bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A reforma trabalhista brasileira na dinâmica da economia e seus impactos na regulação pública do trabalho: em diálogo comparado com a reforma em andamento na Argentina.
Authors: Biavaschi Magda Barros , Teixeira Marilane Oliveira 
Published: December 2018

O artigo discute os sentidos da “reforma trabalhista” brasileira, vigente desde novembro de 2017, a partir da dinâmica da economia, em diálogo comparado com a reforma em andamento na Argentina, buscando demonstrar a falácia dos argumentos de seus defensores e, nesse cenário, abordar certos aspectos dessa reforma e seus impactos no sistema de regulação que inclui as instituições públicas, como é o caso da Justiça do Trabalho, bem como destaca as ações de certos atores sociais diante da ofensiva contra direitos duramente conquistados em suas estratégias de resistência. Dessa forma, buscando trazer ao debate elementos sobre a relevância de um sistema público de proteção que contribua para com a construção de uma sociedade menos desigual, o texto aborda o contexto econômico das reformas liberalizantes nos dois países da América Latina: Brasil e Argentina, evidenciando a inconsistência da tese de que, diante do atual desenvolvimento do capitalismo, a reforma seria algo da ordem do “irreversível” em direção ao progresso e à realização da autonomia do indivíduo (Belluzzo, 2013). Discorrendo sobre o signi cado dessas reformas, o artigo destaca alguns de seus aspectos que evidenciam a tentativa de fragilizar a regulação pública, o papel das instituições que atuam no mundo do trabalho e as organizações sindicais. Por fim, depois de algumas considerações sobre os impactos da reforma nas negociações coletivas e nas estratégias de certos atores sociais na construção da resistência, chega às considerações finais.
Digitalização e precariedade laboral: novos desafios para o sindicalismo e os movimentos sociais no contexto português.
Authors: Estanque Elísio , Costa Hermes Augusto , Fonseca Dora , Santos Andreia 
Published: December 2018

A crise financeira iniciada no contexto americano há uma década, ocorrida em paralelo com a digitalização da economia e do trabalho, intensificou a precariedade laboral, colocando desafios acrescidos à representação política e coletiva da classe trabalhadora. Na Europa, nomeadamente em Portugal, essas transformações e as políticas de austeridade produziram alterações significativas ao nível das relações industriais, fomentando diversas ações de protesto. A par da ação dos sindicatos, emergiram vários atores coletivos que se situam no espectro dos movimentos sociais em rede, sublinhando a relevância de respostas coletivas no caso dos trabalhadores precários. Com base em pesquisas empíricas que recorreram à observação participante e a entrevistas em profundidade, neste artigo são apresentados dois estudos de caso, um confederal e outro setorial, que confrontam fatores de cooperação e tensão entre sindicatos e organizações emergentes de trabalhadores precários, no quadro do combate à precariedade laboral imposta pela austeridade. O nosso objetivo é identificar, com base nessas clivagens e aproximações, possíveis caminhos para o fortalecimento da identidade coletiva dos trabalhadores dando especial atenção ao segmento dos precários, pela sua importância enquanto parte integrante da força de trabalho, ao mesmo tempo que é enfatizado o papel dos recursos de poder e das novas tecnologias na emergência de respostas inovadoras.
International Contemporaneity and the Third Havana Bienal (1989)
Authors: Bruce Amy 
Published: December 2018

Cet article se concentre sur la troisième Biennale de La Havane (1989) et analyse la conception de la contemporanéité internationale que propose Reiko Tomii afin de diversifier l’histoire des biennales. La contemporanéité internationale mobilise des pratiques locales pour construire des analyses globales qui développent une compréhension polycentrique de l’histoire mondiale de l’art. De même, l’approche commissariale de cette troisième édition visait à décentrer l’art contemporain, en créant une exposition pour les milieux artistiques marginalisés à un moment de tensions politiques, culturelles et économiques à Cuba, et de crise politique mondiale. La troisième Biennale de La Havane s’opposait aux discours eurocentriques dominants de l’histoire de l’art en préconisant la coexistence des multiples arts contemporains.
Shell variability in the stem turtlesProterochersisspp.
Authors: Szczygielski Tomasz , Słowiak Justyna , Dróżdż Dawid 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundTurtle shells tend to exhibit frequent and substantial variability, both in bone and scute layout. Aside from secondary changes, caused by diseases, parasites, and trauma, this variability appears to be inherent and result from stochastic or externally induced flaws of developmental programs. It is, thus, expected to be present in fossil turtle species at least as prominently, as in modern populations. Descriptions of variability and ontogeny are, however, rare for fossil turtles, mainly due to rarity, incompleteness, damage, and post-mortem deformation of their remains. This paper is an attempt at description and interpretation of external shell variability in representatives of the oldest true turtles,Proterochersis robustaandProterochersis porebensis(Proterochersidae, the sister group to all other known testudinatans) from the Late Triassic (Norian) of Germany and Poland.MethodsAll the available shell remains ofProterochersis robusta(13 specimens) andProterochersis porebensis(275 specimens) were studied morphologically in order to identify any ontogenetic changes, intraspecific variability, sexual dimorphism, and shell abnormalities. To test the inferred sexual dimorphism, shape analyses were performed for two regions (gular and anal) of the plastron.ResultsProterochersisspp. exhibits large shell variability, and at least some of the observed changes seem to be correlated with ontogeny (growth of gulars, extragulars, caudals, and marginals, disappearance of middorsal keel on the carapace). Several specimens show abnormal layout of scute sulci, several others unusual morphologies of vertebral scute areas, one has an additional pair of plastral scutes, and one extraordinarily pronounced, likely pathological, growth rings on the carapace. Both species are represented in a wide spectrum of sizes, from hatchlings to old, mature individuals. The largest fragmentary specimens ofProterochersis porebensisallow estimation of its maximal carapace length at approximately 80 cm, whileProterochersis robustaappears to have reached lower maximal sizes.DiscussionThis is the second contribution describing variability among numerous specimens of Triassic turtles, and the first to show evidence of unambiguous shell abnormalities. Presented data supplement the sparse knowledge of shell scute development in the earliest turtles and suggest that at least some aspects of the developmental programs governing scute development were already similar in the Late Triassic to these of modern forms.
Effect of E Cigarette Emissions on Tracheal Cells Monitored at the Air–Liquid Interface Using an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
Authors: Ferro Magali P. , Leclerc Lara , Sleiman Mohamad , Marchiori Bastien , Pourchez Jérémie , Owens Roisin M. , Ramuz Marc 
Published: December 2018

AbstractE‐cigarettes have been suggested as a potentially healthier alternative to cigarettes based on studies using cell viability, DNA damage, and transcriptional response assays. However, little is known about the effect of e‐cigarette aerosols on the integrity of the tracheal epithelium, specifically with respect to barrier resistance. This is partly due to the lack of methods for monitoring epithelia at the air–liquid interface (ALI), i.e., under physiological conditions. Here, it is shown that an organic electrochemical transistor can be adapted for the measurement of barrier resistance at the ALI. This technology enables accurate, continuous quantification of tracheal barrier integrity through the use of a conformable gate electrode placed on top of the cell‐secreted mucus, obviating the need for addition of culture medium or buffer as a conductance medium for rigid electrodes. This platform allows for the detection of a dose‐dependent, rapid decrease in barrier resistance of an in vitro model of human bronchial epithelium (MucilAir) after E‐cigarette aerosols exposure. The system represents a powerful tool to study tissue responses of the human airway epithelium to inhaled smoke. The same technology will have broad applications for toxicology studies on other tissues with ALI, including other airway tissues and skin.
High‐Performance Deep‐Red/Near‐Infrared OLEDs with Tetradentate [Pt(O^N^C^N)] Emitters
Authors: Cheng Gang , Wan Qingyun , Ang Wai‐Hung , Kwong Chun‐Lam , To Wai‐Pong , Chow Pui‐Keong , Kwok Chi‐Chung , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe emission properties of two series of tetradentate Pt(II) emitters in aggregation forms are studied by density functional theory (DFT), time‐dependent DFT calculations, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. PL quantum yields (PLQYs) of the complexes bearing type‐I O^N^C^N ligands (Pt‐X‐1andPt‐X‐2) increase with the dopant concentration in thin film until 100% [pristine Pt(II) complexes]. For complexes bearing type‐II O^N^C^N ligands (Pt‐X‐3toPt‐X‐5), their PLQYs in thin film increase as the dopant concentration increases up to a certain threshold and then quickly decrease with further increase in dopant concentration. Organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs) with neat and doped Pt(II) emitters are fabricated and characterized. High‐efficiency near‐infrared OLEDs with λmaxexceeding 700 nm and external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of up to 15.84% are realized by using a neatPt‐X‐1thin film as the emitting layer (EML). For this device, a high EQE of 11.19% is retained at high current density of 100 mA cm−2; by dopingPt‐X‐5(26 wt%) into a co‐host structure EML, a red emission with λmaxof 661 nm, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.63, 0.37), and EQE of 21.75% at 1000 cd m−2are achieved.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Emerging Solar Cells: Synthesis and Electrode Applications
Authors: Jeon Il , Xiang Rong , Shawky Ahmed , Matsuo Yutaka , Maruyama Shigeo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEmerging solar cells, namely, organic solar cells and perovskite solar cells, are the thin‐film photovoltaics that have light to electricity conversion efficiencies close to that of silicon solar cells while possessing advantages in having additional functionalities, facile‐processability, and low fabrication cost. To maximize these advantages, the electrode components must be replaced by materials that are more flexible and cost‐effective. Researchers around the globe have been looking for the new electrodes that meet these requirements. Among many candidates, single‐walled carbon nanotubes have demonstrated their feasibility as the new alternative to conventional electrodes, such as indium tin oxide and metals. This review discusses various growth methods of single‐walled carbon nanotubes and their electrode applications in thin‐film photovoltaics.
Evaluating macroscopic sex estimation methods using genetically sexed archaeological material: The medieval skeletal collection from St John's Divinity School, Cambridge
Authors: Inskip Sarah , Scheib Christiana L. , Wohns Anthony Wilder , Ge Xiangyu , Kivisild Toomas , Robb John 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectivesIn tests on known individuals macroscopic sex estimation has between 70% and 98% accuracy. However, materials used to create and test these methods are overwhelming modern. As sexual dimorphism is dependent on multiple factors, it is unclear whether macroscopic methods have similar success on earlier materials, which differ in lifestyle and nutrition. This research aims to assess the accuracy of commonly used traits by comparing macroscopic sex estimates to genetic sex in medieval English material.Materials and MethodsSixty‐six individuals from the 13th to 16th century Hospital of St John the Evangelist, Cambridge, were assessed. Genetic sex was determined using a shotgun approach. Eighteen skeletal traits were examined, and macroscopic sex estimates were derived from the os coxae, skull, and os coxae and skull combined. Each trait was tested for accuracy to explore sex estimates errors.ResultsThe combined estimate (97.7%) outperformed the os coxae only estimate (95.7%), which outperformed the skull only estimate (90.4%). Accuracy rates for individual traits varied: Phenice traits were most accurate, whereas supraorbital margins, frontal bossing, and gonial flaring were least accurate. The preauricular sulcus and arc compose showed a bias in accuracy between sexes.DiscussionMacroscopic sex estimates are accurate when applied to medieval material from Cambridge. However, low trait accuracy rates may relate to differences in dimorphism between the method derivative sample and the St John's collection. Given the sex bias, the preauricular sulcus, frontal bossing, and arc compose should be reconsidered as appropriate traits for sex estimation for this group.
CdS nanospheres hybridized with graphitic C3N4 for effective photocatalytic hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation
Authors: Yuan Shenhao , Wang Yanyun , Zhang Yiwei , Zhu Wenyu , Lv Xushuai , Wu Yangjin , Zhou Yuming , Chen Wenxia 
Published: December 2018

Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4)‐based photocatalysts have received considerable attention in the field of photocatalysis, especially for photocatalytic H2 evolution. However, the intrinsic disadvantages of g‐C3N4 seriously limit its practical application. Herein, CdS nanospheres with an average diameter of 135 nm prepared using a solvothermal method were used as co‐catalysts to form CdS/g‐C3N4 composites (CSCN) to enhance the photocatalytic activity. Various techniques were employed to characterize the structure, composition and optical properties of the as‐prepared samples. It was found that the CdS nanospheres were relatively uniformly dispersed on the surface of g‐C3N4. Moreover, the photocatalytic H2 generation activity of the samples was evaluated using lactic acid as sacrificial reagent in water under visible light irradiation. When the amount of CdS nanospheres loaded in the hybridized composites was 5 wt%, the optimal H2 evolution rate reached 924 μmol g−1 h−1, which was approximately 1.4 times higher than that (680 μmol g−1 h−1) of Pt/g‐C3N4 (3 wt%). Based on the results of analysis, a possible mechanism for the photocatalytic activity of CSCN is proposed tentatively.
Enhanced peroxidase‐like activity of MMT‐supported cuprous oxide nanocomposites toward rapid colorimetric estimation of H2O2
Authors: Lian Siming , Gao Linna , Chen Miaomiao , Liu Zhenxue , Qiu Jun , Zhang Xiao , Luo Xiliang , Zeng Rongchang , Liu Qingyun 
Published: December 2018

Nanocomposites based on Cu2O and Ca‐montmorillonite (Ca+‐MMT) with different composition were successfully prepared via a simple hydrothermal method. The as‐prepared Cu2O‐MMT nanocomposites can rapidly catalytically oxidize the colorless chromogenic substrate, 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzydine (TMB) into blue oxTMB with the aid of the H2O2 only in 30 s, which were observed by the naked eye. The reaction catalyzed by the Cu2O‐MMT nanocomposites followed the Michaelis–Menten kinetics. Compared to the MMT or Cu2O alone, Cu2O‐MMT with different mass ratio exhibited an enhanced peroxidase‐like activity. The fabricated H2O2 sensor exhibited a good response to H2O2 with a linear detection range from 3 to 80 μM as well as a detection limit of 2.395 μM. Taking the advantages of the Cu2O‐MMT nanocomposites, including outstanding peroxidase‐like activity and high sensitivity for colorimetric detection of H2O2, a colorimetric sensor based on the Cu2O‐MMT nanocomposites was designed and used to rapidly detect H2O2 in a short time.
Green chemical synthesis of Pd nanoparticles for use as efficient catalyst in Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction
Authors: Phukan Shreemoyee , Mahanta Abhijit , Kakati Dwipen , Rashid Md. Harunar 
Published: December 2018

Herein, we report the synthesis of tiny spherical Pd nanoparticles (NPs) by green chemical method under ambient conditions using flower extract of Lantana camara plant. The size of the Pd NPs is tunable from 4.7 to 6.3 nm by systematically controlling the concentration of either metal ions or plant extract. The synthesized Pd NPs were well characterized by different spectroscopic, microscopic and diffractometric techniques. The Pd NPs offered good size‐dependent catalytic activity in the Suzuki‐Miyaura C‐C coupling reaction under mild reaction conditions in (1: 1) water‐ethanol mixture. The catalyst is stable and exhibited excellent reusability up to three cycles of coupling reaction after which the catalytic activity decreases.
Bioattenuation of phenol and cyanide involving immobilised spent tea activated carbon with Alcaligenes faecalis JF339228: Critical assessment of the degraded intermediates
Authors: Pathak Uttarini , Roy Ananya , Mandal Dalia Dasgupta , Das Papita , Kumar Tarkeshwar , Mandal Tamal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe current study is designed for the eradication of phenol and cyanide from a simulated binary mixture involving acetic acid modified spent tea activated carbon (STAC‐C), isolated bacterial strain Alcaligenes faecalis JF339228, and immobilized A. faecalis JF339228 onto spent tea biochar by an amalgamated approach of sorption coupled with biodegradation. Characterisation of the biosorbent was ascertained by field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The viability for eco‐benign expulsion of the pernicious pollutants, and the resultant compounds after treatment was examined by fluorescence and UV‐visible spectrophotometry with comprehensive elucidation of the interactions with DNA. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) anatomization was conducted for the evaluation of degraded derivatives post‐treatment. The chemical and structural analysis of the degraded compounds and its impact upon disposal on the basis of degree of toxicity and reactivity were evaluated using TOXTREE software. Batch studies were implemented for the evaluation of process parameters like pH, reaction time, biosorbent or inoculum dosage, initial concentration, and temperature. Mono and binary component isotherm modelling was executed. Immobilised cells and free cells could accomplish better removal efficacy of 94.71% and 92.25% for cyanide, respectively, whereas adsorption using STAC‐C was responsible for maximum removal of phenol up to 86.29%.
A Design Strategy for Single‐Stranded Helicates using Pyridine‐Hydrazone Ligands and PbII
Authors: Lobo Maureen J. , Moratti Stephen C. , Hanton Lyall R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe reactions of py‐hz ligands (L1–L5) with Pb(CF3SO3)2⋅H2O resulted in some rare examples of discrete single‐stranded helical PbII complexes. L1 and L2 formed non‐helical mononuclear complexes [PbL1(CF3SO3)2]⋅CHCl3 and PbL2(CF3SO3)2][PbL2CF3SO3]CF3SO3⋅CH3CN, which reflected the high coordination number and effective saturation of PbII by the ligands. The reaction of L3 with PbII resulted in a dinuclear meso‐helicate [Pb2L3(CF3SO3)2Br]CF3SO3⋅CH3CN with a stereochemically‐active lone pair on PbII. L4 directed single‐stranded helicates with PbII, including [Pb2L4(CF3SO3)3]CF3SO3⋅CH3CN and [Pb2L4CF3SO3(CH3OH)2](CF3SO3)3⋅2 CH3OH⋅2 H2O. The acryloyl‐modified py‐hz ligand L5 formed helical and non‐helical complexes with PbII, including a trinuclear PbII complex [Pb3L5(CF3SO3)5]CF3SO3⋅3CH3CN⋅Et2O. The high denticity of the long‐stranded py‐hz ligands L4 and L5 was essential to the formation of single‐stranded helicates with PbII.
Intact counterfactual emotion processing in autism spectrum disorder: Evidence from eye‐tracking
Authors: Black Jo , Barzy Mahsa , Williams David , Ferguson Heather 
Published: December 2018

Counterfactual emotions, such as regret and relief, require an awareness of how things could have been different. We report a preregistered experiment that examines how adults with and without ASD process counterfactual emotions in real‐time, based on research showing that the developmental trajectory of counterfactual thinking may be disrupted in people with ASD. Participants were eye‐tracked as they read narratives in which a character made an explicit decision then subsequently experienced either a mildly negative or positive outcome. The final sentence in each story included an explicit remark about the character's mood that was either consistent or inconsistent with the character's expected feelings of regret or relief (e.g., “… she feels happy/annoyed about her decision.”). Results showed that adults with ASD are unimpaired in processing emotions based on counterfactual reasoning, and in fact showed earlier sensitivity to inconsistencies within relief contexts compared to TD participants. This finding highlights a previously unknown strength in empathy and emotion processing in adults with ASD, which may have been masked in previous research that has typically relied on explicit, response‐based measures to record emotional inferences, which are likely to be susceptible to demand characteristics and response biases. Therefore, this study highlights the value of employing implicit measures that provide insights on peoples' immediate responses to emotional content without disrupting ongoing processing. Autism Res 2019, 12: 422–444 © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryDespite known difficulties with empathy and perspective‐taking, we found that adults with autism are unimpaired at inferring complex emotions (regret and relief) in others. This finding extends existing evidence showing dysfunctional counterfactual thinking in children with autism. We highlight the value of using implicit measures to identify strengths and abilities in ASD that may be masked by explicit tasks that require participants to interact socially or report their own thoughts.
The effect and influence of undergraduate research on medical undergraduates in China
Authors: Huang Qiangru , Yue Zhihao , Lin Junqing , Zhang Yangyi , Yuan Shuang , Zhuang Quan , Peng Cheng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUndergraduate research (UR) refers to a series of scientific research activities for undergraduates. For the past few years in China, medical colleges and universities have increasingly attached importance on UR, aiming to provide undergraduates with better scientific research conditions, improve their understanding about scientific research and their basic scientific skills. Chinese medical undergraduates participate in scientific research spontaneously. However, the specific effects of UR are still unclear. In China, few quantitative standards to evaluate the detailed roles and effects of medical undergraduates' UR are available yet. To explore how UR influences Chinese medical undergraduates' scientific research abilities and their individual development, we conduct a cross‐sectional analytical study by anonymous self‐administered questionnaires. The questionnaires access the scientific research capabilities and qualities of students. The results show that students who participate in UR are equipped with better self‐evaluation of designing research projects, using statistical software, making figures and charts, evaluating experimental results and performing experiments than those who do not; and the students who persist in UR have the highest self‐evaluation on the abilities mentioned above. Hence, through quantitative criteria, it can be concluded that UR can help Chinese medical undergraduates build interest in scientific research, develop scientific thinking and basic research capacities, and set a solid foundation for future research. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(1):41–50, 2018.