bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROCESSING PARACETAMOL-5-NITROISOPHTHALIC ACID COCRYSTAL USING SUPERCRITICAL CO2 AS AN ANTI-SOLVENT
Authors: TJANDRAWINATA RAYMOND R. , HIENDRAWAN STEVANUS , VERIANSYAH BAMBANG 
Published: September 2019

Objective: A new method of cocrystallization based on the use of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) as an anti-solvent was explored. In the present study, we investigate and analyze paracetamol (PCA)-5-nitroisophthalic acid (5NIP) cocrystal produced using supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process.
Methods: PCA-5NIP cocrystals prepared by SAS cocrystallization were compared to those produced using traditional solvent evaporation by rapid evaporation (RE) process. The cocrystals produced were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), polarized light microscopy (PLM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, particle size analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: The products obtained from SAS and RE process exhibited identical PXRD spectra and were distinguishable from the individual compounds, indicating the formation of a new phase. DSC analysis revealed that PCA-5NIP cocrystals from each method possess similar melting point which lies between the melting points of the parent compounds. Cocrystal particles with a mean diameter of 4.66 µm were produced from SAS process, which was smaller than those produced by traditional solvent evaporation method with a mean diameter of 38.09 μm.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the ability of SAS process to produce the submicron size of PCA-5NIP cocrystal with altered physicochemical properties in a single step process.
TRANSBUCCAL DELIVERY OF SPRAY DRIED LOVASTATIN FROM MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCHES AND IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: SHARANNAVAR BHUVANESHWARI R. , GADAD ANAND P. 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The aim of the present work was to develop and characterize mucoadhesive film of spray dried Lovastatin (LVS) for buccal delivery to enhance bioavailability.
Methods: Mucoadhesive films were prepared by solvent casting technique by using different polymers HPMCK4M, HPMC E5LV and chitosan. The successful patches were evaluated for film thickness, weight, content uniformity, surface pH, swelling index, folding endurance, ex-vivo residence time, ex-vivo bioadhesion test, in vitro drug release, ex-vivo drug permeation and stability study.
Results: The thickness of all prepared patches ranged from 0.21±0.07 to 1.5±0.39 mm, the weight of the film 89.10±0.6 to 128.57±0.3 mg, drug content 85.47±0.87 to 97.33±0.31%, surface pH 5.6±0.67 to 7.6±0.98, swelling index 23.0±4.1 to 76.5±3.6%, folding endurance 165±1.9 to 350±2.5 respectively. Ex-vivo residence time ranged from 2.2±0.08to 8.2±0.17 h and ex-vivo bioadhesive strength 30±0.64 to 66±0.43 g. The formulations with HPMC E5 shown short period of residence time and shows weak force of adhesion., which might be because of low viscosity of the polymer which resulted into weak adhesion. The percentage drug release and ex-vivo drug permeation was in the following descending order HPMC K4M>HPMC E5LV>chitosan. These results confirm the extension of drug release in case of ionic polymer chitosan. The kinetics data shows that drug release and permeation follows nonfiction diffusion. Accelerated stability data revealed that there is no significant change in drug content, in vitro drug release and ex-vivo permeation.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that mucoadhesive buccal patch is a promising dosage form to enhance the drug bioavailability by preventing first-pass metabolism thus providing better therapeutic efficacy.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MICROBEADS LOADED WITH ZALTOPROFEN
Authors: KIRAN H. C. , VENKATESH DHANDAPANI NAGASAMY , RAJESHKUMAR RAMAN 
Published: September 2019

Objective: The main aim of the present investigation was to formulate and evaluate microbeads of zaltoprofen. Zaltoprofen, a BCS class II drug used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Zaltoprofen has a shorter half-life of 2.8 h, and it is administered at a dose of 80 mg thrice a day. By encapsulating the drug into microbeads, it is expected that the release of the drug would be prolonged and thereby, it reduces the frequency of administration and better patient compliance may be improved.
Methods: Gellan-chitosan and calcium chloride beads of zaltoprofen were prepared employing ionotropic gelation method using different concentrations of gellan, chitosan, calcium chloride and zaltoprofen. The microbeads were evaluated for its various Physico-chemical parameters such as particle size determination, drug entrapment efficiency, infrared spectroscopy study, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, in vitro drug release study and in vivo oral bioavailability studies.
Results: The results suggested that the batch FG-II exhibited higher drug entrapment efficiency (72.42±0.013), a sustained drug release for a period of 24 h. The pharmacokinetic profile of the drug from microbeads exhibited an enhanced oral bioavailability (2.4 times higher than that of pure drug), lower elimination rate (1.14 times lesser for the drug in microbeads) with prolonged elimination half-life (2.561 times higher than pure zaltoprofen).
Conclusion: Zaltoprofen entrapped microbeads demonstrated as a better delivery system for the sustained release of drug and also to circumvent the drawbacks associated with conventional therapy.
hs-CRP Is Associated With Incident Diabetic Nephropathy: Findings From the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Sinha Satyesh K. , Nicholas Susanne B. , Sung Jung Hye , Correa Adolfo , Rajavashisth Tripathi B. , Norris Keith C. , Lee Jae Eun 
Published: September 2019

OBJECTIVE
African Americans (AA) suffer disproportionately from diabetic nephropathy (DN). C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with prevalent DN, but its association with incident DN in AA is unknown. We examined hs-CRP and incident DN in AA.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a longitudinal analysis of data from exams 1, 2, and 3 in 4,043 eligible Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants. Participants with DN or without hs-CRP at exam 1 were excluded. Incident DN was defined as urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) &gt;30 mg/g or self-reported dialysis/transplantation and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) or HbA1c &gt;6.5% by exam 2 or 3 among participants free of DN at exam 1. Kaplan-Meier curves examined DN event-free survival probability by hs-CRP. With Cox proportional hazards regression we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CI for DN by hs-CRP tertiles, adjusting for demographics and clinical and laboratory data.

RESULTS
During 7.8 years of median follow-up time, participants who developed DN had significantly higher baseline hs-CRP, age, fasting glucose, triglycerides, ACR, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and duration of DM (P &lt; 0.05). The overall incident rate of DN was 7.9%. The mean time to incident DN was shorter for participants with hs-CRP in the high tertile (&gt;4.24 mg/L) than in the low tertile (&lt;1.46 mg/L); P &lt; 0.001. Participants with high hs-CRP had higher incidence of DN (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.04–5.24) versus the reference group.

CONCLUSIONS
Inflammation, as measured by hs-CRP levels, may be associated with incident DN in AA. Further studies are warranted to replicate and elucidate the basis for this association.
Hakikat Supervisi Dalam Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Supriadi Bambang 
Published: September 2019

Supervisi pendidikan atau yang lebih dikenal dengan pengawasan pendidikan memiliki konsep dasar yang saling berhubungan dengan pendidikan. Dalam konsep dasar supervisi pendidikan dijelaskan beberapa dasar-dasar tentang konsep supervisi. Sementara proses pelaksanaan supervisi merupakan rangkaian yang dilaksanakan ketika supervisi dilaksanakan dan upaya yang dilakukan oleh supervisor dalam melihat dan membina seluruh proses pelaksanaan pendidikan.Dalam perkembangannya, supervisi pendidikan memberikan pengaruh yang baik pada perkembangan pendidikan khususnya di Indonesia, terutama pendidikan Islam sehingga tingkat profesionalisme guru dalam mengajar dilakukan dengan baik, baik pada madrasah maupun guru pendidikan agama pada sekolah. Oleh karena itu, supervisi diperlukan dalam proses pendidikan berdasarkan dua hal penting. Pertama, perkembangan kurikulum yang merupakan gejala kemajuan pendidikan. Perkembangan tersebut sering menimbulkan perubahan-perubahan struktur maupun fungsi kurikulum. Oleh karenanya pelaksnaan kurikulum memerlukan penyesuaian terus menerus dangan keadaaan nyata dilapangan. Kedua, pengembangan personel, pegawai, atau karyawan senantiasa merupakan upaya yang terusmenerus dalam suatu organisasi. Jurnal ini membahas hakikat supervisi pendidikan Islam, urgensi supervisi pendidikan Islam, tujuan dan prinsip supervisi pendidikan Islam, serta supervisi dan perubahan pendidikan Islam. Semoga bermanfaat.
Importancia de los fundamentos contables. Aplicación práctica de un proceso contable en una empresa comercial
Authors: Morales-Antamba Lenin Ramiro , Sánchez-Cando Ariel Marcelo , Viscaíno-de la Cruz Cristian Javier , Avellán-Herrera Nilda Alexandra 
Published: September 2019

El presente artículo surge como producto de aprendizaje de la asignatura de Proyecto Integrador 1 que integra los saberes de las materias de fundamentos contables y metodología de la investigación de la Carrera de Licenciatura en Finanzas y Auditoría de la Universidad de las Fuerzas Armadas ESPE Extensión Latacunga. El objetivo del trabajo fue aplicar un proceso contable en una empresa comercial al identificar como principal inconveniente la deficiencia del manejo de la información contable dentro de la empresa. El proyecto estuvo encaminado en un tipo de investigación no experimental orientado a observar los acontecimientos que se suscitaron, más no a manipular el objeto de estudio, además se emplearon una serie de técnicas para la recolección de datos que permitieron llevar a cabo el proceso contable, a su vez se consideró un diseño de investigación mixto (bibliográfico y campo). Entre los resultados relevantes de la aplicación del proceso contable se puede resaltar la implementación de un control de inventarios a través de tarjetas kárdex, que ayudará a evitar pérdidas, acumulación y otros factores que ocasionan que no se tenga un conocimiento real de la existencia de la mercadería en la empresa, de esta manera se puede indicar que con la implementación del nuevo proceso contable se ayudará a la propietaria a una correcta toma de decisiones a través de los estados financieros que se presentaron al final de las actividades realizadas
Configuración del hábitat rural y condiciones de vida
Authors: Garay Ana 
Published: September 2019

Los estudios rurales se refirieron históricamente a lo productivo, y actualmente, se pretende avanzar sobre la visibilización de otras dimensiones. Esto representó (y representa) un esfuerzo epistemológico y conceptual de académicos y comunidades para repensarse en el mundo.
El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un modelo teórico para el estudio de la relación existente entre la configuración del hábitat rural y las condiciones de vida. Este esquema permite dar un paso en el conocimiento sosteniendo un abordaje relacional entre ambas dimensiones, ya que no se encontraron trabajos previos que la consideraran.
Political news and stock market reactions: evidence from Turkey over the period 2008–2017
Authors: Karime Sleiman , Sayilir Özlem 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The primary objective of the study is to examine the impact of political news (good and bad news) on the returns and volatility of Borsa Istanbul 100 Index (BIST-100). Sample data cover the period from January 2008 to December 2017. The main sample was divided into two subperiods to insulate the dominating impacts of both the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and 2013 Federal Reserve Tapering on Turkish stock markets. The daily stock market data were collected from the Electronic Data Delivery System (EVDS) web service, while political news headlines were collected from the Guardian newspaper. Different nonlinear volatility models (symmetric and asymmetric Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity [GARCH]-type models) were used to model and estimate BIST-100 volatility in response to political news. The findings of the paper highlight four main results. First, there seems to be a significant impact of political news on the returns and volatility of BIST-100 index. Second, negative shocks derived from bad news tend to have a significant impact on the returns and volatility of BIST-100, while positive shocks derived from good news do not tend to have any significant impact on the returns, but decreased returns volatility. Third, political news, both good and bad, can affect stock return and stock return volatility in different directions, and this direction is time-varying. Fourth, the findings strongly reveal the presence of “Leverage Effect” in the returns of BIST-100 index. Therefore, one can say that political uncertainty is still a problem for the Turkish stock market.
Spatiotemporal visibility characteristics impacted by forest and land fire over airports in sumatera and borneo Island, Indonesia
Authors: Ismanto Heri , Hartono Hartono , Marfai Muh Aris 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Smoke can reduce the airport’s visibility and is related to the aviation safety and efficiency. Low visibility has potential safety hazard, such GA-152 crashed in 1997, and thus there is a need to find out the visibility characteristics in airports over Sumatra and Borneo Island caused by 2015 forest fire. This research aims to analyse the spatiotemporal visibility characteristics over airports in Sumatera and Borneo Island using flight rule visibility below minima criteria and hazard probability. The analysis of smoke was characterized using visibility severity index (VSI) that is a function of visibility severity class and its probability level. Spatiotemporal analysis of severity index combined with hotspot and wind numerical weather model indicates that the worst impact visibility occurred in September and October 2015. The lowest visibility was occured over night until afternoon time period. The spread of VSI impact has a tendency to northward and northwestward. The very high VSI levels occurred at airports such: WIJJ (Jambi), WIBB (Pekanbaru), WAGG (Palangkaraya) which were impacted up to 70% of flight operations time with IFR visibility below minima; while the WIOS (Susilo-Sintang), which operates only on VFR, experienced about 92% of VFR visibility below minima at smoke climax period.
Analysis of the dynamics of coastal landform change based on the integration of remote sensing and gis techniques: Implications for tidal flooding impact in pekalongan, central java, Indonesia
Authors: Yulianto Fajar , Suwarsono  , Maulana Taufik , Khomarudin Muhammad Rokhis 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Coastal landforms are located in the interface zone between atmosphere, ocean and land surface systems formed by the geomorphic process of erosion, depositional, and subsidence. Studying the dynamics of coastal landform change is important for tracing the relationship between coastal landform changes and tidal flooding in the coastal areas of Pekalongan, Indonesia. The method of integrating remote sensing data with geographic information system (GIS) techniques has been widely used to monitor and analyze the dynamics of morphology change in coastal landform areas. The purpose of this study is to map the dynamics of landform change in the study area from 1978 to 2017 and to analyze its implications for the impact of tidal flooding. The results of the mapping and change analysis associated with coastal landforms can be classified into four landform types: beach, beach ridge, backswamp and alluvial plain. Changes in coastal morphology and landform topography affected by land subsidence and changes in land use/ land cover have contributed to the occurrence of tidal flooding in the study area. Beach ridges perform an important role as natural levees which hold back and prevent the entry of seawater at high tide in coastal areas. A limitation of this study is that, as it focuses only on the physical aspects of coastal landform characteristics for one of the factors causing tidal flooding.
Assessment of the quality and irrigation purpose suitability of alluvial water in Erfoud, Morocco
Authors: Latos Beata , Szczucińska Anna , Kozłowski Rafał 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Dry areas are especially exposed to the risk of water shortages and elevated mineralization. High water salinity, caused by low precipitation, high evaporation and human impact, usually strongly limits the use of the water for irrigation. The aim of the study was to assess the quality and irrigation purpose suitability of alluvial water in the Erfoud oasis, Morocco. The samples of water were collected from 20 wells in June 2017. We observed excessive concentrations of many parameters i.a.: NO3, Cd, Ni, Na, NH4, Cl, SO4, Fe, Cr. To determine the possibility to use the water for irrigation purposes, the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (%Na), permeability index (PI), Kelly’s ratio (KR), magnesium hazards (MH) and electrical conductivity (EC) were assessed. The values of KR and MH qualified the waters as unsuitable for irrigation purposes. The observed %Na indicates that the groundwater is permissible for irrigation purposes, and permeability index, that it is of moderate quality. However, water classification using the SAR vs EC diagram confirms its high and very high alkali and salinity hazard. The mean EC value of the water was 9.5 mS cm−1.
PENTINGNYA PERAN ORANG TUA DALAM PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Pratiwi Ni Kadek Santya Pratiwi 
Published: September 2019

<p>Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi peranan orang tua dalam pembentukan karakter anak, cara membangun karakter anak, pendekatan yang digunakan, hambatan-hambatan dan juga upaya-upaya yang dilakukan dalam pembentukan karakter anak.</p><p>Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keluarga adalah faktor penting dalam pendidikan seorang anak. Karakter seorang anak berasal dari keluarga. Dimana, sebagian besar anak-anak sampai usia 18 tahun menghabiskan waktunya 60-80 % bersama keluarga. Sampai usia 18 tahun, mereka masih membutuhkan orangtua dan kehangatan dalam keluarga. Dari sini, sudah sepatutnya pendidikan karakter dimulai dari dalam keluarga, yang merupakan lingkungan pertama bagi pertum­buhan karakter anak. Setelah keluar­ga, di dunia pendidikan karakter ini sudah harus menjadi ajaran wajib sejak sekolah dasar. Anak SD masih dalam tahap perkembangan operasional konkret. Tahap dimana mulai berkembangnya kecerdasan mereka untuk berpikir logis dan sistematis. Sehingga pendidikan karakter pada anak SD menjadi kunci dalam perubahan generasi muda yang lebih baik.</p>
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KUANTUM DENGAN BANTUAN LKS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA SISWA KELAS VI SEMESTER I SD NEGERI 4 TONJA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016 /2017
Authors: Rupini Ni Made 
Published: September 2019

<p>Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 4 Tonja di Kelas VI semester I yang kemampuan siswanya untuk mata pelajaran IPA masih rendah. Tujuan penulisan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran Kuantum dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah tes prestasi belajar. Metode analisis datanya adalah deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Kuantum dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Ini terbukti dari hasil yang diperoleh pada awalnya 61,45 pada siklus I menjadi 69,68 dan pada siklus II menjadi 78,94. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran Kuantum dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar.</p>
FUNGSI DAN TUJUAN PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA
Authors: Sujana I Wayan Cong 
Published: September 2019

<p>Latar belakang tulisan ini adalah untuk membahas tentang (1) fungsi dan tujuan pendidikan di Indonesia. (2) Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan Nasional (3) Fungsi Dan Tujuan Pendidikan Bagi Masyarakat . Kajian ini penting sebagai dasar arah pelaksanaan pendidikan di Indonesia. Dari berbagai perrspektif tentang fungsi dan tujuan pendidikan telah jelas terlihat bahwa pendidikan di indonesia berupaya untuk menciptakan bangsa yang cakap, beriman, bertaqwa kepada Tuhan serta memilki pengetahuan yang baik dan wawasan kebangsaan. Pendidikan di Indonesi sangat berperan penting dalam membangu masyarakat. Melalui pendidikan,masyarakat melakukan transformasi budaya, menciptakan tenaga kerja, menciptakan alat kontrol sosial dan lain sebagainya. Dengan demikian perkembangan masyarakat dapat berjalan secara berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan kelima fungsi dan tujuan pendidikan bagi masyrakat tentunya masyarakat akan sangat diuntungkan dalam hal birokrasi, sosial dan ketenagakerjaannya.</p>
MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DIRECT INSTRUCTION DENGAN METODE DEMONSTRASI SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN JASMANI OLAHRAGA DAN KESEHATAN SISWA KELAS III SEMESTER I TAHUN PELAJARAN 2018/ 2019 SD NEGERI 22 DAUH PURI
Authors: Alit I Gst Ayu Nyoman 
Published: September 2019

<p>Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD Negeri 22 Dauh Puri di Kelas III yang prestasi belajar pendidikan jasmani olah raga dan kesehatan masih rendah. Tujuan penulisan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah model <em>Direct Instruction</em> dengan metode Demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah tes prestasi belajar. Metode analisis datanya adalah deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah model <em>Direct Instruction</em> dengan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Ini terbukti dari hasil yang diperoleh 63,43 pada pada awalnya setelah diberikan tindakan pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 68,14 dan pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 76,09. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah model <em>Direct Instruction</em> dengan metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar pendidikan jasmani olah raga dan kesehatan siswa kelas III semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 SD Negeri 22 Dauh Puri.</p>
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÇITAK BİLGİN Nevin , AK Bedriye , CERİT Birgül , ERTEM Melike , ÇITAK TUNÇ Gülseren 
Published: September 2019

Bu
çalışma üniversite öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını ve bu
davranışları etkileyen demografik ve bireysel özellikleri belirlemek için
yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı tipteki çalışma, Türkiye’nin kuzey batısında yer alan bir
devlet üniversitesinin dört yıllık fakülte ve yüksekokullarında öğrenim gören 2062 öğrenci ile
yürütülmüştür. Verilerin toplanmasında öğrenci bilgi formu ve Sağlıklı Yaşam Biçimi
Davranışları Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde
tanımlayıcı istatistikler, bağımsız gruplarda t testi, One way Anova ve Pearson
korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi
davranışlarının orta düzeyde olduğu,
sağlıkla ilgili bölümlerde öğrenim gören öğrencilerin, bu alan dışında
öğrenim görenlere göre sağlık davranışlarının daha iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Sosyo-demografik özelliklerden algılanan sağlık durumu, en uzun süre yaşanılan
yer ve sağlıkla ilgili konularda medyayı takip etme sağlıklı yaşam biçimi
davranışları ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Sağlıkla ilgili bölümlerde öğrenim görmek, öğrencilerin sağlık
davranışlarını olumlu etkilemektedir. Bununla birlikte öğrencilerin sağlıklı
yaşam biçimi davranışları orta düzeyde olduğundan sağlığı geliştirmeye yönelik
eğitim programlarının üniversite genelinde yaygınlaştırılması önemli
görünmektedir.