bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The unfolding of plant growth form‐defence syndromes along elevation gradients
Authors: Defossez Emmanuel , Pellissier Loïc , Rasmann Sergio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the functional economics that drives plant investment of resources requires investigating the interface between plant phenotypes and the variation in ecological conditions. While allocation to defence represents a large portion of the carbon budget, this axis is usually neglected in the study of plant economic spectrum. Using a novel geometrical approach, we analysed the co‐variation in a comprehensive set of functional traits related to plant growth strategies, as well as chemical defences against herbivores on all 15Cardaminespecies present in the Swiss Alps. By extracting geometrical information of the functional space, we observed clustering of plants into three main syndromes. Those different strategies of growth form and defence were also distributed within distinct elevational bands demonstrating an association between the functional space and the ecological conditions. We conclude that plant strategies converge into clear syndromes that trade off abiotic tolerance, growth and defence within each elevation zone.
Daphnia females adjust sex allocation in response to current sex ratio and density
Authors: Booksmythe Isobel , Gerber Nina , Ebert Dieter , Kokko Hanna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCyclical parthenogenesis presents an interesting challenge for the study of sex allocation, as individuals’ allocation decisions involve both the choice between sexual and asexual reproduction, and the choice between sons and daughters. Male production is therefore expected to depend on ecological and evolutionary drivers of overall investment in sex, and those influencing male reproductive value during sexual periods. We manipulated experimental populations, and made repeated observations of natural populations over their growing season, to disentangle effects of population density and the timing of sex from effects of adult sex ratio on sex allocation in cyclically parthenogenetic Daphnia magna. Male production increased with population density, the major ecological driver of sexual reproduction; however, this response was dampened when the population sex ratio was more male‐biased. Thus, in line with sex ratio theory, we show that D. magna adjust offspring sex allocation in response to the current population sex ratio.
Surgical treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa: an analysis of postoperative outcome, cosmetic results and quality of life in 255 patients
Authors: Kofler L. , Schweinzer K. , Heister M. , Kohler M. , Breuninger H. , Häfner H.‐M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with increasing incidence. Severe disease stages are seen as a therapeutic challenge and pose the threat of significant restrictions on patients' life quality.ObjectivesWe evaluated postoperative outcome after wide local excision for HS as well as postoperative course, cosmetic results, disease recurrence and quality of life.MethodsAll patients receiving radical surgical treatment for HS (Hurley III) between 2006 and 2015 were identified and received a letter‐based survey. They were asked about postoperative course, cosmetic results, recurrence and life quality.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty‐five patients (103 men, 152 women) answered the questionnaire. Ninety‐five percentage of patients reported disease‐specific restrictions on everyday life. Seventy‐five percentage of patients did not experience any postoperative adverse events; however, postoperative pain with need for analgesics was reported in 38%. The majority of patients (80%) were very satisfied or satisfied after surgery, and 85% of patients would recommend surgery to other affected persons.LimitationsThe retrospective design of the study was a limitation.ConclusionsThe well‐known negative psychological and social effects are a relevant part of HS and emphasize the importance of immediate therapy. As long‐lasting local disease‐control can be achieved, surgery should be considered as first‐line therapy.
The BPSC: A prospective study investigating the clinical effect of interventional therapy and the risk factors for bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia in Chinese population
Authors: Zeng Xian‐Tao , Liu Tong‐Zu , Gong Kan , He Da‐Lin , Wang Xing‐Huan ,   on behalf of BPSC investigators
Published: February 2018

AbstractBladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia have been two very common diseases among the elderly men, especially with the aging of the population in the world. We have designed a study to investigate the clinical effect of interventional therapy for plasmakinetic resection of the prostate and plasmakinetic resection of the bladder, which is called “BPSC” (The bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia study in Chinese population). The BPSC is not only a specific study, it is made up of many studies. In this article, we introduced the research background, source, name, study framework, study management and further direction of BPSC project. We hope this process will contribute to the growth of the database through sharing data and enriching the evidence of bladder cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia in the Chinese population, thereby finally improving the accessibility of these important findings for doctors, researchers, and patients.
Pathomechanisms of TDP‐43 in neurodegeneration
Authors: Gao Ju , Wang Luwen , Huntley Mikayla L. , Perry George , Wang Xinglong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractNeurodegeneration, a term that refers to the progressive loss of structure and function of neurons, is a feature of many neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). There is no cure or treatment available that can prevent or reverse neurodegenerative conditions. The causes of neurodegeneration in these diseases remain largely unknown; yet, an extremely small proportion of these devastating diseases are associated with genetic mutations in proteins involved in a wide range of cellular pathways and processes. Over the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that the most notable neurodegenerative diseases, such as ALS, FTLD, and AD, share a common prominent pathological feature known as TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) proteinopathy, which is usually characterized by the presence of aberrant phosphorylation, ubiquitination, cleavage and/or nuclear depletion of TDP‐43 in neurons and glial cells. The role of TDP‐43 as a neurotoxicity trigger has been well documented in different in vitro and in vivo experimental models. As such, the investigation of TDP‐43 pathomechanisms in various major neurodegenerative diseases is on the rise. Here, after a discussion of stages of TDP‐43 proteinopathy during disease progression in various major neurodegenerative diseases, we review previous and most recent studies about the potential pathomechanisms with a particular emphasis on ALS, FTLD, and AD, and discuss the possibility of targeting TDP‐43 as a common therapeutic approach to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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On Social Preferences and the Intensity of Risk Aversion
Authors: Stark Oded 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe study the relative risk aversion of an individual with particular social preferences: his wellbeing is influenced by his relative wealth, and by how concerned he is about having low relative wealth. Holding constant the individual's absolute wealth, we obtain two results. First, if the individual's level of concern about low relative wealth does not change, the individual becomes more risk averse when he rises in the wealth hierarchy. Second, if the individual's level of concern about low relative wealth intensifies when he rises in the wealth hierarchy and if, in precise sense, this intensification is strong enough, then the individual becomes less risk averse: the individual's desire to advance further in the wealth hierarchy is more important to him than possibly missing out on a better rank.
One Myth of the Classical Natural Law Theory: Reflecting on the “Thin” View of Legal Positivism
Authors: Rodriguez‐Blanco Veronica , Zambrano Pilar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMuch controversy has emerged on the demarcation between legal positivism and non‐legal positivism with some authors calling for a ban on the ‐as they see it‐ nonsensical labelling of legal philosophical debates. We agree with these critics; simplistic labelling cannot replace the work of sophisticated and sound argumentation. In this paper we do not use the term ‘legal positivism’ as a simplistic label but identify a specific position which we consider to be the most appealing and plausible view on legal positivism. This is the view advocated by Gardner in his paper 'Legal Positivism: 5½ Myths’ (Gardner , 199), where he carefully scrutinises the most convincing and unifying postulates of legal positivism, which he calls “the thin view”. The study shows that this thin view presupposes an empirical conception of action that is untenable and implausible since it makes acts of engagement with the law unintelligible to an observer of such acts.
Markups of Exporters and Importers: Evidence from Hungary
Authors: Hornok Cecília , Muraközy Balázs 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study the relationship between different proxies of firm‐level markups and trade status, using balance sheet information linked to detailed trade data from Hungary between 1995 and 2003. We find that importing is strongly positively correlated with markup measures, both across and within firms. We argue that this correlation can reflect three channels: self‐selection, higher physical productivity resulting from access to a larger variety of inputs, and quality upgrading based on high‐quality imported intermediate inputs. We present evidence for the relevance of the third channel by showing that importers’ markup premium is higher when inputs arrive from developed countries, and that importing is correlated with higher‐quality (price‐adjusted revenue) exports. We find no robust evidence for exporter premium when controlling for importing. We argue that the non‐existent exporter premium might result from the stronger competition in export markets relative to domestic markets.
Design thinking in integrated STEAM learning: Surveying the landscape and exploring exemplars in elementary grades
Authors: Cook Kristin L. , Bush Sarah B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractComplementing the aims of problem‐based inquiry, a pedagogical approach called design thinking (DT) has students grapple with issues that require a creative redefinition and reimagining of solutions akin to professional skills of designers, who consider conflicting priorities and complex negotiations to arrive at a solution to an ill‐defined problem. This article aims to synthesize the limited existing literature on the use of DT in the K–12 classroom, share two exemplars of DT in action in Grades 3–5 so that science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) educators, teacher educators, researchers, and other stakeholders can visualize how it can take shape in the elementary classroom, followed by concluding remarks on DT. The DT framework provides an exciting avenue for teaching more than simply the content areas of STEAM, it provides a vehicle through which a true transdisciplinary learning experience can occur—where students are passionately invested in solving problems as they strive to make the world a better place.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Smith Robert 
Published: February 2018

Journal of Education and Training Studies (JETS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JETS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 6, Number 3 Arlene Kent-Wilkinson, University of Saskatchewan, CanadaCarole Fern Todhunter, The University of Nottingham, UKChosang Tendhar, Long Island University (LIU), USAEnisa Mede, Bahcesehir University, TurkeyJohn Cowan, Edinburgh Napier University, UKJon S. Turner, Missouri State University, USAKun-Hsi Liao, Taiwan Shoufu University, TaiwanLaima Kyburiene, Kaunas University of Applied Sciences, LithuaniaLaura Bruno, The College of New Jersey, USALorna T. Enerva, Polytechnic University of the Philippines, PhilippinesMan-fung Lo, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong KongMaria Pavlis Korres, Hellenic Open University, GreeceMassimiliano Barattucci, Ecampus University, ItalyMatthews Tiwaone Mkandawire, Central China Normal University, MalawiMeral Seker, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, TurkeyRichard H. Martin, Mercer University, USASelloane Pitikoe, University of Kwazulu-Natal, South AfricaSenem Seda Şahenk Erkan, Marmara University, TurkeySimona Savelli, Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, ItalyStamatis Papadakis, University of Crete, GreeceYalçın Dilekli, Aksaray University, TurkeyYavuz Değirmenci, Bayburt University, Turkey Robert SmithEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Education and Training StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://jets.redfame.com
The Effect of 1 Week of a Multi-ingredient Dietary Preworkout Supplement on Resting and Postacute Resistance Exercise Vascular Function
Authors: Robinson Austin T. , Mazzuco Adriana , Sabbahi Ahmad S. , Borghi-Silva Audrey , Phillips Shane A. 
Published: February 2018

Dietary preworkout supplements are popular among recreational exercisers and athletes. However, the effects of these supplements on the vasculature, both at rest and during exercise, are not well studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 1 week of supplementation with a multi-ingredient dietary preworkout supplement on measures of vascular function at rest and immediately following acute resistance exercise in young, recreationally active adults. Twelve participants (9 males and 3 females; mean ± SD: age = 24.5 ± 3.4 years and body mass index = 24.3 ± 4.7 kg/m2) completed this double-blind, randomized, crossover design study. After familiarization, participants were randomized to either a taste-matched placebo or the preworkout supplement for 1 week preceding the testing visits. Participants underwent measures of vascular function, including brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, measures of central and peripheral blood pressure, and measures of arterial stiffness via pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity. All measures were taken at rest and immediately following an acute bilateral leg press exercise session. Resting and postacute exercise flow-mediated dilation, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness were similar between the placebo and the preworkout supplement visits. One week of multi-ingredient preworkout supplementation does not affect vascular function at rest or in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise in young, healthy, recreationally active individuals.
The Influence of Life Events and Psychological Stress on Objectively Measured Physical Activity: A 12-Month Longitudinal Study
Authors: Paluch Amanda E. , Shook Robin P. , Hand Gregory A. , O’Connor Daniel P. , Wilcox Sara , Drenowatz Clemens , Baruth Meghan , Burgess Stephanie , Blair Steven N. 
Published: February 2018

Background: This study examined how life event occurrences and stressfulness influence objectively measured light through vigorous physical activity (PA) among young adults. Methods: Every 3 months over a 12-month period, 404 healthy young adults completed questionnaires on the occurrence and stress of 16 life events and wore an accelerometer for 10 days. Results: A modest positive relationship was seen between cumulative life event occurrences [between effect: β = 22.2 (9.7) min/d, P = .02] and cumulative stress [between effect: β = 7.6 (2.9) min/d, P = .01] with light through vigorous PA among men. When considering events individually, job change, starting a first job, beginning a mortgage, and changes in a relationship influenced men’s PA. For women, mortgage, starting a first job, job change, and engagement had significant associations. Life event stressfulness influenced PA in women more than in men. For men, stress from changes in a relationship or job positively influenced PA. Stress of a mortgage, quitting a job, changing jobs or a first job influenced women’s PA. Conclusion: Considering each life event individually was more informative than the summation of life events or summation of stress. Specific life events substantially altered PA, and this change varied by gender, direction of association, and PA intensity and duration.
Regional Socioeconomic Inequalities in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Brazilian Adolescents
Authors: Werneck André O. , Oyeyemi Adewale L. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Romanzini Marcelo , Ronque Enio R.V. , Cyrino Edilson S. , Sardinha Luís B. , Silva Danilo R. 
Published: February 2018

Background: This study aims to describe the regional prevalence and patterns of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior among Brazilian adolescents. Methods: Data from the Brazilian Scholar Health Survey, a nationally representative survey of ninth-grade adolescents [mean age: 14.29 y (14.27–14.29)] conducted in 2015 (n = 101,445), were used. Outcomes were television viewing, sitting time (ST), total PA, and active traveling collected via self-administered questionnaire. Information on frequency of physical education classes and type of school was collected from the school’s director. Frequencies with 95% confidence intervals were used to determine the prevalence and patterns of outcomes. Results: Higher prevalence of PA (≥300 min/wk) and ST (>4 h/d) was found in Midwest (PA = 38.0%; ST = 44.5%), South (PA = 37.6%; ST = 50.1%), and Southeast (PA = 36.1%; ST = 49.3%) compared with Northeast (PA = 29.7%; ST = 36.9%) and North (PA = 34.4%; ST = 34.8%) regions of Brazil. ST was higher among adolescents from private schools (51.5%) than public schools (42.9%), whereas active traveling was greater among students of public schools than private schools (62.0% vs 34.4%). Most inequalities in outcomes between capital and interior cities were in the poorest regions. Conclusions: The results indicate that national plans targeting regional inequalities are needed to improve PA and to reduce sedentary behavior among Brazilian adolescents.
Ventilatory Responses During Submaximal Exercise in Children With Prader–Willi Syndrome
Authors: Hyde Adam M. , McMurray Robert G. , Chavoya Frank A. , Rubin Daniela A. 
Published: February 2018

Purpose: Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic neurobehavioral disorder presenting hypothalamic dysfunction and adiposity. At rest, PWS exhibits hypoventilation with hypercapnia. We characterized ventilatory responses in children with PWS during exercise. Methods: Participants were children aged 7–12 years with PWS (n = 8) and without PWS with normal weight (NW; n = 9, body mass index ≤ 85th percentile) or obesity (n = 9, body mass index ≥ 95th percentile). Participants completed three 5-minute ambulatory bouts at 3.2, 4.0, and 4.8 km/h. Oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output, ventilation, breathing frequency, and tidal volume were recorded. Results: PWS had slightly higher oxygen uptake (L/min) at 3.2 km/h [0.65 (0.46–1.01) vs 0.49 (0.34–0.83)] and at 4.8 km/h [0.89 (0.62–1.20) vs 0.63 (0.45–0.97)] than NW. PWS had higher ventilation (L/min) at 3.2 km/h [16.2 (13.0–26.5) vs 11.5 (8.4–17.5)], at 4.0 km/h [16.4 (13.9–27.9) vs 12.7 (10.3–19.5)], and at 4.8 km/h [19.7 (17.4–31.8) vs 15.2 (9.5–21.6)] than NW. PWS had greater breathing frequency (breaths/min) at 3.2 km/h [38 (29–53) vs 29 (22–35)], at 4.0 km/h [39 (29–58) vs 29 (23–39)], and at 4.8 km/h [39 (33–58) vs 32 (23–42)], but similar tidal volume and ventilation/carbon dioxide output to NW. Conclusion: PWS did not show impaired ventilatory responses to exercise. Hyperventilation in PWS may relate to excessive neural stimulation and metabolic cost.
Virulent Poxviruses Inhibit DNA Sensing by Preventing STING Activation
Authors: Georgana Iliana , Sumner Rebecca P. , Towers Greg J. , Maluquer de Motes Carlos 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Cytosolic recognition of DNA has emerged as a critical cellular mechanism of host immune activation upon pathogen invasion. The central cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS activates STING, which is phosphorylated, dimerizes and translocates from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to a perinuclear region to mediate IRF-3 activation. Poxviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses replicating in the cytosol and hence likely to trigger cytosolic DNA sensing. Here, we investigated the activation of innate immune signaling by 4 different strains of the prototypic poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) in a cell line proficient in DNA sensing. Infection with the attenuated VACV strain MVA activated IRF-3 via cGAS and STING, and accordingly STING dimerized and was phosphorylated during MVA infection. Conversely, VACV strains Copenhagen and Western Reserve inhibited STING dimerization and phosphorylation during infection and in response to transfected DNA and cyclic GMP-AMP, thus efficiently suppressing DNA sensing and IRF-3 activation. A VACV deletion mutant lacking protein C16, thought to be the only viral DNA sensing inhibitor acting upstream of STING, retained the ability to block STING activation. Similar inhibition of DNA-induced STING activation was also observed for cowpox and ectromelia viruses. Our data demonstrate that virulent poxviruses possess mechanisms for targeting DNA sensing at the level of the cGAS-STING axis and that these mechanisms do not operate in replication-defective strains such as MVA. These findings shed light on the role of cellular DNA sensing in poxvirus-host interactions and will open new avenues to determine its impact on VACV immunogenicity and virulence.

IMPORTANCE
Poxviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses infecting a wide range of vertebrates and include the causative agent of smallpox (variola virus) and its vaccine vaccinia virus (VACV). Despite smallpox eradication VACV remains of interest as a therapeutic. Attenuated strains are popular vaccine candidates, whereas replication-competent strains are emerging as efficient oncolytics in virotherapy. The successful therapeutic use of VACV depends on a detailed understanding of its ability to modulate host innate immune responses. DNA sensing is a critical cellular mechanism for pathogen detection and activation of innate immunity that is centrally coordinated by the endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein STING. Here, STING is shown to mediate immune activation in response to MVA, but not in response to virulent VACV strains or other virulent poxviruses, which prevent STING activation and DNA sensing during infection and after DNA transfection. These results provide new insights into poxvirus immune evasion and have implications in the rational design of VACV-based therapeutics.