bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient deep‐blue fluorescent dopant for achieving low‐power OLED display satisfying BT.2020 chromaticity
Authors: Takita Yusuke , Takeda Kyoko , Hashimoto Naoaki , Nomura Shiho , Suzuki Tsunenori , Nakashima Harue , Uesaka Shogo , Seo Satoshi , Yamazaki Shunpei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this work, novel blue‐fluorescent dopants with a heteroaromatic ring skeleton instead of the conventional pyrene skeleton were investigated. Bottom‐emission organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated using the novel blue‐fluorescent dopants in light‐emitting layers achieved better deep‐blue chromaticity than OLEDs based on a conventional pyrene‐based dopant, while maintaining both high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and comparable reliability. The attainment of deep‐blue chromaticity without losing high EQE was ascribed to the improvement of the efficiency of energy transfer from the host to the dopant. Furthermore, it was estimated that using this novel dopant in a top‐emission OLED panel that satisfies BT.2020 chromaticity enables the power consumption of the whole panel to be 24% lower than that of the panel with a conventional dopant.
The prognostic impact of differentiation at the invasive front of biliary tract cancer
Authors: Okubo Satoshi , Mitsunaga Shuichi , Kato Yuichiro , Kojima Motohiro , Sugimoto Motokazu , Gotohda Naoto , Takahashi Shinichiro , Hayashi Ryuichi , Konishi Masaru 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundThe invasive front of tumor can provide prognostic information in many cancers. We investigated the prognostic morphological factors at the invasive front including tumor differentiation (Difinv) and tumor budding (Bud) in biliary tract cancer (BTC).MethodsThe resected specimen from the 299 BTC patients were examined. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, gallbladder cancer, and ampulla of Vater cancer were found in 16%, 48%, 17%, and 19%, respectively. Difinvgrade (G) 3 and Bud foci ≥5 were found in 47% and 10%. Tumor with DifinvG3 showed the high frequencies of Bud, vascular invasion (Ve) and nodal metastasis (LN) compared to tumor with DifinvG1/2 (Bud: 21% vs 0%, Ve: 71% vs 50%, LN: 52% vs 36%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the independent predictors were DifinvG3 (HR: 1.71), Bud foci ≥5 (HR: 2.14), Ve (HR: 1.56) and LN (HR: 2.59) in overall survival and were positive resection margin (HR: 1.71), DifinvG3 (HR: 1.75), Ve (HR: 1.50), and LN (HR: 2.19) in relapse free survival.ConclusionPoor differentiation at the invasive front of tumor was associated with poor prognosis and early relapse in BTC patients.
What happens to the pleural space affected by malignant effusion after bedside pleurodesis?
Authors: de Araujo Pedro H.X.N , Terra Ricardo M. , da Silva Santos Thiago , Chate Rodrigo C. , de Paiva Antonio F.L. , Pêgo‐Fernandes Paulo M. 
Published: March 2018

Background and objectivesEvaluate radiological characteristics of postpleurodesis pleural space of patients with recurrent malignant pleural effusion(RMPE).MethodsProspective cohort study including patients with RPME treated with bedside pleurodesis. We used CT scans to calculate pleural cavity volume immediately before pleurodesis(iCT) and 30 days after(CT30). Radiological evolution was calculated by the difference between pleural volumes on CT30 and iCT(Δvolume). We categorized initial pleural volume as small(<500 mL) or large space(≥500 mL) and Δvolume as positive(>254.49 mL), unchanged(≥−268.77−≤ 254.49 mL), or negative(<−268.77 mL). Futhermore, we analyzed clinical effectiveness, pleural elastance, and adverse events.ResultsA total of 87 patients were analyzed. Pleural volume varied from 35‐2750 mL in iCT and from 0‐2995 mL in CT30(P = 0.753). A total of 54 patients had initial small pleural space(62.06%) and 33 large(37.93%). Clinical failure occurred in 7.4% of small space group and in 24.6% of large(P = 0.051, OR4.0(CI:1.098‐14.570)). In small space group, 27.77% evolved with positive, 66.66% with unchanged and 5.55% with negative Δvolume. In the large space group these numbers were respectively 21.21%, 27.27%, and 51.51%.ConclusionsThere is significant variability on pleural space volume. However, pleural volume remains unchanged in many cases. Besides that, more than half patients with initial large space coursed with relevant reduction. Finally, patients with initial small space presented a greater chance of clinical success.
Autologous chondrocyte grafting promotes bone formation in the posterolateral spine
Authors: Sielatycki J. Alex , Saito Masanori , Yuasa Masato , Moore‐Lotridge Stephanie N. , Uppuganti Sasidhar , Colazo Juan M. , Hysong Alexander A. , Robinette J. Patton , Okawa Atsushi , Yoshii Toshitaka , Schwartz Herbert S. , Nyman Jeffry S. , Schoenecker Jonathan G. 
Published: March 2018

Background contextPseudarthrosis following spinal fusion remains problematic despite modern surgical and grafting techniques. In surgical spinal fusion, new bone forms via intramembranous and endochondral ossification, with endochondral ossification occurring in the hypoxic zones of the fusion bed. During bone development and fracture healing, the key cellular mediator of endochondral ossification is the hypertrophic chondrocyte given its ability to function in hypoxia and induce neovascularization and ossification. We therefore hypothesize that hypertrophic chondrocytes may be an effective bone graft alternative.PurposeSpinal fusion procedures have increased substantially; yet 5% to 35% of all spinal fusions may result in pseudoarthrosis. Pseudoarthrosis may occur because of implant failure, infection, or biological failure, among other reasons. Advances in surgical techniques and bone grafting have improved fusion; however pseudarthrosis rates remain unacceptably high. Thus, the goal of this study is to investigate hypertrophic chondrocytes as a potential biological graft alternative.MethodsUsing a validated murine fracture model, hypertrophic chondrocytes were harvested from fracture calluses and transplanted into the posterolateral spines of identical mice. New bone formation was assessed by X‐ray, microcomputed tomography (μCT), and in vivo fluorescent imaging. Results were compared against a standard iliac crest bone graft and a sham surgery control group. Funding for this work was provided by the Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, the OREF (Grant #16‐150), and The Caitlin Lovejoy Fund.ResultsRadiography, μCT, and in vivo fluorescent imaging demonstrated that hypertrophic chondrocytes promoted bone formation at rates equivalent to iliac crest autograft. Additionally, μCT analysis demonstrated similar fusion rates in a subset of mice from the iliac crest and hypertrophic chondrocyte groups.ConclusionsThis proof‐of‐concept study indicates that hypertrophic chondrocytes can promote bone formation comparable to iliac crest bone graft. These findings provide the foundation for future studies to investigate the potential therapeutic use of hypertrophic chondrocytes in spinal fusion.
Freeze–thaw approach: A practical sample preparation strategy for residue analysis of multi‐class veterinary drugs in chicken muscle
Authors: Zhang Meiyu , Li Erfen , Su Yijuan , Song Xuqin , Xie Jingmeng , Zhang Yingxia , He Limin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSeven drugs from different classes, namely, fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, sarafloxacin), sulfonamides (sulfadimidine, sulfamonomethoxine), and macrolides (tilmicosin, tylosin), were used as test compounds in chickens by oral administration, a simple extraction step after cryogenic freezing might allow the effective extraction of multi‐class veterinary drug residues from minced chicken muscles by mix vortexing. On basis of the optimized freeze–thaw approach, a convenient, selective, and reproducible liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed. At three spiking levels in blank chicken and medicated chicken muscles, average recoveries of the analytes were in the range of 71–106 and 63–119%, respectively. All the relative standard deviations were <20%. The limits of quantification of analytes were 0.2–5.0 ng/g. Regardless of the chicken levels, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the average contents of almost any of the analytes in medicated chickens between this method and specific methods in the literature for the determination of specific analytes. Finally, the developed method was successfully extended to the monitoring of residues of 55 common veterinary drugs in food animal muscles.
Detection of bacteria by 16S rRNA PCR and sequencing in culture‐negative chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Karunasagar Abhilasha , Jalastagi Roshan , Naik Ashok , Rai Praveen 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveCurrent studies on the association between bacteria and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have relied solely on microbiological culture, which can sometimes be negative due to prior antibiotic therapy or lack of transport media. The objective of the study was to understand whether bacteria are associated with culture‐negative cases.MethodsWe investigated 20 cases of CRS undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery by both culture and 16S rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing. The disease severity was assessed using Sino‐nasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22) scoring preoperatively.ResultsOf the 20 cases studied, only five were culture‐positive. Bacteria were detected in all 15 culture‐negative cases by 16S rRNA gene PCR. Sequencing indicated that Staphylococcus is the dominant group, followed by Enterobacter and Pseudomonas. In two cases, from which Pseudomonas was detected, SNOT‐22 scores were above 80, indicating high disease severity.Conclusion16S rRNA gene PCR, followed by sequencing, would help the clinician understand the association between bacteria and CRS. Molecular detection and identification of bacteria would help the clinician better predict the outcome and plan further management accordingly.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 128:2223–2225, 2018
Is cricothyroid muscle twitch predictive of the integrity of the EBSLN in Thyroid Surgery?
Authors: Sung Eui‐Suk , Chang Jae Hyeok , Kim Jia , Cha Wonjae 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveCricothyroid (CT) muscle twitch inspection with neurostimulation is a widely accepted method to identify the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) and its integrity in thyroid surgery. However, there has been no large‐scale research to evaluate the diagnostic values of CT muscle twitch inspection based on postoperative electromyography (EMG) results, which are considered the gold standard. In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the diagnostic value of CT muscle twitch inspection based on postoperative EMG.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsA total of 454 patients underwent primary thyroid surgery. Among them, 55 patients were excluded because of preoperative vocal fold palsy, problems with the stimulator, or refusal to participate in the EMG study. Finally, 399 patients were prospectively enrolled in this study. Intraoperatively, CT muscle twitch was inspected with neurostimulation. Bilateral EMG examination of the CT muscle was performed 2 to 3 months postoperatively in all patients.ResultsA total of 712 EBSLNs at risk were analyzed in this study. Of these, 21 (2.9%) nerves were visually identified, and positive CT muscle twitch by neurostimulation was observed in 694 (97.5%). Normal results on postoperative EMG of the CT muscle were reported in 657 (92.3%). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 97.7%, 5.5%, 92.5%, and 16.7%, respectively.ConclusionCT muscle twitch inspection could be a useful intraoperative tool to determine EBSLN integrity considering its high sensitivity and PPV. However, the test may not completely replace EMG for evaluating EBSLN integrity due to its low specificity and NPV.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 2654–2661, 2018
Extracapsular dissection for warthin tumors despite the risk of ipsilateral metachronous occurrence
Authors: Mantsopoulos Konstantinos , Goncalves Miguel , Koch Michael , Iro Heinrich 
Published: March 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe ideal extent of surgical intervention for cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland remains a matter of controversy. The aim of our study was to assess the surgical outcome after extracapsular dissection for cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland. A further purpose of this study was to examine how the number of primary cystadenolymphomas or the size of the primary lesion influences the possibility of an ipsilateral metachronous tumor occurrence.Study DesignRetrospective clinical study.MethodsA retrospective evaluation of the records was carried out for all patients treated for cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland by means of extracapsular dissection at a tertiary referral center between 2000 and 2012.ResultsThree hundred twenty‐seven patients were included in the study. Our analysis detected an overall occurrence rate of ipsilateral metachronous tumors of 3.1% (10/327) with a mean follow‐up of 108.4 months. A significant difference in the rate of metachronous lesions between unilocular (1.7%) and multilocular (11.6%) tumors could be detected (χ2(1) = 7.342, P < .001). Our analysis was not able to find any significant influence of the maximal tumor size on the rate of metachronous tumors (χ2(1) = 0.634, P = .426).ConclusionsOne of the most controversial issues in the treatment of cystadenolymphomas of the parotid gland concerns the question of which is the best therapeutic approach to be taken in such patients. Our analysis was able to demonstrate the benefits of extracapsular dissection in the management of solitary as well as carefully selected multicentric cystadenolymphomas with a consistently acceptable surgical outcome.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 2521–2524, 2018
Comparison of cricothyroid approximation and glottoplasty for surgical voice feminization in male‐to‐female transsexuals
Authors: Mora Elena , Cobeta Ignacio , Becerra Antonio , Lucio Maria Jesús 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo compare voice feminization and quality of life (QoL) of Male‐to‐Female Transsexuals (MtF Ts) after cricothyroid approximation (CTA) or glottoplasty (GL).Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsFifty‐three MtF Ts were studied between 2007 and 2016. Voice assessment was based on fundamental frequency (F0), perceptual rating on GBRAS Hirano scale (Grade, Breathiness, Roughness, Asthenia, Strain), QoL related to voice on the Voice Handicap Index‐10 Spanish validated version (VHI‐10 Sv) and self‐perceived femininity of the voice (SpFv), and overall satisfaction with the surgical technique (Sst) on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Demographic data and complications related to surgery were also recorded.ResultsTwenty‐eight MtF Ts underwent CTA and 23 GL. The mean age was 35 years. The median follow‐up period was 40 months. Mean F0 improved after surgery for both groups, but this increase was 27 Hz higher after GL than after CTA (P < 0.05). After CTA, F0 decreased over time but remained stable after GL. The GBRAS score did not change after CTA; the roughness item and total score increased from 0 to 1 after GL (P < 0.05). VHI‐10 Sv scores decreased similarly in both groups. SpFv increase was higher after GL. The Sst was mild and similar in both groups. One case of severe dysphonia (4%) resulting from a big and fibrous sinequia occurred after GL.ConclusionBoth CTA and GL increase F0, improving QoL in MtF Ts. However, F0 increase is higher and more long‐lasting after GL. More risk of postoperative roughness is described after GL.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2101–2109, 2018
FDG‐PET metabolic tumor parameters for the reirradiation of recurrent head and neck cancer
Authors: Velez Maria A. , Veruttipong Darlene , Wang Pin‐Chieh , Abemayor Elliot , St. John Maie , TenNapel Mindi , Chen Allen M. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe utility of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) imaging to predict outcome has been well‐established for patients undergoing definitive radiation in the initial management of head and neck cancer. However, the usefulness of this modality in the recurrent setting remains uncertain. We sought to evaluate the prognostic value of metabolic tumor parameters measured on FDG‐PET in patients treated by reirradiation for recurrent head and neck cancer.MethodsThirty‐four tumors occurring in 29 patients were reirradiated and were evaluable. The most common disease sites were the oropharynx (n = 9), oral cavity (N = 8), and nasopharynx (n = 6). Potential correlations of FDG‐PET maximum standardized uptake value (SUV) and metabolic tumor volume (MTV) with survival endpoints were explored. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazard.ResultsThe median MTV, SUV, and gross tumor volume, as delineated using the 50% SUVmax threshold, were 366 cc (range, 0–3,567 cc), 8.1 (range, 0–25), and 48.5 cc (range, 1–190 cc), respectively. On univariate analysis, both MTVs (as measured as a continuous variable and using the median value of 266 cc as cutoff) were predictive of decreased overall survival (P < 0.05 for both). A strong trend toward decreased progression‐free survival (P = 0.05), in‐field control (P = 0.06), and locoregional control (P = 0.07) was also observed with increasing MTV when analyzed as a continuous variable. Multi‐variate analysis confirmed MTV as an independent predictor of mortality.ConclusionThe PET‐derived parameter MTV may serve as a potentially valuable factor for risk stratification and for guiding treatment in future reirradiation trials.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:2345–2350, 2018
Management of myringitis: Current concepts and review
Authors: Chung Juyong , Lee Doh Young , Kim Young Ho 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesThis study reviews the proposed mechanisms underlying the development of myringitis and suggests optimal guidelines for the successful treatment and prevention of recurrence through a literature review.Review MethodsStudies reporting the treatment outcomes of myringitis were systematically reviewed by searching the MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase databases for studies published from 2000 to 2017. The search for myringitis yielded 57 results, and 31 were found to be relevant. Thirteen articles related to bullous myringitis associated with acute otitis media were excluded; the remaining 18 were included in this study. The studies were reviewed with attention to clinical characteristics, treatment options, and results after treatment.ResultsAmong 18 publications, 10 suggested therapeutic options for myringitis: 1) five studies suggested management using topical agents, 2) three studies suggested laser‐assisted treatment, and 3) two studies suggested surgical treatment. Treatments using topical agents or a laser showed highly variable resolution rates (63.6%–100% and 20%–85.7%, respectively). Two studies introducing surgical therapy reported good treatment outcomes (95.8%–100%). Five articles discussed the characteristics or diagnosis of myringitis; however, there was a lack of evidence for the related mechanism.ConclusionsNo well‐designed randomized studies have assessed optimal treatments. Although surgery showed better treatment results than topical agents and laser‐assisted treatment, the wide range of resolution rates indicates that proper patient selection is needed. Further studies are needed to improve the current understanding and management of myringitis. Laryngoscope, 128:2157–2162, 2018
Long‐term impact of land use changes on soil erosion in an agricultural catchment (in the Western Polish Carpathians)
Authors: Kijowska‐Strugała Małgorzata , Bucała‐Hrabia Anna , Demczuk Piotr 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe change in land use and land cover (LULC) from natural vegetation to agricultural in mountain areas usually dramatically accelerates soil erosion rates if the land is used for crop production. The aim of research was to calculate soil erosion magnitude basing on the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) in response to long‐term changes in LULC in an agricultural Homerka catchment (19.3 km2) of the Polish Carpathians. The changes in LULC were derived from cadastral maps for 1846 and orthophotomaps for 2009. Three variants with different factors, rainfall–run‐off erosivity (R), practice support (P), and LULC, were analysed to investigate which has had the greatest impact on soil erosion changes over the last 160 years. An increase in forest area (by 67.81%) and decrease in cultivated land (by 91.94%) were observed, primarily due to the collapse of the communist system. The estimated soil erosion using the RUSLE model in the analysed catchment decreased by 77% (from 18.13 t ha−1 yr−1 in 1846 to 4.11 t ha−1 yr−1 in 2009). The long‐term changes in soil erosion rates and their spatial distribution are mainly associated with transformation from cultivated land to forest or grassland. The P factor was responsible for reduction of soil erosion rates by 8%, a minor impact. Over the last 160 years, the average and maximum annual precipitation changes were also statistically insignificant. Results reveal a dominant role of human impact, particularly with respect to LULC on soil erosion changes in mid‐mountain areas.
Short‐term and midterm evolution of topsoil organic matter and biological properties after prescribed burning for pasture recovery (Tella, Central Pyrenees, Spain)
Authors: Armas‐Herrera Cecilia M. , Martí Clara , Badía David , Ortiz‐Perpiñá Oriol , Girona‐García Antonio , Mora Juan Luis 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe determined the short‐ and medium‐term effects of prescribed burns on soil organic matter content and biological activity in grazing areas invaded by the shrubEchinospartum horridum(Vahl) Rothm. in the Pyrenees of Huesca (Spain). Soil samples were collected at 0–1, 1–2, and 2–3 cm depths in triplicate just before the burn, immediately after the burn (T0), and 1 and 5 years later (T1 and T5). We analysed the contents of total soil organic C and N, soil respiration, microbial biomass C, and β‐d‐glucosidase and acid phosphatase activities. Fire provoked an immediate high decrease in the contents of soil organic C (−40.2%) and N (−26.3%) in the first 3 cm, which were even lower at T5 (−50.3% and −46.5%, respectively). This can be explained as follows: (a) low incorporation of burned organic matter due to removal by wind and run‐off; (b) changes in microclimate increasing soil temperature and enhancing mineralization; and (c) a stimulating effect on decomposition due to the release of nutrients. Soil biological activity was affected at T0 in the first 3 cm (−49.3% glucosidase, −48.2% phosphatase, and −54.5% respiration rate). Microbial biomass C content was also affected by fire at T0 (−32.3%) but was close to its initial value at T5. The results suggest that these soils are particularly sensitive to fire. Adjusting the frequency and intensity of the burns is necessary to minimize their impact on the soil and to ensure the suitability of this management practice.