bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maps on Quantum States in -algebras Preserving von Neumann Entropy or Schatten -norm of Convex Combinations
Authors: Gaál Marcell 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVery recently, Karder and Petek completely described maps on density matrices (positive semidefinite matrices with unit trace) preserving certain entropy-like convex functionals of any convex combination. As a result, maps could be characterized that preserve von Neumann entropy or Schatten $p$-norm of any convex combination of quantum states (whose mathematical representatives are the density matrices). In this note we consider these latter two problems on the set of invertible density operators, in a much more general setting, on the set of positive invertible elements with unit trace in a $C^{\ast }$-algebra.
Algorithmic aspects of branched coverings I/V. Van Kampen’s theorem for bisets
Authors: Bartholdi Laurent , Dudko Dzmitry 
Published: March 2018

We develop a general theory of
bisets
: sets with two commuting group actions. They naturally encode topological correspondences.

Just as van Kampen’s theorem decomposes into a graph of groups the fundamental group of a space given with a cover, we prove analogously that the biset of a correspondence decomposes into a
graph of bisets
: a graph with bisets at its vertices, given with some natural maps. The
fundamental biset
of the graph of bisets recovers the original biset.

We apply these results to decompose the biset of a Thurston map (a branched selfcovering of the sphere whose critical points have finite orbits) into a graph of bisets. This graph closely parallels the theory of Hubbard trees.
This is the first part of a series of five articles, whose main goal is to prove algorithmic decidability of combinatorial equivalence of Thurston maps.
Simultaneous 6300 Å airglow and radar observations of ionospheric irregularities and dynamics at the geomagnetic equator
Authors: Hickey Dustin A. , Martinis Carlos R. , Mendillo Michael , Baumgardner Jeffrey , Wroten Joei , Milla Marco 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. In March 2014 an all-sky imager (ASI) was installed at the Jicamarca Radio
Observatory (11.95∘ S, 76.87∘ W; 0.3∘ S MLAT). We
present results of equatorial spread F (ESF) characteristics observed at
Jicamarca and at low latitudes. Optical 6300 and 7774 Å airglow
observations from the Jicamarca ASI are compared with other collocated
instruments and with ASIs at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8∘ S,
69.3∘ W; 19.8∘ S MLAT), and Villa de Leyva, Colombia
(5.6∘ N, 73.52∘ W; 16.4∘ N MLAT). We use Jicamarca
radar data, in incoherent and coherent modes, to obtain plasma parameters and
detect echoes from irregularities. We find that ESF depletions tend to appear
in groups with a group-to-group separation around 400–500 km and
within-group separation around 50–100 km. We combine data from the three
ASIs to investigate the conditions at Jicamarca that could lead to the
development of high-altitude, or topside, plumes. We compare zonal winds,
obtained from a Fabry–Pérot interferometer, with plasma drifts inferred
from the zonal motion of plasma depletions. In addition to the ESF studies we
also investigate the midnight temperature maximum and its effects at higher
latitudes, visible as a brightness wave at El Leoncito. The ASI at Jicamarca
along with collocated and low-latitude instruments provide a clear
two-dimensional view of spatial and temporal evolution of ionospheric
phenomena at equatorial and low latitudes that helps to explain the dynamics
and evolution of equatorial ionospheric/thermospheric processes. Keywords. Ionosphere (equatorial ionosphere; ionospheric irregularities; plasma temperature and density)
Seasonal variations of thermospheric mass density at dawn/dusk from GOCE observations
Authors: Weng Libin , Lei Jiuhou , Doornbos Eelco , Fang Hanxian , Dou Xiankang 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Thermospheric mass densities from the GOCE (Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer) satellite for Sun-synchronous orbits between 83.5∘ S and 83.5∘ N, normalized to 270 km during 2009–2013, have been used to develop an empirical mass density model at dawn/dusk local solar time (LST) sectors based on the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. The main results of this study are that (1) the dawn densities peak in the polar regions, but the dusk densities maximize in the equatorial regions; (2) the relative seasonal variations to the annual mean have similar patterns across all latitudes regardless of solar activity conditions; (3) the seasonal density variations show obvious hemispheric asymmetry, with large amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere; (4) both amplitude and phase of the seasonal variations have strong latitudinal and solar activity dependences, with high amplitude for the annual variation at higher latitudes and semiannual variation at lower latitudes; (5) the annual asymmetry and effect of the Sun–Earth distance vary with latitude and solar activity. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (pressure, density, and temperature)
Semi‐Global Output Feedback Tracking to Reference System with Input for a Benchmark Nonlinear System
Authors: He Shaomin , Ji Haibo , Yang Kaihong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we solve the output feedback semi‐global tracking problem of the nonlinear benchmark RTAC system, in which the reference signals are output trajectories of a simple control systems subject to some input. The introduction of the input enlarges the class of the reference signals that can be tracked. And the proposed solution covers the previous results of output feedback global tracking, namely the solution is still global when the input is zero. Finally, a simulation illustrates the effectiveness of our approach.
Das überarbeitete DBV‐Merkblatt „Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen“, Fassung Januar 2018
Authors: Fingerloos Frank , Meyer Lars , Bastert Heinrich 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDer Deutsche Beton‐ und Bautechnik‐Verein (DBV) hatte zur Planung und Ausführung von Parkbauten in Betonbauweise erstmalig 2005 ein Merkblatt „Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen“ herausgegeben. Darin wurden viele für den Bau von Parkbauten maßgebende Leitlinien, Empfehlungen und Hinweise zusammengefasst, die sich in der Praxis bis dahin bewährt hatten.Später erforderten neue Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf die Dauerhaftigkeit von Betonbauteilen in Parkbauten eine Neubewertung einiger Inhalte des Merkblatts, die zu einer Überarbeitung und zu einer 2. Ausgabe des DBV‐Merkblatts im Jahr 2010 geführt hatte.Weitere Praxiserfahrungen und Diskussionen in der Fachöffentlichkeit führten in den Folgejahren zu Vorschlägen für eine Anpassung der Regelungen zur Dauerhaftigkeit von Betonbauteilen in Parkbauten. Die Ergebnisse fanden u. a. auch Eingang in die A1‐Änderung des Nationalen Anhangs zur Bemessungsnorm im Betonbau Eurocode 2 vom Dezember 2015.Diese Änderungen erforderten die Aktualisierung einiger Inhalte des DBV‐Merkblatts „Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen“, die zu einer 3., überarbeiteten Ausgabe, Fassung Januar 2018, geführt haben. Dieser Beitrag erläutert die wesentlichen Empfehlungen und Änderungen zum Thema Dauerhaftigkeit von Betonbauteilen in Parkbauten aus der 3., überarbeiteten Ausgabe 2018 des DBV‐Merkblatts „Parkhäuser und Tiefgaragen“.Hinweis: Wesentliche Inhalte dieses Berichts wurden im Januar 2018 im Tagungshandbuch des 8. Kolloquiums Parkbauten der Technischen Akademie Esslingen veröffentlicht.
Sourcing overseas biomass for EU ambitions: assessing net sustainable export potential from various sourcing countries
Authors: Mai‐Moulin Thuy , Visser Lotte , Fingerman Kevin R. , Elbersen Wolter , Elbersen Berien , Nabuurs Gert‐Jan , Fritsche Uwe R. , Del Campo Colmenar Inés , Rutz Dominik , Diaz‐Chavez Rocio A. , Roozen Axel , Weck Mathijs , Iriarte Leire , Pelkmans Luc , Sanchez Gonzalez David , Janssen Rainer , Junginger Martin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLow‐cost sustainable biomass availability in the European Union may not be able to meet increasing demand; exploring the option of importing biomass is therefore imperative for the years to come. This article assesses sustainable biomass export potential from Brazil, Colombia, Indonesia, Kenya, Ukraine, and the United States by applying a number of sustainability criteria. Only biomass types with the highest potential are selected, to take advantage of economies of scale, e.g. pulpwood, wood waste, and residues in the United States, and agricultural residues in Ukraine. This study found that, except for the United States, pellet markets in the sourcing regions are largely undeveloped. The export potential depends strongly on pellet mill capacity and assumed growth rates in the pellet industry. Results show that the United States, Ukraine, Indonesia, and Brazil offer the highest biomass export potential. In the Business As Usual 2030 scenario, up to 204 PJ could potentially be mobilized; in the High Export scenario this could increase to 1423 PJ, with 89% of the potential being available for costs ranging from 6.4 to 15 €/GJ. These potentials meet the European Commission requirements for a 70% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions set in the Renewable Energy Directive. The total export potentials do not reflect the net possible import potentials to the European Union, as biomass could be imported to other countries where there is a demand for it, where less strict sustainability requirements are applied, and which are proximate to the sourcing regions, notably South Korea, Japan, and China. © 2018 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditional Akaike information under covariate shift with application to small area estimation
Authors: Kawakubo Yuki , Sugasawa Shonosuke , Kubokawa Tatsuya 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this study, we consider the problem of selecting explanatory variables of fixed effects in linear mixed models under covariate shift, which is when the values of covariates in the model for prediction differ from those in the model for observed data. We construct a variable selection criterion based on the conditional Akaike information introduced by Vaida & Blanchard (2005). We focus especially on covariate shift in small area estimation and demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed criterion. In addition, numerical performance is investigated through simulations, one of which is a design‐based simulation using a real dataset of land prices. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 46: 316–335; 2018 © 2018 Statistical Society of Canada
When “Good Evidence” Is Not Enough: A Case of Global Malaria Policy Development
Authors: D'Souza Bianca J. , Parkhurst Justin O. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper presents findings from a case study of two different policy development processes within the WHO's malaria department. By comparing the policy processes for the interventions of intermittent preventive treatment in infants versus children, the findings suggest that “good evidence” from a technical perspective, though important, is not sufficient to ensure universal agreement and uptake of recommendations. An analysis of 29 key informant interviews finds that evidence also needs to be relevant to the policy question being asked, and that expert actors retain a concern over the legitimacy of the process by which technical evidence is brought to bear in the policy development process. Previous findings from the field of sustainable development, that evidence must be credible, salient, and legitimate to be accepted by the public, appears to apply equally within scientific advisory committees. While the WHO has principally focused on technical criteria for evidence inclusion in its policy development processes, this study suggests that the design and functionality of its advisory bodies must also enable transparent, responsive, and accepted processes of evidence review to ensure that these bodies are effective in producing advice that engenders change in policy and practice.
Angiographic optical coherence tomography imaging of hemangiomas and port wine birthmarks
Authors: Waibel Jill S. , Holmes Jon , Rudnick Ashley , Woods Daniel , Kelly Kristen M. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesA current therapeutic challenge of vascular lesions is that they do not always respond effectively to laser treatment. Information on targeted vessels could potentially be used to guide laser treatments. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a useful tool for the non‐invasive imaging of tissues, including skin hemangiomas and port wine birthmarks. Dynamic OCT is able to rapidly characterize cutaneous blood vessels. The primary goal of this study was to demonstrate the ability of bedside OCT to image (i) overall vessel pattern; (ii) individual vessel morphology, diameter and depth; and (iii) total vessel density as a function of depth in infantile hemangiomas and port wine birthmarks (PWB).Materials and MethodsThis IRB approved, observational clinical trial was performed among healthy volunteers ages 3 months—73 years old. All patients presented for laser treatment of either infantile hemangiomas or PWB with skin types ranging from Fitzpatrick I–V. OCT imaging of 49 hemangioma and PWB scans were performed pre‐ and post‐treatment. The diameter and depth of the blood vessels making up the vascular lesions were measured. In addition, normal skin was scanned for comparison. Five datasets for infantile hemangiomas and five for PWB that were without motion artifacts were analyzed.ResultsScanned lesions exhibited variable and highly heterogeneous blood vessel patterns with vessel diameters ranging from 20 to 160 μm, suggesting that the laser treatment with single pulse durations may not be optimal. The largest blood vessel diameter observed (160 μm) may not be adequately treated by commonly used pulsed dye laser pulse durations.ConclusionOCT allowed rapid, non‐invasive characterization of the diameter and depth of blood vessels in individual vascular lesions. Imaged lesions consisted of a heterogeneous population of vessel sizes, morphologies, and depth. Future studies could utilize this information to assist development of individualized treatment protocols in an effort to improve vascular birthmark removal. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:718–726, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between the rs7583431 single nucleotide polymorphism close to the activating transcription factor 2 gene and the analgesic effect of fentanyl in the cold pain test
Authors: Aoki Yoshinori , Nishizawa Daisuke , Yoshida Kaori , Hasegawa Junko , Kasai Shinya , Takahashi Kaori , Koukita Yoshihiko , Ichinohe Tatsuya , Hayashida Masakazu , Fukuda Ken‐ichi , Ikeda Kazutaka 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundActivating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA binding proteins and is widely distributed in tissues. Several recent studies have demonstrated that this protein is involved in mechanisms that are related to pain and inflammation. However, unclear is whether polymorphisms of the ATF2 gene, which encodes the human ATF2 protein, influence pain or analgesic sensitivity. This study examined associations between the analgesic effect of fentanyl in the cold pressor‐induced pain test and polymorphisms in the ATF2 gene in 355 Japanese subjects.ResultsIn this study, 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected, and a total of 2 linkage disequilibrium blocks with 6 Tag SNPs (rs1153702, rs7583431, rs2302663, rs3845744, rs268214, and rs1982235) were observed in the region within and around the ATF2 gene. We further analyzed associations between these Tag SNPs and clinical data. Even after multiple testing with Bonferroni adjustments, an increase in the analgesic effect of fentanyl in the cold pressor‐induced pain test was significantly associated with a greater number of the A allele of the rs7583431 SNP (linear regression, P = .001).ConclusionsThe present findings may contribute to adequate pain relief in individual patients. Although more research on the genetic factors that influence opioid sensitivity is needed, analgesic requirements may be predicted by analyzing ATF2SNPs, together with other polymorphisms of genes that are reportedly associated with opioid sensitivity, such as CREB1, OPRM1, and GIRK2.
Safety profile of blind bronchial sampling—A prospective study in pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Sachdev Anil , Gupta Dhiren , Gupta Suresh 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo study the safety profile of blind bronchial sampling in mechanically ventilated children.DesignProspective interventional study.SettingTertiary level pediatric intensive care unit of a multispecialty hospital.PatientsChildren aged 1 month to 16 years on mechanical ventilator for ≥48 h, were assessed by clinical pulmonary infection score for ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP).InterventionsBlind bronchial sampling was performed following standard procedural guidelines. The hemodynamic, ventilation parameters, and arterial blood gases done before, and in next 24 h post procedure were recorded and compared.Measurements and Main ResultsAmong the 40 enrolled children, VAP was suspected at 5.8 ± 3.7 days post intubation with insignificant increase in median (IQR) PELOD score to 15 (11‐23) from 13.5 (11‐23) (P value 0.29). A statistically significant increase in mean blood pressure (75.5 ± 14.7 to 79.1 ± 14.2, P 0.04) and transient drop in SpO2 (98.2 ± 2.3 to 92.2 ± 9.2, P < 0.001) were noted with insignificant change in heart rate (128.7 ± 25.6 vs 132.0 ± 30.8, P 0.52), though these variations were clinically not significant. There were no major complications like significant airway bleed, arrhythmia, air leaks, edema, and change in pulmonary infiltrates during the procedure. There were no significant (either clinical or statistical) effects of BBS procedure, whether transient or prolonged, on ventilatory requirements or gas exchange parameters.ConclusionsBlind bronchial sampling is a safe procedure in children with no major adverse events related to hemodynamics, oxygenation, and ventilation parameters.
Model selection and error estimation without the agonizing pain
Authors: Oneto Luca 
Published: March 2018

How can we select the best performing data‐driven model? How can we rigorously estimate its generalization error? Statistical learning theory (SLT) answers these questions by deriving nonasymptotic bounds on the generalization error of a model or, in other words, by delivering upper bounding of the true error of the learned model based just on quantities computed on the available data. However, for a long time, SLT has been considered only as an abstract theoretical framework, useful for inspiring new learning approaches, but with limited applicability to practical problems. The purpose of this review is to give an intelligible overview of the problems of model selection (MS) and error estimation (EE), by focusing on the ideas behind the different SLT‐based approaches and simplifying most of the technical aspects with the purpose of making them more accessible and usable in practice. We start by presenting the seminal works of the 80s until the most recent results, then discuss open problems and finally outline future directions of this field of research.This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > Statistics
Functional mesoporous silica nanoparticles for bio‐imaging applications
Authors: Cha Bong Geun , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: March 2018

Biomedical investigations using mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have received significant attention because of their unique properties including controllable mesoporous structure, high specific surface area, large pore volume, and tunable particle size. These unique features make MSNs suitable for simultaneous diagnosis and therapy with unique advantages to encapsulate and load a variety of therapeutic agents, deliver these agents to the desired location, and release the drugs in a controlled manner. Among various clinical areas, nanomaterials‐based bio‐imaging techniques have advanced rapidly with the development of diverse functional nanoparticles. Due to the unique features of MSNs, an imaging agent supported by MSNs can be a promising system for developing targeted bio‐imaging contrast agents with high structural stability and enhanced functionality that enable imaging of various modalities. Here, we review the recent achievements on the development of functional MSNs for bio‐imaging applications, including optical imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), ultrasound imaging, and multimodal imaging for early diagnosis. With further improvement in noninvasive bio‐imaging techniques, the MSN‐supported imaging agent systems are expected to contribute to clinical applications in the future.This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Efficacy and safety of the compound Chinese medicine SaiLuoTong in vascular dementia: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jia Jianping , Wei Cuibai , Chen Shuoqi , Li Fangyu , Tang Yi , Qin Wei , Shi Lu , Gong Min , Xu Hui , Li Fang , He Jia , Song Haiqing , Yang Shanshan , Zhou Aihong , Wang Fen , Zuo Xiumei , Chu Changbiao , Liang Junhua , Jia Longfei , Gauthier Serge 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionNo licensed medications are available to treat vascular dementia (VaD).MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to experimental groups (SaiLuoTong [SLT] 360 or 240 mg for groups A and B for 52 weeks, respectively) or placebo group (SLT 360 mg and 240 mg for group C only from weeks 27 to 52, respectively).ResultsThree hundred twenty‐five patients were included in final analysis. At week 26, the difference in VaD Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale scores was 2.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.54 to 3.81) for groups A versus C, and 2.48 (1.34 to 3.62) for groups B versus C (both P < .0001). However, at week 52, no difference was observed among the groups on the VaD Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (P = .062) because of the emerging efficacy of SLT in placebo beginning at week 27.DiscussionThis study suggests that SLT is effective for treatment of VaD, and this compound Chinese medicine may represent a better choice to treat VaD.
Autism, Metacognition, and the Deep Self
Authors: STOUT NATHAN 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT:Many ‘deep self’ theories of moral responsibility characterize the deep self as necessarily requiring that an agent be able to reflect on her own cognitive states in various ways. In this paper, I argue that these metacognitive abilities are not actually a necessary feature of the deep self. In order to show this, I appeal to empirical evidence from research on autism spectrum disorders (ASD) that suggests that individuals with ASD have striking impairments in metacognitive abilities. I then argue that metacognitive conceptions of the deep self are implausible insofar as they fail to give a satisfactory account of the responsibility of persons with autism.
The Sources and Challenges of Norm Generation in Tort Law
Authors: LEE Maria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTort cases apply particular standards of behaviour to defendants and society, often using common-sense sounding benchmarks such as “reasonableness”. This article explores the ways in which courts establish facts, for the purpose of making a decision on appropriate standards of behaviour, by using sources of authority from the world beyond tort. Facts, rather than being separate from and prior to the application of the legal norms, are often inseparably bound with legal judgment in any particular decision. Two areas of tort law are assessed: some of the English asbestos cases, and the Dutch Urgenda climate change case. The facts required for the setting of, and compliance with, the standard of negligence in these cases are found in a range of external sources, including standards, rules and understandings from scientific bodies, regulators, legal and non-legal documents.