bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting stroke in patients without atrial fibrillation
Authors: Steensig Kamilla , Olesen Kevin K. W. , Thim Troels , Nielsen Jens C. , Madsen Morten , Jensen Svend E. , Jensen Lisette O. , Kristensen Steen D. , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Maeng Michael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundOnly few studies in selected cohorts have examined whether the CHA2DS2‐VASc score can predict the risk of atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic events in patients without atrial fibrillation.Materials and methodsPatients with coronary angiography performed between 2004 and 2012 were grouped according to CHA2DS2‐VASc score. We excluded patients with atrial fibrillation, anticoagulant therapy and follow‐up <30 days. The endpoints were atrial fibrillation and a composite of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack and systemic embolism. Event rates per 100 person‐years were estimated for each CHA2DS2‐VASc score (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and >4). Incidence rate ratios were calculated using low‐risk patients (CHA2DS2‐VASc score 0 in males or 1 in females) as reference.ResultsIn total, 78 233 patients were included with group sizes varying between 8299 (CHA2DS2‐VASc >4) and 19 882 (CHA2DS2‐VASc 2). An increasing CHA2DS2‐VASc score was significantly associated with a future diagnosis of atrial fibrillation (P for trend <0.0001) and an incremental risk of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, systemic embolism (P for trend <0.0001) and all‐cause death (P for trend <0.0001). Patients with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 3 had a rate of ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack/systemic embolism of 1.30 per 100 person‐years.ConclusionsAmong patients undergoing coronary angiography, the CHA2DS2‐VASc score predicted a future diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and the composite risk of ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack or systemic embolism in patients without atrial fibrillation. A CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 3 was associated with a risk that would justify prophylactic oral anticoagulation treatment in a patient with atrial fibrillation.
Comparing developmental stability in unisexual and bisexual rock lizards of the genusDarevskia
Authors: Abramjan Andran , Frýdlová Petra , Jančúchová‐Lásková Jitka , Suchomelová Petra , Landová Eva , Yavruyan Eduard , Frynta Daniel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractParthenogenetic species are usually considered to be short‐lived due to the accumulation of adverse mutations, lack of genetic variability, and inability to adapt to changing environment. If so, one may expect that the phenotype of clonal organisms may reflect such genetic and/or environmental stress. To test this hypothesis, we compared the developmental stability of bisexual and parthenogenetic lizards of the genusDarevskia. We assessed asymmetries in three meristic traits: ventral, preanal, and supratemporal scales. Our results suggest that the amount of ventral and preanal asymmetries is significantly higher in clones compared with their maternal, but not paternal, progenitor species. However, it is questionable, whether this is a consequence of clonality, as it may be considered a mild form of outbreeding depression as well. Moreover, most ventral asymmetries were found in the bisexual speciesDarevskia valentini. We suggest that greater differences in asymmetry levels among bisexuals may be, for instance, a consequence of the population size: the smaller the population, the higher the inbreeding and the developmental instability. On the basis of the traits examined in this study, the parthenogens do not seem to be of significantly poorer quality.
Pre‐ and post‐ingestive defenses affect larval feeding on a lethal invasive host plant
Authors: Steward Rachel A. , Fisher Lydia M. , Boggs Carol L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEvolutionary traps arise when organisms use novel, low‐quality or even lethal resources based on previously reliable cues. Persistence of such maladaptive interactions depends not only on how individuals locate important resources, such as host plants, but also the mechanisms underlying poor performance. Pieris macdunnoughii (Remington) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) lays eggs on a non‐native mustard, Thlaspi arvense (L.) (Brassicaceae), which is lethal to the larvae. We first tested whether larval feeding behavior was affected before (pre‐) ingestion or following (post‐) ingestion of leaf material, indicating activity of feeding deterrents, toxins, or both in this evolutionary trap. Neonates were less likely to start feeding and eventually fed more slowly on T. arvense than on the native host plant Cardamine cordifolia (Gray) (Brassicaceae) in both laboratory and field. Starvation was a primary cause of mortality, indicating the role of a feeding deterrent. Feeding did not differ between larvae from invaded and uninvaded population. Second, T. arvense defensive chemistry is dominated by the glucosinolate sinigrin (allyl or 2‐propenyl glucosinolate). Adding sinigrin to the leaves of T. arvense and native hosts C. cordifolia and Descurainia incana (Bernhardi ex Fischer & Meyer) (Brassicaceae) delayed the onset of feeding, caused larvae to feed more slowly, and decreased survival on the native hosts. This evolutionary trap may not be driven by a novel deterrent, but rather by a change in the concentration of a deterrent found in native hosts. Many insects have adapted to evolutionary traps posed by invasive plants, incorporating the new plant into their diets. Thlaspi arvense remains lethal to P. macdunnoughii, and pre‐ingestive deterrents such as excess sinigrin may contribute to persistent maladaptation.
Biweekly supplementation with Artemia spp. cysts allows efficient population establishment by Macrolophus pygmaeus in sweet pepper
Authors: Brenard Nathalie , Sluydts Vincent , Christianen Evi , Bosmans Lien , De Bruyn Luc , Moerkens Rob , Leirs Herwig 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMacrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) is a generalist natural enemy that is used to control multiple pest species in a variety of horticultural crops. The bugs are released at the start of the crop cycle to allow them to establish and build up a population in the crop that can control pest infestations later in the season. To facilitate population growth and dispersal in protected sweet pepper crops, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae), food should be supplemented in a full‐field fashion during the first 6–8 weeks after introduction. To reduce the costs of food supplementation, we investigated whether fewer applications could produce similar results in terms of population growth and dispersal within the greenhouse. First, a cage experiment was carried out in which a weekly and biweekly application rate was tested for three food sources: cysts of brine shrimps Artemia spp. (Anostraca: Artemiidae), eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and a commercial mix of the two. Artemia spp. cysts resulted in the largest M. pygmaeus populations. There was no difference in population size between the two application rates for any of the food sources. Second, a greenhouse experiment was set up to test both application rates for Artemia spp. cysts under conditions mimicking commercial practice. Again, no difference in population size was observed between a weekly and a biweekly application rate. This insight is good news for growers, as they can use the least expensive food source and they need fewer applications to successfully introduce M. pygmaeus in protected sweet pepper crops.
Intraspecific response ofPinus taedaL. toGrosmannia huntiiandLeptographium terebrantisinfection
Authors: Devkota Pratima , Eckhardt Lori G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examined intraspecific and inter‐year variation in tolerance ofPinus taedato two ophiostomatoid fungi,Leptographium terebrantisandGrosmannia huntii. Containerized seedlings ofP. taedafrom 27, 32, 17 and 23 different elite genetic families were artificially inoculated withL. terebrantisandG. huntiiin years 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2017, respectively. Six connector families were inoculated every year. Eight weeks post‐inoculation, lesion and occlusion were measured on each seedling to determine the relative susceptibility/tolerance of families to these fungi.Pinus taedafamilies widely differed in these parameters suggesting intraspecific variation in the susceptibility/tolerance to the inoculated pathogens. The overall tolerance of the connector families to these fungi varied among the experimental years. These results showed that intraspecific variation toL. terebrantisandG. huntiiexists amongP. taedafamilies and it could be possible to select tolerant families to minimize the potential impact due to these fungi.
Sensitivity of global soil carbon stocks to combined nutrient enrichment
Authors: Crowther T. W. , Riggs C. , Lind E. M. , Borer E. T. , Seabloom E. W. , Hobbie S. E. , Wubs J. , Adler P. B. , Firn J. , Gherardi L. , Hagenah N. , Hofmockel K. S. , Knops J. M. H. , McCulley R. L. , MacDougall A. S. , Peri P. L. , Prober S. M. , Stevens C. J. , Routh D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSoil stores approximately twice as much carbon as the atmosphere and fluctuations in the size of the soil carbon pool directly influence climate conditions. We used the Nutrient Network global change experiment to examine how anthropogenic nutrient enrichment might influence grassland soil carbon storage at a global scale. In isolation, enrichment of nitrogen and phosphorous had minimal impacts on soil carbon storage. However, when these nutrients were added in combination with potassium and micronutrients, soil carbon stocks changed considerably, with an average increase of 0.04 KgCm−2 year−1 (standard deviation 0.18 KgCm−2 year−1). These effects did not correlate with changes in primary productivity, suggesting that soil carbon decomposition may have been restricted. Although nutrient enrichment caused soil carbon gains most dry, sandy regions, considerable absolute losses of soil carbon may occur in high‐latitude regions that store the majority of the world's soil carbon. These mechanistic insights into the sensitivity of grassland carbon stocks to nutrient enrichment can facilitate biochemical modelling efforts to project carbon cycling under future climate scenarios.
Rater Certification Tests: A Psychometric Approach
Authors: Attali Yigal 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRater training is an important part of developing and conducting large‐scale constructed‐response assessments. As part of this process, candidate raters have to pass a certification test to confirm that they are able to score consistently and accurately before they begin scoring operationally. Moreover, many assessment programs require raters to pass a calibration test before every scoring shift. To support the high‐stakes decisions made on the basis of rater certification tests, a psychometric approach for their development, analysis, and use is proposed. The circumstances and uses of these tests suggest that they are expected to have relatively low reliability. This expectation is supported by empirical data. Implications for the development and use of these tests to ensure their quality are discussed.
Multiobjective evolutionary feature selection and fuzzy classification of contact centre data
Authors: Brunello Andrea , Jiménez Fernando , Marzano Enrico , Montanari Angelo , Sánchez Gracia , Sciavicco Guido 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this work, a data set describing phone interactions arising in a multichannel and multiskill contact centre is considered with the aim of classifying inbound sessions into those that will be eventually managed by an agent and those that, instead, will be abandoned before. More precisely, the goal of the work is to extract interpretable pieces of information that allow us to predict whether a user will or will not abandon a call, which may turn out to be very useful for the purpose of contact centre managing. To this end, the performance of two well‐known, state‐of‐the‐art evolutionary algorithms for feature selection (evolutionary nondominated radial slots based algorithm and nondominated sorted genetic algorithm) is compared for the task of feature selection, under the criteria of accuracy and cardinality of the selection, as well as for the task of fuzzy rule extraction, under the criteria of interpretability, accuracy, and hypervolume test. The best obtained fuzzy classifier, chosen after a decision making process, is validated and interpreted by domain experts.
Diel vertical migration of sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria)
Authors: Sigler Michael F. , Echave Katy B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTo investigate their diel vertical migration (DVM), 599 sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) were implanted with electronic archival tags in the Gulf of Alaska, Aleutian Islands, and the eastern Bering Sea. Of these tags, 98 were recovered with usable depth data (7,852,773 recordings representing 81,233 days) that we used to identify DVM and to classify DVM into one of two types: normal DVM (rise from the bottom during nighttime) and reverse DVM (rise from the bottom during daytime). The results of our study highlight three important attributes of DVM for sablefish. First, all tagged sablefish carried out DVM, although the occurrence was intermittent (26% of the days with usable data) and most commonly for short durations (10 days or less). Second, bottom depth for normal DVM was about 78 m shallower than for reverse DVM. Third, normal DVM occurred most often in fall and least often in spring, whereas this high/low pattern was shifted about 3 months later for reverse DVM; reverse DVM occurred most often in winter and least often in summer. Normal DVM likely occurred to increase foraging opportunity (e.g., nightly shift to match depth of prey). Reverse DVM more commonly occurred during winter and may represent an increase in foraging by sablefish during the daytime to compensate for decreased pelagic resources. The default foraging strategy for sablefish may be benthic because of the uncertainty of vertically migrating to a location where the occurrence of prey is not guaranteed; sablefish may invoke DVM when the non‐DVM foraging benefit is reduced.
Association between sarcopenia and depressive mood in urban‐dwelling older adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hayashi Takahiro , Umegaki Hiroyuki , Makino Taeko , Cheng Xian W , Shimada Hiroyuki , Kuzuya Masafumi 
Published: March 2019

AimThe aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between depressive mood and diagnostic components of sarcopenia.MethodsThe study used baseline data of participants in the Toyota Prevention Intervention for Cognitive Decline and Sarcopenia study. Participants in this cross‐sectional study were 432 older adults (46.5% women, mean age 72.5 ± 4.7 years). We defined sarcopenia using the diagnostic algorithm recommended by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, and all participants were classified into a sarcopenia or healthy control group. The skeletal muscle mass was measured by bioelectrical impedance. Depressive mood was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 (range 0–15).ResultsAmong the 432 participants, 9.5% were classified as having sarcopenia. The mean ± SD Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 scores in the control and sarcopenia groups were significantly different at 3.9 ± 2.8 and 5.3 ± 3.3, respectively (P = 0.003). Furthermore, depressive mood was significantly more prevalent in the sarcopenia group (P = 0.011). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the Geriatric Depression Scale score was associated with grip strength (β = −0.23, P = 0.004) and walking speed (β = −0.15, P = 0.006), but not skeletal muscle mass index (β = −0.16, P = 0.142), after controlling for demographic factors, chronic diseases, inflammatory markers and physical activity.ConclusionsSarcopenia was associated with depressive mood. In terms of the diagnostic components of sarcopenia, depressive mood was not associated with decreased muscle mass, but was associated with low muscle strength and low physical performance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 508–512.
Kinematics of a novel reciprocating endodontic handpiece
Authors: Orhan E. O. , Irmak O. , Ertuğrul I. F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimTo analyse the kinematics of the Reciproc Direct® contra‐angle reciprocating device with different motor sources. MethodologyReciproc Direct contra‐angle (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) was tested with new micro‐motor sources. The micro‐motor groups were as follows: a brushless electric micro‐motor, a brushed electric micro‐motor and an air‐driven micro‐motor. The electric micro‐motor sources were also divided into four subgroups as 10 000, 15 000, 20 000 and 25 000 rpm. The maximum air pressure of the air‐driven micro‐motor was adjusted to 2 and 3 kgf cm−2. A custom target object was attached to the Reciproc Direct, and reciprocating motions were recorded with a high‐speed camera at 1200 frames per second. The following kinematic parameters were calculated: duration of each reciprocating motion, engaging and disengaging angles, cycle rotational speeds, engaging and disengaging rotational speeds, net cycle angle, total cycle angle and number of cycles to complete full rotation. One‐way anova was used where applicable, followed by Tukey's multiple comparison tests, to compare the kinematic values of reciprocating motion for each micro‐motor/Reciproc Direct combination. The Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test was used for non‐normally distributed data. Statistical analysis was performed (α = 0.05).ResultsFor the brushless micro‐motor, median engaging angle was 186.5 ° at 10 000 rpm and 188.0 ° at 15 000 rpm which were significantly different than median engaging angles at 20 000 (188.5 °) and 25 000 (189.3 °) rpm (P < 0.05). For the brushless micro‐motor, median cycle rotational speed was 372.5 rpm at 10 000 and 459.8 rpm at 15 000 rpm which were significantly different than median cycle rotational speed at 20 000 (576.2 rpm) and 25 000 (677.8 rpm) rpm (P < 0.05). For the brushed micro‐motor, median cycle rotational speed was 293.5 rpm at 10 000 and 386.3 rpm at 15 000 rpm which were significantly different than median cycle rotational speed at 20 000 (508.9 rpm) and 25 000 (597.6 rpm) rpm (P < 0.05).ConclusionsRotational speeds were influenced significantly by motor sources even when the Reciproc Direct was used at speeds recommended by the manufacturer. This could indicate that the kinematics of the Reciproc Direct are dependent on the power of the rotating motor.
Role of CD97 small isoform in human cervical carcinoma
Authors: He Ying , Xu Lian , Feng Min , Wang Wei 
Published: March 2019

SummaryVarious studies revealed that elevated expression of CD97 in carcinomas is associated with the dedifferentiation, aggressiveness and metastasis of tumour. CD97 is a protein member of the epidermal growth factor seven‐transmembrane (EGF‐TM7) family of class II TM7 receptors. Our previous study suggested that the overexpression of CD97 in cervical cancer was correlated with the aggressiveness of the tumour and that CD97 might be an independent poor prognostic factor for cervical cancer patients. Based on these data, we have investigated the role of CD97 small isoform in cervical cancer proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. Three cervical cancer cell lines were tested and the CD97 small isoform was found to be expressed predominantly in the SiHa cells. The mobile and invasive ability of different cervical cancer cell lines was not correlated positively with total CD97 protein expression but was with the level of the CD97 small isoform. Functional significance was assessed 48 hours after transient knockdown using siRNA targeting CD97 small isoform (CD97/EGF1,2,5) or a scrambled control sequence in cervical cancer cell lines. As a result, decreased ability of migration and invasion was found in CD97 small isoform RNAi cells, which showed, however, no change in cell proliferation. This study shed light on the role of the CD97 small isoform in tumour progression and provides a basis for further studies to determine its function in vivo.
CARLo‐7—A plausible biomarker for bladder cancer
Authors: Amir Hina , Khan Mohammad Azam , Feroz Saima , Bibi Nazia , Nawaz Muhammad , Mehmood Arshad , Yousuf Arzu , Khawaja Mohammad Athar , Khadim Muhammad Tahir , Tariq Aamira 
Published: March 2019

SummaryCancer is defined as undifferentiated and unchecked growth of cells damaging the surrounding tissue. Cancers manifest altered gene expression. Gene expression is regulated by a diverse array of non‐protein‐coding RNA. Aberrant expression of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has been recently found to have functional consequences in cancers. In the current study, we report CARLo‐7 as the only bladder cancer–specific lncRNA from the CARLos cluster. The expression of this lncRNA correlates with bladder cancer grade. We propose that CARLo‐7 has an oncogenic potential and might be regulator of cell proliferation. Furthermore, by comparison the expression of proto‐oncogene MYC, which is the only well‐annotated gene close to the cancer ‐ associated linkage disequilibrium blocks of this region, does not show a pronounced change in expression between the low‐ and high‐grade tumours. Our results indicate that CARlo‐7 can act as a prognostic marker for bladder cancer.
KRAS mutations in the parental tumour accelerate in vitro growth of tumoroids established from colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mousavi Nabi , Truelsen Sarah Line Bring , Hagel Grith , Jorgensen Lars Nannestad , Harling Henrik , Timmermans Vera , Melchior Linea Cecilie , Thysen Anna Hammerich , Heegaard Steffen , Thastrup Jacob 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to characterize a patient‐derived in vitro 3D model (ie tumoroid) established from colorectal adenocarcinoma. This study investigated the growth rate of tumoroids and whether the Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutations in the parental tumour accelerate this rate. The tumoroids were established from surgical resections of primary and metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma from 26 patients. The in vitro growth rate of these tumoroids was monitored by automated imaging and recorded as relative growth rate. The KRAS hotspot mutations were investigated on the parental tumours by Ion Torrent™ next‐generation sequencing. The KRAS mutations were detected in 58% of the parental tumours, and a significantly higher growth rate was observed for tumoroids established from the KRAS‐mutated tumours compared to wild‐type tumours (P < 0.0001). The average relative growth rate (log10) on day 10 was 0.360 ± 0.180 (mean ± SD) for the KRAS‐mutated group and 0.098 ± 0.135 (mean ± SD) for the KRAS wild‐type group. These results showed that the presence of KRAS mutations in parental tumours is associated with an acceleration of the growth rate of tumoroids. The future perspective for such a model could be the implementation of chemoassays for personalized medicine.