort, EV infection occurred rarely and without related symptoms. Specimens concurrently obtained from one patient are commonly not in accordance with each other. In the vast majority of patients, EV RNA appears to turn negative in the follow‐up specimen. EV infections seem to have a low impact in this patient cohort.
Treatment outcome and pattern of failure in hepatoblastoma treated with a consensus protocol in Hong Kong
Authors: Liu Anthony P. Y. , Ip Janice J. K. , Leung Alex W. K. , Luk C. W. , Li C. H. , Ho Karin K. H. , Lo Regina , Chan Edwin K. W. , Chan Albert C. Y. , Chung Patrick H. Y. , Chiang Alan K. S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackground and aimWe reviewed the results and pattern of failure of the consensus HB/HCC 1996 treatment protocol for pediatric hepatoblastoma (HB) in Hong Kong. The role of SIOPEL and Children's Hepatic tumors International Collaboration (CHIC) risk stratification was evaluated.MethodsPatients enrolled on the protocol from 1996 to 2014 were included. PRETEXT staging, SIOPEL, and CHIC risk groups were retrospectively assigned.ResultsSixty patients were enrolled with median age at diagnosis of 1.1 years and median follow‐up time of 6.8 years. Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) was raised (>100 ng/mL) in 58 (97%) patients. Five (8%) had metastases at presentation and 7 (12%) experienced tumor rupture prior to or during treatment. Twenty‐nine patients (48%) received a first‐line cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil, and vincristine regimen only while 23 (38%) also had alternative chemotherapeutic agents. Hepatic resection could be performed in 48 (80%) patients. Three (5%) patients underwent upfront liver transplantation. Five‐year event‐free survival and overall survival rates were 69.2% ± 6.1% and 77.6% ± 5.5% respectively. Among the 16 patients with relapse/progression, 9 had intrahepatic failure only, 5 had distant failure only, and 2 had combined local and distant failure. Predictors of inferior outcome included advanced Evans staging, disease involving both lobes, rupture, low AFP, and suboptimal response to first‐line chemotherapy. Assigned in 44 patients, PRETEXT staging, SIOPEL, and CHIC risk groups significantly predicted EFS and OS.ConclusionsAlthough the consensus HB/HCC 1996 protocol led to cure in three‐quarters of pediatric HB patients, an upfront risk stratification system is required to identify and improve the outcome of high‐risk patients.
CD5 positive B‐ALL, a uniquely aggressive subcategory of B‐ALL? A case report and brief review of the literature
Authors: Staley Elizabeth M. , Feldman Alexander Z. , Koenig Richard G. , Hill Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCD5 antigen expression in B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL) is exceptionally rare. There are six detailed case reports in the literature, with only 16 cases described. Case series analyzing the frequency of aberrant B‐ALL immunophenotypes suggest that this variant may occur in as little as 2‐4.5% of all B‐ALL cases, with one series having no CD5+ positive cases. Herein we report a case of CD5+ B‐ALL in a 15‐year‐old female, and review the previously reported cases. As limited information is available, more data from prospective clinical trials are required to determine whether CD5 positivity portends a poorer prognosis.
Hope and benefit finding: Results from the PRISM randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rosenberg Abby R. , Bradford Miranda C. , Barton Krysta S. , Etsekson Nicole , McCauley Elizabeth , Curtis J. Randall , Wolfe Joanne , Baker K. Scott , Yi‐Frazier Joyce P. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes, perhaps because they have not acquired skills to navigate the adversities of illness. In a recent phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT), the “Promoting Resilience in Stress Management” (PRISM) intervention was associated with improved patient‐reported resilience, quality of life, and distress. In this planned analysis of secondary aims, we hypothesized PRISM would also improve targeted coping skills of hopeful thinking, benefit finding, and goal setting.MethodsWe conducted this parallel RCT at Seattle Children's Hospital from January 2015 to October 2016. English‐speaking AYAs (12‐25 years old) with cancer were randomized one‐to‐one to PRISM or usual care (UC). PRISM teaches stress‐management, goal‐setting, cognitive‐reframing, and meaning‐making skills in four sessions delivered in‐person every other week. Participants completed surveys at enrollment and 6 months later. Mixed effects linear regression models evaluated associations between PRISM and benefit finding (Benefit‐Finding Scale for Children), hopeful thinking (Hope Scale), and an exploratory outcome of goal setting (queried with open‐ended items about participant's goals, measured qualitatively by three blinded reviewers).ResultsOf N = 92 AYAs (48 PRISM, 44 UC), 73% were 12‐17 years old, 43% female, and 62% diagnosed with leukemia or lymphoma. PRISM was associated with improved benefit finding and hope with moderate‐to‐large effect sizes—benefit finding: +3.1 points, 95% CI 0.0, 6.2, d = 0.4, and P = 0.05; and hope: +3.6 points, 95% CI 0.7, 6.4, d = 0.6, and P = 0.01. We did not detect changes in goal setting (–0.5 points, 95% CI –1.2, 0.3, d = –0.3, P = 0.23).ConclusionsPRISM was associated with improvements in benefit finding and hopeful thinking, two adaptive coping skills which may mitigate long‐term psychosocial risk.