bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human regulatory γδT lymphocytes as novel autoimmunity-protective cells: Lessons from alopecia areata
Authors: Gilhar Amos , Keren Aviad , Goldstein Nyra , Bertolini Marta , Kassem Riad , Zeltzer Assaf , Strbo Natasa , Paus Ralf 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Regulatory T cells control autoimmune diseases (AID). Yet, much less is known about the functions of evolutionarily much older Foxp3 + human regulatory γδT cells (γδTregs). Here, we have explored these functions in one of the most common human AID, the hair loss disorder, alopecia areata (AA). Lesional AA skin showed significantly more γδTreg than non-lesional or healthy skin. Next, we investigated how human γδTregs impact on experimentally induced AA in human scalp skin xenotransplants on SCID/beige mice. PBMC-derived autologous γδTregs were pre-activated with IL-2, IL-15, and zoledronate in vitro and injected intradermally into human scalp xenografts before or after AA induction by autologous CD8 + T cells in vivo. γδTreg not only prevented the development of AA lesions, but also promoted hair regrowth in established AA lesions in the xenotransplants, accompanied by a reduced perifollicular lymphocytic infiltrate and restoration of hair follicle (HF) immune privilege (IP) . We then co-cultured γδTregs with organ-cultured, stressed (MICA-overexpressing) human scalp HFs in the presence/absence of pathogenic CD8+/NKG2D + T cells that induce HF IP collapse by secreting interferon-g, all under autologous conditions. Under these ex vivo conditions, γδTregs mitigated HF IP collapse induced by CD8 + T cells, primarily through IL-10 and TGF-β1 secretion, enhanced HF keratinocyte proliferation and reduced their apoptosis while preventing premature catagen induction (= AA hallmarks). These findings in a model human AID introduce human γδTregs as important regulatory lymphocytes that invite novel cell-based therapies in CD8 + T cell-dependent AIDs characterized by IP collapse such as AA.
Cerebrospinal fluid metabolites and their association with female reproductive disorders: Insights from Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhou Yining , Wang Xiaoqiang , Ding Zhitong , Wang Ya , Song Weiwei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Recently, the fertility rate has been declining. This is because of a drop in the desire for fertility among young people and the incidence of various degrees of reproductive dysfunction. Theories of 'kidney-generating marrow' and 'kidney-governing reproduction' exist in traditional Chinese medicine, and modern science has confirmed the existence of the 'hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis' as a regulatory mechanism. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), a naturally occurring fluid in the brain, has the potential to reflect the physiological and pathological states of the brain. Furthermore, its metabolites may play a crucial role in the early detection of ovarian diseases. In this study, the Mendelian randomization (MR) method was used to investigate the potential influence of CSF metabolites on four prevalent ovarian diseases affecting women of childbearing age and their relationship with female infertility. This analysis aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms, thereby providing a foundation for future research.
Method
The most recent genome-wide association study was used to synthesize the statistical data, and a comprehensive two-sample MR analysis was used to assess the causal relationship between 399 CSF metabolites and four ovarian-related diseases (including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), ovarian insufficiency, benign ovarian tumors, and salpingitis), as well as female infertility. The two-sample MR analysis was conducted using the inverse-variance weighted method as the primary approach and complemented by pleiotropic and heterogeneity tests. To ensure the reliability of the findings, a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was performed. Finally, the robustness of the results was validated through a reverse MR analysis.
Results
Following a comprehensive and systematic analysis, it was determined that PCOS was associated with four distinct metabolites, including serine. Similarly, ovarian insufficiency was linked to four metabolites, including O-sulfo-L-tyrosine. Additionally, benign ovarian tumors were associated with 15 metabolites. The levels of X-23590 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.114) and histidine (OR = 0.1735) were significantly associated with a reduced occurrence of benign ovarian tumors. While ovarian-related inflammation was associated with five metabolites, including lactate, comparative analysis confirmed that lactate and glycerophosphoinositol levels can inhibit the occurrence of infertility. All diseases exhibited no reverse relationship with CSF metabolites.
Conclusion
A comprehensive exploration of the causal relationship between CSF metabolites and common ovarian diseases, as well as infertility in women of childbearing age, may enhance our understanding of their potential impact on female reproductive health. This may provide new ideas for diagnosing and treating female reproductive health.
Evaluation 3D Scaffolds based on Poly(glycerol sebacic itaconic acid) (PGSIt) containing Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Coated by Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and Chitosan: A New Perspective on Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: sadeghi Mostafa , Tehrani Pedram , narimani Mohammad , khorramymehr Siamak , emamieh Goldis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In this research a new type of 3D scaffolds with different weight fraction of nanoparticles (HA) (1, 3 and 5 wt.%) and synthesized Poly(glycerol-sebacic Itaconic acid) (PGSIt) coated by chitosan/PVA solution were prepared. Importance analysis were selected and evaluated characters of prepared scaffolds. FTIR analysis showed that all of bonds and interaction between all of composites were proven. Microscopic structures showed that good three-dimensional structures can be seen in all samples and the presence of nanoparticles has created better three-dimensional structures. The morphology of the coated samples showed that the hydrophilic polymers was well coated on the samples. The distribution of nanoparticles inside the nanocomposite samples was investigated and it was observed that there is a good distribution of nanoparticles inside the samples. The viscoelastic properties of the samples showed that the glass transition temperature for the pure sample was 31.54 oC, which reached about 45.89 oC with the presence of 5% wt.%. Also, the storage modulus for the sample with 3 wt.% of nanoparticles was higher than other samples. Examining the compressive mechanical properties under cyclic conditions showed that the samples showed good reversibility and the amount of hysteresis increased for sample S3, but sample S4 showed good conditions. Alizarin red test showed that the polymer coating on the samples increased the formation of calcium particles. Also, the degree of rusting of the cell nucleus also showed that the presence of cells on the coated scaffolds increased. On the other hand, the role of nanoparticles in this formation of suitable conditions is not without reason. The hydrocatalytic degradation test showed that the sample with more particles has a greater weight loss, and as a result of the coating, this reduction rate has shown a strong increase. Examining the morphology of the surface of the destroyed samples has also shown the confirmation of the surface destruction. Examining the mechanical properties test of undamaged and damaged samples showed that due to the damage of the samples, the compressive mechanical properties of the samples are reduced by 30% to 50% during the time. In this condition, the maximum compressive stress tolerated in sample 2 is 73 kPa in normal conditions, which after destruction in the same sample has reached 42 kPa. This mechanical behavior confirms that the mechanism of destruction in these samples often occurs from the surface and because the destruction in the bulk has occurred less, these destroyed samples have shown good mechanical properties.
Effect of marginal cement space thickness and type of zirconia on the marginal and internal fit of 3-unit monolithic fixed dental prosthesis: An in vitro study
Authors: Mosa Mutaz Omran , Ibraheem Adel Farhan , Hussein Hashim Mueen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine the effect of different marginal cement space thicknesses on the marginal adaptation and internal fitness of three units of fixed zirconia bridges.
Methods and materials:
This study utilized a dentiform maxillary first premolar and first molar in vitro, duplicated into 32 aluminium master models, to fabricate a 3-unit fixed partial zirconia bridge using CNC milling machines. The specimen was divided according to marginal cement space and type of zirconia into four Groups, each containing eight samples. Group A: 25 µm marginal cement space with single layer zirconia, Group B: 25 µm marginal gap with multilayer zirconia, Group C: 0 um marginal gap single layer zirconia, Group D: 0 µm marginal gap with multilayer zirconia. Each zirconia bridge's marginal adaptation and internal fitness are evaluated using the replica technique. Replicas were observed under a digital microscope after being sectioned mesiodistally and buccolingually. Thirty-two measurements for each abutment replica were performed at four different points (eight marginal, eight axial, eight chamfer, and eight occlusal). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test.
Results
Single-layer zirconia showed better marginal adaption and internal fitness compared to multilayer zirconia. A 25 µm cement spacing reduces the thickness of the cement film compared to a 0 µm space, as observed across all measured areas.
Conclusion
The marginal cement space thickness affects the FPD fitness, and the single layer (HT KATANA ™) zirconia shows better fitness than the multilayer (UTML KATANA ™).
Statistical inference on the perk distribution under progressive-stress Type-II AdaptiveProgressive Hybrid Censoring
Authors: Hussam Eslam , Almetwally Ehab M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This paper introduces a statistical analysis of progressive stress accelerated life test samples. The cumulative exposure model was used to produce progressive stress samples. Many estimation methods were used to estimate the distribution's parameters, including classical and Bayesian methods. We used the Metropolis Hasting Algorithm to generate samples because the posterior is not from well-known distribution . The parameters' asymptotic and bootstrap confidence intervals (CIs) are estimated; at last, we estimated the reliability function of the distribution using the estimated parameters. A realdata set is analyzed to clarify the methods proposed in this paper. A practical application was applied as a lifetime example to clarify the importance of the work. Finally, some interesting conclusions are drawn.
Mechani̇sm of Current Flow İn Gase Thi̇n Fi̇lm Obtai̇ned by Thermal Evaporati̇on Method
Authors: Madatov R. S. , Nurmammadova F. N. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The mechanism of electrical conductivity of GaSe thin film obtained the thermal evaporation method was given in the presented work. The concentration of free charge carriers, the length of the mean free path of charge carriers, the distance from the trap to the potential barrier, etc. were calculated as a result of the study of p-GaSe thin films in the temperature range of 100–300 K. It was found that the current flow mechanism in GaSe thin films partially changes depending on the evaporation temperature. The crystallization centers formed due to the restoration of broken Ga-Se bonds as a result of the arrangement of defects during thermal evaporation play a key role in the charge transport mechanism in the layers.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Early Sexual Initiation among female youth in Tanzania: a nationwide survey
Authors: Eliufoo Elihuruma , Mtoro Mtoro J. , Godfrey Victoria , Bago Mussa , Kessy Immaculata P. , Millanzi Walter , Nyundo Azan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Early sexual initiation among female youth in Tanzania presents a significant public health concern, as it is associated with increased risks of unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and adverse socio-economic consequences.​ This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of early sexual initiation among female youth in Tanzania.
Methods: We used data from the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey, which was conducted between February 24 and July 21, 2022. The sampling frame was stratified by geographic region and urban/rural areas, using a two-stage sampling method that selected primary sampling units based on census enumeration areas, followed by household selection using probability systematic sampling. Data management and analysis were performed using STATA version 18.5, descriptive statistics and a weighted logistic regression model to determine factors associated with early sexual initiation. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the strength of association.
Results: The overall prevalence of early sexual initiation among female youth in Tanzania was 17.4% (95%CI: 15.77-19.24). In the adjusted analysis, female youth with no formal education were more likely to have early sexual initiation (aOR=3.28, 95%CI: 2.22-4.86). Additionally, female youth who were working were more likely to have early sexual initiation (aOR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.59-0.99). Women aged 20 to 24 showed a decrease in the likelihood of early sexual initiation (aOR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.56-0.85).
Conclusion: This study found a significant proportion of AGYW who had early sexual debut. Addressing early sexual debut among Tanzanian youth requires a multifaceted approach that includes educational reforms and comprehensive economic strengthening while addressing structural inequalities that increase their sexual vulnerability.​ Prioritizing access to quality education, empowerment, and comprehensive sexual health education is essential to mitigate the risks associated with early sexual initiation.
PM10 prediction in South Korea via ensemble tree-based methods
Authors: Lim Yaeji , Hwang Beom Seuk 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Air pollution is one of the biggest environmental problems in South Korea; therefore, the prediction of particulate matter with a diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) levels has been studied across various fields. Ensemble tree models are popular choices for predicting air quality metrics due to their flexibility, robustness, and ability to handle complex data patterns. Many other variables, such as meteorological factors, ground-level air pollution data, and satellite measurements, are associated with PM10, but they often have complex and non-linear relationships. Ensemble tree models are capable of capturing these non-linear interactions effectively. Additionally, these models provide insights into which features are most important in predicting PM10 levels through feature importance scores. This interpretability aids in understanding the underlying factors contributing to changes in PM10 levels and assists policymakers in taking preventive actions. In this paper, we apply four ensemble tree models-random forests, XGBoost, BART, and quantile BART-to predict PM10 levels in Seoul, South Korea. Results demonstrate that quantile BART provides the most accurate predictions and is less influenced by a few dominant predictor variables.
Modeling Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Therapy Highlights Neutrophil Impact on Tumor Suppression
Authors: Satani Sahaj , Dobrovolny Hana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Oncolytic vaccinia viruses (OVVs) present a promising approach for melanoma treatment due to their ability to selectively infect and lyse tumor cells. In this study, we use an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model of tumor growth inhibited by OVV activity to parameterize previous research on the effect of neutrophil depletion in B16-F10 melanoma tumors in mice. We find that the data are best fit by a model that accounts for neutrophil-mediated viral clearance, and that neutrophil depletion provides a mechanism for enhanced OVV efficacy and tumor reduction. We also find that parameter estimates for the most effective OVV regime share characteristics, most notably a low viral clearance rate by neutrophils, that might explain the improved outcomes. Further studies examining the impact of neutrophil modulation across different tumor models may help elucidate the extent to which these findings generalize and inform the design of novel OVV-based cancer therapies.
XyloDensMap: an intensive georeferenced data record for the wood density of European trees
Authors: Cuny  , Leban  , Hervé  , Bontemps  , Kerfriden  , Jacquin  , Lacarin  , Dauffy  , Duprez  , Wurpilllot  
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The XyloDensMap dataset aims to provide comprehensive knowledge and quantification of wood density (WD) and its variation across European tree species and their populations. Data were obtained by combining spatially systematic National Forest Inventory (NFI) sampling, and a high-flow method of WD measurement by X-ray Computed Tomography. WD was measured on 110,763 wood cores sampled at tree breast height over the period 2016-2019 on forest plots of the French NFI evenly distributed across mainland France. The dataset covers 156 European tree species and wide gradients of elevations (from 0 to 2,300 m above sea level), climates (oceanic, continental, mountain and Mediterranean climates) and soil conditions. It encompasses most European forest types, with the exception of boreal forests. WD measurements are proportional to the abundance of tree species in the forest area sampled. This dataset’s potential extends to the intensive documentation of a major ecological trait, the assessment of the drivers of WD variation, or the improvement of forest biomass and carbon estimates (stocks and fluxes), and their uncertainty.
Length scales in the tear resistance of soft tissues and elastomers: a comparative study based on computational models
Authors: Kahle Eleni , Ehret Alexander , Mazza Edoardo , Spagnoli Andrea 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Fracture toughness describes a material’s ability to resist failure in the presence of defects. In case of soft biological tissues, a reliable determination and interpretation of the fracture properties is essential to estimate the risk of fracture after clinical interventions. Here we perform a comparative computational study between soft biological tissues and compliant elastomers to discuss the influence of material non-linearity on the crack tip nearfield. Using detailed finite element simulations, singular near-tip stress fields are obtained, and a so-called nonlinear region is identified. Additional focus is put on the effect of material nonlinearity on the phenomenon of elastic crack blunting, by analysing the deformed crack profile and extracting a radius of curvature at the tip. Through concepts of traditional fracture mechanics, we identify the size of the process zone and nonlinear elastic zone in biological tissues, juxtaposed with that of elastomers, demonstrating the limitations of the traditional metrics in capturing the remarkable defect tolerance of this highly nonlinear material class.
PENDEKATAN DALAM PENELITIAN ILMU FALAK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Musonnif Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

Ilmu Falak merupakan ilmu Eksakta yang menjadi bahan kajian dalam studi Islam. Hal ini disebabkn karena Ilmu Falak merupakan ilmu bantu yang terkait dengan beberapa ibadah umat Islam seperti penentuan arah kiblat, waktu sholat, dan awal bulan Islam. Seiring berkembangnya sains dan teknologi dan studi sosial humaniora dengan pendekatan multi disipliner dengan dibukanya jurusan ilmu Falak di beberapa perguruan tinggi Islam, Ilmu falak mulai menjadi bahan kajian menarik yang dapat ditinjau dari berbagai pendekatan. Penelitian ini mengkaji berbagai model pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ilmu Falak di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran literatur terkait ilmu Falak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam penelitian Ilmu Falak di Indonesia Ilmu Falak terkadang menjadi sebuah pendekatan dan terkadang menjadi objek kajian yang ditinjau dengan pendekatan lain seperti pendekatan normatif seperti fikih dan tafsir dan pendekatan sosiologis seperti sosiologi, antropologi, sejarah, gender dan lain-lain. Selain itu para peneliti terkadang kreatif dengan mengkaji ilmu Falak dengan beberapa pendekatan lain misalnya pendekatan arsitektur.
Membangun Pendidikan Pesantren Neo-Modernisme Berbasis Nahdlatul Ulama: Perspektif Teori Kepemimpin
Authors: Rahmatullah Mamat , Sunaryanto Sunaryanto 
Published: November 2024

Makalah ini ditulis untuk menganalisis pembangunan pendidikan pesantren neo-modernis berbasis Nadhlatul Ulama dalam perspektif kemimpinan. Teori yang digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan adalah teori leadership dari Edward Sallis. Makalah ini tulis dengan pendekatan pustaka yang sangat luas dari jurnal, tesis, disertasi, buku, dan website yang relevan dengan penelitian ini. Data kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif analitik dari Miles dan Huberman yaitu reduksi data, displai data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Peneliti juga berusaha membuat interpretasi sebelum menyimpulkan hasil penelitian dengan pendekatan tekstual. Makalah ini menemukan Pembangunan pesantren neo-modernis berbasis Nahdlatul Ulama pertama dapat dilakukan dengan memaksimalkan peran pemimpin dalam mengeloa visi dan simbol. Dalam aspek ini pemimpin pendidikan harus mengkomunikasikan nilai-nilai institusi kepada staf, siswa dan masyarakat luas. Kedua pemimpin pesantren harus membangun komunikasi yang baik untuk mengkomunikasikan visi pesantren neo-modernis. Pemimpin pesantren bisa memulai mengokumunikasikan visi pesantren dengan membangun sistem informasi yang baik. Ketiga, pemimpin pesantren memulai dengan perannya sebagai pemimpin dalam mengembangkan budaya mutu pesantren neo-modernis. Membangun budaya mutu bisa dilakukan dengan yang dilakukan peningkatan mutu, perencanaan mutu, pengendalian mutu, dan perbaikan serta peningkatan mutu berkelanjutan yang khas dengan mengedepankan mutu akhlak disamping orientasi lembaga pendidikan Islam yang membangun pada prestasi. Keempat, pemimpin pesantren melakukan pemberdayaan guru baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Pemimpin pesantren harus meningkatkan skill ilmu pengetahuan serta guru menjamin kesejahteraan ekonomi.
PENGARUH BIMBINGAN KEAGAMAAN TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN SIMPTOM NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER PADA REMAJA
Authors: Prasetiyo Nova Tri , Rohim Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

The life of adolescents impacts not only themselves but also their surroundings, whether positively or negatively. Among the many negative traits that often occur in adolescents is Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD). This is because adolescence is a time of self-discovery. To prevent and minimize the symptoms of NPD, a concerted effort in the form of religious guidance is required. The goal is to delve deeper into the benefits and influences of Sufism education included in religious guidance when presented to them. The method used in this research is quantitative, with statistical calculations employing an associative or correlational research type. The results of this study show that the religious guidance received can be sufficiently applied by some of them. As for NPD, it can be said that they partly need efforts to avoid things related to the symptoms of this disorder. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the research aligns with the initial hypothesis, namely that there is an influence on the prevention of Narcissistic Personality Disorder through the implementation of religious guidance in adolescents. Thus, it can be stated that if religious guidance is carried out to the fullest, the symptoms of NPD in students will also be lower.