bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iontoforese: uma Técnica Subutilizada
Authors: Silva Erivanildo Gonçalves Vieira da , Hebling Leticia Maria Graballos Ferraz 
Published: February 2019

A iontoforese é uma técnica que utiliza corrente elétrica para aplicação de fármacos através de tecidos que, de outra forma, encontrariamdificuldade para penetração ou nem mesmo conseguiriam ultrapassar a barreira destes tecidos. Este artigo de revisão de literatura aborda atécnica da iontoforese e os seus principais usos assim como algumas das pesquisas realizadas com esta técnica para a aplicação de diferentesfármacos. Para tanto, foram utilizadas as bases de pesquisa PubMed e Scielo para busca de publicações a este respeito nos últimos 17 anos.Apesar de ter sido descrita, pela primeira vez, há cerca de 300 anos, a iontoforese é uma técnica pouco utilizada na fisioterapia. Alguns usos bem-sucedidos têm sido descritos na literatura. Entre estes sucessos terapêuticos se pode citar a iontoforese no tratamento da condição conhecida como hiperidrose palmar ou plantar, no entanto, não há consenso geral sobre seu uso entre os pesquisadores. Assim, a utilização da corrente elétrica para aplicação de fármacos fica restrita a poucas situações na fisioterapia. Este artigo aponta para necessidade de mais pesquisas já que a técnica se apresenta como promissora para a aplicação transdérmica de diversos fármacos com menores riscos de erros por altas dosagens ou efeitos sistêmicos colaterais.Palavras chave: Iontoforese. Eletroterapia. Fármacos Transdérmicos. Fisioterapia.AbstractIontophoresis is a technique that uses electrical current for drug delivery through tissues that otherwise would be difficult to penetrate or even overcome the barrier of these tissues. This review paper deals with the iontophoresis technique and its main uses as well as some of the researches carried out with this technique for the different drugs delivery. Therefore, the research bases PubMed and Scielo were used to search publications in this regard in the last 17 years. Although it was first described about 300 years ago, iontophoresis is a technique rarely used in physiotherapy. Some successful uses have been described in the literature. Among these therapeutic successes may be mentioned iontophoresis in the treatment of the condition known as palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis. However, there is no general consensus about its use among researchers. Thus, the use of electric current for drug application is restricted to a few situations in physiotherapy. This article points out the need for more research since the technique presents as promising for the transdermal application of several drugs with lower risk of errors due to high dosages or systemic side effects.Keywords: Iontophoresis. Electrotherapy. Transdermal Drugs. Physiotherapy.
Senile Solar Lentigo - Alternative Treatment Available on the Market of Aesthetic
Authors: Bernardes Patrícia Gonçalves da Silva , Lima Sarah Buzaim , Batista Glaucia Freire , Sobrinho Hermínio Mauricio da Rocha , Sampaio Lucas Henrique Ferreira 
Published: February 2019

O Lentigo Solar é conhecido também como manchas senis, que são lesões pigmentadas na superfície do tecido epitelial. O lentigo apresenta coloração castanho-claro, escura ou negra e surge em regiões do corpo mais expostas ao sol, como a face, o dorso das mãos e dos braços, colo e os ombros. Além disso, aumenta em número e em dimensão com o envelhecimento. As lesões LS são mais frequentes em peles claras. O objetivo da pesquisa foi descrever os mecanismos de ação e de eficácia das principais tecnologias e procedimentos utilizados no tratamento das manchas senis. O presente estudo é uma revisão bibliográfica que apresenta uma visão geral das alternativas disponíveis no mercado estético para o tratamento de lentigo solar. Luz Intensa Pulsada, Lasers, Peelings Químicos, Despigmentação Ultrassônica e Microdermoabrasão são alguns dos recursos disponíveis no mercado mundial utilizados no tratamento do Lentigo Solar Senil. Estes recursos, associados ou não, atuam de forma superficial, como terapia despigmentante, clareadora e renovadora celular, proporcionando resultados eficazes em curto e médio prazo. Estudos sugerem que essas terapias combinadas somadas com a manutenção preventiva com fotoproteção e despigmentantes podem proporcionar resultados eficazes e satisfatórios. O tratamento do Lentigo Solar exige conhecimentos específicos e capacitação profissional para avaliação clínica adequada e elaboração de novos protocolos de tratamento.Palavras-chave: Terapia a Laser. Ultrassom. Abrasão Química. AbstractSolar Lentigo, also known as senile spots, are pigmented lesions on the surface of the epithelial tissue. They are light brown, dark or black in color and appear in regions of the body most exposed to the sun, such as a face, back of hands and arms, neck and shoulders. In addition, they increase in number and size with aging, being more frequent in light skin. The aim of this study was to describe the mechanisms of action and the efficacy of the main technologies and procedures for treatment of senile spots. The present study is a bibliographical review that presents an overview of the alternatives available in aesthetic market for the treatment of solar lentigo. Intense Pulsed Light, Lasers, Chemical Peels, Ultrasonic Depigmentation and Microdermabrasion are some of the treatment available worldwide to treat senile solar lentigo. These resources associated or not, act superficially, as depigmenting therapy, bleaching and cell renewal, providing efficient results in the short and medium term. Studies suggest that these therapies combined with preventive maintenance with photoprotection and depigmenting may provide satisfactory results. The treatment of Solar Lentigo requires specific knowledge and professional qualification for clinical evaluation and elaboration of new treatment protocols.Keywords: Laser Therapy. Ultrasonics. Chemexfoliation.
Wormhole Formation During Acidizing of Calcite-Cemented Fractures in Gas-Bearing Shales
Authors: Szymczak Piotr , Kwiatkowski Kamil , Jarosinskí Marek , Kwiatkowski Tomasz , Osselin Florian 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA relatively large number of calcite-cemented fractures are present in gas-bearing shale formations. During hydraulic fracturing, some of these fractures will be reactivated and may become important flow paths in the resulting stimulated fracture network. On the other hand, the presence of carbonate lamina on fracture surfaces will have a hindering effect on the transport of shale gas from the matrix toward the wellbore. We investigate numerically the effect of low-pH reactive fluids on such fractures, and show that dissolution of the cement proceeds in a highly nonuniform manner. The morphology of the emerging flow paths (“wormholes”) strongly depends on the thickness of the calcite layer. For thick carbonate layers, a hierarchical, fractal pattern appears, with highly branched wormhole-like channels competing for an available flow. For thin layers, the pattern is much more diffuse, with less-pronounced wormholes that merge easily with each other. Finally, for intermediate thicknesses, we observe a strong attraction between shorter and longer wormholes, which leads to the formation of islands of carbonate lamina surrounded by the dissolved regions. We argue that the wormhole-formation processes are not only important for the increase of shale-gas recovery, but also can be used for retaining the fracture permeability, even in the absence of proppant.
Anesthetic management of gigantic pheochromocytoma resection with inferior vena cava and right atrium tumor thrombosis: A case report
Authors: Chen Jingli , Liu Caihua , Liu Chang , Fu Quanyuan , Peng Dingwei , Ren Linyun , Yan Hong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: This report describes one case of anesthetic management about surgical resection of a malignant phaeochromocytoma with tumor extension into vena cava and right atrium in a patient. Report for anesthetic management is limited in these patients under surgical resection until now.
Case presentation: In September 2015, a 24-year-old male presented to the department of cardiology with right flank pain and hypertensive urgency in our hospital. Contrast-enhanced CT abdomen and MRI abdomen revealed right adrenal mass suspicious of malignancy with invasion and compression to the right IVC wall along with IVC thrombus extending from the level of renal veins to the level of confluence with hepatic veins. Echocardiography shown no abnormal detection. Finally, this patient gave up the surgical resection of phaeochromocytoma and chose the expectant treatment. In April 2018, this patient once again presented to the emergence department with a persistent cough and intermittent wheezing character for 5 hour. Contrast-enhanced CT and echocardiography shown existing IVC thrombus had extended into the right atrium. After the careful preoperative preparation, adrenalectomy with complete thrombus excision by inferior vena cava exploration and right atriotomy were performed successfully by a multidisciplinary team. After one month post-operation care, the patient healthily leave our hospital.
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of pheochromocytoma in IVC and right atrium thrombosis has not been reported so far from mainland China. This clinical case may supply a rare reference experience for surgical treatment and anesthetic management in the group of phaeochromocytoma patient with distance vascular extension.
Keywords: Adrenal tumor; Malignant phaeochromocytoma; Inferior vena cava; Right atrium; Tumor thrombus.
Neurogenic pulmonary edema after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a case report
Authors: Chen Xiaoxiang , Chen Maohua , Lu Chuan , Sun Jun , Ba Huajun 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a relatively rare and severe complication of acute central neurologic injury, particularly aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. It has been rather neglected and even misdiagnosed in clinical practice due to its non-specific manifestation.
Case presentation: We describe a 44‑year‑old woman suffering from the life-threatening pulmonary edema with a aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. She was successfully treated with positive end-expiratory pressure and coil embolization at acute stage. The patient was discharged without neurological deficits.
Conclusions: Early endovascular intervention and proper timely management of neurogenic pulmonary edema is critical for improving
outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Keywords: Neurogenic pulmonary edema, subarachnoid hemorrhage, aneurysmal rupture.
ON SOCIOLOGY: NUMBERS, NARRATIVES, AND THE INTEGRATION OF RESEARCH AND THEORY
Authors: Asensi Felipe Dutra 
Published: February 2019

On Sociology busca promover uma reflexão que unifique ou, ao menos, aproxime a relação entre teoria e pesquisa. A estratégia de Goldthorpe consiste em combinar a pesquisa quantitativa em larga escala (large-scale) e o poder explicativo da teoria da ação social. Nesta resenha, o objeto de discussão será o primeiro volume de On Sociology, com um enfoque menos expressivo na terceira parte do livro. O autor desdobra o livro em quatro partes. A primeira parte estabelece críticas a algumas abordagens sociológicas. A segunda parte do livro diz respeito ao programa de pesquisa de Goldthorpe, que combina a análise quantitativa à teoria da ação racional. Na terceira parte, Goldthorpe busca ilustrar seu programa através de exemplos concretos de sua aplicação no que concerne à estratificação social. Na última parte do livro, Goldthorpe realiza um breve exame histórico e intelectual sobre o motivo pelo qual o pensamento probabilístico, o método estatístico e o individualismo metodológico não obtiveram amplo sucesso na sociologia americana e européia. De fato, Goldthorpe busca constituir uma abordagem teórica que articule o “micro” e o “macro”, relacionando a análise quantitativa e a teoria da ação racional. Conclui-se que o autor busca introduzir uma microteoria no interior das reflexões estatísticas. De fato, a associação entre análise quantitativa e ação racional pode ser útil, mas apresenta limitações. Todavia, trata-se de uma obra exemplar pela sua originalidade e pela sua ampla articulação entre teoria e prática.
Mass Spectrometry for Proteomics and Recent Developments in ESI, MALDI and other Ionization Methodologies
Authors: Farooq Qurat ul Ain , Haq Noor ul , Aziz Abdul , Aimen Sara , Inam ul Haq Muhammad 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Mass spectrometry is a tool used in analytical chemistry to identify components
in a chemical compound and it is of tremendous importance in the field of biology for high
throughput analysis of biomolecules, among which protein is of great interest.

Objective:
Advancement in proteomics based on mass spectrometry has led the way to quantify multiple
protein complexes, and proteins interactions with DNA/RNA or other chemical compounds which
is a breakthrough in the field of bioinformatics.

Methods:
Many new technologies have been introduced in electrospray ionization (ESI) and Matrixassisted
Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) techniques which have enhanced sensitivity, resolution
and many other key features for the characterization of proteins.

Results:
The advent of ambient mass spectrometry and its different versions like Desorption Electrospray
Ionization (DESI), DART and ELDI has brought a huge revolution in proteomics research.
Different imaging techniques are also introduced in MS to map proteins and other significant biomolecules.
These drastic developments have paved the way to analyze large proteins of >200kDa easily.

Conclusion:
Here, we discuss the recent advancement in mass spectrometry, which is of great importance
and it could lead us to further deep analysis of the molecules from different perspectives and
further advancement in these techniques will enable us to find better ways for prediction of molecules
and their behavioral properties.
Proteomics Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Like Cells Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Meningioma
Authors: Saffarian Arash , Tarokh Amir , Reza Haghshenas Mohammad , Taghipour Mousa , Chenari Nooshafarin , Ghaderi Abbas , Razmkhah Mahboobeh 
Published: February 2019

Background:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains pro-growth factors that can affect proliferation, migration and differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs).Objective:This study aimed to isolate MSC like cells from CSF of patients with meningioma and psudotumorcerebri (PTC) and identify differentially expressed proteins in these cells.Methods:Five patients with newly diagnosed intracranial meningioma and five patients with PTC were recruited in this comparative proteomics study. MSCs were isolated from CSF and validated by mesenchyml and non-mesenchyml fluorochrome antibodies, and flow cytometer analysis. Two- Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with Mass Spectrometry (MS) was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins.Results:Microscopic views of the isolated cells as well as flow cytometer analysis were found to be compatible with MSC-like cells. Eight distinct protein spots were differentially and reproducibly expressed among the stained gels of two studied groups. The identified proteins were Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 (PGAM1), LIM and SH3 domain protein (LASP1), peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX-6), type I cytoskeletal 9 (KRT9), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), endoplasmin, Stathmin 1 (STMN1), and glutathione S-transferase (GST).Conclusion:This study provides new insights into the plausible role of CSF derived MSCs in cancer progression, and reveals a promising therapeutic opportunity for targeting of MSC proteins in patients with meningioma.
Single-molecule Real-time (SMRT) Isoform Sequencing (Iso-Seq) in Plants: The Status of the Bioinformatics Tools to Unravel the Transcriptome Complexity
Authors: Gao Yubang , Xi Feihu , zhang Hangxiao , Liu Xuqing , Wang Huiyuan , zhao Liangzhen , Reddy Anireddy S.N. , Gu Lianfeng 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The advent of the Single-Molecule Real-time (SMRT) Isoform Sequencing
(Iso-Seq) has paved the way to obtain longer full-length transcripts. This method was found to
be much superior in identifying full-length splice variants and other post-transcriptional events as
compared to the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based short read sequencing (RNA-Seq).
Several different bioinformatics tools to analyze the Iso-Seq data have been developed and some
of them are still being refined to address different aspects of transcriptome complexity. However, a
comprehensive summary of the available tools and their utility is still lacking.

Objective:
Here, we summarized the existing Iso-Seq analysis tools and presented an integrated
bioinformatics pipeline for Iso-Seq analysis, which overcomes the limitations of NGS and generates
long contiguous Full-Length Non-Chimeric (FLNC) reads for the analysis of posttranscriptional
events.

Results:
In this review, we summarized recent applications of Iso-Seq in plants, which include improved
genome annotations, identification of novel genes and lncRNAs, identification of fulllength
splice isoforms, detection of novel Alternative Splicing (AS) and Alternative Polyadenylation
(APA) events. In addition, we also discussed the bioinformatics pipeline for comprehensive
Iso-Seq data analysis, including how to reduce the error rate in the reads and how to identify and
quantify post-transcriptional events. Furthermore, the visualization approach of Iso-Seq was discussed
as well. Finally, we discussed methods to combine Iso-Seq data with RNA-Seq for transcriptome
quantification.

Conclusion:
Overall, this review demonstrates that the Iso-Seq is pivotal for analyzing transcriptome
complexity and this new method offers unprecedented opportunities to comprehensively understand
transcripts diversity.
Biomolecular-Level Event Detection: A New Representation of Generating Short Sentence and Sample Selection Strategy
Authors: Lu Yang , Ma Xiaolei , Lu Yinan , Pei Zhili 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Biomolecular-level event extraction is one of the most important branches
of information extraction. With the rapid growth of biomedical literature, it is difficult for researchers
to manually obtain information of interest, e.g. unknown information of threatening human
disease or some biological processes. Therefore, researchers are interested in automatically
acquiring information of biomolecular-level events. However, the annotated biomolecular-level
event corpus is limited and highly imbalanced, which affects the performance of the classification
algorithms and can even lead to over-fitting.
associations while known disease-lncRNA associations are required only.

Method:
In this paper, a new approach using the Pairwise model and convolutional neural network
for biomolecular-level event extraction is introduced. The method can identify more accurate positive
instances from unlabeled data to enlarge the labeled data. First, unlabeled samples are categorized
using the Pairwise model. Then, the shortest dependency path with additional information is
generated. Furthermore, two input forms with a new representation of the convolutional neural
network model, which are dependency word sequence and dependency relation sequence are presented.
Finally, with the sample selection strategy, the expanded labeled samples from unlabeled
domain corpus incrementally enlarge the training data to improve the performance of the classifier.
</P><P>
Result & Conclusion: Our proposed method achieved better performance than other excellent systems.
This is due to our new representation of generated short sentence and proposed sample selection
strategy, which greatly improved the accuracy of classification. The extensive experimental
results indicate that the new method can effectively inculcate unlabeled data to improve the performance
of classifier for biomolecular-level events extraction.</P>
Partnership Efforts – Their Potential to Reduce the Challenges that Confront Regulators and Pharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Dhiman Sandeep Kumar , Gummadi Vikram , Dureja Harish 
Published: February 2019

Background:
The healthcare is a highly regulated sector as it serves billions of population
globally. The two imperative pillars of this sector are pharmaceutical industry and health
regulatory authorities. While the industry acts as a supplier in this sector, regulators provide governance
to ensure quality, safety and efficacy of the healthcare products. Even though organizational
objectives of these two stakeholders are different, the by and large goal is to improve health
outcomes for populations. Both these entities are confronted by an assortment of challenges.

Objectives:
This study aims to draw attention towards such pain points and the potential of collaboration
and coordination efforts between these entities to mitigate these challenges. The industry
faces challenges that are driven by business needs and regulations. The major challenges faced
by the regulators are driven by the needs to ensure the safety, quality and efficacy of health care
products. Some of these challenges may have an overlap. Market scenario, patent/
exclusivities/return on investment issues, development costs, cost containment, quality and
GMP, scientific discovery productivity, novel therapies and technology, regulatory framework,
counterfeiting, supply chain challenges, Product life cycle management (PLM), patient centricity
approach, resources and financial constraints, process issues, protection of the public health, contemporizing
and growth of regulatory framework, political scenario in the country/region, unethical
clinical trials and research, healthcare policies, citizen participation, pharmacovigilance and
safety measures comprise a non-exhaustive list of challenges that confront industry and regulators.
Health authorities need to partner amongst them and with Pharmaceutical industry and continue to
innovate for novel ways of working to conquer these challenges. Organizations of international/
regional repute are known for their unique contribution in regulating the healthcare sector.
These bodies have helped to improve access to safe medicines more widely by harmonization of
drug quality, safety, and efficacy standards. These coordinated efforts have the potential to reduce
the numbers of challenges that confront the healthcare sector.

Conclusion:
The pharmaceutical industry and health regulators need to partner to achieve common
goal of healthcare. There is a growing need for these parties to come together on common
platforms and collaborate. The success of the strategies and approaches intended to deal with these
challenges depends upon strategic-level leadership and new ways of collaborative working, which
creates a room for potential synergies.