bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVD‐Schutzschichten für Werkzeuge des Präzisionsblankpressens
Authors: Bobzin Kirsten , Brögelmann Tobias , Kruppe Nathan C. , Stanek Bonnie , Naderi Mona 
Published: March 2019

SummaryPVD protective coatings for precision molding toolsPrecision glass molding (PGM) is a replicative hot forming process for the production of complex optical components, such as aspherical lenses for digital and mobile phone cameras or optical elements for laser systems. The efficiency and thus also the profitability of the PGM depend on the unit price per pressed component, which correlates primarily with the service lifetime of the pressing tools. To increase tool lifetime, the tool surfaces are coated with protective coatings based on precious metals or carbon using physical vapour deposition (PVD). The PVD coating technology enables the deposition of thin coatings, which also follow more complex surface geometries and achieve a high surface quality. PVD coatings are also commonly used to protect tools from wear and corrosion. This paper presents two chromium‐based nitride hard coatings produced by an industrial PVD unit and investigated for their applicability for PGM. Two different coating architectures were implemented, on the one hand a single coating chromium aluminium nitride (Cr,Al)N coating and on the other hand a nanolaminar CrN/AlN coating with alternating layers of chromium nitride and aluminium nitride. The latter is a coating consisting of hundreds of nano‐layers, only a few nanometers thick. Both coatings, (Cr,Al)N and CrN/AlN, each have a thickness of s ∼ 300 nm in order to follow the tool contour as closely as possible. The properties of the coating systems, which are of particular relevance for PGM, are considered. These include on the one hand the adhesion of glass, the roughness and topography of the surface and the adhesion between the coating and the tool material. In addition, the barrier effect of the coatings against diffusion of oxygen was investigated. In order to reproduce the thermal boundary conditions of the PGM, thermocyclic aging tests are performed and their influence on the different properties is described.
A New Reconfigurable Architecture with Applications to IoT and Mobile Computing
Authors: Gharehbaghi Amir Masoud , Maruoka Tomohiro , Fujita Masahiro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTraditional reconfigurable devices known as FPGAs utilize a complicated programmable routing network to provide flexibility in connecting different logic elements across the FPGA chip. As such, the routing procedure may become very complicated, especially in the presence of tight timing constraints. Moreover, the routing network itself occupies a large portion of chip area as well as consumes a lot of power. Therefore, limiting their usage in mobile applications or IoT devices with higher performance and lower energy demands. In this paper, we introduce a new reconfigurable architecture which only allows communication between neighboring logic elements. This way, the routing structure and the routing resources become much simpler than traditional FPGAs. Moreover, we present two different method for scheduling and routing in our new proposed architecture. The first method deals with general circuits or irregular computations and is based on integer linear programming. The second method is for regular computations such as convolutional neural networks or matrix operations. We have shown the mapping results on ISCAS benchmark circuits as general irregular computations as well as heuristics to improve the efficiency of mapping for larger benchmarks. Moreover, we have shown results on regular computations including matrix multiplication and convolution operations of neural networks.
IoTutor: How Cognitive Computing Can Be Applied to Internet of Things Education
Authors: Memeti Suejb , Pllana Sabri , Ferati Mexhid , Kurti Arianit , Jusufi Ilir 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present IoTutor that is a cognitive computing solution for education of students in the IoT domain. We implement the IoTutor as a platform-independent web-based application that is able to interact with users via text or speech using natural language. We train the IoTutor with selected scientific publications relevant to the IoT education. To investigate users’ experience with the IoTutor, we ask a group of students taking an IoT master level course at the Linnaeus University to use the IoTutor for a period of two weeks. We ask students to express their opinions with respect to the attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, stimulation, and novelty of the IoTutor. The evaluation results show a trend that students express an overall positive attitude towards the IoTutor with majority of the aspects rated higher than the neutral value.
How Three Poznan University Students Broke the German Enigma Code and Shortened World War Two
Authors: Johnson Roger G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe story of the Allied breaking of the German Enigma codes in World War 2 was first published in the 1970s. Even now many of the details, especially concerning the critical work in the 1930s undertaken by gifted and dedicated Polish codebreakers remains largely unknown. Their work is credited with saving the Allies several years work and so shortening the war and saving thousands of lives. The holding of the IFIP World Computer Congress in Poznan, home of the Polish codebreakers, gave an opportunity for their work to be highlighted to an international audience. Talks covering the work of the Polish, British and French codebreakers were given and webcast worldwide. In addition, a encoded Enigma message was sent at the start of the day from Poznan to Bletchley Park in the UK where the volunteers of the Bombe team at The National Museum of Computing successfully confirmed their breaking of the message at the start of the afternoon session.
Should Artificial Intelligence Be More Regulated?
Authors: Strous Leon 
Published: March 2019

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) can and does bring immense benefits in all sorts of areas. But it also introduces (new) risks. Is more regulation needed? In order to answer this question arguments pro and con were presented by four panel members and discussed and challenged by the audience. Many issues were raised, ethical principles, the obstacles that make it hard to draft good legislation. We don’t want to stifle innovation or deny society the benefits of these technologies by excessive regulation. A distinction is made between science (research) and the application of AI technologies. Comparisons with other sectors and technologies are made to see whether parallels can be drawn.
IoT: Do We Have a Choice?
Authors: Strous Leon ,   IFIP Domain Committee on IoT
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany experts and organizations are addressing the Internet of Things (IoT) in policy statements, papers and conferences. There are many aspects to be considered when talking about IoT. The International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) contributes to the discussion by investigating what choices can or must be made regarding these various aspects. And by addressing the question what choices various stakeholders should have. This draft version of the position paper was discussed at the IFIP IoT working conference on 18-09-2018 and in the IFIP General Assembly on 23-09-2018. The outcome of these discussions will be processed in the final version of the position paper.
Strategies for Reducing Power Consumption and Increasing Reliability in IoT
Authors: Reis Ricardo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) demands new challenges in the design of computing and electronics components. One of the challenges is the power reduction of this expanding network of connected devices, where the majority is permanently connected. In a large set of applications, another significant issue is reliability, especially on critical areas as health and transport. This paper shows an overview of design strategies that we have developed to reduce power consumption and to increase reliability in circuits that are components of the IoT, as the reduction of the number of transistors in IoT devices, using optimisation techniques and the physical design of circuits tolerant to radiation effects.
Developmental trajectory of hope among late‐adolescents: Population heterogeneity and the impact of gender and family socioeconomic status
Authors: Yin Xiayun , Li Zhihua , Yuan Yanyun , Wang Zhihang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo study the developmental trajectory of hope among late‐adolescents, taking population heterogeneity and the impact of gender and family socioeconomic status (SES) into consideration.MethodsThe study used the Snyder Hope Scale to perform four surveys of a sample of 381 Chinese late‐adolescents, both male and female, with a mean age of 17.69 ± 1.12 years, over the course of one year, and employed a growth mixture model to perform data analysis.ResultsAlthough the levels of hope among the respondents who had high and moderate levels of hope at the outset of the study remained relatively stable over the course of the year, those with low levels of hope exhibited a significant decrease over time.ConclusionsThere is significant population heterogeneity in late‐adolescents' developmental trajectory of hope. Additionally, gender and family SES have a significant effect on the developmental trajectory of hope, as significantly more female students than male students reported high levels of hope. Furthermore, participants with high family SES outnumbered those with low family SES in the high‐hope group, whereas those with low SES outnumbered those with high SES in the low‐hope group.
Apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells is regulated by Rspo1 via the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Cheng Xiao‐Xia , Yang Qiao‐Yan , Qi Yong‐Li , Liu Zhi‐Zhen , Liu Dan , He Sheng , Yang Li‐Hong , Xie Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect and possible mechanism of action of roof plate‐specific spondin1 (Rspo1) in the apoptosis of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).MethodsOsteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of BMSCs was identified by Alizarin Red and Oil Red O staining, respectively. BMSC surface markers (cluster of differentiation 29 [CD29], CD90, and CD45) were detected using flow cytometry. BMSCs were transfected with an adenoviral vector encoding Rspo1 (BMSCs‐Rspo1 group). The expression levels of Rspo1 gene and Rspo1 protein in the BMSCs‐Rspo1 group and the two control groups (untransfected BMSCs group and BMSCs‐green fluorescent protein [GFP] group) were analyzed and compared by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The occurrence of apoptosis in the three groups was detected by flow cytometry and acridine orange‐ethidium bromide (AO‐EB) double dyeing. The activity of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway was evaluated by measuring the expression levels of the key proteins of the pathway (β‐catenin, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase [JNK], and phospho‐JNK).ResultsOsteogenic and adipogenic differentiation was confirmed in cultured BMSCs by the positive expression of CD29 and CD90 and the negative expression of CD45. Significantly increased expression levels of Rspo1 protein in the BMSCs‐Rspo1 group compared to those in the BMSCs (0.60 ± 0.05 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02; t=95.007, P=0.001) and BMSCs‐GFP groups (0.60 ± 0.05 vs. 0.10 ± 0.02; t=104.842, P=0.001) were observed. The apoptotic rate was significantly lower in the BMSCs‐Rspo1 group compared with those in the BMSCs group ([24.06 ± 2.37]% vs. [40.87 ± 2.82]%; t = 49.872, P = 0.002) and the BMSCs‐GFP group ([24.06 ± 2.37]% vs. [42.34 ± 0.26]%; t = 62.358, P = 0.001). In addition, compared to the BMSCs group, the protein expression levels of β‐catenin (2.67 ± 0.19 vs. 1.14 ± 0.14; t = −9.217, P = 0.000) and JNK (1.87 ± 0.17 vs. 0.61 ± 0.07; t = −22.289, P = 0.000) were increased in the BMSCs‐Rspo1 group. Compared to the BMSCs‐GFP group, the protein expression levels of β‐catenin (2.67 ± 0.19 vs. 1.44 ± 0.14; t = −5.692, P = 0.000) and JNK (1.87 ± 0.17 vs. 0.53 ± 0.06; t = −10.589, P = 0.000) were also upregulated in the BMSCs‐Rspo1 group. Moreover, the protein expression levels of phospho‐JNK were increased in the BMSCs‐Rspo1 group compared to those in the BMSCs group (1.89 ± 0.10 vs. 0.63 ± 0.09; t = −8.975, P = 0.001) and the BMSCs‐GFP group (1.89 ± 0.10 vs. 0.69 ± 0.08; t = −9.483, P = 0.001).ConclusionThe Wnt/β‐catenin pathway could play a vital role in the Rspo1‐mediated inhibition of apoptosis in BMSCs.
Paying People to Risk Life or Limb
Authors: Hughes Robert C. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT:Does the content of a physically dangerous job affect the moral permissibility of hiring for that job? To what extent may employers consider costs in choosing workplace safety measures? Drawing on Kantian ethical theory, this article defends two strong ethical standards of workplace safety. First, the content of a hazardous job does indeed affect the moral permissibility of offering it. Unless employees need hazard pay to meet basic needs, it is permissible to offer a dangerous job only if prospective employees have a reason other than hazard pay to choose this job instead of safer alternatives. Second, employers typically cannot justify omitting expensive safety measures by paying employees more, even if employees prefer higher pay to greater safety. Employers offering dangerous jobs must meet these two standards to avoid treating their employees merely as means.
Foraging extends beyond food: Hoarding of mental energy and information seeking in response to uncertainty
Authors: Alquist Jessica L. , Baumeister Roy F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhen an environment is uncertain, humans and other animals benefit from preparing for and attempting to predict potential outcomes. People respond to uncertainty both by conserving mental energy on tasks unrelated to the source of the uncertainty and by increasing their attentiveness to information related to the uncertainty. This mental hoarding and foraging allow people to prepare in uncertain situations.
A neural basis for food foraging in obesity
Authors: Almiron-Roig Eva , Pastor Maria A. , Martínez J. Alfredo , Drewnowski Adam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPoverty-related food insecurity can be viewed as a form of economic and nutritional uncertainty that can lead, in some situations, to a desire for more filling and satisfying food. Given the current obesogenic food environment and the nature of the food supply, those food choices could engage a combination of sensory, neurophysiological, and genetic factors as potential determinants of obesity.
Random isn't real: How the patchy distribution of ecological rewards may generate “incentive hope”
Authors: Symes Laurel , Wheatley Thalia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnselme & Güntürkün generate exciting new insights by integrating two disparate fields to explain why uncertain rewards produce strong motivational effects. Their conclusions are developed in a framework that assumes a random distribution of resources, uncommon in the natural environment. We argue that, by considering a realistically clumped spatiotemporal distribution of resources, their conclusions will be stronger and more complete.
Time-resolved measurements of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission, from EUV-induced He, Ne, and Ar plasmas
Authors: Bartnik A. , Fiedorowicz H. , Wachulak P. , Fok T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIrradiation of gases with intense pulses of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) can result in the formation of low-temperature plasmas. During the time of irradiation, various non-thermal processes driven by the EUV photons and photoelectrons take place, leading to the creation of excited states of atoms and ions. Fast relaxation of these states should result in EUV emission within a time comparable to the driving EUV pulse. On the other hand, from our earlier works, a time duration of the emission in an optical range is over an order of magnitude longer. It can be thus expected that the time of EUV emission can be also relatively long. In this work, time-resolved measurements of the EUV emission from low-temperature plasmas induced in He, Ne, and Ar gases were performed. Due to a low intensity of the emitted radiation, a specially prepared detection system, based on an EUV collector and an EUV sensitive photodiode, was employed. In all cases, a time duration of the EUV emission was much longer compared with the driving EUV pulse. Time profiles of the corresponding signals were specific for particular gases. In case of He and Ne plasmas, these time profiles varied with initial densities of gases to be ionized. The corresponding dependence was especially visible in case of plasmas induced in helium. In case of Ar plasmas, such dependence was not revealed.
Improving the Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) process: A qualitative study of family caregiver perspectives
Authors: Hales Brigette M. , Bean Sally , Isenberg-Grzeda Elie , Ford Bill , Selby Debbie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe road to legalization of Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) across Canada has largely focused on legislative details such as eligibility and establishment of regulatory clinical practice standards. Details on how to implement high-quality, person-centered MAID programs at the institutional level are lacking. This study seeks to understand what improvement opportunities exist in the delivery of the MAID process from the family caregiver perspective.MethodThis multi-methods study design used structured surveys, focus groups, and unstructured e-mail/phone conversations to gather experiential feedback from family caregivers of patients who underwent MAID between July 2016 and June 2017 at a large academic hospital in Toronto, Canada. Data were combined and a qualitative, descriptive approach used to derive themes within family perspectives.ResultImprovement themes identified through the narrative data (48% response rate) were grouped in two categories: operational and experiential aspects of MAID. Operational themes included: process clarity, scheduling challenges and the 10-day period of reflection. Experiential themes included clinician objection/judgment, patient and family privacy, and bereavement resources.Significance of resultsTo our knowledge, this is the first time that family caregivers’ perspectives on the quality of the MAID process have been explored. Although practice standards have been made available to ensure all legislated components of the MAID process are completed, detailed guidance for how to best implement patient and family centered MAID programs at the institutional level remain limited. This study provides guidance for ways in which we can enhance the quality of MAID from the perspective of family caregivers.
Association of Pro-inflammatory Dietary Intake and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Findings from Iranian case-control study
Authors: Vahid Farhad , Shivappa Nitin , Hekmatdoost Azita , R Hebert James , Poustchi Hossein , Shamsipour Ali , Eslamparast Tannaz , Meibodi Mohammad , Rahmani Diyako 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is considered as a major health problem in the world. There is much evidence that diet and dietary factors play an important role in inflammation, and consequently pathogenesis of NAFLD. To investigate the role of diet in the development of inflammation, we can use the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), which has been shown to be predictive of levels of inflammatory markers. Methods: 295 incident cases were selected using the convenience-sampling procedure, and 704 controls randomly were selected from the same clinic and among the patients who had no hepatic steatosis and were frequency-matched on age (±5 years) and sex. The DII was computed based on dietary intake from 168-item FFQ. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable ORs. Results: Subjects in tertile 3 had 1.57 (95% CI: 1.13–2.20), 1.78 (95% CI: 1.19–2.67), and 2.02 (95% CI: 1.32–3.09) times higher odds of developing NAFLD, compared to subjects in tertile 1 in models 1 (adjusted for age), 2 (model 1 + BMI, education, smoking, alcohol, diabetes, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides) and 3 (model 2 + aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase), respectively. When used as a continuous variable, one unit increase in DII was associated with 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.29), 1.21 (95% CI: 1.107, 1.37) and 1.25 (95% CI: 1.10, 1.43) increase in odds of NAFLD in models one, 2 and 3 respectively. Conclusion: Subjects who consumed a more pro-inflammatory diet were at increased odds of NAFLD.
Increasing Biomass in the Warm Oceans: Unexpected New Insights From SeaWiFS
Authors: Sharma P. , Marinov I. , Cabre A. , Kostadinov T. , Singh A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMarine phytoplankton biomass and community structure are expected to change under global warming, with potentially significant impacts on ocean carbon, nutrient cycling, and marine food webs. Previous studies have indicated decreases of primary production and chlorophyll a concentrations and oligotrophic gyre expansions from satellite ocean‐color measurements, purportedly due to global warming. We review this topic via a reanalysis of a novel backscattering‐based phytoplankton functional type and phytoplankton biomass time series over the 1997–2010 period. Unlike previous work, we find that globally the biomass and the percent of large (small) phytoplankton increase (decrease). The oligotrophic gyres contract or expand depending on the chlorophyll a threshold definition employed. In the subtropical gyres, chlorophyll a trends are likely due to physiological changes, while the increasing biomass trends are due to winds and relevant mixing length scale increases.
Modulation of Mid‐Holocene African Rainfall by Dust Aerosol Direct and Indirect Effects
Authors: Thompson Alexander J. , Skinner Christopher B. , Poulsen Christopher J. , Zhu Jiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClimate model simulations of the mid‐Holocene (MH) consistently underestimate northern African rainfall for reasons not fully understood. While most models incorporate orbital forcing and vegetation feedbacks, they neglect dust reductions associated with greater vegetation cover. Here we simulate the MH climate response to reduced Saharan dust using CESM CAM5‐chem, which resolves direct and indirect dust aerosol effects. Direct aerosol effects increase Saharan and Sahel convective rainfall by ~16% and 8%. In contrast, indirect aerosol effects decrease stratiform rainfall, damping the dust‐induced total rainfall increase by ~13% in the Sahara and ~59% in the Sahel. Sensitivity experiments indicate the dust‐induced precipitation anomaly in the Sahara and Sahel (0.27 and 0.18 mm/day) is smaller than the anomaly from MH vegetation cover (1.19 and 1.08 mm/day). Although sensitive to dust radiative properties, sea surface temperatures, and indirect aerosol effect parameterization, our results suggest that dust reductions had competing effects on MH African rainfall.