bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of changes in diet and leisure‐time physical activity with employer's direct cost of short‐term sickness absence
Authors: Salmela Jatta , Lahti Jouni , Mauramo Elina , Pietiläinen Olli , Rahkonen Ossi , Kanerva Noora 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSeveral unhealthy lifestyles are associated with increased sickness absence (SA). This study examined the associations of changes in diet and leisure‐time physical activity (LTPA) with employer's direct cost of subsequent short‐term (<10 working days) SA. The survey data from phases 1 (2000−2002) and 2 (2007) of the Helsinki Health Study (HHS), a longitudinal cohort study of initially 40−60‐year‐old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, were linked with SA register data. Final data consisted of 4157 employees. Dietary habits were inquired with a short food frequency questionnaire. Consumption of fruits (F) and vegetables (V) was used to indicate healthiness of diet. LTPA was measured with a series of questions on the intensity and the amount of LTPA. Data on short‐term SA and salaries (2008−2012) were received from the employers’ registers. A two‐part model was used to analyse the associations. Those who improved their F&V consumption from non‐daily to daily and persevered physically active got 620 € (95% CI −1194, −47) lower cost than those remaining non‐daily F&V consumers and physically inactive. When examining LTPA only, those who persevered physically active or improved from moderately active to active got 19% less cost for the employer than those remaining inactive. Dietary changes were not independently associated with the cost. Improving employees’ diet and LTPA may reduce employer's direct cost of SA. Although the associations of diet with SA cost were not statistically significant, improvements in diet may contribute to the beneficial associations of LTPA and employer's cost of SA.
On the history of mineralogenic studies and development of Arctic Karelia
Authors: Ivashchenko V I , Shchiptsov V V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper focuses on the mineral resources of the Karelian Arctic. Arctic districts are linked to the White Sea. The White Sea is connected via the White Sea-Baltic Channell with the Baltic, Caspian and Black seas. All the above districts have state railways and highways connecting Karelia with South and North Russia. A retrospective review of the history of research and mastering of mineral resources is given. The current state of mineral raw base of the northern regions of Karelia is shown. The mineral potential of three areas in Arctic Karelia is of great value as there are many deposits and occurrences and a variety of mineral reserves and resources to be developed there. The Lopian epoch witnessed the formation of the deposits and ore occurrences of several ore formations: molybdenum-porphyry, gold-porphyry and others. Big noble-metal ore bodies in Olanga Group layered intrusions and similar but smaller-scale occurrences in the Kuzema lherzolite-gabbro-norite complex were formed in the Sumian epoch. The Svecofennian metallogenic epoch is mainly represented by rare-metal pegmatite formation and complex noble-metal occurrences in their aureoles and shear-zones. Garnet ores were formed in a favourable setting with medium-temperature high-pressure metamorphism and a great contribution of metasomatism associated with acid leaching under kyanite-muscovite- and quartz-muscovite-facies conditions. Kyanite is an industrial mineral used in the refractory and ceramic industries and aircraft motor production. In Russia, no kyanite ore deposits have been mined yet. Nizhnekotozero anorthosites from the Belomorian mobile belt are a new type of feldspar deposits. A pyroxenite-gabbro-alkaline formation with carbonatites is represented by the Yeletozero, Tikshozero and Vostochny massifs in North Karelia. It is proposed to develop a target program aimed at forming a state order for prospecting and appraisal, exploration deposits on precious and rare metals, industrial minerals.
Legal and Institutional Frameworks for the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation
Authors: Davydova M L , Epifanov A Y , Sharno O I , Vanicheva M N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In light of attempts made to consolidate questions on regulating development support zones, the author has attempted to analyze questions on the legal regulation of current issues regarding the use of Russia’s Arctic Zone. This paper analyzes the study of public opinion on the legalization project in the Russian Arctic. It studies the ecological aspects and problems of land use, which are foreseeable in the impact that passing the bill “On the Development of the Arctic Zone of the Russian Federation” would have in its current interpretation. In order to analyze whether or not the legal regulation of issues on the development of the Arctic are sufficient enough, regulatory documents, both active and planned, are enumerated. The author describes the possibility of adopting the term “territory” for Russia’s Arctic Zone, as well as analyzes its composition. The paper focuses on the question of forming and operating development support zones from a historical point of view and also in light of a conceptual and declaratory transformation. Problems of ecological expertise, land use, and territory planning for the construction of infrastructure facilities are looked at while taking into account environmental protection and protecting the interests of the indigenous peoples living within the corresponding borders. The research reflects the global environmental problems of the Arctic region as a climate region of the planet, as well as of the indigenous peoples inhabiting it.
Legal regulations on environmental safety in the Arctic zone
Authors: Bratanovskiy S N , Epifanov A E , Bobodzhanova L K , Krasnozhenova  
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Ensuring environmental safety in the Arctic zone is currently an essential national and public goal. The living standards and development of socio-economic relations depend on appropriate legal regulations of the government bodies of the territories of the Russian High North. The article considers peculiarities of legal regulations, environmental safety of the above-mentioned regions. It also describes organizational and legal evaluation of measures that are conducted to replenish environmental losses and restore natural landscape. One of the main issues in this field is to intensify activity of environmental organizations which are in charge of human rights; therefore, the ways how to improve their work have been determined. Conceptual conclusions have been drawn on the necessary procedures of the state policy in the sphere of ecology and natural resources. They include the following: to establish a special government agency aimed at maintaining the centralized control over extraction activities and mineral resource exploitation; to take urgent measures focused on restoration of natural environment damaged as a result of harmful impact; to expand legal regulations of environmental activities within this region through passing special statutory acts; establishing the public administration system in this field with cooperative efforts of the federal government and public authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation.
Theoretical model of the volumetric heat content of moist soil
Authors: Kvachantiradze E P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the scientific literature, the thermal properties of soils are described by three indicators: heat absorption capacity, heat capacity, and heat conductivity. It is proposed to introduce into practice the prognostic equation of the volumetric heat content of moist soil, as its energy characteristic, by which it will be possible to judge not only the phase (ice, water, steam) state of the water in the soil, but also the nature of the soil-atmosphere heat exchange, that is important to know during seasonal thawing and characterizes the power of the process. Since the degree of saturation of the soil with water determines the thermal properties of the soil, the key point of this research is to prove the legitimacy of using the prognostic equation to calculate the moisture content of the soil. Calculations using the proposed equations are not difficult, since they are based on data from the available information of the state hydrometeorological services. The main advantage of prognostic equations is that they are not of statistical origin. Consequently, they are not related to a specific geographic point, which allows analyzing the parameter being studied by building the calculated indicators in one row and thus finding patterns in the soil-atmosphere system. Studies were conducted for three geographical points located on the same longitude, but at the same time located in different soil-climatic zones. Studies were conducted for conditions above 0 ° C inclusive. The research analyzes the results of the calculation of the predicted soil moisture content using two equations. A mathematical analysis of the equation was conducted, where the predicted value is the moisture content of the soil; a variable, the coefficient of moisture according to Ivanov. The legitimacy of using the index of the predicted soil moisture content in the model of the volumetric heat content of moist soil is theoretically proved.
Cultural heritage of the indigenous Arctic peoples of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Authors: Petrov A A , Chernyshova S L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of a little-studied phenomenon of the Arctic peoples of North-East Asia, which is the historical and cultural heritage of the atokhton northern ethnicgroups of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Evens, Evenks, Yukaghirs, Chukchis and Dolgans live in Russia compactly in the extreme climatic, geographical conditions, and also in the special socio-economic realities of the unique Arctic region of the planet. An important factor of their sustainable development in the context of interaction between different cultures, especially global, post-industrial and traditional, is the creation of a favorable terms for traditional lifestyles and traditional economic activities, which are based on the full harmony and interaction of the human community and nature. Under these conditions, the most important, obvious and relevant is the study of the life and work of the peoples of the circumpolar Arctic in the mainstream of the scientific direction created by the academician D.S. Likhachev named as “ecology of culture”. In the present article, the subject of the close attention and research are both the objects and issues of the environmental protection (ecology of nature), and the material and spiritual culture of society (human ecology). The preservation, development and revival of the native language and culture of the Arctic ethnic groups of the Sakha Republic is an important requirement for ensuring the stability of the ethnic traditions. Russian scientists and explorers of the North actively worked in this direction and contributed into Philology, Folklore and Ethnography of the indigenous Arctic peoples of Yakutia and adjacent regions of the Russian Federation. The joint project of the Institute for Humanities Research and Indigenous Studies of the North, Russian Academy of Science, Siberian Branch and the Institute of the Peoples of the North of Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia “Monuments of ethnic culture of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East” successfully continues researchers of the Arctic in the XXI century. It is noteworthy that the main part of the project participants are the representatives from among the indigenous peoples of the North; they conduct such kind of research, which combines their life experience and scientific knowledge.
Arctic region of Russia at the 1900 World Exhibition
Authors: Serkova V , Lobastova V , Simonenko T , Samylov O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Russia’s participation in the World Exhibitions reflected the self-identification of Russia and expressed the desire to present the country as a strong power, inscribed in the context of World development and interaction. Of particular importance for the demonstration of the technical power of Russia and its achievements in various areas of culture was the World Exhibition of 1900 in Paris. One of the central pavilions of the Russian department of the exhibition was the Pavilion of the Russian outskirts devoted to various topics from the life of the peoples of the Caucasus, Central Asia, Siberia, and the development of the Far North. This article discusses the features of the exhibition, representing the uniqueness of the North, its nature, ancient monuments, and the life of the northern peoples of the Russian Empire. It was represented by the huge panels made by Russian artist Konstantin Korovin. At the turn of the century, at the time of heightened interest in the Arctic from scientists, researchers, writers and artists, Korovin repeatedly made trips to the Russian North, which every time made a huge impression on him, which radically changed the artist’s stylistic style, allowed him to improve the technique of creating extensive panel, to prove himself as a decorative artist. The article concludes that the participation of Konstantin Korovin in the organization of the exhibition not only brought great benefits in the organization of the World Exhibition in Paris, but also turned out to be his greatest creative success. The exhibition in Paris in 1900 testified that Russia was developing rapidly at the time; it ceased to be exotic and incomprehensible and revealed its national identity.
Gas hydrate formation of sulfur dioxide by injection of liquid carbon dioxide into a natural layer saturated with methane and ice
Authors: Khasanov M K , Kildibaeva S R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A mathematical model of injection of liquid sulfur dioxide into a natural layer saturated with ice and methane, accompanied by the formation of SO2 gas hydrate on the front surface is presented. The case when the initial state of the system, as well as the pressure and temperature of the injected liquid sulfur dioxide correspond to the thermobaric conditions of the existence of sulfur dioxide gas hydrate is considered. That, the formation of sulfur dioxide gas hydrate occurs on the front surface, coinciding with the surface of methane displacement by sulfur dioxide. In this case, two characteristic zones are formed in the layer. In the first (near) zone the pores are saturated with sulfur dioxide and its gas hydrate, in the second (far) zone it is saturated with ice and methane. The dependences of the temperature and the coordinates of the formation border of sulfur dioxide gas hydrate on the injection pressure are explored. It is established that the injection pressure increase causes the rise in temperature and movement speed of the surface of the formation of sulfur dioxide gas hydrate. It is shown that at sufficiently high values of injection pressure and initial layer temperature, the temperature rises above the ice melting temperature at the formation border of sulfur dioxide gas hydrate. This corresponds to the formation of an intermediate region saturated with a mixture of water and methane. It is determined the dependence of the limit value of the sulfur dioxide injection pressure, above which an intermediate region saturated with a mixture of water and methane appears on the initial layer temperature.
Transformation of the political and geographical space of the Arctic: an approach of postcritical geopolitics
Authors: Grinyaev S N , Medvedev D A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article deals with the transformation of the space of the Arctic. The authors revealed differences of the concepts of “territory” and “space” in geography and geopolitics. It is underlined that sociocultural and ideological aspects of the territory development are not taken into account, which leads to the formation of ineffective long-term state policy. The authors formulated the definition of “regional geopolitical space” based on post-structuralism ideas. Borders nowadays are becoming much more “porous” in some areas and for some groups, while they are securitized for other flows of goods, people and ideas. Along with political geography as a whole, critical geopolitics argues that spatiality is not limited to territoriality. The authors also describe the correlation between economic, ideological power of the state and its ability to form and fulfill geographic and geopolitical space. Based on the postcritical paradigm, the authors identified and described key trends in the development of the Arctic region. Critical geopolitics argues that the emerging forms of global governance do not “smooth out” space, but, on the contrary, increase spatial differentiation. The territory and space of the Arctic is extremely fragile and sensitive for external interaction not only in matters of economic development, but also of political and ideological.
Chinese-Russian cooperation in the Arctic: geopolitics and economics
Authors: Miheeva N 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The article examines Chinese-Russian cooperation in projects for the Northern Sea Route (NSR) renovation. The authors compare priorities of the Chinese companies in the NSR modernization with the interests of the Russia in terms of the “development zones” concepts. The materials of the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea, the open materials from the project activities of Russian and Chinese companies allowed to present the geography of projects with the Chinese participation, to define the Russian Arctic regions that are of greatest interest to Chinese investments, as well as companies’ participation in the infrastructure projects. Based on statistical analysis, the study reveals the pattern of growth for China’s direct investment in infrastructure projects in the Russian Arctic zone. Highlights a positive trend in the development of Russian-Chinese cooperation, increase the proportion of the Chinese presence in modernization projects of NSR, in the sphere of production of hydrocarbons. Changing motivations Chinese business participation in infrastructure projects - from the desire to make available NSR for the carriage of goods from Asia to Europe to establish a reference ports for sales of commodity products of China. Obvious differences in opinion in the prospects for further cooperation of the Russia and China.
Modeling the management of a service underwater vehicle while maneuvering in an environment with obstacles
Authors: Vasilyev I , Leontyev V , Polovko S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Difficulty in the development of the Arctic and the Far North are associated not only with the harsh natural conditions, but also with extreme professional risk. High-risk underwater operations at industrial facilities requires for underwater robots. Many works (inspection, docking with manifolds, etc.) are associated with operations in an environment with obstacles. The use of robotic systems is a natural choice in these conditions, especially at offshore facilities. The most difficult and dangerous are underwater operations on offshore production platforms and transporting offshore pipelines. For high-risk underwater operations at industrial facilities, service autonomous underwater vehicles (PA) are required. Many works (inspection, operations on manifolds docked with collectors, etc.) are associated with operations in an environment with obstacles; therefore the kinematic scheme of the underwater vehicle should provide increased maneuverability and ease of use when working in an environment with obstacles. When developing the appropriate control mode for the underwater vehicle (UV), it is important to consider the dynamic parameters of the UV when solving the problem of its positioning (the positioning problem itself can be solved by means of a technical vision system - TVS). The article discusses two generalized models of UV for work on man-made objects and the results of computational experiments that simulate the reduction of UV to a target point, the coordinates of which are determined using the TVS.
Improving the processing of machine vision images of robotic systems in the Arctic
Authors: Milyaev N , Kaznin A , Sushko O , Skotarenko O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The transformation of the development of the Arctic is due to modern robotic systems. The use of unmanned vehicles in many industries in the Arctic provides an array of photo and video information. Accuracy of image analysis and pattern recognition is enhanced by image preprocessing. However, the existing binarization algorithms are not universal for images with different distortions and loss of information. The accuracy of binarization algorithms depends on many factors, such as shadows, uneven lighting, low contrast, noise, etc. Images with different characteristics of light and noise are simulated in order to model various lighting conditions on information from digital cameras of robotic systems. The paper investigates global and adaptive image binarization algorithms. The binarized images were obtained using these algorithms and the results of binarized images recognition are compared by an optical character recognition system. An analysis of the comparison results showed that for images made in poor lighting conditions or images with low contrast, or images with high noise levels, adaptive binarization algorithms are better suited. However, in most cases it is not possible to obtain fully correctly recognized images.The paper proposes a new binarization method based on artificial neural networks. The process of creating an artificial neural network is shown, include the parameters for determining the class of a pixel, the adjustment of weights, the architecture of an artificial neural network. A comparison of the proposed artificial neural network with existing image binarization algorithms demonstrate that in most cases the artificial neural network has the result of image processing at the level of adaptive algorithms or higher. The proposed method of images binarization based on the image color characteristics analysis allows to solve image recognition tasks by robotized systems.
The Population Settlement in Russia’s Arctic Zone: Facts and Trends
Authors: Samarina V P , Samarin A V , Skufina T P , Baranov S V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the paper the authors present the study of facts and trends in population settlement in regions of Russian Arctic Zone. The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the location of the population in the Arctic Zone depends not only on the socio-economic development of the Arctic territories, but also on Russia’s geopolitical security. The authors considered population settlement from two interrelated positions: the process of a certain territory settling in the process of migration and the result of this process – the residents’ resettlement in regions. Some main indicators of the population settlement in regions completely or partially located in the Arctic were estimated. The authors proceeded from several hypotheses: firstly, socio-economic resource factors of population distribution become the most significant; secondly, Russia’s Arctic regions are poorly populated and their population continues to decline; thirdly, migration in Arctic regions is voluntary, it has an economic character and its direction changed depending on economic and social conditions; fourthly, Arctic settlements differ significantly from ones in other Russia’s territories; fifthly, problem-solving of the settlement population in the Arctic territories is the key to solving the problem of Russia’s development. The research made possible to confirm or disprove these hypotheses.