bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic colour change signals sexual maturity in a non‐territorial damselfly
Authors: Khan Md Kawsar , Herberstein Marie E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConspicuous colouration increases male reproductive success through female preferences and/or male–male competition. Despite the advantages of conspicuous colouration, inconspicuous male morphs can exist simultaneously in a population due to genetic diversity, condition dependence or developmental constraints. We are interested in explaining the male dichromatism in Xanthagrion erythroneurum damselflies. We reared these damselflies in outdoor insectaries under natural conditions and showed that this species undergoes ontogenetic colour changes. The younger males are yellow and change colour to red 6–7 days after their emergence. We took red and yellow male reflectance spectra and found that red males are brighter than yellow males. Next, we aimed to determine whether ontogenetic colour change signals sexual maturity with field observations and laboratory experiments. Our field observational data showed that red males are in higher abundance in the breeding territory, and they have a higher mating frequency than yellow males. We confirmed these field observations by enclosing a red and a yellow male with two females and found that yellow males do not mate in presence of red males. To determine whether colour change signals sexual maturity, we measured mating success of males before and after colour changes by enclosing a single male at different age (day 3‐day 7) and colour (yellow, intermediate and red) with a single female in a mating cage. Males did not mate when yellow but the same male mated after it changed colour to red, suggesting the ontogenetic colour change signals sexual maturity in this species. Our study shows that male dichromatism can be age‐dependent and ontogenetic colour change can signal age and sexual readiness in non‐territorial insects.
Too much liquidity? Seemingly excess cash for innovative firms
Authors: He Zhaozhao , Ciccone Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe show that more cash allows innovative firms facing financing constraints to undertake more research and development projects and that this phenomenon has been more pronounced since 1980. In contrast to the secular increase in the level of cash holdings, average excess cash has not increased appreciably. We analyze excess cash disposition and document a strong relation between excess cash and research and development spending. Finally, our results suggest that increased difficulty in valuing research and development might be a source of financing frictions. These findings imply that “seemingly excess cash” has played an increasingly important role in mitigating underinvestment in innovation.
Financial crises and the asymmetric relation between returns on banks, risk factors, and other industry portfolio returns
Authors: Högholm Kenneth , Knif Johan , Koutmos Gregory , Pynnönen Seppo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe show that the relations between the returns on the banking industry, risk factors, and other industries often are asymmetric. Lagged banking industry returns seem to improve predictability but the positive impact of a 1‐month lag of the return on the banking portfolio is much higher in the lower part of the return distribution. However, after the Dodd‐Frank Act in 2010, the cross‐autocorrelation with banks is changed and becomes negative in the upper part of the distribution. Returns on banks also seem to lead returns on five risk factors. This relation, however, is not robust across the distribution.
Striving to establish a care relationship—Mission possible or impossible?—Triad encounters between patients, relatives and nurses
Authors: Johnsson Anette , Wagman Petra , Boman Åse , Pennbrant Sandra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhen patients, relatives and nurses meet, they form a triad that can ensure a good care relationship. However, hospital environments are often stressful and limited time can negatively affect the care relationship, thus decreasing patient satisfaction.ObjectiveTo explain the care relationship in triad encounters between patients, relatives and nurses at a department of medicine for older people.DesignA qualitative explorative study with an ethnographic approach guided by a sociocultural perspective.MethodParticipatory observations and informal field conversations with patients, relatives and nurses were carried out from October 2015‐September 2016 and analysed together with field notes using ethnographic analysis.ResultThe result identifies a process where patients, relatives and nurses use different strategies for navigating before, during and after a triad encounter. The process is based on the following categories: orienting in time and space, contributing to a care relationship and forming a new point of view.ConclusionThe result indicates that nurses, who are aware of the process and understand how to navigate between the different perspectives in triad encounters, can acknowledge both the patient's and relatives’ stories, thus facilitating their ability to understand the information provided, ensure a quality care relationship and strengthen the patient's position in the health‐care setting, therefore making the mission to establish a care relationship possible.
A systematic review of community nursing interventions focusing on improving outcomes for individuals exhibiting risk factors of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Tan See M. , Han Emeline , Quek Rina Yu Chin , Singh Shweta R. , Gea‐Sánchez Montserrat , Legido‐Quigley Helena 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the role of community‐based nursing interventions in improving outcomes for community‐dwelling individuals exhibiting risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD).DesignA systematic review and narrative synthesis.Data SourcesSeven electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Global Health, LILACS, Africa‐Wide Information, IMEMR, and WPRIM) were searched from inception to 16 March 2018.Review MethodsThis review included outcomes from studies that were led by or delivered primarily by nurses for individuals exhibiting risk factors of CVD in community settings. At least two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and risk of bias.Results46 studies met the eligibility criteria. Community nursing interventions were found to be effective in improving clinical outcomes of symptom control, symptom awareness, symptom management, and social outcomes. Effective interventions were found to be facilitated by a community‐centric approach, participant empowerment, reinforcement strategies, a targeted approach towards underserved populations, and home visits. These resulted in positive outcomes such as significant reductions in HbA1c for diabetic patients, attainment of blood pressure targets for hypertensive patients and greater improvement in self‐reported dietary intake for patients with hyperlipidaemia.ConclusionCommunity‐based nurse‐led interventions can result in positive outcomes for patients with risk factors of CVD. However, the success of such interventions needs to be facilitated by appropriate funding, thoughtful intervention design and training opportunities for nurses.ImpactCommunity‐based nursing interventions are largely effective in improving clinical and social outcomes for community‐dwelling individuals with risk factors of CVD.
Self‐reported competence in female and male nursing students in the light of theories of hegemonic masculinity and femininity
Authors: Carlsson Marianne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn most parts of the world, nursing historically has been considered an occupation for women. Gender stereotypes are associated with the nursing profession.AimThe aim was to describe and compare the self‐reported competence in female and male nursing students. The students were also compared according to their different background college educations. The theoretical framework of hegemonic masculinity and femininity was used.DesignA cross‐sectional design with a questionnaire was used at two points in time, 2012 and 2017.MethodsNursing students completed a questionnaire on graduation from a 3‐year university nursing program from 12 universities/university colleges in Sweden. In total, 1810 students were participating, 1577 female and 227 male students. The Nurse Professional Competence scale was used for data collection.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the self‐reported competence between female and male students (t tests and ANOVAs). These differences are in agreement with the patterns of hegemonic masculinity and femininity. Female students estimated their competence in giving value‐based nursing care as higher than males. Male students estimated their competence in development and leadership higher than females.ConclusionThe pattern of hegemonic masculinity and femininity could be identified. This indicates a difference in power between female and male students.ImpactThe study addresses the self‐reported competence of female and male nursing students. The results indicated that male students possibly looked on themselves as superior to the female students. In order to change the image of nursing as a woman´s work, the self‐images should be discussed in nursing education as well as in college education. Women interested in development, research, and leadership and men interested in nursing care and administration must feel that nursing is a suitable profession for them. The stereotypical image of nursing as a women’s work is a barrier to nurses’ professional development.
Patient and family engagement as a potential approach for improving patient safety: A systematic review
Authors: Park Myonghwa , Giap Thi‐Thanh‐Tinh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo obtain a comprehensive insight of the impact of patient and family engagement on patient safety and identify issues in implementing this approach.BackgroundPatient and family engagement is increasingly emerging as a potential approach for improving patient safety.DesignMixed method multilevel synthesis.Data sourcesPubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrance Library (January 2009–April 2018).Review methodsThe review was conducted according to the principles recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Review and in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsForty‐two relevant studies were identified. Common intervention groups included ‘direct care’ and ‘organization’ levels with ‘consultation’ and ‘involvement’ approaches, while the ‘health system’ level and ‘partnership and shared leadership’ approaches were rarely implemented. Findings revealed positive effects of the interventions on patient safety. Most study participants expressed their willingness to engage in or support patient and family engagement. However, existing gaps and barriers in implementing patient and family engagement were identified.ConclusionFuture research should further focus on issuing consensus guidelines for implementing patient and family engagement in patient safety, extending the research scope for all aspects of patient and family engagement and patient safety and identifying priority areas for action that is suitable for each health facility.ImpactPolicymakers should issue guidelines for implementing patient and family engagement in healthcare systems which would enable healthcare providers to implement patient and family engagement and improve patient safety appropriately and effectively.
Part II—Clinical presentation, electrophysiologic characteristics, and when and how to ablate atriofascicular pathways and long and short decrementally conducting accessory pathways
Authors: Soares Correa Frederico , Lokhandwala Yash , Cruz Filho Fernando , Sánchez‐Quintana Damián , Mori Shumpei , Anderson Robert H. , Wellens Hein J. J. , Back Sternick Eduardo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecognition of the presence, location, and properties of unusual accessory pathways for atrioventricular conduction is an exciting, frequently difficult, challenge for the clinical cardiac arrhythmologist. In this second part of our series of reviews relative to this topic, we discuss the steps required to achieve the correct diagnosis and appropriate management in patients with the so‐called “Mahaim” variants of pre‐excitation. We indicate that, nowadays, it is recognized that these abnormal rhythms are manifest because of the presence of atriofascicular pathways. These anatomical substrates, however, need to be distinguished from the other long and short accessory pathways which produce decremental atrioventricular conduction. The atriofascicular pathways, along with the long decrementally conducting pathways, have their atrial components located within the vestibule of the tricuspid valve. The short decremental pathways, in contrast, can originate in the vestibules of either the mitral or tricuspid valves.As a starting point, careful analysis of the 12‐lead electrocardiogram, taken during both sinus rhythm and tachycardias, should precede any investigation in the catheterization room. When assessing the patient in the electrophysiological laboratory, the use of programmed electrical stimulation from different intracardiac locations, combined with entrainment technique and activation mapping, should permit the establishment of the properties of the accessory pathways, and localization of its proximal and distal ends. This should provide the answer to the question “is the pathway incorporated into the circuit underlying the clinical tachycardia”. That information is essential for decision‐making with regard to need, and localization of the proper site, for catheter ablation.
Safety of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in cosmetics
Authors: Dréno B. , Alexis A. , Chuberre B. , Marinovich M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTitanium dioxide (TiO2) is widely used in a variety of products including cosmetics. TiO2 in its nanoparticle form (nano‐TiO2) is now the only form used as an ultraviolet (UV) filter in sunscreens, but also in some day creams, foundations and lip balms. While its efficacy as a UV filter is proven in the prevention of skin cancers and sunburns, some concerns have been raised about its safety. Indeed, considering its small size, nano‐TiO2 is suspected to penetrate dermal, respiratory or gastrointestinal barriers, disseminate in the body and therefore constitute a potential risk to the consumer. At the skin level, most studies performed in humans or animals showed that nano‐TiO2 did not penetrate beyond the outer layers of stratum corneum to viable cells and did not reach the general circulation, either in healthy or in compromised skin. The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) considers nano‐TiO2 as a non‐sensitizer and as mild‐ or non‐irritant to skin and concludes in no evidence of carcinogenicity (supported by the European Chemicals Agency), mutagenicity or reproductive toxicity after dermal exposure to nano‐TiO2. According to the SCCS, nano‐TiO2 from sunscreens does not present any health risk when applied on the skin at a concentration up to 25%. However, the SCCS does not recommend the use of nano‐TiO2 in formulations that may lead to exposure of the consumer's lungs by inhalation (sprayable products and powders). Indeed, even if human data are sparse and inconsistent, lung inflammation was reported in animals. In 2016, the EU Cosmetic Regulation made nano‐TiO2 as an authorized UV filter, except in products that could lead to exposure of the lungs. After oral exposure, nano‐TiO2 absorption and toxicity are limited. The incidental oral exposure to nano‐TiO2 contained in lip balms is thus not expected to induce adverse health effects.
Delayed consequences of the influence of simulated geomagnetic storms on roach Rutilus rutilus embryos
Authors: Krylov Viacheslav V. , Chebotareva Yulia V. , Izyumov Yuri G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study presents data collected over a 3 year period on the effects of simulated geomagnetic storms (SGMS) on Eurasian roach Rutilus rutilus embryos. Effects were studied during different stages of early development. Rutilis rutilus were raised in ponds for 4 months after exposure to SGMS. The mass, standard length and morphological characteristics of under‐yearlings exposed as embryos were recorded. A decrease in length–mass indices in under‐yearlings was noted after they had been exposed to SGMS during the first 2 days or during the third and fourth days of early development. Near the time point of 48 h post fertilisation, either no effect or an increased size was observed. In addition, exposure to SGMS led to a redistribution of the vertebral number between the sections of the vertebral column as well as changes in the number of seismosensory system openings in the mandibular and praeoperculum bones of under‐yearlings. Observed effects are similar to previously published data on the influence of anthropogenic magnetic fields on roach, namely changes in linear‐mass indices, number of vertebrae and number of seismosensory system openings in the mandibular bones of under‐yearlings exposed as embryos. Possible mechanisms of magnetic influence on early development of fish are discussed.
Ultrasound assisted encapsulation of peppermint flavor in gum Arabic: Study of process parameters
Authors: Sangolkar Rohit D. , Kawadkar Dilip K. , Bhanvase Bharat A. , Sonawane Shirish H. , Potoroko Irina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the present study, ultrasound assisted encapsulation of peppermint flavor (core material) in gum Arabic (GA; wall material) was carried out in the presence of Tween 80 surfactant. It is well known that the intense environment generated due to cavity collapse in the presence of ultrasonic irradiations help in the preparation of fine emulsion which enhances the encapsulation efficiency of flavor. In this work, the use of ultrasound during encapsulation of peppermint flavor in GA, enhances the encapsulation efficiency to 87%. The effect of various parameters such as flavor concentration, GA concentration, and inlet temperature and feed rate during spray drying on encapsulation efficiency, product yield and particle size was studied. Also, the encapsulation of peppermint flavor in GA was confirmed using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The particles size of obtained nanoparticles after spray drying is in the range of 45.2–255.7 nm. This encapsulation process is believed to enhance the shelf life and stability of flavors that may be protected from outside environment by reducing its reactivity.Practical applicationsComponents of the peppermint flavor are first of all mono and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives, and also phenylpropanoids. These are volatile substances sensitive to oxygen, light, moisture, and heat. Stability and shelf life of peppermint flavor will be lower when it is in liquid state because it is very sensitive to outside environment. This ultrasound assisted encapsulation process improves the processing time and encapsulation efficiency in lesser time which improves its stability and shelf life. Upon investigation of effect of direct exposure of peppermint oil to acoustic cavitation with bath and probe type and obtained FTIR patterns, its properties were found to be unaffected with acoustic cavitation. Further, in the present work, the effect of ultrasonication is little after encapsulation of peppermint flavor in gum Arabic wall material. Further the produced encapsulated materials are having uniform particle size distribution which can be prepared at industrial scale.
Alternate antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from retail meats in Vietnam using RNA‐sequencing analysis
Authors: Nghiem Minh N. , Nguyen Viet T. , Jeung Eui‐Bae , Vo Thuy T. B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the resistome characteristics of Salmonella spp. Contamination found in raw retail beef, pork, and chicken samples collected in Hanoi, Vietnam. Approximately 28% (25/90) of samples tested carried Salmonella bacteria. A total of 13/25 (52%) of these Salmonella bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 9/25 (36%) of the isolates were found to be multidrug resistant. RNA‐seq analysis detected the expression of 107 antibiotic resistance genes (e.g., 22 β‐lactam, 46 aminoglycosides, 8 quinolones, 7 chloramphenicol, 6 tetracycline, and 6 sulfonamide‐trimethoprim resistance genes, and 12 other antimicrobial resistance genes). The parC (S80R and novel mutations A628S) and gyrA (S83F and D87G) mutations contributed to ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella Indiana. The findings illustrate the significant potential for multiple‐antibiotic resistant Salmonella in raw retail meats from Hanoi markets, and also provide abundant data to better understand the multidrug resistant Salmonella resistome.Practical ApplicationsStudying the antibiotic resistance characteristics of Salmonella will provide important information for the prevention, control of diseases as well as food contamination control and regulations on the use of antibiotics in treatment and animal husbandry in order to limit antibiotic resistance of bacteria. Studying the expression genome of Salmonella, especially antibiotic resistance genes in multi‐antibiotic resistant Salmonella isolates, provides insight into the molecular epidemiology of antibiotic resistance genes. More importantly, it is possible to detect new mutations in antibiotic resistance genes that cause antibiotic resistance in Salmonella. In addition, studying the expression genome could help to identify new gene groups that can cause antibiotic resistance in this bacterium.