bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Synthesis of Coumarin–Imidazole Hybrid Chromophores: Solvatochromism, Acidochromism and Nonlinear Optical Properties
Authors: Bhagwat Archana A. , Avhad Kiran C. , Patil Dinesh S. , Sekar Nagaiyan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA set of linear and asymmetric coumarin–imidazole hybrid compounds having a N,N‐diethylamine at 7‐position and imidazole at 3‐position on the coumarin were synthesized. Insertion of thiophene π‐spacer between coumarin and imidazole moieties (5b, 5d) leads to redshifted absorption and emission compared to 5a and 5c. All the compounds show a noticeable response to trifluoroacetic acid with a redshifted absorption and an increase in emission intensity by twofold. The ratio of ground and excited state acidity constant was calculated using Förster energy cycle, and the ratios were found to be 0.25, 0.96, 0.52 and 1.87, respectively, for 5a‐5d. Due to the thiophene π‐spacer, elongation of π‐conjugation in 5b and 5d leads to high values of polarizability (α), first‐order hyperpolarizability (β) and second‐order hyperpolarizability (γ). Compound 5b exhibits a high value (895 GM) of two‐photon absorption cross section (σ2PA), measured using two‐level model.
Tranexamic Acid Ameliorates Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Induced by Long‐term Ultraviolet A Irradiation
Authors: Hiramoto Keiichi , Yamate Yurika , Sugiyama Daijiro , Matsuda Kazunari , Iizuka Yasutaka , Yamaguchi Tomohiko 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo date, there have been no treatments developed to ameliorate nonmelanoma skin cancer induced by long‐term exposure to ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation. In this study, we examined the effects of tranexamic acid (trans‐4‐aminomethyl cyclohexanecarboxylic acid) on long‐term UVA‐induced skin cancer. We exposed the dorsal skin of male hairless mice to UVA at a dose of 110 kJ m−2 using an FL20SBLB‐A lamp three times weekly for 15 weeks after application of 7,12‐dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA). During the experimental period, the mice were administered tranexamic acid (750 mg kg−1 day−1) three times weekly. We found that cancer development was ameliorated by administration of tranexamic acid. Furthermore, tranexamic acid treatment was observed to suppress increases in the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 and interleukin (IL)‐6, and skin expression of plasmin, CC chemokine 2, macrophages, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, cyclin D and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐A that occurred in mice subjected to long‐term UVA irradiation. These results indicated that the nonmelanoma skin cancer induced by DMBA+UVA long‐term irradiation is ameliorated by tranexamic acid through regulation of the plasmin/macrophage/IL‐6/STAT3/cyclin D signal transmission pathway. In addition, this ameliorative effect against skin cancer may be mediated via inhibition of the IL‐6‐induced expression of VEGF‐A.
Photodynamic Therapy Mediated by 5‐aminolevulinic Acid Promotes the Upregulation and Modifies the Intracellular Expression of Surveillance Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Rosin Flávia Cristina Perillo , Teixeira Marina Gabriela , Pelissari Cibele , Corrêa Luciana 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExpression of proteins related to cell surveillance has been described in tumors presenting resistance to photodynamic therapy (PDT). The aim of this study was to verify whether there was upregulation of proteins related to resistance in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after PDT. OSCC was chemically induced in rats and treated after one cycle of PDT mediated by 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA‐PDT). Immunolabeling of p‐NFκB, Bcl‐2, survivin, iNOS, p‐Akt, p‐mTOR and cyclin D1 was performed after the treatment. There was increased expression of Bcl‐2 (P = 0.008), iNOS (P = 0.020), p‐Akt (P = 0.020) and p‐mTOR (P = 0.010) by surviving neoplastic cells after PDT when compared to the control. In conclusion, after one cycle of 5‐ALA‐mediated PDT, Bcl‐2, p‐Akt, p‐mTOR and iNOS were upregulated in neoplastic cells of OSCC, suggesting an activation of antiapoptosis and cell proliferation pathways. This fact must be considered in the establishment of PDT protocols for OSCC treatment, mainly those in which PDT will be combined with chemotherapy drugs targeted at the studied proteins.
Alteration of the affective modulation of the startle reflex during antidepressant treatment
Authors: Sen Zümrüt Duygu , Temucin Cagri Mesut , Başar Koray , Ulug Berna Diclenur , Gökcen Onur , Özer Suzan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhereas the amplitude of the startle reflex varies with stimulus valence in the normal population, a lack of this affective modulation has been reported in patients with major depressive disorder. The present study sought to clarify blunted startle modulation as a feature of depression by comparing 16 patients diagnosed with major depression prior to and after 2 weeks of SSRI treatment, and 16 healthy controls. The affect‐modulated startle reflex paradigm and the Self‐Assessment Manikin were used to probe affective reactivity. In addition, a preliminary analysis of change in affective reactivity pattern was performed with depressed patients who could be assessed in the eighth week of treatment (n = 13). The control group showed a linear trend in response across valence categories, which was stable over sessions. Blunted affective reactivity was observed only in the patients and persisted after 2 weeks of treatment. Nevertheless, a linear trend could be detected in the eighth week of treatment. These findings confirm that the affective reactivity is blunted in depression and provide initial evidence for the lack of change in the early phase of SSRI antidepressant treatment. Nevertheless, in a small group, the emergence of a linear trend in response was evident later with treatment. Large‐scale studies are required to assess the relation between the treatment response and the change in affective modulation of the startle reflex, as a potential biomarker.
Sugar cane crop management by N‐fertilizer application affects the aromaticity of humic acid structures in the superficial layer in soil
Authors: Assunção S. A. , dos Anjos L. H. C. , Pereira M. G. , Lima E. , Paz González A. , de Oliveira A. P. P. , García A. C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe nitrogen (N) applied to soil in a sugar cane field is prone to loss because of leaching, volatilization and/or mineralization. The interaction of the applied N‐fertilizers and the organic matter present in the most superficial layer of the soils has not been studied much. In this study, we evaluated the effects of application of N‐fertilizer ((NH4)2SO4) on the structural characteristics of the humic acids present in the surface layer of soil in a sugar cane field. The results show that the application of 100 and 120 kg/ha (NH4)2SO4 contributed to the formation of more aromatic humic acids. It also favoured the transformation of more labile structures, such as carbohydrates (CAlk‐di‐O), and preserved the chemically more stable and recalcitrant structures CArom‐(H,R) and CArom‐(O,N). Our results would help in the proper management of the application of N‐fertilizers for optimum yield.
Transfusion practices and complications in thalassemia
Authors: Lal Ashutosh , Wong Trisha E. , Andrews Jennifer , Balasa Vinod V. , Chung Jong H. , Forester Craig M. , Ikeda Alan K. , Keel Siobán B. , Pagano Monica B. , Puthenveetil Geetha , Shah Sanjay J. , Yu Jennifer C. , Vichinsky Elliott P. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDThe severe forms of thalassemia are the most common inherited anemias managed with regular blood transfusion therapy. Transfusion policies and complications are critical to quality of life and survival, but there is a lack of standardized care.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA survey of 58 items was completed in 2016 by 11 centers in California, Washington, Oregon, Nevada, and Arizona providing long‐term care for thalassemia. The questionnaire addressed demographic information, transfusion practices and complications, and educational needs.RESULTSThe centers followed 717 patients with β‐thalassemia (314, 43.8%) or α‐thalassemia (394, 55%). One‐third (34.7%) of patients were transfusion‐dependent. Indications and goals of transfusion therapy differed between centers. Prestorage leukoreduction was universal, while routine irradiation of units was limited to one site. Red blood cell antigen phenotype was determined before the first transfusion and patients received Rh/Kell‐matched units. However, more than half of the transfused patients had received blood at multiple hospitals within or outside the United States. Alloantibodies were seen in 16.9% of transfused group, but management of such patients was variable. Unusual or emerging transfusion‐transmitted pathogens were not observed. Multiple educational needs were recognized, with iron overload as the biggest challenge; the approach to iron chelation varied within the group.CONCLUSIONThis study identified many patients not included in earlier surveys limited to major national centers, suggesting that the thalassemia population in the United States is vastly underestimated. Lack of evidence‐based guidelines is a barrier to optimal care, which should be addressed through regional consortia of thalassemia centers.
Low‐dose administration of bleomycin leads to early alterations in lung mechanics
Authors: Headley Lauren , Bi Weizhen , Wilson Cory , Collum Scott D. , Chavez Melissa , Darwiche Tamara , Mertens Tinne C. J. , Hernandez Adriana M. , Siddiqui Saad R. , Rosenbaum Stephanie , Johnston Richard A. , Karmouty‐Quintana Harry 
Published: September 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
When do alterations in pulmonary mechanics occur following chronic low‐dose administration of bleomycin?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Remarkably, we report changes in lung mechanics as early as day 7 that corresponded to parameters determined from single‐frequency forced oscillation manoeuvres and pressure–volume loops. These changes preceded substantial histological changes or changes in gene expression levels. These findings are significant to refine drug discovery in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, where preclinical studies using lung function parameters would enhance the translational potential of drug candidates where lung function readouts are routinely performed in the clinic.
AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most widespread form of interstitial lung disease and, currently, there are only limited treatment options available. In preclinical animal models of lung fibrosis, the effectiveness of experimental therapeutics is often deemed successful via reductions in collagen deposition and expression of profibrotic genes in the lung. However, in clinical studies, improvements in lung function are primarily used to gauge the success of therapeutics directed towards IPF. Therefore, we examined whether changes in respiratory system mechanics in the early stages of an experimental model of lung fibrosis can be used to refine drug discovery approaches for IPF. C57BL/6J mice were administered bleomycin (BLM) or a vehicle control i.p. twice a week for 4 weeks. At 7, 14, 21, 28 and 33 days into the BLM treatment regimen, indices of respiratory system mechanics and pressure–volume relationships were measured. Concomitant with these measurements, histological and gene analyses relevant to lung fibrosis were performed. Alterations in respiratory system mechanics and pressure–volume relationships were observed as early as 7 days after the start of BLM administration. Changes in respiratory system mechanics preceded the appearance of histological and molecular indices of lung fibrosis. Administration of BLM leads to early changes in respiratory system mechanics that coincide with the appearance of representative histological and molecular indices of lung fibrosis. Consequently, these data suggest that dampening the early changes in respiratory system mechanics might be used to assess the effectiveness of experimental therapeutics in preclinical animal models of lung fibrosis.
Renal reactivity: acid‐base compensation during incremental ascent to high altitude
Authors: Zouboules Shaelynn M. , Lafave Hailey C. , O'Halloran Ken D. , Brutsaert Tom D. , Nysten Heidi E. , Nysten Cassandra E. , Steinback Craig D. , Sherpa Mingma T. , Day Trevor A. 
Published: September 2018

Key points
Ascent to high altitude imposes an acid‐base challenge in which renal compensation is integral for maintaining pH homeostasis, facilitating acclimatization and helping prevent mountain sicknesses.
The time‐course and extent of plasticity of this important renal response during incremental ascent to altitude is unclear.
We created a novel index that accurately quantifies renal acid‐base compensation, which may have laboratory, fieldwork and clinical applications.
Using this index, we found that renal compensation increased and plateaued after 5 days of incremental altitude exposure, suggesting plasticity in renal acid‐base compensation mechanisms.
The time‐course and extent of plasticity in renal responsiveness may predict severity of altitude illness or acclimatization at higher or more prolonged stays at altitude.
AbstractAscent to high altitude, and the associated hypoxic ventilatory response, imposes an acid‐base challenge, namely chronic hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis. The kidneys impart a relative compensatory metabolic acidosis through the elimination of bicarbonate (HCO3−) in urine. The time‐course and extent of plasticity of the renal response during incremental ascent is unclear. We developed an index of renal reactivity (RR), indexing the relative change in arterial bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3−]a) (i.e. renal response) against the relative change in arterial pressure of CO2 () (i.e. renal stimulus) during incremental ascent to altitude (). We aimed to assess whether: (i) RR magnitude was inversely correlated with relative changes in arterial pH (ΔpHa) with ascent and (ii) RR increased over time and altitude exposure (i.e. plasticity). During ascent to 5160 m over 10 days in the Nepal Himalaya, arterial blood was drawn from the radial artery for measurement of blood gas/acid‐base variables in lowlanders at 1045/1400 m and after 1 night of sleep at 3440 m (day 3), 3820 m (day 5), 4240 m (day 7) and 5160 m (day 10) during ascent. At 3820 m and higher, RR significantly increased and plateaued compared to 3440 m (P < 0.04), suggesting plasticity in renal acid‐base compensations. At all altitudes, we observed a strong negative correlation (r ≤ −0.71; P < 0.001) between RR and ΔpHa from baseline. Renal compensation plateaued after 5 days of altitude exposure, despite subsequent exposure to higher altitudes. The time‐course, extent of plasticity and plateau in renal responsiveness may predict severity of altitude illness or acclimatization at higher or more prolonged stays at altitude.
Comparison Between Experimental and Heart Rate-Derived Core Body Temperatures Using a Three-Dimensional Whole Body Model
Authors: Banerjee Rupak K. , Kalathil Robins T. , Zachariah Swarup A. , Paul Anup K. , Bhattacharya Amit , Horn Gavin P. , Smith Denise L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDetermination of core body temperature (Tc), a measure of metabolic rate, in firefighters is needed to avoid heat-stress related injury in real time. The measurement of Tc is neither routine nor trivial. This research is significant as thermal model to determine Tc is still fraught with uncertainties and reliable experimental data for validation are rare. The objective of this study is to develop a human thermoregulatory model that uses the heart rate measurements to obtain Tc for firefighters using a 3D whole body model. The hypothesis is that the heart rate-derived computed Tc correlates with the measured Tc during firefighting activities. The transient thermal response of the human body was calculated by simultaneously solving the Pennes' bioheat and energy balance equations. The difference between experimental and numerical values of Tc was less than 2.6%. More importantly, a ± 10% alteration in heart rate was observed to have appreciable influence on Tc, resulting in a ± 1.2 °C change. A 10% increase in the heart rate causes a significant relative % increase (52%) in Tc, considering its allowable/safe limit of 39.5 °C. Routine acquisition of the heart rate data during firefighting scenario can be used to derive Tc of firefighters in real time using the proposed 3D whole body model.
Epidemiological study on intestinal volvulus without malrotation in VLBW infants
Authors: Yarkin Yasemin , Maas Christoph , Franz Axel R , Kirschner Hans-Joachim , Poets Christian F 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundWe conducted a monthly epidemiological survey in Germany to detect the prevalence of volvulus without malrotation (VWM) in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants and to identify factors for a better distinction between this rare and life-threatening event and other acute abdominal diseases in preterm infants.MethodsThroughout 2014 and 2015, every paediatric department in Germany was asked to report cases of VWM in infants with birth weights <1500 g to the Surveillance Unit for Rare Paediatric Conditions in Germany. Hospitals reporting a case were asked to return an anonymised questionnaire and discharge letter.ResultsOf 36 cases reported, detailed information was submitted on 29, with 26 meeting entry criteria. With 9896 and 10 140 VLBW infants born in Germany in 2014 and 2015, respectively, we estimated a prevalence of 1.52/1000 VLBW infants for 2014 and 1.08/1000 in 2015. No specific early symptom could be determined. 10% died, and 21% of infants developed short bowel syndrome. Calculated from all verified VWM arise death in 8% and a short bowel syndrome in 15%.ConclusionVWM is a rare source of acute abdomen in VLBW infants. No specific signs and symptoms potentially facilitating an early recognition of VWM could be found from this survey. Because the rates of death and short bowel syndrome are high, VWM should always be considered early in an acute abdomen in a VLBW infant.
Optimisation of dark adaptation time required for mesopic microperimetry
Authors: Han Ruofan Connie , Gray Joanna Monika , Han Jennie , Maclaren Robert E , Jolly Jasleen Kaur 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundMacular Integrity Assessment (MAIA) microperimetry is increasingly used in clinical and research settings to assess point retinal sensitivity and fixation stability. Testing occurs under mesopic conditions, commonly after a period of dark adaptation. Our aim was to identify the minimum length of adaptation required to optimise microperimetry performance.MethodsMAIA microperimetry using the 10-2 grid was performed on 40 right eyes of 40 healthy participants aged 18–73 with no ocular pathology and vision of at least 0.1 logMAR after ambient light exposure, with 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min of adaptation in mesopic settings. Ten right eyes of 10 participants with choroideremia were also tested following 0 and 20 min of adaptation. We further tested 10 right eyes of 10 healthy participants after bright light exposure, with 0, 10 and 20 min of adaptation. We compared changes in threshold sensitivity and fixation stability across time points.ResultsMicroperimetry performance did not improve with increasing adaptation time in healthy participants or patients with choroideremia after ambient light exposure. After bright light exposure, we found microperimetry thresholds improved after 10 min of adaptation, but did not improve further at 20 min.ConclusionMesopic adaptation is not required before MAIA microperimetry after exposure to ambient light. Ten minutes of adaptation is sufficient after exposure to a bright light stimulus, such as ophthalmoscopy or retinal imaging. The brief time of dark adaptation required corresponds to cone adaptation curves and provides further evidence for cone-mediated central retinal function under mesopic conditions.
Comorbidities in the first 2 years after arthroscopic hip surgery: substantial increases in mental health disorders, chronic pain, substance abuse and cardiometabolic conditions
Authors: Rhon Daniel I , Greenlee Tina A , Marchant Bryant G , Sissel Charles Dennis , Cook Chad E 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify the rate of seven comorbidities (mental health disorders, chronic pain, substance abuse disorders, cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, systemic arthropathy and sleep disorders) that occurred within 2 years after hip arthroscopy.MethodsData from individuals (ages 18–50 years) undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery between 2004 and 2013 were collected from the Military Health System (MHS) Data Repository (MDR). The MDR captures all healthcare encounters in all settings and locations for individuals within the MHS. Person-level data over 36 months were pulled and aggregated. Seven comorbidities related to poor outcomes from musculoskeletal disorders (mental health disorders, chronic pain, substance abuse disorders, cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, systemic arthropathy and sleep disorders) were examined 12 months prior and 24 months after surgery. Changes in frequencies were calculated as were differences in proportions between presurgery and postsurgery.Results1870 subjects were identified (mean age 32.24 years; 55.5% men) and analysed. There were statistically significant increases (p<0.001) proportionally for all comorbidities after surgery. Relative to baseline, cases of mental health disorders rose 84%, chronic pain diagnoses increased 166%, substance abuse disorders rose 57%, cardiovascular disorders rose by 71%, metabolic syndrome cases rose 85.9%, systemic arthropathy rose 132% and sleep disorders rose 111%.ConclusionsMajor (potentially ‘hidden’) clinical comorbidities increased substantially after elective arthroscopic hip surgery when compared with preoperative status. These comorbidities appear to have been overlooked in major studies evaluating the benefits and risks of arthroscopic hip surgery.Level of evidencePrognostic, level III.