bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granular Dystrophy Associated with Congenital Cataracts
Authors: Brito C. , Pablo L. , Sánchez A. , Ramírez T. , Polo V. 
Published: April 2018

Seven members of the same family suffering from Groenow I granular dystrophy and associated congenital cataracts have been studied. Three patients had corneal dystrophy at various stages and trhee others had a fetal nuclear congenital cataract. A penetrating keratoplasty button was studied under light and electron microscopies. This association has not been described previously. However we must emphasize that there is no general validity for a correlation between granular dystrophy and congenital cataract.
Simultaneous 24-Hour Monitoring of Intraocular Pressure and Arterial Blood Pressure in Patients with Progressive and Non-Progressive Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Detry M. , Boschi A. , Ellinghaus G. , De Plaen JF. 
Published: April 2018

We measured and compared diurnal and nocturnal blood pressure (BP) with the Space Labs Holter in progressive and non-progressive glaucomatous patients with a satisfactory diurnal control of IOP in order to identify any link between a progressive worsening of their visual field (VF) defects and the characteristics of their nocturnal BP “dip”. Ambulatory 24-hour BP monitoring and inpatient IOP curves were done on two consecutive days on 36 patients (17 women, 19 men, mean age 67.44 ± 8.06 years) with moderate to severe POAG and good diurnal therapeutic control of IOP (daytime IOP ≤ 21 mm Hg). Depending on the stability or progression of their VF defects during the last two years, the patients were classified in two groups: the progressive group comprised 24 patients (14 women, 10 men) and the stable group 12 patients (9 men, 3 women). We compared local and systemic risk factors for POAG, mean and maximum daytime and nighttime IOP in each group. The mean systolic and diastolic daytime BP, mean systolic and diastolic nighttime BP and the nocturnal systolic and diastolic BP dip were calculated for each patient. The distribution of these parameters was then statistically compared with normal reference values and for the two groups. The groups were closely comparable as regards their IOP 24-hour profile. The overall mean daytime, nighttime, and nocturnal dips fell within the normal range of the reference population. We found a significanty smaller systolic and diastolic BP dip in the progressive group and a broader distribution of the lower values both for systolic and diastolyc BP in the progressive group. A broader distribution of the lower values for systolic and diastolic BP dip was also noticed when progressive patients were compared with the reference population. The relative absence of a nocturnal BP dip may be interpreted as another disturbing factor in the self-regulatory mechanisms of the optic nerve head in glaucoma.
Indocyanine Green Angiography in Serpiginous Choroidopathy
Authors: Giovannini A. , Ripa E. , Scassellati-Sforzolini B. , Ciardella A. , Tom D. , Yannuzzi L. 
Published: April 2018

Background. Manifestations of serpiginous choroidopathy have been well described, but very little is known about its true pathogenesis. By virtue of the enhanced imaging of the choroidal circulation, indocyanine green angiography may offer information on the causative factors of the disorder. Methods. Indocyanine Green (ICG) videoangiography was carried out in 17 patients with serpiginous choroidopathy. A full ophthalmological examination and intravenous fluorescein angiography were simultaneously done as well. The patients were studied at 3 different stages of the disease as follows: 1) with acute manifestations; 2) with subacute lesions; 3) in the inactive or healed state. Results. Acute Lesions: Indocyanine angiography showed active choroidal involvement in the acute stage beyond the limits delineated by corresponding fluorescein studies. Subacute Lesions: ICG angiography showed resolution of choroidal involvement in advance of clinical and fluorescein angiographic changes in some eyes. Healed Lesions: ICG angiography showed better delineation of the atrophic choroid with clearer definitions than corresponding fluorescein studies. Late staining of fibrovascular tissue within atrophic zones was similar to fluorescein findings. Two patients in the healed state showed multifocal hypofluorescence (one patient) and hyperfluorescent choroidal lesions (one patient) with no clinical or fluorescein counterparts, possibly representing occult lesions. Conclusions. ICG angiography may be useful in understanding certain clinical features of the entity, such as a clearer documentation of the extent and nature of the choroidal damage and possible sites at risk for future recurrences. However, it adds little to our current management of the disorder.
Ocular Abnormalities in Transgenic Mice Harboring Mutations in the Type Ii Collagen Gene
Authors: Ihanamäki T. , Metsäranta M. , Rintala M. , Vuorio E. , Sandberg-Lall M. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To characterize the morphological changes in the eyes of transgenic mice harboring different mutations in type II collagen gene to elucidate the function of this collagen in the eye, and to find out whether these animals could function as models for the human arthro-ophthalmopathies of the Kniest, Stickler and Wagner types. Methods. Three genetically engineered mouse lines representing two types of mutations in the triple-helical domain of type II collagen and their nontransgenic littermates used as controls were analyzed on day 18.5 of embryonic development. After genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization the embryos were prepared for routine histology. Polarization microscopy was done on hyaluronidase-treated sections. Results. Histological analysis revealed several genotype-dependent abnormalities in the eyes of the transgenic mice. Most striking changes were observed in the vitreous architecture; in one line of mice the vitreous was tightly packed in the posterior region of the vitreous space with thick fibrils, empty cavities and dense membrane-like material. The other mutation resulted in reduced filament density of the vitreous. In the most severely affected phenotype the internal limiting membrane was detached from the retinal layers and was markedly thickened, and the posterior lens capsule was thickened. The anterior chamber was shallow or absent in all transgenic lines but was well formed in the normal animals. Changes were also observed in the lens, corneal and scleral structures. Conclusions. The ocular changes observed in transgenic mice harboring mutations in type II collagen gene show similarities to the human ocular findings in Kniest dysplasia, and in Stickler and Wagner syndromes. We therefore propose that these animals could serve as models for systematic analysis of vitreoretinal degeneration and other abnormalities, as seen in these syndromes.
Spontaneous and Pharmacologically-Modulated Wound Healing after Nd: Yag Laser Sclerostomy Ab Interno in Rabbits
Authors: Iliev M.E. , Van Der Zypen E. , Fankhauser F. , England C. 
Published: April 2018

The course of tissue repair evoked by Nd:YAG laser sclerostomy ab interno and the effect of mitomycin-C on same were investigated ultrastructurally in 15 rabbits. In ten of them, the dynamics of the spontaneous postoperative healing response (i.e. in the absence of medication) was analyzed at two-day intervals by light- and electron microscopy. In two, fibroblast activity was assessed autoradiographically. In the last three rabbits, the sclerostomy site was exposed transconjunctivally to mitomycin-C (0.5 mg/ml; 5 minutes) before surgery, and morphological analysis was done on postoperative days 6 and 12. Results. In the spontaneously healing group, blebs disappeared within five days of surgery. This corresponded to a massive invasion of macrophages and fibroblasts from the episclera and iris root. The sheath of coagulated tissue around the fistula appeared to act as a barrier to cell migration from the sclera itself at this stage. By days 8 to 12, the canal had become occluded by a network of cells and capillaries, and collagen fibrils in the coagulation sheath had undergone repolymerization. In the mitomycin-C group, large filtering blebs and patent, cell-free fistulas were observed over the entire period. Although applied transconjunctivally, the drug penetrated the whole scleral depth, as the iris root and ciliary body cell reaction was inhibited. Repolymerization of heat-damaged collagen was also hindered. The overall findings provide information on the sequence of repair events following laser sclerostomy. Local, non-invasive application of mitomycin-C delays the onset of this process, not only by inhibition of cell proliferation but also by suppressing the collagen recovery.
Gorlin's Syndrome. Case Report
Authors: Salati C. , Virgili G. , Menchini U. , Frattasio A. , Patrone G. 
Published: April 2018

Gorlin's syndrome (GS) is a hereditary dominant autosomal disease linked to a gene which has a strong discerning and an extremely variable expressiveness. It is an ecto-mesodermic polydysplasia generally characterized by multiple nevoid basal-cell carcinomas, palmo-plantar pits, cysts of cutis and long bones, intracranial ectopic calcification; less frequently it is accompanied by tumors of other organs such as the ovaries, and by brain, neurological and ocular defects. Chalazions and squinting are the most typical ocular complications. We describe a patient with GS detected at an ophthalmology consultancy during which by chance we found multiple peripheral retinal breaks with a partial retinal detachment and retinoschisis.
Macular Hole in a Case of Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Uffer S. , Zografos L. 
Published: April 2018

Background. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with intraocular tumors has been described in a small number of cases. We describe a patient with choroidal melanoma associated with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and a macular hole. Methods. A 71-year-old man underwent enucleation for a bulky pigmented tumor overying the macula. Results. Hystopathological examination revealed moderate cystoid macular edema with a full-thickness macular hole and a mixed-cell type choroidal melanoma. Conclusions. The relationships between choroidal melanoma, macular hole and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment are discussed.
Cataract Surgery in Fuchs’ Heterochromic Iridocyclitis
Authors: Avramides S. , Sakkias G. , Traianidis P. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To assess the particularities of extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in patients with Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis. Methods. Retrospective analysis of 24 extracapsular cataract operations performed from September 1991 to June 1994. Our technique - a slight modification of Blumenthal's technique - included a triplanar watertight small scleral incision, an envelope capsulotomy, nucleus hydrodissection and hydroexpression, anterior chamber maintainer use, thorough residual cortex removal through a side-port corneal incision and “in the bag” posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Results. Mydriasis was slightly larger than 5 mm in 79.16% of the total group. Posterior capsule rupture with vitreous loss occurred in one and without in two patients. A transient rise in intraocular pressure was seen in seven patients and a mild anterior chamber reaction in almost all patients. No bleeding occurred during anterior chamber opening, or postoperative I.O. L. decentration or glaucoma. Best corrected postoperative visual acuity ranged from 5-10/10 in 21 patients (87.50%). Conclusions. Extracapsular cataract extraction in patients with Fuchs’ heterochromic iridocyclitis does not currently present any difficulties compared with normal senile cataract. No major complications occurred and the final visual acuity was satisfactory.
Exploration of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome by Infrared Choroidal Angiography with Indocyanine Green
Authors: Harada T. , Kanbara Y. , Takeuchi T. , Niwa T. , Majima T. 
Published: April 2018

The choroid affected by the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) has seldom been explored by indocyanine green choroidal angiography. Five patients with definite diagnosis of VKH underwent this investigation. The first case had the most marked leakage, very similar to that on fluorescein angiography. The right eye of case 2 showed fewer leakage points on ICG than on fluorescein angiography, compared with case 1. The left eye of case 2 did not show any leakage. Cases 3, 4 and 5 yielded segmental hyperfluorescence, distant from the posterior pole, which could not be identified by fluorescein angiography. This might indicate segmental choroiditis. There were two types of hypofluorescent lesions; all the cases except case 2 showed early hypofluorescence. Hypofluorescent areas corresponding to overlying retinal detachment were seen in the right eye of case 4. Multiple spots, late hypofluorescence, about 200 to 500 urn in size appeared throughout the posterior pole in four eyes out of ten. In conclusion, indocyanine green choroidal angiography provides a wider variety of pictures than fluorescein angiography.
Medial Canthus Tumor Surgery: A Prospective Study of Microscopically Controlled Excision
Authors: Aliseda D. , Vazquez J. , Munuera J.M. 
Published: April 2018

Objectives. We set out to demonstrate that medial canthus tumors are malignancies requiring microscopically-controlled excision for a high cure rate. We also aim to show that reconstruction can have good esthetic results with a few simple techniques. Methods. During 1992, we treated 38 basal cell carcinomas of the medial canthus, employing our own two-step Mohs’ surgery. All cases were reconstructed with five simple techniques: “laissez faire”, full thickness graft, nasoglabellar flap, mild-line forehead flap or combination of flaps. Results. No recurrent basal cell carcinomas have been observed in our patients during the last four years. All the medial canthus tumours were basal cell carcinomas, eight involving morpheiform infiltration. Perineural infiltration was observed in two cases. Conclusions. Micrographic surgery for medial canthus malignant tumors is the best resection technique. Infiltrating, basal cell carcinomas, are the most common tumors of medial canthus, but also have an excellent cure rate. Reconstruction with a small number of flaps and skin graft is generally an easy process, producing highly satisfactory results.
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia in Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: An Update
Authors: Pinazo-Duran M.D. , Renau-Piqueras J. , Guerri C. , Strömland K. 
Published: April 2018

Optic nerve hypoplasia was detected in up to one half of a group of Swedish children born to alcoholic mothers. Using an experimental model of pre- and postnatal alcohol exposure in rats fed a liquid diet, reduced optic nerve size from gestational day 21 (294 ± 26×102 μm2 vs 502 ± 16×102 μm2; n=6; p≤0.001) to later in development was observed as a result of the daily mean blood alcohol levels achieved in dams and their offspring. Altered glial cells and degenerating and atrophic optic axons, myelin sheaths and ganglion cells were frequent in the alcohol-exposed optic nerves. Smaller optic nerve (1,918 ± 61×102 μm2 vs 2.195 ± 40×102 μm2; n=4; p≤0.001), reduced gaglion cell and axonal densities, and ultrastructural damage to the macroglial cells and myelin sheaths were also detected in the treated group. All these changes remained in the retina and optic nerve of the oldest rats, as a consequence of the long-lasting effects of prenatal alcohol exposure. In summary, alcohol as a major teratogenic agent may induce dysmorphogenesis and irremediable damage to the retina and optic nerve, which frequently manifests itself as hypoplastic optic nerve.
Necrotizing Choroiditis-Retinitis as Presenting Symptom of Disseminated Aspergillosis after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Anteby I. , Kramer M. , Rahav G. , Benezra D. 
Published: April 2018

Background. Endogenous endophthalmitis due to Aspergillus is rare affecting the severely immunosuppressed population, in particular recipients of heart and lung transplants. Ocular involvement of aspergillosis has always been observed late in the course of the disease. Subject. A young woman noted blurred vision in one eye three weeks after lung transplantation. At this stage, no systemic manifestations of fungal infection were detected and the ocular findings were attributed to viral infection. Results. Twenty-four hours after the original ocular complaint, an aggressive endophthalmitis developed in the left eye. The possibility of fungal endophthalmitis was raised. Within 48 hours of her first ocular complaint the patient died. Cultures from a vitreous tap and from autopsy ocular specimens were positive for Aspergillus fumigatus. Conclusions. Aspergillus endophthalmitis may occur in patients undergoing lung transplantation despite antifungal therapy. Increased awareness of this unusual entity may be life and vision saving in these patients.
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Complicating Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy
Authors: El-Asrar A.M. Abu 
Published: April 2018

Purpose. To present evidence that systemic corticosteroid therapy may cause central serous chorioretinopathy. Methods. A 20-year-old male with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was examined during systemic treatment with corticosteroids (100 mg daily). Results. The patient had central serous chorioretinopathy. Spontaneous recovery accompanied discontinuation of the steroid treatment. Conclusions. This case provides further evidence that Cortisol may play a role in the development of central serous chorioretinopathy.
Multisubstance Analysis of Reflection Spectra before and after Laser Photocoagulation for Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Augsten R. , Königsdörffer E. , Schweitzer D. , Strobel J. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose The aim of the study was to provide new data that add to the understanding of diabetic retinopathy and its treatment by photocoagulation. Patients and Methods. Using a spectrometric method, the reflection spectra of the macula in six type II diabetics with proliferative diabetic retinopathy were measured before and after laser photocoagulation and compared with normals. The investigations were done one day before laser photocoagulation and again the day after. Further measurements were made 14 days, 6 weeks and 4 months after coagulation. The reflection spectra were assessed by multisubstance analysis. Results and Conclusions. The contents of xanthophyll, melanin and choroidal oxyhemoglobin and the intensity of scattered light were significantly altered after laser coagulation. For example, in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy the content of oxyhemoglobin in the choroid was lower than normal, but it rose after laser treatment. This suggests an improved oxygen supply of the choroid after laser coagulation, implying reduced retinal hypoxia.
Primary Vitrectomy for Bullous Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachments Due to Complex Breaks
Authors: El-Asrar A.M. Abu 
Published: April 2018

Introduction The role of vitrectomy for the treatment of uncomplicated retinal detachments has not been clearly defined. This study reports the results of a series of eyes with bullous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) due to complex breaks that were managed by primary vitrectomy. Methods The study consisted of a consecutive series of 22 eyes (22 patients) with a bullous RRD not complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) associated with large, multiple, or posterior breaks. All eyes underwent vitrectomy, injection of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL), cryopexy and gas tamponade as the primary procedure. Encircling scleral bands were placed in all cases. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 24 months (mean 10.9 ± 6.5 months). Results Anatomical retinal re-attachment was achieved in all eyes after one operation. Best-corrected final visual acuity was improved in all cases. Complications included progressive posterior subcapsular and nucleosclerotic cataract in four (22%) of the 18 phakic eyes and epiretinal membrane in one patient. Conclusions These results, together with the relatively low incidence of complications, lead us to conclude that this technique is an effective method for treatment of bullous RRD not complicated by PVR associated with technically difficult breaks. A controlled, prospective, randomized study would be necessary to thoroughly assess the advantages of vitrectomy over scleral buckling alone in these cases.
A Comparative Study of the Duration and Efficacy of Tetracaine 1% and Bupivacaine 0.75% in Controlling Pain following Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
Authors: Verma S. , Corbett M.C. , Patmore A. , Heacock G. , Marshall J. 
Published: April 2018

Objective To evaluate if topical bupivacaine 0.75% provides better pain control after excimer laser over topical tetracaine 1% without affecting corneal wound healing, refractive outcome of visual function. Design A prospective, double-masked trial was conducted in which 38 patients were randomized to receive either tetracaine or bupivacaine every 30 minutes for 24 hours post-operatively. Pain was recorded over a four day period using a Visual Analogue Pain Scale. The rate of epithelial healing was assessed during digitized retro-illumination photography. Visual performance was recorded using best corrected Snellen acuity, objective measurements of haze, halo and glare over a six month period. Results Tetracaine afforded better pain control (p=0.05). Full epithelial closure occurred in all patients within 72 hours and no statistically significant difference was recorded in any of the parameters measured. Conclusions Contrary to our expectation, the longer acting anaesthetic, bupivacaine, was inferior to tetracaine. Limited and supervised use of topical anaesthetics is recommended in controlling pain following photorefractive keratectomy.
Long-Term Effects of Postoperative Subconjunctival Injections of Mitomycin-C in the Rabbit Eye
Authors: Pablo L.E. , Ramirez T. , Pueyo M. , Larrosa J.M. , Polo V. , Honrubia F.M. 
Published: April 2018

Aim Single or multiple subconjunctival injections of mitomycin-C (MMC) may offer one way of establishing the total dosage of MMC more accurately. The method also allows re-applications later postoperatively. In this experimental, randomized prospective study we compared the effects of a single intraoperative application of MMC at the filtering site and a single postoperative subconjunctival injection of the drug. Methods The left eyes of 32 pigmented rabbits were divided into two groups. In the first group we applied MMC intraoperatively (10) with a 4×1 mm surgical sponge soaked in a MMC solution (0.5 mg/ml). In the second group we injected 0.4 ml of the same solution subconjunctivally (SC) immediately after (conjunctival) suture. Post-operative evaluation was carried out every day during the first week, then every three days until day 58. Survival analyses were done for intraocular pressure (IOP) and bleb failure. Log-rank tests were used to compare survival differences between the groups. Results The IO group showed longer survival parameters than the SC group (p<0.05), both in the control of IOP and as regards blebs. The histological persistence of fistulas was similar. The IO group, however, had a higher incidence of undesirable side effects. Conclusions Our findings suggest IO application of MMC is more effective in reducing fibroblast ingrowth. However, subconjunctival application offers certain advantages such as the possibility of repeating the treatment postoperatively and, therefore, using a smaller initial dose.