bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hundred heart failure deaths: lessons learnt from the Dr Foster heart failure hospital mortality alert
Authors: Tran Patrick , McDonald Michelle , Kunaselan Lleika , Umar Fraz , Banerjee Prithwish 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundDespite advances in evidence-based pharmacotherapy, the latest National Heart Failure Audit (NHFA) has shown that in-hospital mortality of heart failure (HF) remains high with large interhospital variations. University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, a tertiary cardiac centre, received a mortality alert of excess HF deaths based on a high Dr Foster hospital standardised mortality ratio (HSMR). This conflicted with our local NHFA data which showed lower than national average mortality rates.ObjectiveTo review various systemic and individual processes of care in patients admitted with HF and examine the validity of HSMR in HF.Design, setting, patientsA retrospective case note analysis was performed on a random sample of 100 HF deaths identified by Dr Foster from 2010 to 2016.MeasuresCase record reviews were performed on the following aspects of care: admission to appropriate wards, resuscitation status, palliative care input and National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death classification. Primary diagnosis coding, diagnostic accuracy and actual causes of death were examined to assess limitations of HSMR.ResultsDespite evidence of lower mortality on cardiology wards, only 28% of patients with acute HF were admitted to a cardiology-ward. Sixty four per cent were considered palliative but only 4.6% were referred to palliative care. The Do Not Attempt Resuscitation order was appropriate in 91% patients but only 74% had this in place. The primary diagnosis of HF was incorrectly coded in 34% while three cases were misdiagnosed.ConclusionHF may be coded as a cause of death in some cases where the cause is uncertain and misdiagnosed. Although HSMR has many limitations, it is a smoke alarm that should not be ignored.
Neural networks for automatic scoring of arthritis disease activity on ultrasound images
Authors: Andersen Jakob Kristian Holm , Pedersen Jannik Skyttegaard , Laursen Martin Sundahl , Holtz Kathrine , Grauslund Jakob , Savarimuthu Thiusius Rajeeth , Just Søren Andreas 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe development of standardised methods for ultrasound (US) scanning and evaluation of synovitis activity by the OMERACT-EULAR Synovitis Scoring (OESS) system is a major step forward in the use of US in the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with inflammatory arthritis. The variation in interpretation of disease activity on US images can affect diagnosis, treatment and outcomes in clinical trials. We, therefore, set out to investigate if we could utilise neural network architecture for the interpretation of disease activity on Doppler US images, using the OESS scoring system.MethodsTwo state-of-the-art neural networks were used to extract information from 1342 Doppler US images from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). One neural network divided images as either healthy (Doppler OESS score 0 or 1) or diseased (Doppler OESS score 2 or 3). The other to score images across all four of the OESS systems Doppler US scores (0–3). The neural networks were hereafter tested on a new set of RA Doppler US images (n=176). Agreement between rheumatologist’s scores and network scores was measured with the kappa statistic.ResultsFor the neural network assessing healthy/diseased score, the highest accuracies compared with an expert rheumatologist were 86.4% and 86.9% with a sensitivity of 0.864 and 0.875 and specificity of 0.864 and 0.864, respectively. The other neural network developed to four class Doppler OESS scoring achieved an average per class accuracy of 75.0% and a quadratically weighted kappa score of 0.84.ConclusionThis study is the first to show that neural network technology can be used in the scoring of disease activity on Doppler US images according to the OESS system.
Strength of association between the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test and balance, knee extensor strength and lower limb power in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Tiwari Devashish , Talley Susan Ann , Alsalaheen Bara , Goldberg Allon 
Published: March 2019

Background/Aims Although strength, power and balance are associated with the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test in older adults, the relative contribution of each to sit-to-stand performance is unclear. This study compared the strength of association between the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test and measures of balance, knee extensor strength, and lower limb power in older adults. Methods A total of 41 community-dwelling older adults completed the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test and tests of balance, knee extensor strength, and lower limb power. Results The strongest association observed was between the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test and dynamic balance (rs= −0.61, P<0.001), with a moderate association observed between the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test and power (rs= −0.52, P=0.001). Conclusions Dynamic balance and lower limb power are determinants of, and play roles in the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test performance in community-dwelling older adults. Dynamic balance was the strongest determinant of Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test performance, suggesting that the Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand Test should not be viewed solely as a proxy measure of knee extensor strength in community-dwelling older adults.
Original kinesio tape application for temporary diastasis recti reduction: a single case study
Authors: Ammendolia Antonio , d’Esposito Oriana , Inzitari Maria Teresa , Manti Francesco , Caridi Adele De , Iocco Maurizio 
Published: March 2019

Background/Aims The person in this case study was a man with prostatic cancer and diastasis rectus abdominis. Perineal rehabilitation was needed to prevent urinary incontinence, before and after a radical prostatectomy. This study reports on an original application of kinesio tape to reduce the diastasis rectus abdominis so that he could carry out the rehabilitation programme. Methods Three green-coloured Y-type tapes (width 5 cm and length 15 cm) were positioned to form an X, orthogonally at the linea alba, separating the tape half in width and two-thirds of a grid in length into 2 ends, under 75% pulling force (above and below the navel), and two green-coloured I-type tapes (width 5 cm and length 30 cm) positioned in parallel at the rectus abdominis, from the external face of the 5th, 6th and 7th costal cartilage and by the xiphoid process to the upper part of the pubis tubercle and pubic symphysis under 50% pulling force. Kinesio tapes were applied daily before every session of the perineum rehabilitation. Findings A significant reduction of the diastasis was observed by ultrasound, after the kinesio tape was applied. Conclusions This case demonstrates that it was possible to perform a pre- and post-operative perineal rehabilitation programme after the application of kinesio tape, which efficiently reduced the diastasis rectus while performing exercises, with the aim to prevent urinary incontinence.
Cross-cultural psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers questionnaire
Authors: Riyahi Azade , Rassafiani Mehdi , Abdolrazaghi Hosseinali , Rafiei Fatemeh , Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl 
Published: March 2019

Background The Measure of Processes of Care is the most widely used tool for measuring family-centredness and perceptions of the care process. This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Persian language version of the Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers questionnaire. Methods In a cross-sectional study, the Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers questionnaire was translated three times based on a backward–forward method. The Persian version of the Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers was used with 150 health providers in Iran. The Pearson correlation coefficient, Cronbach alpha and interclass correlation coefficient were used for reliability analysis. Content validity index and content validity ratio and confirmatory factor analysis was used for validity assessments. Results The test-retest correlation was higher than 0.95 and the interclass correlation coefficient was higher than 0.8 in all domains. The consistency coefficient was calculated as r=0.989 and the Cronbach alpha calculated as 0.994, which varied from 0.978 to 0.994. The content validity index average was 0.97, which varied from 0.90 to 0.99. Moreover, the content validity ratio average calculated 0.726 and ranged from 0.60 to 0.95. The goodness of fit index was acceptable as CMIN =χ2: 411.52, df; 280, P<0.001, CMIN/df; 1.47, root mean square error of approximation: 0.056; P value: 0.19, goodness of fit index and Tucker–Lewis index was 0.951 and 0.938 respectively. Conclusion The Persian translation of the Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers questionnaire is a standard tool for assessing family-centred care with acceptable reliable and valid. It could be used in all health, clinical and rehabilitation centres to assess family-centred care in health care providers and can be an incentive to improve the quality of family-related services.
Optimal Disability Insurance with Informal Child Care
Authors: Ho Christine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The possibility of engaging in household child care may exacerbate the incentives of parents and grandparents to falsely claim disability benefits as households also get to save on formal child care costs. This paper considers a multi-generational family model with persistence in privately observed shocks and presents an efficient implementation case for subsidizing formal child care costs of the disabled. An implementation of the optimal scheme that consists of capped formal day care subsidies, non-linear income taxation and asset-testing is proposed. Simulations based on a parametrization that targets key features of the US labor and child care markets suggest that day care subsidies may lead to sizeable cost savings.
The meanings of sharing: On Facebook sharing strategies among Polish migrants in Germany and the UK
Authors: Filipek Kamil 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Sharing on social media has become a daily routine for millions of users worldwide. Sharing transforms the experience of international migration as it enables migrants to maintain social relations and adapt to a new socioeconomic environment. But what does the term “sharing” mean for migrants active on Facebook? What are the contemporary meanings of sharing encouraged by Facebook’s affordances? This paper explores individual sharing strategies on Facebook among Polish migrants in Germany and the UK. On the basis of the material collected through in-depth interviews (N=17) with Poles who have settled in Germany and the UK, it is proposed that the contemporary meaning of sharing has five dimensions: commercial, altruistic, social, connective and addictive. Different compositions of these dimensions can be found in most sharing practices on social media. Following a critique of commercial sharing on social media, it is further established that selling and other profit-driven activities are rather well recognized by the interviewees. However, some of them engage in commercial sharing with no direct selling intention. The article emphasizes that sharing practices help Polish migrants adapt to their bicultural reality in Germany and the UK
Fractional Order PID Controller Design for Supply Manifold Pressure Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Authors: Divi Srinivasarao , Das Shantanu , Uday Bhaskar Babu G. , Sonawane S.H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this work, fractional order PIλDµ(FOPID) controller designed to enhance the dynamic performance of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The control objective is to regulate the supply manifold pressure on cathode side to maintain oxygen excess ratio of the PEM fuel cell. The higher order PEM fuel cell model is approximated to First order plus time delay (FOPTD) model for controller design and analysis. The proposed FOPID controller is designed based on minimization of Integral Absolute Error (IAE) with pre specified maximum sensitivity (Ms) as a constraint. Uncertainty and measurement noise analysis is carried out to verify the robustness of the designed controller. The simulation results of proposed FOPID controller is compared with other designing methods. Based on minimization of IAE value, the SP 1.4 FOPID controller produces IAE value of 0.255 where as AMIGO 1.4 tuning method and ZN based FOPID tuning methods produces 0.263 and 3.817 respectively for perfect case. Based on maximum sensitivity Msis 1.4, the SP 1.4 FOPID controller produces Msof 1.4 where as AMIGO 1.4 PID and ZN based FOPID tuning methods produces Ms of 1.5 and 1.25 respectively for perfect case, which indicates that the proposed SP 1.4 FOPID controller is robust. The proposed SP 1.4 FOPID provides better values (rise time of 0.331 sec, settling time of 0.692 sec and percentage of peak overshoot of 0.797 for perfect case) when compared with other methods. From simulation results, for the control of supply manifold pressure of PEM fuel cell, the proposed fractional-order PID controllers improves the closed loop performance in terms of rise time, settling time and percentage of peak overshoot when compared to the integer-order PID controllers.
Frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) under hygrothermal conditions. Part 1: moisture adsorption
Authors: Zhan Tianyi , Jiang Jiali , Lu Jianxiong , Zhang Yaoli , Chang Jianmin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
To elucidate the frequency-dependent viscoelasticity of wood under a moisture non-equilibrium state, changes in stiffness and damping as a function of frequency were investigated during the moisture adsorption process. The moisture adsorption processes were carried out at six temperatures (30–80°C) and three relative humidity levels (30, 60 and 90% RH). During the moisture adsorption process, the wood stiffness decreased, and damping increased with the increment of moisture content (MC). Regardless of the moisture adsorption time, the wood stiffness increased, and damping decreased with the increasing testing frequency. Based on the re-organized Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) model, the time-moisture superposition (TMS) relation was assumed to be applicable for developing a master curve of wood stiffness during the moisture adsorption process. The frequency ranges of the stiffness master curves spanned from 16 to 23 orders of magnitude at temperatures ranging from 30 to 80°C. However, the TMS relation was not able to predict the wood damping properties during the moisture adsorption process due to the multi-relaxation system of the wood and the non-proportional relationship between free volume and MC at transient moisture conditions.
Optimal Switching Angle Scheme for a Cascaded H Bridge Inverter using Pigeon Inspired Optimization
Authors: Mahesh Aeidapu , Singh Sandhu Kanwarjit 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an approach using Pigeon Inspired Optimization (PIO) for selective harmonic elimination in a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter fed with unequal dc sources. The aim of this work is to find the optimal combination of switching angles, such that the lower order harmonics are eliminated and the output voltage is constant irrespective of voltage change in the input side. This paper the PIO has been used to find the optimal angles for a 7-level inverter and the method can be scaled to any number of levels. To show the effectiveness of PIO the results have been compared with other evolutionary algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO). An adaptive switching angle strategy has also been developed using ANN to make the proposed strategy suitable to the real-time applications. In order to verify the results, an experimental prototype of 7 level CHB has been developed in the laboratory using dSPACE ds1104 R&D controller board. The results show that the PIO is the most accurate and fastest evolutionary algorithm for switching angle optimization and the experimental results are in close agreement with the simulation results.
A Novel System and Experimental Verification for Locating Partial Discharge in Gas Insulated Switchgears
Authors: Dai Kejie , Liao Yuan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Partial discharge location in gas insulated switchgears is important for timely identifying incipient problem and taking remedial actions to prevent later catastrophic breakdowns. This paper presents a new system including sensing terminals and hand-held intelligent terminals to locate partial discharge. Sensing terminals, housing the sensors, are attached to outside enclosure walls of the switchgear to collect acoustic signals, which are transmitted wirelessly to the hand-held terminals. The acoustic vibration caused by the discharge will propagate from the source, resulting in the highest intensity at the sensor closest to the discharge. By examining the signal signatures of the distributed sensors, the location of the partial discharge can be derived. The system is applied in both staged simulation environment and actual factory high voltage tests. The results have demonstrated that the system developed is highly effective in locating partial discharge in gas insulated switchgears and is suitable for practical applications.
Enhanced Performances of W/S SAC-OCDMA System Using LDPC Code
Authors: Bouarfa A. , Kandouci M. , Bojanic S. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In an incoherent optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) system using amplitude spectral coding (SAC), which exceeds 1.5 Gbps, it is difficult or impossible to make a transmission with a bit error rate better than 10–9. For this, it is necessary to associate an error correction code (ECC) to the SAC-OCDMA system. In this paper, we proposed an architecture of a two-dimensional SAC-OCDMA system (spectral (w) and spatial (s)) using multi-diagonal code (MD) as spreading code and low-density parity check code (LDPC) as ECC. According to the properties of the MD code and the proposed architecture, the phase induced intensity noise is eliminated, which has improved the performance of the system. The theoretically results shows that LDPC/2D-SAC-OCDMA allowing more than 40 users to be multiplexed compared to a non-coded 2D SAC-OCDMA system. This combination allowed us to increase the cardinality of the LDPC/SAC-OCDMA (W/S) system without using an optical hard limiter.
When does Innovation Become Custom? A Case Study of the Montado, Southern Portugal
Authors: Guimarães Helena , Esgalhado Catarina , Ferraz-de-Oliveira Isabel , Pinto-Correia Teresa 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In theory, if a new idea offers a good solution for a current problem and is properly widespread, then there is an ongoing brokering process, and, at a certain moment in time, an innovation is no longer considered as such. In the present study, we examine the case of the Montado, an agro-silvo-pastoral system in southern Portugal, to reflect on when and how innovations become custom. Integrating data from 2013 and 2017, we identified innovative initiatives that, if expanded, could reverse the current decline of the Montado system. We categorized the identified innovations as 1) social and institutional, 2) regulations and policies, 3) products and markets, and 4) farming techniques and management practices. Innovation is deemed necessary for the preservation of the Montado, yet initiatives that have existed for over 20 years are still considered innovative and an exception to the rule. At least since 2013, innovationbrokering processes have been attempted, leading us to question why these innovations are not becoming custom. By examining categories of innovations, we suggest that for innovations to become custom, changes in social and institutional arrangements need to be reinforced by regulations and policies that support changes in products and markets as well as by the adoption of new farming techniques and management practices. We conclude by suggesting a research agenda that starts aligning the evolution of the Montado system with the desired future as soon as possible.
Stimulation Effects of Foliar Applied Glycine and Glutamine Amino Acids on Lettuce Growth
Authors: Noroozlo Yaghoub Aghaye , Souri Mohammad Kazem , Delshad Mojtaba 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Amino acids have various roles in plant metabolism, and exogenous application of amino acids may have benefits and stimulation effects on plant growth and quality. In this study, the growth and nutrient uptake of Romain lettuce (Lactuca sativa subvar Sahara) were evaluated under spray of glycine or glutamine at different concentrations of 0 (as control), 250, 500 and 1000 mg.L-1, as well as a treatment of 250 mg.L-1 glycine+250 mg.L-1 glutamine. The results showed that there was significant increase in leaf total chlorophyll content under Gly250+Glu250, Gly250 and Glu1000 mg.L-1treatments, and in leaf carotenoids content under 250 mg.L-1 glutamine spray compared with the control plants. Shoot fresh and dry weights were highest under 500 mg.L-1 glycine, whereas root fresh weight was highest under 250 mg.L-1 glycine spray. Foliar application of glycine and glutamine had no significant increase in leaf mineral concentrations except for iron, in which 1000 mg.L-1Gly spray resulted in significantly higher leaf Fe concentration compared with the control plants. Leaf vitamin C was increased at 250 and particularly 500 mg.L-1 spray of glycine and glutamine compared with the control. Nevertheless, different amino acid treatments had no significant effect on plant height, leaf SPAD value, root dry weight, and leaf concentrations of N, K, Ca, Mg and Zn. The results indicate that foliar application of glycine and glutamine amino acids can have beneficial effects on lettuce growth, as higher fresh yield, leaf chlorophyll content and vitamin C were obtained by low to moderate concentrations of glycine and/or glutamine amino acids.
Homogeneous visible light mediated transition metal catalysis other than Ruthenium and Iridium
Authors: Traub Lukas , Reiser Oliver 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The field of photoredox chemistry is dominated by ruthenium- or iridium based metal complexes or organic dyes that are employed as catalysts. Other metal based coordination compounds provide a cost efficient alternative, however, the much shorter excited lifetimes generally observed for such complexes make their application more challenging. Nevertheless, a growing number of successful examples with metal complexes based on chromium, iron, nickel, zirconium, cerium, rhenium, platinum, uranium, and especially on copper exist, which is being reviewed in this chapter.