bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among mentally disabled and non-disabled primary school students, Bahir Dar, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, 2018: A comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Ayalew Agumas Fentahun , Achamyeleh Anemaw Asrat , Aniley Abebayehu Bitew , Admas Selamawit Mulat 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are still quite common in low-income countries including Ethiopia, particularly in children due to low-quality drinking water, poor personal and environmental sanitation. Disabled individuals are excluded from most academic, economic, social and cultural opportunities, they're among the poorest and most marginalized of the whole world’s people. The aim of this study was to assess the magnitude of Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among mentally disabled and non-disabled students at primary schools in Bahir Dar city, Amhara regional state, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: A school-based Comparative cross-sectional study design was used from November 1 - 30 2018. A total of 418 study participants, 104 mentally disabled and 314 non-disabled students were recruited through simple random sampling technique. The collected data were coded, entered and cleaned with EpiData version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with intestinal parasitic infections. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% Confidence interval at 5% level of significance was used to measure the strength of association, P-value <0.05 indicated the presence of a statistically significant association. Results: The mean age of study participants was 14.05±3.66 and 11.96 ±2.94 for mentally disabled students and non-disabled students respectively. Prevalence of parasitic infection was 59(56.7%) for mentally disabled students whereas 129(41.1%) for non-disabled students. Unclean fingernails [AOR=2.416; 1.400,4.168], health checkup [AOR=1.869;1.156,3.023], hand washing habit with water only[AOR=2.476; 1.489,4.119],cooking and sanitation source of water [AOR=4.404; 2.319,8.364], Family size>=7[AOR=2.736;1.249,5.994],Grade(1-4)[AOR=2.272;1.408,3.666]and sex [AOR=1.642;1.026,2.627] were variables which showed statistically significant association with intestinal parasitic infections Conclusion: Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was higher among mentally disabled students than non-disabled students. Unclean finger nails, health checkup, hand washing habit, source of water, family size, Grade of students and sex of students were had statistically significant association with intestinal parasitic infections. Periodic medicinal treatment was needed twice a year for mentally disabled and once a year for non-disabled students.
Clinical and economic impact of the implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship program in four Colombian healthcare institutions
Authors: Pallares Christian , Hernández-Gómez Cristhian , Reyes Sergio , Escandón-Vargas Kevin , Appel Tobias Manuel , Salcedo Soraya , Matta Lorena , Martínez Ernesto , Cobo Sara , Mora Laura , Marín Adriana , Villegas María Virginia 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background

Despite multiple reports of the benefits of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in developed countries, regarding patient safety, decrease in antimicrobial resistance, consumption and spending on antimicrobials, there is very limited evidence of the same benefits in a different economic and social context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and economic impact of the implementation of an ASP in Colombia.

Methods

We conducted a multicenter, quasi-experimental cohort study in four Colombian healthcare institutions between 2007 and 2014 including 900 patients (429 patients before and 471 after the implementation of the ASP) to evaluate the impact of these programs.

Results

Compared to the pre-ASP, the post-ASP group showed a greater adherence to the use of the empirical therapy and de-escalation based on the guidelines (45% vs. 9% and 92% vs. 8%, respectively; p < 0.001), as well as a higher proportion of clinical cure at the end of treatment and lower mortality (93% vs. 74% and 14% vs. 28%, respectively; p < 0.001). In the post-ASP patient group the opportunity for clinical improvement was 10 times greater compared with the pre-ASP group (adjusted OR = 10.40 95% CI 1.21-89.41) and there were less complications following targeted management (adjusted OR = 0.49 95% CI 0.25-0.97). Furthermore, after the implementation of the ASP there was lower average expenditure associated with hospital stay, laboratory tests, infectious diseases consultation, and empirical antimicrobial therapy choice.

Conclusion

With this study, we were able to show that even in limited income countries, ASPs are feasible to implement.
Beta-glucans from biomass of plant and microbial origin
Authors: Sharova N. Yu. , Manzhieva B. S. , Printseva A. A. , Vybornova T. V. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of the present study is to explore the transformation of (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucans of rye biomass byAspergills niger and accumulation of (1→3)(1→6)-β-D-glucans in the microbial cell wall.Biomass from rye grain was obtained as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis of grain grinding of Omsk region of non-standard quality with grain impurity content of 45 ± 2 % by preparations (1→4)-β-glucanolytic, (1→3)-β-glucanolytic, (1→4)-xylanolytic and (1→4)-amylolytic action. Fermentation of hydrolysates, sucrosemineral and molasses medium by A. niger was carried out by a batch process under aerobic conditions. Determined the content of β-glucans, amino-nitrogen, glucose, disaccharides in grinding grain rye, rye biomass, the biomass of A. niger, the supernatants by colorimetric methods. Determination of chitin in biomass and qualitative determination of chitosan in supernatants of hydrolysates was carried out using chitosan sulfate sample and subsequent microscopy.The results of the research showed that (1→3)(1→4)-β-D-glucans in grain grinding are 10.2 ± 0.2 % in terms of dry matter, which exceeds the content of polysaccharide in the grain of standard quality by 1.5 – 3 times. In rye biomass revealed their smaller amount, 6.4 ± 0.5 %, apparently, due to the action of (1→4)and (1→3)-β-glucanase, (1→4)-xylanase and (1→4)-amylase. In microbial mass A. niger content of (1→3)(1→6)-β-Dglucans were at the level of 21.7 ± 0.7 %.On the basis of the obtained results, it was concluded that it is possible to use rye grain of non-standard quality, with a high content of grain impurities and a low proportion of starch polysaccharides, as a source of β-glucancontaining substrate for biosynthesis (1→3)(1→6)-β-D-glucans by A. niger having advantages over (1→3) (1→4)-β-D-glucans of plant origin. They are functionally more active and have a wide range of applications, namely as food additives in the manufacture of a wide range of products: for the enrichment of fibers, increasing the shelf life of products due to its water-binding properties, as thickeners, emulsifying and fat-reducing microingredients, stabilizers of creamy emulsions, textureformers, flavor enhancers.
Physiological Characteristics Associated with Fiber Development in Two Naturally Colored Cotton Cultivars
Authors: Xiang Zhang , Pan Liang P. , Wei Du M. , Chen Zhao , Hua Wei C. , Yuan Chen , Di Dong Z. , Hua Chen D. 
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas
The dynamics of cellulose accumulation in colored cotton fiber increased in an S‐shaped curve, which was not asymmetric and could be simulated with Richards’ model (R2 > 0.999).
Chlorophyll concentrations (estimated by SPAD values) for colored cotton were lower, compared to white cotton, and the degradation rate was relatively faster. This resulted in lower contents of soluble sugar in the boll shell and the subtending leaf.
In the boll shell and the fiber, colored cotton had lower ATPase, sucrose invertase, and UDPG‐PPase activities. At 40 DPA, the SS activity for colored cotton was lower than for white cotton.
Naturally colored cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibers are commercially valuable, but low fiber quality limits their use. This study investigates changes in enzymes’ activities and substance contents involved in carbohydrate synthesis to provide a theoretical basis for improving colored cotton fiber quality. Brown cotton Xiangcaimian 2, green cotton Wanmian 39, and white cotton Sumian 9 (control) were used. Fiber cellulose accumulation for Xiangcaimian 2 and Wanmian 39 were lower than the control. Cellulose content was simulated by Richards’ equation (R2 > 0.999) and follows an “S” pattern—initial slow accumulation 0–10 d post anthesis (DPA), then rapid 10–40 DPA, then slow 40–50 DPA. Maximum accumulation, the cumulative rate parameter, and maximum cumulative rate for cellulose of colored cotton were all lower for control. Further analysis showed SPAD chlorophyll meter readings, soluble sugar content, leaf sucrose invertase activity, adenosine triphosphatase, sucrose synthase, and uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (UDPG‐PPase) activities in colored fiber were lower than control. Results suggest insufficient nutrients for boll and fiber development, resulting in lower fiber quality and boll dry weight in colored cotton. Sucrose synthase and UDPG‐PPase activities in colored fiber were significantly correlated with fiber maturation (r = 0.884*, r = 0.914*) and fiber strength (r = 0.895*, r = 0.935*), indicating lower metabolite and enzyme activities in colored cotton reduced fiber quality. Therefore, it appears improving colored cotton fiber quality may require selection efforts to increase photosynthetic capacity in leaves and transportation capacity of carbohydrates in the boll to supply more nutrient during fiber development.
Economic Performance of Long‐term Organic and Conventional Crop Rotations in the Mid‐Atlantic
Authors: White Kathryn E. , Cavigelli Michel A. , Conklin Anne E. , Rasmann Christopher 
Published: April 2019

Core Ideas
Premium prices resulted in greater organic system returns despite lower yields.
Perennial forage in extended rotation improves organic system economic performance.
Perennial forage stabilizes returns, reducing economic risk.
ABSTRACTIncreased demand for organic grain in the United States is resulting in increased production. However, no economic analysis in the United States accounts for post 2005 increases in commodity prices, fuel, and fertilizer costs. This analysis includes costs, yields, and net returns from the five cropping systems at the USDA‐ARS Farming Systems Project in Beltsville, MD, between 2006 and 2014. Costs for organic corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) (Org2) and corn–soybean–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (Org3) rotations and a 3‐yr conventional Chisel Till grain rotation were similar, but expenses in an organic 6‐yr (Org6) corn–soybean–wheat–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) rotation were higher due to the cost of managing an alfalfa crop. The conventional no‐till grain rotation production costs were lowest. Tillage was a major contributor to total cost in the four tilled systems. Mean returns from Org6 (US$858) were similar to those from No‐till ($702) while returns for Org2 and Org3 ($585 and $589) were similar to those for Chisel Till ($502). Among organic systems economic risk was inversely proportional to crop rotation length. The shorter organic rotations were more sensitive to changes in organic price premiums relative to Org6. At Org2 and Org3 breakeven price premiums the Org6 mean return would only be reduced by 32 and 37%, respectively, remaining similar to Chisel Till. For Org6 risk was much lower than the other organic and the conventional systems, demonstrating that long, diverse rotations reduce overall risk, even in comparison to a conventional No‐till system.
E-Learning Satisfaction: A Perspective on UiTM E-PJJ Students
Authors: KAMARALZAMAN SURIANOR , ABDUL TALIB FAIZAH ELIZA , CHE MAMAT RUSALBIAH , MOHI@MOHYI ZURINAWATI , DAHALAN MUHAMMAD ASYRAF 
Published: April 2019

E-PJJ is a form of e-learning system that offers working adults to engagein UiTM’s distance learning programme. The system provides the studentsaccess to the course materials and lecture notes as well as to the interactionamong students, and between students and the lecturers. The purpose of thisstudy was to identify student’s satisfaction toward e-learning programmeoffered by Institute of Neo Education (iNED). A survey questionnairewas administered among the respondents who are undergraduates inthe e-PJJ degree programmes, iNED at UiTM Shah Alam. This researchexamined the relationship of delivery method, content, communicationfacilities and system operations towards the level of student’s satisfaction.The findings showed a positive relationship between delivery methods,content, communication facilities, also system operations and student’ssatisfaction. In addition, delivery method scored a moderate positiverelationship towards student’s satisfaction. This study might be veryuseful for the institution that offer similar programme, namely distancelearning that requires ICT to distribute knowledge, to teach and learn.All the shortcomings in the distance learning would be resolved for bettereducation and service quality for future students.
Keywords: e-learning, distance learning, E-PJJ, student’s satisfaction,higher education.
Ethnicity, Social Influence, Eco-Label and Purchase Intention of Consumers of Green Home Electronic Products
Authors: HASHIM NOR HASHIMA , Yahya Wan Kalthom , Asrul Siti Aisyah 
Published: April 2019

Today green consumers are creating a new economy around the globe.Indeed, the ‘green consumer’ idea was the focus of academicians andmanufacturers at the end of 1980s and in the early 1990s. Likewise, risingknowledge on the various environmental problems has led a change in theway consumers go about their life. People are insistently trying to reducetheir impact on the environment and living a ‘green lifestyle’. As a result,business has seen this change in consumer attitudes and is trying to sellmany green products by exploiting the potential in the green market industry.Using green home electronic products are environmental initiatives forconsumers to become green consumers. Research, although limited in theareas of ethnicity and green electronic home products, does suggest that aconsumer’s ethnicity will influence their attitude toward home electronicchoices, which in turn will affect their purchase decision. Therefore, thegoal of the present study was to expand the body of research concerningethnicity and its influence on purchase of green home electronic products.Therefore, this study examines if there exist differences in ethnic groups forthe intention to purchase home electronic products, namely air conditioner,refrigerator and television. A total of 251 self-administered questionnaireswere collected from respondents living within the cities of Klang Valley,
Malacca and Penang. Results of the study show eco-label information isimportant in all three ethnic groups while social influence was not importantto the Indians when purchasing green home electronic products. The resultsof the study indicate the importance of viewing ethnic consumer groupsas unique markets and suggest some possible areas for further research.
Planetary gentrification and urban (re)development
Authors: Lees Loretta 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Gentrification is no-longer, if it ever was, a small scale process of urban transformation. Gentrification globally is more often practised as large scale urban redevelopment. It is state-led or state-induced. The results are clear – the displacement and disenfranchisement of low income groups in favour of wealthier in-movers. So, why has gentrification come to dominate policy making worldwide and what can be done about it?
Analisis perkembangan motorik kasar ditinjau dari status gizi berdasarkan WHO di TK Bayangkara Polres Jember
Authors: Muflihatin Indah , Purnasari Galih , Swari Selvia 
Published: April 2019

Status gizi pada balita atau anak usia dini merupakan hal yang sangat penting yang harus diketahui oleh setiap orang tua, oleh karena itu sangat diperlukan perhatian yang lebih dalam terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak di usia dini. Masa anak di usia dini merupakan masa emas oleh karena diharapkan pada masa ini jangan sampai anak mengalami status gizi yang tidak baik karena dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan pada anak. NCHS merupakan standart dari WHO yang bisa digunakan untuk menilai status gizi pada anak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh status gizi berdasarkan WHO NCHS terhadap perkembangan motorik kasar. Penelitian merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional, dengan sampel sebesar 30 PUS yang diambil dengan tehnik samling. Pengambilan data dilakukan bulan Agustus – November 2017. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis chi square. Hasil uji statistik Somers’d menunjukkan bahwa nilai a = 0,014 < a (0,05) artinya status gizi memiliki asosiasi yang signifikan dengan perkembangan motorik kasar. Selanjutnya, hasil analisis dan kesimpulan penelitian merupakan dasar dalam pemecahan masalah kesehatan. Rekomendasi diberikan berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan status gizi pada anak sehingga anak dapat tumbuh dan berkembang secara optimal. Kata Kunci: motorik kasar, status gizi.
PENGARUH PROMOSI JABATAN DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA KARYAWAN PADA PT. PERWITA MARGASAKTI JAKARTA
Authors: Harini Sri , Damayanti Silviana 
Published: April 2019

Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) ialah aset yang sangat penting, terutama bagi organisasi maupun perusahaan. Mengingat besarnya peran dari Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dalam suatu organisasi maupun perusahaan, sudah sepantasnya apabila suatu organisasi atau perusahaan memperhatikan semua aspek-aspek mengenai Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM). Dalam meningkatkan kepuasan kerja berbagai cara dapat dilakukan misalnya, dengan pemberian kompensasi dan promosi jabatan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh promosi jabatan dan kompensasi terhadap kepuasan kerja karyawan pada PT. Perwita Margasakti. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Populasi yang digunakan adalah karyawan perusahaan yang secara keseluruhan berjumlah 79 orang karyawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan promosi jabatan dan kompensasi secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Secara parsial promosi jabatan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, dan kompensasi juga berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja.Kata Kunci : Promosi Jabatan, Kompensasi, Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan
I Go To ’Tanties’: The Economic Significance Of Child-Shifting in Antigua, West Indies
Authors: Gordon Sally W. 
Published: April 2019

Child-shifting or fosterage has elsewhere been noted to occur in the West Indies and, in different forms, throughout the world. The reallocation of dependent or minor children to a household not including a natural parent often benefits tow households, both the child-giver and the child-re ceiver, and does not occur from any lack of affection for the child. This analysis of child-shifting in Antigua, West Indies describes the custom as an adaptive strategy for household formation or an alternative householdlevel economic strategy related or parallel to pooling of resources. The article argues that in Antigua, households are manipulating household composition in order to manage dependency relative to resources, or equalize this relationship among households within the community. It is a mechanism particularly well suited to an externally-constrained economy with multiple vagaries in which migration is a long-standing and essential economic option. Futhermore, this analysis tentatively confirms and suggests the value of further testing of Wilk and Nettings hypothesis that when a womans productive tasks outside the household are incompatible with a reproductive strategy requiring high fertility, then the household is more likely to be expanded to include nursemaids or surrogate mothers. In the Antiguan context, high fertility is advantageous as a mechanism for insuring resource multiplicity, i.e., a life-span economic strategy based on increasing accumulation of diverse sources and forms of income, both cash and in-kind. In addition, women can and do exploit the economic niche of migration, a productive activity which clearly necessitates surrogate child caretakers. Thus the West Indian tradition of child-shifting as an element of the normative pattern of household formation allows for substantial elasticity in household morphology and is essentially an economic strategy.
Interracial Marriage and Divorce in Kansas and the Question of Instability of Mixed Marriages
Authors: Monahan Thomas P. 
Published: April 2019

Some critical comments on studies of interracial marriage are offered, and caution is urged in using information purporting to disclose the nature of the interracial marriage phen omenon, including United States Census and Vital Statistics data. The legal history of racial intermarriage in Kansas is outlined, and its statistical data upon these events are briefly evaluated. Beginning with the year 1947, mixed race marriage and divorce statistics for White, Mexican, Negro, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, and Other races in Kansas are presented. The figures show a rather steady rise in the proportion of mixed marriages, but Negroes appear to be the least intermarried of the minority groups and account for less than one-half of mixed marriages. In the late 1960’s about 15 per cent of all the nonwhite marriages (7 per cent for Negroes separately) were mixed. Important differences appear for the several other races. In Kansas, as in Iowa, mixed Negro marriages probably have been more stable than homogamous Negro marriages. Again, whether or not a certain type of mixed race marriage will endure would seem to depend upon the particular races intermarrying, the social circumstances surrounding them at the time, and the nature of the marital choice itself.
Social Construction of Ethnicity Versus Personal Experience: The Case of Afro-Amerasians
Authors: Williams Teresa Kay , Thornton Michael C. 
Published: April 2019

Most research on interracial couples, families, children, and individuals have tended to focus on Black-White, Asian-White, and minority-majority combinations. Moreover, early studies have focused on the problematic social and psychological adjustments of Amerasian individuals and their families. In addition to the maladjustments of racial strife and personal identity struggles, Amerasians also have to contend with the legacy of war, military occupation, poverty, and social and ecological devastation. Thus, these compounded problems have been treated as possessing permanent, irreparable, and debilitating effects on the racial esteem and ethnic identity development of Amerasian individuals and families. The Afro-Amerasian’s multiple marginalized social status has been assumed to problematize further their already “troubled” identities. However, new research has indicated that Afro-Amerasians, despite their multiple minority status in the United States and the sociopolitical conditions in Asia, have responded to their social circumstances with resilience and have constructed a variety of personal and social identities in which race and ethnicity play a critical part. It is precisely their multiple marginalized social status that makes them an important Amerasian subpopulation. The personal identity struggles and resolutions that Afro-Amerasian individuals undergo within themselves, within their families, and within their social groups can be seen as analogous to what socially defined racial and ethnic groups face on a structural inter-group level. There is much sociological insight to be gained from studying and understanding the Afro-Amerasian.