bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political elites in deliberative democracy: beliefs and behaviors of Chinese officials
Authors: Zhang Kaiping , Meng Tianguang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolitical leaders and elites play an enormous role in shaping a country's political development. Participatory and deliberative governance represents a major trend of political development around the world; while many studies focus on the ordinary people involved in public deliberation, little is known about the roles elites play in facilitating or impeding the progress of this deliberation. Utilizing a new survey on Chinese officials, we offer the first empirical study that reveals Chinese officials’ perceptions and practices of deliberative democracy. We find that cultural and political traditions alongside personal and social factors have deeply shaped elites’ understandings of democracy, especially the new socialist deliberative democracy. Chinese officials understand democracy largely according to the Confucian tradition ofminbenand the Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) political heritage ofmass line, both of which emphasize that officials should listen to the people and make benevolent policies for them. While many embrace the significance of deliberative institutions for improving democratic governance, others emphasize the pragmatic value of consolidating the status quo, or believe it is merely a political show. Democratic oriented officials in the Chinese sense – those who view themselves as servants of the people who should respond to their needs, value public input, are willing to converse with the people in an equal manner, and are less concerned about risks in social stability – are more likely to engage the public in daily decision-making through various channels. Our study suggests that different practices of authoritarian deliberation may lead toward distinct prospects for democracy.
Deliberation, demobilization, and limited empowerment: a survey study on participatory pricing in China
Authors: Qin Xuan , He Baogang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAuthoritarian deliberation has been used widely to describe the specific form of deliberation developed in China. However, whether its practice will strengthen authoritarianism or lead to democratization remains unknown. In this study, we examine this question from the perspective of participants in public deliberation. Surveying the participants in participatory pricings held in Shanghai over the past 5 years, we find that participants’ perception of deliberative quality has a statistically significant negative impact on their level of political activism, while their level of empowerment has a moderating effect on this negative relationship. In this light, Chinese deliberative practices characterized by high-quality deliberation and low-level empowerment are likely to have a demobilization effect; thus, they reinforce the authoritarian rules.
A critical reappraisal of resident participation in China and France: ‘authoritarian deliberation’ goes global?
Authors: Romano Giulia C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper, the first step of a project aiming at analysing the establishment of practices of resident participation and consultation in urban renewal in China, proposes a reflection upon these practices through a comparison with similar experiences in France. Identifying some convergences between the practices adopted in the two countries, the paper proposes to reflect upon such puzzling outcomes, provocatively questioning the classic distinction between authoritarian and democratic regimes. It suggests that our analyses and interpretations shall get rid of classical binary categorisations between regime types to embrace a comparative analysis of the policies and practices introduced in various local contexts, and reflect upon their underlying logics. In so doing, the paper engages with He and Warren's concept of ‘authoritarian deliberation’ as well as with the critiques expressed by a number of French scholars on concepts such as ‘participative democracy’ and ‘good governance’. Such a focus on the underlying logics rather than on regime types will show that the concept of ‘authoritarian deliberation’ does not only apply to authoritarian contexts. Rather, it represents a fruitful starting point to analyse and reflect upon instances of participation and deliberation in both democratic and authoritarian countries.
The Wilsonian moment: Japan 1912–1952
Authors: Inoguchi Takashi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this special issue is to give a new spin to the study of the impact of the liberal Wilsonian moment on Japan, with a focus on the interwar period in a broader historical span. The Wilsonian liberal international order encompasses its fledgling (1914–1945), formative (1945–1952), competitive (1952–1989), and maturity (1989–2018) periods. In this special issue, the four articles deal with the first and second periods. Yutaka Harada and Frederick Dickinson adopt this longer perspective – not just President Wilson's moment of Fourteen Points – each focusing on (1) the vigor of Japan's industrialization and open economic policy in 1914–1931 and (2) the basic continuity between the prewar and postwar periods in terms of normative and institutional commitments with the fledgling, if volatile, liberal international order such as those with the Versailles and Washington treaties after World War I, the war prohibition treaty of 1928, and the naval disarmament treaty of 1930. Ryoko Nakano and Takashi Inoguchi take up the re-examination of two tiny minorities of liberal academics, Yanaihara Tadao and Nambara Shigeru, who at most kept their integrity. Nakano recasts Yanaihara's academic life with its intellectual agony of believing in a national self-determination policy for Japanese colonies. Inoguchi underlines Nambara's stoic self-discipline under wartime dictatorship and active political involvement under US occupation regarding the newly drafted Japanese Constitution. An emphasis is placed on the considerable positive influence of Wilsonian ideas on Japan, an influence that faded in the late 1930s, but re-emerged with considerable vigor after 1945.
Anforderungen, Entscheidungsfreiräume und Stress im Studium
Authors: Schmidt Laura I. , Scheiter Fabian , Neubauer Andreas , Sieverding Monika 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Mit dem Demand-Control-Modell und dem dazugehörigen Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) existiert im Arbeitsumfeld ein bewährtes Modell zur Vorhersage physischer und psychischer Gesundheitsrisiken. Um diese auch unter Studierenden theoriegeleitet vorhersagen zu können, passten wir den JCQ auf den Hochschulkontext an und untersuchten mittels unseres Fragebogens zu strukturellen Belastungen und Ressourcen im Studium (StrukStud) den Erklärungsbeitrag hinsichtlich Stresserleben und Wohlbefinden. In 4 Studien mit insgesamt 732 Studierenden (Psychologie, Lehramt, Soziale Arbeit, Wirtschaftsrecht und Erziehung & Bildung) wurden die Demand-Control-Dimensionen (StrukStud), Stresserleben (Heidelberger Stress-Index HEI-STRESS & Perceived Stress Questionnaire) und weitere Referenzkonstrukte wie Studienzufriedenheit und körperliche Beschwerden erfasst. Befunde zur Reliabilität und Validität werden vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse belegen die psychometrische Qualität des StrukStud sowie dessen Potenzial zur Erklärung von Stress im Studium. Mit dem StrukStud liegt für den deutschsprachigen Raum erstmals ein ökonomisches Selbsteinschätzungsinstrument zur Erfassung von psychologischen Anforderungen und Entscheidungsfreiräumen im Studium vor.
Contrasting Tropical Climate Response Pattern to Localized Thermal Forcing Over Different Ocean Basins
Authors: Kang Sarah M. , Park Kiwoong , Hwang Yen‐Ting , Hsiao Wei‐Ting 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe contrast the spatial patterns of tropical climate response to localized thermal forcing over different ocean basins in an atmospheric model coupled to a slab ocean. A localized forcing poleward of the climatological storm tracks produces a tropical climate response pattern that is nearly independent of the forcing location. Regardless of the location of extratropical forcing, a common zonally asymmetric La Niña‐like pattern of sea surface temperature response accompanies a northward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. In contrast, a localized tropical forcing produces essentially opposite tropical climate response patterns depending on the forced ocean basin. The northern tropical Pacific (Atlantic) heating induces a warming (cooling) throughout the tropical Pacific, a weakening (strengthening) of the equatorial Pacific trade winds, and a northward (southward) shift of the Southern Pacific Convergence Zone. Our study provides a pathway forward for improving future projections of tropical climate under different anthropogenic forcing scenarios.
Long‐Lived Tsunami Edge Waves and Shelf Resonance From the M8.2 Tehuantepec Earthquake
Authors: Melgar Diego , Ruiz‐Angulo Angel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe 8 September 2017 M8.2 Tehuantepec, Mexico, earthquake ruptured an ~150‐km‐long high‐angle normal fault below the subduction zone megathrust. A tsunami was generated by the event with surveyed runup as large as 3 m. Tide gauges in the region show a remarkably long duration of the tsunami with oscillations within the very wide and shallow Tehuantepec shelf lasting as long as 3 days. Here we produce a model of the tsunami and validate it by comparing it to the tsunami survey and to the time and frequency domain features of regional tide gauges. We analyze the model results and show that the long‐lived oscillations are a result of wholesale resonance of the shelf as well as very efficient trapping of edge waves at the shore. These resonant features are the result of the Tehuantepec shelf morphology and illuminate a previously unidentified tsunami hazard for the region.
Identification of Auroral Electron Precipitation Mechanism Combinations and Their Relationships to Net Downgoing Energy and Number Flux
Authors: Dombeck J. , Cattell C. , Prasad N. , Meeker E. , Hanson E. , McFadden J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present initial statistical results of a new methodology for identifying electron precipitation mechanisms in Earth's auroral zone. Unlike previous methodologies, it identifies multiple mechanisms observed in the same event, utilizing Fast Auroral Snapshot measurements of upward energy and pitch angle spectra in addition to downward energy spectra. For intense precipitation (peak downgoing differential energy flux >108 eV/cm2‐s‐sr‐eV) our method separately identifies the three main precipitation mechanisms: quasi‐static potential structure (inverted‐V, QSPS) acceleration, Alfvénic acceleration, and wave scattering or other nonaccelerated isotropic (diffuse) precipitation. Intense precipitation (~14% of all Fast Auroral Snapshot coverage) accounts for ~80–90% of electron number flux into the ionosphere globally and ~65% of the energy flux on the nightside. It is found that two or more different mechanisms occur in the same event ~60–75% of the time. Alfvénic and QSPS acceleration and the combination of the two contribute substantially. Each of the three primary precipitation mechanisms (alone or in combination) occur >~35% of the time with QSPS and Alfvénic acceleration observed together being the dominant identifiable energy precipitation mechanism/combination. This combination also significantly contributes to the net number flux. QSPS acceleration is the most prevalently observed mechanism (50–60%). The mechanism inferred from classification by downgoing spectral characteristics alone (i.e., monoenergetic = QSPS, broadband = Alfvénic, and diffuse = nonaccelerated isotropic) is not observed in the classification using our method ~20–65% of the time. The results do not confirm and may be inconsistent with wave scattering of electrons (diffuse auroral precipitation) being the dominant mechanism for electron energy and number flux into the ionosphere.
Decreased serum potassium may disturb sleep homeostasis in essential hypertensives
Authors: Heizhati Mulalibieke , Zhang Yu , Shao Liang , Wang Yingchun , Yao Xiaoguang , Abulikemu Suofeiya , Zhang Delian , Chang Guijuan , Zhou Ling , Li Nanfang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim is to investigate the association between alterations in the serum potassium (K+) concentration and sleep architecture parameters in essential hypertensives. Two hundred ninety-two hypertensives undergoing polysomnography and providing blood samples were recruited. The sleep architecture was composed of sleep stages 1 (N1), 2 (N2), 3 (N3), 4 (N4) and REM. The light sleep stage (LST) was composed of N1 + N2, and the deep sleep stage (DST) was composed of N3 + N4. The potentialrelationships between electrolytes and sleep parameters were determined via univariate and multivariate analyses. The subjects were divided into two groups via the serum K+median (3.86 mmol/L). The K+ < 3.86 mmol/L group showed significantly decreased N1 (7.10 ± 4.55% vs 8.61 ± 5.23%,p = 0.002), LST (71.48 ± 11.33% vs 75.92 ± 17.08%,p = 0.013), and periodic leg movement during sleep related to microarousals (MA) /arousal (PLMS-A) [4 (1~10) vs 8 (3~15)/night, p < 0.001] and increased REM (17.38 ± 6.43% vs 15.37 ± 6.18%,p = 0.007) compared to the K+ ≥ 3.86 mmol/L group. A subdivided analysis by gender showed that these changes were more statistically significant in men than in women. Significant positive correlations were identified between K+and N1 (r = 0.169,p = 0.004), as well as PLMS-A (r = 0.222,p < 0.001) in subjects. Compared to women, a significantly strong correlation was identified between K+ and REM sleep in men (r = 0.158,p = 0.028 vs.r = 0.078,p = 0.442). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that K+ is significantly associated with N1 in all subjects (p = 0.03) and with REM in men (p = 0.008), even after adjusting for confounders. Decreased K+ may disturb the homeostasis of the sleep architecture, and gender may interfere with their links in the hypertensive population.
Locally anchoring enzymes to tissues via extracellular glycan recognition
Authors: Farhadi Shaheen A. , Bracho-Sanchez Evelyn , Fettis Margaret M. , Seroski Dillon T. , Freeman Sabrina L. , Restuccia Antonietta , Keselowsky Benjamin G. , Hudalla Gregory A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSuccess of enzymes as drugs requires that they persist within target tissues over therapeutically effective time frames. Here we report a general strategy to anchor enzymes at injection sites via fusion to galectin-3 (G3), a carbohydrate-binding protein. Fusing G3 to luciferase extended bioluminescence in subcutaneous tissue to ~7 days, whereas unmodified luciferase was undetectable within hours. Engineering G3-luciferase fusions to self-assemble into a trimeric architecture extended bioluminescence in subcutaneous tissue to 14 days, and intramuscularly to 3 days. The longer local half-life of the trimeric assembly was likely due to its higher carbohydrate-binding affinity compared to the monomeric fusion. G3 fusions and trimeric assemblies lacked extracellular signaling activity of wild-type G3 and did not accumulate in blood after subcutaneous injection, suggesting low potential for deleterious off-site effects. G3-mediated anchoring to common tissue glycans is expected to be broadly applicable for improving local pharmacokinetics of various existing and emerging enzyme drugs.
A20 rescues hepatocytes from apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with acute liver failure
Authors: Li Ke-Zhi , Liao Zhi-Yi , Li Yu-Xuan , Ming Zhi-Yong , Zhong Jian-Hong , Wu Guo-Bin , Huang Shan , Zhao Yin-Ning 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Acute liver failure (ALF) is a disease of acute derangements in the hepatic synthetic function with defects involving innate immune responses, which was reported to be negatively regulated by tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 3 (A20). Herein, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects the A20 protein on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocytes through the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway in the rat models simulating ALF.
Methods: Male Wistar rats were used to simulate ALF in the model rats. Next, the positive expression of A20 and Caspase-3 proteins was measured in liver tissues. Rat hepatocytes were separated and subjected to pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, inhibitor of NF-κB pathway) or A20 siRNA. Additionally, both mRNA and protein levels of A20, NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), and receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) were determined. Finally, we detected the hepatocyte proliferation, cell cycle entry, and apoptosis.
Results: ALF rats displayed a lower positive expression of A20 protein and a higher expression of Caspase-3 protein. Furthermore, A20 was down-regulated, while NF-κB, TRAF6, and RIP1 were all up-regulated in ALF rats. Notably, A20 inhibited activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. The blockade of NF-κB signaling pathway enhanced proliferation and cell cycle progression of hepatocytes, whereas inhibited apoptosis of hepatocytes. On the contrary, A20 siRNA reversed the above situation.
Conclusion: A20 inhibits apoptosis of hepatocytes and promotes the proliferation through the NF-κB signaling pathway in ALF rats, potentially providing new insight into the treatment of ALF.
Adjuvant Therapy and Mammographic Density Changes in Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Eriksson Louise , He Wei , Eriksson Mikael , Humphreys Keith , Bergh Jonas , Hall Per , Czene Kamila 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Tamoxifen decreases mammographic density. Whether compliance affects this relationship is unclear as is the relationship between other types of adjuvant treatment and changes in mammographic density.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 2490 women diagnosed with breast cancer during 2001–2015 in Sweden. Mammographic density was assessed within 3 months of diagnosis and 6–36 months post diagnosis. Logistic regression was performed to study the association between each respective adjuvant treatment and mammographic density reduction (annual dense area decrease &gt;15%).

Results
Intention-to-treat analyses using treatment information from the regional cancer registries showed that tamoxifen-treated patients more frequently experienced mammographic density reductions compared with nontreated patients (odds ratio [OR] = 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.25 to 1.99), as did chemotherapy-treated patients (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.06 to 1.54). For chemotherapy, the association was mainly seen in premenopausal women. Neither aromatase inhibitors nor radiotherapy was associated with density change. Tamoxifen use based on prescription and dispensation data from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register showed that users were more likely to have density reductions compared with nonusers (adjusted OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.40 to 3.59). Moreover, among tamoxifen users, tamoxifen continuers were more likely than discontinuers to experience density reductions (adjusted OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.04 to 2.17).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that adherence influences the association between tamoxifen and mammographic density reduction. We further found that chemotherapy was associated with density reductions and propose that this is largely secondary to chemotherapy-induced ovarian failure.
Israeli staff nurse knowledge and perception of the nurse practitioner role
Authors: Dickman Chaya , Miller Tamar , Muchow Lori , Ward-Smith Peggy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract:
This study assessed Israeli nurses' knowledge of the emerging role of master's-prepared NPs. Based on an integrated review of the literature, a study-specific survey was developed, including dichotomous knowledge items, Likert scored perception items, and self-disclosed demographic data. Analyses of the 146 responses revealed that exposure to NPs was limited. Knowledge specific to the role or clinical competency was lacking, yet the assessment capabilities and overall perception of NPs were positive. Data demonstrate a willingness to include NPs in the care model and an awareness that doing so would positively contribute to the overall health of patients.
Computing for Medicine: Can We Prepare Medical Students for the Future?
Authors: Law Marcus , Veinot Paula , Campbell Jennifer , Craig Michelle , Mylopoulos Maria 
Published: November 2018

Problem
Technology can transform health care; future physicians need to keep pace to ensure optimal patient care. Because future doctors are poorly prepared in computer literacy, the authors designed a computer programming certificate course. This Innovation Report describes the course and findings from a qualitative study to understand the ways it prepares medical students to use computing science and technology in medicine.

Approach
The 14-month Computing for Medicine certificate course (C4M, offered beginning in February 2016), University of Toronto, is comprised of hands-on workshops to introduce programming accompanied by homework exercises, seminars by computer science experts on the application of programming to medicine, and coding projects. Using purposive and maximal variation sampling, 17 students who completed the course were interviewed from April–May 2017. Thematic analysis was performed using an iterative constant comparison approach.

Outcomes
Participants praised the C4M as an opportunity to achieve computer literacy—including language, syntax, and fundamental computational ideas (and their application to medicine)—and acquire or strengthen algorithmic and logical thinking skills for approaching problems. They highlighted that the course illustrated linkages between computer science and medicine. Participants acknowledged a sometimes-existent chasm between producers and users of technology in medicine, recommending two-way communication between the disciplines when developing technology for use in medicine.

Next Steps
We recommend that medical schools consider computer literacy an essential skill to foster future collaborative computing partnerships for improved technology use by physicians and optimal patient care. We encourage further evaluation of future iterations of the C4M and similar courses.
An Electronic Interview Tracking Tool to Guide Medical Students Through the Match: Improvements in Advising and Match Outcomes
Authors: Frayha Neda , Raczek John , Lo Julia , Martinez Joseph , Parker Donna 
Published: November 2018

Problem
Medical students are applying to increasing numbers of residency programs to increase their likelihood of success in the Match. However, they have limited data to help them understand their level of competitiveness or identify programs to which they should apply.

Approach
In 2014–2015 (Match year 2015), the University of Maryland School of Medicine’s (UMSOM’s) Office of Student Affairs (OSA) implemented an electronic interview tracking tool in which students update their residency application interview status on an ongoing basis. OSA deans can filter and sort data by student, specialty, program, academic metrics, and interview status. The deans use these data to advise students in real time, provide students with examples of programs to consider, and engage clinical faculty to support students at risk of not matching.

Outcomes
In the Match years 2015, 2016, and 2017, respectively, 86% (n = 135/157), 87% (n = 138/159), and 94% (n = 151/161) of UMSOM students participated actively in this tracking tool, adding over 3,000 data points per year. Following the tool’s launch, the average number of applications per student remained stable. The UMSOM’s Match rate and percentages of students self-reporting a match in their top three choices and rating the school’s advising as “very useful” all increased, without comparable increases in national data.

Next Steps
This tool, which provides students with data-driven examples of programs to which they should consider applying, may be beneficial to students, faculty, and program directors at other institutions—and to the residency application process, if adopted broadly.