bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced protection of the renal vascular endothelium improves early outcome in kidney transplantation: Preclinical investigations in pig and mouse
Authors: Nordling Sofia , Brännström Johan , Carlsson Fredrik , Lu Bo , Salvaris Evelyn , Wanders Alkwin , Buijs Jos , Estrada Sergio , Tolmachev Vladimir , Cowan Peter J. , Lorant Tomas , Magnusson Peetra U. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIschemia reperfusion injury is one of the major complications responsible for delayed graft function in kidney transplantation. Applications to reduce reperfusion injury are essential due to the widespread use of kidneys from deceased organ donors where the risk for delayed graft function is especially prominent. We have recently shown that coating of inflamed or damaged endothelial cells with a unique heparin conjugate reduces thrombosis and leukocyte recruitment. In this study we evaluated the binding capacity of the heparin conjugate to cultured human endothelial cells, to kidneys from brain-dead porcine donors, and to murine kidneys during static cold storage. The heparin conjugate was able to stably bind cultured endothelial cells with high avidity, and to the renal vasculature of explanted kidneys from pigs and mice. Treatment of murine kidneys prior to transplantation reduced platelet deposition and leukocyte infiltration 24 hours post-transplantation, and significantly improved graft function. The present study thus shows the benefits of enhanced protection of the renal vasculature during cold storage, whereby increasing the antithrombotic and anti-adhesive properties of the vascular endothelium yields improved renal function early after transplantation.
The immune contexture of hepatocellular carcinoma predicts clinical outcome
Authors: Foerster Friedrich , Hess Moritz , Gerhold-Ay Aslihan , Marquardt Jens Uwe , Becker Diana , Galle Peter Robert , Schuppan Detlef , Binder Harald , Bockamp Ernesto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe general relevance of the immune system for cancer development and therapy is increasingly recognized. However and although the immune contexture of most human cancer types has been determined, a global characterisation of the immune tumour microenvironment in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is lacking. Equally, differences in the immune contexture of HCC between different patient subgroups and its effect on survival remain to be established. Here we report an in silico analysis of the immune contexture of human HCC. Using large deep sequencing HCC tumour, adjacent non-tumour and healthy liver high-dimensional data sets, we were able to reveal previously unrecognized differences in the immune contexture of HCC. Strikingly, we found that different etiologies and HCC stages were not associated with major changes in the immune contexture. In contrast, the presence of T cells and cytotoxic cells as well as the absence of macrophages and Th2 cells positively correlated with patient survival. Based on these novel findings, we developed a prognostic score that accurately distinguishes between patients with good and poor survival. Our study provides the first global characterisation of the immune contexture of HCC and will have direct implications for future HCC therapies.
HDAC genes play distinct and redundant roles in Cryptococcus neoformans virulence
Authors: Brandão Fabiana , Esher Shannon K. , Ost Kyla S. , Pianalto Kaila , Nichols Connie B. , Fernandes Larissa , Bocca Anamélia L. , Poças-Fonseca Marcio José , Alspaugh J. Andrew 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans undergoes many phenotypic changes to promote its survival in specific ecological niches and inside the host. To explore the role of chromatin remodeling on the expression of virulence-related traits, we identified and deleted seven genes encoding predicted class I/II histone deacetylases (HDACs) in the C. neoformans genome. These studies demonstrated that individual HDACs control non-identical but overlapping cellular processes associated with virulence, including thermotolerance, capsule formation, melanin synthesis, protease activity and cell wall integrity. We also determined the HDAC genes necessary for C. neoformans survival during in vitro macrophage infection and in animal models of cryptococcosis. Our results identified the HDA1 HDAC gene as a central mediator controlling several cellular processes, including mating and virulence. Finally, a global gene expression profile comparing the hda1Δ mutant versus wild-type revealed altered transcription of specific genes associated with the most prominent virulence attributes in this fungal pathogen. This study directly correlates the effects of Class I/II HDAC-mediated chromatin remodeling on the marked phenotypic plasticity and virulence potential of this microorganism. Furthermore, our results provide insights into regulatory mechanisms involved in virulence gene expression that are likely shared with other microbial pathogens.
Monitoring the Age of Mosquito Populations Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Lambert Ben , Sikulu-Lord Maggy T. , Mayagaya Vale S. , Devine Greg , Dowell Floyd , Churcher Thomas S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMosquito control with bednets, residual sprays or fumigation remains the most effective tool for preventing vector-borne diseases such as malaria, dengue and Zika, though there are no widely used entomological methods for directly assessing its efficacy. Mosquito age is the most informative metric for evaluating interventions that kill adult mosquitoes but there is no simple or reliable way of measuring it in the field. Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) has been shown to be a promising, high-throughput method that can estimate the age of mosquitoes. Currently the ability of NIRS to measure mosquito age is biased, and has relatively high individual mosquito measurement error, though its capacity to rigorously monitor mosquito populations in the field has never been assessed. In this study, we use machine learning methods from the chemometric literature to generate more accurate, unbiased estimates of individual mosquito age. These unbiased estimates produce precise population-level measurements, which are relatively insensitive to further increases in NIRS accuracy when feasible numbers of mosquitoes are sampled. The utility of NIRS to directly measure the impact of pyrethroid resistance on mosquito control is illustrated, showing how the technology has potential as a highly valuable tool for directly assessing the efficacy of mosquito control interventions.
Radiomic MRI signature reveals three distinct subtypes of glioblastoma with different clinical and molecular characteristics, offering prognostic value beyond IDH1
Authors: Rathore Saima , Akbari Hamed , Rozycki Martin , Abdullah Kalil G. , Nasrallah MacLean P. , Binder Zev A. , Davuluri Ramana V. , Lustig Robert A. , Dahmane Nadia , Bilello Michel , O’Rourke Donald M. , Davatzikos Christos 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe remarkable heterogeneity of glioblastoma, across patients and over time, is one of the main challenges in precision diagnostics and treatment planning. Non-invasive in vivo characterization of this heterogeneity using imaging could assist in understanding disease subtypes, as well as in risk-stratification and treatment planning of glioblastoma. The current study leveraged advanced imaging analytics and radiomic approaches applied to multi-parametric MRI of de novo glioblastoma patients (n = 208 discovery, n = 53 replication), and discovered three distinct and reproducible imaging subtypes of glioblastoma, with differential clinical outcome and underlying molecular characteristics, including isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1), O6-methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase, epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII), and transcriptomic subtype composition. The subtypes provided risk-stratification substantially beyond that provided by WHO classifications. Within IDH1-wildtype tumors, our subtypes revealed different survival (p < 0.001), thereby highlighting the synergistic consideration of molecular and imaging measures for prognostication. Moreover, the imaging characteristics suggest that subtype-specific treatment of peritumoral infiltrated brain tissue might be more effective than current uniform standard-of-care. Finally, our analysis found subtype-specific radiogenomic signatures of EGFRvIII-mutated tumors. The identified subtypes and their clinical and molecular correlates provide an in vivo portrait of phenotypic heterogeneity in glioblastoma, which points to the need for precision diagnostics and personalized treatment.
The impacts of regional transport and meteorological factors on aerosol optical depth over Beijing, 1980–2014
Authors: Gu Xingfa , Bao Fangwen , Cheng Tianhai , Chen Hao , Wang Ying , Guo Hong 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the role of different sources that contribute to the aerosol extinction coefficient is an important aspect toward analyzing climate change and regional air quality. In Beijing specifically, the region has suffered severe air quality deterioration over the past three decades, but the magnitude of extraneous contributions to aerosol variation has remained uncertain. Therefore, we estimated trends of contributions to aerosol optical depth (AOD) for Beijing from 1980 to 2014 and built a seasonal regression model to decouple the extraneous contribution from the total emitted using ground-based aerosol and meteorological measurements, extended to the emissions of man-made and natural contribution. The variation of AOD over Beijing was significantly affected by the anthropogenic aerosol emissions, which experienced slight augmentation by 15.3% from 1980 to 2000, rapid inflation by 36.9% from 2000 to 2006, and a gradual decrease by 10.0% from 2006 to 2014. The extraneous contribution from wind and its associated languishing patterns explain the historical increase of regional AOD, which experienced about a 10% enhancement over the three stages. Other meteorological contributions show no significant trends over 35 years, except for the temperature inversion, which despite the weakened hygroscopic growth after 2006, still experiences a significant enhancement.
Brain activations associated with fearful experience show common and distinct patterns between younger and older adults in the hippocampus and the amygdala
Authors: Lin Chia-Shu , Wu Ching-Yi , Wu Shih-Yun , Lin Hsiao-Han 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRevisiting threat-related scenes elicits fear and activates a brain network related to cognitive-affective processing. Prior experience may contribute to the present fearful experience. We aimed to investigate (a) patterns of brain activation associated with individual differences in past fearful experiences (pFear) and the present fear elicited by watching videos (eFear) and (b) age-related differences in the activation patterns. Forty healthy adults, including 20 younger adults (YA) and 20 older adults (OA), underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while watching videos containing high- and low-threat scenes of medical treatment. Both age subgroups showed positive correlations between pFear and bilateral hippocampal activation. Only YA showed threat-related activation in the bilateral anterior insula and activation positively correlated with pFear in the bilateral S1 and the amygdala. The evidence suggests that the hippocampus, amygdala and S1 may play key roles in bridging past fearful experiences and the present fear elicited by revisiting visual scenes and that the interaction between memory and emotional processing may be age dependent.
Enhancing the recovery of a temporal sequence of images using joint deconvolution
Authors: Caramazza Piergiorgio , Wilson Kali , Gariepy Genevieve , Leach Jonathan , McLaughlin Stephen , Faccio Daniele , Altmann Yoann 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this work, we address the reconstruction of spatial patterns that are encoded in light fields associated with a series of light pulses emitted by a laser source and imaged using photon-counting cameras, with an intrinsic response significantly longer than the pulse delay. Adopting a Bayesian approach, we propose and demonstrate experimentally a novel joint temporal deconvolution algorithm taking advantage of the fact that single pulses are observed simultaneously by different pixels. Using an intensified CCD camera with a 1000-ps gate, stepped with 10-ps increments, we show the ability to resolve images that are separated by a 10-ps delay, four time better compared to standard deconvolution techniques.
Cross-platform mass spectrometry annotation in breathomics of oesophageal-gastric cancer
Authors: Chin Sung-Tong , Romano Andrea , Doran Sophie L. F. , Hanna George B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDisease breathomics is gaining importance nowadays due to its usefulness as non-invasive early cancer detection. Mass spectrometry (MS) technique is often used for analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with cancer in the exhaled breath but a long-standing challenge is the uncertainty in mass peak annotation for potential volatile biomarkers. This work describes a cross-platform MS strategy employing selected-ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS), high resolution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) retrofitted with electron ionisation (EI) and GC-MS retrofitted with positive chemical ionisation (PCI) as orthogonal analytical approaches in order to provide facile identification of the oxygenated VOCs from breath of cancer patients. In addition, water infusion was applied as novel efficient PCI reagent in breathomics analysis, depicting unique diagnostic ions M+ or [M-17]+ for VOC identification. Identity confirmation of breath VOCs was deduced using the proposed multi-platform workflow, which reveals variation in breath oxygenated VOC composition of oesophageal-gastric (OG) cancer patients with dominantly ketones, followed by aldehydes, alcohols, acids and phenols in decreasing order of relative abundance. Accurate VOC identification provided by cross-platform approach would be valuable for the refinement of diagnostic VOC models and the understanding of molecular drivers of VOC production.
Association of NF-E2 Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) and inflammatory cytokines in recent onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sireesh Dornadula , Dhamodharan Umapathy , Ezhilarasi Krishnamoorthy , Vijay Viswanathan , Ramkumar Kunka Mohanram 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe investigated the association of redox regulator Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inflammatory cytokines as well as clinical remission in patients with recent onset type 2 diabetes (DM). Blood was collected from 180 DM patients (105 males/75 females) and 150 control subjects (86 males/64 females). Blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile and Nrf2 levels were determined along with circulatory cytokines in study subjects. The data were adjusted with confounding factors such as age and sex using multiple logistic regression analysis. We found that Th1/Th2 and oxidative stress markers were significantly elevated, whereas Nrf2 and its downstream targets were decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of DM subjects when compared with control. The circulatory levels of Nrf2 showed a positive correlation with Th2 cytokines and negative correlation to Th1 cytokines. Further, the impaired insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells observed due to cytokine stress has been restored by activation of Nrf2 as assessed by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). This study identifies Nrf2 plays a central role in skewing Th1 and Th2 dominance in the progression of diabetes.
The safety evaluation of food flavouring substances: the role of metabolic studies
Authors: Smith Robert L. , Cohen Samuel M. , Fukushima Shoji , Gooderham Nigel J. , Hecht Stephen S. , Guengerich F. Peter , Rietjens Ivonne M. C. M. , Bastaki Maria , Harman Christie L. , McGowen Margaret M. , Taylor Sean V. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The safety assessment of a flavour substance examines several factors, including metabolic and physiological disposition data. The present article provides an overview of the metabolism and disposition of flavour substances by identifying general applicable principles of metabolism to illustrate how information on metabolic fate is taken into account in their safety evaluation. The metabolism of the majority of flavour substances involves a series both of enzymatic and non-enzymatic biotransformation that often results in products that are more hydrophilic and more readily excretable than their precursors. Flavours can undergo metabolic reactions, such as oxidation, reduction, or hydrolysis that alter a functional group relative to the parent compound. The altered functional group may serve as a reaction site for a subsequent metabolic transformation. Metabolic intermediates undergo conjugation with an endogenous agent such as glucuronic acid, sulphate, glutathione, amino acids, or acetate. Such conjugates are typically readily excreted through the kidneys and liver. This paper summarizes the types of metabolic reactions that have been documented for flavour substances that are added to the human food chain, the methodologies available for metabolic studies, and the factors that affect the metabolic fate of a flavour substance.
62–92 GHz low‐noise transformer‐coupled LNA in 90‐nm CMOS
Authors: Huang C.‐Y. , Liu J.Y.‐C. 
Published: March 2018

A 69–92 GHz wideband low‐noise amplifier (LNA) in a 90‐nm CMOS process is presented. A transformer‐based shunt‐series feedback is designed to achieve a broad input matching and minimum noise figure (NF) simultaneously. Interstage matching is achieved by the on‐chip transformer. The proposed four‐stage common‐source LNA achieves a wide 3‐dB bandwidth of 23 GHz, a peak gain of 7.6 dB at 76 GHz, a minimum NF of 6.6 dB at 80 GHz, and an input 1‐dB compression point of −7 dBm. The circuit occupies an area of 0.675 × 0.87 mm2 and consumes 11.3 mW under a 1.2 V supply.
Iron-peak elements Sc, V, Mn, Cu, and Zn in Galactic bulge globular clusters
Authors: Ernandes H. , Barbuy B. , Alves-Brito A. , Friaça A. , Siqueira-Mello C. , Allen D. M. 
Published: March 2018

Aims. Globular clusters are tracers of the history of star formation and chemical enrichment in the early Galaxy. Their abundance pattern can help understanding their chemical enrichment processes. In particular, the iron-peak elements have been relatively little studied so far in the Galactic bulge.
Methods. The main aim of this work is to verify the strength of abundances of iron-peak elements for chemical tagging in view of identifying different stellar populations. Besides, the nucleosynthesis processes that build these elements are complex, therefore observational data can help constraining theoretical models, as well as give suggestions as to the kinds of supernovae that enriched the gas before these stars formed.
Results. The abundances of iron-peak elements are derived for the sample clusters, and compared with bulge field, and thick disk stars. We derived abundances of the iron-peak elements Sc, V, Mn, Cu, and Zn in individual stars of five bulge globular clusters (NGC 6528, NGC 6553, NGC 6522, NGC 6558, HP 1), and of the reference thick disk/or inner halo cluster 47 Tucanae (NGC 104). High resolution spectra were obtained with the UVES spectrograph at the Very Large Telescope over the years.
Conclusions. The sample globular clusters studied span metallicities in the range –1.2 ≲ [Fe/H] ≲ 0.0. V and Sc appear to vary in lockstep with Fe, indicating that they are produced in the same supernovae as Fe. We find that Mn is deficient in metal-poor stars, confirming that it is underproduced in massive stars; Mn-over-Fe steadily increases at the higher metallicities due to a metallicity-dependent enrichment by supernovae of type Ia. Cu behaves as a secondary element, indicating its production in a weak-s process in massive stars. Zn has an alpha-like behaviour at low metallicities, which can be explained in terms of nucleosynthesis in hypernovae. At the metal-rich end, Zn decreases with increasing metallicity, similarly to the alpha-elements.
A case of severe gouty tophi-induced carpal tunnel syndrome: Operative finding and its outcome
Authors: Lee Jun-Ku , Kim Ju Won , Kim Yoon Seok , Koo Bon San 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionGout is a disease featuring acute arthritis, joint deformity and severe pain caused through the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in and around synovial tissue
1. Tophi are stone-like deposits of monosodium urate in the soft tissues, synovial tissues, or bones adjacent to the joints.
The tophi can compromise joint motion and deteriorate bony structure, finally leading to functional disability. Therefore, early treatment using uric acid lowering
agents is standard practice in gout patients to prevent the formation of tophi through controlling uric acid levels.
Nutrigenomic Information in the openEHR Data Set
Authors: Maranhão Priscila , Bacelar-Silva Gustavo , Ferreira Duarte , Calhau Conceição , Vieira-Marques Pedro , Cruz-Correia Ricardo 
Published: March 2018

Background The traditional concept of personalized nutrition is based on adapting diets according to individual needs and preferences. Discussions about personalized nutrition have been on since the Human Genome Project, which has sequenced the human genome. Thenceforth, topics such as nutrigenomics have been assessed to help in better understanding the genetic variation influence on the dietary response and association between nutrients and gene expression. Hence, some challenges impaired the understanding about the nowadays important clinical data and about clinical data assumed to be important in the future.
Objective Finding the main clinical statements in the personalized nutrition field (nutrigenomics) to create the future-proof health information system to the openEHR server based on archetypes, as well as a specific nutrigenomic template.
Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed. The aim of this systemic review was to list the chief clinical statements and create archetype and templates for openEHR modeling tools, namely, Ocean Archetype Editor and Ocean Template Design.
Results The literature search led to 51 articles; however, just 26 articles were analyzed after all the herein adopted inclusion criteria were assessed. Of these total, 117 clinical statements were identified, as well as 27 archetype-friendly concepts. Our group modeled four new archetypes (waist-to-height ratio, genetic test results, genetic summary, and diet plan) and finally created the specific nutrigenomic template for nutrition care.
Conclusion The archetypes and the specific openEHR template developed in this study gave dieticians and other health professionals an important tool to their nutrigenomic clinical practices, besides a set of nutrigenomic data to clinical research.
Malign Differentiation of a Large Buschke Loewenstein Tumor in Penis
Authors: Akdag Osman , Yildiran Gokce 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBuschke–Loewenstein tumor (BLT) is a giant condyloma acuminatum which is very rare and commonly affects the anogenital region. The malignant transformation and localization in penis is very rare. This article aims to present a case with BLT with malignant transformation in penis.A 59-year-old male patient was referred, who has have been suffering from a cauliflower-like lesion in the penis for 8 years. Biopsies revealed a BLT with malignant transformation. The lesion was excised largely and reconstructed with local flaps and skin grafts.Defined by Buschke and Loewenstein in 1925, giant condyloma acuminatum is a rare and important disorder because of the sexually transmitting capability.
Hypothenar hammer syndrome
Authors: Juscafresa Laura Calsina , Grochowicz Lukasz 
Published: March 2018

IntroductionIn 1934 von Rosen first described a posttraumatic thrombosis of the distal ulnar artery resulting from blunt a trauma to the hypothenar region. But it was Conn in
1970 who named it the “hypothenar hammer syndrome (HHS)” 1–2.