bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection from avian influenza H5N1 virus infection with antibody-impregnated filters
Authors: Kamiyama Yoichiro , Adachi Kazuhide , Handharyani Ekowati , Soejoedono Retno Damajanti , Kusano Takayuki , Inai Marie , Tsukamoto Masaya , Kashiwagi Seizaburo , Tsukamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere is worldwide concern over the possibility of a new influenza pandemic originating from the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 influenza viruses. We herein demonstrate that functional air filters impregnated with ostrich antibodies against the hemagglutinin of the H5N1 virus protect chickens from death by H5N1 transmission. These results suggest that the use of ostrich antibody-impregnated filters might be a powerful way to prevent the transmission of H5N1.
Adversity and sex differences in social and emotional sensitivity in children; a possible mechanism for sex differences in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Hill Jonathan , Sharp Helen , Murray Lynne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFemales are superior to males on a range of tasks indexing social sensitivity, the capacity to infer others' mental states and respond with appropriate behaviours and emotions(1-3). There are also sex differences in psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. Boys have higher rates of psychiatric disorders before puberty, but disorders increase markedly in girls after puberty (4). The causes of the commonest forms of disorder, antisocial behaviour problems in boys, and depression in girls, entail altered brain function caused by genetic variations and psychosocial adversities mainly arising in the family, and the interaction between the two (5;6). This may be explained by sex differences in social and emotional sensitivity provided they can, first, account for male vulnerability to develop antisocial problems in the face of adversity before puberty, second, explain girls' resilience before puberty, and third, account for female vulnerability to depression in the face of adversity after puberty. Associations between reduced social sensitivity and antisocial problems in young children (7;8), and between increased social sensitivity and depressive symptoms in adolescents (9) have previously been demonstrated. However sex differences in the effects of adversity on social and emotional sensitivity have not previously been examined. Here we show that among five year olds, recent adversities (maternal depression and marital discord) are associated with elevated sensitivity in girls but with reduced sensitivity in boys.
Phyloinformatics in the age of Wikipedia
Authors: Page Roderic 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis talk describes a mapping between the NCBI taxonomy database and Wikipedia. These two databases were chosen because the NCBI taxonomy contains all the taxa for which sequences are publicly available, and for many taxa Wikipedia is the first site returned in a Google search on that taxon's scientific name. The NCBI web pages for nearly 53,000 NCBI taxa now have a link to the corresponding page in Wikipedia.
On the Origin of Western Diet Pathologies
Authors: Schloss John 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe ratio of the two sulfur-containing amino acids, methionine (Met) and cysteine (Cys), may be a determining factor for which foods contribute to longevity and health. It is shown here that substantially more Met than Cys is consistently found in foods, such as dairy and meat products, thought to contribute to pathologies associated with the Western Diet.
Human-triggered earthquakes and their impacts on human security
Authors: Klose Christian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of earthquake risks in urbanized regions requires an accurate assessment of both urban vulnerabilities and earthquake hazards. Socioeconomic risks associated with human-triggered earthquakes are often misconstrued and receive little scientific, legal, and public attention. However, more than 200 damaging earthquakes, associated with industrialization and urbanization, were documented since the 20th century. This type of geohazard has impacts on human security on a regional and national level. For example, the 1989 Newcastle earthquake caused 13 deaths and US$3.5 billion damage (in 1989). The monetary loss was equivalent to 3.4 percent of Australia’s national income (GDI) or 80 percent of Australia’s GDI per capita growth of the same year. This article provides an overview of global statistics of human-triggered earthquakes. It describes how geomechanical pollution due to large-scale geoengineering activities can advance the clock of earthquakes or trigger new seismic events. Lastly, defense-oriented strategies and tactics are described, including risk mitigation measures such as urban planning adaptations and seismic hazard mapping.
Spiral Tissue Microarrays as Next Evolutionary Step in the High-density Tissue Microarray Technology
Authors: Uemura Takeshi , Chirieac Lucian , Fukuoka Junya , Hofer Matthias , Hori Takashi , Tanaka Tomonori , Tominaga Sayaka , Ohsawa Ryo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTissue microarray (TMA) is a well-established technique that connects basic research with clinical applications that allow the validation of many pathobiologic events from gene expression dysregulation to genomic aberrations. However, conventional TMAs have several limitations such as limited representation of tissue heterogeneity, destruction of donor tissue blocks due to coring and usage of particular specimens that have limited evaluable material (tissue from thin specimens or needle biopsies). We have developed a novel method, which we termed &quot;Spiral TMA&quot; that generates TMAs that allow for improved representation of the donor tissue while keeping the architectural details of the donor block intact. This technology is ideal for specimens with limited tissue without the need to punch holes into the original block and therefore preserving the tissue integrity. In this report, we describe the methodology of constructing Spiral TMA and demonstrate the validation of tumor representation and tissue heterogeneity by comparing Spiral TMA to conventional TMA using immunohistochemical staining to EGFR and CK7.
Controlling sap-sucking insect pests with recombinant endophytes expressing plant lectin
Authors: Zhao Xiuyun , Qi Gaofu , Zhang Xianfang , Lan Nan , Ma Xinrong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe developed a novel pest management strategy, which uses endophytes to express anti-pest plant lectins. Fungal endophyte of Chaetomium globosum YY-11 with anti-fungi activities was isolated from rape seedlings, and bacterial endophytes of SJ-10 (Enterobacter sp.) and WB (Bacillus subtilis) were isolated from rice seedlings. Pinellia ternate agglutinin gene was cloned into SJ-10 and WB for expression by a shuttle vector, and YY-11 was mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Positive transformants were evaluated using PCR and Western blot assay. Recombinant endophytes colonized most of crops, and resistance of rice seedlings, which were inoculated with the recombinant endophytic bacteria, to white backed planthoppers was dramatically enhanced by decreasing the survival and fecundity of white backed planthoppers. Rape inoculated with recombinant endophytic fungi significantly inhibited the growth and reproduction of aphids. Recombinant endophytes expressing PTA may endow hosts with resistance against sap-sucking pests.
Lengthening of 3'UTR Increases Morphological Complexity in Animal Evolution
Authors: Chen Cho-Yi , Chen Shui-Tein , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Huang Hsuan-Cheng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBy analyzing the structure of mRNA transcripts in multiple metazoan species, we observed a striking exponential correlation between the length of 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) and morphological complexity as measured by the number of cell types in each organism. Cellular diversity was similarly associated with the accumulation of microRNA genes and their putative targets. We propose that the lengthening of 3'UTRs together with a commensurate expansion in post-transcriptional regulation can contribute to the emergence of new cell types during animal evolution.
Visualization of Minute Mechanical-Excitation/Relaxation Wave-front Propagation in Myocardial Tissue
Authors: Kanai Hiroshi , Tanaka Motonao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUnlike the case of skeletal muscle, the direction of myocardial contraction does not coincide with the direction of work necessary to eject the intraventricular blood, contributing to great complexity of the wall deformation sequence of cardiac contraction. The advent of advanced techniques (CT^1^, MRI^2,3^, SPECT^4^, echocardiology^5-9^, electrocardiography^10^, and magnetocardiography^11,12^) has enabled to the evaluation of cardiac function and disorders by the measurement of blood flow, pressure, electrical reaction process, and other factors. However, complexity of the contraction sequence is still not fully understood because the dynamic mechanical excitation process, which directly correlates with contraction, cannot be accurately measured based on these electro-magnetic phenomena. Here, developing and using a noninvasive novel imaging modality with high temporal and spatial resolutions^13-17^, we show that the propagation of the mechanical wave-front occurs at the beginning of each cardiac contraction and relaxation sequence for the first time. The former occurs about 60 ms prior to the ordinarily accepted onset time of the contraction (R-wave of the electrocardiogram). From the apical side of the interventricular septum, close to the terminal of the Purkinje fibers (specialized to carry contraction impulses), a minute velocity component with an amplitude of several tenth micrometers is generated and propagates sequentially to the entire left ventricle, that is, it propagates from the apex to the base of the posterior wall, and then from the base to the apex of the septum, with a propagation speed of 3-9 m/s. The latter occurs at the end of the first heart sound at the apical side and propagates to the base side with a speed of 0.6 m/s. These physiological findings, unlike the widely accepted myocardial excitation process, have potential for accurate assessment of myocardial tissue damage in coronary disease and cardiomyopathy. This dynamic measurement modality is also applicable to various tissues in biology.
A Study of prevalence of malnutrition in government School children in the field area of Azad nagar Bangalore, India
Authors: Hasan Izhar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMalnutrition is a problem at varying proportions in developing countries, and anthropometry is a simple tool to assess its magnitude in children. This study was aimed at identifying the prevalence of malnutrition among 500 children of govt schols of Azad Nagar, bangalore south Asia. The value of using various field based formulae and of various anthropometric indicators used for classification of malnutrition was also studied. The study was focused on children aged 8-14 years studying in class 1st to 8th in govt schools. Anthropometric data and eating practices of children were collected with the help of a pretested questionnaire and food intake diary. Selected anthropometric measurements were taken using standard techniques. Their Body Mass Index (B.M.I) for age was calculated and compared with WHO (2007) standards. Compared to WHO standards, mean BMI of school children in Azad Nagar and its surrounding area was inferior at all ages. The prevalence of malnutrition was 68%, males recorded a relatively high high rate of malnutrition 57.94% (197) than females 42.06% (143). The study reveals that the average of govt school children in Azad Nagar are underweighted. Poor nutrition of children do not only affects the cognitive development of children but also likely to reduce the work capacity in future.
Homochirality through Photon-Induced Melting of RNA/DNA: the Thermodynamic Dissipation Theory of the Origin of Life
Authors: Michaelian Karo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe homochirality of the molecules of life has been a vexing problem with no generally accepted solution to date. Since a racemic mixture of chiral nucleotides frustrates the extension and replication of RNA and DNA, understanding the origin of homochirality has important implications to the investigation of the origin of life. Theories on the origin of life have generally elected to presume an abiotic mechanism giving rise to a large prebiotic enantiomer enrichment. Although a number of such mechanism have been suggested, none has enjoyed sufficient plausibility or relevance to be generally accepted. Here we suggest a novel solution to the homochirality problem based on a recently proposed thermodynamic dissipation theory for the origin of life. The ultraviolet absorption and dissipation characteristics of RNA/DNA point to their origin as photoautorophs, their replication assisted by UV light and temperature, and acting as catalysts for the global water cycle. Homochirality is suggested to have been incorporated gradually into the emerging life as a result of asymmetric right- over left-handed photon-induced denaturation of RNA/DNA occurring when Archean sea surface temperatures became close to the denaturing temperatures of RNA/DNA. This differential denaturing success would have been promoted by the somewhat right-handed circularly polarized submarine light of the late afternoon when surface water temperatures are highest, and a negative circular dichroism band extending from 220 nm up to 260 nm for small segments of RNA/DNA. A numerical model is presented demonstrating the efficacy of such a mechanism in procuring 100% homochirality of RNA or DNA from an original racemic solution in less than 500 Archean years assuming a photon absorption threshold for replication representing the hydrogen bonding energy between complementary strands. Because cholesteric D-nucleic acids have greater affinity for L-amino acids due to a positive structural complementarity, and because D-RNA/DNA+L-amino acid complexes also have a negative circular dichroism band between 200 - 300 nm, the homochirality of amino acids can also be explained by the theory.
Antibody-antigen interactions: What is the required time to equilibrium?
Authors: Andersson Karl , Björkelund Hanna , Malmqvist Magnus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe use of antibodies is widespread in many areas including in-vivo and in-vitro diagnostics, quantitative analysis in research laboratories and as therapeutic substances. Since the methods for generation of antibodies has improved and regularly results in high-affinity interactions, the standard assays used for quantification of the interaction properties should be revisited because they do not necessarily produce accurate results. Here we show that in several cases, the affinity determination of strongly binding antibodies will be inherently difficult when using standard procedures, due to impractically long incubation times. Real-time kinetic analysis is often the only realistic alternative for affinity determination.
An innovative method for the biological control of Alternanthera philoxeroides
Authors: Cao Yusong , Wang Huiming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBiological invasion has become a serious global environmental problems and been considered as an important component of global change^1-2^. Invasions by alien species can have an impact at several levels of ecological complexity from genes to ecosystems^3-4^. Invasive alien species had seriously threated the biodiversity and natural ecosystems in China^5^, and caused economic losses by more than US$7 billion every year^6^. Alternanthera philoxeroides, commonly known as Alligator weed, is an invasive amphibious plant^7^. The effect of physical methods such as mechanical or artificial salvage, removal of A. philoxeroides were very limited. Moreover, these measure should be carried out very carefully or would easy lead to its rebound^8^. The mainly biological control methods of A.philoxeroides is the introduction of natural enemies including Arcola malloi and Amynothrips andersoni^9^. However, the introduction of natural enemies had little control effect on A. philoxeroides especially in terrestrial conditions, where the stems of A. philoxeroides lignified^9-12^. Here we found that Humulus Scandens (H. japonicus) can better inhibit the invasion of A. philoxeroides by means of interspecific competition which could be an ideal biological control method to control the invasion of A. philoxeroides.
Autosegregation of enzyme loci Me1 and Gpi2 in agamospermous progenies of triploid sugarbeet plants
Authors: Levites Evgenii , Kirikovich Svetlana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRatios of malic-enzyme (ME1) and glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI2) phenotypic classes were studied in agamospermous progenies of triploid sugar beet plants. It was shown that the ratio of enzymes phenotypic classes quite well accords with the calculations based on the supposition about reduplication of chromosome sites carrying alleles of enzyme loci accompanied by a loss of excessive allelic copies in the first cell division under embryogenesis. Polyteny – conditioned allelic dose increase leads to the occurrence of alleles – absent in the initial parent – at a certain frequency in the developing progeny. The notions of “meiotic autosegregation” and “mitotic autosegregation” – typical of meiotic and mitotic agamospermy, respectively, – were introduced; the term locus “polygenotype” characterizing the allelic composition of locus, number of chromosomes and a copies number of chromatides sites carrying marker-locus alleles in the cell before entering embryogenesis was also introduced.
Neural Substrates of Chronic Pain in the Thalamocortical Circuit
Authors: Zippo Antonio , Storchi Riccardo , Valente Maurizio , Caramenti Gian Carlo , Biella Gabriele 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChronic pain (CP), a pathological condition with a large repertory of signs and symptoms, has no recognizable neural functional common hallmark shared by its diverse expressions. The aim of the present research was to identify potential dynamic markers shared in CP models, by using simultaneous electrophysiological extracellular recordings from the rat ventrobasal thalamus and the primary somatosensory cortex. We have been able to extract a neural signature attributable solely to CP, independent from of the originating conditions. This study showed disrupted functional connectivity and increased redundancy in firing patterns in CP models versus controls, and interpreted these signs as a neural signature of CP. In a clinical perspective, we envisage CP as disconnection syndrome and hypothesize potential novel therapeutic appraisal.
The disease mutation A77V in Ryanodine receptor RyR2 induces changes in energy conduction pathways in the protein
Authors: Erman Burak , Walpoth Nazan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnergetically responsive residues of the 217 amino acid N-terminal domain of the cardiac Ryanodine receptor RyR2 are identified by a simple elastic net model. These residues lie along a hydrogen bonded path through the protein. The evolutionarily conserved residues of the protein are all located on this path or in its close proximity. All of the residues of the path are either located on the two Mir domains of the protein or are hydrogen bonded to them. Two calcium binding residues, E171 and E173, are proposed as potential binding residues, based on insights gained from the elastic net analysis of another calcium channel receptor, the inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor, IP3R. Analysis of the disease causing A77V mutated RyR2 showed that the path is disrupted by the loss of energy responsiveness of certain residues.
Diel transcriptional response of a California Current plankton microbiome to light, low iron, and enduring viral infection
Authors: Kolody B C , McCrow J P , Allen L Zeigler , Aylward F O , Fontanez K M , Moustafa A , Moniruzzaman M , Chavez F P , Scholin C A , Allen E E , Worden A Z , Delong E F , Allen A E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Phytoplankton and associated microbial communities provide organic carbon to oceanic food webs and drive ecosystem dynamics. However, capturing those dynamics is challenging. Here, an in situ, semi-Lagrangian, robotic sampler profiled pelagic microbes at 4 h intervals over ~2.6 days in North Pacific high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters. We report on the community structure and transcriptional dynamics of microbes in an operationally large size class (&gt;5 μm) predominantly populated by dinoflagellates, ciliates, haptophytes, pelagophytes, diatoms, cyanobacteria (chiefly Synechococcus), prasinophytes (chiefly Ostreococcus), fungi, archaea, and proteobacteria. Apart from fungi and archaea, all groups exhibited 24-h periodicity in some transcripts, but larger portions of the transcriptome oscillated in phototrophs. Periodic photosynthesis-related transcripts exhibited a temporal cascade across the morning hours, conserved across diverse phototrophic lineages. Pronounced silica:nitrate drawdown, a high flavodoxin to ferredoxin transcript ratio, and elevated expression of other Fe-stress markers indicated Fe-limitation. Fe-stress markers peaked during a photoperiodically adaptive time window that could modulate phytoplankton response to seasonal Fe-limitation. Remarkably, we observed viruses that infect the majority of abundant taxa, often with total transcriptional activity synchronized with putative hosts. Taken together, these data reveal a microbial plankton community that is shaped by recycled production and tightly controlled by Fe-limitation and viral activity.
F-box protein FBXO30 mediates retinoic acid receptor γ ubiquitination and regulates BMP signaling in neural tube defects
Authors: Cheng Xiyue , Pei Pei , Yu Juan , Zhang Qin , Li Dan , Xie Xiaolu , Wu Jianxin , Wang Shan , Zhang Ting 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRetinoic acid (RA), an active derivative of vitamin A, is critical for the neural system development. During the neural development, the RA/RA receptor (RAR) pathway suppresses BMP signaling-mediated proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. However, how the stability of RAR is regulated during neural system development and how BMP pathway genes expression in neural tissue from human fetuses affected with neural tube defects (NTDs) remain elusive. Here, we report that FBXO30 acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase and targets RARγ for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In this way, FBXO30 positively regulates BMP signaling in mammalian cells. Moreover, RA treatment leads to suppression of BMP signaling by reducing the level of FBXO30 in mammalian cells and in mouse embryos with NTDs. In samples from human NTDs with high levels of retinol, downregulation of BMP target genes was observed, along with aberrant FBXO30 levels. Collectively, our results demonstrate that RARγ levels are controlled by FBXO30-mediated ubiquitination and that FBXO30 is a key regulator of BMP signaling. Furthermore, we suggest a novel mechanism by which high-retinol levels affect the level of FBXO30, which antagonizes BMP signaling during early stage development.