bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT [(123) I‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl) nortropane single photon emission computed tomography] Imaging in a p.A53T α‐synuclein Parkinson's disease cohort versus Parkinson's disease
Authors: Koros Christos , Simitsi Athina , Prentakis Andreas , Beratis Ion , Papadimitriou Dimitra , Kontaxopoulou Dionysia , Fragkiadaki Stella , Papagiannakis Nikolaos , Seibyl John , Marek Kenneth , Papageorgiou Sokratis G. , Trapali Xenia Geronicola , Stamelou Maria , Stefanis Leonidas 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: The p.A53T point mutation in the α‐synuclein gene (SNCA) is a rare but highly relevant cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD).Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess striatal dopaminergic denervation in a cohort of symptomatic carriers of the p.A53T SNCA mutation as compared to PD patients.Methods: Data from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database of 11 symptomatic p.A53T SNCA mutation carriers who underwent 123I‐FP‐CIT SPECT [(123) I‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl) nortropane single photon emission computed tomography] imaging at our site were compared with those of 33 age‐, sex‐, and disease duration–matched PD patients.Results: The p.A53T mutation carriers had significantly lower caudate nucleus binding ratio both contralaterally and ipsilaterally to the most affected side (P = .002 and P = .006) and a decreased contralateral caudate/putamen signal ratio (P = .007) as compared to PD. A similar degree of striatal asymmetry was observed in both subgroups. No correlation between scores in neuropsychological tests and caudate nucleus dopaminergic denervation could be demonstrated.Conclusions: PD patients harboring the p.A53T SNCA mutation show evidence of a more severe nigrostriatal denervation, especially evident in the caudate nucleus. The lack of significant differences in the putaminal binding ratios may reflect a floor effect or a true preferential targeting of the caudate terminals in p.A53T SNCA‐associated PD. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Survival rates among Parkinson's disease patients who carry mutations in the LRRK2 and GBA genes
Authors: Thaler Avner , Kozlovski Tal , Gurevich Tanya , Bar‐Shira Anat , Gana‐Weisz Mali , Orr‐Urtreger Avi , Giladi Nir , Mirelman Anat 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackground: The G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene generates a milder PD phenotype compared with GBA‐PD; however, genetic based survival studies are lacking.Objectives: To compare mortality rates between LRRK2‐PD, GBA‐PD, and idiopathic PD patients (iPD).Methods: Patients were screened for the G2019S mutation in the LRRK2 gene and the seven common GBA mutations among Ashkenazi Jews, classified as mild and severe (mGBA, sGBA). Motor symptoms onset and date of death were ascertained, with mortality rates calculated for each group of patients.Results: Overall, 380 of 1,086 idiopathic PD patients, 49 of 159 LRRK2‐PD, 56 of 148 mGBA‐PD, and 13 of 49 sGBA‐PD participants died by the time of analysis. LRRK2‐PD tended to have longer survival compared to idiopathic PD whereas GBA status did not affect mortality. Genetic status did not predict mortality in a multivariate analysis.Conclusion: Survival of patients with PD does not seem to be related to GBA status, whereas LRRK2 might confer higher survival rates.
History and future challenges of the subthalamic nucleus as surgical target: Review article
Authors: Guridi Jorge , Rodriguez‐Rojas Rafael , Carmona‐Abellán Mar , Parras Olga , Becerra Victoria , Lanciego Jose Luis 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTFor many years the subthalamic nucleus had a poor reputation among neurosurgeons as a result of the acute movement disorders that develop after its lesion or manipulation through different surgical procedures. However, this nucleus is now considered a key structure in relation to parkinsonism, and it is currently one of the preferred therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. The implication of the subthalamic nucleus in the pathophysiology of chorea and in the parkinsonian state is thought to be related to its role in modulating the basal ganglia, a fundamental circuit in movement control. Indeed, recent findings have renewed interest in this anatomical structure. Accordingly, this review aims to present a history of the subthalamic nucleus, evolving from the classic surgical concepts associated with the avoidance of this structure, to our current understanding of its importance based on findings from more recent models. Future developments regarding the relationship of the subthalamic nucleus to neuroprotection are also discussed in this review. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Network analysis of symptoms in a Parkinson patient using experience sampling data: An n = 1 study
Authors: van der Velden Rachel M.J. , Mulders Anne E.P. , Drukker Marjan , Kuijf Mark L. , Leentjens Albert F.G. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundAround 50% of Parkinson's disease patients experience motor fluctuations after long‐term treatment with levodopa. These fluctuations may be accompanied by mood fluctuations. Routine cross‐sectional assessments cannot capture the extent of these motor and mood fluctuations and their possible associations. Experience sampling techniques that use frequently repeated measurements of symptoms over time are able to capture such fluctuations. Based on such data, longitudinal associations between symptoms can be studied using network analysis.AimThe purpose of this study is to identify longitudinal associations between motor symptoms and mood states in a patient with Parkinson's disease.MethodsA 53‐year‐old man with Parkinson's disease and motor fluctuations collected experience sampling data during 34 consecutive days. A set of dependent variables included tremor, rigidity, balance problems, and “on/off” state, and the mood variables anxiety, cheerful, and “down.” Independent variables were the same variables assessed at the preceding measurement. Regression coefficients were calculated and presented in a network graph.ResultsIn this patient, anxiety and cheerfulness had a central position within the symptom network. Higher anxiety was prospectively associated with increased rigidity and tremor and with feeling “down.” Cheerfulness was associated with less tremor. Balance problems were not influenced by cheerfulness nor anxiety, but increased balance problems were associated with reduced cheerfulness at the next assessment. Feeling “down” did not influence self‐reported motor symptom severity at the next assessment.ConclusionThis n = 1 study shows that network analysis of experience sampling data may reveal longitudinal associations of self‐reported motor symptoms and mood states that may have relevance for treatment strategies. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A five‐compartment biokinetic model for 90Y‐DOTATOC therapy
Authors: Jeremic Marija Z. , Matovic Milovan D. , Krstic Dragana Z. , Pantovic Suzana B. , Nikezic Dragoslav R. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are now routinely treated by radiopeptide targeted therapy using somatostatin receptor‐binding peptides such as 90Y‐ and 177Lu‐DOTATOC. The objective of this work was to develop a biokinetics model of 90Y labelled DOTATOC, which is applied in the therapy of NETs to estimate doses in kidney and tumor.MethodsA multi‐compartment model described by two sets of differential equations, one set for the actual 30‐min infusion and the other set for the post‐infusion period was developed and activities were measured by liquid scintillation counting in blood (compartment 1) and the urine (compartment 3). The inter‐compartment transfer coefficients, λij, were varied to yield the best fit of the calculated to the measured time‐activity data and the 90Y‐DOTATOC time‐activity data in the five‐compartments comprising the human body were thus determined. The resulting time‐activity curves were integrated over the interval from 0 to 72 h post administration to obtain the number of radioactive decays in each compartment and, in case of the kidneys and tumor, then multiplied by the self‐dose 90Y beta particle absorbed fraction, determined by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, the kidney and tumor absorbed doses.ResultsTransfer coefficients λij, were determined for five‐compartments for all patients. Time‐ activity curves of 90Y‐DOTATOC in 14 patients were determined, and two typical ones are shown graphically. Absorbed doses in the tumor and kidneys, obtained by the developed method, were determined. The mean absorbed dose in a kidney per unit of administered activity is 1.43 mGy/MBq (range 0.73–2.42 mGy/MBq). The tumor dose was determined as 30.94 mGy/MBq (range 20.05–42.31 mGy/MBq).ConclusionAnalytical solution of a biokinetic model for 90Y‐DOTATOC therapy enabled determination of the transfer coefficients and derivation of time‐activity curves and kidney and tumor absorbed doses for 14 treated patients. The model can be applied to other radionuclides where elimination is predominantly through urine, which is often the case in radiopharmaceuticals.
Unexplained Variation in Movement by Walleye and Sauger after Catch-and-Release Angling Tournaments
Authors: Eberts Rebecca L. , Butt Jessica C. , Somers Christopher M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Walleye Sander vitreus is a popular species for catch-and-release angling tournaments in North America, but we currently know little about the postrelease behavior of this species and the congeneric Sauger S. canadensis. We used radiotelemetry and acoustic telemetry to track Walleyes (n = 101) and Saugers (n = 19) for 7 d after release at tournaments in Saskatchewan. Our objectives were to provide a description of postrelease movements, and examine the influence of handling variables and stress scores on movement. Walleyes made highly variable movements over 7 d, and total dispersal ranged from less than 100 m to over 28 km from the release point. Path lengths—the cumulative distance between start and end points—were considerably longer than straight-line dispersal. Walleyes made larger movements than Saugers, with average total dispersal values of 6.1 ± 6.9 km (mean ± SD) and 1.3 ± 1.8 km, respectively. Multivariate modeling revealed that species and tournament were the only important factors affecting movement. Fish size (TL), capture depth, distance transported, and time spent in a live well were not consistently important predictors of postrelease movement. Walleyes and Saugers moved much smaller distances when they had poor outcomes for the reflex action mortality predictor (RAMP) test, but RAMP scores in general did not explain a significant proportion of the variance in any fish movement metric. Swim scores at the time of release, an alternative metric of stress, also did not explain a significant proportion of variance in fish movement. Our results show intriguing variance in the behavioral response of individual Walleyes and Saugers to catch and release at tournaments, but do not identify causal factors.
On the linear elastic responses of the 2D bonded discrete element model
Authors: Zhao Gao‐Feng , Yin Qiuyue , Russell Adrian R. , Li Yingchun , Wu Wei , Li Qin 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe bonded discrete element model (DEM) is a numerical tool that is becoming widely used when studying fracturing, fragmentation, and failure of solids in various disciplines. However, its abilities to solve elastic problems are usually overlooked. In this work, the main features of the 2D bonded DEM which influence Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus, and accuracy when solving elastic boundary value problems, are investigated. Outputs of numerical simulations using the 2D bonded DEM, the finite element method, a hyper elasticity analysis, and the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) are compared in the investigation. It is shown that a shear interaction (local) factor and a geometric (global) factor are two essential elements for the 2D bonded DEM to reproduce a full range of Poisson's ratios. It is also found that the 2D bonded DEM might be unable to reproduce the correct displacements for elastic boundary value problems when the represented Poisson's ratio is close to 0.5 or the long‐range interaction is considered. In addition, an analytical relationship between the shear stiffness ratio and the Poisson's ratio, derived from a hyper elasticity analysis and applicable to discontinuum‐based models, provides good agreement with outputs from the 2D bonded DEM and DLSM. Finally, it is shown that the selection of elastic parameters used the 2D bonded DEM has a significant effect on fracturing and fragment patterns of solids.
Handgrip Strength, but Not 5‐Meter Walk, Adds Value to a Clinical Nutrition Assessment
Authors: McNicholl Tara , Dubin Joel A. , Curtis Lori , Mourtzakis Marina , Nasser Roseann , Laporte Manon , Keller Heather 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundDecreased physical functioning is associated with malnutrition and common in acute care patients; determining loss of function is often considered part of a comprehensive nutrition assessment. Handgrip strength (HGS) and 5‐meter timed walk (5m) are functional measures used in a variety of settings. This analysis sought to determine which functional measure could be added to a hospital nutrition assessment, based on its feasibility and capacity to discriminate patient subgroups.MethodsEligible medical patients (no delirium/dementia, admitted from community; n = 1250), recruited from 5 hospitals that participated in a previous multisite action research study, provided data on demographics, HGS, 5m, nutrition status, perceived disability, and other characteristics.ResultsSignificantly more patients (z = 17.39, P < .00001) were able to complete HGS than 5m (92% versus 43%, respectively). Median HGS was 28.0 kg for men and 14.7 kg for women. Of patients who completed the 5m, mean completion time was 8.98 seconds (median, 6.79 seconds, SD = 6.59). 5m and HGS scores were significantly worse with patient‐perceived disability (z = −9.56, t = 10.69, respectively; P < .0001; 95% confidence interval [CI], [7.33, 10.63]; [1.76, 3.18]). HGS was associated with nutrition status (t = 4.13, P < .001; 95% CI [2.02, 5.67]), although it showed poor validity as a single nutrition indicator.ConclusionsThese data indicate that HGS is a more useful functional measure than 5m when added to a hospital nutrition assessment. Determination of HGS cutpoints to identify low strength in acute care patients will promote its use.
Novel quadratic Bézier triangular and tetrahedral elements using existing mesh generators: Applications to linear nearly incompressible elastostatics and implicit and explicit elastodynamics
Authors: Kadapa Chennakesava 
Published: October 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we present novel techniques of using quadratic Bézier triangular and tetrahedral elements for elastostatic and implicit/explicit elastodynamic simulations involving nearly incompressible linear elastic materials. A simple linear mapping is proposed for developing finite element meshes with quadratic Bézier triangular/tetrahedral elements from the corresponding quadratic Lagrange elements that can be easily generated using the existing mesh generators. Numerical issues arising in the case of nearly incompressible materials are addressed using the consistent B‐bar formulation, thus reducing the finite element formulation to one consisting only of displacements. The higher‐order spatial discretization and the nonnegative nature of Bernstein polynomials are shown to yield significant computational benefits. The optimal spatial convergence of the B‐bar formulation for the quadratic triangular and tetrahedral elements is demonstrated by computing error norms in displacement and stresses. The applicability and computational efficiency of the proposed elements for elastodynamic simulations are demonstrated by studying several numerical examples involving real‐world geometries with complex features. Numerical results obtained with the standard linear triangular and tetrahedral elements are also presented for comparison.
Relatives’ experiences of sharing a written life story about a close family member with dementia who has moved to residential care: An interview study
Authors: Andersson Ewa Kazimiera , Dellkvist Helén , Bernow Johansson Ulrika , Skär Lisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to describe relatives’ experiences of sharing a written life story about a close family member with dementia who has moved to residential care.DesignAn explorative descriptive qualitative design was used.MethodsThe data were collected using semi‐structured interviews with a purposeful sample of eight relatives and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis.ResultsResults show that creating and sharing the life story of a close family member could help relatives handle grief and stress. It was perceived as an important, yet difficult, task to ensure that the close family member got good quality care. The creation of a meaningful life story takes time and requires cooperation with family members and other significant people.
Low‐Calorie Sweeteners: Exploring Underutilized Database Resources to Understand Dietary Patterns and Obesity
Authors: Marriott Bernadette P. , Hunt Kelly J. , Malek Angela M. , St. Peter John V. , Greenberg Danielle 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe use and impact of low‐calorie sweeteners (LCS) in relation to the national challenges of overweight and obesity are complex and controversial. Most research on LCS have focused on the prevalence of consumption of LCS in beverages. The 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee emphasized dietary patterns and health rather than a focus on specific nutrients or foods. The committee took this approach to shift the national emphasis onto the context of total rather than individual nutrient consumption. A broader research paradigm is needed to elucidate the actual exposure to LCS and how they are consumed within dietary patterns in the US population. National‐level databases exist that can be used to broaden scientific understanding of the effects of LCS and health outcomes. These databases are underutilized, and they provide potential tools for grasping a fuller picture of LCS in the US diet.
Gut Microbiota and Body Weight in School‐Aged Children: The KOALA Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Mbakwa Catherine A. , Hermes Gerben D. A. , Penders John , Savelkoul Paul H. M. , Thijs Carel , Dagnelie Pieter C. , Mommers Monique , Zoetendal Erwin G. , Smidt Hauke , Arts Ilja C. W. 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the intestinal microbiota composition of school‐aged children in association with (over)weight.MethodsThe fecal microbiota composition of 295 children was analyzed using the Human Intestinal Tract Chip. Anthropometric outcomes (overweight [BMI  ≥  85th percentile], age‐ and sex‐standardized BMI and weight z scores) were measured at 6 to 7 years of age, and elastic net was used to select genus‐like bacterial groups related to all anthropometric outcomes. Subsequently, multiple linear and logistic regression models were used to model associations between selected bacterial groups and anthropometric measures while controlling for confounders.ResultsPrevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella oralis, Dialister, and uncultured Clostridiales II (UCII) accounted for 26.1% of the variation in microbiota composition. Several bacterial groups were inversely associated with the anthropometric outcomes: Sutterella wadsworthensis, Marvinbryantia formatexigens, Prevotella melanogenica, P oralis, Burkholderia, uncultured Clostridiales II, and Akkermansia, while Streptococcus bovis was positively associated with overweight. Microbial diversity and richness, and Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes ratio, were not significantly associated with any of the outcomes.ConclusionsIn the largest population‐based study on childhood gut microbiota and body weight so far, both new and previously identified bacterial groups were found to be associated with overweight. Further research should elucidate their role in energy metabolism.
Application of Box–Behnken design for ultrasound‐assisted extraction and recycling preparative HPLC for isolation of anthraquinones fromCassia singueana
Authors: Jibril Saidu , Basar Norazah , Sirat Hasnah Mohd , Wahab Roswanira Abdul , Mahat Naji Arafat , Nahar Lutfun , Sarker Satyajit D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionCassia singueanaDel. (Fabaceae) is a rare medicinal plant used in the traditional medicine preparations to treat various ailments. The root ofC. singueanais a rich source of anthraquinones that possess anticancer, antibacterial and antifungal properties.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to develop an ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) method for achieving a high extraction yield of anthraquinones using the response surface methodology (RSM), Box–Behnken design (BBD), and a recycling preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) protocol for isolation of anthraquinones fromC. singueana.MethodologyOptimisation of UAE was performed using the Box–Behnken experimental design. Recycling preparative HPLC was employed to isolate anthraquinones from the root extract ofC. singueana.ResultsThe BBD was well‐described by a quadratic polynomial model (R2 = 0.9751). The predicted optimal UAE conditions for a high extraction yield were obtained at: extraction time 25.00 min, temperature 50°C and solvent‐sample ratio of 10 mL/g. Under the predicted conditions, the experimental value (1.65 ± 0.07%) closely agreed to the predicted yield (1.64%). The obtained crude extract ofC. singueanaroot was subsequently purified to afford eight anthraquinones.ConclusionThe extraction protocol described here is suitable for large‐scale extraction of anthraquinones from plant extracts.
The effects of partial amniotic carbon dioxide insufflation in an ovine model
Authors: Skinner Sasha , Crossley Kelly , Amberg Ben , Kashyap Aidan , Hooper Stuart , Deprest Jan A. , Hodges Ryan , DeKoninck Philip 
Published: October 2018

What's already known about this topic?

PACI enables fetoscopic myelomeningocele repair as a minimally invasive alternative to open fetal surgery.
PACI causes fetal hypercapnia and acidosis in sheep.
Initial clinical series of fetoscopic myelomeningocele repair using PACI was associated with high rates of PPROM and preterm birth.
What does this study add?

Increasing PACI pressures results in larger disturbances in fetal acid‐base and uterine blood flow.
Unheated, nonhumidified PACI exposure leads to fetal membrane inflammation.
Important differences in sheep and human uterine and placental structure must be considered in our study interpretation.