bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain tumors and fitness to drive: A review and multi-disciplinary approach
Authors: Mondia Mark Willy L , Avila Edward K , Wefel Jeffrey S , Hehn Rachel F , Bowers Alex R , Cox Brian S , Cox Daniel J , Schiff David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with brain tumors and their families often inquire about driving safety. Currently, there is no consensus regarding fitness-to-drive (FTD) for patients with central nervous system tumors. Our paper aims to provide a multi-disciplinary perspective to address this issue.

Methods
We performed a literature review for brain tumors and driving. Additionally, we solicited input from experts in tumor-related epilepsy, ophthalmology, neuropsychology, occupational therapy, and driving simulators.

Results
We qualitatively analyzed 14 published articles. FTD determination varies internationally and regionally in most developed nations. Significant motor weakness and major cognitive impairment clearly prevent patients from driving. There are specialized tests for motor, vision, and cognitive correlates important to driving, but driving simulators and on-the-road tests provide the most comprehensive assessments. FTD for patients with seizures is dependent on region-specific laws that take into account the duration of seizure-free intervals and history of motor vehicular crashes.

Conclusions
We recommend a symptom-based approach that highlights the importance of interdisciplinary assessment to ensure that brain tumor patients have the minimum operational skills required to drive. It is crucial to document seizure control, visual acuity impairment, and visual field deficits because these factors usually become the default basis in practice to determine if driving privileges can be maintained. Appropriately, timed assessment of cognitive function may provide pertinent information to determine FTD. Formalized testing with practical driving evaluation may eventually be necessary in patients who have hemiparesis, hemiplegia, hemineglect, homonymous visual field loss, or any form of cognitive dysfunction to determine FTD.
Lattice plainification and band engineering lead to high thermoelectric cooling and power generation in n-type Bi2Te3 with mass production
Authors: Liu Dongrui , Bai Shulin , Wen Yi , Peng Jiayi , Liu Shibo , Shi Haonan , Li Yichen , Hong Tao , Liang Huiqiang , Qin Yongxin , Su Lizhong , Qian Xin , Wang Dongyang , Gao Xiang , Ding Zhihai , Cao Qian , Tan Qing , Qin Bingchao , Zhao Li-Dong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Thermoelectrics can mutually convert between thermal and electrical energy, ensuring its utilization in both power generation and solid-state cooling. Bi2Te3 exhibits promising room-temperature performance, making it the sole commercially available thermoelectrics to date. Guided by the lattice plainification strategy, we introduce trace amounts of Cu into n-type Bi2(Te, Se)3 (BTS) to occupy Bi vacancies, thereby simultaneously weakening defect scattering and modulating the electronic bands. Meanwhile, the interstitial Cu can bond with the BTS matrix to form extra electron transport pathways. The multiple occupations of Cu substantially boost carrier mobility and electrical performance. Consequently, the BTS + 0.2%Cu achieves a room-temperature ZT of ∼1.3 with an average ZTave of ∼1.2 at 300–523 K. Moreover, the kilogram-scale ingot designed for mass production also exhibits high uniformity. Finally, we fabricate a full-scale device that achieves an excellent conversion efficiency of ∼6.4% and a high cooling ΔTmax of ∼70.1 K, both of which outperform commercial devices.
In Children, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Antibody Encephalitis Incidence Exceeds That of Japanese Encephalitis in Vietnam
Authors: Huong Nguyen Hoang Thien , Toan Nguyen Duc , Thien Tran Ba , Khanh Truong Huu , Tuan Nguyen Minh , Truc Tran Thanh , Nghia Nguyen An , Thinh Le Quoc , Thoa Nguyen Thi Kim , Nhan Le Nguyen Thanh , Minh Ngo Ngoc Quang , Turner Hugo C , Thwaites C Louise , Hung Nguyen Thanh , Tan Le Van , Irani Sarosh R , Quy Du Tuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The recognition of autoimmune causes of encephalitis has led to epidemiological shifts in the worldwide characteristics of encephalitis. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibody encephalitis leads to well-established complex neuropsychiatric manifestations. In low- and middle-income countries, including Vietnam, its relative incidence, especially in children, is unknown and most neurologists currently consider infectious encephalitis prior to autoimmune etiologies.

Methods
The study was prospectively conducted at Children's Hospital 1 in Ho Chi Minh City between March 2020 and December 2022. Any child admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases and Neurology fulfilling the case definition of encephalitis was eligible to participate. Cerebrospinal fluid samples were collected alongside meta-clinical data for analysis.

Results
We recruited 164 children with a clinical diagnosis of encephalitis. Etiologies were determined as NMDAR antibody encephalitis in 23 of 164 cases (14.0%), Japanese encephalitis virus in 14 of 164 (8.5%), and herpes simplex virus in 4 of 164 (2.4%). Clinical categorizations suggested idiopathic viral encephalitis in another 71 (43.3%), and autoimmune encephalitis of unknown origin in the remaining 52. Factors including demographics, specific clinical features, cerebrospinal fluid and electroencephalogram findings, and length of hospital stay were significantly different between NMDAR antibody encephalitis and Japanese encephalitis.

Conclusions
At a tertiary children's hospital in Vietnam, the prevalence of NMDAR antibody encephalitis exceeds that of Japanese encephalitis, the most common infectious encephalitis cause in Southeast Asia. NMDAR antibody encephalitis is associated with long hospital stay and poor outcomes. These findings should change pediatric diagnostics, to earlier consider autoimmune treatments in this clinical setting.
Bilayer magnetic composite systems made of random anisotropy hexaferrite and soft metallic magnets for stealth technology
Authors: Calvo-de la Rosa Jaume , López-Sánchez Jesús , Hernàndez Joan Manel , Marín Pilar , Tejada Javier 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An experimental strong increase of the reflection loss (from 25 up to 35 dBs) and an extension of the absorption bandwidth up to 20% is measured in a set of novel functional bilayer systems. We focus our work on studying the samples in an anechoic chamber under far-field real radar conditions. Each layer consists of a composite material, typically a dielectric matrix filled with random anisotropy hexaferrite and soft metallic materials (powder or wires). Combining the two types of materials into a submillimetric bilayer structure has shown unprecedented improvements in microwave absorption capacities compared to the former absorption of each layer. The capacity to improve the shielding behavior is strongly related to each layer’s permittivity, permeability, and thickness leading, therefore, to a strong control over the design of novel materials for stealth applications.
Anti-Poiseuille flow by spin Hall effect
Authors: Fujimoto Junji , Koshibae Wataru , Maekawa Sadamichi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Hydrodynamics is known to emerge in electron flow when the electron–electron interaction dominates over the other momentum-nonconserving scatterings. The hydrodynamic equation that describes the electric current includes viscosity, extending beyond the Ohmic flow. The laminar flow of such a viscous electron fluid in a sample with finite width is referred to as the Poiseuille flow, where the flow velocity is maximum at the center and decreases towards the edges of the sample. In this paper, we show a unique viscous electron fluid arising in electron systems exhibiting the spin Hall effect (spin Hall systems), where the charge and spin currents are coupled. Such a viscous electron fluid emerges even in noninteracting electron systems, and the current density exhibits a minimum at the center of a flow and a maximum at the edges, i.e. an anti-Poiseuille flow realizing. We also find that the spin accumulation by the spin Hall effect is connected to the electric current vorticity in two-dimensional (2D) spin Hall systems. Furthermore, we propose a novel guiding principle to manipulate topological magnetic textures from the hydrodynamic viewpoint. By solving the hydrodynamic equation in a 2D spin Hall system with a cavity and employing micromagnetic simulations for an attached chiral magnetic insulator, we demonstrate that spin accumulation near the cavity’s boundary leads to creating a magnetic skyrmion. Our research illuminates new aspects of electron hydrodynamics and spintronics, contributing significant insights to the fields.
Fluid flow and amyloid transport and aggregation in the brain interstitial space
Authors: Iorio Antonio , Melchionna Simone , Derreumaux Philippe , Sterpone Fabio 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The driving mechanisms at the base of the clearance of biological wastes in the brain interstitial space (ISS) are still poorly understood and an actively debated subject. A complete comprehension of the processes that lead to the aggregation of amyloid proteins in such environment, hallmark of the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease, is of crucial relevance. Here we employ combined computational fluid dynamics and molecular dynamics techniques to uncover the role of fluid flow and proteins transport in the brain ISS. Our work identifies diffusion as the principal mechanism for amyloid-β proteins clearance, whereas fluid advection may lead transport for larger molecular bodies, like amyloid-β aggregates or extracellular vesicles. We also clearly quantify the impact of large nascent prefibrils on the fluid flowing and shearing. Finally, we show that, even in the irregular brain interstitial space (ISS), hydrodynamic interactions enhance amyloid-β aggregation at all stages of the aggregation pathway. Our results are key to understand the role of fluid flow and solvent-solute interplay on therapeutics like antibodies acting in the brain ISS.
Co-evolution of risk and cooperation in climate policies under wealth inequality
Authors: Pacheco Jorge M , Santos Francisco C 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Worldwide cooperation is necessary to mitigate the effects of climate change. Many previous investigations employed the so-called collective risk dilemma, where the risk of losing everything whenever a target is not met was fixed from the outset, rendering predictions dependent on snapshot values assumed for this parameter, whose importance was found to be paramount. Here, we couple risk with the overall success of mitigation, investigating the co-evolution of risk and cooperation in a world where countries are partitioned in two different wealth classes, allowing us to further assess the impact of wealth inequality and homophily on the co-evolutionary dynamics. We show that the stochastic dynamics is dominated by a global attractor, typically located in a region of low risk, where most developed countries cooperate most of the time while developing countries cooperate to a lesser extent. This scenario assumes no homophily which, when moderate, can contribute to increase overall cooperation, more so when combined with the presence of a small fraction of developing countries that opt for an unconditional cooperative behavior.
Multiscale computational model predicts how environmental changes and treatments affect microvascular remodeling in fibrotic disease
Authors: Leonard-Duke Julie , Agro Samuel M J , Csordas David J , Bruce Anthony C , Eggertsen Taylor G , Tavakol Tara N , Comlekoglu Tien , Barker Thomas H , Bonham Catherine A , Saucerman Jeffrey J , Taite Lakeshia J , Peirce Shayn M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Investigating the molecular, cellular, and tissue-level changes caused by disease, and the effects of pharmacological treatments across these biological scales, necessitates the use of multiscale computational modeling in combination with experimentation. Many diseases dynamically alter the tissue microenvironment in ways that trigger microvascular network remodeling, which leads to the expansion or regression of microvessel networks. When microvessels undergo remodeling in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), functional gas exchange is impaired and lung function declines. We integrated a multiscale computational model with independent experiments to investigate how combinations of biomechanical and biochemical cues in IPF alter cell fate decisions leading to microvascular remodeling. Our computational model predicted that extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening reduced microvessel area, which was accompanied by physical uncoupling of endothelial cell (EC) and pericytes, the cells that comprise microvessels. Nintedanib, an Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for treating IPF, was predicted to further potentiate microvessel regression by decreasing the percentage of quiescent pericytes while increasing the percentage of pericytes undergoing pericyte-myofibroblast transition in high ECM stiffnesses. Importantly, the model suggested that YAP/TAZ inhibition may overcome the deleterious effects of nintedanib by promoting EC-pericyte coupling and maintaining microvessel homeostasis. Overall, our combination of computational and experimental modeling can predict and explain how cell decisions affect tissue changes during disease and in response to treatments.
Half-integer topological defects paired via string micelles in polar liquids
Authors: Ma Zhongjie , Jiang Miao , Song Yaohao , Sun Aile , Yi Shengzhu , Zhou Chao , Huang Xiang , Huang Mingjun , Aya Satoshi , Wei Qi-Huo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Ferroelectric nematic (NF) liquid crystals present a compelling platform for exploring topological defects in polar fields, while their structural properties can be significantly altered by ionic doping. In this study, we demonstrate that doping the ferroelectric nematic material RM734 with cationic polymers enables the formation of polymeric micelles that connect pairs of half-integer topological defects. Polarizing optical microscopy reveals that these string defects exhibit butterfly textures, featured with a 2D polarization field divided by Néel-type kink walls into domains exhibiting either uniform polarization or negative splay and bend deformations. Through analysis of electrophoretic motion and direct measurements of polarization divergences, we show that the string micelles are positively charged, and their side regions exhibit positive bound charges. To elucidate these observations, we propose a charge double-layer model for the string defects: the positively charged cationic polymer chains and densely packed RM734 molecules form a Stern charge layer, while small anionic ions and positive bound charges constitute the charge diffusion layer. Notably, our experiments indicate that only cationic polymer doping effectively induces the formation of these unique string defects. These findings enhance our understanding of ionic doping effects and provide valuable insights for engineering polar topologies in liquid crystal systems.
Dermal cellular senescence and EndMT in patients with systemic sclerosis undergoing cyclophosphamide or aHSCT treatment
Authors: Chiu Yu-Hsiang , van Dijk Marijke , Goldschmeding Roel , van Laar Jacob M , de Vries-Bouwstra Jeska K , Spierings Julia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Cellular senescence and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) are profibrotic cellular processes involved in systemic sclerosis (SSc), but how they respond to treatment is largely unknown.

Methods
Skin biopsies from diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) patients who underwent either autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT) or cyclophosphamide pulse (iv CYC) treatment were collected before and 6 months after randomization in the Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation International Scleroderma trial. The extent of fibrosis, inflammation, senescence, EndMT and tissue remodelling were examined in histopathology.

Results
Fourteen pairs of skin biopsies were analysed. Decrease in modified Rodnan skin score was more pronounced in aHSCT-treated patients compared with iv CYC at 6 months (median change −14 [IQR −16 to −9] vs -6 [IQR −9 to −4], respectively, P = 0.028). Histologically, expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) on fibroblasts, P21 on vessels and EndMT decreased after treatment in both groups, yet the reduction was more pronounced in the aHSCT group. Poor skin response was associated with high baseline connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on fibroblasts and low baseline P21 on vessels, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.43 and 0.41, respectively. Furthermore, poor response was also seen in patients with a rise in CTGF on fibroblasts (OR 1.29) and P21 on vessels (OR 3.02) after treatment, P &lt; 0.001.

Conclusion
Both aHSCT and iv CYC in dcSSc reduced skin thickening clinically and attenuated EndMT, but affected cellular senescence not significantly different. EndMT and uPAR were associated with fibro-remodelling activity, whereas senescence, CTGF, uPAR and vascularity were associated with treatment response.
Applicability of machine learning methods for classifying lightweight pigs in commercial conditions
Authors: Salgado-López Pau , Casellas Joaquim , Solar Diaz Iara , Rathje Thomas , Gasa Josep , Solà-Oriol David 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The varying growth rates within a group of pigs present a significant challenge for the current all-in-all-out systems in the pig industry. This study evaluated the applicability of statistical methods for classifying pigs at risk of growth retardation at different production stages using a robust dataset collected under commercial conditions. Data from 26,749 crossbred pigs (Yorkshire × Landrace) with Duroc at weaning (17 to 27 d), 15,409 pigs at the end of the nursery period (60 to 78 d), and 4996 pigs at slaughter (151 to 161 d) were analyzed under three different cut points (lowest 10%, 20%, and 30% weights) to characterize light animals. Records were randomly split into training and testing sets in a 2:1 ratio, and each training dataset was analyzed using an ordinary least squares approach and three machine learning algorithms (decision tree, random forest, and generalized boosted regression). The classification performance of each analytical approach was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC). In all production stages and cut points, the random forest and generalized boosted regression models demonstrated superior classification performance, with AUC estimates ranging from 0.772 to 0.861. The parametric linear model also showed acceptable classification performance, with slightly lower AUC estimates ranging from 0.752 to 0.818. In contrast, the single decision tree was categorized as worthless, with AUC estimates between 0.608 and 0.726. Key prediction factors varied across production stages, with birthweight-related factors being most significant at weaning, and weight at previous stages becoming more crucial later in the production cycle. These findings suggest the potential of machine learning algorithms to improve decision-making and efficiency in pig production systems by accurately identifying pigs at risk of growth retardation.
Ferulic acid improves palmitate-induced insulin resistance by regulating IRS-1/Akt and AMPK pathways in L6 skeletal muscle cells
Authors: Park Jae Eun , Han Ji Sook 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective
Increased plasma-free fatty acid (FFA) induced by obesity can trigger insulin resistance and it is a significantly dangerous constituent in the progression of diabetes. Although ferulic acid has various physiological functions, no studies have examined ferulic acid’s effects on insulin-resistant muscle cells. This study investigated the effect of ferulic acid on improving palmitic acid-induced insulin resistance in L6 skeletal muscle cells.

Methods
Palmitic acid induces insulin resistance by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS-1tyr and stimulating the phosphorylation of IRS-1ser in diabetes. Thus, palmitic acid (0.75 mM) was used as an insulin resistance inducer and ferulic acid was treated at various concentrations (2, 5, 10, and 20 uM) in L6 skeletal muscle cells.

Results
Palmitic acid significantly reduced the cell viability of L6 skeletal muscle cells, whereas ferulic acid treatment significantly increased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Palmitic acid significantly reduced glucose uptake due to insulin resistance in the muscle cells; however, ferulic acid treatment remarkably increased glucose uptake. Ferulic acid promoted the phosphorylation of IRS-1tyr that palmitic acid inhibited, while also suppressing the palmitic acid-induced phosphorylation of IRS-1ser. Ferulic acid activated PI3K and then stimulated the phosphorylation of Akt, which increased PM-GLUT4 expression, thereby stimulating glucose uptake into insulin-resistant muscle cells. Ferulic acid also increased glycogen synthesis by phosphorylating GSK3β via the Akt pathway. Additionally, ferulic acid significantly promoted phosphorylation of AMPK, enhancing PM-GLUT4 levels and glucose uptake.

Conclusions
These results suggest that ferulic acid may improve palmitate-induced insulin resistance by regulating IRS-1/ Akt and the AMPK pathway in L6 skeletal muscle cells.
Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attributable to ambient ozone pollution across China and its provinces, 1990–2021: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Jiang Yixuan , Yan Fanshu , Kan Haidong , Zhou Maigeng , Yin Peng , Chen Renjie 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a causal relationship between ambient ozone (O3) and mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is the only outcome considered in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 for O3. This study aims to evaluate the temporal trend and spatial distribution of the COPD burden attributable to O3 across China from 1990 to 2021.

Methods:
The ambient O3 concentrations in China were estimated. Based on the methodology framework and standard analytical methods applied in the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we estimated the annual number, age-standardized rate, and percentage of deaths and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from COPD attributable to O3 pollution during 1990–2021 at the national and provincial levels in China.

Results:
In 2021, a total of 125.7 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 26.4–228.3) thousand deaths and 1917.5 (95% UI, 398.7–3504.6) thousand DALYs from COPD were attributable to ambient O3 pollution in China, accounting for 9.8% (95% UI, 2.1–17.0%) and 8.1% (95% UI, 1.8–14.1%) of the total COPD deaths and DALYs, respectively. Generally, a higher burden was observed among males, the elderly, and the population residing in regions with worse health conditions. The age-standardized rates of COPD deaths and DALYs per 100,000 populations ranged from 0.5 (95% UI, 0–1.4) and 8.1 (95% UI, 0.7–20.9) in Hong Kong to 22.8 (95% UI, 3.9–43.5) and 396.6 (95% UI, 68.9–763.7) in Xizang. From 1990 to 2021, there was a notable decrease in the age-standardized rates of COPD-related deaths (68.2%, 95% UI, 60.1–74.9%) and DALYs (71.5%, 95% UI, 63.7–77.6%), especially in regions with poor health conditions. However, the attributable numbers and percentages changed relatively marginally.

Conclusions:
Ambient O3 pollution is a major contributor to the COPD burden in China. Our findings highlight the significant spatial heterogeneity across different provinces and underscore the implementation of geographically tailored policies to effectively reduce O3 pollution and alleviate the associated disease burden.