bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accounting for differences in costs among sampling locations in optimal stratification
Authors: Brus D. J. , Yang L. , Zhu A. X. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn areas with marked differences in accessibility, the cost efficiency of design‐based sampling strategies for estimating the population mean or total can be increased by accounting for these differences in the selection of the sampling locations. This can be achieved by stratified random sampling. The question then is how to construct the strata. Existing optimal stratification methods such as cum stratification assume a constant cost among the sampling units, and therefore can be suboptimal when this assumption is violated. A simulated annealing algorithm is proposed for simultaneous optimization of the stratum breaks and the sample size under optimal allocation of the sample size, given a chosen maximum for the expected total costs. The proposed stratification method is tested in a study area of 5900 km2 in Anhui province, China. Optimal stratum breaks were computed for estimating the population mean of the soil organic matter content (SOM). Predictions of SOM from a multiple linear regression model were used as a stratification variable. The optimal stratum breaks differed markedly from the cum breaks. The variance of the estimated mean of SOM using the optimal stratification was about 8 to 29% smaller than with the cum stratification, depending on the number of strata. This large gain in precision can be explained by the moderately strong correlation of the point‐wise costs and the stratification variable. Smaller gains are expected when this correlation is weaker or the variation in costs among the units are smaller. The proposed algorithm can also be used when no ancillary variable related to the variable of interest is available, accounting for differences in costs among the sampling units only. An R script with functions is provided as supporting information.HighlightsA method is proposed to compute optimal strata that accounts for differences in costs among sampling locations
Simulated annealing is used to optimize stratum breaks and total sample size under a total costs constraint
The variance of estimated mean of SOM with proposed method was 8 to 29% smaller than with cum method
Proposed algorithm can also be used when no stratification variable is available (optimal costs stratification)
THE IMAGE IN CELAN'S POETICS
Authors: Koch Julian Johannes Immanuel 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThis article explores Paul Celan's poetics of the image. Beginning with a close analysis of his text ‘Edgar Jené. Der Traum vom Traume’, the article seeks to demonstrate that Celan's conception of the image is informed by a long theological and philosophical tradition of thinking about the image as constituted by ‘Urbild’ and ‘Abbild’. The article then traces attenuated elements of this discourse, as reformed by Celan's translation of the painter Jean Bazaine's writing on painting, and his own readings of Edmund Husserl's phenomenology, in his later poetological writings on the image surrounding his ‘Meridian’ speech.
‘OB MÄDCHEN ODER HUNDE’: WOMEN AND ANIMALS IN KAREN DUVE'S REGENROMAN
Authors: Richards Anna 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTKaren Duve's Regenroman is read here as a fictional exploration of the intersection between animal studies and feminism. As feminism has challenged the polarity male/female, in this novel Duve undermines the traditional dualism human/animal by endowing human characters with ‘animal’ attributes and vice versa. The narrative voice inhabits several different perspectives, including that of animal characters. The novel illustrates the ways in which women and animals are both victimised under a patriarchy which constructs masculinity against a female or animal ‘other’, and the affinity between them which is a result. Male characters abuse and kill women and animals for sexual gratification, for food, or to exercise power, in almost parodic displays of masculinity. I argue that, although Duve links feminism with animal rights, fiction allows her to imagine individual experiences and to avoid ‘instrumentalising’ one cause in the interest of the other.
HBV seroprevalence after 25 years of universal mass vaccination and management of non‐responders to the anti‐Hepatitis B vaccine: An Italian study among medical students
Authors: Bianchi Francesco P. , Gallone Maria S. , Gallone Maria F. , Larocca Angela M. V. , Vimercati Luigi , Quarto Michele , Tafuri Silvio 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAccording to international guidelines, healthcare workers and medical students immunized against HBV are periodically tested for anti‐HBs IgG. Subjects who show an anti‐HBs titre <10 mUI/mL must receive additional vaccine doses to induce a measurable antibody response. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐time immunogenicity of anti‐hepatitis B vaccination in a sample of medical students and residents of the University of Bari who attended the Hygiene Department for biological risk assessment (April 2014‐June 2017). The strategy for the management of nonresponder subjects was evaluated. A total of 3676 students and residents were invited for testing according to a standardized protocol. Anti‐HBs IgG was tested for in 3140 (85.4%) subjects: 1174/3140 (37.7%) subjects were negative. 14.6% (128/808) of subjects who received the vaccine during their 12th year of life and 45.8% (1056/2305) of subjects immunized during the first year of life (P < 0.0001) were negative. 1005/1174 (85.6%) seronegative subjects received a booster dose, and 903/1005 (89.9%) were tested for anti‐HBs 1 month after the booster dose: 82/903 (9.1%) subjects were still negative. Of these, 56/82 (68.3%) received 2 additional doses of vaccine and 52/56 (92.9%) were tested 1 month after the third dose: 50/52 subjects (96.2%) developed a positive titre. In conclusion, several medical students, immunized at birth or at young age against HBV, did not develop protective titres against the virus. Our management strategy (booster retest; for negative subjects, 2 doses and retest) seems consistent with the purpose of evidencing immunological memory.
Development and future deployment of a 5 years allograft survival model for kidney transplantation
Authors: DuBay Derek A , Su Zemin , Morinelli Thomas A , Baliga Prabhakar , Rohan Vinayak , Bian John , Northrup David , Pilch Nicole , Rao Vinaya , Srinivas Titte R , Mauldin Patrick D , Taber David J 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAimIdentifying kidney transplant patients at highest risk for graft loss prior to loss may allow for effective interventions to improve 5 years survival.MethodsWe performed a 10 years retrospective cohort study of adult kidney transplant recipients (n = 1747). We acquired data from electronic health records, United Network of Organ Sharing, social determinants of health, natural language processing data extraction, and real‐time capture of dynamically evolving clinical data obtained within 1 year of transplant; from which we developed a 5 years graft survival model.ResultsTotal of 1439 met eligibility; 265 (18.4%) of them experienced graft loss by 5 years. Graft loss patients were characterized by: older age, being African–American, diabetic, unemployed, smokers, having marginal donor kidneys and cardiovascular comorbidities. Predictive dynamic variables included: low mean blood pressure, higher pulse pressures, higher heart rate, anaemia, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate peak, increased tacrolimus variability, rejection and readmissions. This Big Data analysis generated a 5 years graft loss model with an 82% predictive capacity, versus 66% using baseline United Network of Organ Sharing data alone.ConclusionOur analysis yielded a 5 years graft loss model demonstrating superior predictive capacity compared with United Network of Organ Sharing data alone, allowing post‐transplant individualized risk‐assessed care prior to transitioning back to community care.
Spectrum of chronic kidney disease in China: A national study based on hospitalized patients from 2010 to 2015
Authors: Huang Yu‐Ming , Xu Damin , Long Jianyan , Shi Ying , Zhang Luxia , Wang Haibo , Levin Adeera , Zhao Ming‐Hui 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate the spectrum of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China.MethodsWe used a large national in‐patient database covering 878 class three hospitals and involving 64.7 million adult patients in China from 2010 to 2015. The class 3 hospital in China is ranked as the top tier of medical system in China with at least 500 beds and the accreditation from health authorities. The specific causes of CKD were extracted from the International Classification of Diseases‐10 codes of discharge diagnoses.ResultsA total of 4.5% of hospitalized patients (1.8 million) were identified as CKD, with an increased percentage from 2010 (3.7%) to 2015 (4.7%). Increasing trends of diabetic kidney disease and hypertensive nephropathy were observed from 2010 to 2015 (19.5% vs 24.3% and 11.5% vs 15.9%, respectively), especially for urban residents from north China. The proportion of obstructive nephropathy also increased gradually (10.3% in 2010 vs 15.6% in 2015) and constituted another important cause of CKD for patients, especially for those from south China and rural residents.ConclusionThe spectrum of CKD is changing in China, with variations over time and geographic regions, which has implication regarding developing the prevention strategy of CKD.
Periodontal complications with obesity
Authors: Suvan Jean E. , Finer Nicholas , D'Aiuto Francesco 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this paper was to identify and summarize current evidence describing periodontal complications associated with obesity. Electronic searches supplemented with manual searches were carried out to identify relevant systematic reviews. Identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion of studies were performed independently by two reviewers. A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) was used to assess the quality and risk of bias of the included reviews. From 430 titles and abstracts screened, 14 systematic reviews were considered as eligible for inclusion in this meta‐review. Eight reviews reported on cross‐sectional studies investigating the association of obesity and periodontal diseases, 4 included longitudinal studies, 5 addressed response to periodontal therapy, 5 reported on studies investigating biomarkers, and only 2 were related to pediatric population samples. Systematic review summaries in the various study design domains (cross‐sectional, longitudinal and experimental) report that obese individuals are more likely to have periodontal diseases, with more severe periodontal conditions, than nonobese individuals, with cross‐sectional evidence congruent with longitudinal studies showing that obesity or weight gain increases the risk of periodontitis onset and progression. Published research on the effect of obesity on responses to periodontal therapy, or systemic or local biomarkers of inflammation, is variable and therefore inconclusive based on the evidence currently available, which suggests that overweight/obesity contributes to periodontal complications independently of other risk factors, such as age, gender, smoking, or ethnicity. This evidence supports the need for risk assessments for individual patients to facilitate personalized approaches in order to prevent and treat periodontal diseases.
Importing exporters and exporting importers: A study of the decision of Chinese firms to engage in international trade
Authors: Elliott Robert J.R. , Horsewood Nicholas J. , Zhang Liyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper examines the complex and interdependent relationship between importing and exporting for a panel of Chinese manufacturing firms. We estimate the decision to import and export simultaneously within a dynamic random‐effects bivariate probit framework addressing the endogenous initial conditions problem. Results show that decisions to export and import are simultaneously determined and that sunk‐entry costs play a significant role in a firm's decision to enter international markets. Costs are larger for exporting. We also find a substitution effect between the two decisions. The substitutability between exporting and importing is greater for financially constrained private firms.
Geography and Routing in the Internet
Authors: Nur Abdullah Yasin , Tozal Mehmet Engin 
Published: September 2018

The Internet is a network of networks consisting of tens of thousands of Autonomous Systems (ASes). These ASes connect to each other in different forms to enable the “global” Internet communication. In this study, we investigate the geographical characteristics of the visible Internet as well as examine the relation between geography and intra-AS and inter-AS routing policies. We show that the ingress-to-egress subpaths have lower circuitousness compared to the end-to-end paths. Our findings not only demonstrate the efficient backbone infrastructures and routing schemes deployed by ASes but also show the consequences of economical incentives on the adoption of inter-AS paths. We present and examine the existence of a strong correlation between the geographical distance and round trip delay time as well as the lack of a correlation between the geographical distance and hop length in the Internet. We investigate the relation between the geographical distance and intra-AS routing policies by employing cross-AS (X-AS) Internet topology maps. Our results show that more than two thirds of the intra-AS subpaths are congruent with the shortest geographical distance whether or not geographical distance is employed as a custom parameter in routing decisions. Our results provide new insights into the relations between geography and Internet routing, which allow the network researchers and practitioners to improve their networking infrastructures, reevaluate their routing policies, deploy geography-aware network overlays, and develop more realistic network simulation processes.
Hyperactivation of MAPK Signaling Is Deleterious to RAS/RAF-mutant Melanoma
Authors: Leung Grace P. , Feng Tianshu , Sigoillot Frederic D. , Geyer Felipe C. , Shirley Matthew D. , Ruddy David A. , Rakiec Daniel P. , Freeman Alyson K. , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Jaskelioff Mariela , Stuart Darrin D. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

The most frequent genetic alterations in melanoma are gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in BRAF, which result in RAF–MEK–ERK signaling pathway addiction. Despite therapeutic success of RAF and MEK inhibitors in treating BRAFV600-mutant tumors, a major challenge is the inevitable emergence of drug resistance, which often involves reactivation of the MAPK pathway. Interestingly, resistant tumors are often sensitive to drug withdrawal, suggesting that hyperactivation of the MAPK pathway is not tolerated. To further characterize this phenomenon, isogenic models of inducible MAPK hyperactivation in BRAFV600E melanoma cells were generated by overexpression of ERK2. Using this model system, supraphysiologic levels of MAPK signaling led to cell death, which was reversed by MAPK inhibition. Furthermore, complete tumor regression was observed in an ERK2-overexpressing xenograft model. To identify mediators of MAPK hyperactivation–induced cell death, a large-scale pooled shRNA screen was conducted, which revealed that only shRNAs against BRAF and MAP2K1 rescued loss of cell viability. This suggested that no single downstream ERK2 effector was required, consistent with pleiotropic effects on multiple cellular stress pathways. Intriguingly, the detrimental effect of MAPK hyperactivation could be partially attributed to secreted factors, and more than 100 differentially secreted proteins were identified. The effect of ERK2 overexpression was highly context dependent, as RAS/RAF mutant but not RAS/RAF wild-type melanoma were sensitive to this perturbation.

Implications:
This vulnerability to MAPK hyperactivation raises the possibility of novel therapeutic approaches for RAS/RAF-mutant cancers.
Repurposing of mTOR Complex Inhibitors Attenuates MCL-1 and Sensitizes to PARP Inhibition
Authors: Mattoo Abid R. , Joun Alex , Jessup J. Milburn 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMCL-1, a member of the antiapoptotic BCL-2 family, is a prosurvival protein with an essential DNA repair function. This study aims to test whether inhibition of protein synthesis by mTOR complex (mTORC) inhibitors depletes MCL-1, suppresses homologous recombination (HR) repair, and sensitizes cancer cells to PARP inhibitors. Treatment with everolimus decreases MCL-1 in colorectal carcinomas and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells but not glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells with a PTEN mutational background. However, AZD2014, a dual mTORC inhibitor, depletes MCL-1 in GBMs. Further, we show that everolimus decreases 4EBP1 phosphorylation only in colorectal carcinoma, whereas AZD2014 decreases 4EBP1 phosphorylation in both colorectal carcinoma and GBM cells. Combination therapy using everolimus or AZD2014 with olaparib inhibits the growth of clone A and U87-MG xenografts in in vivo and decreases clonogenic survival in in vitro compared with monotherapy. Reintroduction of MCL-1 rescues the survival of cancer cells in response to combination of everolimus or AZD2014 with olaparib. Treatment of cells with mTORC inhibitors and olaparib increases γ-H2AX and 53BP1 foci, decreases BRCA1, RPA, and Rad51 foci, impairs phosphorylation of ATR/Chk1 kinases, and induces necroptosis. In summary, mTORC inhibitors deplete MCL-1 to suppress HR repair and increase sensitivity to olaparib both in in vitro and in xenografts.Implications:Targeting the DNA repair activity of MCL-1 in in vivo for cancer therapy has not been tested. This study demonstrates that depleting MCL-1 sensitizes cancer cells to PARP inhibitors besides eliciting necroptosis, which could stimulate antitumor immunity to improve the therapeutic intervention of cancers.
Calibração das Faixas de Conforto Térmico Humano para Espaços Abertos em Clima Subtropical
Authors: Gobo João Paulo Assis , Galvani Emerson , Wollmann Cássio Arthur , Gonçalves Fabio Luiz Teixeira 
Published: September 2018

O índice conforto térmico tem sido utilizado com a finalidade de avaliar a percepção média das pessoas com relação às condições de tempo atmosférico em diversas regiões do globo, mas muito pouco com respeito à região subtropical do Brasil, em particular no Sul do Brasil. Dessa forma, neste estudo buscou-se definir uma faixa de conforto térmico adequada para residentes da cidade de Santa Maria, no Rio Grande do Sul, baseado na aplicação de questionários de percepção/sensação dos habitantes simultâneo ao registros de dados meteorológicos entre os dias 05 de agosto a 07 de agosto de 2015, de 17 de janeiro a 19 de janeiro de 2016 e de 06 de julho a 08 de julho de 2016. Foram coletados dados primários de temperatura do ar, temperatura de globo cinza, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento, rajada do vento, radiação solar global e precipitação. As entrevistas foram realizadas com pessoas com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, com cobertura corporal entre 0,5 e 1,0 clo. Neste estudo concluiu-se que a modelagem estatística mostrou-se eficaz na determinação das faixas de conforto térmico adequadas aos padrões climáticos e a preferência térmica da população de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. No entanto, a partir das análises estatísticas aplicadas, pode-se afirmar que nenhum dos referidos índices, como originalmente construídos, é de fato ideal para explicar o conforto térmico em Santa Maria, sendo necessária a adaptação destes, ou construção de um novo índice.
Características Granulométricas e Morfológicas das Areias de Solos sobre Arenitos e Basaltos em Floraí/PR
Authors: Barreiros André Mateus , Oliveira Déborah de , Nakashima Paulo , Queiroz Netos José Pereira de , Nakashima Marcelo Reis , Alves Grace Bungenstab , Pinheiro Marcos Roberto , Andrade José Antonio de 
Published: September 2018

O artigo aborda as diferenças nas formas de relevo e materiais associados (rochas, solos e depósitos) do setor noroeste do estado do Paraná, região sul do Brasil. Discute, em nível de detalhe, a geometria de uma vertente e as especificidades granulométricas e morfológicas das areias de um solo sobre o arenito da Formação Caiuá (Grupo Bauru), em comparação com outro nos basaltos da Formação Serra Geral (Grupo São Bento), na bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Gurupá. Para tanto, foram realizados procedimentos em gabinete, campo e laboratório, ligados a metodologias e técnicas da Pedologia, Sedimentologia e Geomorfologia em uma sequência multiescalar, que subsidiaram a descrição e análise das formas e materiais. Conclui que há claras diferenças morfológicas entre grãos de areia dos dois perfis, porém na mineralogia e granulometria as distinções são sutis. O Argissolo, sobre o arenito, possui grãos de quartzo preferencialmente rugosos, polidos/foscos e arredondamento subangular/subarredondado dependendo da profundidade, enquanto o Nitossolo, oriundo dos basaltos, contém grãos rugosos, foscos e subarredondados em sua maioria. Estes resultados corroboram com a hipótese de que a Formação Caiuá possui duas fácies, uma de deposição eólica e outra flúvio-lacustre, contrariando a ideia que propõe um contexto exclusivamente eólico. Além disto, as características encontradas no volume superficial, comum aos dois solos, não possui continuidade em profundidade no Nitossolo, o que indica uma gênese alóctone deste material sobre o basalto.
The Juggler of Notre Dame and the Medievalizing of Modernity
Authors: Ziolkowski Jan M. 
Published: September 2018

This ambitious and vivid study in six volumes explores the journey of a single, electrifying story, from its first incarnation in a medieval French poem through its prolific rebirth in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Juggler of Notre Dame tells how an entertainer abandons the world to join a monastery, but is suspected of blasphemy after dancing his devotion before a statue of the Madonna in the crypt; he is saved when the statue, delighted by his skill, miraculously comes to life.
Jan Ziolkowski tracks the poem from its medieval roots to its rediscovery in late nineteenth-century Paris, before its translation into English in Britain and the United States. The visual influence of the tale on Gothic revivalism and vice versa in America is carefully documented with lavish and inventive illustrations, and Ziolkowski concludes with an examination of the explosion of interest in The Juggler of Notre Dame in the twentieth century and its place in mass culture today. In this volume Jan Ziolkowski follows the juggler of Notre Dame as he cavorts through new media, including radio, television, and film, becoming closely associated with Christmas and embedded in children’s literature.
Presented with great clarity and simplicity, Ziolkowski's work is accessible to the general reader, while its many new discoveries will be valuable to academics in such fields and disciplines as medieval studies, medievalism, philology, literary history, art history, folklore, performance studies, and reception studies.