bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptable daily intake of aspartame aggravates enteritis pathology and systemic inflammation in colitis mouse model
Authors: Zhong Mengdan , Li Lifang , Liu Wenhui , Wen Wenzhi , Ma Luheng , Jin Xiaobao , Li Guoying , Yang Junhua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, a dextran sodium sulfate‐induced ulcerative colitis model in C57BL/6 mice was used to explore the effect of acceptable daily intake (ADI) of aspartame on inflammation in colonic tissues. The effects of aspartame on the inflammatory state of the colon in mice were comprehensively evaluated by comparing the body weight, colon length/colon length index, splenic index, disease activity index (DAI) score, histological activity index (HAI) score, the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, claudin‐3, and occludin, the infiltration characteristics of macrophage and neutrophil and the composition of the gut microbiota in the control group, aspartame group, ulcerative colitis model group, and aspartame + ulcerative colitis group. We demonstrated that, in a mouse model of dextran sulfate‐induced ulcerative colitis, ADI of aspartame caused a significant decrease in body weight, colon length/colon length index, DAI scores, and expression levels of the proteins claudin‐3 and occludin. Moreover, ADI of aspartame caused an increase in the splenic index, HAI scores, the levels of proinflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 both in intestinal tissue and serum and infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils in colon tissues. These results showed that ADI of aspartame promoted intestinal pathology and systemic inflammation in a mouse model of colitis.
A “WEST” Theory in the East: Decoupling and synergistic evolution of water utilization, economy, and society in China
Authors: Sun Mingsong , Song Yutong , Yan Shiling , Wang Tongzhen , Zhou Zhihao , Li Mingguang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo attain a thorough examination of the dynamic interaction mechanism between China's utilization of water resources and its economic and social development, this paper innovatively introduces a Western theoretical framework within an Eastern context. The aim is to quantify the process of decoupling and synergistic evolution from 2006 to 2020. Decoupling signifies achieving economic growth while reducing resource use or mitigating environmental impacts, whereas synergy denotes enhancing economic efficiency while contributing to environmental protection. This paper employs the Tapio elastic coefficient method to construct a decoupling model. A collaborative model, based on the entropy weight Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and weighted average methods, also assesses the organization and coordination of subsystems within the complex water‐economic‐social system. The findings reveal a strong decoupling between China's water resource management and economic and social systems, as indicated by a consistently negative decoupling index. Similarly, the economic system exhibits a degree of inefficiency influenced by factors like economic cyclicality and resource allocation. In contrast, the social system experienced a decline, particularly during the pandemic (2019–2020), leading to a social instability. This study provides valuable policy formulation and sustainable development insights, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics between water utilization, economy, and society.
FDG PET/CT in large vessel vasculitis
Authors: Singh Karan Bir , Nguyen Katherine , Sammel Anthony , Wegner Eva A , Ho Shon Ivan 
Published: October 2024

SummaryLarge vessel vasculitides (LVV) such as giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis and aortitis/periaortitis are characterised by immune‐mediated inflammation of medium to large arteries. Clinical disease manifestations can be non‐specific and diagnostic imaging plays an important role in the diagnostic pathway. In recent years, FDG PET/CT has proven to be a powerful metabolic tool that can provide a wholed body, non‐invasive assessment of vascular inflammation. This review outlines the clinical features of large vessel vasculitis and the closely related entity of polymyalgia rheumatica, summarises the evidence for FDG PET/CT in the assessment of these conditions, and provides guidance for patient preparation, image acquisition and interpretation.
Comparing the efficacy of different embolisation materials in improving pain and fertility outcomes in patients with varicoceles: A systematic review
Authors: Kasunic Daniel , Crebert Mitchell , Treacy Patrick‐Julien , Steffens Daniel , Karunaratne Sascha , Waugh Richard , Thanigasalam Ruban , Leslie Scott 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRadiological embolisation has emerged as a safe and effective alternative to surgery for varicocele treatment. While systematic reviews have compared embolisation to surgery, attempts to compare different embolisation materials have been limited. The objective was to conduct a systematic review assessing the potential benefits of combining coils with sclerosants for varicocele embolisation on fertility, pain, recurrence and complication rates in male patients, as compared to using coils alone. The search was conducted through MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL databases from inception to May 2023. Comparative studies that reported male varicocele patients treated with embolisation using either coils or coils with sclerosants were included, with primary outcomes of either fertility, pain or recurrence. Pearling of reference lists was also performed to identify additional articles. Risk of bias for each study was assessed using the Downs and Black Checklist. Overall, 21 studies (2236 patients) were included. Patients were treated with coils in 14 studies, and nine studies used coils with sclerosants. An improvement in sperm concentration and motility was identified post‐embolisation in most studies that reported these outcomes. Pregnancy and recurrence rates were comparable between the two materials. All four studies that reported pain outcomes following embolisation noted improvement in pain scores. Only one comparative study was included, for recurrence. This review has identified improvements in pain and fertility following varicocele embolisation. However, it could not be determined which material was superior due to the lack of high‐quality comparative studies in the literature.
Surgical treatment of urachal adenocarcinoma with lung metastasis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tian Yan , Ren Chao , Shi Lin , Guo Zhanlin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArising from the urachal epithelial lining, the urachal carcinoma is a rare tumor, which accounts for 0.35%–0.7% of all bladder cancers. Urachal carcinoma has a higher predilection in men with median age around 50–60 years old. The most common clinical symptom is intermittent painless gross hematuria, and less‐reported presentations include suprapubic mass, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and frequent urination. The pathological study reveals that most cases (90%) are categorized as an intestinal adenocarcinoma subtype, while other morphological variants, including mucinous, enteric, signet ring cell subtype, not otherwise specified (NOS), squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, sarcoma, small cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma, totally account for about 10%. The urachal carcinoma occurs mostly in the lower segment of urachal tube and bladder dome or anterior wall. However, due to the classically silent nature of the early lesions and high malignancy, urachal carcinoma patients are commonly diagnosed in advanced stage. Treatment modalities for local recurrence or metastatic urachal cancer include surgery and chemotherapy (cisplatin and 5‐FU based‐chemotherapy). Meanwhile, the EGFR‐, PD‐L1‐, and MEK‐targeted therapies in the metastatic urachal carcinoma cases showed satisfactory response. We presented a rare case of Sheldon stage IVB urachal adenocarcinoma with pulmonary metastasis, and the patient had no progression of disease 6 months following surgical treament without chemoradiotherapy.
Growing importance of price: Investigating food values before and during high inflation in Germany
Authors: Hempel Corinna , Roosen Jutta 
Published: October 2024

AbstractConsidering the consumption‐induced intensification of global challenges and the continuously changing consumer needs, it is important to understand the drivers of consumer food choices under external pressures. We applied best–worst scaling to elicit the relative importance of 11 food values and conducted latent class cluster analyses based on individual scores, allowing us to gain insights into distinctive consumer segments. Data were collected through online surveys of 1000 consumers in Bavaria, southern Germany, in November 2020 and November 2022. As expected, the relative importance of food value price has strongly increased during this period. Similarly, the price‐sensitive segment has become larger in 2022 than in 2020, while the societal impact‐centered segment has become much smaller in 2022. These findings call for target‐specific measures to counteract this trend of increasing price focus that challenges sustainable dietary transitions.
Gross Anatomy of the Equine Masseter Muscle: Lamination and Intramuscular Course of the N. Massetericus
Authors: Süß Franziska , Guth Sinja , Müller‐Ehrenberg Hannes , Röcken Michael , Staszyk Carsten 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe masticatory muscles of the horse are arranged in an asymmetrical pattern. Four individual muscles on the medial side of the mandible are opposed by one muscle (M. masseter) on the lateral side. However, recent studies on various herbivorous mammals indicate that the masseter muscle features a complex stratigraphic structure that might account for a functional diversity resembling an arrangement of several individual muscles. The functional consideration of the multidirectional equine masticatory movements leads to a similar hypothesis. In order to elucidate the detailed anatomy of the equine masseter muscle, eight cadaveric equine heads were dissected. Additional 29 skull specimens were assessed with regard to the masseteric attachment within the Fossa masseterica. A constant arrangement of nine individual muscular layers within the masseteric muscle was determined. The individual layers were clearly separated by tendon plates and their attachment areas at the masseteric fossa of the mandible were arranged in a constant pattern of bony ridges. With similar consistency, the main trunk of the masseteric nerve was found to run from dorsocaudal to ventrorostral: On that course, the nerve penetrated between the muscular layers from medial to lateral at constant positions. The findings of this study serve as a basis for further studies with the aim of developing biomechanical concepts of equine masticatory movement.
Prescribing patterns in people living with dementia in the community: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lau Edward Chun Yin , Jeon Yun‐Hee , Hilmer Sarah N. , Tan Edwin C. K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the prevalence of and factors associated with medication use in people living with dementia in the community.MethodsA cross‐sectional study using baseline data from a randomised controlled trial known as the Interdisciplinary Home‐bAsed Reablement Program (I‐HARP) between 2018 and 2021 in Sydney, Australia. Participants included people with mild–moderate dementia and their carers. Medication use was classified according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical codes, while potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were defined using 2019 Beer's Criteria and 2024 Australian list. Logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with use of medication classes.ResultsA total of 130 people with dementia and their carers were included. Of the people with dementia, 35% were using antidementia medication, 48% psychotropics, 76% PIMs and 65% polypharmacy (≥5 medications). Polypharmacy was associated with the use of psychotropics (adjusted OR [aOR]: 5.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94–13.39) and PIMs (aOR: 17.38, 95% CI: 5.12–59.02). Higher education level was associated with lower odds of psychotropic use (aOR: .33, 95% CI: .15–.76), and age over 80 years was associated with lower odds of antidementia medication use (aOR: .29; 95% CI: .12–.72).ConclusionsThe use of PIMs, psychotropics and polypharmacy were common in this sample of people with dementia living in the community. Associations were seen between participant characteristics and medication use. Future research should focus on reviewing PIMs and polypharmacy in people with dementia living in the community to assess the impact on health outcomes.
The prevalence of falls and associated factors in older adults of the Torres Strait
Authors: Henry Roselani , Sagigi Betty , Miller Gavin , Russell Sarah G. , Thompson Fintan , Quigley Rachel , Strivens Edward 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of falls and examine associations between falls and potential risk factors in older adults of the Torres Strait Region of Australia.MethodsTwo hundred and fifty people aged ≥45 years residing in the Torres Strait, who identified as Torres Strait Islander, Aboriginal or both, were asked whether they had sustained any falls in the past year. Associations between self‐reported falls and predictor variables were examined using logistic regression.Results21% of participants reported at least one fall; 9% reported ≥2 falls. Participants who reported any falls in the past year were more than twice as likely to have urinary incontinence and poor mobility (p < .01) compared to participants who did not report any falls.ConclusionsAround one in five respondents reported one or more falls in the past year, demonstrating that falls are a significant issue for older adults of the Torres Strait. Fall prevention strategies that are effective in other populations are likely to be beneficial to the region but need to be informed by local consultation and implemented in partnership with the people of the Torres Strait.
Predictors of wound healing after surgical deroofing in Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Authors: Pham James , Sholji Tara , Guttman Lauren , Allan Timothy , Frew John W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSurgical deroofing is an essential part of ongoing management of Hidradenitis Suppurativa, including persistent lesions non‐responsive to medical therapy. The variables associated with delayed wound healing after surgical deroofing are contradictory within the literature due to the inclusion of heterogeneous surgical intervention methods. We aimed to assess the predictors of time to wound healing after surgical deroofing in HS.MethodsPatients who underwent in‐office surgical deroofing between 2020 and 2024 at a single tertiary HS referral centre were included in analysis. Demographic, disease and blood variables were collected as per standard of care. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate correlation, with multiple regression performed to explore the interactions between variables and identify variables predictive of time to wound healing.ResultsA total of 270 individuals were included in the analysis. The median time to wound healing was 9.6 weeks with a range from 4 to 22 weeks. Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated significant differences with the log rank test when comparing biologic use versus no use, normal versus abnormal CRP and normal versus abnormal haemoglobin. Cox regression analysis identified biologic use with a significant hazard ratio compared to no biologic therapy (HR = 2.512, p < 0.0001) along with baseline CRP (HR = 0.968, p < 0.0001) and baseline haemoglobin (HR = 1.052, p < 0.001).ConclusionsTime to wound healing after in‐office deroofing can be decreased with prior biologic therapy and markers of systemic inflammation in blood are also significantly associated with delays in healing. This correlates well with the existing literature promoting concurrent medical and surgical therapy to improve patient outcomes in HS.
Blocking the HIF‐1α/glycolysis axis inhibits allergic airway inflammation by reducing ILC2 metabolism and function
Authors: Zhang Xiaogang , Liu Jingping , Li Xinyao , Zheng Guilang , Wang Tianci , Sun Hengbiao , Huang Zhengcong , He Junyu , Qiu Ju , Zhao Zhibin , Guo Yuxiong , He Yumei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe role of lung group 2 innate lymphoid cell (ILC2) activation in allergic asthma is increasingly established. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α)‐mediated glycolysis in ILC2‐mediated allergic airway inflammation remain unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of the HIF‐1α/glycolysis axis in ILC2‐mediated allergic airway inflammation.MethodsGlycolysis and HIF‐1α inhibitors were used to identify their effect on the function and glucose metabolism of mouse and human ILC2s in vivo and vitro. Blocking glycolysis and HIF‐1α in mice under interleukin‐33 (IL‐33) stimulation were performed to test ILC2 responses. Conditional HIF‐1α‐deficient mice were used to confirm the specific role of HIF‐1α in ILC2‐driven airway inflammation models. Transcriptomic, metabolic, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanism.ResultsHIF‐1α is involved in ILC2 metabolism and is crucial in allergic airway inflammation. Single‐cell sequencing data analysis and qPCR confirmation revealed a significant upregulation of glycolysis‐related genes, particularly HIF‐1α, in murine lung ILC2s after IL‐33 intranasal administration or injection. Treatment with the glycolysis inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) and the HIF‐1α inhibitor 2‐methoxyestradiol (2‐ME) abrogated inflammation by suppressing ILC2s function. Conditional HIF‐1α‐deficient mice showed reduced ILC2 response and airway inflammation induced upon IL‐33 or house dust mite (HDM) stimulation. Transcriptome and metabolic analyses revealed significantly impaired glycolysis in lung ILC2s in conditional HIF‐1α knockout mice compared to that in their littermate controls. Chromatin immunoprecipitation results confirmed the transcriptional downregulation of glycolysis‐related genes in HIF‐1α‐knockout and 2‐DG‐treated mice. Furthermore, impaired HIF‐1α/glycolysis axis activation is correlated with downregulated ILC2 in patients with asthma.ConclusionThe HIF‐1α/glycolysis axis is critical for controlling ILC2 responses in allergic airway inflammation and has potential immunotherapeutic value in asthma.
Progranulin derivative attenuates lung neutrophilic infiltration from diesel exhaust particle exposure
Authors: Lee A. Ryang , Jeong Mini , Koo Kyomoon , Kim Sin‐Jeong , Pyo Min Ju , Hong Yeeun , Ha Yura , Moon Keun‐Ai , Shim Hyun Jae , Lee Ji‐Hyang , Kwon Hyouk‐Soo , Cho You Sook 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAir pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEPs), induce respiratory disease exacerbation with neutrophilic infiltration. Progranulin (PGRN), an epithelial cell and macrophage‐derived secretory protein, is associated with neutrophilic inflammation. PGRN is digested into various derivatives at inflammatory sites and is involved in several inflammatory processes. PGRN and its derivatives likely regulate responses to DEP exposure in allergic airway inflammation.AimTo investigate the role of PGRN and its derivatives in the regulation of responses to DEP exposure in allergic airway inflammation.MethodsA murine model of allergic airway inflammation was generated in PGRN‐deficient mice, and they were simultaneously exposed to DEP followed by intranasal administration of full‐length recombinant PGRN (PGRN‐FL) and a PGRN‐derived fragment (FBAC). Inflammatory status was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histopathologic analyses. Human bronchial epithelial cells were stimulated with DEPs and house dust mites (HDMs), and the effect of FBAC treatment was evaluated by assessing various intracellular signaling molecules, autophagy markers, inflammatory cytokines, and intracellular oxidative stress.ResultsDEP exposure exaggerated neutrophilic inflammation, enhanced IL‐6 and CXCL15 secretions, and increased oxidative stress in the murine model; this effect was greater in PGRN‐deficient mice than in wild‐type mice. The DEP‐exposed mice with PGRN‐FL treatment revealed no change in neutrophil infiltration and higher oxidative stress status in the lungs. On the contrary, FBAC administration inhibited neutrophilic infiltration and reduced oxidative stress. In human bronchial epithelial cells, DEP and HDM exposure increased intracellular oxidative stress and IL‐6 and IL‐8 secretion. Decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression and increased phosphor‐p62 and LC3B expression were also observed. FBAC treatment attenuated oxidative stress from DEP and HDM exposure.ConclusionsFBAC reduced neutrophilic inflammation exaggerated by DEP exposure in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation by reducing oxidative stress. PGRN and PGRN‐derived proteins may be novel therapeutic agents in attenuating asthma exacerbation induced by air pollutant exposure.
From bite to brain: Neuro‐immune interactions in food allergy
Authors: Houghton Vikki , Eiwegger Thomas , Florsheim Esther Borges , Knibb Rebecca C. , Thuret Sandrine , Santos Alexandra F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmunoglobulin E (IgE)‐mediated food allergies are reported to affect around 3.5% of children and 2.4% of adults, with symptoms varying in range and severity. While being the gold standard for diagnosis, oral food challenges are burdensome, and diagnostic tools based on specific IgE can be flawed. Furthering our understanding of the mechanisms behind food allergy onset, severity and persistence could help reveal immune profiles associated with the disease, to ultimately aid in diagnosis. Alterations to cytokine levels and immune cell ratios have been identified, though further research is needed to fully capture the heterogenous nature of food allergy. Moreover, the existence of such immune alterations also raises the question of potential wider systemic effects. For example, recent research has emphasised the existence and impact of neuro‐immune interactions and implicated behavioural and neurological changes associated with food allergy. This review will provide an overview of such food allergy‐driven neuro‐immune interactions, with the aim of emphasising the importance of furthering our understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying IgE‐mediated food allergy.