bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Species of the thecate dinoflagellate genus Heterocapsa (Dinophyceae; Heterocapsaceae) from the tropical Mexican Pacific, with special reference to two new records in the area and the ultrastructure of Heterocapsa borneoensis
Authors: Arana-García Jovanny , Hernández-Becerril David Uriel , Escarcega-Bata Alexis , Ruíz-García Uriel , Zamudio-Resendiz María Eugenia 
Published: November 2024

Background: The thecate dinoflagellate genus Heterocapsa encompasses marine planktonic species, which have been poorly studied in the Mexican Pacific coasts.
Question: Is it possible to extend the knowledge of the genus Heterocapsa in the Mexican Pacific by means of different study techniques?
Study sites: Acapulco Bay, Guerrero, Mexico During November 2021 and March 2024.
Methods: Establishment of cultures, morphological analysis by light microscopy and molecular identification using the region D1-D2 (LSU rDNA)
Results: Five strains belonging to species of the genus Heterocapsa were established. The strains were identified as H. borneoensis, H. iwatakii and Heterocapsa sp., respectively. Each strain was morphologically characterized by light microscopy, highlighting characters such as the overall shape of the cell, proportion of the episome and hyposome, shape and position of the nucleus and number and position of the pyrenoids. Additionally, the morphology of the body scales and the ultrastructure of H. borneoensis were studied. Molecular identification of two species was confirmed by analysing the D1-D2 region (LSU rDNA). The phylogeny showed that sequences obtained in this study clustered with previous sequences of H. borneoensis and H. iwatakii.
Conclusion: This study confirmed the first record of H. borneoensis and H. iwatakii from the eastern Pacific Ocean.
Otra vuelta a Campomanes: su influencia en el Constitucionalismo moderno
Authors: Friera Alvarez Marta 
Published: November 2024

Campomanes (Asturias, 1723- Madrid, 1802) ha sido estudiado por la historiografía jurídica como ilustrado, reformista, regalista y servidor de la Monarquía hispánica; en este trabajo se propone un acercamiento a su influencia en la configuración del constitucionalismo moderno de corte histórico, que le es el propio, y en los primeros liberales herederos, en parte, de esta. Se aborda particularmente su relevancia en la formación de la cultura constitucional en la Ilustración y Liberalismo en su provincia natal, el Principado de Asturias.
Fecha de envío / Submission date: 12/03/2024
Fecha de aceptación / Acceptance date: 19/04/2024
Incidence and predictors of delirium among the intensive care unit patients at Jimma Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Habtamu Asaminew , Mezgebu Taye , Workina Abdata , Lemma Bulcha , Tolessa Feyissa , Getahun Edmialem , Wondimagegn Adebabay , Kelbessa Achalu , Abebe Fikadu 
Published: November 2024

Objective: Delirium is characterized by impaired attention and awareness, accompanied by cognitive deficits. It develops rapidly and poses a considerable burden on healthcare systems. Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are particularly vulnerable to developing delirium. This study aims to determine the incidence and predictors of delirium among ICU patients at Jimma Medical Center in southwest Ethiopia in 2023.
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Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted on 403 patients aged≥18 years admitted to emergency, surgical, and medical ICUs at Jimma Medical Center in southwest Ethiopia. Patients were assessed twice daily for delirium using the Richmond agitation sedation scale (RASS) and confusion assessment method (CAM). The association between independent variables and delirium incidence was analyzed using Cox proportional hazards (PH) regression. A univariate Cox PH model screened variables at a 0.25 significance level, followed by a multivariable Cox PH model for significant variables. Variables with a P-value≤0.05 were considered significantly associated with delirium incidence among ICU patients.
Results: The findings of this study revealed that the overall occurrence of delirium among critically ill ICU patients was 118 (29.3%) (95% CI: 25%,34%), and the rest, 70.7% of the participants, were censored (95% CI: 66,75). The incidence rate of delirium among intensive care unit patients was 21.2 (95% CI: 17.8,25.4) per 1000 person-days of observation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AHR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.23,3.56), stroke (AHR: 1.8; 95%CI: 1.98,3.73), Oxygen Saturation less than 90% (AHR:1.61; 95% CI: 1.11,2.34) and Obesity (AHR: 0.35; 95%CI: 0.13,0.84) were independent predictors of delirium among ICU patients.
conclusion: This study found that, with an incidence rate of 21.2 occurrences per 1000 person-days of observation, delirium greatly affects the outcome of intensive care unit patients in the Jimma Medical Center. The study identifies several factors that independently predict the occurrence of delirium in ICU patients, including obesity, stroke, low oxygen saturation levels, and COPD. Interestingly, our findings suggest that admission for heart failure may have a protective effect against delirium. Therefore, health professionals ought to give special attention to patients with identified predictors.
A 67-year-old man with cardiac air tamponade: a case report
Authors: Mirbagheri Somayeh , Afzalimoghaddam Mohammad , Edalatifard Maryam , Mirfazaelian Hadi 
Published: November 2024

Pneumopericardium is a rare entity, primarily described as a result of causes such as penetrating/blunt trauma and procedures, aspergillosis, and diaphragmatic hernia. Malignancy history has also emerged as a new cause. A 67-year-old man with a history of active cancer presented to the emergency department with the chief complaint of shortness of breath and hemoptysis. He had low blood pressure and tachycardia along with hypoxia. The thoracic computed tomography (CT) imaging revealed a right pulmonary mass, central necrosis, and anterior pneumopericardium and gas adjacent to the right pericardial border.Patients with small, stable, asymptomatic pneumopericardium may be treated conservatively with close monitoring to prevent escalation to cardiac tamponade. Prompt decompression is advised if there are progressive symptoms, a concurrent pneumothorax, or cardiac tamponade.
Malocclusion prevalence in 11-13 years old student in the Madrasah Tsanawiyah Melirang, Gresik
Authors: Ardani I Gusti Wahju Aju , Rahmawati Dwi , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Pramusita Adya , Ariyadi Satrio Kris 
Published: November 2024

Background: When teeth are not positioned correctly, it is referred to as malocclusion, and it frequently happens in the general population. One of the traits of malocclusion that is frequently observed in children beginning in the early mixed dentition phase is crowded teeth. This disorder will become more serious and cause speech, masticatory, and cosmetic issues if therapy is not started right away. Environmental and genetic factors have a significant impact on malocclusion. Therefore, a child's nutrition, bad habits, trauma to the main teeth, and the pattern acquired from both parents will all affect the malocclusion's characteristics. Purpose: Enhance instruction in identifying malocclusion and the stages of permanent and changing tooth growth. Methods: Forty-six students from Madrasah Tsanawiyah's classes 7A and 7B participated. Intraoral examinations and the completion of pretest and posttest questionnaires were used to collect data. Next, Stastical Package Social Science (SPSS) version 23 was used to analyze the frequency distribution data. Results: Male students had more crowded teeth (20) and less crowded teeth (2) than female students (18) and less crowded teeth (6). Class I malocclusion (41), class II malocclusion (3), and class III malocclusion (2) are the highest. Conclusion: Malocclusion class I is characterized by the greatest number of crowded teeth in males aged 8 to 10 years.
Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on polystyrene microspheres containing diazonium groups
Authors: Souza Stefany S. S. , Torquato Ezaine C. C. , Araújo Adilson M. , Melo Claudinei F. , Tapanes Neyda C. O. , Iulianelli Gisele . V. , Costa Luciana C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Laccases are versatile enzymes employed in the degradation of pollutants and in organic synthesis reactions. Their immobilization enables the reuse of these biocatalysts, thereby reducing the overall process costs. However, studies on the immobilization of laccases onto polymers containing diazonium groups remain limited in the literature. This work investigates the relationship between experimental parameters—namely pH, ionic strength, and contact time between the enzyme solution and diazonium-functionalized polystyrene—and their effects on immobilization yield and biocatalyst activity in the oxidation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). A five-level experimental design was employed, varying the ionic strength of the citrate-phosphate buffer, pH, and contact time. The correlation between reaction variables and response variables was best fitted using second-order models. The variables pH and its quadratic interaction significantly affected the immobilization yield, while ionic strength, pH, and their interaction were significant in determining the activity of the resulting biocatalysts. The validity of the proposed regression models was confirmed by adjusted R² values, F significance, and residual analysis. After two, three, four, five, and six reuse cycles, the catalytic activity losses were 33%, 46%, 50%, 59%, and 51% of the initial activity, respectively. The loss of catalytic activity between reuse cycles was low, suggesting that the material is suitable for extended reuse. Furthermore, after 120 days of storage, the biocatalyst retained 89.9% of its initial relative activity, indicating good stability when stored under refrigeration.
Altitude and Regional Differentiation of Dark Tea Using Non-Targeted Metabolomics Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Han Yuanxi , Li Liang , Liu Zhendong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Dark tea, a fermented tea variety, is closely linked to its geographical origin in terms of quality and market value. Thus, accurately identifying the geographical origin of dark tea is crucial for ensuring its quality and determining its market price. This study established a non-targeted metabolomics approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) to identify differential chemical components of dark tea from various geographical regions. Chemometric modeling was employed to predict the tea's origin. From the non-targeted metabolomics analysis of 47 dark tea samples, 12 key metabolites were selected, primarily based on altitude. Using these differential metabolites, an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) validation model was developed. Furthermore, a method incorporating geographical factors, particularly altitude, was established, and OPLS-DA validation models were constructed for each region. After model fitting, validation, and discrimination training, the results showed no overfitting, and the accuracy rates for both the training and validation sets reached 100%. The method established in this study shows significant potential for distinguishing the geographical origin of dark tea and provides a strong foundation for origin identification in fermented foods.
Mechanical behavior and damage patterns of fault Stick–slip under various roughness conditions
Authors: Zhao Qianbai , Zhao Yong , Yang Tianhong , Wang Shuhong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Characterized by depressions and elevations, the rough surfaces of faults are prone to stress concentration and energy accumulation, leading to localized rupture in the upper and lower blocks. These regions are more susceptible to stick–slip instability, manifesting various failure modes and mechanical behaviors, which are among the key factors influencing fault reactivation. Therefore, the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of fault stick–slip under varying roughness levels necessitate further investigation. Acoustic emission monitoring is a crucial method for studying fault stick–slip failure models, enabling the acquisition of pertinent information during the fault activation process. However, the fault plane structures impede the propagation path and intensity of the rock fracture-induced acoustic emissions, thereby imposing certain limitations on examining the response mechanisms between the fault’s upper and lower blocks and the rock structure surfaces. In this study, discrete-element numerical simulations were used to construct numerical models under different roughness conditions to simulate the stick–slip failure process of faults. Also, by recording the changes in mechanical behaviors among particle contacts, the acoustic emission characteristics and evolutionary patterns of fault stick–slip were investigated in more depth. The findings detail how the fault roughness level impacts the stick–slip motion process, including the evolution of stress–strain relationships (e.g., number of stick–slips, threshold stress, stress drop, and maximum stress drop), energy dissipation, and acoustic emission signal characteristics (e.g., magnitude and failure mechanisms). This research offers significant insights into how fault roughness influences the stick–slip process and introduces a new numerical simulation approach for studying the mechanical behavior of fault activation. Furthermore, this study serves as a critical reference for laboratory-based fault stick–slip acoustic emission experiments and on-site microseismic monitoring research.
Association Between Low Testosterone Levels and the Risk of Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES Data (2011-2016)
Authors: Ma Ning , Gao Fang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that significantly impacts quality of life, particularly in older adults. Testosterone, a crucial hormone for musculoskeletal health, has been suggested to play a role in OA development. This study aims to investigate the relationship between low testosterone levels and the risk of OA in a nationally representative sample from NHANES (2011–2016).
Methods
This cross-sectional study utilized data from 4,548 participants in NHANES, excluding individuals with missing testosterone or OA data. Testosterone levels were categorized as low or normal, with low testosterone defined as less than 300 ng/dL for men. The presence of OA was based on self-reported physician diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between testosterone levels and OA, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and BMI. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to explore non-linear associations. Subgroup analyses and interaction terms were included to assess effect modification.
Results
Among the 4,548 participants, 812 (17.9%) had OA. Participants with OA were older, predominantly female, and had higher rates of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and smoking compared to those without OA. Low testosterone levels were associated with a significantly increased risk of OA in unadjusted (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.90–2.59; P < 0.001) and fully adjusted models (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02–1.46; P = 0.028). A non-linear relationship between testosterone levels and OA risk was observed, with increased OA risk at lower testosterone levels. Subgroup analyses indicated that the association between low testosterone and OA was consistent across demographic and clinical groups, with no significant interactions.
Conclusion
Low testosterone levels are independently associated with an increased risk of OA. This finding underscores the importance of hormonal health in OA pathogenesis and suggests that testosterone replacement therapy may be considered as a potential intervention to reduce OA risk in individuals with testosterone deficiency. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the causal relationship between testosterone and OA.
Experimental Study on the Drag Reduction Performance of Sodium Alginate in Saline Solutions
Authors: Cheng Zhensong , Zhang Xin , Dai Xiaodong , Zhai Hengli , Song Xinwang , Wang Xudong , Gao Liang , Zhang Guoxin , Lu Yuan , Li Lei , Yan Xiu , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Since the discovery of the turbulence drag reduction phenomenon over 70 years ago, it has been recognized that the addition of small quantities of drag-reducing agents to fluids can significantly decrease wall shear stress, thereby enhancing fluid pumpability. In many applications, the fluids often contain salts, such as those used in fracturing processes within the petroleum sector. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the effects of salinity, flow rate, and polymer concentration on the drag reduction performance of sodium alginate in circular pipes. The experimental process was designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and a predictive regression model for the drag reduction rate (DR) was developed. By comparing the predicted results with the experimental outcomes, we found that the accuracy of the predictive model is high, with the error controlled within ± 20%. To provide a more intuitive understanding of the effect of salinity on the drag reduction performance of sodium alginate, this paper introduces the innovative concept of Drag Reduction Inhibition Rate (ε). The results indicate that the drag reduction rate in saline solutions is generally lower than that in salt-free solutions. However, during the initial stage of turbulence, a small amount of salt facilitates the unfolding of sodium alginate molecules, thereby enhancing the drag reduction effect. Following this initial turbulent phase, the inhibitory effect of salinity on the polymer becomes pronounced. We propose that high concentrations of salt may restrict the extent of polymer unfolding, resulting in concentrated solutions degrading into dilute solutions.
Hamsters immunized with formalin-inactivated SARS- CoV-2 develop accelerated lung histopathological lesions and Th2-biased response following infection
Authors: Jong Rineke , Vreman Sandra , Wiese Katrin E. , Gerhards Nora M. , Bewley Kevin , Hall Yper , Salguero Francisco Javier , Carroll Miles , de Swart Rik L. , Gonzales Jose L. , Oreshkova Nadia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

One of the concerns regarding vaccine safety during the COVID-19 pandemic was the potential manifestation of vaccine-associated enhancement of disease (VAED) upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. To investigate the suitability of the Syrian hamster model to test for VAED, we immunized animals with an experimental formaldehyde-inactivated, alum-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 vaccine preparation. In two independent experiments, challenge infection did not result in an enhancement of the clinical disease in vaccinated animals. However, at early timepoints (2–5 days) after challenge infection, lung tissue of vaccinated hamsters showed elevated mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-13 and lung histopathology progressed faster and was more prominent than in mock-vaccinated animals. At later time points, cytokine responses and lung pathology were comparable between vaccinated and mock-vaccinated hamsters, underscoring the transient nature of the pathological aggravation. With this work we show that the Syrian hamster model can be used to assess possible vaccine safety considerations in a preclinical setting.
The diagnostic dilemma of adrenal endothelial tumors: analysis of 21 cases and systematic review of the literature
Authors: Coscia Kimberly , Ravaioli Caterina , Tucci Lorenzo , Colombin Giacomo , Donnarumma Francesca , Mosconi Cristina , Balacchi Caterina , Nanni Cristina , Alberici Laura , Selva Saverio , Pagotto Uberto , Santini Donatella , Tallini Giovanni , Dalmazi Guido Di , Vicennati Valentina , De Leo Antonio 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Adrenal endothelial tumors are mainly represented by adrenal cavernous hemangiomas (ACHs) and adrenal cystic lymphangiomas (ACLs). Their radiological features often overlap with malignant tumors, therefore ruling out malignancy becomes mandatory. We analyzed clinical, radiological, and histopathological data to identify specific characteristics of these tumors.
Methods
We reviewed 21 patients with ACHs (n = 12), ACLs (n = 8) or adrenal cysts (n = 1) confirmed by histopathology. We selected 82 papers from PubMed to provide a systematic review of the literature.
Results
In our cohort, median age at diagnosis was 58 years, with sex evenly distributed. All tumors were unilateral (median size = 44 mm), with 8 cases of increasing tumor size. All tumors exhibited non-contrast CT density > 10 Hounsfield Unit (HU). Calcifications were found in 5 cases. Hormonal studies revealed 11 non-functioning tumors and 2 cortisol-secreting tumors. Elevated urinary metanephrines were found in 2 cases. Immunostaining showed CD31/CD34/factor VIII expression in ACHs (n = 5, 24%) and podoplanin expression in ACLs (n = 6, 29%). Literature review revealed 71 reported cases of ACHs and 104 reported cases of ACLs. Median age at diagnosis was 46 years, with a slightly female prevalence (63%). Median tumor size was 48 mm. 84 cases were symptomatic, with life-threatening hemorrhage reported in only 3 patients. Calcifications were found in 23% of cases. Surgical approaches varied, with open and laparoscopic adrenalectomy performed in 55 and 42 patients respectively.
Conclusions
ACHs and ACLs represent a diagnostic dilemma in clinical practice due to their rarity and their misleading imaging features.
An injectable, expandable polyacrylamide cryogel decreases blood loss and improves survival in a porcine model of junctional hemorrhage
Authors: Al-Gahmi Al-Murtadha , Andrabi Syed Muntazir , Shahriar S. M. Shatil , Jara Carlos P. , Xie Jingwei , Carlson Mark A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Uncontrolled hemorrhage, including junctional hemorrhage, is a leading cause of preventable death in military trauma. Effective therapies are urgently needed to stabilize patients and prevent further blood loss. We developed an injectable, Expandable Polyacrylamide Cryogel (EPC) that rapidly expands to tamponade bleeding. The hemostatic efficacy of EPC was compared to other hemostatic products in a porcine junctional hemorrhage model. Splenectomized domestic swine (~ 40kg; N = 37) were randomized to no treatment (N = 8), EPC (N = 7), EPC + thrombin (N = 6), XStat® (N = 7), and Combat Gauze (CG, N = 9). They underwent transection of the right femoral artery/vein, followed by 30s of free bleed, 3min of manual compression, and observation for up to 3h. EPC application achieved hemostasis and 100% survival for both formulations, compared to XStat® (85%), CG (67%), and no treatment (37%) (p 0.0228, Fisher exact). Mean total blood loss was lowest in EPC groups (~ 590mL) versus no treatment (1,683 ± 570mL), XStat® (784 ± 407mL), and CG (1,181 ± 721mL; p < 0.001 ANOVA). All other endpoints tended to favor the EPC formulations. EPC application for junctional-type injury produced wound tamponade with better survival, reduced blood loss, and better hemodynamic and laboratory parameters compared to no treatment, with trending improvements over XStat® and CG.