bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of high spatial and temporal resolution Earth observations on simulated hydrometeorological variables in a cropland (southwestern France)
Authors: Etchanchu Jordi , Rivalland Vincent , Gascoin Simon , Cros Jérôme , Tallec Tiphaine , Brut Aurore , Boulet Gilles 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. Agricultural landscapes are often constituted by a patchwork of crop fields whose seasonal evolution is dependent on specific crop rotation patterns and phenologies. This temporal and spatial heterogeneity affects surface hydrometeorological processes and must be taken into account in simulations of land surface and distributed hydrological models. The Sentinel-2 mission allows for the monitoring of land cover and vegetation dynamics at unprecedented spatial resolutions and revisit frequencies (20 m and 5 days, respectively) that are fully compatible with such heterogeneous agricultural landscapes. Here, we evaluate the impact of Sentinel-2-like remote sensing data on the simulation of surface water and energy fluxes via the Interactions between the Surface Biosphere Atmosphere (ISBA) land surface model included in the EXternalized SURface (SURFEX) modeling platform. The study focuses on the effect of the leaf area index (LAI) spatial and temporal variability on these fluxes. We compare the use of the LAI climatology from ECOCLIMAP-II, used by default in SURFEX-ISBA, and time series of LAI derived from the high-resolution Formosat-2 satellite data (8 m). The study area is an agricultural zone in southwestern France covering 576 km2 (24 km  ×  24 km). An innovative plot-scale approach is used, in which each computational unit has a homogeneous vegetation type. Evaluation of the simulations quality is done by comparing model outputs with in situ eddy covariance measurements of latent heat flux (LE). Our results show that the use of LAI derived from high-resolution remote sensing significantly improves simulated evapotranspiration with respect to ECOCLIMAP-II, especially when the surface is covered with summer crops. The comparison with in situ measurements shows an improvement of roughly 0.3 in the correlation coefficient and a decrease of around 30 % of the root mean square error (RMSE) in the simulated evapotranspiration. This finding is attributable to a better description of LAI evolution processes with Formosat-2 data, which further modify soil water content and drainage of soil reservoirs. Effects on annual drainage patterns remain small but significant, i.e., an increase roughly equivalent to 4 % of annual precipitation levels with simulations using Formosat-2 data in comparison to the reference simulation values. This study illustrates the potential for the Sentinel-2 mission to better represent effects of crop management on water budgeting for large, anthropized river basins.
Multiple remote-sensing assessment of the catastrophic collapse in Langtang Valley induced by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake
Authors: Nagai Hiroto , Watanabe Manabu , Tomii Naoya , Tadono Takeo , Suzuki Shinichi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The main shock of the 2015 Gorkha Earthquake in Nepal induced numerous avalanches, rockfalls, and landslides in Himalayan mountain regions. A major village in the Langtang Valley was destroyed and numerous people were victims of a catastrophic avalanche event, which consisted of snow, ice, rock, and blast wind. Understanding the hazard process mainly depends on limited witness accounts, interviews, and an in situ survey after a monsoon season. To record the immediate situation and to understand the deposition process, we performed an assessment by means of satellite-based observations carried out no later than 2 weeks after the event. The avalanche-induced sediment deposition was delineated with the calculation of decreasing coherence and visual interpretation of amplitude images acquired from the Phased Array-type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar-2 (PALSAR-2). These outline areas are highly consistent with that delineated from a high-resolution optical image of WorldView-3 (WV-3). The delineated sediment areas were estimated as 0.63 km2 (PALSAR-2 coherence calculation), 0.73 km2 (PALSAR-2 visual interpretation), and 0.88 km2 (WV-3). In the WV-3 image, surface features were classified into 10 groups. Our analysis suggests that the avalanche event contained a sequence of (1) a fast splashing body with an air blast, (2) a huge, flowing muddy mass, (3) less mass flowing from another source, (4) a smaller amount of splashing and flowing mass, and (5) splashing mass without flowing on the east and west sides. By means of satellite-derived pre- and post-event digital surface models, differences in the surface altitudes of the collapse events estimated the total volume of the sediments as 5.51 ± 0.09  ×  106 m3, the largest mass of which are distributed along the river floor and a tributary water stream. These findings contribute to detailed numerical simulation of the avalanche sequences and source identification; furthermore, altitude measurements after ice and snow melting would reveal a contained volume of melting ice and snow.
EDUCAÇÃO, DEMOCRACIA E LAICISMO: ALGUMAS APROXIMAÇÕES ENTRE CONDORCET E HOLBACH
Authors: Primo Marcelo De Sant'Anna Alves 
Published: July 2018

Na“Primeira memória: natureza e objeto da instrução pública” das Cinco memórias sobre a instrução pública, Condorcet considera a educação em sua totalidade, afirma que ela está para muito além de uma instrução positiva, pois abrange todas as opiniões sejam de cunho político, moral e religioso. A liberdade de proferir determinadas opiniões acerca desses assuntos seria uma quimera à medida que a sociedade fosse o parâmetro do que as gerações seguintes devessem acreditar. Aqueles que ingressam em um meio social trazem consigo as opiniões que lhes foram fornecidas pela educação e não são mais livres, transformando-se meros reprodutores de seus mestres. Em seu escrito A Moral Universal, o barão de Holbach alinhar-se-á às teses de Condorcet sobre qual lugar deve ter o ensino religioso na educação pública. Defendendo que sob a tutela de autoridades políticas tirânicas, a educação só poderá ensinar aos guardiões das leis que estas sejam entregues aos caprichos da tirania, aos favores e às violências do poder, denuncia o oportunismo dos ministros da religião em ensinar a moral e imprimir os seus preceitos aos mais jovens. No que concerne à Filosofia e ao seu ensino o diagnóstico do Barão não é nada consolador: em contextos educacionais anti-democráticos e de desnaturalização pedagógica do homem, deliberadamente a Filosofia é proscrita, excluída da educação pública, ficando isolada, enlanguescendo-se à medida que é desprezada.
HABERMAS E A RELIGIÃO
Authors: Tomé Julio 
Published: July 2018

Neste trabalho tem-se por objetivo apresentar a teoria habermasiana da religião na esfera pública. Procura-se entender as relações dos cidadãos religiosos e não-religiosos, no pensamento de Habermas, em uma sociedade democrática laica e que garante a livre expressão religiosa, sem que a cooperação social e os pressupostos democráticos sejam afetados. Assim como, procura-se entender qual o papel das religiões e das tradições seculares nos Estados modernos de hoje. Para tanto, apresenta-se o papel da secularização dos Estados modernos; o papel que o direito desempenha no processo de mudança de organização social – a mudança de um Estado confessional para um Estado laico; assim como o papel comunicativo dos cidadãos e das religiões e como as religiões podem influenciar a esfera pública, para que esta seja uma expressão de seus ideais. Adentra-se na, já clássica, discussão Rawls/Habermas acerca do papel da religião na esfera pública, sobre o qual, apresenta-se as críticas de Habermas ao pensamento rawlsiano, sobre a necessidade da tradução de argumentos religiosos para uma linguagem neutra e razoável na esfera pública, sobre o qual, deve-se salientar que não tem-se como objetivo defender uma ou outra perspectiva, mas sim apenas deseja-se expor as ideias de Habermas e Rawls.
A ODISSEIA DE PLATÃO: AS AVENTURAS E DESVENTURAS DA DIALÉTICA
Authors: Filho Gerson Pereira 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTWe present in this review the innovative methodological proposal of the researcher and author Hector Benoit, from Unicamp, in his most recent work "The Odyssey of Plato: The Adventures and Misadventures of Dialectics" (Editora Annablume, 2017). This work is a resumption of another earlier publication ("Plato and the temporalities: the methodological question, Annablume, 2016), in order to propose a new path of rupture with interpretative modes, philosophical tradition. Guided by the idea that it is only possible to establish some Platonic exegesis and hermeneutics from the internal dialogic that is locked in the set of dialogues by the intertwining of its "temporalities," the author challenges us to face the difficult task of breaking with the dogmatic tradition, dualistic and idealistic in which many have placed the Platonic work, to rediscover in textual literality what constitutes the method of the philosopher of the academy, that is, the dialectic itself.KEY-WORDS: Plato – Platonisme – Dialectic - Metodology RESUMOApresentamos nesta resenha a proposta metodológica inovadora do pesquisador e autor Hector Benoit, da Unicamp, em sua mais recente obra “A Odisseia de Platão: as aventuras e desventuras da dialética” (Editora Annablume, 2017). Tal obra é uma retomada de outra publicação anterior (“Platão e as temporalidades: a questão metodológica, Annablume, 2016), para, numa apurada leitura dos diálogos platônicos em sua totalidade, propor um novo caminho de ruptura com modos interpretativos que se consolidaram na tradição filosófica. Pautado pela ideia de que somente é possível estabelecer alguma exegese e hermenêutica platônica a partir da dialógica interna que se trava no conjunto dos diálogos pelo entrecruzamento de suas “temporalidades” , o autor nos desafia a enfrentar a difícil tarefa de romper com a tradição dogmática, dualista e idealista em que muitos situaram a obra platônica, para redescobrir na literalidade textual aquilo que constitui o método do filósofo da academia, qual seja, a própria dialética.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Platão – Platonismo – Dialética - Metodologia
Variabilidade temporal do zoooplâncton no Sistema Estuarino do Rio Paracauari (Ilha do Marajó, Pará)
Authors: COSTA Kelli Garboza da , AZEVEDO Samara Santiago de , PEREIRA Luci Cajueiro Carneiro , COSTA Rauquírio Marinho da 
Published: July 2018

Coletas nictemerais foram realizadas em uma estação fixa no estuário do rio Paracauari (Pará) para determinar a composição e a densidade do mesozooplâncton (abertura de malha da rede de plâncton de 200 µm) e verificar a influência de alguns fatores ambientais sobre a comunidade zooplanctônica, nos períodos chuvoso e seco. Os valores de temperatura da água (28,5-29,4ºC), salinidade (0,42-3,14), oxigênio dissolvido (4,82-7,8 mg.L-1) e pH (7,02-7,29) foram mais elevados no período chuvoso. As concentrações de clorofila-a variaram entre 1,59-18,08 mg.m-3. Foram identificados 40 táxons, sendo 17 copépodos e 23 pertencentes a outros táxons. A densidade de copépodos oscilou entre 10,32-243,02 ind.m-3, enquanto que para os outros grupos estes valores variaram entre 2,51-1.039,19 ind.m-3. Pseudodiaptomus richardi, náuplius de Cirripedia, Tisbe sp., larvas de Gastropoda, outros Calanoida e Pseudodiaptomus gracilis foram os organismos mais representativos em termos de abundância relativa. Os resultados demonstraram que a composição e densidade do mesozooplâncton foram influenciadas pela variação sazonal dos fatores físicos e químicos da água em decorrência, principalmente, da variação na precipitação pluviométrica. Observou-se também uma maior dominância de indivíduos meroplanctônicos nas amostradas coletadas (como larvas de Cirripedia e Gastropoda), o que pode indicar processos reprodutivos de cracas e gastrópodes no estuário do rio Paracauari.
ENCUESTA: Estado Autonómico
Authors: Blanco Valdés Roberto L. , Canosa Usera Raul , Carreras Serra Francesc de , Cascajo Castro José Luis , García Roca Javier , Parejo Alfonso Luciano 
Published: July 2018

A la luz de los últimos procesos de reforma estatutaria se pregunta a diversos pro-fesores de Derecho Constitucional el juico que les merece este proceso, encabezada por la elaboración del nuevo Estatuto de Cataluña. También se plantea si tales reformas mueven a una modificación de la Constitución o si tal cambio ya se ha producido y ha sido encubierto. En cualquier caso descendiendo al terreno más concreto, se plantea el juicio que les merece la sentencia sobre el Estatuto de Autonomía de Valencia y se les solicita opinión sobre la esperada sentencia del Estatuto de Cataluña. Las cuestiones evidencian sensibilidades diversas, si bien parecen unánimes en cuestionar el sentido del nuevo proceso.In the light of the last processes of statutory reform we asked diverse constitutional law teachers the opinion that they deserves this process, headed by the elaboration of the new catalonian Statute. Also, it is suggested, if such reform moves to a modification of the Constitution or if such a change already has been produced and concealed. In any case, summing up, we asked the opinion that they deserves the judgement of the Valencia’s Statute and there is requested their opinion about the awaited judgement of the Statute of Catalonia.
Melanoma
Authors: Guterres Adam N , Herlyn Meenhard , Villanueva Jessie 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Melanoma is a lethal skin cancer that has steadily risen in incidence over the past five decades. Tumours exhibit high rates of somatic mutation largely attributable to UV mutagenesis. Historically, patients diagnosed with advanced melanoma had a poor prognosis. However, the development of targeted therapies for BRAF
V600
‐mutant melanoma and immunotherapies that block immune checkpoints has substantially improved patient outcomes. Although MAPK pathway inhibitors and immunotherapies have transformed melanoma treatment, substantial challenges persist. These include overcoming resistance to targeted agents, developing targeted therapies for genetic subtypes beyond BRAF
V600
‐mutant melanoma and enhancing response rates to immunotherapy.

Key Concepts

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a lethal form of skin cancer that originates from pigment‐producing melanocytes.

UV exposure is the primary environmental risk factor for sporadic melanoma development, driving extremely high rates of somatic mutation.

Germ‐line variants that increase melanoma susceptibility typically modulate pigmentation and density.

The predominant genetic subtypes of CM (BRAF
mut
, NRAS
mut
and NF1
mut
) share a common dependence on deregulated MAPK pathway signalling.

Other signalling pathways frequently deregulated include PI3K/AKT, CDKN2A and p53.

TERT
promoter mutations are present in most melanomas, enabling telomerase reactivation, deregulating telomere maintenance and promoting immortalisation.

Targeted therapies that inhibit MAPK signalling can elicit profound tumour regression in patients with advanced BRAF
V600
‐mutant melanoma; however, resistance typically develops and patients relapse within 1–2 years.

Immune checkpoint blockade elicits long‐term responses in a small subset of patients.

Combinations of targeted agents and immunotherapies are being evaluated to provoke more durable responses.
National Genomic Databases: Documenting Populations' Genography
Authors: Patrinos George P 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

National Genomic Databases are online repositories documenting the innate genetic heterogeneity of human population and ethnic groups. These include the incidence of genetic diseases among populations, their genomic variations spectrum in qualitative and quantitative terms, for example variant type, along with information as far as the causality of the said variant is concerned, and the respective allelic frequencies. These resources, although serve a very well‐defined niche of human genome informatics, have enjoyed an exponential growth in the post‐genomic era, and together with locus‐specific and general databases nowadays constitute an integral part of human genome informatics.

Key Concepts

In recent years, human genomics research has progressed at a very rapid pace, resulting in very high amounts of data production in many laboratories.

It is imperative to efficiently integrate all of this information in structured repositories to establish a detailed understanding of how variants in the human genome sequence affect human health.

National Genomic Databases are online repositories documenting the observed genetic heterogeneity of human population and ethnic groups.

The first National Genomic Databases that appeared online were the National Genetic (or Disease Mutation) Databases and the National Mutation Frequency Databases.

FINDbase is a comprehensive data repository that records the prevalence of clinically relevant genomic variants in various populations worldwide, such as pathogenic variants leading mostly to monogenic disorders, pharmacogenomics biomarkers and summaries of genetic diseases that appear in certain population groups, provided in distinct data modules.

National Genomic Databases can be really useful resources not only for population genomics but also for genomic medicine applications.

Existence of an ‘off‐the‐shelf’ web application for National Genomic Database development and curation allows interested users, with minimal or even no (bio)informatics background, either to start a new National Genomic Database or continue curation of an existing one.

Although there have been significant advancements in the field of National Genomic Databases, there are still limitations that hold back the fields that need to be overcome, being mostly the lack of adequate incentives for data sharing and funding.
A Deformable and Highly Robust Ethyl Cellulose Transparent Conductor with a Scalable Silver Nanowires Bundle Micromesh
Authors: Xiong Jiaqing , Li Shaohui , Ye Yiyang , Wang Jiangxin , Qian Kai , Cui Peng , Gao Dace , Lin Meng‐Fang , Chen Tupei , Lee Pooi See 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHuge challenges remain regarding the facile fabrication of neat metallic nanowires mesh for high‐quality transparent conductors (TCs). Here, a scalable metallic nanowires bundle micromesh is achieved readily by a spray‐assisted self‐assembly process, resulting in a conducting mesh with controllable ring size (4–45 µm) that can be easily realized on optional polymer substrates, rendering it transferable to various deformable and transparent substrates. The resultant conductors with the embedded nanowires bundle micromesh deliver superior and customizable optoelectronic performances, and can sustain various mechanical deformations, environmental exposure, and severe washing, exhibiting feasibility for large‐scale manufacturing. The silver nanowires bundle micromesh with explicit conductive paths is embedded into an ethyl cellulose (EC) transparent substrate to achieve superior optoelectronic properties endowed by a low amount of incorporated nanowires, which leads to reduced extinction cross‐section as verified by optical simulation. A representative EC conductor with a low sheet resistance of 25 Ω □−1, ultrahigh transmittance of 97%, and low haze of 2.6% is attained, with extreme deformability (internal bending radius of 5 µm) and waterproofing properties, opening up new possibilities for low‐cost and scalable TCs to replace indium‐tin oxide (ITO) for future flexible electronics, as demonstrated in a capacitive touch panel in this work.
Focused Ion Beam Direct Fabrication of Subwavelength Nanostructures on Silicon for Multicolor Generation
Authors: Garg Vivek , Mote Rakesh G. , Fu Jing 
Published: July 2018

AbstractColor filtering via interaction of visible light with nanostructured surfaces offers high resolution printing of structural colors. A novel approach for color filtering in reflection mode via direct fabrication of subwavelength nanostructures on high‐index, low‐loss, and inexpensive silicon (Si) substrate is developed. Nanostructures having a unique geometry of tapered holes are fabricated exploiting the Gaussian nature of a gallium source focused ion beam (FIB). The fabrication process is rapid and single‐step, i.e., without any pre‐ or postprocessing or mask preparation in contrast to previously reported nanostructures for color filtering. These nanostructures are tunable via FIB parameters and a wide color palette is created. Finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) calculations reveal that the unique tapered nanohole geometry facilitates enhanced color purity via selective absorption of a narrow band of incident light wavelengths and makes it possible to obtain a wide variety of colors suitable for realistic color printing applications. The proposed approach is demonstrated for color printing applications via fabrication of butterflies and letters on Si.
Microfiber‐Knitted Crossweave Patterns for Multiresolution Physical Kineses Analysis Electronics
Authors: Su Meng , Huang Zhandong , Li Fengyu , Zhang Zeying , Guo Yuzhen , Cai Zheren , Li Yifan , Li Wenbo , Qian Xin , Li Yanan , Zhang Xuesong , Song Yanlin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRapid advances in the design of flexible electronics have broadened the scope of wearable devices from perspiration analysis to cardiac monitoring that contains important clinical cues. To accurately predict the manifestation and progression of various diseases, it calls the ability to access human mobility for accurate analysis of physical kineses. One of the biggest challenges for multiplexing detection is the design of multiresolution sensors and the analysis of various and complex data. The mirofiber‐knitted conductive crossweave patterns are first proposed for fabricating multiresolution flexible electronics and the multifactor quantitative analysis method for monitoring whole‐body physical kineses. Microfiber‐knitted sensors with various crossweave angles have abundant resistive response information corresponding to different ranges of motions. The device and strategy will open up new applications for understanding the movement‐related health status and clinical practice.
A Metamaterial Route to Realize Acoustic Insulation and Anisotropic Electromagnetic Manipulation Simultaneously
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Song Gang Yong , Ma Hui Feng , Yang Jin , Cao Wen Kang , Xie Xian You , Chen Ping , Cheng Qiang , Wu Li Ting , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecently, artificially structured metamaterials (MMs) are proposed to manipulate the wave propagation behaviors in single physical domain. However, the multiphysics manipulation is rarely reported and remains a challenging issue to be investigated. Here, the design of MMs with simultaneous controls of acoustic and electromagnetic (EM) waves is presented. A double‐membrane structure is proposed to meet the need of acoustic‐wave insulation, and patterned anisotropic meta‐atoms on the membrane are employed to generate polarization‐dependent functions of EM waves. The designed structure is validated numerically and experimentally, suggesting a new route for joint modulations of acoustic and EM waves in the engineering.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Heck/Silylation Reaction for the Synthesis of (2‐Oxoindolin‐3‐yl)methylsilanes via Trapping of the σ‐Alkylpalladium Intermediates with Disilanes
Authors: Xiao Genhua , Chen Liang , Zhou Bang , Deng Guobo , Gong Jun , Liang Yun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed domino Heck/silylation reaction of acrylamides with hexamethyldisilane is presented. This transformation, which involves the formation of a σ‐alkylpalladium intermediate, allows direct access to functionalized (2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)methylsilanes in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, this strategy could be utilized for the synthesis of (2‐oxoindolin‐3‐yl)methylstannanes from hexamethyldistannane.magnified image