bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Media Pembelajaran Fisika Modern Berbasis Android Menggunakan Adobe Flash CS6 dengan Animasi Tiga Dimensi pada Materi Model Atom untuk Siswa Kelas XII SMA
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati , Oktova Raden , Lestari Della Putri Nindi 
Published: February 2018

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract:</strong>. Developments in educational technologies are influenced by developments of technologies in general, including the use of android-based smartphones as a learning medium. At high schools android-based learning provides an attractive alternative to conventional independent learning using work sheets. This paper reports the development of a practical, interactive and attractive android-based modern physics learning medium on atomic models using Adobe Flash CS6 with three-dimensional animations for twelfth year high school students. The development was based on the ADDIE model (Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation). The feasibility of the medium was validated using questionnaires by medium (IT) experts, subject experts, and twelfth year high school students as users. The feasibility level of the medium given by the medium experts, the subject experts, and the students are, respectively, 95.0 %, 93.0 %, dan 85.0 %. It is concluded that the medium developed is feasible for independent learning.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak:</strong> Perkembangan teknologi pendidikan tidak terlepas dari perkembangan teknologi pada umumnya, termasuk penggunaan telepon pintar berbasis android sebagai media pembelajaran. Di SMA, pembelajaran berbasis android dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif yang menarik dibandingkan pembelajaran mandiri konvensional dengan mengerjakan lembar kerja siswa (LKS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran Fisika Modern berbasis android menggunakan Adobe Flash CS6 dengan animasi tiga dimensi pada materi Model Atom untuk siswa Kelas XII SMA yang praktis, interaktif dan menarik untuk belajar secara mandiri. Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah ADDIE (Analysis-Design-Development-Implementation-Evaluation). Untuk mengetahui kelayakan media dilakukan validasi dengan angket oleh ahli media (TI), ahli materi, dan pengguna siswa Kelas XII SMA. Tingkat kelayakan media yang diberikan oleh ahli media, ahli materi dan pengguna berturut-turut adalah sebesar 95,0 %, 93,0%, dan 85,0 %. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media yang dikembangkan layak digunakan untuk belajar secara mandiri.</p>
Metode Analisis Model Peluruhan Bahan Radioaktif dengan Menggunakan Sensor Gaya dan Rekaman Video
Authors: Apriati Yosephine Novita , Santosa Ign Edi 
Published: February 2018

<p class="AbstractEnglish"><strong>Abstract: </strong>The number of decayed radioactive materials each time leads to the exponential law. Process of the decaying radioactive materials can’t easily be seen, so it can be modeled using the flow of water from a vertical column through a pipe. A force sensor can be used to collect data that showing the decline of water surface in a column. A pipe inserted in a tube contain of water is suspended in the force sensor. The force sensor is connected to a computer. The output shows an exponential graph identical to the exponential law of radioactive decay graph. Another method to collect data for height of water surface each time is using a camera. A video of the declining water surface can be analyzed using video analyzer from Logger Pro. The graph result is also identical with the radioactive decay graph. From both of the methods the decay constant can be found. By using a pipe with radius cm the decay constant for force sensor and camera methods consequently are and The method using a video record that being analyzed by video analyzer is easier to be done because the tools are easy to get. A camera can even be found in a cellphone and an application providing video analysis also can easily be downloaded from the internet.</p><p class="KeywordsEngish"> </p><p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Jumlah bahan radioaktif yang meluruh setiap waktu mengikuti grafik eksponensial. Peristiwa peluruhan bahan radioaktif yang sulit diamati dapat dimodelkan dengan menggunakan peristiwa penurunan air dalam suatu tabung yang diberi pipa keluaran. Salah satu metode pencatatan data peristiwa penurunan tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan sensor gaya. Sebuah tabung berisi air yang diberi pipa keluaran digantungkan pada sebuah sensor gaya yang dihubungkan dengan komputer. Hasil grafik berat air setiap waktu menunjukkan grafik eksponensial yang identik dengan grafik peluruhan bahan radioaktif. Metode lain yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan merekam ketinggian air setiap waktu di dalam tabung menggunakan kamera. Hasil rekaman dianalisis dengan menggunakan aplikasi <em>video analyzer</em> dari <em>software Logger Pro. </em>Hasil analisis menunjukkan ketinggian air setiap waktu mengikuti grafik peluruhan bahan radioaktif. Dengan menggunakan pipa keluaran berukuran cm diperoleh nilai konstanta peluruhan dengan metode sensor gaya dan metode rekaman secara berturut-turut adalah dan Metode dengan rekaman video yang dianalisis dengan aplikasi <em>video analyzer</em> dari <em>software Logger Pro </em> lebih mudah dilakukan karena hanya membutuhkan sebuah kamera perekam. Aplikasi <em>video analyzer</em> juga mudah diunduh di internet.</p>
Profil Kesalahan Siswa dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Getaran dan Gelombang Berbasis HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill)
Authors: Ekawati Fitrianing , Handhika Jeffry , Huriawati Farida 
Published: February 2018

<p class="AbstrakIndonesia"><strong>Abstrak: </strong>Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesalahan-kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal fisika pada materi getaran dan gelombang. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan SMPN 2 Geger. Subyek penelitian yang dipilih adalah siswa kelas VIII A. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap 26 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan metode observasi dan metode tes. Validasi data dilakukan dengan triagulasi data yaitu membandingkan data hasil observasi dan data hasil tes. Analisis data dilakukan melalui tahap reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Berdasarkan analisis data dan pembahasan diperoleh kesimpulan: kesalahan dalam memahami konsep dan kesalahan interpretasi, siswa tidak dapat memahami simbol yang digunakan dalam menjawab soal.</p>
What Leads to Lead
Authors: Bowman James R. , Razi Afshin , Watson Shawna L. , Pearson Jeffrey M. , Hudson Parke W. , Patt Joshua C. , Ames S. Elizabeth , Leddy Lee R. , Khoury Joseph G. , Tubb Creighton C. , McGwin Gerald , Ponce Brent A. 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Excessive radiation to health-care providers has been linked to risks of cancer and cataracts, but its negative effects can be substantially reduced by lead aprons, thyroid shields, and leaded glasses. Hospitals are required to provide education and proper personal protective equipment, yet discrepancies exist between recommendations and compliance. This article presents the results of a survey of U.S. orthopaedic surgery residents concerning attitudes toward radiation exposure and personal protective equipment behavior.

Methods:
An invitation to participate in a web-based, anonymous survey was distributed to 46 U.S. allopathic orthopaedic surgery residency programs (1,207 potential resident respondents). The survey was conceptually divided into the following areas: demographic characteristics, training and attitudes concerning occupational hazards, personal protective equipment provision and use, and general safety knowledge. Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the association between these characteristics and compliance with thyroid shield or lead gown wear.

Results:
In this study, 518 surveys were received, with 1 survey excluded because of insufficient response, leaving 517 surveys for analysis (42.8% response rate). Ninety-eight percent of residents believed that personal protective equipment should be provided by the hospital or residency program. However, provision of personal protective equipment was not universal, with 33.8% reporting none and 54.2% reporting provision of a gown and thyroid shield. The prevalence of leaded glasses usage was 21%. Poor lead gown compliance and thyroid shield wear were associated with difficulty finding the corresponding equipment: PR, 2.51 (95% CI, 1.75 to 3.62; p < 0.001) for poor lead gown compliance and PR, 2.14 (95% CI, 1.46 to 3.16; p < 0.0001) for poor thyroid shield wear. Not being provided with personal protective equipment was also significantly associated with low compliance with both lead gowns (PR, 1.47 [95% CI, 1.04 to 2.08]; p = 0.03) and thyroid shields (PR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.18 to 2.41]; p = 0.004). Respondents from the Southeast, West, or Midwest had lower compliance with lead gown usage. Forgetting was the number 1 reason to not wear a lead apron (42%).

Conclusions:
Radiation exposure is associated with increased risk of serious health problems. Our findings identified that the availability of lead personal protective equipment leads to increased compliance among residents surveyed. In addition to yearly occupational hazard training specific to orthopaedic surgery, greater efforts by residency programs and hospitals are needed to improve access to lead personal protective equipment and compliance for orthopaedic residents.
The Role of Extracorporeal Shockwave Treatment in Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Moya Daniel , Ramón Silvia , Schaden Wolfgang , Wang Ching-Jen , Guiloff Leonardo , Cheng Jai-Hong 
Published: February 2018

➤ Increasing evidence suggests that extracorporeal shockwave treatment (ESWT) is safe and effective for treating several musculoskeletal disorders.➤ Two types of technical principles are usually included in ESWT: focused ESWT (F-ESWT) and radial pressure waves (RPW). These 2 technologies differ with respect to their generation devices, physical characteristics, and mechanism of action but share several indications.➤ Strong evidence supports the use of ESWT in calcifying tendinopathy of the shoulder and plantar fasciitis.➤ The best evidence for the use of ESWT was obtained with low to medium energy levels for tendon disorders as well as with a high energy level for tendon calcification and bone pathologies in a comprehensive rehabilitation framework.
Computation of Relative Permeability From In-Situ Imaged Fluid Distributions at the Pore Scale
Authors: Zou S.. , Hussain F.. , Arns J.. , Guo Z.. , Arns C. H. 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Image-based computations of relative permeability require a description of fluid distributions in the pore space. Recent advances in imaging technologies have made it possible to directly resolve actual fluid distributions at the pore scale, thus capturing a large field of view for arbitrary wetting conditions, which are numerically difficult to reproduce. In previous studies, fluid distributions were not imaged under in-situ conditions, which may cause the oil (nonwetting) phase to snap off. Consequently, computed oil relative permeability is underestimated, particularly at low oil saturations. This study extends our previous work by imaging fluid distributions under in-situ conditions as a basis for numerical computations.
In this study, we perform a steady-state flow test on a homogeneous outcrop sandstone (Bentheimer) core. First, the dry core is imaged in our microcomputed-chromatography (micro-CT) facility. Afterward, the core is fully saturated with 0.4 molar sodium iodide (NaI) solutions. The saturated core is then mounted in a specially designed flow cell that allows the flow experiment to be performed with the core mounted on the CT scanner. Afterward, a steady-state injection of oil and brine is performed at four different oil/water-injection ratios. For each injection ratio, steady-state pressure drop is noted, and in-situ fluid distributions are imaged under flow conditions. These imaged fluid distributions are used to compute image-based relative permeability, whereas the measured pressure drops are used to calculate experimental relative permeability.
Results demonstrate that imaging in-situ fluid distributions allows us to overcome significant limitations of our previous work: Namely, measured and computed oil relative permeability are in close agreement across the whole saturation range, and laboratory capillary end effects at the core outlet can be imaged, which allows us to apply a correction to the laboratory-measured data.
Oxidation of Hydroxy- and Dihydroxybenzoic Acids Under the Udenfriend's Conditions. An HPLC Study
Authors: Kuzma Mónika , Kovács Nikoletta , Sziva Lilla , Maász Gábor , Avar Péter , Perjési Pál 
Published: February 2018

Background:Non-enzymatic hydroxylation of aromatic compounds to the respective phenolic derivatives is a possible metabolic pathway of xenobiotics. The formed metabolites can undergo consecutive oxidative reactions with free radicals to form potential toxic molecules.Objective:Development of HPLC methods to separate, identify and quantitate the main products formed from salicylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid underin vitrohydroxylation conditions (Udenfriend's system).Method:An RP-HPLC-UV-Vis method was developed to separate salicylic acid and isomeric dihydroxybenzoic acids formed in the Udenfriend's system. Confirmation of structures of the oxidized products of salicylic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid was performed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS method.Results:The HPLC-UV-Vis method was evaluated for a number of validation characteristics (selectivity, repeatability and intermediate precision, LOD, LOQ and calibration range). It was found that oxidation of salicylic acid resulted in the formation of 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acids. Furthermore, the hydroxylated metabolites can be further metabolized under the Udenfriend’s conditions.Conclusion:The results give evidence for possible involvement of the oxidized metabolites of salicylic acid in the development of biological action of salicylates at the site of inflammation, where high hydroxyl radical level can be detected.
Neurological Assessment Using a Quantitative Sensory Test in Patients with Chronic Unilateral Orofacial Pain
Authors: Salame Talal H , Blinkhorn Antony , Karami Zahra 
Published: February 2018

Background:
Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) has been used in clinical and experimental settings to establish sensory assessment for different types of pains, and may be a useful tool for the assessment of orofacial pain, but this premise needs to be tested.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to evaluate responses to thermal stimuli between painful and non-painful facial sites in subjects with orofacial pain using QST.

Methods:
A total of 60 participants (5o females: 28-83 years; 10 males: 44-81 years) with unilateral orofacial pain were recruited from the Orofacial Pain Clinic at the Pain Management and Research Centre, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia. The study followed the methods of limits of the German Research Network testing four modalities of thermal thresholds, the Warm Sensation, the Cold Sensation, the Heat Pain and the Cold Pain using a TSA-II Neurosensory Analyser. The results were compared to the results from the unaffected side of the same patient on the same area and a single t test statistical analysis was performed, where a p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
The Mean Difference for Cold Sensation between the pain side and the non-pain side was 0.48 °C ± 1.5 (t= 2.466, p=0.017), 0.68 °C ± 2.04 for Warm Sensation (t= -2.573, p= 0.013), 2.56 °C ± 2.74 for Cold Pain (t= 7.238, p<0.001) and -1.21 °C ± 2.59 for Hot Pain (t= -3.639, p=0.001).

Conclusion:
The study showed that QST methods using thermal stimuli could be used to evaluate sensory dysfunction in orofacial pain patients using the specific parameters of cool and warm sensation, and cold and hot pain.
The Rational Rebel: How Rational, How Rebellious? Some African Examples
Authors: Buytenhuys Rob 
Published: February 2018

My aim in this article is to evaluate some general statements on civil violence, and more particularly on the purposefulness of collective action and on the alleged rationality that moves social actors launching rebellion. With the use of African examples, examples that are too seldom taken into account in theoretical explanations of violent conflict, it is shown that rationality in collective action can certainly not be dismissed out of hand, but that some caveats have to be entered into the argument: some African rebels, although acting rationaly, base themselves on completely erroneous information, while in other cases social actors consciously opt for life or a career as a rebel, but out of motives that anything but "revolutionary ".KEY WORDS: Civil violence, Rational choice theory, Africa South of the Sahara.
New private media in French-speaking West African Countries: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Frère Marie-Soleil 
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we will try to take a closer look at the rise of the democratic transition in two French-speaking West African countries: Benin, often referred to as "the country where it all started", and Niger that can be considered as one of the weak copies of the Beninese model. In the first part of the paper, we will try to show how the democratic experiment took place in both countries and how private and government-owned media came to play an active role in all main political changes. In the second part, we will take a closer look at the role of the new private written press in the democratic transition and try to mention the main problems facing both the press and the democracy implementation. Eventually, we will mention the recent political events that occurred in Benin and Niger, showing that the democratic process has generated very different outcomes.KEYWORDS: Africa, Benin, Niger, democracy, press, mass-media, democratic transition
Legal Intervention in Planning Regulations: Cooper v Wandsworth in a West African Context
Authors: Mensah Kwadwo B. 
Published: February 2018

One of the most important problems facing many West African cities in recent times is rapid and seemingly uncontrollable urbanization '. The enormous pressure which these developments have had on public systems in general - sanitation, sewage, housing, health care and transport, has forced many cities to think of innovative ways of handling these crisis. Planning departments with substantial expertise in urban problems, are being set up or are being re-organized to meet these new challenges. The powers that planning departments have, and their impact on the lives of ordinary citizens cannot be over-estimated. To prevent abuse of power and to make them responsive to the needs of citizens, several methods are used to control them. Judicial review of administrative actions is the legal method used to control many public bodies in English speaking West African countries. In this article, I shall argue that in spite of its strengths, there is a general tendency to use judicial review to protect common law values like individual proprietary rights against the claims of state institutions. In West Africa, because of the weakness of public institutions, the intervention of the law, while protecting important private rights may hamper administrative effectiveness. Anticipating the use of the leading English case, Cooper v Wandsworth2 in reviewing planning decisions in West Africa, I shall conclude that such a position may not only diminish administrative effectiveness, but it may also diminish property rights.KEY WORDS: Planning, Administrative Effectiveness, Common Law in West Africa, Cooper v Wandsworth, Statutory Interpretation.
The Locative Substitutive in Club
Authors: Horvath Ellen , Kabuta Ngo Semzara 
Published: February 2018

In this article we will examine the correlation between tonology and syntax in connection with the locative substitutives (LS), or locative independent pronouns in Cilubà, spoken in both Kàsaayi provinces of Congo. We will show that the tonology of the LS depends on its syntactic position in the sentence. In contrast to the substitutives of classes 1 through 8 and 11 through 15 and of the participants, which generally have a fixed tone pattern, namelyfalling-high, theLS (classes 16 through 18) display three possible tone patterns, depending on their position in the sentence. These tone patterns are: falling-high, rising-low, high-low.KEY WORDS: Cilubà, locative substitutive, syntax, tonology
Highlights in the geological Research of central East Africa
Authors: Van den Haute Peter 
Published: February 2018

The present paper offers a general view of the geological history of central East Africa. It is meant to inform persons involved in all kinds of African research about the physical background of this enormous continent. As the text is intended for people with no specific training in the earth sciences, an extensive introductory part has been dedicated to the general principles and methods of historical geology. The principle of superposition and the meaning of a major unconformity are shortly explained. Also the significance of fossils and of radiometric dating is elucidated with respect to the reconstruction of geological history. Further on a general outline is given of the great mountain belts of the African continent dating back from thé earliest geological times (Precambrian), followed by a more detailed discussion of these belts in central East Africa. As to the younger structures of this region, attention has been focused on the large elongated furrow known as the East African rift. The major characteristics of this important feature in the earth's crust are described and its genesis is briefly discussed. KEYWORDS : Central East Africa, geological structure, Precambrian, rift.
ETHIOPIA: FROM A CENTRALISED MONARCHY TO A FEDERAL REPUBLIC
Authors: Van der Beken Christophe 
Published: February 2018

Although the Ethiopian state traces its roots back to the empire of Axum in the first centuries AD, the modern Ethiopian state took shape in the second half of the 19th century. During that period the territory of the Ethiopian empire expanded considerably. Several ethnic groups were incorporated into the empire and the foundations for a strong, centralised state were laid. Centralisation of authority in the hands of the emperor and a strategy of nation building that denied the ethnic diversity of Ethiopian society characterised the rule of Emperor Haile Selassie. At the same time, these elements contributed to its decline. Haile Selassie was ultimately deposed by a military committee in 1974. This announced the end of the Ethiopian monarchy and the transformation of the Ethiopian state, following the Marxist model. In spite of Marxist-Leninist attention to the 'nationalities issue', Ethiopia remained a centralised state, dominated by one ethnic identity. This gave rise to increasing resistance from various regional and ethnic liberation movements. The combined effort of these movements caused the fall of military rule in May 1991. The new regime, which was dominated by ethnically organised parties, initiated a radical transformation of the Ethiopian state structure that leads to the establishment of a federation in 1995.Key Words: Ethiopia, Political Development, Constitutional Development, State Structure