bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social context and dominance status contribute to sleep patterns and quality in groups of freely-moving mice
Authors: Karamihalev Stoyo , Flachskamm Cornelia , Kimura Mayumi , Chen Alon 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn many socially-living species, sleep patterns are subject to group influences, as individuals adjust to the presence, daily rhythms, and social pressures inherent to cohabitation. Disturbances in social functioning are comorbid with sleep problems in many prevalent psychiatric disorders, most notably, autism-spectrum, mood, and anxiety disorders (e.g., [1-3]). Our understanding of the common causality and the interplay between sleep impairment and psychiatric symptomatology could greatly benefit from experimental paradigms that allow simultaneous assessment of both domains of functioning. In laboratory mice, much is known about the sensitivity of sleep quality to a variety of experimental manipulations. Due to existing methodological restrictions, however, sleep studies are typically conducted in single-housed mice, thereby neglecting the influence of social dynamics and group-derived individual differences (however, see [4,5]). Here, we investigated sleep in a semi-naturalistic environment with freely-moving socially-housed groups of male mice using wireless electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring devices and automated video tracking. In addition to multiple days of continuous behavioral data, we collected over fifty hours of EEG signal per mouse, recording simultaneously from all individuals in a group. We found evidence of in-group synchrony of sleep state patterns. Moreover, social status was a powerful predictor of sleep quality, such that sleep fragmentation, slow-wave sleep power, and rapid eye movement (REM) episode duration differed as a function of dominance status in the group. Finally, acute stress exposure had differential effects on REM sleep during recovery in dominant versus subordinate individuals. These findings highlight the importance of exploring sleep in a social context and are a step toward more informative research on the interplay between social functioning and sleep.
The impact of coregistration of gradient recalled echo images on quantitative susceptibility and R2* mapping at 7T
Authors: Choi Seongjin , Li Xu , Harrison Daniel M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionWhile image coregistration is inevitable and quantitative parametric maps, such as R2* and QSM, are increasingly used in multi-parametric studies of the brain, there is a lack of investigations on the reliability of quantitative metrics after coregistration. The purposes of this study were 1) to evaluate the reliability of R2* and QSM at 7T and 2) to assess the statistical agreement in the quantitative metrics obtained by two different coregistration approaches.MethodsWe compared the reliability of R2* and quantitative susceptibility maps obtained from brains of eight healthy participants by two coregistration approaches: 1) transformation of pre-processed quantitative maps and 2) processing quantitative maps after transformation using pixel- and ROI-based analyses. Two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U, Paired T, Intraclass-correlation tests were performed appropriately.ResultsR2* remained invariant regardless of the cogeneration timing. However, magnetic susceptibility was significantly altered when processed in transformed space, whereas it remained invariant in all KS-tests and pixel values were only different in 2 out of 64 U-tests for direct QSM coregistration. Paired t-test revealed that ROI-based group-mean R2* was invariant to both approaches, while group-mean susceptibility was invariant to direct coregistration but differed in one structure processed in transformed space. For all pairs of measurements of R2*, ICCs were excellent. ICCs for magnetic susceptibility were excellent when processed in its native space while the ICCs were lower than 0.9 or poor when processed in transformed space. Further analysis revealed that the choice of interpolation approach affected the resultant QSM.ConclusionsOur study shows that R2* could be safely processed in a transformed space, whereas QSM was less reliable when processed in the transformed space. Hence, caution is advised when using QSM in a multi-parametric study, and it is strongly recommended to process QSM in its native space prior to any coregistration or spatial transformation.
Cold Shock Fail to Restrain Pre-formedVibrio parahaemolyticusBiofilm
Authors: Yu Wenying , Han Qiao , Song Xueying , Fu Jiaojiao , Liu Haiquan , Guo Zhuoran , Malakar Pradeep K , Pan Yingjie , Zhao Yong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe source of persistent infections can be biofilms that occur naturally on food surfaces and medical biomaterials. Biofilm formation on these materials are likely to be affected by environmental temperature fluctuations and information on noticeable temperature shifts on the fate of pre-formed biofilm is sparse. Changes to pre-formedVibrio parahaemolyticusbiofilm under cold shock (4 °C and 10 °C) was explored in this study. We show thatV. parahaemolyticusbiofilm biomass increased significantly during this cold shock period and there was a gradual increase of polysaccharides and proteins content in the extracellular polymeric matrix (EPS). In addition, we demonstrate that the expression of flagella and virulence-related genes were differentially regulated. The architecture of the biofilm, quantified using mean thickness (MT), average diffusion distance (ADD), porosity (P), biofilm roughness (BR) and homogeneity (H) also changed during the cold shock and these parameters were correlated (P < 0.01). However, the correlation between biofilm architecture and biofilm-related genes expression was relatively weak (P < 0.05). Cold shock at 4 °C and 10 °C is not sufficient to reduceV. parahaemolyticusbiofilm formation and strategies to reduce risk of foodborne infections should take this information into account.
Epidemiology ofStaphylococcus aureusin Neonates on Admission to a Chinese Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Geng Wenjing , Qi Yujie , Li Wenting , McConvillle Thomas H. , Hill-Ricciuti Alexandra , Grohs Emily , Saiman Lisa , Uhlemann Anne-Catrin 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTPurposeLittle is known about the molecular epidemiology ofStaphylococcus aureusin Chinese neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). We describe the molecular epidemiology ofS. aureusisolated from neonates on admission to Beijing Children’s Hospital.MethodsFrom May 2015-March 2016, nasal swabs were obtained on admission from 536 neonates. Cultures were also obtained from body sites with suspected infections.S. aureusisolates were characterized by staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec) type, staphylococcal protein A (spa) type, multilocus sequence type (MLST),sasXgene, antimicrobial susceptibility and cytotoxicity. Logistic regression assessed risk factors for colonization.ResultsOverall, 92 (18%) infants were colonized withS. aureusand 23 (4%) were diagnosed with culture-positiveS. aureusinfection. Of the colonized infants, 72% harbored MSSA, while 74% of infected infants were culture-positive for MRSA. Risk factors for colonization included female sex, age 7-28 days, birthweight and vaginal delivery. The most common MRSA and MSSA clones were community-associated ST59-SCCmecIVa-t437 (60%) and ST188-t189 (15%), respectively. ThesasXgene was not detected. Some MSSA isolates (16%) were penicillin-susceptible and some MRSA isolates (18%) were oxacillin-susceptible. MRSA and MSSA had similar cytotoxicity, but colonizing strains were less cytotoxic than strains associated with infections.ConclusionsS. aureuscolonization was common in infants admitted to our NICU and two community-associated clones predominated. Several non-modifiable risk factors forS. aureuscolonization were identified. These results suggest that screening infants forS. aureusupon admission and targeting decolonization of high-risk infants and/or those colonized with high-risk clones could be useful to prevent transmission.
Oscillations, criticality and responsiveness in complex brain networks
Authors: Kim MinKyung , Lee UnCheol 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBrain networks during unconscious states resulting from sleep, anesthesia, or traumatic injuries are associated with a limited capacity for complex responses to stimulation. Even during the conscious resting state, responsiveness to stimulus is highly dependent on spontaneous brain activities. Many empirical findings have been suggested that the brain responsiveness is determined mainly by the ongoing brain activity when a stimulus is given. However, there has been no systematic study exploring how such various brain activities with high or low synchronization, amplitude, and phase response to stimuli. In this model study, we simulated large-scale brain network dynamics in three brain states (below, near, and above the critical state) and investigated a relationship between ongoing oscillation properties and a stimulus decomposing the brain activity into fundamental oscillation properties (instantaneous global synchronization, amplitude, and phase). We identified specific stimulation conditions that produce varying levels of brain responsiveness. When a single pulsatile stimulus was applied to globally desynchronized low amplitude of oscillation, the network generated a large response. By contrast, when a stimulus was applied to specific phases of oscillation that were globally synchronized with high amplitude activity, the response was inhibited. This study proposes the oscillatory conditions to induce specific stimulation outcomes in the brain that can be systematically derived from networked oscillator properties, and reveals the presence of state-dependent temporal windows for optimal brain stimulation. The identified relationship will help advance understanding of the small/large responsiveness of the brain in different states of consciousness and suggest state-dependent methods to modulate responsiveness.Author SummaryA responsiveness of the brain network to external stimulus is different across brain states such as wakefulness, sleep, anesthesia, and traumatic injuries. It has been shown that responsiveness of the brain during conscious state also varies due to the diverse transient states of the brain characterized by different global and local oscillation properties. In this computational model study using large-scale brain network, we hypothesized that the brain responsiveness is determined by the interactions of networked oscillators when a stimulus is applied to the brain. We examined relationships between responsiveness of the brain network, global synchronization levels, and instantaneous oscillation properties such as amplitude and phase in different brain states. We found specific stimulation conditions of the brain that produce large or small levels of responsiveness. The identified relationship suggests the existence of temporal windows that periodically inhibit sensory information processing during conscious state and develops state-dependent methods to modulate brain responsiveness considering dynamically changed functional brain network.
Design of the variable frequency oscillator in DC-DC converter
Authors: Lei Tian , Gong Nan , Wang Li , Li Qin Qin , Wang Heng Wei 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
Because of the logic delay in the converter, the minimum turn on time of the switch is influenced by the constant time. When the inductor current gets to the threshold of the chip, the control signal will delay for a period. This makes the inductor current rising with the increasing of the clock and leads to the load current out of control. Thus, this paper aims to design an oscillator with a variable frequency protection function.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents an oscillator with the reducing frequency applied in the DC-DC converter. When the converter works normally, the operating frequency of the oscillator is 1.5 MHz. So the inductor current has enough time to decay and prevent the power transistor damaging. After the abnormal condition, the converter returns to the normal operating mode automatically.

Findings
Based on 0.5 µm CMOS process, simulated by the HSPICE, the simulation results shows that the frequency of the oscillator linearly decreases from 1.5 MHz to 380 KHz when the feedback voltage less than 0.2 V. The maximum deviation of the oscillator frequency is only 6 per cent from −50°C to 125°C within the power supply voltage of 2.7-5.5 V.

Originality/value
When the light load occurs at the output stage, the oscillator frequency will decrease as the load voltage drops. The test results shows that when the circuit works in the normal condition, the oscillator frequency is 1.5 MHz. When the load decreased, the operating frequency is dropped dramatically.
Applying the HUL approach to walled towns of Mediterranean seaport cities
Authors: Colavitti Anna Maria , Usai Alessia 
Published: January 2019

Purpose
In last year, the innovations in shipbuilding and logistics have opened the walled towns of Mediterranean port cities to cruise tourism and other culture-led regeneration strategies. Thus, walled towns in Mediterranean port cities have a particular development potential which questions about the opportunities and risks connected to any comprehensive regeneration strategy with a cultural and tourist purpose, especially for fortified systems whose continuity has been undermined. The paper aims to provide some guidelines for policy-makers and planners in port cities which have decided or are deciding to develop a comprehensive strategy and a knowledge framework for the walled town similar to those already adopted for fortified sites in the World Heritage List.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper investigates on the opportunities and risks connected to any comprehensive regeneration strategy with a cultural and tourist purpose for the walled towns through a comparative analysis of four Mediterranean seaport cities, selected as case studies. Cities which have developed an integrated strategy to inscribe their walled towns to the UNESCO’s World Heritage List.

Findings
On the base of the case studies’ analysis, the paper proposes a critical reflection upon the management strategies for the UNESCO’s walled towns and supports a better understating of context factors as a way to strengthen the HUL approach when applied to Mediterranean seaport cities.

Originality/value
The paper sheds light on the application of the historic urban landscape approach to the walled towns of Mediterranean seaport cities. The paper is original because it provides: guidelines for policy-makers and planners in walled towns of Mediterranean seaport cities which have decided or are deciding to develop a comprehensive regeneration strategy for the city centre in line with those adopted in UNESCO’s fortified sites; a critical reflection upon the context factors which can strengthen the HUL approach when applied to Mediterranean seaport cities; criteria to update the HUL approach by UNESCO in analysing the conservation state, the managerial aspects, the participation and social aspects of walled towns.
Content validity of the WorkHab functional capacity evaluation
Authors: James Carole , MacKenzie Lynette , Capra Mike 
Published: January 2019

IntroductionValidity is a dynamic process and as part of a continual process of evaluation of tools, this study aimed to evaluate content validity of the WorkHab functional capacity evaluation, a tool used in occupational rehabilitation.MethodsA cross sectional survey of health professionals who conduct FCEs investigated their ratings of item relevance and item difficulty across different categories of work and injuries. The survey also explored the relationship of the WorkHab FCE items with the physical demand items of the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT).ResultsThe majority of items of the WorkHab FCE were rated as relevant for manual work and vocational retraining with over 90% agreement between the 106 respondents. Therapists identified the WorkHab items of climbing, crawling and balance as less relevant for sedentary work. Lifting items were perceived as the most difficult for those with a lower back injury, or an upper limb injury. Sixteen of the 18 WorkHab FCE items had 100% agreement with the equivalent items on the DOT. The WorkHab FCE items that had poor agreement with the DOT were mainly sensory items such as see, feel, talk and hear.ConclusionsThe findings of this study support the content validity for the WorkHab FCE specifically in relation to manual work and for vocational retraining purposes.
Cheating or legitimate support? Student‐Teachers’ attitudes toward digital tools in school
Authors: Karlsudd Peter 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSweden has easy access to digital technology, and the majority of the country’s teachers have good digital skills. Despite this, in comparison with teachers in other European countries, there are few teachers who integrate digital tools on a daily basis into their teaching. It is not uncommon for computers and word‐processing programmes in the realm of schooling to be regarded as compensatory aids for pupils who need special support. For written examinations, usually the only implements permitted are pencil and paper, and at most schools to use the computer requires special certification. The present study has investigated future teachers’ attitudes toward digital tools and their willingness to allow pupils to use these to help them read and produce texts. How do student‐teachers regard digital artifacts? Do they see these as compensatory aids or daily, legitimate tools? Are there any significant differences in their views depending on the type of teacher education programme or how far the student has advanced in his or her education? To investigate these questions, an online survey was conducted in which 247 students from five different teacher education programmes participated. The results show that future teachers’ acceptance of digital tools is varied. Roughly, one can divide the respondents into three groups, where the first group, making up more than a third, has clearly a positive attitude toward the use of digital tools in instruction. The second group, which makes up a smaller proportion, has an ambivalent stance towards the use of digital tools and expresses uncertainty in questions regarding their use in instruction and during examinations. The third group is much more reserved about ICT‐use in school and in several cases openly negative. Based on these results, it is critical to discuss how the different types of teachers can ensure equivalence in the school mission. If teacher education wants to work towards encouraging and legitimizing the use of digital resources, there must be a clear effort made in their education and application. That knowledge and skills open up for change is one of the most important results shown in this study.
Guiding Teachers of Students with Visual Impairments to Make Assistive Technology Decisions: Preliminary Experience Using the Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative
Authors: Wong Meng Ee 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite the availability of assistive technology frameworks as a tool to aid in the process of decision making, teachers of students with visual impairments in Singapore have had little awareness of or experience in using such frameworks to guide them when making choices about assistive technology. Much of the selection had previously been made mainly on observations, intuitions and general recommendations, rendering the decision‐making task subjective and overwhelming. This article presents the trial experience of three teachers with the Wisconsin Assistive Technology Initiative (WATI). Participants compared and contrasted their experience with and without WATI in their work with students, reflecting on its application to their work. While the systematic approach towards considering assistive technology emerged as a strong reason for the framework, administrative demands including time and knowledge in assistive technology were some reported challenges. This article reports on the teachers’ initial impressions and puts forward some recommendations for adopting WATI.
Working with Intuition
Authors: NANGIA ANISH 
Published: January 2019

Evidence, today, can have very narrow definitions. For digital products, this type of evidence usually includes clicks and engagement metrics. I believe that in our effort to only listen to numbers and data, we have created a culture that looks down on intuition as something messy and to be rejected. As a result, we train ourselves to cast our intuition aside. When we do listen, we dare not speak up about it.Intuition is a part of what makes us human. It is often the primary way we make sense of our work (and the world around us). Yet, we continue to focus only on rationality and logic. Ultimtately, the goal of this piece is to present intuition from a different lens – to understand it, learn to listen to it and create spaces where we talk about it.
Contextual Breathing
Authors: JEFFRIES APRIL 
Published: January 2019

Title: Contextual Breathing – The importance of opening in an increasingly closed world. Context cannot be ignored. The ability to pull back, observe and listen deeply balanced with internal analysis and reflection has significant impact on our individual and societal health. Myopic views that ignore or distort what is happening around us have resulted in a social, cultural and political bipolar effect that occurs within a narrow spectrum of isolation. Extreme swings from close‐minded tribes to secluded self dialogue, wreak havoc on our broader needs for transcendence and compassion.A study of middle‐class moms in America, found a pull toward insular communities in unexpected places. Hostile or challenging political arguments were increasingly infiltrating conversations in venues ranging from Facebook to book club. Emotional eruptions in previously “safe spaces” caused retreats to like‐minded groups. Women who may have otherwise enjoyed open curiosity or stimulating debate, in these situations, were ill‐equipped to handle feelings of rejection and separation. Tribal political behavior was a result of stress and a deep sense of loss.The rhythmic balance of convergence and divergence is as necessary as breathing, to fairly assess external realities and form rational individual opinions. Ethnography is a prime opportunity to build this context. Revealing non‐judgmental stories of those unlike ourselves, we draw back from the myopic focus, which initiates a return to the center with deeper understanding and empathy.
Multiple Factors Including Infections and Antibiotics Affecting New‐Onset Epilepsy in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Lu Keda , Xia Hong 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates some clinical characteristics of maintenance hemodialysis patients with new‐onset epilepsy. Thirty‐five patients with new‐onset epilepsy who underwent maintenance hemodialysis were selected for study. Sixty patients undergoing routine hemodialysis were selected as the control group. We evaluated and compared the general characteristics, clinical features, and prognosis of patients in both groups. Investigation of the etiology of the 35 cases of new‐onset epilepsy identified 17 cases of metabolic encephalopathy, six cases of viral encephalitis, five cases of cerebral infarction, five cases of cerebral hemorrhage, and two cases of purulent meningitis. Among the 35 patients, 19 experienced improvement in their condition and 16 patients died. The overall mortality rate was 45.71%. There were statistically significant differences between the epilepsy group and control group in gender, incidence of fever, application of antibiotic treatment, levels of serum albumin, and the clinical course of hypertension (P < 0.05). Maintenance hemodialysis patients who experience new‐onset epilepsy are often critically ill with rapid progression of disease and a high mortality rate. Female dialysis patients complicated with infections, antibiotics use and hypoalbuminemia are more likely to develop epilepsy.