bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A digital manufactured microfluidic platform for flexible construction of 3D co-culture tumor model with spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Han Chao , Zhang Renchao , He Xiwen , Fang Yuan , Cen Gang , Wu Weidong , Huang Chen , Chen Xiang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The specific spatiotemporal distribution of diverse components in tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the cancer progression. In vitro three-dimensional (3D) tumor models with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based microfluidic platform have been applied as useful tool to conduct studies from cancer biology to drug screening. However, PDMS has not been welcomed as a standardized commercial application for preclinical screening due to inherent limitations in scale-up production and molecule absorption. Here, we present a novel microfluidic platform to flexibly construct 3D co-culture models with spatiotemporal resolution by using multiple digital manufacturing technologies. The platform, which consist of reduplicative microfluidic chips, is made of biocompatible poly methyl methacrylate by fast laser cutting. Each replica includes a simple microfluidic chamber without internal structures which can be flexibly post-fabricated according to various research requirements. Digital light processing based 3D bioprinting was used to pattern fine hydrogel structures for post-fabrication on-chip. By multi-step bioprinting and automatic image alignment, we show that this approach provides sufficient design flexibility to construct 3D co-culture tumor model with spatiotemporal resolution to replicate microarchitecture of tumor microtissue in situ. And the tumor model has the potential to mimic tumor biology behaviors which can be used for mechanism study and drug test. Our microengineered tumor model may serve as an enabling tool to recapitulate pathophysiological complexity of tumor, and to systematically examine the contribution of the tumor microenvironment to the cancer progression. The proposed strategy can also be applied to help engineer diverse meaningful in vitro models for extensive biomedical applications, from physiology and disease study to therapy evaluation.
Power output optimization in complex laser systems by means of polarization control
Authors: Jochcová Dominika , Slezák Ondřej , Richter Ivan , Smrž Martin , Mocek Tomáš 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Recently, a polarimetric method for thermally-induced polarization change-driven power loss (TIPCL) mitigation in complex laser systems has been developed. However, the final optimization relies on a four-parameter numerical process. This article provides a fully analytical direct calculation alternative to this optimization process. The validity of this approach is demonstrated in previously published data from the pulsed laser system Bivoj/DiPOLE100. The new approach provides a deeper insight into the polarimetric method for TIPCL suppression and also brings a more precise, reliable, and faster alternative to the numerical process used earlier.
Analysis on hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of TA10 alloy smelted with the electron beam furnace
Authors: Huang Haiguang , Ma Guodong , Jiang Fan , Li Yongkun , Zhou Rongfeng , Li Lu , Yuan Zhentao , Wang Xiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article uses EB furnace to prepare TA10 alloy ingots with higher purity. Studying their hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution can provide theoretical support for practical processes.The hot deformation behavior of TA10 alloy smelted via an electron beam furnace has been studied using thermal deformation experiments, the experiments were conducted from 800 °C to 1,050 °C, from 0.01 s−1 to 1 s−1 and a reduction to 60%. According to Arrhenius and Zener-Hollomon models, the constitutive equation can be constructed. TEM and EBSD aimed at exploring the microstructures and microstructural evolution, respectively. When deformed at the temperatures below the phase transition point, grain boundaries converted to large-angle gradually. The textural strength reduced when the strain rate increased. Besides, the recrystallization rate was relatively small, mainly dynamic recovery, and there was a tendency to turn into dynamic recrystallization. At the temperature higher than the phase transition point, the textural strength increased, the recrystallization rate was small, and the dynamic recovery was partially enhanced.
Analyzing the performance impact on metallic foams: a comprehensive overview
Authors: KUMAR ASHWINI , Kumar Ajay , Čep Robert , Maitra Sumit Kumar , Salau Ayodeji Olalekan , Żurek-Mortka Marta , Sharma Kanishk , Logesh K 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
A cellular structure characterized by an artistic material or robust metal containing a significant portion of volume filled with gas-filled pores is commonly referred to as metallic foams. These gas-filled pores can be of a sealed type (closed-cell foams) or an interconnected structure (open-cell foams), exhibiting exceptionally high permeability with typically 70-95% of content comprising empty spaces. Given its widespread application in the realm of thermal management for aircraft and energy utilization systems to enhance the thermal performance of heat sinks and heat exchangers, it has emerged as a promising and intriguing research area within the fields of aviation and thermo physics. Understanding the fluid dynamics and heat transfer characteristics of metal foams serve as the fundamental basis for the optimal design of heat transfer devices employing these materials. The primary objective of this article is to focus on reviewing recent studies and the thermal performance of metal foams by summarizing the majority of theoretical and experimental inquiries into heat transfer enhancement and flow characteristics. By elucidating the fundamentals of heat transfer, thermal conductivity behaviour, and the thermal performance of Aluminium, Copper, Nickel, Magnesium, and Composite foams, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject matter.
Prediction of signal attenuation due to air pollutants using bayes-DCNN
Authors: Subbiyan Prakash , Krishnamurthy Sangeetha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In modern wireless communication, radio waves are crucial for signal transmission between mobile devices, but they are subject to attenuation when interacting with air pollutants such as PM10 particles. This research proposes a novel Bayes-Deep Convolutional Neural Network (Bayes-DCNN) to predict signal attenuation caused by air pollution. The model incorporates Bayes by Backprop to manage uncertainty and improve training accuracy. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed Bayes-DCNN outperforms existing methods, achieving an accuracy of 95.52%, compared to 92.15% for CNN, 91.11% for SVM, and 89.47% for LSTM. The model also exhibited superior precision (94.38%), recall (93.50%), and F1-score (94.36%) when evaluated against other deep learning and non-deep learning approaches. Additionally, Bayes-DCNN reduced root mean squared error (RMSE) to 0.143, outperforming CNN (RMSE of 0.146), SVM (RMSE of 0.155), and LSTM (RMSE of 0.167). These improvements demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model in predicting signal attenuation under various air pollution conditions.
Machine-learned interatomic potentials for accurate analysis of the mechanical properties of boron nitride sheets
Authors: Choyal Vijay , Patil Mahesh , Luhadiya Nitin , Kundalwal S I 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We introduced a novel machine-learned interatomic potential (MLIP) by thoroughly discussing the step–by–step MLIP creation process using precise but limited data. This study explored the mechanical properties of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheets and addressed the challenges of accurately predicting their structural properties. We explored the use of ab initio molecular dynamics and classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulation techniques, emphasizing the necessity for a more effective and efficient solution. We also discussed the machine learning procedure to construct an effective interatomic potential. Furthermore, we address techniques for evaluating the performance and robustness of MLIPs on unseen datasets. Using the newly formed MLIP in a CMD simulation, we investigated the mechanical attributes of hBN nanosheets, exploring the fluctuations in sheet strength across a range of dimensions, temperatures, and varying numbers of layers. We obtained an average Young’s modulus in the range of 980–1000 GPa at 1 K, whereas the average failure stress and strain were approximately 106 GPa and 0.16, respectively. Our results demonstrate significant improvements in the accuracy of hBN nanosheets compared to prior studies, highlighting the effectiveness of MLIP in achieving higher precision with minimal computational cost. This study offers comprehensive analysis and theoretical exploration, delivering valuable insights into MLIP and the mechanical properties of hBN nanosheets, and paves the way for future applications in materials science and engineering.
Biomimetic inner helicoidal microfluidics with enhanced capillary rise for step liquid lifting mimicking transpiration
Authors: Wang Zhaolong , Li Yinfeng , Zhan Ziheng , Xie Mingzhu , Li Yingying , Zhang Chengqi , Dong Zhichao , Shuai Yong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Bionic microfluidics is garnering increasing attention due to the superior fluidic performance enabled by biomimetic microstructures. Inspired by the unique structures of young pumpkin stems, we fabricate helicoidally patterned microchannels with precisely controlled morphologies using the projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL)-based 3D printing technique. Our helicoidally patterned microchannels achieve approximately twice the liquid lifting height compared to similarly sized smooth microchannels. This improvement is attributed to the enhanced capillary force. The additional meniscus formed between the helicoidally patterned microstructures significantly contributes to the increased capillary effects. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of fluidic performance in helicoidally patterned microchannels are theorized using a newly developed equation, which is also employed to optimize the geometric parameters and fluidic performance of the biomimetic helicoidal microchannels. Additionally, our biomimetic helicoidally patterned microchannels facilitate a significant step-lifting phenomenon, mimicking tall trees’ transpiration. The fluidic performance of our biomimetic helicoidally patterned microchannels show promise for applications in enhanced liquid lifting, step-lifting, clean-water production, and others.
Toward Deeper Dialogue: Constitutional and International Law
Authors: Saunders Cheryl 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter in honor of Mark Tushnet calls for deeper dialogue between the subdisciplines of constitutional and international law, characterized by mutual understanding and respect. It argues that, for reasons that are attributable to what might loosely be described as their respective world views, the two subdisciplines tend to operate in silos disregarding, sometimes to the point of disparaging, each other. The silo effect has persisted notwithstanding the pace of globalization over the decades spanning the turn of the century. For reasons that this chapter seeks to explain, it is no longer sustainable in practice, with implications for theory. The point is demonstrated through a brief case study of the relationship between constitutional and international law in the context of peace and constitution-building when the resolution of intrastate conflict seems to demand constitutional change. In conclusion, the chapter points to contemporary shared challenges, including the rise of authoritarianism and the impacts of climate change, as factors making dialogue both more urgent and mutually beneficial. It notes that the (re-)emergence of a multipolar world is likely to further complicate the relationship and resolution of it.
The Political Paradox of African Constitutionalism Revisited: Kenya’s BBI Case
Authors: O’Regan Catherine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In the early 1990s the Kenyan scholar Okoth-Ogendo wrote a seminal article arguing that Africa had “constitutions without constitutionalism.” This African political paradox, he asserted, was premised on the basis that on the one hand, African leaders embraced constitutions because they established the legitimacy and sovereignty of African states, something denied during the period of European colonialism in Africa. On the other, African leaders, he said, were unwilling to accept that constitutions limit and control state power. He identified various techniques by which African leaders sought to manage this paradox, one of which was to turn constitutions into sites of political contestation resulting in extensive constitutional amendment. Since the early 1990s, countries across southern and eastern Africa, including Kenya, have adopted new constitutions. In 2020 Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta sought to introduce an array of significant amendments to Kenya’s 2010 Constitution, apparently in an attempt to resolve longstanding political conflict, in an initiative he labeled the Building Bridges Initiative (BBI). In a case of high constitutional significance, the BBI case, these constitutional amendments were successfully challenged in all three tiers of Kenya’s superior courts: the High Court, Court of Appeal, and Supreme Court. This chapter examines the BBI case to consider whether it can be said that the political paradox of African constitutionalism still endures, or whether the robust decision of the Kenyan Supreme Court holding that the Kenyan Constitutional Amendment 2020 was unconstitutional signals its demise.
Common Law and the Liberation of Self-Interest from Regulation
Authors: Donald David C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how early 21st-century comparative law came to value common law over civil law while scholars and policymakers espoused market forces as the best organizing principle for human affairs. Common law and market forces have similar structural dynamics when used to order society. Both common law and market forces supply their product only in response to customer demand, neither clutters the landscape with unwanted products, and both assume the presence of an unseen ordering principle that ultimately defines justice in the one case and fair price in the other. During the early 21st century, conceptually devised frameworks of regulation and civil law were seen to merely obstruct the marvelous ordering action of rational self-interest. While scholars came to doubt the ability of duty-bound officials to account for all available information in their decisions, these same scholars championed the ability of profit-driven traders efficiently to process all available information when making a bid. Reasoned action through government became an obstruction to the natural force of self-interested action, so that many of the protections erected since the early 20th century against the dangers of unchecked economic power were seen as unnecessary, and discarded. Results include a sharp increase in economic inequality and a general breakdown of civic collaboration.
The Possibilities of Constitutional Tourism
Authors: Greene Jamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Comparative constitutional law as a project poses risks of being merely a form of constitutional “tourism,” with all the risks so well detailed by Günter Frankenberg. But Tushnet in his work has made himself less vulnerable to these risks, in at least three ways. First, the sheer volume of his travel, as well as his indiscriminate choice of destinations, allows him to compare A to B and B to C and D to B, E, and G, rather than simply bringing all conversations back to A. Second, Tushnet’s comprehensive skepticism about the constraining power of any institutions leads him to deeply question both his own country’s arrangements and those of others. Third, and relatedly, Tushnet advances his ideas as hypotheses—always tentative, and subject to testing, qualification, and revision. This chapter reflects on these virtues as it considers Tushnet’s legacy.
Beethoven’s Religious Works before theMissa solemnis
Authors: Chong Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter situates within the context of the German Catholic Enlightenment the three major works of religious music that Beethoven composed during the first decade of the nineteenth century: the Gellert Lieder, Christus am Ölberge, and the Mass in C. The Catholic Enlightenment’s interest in ecumenical outreach to Protestants is reflected in Beethoven’s choice of poet for the Gellert Lieder and his desire to publish his mass with a German text. Two other concerns of the Catholic Enlightenment feature prominently in the Gellert Lieder and Christus: an emphasis on God’s presence in nature and the importance of ethical conduct. The manner in which Beethoven set the text in his mass accords with the Catholic Enlightenment’s encouragement of an engaged attitude toward the liturgy. However, Beethoven’s portrayal of Christ in Christus, along with some aspects of the Mass in C, also hints at an openness to the more conservative Catholic Restoration.
TheMissa solemnis
Authors: Chong Nicholas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter situates Beethoven’s Missa solemnis within the German Catholicism of his time, especially the theology of Johann Michael Sailer, which the composer engaged with while working on the piece. Some of the compositional techniques in the Missa resemble those in Beethoven’s earlier Mass in C—for instance, a strikingly vivid approach to depicting the meaning of the Mass text—but are used more frequently or in more extreme ways. Therefore, Beethoven’s engagement with Sailer’s thought, rather than causing a significant change in his views, probably reinforced religious ideas for which he already felt an affinity. However, the explicit references in the Missa to “archaic” Catholic musical styles such as plainchant do represent a more significant departure from the Mass in C and may have been inspired by Sailer’s theology, potentially signaling a “conservative” turn in Beethoven’s attitude to religious music that can be linked to the Catholic Restoration.
Adipose Tissue, Regeneration, and Skin Health: The Next Regenerative Frontier
Authors: Widgerow Alan D 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Adipose tissue, or fat compartments, has long been considered a storage depot and an energy source. However, a large part of new research, starting with the discovery of adipose-derived stem cells, has redirected this thinking toward the tremendous regenerative capacity that adipose tissue possesses when it is healthy. This has resulted in multiple technologies being explored with fat as a basis or with fat as a target aiming at the stimulation of new small hyperplastic adipose cells exuding adipokines and encouraging the proliferation of a whole host of progenitor cells that can have positive effects on many organ systems. One of these organ systems is skin, and there is a direct correlation with various fat compartments and skin health. Dermal fat tissue, also known as dermal white adipose tissue, is one such compartment that originates from dermal preadipocytes transdifferentiating into adipocytes and progenitor adipose cells under the right cues. The author of this paper discusses these potential cues, including injectable fillers, fat grafts, and topical formulations, and their capacity to impact skin health through the generation of healthy fat tissue. In addition, small molecules such as glucagon-like peptide-1 peptides and their impact on fat tissue are discussed. Adipose tissue is being recognized as the next regenerative frontier with exciting prospects ahead.

Level of Evidence: 5 (Therapeutic)
SAMP: Identifying antimicrobial peptides by an ensemble learning model based on proportionalized split amino acid composition
Authors: Feng Junxi , Sun Mengtao , Liu Cong , Zhang Weiwei , Xu Changmou , Wang Jieqiong , Wang Guangshun , Wan Shibiao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
It is projected that 10 million deaths could be attributed to drug-resistant bacteria infections in 2050. To address this concern, identifying new-generation antibiotics is an effective way. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), a class of innate immune effectors, have received significant attention for their capacity to eliminate drug-resistant pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Recent years have witnessed widespread applications of computational methods especially machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for discovering AMPs. However, existing methods only use features including compositional, physiochemical, and structural properties of peptides, which cannot fully capture sequence information from AMPs. Here, we present SAMP, an ensemble random projection (RP) based computational model that leverages a new type of feature called proportionalized split amino acid composition (PSAAC) in addition to conventional sequence-based features for AMP prediction. With this new feature set, SAMP captures the residue patterns like sorting signals at both the N-terminal and the C-terminal, while also retaining the sequence order information from the middle peptide fragments. Benchmarking tests on different balanced and imbalanced datasets demonstrate that SAMP consistently outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods, such as iAMPpred and AMPScanner V2, in terms of accuracy, Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), G-measure, and F1-score. In addition, by leveraging an ensemble RP architecture, SAMP is scalable to processing large-scale AMP identification with further performance improvement, compared to those models without RP. To facilitate the use of SAMP, we have developed a Python package that is freely available at https://github.com/wan-mlab/SAMP.
MCGAE: unraveling tumor invasion through integrated multimodal spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Yang Yiwen , Zhang Chengming , Liu Zhaonan , Aihara Kazuyuki , Zhang Chuanchao , Chen Luonan , Wei Wu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Spatially Resolved Transcriptomics (SRT) serves as a cornerstone in biomedical research, revealing the heterogeneity of tissue microenvironments. Integrating multimodal data including gene expression, spatial coordinates, and morphological information poses significant challenges for accurate spatial domain identification. Herein, we present the Multi-view Contrastive Graph Autoencoder (MCGAE), a cutting-edge deep computational framework specifically designed for the intricate analysis of spatial transcriptomics (ST) data. MCGAE advances the field by creating multi-view representations from gene expression and spatial adjacency matrices. Utilizing modular modeling, contrastive graph convolutional networks, and attention mechanisms, it generates modality-specific spatial representations and integrates them into a unified embedding. This integration process is further enriched by the inclusion of morphological image features, markedly enhancing the framework’s capability to process multimodal data. Applied to both simulated and real SRT datasets, MCGAE demonstrates superior performance in spatial domain detection, data denoising, trajectory inference, and 3D feature extraction, outperforming existing methods. Specifically, in colorectal cancer liver metastases, MCGAE integrates histological and gene expression data to identify tumor invasion regions and characterize cellular molecular regulation. This breakthrough extends ST analysis and offers new tools for cancer and complex disease research.