bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endowment of pH Responsivity to Anticancer Peptides by Introducing 2,3‐Diaminopropionic Acid Residues
Authors: Tanishiki Naoto , Yano Yoshiaki , Matsuzaki Katsumi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEndowment of pH responsivity to anticancer peptides is a promising approach to achieve better selectivity to cancer tissues. In this research, a template peptide was designed based on magainin 2, an antimicrobial peptide with anticancer activity, and a series of peptides were designed by replacing different numbers of lysine with the unnatural amino acid, 2,3diaminopropionic acid (Dap), which has a positive charge at weakly acidic pH in cancer tissues, but is neutral at physiological pH 7.4. These Dap‐containing peptides are expected to interact more strongly with tumor cells than with normal cells because 1) weakly acidic conditions form in tumors, and 2) the membrane of tumor cells is more anionic than that of normal cells. Although all examined peptides showed potent cytotoxicities to multidrug‐resistant cancer cells at a weakly acidic pH (ED50≈5 μm), the toxicity decreased with an increase in the number of Dap at pH 7.4 (8 Dap residues resulted in ED50≈60 μm). Furthermore, the introduction of Dap reduced cytotoxicity against normal cells. Thus, Dap led to significantly improved cancer targeting due to a pH‐dependent charge shift. Fluorescence imaging and model membrane experiments supported this charge‐shift model.
Real‐Time Observation of Superstructure‐Dependent DNA Origami Digestion by DNase I Using High‐Speed Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Ramakrishnan Saminathan , Shen Boxuan , Kostiainen Mauri A. , Grundmeier Guido , Keller Adrian , Linko Veikko 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDNA nanostructures have emerged as intriguing tools for numerous biomedical applications. However, in many of those applications and most notably in drug delivery, their stability and function may be compromised by the biological media. A particularly important issue for medical applications is their interaction with proteins such as endonucleases, which may degrade the well‐defined nanoscale shapes. Herein, fundamental insights into this interaction are provided by monitoring DNase I digestion of four structurally distinct DNA origami nanostructures (DONs) in real time and at a single‐structure level by using high‐speed atomic force microscopy. The effect of the solid–liquid interface on DON digestion is also assessed by comparison with experiments in bulk solution. It is shown that DON digestion is strongly dependent on its superstructure and flexibility and on the local topology of the individual structure.
Agenesis of olfactory bulbs: A forgotten diagnostic indicator of acampomelic campomelic dysplasia
Authors: Debuf Marie‐Julie , Benoit Valérie , Cassart Marie , Gajewska Kalina , Gauquier Nathalie , Meunier Colombine , Rassart Anne , Maystadt Isabelle 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCampomelic dysplasia (CD) and its variant acampomelic campomelic dysplasia (ACD) are caused by SOX9 haploinsufficiency. This gene encodes a transcription factor crucial for embryogenesis and primarily expressed in the olfactory bulbs. The detection of agenesis of olfactory bulbs could help establish a prenatal diagnosis of CD or ACD, although prevalence of this sign remains unknown.
Elucidating the K‐Edge X‐Ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure of Cobalt Carbide
Authors: Moya‐Cancino José G. , Honkanen Ari‐Pekka , van der Eerden Ad M. J. , Schaink Herrick , Folkertsma Lieven , Ghiasi Mahnaz , Longo Alessandro , Meirer Florian , de Groot Frank M. F. , Huotari Simo , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe cobalt K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure of a cobalt carbide compound, synthetized under in‐situ conditions, has been determined by using laboratory‐based and synchrotron‐based X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. We have carburized pure cobalt metal in‐situ, avoiding all adverse effects of metal‐support interactions as well as any degradation of the cobalt carbide formed. A non‐negative matrix factorization was applied to determine the features of the spectrum of cobalt carbide, highly needed to identify this phase in an unambiguous manner in cobalt‐based Fischer‐Tropsch catalysts.
Room‐Temperature Morphology‐Controlled Synthesis of Nickel and Catalytic Properties of Corresponding Ru/Ni Catalysts
Authors: Zhu Lihua , Cui Jingjing , Zhang Huan , Ruan Luna , Ma Nan , Zou Laixi , Deng Tao , Chen Bing Hui , Xiao Qiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDifferently shaped nickel crystals were obtained at ambient temperature via simple liquid chemical reduction by adding different surfactants (such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)), with hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent and ethanol as solvent. Nickel nanoparticles (NPs), thorny nickel nanowires or rose‐like nickel crystals were obtained in the synthesis process without any surfactant, with PVP or with CTAB, respectively. The corresponding ruthenium‐on‐Ni crystal supported catalysts (Ru/Ni) were synthesized through galvanic replacement. Their catalytic behavior was tested in the model reaction of the hydrogenation of benzene. The order of their catalytic activity was Ru/thorny Ni nanowire > Ru/rose‐like Ni > Ru/Ni NPs due to different shapes and structures of Ru/Ni. The Ru/thorny Ni nanowires catalyst also exhibited outstanding stability for benzene hydrogenation to cyclohexane. The as‐obtained Ni and Ru/Ni samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), SEM energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS), high‐sensitivity low‐energy ion scattering spectroscopy (HS‐LEIS), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SEM‐EDS elemental mapping, transmission electron micro‐scope (TEM), and high resolution TEM (HRTEM), to reveal their morphologies, structures and element distribution and further illustrate the intrinsic reasons for their different performance in catalyzing benzene hydrogenation.
Molecular Encapsulation of Trimeric Chromium Carboxylate Clusters in Metal–Organic Frameworks and Propylene Sorption
Authors: Sivan Sanil E. , Lee Minhui , Lee Su‐Kyung , Yoon Ji Woong , Kim Kiwoong , Hong Do‐Young , Cho Kyung‐Ho , Lee U‐Hwang , Chang Jong‐San , Jung Jaehoon , Hwang Young Kyu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOxo‐bridged trimeric chromium acetate clusters [Cr3O(OOCCH3)6(H2O)3]NO3 have been encapsulated for the first time in the mesoporous cages of the chromium terephthalate MIL‐101(Cr). The isolated clusters in MIL‐101(Cr) have increased affinity towards propylene compared to propane, due to generation of a new kind of pocket‐based propylene‐binding site, as supported by DFT calculations.
Gas Phase Formation of the Interstellar Molecule Methyltriacetylene
Authors: He Chao , Thomas Aaron M. , Galimova Galiya R. , Mebel Alexander M. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMethyltriacetylene – the largest methylated polyacetylene detected in deep space – has been synthesized in the gas phase via the bimolecular reaction of the 1‐propynyl radical with diacetylene under single‐collision conditions. The barrier‐less route to methyltriacetylene represents a prototype of a polyyne chain extension through a radical substitution mechanism and provides a novel low temperature route, in which the propynyl radical piggybacks a methyl group to be incorporated into methylated polyynes. This mechanism overcomes a key obstacle in previously postulated reactions of methyl radicals with unsaturated hydrocarbon, which fail the inclusion of methyl groups into hydrocarbons due to insurmountable entrance barriers thus providing a fundamental understanding on the electronic structure, chemical bonding, and formation of methyl‐capped polyacetylenes. These species are key reactive intermediates leading to carbonaceous nanostructures in molecular clouds like TMC‐1.
Formation and Depolymerization of Oligomers during Thermal Cracking of Silicon‐Containing Carbamates
Authors: Wang Peixue , Zhou Dawei , Fei Yuqing , Long Yan , Deng Youquan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolymerization reactions in the thermal cracking of N‐substituted carbamates to produce the corresponding isocyanates significantly reduce the yield of isocyanates and thus vastly hinder the industrial application of such non‐phosgene routes. Herein, we tried to recycle the oligomers generated during the thermal cracking of 3‐ethylcarbamatopropyltriethoxysilane (CPTS) to produce 3‐isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (IPTS). Firstly, the polymerized substrates of the pyrolysis reaction were analyzed by NMR, IR, MALDI‐TOF‐MS and TG, indicating the pyrolysis substrates were mixtures of CPTS (25 wt%), polyureas (74 wt%), imines, and other compounds (<1 wt %). The polyureas were generated by reaction of CPTS and IPTS. Then, the depolymerization of these polyureas was realized via alcoholysis in the presence of urea. It was found that the urea not only provides a carbonyl group source, but also forms hydrogen bonds with polyureas. In addition, NH3 co‐produced can also modify the reaction system microenvironment, which might be favorable for the dissociation of polyureas. With optimized conditions, more than 96 % of polymerized substrates could be reverted to CPTS for secondary cracking.
Coast to coast: High genomic connectivity in North American scoters
Authors: Sonsthagen Sarah A. , Wilson Robert E. , Lavretsky Philip , Talbot Sandra L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDispersal shapes demographic processes and therefore is fundamental to understanding biological, ecological, and evolutionary processes acting within populations. However, assessing population connectivity in scoters (Melanittasp.) is challenging as these species have large spatial distributions that span remote landscapes, have varying nesting distributions (disjunct vs. continuous), exhibit unknown levels of dispersal, and vary in the timing of the formation of pair bonds (winter vs. fall/spring migration) that may influence the distribution of genetic diversity. Here, we used double‐digest restriction‐associated DNA sequence (ddRAD) and microsatellite genotype data to assess population structure within the three North American species of scoter (black scoter,M. americana; white‐winged scoter,M. deglandi; surf scoter,M. perspicillata), and between their European congeners (common scoter,M. nigra; velvet scoter,M. fusca). We uncovered no or weak genomic structure (ddRADΦST < 0.019; microsatelliteFST < 0.004) within North America but high levels of structure among European congeners (ddRADΦST > 0.155, microsatelliteFST > 0.086). The pattern of limited genomic structure within North America is shared with other sea duck species and is often attributed to male‐biased dispersal. Further, migratory tendencies (east vs. west) of female surf and white‐winged scoters in central Canada are known to vary across years, providing additional opportunities for intracontinental dispersal and a mechanism for the maintenance of genomic connectivity across North America. In contrast, the black scoter had relatively elevated levels of divergence between Alaska and Atlantic sites and a second genetic cluster found in Alaska at ddRAD loci was concordant with its disjunct breeding distribution suggestive of a dispersal barrier (behavioral or physical). Although scoter populations appear to be connected through a dispersal network, a small percentage (<4%) of ddRAD loci had elevated divergence which may be useful in linking areas (nesting, molting, staging, and wintering) throughout the annual cycle.
A nonlinear multiple regression model of taste sensor data for components in sake
Authors: Satoh Masako , Takao Yoshifumi , Satoh Hideki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA nonlinear function that expresses the relationship between taste sensor data and components in sake was approximated using a polynomial of Legendre functions. First, the number of components in sake was reduced using principal component analysis. Second, the number of Legendre functions of the polynomial and their degrees were selected using a genetic algorithm. Third, the coefficients of the polynomial were calculated using multiple regression analysis. The approximation error was estimated using cross‐validation, and the number of Legendre functions and their degrees were optimized so as to maximize the generalization of the polynomial. As a result, sufficiently small approximation errors were obtained, and the explicit relationship between taste sensor data and components in sake was clarified using the polynomial. Furthermore, it was possible not only to confirm the taste sensor response but also to improve manufacturing processes of sake using the estimates of the variations in the taste sensor data.
Exposure to Copper Oxide Nanoparticles and Arsenic Causes Intergenerational Effects on Rice (Oryza sativa japonica Koshihikari) Seed Germination and Seedling Growth
Authors: Liu Jing , Wolfe Kyle , Cobb George P. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Offspring generation (F1) rice (Oryza sativa japonica Koshihikari) seed germination and seedling growth tests were conducted for 18 d to investigate intergenerational effects of arsenic (As) and copper oxide nanoparticles (nCuO), with seeds harvested from a life cycle study exposed to As (0 and 10 mg/kg) and nCuO (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 50, and 100 mg/L). Seed germination and seedling growth of F1 plants were influenced by treatments experienced by parent generation (F0) plants (p &lt; 0.05). Seeds produced from plants in F0 treatment with nCuO 50 mg/L had the lowest germination percentage and shortest seedling shoot length and root length in F1 control (F1C) and As at 10 mg/kg (F1As) alone treatments (p &lt; 0.05). The shoot length and root length were decreased, whereas the number of root branches was increased in F1As treatment compared with F1C (p &lt; 0.001). Interaction of As and nCuO also caused differential seed germination and seedling growth at various nCuO concentrations in quasi-F0 treatment (seeds receiving the same exposure as F0 plants; p &lt; 0.05). Copper and As uptake in F1C seedlings were not affected by seeds’ F0 exposure; this indicated that the transgenerational effects on rice seedling growth were not dependent on total Cu or As uptake in seedlings. The enhanced effects on seedlings from quasi-F0 treatment were influenced by additional exposure to nCuO and As that also interacted to affect Cu and As uptake in seedlings. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:1978–1987. © 2019 SETAC.
Abstract
The conceptual model of the experimental procedure relating both F0 test in the greenhouse and F1 test in the incubator of rice (Oryza sativa japonica “Koshihikari”) plant growth exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles (nCuO) and arsenic.
Transformation to Global Sustainability: Implications for Evaluation and Evaluators
Authors: Patton Michael Quinn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSustainability has traditionally been associated with maintaining programs and their results over time, especially after focused funding has been withdrawn. This is a static view of sustainability. With the infusion of systems thinking and complexity theory into evaluation, and in the face of climate change and the vision for the future of humanity represented by the Sustainability Development Goals, sustainability has become associated with major and rapid transformation of global systems and the resilience of transformed systems to adapt over time. This is a dynamic view of sustainability with implications for both design of transformation initiatives and evaluating them. Evaluating transformation means transforming evaluation. Evaluation for transformational sustainability treats the whole Earth as the evaluand and the future of humanity on Earth as the essential sustainability issue, and does so with a sense of urgency.
Sustainable Development Evaluation: Understanding the Nexus of Natural and Human Systems
Authors: Uitto Juha I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnvironmental threats continue to pose fundamental challenges to the ecosystems that support human life and societies, as demonstrated by the 2018 special report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Sustainable development has three closely interlinked dimensions: social, economic, and environmental. The evaluation profession has focused primarily on the first two, while largely neglecting the environmental dimension, which is fundamental to achieving social and economic goals. As progress in moving toward sustainable development rests on the foundation of natural resources and environment, evaluation cannot continue ignoring them. Evaluating at the nexus of natural and human systems requires approaches and skillsets that encompass both domains, taking into account their differing geographic and time scales. This article draws upon the work carried out by the Global Environment Facility Independent Evaluation Office in evaluating environmental programs and projects in developing countries. The experiences highlight the need for understanding the complex dynamic systems in which the interventions operate and interact. Theory‐based evaluations must incorporate the broader system and not be constrained to the internal logic of the intervention. The article also makes the case for mixed methods approaches and methods that can be tailored to answer various types of evaluation questions. This leads to the need for multidisciplinary teams to evaluate at the nexus of environment and development.
Sustainability‐Ready Evaluation: A Call to Action
Authors: Rowe Andy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEvaluation is at the cusp of two urgent challenges: indigenous evaluation and sustainability. How we respond to these challenges can dramatically affect the future of evaluation. A sustainability‐ready evaluation will be transformative. It will be an evaluation that recognizes that human and natural systems are coupled, and that evaluation portfolios are now and will increasingly be affected by our connections to natural system forces including climate. Sustainability‐ready evaluation will be an evaluation that reaches well past the intervention to important public policy goals and to key sustainability challenges. Evaluating coupled human and natural systems will be challenging. Fortunately, technical barriers do not prevent us from starting to infuse sustainability into evaluation; the barriers are social and associated with the worldview and vision of evaluation. To facilitate the development of sustainability‐ready evaluation, this paper provides an initial checklist and references to useful resources. Absent transformations to become sustainability‐ready evaluation will lack relevance for many of the current and future key issues of our times. Fields lacking relevance are themselves not sustainable.
Explicit Finite Element Models Accurately Predict Subject-Specific and Velocity-Dependent Kinetics of Sideways Fall Impact
Authors: Fleps Ingmar , Guy Pierre , Ferguson Stephen J , Cripton Peter A , Helgason Benedikt 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The majority of hip fractures in the elderly are the result of a fall from standing or from a lower height. Current injury models focus mostly on femur strength while neglecting subject-specific loading. This article presents an injury modeling strategy for hip fractures related to sideways falls that takes subject-specific impact loading into account. Finite element models (FEMs) of the human body were used to predict the experienced load and the femoral strength in a single model. We validated these models for their predicted peak force, effective pelvic stiffness, and fracture status against matching ex vivo sideways fall impacts (n = 11) with a trochanter velocity of 3.1 m/s. Furthermore, they were compared to sideways impacts of volunteers with lower impact velocities that were previously conducted by other groups. Good agreement was found between the ex vivo experiments and the FEMs with respect to peak force (root mean square error [RMSE] = 10.7%, R2 = 0.85) and effective pelvic stiffness (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 12.9%). The FEMs were predictive of the fracture status for 10 out of 11 specimens. Compared to the volunteer experiments from low height, the FEMs overestimated the peak force by 25% for low BMI subjects and 8% for high BMI subjects. The effective pelvic stiffness values that were derived from the FEMs were comparable to those derived from impacts with volunteers. The force attenuation from the impact surface to the femur ranged between 27% and 54% and was highly dependent on soft tissue thickness (R2 = 0.86). The energy balance in the FEMS showed that at the time of peak force 79% to 93% of the total energy is either kinetic or was transformed to soft tissue deformation. The presented FEMs allow for direct discrimination between fracture and nonfracture outcome for sideways falls and bridge the gap between impact testing with volunteers and impact conditions representative of real life falls. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
β‐Adrenoceptor signaling regulates proliferation and contraction of human bladder smooth muscle cells under pathological hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Lai Junyu , Ai Jianzhong , Luo Deyi , Jin Tao , Liao Banghua , Zhou Liang , Feng Shijian , Jin Xi , Li Hong , Wang Kunjie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPartial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) promotes bladder detrusor hyperplasia, increases bladder pressure, and decreases bladder compliance. To extensively explore its underlying mechanism, our study aimed to investigate the effect of pathological hydrostatic pressure on human bladder smooth muscle cell (hBSMC) proliferation and contraction through β‐adrenoceptor (ADRB) signaling in vitro.MethodshBSMCs were subjected to pathological hydrostatic pressure (100 cm H2O) to investigate the effect of ADRBs on the proliferation and contraction of hBSMCs treated with its agonists and/or antagonists.ResultsFirstly, exposure to 100 cm H2O hydrostatic pressure significantly upregulated the expression of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) in hBSMCs at 6 hours, and promoted cell proliferation at 24 hours. When subjected to hydrostatic pressure alone, hBSMCs treated with ADRB2 and ADRB3 agonists for 6 hours inhibited α‐SMA expression compared with untreated cells. By contrast, hBSMCs treated with ADRB2 agonists for 24 hours suppressed cell proliferation compared with untreated cells. The two classical pathways of ADRB, protein kinase A (PKA), and exchange factor directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) inhibited the contraction of hBSMCs under hydrostatic pressure via regulating mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (SMAD2) activity. The proliferation of hBSMCs was mainly regulated by the EPAC pathway through extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity.ConclusionThe contraction of hBSMCs under hydrostatic pressure was regulated by ADRB2 and ADRB3 via the PKA/EPAC‐SMAD2 pathway, and the proliferation of hBSMCs was regulated by ADRB2 via the EPAC‐ERK1/2 pathway. Compared with ADRB3, ADRB2 played a predominant role under pathological hydrostatic pressure. These findings markedly uncovered the underlying mechanism of ADRBs in PBOO and provided new insights into the efficient treatment of patients with PBOO.