bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐injury use of opioid analgesics in patients with traumatic injury: A registry‐based study
Authors: Torp Henrik A. , Skurtveit Svetlana O. , Gustavsen Ingebjørg , Gran Jon M. , Rosseland Leiv A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundOpioid analgesics are commonly used to treat acute and chronic pain following traumatic injury. Psychiatric comorbidity has been reported to be associated with increased pain and persistent opioid use. Our aims were to determine the extent of post‐injury opioid use and assess whether pre‐injury antidepressant, benzodiazepine, and z‐hypnotic drug use is associated with increased post‐injury opioid use.MethodsData on trauma patients aged 15 years and older included in the Oslo University Hospital Trauma Registry between 2005 and 2014 was linked to data from the Norwegian Prescription Database. We identified opioid dispensing within the first 90 and 365 days following trauma and determined subsequent persistent use. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to examine associations between pre‐ and post‐injury drug use.Results3912 of 11,057 patients (35.4%) had opioids dispensed within 90 days after trauma, and 4644 (42.0%) within 365 days. Among 9800 previously opioid‐naïve, the proportions were 33.0% and 39.0%, respectively. One year after the first post‐injury opioid dispensing, 9.6% of all opioid users and 4.5% of new users were defined as persistent users. Pre‐injury benzodiazepine use and z‐hypnotic use was associated with new persistent opioid use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.47–3.45, and aOR 2.04; 95% CI 1.33–3.13, respectively), whereas pre‐injury antidepressant use was not (aOR 1.49; 95% CI 0.97–2.30).ConclusionsOpioid use after trauma is widespread. Development of persistent use is limited, particularly in previously opioid‐naïve patients. Pre‐injury benzodiazepine or z‐hypnotic use seem to increase odds of new persistent use.Significance statementThis large registry‐based study adds to the body of knowledge on opioid use beyond in‐hospital care in patients having sustained traumatic injury, a field which is scarcely investigated and not yet fully understood. It suggests that both previous drug therapy and the nature of opioid treatment initiation may affect outcome. This will help guide clinicians in selecting the appropriate pain management in this patient group.
The effect of stretching intensity on pain sensitivity: A randomized crossover study on healthy adults
Authors: Støve Morten Pallisgaard , Hansen Line Ørum , Elmbæk Kristian Kloppenborg , Magnusson Stig Peter , Thomsen Janus Laust , Riis Allan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundStretching exercises have effects on local and widespread pain sensitivity. A dose–response relationship may exist between the analgesic effect and the intensity of stretching, such that a higher intensity of stretching may generate a larger reduction in analgesic response, but this remains to be studied. This study aimed to examine the dose–response relationship between stretching intensity and the analgesic effect.MethodsA randomized, repeated‐measures crossover study was performed to examine the effect of stretching to the first point of pain onset and stretching to the point of a sensation of stretching (discomfort). The primary outcome was regional and distant pressure pain thresholds.ResultsThirty‐one participants (n = 24 female) were available for analysis. We observed a 22.2% increase in regional pressure pain thresholds (93.2 kPa, p = 0.001) and a 15.0% increase in distant pressure pain thresholds (50.9 kPa, p = 0.012) following stretching to the point of stretch. We observed a 20.0% increase in regional pressure pain thresholds (90.3 kPa, p = 0.001) and a 15.1% increase in distant pressure pain thresholds (52.1 kPa, p = 0.004) following stretching to the point of pain.ConclusionsThe results showed that local and widespread pain sensitivity decreased following acute stretching, regardless of stretching intensity. No differences in pain sensitivity were found between stretching to the point of stretch or stretching to the first onset of pain. Thus, the results showed no evidence of a dose–response relationship between stretching intensity and the analgesic effect.SignificanceThe study showed a significant acute hypoalgesic effect of stretching exercises regardless of stretching intensity. This may have appropriate clinical implications for patients with musculoskeletal and nociplastic pain.
Intergroup Conflict Over Climate Change: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. , Fielding Kelly S. , Marshall George , Louis Winnifred R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGlobal progress in combatting climate change is being slowed by intergroup conflict and tribalism. Addressing the intergroup tensions of today is a pre‐requisite for avoiding violent intergroup tensions in the future, tensions that may threaten societal structures we currently take for granted. This paper highlights five sources of intergroup conflict that compromise humans’ ability to effectively and swiftly respond to climate change: political tribalism, populist suspicion of elites, regional differences within nations, international conflicts, and tensions between and within activist identities. We then draw on established and emerging social psychological theorising to describe five strategies for constructively managing this intergroup conflict: maintaining climate justice, reducing disinformation and silencing bad‐faith actors, maintaining cohesion among progressive forces, focusing on trusted messengers, and empathic communication. Throughout we underscore the extent to which policy making and strategic communication can play roles in depolarising debate about climate change.
Impact of the socioeconomic crisis in Lebanon on people with epilepsy
Authors: Samaha Joseph N. , Dagher Jim B. , Abou Khaled Karine J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe economic crisis in Lebanon, which began in 2019, has affected the healthcare system and patients' incomes. The aim of this study was to analyze the obstacles faced by people with epilepsy (PWE) during this crisis and to assess its impact on their quality of life.MethodsThe method used was a cross‐sectional study conducted among PWE aged 18–65 years, who were asked to complete a comprehensive questionnaire covering sociodemographic aspects, clinical aspects, the impact of the economic crisis, and the QOLIE‐31 (version 1.0), validated in English and Arabic, which assesses the quality of life of PWE.Results71 patients were included in the study with an average age of 35.2 years [23.5; 62.5] (53.5% were males). Their average QOLIE‐31 score was 50.3 (+/− 17.9). A significant proportion (71%) of patients reported difficulties during the crisis, with 25% reporting having had seizure‐related injuries in the years 2022–2023 and 36.6% reporting an increase in seizure frequency compared to that prior to 2020.Moreover, many patients had to change (33.8%) or discontinue (18.3%) antiseizure medications, due to drug shortages, rising costs, and high gas prices. To mitigate these challenges, patients sought solutions such as obtaining medications from abroad (34%) or through donations (8%) or purchasing from the black market (8%).Low quality of life was associated with unemployment, low education level, the presence of focal seizures with impaired awareness or generalized seizures, polytherapy, seizure‐related injuries, and medication changes during the economic crisis.SignificanceThese results highlight the considerable challenges faced by PWE in Lebanon during the economic crisis, emphasizing the negative effect of the crisis on their quality of life and seizure control.Plain Language SummaryThis study analyzed the obstacles faced by 71 people with epilepsy during Lebanon's economic crisis and showed that many patients had to change (33.8%) or discontinue (18.3%) antiseizure medications, due to drug shortages, rising costs, and high gas prices. To mitigate these challenges, patients sought solutions such as obtaining medications from abroad (34%) or through donations (8%) or purchasing from the black market (8%). This affected their quality of life. In fact, low quality of life was associated with unemployment, low education level, focal seizures with impaired awareness or generalized seizures, polytherapy, seizure‐related injuries, and medication changes.
Enhancing Iron Oxide Electrocatalysis for Efficient Overall Water Splitting: A Study of Tailored Synthesis for Advanced Energy Generation and Storage
Authors: Maley Niharika , Patel Pratik , de Souza Felipe M. , Kumar Anuj , Gupta Ram K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWater splitting, a critical milestone in the development of renewable energy, allows the production of pure hydrogen and oxygen. Iron oxide (Fe2O3), a fundamental component in electrochemical water splitting for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), offers potential because of its accessibility, low cost, and environmental safety. Herein, to analyze the impact of the methodology on its properties, Fe2O3 was produced in three different ways: freeze‐drying (aerogel) (Fe2O3‐AG), hydrothermal (Fe2O3‐HT), and microwave (Fe2O3‐MW). The Fe2O3‐AG outperformed Fe2O3‐HT and Fe2O3‐MW in most properties which showed improved current and overall water‐splitting efficiency. The resulting materials demonstrated good electrocatalytic performance for both HER and OER in alkaline media, with overpotentials for HER of 204, 235, and 255 mV and overpotentials for OER of 222, 288, and 292 mV for the Fe2O3‐AG, Fe2O3‐HT, and Fe2O3‐MW samples, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The freeze‐drying synthesis process has significant potential as a feasible method for the manufacture of Fe2O3‐based electrocatalysts for water‐splitting applications. This study provides important insights into the influence of electrocatalytic and energy storage properties of Fe2O3 based on the use of different methodologies, that is, hydrothermal, microwave‐assisted, and freeze‐drying. Through that, a more assertive analysis can be made concerning changes in morphology, conductivity, exposure of active area, and electrochemical stability which are crucial for the overall performance, hence providing valuable information and considerations for possible large‐scale applications for energy generation and energy storage.
Enhancing Heat Storage Capacity: Nanoparticle and Shape Optimization for PCM Systems
Authors: Mohammed Hayder I. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPhase change material (PCM)‐based heat storage systems utilize the absorption or release of latent heat during a phase change of the storage material to store thermal energy. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of these systems is restricted by the shape and structure of their confinement, as well as the heat conductivity of the storage material. This work investigates a novel method to enhance the effectiveness of PCM systems by concurrently utilizing two techniques: the inclusion of nanoparticles and the alteration of the system's geometry. Introducing nanoparticles enhances the thermal conductivity of the storage medium while altering the shape, which improves heat transfer efficiency by adjusting the surface area available for heat exchange. RT‐35 was tested for use in latent heat thermal energy storage systems for space heating and cooling. With a melting point of 35°C, RT‐35 was chosen to moderate building temperatures by storing and releasing thermal energy for space heating and cooling. The results indicate that using nanoparticles and adjusting shape can greatly enhance the effectiveness of PCM systems. By incorporating Al2O3 nanoparticles, the melting time of the PCM was reduced by 20% compared to the pure PCM, and it is more efficient than the best case of shape modification. These findings indicate that including nanoparticles and modifying the shape are effective methods to improve the performance of heat storage devices. This technology's potential surpasses this study's limits and can be utilized in diverse applications, including solar thermal energy storage, district heating and cooling, and industrial process heat.
Unveiling Geographical Variation and Chemotypes of Cupressus torulosa Needle Essential Oil: A Novel Approach Using t‐SNE and HCA
Authors: Bhalla Piyush , Chauhan Kiran , Varshney V. K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to assess the geographical variation in the content and chemical composition of Cupressus torulosa needles essential oil across different locations in the Himalayan region of India. The methodology involved the collection of needles from 14 distinct locations, followed by hydro‐distillation using a Clevenger‐type apparatus. Qualitative analysis was conducted using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), while gas chromatography with flame ionisation detector (GC‐FID) was employed for quantitative analysis. The GC–MS analysis identified a total of 57 compounds, with oxygenated monoterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons being the dominant chemical constituents, ranging from 22.5% to 63.01% and from 10.39% to 63.95%, respectively. Terpinen‐4‐ol emerged as the major compound, with concentrations ranging from 101.2 ± 45.7 μg/mg to 393.8 ± 12.5 μg/mg across different locations, with the highest concentration observed in the Dehradun location. The application of t‐distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t‐SNE) analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed the presence of five distinct chemotypes within the essential oil, characterised by different combinations of chemical constituents. These chemotypes were identified as terpinen‐4‐ol/limonene, terpinen‐4‐ol/sabinene, terpinen‐4‐ol, terpinen‐4‐ol/umbellulone, and terpinen‐4‐ol/totarol chemotypes. This research serves as a foundational framework for future investigations aimed at harnessing the unique properties of different chemotypes for specific purposes, potentially facilitating the successful commercialization and utilisation of C. torulosa needles essential oil.
A Systematic Review on the Evidence of Misdiagnosis in Dementia and Its Impact on Accessing Dementia Care
Authors: Giebel Clarissa , Silva‐Ribeiro Wagner , Watson James , Volkmer Anna , Chirico Ilaria , Diaz Ana , Heath Bronte , Hanna Kerry , Talbot Catherine 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhilst there is a drive to increase diagnosis rates in dementia, there is a lack of attention on getting a correct and timely subtype diagnosis. For people with a rarer subtype of dementia, getting the correct diagnosis, and subsequent care, might be more difficult than for people aged 65+ presenting with the more common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease dementia. Thus, the aim of this mixed‐method systematic review was to synthesise the evidence base on misdiagnosis of dementia.MethodsMisdiagnosis in dementia was defined as either receiving an initial incorrect dementia subtype diagnosis or receiving an incorrect non‐dementia diagnosis. Post‐mortem assessments of subtype diagnosis were excluded. Nine databases were searched in June 2023, with screening of titles and abstracts and consequent full texts completed independently by two researchers. Findings were synthesised using narrative synthesis.ResultsTwenty studies were included. Studies were categorised into four themes: (i) Factors associated with delayed diagnosis or misdiagnosis; (ii) Difficulties related to the diagnostic process; (iii) Economic consequences of misdiagnosis; and (iv) Experiences of delayed diagnosis or help‐seeking. People with Lewy Body dementia or behavioural variant fronto‐temporal dementia were found to experience longer diagnosis times and often incorrect initial diagnoses. Whilst evidence is limited regarding the economic impacts, evidence from the US points towards increased economic costs of misdiagnosis.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to investigate the rates and emotional and economic impacts of misdiagnosis on people with dementia, their carers, and the health and social care system. Advancing the evidence base is crucial to reduce misdiagnosis and inform clinical practice.
Developmental patterns of inhibition and fronto‐basal‐ganglia white matter organisation in healthy children and children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Singh Mervyn , Skippen Patrick , He Jason , Thomson Phoebe , Fuelscher Ian , Caeyenberghs Karen , Anderson Vicki , Hyde Christian , Silk Timothy J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is robust evidence implicating inhibitory deficits as a fundamental behavioural phenotype in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, prior studies have not directly investigated the role in which white matter properties within the fronto‐basal‐ganglia circuit may play in the development of inhibitory control deficits in this group. Combining recent advancements in brain‐behavioural modelling, we mapped the development of stop‐signal task (SST) performance and fronto‐basal‐ganglia maturation in a longitudinal sample of children aged 9–14 with and without ADHD. In a large sample of 135 ADHD and 138 non‐ADHD children, we found that the ADHD group had poorer inhibitory control (i.e., longer stop‐signal reaction times) across age compared to non‐ADHD controls. When applying the novel parametric race model, this group effect was driven by higher within‐subject variability (sigma) and higher number of extreme responses (tau) on stop trials. The ADHD group also displayed higher within‐subject variability on correct responses to go stimuli. Moreover, we observed the ADHD group committing more task‐based failures such as responding on stop trials (trigger failures) and omissions on go trials (go failures) compared to non‐ADHD controls, suggesting the contribution of attentional lapses to poorer response inhibition performance. In contrast, longitudinal modelling of fixel‐based analysis measures revealed no significant group differences in the maturation of fronto‐basal‐ganglia fibre cross‐section in a subsample (74 ADHD and 73 non‐ADHD children). Finally, brain‐behavioural models revealed that age‐related changes in fronto‐basal‐ganglia morphology (fibre cross‐section) were significantly associated with reductions in the variability of the correct go‐trial responses (sigma.true) and skew of the stop‐trial distribution (tauS). However, this effect did not differ between ADHD and typically developing children. Overall, our findings support the growing consensus suggesting that attentional deficits subserve ADHD‐related inhibitory dysfunction. Furthermore, we show novel evidence suggesting that while children with ADHD are consistently performing worse on the SST than their non‐affected peers, they appear to have comparable rates of neurocognitive maturation across this period.
Methodological Choices Matter: A Systematic Comparison of TMS‐EEG Studies Targeting the Primary Motor Cortex
Authors: Beck Mikkel Malling , Heyl Marieke , Mejer Louise , Vinding Mikkel C. , Christiansen Lasse , Tomasevic Leo , Siebner Hartwig Roman 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) triggers time‐locked cortical activity that can be recorded with electroencephalography (EEG). Transcranial evoked potentials (TEPs) are widely used to probe brain responses to TMS. Here, we systematically reviewed 137 published experiments that studied TEPs elicited from TMS to the human primary motor cortex (M1) in healthy individuals to investigate the impact of methodological choices. We scrutinized prevalent methodological choices and assessed how consistently they were reported in published papers. We extracted amplitudes and latencies from reported TEPs and compared specific TEP peaks and components between studies using distinct methods. Reporting of methodological details was overall sufficient, but some relevant information regarding the TMS settings and the recording and preprocessing of EEG data were missing in more than 25% of the included experiments. The published TEP latencies and amplitudes confirm the “prototypical” TEP waveform following stimulation of M1, comprising distinct N15, P30, N45, P60, N100, and P180 peaks. However, variations in amplitude were evident across studies. Higher stimulation intensities were associated with overall larger TEP amplitudes. Active noise masking during TMS generally resulted in lower TEP amplitudes compared to no or passive masking but did not specifically impact those TEP peaks linked to long‐latency sensory processing. Studies implementing independent component analysis (ICA) for artifact removal generally reported lower TEP magnitudes. In summary, some aspects of reporting practices could be improved in future TEP studies to enable replication. Methodological choices, including TMS intensity and the use of noise masking or ICA, introduce systematic differences in reported TEP amplitudes. Further investigation into the significance of these and other methodological factors and their interactions is warranted.
Automated, Reproducible, and Reconfigurable Human Head Phantom for Experimental Testing of Microwave Systems for Stroke Classification
Authors: Pokorny Tomas , Drizdal Tomas , Novak Marek , Vrba Jan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMicrowave systems for prehospital stroke classification are currently being developed. In the future, these systems should enable rapid recognition of the type of stroke, shorten the time to start treatment, and thus significantly improve the prognosis of patients. In this study, we realized a realistic and reconfigurable 3D human head phantom for the development, testing, and validation of these newly developed diagnostic methods. The phantom enables automated and reproducible measurements for different positions of the stroke model. The stroke model itself is also interchangeable, so measurements can be made for different types, sizes, and shapes of strokes. Furthermore, an extensive series of measurements was performed at a frequency of 1 GHz, and an SVM classification algorithm was deployed, which successfully identified ischemic stroke in 80% of the corresponding measured data. If similar classification accuracy could be achieved in patients, it would lead to a dramatic reduction in the consequences of strokes.
In Vitro Assessment of Thermo‐Responsive Scaffold as a 3D Synthetic Matrix for CAR‐T Potency Testing Against Glioblastoma Spheroids
Authors: Lizana‐Vasquez Gaby D. , Ramasubramanian Shanmathi , Davarzani Amin , Cappabianca Dan , Saha Krishanu , Karumbaiah Lohitash , Torres‐Lugo Madeline 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has demonstrated exceptional efficacy against hematological malignancies, but notably less against solid tumors. To overcome this limitation, it is critical to investigate antitumor CAR‐T cell potency in synthetic 3D microenvironments that can simulate the physical barriers presented by solid tumors. The overall goal of this study was the preliminary assessment of a synthetic thermo‐responsive material as a substrate for in vitro co‐cultures of anti‐disialoganglioside (GD2) CAR‐T cells and patient‐derived glioblastoma (GBM) spheroids. Independent co‐culture experiments demonstrated that the encapsulation process did not adversely affect the cell cycle progression of glioma stem cells (GSCs) or CAR‐T cells. GSC spheroids grew over time within the terpolymer scaffold, when seeded in the same ratio as the suspension control. Co‐cultures of CAR‐T cells in suspension with hydrogel‐encapsulated GSC spheroids demonstrated that CAR‐T cells could migrate through the hydrogel and target the encapsulated GSC spheroids. CAR‐T cells killed approximately 80% of encapsulated GSCs, while maintaining effective CD4:CD8 T cell ratios and secreting inflammatory cytokines after interacting with GD2‐expressing GSCs. Importantly, the scaffolds also facilitated cell harvesting for downstream cellular analysis. This study demonstrated that a synthetic 3D terpolymer hydrogel can serve as an artificial scaffold to investigate cellular immunotherapeutic potency against solid tumors.