bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFEKTIVITAS PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK MESOCARP Borassus flabellifer PADA PENGENCER BELTSVILLE THAWING SOLUTION TERHADAP VIABILITAS SPERMATOZOA ASAL KAUDA EPIDIDIMIS BABI
Authors: Parera Hermilinda , Ndoen Bernadus , Lenda Victor , Sirat Muhammad Mirandy Pratama 
Published: September 2019

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of adding various concentrations of palm fruit mesocarp (Borassus flabellifer) extract to Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS) diluents on the viability of swines cauda epididymis spermatozoa at 13°C for 4 days. During the storage period, the metabolic activity of spermatozoa will produce free radicals which can reduce spematozoa viability. Borassus flabellifer mesocarp extract contains antioxidants that can counteract free radicals. Testicular and epididymal samples from the 3-4 years old Duroc Landrace Swine Crossbreed. Swine cauda epididymis were obtained from the Oeba Abattoir, Kupang. Cauda epididymis spermatozoa were collected using a combination of incision, rinsing and suppression methods then collected and diluted using BTS and divided into four groups to be given various concentrations of Borassus flabellifer mesocarp extract (K0: without extract; K1: 0.01%; K2: 0.03%; and K3: 0.05 %) and preserved at 13°C for 4 days. Evaluation of spermatozoa viability was carried out microscopically. The results of cauda epididymis sperm viability were K0 = 43.57%; K1 = 54.81%; K2 = 50.52%; and K3 = 49.95%. Analysis of variance showed that the addition Borassus flabellifer mesocarp extract gave a significant difference (P> 0.05) to spermatozoa viability. The Duncan region test showed a significant difference (P <0.05) between treatment K1 with treatments K0, K2 and K3 on the viability of spermatozoa. The conclusions of this study was the addition of Borassus flabellifer mesocarp extract at 0.01% concentration was the most appropriate dose to maintain the viability of swine cauda epididymis spermatozoa. Keywords: Borassus flabellifer, Cauda Epididymal, Mesocarp Extract, Spermatozoa, Swine.
KECERNAAN DAN FERMENTABILITAS SUBSTRAT KOMBINASI MINERAL– FUNGI DALAM RUMEN
Authors: Dhia Khanza Syahira , Kamil Kurnia A. , Tanuwira Hidayat 
Published: September 2019

This study aims to determine the digestibility and fermentability of mineral-fungal combinations. The benefit of this study was to obtain data from the digestibility and fermentability of mineral-fungi combinations. The study was carried out in vitro with a completely randomized factorial 2 × 4 design with 3 replications. The variables observed were dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, total VFA production (total volatile fatty acid), and NH3. The data obtained were then analyzed using variance test (ANOVA), if there was an influence on the variables measured, it will be followed by the Tukey’s Studentized Range test. The results showed that the combination of minerals gave a significant effect (P <0.05) and there was an interaction between mineral-fungi (P <0.05) in the digestibility of organic matter and VFA. The highest result was combination mineral with S. cerevisiae and as individual was combination Cu-Sc and Se-Sc. Keywords: Digestibility, Fermentability, Fungi, Mineral, Rumen.
PENGGUNAAN DAUN UBI KAYU (Manihot esculenta) DENGAN PENGOLAHAN BERBEDA TERHADAP PERFORMA KAMBING PERANAKAN ETAWA JANTAN
Authors: Artanti Okni Winda , Ridla Muhammad , Khotijah Lilis 
Published: September 2019

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of fresh, dried or silage cassava leaf to the performances of male Etawa Crossbreed (EC) goats. Fourteen male EC goats (grouping based on body weight with a weight range K1: 19-20 kg; K2: 20-21 kg; K3: 21-22 kg; K4: 22 kg) were allocated in housed individually throughout 90-day trial duration (14 days for animal's adaptation to the experimental diets and 7 days of faeces collection). Experimental design was randomized complete block design consisted of 3 treatments and 4 replications: concentrate + fresh cassava leaf (T0); concentrate + dried cassava leaf (T1); and concentrate + silage cassava leaf (T2). Concentrat was given at level of 50% (3% BW) and forage was given ad libitum respectively for each treatments. Variables observed were feed intake, digestibility, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), if there were significant effect of treatments were continued using Duncan multiple range test. The results of this experiment showed that the processing of cassava leaf increased on dry matter intake, crude protein, total digestible nutrient (TDN), digestibility, body weight gain, and feed efficiency. The conclusions were processing of cassava leaves improved the consumption and digestibility of male EC goats and the treatment of cassava leaf silage had the best feed efficiency. Keywords: Cassava Leaf, Performance, Digestibility, Male Etawa Crossbreed Goat.
EFEK UMUR PEMANGKASAN INDIGOFERA (Indigofera zollingeriana) PADA MUSIM KEMARAU TERHADAP KANDUNGAN NETRAL DETERGEN FIBER DAN ACID DETERGEN FIBER
Authors: Tantalo Syahrio , Liman Liman , Fathul Farida 
Published: September 2019

This research aims to determine the effect of harvest age Indigofera zollingeriana in dry season on the content of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) and Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF). This research used a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of harvest age at 40 days, harvest age at 55 days, harvest age at 70 days, and harvest age at 85 days. Data were analyzed using Variance Analysis and post-hoc test of Least Significance Different (LSD). The parameters consisted of NDF and ADF. The results of this research indicate that Indigofera zollingeriana which was harvested at 55 days has the highest NDF content (81.61%) and has significantly different (P <0.01) than the NDF content at harvest age of 40 days (70.93%), harvest age 70 days (68.80%), and at harvest age 85 days (67.23%). In addition, Indigofera zollingeriana that was harvested at 55 days has ADF content (56.68%) and at 70 days of harvest had ADF content (54.24%) that was significantly different (P <0.01) compared to ADF content at harvest age of 40 days by 48.35% and the harvest age of 85 days bay 49,41%. It was concluded that Indigofera zollingeriana at the harvest age of 55 days in the dry season was the best harvest age with its NDF content of 81.61% and the ADF content of 56.68%. Therefore, it is recommended to plant Indigofera zollingeriana in the dry season, and it should be harvested at the harvest age of 55 days. Keywords: Acid Detergent Fiber, Dry season, Harvest Age, Indigofera zollingeriana, Neutral Detergent Fiber
A segunda busca do Jesus histórico: um momento de conciliação| The second quest for the historical Jesus: A conciliation moment
Authors: Veliq Fabrício 
Published: September 2019

Falar a respeito do Jesus histórico em contraposição ao Cristo da fé pregado pela Igreja é algo relativamente recente dentro de todo o escopo da teologia cristã. Iniciada em 1748 com o trabalho de Albert Schweitzer, essa questão foi motivo de grandes embates entre Igreja e Ciência histórica, bem como entre os estudiosos dessa temática no âmbito teológico. Dentre as três fases da busca do Jesus histórico, a segunda fase, também conhecida como New Quest, pode ser considerada como um momento de conciliação entre uma posição existencialista focada no Cristo da fé, proposta por Bultmann, e a proposta histórica que resultou das pesquisas de Schweitzer. Este artigo tem o intuito de mostrar como se dá essa conciliação entre o Jesus histórico e o Cristo da fé dentro da mencionada segunda busca, pelo viés da teologia sistemática.
Ciência da Religião e literatura: aproximações a partir dos estudos pós-coloniais | Religious Studies and literature: Approaches from postcolonial studies
Authors: Pimentel Claudio Santana 
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo propõe uma aproximação entre os estudos pós-coloniais e a Ciência da Religião, buscando subsídios para uma análise do texto literário como fonte de pesquisa nos estudos de Religião, principalmente em relação às experiências religiosas das populações subalternizadas.
Novel technique for prevention of rotation of the distal phalanx relative to the hoof wall in horses with acute laminitis
Authors: Carmalt Kathryn P. , Carmalt James L. , Henderson Kirsten , Allen Andrew L. , Wilson David G. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the holding capacity of a 5.5-mm-diameter cortical bone screw when placed in the third phalanx (P3) of horses and assess whether screw placement through the dorsal hoof wall into P3 would be tolerated by clinically normal horses and would alleviate signs of pain and prevent P3 rotation in horses with oligofructose-induced laminitis.

ANIMALS
40 limbs from 10 equine cadavers and 19 clinically normal adult horses.

PROCEDURES
In part 1 of a 3-part study, a 5.5-mm-diameter cortical bone screw was inserted by use of a lag-screw technique through the dorsal hoof wall midline into P3 of 40 cadaveric limbs and tested to failure to determine screw pullout force. In part 2, 6 horses had 5.5-mm-diameter cortical bone screws placed in both forefeet as described for part 1. Screws were removed 4 days after placement. Horses were monitored for lameness before and for 2 weeks after screw removal. In part 3, 13 horses were randomly assigned to serve as controls (n = 3) or undergo screw placement without (group 2; 6) or with (group 3; 4) a washer. Following the acquisition of baseline data, horses were sedated and administered oligofructose (10 g/kg) via a stomach tube. Twenty-four hours later, screws were placed as previously described in both forefeet of horses in groups 2 and 3. Horses were assessed every 4 hours, and radiographic images of the feet were obtained at 96 and 120 hours after oligofructose administration. Horses were euthanized, and the feet were harvested for histologic examination.

RESULTS
The mean ± SD screw pullout force was 3,908.7 ± 1,473.4 N, and it was positively affected by the depth of screw insertion into P3. Horses of part 2 tolerated screw placement and removal well and did not become lame. All horses of part 3 developed signs of acute lameness, and the distance between P3 and the dorsal hoof wall increased slightly over time. The change in the ratio of the dorsal hoof wall width at the extensor process of P3 to that at the tip of P3 over time was the only variable significantly associated with treatment.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Placement of a 5.5-mm-diameter cortical bone screw through the dorsal hoof wall into P3 had sufficient holding power to counteract the pull of the deep digital flexor tendon in approximately 500-kg horses, and placement of such a screw was well tolerated by clinically normal horses but did not alleviate signs of pain in horses with oligofructose-induced laminitis. Further research is necessary before this technique can be recommended for horses with naturally occurring acute laminitis.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of oral transmucosal and intravenous administration of dexmedetomidine in dogs
Authors: Dent Brian T. , Aarnes Turi K. , Wavreille Vincent A. , Lakritz Jeffrey , Lerche Phillip , KuKanich Butch , Riccó Pereira Carolina H. , Bednarski Richard M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the injectable formulation of dexmedetomidine administered via the oral transmucosal (OTM) route to healthy dogs.

ANIMALS
6 healthy dogs.

PROCEDURES
Injectable dexmedetomidine was administered IV (5 μg/kg) or via the OTM route (20 μg/kg) in a blinded, single-observer, randomized crossover study. Dogs received dexmedetomidine and a sham treatment at each administration. Serial blood samples were collected from a catheter in a saphenous vein. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and subjective sedation score were assessed for 24 hours after administration. Plasma samples were analyzed for dexmedetomidine concentrations by use of ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

RESULTS
For the OTM route, the mean ± SD maximum plasma concentration was 3.8 ± 1.3 ng/mL, which was detected 73 ± 33 minutes after administration. The mean maximum concentration for the IV dose, when extrapolated to the time of administration, was 18.6 ± 3.3 ng/mL. The mean terminal-phase half-life was 152 ± 146 minutes and 36 ± 6 minutes for OTM and IV administration, respectively. After IV administration, total clearance was 8.0 ± 1.6 mL/min/kg and volume of distribution at steady state was 371 ± 72 mL/kg. Bioavailability for OTM administration of dexmedetomidine was 11.2 ± 4.5%. Peak sedation scores did not differ significantly between routes of administration. Decreases in heart rate, respiratory rate, and peak sedation score were evident sooner after IV administration.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
OTM administration of the injectable formulation of dexmedetomidine resulted in a similar degree of sedation and prolonged duration of action, compared with results for IV administration, despite relatively low bioavailability.
O ESTADO DE COISAS INCONSTITUCIONAL: UM MECANISMO DO NOVO CONSTITUCIONALISMO LATINO-AMERICANO
Authors: Santos de Melo Celso Eduardo , Lima Walenberg Rodrigues 
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo tem por escopo analisar o fenômeno do estado de coisas inconstitucional, perpassando pela origem, características, requisitos e aplicação dentro dos países da América Latina. Esse novo mecanismo de controle de constitucionalidade amplia o papel das cortes constitucionais[1]para além da mera declaração de incompatibilidade da norma para com a lei fundamental, posto que incide sobre uma falha ou omissão de matiz estrutural do Estado, que de forma massiva vilipendia os direitos fundamentais e humanos da coletividade. Ademais, analisar-se-á o contexto brasileiro quanto à aplicação desse mecanismo de índole constitucional, em especial, as perspectivas de uma evolução jurisprudencial no STF quando do julgamento de mérito da APPF nº 347. Por fim, buscar-se-á demonstrar que para além da densificação do princípio da colaboração harmônica, e portanto, de uma ressignificação do ideal da separação dos poderes, o estado de coisas inconstitucional desempenha um papel ativo na consolidação de um novo constitucionalismo latino-americano, marcado pela ruptura com o colonialismo epistemológico tradicional, e preocupado, sobretudo, com a resolução dos problemas latino-americanos a partir de um viés que considere a história, culturas e particularidades dos povos latinos, enfim, a partir, de um pensar decolonial e próprio latino-americano. Para isso, utilizou-se do método de pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica[1] O termo “cortes constitucionais” não foi usado neste trabalho em seu sentido estrito, já que o STF não pode ser considerado como tribunal constitucional, apesar de ter como função o controle de constitucionalidade das normas.
The identity policy and its effect in the stability of Middle East after 2010
Authors: Kadhim Alesammi Ali Hussein 
Published: September 2019

Since 2010 Middle East have many events or what they call "Arab spring events" which it result of overthrow governments and the rise of new political groups, all of this elements was resulting of many international and regional activities and making new regional and international axles, as well as the intersections of the different regional interests, therefore this research will try to study the stability and instability in the region as an independent variable not according to the neorealism or neoliberalism theories, but according to the constructivism theory which it base their assumptions on:
"In the international relations the non-physical structures of international interactions are determined by the identities of the players, which in turn determine the interests that determine the behavior of international players." So the research questions are:
1-What is the identity policy and haw affect in international relations?
2-How the social construct affect in international relations?
3-How the elite's identities for the main actors in the Middle East affect in the regional axles?
The Future of Sub-National Governments in a Supra-National World - Lessons from the European Union
Authors: Hopkins John 
Published: September 2019

The development of the EU over the last 50 years is not the only revolution to have taken place in Europe. There has also been the emergence of sub-national entities and autonomous regional governments to represent them. These are accommodated in various constitutional arrangements throughout the EU. This paper argues that the development of supra-national governance must be recognised as a structure requiring a different approach from those of the executive dominated structures of international law. This paper examines in particular sub-national governments and their role in the EU and considers the capacity of supra-national structures to incorporate sub-national institutions and interests.
The Future of Criminal Law within the European Union - Union Law or Community Law Competence?
Authors: Murshetz Verena 
Published: September 2019

Recent developments regarding criminal matters within the European Union (EU) show a trend towards a supranational criminal competence, which could be realised before the entry into force of the European Constitution whose future is uncertain. The strongest indicators in this development are two judgments of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), one that extends the powers of the European Community (EC) over the protection of the environment through criminal sanctions and the other applying the principle of conforming interpretation to framework decisions . This trend is questionable though, as the Treaty of the European Union (TEU) does not confer a criminal competence upon the EC. The third pillar containing criminal matters is intergovernmental in nature. This article critically discusses the recent trend and presents arguments against an implied supranational criminal law within the EU.
Democratising or Demonising the World Heritage Convention?
Authors: Affolder Natasha 
Published: September 2019

In recent disputes surrounding mining projects in and around World Heritage sites, the legitimacy of the World Heritage Convention regime has been attacked for a host of democratic failings. These accusations of 'democratic deficits' originate from both opponents and supporters of the Convention regime. They challenge the compatibility of international processes with national law and institutions, raise questions of accountability and transparency, and revisit tensions between state sovereignty and common heritage. This paper traces these perceptions of democratic shortcomings in the regime to certain misunderstandings of the Convention, to failed participatory processes at the national level, and to the challenges posed by vague and illdefined treaty obligations. At the same time as it unveils democratic concerns about the evolving nature of the treaty regime, this paper challenges us to consider the democratic strengths of the Convention.
John Salmond and Native Title in New Zealand: Developing a Crown Theory on the Treaty of Waitangi, 1910-1920
Authors: Hickford Mark 
Published: September 2019

This extended essay argues for a new approach towards the writing of constitutional histories of the Crown within New Zealand. It looks specifically at the conceptions of the relationship between the Treaty of Waitangi, the common law and customary interests that the Crown and its legal advisors actually employed in internal deliberation and external positioning. In looking at the processes for articulating the Crown's preferred legal position during John Salmond's tenure as Solicitor-General, this article notes the overwhelming prevalence of statute and Treaty-based conceptions in law (as well as areas of historical change and discontinuity). Common law approaches emerged in the later twentieth century through newly minted theories or doctrines of aboriginal title but were never regarded as distinct options by the historical actors themselves. The concern of this article is with how those actors – most notably Salmond – conceived, acted upon and adapted their perception of the Crown's constitutional obligations to Māori. In mapping the course of a Crown legal "register" or way of speaking about native title and the Treaty of Waitangi, the essay aims to reveal the rich and contested nuances of the approaches assumed by the legal advisors to the Crown on the question of the Treaty from 1910 until 1920 and its relevance to a governmental outlook on customary property.
The Salmond Lecture
Authors: Simpson AWB 
Published: September 2019

In his lecture Professor Simpson places John Salmond's jurisprudential books, his First Principles of Jurisprudence and his Jurisprudence text book within both the context of the English text book tradition and the more specific context of the English tradition of the general jurisprudence book. Having pointed out that Salmond’s major text book was indeed written for students, Professor Simpson examines Salmond’s explanation of judicial reasoning and whether it can differentiated from other modes of thought. While ultimately Professor Simpson suggests that John Salmond's account of legal thought is not complete, he concludes that it can be favourably compared with other attempts to resolve the question. In particular, Professor Simpson contrasts John Salmond and his contemporaries’ efforts favourably with the efforts of the prominent Oxford legal philosopher HLA Hart. For his own part, Professor Simpson ultimately considers that perhaps there is not so much special about legal thinking when compared to other processes of rational decision making in everyday practical affairs.
Simple, Fair and Discretionary Administrative Law
Authors: Knight Dean R 
Published: September 2019

This article discusses the immense contribution Lord Cooke made to the development of administrative law in New Zealand. It focuses on his desire for simplicity, his pursuit of fairness and his acceptance of discretion. In particular, this article examines the different ways this tripartite set of themes manifest themselves in and throughout the orthodox tripartite grounds of judicial review in New Zealand.
Liability of Lessees and Assignees of Commercial Leases in New Zealand
Authors: Tait Emma 
Published: September 2019

This article concerns the liability of lessees and assignees of commercial leases in New Zealand. This is a complicated area of the law and, as an analysis of the historical context shows, one that was ripe for reform. The Property Law Act project which culminated with the enactment of the Property Law Act 2007 provided an opportunity to undertake this reform. However, this article shows that the resulting Act not only fails to correct existing deficiencies in this area but also places an increased burden on assignees that cannot be justified by reference to privity of contract or privity of estate.
Force Majeure and Hardship in International Sales Contracts
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg 
Published: September 2019

This article takes an analytical look of the concepts of force majeure and hardship when attempting to extract oneself from an agreement. The article starts off with a brief summary of their historical background and their presence in various domestic legal systems, such as France, Germany and the Netherlands. It goes on to examine the Convention on the International Sale of Goods (CISG) which does not have force majeure and hardship provisions but does have a provision that has the same effect. The article goes on to describe the requirements for avoiding liability in international sales contracts and concludes with the consequences of force majeure and hardship.