bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudio comparativo de la distancia coracohumeral en pacientes con patología degenerativa del subescapular y una población voluntaria asintomática
Authors: Cárdenas Gabriel , Calderon Christian , Pineda Tomas , Avila Joaquin , Pefaur Ricardo 
Published: March 2019

Introducción El pinzamiento subcoracoideo secundario a una distancia coracohumeral (DCH) disminuida, ha sido descrito como una posible etiología de las lesiones degenerativas del tendón del Subescapular (SSC), sin embargo, esa teoría aún es controversial.
Objetivo Evaluar si existe una diferencia significativa entre la DCH promedio de pacientes con patología degenerativa del SSC y un grupo control.
Materiales y Métodos Se diseñó un estudio de casos-controles y se estableció un tamaño muestral mínimo de 36 casos por grupo. De nuestra base de datos, y dentro de un periodo de 6 meses, se rescataron 46 Resonancias Magnéticas (RM) de hombro con patología degenerativa avanzada y/o roturas del SSC (grupo SSC). El grupo control fue conformado por 36 RM realizadas a voluntarios asintomáticos sin patología del mango rotador. Se incluyeron en ambos grupos solo pacientes entre 40 y 60 años. Se utilizó prueba de t para determinar las diferencias entre 2 grupos con un nivel de confianza del 95%.
Resultados La edad promedio del grupo SSC fue 50,1 ± 6,1 años y del grupo control 51,7 ± 6,8 años, no existiendo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos (p = 0.43). La DCH promedio en el grupo SSC fue 8,58 mm [IC: 7,95–9,21 mm], y en el grupo control fue 11,04 mm [IC: 10,05–12,04 mm]. Al comparar la DCH, se encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre grupos (p = 0,00048).
Conclusión Nuestros resultados respaldan la existencia de una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre una DCH disminuida y la presencia de patología degenerativa del SSC.
Nivel de Evidencia: III (Estudio de casos y controles).
The Value of Different Radiological Modalities in Assessment of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: Case Review and Diagnostic Perspective
Authors: Jariwala Poonam , Kalaniti Kaarthigeyan , Wonko Neil , Daspal Sibasis , Mugarab Samedi Veronica 
Published: March 2019

Pneumomediastinum (PM), or a mediastinal air leak, is a known morbidity in neonates. Among predisposing factors, the most significant are mixed lung diseases, such as pneumonia or meconium aspiration syndrome, with coexisting atelectasis and airway obstruction. We report an unusual presentation of significant spontaneous pneumomediastinum in a term newborn delivered by elective cesarean section with no history of active resuscitation at birth.Timely diagnosis of SPM is important for both management and prognosis. We believe that lung ultrasound (LUS) is a promising screening tool for early detection of PM in neonates, and could help avoid unnecessary exposure to radiation in delicate neonates. More simultaneous studies comparing chest X-ray (CXR), LUS, and computed tomography (CT) scans may help to prove the utility value of point-of-care ultrasounds as a primary diagnostic tool in identifying this morbidity.
‚David Armenius philosophus‘
Authors: Jeck Udo Reinhold 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
At the centre of the philosophical tradition of Armenia is a thinker who in the Western tradition carries the
Latin names ‘David Armenius philosophus’ or ‘David invincibilis’. Today, international philosophical-historical research is
increasingly concerned with the enigmatic corpus of the works that have been handed down under the name of David. The
historical-critical exploration of early Armenian philosophy and its specific achievements, as well as its intense relationship to
late antique Byzantine thought, were, however, initiated by important scholars of Western Europe at the beginning of the 19th
century. Before this time, there were few reliable references to ‘David’ in Western European research literature. It was the
orientalist Carl Friedrich Neumann (1798–1870) who brought about the turnaround. He studied in Heidelberg with Creuzer and Hegel,
learned the Armenian language from the Mechitarists in Venice, and found inspiration in Paris. Then he examined the available
Armenian and Greek sources of the Corpus Davidis and collected his findings in a monograph in 1829. Neumann’s deeply philosophical
mind is clearly revealed in this treatise, entitled Mémoire sur la vie et les ouvrages de David. With great certitude, he
traced down the pieces of information from David’s writings, as well as from the related ancient Armenian sources, which had great
relevance for further research. These findings included communications on the biography of David and his own works, as well as on
Aristotle, late antique Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism. Almost inevitably, Neumann also fell victim to errors, which, however,
does not diminish his importance as a pioneer of research into late antique Armenian philosophy. Neumann put David on the map for
Western scholars, thus prompting a wider interest in the hitherto isolated Armenian philosophical thought for the first time.
The points of concepts: their types, tensions, and connections
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn the literature seeking to explain concepts in terms of their point, talk of ‘the point’ of concepts remains under-theorised. I propose a typology of points which distinguishes practical, evaluative, animating, and inferential points. This allows us to resolve tensions such as that between the ambition of explanations in terms of the points of concepts to be informative and the claim that mastering concepts requires grasping their point; and it allows us to exploit connections between types of points to understand why they come apart, and whether they do so for problematic ideological reasons or for benignly functional reasons.
Trajectories of students’ well-being in secondary education in Germany and differences by social background
Authors: Herke Max , Rathmann Katharina , Richter Matthias 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Subjective well-being (SWB) is an important indicator of quality of life, but prior research mostly analyzed adolescents’ subjective well-being in cross-sectional studies. There is a lack of studies examining changes in subjective well-being throughout adolescence using longitudinal panel data. This study examined trajectories of subjective well-being of adolescents in Germany throughout secondary education and differences by socioeconomic position, gender and family structure.

Methods
We use the German National Educational Panel Study and combine data from annual survey waves of two of its cohorts. These were first surveyed in 2010 and cover 5th to 10th and 9th to 12th grade level. Using growth curve modelling based on multilevel models, differences in levels and trajectories of subjective well-being overall and differentiated by school type, parental education, household income, gender and family structure were identified. The analyses include 34 504 observations of 12 564 students.

Results
Subjective well-being decreased from 5th to 12th grade. Students attending lower track schools showed lower subjective well-being, but also a lesser decrease over time. Students living in low-income households or in single-parent or step-families showed lower subjective well-being. Female students showed higher subjective well-being than males in 5th grade, but also a higher decrease over time, leading to lower subjective well-being than males by 12th grade.

Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive picture of subjective well-being throughout secondary education. Adolescents’ subjective well-being is linked to social factors regarding family and living conditions as well as school features. Overall, disadvantaged adolescents experience longer periods of lower subjective well-being, thus accumulating the effects of worse psychosocial health opportunities over time.
Symmetric Decompositions and Real-Rootedness
Authors: Brändén Petter , Solus Liam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn algebraic, topological, and geometric combinatorics, inequalities among the coefficients of combinatorial polynomials are frequently studied. Recently, a notion called the alternatingly increasing property, which is stronger than unimodality, was introduced. In this paper, we relate the alternatingly increasing property to real-rootedness of the symmetric decomposition of a polynomial to develop a systematic approach for proving the alternatingly increasing property for several classes of polynomials. We apply our results to strengthen and generalize real-rootedness, unimodality, and alternatingly increasing results pertaining to colored Eulerian and derangement polynomials, Ehrhart $h^\ast$-polynomials for lattice zonotopes, $h$-polynomials of barycentric subdivisions of doubly Cohen–Macaulay level simplicial complexes, and certain local $h$-polynomials for subdivisions of simplices. In particular, we prove two conjectures of Athanasiadis.
Space and Shelter Requirement of Nymphs in the Mass-Rearing of the Edible Ruspolia differens (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)
Authors: Lehtovaara V J , Tahvanainen J , Sorjonen J , Valtonen A , Roininen H 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The ability to mass-rear insects in high densities is a precondition for the edible insect industry but the space requirement has to be determined specifically for each species. Mass-rearing methods for Ruspolia differens Serville (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), one of the most consumed edible insect species in East Africa, are currently lacking. Though, these methods are urgently needed to enhance the food security in the region and to reduce the pressure on the wild populations. Here, we experimentally evaluated the effect of rearing density and rearing environment on the survival of R. differens nymphs. We conducted two experiments; in Experiment 1 we used small 0.15-liter rearing containers and in Experiment 2, larger 0.75-liter containers. The rearing densities ranged from 4 to 300 individuals per liter and we used three different rearing environments (‘net’, ‘spikes’, and ‘oat sprouts’). We found that the survival of R. differens nymphs is strongly density-dependent. The suitable rearing density for young R. differens nymphs should be ≤36 nymphs per liter, as in higher densities the mortality of nymphs increases rapidly over the course of time. With rearing densities ≤36 nymphs per liter, a survival rate of 60% can be expected up to 28 d after rearing. The studied environments only had a minor effect on the survival. These results create the basis for the efforts to upscale the rearing of R. differens in the future.
Individual Preference for Longshots
Authors: Chark Robin , Chew Soo Hong , Zhong Songfa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResults from studies on risk taking behavior suggest that people tend to be risk seeking when making choices over lotteries that involve longshots: small probabilities of winning sizable payoffs. To investigate preferences over longshots systematically, we conduct an incentivized experiment using state lotteries in China, each involving a single prize and fixed winning odds. This enables our construction of single-prize lotteries involving winning odds between 10-5 and 10-1 and winning prizes ranging from RMB10 (about USD1.60) to RMB10,000,000 (about USD1.60 million) across different expected payoffs. For lotteries with expected payoffs of 1 and 10, subjects exhibit heterogeneous preferences for longshots: some prefer the smallest winning probability whereas others favor intermediate winning probabilities. As the expected payoff increases to 100, subjects become predominantly risk averse, even for the lowest winning probability of 10-5. Our findings pose challenges for utility models of decision making under risk.
Genomic Approaches Identify Novel Gene Associations with Out of Season Lambing in Sheep
Authors: Posbergh Christian J , Thonney Michael L , Huson Heather J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSheep are seasonally polyestrous, traditionally breeding when the day length shortens in the autumn. The changing photoperiod stimulates reproductive hormones through a series of chemical pathways, ultimately leading to cyclicity. Some breeds of sheep, such as the Polypay and Dorset, have been selected for reduced seasonality and can lamb year-round. Despite this selection, there is still variation within these breeds in the ability to lamb out of season. The identification of out of season lambing quantitative trait loci has the potential to improve genetic progress using genomic selection schemes. Association studies, fixation index (FST), and runs of homozygosity (ROH) were evaluated to identify regions of the genome that influence the ability of ewes to lamb out of season. All analyses used genotypic data from the Illumina Ovine HD beadchip. Genome-wide associations were tested both across breeds in 257 ewes and within the Dorset and Polypay breeds. FST was measured across breeds and between UK and US Dorsets to assess population differences. ROH were estimated in ewes to identify homozygous regions contributing to out of season lambing. Significant associations after multiple testing correction were found through these approaches, leading to the identification of several candidate genes for further study. Genes involved with eye development, reproductive hormones, and neuronal changes were identified as the most promising for influencing the ewe’s ability to lamb year-round. These candidate genes could be advantageous for selection for improved year-round lamb production and provide better insight into the complex regulation of seasonal reproduction.
Early Accountable Care Organization Results in End-of-Life Spending Among Cancer Patients
Authors: Lam Miranda B , Zheng Jie , Orav E John , Jha Ashish K 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Spending on cancer patients is substantial and has increased in recent years. Accountable care organizations (ACOs) are arguably the most important national experiment to control health-care spending. How ACOs are managing patients with cancer at the end of life (EOL) is largely unknown. We conducted this study with the objective of determining whether becoming an ACO is associated with subsequent changes in EOL spending or utilization among patients with cancer.

Methods
Using national Medicare claims from 2011 to 2015, we identified patients who died in 2012 (pre-ACO, n = 12 248) and 2015 (post-ACO, n = 12 248), assigning each decedent to a practice. ACOs were matched to non-ACOs within the same geographic region. We used a difference-in-difference model to examine changes in EOL spending and utilization associated with becoming an ACO in the Medicare Shared Savings Program for beneficiaries with cancer.

Results
We found that the introduction of ACOs had no meaningful impact on overall EOL spending in cancer patients (change in overall spending in ACOs = -$1687 vs -$1434 in non-ACOs, difference = $253, 95% confidence interval = -$1809 to $1304, P= .75). We found no changes in total patient spending by cancer type examined or by spending categories, including cancer-specific categories of radiation, therapy, and hospice services. Finally, emergency department visits, inpatient hospitalization, intensive care unit admissions, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and hospice use did not meaningfully differ between ACO and non-ACO patients.

Conclusions
The introduction of ACOs does not appear to have had any meaningful effect on EOL spending or utilization for patients with a cancer diagnosis.
A 5deg x 5deg deep H i survey of the M81 group
Authors: Sorgho A , Foster T , Carignan C , Chemin L 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
A $25\, \rm deg^2$ region, including the M81 complex (M81, M82, and NGC 3077), NGC 2976, and IC2574, was mapped during ∼3000  h with the DRAO synthesis telescope. With a physical resolution of ∼1 kpc, these observations allow us to probe a large region down to column density levels of ${\sim }1\times 10^{18}\, \rm cm^{-2}$ over 16 km s−1, mapping the extent of the H i arm connecting the system and NGC 2976, and resolving the H i clouds adjacent to the arm. The observations also reveal a few clouds located between the system and IC 2574, probably tidally stripped from a past interaction between the two systems. Given the regular velocity distribution in the H i envelope of the system, we attempt and derive an idealized large-scale rotation curve of the system. We observe a flat trend for the rotation velocity of the overall system from 20 kpc out to 80 kpc, well beyond the outskirts of the M81 disk, although with asymmetries like a wiggle at the vicinity of M82. This supports the assumption that intergalactic gas and galaxies in the system participate to a large-scale ordered rotation motion which is dominated by M81. Also, our H i analysis of the group further supports the hypothesis that the galaxies forming the system moved closer from afar, in agreement with numerical simulations.
Integrating Genome-Wide Association and eQTLs Studies Identifies the Genes Associated with Age at Menarche and Age at Natural Menopause
Authors: Wang Gang , Lv Jian , Qiu Xiaoxin , An Yujun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveAn early onset of menarche and, later, menopause are well-established risk factors for the development of breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Although the largest GWASs have identified 389 independent signals for age at menarche (AAM) and 44 regions for age at menopause (ANM), GWAS can only identify the associations between variants and traits. The aim of this study was to identify genes whose expression levels were associated with AAM or ANM due to pleiotropy or causality by integrating GWAS data with genome-wide expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) data. We also aimed to identify the pleiotropic genes that influenced two phenotypes.MethodWe employed GWAS data of AAM and ANM and Genome-wide eQTL data from whole blood. The summary data-based Mendelian randomization (SMR) method was used to prioritize the associated genes for further study. The colocalization analysis was used to identify the pleiotropic genes.ResultsWe identified 31 genes whose expression was associated with AAM and 24 genes whose expression was associated with ANM due to pleiotropy or causality. Two pleiotropic genes were identified to be associated with two phenotypes.ConclusionThe results point out the most possible genes which were responsible for the association. Our study prioritizes the associated genes for further functional mechanistic study of AAM and ANM and illustrates the benefit of integrating different omics of data into the study of complex traits.
Cdc42EP5/BORG3 modulates SEPT9 to promote actomyosin function and melanoma invasion and metastasis
Authors: Farrugia Aaron J , Rodríguez Javier , Orgaz Jose L , Lucas María , Sanz-Moreno Victoria , Calvo Fernando 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFast amoeboid migration in the invasive fronts of melanoma is controlled by high levels of actomyosin contractility, which underlie its highly metastatic potential. How this migratory behaviour is coupled to other cytoskeletal components is poorly understood. Septins are increasingly recognized as novel cytoskeletal components, but details on their regulation and contribution to cancer migration and metastasis are lacking. Here, we show that the septin regulator Cdc42EP5 is consistently required for melanoma cells to migrate and invade into collagen-rich matrices, and to locally invade and disseminate in vivo. Cdc42EP5 associates with actin structures leading to increased actomyosin contractility and amoeboid migration. Cdc42EP5 effects these functions through SEPT9-dependent F-actin crosslinking, which enables the generation of F-actin bundles required for the sustained stabilisation of highly contractile actomyosin structures. This study provides evidence for Cdc42EP5 as a regulator of cancer cell motility that coordinates actin and septin networks. It also describes a unique role for SEPT9 in invasion and metastasis, and illustrates a mechanism that regulates its function in melanoma.
Shotgun metagenomics reveals an enrichment of potentially cross-reactive bacterial epitopes in ankylosing spondylitis patients, as well as the effects of TNFi therapy and the host’s genotype upon microbiome composition
Authors: Yin Jian , Sternes Peter R. , Wang Mingbang , Morrison Mark , Song Jing , Li Ting , Zhou Ling , Wu Xin , He Fusheng , Zhu Jian , Brown Matthew A. , Xu Huji 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTDiverse evidence including clinical, genetic and microbiome studies support a major role of the gut microbiome in the common immune-mediated arthropathy, ankylosing spondylitis (AS). To further investigate this we performed metagenomic analysis of a case-control cohort of 250 Han-Chinese subjects. Previous reports of gut dysbiosis in AS were re-confirmed and several notable bacterial species and functional categories were differentially abundant. TNF-inhibitor (TNFi) therapy at least partially restored the perturbed microbiome observed in untreated AS cases to that of healthy controls, including several important bacterial species that have been previously associated with AS and other related diseases. Enrichment of bacterial peptides homologous to HLA-B27-presented epitopes was observed in the stools of AS patients, suggesting that either HLA-B27 fails to clear these or that they are involved in driving HLA-B27-associated immune reactions. TNFi therapy of AS patients was also associated with a reduction of potentially arthritogenic bacterial peptides, relative to untreated patients. An AS-associated SNP inRUNX3significantly influenced the microbiome in two independent cohorts, highlighting a host genotype (other thanHLA-B27) potentially influencing AS via the microbiome. These findings emphasise the key role that the gut microbiome plays in driving the pathogenesis of AS.