bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric Comorbidities and Psychotropic Medication Use in Autism: A Matched Cohort Study with ADHD and General Population Comparator Groups in the United Kingdom
Authors: Houghton Richard , Liu Chuang , Bolognani Federico 
Published: October 2018

Psychiatric comorbidities and use of psychotropic medications are common among patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, most previous research used data from the United States (US) and few studies have compared medication use in ASD to control groups, making contextualization of results difficult. In the United Kingdom (UK), general practitioners play a key role in the management of ASD. We conducted a retrospective, cross‐sectional study over calendar year 2015, using primary care data from the UK. We identified a prevalent cohort of ASD cases (n = 10,856) and matched control groups of (a) general population (n = 21,712) and (b) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; n = 7,058) on age, sex and region. We described psychiatric comorbidities, psychotropic medications, and healthcare utilization in all three cohorts. Within the ASD cohort, we used multivariable logistic regression models to explore associations between patient characteristics and the outcomes of: any psychotropic medication, polypharmacy, and number of primary care visits. We used conditional logistic regression to compare the ASD and control groups. Psychiatric comorbidities were recorded for 41.5% of ASD patients; 32.3% received psychotropic medication and 9.8% received polypharmacy. Increased age and all psychiatric comorbidities (except conduct disorder) were associated with treatment use. Males were less likely to receive a treatment than females [Odds ratio (OR) 0.74 (0.66–0.83)]. ASD patients were more likely to take psychotropic medications than the general population [OR 4.91 (4.46–5.40)], but less likely compared to ADHD patients [OR 0.40 (0.37–0.44)]. Overall, rates of medication use in the UK were lower than those previously reported in the US. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1690–1700. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryWe used electronic medical records from the UK, to describe the amount of psychiatric comorbidities, psychotropic medication use and healthcare resource use in ASD. Around one in three people with ASD were prescribed a psychotropic medication, which was more than the general population, but less than for those with ADHD. Increased age, psychiatric comorbidities and female gender were all independently associated with psychotropic medication use. Rates of medication use in the UK were lower than those previously reported in the US.
Gestational age and socioeconomic status as mediators for the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on development at 6 months
Authors: Coles Claire D. , Kable Julie A. , Granovska Irina V , Pashtepa Ala O. , Plotka Larisa D. , Dolhov Victor B. , Wertelecki Wladimir , Jones Kenneth L. , Chambers Christina D. ,   the CIFASD
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundOf the many negative outcomes associated with gestational alcohol use, one that has received relatively little attention is preterm birth and its possible contribution to effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on development. To examine the increased risk for premature delivery associated with PAE and the joint influence of preterm birth and alcohol on child outcomes, analysis was carried out in a longitudinal cohort recruited in Western Ukraine.MethodsAlcohol‐using women and low or nondrinking controls were identified prenatally for a clinical trial of multivitamins and minerals (MVM) in ameliorating effects of PAE. Women were interviewed to provide information about medical and social status and other drug use. At delivery, information was collected about infant (N = 686) status including gestational age (GA) in weeks. Finally, 441 infants were followed to 6 months of age and cognitive (Mental Developmental Index [MDI]) and motor development (Psychomotor Developmental Index [PDI]) (measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second Ed (BSID‐II).ResultsSeven percent infants were born at <37 weeks GA. The odds ratio for preterm delivery for Alcohol Exposed versus Low/No Alcohol was 2.6 (95% Confidence Interval 1.37, 4.94) (p < .003); MVM supplements were associated with a lower rate of preterm delivery overall, but the relative proportion of preterm births did not vary by MVM supplement status between alcohol exposure groups. In mediation models of 6 month cognitive and motor development with reference to Barron and Kenney in 1986, GA significantly mediated alcohol effects (MDI: Z = −2.64, p < .008; PDI: Z = −2.35, p < .02) although PAE independently affected both outcomes (MDI: t = −5.6, p < .000; PDI: t = −3.19, p < .002).ConclusionResults suggest that PAE is associated with higher rates of preterm birth and that alcohol's effect on development in infancy may be both direct and mediated by shortened length of gestation.
Beton‐3D‐Druck durch selektive Ablage
Authors: Mechtcherine Viktor , Nerella Venkatesh Naidu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDas Interesse am digitalen Betonbau steigt rapide an, damit auch die Erwartungen an diese neue, vielversprechende Technologie. Die Methoden der digitalen Fertigung mit Beton gewinnen immer weiter an Reife, sodass weltweit bereits mehrere Pilotprojekte realisiert werden konnten. Jedoch sind noch etliche Hürden zu nehmen, bevor der 3D‐Druck mit Beton und andere digitale Bauverfahren in die Baupraxis überführt werden können. Eine der größten Herausforderungen ist die Erarbeitung einer praxistauglichen Vorgehensweise zur Festlegung, Einstellung und Prüfung der erforderlichen Materialeigenschaften von frischem und erhärtendem Beton. Die Schwierigkeiten bei der Gestaltung der rheologischen Eigenschaften von Frischbeton ergeben sich aus unterschiedlichen, zum Teil entgegengesetzten Anforderungen, die durch maßgebende technologische Schritte – Materialförderung, Formung, Ablage und Belastung durch darauffolgende Betonschichten – bestimmt werden. Zu durchdenken und neu zu definieren sind auch einschlägige Methoden der Materialcharakterisierung. Der vorliegende Aufsatz konzentriert sich auf diese Fragestellungen im Kontext der mit großem Abstand am häufigsten verwendeten digitalen Fertigungsmethode, nämlich dem 3D‐Druck durch selektive Betonablage. Die Gedankengänge, theoretischen Grundlagen und Empfehlungen hinsichtlich der Materialprüfung lassen sich allerdings sinngemäß auch auf andere Verfahren übertragen.
Validated spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of dapoxetine hydrochloride and dosulepin hydrochloride in their dosage forms using mercurochrome
Authors: Elama Heba Samir , Elsebaei Fawzi Abdalla , Ali Fatma Alzahraa Ahmed , El‐Brashy Amina Mohamed 
Published: October 2018

AbstractValidated, simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric methods were developed for the determination of dapoxetine HCl and dosulepin HCl. The spectrophotometric method (I) was based on a binary complex formation between each drug and mercurochrome (MER) in acetate buffer (pH 3.5) with maximum absorbance at 557 nm. Calibration graphs were linear over the range 2.0–20.0 and 2.0–24.0 μg/ml, detection limits were 0.23 and 0.41 μg/ml and quantitation limits were 0.71 and 1.26 μg/ml for dapoxetine HCl and dosulepin HCl, respectively. Spectrofluorimetric method (II) was based on the measurement of the quantitative quenching effect of each drug on the native fluorescence of MER at the same pH. Fluorescence quenching of MER was measured at 538 nm after excitation at 470 nm. Calibration graphs were linear over the range 0.5–10.0 and 0.4–10.0 μg/ml, detection limits were 0.17 and 0.12 μg/ml and quantitation limits were 0.5 and 0.36 μg/ml for dapoxetine HCl and dosulepin HCl, respectively. Statistical comparison of results with those obtained by reported methods provided good agreement and revealed that there were no significant differences in accuracy and precision between methods. The proposed methods were applied successfully to analyse commercial tablets and capsules containing the studied drugs.
Radiation effect on cathodoluminescence and thermoluminescence emission of Ca‐rich oxalates from the human body
Authors: Correcher Virgilio , Briatte Celine , Boronat Cecilia , Garcia‐Guinea Javier 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe radiation effect of luminescence emission of Ca‐rich oxalate biogenic materials (gallbladder and renal calculi) and a commercial standard sample (CaC2O4·H2O) is reported. The samples were characterized by environmental scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses, display complex cathodoluminescence (CL) and thermoluminescence (TL) glow emissions. CL spectra (in the UV−infrared range) displayed non‐well defined peaks, and exhibited emission at: (i) higher energies (300–490 nm) mainly associated with non‐bridging oxygen hole centers, oxygen‐deficient centers and peroxy intrinsic defects, regardless of the sample; and (ii) higher, narrow and sharp wavebands, in the red region, probably induced by the presence of traces of Sm3+ (4G5/2→6H9/2 transition) and/or Tb3+ (5D4→7F3 transition) only for mineral‐like materials in the human body. The UV‐blue TL emission showed low‐intensity maxima in which it was possible to distinguish at least four groups of components in each sample.
Moderating effect of mode of delivery on the genetics of intelligence: Explorative genome‐wide analyses in ALSPAC
Authors: Smajlagić Dinka , Kvarme Jacobsen Kaya , Myrum Craig , Haavik Jan , Johansson Stefan , Zayats Tetyana 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionIntelligence is a core construct of individual differences in cognitive abilities and a strong predictor of important life outcomes. Within recent years, rates of cesarean section have substantially increased globally, though little is known about its effect on neurodevelopmental trajectories. Thus, we aimed to investigate the influence of delivery by cesarean section on the genetics of intelligence in children.MethodsParticipants were recruited through the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Intelligence was measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Genotyping was performed using the Illumina Human Hap 550 quad genome‐wide SNP genotyping platform and was followed by imputation using MACH software. Genome‐wide interaction analyses were conducted using linear regression.ResultsA total of 2,421 children and 2,141,747 SNPs were subjected to the genome‐wide interaction analyses. No variant reached genome‐wide significance. The strongest interaction was observed at rs17800861 in the GRIN2A gene (β = −3.43, 95% CI = −4.74 to −2.12, p = 2.98E−07). This variant is predicted to be located within active chromatin compartments in the hippocampus and may influence binding of the NF‐kappaB transcription factor.ConclusionsOur results may indicate that mode of delivery might have a moderating effect on genetic disposition of intelligence in children. Studies of considerable sizes (>10,000) are likely required to more robustly detect variants governing such interaction. In summary, the presented findings prompt the need for further studies aimed at increasing our understanding of effects various modes of delivery may have on health outcomes in children.
Infusions of scopolamine in dorsal hippocampus reduce anticipatory responding in an appetitive trace conditioning procedure
Authors: Pezze Marie A. , Marshall Hayley J. , Cassaday Helen J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionTrace conditioning is impaired by lesions to dorsal hippocampus, as well as by treatment with the muscarinic acetylcholine antagonist scopolamine. However, the role of muscarinic receptors within hippocampus has received little attention.MethodsThe present study examined the effects of intra‐hippocampal infusion of scopolamine (30 µg/side) in an appetitive (2 vs. 10 s) trace conditioning procedure using sucrose pellets as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Locomotor activity (LMA) was examined in a different apparatus.ResultsIntra‐hippocampal scopolamine reduced responding to the 2 s trace conditioned stimulus (CS). Intra‐hippocampal scopolamine similarly depressed responding within the inter‐stimulus interval (ISI) at both 2 and 10 s trace intervals, but there was no such effect in the inter‐trial interval. There was also some overall reduction in responding when the US was delivered; significant at the 10 s but not at the 2 s trace interval. A similar pattern of results to that seen in response to the CS during acquisition was shown drug‐free (in the 5 s post‐CS) in the extinction tests of conditioned responding. LMA was increased under scopolamine.ConclusionsThe results suggest that nonspecific changes in activity or motivation to respond for the US cannot explain the reduction in trace conditioning as measured by reduced CS responding and in the ISI. Rather, the findings of the present study point to the importance of associative aspects of the task in determining its sensitivity to the effects of scopolamine, suggesting that muscarinic receptors in the hippocampus are important modulators of short‐term working memory.
The efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients with white matter hyperintensity
Authors: Liu Yanyan , Zhang Min , Bao Hanmo , Zhang Zhixiang , Mei Yuqing , Yun Wenwei , Zhou Xianju 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe aimed to investigate effects of deep white matter hyperintensity (DWMH) and periventricular hyperintensity (PVH) on the efficacy of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).MethodsA total of 113 AIS patients with WMH were categorized into the PVH group and the DWMH group according to the lesion location, with the division of two subgroups based on whether or not they received IVT treatment: the thrombolysis group and the control group. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used for proportional hazards of recurrent stroke. Further, multivariate Cox regression analysis was employed.ResultsOf total patients, there were 62 PVH patients and 51 DWMH patients: 27 of PVH patients and 22 of DWMH patients received IVT, and the remaining patients only received routine treatment. DWMH patients had a higher risk of END (36.4% vs. 11.1%; p = 0.034) and HT (22.7% vs. 3.7%; p = 0.038) than PVH patients in the thrombolysis group. Moreover, DWMH patients undergoing IVT also had a higher risk of END (36.4% vs. 10.3%; x2 = 5.050; p = 0.025) and HT (22.7% vs. 3.4%; x2 = 4.664; p = 0.031) than DWMH patients without IVT. Again, PVH patients had a higher rate of recurrent stroke (20.0% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.034) than DWMH patients in the control group after 90‐day follow‐up. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant difference in cumulative probability of no major endpoint events (p = 0.039). Further, multivariate Cox regression revealed that PVH is an independent risk factor for stroke recurrence in AIS patients after adjusting confounding factors.ConclusionsThe location of WMH is closely associated with the efficacy of IVT in AIS patients.
A word of caution using self‐expanding transcatheter aortic valve‐frame infolding
Authors: Ben‐Dor Itsik , Rogers Toby , Satler Lowell F. , Waksman Ron 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacement has become a mainstay alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with severe aortic stenosis at high and intermediate surgical risk. Two commercially approved valves are available in the United States: balloon‐expandable and self‐expanding. We report here a rare complication of a self‐expanding Evolut PRO (Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota) valve failing to expand due to nitinol frame infolding. This results in a malopposed valve with a severe paravalvular leak, even though treated successfully with balloon valvuloplasty. It is important to recognize the characteristic angiographic signature of this complication—the “straight line” sign—and how to avoid this potentially serious complication by balloon valvuloplasty or by recapture and deployment of a new valve.
Pulmonary veins isolation to retard pacemaker implantation
Authors: van der Haert Laurence , Blommaert Dominique 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageSick sinus syndrome is uncommon in children, and syndromic forms are rare. Some forms of sick sinus syndrome like the bradycardia‐tachycardia type could be managed by a radiofrequency ablation, even in young children, and could be helpful to delay the implantation of a pacemaker.
Two cases of microvillous inclusion disease caused by novel mutations in MYO5B gene
Authors: Comegna Marika , Amato Felice , Liguori Renato , Berni Canani Roberto , Spagnuolo Maria Immacolata , Morroni Manrico , Guarino Alfredo , Castaldo Giuseppe 
Published: October 2018

Key Clinical MessageMicrovillous inclusion disease (MVID) typically appears with severe chronic diarrhea in the few days after birth and rapidly causes dehydration and metabolic acidosis. In this context, presenting two novel cases, we underline the crucial importance of mutation analysis for the diagnosis of this disease that may be easily misdiagnosed.
Facile Solvent‐free Synthesis of Hollow Fiber Catalyst Assembled by c–axis Oriented ZSM‐5 Crystals
Authors: Yu Xing , Zhou Cunhui , Chen Xinqing , Gao Peng , Qiu Minghuang , Xue Wenjie , Yang Chengguang , Zhao Hanqin , Liu Hongjiang , Liu Ziyu , Sun Yuhan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWell crystallized hollow fibers assembled by c‐axis oriented ZSM‐5 crystals were successfully synthesized via a facile one‐pot solvent‐free route, using quartz fiber as silicon substrate and NH4HCO3 as the growing inhibitor on the crystal faces. The immigration of silica inside the quartz fibers formed the hollow morphology and the shell of hollow fiber was composed by the ZSM‐5 crystals. In addition, the length of c‐axis of ZSM‐5 could be controlled by the amount of NH4HCO3, which selectively inhibited the growth on (010) surface. The obtained ZSM‐5 hollow fibers gave a hierarchical structures composed by micro‐, meso‐ and macropores. Catalytic tests for methanol to gasoline (MTG) revealed that the resultant ZSM‐5 hollow fiber exhibited excellent performance with higher C5+ selectivity and longer lifetime due to the improved mass transfer inside the unique hollow fiber structure.
Unique Superparamagnetic‐like Behavior Observed in Non‐π‐delocalized Nitroxide Diradical Compounds Showing Discotic Liquid Crystalline Phase
Authors: Takemoto Yusa , Zaytseva Elena , Suzuki Katsuaki , Yoshioka Naoki , Takanishi Yoichi , Funahashi Masahiro , Uchida Yoshiaki , Akita Takuya , Park Jayeong , Sato Shuichi , Clevers Simon , Coquerel Gérard , Mazhukin Dmitrii G. , Shimono Satoshi , Sugiyama Masahito , Takahashi Hiroki , Yamauchi Jun , Tamura Rui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA unique superparamagnetic‐like behavior and a large “positive magneto‐LC effect” were observed in the solid phases and the hexagonal columnar (Colh) liquid crystalline (LC) phase, respectively, of novel achiral non‐π‐delocalized nitroxide diradical compounds (R,S)‐1, which showed polymorphism in the solid phases (solids I and II). The SQUID magnetization measurement revealed that (1) (R,S)‐1 containing a small amount of racemic diastereomers (R*,R*)‐1 possessed an unusual and large temperature‐independent magnetic susceptibility (χTIM>0) component in the original nanocrystalline solid I that was responsible for the observed superparamagnetic‐like behavior under low magnetic fields and did not arise from the contamination by extrinsic magnetic metal or metal ion impurities, besides ordinary temperature‐dependent paramagnetic susceptibility (χpara>0) and temperature‐independent diamagnetic susceptibility (χdia<0) components, (2) a large increase in molar magnetic susceptibility (χM) (positive magneto‐LC effect) that occurred at the solid I‐to‐liquid crystal transition upon heating was preserved as an additional χTIM increase in the resulting polymorphic nanocrystalline solid II by cooling, and (3) such unique magnetic phenomena were induced by thermal processing for (R,S)‐1 or by adding a small amount of (R*,R*)‐1 to (R,S)‐1 as the impurity.
Charge‐Transfer versus Charge‐Separated Triplet Excited States of [ReI(dmp)(CO)3(His124)(Trp122)]+ in Water and in Modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurin Protein
Authors: Marazzi Marco , Gattuso Hugo , Fumanal Maria , Daniel Chantal , Monari Antonio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA computational investigation of the triplet excited states of a rhenium complex electronically coupled with a tryptophan side chain and bound to an azurin protein is presented. In particular, by using high‐level molecular modeling, evidence is provided for how the electronic properties of the excited‐state manifolds strongly depend on coupling with the environment. Indeed, only upon explicitly taking into account the protein environment can two stable triplet states of metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer or charge‐separated nature be recovered. In addition, it is also demonstrated how the rhenium complex plus tryptophan system in an aqueous environment experiences too much flexibility, which prevents the two chromophores from being electronically coupled. This occurrence disables the formation of a charge‐separated state. The successful strategy requires a multiscale approach of combining molecular dynamics and quantum chemistry. In this context, the strategy used to parameterize the force fields for the electronic triplet states of the metal complex is also presented.
The Role of Bridging Water and Hydrogen Bonding as Key Determinants of Noncovalent Protein–Carbohydrate Recognition
Authors: Ruvinsky Anatoly M. , Aloni Ishita , Cappel Daniel , Higgs Chris , Marshall Kyle , Rotkiewicz Piotr , Repasky Matt , Feher Victoria A. , Feyfant Eric , Hessler Gerhard , Matter Hans 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMechanisms of protein–carbohydrate recognition attract a lot of interest due to their roles in various cellular processes and metabolism disorders. We have performed a large‐scale analysis of protein structures solved in complex with glucose, galactose and their substituted analogues. We found that, on average, sugar molecules establish five hydrogen bonds (HBs) in the binding site, including one to three HBs with bridging water molecules. The free energy contribution of bridging and direct HBs was estimated using the free energy perturbation (FEP+) methodology for mono‐ and disaccharides that bind to l‐ABP, ttGBP, TrmB, hGalectin‐1 and hGalectin‐3. We show that removing hydroxy groups that are engaged in direct HBs with the charged groups of Asp, Arg and Glu residues, protein backbone amide or buried water dramatically decreases binding affinity. In contrast, all solvent‐exposed hydroxy groups and hydroxy groups engaged in HBs with the solvent‐exposed bridging water molecules contribute weakly to binding affinity and so can be replaced to optimize ligand potency. Finally, we rationalize an effect of binding site water replacement on the binding affinity to l‐ABP.
A Fluorescent Benzo[g]isoquinoline‐Based HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor for Cellular Imaging
Authors: Mayer Marleen , Fey Kerstin , Heinze Eva , Wick Christian R. , Abboud Martine I. , Yeh Tzu‐Lan , Tumber Anthony , Orth Nicole , Schley Gunnar , Buchholz Björn , Clark Timothy , Schofield Christopher J. , Willam Carsten , Burzlaff Nicolai 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProlyl hydroxylation domain (PHD) enzymes catalyze the hydroxylation of the transcription factor hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) and serve as cellular oxygen sensors. HIF and the PHD enzymes regulate numerous potentially tissue‐protective target genes which can adapt cells to metabolic and ischemic stress. We describe a fluorescent PHD inhibitor (1‐chloro‐4‐hydroxybenzo[g]isoquinoline‐3‐carbonyl)glycine which is suited to fluorescence‐based detection assays and for monitoring PHD inhibitors in biological systems. In cell‐based assays, application of the fluorescent PHD inhibitor allowed co‐localization with a cellular PHD enzyme and led to live cell imaging of processes involved in cellular oxygen sensing.