bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the human subcortical auditory system using histology, post mortem MRI and in vivo MRI at 7T
Authors: Sitek Kevin Richard , Gulban Omer Faruk , Calabrese Evan , Johnson G. Allan , Lage-Castellanos Agustin , Moerel Michelle , Ghosh Satrajit S. , De Martino Federico 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStudying the human subcortical auditory system non-invasively is challenging due to its small, densely packed structures deep within the brain. Additionally, the elaborate three-dimensional (3-D) structure of the system can be difficult to understand based on currently available 2-D schematics and animal models. We addressed these issues using a combination of histological data, post mortem magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in vivo MRI at 7 Tesla. We created anatomical atlases based on state-of-the-art human histology (BigBrain) and post mortem MRI (50 μm). We measured functional MRI (fMRI) responses to natural sounds and demonstrate that the functional localization of subcortical structures is reliable within individual participants who were scanned in two different experiments. Further, a group functional atlas derived from the functional data locates these structures with a median distance below 2mm. Using diffusion MRI tractography, we revealed structural connectivity maps of the human subcortical auditory pathway both in vivo (1050 μm isotropic resolution) and post mortem (200 μm isotropic resolution). This work captures current MRI capabilities for investigating the human subcortical auditory system, describes challenges that remain, and contributes novel, openly available data, atlases, and tools for researching the human auditory system.
Targeted volumetric single-molecule localization microscopy of defined presynaptic structures in brain sections
Authors: Pauli Martin , Paul Mila M. , Proppert Sven , Sharifi Marzieh , Repp Felix , Kollmannsberger Philip , Sauer Markus , Heckmann Manfred , Sirén Anna-Leena 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTRevealing the molecular organization of anatomically precisely defined brain regions is necessary for the refined understanding of synaptic plasticity. Although, three-dimensional (3D) single-molecule localization microscopy can provide the required molecular resolution, single-molecule imaging more than a few micrometers deep into tissue remains challenging. To quantify presynaptic active zones (AZ) of entire, large, conditional detonator hippocampal mossy fiber (MF) boutons with diameters as large as 10 µm, we developed a method for aberration-free volumetricdirectstochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). An optimized protocol for fast repeated axial scanning and efficient sequential labeling of the AZ scaffold Bassoon and membrane bound GFP with Alexa Fluor 647 enables 3D-dSTORM imaging of 25 µm thick mouse brain sections and assignment of AZs to specific neuronal substructures. Quantitative data analysis revealed large differences in Bassoon cluster size and density for distinct hippocampal regions with largest clusters in MF boutons.
Midgut Transcriptome Analysis ofClostera anachoretaTreated with Cry1Ac Toxin
Authors: Jie Liu , Liucheng Wang , Guona Zhou , Junxia Liu , Baojia Gao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractClostera anachoretais one of the important Lepidoptera insect pests in forestry, especially in poplars woods in China, Europe, Japan and India, et al, and also the target insect of Cry1Ac toxin and Bt plants. In this study, by using the different dosages of Btcry1Ac toxin to feed larvae and analyzing the transcriptome data, we found six genes, HSC70, GNB2L/RACK1, PNLIP, BI1-like, arylphorin type 2 and PKM, might be associated with Cry1Ac toxin. And PI3K-Akt pathway, which was highly enriched in DEGs and linked to several crucial pathways, including the B cell receptor signaling pathway, toll-like receptor pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway, might be involved in the recovery stage when response to sub-lethal Cry1Ac toxin. This is the first study conducted to specifically investigateC. anachoretaresponse to Cry toxin stress using large-scale sequencing technologies, and the results highlighted some important genes and pathway that could be involved in Btcry1Ac resistance development or could serve as targets for biologically-based control mechanisms of this insect pest.
Time course of the physiological stress response to an acute stressor and its associations with the primacy and recency effect of the serial position curve
Authors: Becker Linda , Rohleder Nicolas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhether stress affects memory depends on which stress pathway becomes activated and which specific memory system is involved. The activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), leads to a release of catecholamines. The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, leads to a release of glucocorticoids. In thus study, it was investigated whether SNS and/or HPA axis activation are associated with long-term memory (LTM) and/or working memory (WM) performance in humans. Thirty-three participants underwent the socially evaluated cold-pressor test. Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) was used as a marker for the activation of the SNS and cortisol as marker for HPA axis activation. Memory was assessed by means of word lists with 15 words each. The primacy effect (i.e., the correctly recalled words from the beginning of the lists) of the serial position curve was considered as indicator for LTM. The recency effect (i.e., the correctly recalled words from the end of the lists) were used as estimator for WM performance. In sAA responders, the recency effect and, therefore, WM performance increased immediately after the stressor. This was not found in sAA non-responders. In cortisol responders, the primacy effect and, thus, LTM performance decreased 20 minutes after the stressor. No change in LTM performance was found in cortisol non-responders. Our study supports the assumptions that 1) SNS activation is associated with WM processes via stimulation of the prefrontal cortex, and 2) HPA axis activation is associated with LTM processes through interactions with the hippocampus.
HIV-1 co-receptor usage and variable loop contact impacts V3 loop bnAb susceptibility
Authors: Registre Ludy , Moreau Yvetane , Ataca Sila Toksoz , Pulukuri Surya , Henrich Timothy J. , Lin Nina , Sagar Manish 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn clinical trials, HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) effectively lower plasma viremia and delay virus reemergence after antiretroviral treatment is stopped among infected individuals that have undetectable virus levels. Presence of less neutralization susceptible strains prior to treatment, however, decreases the efficacy of these antibody-based treatments. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein harbors extensive genetic variation, and thus, neutralization sensitivity often cannot be predicted by sequence analysis alone. Sequence-based prediction methods are needed because phenotypic-based assays are labor intensive and not sensitive. Based on the finding that phenotypically confirmed CXCR4- as compared to exclusive CCR5-utilizing strains are less neutralization sensitive, especially to variable loop 1 and 2 (V1-V2) and V3 loop bnAbs, we show that an algorithm that predicts receptor usage identifies envelopes with decreased V3 loop bnAb susceptibility. Homology modeling suggests that the primary V3 loop bnAb epitope is equally accessible among CCR5- and CXCR4-using strains although variants that exclusively use CXCR4 have V3 loop protrusions that interfere with CCR5 receptor interactions. On the other hand, homology modeling also shows that envelope V1 loop orientation interferes with V3 loop directed bnAb binding, and this accounts for decreased neutralization sensitivity in some but not all cases. Thus, there are likely different structural reasons for the co-receptor usage restriction and the differential bnAb susceptibility. Algorithms that use sequence data to predict receptor usage and antibody-envelope homology models can be used to identify variants with decreased sensitivity to V3 loop and potentially other bnAbs.AUTHOR SUMMARYHIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) therapies are effective, but the pre-existence of less susceptible variants may lead to therapeutic failure. Sequence-based methods are needed to predict pre-treatment variants’ neutralization sensitivity. HIV-1 strains that use the CXCR4 as compared to the CCR5 receptor are less neutralization susceptible, especially to V1-V2 and V3 loop bnAbs. A sequence-based algorithm that predicts receptor usage can identify envelope variants with decreased V3 loop bnAb susceptibility. While the inability to utilize the CCR5 receptor maps to a predicted protrusion in the envelope V3 loop, this viral determinant does not directly influence V3 loop bnAb sensitivity. Furthermore, homology modeling predicted contact between the envelope V1 loop and an antibody also impact V3 loop bnAb susceptibility in some but not all cases. An algorithm that predicts receptor usage and homology modeling can be used to predict sensitivity to bnAbs that target the V3 loop and potentially other envelope domains. These sequence-based methods will be useful as HIV-1 bnAbs enter the clinical arena.
International R&D alliances and innovation for emerging market multinationals: roles of environmental turbulence and knowledge transfer
Authors: Liu Yang , Deng Ping , Wei Jiang , Ying Ying , Tian Mu 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between environment turbulence, knowledge transfer and innovation performance for emerging market multinationals (EMNEs) in an asymmetric international R&D alliance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected through a survey of high-tech firms in Zhejiang Province of China from 2013 to 2015.FindingsInnovation performance of EMNEs is positively influenced by knowledge transfer activities (knowledge replication and knowledge adaption), technological and market turbulence, while negatively influenced by institutional turbulence. In addition, different aspects of environmental turbulence moderate the relationship between knowledge transfer practices and innovation performance of EMNEs differently.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies could use a longitudinal design to capture the dynamism driving innovation performance of EMNEs through R&D alliances.Practical implicationsPractical guidelines are provided particularly for EMNE managers on how to develop an innovation strategy by leveraging external knowledge, adaptive innovation and environmental turbulence.Originality/valueThis study deepens the knowledge of how EMNEs enhance their innovation by building the linkage between environmental turbulence and absorptive capacity through knowledge transfer activities in an asymmetric international R&D alliance.
Where do we go from here? The future of B2B governance research
Authors: Wathne Kenneth Henning , Fjeldstad Øystein D. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to identify promising areas for future business to business (B2B) governance research.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses a theoretical approach.FindingsMost governance research in marketing is conducted within the context of value chains (Porter 1985). There are great opportunities for governance researchers in marketing to improve the understanding of B2B relationships in problem solving and networking services. Moreover, rapid innovations taking place in networking services are changing the institutional environment across all forms of value creation. This in turn impacts how the nature and governance of relationships in the broader economy are understood.Originality/valueThe literature on B2B relationship governance is primarily rooted in one particular form of value creation, namely, the “value chain” (Porter, 1985). The authors examine whether the current conceptualization of B2B relationship governance is equally applicable for firms that have a different value creation logic and therefore engage in exchange relationships that differ in their object of exchange.
Community services and transforming care: reflections and considerations
Authors: Barnoux Magali 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the existing evidence base regarding community services for people with learning disabilities in the context of transforming care (TC).

Design/methodology/approach
Reflections and commentary on the provision of community services for people with learning disabilities following Washington et al.’s article on admissions and discharges from assessment and treatment units in England.

Findings
The existing evidence base pertaining to community learning disability teams in the UK is dated, sparse and methodologically weak. A greater focus on researching community services for people with learning disabilities is needed in order to inform best practice guidelines.

Originality/value
The success of the TC agenda is contingent on the provision of high quality community services. However, the focus has been on discharging individuals from hospital, rather than the support available to them once they leave.
Planning for the future: Modelling daily emergency department presentations in an Australian capital city
Authors: McAllan Fern J , Egerton‐Warburton Diana , O'Reilly Gerard , Weiland Tracey J , Jelinek George A 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe and model a decade of ED presentations in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, from July 2000 to June 2010 and to validate the model of ED presentations by testing the model's performance in forecasting the subsequent 2 year period of daily presentations, from July 2010 to June 2012.MethodsRetrospective analyses of prospectively collected data sourced from the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset were performed and included 13 public hospitals. Time series modelling involved unobserved components modelling and forward selection of variables using incidence rate ratios. Forecasting with the model and validation were performed using the 2 year period up to June 2012. Model performance was calculated using the mean average percentage error.ResultsA total of 7 031 242 patient presentations occurred to the sample metropolitan EDs in the 12 year study period. An absolute increase in mean daily ED presentations of 81.3% was observed. Presentations increased on Sunday and Monday incidence rate ratio of 1.10 (95% CI 1.08–1.11, P < 0.05). No monthly or seasonal pattern was evident. Public holidays were associated with increased presentations, incidence rate ratio of 1.11 (95% CI 1.08–1.15, P < 0.05). The model with the best goodness‐of‐fit and Wald χ2 value included Sunday–Monday (vs Tuesday–Saturday), public holidays, the trend of gradual increase over time and a stochastic (random white noise) cycle. The mean average percentage error for the 2 year forecast period was 3.6%.ConclusionWe have produced and validated a model for predicting daily ED presentations across a major city. Even though ED presentations are multifactorial, city‐wide daily presentations are predictable and explained by a small number of variables. The model will have implications for future health planning.
Emerging next‐generation robotic colonoscopy systems towards painless colonoscopy
Authors: Yeung Chung‐Kwong , Cheung Jo LK , Sreedhar Biji 
Published: March 2019

Advances in the field of robotics have allowed modern technology to be integrated into medicine and that can minimize patients suffering from the side effects that are inherent to procedures for improving their quality of life. Conventional devices that are used for colonoscopies are rigid and require a high level of expertise from endoscopists to perform the procedure. Advances in robot‐assisted colonoscopic systems now produce softer, more slender, automated designs that no longer require the operator to use forceful pushing to advance the colonoscope inside the colon, reducing risks to the patient of perforation and pain. It is challenging to reprocess these scopes for reuse as the materials used can be damaged during decontamination, leading to the possible risks of cross‐infection by pathogenic microorganisms when reused by patients. An ideal solution is to eliminate these contamination risks to patients by adopting sterile, single‐use scopes straight from the manufacturer's package to the patient.With this idea in mind, emerging developments that push the boundaries in this area will benefit patients and encourage the public to participate in and adhere better to colonoscopy screening to reduce the development of colorectal cancer. Thus, in light of these concerns and challenges, to encourage patients undergoing colorectal screening to comply with colonoscopy procedures that they are less invasive, changes in the design and materials are necessary. One of the more promising technological advances in this area is the advent of robotic colonoscopy.
The impact of endoscopic ultrasound in preoperative evaluation for ampullary adenomas
Authors: Peng Chun Yan , Lv Ying , Shen Shan Shan , Wang Lei , Ding Xi Wei , Zou Xiao Ping 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in assessing locoregionally and determining therapeutic options for ampullary adenomas and the related factors.MethodsPatients undergoing EUS and surgical or endoscopic resection for biopsy‐proven ampullary adenomas between 2009 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The depth of tumor invasion, intraductal extension, and regional lymph node staging evaluated by EUS were compared with post‐treatment pathological findings.ResultsAltogether 120 patients were enrolled in this study. The overall accuracy for EUS in T staging was 81.7%. The sensitivity and specificity of EUS for T staging were 93.9%, 45.5% for adenoma and T1, 50.0% and 96.5% for T2, 66.7% and 97.4% for T3, 50.0% and 97.5% for T4 lesions, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EUS for the diagnosis of any intraductal extension were 89.5%, 86.1%, and 86.7%, respectively. The overall accuracy of EUS for regional lymph node staging was 75.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of EUS for diagnosing N1 were 62.5% and 87.5%. By multivariate analysis no factors were found to be independently associated with EUS accuracy for tumor invasive depth. However, small lesion size (≤15 mm) and dilated duct were associated with an overestimation in intraductal extension.ConclusionEUS may be a useful diagnostic tool for selecting endoscopic or surgical treatment for ampullary adenomas.
Novel bioactive natural products from bacteria via bioprospecting, genome mining and metabolic engineering
Authors: Sekurova Olga N. , Schneider Olha , Zotchev Sergey B. 
Published: March 2019

SummaryFor over seven decades, bacteria served as a valuable source of bioactive natural products some of which were eventually developed into drugs to treat infections, cancer and immune system‐related diseases. Traditionally, novel compounds produced by bacteria were discovered via conventional bioprospecting based on isolation of potential producers and screening their extracts in a variety of bioassays. Over time, most of the natural products identifiable by this approach were discovered, and the pipeline for new drugs based on bacterially produced metabolites started to run dry. This mini‐review highlights recent developments in bacterial bioprospecting for novel compounds that are based on several out‐of‐the‐box approaches, including the following: (i) targeting bacterial species previously unknown to produce any bioactive natural products, (ii) exploring non‐traditional environmental niches and methods for isolation of bacteria and (iii) various types of ‘genome mining’ aimed at unravelling genetic potential of bacteria to produce secondary metabolites. All these approaches have already yielded a number of novel bioactive compounds and, if used wisely, will soon revitalize drug discovery pipeline based on bacterial natural products.
Drug Order in Rapid Sequence Intubation
Authors: Driver Brian E. , Klein Lauren R. , Prekker Matthew E. , Cole Jon B. , Satpathy Rajesh , Kartha Gautham , Robinson Aaron , Miner James R. , Reardon Robert F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe optimal order of drug administration (sedative first vs. neuromuscular blocking agent first) in rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is debated.ObjectiveWe sought to determine if RSI drug order was associated with the time elapsed from administration of the first RSI drug to the end of a successful first intubation attempt.MethodsWe conducted a planned secondary analysis of a randomized trial of adult ED patients undergoing emergency orotracheal intubation that demonstrated higher first‐attempt success with bougie use compared to a tracheal tube + stylet. Drug choice, dose, and the order of sedative and neuromuscular blocking agent were not stipulated. We analyzed trial patients who received both a sedative and a neuromuscular blocking agent within 30 seconds of each other who were intubated successfully on the first attempt. The primary outcome was the time elapsed from complete administration of the first RSI drug to the end of the first intubation attempt, a surrogate outcome for apnea time. We performed a multivariable analysis using a mixed‐effects generalized linear model.ResultsOf 757 original trial patients, 562 patients (74%) met criteria for analysis; 153 received the sedative agent first, and 409 received the neuromuscular blocking agent first. Administration of the neuromuscular blocking agent before the sedative agent was associated with a reduction in time from RSI administration to the end of intubation attempt of 6 seconds (95% confidence interval = 0 to 11 sec).ConclusionAdministration of either the neuromuscular blocking or the sedative agent first are both acceptable. Administering the neuromuscular blocking agent first may result in modestly faster time to intubation. For now, it is reasonable for physicians to continue performing RSI in the way they are most comfortable with. If future research determines that the order of medication administration is not associated with awareness of neuromuscular blockade, administration of the neuromuscular blocking agent first may be a logical default administration method to attempt to minimize apnea time during intubation.
Do Social Rights Affect Social Outcomes?
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian , Mchangama Jacob 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhile the United Nations and NGOs are pushing for global judicialization of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESCRs), little is known of their consequences. We provide evidence of the effects of introducing three types of ESCRs into the constitution: the rights to education, health, and social security. Employing a large panel covering annual data from 160 countries in the period 1960–2010, we find no robust evidence of positive effects of ESCRs. We do, however, document adverse medium‐term effects on education, inflation, and civil rights.