bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Transport and Power Dissipation in Aerosol-Jet-Printed Graphene Interconnects
Authors: Pandhi Twinkle , Kreit Eric , Aga Roberto , Fujimoto Kiyo , Sharbati Mohammad Taghi , Khademi Samane , Chang A. Nicole , Xiong Feng , Koehne Jessica , Heckman Emily M. , Estrada David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper reports the first known investigation of power dissipation and electrical breakdown in aerosol-jet-printed (AJP) graphene interconnects. The electrical performance of aerosol-jet printed (AJP) graphene was characterized using the Transmission Line Method (TLM). The electrical resistance decreased with increasing printing pass number (n); the lowest sheet resistance measured was 1.5 kΩ/sq. for n = 50. The role of thermal resistance (RTH) in power dissipation was studied using a combination of electrical breakdown thermometry and infrared (IR) imaging. A simple lumped thermal model ($${\boldsymbol{\Delta }}{\bf{T}}={\bf{P}}{\boldsymbol{\times }}{{\bf{R}}}_{{\bf{TH}}}$$
Δ
T
=
P
×

R

TH

) and COMSOL Multiphysics was used to extract the total RTH, including interfaces. The RTH of AJP graphene on Kapton is ~27 times greater than that of AJP graphene on Al2O3 with a corresponding breakdown current density 10 times less on Kapton versus Al2O3.
Weighted Betweenness Preferential Attachment: A New Mechanism Explaining Social Network Formation and Evolution
Authors: Topirceanu Alexandru , Udrescu Mihai , Marculescu Radu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe dynamics of social networks is a complex process, as there are many factors which contribute to the formation and evolution of social links. While certain real-world properties are captured by the degree-driven preferential attachment model, it still cannot fully explain social network dynamics. Indeed, important properties such as dynamic community formation, link weight evolution, or degree saturation cannot be completely and simultaneously described by state of the art models. In this paper, we explore the distribution of social network parameters and centralities and argue that node degree is not the main attractor of new social links. Consequently, as node betweenness proves to be paramount to attracting new links – as well as strengthening existing links –, we propose the new Weighted Betweenness Preferential Attachment (WBPA) model, which renders quantitatively robust results on realistic network metrics. Moreover, we support our WBPA model with a socio-psychological interpretation, that offers a deeper understanding of the mechanics behind social network dynamics.
Coverage and diagnostic yield of Whole Exome Sequencing for the Evaluation of Cases with Dilated and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mak Timothy Shin Heng , Lee Yee-Ki , Tang Clara S. , Hai JoJo S. H. , Ran Xinru , Sham Pak-Chung , Tse Hung-Fat 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTargeted next generation sequencing of gene panels has become a popular tool for the genetic diagnosis of hypertrophic (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, it is uncertain whether the use of Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) represents a more effective approach for diagnosis of cases with HCM and DCM. In this study, we performed indirect comparisons of the coverage and diagnostic yield of WES on genes and variants related to HCM and DCM versus 4 different commercial gene panels using 40 HCM and DCM patients, assuming perfect coverage in those panels. We identified 6 pathogenic or likely pathogenic among 14 HCM patients (diagnostic yield 43%). 3 pathogenic or likely pathogenic were found among the 26 DCM patients (diagnostic yield 12%). The coverage was similar to that of four existing commercial gene panels due to the clustering of mutation within MYH7, MYBPC3, TPM1, TNT2, and TTN. Moreover, the coverage of WES appeared inadequate for TNNI3 and PLN. We conclude that most of the pathogenic variants for HCM and DCM can be found within a small number of genes which were covered by all the commercial gene panels, and the application of WES did not increase diagnostic yield.
Rapid oral bacteria detection based on real-time PCR for the forensic identification of saliva
Authors: Jung Ju Yeon , Yoon Hyun Kyu , An Sanghyun , Lee Jee Won , Ahn Eu-Ree , Kim Yeon-Ji , Park Hyun-Chul , Lee Kyungmyung , Hwang Jung Ho , Lim Si-Keun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study developed a new method for forensic saliva identification using three oral bacteria, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Neisseria subflava, combined with a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) system we called OB mRT-PCR. Analytical sensitivity results showed that the target bacteria were amplified at 102–107 copies/reaction, and analytical specificity was assessed using 24 other viruses, bacteria, and protozoa. To evaluate the OB mRT-PCR kit for forensic applications, saliva from 140 Korean individuals was tested, and at least two target bacteria were detected in all the samples. Additional studies on non-saliva samples demonstrated the specificity of the kit. Comparison of the kit with two conventional saliva test methods, the SALIgAE and RSID-Saliva assays, indicated that it was more sensitive and applicable to saliva samples in long-term storage (up to 14 weeks). Additionally, through amplification of mock forensic items and old DNA samples (isolated without lysis of the bacterial cells, regardless of their Gram-positivity), we found that the kit was applicable to not only saliva swabs, but also DNA samples. We suggest that this simple RT-PCR-based experimental method is feasible for rapid on-site analysis, and we expect this kit to be useful for saliva detection in old forensic DNA samples.
Remarkably low flicker noise in solution-processed organic single crystal transistors
Authors: Watanabe Shun , Sugawara Hirotaka , Häusermann Roger , Blülle Balthasar , Yamamura Akifumi , Okamoto Toshihiro , Takeya Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLow-frequency noise generated by a fluctuation of current is a key issue for integrating electronic elements into a high-density circuit. Investigation of the noise in organic field-effect transistors is now sharing the spotlight with development of printed integrated circuits. The recent improvement of field-effect mobility (up to 15 cm2 V−1 s−1) has allowed for organic integrated circuits with a relatively high-speed operation (~50 kHz). Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the noise feature will be indispensable to further improve the circuit stability and durability. Here we performed noise measurements in solution-processed organic single crystal transistors, and discovered that a low trap density-of-states due to the absence of structural disorder in combination with coherent band-like transport gives rise to an unprecedentedly low flicker noise. The excellent noise property in organic single crystals will allow their potential to be fully exploited for high-speed communication and sensing applications.
Sol–gel synthesis of Ba‐doped ZnO nanoparticles and its use in varistor ceramics
Authors: Yang Rong , Qu Xiao , Wang Mao‐Hua 
Published: July 2018

Un‐doped and Ba‐doped ZnO nanoparticles (Zn1−x Bax O 0 wt% ≤ x ≤4 wt%) were prepared by the sol–gel method and annealed at 500°C for 4 h under air atmosphere. Several techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterise the as‐prepared samples. The samples exhibited hexagonal ZnO lattice structure and a secondary phase of BaO is evolved for the sample with x = 0.02 and 0.04. The calculated average crystalline size decreases from 38.27 to 33.74 nm for x = 0 to 0.02 then reaches 39.93 nm for x = 0.04 which is confirmed by TEM. The change in micro‐strain and a small shift in XRD peaks reveal the substitution of Ba2+ ions into the ZnO lattice. Additionally, using Ba‐doped ZnO powders via this sol–gel method after sintering in air at 1150°C for 2 h, the varistor possesses good electrical characteristics, with present nonlinear coefficient of ∼24.43 and breakdown voltage of ∼2487.27 V/cm.
Bewegungsförderung in der Bewegungstherapie – Konzept eines berufsbegleitenden E-Learning Angebots
Authors: Streber René , Pfeifer Klaus 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Rahmen der Rehabilitation und des Krankheitsmanagements von Personen mit chronischen Erkrankungen sind bewegungstherapeutische Interventionen eine wesentliche Säule. Einem Großteil der Rehabilitanden gelingt es im Anschluss an eine stationäre Rehabilitation jedoch nicht, die in der Bewegungstherapie erworbenen Kenntnisse und Fertigkeiten für einen aktiven Lebensstil in den Alltag zu transferieren. Dies ist jedoch eine notwendige Voraussetzung, um langfristig von den positiven Wirkungen der körperlichen Aktivität zu profitieren. Die Motivierung und Befähigung der Rehabilitanden zu einer dauerhaften Fortführung regelmäßiger Sport- und Bewegungsaktivitäten ist dahingehend ein bedeutendes und mittlerweile zentrales Ziel der Bewegungstherapie geworden. Diesbezüglich besteht ein Qualifikationsbedarf bzw. der Bedarf eines Wissensaustauschs zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis, der bisher noch unzureichend gedeckt ist. Das Medium des E-Learning bietet hierfür eine Reihe von Vorteilen gerade als berufsbegleitendes Angebot für Bewegungstherapeuten. Dieses Manuskript stellt ein berufsbegleitendes, web-basiertes Programm für Bewegungstherapeuten zu Methoden und Techniken der Motivierung und Verhaltensänderung im Zusammenhang mit dem Modell der bewegungsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz vor, mit denen Patienten beim Aufbau eines aktiven Lebensstils effektiv unterstützt werden können.
Effect of Prolonged Fasting Duration on 50 Gram Oral Glucose Challenge Test in the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hancerliogullari Necati , Celik Hatice , Karakaya Burcu , Tokmak Aytekin , Tasci Yasemin , Erkaya Salim , Engin-Ustun Yaprak , Ozgu-Erdinc A. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between fasting duration before screening with 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) and the test outcome. For this cross-sectional study, we enrolled 508 low-risk pregnant women who underwent 50 g GCT between the 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. We excluded women with pregestational diabetes, multiple gestations or a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and macrosomia. We evaluated fasting durations, GCT results, and demographic features. A significant positive correlation was found between fasting duration and 50 g GCT values (r=0.122; p=0.006), and the best cut-off value was found to be 6.5 h, with 85.85% sensitivity and 38.61% specificity (relative risk, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.893–3.936; p<0.0001). Further, we divided the patients into two groups: study (fasting, <6.5 h; n=146) and control (fasting,>6.5 h; n=362) groups. Notably, the mean glucose levels, number of patients with GCT>140 mg/dl, and rates of unnecessary 100 g loadings were significantly higher in the study group. We found no significant differences between the groups in terms of the fasting plasma glucose levels and GDM prevalence. According to our findings, fasting duration of>6.5 h resulted in 2.7 times more unnecessary 100 g glucose tolerance tests (GTT). We recommend that patients having fasted for>6.5 h receive a one-step 75 g GTT after completing 8-h fasting.
Prothrombin Fragment 1+2, Thrombin- Antithrombin III-Complexes and Fibrinopeptide A in Spontaneously Clotting Whole Blood In Vitro
Authors: Herren Thomas , Werner Straub P , Haeberli André 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPrevious in vitro studies using spontaneously clotting whole blood revealed thrombin formation and high fibrinopeptide A (FPA) concentrations measured during incubation time. This occurred in spite of normal concentrations of thrombin antagonists present in the blood of the healthy subjects examined. However, there are several reports showing that in vivo increased thrombin- anti thrombin III-complex (TAT) concentrations and relatively low FPA concentrations may occur e. g. in patients with (pre)thrombotic disorders. These in vivo findings indicate more effective thrombin inhibition by antithrombin III, with almost no fibrin formation. To find an explanation for the differences observed in vitro and in vivo, we extended the in vitro studies by measuring concentrations of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), TAT and FPA at several time points until 30 min. Our goal was to test whether thrombin at least initially is neutralized by antithrombin III, resulting in a lack of fibrin formation, either in the absence or in the presence of heparin (0.2 and 0.5 U/ml whole blood, respectively).In the absence of heparin a simultaneous increase in the concentrations of F1+2, TAT and FPA was observed. Thrombin was only partially neutralized by antithrombin III and large amounts of fibrin were formed. The addition of heparin virtually suppressed thrombin formation since the F1 + 2 concentration remained low. Moreover, the small amounts of thrombin formed were neutralized by antithrombin III to a greater extent than in the absence of heparin. Thus, in the presence of heparin less fibrin was produced as evidenced by significantly lower FPA concentrations.Experiments using blood of two patients with antithrombin III deficiency showed that fibrin formation was not different from the healthy controls in spite of the significantly higher initial F1 + 2 concentration measured. During incubation, the patients tended to form more thrombin, of which proportionally less was neutralized by antithrombin III, and more fibrin as compared to the healthy controls. Heparin addition suppressed thrombin formation less efficiently.
The Value of Phenformin and Ethyloestrenol in the Prevention of Deep Venous Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Surgery
Authors: Atkins P , Brown I K , Downie R J , Haggart B G , Littler J , Robb P M , Santer G J , Jones I 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of phenformin and ethyloestrenol on the incidence of post-operative deep venous thrombosis was studied in 314 surgical patients in a double-blind randomised trial.Although the laboratory tests suggested that the regime produced an increase in activators of the fibrinolytic system, the drugs used did not lower the incidence of post-operative deep venous thrombosis.Possible explanations of this paradox are advanced.
Purification of a Fibrinolysis Inhibitor in Serum from Post-Traumatic Patients
Authors: Bagge Lars , Björk Ingemar , Saldeen Tom , Wallin Rolf 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA fibrinolysis inhibitor was purified in serum from post-traumatic patients by the use of flat bed electrofocusing of serum desalted by gel chromatography followed by affinity chromatography on a column of matrix-linked plasminogen. Disc gel electrophoresis yielded one protein band. The inhibitor protein was also found in normal serum, but in a lower concentration.
Evaluation of Platelet Tests for Measurement of Cell Integrity
Authors: Akkerman J W N , Doucet-De Bruïne M H M , Gorter G , De Graaf S , Holme S , Lips J P M , Nijmeijer A , Over J , Starkenburg A E , Trieschnigg A M C , Veen J V D , Vlooswijk H A A , Wester J , Sixma J J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryVarious tests were evaluated for their capacity to differentiate between platelet suspensions with different degrees of cell damage. Those suspensions were prepared by simultaneous isolation of platelets from the same platelet-rich plasma (PRP) using the following procedures:1. centrifugation at 4°C with EDTA2. gel filtration in Tangen’s buffer3. gel filtration in Ca2+-free Tyrode’s solution4. gel filtration in Ca2+-free Tyrode followed by dehydration against polyethylene glycol 20,000 and5. albumin density gradient centrifugation.In these suspensions and in the original PRP the following parameters were studied: 1. morphology; 2. aggregability upon ADP addition; 3. platelet factor 3 availability; 4. uptake of 14C-serotonin and 3H-adenine; 5. metabolism of 3H-adenine and adenylate energy charge; 6. endogenous total ATP, ADP and serotonin and 7. lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity.Quantitation of pseudopod formation in the light or electron microscope and log dose response studies for ADP-induced aggregation proved to be the most sensitive and reproducible of the tests studied. Additional information could be obtained from measurement of the 3H-label in the ATP and hypoxanthine-inosine fractions and calculation of the adenylate energy charge. Determination of platelet factor 3 availability or uptake studies of 14C-serotonin and 3H-adenine were less suitable for discriminating between cell suspensions. Data for total ATP and serotonin concentrations and LDH activity differed between the cell suspensions but instead of detecting various degrees of cell damage they reflected alterations in platelet population caused by the isolation procedures.
On the Preparation of Bovine α-Thrombin
Authors: Workman Erwin F , Lundblad Roger L 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn improved method for the preparation of bovine α-thrombin is described. The procedure involves the activation of partially purified prothrombin with tissue thromboplastin followed by chromatography on Sulfopropyl-Sephadex C-50. The purified enzyme is homogeneous on polyacrylamide discontinuous gel electrophoresis and has a specific activity toward fibrinogen of 2,200–2,700 N.I.H. U/mg. Its stability on storage in liquid media is dependent on both ionic strenght and temperature. Increasing ionic strength and decreasing temperature result in optimal stability. The denaturation of α-thrombin by guanidine hydrochloride was found to be a partially reversible process with the renatured species possessing properties similar to “aged” thrombin. In addition, the catalytic properties of a-thrombin covalently attached to agarose gel beads were also examined. The activity of the immobilized enzyme toward fibrinogen was affected to a much greater extent than was the hydrolysis of low molecular weight, synthetic substrates.
The Preparation of Control Blood for External Quality Assessment Programs in Oral Anticoagulant Control
Authors: van Dijk-Wierda C A , van Halem-Visser L P , van der Hoeff-van Halem R , Loeliger E A 
Published: July 2018

SummaryA method is described for the preparation of blood samples differing in coagulability, now used for external quality control in The Netherlands by laboratories employing thrombotest for the assessment of oral anticoagulant agents.
Preparation and Evaluation of an Antiserum to the Carboxymethylated Aα Chain of Human Fibrinogen
Authors: Conkie J A , Davidson J F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAntiserum to the carboxymethylated Aα chain of human fibrinogen has been produced in rabbits and its reactions investigated in a double diffusion system. The antiserum reacts with the carboxymethylated Aα chains, but not with carboxymethylatedγ chains, nor with carboxymethylated Bβ chains, provided that the antiserum had been absorbed with carboxymethylated Bβ chains.The antiserum also reacts with Aα chains in the whole fibrinogen molecule, either in plasma or in the purified form, and spur formation was observed when intact fibrinogen was compared with high solubility fibrinogen, which contained little or no intact Aα chain.
The Determination of Antithrombin III
Authors: Bounameaux H , Duckert F , Walter M , Bounameaux Y 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAt III levels were measured with six methods in 36 people: 10 healthy controls, 10 women taking a progestagen Lynestrenol and 16 women taking a combined oestrogen-progestagen contraceptive pill.The reproducibility and the sensitivity of these methods as well as the correlation between methods were studied.The Hensen and Loeliger technique had a poor reproducibility and the results obtained with the Howie technique were not in good correlation with those obtained with the other methods, especially in the group taking oral contraceptives. The two amidolytic methods using chromogenic substrates were found to be very accurate for antithrombin III activity determination. The rocket Immunoelectrophoresis was more accurate and more practical than the radial immunodiffusion.With all methods - except the one of Howie–the 10 women taking progestagen Lynestrenol and the 16 taking combined oestrogen-progestagen had a low AT III and differed significantly from the 10 normals tested. No difference was observed between women taking progestagen only or an oestrogen-progestagen combination.
Plasminogen Activator Levels in Plasma and Urine during Exercise and Oral Contraceptive Use
Authors: Hedlin Anne M , Milojevic Susan , Korey Andrew 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effect of Demulen (ethinyl estradiol 0.05 mg and ethynodiol diacetate 1 mg) and exercise on the level of plasminogen activators was studied in 25 women (12 controls and 13 contraceptive users).Plasma plasminogen activator level was increased by the use of the oral contraceptive and further increased by exercise. Urine plasminogen activator level was unchanged by the use of Demulen but, in both groups of subjects, was decreased by exercise.
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase and Epinephrine-Induced Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Rossi Ennio C , Louis Gerlinde , Bieber Martha , Zeller E Albert 
Published: July 2018

SummaryPlatelet MAO activity and the aggregation response to epinephrine, ADP, and collagen were measured in normal subjects. There was a direct correlation between the amount of platelet MAO activity and the per cent aggregation induced by 1 and 2 μM epinephrine. There were lesser correlations between platelet MAO and ADP or collagen-induced aggregation. These findings suggest that platelet MAO may play a role in determining the response of human platelets to epinephrine.
The Effect of Small Organic Anions on Aggregation and Shape Change of Rabbit Platelets
Authors: Anderson Esther R , Foulks J G 
Published: July 2018

SummarySufficient concentrations of small organic anions inhibited ADP- or 5-HT-induced shape change and aggregation in rabbit PRP diluted with isotonic salt solutions. Both effects were concentration-dependent and varied with the size of the hydrocarbon chain. Carboxylate and sulfonate anions of corresponding size produced a similar degree of interference with aggregation but carboxylates were somewhat more effective than sulfonates in impairing shape change. The inhibitory effect of these anions was not potentiated by a phosphodiesterase inhibitor and therefore was not attributable to adenylate cyclase activation.The inhibition of shape change by both series of anions was enhanced at acid pH, an effect which was greater with carboxylates than with alkyl sulfonates. The pH dependence of shape change on the alkaline side of the optimum range was unaffected by either type of anion. These results show that organic anions exert their inhibitory effects on platelets at least in part at the external platelet surface, and that their effects can be influenced by the degree of dissociations of protonatable membrane groups. Hence, surface negative charge and hydrophobic interactions both play an important role in platelet functional responses and their modification by organic anions. The inhibition of aggregation by these anions was opposed by the addition of calcium. Kinetic analysis indicated that both activation of aggregation by Ca++ and inhibition of aggregation by organic anions involved more than one site or mechanism of action. The more sensitive inhibitory effect was surmounted by increased Ca++ concentrations without apparent alteration in the affinity of Ca++ binding sites and competitive antagonism was evident only at high concentrations of organic anions. A simple model to account for these effects is proposed.