bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Country risk mapping in a changing world—comparative survey on academic research and industrial practices
Authors: Peng Guicang , Bang Knut Erik , Markeset Tore 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In an era marked by rapid geopolitical shifts, persistent pandemics, and escalating climate threats, the imperative to transcend traditional country risk mapping methodologies has never been more critical. This study embarks on a comprehensive examination of the efficiency of current academic and industrial approaches to mapping the multifaceted country risks. By proposing a structured risk mapping framework that incorporates seven pivotal risk categories as Political Risk, Institutional Risk, War and Armed Conflict Risk, Public Security Risk, Socioeconomic Risk, Ecological Threat Risk, and Infrastructure Risk, the research seeks to foster a more nuanced understanding of how different organizations assess and prioritize these risk factors. Employing a dual approach that includes a thorough literature review and an extensive industry survey, and a detailed analysis of each of the seven risk category by juxtaposing relevant academic insights with industry practices, this study examines the discrepancies between academic theories and practical applications in country risk mapping. It reveals underestimate country risk factors, inadequate risk categorization granularity, inconsistencies in risk prioritization, terminological mismatches, and a need for a more integrated and holistic approach to country risk mapping. The paper concludes by proposing future research directions that aim to refine country risk mapping methodologies. It advocates a forward-looking perspective that adequately addresses the complexity and inter-connectivity of global operational risks.
Design-based Consistent Strategies Exploiting Auxiliary Information in Environmental Mapping
Authors: Fattorini Lorenzo , Franceschi Sara , Pisani Caterina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMapping continuous populations and finite populations of areas is approached in a design-based framework. The Tobler’s law is adopted as assisting model, suggesting the use of inverse distance weighting (IDW) and k nearest neighbor (kNN) interpolators. The two interpolators are also able to exploit information provided by the huge list of inexpensive auxiliary data deriving from remote sensing sources. Conditions ensuring design-based consistency of kNN and IDW interpolators exploiting auxiliary information are derived under very simple tessellated schemes widely applied in environmental surveys. Simulation studies performed on a real population fully confirm the theoretical findings. Consistency results about kNN can be extended to random forest imputation techniques, that in the last years have been increasingly applied in mapping forest and environmental resources. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Some new congruences for overcubic partitions with r-tuples
Authors: Buragohain Pujashree , Saikia Nipen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKim (Ramanujan Math Soc Lect Notes Ser 14:157–163, 2010) introduced the overcubic partition function $$\overline{a}(n)$$

a
¯

(
n
)

, which represents the number of all the overlined versions of the cubic partition counted by a(n). Let $$ \overline{b}_r(n)$$

b
¯

r

(
n
)

denote the number of overcubic partitions of n with r-tuples. Several authors established many particular and infinite families of congruences for $$ \overline{b}_2(n)$$

b
¯

2

(
n
)

. In this paper, we show that $$ \overline{b}_{2^\beta m+t}(n)\equiv \overline{b}_{t}(n) \,(mod \,2^{\beta +1}), $$

b
¯

2
β

m
+
t

(
n
)

≡

b
¯

t

(
n
)

(
m
o
d

2

β
+
1

)

,

where $$\beta \ge 1$$

β
≥
1

, $$m\ge 0$$

m
≥
0

, and $$t\ge 1$$

t
≥
1

are integers. We also prove some new congruences modulo 8, 16 and 32 for $$\overline{b}_{4m+2}(n)$$

b
¯

4
m
+
2

(
n
)

, $$\overline{b}_{4m+3}(n)$$

b
¯

4
m
+
3

(
n
)

, $$\overline{b}_{8m+2}(n)$$

b
¯

8
m
+
2

(
n
)

, $$\overline{b}_{8m+4}(n)$$

b
¯

8
m
+
4

(
n
)

and $$\overline{b}_{16m+4}(n)$$

b
¯

16
m
+
4

(
n
)

, where m is any non-negative integer.
Association of handgrip strength weakness and asymmetry with low physical performance among Chinese older people
Authors: Luo Yu , Ma Xiaoyi , Zhang Ling , He Wen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry are both abnormal conditions of upper-limb muscle strength. The association between HGS weakness and physical performance is controversial, and the link between HGS asymmetry and physical performance remains unclear.

Aims
This study aimed to investigate the associations of HGS weakness and asymmetry separately and concurrently with low physical performance among Chinese older people.

Methods
The study used two waves of data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2013 and 2015. HGS weakness and asymmetry were defined according to the maximal HGS and the HGS ratio, respectively. Participants were classified into 4 groups according to HGS status: normal, asymmetry only, weakness only, and concurrent weakness and asymmetry. The logistic regression model was used to investigate the cross-sectional association between low physical performance and each of maximal HGS, HGS ratio, and HGS status, as well as the prospective association between baseline HGS status and new-onset physical performance decline after two years.

Results
Participants with HGS asymmetry only, weakness only, and two abnormalities showed a higher prevalence of low physical performance when asymmetry defined as an HGS ratio exceeding 1.20 and 1.30 (all, p < 0.001), with the greatest odds in those with two abnormalities (20% threshold: OR 3.83; 30% threshold: OR 5.41). The longitudinal analysis found that HGS weakness can predict the new-onset low physical performance over a two-year period, with concurrent HGS asymmetry further increased the future risk of physical performance decline.

Conclusions
Both HGS weakness and asymmetry were associated with a higher prevalence of low physical performance, in an additive way. This study will help screen older people with low physical performance more efficiently, and identify those at higher risk of developing new-onset physical performance decline within two years.
Citric Acid Leaching Performance at High Solid-to-Liquid Ratios for Lithium-Ion Battery Recycling
Authors: Punt T. , van Wyk A. P. , Bradshaw S. M. , Akdogan G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the performance of citric acid as lixiviant for cathode material from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Black mass containing 84.2 wt% MNC (LiNi0.45Mn0.4Co0.15O2) and 15.8 wt% LCO (LiCoO2) material was leached at solid-to-liquid ratios of 20, 50, and 100 g/L. Leaching with 1.5 M citric acid, 2 vol.% H2O2, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 20 g/L at 95 °C extracted 90% Co, 95% Li, 94% Mn, and 94% Ni within 20 min. At the highest solid/liquid ratio of 100 g/L with 1.5 M citric acid, 10 vol.% H2O2, and 95 °C, 84% Al, 84% Co, 87% Li, 86% Mn, and 96% Ni were leached after 40 min, producing a leach solution containing 0.68 g/L Al, 20.0 g/L Co, 6.0 g/L Li, 13.6 g/L Mn, and 19.3 g/L Ni. Using stepwise addition of H2O2, instead of initial bulk addition, did not significantly improve the leaching efficiency but did reduce the required leaching time. Temperature control of the reactor was also more manageable with stepwise addition of H2O2 and evolution of gas was less vigorous. It was observed that the leaching efficiencies of Co, Li, and Mn decreased slightly at solid/liquid ratios of 50 g/L and 100 g/L, while the leaching of Ni increased slightly. The solution leached at 20 g/L could be stored for 6 weeks without any spontaneous precipitation. However, solutions leached at 50 g/L and 100 g/L showed changes in concentration after 1 month’s storage, suggesting that processes that have a large material throughput and use high solid-to-liquid ratios around 100 g/L must ensure that the solutions are not stored for extended periods of time.
Vertical stratification of the soil seed bank in wet grasslands and its implications for restoration
Authors: Tóth Ágnes , Deák Balázs , Kelemen András , Kiss Réka , Lukács Katalin , Bátori Zoltán , Valkó Orsolya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the vertical stratification of the soil seed bank in wet grasslands, with a special emphasis on seeds in deeper soil layers that are generally not considered in seed bank studies. We studied the soil seed bank at four depths: 0–10 cm, 10–30 cm, 30–50 cm, 50–70 cm in five study sites in Central Hungary. The seedling emergence method was used to detect viable seeds. The relationship between the vertical stratification of the seed bank and species traits was studied using generalized linear mixed models. We also sampled the aboveground vegetation and applied non-metric multidimensional scaling to evaluate the species composition of the seed bank and vegetation. The species richness and the seed density of different layers were significantly different; both decreasing with increasing depth. Although most viable seeds were found in 0–10 cm depth (22,632 seeds/m2), an unexpected large number of seeds germinated also from the deepest soil layer (50–70 cm; 4170 seeds/m2). Species without morphological specializations for spatial seed dispersal (i.e., Allium dispersal type), lower water requirements, and heavier seeds occurred in great abundance in the deeper soil layers. The dominance of species without specialized spatial dispersal suggests that they invest more in temporal dispersal by the soil seed bank. Forbs and perennial species dominated both the seed bank and the aboveground vegetation; however, the dominant species in the seed bank did not correspond to the dominant species in the aboveground vegetation. Our results suggest that the seed bank of wet grasslands does not contain the full habitat-specific species pool despite its high seed density and species richness. The restoration of the studied wet grasslands cannot rely solely on the local seed banks.
Economical iron-based catalyst electrode for highly stable catalytic industrial-scale overall seawater splitting
Authors: Hao Weiju , Huang Guoqing , Ma Xunwei , Lei Fengjing , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Jiacheng , Guo Yanhui , Li Guisheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of economical and stable catalyst electrodes for industrial-scale seawater splitting is one of the current challenges in hydrogen production. The economical transition metals possess high electrical conductivity and offer the potential for designing electrodes with high intrinsic activity through appropriate modifications, thus holding promising applications in industrial contexts. Herein, a durable and economical self-supported bifunctional electrode (Fe@Ni) with high efficiency and large area is successfully constructed by one step in-situ deposition of iron on the porous structure of nickel foam (NF) via mild (298 K) electroplating method. Transition metals like iron and nickel offer high electrical conductivity and can be properly modified to achieve electrodes with high intrinsic activity. Due to the in-situ growth of cost-effective iron on the NF surface, the electrode surface morphology and electronic structure are reconstructed, which significantly improves the electrochemical activity surface area and electron transfer capability of the electrode. The hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction (HER/OER) in simulated seawater (1 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl) require only 129 mV and 323 mV overpotentials to achieve a current density of 100 mA cm−2. Overall seawater splitting (OWS) achieves 10 mA cm−2 at a low voltage of 1.49 V and with a faradaic efficiency of nearly 100%. More importantly, the bifunctional electrodes remain stable at industrial-level current density (1.0 A cm−2) for more than 50 days. More attractively, this work realizes the universal construction of large-area electrode for multiple metals (e.g., Fe, Cu, Al, etc.) with mild and simple process, which provides a new strategy for the current research of energy and materials.
Mapping stakeholder role and influence: Malik ISCs model for sustainable provision of low-income housing
Authors: Malik Sana 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHousing provision is an integrated network of stakeholders, resources, institutions, and regulations. This study explores the stakeholder analysis approach through grounded theory to rationalize the stakeholder influence and role in developing collaborative frameworks for the sustainable provision of low-income housing in Pakistan. This study aims to theorize the Institutional Stakeholder Collaborations (ISCs) conceptual framework derived from institutional, stakeholder, collaboration, and resource dependence theories. The research also presents an interesting feature, i.e. stakeholder-resource cross-tabulation in achieving the research objective to develop the ISCs theory by placing core categories against stakeholder categories and resource domains. Stakeholder mapping plotted the influence against attributes of power, legitimacy, and interest (PLI) within the context of low-income housing in Punjab, Pakistan. The new theory was generated from the grounded data as a collaborative model for the sustainable provision of low-income housing, i.e., the Malik ISCs Model. This informed discovery of collaboration through the Malik ISCs Model for effectively providing low-income housing projects suggests some key points for the broader global policy discourse of housing development, emphasizing the low-income segment.
Patterns and outcomes of individuals admitted at emergency units following intentional self-harm in Northern Uganda
Authors: Kaggwa Mark Mohan , Abaatyo Joan , Opiro Keneth , Sikoti Margret , Bongomin Felix 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe retrospectively reviewed charts of 253 self-harming patients admitted to emergency units in Northern Uganda in 2021. Twenty-two (8.7%) died by suicide, especially due to organophosphate poisoning (n = 14, 63.6%). Regarding self-harm management, observed differences were noted in the type of hospital and the use of antidotes between public and private facilities. There is a need for more studies and a multisector approach to prevent and treat self-harm in Uganda.
Virale Hepatitis und HIV im Justizvollzug
Authors: Breitling Lutz Philipp , Vogelmann Roger 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
In der medizinischen Versorgung von Inhaftierten stellen blutübertragbare Virusinfektionen eine besondere Herausforderung dar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden aktuelle Vorgehensweisen zu Prävention, Screening und Initialmanagement von Infektionen mit Hepatitis B und C sowie dem humanen Immundefizienzvirus (HIV) in diesem Kontext dargestellt. Mindestens bei Erstkontakt sollte ein Screening angeboten werden. Eine unkomplizierte chronische Hepatitis-C-Erkrankung kann allgemeinmedizinisch therapiert werden. Beim Vorliegen komplizierender Faktoren oder Nachweis der anderen genannten Pathogene sollte die Therapiesteuerung durch ein spezialisiertes Zentrum erfolgen. Durch die Häufung zahlreicher Risikofaktoren und Benachteiligungen bei Inhaftierten besteht nicht nur ein großer Behandlungsbedarf. Die forcierte Adressierung dieser Personengruppen ist auch für die Erreichung der erklärten Ziele der öffentlichen Gesundheit hinsichtlich der Kontrolle der viralen Hepatitiden und HIV unverzichtbar.
Strategies for Land-Grant Universities to Foster Public Trust
Authors: Anderson John D. , Malone Trey , Akridge Jay T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis review article explores the role of land-grant Extension amidst an escalating epistemic crisis, where misinformation and the contestation of knowledge severely impact public trust and policymaking. We delve into the historical mission of land-grant institutions to democratize education and extend knowledge through Cooperative Extension Services, highlighting their unique position to address contemporary challenges of information disorder and declining public confidence in higher education. Land-grant universities can reaffirm their relevance and leadership in disseminating reliable information by reasserting their foundational principles of unbiased, objective scholarship and deep engagement with diverse stakeholders. This reaffirmation comes at a critical time when societal trust in science and academia is waning, necessitating a recommitment to community engagement and producing knowledge for the public good. The article underscores the necessity for these institutions to adapt to the changing information landscape by fostering stakeholder-engaged scholarship and enhancing accessibility, thus reinforcing their vital role in upholding the integrity of public discourse and policy.
Addressing the Human Rights Risks of Financing the Arms Industry: Insights from Banks’ Corporate Policies
Authors: Alwishewa Hiruni 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article examines recent measures undertaken by major commercial banks to mitigate and address human rights risks associated with their financial dealings in the arms industry. By reviewing the corporate policies of 20 leading banks that provide financing to top arms manufacturing and exporting companies, the article provides insights into three significant aspects of banks’ efforts: the development of defence sector policies, the implementation of risk assessments for adverse human rights impacts, and the application of exclusion clauses. These measures highlight the increasing recognition by banks of the need to address the ethical, social and human rights implications of financing arms deals, contributing to the broader regulatory and normative framework governing the arms industry.
AI as a constituted system: accountability lessons from an LLM experiment
Authors: Nabben Kelsie 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the practicalities of establishing and maintaining AI infrastructure, as well as the considerations for responsible governance by investigating the integration of a pre-trained large language model (LLM) with an organisation’s knowledge management system via a chat interface. The research adopts the concept of “AI as a constituted system” to emphasise the social, technical, and institutional factors that contribute to AI’s governance and accountability. Through an ethnographic approach, this article details the iterative processes of negotiation, decision-making, and reflection among organisational stakeholders as they develop, implement, and manage the AI system. The findings indicate that LLMs can be effectively governed and held accountable to stakeholder interests within specific contexts, specifically, when clear institutional boundaries facilitate innovation while navigating the risks related to data privacy and AI misbehaviour. Effective constitution and use can be attributed to distinct policy creation processes to guide AI’s operation, clear lines of responsibility, and localised feedback loops to ensure accountability for actions taken. This research provides a foundational perspective to better understand algorithmic accountability and governance within organisational contexts. It also envisions a future where AI is not universally scaled but consists of localised, customised LLMs tailored to stakeholder interests.
A prospective study of antenatal anxiety and depression in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Floyd R. , Hughes N. , O’Sullivan L. , Hevey D. , Murphy N. , Hinds C. , Owens L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) experience higher rates of depression and anxiety. There is limited research relating to perinatal mental health in women with PCOS. Studies suggest PCOS is associated with a higher prevalence of perinatal mental health disorders. Perinatal guidelines currently do not recognise PCOS as a risk factor for perinatal mental health disorders. We aimed to prospectively assess the prevalence of mental health disorders in pregnant women with PCOS.

Methods:
Consenting pregnant women, with and without PCOS, were invited to participate. Standardised validated questionnaires were carried out including Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS).

Results:
Fifty-one with PCOS and 49 without PCOS responded. Pregnant women with PCOS had a higher mean (SD) anxiety score (GAD-7) than those without PCOS (8.2 [6.7] vs. 5.89 [4.7], p = 0.04). Pregnant women with PCOS had higher mean (SD) depression scores than those without PCOS on EPDS (9.1 [6.4] vs. 6.4 [4.5], p = 0.02) but not PHQ-9 score (median (IQR) 4 (3–9) vs. 4 (2–7.5), p = 0.25). Women with PCOS were more likely to experience moderate/severe anxiety (PCOS 34%, control 20%) and moderate/severe depression (PCOS 34%, control 20%) symptoms than women without PCOS. Twenty-nine percent of pregnant women with PCOS had an EPDS score >13 showing significantly higher rates of severe depression (PCOS 29%, control 12%, p = 0.03).

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest a higher prevalence of perinatal depression and anxiety in women with PCOS. Our findings may suggest increased need for screening for mental health disorders in women with PCOS.
Group collaboration reduces delay discounting of intertemporal choices and its duration
Authors: Geng Xiaowei , Zhao Yating , Xu Shiyuan , Sun Xinye , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many real-world intertemporal decisions involve a group of two or more individuals making consensual decisions through group collaboration. Here, we ask how group collaboration affects intertemporal choices. In two experiments, participants completed intertemporal choices individually first (the precollaboration phase). Then, participants were placed into groups of two or three and completed a similar intertemporal task, with the group arriving at a consensual decision on each trial (the group collaboration phase). Finally, participants once again completed the intertemporal choices individually (the postcollaboration phase). Results showed that after group collaboration, the delay discounting significantly decreased compared to before collaboration both at group level and at individual level. The effect of group collaboration on individual intertemporal choices was no longer discernible by 1 week later. Therefore, the current research demonstrates the effectiveness of group collaboration and provides a way to nudge both groups and individuals to make farsighted choices.