bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Paradox of Impossible to Know Assertion
Authors: Palczewski Rafał , Popławski Patryk 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe show that taking together the principle ‘Ought’ Implies ‘Can’ (OIC) and The Knowledge Norm of Assertion (KNA) leads to a contradiction as long as we assume that there are situations in which we ought to assert what we cannot know. We call this The Paradox of Impossible to Know Assertion (PIKA) and argue that this is a genuine problem. At the end, we point out a generalization of PIKA.
The Unity of Consciousness and the Practical Ethics of Neural Organoid Research
Authors: Hayashi Yoshiyuki , Sato Ryoji 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article investigates a critical yet underexplored structural aspect of consciousness in the context of the practical ethics of neural organoid research: the unity of consciousness. We advocate for the necessity of the unified field, which has garnered substantial support from both philosophical and empirical standpoints, although the debate remains unresolved. We highlight the brainstem as a potential source of the unified conscious field, a structure already under scrutiny in neural organoid research in relation to conditions such as Parkinson’s disease and post-COVID-19 syndromes. We argue that if unity is a necessary feature of consciousness, consciousness is contingent upon a specific biological system without which consciousness cannot arise, thereby narrowing the range of neural organoids of ethical concern. Furthermore, the transplantation of neural organoids into animals has emerged as a practical concern, with ethical implications varying based on the necessity of the unity of consciousness. We argue that transplantation evades a significant ethical dilemma if unity is necessary and if the organoids to be transplanted lack the neural basis for the unified field of consciousness.
POLQ knockdown inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion by inducing cell cycle arrest in colorectal cancer
Authors: Yao Qing , Gao Shuyang , Sun Qiannan , Liuhua Wang  , Ren Jun , Wang Daorong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Polymerase θ (POLQ) is an error-prone translesion synthesis polymerase that participates in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Previous studies have reported that the level of POLQ expression is distinctly upregulated in colorectal cancer (CRC), but little attention has been given to its function and regulation of CRC progression. This study aimed to explore the specific function of POLQ in CRC.

Methods
Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting analysis were used to assess the transcription and translation levels of POLQ. Then, POLQ was stably silenced using small interfering RNA in SW480 and HCT116 cells. Afterwards, the function of POLQ in CRC cells was proven via Cell Counting Kit‑8, scratch wound healing, colony formation, and Boyden chamber assays. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of POLQ on the cell cycle signaling pathway that obtained from biological pathway enrichment analysis and further verified by activating the signaling pathway.

Results
The results showed that POLQ was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cells and was associated with poor clinical outcomes of patients. Knockdown of POLQ significantly reduced the proliferation, migration and invasion of CRC cells. Additionally, POLQ knockdown markedly decreased the expression levels of MMP2 and MMP9, and blocked cell cycle progression by inhibiting the expression of G1/M and S/M phases proteins.

Conclusions
POLQ knockdown restrained the progression of CRC by blocking the cell cycle signaling pathway.
Socioeconomic Factors' Impact on Survivorship in Patients with Cervical Cancer: A Study from the Tertiary Cancer Center in Muzaffarpur, North Bihar, India
Authors: Rai Chanda , Singh Ravikant , Jha Ambey , Kumar Nishant 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
To ascertain the survivorship among cervical cancer patients and the factors responsible for early death. In India, cervical cancer ranks second among cancer-related deaths among women. Estimating the survivability rate of patients with cervical cancer who come to our tertiary cancer care center was imperative, as was figuring out.
What was causing the greater death rate.

Method
The present study is a retrospective audit of cervical cancer registered at our hospital-based cancer registry from 2021 till date.

Result
The three-year survival rate among women with late-stage cervical cancer was 45%, while 100% of women with early-stage care were alive at the end of three years. The survival rate was also poor among women belonging to middle and low socioeconomic status and illiterate women.

Conclusion
Among women who have cervical cancer, those with early-stage cancer, who are literate and those who belong to above middle socioeconomic status have higher survivorship than their counterparts.
MHD Casson flow across a stretched surface in a porous material: a numerical study
Authors: Irshad Sadia , Jahan Shah , Machado José Mendes , Śliwiński Paweł , kedzia Krzysztof , Jan Ahmed Zubair 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we examine the nature of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Casson flow of fluid across a stretched surface in a porous material. It studies how the behaviour of Casson fluids is affected by a number of variables, including thermal radiation, chemical processes, Joule heating, and viscosity dissipation. The Keller box strategy, based on the finite difference method (FDM), is used to tackle the complex numerical problem. Graphical representations are used to show the effects of different system parts. Comprehensive tables displaying surface transfer of mass, heat, and drag rates are given for your convenience. The study focuses on how particle motion transforms kinetic energy into heat. Increased Brownian motion leads to a higher temperature profile and a reduced concentration profile. Thicker concentration profiles are created by increased Lewis number (

$$Le$$

Le

) values and rates of chemical reactions, resulting in changes in mass transfer across fluids. This in-depth investigation focuses on the complicated interactions between various variables and how they influence the Casson fluid's behaviour in the system under study.
"Water conflicts: more than conflicts over distribution? Assessing conflict structures with cases from Germany."
Authors: Brauner Simon 
Published: November 2024

AbstractConflicts tend to be complex and, in many cases, multi-faceted. However, by adapting an approach by Vuković, this study illustrates a method for structuring such conflicts, which can facilitate insights that are more profound by dividing them into relevant dimensions of the problem. Given that some conflicts are ongoing and new ones may emerge in certain cases, this study also assesses the potential of using the adapted methodology as a structured basis for constructing scenario analyses. In this study, two cases from Germany on the topic of water are analysed. The first case explores a pair of conflicts that arose within a short period involving a chemical company called Currenta. These conflicts are about a controversial wastewater discharge and an attempt to obtain more water rights, despite the possible future water stress. The second case concerns the Nordheide region, which is favoured for its groundwater reservoir. In recent decades, there has been a growing dispute between the water company and the residents of Nordheide about the possible harmful effects of further water extraction. Both cases illustrate the evolving nature of water conflicts, indicating that they can extend beyond a dispute over distribution. In addition to this key finding, the cases demonstrate the diverging concerns of the actors, as well as the significance of decision-makers involved in these conflicts. A nuanced assessment of water conflicts prior to further action, such as conflict resolution, is therefore encouraged by this study.
Weakening Induced by Phase Nucleation in Metamorphic Rocks: Insights From Numerical Models
Authors: Baïsset M. , Yamato P. , Duretz T. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetamorphic transformations involve important changes in material properties that can be responsible for rheological alterations of rocks. Studying the dynamics of these changes is therefore crucial to understand the weakening frequently observed in reactive rocks undergoing deformation. Here, we explore the effects of reaction dynamics on the mechanical behavior of rocks by employing a numerical model where nucleation kinetics and reaction product properties are controlled over time during deformation. Different values are tested for nucleation kinetics, density, viscosity, proportion and size of the reaction products, and pressure‐strain rate conditions relative to the brittle‐ductile transition. Our results, in good agreement with laboratory and field observations, show that rock weakening is not just a matter of the strength of the reaction products. Both density and viscosity variations caused by the transformation control local stress amplification. A significant densification can by itself generate sufficient stresses to reach the plastic yield of the matrix, even if the nuclei are stronger than their matrix. Plastic shear bands initiate in the vicinity of the newly formed inclusions in response to local stress increases. Coalescence of these shear bands are then responsible for strain weakening. We show that heterogeneous nucleation controlled by mechanical work has an even greater impact than the intrinsic properties of the reaction products. Propagation of plastic shear bands is enhanced between closely spaced nuclei that generate significant stress increases in their vicinity. This study highlights the importance of transformational weakening in strong rocks affected by fast reaction kinetics close to their brittle‐ductile transition.
Satellite‐Derived, Smartphone‐Delivered Geospatial Cholera Risk Information for Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Nusrat Farah , Akanda Ali S. , Islam Abdullah , Aziz Sonia , Pakhtigian Emily L. , Boyle Kevin , Hanifi Syed Manzoor Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCholera, an acute waterborne diarrheal disease, remains a major global health challenge. Despite being curable and preventable, it can be fatal if left untreated, especially for children. Bangladesh, a cholera‐endemic country with a high disease burden, experiences two peaks annually, during the dry pre‐monsoon spring and the wet post‐monsoon fall seasons. An early warning system for disseminating cholera risk, which has potential to reduce the disease burden, currently does not exist in Bangladesh. Such systems can raise timely awareness and allow households in rural, riverine areas like Matlab to make behavioral adjustments with water usage and around water resources to reduce contracting and transmitting cholera. Current dissemination approaches typically target local government and public health organizations; however, the vulnerable rural populations largely remain outside the information chain. Here, we develop and evaluate the accuracy of an early warning system—CholeraMap that uses high‐resolution earth observations to forecast cholera risk and disseminate geocoded risk maps directly to Matlab's population via a mobile smartphone application. Instead of relying on difficult to obtain station‐based environmental and hydroclimatological data, this study offers a new opportunity to use remote sensing data sets for designing and operating a disease early warning system. CholeraMap delivers monthly, color‐coded geospatial maps (1 km × 1 km spatial resolution) with household and community cholera risk information. Our results demonstrate that the satellite‐derived local‐scale risk model satisfactorily captured the seasonal cholera pattern for the Matlab region, and a detailed high‐resolution picture of the spatial progression of at‐risk areas during outbreak months.
Better Resolved Orography Improves Precipitation Simulation Over the Tibetan Plateau in High‐Resolution Models
Authors: Chen Xiaolong , Zhou Tianjun , Wu Peili , Roberts Malcolm J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractRegarded as the Asian Water Tower, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) collects atmospheric precipitation from a vast area of land and feeds into major rivers that sustain the livelihood of billions of people in East, South and Central Asia. It is critical to reasonably simulate the hydrological cycle over the TP in order to assess future climate risks to agriculture, water resources and ecosystem services. To address the chronic wet biases over the TP in state‐of‐the‐art climate models, we have compared 12 high‐resolution (HR) climate models (25–50 km) to their corresponding low‐resolution versions (100–200 km) with respect to the 1979–2014 climatology. It is found that the HR models consistently reduce about half of the wet biases over the TP, mainly from better resolved orography. The wet biases are reduced by 41% over the northern and western TP, mainly contributed by decreased frequency of light precipitation (0.1–10 mm day−1), which is attributed to reduced evaporation because of weakened surface wind by raised orography. The most significant reduction of biases (53%) rising from decreased frequency of mid‐heavy precipitation (10–50 mm day−1), appears over the southern and eastern TP, on the leeside of elevated orography where steeper orography enhances rain shadow effect by stronger downward motion along the sharper slope, while partly compensated by air column convergence due to vertical stretching of the downward flow for potential vorticity conservation. This study highlights the importance of surface processes and resolving complex orography in simulating precipitation and large‐scale hydrology around the TP which potentially benefits the future hydrological projection.
Transport of Exogenous Anthropogenic Atmospheric Mercury to the Tibetan Plateau Identified Using Mercury Stable Isotopes
Authors: Tang Kaihui , Yin Xiufeng , Zhang Hui , Fu Xuewu , Zhang Hui , Zhang Leiming , Zhang Qianggong , Chen Pengfei , Jia Longyu , de Foy Benjamin , Kang Shichang , Feng Xinbin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTransport of exogenous anthropogenic mercury (Hg) is an important source of Hg pollution in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its downstream water ecosystems, but the origins and contributions of Hg sources remain uncertain. Here, we investigate the concentrations and isotopic compositions of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) at four rural sites in the TP and three urban sites surrounding the TP to quantify the sources of GEM in the TP. GEM concentrations in the surrounding cities (site‐specific means: 2.36–9.12 ng m−3) were highly elevated mainly due to strong local anthropogenic emissions as indicated by their negative δ202Hg and near zero Δ199Hg and Δ200Hg signatures. GEM isotopes indicate that GEM pollution in the TP, typically observed during the summer monsoon and the pre‐monsoon, were mainly caused by trans‐boundary transport of anthropogenic Hg from surroundings. Using an Hg isotope mixing model, we estimate that exogenous anthropogenic emissions on average contributed 26 ± 5% (1sd) to the GEM in the TP. Further analysis of the transport of anthropogenic Hg emissions based on the backward trajectory and gridded anthropogenic Hg emissions suggests that 16 ± 9% and 6 ± 13% of the GEM in the TP were derived from anthropogenic sources in South Asia and China, respectively. Our study suggests that anthropogenic Hg emissions in South Asia could be effectively transported to the TP across the Himalayan range. Future studies are needed to better assess the role of rapidly increasing anthropogenic Hg emissions in South Asia on the regional to global scale atmospheric Hg cycling.
Analyzing the Mineralogy and Space Weathering Characteristics of the Finest Fraction in Apollo Core Sample 73002
Authors: McFadden J. A. , Thompson M. S. , Keller L. P. , Christoffersen R. , Morris R. V. , Shearer C. ,   The ANGSA Science Team
Published: November 2024

AbstractApollo 17 core sample 73001/2 was recently made available to researchers for analysis using state‐of‐the‐art techniques in the framework of a modern understanding of lunar surface processes. In this work, we employ transmission electron microscopic analysis to observe the mineralogy, microstructural, and chemical characteristics of space weathering and solar energetic particle (SEP) track distribution in soil grains in the <20 μm size fraction in core sample 73002. The modal mineralogy and stratigraphic space weathered grain abundance suggests that a geologically recent mixing event affected the top 3 cm of 73002. Surface exposure age distributions derived from SEP tracks demonstrate that individual regolith grains rarely reside on the surface for longer than ∼4 million years. The abundance of surface exposed monomineralic fragments with respect to depth correlates well with bulk measurements of space weathered soils using other techniques, such as ferromagnetic resonance. Exposure age distributions suggest the presence of two unique in situ reworking zones spanning the top 8 cm of the core and median exposure ages decrease with increasing depth for both reworking zones, albeit at different rates. These rates were compared to reworking models and suggest a relationship between median exposure age and reworking rate with respect to depth. Applications of modern transmission electron microscopy to core sample 73001/2 have proven useful in understanding lunar regolith evolution both within the context of the Apollo 17 field site and more broadly via in situ reworking.
Diel Greenhouse Gas Emissions Demonstrate a Strong Response to Vegetation Patch Types in a Freshwater Wetland
Authors: Taylor Aileen K. , Sharp Sean J. , Stewart Graham A. , Williams Michael R. , McCarty Greg W. , Palmer Margaret A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWetland methane (CH4) fluxes are highly variable over spatial and temporal scales due to variations in CH4 production, oxidation, and transport. While some aspects of temporal variability in CH4 fluxes are well documented, diel variability is poorly constrained, and studies report conflicting findings, making it difficult to generalize. Topographic, geochemical, hydroclimatic, and vegetative variability can result in characteristically different “patches” that likely influence differences in diel patterns. We investigated diel patterns of CH4 fluxes from a large seasonal‐mineral soil wetland in Maryland (USA) across three functionally unique patches: two with vegetation (emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation) and one without (open water) during the summer of 2021. To explore the relationships between vegetation, environmental conditions, and flux patterns, we also measured physiochemical variables (air and water temperature, pH, relative humidity, PAR, dissolved oxygen, and water depth). To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing diel variability using chambers across such distinct vegetation patch types. We found that diel patterns were strongly linked to patch types: CH4 fluxes from the emergent vegetation did not display a consistent diel pattern, while fluxes from the submerged vegetation and no vegetation patches frequently peaked at 13:00 and 05:00, respectively. These differences could be a direct result of vegetation impact on production, oxidation, and/or transport of CH4 or on conditions covarying with patch type. This study contributes to the growing understanding of how CH4 fluxes vary spatially over diel cycles and emphasizes the importance of considering spatially varying diel patterns when estimating fluxes.
Harnessing Information From Shortwave Infrared Reflectance Bands to Enhance Satellite‐Based Estimates of Gross Primary Productivity
Authors: Ranjbar Sadegh , Losos Danielle , Dechant Benjamin , Hoffman Sophie , Başakın Eyyup Ensar , Stoy Paul C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMonitoring gross primary productivity (GPP), the rate at which terrestrial ecosystems fix atmospheric carbon dioxide, is crucial for understanding global carbon cycling. Remote sensing offers a powerful tool for monitoring GPP using vegetation indices (VIs) derived from visible and near‐infrared reflectance (NIRv). While promising, these VIs often suffer from sensitivity to soil background, moisture, and variations in solar and view zenith angle (SZA and VZA). This study investigates the potential of incorporating shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance from MODIS and GOES‐R advanced baseline imager (ABI) sensors to improve GPP estimation. We evaluated various formulations for creating SWIR‐enhanced Near‐InfraRed reflectance of Vegetation (sNIRv) by integrating SWIR information into established VIs across 96 Ameriflux and NEON research sites. Our findings reveal that sNIRv improves correlation with GPP for ABI data by up to 0.19 on a half‐hourly basis for normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values below 0.25, with diminishing gains as NDVI values rise. Using MODIS data, sNIRv matches r values of NIRv for NDVI above 0.25, with a slight 0.05 increase for NDVI below 0.25. Analyses using SCOPE model simulations further support the ability of sNIRv to capture fractional photosynthetically active radiation, a proxy for GPP, especially for ecosystems with low leaf area index. Results highlight that sNIRv‐based VIs are less sensitive to soil background, SZA, and VZA compared to NIRv. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value analysis also identifies sNIRv as the best feature for GPP estimation using machine learning modeling across different land covers, NDVI ranges, and soil water content levels.
Precipitation Extremes and Their Modulation by Convective Organization in RCEMIP
Authors: O’Donnell Graham L. , Wing Allison A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe examine the influence of convective organization on extreme tropical precipitation events using model simulation data from the Radiative‐Convective Equilibrium Model Intercomparison Project (RCEMIP). At a given SST, simulations with convective organization have more intense precipitation extremes than those without it at all scales, including instantaneous precipitation at the grid resolution (3 km). Across large‐domain simulations with convective organization, models with explicit convection exhibit better agreement in the response of extreme precipitation rates to warming than those with parameterized convection. Among models with explicit convection, deviations from the Clausius‐Clapeyron scaling of precipitation extremes with warming are correlated with changes in organization, especially on large spatiotemporal scales. Though the RCEMIP ensemble is nearly evenly split between CRMs which become more and less organized with warming, most of the models which show increased organization with warming also allow super‐CC scaling of precipitation extremes. We also apply an established precipitation extremes scaling to understand changes in the extreme condensation events leading to extreme precipitation. Increased organization leads to greater increases in precipitation extremes by enhancing both the dynamic and implied efficiency contributions. We link these contributions to environmental variables modified by the presence of organization and suggest that increases in moisture in the aggregated region may be responsible for enhancing both convective updraft area fraction and precipitation efficiency. By leveraging a controlled intercomparison of models with both explicit and parameterized convection, this work provides strong evidence for the amplification of tropical precipitation extremes and their response to warming by convective organization.