bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the equivalency of human “predators” and deep neural networks in the detection of cryptic moths
Authors: Arias Mónica , Behrendt Lis , Dreßler Lyn , Raka Adelina , Perrier Charles , Elias Marianne , Gomez Doris , Renoult Julien P , Tedore Cynthia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Researchers have shown growing interest in using deep neural networks (DNNs) to efficiently test the effects of perceptual processes on the evolution of colour patterns and morphologies. Whether this is a valid approach remains unclear, as it is unknown whether the relative detectability of ecologically relevant stimuli to DNNs actually matches that of biological neural networks. To test this, we compare image classification performance by humans and 6 DNNs (AlexNet, VGG-16, VGG-19, ResNet-18, SqueezeNet, and GoogLeNet) trained to detect artificial moths on tree trunks. Moths varied in their degree of crypsis, conferred by different sizes and spatial configurations of transparent wing elements. Like humans, four of six DNN architectures found moths with larger transparent elements harder to detect. However, humans and only one DNN architecture (GoogLeNet) found moths with transparent elements touching one side of the moth’s outline harder to detect than moths with untouched outlines. When moths took up a smaller proportion of the image (i.e., were viewed from further away), the camouflaging effect of transparent elements touching the moth’s outline was reduced for DNNs but enhanced for humans. Viewing distance can thus interact with camouflage type in opposing directions in humans and DNNs, which warrants a deeper investigation of viewing distance/size interactions with a broader range of stimuli. Overall, our results suggest that human and DNN responses had some similarities, but not enough to justify widespread use of DNNs for studies of camouflage.
Trends in enforcement of National Comprehensive Cancer Network financial conflict of interest policy
Authors: Saririan Niloufar , Bhamidipati Dedipya , Dey Pranam , Persaud Sonia , Chakraborty Nirjhar , Tabatabai Sara , Gallagher Grace , Trivedi Niti U , Mitchell Aaron P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) financial conflict of interest (FCOI) policy sets dollar maximums for panelists, but violations may occur.

Methods
We studied NCCN Guidelines panelists for the 20 most prevalent cancers, 2013-2022. We included panelists with at least 1 full calendar year of service (“current panelists”) and those who began service during the study period (“new panelists”); NCCN FCOI policy limits ($20 000 from any single company or $50 000 across all companies) apply to both groups. Industry payments were obtained from Open Payments and mapped manually via National Provider Identifier. We calculated industry payments received, excluding the same payment categories as does NCCN (research, meals, travel and lodging). We estimated whether panelists received payments exceeding NCCN limits (“violation”). As a proxy for whether panelists were subsequently disqualified as stipulated, we measured continued service for at least 1 full calendar year (“retention”) subsequent to an estimated violation. We analyzed retention before and after 2016, due to increased scrutiny on NCCN FCOI in 2016.

Results
The annual proportion of current panelists with estimated violations ranged between 0.5% (2020) and 5.8% (2016). Among panelists who did vs did not have violations, retention was 83.6% vs 88.5% during 2014-2015 (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.26 to 1.31) and 46.6% vs 89.4% during 2017-2020 (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.17). Among new panelists, 2.7% (5/185) had prior-year violations during 2014-2015, as did 5.5% (18/330) during 2017-2021.

Conclusions
Each year, a small portion of panelists receive industry payments exceeding NCCN limits. Since 2016, the likelihood that such panelists will continue to serve has decreased substantially.
Translator attribution of Hongloumeng: using entropy-based features and machining learning algorithm
Authors: Hu Ruitao , Wang Gui , Shao Bin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study utilized machine learning algorithms and entropy-based features to identify translators of two English translations of Hongloumeng, a great classical Chinese novel written in the mid-18th century. The translations under examination were completed, respectively, by David Hawkes and the Yangs (Yang Hsien-yi and Gladys Yang). Two feature sets were extracted as input for the identification of translator styles: wordform features (wordform unigrams, bigrams, and trigrams) and part-of-speech (POS) features (POS unigrams, bigrams, and trigrams). Additionally, four machine learning classifiers were tested: linear support vector machines (SVMs), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), random forest (RF), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Analysis of feature importance and SHAP value identified the most influential features within each classifier. Results showed that LDA achieved the best performance, with 81 per cent accuracy in distinguishing between translations, showing promise for translator identification. In contrast, MLP struggled to reliably differentiate between translations, achieving only 50 per cent accuracy. Furthermore, POS features had the greatest influence in SVM and LDA, while wordform features dominated in RF. SHAP analysis revealed that Hawkes’ translation tended to exhibit higher POS unigram and lower POS trigram entropy compared to the Yangs’. This increased contribution of POS unigrams and trigrams suggests a link to explicitation differences in translation. In summary, the combination of machine learning and entropy-based stylometric features shows potential for automatic translator identification and analysis.
Detection of the [O i] 63 µm emission line from the z = 6.04 quasar J2054–0005
Authors: Ishii Nozomi , Hashimoto Takuya , Ferkinhoff Carl , Rybak Matus , Inoue Akio K , Michiyama Tomonari , Donevski Darko , Fujimoto Seiji , Salak Dragan , Kuno Nario , Matsuo Hiroshi , Mawatari Ken , Tamura Yoichi , Izumi Takuma , Nagao Tohru , Nakazato Yurina , Osone Wataru , Sugahara Yuma , Usui Mitsutaka , Wakasugi Koki , Yajima Hidenobu , Bakx Tom J L C , Fudamoto Yoshinobu , Meyer Romain A , Walter Fabian , Yoshida Naoki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We report the highest-redshift detection of [O i] 63 $\mu$m from a luminous quasar, J2054$-$0005, at $z=6.04$ based on the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) Band 9 observations. The [O i] 63 $\mu$m line luminosity is $(4.5\pm 1.5) \times 10^{9} L_{\odot }$, corresponding to the [O i] 63 $\mu$m-to-far-infrared luminosity ratio of $\approx$6.7 $\times 10^{-4}$, which is consistent with the value obtained in the local Universe. Remarkably, [O i] 63 $\mu$m is as bright as [C ii] 158 $\mu$m, resulting in the [O i]-to-[C ii] line luminosity ratio of $1.3\pm 0.5$. Based on a careful comparison of the luminosity ratios of [O i] 63 $\mu$m, [C ii] 158 $\mu$m, and dust continuum emission to models of photodissociation regions, we find that J2054$-$0005 has a gas density $\log (n_{\rm H}/{\rm cm}^{-3}) = 3.7\pm 0.3$ and an incident far-ultraviolet radiation field of $\log (G/G_{\rm 0}) = 3.0\pm 0.1$, showing that [O i] 63 $\mu$m serves as an important coolant of the dense and warm gas in J2054$-$0005. A close examination of the [O i] and [C ii] line profiles suggests that the [O i] line may be partially self-absorbed; however, deeper observations are needed to verify this conclusion. Regardless, the gas density and incident radiation field are in broad agreement with the values obtained in nearby star-forming galaxies and objects with [O i] 63 $\mu$m observations at $z=1$–3 with the Herschel Space Observatory. These results demonstrate the power of ALMA high-frequency observations targeting [O i] 63 $\mu$m to examine the properties of photodissociation regions in high-redshift galaxies.
Surface accretion as a dust retention mechanism in protoplanetary disks. I. Formulation and proof-of-concept simulations
Authors: Okuzumi Satoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Planetesimal formation via the streaming and gravitational instabilities of dust in protoplanetary disks requires a local enhancement of the dust-to-gas mass ratio. Radial drift of large grains toward pressure bumps in the gas disks is a plausible mechanism for achieving the required dust concentration. However, recent millimeter disk observations suggest that the maximum sizes of dust grains in these disks are considerably smaller than predicted by dust evolution models that assume sticky grains. This indicates that the grains may be more strongly coupled to the gas and hence drift more slowly than previously anticipated. In this study, we propose a new dust retention mechanism that enables an enhancement of the dust-to-gas mass ratio in disks with slowly drifting grains. This mechanism assumes that an accretion flow near the disk surface driven by magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) winds removes disk gas while retaining the slowly drifting grains below the flow. This process is expected to occur when the timescale of gas removal is shorter than the timescale of dust radial advection. To test this, we develop a radially one-dimensional framework for the transport of gas and dust in a disk with a vertically non-uniform accretion structure. Using this framework, we simulate the growth, fragmentation, and radial transport of dust grains in surface-accreting disks. Our simulations confirm a significant enhancement of the midplane dust-to-gas mass ratio when the predicted conditions for dust retention are met. Dust retention by MHD-driven surface accretion flows may thus pave the way for planetesimal formation from poorly sticky grains.
Apparent total tract nutrient digestibility of frozen raw, freeze-dried raw, fresh, and extruded dog foods and their effects on serum metabolites and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs
Authors: Geary Elizabeth L , Oba Patrícia M , Templeman James R , Swanson Kelly S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Various pet food diet formats are available, but many are poorly studied. The objective of this study was to determine the apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD) of frozen raw, freeze-dried raw, fresh, and extruded dog foods and assess their effects on serum metabolites, hematology, and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult dogs. Ten beagle dogs (4.10 ± 0.74 yr) were used in a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square study to test the following diets: Chicken and Barley Recipe (extruded; Hill’s Science Diet [EXT]), Chicken and White Rice Recipe (fresh; Just Food for Dogs [FRSH]), Chicken Formula (frozen raw; Primal [FRZN]), Chicken and Sorghum Hybrid Freeze-dried Formula (freeze-dried raw; Primal [HFD]), and Chicken Dinner Patties (freeze-dried raw; Stella & Chewy’s [FD]). The experiment was composed of five 35-d periods, with each ending with fecal and blood collections. Data were analyzed using Mixed Models in SAS 9.4, with P &lt; 0.05 being significant. Treatment was a fixed effect and dog a random effect. Protein ATTD was higher for FRZN and FD than other diets and higher for HFD than FRSH and EXT. Fat ATTD was higher for HFD than FRZN and EXT and lower for EXT than other diets. Fecal output was higher for dogs fed EXT than those fed other diets and higher for dogs fed FRSH than those fed FRZN, HFD, or FD. Fecal pH was lower in dogs fed EXT and FRSH than those fed other diets. Fecal scores were higher (looser) in dogs fed EXT and FRSH than those fed FRZN and FD. Fecal dry matter was higher in dogs fed FD than those fed other diets and higher in those fed FRZN and HFD than those fed EXT and FRSH. In general, fecal short-chain fatty acids were highest in dogs fed EXT, intermediate in dogs fed FRSH and HFD, and lowest in dogs fed FRZN and FD. Fecal isobutyrate and isovalerate were highest in dogs fed HFD, lowest in dogs fed FRSH, and intermediate in dogs fed other diets. Fecal primary bile acids were higher, while secondary bile acids were lower in dogs fed FRSH than in dogs fed other diets. Fecal microbiota were greatly impacted by diet, with alpha diversity, beta diversity, and relative abundances of over 40 bacterial genera being different among treatments. This study shows that dietary format may lead to great differences in nutrient digestibility and fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota. More research is needed to distinguish the effects of ingredient source, processing method, and nutrient composition.
Epigenetic mechanisms mediate cytochrome P450 1A1 expression and lung endothelial injury caused by MRSA in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ha Alison W. , Meliton Lucille N. , Chen Weiguo , Wang Lichun , Maienschein‐Cline Mark , Jacobson Jeffrey R. , Letsiou Eleftheria , Dudek Steven M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMethicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To advance our mechanistic understanding of this important pathogen, we characterized the effects of MRSA‐induced epigenetic modification of histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac), an activator of gene transcription, on lung endothelial cells (EC), a critical site of ARDS pathophysiology. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP‐seq) analysis revealed that MRSA induces H3K9ac in the promoter regions of multiple genes, with the highest ranked peak annotated to the CYP1A1 gene. Subsequent experiments confirm that MRSA increases CYP1A1 protein and mRNA expression, and its enzymatic activity in EC. Epigenetic inhibitors (C646, RVX‐208) reduce MRSA‐induced CYP1A1 expression and inflammatory responses, including cytokine release and adhesion molecule expression. Inhibition of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), a known mediator of CYP1A1 expression, blocks MRSA‐induced upregulation of CYP1A1 mRNA and protein expression, enzyme activity, and cytokine release. Reduction of CYP1A1 protein expression by siRNA or inhibition of its activity by rhapontigenin attenuated MRSA‐induced EC permeability and inflammatory responses. In a mouse model of MRSA‐induced acute lung injury (ALI), inhibition of CYP1A1 activity by rhapontigenin improved multiple indices of ALI, including bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) protein concentration, cytokine levels, and markers of endothelial damage. Analysis of publicly available data suggests upregulation of CYP1A1 expression in ARDS patients compared to ICU controls. In summary, these studies provide new insights into MRSA‐induced lung injury and identify a novel functional role for epigenetic upregulation of CYP1A1 in lung EC during ARDS pathogenesis.
Disruption of Opioid Treatment Program Services Due to an Extreme Weather Event: An Example of Climate Change Effects on the Health of Persons Who Use Drugs
Authors: Dunn Julia A. , Grekin Paul , Darnton James B. , Soth Sean , Austin Elizabeth J. , Woolworth Stephen , Bhatraju Elenore P. , Gojic Alex , Williams Emily C. , Hallgren Kevin A. , Tsui Judith I. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Climate change and the opioid epidemic in combination may pose significant challenges for individuals with opioid use disorder due to potential disruptions in access to essential addiction treatment services caused by extreme weather events. Despite concerns over the escalating health impacts of climate change, limited research has documented and explored the vulnerability of patients enrolled in opioid treatment programs to disruptions caused by climate change and particularly extreme cold events. In this commentary, we describe the impact of a catastrophic flooding event during record-setting cold temperatures at an opioid treatment program in Seattle, WA. By examining this event, we highlight the potential vulnerabilities the methadone treatment infrastructure faces regarding climate change and future extreme weather events. In doing so, we hope to draw attention to a critical need for research that describes, plans for, and addresses disruptions to opioid use disorder treatment resulting from climate change–related weather events.
New Alcohol-related Condition Diagnoses Are Associated With Opioid Tapers Among Patients Receiving Long-term Opioid Therapy
Authors: Pytell Jarratt D. , Narwaney Komal J. , Nguyen Anh P. , Glanz Jason M. , Binswanger Ingrid A. 
Published: November 2024

Objectives
The study sought to describe the association between alcohol-related conditions (ARCs) and long-term opioid therapy (LTOT) dose trajectories among patients with chronic pain. We explored if ARCs moderated the association between LTOT tapers and mortality.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 3912 patients receiving LTOT. The association of ARCs before initiating LTOT with subsequent LTOT dose trajectories (increasing, decreasing, stable) was assessed using multinomial regression models. The association of LTOT trajectories with subsequently diagnosed new (incident) ARC was assessed using competing risks regression models. Lastly, we explored whether ARCs moderated the association between LTOT trajectories and all-cause mortality using Cox-proportional hazards models.

Results
Overall, 6.2% (n = 244) of patients receiving LTOT were diagnosed with an ARC prior to initiating LTOT. There was no association between an ARC prior to LTOT initiation with subsequent LTOT trajectory. Among patients without an ARC diagnosis before initiating LTOT, newly diagnosed ARCs were made in 1.3% (n = 50) of patients. Patients in the decreasing LTOT trajectory were twice as likely to be diagnosed with new ARCs compared to those in the stable LTOT trajectory (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.15–4.29]). The presence of ARCs did not significantly moderate the relationship between LTOT trajectories and mortality risk.

Conclusions
Patients in the decreasing LTOT trajectory are at a higher risk of developing a new ARC. Implementing routine alcohol use screening among patients with LTOT taper would enable early identification for alcohol use. Interventions to reduce alcohol use may mitigate harms associated with LTOT taper.
The Midline Lateral Parapatellar Arthrotomy: A Safe Alternative Approach for Lateral Tibial Plateau Fractures
Authors: Heineman Nathan , Turner Alexander , Cheng Mingyuan , Grewal Ishvinder , Sanders Drew , Sathy Ashoke 
Published: November 2024

OBJECTIVES:
The midline lateral parapatellar (LP) approach has been shown in a cadaveric study to provide superior articular exposure compared with the anterolateral approach (AL). The purpose of this study was to report on outcomes and complications with the LP approach.

METHODS:

Design:
Retrospective comparative cohort study and prospective cohort.

Setting:
Academic Level-I trauma center

Patient Selection Criteria:
Adult patients with minimum 3 months follow-up who underwent open reduction internal fixation of an acute, isolated lateral tibial plateau fracture (OTA/AO 41-B1, 41-B2, 41-B3) through an LP arthrotomy or AL submeniscal arthrotomy between 2010 and 2019.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Retrospective cohort evaluated using postoperative complications including infection, delayed wound healing, and reoperation rate. Prospective cohort evaluated using Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment, knee range of motion, and complications.

RESULTS:
A total of 81 patients were studied. The mean age for the LP cohort was 41.5 years (19–79) and 18 of 32 (56.3%) patients were men. The mean age for the AL cohort was 42.8 years (18–71) and 29 of 49 (59.2%) patients were men. The mean age for patients in the prospective study was 31.4 years (19–59) and 9 of 14 (64.3%) patients were men. Mean follow-up was 9.3 months and 20.3 months for the retrospective and prospective cohorts, respectively. There was no significant difference in complication or reoperation rate (P > 0.39). For the prospective cohort of 14 patients, mean range of motion was 130 degrees. Mean Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment dysfunction index was 9.0 and mean bother index was 11.1.

CONCLUSIONS:
The LP approach resulted in comparable clinical and functional outcomes with those reported with the anterolateral approach. It is a safe alternative and may be of most benefit when treating comminuted lateral tibial plateau fractures.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Associations Among Problematic Internet Usage in Adolescents, Parental Internet Factors, and Parent-Adolescent Communication
Authors: Milkovich Libby Matile , Randell Kimberly A. , Sherman Ashley K. , Moreno Megan A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Adolescents with problematic internet use (PIU) have excessive, impulsive, or risky internet use that negatively affects social, physical, and functional outcomes. The role of parents in the prevention of adolescent PIU remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible association between adolescent PIU, parent PIU, and internet-related parenting factors.

Methods:
Adolescents aged 12 to 18 years and a parent were recruited through national Qualtrics panels for an online cross-sectional survey. Adolescents and parents completed the Problematic and Risky Internet Use Screening Scale-3 (PRIUSS-3) and Internet-Specific Parenting Practices (ISPP) scales for (1) internet content (ISPP-content) and (2) time on the internet (ISPP-time). Adolescents completed ISPP for quality of parent communication regarding internet use (ISPP-Quality). Bivariate analyses examined relationships between adolescent PIU, parent PIU, and ISPP.

Results:
In total, 4558 adolescents and 4568 parents completed surveys. Adolescent PIU prevalence was 69.9%. Parent PIU prevalence was 61.4%. Among parents with PIU, 87% had an adolescent with PIU compared with only 42% of parents without PIU (OR = 9.54, 95% CI: 8.24–11.05). More lenient content parenting practices and stricter time parenting practices were associated with increased likelihood of adolescent PIU. The quality of parent communication around the internet was lower for adolescents with PIU.

Conclusion:
Study findings suggest that coaching around positive parent-child relationships and healthy family internet use habits that include shared digital experiences may more effectively address PIU than enforcing child screen time limits.
The Research Progress: Cuproptosis and Copper Metabolism in Regulating Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Yanjuan Liu , Shuangyou Deng , Ying Wang , Xing Chen , Yue Chen , Zixuan Yu , Shumeng Zhang , Lingli Chen , Jie Li 
Published: November 2024

Abstract:
Studies have shown an association between cardiovascular disease and abnormal copper metabolism. Cuproptosis is caused by the accumulation of copper in vivo, and is a newly identified form of cell death. It regulates cardiovascular diseases by affecting vascular endothelial function and myocardial energy metabolism through pathways such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and gene expression. The treatment of copper accumulation in Traditional Chinese Medicine primarily involves heat-clearing and detoxification therapy, supplemented with diuretic therapy. In contrast, Western medicine mainly uses copper chelators. Flavonoids are common active ingredients used in the treatment of copper metabolism-related and cardiovascular diseases. In this article, we reviewed the relationship between copper metabolism, cuproptosis, and cardiovascular disease, providing novel strategies for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease; our ultimate aim is to encourage inspiration and contemplation among readers.