bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extent to which cancer patients trust in cancer-related online information: a systematic review
Authors: Lange Lukas , Peikert Mona Leandra , Bleich Christiane , Schulz Holger 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundThe use of the internet to satisfy information needs is widespread among cancer patients. Patients’ decisions regarding whether to act upon the information they find strongly depend on the trustworthiness of the information and the medium. Patients who are younger, more highly educated and female are more likely to trust online information. The objectives of this systematic review were to examine the extent to which cancer patients trust in cancer-related online information, internet websites as a source of cancer-related information or the internet as a medium of cancer information.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using five databases (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017070190). Studies of any kind were included if they measured cancer patients’ trust in online health information. Study quality was assessed using the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) item bank. A narrative synthesis was undertaken to examine the included studies.ResultsOf the 7,314 citations obtained by the search, seven cross-sectional studies were included in the synthesis. A total of 1,054 patients reported having some or a great deal of trust in online cancer information; 154 patients reported moderately trusting such information; and 833 patients reported having no or little trust in online cancer information, internet websites as a source of cancer-related information or the internet as a medium of cancer-related information. Two of the seven studies reported between group comparisons for the above-stated patient characteristics. The methodological quality of the included studies was diverse.ConclusionThe results of the included studies indicates that approximately half of cancer patients appear to trust cancer-specific online information, internet websites as a source of cancer-related information or the internet as an information medium. However, the small number of included studies, high heterogeneity of participants, methods and outcomes calls for further systematic research. It is important to understand that cancer patients do and will increasingly use trusted cancer information websites to search for information concerning their disease. Therefore, physicians and other health care providers should provide more support and advice to these patients.
Vegetation change in response to climate factors and human activities on the Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Meng Meng , Huang Ni , Wu Mingquan , Pei Jie , Wang Jian , Niu Zheng 
Published: September 2019

Background
Vegetation in the Mongolian Plateau is very sensitive to climate change, which has a significant impact on the regulation of terrestrial carbon cycle.

Methods
We analyzed spatio-temporal changes of both growing season and the seasonal Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) using simple linear trend analysis. Besides, correlation analysis was applied to explore the climate factors’ effects on vegetation growth at temporal and spatial scale. Potential effects of human factors on vegetation growth were also explored by residual trend analysis.

Results
The results indicated that vegetation growth showed a greening trend in the Mongolian Plateau over the past 30 years. At the temporal scale, the growing season NDVI showed an insignificant increasing trend (at a rate of 0.0003 yr−1). At the spatial scale, a large region (53.8% of the whole Mongolian Plateau) with an increasing growing season NDVI, was primarily located in the southern and northern parts of the plateau. The correlation analysis suggested that temperature and precipitation were the main limiting factors that affected vegetation growth in spring and the growing season, respectively. The residual trend analysis showed that human activities primarily stimulated the growth of grasslands and shrublands, while croplands displayed a decreasing trend due to human disturbances, implying that anthropogenic factors may lead to croplands abandonment in favor of grasslands restoration. Our results provided detailed spatial and temporal changes of vegetation growth, and explored how climate and human factors affected vegetation growth, which may offer baseline data and scientific suggestions for local land and resources management, and facilitate the sustainable development of the terrestrial ecosystems.
On‐Demand Nanoscale Manipulations of Correlated Oxide Phases
Authors: Schrecongost Dustin , Aziziha Mina , Zhang Hai‐Tian , Tung I‐Cheng , Tessmer Joseph , Dai Weitao , Wang Qiang , Engel‐Herbert Roman , Wen Haidan , Picard Yoosuf N. , Cen Cheng 
Published: September 2019

AbstractControlling material properties at the nanoscale is a critical enabler of high performance electronic and photonic devices. A prototypical material example is VO2, where a structural phase transition in correlation with dramatic changes in resistivity, optical response, and thermal properties demonstrates particular technological importance. While the phase transition in VO2 can be controlled at macroscopic scales, reliable and reversible nanoscale control of the material phases has remained elusive. Here, reconfigurable nanoscale manipulations of VO2 from the pristine monoclinic semiconducting phase to either a stable monoclinic metallic phase, a metastable rutile metallic phase, or a layered insulating phase using an atomic force microscope is demonstrated at room temperature. The capability to directly write and erase arbitrary 2D patterns of different material phases with distinct optical and electrical properties builds a solid foundation for future reprogrammable multifunctional device engineering.
DMSO/H2O2 Promoted Regioselective Synthesis of Benzoimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazoles from 2‐Mercaptobenzimidazoles and Ketones in Water
Authors: Xu Jingxiu , Deng Renjin , Chen Jiaxi , Tang Xiaodong , Zhao Jinwu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe report a green and regioselective process for the construction of benzoimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole skeletons in water using DMSO/H2O2 as an oxidant. The experimental data lend support to a mechanism in which the transformation is initiated by oxidizing methylene of ketone into carbon radical under the oxidation of DMSO/H2O2. This operationally simple and metal‐free procedure could facilitate a diverse collection of benzoimidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole derivatives.magnified image
Micro‐ and Nanosystems for Advanced Transdermal Delivery
Authors: Yan Li , Alba Maria , Tabassum Nazia , Voelcker Nicolas H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe skin is the largest and most accessible organ in the human body and, as such, it appears as the most convenient portal for drug delivery. However, the skin is also a formidable barrier which, while protecting us from physical, chemical, and immunological agents, requires appropriate technology for effective delivery. Today, the most effective administration method for large, lipophobic, and polar molecules continues to be hypodermic injection, which is associated with pain, needle phobia, and stick injury. As an alternative, a range of advanced strategies to overcome the skin barrier have been established over the last few decades including chemical enhancement, sonophoresis, iontophoresis, electroporation, thermal ablation, and mechanical approaches. Encouraged by the advances in nanotechnology, micro‐ and nanosystems have emerged as powerful tools to overcome the skin barrier, enabling significant advances on the existing methods. In particular, microneedle‐ and nanoparticle‐assisted transdermal delivery has gained significant traction and will most likely have a strong impact in the field. In this review, the most recent progress in the field of transdermal delivery based on microneedle and nanoparticle delivery systems is discussed and examples of key therapeutic application are provided. Finally, a critical summary is presented alongside a vision for future research directions.
The Origin of Superhydrophobicity for Intrinsically Hydrophilic Metal Oxides: A Preferential O2 Adsorption Dominated by Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Qi Gaocan , Liu Xijun , Li Chao , Wang Cheng , Yuan Zhihao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe superhydrophobicity of intrinsically hydrophilic materials is still not well understood. Now, intrinsically hydrophilic metal oxides with different topographic structures are taken as model materials to reveal the origin of their superhydrophobicity. These metal oxides show enhanced hydrophobicity or superhydrophobicity in O2 relative to that in air, but exhibit superhydrophilic behavior in N2. The presence of rich oxygen vacancies greatly enhanced the adsorption of O2 with an adsorption energy larger than N2 and H2O, resulting in a stable O2 adsorption rather than air‐trapping within grooves of rough‐textured surfaces, which endows these intrinsically hydrophilic oxides with superhydrophobicity. Our results highlight a further understanding of the origin of superhydrophobicity for intrinsically hydrophilic materials, and is of great significance for designing novel devices with desired wettability.
Structure‐Based Site‐Specific PEGylation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Facilitates Rational Selection of Conjugate Sites
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Qi , Wu Jiamin , Zhou Chuanren , Cao Yu , Li Xiaokun , Niu Jianlou 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPolyethylene glycol modification (PEGylation) can enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of therapeutic proteins by the attachment of polyethylene glycol (PEG) to the surface of a protein to shield the protein surface from proteolytic degradation and limit aggregation. However, current PEGylation strategies often reduce biological activity, potentially as a result of steric hindrance of PEG. Overall, there are no structure‐based guidelines for selection of conjugate sites that retain optimal biological activity with improved pharmacokinetic properties. In this study, site‐specific PEGylation based on the FGF2‐FGFR1‐heparin complex structure is performed. The effects of the conjugate sites on protein function are investigated by measuring the receptor/heparin binding affinities of the modified proteins and performing assays to measure cell‐based bio‐activity and in vivo stability. Comprehensive analysis of these data demonstrates that PEGylation of FGF2 that avoids the binding sites for fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and heparin provides optimal pharmacokinetic enhancement with minimal losses to biological activity. Animal experiments demonstrate that PEGylated FGF2 exhibits greater efficacy in protecting against traumatic brain injury‐induced brain damage and neurological functions than the non‐modified FGF2. This rational structure‐based PEGylation strategy for protein modification is expected to have a major impact in the area of protein‐based therapeutics.
Laccase‐Mediated Catalyzed Fluorescent Reporter Deposition for Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Cisneros Brandon T. , Devaraj Neal K. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCatalyzed reporter deposition (CARD) is a widely established method for labeling biological samples analyzed using microscopy. Horseradish peroxidase, commonly used in CARD to amplify reporter signals, requires the addition of hydrogen peroxide, which may perturb samples used in live‐cell microscopy. Herein we describe an alternative method of performing CARD using a laccase enzyme, which does not require exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Laccase is an oxidative enzyme which can carry out single‐electron oxidations of phenols and related compounds by reducing molecular oxygen. We demonstrate proof‐of‐concept for this technique through the nontargeted covalent labeling of bovine serum albumin using a fluorescently labeled ferulic acid derivative as the laccase reporter substrate. We further demonstrate the viability of this approach by performing live‐cell CARD with an antibody‐conjugated laccase against a surface‐bound target. CARD using laccase produces an amplified fluorescence signal by labeling cells without the need for exogenous hydrogen peroxide.
A comparative study of the functionality and protein quality of a variety of legume and cereal flours
Authors: Stone Andrea K. , Nosworthy Matthew G. , Chiremba Constance , House James D. , Nickerson Michael T. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe functionality of legume and cereal flours is difficult to compare within the literature due to the lack of standardized methodologies and differences in processing methods. The aim of this research was to investigate the functional (pasting, water/oil holding, foaming, and emulsification) attributes and protein quality of flours derived from a wide range of cereal and legume market classes (Canada) for comparative purposes.FindingsOverall, legume flours (mean 1.77 g/g) had slightly higher oil holding capacities than cereal flours (mean 1.50 g/g), whereas their water hydration capacities were similar. In general, legume flours produced more foam with better stability than cereal flours. All legume flours had similar emulsifying properties, whereas for the cereals, oat flour had much lower emulsion stability (52.5%) than the other cereals examined (77.3%–97.7%). The in vitro protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (IV‐PDCAAS) of oat flour (62.46%) was much higher than that of wheat (~42%), whereas hull‐less barley (54.29%) was in between these values. Of the legumes studied, soybean and desi and kabuli chickpea flours had high protein quality (IV‐PDCAAS 72%–82%); red lentil was inferior to the aforementioned flours with an IV‐PDCAAS of 43.63%.ConclusionsLegume and cereal flours differed mostly in terms of their oil holding, foaming properties, emulsion activity and pasting properties. Selection of a cereal or legume flour will depend on the attributes desired.Significance and noveltyInformation relating to various legume and cereal flour functionality and nutritional quality will enable for better ingredient selection for various food applications.
Additive‐Free Electrophoretic Deposition of Graphene Quantum Dots Thin Films
Authors: Nguyen Tam D. , Geuli Ori , Yeo Loo Pin , Magdassi Shlomo , Mandler Daniel , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of graphene‐based materials on transparent substrates is highly potential for many applications. Several factors can determine the yield of the EPD process, such as applied voltage, deposition time and particularly the presence of dispersion additives (stabilisers) in the suspension solution. This study presents an additive‐free EPD of graphene quantum dot (GQD) thin films on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate and studies the deposition mechanism with the variation of the applied voltage (10–50 V) and deposition time (5–25 min). It is found that due to the small size (≈3.9 nm) and high content of deprotonated carboxylic groups, the GQDs form a stable dispersion (zeta‐potential of about −35 mV) without using additives. The GQD thin films can be deposited onto ITO with optimal surface morphology at 30 V in 5 min (surface roughness of approximately (3.1±1.3) nm). In addition, as‐fabricated GQD thin films also possess some interesting physico‐optical properties, such as a double‐peak photoluminescence at about λ=417 and 439 nm, with approximately 98 % visible transmittance. This low‐cost and eco‐friendly GQD thin film is a promising material for various applications, for example, transparent conductors, supercapacitors and heat conductive films in smart windows.
Porous Molybdenum Carbide Nanostructures Synthesized on Carbon Cloth by CVD for Efficient Hydrogen Production
Authors: He Mengci , Shi Hongyan , Wang Peng , Sun Xiudong , Gao Bo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMolybdenum carbide (Mo2C) is a promising noble‐metal‐free electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), due to its structural and electronic merits, such as high conductivity, metallic band states and wide pH applicability. Here, a simple CVD process was developed for synthesis of a Mo2C on carbon cloth (Mo2C@CC) electrode with carbon cloth as carbon source and MoO3 as the Mo precursor. XRD, Raman, XPS and SEM results of Mo2C@CC with different amounts of MoO3 and growth temperatures suggested a two‐step synthetic mechanism, and porous Mo2C nanostructures were obtained on carbon cloth with 50 mg MoO3 at 850 °C (Mo2C‐850(50)). With the merits of unique porous nanostructures, a low overpotential of 72 mV at current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 52.8 mV dec−1 was achieved for Mo2C‐850(50) in 1.0 m KOH. The dual role of carbon cloth as electrode and carbon source resulted into intimate adhesion of Mo2C on carbon cloth, offering fast electron transfer at the interface. Cyclic voltammetry measurements for 5000 cycles revealed that Mo2C@CC had excellent electrochemical stability. This work provides a novel strategy for synthesizing Mo2C and other efficient carbide electrocatalysts for HER and other applications, such as supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries.
Two‐Dimensional Organometallic TM3–C12S12 Monolayers for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Liu Jin‐Hang , Yang Li‐Ming , Ganz Eric 
Published: September 2019

Organometallic nanosheets are a versatile platform for design of efficient electrocatalyst materials due to their high surface area and uniform dispersion of metal active sites. In this paper, we systematically investigate the electrocatalytic performance of the first transition metal series TM3–C12S12 monolayers on CO2 using spin‐polarized density functional theory. The calculations show that TM3–C12S12 exhibits excellent catalytic activity and selectivity in the catalytic reduction in CO2. The main reduction products of Sc, Ti, and Cr are CH4. V, Mn, Fe and Zn mainly produce HCOOH, and Co produces HCHO, while CO is the main product for Ni and Cu. For Sc, Ti, and Cr, the overpotentials are >0.7 V, while for V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, the overpotentials are very low and range from 0.27 to 0.47 V. Therefore, our results indicate that many of the TM3–C12S12 monolayers are expected to be excellent and efficient CO2 reduction catalysts.
Silent left ventricular apical ballooning and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy in an Australian intensive care unit
Authors: Rowell Alexandra C. , Stedman Wade G. , Janin Pierre F. , Diel Naomi , Ward Michael R. , Kay Sharon M. , Delaney Anthony , Figtree Gemma A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsRecent reports have shown a high incidence of silent left ventricular apical ballooning (LVAB) in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting with potential implications for safe use of inotropes and vasopressors. We examined the incidence, predictors, and associated outcomes of LVAB in patients in a contemporary tertiary Australian ICU.Methods and resultsIn a prospective cohort study, patients were screened within 24 h of admission to the ICU and enrolled if they were deemed critically unwell based on mechanical ventilation, administration of >5 mg/min of noradrenaline, or need for renal replacement therapy. Exclusion criteria were a primary diagnosis of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, admission to ICU after cardiac surgery, or with acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. Echocardiography was performed, and the presence/absence of LVAB was documented. A total of 116 patients were enrolled of whom four had LVAB (3.5%, 95% confidence interval 0.9–8.6%). Female sex was the only baseline demographic or clinical characteristic associated with incident LVAB. Medical history, ICU admission indication, and choice of inotropes were not associated with increased risk. Patients with LVAB had no deaths and had similar lengths of ICU and hospital stay compared with patients with no LVAB.ConclusionsThe incidence of silent LVAB suggestive of TC was substantially lower in this study than recently reported in other international ICU settings. We did not observe a suggestion of worse outcomes. A larger, multi‐centre study, prospectively screening for LVAB may help understand any variation between centres and regions, with important implications for ICU management.
Statin Use and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Goh Myung Ji , Sinn Dong Hyun , Kim Seonwoo , Woo Sook Young , Cho Hyun , Kang Wonseok , Gwak Geum‐Youn , Paik Yong‐Han , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Koh Kwang Cheol , Paik Seung Woon 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
Statins have pleiotropic effects that may include chemoprevention. Several observational studies have suggested that statins may prevent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but they have not yet been fully studied in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections.

Approach and Results
A hospital‐based retrospective cohort of 7,713 chronic HBV‐infected individuals between January 2008 and December 2012 were analyzed. The primary outcome was the development of HCC. Patients who used statins for at least 28 cumulative defined daily doses during the follow‐up period were defined as statin users (n = 713). The association between the use of statin and the incidence of HCC was analyzed using the multivariable Cox regression model with time‐dependent covariates. During a median follow‐up of 7.2 years (min‐max: 0.5‐9.9), HCC newly developed in 702 patients (9.1%). Statin use was associated with a lower risk of HCC (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval: 0.19‐0.68, adjusted for age, sex, cirrhosis, diabetes, hypertension, serum alanine aminotransferase, cholesterol, HBV DNA level, antiviral treatment, and antiplatelet therapy). The observed benefit of the statin use was dose‐dependent (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.63 [0.31‐1.29]; 0.51 [0.21‐1.25]; 0.32 [0.07,1.36]; and 0.17 [0.06, 0.48] for patients with statin use of 28‐365, 366‐730, 731‐1095, and more than 1,095 cumulative defined daily doses, respectively). In subgroup analysis, the association between statin use and reduced risk of HCC was observed in all prespecified subgroups analyzed.

Conclusion
Statin use was associated with a reduced risk of HCC development in chronic HBV‐infected patients, suggesting that statins may have a chemopreventive role in this population. These findings warrant a prospective evaluation.