bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Listening Effort: Convergent Validity, Sensitivity, and Links With Cognitive and Personality Measures
Authors: Strand Julia F. , Brown Violet A. , Merchant Madeleine B. , Brown Hunter E. , Smith Julia 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Listening effort (LE) describes the attentional or cognitive requirements for successful listening. Despite substantial theoretical and clinical interest in LE, inconsistent operationalization makes it difficult to make generalizations across studies. The aims of this large-scale validation study were to evaluate the convergent validity and sensitivity of commonly used measures of LE and assess how scores on those tasks relate to cognitive and personality variables.

Method

Young adults with normal hearing (
N
= 111) completed 7 tasks designed to measure LE, 5 tests of cognitive ability, and 2 personality measures.

Results
Scores on some behavioral LE tasks were moderately intercorrelated but were generally not correlated with subjective and physiological measures of LE, suggesting that these tasks may not be tapping into the same underlying construct. LE measures differed in their sensitivity to changes in signal-to-noise ratio and the extent to which they correlated with cognitive and personality variables.

Conclusions
Given that LE measures do not show consistent, strong intercorrelations and differ in their relationships with cognitive and personality predictors, these findings suggest caution in generalizing across studies that use different measures of LE. The results also indicate that people with greater cognitive ability appear to use their resources more efficiently, thereby diminishing the detrimental effects associated with increased background noise during language processing.
Femoral neck stress fracture in a young female recruit: case report
Authors: Fonte Hélder , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Femoral neck stress fractures are uncommon and depending on their location, can be at high risk for non-union and significant morbidity. Their prevalence is higher among runners and military recruits, and women seem to be at higher risk.
Methods: A 27-year-old female, who was enrolled in military recruit, reported left side groin pain after a strenuous running exercise. Due to persistent pain an X-Ray was ordered, which revealed no signs of acute lesions. Further imaging studies with CT scan and MRI identified a compression-type femoral neck stress fracture.
Results: The patient was submitted to conservative treatment consisting of restricting from full weight-bearing. Six weeks after she initiated partial weight-bearing, becoming asymptomatic at seven months. Follow-up imaging studies revealed union of the fracture.
Discussion: This diagnosis should be considered when evaluating military and athlete populations. Early recognition of these injuries is crucial because complication and morbidity rates are high.
Manualtherapeutische Bestimmung der Anstiege des Bindegewebewiderstands bei Narben und Narbenplatten
Authors: Koller Thomas 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungBei der Behandlung von großen mechanisch inhomogenen Narbenplatten (z. B. bei schwerstbrandverletzten Patienten) ist eine wundheilungsadaptierte Dosierung von
außerordentlicher Bedeutung. Voraussetzung für die Anpassung der Behandlungsdosierung ist das Erkennen der Anstiege des Bindegewebewiderstands, um so eine
Überdosierung und eine daraus folgende neue Entzündungsphase zu vermeiden.In dieser Pilotstudie ließen sich die beiden Anstiege des Bindegewebewiderstands signifikant auseinanderhalten.
Acute Effect of Interval Walking on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Okamoto Takanobu , Min Seok-Ki , Sakamaki-Sunaga Mikako 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the acute effects of interval walking (IW) on arterial stiffness. The participants in this study were 14 healthy men and women (age 27.5±3.8 y). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was measured using an automatic oscillometric device at 30 min before (baseline) and at 30 and 60 min after walking. Participants repeated five sets of 3-min walks at 30% and 70% of maximum aerobic capacity for a total of 6 min per set in the IW trial. The participants also walked for 30 min at 50% (moderate intensity) of maximum aerobic capacity in a continuous walking (CW) trial. cfPWV was significantly decreased from baseline at 30 min (P=0.02) after the IW trial, and this reduction in cfPWV persisted for 60 min (P=0.01). In contrast, cfPWV was significantly decreased from baseline at 30 min (P=0.03) after the CW trial, but the reduction did not persist for 60 min. Moreover, changes in cfPWV in the IW trial after 30 and 60 min were significantly lower than in the CW trial (P<0.05). These results suggest that IW acutely reduces central arterial stiffness more than CW in healthy young adults.
Effects of Two Training Programs on Transcriptional Levels of Neurotrophins and Glial Cells Population in Hippocampus of Experimental Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Naghibzadeh Maryam , Ranjbar Rouhollah , Tabandeh Mohammad , Habibi Abdolhamid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus low-intensity continuous training (LICT) on transcriptional levels of neurotrophic factors and oligodendrocyte/microglia cell loss in a cuprizone (CP) induced animal model of demyelination. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to six groups: control (C), cuprizone-induced demyelination (CP), interval training (IT), continuous training (CT), IT plus CP (ITCP), and CT plus CP (CTCP). Training programs on the treadmill were performed for four weeks, and then demyelination was induced by feeding mice a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone for five weeks. Animals that received cuprizone showed poorer motor function, lower expression of BDNF, GDNF, NGF, and fewer oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus compared to the control animals. The numbers of oligodendrocyte and microglia cells increased in the ITCP group compared to the CTCP group (P<0.05). Both training programs increased the mRNA levels of BDNF, GDNF and NGF, and the HIIT program was more effective than the LICT program (P<0.05). Both exercise programs prevented the abnormal neurological movements induced by cuprizone. Our results indicated that HIIT versus LICT had a greater neuroprotective effect against multiple sclerosis by improving gene expression for abnormal neurotrophins and cellular loss in the hippocampus.
Some Aspects of the Chemistry of Alkynylsilanes
Authors: Larson Gerald 
Published: May 2018

In amongst the considerable chemistry of acetylenes there lies some unique chemistry of alkynylsilanes (silylacetylenes) some of which is reviewed herein. This unique character is exemplified not only in the silyl protection of the terminal C–H of acetylenes, but also in the ability of the silyl group to be converted into other functionalities after reaction of the alkynylsilane and to its ability to dictate and improve the regioselectivity of reactions at the triple bond. This, when combined with the possible subsequent transformations of the silyl group, makes their chemistry highly versatile and useful.1	Introduction2	Safety3	Synthesis4	Protiodesilylation5	Sonogashira Reactions6	Cross-Coupling with the C–Si Bond7	Stille Cross-Coupling8	Reactions at the Terminal Carbon9	Cross-Coupling with Silylethynylmagnesium Bromides10	Reactions of Haloethynylsilanes11	Cycloaddition Reactions11.1	Formation of Aromatic Rings11.2	Diels–Alder Cyclizations11.3	Formation of Heterocycles11.4	Formation of 1,2,3-Triazines11.5	[2+3] Cycloadditions11.6	Other Cycloadditions12	Additions to the C≡C Bond13	Reactions at the C–Si Bond14	Miscellaneous Reactions
The Effect on Performance Time and Quality of the Knots after Mono or Bimanual Training of Laparoscopic Intracorporeal Knot Tying according to the Gladiator Rule Technique
Authors: Asencio Fernanda de Almeida , Ribeiro Helizabet Abdala Salomão Ayroza , Romeo Armando , Wattiez Arnauld , Ribeiro Paulo Augusto Galvão Ayroza 
Published: May 2018

Objective To assess whether the monomanual or bimanual training of laparoscopic suture following the same technique may interfere with the knots' performance time and/or quality.
Methods A prospective observational study involving 41 resident students of gynecology/obstetrics and general surgery who attended a laparoscopic suture training for 2 days. The participants were divided into two groups. Group A performed the training using exclusively their dominant hand, and group B performed the training using both hands to tie the intracorporeal knot. All participants followed the same technique, called Romeo Gladiator Rule. At the end of the course, the participants were asked to perform three exercises to assess the time it took them to tie the knots, as well as the quality of the knots.
Results A comparative analysis of the groups showed that there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.334) between them regarding the length of time to tie one knot. However, when the time to tie 10 consecutive knots was compared, group A was faster than group B (p = 0.020). A comparison of the knot loosening average, in millimeters, revealed that the knots made by group B loosened less than those made by group A, but there was no statistically significant difference regarding the number of knots that became untied.
Conclusion This study demonstrated that the knots from group B showed better quality than those from group A, with lower loosening measures and more strength necessary to untie the knots. The study also demonstrated that group A was faster than B when the time to tie ten consecutive knots was compared.
From Auto- to Allotransplantation: Immunomodulatory Protocol for Hand and Arm Transplantation
Authors: Shores Jaimie , Brandacher Gerald , Lee W. 
Published: May 2018

Aim To achieve a favorable risk–benefit balance for hand transplantation, an immunomodulatory protocol was developed in the laboratory and translated to clinical application.
Methods Following donor bone marrow infusion into transplant recipients, hand and arm allografts have been maintained on low-dose tacrolimus monotherapy.
Results Good-to-excellent functional recovery has been achieved in patients compliant with medication and therapy, thus restoring autonomous and productive lives.
Conclusion The risk-benefit balance can be tilted in favor of the hand transplant recipients by using an immunomodulatory protocol with minimum immunosuppression.
Exploring drug space with ChemMaps.com
Authors: Borrel Alexandre , Kleinstreuer Nicole C , Fourches Denis 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Easily navigating chemical space has become more important due to the increasing size and diversity of publicly-accessible databases such as DrugBank, ChEMBL or Tox21. To do so, modelers typically rely on complex projection techniques using molecular descriptors computed for all the chemicals to be visualized. However, the multiple cheminformatics steps required to prepare, characterize, compute and explore those molecules, are technical, typically necessitate scripting skills, and thus represent a real obstacle for non-specialists.

Results
We developed the ChemMaps.com webserver to easily browse, navigate and mine chemical space. The first version of ChemMaps.com features more than 8000 approved, in development, and rejected drugs, as well as over 47 000 environmental chemicals.

Availability and implementation
The webserver is freely available at http://www.chemmaps.com.
Microsurgical Resection of Posterior Third Ventricular/Pineal Region Papillary Tumor Via Supracerebellar Infratentorial Approach: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Dogan Ihsan , Başkaya Mustafa K 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The posterior third ventricle and pineal region can harbor different pathologies. The supracerebellar infratentorial approach allows a direct access to the pineal region and posterior third ventricle and provides wide exposure of the arachnoid planes and deep venous system.
In this 3-dimensional video, we present a patient with posterior third ventricular/pineal region tumor who underwent microsurgical resection via supracerebellar infratentorial approach. The patient is a 28-year-old woman with history of hydrocephalus who underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy at an outside hospital. The histopatology of the tumor was papillary tumor of the pineal region. The patient was referred for further surgical resection due to enlargement of her tumor on follow-up radiological imaging. The surgery and the patient's postoperative course were uneventful and the patient remained unchanged in the postoperative period.
The important steps of the surgical approach and microsurgical resection are demonstrated in this 3-dimensional surgical video. The patient consented to publication of her images.
Microsurgical Treatment of Distal Anterior Cerebral Artery Aneurysms: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Agarwal Vijay , Barrow Daniel L 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Selecting appropriate patient position for surgery must take into consideration a variety of factors. For an interhemispheric approach to distal anterior cerebral artery (DACA) aneurysms, the patient may be positioned with the head either horizontal or vertical with respect to the floor. We preferentially place the patient in the supine position with the shoulder elevated and the head turned parallel to the floor with the side of the approach down and the vertex tilted 45° up. In this way, gravity is utilized to allow the right frontal lobe to fall away from the falx, eliminating the need for retraction. To demonstrate the importance of individualizing the choice of position to each patient, we present here 2 illustrative cases of DACA aneurysms in which different positioning was selected. One patient presented with a 7-mm bilobed pericallosal artery aneurysm; the aneurysm was approached with the head horizontal with respect to the floor. The second patient had a 3-mm DACA aneurysm and a right frontal proliferative angiopathy and developmental venous anomaly with evidence of prior hemorrhage. Due to the vascular anomaly, we positioned the head in a vertical position for surgery to clip the aneurysm, which was thought to be the source of hemorrhage. The videos illustrate the approach to DACA aneurysms, which typically exposes the aneurysm before complete exposure of the proximal parent artery is obtained. In one case, the use of both frameless guidance and intraoperative angiography was useful in identifying a small previously ruptured aneurysm.
All appropriate patient consents were obtained for this submission.
Video and Figures (0:57-1:16 and 6:30-6:37), © 2017 Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University. Used with permission.
PARTNERING OF A FRONTLINE HEALTHCARE TEAM WITH A FAMILY ADVISOR TO IMPROVE ACUTE ASTHMA CARE IN A PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT: COST SAVINGS ANALYSIS
Authors: Rich Catherine , Dubrovsky Alexander Sasha 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
In 2016, a Canadian paediatric emergency department (ED) partnered with families in the co-design of a LEAN-based quality improvement (QI) project with the goal of increasing the proportion of asthmatic children receiving oral corticosteroids within one hour of arrival. LEAN projects aim to eliminate non-value-added process steps and to creatively solve problems as a team. Implemented changes included a process redesign with steroids given at the door and a revised asthma pathway increasing nurse autonomy prior to physician assessment. A sustained improvement (>12 months) was achieved, with asthmatic children consistently (>90%) receiving timely steroids within a mean time of 20 minutes.

OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study was to determine the cost savings of the improvements achieved by eliminating non-value-added process steps executed by physicians and nurses. The primary outcome measure was the number of documented care acts by physicians and nurses.

DESIGN/METHODS
Cases were identified by using the diagnostic code for asthma in the electronic medical record. This study included children 1 to 18 with Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure (PRAM) score ≥ 4 at triage. Patients who required admission were excluded. We reviewed a random sample of 20 to 30 charts monthly for 12 months, 6 months pre- and post-implementation of the revised asthma pathway. Physicians are remunerated on a fee-for-service basis and we modeled cost-savings of physician remunerations based on publically available physician fees. We assessed the number of documented nursing acts as a proxy for resource allocation in the ED given that the pathway increased nursing autonomy prior to physician assessment.

RESULTS
A total of 270 patients were included. With a simple process redesign aimed at getting children timely steroids at triage, the number of physician assessments decreased by 18%. In terms of physician billing, the cost savings were $24 per asthmatic patient in the ED. With >3000 asthma ED visits annually, the resulting estimated cost savings were >$72,000 per year. Even though increased nursing autonomy was part of the new process, documented nursing acts decreased by 10%. Moreover, although not included in the cost savings analysis, ED length of stay and admission rates both decreased.

CONCLUSION
Engaging frontline healthcare teams to co-design improvement initiatives with family partners in the ED is an excellent mechanism for leaders to sponsor. Frontline teams can implement creative and simple solutions that result in improved quality of care while also reducing unnecessary healthcare expenditures.
SEVERE MICROCEPHALY IN CANADA
Authors: Nelson Chantal 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Microcephaly is a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system. It is a condition in which an infant’s head is significantly smaller than the heads of other children of the same age and sex. Sometimes detected at birth, microcephaly usually results from the brain developing abnormally in the womb or not growing normally after birth. At the present time there is an increase of microcephaly cases which have are linked to an ongoing Zika virus outbreak. While the increase was mostly seen in Brazil, due to the possible modes of transmission of the Zika virus and the increased travel of Canadians to warmer climates, conducting this study was highly responsive, timely and relevant to an emerging public health issue that has received significant international concern.

OBJECTIVES
This study aims to address two specific objectives: 1) define the minimum incidence of severe microcephaly in Canada, and 2) describe Canadian -specific epidemiology (including etiology, when known) of severe microcephaly.

DESIGN/METHODS
Data is collected by questionnaire through the Canadian Paediatric Surveillance Program. Each paediatrician who is registered with the network is asked to report every month any new cases of infants, < 1 year of age, with a head circumference < 3 standard deviations below the mean for gestational age and sex, based on the sex-specific WHO growth parameters. Any infant with confirmed microcephaly will have additional information completed by questionnaire by his/her paediatrician.

RESULTS
As of October 2017, a total of 44 questionnaires have been completed and submitted (n=1 duplicate case, n=2 did not meet case definition) yielding a total of 41 questionnaires for analysis. To date, one case of severe microcephaly has been confirmed due to Zika virus. The other leading suspected causes (when reported) include: 3.4% infection, 34.5% genetic, 13.8% ischemic, 34.5% unknown, and 13.8% other. The average head circumference at birth is 28.3 cm for all cases. Most of the cases are males (64%) and the majority are singleton births (94%). Data is less complete for diagnostic testing information, including test results, and parental travel history.

CONCLUSION
An increase in prevalence of the Zika virus and the emergence of its association with microcephaly warrants heightened awareness and targeted surveillance to better understand this issue in the Canadian context. Data collection is still ongoing, but once analysis is complete it will provide valuable baseline incidence and etiologic information on severe microcephaly in Canada.
DEVELOPING SKILLS FOR DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES PRE-CLINICAL ELECTIVE: DIFFERENT SETTING AND POPULATION PRODUCES CONSISTENT IMPROVEMENT IN STUDENT CONFIDENCE
Authors: Le Andy , Fong-Leboeuf Alexis , Penner Stephanie , Andrews Debra 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Medical students feel they are inadequately trained in caring for patients with developmental disabilities (PWDD) (Troller et al. 2016; Salvador-Carulla et al., 2015). Consequently, PWDD may not receive timely, empathetic care from their future clinicians (Sahin and Akyol, 2010).
We developed a preclinical elective, “Developing Skills with Developmental Disabilities” (DSDD), to improve student knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward paediatric PWDD. The first cohorts worked with pre-schoolers; DSDD was effective in improving student confidence working with PWDD (Penner et al. 2017). The current project compared the efficacy of DSDD using a hospital-based day-school for elementary-aged children, to previous cohorts.

OBJECTIVES
Our goal was to determine if changing the population being observed and the setting in which they are being observed could reproduce improvement in student confidence as seen in past cohorts.

DESIGN/METHODS
The DSDD module was an elective offered to preclinical medical students for credit. Students were given 6 hours of didactics on child development, assistive technologies, and breaking bad news. Students also participated in 6 clinical hours at the Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital, where they observed school-aged PWDD in a classroom and interacted with an interdisciplinary team. Students also interviewed children’s families during medical intakes.
Students completed pre- and post-elective surveys administered on a 5-point Likert scale. Questions pertained to students’ self-perceived comfort and knowledge regarding PWDD. Scores pre- and post-elective were compared using t-test analysis. This data was compared to data collected from previous cohorts, which used the same survey.

RESULTS
24 students registered for DSDD, and 21 surveys were able to be analysed. Statistically significant (p<0.01) increases were present in 9/10 self-reported scores, with the statistically insignificant score pertaining to confidence using positive reinforcement. There was no significant difference in pre- and post-elective score improvement when comparing this cohort with past cohorts, across all scores. The critical components of DSDD were maintained across setting changes with significant (p<0.01) increases in students’ self-reported confidence and knowledge in working with PWDD.

CONCLUSION
This elective demonstrates effectiveness in different settings and ages. The general structure and principles of this elective may be applied by Paediatricians to improve medical education. Examples include having students attend developmental programmes they might provide support for, using a short set of parent interview questions and/or a child observation to improve developmental teaching, and allocating time for interaction with other allied health professionals to better understand their roles in the management of paediatric PWDD.