bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lobbying the state or the market? A framework to study civil society organizations’ strategic behavior
Authors: Colli Francesca , Adriaensen Johan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article lays out a framework for the conditions under which a civil society organization lobbies the state and when it turns to the market. This strategic choice cannot be understood solely from within current frameworks of lobbying strategies; insights from interest group studies must be complemented with the social movement literature's understanding of market‐based strategies. We build an overarching framework by extending the inside and outside lobbying dichotomy to include strategies that target the market. We also argue that it is crucial to understand the relations between both lobbying venues, as their relative power affects the choice not only between inside or outside lobbying, but also between the state or the market. The result is a richer framework more suited to capture the breadth of contemporary civil society organization lobbying behavior and, more importantly, to facilitate the comparative assessment of different strategic choices in future empirical research.
Longitudinal relations of preschoolers’ dispositional and situational anger to their prosocial behavior: The moderating role of shyness
Authors: Xiao Sonya Xinyue , Spinrad Tracy L. , Eisenberg Nancy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGenerally, research on children’s anger and prosocial outcomes has been inconsistent, perhaps because researchers have overlooked nuances in children’s anger, such as whether the emotion is situational versus dispositional or is in response to blocked goals versus violations of moral principles (e.g., unfairness). Additionally, mixed findings may be due to potential moderators such as shyness. In this study, we investigated the unique relations of children’s (n = 192, 54.7% boys; Mage = 41.75 months) dispositional and situational anger in response to unfairness at 42 months old to their prosocial behavior toward strangers a year later. Further, we examined whether children’s shyness moderated the relations. Longitudinal models controlling for stability of the constructs showed that dispositional anger was unrelated to prosocial behavior whereas situational anger positively predicted later prosocial behavior. Further, children’s shyness moderated the relation between situational anger (but not dispositional anger) and prosocial behavior. For shy children, prosocial behavior toward strangers was low, regardless of anger; for those who were low or average in shyness, situational anger positively predicted prosocial behavior. The findings suggest that when children are not too shy to approach strangers, anger in response to unfairness may be an important precursor for later other‐oriented moral tendencies.
Fluorescence in blue light (FLU) is involved in inactivation and localization of glutamyl‐tRNA reductase during light exposure
Authors: Hou Zhiwei , Yang Yanyu , Hedtke Boris , Grimm Bernhard 
Published: October 2018

SummaryFluorescent in blue light (FLU) is a negative regulator involved in dark repression of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthesis and interacts with glutamyl‐tRNA reductase (GluTR), the rate‐limiting enzyme of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated FLU‘s regulatory function in light‐exposed FLU‐overexpressing (FLUOE) Arabidopsis lines and under fluctuating light intensities in wild‐type (WT) and flu seedlings. FLUOE lines suppress ALA synthesis in the light, resulting in reduced chlorophyll content, but more strongly in low and high light than in medium growth light. This situation indicates that FLU's impact on chlorophyll biosynthesis depends on light intensity. FLU overexpressors contain strongly increased amounts of mainly membrane‐associated GluTR. These findings correlate with FLU‐dependent localization of GluTR to plastidic membranes and concomitant inhibition, such that only the soluble GluTR fraction is active. The overaccumulation of membrane‐associated GluTR indicates that FLU binding enhances GluTR stability. Interestingly, under fluctuating light, the leaves of flu mutants contain less chlorophyll compared with WT and become necrotic. We propose that FLU is basically required for fine‐tuned ALA synthesis. FLU not only mediates dark repression of ALA synthesis, but functions also to control balanced ALA synthesis under variable light intensities to ensure the adequate supply of chlorophyll.
Influence of platelet preparation techniques on in vitro storage quality after psoralen‐based photochemical treatment using new processing sets for triple‐dose units
Authors: Lotens Anaïs , de Valensart Nicolas , Najdovski Tomé , Acquart Sophie , Cognasse Fabrice , Rapaille André 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUNDThe INTERCEPT Blood System (IBS) for platelets (PLTs) uses a combination of psoralen and ultraviolet‐A light to inactivate pathogens that may contaminate PLT concentrates (PCs). However, no data are available on the quality of IBS‐treated PLTs from different apheresis and buffy‐coat PC preparation platforms using the new triple storage (TS) set.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe objective of this study was to evaluate the TS set on three different preparation platforms compared with the large‐volume (LV) set, as control. PLT in vitro metabolic and activation parameters were studied over 7 days.RESULTSSeveral statistical differences are observed between the two sets, particularly for pH, oxygen pressure (pO2), carbonic gaz pressure (pCO2), and bicarbonate. The three different preparation techniques influence PLT parameters, and the difference is statistically significant for all the studied parameters, except for pCO2. The TS set has the advantage of shorter compound adsorption device time, higher PLT recoveries, and less PLT activation.CONCLUSIONResults from the measured metabolic parameters and PLT variables obtained from PCs treated by LV and TS sets indicated good PLT function preservation up to 7 days of storage. The in vitro assessment results demonstrated acceptable PLT function for transfusion.
Superficial keratectomy as a treatment for non‐healing corneal ulceration associated with primary corneal endothelial degeneration
Authors: Bayley Kellam D. , Read R. A. , Gates M. Carolyn 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze a study population of dogs with primary corneal endothelial degeneration (PCED) for information on the patterns of disease and to report the efficacy of superficial keratectomy (SK) for resolution of non‐healing corneal ulcers associated with PCED.Animals studiedPrimary corneal endothelial degeneration was diagnosed in 238 dogs between 1998 and 2017. Corneal ulceration associated with PCED was present in 89 dogs (109 eyes), of which 47 eyes were treated with SK.ProceduresA retrospective assessment of medical records was performed to determine the signalment patterns of PCED, and the success rate of the SK procedure for resolving PCED‐associated corneal ulceration. Descriptive statistics were reported on the signalment of PCED cases, with odd ratios and confidence intervals calculated to detect breed predispositions.ResultsPrimary corneal endothelial degeneration was diagnosed in 238 dogs, 40.8% were female and 59.2% were male, with a mean age at diagnosis of 11.4 years. Dachshunds, Dalmatians, English Springer Spaniels, Welsh Springer Spaniels, Chihuahuas, Cocker Spaniels, and Golden Retrievers were significantly over‐represented. All PCED‐affected Dalmatians developed associated corneal ulceration. Follow‐up information was available for 41/47 eyes treated with SK. At the first reassessment, 87.8% were healed which increased to 97.6% with subsequent monitoring. Four eyes (9.8%) had late corneal ulcer occurrence following SK, at a median time following SK of 182 weeks post‐surgery.ConclusionsSuperficial keratectomy was an effective option for resolving painful non‐healing corneal ulcers associated with PCED. Dalmatians may be at increased risk of developing PCED‐associated corneal ulceration.
Comparison of pollution diffusion between river mouth inflow (RMI) and beach uniform inflow (BUI) in sudden water accident
Authors: Pan Fanghui , Wang Youbao , Zhang Xinxi , Huang Junsheng , Jiang Yongbin , Hu Xiaobing , Li Sheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecently high‐frequency sudden pollution originated from an explosion of industrial plants, transportation accidents and oil spills was often continuously diffused into downstream water. In this paper, the features of pollution diffusion including the boundary shape, concentration gradients and covered area from the two typical sudden water accidents of river mouth inflow (RMI) and beach uniform inflow (BUI) were investigated and compared by utilizing computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model and lab‐scale experiments. It was found that a circular boundary shape was formed when diffusion velocity was slower than threshold velocity of 0.0016 m/s, however, a long strip of boundary was replaced at the speed of more than 0.0016 m/s from RMI, using CFD simulation under lab‐scale. The coincidence degree of diffusion over time in terms of covered area and boundary shape between CFD simulation and the lab‐scale experiment was reached to 97.6–99.6% both in RMI and BUI. The result indicated that CFD was applied to simulate the pollution diffusion from the two patterns of sudden water accidents under full‐scale. Results showed that a sharp peak was capable of appearing in mainstream and there was a ring current appearing in side wing from RMI. However, the mainstream with a gentle peak and the side wing with symmetrical diffusion were arising in BUI. In addition, a high concentration gradients and a clear concentration contours were both exhibited in RMI and BUI. The results may assist in offering emergency response to control sudden pollution diffusion, further supporting the scope of pollution hazard assessment and ecological remediation to recover pollution region.
Water footprint assessment considering intermediate products: model and a 2016 case study of China
Authors: Zhi Yuan , Hamilton Paul B. , Wang Xiufeng , Liang Longyue 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnalysing intermediate products within a water footprint (WF) across different economic sectors can show the root causes of water usage and is helpful for water resource management and policy making. However, conventional methods and data for a WF rarely assess the input and output of intermediate products directly and comprehensively. Therefore, this study proposes an approach to access the WF of intermediate products as well as final products in each sector of an economy’s water sustainability profile. An Economic Input‐output‐based Life‐Cycle Assessment (EIO‐LCA) framework is designed for the accounting, which describes the intermediate WF products of each sector in a material‐product network. This method is implemented into a 2016 case study for a comprehensive Chinese WF. The results showed that the total WF of Chinese inhabitants (consumers) in 2016 was 5.76 × 1011 m3, and the top three sectors with the largest WF were agriculture (1.78 × 1011 m3), food (1.05 × 1011 m3) and machinery manufacturing (5.68 × 1010 m3); agriculture provided the largest quantity of virtual water contained in its intermediate product for the other sectors. From the perspective of producers, the total WF of the Chinese economic sectors in 2016 was 5.84 × 1011 m3. The sectors with the largest direct water use were agriculture (2.20 × 1011 m3), electricity (7.64 × 1010 m3) and chemical Industry (2.35 × 1010 m3); and large parts of their direct water usage were consumed to prepare intermediate products for other sectors. The results of this study show that a more inclusive approach provides an enhanced qualitative and resource‐ethical view for water accounting and management.
‘Emprender sin descuidar la casa’: posiciones y dinámicas organizativas en una asociación productiva de mujeres rurales
Authors: Mora Guerrero Gloria Miryam , Constanzo Belmar Jorge Dagoberto 
Published: October 2018

El presente estudio explora el proceso de conformación de un emprendimiento de tipo asociativo por mujeres rurales, al igual que su relación con los roles de género en el ámbito doméstico. Por medio de observaciones participantes y entrevistas, se trabajó con usuarias del Programa de Formación y Capacitación para Mujeres Campesinas, en La Araucanía, región que se localiza en el sur de Chile. Conforme con un corpusteórico de enfoque constructivista, se caracterizaron las diferentes posiciones que ocupan las mujeres al interior de sus organizaciones, según la forma como articulan su rol asociativo con la división sexual del trabajo tradicional en sus grupos familiares. En ese sentido, las conclusiones alientan la generación de metodologías que fomenten la participación de las mujeres en emprendimientos asociativos, y consideren a la vez sus intereses y colocaciones en las estructuras de género de las zonas rurales.
Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations of Flexible Cylinders in Confined Axial Flow
Authors: Degroote Joris , Delcour Lucas , De Moerloose Laurent , Dolfen Henri , Vierendeels Jan 
Published: October 2018

Flexible cylinders surrounded by a fluid flow that is dominantly aligned with the axis of the cylinders can be found in several applications. Examples with a flow confined to a narrow region around the cylinder(s) can be found in tube bundles of heat exchangers and reactor cores and also in air-jet weaving machines. This research analyses the flow-induced vibration of these two different cases with flexible cylinders in confined axial flow using numerical fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations.
The FSI simulations of both cases use a partitioned framework, meaning that a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solver is coupled with a finite element analysis (FEA) structural solver. The dynamic and kinematic equilibrium conditions at the contact surface between the fluid and the structure are satisfied by performing coupling iterations between both solvers in each time step. Convergence of these iterations is accelerated using quasi-Newton coupling techniques.
For the case of the tube bundle, the modal characteristics have been identified for a tube bundle when they are submerged in an axial fluid flow. Furthermore, different types of flow-induced vibration have been studied. The flow speed has been increased in an FSI simulation of a single cylinder surrounded by an annular fluid domain, resulting first in static buckling and then in flutter at higher flow speeds.
For the case of the air-jet weaving machines, the cylinder represents a smooth yarn which is accelerated by an air jet in the main nozzle of the machine, consisting of a long tube with small diameter. FSI simulations of a yarn clamped at the upstream end have been performed using the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation with deforming grids in the fluid domain.
This work demonstrates the feasibility of analyzing and predicting flow-induced vibration of cylinders in confined axial flow by performing FSI simulations. The results of simulations are compared with those of experiments for tubes in axial flow and for a yarn in a nozzle of an air-jet weaving machine.
Kinematics and Hydrodynamics of Invertebrate Undulatory Swimming
Authors: Tian Jianghong , Han Pan , Deng Xiaolong , Lindengren Royce E. , Liu Geng , Ren Yan , Dong Haibo 
Published: October 2018

Dorsoventral undulation is adopted by aquatic mammals for propulsion. However, it is not too common to find invertebrate aquatic animals that undulate their bodies in the vertical plane, which results from antiphasic contractions of dorsal and ventral muscles. To explore the mechanisms of the soft-bodied propulsion, in this work, an annelid swimmer employing up and down undulatory swimming mode is chosen, and the related kinematics and hydrodynamics are studied using a combined experimental and computational approach.
A fully calibrated photogrammetry system with three highspeed cameras from different views is used to record the forward swimming motion of this invertebrate swimmer, namely leech. The vertically undulating kinematics are then reconstructed from those videos. With the detailed reconstruction, the undulating wavelength and amplitude distribution the swimmer exhibits during propulsion are quantified. Kinematics analysis results show that the invertebrate swimmer swims in a vertical anguilliform mode and the wavelength is about 0.7BL (body length) when it swims at a velocity of 1.5BL/s. An in-house immersed-boundary-method based flow solver is used to conduct the numerical simulations, with which the hydrodynamic performance and wake structures are investigated. The thrust generation and power consumption of the undulating body are described quantitatively. Furthermore, along the undulating body, the pressure distributions are studied.
Evaluation of Models for Droplet Shear Effect of Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Dabirian Ramin , Cui Shihao , Gavrielatos Ilias , Mohan Ram , Shoham Ovadia 
Published: October 2018

During the process of petroleum production and transportation, equipment such as pumps and chokes will cause shear effects which break the dispersed droplets into smaller size. The smaller droplets will influence the separator process significantly and the droplet size distribution has become a critical criterion for separator design. In order to have a better understanding of the separation efficiency, estimation of the dispersed-phase droplet size distribution is very important. The objective of this paper is to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the effect of shear imparted on oil-water flow by centrifugal pump.
This paper presents available published models for the calculation of droplet size distribution caused by different production equipment. Also detailed experimental data for droplet size distribution downstream of a centrifugal pump are presented. Rosin-Rammler and Log-Normal Distributions utilizing dmax Pereyra (2011) model as well as dmin Kouba (2003) model are used in order to evaluate the best fit distribution function to simulate the cumulative droplet size distribution. The results confirm that applying dmax Pereyra (2011) model leads to Rosin-Rammler distribution is much closer to the experimental data for low shear conditions, while the Log-Normal distribution shows better performance for higher shear rates. Furthermore, the predictions of Modified Kouba (2003) dmin model show good results for predicting the droplet distribution in centrifugal pump, and even better predictions under various ranges of experiments are achieved with manipulating cumulative percentage at minimum droplet diameter F(Dmin).
Preliminary LOCA Analysis of Heating-Reactor of Advanced Low-Pressurized and Passive Safety System (HAPPY)
Authors: Xing Mian , Meng Zhaocan , Liao Xiaotao , Sun Canhui , Zhang Shuming , Chen Yaodong , Hu Xiao , Sun Peidong , Jiang Huijing 
Published: October 2018

SPICRI (State Power Investment Central Research Institute) is developing a new conceptual design of heating-reactor, named Heating-reactor of Advanced low-Pressurized and Passive safetY system (HAPPY), which is targeted for the district heating, desalination of seawater, and other heat applications. It is a 200MWth two-loop low-pressurized water reactor with low thermal parameters. The whole reactor vessel is deployed inside a shielding and cooling pool with thermal insulation measure. The conceptual design of HAPPY is described in this paper, including the design criteria, safety features, main parameters and main components.
A preliminary safety analysis is carried out to provide a reference for the design and optimization of HAPPY. In this paper, four different LOCA analyses are described and compared. The results show that the current design can deal well with all the selected LOCA scenarios and the effectiveness of the safety systems is proved.
Study on the Shaking Dynamic Response of Steam Generator LOCA
Authors: Huang Qian , Yu Xiaofei , Qi Huanhuan , Jiang Naibin , Cai Fengchun , Feng Zhipeng 
Published: October 2018

Dynamic response research of steam generator loss of coolant accident (SG LOCA) is essential for the reliability and safety consideration. According to the differences of LOCA loading phenomena, two types of LOCA loads affect the SG: rarefaction wave travels through the primary fluid in the U-tubes, and the SG shakes due to reactor coolant loop(RCL) motions transmitted by the primary loop piping, former loading phenomena evaluation is called SG rarefaction analysis while latter is called shaking analysis. This paper place particular emphasis on shaking analysis.
At present, the published literatures about LOCA mainly focus on RCL LOCA, reactor LOCA and fuel assembly LOCA, few reports concentrate on shaking dynamic response analysis of SG LOCA. Both Westinghouse and AREVA’s methods according to their research reports are to decouple the SG from the RCL: This method results in low computational efficiency as RCL LOCA and SG LOCA are evaluated separately and the decoupling error is uncertainty, meanwhile, in the vicinity of the nodes where the displacements are imposed, distorted reaction forces are usually found.
Through reasonable simplification and equivalence, a detailed nonlinear FEM model of steam generator (SG) of a China 3rd generation nuclear power plant (NPP) is established, this model is then connected with the reactor coolant loop (RCL) to carry out the SG LOCA shaking dynamic response analysis. By calculation, the maximum absolute stresses of SG heat transfer tube bundle and its variation with tube diameter and upper supports reacting forces are obtained. In order to study the effect of SG decoupling from the RCL on shaking dynamic response, a comparative study of decoupling /coupling methods is conducted. Results shows that SG decoupling has a significant impact on the calculation result, the calculation method of coupling is more closer to the real situation and worthy to recommended. Related analytical procedures and calculation results lay the foundation for future SG shaking dynamic analysis and SG design of subsequent power plants.
Thermal and Mechanics Analysis Code of the PWR Nuclear Fuel Performance Based on FEM
Authors: Hui Yongbo , Zhang Bo , Zhang Wenhua , Yun Di , Zhai Peichao 
Published: October 2018

Exposed to the high radiation environment, the PWR fuel rod will be swelling. The deformation is quite different azimuthally which caused by the different subchannels coolant temperature and some manufacture issues. And the asymmetry deformation will have a great effect on fuel rod safety for the increasing pellet center temperature and FCMI due to the change of gas gap. An accurate prediction on fuel strain which is associated with the temperature distribution closely should be done to assure the safety of the fuel rod. The conventional finite difference method has deficiency on treating with the deformation and the finite element method (FEM) could satisfy the requirement.
Based on the principle of FEM, the model of thermal conduction, stress-strain analysis is established. The two dimensional model is chosen considering the characteristic of fuel. The analysis code SSTFEM is developed and verified using the experimental data from the opening literature and results of authorized code. After that the code is used to analyze the effect of the asymmetry deformation which is caused by the asymmetry coolant temperature distribution in adjacent subchannels and the manufacture eccentricity between the fuel rod and the cladding. The effect law of deformation and the stress is obtained after a systematic analysis.