bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dimethyl Sulfoxide Oxygen Donor‐Based Annulation of Ketones and Ammonium Persulfate: Regioselective Synthesis of 2,4‐disubstituted Oxazoles
Authors: Cao Zhongzhong , Lv Huifang , Liu Yufeng , Nie Zhiwen , Liu Haiping , Yang Tonglin , Luo Weiping , Liu Qiang , Guo Cancheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the synthesis of substituted oxazoles via an annulation of ketones, DMSO, and ammonium is reported. DMSO is first found to serve as oxygen donor in annulation resulting in regioselective synthesis of 2,4‐disubstituted oxazoles. With the optimized conditions in hand, 22 examples of 2,4‐disubstituted oxazoles are obtained from readily available substrates. The protocol can be also applied in cross‐condensation reactions between methyl ketones and non‐methyl ketones resulting 4 examples of 2,4,5‐trisubstituted oxazoles. Moreover, we have successfully applied the protocol into gram‐scale representing good yields, that showing the potential practicality in organic synthesis. Based on control experiments and literature, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed in our work.magnified image
Quantification of Pseudocapacitive Contribution in Nanocage‐Shaped Silicon–Carbon Composite Anode
Authors: Son Yeonguk , Ma Jiyoung , Kim Namhyung , Lee Taeyong , Lee Yoonkwang , Sung Jaekyung , Choi Seong‐Hyeon , Nam Gyutae , Cho Hyeyoung , Yoo Youngshin , Cho Jaephil 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPseudocapacitive materials have been highlighted as promising electrode materials to overcome slow diffusion‐limited redox mechanism in active materials, which impedes fast charging/discharging in energy storage devices. However, previously reported pseudocapacitive properties have been rarely used in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and evaluation methods have been limited to those focused on thin‐film‐type electrodes. Hence, a nanocage‐shaped silicon–carbon composite anode is proposed with excellent pseudocapacitive qualities for LIB applications. This composite anode exhibits a superior rate capability compared to other Si‐based anodes, including commercial silicon nanoparticles, because of the higher pseudocapacitive contribution coming from ultrathin Si layer. Furthermore, unprecedent 3D pore design in cage shape, which prevents the particle scale expansion even after full lithiation demonstrates the high cycling stability. This concept can potentially be used to realize high‐power and high‐energy LIB anode materials.
Settled/unsettled blend nanofibers electrospun from photoactive polymeric/nonpolymeric constituents in PBDT‐DTNT:PCBM solar cells
Authors: Agbolaghi Samira 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTTo increase internal donor–acceptor interfaces and highlight the influence of ordering of donor–acceptor components inside fibers, novel blend fibrous structures comprising unsettled poly[benzodithiophene‐bis(decyltetradecyl‐thien) naphthothiadiazole] (PBDT‐DTNT):grafted‐reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanofibers, settled PBDT‐DTNT/grafted‐rGO nanofibers including PBDT‐DTNT, and settled PBDT‐DTNT/grafted‐rGO nanofibers excluding PBDT‐DTNT were prepared and embedded in photovoltaics. Hence, three‐dimensional nonwoven network morphologies of triple electrospun fibers were acquired using electrospinning. Average diameter and conductivity of PBDT‐DTNT:grafted‐rGO, PBDT‐DTNT/grafted‐rGO:PBDT‐DTNT, and PBDT‐DTNT/grafted‐rGO fibers ranged in 200–250 and 1.1–1.6 × 10−9 S cm−1, 150–190 and 9.2–9.5 × 10−7 S cm−1, and 60–80 nm and 3.3–3.7 × 10−10 S cm−1, respectively. Photoluminescence quenching and thus donating–accepting characteristic of settled PBDT‐DTNT/grafted‐rGO nanofibers including PBDT‐DTNT were more intensified, resulting from greater internal interfaces. Through blending PBDT‐DTNT/grafted‐rGO supramolecules with PBDT‐DTNT chains and embedding them in PBDT‐DTNT:phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) thin films, the best results were obtained. Short‐circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCE) were 12.18 mA cm−2, 0.66 V, 65%, and 5.22%, respectively. Nanofiber template not only acted as guide path for charge transport but also increased interfacial area between donor and acceptor to induce more exciton dissociation. Inclusion of PBDT‐DTNT donor chains into blend nanofibers increased donor–acceptor interface in organic filaments. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47591.
The survival of hatchery‐origin pinto abalone Haliotis kamtschatkana released into Washington waters
Authors: Carson Henry S. , Morin Dana J. , Bouma Joshua V. , Ulrich Michael , Sizemore Robert 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Wild populations of pinto abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) in Washington State have declined by 97% since 1992, despite a fishery closure since 1994. No recruitment has been detected recently, indicating probable reproductive failure due to low densities. A pilot programme placed a total of over 11,000 hatchery‐origin juveniles, age 18–22 months, at 10 sites in the San Juan Islands.
Observed (naive) year 1 survival averaged 10.2% (0–23% range) and was most influenced by site compared with lineage or size‐at‐outplant. Families survived in the approximate proportions that they were outplanted, and there was little support for an effect of size‐at‐outplant on survival.
Detection was low due to the small chance of sighting individuals on complex substrate. When derived from repeated sampling, an upper bound on naive detection rate averaged 0.38 and increased with size. When derived from a closed capture–recapture model, average detection was estimated at 0.19.
Growth was highly variable and confounded with detection, but an average 3.4% of detected outplants across all sites (0–7.5% range) had reached reproductive size in 2017.
A state‐space model of exponential population growth was modified to account for imperfect detection and yielded an estimated density of abalone for each survey. Seven out of eight sites included in the model remained above a target abalone density of 0.3 m−2 throughout the project.
The majority of tagged abalone made little net movement over weekly and annual timescales, although some emigration likely reduced survival estimates.
The restoration programme is transitioning from a pilot phase to a production phase, including optimization of hatchery and outplant processes. Existing well‐performing sites will receive additional cohorts every 4–5 years to maintain aggregation densities. New sites will replace poorly performing ones, although this is hampered by a poor understanding of the mechanisms behind site performance.
Successful mechanical eradication of spotted bass (Micropterus punctulatus (Rafinesque, 1819)) from a South African river
Authors: van der Walt Johannes A. , Marr Sean M. , Wheeler Marius J. , Impson N. Dean , Garrow Craig , Weyl Olaf L.F. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Following the discovery in 2007 of non‐native spotted bass (Micropterus punctulatus (Rafinesque, 1819)) in the Thee River, Olifants‐Doring River system, Western Cape Province, South Africa, a mechanical removal project was initiated in 2010 to eradicate them to protect the unique native fish assemblage in the river.
A temporary gabion barrier was constructed to halt spotted bass invasion into upstream reaches and a variety of mechanical removal techniques were used throughout the project.
Three hundred and ninety‐nine spotted bass were removed from the river during the project. Three hundred (75%) of these were captured by chasing them into gill nets or by catching them with hand nets. The remainder were removed using spearguns, seine nets and by back‐pack electrofishing.
Spotted bass had been depleted to below detection levels downstream of the temporary barrier in the second year of the project in 2013. A subsequent survey of the river in 2014 revealed a bass population in a reach above the temporary barrier that had previously been considered uninvaded. This population of spotted bass was removed in 2014. Subsequent annual surveys of the Thee River in 2015, 2016 and 2017 have not detected spotted bass and the population is considered to have been extirpated.
Three years after the extirpation of spotted bass from below the temporary barrier, native fiery redfin (Pseudobarbus phlegethon (Barnard, 1938)) and Cape galaxias (Galaxias zebratus Castelnau, 1861) were observed in pools where they had been absent during the bass invasion.
Comparative Fracture Risks Among United States Medicaid Enrollees With and Those Without Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Tedeschi Sara K. , Kim Seoyoung C. , Guan Hongshu , Grossman Jennifer M. , Costenbader Karen H. 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivePoor bone health is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. This study was undertaken to evaluate fracture risks among low‐income SLE and lupus nephritis patients compared to those without SLE.MethodsWe performed a cohort study among SLE patients for whom there were Medicaid claims in 2007–2010, and age‐ and sex‐matched non‐SLE comparators. SLE was defined by the presence of ≥3 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for SLE. Patients with lupus nephritis additionally had ≥2 codes for renal disease. The primary outcome measure was fracture of the pelvis, wrist, hip, or humerus. Demographics, prescriptions, and comorbidities were assessed during the 180‐day baseline period. We calculated fracture incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) in SLE, lupus nephritis, and non‐SLE comparator cohorts, and estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for fractures. Sensitivity analyses evaluated the impact of glucocorticoids and comorbidities. We compared subsets of SLE patients with and those without lupus nephritis.ResultsAmong 47,709 SLE patients (19.8% with lupus nephritis) matched to 190,836 non‐SLE comparators, the mean age was 41.4 years and 92.6% were female. The fracture incidence rate was highest among SLE patients with lupus nephritis (4.60 per 1,000 person‐years). SLE patients had 2‐fold higher fracture risks than matched comparators (HR 2.09 [95% CI 1.85–2.37]; P < 0.01). Lupus nephritis patients had the greatest fracture risks versus matched comparators (HR 3.06 [95% CI 2.24–4.17]; P < 0.01), and had a 1.6 times higher fracture risk than SLE patients without nephritis (HR 1.58 [95% CI 1.20–2.07]; P < 0.01). Adjustment for glucocorticoid use and comorbidities slightly attenuated risks.ConclusionFracture risks were increased in SLE patients, particularly those with lupus nephritis, compared to matched non‐SLE Medicaid recipients. Increased risks persisted after adjustment for baseline glucocorticoid treatment and comorbidities.
A risk‐sensitive stochastic maximum principle for fully coupled forward‐backward stochastic differential equations with applications
Authors: Khallout Rania , Chala Adel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we are interested in the problem of optimal control where the system is given by a fully coupled forward‐backward stochastic differential equation with a risk‐sensitive performance functional. As a preliminary step, we use the risk neutral which is an extension of the initial control system where the admissible controls are convex, and an optimal solution exists.Then, we study the necessary as well as sufficient optimality conditions for risk sensitive performance. At the end of this work, we illustrate our main result by giving an example that deals with an optimal portfolio choice problem in financial market, specifically the model of control cash flow of a firm or project where, for instance, we can set the model of pricing and managing an insurance contract.
Long noncoding RNAs predict the survival of patients with colorectal cancer as revealed by constructing an endogenous RNA network using bioinformation analysis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Wang Zhuo , Wu Jianzhong , Ma Rong , Feng Jifeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in various cancers types and can function as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), which promote and maintain tumor initiation and progression. In this study, we explored the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of lncRNAs as ceRNAs in colorectal cancer and their clinical potential as biomarkers. The RNA sequencing profiles of patients with colorectal cancer were downloaded from TCGA database, and 62 lncRNAs, 30miRNAs, and 59 mRNAs were identified to comprise the ceRNA network (fold change > 2, P < 0.01). Functional enrichment analysis suggested that the target genes of the ceRNA network may be involved in the pathways related to cancer, including the signaling pathway that regulates the pluripotency of stem cells, wnt signaling pathway, hippo signaling pathway, basal cell carcinoma, and colorectal cancer. Univariate and multivariate Cox's proportional hazard regression model revealed that five (H19, MIR31HG, HOTAIR, WT1‐AS, and LINC00488) out of 62 lncRNAs were closely related to the overall survival (OS) (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the five‐lncRNA model could be an independent prognostic model in colorectal cancer. We computed for the risk function and constructed a risk score based on the five lncRNAs. Results showed that patients with high‐risk scores have poor survival rates. Additionally, combing the risk score and other clinicopathological features, we can better predict the patient's survival probabilities. Furthermore, we validate our model in the GSE38832 dataset. Collectively, our study has provided a deeper understanding of the lncRNA‐related ceRNA regulatory mechanism in CRC and identified five‐lncRNA model, which could be considered as candidate prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
An SPH model to simulate the dynamic behavior of shear thickening fluids
Authors: Ozgen Oktar , Kallmann Marcelo , Brown Eric 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWhile significant research has been dedicated to the simulation of fluids, not much attention has been given to exploring new interesting behavior that can be generated with different types of non‐Newtonian fluids with nonconstant viscosity. Going in this direction, this paper introduces a computational model for simulating the most interesting phenomena observed in non‐Newtonian shear thickening fluids, which are fluids where viscosity increases with increased stress. These fluids have unique and unconventional behavior, and they often appear in real‐world scenarios such as when sinking in quicksand or when experimenting with popular cornstarch and water mixtures. The fluid exhibits unique phase changes between solid and liquid states, great impact resistance in its solid state, and strong hysteresis effects. Our proposed approach builds on existing non‐Newtonian smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) fluid models in computer graphics and introduces an efficient history‐based stiffness term that is essential to produce the most interesting types of shear thickening phenomena. The history‐based stiffness is formulated through the use of fractional derivatives, leveraging the fractional calculus ability to depict both the viscoelastic behavior and the history effects of history‐dependent systems. Simulations produced by our method are compared against real experiments, and the results demonstrate that the proposed model successfully captures key phenomena specific to discontinuous shear thickening fluids.
A generic framework for editing and synthesizing multimodal data with relative emotion strength
Authors: Chan Jacky C. P. , Shum Hubert P. H. , Wang He , Yi Li , Wei Wei , Ho Edmond S. L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEmotion is considered to be a core element in performances. In computer animation, both body motions and facial expressions are two popular mediums for a character to express the emotion. However, there has been limited research in studying how to effectively synthesize these two types of character movements using different levels of emotion strength with intuitive control, which is difficult to be modeled effectively. In this work, we explore a common model that can be used to represent the emotion for the applications of body motions and facial expressions synthesis. Unlike previous work that encode emotions into discrete motion style descriptors, we propose a continuous control indicator called emotion strength by controlling which a data‐driven approach is presented to synthesize motions with fine control over emotions. Rather than interpolating motion features to synthesize new motion as in existing work, our method explicitly learns a model mapping low‐level motion features to the emotion strength. Because the motion synthesis model is learned in the training stage, the computation time required for synthesizing motions at run time is very low. We further demonstrate the generality of our proposed framework by editing 2D face images using relative emotion strength. As a result, our method can be applied to interactive applications such as computer games, image editing tools, and virtual reality applications, as well as offline applications such as animation and movie production.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on long‐term clinical outcomes of everolimus‐eluting stent implantation: A subanalysis of the Tokyo‐MD PCI registry
Authors: Miyazaki Toru , Ashikaga Takashi , Asano Mitsutoshi , Sasaoka Taro , Kurihara Ken , Yoshikawa Shunji , Isobe Mitsuaki ,   for the Tokyo‐MD PCI Study Investigators
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the 5‐year clinical outcomes of everolimus‐eluting stent (EES) implantation.BackgroundRecent studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of EES. However, limited information exists on the long‐term clinical outcomes associated with CKD.MethodsThe Tokyo‐MD PCI study is a multi‐center observational study designed to describe the clinical outcomes of unselected patients after EES implantation. In this subanalysis, patients on maintenance hemodialysis were excluded, and patients with (n = 316) or without (n = 1,424) CKD were evaluated for their 5‐year incidence rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as death, non‐fatal myocardial infarction, ischemia driven target lesion revascularization (ID‐TLR), and stent thrombosis (ST).ResultsThe mean and median follow‐up duration were 1,391 ± 557 days and 1,769 days (interquartile range, 1,012–1,800 days), respectively. Although the incidence of ID‐TLR and ST was similar between patients with and without CKD (4.9% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.26, 0.5% vs. 1.0%, P = 0.20, respectively), cardiac death and MACE were significantly higher in patients with CKD than in those without CKD (6.5% vs. 2.9%, P = 0.007, 26.9% vs. 14.0%, P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate analysis, CKD was an independent predictor of MACE (hazard ratio 1.22 [95% confidence interval 1.04–1.43], P = 0.01).ConclusionsPatients with CKD had similar ID‐TLR and ST rates as those without CKD at 5 years after EES implantation. The risk of long‐term MACEs appeared to be associated with CKD.
Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective Acetylation of sp2 C−H Bond Starting from Paraformaldehyde
Authors: Wan Ting , Du Sidong , Pi Chao , Wang Yong , Li Rongbin , Wu Yangjie , Cui Xiuling 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRh(III)‐catalyzed acetylation of sp2 C−H bonds has been realized using paraformaldehyde as an acetylating reagent. This procedure features simultaneous formation of two C−C bonds, external oxidants free, and water as the sole byproducts, thus offering an environmentally benign acetylation of arenes. A range of functional groups tolerance were observed.
Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation by Mononuclear Cu(II) Aliphatic Tetraamine Complexes
Authors: Dong Huan , Du Jialei , Kong Jianfei , He Xiaoming , Chen Zuofeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report here electrocatalytic water oxidation by a series of mononuclear Cu(II) aliphatic tetraamine complexes at various pH. In phosphate buffer solution of pH 12, the Cu(II)‐Tren (Tren is tris‐(2‐aminoethyl)amine) complex is decomposed to generate a Cu oxide/hydroxide film with phosphate incorporated on the electrode surface which can catalyze water oxidation with a small onset overpotential of 420 mV and a low Tafel slope of 48 mV dec−1. By contrast, the other two Cu(II) complexes, Cu(II)‐Me3(Tren) (Me3(Tren) is (tris‐(2‐(methylamino)ethyl)amine)) and Cu(II)‐Me6(Tren) (Me6(Tren) is tris‐(3‐methyl‐3‐azabuty)amine), having the ligands that sharing the same molecular skeleton of Tren but with methyl group substituents, are noneffective to form the surface‐bound active species. The experimental results indicate that the Cu(II)‐Tren complex decomposes by intra‐complex proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) from the amine ligand to the higher‐oxidation‐state Cu with significant pH/buffer base effects. At pH 9, water oxidation with Cu(II)‐Tren transforms from heterogeneous to homogeneous featuring a single‐site catalysis mechanism. Moreover, the comparison of the three Cu(II) complexes at this pH also suggests a steric effect of methyl groups on the catalysis performance. As pH decreases further to 7, Tren, with pKb ∼5.9, becomes less coordinating and precipitation of a Cu3(PO4)2 film during electrolysis leads to electrode passivation, which inhibits the homogeneous water oxidation at this pH.
The Phenol‐Phenothiazine Coupling: an Oxidative Click Concept
Authors: Patureau Frederic W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe phenol‐phenothiazine coupling reaction is attracting increasing attention, in part due to its enabling character of innovative radical, photochemical, and electrochemical concepts. Indeed, this C−N bond forming cross dehydrogenative coupling accommodates almost any oxidizing strategy, often with mild reaction conditions. This concept paper analyses the particularity of this simple, cheap, and reliable coupling reaction, and discusses some of its probable future applications.
Groundwater Treatment using a Solid Polymer Electrolyte Cell with Mesh Electrodes
Authors: Oriol Roger , Clematis Davide , Brillas Enric , Cortina José L. , Panizza Marco , Sirés Ignasi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article reports the high performance of a solid polymer electrolyte cell, equipped with a Nafion® N117 membrane packed between a Nb/boron‐doped diamond (Nb/BDD) mesh anode and a Ti/RuO2 mesh cathode, to degrade the insecticide imidacloprid spiked at 1.2–59.2 mg L−1 into low conductivity groundwater by electrochemical oxidation. The natural water matrix was first softened using valorized industrial waste in the form of zeolite as reactive sorbent. Total removal of the insecticide, always obeying pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, and maximum mineralization degrees of 70 %–87 % were achieved, with energy consumption of 26.4±1.6 kWh m−3. Active chlorine in the bulk and .OH at the BDD surface were the main oxidants. Comparative studies using simulated water with analogous anions content revealed that the natural organic matter interfered in the groundwater treatment. Trials carried out in ultrapure water showed the primary conversion of the initial N and Cl atoms of imidacloprid to NO3− and Cl− ions, being the latter anion eventually transformed into ClO3− and ClO4− ions. 6‐Chloro‐nicotinonitrile, 6‐chloro‐pyridine‐3‐carbaldehyde, and tartaric acid were identified as oxidation products.