bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic and neuroendocrine adaptations to undernutrition in anorexia nervosa: from a clinical to a basic research point of view
Authors: Viltart Odile , Duriez Philibert , Tolle Virginie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The exact mechanisms linking metabolic and neuroendocrine adaptations to undernutrition and the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) are not fully understood. AN is a psychiatric disorder of complex etiology characterized by extreme starvation while the disease is progressing into a chronic state. Metabolic and endocrine alterations associated to this disorder are part of a powerful response to maintain whole body energy homeostasis. But these modifications may also contribute to associated neuropsychiatric symptoms (reward abnormalities, anxiety, depression) and thus participate to sustain the disease. The current review presents data with both a clinical and basic research point of view on the role of nutritional and energy sensors with neuroendocrine actions in the pathophysiology of the disease, as they modulate metabolic responses, reproductive functions, stress responses as well as physical activity. While clinical data present a full description of changes occurring in AN, animal models that integrate either spontaneous genetic mutations or experimentally-induced food restriction with hyperactivity and/or social stress recapitulate the main metabolic and endocrine alterations of AN and provide mechanistic information between undernutrition state and symptoms of the disease. Further progress on the central and peripheral mechanism involved in the pathophysiology of eating disorders partly relies on the development and/or refinement of existing animal models to include recently identified genetic traits and better mimic the complex and multifactorial dimensions of the disease.
Investigating adolescents’ sweetened beverage consumption and Western fast food restaurant visits in China, 2006–2011
Authors: Lee Yen-Han , Chiang Timothy C. , Liu Ching-Ti , Chang Yen-Chang 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
China has undergone rapid Westernization and established dramatic social reforms since the early 21st century. However, health issues led to challenges in the lives of the Chinese residents. Western fast food and sweetened beverages, two food options associated with chronic diseases and obesity, have played key roles to alter adolescents’ dietary patterns. This study aims to examine the association between adolescents’ visits to Western fast food restaurants and sweetened beverage consumption.

Methods
Applying three waves of the China Health and Nutrition Study (CHNS) between 2006 and 2011 (n = 1063), we used generalized Poisson regression (GPR) to investigate the association between adolescents’ Western fast food restaurant visits and sweetened beverage consumption, as the popularity of fast food and sweetened beverages has skyrocketed among adolescents in contemporary China. A linear-by-linear association test was used as a trend test to study general patterns between sweetened beverage consumption and Western fast food restaurant visits. We adjusted all models with sweetened beverage consumption frequency, four food preferences (fast food, salty snacks, fruits and vegetables), school status, gross household income, provinces, rural/urban regions, age and gender.

Results
From the results of the trend test, frequent sweetened beverage consumption was highly associated with more Western fast food restaurant visits among Chinese adolescents in the three waves (p < 0.001). Furthermore, we observed that adolescents, who had less than monthly sweetened beverage consumption or did not drink them at all, had much less likelihood of visiting Western fast food restaurants (p < 0.05), compared with those daily consumers.

Conclusion
Adolescents’ sweetened beverage consumption was highly associated with Western fast food restaurant visits in contemporary China. Further actions are needed from the Chinese central government to create a healthier dietary environment for adolescents.
A Green Process for Synthesis of Geraniol Esters by Immobilized Lipase from Candida Antarctica B Fraction in Non-Aqueous Reaction Media: Optimization and Kinetic Modeling
Authors: Yadav Ganapati D. , Kamble Manoj P. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of molecules such as flavors, perfumes and fragrances has a great commercial advantage of being marketed as “natural” and also it offers exquisite selectivity of enzymes that can be superior over chemical catalysis. The current work focuses on the enzymatic synthesis of geranyl acetate as model compound, including optimization of reaction conditions such as nature of catalyst, reaction media, speed of agitation, mole ratio and temperature. A variety of esters were also synthesized. Geraniol was esterified with various acids, aromatic esters and vinyl esters in 1:4 molar ratio. Among all vinyl ester was the best giving in good yield (77–100 %) as compared to aromatic esters (5–82 %) and acids (7–31 %). Novozym 435 was found to be most active catalyst with ~96 % conversion and 100 % selectivity in 60 min at 55 °C in n-heptane as solvent for geranyl acetate. The maximum reaction rate was estimated (Vmax = 0.2712 mol L−1 min-1) by using the double reciprocal plot. It is a ternary complex (ordered bi-bi) mechanism with inhibition by geraniol.
Modelling a Disconnect Switch
Authors: Miguel Pablo Mourente 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article presents a model to simulate disconnecting switches in transient studies. The distance between contacts of a disconnecting switch does not change instantaneously; it takes several seconds to complete the full movement from closed to open, or vice-versa. The disconnecting switches are able to operate with lower current amplitudes, so a disconnecting switch is operated only when the circuit breaker is in open position. However, even with the circuit breaker open, there is a current flowing through the grading capacitors. The grading capacitors in conjunction with the busbar capacitance form a capacitive divider, and there is a floating voltage in the busbar. When the contacts of the disconnecting switch move, the withstand voltage varies and an electric arc appears. This arc is unstable and is interrupted and reignited several times. Each arc reignition causes a sudden voltage change that propagates through the busbar and impacts any connected equipment.
The developed model, with the withstand voltage variation and the electric arc behaviour taken into account, calculates the fast transient overvoltages originated during a disconnecting switch operation. The amplitude and waveform of these overvoltages may then be used to evaluate the impact on insulation ageing.
Characterization of Red Seaweed Extracts Treated by Water, Acid and Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Al-Alawi Ahmed , Chitra Pothiraj , Al-Mamun Abdullah , Al-Marhubi Insaaf , Rahman Mohammad Shafiur 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Seaweed contained health functional polysaccharides and polyphenols. Five extracts were prepared from red seaweed Melanothamnus somalensis; two of these were aqueous at 20°C (F1) and 70°C (F2), followed by acid (F3), alkali (F4) and acid-washed (F5) treatments. Molecular characteristics of extracts were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Health functionality was determined by sulfate and polyphenol contents, and thermal characteristics were determined by modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Extract F3 contained the highest levels of sulfate followed by F2, F1, F4 and F5, respectively. Similarly, F3 contained the highest polyphenol followed by F4, F2, F1 and F5, respectively. Molecular weight distribution of F1 showed wider distribution of sizes (MW: 1.0 × 103 – 3.0 × 107), and F5 showed a sharp peak (MW: 3.1 × 103); whereas F2, F3 and F4 indicated bimodal distribution. FTIR indicated that all fractions contained agar except F5 and sulfate ester group was attached to carbon 6 of the saccharide.
Exploring and Improving Student Engagement in an Accelerated Undergraduate Nursing Program through a Mentoring Partnership: An Action Research Study
Authors: Bramble Marguerite , Maxwell Hazel , Einboden Rochelle , Farington Sally , Say Richard , Beh Chin Liang , Stankiewicz Grace , Munro Graham , Marembo Esther , Rickard Greg 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis Participatory Action Research (PAR) project aimed to engage students from an accelerated 'fast track' nursing program in a mentoring collaboration, using an interdisciplinary partnership intervention with a group of academics. Student participants represented the disciplines of nursing and paramedicine with a high proportion of culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) students. Nine student mentors were recruited and paired with academics for a three-month ‘mentorship partnership’ intervention. Data from two pre-intervention workshops and a post-intervention workshop were coded in NVivo11 using thematic analysis. Drawing on social inclusion theory, a qualitative analysis explored an iteration of themes across each action cycle. Emergent themes were: 1) ‘building relationships for active engagement’, 2) ‘voicing cultural and social hierarchies’, and 3) ‘enacting collegiate community’. The study offers insights into issues for contemporary accelerated course delivery with a diverse student population and highlights future strategies to foster effective student engagement.
Resorbable implants in pediatric fracture treatment
Authors: Grün Nicole Gabriele , Holweg Patrick Lukas , Donohue Nicholas , Klestil Thomas , Weinberg Annelie-Martina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPediatric osteosynthesis has developed over the last 20 years, thereby reducing medical and economic burden, including long and expensive hospitalization. Currently, conventional and rigid alloying systems such as titanium are used for stabilization of bone fractures in children. In many cases, implants must be removed, as otherwise growth would be impeded. Biodegradable implant materials exhibit beneficial properties and would make a second removal surgery unnecessary. In the following article, we will give an overview of implant materials that are currently used in pediatric traumatology with a focus on Mg-based implants. Furthermore, we will discuss current scientific knowledge on resorbable implants, including results from pre-clinics and clinics.
Subvariety structures in certain product varieties of groups
Authors: Mikaelian Vahagn H. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We classify certain cases when the wreath products of distinct pairs of groups generate the same variety. This allows us to investigate the subvarieties of some nilpotent-by-abelian product varieties

𝔘
⁢
𝔙

{{\mathfrak{U}}{\mathfrak{V}}}

with the help of wreath products of groups. In particular, using wreath products, we find such subvarieties in nilpotent-by-abelian

𝔘
⁢
𝔙

{{\mathfrak{U}}{\mathfrak{V}}}

, which have the same nilpotency class, the same length of solubility, and the same exponent, but which still are distinct subvarieties. The classification we obtain strengthens our recent work on varieties generated by wreath products.
Finite groups satisfying character degree congruences
Authors: Schmid Peter 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Let G be a finite group, p a prime and

c
∈

{
0
,
1
,
…
,

p
-
1

}

{c\in\{0,1,\ldots,p-1\}}

. Suppose that the degree of every nonlinear irreducible
character of G is congruent to c modulo p. If here

c
=
0

{c=0}

, then G has a normal p-complement by a well known theorem of Thompson.
We prove that in the cases where

c
≠
0

{c\neq 0}

the group G is solvable with a normal abelian Sylow p-subgroup. If

p
≠
3

{p\neq 3}

then this is true
provided these character degrees are congruent to c or to

-
c

{-c}

modulo p.
The effect of regional sea level atmospheric pressure on sea level variations at globally distributed tide gauge stations with long records
Authors: Iz H. Bâki 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This study provides additional information about the impact of atmospheric pressure on sea level variations. The observed regularity in sea level atmospheric pressure depends mainly on the latitude and verified to be dominantly random closer to the equator. It was demonstrated that almost all the annual and semiannual sea level variations at 27 globally distributed tide gauge stations can be attributed to the regional/local atmospheric forcing as an inverted barometric effect. Statistically significant non-linearities were detected in the regional atmospheric pressure series, which in turn impacted other sea level variations as compounders in tandem with the lunar nodal forcing, generating lunar sub-harmonics with multidecadal periods. It was shown that random component of regional atmospheric pressure tends to cluster at monthly intervals. The clusters are likely to be caused by the intraannual seasonal atmospheric temperature changes,which may also act as random beats in generating sub-harmonics observed in sea level changes as another mechanism. This study also affirmed that there are no statistically significant secular trends in the progression of regional atmospheric pressures, hence there was no contribution to the sea level trends during the 20th century by the atmospheric pressure.Meanwhile, the estimated nonuniform scale factors of the inverted barometer effects suggest that the sea level atmospheric pressure will bias the sea level trends inferred from satellite altimetry measurements if their impact is accounted for as corrections without proper scaling.
Out of gas: quantifying fatigue in MLB relievers
Authors: Burris Kyle , Coleman Jacob 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
As relief pitcher usage in Major League Baseball has spiked in recent years, optimal bullpen decision-making has become increasingly vital for team managers. Throughout the season, managers must be mindful to avoid overusing their most talented relievers, due to the risks of injury and ineffectiveness. Despite the substantial amount of attention given to pitcher arm health and injury prevention, the effect of workload on pitcher fatigue is poorly understood. As a result, many of these overuse decisions are driven by feel and intuition. In this paper, we borrow ideas from toxicology to provide a framework for estimating the effect of recent workload on short-term reliever effectiveness, as measured by fastball velocity. Treating a thrown pitch as a fatigue-inducing “toxin” administered to a player’s arm, we develop a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the pitcher-level dose-response relationship, the rate of recovery, and the relationship between pitch count and fatigue. Based on the model, we find that the rate of reliever fatigue rises with increasing pitch count. When relief pitchers throw more than 15 pitches in an appearance, they are expected to suffer small, short-term velocity decreases in future games; upon crossing the 20 pitch threshold, this dip is further amplified. For each day that passes after the appearance, we estimate that the effect on a player’s velocity is cut roughly in half. Finally, we identify the relievers most affected by fatigue, along with those most resilient to its effects.
Definition, classification and diagnostics of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Petersmann Astrid , Nauck Matthias , Müller-Wieland Dirk , Kerner Wolfgang , Müller Ulrich A. , Landgraf Rüdiger , Freckmann Guido , Heinemann Lutz 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This recommendation aims to provide up-to-date information and the latest consensus on diabetes diagnosis from a group of experts in Germany. The disease diabetes mellitus is classified and its different types are described briefly. Options for diagnosis are presented including current cut-off values as well as reference intervals to recognize glucose utilization disorders like impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance. Special attention is paid to the measurement value imprecision. The minimal difference (MD) is introduced as an excellent measure to distinguish measurement results which are analytically different from each other. Potential caveats considering pre-analytics in glucose measurement and limitations of HbA1c assessment for diagnosis of diabetes mellitus are presented. Taken together, this recommendation provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in diabetes mellitus diagnosis and also critically evaluates potential pitfalls.

The aim of recommendations like this one issued by the German Diabetes Association is to provide the diabetologist and his team the information he needs for his daily practice. These recommendations are updated annually. They are written by a group of experts, but they are not evidence-based guidelines. This specific recommendation for diabetes diagnosis briefly describes the diabetes types and the different options for diagnosis. Also the caveats and the practical procedure are presented.
Expansion of the North African ground squirrel Atlantoxerus getulus (Rodentia) along the Moroccan Mid-Atlantic Plains
Authors: Rihane Abdeslam , El Hamoumi Rhimou , El Agbani Mohamed Aziz , Qninba Abdeljebbar , Denys Christiane 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The North African ground squirrel, Atlantoxerus getulus, is a Maghreb endemic whose northern limit in the central Atlantic plains of Morocco was located south of the Safi city. New observations show that the species is extending its range in the central Atlantic plains of Morocco and provide indications about its ecology in the new range. Field observations and enquiries of local populations conducted in the spring and summer of 2017 found the species 50 km further from the old limit. This expansion to the north along the Atlantic coast seems to have occurred recently and the species has become rather abundant only since 2–4 years. Atlantoxerus getulus settled in various habitats: low walls (52.8% of cases), abandoned quarries (18.9%), rock piles (stones) (15.1%), cliffs (7.5%) and traditional abandoned reservoirs (5.7%). The diet of this species in the region includes wild plants, cereals, and some damages to cultivated legumes and fruits are observed. In this conquest of new territories in the North Abda region, the anthropogenic habits of this squirrel may have negative effects on the human, poultry and livestock health.
Theory of Share Tenancy after 50 Years
Authors: Cheung Steven N.S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This paper was prepared for "The Theory of Share Tenancy: After 50 Years," a conference organized by The Ronald Coase Center for Property Rights Research at the University of Hong Kong, November 24-26, 2017. The paper first appeared in Chinese as a series of column articles in ifeng.com (凤凰网). The author traces the complex intellectual origins of The Theory of Share Tenancy and an adventurous career that followed.
Successful endovascular therapy in an elderly patient with severe hemorrhage caused by traumatic injury
Authors: Murata Masato , Aoki Makoto , Hagiwara Shuichi , Sekihara Masao , Kohri Takayuki , Shibuya Kei , Koike Norimasa , Miyazaki Dai , Oshima Kiyohiro 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An 85-year-old female suffered pelvic fracture, multiple rib fractures, right hemopneumothorax, and blunt abdominal aortic injury in a traffic accident. After transfer to our hospital, transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was performed immediately for hemorrhage from the bilateral internal iliac arteries. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) after TAE showed an increase of hematoma and extravasation at the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta. Therefore, emergency abdominal endovascular aortic repair was performed on the same day. On the 3rd day after transfer, metabolic acidosis worsened suddenly, and enhanced CT revealed intestinal necrosis. Emergency surgery for the intestinal necrosis was performed. The patient was transferred to the previous hospital on the 31st day after transfer. Endovascular treatment is useful for elderly patients with severe trauma. However, the preservation and/or reconstruction of the blood flow to important organs should be monitored.
Positive μ-pseudo almost periodic solutions for some nonlinear infinite delay integral equations arising in epidemiology using Hilbert’s projective metric
Authors: Ezzinbi Khalil , Ziat Mohamed 
Published: May 2018

Abstract The purpose of this work is to give sufficient conditions which guarantee the existence and the uniqueness of positive μ-pseudo almost periodic solutions for the nonlinear infinite delay integral equation . We improve the original work of [H. S. Ding, Y. Y. Chen and G. M. N’Guérékata, Existence of positive pseudo almost periodic solutions to a class of neutral integral equations, Nonlinear Analysis. Theorey, Methods and Applications 74 (2011) 7356-7364] by dropping the hypotheses of monotonicity on the functions f and h. The main results are proved by using the Hilbert’s projective metric combined with the contraction mapping principle. Our results can deal with some cases to which many results are not applicable. An example is provided to illustrate the main results of this work.
Nonconventional metasurfaces: from non-Hermitian coupling, quantum interactions, to skin cloak
Authors: Ren Xuexin , Jha Pankaj K. , Wang Yuan , Zhang Xiang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMetasurfaces are optically thin layers of subwavelength resonators that locally tailor the electromagnetic response at the nanoscale. Our metasurface research aims at developing novel designs and applications of metasurfaces that go beyond the classical regimes. In contrast to conventional phase gradient metasurfaces where each meta-atom responds individually, we are interested in developing metasurfaces where neighboring meta-atoms are strongly coupled. By engineering a non-Hermitian coupling between the meta-atoms, new degrees of freedom are introduced and novel functionalities can be achieved. We are also interested in combining classical metasurface with quantum emitters, which may offer opportunities for on-chip quantum technologies. Additionally, we have been designing metasurfaces to realize exciting phenomena and applications, such as ultrathin metasurface cloak and strong photonic spin-Hall effect. In this paper, we review our research efforts in optical metasurfaces in the past few years, which ranges from conventional to novel type of metasurface and from classical to quantum regime.
Crystal structure of aqua-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzoato-κ1
O)-(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)copper(II), C28H26CuN2O9
Authors: He Guofang , Sun Junshan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C28H26CuN2O9, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 12.3146(11) Å, b = 11.1769(10) Å, c = 19.3856(17) Å, β = 101.012(1), V = 2619.1(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0350, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1005, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[octaaqua-bis(μ2-4,6-dicarboxyisophthalate-κ2
O:O′)cadmium(II)disodium(I)] dihydrate, C20H28CdNa2O26
Authors: Xue Ya-Li , Zhang Ai-Yun , Zhao Dan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C20H28CdNa2O26, monoclinic, C2/m (no. 12), a = 7.4169(8) Å, b = 20.183(2) Å, c = 10.5403(11) Å, β = 103.5520(10)°, V = 1533.9(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0434, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1271, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 1-phenyl-N′-(1-phenyl-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonyl)-5-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carbohydrazide, C28H20N6O2S2
Authors: Baashen Mohammed , Abdel-Wahab Bakr F. , Hegazy Amany S. , Kariuki Benson M. , El-Hiti Gamal A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C28H20N6O2S2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.6738(6) Å, b = 11.7869(7) Å, c = 12.5381(7) Å, α = 112.842(6)°, β = 91.963(4)°, γ = 116.129(6)°, V = 1264.38(15) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0523, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1390, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of bis(acetonitrile)-diaqua-dichloridoiron(II), C4H10Cl2N2O2Fe
Authors: Zuo Jian 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
C4H10Cl2N2O2Fe, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 7.8501(10) Å, b = 7.8289(10) Å, c = 8.2974(17) Å, β = 97.840(2), V = 505.17(14) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0447, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1237, T = 298(2) K.