bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potensi Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck Dalam Remediasi Logam Berat Cd Dan Pb Skala Laboratorium.
Authors: Purnamawat Florensia Setyaningsih , Soeprobowati Tri Retnaningsih , Izzati Munifatul 
Published: January 2019

Salah satu dampak negatif modernisasi dan industrialisasi adalah pencemaran lingkungan. Perairan merupakan salah satu lingkungan yang paling terbebani bahan pencemar karena banyaknya limbah rumah tangga maupun industri yang akhirnya masuk ke lingkungan perairan. Salah satu bahan pencemar perairan yang paling membahayakan adalah logam berat karena bersifat non-biodegradable. Oleh karena itu perlu upaya penanganan maupun pencegahan terhadap bahan pencemar tersebut. Pengolahan limbah secara fisiko-kimiawi dinilai mahal, menurunkan biodiversitas, banyak lumpur yang dihasilkan, dan kurang efektif pada konsentrasi logam di bawah 50 mg/l. Bioremediasi merupakan salah satu metode perbaikan lingkungan yang lebih ramah lingkungan karena menggunakan agen hayati seperti bakteri, jamur, protista, dan tanaman. Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck merupakan mikroalga bersel satu yang banyak tumbuh di perairan tawar dan laut, telah dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai bahan pakan, suplemen, biofuel dan bioremediasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi C. vulgaris sebagai agen bioremediasi terhadap cemaran logam berat Cd dan Pb skala laboratorium. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). C. vulgaris ditumbuhkan dalam media kultur yang telah diberi pupuk Walne selama 76 hari. Media kultur ditambah ion logam Cd dan Pb dengan 3 konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 1 ppm, 3 ppm, dan 5 ppm, masing-masing 3 kali ulangan. Medium kultur tanpa penambahan logam dianggap sebagai kontrol. Kandungan logam berat dalam medium dan dalam sel C. vulgaris diukur dengan AAS. Hal yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah pola pertumbuhan populasi C. vulgaris, persentase penurunan logam Cd dan Pb oleh C. vulgaris, besarnya akumulasi logam dalam C. vulgaris, serta nilai Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut terbukti bahwa C. vulgaris terbukti mampu menurunkan konsentrasi ion Cd dan Pb dalam perairan. Prosentase penurunan konsentrasi ion Pb dalam media kontrol, 1 ppm, 3 ppm, dan 5 ppm berturut-turut 70%, 80%, 62%, dan 52% sedangkan dalam media Cd pada konsentrasi serupa berturut-turut 67%, 79%, 56%, dan 51%. C. vulgaris mampu mengakumulasi Cd lebih besar daripada Pb. Berdasarkan nilai BCF terhadap Cd maupun Pb, C. vulgaris tergolong akumulator logam. Kata kunci : logam berat, bioremediasi, Chlorella vulgaris, bioakumulasi.
Kemampuan Fusan F1 Dalam Memproduksi Inulinase
Authors: Wijanarka Wijanarka , Soetarto Endang Sutariningsih , Dewi Kumala , Indrianto Ari 
Published: January 2019

Fusan F1 was the result of the fusion of the Pichia manshurica and Rhodosporidium paludigenum. The second type of yeast has the ability to produce inulinase. Inulinase (EC. 3.2.1.7) is an enzyme that is classified as a hydrolase enzyme, this enzyme has the ability to break down complex inulin into simpler components that fructose. Fructose was a monosaccharide with huge potential for the manufacture of butanol, iOS, pullan, FOS and ethanol. The purpose of research to determine the ability fusan F1 in producing inulinase and to determine the specific growth rate (μ), as well as the generation time (g) fusan F1.The results showed that fusan F1 at the 18 thhour was able to produce inulinase of 0.61 mol / min. These results are higher than the parental namely P. manshurica (0.56 mol / min) and Rh. paludigenum (0.33 mol / min). While The specific growth rate (μ) and generation time (g) fusan F1 respecly 0.25 h and 2.7/ h. Keywords: Fusan F1; inulinase; the specific growth; generation time
Produksi Bioetanol Dari Rumput Laut dan Limbah Agar Gracilaria sp. dengan Metode Sakarifikasi Yang Berbeda
Authors: Adini Saniha , Kusdiyantini Endang , Budiharjo Anto 
Published: January 2019

The Indonesia needs of Bioethanol were 390.000 kL in 2012, but the local ethanol production only able to cover less than 4% from the needed. The high demand of the bioethanol encourage for another innovation in ethanol production more efficient and effectively. Seaweeds and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. could be useful as substrate for bioethanol production, because of the high amount of polysaccharide, cellulose and galactan type. Unfortunately, this cellulose and galactan had through the saccharification process first, before they can be used as substrates in bioethanol production. This study examined the difference between two saccharification process which are acid hydrolisis using H2SO4 1% and enzymatic process using Aspergillus niger on the use seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. for bioethanol production. Bioethanol production been conducted for 5 days and in each 24 hour, the sampling for cell number variable, reduction sugar amount variable, and medium fermentation pH variable had been retrieved. The ethanol amount calculation in the last incubation phase conducted using distillate fermentation spesific gravity methode. The highest ethanol was obtained 5,50% by treatment using seaweed medium with acid hydrolisis. The anova analysis result showed that interaction between medium variable and hydrolisis didn’t have signifficant influence toward ethanol product. It showed that seaweed and the residual pulp of Gracilaria sp. had same quality and they can be useful as main component of bioethanol production which are hydrolisis by enzymatic or acid hydrolisis. Key Words : Gracilaria sp., the residual pulp, saccharification, reducing sugar, ethanol
Lumut Daun Epifit Di Zona Tropik Kawasan Gunung Ungaran, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Mulyani Eka , Perwati Lilih Khotim , Murningsih Murningsih 
Published: January 2019

The tropical zone of Mount Ungaran is a tropical forest which are rich in diversity of flora. One of them is Bryophytes. Most of the Bryophytes of tropical forest are epiphytes. The largest group of Bryophytes is mosses (Bryophyta). However, research about epiphytic mosses in this area are sparse, so it is only a few information given about epiphytic mosses in this area. The aim of this research was to identify epiphytic mosses in tropical zone of Mount Ungaran altitudes 750, 980, and 1.100 meters above sea level, and also to determine the frequency attendance of species in this study site. This research was conducted in April through November 2012. Specimens was carried out at Laboratory of Ecology and Biosistematics, Department Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia. The results shown there are 35 species mosses. Diversity of epiphytic moses most commonly found at altitude 1.100 meters above sea level, as many as 17 species, while at altitudes 750 and 980 meters above sea level was found 15 species. Family Hypnaceae is the family with highest number of species (6 species) and has highest total amount of frequency attendance by 16,13%. Hypnum plumaeforme and Luisierella barbula were the species which had wide distribution. Both of them were found at all three altitudes. Species with the highest total amount of frequency attendance is Hylocomium splendens from family Hylocomiaceae with total amount by 9,68%. Key words : epiphytic mosses, Mount Ungaran, tropical zone
Seleksi Primer LCO – HCO, Primer bird-f1 – HCO Dan Primer bch – bcl Untuk Amplifikasi Gen COI DNA Mitokondria Itik Magelang (Anas javanica)
Authors: Setiyawan Sonny Abdi , Budiharjo Anto , Kusumaningrum Hermin Pancasakti 
Published: January 2019

Magelang duck is a wild type of local duck from Indonesia. The advantagesof Magelangduckcompare tootherlocalduck from Indonesiaareabilityto livein the highlandsandlowlands and high production of egg and meat. Geneticcharacterization of Magelangduck still not available until now.The aim of the research is selectprimers forampliflying COIgeneof mitochondrialDNAof MagelangduckusingLCO-HCO, bird-f1 -HCO, andbcl-bch primers.The research methodwas DNAisolationfrom Magelangduck. Followed by, selection of primer in silicoto find homologywithin COIsequenceusing ClustalX, Genedoc, and FastPCR programs. Amplification of COIgenewas performedusing PCRwith all primerpairs. Result showed partial homology with all primer in COI sequence. TheamplificationusingtheLCO-HCO primer produced primerdimer.Primerbirdf1-HCOand bch-bcl primers showed no amplification. Key words: Magelang duck, COI gene, mitochondrial DNA, primer
Keanekaragaman Makroarthropoda Tanah di Lahan Persawahan Padi Organik dan Anorganik, Desa Bakalrejo Kecamatan Susukan Kabupaten Semarang
Authors: Witriyanto Roma , Hadi Mochamad , Rahadian Rully 
Published: January 2019

Inorganic paddies system has a negative impact as pests become resistant, environmental pollution and residual hazard. People who are aware of the impact of the application of synthetic chemicals have been applying organic farming. This research aimed to compare the abundance, diversity and dominance of soil macroarthropods in the organic and inorganic paddies field in Village Bakalrejo, Susukan District of Kabupaten Semarang. Sampling of soil macroarthropods method used pit fall traps . Fifteen pit fall traps were set up in the research area and they were divided into three line whith respective line are 5 pit fall traps. Soil macroarthropods which has been found were identified up to family taxon. The results of the research shows abundance of soil macroarthropods organic rice in paddy fields higher (297) than in inorganic paddy fields (236). Diversity of soil macroarthropods in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening and post-harvest) was higher in organic paddy fields (1,479; 1,644; 1,561; 1,019) than inorganic paddy fields (1.391; 0.595; 1.286; 1.002). Based on the relative abundance index, soil macroarthropods family dominated organic paddy fields in every phase of rice growth (vegetative, reproductive, ripening, and post-harvest) was lower (Gryllidae: 39.4%; Carabidae: 46.7%; Formicidae: 44.1 %; Formicidae: 48.8%) than in the inorganic paddy fields (Carabidae: 35.5%; Carabidae: 57.4%; Formicidae: 56.3%; Formicidae: 77.6%). Key words : biodiversity, soil macroarthropods, organic farming.
Perkecambahan Biji Dan Pertumbuhan Kecambah Varietas Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Pada Cekaman Krom Heksavalen
Authors: Kasmiyati Sri , S Santosa , Priyambada Irfan Dwidja , Dewi Kumala , Sandradewi Rintawati 
Published: January 2019

In contrast to other toxic trace metals, Cr has received little attention. Since valence level of chromium determines its toxicity, chromium is categorized as unique heavy metal. Chromium hexavalent (Cr6+) has the biggest toxicity among other valence levels. Seed germination and seedling growth are sensitive to heavy metal stresses. This research aimed to find out the responses of seed germination and seedling growth of 12 sorghum varieties toward Cr6+. Seed germination and seedling growth experiment was done on 12 sorghum varieties (Badik, UPCA-1, Keris, Keris M3, hegari Genjah, Gambela, Selayer, Sangkur, Mandau, Batari, Kawali, dan Numbu), planted in petridishes with Cr6+ treatment in form of chromate (K2CrO4) and dichromate (K2Cr2O7) compounds with 0, 50 and 500 mg of Cr/l concentration for a week. The parameters measured were the number of seeds germinate each day; the length of radicle and plumule, and fresh and dry weight at the end of experiment. The results showed that higher concentration of Cr6+ both in form of dichromate and chromate, significantly decreased the length of radicle and plumule, fresh and dry weight, and SVI (seedling vigor index) value. However, index germination (GI) value and percentage of germination of the 12 varieties sorgum significantly increased in the treatment of 50 mg Cr/l Cr6+ in form of dichromate and chromate. The treatment of dichromate compound showed bigger effect than chromate toward variables of seed germination and seedling growth of sorghum. It was noticed that 12 sorghum varieties possessed an integrated complex of adaptation to cope with the range of form of compound and concentration of Cr6+. Based on the responses of seed germination and seedling growth, Kawali, Hegari, Keris, Keris M3, Mandau, and Selayer varieties was more susceptible toward Cr6+ toxicity, and Sangkur, Selayer, Batari, and Numbu was more tolerant than other varieties. Keywords : chromate, dichromate, Sorghum bicolor, seedling, hexavalent chromium
Indeks Keragaman Serangga Hama Pada Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Di Lahan Persawahan Padi Dataran Tinggi Desa Sukawening, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung
Authors: Sianipar Martua Suhunan , Djaya Luciana , Santosa Entun , Soesilohadi RC Hidayat , Natawigena W Darajat , Bangun Mey Priandi 
Published: January 2019

Kemampuan Indonesia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan beras nasional sangat penting. Akan tetapi, usaha pemenuhan kebutuhan beras ini tidak selamanya berjalan dengan lancar karena terganggunya produktivitas padi. Salah satu penyebab turunnya produktivitas padi di Indonesia karena adanya serangan serangga hama. Beberapa kendala yang menyebabkan gagalnya petani dalam mengendalikan serangga hama karena petani masih belum melakukan identifikasi serangga hama dan gejala serangan dengan baik. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan akhir tahun 2012 ini yang berlokasi di Lahan Persawahan Padi Dataran Tinggi Desa Sukawening, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat bertujuan meng inventarisasi dan mendapatkan nilai keragaman jenis serangga hama pada tanaman padi. Penangkapan serangga hama yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap kuning, perangkap jaring dan perangkap cahaya. Hasil penangkapan serangga diidentifikasi di laboratorium. Indeks keragaman serangga dianalisis dengan menggunakan perhitungan Shannon- Weinner. Serangga hama yang dominan diperoleh pada fase vegetative yaitu Scirpophaga incertulas, Thaia oryzivora, dan Orselia oryzae. Serangga hama minor diperoleh yaitu Dicladispa armigera, Leptispa pygmaea, dan Melanitis ledaismene. Serangga hama yang dominan diperoleh pada fase generative yaitu Leptocorisa acuta, Scirpophaga incertulas, dan Thaiaoryzivora. Serangga hama minor diperoleh yaitu Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, dan Cofana spectra. Indeks keragaman serangga hama yang diperoleh pada ketiga lahan percobaan ada diantara sedang hingga tinggi.Pada fase vegetatif indeks keragaman tertinggi sebesar 4,74 pada pengamatan ke 6 dan terendah pada pengamatan ke 1 sebesar 2,22. Pada fase generatif indeks keragaman tertinggi pada pengamatan ke 9 sebesar 4,86 dan terendah pada pengamatan ke 12 sebesar 1,37. Kata kunci :indeks keragaman, serangga hama, padi, Kabupaten Bandung.
Produksi Dan Ekstraksi Inhibitor Alfa Glukosidase Dari Isolat Aktinomiset Jp-3
Authors: Pujiyanto Sri , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , S Sunarno 
Published: January 2019

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are compounds that can prevent the digestion of complex carbohydrates into glucose, so potentially used as a diabetes drug. This study aims to examine the production and extraction of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor compound from Isolate Aktinomiset JP-3 from the sea. The supernatant obtained from the culture of the JP-3 isolate was extracted using various solvents to obtain the active compound. The solvents used were chloroform, methanol, and ethyl acetate. An assay of inhibitor activity of the α-glucosidase using p-nitrophenyl α-D-glucopyranoside substrate. The activity of the enzyme is measured based on the absorbance of p-nitrophenol produced from the breaking reaction of the substrate. The results showed that extraction of alpha-glucosidase inhibitor compound with ethyl acetate yielded extract with highest inhibitor activity. Keywords: alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, actinomycetes, diabetes, extraction, fractionation
Allelopathic Effect of Cyperus rotundus L. on Seed Germination and Initial Growth of Glycine max L. cv. Grobogan
Authors: Darmanti Sri , Santosa Santosa , Dewi Kumala , Nugroho L Hartanto 
Published: January 2019

Allelopathy is a phenomenon of direct or indirect, beneficial or adverse effects of a plant on its own or another plant through the release of chemicals into the environment. This experiment was carried out to determine the allelopathic effect of Cyperus rotundus L. (purple nutsedge) tuber aqueous extract on seed germination and initial growth of Glycine max L. (soybean) seedlings. The experiment was performed in completely randomized (CRD) design with five replications, using a range of concentrations of aqueous tuber extracts of nutsedge, i.e.: 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. The petri dish experiment showed that with increase of the tuber extract concentration, a significant increase was noted in mean germination time (MGT), significant decreases in germination index (GI), growth tolerance index (GTI), wet weight seedling, dry weight seedling and length of soybean seedling.
Beberapa Aspek Biologi Parasitoid Apantheles sp pada Inangnya, Spodopera litura, Fab. setelah Perlakuan Ekstrak Daun dan Ranting Aglaia odorata (Lour)
Authors: Tarwotjo Udi 
Published: January 2019

The objectives of this study were to evaluate effect of leaf and branch extract of the Aglaia odorata against: emergences of adult Apantheles sp emerged from S. litura larvae, (2) the extract effect to live cycle and reproduction of Apantheles sp (3) and its effect against the morphology character some of parasitoid. The metode was used by of leaf-dip method. The leaf and branch effectivity bioassay used by of Ricinus communis leaf . The leaf disk were dipped in the extract solution on six concentration for 10 s, and air dried. Each leaf disks was placed six bottles glass and ten larvae were placed in each botlle, each concentration was replicated four time. Data collected were subjected an anaysis of variance followed by mean comparation based of Duncan´t New Multiple Range Test. The imago Apantheles sp. emerged from host, S. litura larvae was recorded of live cycle, its reproduction, and morphology character. The result showed that the length of pre adult stage of emerging parasitoids from of S. litura larvae treated with 85,99 ppm was 45 percent, and with 21,95 ppm was 22,22 percent. The extract toxicity to natural enemies such as parasitoids relatively non toxis. The live cycle of female adult parasitoid was 16,90 and 6,20 days. Reproduction capacity of adult female parasitoids of 85,99 mg/L was 69,4 eggs/adult, which was statistically different from control, whereas of 21,95 treatment, it was 65,40 eggs/adult and its was not significant to control. Key words: Aglaia odorata, Lour, Spodoptera litura,, morphology character, Apanteles sp
Dinamika Struktur Makrobentos sebagai Dasar Pengendalian Wideng (Sesarma sp) Perusak Tanggul Tambak Berbasis Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik sebagai Penguat di Kawasan Ekowisata Mangrove Tapak, Tugurejo Semarang
Authors: Hidayat Jafron Wasiq , Muhammad Fuad , Arifin Zaenal 
Published: January 2019

Wideng merupakan biota asosiasi hutan mangrove yang sangat penting perannya dalam degradasi serasah mangrove.Wideng mempunyai perilaku membuat lubang pada pematang yang merugikan petani. Sementara pada sisi yang lain, secara fisik hutan mengrove banyak didapati sampah plastik yang berasal dari hulu. Keberadan sampah sangat mengganggu kehidupan bakau maupun biota asosiasinya, terlebih aktifitas pariwisataPerlu dilakukan pengelolaan untuk mengendalikan wideng di tambak, sekaligus mendorong tercapainya estetika kawasan mangrove yang mendukung Ekowisata. Tujuan umum penelitian adalah memanfaatkan sampah plastik sebagai penguat tanggul tambak yang tahan pelubangan wideng (Sesarma sp) untuk mendukung ekowisata mangrove. Hal ini dilakukan dengan mengkajiadanya dinamika spasial populasi Sesarma spp dan makrobentos asosiasi dan tingkat kesukaan substrat (pematang) yang diberi alas berbagai bahan.Kajian observasi dilakukan secara sampling dengan analisis Struktur Komunitas. Adapun kajian pelubangan menggunakan RAL dengan uji lanjut t-test. Hasil sampling makrobentos di jumpai 16 jenis dengan jenis yang umum ditemukan adalah Cerithidea spp, Neries spp dan Sesarma sp.Sesarma sp cenderung mengikuti keberadaan bahan organik, terutama bahan serasah mangrove. Pada perlakuan penguatan pematang menggunakan bahan sampah memperlihatkan pematang yang disisipi bahan serasah cenderung disukai wideng, diikuti bahan sampah plastik dan bahan plastik lembaran. Secara praktek, petambak sebaiknya memungut sampah untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai penguat dengan menyisipkannya pada lumpur bahan tanggul. Prioritas lokasi yaitu di muara tengah dan depan yang banyak ditemukan wideng dan serasah. Mekanisme pelaksanaan penguatan tanggul dapat difasilitasi oleh kelompok tani. Luaran penelitian disamping tanggul menjadi kuat, tidak menarik bagi wideng, kawasan menjadi bersih, juga tidak perluperlu memotong ranting mangrove untuk digunakan sebagai aran (landasan lumpur). Kata Kunci :Wideng, perusak tanggul, sampah plastik
Perbandingan Komposisi Tumbuhan Lumut Epifit Pada Hutan Alam, Kebun Kopi dan Kebun Teh di Sepanjang Gradien Ketinggian Gunung Ungaran, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Perwati Lilih Khotim , Rahadian Rully , Baskoro Karyadi 
Published: January 2019

Study on the impact of differences in altitude and land use changes was conducted in natural forest, coffee and tea plantations in along altitudinal gradient of Ungaran mountain from 750 to 2040 m a.s.l. The objective of this study were to compare composition of epiphytic bryophytes species in third sites. Epiphytic bryophytes sampling were done in plots 20 x 30 cm were applied on height of tree betwen 0-2 m. A total of 103 species of epiphytics bryophytes were identified, involve 58 species of mosses (Bryophyta Division) and 45 species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta Division). The composition of bryophytes in natural forest is more diverse than in coffee and tea plantations. Lejeunaceae have the highest number of species. There are seven life forms of epiphytic bryophytes in the present study i.e. Turf, Cushion, Mats, Wefts, Dendroid, Pendant and Fans. The most common is Mats and Turf form, while Pendant and Dendroid form only found in natural forest. Key words: Bryophytes, epiphytes, altitude, land use changes, life form
Keanekaragaman dan Kemelimpahan Jenis Tumbuhan Invasif di Hutan Wisata Penggaron Kabupaten Semarang Jawa Tengah
Authors: Utami Sri , Murningsih M 
Published: January 2019

Forests are ecosystems that have very potential natural resources, including storing high genetic resources. One of the things that threatens the decline of genetic resources in the forest is the presence of invasive species. This study aims to determine the species of invasive plants and their abundance in the Penggaron tourism forest of Ungaran Regency, Central Java. The research method was carried out by exploring the entire forest area through the path. The results of the study showed that 13 species of invasive plants were included in 7 families. The most number of invasive plants from the Poaceae family include 5 species : Axonopus Compressus, Cynodon dactylon, Pennisetum purpureum, Paspalum conjugatum and Eleusine indica. The highest relative abundance was Eleusine indica and was followed by Synedrella nodiflora, Elephantopus scaber and Paspalum conjugatum. The species of invasive plants, especially the abundant ones, need to be controlled by the population so as not to threaten native plants and cause environmental degradation in Penggaron tourism forests. Key word : Invansive plant, Penggaron tourism forest, genetic resources.