bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific basic patch‐dependent multimerization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ORC on single‐stranded DNA promotes ATP hydrolysis
Authors: Kawakami Hironori , Muraoka Ryuya , Ohashi Eiji , Kawabata Kenta , Kanamoto Shota , Chichibu Takeaki , Tsurimoto Toshiki , Katayama Tsutomu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReplication initiation at specific genomic loci dictates precise duplication and inheritance of genetic information. In eukaryotic cells, ATP‐bound origin recognition complexes (ORCs) stably bind to double‐stranded (ds) DNA origins to recruit the replicative helicase onto the origin DNA. To achieve these processes, an essential region of the origin DNA must be recognized by the eukaryotic origin sensor (EOS) basic patch within the disordered domain of the largest ORC subunit, Orc1. Although ORC also binds single‐stranded (ss) DNA in an EOS‐independent manner, it is unknown whether EOS regulates ORC on ssDNA. We found that, in budding yeast, ORC multimerizes on ssDNA in vitro independently of adenine nucleotides. We also found that the ORC multimers form in an EOS‐dependent manner and stimulate the ORC ATPase activity. An analysis of genomics data supported the idea that ORC‐ssDNA binding occurs in vivo at specific genomic loci outside of replication origins. These results suggest that EOS function is differentiated by ORC‐bound ssDNA, which promotes ORC self‐assembly and ATP hydrolysis. These mechanisms could modulate ORC activity at specific genomic loci and could be conserved among eukaryotes.
Profiles and characteristics of clinical subtypes of perinatal depressive symptoms: A latent class analysis
Authors: Sun Ji‐Wei , Cao Dan‐Feng , Li Jia‐Huan , Zhang Xuan , Wang Ying , Bai Hua‐Yu , Lin Ping‐Zhen , Zhang Hui‐Hui , Cao Feng‐Lin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate clinically relevant subtypes of perinatal depressive symptoms.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsA sample of 2,783 women at different prenatal and postnatal periods was recruited between August 2015 – August 2017. The Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ‐9) was used to assess depressive symptoms. Data analyses consisted of latent class analysis (LCA), analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression.Results(a) Five latent subtypes (Classes 5/4/3/1/2) were identified: ‘no symptoms’, ‘mild physio‐somatic symptoms’, ‘severe physio‐somatic symptoms and moderate anhedonia’, ‘moderate‐to‐severe symptoms’ and ‘severe symptoms’; (b) Postpartum women were more likely to belong to the severe depressive symptoms group, whereas pregnant women were likely to report severe physio‐somatic symptoms; and (c) History of abortion and perinatal complications increased the likelihood of belonging to all moderate‐to‐severe classes. Lower levels of education increased the probability of belonging to Class 2. Younger women were more likely to be categorized into Classes 1 and 2.ConclusionsThis is the first study to examine heterogeneity of perinatal depressive symptoms and delineate the characteristics of subtypes at different prenatal and postnatal periods via the PHQ‐9, using LCA in a Chinese general population.ImpactThis research details the heterogeneity of perinatal depressive symptoms and delineates the characteristics of subtypes at different prenatal and postnatal periods in a Chinese general population.
Cost‐benefit analysis of clinical pharmacist intervention in preventing adverse drug events in the general chronic diseases outpatients
Authors: Al‐Qudah Rajaa A. , Al‐Badriyeh Daoud , Al‐Ali Farah M. , Altawalbeh Shoroq M. , Basheti Iman A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesClinical pharmacy services are vital in the prevention of adverse drug events (ADEs) in clinical practice, extending beyond the hospital to chronic disease management in outpatient settings. This study sought to evaluate the cost benefit of a clinical pharmacy intervention in resolving treatment‐related problems (TRPs) among hospital outpatients with chronic diseases.MethodsFrom the hospital system perspective, the cost‐benefit analysis was based on a randomized clinical trial in the general outpatients of the major hospital in Jordan. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to either an intervention or a control group. TRPs were identified in both study groups, but interventions were delivered only to the intervention group via a home medication management review (HMMR) by a clinical pharmacist. A follow‐up in both groups took place 3 months after recruitment. The total economic benefit was the sum of (a) cost savings due to intervention and (b) cost avoidance associated with preventable ADEs. The primary outcome measures were the net benefit and benefit‐to‐cost ratio with the clinical pharmacist‐based HMMR.ResultsIn both groups, 158 TRPs were identified, and 79 interventions were provided in the study group. The monthly cost of intervention was JD764 (US $1078), and the total monthly benefit was JD4570 (US $6444), leading to a benefit‐to‐cost ratio of 5.98 and an annual net benefit of JD45 669 (US $64 393). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of results.ConclusionThe RCT‐based cost‐benefit evaluation provided evidence‐based insight into the economic benefit of a clinical pharmacist‐provided HMMR for preventing ADEs in the general chronic diseases outpatients. This intervention method against the TRPs among outpatients is cost beneficial and offers substantial cost savings to the health care hospital payer in Jordan.
Neuronal Ca2+‐dependent activator protein 1 (NCDAP1) induces neuronal cell death by activating p53 pathway following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Arai Masaaki , Imamura Osamu , Kondoh Nobuo , Dateki Minori , Takishima Kunio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOveractivation of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate glutamate receptors (NMDARs) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to excitotoxic cell death. The hyperactivation of NMDARs results in toxic levels of intracellular Ca2+ and in the activation of p53‐mediated apoptosis pathway. Neuronal Ca2+‐dependent activator protein 1 (NCDAP1) was identified as an epileptogenic gene of unknown function in our laboratory. In this study, we investigated the expression and cellular localization of NCDAP1 in rat models of fluid percussion‐induced TBI. NCDAP1 expression increased in the ipsilateral cortex and hippocampus adjacent to the lesion of the TBI rats compared with that in the sham‐operated controls. In addition, NCDAP1 was co‐expressed with neuronal marker (NeuN), and the results of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) staining suggest that NCDAP1 is involved in neuronal apoptosis that occurs after brain injury. In addition, the expression levels of p53, Bax, and active caspase‐3 correlated with those of NCDAP1. To further investigate the function of NCDAP1, primary cultured neurons were employed to establish an apoptosis model. The expression of NCDAP1 was induced by NMDA‐induced Ca2+ influx, and the knockdown of NCDAP1 by siRNA decreased apoptosis caused by treatment with NMDA. Silencing of NCDAP1 also reduced p53 expression, whereas the over‐expression of NCDAP1 induced cell death and up‐regulated the expression of p53. The inhibition of p53 with pifithrin alpha or siRNA counteracted the effects of NCDAP1. Based on our data, we suggest that NCDAP1 plays an important role in p53‐mediated neuronal apoptosis following TBI.
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Contribution of Chinese and French ear acupuncture for the management of chronic back pain: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Moura Caroline de Castro , Chaves Erika de Cássia Lopes , Chianca Tânia Couto Machado , Ruginsk Silvia Graciela , Nogueira Denismar Alves , Souza Valéria Helena Salgado , Iunes Denise Hollanda 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo compare the efficacy of Chinese and French ear acupuncture in people with chronic back pain.BackgroundChronic back pain is a common public health problem worldwide. An intervention for this condition is ear acupuncture. Several approaches are used for ear acupuncture, particularly the Chinese and French guidelines.MethodsAn open, randomised and controlled clinical trial, followed the recommendations of the CONSORT Checklist. One hundred and eleven people were selected and randomised into three groups: Chinese ear acupuncture, French ear acupuncture and Control. Evaluations were performed before the first intervention session (initial), 1 week after the fifth session (final) and after a fifteen‐day follow‐up period (follow‐up), using the Brief Pain Inventory, Rolland Morris Disability Questionnaire, and a thermal imaging camera. For data analysis, the Generalized Estimating Equation Model was applied, with significance level set at 5%.ResultsPain severity was significantly decreased by Chinese ear acupuncture throughout intervention period. Both types of ear acupuncture affected pain interference with daily activities. However, in the comparison between initial and final evaluations, only Chinese ear acupuncture produced statistically significant results. A reduction in physical disability was observed in both ear acupuncture‐treated groups during the intervention period and, although Chinese ear acupuncture failed to induce significant changes in tissular temperature at individual time points, a significant increase in cutaneous temperature was detected after the follow‐up period in the dorsal region of individuals treated with Chinese ear acupuncture. Importantly, at this time point, the mean difference between Chinese and French ear acupuncture revealed a more benefic effect of Chinese procedure on this parameter.ConclusionsThe individualised treatment based on the Chinese precepts showed, in an overall evaluation, better results for management of chronic back pain in the present study.Relevance to clinical practiceEar acupuncture can be implemented in the nurse's clinical practice to assist the treatment of people with chronic back pain.
Summer precipitation limits plant species richness but not overall productivity in a temperate mesic old‐field meadow
Authors: Serafini John , Grogan Paul , Aarssen Lonnie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractQuestionWater availability is a primary regulator of plant productivity and species richness in arid and semi‐arid ecosystems, but its influence in other habitats is much less clear partly because experimental manipulations of water are relatively rare. How important is soil moisture availability relative to other key environmental factors in determining plant species biomass and diversity in temperate mesic grasslands?LocationAn old‐field meadow in southeastern Ontario, Canada.MethodsWe established a long‐term factorial field experiment to investigate how variation in soil water (achieved by rainout shelters and water additions), nutrients (NPK fertilizer additions), and above‐ground herbivory (deer fence exclosures), interact as regulators of plant production, species richness, and species composition. Above‐ground biomass for each species was determined in replicate plots (1 m2, n = 10) after five years of treatment applications.ResultsThe rainout shelters reduced community shoot biomass by 35% relative to ambient (control) plots, with no influence of the fertiliser. To our surprise, however, the fertiliser enhanced community biomass in the ambient and water addition plots to a similar extent. Species richness and Shannon diversity were increased by water addition, but reduced by the rainout shelters and by fertilisation. Total species richness across all replicate plots was 60% higher in the water addition treatment, and almost halved in the water‐reduced treatment. In contrast to the above, the exclosures had negligible impacts on these community variables.ConclusionsTogether, these results suggest that in old‐field meadow grasslands: (a) shoot productivity is primarily limited by soil nutrient supply except under drought conditions when water availability becomes the primary constraint; (b) the two main soil resources for plants — water and nutrients — affect productivity and species richness/composition in fundamentally different ways; and (c) future increases in summer soil aridity and anthropogenic nitrogen deposition may interact to reduce vegetation productivity and diversity in temperate mesic ecosystems.
Early childhood development and stunting: Findings from the MAL‐ED birth cohort study in Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Baitun , Hossain Muttaquina , Mahfuz Mustafa , Islam M. Munirul , Hossain Md Iqbal , Murray‐Kolb Laura E. , Seidman Jessica C. , Ahmed Tahmeed 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInformation on the association between stunting and child development is limited from low‐income settings including Bangladesh where 36% of children under‐ 5 are stunted. This study aimed to explore differences in early childhood development (ECD) between stunted (length‐for‐age z‐score [LAZ] < −2) and nonstunted (LAZ ≥ −2) children in Bangladesh. Children (n = 265) aged 6–24 months who participated in the MAL‐ED birth cohort study were evaluated by trained psychologists at 6, 15, and 24 months of age using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐III; child length and weight were measured using standard procedures. ECD scores (z‐scores derived from cognitive, motor, language and socio‐emotional skills) were compared between stunted, underweight (weight‐for‐age z‐score < −2), and wasted (weight‐for‐length z‐score < −2) children, controlling for child age and sex and maternal age, education, body mass index (BMI), and depressive symptoms. Stunted children had significantly lower ECD scores than their nonstunted peers on cognitive (P = .049), motor (P < .001), language (P < .001) and social–emotional (P = .038) scales where boys had significantly lower fine motor skills compared with girls (P = .027). Mother's schooling and BMI were significant predictors of ECD. Similar to stunting, underweight children had developmental deficits in all domains (cognitive: P = .001; fine motor: P = .039, and P < .001 for both gross motor and total motor; expressive communication: P = .032; total language: P = .013; social–emotional development: P = .017). Wasted children had poor motor skills (P = .006 for the fine motor; P < .001 for both gross motor and total motor development) compared with the nonwasted peers. Early childhood stunting and underweight were associated with poor developmental outcomes in Bangladesh.
Linking plant genes to insect communities: Identifying the genetic bases of plant traits and community composition
Authors: Barker Hilary L. , Riehl Jennifer F. , Bernhardsson Carolina , Rubert‐Nason Kennedy F. , Holeski Liza M. , Ingvarsson Pär K. , Lindroth Richard L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCommunity genetics aims to understand the effects of intraspecific genetic variation on community composition and diversity, thereby connecting community ecology with evolutionary biology. Thus far, research has shown that plant genetics can underlie variation in the composition of associated communities (e.g., insects, lichen and endophytes), and those communities can therefore be considered as extended phenotypes. This work, however, has been conducted primarily at the plantgenotypelevel and has not identified the key underlying genes. To address this gap, we used genome‐wide association mapping with a population of 445 aspen (Populus tremuloides) genets to identify the genes governing variation in plant traits (defence chemistry, bud phenology, leaf morphology, growth) and insect community composition. We found 49 significant SNP associations in 13Populusgenes that are correlated with chemical defence compounds and insect community traits. Most notably, we identified an early nodulin‐like protein that was associated with insect community diversity and the abundance of interacting foundation species (ants and aphids). These findings support the concept that particular plant traits are the mechanistic link between plant genes and the composition of associated insect communities. In putting the “genes” into “genes to ecosystems ecology”, this work enhances understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms that underlie plant–insect associations and the consequences thereof for the structure of ecological communities.
Impacts of long‐term elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations on communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Maček Irena , Clark Dave R. , Šibanc Nataša , Moser Gerald , Vodnik Dominik , Müller Christoph , Dumbrell Alex J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe ecological impacts of long‐term elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) levels on soil microbiota remain largely unknown. This is particularly true for the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, which form mutualistic associations with over two‐thirds of terrestrial plant species and are entirely dependent on their plant hosts for carbon. Here, we use high‐resolution amplicon sequencing (Illumina, HiSeq) to quantify the response of AM fungal communities to the longest running (>15 years) free‐air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) experiment in the Northern Hemisphere (GiFACE); providing the first evaluation of these responses from old‐growth (>100 years) semi‐natural grasslands subjected to a 20% increase in atmospheric CO2. eCO2 significantly increased AM fungal richness but had a less‐pronounced impact on the composition of their communities. However, while broader changes in community composition were not observed, more subtle responses of specific AM fungal taxa were with populations both increasing and decreasing in abundance in response to eCO2. Most population‐level responses to eCO2 were not consistent through time, with a significant interaction between sampling time and eCO2 treatment being observed. This suggests that the temporal dynamics of AM fungal populations may be disturbed by anthropogenic stressors. As AM fungi are functionally differentiated, with different taxa providing different benefits to host plants, changes in population densities in response to eCO2 may significantly impact terrestrial plant communities and their productivity. Thus, predictions regarding future terrestrial ecosystems must consider changes both aboveground and belowground, but avoid relying on broad‐scale community‐level responses of soil microbes observed on single occasions.
Speech rhythm and language acquisition: an amplitude modulation phase hierarchy perspective
Authors: Goswami Usha 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLanguage lies at the heart of our experience as humans and disorders of language acquisition carry severe developmental costs. Rhythmic processing lies at the heart of language acquisition. Here, I review our understanding of the perceptual and neural mechanisms that support language acquisition, from a novel amplitude modulation perspective. Amplitude modulation patterns in infant‐ and child‐directed speech support the perceptual experience of rhythm, and the brain encodes these rhythm patterns in part via neuroelectric oscillations. When brain rhythms align themselves with (entrain to) acoustic rhythms, speech intelligibility improves. Recent advances in the auditory neuroscience of speech processing enable studies of neuronal oscillatory entrainment in children and infants. The “amplitude modulation phase hierarchy” theoretical perspective on language acquisition is applicable across languages, and cross‐language investigations adopting this novel perspective would be valuable for the field.
Forces and moments generated by aligner‐type appliances for orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Iliadi Anna , Koletsi Despina , Eliades Theodore 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe aim of this review was to systematically appraise the evidence on aligner mechanics and forces and moments generated across difference types of aligners. In vitro‐ laboratory studies for model simulated tooth movement with aligners. Database searches within Medline via Pubmed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), LILACS via BIREME Virtual Health Library. Unpublished literature was also searched in Open Grey, ClinicalTrials.gov (www.clinicaltrials.gov), the National Research Register (www.controlled-trials.com) and Center for Open Science (Open Science Framework), using the terms “aligner” AND “orthodontic”. Risk of bias assessment was based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted. A total of 447 studies were identified through electronic search and after careful consideration of pre‐ defined eligibility criteria, 13 deemed eligible for inclusion, while 2 were included in the quantitative synthesis. When palatal tipping of the upper central incisor through PET‐G aligners was considered, aligner thickness of 0.5, 0.625 or 0.75 mm was not associated with a significantly different moment to force (M/F) ratio, given a common gingival edge width of 3‐4 mm. Aligner thickness does not appear to possess a significant role in forces and moments generated by clear aligners under specific settings, while the most commonly examined tooth movements are tipping and rotation. The findings of this review may be applicable to certain conditions in laboratory settings.
Comparison of retinoscopy results with and without 1% cyclopentolate in school‐aged children
Authors: Doherty Sue E , Doyle Lesley A , McCullough Sara J , Saunders Kathryn J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study was designed with the aim of providing practitioners with an evidence base to inform their clinical decision making as to when cycloplegic retinoscopy is necessary and when it might be appropriate to forgo. The study aimed to determine the age at which there ceases to be a clinically significant difference between cycloplegic and non‐cycloplegic retinoscopy and whether age, refractive error, habitual spectacle wear and accommodation influence the relationship.MethodsA single examiner carried out cycloplegic and non‐cycloplegic retinoscopy on 128 children stratified into four age groups (6–7, 8–9, 10–12 and 12–13 years). Cycloplegia was achieved using 1% cyclopentolate and retinoscopy carried out after 30 min. The examiner was masked to the lenses used and to habitual spectacle wear. Accommodation was assessed using dynamic retinoscopy prior to cycloplegia.ResultsCycloplegic and non‐cycloplegic sphere differed significantly (z = −9.18, p < 0.0001). Although the difference decreased significantly as age increased (χ2 = 16.57, p = 0.0009), cycloplegic retinoscopy revealed more hyperopia than non‐cycloplegic retinoscopy in all age groups (p < 0.0001). The difference between cycloplegic and non‐cycloplegic results was greater where ‘high’ hyperopia (≥+2.50DS) was present (F1,6 = 12.86, p = 0.0005), and as hyperopia increased the difference increased (Spearman's ρ = 0.55, p < 0.0001). Neither spectacle wear (p = 0.74) nor accommodation (p = 0.08) influenced the difference between spherical measures. Measures of astigmatic error did not differ significantly (z = −1.59, p = 0.11). A non‐cycloplegic sphere ≥+1.50DS was relatively sensitive (87%) and specific (96%) at indicating clinically significant hyperopia (≥+2.50D) as revealed by cycloplegic retinoscopy.ConclusionsCyclopentolate 1% does not impact the cylindrical component of the retinoscopy result, but reveals significantly more hyperopia in the spherical component, both statistically and clinically in children aged 6–13 years. Differences between cycloplegic and non‐cycloplegic sphere increase significantly with increasing hyperopia, independent of spectacle wear and accommodation. A non‐cycloplegic retinoscopy result of ≥+1.50DS may be used by practitioners wishing to identify children aged 6–13 years at risk of clinically significant hyperopia (≥+2.50DS), but cycloplegia is required to accurately ascertain the full spherical error.