bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Poking the skunk’: Ethical and medico‐legal concerns in research about patients’ experiences of medical injury
Authors: Schulz Moore Jennifer , Mello Michelle M. , Bismark Marie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractImproving how health care providers respond to medical injury requires an understanding of patients’ experiences. Although many injured patients strongly desire to be heard, research rarely involves them. Institutional review boards worry about harming participants by asking them to revisit traumatic events, and hospital staff worry about provoking lawsuits. Institutions’ reluctance to approve this type of research has slowed progress toward responses to injuries that are better able to meet patients’ needs. In 2015–2016, we were able to surmount these challenges and interview 92 injured patients and families in the USA and New Zealand. This article explores whether the ethical and medico‐legal concerns are, in fact, well‐founded. Consistent with research about trauma‐research‐related distress, our participants’ accounts indicate that the pervasive fears about retraumatization are unfounded. Our experience also suggests that because being heard is an important (but often unmet) need for injured patients, talking provides psychological benefits and may decrease rather than increase the impetus to sue. Our article makes recommendations to institutional review boards and researchers. The benefits to responsibly conducted research with injured patients outweigh the risks to participants and institutions.
Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xL inhibition predominantly synergistically enhances the anti‐neoplastic activity of a low‐dose CUSP9 repurposed drug regime against glioblastoma
Authors: Halatsch Marc‐Eric , Kast Richard Eric , Dwucet Annika , Hlavac Michal , Heiland Tim , Westhoff Mike‐Andrew , Debatin Klaus‐Michael , Wirtz Christian Rainer , Siegelin Markus David , Karpel‐Massler Georg 
Published: June 2019

Background and PurposeDrug repurposing represents a promising approach to safely accelerate the clinical application of therapeutics with anti‐cancer activity. In this study, we examined whether inhibition of the anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 family proteins Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xL enhances the biological effects of the repurposed CUSP9 regimen in an in vitro setting of glioblastoma.Experimental ApproachWe applied 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays to assess cellular proliferation. Annexin V/propidium iodide and tetramethylrhodamine, ethyl ester staining were used to examine apoptosis. Western blotting, RT‐PCR, and specific knockdown experiments using siRNA were employed to examine molecular mechanisms of action.Key ResultsBcl‐2/Bcl‐xL inhibition exerted synergistic anti‐proliferative effects across established, primary cultured, and stem‐like glioblastoma cells when combined with CUSP9 which had been reduced to only one tenth of its proposed original concentration (CUSP9‐LD). The combination treatment also led to enhanced apoptosis with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspases. On the molecular level, CUSP9‐LD counteracted ABT263‐mediated up‐regulation of Mcl‐1. Silencing of Mcl‐1 enhanced ABT263‐mediated apoptosis which indicates that down‐regulation of Mcl‐1 is crucial for the induction of cell death by the combination treatment.Conclusion and ImplicationsThese data suggest that Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xL inhibition enhances the susceptibility of glioblastoma cells towards CUSP9, allowing dramatic dose reduction and potentially decreased toxicity when applied clinically. A clinical trial involving the original CUSP doses (CUSP9v3) is currently ongoing in our institution (NCT02770378). The Bcl‐2/Bcl‐xL inhibitor ABT263 is in clinical trials and might represent a valuable adjunct to the original CUSP.
Hypoxia decreases macrophage glycolysis and M1 percentage by targeting microRNA‐30c and mTOR in human gastric cancer
Authors: Zhihua Yun , Yulin Tan , Yibo Wang , Wei Ding , Yin Chu , Jiahao Xu , Runqiu Jiang , Xuezhong Xu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMacrophages are essential inflammatory cells which regulate the features of immune reactions within tumors. Many studies have reported their regulatory roles in immunity through cytokines and cell signaling. However, relatively few studies have focused on their metabolic features and mechanisms. We aimed to determine the signaling pathway regulating cell metabolism and the mechanism related to the regulation of human tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer (GC). Tumor‐infiltrated macrophages were isolated from human GC tissues using magnetic beads, gene transcription was determined by real‐time PCR, protein expression was monitored using western blots, metabolites were determined using HPLC, and transcriptional regulation was analyzed by the luciferase‐based reporter gene system. A significant decrease in microRNA (miR)‐30c and an increase in regulated in development and DNA damage responses 1 (REDD1) were detected in human GC TAMs, the transcription of miR‐30c was negatively correlated with REDD1. MicroRNA‐30c expression was suppressed by hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α activation and related to decreased mTOR activity as well as glycolysis in human GC TAMs. Hypoxia‐regulated miR‐30c downregulated REDD‐1 expression by targeting its 3′UTR. Overexpression of miR‐30c or restored mTOR activity in macrophages with miR‐30cLow expression promoted M1 macrophage differentiation and function in TAMs. Therefore, hypoxia in the human GC microenvironment suppressed the expression of miR‐30c, and decreased mTOR activity as well as glycolysis in GC TAMs, thus inhibiting M1 differentiation and function. These results provide a novel metabolic strategy for tumor microenvironment‐based therapy.
Fatigue in children with perinatal stroke: clinical and neurophysiological associations
Authors: Wrightson James G , Zewdie Ephrem , Kuo Hsing‐Ching , Millet Guillaume Y , Kirton Adam 
Published: June 2019

AimTo characterize fatigue in children with hemiparesis with perinatal stroke and explore associations with measures of motor performance and corticospinal excitability.MethodForty‐five children (16 females, 29 males), aged 6 to 18 years (mean [SD] 12y [4]), with magnetic resonance imaging‐confirmed perinatal stroke participated. Associations between fatigue (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 3.0 cerebral palsy module fatigue subscale), motor performance (Assisting Hand Assessment [AHA], Box and Blocks Test, grip strength), and excitability of corticospinal projections to both hands were examined using ranked tests of correlation, robust regression, and the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsNearly half of the participants (n=21) reported experiencing fatigue in the previous month. Function in the less affected hand (Box and Blocks Test, grip strength) was correlated with fatigue scores. Participants with preserved ipsilateral projections to the more affected hand had less fatigue, and scores correlated with the excitability of these projections. Fatigue scores were not associated with age, sex, or AHA score.InterpretationFatigue is common in children with hemiparesis with perinatal stroke and is associated with motor performance and the presence and excitability of ipsilateral corticospinal projections from the contralesional hemisphere to the more affected hand.What this paper adds

Fatigue is common in children with hemiparesis with perinatal stroke.

Fatigue was associated with motor performance and strength in the less affected, but not the more affected, hand.

Fatigue was associated with the presence and excitability of ipsilateral corticospinal projections from the contralesional hemisphere.
Silk‐ and volatile‐based male mate choice in the genital plug‐producing spider
Authors: Sentenská Lenka , Pekár Stano 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFemale mating history can have a strong effect on male fertilization success. Although males often prefer to mate with virgin females, they often also engage with mated females. As the intensity of sperm competition can differ among mated females, males are expected to evolve means to identify their status. In spiders, males often use female silk to gather information about female quality. Males of many spider species deposit mating plugs into female genitalia to hinder further copulations. We tested whether males of the foliage‐dwelling, plug‐producing spiderPhilodromus cespitum, which is an important natural enemy of pests, discriminate between females of different mating status and whether they can determine the extent of genital plugging in mated females solely on the basis of cues gained from deposited female silk. We presented males with draglines of females that varied in either mating status (virgin vs. mated), the extent of plugging (small vs. big plug), or the age of the plug (fresh vs. old plug) and examined their mate preferences. Additionally, we tested whether males were attracted to volatile cues produced by female bodies. Our experiments revealed that males preferred draglines of virgin females to those of mated females, and mated females with small plugs to those with large plugs. They were also attracted to female volatile cues. This study suggests that males are able to extract fine‐scale information on mating status from female draglines.
A Data Science Framework for Movement
Authors: Dodge Somayeh 
Published: June 2019

Movement is the driving force behind the form and function of many ecological and human systems. Identification and analysis of movement patterns that may relate to the behavior of individuals and their interactions is a fundamental first step in understanding these systems. With advances in IoT and the ubiquity of smart connected sensors to collect movement and contextual data, we now have access to a wealth of geo‐enriched high‐resolution tracking data. These data promise new forms of knowledge and insight into movement of humans, animals, and goods, and hence can increase our understanding of complex spatiotemporal processes such as disease outbreak, urban mobility, migration, and human‐species interaction. To take advantage of the evolution in our data, we need a revolution in how we visualize, model, and analyze movement as a multidimensional process that involves space, time, and context. This paper introduces a data science paradigm with the aim of advancing research on movement.
Should I stay or should I go? Explaining variation in nonstate actor advocacy over time in global governance
Authors: Hanegraaff Marcel , Vergauwen Jorik , Beyers Jan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe past decades have been characterized by a growing number of nonstate actors (NSAs) involved in global governance. However, despite this growth, only a small number of NSAs have been able to maintain a prolonged global presence over a substantial period of time. To explain why some NSAs are more active, we rely on resource dependence theory. We demonstrate that sustained advocacy over time can be explained by a density dependence mechanism, namely the more NSAs mobilize, the lower the chance that individual NSAs will prolong their global advocacy efforts. Analysis of data stemming from a unique data set of 5,627 NSAs active at the global climate conferences demonstrates that much advocacy in this field is indeed of an incidental nature, namely a large number of groups attend once and never return.
The Association Between Parental Migraine and Infant Colic: A Cross‐Sectional, Web‐Based, U.S. Survey Study
Authors: Gelfand Amy A. , Buse Dawn C. , Cabana Michael D. , Grimes Barbara , Goadsby Peter J. , Allen I. Elaine 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundInfant colic, or excessive crying in an otherwise healthy infant, is common, although the cause(s) are not known. This study aimed to determine whether parental migraine is associated with infant colic.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional online survey study of biological parents of 4‐8 week olds in the United States during February and March 2017 and October 2017‐April 2018. Parents self‐reported information about their and their infant's health using validated instruments wherever possible. Parents were recruited using social media advertisements and completed the survey online. Migraine was identified with a validated screener using modified International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition criteria. Parental depression and anxiety were screened with the Patient Health Questionnaire‐2 (PHQ‐2) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale‐2 (GAD‐2). Parental seasonal allergies and asthma were assessed by self‐report. Infant colic was determined based on parental response to the question, “Has your baby cried for at least 3 hours on at least 3 days in the last week?”ResultsA total of 1,715 surveys were completed over 2 recruitment periods; 1,419 formed the analysis set. Eight hundred twenty‐seven were completed by biological mothers and 592 by biological fathers. Mean (SD) maternal age: 28.9 (5.1) years; 33.5% had migraine/probable migraine. Maternal migraine was associated with increased odds of infant colic: OR 1.7 (1.3‐2.4). Among mothers with migraine, headache frequency ≥15 days/month was associated with higher risk of infant colic (OR 2.5 (1.2‐5.3)); and anxiety was borderline associated (OR 1.7 (1.0‐2.9)). Mean (SD) paternal age was 31.6 (4.5) years; 20.8% had migraine/probable migraine. Paternal migraine was not associated with infant colic: OR 1.0 (0.7‐1.5). Fathers with depression (OR 2.4 (1.4‐4.3)) or anxiety (OR 1.7 (1.1‐2.7)) were more likely to have a baby with colic but having a girl infant was protective: (OR 0.7 (0.5‐0.97)).ConclusionsMothers with migraine are more likely to have a baby with colic, while fathers with migraine are not. Further research is needed to determine the mechanisms underlying these findings. In the meantime, clinicians may wish to counsel parents with a maternal history of migraine about the increased possibility of having a colicky infant and provide resources and education about infant crying.
Retrograde root canal retreatment with pre‐bent ultrasonic files. A retrospective outcome study
Authors: Weissman A. , Goldberger T. , Wigler R. , Kfir A. , Blau–Venezia N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo assess retrospectively the clinical and radiographic outcomes of retrograde root canal retreatment (RRR) and to identify possible prognostic factors that may affect the outcome.MethodologyClinical records and radiographs were collected from patients who had undergone RRR between 2009 and 2016 and had a 1‐year follow‐up. All surgical procedures were performed by a single endodontist. The RRR technique involved minimal root‐end resection and maximal length retrograde preparation using pre‐bent ultrasonic files. Outcomes were categorized as complete, incomplete, uncertain or unsatisfactory healing based on clinical and radiographic findings. The complete and incomplete healing cases were pooled and considered as successes, while uncertain and unsatisfactory cases were considered failures. Prognostic factors were analysed using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 575 patients with 721 teeth were included. The overall success rate was 91.8%. None of the prognostic factors (including age, gender, size of periapical radiolucency and isthmus presence) had a significant influence on the outcome (P > 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed tooth type had a significant influence on outcome (P = 0.008) with mandibular incisors having a significantly lower success rate (71.4%). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression revealed that the only variable with a significant association to the outcome was retrograde preparation length (P = 0.016, odds ratio = 1.299 (1.050, 1.607), C.I. = 95%)), i.e. the longer the retrograde preparation, the better the outcome.ConclusionsRetrograde root canal retreatment was successful in 91.8% of cases. This predictable success rate was achieved while minimizing root‐end resection and maximizing retrograde canal preparation length.
Sintering and concomitant crystallization of bioactive glasses
Authors: Blaeß Carsten , Müller Ralf , Poologasundarampillai Gowsihan , Brauer Delia S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe sintering of bioactive glasses allows for the preparation of complex structures, such as three‐dimensional porous scaffolds. Such 3D constructs are particularly interesting for clinical applications of bioactive glasses in bone regeneration, as the scaffolds can act as a guide for in‐growing bone cells, allowing for good integration with existing and newly formed tissue while the scaffold slowly degrades. Owing to the pronounced tendency of many bioactive glasses to crystallize upon heat treatment, 3D scaffolds have not been much exploited commercially. Here, we investigate the influence of crystallization on the sintering behavior of several bioactive glasses. In a series of mixed‐alkali glasses an increased CaO/alkali metal oxide ratio improved sintering compared to Bioglass 45S5, where dense sintering was inhibited. Addition of small amounts of calcium fluoride helped to keep melting and sintering temperatures low. Unlike glass 13‐93, these new glasses crystallized during sintering but this did not prevent densification. Variation in bioactive glass particle size allowed for fine‐tuning the microporosity resulting from the sintering process.
Cosmopolitanism: The Foundational Ground for a More Inclusive Understanding of Belonging to Protect the Human Rights of North Korean Stateless Women
Authors: Yoon I Sil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, I will examine the use of the notion of cosmopolitanism to address the exclusionary nature of citizenship. Citizenship is a contemporary social norm that privileges citizens and discriminates against others, leading to consequent human rights violations experienced by stateless populations. I will use the case study of North Korean stateless women who reside in China and who are victims of human trafficking as an example of stateless people who lack legal guarantees for human rights. By uncovering the way citizenship operates as a social structure that deprives people of their human rights, I will argue for Seyla Benhabib's notion of cosmopolitanism, which pursues a more inclusive notion of belonging and necessitates institutional changes. These include the juridical implementation of improved immigration policy and citizenship law, involving the cooperation of the global society, to recognize the dignity of the stateless and protect their human rights.
The Impact of UN Peacekeeping Operations on Human Trafficking
Authors: Horne Cale , Barney Morgan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile United Nations (UN) peacekeeping operations (PKOs) are generally considered to reduce the likelihood of civil war recurrence, attention in recent years has shifted to understanding the dynamics unique to post‐Cold War peacekeeping, including the changing makeup and mandate of PKOs, and associated patterns of peacekeeper misconduct. While several studies of misconduct emphasize peacekeepers’ implication in sexual exploitation and abuse of host country citizens, this study goes the next step by assessing peacekeeping’s relationship to human trafficking more broadly—a perennial concern in post‐conflict states. Though UN PKOs are not always directly responsible for increases in human trafficking in mission host countries, this paper considers how the attributes of UN peacekeeping missions may create the conditions where trafficking is likely to flourish or flounder.
Understanding patients’ experiences of recovery after staged complex aortic repair: A phenomenological study
Authors: Haakseth Linda , Wanhainen Anders , Björck Martin , Jangland Eva 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo explore patients’ with complex aortic diseases lived experiences of recovery between and after staged endovascular aortic repair (EVAR) procedures, including adjunctive open surgery.DesignQualitative descriptive phenomenological design, applying person‐centred care and lifeworld‐led health care.MethodsPatients operated on in a staged fashion between 2012–2017 were invited to participate. Six participants underwent in‐depth interviews 1–5 years postoperatively. The interviews were analysed using descriptive phenomenological method.FindingsThe essence of the patients’ experiences was described as: a necessary, overwhelming, hard, and prolonged process with life changing consequences. Between the operations: expected tiredness where life goes on as usual and insufficient time for recovery. Short‐term after all operations: overwhelming tiredness, pain and complications, mostly from neurological deficits. Losing ‘yourself’ and struggling to manage daily life one day to another. Long‐term after all operations: gradually recovering back to ‘yourself’ and having to accept life with permanent setbacks and limitations.ConclusionPatients with complex aortic diseases struggle with physical and psychological setbacks, continuing years after their operations. There is a need to prospectively assess different aspects of these patients’ recovery, identify those with impaired recovery and establish preventive and supporting strategies.ImpactPatients’ experience of recovery after staged aortic repair has not previously been investigated. The findings indicate that these patients struggle with various physical and psychological setbacks continuing years after their operations. These results will inform further research on this group of patients and guide healthcare professionals in the care of these patients in their transition back to recovery.
Contact and communication with patients experiencing suicidal ideation: A qualitative study of nurses’ perspectives
Authors: Vandewalle Joeri , Beeckman Dimitri , Van Hecke Ann , Debyser Bart , Deproost Eddy , Verhaeghe Sofie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo uncover and understand the core elements of how nurses in psychiatric hospitals make contact with patients experiencing suicidal ideation.DesignA qualitative study based on the principles of grounded theory was performed.MethodsNineteen nurses on wards of four psychiatric hospitals were interviewed between May 2017 – February 2018. The Qualitative Analysis Guide of Leuven was used to facilitate the constant comparison of data.FindingsNurses make contact with patients experiencing suicidal ideation by “creating conditions for open and genuine communication” while maintaining a focus on “developing an accurate and meaningful picture of patients”. These interconnected core elements represent nurses’ attention to relational processes like building trust as well as their predominant focus on assessing suicide risk. Nurses put other emphases in their contacts with patients depending on whether their approach is guided more by checking and controlling suicide risk or by acknowledging and connecting (with) the person.ConclusionThe study enhances the conceptual understanding of how nurses on psychiatric wards can involve in compassionate and considerate contact and communication with patients experiencing suicidal ideation. These findings can be used to underpin the nurses’ role in and contribution to suicide prevention.ImpactThe core elements “creating conditions for open and genuine communication” while maintaining a focus on “developing an accurate and meaningful picture of patients” can inform policies for nursing practice and education that aim to preserve and improve the capacity of nurses to involve in compassionate and considerate contact and communication with patients experiencing suicidal ideation.