bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of Detection Rates for Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer Using MRI‐Targeted Biopsy Alone Versus in Combination With Systematic Biopsies: Development of a Risk‐Stratification Scoring System
Authors: Takahashi Toshifumi , Nakashima Masakazu , Maruno Kouhei , Hazama Tatsuya , Yamada Yuya , Kikkawa Kazuro , Umeoka Shigeaki , Tamaki Masahiro , Ito Noriyuki 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo compare the detection rates for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa; grade group 2 or higher disease) using MRI‐targeted biopsy (MRI‐TB) versus systematic biopsy (SB) or their combination, and identify risk factors for detecting csPCa in MRI‐TB with systematic transrectal (TR)/transperineal (TP) biopsies (sTR/TP‐bx) and MRI‐TB with sTP‐bx.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 216 patients who underwent MRI‐TB with SB at our hospital between September 2020 and December 2023 and compared clinical characteristics for patients with and without prostate cancer.ResultscsPCa was detected in 132 (61.1%) patients by MRI‐TB with sTR/TP‐bx, in 121 (56.0%) patients using MRI‐TB with sTP‐bx, and in 101 (46.8%) patients using MRI‐TB. Older age, higher PSA density (PSAD), smaller prostate volume, region of interest in the peripheral zone, higher Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS), and administration of dutasteride were more common in csPCa cases. A scoring system was constructed based on odds ratios for PSAD, PI‐RADS ≥ 4, and administration of dutasteride; accordingly, the detection rate of csPCa was 20.3% (14/69) in the low‐risk group (RG) and 95.5% (42/44) in high RG for MRI‐TB with sTR/TP‐bx, and 16.7% (12/72) in the low RG and 97.8% (45/46) in high RG for MRI‐TB with sTP‐Bx.ConclusionsThe addition of SB increased the detection rate of csPCa compared with MRI‐TB alone. PSAD, PI‐RADS ≥ 4, and administration of dutasteride significantly affect the detection of csPCa using MRI‐TB with SB and can be used for deciding whether to perform a biopsy or include sTR‐bx with MRI‐TB.
A novel operational reliability and state prediction method based on degradation hidden Markov model with random threshold
Authors: Jiang Chenyu , Chen Qiang , Lei Baimao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBearings are widely used as a common mechanical component and significantly impacts the reliability and safety of various engineering equipment. In the field of large‐scale equipment such as wind turbines, statistical data for reliability and state prediction of bearings is usually limited, leading to the inapplicability of traditional statistical methods. Besides, individual differences commonly exist among bearings, and the appropriate failure threshold for a specific bearing is difficult to be determined due to the individual uncertainty, which may induce prediction errors. To address these issues, a novel operational reliability and state prediction method based on random threshold degradation hidden Markov model was proposed in the study. The traditional hidden Markov model was improved by considering the effect of performance degradation on state transition probability matrix. Moreover, random failure thresholds of performance degradation were employed to describe individual differences between bearings. The operational reliability and state of bearings was obtained by comprehensive analysis of prediction results under different failure thresholds. Verification of the proposed operational reliability and state prediction method were conducted using PHM2012 bearing operation data. The results underscored the effectiveness of the proposed method in achieving a comparatively high accuracy in operational reliability prediction without the prerequisite of an exact failure threshold, when contrasted with several established reliability and life prediction techniques.
A crisis of authenticity: Becoming entrepreneurial and the quest for “cultural appropriateness” among the Mapuche
Authors: Gálvez Marcelo González , Gallegos Fernanda , Turén Valentina , Quezada Constanza 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBased on multisite ethnographic work between 2018 and 2020, this article examines entrepreneurship promotion policies developed by the Chilean state directed at Mapuche people. We direct attention to how the notion of authenticity works as a hinge between Mapuche people, historical heritage, nongovernmental organizations, and public policymakers in their promotion of microentrepreneurship as a form of overcoming poverty and achieving full inclusion of Indigenous people in Chilean society. The negotiation processes concerning authenticity bring together people's aspiration to become entrepreneurs as authentic Mapuche and those seeking to initiate a “proper Mapuche business.” Authenticity, its recognition and contestation, appears as a central tenet in the formation of a particular entrepreneurial self that combines entrepreneurs' aspirations for a better life with a simultaneous seeking of an appropriate sense of being Mapuche, with acknowledgment from others. In the process, the meaning of authenticity goes beyond a primordialist understanding of the term, acquiring polysemy and affecting the arena of Indigenous entrepreneurship, as other aspects of contemporary Mapuche lives.
Understanding Language Learning Motivation from a Dual Analytical Lens: Combining Activity Theory and Life Capital
Authors: Tajabadi Azar , Consoli Sal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSecond language (L2) motivation has long been regarded as one of the requisites for and predictors of success in L2 learning. The scholarship on L2 motivation has grown steadily over the past 60 years, yielding several theories through a range of methods. Building upon this tradition, this paper proposes a methodological contribution to the thriving L2 motivation research arena. Specifically, we suggest a new analytical approach which combines Activity Theory with the methodological lens of ‘life capital'. We illustrate this approach through an L2 learner's narrative, taken from a larger study, with a focus on their experience of learning English over thirteen years. We argue that adopting life capital as an additional analytical layer alongside Activity Theory not only allows us to tackle methodological challenges previously associated with Activity Theory, but also offers a more nuanced understanding of motivational trajectories in L2 learning.
Complete atrioventricular septal defect with double orifice mitral valve in a calf with congestive heart failure
Authors: Atkins Christian , Strugnell Benjamin , Fingerhood Sai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA 3–4‐week‐old, suckler, bull calf from Durham County, United Kingdom died due to congestive heart failure. Postmortem examination identified a Type C complete atrioventricular septal defect with concurrent double orifice mitral valve as the cause of the heart failure. Both atrioventricular septal defects and double orifice mitral valves have only rarely been reported in cattle, and never concurrently, to the authors’ knowledge.
Hofstadter Butterflies and Metal/Insulator Transitions for Moiré Heterostructures
Authors: Becker Simon , Ge Lingrui , Wittsten Jens 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe consider a tight-binding model recently introduced by Timmel and Mele (Phys Rev Lett 125:166803, 2020) for strained moiré heterostructures. We consider two honeycomb lattices to which layer antisymmetric shear strain is applied to periodically modulate the tunneling between the lattices in one distinguished direction. This effectively reduces the model to one spatial dimension and makes it amenable to the theory of matrix-valued quasi-periodic operators. We then study the charge transport and spectral properties of this system, explaining the appearance of a Hofstadter-type butterfly and the occurrence of metal/insulator transitions that have recently been experimentally verified for non-interacting moiré systems (Wang et al. in Nature 577:42–46, 2020). For sufficiently incommensurable moiré lengths, described by a diophantine condition, as well as strong coupling between the lattices, which can be tuned by applying physical pressure, this leads to the occurrence of localization phenomena.
Infinite combinatorics revisited in the absence of Axiom of choice
Authors: Csernák Tamás , Soukup Lajos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe investigate whether classical combinatorial theorems are provable in ZF. Some statements are not provable in ZF, but they are equivalent within ZF. For example, the following statements (i)–(iii) are equivalent:

$$cf({\omega }_1)={\omega }_1$$

c
f

(

ω
1

)

=

ω
1

,

$${\omega }_1\rightarrow ({\omega }_1,{\omega }+1)^2$$

ω
1

→

(

ω
1

,
ω
+
1
)

2

,

any family $$\mathcal {A}\subset [{On}]^{<{\omega }}$$

A
⊂

[

On

]

<
ω

of size $${\omega }_1$$

ω
1

contains a $$\Delta $$
Δ
-system of size $${\omega }_1$$

ω
1

.

Some classical results cannot be proven in ZF alone; however, we can establish weaker versions of these statements within the framework of ZF, such as

$${{\omega }_2}\rightarrow ({\omega }_1,{\omega }+1)$$

ω
2

→

(

ω
1

,
ω
+
1
)

,

any family $$\mathcal {A}\subset [{On}]^{<{\omega }}$$

A
⊂

[

On

]

<
ω

of size $${\omega }_2$$

ω
2

contains a $$\Delta $$
Δ
-system of size $${\omega }_1$$

ω
1

.

Some statements can be proven in ZF using purely combinatorial arguments, such as:

given a set mapping $$F:{\omega }_1\rightarrow {[{\omega }_1]}^{<{\omega }}$$

F
:

ω
1

→

[

ω
1

]

<
ω

, the set $${\omega }_1$$

ω
1

has a partition into $${\omega }$$
ω
-many F-free sets.

Other statements can be proven in ZF by employing certain methods of absoluteness, for example:

given a set mapping $$F:{\omega }_1\rightarrow {[{\omega }_1]}^{<{\omega }}$$

F
:

ω
1

→

[

ω
1

]

<
ω

, there is an F-free set of size $${\omega }_1$$

ω
1

,

for each $$n\in {\omega }$$

n
∈
ω

, every family $$\mathcal {A}\subset {[{\omega }_1]}^{{\omega }}$$

A
⊂

[

ω
1

]

ω

with $$|A\cap B|\le n$$

|
A
∩
B
|
≤
n

for $$\{A,B\}\in {[\mathcal {A}]}^{2}$$

{
A
,
B
}

∈

[
A
]

2

has property B.

In contrast to statement (5), we show that the following ZFC theorem of Komjáth is not provable from ZF + $$cf({\omega }_1)={\omega }_1$$

c
f

(

ω
1

)

=

ω
1

:

(6$$ ^*$$

∗

)

every family $$\mathcal {A}\subset {[{\omega }_1]}^{{\omega }}$$

A
⊂

[

ω
1

]

ω

with $$|A\cap B|\le 1$$

|
A
∩
B
|
≤
1

for $$\{A,B\}\in {[\mathcal {A}]}^{2}$$

{
A
,
B
}

∈

[
A
]

2

is essentially disjoint.

A function f is a uniform denumeration on$${\omega }_1$$

ω
1

iff $${\text {dom}}(f)={\omega }_1$$

dom

(
f
)

=

ω
1

, and for every $$1\le {\alpha }<{\omega }_1$$

1
≤
α
<

ω
1

, $$f({\alpha })$$

f
(
α
)

is a function from $${\omega }$$
ω
onto $${\alpha }$$
α
. It is easy to see that the existence of a uniform denumeration of $${\omega }_1$$

ω
1

implies $$cf({\omega }_1)={\omega }_1$$

c
f

(

ω
1

)

=

ω
1

. We prove that the failure of the reverse implication is equiconsistent with the existence of an inaccessible cardinal.
Dry spells trigger durian flowering in aseasonal tropics
Authors: Eguchi Aoi , Hassan Noordyana , Numata Shinya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The flowering period of durian is influenced by weather conditions such as prolonged drought and low temperatures. However, the specific criteria and durations of these conditions remain unclear. This study aimed to identify weather conditions that trigger durian flowering by monitoring its phenology and analyzing the relationship between minimum temperature and rainfall using two types of durian— grafting type and seed-grown type. Three flowering events were observed in 2022 and two in 2023. Considering there were no differences in the number or timing of flowering events among the two types, it suggests that genetic background differences do not influence flowering phenology. All flowering events were best explained using the 15-day moving average of rainfall, with the peak of the first flowering occurring approximately 50 days after the 15-day moving average of rainfall fell below 1 mm. These results suggest that drought accumulation over approximately 15 days may trigger the induction of durian flower buds. However, no correlation was determined between the minimum temperature and the first flowering date. These findings indicate that durian flowering is induced by milder drought conditions than those previously proposed. Differences in variety and climate may have led to results different from those reported in earlier studies. Long-term monitoring across multiple sites and varieties is required to discuss these differences further.
Primary hepatic alpha-fetoprotein-producing neuroendocrine neoplasm harboring FGFR2 and TP53 mutations: a case report and literature review
Authors: Watanabe Hirofumi , Enda Kodai , Fujishima Fumiyoshi , Shirota Hidekazu , Ninomiya Masashi , Yamazaki Tetsuro , Sasano Hironobu , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This report presents a rare case of a 45-year-old man diagnosed with a primary hepatic alpha-fetoprotein-producing neuroendocrine neoplasm, a condition rarely reported in the literature. The patient presented with initial symptoms of back and epigastric pain, after which multiple liver lesions were discovered on contrast-enhanced computed tomography, suggesting intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the diagnosis of alpha-fetoprotein-producing neuroendocrine neoplasm that was further supported by genetic testing, which revealed FGFR2 and TP53 mutations commonly encountered in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Despite receiving various chemotherapeutic regimens, the patient exhibited a progressive disease. This case underscores the importance of accurate differential diagnosis from hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma due to differences in treatment approaches and prognoses and highlights the necessity for increased awareness of AFP-producing primary hepatic neuroendocrine neoplasms among clinicians and pathologists. It emphasizes the significance of comprehensive histopathological evaluation, immunohistochemical profiling, and genetic analysis for precise diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies. Further research is warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this rare liver tumor subtype and develop targeted treatments.
The protein transition—environmental footprints of farmed fish, microalgae and chicken for food, a case study in Kenya
Authors: Hu Xiaolu , Soma Katrine , Odinga Benson , Obwanga Benson , Agricola Herman , Kanyuguto Charles Mbauni 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChallenges of land scarcity, climate change and water shortage are contributing to escalating the shortage of protein rich food in sub-Saharan Africa. In Kenya a total of 27.8% of the population was undernourished, and a total of 72.3% were categorised as moderately or severe food insecure in 2021–2022. The need to investigate alternative protein sources with less impacts on land, water and climate change, which potentially could replace, at least some of the current production of livestock as the main protein source, is getting increasingly urgent. The main aim of this study is therefore to conduct an environmental footprint analysis of favourable protein production systems in Kenya to evaluate environmental impacts on land, water, and climate. The methodological approach used in this study is referred to as environmental footprint analysis, which is applied to assess; (1) farmed fish in ponds, (2) farmed fish in solar based affordable recirculation aquaculture systems (A-RAS), (3) dried spirulina (Arthrospira Platensis), and (4) chicken from semi-intensive farms. The results show that the most promising alternatives to cattle production are dried spirulina produced in ponds, followed by fish produced in affordable recirculation systems (A-RAS) run on solar energy. Spirulina fully replacing beef production would reduce water usage with 34.7 billion m3/year, land/water surface area with 34.8 thousand km2/year, and GHG emission with 28.2 megaton CO2eq/year. For fish farmed in A-RAS, such replacement would reduce water, land and emissions with 30.7 billion m3/year, 32.0 thousand km2/ year and 23.0 megaton CO2eq/year, respectively. This study illustrates that it is possible to tackle urgent challenges of food and nutrition security for millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa and worldwide with a sustainable protein transition towards a more sustainable, inclusive production system of small-scale farmers, if making use of alternative protein sources, such as from solar based A-RAS and microalgae.
Urban informality in Nigeria: a midsized city perspective
Authors: Essien Etido , Jesse Ezekiel Elisha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Midsized cities are important links between rural and urban spaces, providing accessibility to both local and metropolitan resources. They face unique challenges, and present opportunities for smart growth and development. However, the context of housing information in these cities has been widely under-studied, especially in Nigeria, where informality has taken over the urban periphery. This study seeks to develop an empirical understanding of informal housing formation in midsized cities. The empirical data analysis extracted primary data from Uyo, Awka, and Bauchi, which solidified it into an extensive dataset representing the four regions in Nigeria. Emergent informal housing formations resulting from the quest for urban life, low income, long waiting times for urban job opportunities, and free education for schoolchildren influenced by economic hardship were identified. Simultaneously, the prevalence of informal squatting settlements has been identified and largely attributed to urban migrants. The squatting system provides cheap housing and accommodates more migrants. However, its dependence on vulnerable urban migrants raises questions about human rights negligence. This study contributes to the literature on informal settlements in midsized cities in Africa and globally by providing a unique perspective in the context of housing information on these settlements.
Cyproheptadine inhibits in vitro and in vivo lung metastasis and drives metabolic rewiring
Authors: Shannar Ahmad , Sarwar Md Shahid , Dave Parv Dushyant , Chou PoChung Jordan , Peter Rebecca Mary , Xu Jiawei , Pan Yuxin , Rossi Fabio , Kong Ah-Ng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 81% of lung cancer cases, among which over 47% presented with distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis. Despite the introduction of targeted therapy and immunotherapy, enhancing the survival rate and overcoming the development of resistance remain a big challenge. Thus, it is crucial to find potential new therapeutics and targets that can mitigate lung metastasis and investigate its effects on biomarkers, such as cellular metabolomics. In the current study, we investigated the role of cyproheptadine (CPH), an FDA-approved anti-histamine drug in lung metastasis in vitro and in vivo.

Methods and results
CPH showed potent cytotoxicity on different lung cancer cell lines in vitro. Moreover, CPH decreased invasion and migration of LLC1 and A549 cells in Matrigel invasion transwell and plate scratch assays. The in vivo LLC1 syngeneic lung cancer model found decreased number of metastatic nodules on the surface of lungs of Setd7 KO mice compared to SETD7 WT. CPH treatment resulted in decreased growth of LLC1 subcutaneous tumors compared to untreated SETD7 WT. Finally, metabolomic study of tumor tissues showed rewiring of metabolomic pathways and downregulation of amino acids, such as arginine, serine, and glycine) in Setd7 KO and WT treated with CPH compared to untreated Setd7 WT mice.

Conclusion
These findings identify CPH as a potential therapeutic agent to block metastasis in advanced NSCLC and suggest SETD7 as a potential target for the prevention of lung metastasis.
Disability, Affordances, and the Dogma of Harmony: Socializing the EE-Model of Disability
Authors: Kikkert Sophie , Segundo-Ortin Miguel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRecent years have seen increased interest among 4E cognition scholars in physical disability, leading to the development of the EE-model of disability. This paper contributes to the literature on disability and 4E cognition in three key ways. First, it examines the relationship between the EE-model and social constructivist views that address the bodily reality of disablement, highlighting commonalities and distinctions. Second, it critiques the EE-model’s focus on individual strategies for expanding disabled persons’ affordance landscapes, arguing that disability policy should integrate insights from both the EE-model and social constructivist approaches. Finally, it assesses the EE-model against the “dogma of harmony.” We argue that while the EE-model’s focus on active human-environment collaboration is valuable, it can inadvertently perpetuate this dogma. We contend that integrating certain social constructivist insights can help the EE-model avoid the dogma of harmony.
Stemness of Cancer: A Study of Triple-negative Breast Cancer From a Neuroscience Perspective
Authors: Djamgoz Mustafa B. A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStemness, giving cancer cells massive plasticity enabling them to survive in dynamic (e.g. hypoxic) environments and become resistant to treatment, especially chemotherapy, is an important property of aggressive tumours. Here, we review some essentials of cancer stemness focusing on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive form of all breast cancers. TNBC cells express a range of genes and mechanisms associated with stemness, including the fundamental four “Yamanaka factors”. Most of the evidence concerns the transcription factor / oncogene c-Myc and an interesting case is the expression of the neonatal splice variant of voltage-gated sodium channel subtype Nav1.5. On the whole, measures that reduce the stemness make cancer cells less aggressive, reducing their invasive/metastatic potential and increasing/restoring their chemosensitivity. Such measures include gene silencing techniques, epigenetic therapies as well as novel approaches like optogenetics aiming to modulate the plasma membrane voltage. Indeed, simply hyperpolarizing their membrane potential can make stem cells differentiate. Finally, we give an overview of the clinical aspects and exploitation of cancer/TNBC stemness, including diagnostics and therapeutics. In particular, personalised mRNA-based therapies and mechanistically meaningful combinations are promising and the emerging discipline of ‘cancer neuroscience’ is providing novel insights to both fundamental issues and clinical applications.
Graphical Abstract
Long-Run Behavior and Convergence of Dynamic Mean Field Equilibria
Authors: Knochenhauer Christoph , Neumann Berenice Anne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe study the behavior of dynamic equilibria in mean field games with large time horizons in a dynamic consumer choice model. We show that if the stationary equilibrium in the associated infinite horizon game is unique, the dynamic equilibria of the finite horizon games converge to the stationary equilibrium of the infinite horizon game as the time horizon tends to infinity. If the stationary equilibrium is not unique, however, the situation becomes more involved. In this case, we show that in addition to convergence to the stationary equilibria, in the long run, the dynamic equilibria circle around randomized stationary equilibria for certain choices of boundary data.
Simple closed curves in inverse limits with set-valued functions
Authors: Juárez-Villa Leonardo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to show an example of an upper semicontinuous function $$f: [0,1]\rightarrow 2^{[0,1]}$$

f
:

[
0
,
1
]

→

2

[
0
,
1
]

with the following properties: (1) The graph of f is an arc, (2) the inverse limit $$\underleftarrow{\lim }\;f$$

lim
←

f

is a continuum, (3) the dimension of $$\underleftarrow{\lim }\;f$$

lim
←

f

is 1, and (4) for each $$n\ge 3$$

n
≥
3

, $$G' _{n}(f)$$

G
n
′

(
f
)

contains a simple closed curve and $$\underleftarrow{\lim }\;f$$

lim
←

f

contains a simple closed curve.