bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Soothing My Child's Soul and My Own”: Dealing with Pregnancy Loss in Postcommunist Romania
Authors: van der Sijpt Erica 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn Romania—where induced abortions were legally prohibited during communism and are now morally condemned by many—those who lose a pregnancy against their will have long been regarded with suspicion, confronted with a sense of culpability, and surrounded by silence. This ambiguity is reflected in the local terminology and the perceived etiology of loss. In this article, which is based on 15 months of fieldwork between 2012 and 2015, I illustrate the various meanings and manifestations of a silenced sense of culpability around involuntary pregnancy loss in the lives of women from Bucharest and a small town in Central Romania. I also show how many of these women attempt to break the silence around their lost fetuses and carve out a personal space of commemoration and consolation. Their informal use of forbidden religious rituals paradoxically allows them to confirm the existence of their lost little ones and to position themselves as caring, rather than culpable, mothers. [pregnancy loss, commemoration, culpability, postcommunist Romania]
Temporal and spatial variations in the metazoan parasite communities of the Panama spadefish,Parapsettus panamensis(Pisces: Ephippidae), from the Pacific coast of Mexico
Authors: Villalba‐Vasquez Princessa J. , Violante‐González Juan , Monks Scott , Marino‐Romero Jaime U. , Ibáñez Sergio García , Rojas‐Herrera Agustín A. , Flores‐Garza Rafael , Rosas‐Guerrero Víctor 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the tropics, variations in the structure and species composition of marine fish parasite communities over several years have received limited attention. Changes in water temperature in the tropics are not as extreme as in temperate climes, and the processes that generate variations in these parasite communities are as yet unclear. The parasite communities in populations ofParapsettus panamensisfrom four locations on the south‐central Pacific coast of Mexico were quantified and analyzed. Four hundred forty‐six fish were collected over a 6‐year period (2012; 2013; 2016a,b; and 2017). Twenty‐three metazoan parasite species were recovered and identified: three species of Monogenea (present as adults); eight species of Digenea (adults); one species of Acanthocephala (juveniles); one species of Cestoda (larvae); three species of Nematoda (two present as adults and one present as larvae); four species of Copepoda; and three species of Isopoda (two present as adults, and one present as larvae). At the component community level, parasite species richness varied significantly from 10 (Marquelia 2016) to 17 species (Acapulco Bay 2012). The component communities and infracommunities ofP. panamensisexhibited a similar pattern: low species numbers, low diversity, and dominance by a single parasite species. Parasite community structure and species composition varied between sampling years and locations. The main factors responsible for these variations were host traits such as feeding behavior and body size, and occurrence of a set of distinctive parasite species.
EU Regional Policy and the Neighbour's Curse: Analyzing the Income Convergence Effects of ESIF Funding in the Presence of Spatial Spillovers
Authors: Breidenbach Philipp , Mitze Timo , Schmidt Christoph M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe European structural and investment funds (ESIF) constitute the prime instrument of EU regional policy. We study the ESIF's effectiveness in terms of fostering intra‐EU income convergence through investment support to lagging regions. Our empirical results for the period 1997–2007 indicate that the ESIF's contribution to income growth is insignificant or even negative for several peripheral EU regions. We argue that the negative link between funding and regional growth is mainly attributable to spatial spillovers. While the latter may reflect the intensified competition for scarce production factors among highly funded regions in geographical proximity, we also discuss the role played by structural backwardness in a macro‐regional context to explain this sobering result. As such, we show that negative funding effects significantly correlate with lower levels of regional institutional quality. Taken together, our findings indicate that unintended distortionary effects restrain EU regional policy from working effectively to foster income convergence.
Early Post‐Intensive Care Syndrome among Older Adult Sepsis Survivors Receiving Home Care
Authors: Riegel Barbara , Huang Liming , Mikkelsen Mark E. , Kutney‐Lee Ann , Hanlon Alexandra L. , Murtaugh Christopher M. , Bowles Kathryn H. 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVESNew or worsened disabilities in functional, cognitive, or mental health following an intensive care unit (ICU) stay are referred to as post‐intensive care syndrome (PICS). PICS has not been described in older adults receiving home care. Our aim was to examine the relationship between length of ICU stay and PICS among older adults receiving home care. We expected that patients in the ICU for 3 days or longer would demonstrate significantly more disability in all three domains on follow‐up than those not in the ICU. A secondary aim was to identify patient characteristics increasing the odds of disability.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGHospitalization for sepsis in the United States.PARTICIPANTSA total of 21 520 Medicare patients receiving home care and reassessed a median of 1 day (interquartile range 1‐2 d) after hospital discharge.MEASUREMENTSPICS was defined as a decline or worsening in one or more of 16 indicators tested before and after hospitalization using OASIS (Home Health Outcome and Assessment Information Set) and Medicare claims data.RESULTSThe sample was predominantly female and white. All had sepsis, and most (81.8%) had severe sepsis. In adjusted models, an ICU stay of 3 days or longer, compared with no ICU stay, increased the odds of physical disability. Overall, the declines were modest and found in specific activities of daily living (16% for feeding and lower body dressing to 26% for oral medicine management). No changes were identified in cognition or mental health. Significant determinants of new or worsened physical disabilities were sepsis severity, older age, depression, frailty, and dementia.CONCLUSIONOlder adults receiving home care who develop sepsis and are in an ICU for 3 days or longer are likely to develop new or worsened physical disabilities. Whether these disabilities remain after the early postdischarge phase requires further study. J Am Geriatr Soc 67:520–526, 2019.
Leaving and Returning Home: A New Approach to Off‐Time Transitions
Authors: van den Berg Lonneke , Kalmijn Matthijs , Leopold Thomas 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study offers a new approach to off‐time transitions and applies it to the link between leaving and returning home.BackgroundIt is no longer uncommon for young adults to return after having left the parental home. Previous research has mostly examined returning home in isolation from leaving home, although these two transitions are closely intertwined.MethodUsing longitudinal data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel Study, the authors examine the link between leaving and returning home in a two‐step model. The model captures home leaving in a selection model and links off‐time leaving to the subsequent risk of returning home. This measure of off‐time leaving is sensitive to specific individual circumstances.ResultsThe findings show that the new measure of off‐time leaving is a better predictor for returning home than age at leaving home. Young adults who leave home more off‐time are more likely to return home. Experiences after leaving home significantly mediate part, but not all of the effect of off‐time home leaving on returning home.ConclusionThe processes of leaving and returning home are linked: Off‐time time home leavers are more likely to return home than on‐time leavers.ImplicationsThe findings contribute to research on returning home and the life course by demonstrating the importance of previous transitions. The new measure of off‐time transitions could also be applied to other life course outcomes.
Just Laws, Unjust Laws, and Theo‐Moral Responsibility in Traditional and Contemporary Civil Rights Activism
Authors: Mingo AnneMarie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn his 1963 response to an open letter from eight white religious leaders chastising his involvement in Birmingham, Martin Luther King, Jr. explained that civil rights activists’ blatant breaking of some laws while obeying others was the result of two types of laws: just laws and unjust laws. Civil rights activists believed they had a legal responsibility to obey just laws and a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. Today, new civil rights struggles continue to challenge unjust laws that shred the fabric of democracy that America espouses. Drawing upon both the Civil Rights Movement and the contemporary Movement for Black Lives, this article argues that unjust laws and practices must be broken and challenged before a just society is established. It identifies four ethical strategies for social activism: collective work and responsibility, strategic timing and economic disconnection, political mobilization, and faithful perseverance.
A Critical Response to Heidi C. Giannini
Authors: Barnes L. Philip 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn a recent article in this journal, Heidi Giannini (2017) has argued that the Christian doctrines of love and of hope require Christians to endorse universal, unconditional forgiveness, understood in terms of the renunciation of “negative reactive attitudes.” She also addresses criticisms of this interpretation. It is argued that Giannini has failed to provide a Christian justification for universal, unconditional forgiveness. Part of the problem is that she espouses a definition of forgiveness and an understanding of the nature of forgiveness that, as a result of neglecting the teaching of the New Testament, exhibits a number of incoherencies and theological weaknesses. Her account is also vulnerable to philosophical and moral criticisms of a serious nature.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely preterm infants in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory
Authors: Bolisetty Srinivas , Tiwari Mudita , Sutton Lee , Schindler Timothy , Bajuk Barbara , Lui Kei ,   on behalf of the New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory Neonatal Intensive Care Units' Data Registry
Published: November 2018

AimThis study aimed to provide updated information on gestation‐specific neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely to very preterm infants 23–28 weeks' gestation admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).MethodsThis was a population‐based retrospective cohort study of infants born between 23+0 and 28+6 weeks' gestation and admitted to a network of NICUs between 2007 and 2012 in a well‐defined geographic area of New South Wales (NSW) and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). Primary outcome was moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment.ResultsOf 2287 infants admitted to NICUs, 1914 (83.7%) survived to discharge, and 1514 (79.8% = 1514/1897) were followed up. Moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment was 11% overall, and the incidence decreased with increasing gestational age (GA): 25, 23, 15, 13, 9 and 7% at 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28 weeks, respectively. Male gender, major intraventricular haemorrhage, late‐onset sepsis, chronic lung disease and post‐natal corticosteroid therapy were found to be independently associated with increased risk of moderate to severe impairment. Compared with an incidence of 16% in the 1998–2004 cohort, there was a significant reduction in moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment in the current cohort (unadjusted odds ratio: 0.65, 95% confidence interval: 0.52–0.80).ConclusionsWe report the latest neurodevelopmental outcomes of extremely to very preterm infants in NSW and the ACT. Neurodevelopmental outcome rates based on GA alone may not provide the true estimate as these outcomes can vary based on the presence or absence of other relevant perinatal factors.
Parenterally administered vancomycin in 29 dogs and 7 cats (2003‐2017)
Authors: DeStefano Ian M. , Wayne Annie S. , Rozanski Elizabeth A. , Babyak Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundVancomycin is commonly used to treat resistant bacterial infections in people. Reported adverse effects of vancomycin in people include acute kidney injury (AKI), neutropenia, and systemic allergic reaction. Given the increased incidence of vancomycin‐resistant bacterial infections in people, support is growing for restriction of vancomycin.ObjectivesTo evaluate the use of intravenous (IV) vancomycin in a university teaching hospital and to describe potential adverse effects.AnimalsTwenty‐nine dogs and 7 cats.MethodsMedical records of dogs and cats treated with IV vancomycin at the Foster Hospital for Small Animals between January 2003 and October 2017 were reviewed. Information recorded included signalment, infection source, vancomycin dosing, potential adverse effects, and outcome.ResultsVancomycin was used to treat infections from a range of sources with a variety of dosing intervals. The most common bacterial isolates susceptible to vancomycin includedEnterococcussp. (11/36, 30.6%), methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus(8/36, 22.2%), and methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus pseudintermedius(2/36, 5.6%). AKI occurred in 6 of 36 patients (16.7%) during vancomycin treatment but could not definitively be attributed to vancomycin treatment in any patients because of illness severity, additional nephrotoxic treatments, or both. Neutropenia or allergic reaction was not documented in any animal. In 2 of 36 patients (5.6%), susceptibility data documented an infection that was only susceptible to vancomycin. Most patients survived to discharge (25/36, 69.4%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAdverse effects attributable to vancomycin were infrequent in dogs and cats. In most cases, there were potential alternative effective antimicrobials or lack of susceptibility data to support vancomycin treatment.
Architectural roles of Cren7 in folding crenarchaeal chromatin filament
Authors: Zhang Zhenfeng , Zhao Mohan , Chen Yuanyuan , Wang Li , Liu Qinghua , Dong Yuhui , Gong Yong , Huang Li 
Published: November 2018

SummaryArchaea have evolved various strategies in chromosomal organization. While histone homologues exist in most archaeal phyla, Cren7 is a chromatin protein conserved in the Crenarchaeota. Here, we show that Cren7 preferentially binds DNA with AT‐rich sequences over that with GC‐rich sequences with a binding size of 6~7 bp. Structural studies of Cren7 in complex with either an 18‐bp or a 20‐bp double‐stranded DNA fragment reveal that Cren7 binds to the minor groove of DNA as monomers in a head‐to‐tail manner. The neighboring Cren7 monomers are located on the opposite sides of the DNA duplex, with each introducing a single‐step sharp kink by intercalation of the hydrophobic side chain of Leu28, bending the DNA into an S‐shape conformation. A structural model for the chromatin fiber folded by Cren7 was established and verified by the analysis of cross‐linked Cren7‐DNA complexes by atomic force microscopy. Our results suggest that Cren7 differs significantly from Sul7, another chromatin protein conserved among Sulfolobus species, in both DNA binding and deformation. These data shed significant light on the strategy of chromosomal DNA organization in crenarchaea.
Attitudes Toward Homosexuality and Perceptions of the United States Abroad*
Authors: Kim Myunghee , Mirilovic Nikola , Knuckey Jonathan 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis article examines the determinants of perceptions of the United States and of President Obama among global citizens.MethodsThe 2013 Pew Research Center's Global Attitudes surveys covering countries from Asia, Europe, the Middle East, the Americas, and Africa with diverse socioeconomic and religious backgrounds are analyzed by using multilevel estimates.ResultsFindings reveal that attitudes toward homosexuality systematically shape opinions toward the United States and toward Obama's handling of foreign affairs. We also find the significant impact of religious and economic variables on perceptions of the United States and of Obama above and beyond other explanatory variables.ConclusionThis research demonstrates the relevance of cleavages regarding social values. It also contributes to larger debates about sources of anti‐Americanism, and, more generally, about the role of ideology and social values in international relations.
Computational aspects underlying genome to phenome analysis in plants
Authors: Bolger Anthony M. , Poorter Hendrik , Dumschott Kathryn , Bolger Marie E. , Arend Daniel , Osorio Sonia , Gundlach Heidrun , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Lange Matthias , Scholz Uwe , Usadel Björn 
Published: November 2018

SummaryRecent advances in genomics technologies have greatly accelerated the progress in both fundamental plant science and applied breeding research. Concurrently, high‐throughput plant phenotyping is becoming widely adopted in the plant community, promising to alleviate the phenotypic bottleneck. While these technological breakthroughs are significantly accelerating quantitative trait locus (QTL) and causal gene identification, challenges to enable even more sophisticated analyses remain. In particular, care needs to be taken to standardize, describe and conduct experiments robustly while relying on plant physiology expertise. In this article, we review the state of the art regarding genome assembly and the future potential of pangenomics in plant research. We also describe the necessity of standardizing and describing phenotypic studies using the Minimum Information About a Plant Phenotyping Experiment (MIAPPE) standard to enable the reuse and integration of phenotypic data. In addition, we show how deep phenotypic data might yield novel trait−trait correlations and review how to link phenotypic data to genomic data. Finally, we provide perspectives on the golden future of machine learning and their potential in linking phenotypes to genomic features.
The role of pathogen‐reduced platelet transfusions on HLA alloimmunization in hemato‐oncological patients
Authors: Saris Anno , Kerkhoffs Jean Louis , Norris Philip J. , van Ham S. Marieke , ten Brinke Anja , Brand Anneke , van der Meer Pieter F. , Zwaginga Jaap Jan 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDPlatelet transfusions can induce alloimmunization against HLA antigens. The use of pathogen‐reduced platelet concentrates (PCs) was suggested to reduce HLA alloimmunization and concomitant transfusion refractoriness.METHODSThis study investigated HLA alloimmunization in available samples from 448 hemato‐oncological patients who were randomized for the Pathogen Reduction Evaluation and Predictive Analytical Rating Score (PREPAReS) trial to receive either untreated or pathogen‐reduced PCs (Mirasol, Terumo BCT Inc.). Anti‐HLA Class I and II antibodies were determined before the first platelet transfusion and weekly thereafter using multiplex assay with standard cutoffs to detect low‐ as well as high‐level antibodies.RESULTSWhen using the lower cutoff, in patients who were antibody negative at enrollment, 5.4% (n = 12) developed anti‐HLA Class I antibodies after receiving untreated PCs, while this was significantly higher in patients receiving pathogen‐reduced PCs, 12.8% (n = 29; p = 0.009, intention‐to‐treat [ITT] analysis). A similar but nonsignificant trend was observed in the per‐protocol (PP) analysis (5.4% vs. 10.1%; p = 0.15). HLA class II antibody formation was similar between both types of PCs in the ITT analysis, while the PP analysis showed a trend toward lower immunization after receiving pathogen‐reduced PCs. Multivariate analysis identified receiving pathogen‐reduced platelets as an independent risk factor for HLA Class I alloimmunization (ITT: odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 3.02 [1.42–6.51], PP: odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 2.77 [1.00–5.40]), without affecting HLA Class II alloimmunization. When using the high cutoff value, the difference in HLA Class I alloimmunization between study arms remained significant in the ITT analysis and again was not significant in the PP analysis.CONCLUSIONOur data clearly indicate that Mirasol pathogen inactivation does not prevent HLA Class I or II alloimmunization after platelet transfusions.
Preventing murine transfusion‐related acute lung injury by expansion of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs using IL‐2/anti‐IL‐2 complexes
Authors: He Rui , Li Ling , Kong Yujie , Tian Li , Tian Xue , Fang Peng , Bian Maohong , Liu Zhong 
Published: November 2018

BACKGROUNDTransfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI) is one of the most serious adverse events following transfusion, and there is no specific treatment in clinical practice. However, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been suggested to play a potential role in the treatment of TRALI. This study investigated whether interleukin (IL)‐2 or IL‐2/anti‐IL‐2 complexes (IL‐2c), which are mediators of Treg expansion, can modulate the severity of antibody‐mediated TRALI in vivo.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis study utilized a mouse model of the “two‐hit” mechanism: BALB/c mice were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as the first hit, and then TRALI was induced by injecting major histocompatibility complex Class I antibodies. Mice injected with LPS only or LPS combined with isotype control antibodies served as controls. For the Treg‐depleted groups, mice were infused with anti‐mouse IL‐2Rα first and then subjected to the same treatments as the TRALI group. Regarding IL‐2‐ and IL‐2c‐treated mice, recombinant murine IL‐2 or IL‐2c was intraperitoneally administered to mice for 5 consecutive days before induction of the TRALI model. Samples were collected 2 hours after TRALI induction.RESULTSProphylactic administration of IL‐2 or IL‐2c to mice prevented the onset of edema, pulmonary protein levels, and proinflammatory factors that inhibited polymorphonuclear neutrophil aggregation in the lungs. Furthermore, the percentage of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs was expanded in vivo using IL‐2 and IL‐2c compared to TRALI mice, as was confirmed through analysis of the spleen, blood, and lung.CONCLUSIONThis study validates that the protective mechanisms against TRALI involve CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs, which can be expanded in vivo by IL‐2 and IL‐2c. This results in increased IL‐10 levels and decreased IL‐17A, thereby prophylactically preventing antibody‐mediated murine TRALI.
Investigating the Effect of Light Reaction Exercises on Agility-Quickness and Reaction Time of the U-20 Eootball Players
Authors: Vurmaz Mehmet Onur , Bingul Bergun Meric 
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of light reaction exercises on agility-quickness and reaction time of the U-20 Eootball Players. 20 male football players from the YeniMalatyaspor participated in this study voluntarily. T-test for agility-quickness, foot reaction test with Light-Trainer device for foot reaction speed were done before and after trainings. While the control group continued with the standard training, the exercise group performed the standard training exercises with Light-Trainer device for eight weeks. According to the results, the exercise group improved statistically (p<0.05). İt was observed that the exercises performed with Light-Trainer device had positive effects on agility-quickness and reaction speed over U-20 football players and improved their features. İt was thought that such education would be very useful in the cognitive training of young athletes.