bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los precursores cognitivos tempranos de la lectura inicial: un modelo de aprendizaje en niños de 6 a 8 años
Authors: De la Calle Cabrera Ana María , Guzmán-Simón Fernando , García-Jiménez Eduardo 
Published: July 2019

Los estudios en alfabetización temprana han analizado las relaciones antecedentes entre las habilidades cognitivas en la Educación Infantil y el logro de la lectura durante el proceso de aprendizaje instructivo. Esta investigación describe la capacidad de predicción de ciertas habilidades cognitivas en las primeras etapas instruccionales del aprendizaje lector en español.Los participantes de este estudio fueron 362 niños españoles evaluados por primera vez en 2º y 3º de Educación Infantil. Los instrumentos empleados en las evaluaciones de las competencias lingüísticas han sido la Batería de Inicio a la Lectura, la Batería de Evaluación de los Procesos Lectores, The Rapid Automatized Naming Test y el Test de Lectura y Escritura en Español. Los resultados delimitaron un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales para la predicción del rendimiento lector inicial en 1º y 2º de Educación Primaria. El modelo alcanzado, Modelo de Aprendizaje en la Lectura Inicial, delimitó las relaciones entre las habilidades del lenguaje oral y las habilidades relacionadas con el código escrito que actuaron como precursores del rendimiento lector inicial. El desempeño en la tarea de velocidad de denominación de letras en Educación Infantil se presentó como el mejor precursor de la eficiencia lectora en 1º y 2º de Educación Primaria.
Los hallazgos del estudio realizan una contribución significativa a la investigación en alfabetización temprana en español como referente para el desarrollo de actuaciones pedagógicas y el logro de éxito lector.
Early literacy studies analyzes the antecedent relationships between cognitive skills in preschool education and achievement of reading during the instructional learning process. This study describes the predictive capacity of certain cognitive abilities in the early instructional stages of Spanish learning. The participants of this study was 362 Spanish children evaluated in 2nd and 3rd year of Early Childhood Education (children aged 4 to 6 years) at the first time.The instruments used in the assessments of language skills have been the Beginning Reading Battery, the Reading Process Assessment Battery, The Rapid Automatized Naming Test and the Reading and Writing Test in Spanish. The results delimited a model of structural equations for the prediction of initial reading performance in 1st and 2nd year of Primary Education (6 to 8 years). The model reached, Learning Model in the Initial Reading, delimited the relations between the oral language skills and the skills related to the code that acts as precursors of the initial reader performance. The performance in the task of letters-naming speed at 2nd and 3rd of Early Childhood Education was presented as the best precursor of reading efficiency at 1st and 2nd year of Primary Education. The findings of study make a significant contribution to early literacy research in Spanish as a reference to develop of pedagogical actions for the achievement of reader success.
"Ella lo provocó": el enfoque de género en la comprensión de la violencia escolar
Authors: Pacheco-Salazar Berenice , López-Yáñez Julián 
Published: July 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la presencia de los estereotipos de género en las dinámicas de violencia escolar. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con diseño cualitativo en dos centros educativos en República Dominicana, a partir de una muestra de 604 estudiantes entre 9 y 16 años. Las técnicas de levantamiento de información fueron talleres lúdicos-creativos, grupos focales y observación no participante.
Los resultados evidencian que el arraigo a los roles estereotipados de género se constituye en un perpetuador de la violencia escolar. Esto se expresa en la violencia verbal y física y, de manera aún más dramática, en la violencia sexual, de la cual las alumnas siempre son las principales víctimas. Además, la socialización diferenciada produce que manifestaciones de violencia de género en la escuela sean invisibilizadas.
Los hallazgos plantean la necesidad de formar a estudiantes en igualdad de género y educación afectivo-sexual, e integrar el enfoque de género y la coeducación en el desarrollo profesional docente a fin de que los centros educativos puedan desarrollar un abordaje preventivo y no reduccionista de la violencia escolar.
The aim of this research is to analyze the presence of gender stereotypes in the dynamics of school violence. A descriptive study with qualitative design was carried out in two schools in the Dominican Republic, from a sample of 604 students between the ages 9 to 16 years old. The information-gathering techniques included creative play workshops, focus groups, and non-participant observation.
The results demonstrate that the deeply-rooted gender stereotypes constitute a perpetuating support of school violence. This is expressed in verbal and physical violence and, even more severely, in sexual violence, of which female students are always the main victims. Furthermore, differentiated socialization renders manifestations of gender violence in school invisible.
These findings raise the need to train students in gender equality and affective-sexual education, and to integrate a gender-based approach in the professional development of teachers in order to achieve a preventive approach to school violence.
Influencia de los problemas internalizantes y externalizantes en la autoeficacia en estudiantes de Secundaria.
Authors: Salavera bordás Carlos , Usán Pablo 
Published: July 2019

La autoeficacia tiene repercusión en los resultados académicos de nuestros estudiantes, la cual puede encontrarse relacionada con los problemas internalizantes y externalizantes de la persona. Se evaluó a 1 402 estudiantes de Secundaria de 12 a 17 años (50.71% varones; M=14.94 años) de la provincia de Zaragoza para analizar la relación entre problemas internalizantes, externalizantes y autoeficacia. Los resultados muestran como las mujeres obtuvieron mayor puntuación en los problemas internalizantes y los varones en los factores correspondientes a agresión y conducta antisocial de los problemas externalizantes. Los problemas internalizantes Depresión, Obsesión-Compulsión (R2=.302) en el caso de los varones y Depresión y Ansiedad (R2=.458) en el caso las mujeres actuaron como predictores de la autoeficacia. Además, ninguno de los problemas externalizantes predijeron la autoeficacia. El modelo entre autoeficacia, problemas internalizantes y externalizantes obtuvo un buen ajuste y los factores internalizantes mostraron una relación inversa con la autoeficacia (r=-.36), mientras los problemas externalizantes mostraron una escasa correlación (r=.12) con ésta. Como conclusiones, el estudio evidenció como una mayor presencia de los problemas internalizantes lleva aparejada una menor autoeficacia en los estudiantes de Secundaria, así como la escasa influencia de los problemas externalizantes en esta autoeficacia.
Self-efficacy has an impact on the academic results of our students. This can be related to the internalizing and externalizing problems of the individual. We evaluated 1402 secondary students between 12 to 17 years old (50.71% male, M = 14.94 years) in the region of Zaragoza in order to analyse the relationship between internalizing, externalizing and self-efficacy problems. The results show how women obtained higher scores in internalizing problems and men in externalizing problems regarding aggression and antisocial behaviour. Internalizing problems such as Depression, Obsession-Compulsion (R2=.302) in the case of men and Depression and Anxiety (R2=.458) in the case women acted as predictors of self-efficacy. In addition, none of the externalizing problems predicted self-efficacy. The model between self-efficacy, internalizing and externalizing problems obtained a good fit and internalizing factors showed an inverse relationship with self-efficacy (r= -.36), while externalizing problems showed a low correlation (r=.12) with this. In conclusion, the study showed how a greater presence of internalizing problems leads to lower self-efficacy in secondary students as well as the scarce influence of externalizing problems in relation to self-efficacy.
Nature representation in South American protected areas: country contrasts and conservation priorities
Authors: Baldi Germán , Schauman Santiago , Texeira Marcos , Marinaro Sofía , Martin Osvaldo A. , Gandini Patricia , Jobbágy Esteban G. 
Published: July 2019

Background
South America faces strong environmental pressures as a result of agriculture and infrastructure expansion and also of demographic growth, demanding immediate action to preserve natural assets by establishing protected areas. Currently, 7.1% of the (sub)continent is under strict conservation categories (I to IV, IUCN), but the spatial distribution of these 1.3 × 106 km2 is poorly understood. We evaluated the representation of nature within the networks of protected areas, map conservation priorities and assess demographic, economic or geopolitical causes of existing protection patterns.

Methods
We characterized nature representation by looking at two components: the extent and the equality of protection. The first refers to the fraction of territory under protection, while the second refers to the homogeneity in the distribution along natural conditions of this protected fraction. We characterized natural conditions by either 113 biogeographical units (specifically, ecoregions) or a series of limited and significant climatic, topographic and edaphic traits. We analyzed representation every ten years since 1960 at national and continental levels. In the physical approach, histograms allowed us to map the degree of conservation priorities. Finally, we ranked the importance of different economic or geopolitical variables driving the observed distributions with a random forest technique.

Results
Nature representation varied across countries in spite of its priority in conservation agendas. In Brazil, Peru and Argentina there are still natural conditions with no formal protection, while in Bolivia and Venezuela, protected areas incorporate the natural diversity in a more balanced manner. As protected networks have increased their extent, so did their equality across and within countries over time. Our maps revealed as top continental priorities the southern temperate, subhumid and fertile lowland environments, and other country-specific areas. Protection extent was generally driven by a low population density and isolation, while other variables like distance to frontiers, were relevant only locally (e.g., in Argentina).

Discussion
Our description of the spatial distribution of protected areas can help societies and governments to improve the allocation of conservation efforts. We identified the main limitations that future conservation efforts will face, as protection was generally driven by the opportunities provided by low population density and isolation. From a methodological perspective, the physical approach reveals new properties of protection and provides tools to explore nature representation at different spatial, temporal and conceptual levels, complementing the traditional ones based on biodiversity or biogeographical attributes.
A review of citalopram dose restrictions in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders in older adults
Authors: McCarrell Jamie L. , Bailey Trista A. , Duncan Nakia A. , Covington Les P. , Clifford Kalin M. , Hall Ronald G. , Blaszczyk Amie Taggart 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Neuropsychiatric disorders affect millions of older adults. Despite this, there are relatively few older adults included in clinical trials evaluating treatments for psychiatric disorders. Citalopram has been evaluated in older adults with neuropsychiatric disorders and has largely been found beneficial, making the 2011 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) safety advisory on citalopram extremely impactful.

Methods
A literature search was completed using the PubMed database. Results were limited to clinical trials conducted in older adults that were published in English.

Results
Review of the literature confirms the efficacy of citalopram in depression, anxiety, depression associated with Parkinson disease, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Additionally, no adverse cardiac outcomes have been described related to citalopram.

Discussion
The FDA's evidence for applying this safety advisory to citalopram is minimal and largely based on surrogate markers, such as the QTc interval rather than clinical and safety outcomes. Citalopram is known to increase the QTc, but this increase has not been linked to adverse cardiac outcomes. The evidence for efficacy and against adverse outcomes suggests that a reevaluation of the dosing restrictions in older adults with neuropsychiatric disorders is needed.
Pregnant/puerperal women who use crack: essential needs for reconstructing a drug-free life / Gestantes/puérperas usuárias de crack: necessidades prioritárias na reconstrução de um viver sem drogas
Authors: Ventura Jeferson , Silva Mara Regina Santos da , Paula Saul Ferraz de , Gehlen Maria Helena , Oliveira Adriane Maria Netto de 
Published: July 2019

RESUMO: Objetivo: identificar a partir da história de vida das gestantes/puérperas usuárias de crack, as necessidades prioritárias que poderiam ajudá-las a reconstruir um viver sem drogas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso, com três participantes sendo uma gestante e duas puérperas usuárias de crack, cujos dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas entre outubro e dezembro/2015. Resultados: Apontaram como prioritárias as necessidades de proteger o filho; necessidade de apoio familiar; necessidade de uma relação de confiança com profissionais; e a necessidade espiritual. Conclusão: Reconstruir um viver sem drogas é um empreendimento coletivo que envolve a família, não apenas como um recurso, mas, também, como objeto de cuidado; os profissionais que precisam rever seus próprios valores e preconceitos; e do poder público, pois a não adesão dessa clientela aos serviços de saúde é uma forma de negligência também com as próximas gerações.
Nurses’ understanding about the pressure injury prevention and care / Conhecimento de enfermeiros sobre prevenção e cuidados de lesão por pressão
Authors: Sousa Rayne Caitano de , Faustino Andréa Mathes 
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento dos enfermeiros assistenciais quanto à prevenção e cuidados com lesões por pressão (LPP) em unidades de clínica médica e cirúrgica de um hospital universitário de Brasília. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo, transversal com análise quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados por meio da aplicação de um instrumento com informações acerca da formação e conhecimento do enfermeiro acerca da LPP. Resultados: A amostra foi de 38 enfermeiros, onde 78.9%, acertaram entre 70 a 89% do instrumento, e somente 2 enfermeiros (5,2%) obtiveram nota igual ou maior a 90% de acerto. Os itens de menor acerto estão relacionados ao uso de dispositivos, como luva d’agua (23,6%), almofadas (23,6%), e em relação ao posicionamento e reposicionamento, além da massagem em proeminência ósseas. Conclusão: Conclui-se que há um déficit do conhecimento da equipe de enfermagem deste hospital, o que pode comprometer diretamente na assistência principalmente do paciente em risco para LPP.
Multidimensional profiling of drug‐treated cells by Imaging Mass Cytometry
Authors: Bouzekri Alexandre , Esch Amanda , Ornatsky Olga 
Published: June 2019

In pharmaceutical research, high‐content screening is an integral part of lead candidate development. Measuring drug response in vitro by examining over 40 parameters, including biomarkers, signaling molecules, cell morphological changes, proliferation indices, and toxicity in a single sample, could significantly enhance discovery of new therapeutics. As a proof of concept, we present here a workflow for multidimensional Imaging Mass Cytometry™ (IMC™) and data processing with open source computational tools. CellProfiler was used to identify single cells through establishing cellular boundaries, followed by histoCAT™ (histology topography cytometry analysis toolbox) for extracting single‐cell quantitative information visualized as t‐SNE plots and heatmaps. Human breast cancer‐derived cell lines SKBR3, HCC1143, and MCF‐7 were screened for expression of cellular markers to generate digital images with a resolution comparable to conventional fluorescence microscopy. Predicted pharmacodynamic effects were measured in MCF‐7 cells dosed with three target‐specific compounds: growth stimulatory EGF, microtubule depolymerization agent nocodazole, and genotoxic chemotherapeutic drug etoposide. We show strong pairwise correlation between nuclear markers pHistone3S28, Ki‐67, and p4E‐BP1T37/T46 in classified mitotic cells and anticorrelation with cell surface markers. Our study demonstrates that IMC data expand the number of measured parameters in single cells and brings higher‐dimension analysis to the field of cell‐based screening in early lead compound discovery.
Understanding the Mechanical and Conductive Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Smart Electronics
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Lu Weibang , Zhou Gengheng , Li Qingwen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe development of fiber‐based smart electronics has provoked increasing demand for high‐performance and multifunctional fiber materials. Carbon nanotube (CNT) fibers, the 1D macroassembly of CNTs, have extensively been utilized to construct wearable electronics due to their unique integration of high porosity/surface area, desirable mechanical/physical properties, and extraordinary structural flexibility, as well as their novel corrosion/oxidation resistivity. To take full advantage of CNT fibers, it is essential to understand their mechanical and conductive properties. Herein, the recent progress regarding the intrinsic structure–property relationship of CNT fibers, as well as the strategies of enhancing their mechanical and conductive properties are briefly summarized, providing helpful guidance for scouting ideally structured CNT fibers for specific flexible electronic applications.
Solution‐Processed Large‐Area Gold Nanocheckerboard Metasurfaces on Flexible Plastics for Plasmonic Biomolecular Sensing
Authors: Cai Jingxuan , Zhang Cuiping , Liang Chuwei , Min Siyi , Cheng Xing , Li Wen‐Di 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA versatile, solution‐processed fabrication strategy combining interference lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer is developed to realize plastic plasmonic metasurfaces for biomolecular sensing applications. This process is potentially suitable for high‐throughput, large‐volume, and low‐cost production of plasmonic metasurfaces. Gold nanocheckerboard metasurfaces are fabricated using this method and show enhanced performance in plasmonic refractometric sensing applications compared to other localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors. An excellent refractive index sensitivity of 435.1 nm RIU−1 and a figure of merit (FoM) of 7.38 are demonstrated for the prototype plasmonic sensors at wavelengths of 570–610 nm. The spectral regions used in sensing are located within the operating wavelength of silicon photodiodes, which allows low analytical instrumentation cost. A plasmonic biosensor is also constructed on the metasurfaces by monitoring the LSPR peak shift that occurs upon high‐affinity biomolecular interactions between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti‐BSA proteins. Moreover, excellent mechanical stability against repeated bending is demonstrated for the plasmonic sensor, which is essential for wearable sensing devices.
Asymmetric Knoevenagel‐Phospha‐Michael Tandem Reaction Synergistically Catalyzed by Achiral Silanols and Grafted Chiral Amines on Mesoporous Silica
Authors: An Zhe , Dai Yan , Jiang Yitao , He Jing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHighly efficient and enantioselective asymmetric Knoevenagel‐phospha‐Michael tandem reactions have been achieved on bifunctional heterogeneous catalysts with inherent silanols as acidic sites and immobilized chiral amines as basic sites. Final products were afforded in yields of up to 99% and ee values of up to 99%. The effects of substituents on benzaldehyde and molecular dimensions of phosphites have also been investigated. Larger substrates can access the catalytic site inside larger mesoporous pores, thereby improving both of yield and ee of final products.
Ethynylphosphonamidates for the Rapid and Cysteine‐Selective Generation of Efficacious Antibody–Drug Conjugates
Authors: Kasper Marc‐André , Stengl Andreas , Ochtrop Philipp , Gerlach Marcus , Stoschek Tina , Schumacher Dominik , Helma Jonas , Penkert Martin , Krause Eberhard , Leonhardt Heinrich , Hackenberger Christian P. R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRequirements for novel bioconjugation reactions for the synthesis of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are exceptionally high, since conjugation selectivity as well as the stability and hydrophobicity of linkers and payloads drastically influence the performance and safety profile of the final product. We report Cys‐selective ethynylphosphonamidates as new reagents for the rapid generation of efficacious ADCs from native non‐engineered monoclonal antibodies through a simple one‐pot reduction and alkylation. Ethynylphosphonamidates can be easily substituted with hydrophilic residues, giving rise to electrophilic labeling reagents with tunable solubility properties. We demonstrate that ethynylphosphonamidate‐linked ADCs have excellent properties for next‐generation antibody therapeutics in terms of serum stability and in vivo antitumor activity.
Engineered Peptide Macrocycles Can Inhibit Matrix Metalloproteinases with High Selectivity
Authors: Maola Khan , Wilbs Jonas , Touati Jeremy , Sabisz Michal , Kong Xu‐Dong , Baumann Alice , Deyle Kaycie , Heinis Christian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc‐dependent endopeptidases at the intersection of health and disease due to their involvement in processes such as tissue repair and immunity as well as cancer and inflammation. Because of the high structural conservation in the catalytic domains and shallow substrate binding sites, selective, small‐molecule inhibitors of MMPs have remained elusive. In a tour‐de‐force peptide engineering approach combining phage‐display selections, rational design of enhanced zinc chelation, and d‐amino acid screening, we succeeded in developing a first synthetic MMP‐2 inhibitor that combines high potency (Ki=1.9±0.5 nm), high target selectivity, and proteolytic stability, and thus fulfills all the required qualities for in cell culture and in vivo application. Our work suggests that selective MMP inhibition is achievable with peptide macrocycles and paves the way for developing specific inhibitors for application as chemical probes and potentially therapeutics.