bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation ofACD6dependent hyperimmunity by natural alleles of anArabidopsis thalianaNLR resistance gene
Authors: Zhu Wangsheng , Zaidem Maricris , Van de Weyer Anna-Lena , Gutaker Rafal M. , Chae Eunyoung , Kim Sang-Tae , Bemm Felix , Li Lei , Schwab Rebecca , Unger Frederik , Beha Marcel Janis , Demar Monika , Weigel Detlef 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPlants defend themselves against pathogens by activating an array of immune responses. Unfortunately, immunity programs may also cause unintended collateral damage to the plant itself. The quantitative disease resistance geneACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6(ACD6) serves as a nexus for the trade-off between growth and pathogen resistance in wild populations ofArabidopsis thaliana.An autoimmune allele,ACD6-Est, first identified in the natural accession Est-1, is found in over 10% of wild strains, even though it causes a clear fitness penalty under optimal growth conditions. There is, however, extensive variation in the strength of the autoimmune phenotype expressed by strains with anACD6-Est allele, indicative of genetic modifiers. Quantitative genetic analysis suggests that the population genetic basis ofACD6modulation is complex, with different strains often carrying different large-effect modifiers. One modifier isSUPPRESSOR OF NPR1-1,CONSTITUTIVE 1(SNC1), located in a highly polymorphic cluster of nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptor genes, which are prototypes for qualitative disease resistance genes. Allelic variation atSNC1correlates withACD6-Est activity in multiple accessions, and a common structural variant affecting the NL linker sequence can explain differences in SNC1 activity. Taken together, we find that an NLR gene can mask the activity of anACD6autoimmune allele in naturalA. thalianapopulations, thereby linking different arms of the plant immune system.Author summaryPlants defend themselves against pathogens by activating immune responses. Unfortunately, these can cause unintended collateral damage to the plant itself. Nevertheless, some wild plants have genetic variants that confer a low threshold for the activation of immunity. While these enable a plant to respond particularly quickly to pathogen attack, such variants might be potentially dangerous. We are investigating one such variant of the immune geneACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6(ACD6) in the plantArabidopsis thaliana.We discovered that there are variants at other genetic loci that can mask the effects of an overly activeACD6gene. One of these genes,SUPPRESSOR OF NPR1-1,CONSTITUTIVE 1(SNC1), codes for a known immune receptor. TheSNC1variant that attenuatesACD6activity is rather common inA. thalianapopulations, suggesting that new combinations of the hyperactiveACD6variant and this antagonisticSNC1variant will often arise by natural crosses. Similarly, because the two genes are unlinked, outcrossing will often lead to the hyperactiveACD6variants being unmasked again. We propose that allelic diversity atSNC1contributes to the maintenance of the hyperactiveACD6variant in naturalA. thalianapopulations.
Enhanced bacterial immunity and mammalian genome editing via RNA polymerase-mediated dislodging of Cas9 from double strand DNA breaks
Authors: Clarke Ryan , Heler Robert , MacDougall Matthew S. , Yeo Nan Cher , Chavez Alejandro , Regan Maureen , Hanakahi Leslyn , Church George M. , Marraffini Luciano A. , Merrill Bradley J. 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYThe ability to target the Cas9 nuclease to DNA sequences via Watson-Crick base pairing with a single guide RNA (sgRNA) has provided a dynamic tool for genome editing and an essential component of adaptive immune systems in bacteria. After generating a double strand break (DSB), Cas9 remains stably bound to it. Here we show persistent Cas9 binding blocks access to DSB by repair enzymes, reducing genome editing efficiency. Cas9 can be dislodged by translocating RNA polymerases, but only if the polymerase approaches one direction towards the Cas9-DSB complex. By exploiting these RNA polymerase-Cas9 interactions, Cas9 can be conditionally converted into a multi-turnover nuclease, mediating increased mutagenesis frequencies in mammalian cells and enhancing bacterial immunity to bacteriophages. These consequences of a stable Cas9-DSB complex provide insights into the evolution of PAM sequences and a simple method of improving selection of highly active sgRNA for genome editing.
Required marker properties for unbiased estimates of the genetic correlation between populations
Authors: Wientjes Yvonne C.J. , Calus Mario P.L. , Duenk Pascal , Bijma Piter 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTPopulations generally differ in environmental and genetic factors, which can create differences in allele substitution effects between populations. Therefore, a single genotype may have different additive genetic values in different populations. The correlation between the two additive genetic values of a single genotype in both populations is known as the additive genetic correlation between populations and can differ from one. Our objective was to investigate whether differences in linkage disequilibrium (LD) and allele frequencies of markers and causal loci between populations affect bias of the estimated genetic correlation. We simulated two populations that were separated for 50 generations. Markers and causal loci were selected to either have similar or different allele frequencies in the two populations. Differences in consistency of LD between populations were obtained by using different marker density panels. Results showed that when the difference in allele frequencies of causal loci between populations was reflected by the markers, genetic correlations were only slightly underestimated using markers. This was even the case when LD patterns, measured by LD statistic r, were different between populations. When the difference in allele frequencies of causal loci between populations was not reflected by the markers, genetic correlations were severely underestimated. We conclude that for an unbiased estimate of the genetic correlation between populations, marker allele frequencies should reflect allele frequencies of causal loci so that marker-based relationships can accurately predict the relationships at causal loci, i.e. E(Gcausal loci|Gmarkers) ≠ Gmarkers. Differences in LD between populations have little effect on the estimated genetic correlation.
International comparison of performance of public projects
Authors: Ling Florence Yean Yng 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of public projects in Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore and Sydney to uncover which areas project managers should focus on when managing public projects in different countries.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the literature review, a structured questionnaire was designed to collect data of completed public projects. In total, 244 sets of data of completed public projects were collected.

Findings
Significant cost and schedule overruns are found in all four cities. Hong Kong’s public projects have the highest cost and schedule overruns. Singapore’s public projects have the lowest cost overrun and Beijing’s projects have the lowest schedule overrun. Public projects in all four cities recorded significantly good project quality.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are not easily generalizable due to the relatively small sample size in Sydney, low response rate and data being collected from only four cities. The research implication is that the plethora of project management strategies does not seem effective in preventing cost and schedule overruns in public projects.

Practical implications
This study found that across the four cities, there are significant cost and schedule overruns. Projects in Hong Kong perform the worst in terms of cost and schedule, when compared to Beijing, Singapore and Sydney. The implication is that more attention should be paid to managing cost and schedule, especially in Hong Kong.

Originality/value
The originality is that the study discovered which areas project managers should focus on when managing public projects in different countries. In laissez-faire or free market economies, more attention should be paid to managing project cost and schedule. When a country has lower transparency index, more attention should be paid to controlling project quality. Project team members should focus on delivering public projects to the highest level of quality in developed countries.
The contrary effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations on burnout and turnover intention in the public sector
Authors: Kim Jungin 
Published: April 2018

PurposeBased on motivation theories, such as self-determination theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether intrinsic and extrinsic motivations significantly influence burnout and turnover intention in the public sector. Furthermore, the authors assessed the mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and public service motivation (PSM) on the relationship between intrinsic/extrinsic motivation and burnout/turnover intention.Design/methodology/approachBased on a survey of 203 public employees from local governments in South Korea, this study conducted ordinary least squares regression analysis to investigate the relationships among intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, OCB, PSM, and burnout/turnover intention.FindingsThe authors found that intrinsic motivation had a significantly negative effect on both burnout and turnover intention. Extrinsic motivation had a significantly positive effect only on burnout. Lastly, OCB and PSM had a mediating effect on the relationships between intrinsic motivation and burnout.Originality/valueThese results provide some insights into the effects of job motivation on burnout and turnover intention in the public sector. Particularly, this research highlights the importance of intrinsic motivation, OCB, and PSM in decreasing burnout and the importance of intrinsic motivation in decreasing turnover intention of public employees.
Minimum wages effects on low-skilled workers in less developed regions of China
Authors: Wang Jing , Gunderson Morley 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the causal effect of minimum wages on the employment of low-skilled workers in less developed regions of China.Design/methodology/approachBased on data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey, a double-difference (DD) methodology is used to compare the employment of low-skilled individuals before and after a minimum wage increase in their provinces with a comparison group of individuals in provinces that did not have a minimum wage increase. Also, a triple-difference methodology (DDD) is used that also includes an additional control group of highly educated workers as a within-province internal comparison group that should not be affected by a minimum wage increase.FindingsNo evidence of an adverse employment effect is found in any of the 36 different estimates, consistent with recent US evidence that uses a similar DD methodology.Research limitations/implicationsThe data are not national representative; rather heavily weighted towards the less developed Central, Western and parts of the Eastern Regions of China. This may partially explain the absence of the theoretically expected adverse employment effect. Other related reasons are discussed, including: lack of enforcement in those less developed regions; a large presence of state-owned enterprises in the regions where employment security clause remains intact; the relatively less developed labour markets in the regions including where employers may behave in a monopsony fashion in their labour markets; shock effects; and cost offsets from reduced fringe benefits and increases in the pace of work. This paper was unable to disentangle the separate effect of these possible factors.Originality/valueThis is one of the few studies on minimum wages in China to focus on low-skilled workers in less developed regions, to use individuals as the unit of observation rather than aggregates, and to provide causal estimates based on DD and DDD methodologies.
Sustainability and academic air travel in Australian universities
Authors: Glover Andrew , Strengers Yolande , Lewis Tania 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Air travel is becoming increasingly recognized as a source of greenhouse gas emissions contributing to climate change. This is particularly relevant for the university sector, which relies heavily on staff air travel for domestic and international mobility.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative content and textual analysis of Australian university sustainability policies, documents and Web pages, this paper discusses the extent to which these organizations take the task of reducing emissions from flying seriously.

Findings
Universities fall into one of three groups in this regard. “Air Travel Ignorers” are organizations that either have no sustainability policy or none that recognize air travel as a source of greenhouse gas emissions. The second group – “Recognition without Intervention” – describes universities that do acknowledge the role of air travel in their carbon footprint, but do not propose any means to reduce the amount of flying they do. Third, “Air Travel Substituters” seek to substitute their air travel with a digital form of mobility, usually video conferencing.

Research limitations/implications
The authors then highlight the need to decrease and denormalize university air travel through shifting shared expectations of mobility for events such as conferences and meetings.

Practical implications
By way of a conclusion, the authors discuss the nature of air travel for Australian academia and the relationship between various forms of mobility, connectedness and co-presence.

Originality/value
This is the first comprehensive analysis of Australian university sustainability policies with respect to air travel.
Recommending valuable ideas in an open innovation community
Authors: Lee Hanjun , Choi Keunho , Yoo Donghee , Suh Yongmoo , Lee Soowon , He Guijia 
Published: April 2018

PurposeOpen innovation communities are a growing trend across diverse industries because they provide opportunities of collaborating with customers and exploiting their knowledge effectively. Although open innovation communities can be strategic assets that can help firms innovate, firms nonetheless face the challenge of information overload incurred due to the characteristic of the community. The purpose of this paper is to mitigate the problem of information overload in an open innovation environment.Design/methodology/approachThis study chose MyStarbucksIdea.com (MSI) as a target open innovation community in which customers share their ideas. The authors analyzed a large data set collected from MSI utilizing text mining techniques including TF-IDF and sentiment analysis, while considering both term and non-term features of the data set. Those features were used to develop classification models to calculate the adoption probability of each idea.FindingsThe results showed that term and non-term features play important roles in predicting the adoptability of ideas and the best classification accuracy was achieved by the hybrid classification models. In most cases, the precisions of classification models decreased as the number of recommendations increased, while the models’ recalls and F1s increased.Originality/valueThis research dealt with the problem of information overload in an open innovation context. A large amount of customer opinions from an innovation community were examined and a recommendation system to mitigate the problem was proposed. Using the proposed system, the firm can get recommendations for ideas that could be valuable for its business innovation in the idea generation phase, thereby resolving the information overload and enhancing the effectiveness of open innovation.
The influence of coproduction’s factors and corporate image toward attitudinal loyalty
Authors: Abd Aziz Norzalita 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
Islamic banking system has become mainstream with the increasing popularity and demand of its products and services, including that of non-Muslims and even among the Western market. This paper aims to attempt to explore the factors that influence the co-production of services as well consumer attitudinal loyalty based on consumers’ perception of Islamic financial banking services. It also tests how co-production and customer loyalty as well as corporate image relate to each other. The present study is set up in the context of Islamic financial banking service industry in Malaysia.

Design/methodology/approach
The data were collected using the survey method. Convenience sampling was used to collect 502 usable responses via self-administered questionnaires.

Findings
The hierarchical regression results show that communication and commitment have a significant influence on co-production of services, but competence has an insignificant relationship. Co-production and corporate image have a significant influence on the consumer attitudinal loyalty, whereas corporate image has significant influence on consumer commitment. The study findings show that the co-production fully mediates the relationship between the communication and attitudinal loyalty, whereas it partially mediates the relationship between commitment and attitudinal loyalty.

Research limitations/implications
Further research is required to determine other additional and broader range of constructs. Further testing is therefore required before any generalization of these results can be undertaken, and it would be useful to conduct future studies in other types of industries. There are four segments of Islamic financial services customers, namely, religious conviction group, religious conviction and economic group, ethical observant group and economic rationality group. It is interesting to examine these segments related to the current study on how each segment influences the co-production process and loyalty among them.

Originality/value
The sustainability of a service organization depends on understanding customers’ needs but it also relies on the involvement of its customers. Although similar to-production, value co-creation has been regarded as one of the most prioritized research topics in service and marketing; thus, future researchers might model the relationships based on this concept. Despite these, few studies have been conducted to understand the nature and implications of co-production concept in Islamic financial banking services. This study contributes to the knowledge, in particular, in the context of Islamic financial banking services, especially by integrating additional constructs in determining customers’ loyalty such as the corporate image. To a certain extent, it offers some important insights on the subject of co-production and customer loyalty that eventually will lead to value creation and sustainability of businesses.
Islamic marketing paradoxes: a way to understand it again …
Authors: Abu Daabes Ajayeb 
Published: April 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to provide insights on Islamic marketing (IM) through discussing a number of controversial questions and paradoxes to understand deeply this new wave.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual in nature. It is based on several assumptions of IM concepts and implications that were originated from literature. Couple of arguments were addressed deeply: the contradiction between conventional and IM, and the success of the non-Muslim companies before the emerging of IM, the importance of IM in the current era, the nature of the lens that is used in understanding IM and Islam as marketing tool or IM as a tool to promote Islam. Extensive debates were introduced through critical analysis and comparisons between various perspectives.FindingsThe paper presents the following key arguments: there is no apparent difference between conventional marketing and IM, as it is built on the core conventional marketing principles besides the MuslimShariahand practices. Practitioners should focus on understanding the Muslim markets in context to particular practices and perceptions of that specific market. Islam does not need to be promoted by IM as huge sources are available; moreover, Islam is not a mere marketing tool, but a backbone to prevail the IM field.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to this new trend by introducing and analyzing paradoxes of IM. The discussion of the proposed controversial questions opens the door for new understanding of different perspectives for IM.
Heat treatment of electron beam melted (EBM) Ti-6Al-4V: microstructure to mechanical property correlations
Authors: Raghavan Srinivasan , Nai Mui Ling Sharon , Wang Pan , Sin Wai Jack , Li Tao , Wei Jun 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The paper presents a wide range of post processing heat treatment cycles performed to Electron Beam Melted (EBM) Ti6Al4V alloy and establishes correlations of heat treat process to microstructure and mechanical property (microhardness). The research also identifies the optimal heat treatment to obtain the best microstructure and mechanical properties (hardness and tensile).

Design/methodology/approach
Rectangular bars fabricated using EBM was used to study the different heat treatment cycles. A variety of heat treatments from sub ß-transus, super ß-transus, near ß-transus and solution aircool plus ageing were designed. After the heat treatment process, the samples were analysed for, α lath width, prior ß grain size, microhardness and nanohardness. Tensile tests were done for the heat treated samples showing most refined α lath structure with uniform globular grains.

Findings
A clear correlation was observed between α lath width and the microhardness values. The solution aircooled plus aged samples exhibited the best refinement in α-ß morphology with uniform equiaxed grains. The tensile properties of the solution aircooled plus aged samples were comparable to that of the EBM printed samples and better than ASTMF1472 specifications.

Originality/value
There is hardly any prior work related to post processing heat treatment of EBM built Ti6Al4V other than HIP treatments. The variety of heat treatment cycles and its influence in microstructure and properties, studied in this research, gives a clear understanding on how to tailor final microstructures and select the optimal heat treatment process.