bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whole‐genome sequencing of synchronous thyroid carcinomas identifies aberrant DNA repair in thyroid cancer dedifferentiation
Authors: Paulsson Johan O , Backman Samuel , Wang Na , Stenman Adam , Crona Joakim , Thutkawkorapin Jessada , Ghaderi Mehran , Tham Emma , Stålberg Peter , Zedenius Jan , Juhlin C Christofer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe genetics underlying thyroid cancer dedifferentiation is only partly understood and has not yet been characterised using comprehensive pan‐genomic analyses. We investigated a unique case with synchronous follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), as well as regional lymph node metastases from the PDTC and ATC from a single patient using whole‐genome sequencing (WGS). The FTC displayed mutations in CALR, RB1, and MSH2, and the PDTC exhibited mutations in TP53, DROSHA, APC, TERT, and additional DNA repair genes – associated with an immense increase in sub‐clonal somatic mutations. All components displayed an overrepresentation of C>T transitions with associated microsatellite instability (MSI) in the PDTC and ATC, with borderline MSI in the FTC. Clonality analyses pinpointed a shared ancestral clone enriched for mutations in TP53‐associated regulation of DNA repair and identified important sub‐clones for each tumour component already present in the corresponding preceding lesion. This genomic characterisation of the natural progression of thyroid cancer reveals several novel genes of interest for future studies. Moreover, the findings support the theory of a stepwise dedifferentiation process and suggest that defects in DNA repair could play an important role in the clonal evolution of thyroid cancer. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring Frailty in Inpatient Rehabilitation
Authors: Roberts Pamela S. , Aronow Harriet U. , Parker Jordan , Riggs Richard V. 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundIn response to the global aging population, there has been increasing research on frailty. How frailty is conceptualized is shifting with the development of frailty models, especially in the acute care arena.ObjectiveTo explore frailty/vulnerability risk factors available at admission that were associated with salient patient outcomes within the context of inpatient rehabilitation.DesignMethodologies in acute care are not easily adapted for a typical admission evaluation or a rehabilitation patient. In this study, the concept of frailty among patients admitted to rehabilitation was developed from risk factors available at admission that were associated with two patient outcomes, adverse hospital outcomes and 30‐day hospital readmissions.Setting: Inpatient rehabilitation.PatientsData were included on all patients (n = 768) discharged from an inpatient rehabilitation unit of an academic medical center from 1 January 2012 through 31 December 2012.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureAdverse events within the inpatient rehabilitation stay and 30‐day hospital readmissions.ResultsSignificant independent factors associated with adverse events in the rehabilitation unit included African American (1.77 OR; 95% CI 1.06‐2.96), Hispanic (3.17 OR; 95% CI 1.13‐8.94), having >9 total comorbid conditions (1.44 OR; 95% CI 1.244‐1.66), and sphincter control domain (including bladder and bowel management) ≤ 9 FIM (0.92 OR; 95% CI 0.86‐0.98). For 30‐day readmission three variables were found to be significant: onset ≥7 days (2.31 OR; 95% CI 1.28‐4.22), requiring a tube for feeding (3.45 OR; 95% CI 1.433‐11.12), and being obese (4.72 OR; 95% CI 1.433‐15.58).ConclusionsThe findings highlight the need for early admission screening and identification of risk factors which can provide the time in the rehabilitation setting for the clinical team to treat and prevent the potential for poor outcomes.
Effects of Compatibilizer and Airflow Field on the Formation of Helical Microfibers via Melt Blowing
Authors: Li Hui , Huang Hui , Zeng Yongchun 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTWe explore the approaches to improving the fabrication of melt‐blown helical microfibers, which have found the applications in sorption and filtration due to their unique morphology and excellent properties. To explore the effect of compatibilizer on the formation of helical microfiber, polypropylene (PP), polyurethane (TPU), and PP grafted with maleic anhydride (PP‐g‐MAH) are melt blown to fabricate microfibrous nonwovens. The results of rheological test and differential scanning calorimetry show that the addition of PP‐g‐MAH helps to increase the miscibility of the PP/TPU blends. Two die configurations are used to study the effect of airflow filed on the formation of helical microfibers. The computational fluid dynamics simulation results show that the modified swirl die intensifies the swirling strength of the melt blowing airflow. The addition of compatibilizer and modification of the airflow field both benefit the formation of helical microfibers from polymer blends. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1423–1433
An engineered ultra‐high affinity Fab‐Protein G pair enables a modular antibody platform with multifunctional capability
Authors: Slezak Tomasz , Bailey Lucas J. , Jaskolowski Mateusz , Nahotko Dominik A. , Filippova Ekaterina V. , Davydova Elena K. , Kossiakoff Anthony A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEngineered recombinant antibody‐based reagents are rapidly supplanting traditionally derived antibodies in many cell biological applications. A particularly powerful aspect of these engineered reagents is that other modules having myriad functions can be attached to them either chemically or through molecular fusions. However, these processes can be cumbersome and do not lend themselves to high throughput applications. Consequently, we have endeavored to develop a platform that can introduce multiple functionalities into a class of Fab‐based affinity reagents in a “plug and play” fashion. This platform exploits the ultra‐tight binding interaction between affinity matured variants of a Fab scaffold (FabS) and a domain of an immunoglobulin binding protein, protein G (GA1). GA1 is easily genetically manipulatable facilitating the ability to link these modules together like beads on a string with adjustable spacing to produce multivalent and bi‐specific entities. GA1 can also be fused to other proteins or be chemically modified to engage other types of functional components. To demonstrate the utility for the Fab‐GA1 platform, we applied it to a detection proximity assay based on the β‐lactamase (BL) split enzyme system. We also show the bi‐specific capabilities of the module by using it in context of a Bi‐specific T‐cell engager (BiTE), which is a therapeutic assemblage that induces cell killing by crosslinking T‐cells to cancer cells. We show that GA1‐Fab modules are easily engineered into potent cell‐killing BiTE‐like assemblages and have the advantage of interchanging Fabs directed against different cell surface cancer‐related targets in a plug and play fashion.
Increased yield of finger jointed structural timber by accounting for grain orientation utilizing the tracheid effect
Authors: Olsson Anders , Briggert Andreas , Oscarsson Jan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Finger joints in structural timber and glulam lamellae are often used to enable production of long members or to allow for re-connection of parts of a member after removal of weak sections. According to the European Standard EN 15497, certain margins are required between knots and a finger joint in structural timber, which means that a considerable amount of clear wood becomes waste when finger joints are applied. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the possibility of reducing the quantity of waste using different criteria for placement of finger joints. The investigation was based on (1) application of methods of colour scanning and tracheid effect scanning to detect knots and grain disturbance on board surfaces, and (2) interpretation of the requirements of EN 15497 regarding where finger joints may be placed. The standard’s requirement when producing finger joints is that the minimum distance between a knot and a finger joint is three times the knot diameter. The standard allows for the minimum distance between a knot and a finger joint to be shortened to 1.5 times the diameter when the local fibre orientation is measured. Utilizing this in simulated production resulted in reduction of waste from 7.4 to 4.0%, when using finger joints simply to produce timber of long lengths. If finger joints are also used to re-connect parts of members after removal of weak sections, even larger savings can be made. Furthermore, it is concluded that knowledge of fibre orientation obtained from scanning could be used not only to decrease the waste in production but also to increase the quality of finger joints.
TMS reveals inhibitory extrastriate cortico-cortical feedback modulation of V1 activity in humans
Authors: Maniglia M. , Trotter Y. , Aedo-Jury F. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The interaction between the primary visual cortex (V1) and extrastriate visual areas provides the first building blocks in our perception of the world. V2, in particular, seems to play a crucial role in shaping contextual modulation information through feedback projections to V1. However, whether this feedback is inhibitory or excitatory is still unclear. In order to test the nature of V2 feedback to V1, we used neuronavigation-guided offline inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on V2 before testing participants on collinear facilitation, a contrast detection task with lateral masking. This contextual modulation task is thought to rely on horizontal connections in V1 and possibly extrastriate feedback. Results showed that when inhibitory TMS was delivered over V2, contrast thresholds decreased for targets presented in the contralateral hemifield, consistent with the retinotopic mapping of this area, while having no effect for targets presented in the ipsilateral hemifield or after control (CZ) stimulation. These results suggest that feedback from V2 to V1 during contextual modulation is mostly inhibitory, corroborating recent observations in monkey electrophysiology and extending this mechanism to human visual system. Moreover, we provide for the first time direct evidence of the involvement of extrastriate visual areas in collinear facilitation.
Comparison of long fusion terminating at L5 versus the sacrum in treating adult spinal deformity: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jia Fei , Wang Guodong , Liu Xiaoyang , Li Tao , Sun Jianmin 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Choosing an optimal distal fusion level for adult spinal deformity (ASD) is still controversial. To compare the radiographic and clinical outcomes of distal fusion to L5 versus the sacrum in ASD, we conducted a meta-analysis.

Methods
Relevant studies on long fusion terminating at L5 or the sacrum in ASD were retrieved from the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases. Then, studies were manually selected for inclusion based on predefined criteria. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.3.

Results
Eleven retrospective studies with 1211 patients were included in meta-analysis. No significant difference was found in overall complication rate (95% CI 0.60 to 1.30) and revision rate (95% CI 0.59 to 1.99) between fusion to L5 group (L group) and fusion to the sacrum group (S group). Significant lower rate of pseudarthrosis and implant-related complications (95% CI 0.29 to 0.64) as well as proximal adjacent segment disease (95% CI 0.35 to 0.92) was found in L group. Patients in S group obtained a better correction of lumbar lordosis (95% CI − 7.85 to − 0.38) and less loss of sagittal balance (95% CI − 1.80 to − 0.50).

Conclusion
Our meta-analysis suggested that long fusion terminating at L5 or the sacrum was similar in scoliosis correction, overall complication rate, revision rate, and improvement in pain and disability. However, fusion to L5 had advantages in lower rate of pseudarthrosis, implant-related complications, and proximal adjacent segment disease, while fusion to the sacrum had advantages in the restoration of lumbar lordosis, maintenance of sagittal balance, and absence of distal adjacent segment disease.

Graphic abstract
These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Implementing Prior Judicial Decisions as Precedents: The Context of Application and Justification
Authors: Leszczyński Leszek 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper concerns the conditions and methods of using previous judicial decisions as a kind of precedents in the processes of application of law within the statutory legal order. The use of such decisions, not announced by the legislator, depends on the courts, undertaking such actions on the grounds of similarity of cases or of decisional processes. Such decisions do not become an exclusive validation argument and may create a situation of their potential conflict with legal regulations as well as an inferential supplementation of their content. Dissemination of such activity of the courts leads to the development of precedential practice (relevant to the statutory legal order), though, its actual jurisdictional role depends on proper justification of decisions, within which reference to these decisions should be adaptive (in relation to the elements of the current case), generalizing (forming elements of ratio decidendi) as well as argumentative and discursive (in respect of the way in which the decisional reasoning and arguments expressed in the prior justification are used).
Navigated robot-guided pedicle screws placed successfully in single-position lateral lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Huntsman Kade T. , Riggleman Jessica R. , Ahrendtsen Leigh A. , Ledonio Charles G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Minimally invasive lateral interbody fusion has distinct advantages over traditional posterior approaches. When posterior stabilization is needed, percutaneous placement of pedicle screws from the lateral decubitus position may potentially increase safety and improve operative efficiency by precluding the need for repositioning. However, safe placement of pedicle screws in the lateral position remains technically challenging. This study describes the pedicle screw placement of single-position lateral lumbar interbody fusion (SP-LLIF) cases in which navigated robotic assistance was used. A single-surgeon, single-site, retrospective Institutional Review Board-exempt review of the first 55 SP-LLIF navigated robot-assisted spine surgery cases performed by the lead author was conducted. An orthopaedic surgeon evaluated screw placement using plain film radiographs. In addition, pedicle screw malposition, reposition, and return to operating room (OR) rates were collected. In the first 55 SP-LLIF cases, 342 pedicle screws were placed. The average patient age and body mass index were 67 years and 29.5 kg/m2, respectively. Of the 342 screws placed, 4% (14/342) were placed manually without the robot, due to surgeon discretion. Of the 328 screws placed with the robot, 2% (7/328) were repositioned based on the surgeon’s discretion, resulting in a 98% navigated robot-assisted pedicle screw placement success rate. In this cohort there were no revisions due to malpositioned screws. No complications due to screw placement were reported. This study demonstrates a high level (98%) of successful surgeon-assessed pedicle screw placement in minimally invasive navigated robot-assisted SP-LLIF, with no malpositions requiring a return to the OR.
Multicenter Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease immune biomarker verification study
Authors: Brosseron Frederic , Kolbe Carl‐Christian , Santarelli Francesco , Carvalho Stephanie , Antonell Anna , Castro‐Gomez Sergio , Tacik Pawel , Namasivayam Aishwarya Alex , Mangone Graziella , Schneider Reinhard , Latz Eicke , Wüllner Ullrich , Svenningsson Per , Sánchez‐Valle Raquel , Molinuevo José Luis , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Heneka Michael T. ,   on behalf of the AETIONOMY study group
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionMultiple immunity biomarkers have been suggested as tracers of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration. This study aimed to verify findings in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) subjects from the network of the European, Innovative Medicines Initiative–funded project AETIONOMY.MethodsA total of 227 samples from the studies/centres AETIONOMY, ICEBERG, and IDIBAPS were used to analyse 21 selected immunity biomarkers in CSF. Results were compared to data of an independent cohort of 399 subjects previously published.ResultsImmunity markers were predominantly and reproducibly associated with pathological levels of tau isoforms, but also with amyloid levels, aging, sex, APOE genotype, and center‐specific factors.DiscussionImmunity biomarker levels in CSF reflect molecular and cellular pathology rather than diagnosis in neurodegenerative disorders. Assay standardization and stratification for age and other covariates could improve the power of such markers in clinical applications or intervention studies targeting immune responses in neurodegeneration.
Trait responses of Peninsular Malaysian dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) to the loss of megafauna dung
Authors: Goh Thary Gazi , Hashim Rosli 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe extinction of megafauna may lead to the trophic collapse of ecosystems that depend on the dung that they produce. Some dung beetle species may undergo phenotypic changes in response to altered resource availability. The pronotal width of dung beetles is a trait that can be used as a proxy measure for the amount of dung provisioned during the larval stage. In this study conducted in Peninsular Malaysia, we compare the intraspecific difference in pronotal widths of dung beetles in forests with and without megafauna. Beetles were collected using burrowing interception traps baited with elephant dung. Six species with a minimum sample size of 55 beetles per species were used. Pronotum widths were compared using Bayesian estimation (BEST). There was no credible difference between intraspecific pronotal widths of four species, but credible differences between the mean parameters of two species, Liatongus femoratus and Oniticellus tessellatus. Both these species belong to genera that have a close association with megafauna, while the other are believed to be generalists. This may indicate that species that depend on megafauna dung as a breeding resource undergo a phenotypic change following the loss of their preferred dung type. Phenotypic changes appear to be a pathway which allows species to survive the initial trophic collapse of an ecosystem.
Interventions to improve children's access to mental health care: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Werlen L. , Gjukaj D. , Mohler-Kuo M. , Puhan M.A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsMental disorders in children are a significant and growing cause of morbidity worldwide. Although interventions to help overcome barriers along the pathway to accessing health care for children with mental disorders exist, there is no overview of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on these interventions as yet. This study aimed to systematically identify RCTs of interventions to improve access to mental health care for children and synthesise them using a conceptual framework of access to health care.MethodsThis systematic review was performed following a predefined protocol registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42018081714). We searched the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CENTRAL for RCTs up to 15 May 2019 using terms related to the concepts ‘young people,’ ‘mental disorders’ and ‘help-seeking interventions’ and scanned reference lists from relevant studies. Two reviewers independently screened all identified articles in a two-stage process, extracted results on outcomes of interest (knowledge, attitudes, intentions, help-seeking, accessing care, mental health outcomes and satisfaction), assessed the risk of bias and conducted meta-analyses where deemed appropriate.ResultsAfter screening 5641 identified articles, 34 RCTs were eligible for inclusion. Eighty per cent of universal school-based interventions measuring knowledge (n= 5) and 67% measuring attitudes (n= 6) reported significantly better results compared with controls on those outcomes, whereas 20% measuring access to care (n= 5) and none measuring mental health outcomes (n= 7) did. In contrast, 71% of interventions targeting at-risk individuals (n= 21) reported better access to care compared with controls, while just 33% (n= 6) did for mental health outcomes. For satisfaction with care, this proportion was 80% (n= 5). Meta-analyses of interventions measuring initial appointment attendance yielded combined odds ratios of 3.11 (2.07–4.67) for appointment reminder interventions and 3.51 (2.02–6.11) for treatment engagement interventions. The outcomes for universal school-based interventions were heterogeneous and could not be summarised quantitatively through meta-analysis.ConclusionsTo have a population-level effect on improving children's access to mental health care, two-stage interventions that identify those in need and then engage them in the health-care system may be necessary. We need more evidence on interventions to target contextual factors such as affordability and infrastructural barriers.
Characterization of the CO2 System in a Coral Reef, a Seagrass Meadow, and a Mangrove Forest in the Central Red Sea
Authors: Saderne Vincent , Baldry Kimberlee , Anton Andrea , Agustí Susana , Duarte Carlos M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Red Sea is characterized by its high seawater temperature and salinity, and the resilience of its coastal ecosystems to global warming is of growing interest. This high salinity and temperature might also render the Red Sea a favorable ecosystem for calcification and therefore resistant to ocean acidification. However, there is a lack of survey data on the CO2 system of Red Sea coastal ecosystems. A 1‐year survey of the CO2 system was performed in a seagrass lagoon, a mangrove forest, and a coral reef in the central Red Sea, including fortnight seawater sampling and high‐frequency pHT monitoring. In the coral reef, the CO2 system mean and variability over the measurement period are within the range of other world's reefs with pHT, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), pCO2, and Ωarag of 8.016±0.077, 2061±58 μmol/kg, 2415±34 μmol/kg, 461±39 μatm, and 3.9±0.4, respectively. Here, comparisons with an offshore site highlight dominance of calcification and photosynthesis in summer‐autumn, and dissolution and heterotrophy in winter‐spring. In the seagrass meadow, the pHT, DIC, TA, pCO2, and Ωarag were 8.00±0.09, 1986±68 μmol/kg, 2352±49 μmol/kg, 411±66 μatm, and 4.0±0.3, respectively. The seagrass meadow TA and DIC were consistently lower than offshore water. The mangrove forest showed the highest amplitudes of variation, with pHT, DIC, TA, pCO2, and Ωarag, were 7.95±0.26, 2069±132 μmol/kg, 2438±91 μmol/kg, 493±178 μatm, and 4.1±0.6, respectively. We highlight the need for more research on sources and sinks of DIC and TA in coastal ecosystems.