bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of the sperm whale (Physeter catodon) commensal microbiome
Authors: Li Chang , Tan Xiaoxuan , Bai Jie , Xu Qiwu , Liu Shanshan , Guo Wenjie , Yu Cong , Fan Guangyi , Lu Yishan , Zhang He , Yang Huanming , Chen Jianwei , Liu Xin 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundMammalian commensal microbiota play important roles in the health of its host. In comparison to terrestrial mammals, commensal microbiota of marine mammals is mainly focused on the composition and function of skin and gut microbiota, with less attention paid to the health impact of bacteria and viruses. Previous studies on sperm whales (Physeter catodon) have affirmed their important phylogenetic position; however, studies on their commensal microbiota have not been published, due to difficulty in sample collection.MethodsHere, we sequenced the metagenomes of blood, muscle and fecal samples from a stranded sperm whale using the BGISEQ-500 platform. We compared the diversity and abundance of microbiomes from three different tissues and tried to search pathogenic bacterial and virulence genes probably related to the health of the sperm whale. We also performed 16S rDNA sequencing of the fecal sample to compare to published gut metagenome data from other marine mammals.ResultsOur results demonstrated notable differences in species richness and abundance in the three samples. Extensive bacteria, includingEnterococcus faecium,Fusobacterium nucleatum,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Streptococcus anginosus,Streptococcus pneumoniae, andStreptococcus suis, and five toxigenicClostridiumspecies usually associated with infection, were found in the three samples. We also found the taxa composition of sperm whale gut microbiota was similar to that of other whales, suggesting co-evolution with its host. This study is the first report of the sperm whale gut microbiome, and provides a foundation for the pathogen detection and health assessment of the sperm whale.
Evaluation of auto‐planning in IMRT and VMAT for head and neck cancer
Authors: Ouyang Zi , Liu Shen Zhilei , Murray Eric , Kolar Matt , LaHurd Danielle , Yu Naichang , Joshi Nikhil , Koyfman Shlomo , Bzdusek Karl , Xia Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeThe purposes of this work are to (a) investigate whether the use of auto‐planning and multiple iterations improves quality of head and neck (HN) radiotherapy plans; (b) determine whether delivery methods such as step‐and‐shoot (SS) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) impact plan quality; (c) report on the observations of plan quality predictions of a commercial feasibility tool.Materials and methodsTwenty HN cases were retrospectively selected from our clinical database for this study. The first ten plans were used to test setting up planning goals and other optimization parameters in the auto‐planning module. Subsequently, the other ten plans were replanned with auto‐planning using step‐and‐shoot (AP‐SS) and VMAT (AP‐VMAT) delivery methods. Dosimetric endpoints were compared between the clinical plans and the corresponding AP‐SS and AP‐VMAT plans. Finally, predicted dosimetric endpoints from a commercial program were assessed.ResultsAll AP‐SS and AP‐VMAT plans met the clinical dose constraints. With auto‐planning, the dose coverage of the low dose planning target volume (PTV) was improved while the dose coverage of the high dose PTV was maintained. Compared to the clinical plans, the doses to critical organs, such as the brainstem, parotid, larynx, esophagus, and oral cavity were significantly reduced in the AP‐VMAT (P < 0.05); the AP‐SS plans had similar homogeneity indices (HI) and conformality indices (CI) and the AP‐VMAT plans had comparable HI and improved CI. Good agreement in dosimetric endpoints between predictions and AP‐VMAT plans were observed in five of seven critical organs.ConclusionWith improved planning quality and efficiency, auto‐planning module is an effective tool to enable planners to generate HN IMRT plans that are meeting institution specific planning protocols. DVH prediction is feasible in improving workflow and plan quality.
Therapeutic and Preventive Potential of Vitamin D Supplementation in Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Heidari Behzad , Babaei Mansour 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveVitamin D deficiency is linked with pain, function, and radiographic progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but the results of studies addressing the association and effect of vitamin D supplementation for pain, function, quality of life, radiographic disease, and progression are inconsistent. The aim of this review is to determine the therapeutic and preventive potential of vitamin D supplementation in KOA.MethodEligible pertinent English language studies published in 2000 and thereafter in Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were selected by using keywords that include “knee osteoarthritis,” “vitamin D supplementation,” “pain,” “structural abnormalities,” “treatment,” and “progression.”ResultsThe results of a few studies showed a preventive potential for vitamin D in KOA, but most of the randomized clinical trials that assessed the therapeutic efficacy of vitamin D supplementation in KOA found no clear therapeutic effect, with the exception of one study that found a small but significant effect of vitamin D on pain and knee function. Nonetheless, the results of a few longitudinal studies as well as systematic reviews are promising and thus encourage further studies. Inconsistent results on the effect of vitamin D on KOA may be attributed to factors such as severity of KOA, baseline level of serum vitamin D, duration of treatment, and vitamin D dosages.ConclusionGiven the multiple skeletal and extraskeletal benefits of vitamin D supplementation in elderly people, the issue of vitamin D supplementation in KOA requires further study to elucidate the dosage and duration of treatment that provides the most effective therapeutic effect.
Direct Water‐Writing/Electroerasing Pattern on PEDOT Inverse Opals
Authors: Wu Pingping , Guo Jinshan , Jiang Kejian , Wang Jingxia , Jiang Lei 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis work presents a reversible direct water‐writing/electroerasing pattern on poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) inverse opals (PEDOT‐IOs). The PEDOT‐IO‐0 is fabricated by potentiostatic polymerization of EDOT such that PEDOT infiltrates the interstices of a photonic crystal (PC) template, and the template is subsequently removed. The PEDOT‐IO‐I is obtained by reducing PEDOT‐IO‐0. There are four states and three different switches of PEDOT‐IOs: the first switch is the irreversible reduction of PEDOT‐IO‐0 to PEDOT‐IO‐I (neutral state). The second switch is the reversible electrochemical process between neutral and oxidized PEDOT‐IO‐I accompanied by a reversible stopband shift owing to ionic doping/dedoping. The third switch is the water treatment process of PEDOT‐IO‐I (oxidation state) to form PEDOT‐IO‐II, which induces a blueshift in the stopband owing to water‐induced removal of ions and shrinkage of the periodic structure. Combining the switches of PEDOT‐IO‐I and PEDOT‐IO‐II, a reversible water‐writing/electroerasing procedure is realized in the full‐solid state, producing multicolor patterns by water (a friendly ink) writing at different times. The as‐prepared PC pattern could be erased electrochemically. Reversible e‐paper can be successfully achieved based on the switches of PEDOT‐IOs, providing a novel method for the fabrication of functional optic materials.
Edge‐Enriched Ultrathin MoS2 Embedded Yolk‐Shell TiO2 with Boosted Charge Transfer for Superior Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Wang Wenchao , Zhu Sai , Cao Yingnan , Tao Ying , Li Xin , Pan Donglai , Phillips David Lee , Zhang Dieqing , Chen Ming , Li Guisheng , Li Hexing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExploring TiO2‐photocatalysts for sunlight conversion has high demand in artificial photosynthesis. In this work, edge‐enriched ultrathin molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes are uniformly embedded into the bulk of yolk‐shell TiO2 as a cocatalyst to accelerate photogenerated‐electron transfer from the bulk to the surface of TiO2. The as‐formed MoS2/TiO2 (0.14 wt%) hybrids exhibit a high hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 2443 µmol g−1 h−1, about 1000% and 470% of that of pristine TiO2 (247 µmol g−1 h−1) and bulk MoS2 decorated TiO2 (513 µmol g−1 h−1). Such a greatly enhanced HER is attributed to the exposed catalytic edges of the ultrathin MoS2 flakes with a robust chemical linkage (TiS bond), providing rapid charge transfer channels between TiO2 and MoS2. The catalytic stability is promoted by the antiaggregation of the highly dispersed MoS2 flakes in the bulk of yolk‐shell TiO2. The exponential fitted decay kinetics of time‐resolved photoluminescence (ns‐PL) spectra illustrates that embedding ultrathin MoS2 flakes in TiO2 effectively decreases the average lifetime of PL in the MoS2/TiO2 hybrids (τave = 4.55 ns), faster than that of pristine TiO2 (≈7.17 ns) and the bulk MoS2/TiO2 (≈6.13 ns), allowing a superior charge separation and charge trapping process for reducing water.
Engineering Field Effect Transistors with 2D Semiconducting Channels: Status and Prospects
Authors: Jing Xu , Illarionov Yury , Yalon Eilam , Zhou Peng , Grasser Tibor , Shi Yuanyuan , Lanza Mario 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe continuous miniaturization of field effect transistors (FETs) dictated by Moore's law has enabled continuous enhancement of their performance during the last four decades, allowing the fabrication of more powerful electronic products (e.g., computers and phones). However, as the size of FETs currently approaches interatomic distances, a general performance stagnation is expected, and new strategies to continue the performance enhancement trend are being thoroughly investigated. Among them, the use of 2D semiconducting materials as channels in FETs has raised a lot of interest in both academia and industry. However, after 15 years of intense research on 2D materials, there remain important limitations preventing their integration in solid‐state microelectronic devices. In this work, the main methods developed to fabricate FETs with 2D semiconducting channels are presented, and their scalability and compatibility with the requirements imposed by the semiconductor industry are discussed. The key factors that determine the performance of FETs with 2D semiconducting channels are carefully analyzed, and some recommendations to engineer them are proposed. This report presents a pathway for the integration of 2D semiconducting materials in FETs, and therefore, it may become a useful guide for materials scientists and engineers working in this field.
Multibit Optoelectronic Memory in Top‐Floating‐Gated van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Huang Wenhao , Yin Lei , Wang Feng , Cheng Ruiqing , Wang Zhenxing , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Wang Junjun , Li Ningning , Yao Yuyu , Yang Xiaoguang , Shan Chongxin , Yang Tao , He Jun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNonvolatile memories based on van der Waals heterostructures have been proved to be promising candidates for next‐generation data storage devices. However, little attention has been focused on the structure with separated floating and control gates (the floating gates and control gates distribute at the different side of the channels), which were recently predicted to be capable of further improving device performance. Here, nonvolatile multibit optoelectronic memories are demonstrated using MoS2, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), and graphene in a top‐floating‐gated structure. With separated top graphene floating gate, the devices show a large memory window (≈95 V) via sweeping gate voltage from 80 to −80 V, a high on/off ratio (≈106) with an ultralow dark current (≈10−14 A), as well as excellent retention characteristic (≈104 s) and cyclic endurance. In addition, these devices can also be erased by a laser illumination with broadband spectrum after being electrically programmed. For the multilevel storage property, 7/6 stages controlled by different electrical operations, and 13/6/3 stages by different laser pulse illuminations are gained. The obtained results show a promising performance for nonvolatile optoelectronic memory using a top‐floating‐gated structure.
Concurrent Modulation of Competitive Mechanisms to Design Stimuli‐Responsive Ln‐MOFs: A Light‐Operated Dual‐Mode Assay for Oxidative DNA Damage
Authors: Hao Ji‐Na , Li Yongsheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe identification of biomolecules for disease diagnosis requires facile analytical technologies with high precision and reliability. Several signal transduction pathways have inspired the development of various bioanalytical systems. However, most systems are greatly limited by a single‐mechanism/mode assay, which easily results in false‐positive/negative results. Herein, a multiple‐mechanism‐driven optical biosensor for 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG), an early pathological signature of DNA lesions and various diseases, is designed by assembling adenine as a recognition element, mellitic acid as energy donors and Eu3+ as signal reporters into one metal‐organic framework (MOF) system. Significantly, by regulating the delicate competition between the different mechanisms, the fabricated single platform (Eu‐ade‐MOF) concurrently provides two switchable approaches for rapid qualitative (30 s and 4 min) and quantitive (ppb level) recognition of 8‐oxo‐dG in both complex artificial and real human urine environments. Compared with those single‐mechanism/mode‐driven detections, this light‐operated dual‐mode analysis system can inherently boost the analysis reliability and largely minimize the chances of false negatives/positives for a non‐invasive diagnosis of DNA damage and related diseases. This work represents the first effort in designing a luminescent sensor coupling multiple mechanisms in a single interface to determine DNA damage degree and provides a new approach for developing multimode analysis platforms for human health monitoring.
Deep‐Red/Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence from Single‐Component Charge‐Transfer Complex via Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Channel
Authors: Chen Wen‐Cheng , Huang Bin , Ni Shao‐Fei , Xiong Yuan , Rogach Andrey L. , Wan Yingpeng , Shen Dong , Yuan Yi , Chen Jia‐Xiong , Lo Ming‐Fai , Cao Chen , Zhu Ze‐Lin , Wang Ying , Wang Pengfei , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Lee Chun‐Sing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFormation of a single‐component charge‐transfer complex (SCCTC) is unveiled in solid state of an intermolecular charge‐transfer molecule 2‐(4‐(1‐phenyl‐1H‐phenanthro[9,10‐d]imidazol‐2‐yl)phenyl)anthracene‐9,10‐dione (PIPAQ). Intermolecular donor–acceptor interactions between two PIPAQ molecules is the primary driving force for self‐association and contributes to intermolecular charge transfer. The SCCTC character is fully verified by crystallographic, photophysical, electron spin resonance, and vibrational characterizations. The PIPAQ‐based SCCTC is first applied in light‐emitting devices as an emissive layer to realize efficient deep‐red/near‐infrared electroluminescence. This work provides new insights into SCCTC and represents an important step toward their applications in optoelectronic devices.
Electrohydrodynamically Printed High‐Resolution Full‐Color Hybrid Perovskites
Authors: Zhu Menghua , Duan Yongqing , Liu Nian , Li Hegeng , Li Jinghui , Du Peipei , Tan Zhifang , Niu Guangda , Gao Liang , Huang YongAn , Yin Zhouping , Tang Jiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHybrid perovskites show enormous potential for display due to their tunable emission, high color purity, strong photoluminescence and electroluminescence. For display applications, full‐color and high‐resolution patterning is compulsory, however, current perovskite processing such as spin‐coating fails to meet these requirements. Here, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing, with the unique advantages of high‐resolution patterning and large scalability, is introduced to fabricate full‐color perovskite patterns. Perovskite inks via simple precursor mixing are prepared to in situ crystallize tunable‐ and bright‐photoluminescence perovskite arrays without adding antisolvent. Through optimizing the EHD printing process, a high‐resolution dot matrix of 5 µm is achieved. The as‐printed patterns and pictures show full color and high controllability in micrometer dimension, indicating that the EHD printing is a competitive technique for future halide perovskite‐based high‐quality display.
Nucleic‐Acid Structures as Intracellular Probes for Live Cells
Authors: Samanta Devleena , Ebrahimi Sasha B. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe chemical composition of cells at the molecular level determines their growth, differentiation, structure, and function. Probing this composition is powerful because it provides invaluable insight into chemical processes inside cells and in certain cases allows disease diagnosis based on molecular profiles. However, many techniques analyze fixed cells or lysates of bulk populations, in which information about dynamics and cellular heterogeneity is lost. Recently, nucleic‐acid‐based probes have emerged as a promising platform for the detection of a wide variety of intracellular analytes in live cells with single‐cell resolution. Recent advances in this field are described and common strategies for probe design, types of targets that can be identified, current limitations, and future directions are discussed.
Synergistic Effect of Elevated Device Temperature and Excess Charge Carriers on the Rapid Light‐Induced Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Bo , Song Jingfeng , Dai Xuezeng , Liu Ye , Rudd Peter N. , Hong Xia , Huang Jinsong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWith power conversion efficiencies now reaching 24.2%, the major factor limiting efficient electricity generation using perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is their long‐term stability. In particular, PSCs have demonstrated rapid degradation under illumination, the driving mechanism of which is yet to be understood. It is shown that elevated device temperature coupled with excess charge carriers due to constant illumination is the dominant force in the rapid degradation of encapsulated perovskite solar cells under illumination. Cooling the device to 20 °C and operating at the maximum power point improves the stability of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells over 100× compared to operation under open circuit conditions at 60 °C. Light‐induced strain originating from photothermal‐induced expansion is also observed in CH3NH3PbI3, which excludes other light‐induced‐strain mechanisms. However, strain and electric field do not appear to play any role in the initial rapid degradation of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells under illumination. It is revealed that the formation of additional recombination centers in PSCs facilitated by elevated temperature and excess charge carriers ultimately results in rapid light‐induced degradation. Guidance on the best methods for measuring the stability of PSCs is also given.
Modulating Activity through Defect Engineering of Tin Oxides for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
Authors: Daiyan Rahman , Lovell Emma Catherine , Bedford Nicholas M. , Saputera Wibawa Hendra , Wu Kuang‐Hsu , Lim Sean , Horlyck Jonathan , Ng Yun Hau , Lu Xunyu , Amal Rose 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe large‐scale application of electrochemical reduction of CO2, as a viable strategy to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change, is hindered by the lack of active and cost‐effective electrocatalysts that can be generated in bulk. To this end, SnO2 nanoparticles that are prepared using the industrially adopted flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) technique as active catalysts are reported for the conversion of CO2 to formate (HCOO−), exhibiting a FEHCOO− of 85% with a current density of −23.7 mA cm−2 at an applied potential of −1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Through tuning of the flame synthesis conditions, the amount of oxygen hole center (OHC; SnO●) is synthetically manipulated, which plays a vital role in CO2 activation and thereby governing the high activity displayed by the FSP‐SnO2 catalysts for formate production. The controlled generation of defects through a simple, scalable fabrication technique presents an ideal approach for rationally designing active CO2 reduction reactions catalysts.
Scandium(III)‐Triflate‐Catalyzed Pinacol‐Pinacolone Rearrangement and Cyclization of 1,2‐Diaryl‐1,2‐Ethanediol: A Versatile Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐3‐Benzazepines
Authors: Ieawsuwan Winai , Pingaew Ratchanok , Kunkaewom Sukanya , Ploypradith Poonsakdi , Ruchirawat Somsak 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn efficient scandium(III)‐triflate‐catalyzed pinacol‐pinacolone rearrangement and cyclization of 1,2‐diaryl‐1,2‐ethanediol has been developed, providing a variety of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine derivatives in good yields. The obtained products could be transformed to other valuable building blocks for the synthesis of some biologically active compounds or natural products. Moreover, this protocol was also successfully employed for the synthesis of the corresponding 1‐phenyl‐3,4,5,6‐tetrahydrobenzo[d]azocine and 3‐phenylisoquinoline products.
O−O Bond Formation and Liberation of Dioxygen Mediated by N5‐Coordinate Non‐Heme Iron(IV) Complexes
Authors: Kroll Nicole , Speckmann Ina , Schoknecht Marc , Gülzow Jana , Diekmann Marek , Pfrommer Johannes , Stritt Anika , Schlangen Maria , Grohmann Andreas , Hörner Gerald 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFormation of the O−O bond is considered the critical step in oxidative water cleavage to produce dioxygen. High‐valent metal complexes with terminal oxo (oxido) ligands are commonly regarded as instrumental for oxygen evolution, but direct experimental evidence is lacking. Herein, we describe the formation of the O−O bond in solution, from non‐heme, N5‐coordinate oxoiron(IV) species. Oxygen evolution from oxoiron(IV) is instantaneous once meta‐chloroperbenzoic acid is administered in excess. Oxygen‐isotope labeling reveals two sources of dioxygen, pointing to mechanistic branching between HAT (hydrogen atom transfer)‐initiated free‐radical pathways of the peroxides, which are typical of catalase‐like reactivity, and iron‐borne O−O coupling, which is unprecedented for non‐heme/peroxide systems. Interpretation in terms of [FeIV(O)] and [FeV(O)] being the resting and active principles of the O−O coupling, respectively, concurs with fundamental mechanistic ideas of (electro‐) chemical O−O coupling in water oxidation catalysis (WOC), indicating that central mechanistic motifs of WOC can be mimicked in a catalase/peroxidase setting.
Revising Complex Supramolecular Polymerization under Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control
Authors: Matern Jonas , Dorca Yeray , Sánchez Luis , Fernández Gustavo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPathway complexity, hierarchical organization, out of equilibrium, and metastable or kinetically trapped species are common terms widely used in recent, high‐quality publications in the field of supramolecular polymers. Often, the terminologies used to describe the different self‐assembly pathways, the species involved, as well as their relationship and relative stability are not trivial. Different terms and classifications are commonly found in the literature, however, in many cases, without clear definitions or guidelines on how to use them and how to determine them experimentally. The aim of this Minireview is to classify, differentiate, and correlate the existing concepts with the help of recent literature reports to provide the reader with a general insight into thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of complex supramolecular polymerization processes. A good comprehension of these terms and concepts should contribute to the development of new complex, functional materials.