bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression in carers of people with dementia from a minority ethnic background: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials of psychosocial interventions
Authors: Akarsu Nazire E. , Prince Martin J. , Lawrence Vanessa C. , Das‐Munshi Jayati 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesSystematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effectiveness of interventions in reducing depressive symptoms in ethnic minority carers of people with dementia.MethodsWe systematically searched EMBASE, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts (ASSIA), The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Sociological Abstracts and Social Policy and Practices databases from 1990 to 2015, supplemented by a grey literature search, hand searches of bibliographies, and contacting authors. Study quality was assessed independently by two researchers using The Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool, with an inter‐rater reliability of Cohen's kappa of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.42‐1.01). Narrative synthesis and meta‐analysis were used to assess intervention effectiveness. Meta‐regression was used to assess whether factors such as intervention type, peer support, and ethnicity accounted for hetereogeneity.ResultsThirteen studies were eligible for inclusion, with 1076 participants in control groups and 980 participants in intervention groups; 12 studies provided estimates for meta‐analysis. All studies were from the United States. Interventions were associated with an overall mean reduction in depression in caregivers (SMD −0.17 (95% CI, −0.29 to −0.05; P = 0.005). Meta‐regression did not indicate any potential sources of heterogeneity, although narrative synthesis suggested that interventions developed with the target ethnic minority group's preferred mode of engagement in mind alongside cultural adaptations may have enhanced effectiveness.ConclusionsPsychosocial interventions for depression in ethnic minority carers of people with dementia are effective and could be enhanced through cultural adaptations. High‐quality studies targeting minority ethnic groups outside of the United States are needed.
Cognitive behavioral therapy improves diverse profiles of depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Dobkin Roseanne D. , Mann Sarah L. , Interian Alejandro , Gara Michael A. , Menza Matthew 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveDepression is among the most common and debilitating nonmotor complaints in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet there is a paucity of controlled research to guide treatment. Little research has focused on the extent to which specific depressive symptom profiles may dictate unique clinical recommendations to ultimately improve treatment outcomes. The current study examined the impact of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on different types of depressive symptoms in PD. It was hypothesized that the cognitive (eg, guilt, rumination, and negative attitudes towards self) and behavioral (eg, avoidance and procrastination) symptoms targeted most intensively by the treatment protocol would show the most robust response. The extent to which stabilized antidepressant use moderated specific symptom change was examined on an exploratory basis.MethodEighty depressed people with PD participated in a randomized controlled trial of CBT plus clinical management, versus clinical management only. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) subscale scores, reflecting depressive symptom heterogeneity in PD, were the focus of this investigation.ResultsCBT response was associated with significant improvements in mood, sleep, anxiety, and somatic symptoms (HAMD), and negative attitudes toward self, performance impairment, and somatic symptoms (BDI). As hypothesized, the largest effect sizes were observed for cognitive and behavioral (vs somatic) symptoms of depression. Stabilized antidepressant use moderated the effect of CBT on somatic complaints (HAMD and BDI).ConclusionsCBT may improve a diverse array of depressive symptoms in PD. Cognitive and behavioral (vs somatic) symptoms showed the greatest change. Combining CBT with antidepressants may help optimize the management of somatic complaints in depression in PD (dPD).
Artificial intelligence for identifying hydrologically homogeneous regions: A state‐of‐the‐art regional flood frequency analysis
Authors: Cassalho Felício , Beskow Samuel , de Mello Carlos Rogério , de Moura Maíra Martim , de Oliveira Leroi Floriano , de Aguiar Marilton Sanchotene 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDue to the severity related to extreme flood events, recent efforts have focused on the development of reliable methods for design flood estimation. Historical streamflow series correspond to the most reliable information source for such estimation; however, they have temporal and spatial limitations that may be minimized by means of regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA). Several studies have emphasized that the identification of hydrologically homogeneous regions is the most important and challenging step in an RFFA. This study aims to identify state‐of‐the‐art clustering techniques (e.g., K‐means, partition around medoids, fuzzy C‐means, K‐harmonic means, and genetic K‐means) with potential to form hydrologically homogeneous regions for flood regionalization in Southern Brazil. The applicability of some probability density function, such as generalized extreme value, generalized logistic, generalized normal, and Pearson type 3, was evaluated based on the regions formed. Among all the 15 possible combinations of the aforementioned clustering techniques and the Euclidian, Mahalanobis, and Manhattan distance measures, the five best were selected. Several watersheds' physiographic and climatological attributes were chosen to derive multiple regression equations for all the combinations. The accuracy of the equations was quantified with respect to adjusted coefficient of determination, root mean square error, and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient, whereas, a cross‐validation procedure was applied to check their reliability. It was concluded that reliable results were obtained when using robust clustering techniques based on fuzzy logic (e.g., K‐harmonic means), which have not been commonly used in RFFA. Furthermore, the probability density functions were capable of representing the regional annual maximum streamflows. Drainage area, main river length, and mean altitude of the watershed were the most recurrent attributes for modelling of mean annual maximum streamflow. Finally, an integration of all the five best combinations stands out as a robust, reliable, and simple tool for estimation of design floods.
Relationship between antithrombin activity and interval from diagnosis to delivery among pregnant women with early‐onset pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Umazume Takeshi , Hosokawa‐Miyanishi Ami , Watari Hidemichi , Kobayashi Takao , Seki Hiroyuki , Saito Shigeru 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the cutoff of antithrombin activity for predicting the interval from diagnosis of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia to delivery.MethodsAt Hokkaido University Hospital, Japan, data were retrospectively assessed on antithrombin activity measured at both diagnosis of pre‐eclampsia and delivery among women with singleton pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia (defined by combined gestational hypertension and proteinuria) between 2009 and 2017. The timing of delivery was determined by maternal and fetal well‐being.ResultsAmong 2904 singleton deliveries, antithrombin activity was measured for 94 (3.2%) women diagnosed with pre‐eclampsia. The median (range) interval was significantly longer for 38 (40%) women with early‐onset than for 56 (60%) women with late‐onset pre‐eclampsia (6.5 [0–27] vs 1 [0–29] days, respectively; P<0.001). In the early‐onset group, median antithrombin activity at diagnosis was significantly lower for 19 women with an interval of less than 7 days (72% [60%–92%]) than for 19 women with a longer interval (≥7 days) (84% [59%–110%]; P=0.012). Antithrombin activity of 78% at diagnosis of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia was optimal for predicting a delivery interval of less than 7 days.ConclusionA cutoff of 78% antithrombin activity at diagnosis of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia might be used as a predictor of delivery within 7 days.
Assessing Water Use, Energy Use And Carbon Emissions In Lift‐ Irrigated Areas: A Case Study From Karshi Steppe In Uzbekistan
Authors: Djumaboev Kakhramon , Yuldashev Tulkun , Holmatov Bunyod , Gafurov Zafar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe advantages of a nexus approach in addressing complex environmental challenges are becoming increasingly clear. In Central Asia, however, the nexus between water–food–energy has not received adequate attention, as the very few studies that have been conducted fell short of quantifying nexus trade‐offs and benefits at a practical, small scale. This paper applies a quantitative accounting method to assess water and energy use intensity in irrigated areas of the Karshi Steppe of Central Asia that are supplied by pumping water uphill (lift‐irrigated) from the underlying river. The results indicated that the potential water and energy savings as well as the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions could be achieved by applying an optimal planning deficit irrigation schedule simulated using CROPWAT 8. Some 575 MCM (million cubic metres) of water and 259 GWh of electricity can be saved, while the CO2 equivalent emissions can be reduced by almost 122 000 t. Achieving these savings requires a mix of technical and policy components. This paper describes an example of proper irrigation planning as a tool for water/energy savings and consequent reduction of CO2 emissions. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of Epigenomics in Bone and Cartilage Disease
Authors: van Meurs Joyce BJ , Boer Cindy G , Lopez-Delgado Laura , Riancho Jose A 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Phenotypic variation in skeletal traits and diseases is the product of genetic and environmental factors. Epigenetic mechanisms include information-containing factors, other than DNA sequence, that cause stable changes in gene expression and are maintained during cell divisions. They represent a link between environmental influences, genome features, and the resulting phenotype. The main epigenetic factors are DNA methylation, posttranslational changes of histones, and higher-order chromatin structure. Sometimes non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are also included in the broad term of epigenetic factors. There is rapidly expanding experimental evidence for a role of epigenetic factors in the differentiation of bone cells and the pathogenesis of skeletal disorders, such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. However, different from genetic factors, epigenetic signatures are cell- and tissue-specific and can change with time. Thus, elucidating their role has particular difficulties, especially in human studies. Nevertheless, epigenomewide association studies are beginning to disclose some disease-specific patterns that help to understand skeletal cell biology and may lead to development of new epigenetic-based biomarkers, as well as new drug targets useful for treating diffuse and localized disorders. Here we provide an overview and update of recent advances on the role of epigenomics in bone and cartilage diseases. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Association between blood microbiome and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nested case‐control study
Authors: Qiu Jing , Zhou Hui , Jing Yang , Dong Chen 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundAlthough recent studies have indicated that gut microbiome dysbiosis was significantly associated with the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), information on the role of blood microbiome in T2DM development is scarce.MethodsFifty incident T2DM cases and 100 matched non‐T2DM controls were selected from a prospective cohort study of “135.” The composition of the blood microbiome was characterized using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing from pre‐diagnostic blood sample. The amplicons were normalized, pooled, and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq instrument using a MiSeq Reagent Kit PE300 v3 kit.ResultsTotally, 3 000 391 and 6 244 227 high‐quality sequences were obtained from T2DM patients and non‐T2DM controls, respectively. The mean diversity of the blood microbiome (Simpson, Chao1 and Shannon indices) was not different between two groups at baseline. At genus level, the Aquabacterium, Xanthomonas, and Pseudonocardia were presented with lower abundance, while Actinotalea, Alishewanella, Sediminibacterium, and Pseudoclavibacter were presented with higher abundance among T2DM cases compared to those in non‐T2DM controls. As the results shown, participants carried the genus Bacteroides in blood were significantly associated with a decreased risk for T2DM development, with 74% vs 88% (adjusted OR: 0.367, 95% CI: 0.151‐0.894). However, participants carried the genus Sediminibacterium have an increased risk for T2DM, with adjusted OR (95% CI) being 14.098 (1.358, 146.330).ConclusionsBlood microbiome may play an etiology role in the development of T2DM. These findings would be useful to develop microbiota‐based strategies for T2DM prevention and control.
Initial medical and surgical management of inflammatory bowel disease in the biologic era: A comparison between the United States and China
Authors: Varma Sanskriti , Hu Jun , Mehta Ambar , Song Yiran , Park Angela , Zhi Min , Hutfless Susan 
Published: February 2019

Background and AimsWe compared the initial medical and surgical management of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) between the United States and China, with aims to better characterize the global variation in the treatment patterns of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).MethodsParticipants from the United States and China completed a questionnaire on demographic and clinical characteristics, medications (biologics, immunomodulators, aminosalicylates, steroids), and IBD‐related surgical history. Patients diagnosed in 2006 and later were eligible. Analysis was restricted to treatment patterns within 1 year of diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regressions examined differences by country.ResultsWe recruited 202 CD (US: 49%, China: 51%) and 133 UC (US: 63%, China: 37%) participants. Median age at survey was 31 years (range: 18–76) and at diagnosis was 28 years (range: 12–70). Biologics were commonly used in the United States for CD (66%) and UC (28%) and less commonly in China for CD (19%) and UC (0%). On regression, US CD participants were more likely to receive biologics (odds ratio [OR] 23.82 [95% confidence interval [CI] 8.98–63.14]), aminosalicylates (OR 4.93 [2.00–12.15]), and steroids (OR 4.36 [1.87–10.16]). US UC participants were more likely to receive immunomodulators (OR 3.45 [1.09–10.90]) and steroids (OR 3.31 [1.55–7.06]). There existed minimal differences regarding undergoing surgery for CD (US: 16%, China: 16%) and UC (US: 5%, China: 2%). A proportion (US: 12%, China: 19%) underwent IBD‐related surgery prior to diagnosis (median: 5 years; range: 1–39).ConclusionUS, relative to Chinese, participants were more likely to report early biologic use. There were no differences between countries in undergoing early surgery. Evaluating global practice variation is integral to optimizing early pharmacological therapy and timing of surgery for patients with IBD.
Growth impairment in individuals with citrin deficiency
Authors: Numakura Chikahiko , Tamiya Gen , Ueki Masao , Okada Tomoo , Maisawa Shun‐ichi , Kojima‐Ishii Kanako , Murakami Jun , Horikawa Reiko , Tokuhara Daisuke , Ito Koichi , Adachi Masanori , Abiko Takahiro , Mitsui Tetsuo , Hayasaka Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCitrin deficiency causes neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis (NICCD), failure to thrive and dyslipidemia (FTTDCD), and adult‐onset type II citrullinemia (CTLN2). Owing to a defect in the NADH‐shuttle, citrin deficiency impairs hepatic glycolysis and de novo lipogenesis leading to hepatic energy deficit. To investigate the physiological role of citrin, we studied the growth of 111 NICCD‐affected subjects (51 males and 60 females) and 12 NICCD‐unaffected subjects (five males and seven females), including the body weight, height, and genotype. We constructed growth charts using the lambda‐mu‐sigma (LMS) method. The NICCD‐affected subjects showed statistically significant growth impairment, including low birth weight and length, low body weight until 6 to 9 months of age, low height until 11 to 13 years of age, and low body weight in 7 to 12‐year‐old males and 8‐year‐old females. NICCD‐unaffected subjects showed similar growth impairment, including low birth weight and height, and growth impairment during adolescence. In the third trimester, de novo lipogenesis is required for deposition of body fat and myelination of the developing central nervous system, and its impairment likely causes low birth weight and length. The growth rate is the highest during the first 6 months of life and slows down after 6 months of age, which is probably associated with the onset and recovery of NICCD. Adolescence is the second catch‐up growth period, and the proportion and distribution of body fat change depending on age and sex. Characteristic growth impairment in citrin deficiency suggests a significant role of citrin in the catch‐up growth via lipogenesis.
An evolutionary approach to optimizing glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐α enzymatic activity for gene therapy of glycogen storage disease type Ia
Authors: Zhang Lisa , Cho Jun‐Ho , Arnaoutova Irina , Mansfield Brian C. , Chou Janice Y. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type‐Ia (GSD‐Ia), caused by a deficiency in glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐α (G6Pase‐α or G6PC), is characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis with a hallmark hypoglycemia, following a short fast. We have shown that G6pc‐deficient (G6pc−/−) mice treated with recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vectors expressing either wild‐type (WT) (rAAV‐hG6PC‐WT) or codon‐optimized (co) (rAAV‐co‐hG6PC) human (h) G6Pase‐α maintain glucose homeostasis if they restore ≥3% of normal hepatic G6Pase‐α activity. The co vector, which has a higher potency, is currently being used in a phase I/II clinical trial for human GSD‐Ia (NCT 03517085). While routinely used in clinical therapies, co vectors may not always be optimal. Codon‐optimization can impact RNA secondary structure, change RNA/DNA protein‐binding sites, affect protein conformation and function, and alter posttranscriptional modifications that may reduce potency or efficacy. We therefore sought to develop alternative approaches to increase the potency of the G6PC gene transfer vectors. Using an evolutionary sequence analysis, we identified a Ser‐298 to Cys‐298 substitution naturally found in canine, mouse, rat, and several primate G6Pase‐α isozymes, that when incorporated into the WT hG6Pase‐α sequence, markedly enhanced enzymatic activity. Using G6pc−/− mice, we show that the efficacy of the rAAV‐hG6PC‐S298C vector was 3‐fold higher than that of the rAAV‐hG6PC‐WT vector. The rAAV‐hG6PC‐S298C vector with increased efficacy, that minimizes the potential problems associated with codon‐optimization, offers a valuable vector for clinical translation in human GSD‐Ia.
A Confucian Interpretation of Creativity
Authors: Tan Charlene 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis article explores a Confucian interpretation of creativity with reference to two classics—AnalectsandMencius. A Confucian understanding of creativity centers onyi(appropriateness) and is motivated byshu(empathy) for the purpose of broadeningdao(Way). Confucian creativity is manifested in two main ways: novelty through original interpretations of the objective world; and appropriateness through flexible responses to concrete circumstances synchronically and diachronically. Two major implications for research on creativity are highlighted. The first is that a Confucian approach to creativity extends the existing research on personal creativity by foregrounding the moral and interpersonal elements. Secondly, Confucian creativity synthesizes novelty and appropriateness, thereby challenging the essentialization of creativity and creative abilities of East Asians. A Confucian conception of creativity transcends a narrow focus on specific creative acts to a broader consideration of the agents, relationships, socio‐cultural contexts and related moral issues.
Synthesis and Self‐Assembly Properties of New Surface‐Active 1‐Alkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids in Aqueous Media
Authors: Adam Claudia G. , Fortunato Graciela G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNew cationic surface‐active ionic liquids (SAIL) were synthesized using 1‐alkylimidazolium cations [CnHim] (n = 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16) with trifluoroacetate ([CF3CO2]) and methanesulfonate ([CH3SO3]) anions as counterions. Their self‐aggregation behavior in water was investigated using electrical conductivity and fluorescence measurements. Based on the obtained results, the critical micellar concentration (CMC), the degree of counterion dissociation, α, the Gibbs free energy of micelle formation, , and the mean aggregation number (Nagg) were determined. The analysis of these parameters indicates that these new SAIL exhibit certain improved properties with respect to traditional cationic surfactants. Furthermore, SAIL with [CF3CO2] counterions exhibit lower CMC values than alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (CnTAB)‐type surfactants and their dialkylimidazolium counterparts with the same alkyl chain length. It was demonstrated that, in the studied SAIL, the hydrophobic probe pyrene resides deeper inside the palisade layer of the micelle and the estimated E
T(30) polarity values of micellar pseudophase confirm this result. The abovementioned outcomes demonstrate that the 1‐alkylimidazolium cation is suitable to promote aggregation when it is accompanied by the appropriate counterions. Consequently, this contribution becomes a valuable first step toward the potential application of these compounds as a new class of “designed cationic surfactants.”
Temporal Associations Between Moral Injury and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters in Military Veterans
Authors: Currier Joseph M. , McDermott Ryon C. , Farnsworth Jacob K. , Borges Lauren M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWar zone veterans who experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms might struggle with co‐occurring cognitive, emotional, and behavioral expressions of suffering that align with conceptual definitions of moral injury (MI). However, given that PTSD is a multidimensional condition, disentangling the apparent interplay with MI may inform clinical practice and research. This study incorporated a cross‐lagged design to explore temporal associations between self‐ and other‐directed outcomes related to MI and severity of DSM‐5 PTSD symptom clusters while accounting for depressive symptoms. Drawing on the Expressions of Moral Injury Scale–Military Version in a community sample of 182 previously deployed veterans, MI‐related outcomes were linked with severity of PTSD symptom clusters at two assessments spaced apart by 6 months, rs = .58–.62. Of possible models for conceptualizing the temporal nature of these associations, structural equation modeling analyses revealed a cross‐lagged primary MI model best fit veterans’ responses. Within this model, veterans’ self‐directed MI at Time 1 predicted greater PTSD symptoms at the 6‐month follow‐up. However, an equivalent cross‐lagged path also emerged between Time 1 PTSD Cluster D symptoms and self‐directed MI at Time 2, suggesting the value of a reciprocal MI model for this symptom domain. In contrast, other‐directed outcomes of MI were not linked with PTSD in the presence of other variables. Overall, these findings support the prognostic value of assessing for MI‐related outcomes among veterans who might be struggling with PTSD symptomatology, particularly with respect to self‐directed problems associated with enduring moral distress.