bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a Burden Transfer Inventory for predicting veterinarian stress related to client behavior
Authors: Spitznagel Mary Beth , Ben-Porath Yossef S. , Rishniw Mark , Kogan Lori R. , Carlson Mark D. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a Burden Transfer Inventory (BTI) of stressful client behaviors and to evaluate whether those behaviors are associated with client caregiver burden and contribute to veterinarian stress and burnout.
DESIGN 3-stage cross-sectional psychometric validation study.
SAMPLE 1,151 small animal veterinarians and 372 dog and cat owners.
PROCEDURES During stage 1, a pool of 34 items representing stressful client behaviors was created through open-ended surveys of practicing veterinarians and 3 phases of pilot testing. During stage 2, 1,151 veterinarians recruited through the Veterinary Information Network completed a survey including those behavior items and validated measures of stress and burnout. Completed surveys were randomly assigned to either a measure development or validation database for factor and item analyses. Data were then combined to determine whether the BTI was correlated with measures of stress and burnout. During stage 3, owners of dogs and cats with a serious illness completed an online survey to assess how frequently they engaged in each BTI item as well as a validated measure of caregiver burden.
RESULTS For dog and cat owners, there was a significant positive correlation between caregiver burden and the frequency that those owners reported engaging in BTI items. The frequency that veterinarians reported encountering BTI items was positively correlated with measures of stress and burnout, which suggested burden transfer from owners to veterinarians. The extent to which veterinarians reported being bothered by BTI items was a more robust predictor of stress and burnout than the frequency with which those items occurred.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated the BTI can be used to understand how client behaviors associated with caregiver burden affect veterinarian stress and burnout. The BTI may be useful to identify specific stressors affecting individual veterinarians and how they react to those stressors.
Crystal, molecular and electronic structure of (5S,11R,11aS)-11-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,11,11a-octahydropyrido[1,2-b]isoquinolin-5-ium iodide
Authors: Sivý Július , Šafář Peter , Žúžiová Jozefína 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The title compound, C14H20INO, is a molecule with three stereogenic centres. It absolute configuration was derived from the synthesis and confirmed by structure determination (AD, Flack (Parsons’) parameter: 0.031 (8)). The expected stereochemistry of atoms N1 was confirmed to be S, C5 was confirmed to S, C6 was confirmed to R. The central N-heterocyclic ring is not planar and adopts a half-chair conformation. A calculation of least-squares planes showed that these rings are puckered in such a manner that the five atoms: C5, C6, C7, C12 and C13 (the second ring: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 and N1) are planar, while atom N1 is displaced from these plane with the out-of-plane displacement of −0.694 (4) and −0.670 (5) Å in the second ring, respectively. Dihedral angle between the planes of the central N-heterocyclic rings is 23.4 (2)°. Crystal structure is also stabilized by C—H···O hydrogen interactions.
HPLC separation of panthenol enantiomers on different types of chiral stationary phases
Authors: Lomenova Anna , Hroboňová Katarína , Šolónyová Terézia 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Panthenol is a biologically active compound closely related to vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid). This work deals with the separation of panthenol enantiomers using high performance liquid chromatography. Different types of chiral stationary phases (β-cyclodextrin, isopropyl carbamate cyclofructan 6, amylose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)) were tested in normal phase separation mode. Effect of mobile phase composition on the resolution and retention of enantiomers was studied. Two types of detectors, low-wavelength UV and polarimetric, were used. The optimal chromatographic system includes a chiral stationary phase based on amylose and a mobile phase of hexane/ethanol (60/40, v/v) where the resolution of enantiomers reached the value R
s = 2.49. Suitable chromatographic conditions were applied for the determination of panthenol enantiomers in samples of pharmaceutical preparations with the obtained recovery of more than 92 %. Linearity of the high performance liquid chromatography method with spectrophotometric detection was from 1.0 × 10−3 to 1.3 mg mL−1 (R
2 = 0.998), with the limit of detection of 0.3 × 10−3 mg mL−1 for both enantiomers.
FTIR study of hydrotalcite
Authors: Mališová Miroslava , Horňáček Michal , Mikulec Jozef , Hudec Pavol , Jorík Vladimír 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The aim of the research was the study of aluminium-magnesium hydrotalcite by FTIR analysis and detection of differences in structure due to calcination. Three types of samples were analysed. In the first two samples, cobalt was added into the structure and the third sample contained nickel and zinc. Hydrotalcite was prepared by one of the most common methods of hydrotalcite preparation, co-precipitation. After preparation, the samples were calcined at temperatures from 150 °C to 750 °C. Samples were compared in terms of calcination temperature; but in case of samples containing cobalt, two samples to each other. The most significant changes were noticed in the 500–700 cm−1 region, where a spinel structure was formed at higher calcination temperatures.
Pre-purification of Plantago lanceolata extracts with biologically active compounds using yeast cells
Authors: Štefuca Vladimír , Rada Lukáš , Chochulová Alžbeta , Rosenberg Michal 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Leaves of the plant Plantago lanceolata contain many economically interesting bioactive compounds, among them aucubin and catalpol are the most attractive. However, soluble saccharides passing to water extracts during isolation complicate chromatographic purification of these compounds. Their degradation by microbial cells transforming, for example, glucose, fructose, or sucrose to ethanol could bring important production costs savings and improved final product quality. It has been shown that the best saccharide degradation in extracts is achieved with the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The cells were very active also in their immobilized form and they were able to completely remove glucose from the extract within four hours in a packed bed reactor combined with a stirring system with infinite medium recirculation.
A simple mathematical model involving reaction kinetics and mass transfer limitations in the cell particles was proposed for the evaluation of cell effectiveness in their immobilized form in term of effectiveness factor. Values of the effectiveness factor calculated from the model were far below 1, indicating strong mass transfer limitations of the reaction. The model is suitable for optimization of preparation of immobilized cell particles, mainly from the point of view of cell charge in particles.
Nitro and aminobenzimidazoles
Authors: Milata Viktor 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
A summary of the preparation methods of 2 tautomeric and 4 N-methylated benzimidazoles with a nitro group on the benzene ring (1–6) and with an amino group in the same positions (7–12) were summarized. Annular tautomerism of the title compounds 1–12 has been studied using 1H, 13C and 15N NMR spectra in liquid and solid state (CPMAS), UV spectra and quantum chemical calculations.
Comprehensive Analysis of Pain Syndrome in Patients With Mandibular Fractures Treated With Nucleo CMP Forte
Authors: Barylo O. S. , Polishchuk S. S. , Furman R. L. , Zakalata T. R. , Yur A. M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive evaluation of major indices of pain syndrome in patients with mandibular fractures accompanied by damage of inferior alveolar nerve using conventional therapeutic regimen supplemented by the administration of drug product Nucleo CMP Forte. Operative and postoperative treatment of 50 patients with angular fractures of the mandible, accompanied by clinical manifestations of inferior alveolar nerve damage, was performed. The severity of pain syndrome and neuropathy symptoms was evaluated using the LANSS pain scale, DN4 questionnaire, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Neuropathy Total Symptom Scores (NTSS-9). Decrease of pain syndrome was revealed in both groups but with different dynamic pattern. In the treatment group pain syndrome manifestations and neuropathy symptoms decreased quicker than in the comparison group. As LANSS, DN4, VAS and NTSS-9 scales characterize pain syndrome from various perspectives, the results were different but similar tendency was shown. At the beginning of the study LANSS scale indices were nearly identical in both groups, while on the 7th and 14th day they were 1.35 and 2.03 times lower, respectively, in the treatment group compared to the control group. On the first day NTSS-9 scale values did not practically differ in between the studied patients, being somewhat higher in the treatment group. On the 7th and 14th day the values increased 1.24 and 3.82 times, in the treatment group and in the group of comparison, respectively. Thus, the patients in the treatment group showed significantly greater pain relief than those in the comparison group. The analysis of dynamic pattern of complaints as well as the objective findings in angular fractures of the mandible, accompanied by the damage of inferior alveolar nerve, demonstrated that the administration of drug product Nucleo CMP Forte led to a more pronounced improvement of pain syndrome in the course of treatment. Because of the fact that neuropathic pain can develop in orthodontic treatment, as well as when partial and complete removable dentures are used, the administration of drug product Nucleo CMP Forte is warranted in combined therapy of both mandibular fractures followed by the clinical manifestations of inferior alveolar nerve damage, and neuropathic pain management in orthodontics and orthopedic stomatology.
A New Case of Schnitzler Syndrome in Bulgaria
Authors: Kirilova-Doneva M. , Kamusheva M. , Donev S. , Popova I. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We describe the case of a 74-year-old Bulgarian woman with a long history of chronic urticaria with severe burning sensation, arthralgia and fever. Additional symptoms of Schnitzler such as monoclonal immunoglobulin – kappa component, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and enlarged lymph nodes were detected six years after the onset of the symptoms. The first diagnoses hypersensitive vasculitis and dermatitis were established in 2009. Schnitzler syndrome was recognized and the diagnosis was established 2 years later after some examination tests. The time course of the values of IgM, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and neutrophils were presented. The mean value of IgM is 13.8 ± 2.19 g/l, the mean value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate is 48.6 ± 14.46 mm/h and the mean value of C-reactive protein – 29.8 ± 7.34 mg/l. The use of nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs throughout the period and corticosteroids prescribed parenterally and orally resulted in the relief of arthralgia and fever.
Solar radiation variability at Koniczynka near Toruń (Central Poland) in the years 2003–2016
Authors: Kejna Marek , Uscka-Kowalkowska Joanna 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the variability of global solar radiation (K↓) in the agriculture area (Koniczynka near Toruń) in the years 2003–2016. The variability of K↓ has been analysed with reference to atmospheric circulation. The mean yearly sum of K↓ in the analysed period was 3,816.0 MJ·m−2. In an annual course the highest mean values of K↓ occurred in June (608.3 MJ·m−2) and the smallest in December (69.0 MJ·m−2). The diurnal course of K↓ was symmetrical with respect to the solar noon. Only 44.7% of the solar energy on the top of atmosphere reaches the ground. The highest transmittance occurred in spring and summer, and the lowest in December. The observations revealed an increase in the amount of K↓ (trend 13.6 MJ·m−2·year−1) and its considerable day-to-day and year-to-year variability. Its increase has been attributed to reduced emissions of aerosols in Poland and Europe (global brightening). The changes of K↓ depend on atmospheric circulation (cyclonic and anticyclonic situations), cloudiness and the optical characteristics of incoming air masses.
Seasonal structure of water stages on lakes in Northern Poland
Authors: Plewa Katarzyna , Wrzesiński Dariusz , Ptak Mariusz 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The paper presents the characteristics of hydrological periods in an average annual cycle in Polish lakes. The types of period and their sequence determine the regime of water stages in lakes. The article applies the unsupervised approach to analysis of water level fluctuation patterns, where the regime is identified by grouping analytical parameters. Hydrological periods were designated by grouping elementary time units of the hydrological year (pentads) based on the similarity of their parameters, namely water level frequency distributions. The analysis covered daily water stages in 33 lakes in Poland from the period from 1984 to 2012. Five types of hydrological period were designated. The studied lakes differ in the number, type and sequence of hydrological periods in an average annual cycle. Most of the lakes (19 lakes) have a 4-period temporal structure of water stages with the course of water stages in a year characteristic of this geographical zone. No spatial patterns occurred in the location of lakes from particular groups. This suggests the dominant role of local factors in determining the seasonality of water stages.
Third demographic transition and demographic dividend: An application based on panel data analysis
Authors: González Alejandro López , González-González María Jesús 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe third demographic transition, barely mentioned by some authors and implicit for others, refers to changes in the demographic structures of the most developed countries promoted by the most recent migratory flows, with repercussions in aspects such as age structure or the composition of the labour market. The concept of the third demographic transition revolves around the increasing presence of foreigners, many of whom take up jobs that nationals reject, as well as other more skilled posts. Using the panel data methodology, we try to explain the third demographic dividend whose impact can be seen in the labour market. The results enable us to conclude that the foreign worker differential puts downward pressure on salaries, which affects other groups. If workers are available and policies are constructive, this leads to positive results and social wealth.
Eurostat methodology applied to the characterization of rural and urban Brazilian spaces
Authors: Braga Gustavo Bastos , de Carvalho Fiúza Ana Louise , Remoaldo Paula Cristina 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Brazilian official statistics show that the country is mainly urban, while authors including Veiga (2002) and Miranda and Silva (2013) present a more rural Brazil. The absence of a uniform way to define the rural areas in Brazil has led to diffused data about rural Brazil’s size. Therefore, are Brazilian regions predominantly urban, rural or intermediate? This paper applies the rural definition methodologies from Eurostat/European Union to the municipalities of Brazil. The results show the predominance of the intermediary category in Brazilian territory, while the population mostly lives in urban areas. However, due to methodological characteristics, this paper reinforces the necessity of developing other methodologies which would be able to identify rurality and urbanity, considering socioeconomic dimensions.
Heritage proximity, attitudes to tourism impacts and residents’ support for heritage tourism in Kaole Site, Tanzania
Authors: Lwoga Noel Biseko 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This study examines determinants of residents’ support for tourism by testing a model based on the social exchange and material culture theories. The model proposes that perceptual heritage proximity influences residents’ attitudes to positive and negative impacts of tourism, which in turn influence residents’ support for tourism. The model was tested using data gathered from a sample of 256 local residents in Kaole Village, Tanzania. Results from structural equation modelling indicate that heritage proximity has an influence on attitudes to the impacts of tourism, which in turn influence support. The findings imply that heritage proximity serves as a point of reference for residents’ evaluation of tourism, which is critical in fostering support. Findings confirm the relevance of the heritage proximity concept in explaining support for tourism. The study provides recommendations to better engage the residents in tourism development. Suggestions for future research are provided.
The Instagram Image of the City. Insights from Lodz, Poland
Authors: Zasina Jakub 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe age of big data opens new opportunities for urban research. As millions of users have been creating and transmitting visual representations of cityscapes (e.g., photos taken with smartphones), it is crucial to understand features of the online crowd-sourced images of cities and their relations with their offine archetypes. However, it seems that photos posted by users of social networking sites remain understudied and their informative potential has not been fully exploited yet. The aim of the conducted research was to examine and comprehend the nature of the Instagram image of the city. The paper presents the results of investigating 1867 Instagram photos featuring outdoor city views taken in Lodz, Poland in September 2015. The posted photos were classified by their components and attributes. The study revealed that Instagram content does not reflect the urban space in general. It rather selects geographies and subjects presenting aestheticized and picturesque places and objects. Nevertheless, the new components of cityscapes seem to be noteworthy for Instagram users. Finally, the paper argues that mapping Instagram content without prior and careful examination of the local context may lead to biased conclusions.
Trade matrices for trade negotiators, applied to ‘Brexit’ and ‘NAFTA’: an approach
Authors: Barry Todd J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This paper puts forth a new scholarly approach to trade negotiations, for practitioners of international agreements, or simply to business students attempting to understand Ricardian trade theory. The paper hypothesizes that matrices can provide a simpler conceptual framework for considering Ricardo’s comparative advantage, especially when multiple goods and multiple countries are involved, in order to determine which countries should produce which goods. Numerous theoretical examples are presented, singularly, and jointly, as are different possible flaws and assumptions, additional applications, and alternative uses of the matrices, such as employing matrices to increase production of certain goods needed during crises or shortages. The article also argues that “terms of trade” should not be “assumed” in trade models but be based upon indifference curves, and addresses other influencing factors such as neoclassical changes in utility or in production. Found valid, the paper applies this method of trade simplification to pressing international situations, the question of “Brexit,” the sobriquet for the United Kingdom’s effort to withdraw from the European Union, which creates interesting possibilities for new trade deals, and the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). The conclusion conceptually compares bilateral and multilateral trade, singularly, and with all countries together.
Analysis of determinant factors affecting the employee loyalty of rural banks (BPR) in bandung city
Authors: Yudi Wahyudin Suwandi 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This research was conducted because of the common problem that often happened at rural banks (BPR), that is too focused on business development so less in paying attention to employee’s satisfaction, which impact on high turnover rate of employee. High employee turnover rates have a negative effect on an organization, as it can lead to loss of productivity, profitability, corporate knowledge, skills and competencies.
The population of this research is BPR while the sample is used by BPR in Bandung City. There are four independent variables in this study: (1) transformational leadership, (2) employee competence, (3) commitment, and (4) employee loyalty.
The type of research used is descriptive verification, while the method used in this study is the survey method (explanatory survey) and descriptive method. Descriptive and verification analysis, descriptive analysis is done by using Microsoft Excel software to calculate or determine the frequency of answers from respondents, while verification analysis is used to find multiple regression equation, the magnitude of relationship and influence between variables.
The results of research influence the determinant factors such as transformational leadership, employee competence and commitment to loyalty both partially and simultaneously.
Human Resources Supporting Innovation in the Public Sector: The Case of Kosovo
Authors: Kurteshi Rinor 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This research looks at the current condition of human resources involved in the process of public sector innovation in Kosovo. This study is exploratory and a mixed methodology is used, while findings are compared and contrasted with the current state of knowledge. Findings clearly indicate that public sector institutions in Kosovo lack on adequate human resources that have obtained a university degree. Moreover, public sector institutions in Kosovo have shown resistance in involving staff in innovation teams and thus causing lack of motivation among staff to be creative in problem solving. Another interesting finding is the increase of trainings provided to staff on issues regarding implementation of innovations, however, the degree of trainings provided to staff is not satisfactory. Findings indicate that financial constraints were the reason behind the low degree of trainings provided to staff. The main areas where trainings were mostly provided include the development and implementation of new or improved communication methods and new or improved services. In addition to the findings, this research enriches and extends the current knowledge of human resources supporting innovation in the public sector domain. Finally, this is a unique contribution to Kosovar academics and public policy professionals.
Hand-biting Lesions in a Child — a Challenging Diagnosis
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Podoleanu Cristian , Stolnicu Simona 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background: Self-induced skin lesions, especially in young children, can create confusion within pediatricians, dermatologists, or other medical care providers, leading to different diagnoses, unnecessary investigations, and delaying the correct therapeutic psychiatric evaluation.

Case report: We report the case of a 4-year-old boy who was referred to Dermatology after being hospitalized in the Allergy Department for a chronic allergic contact dermatitis. He had been previously diagnosed with chronic hand dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis, and treated with no favorable outcome. Scaly erythematous plaques were noticed on the dorsal aspects of both hands and on the lateral folds of the fingers. The skin lesions were distributed in a non-symmetrical way. A diagnosis of self-injurious behavior was presumed, and psychiatric evaluation was asked. The child was transferred to the Psychiatry Department, and a diagnosis of schizophrenia was concluded.