bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual Modification of a BiVO4 Photoanode for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance
Authors: Gao Lili , Li Feng , Hu Haiguo , Long Xuefeng , Xu Na , Hu Yiping , Wei Shenqi , Wang Chenglong , Ma Jiantai , Jin Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has triggered extensive interest in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, owing to its narrow band gap and sufficiently positive valence band. However, some defects still exist to block the solar utilization efficiency and hydrogen evolution kinetics. Herein, the NiMoO4 semiconductor is combined with a BiVO4 photoanode, for the first time, and excellent PEC performance is achieved on the basis of heterojunction formation and favorable conductivity of NiMoO4. In addition, it has been demonstrated that NiMoO4 promotes the light absorption ability, charge separation efficiency, and surface charge‐transfer efficiency comprehensively. To further improve the photoconversion efficiency, cobalt phosphate, as an oxygen evolution reaction cocatalyst, is deposited on the above electrode and achieves a much enhanced utilization efficiency of 1.18 %, with a photocurrent density of 5.3 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode; this exceeds most results reported to date. This rational and unique photoanode construction provides a new thread for the photoelectrode designation.
A high‐speed MIMO FFT processor with full hardware utilization
Authors: Li Chien‐Sung , Wang Shuenn‐Shyang 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe conventional way to design multi‐input‐multi‐output (MIMO) fast Fourier transform (FFT) processors for MIMO‐orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems is to adopt a parallel architecture which uses as many single‐input‐single‐output FFT processors as the number of transmit/receive antennas. These MIMO FFT processors can provide high throughput, but they perform with low hardware utilization when there are not all input sequences available. In this paper, we propose a high‐speed MIMO FFT processor which can work efficiently with high throughput and full hardware utilization for variable 1 to 4 input sequences. Our MIMO FFT processor is designed by reordering and distributing data sequences to all data paths and is constructed by some novel modules. Being synthesized by using UMC 0.18‐μm process demonstrates that our 64‐point 4 × 4 FFT can achieve high throughput with full hardware utilization and perform correctly up to 62.25 MHz with low power consumption for variable 1 to 4 input sequences.
Estimates of fish and coral larvae as nutrient subsidies to coral reef ecosystems
Authors: Allgeier Jacob E. , Speare Kelly E. , Burkepile Deron E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNutrient subsidies are essential for the functioning of many ecosystems. A long‐standing conundrum in coral reef ecology is how these systems can be among the most productive globally, but persist in nutrient‐poor conditions. Here, we investigate the importance of the larvae of fishes and corals and gametes of corals as nutrient subsidies for coral reefs. We provide evidence that fish larvae may be an ecologically important source of exogenous nutrients. We found that at the high end of mean estimates of fish larval supply rates, larvae can replace the nutrients in the entire fish community (estimated from Caribbean coral reefs) in 28 and 434 d for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus, respectively. Coral larvae, on the other hand, appear to represent only a fraction of the nutrients supplied by the larval fish community. In contrast, coral gametes provide substantial pulses of recycled nutrients during synchronous spawning events. Within a single night, gametes from coral spawning events can produce nutrient fluxes that represent 13 and 64 times the amount of N and carbon, respectively, stored in coral reef fish communities. Our analysis suggests that larvae and/or gametes of fishes and corals may represent an important, but previously underappreciated, source of nutrients to coral reefs that warrant inclusion into models of nutrient dynamics and ecosystem function.
Forecasting an invasive species’ distribution with global distribution data, local data, and physiological information
Authors: Jarnevich Catherine S. , Young Nicholas E. , Talbert Marian , Talbert Colin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding invasive species distributions and potential invasions often requires broad‐scale information on the environmental tolerances of the species. Further, resource managers are often faced with knowing these broad‐scale relationships as well as nuanced environmental factors related to their landscape that influence where an invasive species occurs and potentially could occur. Using invasive buffelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris), we developed global models and local models for Saguaro National Park, Arizona, USA, based on location records and literature on physiological tolerances to environmental factors to investigate whether environmental relationships of a species at a global scale are also important at local scales. In addition to correlative models with five commonly used algorithms, we also developed a model using a priori user‐defined relationships between occurrence and environmental characteristics based on a literature review. All correlative models at both scales performed well based on statistical evaluations. The user‐defined curves closely matched those produced by the correlative models, indicating that the correlative models may be capturing mechanisms driving the distribution of buffelgrass. Given climate projections for the region, both global and local models indicate that conditions at Saguaro National Park may become more suitable for buffelgrass. Combining global and local data with correlative models and physiological information provided a holistic approach to forecasting invasive species distributions.
Aquatic insect functional diversity and nutrient content in urban streams in a medium‐sized city
Authors: Lundquist Matthew J. , Zhu Weixing 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAquatic insects play a large role in the processing of organic matter in headwater streams; however, anthropogenic disturbances associated with watershed urbanization can impact the biodiversity and abundance of these insects. Aquatic insects function on multiple trophic levels (i.e., shredders, collectors, scrapers, and predators) and interact in the nutrient cycling within lotic systems. The degradation or loss of any of these functional groups could disrupt stream biogeochemistry and the flow of energy in stream ecosystems. We used a paired reach site design to assess the insect functional group representation in five streams impacted by urbanization with downstream urban and upstream rural reach sites. We also sampled two non‐urban reference streams with rural upstream and rural downstream reach sites. We assessed functional group richness and abundance and measured insect biomass, insect body nitrogen (N) content, phosphorus (P) content, and N:P ratio. We found that collectors were numerically the most abundant and taxonomically the richest insect group in all site types. There were much fewer insects collected from urban sites than rural sites and individual insects were generally smaller in the urban sites. Collectors represented the most insect biomass in urban sites and predators the most insect biomass in rural sites. Insect N and P concentrations were not affected by urban landuse, ranging from 88.45 ± 12.50 to 121.74 ± 15.80 mg/g and 10.60 ± 2.10 to 18.36 ± 7.05 mg/g, respectively; and N:P ratios from 3.48 to 20.97. However, lower total insect biomass, particularly of predators and shredders, led to significantly lower total N and P mass in urban sites. Urbanization had clear effects on the diversity of functional groups, insect biomass, and their nutrient mass in this medium‐sized city.
Ordered Mesoporous Carbons Loading on Graphene after Different Molten Salt Activations for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Chen Peng , Lu Suhui , Yang Chao , He Zi , Chen Xuli , Guo Kunkun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe molten salt activation containing different oxysalts are proposed to activate the ordered mesoporous carbons loading on graphene layers (OMC/G). The effects of different oxysalts activations on the structures of OMC/G are thoroughly investigated by scan electron microscopy (SEM), small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), Raman spectroscopy and nitrogen adsorption‐desorption at 77 K. The structures of these carboneous materials are related with the oxidizing nature of these oxysalts. By using weak oxysalt of K2CO3, the original structure of OMC/G is almost kept together with the appearance of a lot of micropores and mesopores. The electrochemical performances of OMC/G after different oxysalts activation are also studied for supercapacitor applications. OMC/G after weak oxysalt of K2CO3 based electrode results in the highest specific capacitance up to 332.5 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1, which is higher than those after both KOH activation (276.8 F g−1) and the other three oxysalts activation. Moreover, OMC/G‐K2CO3 shows an excellent cycling stability with no capacitance loss over 5000 cycles. The molten salt activation would be potentially applied to activate the porous carbons for supercapacitor applications.
Evaluating Invariance in Test Performance for Adolescent Learners of English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Manna Venessa , Yoo Hanwook , Monfils Lora 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the invariance in the factor structure underlying English‐language proficiency for two groups of adolescent learners in Japan: students in middle school (ages 13–15 years) and students in high school (ages 16–18 years). Language proficiency was measured using the TOEFL Junior® Comprehensive test, an assessment designed to measure the English skills of adolescent English learners in non‐English‐speaking countries. The study results indicate that a correlated 4‐factor model corresponding to the 4 language abilities of reading, listening, speaking, and writing best represents the nature of language proficiency in the 2 groups of adolescent English learners. Moreover, the factor structure is invariant across these 2 groups. However, there is a statistically significant difference in performance on the reading construct. The results are consistent across 2 random samples, thus providing confirmatory evidence of model invariance. This study provides empirical support for the current score‐reporting practices for the TOEFL Junior Comprehensive test and suggests that the test scores have the same meaning across test takers from middle school and high school.
Physical exercise increases involvement of motor networks as a compensatory mechanism during a cognitively challenging task
Authors: Ji Lanxin , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Zhang Xue , Steffens David C. , Ji Xiaoqing , Guo Hua , Wang Lihong 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveNeuroimaging studies suggest that older adults may compensate for declines in cognitive function through neural compensation and reorganization of neural resources. While neural compensation as a key component of cognitive reserve is an important factor that mediates cognitive decline, the field lacks a quantitative measure of neural compensatory ability, and little is known about factors that may modify compensation, such as physical exercise.MethodsTwenty‐five healthy older adults participated in a 6‐week dance training exercise program. Gait speed, cognitive function, and functional magnetic resonance imaging during a challenging memory task were measured before and after the exercise program. In this study, we used a newly proposed data‐driven independent component analysis approach to measure neural compensatory ability and tested the effect of physical exercise on neural compensation through a longitudinal study.ResultsAfter the exercise program, participants showed significantly improved memory performance in Logical Memory Test (WMS(LM)) (P < .001) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (P = .001) and increased gait speed measured by the 6‐minute walking test (P = .01). Among all identified neural networks, only the motor cortices and cerebellum showed greater involvement during the memory task after exercise. Importantly, subjects who activated the motor network only after exercise (but not before exercise) showed WMS(LM) increases.ConclusionsWe conclude that physical exercise improved gait speed, cognitive function, and compensatory ability through increased involvement of motor‐related networks.
Association between missed appointment and related factors of patients with cancer in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Lee Ye Seol , Kim Tae Hyun , Kim Juyeong 
Published: June 2018

SummaryFor the hospital administration, 1 major responsibility is to prevent the outflow of existing patients and minimize losses because of the failure of patients with cancer to attend appointments. We analyzed the association between no‐show rates and characteristics of patients with cancer at a tertiary hospital in Seoul using patient affair data. Among the 680 190 patients, no‐show rates were 4.39% and 3.37% for males and females, respectively. Male patients with colon and rectum, pancreas, and liver cancer had higher no‐show rates (5.81%, 5.8%, and 5.1%). Among females, pancreas, colon and rectum, and liver cancer were associated with high no‐show rates (5.65%, 5.44%, and 4.92%). For both males and females, liver (males: OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.68‐2.44; females: OR = 1.91; 95% CI: 1.60‐2.28) and pancreas (males: OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.57‐2.50; females: OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.61‐2.42) cancer were associated with high no‐show rates. To reduce the rate of no‐shows, hospitals should establish and enforce “missed appointment” policies as well as its effect upon health outcome.
A preliminary investigation into the effects of doxazosin on cognitive functioning in tobacco‐deprived and ‐satiated smokers
Authors: Roberts Walter , Verplaetse Terril L. , Moore Kelly E. , Oberleitner Lindsay M. , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo test the effects of doxazosin, an α1 antagonist, on cognitive functioning during tobacco withdrawal in smokers.MethodsParticipants (n = 35) were randomly assigned to receive placebo, 4‐mg/day, or 8‐mg/day doxazosin. They completed a continuous performance task and self‐reported their withdrawal symptoms at baseline and twice following a medication titration period: once in a tobacco‐deprived state and again in a nondeprived state. Ability to resist smoking was assessed using a laboratory smoking‐lapse paradigm.ResultsParticipants showed poorer cognitive performance on most measures taken from the continuous performance task when tobacco deprived. Eight‐mg/day doxazosin improved inhibitory control during the nondeprivation session but did not affect sustained attention or reaction time. Participants receiving doxazosin reported fewer withdrawal symptoms during deprivation than those on placebo. Those showing the greatest improvement of inhibitory control under doxazosin were better able to resist smoking (i.e., latency to smoke) during a smoking lapse task. Self‐reported withdrawal symptoms also were negatively associated with time to smoking.ConclusionsDoxazosin reduced symptoms of tobacco withdrawal according to self‐report and cognitive assessment and improved inhibitory control above predrug levels. This research identifies potential mechanisms by which doxazosin might improve smoking outcomes.
Integration of the Opportunity‐Ability‐Motivation behavior change framework into a coaching‐based WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist program in India
Authors: Hirschhorn Lisa R. , Krasne Margaret , Maisonneuve Jenny , Kara Nabihah , Kalita Tapan , Henrich Natalie , Rana Darpan , Maji Pinki , Delaney Megan M. , Firestone Rebecca , Sharma Narender , Kumar Vishwajeet , Gawande Atul A. , Semrau Katherine E.A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether integration of the Opportunity‐Ability‐Motivation plus Supplies (OAMS) framework into coaching improved the delivery of essential birth practices in a low‐resource setting.MethodsThis prospective mixed‐methods study used routine coaching visit data obtained from the first eight intervention facilities of the BetterBirth trial in Uttar Pradesh, India, between December 19, 2014, and October 21, 2015. The 8‐month intervention was peer coaching that integrated the OAMS framework to support uptake of the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist. Descriptive statistics were used to measure nonadherence to essential birth practices. The frequency and accuracy of coaches’ coding of barriers and the appropriateness of chosen resolution strategies to measure feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of using OAMS, were assessed.ResultsCoaches observed 666 deliveries, including 12 602 practices. Overall, essential practice nonadherence decreased from 15.6% (262/1675 practices observed) to 4.5% (4/88 practices) (P<0.001). Of the 1048 barriers identified, opportunity (556 [53.1%]) and motivation (287 [27.4%]) were the most frequently reported categories; the frequency of both decreased over time (P=0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). The coaches appropriately categorized 930 (99.8%) of 932 barriers and provided an appropriate strategy for 800 (85.8%). The commonest reason for unaddressed barriers was lack of coaching opportunities.ConclusionSuccessful integration of OAMS framework into delivery attendant coaching enabled coaches to rapidly diagnose barriers to practice adherence and develop responsive strategies.ClinicalTrials.govNCT2148952 (WHO Universal Trial Number: U11111‐1315‐647).
An atypical case of atypical pneumonia
Authors: Ota Koshi , Iida Ryo , Ota Kanna , Sakaue Masahide , Taniguchi Kohei , Tomioka Masao , Nitta Masahiko , Takasu Akira 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAtypical pneumonia has been thought to account for 7%‐20% of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). The treatment for the pathogens that cause atypical pneumonia is different from that of other bacterial pneumonia. Therefore, identification of the causative pathogen in a primary care situation is crucial for adequate treatment of CAP. Mycoplasma infection is prevalent in the general population, but Mycoplasma pneumoniae with extrapulmonary symptoms is relatively rare. Herein, we report a case of CAP because of M. pneumoniae that presented with a wide variety of extrapulmonary diseases. Delayed administration of appropriate antibiotics may contribute to development of extrapulmonary manifestations.
Development of monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in a patient with fever‐induced Brugada syndrome
Authors: Sato Yuriko , Aizawa Yoshiyasu , Fujisawa Taishi , Ito Shogo , Katano Kousuke , Fuse Nozomi , Miyabe Akira , Osada Kimihiro , Ishihara Ryuuma , Tosaka Atushi , Tamamura Toshitake , Mizumura Taisuke , Sugimura Youichi , Nakajima Kazuaki , Katsumata Yoshinori , Nishiyama Takahiko , Kimura Takehiro , Furukawa Yoshiko , Takatsuki Seiji , Kosaki Kenjiro , Fukuda Keiichi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA 50‐year‐old woman visited the emergency department with a high fever due to pneumonia. Incessant monomorphic ventricular tachycardia occurred and was terminated by intravenous lidocaine. Her ECG during sinus rhythm demonstrated ST segment elevation suggestive of Brugada syndrome (BS). An intensive examination could not detect any structural disease, and typical coved‐type ST elevation was unmasked by a pilsicainide injection leading to a diagnosis of BS. An ICD was implanted for secondary prevention of ventricular arrhythmia. The patient has been free from any recurrences of arrhythmia for 3 years.
On the impact of ICRU report 90 recommendations on kQ factors for high‐energy photon beams
Authors: Mainegra‐Hing Ernesto , Muir Bryan R. 
Published: June 2018

PurposeTo assess the impact of the ICRU report 90 recommendations on the beam‐quality conversion factor, kQ, used for clinical reference dosimetry of megavoltage linac photon beams.MethodsThe absorbed dose to water and the absorbed dose to the air in ionization chambers representative of those typically used for linac photon reference dosimetry are calculated at the reference depth in a water phantom using Monte Carlo simulations. Depth‐dose calculations in water are also performed to investigate changes in beam quality specifiers. The calculations are performed in a cobalt‐60 beam and MV photon beams with nominal energy between 6 MV and 25 MV using the EGSnrc simulation toolkit. Inputs to the calculations use stopping‐power data for graphite and water from the original ICRU‐37 report and the new proposed values from the recently published ICRU‐90 report. Calculated kQ factors are compared using the two different recommendations for key dosimetry data and measured kQ factors.ResultsLess than about 0.1% effects from ICRU‐90 recommendations on the beam quality specifiers, the photon component of the percentage depth‐dose at 10 cm, %dd(10)x, and the tissue‐phantom ratio at 20 cm and 10 cm, TPR, are observed. Although using different recommendations for key dosimetric data impact water‐to‐air stopping‐power ratios and ion chamber perturbation corrections by up to 0.54% and 0.40%, respectively, we observe little difference (≤0.14%) in calculated kQ factors. This is contradictory to the predictions in ICRU‐90 that suggest differences up to 0.5% in high‐energy photon beams. A slightly better agreement with experimental values is obtained when using ICRU‐90 recommendations.ConclusionUsers of the addendum to the TG‐51 protocol for reference dosimetry of high‐energy photon beams, which recommends Monte Carlo calculated kQ factors, can rest assured that the recommendations of ICRU report 90 on basic data have little impact on this central dosimetric parameter.