bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of genes in greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) treated by imidacloprid and RNA interference
Authors: Zhang Bai‐Zhong , Ma Kang‐Sheng , Liu Jun‐Jie , Lu Liu‐Yang , Chen Xi‐Ling , Zhang Shou‐Ping , Gao Xi‐Wu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDInsecticides act as toxins, inhibitors of digestion and deterrents, and affect the expression of many genes in insects. To assess key genes associated with the detoxification or regulation of imidacloprid in greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), the transcriptome and digital gene expression (DGE) profile were analyzed using Illumina sequencing.RESULTSIn total, 48 763 494 clean reads were obtained by sequencing. Expression profile analysis showed that 2782 unigenes were differently expressed between the imidacloprid treatment and control groups. After exposure to imidacloprid, the expression levels of 1846 unigenes were upregulated and 936 were downregulated in comparison with controls. Expression patterns of the top 20 highly expressed genes show that they could be involved in the detoxification of imidacloprid. Silencing of multidrug resistance‐associated gene (MRA), GATA‐binding gene (GAT) and takeout‐like precursor gene (TLP) resulted in increasing susceptibility to imidacloprid.CONCLUSIONSThe differentially expressed genes in S. graminum have potential regulatory or detoxification roles in response to imidacloprid. These results should be useful in understanding the molecular mechanisms of greenbug adaption to imidacloprid. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
In vitro nematicidal activity of natural and semisynthetic cadinenes from Heterotheca inuloides against the plant‐parasitic nematode Nacobbus aberrans (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae)
Authors: Rodríguez‐Chávez José Luis , Franco‐Navarro Francisco , Delgado Guillermo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDNacobbus aberrans (Tylenchida: Pratylenchidae) is one of the main plant‐parasitic nematodes species that affects crops in Mexico, generating substantial economic losses. Traditionally, the control of the nematodes is carried out using chemical products; however, research efforts are presently focused on the search for new methods for the control of this pest. Natural products derived from plants are an alternative for the control of populations of plant‐parasitic nematodes. The genus Heterotheca (Asteraceae) is characterized by containing sesquiterpenes with cadinane skeleton, and some species of this genus exert nematicidal activity.RESULTSWe determined the effects of selected Heterotheca inuloides plant metabolites and some semisynthetic derivatives on the hatching of eggs isolated from the gelatinous matrix and infective second‐stage juveniles (J2) of the false root‐knot nematode N. aberrans using an in vitro experimental model. Among the evaluated compounds, nematodes were more susceptible to hydroxylated and quinone compounds, whereas the remaining compounds showed moderate or no activity. The presence of the hydroxyl group is essential for nematicidal potential, with changes at the hydroxyl group modifying the nematicidal activity.CONCLUSIONFlowers of Heterotheca inuloides contain bioactive compounds that showed nematicidal activity against N. aberrans. Here we report the nematicidal activities of cadinenes isolated from the flowers of H. inuloides and their semisynthetic derivatives against the false root‐knot nematode N. aberrans. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Removal Efficacy of Opportunistic Pathogens and Bacterial Community Dynamics in Two Drinking Water Treatment Trains
Authors: Wang Hong , Xu Jiajiong , Tang Wei , Li Huan , Xia Siqing , Zhao Jianfu , Zhang Weixian , Yang Yang 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDrinking water treatment processes (DWTPs) impact pathogen colonization and microbial communities in finished water; however, their efficacies against opportunistic pathogens are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of treatment steps on the removal of Legionella spp., Legionella pneumophila, nontuberculous mycobacteria, Mycobacterium avium, and two amoeba hosts (Vermamoeba vermiformis, Acanthamoeba) are evaluated in two parallel trains of DWTPs equipped with different pretreatment units. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrates significantly reduced numbers of total bacteria, Legionella, and mycobacteria during ozonation, followed by a rebound in granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration, whereas sand filtration exerts an overarching effect in removing microorganisms in both treatment trains. V. vermiformis is more prevalent in biofilm (34%) than water samples (7.7%), while Acanthamoeba is not found in the two trains of DWTPs. Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes reveals significant community shifts at different treatment steps, as well as distinct bacterial community structures in water and biofilm samples in parallel units (e.g., ozonation, GAC, sand filtration) between the two trains (analysis of similarities (ANOSIM), p < 0.05), implying the potential influence of different pretreatment steps in shaping the downstream microbiome. Overall, the results provide insights to mitigation of opportunistic pathogens and engineer approaches for managing bacterial communities in DWTPs.
Weitgespannt, gestapelt und hybrid – das Tragwerk des OYM
Authors: Furrer Reto , Kunze Matthias 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIm Norden von Cham (CH) entsteht bis 2020 das Kompetenzzentrum für Spitzenathletik und Forschung OYM. Das achtgeschossige Gebäude mit einem rechteckigen Grundriss von 100 m × 50 m und einer Höhe von 24 m über Terrain wird vielfältige eishockeyspezifische und disziplinenübergreifende Sport‐Infrastrukturen beherbergen. Der Herausforderung, den breiten Nutzungsmix in dem kompakten Baukörper zu vereinen, begegnete die Tragwerksplanung mit einer Kombination verschiedener Tragsysteme in den einzelnen Gebäudeteilen. Aus wirtschaftlichen und terminlichen Randbedingungen resultierte ein hoher Anteil an Vorfabrikation. Für die weitgespannten Tragwerke der „gestapelten” Eis‐, Athletik‐ und Dreifachsporthalle kommen Stahlrahmentragwerke mit Verbundecken zum Einsatz. Den Kopfbau kennzeichnet ein Skelettbau mit Elementdecken, Verbundträgern und Betonstützen, während die Tiefgarage sowie die aussteifenden Kerne und das Haupttreppenhaus als Stahlbetonkonstruktionen ausgeführt wurden. Diverse Sonderlösungen wie ein Stahlfachwerk als lokale Abfangkonstruktion des Unterkunftstrakts, der Einsatz von Slim‐Floor‐Trägern über dem Eingangsbereich und Zugstangen zur Aufhängung des Running Tracks ergänzen das komplexe Tragwerk. Die Brandsicherheit der Stahlbauteile wird mittels Kammerbeton, Brandschutzbekleidungen und ‐beschichtungen gewährleistet.
Wirklichkeitsnahe und vollständige Bemessung von Ankerplatten einschließlich der Befestigungsmittel – neue Bemessungssoftware auf Basis wirklichkeitsnaher Annahmen
Authors: Fitz Mario , Appl Jörg , Geibig Oliver 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die Anwendung der geltenden Bemessungsvorschriften für Befestigungsmittel, die in Beton verankert werden, ist die Annahme einer biegesteifen Ankerplatte, wenn die Beanspruchung der Befestigungsmittel nach der Elastizitätstheorie bestimmt wird. Jedoch gibt es hierzu keine klaren Regelungen, ab wann eine Ankerplatte als ausreichend biegesteif anzusehen ist. Die notwendige Überprüfung dieser Annahme am Ende einer Bemessung erfolgt demzufolge in aller Regel nicht bzw. durch sehr aufwendige Berechnungen von Hand. In diesem Artikel wird die Thematik umfassend beleuchtet. Es werden die aktuellen Bemessungsvorschriften für Befestigungsmittel in Kombination mit flexiblen, d. h. nicht unendlich biegesteifen Ankerplatten näher betrachtet. Darüber hinaus werden Konsequenzen aufgezeigt, die bei einer als vermeintlich biegesteif angenommenen Ankerplatte entstehen können. Schließlich werden Lösungswege aufgezeigt, wie der komplette Fußpunkt einschließlich Profil, Schweißnähte, Steifen, Ankerplatte, Dübel und Beton gesamthaft modelliert werden kann. In der Folge kann der Fußpunkt vollständig bemessen und über unterschiedliche Parameter optimiert werden. Die Autoren bedienen sich dabei der komponentenbasierten FE‐Methode. Wichtig ist, dass alle getroffenen Annahmen für die Bemessung der einzelnen Komponenten der vollständigen Verbindung sich nicht widersprechen dürfen. Hierzu war zum Teil weitere Forschungs‐ und Entwicklungsarbeit erforderlich.
Baulicher Brandschutz im Stahl‐ und Verbundbau in der Schweiz
Authors: Mensinger Martin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDer bauliche Brandschutz und die Heißbemessung von Stahl‐ und Verbundbauteilen besitzt in der Schweiz eine Tradition, die bis in die 50er‐Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts zurückreicht. Im Aufsatz wird ein Überblick über aktuelle Regelungen bezüglich des erforderlichen Feuerwiderstands, den Umgang mit passiven Brandschutzmaßnahmen sowie neuere Entwicklungen bei der Heißbemessung von Stahl‐ und Verbundkonstruktionen gegeben.
Rokumigan alleviates oxaliplatin‐induced cold hypersensitivity by suppression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8 and subfamily A member 1
Authors: Shimizu Kanako , Kato Yoshinori , Nakamura Hiroyoshi , Yamada Harumi 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAimOxaliplatin (Oxp) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is used to treat advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer. Oxp causes cold hypersensitivity in the acute therapy stage, however, by overexpression of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily melastatin, member 8 (TRPM8) and subfamily ankyrin, member 1 (TRPA1) ion channels, which sense low temperatures. In this study, we examined the effect of rokumigan (RG) on Oxp‐induced cold hypersensitivity.MethodsWe examined withdrawal response to cold stimulation and analyzed the expression of TRPM8 and TRPA1 mRNA in the 4th–6th lumbar vertebrae dorsal root ganglia of rats treated with RG, orally, at 1 g/kg/day for 12 days and Oxp, i.p., at 4 mg/kg twice per week, using quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe withdrawal response to cold stimulation at 4 and 10°C was significantly improved with RG–Oxp co‐treatment. Overexpression of TRPM8 and TRPA1 mRNA induced by treatment with Oxp was restored to a level similar to that of the vehicle group by co‐treatment with RG.ConclusionThe six herbs that constitute RG may potentially alleviate Oxp‐induced cold hypersensitivity. Further research is necessary to analyze the effect of each herbal component of RG on the expression of TRP channels.
Using Semantic Web technologies in the development of data warehouses: A systematic mapping
Authors: Gacitua Ricardo , Mazon Jose N. , Cravero Ania 
Published: December 2018

The exploration and use of Semantic Web technologies have attracted considerable attention from researchers examining data warehouse (DW) development. However, the impact of this research and the maturity level of its results are still unclear. The objective of this study is to examine recently published research articles that take into account the use of Semantic Web technologies in the DW arena with the intention of summarizing their results, classifying their contributions to the field according to publication type, evaluating the maturity level of the results, and identifying future research challenges. Three main conclusions were derived from this study: (a) there is a major technological gap that inhibits the wide adoption of Semantic Web technologies in the business domain;(b) there is limited evidence that the results of the analyzed studies are applicable and transferable to industrial use; and (c) interest in researching the relationship between DWs and Semantic Web has decreased because new paradigms, such as linked open data, have attracted the interest of researchers.This article is categorized under:
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Information Repositories
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Knowledge Representation
Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
Analysis of convective heat transfer in channel flow with arbitrary rough surface
Authors: Ahn Jaewook , Choi Jung‐Il , Kang Kyungkeun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe consider forced convective heat transfer in a channel flow with a rough boundary. The roughness of the domain is expressed as the product of length scale ε and arbitrary smooth function h. The boundaries of the channel are assumed as hot (top) and cold (bottom) walls. We derive an effective model reflecting the rough boundary effects, and analyze the average Nusselt number and wall laws (effective boundary conditions). Consequently, we provide the criterion for the shape of the rough boundary to enhance the heat transfer. We further confirm that the Robin–type effective boundary condition is sufficient to describe the effect of the rough layer on the heat transfer.
Our Rationale of Initiating Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma: A Proposal of Criteria for “Borderline Resectable” in the Field of Surgery for Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Matsuyama Ryusei , Morioka Daisuke , Mori Ryutaro , Yabushita Yasuhiro , Hiratani Seigo , Ota Yohei , Kumamoto Takafumi , Endo Itaru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe concept of “borderline resectable” was recently introduced to the field of surgery for pancreatic cancer, and surgical outcomes for this disease with extremely dismal prognosis have improved since the introduction of this concept. However, no such concept has yet been introduced to the field of surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCca).AimTo determine a definition and criteria for “borderline resectable” in the field of surgery for HCca.Patients and methodsRetrospective analysis of 88 patients undergoing curative‐intent surgery for HCca at our institution between May 1992 and December 2008 to clarify independent prognostic factors.ResultsSurvival outcomes were obtained for these 88 patients, with a 5‐year overall survival rate of 31.8%. Independent factors predictive of cancer death were determined by multivariate analysis to be the presence of regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) and pathological confirmed vascular invasion (VI). Cumulative survival rates of 23 patients with both LNM and VI who underwent surgery were significantly worse than those of the remaining 65 surgically treated patients and similar to those of 26 patients who were considered to have unresectable disease and treated with non‐surgical multidisciplinary treatment during the same study period.ConclusionOutcomes of surgery for cases of HCca showing regional LNM and VI were no better than those of non‐surgical treatment for unresectable disease. Coexistence of these two factors indicates oncologically dismal condition and thus such cases should be considered “borderline resectable.” Treatments additional to surgery are required for “borderline resectable” cases to obtain better outcomes.
Regional and Multimodal Analgesia to Reduce Opioid Use after Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Narrative Review
Authors: Soffin Ellen M. , Wu Christopher L. 
Published: December 2018

Background Elective total joint arthroplasty may be a gateway to long-term opioid use. Questions/Purpose We sought to review the literature on multimodal and regional analgesia as a strategy to minimize perioperative opioid use and control pain in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods We conducted a narrative review to assess the state of the evidence informing opioid-sparing analgesics for THA and TKA. A PubMed search was conducted for English-language articles published before April 2018. We preferentially included well-designed randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Where the highest levels of evidence were not yet apparent, we evaluated retrospective and/or observational studies. Results Multimodal analgesia emphasizing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and acetaminophen is associated with decreases in perioperative opioid use for THA and TKA. Regional analgesia, including peripheral nerve blocks and local infiltration analgesia, is also associated with decreased perioperative opioid use for THA and TKA. Emerging topics in post-arthroplasty analgesia include (1) the value of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, (2) the use of peripheral nerve catheters and extended-release local anesthetics to prolong the duration of opioid-free analgesia, and (3) novel peripheral nerve blocks, exemplified by the IPACK (interspace between the popliteal artery and posterior capsule of the knee) block for TKA. Conclusions The use of multimodal analgesia with regional techniques may decrease perioperative opioid use for patients undergoing THA and TKA. These techniques should be part of a comprehensive perioperative plan to promote adequate analgesia while minimizing overall opioid exposure.
Thermal Stability of Rolled Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel 1.4307 Studied Using Positron Annihilation
Authors: Dryzek E. , Sarnek M. , Wróbel M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) was used in the study of cumulative isochronal and isothermal annealing of rolled 1.4307 (EN) stainless steel (SS). Due to different rolling temperatures, the SS samples varied in the α′-martensite volume fraction from 0.09 to 0.91. The measurements of positron annihilation characteristics, i.e., Doppler broadening (DB) of the annihilation line, showed a gradual annealing of vacancies in the temperature range between 200 °C and 400 °C, which indicated the first stage of recovery. This first stage of recovery did not change the microhardness. In the temperature range from 475 °C to 600 °C, a decrease in the microhardness and generation of new open volume defects accompanying the reversion of α′-martensite to austenite was observed. The amount of these defects correlated with the initial α′-martensite volume fraction. Their formation could be related to the volume contraction occurring during bcc/fcc transformation. The different chemical surroundings suggested that the positron trapping defects were associated with the metal carbide precipitates.
Government Responsiveness under Majoritarian and (within) Proportional Electoral Systems
Authors: Ferland Benjamin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractGovernment responsiveness to citizens’ preferences is considered a sign of a well-functioning representative democracy. While the empirical literature has grown significantly, scholars have given less scrutiny to the conceptualization of government responsiveness and its relationship to policy/ideological congruence. We show that government responsiveness represents dynamic changes from governments in order to improve policy/ideological congruence. In addition, we consider how electoral systems influence governments’ incentives to be responsive as well as their capacity to be responsive. Building on a veto player approach, we argue that government responsiveness decreases as the number of parties in cabinet increases. We examine government responsiveness to citizens’ ideological preferences in 16 advanced democracies in 1980–2016 with respect to social spending. In line with our veto player framework, we show, first, that governments are generally more responsive under majoritarian than PR electoral systems and, second, that government responsiveness decreases under PR electoral systems as the number of parties increases in cabinet.
Human Rights Under Attack: What Comes Next?
Authors: Ishay Micheline 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSamuel Moyn argues that the human rights movement, which thrived in the 1970s and peaked after the Cold War, became dominated by a misplaced focus on sufficiency rather than equality, ultimately abetting neoliberalism. He deplores the rise and fall of an egalitarian and redistributive worldview, from the Jacobin era to the slow decline of socialism in the twentieth century, culminating in ineffectual and unambitious human rights endeavors. Here Moyn cavalierly dismisses the enormous achievements of the human rights movement in many countries, overlooking the contributions of unsung heroes who fought for human rights at the peril of their lives. Even readers who share Moyn's political perspective will find little solace, either in the form of lessons learned or in forward-looking strategies for addressing socioeconomic inequity and other human rights violations of our time.
Particular Webs:Middlemarch,Typologies, and Digital Studies of Women's Lives
Authors: Booth Alison 
Published: December 2018

[H]e was enamoured of that arduous invention which is the very eye of research, provisionally framing its object and correcting it to more and more exactness of relation … to pierce the obscurity of those minute processes.—George Eliot,MiddlemarchIt would be hard to discover a theoretical or aesthetic approach to George Eliot'sMiddlemarchthat is not already anticipated in some way by the novel's sagacious narrator. Possibly that persona, the quintessential Victorian polymath, does not foresee digital humanities as we know it. But critics have been struck as much by Eliot's prototyping of information systems, semiotics, and network analysis as by her humanist ethics. Casaubon does not invent the database of myths any more than Lydgate discovers DNA, or than Marian Evans Lewes rivals Ada Lovelace and Charles Babbage. As I illustrate a kind of digital research that adjusts to the minute particulars of narrative, I hope to keep sight of historical distances between the 1830s, the 1870s, and the era of feminist Victorian studies that I sketch here. Lydgate's penetrative “invention,” in the epigraph, is associated elsewhere in the novel with his actual “flesh-and-blood” vitality: “He cared not only for ‘cases,’ but for John and Elizabeth, especially Elizabeth” (Middlemarch, chap. 15). He is as dedicated to evidence as the narrator, in many scientific analogies, counsels readers to be, and yet he approaches his own life story and the characters of women with a kind of prejudgment that filters out most data. Eliot's readers, seeing Lydgate's errors, are flattered into believing we miss no signals and see all analogies. Can contemporary readers appreciate both numerical cases and individual stories of women? In this article I try to outline a feminist criticism that encompasses both typological classifications and flesh-and-blood individuality, both digital research and interpretative advocacy.
Neural architectures for open-type relation argument extraction
Authors: Roth Benjamin , Conforti Costanza , Poerner Nina , Karn Sanjeev Kumar , Schütze Hinrich 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this work, we focus on the task of open-type relation argument extraction (ORAE): given a corpus, a query entity Q, and a knowledge base relation (e.g., “Q authored notable work with title X”), the model has to extract an argument of non-standard entity type (entities that cannot be extracted by a standard named entity tagger, for example, X: the title of a book or a work of art) from the corpus. We develop and compare a wide range of neural models for this task yielding large improvements over a strong baseline obtained with a neural question answering system. The impact of different sentence encoding architectures and answer extraction methods is systematically compared. An encoder based on gated recurrent units combined with a conditional random fields tagger yields the best results. We release a data set to train and evaluate ORAE, based on Wikidata and obtained by distant supervision.