bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It’s Not the Media, Stupid
Authors: Newton Kenneth 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt is commonly believed that the general public is heavily dependent on the media for its political news and views and that, as a consequence, the media exercise a strong influence over public opinion and behaviour. However, many millions in the Western world strongly believe things that are barely ever mentioned in the mainstream media, just as many millions also firmly reject or ignore some of the messages that are repeated incessantly by them. This confirms sixty years of experimental psychology research showing that most individuals are capable of preserving their beliefs, even in the face of overwhelming evidence, argument and logic to the contrary. Consistent with this, political science research finds little evidence of strong media influence on the party voting, political attitudes and election agendas of citizens. They have their own ways of gathering political information about the world around them, and they do not necessarily believe what they read in the papers, unless they are so inclined to start with. Consequently, media influences on mass opinion and behaviour are weaker than commonly assumed and, such as they are, their effects are more beneficial than harmful for democracy.
The urobiome of continent adult women: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Price TK , Hilt EE , Thomas‐White K , Mueller ER , Wolfe AJ , Brubaker L 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo characterise the bladder microbiota of continent adult women.DesignCross‐sectional study of adult women who contributed catheterised urine samples, completed validated symptom questionnaires, and provided demographic data.SettingUS academic medical centre.PopulationWell‐characterised continent adult women.MethodsParticipants contributed symptoms questionnaires, demographic data, and catheterised urine samples that were analysed by enhanced urine culture methodology and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Main outcome measuresAssociations between demographics and microbial community state structures (urotypes, defined by the dominant taxon of each specimen).ResultsThe bladder microbiota (urobiome) of a control group of 224 continent women were characterised, demonstrating variability in terms of urotype. The most common urotype was Lactobacillus (19%), which did not differ with any demographic. In contrast, the Gardnerella (P < 0.001) and Escherichia (P = 0.005) urotypes were more common in younger and older women, respectively.ConclusionsFor urobiome research, enhanced culture methods and/or DNA sequencing are the preferred techniques for bacterial detection. The interpretation of clinical tests, such as the standard urine culture, should incorporate the knowledge that some women have Gardnerella or Escherichia urotypes without evidence of any clinical disorder. Clinical care strategies should preserve or restore the beneficial effects of the native urobiome, as disruption of that microbial community could result in unintended vulnerability to uropathogen invasion or opportunistic pathogen overgrowth. Longitudinal studies of urobiome responses to therapies should be encouraged.Tweetable abstractIn continent adult women bladder microbiome composition differs by age, with relevance for clinical practice.
Do Medium‐scale Farms Improve Market Access Conditions for Zambian Smallholders?
Authors: Burke William J. , Jayne Thomas S. , Sitko Nicholas J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study is motivated by the need to understand how the rise of medium‐scale farms in Africa is affecting small‐scale farm households. Survey evidence over the past decade has shown a dramatic rise in the prevalence of ‘medium’ sized farms between 5 and 100 hectares, but smaller farms still constitute the vast majority of farms and rural households. Prior evidence highlights a co‐evolution between the concentration of landholdings, surplus production volumes, and entry of larger traders into the market. Whether these changes tend to impact on smallholders negatively, crowding them out of markets, for example, or positively, potentially opening new marketing channels, is an empirical question. Using a multi‐stage model for maize market participation in Zambia, we find that in areas where medium‐scale farms are growing, even the smaller farms are becoming more likely to sell maize, more likely to sell to the private sector, more likely to sell to larger traders, and expected sales amongst sellers are higher. On balance, the growth of medium‐scale farms and large‐scale traders seems to have positive spillover effects on nearby smallholder marketing options.
Sediment Availability and Erosion Rates on Off‐Highway Vehicle Trails in the Ouachita Mountains, USA
Authors: Marion Daniel A. , Phillips Jonathan D. , Yocum Chad , Jahnz James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractFactors influencing sediment availability are assessed and erosion rates are quantified for an off‐highway vehicle (OHV) trail system in the Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas. As of May 2012, the Wolf Pen Gap trail system included 77.0 km of "trails" which consist of county roads; open and closed Forest Service roads; and open and closed OHV trails. For a given trail length, the sediment volume available to be eroded is determined by bare trail width and sediment depth. Four condition types are defined that group trail sections based on statistically different trail widths or depths. Trail construction method appears to influence sediment availability differences more than erosion potential (as indexed by trail slope gradient and length). The range for annual trail erosion rates is estimated as 75 and 210 tonne/ha/yr. The high and low rates are obtained using two independent methods. The 210 tonne/ha/yr rate is computed from mean sediment capture at 30 sediment traps installed for 0.5–1.0 year. The 75 tonne/ha/yr rate is computed assuming all available trail sediment measured in a one‐time sampling is eroded over the next year. We argue in support of this assumption and suggest both rate values may be conservative. Trail erosion rates and sediment trap observations indicate frequent trap cleanout will be needed to continue sediment capture from All Terrain Vehicle trails.
Association between circulating 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Guan Shi‐Yang , Cai Hong‐Yan , Wang Peng , Lv Tian‐Tian , Liu Li‐Na , Mao Yan‐Mei , Zhao Chan‐Na , Wu Qian , Dan Yi‐Lin , Sam Napoleon Bellua , Wang De‐Guang , Pan Hai‐Feng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe indicators for measuring vitamin D are various, and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) is considered as the optimal indicator of total vitamin D levels. In this study, we aim to deeply explore the 25(OH)D status in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and evaluate its relation to SLE risk and disease severity.MethodsLiterature about 25(OH)D status and its associations with SLE were searched in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. Standardized mean difference (SMD), odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were illustrated by forest plots, and correlation coefficients (r) were combined by generic inverse variance method. Heterogeneity and publication bias were quantified by I‐squared (I2) test, funnel plot and Egger's test, respectively. Sensitivity analyses were further examined by leave‐one‐out method.ResultsNineteen articles were included into our meta‐analysis. The overall results showed that compared with the healthy controls, the circulating 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in SLE patients (pooled SMD = −1.63, 95% CI: −2.51 to −0.76). Subgroup analysis revealed that compared with the healthy controls, SLE patients of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) ≥ 10, Arab and European ethnicity, all 4 seasons, no vitamin D supplement, had significantly lower circulating 25(OH)D levels; no significant differences were observed in SLE patients of SLEDAI < 10, mixed ethnicity, spring, summer, vitamin D supplement, respectively; no matter the changes of age, disease duration, and the therapy of corticosteroid or immunosuppressive or neither, circulating 25(OH)D levels were significantly reduced in SLE patients. The deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency of vitamin D could significantly elevate, slightly decrease (not significantly), significantly decrease SLE risk, respectively (pooled OR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.49 to 12.84; pooled OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.22 to 1.26; pooled OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.63). Circulating 25(OH)D levels were inversely associated with SLEDAI (pooled correlation coefficient = −0.50, 95% CI: −0.8278 to −0.1689).ConclusionsCompared with healthy controls, 25(OH)D levels are significantly lower in SLE patients, which is influenced by disease activity, ethnicity, seasons and vitamin D supplement; no matter the change of age, diseases duration and therapy of corticosteroid or immunosuppressive or neither, 25(OH)D levels are significantly decreased in SLE patients; the deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency of vitamin D could significantly elevate, slightly decrease, and significantly decrease SLE risk, respectively; and 25(OH)D levels inversely correlate with SLEDAI.
Does takeover competition affect acquisition choices and bidding firm performance? Australian evidence
Authors: Faff Robert W. , Gunasekarage Abeyratna , Shams Syed M. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine the influence of takeover competition on three acquisition choices: (i) public versus private target acquisitions; (ii) stock versus cash financed acquisitions; and (iii) related versus unrelated acquisitions. We find strong evidence of acquirers’ preference for public targets, stock swaps and business focus, in the face of takeover competition. Further, we find that the takeover competition has a positive influence on the bid premium paid to acquirer public targets and those financed with stock issues; competitive bids offered to acquire related targets are associated with significantly low bid premiums. In the short‐term announcement window, competition‐induced bids to acquire public targets and those financed with stock are penalised by the capital market. However, only stock‐financed takeovers undertaken in a competitive takeover market show a long‐run decline in performance of acquirers.
Treatment satisfaction correlated with glycaemic control and burden of diabetes in Swedish adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Haas Josephine , Persson Martina , Hagström Toft Eva , Rathsman Björn , Brorsson Anna‐Lena , Lindholm Olinder Anna 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimTo assess treatment satisfaction and perceived discomfort or pain from the treatment, and potential associations with glycaemic control, type of treatment, perceived burden of diabetes, sex and age, in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed at one paediatric and at one adult diabetes clinic in Sweden, preceded by a translation of ‘Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) Teen’. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (15‐20 years) participated. The questionnaires ‘DTSQ Teen’ and ‘Check your health’ were used. Data on glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), type of treatment, sex and age were collected.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐eight adolescents (70 females, mean age 17.3, mean HbA1c 64.0 mmol/mol) participated. Treatment satisfaction correlated inversely with HbA1c (r = −.352, P < .001) and with all types of burden of diabetes (r = −.342 to −0.467, P < .001), but did not differ with type of treatment, sex and age. Perceived pain correlated inversely with burden on physical health (r = −.265, P = .002), mental health (r = −.237, P = .006) and quality of life (r = −.246, P = .004) but not with HbA1c, age or burden on social relations. Females perceived more discomfort or pain.ConclusionIn Swedish adolescents with type 1 diabetes, treatment satisfaction correlated with both glycaemic control and perceived burden of diabetes.
Analysis of consensus among drug interaction databases with regard to combinations of psychotropics
Authors: Schjøtt Jan , Schjøtt Pernille , Assmus Jörg 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDrug interaction databases are important tools in today’s clinical decision support. However, there is great variation with regard to classification and presentation of interactions among databases. The present study aimed to investigate consensus among databases with regard to combinations of psychotropics. A database integrated in Norwegian computerised clinical decision support systems and three international recommended subscription databases were compared. Combinations of psychotropics (two or more) prescribed to patients 65 years or older on a single day from three nursing homes in Bergen, Norway 16 years apart (2000 and 2016) were studied. The databases were compared in a common analysis with the following questions: interaction (no, not contraindicated or contraindicated), type (pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic), the total number of interactions, and the first ranked interaction among several in each patient. Consensus among the four drug interaction databases was associated with pharmacokinetic interactions involving mainly older psychotropics in the common analysis. The qualities that best characterised interactions with consensus was primarily the evidence including a description of manageability. There was a surprising lack of consensus with regard to contraindicated interactions, even when older psychotropics were involved. Lack of consensus decreased with the number of psychotropics in the combinations. This was mainly because the highest ranked interactions in the respective databases involved different drugs. We propose evidence and manageability as core factors when ranking and presenting interactions in clinical decision support.
The relative contribution of parenting practices in predicting trait emotional intelligence in an Italian adolescent sample
Authors: Gugliandolo Maria C. , Mavroveli Stella , Costa Sebastiano , Cuzzocrea Francesca , Larcan Rosalba 
Published: August 2019

This study examines the relationship between trait emotional intelligence (trait EI), support, and parental psychological control practices. Three hundred adolescents, between 11 and 13 years old, took part in the study (163 were males and 137 were females). Participants completed the Perceptions of Parents Scales for the parental support, the Dependency (DPC)‐ and Achievement (APC)‐oriented Psychological Control Scales for the parental psychological control, and the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire‐Child Form for the child's trait EI. Trait EI was related to parenting variables, and also, parental practices (both support and psychological control) predicted global trait EI in adolescents. Some gender‐specific differences were found: both APC and DPC were negative predictors of trait EI in males, whereas only APC significantly predicted trait EI in females. Future longitudinal studies are needed to examine these results and to shed light on the processes involved in the development of trait EI.Statement of contribution

What is already known on the subject?

There exists strong evidence of the interaction between parenting practices and emotional development in children and adolescents.

Therefore, parental psychological control is negatively correlated with peer support and self‐esteem, and positively related to anxiety and aggressive behaviour in children.

However, there is paucity on research examining the relationship between parenting and trait EI in children.

What does this study adds?

This study extends earlier work in this field and investigates whether there is a relationship between trait EI and parenting practices (parental support and psychological control) and whether it depends on child and parent gender.

This study, therefore, aims to investigate, for the first time, parental factors that may, in addition to those constitutional, be related to trait EI in children.

Specifically, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether parenting practices would predict adolescents’ trait EI and whether these relations depend on the gender.
“We don’t want to hear about discrimination”: Evidence slippage and evidence invention in the politics of foreign credential recognition in Canada
Authors: Rivas‐Garrido Camila , Koning Edward Anthony 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article investigates how Canadian politicians engaged with evidence on foreign credential recognition in 2009. We find that some evidence receives decreasing attention over time, that some politicians bring forward explanations that have nothing to do with the evidence, and that most politicians hold the same position before and after the process of evidence‐gathering. These findings cast doubt on the extent to which politicians use evidence to inform their position on immigration‐related issues, even when they explicitly solicit it.
Comparative analysis of human leucocyte antigen between idiopathic and anti‐PD‐1 antibody induced isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency: A pilot study
Authors: Inaba Hidefumi , Ariyasu Hiroyuki , Iwakura Hiroshi , Ueda Yoko , Kurimoto Chiaki , Uraki Shinsuke , Takeshima Ken , Yamaoka Hiroyuki , Furukawa Yasushi , Morita Shuhei , Nishi Masahiro , Akamizu Takashi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundAdult‐onset idiopathic isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency (id‐IAD) is a rare disease with unknown aetiology. Recently, numerous cases of anti‐PD‐1 antibody‐induced IAD (PD1‐IAD) have been reported, but the clinical course, predictive factors and relationship to id‐IAD have not been clarified. Moreover, associations of id‐IAD and PD1‐IAD with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) require elucidation.MethodsClinical characteristics of 13 Japanese patients with id‐IAD and eight Japanese patients with PD1‐IAD were analysed, and HLA‐typing test was performed for each patient. Allele and haplotype frequencies of the patients were compared to those of healthy Japanese controls.ResultsIn the HLA allele and haplotype analyses of id‐IAD, the frequencies of HLA‐C*14:02, HLA‐DPB1*05:01, HLA‐DRB1*04:05‐DQB1*04:01‐DPB1*05:01 and HLA‐DRB1*09:01‐DQB1*03:03‐DPB1*05:01 were significantly increased. On the other hand, HLA alleles account for PD1‐IAD susceptibility as follows: HLA‐DQB1*06:01, HLA‐DPB1*09:01 and HLA‐DRB5*01:02. Moreover, protective effect for HLA‐C*03:03 was suggested in combined id‐IAD and PD1‐IAD patients. Comparison of the effects of HLA on id‐IAD and PD1‐IAD revealed some differences. Alleles or haplotypes frequencies increased in id‐IAD group were as follows: HLA‐DPB1*05:01, HLA‐DRB1*09:01, HLA‐DRB4*01:03:02, HLA‐DQB1*03:03 and HLA‐DRB1*09:01‐DQB1*03:03. In clinical settings, hyponatremia, disturbance of consciousness and hypoglycaemia were less frequently seen in patients with PD1‐IAD than in patients with id‐IAD.ConclusionsDistinct clinical characteristics and predisposing HLA allele contributions were proposed between id‐IAD and PD1‐IAD. Further investigations with greater number of cases are warranted to clarify the detailed mechanisms of id‐IAD and PD1‐IAD.
Treating nasal symptoms associated with rhinitis using the intranasal herbal ointment Biyeom‐go: A prospective observational study
Authors: Son Mi Ju , Jung Jeeyoun , Kim Young‐Eun , Yeum Chang‐Sub , Lee So Min , Jung So Young , Kwon Ojin , Kim Sungha , Kang Jeong‐In , Kim Hye‐Lin , Lee Jung‐Eun , Lee Dong‐Hyo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to investigate the effectiveness and clinical feasibility of Biyeom‐go for the treatment of nasal symptoms associated with rhinitis.DesignProspective observational study.SettingThis study was conducted at the Woosuk Korean Medicine Medical Center in South Korea.ParticipantsFifty‐eight patients with rhinitis participated in this study. All patients received Biyeom‐go treatment >3 times daily for a total of 4 weeks.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the total nasal symptom score. Mini‐rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire, nasal endoscopy index, total serum immunoglobulin E levels and immunologic factors in nasal lavage fluid were also measured.ResultsBiyeom‐go administration was associated with significant improvements in total nasal symptoms scores (P < .0001) and mini‐rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire scores (P < .0001) in a time‐dependent manner. The nasal endoscopy index also significantly improved at weeks 2 (P = .0049), 3 (P < .0001) and 4 (P = .0001) after Biyeom‐go treatment. Significantly, increased interleukin‐2 levels (P = .005) and decreased interleukin‐8, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand (CCL) 5, chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL) 9, CCL2 and CXCL10 levels were observed in the nasal lavage fluid.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that Biyeom‐go may be beneficial for the management of rhinitis symptoms and rhinitis‐associated quality of life. Further well‐designed randomised controlled trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of Biyeom‐go for rhinitis.
Adipose tissue–derived stromal cells’ conditioned medium modulates endothelial‐mesenchymal transition induced by IL‐1β/TGF‐β2 but does not restore endothelial function
Authors: Liguori Tácia Tavares Aquinas , Liguori Gabriel Romero , Moreira Luiz Felipe Pinho , Harmsen Martin Conrad 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesEndothelial cells undergo TGF‐β–driven endothelial‐mesenchymal transition (EndMT), representing up to 25% of cardiac myofibroblasts in ischaemic hearts. Previous research showed that conditioned medium of adipose tissue–derived stromal cells (ASC‐CMed) blocks the activation of fibroblasts into fibrotic myofibroblasts. We tested the hypothesis that ASC‐CMed abrogates EndMT and prevents the formation of adverse myofibroblasts.Materials and methodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with IL‐1β and TGF‐β2 to induce EndMT, and the influence of ASC‐CMed was assessed. As controls, non‐treated HUVEC or HUVEC treated only with IL‐1β in the absence or presence of ASC‐CMed were used. Gene expression of inflammatory, endothelial, mesenchymal and extracellular matrix markers, transcription factors and cell receptors was analysed by RT‐qPCR. The protein expression of endothelial and mesenchymal markers was evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting. Endothelial cell function was measured by sprouting assay.ResultsIL‐1β/TGF‐β2 treatment induced EndMT, as evidenced by the change in HUVEC morphology and an increase in mesenchymal markers. ASC‐CMed blocked the EndMT‐related fibrotic processes, as observed by reduced expression of mesenchymal markers TAGLN (P = 0.0008) and CNN1 (P = 0.0573), as well as SM22α (P = 0.0501). The angiogenesis potential was impaired in HUVEC undergoing EndMT and could not be restored by ASC‐CMed.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that ASC‐CMed reduces IL‐1β/TGF‐β2‐induced EndMT as observed by the loss of mesenchymal markers. The present study supports the anti‐fibrotic effects of ASC‐CMed through the modulation of the EndMT process.