bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hume's emotivist theory of moral judgements
Authors: Chamberlain James 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHume is believed by many to hold an emotivist thesis, according to which all expressions of moral judgements are expressions of moral sentiments. However, most specialist scholars of Hume either deny that this is Hume's position or believe that he has failed to argue convincingly for it. I argue that Hume is an emotivist and that his true arguments for emotivism have been hitherto overlooked. Readers seeking to understand Hume's theory of moral judgements have traditionally looked to the first section of Book 3 of hisTreatise, which discusses the relation between morality and reason. I argue that there is evidence elsewhere that better supports Hume's emotivist thesis. Hume's arguments for emotivism focus more on the causes of moral sentiments than on their relation to reason or belief, and he argues that moral sentiments are such as to arise whenever we contemplate morally relevant objects. He also holds that the presence of moral sentiments precludes any possibility of moral belief, because moral beliefs could only be less vivid copies of moral sentiments, and these cannot simultaneously exist. Hume concludes that all moral judgements must be expressions of sentiments.
Direct and transgenerational effects of an experimental heatwave on early life stages in a freshwater snail
Authors: Leicht Katja , Seppälä Otto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGlobal climate change imposes a serious threat to natural populations of many species. Estimates of the effects of climate change‐mediated environmental stresses are, however, often based only on their direct effects on organisms, and neglect the potential transgenerational (e.g. maternal) effects.We tested whether high temperature (i.e. an experimental heatwave), which is known to reduce the performance of adultLymnaea stagnalissnails, affects the produced offspring (eggs and hatchlings) through maternal effects, and how strong these effects are compared with the effects of direct exposure of offspring to high temperature. We examined the effect of maternal thermal environment (15°C versus 25°C) on per offspring investment (egg size), and the role of both maternal and offspring thermal environments (15°C versus 25°C) on hatching success and developmental time of eggs, offspring survival after hatching, and hatchling size at the age of 5 weeks.Exposure of mothers to high temperature reduced the size of oviposited eggs, increased their hatching success, and also made the onset of hatching earlier. However, high maternal temperature reduced the survival and the final size of hatched juveniles. Direct exposure of offspring to high temperature reduced their survival (both eggs and hatchlings) but increased the developmental rate and growth of those individuals that survived. Interestingly, the magnitude of maternal effects on hatching success of eggs and hatchling survival were similar to the direct effects of high temperature.Our results indicate that heatwaves can affect natural populations through transgenerational maternal effects and that the magnitude of those effects can be equally strong to the direct effects of temperature, although this depends on the trait considered. These findings highlight the importance of considering the transgenerational effects of climate warming when estimating its effects in the wild.
Telling stories to communicate the value of the pre‐employment structured job interview
Authors: Zhang Don C. , Zhu Xiaoyuan (Susan) , Ritter Kelsey‐Jo , Thiele Aneeqa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn an effort to bridge the scientist–practitioner gap in the employee selection, some researchers have advocated telling stories to better communicate the value of evidence‐based hiring practices to human resource (HR) professionals. In this paper, we conducted two experiments that examine the efficacy of storytelling for overcoming managers’ resistance to use structured job interviews. In two experiments, we found that participants who read a story regarding the effectiveness of structured interviews, as opposed to receiving evidence‐based advice, reported more favorable attitudes toward structured job interviews. Serial mediation analysis revealed that the observed attitude change was mediated by an increase in narrative transportation and reduction in counterarguing. Implications for using stories in communicating the value of evidence‐based HR practices are discussed.
The euro exchange rate and Germany's trade surplus
Authors: Hohberger Stefan , Ratto Marco , Vogel Lukas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the context of debates about the euro exchange rate's (EXR) impact on Germany's (DE) trade surplus, we estimate a multiregion macroeconomic model (1999–2018) and provide a counterfactual in which we simulate the shocks of the estimated model in an alternative setting with freely floating nominal EXRs. The results suggest a reduction of the DE trade surplus by up to 1.3% of gross domestic product (GDP; around 1/4 of the surplus) during 2010–2015 compared to the data, together with a stronger real effective EXR (REER). The rest of the euro area (REA) net exports are more negative (by up to −0.6% of GDP) in the counterfactual before the EA crisis, but more positive (by up to 0.4% of GDP) in recent years. Overall, the counterfactual DE and REA trade balance and REER trajectories are very similar to the actual paths. Modifying shock processes in the counterfactual would give rise to larger differences.
Proposing channel coordination and horizontal cooperation in two competitive three‐echelon reverse supply chains
Authors: Rahmani Saeed , Haeri Abdorrahman , Hosseini‐Motlagh Seyyed‐Mahdi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConsidering and analyzing various kinds of cooperation among supply chain members is an option for better managing each channel. It is noteworthy that in many real‐world cases, each of vertical and horizontal cooperation has an important role in the success of supply chains. Nevertheless, only vertical cooperation in most previous research is considered. This paper addresses both vertical and horizontal cooperation in two competitive reverse supply chains, each of which includes one collector, one remanufacturer, and one retailer. Our primary concern is to analyze quality improvement competition between the remanufacturers. Moreover, retail price competition between the retailers and the quality competition are simultaneously considered in the extended model. In this research, the investigated system has been analyzed under different structures including decentralized, centralized, horizontal cooperation, and coordinated decision‐making models. The results show that when the remanufacturers cooperate horizontally, the profit of each collector and that of the retailer will decrease compared with those in the decentralized structure. To overcome this problem, a new coordination contract named multiple‐link two‐part tariff is proposed to simultaneously coordinate the members of each chain. The proposed contract effectively convinces the remanufacturers to participate in the coordination model instead of the horizontal cooperation. Moreover, it provides a win–win–win condition for all chain members and improves the quality level of the remanufactured products. The results indicate the proper performance of the proposed contract in improving the benefits of the competing chains, especially when there exists no intense competition between the remanufacturers (i.e., when the market sensitivity to the quality of the remanufactured products is low and consequently less effort is needed to increase the quality of the remanufactured products). Moreover, the proposed contract not only is able to simultaneously increase both remanufactured products demand and of end‐of‐life products supply but also involves both economic and environmental benefits.
Silencing of NONO inhibits abdominal aortic aneurysm in apolipoprotein E‐knockout mice via collagen deposition and inflammatory inhibition
Authors: Xu Xingli , Zhang Fang , Lu Yue , Yu Sufang , Sun Wenqian , Sun Shangwen , Cheng Jing , Ma Jing , Zhang Meng , Zhang Cheng , Zhang Yun , Zhang Kai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe role of Non‐POU‐domain‐containing octamer‐binding protein (NONO) in the formation and development of angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) in apolipoprotein E‐knockout (ApoE−/−) mice is still unknown. In Part I, the protein level of NONO was suggestively greater in the AAA tissues compare to that in the normal abdominal aortas. In Part II, 20 ApoE−/− male mice were used to examine the transfection efficiency of lentivirus by detecting GFP fluorescence. In Part III, mice were arbitrarily separated into two groups: one was the control group without Ang II infusion, and another was the Ang II group. Mice treated with Ang II were further randomly divided into three groups to receive the same volume of physiological saline (NT group), sh‐negative control lentivirus (sh‐NC group) and si‐NONO lentivirus (sh‐NONO group). NONO silencing suggestively reduced the occurrence of AAA and abdominal aortic diameter. Compare to the NT group, NONO silencing markedly augmented the content of collagen and vascular smooth muscle cells but reduced macrophage infiltration in AAA. In addition, knockdown of NONO also increased the expression of prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase α1, whereas also decreased the levels of collagen degradation and pro‐inflammatory cytokines in AAA. We detected the interface of NONO and NF‐κB p65, and found that NONO silencing inhibited both the nuclear translocation and the phosphorylation levels of NF‐κB p65. Silencing of NONO prevented Ang II‐influenced AAA in ApoE−/− mice through increasing collagen deposition and inhibiting inflammation. The mechanism may be that silencing of NONO decreases the nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of NF‐κB.
The Juvenile Justice Reform Act of 2018: Updating the Federal Approach to Youth Involved, and At‐Risk of Becoming Involved, in the Juvenile Justice System
Authors: Smoot Naomi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOn December 21, 2018, the Juvenile Justice Reform Act was signed into law, marking the first update in 16 years to the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended. The reforms reflect much of the knowledge that has been gained through research and science over the past decade and strengthen the Act’s core protections for youth in the juvenile justice system. The changes also expand the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention’s role in research, and technical assistance, and provide for additional oversight for related programs.
Comparison of two commercially available rapid detection methods and a conventional culture method to detect naturally occurring salmonellae on broiler carcasses
Authors: Cosby Douglas E. , Cox Nelson A. , Berrang Mark E. , House Sandra L. , Line J. Eric , Frye Jonathan G. , Jackson Charlene R. , Hinton Arthur 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDetection of Salmonella on commercially processed broiler carcasses is essential to reduce the incidences of human salmonellosis. This study was designed to compare the standard procedure for Salmonella detection with two commercial screening methods. During seven separate visits to two processing plants, eight carcasses were obtained (n = 112). Each carcass was rinsed and the rinsate processed according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) protocol. Predetermined aliquots of rinsates were screened on the BAX® and Roka® instruments according to manufacturer's protocol and analyzed using the USDA, FSIS cultural method. Four Salmonella‐like colonies from presumptive positive rinsates were selected, screened biochemically, and serologically confirmed as Salmonella. Results indicated Salmonella was recovered from 15.2% (17/112), 14.3% (16/112), and 12.5% (14/112) of carcasses by cultural methods, BAX, and Roka analysis, respectively. These findings indicate that both rapid, molecular methods tested were as effective as the conventional cultural procedure in detecting Salmonella from broiler carcass rinsates.Practical ApplicationsAccording to the results of this study, there was no statistical difference in the number of carcass rinsates in which Salmonella was detected by the three methods. The ability of all three methods to detect naturally occurring Salmonella provides the poultry industry and regulatory agencies more tools to increase the safety of poultry products available to the consumer.
What socioenvironmental impacts did 35 years of export agriculture have in Mexico? (1980–2014): A transnational agri‐food field analysis
Authors: González Humberto 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this article, I propose to study environmental degradation and the deterioration of the health of workers and other inhabitants in regions of Mexico where intensive fruit and vegetable production for export has been developed. My proposition is that to understand the unsustainability of such agricultural practices in all their complexity, it is necessary to analyse historically the total agri‐food field of relations established by producers, distributors, and consumers in codependency with the natural environment. This analysis of the agri‐food field allows a multidimensional and multiscale study to be conducted of the hierarchical distribution of power and of economic benefits among the different social actors of the food system. This analysis also allowed us to study the development of the capitalist regime without going into the dichotomy of centre and periphery and to propose that it is a decentralized process with a multiplicity of locations that operates on the basis of mutual associations and influences between human and non‐human elements, with the active participation of a great variety of independent, collective, and institutional actors who have differentiated motivations, ranges of power and scales of value. The case study of Mexican export agriculture was the result of long‐term research based on a wide review of regional studies, field work statistics, and archives in Mexico and the United States. This cross‐border study makes it possible to identify asymmetrical transnational relations in a context in which the Mexican government has renounced its territorial and agri‐food sovereignty and Mexican consumers face greater vulnerability.
Changes in some biological parameters of the silver cyprinid, Rastrineobola argentea (Pellegrin, 1904) in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya
Authors: Yongo Edwine , Olukoye Joshua , Makame Ali , Chebon Brian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe study examined length–weight relationship, condition factor, size at 50% maturity and fecundity of Rastrineobola argentea in the Nyanza Gulf of Lake Victoria, Kenya. The 500 fish examined had a mean length of 39.4 ± 0.3 mm SL, ranging from 17 to 55 mm SL and weighed between 0.08 and 2.44 g. The length–frequency analysis indicated a unimodal distribution between 35 and 40 mm SL, with a modal length at 37 mm SL. The fish exhibited a positive allometric growth pattern (b = 3.4). The condition factor for all fish was 1.02. Male fish showed a decreasing trend in condition factor with increasing body length, while females exhibited an increasing trend. The length at 50% maturity was estimated at 43 and 44 mm SL for males and females, respectively. The smallest mature male was 41 mm SL and 42 mm SL for females, with 100% maturity already exhibited at 49 mm SL. Fecundity varied from 235 eggs for 33 mm SL to 2,309 eggs for 54 mm SL fish. positive linear relationships were found between fecundity against standard length and ovary weight. Comparisons with previous studies in this lake over time indicated a decrease in length at maturity and an increase in fecundity, which are strategies to maximize reproductive success. The findings of this study provide useful information for managing the fishery.
North Atlantic killer whaleOrcinus orcapopulations: a review of current knowledge and threats to conservation
Authors: Jourdain Eve , Ugarte Fernando , Víkingsson Gísli A. , Samarra Filipa I. P. , Ferguson Steven H. , Lawson Jack , Vongraven Dag , Desportes Geneviève 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe first comprehensive review on North Atlantic killer whalesOrcinus orcawas published in 1988. Since then, a significant increase in published studies has substantially improved our understanding of occurrence patterns, major food sources, abundance and population structuring in the North‐east Atlantic. Dedicated studies on killer whales in the Mid‐ and West Atlantic were undertaken beginning in 2006, mainly following an increase in their presence due to rapidly changing environmental conditions in the Arctic regions of Canada and Greenland.Compiling 111 scientific articles and reports published from 1957 to date, this review assesses the current state of knowledge of North Atlantic killer whale populations. We reviewed distribution, abundance, movements, genetic structure, acoustics, population parameters, and threats, whilst highlighting the connection among regions from east to west.Our results indicated that, while North Atlantic killer whales should be recovering following the end of the harvest, culling and live captures in the 1980s, new emerging threats including chemical pollution, anthropogenic noise and increasing unregulated subsistence harvest in Greenland could be hampering this rebound.There is an urgent need to collect data on the abundance and population structure of killer whales in Greenland and Eastern Canada. A lack of information across most regions of the North Atlantic Ocean has prevented regional status assessments from being conducted. Ongoing and future studies should be aimed at collecting relevant data to undertake these assessments, particularly genetic samples and photo‐identification.
Carbamazepine‐induced nystagmus in a 29‐year‐old patient
Authors: Al‐Sibahee Essam , Alkaissi Hussam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe reported cases of carbamazepine‐induced nystagmus were usually of the downbeat type. In this report, we present a case of bilateral, gaze‐evoked, horizontal nystagmus in a 29‐year‐old patient with epilepsy who has been treated with carbamazepine since the age of 14. This case shows that the differential diagnosis of horizontal nystagmus in a patient with epilepsy should include possible toxicity of carbamazepine.
Analysis of rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin vs basiliximab induction in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Newland David M. , Royston Macy J. , McDonald Derry R. , Nemeth Thomas L. , Wallace‐Boughter Kelly , Carlin Kristen , Horslen Simon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLiterature is limited comparing induction immunosuppression in pediatric liver transplant (LTx) recipients. This is a single‐center, retrospective cohort study of primary pediatric liver transplants at our center between 2005 and 2016 who received either basiliximab (BSX) or rabbit anti‐thymocyte globulin (rATG) induction. Maintenance immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus ± a corticosteroid taper. Exclusions included receipt of an ABO‐incompatible graft, retransplantation, and multi‐organ transplantation. Primary outcomes were incidence of treated biopsy‐proven acute rejection (tBPAR) and PTLD within the first year and infections within 90 days of LTx. Secondary outcomes included graft and patient survival, time to first tBPAR, and incidence of steroid‐resistant rejection (SRR) within the first year post‐LTx. A total of 136 patients were included in the final analysis of which 57 patients (42%) received BSX induction. Patients who received rATG induction with or without a 2‐week corticosteroid taper experienced significantly more tBPAR compared to those who received BSX induction with a 6‐month corticosteroid taper (55.7% vs 33.3%, P = .01). There were no differences in the incidence of PTLD, infections, SRR, graft or patient survival, or time to first tBPAR between the two groups. Induction with rATG either with or without a short corticosteroid taper was associated with significantly more tBPAR in primary pediatric LTx recipients when compared to BSX induction with a prolonged corticosteroid taper in the setting of maintenance immunosuppression with tacrolimus.
Perinatal risk factors associated with skin infection hospitalisation in Western Australian Aboriginal and Non‐Aboriginal children
Authors: Barnes Rosanne , Bowen Asha C. , Walker Roz , Tong Steven Y. C. , McVernon Jodie , Campbell Patricia T. , Fathima Parveen , de Klerk Nicholas H. , Wu Yue , Blyth Christopher C. , Carapetis Jonathan R. , Moore Hannah C. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundHospitalisation with skin infection in Western Australian (WA) Aboriginal children is common, with the highest rates in infants and children from remote WA.ObjectiveWe aimed to quantify infant, maternal, and sociodemographic risk factors for skin infection hospitalisation in WA children, focussing on Aboriginal children aged <17 years.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective population‐based cohort study with linked perinatal and hospitalisation data on WA‐born children (1996‐2012), of whom 31 348 (6.7%) were Aboriginal. We used Cox regression to calculate adjusted hazard ratios and associated population attributable fractions (PAFs) for perinatal factors attributed to first hospitalisation with skin infection. To identify specific risk factors for early‐onset infection, we further restricted the cohort to infants aged <1 year.ResultsOverall, 5439 (17.4%) Aboriginal and 6750 (1.5%) non‐Aboriginal children were hospitalised at least once with a skin infection. Aboriginal infants aged <1 year had the highest skin infection hospitalisation rate (63.2 per 1000 child‐years). The strongest risk factors in Aboriginal children aged <17 years were socio‐economic disadvantage, very remote location at birth, and multi‐parity (≥3 previous pregnancies) accounting for 24%, 23%, and 15% of skin infection hospitalisations, respectively. Other risk factors included maternal age <20 years, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and low birthweight.ConclusionsWe have quantified the relative influence of perinatal risk factors associated with skin infection hospitalisations in WA children, providing measures indicating which factors have the potential to reduce the most hospitalisations. Our evidence not only supports existing calls for substantial government investment in addressing underlying social and environmental barriers to healthy skin in WA Aboriginal children but also identifies potential areas to target health promotion messaging at individuals/families on maternal smoking during pregnancy and skin hygiene for families.