bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do interruptions affect user contributions on social commerce?
Authors: Zhang Yixin , Liu Libo , Ho Shuk Ying 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSocial commerce is an extension of e‐commerce, in which social media is leveraged to promote user contributions. Our study asks how interruptions in relation to interface design influence two types of user contributions: creating shared content and appreciating others' content. We use two interface designs, pagination and infinite scrolling, to manipulate the extent of interruptions to social commerce users. On the basis of the capacity theory of attention, we develop five hypotheses. We empirically test our model using a lab experiment and a field study to show that interruptions reduce users' content appreciation but increase their content creation and that user characteristics moderate these effects. The theoretical and practical contributions of our study are discussed.
Blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk profile in hypertensive patients under specialist care in Argentina: Results from the CHARTER study
Authors: Marín Marcos , Barochiner Jessica , Rodríguez Pablo , Renna Nicolás , Castellaro Carlos , Espeche Walter , De Cerchio Alejandro , Del Sueldo Mildren , Vissani Sergio , Zilberman Judith 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWorldwide, hypertension control rate is far from ideal. Some studies suggest that patients treated by specialists have a greater chance to achieve control. The authors aimed to determine the BP control rate among treated hypertensive patients under specialist care in Argentina, to characterize patients regarding their cardiovascular risk profile and antihypertensive drug use, and to assess the variables independently associated with adequate BP control. The authors included adult hypertensive patients under stable treatment, managed in 10 specialist centers across Argentina. Office BP was measured thrice with a validated oscillometric device. Adequate BP control was defined as an average of the three readings <140/90 mm Hg (and <150/90 in patients older than 80 years). The authors estimated the proportion of adequate BP control and the variables independently associated with it through a multiple conditional logistic regression model. Among the 1146 included patients, 48.2% were men with a mean age of 63.5 (±13.1) years old. Mean office BP was 135.3 (±14.8)/80.8 (±10) mm Hg, with a 64.8% (95% CI: 62%‐67.6%) of adequate control. The mean number of antihypertensive drugs was 2.1 per participant, the commonest being angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers. In multivariable analysis, only female sex was a predictor of adequate BP control (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.02‐1.72], P = .04). In conclusion, almost 65% of hypertensive patients treated in specialist centers in Argentina have adequate BP control. The challenge for future research is to define strategies in order to translate this control rate to the primary care level, where most patients are managed.
Phenotypic variability can promote the evolution of adaptive plasticity by reducing the stringency of natural selection
Authors: Draghi Jeremy 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdaptive phenotypic plasticity is a potent but not ubiquitous solution to environmental heterogeneity, driving interest in what factors promote and limit its evolution. Here, a novel computational model representing stochastic information flow in development is used to explore evolution from a constitutive phenotype to an adaptively plastic response. Results show that populations tend to evolve robustness to developmental stochasticity, but that this evolved robustness limits evolvability; specifically, robust genotypes have less ability to evolve adaptive plasticity when presented with a mix of both the ancestral environment and a new environment. Analytic calculations and computational experiments confirm that this constraint occurs when the initial mutational steps towards plasticity are pleiotropic, such that mutant fitnesses decline in the environment to which their parents are well‐adapted. Greater phenotypic variability improves evolvability in the model by lessening this decline as well as by improving the fitness of partial adaptations to the new environment. By making initial plastic mutations more palatable to natural selection, phenotypic variability can increase the evolvability of an innovative, plastic response without improving evolvability to simpler challenges such as a shifted optimum in a single environment. Populations that evolved robustness by negative feedback between the trait and its rate of change show a particularly strong constraining effect on the evolvability of plasticity, revealing another mechanism by which evolutionary history can limit later innovation. These results document a novel mechanism by which weakening selection could actually stimulate the evolution of a major innovation.
Assessment of the effectiveness of invisible aligners compared with conventional appliance in aesthetic and functional orthodontic treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Pithon Matheus Melo , Baião Felipe Carvalho Souza , Sant´ Anna Letícia Iandeyara Dantas de Andrade , Paranhos Luiz Renato , Cople Maia Lucianne 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo seek scientific evidence to support the effectiveness of invisible aligners, in the aesthetic and functional aspects, compared with that of conventional braces. An electronic search was performed with a complementary grey literature search for in vivo research. No language restrictions were applied. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, ClinicalTrials and GreyLiterature databases were used. Studies were first selected by title and abstract; those potentially eligible were read in full. Non‐randomized studies were assessed for risk of bias using the tools Methodological Index for Non‐randomized Studies (MINORS) and Cochrane Collaboration Common Scheme for Bias as a function of the presence of randomization. The search found 559 studies, of which 55 were potentially eligible. A total of 4 articles were included in this systematic literature review: three non‐randomized controlled studies and one randomized controlled study, three with low risk of bias (RoB) and one with moderate RoB. Three studies showed time of correction of dental crowding shorter or equal to that of the control group and only one study showed less time of correction using conventional braces. Invisible aligners were deficient with respect to anterior/posterior and vertical corrections compared with fixed orthodontic appliances. Invisible aligners are effective in promoting dental alignment, but present clinical limitations in relation to the conventional system.
Suggestibility and false memories in relation to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder: a meta‐analytic review
Authors: Griego A. W. , Datzman J. N. , Estrada S. M. , Middlebrook S. S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundA systematic literature review was conducted to evaluate previous research that examined intellectual disability (ID) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in relation to memory distortions (i.e. suggestibility and false memories). There were two goals for the current study; the first goal was to identify significant trends in past literature that fulfilled previously established selection criteria. The second goal was to establish reliability and effect sizes for suggestibility and false memory for samples with diagnoses of ID or ASD.Methods and ProceduresArticles that were selected for inclusion in the current study were required to have a clinically diagnosed sample, as well as a non‐clinical control group. Studies were also required to have a post‐hoc power score higher than .30 to prevent the effects of underpowered studies and limit the potential for publication bias. Selected studies were also required to have provided pertinent information required to complete the analyses (e.g. means, standard deviations, p‐values, or correlation coefficients). Any study that did not provide the required information was excluded.Results and ConclusionsTwo empirical Bayes omnibus analyses revealed a significant effect for participants diagnosed with ID (z = 6.10, p < .001), which supported the researchers' hypothesis. The results indicated increased susceptibility toward memory suggestibility and false memories when compared with the general population. However, the results of the analyses did not support the researchers' hypothesis regarding participants diagnosed with ASD. The analyses indicated that participants diagnosed with ASD displayed decreased suggestibility and were less likely to develop false memories (z = ‐2.37, p = 0.018).
Synaptic vesicle generation from activity‐dependent bulk endosomes requires a dephosphorylation‐dependent dynamin–syndapin interaction
Authors: Cheung Giselle , Cousin Michael A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractActivity‐dependent bulk endocytosis generates synaptic vesicles (SVs) during intense neuronal activity via a two‐step process. First, bulk endosomes are formed direct from the plasma membrane from which SVs are then generated. SV generation from bulk endosomes requires the efflux of previously accumulated calcium and activation of the protein phosphatase calcineurin. However, it is still unknown how calcineurin mediates SV generation. We addressed this question using a series of acute interventions that decoupled the generation of SVs from bulk endosomes in rat primary neuronal culture. This was achieved by either disruption of protein–protein interactions via delivery of competitive peptides, or inhibition of enzyme activity by known inhibitors. SV generation was monitored using either a morphological horseradish peroxidase assay or an optical assay that monitors the replenishment of the reserve SV pool. We found that SV generation was inhibited by, (i) peptides that disrupt calcineurin interactions, (ii) an inhibitor of dynamin I GTPase activity and (iii) peptides that disrupt the phosphorylation‐dependent dynamin I–syndapin I interaction. Peptides that disrupted syndapin I interactions with eps15 homology domain‐containing proteins had no effect. This revealed that (i) calcineurin must be localized at bulk endosomes to mediate its effect, (ii) dynamin I GTPase activity is essential for SV fission and (iii) the calcineurin‐dependent interaction between dynamin I and syndapin I is essential for SV generation. We therefore propose that a calcineurin‐dependent dephosphorylation cascade that requires both dynamin I GTPase and syndapin I lipid‐deforming activity is essential for SV generation from bulk endosomes.
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Phosphorylation of unique C‐terminal sites of the mu‐opioid receptor variants 1B2 and 1C1 influences their Gs association following chronic morphine
Authors: Chakrabarti Sumita , Liu Nai‐Jiang , Gintzler Alan R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe recently demonstrated in rat spinal cord that a regimen of escalating doses of systemic morphine, analogous to regimens used clinically for chronic pain management, selectively up‐regulates the mu‐opioid receptor (MOR) splice variants MOR‐1B2 and MOR‐1C1 mRNA and functional protein. This study investigated the potential relevance of up‐regulating MOR‐1B2 and MOR‐1C1 to the ability of chronic morphine to shift MOR signaling from predominantly Gi/Go inhibitory to Gs stimulatory. Specifically, we tested the hypotheses that chronic morphine induces phosphorylation of carboxyl terminal sites unique to MOR‐1B2 and MOR‐1C1, and that this phosphorylation is causally related to augmented association of these variants with Gsα. Hypotheses were validated by (i) abolition of the chronic morphine‐induced increment in MOR‐1C1 and MOR‐1B2 association with Gsα by inhibitors of protein kinase A and Casein kinase 2, respectively; (ii) failure of chronic morphine to augment MOR variant Gsα interactions in Chinese hamster ovary cells transiently transfected with either rat MOR‐1C1 or MOR‐1B2 in which targeted protein kinase A and Casein kinase 2 serine phosphorylation sites, respectively, were mutated to alanine; (iii) abrogation of chronic morphine‐induced augmented MOR Gsα association in spinal cord of male rats following intrathecal administration of dicer substrate small interfering RNAs targeting MOR‐1B2/MOR‐1C1 mRNA. The ability of chronic morphine to not only up‐regulate‐specific MOR variants but also their carboxyl terminal phosphorylation and consequent augmented association with Gsα may represent a novel component of opioid tolerance mechanisms, suggesting novel potential targets for tolerance abatement.
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Posterior occluding pairs of teeth or dentures and 1‐year mortality in nursing home residents in Japan
Authors: Dewake Nanae , Hashimoto Hiroko , Nonoyama Toshiya , Nonoyama Kaoru , Shimazaki Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between tooth loss and mortality have been reported in older individuals. However, limited information is available regarding the association between occlusion and mortality in nursing home residents.ObjectiveWe investigated the association between posterior occluding pairs (POPs) of teeth or dentures and 1‐year mortality in nursing home residents.MethodsThe subjects of this study were residents from four nursing homes in Aichi prefecture, Japan, who were capable of eating and were enrolled in baseline examinations. We examined the number of present teeth and POPs (0‐8 pairs), defined as pairs of occluding natural, restored or fixed prosthetic post‐canine teeth. Then, we defined prosthetic POPs (0‐8 pairs) as pairs of occluding natural, restored or fixed prosthetic post‐canine teeth and removable dentures. Nutritional status, activities of daily living, cognitive function and comorbid conditions were assessed. One year later, we followed up the subjects. Ultimately, we analysed 173 elderly people (mean age ± SD: 87.1 ± 8.6 years; the survival group: N = 145, the deceased group: N = 28).ResultsIn univariate analyses, mortality was significantly associated with age, peripheral vascular disease, nutritional status, diet texture and POPs. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, subjects who had 0 prosthetic POPs had significantly higher odds of a high mortality, compared with 8 prosthetic POPs.ConclusionLack of properly occluding posterior teeth, whether remaining teeth or dentures, is associated with 1‐year mortality. (228 words/250).
Updated Nutrition Standards for School Meals Associated With Improved Weight Outcomes for Boys in Elementary School
Authors: Vericker Tracy C. , Gearing Maeve E. , Kim Sharon D. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn response to the Healthy, Hunger‐Free Kids Act of 2010, the US Department Agriculture updated the nutrition standards for school meals to improve nutrition‐related health outcomes for children. This study assesses the association between implementation of the updated nutrition standards and child weight.METHODSA quasi‐experimental design and multivariate regression analysis is used to compare longitudinal changes in BMI z‐scores for school lunch participants and nonparticipants across 2 nationally representative third grade cohorts of children—those exposed to the updated standards (N = 5480) and those not exposed (N = 9240).RESULTSBoys who ate school lunches after implementation of the updated standards experienced slower BMI z‐score growth than did nonparticipants; participants' BMI z‐scores increased by 0.10 compared with 0.18 for nonparticipants. We find no relationship between school lunch participation and BMI z‐scores for girls.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides evidence that the updated nutrition standards for school meals are associated with improved weight outcome for boys, but have no effect for girls, 1 year after implementation. These findings are encouraging and provide support for continued focus on improving the nutritional quality of school meals.
CONNECT: Implementation of a School‐Based Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention for Youth in the Cherokee Nation
Authors: Garrett Brady A. , Komro Kelli A. , Merlo Lisa J. , Livingston Bethany J. , Rentmeester Shelby , Tobler Amy , Livingston Melvin D. , Kominsky Terrence K. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is growing optimism regarding the use of screening and brief intervention (SBI) to identify and reduce risk behaviors during adolescence. However, understanding successful SBI implementation remains unclear. We previously reported the effects of CONNECT, a school‐based SBI, on reducing the primary outcome, the rate of monthly alcohol use among primarily American Indian (AI) and White high school students in the Cherokee Nation. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation process for CONNECT.METHODCONNECT was designed to reduce alcohol use with 2 key strategies: (1) SBI with motivational interviewing (MI), implemented by a school‐based CONNECT coach, and (2) a media campaign.RESULTSImplementation results indicate that during each semester of the 2–1/2 years, between 73% and 100% of eligible students had at least one 15‐minute meeting with a CONNECT coach. Postcards and posters with positive communication tips for parents were displayed in CONNECT communities. No statistically significant differences occurred between the CONNECT and control groups on the hypothesized intermediate outcomes.CONCLUSIONSWe describe implementation of a universal, school‐based, culturally adapted SBI that was effective in reducing alcohol use among youth living in the Cherokee Nation. Schools provide an important context for universal delivery of SBI interventions, such as CONNECT, for diverse adolescent populations, including AI youth.
School‐based fluoride varnish programs: a national survey
Authors: Bakhurji Eman , Hoaglin Cooper LeeAnn 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPurposeTo identify and describe school‐based fluoride varnish (FV) programs in K‐12 grades children in the United States.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study utilized an online, self‐administered survey to identify and describe school‐based FV programs in 2016. Several public health directories, mainly The Association of States and Territorial Dental Directors directory, were contacted to identify FV programs. The survey's questionnaire included 23 closed‐ended questions regarding program description, assessment, and process.ResultsOf 85 identified programs, 52 responded (response rate = 61 percent) with 40 school‐based FV programs in operation in 27 states. About 85 percent of responding programs apply FV as part of an existing school‐based program. Dental sealants on permanent teeth are the most common procedure provided in addition to FV (92 percent). One‐third of programs apply FV once a year versus 28 percent that apply FV twice a year.ConclusionsEvidence‐based guidelines for FV in school‐based programs are needed to ensure cost‐effectiveness and continuity.
Wood density, growth and mortality relationships of lianas on environmental gradients in fragmented forests of montane landscapes
Authors: Roeder Mareike , Liu JiaJia , Pasion Bonifacio , Yasuda Mika , Slik J. W. Ferry , Tomlinson Kyle W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimA better understanding of plant communities can be achieved by incorporating data of traits and dynamics into surveys. Wood density is a good predictor for growth and mortality in trees, but to date, no studies of lianas include all three. We examine how liana communities respond to environmental gradients and forest fragmentation in terms of abundance, diversity, size structure, mortality, relative growth rate and wood density, and tested how the latter three are related to each other in liana species.LocationXishuangbanna, SW China.MethodsWe repeated a survey of lianas (stems >0.5 cm diameter) in 47 plots, distributed in forest fragments of various size, on different bedrock (limestone or sandstone), over an elevational range and across different topographic elements (ridge, slope, valley). We gathered wood density data for 116 of 166 species, covering 90% of all surveyed stems. We also determined relative growth rate, mortality, stem diameter and basal area.ResultsAt the species level, liana mortality and relative growth rate were lower at higher wood density, and mortality was higher with greater relative growth rate. At the plot level, liana communities in valleys had high relative growth and mortality rates as well as high abundance and diversity. Forest on limestone hosted few species but more large‐stemmed liana individuals, and communities had higher wood density weighted by basal area. Liana abundance, relative growth rates and mortality were greater and average wood density lower towards fragment edges, but the explanatory power of these models was low.ConclusionHabitat was the major factor shaping liana communities, whereas fragmentation was not an important predictor in our study. Resource‐rich environments such as valleys harbour diverse liana communities with high mortality and relative growth rates. This pattern matches earlier studies on survival/growth trade‐offs among plant species. The relationship between growth rates, mortality and wood density in lianas follows the same trade‐offs as found in trees.
Host plant associations and geography interact to shape diversification in a specialist insect herbivore
Authors: Driscoe Amanda L. , Nice Chris C. , Busbee Robert W. , Hood Glen R. , Egan Scott P. , Ott James R. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDisentangling the processes underlying geographic and environmental patterns of biodiversity challenges biologists as such patterns emerge from eco‐evolutionary processes confounded by spatial autocorrelation among sample units. The herbivorous insect, Belonocnema treatae (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), exhibits regional specialization on three plant species whose geographic distributions range from sympatry through allopatry across the southern United States. Using range‐wide sampling spanning the geographic ranges of the three host plants and genotyping‐by‐sequencing of 1,217 individuals, we tested whether this insect herbivore exhibited host plant‐associated genomic differentiation while controlling for spatial autocorrelation among the 58 sample sites. Population genomic structure based on 40,699 SNPs was evaluated using the hierarchical Bayesian model entropy to assign individuals to genetic clusters and estimate admixture proportions. To control for spatial autocorrelation, distance‐based Moran's eigenvector mapping was used to construct regression variables summarizing spatial structure inherent among sample sites. Distance‐based redundancy analysis (dbRDA) incorporating the spatial variables was then applied to partition host plant‐associated differentiation (HAD) from spatial autocorrelation. By combining entropy and dbRDA to analyse SNP data, we unveiled a complex mosaic of highly structured differentiation within and among gall‐former populations finding evidence that geography, HAD and spatial autocorrelation all play significant roles in explaining patterns of genomic differentiation in B. treatae. While dbRDA confirmed host association as a significant predictor of patterns of genomic variation, spatial autocorrelation among sites explained the largest proportion of variation. Our results demonstrate the value of combining dbRDA with hierarchical structural analyses to partition spatial/environmental patterns of genomic variation.