bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pénurie hydrique et crise de gouvernance dans la Région métropolitaine de São Paulo
Authors: Jacobi Pedro Roberto , Bujak Nicolas Luis , Souza Alexandre do Nascimento 
Published: June 2018

À partir des années 1990, le Brésil a introduit un nouveau modèle de gestion des ressources hydriques : la gestion par bassin versant. Ce modèle a été mis en place à São Paulo avec la loi n° 7.663 de 1991 puis dans le pays tout entier avec l’entrée en vigueur de la loi n° 9.433 de 1997. Il présuppose une gestion participative, intégrée et décentralisée qui est pourtant loin d’être appliqué à São Paulo. Nous nous appuyons pour le montrer sur l’analyse de la crise d’approvisionnement en eau connue par la Région métropolitaine de São Paulo (RMSP) de 2013 à 2015 en soulignant, en particulier, comment elle procède avant tout d’une défaillance en matière de gouvernance des ressources hydriques. Dans un premier temps, après avoir présenté rapidement la notion de « gouvernance » à partir de laquelle nous travaillons, nous examinons son application au domaine de l’eau au Brésil. Nous abordons ensuite le système de gestion de la Région métropolitaine de São Paulo et la crise hydrique en nous intéressant plus particulièrement aux questions de gouvernance, de transparence et de participation de la société civile.
Éducations à : penser l’articulation des savoirs et des valeurs au service de l’agir sociétal
Authors: Lange Jean-Marc 
Published: June 2018

L’éducation au développement durable est révélatrice des questions pédagogiques et didactiques posées par l’ensemble des « éducations à ». Se trouvent mises en tension la question des savoirs et celle des valeurs dans leur rapport à l’action et à l’engagement prônés par les textes de préconisations internationales et nationales. L’article se propose de clarifier ces articulations et tensions dans leurs relations réciproques et de rendre lisibles les doctrines à l’œuvre. Il concourt ainsi à l’élaboration d’une balise curriculaire pour ce domaine éducatif et pose les principes d’une didactique de l’agir sociétal en relation avec des finalités éducatives, celles d’une démocratie participative.
Analyse du point de cristallisation dans la chronogenèse du processus de raccrochage
Authors: Philipson Anne , Dupont Pascal 
Published: June 2018

Cette étude tend à analyser la répercussion des différentes temporalités, passé, présent, avenir, dans le processus du « raccrochage ». En effet, du processus à la réalisation d’un projet professionnel, la temporalité est au cœur du « raccrochage ». Nous empruntons au linguiste Gustave Guillaume (1924/1984), le terme de « chronogenèse » pour désigner l’organisation chronologique du processus de « raccrochage ». Nous nous intéresserons notamment au « point de cristallisation » du parcours, c’est-à-dire au moment déclencheur du « raccrochage », afin de montrer qu’il sert d’ancrage à la construction du projet.
TLR7-Mediated Lupus Nephritis Is Independent of Type I IFN Signaling
Authors: Wolf Sonya J. , Theros Jonathan , Reed Tammi J. , Liu Jianhua , Grigorova Irina L. , Martínez-Colón Giovanny , Jacob Chaim O. , Hodgin Jeffrey B. , Kahlenberg J. Michelle 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased type I IFNs, autoantibodies, and inflammatory-mediated multiorgan damage. TLR7 activation is an important contributor to systemic lupus erythematosus pathogenesis, but the mechanisms by which type I IFNs participate in TLR7-driven pathologic conditions remain uncertain. In this study, we examined the requirement for type I IFNs in TLR7-stimulated lupus nephritis. Lupus-prone NZM2328, INZM (which lack a functional type I IFN receptor), and NZM2328 IL-1β−/− mice were treated at 10 wk of age on the right ear with R848 (TLR7 agonist) or control (DMSO). Autoantibody production and proteinuria were assessed throughout treatment. Multiorgan inflammation was assessed at the time of decline in health. Renal infiltrates and mRNA expression were also examined after 14 d of treatment. Both NZM2328 and INZM mice exhibited a decline in survival after 3–4 wk of R848 but not vehicle treatment. Development of splenomegaly and liver inflammation were dependent on type I IFN. Interestingly, autoantibody production, early renal infiltration of dendritic cells, upregulation of IL-1β, and lupus nephritis occurred independent of type I IFN signaling. Development of TLR7-driven lupus nephritis was not abolished by the deletion of IL-1β. Thus, although IFN-α is sufficient to induce nephritis acceleration, our data emphasize a critical role for IFN-independent signaling in TLR7-mediated lupus nephritis. Further, despite upregulation of IL-1β after TLR7 stimulation, deletion of IL-1β is not sufficient to reduce lupus nephritis development in this model.
Leukocyte-Associated Ig-like Receptor 1 Inhibits Th1 Responses but Is Required for Natural and Induced Monocyte-Dependent Th17 Responses
Authors: Agashe Vrushali V. , Jankowska-Gan Ewa , Keller Melissa , Sullivan Jeremy A. , Haynes Lynn D. , Kernien John F. , Torrealba Jose R. , Roenneburg Drew , Dart Melanie , Colonna Marco , Wilkes David S. , Burlingham William J. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Leukocyte-associated Ig-like receptor 1 (LAIR1) is an ITIM-bearing collagen receptor expressed by leukocytes and is implicated in immune suppression. However, using a divalent soluble LAIR1/Fc recombinant protein to block interaction of cell surface LAIR1 with matrix collagen, we found that whereas Th1 responses were enhanced as predicted, Th17 responses were strongly inhibited. Indeed, LAIR1 on both T cells and monocytes was required for optimal Th17 responses to collagen type (Col)V. For pre-existing “natural” Th17 response to ColV, the LAIR1 requirement was absolute, whereas adaptive Th17 and Th1/17 immune responses in both mice and humans were profoundly reduced in the absence of LAIR1. Furthermore, the addition of C1q, a natural LAIR1 ligand, decreased Th1 responses in a dose-dependent manner, but it had no effect on Th17 responses. In IL-17–dependent murine organ transplant models of chronic rejection, LAIR1+/+ but not LAIR1−/− littermates mounted strong fibroproliferative responses. Surface LAIR1 expression was higher on human Th17 cells as compared with Th1 cells, ruling out a receptor deficiency that could account for the differences. We conclude that LAIR1 ligation by its natural ligands favors Th17 cell development, allowing for preferential activity of these cells in collagen-rich environments. The emergence of cryptic self-antigens such as the LAIR1 ligand ColV during ischemia/reperfusion injury and early acute rejection, as well as the tendency of macrophages/monocytes to accumulate in the allograft during chronic rejection, favors Th17 over Th1 development, posing a risk to long-term graft survival.
Mucosal Immunity in the Female Murine Mammary Gland
Authors: Betts Courtney B. , Pennock Nathan D. , Caruso Breanna P. , Ruffell Brian , Borges Virginia F. , Schedin Pepper 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The mammary gland is not classically considered a mucosal organ, although it exhibits some features common to mucosal tissues. Notably, the mammary epithelium is contiguous with the external environment, is exposed to bacteria during lactation, and displays antimicrobial features. Nonetheless, immunological hallmarks predictive of mucosal function have not been demonstrated in the mammary gland, including immune tolerance to foreign Ags under homeostasis. This inquiry is important, as mucosal immunity in the mammary gland may assure infant and women’s health during lactation. Further, such mucosal immune programs may protect mammary function at the expense of breast cancer promotion via decreased immune surveillance. In this study, using murine models, we evaluated mammary specific mucosal attributes focusing on two reproductive states at increased risk for foreign and self-antigen exposure: lactation and weaning-induced involution. We find a baseline mucosal program of RORγT+ CD4+ T cells that is elevated within lactating and involuting mammary glands and is extended during involution to include tolerogenic dendritic cell phenotypes, barrier-supportive antimicrobials, and immunosuppressive Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells. Further, we demonstrate suppression of Ag-dependent CD4+ T cell activation, data consistent with immune tolerance. We also find Ag-independent accumulation of memory RORγT+ Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells specifically within the involution mammary gland consistent with an active immune process. Overall, these data elucidate strong mucosal immune programs within lactating and involuting mammary glands. Our findings support the classification of the mammary gland as a temporal mucosal organ and open new avenues for exploration into breast pathologic conditions, including compromised lactation and breast cancer.
Deep Sequencing Reveals Transient Segregation of T Cell Repertoires in Splenic T Cell Zones during an Immune Response
Authors: Textor Johannes , Fähnrich Anke , Meinhardt Martin , Tune Cornelia , Klein Sebastian , Pagel Rene , König Peter , Kalies Kathrin , Westermann Jürgen 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Immunological differences between hosts, such as diverse TCR repertoires, are widely credited for reducing the risk of pathogen spread and adaptation in a population. Within-host immunological diversity might likewise be important for robust pathogen control, but to what extent naive TCR repertoires differ across different locations in the same host is unclear. T cell zones (TCZs) in secondary lymphoid organs provide secluded microenvironmental niches. By harboring distinct TCRs, such niches could enhance within-host immunological diversity. In contrast, rapid T cell migration is expected to dilute such diversity. In this study, we combined tissue microdissection and deep sequencing of the TCR β-chain to examine the extent to which TCR repertoires differ between TCZs in murine spleens. In the absence of Ag, we found little evidence for differences between TCZs of the same spleen. Yet, 3 d after immunization with sheep RBCs, we observed a &gt;10-fold rise in the number of clones that appeared to localize to individual zones. Remarkably, these differences largely disappeared at 4 d after immunization, when hallmarks of an ongoing immune response were still observed. These data suggest that in the absence of Ag, any repertoire differences observed between TCZs of the same host can largely be attributed to random clone distribution. Upon Ag challenge, TCR repertoires in TCZs first segregate and then homogenize within days. Such “transient mosaic” dynamics could be an important barrier for pathogen adaptation and spread during an immune response.
Effect of Focused Observation on Preservice Music Teachers’ Mention of Students
Authors: Killian Janice N. , Liu Jing 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Using Fuller and Bown’s (1975) teacher concerns model as a framework, we examined precursor strategies to Fuller and Bown’s Stage 3 (concern with student impact). We examined preservice music teachers’ focus on teaching videos to determine (a) if participants focused on teacher or student, (b) if prompts to notice students resulted in more comments about students, (c) if focus on students maintained without instructions, and (d) if results differed based on prior teaching experience with school-aged students. Preservice music teachers (N = 114) viewed videos of music classes/rehearsals, specifying “what you notice” (control, n = 54) or “what did the students do” (focused observation, n = 60). As a posttest transfer, participants viewed the pretest video again without instructions. There were significant posttest differences, indicating the extent to which instructions influenced participant focus and the effects of small amounts of teaching experience. Specifically, results showed that the inexperienced teachers with guided instructions responded more like experienced ones. Implications for teacher preparation were discussed.
Application of a Process Model for the Management of Intellectual Property in a Technology Licensing Office from a Brazilian Research Center
Authors: Andrade Herlandí De Souza , Chagas Jr. Milton De Freitas , Urbina Ligia Maria Soto , Silva Messias Borges 
Published: June 2018

In Brazil, the Technology Licensing Office (TLO) are responsible for managing the innovation policy of Scientific and Technological Institutions (STI). However, when analyzing the functioning of the TLO is possible to observe that these are organizations that still require capacitation to perform with efficiency and efficacy of its functions. Thus, the aim of this paper is to report the application of a model for the management of Intellectual Property (IP) in the TLO of the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE-TLO), in Brazil, which was conducted through an action research. The application of such a model is intended to empower INPE-TLO to perform its functions relating to the protection and commercialization of technologies in order to promote the transfer of technologies created by research and development units of the INPE to the productive sector. As preliminary results, it is possible to highlight the development of an action plan to realignment the flow of activities as well as to customize the model proposed to culture and INPE-TLO structure.
Sentidos produzidos por leitores acerca de suas inscrições no ambiente midiático
Authors: Borelli Viviane 
Published: June 2018

Diversos pesquisadores têm refletido sobre as relações entre mídias e leitores a partir de distintas abordagens teóricas e metodológicas. Nessa reflexão, busca-se identificar que motivações fazem com que os leitores insiram-se no processo de enunciação midiática, bem como interpretar as reflexões que fazem sobre suas relações com os jornais e também sobre os processos interacionais que desenvolvem com outros leitores. No contexto de uma sociedade ainda em vias de midiatização (Verón, 1997), compreende-se que é preciso olhar para os pontos de contato e para as ofertas discursivas que possam alargar ou gerar novos vínculos através daquilo que é colocado em circulação (Braga, 2012). Para entender como ocorrem esses processos interacionais entre jornais e leitores necessita-se observar não só as instâncias da produção e da recepção, mas especialmente para as interpenetrações, as “zonas de contato” (Fausto Neto, 2012). Se outrora os processos enunciativos dependiam em maior grau da mediação das mídias, hoje vive-se um momento em que os sujeitos inscrevem-se em distintos espaços midiáticos através de um protagonismo emergente. Para refletir sobre os motivos que levam leitores a comentarem matérias jornalísticas em sites e páginas de jornais no facebook, foram realizadas entrevistas com leitores dos periódicos portugueses Diário de Notícias e Público e brasileiros Pioneiro e Diário Popular para identificar nessas enunciações marcas, pois, como lembra Verón (2005), “uma superfície discursiva é composta por marcas” (p. 53) que apontem para motivações singulares, o porque da participação nesse locus específico, vínculos que são construídos com os jornais e demais leitores inscritos nessa ambiência midiática.
Tecnologias do gênero: media e mercados de drogas ilegais
Authors: Sena Lúcia Lamounier 
Published: June 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é estabelecer um possível diálogo entre a perspectiva de tecnologias de gênero, proposição do campo teórico feminista, e o sistema midiático. O cruzamento desses campos visa construir um referencial teórico e metodológico para uma análise sobre os argumentos que circulam nos media relativos à participação das mulheres nos mercados de drogas ilícitas no Brasil. A questão que se coloca é a relação entre as recorrentes representações publicizadas, de forma específica nos enquadramentos jornalísticos, e a constituição de um sujeito político: “a mulher no tráfico”. Para tanto, a discussão faz referências a uma análise inicial sobre a cobertura jornalística da capital mineira na primeira década dos anos de 2000.
In-vitro evaluation of the microhardness and fluoride releasing properties of chlorhexidine+benzalkonium chloride mixtures incorporated into conventional glass ionomer cement
Authors: TÜZÜNER Tamer 
Published: June 2018

Objectives: In atraumatic restorative dentistry, the usage of
antibacterial materials with glass ionomer cements (GICs) are considered as
beneficial for eliminating the residual caries under the restoration. However,
adding such antibacterials to the GIC could lead harmful effects on the
pyhsical and chemical properties of the cement nature. Thus, it was aimed to
analyze the microhardness and fluoride releasing alterations of chlorhexidine
(CHX)+benzalkonium chloride (BC) antibacterial (AB) mixtures which were added
to the powder of conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC).

Materials and Method: The powders of AB (1% CHX+1% BC) were
added to the powders of CGIC and selected as experimental group (EXP). Antibacterial free CGIC was assigned
as control (CNT). Vickers micro hardness measurements (VHN; n=10, for each
group) and fluoride releasing (FR; n=10; for each group) amounts were
calculated at days 1 and 7. Mann Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests were used for
statistical analysis at a significance value of p&lt;0.05.

Results: Significantly higher VHN values were obtained in CNT
compared to the EXP group at days 1 (p&lt;0.001) and 7 (p&lt;0.001).
Significantly increased VHN values observed at day 7 compared to the day 1 in
CNT (p&lt;0.01) and EXP (p&lt;0.05) groups. The FRA revealed no significant
differences between CNT and EXP at days 1 (p&gt;0.05) and 7 (p&gt;0.05).
Significantly higher FR values were shown at day 7 compared to the day 1 in CNT
(p&lt;0.01) and EXP (p&lt;0.01).

Conclusions:
It can be concluded that, even the usage of 1% CHX + 1% BC mixtures with the
CGIC may be more problematic for microhardness values but acceptable for fluoride releasing properties compared to
the CNT group, reasonable time dependent alterations observed in VHN and FR
results should not be overlooked for future studies.
Україна між минулим і майбутнім. Бесіда з істориком Андрієм Портновим.
Authors: Dymytrova Valentyna 
Published: June 2018

Український історик та колишній редактор журналу Україна Модерна, Андрій
Портнов очолює Ініціативу Україна Берлін-Бранденбург, є науковим співробітником
Форуму Трансрегіональних Досліджень і викладачем Гумбольдтського університету
Берліна. У рамках фестивалю ідей Mode d’emploi, що пройшов в Ліоні з 16 по 29
листопада 2015, Андрій Портнов взяв участь у двох круглих столах «Росія Володимира
Путіна » та « Дніпропетровськ : історія секретного міста ». У бесіді, записаній під
час перебування історика в Ліоні, Андрій Портнов критично аналізує політичну
ситуацію України, беручи до уваги історію країни та її сьогодення.
Acteurs et instruments dans la lutte contre Boko-Haram
Authors: Kadje Danielle 
Published: June 2018

Dans ce monde en mutation, un terrorisme massif, mutant, asymétrique et islamisé a
pris progressivement racine : la menace islamiste radicale, illustrée notamment par la
nébuleuse Al-Qaida, figure de proue du Djihadisme est aujourd'hui concurrencée par des
groupes africains de création récente à l'instar de Boko Haram (Pérouse de Montclos, 2012 ;
Guibbaud 2014 ; Koungou, 2014 ; Saibou, 2014 ; Pommerolle, 2015). Ce phénomène transnational
désormais au cœur de la vie socio-politique camerounaise et nigériane interpelle à plus d'un
titre. Cette nouvelle dynamique belliciste, objet d’une action publique multi-niveaux
analyse les déclinaisons d’un pan des assauts de cette secte islamiste. (Apard, 2015 : 135).
Cette étude interroge tour à tour, l’imbrication d’acteurs multiples aux registres
différents qui participent à la mise en œuvre de cette action publique spécifique et les
instruments de cette dynamique multi-niveaux et asymétrique au Cameroun et au
Nigéria.
Actively transcribed and expressedatp8gene inMytilus edulismussels
Authors: Lubośny Marek , Przyłucka Aleksandra , Śmietanka Beata , Breton Sophie , Burzyński Artur 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAnimal mitochondrial genomes typically encode 37 genes: 13 proteins, 22 tRNAs and two rRNAs. However, many species represent exceptions to that rule. Bivalvia along with Nematoda and Platyhelminthes are often suspected to fully or partially lack the ATP synthase subunit 8 (atp8) gene. This raises the question as to whether they are really lacking this gene or is this maybe an annotation problem? Among bivalves,Mytilus edulishas been inferred to lack an ATP8 gene since the characterization of its mitochondrial genome in 1992.Even though recent bioinformatic analyses suggested thatatp8is present inMytilusspp., due to high divergence in predicted amino acid sequences, the existence of a functionalatp8gene in this group remains controversial.ResultsHere we demonstrate thatM. edulismitochondrial open reading frames suggested to beatp8(in male and female mtDNAs) are actively translated proteins.We also provide evidence that both proteins are an integral part of the ATP synthase complex based on in-gel detection of ATP synthase activity and two-dimensional Blue-Native and SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis.ConclusionMany organisms (e.g., Bivalvia along with Nematoda and Platyhelminthes) are considered to be lacking certain mitochondrial genes often only based on poor similarity between protein coding gene sequences in genetically closed species. In some situations, this may lead to the inference that the ATP8 gene is absent, when it is in fact present, but highly divergent. This shows how important complementary role protein-based approaches, such as those in the present study, can provide to bioinformatic, genomic studies (i.e., ability to confirm the presence of a gene).
Does bathymetry drive coastal whale shark (Rhincodon typus)aggregations?
Authors: Copping Joshua P. , Stewart Bryce D. , McClean Colin J. , Hancock James , Rees Richard 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe whale shark (Rhincodon typus) is known to aggregate in a number of coastal locations globally, however what causes these aggregations to form where they do is largely unknown. This study examines whether bathymetry is an important driver of coastal aggregation locations forR. typusthrough bathymetry’s effect on primary productivity and prey availability. This is a global study taking into account all coastal areas withinR. typus’range.MethodsR. typusaggregation locations were identified through an extensive literature review. Global bathymetric data were compared atR. typusaggregation locations and a large random selection of non-aggregation areas. Generalised linear models were used to assess which bathymetric characteristic had the biggest influence on aggregation presence.ResultsAggregation sites were significantly shallower than non-aggregation sites and in closer proximity to deep water (the mesopelagic zone) by two orders of magnitude. Slope at aggregation sites was significantly steeper than non-aggregation sites. These three bathymetric variables were shown to have the biggest association with aggregation sites, with up to 88% of deviation explained by the GLMs.DiscussionThe three key bathymetric characteristics similar at the aggregation sites are known to induce upwelling events, increase primary productivity and consequently attract numerous other filter feeding species. The location of aggregation sites in these key areas can be attributed to this increased prey availability, thought to be the main reasonR. typusaggregations occur, extensively outlined in the literature. The proximity of aggregations to shallow areas such as reefs could also be an important factor why whale sharks thermoregulate after deep dives to feed. These findings increase our understanding of whale shark behaviour and may help guide the identification and conservation of further aggregation sites.