bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent Girls’ Perceptions of Physical Activity: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Corr Méabh , McSharry Jennifer , Murtagh Elaine M. 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To synthesize evidence from qualitative studies relating to adolescent girls’ perceptions of physical activity participation. The protocol for this review is registered with PROSPERO (ID no. CRD42017054944). Data Source: PubMed, Sports Discus, Academic Search Complete, and Education Resources Information Centre. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria: Studies reporting qualitative data that explored the views/opinions/perceptions of adolescent girls (>12 and <18 years old) published between 2001 and 2016 were included. Studies not in English, those focusing on school physical education or specific sports, and those including special populations were excluded. Extraction: Study characteristics and results were extracted to a form developed by the authors and managed using NVivo 10 (QSR International’s NVivo 10 software). Data were extracted by 1 reviewer, and a sample (25%) was checked by a second reviewer. Synthesis: Data were synthesized using a thematic network and managed using NVivo 10. The validity of the included studies was assessed using the “Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2018)” checklist. The ENTREQ and PRISMA statement was followed when reporting this qualitative synthesis. Results: Of the 1818 studies identified in the search strategy, 24 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Global themes were identified using a thematic network. These themes were “Gender Bias in Sport,” “Motivation and Perceived Competence,” “Competing Priorities during Adolescence,” and “Meeting Societal Expectations.” Conclusions: The results of this review provide insights into adolescent girls’ views on physical activity. Future research is needed to investigate the potential impact of alternative activity programs on adolescent girls with appropriate follow-up. Researchers and individuals working with young girls must consider the role of perceived motor competence in participation and how this can impact their perceptions.
How Does a Social Open Innovation Succeed? Learning from Burro Battery and Grassroots Innovation Festival of India
Authors: Yun Jinhyo Joseph , Egbetoku Abiodun A. , Zhao Xiaofei 
Published: December 2018

As people pay attentions to social innovation as the source of innovative ideas and the repository of new business models, this study poses the following research questions: How does a social open innovation succeed? What is the success factor of social open innovation? What are the successful dynamics of social open innovation? This article selected two case studies: one is the Burro Battery Company in Ghana and the other is grassroots innovation enterprise of India known as the Honey Bee Network and its collaborator, National Innovation Foundation (NIF), Ahmedabad. The first case is a social open innovation firm case while the second case is a social open innovation policy case. Through deep case study, we found out the ways of success of social open innovation strategy and social open innovation policy.
Improving Career Services
Authors: Lenz Janet , Reardon Robert 
Published: December 2018

This case study describes an effort to integrate academic scholarship and career services delivery in a university setting. The resulting model is a “teaching career centre” where applied research, undergraduate and graduate instruction and training, and comprehensive career services are provided. The kinds of activities accomplished to date could not have been realised without the joint collaboration that took place between academic and student affairs. Each of the individuals involved in the effort brought a unique perspective and set of skills that enabled the team as a whole to accomplish much more than any one individual working alone or working solely within their own division. The collaborative effort described in this case study demonstrates that this type of activity can be sustained over an extended period of time, can be done in a manner where each party involved benefits, and can be cost-effective and productive for the organisation as a whole.
Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of cardiovascular events: A report from the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention trial
Authors: Wang Anne , Arver Stefan , Boman Kurt , Gerstein Hertzel C , Fu Lee Shun , Hess Sibylle , Rydén Lars , Mellbin Linda G 
Published: December 2018

Aims: Testosterone and its binding protein sex hormone-binding globulin have been associated with cardiovascular disease and dysglycaemia. However, information on the prognostic implication in patients at high cardiovascular risk with dysglycaemia is inconsistent. The study objective was to determine whether testosterone and/or sex hormone-binding globulin predict cardiovascular events or death in dysglycaemic patients. Methods: Dysglycaemic males at high cardiovascular risk ( n = 5553) who participated in the Outcome Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial and provided baseline blood samples were studied. Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured at baseline and used to estimate free testosterone. Low levels of total and free testosterone were defined as ≤300 ng/dl and ≤7 ng/dl, respectively. Patients were followed for six years for cardiovascular events (defined as the composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke) and all-cause mortality. Results: The mean total and free testosterone levels were 416.6 ng/dl and 8.4 ng/dl, and low levels were present in 13% and 37% of the patients. The median sex hormone-binding globulin level was 35 nmol/l. In Cox regression models adjusted for age, previous diseases and pharmacological treatment, neither total nor free testosterone predicted cardiovascular events. However, a one-standard-deviation increase in sex hormone-binding globulin predicted both cardiovascular events (hazard ratio 1.07; 95% confidence interval 1.00–1.14; p = 0.03) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.06–1.21; p < 0.01). Conclusion: Sex hormone-binding globulin, but not total testosterone, predicts cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in dysglycaemic males at high cardiovascular risk.
Efficacy of tadalafil against lower urinary tract symptoms after low-dose-rate brachytherapy in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Saito T , Minagawa T , Ogawa T , Ishizuka O 
Published: December 2018

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effects of addition of tadalafil to tamsulosin in the treatment of brachytherapy patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Methods: Localized prostate cancer patients who developed LUTS after low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) were first treated with alpha-1 blockers (tamsulosin, 0.2 mg per day). Those still suffering from LUTS were additionally treated with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (tadalafil, 5 mg/day). LUTS was evaluated by the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS Quality of Life (QOL) score, Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), and the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF5) score before brachytherapy, before treatment with tadalafil, and after three months of treatment with tadalafil. Results: Twenty-three patients were enrolled in the study. Each subscore of the IPSS (storage symptom, voiding symptom, and postvoiding symptom) and the QOL score improved, but OABSS and IIEF5 did not show significant recovery after addition of tadalafil treatment. When patient characteristics and each question score were surveyed, time from seed implantation until treatment with tadalafil showed the strongest correlation with recovery. Conclusions: Addition of tadalafil to tamsulosin treatment was effective against LUTS in localised prostate cancer patients after brachytherapy. Evidence level: 2b
Evaluation of Intrinsic Biomechanical Risk Factors in Patellar Tendinopathy: A Retrospective Radiographic Case-Control Series
Authors: Dan Michael J. , McMahon James , Parr William C.H. , Broe David , Lucas Phil , Cross Meryvn , Walsh William R. 
Published: December 2018

Background: Patellar tendinopathy is an overuse condition often affecting athletes. It has been postulated that patellar tendinopathy is associated with patella alta; however, this and any other anatomic risk factors have not been identified. Purpose: To explore whether lever arm differences from radiographic measurements exist between patients with and without tendinopathy. This may provide surgeons with a simple radiographic means to identify patients at risk. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging scans of the knee from a sports imaging facility were screened and reviewed to identify 2 groups of patients: those with and those without imaging signs of patellar tendinopathy. The lateral radiographs were reviewed and measurements made to determine (1) lever arm ratio, (2) moment arm ratio, (3) angle between the moment and line of pull of the patellar tendon, (4) patellar tendon pivot point angle, and (5) patellar height (alta). Measurements were obtained directly from radiographs. The images and measurements were reviewed by 2 experienced orthopaedic clinicians. Results: A total of 105 patients were included in this study: 52 with patellar tendinopathy and 53 without patellar tendinopathy (controls). The mean age was similar between groups (23 years); females accounted for 8 of 52 patients with patellar tendinopathy and 24 of 53 patients without. The lever arm ratio in the group with patellar tendinopathy versus controls was 1.71 versus 1.01 ( P = .01), with a moment arm difference of 1.00 versus 0.80 ( P < .01), respectively. There was no difference detected between groups for patellar tendon angle, patellar tendon pivot point angle, knee flexion angle, or incidence of patella alta. No correlation was found with our measurements and the Insall-Salvati ratio. Statistical analysis was also performed according to sex, and a statistically significant difference between groups was found for differences in lever arm ratio and moment arm. Conclusion: The lever arm ratio and moment arm ratio from lateral radiographs were significantly different between patients with and without patellar tendinopathy. Further study is needed on the biomechanical implications of the pivot point and how altering it can affect stress within the patellar tendon, patellofemoral joint, and associated clinical outcomes.
Total Ankle Replacement Conversion to Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis With Bulk Femoral Head Allograft and Pseudoelastic Intramedullary Nail Providing Sustained Joint Compression
Authors: Conklin Mark Jay , Smith Kathryn Elizabeth , Blair Jeremy Webster , Dupont Kenneth Michael 
Published: December 2018

Tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis is commonly performed to salvage a failed total ankle replacement. These salvage procedures are complicated by significant bone loss from the ankle replacement and are associated with low patient satisfaction. Here, we describe 2 cases of patients who presented with a failed total ankle replacement and underwent arthrodesis using a bulk femoral head allograft and a novel pseudoelastic intramedullary nail. The intramedullary nail contains an internal pseudoelastic element that adapts to bone resorption and settling allowing for compression to be maintained at the arthrodesis sites throughout healing. In the first case, a 65-year-old woman with a failed total ankle replacement underwent TTC arthrodesis. The second case involved an obese 53-year-old woman who had previously undergone 2 total ankle replacement procedures that resulted in unsuccessful outcomes. In both cases, union was demonstrated on computed tomographic scan by 6 months. At 2 years postsurgery, both patients were satisfied with the procedure. These cases provide preliminary evidence that tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with a pseudoelastic IM nail and structural allograft is an appropriate treatment for failed total ankle replacements. Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic, case series.
Deep functional immunophenotyping predicts risk of cytomegalovirus reactivation after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Camargo Jose F. , Wieder Eric D. , Kimble Erik , Benjamin Cara L. , Kolonias Despina S. , Kwon Deukwoo , Chen Xi Steven , Komanduri Krishna V. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common viral infection in hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. We performed deep phenotyping of CMV-specific T cells to predict CMV outcomes following allogeneic HCT. By using 13-color flow cytometry, we studied ex vivo CD8+ T-cell cytokine production in response to CMV-pp65 peptides in 3 clinically distinct subgroups of CMV-seropositive HCT patients: (1) Elite Controllers (n = 19): did not have evidence of CMV DNAemia on surveillance testing; (2) Spontaneous Controllers (n = 16): spontaneously resolved low-grade CMV DNAemia without antiviral therapy; and (3) Noncontrollers (NC; n = 21): experienced clinically significant CMV. Two CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell functional subsets were strongly associated with risk of CMV: (i) the nonprotective signature (NPS; IL-2−IFN-γ+TNF-α−MIP-1β+), found at increased levels among NC; and (ii) the protective signature (PS; IL-2+IFN-γ+TNF-α+MIP-1β+) found at low levels among NC. High levels of the NPS and low levels of PS were associated with an increased 100-day cumulative incidence of clinically significant CMV infection (35% vs 5%; P = .02; and 40% vs 12%; P = .05, respectively). The highest predictive value was observed when these signatures were combined into a composite biomarker consisting of low levels of the PS and high levels of the NPS (67% vs 10%; P &lt; .001). After adjusting for steroid use or donor type, this composite biomarker remained associated with a fivefold increase in the risk of clinically significant CMV infection. CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell cytokine signatures with robust predictive value for risk of CMV reactivation should prove useful in guiding clinical decision making in HCT recipients.
Genetic and epigenetic regulation of cardiomyocytes in development, regeneration and disease
Authors: Cui Miao , Wang Zhaoning , Bassel-Duby Rhonda , Olson Eric N. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
Embryonic and postnatal life depend on the uninterrupted function of cardiac muscle cells. These cells, termed cardiomyocytes, display many fascinating behaviors, including complex morphogenic movements, interactions with other cell types of the heart, persistent contractility and quiescence after birth. Each of these behaviors depends on complex interactions between both cardiac-restricted and widely expressed transcription factors, as well as on epigenetic modifications. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic control of cardiomyocyte differentiation and proliferation during heart development, regeneration and disease. We focus on those regulators that are required for both heart development and disease, and highlight the regenerative principles that might be manipulated to restore function to the injured adult heart.
Bone without minerals and its secondary mineralization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): the recovery from phosphorus deficiency
Authors: Witten P. Eckhard , Fjelldal Per Gunnar , Huysseune Ann , McGurk Charles , Obach Alex , Owen Matthew A. G. 
Published: December 2018

Calcium and phosphorus (P) are the main bone minerals and P-deficiency causes hypomineralized bones (osteomalacia) and malformations. This study uses a P-deficient salmon model to falsify three hypotheses. First, an extended period of dietary P-deficiency does not cause pathologies other than osteomalacia. Second, secondary mineralization of non-mineralized bone is possible. Third, secondary mineralization can restore the bones' mineral composition and mechanical properties.
Post-smolt Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) received for seven weeks diets with regular P-content (RP), or with a 50% lowered P-content (LP). For additional nine weeks RP animals continued on the regular diet (RP-RP). LP animals continued on the LP-diet (LP-LP), on a regular P diet (LP-RP), or on a high P diet (LP-HP).
After 16 weeks, animals in all groups maintained a non-deformed vertebral column. LP-LP animals continued bone formation albeit without mineralization. Nine weeks of RP diet largely restored the mineral content and mechanical properties of vertebral bodies. Mineralization resumed deep inside the bone and away from osteoblasts. The history of P-deficiency was traceable in LP-RP and LP-HP animals as a ring of low-mineralized bone in the vertebral body endplates but no tissue alterations occurred that foreshadow vertebral body compression or fusion. Large quantities of non-mineralized salmon bone have the capacity to re-mineralize. If 16 weeks of P-deficiency as a single factor is not causal for typical vertebral body malformations other factors remain to be identified. This example of functional bone without minerals may explain why some teleost species can afford to have an extremely low mineralized skeleton.
Contribution of High School Sport Participation to Young Adult Bone Strength
Authors: WARD RYAN C. , JANZ KATHLEEN F. , LETUCHY ELENA M. , PETERSON CLAYTON , LEVY STEVEN M. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionNearly 8 million American adolescents participate in sports. Participation declines in young adulthood.PurposeThis study assessed longitudinal effects of high school sport participation and muscle power on young adult bone strength.MethodsTwo hundred twenty-eight young adults from the Iowa Bone Development Study completed an interscholastic sport participation questionnaire. Current physical activity (PA) behaviors were assessed via questionnaire. Dual x-ray absorptiometry assessed hip areal bone mineral density and was used with hip structure analysis to estimate femoral neck section modulus and hip cross-sectional area. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography provided strength-strain index and bone strength index at 38% and 4% midshaft tibial sites, respectively. Vertical jump estimated muscle power at 17 yr. Sex-specific multiple linear regression predicted young adult bone outcomes based on sport participation groups. Mediation analysis analyzed the effects of muscle power on relationships between sport participation and bone strength.ResultsAt follow-up, males participating in any interscholastic sport had greater bone strength than males who did not participate in sport. The explained variability in bone outcomes was 2% to 16%. Females who participated in sports requiring muscle power had greater bone strength than females who did not participate in sports or females who participated in nonpower sports (explained variability was 4%–10%). Muscle power mediated 24.7% to 41% of the effect of sport participation on bone outcomes in males and 19.4% to 30% in females.ConclusionsFormer male interscholastic sport participants and female interscholastic power sport participants have stronger bones than peers even when adjusting for current PA. Muscle power did not fully explain differences in all bone outcomes, suggesting that sport participation has additional bone health benefits.
Role of Bronchial Washing Gene Xpert in Sputum-Scarce Cases of Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Zuberi Faisal Faiyaz , Hussain Sagheer , Hameed Sidra , Zuberi Bader Faiyaz 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To determine the frequency of mycobacterium tuberculosis detection, in bronchial washing in sputum-scarce cases of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, during July 2016 to December 2017. Sputum-scarce patients with suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis were selected and underwent for bronchoscopy, detailed examination of bronchial tree was performed, and bronchial washing collected for testing of mycobacterium tuberculosis with Gene Xpert.
Results: A total of 120 patients were included. In this study 55 (45.8%) patients were female and 65 (54.2%) were male with mean±SD of age was 39.9±14.7 years. Bronchial washing Gene Xpert for mycobacterium tuberculosis was detected in 83 (69.2%) sputum-scarce cases of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
Conclusion: Bronchial washing Gene Xpert has an excellent diagnostic yield for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum-scarce cases of suspected pulmonary tuberculosis.
How to cite this:Zuberi FF, Hussain S, Hameed S, Zuberi BF. Role of Bronchial Washing Gene Xpert in Sputum-Scarce Cases of Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(1):211-214. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.1.107
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Personality and interpersonal sibling relationships
in early adulthood – causal analysis
Authors: Walęcka-Matyja Katarzyna 
Published: December 2018

Aim of the studyThe aim of the study was to identify personality predictors of the quality of interpersonal sibling relationships in early adulthood.Subject or material and methodsThe participants of the study were 160 young adults (M=25.5 years; SD=3.27), coming from the district of Łódź. The applied research tools included: Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire – short form, Personality Inventory NEO-FFI, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire INTE.ResultsThe obtained results indicate the occurrence of personality determinants of the quality of interpersonal sibling relationships in early adulthood. It was found out that Extraversion and Openness (only in the group of men) were determined the sibling relationships based on Warmth. Conflictual relationships with adult siblings in both groups were determined by a low level of Agreeableness, and, only in the group of women, by a high level of Neuroticism and Extraversion. Rivalry in relationships with siblings in the group of women was determined by a low level of Agreeableness. In the conducted research, emotional intelligence did not determine the quality of relationships with adult siblings. It was found out that women had obtained higher mean scores than men in respect of Neuroticism, Agreeableness and Emotional Support.DiscussionThe results of this study are partly consistent with the results of previous studies in this area.ConclusionsThe fact of showing the role of personality dimensions and emotional intelligence in shaping the quality of interpersonal sibling relationships in early adulthood will contribute to updating the psychological knowledge in this field and may be important for the psychotherapeutic practice.