bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of antipyretic activity of Belladonna and Pyrogenium ultrahigh dilutions in induced fever model
Authors: Ahmad Saeed , Abbasi Waheed Mumtaz , Rehman Tayyeba 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background

Belladonna and Pyrogenium are commonly used to treat fever in homeopathy. But in vivo antipyretic activity of these medicines is not reported yet. The study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrahigh dilutions of Belladonna (Bell) and Pyrogenium (Pyro) in fever model of rabbits induced by Baker's yeast.

Methods
Healthy, local strain rabbits (♂ and ♀) were divided into seven groups (n=42): Normal control, negative control, standard control, pyro 1000c, pyro 200c, Bell 1000c and Bell 200c. Fever was induced by intra peritoneal injection of 135 mg/kg Baker’s yeast suspension. Rectal temperature was measured hourly. All the medicines were administered once a day. The results were expressed as mean ± SEM. ANOVA and least significant difference post hoc test were applied for checking the level of significance, p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant statistically.

Results

Pyro in both potencies significantly reduced fever in rabbits compared to negative control group, while both potencies of Bell were ineffective. Paracetamol and Pyro 1000c reduced by 1.2 °C (39.7 ± 0.1 to 38.5 ± 0.1), while Pyro 200c reduced by 1 °C temperature (39.7 ± 0.5 to 38.7 ± 0.2).

Conclusions

Pyro possesses marked antipyretic activity in rabbit’s Baker's yeast fever model. It would embolden its clinical use in fever with more guarantee of its efficacy. However, caveat of small sample size necessitates replication of experiment in large sample size.
Small for gestational age and extremely low birth weight infant outcomes
Authors: Charles Elinor , Hunt Katie A. , Harris Christopher , Hickey Ann , Greenough Anne 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Small for gestational age (SGA) infants are less likely to develop respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), but more likely to develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and have a higher mortality. Our aim was to focus on outcomes of those with a birth weight less than or equal to 750 g.

Methods
The mortality, BPD severity, necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), home oxygen requirement and length of hospital stay were determined according to SGA status of all eligible infants in a 5-year period admitted within the first 24 h after birth.

Results
The outcomes of 84 infants were assessed, and 35 (42%) were SGA. The SGA infants were more mature (P<0.001), had a lower birth weight centile (P<0.001) and a greater proportion exposed to antenatal corticosteroids (P=0.022). Adjusted for gestational age (GA), there was no significant difference in mortality between the two groups (P=0.242), but a greater proportion of the SGA infants developed severe BPD (P=0.025). The SGA infants had a lower weight z-score at discharge (−3.64 vs. −1.66) (P=0.001), but a decrease in z-score from birth to discharge was observed in both groups (median −1.53 vs. −1.07, P=0.256).

Conclusion
Despite being more mature, the SGA infants had a similar mortality rate and a greater proportion developed severe BPD.
Impact of a 12-Week Postgraduate Training Course on the Body Composition and Physical Abilities of Police Trainees
Authors: Čvorović Aleksandar , Kukić Filip , Orr Robin M. , Dawes J. Jay , Jeknić Velimir , Stojković Miloš 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Čvorović, A, Kukić, F, Orr, RM, Dawes, JJ, Jeknić, V, and Stojković, M. Impact of a 12-week postgraduate training course on the body composition and physical abilities of police trainees. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 826–832, 2021—The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of a 12-week physical training program on police trainees at the Abu Dhabi Police College. Anthropometric and fitness testing data for 325 healthy trainees, enrolled in an academic course for qualification as a police officer, were analyzed. The trainees were tested 3 times, during the initial (week 1), midpoint (week 7), and final testing (week 13) phases of the training program. The tested variables included anthropometry (body mass [BM]), body composition (body mass index [BMI]; waist circumference [WC]; waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]), upper-body muscular endurance (1-minute push-up [PU]), trunk muscular endurance (1-minute sit-up [SU]), and aerobic endurance (2.4-km run [RUN]). A 1-way analysis of variance with post hoc Bonferroni adjustment was performed to investigate the changes in anthropometry and fitness across the 3 testing periods with percentages of change calculated at each testing stage. Alpha levels were set at 0.05 a priori. Statistically significant differences (range of p values from p < 0.001 to p < 0.05) were found in all tested variables (BM, BMI, WC, WHtR, PU, SU, and RUN) and between all testing stages (initial, midpoint, and final). A progressive physical training program that incorporates mesocycles and midpoint evaluations can have a positive impact on the fitness of trainees even when undergoing a busy academy program.
Differences in the Electromyographic Activity of Lower-Body Muscles in Hip Thrust Variations
Authors: Collazo García César L. , Rueda Javier , Suárez Luginick Bruno , Navarro Enrique 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Collazo García, CL, Rueda, J, Suárez Luginick, B, Navarro, E. Differences in the electromyographic activity of lower-body muscles in hip thrust variations. J Strength Cond Res 34(9): 2449–2455, 2020—Coaches often use variations of an exercise to train a specific muscle. The purpose of this study was to analyze motor patterns in 4 variations of one of the most popular strength training exercises for the lower body: the barbell hip thrust. Seven experienced personal trainers performed a series of 8 repetitions of each variation with a load of 40% one repetition maximum. Subjects rested 3′ between series. Electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity was measured in the rectus femoris, vastus medialis; vastus lateralis; gluteus maximus; gluteus medius; biceps femoris; and semitendinosus. Variations of the hip thrust exercise were performed by changing the position of the feet (feet were moving away from the body) and the direction of force exerted by subjects (intentional force aimed at hip's external rotation and knee's flexion). Repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significant differences in EMG in all muscles except for the gluteus medius, where no differences were observed among variations. The results obtained suggest that hip thrust variations have different motor patterns, which can be exploited to adapt an exercise to the individual needs of each athlete.
Response Time and Effectiveness in Elite Greco-Roman Wrestlers Under Simulated Fight Conditions
Authors: Gierczuk Dariusz , Bujak Zbigniew , Cieśliński Igor , Lyakh Vladimir , Sadowski Jerzy 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Gierczuk, D, Bujak, Z, Cieśliński, I, Lyakh, V, and Sadowski, J. Response time and effectiveness in elite Greco-Roman wrestlers under simulated fight conditions. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3442–3449, 2018—The purpose of the study was to determine changes in response time and its correlations with tactical and technical actions performed by Greco-Roman wrestlers in a fight. Twenty wrestlers aged 19–25 (21.4

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201812000-00017/inline-formula1/v/2023-08-19T002809Z/r/image-tiff

1.8) years were divided into 2 groups, i.e., finalists of Polish Senior Championships (winners of 1st and 2nd places) and wrestlers who won 3rd–6th places in those competitions. The subjects from 1 group were individually paired with the wrestlers from the other group according to the same weight class. Response time before a fight and during the intervals between the 3 rounds was assessed. Batak Lite (test IV) was used in the study. The Polar M400 watch was used to register heart rate. Response time changed during a fight. The finalists showed significantly quicker reaction and performed a higher number of technical and tactical actions. The differences grew in the course of a fight, and the largest ones were observed during the third round. The strongest correlations were noted between response time and the number of technical and tactical actions performed during the third round (r = 0.77, p < 0.001). Response time is a significant determinant of wrestlers' results, which can be observed at submaximal intensity of the effort (176–195 b·min−1) during a fight.
Athletic Profile of Alpine Ski Racers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ferland Pierre-Marc , Comtois Alain S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Ferland, PM and Comtois, AS. Athletic profile of alpine ski racers: a systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3591–3600, 2018—The purpose of this study was to review all anthropometric and physical test results performed on alpine ski racers that were published in the scientific literature to build an athletic profile specific to the skier's sex and level. Four electronic databases were systematically searched using the following key words: alpine, skiing, and physiology. The manual search was performed through the reference list of all suitable publications, the author's personal collection, and the proceedings of the International Congresses on Science and Skiing. The search and selection strategy permitted to gather data from 28 peer-reviewed publications that were collected on a total of 1,107 skiers coming from 11 different countries. Results of this study present the athletic profile and also review the different testing protocols. Findings show that men generally present higher test results than women and that higher-level ski racers generally present higher test results than lower-level ski racers. The present review should serve as guidelines for professionals working with alpine ski racers because most of the factors presented in the athletic profile have previously been shown to be related with performance. Further research should include more details on the testing protocols used, be directed toward female athletes, and present results from groups of athletes of the same sex and clearly identified as established at a certain level. These measures could help support further theoretical investigations.
Oxygen Uptake Slow Component and the Efficiency of Resistance Exercises
Authors: Garnacho-Castaño Manuel V. , Albesa-Albiol Lluis , Serra-Payá Noemí , Gomis Bataller Manuel , Pleguezuelos Cobo Eulogio , Guirao Cano Lluis , Guodemar-Pérez Jesús , Carbonell Teresa , Domínguez Raúl , Maté-Muñoz José Luis 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Garnacho-Castaño, MV, Albesa-Albiol, L, Serra-Payá, N, Gomis Bataller, M, Pleguezuelos Cobo, E, Guirao Cano, L, Guodemar-Pérez, J, Carbonell, T, Domínguez, R, and Maté-Muñoz, JL. Oxygen uptake slow component and the efficiency of resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1014–1022, 2021—This study aimed to evaluate oxygen uptake slow component (V̇o
2sc) and mechanical economy/efficiency in half squat (HS) exercise during constant-load tests conducted at lactate threshold (LT) intensity. Nineteen healthy young men completed 3 HS exercise tests separated by 48-hour rest periods: 1 repetition maximum (1RM), incremental-load HS test to establish the %1RM corresponding to the LT, and constant-load HS test at the LT. During the last test, cardiorespiratory, lactate, and mechanical responses were monitored. Fatigue in the lower limbs was assessed before and after the constant-load test using a countermovement jump test. A slight and sustained increase of the V̇o
2sc and energy expended (EE) was observed (p < 0.001). In blood lactate, no differences were observed between set 3 to set 21 (p > 0.05). A slight and sustained decrease of half squat efficiency and gross mechanical efficiency (GME) was detected (p < 0.001). Significant inverse correlations were observed between V̇o
2 and GME (r = −0.93, p < 0.001). Inverse correlations were detected between EE and GME (r = −0.94, p < 0.001). Significant losses were observed in jump height ability and in mean power output (p < 0.001) in response to the constant-load HS test. In conclusion, V̇o
2sc and EE tended to rise slowly during constant-load HS exercise testing. This slight increase was associated with lowered efficiency throughout constant-load test and a decrease in jump capacity after testing. These findings would allow to elucidate the underlying fatigue mechanisms produced by resistance exercises in a constant-load test at LT intensity.
Web-Based Exercise Program Increases Cervical Strength in Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Wilson Julie C. , Levek Claire , Daoud Ariel K. , Brewer Matthew , Brooks Katelyn , Sochanska Ada , Randall Melissa , Provance Aaron J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Wilson, JC, Levek, C, Daoud, AK, Brewer, M, Brooks, K, Sochanska, A, Randall, M, and Provance, AJ. Web-based exercise program increases cervical strength in adolescent athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(4): 1149–1155, 2021—This cohort study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a web-based 6-week cervical strengthening program on cervical strength in adolescent athletes. It was hypothesized that subjects completing the program would demonstrate significant increase in cervical muscle strength compared with baseline strength. Eighty-three high school soccer athlete subjects were recruited from 2 local nationally competitive soccer clubs. Teams were assigned to either control or intervention groups to minimize information crossover. Fifty subjects were recruited to the intervention group (29 male, 21 female; average age 15.1 years). Thirty-three subjects were recruited to the control group (21 male, 12 female; average age 15.1 years). Intervention group subjects completed a web-based progressive cervical strengthening program over 6 weeks. Cervical strength in flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion (LLF) was measured in Newton (N) of force at 3 time points during the competitive season for both control and intervention groups. Intervention group subjects significantly increased cervical strength [mean difference (95% confidence interval)] in LLF [24.1 (15.9–32.4)], extension [27.9 (18.4–37.5)], right lateral flexion [18.8 (11.6–26.1)], and flexion [mean ratio: 1.2 (1.1–1.2)] at follow-up testing; whereas control subjects did not see significant changes in strength. A web-based progressive cervical strengthening program improves cervical muscular strength in a population of adolescent athletes over a period of 6 weeks. Such a program could be used by researchers in future studies evaluating the influence on concussion risk and by practitioners as a means of reducing sport-related head and neck injuries.
Influence of the ACTN3 Genotype and the Exercise Intensity on the Respiratory Exchange Ratio and Excess Oxygen Consumption After Exercise
Authors: de L. Corrêa Hugo , Ribeiro Heitor S. , Maya Áthila T. D. , Neves Rodrigo P. , de Moraes Milton R. , Lima Ricardo M. , Nóbrega Otávio T. , Ferreira Aparecido P. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
de L. Corrêa, H, Ribeiro, HS, Maya, ÁTD, Neves, RP, de Moraes, MR, Lima, RM, Nóbrega, OT, and Ferreira, AP. Influence of the ACTN3 genotype and the exercise intensity on the respiratory exchange ratio and excess oxygen consumption after exercise. J Strength Cond Res 35(5): 1380–1388, 2021—This study aimed to assess the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after high-intensity interval training and continuous moderate-intensity aerobic training in accordance with the ACTN3 genotype. A cross-sectional study with 30 physically active individuals who participated in 3 experimental sessions, as follows: a high-intensity interval aerobic exercise, for 3 minutes at 115% anaerobic threshold, with 90 seconds of passive recovery; a continuous moderate-intensity aerobic exercise at 85% anaerobic threshold; and a control session. Respiratory exchange ratio and V̇o
2 were obtained through an indirect, calorimetry-based gas analysis method, using a breath-by-breath approach, assessed at baseline, during the trials, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours after exercise. We found that lower postexercise RER values were observed only in subjects with the X allele, in both the high- and the moderate-intensity training protocols. Homozygous RR subjects showed no differences in postexercise RER compared with the scores at the control day. After both sessions of exercise, EPOC levels were higher compared with scores at the control day for 2 hours among X allele carriers, and only in the first hour among RR homozygous. Thus, the RER and EPOC presented different responses after moderate and intense exercise according to the ACTN3 genotype. Moreover, individuals with the X allele of the ACTN3 gene show a higher oxidation of fats in the postexercise period.
Az Eurotransplant-csatlakozás első öt éve Magyarországon
Authors: Langer Róbert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract: The author concludes lessons learned from Hungary joining Eurotransplant five years ago through the more than half a century history of the Hungarian organ transplantation. The result of the stepwise evolution is that today’s transplantation activity can be measured by a European benchmark. In comparison to the era before the membership, there are 40% more transplantations in the country. First the numbers of the living donor kidney transplantations significantly raised, followed by the organs transplanted from brain-dead donors: kidney, heart, pancreas, then liver and finally also lung. The ratio of the multiorgan donors changed from about 40% to more than 70%. A reassuring solution was found for the high urgent cases, for the paediatric transplants and for the highly immunized patients, who would have been in a desperate situation without Eurotransplant, but now every Hungarian end-stage organ failure patient has similar chances for getting a potential life-saving organ as their former luckier West-European counterparts. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(42): 1695–1699.
Två artskilda perioder för pedagogisk forskning
Authors: Englund Tomas 
Published: October 2018

How might we explain and understand Swedish educational policy and the development of the Swedish school system, from the comprehensive, equality-oriented direction introduced in the early 1960s to the fragmented and divided system of today? In the following I will claim that two fundamentally different educational policy periods can be discerned. The first coincides with the first three decades of the comprehensive school system, from 1962 to 1989, the second with the three decades from 1989/1990 to the present. These two periods have created quite different conditions for the work of schools, and also for educational research. The crucial reforms laying the foundations for the shift in educational policy between the two periods were heavily influenced and inspired by the transnational emphasis in the late 1980s on the individual rights set out in international conventions, implying a parental right to educational authority.
In recent decades, the consequences of this shift have manifested themselves in a partly privatised and marketized school system, characterised and driven by a logic clearly distinguished from the ideals and aspirations underpinning the struggles of the earlier period for a democratic and equality-oriented school system.
Didaktiken som en ny, utbildningsvetenskaplig skärningspunkt
Authors: Selander Staffan 
Published: October 2018

För drygt hundra år sedan frigjordes de pedagogiska frågorna från den filosofiska domänen. 1910 tillträdde Bertil Hammer som vårt lands förste professor i pedagogik. Ett av de skäl som angavs för denna professur var lärarutbildningens behov av vetenskaplig förankring. Hammer skrev fram ett ambitiöst program, där pedagogiken skulle omfatta kunskaper om lärande (psykologi), kunskaper om utbildning och samhälle (historia/sociologi) samt kunskaper om vad som kan anses rätt och gott (filosofi).
Det skulle dock gå många år innan hela detta program realiserades fullt ut. Pedagogiken förblev fram till 1950-talet förankrad i psykologin. På 1960-talet diskuterades de sociala aspekterna allt livligare (en diskussion som inom disciplinen började med Urban Dahllöfs arbeten och sedan utvidgades, med delvis annan riktning, av Ulf P. Lundgren), och först på 1990-talet slog de filosofiska aspekterna igenom (med början i Tomas Englunds pragmatiska inriktning, följt av bland andra Klas Roth).
1996 inrättades landets första professur i didaktik, intressant nog med liknande motivering som den första professuren i pedagogik – i syfte att stärka lärarutbildningens vetenskapliga grund. Då jag tillträdde denna professur var det pedagogiska landskapet som ett slagfält med åsiktslinjer och skyttegravar, och jag fick diverse frågor om vilken sida jag stod på: pedagogikens eller didaktikens, didaktikens eller ämnesdidaktikens, det pedagogiska arbetets eller utbildningssociologins sida och så vidare. Men min uppgift var inte, som jag såg det, att välja sida. Snarare ville jag som ämnesföreträdare utveckla något nytt. Det vid den tiden nyvaknade intresset för ämnesdidaktiska frågor (som Ference Marton redan under 1980-talet hade diskuterat i termer av fack-didaktik), liksom de professionsorienterade frågorna, utgjorde en ny fond för mitt intresse. Härutöver utgjorde frågor om språk, social-semiotik och multimodalitet ett intressant område för att förstå kunskapsrepresentationer och lärande, något som också utgjorde ett nytt perspektiv på frågan om lärande: synen på lärande som teckenskapande och meningsskapande kommunikation i stället för en fråga om individuell begåvning, kapacitet eller förmåga. Men ämnesdidaktiken bidrog även med kunskaper kring lärande av olika kunskapsområden, vilket i sin tur gav upphov till nya frågor jämfört med synen på lärande som en generell förmåga. Och allt detta påverkade i sin tur synen på lärararbetet.
Så småningom sammanlänkades allt detta för mig i ett design-orienterat perspektiv på undervisning och lärande. Jag vill berätta denna historia ur ett högst personligt perspektiv. Hela det didaktiska fältet är mångfacetterat och fyllt av allehanda traditioner. Här vill jag berätta om min egen väg – i termer av tre olika ”vändningar”. Dessa vändningar är förstås påverkade av sin tid, men i viss mån har jag också bidragit till dessa vändningar.