bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
18F-Sodium fluoride PET/CT predicts overall survival in patients with advanced genitourinary malignancies treated with cabozantinib and nivolumab with or without ipilimumab
Authors: Lim Ilhan , Lindenberg Maria Liza , Mena Esther , Verdini Nicholas , Shih Joanna H. , Mayfield Christian , Thompson Ryan , Lin Jeffrey , Vega Andy , Mallek Marissa , Cadena Jacqueline , Diaz Carlos , Mortazavi Amir , Knopp Michael , Wright Chadwick , Stein Mark , Pal Sumanta , Choyke Peter L. , Apolo Andrea B. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
We evaluated the prognostic value of 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) PET/CT in patients with urological malignancies treated with cabozantinib and nivolumab with or without ipilimumab.

Methods
We prospectively recruited patients with advanced urological malignancies into a phase I trial of cabozantinib plus nivolumab with or without ipilimumab. NaF PET/CT scans were performed pre- and 8 weeks post-treatment. We measured the total volume of fluoride avid bone (FTV) using a standardized uptake value (SUV) threshold of 10. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients in terms of SUVmax, FTV, total lesion fluoride (TLF) uptake at baseline and 8 weeks post-treatment, and percent change in FTV and TLF.

Result
Of 111 patients who underwent NaF PET/CT, 30 had bone metastases at baseline. Four of the 30 patients survived for the duration of the study period. OS ranged from 0.23 to 34 months (m) (median 6.0 m). The baseline FTV of all 30 patients ranged from 9.6 to 1570 ml (median 439 ml). The FTV 8 weeks post-treatment was 56–6296 ml (median 448 ml) from 19 available patients. Patients with higher TLF at baseline had shorter OS than patients with lower TLF (3.4 vs 14 m; p = 0.022). Patients with higher SUVmax at follow-up had shorter OS than patients with lower SUVmax (5.6 vs 24 m; p = 0.010). However, FTV and TLF 8 weeks post-treatment did not show a significant difference between groups (5.6 vs 17 m; p = 0.49), and the percent changes in FTV (12 vs 14 m; p = 0.49) and TLF (5.6 vs 17 m; p = 0.54) also were not significant.

Conclusion
Higher TLF at baseline and higher SUVmax at follow-up NaF PET/CT corresponded with shorter survival in patients with bone metastases from urological malignancies who underwent treatment. NaF PET/CT may be a useful predictor of OS in this population.
Incorporation of satellite-derived thin-ice data into a global OGCM simulation
Authors: Toyoda Takahiro , Iwamoto Katsushi , Urakawa L. Shogo , Tsujino Hiroyuki , Nakano Hideyuki , Sakamoto Kei , Yamanaka Goro , Komuro Yoshiki , Nishino Shigeto , Ukita Jinro 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The presence of thin sea ice is indicative of active freezing conditions in the polar ocean. We propose a simple yet effective method to incorporate information of thin-ice category into coupled ocean–sea-ice model simulations. In our approach, the thin-ice distribution restricts thick-ice extent and constrains atmosphere–ocean heat exchange through the sea ice. Our model simulation with the incorporation of satellite-derived thin-ice data for the Arctic Ocean showed much improved representation of sea-ice and upper-ocean fields, including sea-ice thickness in the Canadian Archipelago and the region north of Greenland, mixed-layer depth over the Central Arctic, and surface-layer salinity over the open ocean. Enhanced sea-ice production by the thin-ice data constraint increased the total sea-ice volume of the Arctic Ocean by $$5 \times 10^{3}$$

5
×

10
3

–$$10 \times 10^{3}$$

10
×

10
3

km3. Subsequent sea-ice melting was also enhanced, leading to the greater amplitude of the seasonal cycle by approximately $$2 \times 10^{3}$$

2
×

10
3

km3 (15% of the baseline value from the experiment without the thin-ice data incorporation). Overall, our results demonstrate that the incorporation of satellite-derived information on thin sea ice has great potential for the improvement of coupled ocean–sea-ice simulations.
Sensitivity of identifying cut-off lows in the Southern Hemisphere using multiple criteria: implications for numbers, seasonality and intensity
Authors: Pinheiro Henri Rossi , Hodges Kevin Ivan , Gan Manoel Alonso 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Cut-off Low (COLs) are often associated with heavy precipitation and strong wind events, but there are still uncertainties on how their identification affect the numbers and seasonality. This paper aims to determine the sensitivity of identifying Southern Hemisphere COLs in the ERA-Interim reanalysis to different types of identification criteria. Upper-level cyclones are initially tracked on the 300 hPa level using relative vorticity and geopotential in order to present different perspectives. This reveals significant differences between the numbers and length of the identified tracks for the two fields. To identify the COLs different post-tracking filters are applied which are divided into two steps. Firstly, three filters are considered to separate cut-off lows from open troughs by sampling winds at different offset radial distances from the upper-level cyclonic centres. Secondly, potential vorticity and temperature criteria are imposed to determine how these conditions affect the identified COLs in terms of numbers, seasonality and intensity. It was found that methods based on multiple criteria restrict the COL identification by imposing specific characteristics, while methods based on simpler schemes (e.g. using only winds) can detect larger samples of COLs observed visually in the geopotential maps. Although it is difficult to say which method is more accurate in identifying COLs, because of the subjective aspect of observer’s assessment, a scheme using only winds should be more representative of reality as this simply imposes on the detection system a cyclonic circulation appearance regardless of the physical and dynamical characteristics. Therefore, this type of method could be considered as a standard method for identifying COLs that can be used for either operational or research purposes.
Are atrial high rate episodes (AHREs) a precursor to atrial fibrillation?
Authors: Khan Ahsan A. , Boriani Giuseppe , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Atrial high rate episodes (AHREs), also termed, subclinical atrial tachyarrhythmias or subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) are an important cardiovascular condition. Advancement in implantable cardiac devices such as pacemakers or internal cardiac defibrillators has enabled the continuous assessment of atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with an atrial lead. Patients with device-detected AHREs are at an elevated risk of stroke and may have unmet anticoagulation needs. While the benefits of oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with clinical AF are well recognised, it is not known whether the same risk–benefit ratio exists for anticoagulation therapy in patients with AHREs. The occurrence and significance of AHRE are increasingly acknowledged but these events are still not often acted upon in patients presenting with stroke and TIA. Additionally, patients with AHRE show a significant risk for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including acute heart failure, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular hospitalisation, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, which is dependent on AHRE burden. In this review, we present an overview of this relatively new entity, its associated thromboembolic risk and its management implications.

Graphic abstract
Neonates living with enterostomy following necrotising enterocolitis are at high risk of becoming severely underweight
Authors: Chong Clara , van Druten Jacqueline , Briars Graham , Eaton Simon , Clarke Paul , Tsang Thomas , Yardley Iain 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNecrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is often managed with a temporary enterostomy. Neonates with enterostomy are at risk of growth retardation during critical neurodevelopment. We examined their growth usingz-score. We identified all patients with enterostomy from NEC in two neonatal surgical units (NSU) during January 2012–December 2016. Weight-for-agez-score was calculated at birth, stoma formation and closure, noting severely underweight asz < − 3. We compared those kept in NSU until stoma closure with those discharged to local units or home (LU/H) with a stoma. A total of 74 patients were included. By stoma closure, 66 (89%) had deteriorated inz-score with 31 (42%) being severely underweight. There was no difference inz-score at stoma closure between NSU and LU/H despite babies sent to LU/H having a more distal stoma, higher birth weight and gestational age. Babies in LU/H spent a much shorter period on parenteral nutrition while living with their stoma for longer, many needing readmission.Conclusion: Growth failure is a common and severe problem in babies living with enterostomy following NEC.z-score allowed growth trajectory to be accounted for in nutrition prescription and timing of stoma closure. Care during this period should be focused on minimising harm.What is Known:•Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening condition affecting predominately premature and very low birth weight neonates. Emergency treatment with temporary enterostomy often leads to growth failure.•There is no consensus on the optimal timing for stoma reversal, hence prolonging impact on growth during crucial developmental periods. Both malnutrition and surgical NEC are independently associated with poor neurodevelopment outcome.What is New:•Our study found growth in 89% of babies deteriorated while living with a stoma, with 42% having a weight-for-age z-score < − 3, meeting the WHO criteria of being severely underweight, despite judicial use of parenteral nutrition. Applying z-score to weight measurements will allow growth trajectory to be accounted for in clinical decisions, including nutrition prescription (both enteral and parenteral), and guide timing of stoma closure.•Surgeons who target stoma closure at a certain weight risk waiting for an indefinite period of time, during which babies’ growth may falter.
Snow is an important control of plant community functional composition in oroarctic tundra
Authors: Happonen Konsta , Aalto Juha , Kemppinen Julia , Niittynen Pekka , Virkkala Anna-Maria , Luoto Miska 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The functional composition of plant communities is a critical modulator of climate change impacts on ecosystems, but it is not a simple function of regional climate. In the Arctic tundra, where climate change is proceeding the most rapidly, communities have not shifted their trait composition as predicted by spatial temperature–trait relationships. Important causal pathways are thus missing from models of trait composition change. Here, we study causes of plant community functional variation in an oroarctic tundra landscape in Kilpisjärvi, Finland. We consider the community-weighted means of plant vegetative height, as well as two traits related to the leaf economic spectrum. Specifically, we model their responses to locally measured summer air temperature, snow conditions, and soil resource levels. For each of the traits, we also quantify the importance of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) for between-community functional differences and trait–environment matching. Our study shows that in a tundra landscape (1) snow is the most influential abiotic variable affecting functional composition, (2) vegetation height is under weak local environmental control, whereas leaf economics is under strong local environmental control, (3) the relative magnitude of ITV differs between traits, and (4) ITV is not very consequential for community-level trait–environment relationships. Our analyses highlight the importance of winter conditions for community functional composition in seasonal areas. We show that winter climate change can either amplify or counter the effects summer warming, depending on the trait.
Cultivation technology development of Rhodothermus marinus DSM 16675
Authors: Ron Emanuel Y. C. , Sardari Roya R. R. , Anthony Richard , van Niel Ed W. J. , Hreggvidsson Gudmundur O. , Nordberg-Karlsson Eva 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This work presents an evaluation of batch, fed-batch, and sequential batch cultivation techniques for production of R. marinus DSM 16675 and its exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and carotenoids in a bioreactor, using lysogeny broth (LB) and marine broth (MB), respectively, in both cases supplemented with 10 g/L maltose. Batch cultivation using LB supplemented with maltose (LBmalt) resulted in higher cell density (OD620 = 6.6) than use of MBmalt (OD620 = 1.7). Sequential batch cultivation increased the cell density threefold (OD620 = 20) in LBmalt and eightfold (OD620 = 14) in MBmalt. In both single and sequential batches, the production of carotenoids and EPSs using LBmalt was detected in the exponential phase and stationary phase, respectively, while in MBmalt formation of both products was detectable in both the exponential and stationary phases of the culture. Heteropolymeric EPSs were produced with an overall volumetric productivity (QE) of 0.67 (mg/L h) in MBmalt and the polymer contained xylose. In LB, QE was lower (0.1 mg/L h) and xylose could not be detected in the composition of the produced EPSs. In conclusion, this study showed the importance of a process design and medium source for production of R. marinus DSM 16675 and its metabolites.
Mismatch repair protein loss in breast cancer: clinicopathological associations in a large British Columbia cohort
Authors: Cheng Angela S. , Leung Samuel C. Y. , Gao Dongxia , Burugu Samantha , Anurag Meenakshi , Ellis Matthew J. , Nielsen Torsten O. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Alterations to mismatch repair (MMR) pathways are a known cause of cancer, particularly colorectal and endometrial carcinomas. Recently, checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for use in MMR-deficient cancers of any type (Prasad et al. in JAMA Oncol 4:157–158, 2018). Functional studies in breast cancer have shown associations between MMR loss, resistance to aromatase inhibitors and sensitivity to palbociclib (Haricharan et al. in Cancer Discov 7:1168–1183, 2017). Herein, we investigate the clinical meaning of MMR deficiency in breast cancer by immunohistochemical assessment of MSH2, MSH6, MLH1 and PMS2 on a large series of breast cancers linked to detailed biomarker and long-term outcome data.

Methods
Cases were classified as MMR intact when all four markers expressed nuclear reactivity, but MMR-deficient when at least one of the four biomarkers displayed loss of nuclear staining in the presence of positive internal stromal controls on the tissue microarray core.

Results
Among the 1635 cases with interpretable staining, we identified 31 (1.9%) as MMR-deficient. In our cohort, MMR deficiency was present across all major breast cancer subtypes, and was associated with high-grade, low-progesterone receptor expression and high tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts. MMR deficiency is significantly associated with inferior overall (HR 2.29, 95% CI 1.02–5.17, p = 0.040) and disease-specific survival (HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.00–7.35, p = 0.042) in the 431 estrogen receptor-positive patients who were uniformly treated with tamoxifen as their sole adjuvant systemic therapy.

Conclusion
Overall, this study supports the concept that breast cancer patients with MMR deficiency as assessed by immunohistochemistry may be good candidates for alternative treatment approaches such as immune checkpoint or CDK4 inhibitors.
Influence of urea on methyl $$\upbeta$$-D-glucopyranoside in alkali at different temperatures
Authors: Gunnarsson Maria , Hasani Merima , Bernin Diana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The dissolution efficiency plays an important role on the properties of regenerated cellulose-based products. Urea is known to be one of the additives aiding to improve cellulose dissolution in the NaOH(aq) system. The acting mechanism caused by urea has been debated and one of the hypothesis is that urea could induce a conformational change on cellulose, which promotes dissolution. Here we used NMR spectroscopy on a model system for cellulose, namely, methyl $$\upbeta$$β-D-glucopyranoside ($$\upbeta$$β-MeO-Glcp) and compared chemical shifts and J couplings, which both are indicators for conformational changes, as a function of temperature and upon the addition of urea. We found that in NaOH(aq), the hydroxymethyl group changes its conformation in favour of the population of the gt rotamer, while the presence of urea induced temperature dependent conformational changes. Heteronuclear Overhauser effect experiments showed that urea associates with cellulose but in a non-specific manner. This suggests that urea rather than binding to the carbohydrate, changes the chemical environment inducing a change in conformation of $$\upbeta$$β-MeO-Glcp and likely also for cellulose when dissolved in NaOH(aq) with urea.
Health behaviours and beliefs in individuals with familial pancreatic cancer
Authors: Underhill-Blazey Meghan , Blonquist Traci , Lawrence Janette , Hong Fangxin , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Syngal Sapna 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIndividuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer are recommended surveillance and healthy lifestyle behaviours and patient experience with recommendations are understudied. To describe engagement and experience with surveillance, tobacco and alcohol use, health beliefs and motivation (Champion Health Belief Measure) and the relationship with personal, psychosocial (Impact of Event Scale), and familial characteristics. Interest in integrative therapies (complementary therapies) are described. A multi-site cross-sectional survey including individuals at high risk for pancreatic cancer with no diagnosis of pancreatic cancer who have been evaluated at a comprehensive cancer center. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess univariate associations. Of the 132 respondents (72% response rate), 92 (70%) reported undergoing surveillance which was associated with older age (p = 0.001). Of which, 36% and 51% report that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), respectively, were uncomfortable; 22% and 30% dread the next MRI or EUS, respectively. Of those who reported alcohol consumption (n = 88); 15% consumed 1 or more drinks daily and no alcohol consumption was associated with higher Impact of Event scale scores (p = 0.024). A total of six participants were currently smoking every day or some days. Participants reported high motivation to engage in heathy behaviours and 92% were interested in integrative therapies. In these select participants, most were engaging in pancreatic cancer surveillance, alcohol intake was moderate, and tobacco intake was minimal. Modifiable factors, such as experience and comfort with surveillance could be addressed. The sample is motivated to engage in behavioural health intervention.
Diagnostics and treatment of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: where do we stand?
Authors: El-Khouly Fatma E. , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Sophie E. M. , Santa-Maria Lopez Vicente , Hendrikse N. Harry , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Loizos G. , Sumerauer David , Nysom Karsten , Pruunsild Kaie , Pentikainen Virve , Thorarinsdottir Halldora K. , Rutkauskiene Giedre , Calvagna Victor , Drogosiewicz Monika , Dragomir Monica , Deak Ladislav , Kitanovski Lidija , von Bueren Andre O. , Kebudi Rejin , Slavc Irene , Jacobs Sandra , Jadrijevic-Cvrlje Filip , Entz-Werle Natacha , Grill Jacques , Kattamis Antonis , Hauser Peter , Pears Jane , Biassoni Veronica , Massimino Maura , Lopez Aguilar Enrique , Torsvik Ingrid K. , Joao Gil-da-Costa Maria , Kumirova Ella , Cruz-Martinez Ofelia , Holm Stefan , Bailey Simon , Hayden Tim , Thomale Ulrich W. , Janssens Geert O. R. , Kramm Christof M. , van Vuurden Dannis G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is a rare clinically, neuro-radiologically, and molecularly defined malignancy of the brainstem with a median overall survival of approximately 11 months. Our aim is to evaluate the current tendency for its treatment in Europe in order to develop (inter)national consensus guidelines.

Methods
Healthcare professionals specialized in DIPG were asked to fill in an online survey with questions regarding usual treatment strategies at diagnosis and at disease progression in their countries and/or their centers, respectively.

Results
Seventy-four healthcare professionals responded to the survey, of which 87.8% were pediatric oncologists. Only 13.5% of the respondents biopsy all of their patients, 41.9% biopsy their patients infrequently. More than half of the respondents (54.1%) treated their patients with radiotherapy only at diagnosis, whereas 44.6% preferred radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. When the disease progresses, treatment strategies became even more diverse, and the tendency for no treatment increased from 1.4% at diagnosis to 77.0% after second progression. 36.5% of the healthcare professionals treat children younger than 3 years differently than older children at diagnosis. This percentage decreased, when the disease progresses. Most of the participants (51.4%) included less than 25% of their patients in clinical trials.

Conclusion
This survey demonstrates a large heterogeneity of treatment regimens, especially at disease progression. We emphasize the need for international consensus guidelines for the treatment of DIPG, possible by more collaborative clinical trials.
Direct comparison of supervised and semi-supervised retraining approaches for co-adaptive BCIs
Authors: Schwarz Andreas , Brandstetter Julia , Pereira Joana , Müller-Putz Gernot R. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
For Brain-Computer interfaces (BCIs), system calibration is a lengthy but necessary process for successful operation. Co-adaptive BCIs aim to shorten training and imply positive motivation to users by presenting feedback already at early stages: After just 5 min of gathering calibration data, the systems are able to provide feedback and engage users in a mutual learning process. In this work, we investigate whether the retraining stage of co-adaptive BCIs can be adapted to a semi-supervised concept, where only a small amount of labeled data is available and all additional data needs to be labeled by the BCI itself. The aim of the current work was to evaluate whether a semi-supervised co-adaptive BCI could successfully compete with a supervised co-adaptive BCI model. In a supporting two-class (190 trials per condition) BCI study based on motor imagery tasks, we evaluated both approaches in two separate groups of 10 participants online, while we simulated the other approach in each group offline. Our results indicate that despite the lack of true labeled data, the semi-supervised driven BCI did not perform significantly worse (p > 0.05) than the supervised counterpart. We believe that these findings contribute to developing BCIs for long-term use, where continuous adaptation becomes imperative for maintaining meaningful BCI performance.
On Protomerulius and Heterochaetella (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)
Authors: Spirin Viacheslav , Malysheva Vera , Miettinen Otto , Vlasák Josef , Alvarenga Renato Lúcio Mendes , Gibertoni Tatiana Baptista , Ryvarden Leif , Larsson Karl-Henrik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The taxonomy of Protomerulius and Heterochaetella is revised based on DNA data and morphological evidence, and their type species, P. brasiliensis and H. dubia, are proved to be congeneric. As a consequence, H. dubia and related species, of which four are described as new, are placed in Protomerulius. Heterochaete microspora is also combined in Protomerulius, and the genus concept is redefined to encompass effused species with smooth or spiny hymenophore and monomitic hyphal structure. Psilochaete multifora, gen. and spec. nov. is a distant relative of Protomerulius spp. found in Norway. Heterochaetella cystidiophora is re-collected in Brazil and placed in the synonyms of Heterochaete sanctae-catharinae. This species does not belong to the Protomerulius–Heterochaetella lineage, and it is transferred to Metulochaete, gen. nov.