bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-fasting versus fasting before percutaneous cardiac procedures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Balbaa Elsayed , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Bazzazeh Mohammad , Tabassum Shehroze , Ramadan Shrouk , Gadelmawla Ahmed Farid , Elshimy Abdelrahman , Altobaishat Obieda , Abuelazm Mohamed 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and objective
Despite the absence of scientific evidence, fasting before percutaneous cardiac catheterization is still recommended to minimize complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes of non-fasting protocols in patients undergoing percutaneous cardiac procedures.

Materials and methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, WOS, Embase, and Cochrane was conducted until September 2024. Dichotomous outcomes were pooled using risk ratio (RR), while continuous outcomes were pooled using standardized mean difference (SMD). PROSPERO ID: CRD42024586147.

Results
Five RCTs with 2034 patients were included. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding patient satisfaction score [SMD − 0.65, 95% CI (− 1.39, 0.09), P = 0.08], intra/postoperative aspiration (RR 1.00, 95% CI [0.20, 4.96], P = 1.00), postprocedural pneumonia (RR 0.60, 95% CI [0.14, 2.51], P = 0.49), emergency endotracheal intubation (RR 0.99, 95% CI [0.10, 9.51], P = 1.00), nausea/vomiting (RR 0.89, 95% CI [0.46, 1.76], P = 0.75), anti-emetic use (RR 0.49, 95% CI [0.24, 1.03], P = 0.06), hypoglycemia (RR 0.74, 95% CI [0.43, 1.28], P = 0.28), and the need for inotrope/vasopressor therapy (RR 1.03, 95% CI [0.81, 1.30], P = 0.82). However, the non-fasting approach significantly decreased the sensation of tiredness/fatigue (SMD − 0.31 with 95% CI [− 0.51, − 0.11], P < 0.001).

Conclusion
The non-fasting protocol demonstrated comparable efficacy, safety, and overall satisfaction to the conventional fasting approach.

Review registration
PROSPERO CRD42024586147.
Relationship between surface ground motion and strain observed by a helically wound fiber-optic cable
Authors: Tsuji Shuhei , Araki Eiichiro , Matsumoto Hiroyuki , Machida Yuya , Yokobiki Takashi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study used numerical tests and in situ observations to characterize the relationship between ground motion and strain measured using a newly developed borehole fiber-optic strainmeter with a helically wound sensor. This strainmeter is designed for the broadband observations across geodetic and seismic ranges, featuring a sensor fiber helically wound to accommodate a long baseline within the confined space of a borehole, thereby enhancing the sensitivity to multiple components of strain tensors. Therefore, the sensitivity of the strain tensor and its relationship with ground velocity were analyzed through numerical tests and compared with in situ records. The sensitivities of specific components within the strain tensor were evaluated based on the geometrical configuration of the sensor, revealing that areal and normal strains in the horizontal plane were particularly sensitive in these borehole fiber-optic strainmeters. To validate these theoretical characteristics, in situ records from the borehole fiber-optic strainmeter were comparatively analyzed with data from existing linear strainmeters and seismometers. The borehole fiber-optic strainmeter was installed in a 20-m-deep borehole at the Kamioka Mine in central Japan in March 2023. The strain and velocity measurements were concurrently conducted using a collocated linear strainmeter and a broadband seismometer, utilizing the P- and S-phases of teleseismic and local earthquakes as comparative signals. This comparison confirmed the sensitivity to areal and normal strains detected by the linear strainmeter. Additionally, the sensitivity of the strainmeter to strain in various directions was assessed by comparison with a seismometer. These analyses also indicated that the contrast in elastic properties between the strainmeter sensor and the surrounding rocks affected the scaling of the strain amplitude in situ. Moreover, the inhomogeneity of the surrounding media induced variations in strain amplitudes, especially in the shear waves.

Graphical Abstract
Head-to-head comparison of 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT in common gynecological malignancies
Authors: Li Tengfei , Zhang Jintao , Yan Yuanzhuo , Zhang Yue , Pei Wenjie , Hua Qingchu , Chen Yue 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background

68Ga-FAPI (fibroblast activation protein inhibitor) is a novel and highly promising radiotracer for PET/CT imaging. It has shown significant tumor uptake and high sensitivity in lesion detection across a range of cancer types. We aimed to compare the diagnostic value of 68Ga-FAPI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in common gynecological malignancies.

Methods
This retrospective study included 35 patients diagnosed with common gynecological tumors, including breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and cervical cancer. Among the 35 patients, 27 underwent PET/CT for the initial assessment of tumors, while 8 were assessed for recurrence detection. The median and range of tumor size and maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) were calculated.

Results
Thirty-five patients (median age, 57 years [interquartile range], 51–65 years) were evaluated. In treatment-naive patients (n = 27), 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT led to upstaging of the clinical TNM stage in five (19%) patients compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT. No significant difference in tracer uptake was observed between 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI for primary lesions: breast cancer (7.2 vs. 4.9, P = 0.086), ovarian cancer (16.3 vs. 15.7, P = 0.345), and cervical cancer (18.3 vs. 17.1, P = 0.703). For involved lymph nodes, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT demonstrated a higher SUVmax for breast cancer (9.9 vs. 6.1, P = 0.007) and cervical cancer (6.3 vs. 4.8, P = 0.048), while no significant difference was noted for ovarian cancer (7.0 vs. 5.9, P = 0.179). Furthermore, 68Ga-FAPI PET/CT demonstrated higher specificity and accuracy compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT for detecting metastatic lymph nodes (100% vs. 66%, P < 0.001; 94% vs. 80%, P < 0.001). In contrast, sensitivity did not differ significantly (97% vs. 86%, P = 0.125). For most distant metastases, 68Ga-FAPI exhibited a higher SUVmax than 18F-FDG in bone metastases (12.9 vs. 4.9, P = 0.036).

Conclusions

68Ga-FAPI PET/CT demonstrated higher tracer uptake and was superior to 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting primary and metastatic lesions in patients with common gynecological malignancies.

Trial registration
ChiCTR, ChiCTR2100044131. Registered 10 October 2022, https://www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2100044131.
Spatial modelling of the shared impact of sexual health knowledge and modern contraceptive use among women with disabilities in Africa
Authors: Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi , Odimegwu Clifford , Mohammed Aliu , Gayawan Ezra 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Women with disabilities remain highly vulnerable to sexual and reproductive health problems, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where their sexual and reproductive rights, such as access to sexual health information and contraception, are often neglected. This study investigated the spatial patterns of the shared impact of sexual health knowledge and modern contraceptive use among women with disabilities in Africa.

Methods
We used the most recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data involving 16,157 women with disabilities from ten African countries for this study. The data were analysed using both spatial and Bayesian inference to account for the shared component model patterns between sexual health knowledge and modern contraceptive use among women with disabilities while accounting for factors unique to each outcome. Bayesian inference via the Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation (INLA) was used for implementation. Priors for shared effects ​were set as log-normal distributions, while Gaussian priors were assigned to fixed effects. Intrinsic Conditional Autoregressive (ICAR) priors modelled spatial dependencies between districts, introducing spatial autocorrelation based on shared boundaries. Penalised Complexity (PC) priors controlled precision parameters to balance model complexity.

Results
The study revealed low sexual health knowledge (ranging from 3% in Nigeria to 27% in Uganda) and modern contraceptive use (ranging from 1% in DR Congo and Chad to 27% in Uganda) among women with disabilities across the countries surveyed. The spatial patterns showed diverse intra-country and inter-country disparities of sexual health knowledge and modern contraceptive use among the women, with lower shared impact observed in Mauritania, Nigeria, Uganda, Chad, and DR Congo relative to Kenya, Malawi, Mali, South Africa, and Rwanda. Factors that influence sexual health knowledge and modern contraceptive use among women with disabilities include education, marital status, place of residence, community literacy level, community socio-economic status, and age.

Conclusions and recommendations
Sexual health knowledge and modern contraceptive use among women with disabilities in Africa remain low, albeit with varied intra-country and inter-country spatial disparities. Therefore, spatial areas with low sexual health knowledge and modern contraceptive use should be given more attention when implementing measures to promote the use of modern contraceptives among women with disabilities. Promoting sexual health knowledge and modern contraceptive use among women with disabilities in Africa could significantly contribute towards the realisation of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal agenda of “leaving no one behind”.
Estimation of Ganciclovir Exposure in Adults Transplant Patients by Machine Learning
Authors: Sayadi Hamza , Fromage Yeleen , Labriffe Marc , Billat Pierre-André , Codde Cyrielle , Arraki Zava Selim , Marquet Pierre , Woillard Jean-Baptiste 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Valganciclovir, a prodrug of ganciclovir (GCV), is used to prevent cytomegalovirus infection after transplantation, with doses adjusted based on creatinine clearance (CrCL) to target GCV AUC0-24 h of 40–60 mg*h/L. This sometimes leads to overexposure or underexposure. This study aimed to train, test and validate machine learning (ML) algorithms for accurate GCV AUC0-24 h estimation in solid organ transplantation.

Methods
We simulated patients for different dosing regimen (900 mg/24 h, 450 mg/24 h, 450 mg/48 h, 450 mg/72 h) using two literature population pharmacokinetic models, allocating 75% for training and 25% for testing. Simulations from two other literature models and real patients provided validation datasets. Three independent sets of ML algorithms were created for each regimen, incorporating CrCL and 2 or 3 concentrations. We evaluated their performance on testing and validation datasets and compared them with MAP-BE.

Results
XGBoost using 3 concentrations generated the most accurate predictions. In testing dataset, they exhibited a relative bias of -0.02 to 1.5% and a relative RMSE of 2.6 to 8.5%. In the validation dataset, a relative bias of 1.5 to 5.8% and 8.9 to 16.5%, and a relative RMSE of 8.5 to 9.6% and 10.7% to 19.7% were observed depending on the model used. XGBoost algorithms outperformed or matched MAP-BE, showing enhanced generalization and robustness in their estimates. When applied to real patients’ data, algorithms using 2 concentrations showed relative bias of 1.26% and relative RMSE of 12.68%.

Conclusions
XGBoost ML models accurately estimated GCV AUC0-24 h from limited samples and CrCL, providing a strategy for optimized therapeutic drug monitoring.

Graphical Abstract
Interpreting Agricultural Activities in Historical Aerial Photographs
Authors: Callaway Graham 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Historical aerial photographs from the early twentieth century have great interpretive potential for understanding the agricultural landscapes they record. In addition to building a chronology of farm layout, historical images can record particular crops and other agricultural activities, adding nuance to interpretations of historical agricultural space. Identifying particular crops and other activities requires practice and skill. This article presents a set of basic interpretive tools for understanding what is recorded in historical aerial photographs of farmland. An extended example is presented from Lunenburg County, Virginia.
“To Scratch and Crow under Our Own Vine and Fig Tree”
Authors: Jones-Branch Cherisse 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Established in Chicago in 1922, the National Federation of Colored Farmers counteracted Black farmers’ marginalization in such national agrarian organizations as the American Farm Bureau Federation. It further leveraged its newspaper, the Modern Farmer, to recruit members in the first half of the twentieth century. Between the 1920s and the late 1940s the organization shifted from being extremely critical of the Farm Bureau to later embracing what it offered to farmers regardless of their racial backgrounds.
A Controversial International Cooperation
Authors: Zhang Ruisheng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The China–United States Agricultural Mission from 1946 to 1948 was the first cooperative project on agricultural technology and trade organized by the governments of the Republic of China and the United States. The mission committee comprised delegates from the United States led by Claude B. Hutchison and delegates from China led by Zou Binwen. The delegates developed a comprehensive plan for agricultural development, technology imports, infrastructure construction, and international trade, which soon came under criticism as a vision for the economic and technological colonization of China. Although this plan was not adopted in mainland China, it incubated an organizational structure for the Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction and provided a blueprint for agricultural development in Taiwan. This mission, which merits close attention in both academic and diplomatic circles, provided both referential significance and important lessons for later cooperation in technology and trade between the United States and the People's Republic of China.
A Simple Integral Equation Approach for Optimal Investment Stopping Problems with Partial Information
Authors: Xing Jie , Ma Jingtang , Zheng Harry 
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we study a finite horizon optimal investment stopping problem with an unobservable random variable for the return of a risky asset. Using the Bayesian filter and the dual control approach, we transform the original primal problem into a dual finite horizon optimal stopping problem, which results in the dual value function satisfying a variational inequality with two state variables. For a class of utility functions that includes power utility and non–hyperbolic absolute risk aversion utility, we show that the free boundary satisfies a Volterra-type nonlinear integral equation with expectation over the joint distribution of the dual state process and the filtered probability process, and we simplify and solve the integral equation with the dimension reduction and backward recursive methods. We also construct two simple closed-form approximations for the free boundary using its asymptotic properties and show their accuracy and efficiency with numerical examples. Furthermore, we demonstrate that different model parameters may lead to one, two, or no free boundaries with a simple example. Funding: J. Xing was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 12101151] and the Youth Foundation of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics [Grant 2022KYQN10]. J. Ma was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 12071373]. H. Zheng was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom [Grant EP/V008331/1].
Understanding Athletics Academic Advisors’ Experience with Job Burnout
Authors: O’Rourke Felicia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chronic stress and burnout are prevalent in Division I athletics, yet there is limited research on job burnout and workplace stress among academic advisors specializing in Division I athletics. This study contributes a deeper understanding of the experiences of Division I athletics academic advisors regarding job burnout and its contributing factors. The study also introduces two athletics academic advising models in Division I and examines how job burnout manifests within these models. Interviews with eight participants uncovered four themes that articulate how participants experience constant stress and highlight the areas of work that shape their job burnout. Findings assist professionals in the field in developing a better grasp of what is influencing job burnout and its ramifications.
Studi Tinjauan Pustaka: Faktor Risiko Kejadian Amputasi pada Pasien Kaki Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Amalina Nida , Djuwita Ratna , Yunir Em 
Published: February 2025

Background: Diabetes mellitus increased from 6.9% in 2013 to 8.5% in 2018. This figure shows that only about 25% of people with diabetes know that they have diabetes. According to the International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot (IWGDF), 1 in 4 people with DM will develop an ulcer on their foot during their lifetime with a proportion of 19-34% of the total DM patients. Wound healing of DM ulcers often requires longer time and considerable resources and has a 40% risk of re-formation at 1 year and increases to 60% after 3 years.Methods: Articles selected based on the inclusion criteria were journals that examined the relationship between diabetic foot and amputation, either using a longitudinal design, cohort study (retrospective or prospective) or case control. The exclusion criteria were journals that were systematic literature reviews, screening, diagnosis.Results: Obesity in 2 articles mentioned that OR=1.20-3.20 had a significant association with amputation while blood glucose factor in 2 articles mentioned that OR=2.92-9.43 had a statistically significant association with amputation. It was found in these 3 articles with OR range=6.9-13.97, poorly controlled HbA1c had a statistically significant association with amputation.Conclusion: This literature review study concluded that amputation risk factors are influenced by BMI and blood sugar levels. Patients should be educated on the importance of maintaining good blood sugar control, in addition to wearing proper footwear, avoiding repetitive mechanical trauma to the foot, and performing regular foot examinations.
NeutronTP: Load-Balanced Distributed Full-Graph GNN Training with Tensor Parallelism
Authors: Ai Xin , Yuan Hao , Ling Zeyu , Wang Qiange , Zhang Yanfeng , Fu Zhenbo , Chen Chaoyi , Gu Yu , Yu Ge 
Published: February 2025

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have emerged as a promising direction. Training large-scale graphs that relies on distributed computing power poses new challenges. Existing distributed GNN systems leverage data parallelism by partitioning the input graph and distributing it to multiple workers. However, due to the irregular nature of the graph structure, existing distributed approaches suffer from unbalanced workloads and high overhead in managing cross-worker vertex dependencies.
In this paper, we leverage tensor parallelism for distributed GNN training. GNN tensor parallelism eliminates cross-worker vertex dependencies by partitioning features instead of graph structures. Different workers are assigned training tasks on different feature slices with the same dimensional size, leading to a complete load balance. We achieve efficient GNN tensor parallelism through two critical functions. Firstly, we employ a generalized decoupled training framework to decouple NN operations from graph aggregation operations, significantly reducing the communication overhead caused by NN operations which must be computed using complete features. Secondly, we employ a memory-efficient task scheduling strategy to support the training of large graphs exceeding single GPU memory, while further improving performance by overlapping communication and computation. By integrating the above techniques, we propose a distributed GNN training system NeutronTP. Our experimental results on a 16-node Aliyun cluster demonstrate that NeutronTP achieves 1.29×-8.72× speedup over state-of-the-art GNN systems including DistDGL, NeutronStar, and Sancus.
LEAP: LLM-Powered End-to-End Automatic Library for Processing Social Science Queries on Unstructured Data
Authors: Hu Chuxuan , Peters Austin , Kang Daniel 
Published: February 2025

Social scientists are increasingly interested in analyzing the semantic information (e.g., emotion) of unstructured data (e.g., Tweets), where the semantic information is not natively present. Performing this analysis in a cost-efficient manner requires using machine learning (ML) models to extract the semantic information and subsequently analyze the now structured data. However, this process remains challenging for domain experts.
To demonstrate the challenges in social science analytics, we collect a dataset, QUIET-ML, of 120 real-world social science queries in natural language and their ground truth answers. Existing systems struggle with these queries since (1) they require selecting and applying ML models, and (2) more than a quarter of these queries are vague, making standard tools like natural language to SQL systems unsuited. To address these issues, we develop LEAP, an end-to-end library that answers social science queries in natural language with ML. LEAP filters vague queries to ensure that the answers are deterministic and selects from internally supported and user-defined ML functions to extend the unstructured data to structured tables with necessary annotations. LEAP further generates and executes code to respond to these natural language queries. LEAP achieves a 100% pass @ 3 and 92% pass @ 1 on QUIET-ML, with a $1.06 average end-to-end cost, of which code generation costs $0.02.
The Development of Law and Economics Scholarship in Hong Kong
Authors: Lin Lauren Yu-Hsin , Liu Shu-Kai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Law and Economics (L&E), as an interdisciplinary approach, is prominent in Europe and the US but remains preliminary in Hong Kong (HK), with limited progress despite expanding research scope and quantity. This study examines HK law schools’ academic output, analyzing L&E scholars’ composition, research areas, methodologies, and development barriers. Most scholars employ L&E concepts as supplementary tools, while only a few core scholars systematically adopt it as a primary analytical framework. Research focuses on market-related areas such as competition law, financial law, and corporate law, with less focus on fields like private law and criminal law. Empirical methods, cost-benefit analysis, and institutional economics are commonly applied, but diversity and theoretical depth remain inadequate. Structural constraints – legal traditions, educational systems, and limited academic platforms – further impede L&E’s growth in HK. This study advocates interdisciplinary collaboration, research centers, academic support, and broader L&E application in policymaking and judicial processes in HK.