bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies of two-dimensional complex plasma crystals: waves and instabilities
Authors: Couëdel L , Nosenko V , Zhdanov S , Ivlev A V , Laut I , Yakovlev E V , Kryuchkov N P , Ovcharov P V , Lipaev A M , Yurchenko S O 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A review of experimental studies on waves, phonon dispersion relations, and mode-coupling instability in two-dimensional complex plasma crystals is presented. An improved imaging method allowing simultaneous measurements of the three wave modes (compression in-plane, shear in-plane, and out-of-plane) is given. This method is used to evidence the formation of hybrid modes and the triggering of the mode-coupling instability due to wake-mediated interactions. The main stages of the mode-coupling instability are analyzed. In the early stages, synchronization of microparticle motion at the hybrid mode frequency is reported. The spatial orientation of the observed synchronization pattern correlates well with the directions of the maximal increment of the shear-free hybrid mode. When the instability is fully developed, a melting front is formed. The propagation of the melting front has similarities with flame propagation in ordinary reactive matter. Finally, it is experimentally demonstrated that an external mechanical excitation of a stable 2D complex plasma crystal can trigger the mode-coupling instability and lead to the full melting of a two-dimensional complex plasma crystal.
Material equations and Maxwell’s equations for isotropic media; waves with negative group velocity and negative values of ε (ω) and μ(ω)
Authors: Makarov V P , Rukhadze A A 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The frequently used Maxwell’s equations that contain E, B, D, and H fields are only substantiated in the framework of linear material equations and for isotropic media alone. We have shown that accounting for the deviation of magnetic permittivity μ (ω) from unity in the usually employed dispersion equation implies a false precision. Therefore, if spatial dispersion is disregarded, transverse waves only exist in the energy region where ε(ω) > 0 and have a positive group velocity.
Encountering the State: Women and divorce in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sawaf Zina 
Published: January 2019

In the post-September 11 era, the state in Saudi Arabia is said to be feminizing itself by promoting inclusive reform vis-à-vis women. Since King ʿAbdallah’s reign, and through Prince Muḥammad bin Salmān’s recent and ambitious roadmap of socio-economic reforms, the monarchy has been championing women’s causes. This article seeks to move beyond a state-centric approach that focuses on the role of the Saudi state, actors and institutions. Rather, it takes an ethnographic view point to explore how the state’s feminization of itself unfolds in the everyday encounters and interactions between women divorcées and the processes, offices and officials of the state in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Simply by engaging the state and continually re-interpreting what it might offer them in terms of rights and resources, divorcées are able to draw new boundaries around their private lives. Consequently, it matters not so much that state actors and institutions espouse women’s positions in various realms, but rather that this so-called feminization enables women to act upon, interpret and imagine differently family and sexual life, and crucially, ways of being with and for others.
Djibouti et le Yémen : influences, interdépendances et échanges des pêcheurs d’une rive à l’autre
Authors: Lauret Alexandre 
Published: January 2019

L’histoire contemporaine de la Corne de l’Afrique illustre un espace fracturé par les aléas et enjeux politiques et géopolitiques des différents pays. Récemment, la guerre au Yémen a entrainé une énième rupture sur l’espace maritime, entre rives africaine et arabe. Pourtant, faut‑il en conclure qu’il n’existe aucune relation entre les deux populations ? À travers trois époques, comprises entre la fin du xixe siècle et le début du xxie siècle, cet article vise à illustrer une relation commune entre pêcheurs djiboutiens et yéménites. L’évolution de cette relation s’est faite en parallèle de l’Histoire : le développement de la colonie de la Côte française des Somalis, l’indépendance de Djibouti et les dernières décennies du xxe siècle, enfin l’instabilité du Yémen et la guerre de la décennie 2010. Prenant tantôt pour cadre Djibouti et le développement de la pêche, tantôt le Yémen et ses marchés de poisson, l’histoire des relations entre pêcheurs n’est pas avare d’échanges et de conflits.
John Griffiths’ streven naar een theoretisch kader voor de rechtssociologie
Authors: Pieterman Roel 
Published: January 2019

John Griffiths’ attempts at formulating a general theoretical framework for socio-legal studies; an appraisal
This contribution focuses on John Griffiths’ relentless attempt at developing a general theoretical perspective for socio-legal studies. Hence, attention to Griffiths’ important contributions to legal pluralism and the social working of law approach is paid only in passing. Similar to a much earlier assessment, the analysis of Griffiths’ proposal in this contribution is quite critical. Measured against five criteria this author deems important for any socio-legal theoretical framework, the verdict is that Griffiths’ proposal falls short of all of them. The analysis itself focuses primarily on Griffiths’ attempt to redefine the subject for socio-legal studies in terms of social control, the way he uses the concept ‘law’, and his primary focus on rules and rule following. One overall conclusion is that Griffiths remained a legal scholar to a much greater extent than he would have liked.
Heeft John Griffiths de rechtssociologie verder gebracht?
Authors: Klijn Albert , Croes Marnix 
Published: January 2019

What did John Griffiths contribute to empirical socio-legal theory: A critical review
A central ambition that Griffiths expressed rather frequently was to realize progress in the sociology of law by formulating informative theoretical propositions and testing them empirically according to the maxim of the critical-rational metatheoretical program of Karl Popper. Our analysis of Griffiths’s contributions suggests, however, that he actually refrained from following Popper’s path: to put a Problem – formulate a Theory – testing that provisional answer by empirical Observation. Instead, Griffiths focussed mostly on the rigorously clear formulation of concepts accordingly to his strong philosophical inclination.
Tarkovsky y el tiempo jamás perdido
Authors: Eguren Hernández Carlos Javier 
Published: January 2019

Reseña de la obra:
Título del libro reseñado: Atrapad la vida: lecciones de cine para escultores del tiempo
Autor: Andréi Tarkovski.
Editorial: Errata Naturae.
Año de la edición: 2017.
Número de páginas: 181.
ISBN: 978-84-16544-29-5
Photo‐ECM: A Blue Light Photoswitchable Synthetic Extracellular Matrix Protein for Reversible Control over Cell–Matrix Adhesion
Authors: Ricken Julia , Medda Rebecca , Wegner Seraphine V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe dynamic and spatiotemporal control of integrin‐mediated cell adhesion to RGD motifs in its extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for understating cell biology and biomedical applications because cell adhesion fundamentally regulates cellular behavior. Herein, the first photoswitchable synthetic ECM protein, Photo‐ECM, based on the blue light switchable protein LOV2 is engineered. The Photo‐ECM protein includes a RGD sequence, which is hidden in the folded LOV2 protein structure in the dark and is exposed under blue light so that integrins can bind and cells can adhere. The switchable presentation of the RGD motif allows to reversibly mediate and modulate integrin‐based cell adhesions using noninvasive blue light. With this protein cell adhesions in live cells could be reversed and the dynamics at the cellular level is observed. Hence, the Photo‐ECM opens a new possibility to investigate the spatiotemporal regulation of cell adhesions in cell biology and is the first step toward a genetically encoded and light‐responsive ECM.
Copper‐Catalyzed Sequential C(sp2)/C(sp3)−H Amination of 2‐Vinylanilines with N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide
Authors: Cao Wen‐Bin , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAn oxidative C−H diamination of 2‐vinylanilines with N‐fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) was developed for the efficient synthesis of indole frameworks. The reaction proceeded via sequential intra‐/intermolecular diamination of C(sp2)−H and C(sp3)−H bond, incorporating one nitrogen from the substrate and the other nitrogen from the NFSI.magnified image
A Self‐Assembled Fluorescent Nanoprobe for Imaging and Therapy of Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Ziegler Melanie , Xu Xiaoqiu , Yap May Lin , Hu Houyuan , Zhang Jianxiang , Peter Karlheinz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is a strong medical need for precision imaging of ischemic tissue and even more so for delivery of drugs specifically to the ischemic tissue at risk of functional damage. To date, no targeting epitopes or mechanisms have been established in ischemia/reperfusion injury that allow specific molecular targeting for either diagnosis or therapy, a deficiency that contributes to myocardial infarction being the leading cause of mortality and a major contributor to morbidity worldwide. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are locally increased at the site of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Utilizing these as a unique molecular targeting mechanism in developing ROS‐responsive nanoparticles, this study illustrates unique designed ROS‐responsive, self‐assembled fluorescent nanoparticles as tools for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting of tissue that is undergoing ischemia/reperfusion injury. This ROS‐responsive fluorescent nanoprobe has been evaluated in a mouse model of myocardial infarction, applying 1 h of ischemia via temporary ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery and measuring fluorescence signals after reperfusion. This study shows highly specific targeting to the ischemic/reperfused myocardium throughout the first 24 h post reperfusion. Overall, this study identifies ROS‐responsive fluorescent nanoparticles as an ideal platform for the localized delivery of imaging agents and novel therapeutics to the infarcted myocardium.
A Viral Nanoparticle Cancer Vaccine Delays Tumor Progression and Prolongs Survival in a HER2+ Tumor Mouse Model
Authors: Shukla Sourabh , Jandzinski Michal , Wang Chao , Gong Xingjian , Bonk Kristen Weber , Keri Ruth A. , Steinmetz Nicole F. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression is associated with aggressive tumors with increased incidence of metastasis and recurrence. Therapeutic antibodies such as Trastuzumab inhibit tumor growth through blockade of HER2 receptors. However, the short lifespan of such therapeutic antibodies necessitates repeat administrations with ensuing cardiac toxicity and development of resistance, while offering no protection against relapse. Cancer vaccines targeting HER2 can overcome these shortcomings of passive immunotherapy by instigating an endogenous and sustained immune response and memory against the cancer antigen. The efficacy of a viral nanoparticle (VNP)‐based cancer vaccine is demonstrated here in activating a potent anti‐HER2 immune response that delays progression of primary tumors as well as metastases and prolongs survival in mice. The results illustrate that the VNP‐based vaccine instigates HER2‐specific antibodies as well as effector and memory T cells, which contributes to the effectiveness of the vaccine. Given the highly aggressive course of HER2+ cancers, inhibition of disease progression by such cancer vaccines could provide a critical window for interventions with other adjuvant therapies. Moreover, the immune memory generated by this viral nanoparticle‐based cancer vaccine could mitigate relapse of the disease.
Bifacial Passivation of Organic Hole Transport Interlayer for NiOx‐Based p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Zijia , Jo Bong Hyun , Hwang Su Jin , Kim Tae Hak , Somasundaram Sivaraman , Kamaraj Eswaran , Bang Jiwon , Ahn Tae Kyu , Park Sanghyuk , Park Hui Joon 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMethoxy‐functionalized triphenylamine‐imidazole derivatives that can simultaneously work as hole transport materials (HTMs) and interface‐modifiers are designed for high‐performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Satisfying the fundamental electrical and optical properties as HTMs of p‐i‐n planar PSCs, their energy levels can be further tuned by the number of methoxy units for better alignment with those of perovskite, leading to efficient hole extraction. Moreover, when they are introduced between perovskite photoabsorber and low‐temperature solution‐processed NiOx interlayer, widely featured as an inorganic HTM but known to be vulnerable to interfacial defect generation and poor contact formation with perovskite, nitrogen and oxygen atoms in those organic molecules are found to work as Lewis bases that can passivate undercoordinated ion‐induced defects in the perovskite and NiOx layers inducing carrier recombination, and the improved interfaces are also beneficial to enhance the crystallinity of perovskite. The formation of Lewis adducts is directly observed by IR, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and improved charge extraction and reduced recombination kinetics are confirmed by time‐resolved photoluminescence and transient photovoltage experiments. Moreover, UV‐blocking ability of the organic HTMs, the ameliorated interfacial property, and the improved crystallinity of perovskite significantly enhance the stability of PSCs under constant UV illumination in air without encapsulation.
Ultrathin 2D TiS2 Nanosheets for High Capacity and Long‐Life Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Hu Zhe , Tai Zhixin , Liu Qiannan , Wang Shi‐Wen , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Lai Weihong , Chen Mingzhe , Li Lin , Chen Lingna , Tao Zhanliang , Chou Shu‐Lei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSodium ion batteries are now attracting great attention, mainly because of the abundance of sodium resources and their cheap raw materials. 2D materials possess a unique structure for sodium storage. Among them, transition metal chalcogenides exhibit significant potential for rechargeable battery devices due to their tunable composition, remarkable structural stability, fast ion transport, and robust kinetics. Herein, ultrathin TiS2 nanosheets are synthesized by a shear‐mixing method and exhibit outstanding cycling performance (386 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1). To clarify the variations of galvanostatic curves and superior cycling performance, the mechanism and morphology changes are systematically investigated. This facile synthesis method is expected to shed light on the preparation of ultrathin 2D materials, whose unique morphologies could easily enable their application in rechargeable batteries.
Comparative observations on the premolar root and pulp canal configurations of Middle Pleistocene Homo in China
Authors: Pan Lei , Zanolli Clément 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to explore the root and root canal morphology of Homo fossil occupying China during the Middle Pleistocene period. Human occupation and evolutionary dynamics in East Asia during the Middle Pleistocene period is one of the most intriguing issues in paleoanthropology, with the coexistence of multiple lineages and regional morphs suggesting a complex population interaction scenario. Although premolar root and canal morphology has certain phylogenetic, taxonomic, and functional implications, its morphological diversity, possible evolutionary trend and characteristics regarding Middle Pleistocene hominins inhabiting East Asia are still insufficiently understood; where these populations fits within the Homo lineage (with respect to root and pulp canal structure) needs to be explored.Materials and methodsUsing microtomography, we directly observed and assessed the nonmetric variability of root and canal forms in maxillary and mandibular premolars of Chinese Middle Pleistocene Homo (N = 19), and compared our observed variations with Eurasian Early Pleistocene specimens from the Asia continent (N = 1) and Java (N = 2), as well as with Neanderthals (N = 28) and recent modern humans (N = 67).ResultsA total number of nine types of root‐canal forms were recorded. As a whole, the Chinese Middle Pleistocene record shows an evolutionary trend toward a modern human‐like condition (a reduction of root/canal number and a simplification of root surface structure). We documented primitive signals like high percentage of Tomes' root in lower premolars. A considerable occurrence of incompletely separated root branches and bifid root and canal apices, representing evolutionary transformation from multi‐root to single‐root condition was also noticed. The results were compared with previous publications on Early and Middle Pleistocene Homo in East Africa, North Africa, and Eurasia.ConclusionThis work provides new original data, incorporates the latest human fossil discoveries and suggests that analyzing the variation of premolar root structural organization, notably integrating together root/canal form and number, could possibly contribute to taxonomic and phylogenetic assessments. The mid‐Middle Pleistocene populations, or “classic” Homo erectus, in our study show closer affinity to Early and Middle Pleistocene hominins in Eurasia, than to East African early Homo, which supports the suggestion that at least some of the Early Pleistocene hominin groups in Eurasia contribute to the later population; on the other hand, it is still difficult to clearly trace the evolutionary fate of those late Middle Pleistocene populations (roughly assigned as archaic Homo sapiens through a craniodental perspective). More comparable materials from the Early to Middle Pleistocene period as well as precise chronological framework is needed to further explore the evolutionary trends of archaic hominins in the Asian continent before the arrival of modern humans.
Stable isotope variation in savanna chimpanzees (Pan troglodytesverus) indicate avoidance of energetic challenges through dietary compensation at the limits of the range
Authors: Wessling Erin G. , Oelze Vicky M. , Eshuis Henk , Pruetz Jill D. , Kühl Hjalmar S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectivesFood scarcity is proposed to be a limitation to chimpanzees at the limits of their range; however, such a constraint has never been investigated in this context. We investigated patterns of δ13C and δ15N variation along a latitudinal gradient at the northwestern West African chimpanzee (Pan troglodytesverus) range limit with the expectation that isotope ratios of chimpanzees at the range limit will indicate different dietary strategies or higher physiological constraints than chimpanzees further from the edge.Materials and methodsWe measured δ13C and δ15N values in hair (n = 81) and plant food (n = 342) samples from five chimpanzee communities located along a latitudinal gradient in Southeastern Senegal.ResultsWe found clear grouping patterns in hair δ13C and δ15N in the four southern sites compared to the northernmost site. Environmental baseline samples collected from these sites revealed overall higher plant δ15N values at the northernmost site, but similar δ13C values across sites. By accounting for environmental baseline, Δ13C and Δ15N values were clustered for all five sites relative to totalPanvariation, but indicated a13C‐enriched diet at the range limit.DiscussionClustering in Δ13C and Δ15N values supports that strategic shifting between preferred and fallback foods is a likely ubiquitous but necessary strategy employed by these chimpanzees to cope with their environment, potentially allowing chimpanzees at their limits to avoid periods of starvation. These results also underline the necessity of accounting for local isotopic baseline differences during inter‐site comparison.
Delayed aortic regurgitation due to traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva
Authors: Takahashi Nozomi , Nakada Taka‐aki , Oda Shigeto 
Published: January 2019

CasePseudoaneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva (PSV) caused by trauma is rare. Surgical intervention is the standard treatment approach for traumatic PSV, as it has a high risk of rupture and is potentially fatal.We hereby report a 59‐year‐old man with traumatic PSV due to a traffic accident. Imaging studies revealed traumatic PSV. However, he refused surgery due to the lack of symptoms and was discharged on day 9. Two years later, he visited our hospital with cardiac failure due to severe aortic valve regurgitation (AR) induced by PSV.OutcomeA Bentall operation was carried out and the patient was discharged without any complications.ConclusionsThis case illustrates progression to aortic valve regurgitation as a complication of traumatic PSV and stresses the point that surgical intervention should be considered even in asymptomatic cases of traumatic PSV.
Vinyltriflimide – ein Fall von assistierter Vinylkationenbildung
Authors: Schroeder Sebastian , Strauch Christina , Gaelings Niklas , Niggemann Meike 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEin neues Konzept zur Selektivitätskontrolle in kationenvermittelten Reaktionen wurde identifiziert, das eine chemo‐, regio‐ und stereoselektive Addition von Nukleophilen an Alkine ermöglicht: Die assistierte Vinylkationenbildung, ermöglicht durch einen lithiumbasierten supramolekularen Cluster. DFT‐Analyse eines Modellkomplexes (Li2NTf2+⋅3 H2O) bestätigt, dass allein ein Komplex des angreifenden Nukleophils mit dem Übergangszustand der Protonierung des Alkins für die selektive N‐Addition an das Vinylkation verantwortlich ist. Obendrein wurde so eine einfache Syntheseroute zu bisher unzugänglichen Vinyltriflimiden entwickelt.
Reversible Covalent Stabilization of Stacking Contacts in DNA Assemblies
Authors: Gerling Thomas , Dietz Hendrik 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStacking bonds formed between two blunt‐ended DNA double helices can be used to reversibly stabilize higher‐order complexes that are assembled from rigid DNA components. Typically, at low cation concentrations, stacking bonds break and thus higher‐order complexes disassemble. Herein, we present a site‐specific photochemical mechanism for the reversible covalent stabilization of stacking bonds in DNA assemblies. To this end, we modified one blunt end with the 3‐cyanovinylcarbazole (cnvK) moiety and positioned a thymine residue (T) at the other blunt end. In the bound state, the two blunt‐ended helices are stacked together, resulting in a co‐localization of cnvK and T. Such a configuration induces the formation of a covalent bond across the stacking contact upon irradiation with 365 nm light. This bond can also be cleaved upon irradiation with 310 nm light, allowing repeated formation and cleavage of the same covalent bond on the timescale of seconds. Our system will expand the range of conditions under which stacking‐bond‐stabilized objects may be utilized.
Accurate Determination of 1H‐15N Dipolar Couplings Using Inaccurate Settings of the Magic Angle in Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Xue Kai , Mühlbauer Max , Mamone Salvatore , Sarkar Riddhiman , Reif Bernd 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMagic‐angle spinning (MAS) is an essential ingredient in a wide variety of solid‐state NMR experiments. The standard procedures to adjust the rotor angle are not highly accurate, resulting in a slight misadjustment of the rotor from the magic angle (
) on the order of a few millidegrees. This small missetting has no significant impact on the overall spectral resolution, but is sufficient to reintroduce anisotropic interactions. Shown here is that site‐specific 1H‐15N dipolar couplings can be accurately measured in a heavily deuterated protein. This method can be applied at arbitrarily high MAS frequencies, since neither rotor synchronization nor particularly high radiofrequency field strengths are required. The off‐MAS method allows the quantification of order parameters for very dynamic residues, which often escape an analysis using existing methods.