bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of amplitude and stability of circadian rhythm and occupational stress on burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among irregular shift working nurses
Authors: Bagheri Hosseinabadi Majid , Ebrahimi Mohammad Hossein , Khanjani Narges , Biganeh Jamal , Mohammadi Somaye , Abdolahfard Mazaher 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo investigate the relation between the circadian rhythm amplitude and stability, and occupational stress with burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among shift working nurses.BackgroundIrregular shift working nurses are prone to burnout syndrome (BS) and job dissatisfaction (JD). circadian rhythm difference and occupational stress might be effective in causing burnout syndrome and dissatisfaction.DesignIn total, 684 nurses who worked in four teaching hospitals were selected by stratified random sampling in a cross‐sectional design based on STROBE guidelines.MethodsThe data were collected by the Circadian Type Inventory, Job Content Questionnaire, Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Multiple linear regression, one‐way ANOVA and independent t test were used for statistical analysis by SPSS v24.ResultsAbout 15% of the nurses suffered from high levels of burnout syndrome. Psychological demand (β = 0.022, CI 95% = 0.003‒0.047 and β = 0.016, CI 95% = 0.001‒0.032) and workplace support (β = −0.043, CI 95% = −0.097–0.003 and β = −0.025, CI 95% = −0.046–0.006) were significant predictors of BS and JD. Male nurses reported lower BS and higher JD compared to female nurses. Irregular shift working schedule was also related to a significantly higher odd of BS (p = 0.009) and JD (p = 0.011). Nurses classified as languid experienced significantly more BS and JD than vigorous nurses.ConclusionThis study shows that BS and JD were strongly associated with psychological demand and workplace support; and vigorous nurses were less prone to BS and JD, and were more suitable for irregular shift work.Relevance to clinical practiceIn order to reduce burnout syndrome and job dissatisfaction among irregular shift working nurses, we need to identify the effect of risk factors such as individual differences on the circadian rhythm and job demand which can affect nurses who work in irregular schedules.
Discharge of older patients with chronic diseases: What nurses do and what they record. An observational study
Authors: Facchinetti Gabriella , Ianni Andrea , Piredda Michela , Marchetti Anna , D’Angelo Daniela , Dhurata Ivziku , Matarese Maria , De Marinis Maria Grazia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe which nursing activities are observed during the discharge of older patients with chronic diseases and to investigate the consistency between the nursing activities actually observed and those documented.BackgroundThe discharge from hospital of older patients with chronic diseases is a critical transition that can lead to dissatisfaction, delays in discharge, re‐admission, adverse events and increased mortality. Although nurses’ interventions during discharge are important for patient outcomes, little is known about the nursing activities actually performed as compared with those documented.DesignAn observational study of the nursing activities performed during patients’ discharge and a retrospective audit of the nursing records of the same patients and nurses.MethodsStructured nonparticipant observations were conducted of the activities performed by nurses at discharge. A retrospective audit of the nursing records relating to patient discharge, including the nursing diary and the assessment of critical issues at hospital discharge, was also conducted. The STROBE guidelines were followed (See Supporting Information Appendix S2).ResultsDuring hospital discharge of 102 patients, 1,224 nursing activities were observed. The number of activities was not related to patients’ age, gender and educational level, nor to nurses’ postgraduate education. Statistically significant correlations emerged between the number of activities observed and the nurses’ work experience.ConclusionsA predefined discharge plan guiding nurses’ activities during discharge would enable them to respond better to the care needs of elderly patients.Relevance to clinical practiceResults from the study could help clinical nurses to address care priorities of patients at discharge, by using appropriate plans and checklists and improving recording rates. Novice nurses should be supported when caring for elderly patients with chronic disease at discharge.
Comparison between laparoscopic uterus/sacrocolpopexy and total pelvic floor reconstruction with vaginal mesh for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Wei Dongmei , Wang Ping , Niu Xiaoyu , Zhao Xia 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimTo compare total pelvic floor reconstruction with vaginal mesh (TVM) and laparoscopic uterus/sacrocolpopexy (LSC) for the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP).MethodsSix hundred and seventy patients with POP stage 3 and 4 underwent LSC (n = 350) or TVM (n = 320) at the West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University between January 2011 and December 2016. Retrospective analysis was done to compare the POP‐Q value before operation and 6 months, 5 years after operation, also compare the, patient global impression of change (PGI‐C), pelvic floor distress inventory (PFDI‐20) and pelvic floor impact questionnaire (PFIQ‐7). Patients were followed for a median 36 months. Thirty‐five patients in the LSC and 37 in the TVM groups were lost to follow‐up.ResultsPreoperative POP value and disease course were similar (P = 0.075). The LSC group was younger (52.8 ± 6.8 vs. 63.9 ± 8.7 years, P = 0.037). Intraoperative bleeding was smaller in the LSC group (74.4 ± 33.2 vs. 150.4 ± 80.3 mL, P < 0.01), with longer operation time (130.0 ± 34.1 min vs 100.4 ± 40.4 min, P < 0.035). The patients were followed for 10–60 months (median, 36 months). Postoperative PISQ‐12 (P < 0.01) was better in the LSC group. PFDI‐20 and PFIQ‐7 were improved after operation in both groups. Objective satisfaction (94.9% vs 91.9%, P > 0.05) and recurrence rate (8.4% vs 5.1%, P = 0.064) were similar. No infection or fistula occurred after operation in both groups. The complication rate of intraoperative bladder injury and postoperative perineal pain in LSC group was lower than those in the TVM group (P < 0.05).ConclusionLSC showed no serious adverse events and led to higher postoperative satisfaction than TVM in selected patients. Nevertheless, treatment should be selected in accordance with the willingness and condition of each patient.
Do land use restrictions increase restaurant quality and diversity?
Authors: Shoag Daniel , Veuger Stan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is significant evidence that restrictions on residential land use reduce housing supply, increase house prices, and limit inflows of low‐income households. Local decision‐makers often argue that their efforts are mere attempts to preserve local amenities. We provide evidence that there is some truth to this claim: that residents of cities with more restrictions on land use appear to have access to higher‐quality and more diverse restaurants. In the process, we develop measures of restaurant quality based on organically generated data that, while strongly correlated with expert assessments, are more easily calculated at high frequencies and levels of geographic granularity.
Determinants of postdisplacement reemployment outcomes and occupation changes
Authors: Kosteas Vasilios D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe investigate the roles played by agglomeration (proxied by population density) and occupational distribution on postdisplacement employment outcomes for US workers, focusing on the probability of being employed, the likelihood of changing occupations, and the occupational distance between the old and new occupations (where occupational distance is defined as the difference in job tasks between two occupations). Overall, we find that the local occupational distribution has a greater impact on our outcome variables compared with our agglomeration measure. Our findings suggest policy makers should look closely at occupational distribution when designing job training programs and proposals for relocation vouchers.
Imidazole alkaloids inhibit the pro-inflammatory mechanisms of human neutrophil and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in vivo
Authors: Rocha Talita Magalhães , Machado Nuno J , de Sousa João Antonio Costa , Araujo Emmanuel Vinicius Oliveira , Guimaraes Maria Adelaide , Lima David Fernandes , Leite José Roberto de Souza de Almeida , Leal Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Epiisopiloturine (EPI) and epiisopilosine (EPIIS) are side products in the pharmaceutical industry. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of the alkaloids EPI and EPIIS in human neutrophils and mechanical hyperalgesia in mice.

Methods
Neutrophils (5 × 106 cells/ml) incubated with EPI and EPIIS and stimulated by the addition of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate. The release of myeloperoxidase (MPO), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, calcium influx, gene expression of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines production were evaluated. It was also investigated the effect these alkaloids on carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia model in mice.

Key findings
We demonstrated that both EPI and EPIIS inhibited the degranulation of activated neutrophils. This effect was accompanied by the reduction in ROS, the prevention of the increase in intracellular Ca2+ and decrease in the density of cytosolic NF-κB, and inhibition of TNF-α and IL-6 production. Evaluating hypernociception in mice, EPI and EPIIS inhibited carrageenan-induced inflammatory hypernociception and reduced MPO levels.

Conclusions
The results obtained suggest EPI and EPIIS not only inhibit neutrophils functions in vitro, but also exhibits anti-inflammatory properties in vivo, acting through the modulation of the activation and/or accumulation of neutrophils in the inflammatory focus. Thus, EPI and EPIIS possess promising anti-inflammatory therapeutic potential.
Measuring traffic lane‐changing by converting video into space–time still images
Authors: Sala Marcel , Soriguera Francesc , Huillca Kevin , Vilaplana Verónica 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEmpirical data is needed in order to extend our knowledge of traffic behavior. Video recordings are used to enrich typical data from loop detectors. In this context, data extraction from videos becomes a challenging task. Setting automatic video processing systems is costly, complex, and the accuracy achieved is usually not enough to improve traffic flow models. In contrast “visual” data extraction by watching the recordings requires extensive human intervention. A semiautomatic video processing methodology to count lane‐changing in freeways is proposed. The method allows counting lane changes faster than with the visual procedure without falling into the complexities and errors of full automation. The method is based on converting the video into a set of space–time still images, from where to visually count. This methodology has been tested at several freeway locations near Barcelona (Spain) with good results. A user‐friendly implementation of the method is available on http://bit.ly/2yUi08M.
Towards Hroch's Phase Z: ‘anti‐nationalism’ in Valencia and Navarre (Spain)
Authors: Zabaltza Xabier 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper explains the difficulties in applying Hroch's three‐phase scheme to much of the Catalan‐ and Basque‐speaking territories and proposes a new phase, Phase Z, which takes place as a reaction against the advance of the ‘national movement’ of the ‘non‐dominant ethnic group’ in areas in which it is weak or in a minority position. This study is limited to Valencian anti‐Catalanism and Navarrese anti‐Basquism, but the possibility is left open for this stage to be applicable to other ‘anti‐nationalisms’ (Irish unionism, for example).
Measurement and interpretation of hemoglobin concentration in clinical and field settings: a narrative review
Authors: Karakochuk Crystal D. , Hess Sonja Y. , Moorthy Denish , Namaste Sorrel , Parker Megan E. , Rappaport Aviva I. , Wegmüller Rita , Dary Omar ,   the HEmoglobin MEasurement (HEME) Working Group
Published: January 2019

AbstractAnemia affects over 800 million women and children globally. Defined as a limited or insufficient functional red blood cell supply in peripheral blood, anemia causes a reduced oxygen supply to tissues and can have serious health consequences for women and children. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration is most commonly measured for anemia diagnosis. Methods to measure Hb are usually invasive (requiring a blood sample); however, advances in diagnostic and clinical chemistry over the past decade have led to the development of new noninvasive methods. Accurate diagnosis at the individual level is important to identify individuals who require treatment. At the population level, anemia prevalence estimates are often the impetus for national nutrition policies or programs. Thus, it is essential that methods for Hb measurement are sensitive, specific, accurate, and reproducible. The objective of our narrative review is to describe the basic principles, advantages, limitations, and quality control issues related to methods of Hb measurement in clinical and field settings. We also discuss other biomarkers and tests that can help to determine the severity and underlying causes of anemia. In conclusion, there are many established and emerging methods to measure Hb concentration, each with their own advantages, limitations, and factors to consider before use.
Effects of atrial electromechanical delay and ventriculoatrial conduction over the atrial functions in patients with frequent extrasystole and preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Gurbuz Ahmet Seyfeddin , Ozturk Semi , Kilicgedik Alev , Akgun Taylan , Kalkan Mehmet Emin , Demir Serdar , Efe Suleyman Cagan , Acar Rezzan Deniz , Akcakoyun Mustafa , Kirma Cevat 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe deterioration of left atrial and ventricular functions was demonstrated in patients with frequent ventricular extrasystole (fVES). The exact pathophysiology of left atrial dysfunction in patients with fVES is unclear. Retrograde ventriculoatrial conduction (VAC) often accompanies fVES, which may contribute to atrial dysfunction. We investigated whether atrial electromechanical delay and VAC are related to these atrial functions in patients with frequent right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) VES and preserved ejection fraction (pEF).MethodsThis study included 21 patients with pEF (eight males, 48 ± 11 years), who had experienced more than 10 000 RVOT‐VES during 24‐h Holter monitoring and had undergone electrophysiological study/ablation. The study also included 20 healthy age‐ and sex‐matched control subjects. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on all of the subjects. Atrial conduction time was obtained by using tissue Doppler imaging. Strain analysis was performed with two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.ResultsThe peak atrial longitudinal strain was significantly impaired in patients with fVES (P = 0.01). In addition, although the interatrial and left atrial conduction delay times were significantly different between each group (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), the right atrial conduction delay times were similar. When patients with fVES were divided into groups depending on the existence of retrograde VAC, atrial deformation parameters and conduction delay time did not significantly differ between either group.ConclusionFrequent RVOT‐VES causes left atrial dysfunction. This information is obtained through strain analyses and recordings of left atrial conduction times in patients with pEF. Regardless, retrograde VAC is not related to atrial dysfunction.
Recognizing psychiatric presentations of anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis in children and adolescents: A synthesis of published reports
Authors: Gurrera Ronald J. 
Published: January 2019

AimThe aim of this study was to improve early recognition of anti‐N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor encephalitis (anti‐NMDArE) in children and adolescents by identifying characteristic temporal patterns of clinical features in patients likely to be referred for psychiatric evaluation. In this form of autoimmune encephalitis, NMDAr hypofunction is caused by autoantibodies to receptor surface components. Clinical outcomes following prompt immunotherapy are usually good, but delayed treatment often results in a protracted course with significant residual disability or death. Anti‐NMDArE frequently mimics psychiatric disorders, so most patients are referred initially to a psychiatrist and treated for days or weeks before being correctly diagnosed.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases identified all published reports of antibody‐confirmed anti‐NMDArE associated with psychiatric symptoms in patients <19 years old. Redundant reports were eliminated manually. For each patient, the order in which each feature was first observed was ranked relative to others. Median temporal ranks were used to compare the sequencing of individual features and major symptom domains.ResultsOne hundred and sixty seven cases (121 females) met the inclusion criteria. The most common features were dyskinesias (77.8%), seizures (72.5%), mutism or staring (40.7%), insomnia (39.5%), language dysfunction (36.5%), fever (31.1%), disorientation/confusion (28.7%), reduced arousal (28.1%), and memory disturbance (26.9%). The configuration and temporal sequencing of features were highly variable between individuals.ConclusionClinicians need to suspect this disorder: if new behavioral symptoms arise in the context of a recent viral prodrome; if they are accompanied by dyskinesias, seizures or insomnia; or if psychiatric symptoms are unusual (e.g., non‐verbal auditory hallucinations).
Corruption as Resource Transfer: An Interdisciplinary Synthesis
Authors: Jancsics David 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Despite significant investment in anticorruption instruments in the past decades, confusion about their effectiveness remains. While a growing body of scholarship claims that anticorruption reforms have generally failed, other scholars have shown that particular anticorruption tools may actually work. A likely explanation for these puzzling outcomes is that public administration research holds a mistaken view of corruption, and improperly selected anticorruption strategies often target the wrong type of corruption. To overcome this problem, this article proposes a four‐cell typology of corruption, reflecting two critical dimensions along which most corrupt behaviors occur: the resource transfer and the primary beneficiary. Synthesizing recent research developments, this article introduces a new conceptualization of corruption that integrates perspectives from several disciplines. It also offers a series of propositions concerning how each corruption type could be fought. The article concludes with implications for research and practice.
Drivers of Policy Instrument Selection for Environmental Management by Local Governments
Authors: Krause Rachel M. , Hawkins Christopher V. , Park Angela Y. S. , Feiock Richard C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLocal governments commonly pursue environmental objectives that exceed state and federal minimum requirements. Although research informs our understanding of factors that lead cities to adopt such policy goals, the underlying mechanisms employed to achieve them are not well understood. This article examines factors that drive the choice of policy instruments that cities use to pursue local environmental objectives. The literature links the structure of the local governing body, characteristics of the community and target populations, and the nature of the policy problem to instrument selection. Building on this, the authors model the dynamics shaping cities' use of regulations, financial incentives, or combination thereof, to pursue a variety of different environmental objectives. Results indicate that community racial composition and political leaning influence instrument choice when policy targets the public at large. Alternatively, when policy targets particular stakeholder groups, such as developers, the characteristics of the local governing body are of greater importance.
Airway clearance, mucoactive therapies and pulmonary rehabilitation in bronchiectasis
Authors: O'Neill Katherine , O'Donnell Anne E. , Bradley Judy M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to provide physiological rationale for airway clearance, mucoactive therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) (or exercise interventions) in bronchiectasis. There is increasing emphasis on the role of airway clearance techniques (ACT) in the management of bronchiectasis. No single ACT has currently shown superior effect over another. Given the large range of different techniques available, consideration of the physiological effects underpinning a technique including expiratory flow, ventilation and oscillation, is essential to effectively personalize ACT. Key clinical trials of mucoactives in bronchiectasis are underway and will provide clarity on the role of these agents in the management of patients with bronchiectasis. Prescription of mucoactive therapies should be done in conjunction with ACT and therefore the mechanism of action of mucoactive drugs and their timing with ACT should be taken into consideration. PR and/or exercise training are recommended in all current bronchiectasis guidelines. There is a clear physiological rationale that muscle weakness and physical inactivity may play a role in disease progression as well as impacting health‐related quality of life, frequency of pulmonary exacerbations and ability to mobilize sputum. However, there are residual unanswered questions surrounding the delivery and accessibility to PR. This review summarizes the physiological principles and supporting evidence for airway clearance, mucoactive medication and PR, which are key components in the management of bronchiectasis.