bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization‐Sensitive and Broadband Photodetection Based on a Mixed‐Dimensionality TiS3/Si p–n Junction
Authors: Niu Yue , Frisenda Riccardo , Flores Eduardo , Ares Jose R. , Jiao Weicheng , Perez de Lara David , Sánchez Carlos , Wang Rongguo , Ferrer Isabel J. , Castellanos‐Gomez Andres 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe capability to detect the polarization state of light is crucial in many day‐life applications and scientific disciplines. Novel anisotropic 2D materials such as TiS3 combine polarization sensitivity, given by the in‐plane optical anisotropy, with excellent electrical properties. Here, the fabrication of a monolithic polarization‐sensitive broadband photodetector based on a mixed‐dimensionality TiS3/Si p–n junction is demonstrated. The fabricated devices show broadband responsivity up to 1050 nm, a strong sensitivity to linearly polarized illumination with difference between the two orthogonal polarization states up to 350%, and a good detectivity and fast response time. The discussed devices can be used as building blocks to fabricate more complex polarization‐sensitive systems such as polarimeters.
Emergence of Dynamical Dissipative Structures in a Bistable Spin Crossover Solid Under Light: Experience and Theory
Authors: Boukheddaden Kamel , Sy Mouhamadou , Varret François 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this article, the basic spatiotemporal theory elucidating the physical conditions leading to the emergence of dissipative structures and pattern formation in spin‐crossover solids under light causing their photo‐heating is outlined. In this context, the spatiotemporal properties of the spin‐crossover (SC) transition are described as a reaction diffusion process. The time evolution of the spin state (the high spin fraction) is coupled to the spatiotemporal properties of temperature inside the lattice, accounting for: (i) the crystal photo‐heating, (ii) the coupling to thermal bath, and (iii) the thermal diffusion. It is demonstrated that around well‐defined unstable regions, this system leads to the emergence of nonstationary Turing patterns, dynamic dissipative structures, and autocatalytic oscillations of which an experimental example is provided on the SC single crystal ([{Fe(NCSe)(py)2}2(m‐bpypz)]). These results pave the way to a new fertilized field in the quest of nonlinear dynamics and morphogenesis in molecular switchable solids undergoing first‐order phase transitions.
Mechanisms of sepsis‐induced immunosuppression and immunological modification therapies for sepsis
Authors: Ono Satoshi , Tsujimoto Hironori , Hiraki Shuichi , Aosasa Suefumi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSurgical injury can be a life‐threatening complication, not only due to the injury itself, but also due to immune responses to the injury and subsequent development of infections, which readily result in sepsis. Sepsis remains the leading cause of death in most intensive care units. Unfavorable outcomes of several high‐profile trials in the treatment of sepsis have led researchers to state that sepsis studies need a new direction. The immune response that occurs during sepsis is characterized by a cytokine‐mediated hyper‐inflammatory phase, which most patients survive, and a subsequent immunosuppressive phase. Therefore, therapies that improve host immunity might increase the survival of patients with sepsis. Many mechanisms are responsible for sepsis‐induced immunosuppression, including apoptosis of immune cells, increased regulatory T cells and expression of programmed cell death 1 on CD4+ T cells, and cellular exhaustion. Immunomodulatory molecules that were recently identified include interleukin‐7, interleukin‐15, and anti‐programmed cell death 1. Recent studies suggest that immunoadjuvant therapy is the next major advance in sepsis treatment.
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis: 2018 Update on diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment
Authors: Gertz Morie A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDisease OverviewImmunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis is a clonal, nonproliferative plasma cell disorder in which fragments of immunoglobulin light or heavy chain are deposited in tissues. Clinical features depend on organs involved but can include restrictive cardiomyopathy, nephrotic syndrome, hepatic dysfunction, peripheral/autonomic neuropathy, and “atypical multiple myeloma.”DiagnosisTissue biopsy stained with Congo red demonstrating amyloid deposits with apple‐green birefringence is required for diagnosis. Invasive organ biopsy is not required because amyloid deposits can be found in bone marrow, salivary gland, or subcutaneous fat aspirate in 85% of patients. Verification that amyloid is composed of immunoglobulin light chains is mandatory. The gold standard is laser capture mass spectroscopy.PrognosisN‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), serum troponin T, and difference between involved and uninvolved immunoglobulin free light chain values are used to classify patients into four groups of similar size; median survivals are 94.1, 40.3, 14.0, and 5.8 months.TherapyAll patients with a systemic amyloid syndrome require therapy to prevent deposition of amyloid in other organs and prevent progressive organ failure. Stem cell transplant (SCT) is preferred, but only 20% of patients are eligible. Requirements for safe SCT include systolic blood pressure >90 mm Hg, troponin T < 0.06 ng/mL, age < 70 years, and serum creatinine ≤1.7 mg/dL. Nontransplant candidates can be offered melphalan‐dexamethasone or cyclophosphamide‐bortezomib‐dexamethasone. Daratumumab appears to be highly active in AL amyloidosis. Antibodies designed to dissolve existing amyloid deposits are under study.Future ChallengesDelayed diagnosis remains a major obstacle to initiating effective therapy.Educational ObjectivesUpon completion of this educational activity, participants will be better able to:
Master recognition of clinical presentations that should raise suspicion of amyloidosis.
Understand simple techniques for confirming the diagnosis and providing material to classify the protein subunit.
Recognize that a tissue diagnosis of amyloidosis does not indicate whether the amyloid is systemic or of immunoglobulin light chain origin.
Understand the roles of the newly introduced chemotherapeutic and investigational antibody regimens for the therapy of light chain amyloidosis.
Heralded Universal Quantum Gate and Entangler Assisted by Imperfect Double‐Sided Quantum‐Dot‐Microcavity Systems
Authors: Wei Hai‐Rui , Chen Ning‐Yang , Liu Ji‐Zhen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractEfficient ways are presented to accomplish photonic controlled‐phase‐flip gate and entangler with the assistance of imperfect double‐sided quantum‐dot‐microcavity systems, but without ancillary qubits. Compact quantum circuits for implementing entanglement swapping between photon pairs and electron pairs are then designed. Unity fidelities of the schemes can be achieved, and physical imperfections in the construction processes are detected by single‐photon detectors. Also, the efficiencies of the schemes can be further improved by repeating the operation processes when the undesired performances are detected. The evaluations show that the schemes are possible with current experiment parameters.
Identifying the Structural Evolution of the Sodium Ion Battery Na2FePO4F Cathode
Authors: Li Qi , Liu Zigeng , Zheng Feng , Liu Rui , Lee Jeongjae , Xu Gui‐Liang , Zhong Guiming , Hou Xu , Fu Riqiang , Chen Zonghai , Amine Khalil , Mi Jinxiao , Wu Shunqing , Grey Clare P. , Yang Yong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNa2FePO4F is a promising cathode material for Na‐ion batteries owing to its relatively high discharge voltage and excellent cycling performance. Now, the long‐ and short‐range structural evolution of Na2FePO4F during cycling is studied by in situ high‐energy X‐ray diffraction (XRD), ex situ solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and first‐principles DFT calculations. DFT calculations suggest that the intermediate phase, Na1.5FePO4F, adopts the space group of P21/c, which is a subgroup (P21/b11, No. 14) of Pbcn (No. 60), the space group of the starting phase, Na2FePO4F, and this space group provides a good fit to the experimental XRD and NMR results. The two crystallographically unique Na sites in the structure of Na2FePO4F behave differently during cycling, where the Na ions on the Na2 site are electrochemically active while those on the Na1 site are inert. This study determines the structural evolution and the electrochemical reaction mechanisms of Na2FePO4F in a Na‐ion battery.
Photolumineszierende Diamidophosphankomplexe der Erdalkalimetalle, des Aluminiums und des Zinks
Authors: Bestgen Sebastian , Schoo Christoph , Neumeier B. Lilli , Feuerstein Thomas J. , Zovko Christina , Köppe Ralf , Feldmann Claus , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie positiv geladenen und schwach polarisierbaren s‐Block‐Metalle tragen üblicherweise keine Phosphanliganden in ihren molekularen Verbindungen. Hier wird von ein‐ und zweikernigen Diamidophosphankomplexen der Erdalkalimetalle Mg, Ca und Sr berichtet, die aus gängigen Startverbindungen mit N,N‐Bis(2‐(diphenylphosphanyl)phenyl)ethan‐1,2‐diamin (PNHNHP) leicht erhalten werden können. Die Erdalkalimetallkomplexe [(PNNP)Mg]2 und [(PNNP)M(thf)3] (M=Ca, Sr) weisen M‐P‐Koordinationen sowie intensive Fluoreszenz sowohl in Lösung als auch im Festkörper auf. Weiterhin wurden die noch stärker lumineszierenden Verbindungen von Al und Zn – [(PNNP)Zn]2 und [(PNNP)AlCl] – dargestellt. Emissionslebensdauern im Nanosekundenbereich sowie hohe Photolumineszenz‐Quantenausbeuten von bis zu 93 % werden bei Raumtemperatur beobachtet.
FRET Monitoring of Intracellular Ketal Hydrolysis in Synthetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Nuhn Lutz , Van Herck Simon , Best Andreas , Deswarte Kim , Kokkinopoulou Maria , Lieberwirth Ingo , Koynov Kaloian , Lambrecht Bart N. , De Geest Bruno G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDegradable synthetic crosslinking is a versatile strategy to harness nanomaterials against disassembly in a complex physiological medium prompted by dilution effects or competitive interaction. In particular, chemical bonds such as ketals that are stable at physiological conditions but are cleaved in response to disease‐mediated or intracellular conditions (e.g., a mildly acidic pH) are of great relevance for biomedical applications. Despite the range of spectroscopic or chromatographic analyses methods that allow chemical degradation in solution to be assessed, it is much less straightforward to interrogate synthetic nanomaterials for their degradation state when located inside a living organism. We demonstrate a method based on FRET analysis to monitor intracellular disassembly of block‐copolymer‐derived nanoparticles engineered with a FRET couple on separate polymer chains, which after self‐assembly are covalently crosslinked with a pH‐sensitive ketal‐containing crosslinker.
Self‐Assembled Functional DNA Superstructures as High‐Density and Versatile Recognition Elements for Printed Paper Sensors
Authors: Liu Meng , Zhang Qiang , Kannan Balamurali , Botton Gianluigi A. , Yang Jie , Soleymani Leyla , Brennan John D. , Li Yingfu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMicrometer‐sized functional nucleic acid (FNA) superstructures (denoted as 3D DNA) were examined as a unique class of biorecognition elements to produce highly functional bioactive paper surfaces. 3D DNA containing repeating sequences of either a DNA aptamer or DNAzyme was created from long‐chain products of rolling circle amplification followed by salt aging. The resulting 3D DNA retained its original spherical shape upon inkjet printing and adhered strongly to the paper surface via physisorption. 3D DNA paper sensors showed resistance to degradation by nucleases, suppressed nonspecific protein adsorption, and provided a much higher surface density of functional DNA relative to monomeric FNAs, making such species ideally suited for development of paper‐based biosensors.
A Rotaxane‐like Cage‐in‐Ring Structural Motif for a Metallosupramolecular Pd6L12 Aggregate
Authors: Käseborn Matthias , Holstein Julian J. , Clever Guido H. , Lützen Arne 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA BODIPY‐based bis(3‐pyridyl) ligand undergoes self‐assembly upon coordination to tetravalent palladium(II) cations to form a Pd6L12 metallosupramolecular assembly with an unprecedented structural motif that resembles a rotaxane‐like cage‐in‐ring arrangement. In this assembly the ligand adopts two different conformations—a C‐shaped one to form a Pd2L4 cage which is located in the center of a Pd4L8 ring consisting of ligands in a W‐shaped conformation. This assembly is not mechanically interlocked in the sense of catenation but it is stabilized only by attractive π‐stacking between the peripheral BODIPY chromophores and the ligands’ skeleton as well as attractive van der Waals interactions between the long alkoxy chains. As a result, the co‐arrangement of the two components leads to a very efficient space filling. The overall structure can be described as a rotaxane‐like assembly with a metallosupramolecular cage forming the axle in a metallosupramolecular ring. This unique structural motif could be characterized via ESI mass spectrometry, NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography.
Tailormade Polysaccharides with Defined Branching Patterns: Enzymatic Polymerization of Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides
Authors: Senf Deborah , Ruprecht Colin , Kishani Saina , Matic Aleksandar , Toriz Guillermo , Gatenholm Paul , Wågberg Lars , Pfrengle Fabian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe heterogeneous nature of non‐cellulosic polysaccharides, such as arabinoxylan, makes it difficult to correlate molecular structure with macroscopic properties. To study the impact of specific structural features of the polysaccharides on crystallinity or affinity to other cell wall components, collections of polysaccharides with defined repeating units are required. Herein, a chemoenzymatic approach to artificial arabinoxylan polysaccharides with systematically altered branching patterns is described. The polysaccharides were obtained by glycosynthase‐catalyzed polymerization of glycosyl fluorides derived from arabinoxylan oligosaccharides. X‐ray diffraction and adsorption experiments on cellulosic surfaces revealed that the physicochemical properties of the synthetic polysaccharides strongly depend on the specific nature of their substitution patterns. The artificial polysaccharides allow structure–property relationship studies that are not accessible by other means.
Light‐Triggered Release of Trapped Charges in Molecular Assemblies
Authors: Balgley Renata , Algavi Yadid M. , Elool Dov Neta , Lahav Michal , van der Boom Milko E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate the mediation of charge transport and release in thin films and devices by shifting the redox properties of layers of metal complexes by light. The nanoscale surface arrangement of both photo‐ and electrochemically‐active components is essential for the function of the thin films. Layers of well‐defined ruthenium complexes on indium‐tin‐oxide electrodes provide electron‐transport channels that allow the electrochemical addressing of layers of isostructural cobalt complexes. These cobalt complexes are electrochemically inactive when assembled directly on transparent metal‐oxide electrodes. The interlayer of ruthenium complexes on such electrodes allows irreversible oxidation of the cobalt complexes. However, shifting the redox properties of the ruthenium complexes by excitation with light opens up an electron‐transport channel to reduce the cobalt complexes; hence releasing the trapped positive charges.
Wet‐spinning assembly of continuous and macroscopic graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile reinforced composite fibers with enhanced mechanical properties and thermal stability
Authors: Zhao Renhai , Tian Mingwei , Qu Lijun , Zhao Yuling , Chen Shaojuan , Zhu Shifeng , Han Guangting 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite microfibers with different contents of graphene oxide (GO) were fabricated via wet‐spinning route in this work. Based on nonsolvent‐induced phase separation theory, N,N‐dimethyl formamide/water mixture system was employed as coagulation bath, nonsolvent (water) diffused into PAN spinning solution and led to a quick PAN fiber solidification. Nematic liquid crystal state of GO dispersions and GO/PAN spinning solutions were determined via polarized optical microscopy images, and the morphology and structure of the composite fibers were characterized via scanning electron microscope, Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and X‐ray diffraction. 1 wt % GO/PAN composite fibers exhibited outstanding mechanical properties, 40% enhancement in tensile strength and 34% enhancement in Young's modulus compared with pure PAN fiber. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the composite fiber with 1 wt % GO performed the best thermal mechanical property with 5.5 GPa and 0.139 in storage modulus and loss tangent, respectively. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis showed that thermal stability of the composite fibers enhanced with the increasing GO contents. GO/PAN composite fibers can be as the candidate of carbon fiber precursor, high performance fibers, and textiles applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46950.
Disease‐Modifying Osteoarthritis Treatment With Interleukin‐1 Receptor Antagonist Gene Therapy in Small and Large Animal Models
Authors: Nixon Alan J. , Grol Matthew W. , Lang Hayley M. , Ruan Merry Z. C. , Stone Adrianne , Begum Laila , Chen Yuqing , Dawson Brian , Gannon Francis , Plutizki Stanislav , Lee Brendan H. L. , Guse Kilian 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveGene therapy holds great promise for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) because a single intraarticular injection can lead to long‐term expression of therapeutic proteins within the joint. This study was undertaken to investigate the use of a helper‐dependent adenovirus (HDAd)–mediated intraarticular gene therapy approach for long‐term expression of interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1Ra) as sustained symptomatic and disease‐modifying therapy for OA.MethodsIn mouse models of OA, efficacy of HDAd–IL‐1Ra was evaluated by histologic analysis, micro–computed tomography (micro‐CT), and hot plate analysis. In a horse OA model, safety and efficacy of HDAd–IL‐1Ra were evaluated by blood chemistry, analyses of synovial fluid, synovial membrane, and cartilage, and gross pathology and lameness assessments.ResultsIn skeletally immature mice, HDAd–IL‐1Ra prevented development of cartilage damage, osteophytes, and synovitis. In skeletally immature and mature mice, treatment with HDAd–interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist post–OA induction resulted in improved—albeit not significantly—cartilage status assessed histologically and significantly increased cartilage volume, cartilage surface, and bone surface covered by cartilage as assessed by micro‐CT. Fewer osteophytes were observed in HDAd–IL‐1Ra–treated skeletally immature mice. Synovitis was not affected in skeletally immature or mature mice. HDAd–IL‐1Ra protected against disease‐induced thermal hyperalgesia in skeletally mature mice. In the horse OA model, HDAd–IL‐1Ra therapy significantly improved lameness parameters, indicating efficient symptomatic treatment. Moreover, macroscopically and histologically assessed cartilage and synovial membrane parameters were significantly improved, suggesting disease‐modifying efficacy.ConclusionThese data from OA models in small and large animals demonstrated safe symptomatic and disease‐modifying treatment with an HDAd‐expressing IL‐1Ra. Furthermore, this study establishes HDAd as a vector for joint gene therapy.
Gas fermentation of C1 feedstocks: commercialization status and future prospects
Authors: Teixeira Leonardo V. , Moutinho Liza F. , Romão‐Dumaresq Aline S. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe increasing emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and carbon oxide (collectively referred as C1 compounds) are likely to configure a major contribution to global warming and other environmental issues. The implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) is considered a crucial strategy to prevent global warming, but the overall costs of currently available CCS technologies are still prohibitive for its large‐scale deployment. Using microorganisms capable of assimilating C1 compounds for producing value‐added products could be an important driver for mitigating emissions and minimizing their deleterious consequences, while simultaneously deriving additional economic benefits from these compounds. This review summarizes the main microorganisms and metabolic routes being investigated, with special focus on both the products targeted and the current industrial initiatives. There are a number of companies investing in these routes and in some instances commercial deployment was identified. Despite the variety of commercially‐appealing products, genetic manipulation of microorganisms to maximize yields and the design of technologies capable of efficiently using the gaseous feedstocks are major challenges yet to be overcome to fully unlock the potential of C1 microbiological routes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Open or endovascular revascularization in the treatment of acute lower limb ischaemia
Authors: Grip O , Wanhainen A , Michaëlsson K , Lindhagen L , Björck M 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background
Consensus is lacking regarding intervention for patients with acute lower limb ischaemia (ALI). The aim was to study amputation-free survival in patients treated for ALI by either primary open or endovascular revascularization.

Methods
The Swedish Vascular Registry (Swedvasc) was combined with the Population Registry and National Patient Registry to determine follow-up on mortality and amputation rates. Revascularization techniques were compared by propensity score matching 1 : 1.

Results
Of 9736 patients who underwent open surgery and 6493 who had endovascular treatment between 1994 and 2014, 3365 remained in each group after propensity score matching. Results are from the matched cohort only. Mean age of the patients was 74·7 years; 47·5 per cent were women and mean follow-up was 4·3 years. At 30-day follow-up, the endovascular group had better patency (83·0 versus 78·6 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). Amputation rates were similar at 30 days (7·0 per cent in the endovascular group versus 8·2 per cent in the open group; P = 0·113) and at 1 year (13·8 versus 14·8 per cent; P = 0·320). The mortality rate was lower after endovascular treatment, at 30 days (6·7 versus 11·1 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and after 1 year (20·2 versus 28·6 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). Accordingly, endovascular treatment had better amputation-free survival at 30 days (87·5 versus 82·1 per cent; P &lt; 0·001) and 1 year (69·9 versus 61·1 per cent; P &lt; 0·001). The number needed to treat to prevent one death within the first year was 12 with an endovascular compared with an open approach. Five years after surgery, endovascular treatment still had improved survival (HR 0·78, 99 per cent c.i. 0·70 to 0·86) but the difference between the treatment groups occurred mainly in the first year.

Conclusion
Primary endovascular treatment for ALI appeared to reduce mortality compared with open surgery, without any difference in the risk of amputation.