bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic potential of d‐limonene in rheumatoid arthritis: Modulation of inflammatory, anti‐inflammatory cytokines, and prostaglandin E2
Authors: Dar Eshwa , Mobashar Aisha , Shabbir Arham , Sharif Ali , Saleem Ammara , Mushtaq Muhammad Naveed , Bin Jardan Yousef A. , Shazly Gamal A. , Metouekel Amira , Bourhia Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune disorder predominantly affecting the joint structures, eliciting inflammatory responses, and ultimately leading to degenerative changes without proper medical intervention. Ultimately, this can severely impair joint function and impact the patient's quality of life. Current treatment approaches include disease‐modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug, corticosteroids, and biologic therapies for RA management. The current study contributes to the ongoing advancements in RA treatment. d‐Limonene is a monocyclic monoterpene. It is present in essential oils of various aromatic plants, such as Lippia alba and Artemisia dracunculus, and in citrus fruits such as lemon and orange. It has reported anti‐inflammatory and anti‐nociceptive properties and was selected for the current study as a potential anti‐arthritic candidate. It was administered at three dosages (25, 50, 100 mg/kg, b.w., p.o) in Complete Freund's adjuvant‐induced arthritic rats over 28 days. The efficacy of the compound was compared to piroxicam, a widely used standard drug for treating RA. The anti‐arthritic activity of the compound was assessed by measuring arthritic scoring and plethysmometry at both baseline and post‐intervention stages. Additional confirmation of the investigation was sought by performing biochemical and hematological activities. Moreover, quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to determine the levels of messenger RNA expression for transcription factors such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, nuclear factor‐κB, matrix metalloproteinase‐3, IL‐6, and IL‐4 in the blood. The levels of PGE2 were evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The histopathological and radiographic studies were also carried out for further confirmation. The results of these findings supported our assertion regarding the anti‐arthritic potential of the compound.
Going back to anatomy roots: Exploring the integration of anatomy sessions during clinical clerkships
Authors: Walker Ashley N. , Collins Bradley R. , Topping Daniel , Pierre Kevin , Raviprasad Abheek G. , Nonabur Venkatesh , King David , Rarey Kyle E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe topic of vertical integration of the basic and clinical sciences is an area of great concern and active investigation in medical education. To explore the feasibility of integrating basic sciences into the clinical phase of medical education, gross anatomy was selected as an appropriate discipline. Anatomy faculty, clerkship directors, medical students, and graduate students developed case‐based anatomy modules with a design consistent with the principles of self‐directed learning. This pilot study aimed to explore medical student responses to the integration of anatomy sessions during clinical clerkships. One‐hour anatomy sessions were conducted during rotations of the following clerkships: internal medicine, pediatrics, family medicine, neurology, obstetrics and gynecology, and general surgery during the academic year 2022–2023. Each session consisted of four case‐based stations. Voluntary, anonymous surveys were distributed at the end of each session. Descriptive statistics of survey responses from the 490 participants revealed the overall ratings of the anatomy sessions to be above an 8.50 on a scale of 1.00 (low) to 9.00 (high). A small q thematic analysis of the open‐ended survey questions revealed the following themes: relevance of clinical correlations presented, a timely review of anatomical content, appreciation for the collaborative setting and interactivity among the participants, and constructive feedback regarding areas needing improvement. Students reported a high overall rating of the anatomy sessions and shared positive comments about these vertically integrated anatomy experiences. With a reduction in the amount of anatomy instruction during the pre‐clinical years and limited exposure during the clinical years, anatomy sessions like the ones proposed could allow for the fluid incorporation of gross anatomy across all 4 years of medical school.
Gaze and hand behaviors during haptic abilities testing—An update to multimedia learning theory
Authors: Sveistrup Michelle A. , Langlois Jean , Wilson Timothy D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (CTML) suggests humans learn through visual and auditory sensory channels. Haptics represent a third channel within CTML and a missing component for experiential learning. The objective was to measure visual and haptic behaviors during spatial tasks. The haptic abilities test (HAT) quantifies results in several realms, accuracy, time, and strategy. The HAT was completed under three sensory conditions using sight (S), haptics (H), and sight with haptics (SH). Subjects (n = 22, 13 females (F), 20–28 years) completed the MRT (10.6 ± 5.0, mean ± SD) and were classified as high or low spatial abilities scores with respect to mean MRT: high spatial abilities (HSA) (n = 12, 6F, MRT = 13.7 ± 3.0), and low spatial ability (LSA) groups (n = 10, 7F, MRT = 5.6 ± 2.0). Video recordings gaze and hand behaviors were compared between HSA and LSA groups across HAT conditions. The HSA group spent less time fixating on mirrored objects, an erroneous answer option, of HAT compared to the LSA group (11.0 ± 4.7 vs. 17.8 ± 7.3 s, p = 0.020) in S conditions. In haptic conditions, HSA utilized a hand–object interaction strategy characterized as palpation, significantly less than the LSA group (23.2 ± 16.0 vs. 43.1 ± 21.5 percent, p = 0.022). Before this study, it was unclear whether haptic sensory inputs appended to the mental schema models of the CTML. These data suggest that if spatial abilities are challenged, LSA persons both benefit and utilize strategies beyond the classic CTML framework by using their hands as a third input channel. This data suggest haptic behaviors offer a third type of sensory memory resulting in improved cognitive performance.
Coached habitus: Mapping the role of shadow education in shaping students' educational trajectories
Authors: Gupta Achala 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStudies have shown how family (typically parents) and formal institutions (specifically schools and universities) shape individuals' dispositions—or habitus. However, other sites of academic socialisation, such as tutoring centres and coaching institutions (collectively forming a shadow education system), are seldom scrutinised for their role in this process. To address this gap in scholarship, this paper draws on interviews with 30 Indian students who narrated their experiences of shadow education in its diversified form, from schooling and higher education to moving to the United Kingdom for advanced education. The discussion of the research findings unveils how shadow education experiences impact students' (academic) dispositions throughout their scholastic lifespan, thus aiding in nurturing academic selves (in early schooling years), cultivating competitive selves (during the transition to university), harnessing enterprising selves (when transitioning within and from university education) and developing transnational selves (as students prepare for international mobility). A synthesis of these empirical realities culminates in introducing a new concept of coached habitus that accounts for the role of shadow education in orchestrating the practices by which students may inculcate specific values, beliefs and habits aiming to prepare them to navigate increasingly competitive educational fields throughout their academic trajectories successfully. The paper argues that shadow education is a key site for habitus formation, particularly in contexts such as India and other Asian countries where non‐formal education is inextricably entwined with everyday schooling experiences.
Why hematopoietic stem cells fail in Fanconi anemia: Mechanisms and models
Authors: Liu Suying , Vivona ES , Kurre Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFanconi anemia (FA) is generally classified as a DNA repair disorder, conferring a genetic predisposition to cancer and prominent bone marrow failure (BMF) in early childhood. Corroborative human and murine studies point to a fetal origin of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) attrition under replicative stress. Along with intriguing recent insights into non‐canonical roles and domain‐specific functions of FA proteins, these studies have raised the possibility of a DNA repair‐independent BMF etiology. However, deeper mechanistic insight is critical as current curative options of allogeneic stem cell transplantation and emerging gene therapy have limited eligibility, carry significant side effects, and involve complex procedures restricted to resource‐rich environments. To develop rational and broadly accessible therapies for FA patients, the field will need more faithful disease models that overcome the scarcity of patient samples, leverage technological advances, and adopt investigational clinical trial designs tailored for rare diseases.
Recent advances in utilizing surface‐features of naturally derived nanocellulose and nanochitin for self‐cleaning and purifying applications
Authors: Lee Donggyu , Koo Jun Mo , Cho Yumi , Kim Jinsik , Kim Soyeon , Oh Dongyeop X. , Jeon Hyeonyeol , Park Jeyoung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in the utilization of naturally derived nanocellulose and nanochitin/chitosan have opened new avenues for self‐cleaning and purification applications to address environmental challenges. This review highlights the unique structural properties of bio‐based nanofibers, which are typically rich in hydroxyl groups that enhance their functionality in various industrial sectors. Through appropriate chemical modification, they can perform specific functions facilitated by carboxylic acids or amine groups. We explored the mechanisms by which these materials facilitate oil/water separation, ultrafiltration, and self‐cleaning processes, including the incorporation of inorganic nanoparticles, such as TiO2, to improve hydrophilicity and oleophobicity. Furthermore, this review discusses innovative fabrication techniques, such as spray‐assisted layer‐by‐layer assembly, which enhance the performance of nanofiber‐based coatings. We examined the potential of these materials for diverse applications, including food packaging, wastewater treatment, and personal protective equipment, emphasizing their role in promoting sustainable industrial practices. As the global emphasis on eco‐friendly solutions intensifies, continued research and development of nanocellulose and nanochitin is expected to drive significant advancements in materials science, paving the way for greener technologies.
The effect of the product categories diversity recommended on cross‐buying in electronic commerce platforms: The moderating role of user navigation heterogeneity
Authors: Dong Xiaosong , Li Baofeng , Xie Kai , Zhao Xing , Xiao Ruyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractE‐commerce platforms encourage consumers' cross‐buying behavior to boost user traffic and trading volume. However, balancing the precision and richness of recommended information with the mechanisms influencing consumer cross‐buying remains unclear, which also poses challenges to the specific operation of these platforms. Therefore, this study leverages extensive online behavioral data from an e‐commerce platform, encompassing detailed records of 26,034 consumers. By employing unsupervised machine learning algorithms to distinguish the heterogeneity of consumer browsing, we apply clickstream data to explore the mechanisms of the impact of information diversity, specifically the breadth and depth of recommended product categories, on cross‐buying. This study reveals that the effect of diverse recommendations on online decision‐making undergoes marginal variations due to alterations in both the breadth and depth of these recommendations. Specifically, the depth and breadth of recommended product categories exhibit an inverted U‐shaped relationship with cross‐buying, initially promoting, and subsequently suppressing it. Additionally, consumers with different browsing behavior characteristics respond differently to recommendation diversity. Confused visitors and hedonic visitors positively moderate the depth of information and negatively moderate the breadth of recommendations with the inverted U‐shaped effect on cross‐buying. Search‐oriented visitors positively adjust the inverted U‐shaped relationship between the depth of information and the breadth of recommendations on consumer cross‐buying. This study enriches research on cross‐buying in the domain of recommendations on e‐commerce platforms from the perspective of information diversity, providing valuable insights for optimizing recommendation strategies, promoting cross‐buying behavior, and enhancing consumer loyalty.
Bronchial foreign body presenting as pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum in a young child
Authors: Shilpakar Rajendra , Shrestha Nipun , Shrestha Dhruba 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessagePneumomediastinum (PM) and subcutaneous emphysema (SCE) following foreign body aspiration are very rare. Pneumomediastinum (PM) occurs due to alveolar rupture, whereas subcutaneous emphysema occurs if air leak persists. It is benign in nature, but in some cases, it might be fatal. Therefore, proper assessment and management are required to limit the life‐threatening complications and FB should always be suspected whenever spontaneous PM and SCE is seen. PM and SCE are very rare presentations of foreign body aspiration in children of age less than 3 years and in such circumstances, the possibility of foreign body should be considered. There is also a rare possibility of spontaneous expectoration of a foreign body dislodged in the trachea.
Atypical neonatal cutaneous myiasis: A diagnostic challenge mimicking pustular rash in a resource‐limited setting
Authors: Ekwem Doris A. , Namara Edwin , Ssenuni Eric , Amuge Amanda , Omona Venice , Okidi Ronald , Olum Ronald 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageNeonatal cutaneous myiasis is a rare disease in newborns. Although it is unlikely, the level of suspicion for this condition should be high, especially in tropical regions. Treatment may deviate from the standard approach when necessary, and chemical debridement can be considered, particularly for smaller lesions. Ultimately, clinical judgment plays a key role in decision‐making.AbstractMyiasis is the infestation of the skin of a mammal by larvae or maggots. The skin is the most affected organ. However, it can also affect other organs of the body. Gasterophilus and Hypoderma are two flies that produce creeping myiasis, a type of cutaneous myiasis our patient had. The infestation is common in Sub‐Saharan Africa and most especially among rural dwellers. We report on a case of a 7‐day‐old term neonate who reported to St. Mary's Hospital Lacor, a Private‐not‐for‐Profit hospital situated in the Northern region of Uganda, who was admitted as a case of neonatal sepsis with a focus on the skin initially, however, while on the ward was eventually diagnosed with Cutaneous Myiasis. The management plan included chemical debridement with Hydrogen peroxide, IV antibiotics, and other supportive therapies, and the neonate was ultimately discharged home after 9 days in the NICU. This case report aims to inform healthcare workers of the importance of heightening the index of suspicion of myiasis for neonates who present with sudden‐onset rash that can resemble pustules and be mistaken for a pustular rash. Additionally, chemical debridement, in this case, underscores the importance of an innovative approach to managing cutaneous myiasis in resource‐limited settings. Mass education and awareness programs focusing on proper hygiene practices, safe handling of newborns, and early recognition of symptoms can help mitigate the risk of myiasis.
Design and Development of Integrated Direct Air Capture and Methanation Processes
Authors: Sabatino Francesco , Galanti Mattia , Roghair Ivo , Van Sint Annaland Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe synergies from integrating direct air capture and CO2 methanation are assessed and quantified. Three direct air capture and methanation processes with different integration strategies are proposed: only heat integration, direct air capture sorbent regeneration with high‐pressure H2, and complete integration in a single unit. The heat integration study via pinch analysis evaluated the potential energy demand reduction. Overall autothermal operation is achievable, as the heat generated in methanation often exceeds that required for direct air capture sorbent regeneration. A novel process combining CO2 adsorption and methanation in one reactor provided the best productivity and energy demand results. However, this design requires complex cycles and strict demands on the sorbent and catalyst, requiring further development and experimental demonstration.
Direct Spectroscopic Confirmation of the Oxygen‐Centered Diradical Character of the Tetraoxidorhenium(VII) Cation [Re(O)4]+
Authors: da Silva Santos Mayara , Medel Robert , Kruse Simon , Flach Max , Ablyasova Olesya S. , Timm Martin , von Issendorff Bernd , Hirsch Konstantin , Zamudio‐Bayer Vicente , Riedel Sebastian , Lau J. Tobias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMononuclear inorganic diradical species are scarce. Here, we confirm, via X‐ray absorption spectroscopy in the gas phase combined with computational studies, the oxygen‐centered diradical character of the tetraoxidorhenium(VII) cation. A dioxido‐superoxido isomer, close in energy to the diradical, is also found, where rhenium appears in its rare oxidation state of +6. Addition of one or two hydrogen atoms to [Re,O4]+ forms hydroxido ligands, and strongly disfavors isomers with any oxygen‐oxygen bond. This adds spectroscopic characterization of the rhenium oxidation state and the nature of ligands to the known ability of [Re,O4]+ to perform two consecutive hydrogen‐atom abstraction reactions from methane, and demonstrates that pentaatomic [Re,O4]+ combines a metal center in its highest oxidation state with two oxygen‐centered radical ligands in a highly reactive species.
An ultrastable luminescent covalent organic polymer for selective Pd2+ detection in strong acid
Authors: Bai Yaoyao , Lu Huangjie , Lei Min , Qiu Jie , Lin Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe low natural abundance of palladium (10 ppb) in the Earth's crust highlights its considerable potential as a valuable resource, especially given that spent nuclear fuel contains approximately 1–2 kg of Pd per ton. However, the detection and separation of Pd2+ from high‐level liquid waste (HLLW) present significant challenges due to high acidity (2–5 M HNO3) and intense radiation conditions inherent in spent fuel reprocessing. We present a cyano‐olefin‐linked covalent organic polymer (COP‐TnPp) that exhibits remarkable stability in strong acidic environments and resilience to radiation. Thanks to its olefin linkage, which facilitates π‐electron conjugation, COP‐TnPp exhibits strong luminescence, whose intensity remains stable across a range of 1–5 M nitric acid solutions. Pd2+ ions can effectively quench the fluorescence of COP‐TnPp in 1 and 5 M HNO3 solutions with detection limits of 0.37 and 0.63 μM, respectively. Additionally, COP‐TnPp demonstrates exceptional selectivity for Pd2+ ions, even amidst 22 other interfering ions in a simulated HLLW solution (5 M HNO3), with the detection limit remaining at 0.697 μM. This work not only marks an advancement in the development of materials for detecting Pd2+ in extreme acidic conditions but also offers new insights into the detection of other radionuclides under similarly challenging environments.
The Implications of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) Fatty Acid Profiles for Their Thiamine Status
Authors: Todisco Vittoria , Hauber Marc M. , Brett Michael T. , Axén Charlotte , Hindar Kjetil , Tibblin Petter , Hylander Samuel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThiamine deficiency is an ongoing issue across the Northern Hemisphere, causing reproductive failure in multiple salmonid populations. In the Baltic Sea, a large brackish water system in northern Europe, previous research has suggested that this deficiency is associated with lipid‐rich diets with a high proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3). The mechanism proposed is that a diet abundant in highly unsaturated fatty acids, such as DHA, depletes thiamine as an antioxidant defense in adult salmonids, rather than allocating thiamine to the offspring. In light of this existing hypothesis, we here explore the relationship between diet history and the related fatty acid (FA), profiles, and thiamine status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in three systems: the Baltic Sea, the North Atlantic Ocean, and Lake Vänern. Atlantic salmon inhabiting each system is known to have unique feeding histories and thiamine status. Our results showed that despite extensive sampling effort and distinct FA profiles, indicative of their diverse diets, there were no correlations between any FAs, including DHA, and the thiamine status of these populations. This finding does not support the above‐mentioned hypothesis that diets rich in easily oxidized FAs would lead to lower thiamine concentrations in salmon tissues. Additionally, we found that changes in the salmon FA profiles throughout their life cycle are consistent for both low‐thiamine populations from the Baltic Sea and medium‐thiamine populations from North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting that these changes might not be involved in thiamine deficiency development.
Temporal and spatial variation in reproductive benefits in a partial migrant
Authors: Witczak Stephanie , Kormann Urs G. , Catitti Benedetta , Scherler Patrick , van Bergen Valentijn , Grüebler Martin U. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn partial migrant systems, where residents and migrants coexist within a population, residents are commonly predicted to gain a reproductive advantage over migrants through priority access to high‐quality territories and an earlier breeding start. Annual variation in reproductive benefits has been suggested to be important for the coexistence of both strategies in a population, as differences in wintering conditions experienced by the two strategies may result in a periodic reproductive advantage for migrants. However, the importance of spatial environmental variation for reproductive output in partially migrant populations remains largely unexplored. We investigated variation in the reproductive output of migrants and residents in a population of Swiss red kites (Milvus milvus) both temporally, across and within years, and spatially, along an elevational gradient. We gathered 4 years of reproductive data combined with 183 GPS‐derived full annual cycles from individuals breeding in the Swiss Alpine foothills. At low, but not high, elevations, residents produced more fledglings than migrants. We also found evidence for annual variation in the reproductive advantage of the two strategies. Furthermore, while reproductive output did decline with a later breeding start, there was no difference in the start of breeding between the two migration strategies. The results of this study suggest that differences in reproductive output between migrants and residents in partial migrant populations can vary both due to the use of spatially distinct overwintering grounds and because the strategies are differently affected by spatial variables in the breeding area, such as elevation. The study emphasizes that spatial and temporal variation in reproductive benefits must be considered when predicting how migratory species will respond to future environmental change.