bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induced expression of the Fragaria × ananassa Rapid alkalinization factor‐33‐like gene decreases anthracnose ontogenic resistance of unripe strawberry fruit stages
Authors: Merino Maria Cecilia , Guidarelli Michela , Negrini Francesca , De Biase Dario , Pession Annalisa , Baraldi Elena 
Published: July 2019

SummaryRapid alkalinization factor (RALF) genes encode for ubiquitous small peptides that stimulate apoplastic alkalinization through interaction with malectin‐like receptor kinase. RALF peptides may act as negative regulators of plant immune response, inhibiting the formation of the signal receptor complex for immune activation. Recently RALF homologues were identified in different fungal pathogen genomes contributing to host infection ability. Here, FaRALF‐33‐like gene expression was evaluated in strawberry fruits inoculated with Colletotrichum acutatum, Botrytis cinerea, or Penicillium expansum after 24 and 48 h post‐infection. To investigate the role of FaRALF‐33‐like in strawberry susceptibility, transient transformation was used to overexpress it in white unripe fruits and silence it in red ripe fruits. Agroinfiltrated fruits were inoculated with C. acutatum and expression, and histological analysis of infection were performed. Silencing of FaRALF‐33‐like expression in C. acutatum‐inoculated red fruits led to a delay in fruit colonization by the fungal pathogen, and infected tissues showed less penetrated infective hyphae than in wild‐type fruits. In contrast, C. acutatum‐inoculated white unripe fruits overexpressing the FaRALF‐33‐like gene decreased the ontogenic resistance of these fruits, leading to the appearance of disease symptoms and penetrated subcuticular hyphae, normally absent in white unripe fruits. The different response of transfected strawberry fruits to C. acutatum supports the hypothesis that the FaRALF‐33‐like gene plays an important role in the susceptibility of fruits to the fungal pathogen C. acutatum.
Low capacity to oxidize fat and body weight
Authors: Péronnet François , Haman François 
Published: July 2019

SummaryFor a given positive energy balance, a low capacity to oxidize fat could contribute to weight gain (low fat oxidation hypothesis). This hypothesis is based on the arguments that for a given stable diet and food quotient (FQ), the respiratory quotient (RQ) is higher in obesity prone (OP) than in obesity resistant individuals (OR) and that a high RQ predicts higher future weight gain. A review of 42 studies shows that there is no convincing experimental support to these arguments and thus for the low fat oxidation hypothesis. A power analysis also shows that this hypothesis might be impossible to experimentally confirm because very large numbers of subjects would be needed to reject the null hypotheses that the 24‐h RQ is not different in OP and OR or that future weight gain is not different in individuals with a low and high 24‐h RQ at baseline. A re‐examination of the significance of the 24‐hour and fasting RQ also shows that the assumption underlying the low fat oxidation hypothesis that a high RQ reflects a low capacity to oxidize fat is not valid: For a stable diet, the 24‐h RQ entirely depends on FQ and energy balance, and the fasting RQ mainly depends on the FQ and energy balance and on the size of glycogen stores.
Cognitive training on eating behaviour and weight loss: A meta‐analysis and systematic review
Authors: Yang Yingkai , Shields Grant S. , Wu Qian , Liu Yanling , Chen Hong , Guo Cheng 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCognitive deficits play a role in the development and maintenance of overeating and obesity, and cognitive training in obesity refers to a family of interventions aimed at reducing overeating and obesity by improving these cognitive deficits. In this review, we synthesize the current literature on these issues by conducting a meta‐analysis of studies investigating the effects of cognitive trainings on eating behaviour and presenting a systematic review of studies investigating the effects of cognitive trainings on weight loss. We examined 66 independent experiments that examined the effects of cognitive training aimed at reducing cognitive bias or improving executive control on eating behaviour and weight loss. Overall, inhibition training, attention bias modification training, and episodic future thinking training significantly influenced eating behaviour; however, approach/avoidance training did not significantly influence eating behaviour. Moderator analyses indicated that the effect of inhibition training on eating behaviour was moderated by training task and food novelty, the effect of approach/avoidance training was moderated by food type, and the effect of episodic future thinking training was moderated by type of episodic future thinking. Literature reviewed on cognitive training and weight loss provided preliminary support for the effects of food‐specific inhibition training on weight loss from pre‐intervention to post intervention. However, because most of the included studies focused on short‐term outcomes in normal‐weight samples, longer duration studies in clinical populations (eg, individuals with obesity) are needed to examine the generalizability of these results.
Transvenous retrograde reposition of an atrial lead
Authors: Ekizler Firdevs Aysenur , Cay Serkan , Ozeke Ozcan , Ozcan Firat , Aras Dursun , Topaloglu Serkan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPacemaker lead dislodgement is one of the most undesired complications of pacemaker implantation. Repeated procedures are associated with an increased risk of complications, such as pocket infection, pneumothorax, and hematoma. We present a case who experienced dislodgement of the atrial pacemaker lead of a cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator implantation device, which was corrected using a steerable ablation catheter by the transfemoral route
Comparison of standard vs modified “figure‐of‐eight” suture to achieve femoral venous hemostasis after cryoballoon based atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Yorgun Hikmet , Canpolat Uğur , Ates Ahmet Hakan , Oksul Metin , Sener Yusuf Ziya , Akkaya Fatih , Aytemir Kudret 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundImmediate hemostasis following removal of sheaths is essential to prevent access site complications after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Despite various precautions to achieve complete hemostasis in a safe and effective manner, no standard approach is present yet.ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of standard vs modified figure‐of‐eight (sFoE vs mFoE) suture for immediate venous hemostasis after cryoballoon (CB) AF ablation.MethodsA total of 150 patients who underwent CB catheter ablation were sequentially allocated to either sFoE (n = 75) or mFoE (n = 75) suture to achieve immediate venous hemostasis at right femoral access site after 15 Fr sheath removal. A “three‐way stopcock” was used in the mFoE group rather than tying the knot as in a sFoE group. Demographics, clinical and procedural data, and access site complications were recorded.ResultsImmediate haemostasis was achieved in all patients (n = 75) with mFoE suture as compared to 90.7% (n = 68) of sFoE suture group (P < .001). Light manual pressure of ≤1 min was required in five patients (6.7%) due to looseness and conventional manual compression because of the snapped silk suture during knotting was required in two patients (2.6%) in the sFoE group. Time to hemostasis was shorter in the mFoE group (P < .001), but time to ambulation and time to discharge were similar in both groups (P > .05). Although no minor or major access site complication has occurred in the mFoE group, in‐hospital rebleeding (n = 2, 2.7%) and early local access site infection (n = 2, 2.7%) were observed in the sFoE group.ConclusionThe mFoE suture using three‐way stopcock is an available, effective, maybe safe, and time‐ and cost‐saving alternative technique to achieve immediate hemostasis after removal of 15 Fr right femoral venous sheath in patients undergoing cryoablation.
Beneficial microbes going underground of root immunity
Authors: Yu Ke , Pieterse Corné M.J. , Bakker Peter A.H.M. , Berendsen Roeland L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlant roots interact with an enormous diversity of commensal, mutualistic, and pathogenic microbes, which poses a big challenge to roots to distinguish beneficial microbes from harmful ones. Plants can effectively ward off pathogens following immune recognition of conserved microbe‐associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). However, such immune elicitors are essentially not different from those of neutral and beneficial microbes that are abundantly present in the root microbiome. Recent studies indicate that the plant immune system plays an active role in influencing rhizosphere microbiome composition. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that root‐invading beneficial microbes, including rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza, evade or suppress host immunity to establish a mutualistic relationship with their host. Evidence is accumulating that many free‐living rhizosphere microbiota members can suppress root immune responses, highlighting root immune suppression as an important function of the root microbiome. Thus, the gate keeping functions of the plant immune system are not restricted to warding off root‐invading pathogens but also extend to rhizosphere microbiota, likely to promote colonization by beneficial microbes and prevent growth‐defense tradeoffs triggered by the MAMP‐rich rhizosphere environment.
Effects of native language experience on Mandarin lexical tone processing in proficient second language learners
Authors: Yu Keke , Li Li , Chen Yuan , Zhou Yacong , Wang Ruiming , Zhang Yang , Li Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLearning the acoustic and phonological information in lexical tones is significant for learners of tonal languages. Although there is a wealth of knowledge from studies of second language (L2) tone learning, it remains unclear how L2 learners process acoustic versus phonological information differently depending on whether their first language (L1) is a tonal language. In the present study, we first examined proficient L2 learners of Mandarin with tonal and nontonal L1 in a behavioral experiment (identifying a Mandarin tonal continuum) to construct tonal contrasts that could differentiate the phonological from the acoustic information in Mandarin lexical tones for the L2 learners. We then conducted an ERP experiment to investigate these learners’ automatic processing of acoustic and phonological information in Mandarin lexical tones by mismatch negativity (MMN). Although both groups of L2 learners showed similar behavioral identification features for the Mandarin tonal continuum as native speakers, L2 learners with nontonal L1, as compared with both native speakers and L2 learners with tonal L1, showed longer reaction time to the tokens of the Mandarin tonal continuum. More importantly, the MMN data further revealed distinct roles of acoustic and phonological information on the automatic processing of L2 lexical tones between the two groups of L2 learners. Taken together, the results indicate that the processing of acoustic and phonological information in L2 lexical tones may be modulated by L1 experience with a tonal language. The theoretical implications of the current study are discussed in light of models of L2 speech learning.
Entrepreneurship in the Policy Process: Linking Behavior and Context through a Systematic Review of the Policy Entrepreneurship Literature
Authors: Frisch‐Aviram Neomi , Beeri Itai , Cohen Nissim 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHow do different policy environments influence the choice of policy entrepreneurship (PE) strategies? Using data collected from a systematic review of the PE literature, the authors identify subcomponents of the three streams of the policy process and empirically test the relationship between dominance of each stream and PE strategies. Findings show that when the political and policy streams dominate, policy entrepreneurs focus on policy formation and policy implementation strategies and not on problem identification and policy evaluation strategies. Surprisingly, there is no correlation between dominance of the problem stream and PE strategies. This should lead to the normative claim that PE is not necessarily a positive phenomenon. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.
What a Difference a Grade Makes: Evidence from New York City's Restaurant Grading Policy
Authors: Rothbart Michah W. , Schwartz Amy Ellen , Calabrese Thad D. , Papper Zachary , Mijanovich Todor , Meltzer Rachel , Silver Diana 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCan governments use grades to induce businesses to improve their compliance with regulations? Does public disclosure of compliance with food safety regulations matter for restaurants? Ultimately, this depends on whether grades matter for the bottom line. Based on 28 months of data on more than 15,000 restaurants in New York City, this article explores the impact of public restaurant grades on economic activity and public resources using rigorous panel data methods, including fixed‐effects models with controls for underlying food safety compliance. Results show that A grades reduce the probability of restaurant closure and increase revenues while increasing sales taxes remitted and decreasing fines relative to B grades. Conversely, C grades increase the probability of restaurant closure and decrease revenues while decreasing sales taxes remitted relative to B grades. These findings suggest that policy makers can incorporate public information into regulations to more strongly incentivize compliance.
A Comparative Study of Gender Representation and Social Outcomes: The Effect of Political and Bureaucratic Representation
Authors: Park Sanghee , Liang Jiaqi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article examines whether gender representation of government leadership in the legislative and executive branches improves social equity related to women's social outcomes and how this effect is moderated by the status of democracy. Using a panel data set on 135 OECD and non‐OECD countries from 2005 to 2015, the analysis shows that in non‐OECD countries, political gender representation has a significant, positive impact on female educational attainment and overall gender equality, while bureaucratic gender representation is significant for educational attainment only. For OECD countries, political representation has a consistent effect on educational attainment, labor force participation, and overall gender equality, but there is no evidence of bureaucratic representation. Democratization plays a more critical role in shaping the relationship between institutional representation and women's social outcomes in non‐OECD countries than their OECD counterparts, where gender equality is attributable to broader social, economic, and cultural factors.
Topic Modeling the Research‐Practice Gap in Public Administration
Authors: Walker Richard M. , Chandra Yanto , Zhang Jiasheng , van Witteloostuijn Arjen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The possible existence of a research‐practice gap is the topic of a long‐standing debate in the field of public administration. In this Viewpoint essay, the authors examine the agendas of scholars and practitioners using the topic modeling technique of computational social science. Topic modeling a content analysis of 35 topics identified in Public Administration Review and PA Times (3,796 articles) showed that just over 50 percent of topics were common to both groups, indicating shared interests. There were, however, topics that the two groups distinctly focused on. Moreover, scholars and practitioners attached significant differences to the weights allocated to the prominent topics in their writing. Taken together, these findings indicate that topic modeling can shed new light on the research‐practice gap in public administration.
Haematological and biochemical analysis of healthy neonatal puppies during the immediate foetal‐to‐neonatal transition
Authors: Lúcio Cristina Fátima , Garcia Silva Liege Cristina , Vannucchi Camila Infantosi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor the neonatal patient, precocity of diagnosis is crucial for effectiveness of medical approach. However, the newborn has its own physiological peculiarities due to ongoing adaptive mechanism for extrauterine life and deserves special attention in order to underline a specific management or clinical approach. The objective of this work was to verify clinical adaptations and biochemical balance of neonates during immediate period, with special reference to haematological, renal and metabolic functions. Neonatal puppies (n = 51) were physically examined for vitality and rectal temperature at birth, 5 and 60 min post‐birth. Blood was collected at birth and 60 min post‐birth for analysis of glucose, sodium, potassium, chlorine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), haematocrit and haemoglobin. Neonatal vitality was lower at birth compared with 5 min and 60 min post‐birth. Progressive decline in rectal temperature (36.5 ± 0.3°C, 34.2 ± 0.2°C, 32.3 ± 0.5°C) was observed at birth, 5 min and 60 min post‐birth, respectively. Puppies presented slight hyponatremia (140.7 ± 0.5 mmol/L) at birth and hypopotassemia (3.5 ± 0.1 mmol/L) and blood urea nitrogen (13.1 ± 0.7 mg/dl) during the first hour, and high haematocrit (45.1 ± 1.0%) and haemoglobin (15.3 ± 0.3 g/dl) concentration. In conclusion, puppies had rapid evolution of vitality. Marked decrease in rectal temperature occurred at 5 min post‐birth. Haematological values of neonates immediately after birth reflected mainly the dam's blood status, not being useful for a blood panel at this time point. The peculiar pattern of BUN, sodium and potassium observed during transition period, suggested that specific reference range should be considered for neonatal puppies.
The copy as original: the presence of the absent Spanish Habsburg king and colonial hybridity
Authors: Osorio Alejandra B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe political culture that defined the Spanish empire was made up of elements that, borrowing from their different points of contact, travelled the world‐around being transformed in the process into a mixed style that defied a clear origin (or original). This political culture was based on sixteenth‐ and seventeenth‐century understandings of the copy as an original that not only made possible the dissemination in the empire of the figure and powers of the absent king by making him ‘present’, but also produced common understandings of his figure, powers, and genesis of the empire. By examining ceremonial deployments of royal simulacra in various cities of the vast Spanish monarchy, and coeval understandings of the copy, this article, argues that the cultural production of this empire cannot be best understood within ahistorical centre‐periphery frameworks of cultural production and/or as derivative colonial phenomena, as do notions of cultural hybridity and of ‘colonial’ art.
Relics, reinvention, and reform in Renaissance Venice: Catherine of Siena's stigmata at the Basilica dei Santi Giovanni e Paolo
Authors: McFarland Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis essay analyses the previously unstudied relic of Catherine of Siena's right foot, and its relationship to religious reform in late fifteenth‐century Venice. The relic was gifted to the Venetian Dominican convent of Santi Giovanni e Paolo by the Order's Master General, Gioacchino Torriani, between 1487 and 1500. The essay argues that Torriani's donation formed part of a broader effort to establish Catherine's status as a legitimate stigmatic, and hence to promote Dominican Observant reform. The final section explores the possible implications of this in the context of the convent space. Using both textual evidence and other Venetian depictions of the saint – in particular Andrea di Bartolo's Catherine of Siena with Four Mantellate and Giovanni Bellini's lost Catherine of Siena altarpiece – the article analyses the differing constructions of Catherine that were disseminated from Santi Giovanni e Paolo in the fifteenth century, contextualizing the stigmata iconography of the relic and reliquary within these images. In so doing, it aims to highlight the multifaceted nature of late fifteenth‐century Dominican reform, and also to emphasise the ways in which material and artistic evidence can reveal complexities in the narratives of Dominican Observance presented in extant archival material.
Political Institutions and Pollution: Evidence from Coal‐Fired Power Generation
Authors: Clark Richard , Zucker Noah , Urpelainen Johannes 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhat is the relationship between political institutions and air pollution generated by the power sector? Here we focus on the association between democracy and power generated from coal, the most polluting of all fossil fuels. Using a new dataset on coal‐fired power plants commissioned between 1980 and 2016 in 71 countries, we find that the relationship between democracy and coal varies according to the environmental Kuznets curve logic. Democratic political institutions at lower levels of economic development are correlated with increased commissioning of coal power plants, as governments seek to appeal to an electorate prioritizing economic growth and affordable energy access. As a country becomes richer, democracy comes to have a negative association with coal power, as clean air becomes a more salient issue for the public.
Firearm Retailers and Suicide: Results from a Survey Assessing Willingness to Engage in Prevention Efforts
Authors: Walton Thomas , Stuber Jennifer 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveFirearms are a highly lethal and commonly used means of suicide. Firearm retailers may be an important group of community members to train as they guide sales and have conversations about firearm‐related laws and safety issues with customers. This study presents findings from the largest survey to date of independently owned firearm retailers (n = 178) in Washington State with the goal of ascertaining the extent of willingness to engage in suicide prevention efforts and factors that may underlie willingness.MethodsDescriptive analyses and logistic regressions assess factors related to self‐reported willingness to engage in suicide prevention activities guided by a well‐tested theoretical model.ResultsRespondents are unaware that suicide is the leading type of firearm fatality and have high levels of exposure to suicide in their personal and professional lives. The majority endorse a willingness to learn and engage in suicide prevention activities. Knowledge about warning signs of suicide and beliefs about the preventability of suicide are predictive of a willingness to engage in prevention efforts. Reluctance to discuss personal issues with customers is negatively associated with willingness to engage in prevention efforts.ConclusionsSuggestions for how to improve outreach to firearm retailers to enhance suicide prevention efforts are discussed.