bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple resiliency metrics reveal complementary drivers of ecosystem persistence: An application to kelp forest systems
Authors: Arroyo‐Esquivel Jorge , Adams Riley , Gravem Sarah , Whippo Ross , Randell Zachary , Hodin Jason , Galloway Aaron W. E. , Gaylord Brian , Baskett Marissa L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman‐caused global change produces biotic and abiotic conditions that increase the uncertainty and risk of failure of restoration efforts. A focus of managing for resiliency, that is, the ability of the system to respond to disturbance, has the potential to reduce this uncertainty and risk. However, identifying what drives resiliency might depend on how one measures it. An example of a system where identifying how the drivers of different aspects of resiliency can inform restoration under climate change is the northern coast of California, where kelp experienced a decline in coverage of over 95% due to the combination of an intense marine heat wave and the functional extinction of the primary predator of the kelp‐grazing purple sea urchin, the sunflower sea star. Although restoration efforts focused on urchin removal and kelp reintroduction in this system are ongoing, the question of how to increase the resiliency of this system to future marine heat waves remains open. In this paper, we introduce a dynamical model that describes a tritrophic food chain of kelp, purple urchins, and a purple urchin predator such as the sunflower sea star. We run a global sensitivity analysis of three different resiliency metrics (recovery likelihood, recovery rate, and resistance to disturbance) of the kelp forest to identify their ecological drivers. We find that each metric depends the most on a unique set of drivers: Recovery likelihood depends the most on live and drift kelp production, recovery rate depends the most on urchin production and feedbacks that determine urchin grazing on live kelp, and resistance depends the most on feedbacks that determine predator consumption of urchins. Therefore, an understanding of the potential role of predator reintroduction or recovery in kelp systems relies on a comprehensive approach to measuring resiliency.
Attenuated asymmetry of above‐ versus belowground stoichiometry to a decadal nitrogen addition during stand development
Authors: Ning Shijie , He Xinru , Ma Tian , Yan Tao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeciphering the linkage between ecological stoichiometry and ecosystem functioning under anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is critical for understanding the impact of afforestation on terrestrial carbon (C) sequestration. However, the specific changes in above‐ versus belowground stoichiometric asymmetry with stand age in response to long‐term N addition remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated changes in stoichiometry following a decadal addition of three levels of N (control, no N addition; low N addition, 20 kg N ha−1 year−1; high N addition, 50 kg N ha−1 year−1) in young, intermediate, and mature stands in three temperate larch plantations (Larix principis‐rupprechtii) in North China. We found that low N addition had no impact on both above‐ (leaf and litter) and belowground (soil and microbe) stoichiometry. In contrast, high N addition resulted in significant asymmetry in above‐ versus belowground stoichiometry, which then diminished during stand development. Following 10 years of N inputs, the young and intermediate plantations transitioned from a state of relative N limitation to co‐limitation by both N and phosphorus (P), whereas the mature plantation continued to experience relative N limitation. Conversely, soil microorganisms exhibited relative P limitation in all three plantations. Broader niche differentiation (N limitation for trees, but P limitation for microorganisms) under long‐term N input may have been responsible for the faster attainment of stoichiometric homeostasis in mature plantations than in young plantations. Our findings provide stoichiometric‐based insight into the operating mechanisms of large C sinks in young forests, particularly above‐ versus belowground C stock asymmetry, and highlight the need to consider the role of flexible stoichiometry when forecasting future forest C sinks.
Morin Improves the Bone Histomorphology and Biochemical Markers in an Animal Model of Ovariectomy‐Induced Osteoporosis by Suppressing Autophagy and Apoptosis
Authors: Jiang Nan , Qi Bo , Li Gang , Yao Ling , Fan Xinyu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis (OP) is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease and an important postmenopausal consequence. This study aimed to investigate the effects of morin, a flavonoid with beneficial properties, on ovariectomy‐induced OP. Animals were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with different doses of morin (15, 30, and 45 mg/kg/day) or estradiol (10 μg/kg/day) for 10 weeks by gavage. Then bone histo‐stereology, bone‐related biochemical indicators, and gene and protein levels of autophagy and apoptosis‐related markers were analyzed. In comparison to controls, OVX significantly decreased the number of osteoblasts (5.78 × 106 vs. 1.66 × 106) and osteocytes (32.55 × 106 vs. 11.92 × 106), whereas increasing the number of osteoclasts (83.38 × 103 vs. 392.1 × 103). Moreover, OVX caused a remarkable decrease in bone structures and Ca, P, and estradiol levels while increasing ALP and OC (p < 0.001). The administration of 45 mg/kg/day morin restored the effects of OP on bone histomorphology and biochemical markers (p < 0.05). Further studies revealed that morin caused a 7.1% and 36.6% decrease in the bone level of LC3 and BECN1 proteins, respectively, compared to the OVX group. Also, morin caused a significant decrease of 47.4% in the CASP3 level and a significant increase of 23.6% in the BCL‐2 level compared to OVX animals (p < 0.001). The present findings showed that morin is potentially able to improve the bone‐related histomorphological and biochemical changes caused by osteoporosis, which is probably attributed to the suppression of apoptosis‐ and autophagy‐caused cell death.
The alterations of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the energy landscape of resting‐state networks differ across the human cortex
Authors: Fan Liming , Su Chunwang , Li Youjun , Guo Jinjia , Huang Zi‐Gang , Zhang Wenlong , Liu Tian , Wang Jue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a promising intervention tool for the noninvasive modulation of brain activity and behavior in neuroscience research and clinical settings. However, the resting‐state dynamic evolution of large‐scale functional brain networks following rTMS has rarely been investigated. Here, using resting‐state fMRI images collected from 23 healthy individuals before (baseline) and after 1 Hz rTMS of the left frontal (FRO) and occipital (OCC) lobes, we examined the different effects of rTMS on brain dynamics across the human cortex. By fitting a pairwise maximum entropy model (pMEM), we constructed an energy landscape for the baseline and poststimulus conditions by fitting a pMEM. We defined dominant brain states (local minima) in the energy landscape with synergistic activation and deactivation patterns of large‐scale functional networks. We calculated state dynamics including appearance probability, transitions and duration. The results showed that 1 Hz rTMS induced increased and decreased state probability, transitions and duration when delivered to the FRO and OCC targets, respectively. Most importantly, the shortest path and minimum cost between dominant brain states were altered after stimulation. The absolute sum of the costs from the source states to the destinations was lower after OCC stimulation than after FRO stimulation. In conclusion, our study characterized the dynamic trajectory of state transitions in the energy landscape and suggested that local rTMS can induce significant dynamic perturbation involving stimulated and distant functional networks, which aligns with the modern view of the dynamic and complex brain. Our results suggest low‐dimensional mapping of rTMS‐induced brain adaption, which will contribute to a broader and more effective application of rTMS in clinical settings.
Development and Evaluation of a Convolutional Neural Network for Microscopic Diagnosis Between Pleomorphic Adenoma and Carcinoma Ex‐Pleomorphic Adenoma
Authors: Sousa‐Neto Sebastião Silvério , Nakamura Thaís Cerqueira Reis , Giraldo‐Roldan Daniela , dos Santos Giovanna Calabrese , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , de Cáceres Cinthia Verónica Bardález López , Rangel Ana Lúcia Carrinho Ayroza , Martins Manoela Domingues , Martins Marco Antonio Trevizani , Gabriel Amanda De Farias , Zanella Virgilio Gonzales , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Lopes Marcio Ajudarte , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Araújo Anna Luíza Damaceno , Moraes Matheus Cardoso , Vargas Pablo Agustin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo develop a model capable of distinguishing carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma from pleomorphic adenoma using a convolutional neural network architecture.Methods and ResultsA cohort of 83 Brazilian patients, divided into carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma (n = 42) and pleomorphic adenoma (n = 41), was used for training a convolutional neural network. The whole‐slide images were annotated and fragmented into 743 869 (carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenomas) and 211 714 (pleomorphic adenomas) patches, measuring 224 × 224 pixels. Training (80%), validation (10%), and test (10%) subsets were established. The Residual Neural Network (ResNet)‐50 was chosen for its recognition and classification capabilities. The training and validation graphs, and parameters derived from the confusion matrix, were evaluated. The loss curve recorded 0.63, and the accuracy reached 0.93. Evaluated parameters included specificity (0.88), sensitivity (0.94), precision (0.96), F1 score (0.95), and area under the curve (0.97).ConclusionsThe study underscores the potential of ResNet‐50 in the microscopic diagnosis of carcinoma ex‐pleomorphic adenoma. The developed model demonstrated strong learning potential, but exhibited partial limitations in generalization, as indicated by the validation curve. In summary, the study established a promising baseline despite limitations in model generalization. This indicates the need to refine methodologies, investigate new models, incorporate larger datasets, and encourage inter‐institutional collaboration for comprehensive studies in salivary gland tumors.
Concurrent Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Bisphosphonate‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Maxilla: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Yoon Michelle , Ramirez Ricardo , Yun Jun , Wiedmer Christina , Brandwein‐Weber Margaret , Khorsandi Azita S. , Buchbinder Daniel , Khan Mohemmed N. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionBisphosphonates (BPs) are widely used for osteoporosis and cancer‐induced bone diseases due to their antiresorptive properties, yet they pose risks such as medication‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ).MethodsWe present a unique case of concurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and MRONJ in a 72‐year‐old female chronically treated with oral ibandronate for osteoporosis. Following a dental extraction, she developed a nonhealing wound in the maxilla. Following conservative treatment, the patient underwent a maxillectomy and extensive tissue reconstructions to control her infection and address suspicions of an underlying malignancy.ResultsHistopathological examinations confirmed simultaneous osteonecrosis and well‐differentiated SCC in the maxillary sinus and surrounding tissues. Despite multiple surgeries, the patient's disease progressed rapidly. Upon examining the literature for patients with a history of BP use diagnosed with MRONJ and/or SCC, a total of 16 cases report a diagnostic dilemma between MRONJ and locoregional SCC. Three of the 16 cases report a final diagnosis of concurrent MRONJ and SCC. This report is the fourth reported case of concurrency to date.ConclusionsThe patient's complex clinical course underscores the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic dilemmas in managing concurrent MRONJ and SCC, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring and interdisciplinary collaboration in similar cases.
Vital Predictive and Prognostic Roles of Triglyceride‐Glucose Index in Women With Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Qiu Xiao‐xia , Chen Yong‐li , Wang Xin‐kang , Wang Re‐hua 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsAs a biomarker of insulin resistance (IR) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the triglyceride‐glucose index (TyG index) has received significant attention. However, most research on AMI has focused on male patients, as it is traditionally believed to primarily affect males. Therefore, this study was conducted on a female population with AMI to investigate the potential correlation between the TyG index and their outcomes.MethodsA total of 320 women who were admitted to Fujian Provincial Hospital for AMI between January 2017 and December 2019 were included in this study. The TyG index was calculated using the following formula: ln [fasting triglycerides (TG) (mg/dL) × fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (mg/dL)/2]. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), which included all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, repeat revascularization, rehospitalization for heart failure and stroke. The association between the TyG index and unfavorable outcomes in female patients was investigated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsIt was ultimately estimated that 111 patients developed MACCEs. Females with high TyG indices had a higher prevalence of diabetes, elevated heart rates, and hemoglobin A1c, as well as a higher likelihood of undergoing thrombus aspiration and stent placement. The TyG index was found to be positively correlated with the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and damaged vessels. However, this correlation was modest, yet statistically significant. Furthermore, after adjusting for conventional risk factors, the TyG index (HR: 4.292, 95% CI: 2.784–6.616, p < 0.001) was independently associated with MACCEs.ConclusionAs an independent risk predictor, the TyG index has the potential to enhance clinical outcomes for women with AMI.
Association Between Systemic Immune‐Inflammation Index and Psoriasis, Psoriasis Comorbidities, and All‐Cause Mortality: A Study Based on NHANES
Authors: Zhao Yang , Bai Yan Ping , Li Lin Feng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and psoriasis and its prognosis is not yet clear. In this study, the correlation between SII and psoriasis, psoriasis comorbidities, and all‐cause mortality was investigated based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsThe study population was derived from five NHANES cycles: 2003–2006, 2009–2014, and survival follow‐up was as of December 31, 2019. The association between SII and psoriasis and its comorbidities was analyzed using weighted multivariate logistic regression models. Weighted COX regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Restricted cubic spline, subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also used. Logarithmic conversion was performed on SII(log2SII) to reduce the impact of outliers.ResultsA total of 21,431 participants were included in this study. As a continuous variable, log2SII was significantly associated with psoriasis in the fully adjusted model [OR = 1.20(1.04–1.39), p = .01]. log2SII remained positively associated with psoriasis after excluding participants with a history of cancer or cardiovascular disease (CVD), or non‐Hispanic black participants. Among psoriasis patients, log2SII was significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) [OR = 1.68(1.19,2.38), p = .004] and all‐cause mortality [HR = 1.48(1.09,1.99), p = .01]. Similar results were consistently observed when SII was analyzed as a categorical variable (in quartiles).ConclusionThis study suggested a positive association between SII and the prevalence of psoriasis. Among psoriasis patients, SII was positively correlated with MetS and all‐cause mortality.
The Potential of Aloe Vera in Solution and in Blended Nanofibers Containing Poly (3‐Hydroxybutyrate‐Co‐3‐Hydroxyvalerate) as Substrates for Neurite Outgrowth
Authors: Romero‐Alemán María‐del‐Mar , Pérez‐Galván José‐Manuel , Hernández‐Rodríguez José‐Enrique , Monzón‐Mayor Maximina 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis pilot study investigated the potential of aloe vera (AV) to promote neurite outgrowth in organotypic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants (n = 230) from neonatal rats (n = 15). Using this in vitro model of acute axotomy, we assessed neurite outgrowth exceeding 1.5 times the explant diameter (viable explants) and measured the longest neurite length. These parameters were evaluated under control conditions and in cultures supplemented with commercial AV and four aligned scaffolds: poly‐L‐lactate (PLLA), polydioxanone (PDS), poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and blended PHBV/AV. After 6 days of culture, explants were immunostained using neuron‐specific marker Tuj1 and Schwann cell marker S100. Measurements were obtained with Image J software and analyzed using Jamovi 2.3. In control and AV dilution media, the study revealed radial tissue growth from the explant body with randomly oriented neurites, whereas in all scaffolds, bidirectional tissue growth occurred parallel to nanofibers. Binomial logistic regression analyses indicated that viable explants were more likely in the control group compared to PDS (p = 0.0042) and PHBV (p < 0.0001), with non‐significant differences when compared to AV dilution, PLLA, and PHBV/AV. AV dilution showed a greater association with viable explants than PLLA (p = 0.0459), while non‐significant difference was found between AV dilution and PHBV/AV. Additionally, the PHBV/AV scaffold predicted higher odds of viable explants than PLLA (p = 0.0479), PDS (p = 0.0001), and PHBV (p < 0.0001). Groups with similar probabilities of obtaining viable explants (control, AV dilution, and PHBV/AV) exhibited non‐significant differences in their longest neurite lengths. In conclusion, control, AV dilution, and PHBV/AV yielded the highest probability of developing viable explants and the longest neurite lengths. This is the first study demonstrating the direct permissiveness of AV for axonal outgrowth. Furthermore, the blended PHBV/AV scaffold showed significant potential as a suitable scaffold for axonal regrowth and Schwann cell migration, ensuring controlled tissue formation for tissue engineering applications.
Knockdown of circ_0006225 overcomes resistance to cisplatin and suppresses growth in lung cancer by miR‐1236‐3p/ANKRD22 axis
Authors: Zhong Shengyi , Li Yanxing , Zhu Xiaofeng , Li Zhenhua , Jin Chi , Zhao Yuming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCisplatin‐based chemotherapy is the mainstay of therapeutic agents for lung cancer. Hence, we investigated the role and mechanism of circ_0006225 in tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance in lung cancer. Levels of circ_0006225, microRNA (miR)‐1236‐3p and ankyrin repeat domain 22 (ANKRD22) were detected. Cell cisplatin (DDP) sensitivity and growth were determined by Cell Counting Kit‐8, cell colony formation, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, and murine xenograft assays, respectively. A high level of circ_0006225 in lung cancer tissues and cells with cisplatin resistance was observed. Circ_0006225 deletion elevated cisplatin sensitivity and constrained proliferation in DDP‐resistant lung cancer cells in vitro. Mechanistically, Circ_0006225 was confirmed to modulate ANKRD22 by sequestering miR‐1236‐3p. Furthermore, the suppressive effects of circ_0006225 downregulation on cisplatin resistance and proliferation in DDP‐resistant lung cancer cells were reversed by miR‐1236‐3p inhibition or ANKRD22 overexpression. Besides that, circ_0006225 silencing also repressed cisplatin resistance and tumor growth in lung cancer in vivo. In conclusion, knockdown of circ_0006225 restrained the growth and reduced cisplatin resistance in lung cancer by the miR‐1236‐3p/ANKRD22 axis, suggesting a better effective therapeutic target for overcoming cisplatin resistance in lung cancer patients.
Assessing the therapeutic potential of KK14 peptide derived from Cyprinus Carpio in reducing intercellular ROS levels in oxidative Stress‐Induced In vivo zebrafish larvae model: An integrated bioinformatics, antioxidant, and neuroprotective analysis
Authors: Vijayanand Madhumitha , Guru Ajay , Shaik Mohammed Rafi , Hussain Shaik Althaf , Issac Praveen Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractH2O2 is a significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) that hinders redox‐mediated processes and contributes to oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders. Oxidative stress causes impairment of cell macromolecules, which results in cell dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases are serious conditions linked to oxidative stress. Antioxidant treatment approaches are a novel and successful strategy for decreasing neurodegeneration and reducing oxidative stress. This study explored the antioxidant and neuroprotective characteristics of KK14 peptide synthesized from LEAP 2B (liver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide‐2B) derived from Cyprinus carpio L. Molecular docking studies were used to assess the antioxidant properties of KK14. The peptide at concentrations 5–45 μM was examined by using in vitro and in vivo assessment. Analysis was done on the developmental and neuroprotective potential of KK14 peptide treatment in H2O2‐exposed zebrafish larvae which showed Nonlethal deformities. KK14 improves antioxidant enzyme activity like catalase and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, it reduces neuronal damage by lowering lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide generation while increasing acetylcholinesterase activity. It improved the changes in swimming behavior and the cognitive damage produced by exposure to H2O2. To further substantiate the neuroprotective potential of KK14, intracellular ROS levels in zebrafish larvae were assessed. This led to a reduction in ROS levels and diminished lipid peroxidation. The KK14 has upregulated the antioxidant genes against oxidative stress. Overall, this study proved the strong antioxidant activity of KK14, suggesting its potential as a strong therapeutic option for neurological disorders caused by oxidative stress.