bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collapse of the Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Compartment in Advanced Cutaneous Melanomas by Components of the Tumor Cell Secretome
Authors: Vescovi Raffaella , Monti Matilde , Moratto Daniele , Paolini Lucia , Consoli Francesca , Benerini Luisa , Melocchi Laura , Calza Stefano , Chiudinelli Mariella , Rossi Giulio , Bugatti Mattia , Maio Michele , Fonsatti Ester , Farisoglio Camillo , Simbolo Michele , Almici Camillo , Verardi Rosanna , Scarpa Aldo , Bergese Paolo , Manganoni Ausilia , Facchetti Fabio , Vermi William 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Melanoma is an immunogenic neoplasm infiltrated by T cells, although these adaptive T cells usually fail to eradicate the tumor. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are potent regulators of the adaptive immune response and can eliminate melanoma cells via TLR-mediated effector functions. The PDC compartment is maintained by progressively restricted bone marrow progenitors. Terminally differentiated PDCs exit the bone marrow into the circulation, then home to lymph nodes and inflamed peripheral tissues. Infiltration by PDCs is documented in various cancers. However, their role within the melanoma immune contexture is not completely known. We found that in locoregional primary cutaneous melanoma (PCM), PDC infiltration was heterogeneous, occurred early, and was recurrently localized at the invasive margin, the site where PDCs interact with CD8+ T cells. A reduced PDC density was coupled with an increased Breslow thickness and somatic mutations at the NRAS p.Q61 codon. Compared with what was seen in PCM, high numbers of PDCs were found in regional lymph nodes, as also identified by in silico analysis. In contrast, in metastatic melanoma patients, PDCs were mostly absent in the tumor tissues and were significantly reduced in the circulation, particularly in the advanced M1c group. Exposure of circulating PDCs to melanoma cell supernatant (SN-mel) depleted of extracellular vesicles resulted in significant PDC death. SN-mel exposure also resulted in a defect of PDC differentiation from CD34+ progenitors. These findings indicate that soluble components released by melanoma cells support the collapse of the PDC compartment, with clinical implications for refining TLR agonist–based trials.
Homeland's Agenda: Electoral Autocracy (The Venezuelan Case,
2016)
Authors: Balteo-Yazbeck Alessandro , Alenso Ana 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Homeland's Agenda: Electoral Autocracy (The Venezuelan Case, 2016), a video-collage transcript, creates a general equivalence of media—public government broadcasting, propaganda, diverse Internet corporate news channels, pop music lyrics, video testimonials of disparate polish—so that each successive clip does not dominate the others. The result is a distillation of content lead by form and supported by a transcript translation that reveals a complex situation that is otherwise unreachable for audiences not initiated into the Venezuelan geopolitical context. The sourced material spans the period from 2011 to 2016, bearing witness to the emergence of a national humanitarian crisis and ensuing civil protests that, in 2017, prompted government repression by means of the police, the military, and the media.
Sill-Influenced Exchange Flows in Ice Shelf Cavities
Authors: Zhao Ken X. , Stewart Andrew L. , McWilliams James C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBathymetric sills are important features in the ocean-filled cavities beneath a few fast-retreating ice shelves in West Antarctica and northern Greenland. The sills can be high enough to obstruct the cavity circulation and thereby modulate glacial melt rates. This study focuses on the idealized problem of diabatically driven, sill-constrained overturning circulation in a cavity. The circulation beneath fast-melting ice shelves can generally be characterized by an inflow of relatively warm dense water (with temperatures of a few degrees Celsius above the local freezing point) at depth and cold, less-dense, outflowing water, which exhibits an approximately two-layer structure in observations. We use a two-layer isopycnal hydrostatic model to study the cross-sill exchange of these waters in ice shelf cavities wide enough to be rotationally dominated. A quasigeostrophic constraint is determined for the transport imposed by the stratification. Relative to this constraint, the key parameters controlling the transport and its variability are the sill height relative to the bottom layer thickness and the strength of the friction relative to the potential vorticity (PV) gradient imposed by the sill. By varying these two key parameters, we simulate a diversity of flow phenomena. For a given meridional pressure gradient, the cross-sill transport is controlled by sill height beyond a critical threshold in the eddy-permitting, low-friction regime, while it is insensitive to friction in both the low-friction and high-friction regimes. We present theoretical ideas to explain the flow characteristics: a Stommel boundary layer for the friction-dominated regime; mean–eddy PV balances and energy conversion in the low-friction, low-sill regime; and hydraulic control in the low-friction, high-sill regime, with various estimates for transport in each of these regimes.
Short‐ and Long‐term Opioid Use in Patients with Oral and Oropharynx Cancer
Authors: McDermott Jessica D. , Eguchi Megan , Stokes William A. , Amini Arya , Hararah Mohammad , Ding Ding , Valentine Allison , Bradley Cathy J. , Karam Sana D. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveOpioid use and abuse is a national health care crisis, yet opioids remain the cornerstone of pain management in cancer. We sought to determine the risk of acute and chronic opioid use with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) treatment.Study DesignRetrospective population‐based study.SettingSurveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)–Medicare database from 2008 to 2011.Subjects and MethodsIn total, 976 nondistant metastatic oral cavity and oropharynx patients undergoing cancer‐directed treatment enrolled in Medicare were included. Opiate use was the primary end point. Univariate and multivariable logistic analyses were completed to determine risk factors.ResultsOf the patients, 811 (83.1%) received an opioid prescription during the treatment period, and 150 patients (15.4%) had continued opioid prescriptions at 3 months and 68 (7.0%) at 6 months. Opioid use during treatment was associated with prescriptions prior to treatment (odds ratio [OR], 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11‐5.12) and was least likely to be associated with radiation treatment alone (OR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18‐0.68). Risk factors for continued opioid use at both 3 and 6 months included tobacco use (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.05‐4.71 and OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.44‐10.24) and opioids prescribed prior to treatment (OR, 3.84; 95% CI, 2.45‐5.91 and OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.95‐6.50). Oxycodone prescribed as the first opioid was the least likely to lead to ongoing use at 3 and 6 months (OR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.17‐0.62 and OR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.10‐0.67).ConclusionPatients with oral/oropharyngeal cancer are at a very high risk for receiving opioids as part of symptom management during treatment, and a significant portion continues use at 3 and 6 months after treatment completion.
Risk of Redislocation After Primary Patellar Dislocation: A Clinical Prediction Model Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Variables
Authors: Arendt Elizabeth A. , Askenberger Marie , Agel Julie , Tompkins Marc A. 
Published: November 2018

Background: First-time lateral patellar dislocations have historically been treated with a nonoperative approach; a clinical tool to predict patients who are most likely to redislocate may have clinical utility. Purpose: (1) To determine if there are discriminating factors present between patients who redislocated their patellas and those who did not after a first-time lateral patellar dislocation and (2) to use this information to develop a model that can predict the recurrence risk of lateral patellar dislocation in this population. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The study population included those with first-time lateral patellar dislocation, magnetic resonance imaging within 6 weeks, and 2-year minimum follow-up. Cohort A was from a prospective study with 2-year follow-up. Cohort B was a prospectively identified cohort with retrospective chart review. Follow-up was obtained clinically or via mail for patients without 2-year clinical follow-up. Results: Sixty-one patients (42%) out of 145 with primary lateral patellar dislocation had recurrent dislocation within 2 years. Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that skeletal immaturity (odds ratio, 4.05; 95% CI, 1.86-8.82; P = .0004), sulcus angle (odds ratio, 4.87; 95% CI, 2.01-11.80; P = .0005), and Insall-Salvati ratio (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.34-6.70; P = .0074) were significant predictors of redislocation. Receiver operator characteristic curves defined the cut points to be sulcus angle ≥154° and Insall-Salvati ratio ≥1.3. The probability of redislocation based on the presence of factors was 5.8% with no factors present and 22.7% with any 1 factor present, increasing to 78.5% if all 3 factors were present. Conclusion: This model demonstrates a high risk of lateral patellar redislocation when a patient presents with skeletal immaturity as well as magnetic resonance measurements of sulcus angle ≥154° and patellar height as measured by Insall-Salvati ratio ≥1.3. A patient will have a low risk of lateral patellar redislocation with the inverse findings.
Effect of water glass coating of tricalcium phosphate granules on in vivo bone formation
Authors: Ryu Seung Min , Ahn Myun Whan , Park Chul Hyun , Lee Gun Woo , Song In Hwan , Ahn Hyo Sae , Kim Jooseong , Kim Sukyoung 
Published: November 2018

Background Recently, some authors introduced a water glass (WG, sodium-silicate glass; Na2O·SiO2·nH2O) coating over tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramic to modulate its resorption rate and enhance the bone cell behaviors. In this study, four different types of granular samples were prepared to evaluate the ability of new bone formation in vivo using micro-computed tomography and histology. Methods Four types sample groups: group A (pure HA as a negative resorption control); group B (pure TCP as a positive resorption control); group C (WG-coated TCP as an early resorption model); and group D (same as group C but heat-treated at 500°C as a delayed resorption model). Cylindrical tube-type carriers with holes were fabricated with HA by extrusion and sintering. Each carrier was filled densely with each granular sample. Four types of tubes were implanted into the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle of New Zealand White rabbits. Results The HA group (A) showed the lowest amount of new bone formation. All the TCP sample groups (B, C, and D) showed more new bone formation. On the other hand, among the TCP groups, group C (early resorption model) showed slightly more bone formation. The amount of residual bioceramics was most abundant in the HA group (A). All the TCP sample groups showed less residual bioceramics than group A. Among the TCP groups, group C showed slightly more residual bioceramics. Group B showed the lowest amount of residual bioceramics. Conclusions The WG-coated TCP sample (group C) is the best bone substitute candidate because of its proper biodegradation rate and the Si ions release because the WG-coated layer reduces the material resorption and enhances the new bone formation. That is, the WG-coated TCP is believed to be the best material for the application of an artificial bone substitute material.
Are there patients missing from community heart failure registers? An audit of clinical practice
Authors: Cuthbert Joseph J , Gopal Jayanthi , Crundall-Goode Amanda , Clark Andrew L 
Published: November 2018

Background General practitioners in the UK are financially incentivised, via the Quality Outcomes Framework, to maintain a record of all patients at their practice with heart failure and manage them appropriately. The prevalence of heart failure recorded in primary care registers (0.7–1.0%) is less than reported in epidemiological studies (3–5%). Using an audit of clinical practice, we set out to investigate if there are patients ‘missing’ from primary care heart failure registers and what the underlying mechanisms might be. Design The design of this study was as an audit of clinical practice at a UK general practice ( n = 9390). Methods Audit software (ENHANCE-HF) was used to identify patients who may have heart failure via a series of hierarchical searches of electronic records. Heart failure was then confirmed or excluded based on the electronic records by a heart failure specialist nurse and patients added to the register. Outcome data for patients without heart failure was collected after two years. Results Heart failure prevalence was 0.63% at baseline and 1.12% after the audit. Inaccurate coding accounted for the majority of missing patients. Amongst patients without heart failure who were taking a loop diuretic, the rate of incident heart failure was 13% and the rate of death or hospitalization with heart failure was 25% respectively during two-year follow-up. Conclusion There are many patients missing from community heart failure registers which may detriment patient outcome and practice income. Patients without heart failure who take loop diuretics are at high risk of heart failure-related events.
Iron deficiency
Authors: Camaschella Clara 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia affects &gt;1.2 billions individuals worldwide, and iron deficiency in the absence of anemia is even more frequent. Total-body (absolute) iron deficiency is caused by physiologically increased iron requirements in children, adolescents, young and pregnant women, by reduced iron intake, or by pathological defective absorption or chronic blood loss. Adaptation to iron deficiency at the tissue level is controlled by iron regulatory proteins to increase iron uptake and retention; at the systemic level, suppression of the iron hormone hepcidin increases iron release to plasma by absorptive enterocytes and recycling macrophages. The diagnosis of absolute iron deficiency is easy unless the condition is masked by inflammatory conditions. All cases of iron deficiency should be assessed for treatment and underlying cause. Special attention is needed in areas endemic for malaria and other infections to avoid worsening of infection by iron treatment. Ongoing efforts aim at optimizing iron salts–based therapy by protocols of administration based on the physiology of hepcidin control and reducing the common adverse effects of oral iron. IV iron, especially last-generation compounds administered at high doses in single infusions, is becoming an effective alternative in an increasing number of conditions because of a more rapid and persistent hematological response and acceptable safety profile. Risks/benefits of the different treatments should be weighed in a personalized therapeutic approach to iron deficiency.
Insights into the genomic landscape of MYD88 wild-type Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Hunter Zachary R. , Xu Lian , Tsakmaklis Nickolas , Demos Maria G. , Kofides Amanda , Jimenez Cristina , Chan Gloria G. , Chen Jiaji , Liu Xia , Munshi Manit , Gustine Joshua , Meid Kirsten , Patterson Christopher J. , Yang Guang , Dubeau Toni , Samur Mehmet K. , Castillo Jorge J. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Munshi Nikhil C. , Treon Steven P. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Activating MYD88 mutations are present in 95% of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) patients, and trigger NF-κB through BTK and IRAK. The BTK inhibitor ibrutinib is active in MYD88-mutated (MYD88MUT) WM patients, but shows lower activity in MYD88 wild-type (MYD88WT) disease. MYD88WT patients also show shorter overall survival, and increased risk of disease transformation in some series. The genomic basis for these findings remains to be clarified. We performed whole exome and transcriptome sequencing of sorted tumor samples from 18 MYD88WT patients and compared findings with WM patients with MYD88MUT disease. We identified somatic mutations predicted to activate NF-κB (TBL1XR1, PTPN13, MALT1, BCL10, NFKB2, NFKBIB, NFKBIZ, and UDRL1F), impart epigenomic dysregulation (KMT2D, KMT2C, and KDM6A), or impair DNA damage repair (TP53, ATM, and TRRAP). Predicted NF-κB activating mutations were downstream of BTK and IRAK, and many overlapped with somatic mutations found in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A distinctive transcriptional profile in MYD88WT WM was identified, although most differentially expressed genes overlapped with MYD88MUT WM consistent with the many clinical and morphological characteristics that are shared by these WM subgroups. Overall survival was adversely affected by mutations in DNA damage response in MYD88WT WM patients. The findings depict genomic and transcriptional events associated with MYD88WT WM and provide mechanistic insights for disease transformation, decreased ibrutinib activity, and novel drug approaches for this population.
Pros and cons of mouse models for studying osteoarthritis
Authors: Bapat Santul , Hubbard Daniel , Munjal Akul , Hunter Monte , Fulzele Sadanand 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common chronic conditions in the world today. It results in breakdown of cartilage in joints and causes the patient to experience intense pain and even disability. The pathophysiology of OA is not fully understood; therefore, there is currently no cure for OA. Many researchers are investigating the pathophysiology of the disease and attempting to develop methods to alleviate the symptoms or cure the OA entirely using animal models. Most studies on OA use animal models; this is necessary as the disease develops very slowly in humans and presents differently in each patient. This makes it difficult to effectively study the progression of osteoarthritis. Animal models can be spontaneous, in which OA naturally occurs in the animal. Genetic modifications can be used to make the mice more susceptible to developing OA. Osteoarthritis can also be induced via surgery, chemical injections, or non‐invasive trauma. This review aims to describe animal models of inducing osteoarthritis with a focus on the models used on mice and their advantages and disadvantages that each model presents.
Gendered labour regimes: on the organizing of domestic workers in urban China
Authors: Tong Xin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of China domestic services sector relies on a gendered labour regime that is also at the basis of the country rapid economic growth. Domestic workers face many obstacles at defending their rights. The state’s Labour Contract Law does not consider them. Besides, market competition and urban mainstream culture place domestic workers in marginal and atomized positions. But their gender identity, as well as their migrant workers’identity, have become useful resources for the establishment of social support relationships. The networks build on this double identity procure them the emotional support they need and contribute to improve their ability.
Detection of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using Multiple Analytes and Their Role in Patient Survival
Authors: Palve Vinayak , Bagwan Jamir , Krishnan Neeraja M. , Pareek Manisha , Chandola Udita , Suresh Amritha , Siddappa Gangotri , James Bonney L. , Kekatpure Vikram , Kuriakose Moni Abraham , Panda Binay 
Published: November 2018

Purpose Accurate detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is essential to understanding the role of HPV in disease prognosis and management of patients. We used different analytes and methods to understand the true prevalence of HPV in a cohort of patients with OSCC with different molecular backgrounds, and we correlated HPV data with patient survival. Methods We integrated data from multiple analytes (HPV DNA, HPV RNA, and p16), assays (immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction [PCR], quantitative PCR [qPCR], and digital PCR), and molecular changes (somatic mutations and DNA methylation) from 153 patients with OSCC to correlate p16 expression, HPV DNA, and HPV RNA with HPV incidence and patient survival. Results High prevalence (33% to 58%) of HPV16/18 DNA did not correlate with the presence of transcriptionally active viral genomes (15%) in tumors. Eighteen percent of the tumors were p16 positive and only 6% were both HPV DNA and HPV RNA positive. Most tumors with relatively high copy number HPV DNA and/or HPV RNA, but not with HPV DNA alone (irrespective of copy number), were wild-type for TP53 and CASP8 genes. In our study, p16 protein, HPV DNA, and HPV RNA, either alone or in combination, did not correlate with patient survival. Nine HPV-associated genes stratified the virus-positive from the virus-negative tumor group with high confidence ( P < .008) when HPV DNA copy number and/or HPV RNA were considered to define HPV positivity, and not HPV DNA alone, irrespective of copy number ( P < .2). Conclusion In OSCC, the presence of both HPV RNA and p16 is rare. HPV DNA alone is not an accurate measure of HPV positivity and therefore may not be informative. HPV DNA, HPV RNA, and p16 do not correlate with patients’ outcome.
Endocrine Disruption of Androgenic Activity by Perfluoroalkyl Substances: Clinical and Experimental Evidence
Authors: Di Nisio Andrea , Sabovic Iva , Valente Umberto , Tescari Simone , Rocca Maria Santa , Guidolin Diego , Dall’Acqua Stefano , Acquasaliente Laura , Pozzi Nicola , Plebani Mario , Garolla Andrea , Foresta Carlo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundConsiderable attention has been paid to perfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) because of their worldwide presence in humans, wildlife, and environment. A wide variety of toxicological effects is well supported in animals, including testicular toxicity and male infertility. For these reasons, the understanding of epidemiological associations and of the molecular mechanisms involved in the endocrine-disrupting properties of PFCs on human reproductive health is a major concern.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between PFC exposure and male reproductive health.DesignThis study was performed within a screening protocol to evaluate male reproductive health in high schools.PatientsThis is a cross-sectional study on 212 exposed males from the Veneto region, one of the four areas worldwide heavily polluted with PFCs, and 171 nonexposed controls.Main Outcome MeasuresAnthropometrics, seminal parameters, and sex hormones were measured in young males from exposed areas compared with age-matched controls. We also performed biochemical studies in established experimental models.ResultsWe found that increased levels of PFCs in plasma and seminal fluid positively correlate with circulating testosterone (T) and with a reduction of semen quality, testicular volume, penile length, and anogenital distance. Experimental evidence points toward an antagonistic action of perfluorooctanoic acid on the binding of T to androgen receptor (AR) in a gene reporter assay, a competition assay on an AR-coated surface plasmon resonance chip, and an AR nuclear translocation assay.DiscussionThis study documents that PFCs have a substantial impact on human health as they interfere with hormonal pathways, potentially leading to male infertility.