bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Indole with Propargyl Alcohols
Authors: Kaufmann Julia , Jäckel Elisabeth , Haak Edgar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCascade transformations forming multiple bonds and one‐pot procedures provide rapid access to natural‐product‐like scaffolds from simple precursors. These atom‐economic processes are valuable tools in organic synthesis and drug discovery. Herein, we report on ruthenium‐catalyzed cascade annulations of indole with readily available propargyl alcohols. These provide rapid access to diverse carbazoles, cyclohepta[b]indoles, and further fused polycycles with high selectivity. A bifunctional ruthenium complex featuring a redox‐coupled cyclopentadienone ligand acts as a common catalyst for the different cascade processes.
Molecular and thermal studies of carbon fiber precursor polymers with low thermal‐oxidative stabilization characteristics
Authors: Santhana Krishnan G. , Thomas P. , Naveen S. , Murali N. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn this investigation, terpolymers, copolymers, and homopolymer of acrylonitrile with dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide (DMAPA), itaconic acid (IA) viz., poly(acrylonitrile‐ran‐3‐dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide‐ran‐itaconic acid) [P(AN‐DMAPP‐IA)], poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐3, dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide) [P(AN‐DMAPP)] were synthesized with varying amounts of comonomers using solution polymerization process. The chemical structure, composition, bonding network were determined employing infrared, 1H and, 13‐carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Molecular characteristics of as‐synthesized polymers such as different kinds of average molecular weights, molecular weight distribution were estimated applying solution viscometry and size exclusion chromatography. The influence of comonomers (DMPAA, IA) on the thermal stabilization characteristics of acrylonitrile terpolymers in comparison with copolymers and homopolymers of acrylonitrile were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hyphenated thermal techniques (thermal gravimetry coupled with differential thermal analyzer).The DSC curves of P(AN‐DMAPP‐IA) exhibit a distinct broader bimodal peaks with thermal exotherm initiating at as low as 165 °C, and followed by two peaks with temperature difference of 42 °C, releasing the evolved heat at a release rate of 0.7–0.11 J g−1s−1over 10 min as compared to 1.2, 7.5 J g−1s−1 in 4.5, 2 min as observed in P(AN‐DMAPP), polyacrylonitrile, respectively. The thermal stability of P(AN‐DMAPP‐IA) and P(AN‐DMAPP), as evidenced by TGA‐DTA was found to be higher than PAN homopolymers. Specific heat capacity measurements confirmed the DSC results. Bulk densities of P(AN‐DMAPP‐IA) were in the range 0.31–0.35 g/cc. These results confirm the low‐temperature stabilization characteristics and suitability of P(AN‐DMAPP‐IA) as low cost carbon fiber precursor polymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46381.
The Australasian Virtual Herbarium: Tracking data usage and benefits for biological collections
Authors: Cantrill David J. 
Published: March 2018

Premise of the StudyGlobally, natural history collections are focused on digitizing specimens and information and making these data accessible. Usage information on National Herbarium of Victoria data made available through the Atlas of Living Australia and The Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH) is analyzed to understand how and by whom herbarium data are being used.MethodsSince 2010, AVH data usage information has been gathered from users and supplied to data custodians as a spreadsheet that includes number of download events, number of records downloaded, and user reasons for downloading data in predefined categories.ResultsSince 2010, in excess of 268,000 download events of 194 million records (excluding testing events) have been recorded for the National Herbarium of Victoria data set. This means, on average, every record has been downloaded 220 times in the past nine years. Data use grew continuously from 2010 to 2015 but decreased in 2016 due to fewer ecological projects.DiscussionData have primarily been used for ecological research, but there is an emerging trend for use in education including citizen science projects. Information about data use demonstrates relevance to funding agencies and helps inform the development of collections and prioritization of resources when digitizing material.
Lupus Regulator Peptide P140 Represses B Cell Differentiation by Reducing HLA Class II Molecule Overexpression
Authors: Wilhelm Maud , Wang Fengjuan , Schall Nicolas , Kleinmann Jean‐François , Faludi Michael , Nashi Emil Pablo , Sibilia Jean , Martin Thierry , Schaeffer Evelyne , Muller Sylviane 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivePhosphopeptide P140 (Lupuzor) is an inhibitor of autophagy currently being evaluated in late‐stage clinical trials for the treatment of lupus. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of P140 ex vivo on human T and B cells.MethodsHuman B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and cellular assays. The expression of autophagy markers was evaluated by immunoblotting and flow cytometry. The levels of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling markers and HLA molecules were assessed by flow cytometry. Toll‐like receptor ligands were screened using an assay with transfected HEK 293 cells. P140 cell entry and trafficking were measured by immunofluorescence in the presence of various inhibitors of endosomal pathways.ResultsAs was previously observed after intravenous injection of the peptide in a mouse model of lupus, P140 entered human B cells by a clathrin coat–dependent endocytosis process and homed into lysosomes. The peptide displayed no direct effect on BCR signaling of memory, naive mature, transitional, and B1 cells. However, it strongly reduced the overexpression of HLA class II molecules on lupus B cells that were acting as antigen‐presenting cells, down‐regulated the maturation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells, and decreased IgG secretion.ConclusionThese findings show that P140 down‐regulates HLA class II overexpression in human lupus B cells, and also that P140 hampers the differentiation of B cells into autoantibody‐secreting plasma cells, likely due to the resulting lack of T cell signaling and activation. This mechanism appears to switch off the downstream events leading to secretion of pathogenic autoantibodies, thus explaining the highly promising results obtained in clinical trials of P140 (Lupuzor) for the treatment of lupus.
„Prisvärdig“ Forschung? Wilhelm Roux und sein Programm der Entwicklungsmechanik
Authors: Halling Thorsten , Hansson Nils , Fangerau Heiner 
Published: March 2018

Abstract“Prizeworthy Research?” Wilhelm Roux and His Program of Developmental Mechanics. The Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine is awarded annually to a maximum of three laureates. Not surprisingly, the number of nominees is much larger. Drawing on Nobel Prize nominations in the Nobel archives in Sweden, the core of this paper deals with the nomination letters for the physiologist Wilhelm Roux to discuss competition and some controversies among German physiologists around 1900 in this particular context. The paper (1) elucidates the arguments brought forward to portray Roux as a scientist who had conferred “the greatest benefit to mankind” in the field of physiology or medicine (as stipulated in Alfred Nobel's will); (2) examines some other runners‐up, and (3) reconstructs why Roux as well as some of his peers were not awarded the Nobel Prize. On a more general level, we argue that an analysis of Nobel Prize nominations contributes to a broader history of excellence in science and medicine in the twentieth century.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of Ca3(BO3)2:Eu3+ via two‐step method
Authors: Huang Hongsheng , Feng Xiaoqin , Chen Tianbao , Xiong Ying , Zhang Feng 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNovel Ca2B2O5·H2O:Eu3+ nanotubes, constructed with nanobelts, were prepared using a hydrothermal method. The Ca3(BO3)2:Eu3+ nanobelts with a thickness of about 100 nm were made for the first time using a two‐step hydrothermal process with Ca2B2O5·H2O:Eu3+ as the precursor. The samples were characterized by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infra‐red spectroscopy, thermogravimetry differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The relationship between Ca3(BO3)2:Eu3+ and Ca2B2O5·H2O:Eu3+ was also studied. Possible reaction and growth mechanisms for Ca2B2O5·H2O:Eu3+ and Ca3(BO3)2:Eu3+ were proposed. Ca3(BO3)2:Eu3+ preserved the basic microstructure unit of Ca2B2O5·H2O:Eu3+. Both Ca2B2O5·H2O:Eu3+ and Ca3(BO3)2:Eu3+ exhibited red emissions centred at 614 nm, but the maximum excitation peaks for Ca2B2O5·H2O:Eu3+ and Ca3(BO3)2:Eu3+ differed. Ca3(BO3)2:Eu3+ exhibited higher photoluminescence intensity but a lower R/O value than Ca2B2O5·H2O:Eu3+.
Using thematic analysis in counselling and psychotherapy research: A critical reflection
Authors: Clarke Victoria , Braun Virginia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this brief commentary, we critically reflect on the use of thematic analysis, and particularly the approach to thematic analysis we have outlined, in counselling and psychotherapy research. We identify the distinct characteristics of our thematic analysis approach, and highlight some common areas of confusion and poor practice in published thematic analysis research in counselling and psychotherapy.
Comparison of some mineral nutrients and vitamins in advanced hulled wheat lines
Authors: Tekin Mehmet , Cengiz Mehmet Fatih , Abbasov Mehraj , Aksoy Aytekin , Canci Huseyin , Akar Taner 
Published: March 2018

Background and objectivesAncient wheat species, einkorn and emmer wheat, are potential healthy food sources for their vitamin and element contents. The aim of this study was to evaluate some elements and vitamin A and B complex of 36 einkorn and 49 emmer wheat advanced lines tested under field conditions.FindingsThe results showed that some emmer wheat lines were extremely higher than those from einkorn and durum wheat checks for microelements. The mean concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se of the emmer wheat lines were found to be 41.72 ± 3.57, 17.06 ± 0.63, 2.85 ± 0.15, 18.11 ± 0.71, and 0.05 ± 0.00 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, the means of A, B1, B2, B5, and B6 concentrations were determined as 65.48 ± 2.39 μg/kg, 4.22 ± 0.13 mg/kg, 0.36 ± 0.05 mg/kg, 3.60 ± 0.21 mg/kg, and 2.06 ± 0.09 mg/kg, respectively.ConclusionsThe emmer wheat lines of 24, 43, 44, and 53 for elemental and 3, 4, 11, 17, and 24 for vitamin A and B complex can be selected for enrichment of the wheat products.Significance and noveltySuperiority of emmer wheat lines in terms of micronutrients and vitamin A and B complex compared to einkorn lines and durum wheat cultivars was obviously demonstrated.
Durable treatment response of relapsing CNS plasmacytoma using intrathecal chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and Daratumumab
Authors: Elhassadi Ezzat , Murphy Maurice , Hacking Dayle , Farrell Michael 
Published: March 2018

Key Clinical MessageCNS myelomatous involvement is a rare complication of multiple myeloma with dismal outcome. This disease's optimal treatment is unclear. Combined approach of systemic therapy, radiotherapy, and intrathecal injections chemotherapy should be considered and autologous stem cell transplant consolidation is offered to eligible patients. The role of Daratumumab in this disease deserves further evaluation.
Synthetic Regulation of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines for the AIE or AIEE Effect: From Rational Design to Mechanistic Views
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Na , Yu Yuan , Shan Yi‐Min , Wang Bing , Pu Xue‐Mei , Yu Xiao‐Qi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission/aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIE/AIEE) has recently attracted intense research, and a large number of AIE/AIEE luminogens (AIE/AIEEgens) have been constructed for application in diverse scientific fields. The AIE and AIEE effects have similar, but not identical, photophysical behaviors, which are closely related to molecular architectures. However, the current understanding of the inherent differences between AIE and AIEE is still obscure. Herein, a rational design strategy is reported for achieving AIE and AIEE effects by simply incorporating different substituents at the periphery of the same core skeleton. Experimental and theoretical studies on the series of compounds indicated that the restriction of intramolecular twisting motions or/and rotations plays an important role in regard to the corresponding AIE or AIEE behaviors. Moreover, compound 1 a (FW=203, ΦF=80.9 %) was discovered as the lowest molecular weight AIEEgen with a high quantum yield in the solid state despite having no rotatable units. Compound 2 a also exhibited an AIEE effect with the minimum necessary structure (a single ring).
Asymmetric Benzylic Allylic Alkylation Reaction of 3‐Furfural Derivatives by Dearomatizative Dienamine Activation
Authors: He Xiao‐Long , Zhao Hui‐Ru , Duan Chuan‐Qi , Han Xu , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe dearomatizative dienamine‐type ortho‐quinodimethane species are smoothly generated between 2‐alkyl‐3‐furfurals and chiral secondary amine catalysts, which undergo asymmetric benzylic allylic alkylation reactions with 2‐nitroallylic acetates efficiently. A spectrum of densely functionalized 3‐furfural derivatives are delivered in moderate to high yields with good to excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity (up to 98 % yield, >19:1 d.r., >99 % ee). The latent transformations allow the facile production of some enantioenriched architectures, such as 1,1,2,2‐tetraarylethanes and triarylmethanes, which are not easily available from other protocols.
Tipping the Balance between Ligand and Metal Protonation due to Relativistic Effects: Unusually High Proton Affinity in Gold(I) Pincer Complexes
Authors: Jerabek Paul , Vondung Lisa , Schwerdtfeger Peter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractQuantum theoretical studies show that the extremely high proton affinity at the metal center of the unusual T‐shaped (LXL)AuI–pincer complex, consisting of a carbazole framework and two mesoionic carbenes, is caused by relativistic effects. This brings the basicity of the AuI center in line with the electron‐rich nitrogen atom of the carbazole ring system, resulting in one of the highest proton affinities for a neutral molecule.
Redox‐triggered chiroptical switching activity of ruthenium(III)‐bis‐(β‐diketonato) complexes bearing a bipyridine‐helicene ligand
Authors: Saleh Nidal , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Bonvoisin Jacques , Autschbach Jochen , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe charged, electroactive bipyridine‐helicene‐ruthenium(III) complex [4].+,PF6− has been prepared from 3‐(2‐pyridyl)‐4‐aza[6]helicene and a Ru‐bis‐(β‐diketonato)‐bis‐acetonitrile precursor (β‐diketonato: 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionato). Its chiroptical properties (electronic circular dichroism and optical rotation) were studied both experimentally and theoretically and suggest the presence of 2 diastereoisomers, namely (P,Δ)‐ and (P,Λ)‐[4].+,PF6− (denoted jointly as (P,Δ*)‐[4].+,PF6−) and their mirror‐images (M,Λ)‐ and (M,Δ)‐[4].+,PF6− ((M,Δ*)‐[4].+,PF6−). The electrochemical reduction of (P,Δ*)‐[4].+,PF6− to neutral complex (P,Δ*)‐4 was performed and revealed strong changes in the UV‐vis and electronic circular dichroism spectra. A reversible redox‐triggered chiroptical switching process was then achieved.
Nine‐year prostate cancer survival differences between aggressive versus conservative therapy in men with advanced and metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Dall'Era Marc A. , Lo Mary J. , Chen Jaclyn , Cress Rosemary , Hamilton Ann S. 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDTo the authors' knowledge, the survival benefit of local therapy in the setting of advanced prostate cancer remains unknown. The authors investigated whether prostate‐directed treatment with either surgery or radiotherapy versus conservative treatment in the setting of locally advanced or metastatic disease was associated with improved survival within a cohort of men from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Breast and Prostate Cancer Data Quality and Patterns of Care Study (CDC POC‐BP).METHODSMen diagnosed with locally advanced (cT3‐T4 or N+ and M0) or metastatic prostate cancer were identified. The authors compared survival by treatment type, categorized as conservative (androgen deprivation therapy only) versus aggressive (radical prostatectomy or any type of radiotherapy). Nine‐year overall survival and prostate cancer‐specific survival were estimated using the Kaplan‐Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine factors independently associated with 9‐year prostate cancer‐specific survival.RESULTSFor men with advanced, nonmetastatic prostate cancer, conservative treatment alone was associated with a 4 times higher likelihood of prostate cancer mortality compared with men treated with surgery (hazard ratio, 4.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.44‐12.14). In contrast, no difference was found between conservative versus aggressive treatment after adjusting for covariates for men with metastatic disease. The 9‐year prostate cancer‐specific survival rate was 27% for those receiving aggressive treatment versus 24% for men undergoing conservative treatment.CONCLUSIONSThe authors did not observe a survival advantage with local therapy in addition to standard androgen deprivation therapy for men with metastatic prostate cancer. However, the results of the current study did affirm advantages in the setting of locally advanced disease. Aggressive local therapy in the setting of metastatic disease needs to be studied carefully before clinical adoption. Cancer 2018;124:1921‐8. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Dose‐intensified hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy for painful spinal metastases: Results of a phase 2 study
Authors: Guckenberger Matthias , Sweeney Reinhart A. , Hawkins Maria , Belderbos Jose , Andratschke Nicolaus , Ahmed Merina , Madani Indira , Mantel Frederick , Steigerwald Sabrina , Flentje Michael 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate dose‐intensified hypofractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in patients with painful spinal metastases in a multicenter, single‐arm, phase 2 study.METHODSPatients with 2 or fewer distinct, noncontiguous, painful, mechanically stable, unirradiated spinal metastases from a solid tumor with a Karnofsky performance status ≥ 60 were eligible. Patients with a long (Mizumoto score ≤ 4) or intermediate overall survival expectancy (Mizumoto score = 5‐9) received 48.5 Gy in 10 fractions or 35 Gy in 5 fractions, respectively, with SBRT. The primary outcome was the overall (complete and partial) pain response as measured with international consensus guidelines 3 months after SBRT.RESULTSThere were 57 patients enrolled between 2012 and 2015, and 54 of these patients with 60 painful vertebral metastases were analyzed. The 3‐month pain response was evaluated in 42 patients (47 lesions). An overall pain response was observed in 41 lesions (87%), and the pain response remained stable for at least 12 months. The mean maximum pain scores on a visual analogue scale significantly improved from the baseline of 6.1 (standard deviation, 2.5) to 2.0 (standard deviation, 2.3) 3 months after treatment (P < .001). The 5‐level EuroQol 5‐Dimension Questionnaire quality‐of‐life (QOL) dimensions (self‐reported mobility, usual activities, and pain/discomfort) significantly improved from the baseline to 3 months after treatment. The 12‐month overall survival and local control rates were 61.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48%‐74.8%) and 85.9% (95% CI, 76.7%‐95%), respectively. Grade 3 toxicity was limited to acute pain in 1 patient (2%). No patient experienced radiation‐induced myelopathy. Six patients (11%) developed progressive vertebral compression fractures (VCFs), and 8 patients (15%) developed new VCFs.CONCLUSIONSDose‐intensified SBRT achieved durable local metastasis control and resulted in pronounced and long‐term pain responses and improved QOL. Cancer 2018;124:2001‐9. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Enhanced Photoluminescence and Stability of CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals with Protonated Melamine
Authors: Wang Sangni , Huang Furong , Zhou Liya , Wei Jianwu , Xin Youling , Jin Peng , Cai Zhuo , Yin Zuodong , Pang Qi , Zhang Jin Zhong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe surface of CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) plays a critical role in determining their optical properties and stability. The introduction of capping ligands can enhance photoluminescence (PL), reduce non‐radiative recombination, and improve stability. Here, we report a facile synthesis of CH3NH3PbBr3 PNCs with strong and highly stable green PL using melamine (Mela) as a simple and low‐cost capping ligand. The resulting CH3NH3PbBr3/Mela PNCs have cubic phase crystal structure with an average particle size of 5.29±0.06 nm. The optical absorption and PL of the CH3NH3PbBr3/Mela PNCs with narrow bandwidth can be tuned within the visible region, and the PL quantum yield (QY) reached 52.3% compared to 0.4% the pristine CH3NH3PbBr3 PNCs. A synergistic effect between NH3+ and the electron‐rich nitrogen atoms together with p‐p stacking capacity, likely contributes to enhance the PL by effectively passivating of the trap states of PNCs. Furthermore, melamine‐capped PNCs show high stability in protic solvents as a result of the steric bulkiness of the triazine rings, owing to the planar structure together with hydrogen bonding of melamine, which prevents solvent molecules from reaching and reacting with the core of PNCs. This study demonstrates a simple and effective approach for stabilizing PNCs for potential applications such as solar cells and LEDs.
Boosting the Photocatalytic Activity of P25 for Carbon Dioxide Reduction by using a Surface‐Alkalinized Titanium Carbide MXene as Cocatalyst
Authors: Ye Minheng , Wang Xin , Liu Enzuo , Ye Jinhua , Wang Defa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough they are widely used as cocatalysts in promoting photocatalysis, practical application of noble metals is limited by their high cost and rarity. Development of noble‐metal‐free cocatalysts is thus highly demanded. Herein titanium carbide (Ti3C2) MXene is shown to be a highly efficient noble‐metal‐free cocatalyst with commercial titania (P25) for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Surface alkalinization of Ti3C2 dramatically enhances the activity; the evolution rates of CO (11.74 μmol g−1 h−1) and CH4 (16.61 μmol g−1 h−1) are 3‐ and 277‐times higher than those of bare P25, respectively. The significantly enhanced activity is attributed to the superior electrical conductivity and charge‐carrier separation ability, as well as the abundant CO2 adsorption and activation sites of surface‐alkalinized Ti3C2 MXene, indicating its promise as a highly‐active noble‐metal‐free cocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction.