bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotective Effects of Dammarane-Type Saponins from Panax notoginseng on Glutamate-Induced Cell Damage in PC12 Cells
Authors: Zhang Bao-Bao , Hu Xiao-Long , Wang Yu-Yan , Li Jun-Yan , Pham Thi-Anh , Wang Hao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDammarane-type saponins, the main active ingredients of Panax notoginseng, have substantial neuroprotective effects in different animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. However, because these compounds have different structures, the level of protection provided by individual compounds varies, and highly active compounds can be selected based on structure-activity relationships. Glutamate is a major excitatory neurotransmitter that plays an important role in synaptic response development. However, excessive extracellular glutamate levels lead to neuronal dysfunctions in the central nervous system. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of nine saponins (compounds 1 – 9) on glutamate-treated PC12 cells in the concentration range of 0.1 – 10 µM. The MTT assay revealed that these compounds increased cell viability to 65.6, 69.8, 76.9, 91.7, 74.4, 63.3, 59.9, 64.7, and 59.9%, respectively, compared with the glutamate-treated cells (44.6%). Protopanaxatriol (compound 4) was the most neuroprotective compound, and subsequent experiments revealed that pretreatment with compound 4 significantly reverses mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, increases superoxide dismutase activity, and decreases lactate dehydrogenase leakage, malondiadehyde levels, reactive oxygen species generation, and cell apoptosis. Compound 4 also decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, cleaved caspase-3, N-methyl-D-aspartic receptor 1, and Ca2+-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II expression, and inhibited glutamate-induced cytochrome C release and phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38. Overall, the results indicate that protopanaxatriol has significant neuroprotective effects, and might be a promising neuroprotective agent for preventing and treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Rigidez en cirugía de reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior
Authors: Figueroa David , Espinoza Jaime , Yañez Claudio , Bernal Nazira 
Published: February 2019

ResumenLa rigidez de rodilla en cirugía de Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior (R-LCA) es una complicación devastadora, alcanzando una incidencia variable entre el 4% y el 38%. La definición de artrofibrosis es aún poco clara, lo que ha llevado a distintos esquemas terapéuticos. Conocer la etiopatogenia es clave para entender los procesos y las posibles alternativas de tratamiento. Distintas clasificaciones han sido descritas, siendo la de Shelbourne la más usada, debido a su valor pronóstico asociado. El objetivo del tratamiento en una rodilla estable es mejorar la movilidad articular, la satisfacción del paciente, y disminuir el riesgo de artrosis a largo plazo. El tratamiento se puede dividir en quirúrgico y conservador. Ese último, se enfoca principalmente en buscar la causa y lograr una prevención e intervención temprana, siendo el manejo que con mayor frecuencia se realiza. El tratamiento quirúrgico es una opción cuando el tratamiento conservador falla. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura y de 150 pacientes sometidos a R-LCA, de los cuales 4 presentaron artrofibrosis a un seguimiento de 2 años. Además, presentamos nuestro algoritmo de manejo terapéutico.
A Nationwide Analysis of Preoperative Planning on Operative Times and Postoperative Complications in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sodhi Nipun , Anis Hiba K. , Coste Marine , Ehiorobo Joseph O. , Chee Alexander , Freund Benjamin , Sultan Assem A. , Moskal Joseph T. , Scuderi Giles R. , Mont Michael A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCompared with nonelective total knee arthroplasties (TKAs), elective procedures have more time for preoperative planning, which allows for potentially improved patient optimization, risk factor modification, and patient education. The purpose of this study was to (1) determine nationwide trends in operative times and (2) evaluate associations between surgery type, elective or nonelective, with respect to (a) operative times, (b) length of stay (LOS), (c) discharge dispositions, (d) 30-day postoperative complications, (e) reoperations, and (f) readmissions. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was queried for all primary TKAs performed between 2011 and 2016. This yielded 209,178 cases which were stratified into elective and nonelective cases. Elective cases were those in which patients were brought from their normal living environment for scheduled procedures. One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used to evaluate associations between operative times and year of surgery. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models adjusted for surgery year and patient factors (age, sex, BMI [body mass index], and ASA [American Society of Anesthesiologists] score) were used to evaluate associations of surgery type with peri- and postoperative outcomes. A significant inverse correlation between operative times and operative year was observed (p < 0.001). Mean operative times and LOS were significantly shorter in elective cases compared with nonelective cases (93 vs. 112 minutes, p < 0.005; 3 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed these associations remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders (p < 0.001). Compared with the nonelective cohort, patients in the elective cohort were more likely to be discharged home (74 vs. 69%, p < 0.001). Nonelective patients had higher rates of pneumonia (0.7 vs. 0.3%, p = 0.005), organ-space surgical site infections (SSI; 0.4 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.004), transfusions (10.9 vs. 6.5%, p < 0.001), sepsis (0.6 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.001), and septic shock (0.2 vs. 0.1%, p = 0.005) compared with elective patients. These associations remained significant with multivariate logistic regression. This study demonstrated that preoperative planning can help shorten operative times and LOS as well as reduce complication and reoperation rates. Alongside the direct advantages identified in this study, potential greater effects include superior patient outcomes and reduced health care costs.
Flap Reconstruction of Gastrointestinal-to-Genitourinary Fistulas: A 20-Year Experience
Authors: Oliver Jeremie D. , Hammoudeh Ziyad S. , Akhavan Arya A. , Tran Nho V. 
Published: February 2019

Background Gastrointestinal-to-genitourinary fistulas may occur secondary to obstetric complications, radiation therapy, cancer without radiation, inflammatory bowel disease, or previous surgery. Flap reconstruction is useful for complex cases refractory to standard techniques, separating the fistula tracts to aid healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate outcomes and risk factors for complications in flap reconstruction of fistulas from several different etiologies performed over a 20-year period.
Methods All patients who underwent flap reconstruction between January 1995 and December 2014 were reviewed. Patient demographics, prior treatment failures, surgical indications, and comorbidities were obtained. Operative and postoperative data were collected, including flap type, length of stay, early and late complications, recurrences, and follow-up time. Operative success was defined as definitive treatment of the fistula without recurrence within 6 months.
Results There were 59 patients who underwent 66 reconstructions. The overall complication rate was 59.1%. Complications included infection (21%), dehiscence (17%), and partial flap loss (1.5%). Operative success rate was 51.5%. Smoking history (p = 0.021) and body mass index (BMI) > 35 (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with increased likelihood of postoperative complications following flap reconstruction in these patients. Additionally, fistulas due to cancer resections had a higher likelihood of postoperative complications compared with fistulas due to bowel disease or obstetric complications (p = 0.04).
Conclusion Flap reconstruction can be successfully used for complex or refractory gastrointestinal-to-genitourinary fistulas. However, considerable complication and recurrence rates were found in this population. Patients with a BMI > 35 and a history of smoking were at greatest risk in this cohort of experiencing postoperative complications.
Cerebellar Agenesis: A Case to Remember
Authors: Dennison John V. , Tailor Dharmesh R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is a wide range of congenital anomalies of the posterior fossa. Of these, absence of cerebellar components seems to exist on a spectrum, much like anomalies seen with the more frequently encountered Dandy–Walker malformation. Here, we present a rare case of cerebellar agenesis, as seen at our institution, which falls on the extreme side of the spectrum. We also discuss normal and aberrant posterior fossa development, established or hypothesized genetic causes of such development, and implications on cerebellar function.
Mouse and human urothelial cancer organoids: A tool for bladder cancer research
Authors: Mullenders Jasper , de Jongh Evelien , Brousali Anneta , Roosen Mieke , Blom Jan P. A. , Begthel Harry , Korving Jeroen , Jonges Trudy , Kranenburg Onno , Meijer Richard , Clevers Hans C. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Bladder cancer poses a big clinical challenge, particularly in advanced cases. Here we present a culture system for bladder cancer based on organoid culture technology. We have created a living biobank containing organoids grown from over 50 patient samples, which reflects many aspects of bladder cancer pathogenesis. Organoids of human bladder cancer cells can be maintained for prolonged periods of time, and closely resemble the tumor histology. Bladder organoids can be used for drug screening, and therefore provide a platform for development of new drugs for the treatment of bladder cancer and personalized medicine.
Chronic participation in externally paced, but not self‐paced sports is associated with the modulation of domain‐general cognition
Authors: Ballester Rafael , Huertas Florentino , Pablos‐Abella Carlos , Llorens Francesc , Pesce Caterina 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe present study investigated the role of chronic sport participation in the modulation of vigilance and inhibitory control. We also aimed to disentangle the relative contribution of different types of sport expertise and sport‐related fitness to the exercise‐cognition relationship. Three groups of young adults differing in their chronic sport expertise (externally‐paced sports, n = 22, self‐paced sports, n = 22, non‐athletes, n = 22) took part in the study. Participants completed a cardiovascular fitness test, a hand‐eye coordination test and two different types of vigilance tasks: (1) Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) and (2) Oddball Task, which were designed to gain insight into the cognitive processes involved in sustaining attention over time and allocating selective attention by exerting inhibitory control, respectively. No differences were found in PVT performance between the two athlete groups and between self‐paced sports athletes and non‐athletes, whereas athletes from externally‐paced sports outperformed non‐athletes. Crucially, athletes from externally‐paced sports also differed from those of self‐paced sports and non‐athletes in the Oddball task, showing less omission and commission errors. The sport expertise effect was independent of participant's cardiovascular fitness while hand‐eye coordination modulated vigilance and inhibitory control performance. Our findings add novel empirical evidence to the role of expertise in cognitively demanding sports as an important factor in the relationship between exercise and cognition.
The Islamic garden
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The origins of the Islamic garden are a subject of considerable debate, focusing on the relative importance of two earlier traditions: ancient Rome and ancient Persia. Some argue that the linear axis and peristyle courtyard of the Roman garden is the only significant influence on the great Islamic gardens of Spain. Others champion the influence of ancient Persia, where the walled palace garden was a rectangle divided into quadrants by intersecting irrigation channels—a design known as chahar bagh (‘four gardens’). ‘The Islamic garden’ describes the Mughal gardens of the Indian subcontinent and moves westwards to the gardens of Spain and Portugal, explaining how Islamic gardens were (and are) centred on water.
The East Asian garden
Authors: Campbell Gordon 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
‘The East Asian garden’ considers the garden history of China and Japan, where the design emphasis is often on rocks and water. The Chinese see the garden through the prism of a set of philosophical assumptions and values that differ from those through which Westerners view gardens. The three contending worldviews pertinent to Chinese garden history are Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism, and all of these religions affect the design and the use of gardens in China. The origins of the spiritualized landscapes of Japanese gardens lie in Shinto, the native religion of Japan, but the arrival of Buddhism and Daoism in Japan had an important impact on later designs.
Preliminary outcomes of preemptive warfarin pharmacogenetic testing at a large rural healthcare center
Authors: Leary Emili , Brilliant Murray , Peissig Peggy , Griesbach Sara 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Purpose
As a preliminary evaluation of the outcomes of implementing pharmacogenetic testing within a large rural healthcare system, patients who received pre-emptive pharmacogenetic testing and warfarin dosing were monitored until June 2017.

Summary
Over a 20-month period, 749 patients were genotyped for VKORC1 and CYP2C9 as part of the electronic Medical Records and Genomics Pharmacogenetics (eMERGE PGx) study. Of these, 27 were prescribed warfarin and received an alert for pharmacogenetic testing pertinent to warfarin; 20 patients achieved their target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0–3.0, and 65% of these patients achieved target dosing within the recommended pharmacogenetic alert dose (± 0.5 mg/day). Of these, 10 patients had never been on warfarin prior to the alert and were further evaluated with regard to time to first stable target INR, bleeds and thromboembolic events, hospitalizations, and mortality. There was a general trend of faster time to first stable target INR when the patient was initiated at a warfarin dose within the alert recommendation versus a dose outside of the alert recommendation with a mean (± SD) of 34 (± 28) days versus 129 (± 117) days, respectively. No trends regarding bleeds, thromboembolic events, hospitalization, or mortality were identified with respect to the pharmacogenetic alert. The pharmacogenetic alert provided pharmacogenetic dosing information to prescribing clinicians and appeared to deploy appropriately with the correct recommendation based upon patient genotype.

Conclusion
Implementing pharmacogenetic testing as a standard of care service in anticoagulation monitoring programs may improve dosage regimens for patients on anticoagulation therapy.
Dose–Response Relative Risk of Injury From Acute Alcohol Consumption in 22 Countries: Are Women at Higher Risk Than Men?
Authors: Cherpitel Cheryl J , Ye Yu , Monteiro Maristela G 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThe risk of injury from alcohol consumption was analyzed by gender, controlling for frequency of heavy drinking occasions, and by cause of injury (traffic, violence, fall, other).MethodsCase-crossover analysis was conducted on 18,627 injured patients arriving at the emergency department (ED) within six hours of the event.FindingsRisk of injury was similar for females and males at ≤3 drinks prior to injury (OR = 2.74 vs. 2.76, respectively). At higher volume levels females were at greater risk than males, and significantly so at 3.1–6 drinks and 6.1–10 drinks (gender by volume interaction: OR = 0.60, CI = 0.39–0.93 and OR = 0.50, CI = 0.27–0.93, respectively). For those reporting 5+ ≥ monthly, females were at higher risk than males at all volume levels, and the gender by volume interaction was stronger than for those consuming 5+ <monthly at ≤3 drinks (OR = 0.51, CI = 0.28–0.92) and 6.1–10 drinks (OR = 0.39, CI = 0.18–0.82). Females were at higher risk of injury than males for all causes of injury except those related to traffic at lower levels of consumption (<6 drinks), although the gender by volume interaction was significant only for injury from other causes at 3.1–6 drinks (OR = 0.23, CI = 0.09–0.87).ConclusionsFemales are at higher risk of injury than males, regardless of frequency of heavy drinking and for all causes other than those related to traffic.
Fictionalism, the Safety Result and counterpossibles
Authors: Skiba Lukas 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Fictionalists maintain that possible worlds, numbers or composite objects exist only according to theories which are useful but false. Hale, Divers and Woodward have provided arguments which threaten to show that fictionalists must be prepared to regard the theories in question as contingently, rather than necessarily, false. If warranted, this conclusion would significantly limit the appeal of the fictionalist strategy rendering it unavailable to anyone antecedently convinced that mathematics and metaphysics concern non-contingent matters. I try to show that their arguments can be resisted by developing and defending a strategy suggested by Rosen, Nolan and Dorr, according to which the fiction-operator is to be analysed in terms of a counterfactual that admits of non-trival truth-values even when the antecedent is impossible.
Conservation Criminology: Modelling Offender Target Selection for Illegal Fishing in Marine Protected Areas
Authors: Weekers Damian P , Zahnow Renee , Mazerolle Lorraine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe emergence of conservation criminology over the past decade provides a unique insight into patterns of wildlife crime. Wildlife crime has a dramatic impact on many vulnerable species and represents a significant challenge to the management of protected areas around the world. This paper contributes to the field of conservation criminology by examining the travel patterns of fishing poachers in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park in Australia. The results demonstrate that distance is a key feature of offender target selection, reflecting the established environmental criminology concept of distance decay. The analysis also reveals a significant relationship between individual no-take zones and regional population areas. The applicability of a nodal-oriented approach to wildlife crime prevention is discussed.
Parameter-free Community Detection through Distance Dynamic Synchronization
Authors: Huang Jianbin , Bian Qingquan , Sun Heli , Yang Yaming , Zhou Yu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Community detection plays a significant role in understanding the essence of a network. A recently proposed algorithm Attractor, which is based on distance dynamics, can spot communities effectively, but it depends on a cohesion parameter. Moreover, no efficient way is provided to find an optimal cohesion parameter setting. In this paper, we propose a parameter-free community detection algorithm by synchronizing distances iteratively. In each iteration, the distance of each edge will change dynamically according to the effect generated by its related neighbours. Several iterations later, distances between vertices belonging to the same community will synchronize to 0, while distances between vertices not in the same community will synchronize to 1. Besides, merging and division strategies are built up in the process of community detection. Experiments on both real-world and synthetic networks demonstrate benefits of our method compared to the baseline methods.
Postpartum hormones oxytocin and prolactin cause pro-arrhythmic prolongation of cardiac repolarization in long QT syndrome type 2
Authors: Bodi Ilona , Sorge Jonathan , Castiglione Alessandro , Glatz Sylva M , Wuelfers Eike M , Franke Gerlind , Perez-Feliz Stefanie , Koren Gideon , Zehender Manfred , Bugger Heiko , Seemann Gunnar , Brunner Michael , Bode Christoph , Odening Katja E 
Published: February 2019

Aims
Women with long QT syndrome 2 (LQT2) have a particularly high postpartal risk for lethal arrhythmias. We aimed at investigating whether oxytocin and prolactin contribute to this risk by affecting repolarization.

Methods and results
In female transgenic LQT2 rabbits (HERG-G628S, loss of IKr), hormone effects on QT/action potential duration (APD) were assessed (0.2–200 ng/L). Hormone effects (200 ng/L) on ion currents and cellular APD were determined in transfected cells and LQT2 cardiomyocytes. Hormone effects on ion channels were assessed with qPCR and western blot. Experimental data were incorporated into in silico models to determine the pro-arrhythmic potential. Oxytocin prolonged QTc and steepened QT/RR-slope in vivo and prolonged ex vivo APD75 in LQT2 hearts. Prolactin prolonged APD75 at high concentrations. As underlying mechanisms, we identified an oxytocin- and prolactin-induced acute reduction of IKs-tail and IKs-steady (−25.5%, oxytocin; −13.3%, prolactin, P < 0.05) in CHO-cells and LQT2-cardiomyocytes. IKr currents were not altered. This oxytocin-/prolactin-induced IKs reduction caused APD90 prolongation (+11.9%/+13%, P < 0.05) in the context of reduced/absent IKr in LQT2 cardiomyocytes. Hormones had no effect on IK1 and ICa,L in cardiomyocytes. Protein and mRNA levels of CACNA1C/Cav1.2 and RyR2 were enhanced by oxytocin and prolactin. Incorporating these hormone effects into computational models resulted in reduced repolarization reserve and increased propensity to pro-arrhythmic permanent depolarization, lack of capture and early afterdepolarizations formation.

Conclusions
Postpartum hormones oxytocin and prolactin prolong QT/APD in LQT2 by reducing IKs and by increasing Cav1.2 and RyR2 expression/transcription, thereby contributing to the increased postpartal arrhythmic risk in LQT2.
Annual Greenhouse-Gas Emissions from Forest Soil of a Peri-Urban Conifer Forest in Greece under Different Thinning Intensities and Their Climate-Change Mitigation Potential
Authors: Doukalianou F , Radoglou K , Agnelli A E , Kitikidou K , Milios E , Orfanoudakis M , Lagomarsino A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Knowledge of the response of thinning implementation on forest soil–atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) (CO2, CH4, N2O) fluxes exchange system in Mediterranean region is limited because of the high heterogeneity of both soil properties and forest biomass. The novelty of this study is grounded predominantly in evaluating for the first time the response of annual GHG fluxes to thinning in a coniferous peri-urban forest soil in Greece, thus contributing significantly to the enrichment of the GHG fluxes database from the Mediterranean forest ecosystem. Results suggest that CH4 uptake increased with increasing thinning intensity. The reduction in CO2 emissions in both thinning treatments was possibly related to an indirect effect of soil heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration. Coniferous peri-urban forests in Greece can act temporally as sinks of atmospheric N2O in the coldest months and a weak source of N2O fluxes in summer. The GHG variation depended largely on soil environmental factors with soil temperature representing the dominant factor for CO2 and CH4, whereas soil moisture correlated, albeit weakly, with N2O variability. Reduction in global warming potential was observed in both thinning treatments, markedly in selective treatment, giving an initial indication that high-intensity thinning in coniferous peri-urban forests in Greece presents a high potential for global change mitigation.