bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Retro‐biosynthesis‐Based Route to Generate Pinene‐Derived Polyesters
Authors: Stamm Arne , Biundo Antonino , Schmidt Björn , Brücher Jörg , Lundmark Stefan , Olsén Peter , Fogelström Linda , Malmström Eva , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Syrén Per‐Olof 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSignificantly increased production of biobased polymers is a prerequisite to replace petroleum‐based materials towards reaching a circular bioeconomy. However, many renewable building blocks from wood and other plant material are not directly amenable for polymerization, due to their inert backbones and/or lack of functional group compatibility with the desired polymerization type. Based on a retro‐biosynthetic analysis of polyesters, a chemoenzymatic route from (−)‐α‐pinene towards a verbanone‐based lactone, which is further used in ring‐opening polymerization, is presented. Generated pinene‐derived polyesters showed elevated degradation and glass transition temperatures, compared with poly(ϵ‐decalactone), which lacks a ring structure in its backbone. Semirational enzyme engineering of the cyclohexanone monooxygenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus enabled the biosynthesis of the key lactone intermediate for the targeted polyester. As a proof of principle, one enzyme variant identified from screening in a microtiter plate was used in biocatalytic upscaling, which afforded the bicyclic lactone in 39 % conversion in shake flask scale reactions.
Geographic origin identification and rapid determination of four constituents of Gentiana rigescens by FTIR combined with chemometrics
Authors: Zhao Yanli , Yuan Tianjun , Zhang Ji , Wang Yuanzhong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGentiana rigescens is one of the most important traditional Chinese medicines because of its therapeutic effects in protecting the liver and promoting bile discharge, anti‐hypertension, and spasm and pain relief. To enhance quality control, a comprehensive assessment of G. rigescens from different geographic origins by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) in combination with chemometrics was conducted. Through pretreatment by the second derivative, spectrum standard deviation and Monte Carlo uninformative variable elimination (MC‐UVE), the characteristic FTIR spectra were selected and an identification model of the different geographic origins of G. rigescens was built by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA). The validation results showed that the accuracy rates of the model were 100%, 97.22%, and 100% for samples from Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan, respectively. On the basis of the correlation between characteristic spectral points and the contents of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, and loganic acid, quantitative models were established by partial least squares regression (PLSR). The measured and predicted values were not significantly different as assessed through the paired t test (p > 0.05). Additionally, the characteristic spectra were interpreted, and 93 common peaks were selected. FTIR analysis combined with chemometric methods could accurately identify the different geographic origins of G. rigescens and rapidly predict the content of swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweroside, and loganic acid, thus providing a comprehensive method of evaluating traditional Chinese medicines.
Facile Synthesis of Stable MO2N Nanobelts with High Catalytic Activity for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Xu Jun , Yan Han , Jin Zhao , Jia Chun‐Jiang 
Published: February 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionIn the present work, high quality γ‐Mo2N catalysts for ammonia decomposition were successfully synthesized via temperature programmed nitridation of α‐MoO3 nanobelts. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of MoO3 precursors were obtained by using the orthogonal experimental method. The MoO3 precursors and the corresponding fresh and used Mo2N catalysts were characterized by various characterization techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and N2 adsorption‐desorption. Furthermore, temperature‐ programmed desorption by N2 or NH3 and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were performed to better understand the chemical properties of Mo2N catalysts. The results revealed that Mo2N catalyst has good NH3 adsorption ability and facilitates the dissociation adsorption of N2. Moreover, the morphology and structure of Mo2N catalysts well maintained after the reaction. Therefore, among the three transition metal nitrides (Mo2N, W2N and VN) and some Mo‐based catalysts previously reported, Mo2N catalysts showed very high activity and stability. Nearly 94% conversion of NH3 could be reached at 550°C with the gas hourly space velocity of 22000 cm3∙gcat–1∙h–1 and no obvious deactivation was observed during a 72 h test.
Psychiatric disorders in adolescent cancer survivors: A systematic review of prevalence and predictors
Authors: Kosir Urska , Wiedemann Milan , Wild Jennifer , Bowes Lucy 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdolescent cancer survivors are a particularly vulnerable group of young patients. Compared with healthy peers, adolescent survivors face more psychosocial difficulties and are at increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders.AimsWe aimed to establish prevalence rates and predictors of psychiatric disorders in young cancer survivors and discuss areas for targeted interventions.MethodWe systematically reviewed four major online databases: Embase, PsychINFO, Scopus, and Medline for quantitative studies evaluating mental health in adolescent cancer survivors. We used a narrative synthesis approach.ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria. Across the sample, up to 34% met criteria for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 13% for clinical depression, and 8% for anxiety. Maladaptive coping, illness relapse, higher number of late effects, brain tumor diagnosis, and poor family functioning and parental distress were associated with higher psychological distress.ConclusionsA significant subset of adolescent survivors reports PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Individuals who present with more vulnerabilities and higher risk indices should be routinely assessed in order to reduce the psychological, social, and economic burden associated with poor mental health in this population. Early prevention strategies should target maladaptive coping mechanisms and promote healthy peer relationships and family functioning.
Electronic and Photophysical Properties of 9,10‐Anthrylene‐Bridged B‐π‐N Donor‐Acceptor Molecules with Solid‐State Emission in the Yellow to Red Region
Authors: Uebe Masashi , Sakamaki Daisuke , Ito Akihiro 
Published: February 2019

Abstract9,10‐Anthrylene‐bridged triarylborane‐triarylamine donor–acceptor compounds were prepared to examine the influence of the bulky π‐bridge on the electronic and photophysical properties of the compounds, with the aim of realizing their solid‐state emission. The intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) absorption and emission between the vacant p orbital on the boron center, p(B), and occupied p orbital on the nitrogen center, p(N), through the π orbital of the anthrylene, π(anthrylene), were observed, and it was demonstrated that the HOMO‐LUMO gap decreased with increasing number of introduced anthrylene units because of the effective lowering of LUMO originating from the p(B)‐π(anthrylene) orbital interaction. The compounds exhibited solid‐state emission with emission maxima at 560 nm and 643 nm, respectively, in the yellow to red region, with the corresponding absolute solid‐state quantum yield of 18 % and 31 %, as a result of the combination of the highly congested structure originating from the anthrylene π‐bridge and the introduction of bulky tert‐butyl protecting groups.
Diastereoselective Photocycloaddition Reaction of Vinyl Ether Tethered to 1,4‐Naphthoquinone
Authors: Ishikawa Hiroki , Chung Tim S. , Fukuhara Gaku , Shigemitsu Hajime , Kida Toshiyuki , Bach Thorsten , Mori Tadashi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe intramolecular asymmetric photocycloaddition between 1,4‐naphthoquinone and vinyl ether with a small (R)‐point‐chiral group on the tether was studied. Under photoirradiation, [2+2] cyclobutane products were exclusively obtained for this intramolecular system. The effect of solvent polarity on the stereoselectivity was significant, with predominant formation of the (2R,S3) over the (2R,R3) isomer in non‐polar solvents being reversed in slightly polar dichloromethane. The detailed temperature‐dependent study revealed the dominant diastereo‐differentiating processes, which were switched between the ground‐state equilibrium, the relative rate of bond formation in the triplet manifold, as well as deactivation processes between the pro‐(S3) and pro‐(R3) precursors, depending on the temperature domain examined. The enthalpic contribution (ΔΔH≠) was always compensated by the entropic factor (ΔΔS≠), implying the importance of solvation on the diastereo‐differentiation steps. The mechanism of photocycloaddition, especially for the face‐selective processes, is thoroughly discussed, which is supported by quantum chemical calculations on the ground‐state circular dichroism (CD) spectral behavior as well as on the diastereomeric transition states in the triplet excited state.
A new switched‐capacitor/switched‐inductor–based converter with high voltage gain and low voltage stress on switches
Authors: Chavoshipour Heris Pedram , Saadatizadeh Zahra , Sabahi Mehran , Babaei Ebrahim 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a nonisolated transformerless switched‐capacitor/switched‐inductor–based dc‐dc converter with high voltage gain is proposed. The proposed converter has low voltage stress on switches and diodes which leads to decrease the switching losses. The voltage gain of the proposed converter can be increased by adding more diode‐capacitor modules at output side; therefore, the proposed converter has expandable structure. The proposed converter has higher voltage gain and lower voltage stress on switches comparing with the other similar switched‐capacitor–based converters. The proposed converter uses two switches with the same switching pattern. Therefore, its switching pattern is not complicated. In this paper, the proposed converter is analyzed during a switching period which has two operating modes. Moreover, the average current through the switches, diodes, and inductors; voltage stress on switches and diodes; voltage gain; maximum and minimum current of switches and diodes; and the efficiency curve are calculated. Finally, in order to verify the accuracy performance of the proposed converter, a 530‐W 40 to 920‐V prototype is implemented practically.
Applying the disgust conditioning model of food avoidance: A case study of acceptance‐based interoceptive exposure
Authors: Plasencia Maribel , Sysko Robyn , Fink Keren , Hildebrandt Tom 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe current case report details the treatment of a 16‐year‐old adolescent with anorexia nervosa utilizing a novel adjunct, acceptance‐based interoceptive exposure, prior to family‐based treatment (FBT) for eating disorders.MethodThe exposure‐based module focused particularly on the tolerance of disgust. For six sessions, the clinician taught the client skills that could be used to tolerate distress to visceral sensations associated with disgust. These skills were to be used during in‐ and between‐session exposures. Each session included exposure to physical sensations that occurred while drinking a milkshake.ResultsAcross six sessions, the client reported improvement in symptoms in addition to gaining weight. Additionally, she consumed more calories of a test meal following the intervention. Within broader FBT, the client reached an established weight goal, was able to return to physical activity, and reported an increased ability to manage distress.DiscussionGiven the client's improvement on the Eating Disorders Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) within six sessions, we believe IE may be a useful adjunct to FBT. Interoceptive exposure may augment the efficacy of FBT for anorexia nervosa as it provides clients with skills to utilize during the refeeding phase of treatment.
Introduction to a special issue on child and adolescent feeding and eating disorders and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder
Authors: Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe are very pleased to introduce a special issue of the International Journal of Eating Disorders on child and adolescent feeding and eating disorders and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).MethodContributions focused on five main themes: (1) the definition and assessment of ARFID; (2) the clinical phenomenology of ARFID; (3) similarities and differences between ARFID and anorexia nervosa (AN); (4) novel treatments for ARFID; and (5) new ideas for improving treatment outcomes in AN.ResultsThese papers highlight the importance of clear operationalization and measurement of the ARFID diagnostic criteria. ARFID phenotypes bear both similarities and important differences in clinical profile, course, and outcome from AN. Findings suggest the utility of adapting existing treatments for restrictive eating disorders to apply to ARFID and engender clinical creativity to move beyond existing treatments and develop novel interventions that address the heterogeneity of ARFID. Furthermore, burgeoning understanding of ARFID offers the potential that novel treatments for ARFID may also be applied to improve outcomes for AN.DiscussionThis collection of papers features child and adolescent feeding and eating disorder patient groups that have been understudied and we hope that this catalyzes clinical research in these important presentations.
Enhancing immunity prevents virus‐induced T‐cell‐mediated immunopathology in B cell‐deficient mice
Authors: Straub Tobias , Pircher Hanspeter 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHyper‐activated or deviated immune responses can result in immunopathological diseases. Paradoxically, immunodeficiency represents a frequent cause of such immune‐mediated pathologies. Immunopathological manifestations are commonly treated by immunosuppression, but in situations in which immunodeficiency is the basis of disease development, enhancing immunity may represent an alternative treatment option. Here, we tested this counterintuitive concept in a preclinical model using infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Firstly, we demonstrate that infection of B‐cell‐deficient (B−/−) but not of wild‐type (WT) mice with the LCMV strain Docile induced a rapid and fatal CD8+ T‐cell‐mediated immunopathological disease. Similar to WT mice, LCMV‐infected B−/− mice generated a potent, functional LCMV‐specific CD8+ T‐cell response but exhibited prolonged viral antigen presentation and increased vascular leakage in liver and lungs. Secondly, we were able to prevent this virus‐induced immunopathology in B−/− mice by active or passive T‐cell immunizations or by treatment with LCMV‐specific virus neutralizing or non‐neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Thus, boosting antiviral immunity did not aggravate immunopathology in this model, but prevented it by decreasing the formation of target structures for damage‐causing CD8+ T cells.
Patients’ Global Impression of Change in the management of peripheral neuropathic pain: Clinical relevance and correlations in daily practice
Authors: Perrot Serge , Lantéri‐Minet Michel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐Reported Outcome (PRO) instruments have been developed to evaluate pain management in daily practice; the Patients’ Global Impression of Change (PGIC) is particularly recommended by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials. The prospective non‐interventional multicenter PRO‐QURE study aimed at assessing correlations between PGIC and pain measurements and treatment effects in patients followed in French pain centres.MethodsRespectively, 495 and 379 patients with peripheral neuropathic pain initiating treatment with capsaicin 8% cutaneous patch(es) (female, 62.6%; mean age, 54.0 ± 14.8 years; post‐surgical or traumatic pain, 52.7%; mean pain duration, 42.2 ± 54.1 months; DN4 score >4, 92.9%) completed the PGIC and several other PRO instruments before (baseline) and 3 months (M3) after treatment application.ResultsAt M3, improvement (“much improved” or “very much improved”) was observed in 23.0% of patients, associated with decreases of −3.0 ± 2.2, −2.5 ± 2.4, and −23.1 ± 19.7 in BPI pain intensity, BPI pain interference and NPSI total scores, respectively. The highest Spearman's rank correlation coefficients with PGIC were found for pain intensity (BPI: r = −0.479, p < 0.001), satisfaction with current state (Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State: r = 0.455, p < 0.001), and treatment effectiveness (TSQM: r = 0.431, p < 0.001); correlation coefficients were lower for all NPSI scores, BPI pain interference score, HAD scores and EQ‐5D‐3L index.ConclusionsIn daily clinical practice, significant improvement in peripheral neuropathic pain, as assessed by PGIC scores, significantly correlated with changes in well‐established measures of pain intensity, pain interference with activities of daily living, mood and quality of life, confirming its clinical interest as PRO measure in real‐world conditions.SignificanceClinically important improvement in peripheral neuropathic pain, as assessed by PGIC scores, significantly correlated with well‐established measures of pain intensity, pain interference in daily life and treatment efficacy. This result, associated with the ease of administration and scoring, encourages the widespread use of the PGIC in daily practice.
Revisiting established medicines: An overview of systematic reviews about ibuprofen and paracetamol for treating pain in children
Authors: Radman Marija , Babic Andrija , Runjic Edita , Jelicic Kadic Antonia , Jeric Milka , Moja Lorenzo , Puljak Livia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveWe explored how systematic reviews evaluated paracetamol and ibuprofen for treating pain in children, as these two non‐opioid analgesics are well‐established medicines included in most national essential medicines lists.Databases and data treatmentWe carried out an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions (PROSPERO registration: 42016045367). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and Database of Reviews of Effects (DARE) up to 23 August 2017. We used AMSTAR checklist to analyse methodological quality of included SRs.ResultsWe found 17 SRs with 72 unique RCTs; the majority of those trials included under 100 children. Positive conclusive evidence was found in only one SR, regarding safety of paracetamol. Conclusions of other SRs for efficacy and safety of ibuprofen and paracetamol were inconclusive, unclear, or there was no opinion. Only one SR analysed efficacy of ibuprofen and other non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in chronic pain and the conclusion was that there was no evidence from RCTs that NSAIDs were effective for chronic non‐cancer pain in children and adolescents. Most of the SRs addressed very narrow questions, included few trials, with few children and were of low or medium methodological quality.ConclusionsMost SRs on two relevant medicines have inconsistent conclusions and doubt upon their effectiveness. Instead of focusing on very narrow questions, SRs should examine more comprehensive research topics to obtain a general sense of consistency, particularly when analysing established medicines.SignificanceEvidence behind two analgesics—ibuprofen and paracetamol—that are well‐established medicines for children in most countries appears limited, judging by the systematic reviews. The discrepancy between clinical use and the extensive evidence we reviewed may be a result of the selective criteria in the reviews examined. We need new, and better evidence syntheses supporting the use of these two medicines in wide indications regarding pain in children.
Comparing the effectiveness of integrating ergonomics and motor control to conventional treatment for pain and functional recovery of work‐related neck–shoulder pain: A randomized trial
Authors: Tsang Sharon M. H. , So Billy C. L. , Lau Rufina W. L. , Dai Jie , Szeto Grace P. Y. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundWork‐related neck and shoulder pain (WRNSP) is highly prevalent among patients who seek physiotherapy treatment. Clinicians may tend to focus on teaching home exercises and provide general advice about workplace improvement. The present study investigates the short‐ and long‐term impact of an intervention approach that emphasizes on integrating the motor control re‐education with ergonomic advice.MethodsParticipants diagnosed with WRNSP (n = 101) were randomly assigned into two groups in this randomized controlled trial. The Ergo‐motor Group (EM, n = 51) received an integrated intervention with ergonomic advice/modifications and motor control training individualized for each participant based on their specific work demands. Control Group (CO, n = 50) received treatment for pain relief and general exercises of their necks at a designated physiotherapy clinic. Neck pain intensity and functional outcome measures were assessed before, immediately and 1‐year after the 12‐week intervention programmes. Global Rating of Change Score was used to evaluate the perceived recovery at 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsBoth groups reported significant reductions in pain and functional disability scores at post‐intervention (EM, n = 44; CO, n = 42) and 1‐year follow‐up (EM, n = 40; CO, n = 38); however, no significant between‐group differences were found (p > 0.05). Significantly higher rating in global recovery score was reported in EM group at 1‐year follow‐up (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIntervention integrating ergonomic advice/modification with motor control exercise was found to be equally effective as pain relief and general exercise for pain and functional recovery. However, at 1‐year follow‐up, such integrated approach resulted in significantly better global recovery perceived by people with WRNSP.SignificanceIntegrating ergonomic intervention and motor control training achieved similar reduction in pain and functional outcomes compared to conventional physiotherapy at post‐intervention and at 1‐year follow‐up, for patients with moderate level of work‐related neck–shoulder pain and mild degree of functional disability. The Ergo‐motor Group reported significantly better perceived overall recovery at 1‐year follow‐up.