bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physiotherapist‐Led Triage at a Rheumatology‐Based Musculoskeletal Assessment Clinic: an 18‐Month Service Evaluation of Activity and Outcomes
Authors: Caffrey Aoife , Smart Keith M. , FitzGerald Oliver 
Published: May 2019

ObjectivePhysiotherapist‐led musculoskeletal triage clinics are an effective and efficient means of managing patients presenting with musculoskeletal disorders in primary and secondary care. Data regarding the activity and outcomes of physiotherapist‐led triage in hospital‐based outpatient rheumatology clinics are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to undertake a service evaluation of activity and outcomes of a physiotherapist‐led rheumatology‐based Musculoskeletal Assessment Clinic (MAC). The primary objective was to quantify the proportion of patients independently managed by the clinical specialist physiotherapists (CSPs).MethodsA retrospective service evaluation was undertaken of all patients who attended the RheumatologyMACat St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin (SVUH) between August 2012 and February 2014. The Clinical Audit Department ofSVUHapproved the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsFive hundred and eight patients attended theMAC: 76% were female and the mean age was 55 years and ranged between 18‐91. Seventy‐five percent of patients were independently managed by theCSPwithout needing to see a consultant rheumatologist, whereas 17% were referred to the rheumatology team. Eighty‐seven percent of patients referred to the rheumatology team had rheumatological intervention (eg, injection, medical management, or multidisciplinary rehabilitation). A substantially higher proportion of patients with regional musculoskeletal pain and degenerative conditions were independently managed by theCSPcompared with those who had rheumatological/inflammatory conditions.ConclusionThe majority of patients who attended theMACwere independently managed by the physiotherapists, suggesting that physiotherapist‐led triage may be a useful and efficient means of managing a proportion of patients referred for a specialist rheumatological consultation.
Controlling the Magnetic Properties of LaMnO3/SrTiO3 Heterostructures by Stoichiometry and Electronic Reconstruction: Atomic‐Scale Evidence
Authors: Li Mengsha , Tang Chunhua , Paudel Tula R. , Song Dongsheng , Lü Weiming , Han Kun , Huang Zhen , Zeng Shengwei , Renshaw Wang Xiao , Yang Ping , Ariando  , Chen Jingsheng , Venkatesan Thirumalai , Tsymbal Evgeny Y. , Li Changjian , Pennycook Stephen John 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInterface‐driven magnetic effects and phenomena associated with spin–orbit coupling and intrinsic symmetry breaking are of importance for fundamental physics and device applications. How interfaces affect the interplay between charge, spin, orbital, and lattice degrees of freedom is the key to boosting device performance. In LaMnO3/SrTiO3 (LMO/STO) polar–nonpolar heterostructures, electronic reconstruction leads to an antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition, making them viable for spin filter applications. The interfacial electronic structure plays a critical role in the understanding of the microscopic origins of the observed magnetic phase transition, from antiferromagnetic at 5 unit cells (ucs) of LMO or below to ferromagnetic at 6 ucs or above, yet such a study is missing. Here, an atomic scale understanding of LMO/STO ambipolar ferromagnetism is offered by quantifying the interface charge distribution and performing first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations across this abrupt magnetic transition. It is found that the electronic reconstruction is confined within the first 3 ucs of LMO from the interface, and more importantly, it is robust against oxygen nonstoichiometry. When restoring stoichiometry, an enhanced ferromagnetic insulating state in LMO films with a thickness as thin as 2 nm (5 uc) is achieved, making LMO readily applicable as barriers in spin filters.
Metal–Organic Framework Coating for the Preservation of Silver Nanowire Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform
Authors: Kim Hongki , Jang Hyejeong , Moon Jeong , Byun Jihyun , Jeong Jinyoung , Jung Juyeon , Lim Eun‐Kyung , Kang Taejoon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAg nanostructures are investigated as efficient plasmonic platforms because of their superior optical properties. However, the easy corrosion of Ag surfaces by reaction with oxygen or sulfur in the atmosphere can seriously affect the optical properties of Ag nanostructures, limiting the stable operation of Ag platforms. Herein, it is reported that a metal–organic framework (MOF) enables an Ag nanowire (NW) surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platform to be corrosion resistant. A single Ag NW on a film (Ag‐NOF), an effective SERS‐active platform, is coated with the zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8, and then the corrosion resistance of the Ag‐NOF structures is examined under a variety of harsh environmental conditions. Interestingly, the MOF‐coated Ag‐NOF platforms are found to provide excellent oxidation and sulfidation resistance. With the MOF coating, the SERS signals of the Ag‐NOF structures are well maintained under harsh conditions, while the signals are reduced without MOF coating. More importantly, it is clearly verified that the MOF coating preserves the DNA sensing performance of the Ag‐NOF platform even after storage under several environmental conditions. Based on the results, it is anticipated that these MOF‐coated Ag‐NOF structures will be used as long‐term stable SERS sensors for the detection of biological and chemical molecules.
Etching Techniques in 2D Materials
Authors: He Ting , Wang Zhen , Zhong Fang , Fang Hehai , Wang Peng , Hu Weida 
Published: May 2019

Abstract2D materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, and phosphorene have been widely researched for electronic and optoelectronic applications in recent years. Etching techniques for controlling the layer number and patterning shape of layered materials have been demonstrated to be a crucial part of the fabrication of various functional devices. Six types of etching techniques used in 2D materials are discussed, and the mechanism, purpose, and advantages of each technique are explored. In addition to the mature etching techniques widely used in thin‐film semiconductors processing such as reactive ion etching and reactive gas etching, distinct etching techniques adpoted for 2D materials including self‐limited atomic layer etching, metal‐assisted splitting, laser etching, and thermal annealing are introduced in detail. In particular, the modification of 2D materials resulting from etching‐induced defects, in particular changes to the electrical and optical properties, are discussed. Due to of the reduced dimensions and layered property of 2D materials, etching with atomic‐layer precision, anisotropy, and selectivity can be required to control the layer number and edge or define some nanostructures and special structures. Recent advances are presented for further clarification. The diversity of etching techniques effectively facilitates the development of functional devices based on 2D materials.
A New Class of Low‐Temperature Plasma‐Activated, Inorganic Salt‐Based Particle‐Free Inks for Inkjet Printing Metals
Authors: Sui Yongkun , Dai Yifan , Liu Chung Chiun , Sankaran R. Mohan , Zorman Christian A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInkjet printing is rapidly emerging as a means to fabricate low‐cost electronic devices; however, its widespread adoption is hindered by the complexity of the inks and the relatively high processing temperatures, limiting it to only a few metals and substrates. A new approach for inkjet printing is described, based on commercially available, particle‐free inks formulated from inorganic metal salts and their subsequent low‐temperature conversion to metallic structures by a non‐equilibrium, inert gas plasma. This single, general method is demonstrated for a library of metals including gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), lead (Pb), bismuth (Bi), and tin (Sn). As one figure of merit, the resistivities of the printed metals are measured to be between 2× and 10× of the respective bulk metals. Uniquely, it is found that the printed metal films exhibit a very large surface area because of the plasma‐initiated nucleation and growth process, making this technique attractive for sensing device applications. A Bi‐based trace Pb sensor, an Au‐based amyloid‐β42 sensor, and an Au‐based strain gauge are fabricated as representative chemical, biological, and mechanical sensors, and are found to exhibit enhanced sensitivity compared to analogues made with conventional methods.
A Magnetically Coupled Dielectric Elastomer Pump for Soft Robotics
Authors: Cao Chongjing , Gao Xing , Conn Andrew T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFluidic elastomer actuators have become ubiquitous in soft robotics as they can be used to create inherently compliant systems with embodied intelligence. However, they typically use conventional rigid air‐compression systems that restrict their application in untethered mobile and wearable devices. An embeddable pneumatic diaphragm pump is presented for soft robotics driven by a magnetically coupled dielectric elastomer actuator (MCDEA). The MCDEA pump exploits a compliant coupling between membranes to resonate at high power and efficiency despite the damping effects of the pneumatic chamber and valves. The MCDEA pump demonstrates an attractive dynamic performance with a peak stroke at resonance of over 800% of that at low frequencies, which corresponds to a maximum output pressure of 30.5 mbar and a flowrate of 0.9 L min−1 at a relatively low power consumption of 40 mW. The performance of this pneumatic pump design is demonstrated by integrating it with several soft robotic prototypes, including a soft gripper, ballooning chamber, and a suction cup. It shows considerable promise for driving the next generation of fully compliant and untethered soft robots.
Expansion of the clinical spectrum associated with AARS2‐related disorders
Authors: Srivastava Siddharth , Butala Ankur , Mahida Sonal , Richter John , Mu Weiyi , Poretti Andrea , Vernon Hilary , VanGerpen Jay , Atwal Paldeep S. , Middlebrooks Erik H. , Zee David S. , Naidu SakkuBai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBiallelic pathogenic variants in AARS2, a gene encoding the mitochondrial alanyl‐tRNA synthetase, result in a spectrum of findings ranging from infantile cardiomyopathy to adult‐onset progressive leukoencephalopathy. In this article, we present three unrelated individuals with novel compound heterozygous pathogenic AARS2 variants underlying diverse clinical presentations. Patient 1 is a 51‐year‐old man with adult‐onset progressive cognitive, psychiatric, and motor decline and leukodystrophy. Patient 2 is a 34‐year‐old man with childhood‐onset progressive tremor followed by the development of polyneuropathy, ataxia, and mild cognitive and psychiatric decline without leukodystrophy on imaging. Patient 3 is a 57‐year‐old woman with childhood‐onset tremor and nystagmus which preceded dystonia, chorea, ataxia, depression, and cognitive decline marked by cerebellar atrophy and white matter disease. These cases expand the clinical heterogeneity of AARS2‐related disorders, given that the first and third case represent some of the oldest known survivors of this disease, the second is adult‐onset AARS2‐related neurological decline without leukodystrophy, and the third is biallelic AARS2‐related disorder involving a partial gene deletion.
Bridging Two Worlds: Colloidal versus Epitaxial Quantum Dots
Authors: Bayer Manfred 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn overview is given of two distinct classes of semiconductor quantum dots, epitaxial and colloidal structures that have been studied intensely for more than 30 years by now, however, without large interconnection between the two involved research communities. The largely parallel and independent evolution of the two structure classes may be partly related to the origin of colloidal systems from chemistry, while epitaxial quantum dots have been addressed mostly by the physics community. These independent evolutions are somewhat surprising because the interest in optics‐related applications is shared by both communities. Here, a short summary of the development of the two structure classes, the present status of activities, and some perspectives for future developments are presented.
Design and Use of de novo Cascades for the Biosynthesis of New Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids
Authors: Wang Yu , Tappertzhofen Nadine , Méndez‐Sánchez Daniel , Bawn Maria , Lyu Boyu , Ward John M. , Hailes Helen C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are an important group of secondary metabolites from higher plants and have been reported to show significant biological activities. The production of BIAs through synthetic biology approaches provides a higher‐yielding strategy than traditional synthetic methods or isolation from plant material. However, the reconstruction of BIA pathways in microorganisms by combining heterologous enzymes can also give access to BIAs through cascade reactions. Most importantly, non‐natural BIAs can be generated through such artificial pathways. In the current study, we describe the use of tyrosinases and decarboxylases and combine these with a transaminase enzyme and norcoclaurine synthase for the efficient synthesis of several BIAs, including six non‐natural alkaloids, in cascades from l‐tyrosine and analogues.
Interfacial Activity of Amine‐Functionalized Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS): A Simple Strategy To Structure Liquids
Authors: Hou Honghao , Li Jin , Li Xiangming , Forth Joe , Yin Jie , Jiang Xuesong , Helms Brett A. , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAmine‐functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS), the smallest, monodisperse cage‐shaped silica cubic nanoparticle, is exceptionally interfacially active and can form assemblies that jam the toluene/water interface, locking in non‐equilibrium shapes of one liquid phase in another. The packing density of the amine‐functionalized POSS assembly at the water/toluene interface can be tuned by varying the concentration, the pH value, and the degree of POSS functionalization. Functionalized POSS gives a higher interface coverage, and hence a lower interfacial tension, than nanoparticle surfactants formed by interactions between functionalized nanoparticles and polymeric ligands. Hydrogen‐bonded POSS surfactants are more stable at the interface, offering some unique advantages for generating Pickering emulsions over typical micron‐sized colloidal particles and ligand‐stabilized nanoparticle surfactants.
Enhancement of SCR performance of monolithic Mn–Ce/Al2O3/cordierite catalysts by using modified deposition precipitation method
Authors: Li Xin , Li Quan , Li Wei , Zhang Xiaopei , Zhong Liu , Zhang Cheng , Fang Qingyan , Chen Gang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMn–Ce catalysts have been widely studied for low‐temperature selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3; however, most of them are powdery or granular. Monolithic catalysts which are more suitable for practical industrial applications still need detailed exploration. In this research, a series of monolithic Mn–Ce/Al2O3/cordierite catalysts were prepared by impregnation (IMP), deposition precipitation (DP), and modified deposition precipitation (MDP) methods. The catalyst MDP3 which depositing alumina and MnOx–CeOx simultaneously for three times by MDP method showed the best activity, and it performed much better at low temperature than the catalysts prepared by IMP and DP methods. MDP3 also showed the best resistance to H2O and SO2. It was thought that Mn–Al and Mn–Al–Ce clusters formed in the preparation of MDP3 and enhanced the interaction between the mixed oxides, as indicated by the characterization results. MDP3 prepared by MDP method showed the largest BET surface area, good redox capabilities, and the highest atomic ratios of Ce3+ and Ob. Hence, MDP was proved to be an effective method to enhance the interaction between the washcoat and the active phase, which resulted in preparing a good performance monolithic SCR catalyst.
Theoretical consideration of the properties of intestinal flow models on route‐dependent drug removal: Segregated Flow (SFM) vs. Traditional (TM)
Authors: Noh Keumhan , Pang K. Sandy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe intestine is endowed with a plethora of enzymes and transporters and regulates the flow of substrate to the liver. Physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic models have surfaced to describe intestinal removal. The traditional model (TM) describes the intestinal flow as a whole perfusing the entire tissue that contains the intestinal transporters and enzymes. The segregated flow model (SFM) describes that only a fraction (fQ < 0.2) of the intestinal blood flow perfuses the enterocyte region where the intestinal enzymes and transporters are housed, rendering a lower drug distribution/intestinal clearance when drug enters via the circulation than from the gut lumen. As shown by simulations, a higher intestinal clearance and extraction ratio (EI,iv) exists for the TM than for SFM after iv dosing. By contrast, the EI,po after po dosing is higher for the SFM, due to the smaller volume of distribution for the enterocyte region and a lower flow rate that result in increased mean residence time and higher drug extraction. Under MBI (mechanism‐based inhibition), the AUCR,po after oral bolus is the highest for drug when inhibitor is given orally, with SFM > TM. Competitive inhibition of intestinal enzymes leads to higher liver metabolism; again, when both drug and inhibitor are given orally, changes in the SFM > TM. However, less definitive patterns result with inhibition of both intestinal and liver enzymes. In conclusion, differences exist for EI and drug‐drug interaction (DDI) between the TM and SFM. The fractional intestinal blood flow (fQ) is a key factor affecting different extents of intestinal/liver metabolism of the drug after oral as well as intravenous administration.
Effect of intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing endovascular interventional therapies: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Ren Chunguang , Xu Huiying , Xu Guangjun , Liu Lei , Liu Guoying , Zhang Zongwang , Cao Jun-Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundRapid emergence from general anesthesia during endovascular interventional therapies (EITs) is important. However, the solution that improved quality of both analepsia and postoperative recovery after EITs has not been specifically addressed. We conducted this prospective, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the intraoperative infusion of dexmedetomidine on quality of analepsia and postoperative recovery in patients undergoing EITs.MethodsEighty‐six patients undergoing EITs were divided into three groups: RD1 (dexmedetomidine at an initial dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min adjusted to 0.2 μg kg−1 hr−1 throughout EIT), RD2 (dexmedetomidine at an initial dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min adjusted to 0.4 μg kg−1 hr−1 throughout EIT), and RD3 (dexmedetomidine at an initial dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min adjusted to 0.6 μg kg−1 hr−1 throughout EIT). An analgesia system delivered sufentanil only. The primary outcome measure was the total consumption of nimodipine during the first 48 hr after surgery. The secondary outcome measures were sufentanil consumption, pain intensity, hemodynamics, functional activity score (FAS), neurologic examination, level of sedation (LOS), and Bruggrmann comfort scale (BCS). We also recorded the intraoperative hemodynamic data, requirement of narcotic and vasoactive drugs, prevalence of complications and symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, duration of postanesthesia care unit (PACU) stay, Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) at 3 months, and prevalence of cerebral infarction 30 days after surgery.ResultsDexmedetomidine application in the regimen RD3 reduced the consumption of the total dose of nimodipine and sufentanil 48 hr after surgery, prevalence of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm, consumption of narcotic drugs and nimodipine during surgery, pain intensity during the first 8 hr after surgery, and increased both BCS during the first 4 hr after surgery and hemodynamic stability. However, the LOS was increased at the 0.5 hr after surgery and surgeon satisfaction score was lower. There were no significant differences among the groups for consumption of vasoactive drugs except urapidil, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and FAS during the first 48 hr after surgery, GOS at 3 months, and cerebral infarction after 30 days.ConclusionsDexmedetomidine (an initial dose of 0.5 μg/kg for 10 min adjusted to 0.6 μg kg−1 hr−1 throughout EIT) could reduce the total consumption of nimodipine and opioid during the first 48 hr after surgery, the concerning adverse effects, and improve pain scores. The optimal dosage of dexmedetomidine during EITs merits further investigation.
Application of ammonium bicarbonate buffer as a smart microenvironmental pH regulator of immobilized cephalosporin C acylase catalysis in different reactors
Authors: Chang Yanhong , Tong Shuangming , Luo Hui , Liu Zijia , Qin Bo , Zhu Linlin , Sun Hongxu , Yu Huimin , Shen Zhongyao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn a stirred tank reactor, during catalysis with immobilized cephalosporin C acylase (CCA), the microenvironmental pH dropped to 7.2 in a nonbuffered system (with the pH maintained at 8.5 by adding alkali) due to the existence of diffusional resistance. Moreover, the immobilized CCA only catalyzed five batch reactions, suggesting that the sharp pH gradient impaired the enzyme stability. To buffer the protons produced in the hydrolysis of cephalosporin C by CCA, phosphate and bicarbonate buffers were introduced. When CCA was catalyzed with 0.1 M ammonium bicarbonate buffer, no obvious gradient between the bulk solution and intraparticle pH was detected, and the catalysis of 15 batch reactions was achieved. Accordingly, with 0.2 M ammonium bicarbonate buffer in a packed bed reactor, the immobilized CCA exhibited continuous catalysis with high conversion rates (≥95%) for 21 days. Reactions with ammonium bicarbonate buffer showed significant increases in the stability and catalytic efficiency of the immobilized CCA in different reactors compared to those in nonbuffered systems.