bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on Johansen's rank conditions and the Jordan form of a matrix
Authors: Franchi Massimo 
Published: October 2024

This note presents insights on the Jordan structure of a matrix which are derived from an extension of the and conditions in Johansen (1996). It is first observed that these conditions not only characterize, as it is well known, the size (1 or 2) of the largest Jordan block in the Jordan form of the companion matrix but more generally the geometric multiplicities, the algebraic multiplicities and the whole Jordan structure for eigenvalues of index 1 or 2. In the context of the Granger representation theorem, this means that the Johansen rank conditions do more than determine the order of integration of the process. It is then shown that an extension of these conditions leads to the characterization of the Jordan structure of any matrix.
Chinese Weaponry in Contemporary Middle Eastern Conflicts
Authors: Jia Yingliang , Parto Amin , Dadparvar Shabnam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article examines the role of Chinese armaments in recent Middle Eastern conflicts, showing that although their use has increased over the past decade, they remain less numerous or significant compared to those from the United States and Russia. Chinese‐made weapons have been used in conflicts in Gaza, Syria, Yemen, Libya, and Lebanon due to affordability, streamlined procurement processes, and improved quality. China's critics have alleged that it has played a negative role in these conflicts through proliferation, claims that Beijing has consistently denied. This research investigates the accuracy of these charges and assesses whether China's role should be considered prominent. The study examines weapons that have been used in five ongoing regional conflicts, including the Gaza war. It finds that, unlike Washington and Moscow, which have deliberately transferred military equipment to the region, China has avoided intentionally directing armaments to Middle Eastern conflict zones. Instead, Chinese arms have been redistributed by third parties. The analysis concludes that China's strategy of balancing its relationships across states in conflict has limited the amount of its weapons in the region and kept the impact of those armaments to a minimum.
Development of the compliance with mechanical ventilator scale in: A validity and reliability study
Authors: Pazar Berrin , Savas Hafize , Turgut Sadık , Dal Hayriye Cankar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundMechanical ventilation is a widely used treatment modality in cardiac surgery intensive care units (ICUs), especially for patients requiring respiratory support during postoperative management.AimThe aim of this study was to define the process of developing a scale to assess adherence to mechanical ventilation in cardiac surgery patients and to assess the validity and reliability of the scale.Study designThis is a scale development and scale validation study. The study was conducted with 222 patients between April and September 2023. In the first stage, face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with seven nurses. Based on the literature review and content analysis of the interviews, the researchers created an item pool. In the second stage, the validity and reliability of the Mechanical Ventilator Compliance Scale in cardiac surgery patients were assessed. The scale was developed to be used by nurses working in cardiac surgery ICUs.ResultsThe first 36‐item scale was subjected to content validity assessment by 14 experts. It was revised according to the experts' feedback and a content validity criterion of 0.83 was obtained. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good fit values for the scale (χ2/SD = 3.09, GFI = 0.90, AGFI = 0.90, CFI = 0.91, RMSEA = 0.06, and RMR = 0.07). Test‐retest analysis to assess the reliability of the scale showed good agreement between responses over time (ICC: 0.932; p < .001). Cronbach's alpha values for the scale and its subscales, behavioural and physical responses were 0.956, 0.949 and 0.912, respectively.ConclusionsThe study findings indicate that the scale is a reliable and valid tool for assessing mechanical ventilator compliance in cardiac surgery patients.Relevance for Clinical PracticeThis study provides nurses in cardiac surgery intensive care units with a measurement tool to objectively assess patients' compliance with mechanical ventilation therapy. The scale provides more reliable results by preventing subjective judgement and estimation in patient assessment.
Microstructures and properties of AlZnMgCu alloys refined by nano Al3Ti‐TiB2‐AlN‐TiN/Al inoculant ribbons
Authors: Wang Qian , Li Fanfan , Cui Chunxiang , Wu Dayong , Ma Haikun , Kang Jie , Dong Huicong , Su Ru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNano Al3Ti‐TiB2‐AlN‐TiN/Al inoculant ribbons containing a large number of evenly distributed nanoparticles, such as Al3Ti (sized about 300 nm), TiB2 (sized about 100 nm), AlN (sized about 150 nm), and TiN (sized about 200 nm), were prepared by vacuum rapid quenching furnace to refine AlZnMgCu alloys. The nano Al3Ti‐TiB2‐AlN‐TiN/Al inoculant ribbons showed an excellent inoculant effect, which modified the dendrite crystals to equiaxed crystals and refined the grains from 122 ± 4 µm to 36 ± 5 µm by the addition of 0.3 wt% nano Al3Ti‐TiB2‐AlN‐TiN/Al inoculant ribbons. In addition to nano Al3Ti and TiB2 particles, nano AlN and TiN particles also have a certain orientation relationship with α‐Al, which suggests that these particles possess nucleation potency to α‐Al. After inoculation with 0.3% nano Al3Ti‐TiB2‐AlN‐TiN/Al inoculant ribbons, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and average microhardness of the AlZnMgCu alloys increased from 246 MPa, 79 MPa, and 112 HV to 319 MPa, 100 MPa, and 136 HV, or by 29.7%, 26.6% and 21.4%, respectively.
Cognitive Biases in Street‐Level Resolutions: The Case of Multiple Claims in Tax Disputes
Authors: Gershgoren Sagi , Edri‐Peer Ofek , Cohen Nissim 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCognitive biases are an integral part of human conduct. However, we know little about how such biases affect street‐level bureaucrats' decision‐making. Without such an understanding, we might not have a complete picture about how street‐level bureaucrats make decisions. This incomplete picture can lead to the faulty implementation of public policy. This study focuses on cognitive biases that can impact decision‐makers faced with multiple claims. Using real‐world rulings made over 15 years by lower court judges in civil tax disputes, the findings reveal a positive association between the making of multiple claims by citizens in disputes with the state and the deciders' tendency to rule in their favor, especially when the ruling can be appealed. The findings also imply that the presentation of multiple claims can better the citizens' odds of receiving a favorable ruling. Policymakers who want to avoid such outcomes should take this factor into consideration.
In thermotolerance tests of tropical tree leaves, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm measured soon after heat exposure is not a reliable predictor of tissue necrosis
Authors: Winter K. , Krüger Nuñez C. R. , Slot M. , Virgo A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tropical rainforests are hot and may be particularly sensitive to ongoing anthropogenic global warming. This has led to increased interest in the thermotolerance of tropical trees.
Thermotolerance of leaves of two tropical tree species, Terminalia catappa and Coccoloba uvifera, was determined by exposing leaf samples to 15‐min heat treatments, followed by measurements of potential photosystem II quantum yield (dark‐adapted value of variable/maximum chlorophyll a fluorescence, Fv/Fm) after 24 h and 14 days, and visible damage (necrosis) after 14 days.
T50 (24 h), the temperature at which Fv/Fm declined by 50% 24 h after heat treatments, was associated with only ~10% leaf area damage in C. uvifera and no damage in T. catappa. In neither species was leaf necrosis observed at T5 (24 h), the temperature at which Fv/Fm declined by 5%. In both species, temperatures significantly higher than T50 (24 h) were required for 50% leaf area necrosis to occur. T50 (14 days) was a better proxy of visible leaf damage than T50 (24 h).
The relationship between heat‐induced Fv/Fm decline and tissue necrosis varies among species. In species surveys of leaf thermal tolerances, calibration of the Fv/Fm assay against the necrosis test is recommended for each species under investigation. Fv/Fm measurements soon after heat exposure do not reliably predict irreversible heat damage and may thus not be suitable to model and predict the thermostability of tropical forest trees.
Regulatory effect of pipecolic acid (Pip) on the antioxidant system activity of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants exposed to bacterial treatment
Authors: Gula Emilia , Dziurka Michał , Hordyńska Natalia , Libik‐Konieczny Marta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe presented study aims to elucidate the regulatory role of Pipecolic acid (Pip) in modulating the antioxidant system activity of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants exposed to Pseudomonas syringae infestation. M. crystallinum, known for its semi‐halophytic nature, can transition its metabolism from C3 to CAM under salt stress conditions. The research encompasses the antioxidant system of the plants, covering both enzymatic and low molecular weight components. The findings indicate that Pip supplementation confers a beneficial effect on certain elements of the antioxidant system when the plants are subjected to stress induced by bacteria. Notably, during critical periods, particularly in the initial days post‐bacterial treatment, M. crystallinum plants supplemented with Pip and exhibiting C3 metabolism display heightened total antioxidant capacity. This enhancement includes increased superoxide dismutase activity and elevated levels of glutathione and proline. However, in plants with salinity‐induced CAM, where these parameters are naturally higher, the supplementation of Pip does not yield significant effects. These results validate the hypothesis that the regulatory influence of Pip on defence mechanisms against biotic stress is contingent upon the metabolic state of the plant. Furthermore, this regulatory effect is more pronounced in C3 plants of M. crystallinum than those undergoing CAM metabolism induced by salinity stress.
Tree species and drought: Two mysterious long‐standing counterparts
Authors: Cisse El Hadji Malick , Pascual Lidia S. , Gajanayake K. Bandara , Yang Fan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAround 252 million years ago (Late Permian), Earth experienced one of its most significant drought periods, coinciding with a global climate crisis, resulting in a devastating loss of forest trees with no hope of recovery. In the current epoch (Anthropocene), the worsening of drought stress is expected to significantly affect forest communities. Despite extensive efforts, there is significantly less research at the molecular level on forest trees than on annual crop species. Would it not be wise to allocate equal efforts to woody species, regardless of their importance in providing essential furniture and sustaining most terrestrial ecosystems? For instance, the poplar genome is roughly quadruple the size of the Arabidopsis genome and has 1.6 times the number of genes. Thus, a massive effort in genomic studies focusing on forest trees has become inevitable to understand their adaptation to harsh conditions. Nevertheless, with the emerging role and development of high‐throughput DNA sequencing systems, there is a growing body of literature about the responses of trees under drought at the molecular and eco‐physiological levels. Therefore, synthesizing these findings through contextualizing drought history and concepts is essential to understanding how woody species adapt to water‐limited conditions. Comprehensive genomic research on trees is critical for preserving biodiversity and ecosystem function. Integrating molecular insights with eco‐physiological analysis will enhance forest management under climate change.
Before the ink dries? Creators misjudge idea thieves' preferences for early‐stage ideas
Authors: Ellis Lillien M. , Lucas Brian J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the knowledge‐based economy, creative ideas are becoming increasingly valuable. However, creators often encounter the threat of idea theft, which can discourage them from sharing their ideas and receiving vital feedback. This article explores the psychology behind creators' attempts to strategically manage idea sharing. Across three studies, we find that creators mispredict the preferences of idea thieves, such that idea thieves prefer to steal ideas in earlier stages of development than creators expect. We find this difference is driven by creators' tendency to underestimate how much idea thieves attend to moral concerns while deciding when to steal an idea. Further, we show that these mispredictions are consequential because they influence the stage at which creators choose to share their ideas for feedback.
Integrative description of Grevenius annulatus (Eutardigrada, Isohypsibioidea) from North‐West Russia with new data on the species cuticular structure leads to the institution of a new genus
Authors: Tumanov Denis V. , Shunatova Natalia N. , Fedyuk Ksenia A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe phylogenetic position of the tardigrade species Grevenius annulatus was clarified using specimens from North‐West Russia. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed close affinity of this species with the family Isohypsibiidae. At the same time, its isolated position within this clade, supported by a set of unique morphological and biological characters, prompted the distinguishing of a new genus Cucumibius gen. nov. A new genus Chilibius gen. nov. was also established for Isohypsibius sculptus. We provide a detailed description of the ultrastructure of C. annulatus comb. nov. body cuticle. The newly discovered presence of a complex cuticle of the ‘heterotardigrade type’ in the superfamily Isohypsibioidea is discussed.
Biology, function and structure of the calcium homeostasis modulator family
Authors: Polfer Rachel , Furukawa Hiro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCalcium homeostasis modulators (CALHMs) are the most recently discovered members of the large‐pore channel family. They mediate the conductance of ions and larger molecules, such as ATP, and play critical roles in pathways related to Alzheimer's disease, neuroinflammation, neuromodulation, taste perception and innate immune responses. Since the inaugural report on CALHM1 in 2008, significant breakthroughs have revealed their biological roles, ion and ATP channel functions, and structures, positioning the field for further advancements. In this review, we discuss the overall progress and recent developments in understanding the biological roles, functions and molecular structures of CALHM proteins.
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Thermal Hydraulic Performance and Characteristics of a Microchannel Heat Exchanger: Experimental and Numerical Investigations
Authors: Pandey Vishwas Kumar , Choudhary Vishwjeet , Ranganayakulu Chennu , A. M. Aneesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper presents extensive fluid flow and Heat Transfer studies conducted through an experimental setup followed by a detailed three-dimensional (3D) numerical analysis of the same setup using a commercial package for computational fluid dynamics (CFD), known as cfd-ace® for additive-manufactured counterflow AlSi10 Mg microchannel heat exchangers (MCHEs). A detailed 3D computational model of the experimentally tested MCHEs was built and analyzed using the commercial software cfd-ace® for the same experimentally tested operating conditions. The computational model results are in good agreement with experimental data of tested MCHE within +2% to +7% and ∼0% to −13.5% variation for cold and hot fluids for the entire set of design of experiments (DoEs). This percentage disagreement may be due to various factors, such as manufacturing deviation within tolerance, longitudinal conduction, variation in the thermal conductivity of the material after heat treatment, variation in environmental temperature, sensor deviation, and surface roughness of internal channels. Instead of Stainless steel (SST), AlSi10 Mg was used because of its lower manufacturing cost because AlSi10 Mg was lighter than SST, though its thermal conductivity is almost ∼8–10 times more than that of SST. A higher thermal conductivity is not good for MCHEs because it leads to higher longitudinal conduction, which eventually degrades the performance of MCHEs in terms of effectiveness. MCHE effectiveness is also reduced by ∼12% to 18% owing to longitudinal conduction from ideal effectiveness.
Investigating the Suitability of Cu2ZnSnS4 Thin Films for Gamma Radiation Dosimetry Applications in Nonmedical Environments
Authors: Obasi Chidiebere Ogonnaya , Ahmad Abubakar Soje , Okoroh Doris O. , Obi Echezona Simon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The need for the replacement of cadmium, indium, and tellurium in their compounds for sensor applications is a novel study. The copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4) thin films were synthesized from Cu (99.99%), Sn (99.99%), and Zn (99.99%) using the thermal evaporation method. The same volumetric parameters were maintained throughout the synthesis process. The films were further irradiated using an isotope of cesium-137 (Cs-137) from a gamma source at different doses (0–0.6 kGy) and dose rates of 0.1007 Gy/h at room temperature. Both the pristine (0 kGy) and irradiated (0.1, 0.3, and 0.6 kGy) films were characterized with a Raman spectroscope, a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with the JEOL JSM-7600F model, energy dispersive X-rays (EDX), an ultraviolet–visible–near infrared (UV–Vis–NIR) spectroscope, and four-point probe techniques. The Raman results confirmed that all the films for both pristine and irradiated films have a main and secondary phases. The EDX results showed that the pristine and 0.1 kGy films were Cu-rich films, while the 0.3 kGy and 0.6 kGy films turned out to be Zn-rich films with an increase in gamma radiation dose. The optical properties of all the films showed also that the band gap decreased from 1.6 to 1.48±0.03 eV for the pristine and irradiated films, while the electrical resistivity results decreased as the gamma radiation dose increased. However, as the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films responded linearly with the increasing gamma radiation dose, this suggests the usefulness and possibility of designing a new solid-state sensor for dosimetry applications to replace cadmium telluride (CdTe) and copper indium gallium sulfide (CIGS) thin films.
Experimental Study on Liquid Jet Trajectory in Cross Flow of Swirling Air at Elevated Pressure Condition
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sikroria Tushar , Kushari Abhijit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Motivated by fuel atomization applications in gas turbine combustors, this paper presents an experimental examination of liquid jet trajectory and spray dynamics in crossflow of swirling air, at elevated pressure conditions. The study was conducted within an annular passage and was focused on momentum flux ratio and swirl number as the main parameters. The momentum flux ratio was varied from 2 to 25 through incremental adjustments to the liquid injection velocity and the swirl number values of 0.42 and 0.74 were used, representing typical gas turbine fuel atomization conditions. The jet trajectories were captured by imaging the three-dimensional (3D) helical path traced by the liquid jet using two mutually perpendicular optical windows. Radial penetration was quantified by solving the equations of a helix. The key findings revealed that radial penetration of the liquid jet is larger for higher momentum flux ratios and is influenced by the helical arc length. Notably, the radial penetration observed at low momentum flux ratios was larger for crossflow with lower swirl number and the radial penetration observed at high momentum flux ratios was more for crossflows with higher swirl number. In comparison to the spray characteristics in swirling crossflows at atmospheric pressure, condition of elevated gaseous pressure resulted in lower radial penetration, jet spread and jet area. The jet trajectory correlations for elevated pressure conditions are additionally presented, developed using curve fitting to the experimental data, which will be useful to the industry for estimation of spray trajectory in swirling crossflows at elevated pressure conditions.
Modeling Backlash-Like Hysteresis and Feedforward Control of Tendon−Sheath Mechanism Pair with Arbitrary Shape: Excluding Distal Sensory Input
Authors: Hong Junho , Hong Daehie , Kim Chanwoo , Won Seong Hyeon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The tendon−sheath mechanism (TSM) has garnered attention for its versatile applications in soft robotics, robotic hands, and surgical robots due to its adeptness in transmitting force through tortuous and narrow channels. However, the precise control of the TSM is challenging due to its shape-dependent deformation and force generation, highlighting the need to address shape variations in dynamic environments where direct measurement is impractical. This article introduces a novel methodology leveraging the concept of the equivalent circle in TSM to model its shape under varying conditions. The equivalent circle substitutes an arbitrarily shaped TSM with a circle, whose radius is derived from TSM's deformation and forces measured at the proximal end during calibration. This approach provides a concise and effective framework for understanding and analyzing the distinct characteristics of TSM. Additionally, a control strategy is proposed, utilizing the estimated equivalent circle to adapt to dynamic environments. Experimental results demonstrate promising performance without distal end sensory feedback, with mean percentage errors (MPE) of 0.78% and 2.33% for predicting cumulated curve angle and equivalent circle radius, respectively. Moreover, by utilizing the equivalent circle to calculate and feedforward deadband, effective control is achieved. The root mean square error (RMSE) reduced from 1.31 mm to an average of 0.19 mm in two feedforward experiments, representing an average reduction of 85.5%. These findings shed light on effective control strategies for TSM, offering valuable insights for robotics and surgical applications where TSM shape configurations are uncertain and subject to dynamic change.