bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Evidence that Melatonin Is not a Biomarker in Children and Adolescents With Episodic Migraine
Authors: Berger Anthony , Litwin Jessica , Allen Isabel Elaine , Qubty William , Irwin Samantha , Waung Maggie , Gelfand Amy A. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundTo date, there have not been reliable biomarkers to identify impending migraine episodes. A prior study in adults with migraine demonstrated a reduction in the urinary metabolic substrate of melatonin (urinary 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin; aMT6s) during a migraine. The aim of this study was to examine whether evening urinary melatonin metabolite levels could predict migraine the next day in children and adolescents with migraine.MethodsTwenty‐one children and adolescents with migraine (aged 5‐17 years) were recruited to this observational study conducted at UC San Francisco to provide urine samples for 10 days and maintain a prospective headache diary during the same period. Nightly melatonin metabolite 6‐sulfatoxymelatonin in urine was assayed and results from nights preceding migraine were compared to nights preceding a non‐headache day.ResultsMean (±SD) aMT6s levels the night prior to a migraine attack were 56.2 ± 39.0 vs 55.4 ± 46.6 ng/mL (P = .915), and mean melatonin metabolite levels the night following migraine were 55.5 ± 46.9 vs 57.0 ± 37.7 ng/mL (P = .841). However, in post hoc exploratory analyses, aMT6s levels were lower the night before a migraine in those who experienced aura or premonitory symptoms.ConclusionWhile urinary melatonin metabolites do not predict migraine attacks in children and adolescents overall, they may be predictive in those who experience premonitory phase symptoms as part of their migraine attacks.
Neoplastic cell percentage estimation in tissue samples for molecular oncology: recommendations from a modified Delphi study
Authors: Dufraing Kelly , van Krieken J Henricus , De Hertogh Gert , Hoefler Gerald , Oniscu Anca , Kuhlmann Tine P , Weichert Wilko , Marchiò Caterina , Ristimäki Ari , Ryška Aleš , Scoazec Jean‐Yves , Dequeker Elisabeth 
Published: May 2019

AimsResults from external quality assessment revealed considerable variation in neoplastic cell percentages (NCP) estimation in samples for biomarker testing. As molecular biology tests require a minimal NCP, overestimations may lead to false negative test results. We aimed to develop recommendations to improve the NCP determination in a prototypical entity – colorectal carcinoma – that can be adapted for other cancer types.Methods and resultsA modified Delphi study was conducted to reach consensus by 10 pathologists from 10 countries with experience in determining the NCP for colorectal adenocarcinoma. This study included two online surveys and a decision‐making meeting. Consensus was defined a priori as an agreement of > 80%. All pathologists completed both surveys. Consensus was reached for 8 out of 19 and 2 out of 13 questions in the first and second surveys, respectively. Remaining issues were resolved during the meeting. Twenty‐four recommendations were formulated. Major recommendations resulted as follows: only pathologists should conduct the morphological evaluation; nevertheless molecular biologists/technicians may estimate the NCP, if specific training has been performed and a pathologist is available for feedback. The estimation should be determined in the area with the highest density of viable neoplastic cells and lowest density of inflammatory cells. Other recommendations concerned: the determination protocol itself, needs for micro‐ and macro‐dissection, reporting and interpreting, referral practices and applicability to other cancer types.ConclusionWe believe these recommendations may lead to more accurate NCP estimates, ensuring the correct interpretation of test results, and might help in validating digital algorithms in the future.
A self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion level measurement device for educating young women about salt reduction: A parallel randomized trial involving two groups
Authors: Yasutake Kenichiro , Umeki Yoko , Horita Noriko , Morita Rieko , Murata Yusuke , Ohe Kenji , Tsuchihashi Takuya , Enjoji Munechika 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTo prevent and treat hypertension, it is important to restrict salt in one's diet since adolescence. However, an effective salt‐reduction education system has yet to be established. Besides accurate evaluation, we believe that the frequent usage of a measurement device may motivate individuals to avoid high salt intake. The present study evaluated the use of a urinary salt excretion measurement device for salt‐reduction education in a parallel randomized trial of two groups. The sample comprised 100 university students who provided consent to participate. A survey with 24‐hour home urine collection and blood pressure measurement was conducted. Participants in the self‐monitoring group measured their own urinary salt excretion level for 4 weeks, using the self‐measurement device. Analyses were conducted on 51 participants in the control group and 49 in the self‐monitoring group. At baseline, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of their characteristics and 24‐hour urinary salt excretion levels. After intervention, 24‐hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio showed no change in the control group [baseline score: 4.1 ± 1.5; endline score: 4.2 ± 2.0; P = 0.723], but it decreased significantly in the self‐monitoring group [baseline score: 4.0 ± 1.7; endline score: 3.5 ± 1.4; P = 0.044]. This change was significant even after adjusting for baseline and endline differences between groups using analysis of covariance (P = 0.045). The self‐monitoring urinary salt excretion measurement device improved the 24‐hour urinary sodium/potassium ratio. The device is a useful and practical tool for educating young individuals about dietary salt reduction.
Magnetoreception in fish
Authors: Formicki Krzysztof , Korzelecka‐Orkisz Agata , Tański Adam 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMagnetoreception is the ability of organisms to perceive magnetic fields in the surrounding environment and changes in its properties such as field direction, intensity and gradient, where the effect on organisms can manifest as an array of reactions. As the magnetic sense is found in many taxa, both evolutionarily young and old, it can be assumed that magnetoreception came into existence as one of the first sensory systems. Many studies on the effect of magnetic fields on fishes have considered both fishes that migrate for long distances and those that are more or less sedentary. Research has focused on tracing the perception of the geomagnetic field by fishes and understanding magnetic fields that are smaller and larger than the ambient Earth's geomagnetic field. The question of the effect of magnetic fields of values higher than the Earth's is gaining importance with the increasing effect of anthropogenic magnetic and electromagnetic fields in aquatic ecosystems. This review draws together the results of studies on the effect and reception of natural and human‐generated magnetic fields on fishes at various stages of ontogeny, chronologically arranged from gametes, through embryonic development, embryonic and larval motor function, directional reactions of embryos and larvae, orientation of fishes, to the mechanisms of magnetic field reception. The present state of knowledge indicates a common nature of effect on various ontogenetic stages of fishes. However, understanding of the mechanisms of magnetic sense in fishes and its relevance for ecological outcomes highlights that further progress requires more detailed research.
A general data model for socioeconomic metabolism and its implementation in an industrial ecology data commons prototype
Authors: Pauliuk Stefan , Heeren Niko , Hasan Mohammad Mahadi , Müller Daniel B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUntil this day, data in industrial ecology (IE) have been commonly seen as existing within the domain of particular methods or models, such as input–output, life cycle assessment, urban metabolism, or material flow analysis data. This artificial division of data into methods contradicts the common phenomena described by those data: the objects and processes in the industrial system, or socioeconomic metabolism (SEM). A consequence of this scattered organization of related data across methods is that IE researchers and consultants spend too much time searching for and reformatting data from diverse and incoherent sources, time that could be invested into quality control and analysis of model results instead. This article outlines a solution to two major barriers to data exchange within IE: (a) the lack of a generic structure for IE data and (b) the lack of a bespoke platform to exchange IE datasets. We present a general data model for SEM that can be used to structure all data that can be located in the industrial system, including process descriptions, product descriptions, stocks, flows, and coefficients of all kind. We describe a relational database built on the general data model and a user interface to it, both of which are open source and can be implemented by individual researchers, groups, institutions, or the entire community. In the latter case, one could speak of an IE data commons (IEDC), and we unveil an IEDC prototype containing a diverse set of datasets from the literature.
Adolescent Relationship Quality: Is There an Intergenerational Link?
Authors: Goldberg Rachel E. , Tienda Marta , Eilers Michelle , McLanahan Sara S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines intergenerational continuities in relationship instability, general relationship quality, and intimate partner violence (IPV) between mothers and adolescents.BackgroundA growing body of literature has observed similarities in relationship quality between parents and their adult offspring. Less attention has focused on whether intergenerational continuities are present in adolescent relationships.MethodUsing age 3, 5, 9, and 15 data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing birth cohort study (N = 3,162), the authors examined the associations between maternal reports of relationship instability, general quality, and IPV in early and middle childhood and similar adolescent reports at age 15. Variations based on the timing and persistence of exposures were considered.ResultsIn general, exposures to low‐quality maternal relationships were associated with a higher risk of forming adolescent partnerships and lower relationship quality. Intergenerational links in quality were predominantly construct specific, consistent with observational learning processes. Adolescents exposed to maternal relationships of poor general quality in middle childhood were less likely to report high‐quality relationships themselves, and those exposed to any maternal physical IPV victimization during childhood were more likely to perpetrate IPV in their own relationships. Exposure to maternal relationship instability in both early and middle childhood was associated with more adolescent romantic partners.ConclusionThe study illuminates additional pathways through which healthy and unhealthy relationships are reproduced across generations.
In Vitro Evaluation of Bond Strength between Zirconia Core and CAD/CAM‐Produced Veneers
Authors: Çakırbay Tanış Merve , Kılıçarslan Mehmet Ali , Bellaz İbrahim Berk 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the shear bond strength between various CAD/CAM veneer materials and the zirconia ceramic core.Materials and MethodsNinety square prism zirconia specimens (10 specimens per each group, n = 10) in dimensions of 10 × 5 × 5 mm were prepared. Eighty square prism veneering specimens (40 feldspathic ceramic [Cerec Bloc] and 40 lithium disilicate [IPS e.max CAD]) in dimensions of 3 × 3 × 1 mm were connected to zirconia specimens. Conventional layering was applied to the remaining zirconia specimens as control group (n = 10). CAD/CAM‐produced veneers were connected to the zirconia specimens using fusion porcelain or resin cement. One of following treatments were applied to the cemented specimens: no surface treatment, HF etching of the veneering material, or HF acid etching of the veneer in combination with the application of a glaze layer to the zirconia surface. Following the veneering procedures, a shear bond strength test was performed at a speed of 1 mm/min using a universal testing machine. Univariate ANOVA (α = 0.05) was performed for statistical analyses of the obtained data.ResultsStatistically significant differences were not found among the materials (F = 0.176, p = 0.656), while statistically significant differences were found amongst the veneering procedures (F = 57.921, p < 0.001). Statistical differences were observed between the groups (F = 13.766, p < 0.001). The highest shear bond strength values were observed in IPS e.max CAD specimens connected to zirconia with low fusion porcelain (27.11 ± 7.7 MPa), and the lowest values were observed in IPS e.max CAD specimens connected to zirconia with resin cement without surface treatment (9.82 ± 2.8 MPa). The application of fusion porcelain with IPS e.max CAD (p = 0.967) and Cerec Blocs (p = 1.00) showed statistically similar results to those with conventional layering.ConclusionsThe application of fusion porcelain to bond zirconia and digitally produced veneering material can serve as an alternative veneering method to the conventional layering method by accelerating and facilitating clinical and laboratory stages.
Evaluation of the SCARF Well‐Being and Suicide Prevention Program for Rural Australian Communities
Authors: Perceval Meg , Reddy Prasuna , Ross Victoria , Joiner Thomas , Kolves Kairi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeRural communities in Australia have an elevated risk of suicide. The aim of the current study was to evaluate a well‐being and suicide prevention education workshop, SCARF (Suspect, Connect, Ask, Refer, Follow‐Up) developed for Australian farming and rural communities.MethodsThe SCARF program was delivered to 14 groups, a convenience sample including frontline agricultural workers and farmers from New South Wales. The Literacy of Suicide Scale, Stigma of Suicide Scale, and items assessing confidence to assist others were administered immediately before and after the workshop, and at 3‐month follow‐up. The Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale was given immediately before and at 3‐month follow‐up. In total, 255 agreed to participate in the study, with 127 completing 3‐month follow‐up. Data were analyzed using linear mixed‐effects regression.FindingsThere was a significant increase in suicide literacy and confidence to assist others immediately after the workshop, which remained significant at 3‐month follow‐up. Mental well‐being significantly improved at 3‐month follow‐up.ConclusionThe SCARF program is unique for its brevity, cultural specificity, focus on health, and incorporation of the biopsycho‐ecological model and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide. It represents a useful program for Australian farming and rural communities to improve mental well‐being, suicide literacy, and confidence to recognize and respond to suicidality.
Polysynthesis: A review
Authors: Zúñiga Fernando 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe notion of polysynthesis was introduced two centuries ago and is still widely used in linguistic typology, as well as in linguistic theory and even language description. Nevertheless, several of its features make it unappealing as a technical term. First, there is no consensus as to which of the competing, partially overlapping, definitions is to be preferred. Second, the different structural phenomena covered by the label show variation both across and within languages; the term is in need of qualification to be precise. Third, neither the synchronic distribution nor the diachronic origins of the phenomena involved is well understood. Fourth, even though the term is essentially framed in typological terms, no robust cross‐linguistic generalizations based on it have been hitherto found. The present paper surveys these features and argues that the notion can be used nonimpressionistically only if defined more cogently and more restrictively.
The wicked problem of healthcare student attrition
Authors: Hamshire Claire , Jack Kirsten , Forsyth Rachel , Langan A. Mark , Harris W. Edwin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe early withdrawal of students from healthcare education programmes, particularly nursing, is an international concern and, despite considerable investment, retention rates have remained stagnant. Here, a regional study of healthcare student retention is used as an example to frame the challenge of student attrition using a concept from policy development, wicked problem theory. This approach allows the consideration of student attrition as a complex problem derived from the interactions of many interrelated factors, avoiding the pitfalls of small‐scale interventions and over‐simplistic assumptions of cause and effect. A conceptual framework is proposed to provide an approach to developing actions to reduce recurrent investment in interventions that have previously proved ineffective at large scale. We discuss how improvements could be achieved through integrated stakeholder involvement and acceptance of the wicked nature of attrition as a complex and ongoing problem.
Electron tomography of plant organelles and the outlook for correlative microscopic approaches
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Liang Zizhen , Kang Byung‐Ho 
Published: May 2019

SummaryStructural analyses of organelles and localization of proteins in their confines are essential to investigate inner workings of eukaryotic cells. Electron tomography (ET) is a three‐dimensional electron microscopy method with which we can extract sliced views of organelles from any direction and quantify their structural parameters at nanometer‐level resolution. This advanced electron microscopy tool is suited for characterization of convoluted membrane compartments and of cellular constituents of dimensions smaller than 100 nm. ET studies of plant cells fixed by rapid freezing have expanded our understanding of the biogenesis and functions of plant organelles. Here we describe how the molecular imaging capacity of correlative light and electron microscopy can be integrated with ET in studies of plant organelles.
The LYSIN MOTIF‐CONTAINING RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE 1 protein of banana is required for perception of pathogenic and symbiotic signals
Authors: Zhang Lu , Yuan Liangbin , Staehelin Christian , Li Yin , Ruan Jiuxiao , Liang Zhenwei , Xie Zhiping , Wang Wei , Xie Jianghui , Huang Shangzhi 
Published: May 2019

Summary

How plants can distinguish pathogenic and symbiotic fungi remains largely unknown. Here, we characterized the role of MaLYK1, a lysin motif receptor kinase of banana.

Live cell imaging techniques were used in localization studies. RNA interference (RNAi)‐silenced transgenic banana plants were generated to analyze the biological role of MaLYK1. The MaLYK1 ectodomain, chitin beads, chitooligosaccharides (COs) and mycorrhizal lipochitooligosaccharides (Myc‐LCOs) were used in pulldown assays. Ligand‐induced MaLYK1 complex formation was tested in immunoprecipitation experiments. Chimeric receptors were expressed in Lotus japonicus to characterize the function of the MaLYK1 kinase domain.

MaLYK1 was localized to the plasma membrane. MaLYK1 expression was induced by Foc4 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 4) and diverse microbe‐associated molecular patterns. MaLYK1‐silenced banana lines showed reduced chitin‐triggered defense responses, increased Foc4‐induced disease symptoms and reduced mycorrhization. The MaLYK1 ectodomain was pulled down by chitin beads and LCOs or COs impaired this process. Ligand treatments induced MaLYK1 complex formation in planta. The kinase domain of MaLYK1 could functionally replace that of the chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (AtCERK1) in Arabidopsis thaliana and of a rhizobial LCO (Nod factor) receptor (LjNFR1) in L. japonicus.

MaLYK1 represents a central molecular switch that controls defense‐ and symbiosis‐related signaling.
Effect of environmental factors and changes in the body condition score on the onset of the breeding season in mares
Authors: Dini Pouya , Ducheyne Kaatje , Lemahieu Isabel , Wambacq Wendy , Vandaele Hilde , Daels Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral methods have been proposed to advance the onset of the breeding season in horses. Most of them are based on the exposure to an artificial lighting period combined with hormonal treatments. Mares exposed to an artificial photoperiod are most often housed indoors where the ambient temperature is often higher than the outside temperature. Mares held in barns are also exposed to different daylight intensities than horses kept outside, depending on the architecture. In the current study, we evaluated the impact of ambient temperature, daylight intensity and changes in body condition score (BCS) on the timing of first ovulation after winter anestrus in mares exposed to an artificial photoperiod. Mares (n = 211) were housed in barns with different ambient temperature and daylight exposure but with the same artificial photoperiod exposure (except for a natural photoperiod control group). Artificial photoperiod as well as an increase in BCS over the winter significantly advanced the first spring ovulation. The BCS at the start and end of the anestrus period did not have an effect on the interval to first ovulation and neither did the modest increase in ambient temperature in the barn. However, a higher light intensity during the daytime significantly advanced the first spring ovulation. The results of this study suggest that exposure to more sunlight advances the onset of the breeding season. This effect is likely mediated through the biological effect of short wavelength blue light and its impact on melatonin suppression and biological rhythms. We suggest that greater/direct exposure to the blue light component of daylight improves the response to the artificial photoperiod. The results of the present study can further assist to optimize the conditions that lead to an efficient spring transition of breeding mares.
Evaluation of different hormonal treatments on oestral and ovarian responses in Moroccan Beni Arouss goats during anoestrus and breeding season
Authors: El Kadili Sara , Raes Marianne , Bister Jean‐Loup , Beckers Jean‐François , Amzati Gaston , Archa Bouchaib , Chentouf Mouad , Kirschvink Nathalie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe efficacy of eight combinations of fluorogestone acetate (FGA, 20 or 40 mg as intravaginal device during 11 days), equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG, 300 or 500 UI injected 48 hr before FGA removal) and prostaglandin F2α (cloprostenol, 0 or 50 μg injected 48 hr before FGA removal) aiming at induction and synchronization of oestrus and ovulation was evaluated during the anoestrus season in spring and during the breeding season in autumn in adult Beni Arouss goats. Oestrous behaviour was recorded between 12 and 60 hr after FGA removal. Blood samplings allowing to assess onset of the pre‐ovulatory LH surge and increase of progesterone as sign of an active corpus luteum were performed, respectively, between 20 and 60 hr and 3, 5, 8 and 15 days after FGA removal. No season‐related differences (spring vs. autumn) were observed for oestrous response (95% vs. 93%), pre‐ovulatory LH surge (94% vs. 84%) and luteal response after 3–8 and 11–15 days post‐treatment (respectively 92% vs. 66% and 92% vs. 98%). The onset of oestrus (21 [13–53] vs. 32 [12–54] hr) and LH surge (26 [20–60] vs. 38 [22–60] hr) occurred significantly later in autumn. FGA (40 vs. 20 mg) in autumn significantly delayed the onset of oestrus (36 [16–54] vs. 23 [12–47] hr) and LH surge (44 [26–58] vs. 33 [22–60] hr). Significant treatment‐related differences were recorded for onset of LH surge (earliest for 20 mg FGA, 300 IU eCG, 50 μg PGF2α) and onset of luteal phase (latest for 40 mg FGA, 300 IU eCG, 50 μg PGF2α). In conclusion, the hormone combinations tested appeared equally effective in terms of oestrous and ovulation rates. Season has influenced significantly the onset of oestrus and LH surge, and the high dose regimen of FGA delayed the ovarian response in autumn.