bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary Management of Patients on Warfarin, Aspirin And Clopidogrel Requiring Dentoalveolar Surgery
Authors: Galinde Jyotsna , Sidana Sunil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPatients with a variety of medical conditions often receive aspirin, warfarin or clopidogrel to prevent complications from atrial fibrillation, thromboembolisms or stroke. Although these medications can be lifesaving; it also can put patients at greater risk of experiencing haemorrhage after dental surgery. Therefore, a decision must be made whether to interrupt or continue anticoagulant treatment in patients undergoing various dental procedures. We have presented a review of this topic, including a brief description of the more commonly encountered anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications and the current recommendations for the surgical management of these patients.
Oral Lichen Planus : A Review
Authors: Gadda Rohit B , Salvi Rohini , Bhatia Varun Gul 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucosal condition commonly encountered in clinical dental practice. Lichen planus is believed to represent an abnormal immune response in which epithelial cells are recognized as foreign, secondary to changes in the antigenicity of the cell surface. It has various oral manifestations, the reticular form being the most common. The erosive and atrophic forms of OLP are less common, yet are most likely to cause symptoms. Topical corticosteroids constitute the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic lesions of OLP. Recalcitrant lesions can be treated with systemic steroids or other systemic medications. However, there is only weak evidence that these treatments are superior to placebo. Given reports of a slightly greater risk of squamous cell carcinoma developing in areas of erosive OLP, it is important for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for all intraoral lichenoid lesions. Periodic follow-up of all patients with OLP is recommended.
Internet Resources for Dentistry: Utilization of the Internet to Support Professional Growth, Decision Making, and Patient Care
Authors: Guest Gary F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The use of computers as an information resource in dentistry has grown dramatically over the past ten years. Fueled by the availability of more powerful computers, societal acceptance of computer-based resources, and the development of the Internet, millions of documents now provide a tremendously important repository of information for healthcare providers. Those involved in delivery of dental care need to know how to access and use this information for their professional development and to support clinically related activities. This paper presents issues related to the use of the Internet. It also provides information on the use of search engines to find resources (websites) on the Internet and descriptions of some available resources of interest to those involved in oral healthcare.
The Concept of “Risk” and the Emerging Discipline of Periodontal Medicine
Authors: Paquette David W. , Madianos Phoebus , Offenbacher Steven , Beck James D. , Williams Ray C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Dental clinicians intuitively weigh patient risks for developing disease and use that information for making treatment decisions and recommendations. Periodontitis, for instance, is one oral disease with documented risk factors including smoking, specific plaque bacteria and diabetes mellitus. While this link between systemic disease and periodontitis was thought to be unidirectional, mounting evidence in the last decade suggests that the relationship may be bi-directional. Cross sectional and case control studies indicate that periodontitis may confer two and seven-fold elevations in risk for cardiovascular disease and premature low birth weight respectively. While these early studies indicate potential associations between oral and systemic health, they support the central hypothesis that periodontitis triggers both local and systemic host inflammatory responses. Consequently, a new discipline, periodontal medicine, has emerged in dentistry which seeks to further define these interrelationships through scientific inquiry. Ultimately, this new knowledge may prove useful in intervention strategies to reduce patient risks and prevent systemic disease outcomes. This manuscript clarifies the concept of risk, traces the emergence of periodontal medicine and serves as a resource for the oral health professional in assessing and utilizing the current evidence on periodontal-systemic disease connections.
Can the Method of Primer Application Influence Adhesion to Er:YAG-laser Irradiated Dentin?
Authors: Matos Adriana B. , Botta Sérgio B. , Vieira Samuel N. , Cordon Rosely , Marques Márcia M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate how cavity preparation and primer application methods influence the adhesion of composite resin to dentin using a self-etching system.

Methods and Materials
Forty-eight extracted, sound human molars were divided into six groups (n=8) according to the method used for the surface preparation of the teeth (#600-grit paper disc, diamond bur, and Er:YAG laser) and the primer application method utilized (active or passive). Following the adhesive procedure using a self-etching system, 5 mm high composite buildups were created with Z-250 composite resin. After storage in water at 37°C for 24 hours, the specimens were vertically sectioned into serial 1 mm2 sticks and tested for microtensile strength (μ-TBS). Nine additional molars were prepared for morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results
Statistical analysis showed surface preparation technique (p<0.00) and primer application methods (p<0.001) do influence bond strength of the self-etching system tested. The best adhesion was achieved with specimens having the dentin ground with sandpaper followed by those ground with diamond burs. The worst bonding was obtained with Er:YAG laser ablated dentin. The active primer application method increased bonding performance compared to the passive method.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of the study, it can be stated surface treatment can influence the bond strength of the self-etching system tested and the active primer application method is more effective in achieving success in bonding to dentin compared with the passive application method.

Clinical Significance
Clinicians should use the active application method to apply a mild acidic self-etching primer along with an appropriate tooth surface preparation to facilitate the bond strength between dentin and composite resin.

Citation
Botta SB, Vieira SN, Cordon R, Marques MM, Matos AB. Can the Method of Primer Application Influence Adhesion to Er:YAG-laser Irradiated Dentin? J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 January; (10)1:049-057.
Evaluation of a New Furcation Stent as a Fixed Reference Point for Class II Furcation Measurements
Authors: Laxman Vandana K. , Khatri Manish , Devaraj C.G. , Reddy Kranti , Reddy Ramesh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
To date probing of the furcation using sounding has been one of the reliable methods to assess horizontal component of furcation in multirooted teeth. A more precise and reliable measurement of this horizontal component of furcation involves using a fixed reference point providing stability and reproducibility of measurements. A custom stent is used to provide a fixed reference point and can be used pre- and postsurgically without re-entry. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to (1) assess the reliability of furcation measurements by direct probing (without stent) and with the use of a newly designed furcation stent and (2) to assess the furcation measurements in relation to gingival margin position pre- and post-operatively.

Methods and Materials
Forty-three chronic periodontitis patients with buccal grade II furcation involvement in maxillary or mandibular molars were included. The furcation involvement was measured by direct probing using a UNC-15 calibrated probe with and without using a custom stent. The furcation involvement and gingival margin position were measured pre- and post-surgically.

Results
There was a significant reduction in plaque (PI) and gingival inflammation (GI) during the study period. The reduction in plaque index and gingival index was observed from 1.75 ± 0.35 to 0.92 ± 0.30, 1.88 ± 0.35 to 0.98 ± 0.29, respectively. Complete agreement was found between the first and the second measurement for about 74% of sites without the custom stent, whereas 86% of the sites measured using the stent had complete agreement. The differences never exceeded 1 mm for any of the sites. There was significant (t = 2.49; p<0.05) difference observed at complete agreement level (‘0’ difference).

Conclusion
It may be concluded the clinical attachment level-H of the furcation involvement using a PCP UNC-15 probe and a custom designed stent provides reproducible information about the furcation depth in multirooted teeth.

Clinical Significance
Use of a simple modified furcation stent has shown greater reproducibility of furcal depth measurements than direct probing without the stent. The furcation stent definitely addresses the problems of existing methods of horizontal furcal depth measurements reported in the literature. The major advantages of the newly designed stent are the simple construction and non-invasive application which translates to wide practical applications.

Citation
Laxman VK, Khatri M, Devaraj CG, Reddy K, Reddy R. Evaluation of a New Furcation Stent as a Fixed Reference Point for Class II Furcation Measurements. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 March; (10)2:018-025.
Fracture Resistance of Aluminium Oxide and Lithium Disilicate-based Crowns using Different Luting Cements: An in vitro Study
Authors: Al-Wahadni Ahed M. , Hussey David L. , Grey Nicholas , Hatamleh Muhanad M. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to investigate the fracture resistance of two types of ceramic crowns cemented with two different cements.

Methods and Materials
Forty premolar crowns were fabricated using lithium-disilicate (IPS Empress-2) and glass-infiltrated aluminium-oxide (In-Ceram) ceramic systems. The crowns were divided into four groups (n=10) with Group 1 (IPS Empress-2) and Group 2 (In-Ceram) cemented with glass ionomer cement. Group 3 (IPS Empress-2) and Group 4 (In-Ceram) were cemented with resin cement. Crowns were tested in a universal testing machine at a compressive-load speed of 10 mm/min. Fracture modes were grouped into five categories. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to detect statistical significances (p<0.05).

Results
The mean (SD) fracture resistance (Newtons) for Groups 1 to 4 were: 245.35 (82.69), 390.48 (67.03), 269.69 (10.33), and 418.36 (26.24). The cement type had no statistical significant effect (p>0.05) on fracture resistance within each ceramic system tested. In-Ceram crowns cemented with either glass ionomer or resin cements exhibited a statistically significantly higher fracture-resistance than IPS Empress-2 crowns (p<0.05). Minimal fracture in the test crowns was the common mode exhibited.

Conclusion
Fracture resistance of IPS Empress-2 and In-Ceram crowns was not affected by the type of cement used for luting.

Clinical Significance
Both In-Ceram and IPS Empress-2 crowns can be successfully luted with the cements tested with In-Ceram exhibiting higher fracture resistance than IPS Empress-2.

Citation
Al-Wahadni AM, Hussey DL, Grey N, Hatamleh MM. Fracture Resistance of Aluminium Oxide and Lithium Disilicate-based Crowns using Different Luting Cements: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 March; (10)2:051-058.
Effect of Labial Frenum Notch Size and Palatal Vault Depth on Stress Concentration in Maxillary Complete Dentures: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Savabi Omid , Nejatidanesh Farahnaz , Peimannia Elham 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
Fracture is a common cause of acrylic resin denture failure due to crack development in a site of excessive concentration of stress in the denture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of labial frenum notch size and palatal depth on stress concentration in maxillary complete dentures.

Methods and Materials
Three-dimensional finite element models of maxillary complete dentures with different palatal vault depths (shallow, medium, and deep) and different frenum notch sizes (small, medium, and large) were constructed. The stress concentration was analyzed using Nastran software and displayed in terms of von Mises stress generated under two conditions: dropping on a hard flat surface from a standard distance and applying vertical load to the occlusal surface.

Results
The greatest stress concentration was observed in the labial frenum notch. Stress increased with an increase in the size of the labial frenum notch and a decrease in the depth of the palatal vault. The stress concentration in maxillary denture bases was greater when a vertical load was applied compared with dropping the denture on a hard surface from a standard distance.

Conclusion
Using finite element analysis, the presence of a large labial frenum notch and a shallow palatal vault increased the concentration of stress in maxillary complete dentures. Stress concentration in a maxillary denture base is much greater during the application of a vertical load than when dropping the denture on a hard flat surface.

Clinical Significance
The concentration of stress at the tip of a large frenum notch and in a shallow palatal vault could have a weakening effect on the maxillary complete acrylic resin denture base making it more vulnerable to fracture. In this scenario alternative denture base strengthening strategies, such as using a metal framework, should be considered in the fabrication of maxillary complete dentures.

Citation
Nejatidanesh F, Peimannia E, Savabi O. Effect of Labial Frenum Notch Size and Palatal Vault Depth on Stress Concentration in Maxillary Complete Dentures: A Finite Element Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 May; (10)3:059-066.
An In Vivo Evaluation of Two Types of Files used to Accurately Determine the Diameter of the Apical Constriction of a Root Canal: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Manwar Narendra , Darda Sumeet , Shori D.D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare sizes of the first instrument with or without a taper that binds at the apical constriction of a root canal after coronal flaring.

Methods and Materials
A total of 310 canals were evaluated in patients presenting for root canal therapy. Canals with intact apices were selected. After gaining straight line endodontic access, the coronal third was flared using Gates-Glidden drills. Working length was determined using an apex locator. ISO Standard K-files (tapered) were passively introduced into the canals starting with a No. 15 file. The first K-file size to bind against the canal walls without pushing and to reach the working length was recorded as the FKFB (First K File to Bind). Next, ISO Standard Lightspeed files (non-tapered instruments) starting with No. 20 were then gently introduced by hand to each canal in ascending order to the working length. The first size of a Lightspeed instrument to bind against the canal walls and reach the working length was recorded as FLSB (First Light Speed to Bind). In all instances a larger file was introduced to ensure it could not reach the same depth (i.e., working length). Statistical analysis was carried out using a univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results
The average size of the FLSB to bind against the canal walls first at the working length was approximately two ISO sizes larger than the FKFB (P<0.001).

Conclusion
The clinician should consider introducing a non-tapered instrument to working length after coronal flaring because determination of the initial narrow apical canal diameter plays a major factor in identifying the extent of final apical shaping. Because the first non-tapered instrument that binds the apical constriction is larger than the corresponding tapered instrument, it better reflects the actual narrow apical diameter of the canal.

Clinical Significance
The initiation of canal instrumentation with a K-file size three sizes beyond the mean values of the FLSB will result in greater final enlargement of the canal compared to starting with the FKFB. This increased canal enlargement facilitates improved mechanical and chemical cleansing of the root canal ensuring removal of more microorganisms and their substrates, thus, improving the outcome of the treatment.

Citation
Darda S, Manwar N, Chandak M, Shori DD. An In Vivo Evaluation of Two Types of Files used to Accurately Determine the Diameter of the Apical Constriction of a Root Canal: An In Vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:043-050.
A Review of the Biological and Clinical Aspects of Radiation Caries
Authors: Aguiar Gabrielle P. , Jham Bruno C. , Magalhães Cláudia S. , Sensi Luis G. , Freire Addah R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this article is to review the clinical and biological features underlying the development and progression of radiation caries.

Background
Although radiotherapy (RT) plays an important role in the management of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), it is also associated with several undesired side effects such as radiation caries which is a common, yet serious, complication. To review the condition, the Pubmed database was searched using the keywords “radiotherapy,” “radiation,” “caries,” “hyposalivation,” “prevention” and “management”. Only studies published in the English language were selected. Cross-referencing identified additionally relevant studies.

Review Results
RT leads to alterations in the dentition, saliva, oral microflora, and diet of patients. Consequently, irradiated patients are at increased risk for the development of a rapid, rampant carious process known as radiation caries. Motivation of patients, adequate plaque control, stimulation of salivary flow, fluoride use, and nutritional orientation are essential to reduce the incidence of radiation caries and ultimately improve the quality of life for HNC patients.

Conclusion
Radiation caries is an aggressive side effect of RT. Dentists play an important role in the prevention of the condition via comprehensive oral healthcare before, during, and after the active cancer therapy.

Clinical Significance
Dentists should understand the clinical and biological aspects underlying radiation caries to prevent the development of lesions and provide optimal treatment when needed.

Citation
Aguiar GP, Jham BC, Magalhães CS, Sensi LG, Freire AR. A Review of the Biological and Clinical Aspects of Radiation Caries. J Contemp Dent Pract 2009 July; (10)4:083-089.
The Effect of the Surface Roughness of Porcelain on the Adhesion of Oral Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Al-Marzok Maan Ibrahim , Al-Azzawi Haitham J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
Dental plaque has a harmful influence on periodontal tissue. When a porcelain restoration is fabricated and refinishing of the glazed surface is inevitable, the increase in surface roughness facilitates the adhesion of plaque and its components. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of surface roughness of glazed or polished porcelain on the adhesion of oral Streptococcus mutans.

Methods and Materials
A total of 80 metalceramic specimens were prepared in the form of disks from two porcelain materials and divided into four groups according to the method of surface finishing. Surface roughness values (Ra-μm) for all specimens were recorded using a profilometer. S. mutans bacteria were isolated from saliva and all specimens were inoculated in test tubes containing a bacterial suspension allowing adhesion of the microorganisms to the specimens to occur. After incubation for 24 hours at 37°C, the specimens were transferred to a sterile saline solution and an inoculum of 0.1 ml from each selected dilution was spread on the selective medium, mitis salivarius bacitracin agar (MSB). Bacterial counts, expressed in colony forming unit (CFU) taking into consideration the dilution factor, were recorded.

Results
There was significant correlation (p<0.05) between surface roughness values (Ra-μm) and the amount of bacterial adhesion (CFU×103). The glazed surface was the smoothest and exhibited the least amount of bacterial adhesion.

Conclusions
A positive correlation between surface roughness and the amount of S. mutans adhesion was observed. The glazed porcelain surface was considered more biocompatible than other methods of porcelain surface finishing.

Clinical Significance
Chairside adjustments of the cervical contour or occlusal surface of porcelain restorations are sometimes necessary before or after cementation. Ideally, an uncemented restoration should be returned to the laboratory for reglazing after all adjustments have been completed.
It is important to evaluate various polishing procedures used for these adjusted surfaces to achieve a finished surface that as closely as possible approximates the quality of glazed porcelain.

Citation
Al-Marzok MI, Al-Azzawi HJ. The Effect of the Surface Roughness of Porcelain on the Adhesion of Oral Streptococcus mutans. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2009 Nov; 10(6):017-024. Available from: http://www.thejcdp. com/journal/view/volume10-issue6-al-marzok.
The Restoration of Function and Esthetics of a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta Using a Combination of Orthodontic and Prosthodontic Treatment: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Seema , Kumar Sandeep 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The purpose of this case report is to present the esthetic and functional rehabilitation of the teeth in a 20-year-old patient with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), facial asymmetry due to functional mandibular shift, and unilateral posterior crossbite.

Background
AI is a group of hereditary defects of enamel unassociated with any other generalized defects. AI results in poor development or the complete absence of the enamel of the teeth caused by improper differentiation of ameloblasts.

Case Description
This report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a young female patient with AI and facial asymmetry using a combined orthodontic-prosthodontic approach. Initially, the posterior crossbite, mandibular shift, and facial asymmetry were treated orthodontically. Later, metal-ceramic crowns for posterior teeth and allceramic crowns for anterior teeth were fabricated for final restorations.

Summary
Coordinated orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment, with careful consideration of patient expectations and requests, were critical for a successful outcome and patient satisfaction.

Clinical Significance
The complexity of the management of patients with AI supports the suggestion that the dental profession should have appropriate methods for the rehabilitation of rare dental disorders.

Citation
Kumar S, Gupta S. The Restoration of Function and Esthetics of a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta Using a Combination of Orthodontic and Prosthodontic Treatment: A Case Report. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2009 Nov; 10(6):079-085. Available from: http://www. thejcdp.com/journal/view/volume10-issue6-kumar.