bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive value of globus pharyngeus in patients with functional dysphonia versus organic dysphonia
Authors: Hamdan Abdul‐Latif , Khalifee Elie , Ghanem Anthony , Mansour Hisham , Yammine Edmond 
Published: October 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThis is a retrospective study investigating the prevalence of globus pharyngeus in patients with dysphonia.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsThe study examined the prevalence of globus pharyngeus in patients presenting with history of dysphonia at the American University of Beirut Medical Center Voice Center was performed. The etiology of dysphonia was categorized as organic in the presence of laryngeal pathology versus functional in the absence of any laryngeal pathology on laryngeal videostroboscopic examination. Functional dysphonia was further stratified as muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) and non‐MTD based on the presence or absence of supraglottic muscle tension patterns.ResultsThe medical records of 300 patients were reviewed. Total prevalence of globus pharyngeus was 14.33%. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of globus pharyngeus between patients with organic dysphonia and patients with functional dysphonia (P < .001). Out of 43 patients with globus, 41.86% had organic voice disorders versus 58.14% who had functional voice disorders. Among those with functional voice disorders, globus pharyngeus was more prevalent in patients with MTD versus non‐MTD patients (P = .19). Out of 25 patients with functional voice disorders and globus, 72% had MTD versus 28% who had no MTD (P = .19).ConclusionsGlobus pharyngeus is significantly more prevalent in patients with functional dysphonia versus patients with organic dysphonia. Moreover, in patients with functional dysphonia, the prevalence of globus was higher in those with MTD despite not reaching statistical significance. Globus pharyngeus may be either the cause or the result of laryngeal aberrant functional behavior.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:930–934, 2019
Cryotherapy has antifibrotic and regenerative effects on human vocal fold fibroblasts
Authors: Gong Ting , Zhang Chi , Kang Jing , Lamb JJ , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives/HypothesisVocal fold scarring remains a major treatment challenge, and scar prevention without residual lesions remains a dilemma. Cryotherapy has shown cosmetic outcomes on skin lesions with minimal scarring. The aim of this study was to clarify the beneficial effects of cryotherapy for the prevention and the treatment of vocal fold scarring.Study DesignIn vitro.MethodsPrimary cultures of human vocal fold fibroblasts (VFFs) were used in this study. Myofibroblast differentiation was stimulated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1). We mimicked the cryotherapy effect on vocal fold healing in vivo by freezing VFFs ± TGF‐β1 in vitro. The influence of freezing on cell viability, proliferation, migration, and contractile properties were analyzed. The expression of collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, TGF‐β1, matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP1), hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) were investigated by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), and the expression of alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and decorin were investigated by RT‐PCR and Western blot.ResultsFreezing was found to modify extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and differentiation of VFFs. Expression of collagen I, collagen III, fibronectin, α‐SMA, and TGF‐β1 was downregulated, and MMP1 was upregulated in VFFs + TGF‐β1 (myofibroblast) by freezing. HAS1 and decorin were upregulated in both VFFs ± TGF‐β1 by freezing. Freezing VFFs + TGF‐β1 (myofibroblast) with fast thawing had a lower expression of α‐SMA when compared with slow thawing. Freezing reduced the migration and collagen contraction of VFFs + TGF‐β1 (myofibroblast).ConclusionCryotherapy induces antifibrotic and regenerative ECM alterations in VFFs. These data provide insight into the prevention and the treatment of vocal fold scarring with cryotherapy in phonomicrosurgery.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:E143–E150, 2019
Resilience of Red Ferralitic soils in the karst regions of Mayabeque Province, Cuba
Authors: Febles González José M. , Febles Díaz J.M. , Sobrinho Nelson Moura B. Amaral , Tolón‐Becerra Alfredo , Lastra‐Bravo Xavier , Botta Guido F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere is an ongoing global debate on soil degradation, its magnitude and agro‐environmental impact, where long‐term experimentation provides quantitative criteria for its capacity for restauration with rational use and management. In this context, research in the last 30 years has confirmed that the resilience of Red Ferralitic soils in the karst regions of western Cuba is a multifactorial process, conditioned not only by the intrinsic properties of the soil surface and use conditions but also dependent on geological–geomorphological and use conditions. This study determined the capacity of Red Ferralitic soils for blocking karst‐erosion to be a period of 50 years in the San Jose de Las Lajas polje. They would recover, but depending on the amount of limestone impurities, it would take from 100 to 600 years. In any case, there are very few similar studies, not only because of the time necessary to achieve reliable results but also because in the case of karst ecosystems, they are subjected to constant disturbances impeding resilience research.
Effects of soil moisture and vegetation cover on biomass growth in water‐limited environments
Authors: Lozano‐Parra Javier , Schnabel Susanne , Pulido Manuel , Gómez‐Gutiérrez Álvaro , Lavado‐Contador Francisco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSoil moisture has a direct influence on biomass production, food security, and ecosystem functioning, thus resources management in water‐limited environments could be improved if feedbacks between water and vegetation were fully understood. This study tries to define the sensitivity of annual pastures under the influence of different vegetation covers to soil water availability during two contrasting growing seasons, dry and wet. For this reason, soil water content was continuously monitored during two complete hydrological years using capacitance sensors, which were gathered in soil moisture stations located in open grasslands and beneath tree canopies. Pasture growth was recorded by measurements of its height and by biomass cuts. The study was conducted on three private farms located in savanna‐like ecosystems of Spain (dehesa) with Mediterranean climate. Results highlighted the importance of the topsoil (first 15 cm) as the main layer for water supply of natural grasses. Soils below canopies registered longer and more intense water deficits than those located in grasslands. This was reflected in biomass growth, given that when growing conditions were dry, pasture yield decreased more than 40% in grasslands and more than 50% below tree canopies. The studied ecosystems occupy millions of hectares in Spain and Portugal and present a canopy cover up to 40%. If dry episodes become more frequent in the present century due to climate change, important surface, especially under trees, could become drier, less productive, and therefore more prone to land degradation.
Evaluation of a performic acid oxidation method for quantifying amino acids in freshwater species
Authors: Thera Jennifer C. , Kidd Karen A. , Nosworthy Matthew G. , Bertolo Robert F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThiol amino acids in proteins store metals like mercury, but established methods for their quantitation in freshwater species have had limited application and evaluation. As such, literature on the amino acid composition of aquatic species often lacks the thiols cysteine and methionine. Here, we evaluated a performic acid (PFA) oxidation method to determine its suitability to measure cysteine and methionine, as well as 15 other amino acids, in novel matrices (zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, fishes, and algae). Protein‐bound amino acids were oxidized with PFA, hydrolyzed in hydrochloric acid, derivatized with AccQ·Tagultra (Waters), and separated by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PFA oxidation was successful in determining precise results for 15 amino acids, including the sulfur amino acids, with the complete loss of tyrosine (TYR) and poor precision of phenylalanine (PHE). The overall variability of the method was 11% (excluding TYR and PHE), or 6% when reported as relative percentages, comparable to methods without PFA oxidation in other matrices. Except for TYR and thiols, PFA oxidation did not affect the amino acid composition of these biota. Overall, the findings were reproducible and comparable to other approaches and suggest this is a rigorous method for measuring sulfur amino acids and the overall amino acid composition for aquatic biota, both of which are rare in the literature.
Performance assessment of active vs passive pixel x‐ray angiography detector systems using a bias‐corrected channelized Hotelling observer and adult patient‐equivalent experimental conditions
Authors: Fetterly Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeElectronic noise associated with passive pixel (PP) x‐ray angiography flat panel detectors is known to compromise fluoroscopic image quality. An active pixel (AP) crystalline silicon x‐ray detector with potential for reduced influence of electronic noise is commercially available. The purpose of this work was to compare the performance of the AP vs PP x‐ray angiography detectors over a detector target dose (DTD) range relevant for invasive cardiology procedures.MethodsA total of 16 passive pixel detector systems representing two models and two active pixel detector systems of a single model were tested. Iodine contrast (160 mg I ml−1) disk‐shaped test objects of diameter 0.5–4.0 mm were embedded in 30 × 30 cm2 25‐cm‐thick PMMA phantom. Detector target dose was 6, 18, and 120 nGy and 1204 test signal present and signal absent images were acquired. A channelized Hotelling observer statistical model (CHO) was used to estimate detectability index (d′) of the detectors for the various test objects. The CHO included correction for bias from finite sampling and that due to temporally variable electronic noise.ResultsDetectability index estimates demonstrated similar performance between the two models of PP detectors and relatively improved performance for the AP detectors for all DTD levels and test object diameters. For DTD = 120 nGy and the 4.0 mm test object, d′ of the AP detectors was 13% and 20% greater than that of the PP detectors. For DTD = 6 nGy, d′ of the AP detectors was 42% and 54% greater.ConclusionsThe AP x‐ray angiography detector demonstrated superior performance throughout the DTD range tested and especially for DTD consistent with low‐dose fluoroscopy. The improved performance of the AP detectors may facilitate reduced patient dose and/or improved image quality.
Specialization and Characterization of Stocked-Trout Anglers in Virginia, USA
Authors: Hyman Amanda A. , McMullin Steve L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
To manage a recreational fishery effectively, agencies must understand who actively utilizes the fishery. Despite the popularity of stocked-trout fishing, most studies have focused on fishing for wild trout, while few studies have attempted to describe stocked-trout anglers. We sought to characterize stocked-trout anglers specifically. We interviewed 3,367 anglers during their fishing trips on 17 stocked-trout waters across Virginia. We asked anglers questions relating to their demographics, motivations, fishing and management preferences, catch and harvest that day, level of specialization, and level of satisfaction. Using a hierarchical clustering method, we identified four unique clusters of anglers: specialists, avid anglers, consumptive-experienced anglers, and casual anglers. The clusters differed in their motivations for fishing, management and fishing preferences, and level of satisfaction. Proportions of each cluster varied across fishery types. Results from this study depict how stocked-trout anglers differ from wild-trout anglers. These results can help managers to adjust management strategies for various angler groups and can help managers to focus their efforts on how to recruit and retain anglers.
Coded Wire Tag Use with Juvenile Channel Catfish: Evaluation of Mortality, Retention, and Growth
Authors: Becher Cory , Strahan Madelyn G. , Ludsin Stuart A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus is a popular sport fish that is routinely stocked into north-temperate U.S. lakes and reservoirs by natural resource management agencies. We experimentally tested the use of an internal coded wire tag (CWT) as a method for nonlethal batch marking of individuals. The retention of CWTs and their influence on individual growth and mortality remain unexplored for juvenile Channel Catfish. Both attributes were quantified and compared between age-0 fingerlings and age-1 yearlings at various time points (i.e., after 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, and monthly thereafter) of our 4-month experiment. For both age-classes, CWT retention was high (90–100%), with no observed increases in mortality or effects on growth rate. Our findings suggest that CWTs are a reliable, effective means of marking juvenile Channel Catfish. Hence, we recommend their use by management agencies to differentiate between hatchery-reared and wild-produced individuals, which can be useful when assessing the efficacy of stocking programs.
Evaluation of Partial and Whole Maxillary Bone Excision as a Nonlethal Age Estimation Structure in Lake Trout
Authors: Wellenkamp William , Sitar Shawn P. , Aho James 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Partial excision, or clipping, of maxillary bones has been used for decades as a mark to assign year-classes to hatchery fish stocked into the wild. Recent developments in the use of maxillary bones for age assignment purposes have raised the question of whether they could be used as age assignment structures that can be collected nonlethally. Such nonlethal tissue collections are of obvious importance to managers of low-abundance and recovering populations or threatened and endangered species. We examined 120 Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from two cohorts in a hatchery setting for approximately 6 months to determine the feasibility of maxillary bone excision as a nonlethal sampling technique for age assignment purposes. Lake Trout were subjected to whole-maxillary excision and partial-maxillary excision and were evaluated for survival, efficiency of collection, and accuracy of age assignment. Survival in both the whole-excision and partial-excision groups was 97%, while untreated controls survived at a rate of 98% (not significantly different). There was no significant difference in sample collection time between groups. Age assignments from whole maxillary bones were more accurate than those from partial maxillary bones; assignments were more accurate when based on bones from younger fish than on bones from older fish. We conclude that for nonlethal collection purposes, excision of whole maxillary bones is advantageous over partial excision due to comparable efficiency, equal survival, and more accurate age estimation. While the value of maxillary bones as a reliable aging structure for Lake Trout has been noted, the use of maxillary bones for nonlethal tissue sampling in other studies, such as isotopic, trace element, and genetic analyses, may also be valuable.
Characterizing the Angling and Tribal Spearing Walleye Fisheries in the Ceded Territory of Wisconsin, 1990–2015
Authors: Mrnak Joseph T. , Shaw Stephanie L. , Eslinger Lawrence D. , Cichosz Thomas A. , Sass Greg G. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Assessment of the Walleye Sander vitreus angling and tribal spearing fisheries in the Ceded Territory of Wisconsin (CTWI) is critical for the sustainability of this resource. Key to these assessments is an understanding of harvest demographics, exploitation, catch and harvest efficiency, and relationships between catch or harvest and adult density. We characterized the size distribution and mean length of harvested Walleyes, harvest, exploitation rate, and catch (angling) or harvest (spearing) rate for both fisheries during 1990–2015. Then, we evaluated catch and harvest rates in relation to adult density and tested for self-regulation or hyperstability in each fishery. Size distribution and mean length of harvested Walleyes in both fisheries were statistically different but biologically similar. Anglers harvested significantly more Walleyes, and the mean exploitation rate was greater in the angling fishery. Spearfishers had significantly higher mean harvest rates compared with angler catch rates. Catch and harvest rates followed an asymptotic relationship with adult density, with the spear fishery showing more hyperstability than the angling fishery. In the CTWI, naturally reproducing Walleye populations are managed for densities ≥7.4 adults/ha. Our results suggest that maintaining adult Walleye densities near the point of diminishing returns of the asymptotic relationship (10–15 Walleyes/ha) will result in a sustainable fishery that also maximizes tribal harvest and angler catch. However, maintaining adult Walleye densities within this range in the unproductive lakes typical of the CTWI may be unrealistic. Due to the hyperstability observed in each fishery, active management of the spear fishery should continue and monitoring of the angling fishery should also continue given recent declines in natural recruitment and production observed in the CTWI in order to maintain Walleye populations in a “safe operating space.” An empirical understanding of CTWI Walleye angler and spearfisher effort dynamics is critically needed to mechanistically explain the observed hyperstability in each fishery.
Unmet supportive care needs and psychological distress among parents of children with cancer in Indonesia
Authors: Aziza Yulanticha Diaz Ahwalia , Wang Shan‐Tair , Huang Mei‐Chih 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the needs and associating factors, psychological distress of parents, when taking care of children with cancer in Indonesia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 100 parents of children with cancer from the pediatric ward of two hospitals in Indonesia. The parents were assessed using the Indonesian version of the Supportive Care Needs Survey for Partner and Caregiver (unmet needs) and the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (psychological distress). The factors associated with unmet needs were analyzed using hierarchical linear regression.ResultsAmong the surveyed parents, 83% had over 10 unmet needs. Among these unmet needs, need for information was the highest one. In the self‐report measure using a clinical cut‐off, 49% of the parents reported signs of anxiety, and 25% had signs of depression. Parents reporting clinically relevant levels of anxiety had more unmet needs than parents without clinically relevant anxiety. Having fewer children was correlated with higher work and social needs, and higher levels of education were correlated with more psychological needs. However, the children's clinical variables were not associated with the overall needs in the regression model.ConclusionsMost parents of children with cancer reported a need for more information and reported signs of anxiety and depression. Parents with fewer children and higher levels of education were identified as a vulnerable population due to having greater needs. The result of this study can be used to improve supportive care for parents of children with cancer in hospital settings.
Neurocognitive dysfunction in adult cerebellar medulloblastoma
Authors: Harrison Rebecca A. , Kesler Shelli R. , Johnson Jason M. , Penas‐Prado Marta , Sullaway Catherine M. , Wefel Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveImpaired neurocognitive function (NCF) is a well‐established consequence of pediatric medulloblastoma (MB) and its treatments. However, the frequency and features of neurocognitive dysfunction in adult‐onset MB patients are largely unknown.MethodsAdult patients (≥ 18 years) with MB who had received formal neurocognitive evaluation (N = 27) were identified. Demographic, medical, and treatment histories were extracted from the medical record. Lesion properties on MRI were analyzed and used to evaluate lesion‐symptom mapping further. Demographically adjusted z‐scores were calculated for each neurocognitive test and used to assess impairment frequency. Regression analyses were conducted to identify clinical and paraclinical factors associated with impaired NCF.ResultsMean age of the patient sample was 33 years (SD = 11) at the time of MB diagnosis. Prior therapy included surgical resection (89%), radiation (70%), and chemotherapy (26%). A significant proportion of patients were impaired on tests of verbal learning and memory (32%), executive function (29%), and naming (18%). Age, education, lesion size, time from surgery, and number of chemotherapy cycles had the greatest contribution to test performance in random‐forest regression models.ConclusionThis study identifies frequent impairment of NCF in adult patients with MB, particularly in the domains of learning and memory and executive function. Neurocognitive impairment is influenced by patients' demographic, disease, and treatment history. Further study is warranted to characterize the clinical impact of adult MB more fully.
Asp271 is critical for substrate interaction with the surface binding site in β‐agarase a from Zobellia galactanivorans
Authors: Wilkens Casper , Tiwari Manish K. , Webb Helen , Jam Murielle , Czjzek Mirjam , Svensson Birte 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the marine environment agar degradation is assured by bacteria that contain large agarolytic systems with enzymes acting in various endo‐ and exo‐modes. Agarase A (AgaA) is an endo‐glycoside hydrolase of family 16 considered to initiate degradation of agarose. Agaro‐oligosaccharide binding at a unique surface binding site (SBS) in AgaA from Zobellia galactanivorans was investigated by computational methods in conjunction with a structure/sequence guided approach of site‐directed mutagenesis probed by surface plasmon resonance binding analysis of agaro‐oligosaccharides of DP 4‐10. The crystal structure has shown that agaro‐octaose interacts via H‐bonds and aromatic stacking along 7 subsites (L through R) of the SBS in the inactive catalytic nucleophile mutant AgaA‐E147S. D271 is centrally located in the extended SBS where it forms H‐bonds to galactose and 3,6‐anhydrogalactose residues of agaro‐octaose at subsites O and P. We propose D271 is a key residue in ligand binding to the SBS. Thus AgaA‐E147S/D271A gave slightly decreasing KD values from 625 ± 118 to 468 ± 13 μM for agaro‐hexaose, ‐octaose, and ‐decaose, which represent 3‐ to 4‐fold reduced affinity compared with AgaA‐E147S. Molecular dynamics simulations and interaction analyses of AgaA‐E147S/D271A indicated disruption of an extended H‐bond network supporting that D271 is critical for the functional SBS. Notably, neither AgaA‐E147S/W87A nor AgaA‐E147S/W277A, designed to eliminate stacking with galactose residues at subsites O and Q, respectively, were produced in soluble form. W87 and W277 may thus control correct folding and structural integrity of AgaA.