bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal variation in behavioral responses to dietary cues from a gape‐limited predator in tadpole prey: A test of the phylogenetic relatedness hypothesis
Authors: Ramamonjisoa Noelikanto , Mori Akira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ability of prey to recognize and adequately respond to predators determines their survival. Predator‐borne, post‐digestion dietary cues represent essential information for prey about the identity and the level of risk posed by predators. The phylogenetic relatedness hypothesis posits that prey should respond strongly to dietary cues from closely related heterospecifics but respond weakly to such cues from distantly related prey, following a hierarchical pattern. While such responses have mostly been observed in prey at their first encounter with predators, whether prey maintain such hierarchical levels of investment through time remains unclear. We investigated this question by exposing Rhacophorus arboreus tadpoles to the non‐consumptive effect of gape‐limited newt predators Cynops pyrrhogaster that were fed one of five prey diets across a gradient of phylogenetic relatedness: frog tadpoles (Rhacophorus arboreus, Rhacophorus schlegelii, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, and Hyla japonica) and medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). Predators’ diet, time, and their interaction significantly influenced tadpole activity level. We found support for the phylogenetic relatedness hypothesis: Investments in defense were stronger to cues from tadpole diets than to cues from fish diet. However, such a hierarchical response was recorded only in the first four days following predator exposure, then gradually disappear by day 8 on which the tadpoles exhibited similar activity level across all predator treatments. The findings suggest that, at least under the threat of gape‐limited predators, prey use phylogenetic information to evaluate risk and appropriately invest in defense during early encounters with predators; however, energy requirements may prevent prey from maintaining a high level of defense over long exposure to predation risk.
Multiaxial fatigue of extruded ZK60 magnesium alloy
Authors: Albinmousa Jafar , Adinoyi Muhammed J. , Merah Nesar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMultiaxial monotonic and cyclic behaviors of ZK60‐T5 magnesium extrusion are investigated. Strain‐controlled tests were performed at standard laboratory condition with fully reversed straining. Twinning‐detwinning deformation plays an important role in the cyclic axial behavior for tests that were performed under strain amplitudes higher than 0.4%. However, the hysteresis loop for the 0.4% was found symmetric and no sign of twinning‐detwinning deformation was observed. On the contrary, the cyclic shear behavior was found to be similar to conventional alloys and no significant asymmetric or twinning‐detwinning deformations were observed. The multiaxial fatigue tests suggest that multiaxiality and nonproportionality are not detrimental to fatigue life. Three multiaxial fatigue damage models were used: Smith‐Watson‐Topper, Fatemi‐Socie, and Jahed‐Varvani. While Fatemi‐Socie and Jahed‐Varvani models show comparable estimation, Smith‐Watson‐Topper overestimates shear and nonproportional lives.
Sonographic appearance of sebaceous cysts. Our experience and a review of the literature
Authors: Solivetti Francesco Maria , Desiderio Flora , Elia Fulvia , Guerrisi Antonino , Cota Carlo , Morrone Aldo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSebaceous cysts are benign enveloped nodules resulting from an obstruction of a hair follicle. Although they are very common, differential diagnosis is not obvious and may include many diseases. Ultrasound examination with high frequency probes, in the hands of a skilled operator, is the gold standard for noninvasive evaluation of these diseases. The aim of our study was to describe sonographic patterns found in our experience with high frequency probes. We decided to reevaluate the sonographic appearance of the last 100 patients with sebaceous cysts that were under our observation through conducting a retrospective study. All lesions were examined by a skilled radiologist with an Esaote MyLab 70 XVG ultrasound unit and a dedicated 18 MHz linear probe, sometimes supplemented by 20 MHz. In these skin lesions, we evaluated morphology, size, vascularity, and especially the visibility of skin pores, a characteristic of sebaceous cysts. We found 118 lesions that were mostly located on the trunk. In the majority of cases, the skin lesions had an oval‐shaped morphology – 114 (96.6%) – and were hypoechoic in appearance −108 (91.5%). In 60 (50.8%) cases, the skin lesions showed a homogeneous appearance, known as "pseudotestis". The average ultrasound examines with very high frequency probes allowed to evidence skin pores. Our retrospective study on higher frequency probes confirms the data in literature regarding the diagnosis of sebaceous cysts, demonstrating the high incidence and clinical significance of evidence of the so‐called epidermal punctum.
The unheard voice of the clinician: Perspectives on the key features of an adolescent inpatient model of care
Authors: Hayes Claire , Simmons Magenta , Palmer Victoria J. , Hamilton Bridget , Simons Christine , Hopwood Malcolm 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProblemLittle has been reported from clinicians about the operations, interventions, and outcomes of inpatient units and how these comprise models of care in such units. The aim of this study was to explore an inpatient model of care in operation at the study site by defining key features of the model from the perspectives of clinicians.MethodsSemi‐structured face to face interviews were conducted with ten clinicians working in a private inpatient unit in Melbourne, Australia. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis.FindingsAnalysis resulted in the identification of three thematic features relating to containment, engagement, and therapy. These included (a) an environment conducive to containment, (b) adolescent engagement through shared experiences, and (c) dialectical behavior therapy embedded culture.ConclusionsThe findings provide insights into often unheard clinician perspectives on what the key features of an adolescent inpatient model of care are. These features relate to the interventions that are currently offered on the unit and ways of working as informed by philosophies and practices. These findings should be used to improve clinical services and inform research aiming to articulate exemplary adolescent inpatient models of care. Furthermore, the findings provide guidance and practical information to commissioners, clinicians, and policy makers implementing models of care.
Potentiation of ABCA3 lipid transport function by ivacaftor and genistein
Authors: Kinting Susanna , Li Yang , Forstner Maria , Delhommel Florent , Sattler Michael , Griese Matthias 
Published: June 2019

AbstractABCA3 is a phospholipid transporter implicated in pulmonary surfactant homoeostasis and localized at the limiting membrane of lamellar bodies, the storage compartment for surfactant in alveolar type II cells. Mutations in ABCA3 display a common genetic cause for diseases caused by surfactant deficiency like respiratory distress in neonates and interstitial lung disease in children and adults, for which currently no causal therapy exists. In this study, we investigated the effects of ivacaftor and genistein, two potentiators of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), on ABCA3‐specific lipid transport function. Wild‐type (WT) and functional ABCA3 mutations N568D, F629L, G667R, T1114M and L1580P were stably expressed in A549 cells. Three‐dimensional modelling predicted functional impairment for all five mutants that was confirmed by in vitro experiments (all <14% of WT functional activity). Treatment with potentiators rescued the mutants N568D (up to 114% of WT), F629L (up to 47% of WT), and G667R (up to 60% of WT), the latter variation needing higher concentrations of genistein, showing reduced affinity of the potentiator to the mutant protein. Our results present a first proof that functional ABCA3 mutations are rescued by CFTR potentiators, making them a potential therapeutical option for patients suffering from surfactant deficiency due to ABCA3 mutations.
Molecular biomarker‐guided anti‐angiogenic targeted therapy for malignant glioma
Authors: Yan Chengrui , Wang Jiaru , Yang Yuyan , Ma Wenbin , Chen Xiaolin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite aggressive multimodality treatment, the prognosis of glioma, especially malignant glioma, remains very poor. After decades of effort, anti‐angiogenic therapy has become an important method of cancer treatment in addition to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Although the performance of anti‐angiogenic therapy in colorectal cancer is good, its performance in malignant glioma remains unsatisfactory. Several phase III clinical trials showed no overall survival benefits. To solve this problem, the division of patients into groups based on their molecular biomarkers is an important step. This paper provides current insights into anti‐angiogenic drugs undergoing clinical trials and discusses the potential of molecular biomarkers to guide glioma diagnosis.
LncRNA FOXD2‐AS1 as a competitive endogenous RNA against miR‐150‐5p reverses resistance to sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sui Chengjun , Dong Zhitao , Yang Cheng , Zhang Minfeng , Dai Binghua , Geng Li , Lu Jiongjiong , Yang Jiamei , Xu Minhui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe current study elucidated the role of a long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), FOXD2‐AS1, in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the regulatory mechanism underlying FOXD2‐AS1/miR‐150‐5p/transmembrane protein 9 (TMEM9) signalling in HCC. Microarray analysis was used for preliminary screening of candidate lncRNAs in HCC tissues. qRT‐PCR and Western blot analyses were used to detect the expression of FOXD2‐AS1. Cell proliferation assays, luciferase assay and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to examine the mechanism by which FOXD2‐AS1 mediates sorafenib resistance in HCC cells. FOXD2‐AS1 and TMEM9 were significantly decreased and miR‐150‐5p was increased in SR‐HepG2 and SR‐HUH7 cells compared with control parental cells. Overexpression of FOXD2‐AS1 increased TMEM9 expression and overcame the resistance of SR‐HepG2 and SR‐HUH7 cells. Conversely, knockdown of FOXD2‐AS1 decreased TMEM9 expression and increased the sensitivity of HepG2 and Huh7 cells to sorafenib. Our data also demonstrated that FOXD2‐AS1 functioned as a sponge for miR‐150‐5p to modulate TMEM9 expression. Taken together, our findings revealed that FOXD2‐AS1 is an important regulator of TMEM9 and contributed to sorafenib resistance. Thus, FOXD2‐AS1 may serve as a therapeutic target against sorafenib resistance in HCC.
Angiopoietin‐like protein 8 expression and association with extracellular matrix metabolism and inflammation during intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Liao Zhiwei , Wu Xinghuo , Song Yu , Luo Rongjin , Yin Huipeng , Zhan Shengfeng , Li Shuai , Wang Kun , Zhang Yukun , Yang Cao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is considered the primary culprit for low back pain. Although the underlying mechanisms remain unknown, hyperactive catabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and inflammation are suggested to play critical roles in IDD progression. This study was designed to elucidate the role of angiopoietin‐like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) in the progression of IDD, especially the relationship of ANGPTL8 with ECM metabolism and inflammation. A positive association between ANGPTL8 expression and degenerative grades of IDD was detected in the analysis of human nucleus pulposus tissue samples. Silencing of ANGPTL8 attenuated the degradation of the anabolic protein type collagen II, and reduced the expression of the catabolic proteins MMP3 and MMP9, and the inflammatory cytokine IL‐6 through inhibition of NF‐κB signalling activation. In addition, the effect of ANGPTL8 was evaluated in a rat model of puncture‐induced IDD. Based on the imaging results and histological examination in animal study, knockdown of ANGPTL8 was demonstrated to ameliorate the IDD progression. These results demonstrate the detrimental role of ANGPTL8 expression in the pathogenesis of IDD and may provide a new therapeutic target for IDD treatment.
Range‐wide genetic structure of a cooperative mouse in a semi‐arid zone: Evidence for panmixia
Authors: Firman Renée C. , Ottewell Kym M. , Fisher Diana O. , Tedeschi Jamie N. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLandscape topography and the mobility of individuals will have fundamental impacts on a species’ population structure, for example by enhancing or reducing gene flow and therefore influencing the effective size and genetic diversity of the population. However, social organization will also influence population genetic structure. For example, species that live and breed in cooperative groups may experience high levels of inbreeding and strong genetic drift. The western pebble‐mound mouse (Pseudomys chapmani), which occupies a highly heterogeneous, semi‐arid landscape in Australia, is an enigmatic social mammal that has the intriguing behaviour of working cooperatively in groups to build permanent pebble mounds above a subterranean burrow system. Here, we used both nuclear (microsatellite) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) markers to analyse the range‐wide population structure of western pebble‐mound mice sourced from multiple social groups. We observed high levels of genetic diversity at the broad scale, very weak genetic differentiation at a finer scale and low levels of inbreeding. Our genetic analyses suggest that the western pebble‐mound mouse population is both panmictic and highly viable. We conclude that high genetic connectivity across the complex landscape is a consequence of the species’ ability to permeate their environment, which may be enhanced by “boom‐bust” population dynamics driven by the semi‐arid climate. More broadly, our results highlight the importance of sampling strategies to infer social structure and demonstrate that sociality is an important component of population genetic structure.
Bluegill Picornavirus isolated from a mortality event involving Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) in the upper Mississippi River
Authors: Leis Eric , Erickson Sara , McCann Rebekah , Standish Isaac , Katona Ryan , Brecka Brian , Baumgartner Wes 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA mortality event involving an estimated 1,000 adult bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) was observed in an ice‐covered backwater lake of the upper Mississippi River near Alma, Wisconsin, in December of 2017. Macroscopic signs of disease included abdominal distension due to fluid accumulation within the internal organs as well as external and internal haemorrhaging. Histological evaluation revealed chronic peritonitis with peritoneal adhesions in all fish examined. Kidney, spleen and ascites fluid samples were collected from diseased bluegills and examined for the presence of pathogens. Bluegill picornavirus (BGPV) was isolated using tissue cell culture methods utilizing a recently developed, uncharacterized bluegill fry cell line (BF‐4), and the presence of this virus was confirmed through molecular identification. The current geographic range, known susceptible hosts as well as historical epizootics associated with BPGV is discussed. The ability of BGPV to cause significant mortality in wild fish further emphasizes the importance of monitoring both wild and hatchery populations for this pathogen.
Prospective study of perceived dietary salt intake and the risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Shen X. , Jin C. , Wu Y. , Zhang Y. , Wang X. , Huang W. , Li J. , Wu S. , Gao X. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundA high sodium intake is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, little is known regarding whether greater salt intake is a potential risk factor for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We thus prospectively investigated whether individuals with higher perceived dietary salt intake had a higher risk of developing NAFLD.MethodsThe present study included 35 023 participants (22 629 men and 12 394 women) from the Kailuan study who were free of NAFLD at baseline (2006) and who did not drink alcohol at baseline and during follow‐up (2006–2014; follow‐rate 95.2%). NAFLD was defined as a participant who had been diagnosed with fatty liver at least twice by ultrasound tests conducted every 2 years during follow‐up. Dietary salt intake was determined by a self‐report question and was classified into three categories: low (<6 g day−1), medium (6–9 g day−1) or high (≥10 g day−1). Cox proportional models were used to estimate the risk of NAFLD, adjusting for potential confounders, such as age, sex, education, physical activity, smoking, income, occupation, marriage, body mass index, waist circumference and blood pressure, as well as serum concentrations of glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride.ResultsDuring 8 years of follow‐up, we identified 5102 incident NAFLD cases. After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratio (95% conference interval) for NAFLD was 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) for medium salt intake and 1.19 (1.02,1.39) for high salt consumption (P trend = 0.03) relative to the low salt consumption group.ConclusionsA perceived high salt intake was associated with a higher future risk of NAFLD.
Bacterial iturins mediate biocontrol activity of Bacillus sp. against postharvest pear fruit‐rotting fungi
Authors: Wu Liqin , Shang Hongzhong , Gu Haike , Zheng Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA potential antagonist, Bacillus sp. LYLB4 isolated from pear fruits, was tested for its antifungal activity against postharvest pear pathogens. LYLB4 had a remarkable antifungal effect on Botryosphaeria dothidea. Although it showed a weak inhibition effect on the growth of Rhizopus stolonifer on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates, LYLB4 almost completely destroyed R. stolonifer during direct contact in potato dextrose broth (PDB). LYLB4 treatment was able to significantly reduce disease incidence (by 68.9% and 100%, respectively) and lesion diameter (by 68.7% and 100%, respectively) of ring rot caused by B. dothidea and soft rot caused by R. stolonifer in pears. LYLB4 also suppressed several other phytopathogens in vitro, suggesting a broad‐spectrum antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens. 16S rRNA and gyrA sequence analysis indicated that LYLB4 is closely related to B. velezensis. Genome mining indicated that LYLB4 had 11 secondary metabolites encoding clusters, but that the surfactin and fengycin gene clusters may not be functional because of a large deletion. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectra (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) demonstrated that iturins were the major lipopeptides, and that C16/C17 Bacillomycin D synthesis was stimulated when LYLB4 was co‐cultured with B. dothidea compared to the control. Overall, these results demonstrate that the main biocontrol mechanism adopted by LYLB4 could be through the production of toxic metabolites and direct contact with pathogens.
Development and testing of a patient‐centered dental home assessment for low‐income families
Authors: Rozier Richard Gary , White Benjamin Alexander , Wang Mian , Meyer Beau D. , Lee Jessica Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to develop an instrument in English (ENG) and Spanish (SPA) for use in assessing perceptions of dental home characteristics among low‐income adults.MethodsAn expert panel selected 21 items from a pool of 81 items mapped to domains in the American Academy of Pediatrics’ medical home. Pilot testing with mothers (n = 795) of children in Early Head Start (EHS) resulted in an expanded 36‐item scale, which was field‐tested in interviews with ENG‐ (NENG = 665) and SPA‐speakers (NSPA = 116). An exploratory factor analysis of 23 usable items was carried out in an EHS reference group (NENG‐EHS = 272). The selected model was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in two other subgroups (NENG‐NonEHS = 393; NSPA = 116). We tested measurement and structural invariances using a multiple‐group approach. Known‐groups validity was examined by testing factor mean differences between two groups defined by whether or not the mother used a single dental office.ResultsA three‐factor CFA model with 10 items was retained for its close fit for all three subgroups. Invariance tests found the two ENG subgroups to be homogenous and were combined. Several item and factor parameters in the SPA group differed from the combined ENG group. The proposed dental home measure demonstrated good known‐group validity in that people who used the same dental office reported better dental care experiences.ConclusionsAn instrument to measure the dental home concept among low‐income adults was developed with three domains (accessible‐comprehensive, compassionate, and health literate care) that demonstrated good validity and reliability.
Plant immunity in signal integration between biotic and abiotic stress responses
Authors: Saijo Yusuke , Loo Eliza Po‐iian 
Published: June 2019

SummaryPlants constantly monitor and cope with the fluctuating environment while hosting a diversity of plant‐inhabiting microbes. The mode and outcome of plant–microbe interactions, including plant disease epidemics, are dynamically and profoundly influenced by abiotic factors, such as light, temperature, water and nutrients. Plants also utilize associations with beneficial microbes during adaptation to adverse conditions. Elucidation of the molecular bases for the plant–microbe–environment interactions is therefore of fundamental importance in the plant sciences. Following advances into individual stress signaling pathways, recent studies are beginning to reveal molecular intersections between biotic and abiotic stress responses and regulatory principles in combined stress responses. We outline mechanisms underlying environmental modulation of plant immunity and emerging roles for immune regulators in abiotic stress tolerance. Furthermore, we discuss how plants coordinate conflicting demands when exposed to combinations of different stresses, with attention to a possible determinant that links initial stress response to broad‐spectrum stress tolerance or prioritization of specific stress tolerance.
Are methane emissions from mangrove stems a cryptic carbon loss pathway? Insights from a catastrophic forest mortality
Authors: Jeffrey Luke C. , Reithmaier Gloria , Sippo James Z. , Johnston Scott G. , Tait Douglas R. , Harada Yota , Maher Damien T. 
Published: June 2019

Summary

Growing evidence indicates that tree‐stem methane (CH4) emissions may be an important and unaccounted‐for component of local, regional and global carbon (C) budgets. Studies to date have focused on upland and freshwater swamp‐forests; however, no data on tree‐stem fluxes from estuarine species currently exist.

Here we provide the first‐ever mangrove tree‐stem CH4 flux measurements from >50 trees (n = 230 measurements), in both standing dead and living forest, from a region suffering a recent large‐scale climate‐driven dieback event (Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia).

Average CH4 emissions from standing dead mangrove tree‐stems was 249.2 ± 41.0 μmol m−2 d−1 and was eight‐fold higher than from living mangrove tree‐stems (37.5 ± 5.8 μmol m−2 d−1). The average CH4 flux from tree‐stem bases (c. 10 cm aboveground) was 1071.1 ± 210.4 and 96.8 ± 27.7 μmol m−2 d−1 from dead and living stands respectively. Sediment CH4 fluxes and redox potentials did not differ significantly between living and dead stands. Our results suggest both dead and living tree‐stems act as CH4 conduits to the atmosphere, bypassing potential sedimentary oxidation processes.

Although large uncertainties exist when upscaling data from small‐scale temporal measurements, we estimated that dead mangrove tree‐stem emissions may account for c. 26% of the net ecosystem CH4 flux.