bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medium earth orbit optical satellite communication networks: Ground terminals selection optimization based on the cloud‐free line‐of‐sight statistics
Authors: Lyras Nikolaos K. , Efrem Christos N. , Kourogiorgas Charilaos I. , Panagopoulos Athanasios D. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a methodology for the generation of cloud coverage time series correlated on both temporal and spatial domains and the estimation of cloud‐free line‐of‐sight (CFLOS) probability for a single optical ground station (OGS) and a network of OGSs (multiple OGS) for medium earth orbit (MEO) constellation satellite communication systems is presented. Spatial diversity is employed as a mitigation technique against cloud blockage to increase the availability of an OGS network (OGSN). In the second part of the paper, an effective algorithm based on the ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is proposed for the optimum selection of OGSs forming an OGSN. The proposed algorithm takes into consideration the spatial correlation between the OGSs. In the simulation results section, a MEO constellation system with 12 MEO satellites has been assumed. The integrated liquid water content (ILWC) statistical parameters that are necessary for the CFLOS time series are taken from ECMWF Re‐Analysis (ERA)‐Interim database, European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Finally, numerical results for the optimum selection of OGSs using the proposed methodology are exhibited and commented. Interesting conclusions are drawn, and future work with technical challenges is briefly described.
Low‐Crystalline NiS Hybridized with BiOCl Nanosheet as Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Panpan , Tian Liangyu , Zuo Zhuang , Chen Ziyu , Huang Niu , Sun Yihua , Sun Xiaohua 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLow‐crystalline nickel sulfide (NiS) nanoparticles are firstly hybridized with single‐crystalline bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl) nanosheets (denoted as NiS/BiOCl) via in‐situ pyrolysis of a NiCl2‐BiCl3‐thiourea precursor at low temperature (250 °C). The idea involved is to combine the functions of low‐crystalline NiS for catalyzing I3− to I− and BiOCl nanosheets for offering fluent charge transport pathway. Especially, in‐situ hybridization leads to close assembly and strong interaction between NiS nanoparticles and BiOCl nanosheets, further enabling the synergetic electronic coupling between the two phases. As a result, the hybrid NiS/BiOCl film can catalyze the reduction of I3− at an extremely low charge transfer resistance of 0.21 Ω cm2, versus 1.63 Ω cm2 for Pt. When used as counter electrode for dye‐sensitized solar cells, device using NiS/BiOCl film as counter electrode produces a high power conversion efficiency of 7.88%, versus 7.35% for Pt under the same conditions. Furthermore, low‐crystalline NiS/BiOCl film can also catalyze oxygen evolution reaction with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.61 V vs. RHE and a Tafel slope of 113 mV dec−1, which is potentially useful for many operational clean energy devices. Our study thus provides new opportunities for the development of highly efficient hybrid electrocatalyst in a facile and energy‐saving strategy.
Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Oxidation of Ruthenium(III) Complexes Containing 1‐(Arylazo)naphthol Ligands Derived from β−Naphthol and Sterically Bulky Amines
Authors: Thirumal Muniyappan , Ramesh Madhan , Kaleeswaran Dhananjayan , Venkatachalam Galmari speac 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new class of ruthenium(III) complexes containing O, N donor functionalized azo derivatives were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were characterized by fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV‐vis) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectral studies. The X−ray crystal structure of one of the complexes [Ru(L1)3] 1 has been determined. The catalytic activity of the complex [Ru(L1)3] 1 has been studied for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds in the presence of N‐ Methylmorpholine‐N‐Oxide as co‐oxidant.
Hetero‐Diels‐Alder Reactions of α‐Nitrosoalkenes with Ferrocenyl, Hetaryl and Cycloaliphatic Thioketones
Authors: Mlostoń Grzegorz , Urbaniak Katarzyna , Zimmer Reinhold , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Heimgartner Heinz 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe in situ generated α‐nitrosoalkenes react with ferrocenyl, hetaryl and cycloaliphatic thioketones yielding 4H‐1,5,2‐oxathiazines as products of the hetero‐Diels‐Alder reaction. These products are formed in a perfect regioselective manner. A similar reactivity is displayed by a thiochalcone (1,3‐diphenylprop‐2‐ene‐1‐thione), and in that case, the [4+2]‐cycloaddition occurs also chemoselectively and regioselectively along the C=S bond acting as a heterodienophile. The stability of the 4H‐1,5,2‐oxathiazines depends on the type of substituents, and in the case of ferrocenylthioketones, the diferrocenyl representative is the reagent of choice. The replacement of one ferrocenyl group by an ethyl group leads to a dramatic decrease of the product stability. Sterically crowded cycloaliphatic thioketones derived from 2,2,4,4‐tetramethylcyclobutane‐1,3‐dione are exceptional dienophiles in reactions with trifluoromethyl‐substituted nitrosoalkenes, and in these cases, a remarkably stable 3‐trifluoromethyl‐4H‐1,5,2‐oxathiazine derivative was obtained. For the first time, perfectly stable and non‐odorous 2,2,4,4‐tetramethylcyclobutane‐1,3‐dithione was explored as an active heterodienophile for a two‐fold hetero‐Diels‐Alder reaction.
Piacenzian–Gelasian non‐marine ostracods from the Dunarobba Fossil Forest (Tiberino Basin, Umbria, central Italy)
Authors: Spadi Marco , Gliozzi Elsa , Medici Maria Chiara 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe taxonomy of some non‐marine ostracod assemblages from the Dunarobba Fossil Forest area (south Tiberino Basin, Umbria, Italy) is discussed, adding to the scientific understanding of Piacenzian–Gelasian non‐marine ostracods in central Italy and providing a palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the shallow coastal lacustrine environments of the Palaeolake Tiberino. The ostracod assemblages includeDarwinula stevensoni,Vestalenula cylindrica,Candona(Candona)improvisa,Candona(Neglecandona)neglecta,Candona(Neglecandona)angulata,Candona(Neglecandona)paludinica,Caspiocypris basilicii,Caspiocypris tiberina,Candonopsis kingsleii,Cyclocypris ovum,Ilyocypris bradyi,Ilyocypris decipiens,Cypris mandelstami,Zonocypris membranae quadricella,Potamocypris fulva,Cyprideis crotonensis,Cyprideis rectangularisand two new species:Hemicypris lomastroisp. nov. andParalimnocythere turgidasp. nov. In addition to widespread European species, the ostracod assemblages contain some rare species that were previously known from the Pliocene Paludinian Beds of Serbia. A cluster analysis applied to the ostracod frequency matrix has lead to the identification of four separate assemblages that can be attributed to several ecological niches, including emerged hydrosols, ephemeral coastal pools and a littoral lacustrine margin, which suggest a complex coastal environment.
Nucleation barriers for the cubic‐to‐tetragonal phase transformation in the absence of self‐accommodation
Authors: Knüpfer Hans , Otto Felix 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe austenite‐to‐martensite phase transformation is characterized by the creation and growth of small nuclei of the new martensitic phase. Within a geometrically linear description and including an interfacial energy, we show that the minimal energy scales likein the volumeVof the nucleus forwhen primarily only two martensite variants are present. This complements the findings in [Knüpfer, Kohn, Otto, CPAM 2012] where it has been shown that the minimal energy of the transient nuclei has the lower scalingif all three martensite variants are present. The higher scaling of the minimal energy is related to a failure of self‐accommodation. The proof requires new analytical ideas and tools.
Practitioners’ conceptions of ethical practice in social networking in career services
Authors: Kettunen Jaana , Makela Julia Panke 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article reports on a phenomenographic investigation into practitioners’ conceptions of ethical practice in social networking in career services. The results show that ethical practice was conceived as stemming from: (1) an information orientation, (2) a networking orientation, (3) an educational orientation, and (4) a collaborative orientation. Differences appeared along six dimensions including: approach, activities, level of usage, perception, strategy and ethical principles. The findings give us a more profound understanding of critical aspects that may have an important role in relation to further developments and the successful implementation of existing and emerging technologies in the career service sector.
Ixekizumab Improved Patient-Reported Genital Psoriasis Symptoms and Impact of Symptoms on Sexual Activity vs Placebo in a Randomized, Double-Blind Study
Authors: Yosipovitch Gil , Foley Peter , Ryan Caitriona , Cather Jennifer C. , Meeuwis Kim A. , Burge Russel , Bleakman Alison Potts , Lin Chen-Yen , Malatestinic William , Gottlieb Alice 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Introduction
Genital psoriasis (GenPs) is common and distressing for patients, but is often not discussed with physicians, and no previous clinical trials have assessed the effects of biologics specifically on GenPs and its associated symptoms.

Aim
To report results for novel patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for the assessment of symptoms and the sexual impact of GenPs before and after treatment in the IXORA-Q study.

Methods
IXORA-Q (NCT02718898) was a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of ixekizumab (80 mg/2 weeks after 160-mg initial dose) vs placebo for GenPs. Men and women ≥18 years old with moderate-to-severe GenPs and body surface area (BSA) ≥1% were assessed through 12 weeks.

Main Outcome Measure
GenPs symptoms were assessed using the 8-item Genital Psoriasis Symptoms Scale (GPSS), Genital Psoriasis Sexual Frequency Questionnaire (GenPs-SFQ), and Genital Psoriasis Sexual Impact Scale (GPSIS) (validation data presented in the supplemental materials), and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) item 9.

Results
For patients receiving ixekizumab (N = 75) vs placebo (N = 74), statistically significant improvement in GenPs symptoms were seen from week 1 onward (GPSS total and individual items, all P &lt; .005). Sexual activity avoidance owing to GenPs symptoms (GPSIS) decreased significantly with ixekizumab from week 4 onward (all P &lt;.005), whereas impact of sexual activity on GenPs improved significantly with ixekizumab at weeks 2–8 (all P &lt; 0.05). Ixekizumab resulted in significant improvement vs placebo by week 1 onward in limitations on frequency of sexual activity owing to GenPs (GenPs-SFQ item 2). Sexual difficulties caused by skin (DLQI item 9) decreased significantly with ixekizumab from week 2 onward (all P &lt; .001).

Clinical Implications
Both GenPs symptoms and impact on sexual activity improved rapidly and significantly with ixekizumab vs placebo through 12 weeks in patients with moderate-to-severe GenPs and BSA ≥1%.

Strength & Limitations
To our knowledge, this is the first phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial to evaluate the effect of any treatment on the symptoms and sexual impact related to GenPs. The study did not include an active comparator owing to the lack of any well-established treatment for moderate-to-severe GenPs, and the period assessed herein was of relatively short duration.

Conclusion
These validated PRO measures may aid in future clinical studies of GenPs and in facilitating discussions of GenPs symptoms and their impact between patients and clinicians.
Field Expedient Vasopressors During Aeromedical Evacuation: A Case Series from the Puerto Rico Disaster Response
Authors: Hardwick Jason M. , Murnan Sean D. , Morrison-Ponce Daphne P. , Devlin John J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionEmergency physicians are using bolus-dose vasopressors to temporize hypotensive patients until more definitive blood pressure support can be established. Despite a paucity of clinical outcome data, emergency department applications are expanding into the prehospital setting. This series presents two cases of field expedient vasopressor use by emergency medicine providers for preflight stabilization during aeromedical evacuation to a hospital ship as part of the United States Navy disaster response in Puerto Rico. A critical approach and review of the literature are discussed.Case ReportTwo critically ill patients were managed in an austere environment as a result of the devastation from Hurricane Maria (Yabucoa, Puerto Rico; 2017). They both exhibited signs of respiratory distress, hemodynamic instability, and distributive shock requiring definitive airway management and hemodynamic support prior to aeromedical evacuation.DiscussionThe novel use of field expedient vasopressors prior to induction for rapid sequence intubation was successfully and safely employed in both cases. Both patients had multiple risk factors for peri-induction cardiac arrest given their presenting hemodynamics. Despite their illness severity, both patients were induced, transported, and ultimately admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in stable condition following administration of the field expedient vasopressors.Conclusion:Field expedient vasopressors were safely and effectively employed in an austere field environment during a disaster response. This case series contributes to the growing body of literature of safe bolus-dose vasopressor use by emergency physicians to temporize hypotensive patients in resource-constrained situations.HardwickJM, MurnanSD, Morrison-PonceDP, DevlinJJ. Field expedient vasopressors during aeromedical evacuation: a case series from the Puerto Rico disaster response. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(6):668–672.
A dragon eating its own tail: public control of air pollution information in China
Authors: Ravetti Chiara , Swanson Tim , Jin Yana , Mu Quan , Zhang Shiqiu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper analyses the implications of government control over public information about air pollution. First, we model the incentives for a local government with control over the media to affect popular perception concerning pollution. We argue that biased announcements can influence the inflows of labour force in a municipality beyond economic factors. Then, we examine some evidence on information misreporting in the context of Beijing, China. We show that official air pollution announcements diverge systematically from an alternative source of information, provided by the US Embassy. The results point at a manipulation of popular perception consistent with the motives indicated in our model. Furthermore, using an original household survey, we examine whether the distorted public signal affects agents' behaviour. We find that households that depend upon government-controlled media are significantly less responsive to pollution peaks.
Weed Control and Selectivity of Pethoxamid Alone and in Mixture as a Delayed Preemergence Application to Rice
Authors: Godwin John , Norsworthy Jason K. , Scott Robert C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe evolution of herbicide resistance is making it extremely difficult for US rice producers to use chemical control on weed species such as barnyardgrass and red rice. To combat herbicide resistance, it is imperative that alternative herbicide sites of action (SOAs) be incorporated into rice whenever possible. There are currently no very-long-chain fatty acid–inhibiting herbicides (WSSA Group 15) labeled for use in US rice; however, pethoxamid is one such herbicide currently under development. If appropriate rice tolerance and weed control can be established, pethoxamid would represent a unique herbicide SOA for use in US rice. We conducted field trials near Stuttgart, AR, in 2015 and near Colt and Lonoke, AR, in 2016 to assess selectivity of pethoxamid and weed control alone and in combination with other herbicides as a delayed preemergence (DPRE) application in drill-seeded rice. Pethoxamid was applied at 0, 420, or 560 g ai ha–1 alone and in combination with clomazone, imazethapyr, pendimethalin, and quinclorac. Minimal rice injury occurred with any treatment assessed. A reduction in rice shoot density and plant height compared to the nontreated control followed the use of pethoxamid; however, no decrease in yield resulted. The highest levels of barnyardgrass control followed the use of imazethapyr at 91% and quinclorac at 89% regardless of the presence of pethoxamid near Lonoke; however, pethoxamid applied at both rates in combination with clomazone and quinclorac increased barnyardgrass control compared to clomazone and quinclorac applied alone. Near Colt, barnyardgrass control of 92% and 96% resulted from pethoxamid alone, averaged over the high and low rates. Based on these data, rice can tolerate pethoxamid when applied DPRE, and adequate levels of barnyardgrass control can be achieved at the rates evaluated within a program; hence, pethoxamid appears to be a viable option for use in rice to allow for increased rotation of herbicide SOAs to combat herbicide-resistant and difficult-to-control weeds.
A Hierarchical Statistical Framework for Emergent Constraints: Application to Snow‐Albedo Feedback
Authors: Bowman Kevin W. , Cressie Noel , Qu Xin , Hall Alex 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEmergent constraints use relationships between future and current climate states to constrain projections of climate response. Here we introduce a statistical, hierarchical emergent constraint (HEC) framework in order to link future and current climates with observations. Under Gaussian assumptions, the mean and variance of the future state are shown analytically to be a function of the signal‐to‐noise ratio between current climate uncertainty and observation error and the correlation between future and current climate states. We apply the HEC to the climate change, snow‐albedo feedback, which is related to the seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere. We obtain a snow‐albedo feedback prediction interval of (−1.25,−0.58)%/K. The critical dependence on signal‐to‐noise ratio and correlation shows that neglecting these terms can lead to bias and underestimated uncertainty in constrained projections. The flexibility of using HEC under general assumptions throughout the Earth system is discussed.
How Do Tropical, Northern Hemispheric, and Southern Hemispheric Volcanic Eruptions Affect ENSO Under Different Initial Ocean Conditions?
Authors: Liu Fei , Xing Chen , Sun Liying , Wang Bin , Chen Deliang , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCurrent understanding of volcanic effects on El Niño–Southern Oscillation in terms of eruption type and initial ocean condition (IOC) remains elusive. We use last‐millennium proxy reconstructions to show how volcanic impacts depend on eruption type and IOC. When the IOC is not a strong El Niño, it is likely that an El Niño will mature in the second winter following 79% (p < 0.01) of Northern Hemispheric eruptions and in the first winter following 81% (p < 0.01) of tropical and 69% of Southern Hemispheric eruptions. For a strong El Niño‐IOC, no significant El Niño will occur in the first winter after any type of eruption. The eruptions need to be large enough to cause these diverse effects. Our last‐millennium simulation confirms the IOC effect, except that a La Niña occurs in the first winter following most tropical eruptions due to overestimated volcanic cooling in the model.
Increasing Atlantic Ocean Heat Transport in the Latest Generation Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere Models: The Role of Air‐Sea Interaction
Authors: Grist Jeremy P. , Josey Simon A. , New Adrian L. , Roberts Malcolm , Koenigk Torben , Iovino Doroteaciro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent increases in resolution of coupled ocean‐atmosphere models have the potential to improve the representation of poleward heat transport within the climate system. Here we examine the interplay between model resolution‐dependent changes in Atlantic Ocean heat transport (AOHT) and surface heat fluxes. The different roles of changes in atmospheric and ocean resolution are isolated using three different climate models (The Centro Euro‐Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici Climate Model 2, Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model 3 – Global Coupled configuration 2, and European Community Earth‐System Model 3.1) and comparing runs in which (a) only the ocean resolution changes, (b) only the atmosphere resolution changes, and (c) both change. Enhancing ocean resolution from eddy parameterized to eddy permitting increases the AOHT throughout the basin, values changing from 1.0 to 1.2 PW at 26°N, bringing the AOHT into the range of estimates from the RAPID observing array. This increase in AOHT is associated with higher North Atlantic sea surface temperatures and increased ocean heat loss to the atmosphere. Increasing the atmospheric resolution alone has little impact on the AOHT due to regionally compensating changes in the components of the net heat flux. Finally, in a fourth experiment the impact of resolution changes in both components and the transition to an eddy‐resolving ocean is assessed. This additional resolution increase is accompanied by a further change in the AOHT and improves agreement with observations in the tropics but not the subpolar regions. However, unlike with the increase to the eddy‐permitting ocean, when the greatest AOHT change occurs in the subtropics and subpolar region, the most significant increase now occurs in the tropics.
Intracontinental Orogeny Enhanced by Far‐Field Extension and Local Weak Crust
Authors: Silva David , Piazolo Sandra , Daczko Nathan R. , Houseman Gregory , Raimondo Tom , Evans Lynn 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe accommodation of intraplate stresses in preexisting weak regions of plate interiors is here investigated using thin viscous sheet numerical models. The intraplate stresses are governed by multicomponent and multidirectional stresses originating at plate boundaries. The modeled scenarios mimic plate boundary conditions during the intraplate Alice Springs Orogeny (ASO), central Australia, and include (1) a northwest‐southeast zone of weak lithosphere within strong continental blocks to the north and southand (2) a principal south directed stress condition at the northern boundary that causes minor clockwise rotation of the northern block. Alternative tectonic environments are investigated in additional models that include (1) secondary compressional or extensional stresses acting at the eastern boundary, representing the temporally variable stress conditions during the Tasmanides Orogeny, and (2) an eastern wedge‐shaped zone of rheologically weak lithosphere, mirroring rift fill of the Irindina subbasin. Our results highlight that a low angle between major crustal features (e.g., orogenic elongation and preexisting regional structures) and the principal transmitted stresses is highly relevant in the concentration of elevated levels of differential stress and subsequent localization of deformation in plate interiors. Secondary stresses orthogonal to the principal acting stresses may introduce effects that explain the episodic orogenic activity in the case of the ASO. The combination of secondary extensional stresses at the eastern boundary of Australia and weak lithosphere of the preexisting Irindina subbasin strongly influences the observed spatial strain intensity, localization, and kinematics of deformation during the ASO.