bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Structural Characterization, and H2 Evolution Study of a Spheroid‐Shape Hydride‐Rich Copper Nanocluster
Authors: Dhayal Rajendra S. , Chen Hsuan‐Ping , Liao Jian‐Hong , van Zyl Werner E. , Liu C. W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study reports on new bis‐2‐butyl dithiophosphate‐stabilized polyhydrido copper nanoclusters, [Cu32(H)20{S2P(O2Bu)2}12], 1H, and [Cu20H11{S2P(O2Bu)2}9], 2H. The clusters 1H and 2H have been characterized by a variety of techniques including multinuclear NMR (1H, 2H, 31P), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), and low temperature X‐ray crystallography. The presence of hydride ligands was supported by the 2H NMR spectrum of the deuteride analogs [Cu32(D)20{S2P(O2Bu)2)12], 1D and [Cu20D11{S2P(O2Bu)2}9], 2D. The metal skeleton of 1H revealed that a hexacapped rhombohedron of fourteen copper atoms was sandwiched between two sets of eighteen (9x2) copper atoms in a cup shape and the entire cluster is an elongated triangular gyrobicupola. The metal core is stabilized by 20 hydride ligands via various (μ3, μ4, μ5)‐H coordination modes and 12 dithiophosphate ligands coordinated either in tetrametallic tetraconnective (η4: μ2, μ2) or trimetallic tetraconnective (η3: μ2, μ2) patterns. The structural motif of 2H showed fascinating correlations with 1H having an elongated triangular orthobicupola framework of eighteen (9x2) copper atoms with an encapsulated linear Cu2 unit along the C3 axis and protected by 11 (μ3, μ4)‐H and 9 dithiophosphate ligands in a tetrametallic tetraconnective (η4: μ2, μ2) mode. The isopropyl derivatives, [Cu32(H)20{S2P(OiPr)2}12], 3H and [Cu20(H)11{S2P(OiPr)2}9], 4H, were used to study H2 evolution under different physico‐chemical conditions and proved to be excellent models for hydrogen storage materials. Additionally, following H2 evolution under sunlight irradiation, mild thermolysis (∼60 oC) and acidification, cluster 3H converted into [Cu8(H){S2P(OiPr)2}6]+, 5H. Intriguingly 5H can react with Cu+ salt in the presence of [BH4]− and re‐form 3H. Cluster 4H also reproducibly re‐formed via the reaction between 5H and [BH4]− from which a continuous cycle of cluster conversion and H2 evolution is proposed. Rhombus‐shaped copper nanoparticles fabricated from further reductions of 3H and 4H showed the intermediary role of metal hydrides in the formation of metal nanoparticles under wet chemical methods.
Engineering a pH‐Sensitive Liposomal MRI Agent by Modification of a Bacterial Channel
Authors: Yang Li‐Min , Zheng Hui , Ratnakar James S. , Adebesin Bukola Y. , Do Quyen N. , Kovacs Zoltan , Blount Paul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMscL is a bacterial mechanosensitive channel that serves as a cellular emergency release valve, protecting the cell from lysis upon a drop in external osmolarity. The channel has an extremely large pore (30 Å) and can be purified and reconstituted into artificial membranes. Moreover, MscL is modified to open in response to alternative external stimuli including changes in pH. These properties suggest this channel's potential as a triggered “nanopore” for localized release of vesicular contents such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and drugs. Toward this end, several variants of pH‐triggered MscL nanovalves are engineered. Stealth vesicles previously been shown to evade normal in vivo clearance and passively accumulate in inflamed and malignant tissues are reconstituted. These vesicles are loaded with 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid gadolinium complex (Gd‐DOTA), an MRI contrast reagent, and the resulting nanodevices tested for their ability to release Gd‐DOTA as evidenced by enhancement of the longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) of the bulk water proton spins. Nanovalves that are responsive to physiological pH changes are identified, but differ in sensitivity and efficacy, thus giving an array of nanovalves that could potentially be useful in different settings. These triggered nanodevices may be useful in delivering both diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
Multicloud service composition: A survey of current approaches and issues
Authors: Lahmar Fatma , Mezni Haithem 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuring the last decade, cloud computing became a natural choice to host and provide various computing resources as on‐demand services. To better satisfy user requirements, cloud services may be combined while considering the constraints of the virtualized environment, including security policies, resources availability, and interoperability. Extensive surveys have been conducted to study the major issues related to the cloud service composition problem. However, very few works have studied such issues in a multicloud setting. To fill this gap, we provide in this paper a systematic literature review on multicloud service composition. We start with a background on service composition in single clouds. Then, we present the multicloud taxonomy, and we study how service composition was tackled by researchers in multicloud environments. Finally, we identify the challenges and the requirements of multicloud service composition, as well as the future directions.
1D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Micro/Nanocrystals: Fabrication, Assembly, and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Xu Xiuzhen , Zhang Xiujuan , Deng Wei , Jie Jiansheng , Zhang Xiaohong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract1D perovskite micro/nanocrystals (1D PMCs) have captured the interest of scientists because they have fascinating properties and many potential technological applications. In comparison to polycrystalline perovskite films, 1D PMCs with well‐defined crystal structures possess larger carrier mobilities, higher photoluminescence quantum yields, and longer carrier diffusion lengths, making them an attractive system for both fundamental research and device applications. Here, recent developments in the controllable fabrication of 1D PMCs with excellent optoelectronic properties are described. Special attention is paid to methods for the aligned/patterned assembly of 1D PMCs, including evaporation‐induced self‐assembly, meniscus‐assisted self‐assembly, confinement self‐assembly, and template‐guided self‐assembly methods. Recent progress in the use of 1D PMCs in photodetectors, lasers, light‐emitting diodes, and solar cells is also reviewed. Finally, the challenges and outlook of 1D PMCs in future device applications are presented.
Computational Screening of 2D Materials and Rational Design of Heterojunctions for Water Splitting Photocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Zihe , Wu Dihua , Zhang Xin , Zhao Xudong , Zhou Zhen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAs the energy crisis and environmental issues become increasingly serious, photocatalytic water splitting has received extensive attention as a promising method for the production of clean energy. However, available photocatalysts still have a long way to go. In light of the inherent advantages of 2D materials, reducing the thickness of nanosheets to monolayers is an effective strategy to achieve high photocatalytic activity. In this work, over 50 000 inorganic compounds from the Materials Project Database are screened, and 205 layered materials are obtained as candidates for water splitting photocatalysts. By exfoliating those layered materials and further examination, 36 kinds of 2D monolayers with validated stability and appropriate band edge position are achieved. To further enhance the photocatalytic activity, type‐II van der Waals heterostructures are fabricated according to structure and band edge position, and show ideal band edge positions with effective spatial separation of electrons and holes. From layered materials to 2D monolayers and then to type‐II heterojunctions, a high‐throughput computational materials design framework is proposed to gradually enhance the quantum efficiency and performance for photocatalytic water splitting. This screening algorithm exhibits excellent credibility and feasibility, and meanwhile provides substantial candidate catalysts for consequent experimental investigations on photocatalytic water splitting.
Conductivity of two‐dimensional composites with randomly distributed elliptical inclusions
Authors: Mityushev V. , Rylko N. , Bryła M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnalytical approximate formulae for the effective conductivity tensor of the two‐dimensional composites with elliptical inclusions are derived in the form of polynomial approximations in concentration. New formulae explain the seeming contradiction between various formulae derived in the framework of self consistent methods. Random composites with high conducting inclusions of two different shapes (elliptical and circle) of the same area are compared. It is established that greater relative concentration of ellipses increases the effective conductivity.
Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide rescues learning and memory impairments in a triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease by exerting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects
Authors: Scuderi Caterina , Bronzuoli Maria Rosanna , Facchinetti Roberta , Pace Lorenzo , Ferraro Luca , Broad Kevin Donald , Serviddio Gaetano , Bellanti Francesco , Palombelli Gianmauro , Carpinelli Giulia , Canese Rossella , Gaetani Silvana , Steardo Luca , Steardo Luca , Cassano Tommaso 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn an aging society, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exerts an increasingly serious health and economic burden. Current treatments provide inadequate symptomatic relief as several distinct pathological processes are thought to underlie the decline of cognitive and neural function seen in AD. This suggests that the efficacy of treatment requires a multitargeted approach. In this context, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) provides a novel potential adjunct therapy that can be incorporated into a multitargeted treatment strategy. We used young (6-month-old) and adult (12-month-old) 3×Tg-AD mice that received ultramicronized PEA (um-PEA) for 3 months via a subcutaneous delivery system. Mice were tested with a range of cognitive and noncognitive tasks, scanned with magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRI/MRS), and neurochemical release was assessed by microdialysis. Potential neuropathological mechanisms were assessed postmortem by western blot, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. Our data demonstrate that um-PEA improves learning and memory, and ameliorates both the depressive and anhedonia-like phenotype of 3×Tg-AD mice. Moreover, it reduces Aβ formation, the phosphorylation of tau proteins, and promotes neuronal survival in the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. Finally, um-PEA normalizes astrocytic function, rebalances glutamatergic transmission, and restrains neuroinflammation. The efficacy of um-PEA is particularly potent in younger mice, suggesting its potential as an early treatment. These data demonstrate that um-PEA is a novel and effective promising treatment for AD with the potential to be integrated into a multitargeted treatment strategy in combination with other drugs. Um-PEA is already registered for human use. This, in combination with our data, suggests the potential to rapidly proceed to clinical use.
DISC1 regulates lactate metabolism in astrocytes: implications for psychiatric disorders
Authors: Jouroukhin Yan , Kageyama Yusuke , Misheneva Varvara , Shevelkin Alexey , Andrabi Shaida , Prandovszky Emese , Yolken Robert H. , Dawson Valina L. , Dawson Ted M. , Aja Susan , Sesaki Hiromi , Pletnikov Mikhail V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOur knowledge of how genetic risk variants contribute to psychiatric disease is mainly limited to neurons. However, the mechanisms whereby the same genetic risk factors could affect the physiology of glial cells remain poorly understood. We studied the role of a psychiatric genetic risk factor, Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1), in metabolic functions of astrocytes. We evaluated the effects of knockdown of mouse endogenous DISC1 (DISC1-KD) and expression of a dominant-negative, C-terminus truncated human DISC1 (DN-DISC1) on the markers of energy metabolism, including glucose uptake and lactate production, in primary astrocytes and in mice with selective expression of DN-DISC1 in astrocytes. We also assessed the effects of lactate treatment on altered affective behaviors and impaired spatial memory in DN-DISC1 mice. Both DISC1-KD and DN-DISC1 comparably decreased mRNA and protein levels of glucose transporter 4 and glucose uptake by primary astrocytes. Decreased glucose uptake was associated with reduced oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis as well as diminished lactate production in vitro and in vivo. No significant effects of DISC1 manipulations in astrocytes were observed on expression of the subunits of the electron transport chain complexes or mitofilin, a neuronal DISC1 partner. Lactate treatment rescued the abnormal behaviors in DN-DISC1 male and female mice. Our results suggest that DISC1 may be involved in the regulation of lactate production in astrocytes to support neuronal activity and associated behaviors. Abnormal expression of DISC1 in astrocytes and resulting abnormalities in energy supply may be responsible for aspects of mood and cognitive disorders observed in patients with major psychiatric illnesses.
Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and measured domains of cognition in individuals with psychosis and controls
Authors: Shafee Rebecca , Nanda Pranav , Padmanabhan Jaya L. , Tandon Neeraj , Alliey-Rodriguez Ney , Kalapurakkel Sreeja , Weiner Daniel J. , Gur Raquel E. , Keefe Richard S. E. , Hill Scot K. , Bishop Jeffrey R. , Clementz Brett A. , Tamminga Carol A. , Gershon Elliot S. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Sweeney John A. , McCarroll Steven A. , Robinson Elise B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPsychotic disorders including schizophrenia are commonly accompanied by cognitive deficits. Recent studies have reported negative genetic correlations between schizophrenia and indicators of cognitive ability such as general intelligence and processing speed. Here we compare the effect of polygenetic risk for schizophrenia (PRSSCZ) on measures that differ in their relationships with psychosis onset: a measure of current cognitive abilities (the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, BACS) that is greatly reduced in psychotic disorder patients, a measure of premorbid intelligence that is minimally affected by psychosis onset (the Wide-Range Achievement Test, WRAT); and educational attainment (EY), which covaries with both BACS and WRAT. Using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from 314 psychotic and 423 healthy research participants in the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) Consortium, we investigated the association of PRSSCZwith BACS, WRAT, and EY. Among apparently healthy individuals, greater genetic risk for schizophrenia (PRSSCZ) was significantly associated with lower BACS scores (r = −0.17,p = 6.6 × 10−4at PT = 1 × 10−4), but not with WRAT or EY. Among individuals with psychosis, PRSSCZdid not associate with variations in any of these three phenotypes. We further investigated the association between PRSSCZand WRAT in more than 4500 healthy subjects from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. The association was again null (p > 0.3,N = 4511), suggesting that different cognitive phenotypes vary in their etiologic relationship with schizophrenia.
Proscription supports robust perceptual integration by suppression in human visual cortex
Authors: Rideaux Reuben , Welchman Andrew E. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPerception relies on integrating information within and between the senses, but how does the brain decide which pieces of information should be integrated and which kept separate? Here we demonstrate how proscription can be used to solve this problem: certain neurons respond best to unrealistic combinations of features to provide ‘what not’ information that drives suppression of unlikely perceptual interpretations. First, we present a model that captures both improved perception when signals are consistent (and thus should be integrated) and robust estimation when signals are conflicting. Second, we test for signatures of proscription in the human brain. We show that concentrations of inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA in a brain region intricately involved in integrating cues (V3B/KO) correlate with robust integration. Finally, we show that perturbing excitation/inhibition impairs integration. These results highlight the role of proscription in robust perception and demonstrate the functional purpose of ‘what not’ sensors in supporting sensory estimation.
Uranium transport in acidic brines under reducing conditions
Authors: Timofeev Alexander , Migdisov Artaches A. , Williams-Jones Anthony E. , Roback Robert , Nelson Andrew T. , Xu Hongwu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe behavior of uranium in environments, ranging from those of natural systems responsible for the formation of uranium deposits to those of nuclear reactors providing 11% of the world’s electricity, is governed by processes involving high-temperature aqueous solutions. It has been well documented that uranium is mobile in aqueous solutions in its oxidized, U6+ state, whereas in its reduced, U4+ state, uranium has been assumed to be immobile. Here, we present experimental evidence from high temperature (>100 °C) acidic brines that invalidates this assumption. Our experiments have identified a new uranium chloride species (UCl4°) that is more stable under reducing than oxidized conditions. These results indicate that uranium is mobile under reducing conditions and necessitate a re-evaluation of the mobility of uranium, particularly in ore deposit models involving this metal. Regardless of the scenario considered, reducing conditions can no longer be considered a guarantee of uranium immobility.
A RAB35-p85/PI3K axis controls oscillatory apical protrusions required for efficient chemotactic migration
Authors: Corallino Salvatore , Malinverno Chiara , Neumann Beate , Tischer Christian , Palamidessi Andrea , Frittoli Emanuela , Panagiotakopoulou Magdalini , Disanza Andrea , Malet-Engra Gema , Nastaly Paulina , Galli Camilla , Luise Chiara , Bertalot Giovanni , Pece Salvatore , Di Fiore Pier Paolo , Gauthier Nils , Ferrari Aldo , Maiuri Paolo , Scita Giorgio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHow cells move chemotactically remains a major unmet challenge in cell biology. Emerging evidence indicates that for interpreting noisy, shallow gradients of soluble cues a system must behave as an excitable process. Here, through an RNAi-based, high-content screening approach, we identify RAB35 as necessary for the formation of growth factors (GFs)-induced waves of circular dorsal ruffles (CDRs), apically restricted actin-rich migratory protrusions. RAB35 is sufficient to induce recurrent and polarized CDRs that travel as propagating waves, thus behaving as an excitable system that can be biased to control cell steering. Consistently, RAB35 is essential for promoting directed chemotactic migration and chemoinvasion of various cells in response to gradients of motogenic GFs. Molecularly, RAB35 does so by directly regulating the activity of p85/PI3K polarity axis. We propose that RAB35 is a molecular determinant for the control of an excitable, oscillatory system that acts as a steering wheel for GF-mediated chemotaxis and chemoinvasion.
HSP27 is a partner of JAK2-STAT5 and a potential therapeutic target in myelofibrosis
Authors: Sevin Margaux , Kubovcakova Lucia , Pernet Nicolas , Causse Sébastien , Vitte Franck , Villeval Jean Luc , Lacout Catherine , Cordonnier Marine , Rodrigues-Lima Fernando , Chanteloup Gaétan , Mosca Matthieu , Chrétien Marie-Lorraine , Bastie Jean Noël , Audia Sylvain , Sagot Paul , Ramla Selim , Martin Laurent , Gleave Martin , Mezger Valérie , Skoda Radek , Plo Isabelle , Garrido Carmen , Girodon François , de Thonel Aurélie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHeat shock protein 27 (HSP27/HSPB1) is a stress-inducible chaperone that facilitates cancer development by its proliferative and anti-apoptotic functions. The OGX-427 antisense oligonucleotide against HSP27 has been reported to be beneficial against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Here we show that OGX-427 is effective in two murine models of thrombopoietin- and JAKV617F-induced myelofibrosis. OGX-427 limits disease progression and is associated with a reduction in spleen weight, in megakaryocyte expansion and, for the JAKV617F model, in fibrosis. HSP27 regulates the proliferation of JAK2V617F-positive cells and interacts directly with JAK2/STAT5. We also show that its expression is increased in both CD34+ circulating progenitors and in the serum of patients with JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative neoplasms with fibrosis. Our data suggest that HSP27 plays a key role in the pathophysiology of myelofibrosis and represents a new potential therapeutic target for patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms.
PREDICTD PaRallel Epigenomics Data Imputation with Cloud-based Tensor Decomposition
Authors: Durham Timothy J. , Libbrecht Maxwell W. , Howbert J. Jeffry , Bilmes Jeff , Noble William Stafford 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) and the Roadmap Epigenomics Project seek to characterize the epigenome in diverse cell types using assays that identify, for example, genomic regions with modified histones or accessible chromatin. These efforts have produced thousands of datasets but cannot possibly measure each epigenomic factor in all cell types. To address this, we present a method, PaRallel Epigenomics Data Imputation with Cloud-based Tensor Decomposition (PREDICTD), to computationally impute missing experiments. PREDICTD leverages an elegant model called “tensor decomposition” to impute many experiments simultaneously. Compared with the current state-of-the-art method, ChromImpute, PREDICTD produces lower overall mean squared error, and combining the two methods yields further improvement. We show that PREDICTD data captures enhancer activity at noncoding human accelerated regions. PREDICTD provides reference imputed data and open-source software for investigating new cell types, and demonstrates the utility of tensor decomposition and cloud computing, both promising technologies for bioinformatics.
Neuronal SphK1 acetylates COX2 and contributes to pathogenesis in a model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Lee Ju Youn , Han Seung Hoon , Park Min Hee , Baek Bosung , Song Im-Sook , Choi Min-Koo , Takuwa Yoh , Ryu Hoon , Kim Seung Hyun , He Xingxuan , Schuchman Edward H. , Bae Jae-Sung , Jin Hee Kyung 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough many reports have revealed the importance of defective microglia-mediated amyloid β phagocytosis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the underlying mechanism remains to be explored. Here we demonstrate that neurons in the brains of patients with AD and AD mice show reduction of sphingosine kinase1 (SphK1), leading to defective microglial phagocytosis and dysfunction of inflammation resolution due to decreased secretion of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs). Elevation of SphK1 increased SPMs secretion, especially 15-R-Lipoxin A4, by promoting acetylation of serine residue 565 (S565) of cyclooxygenase2 (COX2) using acetyl-CoA, resulting in improvement of AD-like pathology in APP/PS1 mice. In contrast, conditional SphK1 deficiency in neurons reduced SPMs secretion and abnormal phagocytosis similar to AD. Together, these results uncover a novel mechanism of SphK1 pathogenesis in AD, in which impaired SPMs secretion leads to defective microglial phagocytosis, and suggests that SphK1 in neurons has acetyl-CoA-dependent cytoplasmic acetyltransferase activity towards COX2.