bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Large-Scale Environments of Mesoscale Convective Systems East of the Rocky Mountains
Authors: Feng Zhe , Houze Robert A. , Leung L. Ruby , Song Fengfei , Hardin Joseph C. , Wang Jingyu , Gustafson William I. , Homeyer Cameron R. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The spatiotemporal variability and three-dimensional structures of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) east of the U.S. Rocky Mountains and their large-scale environments are characterized across all seasons using 13 years of high-resolution radar and satellite observations. Long-lived and intense MCSs account for over 50% of warm season precipitation in the Great Plains and over 40% of cold season precipitation in the southeast. The Great Plains has the strongest MCS seasonal cycle peaking in May–June, whereas in the U.S. southeast MCSs occur year-round. Distinctly different large-scale environments across the seasons have significant impacts on the structure of MCSs. Spring and fall MCSs commonly initiate under strong baroclinic forcing and favorable thermodynamic environments. MCS genesis frequently occurs in the Great Plains near sunset, although convection is not always surface based. Spring MCSs feature both large and deep convection, with a large stratiform rain area and high volume of rainfall. In contrast, summer MCSs often initiate under weak baroclinic forcing, featuring a high pressure ridge with weak low-level convergence acting on the warm, humid air associated with the low-level jet. MCS genesis concentrates east of the Rocky Mountain Front Range and near the southeast coast in the afternoon. The strongest MCS diurnal cycle amplitude extends from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains to the Great Plains. Summer MCSs have the largest and deepest convective features, the smallest stratiform rain area, and the lowest rainfall volume. Last, winter MCSs are characterized by the strongest baroclinic forcing and the largest MCS precipitation features over the southeast. Implications of the findings for climate modeling are discussed.
Not All Information Is Equal: Effects of Disclosing Different Types of Likelihood Information on Trust, Compliance and Reliance, and Task Performance in Human-Automation Teaming
Authors: Du Na , Huang Kevin Y. , Yang X. Jessie 
Published: July 2019

Objective The study examines the effects of disclosing different types of likelihood information on human operators’ trust in automation, their compliance and reliance behaviors, and the human-automation team performance. Background To facilitate appropriate trust in and dependence on automation, explicitly conveying the likelihood of automation success has been proposed as one solution. Empirical studies have been conducted to investigate the potential benefits of disclosing likelihood information in the form of automation reliability, (un)certainty, and confidence. Yet, results from these studies are rather mixed. Method We conducted a human-in-the-loop experiment with 60 participants using a simulated surveillance task. Each participant performed a compensatory tracking task and a threat detection task with the help of an imperfect automated threat detector. Three types of likelihood information were presented: overall likelihood information, predictive values, and hit and correct rejection rates. Participants’ trust in automation, compliance and reliance behaviors, and task performance were measured. Results Human operators informed of the predictive values or the overall likelihood value, rather than the hit and correct rejection rates, relied on the decision aid more appropriately and obtained higher task scores. Conclusion Not all likelihood information is equal in aiding human-automation team performance. Directly presenting the hit and correct rejection rates of an automated decision aid should be avoided. Application The findings can be applied to the design of automated decision aids.
A decentralized, model-free, global optimization method for energy saving in heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems
Authors: Wang Shiqiang , Xing Jianchun , Jiang Ziyan , Dai Yunchuang 
Published: July 2019

To solve the challenges of high labour and maintenance cost while saving energy in engineering, a decentralized agent-based model-free global optimization method for heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems is proposed. In this novel optimization method, each updated smart equipment is connected according to the physical relationships, such that it can communicate and collaborate with adjacent nodes. Furthermore, to achieve the overall optimal operation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, a decentralized evolutionary algorithm is developed. With the decentralized algorithm executed in all smart nodes in parallel with the feedback of sensor measurements instead of accurate device models, the system can achieve optimal coordination and avoid conflicts between correlated devices. The equivalence between the centralized and decentralized methods is proven. This method is confirmed to be effective through hardware testing based on actual engineering. Practical application: The traditional optimization methods for heating, ventilation and air conditioning are based on a centralized structure with a series of deficiencies, such as high maintenance and labour costs, link congestion and operational lag. This study presents a novel decentralized structure constructed using basic physical relations and a model-free method that possesses the advantages of plug-and-play, rapid development, great flexibility and convenience for engineering implementation without having to build a central monitor. The case study results validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Multidetector computed tomography in the diagnosis of spontaneous isolated superior mesenteric artery dissection: changes in diameter on nonenhanced scan and stent treatment follow-up
Authors: Yan Weiqiang , Huang Rong , Shi Qiao , Shan Huiming , Zhu Yi , Cheng Guanxun , Quan Xianyue 
Published: July 2019

Objective This study was performed to assess the changes in diameter of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in patients with spontaneous isolated SMA dissection (SISMAD) on nonenhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and determine the clinical value of follow-up MDCT after endovascular stent placement (ESP). Methods The diameters of the SMA and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) as measured on nonenhanced MDCT were compared between 20 patients with SISMAD and 20 control subjects. ESP was performed in 14 patients with SISMAD, and follow-up MDCT was performed after ESP. Results The mean diameter of the SMA in the SISMAD group and control group was 11.69 ± 1.26 and 7.10 ± 0.97 mm, respectively, with a statistically significant difference. The SMA diameters were even larger than the SMV diameters. Follow-up MDCT showed stent patency in 13 patients and occlusion in 1 patient. Conclusions An enlarged diameter of the SMA on nonenhanced MDCT is an important finding for diagnosis of SISMAD, and MDCT is a valuable follow-up method after ESP for SISMAD.
A retrospective study of an invasive versus conservative strategy in patients aged ≥80 years with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Sui Yong-Gang , Teng Si-Yong , Qian Jie , Wu Yuan , Dou Ke-Fei , Tang Yi-Da , Qiao Shu-Bin , Wu Yong-Jian 
Published: July 2019

Objective To investigate what is the most appropriate strategy for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) aged ≥80 years in China. Methods This cohort study retrospectively enrolled patients with STEMI aged ≥80 years old and grouped them according to the treatment strategy that was used: a conservative treatment strategy or an invasive treatment strategy. Factors associated with whether to perform an invasive intervention, in-hospital death and a good prognosis were investigated using logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 232 patients were enrolled: conservative treatment group ( n = 93) and invasive treatment group ( n = 139). Patients in the invasive treatment group had a better prognosis and lower incidence of adverse events compared with the conservative treatment group. Advanced age, creatinine level and a higher Killip class were inversely correlated with whether to perform an invasive intervention, while the use of beta-receptor-blocking agents was a favourable factor for invasive treatment. Hypertension and a higher Killip class were risk factors for in-hospital death, while the use of beta-receptor-blocking agents and diuretics decreased the risk of in-hospital death. Conclusions An invasive treatment strategy was superior to a conservative treatment strategy in patients with STEMI aged ≥80 years.
Occupational therapy metacognitive intervention for adolescents with ADHD: Teen Cognitive-Functional (Cog-Fun) feasibility study
Authors: Levanon-Erez Nirit , Kampf-Sherf Orli , Maeir Adina 
Published: July 2019

Introduction Adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder face neurocognitive impairments that impede their occupational functioning. The Cognitive-Functional model is a metacognitive occupational therapy intervention for individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder that harnesses self-awareness and strategy behavior to support participation in an individualized occupational context. This study explored preliminary feasibility and efficacy of the Cognitive Functional model adapted for adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the Teen Cognitive-Functional intervention. Method A mixed method feasibility study including 22 adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their parents was conducted. Pre–post assessments included: occupational performance (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure); executive functioning (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function); self-awareness and strategy behavior (Self-Regulation Skills Interview). Results Modest attrition and high satisfaction from Teen Cognitive-Functional intervention were found. Significant improvements were reported in adolescents’ occupational performance, executive functioning and strategy behavior. No significant gains were found in adolescents’ self-awareness. Adolescents’ strategy behavior was correlated with parent-rated occupational performance. Qualitative analysis of the strategies reported by the adolescents after intervention revealed three categories: “self-determined choices”; “plan and organize” and “adaptations.” Conclusion This study provides initial support for feasibility of the Teen Cognitive-Functional intervention and its potential efficacy in promoting occupational performance, executive functioning and strategy behavior. Controlled studies are needed to further validate these findings.
Case report: Orbital myositis triggering oxygen-responsive cluster headache
Authors: Douglas Vivian P , Douglas Konstantinos AA , Rizzo Joseph F , Chwalisz Bart K 
Published: July 2019

Background Orbital myositis is an idiopathic, non-infectious condition, typically seen in young females and usually affecting one extraocular muscle. Orbital myositis mimicking cluster headache is a rare clinical entity, and this is the first description of a case of a secondary trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia from orbital myositis responsive to high-flow oxygen. Case A young woman presented with new-onset, oxygen-responsive headache, periorbital pain and autonomic features. She had associated vertical diplopia on downgaze and subtle ocular misalignment. An initial diagnosis of cluster headache was made. Initial brain MRI was unrevealing, but dedicated MRI of the orbits showed enhancement of orbital muscles. The diplopia and the imaging findings were consistent with orbital myositis. Conclusion Orbital myositis mimicking cluster headache is rare, and not previously reported as an oxygen-responsive headache.
Demographic and Radiographic Factors Associated With Intra-articular Hip Cartilage Injury: A Cross-sectional Study of 1511 Hip Arthroscopy Procedures
Authors: Ishøi Lasse , Thorborg Kristian , Kraemer Otto , Lund Bent , Mygind-Klavsen Bjarne , Hölmich Per 
Published: July 2019

Background: Moderate to severe (grade 3-4) hip joint cartilage injury seems to impair function in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Purpose: To investigate whether demographic and radiographic factors were associated with moderate to severe hip joint cartilage injury. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients were identified in the Danish Hip Arthroscopy Registry. The outcome variables were acetabular cartilage injury (modified Beck grade 0-2 vs 3-4) and femoral head cartilage injury (International Cartilage Repair Society grade 0-2 vs 3-4). Logistic regressions assessed the association with the following: age (<30 vs 30-50 years); sex; sport activity level (Hip Sports Activity Scale); alpha angle (AA) assessed as normal (AA <55°), cam (55°≤ AA <78°), or severe cam (AA ≥78°); lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) assessed as normal (25°≤ LCEA ≤ 39°), pincer (LCEA >39°), or borderline dysplasia (LCEA <25°); joint space width (JSW) assessed as normal (JSW >4.0 mm), mild reduction (3.1 mm ≤ JSW ≤ 4.0 mm), or severe reduction (2.1 mm ≤ JSW ≤ 3.0 mm). Results: A total of 1511 patients were included (mean ± SD age: 34.9 ± 9.8 years). Male sex (odds ratio [OR], 4.42), higher age (OR, 1.70), increased AA (cam: OR, 2.23; severe cam: OR, 4.82), and reduced JSW (mild: OR, 2.04; severe: OR, 3.19) were associated ( P < .05) with Beck grade 3-4. Higher age (OR, 1.92), increased Hip Sports Activity Scale (OR, 1.13), borderline dysplasia (OR, 3.08), and reduced JSW (mild: OR, 2.63; severe: OR, 3.04) were associated ( P < .05) with International Cartilage Repair Society grade 3-4. Conclusion: Several demographic and radiographic factors were associated with moderate to severe hip joint cartilage injury. Most notably, increased cam severity and borderline dysplasia substantially increased the risk of grade 3-4 acetabular and femoral head cartilage injury, respectively, indicating that specific deformity may drive specific cartilage injury patterns in the hip joint.
Subsequent Surgery for Loss of Motion After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Does Not Influence Function at 2 Years: A Matched Case-Control Analysis
Authors: Worsham Jacob , Lowe Walter R. , Copa Dorcas , Williams Shelby , Kleihege Jacquelyn , Lauck Kyle , Mascarenhas Randy , Bailey Lane 
Published: July 2019

Background: Loss of motion (LOM) remains a common complication after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and can be detrimental to patient outcomes after surgery. LOM is multifactorial, but nonsurgical and surgical solutions to this complex problem are available. A paucity of quality data exists evaluating clinical outcomes after the surgical treatment of patients with LOM after ACL reconstruction. Hypothesis: Patients undergoing surgical lysis of adhesions and manipulation under anesthesia for LOM after ACL reconstruction will exhibit decreased function, lower outcome scores, and delayed time of release to play when compared with matched controls without LOM. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3 Methods: A database of 1572 patients undergoing ACL reconstruction was sampled from 2013 to 2017 to identify a total of 58 patients (LOM group [n = 29] vs matched control group [n = 29]). Group comparisons were examined for patients requiring a second surgical procedure for LOM versus matched controls after ACL reconstruction for differences in surgical timing, self-reported International Knee Disability Committee scores, objective function at release to play, and subjective knee function at 2 years with the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation. The risk of a type I error was set at α = .05 for all statistical analyses. Results: Patients who underwent lysis of adhesions and manipulation under anesthesia for LOM after ACL reconstruction exhibited no differences in Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation knee function at 2 years when compared with matched controls (85.8 ± 14.9 vs 88.0 ± 10.8, P = .606). All patients met release-to-play criteria. Only International Knee Disability Committee scores ( P = .046) and single-legged hop testing ( P = .050) reached statistically significant differences, with higher scores in the control group. There was no difference in the time to release to play ( P = .034) or level of participation ( P = .180) between the control and surgical groups. Subjective function scores at 2 years were not significantly different between groups. Tourniquet time during the index ACL reconstruction was shorter in the control group ( P = .034). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that patients who undergo surgical treatment for LOM after ACL reconstruction can release to play at similar times but display relative deficits in single-legged-hop symmetry and lower self-reported function when compared with matched controls. Longer surgical times may increase the risk for LOM after ACL reconstruction. Registration: NCT03704376 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
Predictors of Unsuccessful Nonoperative Management of Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: Funakoshi Tadanao , Furushima Kozo , Miyamoto Azusa , Kusano Hiroshi , Horiuchi Yukio , Itoh Yoshiyasu 
Published: July 2019

Background: Osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum (capitellar OCD) is a common injury among adolescent throwing athletes. Some younger patients with incomplete maturity of the epiphysis and early-stage capitellar OCD are good candidates for nonoperative treatment. However, during initial examination, predicting the need for surgical treatment in patients with capitellar OCD is difficult. Purpose: To perform multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis of data obtained from patients’ medical records and images on initial examination and identify the predictors of unsuccessful nonoperative management of capitellar OCD. Study Design: Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: This study included 245 elbows with capitellar OCD (all male; mean age, 14 years [range, 10-27 years]). Patients were divided into 3 groups comprising 148 elbows requiring an immediate operation on initial examination, 48 requiring nonsurgical treatment, and 49 requiring an operation after nonoperative management. Baseline data and radiographic parameters, such as lesion location, lesion size, modified Minami classification, radial head size, skeletal age difference between both elbows on initial examination, lesion size on computed tomography, and staging on magnetic resonance imaging, were retrospectively reviewed. Univariate and multivariate ordered logistic regression analyses of spontaneous healing of the lesion were conducted. Results: Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that radial head enlargement and skeletal age difference were significantly associated with spontaneous healing. In multivariate ordered logistic regression analysis, radial head enlargement (anteroposterior and lateral) and skeletal age difference were significant predictors of lack of spontaneous healing (odds ratio [OR], 2.76, P =.025; OR, 7.92, P =.026; and OR, 1.84, P =.0089, respectively). Conclusion: To predict spontaneous healing in the moderate stage, plain radiographs would be important to evaluate radiocapitellar congruity and skeletal age. This study showed that preoperative radiographic findings of radial head enlargement and advanced skeletal age of the throwing side compared with that of the nonthrowing side were predictors of advanced-stage capitellar OCD. Despite several limitations, the statistical significance and correlations herein provide important information on preoperative surgical planning to surgeons.
Precarious labour in waiting: Internships in the Chinese Internet industries
Authors: Xia Bingqing 
Published: July 2019

Internships are prevalent in new media industries and have become the focus of news reports and popular writings in recent years. This article addresses the gap between intern research and digital labour research. It asks: How are these interns working and living? What are the power dynamics behind interns’ experiences? To what extent can digital labour theories be applied to explore these experiences? Based on empirical research conducted at two Chinese Internet companies, this article shows that interns in Chinese Internet industries experience poor working conditions and difficult living conditions. These are caused by power dynamics within the companies, such as tensions between interns and full-time Internet workers, and power dynamics within Chinese society, such as those between Chinese universities and Internet companies involved in these internships. The article argues that such difficult conditions are caused by Internet companies and the Chinese higher education system, both of which engage in forms of coercion and alienation. Digital labour theories need to take greater account of intern labour and of interns’ experiences of precarious work in the new media industries.JEL Codes: J220, J210
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Body Composition in NCAA Division I Athletes: Exploration of Mass Distribution
Authors: Sanfilippo Jennifer , Krueger Diane , Heiderscheit Bryan , Binkley Neil 
Published: July 2019

Background: Body composition assessment is frequently used in sports medicine and athletic performance environments to assess change in response to strength training and nutrition programs. However, to effectively do so requires knowledge regarding expected body composition values relative to sport and sex. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is widely used to evaluate body composition, although its utility in relationship to specific sports, performance, or rehabilitation is not clearly defined. Hypothesis: Body composition metrics and distribution of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes will vary based on sport and sex. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A convenience sample of 337 athletes (229 men and 108 women) participating in football, wrestling, soccer, hockey, basketball, golf, softball, or volleyball was evaluated. DXA-measured total body composition, including bone mineral density (BMD), % lean mass, % fat, and regional distribution, were compared by sex, sport, and with an age-matched National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) population. Results: Men had higher BMD, lower % fat (16.4% vs 25.2%) and higher % lean mass (79.2% vs 70.6%) ( P < 0.001). Regional composition varied by sport and sex, with women having a greater proportion of lean mass at the trunk and men in their arms ( P < 0.0001). Leg lean mass was distributed similarly between sexes (35%). Overall, the normative group (NHANES) had lower BMD and higher percentage fat. Conclusion: DXA-measured body composition and lean mass distribution varies by sport and sex in Division I athletes. The observed difference to the NHANES population emphasizes challenges in identifying appropriate comparison populations, reinforcing the need to compare athletes with their own baseline. Clinical Relevance: These findings establish a framework to investigate the relevance of these variances and determine the utility of body composition analysis in elite athletes.