bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of functional magnetic resonance imaging, Wada test, magnetoencephalography, and functional transcranial Doppler sonography for memory and language outcome after epilepsy surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Schmid Elisabeth , Thomschewski Aljoscha , Taylor Alexandra , Zimmermann Georg , Kirschner Margarita , Kobulashvili Teia , Brigo Francesco , Rados Matea , Helmstaedter Christoph , Braun Kees , Trinka Eugen ,   on behalf of the E‐PILEPSY consortium
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveThe European Union–funded E‐PILEPSY project was launched to develop guidelines and recommendations for epilepsy surgery. In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), Wada test, magnetoencephalography (MEG), and functional transcranial Doppler sonography (fTCD) for memory and language decline after surgery.MethodsThe literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL. The diagnostic accuracy was expressed in terms of sensitivity and specificity for postoperative language or memory decline, as determined by pre‐ and postoperative neuropsychological assessments. If two or more estimates of sensitivity or specificity were extracted from a study, two meta‐analyses were conducted, using the maximum (“best case”) and the minimum (“worst case”) of the extracted estimates, respectively.ResultsTwenty‐eight papers were eligible for data extraction and further analysis. All tests for heterogeneity were highly significant, indicating large between‐study variability (P < 0.001). For memory outcomes, meta‐analyses were conducted for Wada tests (n = 17) using both memory and language laterality quotients. In the best case, meta‐analyses yielded a sensitivity estimate of 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67‐0.92) and a specificity estimate of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.47‐0.83). For the worst case, meta‐analyses yielded a sensitivity estimate of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.48‐0.82) and a specificity estimate of 0.46 (95% CI = 0.28‐0.65). The overall quality of evidence, which was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology, was rated as very low. Meta‐analyses concerning diagnostic accuracy of fMRI, fTCD, and MEG were not feasible due to small numbers of studies (fMRI, n = 4; fTCD, n = 1; MEG, n = 0). This also applied to studies concerning language outcomes (Wada test, n = 6; fMRI, n = 2; fTCD, n = 1; MEG, n = 0).SignificanceMeta‐analyses could only be conducted in a few subgroups for the Wada test with low‐quality evidence. Thus, more evidence from high‐quality studies and improved data reporting are required. Moreover, the large between‐study heterogeneity underlines the necessity for more homogeneous and thus comparable studies in future research.
“He Who Has the Spirits Must Work a Lot”: A Psycho‐Anthropological Account of Spirit Possession in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Cardeña Etzel , Schaffler Yvonne 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper we present a multidisciplinary, developmental analysis of a Dominican Republic Vodou servidor (“Marcos”), from childhood to early adulthood, integrating ethnographic observation, field documentation, and anthropological analysis, with relevant constructs from developmental, personality, and clinical psychology. Marcos transitioned from a child with many problems to a young adult who has learnt how to control and adapt dissociative manifestations into a professional role as a Vodou priest. Most empirical studies on spirit possession (SP) have rarely taken a longitudinal, multidisciplinary approach, which may better account for such a complex phenomenon. Adopting such an approach helps make sense of both the continuity and changes in Marcos, as well as of his community's shifting attitudes towards him. We describe how specific psychological and cultural conditions help explain the change from originally dysfunctional expressions of SP to personally and socially beneficial ones. [anomalous experience, dissociation, gender, spirit possession, Vodou]
DNA damage‐inducible transcript 4 is an innate guardian for human squamous cell carcinoma and an molecular vector for anti‐carcinoma effect of 1,25(OH)2D3
Authors: Zhang Xiaojiao , Luo Fuling , Li Jing , Wan Jingyuan , Zhang Li , Li Hongzhong , Chen Aijun , Chen Jin , Cai Tao , He Xian , Lisse Thomas S. , Zhao Hengguang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common non‐melanoma skin cancers worldwide. While its exact tumorigenesis mechanisms is far from well‐established and less satisfied therapeutic strategy can be clinically used nowadays. In this study, we intended to investigate the role of DNA damage‐inducible transcript 4 (DDIT4) in human SCC. Firstly, we identified DDIT4 is significantly suppressed in human SCC tissue and cultured A431 cell line, and reduced DDIT4 accelerates keratinocytes proliferation but impedes the autophagy flux through mTORC1 pathway by affecting the downstream S6 Kinase1, 4E‐BP1, Beclin1 and LC3 II/I. While 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced DDIT4 expression and activated autophagy and inhibit mTORC1 to take the effect of anti‐proliferation and activating autophagy. Further, formation of direct vitamin D receptor (VDR)‐DDIT4 transcription complex was verified by ChIP‐qPCR, which showed the molecular mechanism of how 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes DDIT4 transcription. Thirdly, xenograft tumor‐bearing mice model treated by gradient concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D3 revealed the obvious anti‐carcinoma effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 in vivo and DDIT4 acted the molecular vector of 1,25(OH)2D3 through mTORC1. Lastly, elevated DDIT4 expression was verified in human actinic keratoses tissue, and chronic long‐term ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on mouse disclosed UV could promote DDIT4 expression inside epidermis. Conclusively, our research suggested a novel molecular mechanism about the human SCC tumorigenesis and the pharmacological mechanism about how 1,25(OH)2D3 take its anti‐carcinoma role on human SCC, as well as a striking paradoxes that how UV irradiation plays the tumorigenesis effect but synchronously take a protective role in the early stage of SCC carcinogenesis.
The influence of climatic legacies on the distribution of dryland biocrust communities
Authors: Eldridge David J. , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPredicting the distribution of biocrust species, mosses, lichens and liverworts associated with surface soils is difficult, but climatic legacies (changes in climate over the last 20 k years) can improve our prediction of the distribution of biocrust species. To provide empirical support for this hypothesis, we used a combination of network analyses and structural equation modelling to identify the role of climatic legacies in predicting the distribution of ecological clusters formed by species of mosses, lichens and liverworts using data from 282 large sites distributed across 0.6 million km2 of eastern Australia. Two ecological clusters contained 87% of the 120 moss, lichen and liverwort species. Both clusters contained lichen, moss and liverwort species, but were dominated by different families. Sites where the air temperature increased the most over 20k years (positive temperature legacies) were associated with reductions in the relative abundance of species from the lichen (Peltulaceae and Teloschistaceae) and moss (Bryaceae) families (Cluster A species), greater groundstorey plant cover and lower soil pH. Sites where precipitation has increased over the past 20k years (positive precipitation legacy) were associated with increases in the relative abundance of lichen (Cladoniaceae, Lecideaceae and Thelotremataceae) and moss (Pottiaceae) families (Cluster B species) and lower levels of soil pH. Sites where temperatures have increased the most in the past 20k years suppressed the negative effects of plant cover on Cluster B by reducing plant cover. Increased intensity of grazing suppressed the negative effect of soil pH and the positive effect of soil carbon, on the relative abundance of Cluster B taxa. Finally, increasing temperature and precipitation legacies reduced the negative effect of soil pH on Cluster B. Understanding of the importance of climatic legacies improves our ability to predict how biocrust assemblies might respond to ongoing global environmental change associated with increasing land use intensification, increasing temperature and reduced rainfall.
The stability of coastal benthic biogeography over the last 10 million years
Authors: Kocsis Ádám T. , Reddin Carl J. , Kiessling Wolfgang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimWe demarcate marine benthic global bioregions based on fossil and recent occurrence data. Our main goal is to compare past and present biogeography and to extract major abiotic drivers of biogeographical patterns. We specifically test the hypothesis that global biogeography has changed markedly after the climatic fluctuations of the past 10 Myr.LocationWorldwide.Time periodRecent; late Miocene–Pleistocene interval.Major taxa studiedBenthic taxa with a rich fossil record: Bivalvia, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, Gastropoda, Echinodermata, Decapoda and reef corals.MethodsWe use occurrence data from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) and the Paleobiology Database to construct compositional networks and outline objective marine bioregions of benthic marine invertebrates using the “infomap” community detection algorithm. We assess the association of modern bioregions with a variety of environmental parameters by applying multivariate statistical analyses, such as principal components analysis, random forests and multiple logistic regressions.ResultsRecent first‐order bioregions for the coastal ocean are, in general, consistent across all taxa. Seawater temperature surpasses nutrients, primary production and salinity as a predictor of modern bioregion distributions. Despite substantial climatic variations, late Cenozoic biogeographical patterns recorded in fossils are very similar to modern ones.Main conclusionsBiogeographical boundaries within oceans are strongly controlled by temperature gradients, but open oceanic and continental barriers determine the global biogeographical structure. The joint structure of a landmass distribution, deep ocean basins and the latitudinal temperature gradient defines bioregionalization of the benthic marine habitat, which did not change substantially over the past 10 Myr.
Data‐Worth Assessment for a Three‐Dimensional Optimal Design in Nonlinear Groundwater Systems
Authors: Safi Amir , Vilhelmsen Troels N. , Alameddine Ibrahim , Abou Najm Majdi , El‐Fadel Mutasem 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGroundwater model predictions are often uncertain due to inherent uncertainties in model input data. Monitored field data are commonly used to assess the performance of a model and reduce its prediction uncertainty. Given the high cost of data collection, it is imperative to identify the minimum number of required observation wells and to define the optimal locations of sampling points in space and depth. This study proposes a design methodology to optimize the number and location of additional observation wells that will effectively measure multiple hydrogeological parameters at different depths. For this purpose, we incorporated Bayesian model averaging and genetic algorithms into a linear data‐worth analysis in order to conduct a three‐dimensional location search for new sampling locations. We evaluated the methodology by applying it along a heterogeneous coastal aquifer with limited hydrogeological data that is experiencing salt water intrusion (SWI). The aim of the model was to identify the best locations for sampling head and salinity data, while reducing uncertainty when predicting multiple variables of SWI. The resulting optimal locations for new observation wells varied with the defined design constraints. The optimal design (OD) depended on the ratio of the start‐up cost of the monitoring program and the installation cost of the first observation well. The proposed methodology can contribute toward reducing the uncertainties associated with predicting multiple variables in a groundwater system.
The politics of the unknown: Uncertainty and the nuclear threat in Britain, 1979–1985
Authors: Laucht Christoph 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article seeks to map out possibilities for conducting a microhistorical study of the socio‐political and cultural roles that uncertainty, as a consequence of a lack of verifiable knowledge, played in political debates over the nuclear threat in Britain in the Second Cold War. Focusing on this politics of the unknown in the period from 1979 to 1985 when Britain witnessed resurging fears of nuclear war, this exploratory essay sets out to make three main interventions: First, it conceptualizes “uncertainty” as a subjective social and cultural construct with fluid meanings that does not necessarily have to hold exclusively negative connotations but might offer opportunities for historical actors. Second, this essay proposes an examination of the politics of the unknown about the anticipated effects of a nuclear war within a wider synchronic economy of non‐nuclear‐weapons‐related concerns such as de‐industrialization or unemployment. Finally, the article introduces the periodization of “Britain's long nuclear 1980s” to allow for a consideration of relevant diachronic aspects of this politics of the unknown, thereby adding further depth to the microhistory. Throughout, this exploratory study draws on historical examples to illustrate its key theoretical points.
Therapeutic efficacy of chlorhexidine‐based mouthwashes and its adverse events: Performance‐related evaluation of mouthwashes added with Anti‐Discoloration System and cetylpyridinium chloride
Authors: Guerra Fabrizio , Pasqualotto Debora , Rinaldo Francesca , Mazur Marta , Corridore Denise , Nofroni Italo , Ottolenghi Livia , Nardi Gianna Maria 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo compare 3 mouthwashes: 0.20% chlorhexidine (CHX) with Anti‐Discoloration System (ADS), 0.20% CHX and 0.12% CHX with 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), in terms of reduction of plaque and gingival bleeding and side effects.MethodsMild gingivitis patients were randomly divided into three Groups: they underwent professional oral hygiene and received instructions: oral rinse with 10 mL for 1', twice a day, 30' after tooth brushing, for 14 days. Primary outcomes were plaque and gingival bleeding, assessed with Plaque Control Record and Gingival Bleeding Index. Feedback questionnaire and spectrophotometer evaluated secondary outcomes: adverse events. Timing of the study was T0 (baseline), T1 (professional oral hygiene) and T2 (14th day after mouthwash use).ResultsSixty‐six patients were recruited, two patients dropped out, and 64 patients completed the study. PCR T1‐T2 mean variation was 30.67 (SD = 15.22; 95% CI 23.55 to 37.80; P = 0.000), 19.93 (SD = 11.03; 95% CI 14.90 to 24.95; P = 0.000) and 16.24 (SD = 15.35; 95% CI 9.60 to 22.88; P = 0.000) respectively in Groups 0.2% CHX + ADS, 0.2% CHX and 0.12% CHX + CPC. GBI mean variation (T0‐T2) was −9.82 (SD = 9.27; 95% CI −5.48 to 14.16; P = 0.000), −19.31 (SD = 11.33; 95% CI −14.15 to −24.47; P = 0.000) and −21.13 (SD = 12.56; 95% CI −15.70 to −26.56; P = 0.000) respectively in Groups 0.2% CHX + ADS, 0.2% CHX and 0.12% CHX + CPC. Statistical significance was found in lower efficacy of 0.2% CHX + ADS Group. Patients tolerated 0.12% CHX + CPC mouthwash better in bleeding perception (95.5%; P = 0.046), burning sensation (13.6%; P = 0.006), and mouthwash taste (100%; P = 0.000). Results on staining were no statistically significant (P = 0.106).ConclusionsAddition of CPC allows reduction of CHX percentage in mouthwash formulation while keeping equal efficacy and less side effects. ADS addition decreases CHX efficacy in reducing plaque and bleeding, while resulting more tolerated than CHX.
Speciation pattern of the horned ghost crab Ocypode ceratophthalmus (Pallas, 1772): An evaluation of the drivers of Indo‐Pacific marine biodiversity using a widely distributed species
Authors: Ma Ka Yan , Chow Lai Him , Wong Kingsley J. H. , Chen Hsi‐Nien , Ip Brian H. Y. , Schubart Christoph D. , Tsang Ling Ming , Chan Benny K. K. , Chu Ka Hou 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe high species richness of the Indo‐Australian Archipelago (IAA) marine biodiversity hotspot has been attributed to three competing hypotheses: Centre of Origin/Centre of Overlap/Centre of Accumulation. While most phylogeographic studies testing these hypotheses have focused on marine fishes, we provide a new perspective on this evolutionary important question by examining the population genetics of the horned ghost crab Ocypode ceratophthalmus sensu lato (Ocypodidae) whose distribution spans the entire Indo‐Pacific and contains at least two colour morphs.LocationIndo‐Pacific region, spanning from East Africa, India, East Asia to Central Pacific.MethodsPopulation genetics analyses based on mitochondrial COI and nuclear NaK intron sequences of O. ceratophthalmus from 39 sites throughout the Indo‐Pacific.ResultsWe found at least three genetically distinct geographical clades in O. ceratophthalmus, corresponding to the east, west and central region of the species’ range. Divergent clades were found to have originated in the peripheral Central Pacific and West Indian Ocean. Populations at the eastern margin of IAA harbour the highest genetic diversity, due to the co‐existence of east and central clades in these populations.Main conclusionsPeripheral isolation plays an important role in shaping evolutionary history of this species. Particularly, secondary dispersal of divergent lineages from the Central Pacific contributes to the high diversity found in the IAA. Thus, the Centre of Accumulation hypothesis best describes the evolutionary and demographic history of O. ceratophthalmus.
Postglacial range expansion shaped the spatial genetic structure in a marine habitat‐forming species: Implications for conservation plans in the Eastern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Frleta‐Valić Maša , Kipson Silvija , Antunes Agostinho , Cebrian Emma , Linares Cristina , Sánchez Pablo , Leblois Raphael , Garrabou Joaquim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimUnderstanding how historical and contemporary processes shaped and maintain spatial patterns of genetic diversity is a major goal for conservation biologists. Here, we characterized the pattern of neutral genetic diversity and we inferred underlying processes in the habitat‐forming octocoral Paramuricea clavata in the Adriatic Sea, a peculiar phylogeographic region of the Mediterranean Sea.LocationEastern coast of the Adriatic Sea.MethodsWe genotyped seven microsatellites in 454 individuals of P. clavata from 13 populations recolonized after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We estimated the levels of contemporary connectivity and genetic drift and we reconstructed the demographic history of these populations.ResultsThe pattern of spatial genetic structure resulted from the combination of hierarchical genetic clusters and isolation by distance (IBD). A significant decrease in genetic diversity and an increase of the frequencies of individual alleles likely due to allele surfing from the south to the north of the area were observed as expected after a postglacial sequential recolonization. Based on maximum likelihood analyses, the foundation of these populations was not linked to dramatic change in population size.Main conclusionOceanographic barriers to gene flow combined to the restricted dispersal of P. clavata likely maintain the hierarchical structure and the IBD pattern. We suggest that the latitudinal genetic gradient results from a northward “serial founder events” recolonization. By integrating patterns and processes, we bridge the gap between the evolutionary and the conservation biology of P. clavata, providing management guidelines, which will benefit the associated coralligenous biodiversity.
Host suitability and feeding preference of the African citrus triozid Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae), natural vector of “Candidatus Liberibacter africanus”
Authors: Aidoo Owusu Fordjour , Tanga Chrysantus Mbi , Khamis Fathiya Mbarak , Rasowo Brenda Amondi , Mohamed Samira Abuelgasim , Badii Benjamin Kongyeli , Salifu Daisy , Sétamou Mamoudou , Ekesi Sunday , Borgemeister Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAfrican citrus greening (ACGD) and huanglongbing (HLB) diseases are the most damaging diseases of citrus worldwide. Currently, the disease has no cure and has been attributed to the collapse of the citrus industry in several countries. In Africa, the causative agent “Candidatus” Liberibacter africanus is vectored by African citrus triozid (ACT) Trioza erytreae Del Guercio (Hemiptera: Triozidae). African citrus triozid is native to Africa but has been recently reported in Asia and Europe. Apart from citrus, Murraya koenigii (L.) and Clausena anisata (Willd) Hook. F. ex Benth. are also considered as preferred host plants. At present, there is scant information on host plant suitability and preference of T. erytreae. Also, there are contradictory reports on its reproduction and survival on rutaceous and non‐rutaceous host plants. In the present study, we tested the suitability and preference of rutaceous and non‐rutaceous trees and shrubs as potential ACT host plants in choice and no‐choice bioassays. The development from egg to the adult stage was longest on Calodendrum capense (Wright & Arn.) Engl. Host plants of superior quality accordingly to several ACT's biological parameters measured also revealed significantly higher morphometric characteristics. Our findings on the host status of the five rutaceous plants imply that these plants can greatly influence the population dynamics of ACT as well as the epidemiology of ACGD, and these can be a useful guide in the area‐wide management of the pest in Kenya.
Modeling and simulation of moisture transfer during solar drying of carrot slices
Authors: Mahapatra Archana , Tripathy Punyadarshini Punam 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCarrot slices of 0.03 m diameter and 0.005 m thickness were dried in direct, indirect and mixed mode type natural convection solar dryers. Thin layer drying behavior of carrot slices was studied using 10 empirical and semi‐empirical mathematical models. Wang and Singh model described the drying behavior of carrot accurately with maximum values of coefficient of determination (R2) and minimum reduced chi‐square (χ2), and root mean square error (RMSE). The effective diffusivity (Deff) and convective mass transfer coefficient (hm) of carrot slices ranged from 2.59 × 10−8−6.36 × 10−8 m2/s and 3.15 × 10−7 to 4.28 × 10−7 m/s, respectively, with maximum values obtained for mixed mode solar dried samples followed by direct and indirect solar dried samples. The diffusivity of carrot slices dried in direct, indirect and mixed‐mode solar dryer were expressed as a function of temperature using Arrhenius relation. Finite element model was developed using COMSOL Multiphysics software to simulate moisture ratio during drying. The developed model predicted the transient moisture migration phenomenon inside the samples precisely during the drying process.Practical applicationsThe ever increasing worriment on climate change and growing demand for enactment of clean energy technologies in food industries is the motivation for investigating the solar drying behavior of carrot slices. It is well known that the physico‐chemical and sensorial changes during drying are very much dependent on the moisture content of food product. In this regard, proper understanding and controlling of the solar drying process by accurately predicting moisture distribution inside the product will result in superior quality dried products. Moreover, mathematical models will assist in predicting the drying behavior of food product by analyzing the influence of process parameters and will be helpful to minimize the cost of drying process and deterioration of quality attributes of the product. The use of solar dryers is a proven technology and the food industry should promote its practical applications in food processing sector.