bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Microcirculation in Resectable Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MRI for Identifying Primary tumour and Lymphatic Metastasis
Authors: Chen Yan-li , Jiang Yu , Chen Tian-wu , Li Rui , Zhang Xiao-ming , Chen Fan , Wu Lan , Ou Jing , Yang Jian-qiong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) derived parameters can identify oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and lymphatic metastasis. Thirty-nine oesophageal SCC patients underwent DCE-MRI. Quantitative parameters including endothelial transfer constant (Ktrans), reflux rate (Kep), fractional extravascular extracellular space volume and fractional plasma volume, and semi-quantitative parameters including time to peak (TTP), max concentration, Max Slope and area under concentration-time curve of both oesophageal SCC and normal oesophagus were measured. Mann-Whitney U test revealed that Ktrans and Kep of oesophageal SCC were higher while TTP was shorter when compared to normal oesophagus (all P-values < 0.05); and areas under receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves displayed that Kep was superior to TTP or Ktrans for identifying oesophageal SCC (0.903 vs. 0.832 or 0.713). Mann-Whitney U test also demonstrated that Kep was higher and TTP was shorter in patients with lymphatic metastasis when compared to non-metastatic cancer patients (both P-values < 0.05), and area under ROC curve also showed that TTP was superior to Kep for predicting lymphatic metastasis (0.696 vs. 0.659). In conclusion, the combination of quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters derived from DCE-MRI can aid in the identification of oesophageal SCC and lymphatic metastasis.
Neuron/Glial Antigen 2-Type VI Collagen Interactions During Murine Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Yotsuya Mamoru , Bertagna Andrew E. , Hasan Nageeb , Bicknell Scott , Sato Toru , Reed David A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe degeneration of articular cartilage underscores the clinical pathology of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) and is promoted through dysfunctional biochemical or biophysical signaling. Transduction of these signals has a multifaceted regulation that includes important cell-matrix derived interactions. The matrix encapsulating the cells of the mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is rich in type VI collagen. Neuron/glia antigen 2 (NG2) is a type I transmembrane proteoglycan that binds with type VI collagen. This study defines the temporospatial dynamics of NG2-type VI collagen interactions during the progression of TMJ-OA. Membrane-bound NG2 is found to colocalize with pericellular type VI collagen in superficial layer cells in the MCC perichondrium but is present at high levels in the cytosol of chondroblastic and hypertrophic cells. When TMJ -OA is induced using a surgical instability model, localized disruptions of pericellular type VI collagen are observed on the central and medial MCC and are associated with significantly higher levels of cytosolic NG2. NG2 localized within the cytosol is found to be transported through clathrin and dynamin mediated endocytic pathways. These findings are consistent with NG2 behavior in other injury models and underscore the potential of NG2 as an entirely novel molecular mechanism of chondrocyte function contextually linked with TMJ-OA.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in spiral ganglion neuron apoptosis following chronic kanamycin-induced deafness
Authors: Tu Yaqin , Fan Guorun , Sun Haiying , Cai Xiong , Kong Wen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Aminoglycoside antibiotics-induced hearing loss is a common sensorineural impairment. Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) are first-order neurons of the auditory pathway and are critical for the maintenance of normal hearing. In the present study, we investigated the time-course of morphological changes and the degeneration process of spiral ganglion cells (SGCs) following chronic kanamycin-induced deafness and determined whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was involved in the degeneration of SGNs. We detected density changes in SGCs and the expressions of Bip, inositol requirement 1 (IRE1)α, activating transcription factor-6α, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, CHOP, and caspase-12 at each time point after kanamycin treatment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was also performed. The number of SGC deletions reached ∼50% at the 70th day after kanamycin administration and the ER of most SGCs were dilated. The expression of p-PERK, p-eIF2α, p-IRE1α, Bip, caspase-12, and Chop was significantly unregulated after kanamycin treatment. The number of SGCs that were positive for both TUNEL and caspase-12 increased from day 7 to 28. Taken together, these data demonstrate that ER stress was involved in kanamycin-induced apoptosis of SGNs. Kanamycin-induced SGN apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by ER stress-induced upregulation of CHOP and caspase-12.
NLRP3 activation induced by neutrophil extracellular traps sustains inflammatory response in the diabetic wound
Authors: Liu Dan , Yang Peilang , Gao Min , Yu Tianyi , Shi Yan , Zhang Meng , Yao Min , Liu Yan , Zhang Xiong 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Persistent inflammatory response in the diabetic wound impairs the healing process, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Mounting evidence indicate that the activation of Nod-like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome in macrophages (MΦ) contributes to the sustained inflammatory response and impaired wound healing associated with diabetes. However, the main trigger of NLRP3 inflammasome in the wounds is not known. Neutrophils, as sentinels of the innate immune system and key stimulators of MΦ, are immune cells that play the main role in the early phase of healing. Neutrophils release extracellular traps (NETs) as defense against pathogens. On the other hand, NETs induce tissue damage. NETs have been detected in the diabetic wound and implicated in the impaired healing process, but the mechanism of NETs suspend wound healing and its role in fostering inflammatory dysregulation are elusive. Here, we report that NLRP3 and NETs production are elevated in human and rat diabetic wounds. NETs overproduced in the diabetic wounds triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release in MΦ. Furthermore, NETs up-regulated NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β levels via the TLR-4/TLR-9/NF-κB signaling pathway. They also elicited the generation of reactive oxygen species, which facilitated the association between NLRP3 and thioredoxin-interacting protein, and activated the NLRP3 inflammasome. In addition, NET digestion by DNase I alleviated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, regulated the immune cell infiltration, and accelerated wound healing in diabetic rat model. These findings illustrate a new mechanism by which NETs contribute to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and sustained inflammatory response in the diabetic wound.
Low‐leakage current two‐stage transformerless grid‐connected converter for residential PV application
Authors: Farswan Rajesh S. , Datta Abhijit 
Published: January 2019

Conventional PV‐fed three‐level DC–DC converter has greater leakage current due to varying common mode (CM) voltage, and thus requires galvanic isolation if interfaced with on‐grid inverters. To reduce the leakage current and eliminate the requirement of galvanic isolation, a low‐leakage three‐level DC–DC converter is proposed for residential application. Efficacy of the converter is demonstrated by proposing a two‐stage single‐phase on‐grid PV system by interfacing with a three‐level transformerless single‐phase inverter topology. The DC–DC converter has reduced leakage current, which decreases the overall leakage current in the PV inverter system. In addition, smaller filter magnetics are required for both the three‐level converter and three‐level inverter. The CM analysis of the proposed system is presented. The proposed system is simulated using PSCAD and a laboratory prototype is developed for experimental evaluation. The experimental results show a part‐load efficiency of >96% for the overall system. Furthermore, the measured leakage current in the proposed system is <10 mA, which is below the prescribed RMS limit, as specified in German DIN VDE 0126‐1‐1 standard.
Synthesis and characterisation of FeTiO3 perovskite nanomaterials for electrochemical energy storage application
Authors: Srither Satturappa Ravisekaran , Dhineshbabu Nattanmai Raman 
Published: January 2019

In this study, ilmenite [iron titanate (FeTiO3)] perovskite nanoparticles were synthesised by wet chemical method and sintered at two temperatures, namely 350°C (FT350) and 500°C (FT500). The phase structure, crystallinity, microstructure, particle size, and purity of the sintered samples were extensively studied. Electrochemical measurements such as cyclic voltammetric studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and discharge measurements were carried out. The results of the cyclic voltammetric studies showed that sample prepared at 500°C delivers high specific capacitance (42 F g−1), which is significantly greater as compared to that of 350°C sample. Moreover, the results of the EIS study show that 500°C delivers better capacitance than 350°C. The FeTiO3 samples sintered at 350 and 500°C used as cathodes in a novel Mg/FeTiO3 cell delivered a discharge capacity of 129 and 90 mA h g−1, respectively. According to the study's data, for the first time it has confirmed that FeTiO3 is suitable for using it as a cathode material in Mg/FeTiO3 primary cell. The discharge capacity of 500°C was found to be 70% higher when compared to 350°C. Thus, the proposed results show that the electrochemical behaviour of the sintered sample 500°C is superior to that of 350°C.
Warm CO in evolved stars from the THROES catalogue
Authors: da Silva Santos J. M. , Ramos-Medina J. , Sánchez Contreras C. , García-Lario P. 
Published: January 2019

Context. This is the second paper of a series making use of Herschel/PACS spectroscopy of evolved stars in the THROES catalogue to study the inner warm regions of their circumstellar envelopes (CSEs).
Aims. We analyse the CO emission spectra, including a large number of high-J CO lines (from J = 14–13 to J = 45–44, ν = 0), as a proxy for the warm molecular gas in the CSEs of a sample of bright carbon-rich stars spanning different evolutionary stages from the asymptotic giant branch to the young planetary nebulae phase.
Methods. We used the rotational diagram (RD) technique to derive rotational temperatures (Trot) and masses (MH2) of the envelope layers where the CO transitions observed with PACS arise. Additionally, we obtained a first order estimate of the mass-loss rates and assessed the impact of the opacity correction for a range of envelope characteristic radii. We used multi-epoch spectra for the well-studied C-rich envelope IRC+10216 to investigate the impact of CO flux variability on the values of Trot and MH2.
Results. The sensitivity of PACS allowed for the study of higher rotational numbers than before indicating the presence of a significant amount of warmer gas (∼200 − 900 K) that is not traceable with lower J CO observations at submillimetre/millimetre wavelengths. The masses are in the range MH2 ∼ 10−2 − 10−5 M⊙, anticorrelated with temperature. For some strong CO emitters we infer a double temperature (warm T¯rot ∼ 400 K and hot T¯rot ∼ 820 K) component. From the analysis of IRC+10216, we corroborate that the effect of line variability is perceptible on the Trot of the hot component only, and certainly insignificant on MH2 and, hence, the mass-loss rate. The agreement between our mass-loss rates and the literature across the sample is good. Therefore, the parameters derived from the RD are robust even when strong line flux variability occurs, and the major source of uncertainty in the estimate of the mass-loss rate is the size of the CO-emitting volume.
Carers of Long-Stay Patients’ Perspectives of Secure Forensic Care: An Exploratory Qualitative Study
Authors: Sampson Stephanie , Foster Sheena , Majid Shazmin , Völlm Birgit 
Published: January 2019

Background: For patients with a mental disorder facing lengthy stays in secure forensic care, the role and experiences of their carers has only recently started to be explored in research. Aims: To explore the experiences of carers of longstay patients in low-to-high- secure forensic care. Methods: This exploratory qualitative study included two focus groups and two written responses. Findings: Focus groups identified importance of communication, and improving carer knowledge of services as methods of meaningful inclusion in treatment and recovery. Conclusions: Better involvement of carers may help improve trust in services and develop a strong bond between parties involved in longer-term care, treatment, and recovery.
Translation and Adaptation as Recontextualization: The Case of The Snowman
Authors: Greenall Annjo K , Løfaldli Eli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this article, we propose an integrated framework especially, but not exclusively, tailored to the analysis of multisemiotic transfers/transformations that involve both linguistic and non-linguistic elements. The framework is based on the Swedish communication scholar Per Linell’s notion of recontextualization. This concept, which denotes the process of inserting an element from one context into another, thereby effecting some kind of transformation, is theoretically prior to both of the concepts ‘adaptation’ and ‘translation’ as they are prototypically understood, and encompasses them. Thus, taking this concept as a point of departure allows us to avoid artificial boundaries between that which is commonly considered to be adaptation-studies concerns, and that which is considered to be translation-studies concerns, in analyses of multisemiotic transfers/transformations such as film adaptations. By introducing a flexible set of ‘levels’ of recontextualization (medial, generic, cultural, ideological, and linguistic) and deploying them in a sample analysis of the immediate critical reception of Tomas Alfredson’s international reworking of Jo Nesbø’s The Snowman, we show how these levels work together to create various interpretative possibilities and effects for viewers. Finally, we argue that an integrated framework based around the notion of recontextualization will also be applicable in analyses of non-translation/non-adaptation texts, allowing comparisons of recontextualization phenomena across communicative forms.
Dysregulation of HDAC9 Represses Trophoblast Cell Migration and Invasion Through TIMP3 Activation in Preeclampsia
Authors: Xie Dandan , Zhu Jingping , Liu Qianqian , Li Jun , Song Mengjiu , Wang Kai , Zhou Qian , Jia Yuanhui , Li Ting 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEPreeclampsia (PE) is a common disease during pregnancy. It is generally accepted that PE is closely associated with shallow placenta implantation caused by the dysfunction of trophoblast cells. Trophoblasts have been recognized to share histological and behavioral characteristics with cancer cells, and many lines of evidence have emphasized that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are therapeutic targets for cancer treatment with the most promising. However, the roles of HDACs have not been well established in PE. The purpose of this study is investigating the expression of HDACs in preeclamptic placentas and to explore its roles in PE progression.METHODSBoth mRNA and protein levels of HDAC9 were determined by q-RT-PCR and western blot in normal and preeclamptic placentas. The localization of HDAC9 was performed by immunohistochemistry. Trophoblast cell mobility and proliferation were determined by transwell and MTS assays, respectively. The histone acetylation levels of the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) promoter were detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (ChIP–qPCR) assay.RESULTSHDAC9 was downregulated in preeclamptic placentas compared with that in normal controls, and it was mainly localized in the nucleus of syncytiotrophoblast cells. HDAC9 knockdown in HTR-8/SVneo cells inhibited cell migration and invasion. The transcriptional level of TIMP3 was upregulated in HDAC9-knockdown HTR-8/SVneo cells because of promoter histone hyperacetylation. Importantly, HDAC9 downregulation can rescue the defects caused by HDAC9 knockdown.CONCLUSIONSHDAC9 promotes trophoblast cell migration and invasion by repressing TIMP3 through promoter histone hypoacetylation. Thus, the findings of our study suggest that dysregulated HDAC9 and TIMP3 are relevant to PE.
Performance of gene expression–based single sample predictors for assessment of clinicopathological subgroups and molecular subtypes in cancers: a case comparison study in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Cirenajwis Helena , Lauss Martin , Planck Maria , Vallon-Christersson Johan , Staaf Johan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The development of multigene classifiers for cancer prognosis, treatment prediction, molecular subtypes or clinicopathological groups has been a cornerstone in transcriptomic analyses of human malignancies for nearly two decades. However, many reported classifiers are critically limited by different preprocessing needs like normalization and data centering. In response, a new breed of classifiers, single sample predictors (SSPs), has emerged. SSPs classify samples in an N-of-1 fashion, relying on, e.g. gene rules comparing expression values within a sample. To date, several methods have been reported, but there is a lack of head-to-head performance comparison for typical cancer classification problems, representing an unmet methodological need in cancer bioinformatics. To resolve this need, we performed an evaluation of two SSPs [k-top-scoring pair classifier (kTSP) and absolute intrinsic molecular subtyping (AIMS)] for two case examples of different magnitude of difficulty in non-small cell lung cancer: gene expression–based classification of (i) tumor histology and (ii) molecular subtype. Through the analysis of ~2000 lung cancer samples for each case example (n = 1918 and n = 2106, respectively), we compared the performance of the methods for different sample compositions, training data set sizes, gene expression platforms and gene rule selections. Three main conclusions are drawn from the comparisons: both methods are platform independent, they select largely overlapping gene rules associated with actual underlying tumor biology and, for large training data sets, they behave interchangeably performance-wise. While SSPs like AIMS and kTSP offer new possibilities to move gene expression signatures/predictors closer to a clinical context, they are still importantly limited by the difficultness of the classification problem at hand.
The global dissemination of bacterial infections necessitates the study of reverse genomic epidemiology
Authors: Ruan Zhi , Yu Yunsong , Feng Ye 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has revolutionized the genotyping of bacterial pathogens and is expected to become the new gold standard for tracing the transmissions of bacterial infectious diseases for public health purposes. Traditional genomic epidemiology often uses WGS as a verification tool, namely, when a common source or epidemiological link is suspected, the collected isolates are sequenced for the determination of clonal relationships. However, increasingly frequent international travel and food transportation, and the associated potential for the cross-border transmission of bacterial pathogens, often lead to an absence of information on bacterial transmission routes. Here we introduce the concept of ‘reverse genomic epidemiology’, i.e. when isolates are inspected by genome comparisons to be sufficiently similar to one another, they are assumed to be a consequence of infection from a common source. Through BacWGSTdb (http://bacdb.org/BacWGSTdb/), a database we have developed for bacterial genome typing and source tracking, we have found that almost the entire analyzed 20 bacterial species exhibit the phenomenon of cross-border clonal dissemination. Five networks were further identified in which isolates sharing nearly identical genomes were collected from at least five different countries. Three of these have been documented as real infectious disease outbreaks, therefore demonstrating the feasibility and authority of reverse genomic epidemiology. Our survey and proposed strategy would be of potential value in establishing a global surveillance system for tracing bacterial transmissions and outbreaks; the related database and techniques require urgent standardization.
States Recognition in Foreign Policy: The Case of Sweden's Recognition of Palestine
Authors: Badarin Emile 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article examines politics of states recognition. Despite the significance of the concept of recognition to international politics, only recently has international relations (IR) scholarship begun to appreciate its analytical value. How states employ their prerogatives to grant or withhold recognition has received less attention in IR. The article extends this discussion by shedding light on politics of recognition in contexts of contested states and territorial conflicts. It does so by scrutinizing Sweden's recognition of the Palestinian statehood in October 2014. The findings underline the importance of foreign policy and recognition narratives for explaining and critically evaluating recognition in such contexts; therefore, the analysis of foreign policy needs to be integrated more consistently into the study and theorization of the problem of contested states’ recognition.
Association Between Brain β-Amyloid and Frailty in Older Adults
Authors: Maltais Mathieu , De Souto Barreto Philipe , Hooper Claudie , Payoux Pierre , Rolland Yves , Vellas Bruno ,   MAPT/DSA Study Group
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
We sought to determine whether cortical and regional β-amyloid (Aβ) were cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with change in frailty status in older adults.

Methods
We used data from 269 community-dwelling participants from the Multidomain Alzheimer’s Preventive Trial (MAPT) who were assessed for brain Aβ using positron-emission tomography scan. Regional and cortical-to-cerebellar standardized uptake value ratios were obtained. Frailty was assessed by a frailty index composed of 19 items not directly linked to cognition and Alzheimer’s disease.

Results
A significant and positive cross-sectional and prospective relationship was found for Aβ in the anterior putamen (cross-sectional: β = 0.11 [0.02–0.20], p = .02; prospective: β = 0.11 [0.03–0.19], p = .007), posterior putamen (cross-sectional: β = 0.12 [0.009–0.23], p = .03; prospective: β = 0.11 [0.02–0.21], p = .02), and precuneus regions (cross-sectional: β = 0.07 [0.01–0.12], p = .01; prospective: β = 0.07 [0.01–0.12], p = .01) with increasing frailty.

Conclusions
This study has found new information regarding cross-sectional and prospective positive associations between region-specific brain Aβ deposits and worsening frailty. The potential mechanisms involved require further investigation.
Oscillatory Behavior of Large Eigenvalues in Quantum Rabi Models
Authors: Boutet de Monvel Anne , Zielinski Lech 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe investigate the large $n$ asymptotics of the $n$-th eigenvalue for a class of unbounded self-adjoint operators defined by infinite Jacobi matrices with discrete spectrum. In the case of the quantum Rabi model we obtain the 1st three terms of the asymptotics that determine the parameters of the model. This paper is based on our previous paper [5] that it completes and improves.