bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A corpus-based study on the functions of antonym co-occurrences in spoken Chinese
Authors: Hsu Chan-Chia 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Previous corpus-based research has demonstrated that antonyms co-occur frequently and serve essential functions in discourse. However, these studies are mostly based on written corpus data. Therefore, the present study investigates how antonyms are used in spoken Chinese. Antonyms co-occurring within five turns were manually identified in the National Chengchi University (NCCU) Corpus of Spoken Taiwan Mandarin (27 transcripts, approximately 11 hours) and categorized by their functions. It is found that antonyms that are dialogic in nature prevail in spoken Chinese, and the results reconfirm that antonyms are often used to signal a nearby contrast or to express inclusiveness/exhaustiveness. Compared with written Chinese, spoken Chinese shows a stronger preference for three functional categories, i.e. Interrogative Antonymy, Corrective Antonymy, and Negated Antonymy, which clearly reflect the spontaneous, interactive nature of conversation. The comparison between spoken and written Chinese also shows that antonyms in spoken Chinese co-occur in particular lexico-syntactic frames less often, and that the morphosyllabic structure of antonyms, a crucial factor that influences the functional distribution of antonyms in written Chinese, occupies a minor role in spoken Chinese. This study reveals how the use of antonyms varies across spoken and written Chinese, complementing previous corpus-based studies of antonymy that have drawn conclusions mostly from formal written texts.
Response of a High Damping Rubber Bearing to Multiaxial Excitation
Authors: Chen Michelle C. , Restrepo José I. , Benzoni Gianmario 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A high damping rubber bearing fabricated as part of a seismic isolation system was tested at the Caltrans Seismic Response Modification Device Test Facility at the University of California, San Diego. The purpose of the test program, which consisted of 33 tests, was to assess the impact of multiaxial excitation and input rate on the response of the bearing. The test protocol consisted of unique tests, including testing the bearing in all six degrees of freedom (uncoupled and coupled) and testing the bearing dynamically to failure. This article examines the hysteretic response and resulting performance parameters of the bearing to the different tests. The most notable impacts on the bearing’s hysteretic response were the axial loading and coupling the lateral degrees of freedom, while the rotational degrees of freedom had minimal impact on the bearing’s response. The bearing’s hysteretic response to coupling input in the rotational degrees of freedom with lateral and axial degrees of freedom was consistent with the expected performance from superimposing the response to input from individual degrees of freedom. The bearing failed at almost three times the design shear strain and at a shear force over five times the shear force at the design shear strain during the dynamic test to failure.
Sequencing of a Wild Apple (Malus baccata) Genome Unravels the Differences Between Cultivated and Wild Apple Species Regarding Disease Resistance and Cold Tolerance
Authors: Chen Xilong , Li Shiming , Zhang Dong , Han Mingyu , Jin Xin , Zhao Caipin , Wang Songbo , Xing Libo , Ma Juanjuan , Ji Jingjing , An Na 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Malus baccata is one of four wild apple species that can hybridize with the cultivated apple species (Malus domestica). It is widely used in high-latitude apple-producing areas as a rootstock and breeding resource because of its disease resistance, and cold tolerance. A lack of a reference genome has limited the application of M. baccata for apple breeding. We present a draft reference genome for M. baccata. The assembled sequence consisting of 665 Mb, with a scaffold N50 value of 452 kb, included transposable elements (413 Mb) and 46,114 high-quality protein-coding genes. According to a genetic map derived from 390 sibling lines, 72% of the assembly and 85% of the putative genes were anchored to 17 linkage groups. Many of the M. baccata genes under positive selection pressure were associated with plant–pathogen interaction pathways. We identified 2,345 Transcription factor-encoding genes in 58 families in the M. baccata genome. Genes related to disease defense and cold tolerance were also identified. A total of 462 putative nucleotide-binding site (NBS)-leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) genes, 177 Receptor-like kinase (RLK) and 51 receptor-like proteins (RLP) genes were identified in this genome assembly. The M. baccata genome contained 3978 cold-regulated genes, and 50% of these gene promoter containing DREB motif which can be induced by CBF gene. We herein present the first M. baccata genome assembly, which may be useful for exploring genetic variations in diverse apple germplasm, and for facilitating marker-assisted breeding of new apple cultivars exhibiting resistance to disease and cold stress.
Quantifying Microsatellite Mutation Rates from Intestinal Stem Cell Dynamics in Msh2-Deficient Murine Epithelium
Authors: Christopher Joseph , Thorsen Ann-Sofie , Abujudeh Sam , Lourenço Filipe C , Kemp Richard , Potter Paul K , Morrissey Edward , Hazelwood Lee , Winton Douglas J 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Microsatellite sequences have an enhanced susceptibility to mutation, and can act as sentinels indicating elevated mutation rates and increased risk of cancer. The probability of mutant fixation within the intestinal epithelium is dictated by a combination of stem cell dynamics and mutation rate. Here, we exploit this relationship to infer microsatellite mutation rates. First a sensitive, multiplexed, and quantitative method for detecting somatic changes in microsatellite length was developed that allowed the parallel detection of mutant [CA]n sequences from hundreds of low-input tissue samples at up to 14 loci. The method was applied to colonic crypts in Mus musculus, and enabled detection of mutant subclones down to 20% of the cellularity of the crypt (∼50 of 250 cells). By quantifying age-related increases in clone frequencies for multiple loci, microsatellite mutation rates in wild-type and Msh2-deficient epithelium were established. An average 388-fold increase in mutation per mitosis rate was observed in Msh2-deficient epithelium (2.4 × 10−2) compared to wild-type epithelium (6.2 × 10−5).
Heat transfer analysis of different thermal oils in parabolic trough solar collectors with longitudinal sinusoidal internal fin
Authors: KURŞUN Burak 
Published: May 2019

Parabolic
trough solar collectors (PTSC) plays an important role in the heating of
fluids and in the generation of electricity . In
this study, heat transfer and temperature distribution analysis was carried out
for the use of internal longitudinal fins with different geometries in a
parabolic trough solar collector.
Numerical analyzes were carried out for
different Reynolds (Re) numbers (2x104-8 x104) at
steady-state conditions and three different thermal oils were used as heat
transfer fluid (HTF). The use of the internal fin with sinusoidal lateral
surface for all types of thermal oil increased the heat transfer and made the
temperature distribution in the fluid more uniform. The
highest thermal enhancement factor was occurred for Syltherm 800 oil and
sinusoidal fin geometry. With the use of Syltherm 800 oil, the thermal
enhancement factor () increased by 40% and 44% respectively
according to the Therminol VP1 and D12 oil type for the case with sinusoidal
fin.
A New Class of s-type X(u,v;l_p(E)) Operators
Authors: ZENGİN ALP Pınar , İLKHAN Merve 
Published: May 2019

In this
study, we introduce the class of s-type X(u,v;l_p(E)) operators, L_(u,v;E). Also we show that this class is a quasi-Banach operator ideal and we study on
the properties of the classes which are produced via different types of
s-numbers.
Comparison of Diatoms Which Were Obtained from The External Surface of The Body and Internal Organs in the Corpses Pulled Out of Water Using Colloidal Silica Gradient Centrifuge Method
Authors: Erkan Çiler Fulya , Çetin Gürsel 
Published: May 2019

Objective: Diatom analysis is a valuable tool in forensic science and it is useful in diagnosis of drowning and determination of the drowning site. The basic principal of the “diatom test” in investigation of drowning is based on correlation between diatoms are present in the medium where the possible drowning took place and inhalation of water causes penetration of diatoms into the alveolar system and blood stream and consequently their deposition into brain, kidneys and other organs, like the bone marrow of large bones. There are various extraction methods that are used to isolate diatoms from water and tissues. Nitric acid digestion is a worlwide known method for the extraction of diatoms. In this study, instead of acid digestion method, colloidal silica gradient centrifuge method was used to extraction diatom and the advantages of this technique has been aimed to be discussed.
Materials and Methods: Therefore, 30 visceral and body fluid samples that have been obtained from corpses which were removed from the water and brought to the Council of Forencic Medicine to perform autopsy, were examined and diatom were obtained from samples of 19 cases. Moreover, the diatoms that were obtained from the swab samples taken from the outer body surfaces and the diatoms obtained from the visceral organs were compared.
Results: When the diatoms which were obtained from internal organs tissues and body fluids were evaluated numerically, it was seen that the diatoms that were obtained lungs were in high numbers and it was followed by pleural liquid...
Asıdan Kurtulan Olguların Adli Tıbbi Değerlendirilmesi: Olgu serisi
Authors: Balcı Yasemin , Göçeoğlu Ümit Ünüvar , İnanç Leman , Kadı Gülsüm 
Published: May 2019

Objective: The aim was to discuss the sociodemographic characteristics of the near hanging cases, the complications of hanging, the criteria of life hazard.
Materials and Methods: We present 9 cases who survive after suicide attempt by hanging from the Forensic Medicine Outpatient Clinic.
Results: 3 were female, 6 were male. The mean age was 40.1 years. One case in 2015, 4 cases in 2016and 2017. The crime scene was prison in 3 cases, one was in a forest, the others were in the house. Hanging attempts were rope, bed sheet, tracksuit rope in the prison, clothes in the forest, rope in other cases.
In 6 cases, the abrasion detected in the neck. The reasons of attempt isn't clear in one of the cases in prison, the cell punishment in one, the other is being alone in the ward, 5 of family reasons.
Four hadn't loss of consciousness. Five reported partial or complete loss of consciousness. It was concluded that none of the cases in the first hospital admittance, vitality and Glasgow Coma Scale were life-threatening, 8 of them were able to be corrected by simple medical intervention and in 1 patient by simple medical intervention.
Discussion and Conclusion: Suicide is a public health problem that concerns both the patient and his / her close environment and society. In this study, sociodemographic data of 9 patients who had attempted suicide with a hangover and survived the study examined the clinical conditions and complications, and the vital hazard criteria for forensic report.
Ceza Soruşturması ve Yaptırımlarının Caydırıcılık Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Hamzaoğlu Nurcan , Türk Burcu , Sanal Yasemin 
Published: May 2019

The present study aimed to evaluate the perceptions and attitudes of the participants regarding the deterrence of penalties, investigation and prosecution processes.The study was carried out with a total of 912 people with an age range of 18-64 years (mean age 33,0 ± 9,3) via online application of the survey created by the researchers.
As a result, the type of crime, which is considered by the participants as having the most probability of being seized, is the commitment of murder (63,8%). The ratio of the participants who stated that the inefficiency in making an investigation is influential in not detecting crime is 69%. While 25,1% of the participants think that criminal punishments are efficient for deterrence; 67,4% of the participants believe that abatement due to effective repentance decreases the effectiveness of deterrence. 70,8% of the participants, on the other hands, think that good conduct time decreases the effectiveness of deterrence in committing a crime. While 13,4% of the participants say that "they would commit a crime if they knew they wouldn't get caught", 55,9% of the participants who believe that the possibility of being seized because of committing a crime is high.
In accordance with the data obtained from the study; it is thought that the perceptions about the offender “cannot escape the punishment to be given in any way”, “will be punished in a short time” and “the penalties are commensurate with the crime” should ve improved in order to reduce the crime rate or to prevent the crimes.
Effects of Beauveria bassiana on Quantity of F1 Larvae and Larval Mortality of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Authors: ER Mehmet Kubilay , ÇETİNPOLAT Ebru , BARIŞ Cebrail , IŞIKBER Ali Arda , TUNAZ Hasan 
Published: May 2019

In this study, larval
mortality of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera:
Tenebrionidae) due to Beauveria bassiana
infections and the number of larvae produced in the presence of B. bassiana spores were investigated.
Larvae were kept in wheat treated with spores and mortalities were assessed. In
a long-term experiment, number of larvae and mortality was recorded after 3
months. Within 7 days, larval mortality was 55% at 250ppm and over 75% at
higher concentrations. The mortality reached 100% on day 14 in all fungus
treatments. After the adults were kept for 14 and 28 days, 6.3 and 12.0 larvae
in treatments and 1 and 6.3 larvae in control units were counted, respectively.
In the long-term experiment, number of larvae was 10.3, 42.0 and 260.3 in the
control, 500ppm and 1000ppm treatments, respectively. Larval mortalities were
%97.4 in 500ppm and 100% in 1000ppm treatments.
The results show that although B.
bassiana treatment increases the number of T. confusum larvae as the concentration increases, B. bassiana treatment also cause high
levels of larval mortalities depending on concentration and time, suggesting
that, B. basssiana treatment can have
a role in controlling T. confusum
populations.
Pestisitlerin ve Odun Sirkesinin Bazı Mikrobiyal ve Fiziko-kimyasal Toprak Parametrelerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması
Authors: KOÇ İbrahim , YARDIM Erdal Necip 
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışma, buğday agro-ekosisteminde kullanılan pestisitler ve odun
sirkesinin toprakta bulunan fungal ile bakteriyel mikroorganizmalar ve toprak
pH ile EC değerlerine etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma,
2014-2015 ve 2015-2016’da tarla denemesi şeklinde tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde dört tekerrürlü
olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede kullanılan odun sirkesi ve pestisitler sırt pülverizatörü
yardımıyla 1) pestisit
muamelesi, 2) pestisit muamelesine karşılık gelen %0.5, %1, %2, %3, %4 ile %5 ml odun sirkesi
muameleleri ve 3) sadece şebeke suyu verilen kontrol muameleleri şeklinde
yapılmıştır. Deneme alanı toprak örneklerinden Aspergillus
niger, Penicillium digitatum ve Penicillium italicum mikrofungus türleri izole edilmiştir. Pestisit
ve odun sirkesi muamelelerinin,
araştırılan parametrelere etkisini belirlemek
amacıyla tekrarlanan
ölçümlü varyans analizi
yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, muamelelerin belirlenen özellikleri
istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeylerde etkilemediği (P&gt;0.612), buna karşın
muamele öncesi ve sonrası arasındaki farkların önemli olduğu görülmüştür
(P=0.000). Sonuç olarak, kullanılan pestisit ve odun sirkesinin belirlenen
parametreler üzerinde olumsuz bir etki göstermediği sonucuna varılabilir.
Ekmeklik Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Çeşitlerinde Bazı Tarımsal Özellikler Bakımından Korelasyon ve Path Analizi
Authors: GÜNGÖR Hüseyin , DUMLUPINAR Ziya 
Published: May 2019

Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de tescil
edilmiş bazı ekmeklik buğday çeşitlerinde tane verimi ile verim unsurları ve
bazı kalite özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiler korelasyon ve path analizi
kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma, 18 adet ticari ekmeklik buğday çeşidi kullanılarak, 2016-17 ve
2017-18 ürün yıllarında tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü
olarak Bolu ekolojik koşullarında yürütülmüştür. İki
yıllık verilere göre; tane verimi ile bitki boyu
(0.755**) arasında olumlu ve önemli, başaklanma süresi (0.118), başak uzunluğu
(0.141), başakta başakçık sayısı (0.210), başakta tane sayısı (0.223), 1000
tane ağırlığı (0.015) ve gluten oranı (0.274) arasında ise olumlu ilişkiler
bulunmuştur. Path analizi sonuçlarına göre; tane verimi üzerine bitki boyu (p=
0.8984, % 76.73), başaklanma süresi (p= 0.3935, % 21.53), başakta tane sayısı
(p= 0.6048, % 29.33), hektolitre ağırlığı (p= 0.9446, % 41.06) ve gluten oranı
(p= 0.4310, % 28.86) doğrudan ve yüksek derecede olumlu, başakta başakçık
sayısı (p= -0.8489, % 38.04) ve protein oranının (p= -0.9257, %39.04) ise
yüksek, ancak olumsuz bir etki yaptığı saptanmıştır. Bolu koşullarında
yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında, tane verimi ile olumlu ilişkisi olan
özelliklerin seleksiyon kriteri olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.
Analisis Pengeluaran Sektor Pariwisata terhadap Ketimpangan Upah Tenaga Kerja di Indonesia
Authors: Prasetya Lalu Muhammad Azmi , Pudjihardjo M. , Badriyah Nurul 
Published: May 2019

This study analyses the effect of foreign tourist expenditure, government expenditure and foreign investment on wage inequality between skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour in the Indonesian tourism sector. The study uses time series data with a period of 22 years. The method used is Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of this study indicate that foreign tourist expenditure and government expenditure increase inequality in the short term, but in the long run can reduce wage inequality. Meanwhile, foreign investment increases inequality both in the short and long term. ================================ Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh pengeluaran wisatawan mancanegara, pengeluaran pemerintah dan investasi asing terhadap ketimpangan upah antara tenaga kerja terampil, semi terampil, dan tidak terampil di sektor pariwisata Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan data time series dengan periode waktu 22 tahun. Metode yang digunakan adalah Error Correction Model (ECM). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran wisatawan dan pemerintah meningkatkan ketimpangan dalam jangka pendek, namun dalam jangka panjang mampu menurunkan ketimpangan upah. Investasi asing meningkatkan ketimpangan, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang.
HLA-B*5701 Allele Prevalence in Treatment-Naïve HIV-Infected Patients from Colombia
Authors: Martínez-Buitrago Ernesto , Oñate José Millán , García-Goez José Fernando , Álvarez Jorge , Lenis William , Sañudo Luz Marina , Rubiano Luisa Consuelo 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Introduction

HLA-B*5701 allele is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir. Due to the lack of knowledge of HLA-B*5701 prevalence in Colombia, routine screening is not performed and is not recommended by the national guidelines. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HLA-B*5701 in HIV population from Colombia.

Materials and Methods

This cross-sectional study included naïve HIV-infected adults from 13 cities of the country. The presence of HLA-B*5701 was determined by using SSP-PCR in blood samples. Prevalence rates were stratified by sex, race, and region of origin.

Results

HLA-B*5701 allele prevalence in Colombian HIV-infected individuals was 2.7%. When stratifying for the race, the prevalence was 4% for whites, 2.6% for other race (mainly mestizo), and 1.9% for Afro-Colombians. The prevalence varied from 0% up to 11.4% depending on the department of origin. The highest prevalence rates were found in Caldas (11.4%), Antioquia (5%), Risaralda (4.8%), and Valle del Cauca (4.3%). When distributed by country zones, the central, with a racial predominance of Caucasians and mestizos, was the highest (6.0%).

Discussion

The overall prevalence of HLA-B*5701 in Colombia was lower than the reported rates for other Latin American countries such as Brazil, Costa Rica, and Argentina, but higher in comparison to Chile and Mexico. The diversity in the racial and ethnic heritage shown in our data supports the recommendation to implement routine screening for the HLA-B*5701 allele before initiation of abacavir-containing antiretroviral therapy in the Colombian HIV management guidelines.
Open Peer Reviews and Blind Peer Reviews: Merits and Demerits
Authors: Afzal Saira 
Published: May 2019

The peer review process is essentially the quality control mechanism. Scientific discoveries and advancements have far reaching implications especially in health and medical publications. The quality assurance mechanism in medical journals has to be stringent and flawless. The peer review systems are continuously being criticized, debated and updated. It may be open peer review or blind peer review, both have advantages and disadvantages. Open peer review is performed for scientific quality after publication. It is also known as transparent peer review and public peer review.
Maternal Mortality in Eclampsia after Cesarean Section versus Vaginal Delivery
Authors: Saeed Ghazala , Wajid Rabia , Dar Ayesha Yousaf 
Published: May 2019

Preeclampsia with generalized tonic-clonic convulsions is termed as eclampsia. Eclampsia isassociated with multiple maternal and fetal complications. Eclampsiais an obstetric emergency and quick decision making is required to save lives. The objective of the study was to compare the maternal mortalityafter cesarean section versus vaginal delivery among eclampsiapatients. It is a descriptive case series conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lady Willingdon Hospital, from December 2014 to June 2015. In our study, 62.86 % (n=88) patients were between18-25 years of age and 37.14 % (n=52) werebetween 26-35 years of age. The mean+SD was calculated as 25.12+4.53 years. Frequency ofvaginal delivery in patients with eclampsia was 30.71 % (n=43) while69.29 % (n=97) were delivered through cesarean section. Comparisonof maternal mortality in two groups was recorded, where out of 43 spontaneous vaginal deliveries mortality was recorded in 6.98 % (n=3). Out of 97 cesarean deliveries, mortality was recorded in 17.53% (n=17). We concluded that mortality rates are higher in patients undergoing cesarean section.