bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Social Construction of the Pathological Gambler's Identity and Its Relationship With Social Adaptation: Narratives From Members of Italian Gambling Anonymous and Gam-Anon Family Groups
Authors: Venuleo Claudia , Marinaci Tiziana 
Published: March 2018

According to a socio-constructionist perspective, pathological gamblers’ “subjectivities” emerge out of social networks and networks of meaning-making in which scientists, politicians, health services, and common people take an active part. We are interested in showing how a legitimated view (socio-cultural model) of problem gambling as a disease affects the way in which the members of Gamblers Anonymous (GA) self-groups understand and present their identity and talk about their problem and the help they have received. The work is based on a qualitative analysis of 35 in-depth, semi-structured, open-ended interviews, 25 with gamblers who attend Italian GA self-help groups and 10 with gamblers’ relatives who attend Gam-Anon family groups. The main themes arising from the interviews show how a dominant view of problem gambling as a lifelong chronic illness opens the door to reconciliation with oneself and one’s relatives. This work provides insights into the close relationship between acculturation to a pathological identity, moral reconciliation, and “social belonging” that occurs through conforming to the GA group. Selon un point de vue socio-constructiviste, les «subjectivités» des joueurs pathologiques émergent des réseaux sociaux et des réseaux de création de sens dans lesquels les scientifiques, les politiciens, les services de santé et les personnes ordinaires participent activement. Nous sommes intéressés à montrer comment une vision légitimée (modèle socio-culturel) du jeu problématique en tant que maladie affecte la façon dont les membres des groupes autonomes de Gamblers Anonymes (GA) comprennent et présentent leur identité et parlent de leur problème et de l'aide qu’ils ont reçu. Le travail est basé sur une analyse qualitative de 35 entrevues approfondies, semi-structurées et ouvertes, 25 avec des joueurs qui fréquentent des groupes d'entraide italiens de GA et 10 avec des parents de joueurs qui fréquentent des groupes familiaux Gam-Anon. Les principaux thèmes découlant des entrevues montrent comment une vision dominante du jeu problématique en tant que maladie chronique tout au long de la vie ouvre la voie à la réconciliation avec soi-même et avec ses proches. Ce travail donne un aperçu de la relation étroite entre l'acculturation à une identité pathologique, une réconciliation morale et une «appartenance sociale» qui se produit en se conformant au groupe GA.
Win or Lose: Negotiating meaning of time and money within three gambling settings
Authors: Robillard Chantal , Kairouz Sylvia , Monson Eva 
Published: March 2018

The rational management of expenditures has received much attention in the evaluation of problem gambling, overlooking however the contribution of the sociocultural context in which gambling occurs. This paper examines how moderate-risk and problem gamblers develop specific semantic frames within three settings—private, casino, and online—to structure time and money management to cope with all the contingencies associated with games of chance. Data were drawn from a qualitative component of a large survey of gambling practices conducted in 2008 among a random representative sample of Canadian undergraduate students. Focus groups were held with non-problem/low-risk gamblers (n = 15) and 90-minute semi-structured interviews were conducted with the moderate-risk/problem gamblers (n = 12). Analysis was carried out by applying a theory-driven coding template derived from a syncretic theoretical model combining an adapted version of an ecological model of gambling with game studies approaches. The exploration of three gambling settings demonstrates how each setting structures meaning and management of time and money. Negotiations between players of such structuro-semantic frames are central to maintaining each participant’s ease and engagement with the game. This intersubjectivity needs to be addressed when understanding risk and should be included in future health promotion efforts.La gestion rationnelle des dépenses a suscité beaucoup d’attention dans l’évaluation du jeu problématique, mais on a négligé l’influence du contexte socioculturel dans lequel se pratique le jeu. Cet article examine comment les joueurs à risque modéré et compulsifs développent des trames sémantiques spécifiques dans trois contextes (privé, casino, en ligne) pour organiser la gestion du temps et de l’argent afin de faire face à toutes les contingences associées aux jeux de hasard. Les données ont été tirées d’une composante qualitative d’un grand sondage sur les pratiques de jeu mené en 2008 auprès d’un échantillon représentatif aléatoire d’étudiants canadiens de premier cycle. Des groupes de discussion ont été organisés avec des joueurs sans problème/à faible risque (n = 15) et des entretiens semi-structurés de 90 minutes ont été réalisés avec des joueurs à risque modéré ou compulsifs (n = 12). L’analyse a été réalisée en appliquant un modèle de codage théorique dérivé d’un modèle syncrétique combinant une version adaptée d’un modèle écologique de jeu à des approches d’études de jeu. L’exploration de trois contextes de jeu démontre comment chaque contexte structure le sens et la gestion du temps et de l’argent. Les négociations entre les éléments de ces cadres structuro-sémantiques sont essentielles pour maintenir l’aisance et l’engagement du joueur avec le jeu. Cette intersubjectivité doit être abordée pour la compréhension du risque et incluse dans les futurs efforts de promotion de la santé.
On the Feasibility of In-Venue Observations of Electronic Gaming Machine Gamblers and Game Characteristics
Authors: Landon Jason , Du Preez Katie Palmer , Bellringer Maria , Abbott Max , Roberts Amanda 
Published: March 2018

Detailed observational studies of undisturbed gambler behaviour in venues are rare, especially when the focus is on continuous gambling such as electronic gaming machines (EGMs). EGMs are the main source of harmful gambling in New Zealand and all EGMs in New Zealand now include a mandatory pop-up message feature. The present study reports on 48 hours of in situ observations of EGM gamblers in casino and non-casino (pub) venues in New Zealand. We sought to establish whether relatively detailed observations of EGM features and gambler behaviour in venues were possible. The EGM feature that we focused on were pop-up messages, given their harm-minimization potential and the relative ease with which they can be observed. However, other EGM features were also documented, along with descriptive accounts of associated gambler behaviour. The results establish that relatively detailed (quantitative or qualitative) observational data can be collected in venues by using smart phones. The data showed that pop-up messages were generally attended to, but had little observable effect on gambler behaviour in venues. Direct in situ observation of gamblers can provide ecologically valid information to complement more common experimental and survey-based approaches. Suggestions are made for developing the procedure.Les études d’observation détaillée in situ sur le comportement non perturbé de joueurs sont rares, surtout si on met l’accent sur le jeu continu, comme avec les appareils de jeux électroniques. En Nouvelle-Zélande, ces appareils sont la principale source de jeux compulsifs, et tous les appareils dans ce pays incluent dorénavant une fonctionnalité obligatoire de message contextuel. La présente étude fait état de 48 heures d’observation in situ de joueurs sur appareils dans des casinos ou d’autres lieux (bars) en Nouvelle-Zélande, et on a cherché à déterminer s’il était possible de faire des observations relativement détaillées des caractéristiques et du comportement de joueurs dans ces lieux. On a mis l’accent sur la fonctionnalité des messages contextuels pour analyser leur potentiel de diminuer des méfaits et leur relative facilité à les observer. On a aussi consigné d’autres fonctionnalités d’appareils de jeu, ainsi que des comptes-rendus descriptifs du comportement des joueurs associés. Les résultats montrent que l’on peut recueillir des données d’observation in situ relativement détaillées (quantitatives ou qualitatives) à l’aide de téléphones intelligents. Les données montrent que les messages contextuels ont généralement été pris en compte, mais qu’ils ont eu peu d’effet observable sur le comportement des joueurs. L’observation directe de joueurs peut fournir des informations écologiquement valables pour appuyer les approches expérimentales communes par sondage. On y fait aussi quelques suggestions pour mettre en œuvre une procédure.
Market Cannibalization Within and Between Gambling Industries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Marionneau Virve , Nikkinen Janne 
Published: March 2018

In economics, cannibalization refers to a process in which a new product or service partly or completely substitutes for those in existing markets. This systematic review analyses the existing evidence on cannibalization within gambling markets to determine whether such substitution takes place between different types of gambling. The analysis shows that new gambling products substitute to a certain extent for existing gambling products. The sector in which the evidence is most convincing is the casino industry, which cannibalizes lotteries and pari-mutuel racing. There is also evidence that casinos substitute for other casinos and for non-casino electronic gaming machines. Lotteries substitute for casinos, other lotteries, sports betting, and pari-mutuel or racing industries. In other cases, the evidence is less conclusive and sometimes non-existent, or industry relationships are more complicated. This review also found that even in cases where substitution does occur, it is incomplete, and thus the introduction of new products tends to expand the overall gambling market. We discuss these market dynamics and identify gaps in the available research. RésuméEn économie, on entend par cannibalisation un processus par lequel un nouveau produit ou service se substitue partiellement ou complètement à des produits ou services existants. Cet examen systématique analyse les données dont on dispose sur la cannibalisation dans les marchés du jeu pour déterminer si une telle substitution a lieu entre différents types de jeux de hasard. L’analyse montre que les nouveaux produits de jeux de hasard remplacent, dans une certaine mesure, certains produits de jeu existants. La preuve la plus convaincante est celle portant sur le secteur du casino qui cannibalise les loteries et les courses de pari mutuel. Il est également prouvé que les casinos accaparent légèrement le marché d’autres casinos et d’appareils de jeu hors casino. Les loteries s’approprient une part de marché des casinos, d’autres loteries, de paris sportifs et mutuels ou des secteurs de la course. Dans d’autres cas, les preuves sont moins concluantes, voire inexistantes, ou les relations entre les divers secteurs sont plus compliquées. Cet examen a également révélé que, même dans les cas où il y a un accaparement du marché, il n’est pas total et, par conséquent, le lancement de nouveaux produits tend plutôt à élargir le marché global du jeu. Nous abordons ces dynamiques de marché et cernons les lacunes dans la recherche disponible.
Species composition and forest structure explain the temperature sensitivity patterns of productivity in temperate forests
Authors: Bohn Friedrich J. , May Felix , Huth Andreas 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Rising temperatures due to climate change influence the
wood production of forests. Observations show that some temperate forests
increase their productivity, whereas others reduce their productivity. This
study focuses on how species composition and forest structure properties
influence the temperature sensitivity of aboveground wood production (AWP).
It further investigates which forests will increase their productivity the
most with rising temperatures. We described forest structure by leaf area
index, forest height and tree height heterogeneity. Species composition was
described by a functional diversity index (Rao's Q) and a species
distribution index (ΩAWP). ΩAWP quantified
how well species are distributed over the different forest layers with regard
to AWP. We analysed 370 170 forest stands generated with a forest gap model.
These forest stands covered a wide range of possible forest types. For each
stand, we estimated annual aboveground wood production and performed a
climate sensitivity analysis based on 320 different climate time series (of
1-year length). The scenarios differed in mean annual temperature and
annual temperature amplitude. Temperature sensitivity of wood production was
quantified as the relative change in productivity resulting from a
1 ∘C rise in mean annual temperature or annual temperature
amplitude. Increasing ΩAWP positively influenced both
temperature sensitivity indices of forest, whereas forest height showed a
bell-shaped relationship with both indices. Further, we found forests in each
successional stage that are positively affected by temperature rise. For such
forests, large ΩAWP values were important. In the case of young
forests, low functional diversity and small tree height heterogeneity were
associated with a positive effect of temperature on wood production. During
later successional stages, higher species diversity and larger tree height
heterogeneity were an advantage. To achieve such a development, one could
plant below the closed canopy of even-aged, pioneer trees a
climax-species-rich understorey that will build the canopy of the mature
forest. This study highlights that forest structure and species composition
are both relevant for understanding the temperature sensitivity of wood
production.
Determination of Biogenic Amines in Cheese by Ion Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry Detection
Authors: Ščavničar Andrej , Rogelj Irena , Kočar Drago , Köse Sevim , Pompe Matevž 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
A new method for determination of underivatized biogenic amines in cheese based on ion exchange chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection was proposed. The method was applied to the analysis of 10 biogenic amines (trimethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, 2-phenylethylamine, spermine, spermidine, tryptamine, agmatine, and tyramine) in different types of cheese. The amines were extracted only with water without any additional derivatization step or sample cleanup. This is a great advantage in terms of simplicity of sample pretreatment procedure compared with other currently existing methods in the literature. Biogenic amines were separated using cation exchange column, under gradient elution conditions by mixing formic acid (1.00 M) and deionized water. Detection was achieved using tandem MS/MS, with the instrument set into multiple reaction monitoring mode to ensure high specificity. The detection and quantification limits were in the ranges of 12–46 μg/L and 40–153 μg/L, respectively. The exceptions were spermidine and spermine, with detection limits of 0.8 and 5.4 mg/L, respectively. The linearity for most of the biogenic amines was from 10 μg/L up to 10 mg/L. The best recoveries were observed for trimethylamine, tyramine, and cadaverine, and were 89, 94, and 102%, respectively. The results showed that this method can be used for routine determination of biogenic amines in different types of cheeses as well other food matrices. It must be stressed that the proposed method is capable of determining 10 biogenic amines, including tyramine, which is reported to cause food intoxication commonly associated with cheeses.
Ultrasound-Assisted Emulsification Microextraction in an Online System for Determination of Cadmium in Water and Tea Samples
Authors: Nunes Leane Santos , Lemos Valfredo Azevedo 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
In this work, a method using ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) without the use of ligands in an online system for preconcentration and determination of cadmium was developed. The method was based on the preconcentration of cadmium by USAEME, employing trichloroethylene as the extraction solvent, and subsequent retention of the rich phase in a mini-column packed with silica gel. The extracted metal was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The parameters that affect the extraction of cadmium were optimized using the univariate method. Under optimized conditions, the method presented a limit of detection of 0.17 μg/L, a limit of quantification of 0.57 μg/L, an enrichment factor of 56, and a consumptive index of 0.18 mL/min. The accuracy of the method was tested by analyzing the certified reference material, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 1573 (tomato leaves). The determination of Cd in water (drinking water, bottled water, river water, and seawater) and tea (black and green tea) samples was also performed using the proposed method. The method is simple, efficient, and eco-friendly because it requires low consumption of an organic solvent.
High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Identifying Neutral Lipids and Sphingolipids in Complex Samples
Authors: Jarne Carmen , Savirón María , Lapieza María Pilar , Membrado Luis , Orduna Jesús , Galbán Javier , Garriga Rosa , Morlock Gertrud Elisabeth , Cebolla Vicente Luis 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
High-performance thin-layer chromatography was directly combined with electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for structural identification issues below the level of lipid classes in complex samples through a portable, automated, elution-based interface. For samples as diverse as biodiesel and human plasma, separation conditions using Automated Multiple Development were selected in each case to provide lipid classes as zones narrow enough to ensure a direct transfer of them to ESI-MS. The respective zone of interest can be selected at will. ESI+ spectra of neutral lipids and sphingolipids showed sodium adducts when recorded from the plate. By using the described technique and ion-trap technology, the respective sodium adducts were fragmented. Sodium remained as the charge of the fragment ions and, thus, was useful for their structural identification through MSn. In this way, composition profiles of each class by ESI+-MS, and further identification of individual lipids and the molecular species belonging to each of them, were obtained by MS/MS and/or high-resolution MS. Thus, mono and diacylglycerides in ESI+ and fatty acids (in ESI−) were identified as low-concentration impurities in a fatty acid methyl ester–based biodiesel sample. Likewise, molecular species of sphingomyelins and globotriaosylceramides were unequivocally identified in human plasma samples.
Inclusão de alunos com deficiências em escolas da rede estadual: acessibilidade e adaptações estruturais
Authors: Castro Gisélia Gonçalves de , Abrahão Cesar Augusto França , Nunes Ângela Xavier e , Nascimento Lilian Cristina Gomes do , Figueiredo Glória Lúcia Alves 
Published: March 2018

Estima-se que existam no Brasil cerca de seis milhões de crianças e jovens com necessidades educacionais especiais, para um contingente oficial de matrículas em torno de 500 mil alunos, considerando o conjunto de matrículas em todos os tipos de recursos disponíveis, desde escolas especiais até escolas e classes comuns. Grande maioria dos alunos com necessidades educacionais especiais encontra-se hoje fora da escola, o que configura muito mais uma exclusão generalizada da escola, a despeito da anterior retórica da integração e/ou da recente proposta de inclusão escolar. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a acessibilidade e adaptações estruturais em 14 escolas estaduais de um município mineiro e identificar a prevalência de alunos com deficiência. Estudo transversal, e descritivo através de um questionário e registro fotográfico. Do total de alunos matriculados, 111 possuem algum tipo de deficiência, com prevalência no sexo masculino, idade média de 13,84 ± 5,19, onde 65,77% com deficiência mental. Em relação às adaptações estruturais, 92,86% possuem rampas nas entradas das escolas, 50 % vaso sanitário adaptado com barras de segurança e acesso com corrimãos, 28,57% piso antiderrapante, 21,43% mobiliário adaptado e rampas na entrada das salas de aula. Apenas 14,29% constam com altura ideal da pia e da saboneteira, em nenhuma foi encontrado banheiros com espelhos inclinados.Conclui-se indubitavelmente que há necessidade de melhoria das condições de acessibilidade na rede educacional. Faz necessária implantação de medidas adaptativas com o intuito de tornar cada vez mais presente a inclusão e acessibilidade a pessoa com necessidades especiais.
The Mythopoetics of Chinua Achebe’s Anthills of the Savannah
Authors: Aning John , Gbolo Sanka Confidence , Elsbend Kofigah Francis 
Published: March 2018

The objective of this paper is to investigate how Chinua Achebe uses myth making as an attempt to address the leadership problem of his country, Nigeria. Many writers have identified leadership as the greatest problem of many countries in Africa. Consequently, Achebe uses symbolism and a language full of violence to portray the levels of corruption and abuse of power in the novel. In this paper, we present a myth criticism of Achebe’s Anthills of the Savannah by looking at how the novelist deconstructs Biblical and traditional stories to show that women should be given a greater political role alongside men to chart a new course of development. Achebe’s novel is dominated by the myth of the Pillar of Fire which he takes from the Bible and the Idemili myth which he takes from the traditions of his people. At the end of the deconstruction of these two myths, the only viable alternative left is the all-inclusive group led by the priestess of Idemili and hope is finally enshrined in the baby girl Amaechina.
FGFR2 amplification is predictive of sensitivity to regorafenib in gastric and colorectal cancers in vitro
Authors: Cha Yongjun , Kim Hwang‐Phill , Lim Yoojoo , Han Sae‐Won , Song Sang‐Hyun , Kim Tae‐You 
Published: March 2018

Although regorafenib has demonstrated survival benefits in patients with metastatic colorectal and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, no proven biomarker has been identified for predicting sensitivity to regorafenib. Here, we investigated preclinical activity of regorafenib in gastric and colorectal cancer cells to identify genetic alterations associated with sensitivity to regorafenib. Mutation profiles and copy number assays of regorafenib target molecules indicated that amplification of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) was the only genetic alteration associated with in vitro sensitivity to regorafenib. Regorafenib effectively inhibited phosphorylation of FGFR2 and its downstream signaling molecules in a dose‐dependent manner and selectively in FGFR2‐amplified cells. Regorafenib induced G1 arrest (SNU‐16, KATO‐III) and apoptosis (NCI‐H716); however, no significant changes were seen in cell lines without FGFR2 amplification. In SNU‐16 mice xenografts, regorafenib significantly inhibited tumor growth, proliferation, and FGFR signaling compared to treatment with control vehicle. Regorafenib effectively abrogates activated FGFR2 signaling in FGFR2‐amplified gastric and colorectal cancer and, therefore, might be considered for integration into treatment in patients with FGFR2‐amplified gastric and colorectal cancers.