bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FPGA Implementation of Compact Architecture for Lightweight Hash Algorithm for Resource Constrained Devices
Authors: Preeti R. Lawhale  
Published: November 2024

The security implications of the emerging world of smart devices brought about by the Internet of things' recent rise are enormous. IoT devices typically have restricted resources, such as minimal memory, low processing power, and a short battery life, in addition to their stated security level. In the context of IoT, lightweight cryptographic primitives are presented taking into account the trade-off between speed and security assurance. In this research, we proposed lightweight cryptographic hash methods and optimized hardware for devices with limitations. The size, speed, efficiency, and power consumption of our suggested solutions are examined on FPGA systems. Bit permutation, linear transformation, and S-Box functionality are used in the suggested design. To analyze large data sets and Internet of Things applications, conventional hash algorithms need memory and time. Thus, the demand arises for a lightweight cryptographic protocol that is both rapid and safe. This technique offers the necessary security criteria of conventional hash functions and the parameters for lightweight cryptographic protocols. The proposed architecture is tested and validated based on three key criteria: memory, speed, and power consumption, which are important factors in determining its lightweight nature. Based on the findings, the proposed architecture outperforms other lightweight protocols regarding memory usage, performance, and power consumption. For an appropriate FPGA-based application deployment, a thorough comparison of our suggested designs is detailed on various FPGA families.
Analysis of Graph Inverses and Algebraic Connectivity in a Systematic Way
Authors: R. Stella Maragatham  
Published: November 2024

an exhaustive and methodical study of algebraic connectedness and graph inverses. In many contexts, graph theory plays a crucial role, particularly when understanding intricate systems. This paper delves into the fundamental concepts of graph inverses and explains their significance for network analysis and connectivity evaluation. The Laplacian lattice's second-smallest eigenvalue, or algebraic connectivity µN−1, plays a crucial role in some features like network heartiness, synchronisation security, and diffusion processes. In this study, we focus on the algebraic connectedness in the network-of-networks (NoN), which is the general context of linked networks. A key component of science is the graph hypothesis. Algebraic graph hypothesis refers to the use of algebraic techniques to graph problems. This article concludes a focus on algebraic graph hypothesis and presents and examines a different algebraic and mathematical variety idea to regard as the greatest matching of an undirected graph.
Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter Design with Low Voltage Stress and Optimized Control Model
Authors: Vijayalaxmi Biradar  
Published: November 2024

The research explicitly examines the power control of a single-phase renewable energy sources battery energy storage system (RES-BESS)mixed-distributing network designed for domestic usage. The system utilizes a cascaded H-bridge (CHB) conversion architecture as its grid connection. The CHB uses a hierarchical power management design consisting of a single centralized regulator for the top layer and several dispersed regulators for the bottom layer. The higher stratum produces the reference signals that need to be monitored. Under optimal circumstances, the CHB should operate efficiently with all solar panels at their Maximum Power Point (MPP) and with an electrical factor of 1. However, several functional limitations prevent this from always being feasible, such as limits related to voltage and current, biased shadowing, and State of Charge (SOC) incompatibilities. Hence, a novel optimization technique is introduced to take into account these impacts directly and calculate a collection of reference parameters to be monitored. This approach aims to maximize the long-term viability of the structure while ensuring compliance with the given limitations. The optimization method in this structure incorporates many functional needs, prioritizing them based on the specific operating circumstances. The decentralized management layer utilizes traditional feedback-controlling methods to monitor the best referencing. Experimental findings are conducted to verify the best method under normal conditions for operation and evaluate the efficacy of the suggested CHB arrangement with the complete control technique.
A Multi-Objective Energy Optimization Model for Renewable Energy Systems with Hybrid Energy Storage
Authors: Shailesh Madhavrao Deshmukh  
Published: November 2024

Building a Renewable Energy System (RES) is a viable way to address resource depletion and accomplish decarbonization. This study presents a hybrid power system that combines wind, solar, battery, and thermal energy storage. It also examines the co-optimization of scheduling and operation for multiple objectives. The hybrid system combines the affordability of thermal energy storage (TES) with the adaptability of batteries to effectively address the issue of intermittent RES. A new approach for integrated operation is offered, which relies on the electrical block's operation limit. The planning-operation co-optimization system considers minimizing the Net Present Cost (NPC) and reducing power supply likelihood todetermine the best operation limit and sizing decision factors. The co-optimization issue is addressed using novel multi-objective decision-making (MO-DM). This approach incorporates the Decision-Maker (DM) preferences data to direct the evolutionary process toward the desired area. In addition, a data-driven prediction model captures the risks and losses associated with wind generation. The case study's findings indicate the following: (1) The data-driven system has a higher level of precision in wind power projection when compared with commonly used physical simulations. (2) The suggested MO-DM exhibits superior integration, variety, and robustness achievement in the DMchosen area compared to others. (3) The combined battery-thermal energy storing structure achieves improved economy and dependability through the optimum organized operation approach, in contrast to using a single energy storage system under various testing constraints.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment in Cybersecurity: Bayesian Methods for Quantifying and Mitigating Cyber Risks
Authors: Fulsundar Amita Purushottam  
Published: November 2024

In today's digital world, where everything is linked, privacy dangers are a big problem for businesses, states, and people. When it comes to cybersecurity, traditional ways of assessing risk don't always work because online threats are always changing. By combining statistical models with existing data and expert knowledge, Bayesian methods, on the other hand, look like a potential way to measure and reduce online risks. This essay looks at how Bayesian methods can be used in probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) in the field of hacking. Bayesian reasoning is used by PRA to get a fuller picture of cyber risks by taking into account doubt, variation, and personal opinions during the risk assessment process. By using likelihood functions, posterior distributions, and prior probabilities, Bayesian methods give us a sensible way to update risk predictions as new information comes in. One of the best things about Bayesian PRA is that it can take into account how different online risks and weaknesses are connected and depend on each other. By using statistical modeling to look at these connections, businesses can find possible chain reactions and decide how to best stop them. Additionally, Bayesian methods let you use expert opinions and personal data, which makes it possible to look at online risks in a more complete way than just using numbers. One of Bayesian PRA's strengths is that it can work with little data and unknown input values. When there isn't enough or a lot of good actual data, Bayesian methods let analysts combine information from different sources, like past data, threat intelligence, and expert opinions, in a planned way to get more accurate risk predictions. Bayesian methods can be used to make decisions about how to reduce security risks as well as how to measure those risks. In a probabilistic framework, organizations can figure out the best ways to lower their general cyber risk exposure by modeling the possible results of different mitigating measures. Overall, this study shows how Bayesian methods could help the area of computer risk assessment grow. By accepting doubt and using a variety of information sources, Bayesian PRA provides a powerful set of tools for measuring cyber risks and helping risk managers make decisions in a danger situation that is becoming more complicated.
An Experimental Investigation of Surface Roughness And Cutting Forces On GFRP
Authors: Asmita A. Bagade  
Published: November 2024

In the current study, the emphasis was on finding experimental results on machinability of Glass fibre reinforced plastic composite with milling machine. Study is carried out with objectives of examination of cutting parameter on GFRP materials. Speed , feed, depth of cut & number of flute are consider for analyzing effect on surface finish & cutting forces of composites. Design of experiment is carry out by Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array. To find out more about the machining parameters on GFRP composite using end mill of cemented carbide, an analysis of variances (ANOVA) utilizing Minitab 15 software was finally carried out.
Data-Driven Prediction of Nitrogen Stress and Crop Yield in a Maize -Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Halley Okasa  
Published: November 2024

The study has attempted to determine leaf-N content in a cropping system consisting of Wheat and Maize using plant sensors like GreenSeeker and SPAD meter (chlorophyll meter) and use machine learning models so that crop yields based on inputs can be predicted of data on nitrogen doses, NDVI values, SPAD values, and leaf N content. The data recorded from field experiments on wheat and maize crop variable fertilized by N (wheat: 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 240 kg N/ha; maize: 40, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240 and 300 kg N/ha) were used. A pair plot analysis showed a positive association between leaf N and NDVI, between leaf N and SPAD values, and between NDVI and SPAD values; all these parameters had a positive correlation with N- application rates. For yield prediction, the model calibrated for wheat could validate yield prediction for maize as well. Random Forest and Support Vector Machines showed reproducible performance (consistent) on both datasets (maize and wheat), with accuracies of 85.71% and 100%, respectively, on the original dataset.
Effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy in complex surgical treatment of necrotizing fasciitis of the upper limb
Authors: Lipatov Konstantin V , Asatryan Arthur , Melkonyan George , Kazantcev Aleksandr D , Solov’eva Ekaterina I , Krivikhin Denis V , Gorbacheva Irina V , Cherkasov Urii E 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) of the upper extremities is a severe surgical pathology, and the incidence of this disease has been steadily increasing in recent decades. Surgical treatment is accompanied by the formation of extensive wounds, which can be treated with significant difficulties. In recent years, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has proven to be highly effective. It is also promising for the treatment of NF.
AIM
To explore the effectiveness of NPWT in the treatment of NF of the upper extremities.
METHODS
The results of the treatment of 36 patients with NF of the upper extremities in two groups (NPWT group and control group; 2022−2023) were retrospectively analyzed. In the NPWT group, the NPWT method (120 mmHg; constant mode) was used after surgical treatment. The number of vacuum-assisted dressings in patients ranged from 1 to 3, depending on the dynamics of the wound process. The duration of fixation of one bandage was up to 2−3 d. In the control group, conventional methods of local wound treatment were used. The following indicators were analyzed: The treatment delay, the prevalence of inflammation, the microbial landscape, the number of debridements, the duration of wound preparation for surgical closure, and the nature of skin plastic surgery.
RESULTS
Most patients experienced a significant treatment delay [4 d, interquartile range (IQR): 2–7 d], which led to the spread of the pathological process to the forearm and shoulder. The most common pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus (14; 38.9%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (22; 61.1%). The average number of debridements per patient was 5 (IQR: 3–7), with no difference between groups. The average time to prepare wounds for surgical closure was 11 ± 4 d in the NPWT group and 29 ± 10 d (P = 0.00001) in the control group. In the NPWT group, the wounds were more often closed with local tissues (15; 83.3%), and in the control group, split-thickness skin grafts were more often used (4; 50%).
CONCLUSION
The predominant isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and/or Streptococcus pyogenes from the lesions allowed us to classify these patients as NF type II. Multiple debridement procedures have become a feature of this disease treatment. The use of NPWT has significantly reduced the time required to prepare wounds for surgical closure. Early closure of wounds allows for more frequent use of local tissue repair, which ensures better results. NPWT is a highly effective way to prepare wounds for early surgical closure in patients with upper extremity NF.
Presentation and management outcome of foot drop with tibialis posterior tendon transfer
Authors: Saaiq Muhammad 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Foot drop causes considerable disability. The ankle-dorsiflexion is either weak or lost completely. Additionally, the ankle eversion and toe extensions are also impaired. This results in a high steppage gait while walking. Overall, the gait is awkward; there is greater energy consumption; increased proneness to sustain injury of the forefoot; and more frequent falling during walking.
AIM
To document the clinical and epidemiological profile of foot drop patients in our population and evaluate the outcome of tibialis posterior (TP) tendon transfer for restoring the lost dorsiflexion in foot drop.
METHODS
The study was carried out at the National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine in Islamabad over a period of 7 years. It included patients of all sexes and ages who presented with foot drop and had no contraindications for the procedure of TP tendon transfer. Exclusion criteria were patients who had contraindications for the operation. For instance, paralyzed posterior leg compartment muscles, Achilles tendon contracture, stiff ankle or toes, unstable ankle joint, weak gastrocnemius and scarred skin spanning over the route of planned tendon transfer. Also, patients who had the foot drop as a result of disc prolapses or brain diseases were excluded. Convenience sampling technique was used. The circum-tibial route of TP tendon transfer was employed.
RESULTS
Out of 37 patients, 26 (70.27%) were males whereas 11 (29.72%) were females. The mean age was 22.59 ± 8.19 years. Among the underlying causes of foot drop, road traffic accidents constituted the most common cause, found among 20 (54.05%) patients. The share of complications included wound infections in 3 (8.10%) patients and hypertrophic scars in 2 (5.40%) patients. At 1-year postoperative follow-up visits, the outcome was excellent in 8 (21.62%), good in 20 (54.05%) and moderate in 9 (24.31%).
CONCLUSION
The majority of cases of foot drop resulted from road traffic accidents that directly involved the common peroneal nerve. TP tendon transfer through the circumtibial route was found to be an easily executed effective operation which restored good dorsiflexion of the ankle among the majority of patients.
Impacts of mesenchymal stem cells and hyaluronic acid on inflammatory indicators and antioxidant defense in experimental ankle osteoarthritis
Authors: Hagag Usama Ismaeil , Halfaya Fatma Mohamed , Al-Muzafar Hessah Mohammed , Al-Jameel Suhailah Saud , Amin Kamal Adel , Abou El-Kheir Wael , Mahdi Emad A , Hassan Gamal Abdel-Nasser Ragab , Ahmed Osama Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
No effective treatment guarantees full recovery from osteoarthritis (OA), and few therapies have disadvantages.
AIM
To determine if bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and hyaluronic acid (HA) treat ankle OA in Wistar rats.
METHODS
BMMSCs were characterized using flow cytometry with detection of surface markers [cluster of differentiation 90 (CD90), CD105, CD34, and CD45]. Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of 10 rats each: Group I, saline into the right tibiotarsal joint for 2 days; Group II, monosodium iodate (MIA) into the same joint; Groups III, MIA + BMMSCs; Group IV, MIA + HA; and Group V, MIA + BMMSCs + HA. BMMSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat), HA (75 µg/rat), and BMMSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat) alongside HA (75 µg/rat) were injected intra-articularly into the tibiotarsal joint of the right hind leg at the end of weeks 2, 3, and 4 after the MIA injection.
RESULTS
The elevated right hind leg circumference values in the paw and arthritis clinical score of osteoarthritic rats were significantly ameliorated at weeks 4, 5, and 6. Lipid peroxide significantly increased in the serum of osteoarthritic rats, whereas reduced serum glutathione and glutathione transferase levels were decreased. BMMSCs and HA significantly improved OA. The significantly elevated ankle matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) mRNA and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) protein expression, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) serum levels in osteoarthritic rats were significantly downregulated by BMMSCs and HA. The effects of BMMSCs and HA on serum TNF-α and IL-17 were more potent than their combination. The lowered serum IL-4 levels in osteoarthritic rats were significantly upregulated by BMMSCs and HA. Additionally, BMMSCs and HA caused a steady decrease in joint injury and cartilage degradation.
CONCLUSION
BMMSCs and/or HA have anti-arthritic effects mediated by antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on MIA-induced OA. MMP-13 and TGF-β1 expression improves BMMSCs and/or HA effects on OA in Wistar rats.
Gene expression analysis of cytokines and MMPs in melatonin and rhBMP-2 enhanced bone remodeling
Authors: Paulini Marina Ribeiro , Montarele Letícia Ferreira , Pitol Dimitrius Leonardo , Giannocco Gisele , Pereira Bruno Fiorelini , Buchaim Daniela Vieira , Reis Carlos Henrique Bertoni , Buchaim Rogério Leone , Mardegan Issa Joao Paulo 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
In the medical and dental fields, there is a need for studies of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of bone defects that cause extensive bone loss. Melatonin may be an important endogenous biological factor for bone remodeling, and growth factors may enhance the repair process.
AIM
To evaluate the gene expression of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α), markers of osteoclastogenesis (RANK, RANKL and OPG) and MMPs (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 and MMP-13) from the treatment of melatonin associated with an osteogenic membrane and rhBMP-2 on the recovery of a bone injury.
METHODS
Sixty-four rats were used and divided into 9 experimental groups and were formed according to the treatment carried out in the region of the bone lesion, which varied between the combination of 1, 10 and 100 μmol/L of melatonin. Gene Expression analysis was performed using real time-PCR by reading the concentration of total RNA and reverse transcription.
RESULTS
There were differences between groups when compared with clot or scaffold control, and improvement with a higher concentration of melatonin or rhBMP-2. The combination melatonin (1 µg) with 5 μg of rhBMP-2, using the guided bone regeneration technique, demonstrated some effects, albeit mild, on bone repair of critical bone defects.
CONCLUSION
This indicates that the approach for administering these substances needs to be reassessed, with the goal of ensuring their direct application to the affected area. Therefore, future research must be carried out, seeking to produce materials with these ideal characteristics.
Ilizarov technique for treatment of a giant aneurysmal bone cyst at the distal femur: A case report
Authors: Long Xing-Yu , Sun Feng , Wang Tao , Li Ping , Tian Zhong , Wu Xian-Wei 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign cystic of unknown etiology, characterized by multiple chambers and a high recurrence rate. Current treatment options include vascular embolization, surgical excision, curettage with cavity filling, sclerosing agent injection into the cavity, radiotherapy, and systemic drug therapy. Among these, surgical excision and curettage are the preferred treatment modalities. However, when the cyst reaches a large size, extensive removal of diseased tissue during surgery can hinder bone healing. In our department, we treated a case of a large ABC at the distal end of the femur in a child using the Ilizarov technique. The tumor was completely excised, and reconstruction was achieved through autologous femoral bone transfer. The follow-up at two years post-surgery indicated good results without tumor recurrence, and the growth and development of the child were essentially unaffected.
CASE SUMMARY
An 11-year-old boy was presented with an accidental fracture of his right leg. Despite having been examined at other hospitals, he had not received treatment. Given the potential for significant bone defects and the difficulty of the surgery, our doctors opted to use the Ilizarov technique to minimize harm to the patient. Upon admission, the patient underwent a needle biopsy and complete tumor resection-the Ilizarov technique assisted in the transport and reconstruction of the autologous femoral bone. Postoperatively, the patient exhibited regular follow-ups, during which bone transport was gradually performed, and the external fixation frame was removed on time. Follow-up X-rays of the right lower limb displayed no tumor recurrence, with a normal appearance. Bone formation at the cutting site was satisfactory, and the union of the bone ends indicated good healing. After two years of follow-up, the patient had essentially returned to normal.
CONCLUSION
We successfully applied the Ilizarov technique to treat ABC, reducing the financial burden of patients and the pain of multiple surgeries. In cases where significant bone defects occur, the Ilizarov technique has demonstrated satisfactory therapeutic outcomes.