bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventions to increase patient portal use in vulnerable populations: a systematic review
Authors: Grossman Lisa V , Masterson Creber Ruth M , Benda Natalie C , Wright Drew , Vawdrey David K , Ancker Jessica S 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundMore than 100 studies document disparities in patient portal use among vulnerable populations. Developing and testing strategies to reduce disparities in use is essential to ensure portals benefit all populations.ObjectiveTo systematically review the impact of interventions designed to: (1) increase portal use or predictors of use in vulnerable patient populations, or (2) reduce disparities in use.Materials and MethodsA librarian searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Reviews for studies published before September 1, 2018. Two reviewers independently selected English-language research articles that evaluated any interventions designed to impact an eligible outcome. One reviewer extracted data and categorized interventions, then another assessed accuracy. Two reviewers independently assessed risk of bias.ResultsOut of 18 included studies, 15 (83%) assessed an intervention's impact on portal use, 7 (39%) on predictors of use, and 1 (6%) on disparities in use. Most interventions studied focused on the individual (13 out of 26, 50%), as opposed to facilitating conditions, such as the tool, task, environment, or organization (SEIPS model). Twelve studies (67%) reported a statistically significant increase in portal use or predictors of use, or reduced disparities. Five studies (28%) had high or unclear risk of bias.ConclusionIndividually focused interventions have the most evidence for increasing portal use in vulnerable populations. Interventions affecting other system elements (tool, task, environment, organization) have not been sufficiently studied to draw conclusions. Given the well-established evidence for disparities in use and the limited research on effective interventions, research should move beyond identifying disparities to systematically addressing them at multiple levels.
Role of provider encouragement on patient engagement via online portals
Authors: Shimoga Sandhya V , Lu Yang Z 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Objective
The study sought to examine whether provider encouragement is associated with improvements in engaging patients with their healthcare processes using online portals.

Materials and Methods
Using the Health Information National Trends Survey 2017 (N = 2, 670), we conducted an exploratory factor analysis with varimax orthogonal rotation and derived 3 outcome variables on patient engagement: (1) information access score, (2) care convenience score, and (3) patient engagement score. Multivariable linear regression on each outcome variable was conducted with provider encouragement as the main predictor, controlling for patient demographics.

Results
Women (60%), white participants (69%), and those with a college degree (49%) were more likely to report receiving provider encouragement. Those who were encouraged to use patient portals scored higher on all 3 outcome measures compared with those who were not encouraged (B = 0 .80 vs B = 0.11 for information access, B = 1.13 vs B = 0.13 for care convenience, and B = 0.44 vs B = 0.05 for patient engagement; all P &lt; .001). For every additional 100 patients receiving encouragement, 65 more information access tasks, 94 more care convenience tasks, and 40 more patient engagement tasks would be performed.

Discussion
Provider encouragement was most influential concerning care convenience tasks and least influential on complex decision-making tasks. This may be due to portal design and the content available to patients, which merit consideration in future studies.

Conclusions
Provider encouragement is associated with more patient engagement, as indicated by significantly higher utilization of patient portals for accessing information, participating in routine care processes, and making complex healthcare decisions.
Inaction in Macro-prudential Supervision: Assessing the EU’s Response
Authors: Schammo Pierre 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the macro-prudential literature, ‘inaction bias’ describes the supposed tendency of macro-prudential actors to favour inaction over action when considering the use of macro-prudential tools. While inaction bias is a topic of much interest in macro-prudential policy circles, it has received scant attention from legal scholarship. The aim of this article is to contribute to filling this gap by studying inaction in an EU macro-prudential context and by evaluating the institutional arrangements that were put in place in order to address so-called inaction bias. Several actors at the EU level have a role to play in macro-prudential supervision, especially the European Systemic Risk Board and the European Central Bank (ECB). This paper will assess their capabilities and their capacity to turn these into actions. The role of the ECB will be of particular interest since it was vested with real powers to address possible inaction bias among states participating in the Banking Union. Among other things, I will examine whether the ECB’s macro-prudential powers are the cure to the problems that are said to underpin inaction bias at the national level.
Genomic Perspective on Multivariate Variation, Pleiotropy, and Evolution
Authors: Melo Diogo , Marroig Gabriel , Wolf Jason B 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultivariate quantitative genetics provides a powerful framework for understanding patterns and processes of phenotypic evolution. Quantitative genetics parameters, like trait heritability or the G-matrix for sets of traits, can be used to predict evolutionary response or to understand the evolutionary history of a population. These population-level approaches have proven to be extremely successful, but the underlying genetics of multivariate variation and evolutionary change typically remain a black box. Establishing a deeper empirical understanding of how individual genetic effects lead to genetic (co)variation is then crucial to our understanding of the evolutionary process. To delve into this black box, we exploit an experimental population of mice composed from lineages derived by artificial selection. We develop an approach to estimate the multivariate effect of loci and characterize these vectors of effects in terms of their magnitude and alignment with the direction of evolutionary divergence. Using these estimates, we reconstruct the traits in the ancestral populations and quantify how much of the divergence is due to genetic effects. Finally, we also use these vectors to decompose patterns of genetic covariation and examine the relationship between these components and the corresponding distribution of pleiotropic effects. We find that additive effects are much larger than dominance effects and are more closely aligned with the direction of selection and divergence, with larger effects being more aligned than smaller effects. Pleiotropic effects are highly variable but are, on average, modular. These results are consistent with pleiotropy being partly shaped by selection while reflecting underlying developmental constraints.
Flight and Walking Performance of Dark Black Chafer Beetle Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in the Presence of Known Hosts and Attractive Nonhost Plants
Authors: Zhang Hongfei , Teng Xiaohui , Luo Qianwen , Sheng Ziyao , Guo Xianru , Wang Gaoping , Li Weizheng , Yuan Guohui 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Holotrichia parallela damages seriously on peanut (Arachis hypogaea) pods. Elucidation of its flight and walking performance in the presence of different plants may provide an insight in its host selection process and an explanation to its strong olfactory preference to an attractive nonhost, castor bean (Ricinus communis). We determined the relationships among flight performance, mate choice, and body weight of H. parallela beetles, and then investigated their flight and walking patterns in the presence of known hosts and attractive nonhost plants using a flight mill and a locomotion compensator, respectively. Body weights were not related to mating success, regardless of sex. The flight proportion of selected females drastically decreased compared with nonselected females, nonselected males, and selected males. Within mated males, heavier individuals exhibited poorer flight performance than lighter ones. In flight bioassay, peanut showed an arrestment effect on virgin females. For walking activity factors (distance, time, and speed), the host plants velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) elicited the strongest responses in females and males, respectively. Interestingly, the most preferred adult host, Siberian elm, and the nonhost, castor bean, elicited the highest values of two orientation factors (orientation and upwind length) in females. The chemical similarity hypothesis, which states that feeding or oviposition of insects mistakenly on nonhost can be traced to their chemical similarity to actual hosts, could explain the attraction of H. parallela to castor bean.
Comment on: Price Discovery in High Resolution
Authors: Buccheri Giuseppe , Bormetti Giacomo , Corsi Fulvio , Lillo Fabrizio 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This note is commenting on Hasbrouck (2018). The paper investigates the problem of price discovery on markets with trades recorded at sub-millisecond frequencies. The application of the popular information share measure of Hasbrouck (1995) to such data faces several difficulties, as the underlying vector error correction models would need a huge number of lags to capture dynamics at different time-scales. The problem is handled by imposing a set of restrictions on parameters inspired by the Heterogeneous Autoregressive model for realized volatility. We illustrate some potential drawbacks of the information share measure adopted in the paper and propose a modeling strategy aimed at dealing with such limitations. In particular, we introduce a structural multi-market model with a lagged adjustment mechanism describing lagged absorption of information across markets. The advantages of the method are shown in simulations.
Determination of the Critical Concentration of Rifabutin for Susceptibility Testing Using the Proportion Method with Löwenstein-Jensen Medium against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates
Authors: Dai Guangming , Chen Suting , Dong Lingling , Li Yun Xu , Huo Fengmin , Shang Yuanyuan , Huang Hairong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the critical concentration of rifabutin (RFB) for susceptibility testing against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) on Löwenstein-Jensen (L-J) medium using the proportion method.MethodsWe used 47 strains were used to determine the critical concentration of RFB. The microplate antimicrobial assay (MABA) was used as a reference method. We used 160 strains to evaluate its correlation with the classification results derived from the MABA method. We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) against RFB and rifampin (RIF) for 2748 other strains using the proportion method on L-J medium.ResultsThe determined critical concentration for RFB was 20 μg per mL. Identical classification as susceptible or resistant was observed in 93.8% and 92.5% strains for RFB and RIF, respectively, using the 2 different methods. The cross-resistance ratio between RFB and RIF was 72.7% in the 2748 Mtb strains.ConclusionsWe determined that a critical concentration of 20 μg per mL RFB was reliable for AST of Mtb.
Patterns in language: Text analysis of government reports on the Irish industrial school system with word embedding
Authors: Leavy Susan , Keane Mark T , Pine Emilie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIndustrial Memories is a digital humanities initiative to supplement close readings of a government report with new distant readings, using text analytics techniques. The Ryan Report (2009), the official report of the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse (CICA), details the systematic abuse of thousands of children from 1936 to 1999 in residential institutions run by religious orders and funded and overseen by the Irish State. Arguably, the sheer size of the Ryan Report—over 1 million words—warrants a new approach that blends close readings to witness its findings, with distant readings that help surface system-wide findings embedded in the Report. Although CICA has been lauded internationally for its work, many have critiqued the narrative form of the Ryan Report, for obfuscating key findings and providing poor systemic, statistical summaries that are crucial to evaluating the political and cultural context in which the abuse took place (Keenan, 2013, Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church: Gender, Power, and Organizational Culture. Oxford University Press). In this article, we concentrate on describing the distant reading methodology we adopted, using machine learning and text-analytic methods and report on what they surfaced from the Report. The contribution of this work is threefold: (i) it shows how text analytics can be used to surface new patterns, summaries and results that were not apparent via close reading, (ii) it demonstrates how machine learning can be used to annotate text by using word embedding to compile domain-specific semantic lexicons for feature extraction and (iii) it demonstrates how digital humanities methods can be applied to an official state inquiry with social justice impact.
Cavities, shocks and a cold front around 3C 320
Authors: Vagshette Nilkanth D , Naik Sachindra , Patil Madhav K 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present results obtained from the analysis of a total of 110 ks of Chandra observations of the Fanaroff–Riley class II (FR II) radio galaxy 3C 320, located at the centre of a cluster of galaxies at redshift z = 0.342. A pair of X-ray cavities has been detected at an average distance of ∼38 kpc along the east and west directions, with cavity energy, age and total power equal to ∼7.7 × 1059 erg, ∼7 × 107 yr and ∼3.5 × 1044 erg s−1, respectively. The cooling luminosity within the cooling radius of ∼100 kpc was found to be Lcool ∼ 8.5 × 1043 erg s−1. Comparison of these two estimates (total cavity power and cooling luminosity) implies that the cavity power is sufficiently high to balance radiative loss. A pair of weak shocks has also been detected at distances of ∼47 and ∼76 kpc surrounding the radio bubbles. Using the observed density jumps of ∼1.8 and ∼2.1 at the shock locations along the east and west directions, we estimate the Mach numbers ($\mathcal {M}$) to be ∼1.6 and ∼1.8, respectively. A sharp surface-brightness edge was also detected at a relatively larger radius (∼80 kpc) along the south direction. The density jump at this surface-brightness edge was estimated to be ∼1.6 and it is probably due to the presence of a cold front in this cluster. The far-infrared luminosity yielded a star formation rate of 51 M⊙ yr−1, which is a quarter of the cooling rate ($\dot{M}$ ∼ 192 M⊙ yr−1).
The nuclear structural protein NuMA is a negative regulator of 53BP1 in DNA double-strand break repair
Authors: Salvador Moreno Naike , Liu Jing , Haas Karen M , Parker Laurie L , Chakraborty Chaitali , Kron Stephen J , Hodges Kurt , Miller Lance D , Langefeld Carl , Robinson Paul J , Lelièvre Sophie A , Vidi Pierre-Alexandre 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
P53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) mediates DNA repair pathway choice and promotes checkpoint activation. Chromatin marks induced by DNA double-strand breaks and recognized by 53BP1 enable focal accumulation of this multifunctional repair factor at damaged chromatin. Here, we unveil an additional level of regulation of 53BP1 outside repair foci. 53BP1 movements are constrained throughout the nucleoplasm and increase in response to DNA damage. 53BP1 interacts with the structural protein NuMA, which controls 53BP1 diffusion. This interaction, and colocalization between the two proteins in vitro and in breast tissues, is reduced after DNA damage. In cell lines and breast carcinoma NuMA prevents 53BP1 accumulation at DNA breaks, and high NuMA expression predicts better patient outcomes. Manipulating NuMA expression alters PARP inhibitor sensitivity of BRCA1-null cells, end-joining activity, and immunoglobulin class switching that rely on 53BP1. We propose a mechanism involving the sequestration of 53BP1 by NuMA in the absence of DNA damage. Such a mechanism may have evolved to disable repair functions and may be a decisive factor for tumor responses to genotoxic treatments.
Is Admission Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 a Novel Predictor of Vasospasm and Outcome in Patients With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage?
Authors: Ding Chen-Yu , Cai Han-Pei , Ge Hong-Liang , Yu Liang-Hong , Lin Yuang-Xiang , Kang De-Zhi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The relationships between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level, vasospasm, and clinical outcome of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) are still unclear.

OBJECTIVE
To identify the associations between admission Lp-PLA2 and vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage and the clinical outcome of aSAH.

METHODS
A total of 103 aSAH patients who had Lp-PLA2 level obtained within 24 h postbleeding were included. The relationships between Lp-PLA2 level, vasospasm, and clinical outcome were analyzed.

RESULTS
Vasospasm was observed in 52 patients (50.49%). Patients with vasospasm had significantly higher Lp-PLA2 level than those without (P < .001). Both modified Fisher grade (P = .014) and Lp-PLA2 level (P < .001) were significant predictors associated with vasospasm. The Z test revealed that power of Lp-PLA2 was significantly higher than that of modified Fisher grade in predicting vasospasm (Z = 2.499, P = .012). At 6-mo follow-up, 44 patients (42.72%) had unfavorable outcome and 36 patients (34.95%) died. The World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) grade and Lp-PLA2 level were both significant predictors associated with 6-mo unfavorable outcome and mortality (all P < .001). The predictive values of Lp-PLA2 for unfavorable outcome and mortality at 6-mo tended to be lower than those of the WFNS grade, but the differences were not statistically significant (P = .366 and 0.115, respectively). Poor-grade patients having Lp-PLA2 > 200 μg/L had significantly worse 6-mo survival rate than poor-grade patients having Lp-PLA2 ≤ 200 μg/L (P = .001).

CONCLUSION
The Lp-PLA2 might be useful as a novel predictor in aSAH patients. A total of 30 poor-grade patients; those with elevated Lp-PLA2 level have higher risk of 6-mo mortality compared to those without.
Predicting 90-Day and 1-Year Mortality in Spinal Metastatic Disease: Development and Internal Validation
Authors: Karhade Aditya V , Thio Quirina C B S , Ogink Paul T , Bono Christopher M , Ferrone Marco L , Oh Kevin S , Saylor Philip J , Schoenfeld Andrew J , Shin John H , Harris Mitchel B , Schwab Joseph H 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Increasing prevalence of metastatic disease has been accompanied by increasing rates of surgical intervention. Current tools have poor to fair predictive performance for intermediate (90-d) and long-term (1-yr) mortality.

OBJECTIVE
To develop predictive algorithms for spinal metastatic disease at these time points and to provide patient-specific explanations of the predictions generated by these algorithms.

METHODS
Retrospective review was conducted at 2 large academic medical centers to identify patients undergoing initial operative management for spinal metastatic disease between January 2000 and December 2016. Five models (penalized logistic regression, random forest, stochastic gradient boosting, neural network, and support vector machine) were developed to predict 90-d and 1-yr mortality.

RESULTS
Overall, 732 patients were identified with 90-d and 1-yr mortality rates of 181 (25.1%) and 385 (54.3%), respectively. The stochastic gradient boosting algorithm had the best performance for 90-d mortality and 1-yr mortality. On global variable importance assessment, albumin, primary tumor histology, and performance status were the 3 most important predictors of 90-d mortality. The final models were incorporated into an open access web application able to provide predictions as well as patient-specific explanations of the results generated by the algorithms. The application can be found at https://sorg-apps.shinyapps.io/spinemetssurvival/

CONCLUSION
Preoperative estimation of 90-d and 1-yr mortality was achieved with assessment of more flexible modeling techniques such as machine learning. Integration of these models into applications and patient-centered explanations of predictions represent opportunities for incorporation into healthcare systems as decision tools in the future.
Overview of Mechanical Thrombectomy Techniques
Authors: Munich Stephan A , Vakharia Kunal , Levy Elad I 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The recently reported superiority of mechanical thrombectomy to intravenous thrombolytics has jettisoned endovascular intervention into the forefront of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) management. These successes have allowed a chance for recanalization for patients not meeting the strict eligibility criteria for intravenous thrombolytics. Stent retrieval and aspiration have emerged as two of the most popular and effective approaches for AIS thrombectomy. Since the beginning of mechanical thrombectomy with the Merci device (Stryker) and first-generation Penumbra aspiration system (Penumbra Inc), contemporary techniques have demonstrated reliable recanalization and improved clinical outcomes. Here, we review the use of stent retrieval and aspiration, as well as their synergy, in the management of AIS.
Pain Outcomes Following Microvascular Decompression for Drug-Resistant Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Holste Katherine , Chan Alvin Y , Rolston John D , Englot Dario J 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a potentially curative surgery for drug-resistant trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Predictors of pain freedom after MVD are not fully understood.

OBJECTIVE
To describe rates and predictors for pain freedom following MVD.

METHODS
Using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus were queried for primary studies examining pain outcomes after MVD for TN published between 1988 and March 2018. Potential biases were assessed for included studies. Pain freedom (ie, Barrow Neurological Institute score of 1) at last follow-up was the primary outcome measure. Variables associated with pain freedom on preliminary analysis underwent formal meta-analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for possible predictors.

RESULTS
Outcome data were analyzed for 3897 patients from 46 studies (7 prospective, 39 retrospective). Overall, 76.0% of patients achieved pain freedom after MVD with a mean follow-up of 1.7 ± 1.3 (standard deviation) yr. Predictors of pain freedom on meta-analysis using random effects models included (1) disease duration ≤5 yr (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.08-3.95); (2) arterial compression over venous or other (OR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.91-5.88); (3) superior cerebellar artery involvement (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.02-4.03), and (4) type 1 Burchiel classification (OR = 2.49, 95% CI = 1.32-4.67).

CONCLUSION
Approximately three-quarters of patients with drug-resistant TN achieve pain freedom after MVD. Shorter disease duration, arterial compression, and type 1 Burchiel classification may predict more favorable outcome. These results may improve patient selection and provider expectations.