bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel node navigation surgery in esophageal cancer
Authors: Takeuchi Hiroya , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOver the last 20 years, the sentinel node (SN) concept has been widely applied to the surgical staging of both breast cancer and melanoma. However, the validity of this concept has been controversial for esophageal cancer, because SN mapping for esophageal cancer is not considered to be technically easy because of the complicated multidirectional lymphatic networks of the esophagus and mediastinum. Nevertheless, studies including meta‐analyses indicated that SN mapping may be feasible in early esophageal cancer. Transthoracic esophagectomy with three‐field lymphadenectomy was developed as a potential curative procedure for thoracic esophageal cancer. However, this highly invasive procedure might increase morbidity and reduce patients’ quality of life (QOL) after esophagectomy. Although further validation based on multicenter trials using the standard protocol of SN mapping for esophageal cancer is required, SN navigation surgery would enable us to carry out personalized and limited lymph node dissection which might reduce morbidity and maintain patients’ QOL.
Calcium(II)‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Deactivated Styrenes in Hexafluoroisopropanol
Authors: Qi Chenxiao , Gandon Vincent , Lebœuf David 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA challenging catalytic hydroarylation of highly electron deficient styrenes has been developed on the basis of efficient cooperation between a calcium(II) triflimide salt and hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP). This method affords a large variety of diaryl alkanes, notably diaryl ethanes, in good to excellent yields, and is simple to implement and compatible with various functional groups. Furthermore, DFT calculations and deuterium labeling experiments were conducted to elucidate the function of this promoter system.
Epoxidized and Acrylated Epoxidized Camelina Oils for Ultraviolet‐Curable Wood Coatings
Authors: Li Yonghui , Wang Donghai , Sun Xiuzhi S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCamelina oil contains nearly 90% unsaturated fatty acids and can be modified into functional monomers and polymers for value‐added industrial applications. In this study, we synthesized epoxidized camelina oil (ECO) and acrylated epoxidized camelina oil (AECO) and evaluated their potential applications as ultraviolet (UV)‐curable clear films and wood coatings. ECO and AECO were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance. Curing kinetics, thermal, mechanical, and coating properties of the polymers were investigated. The peak curing time of ECO was 0.51 min and that of AECO was only 0.09 min under UV intensity of 50 mW cm−2. Polymerized AECO (pAECO) exhibited higher glass transition temperature, mechanical strength (storage modulus, Young's modulus, and tensile strength), crosslink density, and gloss value compared with polymerized ECO (pECO). Both pAECO and pECO coatings showed good pencil hardness (6H) and strong adhesion to wood substrates (5B, with 0% chipping off during crosscut tape adhesion test). Compared with corresponding soybean oil polymers, pAECO and pECO had better thermal and mechanical properties, respectively, attributed to their higher monomer functionalities. ECO and AECO are promising candidates for UV‐curable coating applications, which adds value to camelina oilseed feedstock.
Trends in treatment and survival of patients with nonresected, nonmetastatic pancreatic cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: van der Geest Lydia G. M. , van Eijck Casper H. J. , Groot Koerkamp Bas , Lemmens Valery E. P. P. , Busch Olivier R. , Vissers Pauline A. J. , Wilmink Johanna W. , Besselink Marc G. ,   the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundNonresected, nonmetastatic (NR‐M0) pancreatic cancer involves both locally advanced pancreatic cancer and patients who did not undergo resection due to poor health status or patient preference. This study investigates nationwide trends of characteristics, treatment, and survival of patients with NR‐M0 pancreatic cancer.MethodsFrom the Netherlands Cancer Registry, all patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer between 2006 and 2014 were selected. Chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) of NR‐M0 patients were evaluated for 3‐year time periods and 2 age groups using chi‐square tests for trend and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis.ResultsOf 18 234 patients, 33% had NR‐M0 pancreatic cancer, which decreased over time (in consecutive 3‐year periods: 38%‐33%‐28%, P < 0.001). Of 5964 NR‐M0 patients, 52% was over 75 years of age, 16% received chemotherapy, and median OS was 5.1 months. Chemotherapy use increased over time in younger patients (<75 years: from 23 to 36%, P‐trend < 0.001, ≥75 years: 3% to 4%, P‐trend = 0.053). In multivariable survival analysis, elderly age, low SES, nonconfirmed cancer, stage II‐III disease, and earlier years of diagnosis were independently associated with a worse OS. Age of patients who received chemotherapy increased over time (median 62‐66 years) and median OS was 10.4 months without significant differences between time periods (P = 0.177) or age groups (P = 0.207).ConclusionsOverall survival of NR‐M0 pancreatic cancer remains poor which is partly related to advanced age of many patients. Despite an increase, chemotherapy is infrequently used. Future research should investigate to what extent the more widespread use of chemotherapy could improve survival in relation to age‐related morbidity.
TGF‐β‐mediated exosomal lnc‐MMP2‐2 regulates migration and invasion of lung cancer cells to the vasculature by promoting MMP2 expression
Authors: Wu Dong‐ming , Deng Shi‐hua , Liu Teng , Han Rong , Zhang Ting , Xu Ying 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPrevious studies indicated that transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β‐mediated exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells; however, whether and how TGF‐β‐mediated exosomal long noncoding (lnc) RNAs regulate migration and invasion of lung cancer cells remains unclear. Here, coculture experiments showed that TGF‐β pretreatment increased the migration and invasion potential of lung cancer cells and TGF‐β pretreated A549 cells increases vascular permeability. Furthermore, we found that TGF‐β‐mediated exosomes, as carriers of intercellular communication, regulated lung cancer invasion, and vascular permeability. Transcriptional analysis also revealed that lnc‐MMP2‐2 was highly enriched in TGF‐β‐mediated exosomes and might function by increasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 through its enhancer activity, with ectopic expression and silencing of lnc‐MMP2‐2 affecting lung cancer invasion and vascular permeability. Additionally, lnc‐MMP2‐2 and MMP2 expression was assessed semiquantitatively, and tissue‐specific correlations between lnc‐MMP2‐2 and MMP2 expression were evaluated. These results suggested that exosomal lnc‐MMP2‐2 might regulate the migration and invasion of lung cancer cells into the vasculature by promoting MMP2 expression, suggesting this lncRNA as a novel therapeutic target and predictive marker of tumor metastasis in lung cancer.
2,3‐Dihydrofurans as Potential Cytotoxic and Antibacterial Agents: Tandem Knoevenagel−Michael Cyclization for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrofurans by Using α‐Tosyloxy Ketone Precursors
Authors: Kashanna Jajula , Kumar Rathod Aravind , Kishore Ravada , Kumar Duddukuri Nandan , Kumar Alleni Suman 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNovel 2,3‐dihydrofuran derivatives were synthesized through a tandem Knoevenagel−Michael cyclization in good yield by reacting α‐tosyloxy ketone, 5,5‐dimethyl‐1,3‐cyclohexanedione, and various aldehydes in the presence of phthalazine in acetonitrile. These compounds were subjected to in vitro antibacterial screening against eight micro‐organisms by using diffusion method and also in vitro cytotoxicity screening against four human cancerous cell lines by applying MTT assay. Some of the compounds showed impressive activities.
Reversible Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles Catalyzed by Bimetallic Nanoparticles Encapsulated in MIL‐100(Fe)
Authors: Zhang Jia‐Wei , Li Dan‐Dan , Lu Guo‐Ping , Deng Tao , Cai Chun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPd−Ni bimetallic nanoparticles (BMNPs) encapsulated in MIL‐100(Fe) (Pd‐Ni@MIL‐100(Fe) was fabricated and employed as an efficient catalyst for the reversible dehydrogenation/hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles derivatives in water under mild conditions. Excellent catalytic performance for both reactions endows Pd‐Ni@MIL‐100(Fe) great potential value in organic chemistry. Alloying Pd with Ni can enhance the catalytic performance due to the bimetallic synergy. Both Lewis acidity and ordered mesoporous structure of MIL‐100(Fe) are beneficial to the performance of the catalyst owing to its stabilization of BMNPs, reduction of the electron density of Pd atoms and enhancement of substrates adsorption capacity.
Anodic Degradation of Lignin at Active Transition Metal‐based Alloys and Performance‐enhanced Anodes
Authors: Zirbes Michael , Schmitt Dominik , Beiser Nicole , Pitton Dominik , Hoffmann Thorsten , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElectrochemical oxidative degradation is one of the most promising methods for generation of phenolic fine chemicals from the renewable feedstock lignin. High selectivity, no reagent waste, as well as cost efficiency are major advantages of this particular process. Application of Ni‐ and Co‐based anode materials led to the best results in respect to product yield and selectivity. Interestingly, repeated use of Ni foam electrodes for electrochemical oxidative degradation resulted in significantly increased yields of vanillin, indicating a modification of the electrode surface. In particular, activation of the electrodes by electrochemical treatment of black liquor enabled an activation which further increased the electrocatalytic activity as well as the yield of the aroma chemical vanillin up to more than 100 % compared to non‐activated Ni foam electrodes. Additionally, this activated electrode surface was analyzed via flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow surface desorption mass spectrometry (FAPA‐MS). The measurement revealed diaminotoluene as a major compound in this adsorption layer, which indicates that this compound is partly responsible for the activation process. Most likely, electrochemical induced deposition of such an organic surface layer enhances the lipophilicity of the electrode surface and increases the accessibility of relevant structural features of lignin particles to the anodic surface, resulting in a higher yield of the desired degradation product vanillin.
Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy: A Powerful Technique to Directly Study Small Gas Molecules Adsorbed in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Wong Y. T. Angel , Martins Vinicius , Lucier Bryan E. G. , Huang Yining 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential in gas separation and storage, and the design of MOFs for these purposes is an on‐going field of research. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy is a valuable technique for characterizing these functional materials. It can provide a wide range of structural and motional insights that are complementary to and/or difficult to access with alternative methods. In this Concept article, the recent advances made in SSNMR investigations of small gas molecules (i.e., carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen gas and light hydrocarbons) adsorbed in MOFs are discussed. These studies demonstrate the breadth of information that can be obtained by SSNMR spectroscopy, such as the number and location of guest adsorption sites, host–guest binding strengths and guest mobility. The knowledge acquired from these experiments yields a powerful tool for progress in MOF development.
A Unified Approach to Customized Chiral Carbon‐Bridged ansa‐Metallocenes
Authors: Wiesler Stefan , Bau Michael A. , Younas Sara L. , Luu Hieu‐Trinh , Kratzert Daniel , Streuff Jan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChiral ansa‐metallocenes are privileged catalysts for a range of stereoselective transformations. Their synthesis, however, has remained a tremendous challenge, which has prevented a broad and systematic exploration for applications in synthesis and catalysis. A modular approach to such ansa‐metallocenes that enables a facile modification of the ring substitution and the ligand bridge, as well as the introduction of various core metals, is described. The complexes were formed with good rac‐selectivity and could be isolated with high purity. The strength of the approach was demonstrated by the synthesis of several new and previously known complexes, including a unique helical chiral ansa‐metallocene. Using a chiral ligand, a moderate central‐to‐planar chirality transfer was observed.
The Curtius Rearrangement: Applications in Modern Drug Discovery and Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Brindisi Margherita , Sarkar Anindya 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Curtius rearrangement is the thermal decomposition of an acyl azide derived from carboxylic acid to produce an isocyanate as the initial product. The isocyanate can undergo further reactions to provide amines and their derivatives. Due to its tolerance for a large variety of functional groups and complete retention of stereochemistry during rearrangement, the Curtius rearrangement has been used in the synthesis of a wide variety of medicinal agents with amines and amine‐derived functional groups such as ureas and urethanes. The current review outlines various applications of the Curtius rearrangement in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. In particular, the review highlights some widely used rearrangement methods, syntheses of some key agents for popular drug targets and FDA‐approved drugs. In addition, the review highlights applications of the Curtius rearrangement in continuous‐flow protocols for the scale‐up of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Interactions of phenethylamine‐derived psychoactive substances of the 2C‐series with human monoamine oxidases
Authors: Wagmann Lea , Brandt Simon D. , Stratford Alexander , Maurer Hans H. , Meyer Markus R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPsychoactive substances of the 2C‐series (2Cs) are phenethylamine‐derived designer drugs that can induce psychostimulant and hallucinogenic effects. Chemically, the classic 2Cs contain two methoxy groups in positions 2 and 5 of the phenyl ring, whereas substances of the so‐called FLY series contain rigidified methoxy groups integrated in a 2,3,6,7‐tetrahydrobenzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b’]difuran core. One of the pharmacological features that has not been investigated in detail is the inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO). Inhibition of this enzyme can cause elevated monoamine levels that have been associated with adverse events such as agitation, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, hypertension, or seizures. The aim of this study was to extend the knowledge surrounding the potential of MAO inhibition for 17 test drugs, which consisted of 12 2Cs (2C‐B, 2C‐D, 2C‐E, 2C‐H, 2C‐I, 2C‐N, 2C‐P, 2C‐T‐2, 2C‐T‐7, 2C‐T‐21, bk‐2C‐B, and bk‐2C‐I) and five FLY analogs (2C‐B‐FLY, 2C‐E‐FLY, 2C‐EF‐FLY, 2C‐I‐FLY, and 2C‐T‐7‐FLY). The extent of MAO inhibition was assessed using an established in vitro procedure based on heterologously expressed enzymes and analysis by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–high resolution tandem mass spectrometry. Thirteen test drugs showed inhibition potential for MAO‐A and 11 showed inhibition of MAO‐B. In cases where MAO‐A IC50 values were determined, values ranged from 10 to 125 μM (7 drugs) and from 1.7 to 180 μM for MAO‐B (9 drugs). In the absence of detailed clinical information on most test drugs, it is concluded that a pharmacological contribution of MAO inhibition cannot be excluded and that further studies are warranted.
A rapid non‐target screening method for determining prohibited substances in human urine using liquid chromatography/high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Han Boyoung , Min Hophil , Jeon Mijin , Kang Byeori , Son Junghyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTarget analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry is applied for rapidly detecting various prohibited doping substances. Frequent modification is required as additional substances are prohibited. We developed and validated a non‐target screening method requiring no further modification because it analyzes the full spectrum of data in fixed m/z ranges. Urine samples were extracted using solid‐phase extraction and analyzed by employing a method that combines full scan and variable data independent acquisition using high‐resolution mass spectrometry; and all prohibited substances in the urine samples were successfully detected using our screening method. The method was validated in terms of specificity (no interferences), recoveries (29%–131%), matrix effects (35%–237%), limites of detection (0.0002–100 ng/mL), and intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (coefficients of variation lower than 25%). The applicability of this method to doping tests was evaluated by analyzing 14 urine samples. As a result, the non‐target screening method is efficient for conducting anti‐doping tests because it can be applied without any further modification to prohibited drugs as well as to unknown targets that can be prohibited in the future.
A spatially explicit hierarchical model to characterize population viability
Authors: Campbell Steven P. , Zylstra Erin R. , Darst Catherine R. , Averill‐Murray Roy C. , Steidl Robert J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMany of the processes that govern the viability of animal populations vary spatially, yet population viability analyses (PVAs) that account explicitly for spatial variation are rare. We develop a PVA model that incorporates autocorrelation into the analysis of local demographic information to produce spatially explicit estimates of demography and viability at relatively fine spatial scales across a large spatial extent. We use a hierarchical, spatial, autoregressive model for capture–recapture data from multiple locations to obtain spatially explicit estimates of adult survival (ϕad), juvenile survival (ϕjuv), and juvenile‐to‐adult transition rates (ψ), and a spatial autoregressive model for recruitment data from multiple locations to obtain spatially explicit estimates of recruitment (R). We combine local estimates of demographic rates in stage‐structured population models to estimate the rate of population change (λ), then use estimates of λ (and its uncertainty) to forecast changes in local abundance and produce spatially explicit estimates of viability (probability of extirpation, Pex). We apply the model to demographic data for the Sonoran desert tortoise (Gopherus morafkai) collected across its geographic range in Arizona. There was modest spatial variation in (0.94–1.03), which reflected spatial variation in (0.85–0.95), (0.70–0.89), and (0.07–0.13). Recruitment data were too sparse for spatially explicit estimates; therefore, we used a range‐wide estimate ( = 0.32 1‐yr‐old females per female per year). Spatial patterns in demographic rates were complex, but , , and tended to be lower and higher in the northwestern portion of the range. Spatial patterns in Pex varied with local abundance. For local abundances >500, Pex was near zero (<0.05) across most of the range after 100 yr; as abundances decreased, however, Pex approached one in the northwestern portion of the range and remained low elsewhere. When local abundances were <50, western and southern populations were vulnerable (Pex > 0.25). This approach to PVA offers the potential to reveal spatial patterns in demography and viability that can inform conservation and management at multiple spatial scales, provide insight into scale‐related investigations in population ecology, and improve basic ecological knowledge of landscape‐level phenomena.
A pilot open trial of UNITE‐BED: A couple‐based intervention for binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Runfola Cristin D. , Kirby Jennifer S. , Baucom Donald H. , Fischer Melanie S. , Baucom Brian R. W. , Matherne Camden E. , Pentel Kimberly Z. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a couple‐based intervention for binge‐eating disorder (BED), called UNiting couples In the Treatment of Eating disorders‐BED edition (UNITE‐BED).MethodIn an open pilot trial, 11 couples in which one or both adult partners had a diagnosis of DSM‐5 threshold or sub‐threshold BED participated in 22 weekly sessions of UNITE‐BED. Patients also received individual treatment, outside of the context of the trial. Couples completed measures on treatment satisfaction, eating disorder symptom severity, depression, anxiety, emotion regulation, and relational functioning at post‐treatment and 3‐month follow‐up. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify change over the course of treatment.ResultsUNITE was feasible and acceptable to the majority of couples (9% dropout; high satisfaction ratings). Objective binge abstinence was 81.8% and subjective binge abstinence was 45.5% by post‐treatment. Patient binge‐eating symptomatology reduced over the course of treatment with results maintained at follow up. Patients' depression symptoms decreased and patients' emotion regulation improved at both time points.DiscussionIncluding partners in treatment for BED may be beneficial. Results support further evaluation of the efficacy of couple‐based interventions for BED in larger randomized‐controlled trials.
Effectiveness of body image directed interventions in patients with anorexia nervosa: A systematic review
Authors: Ziser Katrin , Mölbert Simone Claire , Stuber Felicitas , Giel Katrin Elisabeth , Zipfel Stephan , Junne Florian 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveBody image (BI) disturbances are one of the core symptoms of anorexia nervosa (AN). They have been shown to be associated with depression and anxiety at all treatment stages and are a reliable predictor of relapse. Considering the importance for the course of AN, direct targeting of BI disturbances is still underemphasized in the treatment of patients with AN.MethodIn this systematic review, conducted according to the PRISMA statement, the evidence on BI directed interventions in AN is synthesized.Results
N = 11 studies investigating mirror exposure, video confrontation, virtual reality body exposure and treatment programs were analyzed. No systematic risk of bias within or across studies could be identified. The included studies show that BI directed interventions may be efficacious in improving BI related outcomes. However, the evidence regarding an additional effect of BI interventions added to established treatments for patients with AN, is unclear.DiscussionThe evidence base on BI interventions for patients with AN is scarce. It is not possible to identify types of BI intervention that can be seen as the most promising. Advantages of new technologies such as virtual reality or a combination of BI interventions with techniques for stress reduction are discussed.