bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carpal Pronation and Supination Changes in the Unstable Wrist
Authors: Short Walter , Werner Frederick 
Published: April 2018

Background Little is known about changes in scaphoid and lunate supination and pronation following scapholunate interosseous ligament (SLIL) injury. Information on these changes may help explain why some SLIL reconstructions have failed and help in the development of new techniques.
Purpose To determine if following simulated SLIL injury there was an increase in scaphoid pronation and lunate supination and to determine if concurrently there was an increase in the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) force.
Materials and Methods Scaphoid and lunate motion were measured before and after sectioning of the SLIL and two volar ligaments in 22 cadaver wrists, and before and after sectioning of the SLIL and two dorsal ligaments in 15 additional wrists. Each wrist was dynamically moved through wrist flexion/extension, radioulnar deviation, and a dart-throwing motion. Changes in the ECU force were recorded during each wrist motion.
Results Scaphoid pronation and lunate supination significantly increased following ligamentous sectioning during each motion. There were significant differences in the amount of change in lunate motion, but not in scaphoid motion, between the two groups of sectioned ligaments. Greater percentage ECU force was required following ligamentous sectioning to achieve the same wrist motions.
Conclusion Carpal supination/pronation changed with simulated damage to the scapholunate stabilizers. This may be associated with the required increases in the ECU force.
Clinical Relevance In reconstructing the SLIL, one should be aware of the possible need to correct scaphoid pronation and lunate supination that occur following injury. This may be more of a concern when the dorsal stabilizers are injured.
Digital Artery Massage for Improving Ischemia after Distal Digital Replantation Surgery
Authors: Niimi Yosuke , Ito Hiroshi , Ikeda Karin , Kirita Miho , Hishiyama Junji , Sakurai Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDistal digital replantation is frequently associated with arterial thrombosis and/or spasm, leading ischemia in the replanted tissue. This report introduced a rescue technique for ischemia after distal digital replantation without reanastomosis. Two males, 64 and 51 years old, underwent Ishikawa subzone II finger amputations. Microsurgical replantations with vein grafts were performed. Intraoperatively, heparin and urokinase through intra-arterial infusion were given for one week. At 40 to 48 hours after surgeries, the replanted digits developed ischemia; massaging digital arteries at the proximal phalanx regions with running warm water was immediately initiated and ischemia was improved. In both cases, the replanted tissues were rescued, though a partial necrosis requiring full-thickness skin grafting was found in one case. This massage was easily, safely, and effectively performed without complications and was applicable in cases with ischemia after distal digital replantation, especially where reanastomosis was unfeasible.
Sarcoidosis Mimicking Skull Base Meningioma
Authors: Chaves Jennyfer Paulla Galdino , Mattozo Carlos Alberto , Maeda Adriano Keijiro , Filla Luciane , Piva Aline Kelly de Cezaro , Suzuki Thiago , Silva Larissa Luvison Gomes da , Francisco Alexandre Novicki 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by granulomatous inflammation. Pulmonary and lymphatic granulomatous involvement are common. We present a rare case report of involvement of the central nervous system affecting the ocular region and mimicking optic nerve sheath meningioma. We report the case of a 79-year-old female patient with progressive visual impairment with an evolution of 4 years. A magnetic resonance imaging scan of the cranium with gadolinium and intense homogeneous contrast enhancement revealed an expansive lesion in the right optic nerve, at the height of the optic canal. The patient was submitted to the neurosurgical approach with lesion biopsy, which showed sarcoidosis of the central nervous system. Due to the rarity of central nervous system involvement, the diagnosis of this pathology may unfortunately be postponed. The present article aims to elucidate this pathology as a differential diagnosis of retro-orbital tumors.
Zebularine exerts its antiproliferative activity through S phase delay and cell death in human malignant mesothelioma cells
Authors: Takemura Yukitoshi , Satoh Motohiko , Hatanaka Kenichi , Kubota Shunichiro 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an asbestos-related aggressive tumor and current therapy remains ineffective. Zebularine as a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor has an anti-tumor effect in several human cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether zebularine could induce antiproliferative effect in human malignant mesothelioma cells. Zebularine induced cell growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, zebularine dose-dependently decreased expression of DNMT1 in all malignant mesothelioma cells tested. Cell cycle analysis indicated that zebularine induced S phase delay. Zebularine also induced cell death in malignant mesothelioma cells. In contrast, zebularine did not induce cell growth inhibition and cell death in human normal fibroblast cells. These results suggest that zebularine has a potential for the treatment of malignant mesothelioma by inhibiting cell growth and inducing cell death.
Effects of alcoholic beverage treatment on spatial learning and fear memory in mice
Authors: Hashikawa-Hobara Narumi , Mishima Shuta , Nagase Shotaro , Morita Keishi , Otsuka Ami , Hashikawa Naoya 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough chronic ethanol treatment is known to impair learning and memory, humans commonly consume a range of alcoholic beverages. However, the specific effects of some alcoholic beverages on behavioral performance are largely unknown. The present study compared the effects of a range of alcoholic beverages (plain ethanol solution, red wine, sake and whiskey; with a matched alcohol concentration of 10%) on learning and memory. 6-week-old C57BL6J mice were orally administered alcohol for 7 weeks. The results revealed that red wine treatment exhibited a trend toward improvement of spatial memory and advanced extinction of fear memory. Additionally, red wine treatment significantly increased mRNA levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in mice hippocampus. These results support previous reports that red wine has beneficial effects.
Clinical Referral Laboratories in Rwanda
Authors: Rusanganwa Vincent , Gahutu Jean Bosco , Nzabahimana Innocent , Ngendakabaniga Jean Marie Vianney , Hurtig Anna-Karin , Evander Magnus 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated the quality system performance in Rwandan referral laboratories to determine their progress toward accreditation.

Methods
We conducted audits across five laboratories in 2017, using the Stepwise Laboratory Quality Improvement Process Towards Accreditation checklist. Laboratories were scored based on the World Health Organization grading scale (0-5 stars scale) and compared with earlier audits.

Results
Between 2012 and 2017, only one laboratory progressed (from four to five stars). Four of the five laboratories decreased to one (three laboratories) and zero (one laboratory) stars from four and three stars. Management reviews, evaluation, audits, documents, records, and identification of nonconformities showed a low performance.

Conclusions
Four of five laboratories are not moving toward accreditation. However, this target is still achievable by energizing responsibilities of stakeholders and monitoring and evaluation. This would be possible because of the ability that laboratories showed in earlier audits, coupled with existing health policy that enables sustainable quality health care in Rwanda.
Police Stop and Search Within British Muslim Communities: Evidence From the Crime Survey 2006–11
Authors: Hargreaves Julian 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article discusses police stop and search within British Muslim communities and reports the analysis of statistical data collected by the Crime Survey of England and Wales between 2006 and 2011. The primary aim of the article is to determine the extent to which Crime Survey data support or challenge allegations of police discrimination against British Muslim communities. The context for the study is provided by criminological literature related to the policing of British African Caribbean and British Muslim communities. The article engages with the concept of ‘institutional Islamophobia’ and represents the first known study to model large-scale police stop and search data from British Muslim communities. Overall, the findings reveal a more complex picture of police stop and search practices within these communities than might be assumed from an uncritical reading of the literature.
Movements and geographic distribution of juvenile bluefin tuna in the Northeast Atlantic, described through internal and satellite archival tags
Authors: Arregui Igor , Galuardi Benjamin , Goñi Nicolas , Lam Chi Hin , Fraile Igaratza , Santiago Josu , Lutcavage Molly , Arrizabalaga Haritz 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
From 2005 to 2010, 136 internal archival tags and 29 pop-up satellite archival tags were used to track juvenile Atlantic bluefin tuna in the Bay of Biscay. Information from 15 pop-up and 5 internal archival tags was recovered. The analysis was adapted for a common treatment of both types of tag data, allowing classification of overwintering distribution patterns, fidelity to the Bay of Biscay feeding area, as well as of horizontal and vertical habitat utilization. Results show substantial geographic dispersion from autumn to spring, with high habitat concentration in the Bay of Biscay during summer, when bluefin tuna inhabit in the mixed layer. Of the individuals that left the Bay of Biscay towards the end of the year, a high percentage returned the next year, suggesting a strong fidelity to the area. Thirty-three percent of records during the overwintering periods revealed residency in the Bay of Biscay and surrounding areas. Half of the fish overwintered in the mid-Atlantic, near the Azores or Madeira Islands, while three (17%) made trans-Atlantic round trips, and one individual travelled to and remained off the eastern coast of the United States. These findings challenge previous assumptions regarding the seasonality and annual movements of bluefin tuna from the Bay of Biscay, while demonstrating extensive spatio-temporal dispersion.
A Pilot Study on Posterior Polyethylene Tethers to Prevent Proximal Junctional Kyphosis After Multilevel Spinal Instrumentation for Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Buell Thomas J , Buchholz Avery L , Quinn John C , Bess Shay , Line Breton G , Ames Christopher P , Schwab Frank J , Lafage Virginie , Shaffrey Christopher I , Smith Justin S 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a common problem after multilevel spine instrumentation.

OBJECTIVE
To determine if junctional tethers reduce PJK after multilevel instrumented surgery for adult spinal deformity (ASD).

METHODS
ASD patients who underwent posterior instrumented fusion were divided into 3 groups: no tether (NT), polyethylene tether-only (TO; tied securely through the spinous processes of the uppermost instrumented vertebra [UIV] + 1 and UIV-1), and tether with crosslink (TC; passed through the spinous process of UIV+1 and tied to a crosslink between UIV-1 and UIV-2). PJK was defined as proximal junctional angle ≥ 10° and ≥ 10° greater than the corresponding preoperative measurement.

RESULTS
One hundred eighty-four (96%) of 191 consecutive patients achieved minimum 3-mo follow-up (mean = 20 mo [range:3-56 mo]; mean age = 66 yr; 67.4% female). There were no significant differences between groups based on demographic, surgical, and sagittal radiographic parameters. PJK rates were 45.3% (29/64), 34.4% (22/64), and 17.9% (10/56) for NT, TO, and TC, respectively. PJK rate for all tethered patients (TO + TC; 26.7% [32/120]) was significantly lower than NT (P = .011). PJK rate for TC was significantly lower than NT (P = .001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant time-dependent PJK reduction for TC vs NT (log rank test, P = .010). Older age and greater change in lumbar lordosis were independent predictors of PJK, while junctional tethers had a significant protective effect.

CONCLUSION
Junctional tethers significantly reduced occurrence of PJK. This difference was progressive from NT to TO to TC, but only reached pairwise significance for NT vs TC. This suggests potential benefit of tethers to reduce PJK, and that future prospective studies are warranted.
Extrapolating the Limits of the Nasoseptal Flap With Pedicle Dissection to the Internal Maxillary Artery
Authors: Pinheiro-Neto Carlos D , Peris-Celda Maria , Kenning Tyler 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The nasoseptal flap is the main pedicled flap used for endoscopic cranial base reconstruction. For large anterior cranial base defects, the anterior edge is a concern for the nasoseptal flap reach.

OBJECTIVE
To present a surgical technique that completely releases the vascular pedicle of the nasoseptal flap from the sphenopalatine artery (SPA) foramen improving considerably the reach of the flap.

METHODS
A patient with left anterior cranial base fracture involving the posterior table of the frontal sinus, who presented with cerebrospinal fluid leak and contused brain herniation to the ethmoid and frontal sinuses. Unilateral endoscopic endonasal anterior cranial base reconstruction was performed with left sided nasoseptal flap. The nasoseptal flap pedicle was dissected and completely released from the SPA foramen. The flap was left attached only to the internal maxillary artery (IMAX) vascular bundle.

RESULTS
The flap covered the entire left anterior cranial base, from the planum sphenoidale to the posterior table of the frontal sinus. There was complete obliteration of the cerebrospinal fluid fistula postoperatively with resolution of the radiographic pneumocephalus and the patient's rhinorrhea.

CONCLUSION
The complete release of the nasoseptal flap pedicle from the SPA foramen is feasible and remarkably improves the reach of the flap. It also increases the reconstructive area of the flap since the entire septal mucosa can be used for reconstruction and the pedicle length is based exclusively upon the SPA/IMAX.
Phylogenetic Comparative Methods on Phylogenetic Networks with Reticulations
Authors: Bastide Paul , Solís-Lemus Claudia , Kriebel Ricardo , William Sparks K , Ané Cécile 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The goal of phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) is to study the distribution of quantitative traits among related species. The observed traits are often seen as the result of a Brownian Motion (BM) along the branches of a phylogenetic tree. Reticulation events such as hybridization, gene flow or horizontal gene transfer, can substantially affect a species’ traits, but are not modeled by a tree. Phylogenetic networks have been designed to represent reticulate evolution. As they become available for downstream analyses, new models of trait evolution are needed, applicable to networks. We develop here an efficient recursive algorithm to compute the phylogenetic variance matrix of a trait on a network, in only one preorder traversal of the network. We then extend the standard PCM tools to this new framework, including phylogenetic regression with covariates (or phylogenetic ANOVA), ancestral trait reconstruction, and Pagel’s $\lambda$ test of phylogenetic signal. The trait of a hybrid is sometimes outside of the range of its two parents, for instance because of hybrid vigor or hybrid depression. These two phenomena are rather commonly observed in present-day hybrids. Transgressive evolution can be modeled as a shift in the trait value following a reticulation point. We develop a general framework to handle such shifts and take advantage of the phylogenetic regression view of the problem to design statistical tests for ancestral transgressive evolution in the evolutionary history of a group of species. We study the power of these tests in several scenarios and show that recent events have indeed the strongest impact on the trait distribution of present-day taxa. We apply those methods to a data set of Xiphophorus fishes, to confirm and complete previous analysis in this group. All the methods developed here are available in the Julia package PhyloNetworks.
Extent and Role of Pharmacists in Expedited Partner Therapy in the US [18I]
Authors: Park Sharon K. , Wong Alexander , Elias Nahed , Diniz Clarissa P. , Coleman Jenell S. 
Published: April 2018

INTRODUCTION:
Providing prescriptions to sex partners of patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is called Expedited Partner Therapy (EPT). EPT decreases reinfection and further transmission, however barriers inhibit widespread implementation. We sought to identify pharmacy-level barriers to EPT by examining United States (US) pharmacists’ legal responsibilities and practices. We hypothesized that pharmacists’ EPT legal responsibilities would vary between states.

METHODS:
Laws, regulations, and guidelines from LexisNexis, Board of Pharmacy, and CDC were evaluated. Pharmacist responsibilities was characterized from Level A (pharmacists screen and prescribe EPT) through Level E (EPT not enacted). Descriptive statistics were performed.

RESULTS:
No state/territory was Level A. Twenty-three (46%) states/territories were Level B (EPT enacted and practiced, e.g. partner’s identification not required); 14(27%) states/territories Level C (EPT enacted but not fully practiced, e.g. partner’s identification required); 11(23%) states/territories Level D (EPT enacted but not practiced); and 2(3.8%) states/territories Level E. Oregon (Level B) has amendments and new laws potentially rising to Level A. Wyoming (Level B) implemented a state-driven EPT delivery system. Oklahoma, New Jersey, and Kansas (Level D) have pending bills. Kentucky and South Carolina (Level E) have struggled to pass EPT bills.

CONCLUSION:
Most states/territories permit pharmacists to dispense EPT at varying scopes of practice; however, no laws currently enable pharmacists to prescribe EPT. Pharmacists’ involvement in EPT, including the ability to prescribe, play a huge role in STI prevention and public health; thus, clearer and more permissive laws and regulations regarding pharmacists’ role in EPT are needed.
Primary shoulder replacement using stemless inlay arthroplasty as a joint preservation alternative
Authors: Davidson Philip A. , Rivenburgh Dennis 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Stemmed shoulder arthroplasties are being performed at increasing rates with loosening and revisions on the rise. Stemless inlay arthroplasty may be an effective alternative. Our purpose is to report 5-year results of primary joint-preserving stemless inlay arthroplasty.

Methods:
Twenty patients (22 shoulders), mean age 60.41 (range, 43-80) years followed for an average of 68.14 (range, 24-98) months were evaluated prospectively using the Constant, visual analog scale (VAS) pain, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), range of motion, Short-Form (SF)-36 Physical Component score (PCS), and Mental Component score (MCS), and radiographs. The Student t-test was used to compare mean differences from preoperative to postoperative with significance set at P<0.05 a priori.

Results:
Significant improvements were demonstrated: Constant (39.4-82.05, P<0.001), VAS pain today (6.2-3.2, P<0.001), VAS pain (activity) (7.7-3.4, P<0.001), VAS stability (5.3-1.7, P<0.001), SST (3.8-7.5, P<0.001), external rotation (33.7-47.04, P=0.04), and internal rotation (Constant: 5.3-7.1, P=0.008). SF-36 MCS (48-06-51.5, P=0.34), SF-36 PCS (37.4-42.6, P=0.065), VAS pain (rest) (3.5-2.7, P=0.4), active (118.4-124.3, P=0.63) and passive forward elevation (131.3-142.3, P=0.25) improved but not significantly. Follow-up radiographs showed no periprosthetic radiolucency, subsidence, or progression of disease. No revisions were attributed to failure of the implant.

Conclusions:
Stemless inlay arthroplasty is safe and effective, showing significant pain and functional improvements at an average of 5 yr. Inherent joint preservation lends itself well as a primary alternative for symptomatic glenohumeral degeneration.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, prospective case series.
Poxvirus-Induced Vascular Angiogenesis Mimicking Pyogenic Granuloma
Authors: Aşiran Serdar Zehra , Yaşar Şirin , Demirkesen Cuyan , Aktaş Karabay Ezgi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:
The orf virus, a member of poxvirus family, is a zoonotic parapoxvirus endemic in many countries, mostly seen among sheep, goats, oxen, and may be transmitted to humans. Orf virus infections may induce ulceration, papulonodular, pustular, or ecthyma lesions in the skin. Rarely, orf virus provokes extensive vasculoendothelial proliferation by encoding an apparent homolog of the mammalian vascular endothelial growth factor family of molecules. The vascular endothelial growth factor–like viral gene product is expressed early during infection and could be responsible for the induction of endothelial proliferation. Here, a 6-year-old male patient with poxvirus-induced widespread vascular angiogenesis is presented, which developed ten days after a thermal burn.
Using Stratum Corneum Thickness and Configuration to Distinguish Lichenoid Dermatoses
Authors: Marsch Amanda F. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Clues in the stratum corneum (SC) can aide in histopathologic diagnosis of many conditions.

Objective:
To determine if SC configuration and thickness could help differentiate the lichenoid dermatoses.

Methods:
A retrospective study was performed. A total of 305 cases (55 lichenoid keratosis, 51 lichen planus, 7 hypertrophic lichen planus, 40 lichenoid drug eruption, 19 lichenoid graft-vs.-host disease, 14 hypertrophic lupus, 46 lichenoid actinic keratosis, 73 lentigo maligna) fulfilled the selection criteria. Cases were digitally scanned using the 40× (0.23 μm/pixel) mode of a Hamamatsu NanoZoomer 2.0-HT Slide Scanner (Hamamatsu Photonics, Hamamatsu City, Japan), allowing for the creation of virtual (digital) slides. SC thicknesses and configuration were assessed for each case.

Results:
Mixed SC patterns were common in cases of lichenoid keratoses. Compact parakeratosis was the most common pattern in lichenoid drug eruption. Tiered parakeratosis was the most predominant pattern in cases of lichenoid graft versus host disease and lichenoid actinic keratosis. Hypertrophic lupus had the highest average SC thickness.

Limitations:
The sample size for cases of hypertrophic lupus and hypertrophic lichen planus was low.

Conclusions:
SC thickness and configuration can be utilized to help differentiate the lichenoid dermatoses.