bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition Transition and the Structure of Global Food Demand
Authors: Gouel Christophe , Guimbard Houssein 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEstimating future demand for food is a critical aspect of global food security analyses. The process linking dietary changes to wealth is known as the nutrition transition and presents well‐identified features that help to predict consumption changes in poor countries. This study proposes to represent the nutrition transition with a nonhomothetic, flexible‐in‐income demand system. The resulting model is estimated statistically based on cross‐sectional information from FAOSTAT. The model captures the main features of the nutrition transition: rise in demand for calories associated with income growth; diversification of diets away from starchy staples; and a large increase in caloric demand for animal‐based products, fats, and sweeteners. The estimated model is used to project food demand between 2010 and 2050 based on a set of plausible futures (trend projections and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios). The main results of these projections are: (a) global food demand will increase by 47%, less than half the growth in the previous four decades; (b) this growth will be attributable mainly to lower‐middle‐income and low‐income countries; (c) the structure of global food demand will change over the period, with a doubling of demand for animal‐based calories and a much smaller 19% increase in demand for starchy staples; and (d) the analysis of a range of population and income projections reveals important uncertainties—depending on the scenario, the projected increases in demand for animal‐based and vegetal‐based calories range from 74% to 114%, and from 20% to 42%, respectively.
Identifying differentially methylated sites in samples with varying tumor purity
Authors: Häkkinen Antti , Alkodsi Amjad , Facciotto Chiara , Zhang Kaiyang , Kaipio Katja , Leppä Sirpa , Carpén Olli , Grénman Seija , Hynninen Johanna , Hietanen Sakari , Lehtonen Rainer , Hautaniemi Sampsa 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMotivationDNA methylation aberrations are common in many cancer types. A major challenge hindering comparison of patient-derived samples is that they comprise of heterogeneous collection of cancer and microenvironment cells. We present a computational method that allows comparing cancer methylomes in two or more heterogeneous tumor samples featuring differing, unknown fraction of cancer cells. The method is unique in that it allows comparison also in the absence of normal cell control samples and without prior tumor purity estimates, as these are often unavailable or unreliable in clinical samples.ResultsWe use simulations and next-generation methylome, RNA and whole-genome sequencing data from two cancer types to demonstrate that the method is accurate and outperforms alternatives. The results show that our method adapts well to various cancer types and to a wide range of tumor content, and works robustly without a control or with controls derived from various sources.Availability and implementationThe method is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/anthakki/dmml.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A case with acute-on-chronic liver failure receiving liver transplantation during daclatasvir and asunaprevir therapy in chronic hepatitis C patient
Authors: Park Wonhyeong , Jung Jihwan , Yang Soo Hyun , Lee Danbi , Kang Hyo Jeong 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We report a case with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 b liver cirrhosis who received liver transplantation because of acute-on-chronic liver failure during daclatasvir (DSV) and asunaprevir (ASV) combination therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first case received liver transplantation during DSV + ASV therapy. Therefore, clinicians should pay particular attention to the possibility of acute liver failure during DSV and ASV combination therapy.
Criteria for assessing the quality of mHealth apps: a systematic review
Authors: Nouri Rasool , R Niakan Kalhori Sharareh , Ghazisaeedi Marjan , Marchand Guillaume , Yasini Mobin 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objective
Review the existing studies including an assessment tool/method to assess the quality of mHealth apps; extract their criteria; and provide a classification of the collected criteria.

Methods
In accordance with the PRISMA statement, a literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBase, ISI and Scopus for English language citations published from January 1, 2008 to December 22, 2016 for studies including tools or methods for quality assessment of mHealth apps. Two researchers screened the titles and abstracts of all retrieved citations against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The full text of relevant papers was then individually examined by the same researchers. A senior researcher resolved eventual disagreements and confirmed the relevance of all included papers. The authors, date of publication, subject fields of target mHealth apps, development method, and assessment criteria were extracted from each paper. The extracted assessment criteria were then reviewed, compared, and classified by an expert panel of two medical informatics specialists and two health information management specialists.

Results
Twenty-three papers were included in the review. Thirty-eight main classes of assessment criteria were identified. These were reorganized by expert panel into 7 main classes (Design, Information/Content, Usability, Functionality, Ethical Issues, Security and Privacy, and User-perceived value) with 37 sub-classes of criteria.

Conclusions
There is a wide heterogeneity in assessment criteria for mHealth apps. It is necessary to define the exact meanings and degree of distinctness of each criterion. This will help to improve the existing tools and may lead to achieve a better comprehensive mHealth app assessment tool.
Subrogation and the Theory of Insurance When Suits Can Be Brought for Losses Suffered
Authors: Polinsky A Mitchell , Shavell Steven 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The theory of insurance is considered here when an insured individual may be able to sue another party for the losses that the insured suffered—and thus when an insured has a potential source of compensation in addition to insurance coverage. Insurance policies reflect this possibility through so-called subrogation provisions that give insurers the right to step into the shoes of insureds and to bring suits against injurers. In a basic case, the optimal subrogation provisions involve full retention by the insurer of the proceeds from a successful suit and the pursuit of all positive expected value suits. This eliminates litigation risks for insureds and results in lower premiums—financed by the litigation income of insurers, including from suits that insureds would not otherwise have brought. Moreover, optimal subrogation provisions are characterized in the presence of moral hazard, administrative costs, and non-monetary losses, and it is demonstrated that optimal provisions entail sharing litigation proceeds with insureds in the first two cases but not when losses are non-monetary. (JEL G22, K13, K41)
Ten Essential Practices for Developing or Reforming a Biostatistics Core for a NCI Designated Cancer Center
Authors: Mazumdar Madhu , Moshier Erin L , Özbek Umut , Parsons Ramon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere are 69 National Cancer Institute (NCI) designated Cancer Centers (CCs) in the United States. Biostatistical collaboration is pivotal in cancer research, and support for a cancer biostatistics shared resource facility (C-BSRF) is included in the award. Although the services and staff needed in a C-BSRF have been outlined in general terms and best practices for biostatistical consultations and collaboration in an academic health center have been agreed upon, implementing these practices in the demanding setting of cancer centers interested in pursuing or maintaining NCI designation remains challenging. We surveyed all C-BSRF websites to assess their organizational charts, governance, size, services provided, and financial models and have identified 10 essential practices for the development of a successful C-BSRF. Here, we share our success with, and barriers to, implementation of these practices. Showcasing development plans for these essential practices resulted in an NCI score of “Excellent to Outstanding” for our C-BSRF in 2015, and performance metrics in 2016–2017 demonstrated notable improvement since our original Cancer Center Support Grant (CCSG) application in 2014. We believe that the essential practices described here can be adapted and adjusted, as needed, for CCs of various sizes and with different types of cancer research programs.
The Epidemiology of Pain and Addiction
Authors: Brunner Emily , Levy Robert 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The chapter on the epidemiology of pain and addiction opens with a discussion of epidemiological principles and then proceeds to review two categories of data: that which are available on the use of opioids to treat chronic pain, and that reflecting opioid use disorder (OUD). The data are provided with graphical representations that may aid in discussions and in teaching. An accompanying glossary of epidemiological terminology facilitates understanding of the data. Conclusions are drawn from the prevalence of use and of mortality that contribute to an understanding of the origins and direction of the opioid use crisis. An accompanying text box provides resources for further exploration of the topics discussed in the chapter.
Ethical Issues in Treating Pain and Addiction
Authors: Spevak Christopher J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In addressing the ethical issues that arise in treating both pain and addiction, the author of this chapter has organized his presentation around: the history of medical ethics; theories and definitions; and the ethical challenges to providing clinical care. The theoretical underpinnings to ethical decision-making are important to providing the best possible outcome, and their evolution is described, from the Hippocratic Oath to current human subjects’ protection rules for clinical trials. The tension between patient autonomy and the physician’s obligation to protect is as high as that seen in parenthood, but commonly with even less control of the individuals involved. A framework is provided for examining clinical cases that aids in addressing such topics as treatment disagreement, confidentiality, informed consent, abandonment, pregnancy, and biases that may be seen with categorical treatment programs (e.g., abstinence-based, faith-based). A text box is added giving additional resources on the topics discussed.
Professionally Directed Non-Pharmacological Management of Chronic Pain
Authors: Przekop Peter 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter is a complement to Chapter 15, concentrating on the non-pharmacological approaches to chronic pain. It features a discussion on the utility of mind-body therapies, psychosocial treatments, and technology-based therapies in the context of recovery through 12-Step programs and other mutual support groups. Such settings are commonly poorly receptive to medication management of either pain or addiction; the availability of other approaches can bridge the gap, leading to effective management of both. The therapies discussed include “movement” therapies, such as internal qi gong, tai chi, yoga, and martial arts. Healing touch, reiki, external qi gong, and acupuncture are examples of “energy” therapies, requiring an intercessor. Among the psychosocial treatments are motivational interviewing, cognitive restructuring, cognitive behavioral therapy, acceptance-based cognitive therapy, operant training, hypnosis, relaxation training, and mindfulness/meditation. Addressed as procedures are massage, chiropractic and osteopathic manipulations, trans-epidermal nerve stimulation (TENS), and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).
Revising the Treatment Plan and/or Ending Pain Treatment
Authors: Weiner Mark A. , Malinoff Herbert L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This chapter describes specifically the population with chronic non-malignant pain whose illness is described as “opioid treatment failures,” perhaps 75% of the total. It addresses one of the most difficult questions in the management of comorbid pain and addiction: termination of opioid therapy. It begins by defining the problem for each patient in terms of strata of risk, and then describes the opioid discontinuation process in both outpatient medical offices and hospital settings. Timelines for discontinuation, including of benzodiazepines, are discussed, as well as the place of buprenorphine during taper or withdrawal. Both the fear of abandonment and the requirement for long-term aftercare are addressed, consistent with psychosocial principles generally accepted for the management of all chronic conditions.
Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Substance Use Disorders
Authors: Weaver Michael F. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In conjunction with chapters 16 and 17, which described non-pharmacological approaches to pain management, this chapter reviews the available non-pharmacological approaches to substance use disorders (SUD). Specific subtopics include 12-Step programs and facilitation, motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, individual and group psychotherapies, contingency management, community reinforcement, family therapy, relapse management, and the terminal consideration of all therapies, termination (what is the duration of treatment)? Each subtopic is addressed in abstract rather than in comprehensive format, to allow the primary care provider to identify her level of interest and present level of understanding, and to inform further reading. The chapter concludes with a text box providing additional resources.
Pain and Addiction in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Pangarkar Sanjog S. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Distinct from Chapter 24, on co-occurring psychiatric disorders, this chapter addresses common physical comorbidities that give rise to chronic pain and are notorious for associated substance use disorders. The concept of “pseudo-addiction” is explored as one of several contributors to common misperceptions of the analgesic needs of such patients. Examples of entities discussed are chronic low back pain, sleep apnea, chronic pancreatitis, cirrhosis, and HIV infection or AIDS-related pain. While not intrinsically painful, sleep apnea merits inclusion as it arises in conjunction with sedative-hypnotic, opioid, or nicotine use. Cirrhosis likewise creates obstacles to successful pain or addiction management resulting from altered metabolism of medications and enhanced susceptibility to potentially lethal syndromes (hepato-renal syndrome, gastric hemorrhage, etc.). The management of neuropathic pain in HIV infection (Chapter 15) is amplified here.
Pain and Addiction in Patients with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Muchowski Karen 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The opening passages in this discussion of the interface between fibromyalgia, a chronic pain syndrome, and addiction describe background pathophysiology. Typical patients are discussed in terms of their historic and physical findings, leading to a review of the non-pharmacological and pharmacological managements available for this syndrome. While the diagnosis of fibromyalgia is commonly mischaracterized as attention-seeking behavior or feigned helplessness, many of the behaviors seen in fibromyalgia also are present in other, more accepted chronic disorders, from diabetes to HIV disease. Providing both an accepting manner and an assertive management approach toward the syndrome, the authors note significant improvement in patients who undergo aerobic exercise programs, as well as complementary and integrative medical strategies such as acupuncture, and meditative movement therapies such as yoga. Improvement in sleep patterns is commonly associated with overall symptom reduction.
Pain and Addiction in Women
Authors: Terplan Mishka 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Women experience pain differently than men and suffer unique pain conditions. Pain syndromes frequently overlap in women and can be associated with co-occurring mental health disorders, addiction, and intimate partner violence as well as childhood sexual abuse. A discussion of extant concepts for understanding pain in women includes gender-role theory, exposure theory, and vulnerability theory. The chapter focuses predominantly on women of child-bearing age, and their unique risks and management requirements; consequently, contraceptive needs and fulfillment are reviewed for their place in the clinical management of pain and addiction. Unique to women, dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, endometriosis, fibromyalgia, interstitial cystitis, vulvodynia, and pregnancy may all be undervalued or overlooked in a non-gynecological setting. The higher susceptibility of women to osteoporotic disease and associated pain in older age constitutes another risk zone for pain mismanagement. A text box (30.1) describes the opioid neonatal abstinence syndrome, its diagnosis, and its management.
Black hole/pulsar binaries in the Galaxy
Authors: Shao Yong , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
We have performed population synthesis calculation on the formation of binaries containing a black hole (BH) and a neutron star (NS) in the Galactic disc. Some of important input parameters, especially for the treatment of common envelope evolution, are updated in the calculation. We have discussed the uncertainties from the star formation rate of the Galaxy and the velocity distribution of NS kicks on the birthrate (${\sim } 0.6\hbox{--}13 \rm \, M\,yr^{-1}$) of BH/NS binaries. From incident BH/NS binaries, by modelling the orbital evolution due to gravitational wave radiation and the NS evolution as radio pulsars, we obtain the distributions of the observable parameters such as the orbital period, eccentricity, and pulse period of the BH/pulsar binaries. We estimate that there may be ∼3–80 BH/pulsar binaries in the Galactic disc and around 10 per cent of them could be detected by the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical radio Telescope.
Increased Hospital Surgical Volume Reduces Rate of 30- and 90-Day Readmission After Acoustic Neuroma Surgery
Authors: Babadjouni Robin , Wen Timothy , Donoho Daniel A , Buchanan Ian A , Cen Steven Y , Friedman Rick A , Amar Arun , Russin Jonathan J , Giannotta Steven L , Mack William J , Attenello Frank J 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hospital readmissions are commonly linked to elevated health care costs, with significant financial incentive introduced by the Affordable Care Act to reduce readmissions.

OBJECTIVE
To study the association between patient, hospital, and payer factors with national rate of readmission in acoustic neuroma surgery.

METHODS
All adult inpatients undergoing surgery for acoustic neuroma in the newly introduced Nationwide Readmissions Database from 2013 to 2014 were included. We identified readmissions for any cause with a primary diagnosis of neurological, surgical, or systemic complication within 30- and 90-d after undergoing acoustic neuroma surgery. Multivariable models were employed to identify patient, hospital, and administrative factors associated with readmission. Hospital volume was measured as the number of cases per year.

RESULTS
We included patients representing a weighted estimate of 4890 admissions for acoustic neuroma surgery in 2013 and 2014, with 355 30-d (7.7%) and 341 90-d (9.1%) readmissions. After controlling for patient, hospital, and payer factors, procedural volume was significantly associated with 30-d readmission rate (OR [odds ratio] 0.992, p = 0.03), and 90-d readmission rate (OR 0.994, p = 0.047). The most common diagnoses during readmission in both 30- and 90-d cohorts included general central nervous system complications/deficits, hydrocephalus, infection, and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (rhinorrhea/otorrhea).

CONCLUSION
After controlling for patient, hospital, and payer factors, increased procedural volume is associated with decreased 30- and 90-d readmission rate for acoustic neuroma surgery. Future studies seeking to improve outcomes and reduce cost in acoustic neuroma surgery may seek to further evaluate the role of hospital procedural volume and experience.
Microsurgical Resection of a Meningioma at the Entrance of Dorello's Canal Causing VI Cranial Nerve Compression: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Alturki Abdulrahman , Enriquez-Marulanda Alejandro , Gupta Raghav , Thomas Ajith J , Ogilvy Christopher S 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We describe the case of a 73-yr-old female patient with a 2-yr history of diplopia that has progressively become worse. Physical examination revealed a right VI cranial nerve (CN) palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography showed a dolichoectatic basilar artery near the VI CN. A suboccipital craniectomy was performed, initially with the intention to perform a microvascular decompression; however, a red mass was encountered at the entrance of the right Dorello's canal that was compressing the VI CN. Complete resection of the lesion was done and decompression of the nerve was accomplished. In the following video illustration, we narrate this operative case and highlight the nuances of this approach. Patient consent was obtained for the submission of the video to this journal.
Time-resolved spectroscopic observations of an M-dwarf flare star EV Lacertae during a flare
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Notsu Yuta , Namekata Kosuke , Notsu Shota , Maehara Hiroyuki , Ikuta Kai , Nogami Daisaku , Shibata Kazunari 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
We have performed five night spectroscopic observations of the Hα line of EV Lac with a medium wavelength resolution (R ∼ 10000) using the 2 m Nayuta telescope at the Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory. EV Lac always possesses the Hα emission line; however, its intensity was stronger on 2015 August 15 than during the other four night periods. On this night, we observed a rapid rise (∼20 min) and a subsequent slow decrease (∼1.5 hr) of the emission-line intensity of Hα, which was probably caused by a flare. We also found an asymmetrical change in the Hα line on the same night. The enhancement has been observed in the blue wing of the Hα line during each phase of this flare (from the flare start to the flare end), and absorption components were present in its red wing during the early and later phases of the flare. Such blue enhancement (blue asymmetry) of the Hα line is sometimes seen during solar flares, but only during the early phases. Even for solar flares, little is known about the origin of the blue asymmetry. Compared with solar flare models, the presented results can lead to better understanding of the dynamics of stellar flares.
Using essential oils to enhance nursing practice and for self-care
Authors: Allard Melissa E. , Katseres Julie 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:
With the growing popularity of integrative medicine, essential oils have found their way back into healthcare. Essential oils provide a simple way to alleviate certain physical symptoms, promote emotional well-being, and provide comfort. This article discusses the administration and common uses of essential oils; their reported benefits, potential risks, and contraindications; and the current state of associated research.