bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the State of the Urban Surface Layer Using Radon‐222
Authors: Chambers S. D. , Podstawczyńska A. , Pawlak W. , Fortuniak K. , Williams A. G. , Griffiths A. D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractFour years of summertime paired urban‐rural meteorological and radon observations in central Poland are used to assess the relationship between atmospheric stability and urban‐induced changes to the radiation balance and surface energy budget. An existing radon‐based technique for nocturnal stability classification is improved and extended to also infer daytime mixing conditions. The radon‐based scheme is shown to provide a simple, effective, objective means of investigating urban energy budget closure over a range of meteorological conditions, which promises to improve estimates of energy storage and loss terms associated with urban canopies. Special attention is paid to quantifying atmospheric characteristics associated with the arbitrarily assigned radon‐derived stability categories in terms of the more conventional measures: bulk Richardson number and the Monin‐Obukhov stability parameter (z/L). The bulk Richardson number approach is demonstrated to be less effective at grouping periods of similar mean stability, and less selective of extremely stable conditions, than the radon‐based technique. A simple box model is used in conjunction with radon observations and an assumed source function of 15 mBq·m−2·s−1, to show that nocturnal effective mixing heights were deeper and less variable over the urban region. On stable nights hourly median effective mixing heights were 15–20 m over the rural region compared to 40–45 m over the urban region.
The Impact of Biomass Heat Storage on the Canopy Energy Balance and Atmospheric Stability in the Community Land Model
Authors: Swenson Sean C. , Burns Sean P. , Lawrence David M. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAtmospheric models used for weather prediction and future climate projections rely on land models to calculate surface boundary conditions. Observations of near‐surface states and fluxes made at flux measurement sites provide valuable data with which to assess the quality of simulated lower boundary conditions. A previous assessment of the Community Land Model version 4.5 using data from the Niwot Ridge Subalpine Forest AmeriFlux tower showed that simulated latent heat fluxes could be improved by adjusting a parameter describing the maximum leaf wetted area, but biases in midday sensible heat flux and nighttime momentum flux were generally not reduced by model parameter perturbations. These biases are related to the model's lack of heat storage in vegetation biomass. A biomass heat capacity is parameterized in Community Land Model version 5 with measurable quantities such as canopy height, diameter at breast height, and tree number density. After implementing a parameterization describing the heat transfer between the forest biomass and the canopy air space, the biases in the mean midday sensible heat and mean nighttime momentum fluxes at Niwot Ridge are reduced from 47 to 13 W/m2 and from 0.12 to −0.03 m/s, respectively. The bias in the mean nighttime canopy air temperature was reduced from −5.9 to 0.4 °C. Additional simulations at other flux tower sites demonstrate a consistent reduction in midday sensible heat flux, a lower ratio of the sum of sensible and latent heat flux to net radiation, and an increase in nighttime canopy temperatures.
A case–control genome-wide association study of ADHD discovers a novel association with the tenascin R (TNR) gene
Authors: Hawi Ziarih , Yates Hannah , Pinar Ari , Arnatkeviciute Aurina , Johnson Beth , Tong Janette , Pugsley Kealan , Dark Callum , Pauper Marc , Klein Marieke , Heussler Helen S. , Hiscock Harriet , Fornito Alex , Tiego Jeggan , Finlay Amy , Vance Alasdair , Gill Michael , Kent Lindsey , Bellgrove Mark A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is well-established that there is a strong genetic contribution to the aetiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Here, we employed a hypothesis-free genome-wide association study (GWAS) design in a sample of 480 clinical childhood ADHD cases and 1208 controls to search for novel genetic risk loci for ADHD. DNA was genotyped using Illumina’s Human Infinium PsychArray-24v1.2., and the data were subsequently imputed to the 1000 Genomes reference panel. Rigorous quality control and pruning of genotypes at both individual subject and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) levels was performed. Polygenic risk score (PGRS) analysis revealed that ADHD case–control status was explained by genetic risk for ADHD, but no other major psychiatric disorders. Logistic regression analysis was performed genome-wide to test the association between SNPs and ADHD case–control status. We observed a genome-wide significant association (p = 3.15E−08) between ADHD and rs6686722, mapped to the Tenascin R (TNR) gene. Members of this gene family are extracellular matrix glycoproteins that play a role in neural cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. Suggestive evidence of associations with ADHD was observed for an additional 111 SNPs (⩽9.91E−05). Although intriguing, the association between DNA variation in the TNR gene and ADHD should be viewed as preliminary given the small sample size of this discovery dataset.
A miR-150/TET3 pathway regulates the generation of mouse and human non-classical monocyte subset
Authors: Selimoglu-Buet Dorothée , Rivière Julie , Ghamlouch Hussein , Bencheikh Laura , Lacout Catherine , Morabito Margot , Diop M’boyba , Meurice Guillaume , Breckler Marie , Chauveau Aurélie , Debord Camille , Debeurme Franck , Itzykson Raphael , Chapuis Nicolas , Willekens Christophe , Wagner-Ballon Orianne , Bernard Olivier A. , Droin Nathalie , Solary Eric 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNon-classical monocyte subsets may derive from classical monocyte differentiation and the proportion of each subset is tightly controlled. Deregulation of this repartition is observed in diverse human diseases, including chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in which non-classical monocyte numbers are significantly decreased relative to healthy controls. Here, we identify a down-regulation of hsa-miR-150 through methylation of a lineage-specific promoter in CMML monocytes. Mir150 knock-out mice demonstrate a cell-autonomous defect in non-classical monocytes. Our pulldown experiments point to Ten-Eleven-Translocation-3 (TET3) mRNA as a hsa-miR-150 target in classical human monocytes. We show that Tet3 knockout mice generate an increased number of non-classical monocytes. Our results identify the miR-150/TET3 axis as being involved in the generation of non-classical monocytes.
A protein-protein interaction map of the TNF-induced NF-κB signal transduction pathway
Authors: Van Quickelberghe Emmy , De Sutter Delphine , van Loo Geert , Eyckerman Sven , Gevaert Kris 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) has a crucial role in inflammation, cell proliferation and cell death. Dysregulation of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1)-induced Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling leads to chronic inflammation and is associated with several human inflammatory pathologies. Hence, TNF neutralization suppresses inflammation and attenuates inflammatory pathology. However, despite its beneficial effects, anti-TNF therapy suffers from efficacy issues and severe immune side effects. There is thus an urging need to identify novel targets for pharmaceutical intervention in the NF-κB signaling pathway. Here, we present a protein-protein interaction dataset of the TNFR1-induced signaling pathway. For this, we used Virotrap, a novel method for studying protein complexes without disrupting the cellular integrity, on 12 central proteins controlling NF-κB and cell death signaling, both under resting conditions as well as upon TNF stimulation. Our dataset reveals dynamic interactions in TNFR1-induced NF-κB signaling and identifies both known as well as novel interactors that may help to further unravel the molecular mechanisms steering TNF-induced inflammatory signaling and pathology.
New structural insights into anomeric carbohydrate recognition by frutalin: an α-d-galactose-binding lectin from breadfruit seeds
Authors: Vieira Neto Antonio Eufrásio , de Sousa Felipe Domingos , Pereira Humberto D'Muniz , Moreno Frederico Bruno Mendes Batista , Lourenzoni Marcos Roberto , Grangeiro Thalles Barbosa , Monteiro Moreira Ana Cristina de Oliveira , Moreira Renato de Azevedo 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Frutalin (FTL) is a multiple-binding lectin belonging to the jacalin-related lectin (JRL) family and derived from Artocarpus incisa (breadfruit) seeds. This lectin specifically recognizes and binds α-d-galactose. FTL has been successfully used in immunobiological research for the recognition of cancer-associated oligosaccharides. However, the molecular bases by which FTL promotes these specific activities remain poorly understood. Here, we report the whole 3D structure of FTL for the first time, as determined by X-ray crystallography. The obtained crystals diffracted to 1.81 Å (Apo-frutalin) and 1.65 Å (frutalin–d-Gal complex) of resolution. The lectin exhibits post-translational cleavage yielding an α- (133 amino acids) and β-chain (20 amino acids), presenting a homotetramer when in solution, with a typical JRL β-prism. The β-prism was composed of three 4-stranded β-sheets forming three antiparallel Greek key motifs. The carbohydrate-binding site (CBS) involved the N-terminus of the α-chain and was formed by four key residues: Gly25, Tyr146, Trp147 and Asp149. Together, these results were used in molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous solutions to shed light on the molecular basis of FTL-ligand binding. The simulations suggest that Thr-Ser-Ser-Asn (TSSN) peptide excision reduces the rigidity of the FTL CBS, increasing the number of interactions with ligands and resulting in multiple-binding sites and anomeric recognition of α-d-galactose sugar moieties. Our findings provide a new perspective to further elucidate the versatility of FTL in many biological activities.
Viszerale Osteopathie bei Rückenschmerzen
Authors: Löber Matthias 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBei Rückenschmerzen lohnt es sich, auch mal einen Blick auf den Bauchraum zu werfen. Denn dort liegt möglicherweise der Grund für das Problem. Eva Sommer zum Beispiel scheint ihre Beschwerden aufgrund einer Darmproblematik zu haben. Wer denkt, das sei weit hergeholt, irrt sich: Die Zusammenhänge und die Therapie sind handfest. Eine Praxisanleitung.
Klassische OP- und Repositionstechniken, die man kennen
sollte
Authors: Freude Thomas 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungTrotz hochentwickelter Implantate bleibt ein wesentlicher Faktor auf dem Weg zu
einer erfolgreichen Frakturversorgung eine annähernd perfekte Reposition. Das
Wissen über die exakte Verwendung von möglichen Repositionstools kann die
Operationsverfahren und die Qualität steigern. Die Kombination aus heutzutage
seltener durchgeführter OP-Techniken wird in den letzten Jahren hinzugekommener
intraoperativer Hilfsmitteln, ermöglicht die Versorgung von komplexen Frakturen.
Dies trifft in hohem Maße auf Patienten mit reduzierter Knochenqualität zu.
Heilpflanzen in der globalisierten Welt
Authors: Stange Rainer 
Published: December 2018

SummaryDie Nutzung von Heilpflanzen aus anderen Kulturen erfolgte zunächst pragmatisch, da wichtige Indikationen in den heimischen traditionellen Medizinen nur unzureichend abgedeckt waren. Oft gelangten diese Therapeutika im Zuge der Kolonialzeit in westliche Industrieländer. Fragen, die über die pragmatische Verwendung hinausgingen, stellten sich erst viel später und hängen mit dem gestiegenen Bewusstsein für ökologische und politisch-soziale Aspekte sowie einem sensibleren Verständnis für kollektives materielles und geistiges Eigentum in den Herkunftsregionen zusammen. Der Fall der Kapland-Pelargonie illustriert, dass auch nach hunderten Jahren therapeutischer Nutzung juristische Differenzen auftreten können – aus westlicher Sicht greift das internationale Patentrecht, aus Sicht der Vertreter der indigenen Bevölkerung das Recht an der biologischen Spezies und dem Wissen um die traditionelle Anwendung der Heilpflanze.Für Verschreiber wie Verbraucher traditioneller Heilmittel aus der „Weltapotheke“ erscheint die Bevorzugung von Präparaten mit anerkannten Zertifizierungen bzw. ethischen Codizes sinnvoll.
Chronisches Nierenversagen – Update 2018
Authors: Ketteler Markus , Wanner Christoph 
Published: December 2018

ZusammenfassungDie CANVAS-Programm-Studie hat mit Canagliflozin die Nephroprotektion, welche mit
Empagliflozin publiziert wurde (EMPA-REG-Outcome-Studie), bestätigt. Die
Therapie mit Liraglutide in der LEADER-Studie suggeriert Nephroprotektion über
eine Reduktion der Albuminurie und geringerem eGFR-Abfall (eGFR: geschätzte
glomeruläre Filtrationsrate) in Subgruppen/Stadien der diabetischen
Nierenerkrankung. Im Juli 2017 erfolgte ein Update der KDIGO (Kidney Disease:
Improving Global Outcomes) -2009-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der
Störungen des Mineral- und Knochenhaushalts bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen.
Änderungen betrafen die Knochendichtemessung, die Therapie von Hyperphosphatämie
und Hyperparathyreoidismus im Prädialysestadium und eine Warnung vor exzessiver
Kalziumexposition. Ein neues parenterales Kalzimimetikum Zwei Phase-III-Studien
zum Einsatz eines neuen parenteralen Kalzimimetikums (Etelcalcitid) wurden
publiziert.
A Bufadienolide-Enriched Fraction of Bryophyllum pinnatum
Inhibits Human Myometrial Contractility In Vitro
Authors: Santos Stefanie , Haslinger Christian , Klaic Kristian , Faleschini Maria T. , Mennet Mónica , Potterat Olivier , von Mandach Ursula , Hamburger Matthias , Simões-Wüst Ana Paula 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Bryophyllum pinnatum has been used since the 1970s to prevent premature
labour, first in anthroposophic hospitals and, more recently, also in the main
Swiss perinatal centres. However, it is not known which compounds in B.
pinnatum leaves contribute to the tocolytic effect. Here we studied the
effects of a flavonoid-enriched fraction, the corresponding flavonoid aglycon
mixture, a bufadienolide-enriched fraction, and B. pinnatum leaf press
juice on human myometrial contractility in vitro. The strength (area
under the curve and amplitude) and frequency of contractions were recorded using
strips of human myometrium mounted in an organ bath system. Cell viability
assays were performed with the human myometrium hTERT-C3 and PHM1 – 41 cell
lines. Repeated addition of the flavonoid-enriched fraction, flavonoid aglycon
mixture, bufadienolide-enriched fraction, or B. pinnatum leaf press juice
led to a progressive decrease of contraction strength, without jeopardising the
vitality of myometrium strips. The bufadienolide-enriched fraction was the most
active, since 1 µg/mL of the bufadienolide-enriched fraction lowered the area
under the curve to 40.1 ± 11.8% of the initial value, whereas 150 µg/mL of the
flavonoid-enriched fraction, 6.2 µg/mL of the flavonoid aglycon mixture, and
10 mg/mL of the B. pinnatum leaf press juice were required to achieve
comparable inhibition. A progressive increase of contraction frequency was
observed, except in the case of the flavonoid aglycon mixture, which did not
affect frequency. None of the test substances decreased myometrial cell
viability, even at concentrations of 500 µg/mL of the flavonoid-enriched
fraction, 40 µg/mL of the flavonoid aglycon mixture, 3.8 µg/mL of the
bufadienolide-enriched fraction, and 75 mg/mL of the B. pinnatum leaf
press juice, i.e., higher than those used in the myometrium experiments. Given
the concentrations of flavonoids in the flavonoid-enriched fraction and B.
pinnatum leaf press juice, and of bufadienolides in the
bufadienolide-enriched fraction and B. pinnatum leaf press juice, it
appears that bufadienolides may be mainly responsible for the relaxant
effect.
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation: Identifying the Biomechanical Impact of Using Shorter Grafts and Pulsatile Lavage on Graft Stability
Authors: Babu Jacob M. , Hodax Jonathan D. , Fadale Paul D. , Owens Brett D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study seeks to identify the ability of shorter osteochondral allografts (OCAs) to resist displacement/failure. Additionally, this study seeks to evaluate the effect of pulsatile lavage (PL) on the biomechanical stability of the OCA. Fifteen-millimeter diameter, human cadaveric, OCAs of 4, 7, and 10 mm in depth were harvested for comparison of resistance to compressive and tensile loads. For each group, seven specimens were subjected to tensile loads and three specimens subjected to compressive loads until failure (pullout or subsidence). An additional study group of 10 pulsatile-lavaged OCAs of 15 mm in diameter and 7 mm in depth were introduced for comparison to the original 7 mm depth OCA group. The average tensile forces for failure for the 4, 7, and 10 mm plugs were 23.74, 199.57, and 197.69 N, respectively (p = 1.5 × 10−5). After post hoc analysis of the tensile groups, significant differences in the mean tensile force to failure were appreciated between the 4 and 7 mm groups (p = 4.12 × 10−5) and the 4 and 10 mm groups (p = 1.78 × 10−5) but not between the 7 and 10 mm groups (p = 0.9601). There were no significant differences between the average tensile forces resulting in failure for the 7 mm and 7 mm PL groups (199.57 and 205.2 N, p = 0.90) or compressive forces to failure, respectively (733.6 and 656 N, p = 0.7062). For OCAs of 15 mm in diameter, a commonly used size in practice, plugs of 7 mm in depth showed comparable resistance to pull out and subsidence as 10 mm plugs and significantly better resistance to pull out than 4 mm grafts. PL of allografts prior to insertion did not take away from the structural integrity and stability of the plug.
Is There a Difference between Cemented and Uncemented Femoral Stem Extensions in Revision Knee Arthroplasty?
Authors: Lachiewicz Paul F. , O'Dell Jane Ann 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA stem is usually recommended for the femoral component in revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for reasons of alignment, fixation, and bone loss. However, the optimal method of fixation for the femoral component stem remains controversial. We queried the prospective revision TKA database of one surgeon and performed a clinical and radiographic evaluation of 84 knee revisions in which a femoral component stem extension was implanted. There was no established protocol for fixation of the femoral stem during this time. There were 34 knees with cemented (C) fixation and 50 with uncemented (UC) fixation. There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), or Anderson's Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) defect between the two groups. Patients were evaluated using the classic Knee Society clinical and radiographic scores and followed for a mean of 6 years (range: 2–17 years). There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of reoperation for loosening between cemented and uncemented stems (cemented 3.3% vs. uncemented 10%; p = 0.4). Post hoc power analysis showed that 203 knees in each group would be needed for statistical significance. With the numbers available, there was no difference in aseptic component loosening and radiographic loosening combined (one revision and two radiographic loosening, 9%, in the C group vs. five revisions and three radiographic loosening, 16%, in the UC group; p = 0.51). There was no difference between the groups in the overall rate of any reoperation. There were no differences in postoperative Knee Society pain score, change in pain score, Knee Society function score, or change in function score. Due to the numbers required, a large multicenter study will be needed to determine the optimal method of fixation of the femoral stem in revision TKA.
Evaluating the palatability of fermented foods
Authors: Fushiki Tohru , Nakano Kumiko 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe present review deal with the novel studies which present possibility of generating a novel sensory evaluation instrument for describing comprehensive food palatability. These studies suggest the palatability can be dissected into its componential subdomains and the subdomains in turn reconstitute comprehensive palatability with evaluation of the quantitative contribution of each subdomain. The studies suggest the novel instrument is useful for comprehensive evaluation of palatability of multifarious fermented foods.
Inter-residue interactions in alpha-helical transmembrane proteins
Authors: Mayol Eduardo , Campillo Mercedes , Cordomí Arnau , Olivella Mireia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Motivation
The number of available membrane protein structures has markedly increased in the last years and, in parallel, the reliability of the methods to detect transmembrane (TM) segments. In the present report, we characterized inter-residue interactions in α-helical membrane proteins using a dataset of 3462 TM helices from 430 proteins. This is by far the largest analysis published to date.

Results
Our analysis of residue–residue interactions in TM segments of membrane proteins shows that almost all interactions involve aliphatic residues and Phe. There is lack of polar–polar, polar–charged and charged–charged interactions except for those between Thr or Ser sidechains and the backbone carbonyl of aliphatic and Phe residues. The results are discussed in the context of the preferences of amino acids to be in the protein core or exposed to the lipid bilayer and to occupy specific positions along the TM segment. Comparison to datasets of β-barrel membrane proteins and of α-helical globular proteins unveils the specific patterns of interactions and residue composition characteristic of α-helical membrane proteins that are the clue to understanding their structure.

Availability and implementation
Results data and datasets used are available at http://lmc.uab.cat/TMalphaDB/interactions.php.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Tonight’s Sleep Predicts Tomorrow’s Fatigue: A Daily Diary Study of Long-Term Care Employees With Nonwork Caregiving Roles
Authors: DePasquale Nicole , Crain Tori , Buxton Orfeu M , Zarit Steven H , Almeida David M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Long-term care employees and employees with nonwork caregiving roles are at high risk for sleep problems and fatigue. Little is known, however, about relationships between sleep and fatigue among long-term care employees who occupy nonwork caregiving roles. This study examined whether longer sleep duration and better sleep quality reduce fatigue occurrence and severity within and between long-term care employees with nonwork caregiving roles, and investigated nonwork caregiving role occupancy as a moderator of these relationships.

Research Design and Methods
The sample comprised 166 women working in U.S.-based nursing homes. All women had children aged 9–17 years and some also had nonwork caregiving responsibilities for adult relatives. Sleep (duration and quality) and fatigue (occurrence and severity) were assessed via telephone interviews for eight consecutive evenings. Multilevel modeling was used to examine within-person and between-person associations.

Results
At the within-person level, nights characterized by longer-than-usual sleep duration or better-than-usual sleep quality were followed by days with lower odds of reporting fatigue; these same sleep characteristics predicted less severe next-day fatigue. At the between-person level, employees with better average sleep quality, but not longer sleep duration, had lower odds of experiencing fatigue. Relationships between sleep and fatigue were generally similar regardless of nonwork caregiving responsibilities for children or for both children and adults.

Discussion and Implications
Findings suggest that tonight’s sleep predicts tomorrow’s fatigue. Given the serious and wide-ranging consequences of fatigue, sleep constitutes a worthwhile intervention target with potential benefits for employees, care recipients, and organizations.