bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOJAVE. XVII. Jet Kinematics and Parent Population Properties of Relativistically Beamed Radio-loud Blazars
Authors: Lister M. L. , Homan D. C. , Hovatta T. , Kellermann K. I. , Kiehlmann S. , Kovalev Y. Y. , Max-Moerbeck W. , Pushkarev A. B. , Readhead A. C. S. , Ros E. , Savolainen T. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present results from a parsec-scale jet kinematics study of 409 bright radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs) based on 15 GHz Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) data obtained between 1994 August 31 and 2016 December 26 as part of the 2 cm VLBA survey and Monitoring Of Jets in Active galactic nuclei with VLBA Experiments (MOJAVE) programs. We tracked 1744 individual bright features in 382 jets over at least 5 epochs. A majority (59%) of the best-sampled jet features showed evidence of accelerated motion at the >3σ level. Although most features within a jet typically have speeds within ∼40% of a characteristic median value, we identified 55 features in 42 jets that had unusually slow pattern speeds, nearly all of which lie within 4 pc (100 pc deprojected) of the core feature. Our results, combined with other speeds from the literature, indicate a strong correlation between apparent jet speed and synchrotron peak frequency, with the highest jet speeds being found only in low-peaked AGNs. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we find best-fit parent population parameters for a complete sample of 174 quasars above 1.5 Jy at 15 GHz. Acceptable fits are found with a jet population that has a simple unbeamed power-law luminosity function incorporating pure luminosity evolution and a power-law Lorentz factor distribution ranging from 1.25 to 50 with slope −1.4 ± 0.2. The parent jets of the brightest radio quasars have a space density of 261 ± 19 Gpc−3 and unbeamed 15 GHz luminosities above ∼1024.5 W Hz−1, consistent with FR II class radio galaxies.
Weak Shock Propagation with Accretion. II. Stability of Self-similar Solutions to Radial Perturbations
Authors: Coughlin Eric R. , Ro Stephen , Quataert Eliot 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Coughlin et al. derived and analyzed a new regime of self-similarity that describes weak shocks (Mach number of order unity) in the gravitational field of a point mass. These solutions are relevant to low-energy explosions, including failed supernovae. In this paper, we develop a formalism for analyzing the stability of shocks to radial perturbations, and we demonstrate that the self-similar solutions of Paper I are extremely weakly unstable to such radial perturbations. Specifically, we show that perturbations to the shock velocity and post-shock fluid quantities (the velocity, density, and pressure) grow with time as t

α
; interestingly, we find that α ≲ 0.12, implying that the 10-folding timescale of such perturbations is roughly 10 orders of magnitude in time. We confirm these predictions by performing high-resolution, time-dependent numerical simulations. Using the same formalism, we also show that the Sedov–Taylor blast wave is trivially stable to radial perturbations provided that the self-similar, Sedov–Taylor solutions extend to the origin, and we derive simple expressions for the perturbations to the post-shock velocity, density, and pressure. Finally, we show that there is a third, self-similar solution (in addition to the solutions in Paper I and the Sedov–Taylor solution) to the fluid equations that describes a rarefaction wave, i.e., an outward-propagating sound wave. We interpret the stability of shock propagation in light of these three distinct self-similar solutions.
Photoionization Emission Models for the Cyg X-3 X-Ray Spectrum
Authors: Kallman T. , McCollough M. , Koljonen K. , Liedahl D. , Miller J. , Paerels F. , Pooley G. , Sako M. , Schulz N. , Trushkin S. , Corrales L. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
We present model fits to the X-ray line spectrum of the well-known high-mass X-ray binary Cyg X-3. The primary observational data set is a spectrum taken with the Chandra X-ray Observatory High Energy Transmission Grating in 2006, though we compare it to all the other observations of this source taken so far by this instrument. We show that the density must be ≥1012 cm−3 in the region responsible for most of the emission. We discuss the influence of the dust scattering halo on the broadband spectrum, and we argue that dust scattering and extinction is not the most likely origin for the narrow feature seen near the Si K edge. We identify the features of a wind in the profiles of the strong resonance lines and show that the wind is more apparent in the lines from the lighter elements. We argue that this wind is most likely associated with the companion star. We show that the intensities of most lines can be fitted, crudely, by a single-component photoionized model. However, the iron K lines do not fit with this model. We show that the iron K line variability as a function of orbital phase is different from the lower-energy lines, which indicates that the lines arise in physically distinct regions. We discuss the interpretation of these results in the context of what is known about the system and similar systems.
Use of a Wearable Technology and Motivational Interviews to Improve Sleep in Older Adults With Osteoarthritis and Sleep Disturbance: A Pilot Study
Authors: Zaslavsky Oleg , Thompson Hilaire J. , McCurry Susan M. , Landis Carol A. , Kitsiou Spyros , Ward Teresa M. , Heitkemper Margaret M. , Demiris George 
Published: March 2019

The feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a mobile health self-management intervention aimed at improving sleep among older adults with osteoarthritis and disturbed sleep were evaluated. This was a one-group pre-/posttest pilot study. Feasibility was measured by the number of participants eligible, enrolled, and retained. Primary efficacy outcomes were Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score and two sleep actigraphy variables: total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE). Overall step count, self-efficacy (SEff), and acceptance of sleep difficulties (ASD) were mechanisms of action variables. Assessments were at baseline, Week 14 (postintervention), and Week 19 (follow up). Mixed effect models were used to measure change over time. Twenty-four participants (mean age = 71 years) were enrolled and 22 completed the study. Improvements of 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] [−2.43, −0.05];
p
= 0.04) and 2.5 (95% CI [0.9, 4.9];
p
= 0.02) points in the ISI and ASD scores, respectively, were found over the 19-week period. These findings add to a growing literature that suggests older adults might reap benefits from mobile health interventions.

Targets:
Older adults with osteoarthritis and insomnia symptoms.

Intervention Description:
Activity trackers synced to a dashboard that triggered personalized weekly step goals and motivational messages augmented by telephone motivational interviews.

Mechanism of Action:
Physical activity, SEff, and ASD.

Outcomes:
Sleep measures.

[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2019; 12(4):167–173.]
Cholecystokinin Downregulates Psoriatic Inflammation by Its Possible Self-Regulatory Effect on Epidermal Keratinocytes
Authors: Funakoshi Atsuko , Tatsuno Kazuki , Shimauchi Takatoshi , Fujiyama Toshiharu , Ito Taisuke , Tokura Yoshiki 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a peptide hormone that functions in digestive organs and the CNS. We previously showed that CCK downregulates peripheral pruritus by suppressing degranulation of mast cells. In this study, we demonstrated that CCK octapeptide (CCK8) was constitutively expressed in the epidermis of normal skin, whereas its expression was lost in acanthotic lesions of psoriasis. In contrast, CCKA receptor (CCKAR), a high-affinity receptor for CCK, was constitutively expressed in the epidermis of psoriatic skin lesions. Expression of CCK was also reduced in skin lesions of an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic mouse model. Notably, the expression level of CCK inversely correlated with the severity of epidermal inflammation, raising the possibility that CCK from epidermal keratinocytes suppresses the psoriatic inflammation. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of sulfated CCK octapeptide (CCK8S) on the development of IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation. i.p. injection of CCK8S suppressed the IMQ-induced psoriatic inflammation accompanied by reduced mRNA expression of IL-17, IL-22, and IL-6 but not of IL-23. The suppressive effect of CCK8S was completely restored by administration of CCKAR antagonist. In vitro studies showed that exogenous CCK8S suppressed IL-6 production in CCKAR-expressing cultured human keratinocytes, and blocking the endogenous CCK signaling with CCKAR antagonist markedly enhanced IL-6 production. When keratinocytes were stimulated with IL-17, the expression of endogenous CCK was significantly decreased. These findings suggest that CCK physiologically functions as a negative regulator of keratinocyte-based inflammation in an autocrine or paracrine manner, although decreased CCK may pathologically contribute to continuous and aggravated skin lesions such as psoriasis.
The Immune Deficiency Pathway Regulates Metabolic Homeostasis in Drosophila
Authors: Davoodi Saeideh , Galenza Anthony , Panteluk Andrew , Deshpande Rujuta , Ferguson Meghan , Grewal Savraj , Foley Edan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Immune and metabolic pathways collectively influence host responses to microbial invaders, and mutations in one pathway frequently disrupt activity in another. We used the Drosophila melanogaster model to characterize metabolic homeostasis in flies with modified immune deficiency (IMD) pathway activity. The IMD pathway is very similar to the mammalian TNF-α pathway, a key regulator of vertebrate immunity and metabolism. We found that persistent activation of IMD resulted in hyperglycemia, depleted fat reserves, and developmental delays, implicating IMD in metabolic regulation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that imd mutants weigh more, are hyperlipidemic, and have impaired glucose tolerance. To test the importance of metabolic regulation for host responses to bacterial infection, we challenged insulin pathway mutants with lethal doses of several Drosophila pathogens. We found that loss-of-function mutations in the insulin pathway impacted host responses to infection in a manner that depends on the route of infection and the identity of the infectious microbe. Combined, our results support a role for coordinated regulation of immune and metabolic pathways in host containment of microbial invaders.
Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Resilience among Rural Farmers in a Drought-Affected Area of Trichy District, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Viswanathan Deepak Justine , A. M Veerakumar , Kumarasamy Hemalatha 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBackground: Changes in climatic conditions and other factors including trade and commerce have influenced agriculture worldwide. These factors have created a crisis among farmers. Objectives: The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation, to measure the resilience, and to find out the factors that influence depression and resilience among farmers. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional analytical study was performed among farmers residing in a drought-affected area of Tiruchirappalli district of Tamil Nadu. The sample size was 191 and cluster sampling was used to select the participants. Structured, pretested questionnaires were used to find the prevalence of depression, suicidal ideation, and resilience among farmers. Pearson Correlation, Student’s t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson Chi-square test were used to identify the factors influencing depression and resilience. Results: A total of 194 farmers participated in the study. The mean age of the farmers was 46.68 ± 12.6 years, majority 64% were males and 89% were literates. Among the participants, 97.4% had some form of depression, and 67% had severe depression. About 60% of the farmers had suicidal ideation. Male farmers, farmers with few years of farming experience, and severe reduction in yield had a higher level of depression. Suicidal ideation was influenced by gender, small-scale farming, fewer years of experience in farming, and the impact of drought on yield. The mean resilience score was 49.4 ± 10. Gender and years of experience in farming had a significant association with resilience. Conclusion: High prevalence of depression and suicidal ideation and low level of resilience has been observed among the farmers. Interventions need to be provided for marginal and small-scale farmers, male farmers in the affected area to reduce the impact of drought in these farmers.
Blooming in the Hypothalamus
Authors: Rai Santosh P. V. , Chakraborti Shrijeet , Chandran Parvathi , Pai Muralidhar V. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTCavernomas are vascular malformations which are collections of endothelium-lined sinusoids without intervening cerebral parenchyma. Hypothalamic location of cavernoma is extremely rare. We present a case of a 34-year-old male who presented with complaints of recent memory loss and vomiting. On magnetic resonance imaging with gradient sequences and contrast, a diagnosis of hypothalamic cavernoma was suggested. Excision of lesion was performed by a right parasagittal pericoronal craniotomy via transcallosal approach. Intraoperative findings and histopathology examination corroborated the diagnosis. The uniqueness of this case report is in the susceptibility-weighted sequence which led to the radiological diagnosis.
Cerebral Coenurosis Masquerading as Malignancy: A Rare Case Report from India
Authors: Ali Shamila Mohamed , Reddy P. Somashekara , Venugopal S. , Chhabra Manmeet , Mahadevan Anita 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTHuman coenurosis is a rare zoonotic disease caused by the larvae of Tinea multiceps seen in sheep-rearing countries. We report the case of a 63-year-old male who was referred to our hospital with a working diagnosis of skull base chondrosarcoma. Histopathological examination after surgical excision revealed characteristic feature of coenurus with multiple scolices invaginating from the outer cuticular layer. Coenuri are often mistaken for giant cysticercal cysts and hydatid cysts. Despite its wide prevalence in cattle, only two cases of human coenurosis are reported from India till date. We report the third case from India.
Dorsal Spinal Intradural Intramedullary Epidermoid Cyst: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Musali Siddartha Reddy , Mohammed Imran , Gollapudi Prakash Rao , Maley Sai Kumar 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTEpidermoid cysts are commonly seen intracranial lesions but their occurrence in the spine is rare. They account for <1% of all the benign tumors of the spine. These are benign epithelial-lined cysts filled with keratin. They are classified into two types: congenital or acquired. Congenital epidermoid cysts are more commonly associated with spinal dysraphic states such as syringomyelia, dermal sinus and spina bifida whereas the acquired cysts are associated with repeated lumbar punctures. Based on the location, they can be extradural, intradural, extramedullary, or intramedullary. Most of the epidermoids are intradural extramedullary. Intramedullary epidermoid cysts are very uncommon. We report a case of a 6-year-old female patient with dorsal epidermoid cyst with neurological deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine showed a well-defined lesion from D9 to D12 which was hypointense on T1W1 and heterogeneously hyperintense on T2W2. Surgery was performed to excise the lesion and to decompress the spinal cord. Histopathological examination of the excised lesion confirmed it as an epidermoid cyst.
Etiologic and Clinical Features of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Shahid Rizwana , Zafar Azra , Nazish Saima , Alsulaiman Abdulla , Alabdali Majed , Aljaafari Danah , Ishaque Noman , Albakr Aishah Ibrahim , Alamri Abdullah , Alkhamis Fahd A. , Saqqur Maher 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Objective: Our study aims to evaluate the etiologic and clinical features of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in Saudi Arabia, and secondarily whether gender plays a role in CVST. Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from the stroke registry during the period from January 2008 to April 2018, and the patients with the diagnosis of CVST were identified, and data were analyzed for any gender-specific differences in clinical presentation and etiology of cerebral venous thrombosis. Results: There were 15 females while 11 males with a female:male ratio of 1.4:1. The mean age was 29.4± standard deviation 8.9 with the age range of 15–49. Headache was the most common and usually the first presenting symptoms present in 65% followed by hemiparesis and cranial nerve palsies. The first neurological examination was normal in 9/26 (34.6%) of the patients, while the common abnormality was cranial nerve palsies. Infections and trauma played an important part in risk factor analysis of our patient after the pregnancy- and hormone-related conditions. Some significant differences between the clinical presentation and risk factors among males and females were noted as age at presentation was higher in females while trauma and infections were common in male patients, although the involvement of the sinuses and response to treatment did not prove to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study were similar to the available literature with few differences. The relatively higher proportion of males in our study can be explained partly with more cases of traumatic CVST. Some important differences were noted between the risk factors and clinical presentation among genders. Large-scale prospective studies are needed to further clarify these differences.
The Impact of Affective State on Quality of Life in Focal Epilepsy in Turkey
Authors: Taskiran Emine , Matur Zeliha , Gül Günay , Bebek Nerses , Baykan Betül , Gökyigit Ayşen , Gürses Candan 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Context: Seizures and accompanying situations including social, medical, and psychiatric problems threaten the quality of life (QOL) in patients with epilepsy. The World Health Organization defines health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Aims: This study examines the prevalence of both depression and anxiety symptoms and also impact of the affective state on QOL in patients with focal epilepsy in Turkey. Settings and Design: One hundred and five patients with focal epilepsy over 18 years old were included in this study. The patients were classified into four groups according to the presence of AS and seizure control. Subjects and Methods: Patients’ affective symptoms (AS) and QOL were examined using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and QOL in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31). Statistical Analysis Used: We used descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis H-test, and also Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation test for correlations. Results: There were positive correlations between total QOLIE-31 score and epilepsy surgery, employment, and seizure freedom, whereas negative correlations were found with antiepileptic drug use, anxiety, and depression. Statistically significant differences were found in QOLIE-31 totals and subscores between Groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The presence of AS has a negative impact on QOL in patients with focal epilepsy. Physicians should be aware that psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy have a severe impact and epilepsy treatment requires comprehensive management.
Radiological Parameters to Predict Hemorrhagic Progression of Traumatic Contusional Brain Injury
Authors: Rehman Lal , Afzal Ali , Aziz Hafiza Fatima , Akbar Sana , Abbas Asad , Rizvi Raza 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Traumatic intracerebral contusion is a frequent factor culminating in death and disability, and its progression relates to unfavorable outcome. We evaluated the radiological factors associated with hemorrhagic progression of contusions (HPC). Materials and Methods: Two hundred and forty-six patients were enrolled in this prospective cohort over a period of 1 year. Contusion volume was quantified using the “ABC/2” technique, whereas progression was considered as >30% increase in the initial volume. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to examine the correlation between the risk factors of interest and HPC. Results: HPC was seen in 110 (44.7%) patients. Binary logistic regression showed in the final adjusted model that multiplicity (relative risk [RR]: 2.24, 95% confidence limit [CL]: 1.00–5.48), bilateral lesions (RR: 2.99, 95% CL: 1.08–8.25), initial volume of contusion (RR: 4.96, 95% CL: 1.87–13.13), frontal location (RR: 1.42, 95% CL: 1.08–3.56), and presence of concomitant intracranial hematoma (extradural-RR: 3.90, 95% CL: 1.51–10.01, subdural-RR: 2.91, 95% CL: 1.26–6.69, and subarachnoid-RR: 2.27, 95% CL: 1.01–5.80) were significantly associated with HPC. The overall mortality was 18.7% and was almost equal among patients with and without HPC. Mortality was significantly associated with Glasgow Coma Scale on admission (adjusted RR: 12.386, 95% CL: 4.789–32.035) and presence of comorbid conditions (adjusted RR: 0.313, 95% CL: 0.114–0.860). Conclusion: Initial computed tomography scan is a good predictor of high-risk group for HPC.
Extended Window for Stroke Thrombectomy
Authors: Snelling Brian , Mccarthy David J. , Chen Stephanie , Sur Samir , Elwardany Omar , Sheinberg Dallas L. , Yavagal Dileep R. , Peterson Eric C. , Starke Robert M. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Objective: Mechanical thrombectomy is the standard treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) up to 6 h after onset. Recent trials have demonstrated a benefit for wake-up strokes and patients beyond 6 h. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted for multicenter randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating endovascular stroke treatment using perfusion imaging to identify patients that may benefit from mechanical thrombectomy for AIS beyond 6 h of onset. Random effects meta-analysis was used to analyze the following outcomes: 90-day functional independence rates with modified Rankin Scale (mRS ≤2), 90-day mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) rates. Further stratification was carried out by age and presentation. Results: Two multicenter RCT’s were included as follows: DAWN and DEFUSE-3. Pooled 90-day functional independence rates favored endovascular management (odds ratio [OR] 5.01; P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated continued 90-day functional independence benefit for endovascular management regardless of age (≥80 years, OR 5.65, P = 0.01; ≤80 years, OR 4.92, P < 0.00001). When stratified for the manner of stroke discovery, 90-day functional independence rates favored endovascular management for wake-up strokes (OR 8.74, P < 0.00001) and known-time onset strokes (OR 5.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.04–12.65, P = 0.0005), although no benefit was observed for unwitnessed strokes (OR 1.64, 95% CI 0.17–16.04, P = 0.67). No difference observed in 90-day mortality rates (OR 0.71; P = 0.14) or in SICH rates (OR 1.67; P = 0.29). Conclusions: This meta-analysis reinforces that endovascular management is superior to standard medical management alone for the treatment of AIS due to LVO beyond 6 h of onset in patients with perfusion-imaging selection.