bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Luminescent Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Dots as “Turn‐On” Fluorescence Probe for Selective Detection of Melamine
Authors: Zhuang Qi , Li Li , Ding Yaping , Zeng Hongyan , Wu Yueci 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn our work, a new and simple method for selective detection of melamine is established by developing a “turn‐on” fluorescence probe based on nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CQDs) ‐ iron ions (Fe3+). The N‐CQDs have been facilely prepared by one‐step simple hydrothermal reaction and it is highly luminescent that with 51% fluorescent quantum yield. In this sensor, the fluorescent intensity of N‐CQDs was found to be efficient quenched by Fe3+, upon addition of melamine the fluorescent intensity of N‐CQDs‐Fe3+ could gradually recover, which may because of the competitive combination of Fe3+ and melamine leading to the departure of Fe3+ from the N‐CQDs’ surface. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity has a good liner relationship with melamine in the range of 2.0 to 290 μM. The probe displayed good sensitivity toward melamine with a lower detection limit of 0.67 μM. In addition, this fluorescence probe has been used for the analysis of milk samples, demonstrating the fluorescence probe has potential application in the detection of melamine.
Single‐ and Double‐Shelled CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient Magnetic Separable Photocatalysts
Authors: Mansournia Mohammadreza , Ghaderi Leila 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we have reported a facile strategy to fabricate a core/shell/shell structured CuO@ZnO@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite with enhanced UV‐light‐driven photocatalytic activity that is capable of fast magnetic separation. Photocatalytic examination of the as‐prepared photocatalyst was carried out using methylene blue (MB) solution under UV irradiation. A hypothesized reaction mechanism was presented, showing the introduction of CuO into ZnO@CoFe2O4 nanocomposite facilitates charge separation by trapping photo‐generated electrons, therefore improves the photocatalytic properties. The resultant multifunctional nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized by a series of techniques including XRD, EDX, FTIR, SEM, TEM and VSM.
Magnesium Aluminate Supported Cu Catalyst for Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Biomass Derived Furfural to Furfuryl Alcohol with Formic Acid as Hydrogen Donor
Authors: Nagaiah Peddinti , Gidyonu Paleti , Ashokraju Muppala , Rao Madduluri Venkata , Challa Prathap , Burri David Raju , Kamaraju Seetha Rama Rao 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCatalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) was concerned great attention because it does not need the use of high pressure H2. A series of Cu catalysts has been prepared for transfer hydrogenation of biomass derived furfural to furfuryl alcohol with formic acid. The prepared Cu based catalysts are thoroughly characterized by various technique such as XRD, TPR, TPD (NH3, CO2), TEM, FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, N2O pulse chemisorption and N2‐physorption method. For a comparison point of view, the activity tests of various copper based catalysts have also been carried out. Among all these, MgAl2O4 (MA) supported copper catalyst was found to be the best to give 90% selectivity of furfuryl alcohol from transfer hydrogenation of furfural. The excellent yield of furfuryl alcohol could be attributed to high density of surface active Cu species, proper surface acidic‐basic properties and metal support interaction. Moreover, Cu/MA catalyst was simply recovered and reused, which retained its original activity even after reaction without significant loss of original activity. Supporting its reusability and stability.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid–Assembled Microneedles as Mini‐Invasive Electrodes for Real‐Time Transdermal Biosensing
Authors: Jin Quanchang , Chen Hui‐Jiuan , Li Xiangling , Huang Xinshuo , Wu Qianni , He Gen , Hang Tian , Yang Chengduan , Jiang Zhen , Li Enlai , Zhang Aihua , Lin Zhihong , Liu Fanmao , Xie Xi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA variety of nanomaterial‐based biosensors have been developed to sensitively detect biomolecules in vitro, yet limited success has been achieved in real‐time sensing in vivo. The application of microneedles (MN) may offer a solution for painless and minimally‐invasive transdermal biosensing. However, integration of nanostructural materials on microneedle surface as transdermal electrodes remains challenging in applications. Here, a transdermal H2O2 electrochemical biosensor based on MNs integrated with nanohybrid consisting of reduced graphene oxide and Pt nanoparticles (Pt/rGO) is developed. The Pt/rGO significantly improves the detection sensitivity of the MN electrode, while the MNs are utilized as a painless transdermal tool to access the in vivo environment. The Pt/rGO nanostructures are protected by a water‐soluble polymer layer to avoid mechanical destruction during the MN skin insertion process. The polymer layer can readily be dissolved by the interstitial fluid and exposes the Pt/rGO on MNs for biosensing in vivo. The applications of the Pt/rGO‐integrated MNs for in situ and real‐time sensing of H2O2 in vivo are demonstrated both on pigskin and living mice. This work offers a unique real‐time transdermal biosensing system, which is a promising tool for sensing in vivo with high sensitivity but in a minimally‐invasive manner.
Adaptive capacity to climate change: A synthesis of concepts, methods, and findings in a fragmented field
Authors: Siders A.R. 
Published: January 2019

Adaptive capacity is an important element of long‐term adaptation to climate change and is the focus of a rapidly growing body of research. Interdisciplinary growth has the potential to introduce new methods and insights, but it could also cause fragmentation and hamper methodological development or limit transfer of academic insights to climate change adaptation practice. This article uses qualitative content, bibliometric, and citation network analyses to systematically review the scope, methods, and findings of 276 studies on adaptive capacity of social and social‐ecological systems. The review demonstrates that adaptive capacity research is highly interdisciplinary; covers a wide range of sectors, geographic locations, and scales of analysis; and is highly fragmented. The majority of empirical studies are isolated by lack of comparative work and cross‐field citation. Forty‐six percent of studies reviewed do not cite prior works on adaptive capacity: even those on similar topics in the same geographic location. Methods to assess adaptive capacity have proliferated to include more than 64 indicator‐based indices or frameworks and 37 proxy outcome measures. The article argues that lack of either consensus or debate across the literature raises concerns that scientific progress in the field may be constrained and the ability of adaptive capacity research to inform adaptation practice may be limited. To promote consistency and transparency in future work, 158 determinants of adaptive capacity are defined and illustrated with common assessment indicators and examples. Additional opportunities for progress are noted with suggestions for future research.This article is categorized under:

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Removal of Non-economic Damage Caps is Not Associated with Reductions in Early Imaging for Low Back Pain
Authors: Dy Christopher J. , Pesko Michael F. , Keller Matthew , Sepper Elizabeth , Olsen Margaret A. 
Published: January 2019

Background Supporters of medical liability reform contend that caps on non-economic damages will decrease defensive medicine. Questions/Purposes We examined whether removal of caps on non-economic damages affect one type of defensive medical practice, early imaging for new-onset low back pain. Patients and Methods Using administrative claims data, we retrospectively studied adult patients evaluated for new-onset low back pain from 2007 to 2012. We included patients from two states that had caps on non-economic damages struck down in 2010 ( n = 462, 604) and patients from adjacent states ( n = 781, 963). Using a difference-in-differences approach, we evaluated the impact of non-economic damage caps on early imaging while adjusting for physician specialty, patient characteristics, and year- and state-level fixed effects. Results There was no association between non-economic damage caps and early imaging for low back pain among all providers. Removal of a non-economic damage cap was also not associated with a significant change in early imaging within the two cap-removal states. Subgroup analysis by physician specialty demonstrated significantly increased use of early imaging for low back pain by orthopedic or neurological surgeons in the first 12 months following cap removal in one state (but this difference did not persist beyond 12 months). In the other cap-removal state, early imaging increased among orthopedic and neurological surgeons more than 12 months after cap removal. Conclusion We found no association between caps on non-economic damages and early imaging for low back pain among all physicians. However, our subgroup analysis suggests that physician specialties may respond to non-economic damage cap policies differently.
One color fits all: product category color norms and (a)typical package colors
Authors: Garaus Marion , Halkias Georgios 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Despite the growing amount of research on different aspects of product package design, there is lack of empirical evidence with regard to how package color perceptions may influence consumer preferences. Based on categorization theory, the present paper explores responses to package colors that conform or do not conform to product category color norms. Results of two experiments show that atypical package colors implicate negative consequences to the brand. Findings indicate that perceived package color atypicality increases consumers’ skepticism and, contrary to expectations, decreases interest. These affective reactions negatively influence consumers’ product attitude which subsequently translates into lower purchase intention. The results provide important insights for theory and practice.
Fourfold amplification of solitary-wave Mach reflection at a vertical wall
Authors: Knowles Jeffrey , Yeh Harry 
Published: January 2019

With the use of a higher-order Euler formulation, we numerically study the reflection of an obliquely incident solitary wave at a vertical wall and compare results with the higher-order Kadomtsev–Petviashvili theory. A maximum amplification of 3.91 is achieved along the wall, nearly realizing the fourfold prediction by Miles (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 79 (1), 1977, pp. 171–179).
Effect of Interlayer on the Elastic-Plastic Deformation of Coating Systems
Authors: Guo Y. X. , Zhao Y. W. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThe finite element method (FEM) was used to study the elastic-plastic contact in the coating systems with interlayer. The results reveal that with the increase of interlayer thickness, the maximum shear stress of coating/interlayer and interlayer/substrate interfaces decreases. Moreover, the sharply changed shear stress between the interfaces of coating/interlayer and interlayer/substrate decreases too. There is no further decrease when interlayer thickness increase to 0.04 mm and above. With the increasing of interlayer elastic modulus, the shear stress of coating/interlayer interface decreases while the shear stress of interlayer/substrate interface increases. Meanwhile, the higher elastic modulus leads to the intensive tensile stress concentration on the interface of coating/interlayer. Hence, the interlayer with appropriate elastic modulus not only reduces the shear stress of coating/interlayer and interlayer/substrate interfaces but also decreases the tensile stress of coating/interlayer interface. The mechanical properties of coating systems were investigated with different interlayer yield strength. The effective hardness and elastic modulus increase with the increase of interlayer yield strength, which is good to protect the substrate from the deformation. In addition, higher indentation load can lead to the decrease of effective hardness and elastic modulus.
Anatomy for All: Medical Knowledge on the Fairground inFin-de-SiècleVienna
Authors: George Alys X. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent scholarship on the history of science and medicine has begun to consider the diversity of sites, markets, and audiences for scientific knowledge. This article investigates a single publicly accessible location: Vienna's Prater park. At a time when the Second Vienna Medical School led the world in anatomy and pathology, two case studies demonstrate how knowledge about human anatomy entered thefin-de-siècleViennese public sphere in a noninstitutional setting. Josef Hyrtl, an anatomist, and Hermann Präuscher, a showman, employed targeted marketing strategies for their anatomical preparations to facilitate the circulation of anatomical knowledge among the socially diverse audiences that congregated on the fairground. Examining how anatomy was visualized and discursively constructed, alongside questions of site, accessibility, and audience response, sheds light on a pivotal historical moment when the meaning of the human body was undergoing significant transformation in Austrian society.
Interoceptive deficits, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicide risk: a multi-sample study of indirect effects
Authors: Hagan Christopher R. , Rogers Megan L. , Brausch Amy M. , Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundInteroceptive deficits (ID) have been associated with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and suicidal behavior in multiple studies. Many of these studies are limited in scope, and have not fully examined possible mechanisms explaining how ID affect suicidal behavior.MethodsThis study assesses how self-reported ID relate to suicide ideation and attempts in six distinct and geographically diverse samples of adults (n= 2706) and one sample of adolescents (n= 436). Participants responded to a variety of self-report questionnaires and interviews.ResultsContrary to our hypothesis, self-reported ID were only associated with suicidal ideation in two samples, one of which was the adolescent sample. Largely consistent with our predictions, self-reported ID exhibited an indirect effect on suicide attempts through versatility of NSSI in four of the five adult samples tested. Finally, the indirect effects of self-reported ID on suicide attempts through NSSI versatility did not act indirectly through behaviorally assessed pain tolerance.ConclusionsWe found that, in adults, self-reported ID are not associated with suicidal ideation, but are connected with a history of suicide attempts, through an indirect effect via NSSI. Our findings also indicate that the mechanism of action leading from self-reported ID to suicidal behavior may differ between adolescents and adults, and relate to suicidal behavior independent of pain tolerance. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
MÁS ALLÁ DE PAMPLONA (NUEVA GRANADA): CIRCUITOS CACAOTEROS DEL SUROCCIDENTE DURANTE LA TRANSICIÓN, 1790-1821
Authors: Granados Oscar , Pinto José Joaquín 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article seeks to analyze the cocoa circuits during the final years of the Viceroyalty of New Granada, the transition towards independence and the beginning of the world cocoa crisis in 1820. Added to the traditional circuits of Guayaquil and Maracaibo linked with Pamplona, the article identifies circuits that were speculated to exist in the southwest of New Granada, but because they did not move large volumes, they were not considered for production statistics. These small productions supplied the domestic market, also exported or integrated into circuits from other places that had better interactions in international markets. It is not a microhistory of cocoa in remote regions, it is the history of a cocoa overshadowed by the visibility of others.
OP02 Real-World Experience For Health Technology Assessment In Hospitals
Authors: Tal Orna , Tal Inbal 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:Health technology assessment (HTA) is scientifically incorporating the demand, effectiveness and expedience of adopting innovative technologies, supported by evidence-based medicine. The rapid development of innovations led to an accelerated need to comprehend their benefit and satisfaction through actual utilization. ‘Real World’ Experience (RWE) in action is a source for collecting information through practice that has not yet been formally published. The target is to identify challenges and barriers in adoption, considerations on significant investment and local adjustment. This study aimed to assess the benefit of RWE as a tool for gathering information understanding and evaluating new technologies as candidates for public funding.Methods:Twelve new technologies were assessed by 36 technology-assessors from the Ministry of Health (MOH) and the hospital, and were ranked using two scales: (i) the contribution of using RWE to benefit the assessment mechanism, and (ii) the perceptual “value” of the technology.Results:Analyzing the contribution of RWE to HTA, 67 percent of the technologies reviewed were recommended for adoption. Low RWE ranking correlated with a decision to reject technology adoption. The most important “value” among all assessors on RWE was “innovation”, and among hospital assessors, the parameter “local adjustment” was cardinal. MOH assessors highlighted RWE to increase knowledge of regulators to encourage adoption. The aspect relating to economic burden received only medium ranking.Conclusions:RWE provides an essential contribution to HTA throughout all stages in the life of the technology, especially at early phases. It is an important methodology to gather evidence from the ongoing experience of clinicians, increasing awareness towards promising innovations and amplifying the confidence of decision-making. In this new era of HTA, new concepts arise on the horizon: multi-dimensional evaluations. Expert opinion and RWE are paving the way towards better understanding of beneficial technologies, even in the absence of formal published evidence.
OP20 When Are Nationally Available Discounts Introduced In NICE Appraisals
Authors: Noon Kathleen , Painter Christopher , Montgomery Stephen 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:Offering a nationally available discount has become common to increase the chance of being recommended by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE). This study reviewed all NICE technology appraisals (TAs) since October 2007 to determine whether a national available discount was submitted, and explore when these discounts were introduced.Methods:All TAs between October 2007 and August 2017 were reviewed. The timing of the nationally available discount submission was allocated into one of four categories: initially submitted; initially submitted but changed; introduced after submission; or, other discount. An analysis was conducted to examine whether there was a temporal pattern in the introduction of nationally available discounts before or after January 2014, when the current Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) came into effect.Results:Before 1 January 2014, a nationally available discount was only used in the minority of cases across recommended (22 percent of cases) and not recommended (19 percent) technologies. In the period since 1 January 2014, use of a nationally available discount increased overall, but to a greater degree in technologies ultimately receiving a positive recommendation from NICE (not recommended: 19 percent to 39 percent; recommended: 22 percent to 59 percent). In the period since 1 January 2014, the proportion of technologies with a positive recommendation where implicit price flexibility during the appraisal was revealed increased (from 20/186) to 40/182.Conclusions:With the current PPRS, the majority of technologies have offered a nationally available discount, most commonly at the time of submission; however, there is increasing evidence of implicit price flexibility during the appraisal process to achieve a positive recommendation.
OP29 The Impact Of Individual Patient Input; Strengthening The Evidence
Authors: Livingstone Heidi , Kastoryano Chloe , Thomas Lizzie , Verdiel Vassilia , Harris Kevin , Leng Gillian 
Published: January 2019

Introduction:The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) assesses the efficacy and safety of interventional procedures for use in the National Health Service (NHS). Since 2006, NICE's Public Involvement Programme (PIP) has obtained ‘patient commentary’ to inform committee decisions, using a questionnaire asking patients about their experience of the procedure including benefits, disadvantages and side effects. Commentary is considered by the committee alongside other evidence. The PIP has piloted a project to: capture the impact of the patient commentary on the committee's decision-making; explore patterns of impact; and identify criteria that indicate when patient commentary may not be required.Methods:The pilot included all interventional procedures guidance started between February 2016 and February 2017. Committee members’ views were captured using a form completed whenever patient commentary was considered. Responses were anonymized, entered into an electronic system, analyzed, and correlated against ‘committee comments’ in the published guidance. After twelve months, there was an unrepresentatively narrow spread of conditions, and most topics were updating previously published guidance rather than novel topics. The pilot was therefore extended by six months.Results:Patient commentary commonly had an impact on decision-making; however, no discernible patterns have yet been identified, nor criteria for when it may not be required. Key findings were: (i) patient commentary is equally useful for guidance updates as novel guidance, and (ii) interpretation and assessment of ‘impact’ varied across committee members but the majority agreed it reinforced the other evidence.Conclusions:Patient commentary has a measurable impact on committee decision-making. Very occasionally it provides new evidence and routinely provides reassurance that the published evidence is substantiated by real-world patient opinion. Measuring the impact of commentary seems to have raised its profile, with more committee comments about patient issues included in guidance during the pilot than in preceding years. The project needs to be extended to identify which procedures are least likely to benefit from patient commentary and why.