bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race and ethnicity dynamics in survival to 100 years in the United States
Authors: Ouellette Nadine , Perls Thomas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundAfter age 85, the U.S. non‐Hispanic Black population mortality rate becomes less than that of the White population (called the Black–White mortality crossover). It is not known how this survival advantage compares to Asian and Hispanic groups, and whether differences persist to age 100+ years.MethodsThe U.S. period life table data were extracted to obtain life expectancy at birth and at ages 70, 85, and 100 years according to year, sex, and race and ethnicity. Age‐specific death rates and adult modal age at death were calculated. We computed period probabilities of survival to age 100, from ages 70, 80, and 90. Pseudo‐birth cohort calculations were undertaken to enable comparison with period‐based results.ResultsIn 2019, the Black–White mortality crossover occurred at 86–88 years and persisted at ages 100 and 100+. Life expectancies at age 100 for non‐Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian populations were similar and were significantly greater than the non‐Hispanic White population. From 2006 to 2019, the probability of survival from 70 and 80 years to age 100 was highest for the Hispanic population, followed by non‐Hispanic Black and then non‐Hispanic White populations. Probability of survival from age 90 to 100 years was similar for all but the non‐Hispanic White population, which had a comparatively lower probability of survival. When Asian population data became available in 2019, this population had the highest probability of survival to age 100, starting from ages 70, 80, and 90 years. Pseudo‐cohort results displayed patterns consistent with those observed over calendar years.ConclusionsRace‐ and ethnicity‐based variation in mortality between ages 85 and 100+ years suggests differences in environmental and possibly genetic influences upon risk for exceptional longevity.
Personal Values and Cognitive Biases
Authors: Elster Andrey , Sagiv Lilach 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPsychology textbooks abound with demonstrations of classic biases, yet the question why some people are more or less susceptible to those biases remains little explored. Drawing on Schwartz Values Theory (1992), we aim to show how individual differences in personal values, which express trans‐situational, chronic motivations of a perceiver, impact cognitive biases.MethodIn six studies (N = 843; 42.6% female, Mage = 30.7), we assessed personal values and manipulated or measured two fundamental cognitive biases: the self‐serving bias (Studies 1–3) and the halo effect (Studies 4–6).ResultsAs hypothesized, individuals were more susceptible to cognitive biases, when the content of a bias was compatible with their important values. Specifically, the more individuals emphasized achievement values, the more they were susceptible to the self‐serving bias; and the more individuals emphasized benevolence values, the more they were susceptible to the halo effect of warmth. Other value types were not systematically associated with the biases.ConclusionsOverall, our findings indicate that cognitive biases are more likely to emerge when their manifestations are compatible with the chronic motivation of the perceiver. We suggest additional examples of cognitive biases that may be related to values and discuss theoretical implications of our findings.
Computational modeling of reinforced concrete dapped‐end beams
Authors: D'Angela Danilo , Magliulo Gennaro , Di Salvatore Chiara , Cosenza Edoardo 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe structural response of reinforced concrete dapped‐end beams is simulated through finite element analysis. The case study consists in experimental tests performed in the framework of an Italian research project on bridges. The study assesses both the local and global behavior of the beam and characterizes the damage patterns. A blind prediction is initially performed inputting the main basic material and geometrical properties of the specimen. Further models are developed by varying several structural parameters and modeling/analysis features, assessing their influence on the structural capacity and response of the beams. The blind model yielded relatively accurate behavior and capacity estimations. Additionally, the modeling is enhanced by accounting for experimental data. Technical and operative guidelines for implementing the numerical analysis of dapped‐end beams are finally provided, in light of the critical assessment of the modeling and analysis results.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions and nutrient supply mediate floral trait variation and pollinator visitation
Authors: Guzman Aidee , Montes Marisol , Lamie Nada , Bañuelos Martin , DeLaCerda Gisel , Soria‐Gilman Isabel , Firestone Mary , Bowles Timothy , Kremen Claire 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Floral traits, including floral display and nutritional rewards from pollen and nectar, drive pollinator visitation. Even within a single plant species, environmental factors can influence the quality and quantity of floral resources. Yet, the ecological interactions driving this variation in floral resources, especially those belowground, remain unknown.
Here, we investigate how soil microbial community composition and nutrient availability, specifically distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species and phosphorus (P) supply, affect plant growth, AMF traits, floral traits, and how that, in turn, affects bee visitation.
We found that increased AMF richness of functional diversity enhanced floral display (flower size and number) and rewards (nectar volume and pollen protein) and increased bee visitation. Using structural equation modeling, we found that AMF associations could boost bee visitation by enhancing flower size. However, trade‐offs occur; flower size correlates negatively with root colonization but positively with hyphal length, suggesting that AMF traits drive the effects of AMF on flower growth.
Overall, the effect of AMF on floral traits and bee visitation was not homogenous; instead, AMF trait differences interact with P supply, resulting in varying effects on floral traits and subsequently bee foraging dynamics. These results highlight that focusing on beneficial belowground interactions could provide an opportunity to bolster bee visitation.
Low‐energy diets before metabolic bariatric surgery: A systematic review of the effect on total body weight, liver volume, glycemia and side effects
Authors: Nilsen Inger , Andersson Agneta , Laurenius Anna , Österberg Johanna 
Published: December 2024

SummaryThere is no consensus regarding energy content or duration of hypocaloric diets used for preoperative optimization of patients before metabolic bariatric surgery. In this systematic review, we aimed to compare the effect of different hypocaloric diets on reductions in total body weight, liver volume, glucose and insulin concentrations, and side effects. Six databases were searched for articles including adults with BMI ≥35 kg/m2 treated with hypocaloric diets before metabolic bariatric surgery. Hypocaloric diets were categorized as (1) low‐energy diet containing 800–1200 kcal/day for 2–4 weeks, (2) very low‐energy diet containing 450–<800 kcal/day for 2–4 weeks, and (3) low‐energy diet containing 800–1200 kcal/day for >4 weeks. Thirty‐three articles (1868 patients) were included, and if data were sufficient, synthesis without meta‐analysis was conducted. A low‐energy diet and very low‐energy diet for 2–4 weeks resulted in similar reductions in total body weight, but longer treatment correlated to a more pronounced weight reduction. In addition, a low‐energy diet for 2–4 weeks led to decreased liver volume, which might facilitate the surgical procedure. Insulin resistance was generally reduced after a low‐energy diet for 2–4 weeks. However, most studies were within‐group control, and since more than 60% of the studies lacked variance measures for our outcomes, we did not perform a meta‐analysis. Accordingly, our results should be interpreted carefully. The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with registration number: CRD42022295757; available at: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=295757.
Enhancing Food Production Through Modern Agricultural Technology
Authors: Yu Kaixin , Zhao Siqi , Sun Bo , Jiang Hongwei , Hu Limin , Xu Chang , Yang Mingliang , Han Xue , Chen Qingshan , Qi Zhaoming 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTFood security is fundamental to human capacity building and is crucial for sustainable global development. As the global population continues to surge, the demand for food production is increasingly strained, struggling to keep pace with nutritional needs. This challenge is exacerbated by climate change effects, including extreme weather events and natural disasters, leading to significant losses in both crop yield and arable land. In this article, we delve into the innovative strategies employed by plant researchers to enhance crop resilience and productivity. These efforts have led to the development of new crop varieties that boast adaptability to varying climatic conditions, improved resistance to diseases and herbicides, and significantly increased yields. Alongside genetic advancements, the article also highlights sustainable and smart agricultural practices that are pivotal in augmenting crop productivity. These practices include optimizing water resource management during irrigation and integrating modern informational and intelligent technologies in farmland management. By synthesizing these technological and methodological advances, this article proposes a comprehensive approach to addressing the pressing issues of food security. These solutions not only aim to meet the immediate food demands but also foster long‐term sustainability in agricultural practices.
Interannual Variation of Stomatal Traits Impacts the Environmental Responses of Apple Trees
Authors: Zuffa Francesca , Jung Michaela , Yates Steven , Quesada‐Traver Carles , Patocchi Andrea , Studer Bruno , Dow Graham 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTStomata are fundamental to plant‐water relations and represent promising targets to enhance crop water‐use efficiency and climate resilience. Here, we investigated stomatal density (SD) variation in 269 apple accessions across 3 years (2019–2021), which demonstrated significant differences between accessions but consistency over time. We selected 2 subsets of 20 accessions, each with contrasting SD: high stomatal density (HSD; 370–500 mm−2) and low stomatal density (LSD; 192–316 mm−2). SD groups were compared in stomatal function, leaf physiology and crop productivity across two seasons (2021–2022). LSD had lower stomatal conductance (gs) and higher intrinsic water‐use efficiency in both years (p < 0.05). Hotter and drier conditions in 2022 reduced gs similarly in both groups (−22% HSD, −21% LSD), but also created a difference in net carbon assimilation (Anet) that was not present in 2021 (HSD + 1.7 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1, p < 0.05). LSD constraints on Anet were reflected in carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C, p < 0.001) and annual decline in fruit yield (−35%, p < 0.001). Our results demonstrate the suitability of SD as a trait to improve WUE, but also identifies a trade‐off between water savings and productivity, which requires consideration for breeding.
Expanding Early Childhood Home Visitation Services in the United States to Reach More Vulnerable Families: A Backward Mapping Analysis
Authors: Ballard Julianne , Lobo Brittany , Dawson‐Rose Carol 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEarly childhood home visitation (ECHV) in the United States is a voluntary service providing health and social support to low‐income families who are experiencing, or at risk for experiencing, adversities such as adolescent pregnancy, poverty, and child maltreatment. The federal Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting (MIECHV) Program funds the delivery of evidence‐based early childhood home visits, but these services are chronically under‐utilized despite a substantial capacity for enrollment. Of particular concern are the families likely to encounter adversity but are unable to access services due to rigid criteria for participation. Using the theory of backward mapping developed by Richard Elmore, this paper analyzes the implementation of the MIECHV Program policy to identify possible factors responsible for the under‐utilization of funded services. We explore issues related to the referral process, enrollment criteria, and attrition challenges for evidence‐based ECHV models with recommendations for a centralized intake system, qualitative inquiry, and universal postpartum home visits.
Pain without inference
Authors: Casser Laurenz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA foundational assumption of contemporary cognitive science is that perceptual processing involves inferential transitions between representational states. However, it remains controversial whether accounts of this kind extend to modalities whose perceptual status is a matter of debate. In particular, it remains controversial whether we should attribute inferential mechanisms to the sensory processing underpinning (human) pain experiences. This paper argues that, contrary to recent proposals in the philosophy and science of pain, pain processing is not mediated by inferential transitions. To this end, I show that standard motivations for inferentialism—including appeal to underdetermination, illusion, cue combination, cognitive penetration, perceptual constancy, and invariance—do not carry over to pain. Instead, I suggest that pain's sensory processing may be better characterised as an idiosyncratic form of transduction, distinguishing it both from paradigmatic perceptual modalities and canonical transducers.
ON DURATIVE AND DETELICISATION READINGS ASSOCIATED WITH POR X TEMPO ‘FOR X TIME’ IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE: ARGUMENTS IN FAVOUR OF SYNTACTIC CARTOGRAPHY†
Authors: Bergamini‐Perez João Francisco , Tescari Neto Aquiles 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBy taking into account the methodological guidelines brought by the Cartographic approach (Cinque 1999; Rizzi 1997), this article aims to propose a Cartographic analysis of the temporal adjunct por x tempo (‘for x time’) in Brazilian Portuguese. It particularly seeks to explore how the two possible readings given by the combination of this adjunct with telic and atelic predicates—as reported in the literature (Basso 2007, Basso & Pires de Oliveira 2010, Basso & Bergamini‐Perez 2016, among others)—can be derived in Syntax. We argue that very simple (Minimalist) ingredients, namely external and internal Merge, coupled with the assumption of Cartographic hierarchies—in this particular case, Cinque's (1999) hierarchy—can account for these two readings in a straightforward way, under a view we call Alternative I (which is confronted with a radical competing analysis, Alternative II, whose sole ingredient is recursive merge). We show the advantages of the Cartographic analysis (Alternative I) in directly mapping out to the interpretive system the two readings made available by the combination of por x tempo (‘for x time’) with different predicates.
Competing at Altitude Reduces In-Match Physical Demands of Professional Soccer Players Compared With Sea Level
Authors: Silva Hugo , Girard Olivier , Monteiro Júlio , Gasques Matheus , Sousa Ana , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo 
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study examined whether physical demands during soccer matches differ between sea level and altitude, considering variations by playing position. Methods: Thirty-seven professional players were monitored during 22 matches (11 at sea level and 11 at altitudes of 2200–4090 m) with global navigation satellite systems. Independent mean differences were used to compare in-match physical demands (ie, total distance, distance covered at specific speed intervals, accelerations [ACCs] and decelerations [DECs], and maximal speed) between locations for 5 playing positions (central defenders, fullbacks, central midfielders, wide midfielders, and forwards). Results: At altitude, players covered shorter total distances (P < .001) and less distance in the 14.4- to 19.8-km/h (P < .001), 19.8- to 25.2-km/h (P < .001), and >25.2-km/h (P < .001) speed ranges. They also performed fewer ACCs (2.0–3.5 m/s2, P < .001; 3.5–6.0 m/s2, P < .001) and DECs (−3.5 to −2 m/s2, P < .001; −6.0 to −3.5 m/s2, P < .001) and achieved lower maximal speeds (P < .001). The impact of altitude varied by position: Central midfielders showed reduced performance in all variables, while central defenders (distance > 25.2 km/h, ACCs [2.0 and 3.5 m/s2], DECs [−3.5 and −2.0 m/s2], and maximal speed), fullbacks (distance > 25.2 km/h, ACCs, and DECs [−3.5 and −2.0 m/s2]), and forwards (distances [total, 19.8–25.2 km/h, and >25.2 km/h] and ACCs [−3.5 and −6.0 m/s2]) presented unclear differences (P > .05) between locations. Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of considering playing positions when assessing the in-match activity profiles of sea-level resident soccer players competing at moderate to high altitudes.
Increasing incidence of Kawasaki disease and associated coronary aneurysm in Aotearoa New Zealand: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Harrowell Ian , Webb Rachel , Han Dug Yeo , Best Emma , Mitchelson Bryan , Wilson Nigel , Ostring Genevieve 
Published: December 2024

BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood vasculitis which causes coronary artery aneurysms (CAA). There is a paucity of data regarding KD in Aotearoa New Zealand. We aimed to provide up-to-date epidemiological and clinical data about KD in the Auckland region.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study in the greater Auckland region between 2017 and 2021. Potential KD cases were identified from hospital discharge records, echocardiogram databases and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) dispensing databases. Clinical records were reviewed and international diagnostic criteria were applied retrospectively.ResultsA total of 161 cases of KD were identified (66.5% complete, 33.5% incomplete), with 84% aged under 5 years. Overall incidence (per 100 000/year under 5 years) was 20.4; this was highest in Asian (43.9) and Pacific (17.7) children. There was no significant difference in incidence between New Zealand European (10.1) and Māori (8.3) children. The mean yearly number of cases reduced during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (37.6 vs 24.0, p=0.01). All children received at least one infusion of IVIg, with 20.5% receiving a second infusion. Twenty-seven children (16.9%) developed CAA. CAA was more common in children under 1 year, non-response to first dose of IVIg and Pacific children.ConclusionIncidence of KD and rate of CAA were higher than previously reported, although case numbers reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic. There was a high incidence of KD among Pacific children, who were most likely to develop CAA. Research focusing on strategies to identify and treat those at highest risk of CAA remains a priority.
Derivation and external validation of prediction model for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in twin pregnancies: a retrospective cohort study in southeastern China
Authors: Zheng Shuisen , Chen Yujuan , Gao Yuting , Chen Xiaoling , Lin Na , Han Qing 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveWe aimed to develop and validate an effective prediction model for hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP) in twin pregnancies after 28 weeks of gestation.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingMaternity hospital.ParticipantsWe recruited twin pregnancies who delivered in Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2014 to December 2019 as a training cohort. Besides, we included twin pregnancies delivered at Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital; Women and Children’s Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2020 to December 2021 as temporal validation set and geographical validation set, respectively.Main outcome measuresWe performed univariate analysis, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and Boruta algorithm to screen variables. Then, we used multivariate logistic regression to construct a nomogram that predicted the risk of HDP in twin pregnancies. We employed the bootstrap resampling method for internal validation, used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to evaluate the predictive performance of the model and constructed decision curve analysis to assess the clinical benefit of the model. Thereafter validated the nomogram through the index of concordance (C-index) and calibration curves in the temporal validation set and geographical validation set.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression showed that primipara (OR=1.284, 95% CI=1.016 to 1.622), the higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (OR=1.077, 95% CI=1.039 to 1.116), the higher uric acid (OR=1.004, 95% CI=1.002 to 1.005), the higher urea nitrogen (OR=1.198, 95% CI=1.087 to 1.321), the higher creatinine (OR=1.011, 95% CI=1.002 to 1.020), the higher lactate dehydrogenase (OR=1.001, 95% CI=1.000 to 1.002), the higher ratio of large platelets (OR=1.034, 95% CI=1.020 to 1.048), the lower albumin (OR=0.887, 95% CI=0.852 to 0.924), the lower calcium (OR=0.148, 95% CI=0.058 to 0.375) are influencing factors of HDP in twin pregnancies. The area under the ROC curve of the prediction model was 0.763. The C-index were 0.842 and 0.746, respectively, on the temporal validation set and geographical validation set.ConclusionsThe new model for predicting HDP in twin pregnancies constructed by clinical characteristics and laboratory indicators had high clinical application value. It can be used to individually evaluate the occurrence of HDP in twin pregnancies after 28 weeks of gestation.
Virtual reality in fibre-optic intubation training: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Di , Yang Lei , Xie Min 
Published: December 2024

IntroductionFibre-optic intubation is a crucial technique for the management of difficult airways in clinical practice, and its success rate is positively associated with the operator’s experience. However, because of its low utilisation rate in clinical practice, mastery of this technique by novices often relies heavily on simulation teaching. In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has been introduced to simulation training of fibre-optic intubation. However, because of limited sample sizes and conflicting findings, there remains an ongoing debate regarding the widespread adoption of VR technology. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of VR technology on the effectiveness of fibre-optic intubation training and to provide evidence-based insights to advance VR simulation methods in this field.Methods and analysisWe will search the MEDLINE/OVID, Embase/OVID, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials/OVID, CNKI and Wanfang databases from inception to March 2024. We will only include randomised controlled trials, with no restrictions on language of publication. The primary outcome will be the global rating scale score for flexible bronchoscope manipulation. The secondary outcomes will be the fibre-optic skills checklist, intubation time and proportion of successful intubations. We will assess the quality of all included trials according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias V.2 (Risk of Bias 2) tool for randomised trials. We will use the Review Manager software to perform a meta-analysis using a random-effects model and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to evaluate the quality of evidence.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this review because we will be using only published data. We plan to submit our review to peer-reviewed academic journals.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024525158