bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corrosion behavior of under‐, peak‐, and over‐aged 6063 alloy: A comparative study
Authors: Sekhar Aluru Praveen , Das Debdulal 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe mechanical property of age‐hardenable Al‐alloys is governed by the state of ageing, which determines the microstructure and consequently, their corrosion behavior which is a vital aspect for a number of applications. This article presents a comparative assessment of corrosion behavior of under‐, peak‐ and over‐aged Al‐Mg‐Si alloy. Corrosion characteristics have been determined via immersion tests in 0.1 M ortho‐phosphoric acid solution and intergranular corrosion (IGC) tests. Corroded surfaces are examined by field emission scanning electron micrographs‐energy dispersive spectroscopy and 3D optical profilometer. The obtained results reveal that the corrosion rate at a specific immersion time as well as the depth of IGC increases in the order for under‐, peak‐, and over‐aged states. Irrespective of the state of ageing, corrosion loss increases linearly but the rate of corrosion decreases rapidly with increasing immersion time. The dominant mode of corrosion in under‐aged alloy is identified as localized pitting, while peak‐aged is highly susceptible to IGC in contrast extensive pitting corrosion is observed for over‐aged alloy. The observed differences in corrosion behavior are explained considering characteristics of precipitates. Formation of β (Mg2Si) in case of over‐aged alloy and presence of inclusions like AlFeMnSi particles are found to accelerate pitting corrosion.
Reversible Hydrogen Releasing and Fixing with Poly(Vinylfluorenol) through a Mild Ir‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation and Electrochemical Hydrogenation
Authors: Kato Ryo , Oka Kouki , Yoshimasa Keisuke , Nakajima Masataka , Nishide Hiroyuki , Oyaizu Kenichi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe radical polymerization of 2‐vinylfluorenol, an alcohol derivative of vinylfluorene, gives poly(vinylfluorenol), which quantitatively releases hydrogen gas (≈110 mL per gram polymer at standard temperature and pressure) by simply warming at 100 °C with an iridium catalyst. A high population of fluorenol units in the polymer accomplishes a large formula‐weight‐based theoretical hydrogen density (1.0 wt%). The dehydrogenated ketone derivative, poly(vinylfluorenone), exhibits reversible negative‐charge storage with a high density of 260 mAh g−1. The electrolytically reduced poly(vinylfluorenone) is momentarily hydrogenated in the presence of an electrolyte with water as the hydrogen source to be converted to the original poly(vinylfluorenol). The formed poly(vinylfluorenol) almost quantitatively evolves hydrogen gas similar to the starting poly(vinylfluorenol). Both hydrogen and charge storage with the organic fluorenol/fluorenone polymer suggest a new type of energy‐storage configuration.
An Overview of Carotenoids, Apocarotenoids, and Vitamin A in Agro‐Food, Nutrition, Health, and Disease
Authors: Meléndez‐Martínez Antonio J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCarotenoids are fascinating compounds that can be converted into many others, including retinoids that also play key roles in many processes. Although carotenoids are largely known in the context of food science, nutrition, and health as natural colorants and precursors of vitamin A (VA), evidence has accumulated that even those that cannot be converted to VA may be involved in health‐promoting biological actions. It is not surprising that carotenoids (most notably lutein) are among the bioactives for which the need to establish recommended dietary intakes have been recently discussed. In this review, the importance of carotenoids (including apocarotenoids) and key derivatives (retinoids with VA activity) in agro‐food with relevance to health is summarized. Furthermore, the European Network to Advance Carotenoid Research and Applications in Agro‐Food and Health (EUROCAROTEN) is introduced. EUROCAROTEN originated from the Ibero‐American Network for the Study of Carotenoids as Functional Food Ingredients (IBERCAROT).
Climate impacts on the ocean are making the Sustainable Development Goals a moving target travelling away from us
Authors: Singh Gerald G. , Hilmi Nathalie , Bernhardt Joey R. , Cisneros Montemayor Andres M. , Cashion Madeline , Ota Yoshitaka , Acar Sevil , Brown Jason M. , Cottrell Richard , Djoundourian Salpie , González‐Espinosa Pedro C. , Lam Vicky , Marshall Nadine , Neumann Barbara , Pascal Nicolas , Reygondeau Gabriel , Rocklӧv Joacim , Safa Alain , Virto Laura R. , Cheung William 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Climate change is impacting marine ecosystems and their goods and services in diverse ways, which can directly hinder our ability to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), set out under the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

Through expert elicitation and a literature review, we find that most climate change effects have a wide variety of negative consequences across marine ecosystem services, though most studies have highlighted impacts from warming and consequences of marine species.

Climate change is expected to negatively influence marine ecosystem services through global stressors—such as ocean warming and acidification—but also by amplifying local and regional stressors such as freshwater runoff and pollution load.

Experts indicated that all SDGs would be overwhelmingly negatively affected by these climate impacts on marine ecosystem services, with eliminating hunger being among the most directly negatively affected SDG.

Despite these challenges, the SDGs aiming to transform our consumption and production practices and develop clean energy systems are found to be least affected by marine climate impacts. These findings represent a strategic point of entry for countries to achieve sustainable development, given that these two goals are relatively robust to climate impacts and that they are important pre‐requisite for other SDGs.

Our results suggest that climate change impacts on marine ecosystems are set to make the SDGs a moving target travelling away from us. Effective and urgent action towards sustainable development, including mitigating and adapting to climate impacts on marine systems are important to achieve the SDGs, but the longer this action stalls the more distant these goals will become.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Assessing effects of ultraviolet ageing on the thermal properties and thermal degradation kinetics of long glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 composites filled with zinc oxide
Authors: He Weidi , Guo Xincheng , Wang Na , Chen Shaopeng , Chen Xiaolang , Guo Jianbing , Zhang Kun , Wei Tao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this work, the effects of ultraviolet (UV) ageing on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, and thermal degradation kinetics of long glass fiber‐reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6/LGF) composites filled with zinc oxide (ZnO) are analyzed. The composites with different contents of ZnO expose in the UV radiation of the wavelength of 340 nm for 0 to 800 h. An increase in tensile strength and a decrease in impact strength are observed with longer ageing time while samples filled with ZnO have a higher retention rate of tensile and impact strength after long time ageing. The morphology of the impact fractures of aged and unaged samples obtained by scanning electronic microscopy shows nearly no difference. Then the thermal stability and degradation kinetics of the samples with different filler fraction and different ageing time are investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis with the methods of Kissinger, Friedman, and Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa in the dynamic measurements (10‐40°C/min). Calculated apparent activation energy (E) values by the three methods show that the samples filled with 6 wt% ZnO have a slightly lower value of E than PA6/LGF composites and nearly no change after longtime UV irradiation.
Bamboo particle reinforced polypropylene composites made from different fractions of bamboo culm: Fiber characterization and analysis of composite properties
Authors: Tan Wei , Hao Xiaolong , Fan Qi , Sun Lichao , Xu Junjie , Wang Qingwen , Ou Rongxian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDifferences in anatomical structure and chemical composition of bamboo fractions have an obvious influence on the properties of bamboo thermoplastic composites (BPCs). Six fractions of bamboo particles including bamboo culm (BC), bamboo green (BG), bamboo timber (BT), bamboo yellow (BY), bamboo node (BN), and bamboo processing residue (BR) were prepared and compounded with polypropylene (PP) to fabricate BPCs using extrusion. The anatomical structure, chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology of the bamboo particles were characterized. The processability, mechanical properties, creep‐recovery, and dynamic viscoelasticity of the BPCs were evaluated. The results show that the anatomical structure and composition of the bamboo fractions influenced the crystallinity, morphology, and aspect ratio (L/D) of the bamboo particles, as well as the performance of the resulting composites. BG had the largest crystallinity, length, and L/D, followed by BC and BT. BY was the shortest with the smallest L/D. The BC/PP composites exhibited the best processability and optimal mechanical properties. The BG/PP composites had the highest modulus and creep resistance. The BY/PP composites had the poorest processability and mechanical performance. These results indicate that BG from processing residues can be recycled into high‐value composites and provide a scientific basis for further research on BPCs made from bamboo processing residues.
Instructed‐assembly of small peptides inhibits drug‐resistant prostate cancer cells
Authors: Feng Zhaoqianqi , Wang Huaimin , Yi Meihui , Lo Chieh‐Yun , Sallee Ashanti , Hsieh Jer‐Tsong , Xu Bing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite multiple new‐drug approvals in recent years, prostate cancer remains a global health challenge because of the prostate cancers are resistant to androgen deprivation therapy. Here, we show that a small D‐phosphopeptide undergoes prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)‐instructed self‐assembly for inhibiting castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. Specifically, the installation of phosphate at the C‐terminal of a D‐tripeptide results in the D‐phosphopeptide. Dephosphorylating the D‐phosphopeptide by PAP forms uniform nanofibers that inhibit VCaP, a CRPC cell. A non‐hydrolyzable phosphate analogue of the D‐phosphopeptide, which shares similar self‐assembling properties with the D‐phosphopeptide, confirms that PAP‐instructed assembly is critical for the inhibition of VCaP. This work, for the first time, demonstrates PAP‐instructed self‐assembly of peptides for selective inhibiting CRPC cells.
The effect of turn residues on the folding and cell‐penetrating activity of β‐hairpin peptides and applications toward protein delivery
Authors: Miller Stephen E. , Schneider Joel P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCell‐penetrating peptides (CPPs) are useful tools for the delivery of a wide variety of cargo into cells. Our lab has developed two classes of CPPs based on β‐hairpin sequences, one that folds at the surface of cell membranes and the other that is intrinsically disordered. Although these peptides can effectively deliver different types of cargo, their use in protein delivery has been hindered due to the presence of non‐natural D‐proline within the central turn region of both sequences, which prohibits functionalizing proteins with the CPPs via standard expression protocols. In this work, we describe new CPPs that replace the non‐natural turn region with natural turn motifs amenable to protein expression. We first investigate how these changes within the turn affect various CPP‐related properties in the absence of protein cargo, and then generate protein fusions for intracellular delivery.
artMAP: A user‐friendly tool for mapping ethyl methanesulfonate‐induced mutations in Arabidopsis
Authors: Javorka Peter , Raxwal Vivek K. , Najvarek Jan , Riha Karel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMapping‐by‐sequencing is a rapid method for identifying both natural as well as induced variations in the genome. However, it requires extensive bioinformatics expertise along with the computational infrastructure to analyze the sequencing data and these requirements have limited its widespread adoption. In the current study, we develop an easy to use tool, artMAP, to discover ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) induced mutations in the Arabidopsis genome. The artMAP pipeline consists of well‐established tools including TrimGalore, BWA, BEDTools, SAMtools, and SnpEff which were integrated in a Docker container. artMAP provides a graphical user interface and can be run on a regular laptop and desktop, thereby limiting the bioinformatics expertise required. artMAP can process input sequencing files generated from single or paired‐end sequencing. The results of the analysis are presented in interactive graphs which display the annotation details of each mutation. Due to its ease of use, artMAP makes the identification of EMS‐induced mutations in Arabidopsis possible with only a few mouse click. The source code of artMAP is available on Github (https://github.com/RihaLab/artMAP).
Protein Function Prediction: From Traditional Classifier to Deep Learning
Authors: Lv Zhibin , Ao Chunyan , Zou Quan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDeep learning demonstrates greater competence over traditional machine learning techniques for many tasks. In last several years, deep learning has been applied to protein function prediction and a series of good achievements has been obtained. These findings extensively advanced our understanding of protein function. However, the accuracy of protein function prediction based upon deep learning still has yet to be improved. In article number 1900019, Issue 12, Zhang et al. construct DeepFunc, a deep learning framework using derived feature information of protein sequence and protein interactions network. They find that implementing DeepFunc for protein function prediction is more accurate than using DeepGO, a similar method reported previously. Meanwhile, they find that the method of combining multiple derived feature information in DeepFunc is much better than the method of using only single derived feature information. Due to its fully exploiting feature representation learning ability, deep learning with more derived feature information will enable it to be a promising method for solving more complicated protein function prediction problems and other bioinformatics challenges. Recent researches have provided some major insights into the value for using deep learning to protein function prediction problem.
High‐Pressure Characterization of High‐Performance Insensitive Energetic Materials: Dihydroxylammonium 5,5’‐Bis(3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐Triazolate‐1N‐Oxide) (MAD‐X1)
Authors: Bennion Jonathan C. , Ciezak‐Jenkins Jennifer A. , Jenkins Timothy A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe high‐pressure behavior of dihydroxylammonium 5,5’‐bis(3‐nitro‐1,2,4‐triazolate‐1 N‐oxide) (MAD‐X1) was studied at room temperature to 25 GPa by Raman spectroscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction. No evidence of polymorphism was observed over this pressure range, indicating that the ambient structure of MAD‐X1 remains stable up to conditions similar to the detonation pressure of the material. Additionally, such findings suggest that this high performance material can serve as an insensitive RDX replacement in energetic formulations without the concern of uncontrolled polymorphism that might otherwise affect the performance and safety of the munition.
Allogeneic Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: Safety Profile and Effect on Cytokine Levels
Authors: Riordan Neil H. , Hincapié Maria Luisa , Morales Isabela , Fernández Giselle , Allen Nicole , Leu Cindy , Madrigal Marialaura , Paz Rodríguez Jorge , Novarro Nelson 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) suffer from developmental disabilities that impact communication, behavior, and social interaction. Immune dysregulation and inflammation have been linked to children with ASD, the latter manifesting in serum levels of macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) and thymus, and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC). Mesenchymal stem cells derived from umbilical cord tissue (UC-MSCs) have immune-modulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, and have been safely used to treat a variety of conditions. This study investigated the safety and efficacy of UC-MSCs administered to children diagnosed with ASD. Efficacy was evaluated with the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and with measurements of MDC and TARC serum levels. Twenty subjects received a dose of 36 million intravenous UC-MSCs every 12 weeks (four times over a 9-month period), and were followed up at 3 and 12 months after treatment completion. Adverse events related to treatment were mild or moderate and short in duration. The CARS and ATEC scores of eight subjects decreased over the course of treatment, placing them in a lower ASD symptom category when compared with baseline. MDC and TARC inflammatory cytokine levels also decreased for five of these eight subjects. The mean MDC, TARC, ATEC, and CARS values attained their lowest levels 3 months after the last administration. UC-MSC administration in children with ASD was therefore determined to be safe. Although some signals of efficacy were observed in a small group of children, possible links between inflammation levels and ASD symptoms should be further investigated. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1008–1016
Synergistic Effects of Novel Superparamagnetic/Upconversion HA Material and Ti/Magnet Implant on Biological Performance and Long‐Term In Vivo Tracking
Authors: Li Xiyu , Zou Qin , Man Yi , Li Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo solve the clinical challenges presented by the long‐term tracking of implanted hydroxyapatite (HA) bone repair material and to investigate the synergistic effects of superparamagnetic HA and a static magnetic field (SMF) on the promotion of osteogenesis, herein a new type of superparamagnetic/upconversion‐generating HA material (HYH‐Fe) is developed via a two‐step doping method, as well as a specially‐designed titanium implant with a built‐in magnet to provide a local static magnetic field in vivo. The results show that the prepared HYH‐Fe material maintains the crystal structure of HA and exhibits good cytocompatibility. The combined use of the superparamagnetic HYH‐Fe material and SMF can effectively and synergistically promote osteogenesis/osteointegration surrounding the Ti implants. In addition, the HYH‐Fe material exhibits distinct advantages in terms of both long‐term fluorescence tracking and microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) tracking. The new material and tracking strategy in this study provide scientific feasibility and will have important clinical value for long‐term tracking and evaluation of implanted materials and the bone repair effect.
Assessment of the adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamic for Pb(II) removal using a low‐cost hybrid biowaste adsorbent, eggshell/coffee ground/sericite
Authors: Choi Hee‐Jeong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA hybrid adsorbent (CES), coffee grounds, eggshell powder and sericite as a binder, was prepared to remove Pb(II) from aqueous solution. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that the CES contained a large amount of OH groups and had a favorable structure for adsorbing heavy metals. The value of pHpzc of CES was estimated at 7.08. In the neutral pH region, the surface of CES is negatively charged and favorable for adsorption of Pb(II). The maximum Langmuir adsorption amount was 155.67 mg/g, and the adsorption process of Pb(II) using CES fitted pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, the analysis of adsorption energy, free energy, enthalpy, and entropy found that the adsorption of Pb(II) onto CES was physical and a spontaneous exothermic reaction. CES is a hybrid adsorbent using general municipal waste and has great advantages in terms of environmental conservation and sustainable environmental circulation. This allows it to compete with other adsorbents.Practitioner points

A hybrid adsorbent, coffee grounds, eggshell, and sericite (CES), was used to remove Pb(II)

Adsorption of Pb(II) using CES in an aqueous solution was physical rather than chemical

CES contained a large amount of OH groups and had a favorable structure for adsorbing heavy metals

The reactivity and strength of the adsorption of Pb(II) onto CES was very good

CES has great advantages in terms of environmental conservation and sustainable environmental circulation.
Sulfide and arsenic compounds removal from liquid digestate by ferric coagulation and toxicity evaluation
Authors: Qiu Zonglian , Zheng Tianxiang , Dai Qizhou , Chen Jianmeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe liquid digestate has been regarded as a potential organic fertilizer for its benefit in nutrients recovery. However, the potential risk of hazardous substances remaining in the wastewater was still one of the main obstacles for the wastewater application in the circular agriculture. The pretreatment is important to remove pollutants with relatively satisfied results. Ferric coagulation was a feasible way to simultaneously remove various contaminants in the wastewater with few residuals of ferric ions under alkaline and neutral conditions. In special, it could reduce the residues of sulfide and arsenic compounds. We gained insights into the mechanism of ferric coagulation in removing sulfide and arsenic compounds. Redox reaction and precipitation were the reasons resulting in removing sulfide. The formation of precipitate by combining with iron(III) contributes to the removal of arsenic compounds. Toxicity tests using Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa showed an obvious reduction of toxicity for the liquid digestate after ferric coagulation. Besides, ferric coagulation could efficiently remove turbidity, reduce COD, and eliminate dissolved organic matters correlated with the fate of heavy metal and antibiotics. Therefore, this paper could give basic data and technique supports for the secure utilization and pollution control of liquid digestate.Practitioner points

Most sulfide and arsenic compounds were removed by 0.01 M ferric coagulation.

Mechanisms on removing hazardous substances by ferric coagulation were discussed based on analysis of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FTIR.

The evaluation by two algae showed the toxicity of liquid digestate could be reduced obviously after ferric coagulation.