bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation Into Contaminated Waste Composition in a University Dental Clinic: Opportunities for Sustainability in Dentistry
Authors: Yeoh Samuel , Bourdamis Yani , Saker Adam , Marano Noah , Maundrell Liam , Ramamurthy Poornima , Sharma Dileep 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesMany international dental organizations have been advocating for sustainable practices in dentistry, whereby significant reductions in environmental impacts are needed. The aim of this study was to analyze dental clinical waste in a university clinic setting to explore opportunities for sustainable practices.Material and MethodsFifty dental units (chairs) that are routinely used in delivery of dental treatment and involved supervising clinicians, dental students, and patients were randomly selected, and the clinical waste generated was collected, segregated, and weighed. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze differences in waste production based on treatment performed.ResultsThe mean waste production generated by each chair was 81.4 g of aprons, 56.2 g of gloves, 17.2 g of masks, 24.0 g of sterile wrappings, 48.8 g of other plastics, 100.8 g of cellulose‐based items, and 25.8 g of miscellaneous items. Higher waste was generated from the chairs performing endodontic procedures when compared with examinations. A potential annual greenhouse gas saving of approximately 10 kg CO2e per year (when one patient is treated daily) can be achieved if sterile wrapping plastics were to be recycled.ConclusionsSimple yet achievable opportunities for efficient clinical waste management at university clinics exist, which in turn will increase environmental sustainability in the post‐COVID‐19 era. Increased awareness and incentives for sustainable measures could potentially enhance the possibility of wider adoption of ecofriendly approaches.
The Accuracy of the CBCT‐Based 3‐Dimensional Replica of the Donor Tooth in Autotransplantation
Authors: Juslin Jessica , Teerijoki‐Oksa Tuija , Jääsaari Päivi , Ekholm Marja , Vallittu Pekka , Lassila Lippo , Thorén Hanna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study evaluated the accuracy of the CBCT reconstruction model compared to the natural tooth and the accuracy of the replica tooth compared to the natural tooth.ObjectiveThe hypothesis was that a replica tooth could be used as a surgical guide in autotransplantation.MethodsThree teeth were chosen and a CBCT reconstruction model was formed from each tooth. STL‐data was transferred to a milling machine and replica teeth were milled from PEEK. A digitized surface model was prepared from the natural and the replica teeth by a stereophotogrammetry scanner. The surface model from the optical scan of the natural tooth was compared to the CBCT reconstruction model and the surface model of the replica tooth. The models were matched on each other, and surface‐based rigid registration was performed between the surface models. Distances were calculated and visualized by MATLAB.ResultsThe CBCT reconstruction model and the natural tooth were compared. The largest euclidean distance was found at the root tip in the premolar (0.93 mm) and at the furcation area in the molar (2.3 mm). When the natural tooth and the replica tooth were compared, the largest euclidean distance was found at the root tip in the premolar (1.5 mm) and at the furcation area in the molar (1.9 mm).ConclusionA CBCT scan maintains sufficient image quality for tooth autotransplantation planning. The replica tooth corresponded in size and shape to the natural tooth in terms of clinically expected need of precision.
Redox Biocatalysis in Lidocaine‐Based Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents: Non‐Conventional Media Outperform Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Zhang Ningning , Lahmann Viktoria , Bittner Jan Philipp , Domínguez de María Pablo , Jakobtorweihen Sven , Smirnova Irina , Kara Selin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRedox biocatalysis is an essential pillar of the chemical industry. Yet, the enzymes’ nature restricts most reactions to aqueous conditions, where the limited substrate solubility leads to unsustainable diluted biotranformations. Non‐aqueous media represent a strategic solution to conduct intensified biocatalytic routes. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are designable solvents that can be customized to meet specific application needs. Within the large design space of combining DES components (and ratios), hydrophobic DESs hold the potential to be both enzyme‐compatible – keeping the enzymes’ hydration –, and solubilizers for hydrophobic reactants. We explored two hydrophobic DESs, lidocaine/oleic acid, and lidocaine/decanoic acid, as reaction media for carbonyl reduction catalyzed by horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, focusing on the effect of water contents and on maximizing substrate loadings. Enzymes remained highly active and stable in the DESs with 20 wt % buffer, whereas the reaction performance in DESs outperformed the pure buffer system with hydrophobic substrates (e. g., cinnamaldehyde to form the industrially relevant cinnamyl alcohol), with a 3‐fold specific activity. Notably, the cinnamaldehyde reduction was for the first time performed at 800 mM (~100 g L−1) with full conversion, which opens up new avenues to industrial applications of hydrophobic DESs for enzyme catalysis.
Design and Application of Real‐Time and High‐Precision Seismic Acquisition Station in Antarctic Region
Authors: Zhang Jinhang , Wang Yongqing , Zhou Keyu , Lin Zucan , Zhang Qisheng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, a polar seismic acquisition station based on the FPGA + ARM architecture was successfully developed. This system can achieve real‐time multifunctional acquisition and transmission of seismic signals and environmental information in the extreme low‐temperature environment of Antarctica at −40°C. The system adopts a modular design, with high‐precision data acquisition encoded by the main controller and uploaded to the host computer in real‐time. Integrated display controls enable real‐time data display and acquisition station location mapping for user interaction. We propose improving data transmission in traditional seismic acquisition stations by adopting a distributed computing model with data segment return. Integrating the first arrival picking algorithm as an IP core will reduce computational demands on the data processing center. This acquisition system features high precision (24‐bit), a wide dynamic range (> 130dB), low noise (0.5 V rms@40dB), and high‐precision timing control (200 ns). It supports real‐time wireless data transmission over 120 channels up to 1 km. The system also implements a self‐storage plus wired and wireless networking solution, allowing flexible networking based on actual needs. Test results indicate that the ice sheet thickness at the acquisition site is approximately 526.49 m, validating the experimental design's effectiveness and providing technical support for subsequent drilling and seismic exploration.
Mitigating the Impact of Lognormal Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Estimation on FSO Communication Systems Using Advanced Deep Learning Modules
Authors: Kavitha M. R. , Geetha M. R. , Rajesh T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCurrently, researchers and commercial entities worldwide are highly interested in optical wireless communication links operating in terrestrial environments. These links offer the distinct advantage of enabling high‐speed data transmission while keeping operational and installation costs low, all without requiring licensing. Free‐space optical (FSO) communication has established itself as a reliable method for delivering ultra‐high data‐rate services. However, the presence of atmospheric turbulence‐induced fading poses a significant challenge for FSO communication systems, particularly when operating over channels affected by time‐varying turbulence. The effectiveness of FSO systems is greatly influenced by atmospheric conditions in a specific area because the laser beam propagates through the atmosphere. As a consequence, this can lead to a significant degradation such as high complexity, high estimation error, and high bit error rate (BER) in the performance of FSO systems. This paper presents a stacked dual attention LSTM network with layered neural Turing machine (SDALSTM‐LaNTM) for FSO channel estimation over lognormal turbulence‐induced fading channels. In this approach, the stacked structure ensures a robust feature extraction capacity of SDALSTM and enhances its ability to capture intricate relationships among multiple atmospheric variables. After employing the stacked LSTM networks, the extracted features are combined with the augmented features obtained through the dual attention (DAttn) mechanism by concatenation. Then the LaNTM architecture used external memory to solve the channel parameter estimation problem and update new set of hidden features for estimation task. The ability to access and update memory enables the model to capture long‐term dependencies and context, making it beneficial for channel prediction in FSO systems. Presently, we are in the process of verifying the channel estimation model using measured FSO channel data. Simulation results clearly demonstrate the outstanding estimation performance of the SDALSTM‐LaNTM model in FSO systems, specifically when dealing with lognormal turbulence‐induced fading channels. Moreover, we highlight the effectiveness of the SDALSTM‐LaNTM model by conducting a comprehensive comparison with existing models, considering factors such as average capacity performance, outage probability estimation, and BER.
Ground vibration isolation using mass scatters: A comparative study with trench barriers and wave‐impeding blocks
Authors: Mhanna Mohannad , Sabaa Majeed R. , Mahdi Hayder A. , Karkush Mahdi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTraffic‐induced ground vibrations cause significant problems for residents and nearby structures. Reducing the effect of these vibrations on the neighboring environment is a key challenge, particularly in urban areas. This study presents both numerical and experimental investigations of the performance of mass scatters for screening ground vibrations. A three‐dimensional numerical model is validated and extended to conduct a comparative study on the efficiency of three geotechnical methods of isolation. These methods include trench barriers, wave‐impeding blocks (WIBs), and mass scatters. The results showed that mass scatters represent an efficient way of scattering ground vibrations, and their efficiency is mainly related to the weights of mass scatters and their natural frequency, which control the dynamic soil response in the frequency domain. Rigid trench barriers are less effective than soft ones, and their efficiency is more pronounced regarding the WIB. Soft barriers with a depth of an order of half of the wavelength can decrease the vibration levels by up to 50%, which is comparable to the performance of enormous mass scatters. The dimensions of WIBs must be chosen according to the wavelength of incident waves and the cutoff frequency of the topsoil layer. Considering the significant wavelength of traffic‐induced vibration, the use of trench barriers or WIBs becomes impractical and expensive; therefore, mass scatters appear to be an efficient and practical solution.
The Causal Role of Thyroid Hormones in Bipolar Disorders: A Two‐Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Li James L. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionBipolar disorder is a complex psychiatric condition with distinctions between clinical subtypes including Type 1 and 2 disorders. Several studies have proposed that thyroid hormones may be involved in the aetiology of bipolar disorders.MethodsThis study employed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate the causal relationships between six thyroid hormone metrics (TSH, FT4, FT3, TT3, FT3/FT4 and TT3/FT4) and bipolar disorder and Type 1 and 2 disorders, separately. Genome‐wide association (GWAS) data from the ThyroidOmics Consortium (up to 271,040 individuals of European ancestry) were used for thyroid function metrics. Bipolar disorder GWAS data included 41,917 cases and 371,549 controls (25,060 Type 1 and 6,781 Type 2 cases). We applied inverse variance weighted (IVW) methods for primary MR analysis, with MR Egger, weighted median and weighted mode for sensitivity. Additional tests assessed horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity.ResultsHigher FT4 levels showed a protective causal effect against bipolar disorder (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.97, p = 4.58 × 10−3) and a suggestive effect on Type 1 disorders (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86–0.99, p = 3.21 × 10−2). Elevated FT3 (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03–1.35, p = 1.55 × 10−2) and FT3/FT4 ratio (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.02–3.82, p = 4.46 × 10−2) had suggestive harmful effects on Type 1 disorders. Sensitivity analyses showed consistent effects, with no significant horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the protective role of FT4 and the potentially harmful effect of elevated FT3 in Type 1 bipolar disorder, highlighting the need for further research on thyroid hormone levels as a potential treatment strategy for Type 1 bipolar disorder.
Scaling Effects of the Weissenberg Number in Electrokinetic Oldroyd‐B Fluid Flow Within a Microchannel
Authors: Mukherjee Satwik , Pal Sanjib Kr , Gopmandal Partha P. , Sarkar Sankar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study attempts to extend previous research on electrokinetic turbulence (EKT) in Oldroyd‐B fluid by investigating the relationship between the Weissenberg number () and the second‐order velocity structure function () under applied electric fields. Inspired by Sasmal's demonstration in Sasmal (2022) of how heterogeneous zeta potentials induce turbulence above a critical , we develop a mathematical framework linking to turbulent phenomena. Our analysis incorporates recent findings on AC (Zhao & Wang, 2017) and DC (Zhao & Wang 2019) EKT, which have defined scaling laws for velocity and scalar structure functions in the forced cascade region. Our finding shows that and , for a length scale , and , where is a velocity fluctuations quantity and denotes the time relaxation parameter. This work establishes a positive correlation between and turbulent flow phenomena through a rigorous analysis of velocity structure functions, thereby offering a mathematical foundation for building the design and optimization of EKT‐based microfluidic devices.
Experimental Study on Quick‐Locking Reinforcement Model for Local Defects in Pipelines in the Rich Water Area
Authors: Luo Zhicheng , Yan Xuefeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe management of local defects in municipal pipelines in water‐rich areas remains a significant challenge, particularly under high‐pressure conditions. This study investigates the performance of quick‐lock steel sleeves as a trenchless repair method through full‐scale experiments on five different pipeline diameters. The experiments focus on the failure modes and critical buckling pressure of the sleeves under external pressure. A novel design model based on structural reliability theory was developed and validated against experimental results. The results show a close match between the calculated and experimental buckling pressures, with a ratio ranging from 0.87 to 1.15. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and application of quick‐lock sleeves in high‐pressure municipal networks. This study contributes to improving the reliability and effectiveness of pipeline repair technologies, offering practical solutions for addressing pipeline leakage and instability in challenging environments.
Brain temperature, brain metabolites, and immune system phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Mueller Christina , Hong Huixian , Sharma Ayushe A. , Qin Hongwei , Benveniste Etty N. , Szaflarski Jerzy P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpileptogenesis is linked to neuroinflammation. We hypothesized that local heat production caused by neuroinflammation can be visualized non‐invasively in vivo via brain magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and MRSI‐thermometry (MRSI‐t) and that there is a relationship in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) between MRSI‐t and brain metabolites choline and myo‐inositol and between neuroimaging and cellular and serum biomarkers of inflammation.MethodsThirty‐six (36) participants, 18 with temporal lobe epilepsy (13 females) and 18 age‐matched healthy controls (nine females), were enrolled prospectively and underwent MRSI/MRSI‐t; TLE participants also provided blood samples. Temperature was measured using creatine as a reference metabolite. Analysis of Functional NeuroImages 3dttest++ tool was used to analyze voxel‐level group differences in temperature, choline, and myo‐inositol. Associations with immune cell subsets, cytokines, and chemokines related to inflammation were quantified using correlation coefficients with significant relationships as noted.ResultsPatients with TLE showed elevated temperature, choline, and myo‐inositol in the temporal lobes. Higher brain temperature was associated with higher levels of cytokines and chemokines, including GM‐CSF, TNF, IL‐1β, and IL − 12p70, and lower frequency of immune cells including CD3+ T‐cells, CD4+ T‐cells, CD8+ T‐cells, and classical monocytes. Higher choline was associated with higher levels of the cytokines including LT‐α, IL‐13, and IL‐4, and higher myo‐inositol was associated with a higher frequency of CD4+ T‐cell and CD19+ B‐cell subsets and higher levels of cytokines and chemokines including LT‐α, IL‐13, and CCL3.SignificanceThis study, for the first time, showed that in temporal lobes of patients with TLE temperature and metabolite changes correlate with cellular and serum biomarkers of inflammation. Our results provide support for further development of MRSI‐t as a measure of neuroinflammation in epilepsy and potentially other neurological disorders and as an investigative and clinical tool.Plain Language SummaryNeuroinflammation is associated with excessive heat production which can be visualized with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and thermometry (MRSI‐t). We prospectively investigated the relationship between MRSI‐t and cellular and serum measures of peripheral inflammation in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); we compared the results of MRSI‐t in patients with TLE to healthy controls. We showed a relationship between the temperature elevations in TLE and elevations of various measures of peripheral inflammation. Our results support further development of MRSI‐t as a measure of neuroinflammation in epilepsy and potentially other neurological disorders and as an investigative and clinical tool.
The constraints of sedimentary environment on the evolution of bauxite reservoir characteristics within the benxi formation in the Linxing area, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Yuan Yin , Fu Haijiao , Yan Detian , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe breakthrough of bauxite natural gas in the Taiyuan Formation in the Longdong area of the Ordos Basin makes bauxite natural gas gradually become a new exploration direction. However, the complex sedimentary conditions and diverse developmental strata of the Linxing region present difficulties for the exploration of bauxite gas. In this research, samples of bauxite cores from significant drilling sections in the Linxing area were obtained for comprehensive geochemical, mineralogical, and pore structure analysis. This study investigates the impact of sedimentary environments on the physical properties of bauxite reservoirs within the Benxi Formation, focusing on lithofacies categorization, mineral composition, and pore structure. This study established a lithofacies categorization system that iron minerals, aluminum minerals + titanium minerals, clay minerals as three end‐member components. The study identified four lithofacies types: pure bauxite, clayey bauxite, mixed bauxite, and bauxite mudstone. According to geochemical analysis, the bauxite rock in the study area is deposited in a semi‐enclosed bay with terrestrial freshwater input. The physical properties of bauxite reservoir in the study area are relatively poor, among which the physical properties of bauxite reservoir are the best. Authigenic minerals like pyrite are often filled in dissolution pores. The constraint of sedimentary environment on bauxite reservoir is mainly manifested as the influence on the formation of diaspore mineral framework, and its acidity and alkalinity are very important for the formation of diaspore. Hence, diaspore commonly forms in the shallow lake environments characterized by pure bauxite rock, exhibiting favorable reservoir conditions. This research examines the impact of mineral composition on bauxite reservoirs through the lens of lithofacies and sedimentary environments. The variations in bauxite rock reservoirs across distinct sedimentary environments have been elucidated. It provides a new guidance for the exploration of natural gas in Benxi Formation bauxite in Ordos Basin.
Evaluation of the potential power generation resources in SAARC region for sustainable energy trade
Authors: Rafique Usman , Zidan Hasan A. , Azeem Fawad , Amir Sarang , Manzoor Tareq , Manzoor Habib Ullah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article presents a comprehensive review on the contemporary condition of electrical energy in the SAARC countries with particular focus on conventional as well as renewable resources. The region lies at the center of the Asia with a dense population where demand and supply gap has always been a challenging factor for the governments. In addition, the region has observed enormous industrial growth during past two and half decades whose sustainability is totally dependent upon the continuous supply of energy. A bulk of valuable literature has been published in recent years that addresses the challenges, infrastructure improvements margins and several schemes to mitigate the energy deficiency in the region but most of it focuses upon either generation or transmission. This article covers this gap and presents to‐the‐point data that can be used for future forecasting, cross‐border trade possibilities and indigenous energy generation for remote and islanded regions within and across the SAARC mainland. A detailed review on electrical power generation potential by exploiting the renewable energy resources (RERs), generation capacity, installed capacity, energy short fall and transmission and distribution (T&D) losses is presented for each SAARC country and the results are presented in forms of tables and graphs. It can be inferred from the data presented in this paper that the energy crisis of the SAARC region can be overcome by mutual trade among the land‐connected countries by transporting the electrical energy, generated through RERs, across the borders. The paper concludes that the region has enormous potential for renewable energy available in form of hydal, solar, wind and biomass that, if maturely harnessed, can only not fulfil the local demands of the region but also be exported to establish the framework of cross‐border energy trade in future for sustainability of industrial and domestic utilization.