bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einflussfaktoren von Bedürfnissen 8- bis 13-jähriger an Krebs erkrankter Kinder: Ergebnisse einer Querschnittstudie
Authors: Böcherer Sarah M. , Burger Thorsten , Pfeifer Eric , Schepper Florian , Fichtner Urs A. , Hettmer Simone , Farin-Glattacker Erik 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung
Diagnose und Behandlung einer Krebserkrankung im Kindesalter gehen mit einer Vielzahl von körperlichen und psychosozialen Anforderungen einher. In der hier vorgestellten Studie wurden soziodemografische, medizinische und biopsychosoziale Einflussfaktoren von Bedürfnissen in den Bereichen körperliche Unterstützung, Unterstützung bei emotionaler Beanspruchung, soziale Teilhabe sowie Sicherheit und Kontrollerleben identifiziert, die für die Prävention psychosozialer Beeinträchtigungen bei jungen Onkologiepatient*innen genutzt werden können.

Materialien und Methoden
Die Teilnehmenden (N = 117; im Alter von 8–13 Jahren) der Querschnittstudie wurden unter Einsatz eines kindspezifischen Erhebungsinstruments (KiWuF-PädOnk) befragt. Es wurden multiple lineare Regressionen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Das Bedürfnis nach körperlicher Unterstützung wurde signifikant von der Diagnose, dem zeitlichen Abstand zur Diagnose und der schulischen Lebensqualität beeinflusst. Die Schulform und die psychische Lebensqualität hatten den größten Einfluss auf das Bedürfnis nach Unterstützung bei emotionaler Beanspruchung. Insbesondere die schulische Lebensqualität erwies sich als eine wesentliche Determinante, über die sich Voraussagen zum Bedürfnis nach sozialer Teilhabe sowie zum Bedürfnis nach Sicherheit und Kontrollerleben ableiten ließen.

Schlussfolgerung
Neben der schulischen Lebensqualität scheint auch die Schulform ein relevanter Faktor zu sein, was darauf hindeutet, dass die sozialen Umstände einen Einfluss auf die Bedürfnisse onkologisch erkrankter Kinder haben. Es ist weitere Forschung in diesem Bereich angezeigt, um die Unterstützung junger Krebspatient*innen zu optimieren.
Comparison study of quantitative susceptibility mapping with GRAPPA and wave-CAIPI: reproducibility, consistency, and microbleeds detection
Authors: Sakurama Azusa , Fushimi Yasutaka , Nakajima Satoshi , Sakata Akihiko , Okuchi Sachi , Yamamoto Takayuki , Otani Sayo , Wicaksono Krishna Pandu , Ikeda Satoshi , Ito Shuichi , Maki Takakuni , Liu Wei , Nakamoto Yuji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We compared quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with wave-CAIPI 9 × (QSM_WC9 ×) with reference standard QSM with GRAPPA 2 × (QSM_G2 ×) in two MR scanners. We also compared detectability of microbleeds in both QSMs to demonstrate clinical feasibility of both QSMs.

Materials and methods
This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board and written informed consent was obtained from each subject. Healthy subjects were recruited to evaluate intra-scanner reproducibility, inter-scanner consistency, and inter-sequence consistency of QSM_G2 × and QSM_WC9 × at 2 MR scanners. Susceptibility values measured with volume of interests (VOIs) were evaluated. Patients who were requested for susceptibility weighted imaging were also recruited in this study to measure microbleeds on QSM_G2 × and QSM_WC9 × . The number of microbleeds was compared between two QSMs.

Results
Total 55 healthy subjects (male 34, female 21, 38.3 years [23–79]) were included in this study. We investigated reproducibility and consistency of QSM_WC9 × by comparing reference standard QSM_G2 × in two MR scanners in this study, and high correlation (ρ, 0.93–0.97) and high intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (0.97–0.99) were obtained. Sixty patients (male 30, female 30; age, 55.4 years [21–85]) were finally enrolled in this prospective study. The ICC of the detected number of microbleeds between QSM_G2 × and QSM_WC9 × was 0.99 (0.98–0.99).

Conclusion
QSM_WC9 × and reference standard QSM_G2 × in two MR scanners showed good reproducibility and consistency in estimating magnetic susceptibilities. QSM_WC9 × and QSM_G2 × were also comparable in terms of microbleeds detection with good agreement of raters and high ICC.
Cisternal Blood Clearance Attenuates Systemic Inflammatory Response After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Bissolo Marco , Csók Istvan , Scheiwe Christian , Grauvogel Jürgen , Beck Jürgen , Rohr Eva , Buttler Klaus-Jürgen , Reinacher Peter C. , Roelz Roland 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) frequently triggers systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS has been associated with inferior outcomes and, specifically, delayed cerebral infarction after aneurysmal SAH. Here, we assess the impact of intracranial blood clearance through stereotactic catheter ventriculocisternostomy on SIRS in patients with aneurysmal SAH.

Methods
We assessed daily SIRS criteria (heart rate > 90 beats/min, respiratory rate > 20 breaths/min or abnormal respiratory coefficient, temperature > 38 °C or < 36 °C, white blood cell count < 4000 or > 12,000 cells/mm3) between admission and day 21 in 80 consecutive patients who underwent cisternal lavage through stereotactic catheter ventriculocisternostomy from 2015 to 2022. These patients were compared with 80 matched controls who received treatment at our institution between 2010 and 2015. We conducted a mixed effects model analysis using restricted maximum likelihood estimation to assess the effects of treatment groups on the SIRS rate while accounting for repeated measures. Additionally, Bonferroni’s correction was employed to examine specific differences between groups at different time points.

Results
The mean percentages of patients meeting SIRS criteria during the first 21 days after aneurysmal SAH were 23% in the matched cohort group and 14% in patients who underwent cisternal lavage (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant differences were observed in the mean leukocyte count (p = 0.047), mean heart rate (p = 0.019), and mean respiratory rate (p = 0.0018) between the two groups. However, there was no significant difference in mean body temperature (p = 0.36).

Conclusions
Intracranial blood clearance and cisternal lavage after aneurysmal SAH is associated with a decline in SIRS prevalence and severity.
Optimization of image shoot timing for cerebral veins 3D-digital subtraction angiography by interventional angiography systems
Authors: Saeki Kazuya , Tamura Takayuki , Kouno Shingo , Nishimaru Eiji , Kiguchi Masao , Mitsuhara Takafumi , Awai Kazuo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract3D-digital subtraction angiography (3D-DSA) is essential for understanding the anatomical structure of cerebral veins, crucial in brain tumor surgery. 3D-DSA produces three-dimensional images of veins by adjusting the X-ray delay time after contrast agent injection, but the delineation of veins varies with the delay in X-ray timing. Our study aimed to refine the delay time using time-enhancement curve (TEC) analysis from 2D-DSA conducted before 3D-DSA imaging. We retrospectively reviewed 26 meningioma patients who underwent cerebral angiography from March 2020 to August 2021. Using 2D-DSA, we analyzed arterial and venous TECs to determine the contrast agent’s peak time and estimated the optimal imaging timing. Cases performed near this optimal time were in Group A, and others in Group B, with cerebral venous pixel values compared between them. TEC analysis identified peak times: internal carotid artery: 2.8 ± 0.7 s, middle cerebral artery (M4): 4.1 ± 0.9 s, superior sagittal sinus: 8.3 ± 1.1 s, sigmoid sinus: 9.5 ± 1.3 s, and venous structures near tumors: 7.3 ± 1.0 s. We observed several veins peaking immediately after arterial contrast passage, suggesting the optimal X-ray delay should incorporate the arterial contrast agent’s transit time. Statistical analysis revealed that Group A, with imaging timed to reflect the contrast agent transit time, demonstrated significantly better contrast effects than Group B. The X-ray delay time for 3D-DSA imaging of cerebral veins can be optimized in angiography systems by incorporating the contrast agent transit time, calculated from TEC analysis of cerebral 2D-DSA images.
Application of CR Iteration Scheme in the Generation of Mandelbrot Sets of $$z^p + \log c^t$$ Function
Authors: Tanveer Muhammad , Gdawiec Krzysztof 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMandelbrot set is one of the most fascinating objects in mathematics, so in the literature, one can find many studies related to this set. Moreover, there are many different extensions and generalizations of the classical Mandelbrot set. The two most popular extensions are the use of various kinds of functions and iterations. In this paper, firstly, we replace the constant c in the classical $$z^p + c$$

z
p

+
c

function used in the definition of Mandelbrot set with $$\log c^t$$

log

c
t

, where $$t \in \mathbb {R}$$

t
∈
R

and $$t \ge 1$$

t
≥
1

. Secondly, we replace the Picard iteration with the CR iteration scheme. For this combination of function and iteration, we prove the escape criterion for the escape-time algorithm used to generate some images of the proposed sets. Moreover, we study the dependency between the iteration’s parameters and two numerical measures (average number of iterations and generation time). We show that this dependency is complex and non-linear.
Emotional Intelligence Profiles among Lesbians, Gays and Bisexuals (LGB) People: Their Influence on Mental Health, Life Satisfaction, Self-esteem and the Development of Sexual Identity
Authors: Cepa-Rodríguez Estíbaliz , Murgiondo Juan Etxeberria 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Many studies have focused recently on the negative impact of homophobia or biphobia, seeking to identify protective factors for the LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) community.

Methods
The present study aims to identify emotional intelligence (EI) profiles among a sample of 1215 LGB people in order to determine whether significant differences exist between them in terms of mental health, life satisfaction, self-esteem, and the development of sexual identity. To analyse the differential effect of EI on the variables, four cluster profiles were defined by combining the three dimensions of EI (attention, clarity, and repair). The first profile had low levels in all three dimensions; the second had high attention and low repair; the third had high general EI and the fourth had low attention and high repair.

Results
Significant differences were observed among profiles (p < .001; η2 = 0.126). Those with high EI indexes reported less anxiety and depression and had better levels of self-esteem, life satisfaction and acceptance of their non-normative sexual identity. Those with low rates in all areas of EI or high levels of attention were at risk of developing psycho-emotional problems.

Discussion
We can conclude that different EI profiles exist among LGB community and that these profiles influence mental health, life satisfaction and self-esteem outcomes and identity development in different ways.

Policy Implications
The findings reported here have practical policy implications for psychoeducational proposals and interventions aimed at improving the experiences of LGB people, particularly in terms of promoting individual characteristics that can help them cope with systematic oppression, such as emotion repair.
Validating an Online Learning Dexterity Survey of University Students’ Online Learning Competence
Authors: Koh Joyce Hwee Ling , Daniel Ben Kei , Ma Rui , Hu Anjin , Mazzocco Patrick 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompetent online learners have dexterity as they can manoeuvre a wide range of learning technologies and online learning strategies to learn successfully. In this study, we approach university students’ online learning competence as ‘online learning dexterity’ or an ability to manage different aspects of online learning with appropriate technological and pedagogical strategies. Aligning with emerging visions of more individualised, flexible, multi-modal, and community-driven experiences through online learning in universities, we operationalised an Online Learning Dexterity Survey instrument that assesses online learning competence through six dimensions: (1) asynchronous learning dexterity (2) synchronous learning dexterity (3) self-directed learning dexterity (4) online collaboration dexterity (5) learning technologies dexterity, and (6) learning access dexterity. Construct validity was established through confirmatory factor analysis of responses from 273 university students and discriminant validity was established through cluster analysis. The three-cluster solution show that learning technologies dexterity and learning access dexterity can be used to identify student profiles with lower confidence in their technical competencies but the other dimensions reveal students’ pedagogical challenges with managing learning, online collaboration, and different online learning modalities. The contributions of online learning dexterity factors to improving the assessment and development of university students’ online learning competency are discussed.
Effects of steeping on fungal contamination and diversity in achi (Barchystegia eurycoma) seeds sold in some selected markets in Lagos state, Nigeria
Authors: Kupoluyi Abiodun Olajumoke , Adelusi Oluwasola Abayomi , Martins Itohan , Omemu Adebukunola Mobolaji , Oyewole Olusola Bandele , Obadina Adewale Olusegun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAchi (Brachystegia eurycoma) seeds are widely used as a thickening agent in traditional Nigerian cuisine. However, the processing methods used for achi seeds can lead to fungal contamination, posing considerable health risks to consumers. This study aims to investigate the effect of water steeping on fungal species contaminating achi seeds sold in some selected markets in Lagos, Nigeria. The achi seeds were steeped by soaking them in water at 37 °C for two days, and the moisture content was subsequently determined. The isolated fungal species were identified using both morphological and molecular techniques. Our findings show that the moisture content (37.82—51.64%) of the steeped achi seeds was higher than that of the unsteeped achi seeds (8.32—15.73%). Seven fungal species were recovered from the achi seeds, including six Aspergillus spp. (A. aculeatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. japonicus, and A. oryzae), along with Rhizopus microsporus. Notably, the steeped samples were found to contain all the seven fungal species whereas the unsteeped achi were contaminated with just four fungal species, namely A. aculeatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and A. niger. Additionally, the steeped achi seeds showed a higher fungal load (4.92 × 103—5.50 × 103 CFU/g) compared to the unsteeped samples (3.39 × 103—5.33 × 103 CFU/g). This current study indicates that steeping increases fungal contamination and diversity in achi seeds, raising concerns about food safety.
A pilot community-based Diabetes Prevention and Management Program for adults with diabetes and prediabetes
Authors: Misra Ranjita , Shawley-Brzoska Samantha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
West Virginia is a rural state with high rates of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and prediabetes. The Diabetes Prevention and Management (DPM) program was a health coach (HC)-led, 12-month community-based lifestyle intervention.

Objective:
The study examined the impact of the DPM program on changes in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) and weight over twelve months among rural adults with diabetes and prediabetes. Program feasibility and acceptability were also explored.

Methods:
An explanatory sequential quantitative and qualitative one-group study design was used to gain insight into the pre- and 12-month changes to health behavior and clinical outcomes. Trained HCs delivered the educational sessions and provided weekly health coaching feedback. Assessments included demographics, clinical, anthropometric, and qualitative focus groups. Participants included 94 obese adults with diabetes (63%) and prediabetes (37%). Twenty-two participated in three focus groups.

Results:
Average attendance was 13.7 ± 6.1 out of 22 sessions. Mean weight loss was 4.4 ± 11.5 lbs at twelve months and clinical improvement in A1C (0.4%) was noted among T2DM adults. Program retention (82%) was higher among older participants and those with poor glycemic control. While all participants connected to a trained HC, only 72% had regular weekly health coaching. Participants reported overall acceptability and satisfaction with the program and limited barriers to program engagement.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that it is feasible to implement an HC-led DPM program in rural communities and improve A1C in T2DM adults. Trained HCs have the potential to be integrated with healthcare teams in rural regions of the United States.
Race, ethnicity, and considerations for data collection and analysis in research studies
Authors: Sharghi Sima , Khalatbari Shokoufeh , Laird Amy , Lapidus Jodi , Enders Felicity T. , Meinzen-Derr Jareen , Tapia Amanda L. , Ciolino Jody D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Research studies involving human subjects require collection of and reporting on demographic data related to race and ethnicity. However, existing practices lack standardized guidelines, leading to misrepresentation and biased inferences and conclusions for underrepresented populations in research studies. For instance, sometimes there is a misconception that self-reported racial or ethnic identity may be treated as a biological variable with underlying genetic implications, overlooking its role as a social construct reflecting lived experiences of specific populations. In this manuscript, we use the We All Count data equity framework, which organizes data projects across seven stages: Funding, Motivation, Project Design, Data Collection, Analysis, Reporting, and Communication. Focusing on data collection and analysis, we use examples – both real and hypothetical – to review common practice and provide critiques and alternative recommendations. Through these examples and recommendations, we hope to provide the reader with some ideas and a starting point as they consider embedding a lens of justice, equity, diversity, and inclusivity from research conception to dissemination of findings.
DARPA’s In the Moment (ITM) Program: Human-Aligned Algorithms for Making Difficult Battlefield Triage Decisions
Authors: Turek Matt 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

DARPA’s In the Moment (ITM) program seeks to develop algorithmic decision makers for battlefield triage that are aligned with key decision-making attributes of trusted humans. ITM also seeks to develop a quantitative alignment score (based on the decision-making attributes) as a method for establishing appropriate trust in algorithmic decision-making systems. ITM is interested in a specific notion of trust, specifically the willingness of a human to delegate difficult decision-making to an algorithmic system. While the AI community often identifies technical performance characteristics (e.g., error rate) as trust factors for autonomous systems, ITM focuses on human attributes and characteristics (e.g., risk tolerance, rule following, or other personality characteristics; subject matter expertise; and human values to name a few) that could be encoded into algorithmic systems. This presentation will provide an overview of ITM program, including the quantitative alignment framework that will produce an alignment score between the human trustor and algorithmic trustee, as well as the evaluation planned to assess the contribution of alignment to the willingness to delegate.

Learning Objectives
Define how difficult decisions are understood in the context of the In the Moment program.
Describe the role of trust and decision-maker alignment for the In the Moment program.
Discuss the elements of the In the Moment evaluation, including the role of human delegation of difficult decisions.
EU Regulatory Polity 3.0 for Compliance with the Rule of Law: When Depoliticising Goals Lead to Uneven Politicisation
Authors: Coman Ramona , Puleo Leonardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since limiting judicial independence in Hungary and Poland, the politics of the rule of law crisis have been examined by various scholars discussing conflicts within and between EU and domestic institutions. The rule of law is no longer a purely national affair – it is of high political salience both for the Member States and the EU polity. The question addressed here is: how has the rule of law crisis reshaped the EU’s modes of governance? We argue that to safeguard this common value, the EU is evolving into a regulatory polity (3.0). This development marks a shift from Majone’s EU regulatory state’s focus on regulating markets (1.0) and regulation in core state powers in times of crises (2.0) to regulation on the core values of the polity (3.0). The article shows that in a context of growing dissensus over the rule of law, EU institutional actors have sought to strengthen “rulemaking,” “rule monitoring” and “rule enforcement” through a regulatory approach anchored in a market logic. It also shows that shifting from the traditional regulatory state 1.0 to regulation in core state powers 2.0, the regulatory polity 3.0 strengthens the EU’s institutional capacity to act when the rule of law is under strain through depoliticised “rule monitoring” and politicised “rulemaking“ and “rule enforcement“ as illustrated in the cases of Hungary and Poland discussed in this article.
Shocks to the System: Electoral Manipulation, Protests and the Evolution of Political Trust in Russia
Authors: Chapman Hannah S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
How do electoral manipulation and resulting anti-fraud protests influence political trust in non-democratic contexts? I leverage the plausibly exogenous variation in the timing of a series of original surveys fielded on nationally representative samples in Russia to understand the impact of political shocks – particularly allegations of electoral fraud and post-election protests – on the evolution of trust in political institutions and individuals. This study demonstrates that allegations of excessive, blatant electoral fraud decrease trust in the autocrat. However, trust rebounds following attendant post-election protests. Finally, I examine the conditional impacts of fraud and protest on trust, finding that updating occurs primarily among those with weak political affiliation.
Real-time bremsstrahlung detector as a monitoring tool for laser–plasma proton acceleration
Authors: Istokskaia Valeria , Lefebvre Benoit , Versaci Roberto , Dreghici Dragana B. , Doria Domenico , Grepl Filip , Olšovcová Veronika , Schillaci Francesco , Stanček Stanislav , Tryus Maksym , Velyhan Andriy , Margarone Daniele , Giuffrida Lorenzo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReal-time evaluation of laser-driven byproducts is crucial for state-of-the-art facilities operating at high repetition rates. This work presents real-time measurements of hard X-rays (bremsstrahlung radiation) generated from the interaction of high-intensity laser pulses with solid targets in the target normal sheath acceleration regime using a scintillator stack detector. The detector offers insights into the effectiveness of laser–plasma interaction through measured fluctuations in bremsstrahlung radiation temperature and scintillation light yield on a shot-to-shot basis. Moreover, a strong correlation of the bremsstrahlung measurements (i.e., temperature and yield) with the cutoff energy of laser-driven protons was observed. The scintillator stack detector serves not only as a diagnostic for online monitoring of the laser–plasma interaction but also as a promising tool for estimating proton energy fluctuations in a non-disruptive manner, which is particularly important when direct proton source characterization is impractical, for example, during experiments aimed at irradiating user samples with the accelerated proton beam.