bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of paraffin/TiO2‐P(MMA‐co‐BA) phase change material microcapsules for thermal energy storage
Authors: Qiu Xiao Zhong , Tao Yuan , Xu Xue Qing , He Xin Hua , Fu Xiao Yi 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTMicrocapsules based on a phase changing paraffin core and modified titanium dioxide–poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐butyl acrylate) [P(MMA‐co‐BA)] hybrid shell were prepared via a Pickering emulsion method in this study. The microcapsules exhibit an irregularly spherical morphology with the size range of 3–24 µm. The addition of BA can enhance the toughness of the brittle polymer poly(methyl methacrylate) and improve the thermal reliability of the phase change microcapsules. The ratio of BA/MMA is in the range of 0.09–0.14, and the ratio of the monomer/paraffin is varied from 0.45 to 0.60. These microcapsules exhibit a well‐defined morphology and good thermal stability. The actual core content of the microcapsules reaches 36.09%, with an encapsulation efficiency of 73.07%. Furthermore, the prepared microcapsules present the high thermal reliability for latent‐heat storage and release after 2000 thermal cycles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46447.
Effect of modified phenolic resin on crosslinked network and performances of polyvinyl acetate blending emulsion
Authors: Mao Jian , Zhuang Qixin , Peng Sai , Liu Qiang , Qian Jun 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe water‐soluble phenolic resin (PF) and the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) modified phenolic resin (PPF) were synthesized by alkali catalysis method. Both were used as curing agents to blend with the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) emulsion. The obtained PF, PPF and blending emulsion were characterized by FT‐IR, DSC, DLS, TEM, and viscosity analysis. The thermal stability of latex films was enhanced after blending. When the PF and PPF content was up to 15 wt %, the peel strength of the blending emulsion increased from 17.89 N/25 mm to 21.32 N/25 mm and 23.37 N/25 mm and the shear impact strength were 1.4 and 1.6 times that of unmodified emulsion adhesive, respectively. Moreover, the modification effect of PPF was better than PF due to its tough crosslinked network. Finally, layer cohesion played an increasingly important role in bonding forces with the increment of the PPF content by the glue residue analysis. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46448.
Synergistic effect of α‐ZrP and graphene oxide nanofillers on the gas barrier properties of PVA films
Authors: Ding Jie , Zhao Chunxia , Zhao Ling , Li Yuntao , Xiang Dong 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTTwo types of 2D nanofillers, α‐zirconium phosphate (α‐ZrP) and graphene oxide (GO), were synthesized and incorporated into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with 1 wt % loading level at various α‐ZrP:GO (Z:G = 5:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5) ratios. The resulting nanocomposites were tested for barrier properties by casting films from solution. The structure and morphology of α‐ZrP and GO were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, which demonstrated successful preparation of exfoliated α‐ZrP and GO. The physical characteristics of the nanocomposite films, including thermal, mechanical, and gas barrier properties were investigated. The results indicated that the tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break of the PVA nanocomposite films with Z:G hybrid nanofiller improved compared to neat PVA. The glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and crystallinity also increased. Consequently there appears to be a synergistic effect with these two types of nanofillers that formed a specific macro structure of a “wall.” This macrostructure resulted in excellent O2 gas barrier properties with the PVA/Z:G‐5:1 nanocomposite films having the best performance. The
of the PVA/Z:G‐5:1 nanocomposite decreased from 1.835 × 10−16 to 0.587 × 10−16 cm3 cm cm−2 s−1 Pa−1 compared with neat PVA. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46455.
Facile ZIF‐8 functionalized hierarchical micronanofiber membrane for high‐efficiency separation of water‐in‐oil emulsions
Authors: Xu Si , Ren Long‐Fei , Zhou Qing , Bai Hongwei , Li Jun , Shao Jiahui 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe efficient separation and recovery of oil from water‐in‐oil emulsion poses a great challenge because of the rapid development of the petrochemical industry throughout the world. In this study, a facile method to develop a ZIF‐8 functionalized hierarchical micronanofiber membrane for high‐efficiency oil/water separation was investigated. The electrospun PVDF/ZnO membrane was made, on which ZIF‐8 crystal seeds were then created with the revitalizing step and expanded in the growth step, and finally functionalized hierarchical micronanofiber PVDF‐g‐ZIF‐8 membrane was obtained. Results showed that oleophilic ZIF‐8 crystals on the surface of PVDF membrane dramatically increased the wettability of oil and tuned PVDF membrane from olephobicity to oleophilicity. The hydrophobic/lipophilic PVDF‐g‐ZIF‐8 membrane with a water contact angle up to 158° and a toluene contact angle down to 0° provides its separation efficiency for water‐in‐oil emulsion of 92.93% in an environmentally friendly and energy‐saving manner. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46462.
Trabecular Anisotropy in the Primate Mandibular Condyle Is Associated with Dietary Toughness
Authors: Coiner‐Collier Susan , Vogel Erin R. , Scott Robert S. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTPast attempts to establish a relationship between mandibular morphology and different dietary categories (e.g., frugivore, folivore, insectivore) have had mixed results, possibly because descriptive dietary categories are too broad and obscure variation within primate diets. Another potential reason is that not all aspects of skeletal architecture, especially trabecular anisotropy, have factored into functional assessments of dietary inputs into jaw form. Recent emphasis on quantifying food mechanical properties (FMPs) has provided an alternative to reliance on dietary categories. We used data on FMPs to test for correlations among dietary toughness and Young's modulus and the trabecular structure of the mandibular condyle, which is loaded during feeding and should reflect differences in masticatory stresses associated with different dietary FMPs. Adult primate mandibles from 11 species were imaged using high‐resolution X‐ray computed tomography, and trabecular structure was analyzed with BoneJ and Quant3D to assess common three‐dimensional trabecular parameters. Results of phylogenetic generalized least squares analysis suggested a positive correlation between the degree of anisotropy (DA) and toughness, and weaker correlations between FMPs and various other trabecular variables. Because the DA contributes to the mechanical properties of bone, these results suggest a functional relationship between dietary toughness and trabecular anisotropy in the mandibular condyle. Such a perspective underscores the need to consider all aspects of skeletal morphology in evaluating the links between diet and jaw biomechanics. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, synthesis, and molecular modeling of heterocyclic bioisostere as potent PDE4 inhibitors
Authors: Almatary Aya M. , Elmorsy Mohammad A. , El Husseiny Walaa M. , Selim Khalid B. , El‐Sayed Magda A.‐A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA new hybrid template was designed by combining the structural features of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors with several heterocyclic moieties which present an integral part in the skeleton of many apoptotic agents. Thirteen compounds of the synthesized hybrids displayed higher inhibitory activity against PDE4B than the reference drug, roflumilast. Further investigation indicated that compounds 13b and 20 arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and the pre‐G1 phase, and induced cell death by apoptosis of A549 cells in a caspase‐dependent manner.
Geophysics and preventive archaeology: comparison with trial trenching on the CSNE project (France)
Authors: Hulin Guillaume , Bayard Didier , Depaepe Pascal , Koehler Alain , Prilaux Gilles , Talon Marc 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGeophysical techniques are clearly beneficial for archaeology, but limits exist. A good knowledge of these limitations is important in order to estimate precisely the reliability of these remote sensing techniques. The Canal Seine‐Nord Europe project provides a good opportunity to compare geophysical results with those from trial trenching with a mechanical digger. In 2009, magnetic and resistivity surveys were undertaken over a surface of approximately 60 ha, independently of archaeological evaluation by trial trenching. Thirteen archaeological sites, mainly constituted in pits, post‐holes and ditches, were discovered in this area. Twelve of them were detected by trial trenching and only three by geophysical survey. This case study based on archaeological feedback shows that geophysics has to be used with caution for evaluation of this type of archaeological and pedological context (luvisols on decarbonated loess) very common for the north of France.
Multi‐Anion Intercalated Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheet‐Assembled Hollow Nanoprisms with Improved Pseudocapacitive and Electrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Li Zhengping , Han Fangchun , Li Cheng , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractElectrochemically active hollow nanostructured materials hold great promise in diverse energy conversion and storage applications, however, intricate synthesis steps and poor control over compositions and morphologies have limited the realization of delicate hollow structures with advanced functional properties. In this study, we demonstrate a one‐step wet‐chemical strategy for co‐engineering the hollow nanostructure and anion intercalation of nickel cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo‐LDH) to attain highly electrochemical active energy conversion and storage functionalities. Self‐templated pseudomorphic transformation of cobalt acetate hydroxide solid nanoprisms using nickel nitrate leads to the construction of well‐defined NiCo‐LDH hollow nanoprisms (HNPs) with multi‐anion intercalation. The unique hierarchical nanosheet‐assembled hollow structure and efficiently expanded interlayer spacing offer an increased surface area and exposure of active sites, reduced mass and charge transfer resistance, and enhanced stability of the materials. This leads to a significant improvement in the pseudocapacitive and electrocatalytic properties of NiCo‐LDH HNP with respect to specific capacitance, rate and cycling performance, and OER overpotential, outperforming most of the recently reported NiCo‐based materials. This work establishes the potential of manipulating sacrificial template transformation for the design and fabrication of novel classes of functional materials with well‐defined nanostructures for electrochemical applications and beyond.
Control of the Interfacial Wettability to Synthesize Highly Dispersed PtPd Nanocrystals for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Wei Hao , Hu Zhi‐Yi , Xiao Yu‐Xuan , Tian Ge , Ying Jie , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Janiak Christoph , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Su Bao‐Lian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHighly dispersed PtPd bimetallic nanocrystals with enhanced catalytic activity and stability were prepared by adjusting the interfacial wettability of the reaction solution on a commercial carbon support. This approach holds great promise for the development of high‐performance and low‐cost catalysts for practical applications.
Recent Advances in Imidazoliumyl‐Substituted Phosphorus Compounds
Authors: Schwedtmann Kai , Zanoni Giuseppe , Weigand Jan J. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis review aims to highlight the recent developments in the chemistry of selected imidazoliumyl‐substituted phosphorus compounds. The synthetic approaches for their preparation with phosphorus in various oxidation states and coordination environments are discussed. Their intriguing properties and versatile chemistry strongly depends on the bonding motif at the P atoms, which is given special focus.
Boosting ORR Catalytic Activity by Integrating Pyridine‐N Dopants, a High Degree of Graphitization, and Hierarchical Pores into a MOF‐Derived N‐Doped Carbon in a Tandem Synthesis
Authors: Liu Dandan , Li Liangjun , Xu Huanfei , Dai Pengcheng , Wang Ying , Gu Xin , Yan Liting , Zhao Guoming , Zhao Xuebo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractN‐doped carbon materials represent promising metal‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the cathode reaction in fuel cells, metal–air batteries, and so on. A challenge for optimizing the ORR catalytic activities of these electrocatalysts is to tune their local structures and chemical compositions in a rational and controlled way that can achieve the synergistic function of each factor. Herein, we report a tandem synthetic strategy that integrates multiple contributing factors into an N‐doped carbon. With an N‐containing MOF (ZIF‐8) as the precursor, carbonization at higher temperatures leads to a higher degree of graphitization. Subsequent NH3 etching of this highly graphitic carbon enabled the introduction of a higher content of pyridine‐N sites and higher porosity. By optimizing these three factors, the resultant carbon materials displayed ORR activity that was far superior to that of carbon derived from a one‐step pyrolysis. The onset potential of 0.955 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and the half‐wave potential of 0.835 V versus RHE are among the top ranks of metal‐free ORR catalysts and are comparable to commercial Pt/C (20 wt %) catalysts. Kinetic studies revealed lower H2O2 yields, higher electron‐transfer numbers, and lower Tafel slopes for these carbon materials compared with that derived from a one‐step carbonization. These findings verify the effectiveness of this tandem synthetic strategy to enhance the ORR activity of N‐doped carbon materials.
Cooperative and FRET‐Assisted Brightness Enhancement in Oligo(phenylene ethynylene): Quantum Dot Organic–Inorganic Nanohybrids
Authors: Gopi Arun , Sajitha Manikantan , Haridas Reethu , Varghese Listo , Yoosaf Karuvath 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHerein, we combine the ideas of concerted emission from fluorophore ensembles and its further amplification through FRET in an organic–inorganic hybrid approach. Spherical and highly fluorescent organic nanoparticles (FONPs, Φf=0.38), prepared by the self‐assembly of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) molecules, were selected as a potential donor material. This organic core was then decorated with a shell of fluorescent CdSe/ZnS core–shell quantum dots (QDs; <d>≅5.5 nm, Φf=0.27) with the aid of a bifunctional ligand, mercaptopropionic acid. Its high extinction coefficient (ϵ≈4.1×105 m−1 cm−1) and good spectral match with the emission of the FONPs (J(λ)≈4.08×1016 m−1 cm−1 nm4) made them a better acceptor candidate to constitute an efficient FRET pair (ΦFRET=0.8). As a result, the QD fluorescence intensity was enhanced by more than twofold. The fundamental calculations carried out indicated an improvement in all the FRET parameters as the number of QDs around the FONPs was increased. This, together with the localization of multiple QDs in a nanometric dimension (volume≈1.8×106 nm3), gave highly bright reddish luminescent hybrid particles as visualized under a fluorescence microscope.
Modeling autism in non‐human primates: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Zhao Hui , Jiang Yong‐Hui , Zhang Yong Q. 
Published: March 2018

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication deficits and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. For more than a decade, genetically‐modified, risk factor‐induced, as well as naturally occurring rodent models for ASD have been used as the most predominant tools to dissect the molecular and circuitry mechanisms underlying ASD. However, the apparent evolutionary differences in terms of social behavior and brain anatomy between rodents and humans have become an issue of debate regarding the translational value of rodent models for studying ASD. More recently, genome manipulation of non human primates using lentivirus‐based gene expression, TALEN and CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing techniques, has been reported. Genetically modified non‐human primate models for ASD have been produced and characterized. While the feasibility, value, and exciting opportunities provided by the non‐human primate models have been clearly demonstrated, many challenges still remain. Here, we review current progress, discuss the remaining challenges, and highlight the key issues in the development of non‐human primate models for ASD research and drug development. Autism Res 2018, 11: 686–694. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryOver the last two decades, genetically modified rat and mouse models have been used as the most predominant tools to study mechanisms underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the apparent evolutionary differences between rodents and humans limit the translational value of rodent models for studying ASD. Recently, several non‐human primate models for ASD have been established and characterized. Here, we review current progress, discuss the challenges, and highlight the key issues in the development of non‐human primate models for ASD research and drug development.
Structural basis of noncanonical polyphenol oxidase activity in DLL‐II: A lectin from Dolichos lablab
Authors: L. Vishweshwaraiah Yashavanth , Acharya Abhishek , Prakash Balaji 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLectins known to possess an additional enzymatic function are called leczymes. Previous studies reported a unique polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity in DLL‐II—a leczyme from Dolichos lablab. DLL‐II shares a high sequence and structural homology with DBL—another leczyme from Dolichos biflorus. Incidentally, DBL possesses lipoxygenase activity, but not the PPO activity. Legume lectins usually possess two metal‐binding sites A and B. Although these sites are conserved in both DBL and DLL‐II, site A in DLL‐II is occupied by Mn2+ and site B by Ca2+. In contrast, DLL‐II binds Cu2+ and Ca2+ at sites A and B, respectively. Here, investigating the structural basis of PPO activity in DLL‐II, we find that the PPO activity is only dependent on Cu2+, but not Ca2+; and the lectin activity requires only Ca2+. Further, our analysis suggests that an alternative mechanism of PPO reaction may be operative in DLL‐II, which involves a mononuclear Cu2+ metal center; this is in contrast to the bi‐nuclear Cu2+ metal center commonly observed in all PPOs. Importantly, structural and computational approaches employed here, we hypothesize possible PPO binding sites and the corresponding migration channels for accessing the active site.
Relative efficiency of unequal versus equal cluster sizes in cluster randomized trials using generalized estimating equation models
Authors: Liu Jingxia , Colditz Graham A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is growing interest in conducting cluster randomized trials (CRTs). For simplicity in sample size calculation, the cluster sizes are assumed to be identical across all clusters. However, equal cluster sizes are not guaranteed in practice. Therefore, the relative efficiency (RE) of unequal versus equal cluster sizes has been investigated when testing the treatment effect. One of the most important approaches to analyze a set of correlated data is the generalized estimating equation (GEE) proposed by Liang and Zeger, in which the “working correlation structure” is introduced and the association pattern depends on a vector of association parameters denoted by ρ. In this paper, we utilize GEE models to test the treatment effect in a two‐group comparison for continuous, binary, or count data in CRTs. The variances of the estimator of the treatment effect are derived for the different types of outcome. RE is defined as the ratio of variance of the estimator of the treatment effect for equal to unequal cluster sizes. We discuss a commonly used structure in CRTs—exchangeable, and derive the simpler formula of RE with continuous, binary, and count outcomes. Finally, REs are investigated for several scenarios of cluster size distributions through simulation studies. We propose an adjusted sample size due to efficiency loss. Additionally, we also propose an optimal sample size estimation based on the GEE models under a fixed budget for known and unknown association parameter (ρ) in the working correlation structure within the cluster.
RoMo: An efficient strategy for functional mosaic analysis via stochastic Cre recombination and gene targeting in the ROSA26 locus
Authors: Movahedi Kiavash , Wiegmann Robert , De Vlaminck Karen , Van Ginderachter Jo A. , Nikolaev Viacheslav O. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFunctional mosaic analysis allows for the direct comparison of mutant cells with differentially marked control cells in the same organism. While this offers a powerful approach for elucidating the role of specific genes or signalling pathways in cell populations of interest, genetic strategies for generating functional mosaicism remain challenging. We describe a novel and streamlined approach for functional mosaic analysis, which combines stochastic Cre/lox recombination with gene targeting in the ROSA26 locus. With the RoMo strategy a cell population of interest is randomly split into a cyan fluorescent and red fluorescent subset, of which the latter overexpresses a chosen transgene. To integrate this approach into high‐throughput gene targeting initiatives, we developed a procedure that utilizes Gateway cloning for the generation of new targeting vectors. RoMo can be used for gain‐of‐function experiments or for altering signaling pathways in a mosaic fashion. To demonstrate this, we developed RoMo‐dnGs mice, in which Cre‐recombined red fluorescent cells co‐express a dominant‐negative Gs protein. RoMo‐dnGs mice allowed us to inhibit G protein‐coupled receptor activation in a fraction of cells, which could then be directly compared to differentially marked control cells in the same animal. We demonstrate how RoMo‐dnGs mice can be used to obtain mosaicism in the brain and in peripheral organs for various cell types. RoMo offers an efficient new approach for functional mosaic analysis that extends the current toolbox and may reveal important new insights into in vivo gene function.