bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Utility of a Risk‐Adapted Protocol for the Evaluation of Coronary Artery Disease in Liver Transplant Recipients
Authors: Romero‐Cristóbal Mario , Mombiela Teresa , Caballero Aranzazu , Clemente Ana , Fernández‐Yunquera Ainhoa , Diaz‐Fontenla Fernando , Rincón Diego , Ripoll Cristina , Bermejo Javier , Catalina María‐Vega , Matilla Ana‐María , Ibáñez‐Samaniego Luis , Pérez‐Peña José , López‐Baena José‐Ángel , Díaz‐Zorita Benjamín , Fernández‐Avilés Francisco , Salcedo M. Magdalena , Bañares Rafael 
Published: May 2019

The prevalence and management of coronary artery disease (CAD) in liver transplantation (LT) candidates are not well characterized. The aims of this study were to evaluate the impact on clinical outcomes of a specifically designed protocol for the management of asymptomatic CAD in LT candidates and to investigate noninvasive risk profiles for obstructive and nonobstructive CAD for 202 LT candidates. Those with high baseline cardiovascular risk (CVR; defined by the presence of classic CVR factors and/or decreased ejection fraction) received coronary angiography and significant arterial stenosis and were treated with percutaneous stents. Patients were followed up after LT until death or coronary event (CE). There were 78 patients who received coronary evaluation (62 direct angiography, 14 computed tomography coronary angiography, and 2 both). Of them, 39 (50%) patients had CAD of any severity, and 6 (7.7%) had significant lesions (5 were amenable to be treated with stents, whereas 1 patient had diffuse lesions which contraindicated the LT). Insulin‐dependent diabetes was the only factor related to CAD of any severity (odds ratio, 3.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00‐11.97). A total of 69 patients (46 with coronary evaluation) received LT. The incidence of CEs and overall survival after LT were similar between patients with and without coronary evaluation. Furthermore, no differences occurred between these groups in a multivariate competing risk model (subhazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.27‐2.61; P = 0.76). In conclusion, the application of an angiographic screening protocol of CAD in a selected high‐risk Mediterranean population is safe and effective. The short‐ and medium‐term incidence rates of CEs and death after LT in this population are similar to that observed in low‐risk patients.
Highly accelerated multishot echo planar imaging through synergistic machine learning and joint reconstruction
Authors: Bilgic Berkin , Chatnuntawech Itthi , Manhard Mary Kate , Tian Qiyuan , Liao Congyu , Iyer Siddharth S. , Cauley Stephen F. , Huang Susie Y. , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Wald Lawrence L. , Setsompop Kawin 
Published: May 2019

PurposeTo introduce a combined machine learning (ML)‐ and physics‐based image reconstruction framework that enables navigator‐free, highly accelerated multishot echo planar imaging (msEPI) and demonstrate its application in high‐resolution structural and diffusion imaging.MethodsSingle‐shot EPI is an efficient encoding technique, but does not lend itself well to high‐resolution imaging because of severe distortion artifacts and blurring. Although msEPI can mitigate these artifacts, high‐quality msEPI has been elusive because of phase mismatch arising from shot‐to‐shot variations which preclude the combination of the multiple‐shot data into a single image. We utilize deep learning to obtain an interim image with minimal artifacts, which permits estimation of image phase variations attributed to shot‐to‐shot changes. These variations are then included in a joint virtual coil sensitivity encoding (JVC‐SENSE) reconstruction to utilize data from all shots and improve upon the ML solution.ResultsOur combined ML + physics approach enabled Rinplane × multiband (MB) = 8‐ × 2‐fold acceleration using 2 EPI shots for multiecho imaging, so that whole‐brain T2 and T2* parameter maps could be derived from an 8.3‐second acquisition at 1 × 1 × 3‐mm3 resolution. This has also allowed high‐resolution diffusion imaging with high geometrical fidelity using 5 shots at Rinplane × MB = 9‐ × 2‐fold acceleration. To make these possible, we extended the state‐of‐the‐art MUSSELS reconstruction technique to simultaneous multislice encoding and used it as an input to our ML network.ConclusionCombination of ML and JVC‐SENSE enabled navigator‐free msEPI at higher accelerations than previously possible while using fewer shots, with reduced vulnerability to poor generalizability and poor acceptance of end‐to‐end ML approaches.
Factors associated with overactive bladder symptom improvement after 1 year of monthly percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation therapy
Authors: Pincus Joseph , Rostaminia Ghazaleh , Chang Cecilia , Gafni‐Kane Adam , Goldberg Roger P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo investigate patient characteristics associated with overactive bladder (OAB) symptom improvement after 1 year of monthly percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) therapy.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of women who underwent PTNS for refractory OAB symptoms between January 2011 and December 2017 in our tertiary center. Patients who received 12 monthly PTNS maintenance treatments after achieving success with 12 weekly PTNS treatments were included in the study. Reports on subjective changes in urinary frequency, nocturia, and urgency urinary incontinence were submitted at each visit. Patients were categorized to symptom improve and no improve groups. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify patient characteristics that predicted symptomatic improvement.ResultsSixty‐six patients were identified. Average subjective improvement after 12 monthly sessions compared with 12 weekly sessions was 5.2% on a scale of −100% to +100%. A history of urogynecologic surgery remained a significant negative predictor of symptom change from 12 weekly sessions to 12 monthly treatment sessions (odds ratio, 0.19; P = .01).ConclusionsOAB symptoms remain relatively stable after 12 monthly treatments of PTNS, as compared with the 12‐week time point. A history of urogynecologic surgery was a negative predictor of OAB symptom improvement in patients receiving monthly PTNS for at least 12 months.
Metabolic syndrome and smoking are associated with persistence of nocturia after transurethral resection of the prostate
Authors: De Nunzio Cosimo , Tema Giorgia , Lombardo Riccardo , Cicione Antonio , Nacchia Antonio , D’Annunzio Simone , Sarchi Luca , Proietti Flavia , Brassetti Aldo , Tubaro Andrea 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between smoking, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and persistence of nocturia in patients with moderate/severe nocturia (nocturia episodes ≥2), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs), and benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).MethodsFrom 2015 onward, a consecutive series of patients with moderate/severe nocturia (nocturia episodes ≥2), LUTS, and BPE undergoing TURP were prospectively enrolled. Medical history, physical examination, and smoking status were recorded. MetS was defined according to Adult Treatment Panel III. Moderate/severe persistent nocturia after TURP was defined as nocturia episodes ≥2. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk of persisting nocturia.ResultsOne hundred two patients were enrolled with a median age of 70 years (interquartile range: 65/73). After TURP, moderate/severe nocturia was reported in 43 of 102 (42%) of the patients. Overall 40 of 102 (39%) patients presented a MetS, and out of them, 23 of 40 (58%) presented a moderate/severe persistent nocturia after TURP (
P = .001). Overall 62 of 102 (61%) patients were smokers, and out of them, 32 of 62 (52%) presented moderate/severe persistent nocturia after TURP (
P = .034). On multivariate analysis, prostate volume, MetS, and smoking were independent risk factors for moderate/severe persistent nocturia after TURP.ConclusionIn our single‐center study, MetS and smoking increased the risk of moderate/severe persistent nocturia after TURP in patients with LUTS‐BPE. Although these results should be confirmed, and the pathophysiology is yet to be completely understood, counseling smokers and MetS patients about the risk of postoperative persistent nocturia is warranted.
Robust quaternion matrix completion with applications to image inpainting
Authors: Jia Zhigang , Ng Michael K. , Song Guang‐Jing 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we study robust quaternion matrix completion and provide a rigorous analysis for provable estimation of quaternion matrix from a random subset of their corrupted entries. In order to generalize the results from real matrix completion to quaternion matrix completion, we derive some new formulas to handle noncommutativity of quaternions. We solve a convex optimization problem, which minimizes a nuclear norm of quaternion matrix that is a convex surrogate for the quaternion matrix rank, and the ℓ1‐norm of sparse quaternion matrix entries. We show that, under incoherence conditions, a quaternion matrix can be recovered exactly with overwhelming probability, provided that its rank is sufficiently small and that the corrupted entries are sparsely located. The quaternion framework can be used to represent red, green, and blue channels of color images. The results of missing/noisy color image pixels as a robust quaternion matrix completion problem are given to show that the performance of the proposed approach is better than that of the testing methods, including image inpainting methods, the tensor‐based completion method, and the quaternion completion method using semidefinite programming.
A parareal approach of semi‐linear parabolic equations based on general waveform relaxation
Authors: Li Jun , Jiang Yao‐Lin , Miao Zhen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a parareal approach of semi‐linear parabolic equations based on general waveform relaxation (WR) at the partial differential equation (PDE) level. An algorithm for initial‐boundary value problem and two algorithms for time‐periodic boundary value problem are constructed. The convergence analysis of three algorithms are provided. The results show that the algorithm for initial‐boundary value problem is superlinearly convergent while both algorithms for the time‐periodic boundary value problem linearly converge to the exact solutions at most. Numerical experiments show that the parareal algorithms based on general WR at the PDE level, compared with the parareal algorithm based on the classical WR at the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) level (the PDEs is discretized into ODEs), require much fewer number of iterations to converge.
Interpolymer association of amphiphilic diblock copolymers bearing pendant siloxane and phosphorylcholine groups
Authors: Kozuka Shohei , Kuroda Keita , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Yusa Shin‐ichi 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn this study, amphiphilic diblock copolymers (PMPCm‐PTSMn) composed of hydrophilic poly(2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) and hydrophobic poly(3‐(tris(trimethylsiloxy)silyl)propyl methacrylate) (PTSM) were prepared via RAFT‐controlled radical polymerization. The subscripts m and n represent the degrees of polymerization of the PMPC and PTSM blocks, respectively. Thus, the m/n ratio represents the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the block copolymer. We prepared PMPCm‐PTSMn with m/n ratios of 12, 1.8, and 0.3 and studied their association behaviors in water. PMPCm‐PTSMn with m/n ratios of 12 and 1.8 could dissolve in water. However, PMPCm‐PTSMn with an m/n ratio of 0.3 did not directly dissolve in water. First, PMPCm‐PTSMn with an m/n ratio of 0.3 dissolved in ethanol, whose solution was dialyzed in water to prepare the aqueous solution. The solubilizing state of these polymers in water was examined by light scattering, a fluorescence probe method, and TEM. These polymers took interpolymer aggregation state with various morphologies. The m/n ratios of 12, 1.8, and 0.3 yielded spherical shapes, cylindrical micelles, and vesicle interpolymer aggregate shapes, respectively. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1500–1507
One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzofurans via Cu–Catalyzed Tandem Sonogashira Coupling‐Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Thomas Anns Maria , Asha Sujatha , Menon Rajasree , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn efficient one‐pot strategy for the synthesis of 2‐arylbenzofuran derivatives has been achieved using a Cu‐catalyzed tandem Sonogashira coupling‐cyclization methodology. This protocol is found to be cost effective and has wide substrate scope compared to the conventional Pd‐catalyzed methods. Additionally, this protocol was successfully applied for the synthesis of the natural product Corsifuran C.
Prolinamide‐Catalysed Asymmetric Organic Transformations
Authors: Yadav Geeta Devi , Deepa  , Singh Surendra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProline was reported as an enantioselective organocatalyst for direct asymmetric aldol reaction in the early 1971 s by two independent groups of researchers and the reaction was called the Hajos‐Parrish‐Eder‐ Sauer Wiechert reaction. The breakthrough of enantioselective organocatalysis was demonstrated by List and co‐workers in 2000 for intermolecular aldol reaction between benzaldehydes and ketone using proline as a catalyst. After this report many researchers were applied the proline as a catalyst for other organic transformation. The proline has a carboxylic functional group which can easily convert to the amide and known as prolinamide. Prolinamides were found to be a better catalyst compared to proline in the most of cases. In this review article we are compiling the results of the prolinamides catalyzed asymmetric organic transformation with insight of the mechanism of catalysis.
Monolithic LaBO3 (B=Mn, Co or Ni)/Co3O4/cordierite Catalysts for o‐Xylene Combustion
Authors: Sun Xuewei , Wu Dongfang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPerovskite/perovskite‐like (LaBO3, B=Mn, Co or Ni)/Co3O4 with different morphologies were successfully integrated onto the surface of three‐dimensional (3‐D) cordierite honeycomb ceramics by two‐step combination method of hydrothermal synthesis and impregnation for the catalytic combustion of o‐xylene. The La2NiO4/Co3O4 composite exhibits a 3D hierarchical hollow microsphere construction assembled by numerous nanowires, which is different from the nanowire structure of LaMnO3.15/Co3O4 and LaCoO3/Co3O4. Compared to LaMnO3.15/cordierite, Co3O4/cordierite, LaMnO3.15/Co3O4/cordierite and LaCoO3/Co3O4/cordierite, the La2NiO4/Co3O4/cordierite catalyst possesses lower light‐off temperature and better catalytic performance. The higher catalytic activity of La2NiO4/Co3O4/cordierite catalyst may be correlated with higher specific surface area, larger oxygen storage and the synergistic effect of the La2NiO4 and Co3O4. In addition, when the perovskite‐like loading was 11.39 wt% and calcined at 600 °C for 4 hours, it exhibited the best catalytic performance for o‐xylene oxidation with 90% conversion at 299 °C. In addition, the catalyst also has good conversion stability.
2‐Amino‐5‐arylazothiazole‐Based Derivatives: In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Antioxidant Properties, and Bleomycin‐Dependent DNA Damage
Authors: Al‐Anazi Khalid M. , Mahmoud Ahmed H. , AbulFarah Mohammad , Allam Ahmed A. , Fouda Moustafa M. G. , Gaffer Hatem E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEfficient and inexpensive synthesis of 2‐amino‐5‐arylazothiazoles derivatives was made in simple steps and in good yields. Spectral and physical analyses techniques were applied to prove the structures of all synthesized analogues. It was obvious that the synthesized derivatives exhibited efficient biological activities as antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer. The antioxidant activity of the synthesized analogues was explored. In addition, the synthesized 2‐amino‐5‐arylazothiazoles were screened as cytotoxic agents against four well‐known cell lines and the results revealed potent activity of the compounds relative to the results of an antibiotic standard.
The evolution of the initial flow structures of a highly under-expanded circular jet
Authors: Zhang Huan-Hao , Aubry Nadine , Chen Zhi-Hua , Wu Wei-Tao , Sha Sha 
Published: May 2019

The three-dimensional flow characteristics of the compressible vortex ring generated by under-expanded circular jets with two typical pressure ratios, i.e. $n=1.4$ (moderate) and 4.0 (high), are investigated numerically with the use of large-eddy simulations. Our results illustrate that these two pressure ratios correspond to different shock structures (shock cell and Mach disc, respectively) within the jet. These two typical types of flow structures and characteristics are discussed and validated with experiments, and the different generation mechanisms of the secondary vortex rings are compared. Moreover, detailed information about the evolution of the secondary vortex ring, primary vortex ring and turbulence transition features, including the radial and azimuthal modes, is investigated. The geometric features and mixing effects of the jets are also explored.
Multiscale preferential sweeping of particles settling in turbulence
Authors: Tom Josin , Bragg Andrew D. 
Published: May 2019

In a seminal article, Maxey (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 174, 1987, pp. 441–465) presented a theoretical analysis showing that enhanced particle settling speeds in turbulence occur through the preferential sweeping mechanism, which depends on the preferential sampling of the fluid velocity gradient field by the inertial particles. However, recent direct numerical simulation (DNS) results in Ireland et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 796, 2016b, pp. 659–711) show that even in a portion of the parameter space where this preferential sampling is absent, the particles nevertheless exhibit enhanced settling velocities. Further, there are several outstanding questions concerning the role of different turbulent flow scales on the enhanced settling, and the role of the Taylor Reynolds number $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$. The analysis of Maxey does not explain these issues, partly since it was restricted to particle Stokes numbers $St\ll 1$. To address these issues, we have developed a new theoretical result, valid for arbitrary $St$, that reveals the multiscale nature of the mechanism generating the enhanced settling speeds. In particular, it shows how the range of scales at which the preferential sweeping mechanism operates depends on $St$. This analysis is complemented by results from DNS where we examine the role of different flow scales on the particle settling speeds by coarse graining the underlying flow. The results show how the flow scales that contribute to the enhanced settling depend on $St$, and that contrary to previous claims, there can be no single turbulent velocity scale that characterizes the enhanced settling speed. The results explain the dependence of the particle settling speeds on $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$, and show how the saturation of this dependence at sufficiently large $R_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}$ depends upon $St$. The results also show that as the Stokes settling velocity of the particles is increased, the flow scales of the turbulence responsible for enhancing the particle settling speed become larger. Finally, we explored the multiscale nature of the preferential sweeping mechanism by considering how particles preferentially sample the fluid velocity gradients coarse grained at various scales. The results show that while rapidly settling particles do not preferentially sample the fluid velocity gradients, they do preferentially sample the fluid velocity gradients coarse grained at scales outside of the dissipation range. This explains the findings of Ireland et al., and further illustrates the truly multiscale nature of the mechanism generating enhanced particle settling speeds in turbulence.
Psilocybin lacks antidepressant-like effect in the Flinders Sensitive Line rat
Authors: Jefsen Oskar , Højgaard Kristoffer , Christiansen Sofie Laage , Elfving Betina , Nutt David John , Wegener Gregers , Müller Heidi Kaastrup 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjective:Psilocybin is a serotonin receptor agonist with a therapeutic potential for treatment-resistant depression and other psychiatric illnesses. We investigated whether the administration of psilocybin had an antidepressant-like effect in a rat model of depression.Methods:Using the Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rat model of depression, we assessed the antidepressant-like effect of psilocin and psilocybin, measured as a reduction in immobility time in the forced swim test (FST). We measured locomotor activity in an open field test (OFT) to control for stimulant properties of the drugs. We performed a set of experiments to test different doses, treatment paradigms, and timing of the tests in relation to the drug administration.Results:Psilocin and psilocybin showed no effect on immobility, struggling, or swimming behaviour in the FST and no effect on locomotor activity in the OFT. FSL rats did show significantly more immobility than their control strain, the Flinders Resistant Line, as expected.Conclusion:Psilocin and psilocybin showed no antidepressant-like effect in the FSL rats, despite a positive effect in humans. This suggests that other animal models of depression and other behavioural tests may be more appropriate for translational studies in the effects of psilocybin.
The recent increase in contraceptive discontinuation in Egypt
Authors: Khalifa Mona , Abdelaziz Wafaa , Metwally Soha , Sakr Ehab 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study sought to establish whether recent changes in discontinuation of contractive use and switching in Egypt can be considered an important cause of the unexpected increase in overall fertility and slight fall in contraceptive prevalence in the country. The analysis was based on calendar data from the 2008 and 2014 Egyptian DHS. Single/multiple decrement life tables were built to calculate contraceptive discontinuation rates and examine these by reasons for discontinuation focusing on three methods: IUDs, pills and injectables. The unit of the analysis was ‘segment of use’, defined as a continuous period of use/non-use of a contraceptive method (in months). It was found that over the period 2008–2014 the rise in the ‘all method’ discontinuation rate was mainly due to the shift away from IUDs to hormonal methods, which have higher discontinuation rates. Segments of use were more likely to be discontinued for ‘method/service-related’ reasons than for ‘reduced need’ reasons. This was due to an increase in contraceptive failure and side-effect/health concerns. Also, ‘the desire to get pregnant’ increased to become the second highest reason-specific discontinuation rate. This has coincided with a recent increase in ideal family size in Egypt. About half of the women who reported discontinuing for reasons related to method/services switched to another method, while the rest became subject to the risk of an unintended pregnancy. The rate of switching, rather than stopping use, increased for IUDs, remained the same for pills and increased slightly for injectables, indicating an improvement in switching behaviour. However, a marked high percentage of switchers moved to less-effective methods. If these issues are not addressed, many women in Egypt have an unmet need for contraception, leading to an increase in unintended pregnancies. Specific interventions that would greatly benefit the family planning programme in Egypt include improvement in counselling at the time of IUD insertion and removal and the reduction in failure rates for hormonal methods.