bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A four-week, home-based exercise program is effective in treating subacute low back
Authors: Lumb M 
Published: November 2018

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent condition affecting a large portion of the population world-wide and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and work absenteeism. Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of a four-week, home-based exercise program in treating subacute LBP in adults.
Methods: A quantitative, experimental research design was employed. Twenty male and female adults aged between 18 and 65 years with subacute LBP were recruited by means of advertisements and word of mouth and allocated into either a control group (CG) or a home-based exercise group (HG). Both groups underwent a pre-test that consisted of answering two questionnaires, the Visual Analogue Scale for Pain (VASP) and the Oswestry LBP and Disability Questionnaire. The (CG) received no intervention over the four-week intervention period, while the intervention group (HG) was given an exercise program and instructed to perform the exercises at home, three times a week for four weeks. After four weeks (post-test), the two questionnaires were repeated. After eight weeks (follow-up test) both groups again completed the two questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric inferential statistics and Cohen’s effect size (d) were used to analyse the data and statistical significance was set at a confidence level of 95% (p?0.05).
Results: Following the home-based exercise intervention there were significant improvements observed in lower back pain and function for the HG. The HG’s Oswestry scores improved significantly (p=0.005) and their VASP also showed a significant improvement (p=0.011). Significant improvements also occurred between the pre-test and four-week follow-up for the HG’s Oswestry score (p=0.021) and for the HG’s VASP (p=0.005). No significant improvement was found for the CG between pre-test and post-test or between pre-test and the four-week follow-up. Large effect sizes (d>0.8) were also observed for the HG between the pre- and the post-test (d=1.59) as well as between the HG and the CG at post-test (d=1.52) and at the four-week follow-up (d=1.6).
Conclusion: The exercise intervention resulted in statistically significant and clinically significant improvements in both function and pain in adults with subacute LBP.
Ege Üniversitesi Gözlemevi’nin Gökyüzü Parlaklık Ölçümleri
Authors: DEVLEN Ahmet 
Published: November 2018

Büyük şehirler sahip oldukları
ışıkla geceleri ışıltılıdır ve muhteşem görünürler. Bu ışıltılı şehir ışıkları
kamu alanlarındaki aydınlatmalar, sokak aydınlatmaları, reklam panoları, bina
dış aydınlatmaları ve ticari aydınlatmalardan oluşmaktadır. Bu görkemli görüntü
yapay ışıkların uygunsuz ve aşırı kullanılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Buna ışık
kirliliği denir. Yıldızlardan gelen zayıf ışıkları gözleyebilmek için karanlık,
nemsiz, ışık kirliliği ve hava kirliliği olmayan yerlere ihtiyacımız vardır.
Gökcisimlerinden gelen bu zayıf ışığın incelenmesi sahip olduğumuz teknolojik
kabiliyetlerin yanı sıra ışık kirliliği olmayan gözlemevlerine sahip olmamıza
bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada Ege Üniversitesi Gözlemevi’nde gece gökyüzü parlaklık
ölçümleri yapılmıştır. 2010 yılında, zenit açısı z &lt; 60° için
gökyüzü parlaklığı tüm azimut açılarında 19 kadir civarında ölçülmüştür. 2017
yılında zenit açısı 35°
&lt; z &lt; 60°
için, gökyüzü parlaklığında azimut açısı 240° &lt; a &lt; 270°, 270° &lt; a &lt; 360° ve 0° &lt; a
&lt; 30° arasında,
sırasıyla, 0.4, 0.8 ve 0.25 kadirlik bir artış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu
parlaklık artışı, gözlem süresinin yaklaşık 1.5 saat kısalmasına neden
olmuştur. Bu ölçümler Ege Üniversitesi Gözlemevi’ndeki ışık kirliliğinin hızla
arttığını ve astronomik gözlemlerin sınırlandığını göstermiştir.
Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density Determination of Some Amino Acids by Using Scattering Intensity Ratio of 59.54 keV Gamma Rays
Authors: TURŞUCU Ahmet 
Published: November 2018

In this study the specific atomic arguments have
been determined for F-Glycine (C2H5O2N),
Alenine (L, D) (C3H7O2N), Leucine (L, D) (C6H13O2N),
L-Proline (C5H9O2N) amino acids. The calculation procedure of the experimental values of atomic
parameters was carried out by using scattering intensity ratios of γ-rays.
These γ-rays were obtained from 5 Ci 241Am annular radioactive
source. In traditional studies, these
arguments were determined by transmission technique. The scattered γ-rays were
counted by using an HPGe semiconductor detector. Our detecting system was connected
to a separate amplifier and an Accuspec card. Theoretical values of related
atomic parameters for amino acid targets were calculated and cross checked with
our experiential values. Our deliberated values are in good concordance with
theoretical calculations.
CONFEDERATE MONUMENTS, PLANTATION-MUSEUMS AND SLAVERY: Race, Public History, and National Identity
Authors: SMALL STEPHEN 
Published: November 2018

Abstract: My primary focus in this article is on sixteen slave cabins incorporated into three heritage tourism sites in Natchitoches, North West Louisiana. The sites are Oakland Plantation, Magnolia Plantation and Melrose Plantation. How is national identity expressed and articulated at these sites; and how does consideration of slave cabins provide opportunities for highlighting and questioning issues of national identity? I seek to persuade the reader that consideration of the current representations of the slave cabins can expand our analytical intervention and broaden our understanding of the promotion of national identity at these sites.Keywords: Confederate monuments. Plantation-museums. Slavery. MONUMENTOS CONFEDERADOS, MUSEUS DE PLANTAÇÃO E ESCRAVIDáƒO: Raça, História Pública e Identidade NacionalResumo: Meu foco principal neste artigo é sobre dezesseis cabanas de escravos incorporadas em três locais de turismo de patrimônio em Natchitoches, no noroeste da Louisiana. Os locais são Oakland Plantation, Magnolia Plantation e Melrose Plantation. As questões que perpassam este trabalho são: Como a identidade nacional é expressa e articulada nesses sites? E como a consideração das cabanas de escravos oferece oportunidades para destacar e questionar questões de identidade nacional? Procuro convencer o leitor de que a consideração das atuais representações das cabanas escravas pode expandir nossa intervenção analá­tica e ampliar nossa compreensão da promoção da identidade nacional nesses locais.Palavras-chave: Monumentos confederados. Museus de plantação. Escravidão. MONUMENTOS CONFEDERADOS, MUSEOS DE PLANTACIÓN Y ESCLAVITUD: Raza, Historia Pública e Identidad NacionalResumen: Mi enfoque principal en este artá­culo es sobre dieciséis cabañas de esclavos incorporadas en tres sitios de turismo patrimonial en Natchitoches, en noroeste de Louisiana. Los sitios son Oakland Plantation, Magnolia Plantation y Melrose Plantation. Las cuestiones que atraviesan este trabajo son: ¿Cómo se expresa y se articula la identidad nacional en estos sitios? y ¿cómo la consideración de las cabañas de esclavos ofrece oportunidades para destacar y cuestionar los problemas de identidad nacional? Intento persuadir al lector de que la consideración de las representaciones actuales de las cabañas de esclavos puede ampliar nuestra intervención analá­tica y ampliar nuestra comprensión de la promoción de la identidad nacional en estos sitios.Palabras clave: Monumentos Confederados. Museos de plantación. Esclavitud.
MEMORY, PATRIMONIALISATION AND CULTURAL POLICIES IN AFRICA - Entrevista com Ibrahima Thiaw
Authors: BARBOSA VIVIANE DE OLIVEIRA 
Published: November 2018

MEMÓRIA, PATRIMONIALIZAÇÃO E POLáTICAS CULTURAIS NA áFRICA INTERVIEW MEMORIA, PATRIMONIALIZACIÓN Y POLáTICAS CULTURALES EN áFRICA
Reconsider deschooling: Alternative towards more accessible and inclusive education
Authors: Soegiono Agie Nugroho , Anis Aulia , Maulida Saskia Rizqina 
Published: November 2018

This essay discusses deschooling concept as an alternative learning delivery method to achieve education for all. We argue that the deschooling idea, first introduced by Illich before the era of the Internet, has become relevant in relation to today’s education challenges. What we mean by deschooling in this paper is not the abolishment of the schooling system. Instead, the recall of deschooling discourse aims to provide more recognition of learning activities outside of the school setting. The learning webs, a key enabler in deschooling discourse, are realistic when implemented with the help of 21st century’s technology. The argument in this paper utilised an in-depth literature review and discourse analysis in the deschooling debate. To strengthen our argument, we have provided three case studies in the form of informal learning, non-formal learning and e-learning related to deschooling initiatives. Based on our findings, we can conclude that deschooling society is certainly viable. The principles used in deschooling, such as ﬂexibility, inclusiveness, adaptability and personalisation, are alternatives for everyone to have freedom of access, use, copy, and modify learning resources. We also found that there may be possible challenges, including the limitation of self-directed learning, the pitfall of institutionalised capital and a lack of social interaction.
Primary components in shaping koperasi masjid’s participation level: Employing a principle component analysis approach
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Sudiyo Sudiyo , Berliana Dayang , Yuniarti Evi 
Published: November 2018

Koperasi masjid present themselves as a part of muamalah through Sharia economic facilitation. This study was conducted to analyse the cooperative members’ participation level in relation to the implementation of a cooperative business program. A survey using a case study approach was conducted at koperasi Masjid Hafshotul Iman, Masjid Taqwa and Masjid Darul HikmahThe survey employed a purposive sampling method with the participation of the cooperative’s management (chairman, secretary, and treasurer) and the masjid’s members. Ten respondents were purposively chosen from each mosque and a total 30 respondents were acquired. The distributed questionnaire was a closed one, measured with a Likert scale. The results were analysed using factor analysis and the Principal Component Analysis approach (PCA). Based on the results of the factor analysis, the members’ participation level in cooperative service can be classified into three primary factors. Some of the variables displayed a strong correlation with Factor 1, namely motivation, management performance, RAT performance, and supervisor performance. The second primary factor was formed by activeness in participating in cooperative activities. Lastly, the third primary factor encompassed three variables with a strong correlation, namely age, education, and membership duration.
Anesthetics to Prevent Lung Injury in Cardiac Surgery (APLICS): A protocol for a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: O’Gara Brian P. , Subramaniam Balachundhar , Shaefi Shahzad , Mueller Ariel , Banner-Goodspeed Valerie , Talmor Daniel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass are at an increased risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications, potentially leading to excess morbidity and mortality. It is likely that pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury during cardiopulmonary bypass is a major contributor to perioperative lung injury. Therefore, interventions that can minimize IR injury would be valuable in reducing the excess burden of this potentially preventable disease process. Volatile anesthetics including sevoflurane have been shown in both preclinical and human trials to effectively limit pulmonary inflammation in a number of settings including ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, this finding has not yet been demonstrated in the cardiac surgery population. The Anesthetics to Prevent Lung Injury in Cardiac Surgery (APLICS) trial is a randomized, controlled trial investigating whether sevoflurane anesthetic maintenance can modulate pulmonary inflammation occurring during cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, and whether this potential effect can translate to a reduction in postoperative pulmonary complications. Methods APLICS is a prospective, randomized controlled trial of adult cardiac surgical patients. Subjects will be randomized to receive intraoperative anesthetic maintenance with either sevoflurane or propofol. Patients in both groups will be ventilated according to protocols intended to minimize the influences of ventilator induced lung injury and hyperoxia. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood sampling will take place after anesthetic induction and between two to four hours after pulmonary reperfusion. The primary outcome is a difference between groups in the incidence of inflammatory lung injury, defined by an increase in post-bypass BAL concentrations of TNFα. Secondary outcomes will include additional relevant BAL and systemic inflammatory markers and the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications. Discussion APLICS investigates whether anesthetic choice can influence lung inflammation and pulmonary outcomes following cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. A positive result from this trial would add to the growing body of evidence describing the lung protective properties of the volatile anesthetics and potentially reduce unnecessary morbidity for cardiac surgery patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02918877, registered on September 29, 2016. KEYWORDS Inflammatory lung injury, volatile anesthetics, cardiac surgery, postoperative pulmonary complications, TNFα.
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of Huang Qi Gui Zhi Wu Wu Tang granules in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liu Yang , Wang Yi-Ru , Xi Zhi-jie , Yu Yang , Liu Li , Mao Jian-chun , Xiao Lian-bo , Gu Xiao-hua , Yao Min , Cui Xue-Jun , Shi Qi , Wang Yong-Jun , Liang Qian-Qian 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by swelling, pain, and synovial damage. Effective methods lack in the treatment of RA. A traditional prescription in use for thousands of years in China, Huang Qi Gui Zhi Wu Wu Tang (HQGZWWT) granule is still chosen to relive pain and prevent joint malformation in RA patients. However, no evidence-based medical research has been organized to assess the effectiveness and safety of HQGZWWT granules for RA.
Methods/design: We will conduct a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to determine whether HQGZWWT granules can relieve pain and protect joints. We will randomly divide 120 patients with active arthritis for 3 months. Main measurements include ratio of 50 of ACR (American College of Rheumatology), change of DAS (28) from baseline to 3 months, and SHARP scores of van der Heijde from baseline to 12 months. SecondarymeasurementsincludeACR20, ACR70, Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI), arthritis pain score, and Patient Global Assessment of Arthritis. The time points are set as baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. In addition, the rate of change (score) in the ACR50 and DAS28 from the baseline to 2-week, 1-month, 2-month, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up are also the secondary outcome measures.
Discussion: The findings of this research will elucidate the efficacy and safety of HQGZWWT granules and provide an alternative treatment for RA. In addition, our data will benefit the clinical decision-making on active RA and possibly be incorporated into future guidelines.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03593837.

Keywords: Traditional Chinese medicine, Huang Qi Gui Zhi wu wu granules, placebo, active rheumatoid arthritis, multicenter, randomized controlled trial.
LESS IS MORE? – A PILOT RCT OF FLUID STRATEGY IN CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION
Authors: Ingelse Sarah A. , Geukers Vincent G. , Dijsselhof Monique E. , Lemson Joris , Bem Reinout A. , Woensel Job B. van 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Fluid overload is common in critically ill children and is associated with adverse outcome. Therefore, restricting fluid intake may be beneficial. This study aims to pilot the feasibility of a RCT comparing a conservative to a standard, more liberal, strategy of fluid management in mechanically ventilated (MV) pediatric patients with acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI).
Methods: This is a pilot RCT and feasibility study in a single, tertiary referral pediatic intensive care unit. Twenty-three children receiving MV for ARTI, without ongoing hemodynamic support, admitted to the PICU of the Emma Children’s Hospital/Amsterdam UMC between 2016-2018 were included. Patients were randomized to a conservative (<70% of normal intake) or standard (>85% of normal intake) fluid strategy, which was kept throughout the period of MV.
Results: Primary endpoints were adherence to fluid strategy and safety parameters such as calorie and protein intake. Secondary outcomes were cumulative fluid intake (CFI) and cumulative fluid balance (CFB) on day 3. In the conservative group, in 75% of the MV days patients reached their target fluid intake. Median calorie intake over all MV days was 67.8 [53.1-75.2] kcal/kg/day and 1.6 [1.3-1.7] gr protein/kg/day (no difference between groups). No adverse effects on hemodynamics or electrolyte imbalances were noted. Mean CFI on day 3 was 262.3 (±58.9) ml/kg in the conservative group vs. 360.5 (±52.6) ml/kg in the standard fluid group (p<0.001), which did not result in a lower CFB.
Conclusions: A conservative fluid strategy in MV children with ARTI seems feasible, without limiting metabolic needs. However, in our study a conservative fluid strategy surprisingly did not reduce the degree of fluid overload. This pilot study aids the design and sample size calculation of a future larger multicenter RCT, in which we need to redefine the target fluid strategy, possibly by even further fluid restriction and early initiation of active diuresis.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02989051. Registered 12 December 2016 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02989051
Fabry disease causes angiitis of the central nervous system:a case report
Authors: Kong De-Zheng , Lian Ya-Hui , Wang Lin-Jing , Wang Chun-Mei , Meng Yang-Yang , Zhou Hong-Wei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Fabry disease is very rare and often delayed in diagnosis. Described herein are Fabry disease causes angiitis of the central nervous system. MRI black blood sequence has a unique advantage in showing vascular wall. It can clearly show the angiitis.
Case presentation: A 27-year-old man came to our hospital for treatment because of "diplopia 6d". The patient was eventually diagnosed with Fabry disease causes angiitis of the central nervous system by a series of examinations. Then，we treated patient with hormones and the symptoms relieved. Two months later，the initial vasculitis was gone，but the new vasculitis appeared. Four months later，the last lesion disappeared，but the new lesion appeared.
Conclusions: This case prompts the clinician should use MRI black blood sequence scan in time when young patients have repeated strokes and the lesions are migratory. If vasculitis is found and other systemic lesions are combined，we should think of the possibility of Fabry disease.
Evaluating mechanisms of postoperative delirium and cognitive dysfunction following elective spine surgery in elderly patients (CONFESS): study protocol for a prospective observational trial
Authors: Müller Jonas , Nowak Stephan , Dewey Maria , Vogelgesang Antje , von Sarnowski Bettina , Rathmann Eiko , Schmidt Sein , Rehberg Sebastian , Usichenko Taras , Kertscho Harry , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Flöel Agnes , Schroeder Henry W.S. , Müller Jan-Uwe , Fleischmann Robert 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background
Elderly people are a rapidly growing proportion of the world's population that increasingly undergo major elective spine surgery. They are yet at particular high risk for postoperative delirium (POD), which is associated with longer hospital stays, higher costs, risk for delayed complications, long-term care dependency and cognitive dysfunction (POCD). It is insufficiently understood, which mechanisms and, particularly modifiable, risk factors contribute to the development of POD and POCD following these major but plannable surgeries. A better understanding thereof would help to adapt medical management and surgical strategies to individual risk profiles.
Methods
This is a single-center observational study that is jointly conducted by the departments of Neurosurgery, Neurology and Anesthesiology at a tertiary care hospital in Germany. All patients presenting to the neurosurgery outpatient clinic or ward for elective spine surgery are screened for eligibility. Inclusion criteria are age ≥ 60 years, indication for elective spine surgery, ability to give informed consent without assistance and speaking German natively. Exclusion criteria include presence of neurodegenerative disease, diagnosis of any psychiatric disease, medication with central nervous system activity (e.g. antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedatives), impossibility to participate in follow-up, participation in an interventional trial, presence of electronic or displaceable metallic implants and active neoplasm. All patients are evaluated for their preoperative cognitive abilities and physical, mental and social health and wellbeing. They additionally receive preoperative cerebrovascular ultrasound and structural and functional brain imaging. The immediate postoperative period includes screening for POD and the investigation of markers of (neuro‑)inflammation. Preoperative examinations are repeated three months postoperatively to investigate the presence of POCD and its mechanisms.
Discussion
This is the first study to prospectively evaluate risk factors for POD and POCD in spine surgery including comprehensive pre- and postoperative assessments of cognitive abilities, markers of (neuro‑)inflammation, cerebral vasculature and structural and functional neuroimaging. The identification of, possibly common, mechanisms underlying POD and POCD would be a major step towards the definition of effective interventional strategies early in or even before the postoperative period, including the adaptation of surgical strategies to individual risk profiles.