bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and optimisation of advanced bearing system for ultra-precision plastic electronics production systems
Authors: Zhao Gang 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The paper aims to use aluminium alloy to substitute steel as the main material of ultra-precision hydro-static bearing system for an ultra-precision plastic electronics production system to lower the manufacturing cost. The total cost of diamond turning and nickel-based electroless coating of an aluminium alloy bearing is expected to be less than the cost of manufacturing a stainless steel bearing.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper used a large amount of theoretical calculation to obtain optimal specifications of the bearing system. ANSYS modelling was selected to simulate the deflection of the bearing shaft under high oil pressure. Hundreds of measurements were conducted after the bearing had been manufactured.

Findings
The paper provides industrial application insights on using aluminium alloy with a high-quality nickle-based electroless coating as a successful substitution of stainless steel. This created a more economic hydro-static bearing system.

Research limitations/implications
Because of the time limit, different rotational speed tests shall be conducted in the future.

Practical implications
The paper provides implications for the application of nickel-based electroless coating to improve the surface property and bending strength of aluminium alloy, as well as classifying ultra-precision diamond turning as an economic finishing process.

Originality/value
This paper has identified the importance of aluminium alloy with a nickel-based electroless coating as the substitution of stainless steel in a precision hydro-static bearing system.
The bottleneck dilemma at headquarters: new product development for local markets
Authors: Kim Heejin , Kim Seong-Young 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the condition under which a multinational company’s organizational headquarters influences its development of a localized overseas product.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on interviews with members at a Japanese multinational company’s headquarters, the authors’ analysis shows two invisible bottlenecks in the headquarters organization: the psychological resistance of the headquarters’ engineers and a lack of communication channels between the headquarters and overseas units.

Findings
The authors’ analysis shows two invisible bottlenecks in the headquarters organization: the psychological resistance of the headquarters’ engineers and a lack of communication channels between the headquarters and overseas units.

Originality/value
The authors’ research provides a rare glimpse into the ways that the conditions of local knowledge and foreign subsidiaries and the organizational conditions of home country headquarters are intertwined with one another during a period of product development.
Energy absorbing capability of additive manufactured multi-material honeycomb structure
Authors: Rajendra Boopathy Vijayanand , Sriraman Anantharaman , G. Arumaikkannu 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
The present work aims in presenting the energy absorbing capability of different combination stacking of multiple materials, namely, Vero White and Tango Plus, under static and dynamic loading conditions.

Design/methodology/approach
Honeycomb structures with various multi-material stackings are fabricated using PolyJet 3D printing technique. From the static and dynamic test results, the structure having the better energy absorbing capability is identified.

Findings
It is found that from the various stacking combinations of multiple materials, the five-layered (5L) sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure has better energy absorbing capability.

Practical implications
This multi-material combination with a honeycomb structure can be used in the application of crash resistance components such as helmet, knee guard, car bumper, etc.

Originality/value
Through experimental work, various multi-material honeycomb structures and impact resistance of single material clearly indicated the inability to absorb impact loads which experiences a maximum force of 5,055.24 N, whereas the 5L sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure experiences a minimum force of 1,948.17 N, which is 38.5 per cent of the force experienced by the single material. Moreover, in the case of compressive resistance, 2L sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure experiences a maximum force of 5,887.5 N, whereas 5L sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure experiences a minimum force of 2,410 N, which is 40.9 per cent of the force experienced by two-layered (2L) sandwich multi-material honeycomb structure. In this study, the multi-material absorbed most of the input energy and experienced minimum force in both compressive and impact loads, thus showing its energy absorbing capability and hence its utility for structures that experience impact and compressive loads. A maximum force is required to deform the single and 2L material in terms of impact and compressive load, respectively, under maximum stiffness conditions.
Move out or dig in? Risk awareness and mobility plans in disaster‐affected communities
Authors: Haney Timothy J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPost‐disaster migration patterns have been thoroughly studied from a demographic standpoint, but affected community residents’ perceptions of ongoing risks and their willingness to remain in an affected community remain under‐researched. Using data generated by 407 surveys and 40 interviews with residents impacted by the 2013 Calgary flood, this study analyses the effects of flood experience on residents’ worry about future floods and their ensuing short‐term and medium‐term mobility plans. The results indicate that home flooding and evacuation orders are both predictive of worry about future floods. In turn, worry about future floods as well as age, homeownership, and place attachment are all predictive of post‐disaster mobility plans. Residents discuss how the flood either strengthened or weakened their place attachment. The paper concludes by discussing the implications for social science research and for public policy that aims to mitigate disaster risk.
Systematic review of sociodemographic representation and cultural responsiveness in psychosocial and behavioral interventions with adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Morone Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in youth aged less than 20 years in the USA is a mounting public health concern. Specific sociodemographic characteristics—racial/ethnic minority, low socioeconomic status (SES), single‐parent home and underinsured—have been associated with increased risk for poor glycemic control and poor self‐management in adolescents with T1D.MethodsSample demographic and cultural responsiveness methods in psychosocial and behavioral interventions focused on improving self‐management and glycemic control in adolescents with T1D were systematically evaluated, to identify if studies were targeting these high‐risk groups. Keyword searches of PsychInfo, PubMed and CINAHL identified 259 studies published between 2006 and 2016, of adolescents (13‐18 years old) with T1D; 28 studies met inclusion criteria.ResultsSamples focused predominantly on White adolescents with fair glycemic control, from middle‐high income, two‐parent households with private insurance. The majority of studies scored poorly in cultural responsiveness and moderately in culturally responsive reporting. Studies lacked descriptions of culturally inclusive recruitment and sampling methods, and use of culturally responsive assessments for diverse groups. The majority of studies recruited and enrolled homogeneous adolescent samples from the lowest risk groups.ConclusionT1D intervention researchers must increase targeted recruitment and sampling methods to include more high‐risk pediatric T1D groups, expand sociodemographic reporting, and increase the use of culturally responsive recruitment and sampling methods, such as those used in community‐based participatory research. Such efforts have the potential to reduce T1D disparities by making interventions more relevant to the unique needs, goals and priorities of highest risk groups.
Cryptic diversity in the Mexican highlands: Thousands of UCE loci help illuminate phylogenetic relationships, species limits and divergence times of montane rattlesnakes (Viperidae: Crotalus)
Authors: Blair Christopher , Bryson Robert W. , Linkem Charles W. , Lazcano David , Klicka John , McCormack John E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWith the continued adoption of genome‐scale data in evolutionary biology comes the challenge of adequately harnessing the information to make accurate phylogenetic inferences. Coalescent‐based methods of species tree inference have become common, and concatenation has been shown in simulation to perform well, particularly when levels of incomplete lineage sorting are low. However, simulation conditions are often overly simplistic, leaving empiricists with uncertainty regarding analytical tools. We use a large ultraconserved element data set (>3,000 loci) from rattlesnakes of the Crotalus triseriatus group to delimit lineages and estimate species trees using concatenation and several coalescent‐based methods. Unpartitioned and partitioned maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of the concatenated matrix yield a topology identical to coalescent analysis of a subset of the data in bpp. ASTRAL analysis on a subset of the more variable loci also results in a tree consistent with concatenation and bpp, whereas the SVDquartets phylogeny differs at additional nodes. The size of the concatenated matrix has a strong effect on species tree inference using SVDquartets, warranting additional investigation on optimal data characteristics for this method. Species delimitation analyses suggest up to 16 unique lineages may be present within the C. triseriatus group, with divergences occurring during the Neogene and Quaternary. Network analyses suggest hybridization within the group is relatively rare. Altogether, our results reaffirm the Mexican highlands as a biodiversity hotspot and suggest that coalescent‐based species tree inference on data subsets can provide a strongly supported species tree consistent with concatenation of all loci with a large amount of missing data.
A robust, cost‐effective method for DNA, RNA and protein co‐extraction from soil, other complex microbiomes and pure cultures
Authors: Thorn Camilla E. , Bergesch Christian , Joyce Aoife , Sambrano Gustavo , McDonnell Kevin , Brennan Fiona , Heyer Robert , Benndorf Dirk , Abram Florence 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe soil microbiome is inherently complex with high biological diversity, and spatial heterogeneity typically occurring on the submillimetre scale. To study the microbial ecology of soils, and other microbiomes, biomolecules, that is, nucleic acids and proteins, must be efficiently and reliably co‐recovered from the same biological samples. Commercial kits are currently available for the co‐extraction of DNA, RNA and proteins but none has been developed for soil samples. We present a new protocol drawing on existing phenol–chloroform‐based methods for nucleic acids co‐extraction but incorporating targeted precipitation of proteins from the phenol phase. The protocol is cost‐effective and robust, and easily implemented using reagents commonly available in laboratories. The method is estimated to be eight times cheaper than using disparate commercial kits for the isolation of DNA and/or RNA, and proteins, from soil. The method is effective, providing good quality biomolecules from a diverse range of soil types, with clay contents varying from 9.5% to 35.1%, which we successfully used for downstream, high‐throughput gene sequencing and metaproteomics. Additionally, we demonstrate that the protocol can also be easily implemented for biomolecule co‐extraction from other complex microbiome samples, including cattle slurry and microbial communities recovered from anaerobic bioreactors, as well as from Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pure cultures.
Output and input bias effects of U.S. direct payments
Authors: Haque Samiul , Foster Kenneth A. , Keeney Roman , Boys Kathryn A. , Narayanan Badri G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis study examines the national effect of U.S. direct payments on the extent and direction of biased technical change on U.S. agriculture. We also assess the economic significance of the estimated bias effects for economic policy modeling endeavors involving a reduction of domestic support payments. A two outputs (livestock and crops) and four inputs (labor, capital, land, and material) translog cost function was estimated from national time series (1948–2011) data. Results indicate that payments do not induce output‐biased technical change. We do find evidence of Hicksian bias that is land using and material input saving attributable to support payments. Global computable general equilibrium simulations suggest that price and output effects of discontinuing direct payments are 1/4 to 1/3 the size once the bias effects are incorporated.
Corridors of Power: AssemblingUSEnvironmental Foreign Aid
Authors: Corson Catherine 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUsing theUSAgency for International Development's environmental program in Madagascar as a lens, I offer a historically grounded, relational, and multi‐sited methodology for understanding the transnational processes that constitute political forests in the contemporary era. I argue that neoliberal reforms conditioned the emergence of a public–private–non‐profit alliance, which promoted biodiversity conservation as aUSforeign aid priority. As these reforms weakened state capacity and liberalised economies, the downsized Madagascar andUSgovernments became reliant on conservation actors to mobilise political support for their programs. This reinforced the need to maintain strategic relationships with capital‐city actors, undermining prior efforts to devolve forest management to local communities. By isolating deforestation as a peasant problem “over there” and by expanding protected areas to meet global biodiversity targets, the conservation alliance created an avenue to be green that did not threaten extractive industries or key constituents. In this manner, saving the environment via protected areas expansion offered politicians a pathway through the inherent contradictions of green neoliberalism.
Effects of supplementary mother liquor, by‐product of monosodium glutamate, on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics
Authors: Sato Yoshiaki , Nakanishi Takashi , Takeda Motoharu , Oishi Kazato , Hirooka Hiroyuki , Kumagai Hajime 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMother liquor (ML) is monosodium glutamate by‐product and contains much crude protein (CP). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of supplementation of two types of MLs having different chemical compositions on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics. ML1 had 74% organic matter (OM) and 70% CP and ML2 had 85% OM and 83% CP on a dry matter (DM) basis. The experiments were conducted using 0.5 gDM rolled barley or ryegrass straw as substrates. Urea and freeze‐dried MLs were added at three levels of nitrogen to be isonitrogenous. The ML1 treatment increased gas production compared with the ML2 treatment in barley substrate condition (p < 0.05). The supplementary ML2 increased gas production compared with the supplementary urea, and the digestibilities of DM and neutral detergent fiber expressed exclusive of residual ash (NDFom) were higher for the supplementary ML2 than for the supplementary ML1 in straw substrate condition (p < 0.05). In both the conditions, ammonia nitrogen concentrations of the ML1 and ML2 treatments were lower than that of the urea treatment (p < 0.05). The results indicated that the supplementary ML1 and ML2 activated in vitro ruminal fermentation particularly in concentrate and roughage substrate conditions respectively.
Target engagement and cellular fate of otelixizumab: a repeat dose escalation study of an anti‐CD3ε mAb in new‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Vlasakakis Georgios , Napolitano Antonella , Barnard Ruth , Brown Kim , Bullman Jonathan , Inman David , Keymeulen Bart , Lanham David , Leirens Quentin , MacDonald Alexander , Mezzalana Enrica , Page Kevin , Patel Minesh , Savage Caroline O. , Zamuner Stefano , van Maurik Andre 
Published: December 2018

AimsThis paper describes the pharmacological findings from a study where otelixizumab, an anti‐CD3ɛ mAb, was dosed in new onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus (NOT1DM) patients. This is the first time that the full dose–response of an anti‐CD3ɛ mAb has been investigated in the clinic. The data have been validated using a previously developed pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model of otelixizumab to simulate the interplay between drug administration, CD3ɛ target engagement and downmodulation.MethodsPatients were randomized to control or active treatment with otelixizumab (1:4), administered via infusion over 6 days, in a dose‐ascending study consisted of three cohorts (n = 10 per cohort) at doses of 9, 18 or 27 mg respectively. The study allowed quantification of otelixizumab PK, CD3ɛ target engagement and its pharmacodynamic effect (CD3ε/TCR modulation on circulating T lymphocytes).ResultsOtelixizumab concentrations increased and averaged to 364.09 (54.3), 1625.55 (72.5) and 2781.35 (28.0) ng ml−1 (Geom.mean, %CV) at the 9, 18 and 27 mg dose respectively. CD3ɛ target engagement was found to be rapid (within the first 30 min), leading to a receptor occupancy of ~60% within 6 h of dosing in all three doses. A dose–response relationship was observed with the two highest doses achieving a ~90% target engagement and consequential CD3ɛ/TCR downmodulation by Day 6.ConclusionsData from this study revealed maximum target engagement and CD3ɛ/TCR modulation is achieved at doses of 18, 27 mg of otelixizumab. These findings can be useful in guiding dose selection in clinical trials with anti‐CD3ɛ mAbs.
PERFORMANCE‐BASED FEE CONTRACT AND RISK‐TAKING STRATEGY IN ASSET MANAGEMENT TOURNAMENT
Authors: Sheng Jiliang , Wang Xiaoting , Yang Jun , Li Miao 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates how performance‐based fee (PBF) contracts affect strategic risk‐taking behaviours of fund managers in an asset management tournament. In the perfect equilibrium, managers with better mid‐year performance will hold the risky asset with a higher probability in the remaining of the year, compared to managers with poorer mid‐year performance. If the volume of the cash flow into the winner fund is contingent on its level of success, the winning fund will take a more aggressive approach. When the PBF contract pays more heed to relative performance against the benchmark, managers are more likely to adopt aggressive strategies.
Cost‐effectiveness of intensification with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin and sitagliptin vs direct intensification with insulin in the United Kingdom
Authors: Pawaskar Manjiri , Bilir S. Pinar , Kowal Stacey , Gonzalez Claudio , Rajpathak Swapnil , Davies Glenn 
Published: December 2018

AimTo evaluate the long‐term cost‐effectiveness of an intensification strategy with sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (pathway 1) compared with NPH insulin (pathway 2) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the United Kingdom who were not at goal on metformin and sitagliptin.MethodsCost‐effectiveness analysis was performed using the well‐established, validated IQVIA CORE Diabetes Model from the payer perspective over a patient's lifetime. Randomized clinical trials informed treatment effect measures, while public or published sources informed economic inputs. Scenario analyses of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), hypoglycaemia rate, body mass index effects, SGLT2 inhibitor cardiovascular protective effects, and population characteristics were conducted to assess the robustness of results.ResultsPathway 1 increased life‐years and quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs) compared with pathway 2 (13.49 vs. 13.37, and 9.40 vs. 9.22, respectively). Additional drug costs in pathway 1 were offset by diabetes‐related complication decreases, leading to slightly lower direct medical costs for pathway 1 (£25747 vs £26095). Pathway 1 was therefore cost‐neutral (no interpretable incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio), while improving clinical outcomes. Scenario analyses consistently showed cost‐neutrality or cost‐effectiveness of pathway 1. The highest result remained less than £3000/QALY, reflecting older patients (≥65 years) with lower baseline HbA1c (7%).ConclusionsFor UK patients with T2D not at goal on metformin and sitagliptin therapy, treatment intensification with SGLT2 inhibitors prior to NPH insulin is cost‐neutral or cost‐effective compared with immediate NPH insulin intensification.
Seasonal changes in the density of the symbionts Buchnera and Wolbachia of the aphid Tuberculatus macrotuberculatus on Quercus dentata
Authors: Yao Izumi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeasonal changes in leaf traits and tannins, including hydrolysable tannins (HTs) and condensed tannins (CTs), affect aphid body size and demographic patterns. The aphid Tuberculatus macrotuberculatus Essig & Kuwana (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeds on the leaves of the daimyo oak, Quercus dentata Thunberg (Fagaceae), does not alternate hosts, and is attended continuously by ants. Buchnera aphidicola Munson et al. (a γ‐proteobacterium, hereafter Buchnera) is the primary symbiont of most aphid species. It provides essential amino acids to host aphids. Wolbachia sp. (an α‐proteobacterium) is present in some aphid species. This study investigated the effects of seasonal tannin and leaf trait fluctuations in Q. dentata on aphid performance and Buchnera and Wolbachia densities in T. macrotuberculatus. As the season progressed, the water content and HT concentration in Q. dentata leaves decreased, CT concentration in Q. dentata leaves increased, and T. macrotuberculatus performance decreased. Buchnera density varied in accordance with host aphid performance, whereas Wolbachia density did not vary throughout the season, suggesting that although Buchnera depends on the host plant and host aphid performance for growth, Wolbachia may have a high tolerance for oligotrophic environments and may exist independent of the nutritional metabolism of the host aphid. Although the role of Wolbachia in T. macrotuberculatus remains unclear, it may be associated with resistance to parasitoid wasps and plant secondary metabolites.