bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Optimization by Response Surface Methodology to Enhance Lipase Production by Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Mehta Akshita , Sharma Roji , Gupta Reena 
Published: April 2019

Background:Lipases have various commercial applications and microorganisms serve as a potential source of production.Objective:The aim of this paper was to study the effect of interactions among different production parameters on lipase yield ofAspergillus fumigatus.Method:Plackett Burman and Central Composite Design (CCD) were established by using Design Expert software 10.0.Results:In the present study, interactions were studied for six different variables such as inoculum size, pH, temperature, galactose concentration, peptone concentration and incubation time. In Plackett-Burman design, galactose concentration, peptone concentration, pH and incubation time were found to be important factors. Using the statistical approach, the optimum factors were found to be as: galactose concentration (1.5%), peptone concentration (1.8%), pH (10.0) and incubation time (72 h) at 45°C under response surface curves. Upon statistical analysis, the coefficient of determination (R2) obtained was 0.9318 which showed that the model was significant.Conclusion:The statistical tools used predicted the optimal conditions for the production of the lipase. The optimized parameters were galactose concentration 1.5%, peptone concentration 1.4%, temperature 45°C, pH 10.0 and incubation time of 72 h for obtaining a maximum lipase activity of 6.22 U/ml.
Muscle Damage in Different Approaches in Total Hip Arthroplasty According to Serum Markers
Authors: Tottas Stylianos , Fiska Aliki , Kougioumtzis Ioannis , Ververidis Athanasios , Tilkeridis Konstantinos , Drosos Georgios I 
Published: April 2019

Background:Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) is the final treatment of end-stage hip osteoarthritis. Nowadays, THA has become very common, cost- effective and one of the most successful orthopaedic procedures. Recently, surgeons have shifted their interest to approaches according to Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). These approaches are either modifications of conventional approaches or they are designed from the beginning as MIS approaches. Muscle damage and soft tissue damage are issues that concern researchers who perform studies on THA.Objective:The aim of this study is to review the literature concerning studies by comparing different approaches using serum and inflammatory markers for muscle and soft tissue damage.Methods:We searched the PubMed database in the English language systematically for clinical studies or reviews, comparing muscle damage according to serum markers between two or more approaches in primary total arthroplasty.Results:In total, twenty-one studies were included in this review. Although the results are controversial, it seems that MIS approaches in most of the studies were related to lower levels of inflammation markers contrasting with conventional approaches. Nevertheless, this difference in muscle damage is not correlated with a difference in functional scores or other perioperative data and clinical outcomes in all studies.Conclusion:The existing literature does not lead to a safe consensus about the superiority of any approach. Therefore, there is still a need for further research with well-designed studies.
Energy Cost and Energy Sources of an Elite Female Soccer Player to Repeated Sprint Ability Test: A Case Study
Authors: Perroni Fabrizio , Emerenziani Gian Pietro , Pentenè Fabrizio , Gallotta Maria Chiara , Guidetti Laura , Baldari Carlo 
Published: April 2019

Background:Intense physical efforts performed at maximal or near-maximal speeds and the ability to recover among sprint are important characteristics of a soccer player. In the last years, women's soccer has become a rapidly and markedly growing sport (+34% of new players from 2000).Objective:The aim of this case study was to analyse the performance (total time –TT; fatigue index percentage -IF%) and physiological (aerobic and anaerobic) responses to Repeated Sprint Ability test (RSAt) of an elite female player.Methods:To identify the contribution of the 3 energy sources at the beginning, middle, and at the end of the different sprint of RSAt performance in a female player (age: 30 years; BMI: 20.3 kg/m2), which requested 7x30 m sprints (25 s active recovery among sprints) with a change of direction, a portable metabolimeter and software dedicated were used. A repeated measure MANOVA over the 7 sprints time series was applied (p< 0.05).Results:Results showed that TT was 58.71 s (Ideal Time: 56.98 s) with IF% of 3.0%. Energy contributions were given for 80.3% by aerobic, 19.2% by anaerobic lactid, and 0.5% by anaerobic alactid sources. We have found different kinetics in the heart rate (HR) and maximum oxygen uptake with the oxygen uptake that reached the peak when HR was still rising.Conclusion:Considering that the energy consumption during intermittent exercises requires different metabolism as a result of physiological stimuli proposed, the present findings substantiate the need to choose specific and adequate training methods for female soccer players that aim at increasing their RSA performances.
Significance of Mitral M-Mode Vp (Velocity Propagation) for Estimating Mitral Valve Area and Severity in Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Napitupulu Bertha Gabriela , Hasan Harris 
Published: April 2019

Background: Confirming mitral valve area (MVA) by planimetry is one of the standard procedures for assessing mitral stenosis but MVA were frequently need to be confirmed by other echocardiography parameters that only available in sophisticated centers. Our aim was to evaluate the significance of a simple mitral inflow color M-mode velocity propagation (Vp) for estimating MVA and MS severity.Methods: The best color view of MS jet were taken from apical 4 chamber, the nyquist limit were adjusted for aliasing the central highest velocity, then M-mode were applied to MV to calculate Vp by measuring the slope of the blue jet with the first aliasing velocity. MVA,PHT and mean transmitral gradient were analyzed with Pearson correlation and linear regression. Predictive discrimination value of Vp were analyzed by ROC.Results: Thirty one MS patients had mean MVA planimetry 0.99 ± 0.35 cm2 and mean Vp 64.49 ± 21.63 cm/s. Vp that were found to have a strong negative correlation with MVA (Spearman rho -0.865, p < 0.01). Vp had a good predictive discrimination value as from AUC 0.931. Vp were found to have a moderate correlation with MVA by PHT ( Spearman rho -0.621, p <0.01). Vp more than 55 cm/s had 93.8% sensitivity and 86.7% specificity to distinguish severe MS.Conclusions: By making use of the high temporal resolution of M-mode, a simple color Mitral M-Mode Vp were found statistically significant for estimating MVA severity in MS. Interventional decision for MS could also consider Vp for its strong correlation with MVA on MS, especially for helping on targeting moderate to severe MS in rural and limited centers.
Studi Kesiapan Konsep Personal Higiene pada Masyarakat Menuju Desa Wisata Edukasi Kulinologi
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad Prasetya , Kristanti Novita Erma , Wahyudin Mohammad , Bachtiar Wildan Fajar , Astari Annisa Dwi 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT The identification of the community's readiness to develop their capability from farming to culinary to support food security needs understanding and awareness about personal hygiene. Observations, interviews, and questionnaires were used to determine 100 respondents from 8 sub villages in Banyusoco, Playen, Gunungkidul. The level of knowledge, understanding, and awareness of self-hygiene is explored from the implementation of socialization, the impact of dissemination and training activities, the frequency of hand washing before handling food, the frequency of handwashing with soap or disinfectant after using the toilet, at the dining area, and time for at least 20 seconds use of soap. Readiness analysis is also reviewed from the level of education. The results of identification show that daily habits that affect consciousness are needed. However, further research and dissemination are needed to explain the differences between behavioral reports, abilities, and awareness.Keywords: dissemination, practice, knowledge, consciousness, personal hygiene
Capitalismo conducido por las finanzas y financiarización de la industria farmacéutica de Estados Unidos
Authors: Baranes Avraham Izhar 
Published: April 2019

<p>El análisis de las etapas del capitalismo de Minsky ofrece un conjunto analítico útil para entender no solo la transformación de la economía estadounidense, sino también de la empresa de negocios. Usando el concepto de empresa de negocios de la microeconómica heterodoxa, este artículo examina su evolución, enfocado en cómo la empresa se financiariza, bajo el capitalismo conducido por las finanzas (CCF). Es importante el creciente papel que los activos intangibles han tenido en generar ganancias para los accionistas. Esto se ve claramente en la industria farmaceútica estadounidense, en donde se ha visto que tienen un papel creciente en el balance los activos intangibles. Aunque muchas investigaciones han enfatizado la desigualdad económica, la inestabilidad y los altos precios de las medicinas, es importante conocer el papel que la financiarización de la economía ha tenido para generar estos problemas.</p><p> </p>
Ciclo largo y sistema financiero: Crisis, contracción del crédito y ganancia
Authors: Aguirre Teresa 
Published: April 2019

<p>Los ciclos económicos y el sistema financiero se relacionan de diferentes maneras, una de las más destacas que han analizado la relación entre el ciclo económico y finanzas, ha sido el estudio de las ondas largas o ciclos Kondratieff. Otra forma de análisis ha sido a través del ciclo monetario que conduce a las crisis financieras (Minsky y Kindleberger entre los más conocidos) y finalmente una manera distinta ha sido el estudio de las particularidades de cada ciclo de auge-frenesí financiero y declive. Este trabajo propone un breve recuento de cómo se ha analizado la relación: capital productivo y financiero en las ondas largas, a través del planteamiento de tres de tres autores que han marcado hitos en el análisis: Nikolai Kondratieff, Ernest Mandel y Carlota Pérez. Nuestro objetivo es indagar sobre una pregunta central que se hace de manera reiterada: ¿por qué a pesar de la revolución científico-técnica basada en la informática, con el desarrollo de la robótica, cibernética, biotecnología y nanotecnología, no se ha logrado una etapa de crecimiento sólida y sostenida que dé lugar a una etapa expansiva.</p><p> </p>
La necesidad de una nueva administración pública
Authors: Galbraith James K. 
Published: April 2019

<p align="right"> </p><p>El modelo económico de acuerdo con el cual los mercados se equilibran por si mismos descansa sobre una visión del mundo de harmonía y estasis que retorna a la China clásica, y ha sido completamente rechazado en todos los campos de la ciencia y también en la economía política en el siglo XIX. De alguna manera sobrevive en los libros de texto de economía hasta el día de hoy. Una nueva administración pública necesita apoyarse en los hábitos científicos modernos, reconociendo que todos los sistemas biológicos, mecánicos y sociales requieren de una regulación efectiva, no para “reducir externalidades” sino porque de otra manera no puede existir en absoluto. Una vez que se reconoce esto, la tarea del gobierno es hacer que funcionen bien la regulación y la provisión pública de servicios, minimizando la depredación, el parasitismo, la fuerza y el fraude. </p><div><br clear="all" /><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /><div><p> </p></div></div>
La hipótesis de la inestabilidad financiera: una propuesta de desarrollo
Authors: Delgado Selley Orlando 
Published: April 2019

<p>En este trabajo se hace una revisión de las contribuciones de Minsky para la construcción de una teoría que, siguiendo los planteamientos de Keynes, permite explicar la tendencia de las economías modernas a la inestabilidad. En seguida se incorpora una propuesta de desarrollo a la hipótesis de la inestabilidad financiera (HIF) hecha por A. Vercelli, que permite añadir a los tres tipos de unidades económicas consideradas por Minsky otros tres tipos de unidades económicas, entre las que aparecen los hogares, lo que amplía las posibilidades analíticas de la HIF para explicar el funcionamiento de la economía y, particularmente, el episodio crítico de 2007.</p><div><br /><div><p> </p></div></div>
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KONTROL DEBIT AIR PADA POMPA PARALEL BERBASIS ARDUINO
Authors: Saputra Edo , Kabib Masruki , Nugraha Bachtiar Satya 
Published: April 2019

Pompa merupakan alat yang digunakan untuk memindahkan fluida atau air dari bak penampung air yang satu kebak penampung air yang lain. Sistem pompa paralel adalah sebuah sistem yang terdiri dari beberapa unit pompa, sistem perpipaan dan panel kontrol yang dihubungkan untuk dapat menghasilkan kapasitas air yang lebih besar selain itu bisa sebagai pompa cadangan ketika pompa yang satu sedang rusak atau pompa dalam proses perbaikan. Perancangan sistem kontrol debit air pada pompa paralel bertujuan mengontrol debit air pada pompa yang disusun paralel dengan daya pompa berbeda. Menggunakan daya pompa 75Watt, 125Watt, dan 200Watt dengan sensor flow meter untuk membaca debit air yang diolah menggunakan mikrokontroler arduino atmega 2560. Hasil pengendalian debit maksimal 15 liter/menit dan pengendalian debit maksimal 80 liter/menit, data penyimpangan pengendalian debit 0,9 liter/menit. Kata Kunci : debit aliran, pompal paralel, sistem kontrol
Effect of Micronutrients on The Two Qatari Date Palm Cultivars Shishi and Lulu Through in Vitro Technic
Authors: Aqeel Sara , A. Sidky Rehab 
Published: April 2019

Plant tissue responds to nutrient media due to the plant cultivars genetic diversity. The objective of this research is to determine the effects of micronutrients on date palm growth and which of these micronutrients are critical for improving growth combined with Paclobutrazol or without on in vitro of elongation stage. In vitro growth of two cultivars were determined by varying five treatments that included minor salts (EDTA-chelated iron, CuSo4,) alone or combined with Paclobutrazol. The effects of these five treatments on plantlet length, trunk thickness, rooting number and Chlorophyll A, B was investigated. The results obtained after three months showed that, increasing copper sulphate on MS elongation media combined with Paclobutrazol was more effective for increasing the trunk thickness as well as rooting number compared with normal MS level. While poor response was found when Fe was increased in the chelated form of Fe-EDTA on MS elongation media. For cultivars, Shishi gave the highest plantlets length as well as root number. The maximum content of chlorophylls A and B were observed when copper sulphate was increased on MS elongation media with cultivar Lulu. The survival rate after 3 months was related to the medium used during the elongation phase, the survival of plantlets reached to 98.66% with cultivar lulu at the acclimatization stage.
Awareness of the health implications of use of biomass energy sources among women in rural households of Jigawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Orifah Martins Olusegun , Ijeoma Messiah Chijioke , Ehien Alfred Ehizua , Nasiru Ado , Fadairo Olushola Samuel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Various health challenges and fatalities in rural communities of most developing countries of the world have been traceable to the unabated use of biomass energy sources. We therefore assessed the awareness of the health implications of the use of biomass energy sources among women in rural households of Jigawa State. Multistage sampling procedure was used to collect data from 120 respondents using structured questionnaires. Data were collected on respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, types of biomass used, information sources on the health implications from use of biomass energy sources, awareness of the health implications and constraints to the use of alternatives to biomass. Data were summarised using frequencies, percentages, means, Chi-square and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Majority of the respondents (78.3 %) were below 40 years of age with a mean age of 30 ± 2.02 years. Majority were married (90.8 %), Muslims (100 %), involved in agro-processing (65.8 %), had no formal education (73.3 %), and earned not more than ₦10, 000 (90.8 %) with mean household size of 9 members. Wood (100 %) and charcoal (100 %) were the dominant biomass energy sources used. Respondents’ main source of information on the health implications of the use of biomass were radio (64.2 %) and extension agents (54.2 %). Awareness level of the health implications from the use of biomass energy sources was fairly high (51.7 %). High cost of the alternatives, scarcity of refilling points and alternatives and lack of capital were the main hindrances to the use of the alternatives to biomass energy sources. The result on the inferential statistics revealed that a significant association existed between education (χ2 = 6.08; P < 0.05) and awareness of health implications from the use of biomass. Efforts should be made to sensitize women on the health implications resulting from the use of biomass. Alternatives should be made available and affordable to encourage a switch from biomass energy sources thereby reducing the fatalities that may result from its continual use.
Instrumental analysis of health status of Quercus petraea stands in the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Trenyik Petra , Skutai Julianna , Szirmai Orsolya , Czóbel Szilárd 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Numerous prognoses indicate that climate change will manifest itself in extreme climatic conditions. Therefore, it will be of high importance to know in what extent can plant communities and certain species adapt to altering environmental conditions. Our examinations were implemented in stands of sessile oak common in the Carpathian Basin. The reason behind it has been that, according to climatic models, the realized niche of this species can be reduced by 80% in some regions by 2050. Examinations were made in 3 points of an approximately 400 km long (East-West) transsect crossing the Carpathian Basin: 3 submontane regions of a subatlantic, a continental and a subcarpathian mountain were involved with 5 age groups in each regions. Health status examinations of sessile oaks have been completed by using FAKOPP 3D acoustic tomograph. Among the three venues trees of the subatlantic area were the healthiest; here, the 100 years old age group showed the lowest deterioration, only 0.68%. The most severely deteriorated stands occur in the continental region where the value in the 60 years old age group reached 4.24%. It seems that, besides annual precipitation, the method of planting also influences the health status of stands, since considerable differences could be observed between coppice and seedling stands.
Compressive strength of calcium silicate-based cement
Authors: Galić Vanja Opačić , Stamenić Zoran , Petrović Violeta , Jokanović Vukoman , Živković Slavoljub 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Introduction The aim of this study was to compare compressive strength (Cs) of new nanostructural calcium silicate based cement (nCS) with commercial calcium silicate cement and conventional GIC. Methods Four nanostructural materials were tested: nanostructural calcium silicate based cement (nCS) (Jokanović et al.), MTA Plus (Cerkamed, Poland), Fuji IX (GC Corporation, Japan) and Ketac Universal Aplicap (3M ESPE, USA). Five samples of each material were mixed in accordance with manifecturer’s guidelines and positioned in metal moulds (ϕ4mm and 6mm). Compressive strength (Cs) expressed in MPa was determined after 24 hours, 7 days and 28 days respectively. Measurements were performed on universal testing equipment (Tinius Olsen, USA) at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min. For processing the results one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test were used. Results The highest values of compressive strength after 24h was found in conventional GIC Fuji IX (mean 38.56±13.31) and Ketac Universal (mean 40.77±7.96). Calcium silicate cements after 24h showed low values of compressive strength (MTA Plus 5.91±0.28 MPa, nCS 1.35±0.36 MPa). After 7 days, FUJI IX 47.42±9.33 MPa and Ketac Universal 35.25±10.60 MPa showed higher value of compressive strength than MTA Plus (15.09±2.77 MPa) and nCS (11.06±0.88 MPa). After 28 days the Cs value for conventional GIC Fuji IX was 48.03±7.82 MPa and Ketac Universal 36.65±11.13 MPa while for calcium silicate cements it was 16.47±1.89 MPa and nCS 14.39±1.63 MPa. There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in Cs between conventional GIC and CS cements after 24h, 7 and 28 days. Conclusions Calcium silicate cements initially showed lower values of compressive strength than conventional GIC that increased over time.
Stem cells in tissue engineering – dynamic cultivation requirement
Authors: Trišić Dijana , Jokanović Vukoman , Antonijević Đorđe , Marković Dejan 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Stem cells have shown great potential for in vitro tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, cell therapy and pharmaceutical applications. All these applications, especially in clinical trials, will require guided production of high-quality cells. Traditional culture techniques and applications have been performed for the majority of primary and established cell lines and standardized for various analyses. Still, these culture conditions are unable to mimic dynamic and specialized three-dimensional microenvironment of the stem cells’ niche from in vivo conditions. In an attempt to provide biomimetic microenvironments for stem cells in vitro growth, three-dimensional culture techniques have been developed. In our study advantages of newly developed porous scaffolds as the most promising in vitro imitation of niche that provides physical support, enables cell growth, regeneration and neovascularization, while they are replaced in time with newly created tissue was explained. Furthermore, dynamic cultivation techniques have been described, as new way of cell culturing that will be the main subject of our future research. In that manner, by developing an optimal dynamic culturing method, high-quality new cells and tissues would be possible to obtain, for any future clinical application.
The application of MTA as apical plug for root canal obturation – in vitro study
Authors: Matović Ivan , Ilić Dragan V. , Petrović Renata , Ostojić Dejan 
Published: April 2019

Summary
Introduction Prognosis of endodontically treated tooth is directly correlated to the quality of apical obturation. Modern concept of endodontics in particular way points out the quality of apical filling. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of root canal obturation with MTA apical plug using the method of gas (argon) penetration.
Material and Methods Sixty-six freshly extracted single rooted (single canal) teeth were divided into the two experimental (30 teeth) and one control group (6). All canals were instrumented using hand and rotary files in step-back technique and copious irrigation of 1%NaOCl. In the first experimental group teeth were obturated using different sealers: Gutta Flow (Roeko), AH Plus (DeTrey), Acroseal (Septodont) and mono gutta-percha cone (10 canals each). In the second experimental group obturation involved 3 mm of MTA-Angelus apical plug while the remaining canal space was filled with the same three sealers as in the first group. The rate of gas permeability by Leak detector-Edwards LD 416 was measured in all teeth.
Results The best seal was found in teeth obturated with Gutta Flow and MTA plug with average diffusion rate of 264.4 sec while the worst quality of obturation was found with Acroseal (178.5 sec-the highest gas permeability). All samples with MTA plug exhibited significantly lower leakage than the samples filled without MTA apical plug.
Conclusion Root canals filled with MTA apical plug exhibited statistically significant lower gas permeability in comparison to the ones filled with sealer and guttapercha cones only.