bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological predictors of PCP in HIV-positive adults in South Africa: A matched case-control study
Authors: Wills Nicola K. , Tavares Jared , Said-Hartley Qonita , Wasserman Sean 
Published: November 2024

Background: Definition of chest X-ray (CXR) features associated with laboratory-confirmed pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) among HIV-positive adults is needed to improve diagnosis in high-burden settings.Objectives: Our primary objective was to identify CXR features associated with confirmed PCP diagnosis and severe PCP (defined by hypoxia, intensive care unit referral/admission, and/or in-hospital death). We also explored the performance of logistic regression models, incorporating selected clinical and CXR predictors, for PCP diagnosis and severe PCP.Method: We conducted a case-control study involving HIV-positive adults with laboratory-confirmed PCP and a matched cohort with non-PCP respiratory presentations at regional hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa (2012–2020).Results: Records from 104 adults (52 PCP cases and 52 non-PCP controls) were included. Diffuse versus patchy ground-glass opacification was associated with increased odds of PCP diagnosis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 6.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.6–28.9, P = 0.01) and severe PCP (aOR: 4.5, 95% CI: 1.6–14.4, P = 0.008). Consolidation was associated with severe PCP (aOR: 3.3, 95% CI: 1.2–11.0, P = 0.03) as was increasing ground-glass zone involvement (aOR: 2.1 for each one-unit increase in involved zone; 95% CI: 1.4–3.2, P = 0.0004). Models incorporating hypoxia (hypoxia model) or tachypnoea (respiratory rate model) with diffuse ground-glass opacities, absence of pleural effusion or reticular/reticulonodular changes on CXR performed well in predicting PCP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.828 [hypoxia model] and 0.857 [respiratory rate model]).Conclusion: CXR evaluation alongside bedside clinical information offers good accuracy for discriminating definite PCP from other HIV-associated respiratory diseases.
The transition from graduate to professional: Developing a work identity
Authors: Mpangeva Lindelwa , De Braine Roslyn T. 
Published: November 2024

Orientation: Each year graduates exit tertiary institutions with the intention to join the job market and get an opportunity to practice their profession.Research purpose: This study was aimed at exploring the development of a work identity during the graduate-to-professional transition in the workplace.Motivation for the study: Graduate programmes are vital to the graduate-to-professional transition, as this is when a work identity forms. During this time, graduates negotiate between identities to adjust and fit into the organisation.Research approach/design and method: This study employed the qualitative research approach using a constructivist approach. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with 10 participants who had recently entered the job market. A thematic data analysis approach was employed using the data analysis software ATLAS.ti.Main findings: Graduates go through a three-phased transition during the graduate-to-professional transition. A work identity is developed as graduates get familiar with the complexities of the workplace.Practical/managerial implications: Insights into the graduate-to-professional transition as a work identity develops will enable human resource (HR) professionals to improve the recruitment process and the structure of a graduate programme. In addition, such insights will give managers an opportunity to enhance their approach to mentorship.Contribution/value-add: This study provides valuable insights for tertiary institutions and organisations to enhance the structure of developmental programmes and support to graduates. Graduates will gain insights into the workplace complexities which in turn will reduce stress and pressure.
Dietary Calcium Intake and Association with Serum Calcium in Healthy Urban North Indian Adults: The Calcium-Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study
Authors: Pal Rimesh , Bhadada Sanjay K. , Aggarwal Anshita , Kaur Amanpreet 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Data on dietary calcium intake (DCI) from healthy North Indian adults are limited. Hence, the present study aims to assess DCI in healthy community-dwelling adults residing in an affluent North Indian city and correlate with serum biochemical parameters.

Methods:
Healthy men and women were recruited from the community by door-to-door surveys. Serum total calcium, phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and iPTH were estimated. DCI was assessed by recalling the diet consumed in the previous 7 days.

Results:
A total of 291 participants were included (mean age = 39.4 ± 12.9 years). The mean (± standard deviation) and median (inter-quartile range) DCI were 392.6 ± 169.1 mg/day and 391 (274-518) mg/day, respectively. DCI was higher in men compared with women. Only 21.3% of participants had DCI more than RDA (600 mg/day). Serum calcium was found to be significantly higher across each quartile of DCI. On multiple linear regression analysis, DCI emerged as an independent positive predictor of serum total calcium.

Conclusion:
DCI is low in urban Indians. Promotion of consumption of dairy products and fortification of commonly consumed foods with calcium is needed.
Enhancing the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells by reducing spermine synthase through promoting autophagy and DNA damage
Authors: Guo Yu-Bin , Wu Yue-Ming , Lin Zhi-Zhao 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most common cancer worldwide, has increasingly detrimental effects on human health. Radiotherapy resistance diminishes treatment efficacy. Studies suggest that spermine synthase (SMS) may serve as a potential target to enhance the radiosensitivity.
AIM
To investigate the association between SMS and radiosensitivity in CRC cells, along with a detailed elucidation of the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS
Western blot was adopted to assess SMS expression in normal colonic epithelial cells and CRC cell lines. HCT116 cells were transfected with control/SMS-specific shRNA or control/pcDNA3.1-SMS plasmids. Assessments included cell viability, colony formation, and apoptosis via MTT assays, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry. Radiosensitivity was studied in SMS-specific shRNA-transfected HCT116 cells post-4 Gy radiation, evaluating cell viability, colony formation, apoptosis, DNA damage (comet assays), autophagy (immunofluorescence), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway protein expression (western blot).
RESULTS
Significant up-regulation of SMS expression levels was observed in the CRC cell lines. Upon down-regulation of SMS expression, cellular viability and colony-forming ability were markedly suppressed, concomitant with a notable increase in apoptotic indices. Furthermore, attenuation of SMS expression significantly augmented the sensitivity of HCT116 cells to radiation therapy, evidenced by a pronounced elevation in levels of cellular DNA damage and autophagy. Importantly, down-regulation of SMS corresponded with a marked reduction in the expression levels of proteins associated with the mTOR signaling pathway.
CONCLUSION
Knocking down SMS attenuates the mTOR signaling pathway, thereby promoting cellular autophagy and DNA damage to enhance the radiosensitivity of CRC cells.
Farmers’ Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Cassava Production in Akoko South West Local Government Area, Ondo State
Authors: Oluwafolakemi Ayo Olaniyan 
Published: November 2024

This study focused on the effect of farmers’ climate change adaptation strategies on cassava production in Akoko South West Local Government Area, Ondo State. A two-stage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected through a well-structured and validated questionnaire and analysed using percentages and mean statistics. Findings from the study revealed that the major climate change events noticed in the study area were high temperature (96.7%), high humidity (86.7%) and reduction in rainfall days (83.3%). Similarly, reduced use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides ( =2.50) and planting different cassava varieties ( =2.23) were the major adaptation strategies used by the cassava farmers. Farming experience (97.5%) and wealth (96.7%) were the major factors that determined farmers’ choice of adaptation strategies. Consequently, the respondents strongly agreed that their adaptation strategies have led to the timely harvest of their cassava, ( =4.53). Furthermore, a significant relationship existed between the adaptation strategies employed by the farmers and cassava production (r= 0.46, p<0.01). The study concluded that the adaptation strategies adopted by the farmers impacted cassava production. It was recommended that the climate adaptation strategies identified should be harnessed by relevant stakeholders to mitigate the effect of climate change on cassava production.
Participation of Rice Farmers in Research Outputs Dissemination Activities in Katcha Local Government Area, Niger State
Authors: Chete Ouwatoyin Bukola , Adekunle Oluwasegun Adetokunbo 
Published: November 2024

The study examined the level of rice farmers’ participation in extension activities for disseminating research outputs, analysed perceptions of the relevance and effectiveness of research outputs disseminated, and identified constraints to the dissemination of research outputs by farmers. Quantitative data were obtained from 111 rice farmers through a multistage sampling procedure. Correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between constraints to dissemination and participation in research output dissemination. The results revealed that for relevance, the response with the highest mean was “addresses specific challenges” ( =2.17±0.96). For effectiveness, the highest mean was recorded by “improved understanding of soil fertility and nutrient management” ( =2.24±1.02). Respondents mostly participated in training ( =3.94) and group meetings ( =3.87). The main constraints to dissemination were low motivation ( =3.73) and poor communication of extension programme time ( =3.73). Low motivation (r = −0.96, p = 0.00) and inadequate number of farmers as extension agents (r = −0.14, p = 0.04) had a negative significant relationship with participation. The study recommended the decentralization of extension programmes to communities to enhance farmers’ participation.
Sustainable Resource Management in an Agro-Industrial Cluster: A Case Study
Authors: Nahwani Ahmad , Soeprijanto  , Widodo Erwin 
Published: November 2024

Introduction: The challenge of water supply and sustainable energy is crucial for addressing long-term clean water and energy challenges. Moreover, there has been an increase in water and air pollution resulting from the community's activities.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate conservation strategies must be enacted to reduce dependency on clean water and energy supplies.

Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. Cost reductions, environmental sustainability, and an improved public image for understanding are context of the investigation.

Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises the case study uses a quantitative descriptive method to identify the estimated potential amount of biogas and water quality produced from tapioca and sago industrial wastewater. Data collection was carried out through the specific methods used, such as interviews, questionnaires, observations,and laboratory testing.

Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed energy generation from starch wastewater and recycled water from tapioca wastewater. The wastewater was treated in a biogas reactor as primary treatment to reduce the environmental load and produce biogas simultaneously. The wastewater recycling scheme for the tapioca industry, the quality and quantity of treated water recycled.

Research Implications: Biogas production from wastewater reduces energy costs in starch industries. Recycling wastewater saves fresh water daily for starch production. Excess methane can be used for electricity generation or distributed to the community. Implementing anaerobic reactors minimizes environmental pollution. The system boosts sustainability, lowering reliance on external water and energy sources.

Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by innovative integration of water recycling and biogas generation in starch industries. First application of CoLAR technology for energy self-sufficiency in tapioca and sago sectors. Demonstrates significant cost savings by reusing treated wastewater in production. Offers a scalable model for sustainable water and energy use in agro-industrial clusters. Contributes to reducing environmental impact through waste-to-energy conversion.
Enhancing Face Validity in Teaching Quality with Six Sigma Approach for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
Authors: Sabtu Siti Hannah , Matore Mohd Effendi Ewan Mohd , Maat Siti Mistima 
Published: November 2024

Objective: The Teacher Teaching Quality Instrument using the Six Sigma approach (T²Qi-6σ) is a new tool for assessing teaching quality in primary and secondary schools. As such, it is essential to carefully review each item in T²Qi-6σ for face validity, including an assessment of language use, sentence structure, vocabulary appropriateness, and spelling accuracy. This is useful in providing the empirical evidence for supporting sustainable development goals (SDG) initiatives specially to enhance the quality of item assessment.

Theoretical Framework: This study aims to test the face validity of T²Qi-6σ using Content Validity Ratio (CVR) analysis by Lawshe (1975). This CVR adapted to be used for face validity even the method mainly applied for establishing content validity.

Method: A total of ten assessors were selected using a purposive sampling technique consisting of six test takers and four language experts. The face validity of the T²Qi-6σ involves as many as 125 items with five primary constructs based on Six Sigma: define, measure, analyze, improve, and control.

Results and Discussion: The quantitative findings of the study indicate that the instrument demonstrates strong face validity, with 113 items meeting the minimum CVR value (N=10, CVRcritical = 0.62). Efforts have been made to enhance 12 items that initially did not meet the minimum CVR value. In total, 125 items T²Qi-6σ show great promise as a psychometric measurement tool to enhance the quality of teaching among educators.

Research Implications: T²Qi-6σ assists educators in enhancing their self-competence and teaching quality, offering benefits and implications for theory, the field of measurement, and the implementation of the Six Sigma approach in education in Malaysia.

Originality/Value: The assessment of CVR indicates that T²Qi-6σ demonstrates high face validity and suitability for use. The consensus among the panel of assessors evaluating face validity clearly demonstrates that T²Qi-6σ is appropriate and relevant for use in the study aimed at enhancing the quality of teacher instruction through the Six Sigma approach. The use of Six Sigma aims to broaden the knowledge base for quality assessment in education, which has traditionally relied on similar methods. It would be intriguing to evaluate the impact of the Six Sigma DMAIC model in the Malaysian education sector.
MANAGEMEN BLOG GEMPA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS LITERASI SD PASCA GEMPA BUMI DI KECAMATAN CUGENANG CIANJUR
Authors: Kusnandar Nandang , Sopandi Sopandi , Taufik A. Mokh. , Aisyah Ai , Susi Susi , Yoseptry Ricky , Wasliman Eva Dianawati 
Published: November 2024

Rapor pendidikan yang telah ditetapkan pemerintah sebagai standar mutu pendidikan mencakup area yang berkaitan dengan input, proses dan output pembelajaran. Dalam rapor pendidikan memuat capaian kompetensi literasi dan numerasi. Capaian literasi pada raport pendidikan sekolah dasar di Kecamatan Cugenang masih kurang. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan oleh pengawas sekolah di kecamatan Cugenang adalah melalui Blog GEMPA. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi manajemen Blog Gempa dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas literasi Sekolah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metoda kuantitatif dengan tehnik pengumpulan data wawancara, studi dokumentsi dan observasi lapangan. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian tahap Perencanaan Program terdiri dari analisis kebutuhan, analisis sumber daya, desain blog, sosialisasi dan bimbingan teknis. Pengorganisasian program memuat pembagian tugas dari kordik, pengawas, kepala sekolah, guru dan Operator sekolah. Tahap pelaksanaan dimulai dari koordinasi, sosialisasi, pendampingan, unggah hasil tulisan. Evaluasi Program memuat ketercapaian tujuan, target, sasaran, dan kendala. Kendala yang ditemui yaitu rendahnya kompetensi guru dalam penggunaan teknologi, kurangnya sarana dan prasarana, keterbatasan aplikasi Blog gempa serta jaringan internet yang masih kurang stabil. Solusi yang dilakukan oleh para pengawas bina diantaranya melakukan komunikasi kepada kepala sekolah dan guru, bimbingan dan monitoring secara periodik.
Инструменты и методы, используемые в процессе обучения волейболу
Authors: А.М. Темиржанов , М.М. Акчабаров , А.Б. Керімжанов , Т.Т. Ногайбаев 
Published: November 2024

Развитие системы образования является ключевым направлением для нашей страны. Кардинальные изменения, происходящие сегодня в системе образования и воспитания, требуют развития индивидуальных особенностей спортсмена, приобщения его к добродетели, повышения творческих способностей. Главной основой всестороннего развития спортсмена и повышения его собственного творчества являются тренировочные занятия. Увлекательное прохождение тренировочных занятий связанос постоянным поиском тренера, применением рациональных приемов, постоянным обновлением методики обучения.
The development of the education system is a key direction for our country. The cardinal changes taking place today in the system of education and upbringing require the development of individual characteristics of an athlete, his/her initiation to virtue, and the enhancement of creative abilities. The main basis for the all-round development of the athlete and increasing his own creativity are training sessions.
ҚАЗАҚСТАН РЕСПУБЛИКАСЫНДАҒЫ ІШКІ КӨШІ-ҚОН ҮДЕРІСІН ӘКІМШІЛІК ҚҰҚЫҚТЫҚ РЕТТЕУ ТЕТІКТЕРІН ҚАМТАМАСЫЗ ЕТУ ШАРАЛАРЫ
Authors: И.К. Амерханова 
Published: November 2024

В данной статье рассмотрены нормативно-правовые регулирования процесса внутренней миграции в Республике Казахстан, определены основные аспекты влияния миграции на процессы общественной жизни, обозначены принципы политики государства в области миграции. В статье рассматриваются правовые вопросы внутренней миграции в Казахстане.
Migration, legal regulation, external migration, internal migration, migration processes, sources of migration law.
Мақалада Қазақстан Республикасындағы ішкі көші-қон үдерісін құқықтық реттеудің реттеушілік және қорғаушылық сипаттамасы көрсетілген, көші-қонның қоғамдық өмір процестеріне әсер етуінің негізгі аспектілері анықталған, көші-қон саласындағы мемлекеттік саясаттың принциптері көрсетілген. Мақалада Қазақстандағы ішкі көші-қонның құқықтық мәселелері қарастырылған.
This article examines the legal framework for the process of internal migration in the Republic of Kazakhstan, defines the main aspects of the impact of migration on public life processes, and outlines the principles of state policy in the field of migration. The article examines legal issues of internal migration in Kazakhstan.
Editorial del número especial: Género, cuerpos, territorios y extractivismo
Authors: Galdames Paredes Ana María 
Published: November 2024

Este número especial se orienta a fomentar el análisis en torno a diversas manifestaciones de resistencia colectivas y sociales frente al extractivismo, en materia ambiental, particularmente en torno a las múltiples implicancias socioecológicas que genera.
The Development of Word Square Media to Teach English Vocabulary for University Students
Authors: Budiarti Desi , Suhono Suhono , A. Hasyim Umar Alfaruq , Hidayah Yayuk , Sari Yeasy Agustina 
Published: November 2024

The article discusses the development of word square media in learning vocabulary for students. RnD model of researchers according to ADDIE. This study is a data analysis technique with descriptive analysis. Used to analyze data from questionnaire calculations and the results of interviews conducted. So that the data used in the study are grouped into 2, namely qualitative and quantitative data. Then it is analyzed descriptively to determine the suitability and quality of the product developed. The results of the research conducted obtained the results that word square media in learning vocabulary in students is very feasible to use. This is evidenced by the results of media expert validation by obtaining an average percentage result of 89.23% with the criteria of "very worthy". And it is also proven by the results of media trials with 19 students with the results of the evaluation of the developed word square media obtaining an overall score percentage of 86.63% with the criteria of "very worthy". Based on the results of data acquisition, it shows that word square media in learning vocabulary in students is very feasible to be used in the process of teaching English vocabulary.
Keywords: Word Square Media, Teach Vocabulary, Development Media
EFICÁCIA, SEGURANÇA E ADESÃO DO NUSINERSEN NO TRATAMENTO DA ATROFIA MUSCULAR ESPINHAL: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Vieira Giovanna Gomes , Camponêz Thomas Erik Pissinati , Fernandes Isabella Melo , Souza Anna Gabriella Azevedo Sagário de , Bhering Carlos Alberto 
Published: November 2024

A Atrofia Muscular Espinhal (AME) é uma doença neurodegenerativa hereditária de caráter autossômico recessivo, que pode ser subdividida em cinco tipos. Ela causa uma fraqueza muscular grave e atrofia dos músculos esqueléticos, tendo um impacto muito negativo para os seus portadores. O objetivo desta revisão foi analisar o uso do medicamento nusinersen para o tratamento da AME, através da sua eficácia, efeitos adversos e adesão entre os pacientes. Foi realizada uma busca por trabalhos prévios na plataforma PubMed e BVS, e um total de 26 artigos científicos foram incluídos após a utilização dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Através dos estudos analisados foi observado que o nusinersen tem um impacto muito positivo na evolução da doença, causando uma melhora clínica na função motora e respiratória, ou então, uma estabilização da evolução. Os efeitos adversos foram mínimos, em sua maioria brandos e relacionados à punção lombar. A adesão do medicamento foi baixa, devido à complexidade do tratamento. Em conclusão, é importante a estimulação do uso do medicamento, visto que ele modifica a história natural da doença, impactando positivamente a vida destes pacientes, reduzindo complicações e evolução desfavorável da doença.