bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac maladaptation in obese pregnant women at term
Authors: Buddeberg B. S. , Sharma R. , O'Driscoll J. M. , Kaelin Agten A. , Khalil A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveObesity is an increasing problem worldwide, with well recognized detrimental effects on cardiovascular health; however, very little is known about the effect of obesity on cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to compare biventricular cardiac function at term between obese pregnant women and pregnant women with normal body weight, utilizing conventional echocardiography and speckle‐tracking assessment.MethodsThis was a prospective case–control study of 40 obese, but otherwise healthy, pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 35 kg/m2 and 40 healthy pregnant women with a BMI of ≤ 30 kg/m2. All women underwent a comprehensive echocardiographic examination and speckle‐tracking assessment at term.ResultsObese pregnant women, compared with controls, had significantly higher systolic blood pressure (117 vs 109 mmHg; P = 0.002), cardiac output (6.73 vs 4.90 L/min; P < 0.001), left ventricular (LV) mass index (74 vs 64 g/m2; P < 0.001) and relative wall thickness (0.43 vs 0.37; P < 0.001). Diastolic dysfunction was present in five (12.5%) controls and 16 (40%) obese women (P = 0.004). In obese women, compared with controls, LV global longitudinal strain (–15.59 vs –17.61%; P < 0.001), LV endocardial (–17.30 vs –19.84%; P < 0.001) and epicardial (–13.10 vs –15.73%; P < 0.001) global longitudinal strain as well as LV early diastolic strain rate (1.05 vs 1.24 /s; P = 0.006) were all significantly reduced. No differences were observed in the degree of LV twist and torsion between the two groups.ConclusionsMorbidly obese, but otherwise healthy, pregnant women at term had significant LV hypertrophy with evidence of diastolic dysfunction and impaired deformation indices compared with pregnant women of normal weight. These findings are likely to represent a maladaptive response of the heart to volume overload in obese pregnancy. The impact of theses changes on pregnancy outcome and long‐term maternal outcome is unclear. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Translational control during poxvirus infection
Authors: Meade Nathan , DiGiuseppe Stephen , Walsh Derek 
Published: November 2018

Poxviruses are an unusual family of large double‐stranded (ds) DNA viruses that exhibit an incredible degree of self‐sufficiency and complexity in their replication and immune evasion strategies. Indeed, amongst their approximately 200 open reading frames (ORFs), poxviruses encode approximately 100 immunomodulatory proteins to counter host responses along with complete DNA synthesis, transcription, mRNA processing and cytoplasmic redox systems that enable them to replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. However, like all other viruses poxviruses do not encode ribosomes and therefore remain completely dependent on gaining access to the host translational machinery in order to synthesize viral proteins. Early studies of these intriguing viruses helped discover the mRNA cap and polyadenylated (polyA) tail that we now know to be present on most eukaryotic messages and which play fundamental roles in mRNA translation, while more recent studies have begun to reveal the remarkable lengths poxviruses go to in order to control both host and viral protein synthesis. Here, we discuss some of the central strategies used by poxviruses and the broader battle that ensues with the host cell to control the translation system, the outcome of which ultimately dictates the fate of infection.This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Regulation
Finite deformations from a heterotic superpotential: holomorphic Chern-Simons and an L∞ algebra
Authors: Ashmore Anthony , de la Ossa Xenia , Minasian Ruben , Strickland-Constable Charles , Svanes Eirik Eik 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe consider finite deformations of the Hull-Strominger system. Starting from the heterotic superpotential, we identify complex coordinates on the off-shell parameter space. Expanding the superpotential around a supersymmetric vacuum leads to a thirdorder Maurer-Cartan equation that controls the moduli. The resulting complex effective action generalises that of both Kodaira-Spencer and holomorphic Chern-Simons theory. The supersymmetric locus of this action is described by anL3algebra.
Blowup equations for refined topological strings
Authors: Huang Min-xin , Sun Kaiwen , Wang Xin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGöttsche-Nakajima-Yoshioka K-theoretic blowup equations characterize the Nekrasov partition function of five dimensional$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$N=1supersymmetric gauge theories compactified on a circle, which via geometric engineering correspond to the refined topological string theory on SU(N) geometries. In this paper, we study the K-theoretic blowup equations for general local Calabi-Yau threefolds. We find that both vanishing and unity blowup equations exist for the partition function of refined topological string, and the crucial ingredients are therfields introduced in our previous paper. These blowup equations are in fact the functional equations for the partition function and each of them results in infinite identities among the refined free energies. Evidences show that they can be used to determine the full refined BPS invariants of local Calabi-Yau threefolds. This serves an independent and sometimes more powerful way to compute the partition function other than the refined topological vertex in the A-model and the refined holomorphic anomaly equations in the B-model. We study the modular properties of the blowup equations and provide a procedure to determine all the vanishing and unityrfields from the polynomial part of refined topological string at large radius point. We also find that certain form of blowup equations exist at generic loci of the moduli space.
Propensity‐Matched Analysis Comparing Survival After Hybrid Thoracoscopic–Laparotomy Esophagectomy and Complete Thoracoscopic–Laparoscopic Esophagectomy
Authors: Li Kun‐Kun , Wang Yin‐Jian , Liu Xue‐Hai , Wang Ru‐Wen , Jiang Yao‐Guang , Guo Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundHybrid thoracoscopic–laparotomy esophagectomy (hTE) and complete thoracoscopic–laparoscopic esophagectomy (cTLE) are the two most frequently used minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) procedures and are broadly utilized for esophageal cancer. We evaluated differences in short‐ and long‐term outcomes between hTE and cTLE in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodsPatients who underwent MIE for ESCC between September 2009 and February 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to contrast the postoperative results of hTE and cTLE according to the obtained and analyzed pertinent patient features and postoperative variables. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used on possible predictors of survival.ResultsEighty‐six well‐balanced pairs of patients were available for outcome comparison after PSM. Compared to Group 1 (hTE), the patients in Group 2 (cTLE) had significantly shorter operative times and less intraoperative blood loss, but a higher number of retrieved nodes (p = 0.000, p = 0.003, and p = 0.000, respectively). The incidence of postoperative complications was 40.7% (70/172) and did not significantly differ between the two groups. The patients in Group 2 exhibited higher disease‐free survival and disease‐specific survival (DSS) than those in Group 1 (p = 0.048 and p = 0.041, respectively). Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that pT stage, pN stage, differentiation grade, and the surgical procedure had significant HRs, which suggested that cTLE is associated with better DSS.ConclusionscTLE possibly shows better postoperative and oncologic outcomes than hTE.
Maternal Age and Child Development
Authors: Duncan Greg J. , Lee Kenneth T. H. , Rosales-Rueda Maria , Kalil Ariel 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Although the consequences of teen births for both mothers and children have been studied for decades, few studies have taken a broader look at the potential payoffs—and drawbacks—of being born to older mothers. A broader examination is important given the growing gap in maternal ages at birth for children born to mothers with low and high socioeconomic status. Drawing data from the Children of the NLSY79, our examination of this topic distinguishes between the value for children of being born to a mother who delayed her first birth and the value of the additional years between her first birth and the birth of the child whose achievements and behaviors at ages 10–13 are under study. We find that each year the mother delays a first birth is associated with a 0.02 to 0.04 standard deviation increase in school achievement and a similar-sized reduction in behavior problems. Coefficients are generally as large for additional years between the first and given birth. Results are fairly robust to the inclusion of cousin and sibling fixed effects, which attempt to address some omitted variable concerns. Our mediational analyses show that the primary pathway by which delaying first births benefits children is by enabling mothers to complete more years of schooling.
The protective effects of polyphenols on Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Colizzi Chiara 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionFoods rich in polyphenols have been positively correlated to a reduced risk of several noncommunicable diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this systematic review was to collect and evaluate all the relevant studies on the beneficial effects of polyphenols on AD.MethodsStudies have been collected through a systematic search on two databases: PubMed and Web of Science. Both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with human subjects were included.ResultsA total of 24 studies were included in this review. Twelve studies found a positive correlation with reduced cognitive decline. Five studies did not find any correlation and seven studies reported mixed results. No conclusive evidence was found for phenolic acids and flavonoids.DiscussionThis systematic review did not find sufficient evidence to confirm that polyphenols have beneficial effects against AD. Further RCTs of human subjects would be necessary to complete the results drawn from this research.
Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll‐A in Case II Waters: A Novel Approach With Improved Accuracy Over Widely Implemented Turbid Water Indices
Authors: Menon Harilal B. , Adhikari Arjun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA new semianalytical algorithm was formulated to retrieve chlorophyll‐a (CHL) in optically complex waters using in situ data set of coastal waters of eastern Arabian Sea. The algorithm was derived using CHL index of the form, x = (Rrs(λ1)−1−Rrs(λ2)−1) × Rrs(λ3). The first wavelength (λ1) represents the secondary peak of CHL, while the second wavelength (λ2) and third wavelength (λ3) were delineated using a radiative transfer model and partial derivative analysis of hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance, respectively. Further iteration of three wavelengths between 600 and 700 nm resulted in a two‐wavelength index, x = (Rrs(λ1)−1−Rrs(λ2)−1) × Rrs(λ2). This was further regressed with CHL data initially used for three wavelength index. The final form of algorithm, Goa University Case II (GUC2), cMCHL=113.112x3−58.408x2+8.669x − 0.0384, was validated with in situ CHL ranging between 0.11 and 25.56 μg/L, resulted in a strong correlation r2 = 0.99, RMSE = 0.30, and bias = 0.03. A comparison with NIR‐Red two‐band, three‐band, four‐band, synthetic chlorophyll index, and normalized difference chlorophyll index pointed to the nonsuitability of turbid water indices in different water types of the study area. For the first time, a CHL algorithm has been tested successfully in water types outside the region of its formulation. A pixel‐to‐pixel validation of GUC2‐derived MERIS CHL with NASA bio‐Optical Marine Algorithm Dataset and Satellite Coastal and Oceanography Research data set resulted in correlation, bias, and RMSE of 0.90, −0.0013, and 1.2499, respectively. Furthermore, GUC2 was successfully tested in Chesapeake Bay for accurate retrieval of CHL from stations with varying turbidity levels.
Seasonal Variability of the Cold Pool Over the Mid‐Atlantic Bight Continental Shelf
Authors: Chen Zhuomin , Curchitser Enrique , Chant Robert , Kang Dujuan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB) Cold Pool is a distinctive cold (lower than 10 °C) and relatively fresh (lower than 34 practical salinity unit) water mass. It is located over the middle and outer shelf of the MAB, below the seasonal thermocline, and is attached to the bottom. Following this definition, we put forward a method that includes three criteria to capture and quantify Cold Pool characteristics, based on a 50‐year (1958–2007) high‐resolution regional ocean model hindcast. The seasonal climatology of the Cold Pool and its properties are investigated during its onset‐peak‐decline cycle. Three stages of the Cold Pool event are defined according to its evolution and characteristics. The Cold Pool cores travel along the 60‐m isobath starting south of the New England shelf to the Hudson Shelf Valley at a speed of 2–3 cm/s. Furthermore, the northern extent of the Cold Pool retreats about 2.6 times faster than the southern extent during the summer progression. The heat balance of near‐bottom waters over the MAB and Georges Bank is computed and it is found that the heat advection, rather than vertical diffusion, dominates the resulting spatial patterns of warming. Possible origins of the Cold Pool are investigated by performing a lead‐lag correlation analysis. Results suggest that the Cold Pool originates not only from local remnants of winter water near the Nantucket Shoals, but has an upstream source traveling in the spring time from the southwestern flank of the Georges Bank along the 80‐m isobath.
Chlorophyll‐a in Antarctic Landfast Sea Ice: A First Synthesis of Historical Ice Core Data
Authors: Meiners K. M. , Vancoppenolle M. , Carnat G. , Castellani G. , Delille B. , Delille D. , Dieckmann G. S. , Flores H. , Fripiat F. , Grotti M. , Lange B. A. , Lannuzel D. , Martin A. , McMinn A. , Nomura D. , Peeken I. , Rivaro P. , Ryan K. G. , Stefels J. , Swadling K. M. , Thomas D. N. , Tison J.‐L. , van der Merwe P. , van Leeuwe M. A. , Weldrick C. , Yang E. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHistorical sea ice core chlorophyll‐a (Chla) data are used to describe the seasonal, regional, and vertical distribution of ice algal biomass in Antarctic landfast sea ice. The analyses are based on the Antarctic Fast Ice Algae Chlorophyll‐a data set, a compilation of currently available sea ice Chla data from landfast sea ice cores collected at circum‐Antarctic nearshore locations between 1970 and 2015. Ice cores were typically sampled from thermodynamically grown first‐year ice and have thin snow depths (mean = 0.052 ± 0.097 m). The data set comprises 888 ice cores, including 404 full vertical profile cores. Integrated ice algal Chla biomass (range: <0.1–219.9 mg/m2, median = 4.4 mg/m2, interquartile range = 9.9 mg/m2) peaks in late spring and shows elevated levels in autumn. The seasonal Chla development is consistent with the current understanding of physical drivers of ice algal biomass, including the seasonal cycle of irradiance and surface temperatures driving landfast sea ice growth and melt. Landfast ice regions with reported platelet ice formation show maximum ice algal biomass. Ice algal communities in the lowermost third of the ice cores dominate integrated Chla concentrations during most of the year, but internal and surface communities are important, particularly in winter. Through comparison of biomass estimates based on different sea ice sampling strategies, that is, analysis of full cores versus bottom‐ice section sampling, we identify biases in common sampling approaches and provide recommendations for future survey programs: for example, the need to sample fast ice over its entire thickness and to measure auxiliary physicochemical parameters.
Heat‐Engine and Entropy‐Production Analyses of the World Ocean
Authors: Bannon Peter R. , Najjar Raymond G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA heat‐engine analysis is performed in order to determine the ocean's Carnot efficiency, the maximum thermal energy (i.e., the Carnot work) available to drive the ocean circulation, and the ocean's irreversible entropy production. The analysis is based on a 36‐year monthly climatology of the surface heat flux; estimates of geothermal input, mechanical energy input, and heat storage; and a detailed treatment of freshwater fluxes. The ocean's Carnot efficiency is estimated to be 0.86%. The Carnot work is equal to 110 TW, which exceeds the mechanical energy input by the winds and tides. The net entropy flux from the ocean to its surroundings is found to be 0.617 TW/K, in good agreement with an independent estimate of the irreversible entropy production from viscous dissipation, thermal mixing, and haline mixing, demonstrating a balanced entropy budget of the ocean. Thermal mixing accounts for 56% of this entropy production, with most of the remaining production due to viscous dissipation and only small contributions from haline mixing and sea ice melting. Two thirds of the thermal entropy production is due to isopycnal mixing. The effect of thermal diffusion is to reduce the Carnot work significantly. The actual reduction is proportional to the amplitude of the (poorly known) eddy thermal diffusivity.
Air‐Sea Gas Exchange and CO2 Fluxes in a Tropical Coral Reef Lagoon
Authors: Ho David T. , De Carlo Eric H. , Schlosser Peter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCoral reefs are found predominately in tropical and subtropical areas and are sites of active carbon cycling. Knowledge of gas transfer velocities is necessary for carbon cycle studies in coral reef environments, and past studies in these environments have used wind speed/gas exchange parameterizations intended for the open ocean. In order to determine the relationship between wind speed and gas exchange, and to assess the suitability of open ocean wind speed/gas exchange parameterizations for this environment, two 3He/SF6 tracer release experiments were conducted during two separate years in a tropical coral reef lagoon in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii. The results show that because water depth is relatively deep in much of Kaneohe Bay, some parameterizations intended for the open ocean can be used to predict gas transfer velocities in that environment. The bay was a source of CO2 to the atmosphere during both studies, and the residence times of water in the bay during the two studies differed by a factor of two.
In-situ observation of plasmon-controlled photocatalytic dehydrogenation of individual palladium nanoparticles
Authors: Vadai Michal , Angell Daniel K. , Hayee Fariah , Sytwu Katherine , Dionne Jennifer A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPlasmonic nanoparticle catalysts offer improved light absorption and carrier transport compared to traditional photocatalysts. However, it remains unclear how plasmonic excitation affects multi-step reaction kinetics and promotes site-selectivity. Here, we visualize a plasmon-induced reaction at the sub-nanoparticle level in-situ and in real-time. Using an environmental transmission electron microscope combined with light excitation, we study the photocatalytic dehydrogenation of individual palladium nanocubes coupled to gold nanoparticles with sub-2 nanometer spatial resolution. We find that plasmons increase the rate of distinct reaction steps with unique time constants; enable reaction nucleation at specific sites closest to the electromagnetic hot spots; and appear to open a new reaction pathway that is not observed without illumination. These effects are explained by plasmon-mediated population of excited-state hybridized palladium-hydrogen orbitals. Our results help elucidate the role of plasmons in light-driven photochemical transformations, en-route to design of site-selective and product-specific photocatalysts.
Parallels between vertebrate cardiac and cutaneous wound healing and regeneration
Authors: Richardson Rebecca J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe cellular events that contribute to tissue healing of non-sterile wounds to the skin and ischaemic injury to internal organs such as the heart share remarkable similarities despite the differences between these injury types and organs. In adult vertebrates, both injuries are characterised by a complex series of overlapping events involving multiple different cell types and cellular interactions. In adult mammals both tissue-healing processes ultimately lead to the permanent formation of a fibrotic, collagenous scar, which can have varying effects on tissue function depending on the site and magnitude of damage. Extensive scarring in the heart as a result of a severe myocardial infarction contributes to ventricular dysfunction and the progression of heart failure. Some vertebrates such as adult zebrafish, however, retain a more embryonic capacity for scar-free tissue regeneration in many tissues including the skin and heart. In this review, the similarities and differences between these different types of wound healing are discussed, with special attention on recent advances in regenerative, non-scarring vertebrate models such as the zebrafish.
Differential Effects of a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and in Response to Hepatectomy
Authors: Valdecantos M. Pilar , Ruiz Laura , Pardo Virginia , Castro-Sanchez Luis , García-Monzón Carmelo , Lanzón Borja , Rupérez Javier , Barbas Coral , Naylor Jaqueline , Trevaskis James L. , Grimsby Joseph , Rondinone Cristina M. , Valverde Ángela M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with post-operative liver failure (PLF) and impaired liver regeneration. We investigated the effects of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist on NAFLD, PLF and liver regeneration in mice fed chow diet or methionine/choline-deficient diet (MCD) or high fat diet (HFD). Fc-GLP-1 decreased transaminases, reduced intrahepatic triglycerides (TG) and improved MCD-induced liver dysfuction. Macrophage/Kupffer cell-related markers were also reduced although Fc-GLP-1 increased expression of genes related to natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T lymphocytes and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. After partial hepatectomy (PH), survival rates increased in mice receiving Fc-GLP-1 on chow or MCD diet. However, the benefit of Fc-GLP-1 on NASH-like features was attenuated 2 weeks post-PH and liver mass restoration was not improved. At this time-period, markers of NK cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were further elevated in Fc-GLP-1 treated mice. Increased HSC related gene expression in livers was observed together with decreased retinyl ester content and increased retinal and retinoic acid, reflecting HSC activation. Similar effects were found in mice fed HFD receiving Fc-GLP-1. Our results shed light on the differential effects of a long-acting GLP-1R agonist in improving NAFLD and PLF, but not enhancing liver regeneration in mice.