bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Committee Report: Emerging pathogens–bacteria
Authors:   AWWA Research Division Microbiological Contaminants Research Committee
Published: February 2018

Organisms that may not be well known to water suppliers are highlighted.The AWWA Research Division Microbiological Contaminants Committee reviewed four bacterial microorganisms considered of greatest concern to the water industry: Mycobacterium avium complex, Helicobacter pylori, pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter jejuni. To help the water quality specialist, this report describes each organism; reviews its health effects; summarizes information on its occurrence, waterborne outbreaks, and treatment; discusses analytical procedures; and outlines needed research.
Integrating high‐rate DAF technology into plant design
Authors: Edzwald James K. , Tobiason John E. , Amato Tony , Maggi Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2018

Pilot‐plant studies of DAF technology indicate flocculation times can be shortened and hydraulic loading rates significantly increased without loss of performance.Compared with sedimentation, dissolved‐air flotation (DAF) is a more efficient clarification process for separating floc particles, which are often low in density. This article investigates the use of short flocculation times with high DAF and filter hydraulic loading rates and examines the feasibility of integrating high‐rate DAF technology into water facility design. Research was conducted at pilot scale using two water sources of varying quality. Numerous runs were carried out under extremely conservative cold water conditions of 3‐5oC. The most important research finding is that integration of high‐rate DAF treatment technology is feasible. DAF treatment facilities may be designed and operated with flocculation times of 5 min, DAF hydraulic loading rates of 30‐40 m/h (12‐16 gpm/sq ft) depending on water temperature, and high filtration rates of 20 m/h (8 gpm/sq ft). At higher DAF loading rates, excess air bubbles can be eliminated by internal or external air removal methods.
Using surrogates to improve plant performance
Authors: Nieminski Eva C. , Bellamy William D. , Moss Linda R. 
Published: February 2018

To achieve maximum treatment effectiveness, operators need a tool to determine how well their plants are optimized for pathogen removal.This article presents the results of a study designed to evaluate the use of pathogen surrogates as a tool in treatment optimization and to predict pathogen occurrence. A comprehensive matrix was developed to relate water quality and process variables for 24 potable water sources and 12 possible surrogates to the target pathogens of Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and enteric viruses. No “ideal” surrogate for predicting occurrence of protozoan pathogens or treatment performance was identified because of analytical constraints and low pathogen occurrence. However, it was concluded that aerobic spores and particle counts could be used as surrogate measures to evaluate or improve treatment plant performance. Utilities should select not one but a number of surrogates to assess raw water quality and treatment plant performance.
Modeling DBP formation
Authors: Sung Windsor , Reilley‐Matthews Betsy , O'Day D. Kelly , Horrigan Kristin 
Published: February 2018

Disinfection by‐product concentrations in a transmission system can change in response to downstream treatment processes.Semimechanistic models that describe the formation of disinfection by‐products (DBPs) (including trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids) were developed for the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority, an unfiltered surface water system using chlorine. The model's parameters were hydroxide concentration, chlorine decay kinetics or chlorine reacted, ultraviolet light absorbance at 254 nm, and algae concentration. One of the challenges in estimating or predicting DBP concentrations is that treatment processes at various points in the transmission system have substantial effects on the factors that affect DBP formation and rates of DBP formation. This article describes the formation of total trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids in the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority system and takes into account three treatment processes within the system. Coefficients used in the model were based on monitoring data collected from October 1997 to July 1999 and were validated with monitoring data from August 1999 to January 2000.
Climate and waterborne disease outbreaks
Authors: Rose Joan B. , Daeschner Scott , Easterling David R. , Curriero Frank C. , Lele Subhash , Patz Jonathan A. 
Published: February 2018

This preliminary descriptive study describes the temporal and spatial distribution of US waterborne disease outbreaks using a geographic information system approach in relationship to rainfall.Regional climate change and variability and their effect on water resources have not been the subject of much study. Climate predictions suggest that storms will be of greater intensity and that the average precipitation event is likely to be heavier. Rainfall and runoff have been associated with individual outbreaks of waterborne disease caused by fecal‐oral pathogens. Waterborne disease outbreak data from 1971 through 1994 were analyzed for groundwater and surface water in 2,105 US watersheds. Between 20 and 40 percent of outbreaks were associated with extreme precipitation. This relationship with extreme precipitation was found to be statistically significant for both surface water and groundwater, although it was more apparent with surface water outbreaks. The authors offer recommendations for improving the assessment of changes in water quality and the effect that climate variability and environmental factors have on waterborne disease risk.
Ratiometric Interactions of Anionic Surfactants with Calf Thymus DNA Bound Cationic Surfactants: Study II
Authors: Chaudhuri Tandrima , Pan Animesh , Das Suman , Moulik Satya Priya 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) bind to the calf thymus DNA (ct‐DNA) like anionic biopolymers electrostatically, and establish equilibrium in aqueous medium at pH 7. At low concentration, ct‐DNA does not interact with anionic surfactants, sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecylbenzylsulfonate (SDBS). However, in the ground state, anionic surfactant is found to clearly establish equilibrium with ct‐DNA‐bound cationic surfactant whereby the same surfactant–DNA isosbestic point reappears. We herein report a detail ratiometric binding of CPB with ct‐DNA, and interaction of anionic SDBS with DNA‐bound CPB in comparison with the combined ct‐DNA–CTAB–SDS system. Compaction of ct‐DNA in presence of CPB and its decompaction using anionic SDBS is also studied in comparison with CTAB–SDS combination. The techniques used are tensiometry, spectrophotometry, viscometry, cyclic voltammetry, circular dichroism, isothermal titration calorimetry, and density functional theory (DFT)‐based computational calculations. The size and surface charge density of the surfactant headgroups and the phosphate group in DNA have a contributing role in the DNA compaction–decompaction phenomenon.
Pedigree‐based genetic management improves bison conservation
Authors: Giglio Rachael M. , Ivy Jamie A. , Jones Lee C. , Latch Emily K. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTOverhunting and widespread land use change nearly caused the extinction of North American bison (Bison bison) by the late 1800s. Recovery efforts focused on preserving the remaining individuals and establishing federally managed conservation herds to build more sustainable populations. Today, bison in conservation herds are maintained in small, isolated herds that are managed through an annual or biannual cull of individuals to maintain target population sizes. We assessed alternative culling strategies for maintaining genetic variation over the long term in managed wild bison herds. Our objective was to compare a strategy modeled after a United States Fish and Wildlife Service strategy (all‐allele conservation culling strategy [AAC]) to a pedigree‐based mean kinship strategy (MK) and to a Random strategy that does not incorporate genetic data and is used to manage some conservation herds. We built an individual‐based model, parameterized in accordance with bison biology, to compare these culling strategies in 2 federally managed conservation herds at the Fort Niobrara National Wildlife Refuge (FTN herd) and the National Bison Range (NBR herd). Our MK strategy retained more genetic variation and slowed the accumulation of inbreeding relative to the AAC or Random strategies, and these findings were consistent across wild bison herds with different founding sizes and current genetic diversity. These findings extend previous work demonstrating the utility of pedigree‐based management strategies in captive and wild population management, and show that such strategies maximize the retention of genome‐wide variation in contemporary bison herds. The modeling approach used in this study was useful for assessing outcomes prior to implementation, and the specific models developed for this study can be easily adapted to other managed wildlife species. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Estimating bobcat and Canada lynx distributions in British Columbia
Authors: Gooliaff TJ , Weir Richard D. , Hodges Karen E. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the distribution of a species is useful before undertaking management and conservation actions. Distribution estimates provide ecological insights about a species, and help frame the scope and scale of research questions. However, compiling reliable distribution information is a challenge for elusive mesocarnivores such as bobcats (Lynx rufus) and Canada lynx (L. canadensis). In British Columbia, Canada, bobcats and lynx are key mesocarnivores ecologically and are important furbearers, but their distributions are poorly understood. We compiled and compared 5 independent sources of bobcat and lynx records in British Columbia to gain a better understanding of their provincial distributions: trapping records, hunting records, vehicle‐kill records, trapper surveys, and images solicited from the public. Our objectives were to compare bobcat and lynx distributions derived from each of these data sources, and provide reliable estimates for the distribution of each species in British Columbia between 2008 and 2017. Although each method has unique advantages and limitations, all data sources indicated similar distributions, and each data source provided unique locations for the final distribution maps that we derived. Bobcats were restricted to the southern half of British Columbia, whereas lynx occurred across most of the interior of the province. Bobcat and lynx distributions broadly overlapped in southern British Columbia, but image detections generally occurred at higher elevations for lynx than bobcats. We demonstrate the utility of combining multiple data sources when estimating species distributions, and highlight the usefulness of citizen science in such studies. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Where do ethical responsibilities in editing and publishing lie?
Authors: Glen John W. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTThere are many ethical responsibilities in preparing and publishing a scientific paper. The various responsibilities of authors, referees, editors and publishers are considered. While editors and publishers have a responsibility to seek to identify unethical or fraudulent papers, this is not always possible and primary responsibility for the accuracy of papers must lie with the authors. Editors however have a greater responsibility to try to ensure ethical behaviour in the refereeing process and to draw referees’ attention to the privileged nature of the paper under review. The requirements for the ethical handling of papers by the editors and publishers are also discussed, as are recent developments in public interest in the question of ethics in publishing papers.
NVQs in Publishing: why bother?
Authors: Feest Tim 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTNational Vocational Qualifications, NVQs, have received a mixed reception in the UK and not least in the publishing industry. The background to the introduction and development of NVQs is covered and the process by which the qualifications are implemented, the procedures for assessment and relevant organisations are described. A Unit from one of the Book Publishing NVQs is presented in detail. It is argued that NVQs are an important part of continuing professional development for those in the publishing industry.
Profiling and Imaging of Phospholipids in Brains of Abcd1‐Deficient Mice
Authors: Hama Kotaro , Fujiwara Yuko , Morita Masashi , Yamazaki Fumiyoshi , Nakashima Yuko , Takei Shiro , Takashima Shigeo , Setou Mitsutoshi , Shimozawa Nobuyuki , Imanaka Tsuneo , Yokoyama Kazuaki 
Published: February 2018

AbstractABCD1 is a gene responsible for X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD), and is critical for the transport of very long‐chain fatty acids (VLCFA) into peroxisomes and subsequent β‐oxidation. VLCFA‐containing lipids accumulate in X‐ALD patients, although the effect of ABCD1‐deficiency on each lipid species in the central nervous system has not been fully characterized. In this study, each phospholipid and lysophospholipid species in Abcd1‐deficient mice brains were profiled by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Among the phospholipid and lysophospholipid species that are significantly more enriched in Abcd1‐deficient mice brains, VLCFA were present in 75, 15, 5, 4, and 1 species of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine, respectively. Most VLCFA were incorporated at the sn‐1 position of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Among the phospholipid species that are significantly less enriched in Abcd1‐deficient mice brains, odd‐numbered saturated or mono‐unsaturated fatty acyl moieties are contained in all phosphatidylcholine species. In addition, a number of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine species contained highly unsaturated fatty acyl moieties. Intriguingly, 44:1 phosphatidylcholine with VLCFA was mainly distributed in the gray matter, such as the cortex, but not in the white matter in the cerebrum and cerebellum. These results show that ABCD1‐deficiency causes metabolic alternation of long‐chain fatty acids and VLCFA. Moreover, our results imply a molecular mechanism for the incorporation of saturated or monounsaturated VLCFA into the sn‐1 position of phospholipids, and also indicate that the distribution of phospholipids with VLCFA may correlate with the development of X‐ALD.
Retracted: Early diabetic retinopathy diagnosis based on local retinal blood vessels analysis in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images
Authors: Eladawi Nabila , Elmogy Mohammed , Khalifa Fahmi , Ghazal Mohammed , Ghazi Nicola , Aboelfetouh Ahmed , Riad Alaa , Sandhu Harpal , Schaal Shlomit , El‐Baz Ayman 
Published: February 2018

The above article from Medical Physics, published online on 22 February 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation carried out by the editors due to major overlap with a previously published article: British Journal of Ophthalmology (BJO) (Sandhu HS, Eladawi N, Elmogy M, et al Automated diabetic retinopathy detection using optical coherence tomography angiography: a pilot study, British Journal of Ophthalmology Published Online First: 23 January 2018. doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311489
Current physiotherapy practice in the management of tennis elbow: A service evaluation
Authors: Bateman M. , Whitby E. , Kacha S. , Salt E. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTennis elbow is a common painful condition that may affect daily function and ability to work. Physiotherapy is the most commonly used primary intervention but there is a wide range of treatment options within the umbrella of physiotherapy. Our aim was to report on the treatments that are currently used by physiotherapists in a UK National Health Service (NHS) setting.MethodsA retrospective service evaluation was conducted at two NHS hospital trusts by reviewing patient attendance records over a 1‐year period. All patients with tennis elbow were included, except those referred for postoperative rehabilitation. Patient notes were analysed using a predefined assessment template.ResultsA total of 65 patient records were identified, with patients having a mean age 48 years and mean symptom duration of 5.4 months. The mean treatment duration was 64 days, over 3.7 sessions. The most commonly used treatments were education and exercise, although the type and dosing of exercise varied greatly. Passive modalities such as ice, taping, manual therapy, acupuncture and electrotherapy were still used.ConclusionsWide variations in treatment approaches were identified. There was no consistency in the choice of modality used, the type of exercise or the dose of exercise prescribed. The use of passive modalities and corticosteroid injections was found to remain commonplace, despite a lack of supporting research evidence. There is a clear need for evidence‐based guidance for physiotherapists treating patients with tennis elbow.
Hydrogen Bond‐Directed Molecular Packing and Dual Mechano chromic Luminescence of an Acylhydrazone‐Based Derivative in the Solid State and Its Application in Detection of Al3+ Ion
Authors: Wu Min , Wang Dan , Zheng Jian‐Quan , Fang De‐Cai , Jin Lin‐Pei , Zheng Xiang‐Jun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractN‐(4‐Diethylamino‐2‐hydroxylbenzylidene)‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐naphthohyd‐ razide (H3L) was synthesized at 80 °C and 110 °C, and H3L80 and H3L110 crystals were obtained. They have the same composition. The structural analysis showed that H3L80 and H3L110 are composed of one dimensional supramolecular chains via intermolecular O‐H…O and C‐H…O hydrogen bonds, which are further assembled to supra‐molecular networks through intermolecular C‐H…O bonds between 1D chains, resulting in their unique molecular packing modes. H3L80 crystals emitted at 530 nm and H3L110 crystals emitted at 610 nm under 465 nm light. The largely red‐shifted emission for H3L110 is attributed to the enhancement of molecular planarization and π‐conjugation of H3L110 compared to H3L80. The dual mechanochromic luminescence of H3L80 and H3L110 fluorophor could be reversibly carried out by grinding of H3L80 and H3L110 crystals and subsequent recrystallization of H3L80 and H3L110 samples. The microstructural stability of H3L110 was concentration‐dependent in solutions, such as DMSO, DMF and THF, resulting in change of fluorescence property. But, H3L80 microstructure was stable in solutions. H3L80 could be used to detect Al (III) ion with high selectivity and sensitivity in aqueous medium. Also, H3L80 could detect intracellular Al3+ ions.
Effect of Coral‐Shaped Yttrium Iron Garnet Particles on the EMI Shielding Behaviour of Yttrium Iron Garnet‐Polyaniline‐Wax Composites
Authors: Choudhary Harish Kumar , Kumar Rajeev , Pawar Shital Patangrao , Anupama A. V. , Bose Suryasarathi , Sahoo Balaram 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report the physicochemical insight into the role of coral‐shaped yttrium‐iron‐garnet (YIG) particles for high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding behaviour of YIG‐polyaniline (PANI)‐Wax composites. We studied the total shielding effectiveness (SET) of various compositions of the composites in X and Ku‐band frequencies (8‐18 GHz) and came upon with a critical concentration (20 wt% of YIG) for which SET is maximum (‐44.8 dB). At this critical concentration, the coral shape of YIG helps in effectively increasing the YIG‐PANI interfaces necessary for the multiple scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves. The scattered microwave is then trapped within the dense coral‐network of YIG until they are absorbed therein by PANI via conduction loss; thereby, dramatically enhancing the microwave attenuation. The detailed EMI shielding mechanism is explained based on electrical and magnetic properties of the composites. Our result demonstrates the importance of morphology of the dielectric/magnetic particles and their concentration in the composites for designing an efficient EMI shield.
Chemical Reactivity and Quantifying the Intra‐ and Intermolecular Interactions in Zwitterionic Compounds
Authors: Kowsalya Perumal samy , Bhuvanesh Nattamai S. P. , Neelakantan Mallanpillai A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA zwitterionic Schiff base, (E)‐2‐((2‐(1‐hydroxyethyl)phenyliminio)methyl‐6‐ methoxyphenolate (L1) was prepared and fully characterized by spectral methods. The crystal structure was determined by using single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. Inter and intra‐molecular interactions in L1 and similar zwitterionic Schiff bases (L2=(E)‐2‐(((2hydroxyethyl)iminio)phenyl)methyl‐5‐(prop‐2yn‐1‐yloxy)phenolate and L3=(E)‐2‐(2‐hydroxy‐3methoxybenzylideneammonio)‐3‐(1H‐imidazol‐3‐ium‐4‐yl) propanoate) have been established via topological analysis by considering the presence of (3,–1) bond critical points (BCP) between the interacting atoms using the approach of QTAIM (Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules) with the aid of ADF (Amsterdam Density Functional) 2017 package. Furthermore, Hirshfeld 2D fingerprint plots and 3D deformation densities were used to determine the interactions quantitatively. The L1‐L3 forms a six‐member pseudo cycle via an intramolecular N–H⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond, and the crystal structure is further stabilized by the presence of π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions. The effect of hydrogen bonding interactions of the molecule on infra red frequencies has been studied using DFTB (Density Functional based Tight Binding) method with ADF. The effect of intermolecular interactions of these compounds towards biomolecules was studied by using Auto Dock Vina and QTAIM analysis.
A Non‐Polarizable Three‐Site Water Model Reproduces the Density Anomaly of the Liquid
Authors: Nikitin Alexei M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractComputer‐efficient three‐site water models work with accuracy sufficient to describe the main properties of substance. However, to describe peculiar properties of water, such as the liquid density anomaly at 4 °C, multi‐site models are used. Nonetheless, it can be shown that a three‐site model is capable to reproduce the density anomaly as well as correct values for a number of other properties such as dielectric permittivity, heat of vaporization, self‐diffusion coefficient, and valence properties.
Photophysical and DFT Studies of Cationic Ag(I) Complexes with Thiosemicarbazides Derived from p‐Toluenesulfohydrazide
Authors: Borges Alice P. , Gaspari Ana P. S. , Oliveira Carolina G. , de Sousa Sinval F. , da Silva Roberto S. , Deflon Victor M. , Machado Antonio E. H. , Patrocínio Antonio O. T. , Maia Pedro I. S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractReactions of p‐toluenesulfohydrazide with R‐isothiocyanates afford new ligands containing both the sulfonamide and thiosemicarbazide moieties (LR: R=cyclohexyl (Cy) or phenyl (Ph)). LR reacts with AgNO3 in EtOH in a 2:1 M ratio leading to formation of colourless Ag(I) complexes of general formula [Ag(LR)2]NO3. The crystal structure of a representative complex was determined by crystallographic studies and shows the Ag(I) coordinated by two thiosemicarbazide ligands in a S‐monodentate coordination mode along with a significant interaction with a nitrate counter‐ion in a bent geometry. Photophysical studies show that both the free ligands and complexes are essentially non‐luminescent at room temperature. At 77 K and glassy media, the silver complexes exhibit a luminescence band in the visible‐light region. Besides, experimental and theoretical analyses suggest the population of the triplet state of these complexes after electronic excitation at around 250 nm. Overall, it was verified that the observed emission of the Ag(I) complexes can be attributed to 3MLCT radiative decay and that the silver complex with LPh shows a higher intensity emission than the complex with LCy.