bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Green and Fermented Rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) in Dermal Wound Healing
Authors: Pringle Nadine , Koekemoer Trevor , Holzer Andrea , Young Carly , Venables Luanne , van de Venter Maryna 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe process of wound healing constitutes an ordered sequence of events that provides numerous opportunities for therapeutic intervention to improve wound repair. Rooibos, Aspalathus linearis, is a popular ingredient in skin care products, however, little scientific data exists exploring its therapeutic potential. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of fermented and aspalathin-enriched green rooibos in various in vitro models representative of dermal wound healing. Treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with fermented rooibos resulted in increased nitric oxide production as well as increased levels of cellular inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, which are typical markers for classically activated macrophages. In contrast, the green extract was devoid of such activity. Using glycated gelatin as a model to mimic diabetic wounds, only the green extract showed potential to reduce cyclooxygenase-2 levels. Considering the role of reactive oxygen species in wound healing, the effects of rooibos on oxidative stress and cell death in human dermal fibroblasts was evaluated. Both fermented and green rooibos decreased cellular reactive oxygen species and attenuated apoptotic/necrotic cell death. Our findings highlight several properties that support the therapeutic potential of rooibos, and demonstrate that green and fermented rooibos present distinctly different properties with regards to their application in wound healing. The proinflammatory nature of fermented rooibos may have therapeutic value for wounds characterised with a delayed initial inflammatory phase, such as early diabetic wounds. The green extract is more suited to wounds burdened with excessive inflammation as it attenuated cyclooxygenase-2 levels and effectively protected fibroblasts against oxidative stress.
Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Caused by Vascular Compression of the Brachial Plexus: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Hanna Amgad , Bodden Larry , Siebiger Gabriel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is caused by compression of the brachial plexus and/or subclavian vessels as they pass through the cervicothoracobrachial region, exiting the chest. There are three main types of TOS: neurogenic TOS, arterial TOS, and venous TOS. Neurogenic TOS accounts for approximately 95% of all cases, and it is usually caused by physical trauma (posttraumatic etiology), chronic repetitive motion (functional etiology), or bone or muscle anomalies (congenital etiology). We present two cases in which neurogenic TOS was elicited by vascular compression of the inferior portion of the brachial plexus.
Cerebral Metastasis as First Systemic Event in a Patient with Prostate Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Reinas Rui , Costa Pedro , Baggen Santos Raul , Kitumba Djamel , Furtado Antónia , Espiridião Paulo , Baptista António , Silva Luís , Alves Óscar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractProstate adenocarcinoma (PAC) is the second most common malignant tumor in men, and it is usually diagnosed because of its symptoms and/or because of an increase in the value of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in asymptomatic patients. The lymph nodes and the bones are the most common sites in which metastases occur, while the brain is a rare site, with metastases occurring in < 2% of the cases, and usually only after the aforementioned sites have been affected. Considering the brain as the only site where a metastasis can occur, the incidence is of 0.15%. We present the case of a 63-year-old male diagnosed with PAC, with a Gleason score of 7 (3+4), who underwent radiotherapy and anti-hormonal therapy in 2012. After biochemical recurrence early in 2015 (PSA: 8 ng/mL), he was re-staged, and the bone and node metastases were excluded. The patient then resumed the hormone therapy with bicalutamide. He was admitted in August 2015 to the emergency department of our institution with headache and behavioral changes. The imaging study revealed a single right temporo-parieto-occipital lesion, which was then resected. The histological analysis confirmed it to be a PAC brain metastasis. The patient went through a cycle of brain radiotherapy, and evolved favorably after one year of follow-up.
Minimally Invasive versus Conventional LVAD-Implantation—An Analysis of the Literature
Authors: Wachter Kristina , Franke Ulrich , Rustenbach Christian , Baumbach Hardy 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis review aims to provide an overview on recent data to evaluate minimally invasive (MVAD) and conventional (CVAD) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted up to April 2017. A total of 183 studies were identified; 13 studies met inclusion criteria. The review revealed a trend toward a lower rate of transfusion, and shorter time for cardiopulmonary bypass, as well as a lower 30-day mortality rate for MVAD. This review indicates that there are possible benefits of minimally invasive LVAD implantation, even though the state of literature is poor.
Distal Femoral Physeal Fractures
Authors: Young Ernest , Stans Anthony 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPhyseal fractures of the distal femoral are rare injuries accounting for less than 2% of all physeal injuries, and tend to have a worse prognosis than similar injuries in other locations. This article reviews the evaluation (including imaging), classification, and treatment of these injuries, and discusses their most important complications and their management, including vascular injury and growth arrest.
Trends in Knee Articular Cartilage Treatments: An American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Database Study
Authors: Westermann Robert , Shamrock Alan , Duchman Kyle , Wolf Brian , Amendola Annunziato , Hancock Kyle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the trends in treatment of knee articular cartilage lesions over the past decade using data obtained from the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) Part II database. The ABOS Part II database was queried from 2004 to 2013 for chondroplasty, microfracture, and osteochondral grafting procedures. All cases were analyzed for patient age and operating surgeon's fellowship training status. Univariate analysis including chi-square test for categorical variables and Student's t-test for continuous variables was performed to determine if any significant changes in practice patterns were present. Linear regression analyses were utilized to examine temporal trends in procedures performed and fellowship training status. From 2004 to 2013, 25,938 procedures addressing articular cartilage lesions from 3,586 surgeons were identified in the ABOS database. 46.8% of these orthopaedic surgeons had completed a 1-year sports medicine fellowship. Sixty-six percent of cartilage surgeries were performed by sports medicine-trained surgeons. The articular cartilage surgical volume decreased from 3,126 cases in 2004 to 1,690 cases in 2013. The most common procedure coded overall was chondroplasty (80.23%) followed by microfracture (21.37%) and osteochondral grafting (2.1%). The mean age of patients undergoing chondroplasty was 46.9 years; this was significantly higher than microfracture (mean age 40.5 years) or osteochondral grafting procedures (mean age 31.6 years), p < 0.0005. The age of all patients undergoing cartilage surgery significantly decreased between 2004 and 2013, p < 0.001. A dramatic decrease in reported chondroplasty volume was observed between 2011 and 2012. Concurrent osteotomies were used in <1% of procedures addressing cartilage injuries, while 65% of patients underwent concurrent meniscectomy. These described trends are most pronounced in surgeons with sports medicine fellowship training. In conclusion, knee articular cartilage surgical volume and patient age have both sharply declined since 2011, a trend driven by sports medicine-trained Part II examinees. This trend correlates with changes in billing and coding practices, as well as improved education from high-level studies.
Recruiting the Digital-Age Applicant: The Impact of Ophthalmology Residency Program Web Presence on Residency Recruitment
Authors: Goerlitz-Jessen Mark , Behunin Nicholas , Montijo Maria , Wilkinson Michael 
Published: February 2018

Background The phenomenon of internet dependence has changed the way the rising generation seeks information. This mentality has caused medical students to turn to online resources as they seek information about potential residency training programs. Residency program web presence (PWP) is increasingly important, and may even impact recruitment efforts. Improvement of PWP could enhance programs' recruitment of ideal candidates.
Objectives The purpose of this study is to assess how ophthalmology residency PWP is impacting the residency recruitment process by understanding how it influences applicants' application and rank list choices as well as to identify the contributing factors.
Methods Applicants applying for ophthalmology residency training at Penn State University during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 application cycles were surveyed using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap). Surveys sought applicants' perspectives with respect to their experiences with PWP and how those experiences shaped their application and rank list decisions.
Results Of 860 applicants, 214 (24.9%) responded, accounting for 17.4% (214/1,228) of all ophthalmology residency applicants during the respective cycles; 72.4% of respondents expressed PWP does impact where they apply, how they form their rank list, or both; 93.4% said websites are an important resource during the application process; 47.2% conveyed interest in programs utilizing social media tools; and 76.5% of respondents felt websites gave sufficient information less than 50% of the time.
Conclusion Ophthalmology PWP does impact resident recruitment. By enhancing program websites and adding social media tools, programs can improve recruitment efforts.
Depressionen und Lebererkrankungen: Die Rolle von Mikrobiom und Inflammation
Authors: Kahl Kai G. , Krüger Tillmann , Eckermann Gabriel , Wedemeyer Heiner 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungZwischen Depressionen und Lebererkrankungen besteht ein e nger Zusammenhang. Jeder dritte Leberzirrhosepatient und jeder dritte Hepatitispatient ist depressiv. Andererseits entwickelt jeder dritte Patient mit Depressionen im Verlauf seines Lebens eine Alkoholerkrankung, in deren Folge Lebererkrankungen auftreten können. Ein entscheidendes Bindeglied zwischen Lebererkrankungen und Depressionen sind Entzündungsprozesse. Das systemische inflammatorische Milieu ist bei vielen Lebererkrankungen verändert. Außerdem scheint das Mikrobiom und eine erhöhte intestinale Permeabilität des Darms eine große Bedeutung zu haben. Sowohl Depressionen als auch Lebererkrankungen, Alkoholkonsum, Stress und Altersprozesse verschieben das empfindliche Gleichgewicht der Darmmikrobiota und resultieren in einer erhöhten intestinalen Permeabilität. Bakterien und ihre Metabolite wie das Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharid können so in die Blutzirkulation gelangen und sowohl in der Leber als auch im Gehirn über eine Zytokinkaskade Entzündungen auslösen, die wiederum zu Leberveränderungen sowie zu Depressionen, Adipositas und metabolischem Syndrom führen. Daher sollten bei depressiven Erkrankungen Leberentzündungswerte wie auch Marker für die Lebersynthese und Leberentgiftungsfunktion regelmäßig kontrolliert werden. Umgekehrt sollte bei Patienten mit Lebererkrankungen verstärkt auf depressive Symptome geachtet werden, die eine differentielle Therapie unter Berücksichtigung des Stadiums der Lebererkrankung erfordern.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) vs. argon plasma coagulation (APC) for the management of gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) in patients with and without cirrhosis: results from a retrospective analysis of a large cohort of patients treated at a single center
Authors: St Romain Paul , Boyd Amanda , Zheng Jiayin , Chow Shein-Chung , Burbridge Rebecca , Wild Daniel 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Introduction and study aims Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is a mucosal abnormality associated with multiple conditions, most notably cirrhosis and systemic sclerosis, that causes indolent gastrointestinal bleeding. It is primarily managed with endoscopic therapy. Traditionally, GAVE is endoscopically ablated using argon plasma coagulation (APC) but radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is emerging as an alternative modality. No prior comparison of the 2 modalities has been published. We retrospectively compared the effects of GAVE ablation with either RFA, APC or both in the largest cohort of patients thus far presented. We also attempt to discern what effect concomitant cirrhosis has on response to treatment.
Patients and methods After receiving IRB approval, we reviewed our electronic health records to identify all patients who underwent endoscopic evaluation for GAVE between January, 2011 and October, 2016. We compared important variables between APC and RFA, as well as between cirrhosis and non-cirrhosis, using the Chi-square test and the Wilcoxon two-sample test as appropriate.
Results During our study period, 81 patients were endoscopically evaluated for GAVE. 24 patients were treated with APC alone, 28 with RFA alone and 25 patients received both treatment modalities. APC-treated patients underwent a mean of 2.4 treatment sessions with a mean of 205 days between treatments. RFA-treated patients underwent a mean of 2.3 treatment sessions with a mean of 100 days between treatments. Hemoglobin values remained stable or increased in all patients during our study period and there were no significant differences in Hgb trend between those treated with APC and those with RFA.
Conclusions RFA and APC were both effective in treating bleeding from GAVE. Though we found subtle differences, patients underwent a similar number of treatment sessions and had similar procedure times and a similar time between sessions no matter the treatment modality used.
Endoscopic necrosectomy of walled-off pancreatic necrosis by large-bore percutaneus metal stent: a new opportunity?
Authors: Tringali Andrea , Vadalà di Prampero Salvatore , Bove Vincenzo , Perri Vincenzo , La Greca Antonio , Pepe Gilda , Cozza Valerio , Costamagna Guido 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic drainage of walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WOPN) is feasible when contact with the gastric or duodenal wall is present; when WOPN cannot be accessed endoscopically, a percutaneous approach can be considered. Percutaneous use of esophageal self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) to establish access to a WOPN cavity was evaluated.
Aortenstenose mit niedrigem Gradienten: Wann ist die Stenose tatsächlich schwer und wer profitiert vom Klappenersatz?
Authors: Minners Jan , Jander Nikolaus 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Aortenstenose mit niedrigem Druckgradienten bezeichnet eine Konstellation, bei der in der echokardiografischen Basisdiagnostik eine Aortenöffnungsfläche (AÖF) < 1,0 cm² und ein mittlerer Druckgradient ≤ 40 mmHg gefunden werden und der Schweregrad somit nicht sicher eingeordnet werden kann. Die neuen Leitlinien und echokardiografischen Empfehlungen stellen erstmals den Schlagvolumenindex (SVI) ins Zentrum der weiteren Differenzierung. Der SVI dient der Entdeckung einer – nicht immer auf den ersten Blick erkennbaren – Pumpfunktionsstörung, die einen relativ niedrigen Druckgradienten bei schwerer Aortenstenose erklären könnte. Die echokardiografische Bestimmung des SVI ist allerdings fehleranfällig und stützt sich auf Parameter, die auch schon für die Bestimmung der AÖF verwendet werden. Deshalb müssen diese Messungen sorgfältig überprüft und der Befund einer hochgradigen Aortenstenose bei erniedrigtem SVI durch Zusatzuntersuchungen bekräftigt werden. Bestätigt sich der Befund einer schweren Stenose, ist auch bei niedrigem Druckgradienten in symptomatischen Patienten – sowohl bei erhaltener als auch reduzierter Ejektionsfraktion – ein Klappenersatz indiziert. Bei Aortenstenose mit niedrigem Druckgradienten und normalem SVI liegt hingegen keine hochgradige Stenose vor und rechtfertigt eine weitere konservative Therapie.
Sekundäre Mitralinsuffizienz: Was kann man durch Intervention oder Operation erreichen?
Authors: Körber Maria , Rudolph Volker 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDie sekundäre Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (MI) ist eine prognostisch bedeutsame Erkrankung, die häufig bei Patienten mit ischämischer und nicht ischämischer Herzinsuffizienz auftritt. Bisher konnte für die invasive Therapie der sekundären MI kein Überlebensvorteil in kontrollierten Studien nachgewiesen werden und der Grundstein der Therapie ist die leitliniengerechte Herzinsuffizienzbehandlung. Die Empfehlungen zur invasiven Therapie der aktuellen ESC-Guidelines basieren daher vorrangig auf Expertenmeinung sowie auch auf Daten aus Beobachtungsstudien und Registern. Randomisierte Studien fehlen noch. Aufgrund der mittlerweile ausgedehnten Erfahrung mit der interventionellen Therapie mittels MitraClip und deren niedrigem Risiko wurde diese Therapie im Vergleich zu den vorigen Leitlinien aufgewertet und wird aktuell bei Patienten mit nicht niedrigem Operationsrisiko und fehlender Option zur Revaskularisation als Therapieoption angesehen.
Direct observations of rock moisture, a hidden component of the hydrologic cycle
Authors: Rempe Daniella M. , Dietrich William E. 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceSoil moisture has long been recognized as a key component of the hydrologic cycle. Here, we quantify significant exchangeable water held in weathered bedrock, beneath the soil, that regulates plant-available water and streamflow. We refer to this as rock moisture—a term parallel to soil moisture, but applied to different material. Deep weathered bedrock capable of storing plant-available moisture is common, yet this reservoir of rock moisture—distinct from soil and groundwater—is essentially unquantified. At our study site, the volume of rock moisture exceeds soil moisture and is a critical and stable source of water to plants in drought years. Our observations indicate that rock moisture now needs to be incorporated into hydrologic and climate models.
Isovaleronitrile co-induced with its precursor, l-leucine, by herbivory in the common evening primrose stimulates foraging behavior of the predatory blue shield bug
Authors: Noge Koji , Tamogami Shigeru 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Herbivore-induced plant volatiles play important roles in plant–insect and plant–plant interactions. The common evening primrose, Oenothera biennis, is often infested by the flea beetle, Altica oleracea, on which the predatory blue shield bug, Zicrona caerulea, is usually found. This observation suggests that the predatory bug can discriminate infested plants from intact ones to locate its prey. In this study, l-leucine-derived nitrogen-containing compounds [isovaleronitrile (3-methylbutanenitrile), (E/Z)-isovaleraldoxime and 3-methyl-1-nitrobutane] and some terpenes were identified as a characteristic volatile blend from herbivore-infested O. biennis leaves by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, chemical synthesis, and incorporation assays using deuterium-labeled l-leucine. Volatile emission was also elicited by exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA), but not by mechanical damage. l-Leucine accumulated temporarily in O. biennis leaves after MeJA treatment prior to isovaleronitrile emission. Behavioral assays revealed that Z. caerulea showed a strong preference for herbivore-infested leaves, their volatiles, and isovaleronitrile in laboratory conditions.
Preexposure Prophylaxis Initiation and Retention in Care Over 5 Years, 2012–2017: Are Quarterly Visits Too Much?
Authors: Rusie Laura K , Orengo Carlos , Burrell Diane , Ramachandran Arthi , Houlberg Magda , Keglovitz Kristin , Munar David , Schneider John A 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Retention in preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care is critical to elimination of human immunodeficiency virus. We reviewed all Howard Brown Health patients receiving PrEP (n = 5583) from 2012 to 2017. Among those with 12 months of follow-up, 43% remained in care, yet only 15% had all 4 quarters with a PrEP visit. Insurance status and comorbid conditions were drivers of retention in care.
Major Impact of Sampling Methodology on Gene Expression in Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Gao Qiong , López-Knowles Elena , U Cheang Maggie Chon , Morden James , Ribas Ricardo , Sidhu Kally , Evans David , Martins Vera , Dodson Andrew , Skene Anthony , Holcombe Chris , Mallon Elizabeth , Evans Abigail , Bliss Judith M , Robertson John , Smith Ian , Martin Lesley-Ann , Dowsett Mitch ,   POETIC Trial Management Group and Trialists
Published: February 2018

Abstract
To investigate the impact of sampling methodology on gene expression data from primary estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer biopsies, global gene expression was measured in core-cut biopsies at baseline and surgery from patients randomly assigned to receive either two weeks of presurgical aromatase inhibitor (AI; n = 157) or no presurgical treatment (n = 56). Those genes most markedly altered in the AI group (eg, FOS, DUSP1, RGS1, FOSB) were similarly altered in the no treatment group; some widely investigated genes that were apparently unaffected in the AI group (eg, MYC) were counter-altered in the control group, masking actual AI-dependent changes. In the absence of a control group, these artefactual changes would likely lead to the most affected genes being the erroneous focus of research. The findings are likely relevant to all archival collections of ER+ breast cancer.
Chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1) chaperone regulates Cse4 deposition into chromatin in budding yeast
Authors: Hewawasam Geetha S , Dhatchinamoorthy Karthik , Mattingly Mark , Seidel Chris , Gerton Jennifer L 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCorrect localization of the centromeric histone variant CenH3/CENP-A/Cse4 is an important part of faithful chromosome segregation. Mislocalization of CenH3 could affect chromosome segregation, DNA replication and transcription. CENP-A is often overexpressed and mislocalized in cancer genomes, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. One major regulator of Cse4 deposition is Psh1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls levels of Cse4 to prevent deposition into non-centromeric regions. We present evidence that Chromatin assembly factor-1 (CAF-1), an evolutionarily conserved histone H3/H4 chaperone with subunits shown previously to interact with CenH3 in flies and human cells, regulates Cse4 deposition in budding yeast. yCAF-1 interacts with Cse4 and can assemble Cse4 nucleosomes in vitro. Loss of yCAF-1 dramatically reduces the amount of Cse4 deposited into chromatin genome-wide when Cse4 is overexpressed. The incorporation of Cse4 genome-wide may have multifactorial effects on growth and gene expression. Loss of yCAF-1 can rescue growth defects and some changes in gene expression associated with Cse4 deposition that occur in the absence of Psh1-mediated proteolysis. Incorporation of Cse4 into promoter nucleosomes at transcriptionally active genes depends on yCAF-1. Overall our findings suggest CAF-1 can act as a CenH3 chaperone, regulating levels and incorporation of CenH3 in chromatin.