bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinct Phenotypes of Native Cutthroat Trout Emerge under a Molecular Model of Lineage Distributions
Authors: Bestgen Kevin R. , Rogers Kevin B. , Granger Robert 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRecent molecular investigations using contemporary and century‐old museum specimens questioned the traditional four‐subspecies taxonomic arrangement of Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii in the southern Rocky Mountains and revealed six lineages, including two that are likely extinct. We examined extant lineage specimens to determine whether morpho‐meristic taxonomic approaches better classified Cutthroat Trout under (1) the traditional Geographic Model, which recognizes different subspecies east and west of the Continental Divide and in the Rio Grande basin; or (2) the Molecular Model, which uses genotypes to assign populations to four lineages. Classification success of the Molecular Model was higher than that of the Geographic Model, whether comparisons involved single‐trait, principal components, or discriminant function analyses. Native east slope South Platte River trout (putative Greenback Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii stomias) were distinct and correctly classified, as were 83% of Rio Grande Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii virginalis populations. In all, 100% of the Blue Lineage populations of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout O. clarkii pleuriticus (putative west slope native of the White, Yampa, Green, and downstream Colorado River drainages) and 71% of the Green Lineage populations of Colorado River Cutthroat Trout (native to west slope Gunnison and Dolores River drainages and Colorado River headwaters) were correctly classified (89% overall) under the Molecular Model. Green Lineage misclassifications were mainly from morphologically and genetically distinct populations located east of the Continental Divide, whose native status remains unknown. In contrast, only 63% of those east slope and west slope Cutthroat Trout populations were correctly classified under the Geographic Model. Cohesion of distinct phenotypes and genotypes of present‐day native Cutthroat Trout lineages was remarkable given widespread and massive early stocking of various lineages outside of their native ranges. Strong congruence of morphological and molecular patterns demonstrated the power of joint morphological and molecular analyses. We encourage management that preserves diversity of these rare Cutthroat Trout lineages that evolved in concert with their environment.
Deer harvest variation in small and large management units in Pennsylvania
Authors: Rosenberry Christopher S. , Diefenbach Duane R. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTLarge game management units often lead to criticisms from hunters because they assume smaller units possess less variation in wildlife populations and more closely represent their local area. In 2003, Pennsylvania, USA, replaced smaller, socio‐political county‐based management units with larger wildlife management units (WMUs). We tested the hypothesis that smaller county units possessed less variation in antlered and antlerless white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) harvest densities among municipalities than did larger WMUs. Spatial variation, as measured by standard deviation and coefficient of variation of deer harvested per km2 was similar for antlered deer (county units 0.44 SD, CV = 0.35; WMUs 0.43 SD, CV = 0.38) and antlerless deer (county units 0.71 SD, CV = 0.44; WMUs 0.84 SD, CV = 0.45). We found no support for the assumption that larger management units resulted in greater spatial variation in deer harvest density. © 2019 The Wildlife Society.
Kinetochores, cohesin, and DNA breaks: Controlling meiotic recombination within pericentromeres
Authors: Kuhl Lisa‐Marie , Vader Gerben 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn meiosis, DNA break formation and repair are essential for the formation of crossovers between homologous chromosomes. Without crossover formation, faithful meiotic chromosome segregation and sexual reproduction cannot occur. Crossover formation is initiated by the programmed, meiosis‐specific introduction of numerous DNA double‐strand breaks, after which specific repair pathways promote recombination between homologous chromosomes. Despite its crucial nature, meiotic recombination is fraud with danger: When positioned or repaired inappropriately, DNA breaks can have catastrophic consequences on genome stability of the resulting gametes. As such, DNA break formation and repair needs to be carefully controlled. Within centromeres and surrounding regions (i.e., pericentromeres), meiotic crossover recombination is repressed in organisms ranging from yeast to humans, and a failure to do so is implicated in chromosome missegregation and developmental aneuploidy. (Peri)centromere sequence identity and organization diverge considerably across eukaryotes, yet suppression of meiotic DNA break formation and repair appear universal. Here, we discuss emerging work that has used budding and fission yeast systems to study the mechanisms underlying pericentromeric suppression of DNA break formation and repair. We particularly highlight a role for the kinetochore, a universally conserved, centromere‐associated structure essential for chromosome segregation, in suppressing (peri)centromeric DNA break formation and repair. We discuss the current understanding of kinetochore‐associated and chromosomal factors involved in this regulation and suggest future avenues of research.
Light cone bootstrap in general 2D CFTs and entanglement from light cone singularity
Authors: Kusuki Yuya 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The light cone OPE limit provides a significant amount of information regarding the conformal field theory (CFT), like the high-low temperature limit of the partition function. We started with the light cone bootstrap in the general CFT 2 with c > 1. For this purpose, we needed an explicit asymptotic form of the Virasoro conformal blocks in the limit z → 1, which was unknown until now. In this study, we computed it in general by studying the pole structure of the fusion matrix (or the crossing kernel). Applying this result to the light cone bootstrap, we obtained the universal total twist (or equivalently, the universal binding energy) of two particles at a large angular momentum. In particular, we found that the total twist is saturated by the value

$$ \frac{c-1}{12} $$

c
−
1

12

if the total Liouville momentum exceeds beyond the BTZ threshold. This might be interpreted as a black hole formation in AdS3.
As another application of our light cone singularity, we studied the dynamics of entanglement after a global quench and found a Renyi phase transition as the replica number was varied. We also investigated the dynamics of the 2nd Renyi entropy after a local quench.
We also provide a universal form of the Regge limit of the Virasoro conformal blocks from the analysis of the light cone singularity. This Regge limit is related to the general n-th Renyi entropy after a local quench and out of time ordered correlators.
Multiloop soft theorem for gravitons and dilatons in the bosonic string
Authors: Di Vecchia Paolo , Marotta Raffaele , Mojaza Matin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe construct, in the closed bosonic string, the multiloop amplitude involvingNtachyons and one massless particle with 26 −Dcompactified directions, and we show that at least forD> 4, the soft behaviors of the graviton and dilaton satisfy the same soft theorems as at the tree level, up to one additional term at the subsubleading order, which can only contribute to the dilaton soft behavior and which we show is zero at least at one loop. This is possible, since the infrared divergences due to the non-vanishing tachyon and dilaton tadpoles do not depend on the number of external particles and are therefore the same both in the amplitude with the soft particle and in the amplitude without the soft particle. Therefore this leaves unchanged the soft operator acting on the amplitude without the soft particle. The additional infrared divergence appearing forD≤ 4 depend on the number of external legs and must be understood on their own.
New Evidence of Skin Color Bias and Health Outcomes Using Sibling Difference Models: A Research Note
Authors: Laidley Thomas , Domingue Benjamin , Sinsub Piyapat , Harris Kathleen Mullan , Conley Dalton 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this research note, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to determine whether darker skin tone predicts hypertension among siblings using a family fixed-effects analytic strategy. We find that even after we account for common family background and home environment, body mass index, age, sex, and outdoor activity, darker skin color significantly predicts hypertension incidence among siblings. In a supplementary analysis using newly released genetic data from Add Health, we find no evidence that our results are biased by genetic pleiotropy, whereby differences in alleles among siblings relate to coloration and directly to cardiovascular health simultaneously. These results add to the extant evidence on color biases that are distinct from those based on race alone and that will likely only heighten in importance in an increasingly multiracial environment as categorization becomes more complex.
Female Sexual Dysfunction Among Greek Women With Multiple Sclerosis: Correlations With Organic and Psychological Factors
Authors: Konstantinidis Charalampos , Tzitzika Moira , Bantis Athanasios , Nikolia Archontia , Samarinas Michalis , Kratiras Zisis , Thomas Charalampos , Skriapas Konstantinos 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIntroductionMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative neurological disease that usually occurs between the ages of 20 and 50 years. Sexuality issues are important factors that affect the quality of life of patients.AimTo determine and evaluate the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in Greek women with MS and correlate it with organic and psychological factors.Methods248 consecutive women with MS, aged over 18 who admitted to our outpatient clinics from February 2016 to March 2017 were included in the study. Demographics (age, marital status, menopause status, number of children) and disease-related data such as the duration of the disease, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and medication for MS obtained.Main Outcome MeasureAll participants completed the Greek validated versions of the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Female Sexual Function Inventory (FSFI) questionnaires. Statistics used to estimate the prevalence of FSD and its correlation with organic (age, EDSS, duration of the disease, menopause status) and psychological factors (depression, anxiety, stress).ResultsFSD was diagnosed in 64.5% of our sample. Age was associated with most subscales of the FSFI. There was no significant correlation in FSFI subscales with the disease duration. Correlation of EDSS and FSFI scores was found to be statistically significant with a negative correlation in all subscales apart from the Satisfaction subscale. Regarding the association between DASS domains and FSFI subscales, there were no significant correlations.ConclusionFSD is common among Greek women; it is influenced by age, severity of disease, and it is independent of the existence of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Erectile Dysfunction in 45-Year-Old Heterosexual German Men and Associated Lifestyle Risk Factors and Comorbidities: Results from the German Male Sex Study
Authors: Hallanzy Jacqueline , Kron Martina , Goethe Veronika E. , Köhn Frank-Michael , Schmautz Maximilian , Arsov Christian , Hadaschik Boris , Imkamp Florian , Gschwend Jürgen E. , Herkommer Kathleen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common public health issue with a significant impact on quality of life. The associations between ED and several risk factors have been reported previously. The continuously increasing incidence of these factors is contributing to the increasing prevalence of ED.AimTo assess ED prevalence and severity in a representative sample of 45-year-old German men and to analyze the association with risk factors (lifestyle risk factors/comorbidities).MethodsData were collected within the German Male Sex-Study. Randomly selected 45-year-old men were invited. A total of 10,135 Caucasian, heterosexual, sexually active men were included in this analysis. The self-reported prevalence of ED was assessed using the Erectile Function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function. Risk factors for ED were ascertained using self-report questionnaires. An anamnesis interview and a short physical examination were performed.Main Outcome MeasureED prevalence and severity were evaluated in a cross-sectional design. The associations of ED with comorbidities (eg, depression, diabetes, hypertension, lower urinary tract symptoms) and lifestyle factors (ie, smoking, obesity, central obesity, physical inactivity, and poor self-perceived health-status) were analyzed by logistic regression.ResultsThe overall prevalence of ED was 25.2% (severe, 3.1%; moderate, 9.2%; mild to moderate, 4.2%; mild, 8.7%). Among the men with ED, 48.8% had moderate or severe symptoms. ED prevalence increased with the number of risk factors, to as high as 68.7% in men with 5–8 risk factors. In multiple logistic regression with backward elimination, the strongest associations with ED were found for depression (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87), poor self-perceived health status (OR = 1.72), lower urinary tract symptoms (OR = 1.68), and diabetes (OR = 1.38).ConclusionOne out of 4 men already had symptoms of ED at age 45. Almost one-half of the men with ED had moderate to severe symptoms. ED was strongly associated with each analyzed risk factor, and the prevalence and severity of ED increased with an increasing number of risk factors.
Discovery of Novel Androgen Receptor Ligands by Structure-Based Virtual Screening and Bioassays
Authors: Zhou Wenfang , Duan Mojie , Fu Weitao , Pang Jinping , Tang Qin , Sun Huiyong , Xu Lei , Chang Shan , Li Dan , Hou Tingjun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of many severe diseases such as prostate cancer, muscle atrophy, and osteoporosis. Binding of ligands to AR triggers the conformational changes in AR that may affect the recruitment of coactivators and downstream response of AR signaling pathway. Therefore, AR ligands have great potential to treat these diseases. In this study, we searched for novel AR ligands by performing a docking-based virtual screening (VS) on the basis of the crystal structure of the AR ligand binding domain (LBD) in complex with its agonist. A total of 58 structurally diverse compounds were selected and subjected to LBD affinity assay, with five of them (HBP1-3, HBP1-17, HBP1-38, HBP1-51, and HBP1-58) exhibiting strong binding to AR-LBD. The IC50 values of HBP1-51 and HBP1-58 are 3.96 µM and 4.92 µM, respectively, which are even lower than that of enzalutamide (Enz, IC50 = 13.87 µM), a marketed second-generation AR antagonist. Further bioactivity assays suggest that HBP1-51 is an AR agonist, whereas HBP1-58 is an AR antagonist. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and principal components analysis (PCA) were carried out to reveal the binding principle of the newly-identified AR ligands toward AR. Our modeling results indicate that the conformational changes of helix 12 induced by the bindings of antagonist and agonist are visibly different. In summary, the current study provides a highly efficient way to discover novel AR ligands, which could serve as the starting point for development of new therapeutics for AR-related diseases.
Spoken word processing in Rett syndrome: Evidence from event‐related potentials
Authors: Key Alexandra P. , Jones Dorita , Peters Sarika 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study examined the feasibility of using auditory event‐related potentials to evaluate spoken word processing during passive listening in girls with Rett syndrome (n = 11) and typical peers (n = 33), age 4–12 years. The typical group demonstrated the expected pattern of more negative amplitudes within 200–500 ms in response to words than nonwords at left temporal sites. In participants with Rett syndrome, word‐nonword differentiation was observed at the right temporal sites. More negative left hemisphere amplitudes in response to words were associated (at trend level) with better receptive language skills and more adaptive behavior. The results indicate that girls with Rett syndrome differentiate known words from novel nonwords, but may do so using potentially atypical neural processes. Brain‐behavior correlations support validity of the proposed neural markers of word processing, making passive listening paradigms a promising approach for assessing speech and language processing in participants with limited spoken language skills.
The placenta as a window to the brain: A review on the role of placental markers in prenatal programming of neurodevelopment
Authors: Shallie Philemon Dauda , Naicker Thajasvarie 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuring development, the placenta can be said to be the most important organ, however, the most poorly researched. There is currently a broader understanding of how specific insults during development affect the fetal brain, and also the importance of placental signaling in neurodevelopmental programming. Epigenetic responses to maternal and fetal signals are an obvious candidate for transforming early life inputs into long‐term programmatic outcomes. As a mediator of maternal and environmental signals to the developing fetus, epigenetic processes within the placenta are particularly powerful such that alterations of placental gene expression, downstream function, and signalling during foetal development have the potential for dramatic changes in developmental programming.SummaryIn this article, we reviewed emerging evidence for a placental role in prenatal neurodevelopmental programming with a specific focus on nutrient and prenatal stress signals integration into chromatin changes; this new understanding, we hope will provide the means for lowering developmentally based disorder risk, and new therapeutic targets for treatment in adulthood.Key messagesBased on this review, the placenta is a potent micro‐environmental player in neurodevelopment as it orchestrates a series of complex maternal–foetal interactions. Maternal insults to this microenvironment will impair these processes and disrupt foetal brain development resulting in the prenatal programming of neurodevelopmental disorders. These findings should inspire advance animal model and human research drive to appraise gene–environment impacts during pregnancy that will target the developmental cause of adult‐onset mental disorders.
Exosomes populate the cerebrospinal fluid of preterm infants with post‐haemorrhagic hydrocephalus
Authors: Spaull Robert , McPherson Bryony , Gialeli Andriana , Clayton Aled , Uney James , Heep Axel , Cordero‐Llana Óscar 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundPreterm infants are at risk of germinal matrix haemorrhage‐intraventricular haemorrhage (GMH‐IVH) which leads to post‐haemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) in 30% of infants; this is associated with moderate‐severe neurodevelopmental impairment and confers significant risk of cerebral palsy. There are however no predictive indicators of the severity or long‐term outcome after GMH‐IVH. In recent years, endosome‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) or exosomes have been isolated from biofluids and shown to mediate intercellular communication via selective enrichment in proteins and micro‐RNAs.MethodsThis study aimed to isolate and characterise EVs from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 3 preterm infants with PHH using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with immunogold protein labelling, and micro‐RNA analysis.ResultsNTA of unaltered CSF revealed a heterogeneous and dynamic population of EVs. Exosomal‐sized EVs were isolated by differential ultracentrifugation and TEM confirmed the presence of CD63+ and CD81+ exosomes. The micro‐RNAs miR‐9, miR‐17, miR‐26a, miR‐124 and miR‐1911 were detected within the exosome‐enriched fraction and profiled over time.ConclusionThis is the first reported characterisation of exosomes from the CSF of preterm infants with post‐haemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
Sexual Health Problems and Discussion in Colorectal Cancer Patients Two Years After Diagnosis: A National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Almont T. , Bouhnik A.-D. , Ben Charif A. , Bendiane M.-K. , Couteau C. , Manceau C. , Mancini J. , Huyghe É. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is accompanied by specific treatment-related physical (ostomy, incontinence) and psychosexual (body image, depression) consequences on sexual health.

Aim
To assess sexual health of patients with CRC 2 years after diagnosis.

Methods
We selected all patients with CRC from a French nationwide longitudinal study. Data sources included patient questionnaires, medical questionnaires, and medico-administrative databases.

Main Outcome Measure
We evaluated sexual health using the Relationship and Sexuality Scale and assessed self-reported rates of discussion about sexuality with health care providers.

Results
Across the 487 patients, 258 were men and 229 were women; 77% were diagnosed with colon cancer and 23% with rectal cancer. Overall, 54% of patients reported a decrease in sexual desire, 61% a decrease in frequency of intercourse, and 48% a decrease in the possibility to reach an orgasm. Patients still experiencing fecal incontinence 2 years after diagnosis had decreases in all sexual desire, intercourse, orgasm, and satisfaction Relationship and Sexuality Scale items. Patients with rectal cancer had significantly more frequent troubles with desire and orgasm than did patients with colon cancer (P = .003 and P = .014, respectively). Regarding the discussion about sexuality, only 20% of men, 11% of women, 11% of patients with colon cancer, and 33% of patients with rectal cancer recalled having discussed sexuality with the medical team. Factors independently increasing the chance to have discussed sexuality with the medical team were younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 2.77 [1.31; 5.84]; P = .007), having an ostomy (OR = 2.93 [1.27; 6.73]; P = .011), and radiotherapy (OR = 2.78 [1.23; 6.27]; P = .014).

Clinical Implications
These results highlight the need for developing interventions to improve information delivery at cancer announcement and for managing sexual troubles during survivorship in patients with CRC, particularly those experiencing fecal incontinence.

Strength & Limitations
Strengths are the sample size and the national representation using the data of a large-scale nation-wide survey, with the possibility of comparing colon and rectal cancers. Limitations are the assessment of sexuality 2 years after diagnosis and using only self-reported measures.

Conclusion
This study highlights the lack of discussion about sexuality with the oncology team and the need for specific sexual rehabilitation interventions, especially for patients with rectal cancer and fecal incontinence. Developing these aspects may help patients with CRC improve their sexual prognosis.