bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stone Babies: A Pictorial Essay With Insights From 25 Museal Lithopaedions
Authors: Boer Lucas L. , Wasserscheid Andreas , Winter Eduard , de Rooy Laurens , Schepens‐Franke Annelieke N. , Magno Giovanni , Cusan Alice , Rehder Helga , Behunova Jana , Scharrer Anke , Lobé Nick , Peloschek Philipp , Oostra Roelof‐Jan , Kircher Susanne G. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLithopaedion, or “stone baby,” represents an exceptionally rare clinical phenomenon with fewer than 350 documented cases existing in the medical literature. This condition arises when an advanced extrauterine pregnancy ceases its developmental trajectory and undergoes a lithification process, potentially resulting in a calcified mass with fetal‐like morphology. Typically, lithopaedions remain asymptomatic for decades, but may occasionally elicit acute symptoms necessitating medical intervention. However, predominantly, these entities are incidental findings discovered during radiological examinations or autopsies.ResultsIn this article, we present a comprehensive overview of 25 lithopaedion cases, including unreported cases from several European medical museums. When feasible, additional radiological imaging was conducted to enhance diagnostic clarity. Furthermore, this article situates lithopaedions within a broader historical perspective and a detailed etiopathogenetic framework, elucidating the physiological and pathological mechanisms contributing to their formation. The phenomenon of lithopaedion is a testimony to the complex and often enigmatic nature of the human body.ConclusionsBy compiling and scrutinizing a substantial number of cases, this review offers valuable insights into the clinical implications of lithopaedions. Furthermore, it highlights the necessity for ongoing research and meticulous documentation of rare medical conditions like this, in order to contribute to a deeper understanding of extraordinary phenomena.
Effect of Upper Robot‐Assisted Training on Upper Limb Motor, Daily Life Activities, and Muscular Tone in Patients With Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Su Tingting , Wang Mengting , Chen Zhouyang , Feng Liang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundUpper limb rehabilitation robot is a relatively new technology, but its effectiveness remains debatable due to the inconsistent results of clinical trials. This article intends to assess how upper limb rehabilitation robots help the functional recovery of stroke patients.MethodsPubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were searched for eligible studies to explore the effect of upper limb rehabilitation robots on upper limb motor function, muscle tone, and daily living activities.ResultsEighteen trials with 573 stroke patients met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that compared to conventional rehabilitation training, patients who received upper limb robotic therapy (RT) had significantly improved Fugl‐Meyer Upper Extremity Motor Assessment (FMA‐UE) scores (weighted mean differences [WMD]: 5.27, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 3.36, 7.17), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) scores (WMD: 4.07, 95% CI: −4.14, 12.28), Modified Barthel Index (MBI) scores (WMD: 9.55, 95% CI: 6.37, 12.73), and modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) scores (WMD: −0.28, 95% CI: −0.50, 0.06), with no significant heterogeneity.ConclusionsUpper limb robot–assisted training is superior to conventional training in terms of improving upper limb motor impairment, ability to perform daily living activities, and muscle tone recovery, which supports the application of robots in clinical practice.
Mad honey disease: A challenging encounter in the emergency department
Authors: Khan Sajjad Ahmed , Luitel Anish , Poudel Rasmita , Aryal Bijita , Rauniyar Vivek K. , Parajuli Surya Bahadur 
Published: November 2024

Key Clinical MessageBe aware of potential severe interactions between aged honey containing grayanotoxins and alcohol. Such combinations can exacerbate symptoms like syncope and hypotension, especially in elderly patients with pre‐existing conditions, necessitating careful evaluation and management.
PROTOCOL: The association between adverse childhood experiences and employment outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Obse Amarech , Gkaintatzi Evdoxia , McCrone Paul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere is growing evidence of a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and health and economic outcomes. Previous systematic reviews synthesised evidence of the relationships between ACEs and various health and some economic outcomes such as healthcare costs and educational attainment. The primary aim of this systematic review is to synthesise the evidence on the relationship between ACEs and employment outcomes. MEDLINE, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection (APA PsycInfo), ECONLIT, Sociological Abstracts, Social Science Research Network (SSRN) and Scopus will be searched using a predefined search strategy. Cross‐sectional, cohort, or longitudinal studies published between 2000 and 2024 will be included. ACEs include abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, bullying, foster care, and racism that occur during childhood or adolescence. Employment outcomes include employment status, occupation, and income. Risk of bias of individual studies will be assessed using appropriate NHLBI‐NHI quality assessment tools for each type of study. Proportions or means will be used to analyse and compare outcomes. If data allows, we will conduct meta‐analysis. Sub‐group analyses (e.g., by gender, age group, type and number of ACEs, and intersections of identities of study subjects will be conducted. Further analysis will be conducted to assess the mediators of the effect of ACEs on employment outcomes. By sythesising evidence of the association between ACEs and economic wellbeing later in life, this review will add evidence to the broader literature on poverty. The results of this synthesis will inform policies on child welfare and employment. Results of the review will be published in a peer‐reviewed journal.
Strategies for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Invasive Fungal Sinusitis Involving the Skull Base or Orbit Based on the Background of Multidisciplinary Team Discussion
Authors: Li Yuanchao , Wang Heyan , Chen Feng , Zhang Sisi , Ma Xiaofeng , Liu Yongze 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTTo explore the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of chronic invasive fungal sinusitis involving the skull base or orbit based on the background of multidisciplinary team discussion and to provide a basis for clinical practice. The clinical data of five patients with chronic invasive fungal sinusitis involving the skull base or orbit admitted to the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of Drum Tower Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine from July 2017 to February 2024, were retrospectively analysed. The diagnosis and treatment strategies were all formulated after the MDT discussion. Nasal endoscopic surgery dominated the treatment protocol. Surgery was completed while ensuring the integrity of the dura mater or orbital periosteum. During surgery, we remove the lesion as thoroughly as possible and open the sinuses to improve their drainage function. The efficacy of the surgery was comprehensively analysed in the postoperative period. None of the five patients had serious complications such as ocular motor or visual dysfunction, cerebrospinal fluid leakage or intracranial infection after surgery. Four of them were cured after comprehensive treatment and had no recurrence after 5–84 months of follow‐up; one case had a wider range of lesions, but the patient did not follow the recommended antifungal treatment after surgery and had a recurrence 5 months after surgery; after the recurrence, the patient underwent a second endoscopic surgery and actively cooperated with the antifungal treatment, there were no complications after the second surgery and there was no recurrence after 78 months of follow‐up. For patients with chronic invasive fungal sinusitis involving the skull base or orbits, the diagnosis and treatment plan are formulated through MDT discussion before surgery, and the lesions are resected with the assistance of image navigation and the plasma system to protect the natural barrier of the dura mater or orbital periosteum from being breached, so as to achieve the purpose of removing the lesions and clearing the sinus drainage, and then supplemented with antifungal treatment. In this way, we can achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects while reducing nose–brain and nose–eye complications and improving the prognosis.
Protective Effects of Some Graded Iranian Honey Samples Against Cold Water Immersion‐Induced Gastric Ulcers in Rats
Authors: Mohammadi Yaser , Tahergorabi Zoya , Sharifzadeh Gholam Reza , Rajabi Moghadam Mahdieh , Zarban Asghar 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTHoney has a rich history of treating gastrointestinal diseases due to its diverse bioactive compounds. This study evaluated the protective effects of select Iranian honeys against cold water immersion stress (CWIS)‐induced ulcers in rats. Forty male Wistar rats (250–280 g) were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5): control, CWIS, and groups treated with strong (eucalyptus, Annaab, and Jangale) and weak honeys (Chand Giah, Sumaq, Gaz) + CWIS. Honey selection was based on antioxidant capacity, phenolic content, and protein concentration. Rats received 20% honey in water (1 mL/kg) orally twice daily for 14 days; controls received water. After a 24‐h fast, rats underwent 3‐h CWIS to induce ulcers. Serum samples were analyzed for malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiol groups, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) levels. Stomachs were assessed for ulcer severity (gastric ulcer index), gastric juice volume, and histopathological changes. Honey types were categorized as strong (eucalyptus, Annaab, and Jangale) or weak (Chand Giah, Sumaq, and Gaz) based on total phenolic content, antioxidant effects (FRAP and DPPH), and protein levels. Ulcer group showed significant increases in MDA (64%) and TNF‐α and IL‐6 levels (98.5% and 111.6%), and decreases in ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1 picrylhydrazyl (FRAP, DPPH, and thiol levels [26%, 14.39%, and 26%]) compared to controls. Strong honey groups exhibited 50% lower gastric ulcer index compared to weak honey groups. This study showed that strong honeys, due to their higher phenolic, total protein, and antioxidant content, offer greater protection against gastric damage and oxidative stress compared to weaker honeys. These results highlight the importance of bioactive compounds in honey's therapeutic properties. Therefore, high‐quality honeys with higher phenolic content can be considered as therapeutic supplements for gastrointestinal disorders, especially those caused by oxidative stress and inflammation.
Interactions between pregnant women's nutrition habits, psychological well‐beings, sleep quality and biochemical parameters
Authors: Özkan Halis Doğukan , Güney Hilal Doğan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveHormonal changes during pregnancy may cause various changes in biological, physiologic and psychosocial areas. The main objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between dietary habits, psychological well‐being, sleep quality and biochemical parameters of pregnant women.MethodsThe study was conducted on a total of 93 patients who applied to Ankara Koru Sincan Hospital Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic for routine pregnancy control between November–December 2023, were between the ages of 18–45, had a live singleton fetus, had no diagnosed psychiatric disease or chronic disease, and agreed to participate in the study. Anthropometric measurements and biochemical findings of the individuals were recorded with a questionnaire including the psychological well‐being scale (PWBS) and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).ResultsAccording to the study, PSQI scores during the second and third trimesters are significantly higher than the first trimester. It was observed that while individuals have bad sleep quality during the second and third trimesters, they have good sleep quality during the first trimester (χ2 = 14.736; P < 0.001). In the biochemical results, the thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) value in the second trimester was higher (P > 0.05). Weight gain during pregnancy, age and trimester have a negative effect on sleep quality.ConclusionWhen the effects of lifestyles and eating habits of pregnant women on the process are considered, there is a relationship between smoking/alcohol consumption, less physical activity, poor eating habits, sleep quality and depressive symptoms. Factors such as age, educational background, trimester period and other basic sociodemographic variables are also involved.
Neurotoxicity and Cardiovascular Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles to Oryzias melastigma
Authors: Shohag Sheikh , Horie Yoshifumi 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in manufacturing cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Although previous studies have reported their toxic effects on fish, the underlying mechanisms behind their toxic effects are yet to be identified. This study evaluated the impact of ZnO NPs on marine medaka's survival, heart rates (Oryzias melastigma), and the expression of genes linked to neurotoxicity and cardiovascular toxicity. Marine medaka samples were exposed to ZnO NPs at varying concentrations: 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L. Survival rates and heart rates were monitored on the 12th day postfertilization. Gene expression related to neurotoxicity (α‐tubulin, elavl3, gap43, gfap) and cardiovascular toxicity (cdh2, atp2a1, cacna1da, crhr1, ahrra, arnt2) was assessed by performing real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The survival rate of marine medaka samples was not significantly impacted by exposure to up to 1 mg/L of ZnO NPs; however, exposure to 10 mg/L of ZnO NPs resulted in a 60% reduction in survival rate. The heart rate of the samples did not significantly change across all concentrations. High ZnO NP concentrations (10 mg/L) significantly suppressed the expression of neurotoxic and cardiotoxic genes, including elavl3 and gfap. ZnO NPs exhibited dose‐dependent toxic effects on the marine medaka samples by affecting the expression of genes related to neurological and cardiovascular functions. These findings underscore the potential risks of ZnO NPs to aquatic organisms. The distinct toxic actions of ZnO NPs and dissolved ions complicate the interpretation of results, as this study did not measure ion release, a critical factor in understanding NP toxicity. Moreover, ZnO NPs may cause oxidative stress and disrupt cellular pathways. Furthermore, without distinguishing between NP and ion effects, it is challenging to determine the exact cause of toxicity. These findings highlight the need for future studies to measure dissolved ions and particles separately to clarify their contributions to toxicity, where the mechanisms of action are still debated.
Short‐chain fatty acids enhance muscle mass and function through the activation of mTOR signalling pathways in sarcopenic mice
Authors: Liu Chaoran , Wong Pui Yan , Wang Qianjin , Wong Hei Yuet , Huang Tao , Cui Can , Zhang Ning , Cheung Wing Hoi , Wong Ronald Man Yeung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is a prevalent muscle disorder in old people leading to higher fracture rate, mortality, and other adverse clinical outcomes. Evidence indicates that short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are beneficial gut microbial metabolites, were reduced in old people with sarcopenia. This study aimed to determine whether the use of SCFAs as a supplement can be a therapeutic strategy of sarcopenia in a pre‐clinical model.MethodsSeven‐month‐old pre‐sarcopenic senescent accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice received daily SCFAs cocktail (acetate, butyrate, and propionate) for 3 months. Age‐matched senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) and SAMP8 mice receiving sodium‐matched drinking water were control groups. The gut microbiota composition analysis of aged mice with or without sarcopenia was conducted by 16S rDNA sequencing. Gut barrier‐related proteins and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration were biomarkers of gut permeability. Colon inflammation levels, circulatory SCFAs concentration, muscle quality, function, and underlying pathways were detected by cell number counting, RT‐qPCR, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, measurements of muscle wet weight and grip strength, ex vivo functional test, treadmill endurance test, transcriptomic sequencing, morphological and immunofluorescent staining, as well as western blot. To investigate the role of mTOR signalling pathways in SCFAs treatment, C2C12 myotubes were treated with rapamycin.ResultsAged SAMP8 mice had different microbiota composition, and lower serum butyric acid compared with SAMR1 mice (P < 0.05). SCFAs treatment reversed the increment of colon inflammation (2.8‐fold lower of il‐1β) and gut barrier permeability (1.7‐fold lower of LPS) in SAMP8 mice. Increased muscle mass, myofibre cross‐sectional area, grip strength, twitch and tetanic force were found in SCFAs‐treated mice compared with control SAMP8 mice (P < 0.05). Anti‐fatigue capacity (1.6‐fold) and muscle glycogen (2‐fold) also improved after SCFAs treatment (P < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that AMPK, insulin, and mTOR pathways were involved in SCFAs treatment (P < 0.05). Regulation of AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and AMPK/PGC1α pathways were found. SCFAs attenuated fat infiltration and improved mitochondria biogenesis of atrophic muscle. In vitro studies indicated that SCFAs inhibited FoxO3a/Atrogin1 and activated mTOR pathways to improve myotube growth (P < 0.05), and rapamycin attenuated the effect of SCFAs through the inhibition of mTOR pathways.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that bacterial metabolites SCFAs could attenuate age‐related muscle loss and dysfunction, and protein synthesis‐related mTOR signalling pathways were involved both in vivo and in vitro.
Black goji berry anthocyanins extend lifespan and enhance the antioxidant defenses in Caenorhabditis elegans via the JNK‐1 and DAF‐16/FOXO pathways
Authors: Xu Qiuxiong , Zheng Bisheng , Li Tong , Liu Rui Hai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe black goji berry (Lycium ruthenicum Murr.) is known for its abundance of high‐quality natural antioxidants, particularly anthocyanins. Black goji berry anthocyanins (BGA) are receiving increasing attention because of their high safety and beneficial biological activities. Studies have shown that oxidative stress is a key factor affecting aging, whereas antioxidants are critical preventive and delaying strategies.RESULTSIn the present study, we investigated the potential anti‐aging effects and mechanism of BGA using the Caenorhabditis elegans model. We found that BGA prolonged the mean lifespan of nematodes and improve their healthspan, including locomotion, pharyngeal pumping rate and stress resistance. Subsequently, we observed a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels in nematodes after administering BGA. Moreover, BGA enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, and elevated the glutathione disulfide/glutathione ratio. We confirmed that BGA exerted excellent antioxidative stress activity in nematodes, which may contribute substantially to its anti‐aging effects. The health benefits of BGA in C. elegans might be closely related to petunidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, the most abundant anthocyanin in BGA. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that the JNK‐1 and DAF‐16/FOXO pathways, rather than the calorie restriction pathway, were responsible for the antioxidant stress and life‐prolonging effects of BGA in nematodes.CONCLUSIONOur research provides a theoretical foundation for studying the anti‐aging effect of BGA and a basis for developing black goji berry and its anthocyanins as functional foods with anti‐aging and antioxidative stress benefits. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterization of astaxanthin‐loaded Pickering emulsions stabilized by conjugates of pea protein isolate and dextran with different molecular weights
Authors: Guo Zhi‐Wei , Li Heng‐Juan , Peng Ning , Li Ying‐Qiu , Liang Yan , Zhao Yu‐Ru , Wang Cai‐Yue , Wang Zi‐Yue , Wang Chenying , Ren Xidong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPea protein isolate (PPI) is gaining increasing popularity in the food industry. It provides a diverse range of health benefits, such as hypoallergenic and gluten‐free characteristics. However, the functional performance of PPI is hindered by its low solubility and poor stability. Therefore, in this article, PPI and dextran (DX) of different molecular weights were grafted to investigate the effects of grafting DX with different molecular weights on the interface properties and antioxidant properties of PPI. Additionally, the stability and digestive properties of the glycated PPI nanoemulsion system were explored.RESULTSThe result showed that the grafting degree of PPI–DX conjugates (PPI–DC) decreased with an increase in the molecular weight of DX. Surface hydrophobicity, antioxidant activity and solubility of PPI–DC were significantly improved after grafting compared with PPI and PPI–DX mixtures (PPI–DM). Astaxanthin‐loaded emulsions stabilized by grafted conjugates had smaller droplets and higher astaxanthin encapsulation rate compared to PPI emulsions. In vitro digestion demonstrated that the bioavailability of PPI–DC emulsions was higher than of PPI emulsion. Furthermore, after 24 days of storage, retention rate of astaxanthin‐loaded emulsions prepared by conjugates remained above 70%, surpassing that of PPI emulsion.CONCLUSIONThese results indicated that DX grafting can improve the emulsion properties of PPI. In addition, the DX with a molecular weight of 5 kDa showed the most significant improvement. This study contributes to the advancement of natural emulsifiers by modifying PPI through glycation, and furnishes a valuable reference for its utilization in functional foods. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Can intense storms affect sinking particle dynamics after the North Atlantic spring bloom?
Authors: Romanelli Elisa , Giering Sarah Lou Carolin , Estapa Margaret , Siegel David A. , Passow Uta 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe sinking of large particles (i.e., marine snow) has long been recognized as a key pathway for efficient particulate organic carbon (POC) export to the ocean interior during the decline of spring diatom blooms. Recent work has suggested that particles smaller than marine snow can also substantially contribute to POC export. However, a detailed characterization of small and large sinking particles at the end of blooms is missing. Here, we separately collected suspended and small and large sinking particles using Marine Snow Catchers and assessed their biogeochemical composition after the North Atlantic spring bloom in May 2021. During the 3 weeks of sampling, when four intense storms (maximum wind speeds 37–50 kt) created high turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates and deepened the mixed layer, we observed two distinct sedimentation events. At first, sinking particles were dominated by small (diameter < 0.1 mm), slowly sinking ( 18 m d−1), particles rich in silica that carried a moderate POC flux (< 6 mmol C m−2 d−1) to 500 m depth. Once the storms ceased, the volume of large (diameter > 0.1 mm), fast‐sinking (> 75 m d−1), carbon‐rich marine snow aggregates (not fecal pellets) increased exponentially and POC fluxes at 100 m depth were more than fourfold greater (30 ± 12 mmol C m−2 d−1) than those during the previous event. The aggregates consisted of a mixed post‐bloom plankton community. Our data suggest that the storms shaped the timing, type, and magnitude of POC flux at the end of this spring phytoplankton bloom.