bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An incidental diagnosis of an unusually located echinococcus alveolaris
Authors: Çoban Ganime , Abdallah Anas , Gücin Zuhal , Alkan Alpay 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Hydatid cyst disease is a zoonotic infection caused by the genus Echinococcus. Hydatid cysts are usually located in the liver or lungs whereas the brain is an unusual location. A 45-year-old male patient was diagnosed with an intracranial mass suggesting a metastasis in the frontal region shown in the cranial computed tomography (CT) scan following a cranial trauma. The histological evaluation revealed an acellular laminated lesion surrounded with reactive changes, compatible with a cuticle. These findings were evaluated in favour of a hydatid cyst caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. Alveolar echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by the genus Echinococcus multilocularis. Hydatid cyst is a common public health issue in the countries where livestock farming is common. Primary or metastatic tumours and abscesses should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hydatid cysts regardless of their location.
Primary subglottic inverted papilloma: An exceptional localization
Authors: Saraydaroglu Özlem , İnan Hakkı Caner , Yirmibes Selin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Inverted papillomas are predominantly seen in the sinonasal region. Extra-sinonasal lesions are considered to be heterotopic. We present a case of primary laryngeal inverted papilloma with an unusual subglottic localization. An 84-year-old female patient presented with dyspnea on exertion. In the endoscopic examination, a subglottic vegetative lesion was observed. Radiological examination revealed a well-circumscribed, solid mass involving the anterior commissure and extending to the subglottic region. Total excision of the mass was performed with the CO2 laser surgery. Histopathologic examination revealed endophytic growth of round-oval nests of transitional hyperplastic epithelium. The patient was diagnosed with primary laryngeal inverted papilloma. Primary laryngeal inverted papillomas are extremely rare. This is the fifth case and the only the second with a subglottic localization. Due to its rarity, it is difficult to predict the underlying cause and clinical course. However, cases with an atypical localization must be followed up like those in the sinonasal region.
Liposarcoma of tongue: A case report
Authors: Kaur Amarjot , Singh Aminder , Narang Vikram , Kakkar Chandan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Liposarcoma (LS) is one of the most common malignant tumors. However, oral LS is an extremely rare lesion that is often clinically misdiagnosed as a benign lesion because of its asymptomatic and indolent clinical course. In oral cavity, the tongue is the most frequent site for its occurrence.
Clinico-Radiological Outcomes of Conservative versus Operative Treatment of Physeal Injuries
Authors: Anwer Adnan , Siddiqui Yasir Salam , Abbas Mazhar , Jain Shrey , Aziz Mohd Hadi , Adnan Mohd. , Harun Faisal , Adil Mohd 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Physeal injuries are common in our day-to-day practice, with the utmost importance on early recognition so as to avoid complications such as premature physeal closure or limb length discrepancy. Physeal injuries are often missed, leading to poor outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the operative and nonoperative methods of treating physeal injuries.

Materials and Methods:
All pediatric patients who presented to the casualty ward with physeal injuries were enrolled, and regional distribution was done. Salter–Harris classification was used to classify the type of physeal injuries. Additional investigations such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were done where needed.

Results:
A total of 117 patients were included in the study, out of which 73 were male and 44 were females. Type II Salter–Harris injuries were found to be the most common. Left-sided injuries were common as compared to right-side ones, out of which road traffic accidents was the most common mechanism of injury, followed by slips and falls. About 94.1% were closed injuries, while 5.98% were compounding injuries. Out of 117 patients, 73 were treated conservatively, while 44 were managed operatively.

Conclusion:
This study illustrated an overall similar success between the surgical and the conservative treatments for pediatric physeal injuries. Due to the higher complication rate reported in the conservative management group, the conservative treatment cannot be considered safer than the surgical treatment. With early recognition and effective treatment of physeal injuries, good results are expected even in intra-articular physeal injuries. Long-term follow-up is important to identify the development of physeal growth disturbances.
Painless Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis in Two Siblings
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Kushwaha Sudhir Shyam , Varshney Shalabh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), also known as juvenile idiopathic arthritis or Still’s disease, is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder primarily affecting children under 16 years of age. Rarely, do cases present without pain contrary to typical symptoms of pain, swelling, and stiffness. This report details two siblings with painless JRA, highlighting the importance of early recognition of atypical presentations and the potential genetic or environmental factors contributing to familial occurrence.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of insomnia among adults attending primary health care settings in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Juma Noor A. , Alshehabi Diana S. , Ali Fatema S. , Baqer Tahera H. , Alherz Zahra A. , Budhaish Naeema , Alsaffar Basma 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Insomnia patients often visit their primary care physician, but their sleep disorders go undiagnosed and many sufferers do not receive adequate care. This study aims to detect insomnia among adults in Bahrain and its associated risk factors in order to provide a better quality of sleep for these individuals.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary health care center with 400 adult participants in Bahrain. The study participants completed a self-administered questionnaire containing two parts: a structured part for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, and the AIS.

Results:
Among the participants, 59% had insomnia. The highest prevalence was among students (80%) (P < 0.001). Regarding risk factors, insomnia was more prevalent in females (64.5%) (P = 0.017), unmarried (66.9%) (P = 0.037), and those who practiced physical activity less than 30 minutes per day (53.9%) (P = 0.032).

Conclusion:
Insomnia is a prevalent problem among primary healthcare attendees that needs special attention. It is mostly associated, according to this study, with young age < 30 years, female sex, being a student, and physical inactivity.
Results from a UK consensus about the optimal prescribing of medium strength triple therapy in uncontrolled adult asthma patients in the NHS
Authors: Russell Richard E. K. , Attar-Zadeh Darush , Harper Natalie , Mosgrove Fiona , Rush Laura , Singh Dave 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
An inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in combination with a long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) is a common treatment approach for asthma patients not controlled on ICS alone, but a significant proportion of patients remain uncontrolled on this combination and treatment adherence can also be a challenge. One of the options for adults whose asthma is uncontrolled in an ICS/LABA is the addition of a long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist (LAMA), an approach commonly referred to as ‘triple therapy’. The use of medium-strength ICS/LABA/LAMA is established in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease but is less well-established in asthma. Lack of clarity exists regarding who should prescribe ICS/LABA/LAMA and in which patients, and this is compounded by a lack of consistency among guidelines.

Aims:
To define the optimal prescribing of medium-strength ICS/LABA/LAMA triple therapy in adult asthma patients uncontrolled on ICS/LABA.

Methods and Material:
Using a modified Delphi method, a panel of experts developed 39 Likert scale statements across six key domains. These statements were used to develop an online survey that was distributed to healthcare providers (HCPs) working with adult asthma throughout the UK. The threshold for consensus was set at 75%.

Results:
In total, 314 responses were received from primary and secondary care stakeholders involved in the management of asthma. On analysis, 22/39 statements reached a very strong agreement (≥90%) and 16/39 attained strong agreement (≥75% and < 90). From these results, the panellists developed a set of twelve recommendations to help define how an optimal approach for prescribing triple therapy in patients who are uncontrolled on an ICS/LABA can be achieved.

Conclusions:
The strength of agreement shows that HCPs support the use of medium-strength ICS/LABA/LAMA triple therapy in appropriate asthma patients, and that clarity is needed regarding how best this can be achieved. The proposed set of recommendations provides such guidance to support the prescribing of triple therapy in primary care.
How the development of chronic morbidity and multimorbidity depends on natural age of menopause: Results from nationally representative cross-sectional Indian study
Authors: Halder Pritam , Kansal Shubham , Chadhar Kartik , Seth Aswani , Das Semanti , Pal Saumyarup , Das Anamika , Vijayakumar Dheenadhayalan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Multimorbidity development is linked with the age at menopause. Fewer studies are available to support the findings. This study was conducted to find, how multimorbidity is associated with the natural age of menopause.

Methodology:
LASI-1, a longitudinal study, collected detailed information on the psychological, social, economic, and health aspects of aging in India. Wave-1 data collection was done in all 35 states and union territories in India. Baseline data was collected from year 2017–2019. As the current study was a secondary data analysis to find the association between multimorbidity and age of menopause, only eligible women’s relevant data was analyzed.

Results:
A total of 25,256 women were analyzed, 67.8% of participants had at least one comorbidity. The mean age was 58.5 ± 10.17 years. 57.04% and 13.45% women had optimal or suboptimal menopause, while 7.4%, 17.5%, and 4.4% had premature, early, and delayed menopause. A significant association was found for the presence of multimorbidity and premature (AOR 1.19 (1.07–1.32)), early menopause (AOR 1.18 (1.10–1.27)), and optimal age of menopause (AOR 0.83 (0.78–0.88)).

Conclusion:
There is a high burden of multimorbidity and it is associated with the natural age of menopause. This study would be helpful for effective policymaking and a better primary healthcare approach to deal with the condition.
Analysis and trends of caesarean sections using Robson’s classification over 7-year period at a rural teaching hospital
Authors: Nadella Mahathi , Maila Shyam S. , Nagelli Indira , Basany Kalpana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
A ten-group classification system of caesarean section was proposed by Michael Robson in 2001. It is helpful in comparing the rates of caesarean section between hospitals. The objective of this study was to determine the caesarean section rates to analyse trends of caesarean section and classify according to Robson’s categories.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2016 to 2022. A total of 3176 women who underwent caesarean section were grouped under Robson’s ten-group classification system.

Results:
The most common group was Group 5 (All multiparous women with at least one previous uterine scar, with single cephalic pregnancy, ≥37 weeks gestation) followed by Group 2 (Nulliparous women, with single cephalic pregnancy, >37 weeks gestation who either had labour induced or were delivered by caesarean section before labour). Results were obtained for the specified period (from 2016 to 2022), and Group 5 contributes more to the total CS rates (45% in 2016, 46% in 2017, 46% in 2018, 57% in 2019, 49% in 2020, 52% in 2021, 54% in 2022), followed by Group 2 (20% in 2016, 17% in 2017, 18% in 2018, 19% in 2019, 26% in 2020, 24% in 2021, 24% in 2022).

Conclusion:
Pregnant women with prior uterine scars contribute more to caesarean section rates according to Robson’s categories. Hence, strategies must be implemented to lower the primary caesarean section rates.
Evaluation of medicine use behaviors of adult patients in a rural area: A cross-sectional study from Turkey
Authors: Alan Hakan , Cubukcu Mahcube , Guzel Eda C. , Yildiz Latife M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background/Purpose:
This study aimed to determine the medicine usage behaviors of patients (>65 years) registered to the family health care center (FHCC) in a rural area.

Methods:
This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed on 224 geriatric patients admitted to the FHCC in Terme town of Samsun between January 2018 and March 2018. The questionnaire consisting of 29 questions about sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge of drugs, and usage habits was applied to the participants by using the face-to-face interview technique. SPSS (version 23.0. SPSS Inc. Chicago. IL. USA) program was used in the analysis. P values of less than 0.05 were considered significant.

Results:
The mean age was 73.01± 0.3.14 years, 53.19% were male, 87.4% were married, and 52.9% had chronic diseases. Of all participants, 56% stated that they visited physicians when they got ill; 22% used drugs at home without consulting a physician. The presence of chronic disease appears to be associated with keeping drugs at home (P = 0.023). The most common medicines consumed without a prescription were painkillers; 67.6%. 20.9% of the participants stated recommending medication to their surroundings related to their level of education (P = 0.011). Furthermore, 24.9% stated that they had stopped their medications before the recommended time. Moreover, 82.9% of the group read the instructions before use. Those signs were more significant in males and in those >75 years old (P = 0.001 and P = 0.024, respectively).

Conclusion:
Rational use of medicine was associated with gender, chronic disease, and educational level in geriatric patients. The importance of rational drug use in society should be explained by individual characteristics.
Navigating herpes simplex encephalitis: Family medicine perspectives from Jharkhand, India
Authors: Patel Amit Kumar , Sharma Ashok Kumar , Seema Kumari , Kumar Abhay , Boipai Manju , Guria Rishi Tuhin , Sahu Upendra Prasad , Kumar Manoj 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common cause of sporadic encephalitis that often presents as an emergency case of acute or sub-acute nature associated with poor prognosis. Early suspicion and prompt diagnostic testing with adequate antiviral therapy can only reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. This study aims to evaluate the role of serological and molecular diagnosis of encephalitis caused by HSV 1 and 2 for timely detection of the disease.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Institute of Medical Science, Ranchi, from April 2021 to September 2022. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected and processed for the detection of HSV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as well as serum samples were collected from those patients and were processed for the detection of IgM by ELISA.

Results:
A total of 188 CSF samples were collected, out of which 4 HSV-1 and 1 HSV-2 samples were found to be positive by conventional PCR. 36 samples were positive for HSV-1 and 2 IgM ELISA. 26.06% of cases belonged to patients between 0 and 10 years of age followed by 17.06% in 51-60 years age groups.

Conclusion:
PCR is the optimal diagnostic test, but the sample must be collected in the early stages of the disease. Diagnosis by PCR assay of CSF samples targeting HSV DNA is the best confirmatory test at hand for early detection and also helps in estimating the incidence of herpes simplex virus encephalitis.
Factors influencing adherence to dietary recommendations for type 2 diabetes mellitus and their impact on disease control: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Patel Harsh K. , Unadkat Sumit V. , Patel Bela A. , Parmar Dipesh V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease, with current estimates by the IDF (International Diabetes Federation) suggesting nationwide prevalence rates of 9.2% among Indians aged 20–79 years. An appropriate dietary pattern is widely accepted as a cornerstone of treatment among diabetes patients. However, motivating patients to achieve dietary self-care behaviors is challenging and requires ongoing efforts between patients and multidisciplinary teams. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to assess the level of adherence to the diet, to find out the association between dietary practices and disease profile, and to explore the reasons behind not adhering to the recommended diet.

Methodology:
The present cross-sectional study was conducted among type 2 diabetic patients visiting the NCD clinic in a tertiary care hospital and three CHCs in Jamnagar district. The final sample size was 450. A structured interview schedule containing sociodemographic profiles, details regarding diabetes mellitus, and dietary details was developed. Dietary assessment was done using the UKDDQ.

Result:
In a study of 450 participants, 44.88% were aged 61–70 years. The majority were Hindu (88%), with 69.3% residing in urban areas and 30.7% in rural areas. Using the UKDDQ dietary score, 71.55% had a healthy diet. This score was negatively correlated with BMI, HbA1c, and RBS. Factors such as family type, area of residence, family history of diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetes, mode of treatment, HbA1c, and complications of diabetes were significantly associated with the dietary score.

Conclusion:
The study found that poor dietary scores were linked to worse disease outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Identifying and addressing barriers to dietary adherence is crucial for improving outcomes and modifying recommendations accordingly.
Postpartum depression in Gujarat, India: Associations with social support, breastfeeding attitudes, and self-efficacy
Authors: Surati Bhumika , Yogesh M , Munshi Raza , Vamja Roshni 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern with detrimental effects on maternal and child well-being. Social support, breastfeeding attitudes, and self-efficacy have been identified as potential protective or risk factors for PPD. This study aimed to investigate the associations between PPD, social support, breastfeeding attitudes, and self-efficacy among postpartum women in Gujarat, India.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 postpartum women in Gujarat, India. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric factors, PPD (assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), social support, breastfeeding attitudes, and self-efficacy were collected through structured interviews. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between PPD and the independent variables.

Results:
The prevalence of PPD in the study population was 50.1% (n = 202), with 28.8% (n = 116) experiencing mild depression, 16.6% (n = 67) moderate depression, and 4.7% (n = 19) severe depression. Lower educational level (n = 120, 29.8%; AOR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.04–2.85), lower socioeconomic status (n = 242, 60%; AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.12–3.02), non-exclusive breastfeeding (n = 167, 41.4%; AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.11–2.54), low social support (n = 101, 25.1%; AOR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.57–4.02), and a history of depression (n = 93, 23.1%; AOR: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.82–4.75) were significantly associated with higher odds of PPD in the multivariate analysis. In addition, negative breastfeeding attitudes and low self-efficacy levels were associated with increased odds of PPD.

Conclusions:
The findings highlight the significant associations between PPD and various sociodemographic, obstetric, and psychosocial factors among postpartum women in Gujarat, India. Interventions targeting social support, breastfeeding attitudes, and self-efficacy, as well as targeted support for women with identified risk factors, may help mitigate the burden of PPD and promote maternal well-being.
Assessment of national tobacco control program (NTCP) initiative on tobacco cessation among transgenders in Puducherry – A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Sidhu Logesh , Kumar Suriya , Ragavane Priyadharshini , Chandrasekaran Priyanga , Murugappan Senthil 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the impact of the National Tobacco Control Program initiative on the attitudes toward tobacco use and tobacco dependency among transgender individuals in Puducherry.

Materials and Methods:
A Quasi-experimental design was used to examine the effectiveness of the intervention. The study involved 52 transgender individuals from the SCOHD organization in Puducherry. The intervention included two awareness sessions, the Distribution of IEC materials during each session, and recreational activities for the participants. Changes in attitude toward tobacco use were measured using the Intention to Quit Tobacco questionnaire, while tobacco dependency among participants was assessed using the Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependency Scale (FNDS). Measurements were taken at baseline and third month to track the evolution of attitudes and dependency.

Results:
The program resulted in significant shifts in attitude and nicotine dependency among transgender individuals. This program indicated a positive trend, with an increase in individuals progressing to the contemplation and preparation stages, suggesting a growing willingness to reduce or quit tobacco use. The Fagerstrom Nicotine Dependency Scale showed a decrease in nicotine dependency over three months.

Conclusion:
The NTCP awareness sessions and follow-ups had a noticeable impact on altering attitudes toward tobacco use and reducing nicotine dependency among transgender individuals in Puducherry.