bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching content through Dutch as a second language
Authors: Hajer Maaike 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWithin the Netherlands, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in foreign language teaching can be considered a sibling of ‘Language Oriented Content Teaching’ (LOCT), a pedagogy in mainstream classes with second language learners of Dutch, where Dutch is used as language of instruction. This article characterizes two decades of research on LOCT through Dutch in multilingual schools and discusses its relevance for CLIL development. A distinctive feature is the discourse coalition between subject and language researchers, teacher educators, curriculum development staff and others. Their cooperation furthered the identification of disciplinary literacies and subject specific language pedagogies which can be seen as a renewed conceptualization of content obligatory language (Snow, Met, & Genesee, 1989). LOCT work in the Dutch context shows how content obligatory language that is relevant and feasible can be identified and included in content teachers’ pedagogies, findings that might be useful for the further development of CLIL.
Proper name retrieval in cognitive decline
Authors: Montemurro Sonia , Mondini Sara , Nucci Massimo , Semenza Carlo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This study explores the retrieval of proper names and the sensitivity of this lexical category to the modulatory
effect of cognitive reserve in an aging population. Thirty-two elderly patients, undergoing their first neuropsychological
evaluation were matched for age and education to thirty-two healthy controls. All participants were administered the Montreal
Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to measure their global cognitive performance, the Famous Face Naming test to assess proper name
retrieval, and the Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI) questionnaire to obtain an index of cognitive reserve. The two groups had
comparable CRI total scores, but patients’ performance was worse in both MoCA and Famous Face naming test, compared to healthy
controls. Results showed that cognitive reserve predicted global cognitive performance (i.e., MoCA score) in the patients, but not
in the healthy participants. Naming proper names was independent from cognitive reserve. This might be due to their lexical
nature, which lies in a poor semantic connection between proper names and their bearers.
Predicting the Impact of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccines on Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Kaufhold Samantha , Yaesoubi Reza , Pitzer Virginia E 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Empiric prescribing of antimicrobials in typhoid-endemic settings has increased selective pressure on the development of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) in these settings may relieve this selective pressure, thereby reducing resistant infections and improving health outcomes.

Methods
A deterministic transmission dynamic model was developed to simulate the impact of TCVs on the number and proportion of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid infections and chronic carriers. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed to ascertain particularly impactful model parameters influencing the proportion of antimicrobial-resistant infections and the proportion of cases averted over 10 years.

Results
The model simulations suggested that increasing vaccination coverage would decrease the total number of antimicrobial-resistant typhoid infections but not affect the proportion of cases that were antimicrobial resistant. In the base-case scenario with 80% vaccination coverage, 35% of all typhoid infections were antimicrobial resistant, and 44% of the total cases were averted over 10 years by vaccination. Vaccination also decreased both the total number and proportion of chronic carriers of antimicrobial-resistant infections. The prevalence of chronic carriers, recovery rates from infection, and relative fitness of resistant strains were identified as crucially important parameters.

Conclusions
Model predictions for the proportion of antimicrobial resistant infections and number of cases averted depended strongly on the relative fitness of the resistant strain(s), prevalence of chronic carriers, and rates of recovery without treatment. Further elucidation of these parameter values in real-world typhoid-endemic settings will improve model predictions and assist in targeting future vaccination campaigns and treatment strategies.
Community Engagement Before Initiation of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Trial in Schools in Two Urban Townships in Blantyre, Malawi: Experience and Lessons
Authors: Meiring James E , Sambakunsi Rodrick , Moyo Elvis , Misiri Theresa , Mwakiseghile Felistas , Patel Pratiksha , Patel Priyanka , Ndaferankhande John , Laurens Matthew , Gooding Kate , Gordon Melita A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
To determine the efficacy of a new typhoid conjugate vaccine in an endemic setting in sub-Saharan Africa, the Typhoid Vaccine Acceleration Consortium is conducting a phase-3 randomized controlled trial in Blantyre, Malawi. This article describes community and stakeholder engagement activities before and during the trial, challenges, and lessons learned.

Methods
In October 2017, Malawi-Liverpool Wellcome Trust (MLW) organized a wide range of community engagement activities, including meetings with Ministry of Health and Education officials at the district and facility level, local community leadership, and parent teacher association groups. We engaged media outlets to include local and international television, radio, and print media. Community members were informed directly through a study jingle played via loudspeaker from a van and by community-based activities.
To review engagement activity effectiveness: The MLW team met to discuss progress and challenges; and a focus group discussion (FGD), consisting of trial staff, sought feedback from the community on each engagement modality.

Results
The school-based vaccine campaign increased community participation exceeding recruitment targets to date (on average, &gt;200 children/day).

Conclusions
The FGD concluded that the van and local activities improved awareness and turnout for the trial, but prior engagement with local government and community leadership is an essential mechanism to provide details of the study, answer questions, communicate the value of the study, and address safety concerns. Effective community engagement is essential in a large intervention trial. Multiple channels of communication are required to reach the community and deliver information needed for participation and provide opportunity for dialogue with the trial team.
The Role of Amniocentesis in the Diagnosis of Congenital Zika Syndrome
Authors: Pereira Jose Paulo , Maykin Melanie M , Vasconcelos Zilton , Avvad-Portari Elyzabeth , Zin Andrea A , Tsui Irena , Brasil Patricia , Nielsen-Saines Karin , Moreira Maria E , Gaw Stephanie L 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
There are limited data on amniocentesis as a diagnostic tool for congenital Zika syndrome. Here we report on a prospective cohort of 16 women with suspected Zika virus infection in a highly endemic area, and discuss the role of amniocentesis in the prenatal diagnosis of fetal Zika infection.
Bicuspid aortic valve behaviour in elite athletes
Authors: Boraita Araceli , Morales-Acuna Francisco , Marina-Breysse Manuel , Heras María-Eugenia , Canda Alicia , Fuentes María-Eugenia , Chacón Antonio , Diaz-Gonzalez Leonel , Rabadan Manuel , Parra Laca Begoña , Pérez de Isla Leopoldo , Tuñón José 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Aims
To determine the prevalence and characteristics of bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) among elite athletes and to analyse the effect of long-term exercise training on their aortas.

Methods and results
Consecutive BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) elite athletes from a population of 5136 athletes evaluated at the Sports Medicine Center of the Spanish National Sports Council were identified using echocardiography. A total of 41 BAV elite athletes were matched with 41 TAV elite athletes, and 41 BAV non-athletic patients from three Spanish tertiary hospitals. Sixteen BAV elite athletes who had undergone at least two cardiac evaluations separated by more than 3 years were selected to assess their clinical course. The prevalence of BAV in elite athletes was 0.8%. The proximal ascending aorta was larger for both BAV groups in comparison to TAV athletes (P = 0.001). No differences in aortic diameters were found between BAV athletes and BAV non-athletes. In BAV elite athletes, the annual growth rates for aortic annulus, sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and proximal ascending aorta were 0.04 ± 0.24, 0.11 ± 0.59, 0.14 ± 0.38, and 0.21 ± 0.44 mm/year, respectively. Aortic regurgitation was the only functional abnormality, but no significant progression was found.

Conclusion
High-intensity training and sports competition may not aggravate BAV condition during elite athletes’ careers. BAV elite athletes with mild-to-moderately dilated aortas may engage in high dynamic cardiovascular exercise without adverse consequences, although an echocardiographic follow-up is recommended.
Efficacy of chest computed tomography prediction of the pathological TNM stage of thymic epithelial tumours†
Authors: White Darin B , Hora Megan J , Jenkins Sarah M , Marks Randolph S , Garces Yolanda I , Cassivi Stephen D , Roden Anja C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of chest computed tomography (CT) to predict the pathological stage of thymic epithelial tumours (TET) using the recently introduced tumour, node and metastasis (TNM) staging with comparison to the modified Masaoka staging.

METHODS
Preoperative chest CT examinations in cases of resected TET with sampled lymph nodes (2006–2016) were retrospectively reviewed by 2 thoracic radiologists and radiologically (r) staged using both staging systems. A thoracic pathologist reviewed all cases for the pathological (p) stage. Concordance between r-staging and p-staging was assessed by % agreement and unweighted kappa statistics. Associations between r-stage and p-stage with outcomes were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS
Sixty patients with TET were included (47 thymomas, 12 thymic carcinomas and 1 atypical carcinoid tumour). Sixteen patients (26.7%) had received neoadjuvant therapy. Fifty-four patients (90.0%) had complete resection. The overall agreement between the r-stage and p-stage was 66.7% (κ = 0.46) for TNM staging and 46.7% (κ = 0.30) for modified Masaoka staging. Agreement between r-assessment and p-assessment of the T, N and M components of the TNM stage was 61.7% (κ = 0.28), 86.7% (κ = 0.48) and 98.3% (κ = 0.88), respectively. CT overstaged 12 patients (20.0%) for TNM staging and 12 patients (20.0%) for modified Masaoka staging and understaged 8 (13.3%) and 20 (33.3%) patients for TNM staging modified Masaoka staging, respectively. The r-TNM staging accuracy was lower for patients with neoadjuvant therapy (50.0% with vs 72.7% without). During a median follow-up of 2.6 years (range 0.1–10.5 years), 12 patients had metastases and/or recurrence; 11 patients died (4 of disease). The r-TNM stage and modified Masaoka stage were associated with overall survival and progression-free survival (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative chest CT is able to accurately predict p-TNM stage in two-thirds of surgically resected TET, with an agreement between radiological staging and pathological staging superior to the modified Masaoka staging.
Mid-life social participation and physical performance at age 60–64: evidence from the 1946 British Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Vusirikala A , Ben-Shlomo Y , Kuh D , Stafford M , Cooper R , Morgan G S 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Previous studies linking social activity and disability have been limited by focussing on self-reported physical performance in older adults (>65). We examined whether social participation in mid-life is associated with objective and subjective measures of physical performance in older age.

Methods
Participants of the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development reported their involvement in social activities at ages 43 and 60–64 years; frequency of such involvement was classified into thirds. Physical performance was measured at age 60–64 using: grip strength; standing balance; chair rises; timed get-up-and-go; self-reported physical function from the Short Form-36. Multivariable regression was used to examine longitudinal associations between social participation and each physical performance measure. We also investigated whether change in social participation between 43 and 60–64 was associated with each outcome.

Results
In fully adjusted models, higher frequency of social participation at 43 was associated with faster chair rise (1.42 repetitions/min, 95% CI 0.45–2.39) and timed get-up-and-go speed (2.47 cm/s, 95% CI 0.27–4.67) and lower likelihood of self-report limitations (OR of low physical function 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.91) at 60–64 compared with low frequency. Better performance in objectively measured outcomes was observed only if higher social participation persisted over time whereas lower odds of self-reported limitations were found in all groups when compared to those with persistently low participation (ORs 0.43–0.56, all P≤0.02).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that associations between higher levels of social participation in mid-life and better physical performance exist only if this social participation persists through to older age.
Intra-corporeal delta-shaped anastomosis in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer: a safe and effective technique
Authors: Su Hao , Jin Wei-Sen , Wang Peng , Bao Mandula , Wang Xue-Wei , Liu Qian , Wang Xi-Shan , Zhou Zhi-Xiang , Zhou Hai-Tao 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and objective
Intra-corporeal delta-shaped anastomosis (IDA) is an important development in laparoscopic digestive-tract reconstruction. We applied it in laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for right colon cancer and compared the short-term outcomes between the patients treated with IDA and conventional extracorporeal anastomosis (EA).

Methods
Between 1 January 2016 and 1 October 2017, 36 and 50 patients who underwent IDA and EA, respectively, were included. Data on clinicopathological characteristics, surgical outcomes, post-operative recovery and complications were collected and compared between the two groups.

Results
Surgical outcomes and clinicopathological characteristics were similar between the two groups except the length of incision, which was significantly shorter in the IDA group than in the EA group (4.6 ± 0.6 vs 5.6 ± 0.7 cm, P < 0.001). The time to ground activities, fluid diet intake and post-operative hospitalization did not differ between the groups; however, the time to first flatus was significantly shorter in the IDA group than in the EA group (2.8 ± 0.5 vs 3.2 ± 0.8 days, P = 0.004). The post-operative visual analogue scale for pain was lower in the IDA group than in the EA group on post-operative Day 1 (4.0 ± 0.7 vs 4.5 ± 1.0, P = 0.002) and post-operative Day 3 (2.7 ± 0.6 vs 3.4 ± 0.6, P < 0.001). The surgical complication rates were 8.3 and 16.0% in the IDA and EA groups (P = 0.470), respectively. No complications such as anastomotic bleeding, stenosis and leakage occurred in any patient.

Conclusions
IDA is safe and feasible and shows more satisfactory short-term outcomes than EA.
Social Media Bytes: Daily Associations Between Social Media Use and Everyday Memory Failures Across the Adult Life Span
Authors: Sharifian Neika , Zahodne Laura B 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The prevalence of social media use in daily life is increasing; however, little is known about its cognitive costs and/or benefits. Social media use may help to offload memory to an external resource as well as to facilitate social relations, which could bolster or hinder everyday memory. Further, the relationship between social media use and memory may be moderated by age such that associations—whether positive or negative—could be exacerbated among older adults due to age-related declines.

Methods
Using an 8-day daily diary study from the Midlife in the United States Refresher cohort (n = 782, 25–75 years), multilevel models examined the impact of daily social media use, age, and their interaction on same-day and next-day memory failures.

Results
The concurrent model revealed that on days when social media use was high, individuals reported more memory failures. The lagged model further revealed that higher previous-day social media use was associated with more memory failures on the subsequent day, controlling for previous-day memory failures. These effects were not moderated by age. Post hoc analyses revealed no evidence of reverse-causation as previous-day memory failures did not predict next-day social media use.

Conclusions
Although past research has consistently shown that social engagement is a protective resource for memory, social media use may be a risk factor for memory failures for adults of any age. These findings highlight the growing importance of understanding the implications of social media use.
Physical activity of UK adults with chronic disease: cross-sectional analysis of accelerometer-measured physical activity in 96 706 UK Biobank participants
Authors: Barker Joseph , Smith Byrne Karl , Doherty Aiden , Foster Charlie , Rahimi Kazem , Ramakrishnan Rema , Woodward Mark , Dwyer Terence 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Physical inactivity is associated with an increased risk of major chronic diseases, although uncertainty exists about which chronic diseases, themselves, might contribute to physical inactivity. The objective of this study was to compare the physical activity of those with chronic diseases to healthy individuals using an objective measure of physical activity.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 96 706 participants aged 40 years or older from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study (2006–10). Diagnoses were identified through ICD 9 and 10 coding within hospital admission records and a cancer registry linked to UK Biobank participants. We extracted summary physical activity information from participants who wore a wrist-worn triaxial accelerometer for 7 days. Statistical analyses included computation of adjusted geometric means and means using general linear models.

Results
Participants with chronic disease undertook 9% or 61 minutes (95% confidence interval: 57.8–64.8) less moderate activity and 11% or 3 minutes (95% confidence interval: 2.7–3.3) less vigorous activity per week than individuals without chronic disease. Participants in every chronic-disease subgroup undertook less physical activity than those without chronic disease. Sixty-seven diagnoses within these subgroups were associated with lower moderate activity.

Conclusions
The cross-sectional association of physical activity with chronic disease is broad. Given the substantial health benefits of being physically active, clinicians and policymakers should be aware that their patients with any chronic disease are at greater health risk from other diseases than anticipated because of their physical inactivity.
Assessing the role of women’s autonomy and acceptability of intimate-partner violence in maternal health-care utilization in 63 low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Sripad Pooja , Warren Charlotte E , Hindin Michelle J , Karra Mahesh 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Our study investigates the associations between women’s autonomy and attitudes toward the acceptability of intimate-partner violence against women (IPVAW) and maternal health-care utilization outcomes.

Methods
We combine data from 113 Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2003 and 2016, which give us a pooled sample of 765 169 mothers and 777 352 births from 63 countries. We generate composite scores of women’s autonomy (six-point scale with reference: no contribution) and acceptability of IPVAW (five-point scale with reference: no acceptance) and assess the associations between these measures and women’s use of antenatal care services and facility delivery in pooled and unique country samples.

Results
A change in a woman’s autonomy score from ‘no contribution to any decision-making domain’ (a composite autonomy score of 0) to ‘contribution to all decision-making domains’ (a score of 6) is associated with a 31.2% increase in her odds of delivering in a facility and a 42.4% increase in her odds of receiving at least eight antenatal care visits over the course of her pregnancy. In contrast, a change in a woman’s attitude towards acceptability of IPVAW from ‘IPVAW is not acceptable under any scenario’ (a score of 0) to ‘IPVAW is acceptable in all scenarios’ (a score of 5) is associated with an 8.9% decrease in her odds of delivering in a facility and a 20.3% decrease in her odds of receiving eight antenatal care visits.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that strong and significant associations exist between autonomy, acceptability of IPVAW and utilization of maternal health-care services.
Genetic Gene Expression Changes during Environmental Adaptations Tend to Reverse Plastic Changes Even after the Correction for Statistical Nonindependence
Authors: Ho Wei-Chin , Zhang Jianzhi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractOrganismal adaptations to new environments often begin with plastic phenotypic changes followed by genetic phenotypic changes, but the relationship between the two types of changes is controversial. Contrary to the view that plastic changes serve as steppingstones to genetic adaptations, recent transcriptome studies reported that genetic gene expression changes more often reverse than reinforce plastic expression changes in experimental evolution. However, it was pointed out that this trend could be an artifact of the statistical nonindependence between the estimates of plastic and genetic phenotypic changes, because both estimates rely on the phenotypic measure at the plastic stage. Using computer simulation, we show that indeed the nonindependence can cause an apparent excess of expression reversion relative to reinforcement. We propose a parametric bootstrap method and show by simulation that it removes the bias almost entirely. Analyzing transcriptome data from a total of 34 parallel lines in 5 experimental evolution studies of Escherichia coli, yeast, and guppies that are amenable to our method confirms that genetic expression changes tend to reverse plastic changes. Thus, at least for gene expression traits, phenotypic plasticity does not generally facilitate genetic adaptation. Several other comparisons of statistically nonindependent estimates are commonly performed in evolutionary genomics such as that between cis- and trans-effects of mutations on gene expression and that between transcriptional and translational effects on gene expression. It is important to validate previous results from such comparisons, and our proposed statistical analyses can be useful for this purpose.
Pregnant Embodiment and Field Research
Authors: Randles Jennifer 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Feminist scholars have long argued for embodied reflexivity that involves accounting for how embodiment shapes qualitative field research as an intersubjective process. This chapter draws on ethnographic research with sixty-four low-income men of color who participated in a US government-funded fatherhood program conducted when the author was visibly pregnant with her first child. It analyzes pregnant embodiment as a strategy for facilitating rapport and credibility with socially dissimilar respondents and contributes to an epistemology of embodiment that attends to how researchers’ bodily states and experiences are sources of both data and analysis in field research. It concludes with insights generated from the project about how attention to embodiment is a valuable and illuminating reflexive space from which to better understand and empathize with respondents.