bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair scars preserve decadal‐scale patterns of predation intensity despite short‐term ecological disturbances
Authors: Tyler Carrie L. , Molinaro Darrin J. , Mendonca Steven E. , Schneider Chris L. , Barclay Kristina , Leighton Lindsey R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Recent ecological disturbances have dramatically altered the composition of rocky intertidal Pacific coast communities of North America, particularly top invertebrate predators. Predation is an important regulatory force on intertidal gastropod communities, and the depletion or loss of predators is therefore likely to have a considerable community‐wide short‐term impact. However, assessing the magnitude and nature of the resulting ecological changes may be problematic in the absence of data recording pre‐disturbance conditions.
Here, the effectiveness of traces of unsuccessful crab predation on gastropod shells at providing a long‐term, decadal record of predation intensity in Barkley Sound (Vancouver Island, British Columbia) was evaluated subsequent to multiple large‐scale ecological disturbances, including sea star wasting disease, abnormally high sea surface temperatures, and harmful algal blooms.
The frequency of failed crab attacks recorded by repair scars on six populations of the intertidal gastropod Tegula funebralis were surveyed to compare spatial patterns in predation intensity before and after disturbance (2013 and 2015 respectively). The repair frequency gradient observed in 2013 was also recorded by repair scars in 2015 (Spearman's ρ = 1, P = 0.002), and repair frequency was not affected by gastropod size in either 2013 (Spearman's ρ = 0.14, P = 0.80) or 2015 (Spearman's ρ = 0.66, P = 0.18).
These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that repair frequency provides decadal records of predation intensity and may be effective to establish persistent levels of predation intensity prior to disturbances in rocky intertidal habitats.
Anatomical, Histological, and Histochemical Analyses of the Scent Glands of the Scorpion Mud Turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides)
Authors: Bezerra Andréa M. , Rebelo Luane G. B. , De Sousa Diego F. , Branco Érika R. , Giese Elane G. , Pereira Washington L. A. , De Lima Ana R. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTFossil evidence suggests that scent glands are basal features of Testudines. However, we know little about the structure of these glands in the Brazilian Kinosternidae. In this study, we described the macroscopic anatomy, histology, and histochemistry of the scent glands of three males and three females of Kinosternon scorpioides scorpioides from the Marajó mesoregion, Pará State, Brazil. In all of the specimens analyzed, regardless of sex, we found four scent glands, including two axillary and two inguinal glands that were structurally similar to each other. Each gland consisted of a single holocrine secretory lobule, a large lumen surrounded by relatively thin glandular secretory epithelium, an adjacent narrow layer of loose connective tissue, and a thick layer of skeletal striated muscle tissue surrounded by a serous tunic. The secretory epithelium produced a characteristic malodorous yellowish substance that was passed via a single duct through a bone channel in the bridge connecting the carapace to the plastron and excreted through an outer pore in the plate of each respective gland. Histologically, the secretory epithelium presented cells with two types of secretory vacuoles. Type 1 vacuoles stained red were the largest and most frequently found, and stained positively with Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS), suggesting they contained glycoproteic complexes. Type 2 vacuoles were translucent, smaller in size and fewer in number, and negative for PAS staining. Because they are very primitive structures, scent glands must play important roles in the lives of chelonians, but their real function remains unknown. Several hypotheses suggest that they can act as protection against ectoparasites, as a repellent of predators, in addition to attracting mates and eliciting other pheromonal responses. In this study, all animals reacted by exuding malodorous substances when handled, as a form of defense. However, these are just assumptions that need to be clarified with additional studies on animal behavior. Anat Rec, 303:1489–1500, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Complement Activation in Patients With Probable Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Ability to Predict Progression to American College of Rheumatology–Classified Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Alexander Roberta Vezza , Massarotti Elena M. , Wallace Daniel J. , Narain Sonali , Arriens Cristina , Collins Christopher E. , Saxena Amit , Putterman Chaim , Kalunian Kenneth C. , O'Malley Tyler , Dervieux Thierry , Weinstein Arthur 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency of cell‐bound complement activation products (CB‐CAPs) as a marker of complement activation in patients with suspected systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the usefulness of this biomarker as a predictor of the evolution of probable SLE into SLE as classified by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria.MethodsPatients in whom SLE was suspected by lupus experts and who fulfilled 3 ACR classification criteria for SLE (probable SLE) were enrolled, along with patients with established SLE as classified by both the ACR and the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria, patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and patients with other rheumatic diseases. Individual CB‐CAPs were measured by flow cytometry, and positivity rates were compared to those of commonly assessed biomarkers, including serum complement proteins (C3 and C4) and autoantibodies. The frequency of a positive multianalyte assay panel (MAP), which includes CB‐CAPs, was also evaluated. Probable SLE cases were followed up prospectively.ResultsThe 92 patients with probable SLE were diagnosed more recently than the 53 patients with established SLE, and their use of antirheumatic medications was lower. At the enrollment visit, more patients with probable SLE were positive for CB‐CAPs (28%) or MAP (40%) than had low complement levels (9%) (P = 0.0001 for each). In probable SLE, MAP scores of >0.8 at enrollment predicted fulfillment of a fourth ACR criterion within 18 months (hazard ratio 3.11, P < 0.01).ConclusionComplement activation occurs in some patients with probable SLE and can be detected with higher frequency by evaluating CB‐CAPs and MAP than by assessing traditional serum complement protein levels. A MAP score above 0.8 predicts transition to classifiable SLE according to ACR criteria.
Language regression is associated with faster early motor development in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Manelis Liora , Meiri Gal , Ilan Michal , Flusser Hagit , Michaelovski Analya , Faroy Michal , Kerub Orly , Dinstein Ilan , Menashe Idan 
Published: August 2019

Language regression (LR) is a consistent and reproducible phenomenon that is reported by ~25% of parents who have children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is controversy regarding the etiological and clinical significance of this phenomenon. Here, we examined data from a cohort of 218 children with ASD from the Negev Autism Center in Israel. We identified 36 children with ASD who were reported to exhibit clear LR by their parent on three independent occasions and compared them to 104 children whose parents did not report any concern of regression (NR). We compared a variety of key developmental characteristics across these two groups. We found that the age at which children with ASD in the LR group achieve key developmental milestones of crawling, walking, and use of first words is significantly younger than the age of children in the NR group, and comparable to the age of typically developing children. In contrast, no differences were observed in physical growth characteristics such as head circumference, weight, or height between the groups. Furthermore, almost all children with LR were born close to full term (>35 weeks) and none had a history of hypotonia. Notably, despite their apparently typical early development, children with LR were diagnosed with more severe symptoms of ASD than children with NR. These results strengthen the motivation to continue and study LR among children with ASD and suggest that early detection and intervention studies of ASD may benefit from stratifying children into LR and NR groups.Autism Res2020, 13: 145–156. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe presence of language regression (LR) among children with autism is still a matter of scientific debate. Here, we show that children with autism and reported LR start to crawl, talk, and walk at the same age as other typically developing children and significantly earlier than other children with autism. These findings, along with other medical differences between these groups, suggest that children who experienced LR comprise a distinct subgroup within the autism spectrum.
On Mohan's Property of the Poisson Distribution
Authors: Panaretos John 
Published: August 2019

Two interesting results encountered in the literature concerning the Poisson and the negative binomial distributions are due to Moran (1952) and Patil & Seshadri (1964), respectively.Morans result provided a fundamental property of the Poisson distribution. Roughly speaking, he has shown that if Y, Z are independent, non‐negative, integer‐valued random variables with X = Y | Z then, under some mild restrictions, the conditional distribution of Y | X is binomial if and only if Y, Z are Poisson random variables.Motivated by Morans result Patil & Seshadri obtained a general characterization. A special case of this characterization suggests that, with conditions similar to those imposed by Moran, Y | X is negative hypergeometric if and only if Y, Z are negative binomials.In this paper we examine the results of Moran and Patil & Seshadri in the case where the conditional distribution of Y | X is truncated at an arbitrary point k – 1 (k = 1, 2, …). In fact we attempt to answer the question as to whether Morans property of the Poisson distribution, and subsequently Patil & Seshadris property of the negative binomial distribution, can be extended, in one form or another, to the case where Y | X is binomial truncated at k – 1 and negative hypergeometric truncated at k – 1 respectively.
Network analysis, and human and animal studies disclose the anticystitis glandularis effects of vitamin C
Authors: Ge Bo , Guo Chao , Liang Yujia , Liu Meizhen , Wu Ka 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundOur present study aimed to unravel the therapeutic biotargets of vitamin C (VC) against cystitis glandularis (CG), and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for VC treating CG.MethodsNetwork pharmacology was used to predict therapeutic targets of VC against CG, and to identify molecular mechanisms. In addition, further human and animal studies were designed to validate the bioinformatic findings through biochemical tests, computerized tomography scans, and immunostaining assays.ResultsIn bioinformatic analyses, pathogenic targets of CG and putative targets of VC were identified, respectively. An interaction network between biological target and functional protein was produced before screening and collecting the key therapeutic targets of VC against CG, biological processes, and signaling pathways. In addition, ingenuity pathway analysis with cloud platform indicated that anti‐CG mechanisms of VC were achieved through modulating a cluster of molecular pathways, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway. Meanwhile, 18 core targets of VC against CG were identified, and the most important TNF, interleukin‐6 (IL6), and Jun biotargets were obtained, respectively. In further validation in human study, cellular TNF‐α, IL6, and c‐Jun expressions in patient's CG samples were elevated significantly, accompanied with detectable urinary tract infection. Beneficially, VC‐dosed CG mice resulted in downregulated expressions of endogenous TNF‐α, IL6, and c‐Jun in blood and bladder samples.ConclusionCollectively, these bioinformatic findings and experimentative data uncover the therapeutic targets and biological mechanisms of VC for treating CG, in which the key biomarkers of TNF‐α, IL6, and c‐Jun may be the potential molecules for treating CG in clinical application.
Gold Immunochromatographic Assay for Rapid On‐Site Detection of Lincosamide Residues in Milk, Egg, Beef, and Honey Samples
Authors: Guo Lingling , Wu Xiaoling , Liu Liqiang , Kuang Hua , Xu Chuanlai 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLincosamides (LMs), include clindamycin (CLIN), lincomycin (LIN), and pirlimycin (PIR), that are widely used as veterinary drugs. LM residues in edible animal origin foods endanger human health and are in urgent need of establishing fast, simple, and highly sensitive detection methods. A gold immunochromatographic strip is prepared to detect CLIN, LIN, and PIR residues simultaneously with a single monoclonal antibody. This antibody is obtained with the design of a novel Hapten and can simultaneously recognize CLIN, LIN, and PIR. Under optimized conditions, the strip results can be semi‐quantitatively evaluated with the naked eye within 15 min, with cut‐off values in phosphate‐buffered saline of 1 ng mL−1 for CLIN, 10 ng mL−1 for LIN, and 25 ng mL−1 for PIR, respectively. Besides, the strip can also be quantified using a hand‐held strip scanner, and the spiked samples are used for establishing matrix curves. The limits of detection for CLIN, LIN, and PIR in spiked milk, egg, beef, and honey samples can satisfy the detection requirement. The utility of this strip is also confirmed by positive honey sample. In short, this strip should be expected to be a useful tool for the rapid on‐site screening of lincosamide residues in milk, egg, beef, and honey samples.
An idea to explore: Genotyping bull sperm to introduce basic molecular biology techniques in an animal science course
Authors: De Groef Bert , Grommen Sylvia V. H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe laboratory exercise described here aims to provide a relevant context for learning basic DNA techniques in an introductory animal science course at tertiary level. In two 4‐hr laboratory sessions, students assess the suitability of bulls for inclusion in a gene‐assisted selection program for A2 β‐casein by genotyping commercial bull sperm. Sperm cells are lysed to extract the genomic DNA, and PCR with primers for the β‐casein gene is performed. Using the principle of amplification‐created restriction sites, restriction digestion with TaqI can be used to distinguish between the A1 allele and the A2 allele of the gene. Cut PCR amplicons are separated by gel electrophoresis to evaluate the genotype of each bull. Students then write a diagnostic report with accompanying letter to their fictional client, explaining the DNA test, and interpreting the results. © 2019 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(6):708–711, 2019.
Childhood‐onset cerebellar ataxia in Japan: A questionnaire‐based survey
Authors: Ono Hiroya , Shimizu‐Motohashi Yuko , Maruo Kazushi , Takeshita Eri , Ishiyama Akihiko , Saito Takashi , Komaki Hirofumi , Nakagawa Eiji , Sasaki Masayuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe diagnosis of childhood‐onset cerebellar ataxia (CA) is often challenging due to variations in symptoms and etiologies. Despite the known regional differences in the prevalence of etiologies underlying CA, the frequency and characteristics of CA in Japan remain unclear. We conducted a questionnaire‐based survey to identify the clinical characteristics of childhood‐onset CA in the Japanese population.Materials and MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to 1,103 board‐certified pediatric neurologists in Japan from 2016 to 2017. The primary survey requested the number of patients with CA under care, and the follow‐up secondary questionnaire requested additional clinical characteristics of the patients.ResultsThe primary survey obtained 578 responses (response rate, 52.4%) on 385 patients with CA, including 171 diagnosed and 214 undiagnosed cases (diagnostic rate, 44.4%). The most frequent etiology was dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA), followed by mitochondrial disorders and encephalitis. The secondary survey obtained the clinical characteristics of 252 cases (119 diagnosed and 133 undiagnosed cases). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a younger age at onset, hearing issues, and short stature were associated with a higher risk of remaining undiagnosed with CA in Japan.ConclusionsThe diagnostic rate of childhood‐onset CA in the current study was comparable to those reported in other countries. The high prevalence of autosomal dominant ataxia, especially DRPLA, was a signature of CA in Japan. These data offer insights into the characteristics of childhood‐onset CA in the Japanese population.
Building reciprocity: From safety‐net to social transformation programmes
Authors: Minas Maria , Ribeiro Maria Teresa , Anglin James P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTopics of societal concern such as mental health and poverty reduction increasingly require action programmes that operate within broad psychosocial and social justice perspectives. Models of practice centred in individual needs, although important, are not powerful enough to bring about social change when they operate in isolation. In this article, we present the findings resulting from the observation of programmes engaged in collaborating with socio‐economically disadvantaged individuals, families, and communities. The programmes selected for study were nationally or internationally recognized for the quality and innovation of their methodologies or for having been subjected to scientific attention; some met both criteria. Altogether, 15 programmes were visited, in North and South America and Europe. Through a grounded theory methodology, the processes of data collection and analysis led to the development of a theoretical framework that identifies a continuum of programmes aimed at supporting the development of individuals, families, and communities and that has at its core the central process of building reciprocity. This article presents and describes the continuum of programmes and how each type relates to the process of building reciprocity and establishes links with other relevant and significant concepts in the framework. Finally, implications for further research are explored.
An ent‐Kaurane Diterpenoid Isolated from Rabdosia excisa Suppresses Bcr‐Abl Protein Expression in Vitro and in Vivo and Induces Apoptosis of CML Cells
Authors: Xia Yan , Feng Miao , Wang Erkang , Chen Li , Wang Jin , Hou Ruibin , Zhao Yinping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a disease of the blood stem cells that features the oncoprotein Bcr‐Abl. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are used to treat CML patients, but these have limited efficacy due to the emergence of resistance via genetic mutation. Kamebakaurin is an ent‐kaurane diterpenoid that has been isolated from Rabdosia excisa (Maxim.) H.Hara. Herein, we investigate the potential of kamebakaurin as a chemotherapy reagent for the treatment of CML. We conducted in vitro and in vivo biological experiments and found that kamebakaurin potently inhibits cell proliferation, mainly by enhancing cell apoptosis and down‐regulating Bcr‐Abl protein levels. In addition, kamebakaurin was found to inhibit tumor growth and has no side effects on five internal organs for in vivo experiment. These results suggest that kamebakaurin is a potential anticancer agent and is a key compound for further investigations.
Formulating Pantone colors by unused base inks, formulation software, and a spectrophotometer
Authors: Altay Bilge N. , Husovska Veronika , Pekarovicova Alexandra , Fleming Paul D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnused base inks that are not going to be used for printing production are considered to be hazardous materials. Their disposal is expensive, and strict environmental regulations should be followed for their disposal. As an alternative, this article describes how spectral data of unused base inks can be gathered and mixed to generate new colors to incorporate them back to print production for small‐volume jobs. In this study, 30 different Pantone colors were selected as target colors. The CIE L*a*b* spectral data of Pantone colors and unused base inks were gathered via a spectrophotometer. A commercial formulation software, based on multiflux theory and CIE L*a*b* color space, was used to formulate ink recipes that contained the base inks. To quantify the performance of ink recipes, they were mixed and printed using an offset printability tester. The CIELAB ΔE*ab metric, developed by CIE, was used to detect the visual differences between the target Pantone Color and printed colors.
Retracted: The moderating effects of employee corporate social responsibility motive attributions (substantive and symbolic) between corporate social responsibility perceptions and voluntary pro‐environmental behavior
Authors: Afsar Bilal , Al‐Ghazali Basheer M. , Rehman Zia Ur , Umrani Waheed Ali 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe primary aim of this study is to investigate how employees' corporate social responsibility (CSR) perceptions contribute to their voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors. This study also seeks to understand the moderating effects of employees' CSR motive attribution (substantive and symbolic) on the relationship between CSR perceptions and voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 784 employees working in various industries such as telecommunication, pharmaceutical, medical, manufacturing, hospitality, and electronic. Results revealed that CSR perceptions positively affected voluntary pro‐environmental behaviors of employees. Moreover, employee's substantive CSR motive attribution strengthened the positive effect of CSR perceptions on voluntary pro‐environmental behavior, whereas symbolic CSR motive attribution weakened the positive effect of CSR perceptions on voluntary pro‐environmental behavior. This study provides guidance for managers who wish to address sustainability and CSR issues to enhance employees' voluntary pro‐environmental behavior. Organizations should integrate CSR initiatives into their sustainable strategy to increase employee's voluntary pro‐environmental behavior.
Does CEO media exposure affect corporate social responsibility?
Authors: Godos‐Díez José‐Luis , Cabeza‐García Laura , Fernández‐Gago Roberto , Nieto‐Antolín Mariano 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGiven the central role played by CEOs in the arena of strategic decision making, this article focuses on their impact on the implementation of socially responsible initiatives, which try to comply with the stakeholders' demands. Specifically, and drawing upon the relevant influence of media on decision makers, we analysed how CEOs' media exposure affects the development of their companies' corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Moreover, relying mainly on the agency and stakeholder theories, we also considered a potential moderating effect of other CEO characteristics. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis carried out on a sample of 60 publicly listed Spanish companies in 2014 suggest that greater CEO media exposure can lead to a greater commitment to CSR. Furthermore, it was observed that this relationship may be affected by CEO tenure and prior political experience.