bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of postoperative hepatic angiography on mortality after laparotomy in Grade IV/V hepatic injuries
Authors: Matsumoto Shokei , Cantrell Emily , Jung Kyoungwon , Smith Alan , Coimbra Raul 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Mortality rate for severe liver injuries remains high. As an adjunct to surgery, postoperative hepatic angiography (PHA) may have a positive impact on outcomes. This study sought to compare outcomes following surgical management of severe liver injuries with and without PHA using propensity score matching analysis.

METHODS
Data from the National Trauma Data Bank from 2007 to 2014 were analyzed. The study population consisted of patients older than 18 years, sustaining severe liver injuries (i.e., American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale (AAST-OIS) Grade IV or V) who underwent surgery. Patients were divided into two groups. The PHA group consisted of those undergoing surgery followed by PHA. In the surgery-only group, no angiography was performed. To determine the impact of PHA on outcomes, propensity score matching analysis (1:3) was used.

RESULTS
A total of 3,871 patients met inclusion criteria. Of those, 205 (5.3%) patients underwent PHA. Prior to matching, patients in the PHA group had higher severity, but overall in-hospital mortality was found to be similar between the two groups. After 1:3 propensity-score matching, 196 patients in the PHA group were matched with 588 in the surgery-only group with well-balanced baseline characteristics. The in-hospital mortality was significantly lower in the PHA group compared with the surgery-only group (24.5% vs. 35.9%; odds ratio, 0.58; 95% confidence interval, 0.40–0.84). However, hospital length of stay was longer (16.0 [7.0–29.8] vs. 11 [1.0–25.0] days, p = 0.001), and the incidence of deep and organ/space surgical site infection (3.6% vs. 1.2%, 8.2% vs. 3.5%, respectively) was higher in the PHA group.

CONCLUSION
The use of PHA was associated with decreased mortality rates. A multimodality approach using both surgical intervention followed by PHA appears to identify patients that may benefit from arterial embolization, leading to decreased mortality of severe liver injuries.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic study, level IV.
Management of cervical tracheoesophageal injuries: A 2018 EAST Master Class Video Presentation
Authors: Bardes James M. , Grabo Daniel , Inaba Kenji , Schellenberg Morgan , Polk Travis , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
This video techniques article focuses on the choice of incision, and repair techniques, for cervical injuries to the trachea and esophagus.
Evaluation and management of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries: A Practice Management Guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma
Authors: McDonald Amy A. , Robinson Bryce R.H. , Alarcon Louis , Bosarge Patrick L. , Dorion Heath , Haut Elliott R. , Juern Jeremy , Madbak Firas , Reddy Srinivas , Weiss Patricia , Como John J. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND
Traumatic diaphragm injuries (TDI) pose both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in both the acute and chronic phases. There are no published practice management guidelines to date for TDI. We aim to formulate a practice management guideline for TDI using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology.

METHODS
The working group formulated five Patient, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome questions regarding the following topics: (1) diagnostic approach (laparoscopy vs. computed tomography); (2) nonoperative management of penetrating right-sided injuries; (3) surgical approach (abdominal or thoracic) for acute TDI, including (4) the use of laparoscopy; and (5) surgical approach (abdominal or thoracic) for delayed TDI. A systematic review was undertaken and last updated December 2016. RevMan 5 (Cochran Collaboration) and GRADEpro (Grade Working Group) software were used. Recommendations were voted on by working group members. Consensus was obtained for each recommendation.

RESULTS
A total of 56 articles were used to formulate the recommendations. Most studies were retrospective case series with variable reporting of outcomes measures and outcomes frequently not stratified to intervention or comparator. The overall quality of the evidence was very low for all Patient, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes. Therefore, only conditional recommendations could be made.

CONCLUSION
Recommendations were made in favor of laparoscopy over computed tomography for diagnosis, nonoperative versus operative approach for right-sided penetrating injuries, abdominal versus thoracic approach for acute TDI, and laparoscopy (with the appropriate skill set and resources) versus open approach for isolated TDI. No recommendation could be made for the preferred operative approach for delayed TDI. Very low-quality evidence precluded any strong recommendations. Further study of the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to TDI is warranted.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Guideline; Systematic review, level IV.
Structural basis for substrate binding and specificity of a sodium/alanine symporter AgcS
Authors: Ma Jinming , Lei Hsiang-Ting , Reyes Francis E. , Sanchez-Martinez Silvia , Sarhan Maen , Gonen Tamir 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe amino acid, polyamine, and organocation (APC) superfamily is the second largest superfamily of membrane proteins forming secondary transporters that move a range of organic molecules across the cell membrane. Each transporter in APC superfamily is specific for a unique sub-set of substrates, even if they possess a similar structural fold. The mechanism of substrate selectivity remains, by and large, elusive. Here we report two crystal structures of an APC member fromMethanococcus maripaludis, the alanine or glycine:cation symporter (AgcS), with L- or D-alanine bound. Structural analysis combined with site-directed mutagenesis and functional studies inform on substrate binding, specificity, and modulation of the AgcS family and reveal key structural features that allow this transporter to accommodate glycine and alanine while excluding all other amino acids. Mutation of key residues in the substrate binding site expand the selectivity to include valine and leucine. Moreover, as a transporter that binds both enantiomers of alanine, the present structures provide an unprecedented opportunity to gain insights into the mechanism of stereo-selectivity in APC transporters.
Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation of Patchy Particles Illuminates Diverse Effects of Regulatory Components on Protein Droplet Formation
Authors: Nguemaha Valery , Zhou Huan-Xiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractRecently many cellular functions have been associated with membraneless organelles, or protein droplets, formed by liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). Proteins in these droplets often contain RNA-binding domains, but the effects of RNA on LLPS have been controversial. To gain better understanding on the roles of RNA, here we used Gibbs-ensemble simulations to determine phase diagrams of two-component patchy particles, as models for mixtures of proteins with RNA or other regulatory components. Protein-like particles have four patches, with attraction strength εPP; regulatory particles experience mutual steric repulsion but have two attractive patches toward proteins, with the strength εPR tunable. At low εPR, the regulator, due to steric repulsion, preferentially partitions in the dispersed phase, thereby displacing the protein into the droplet phase and promoting LLPS. At moderate εPR, the regulator starts to partition and displace the protein in the droplet phase, but only to weaken bonding networks and thereby suppress LLPS. At εPR > εPP, the enhanced bonding ability of the regulator initially promotes LLPS, but at higher amounts, the resulting displacement of the protein suppresses LLPS. These results illustrate how RNA can have disparate effects on LLPS, thus able to perform diverse functions in different organelles.
Synonymous lysine codon usage modification in a mobile antibiotic resistance gene similarly alters protein production in bacterial species with divergent lysine codon usage biases because it removes a duplicate AAA lysine codon
Authors: Alorabi Mohammed , AlAmri Aisha M. , Takebayashi Yuiko , Heesom Kate J. , Avison Matthew B. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe mobile antibiotic resistance gene blaIMP-1 is clinically important and has a synonymous AAA:AAG lysine codon usage bias of 73:27. This bias is like that seen in experimentally determined highly expressed genes in Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumanii, but quite different from that seen in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26:74 AAA:AAG). Here we show that, paradoxically, shifting the AAA:AAG lysine codon bias to 8:92 in blaIMP-1 expressed from a natural promoter results in significantly more IMP-1 production in all three species. Sequential site directed mutagenesis revealed that increased IMP-1 production occurs following removal of an AAA,AAA double lysine codon and that otherwise, lysine codon usage had no observable impact on IMP-1 production. We conclude that ribosomal slippage at this poly-adenosine region reduces efficient translation of IMP-1 and that punctuating the region with guanine reduces ribosomal slippage and increases IMP-1 production.
Differential carbohydrate utilization and organic acid production by honey bee symbionts
Authors: Lee Fredrick J. , Miller Kayla I. , McKinlay James B. , Newton Irene L. G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe honey bee worker gut is host to a community of bacteria that primarily comprises 8-10 bacterial species. Collectively, these microbes break down and ferment saccharides present in the host’s diet. The model of metabolism for these gut symbionts is rooted in previous analyses of genomes, metagenomes, and metatranscriptomes of this environment. Importantly, there is a correlation between the composition of the gut microbiome and weight gain in the honey bee, suggesting that bacterial production of organic acids might contribute to the observed phenomenon. Here we identify potential metabolic contributions of symbionts within the honey bee gut. We show significant variation in the metabolic capabilities of these microbes, highlighting the fact that although the microbiota appears simple and consistent based on 16S rRNA gene profiling, strains are highly variable in their ability to use specific carbohydrates and produce organic acids. Finally, we confirm that the honey bee core microbes, especially a clade of γ-proteobacteria (i.e.Gilliamella), are highly activein vivo, expressing key enzymatic genes critical for utilizing plant-derived molecules and producing organic acids. These results suggest thatGilliamella, and other core taxa, may contribute significantly to weight gain in the honey bee, specifically through the production of organic acids.
Candidate Gene Networks for Acylsugar Metabolism and Plant Defense in Wild TomatoSolanum pennellii
Authors: Mandal Sabyasachi , Ji Wangming , McKnight Thomas D. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTMany plants in the Solanaceae family secrete acylsugars, which are branched-chain and straight-chain fatty acids esterified to glucose or sucrose. These compounds have important roles in plant defense and potential commercial applications. However, several acylsugar metabolic genes remain unidentified, and little is known about regulation of this pathway. We used comparative transcriptomic analysis between low- and high-acylsugar-producing accessions ofSolanum pennelliiand found that expression levels of most acylsugar metabolic genes, including known acylsucrose biosynthetic genes and novel candidate genes (putatively encoding a ketoacyl-ACP synthase IV/II-like enzyme, peroxisomal acyl-activating enzymes, ABC transporters, and central carbon metabolic enzymes), were positively correlated with acylsugar accumulation, except two acylglucose biosynthetic genes. Genes putatively encoding oxylipin metabolic proteins, subtilisin-like proteases, and other antimicrobial defense proteins were upregulated in low-acylsugar-producing accessions, possibly to compensate for diminished defense activities of acylsugars. Gene co-expression network analysis clustered most differentially expressed genes into two separate modules and identified genetic networks associated with acylsugar production and plant defense. Transcriptome analysis after inhibition of biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids (precursors to branched-chain fatty acids) further supported the coordinated regulation of most acylsugar candidate genes and identified three putative AP2-family transcription factor genes that form a strong co-expression network with many acylsugar metabolic genes.
Genre analysis of the “About Us” sections of Asian Association of Open Universities websites
Authors: Villanueva Louise S. , Dolom Mary Aizel C. , Belen Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThis paper is a corpus-driven study of written electronic texts, particularly the “About Us” sections in the university websites of 41 members of the Asian Association of Open Universities (AAOU). This inquiry is important because it will provide an insight as to how AAOU members describe and portray themselves in the World Wide Web, a platform which is highly utilized in the field of distance education. This will also lead to the understanding of conventional knowledge among AAOU members during the period of study. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachGuided by Swales’ (1990) seminal work on genre analysis, the researchers conducted a three-part genre analysis which involved identification and analysis of moves, keywords, and concordance lines.FindingsResults of the keyword analysis were conducted using the AntConc application. Anthony (2017) found that the top 100 keywords with positive keyness exemplified inherent characteristics of open and distance learning institutions as well as characteristics common to higher education institutions and their thrusts. The analysis also found that the use of adjectives and verbs with positive denotations is common in the “About Us” sections. Concordance for several keywords related to the overarching theme of the AAOU 2017 Conference then revealed that the AAOU members are active in the discourse about accessibility, assessment, and quality, while there is not much discourse on openness, inclusivity, and justice. Meanwhile, subscribing to equality and equity could still be a point of discussion among the AAOU members as the concordance analysis revealed more discourse on equality than equity as a goal and principle. Overall, results of the genre analysis resonated with previous studies of the academic genre as the “About Us” sections are promotional in both authoritarian and inclusive ways.Originality/valueThe inquiry will provide the members of the AAOU with an overview of their common communicative purposes, overused or underused keywords, and their usage of these words which they may opt to work on in the future.
From statistics, through new requirements to mathematical modelling of SAT aircraft safety
Authors: Dziugiel Bartosz , Goraj Zdobyslaw Jan 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the technical and operational specifications of the Small Aircraft Transport System (SAT/SATS) to the achieved safety level.

Design/methodology/approach
Safety estimation was made with the use of mathematical model of safety of light aircraft in commercial operations developed on the basis of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) data. The analysis was conducted for two different SATS business models based on Direct AiR Transport (DART) concept. It allowed for the investigation of the impact of technical specifications of the aircraft included into the SATS fleet as well as the selected elements of the applied business model on SATS safety level.

Findings
It was found that the proposed changes to DART system resulted in a significant improvement of safety. Mean Time Between Incidents and Accident (MTBIA) increased by 200 per cent. Additionally, the introduced alterations impacted the weights of particular domains and pilot’s error became less critical than the technical reliability.

Practical implications
It was shown that the application of new requirements influences both the safety level and the cost of operation, which was demonstrated within the ESPOSA and DART projects. Additionally, it was indicated that further effort to improve the light aircraft safety is absolutely necessary.

Originality/value
Originality consists in combining in one mathematical model both the aircraft configuration and the rules for business operation. Optimization of selected parameters of the system leads to a significant reduction in the accident number and to keeping the cost increment at a reasonable level. It was also found that the resulted improvement sometimes cannot be sufficient to consider a small aircraft operation fully safe, mainly owing to the numerous restrictions because of its small weight and loading capacity.
Structural dynamics of a gyrocopter: numerical approach in some emergency cases
Authors: Dacko Adam , Borkowski Pawel , Lindstedt Lukasz Pawel , Rzymkowski Cezary , Rodzewicz Miroslaw 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present the assumptions, analysis and sample results of numerical modeling and analysis of dynamic events encountered in emergency cases during deployment of parachute rescue system (PRS) and hard landing of a small gyrocopter. The optimal design requires knowledge of structural loads and structural response – the information obtained often from experiment. Numerical simulation is presented as an alternative tool for estimating these data.

Design/methodology/approach
Structural analyses were performed using MSC.Nastran. Multibody simulations were done using MADYMO system.

Findings
Initial design parameters were evaluated and verified in numerical simulations. Some of the resulting conclusions were proven during the test flights.

Practical implications
Some chosen results of simulation of dynamic problems are presented. They can be useful as reference values for similar cases for light aircraft analysis.

Originality/value
The paper presents an alternative way of assessing structural response parameters in the case of emergency dynamic events of usage of PRS. The results can be used in other projects.
The influence of perceived media richness of marketing channels on online channel usage
Authors: Lipowski Marcin , Bondos Ilona 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the differences in the perceived media richness of three marketing channels by different consumer generations as well as to indicate the importance of the perceived media richness of each of channel for the intention of online use at pre-purchase stage.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a sample of 1,103 consumers in Poland, which research sample included three generations: Baby Boomers, X generation and Y generation. Computer-assisted personal interview method was used with a standardised questionnaire; the research sample was determined using a quota-random method, with the quotas referring to age and gender and the nature of the place of residence (provincial town, town/city other than a provincial one, or a village) – the structure of the sample was maintained at the regional level.FindingsAnalysed channels (online, offline, phone) have different perceived media richness. Consumers from different generations can perceive media richness of the same marketing channels in various ways. Perceived media richness of the analysed marketing channels has an impact on the intention to use the channel online.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, the fact of blurring differences between consumers generation, particularly X and Y generation. As well the fact that each generation has identified an internal diversity. Second limitation refers to the type of marketing channels included in research. Finally, limitation also applies to spatial extent of the study. The above limitations can also be some directions of future research – taking into account some other marketing channels and verifying the conclusions on other consumer groups.Practical implicationsGeneral recommendation refers to the need for treating customers in each marketing channel in the same way – immediate response is one of the aspects of this recommended unified customer service in multichannel environment. Online channel communications with customers should be supported by giving consumers more personalised communication via phone, chat and social media. For older consumers, it is recommended to gradually redirect them to an online channel. Information search is a good start for online customer journey, because this channel at the pre-purchase stage is the most useful and least risky for the consumer unfamiliar with online environment.Social implicationsBetter understanding of the needs of different customers generations and their perception of different marketing channel at the pre-purchase stage.Originality/valueIdentification of intergenerational differences in the perception of media richness of online, phone and offline channels.
The role of Yin-Yang leadership and cosmopolitan followership in fostering employee commitment in China
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jung , Reade Carol 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Utilizing a paradox perspective, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the leadership-followership dynamic in foreign firms in China, specifically, the extent to which Yin-Yang leadership behaviors of Japanese expatriates and cosmopolitanism of Chinese employees influence employee commitment.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through an online survey of Chinese employees who directly report to a Japanese supervisor in a Japanese subsidiary in China. Based on responses from 97 Chinese employees in three Japanese subsidiaries in China, the authors test if their cosmopolitan orientation and perceived Yin-Yang leadership behaviors of Japanese supervisors are related to employee commitment.

Findings
Yin-Yang leadership and cosmopolitan followership have a positive effect on employee commitment. Further, cosmopolitanism moderates the link between Yin-Yang leadership and employee commitment such that the follower’s cosmopolitanism compensates for lower levels of Yin-Yang leadership, especially a relative lack of Yin leadership behaviors.

Research limitations/implications
Results suggest that Yin-Yang leadership and cosmopolitan followership work together as a two-way street of cultural adaptability to build employee commitment, highlighting the interplay between leadership and followership in multinational enterprises. Future research should attempt to further refine the Yin-Yang leadership construct, and to gain a larger sample representing multiple expatriate nationalities to corroborate the relationships found in this study.

Originality/value
The study applies a context-based approach to developing culturally relevant leadership, through analyzing both the emic and etic concepts of culture in China. In doing so, the authors extend the application of paradox theories to the cross-cultural leadership literature utilizing the Yin-Yang principle, which is particularly relevant in societal contexts where rapid and dramatic change brings to the fore competing values, needs and employee preferences.