bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting regional aerosol emissions reductions to local and remote precipitation responses
Authors: Westervelt Daniel M. , Conley Andrew J. , Fiore Arlene M. , Lamarque Jean-François , Shindell Drew T. , Previdi Michael , Mascioli Nora R. , Faluvegi Greg , Correa Gustavo , Horowitz Larry W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The unintended climatic implications of aerosol and precursor
emission reductions implemented to protect public health are poorly
understood. We investigate the precipitation response to regional changes in
aerosol emissions using three coupled chemistry–climate models: NOAA
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Model 3 (GFDL-CM3), NCAR
Community Earth System Model (CESM1), and NASA Goddard Institute for Space
Studies ModelE2 (GISS-E2). Our approach contrasts a long present-day control
simulation from each model (up to 400 years with perpetual year 2000 or 2005
emissions) with 14 individual aerosol emissions perturbation
simulations (160–240 years each). We perturb emissions of sulfur dioxide
and/or carbonaceous aerosol within six world regions and assess the
significance of precipitation responses relative to internal variability
determined by the control simulation and across the models. Global and
regional precipitation mostly increases when we reduce regional aerosol
emissions in the models, with the strongest responses occurring for sulfur
dioxide emissions reductions from Europe and the United States.
Precipitation responses to aerosol emissions reductions are largest in the
tropics and project onto the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
Regressing precipitation onto an Indo-Pacific zonal sea level pressure
gradient index (a proxy for ENSO) indicates that the ENSO component of the
precipitation response to regional aerosol removal can be as large as 20 %
of the total simulated response. Precipitation increases in the Sahel in
response to aerosol reductions in remote regions because an anomalous
interhemispheric temperature gradient alters the position of the
Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). This mechanism holds across multiple
aerosol reduction simulations and models.
La comprensión de la situación problema en la práctica del Trabajo Social de Casos
Authors: Cardona Cardona Josefa , Cuartero Castañer María Elena , Campos Vidal José Francisco 
Published: August 2018

Introducción El artículo analiza de que forma los trabajadores/as sociales de los servicios comunitarios de atención primaria se aproximan a la comprensión de la situación problema relatada por sus clientes. Comprender lo que sucede va a orientar el proceso de cambio y proponer un tipo de trabajo concreto en unas condiciones definidas. Se busca formular junto a los clientes un acuerdo de trabajo, es decir, el contexto de intervención para el cambio: asesoramiento, control, formación, información, asistencia, terapia o mediación. Si la compresión de la situación-problema es insuficiente o es inadecuada, las intervenciones para el cambio no se ajustarán a las singularidades de los clientes y tampoco a sus necesidades. Material y métodos Para responder a la pregunta de investigación, se ha desarrollado una muestra no probabilística intencional del 73,04% del total de trabajadores sociales que trabajaban en proyectos de atención directa individual y familiar. Se han obtenido los rankings de los niveles de importancia y realización de los criterios de intervención interrogados, se ha analizado la relación lineal a través del coeficiente de correlación lineal de Spearman y se ha desarrollado la prueba de conformidad Z para proporciones. Resultados y Conclusiones. Los resultados ponen en evidencia la discrepancia entre los criterios de intervención que se consideran importantes y el nivel de realización de los mismos. También indican que en el proceso para la definición del contexto de intervención (acogida inicial, escucha de la demanda, comprensión de la situación problema, co-diagnóstico, formulación de objetivos, desarrollo de la alianza de ayuda y determinación del contexto de intervención) el punto débil se centra en la comprensión de la situación problema. Esta comprensión se muestra superficial, con una baja práctica de criterios de intervención que evalúen significados, fortalezas, soluciones intentadas y sistemas implicados. La práctica profesional de comprensión del problema no confía suficientemente en la aplicación de técnicas de análisis fundamentales y no considera en profundidad la puesta en juego de los conocimientos del propio profesional. Dicha situación no va a permitir que se construya una definición del contexto de intervención adecuada a la situación problema y, en consecuencia, va a dificultar que la dirección de las intervenciones para el cambio se corresponda con las necesidades de los clientes.
Claves éticas para el trabajo social: dependencia, cuidado y autonomía.
Authors: Cordero Ramos Nuria , Palacios Esteban Jose Emilio 
Published: August 2018

Se parte del hecho de que las propuestas vigentes de organización social, sean de cuño comunitarista, colectivismo revolucionario o contractualismo liberal, debido a la ficticia concepción de la persona con que operan, no dan una respuesta adecuada a su dignidad. Dicha respuesta necesita fundamentarse en la vulnerabilidad y consiguiente mutua “dependencia” que por naturaleza nos vincula a los seres humanos, sin excepción de individuos y a lo largo de la vida. Esta perspectiva nos sirve para valorar la forma en que de hecho nos tratamos. En consecuencia, insta a que, más allá de la justa indignación, asumamos el compromiso propio de lo que presentamos como “ética del cuidado”. Un cuidado en el que han de concienciarse los ciudadanos, generalizarse en la sociedad civil y convertirse en “solidaridad” como núcleo del Estado social. De estas reflexiones se decantan los valores clave del trabajo social, entre los que la “autonomía plena de la persona” constituye el horizonte o punto de llegada al que proponemos dirigir nuestra mirada y nuestra acción.
La filosofia moral y la práctica profesional
Authors: Gaitán Torres Antonio 
Published: August 2018

Lo que sigue es un comentario crítico de ‘El buen profesional’, de Damián Salcedo – EBP, en adelante[1]. En EBP se ofrece una caracterización de la integridad profesional, y de algunos de los dilemas que se le plantean al trabajador social en su práctica cotidiana, a partir de una caracterización formal de nuestros juicios morales. Se asume en EBP que un trabajo previo de clarificación conceptual - eminentemente filosófico y centrado en el tipo de razones que sustentan nuestros juicios morales - podría ser de ayuda a la hora de analizar conflictos y dilemas profesionales típicos. El objetivo de este comentario es cuestionar la validez y utilidad de esta labor de re-descripción conceptual asumido por Salcedo en EBP. Una de las novedades más destacables en la reciente Filosofía Moral es la creciente atención que se viene prestando dentro de la disciplina a un conjunto de datos empíricos centrados en nuestra pensamiento moral, en nuestra deliberación moral y en los condicionantes sociales que afectan a esta peculiar capacidad psicológica (Singer 2005. Appiah 2008). [1]Salcedo, D. 2015. ‘El buen profesional’, Cuadernos de Trabajo Social, Vol. 28-1, pp. 17-24
Court “Monsters”: Deformity in the Western European Royal Courts between 1500 and 1700
Authors: Wells Christopher William 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Whereas early modern monstrosity generally has enjoyed in-depth historical investigation, the presence of so-called monsters at the European royal courts has been somewhat overlooked. By using a severity continuum of deformity and a subcontinuum of emancipation as a framework, this article addresses three specific questions regarding court monstrosity: Why did such individuals reside at court? What role did they have within the court? How were they perceived and treated by other courtiers? The article will first address those who belonged at the less severe end of the severity continuum but whose relatively minor abnormalities nevertheless rendered them wondrous—courtly dwarfs and giants. This is followed by an examination of two of the more unusual types of deformities belonging to the more severe end of the continuum—people with hirsutism and conjoined twins.
Shakespeare and the Magic of Mummy: Julius Caesar's Consumed/Consuming Bodies
Authors: Walker Katherine 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
I argue in this article for a reconsideration of Shakespeare's play in light of the phenomena of eating mummified flesh in early modern medicinal practice. At various junctures in Julius Caesar, characters imagine consuming Caesar's sanctified flesh as an act of revenge, dissolution, or medical regimen. As this article shows, however, such an act is never empirically neutral. Rather, Shakespeare's drama explores the intractable animus that inheres in the corpse, particularly in the material of Caesar's flesh. In attending to the preternatural discourses surrounding this type of consumption, the article provides a new lens for understanding the period's fascination with—and desire for—a panacea that enfolds imprecation and special consideration of the preternatural properties of the human body.
Container Shipping: The Evaluation of Quality Factors in Freight Forwarding Services
Authors: Sramkova Eva , Kolar Petr , Hunak James 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article evaluates quality factors determined by customers of a freight forwarder operating in the Czech market, through the development of a new service quality measurement tool, TARRQUAL. Developed by the authors and based on expert discussions, TARRQUAL supplements the Delphi method. Through the application of factors derived from relevant research studies from customers in the Asian, Australian, and American markets, the research elaborates the dimensions expressed by Czech cargo beneficiaries. Using a decision-making matrix, the research findings are compared. The research key value is a holistic input for the empirical research in the forwarding services provider selection process, geographically scoped by the inland hinterland of European markets, with the Czech Republic as a showcase.
Administratief Tribunaal van de Internationale Arbeidsorganisatie dringt zorgplicht op aan Internationaal Strafhof: werkneemsters van het Strafhof mogen flexibel werken om borstvoeding te kunnen geven
Authors: Foubert P. , De Cock F. 
Published: August 2018

Administratief Tribunaal van de Internationale Arbeidsorganisatie dringt zorgplicht op aan Internationaal Strafhof: werkneemsters van het Strafhof mogen flexibel werken om borstvoeding te kunnen geven
Het Administratief Tribunaal van de Internationale Arbeidsorganisatie buigt zich over geschillen met werknemers van internationale organisaties. Dit Tribunaal komt twee tot drie keer per jaar samen in Genève om deze geschillen te beslechten. Immers, internationale organisaties genieten verregaande immuniteiten en beschikken over een eigen juridisch kader om de arbeidsrelatie met hun werknemers te regelen. Deze werknemers kunnen niet terecht bij een nationale rechter.Het Tribunaal oordeelde dat wanneer een werkneemster tijdelijk flexibele arbeidsomstandigheden vraagt om haar baby borstvoeding te kunnen geven, de internationale organisatie dit niet zonder meer mag weigeren. Doet de internationale organisatie (het Internationaal Strafhof) dat wel, dan wordt het zorgplichtprincipe geschonden. Volgens dit principe moeten internationale organisaties hun werknemers met de nodige zorg en aandacht behandelen teneinde hen onnodig leed te besparen.
Evaluation of marginal microleakage in composite restorations with different placement techniques
Authors: Misilli Umut , Yılmaz Fikret 
Published: August 2018

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different layering techniques (bulk, oblique, centripetal, split horizontal) on the marginal microleakage of Class II adhesive restorations.
Methodology: Forty-eight standardised Class II cavities were prepared on both mesial and distal sides of extracted non-carious human molar teeth. Following preparation, all specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n=12). Group 1: bulk technique; Group 2: oblique incremental technique; Group 3: centripetal incremental technique; Group 4: split horizontal incremental technique. The teeth were restored with a total-etch adhesive system and a microhybrid composite resin. After thermocycling and immersion in a 0.2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours, the restorations were sectioned, and dye penetration was evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The microleakage scores (0 to 4) obtained from the occlusal and gingival margins were analysed with Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0,05).
Results: Incremental placement techniques showed lower microleakage compared with bulk and lower microleakage was seen at occlusal margin compared with gingival margin. However, there were no statistically significant differences among four placement techniques and the margins (p>0,05).
Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, none of the four placement techniques were found to be effective in eliminating marginal microleakage entirely in Class II restorations. All of the placement techniques showed similar results when the cavity margins were located on the enamel.
Regard rétrospectif sur la norme du français québécois oral
Authors: Bigot Davy 
Published: August 2018

Depuis les années 1960, la question de la norme linguistique au Québec a été soulevée à de nombreuses reprises. En 1965, l’Office de la langue française soulignait l’importance d’aligner cette norme sur le français standard international. En 1977, l’Association québécoise des professeurs de français proposait que la norme du français québécois soit basée sur le français formel des Québécois. Cependant, aucune de ces deux propositions n’a réellement fait consensus.
Quelques années plus tard, certains affirmaient qu’il existait une norme québécoise qui n’était basée ni sur du français populaire québécois ni sur du français standard de France, mais que cette norme n’était encore décrite nulle part. Depuis, plusieurs études ont fourni des éléments descriptifs du français standard québécois oral.
Dans notre article, nous nous proposons de dresser un portrait exhaustif du français standard oral en usage au Québec. Dans un premier temps, nous reviendrons brièvement sur le débat entourant la question de la norme linguistique québécoise. Par la suite, nous fournirons une description de cette norme du point de vue phonique et du point de vue grammatical. Enfin, nous terminerons par une réflexion sur l’importance didactique de ce standard québécois dans l’enseignement du français au Québec.
Creating functional groups of marine fish from categorical traits
Authors: Ladds Monique A , Sibanda Nokuthaba , Arnold Richard , Dunn Matthew R 
Published: August 2018

Background. Functional groups serve two important functions in ecology, they allow for simplification of ecosystem models and can aid in understanding diversity. Despite their important applications, there has not been a universally accepted method of how to define them. A common approach is to cluster species on a set of traits, validated through visual confirmation of resulting groups based primarily on expert opinion. The goal of this research is to determine a suitable procedure for creating and evaluating functional groups that arise from clustering nominal traits.
Methods. To do so we produced a species by trait matrix of 22 traits from 116 fish species from Tasman Bay and Golden Bay, New Zealand. Data collected from photographs and published literature were predominantly nominal, and a small number of continuous traits were discretized. Some data were missing, so the benefit of imputing data was assessed using four approaches on data with known missing values. Hierarchical clustering is utilised to search for underlying data structure in the data that may represent functional groups. Within this clustering paradigm there are a number of distance matrices and linkage methods available, several combinations of which we test. The resulting clusters are evaluated using internal metrics developed specifically for nominal clustering. This revealed the choice of number of clusters, distance matrix and linkage method greatly affected the overall within- and between- cluster variability. We visualise the clustering in two dimensions and the stability of clusters is assessed through bootstrapping.
Results. Missing data imputation showed up to 90% accuracy using polytomous imputation, so was used to impute the real missing data. A division of the species information into three functional groups was the most separated, compact and stable result. Increasing the number of clusters increased the inconsistency of group membership, and selection of the appropriate distance matrix and linkage method improved the fit.
Discussion. We show that the commonly used methodologies used for the creation of functional groups are fraught with subjectivity, ultimately causing significant variation in the composition of resulting groups. Depending on the research goal dictates the appropriate strategy for selecting number of groups, distance matrix and clustering algorithm combination.
Protocol for the validation of four search strategies for retrieval of Clinical Practice Guidelines in MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed
Authors: Lunny Carole A , Salzwedel Doug M , Liu Tracy , Ramasubbu Cynthia , Gerrish Savannah , Puil Lorri , Mintzes Barbara , Wright James M 
Published: August 2018

Background Guidelines are systematically developed recommendations to assist practitioner and patient decisions about treatments for clinical conditions. Researchers, healthcare professionals and policy makers need to be able to retrieve clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) efficiently and quickly from the literature. Despite the widespread use of CPGs in practice and policy formulation, no filter for retrieval of guidelines has been validated to date. The use of a validated search filter for CPGs would make their retrieval from major bibliographic databases more efficient. Objectives We aim to fill this gap by validating search filters for use in the systematic retrieval of CPGs and measure their performance according to sensitivity and precision.
Methods We found four search filters for retrieval of CPGs (two CADTH, PubMed and University of Texas filters) which we will validate in three databases (MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed). We will derive a test set of CPGs from a search of the TRIP and Epistemonikos databases. The citations retrieved will be randomly sorted and screened sequentially by two reviewers until at least 100 CPGs are included. We will include CPGs that provide at least two explicit recommendations for the treatment of any clinical condition, and that are produced by a group or organization (i.e., not authored by one person) . We will translate the filters into Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed syntax as appropriate. Then, we will run the strategies and assess whether the filters retrieved the citations in our test set. We will calculate and compare the sensitivity and precision of the four filters in each database. The limitations of the CADTH, PubMed and University of Texas search filters for each database will be assessed by examining the keywords in the titles and abstracts of the citations not found by the search filters.
Discussion Decision makers, healthcare providers and researcher will be able to choose the most precise and sensitive search strategy among the four available, which will enable them to more efficiently identify relevant clinical practice guidelines.
The effect of outdoor air pollution on the risk of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis in infants: a systematic review
Authors: King Charlotte , Kirkham Jamie , Hawcutt Daniel , Sinha Ian 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveTo systematically review the evidence around the effect of ambient levels of particulate and gaseous pollutants, and the risk of hospitalisation with bronchiolitis for infants under two years of age.DesignSystematic review of observational epidemiological studies including cohort, time series, case crossover and case control study designs.Data sourcesMedline, Scopus, and Web of Science searched to November 2017 with no language restrictions.Eligibility criteriaStudies investigating impact of air pollution levels on particulate pollutants (diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) or <10 μm (PM10) and gaseous pollutants (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ozone (O3)) on hospital admission for bronchiolitis.Main outcome measureRisk of hospitalisation from bronchiolitis.ResultsEight studies were eligible for review. Long term exposure to PM2.5 may be associated with increased risk of hospitalisation for bronchiolitis. SO2may also be associated with hospitalisation, but results for other pollutants are inconsistent between studies. In three of the five studies that showed a positive association between air pollutants and hospitalisation, measured concentrations were below World Health Organization (WHO) recommended levels.ConclusionsCertain particulate and gaseous pollutants may have a clinically relevant effect on hospital admissions for bronchiolitis in children below age two years old. Large cohort or time series studies are needed to examine this possible association.ProtocolThe protocol can be found at PROSPERO (CRD42017080643).
Anatomical notes and discussion of the first described aetosaurStagonolepis robertsoni(Archosauria: Suchia) from the Upper Triassic of Europe, and the use of plesiomorphies in aetosaur biochronology
Authors: Parker William G. 
Published: August 2018

Stagonolepis robertsoni, from the Late Triassic of Scotland, was the first named aetosaurian. Known mostly from a series of natural molds from two localities, the osteology of this taxon has been difficult to interpret. Detailed work on this material in the late 1950s resulted in a monograph that set the standard for the understanding of aetosaurians, makingStagonolepis robertsonithe best known aetosaurian; however, little has been done with this material since. Reanalysis of this material shows that despite its limitations the early 1960s reconstruction work depicts the preserved characteristics faithfully, especially in the skull. The first cervical rib is extremely anteroposteriorly elongate as inAlligator, a character not previously recognized in aetosaurians. Diapophyseal and zygapophyseal vertebral laminae are present in the cervical and trunk vertebrae. The ilium is autapomorphic with distinct pre- and post-processes of the iliac blade. The osteoderms differ from North and South American material that has been ascribed to the genus. Those assignments are based on plesiomorphies within Aetosauria, such as a radial ornamentation and a posteriorly located and medially offset dorsal eminence. Biostratigraphic correlations using taxonomic conclusions based on plesiomorphic characters should not be used. The holotype specimen ofS. robertsoniis currently diagnostic, in part because ventral osteoderms are not known for many aetosaurian taxa and the surface ornamentation of randomly distributed, closely packed oblong pits found inS. robertsoniis unique within Aetosauria.