bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA isolation from taxonomically diverse photosynthetic protists
Authors: Mundt Florian , Heinrich Sandra , Hanelt Dieter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHigh quality RNA is a crucial requirement in a variety of analyses including next generation sequencing, microarray, and gene expression studies. A number of protocols for the extraction of ribonucleic acids from algae are currently in use, but different reagents interfere with buffer capacities and therefore lower the success of the isolations. The diversity of microalgae is reflected in a large variety of biomolecules and so far no standard protocol for the extraction of RNA from these highly divergent groups has been assessed. With this study, 11 conventional protocols are compared and an alternative standardized protocol for the isolation of high quality total RNA is proposed. Furthermore, the extraction method is applied on four different microalgae species of the Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Rhodophyta, and a dinoflagellate. We present an optimized RNA extraction method, yielding total RNA of high purity and integrity from all the investigated protists. The protocol provided in this study is cost‐effective and can assist in future functional genomics, covering an essential step when working with RNA from non‐model microorganisms.
Subcomplete forcing principles and definable well‐orders
Authors: Fuchs Gunter 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIt is shown that the boldface maximality principle for subcomplete forcing, , together with the assumption that the universe has only set many grounds, implies the existence of a well‐ordering of definable without parameters. The same conclusion follows from , assuming there is no inner model with an inaccessible limit of measurable cardinals. Similarly, the bounded subcomplete forcing axiom, together with the assumption that does not exist, for some , implies the existence of a well‐ordering of which is Δ1‐definable without parameters, and ‐definable using a subset of ω1 as a parameter. This well‐order is in . Enhanced versions of bounded forcing axioms are introduced that are strong enough to have the implications of mentioned above, and along the way, a bounded forcing axiom for countably closed forcing is proposed.
A Self‐Healing PAM/CMHPG System for Unconventional Reservoir Stimulation
Authors: Ma Ying‐Xian , Xiong Yu‐Jia , Lai Jie , Shen Xin , Guo Jian‐Chun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA hybrid chemically and physically linked polyacrylamide (PAM)/carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar gum (CMHPG) system is prepared via a fast and controllable one‐pot strategy. Due to the synergetic effect of the non‐covalent interactions between chains, these systems show improved, balanced mechanical properties. The apparent morphology, storage modulus G′, and loss modulus G″ show that these systems have rapid and almost full recovery ability (the self‐healing efficiency can reach 95%) with several hydrogen‐bonding interactions between two networks. This self‐healing property can cover the shortage of G′, G″, and viscosity loss at high shear force, which will help the system keep enough viscosity to create fractures or carry proppants during the whole fracturing process. Meanwhile, the self‐healing fracturing fluid can be broken easily and flow back to surface with little damage to the fracture conductivity, indicating great potential in unconventional reservoir which is sensitive to the fracturing fluid damage.
Networked Nanogels from Self‐Assembly of End‐Functionalized Polymers at the Vapor/Liquid Interface: Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Xiang Wenjun , Zhu Zhaoju , Zhou Lvshan , Wang Kun , Chen Jinhui 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPolymers confined at a vapor/liquid interface are particularly interesting and important as the immiscibility degree of polymers in the vapor phase is typically much less than in the liquid phase. With the help of molecular dynamics simulations, the self‐assembled monolayers of end‐functionalized polymers at the vapor/liquid interface are analyzed as a function of surface coverage, end‐attraction strength, and simulation temperature. Typical self‐assembled structures of end‐functionalized polymers such as rod‐like, branch‐like aggregates and scaffold‐like network gels have been successfully observed. Moreover, large end‐attraction interactions result into more ordered and stable networked gel configuration by providing enough scaffold crossing points in the networked framework. However, high temperature increases the diffusion coefficient of the polymers, meanwhile destroys networked structure. The potential of mean force demonstrates that the van der Waals interactions between polymer chains generate the aggregation of polymer backbones with side‐to‐side pattern, while the end‐group interactions lead to the aggregation of end‐groups of the polymers with end‐to‐end pattern. However, the end‐group interactions majorly mediate the formation of networked gels at the vapor/liquid interface. Our studies provide a deeper understanding of the formation of networked gels at vapor/liquid interface, and they can also guide the robust target‐specified design of nanostructured network materials.
Utilizing historical MLC performance data from trajectory logs and service reports to establish a proactive maintenance model for minimizing treatment disruptions
Authors: Wu Binbin , Zhang Pengpeng , Tsirakis Bill , Kanchaveli David , LoSasso Thomas 
Published: December 2018

PurposeThis study proposes a proactive maintenance model utilizing historical Multileaf collimator (MLC) performance data to predict potential MLC dysfunctions, promote preemptive maintenance and thereby reduce treatment disruptions.MethodsMLC failures were assumed to correlate with MLC performance quantitation from trajectory logs. A cohort of data from service reports and trajectory logs was used to establish a model for predicting MLC dysfunctions. Specifically, the service reports logged by our in‐house engineers recorded failure status, including service date, service reason and actions taken, while trajectory logs recorded the ordered/actual leaf positions in 20‐ms intervals. Leaf performance from trajectory logs was quantified, where an event was defined as detecting a leaf's position deviation ≥a mm. Three a values, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mm, were used as candidates to determine the appropriate threshold for deviation event quantitation. Logged MLC failures from service reports were retrieved and classified into two categories based on the patterns of their deviation events calculated from trajectory logs: (a) failures with continuous deviations: deviation events lasted several days before failure, and (b) failures with a burst of deviations: deviation events only lasted 1 or 2 days and then MLC failed suddenly. The proposed proactive model focused on the failures with continuous deviations since abnormal trends in their deviation events lasted couple of days, allowing preventive maintenance. The model was predefined with three parameters (x, y, z): if a leaf scored ≥x deviation events per day in any y days within up to a z‐day window, the leaf was marked as a “potential failure.” The distributions of the deviation events as functions of time (days or weeks) and leaves using the found a‐value were then associated with logged failures to find model parameters. In a retrospective demonstration, a total of 28 logged failures with continuous deviations and 66 397 trajectory logs from two TBs' 3‐yr records were used to determine the model parameters (x, y, z). The established model was then applied to a third TB for validation.ResultsDeviation event threshold, a, was determined to be 0.1 mm, and the resulting model parameters were (x = 20, y = 6, z = 10). When validating the third TB's 3‐yr record with 12 logged continuous deviation failures, the model predicted 16 failures: seven were confirmed from the records with a hit rate of 58.3%, while nine were not; further investigation of each unconfirmed failure convinced that some could be actual failures, but somehow not recorded.ConclusionThe model offers an addition to preemptive maintenance for reducing treatment disruptions.
A VDQ‐based multifield approach to the 2D compressible nonlinear elasticity
Authors: Hassani R. , Ansari R. , Rouhi H. 
Published: December 2018

SummaryA numerical multifield methodology is developed to address the large deformation problems of hyperelastic solids based on the 2D nonlinear elasticity in the compressible and nearly incompressible regimes. The governing equations are derived using the Hu‐Washizu principle, considering displacement, displacement gradient, and the first Piola‐Kirchhoff stress tensor as independent unknowns. In the formulation, the tensor form of equations is replaced by a novel matrix‐vector format for computational purposes. In the solution strategy, based on the variational differential quadrature (VDQ) technique and a transformation procedure, a new numerical approach is proposed by which the discretized governing equations are directly obtained through introducing derivative and integral matrix operators. The present method can be regarded as a viable alternative to mixed finite element methods because it is locking free and does not involve complexities related to considering several DOFs for each element in the finite element exterior calculus. Simple implementation is another advantage of this VDQ‐based approach. Some well‐known examples are solved to demonstrate the reliability and effectiveness of the approach. The results reveal that it has good performance in the large deformation problems of hyperelastic solids in compressible and nearly incompressible regimes.
Minimal time crisis versus minimum time to reach a viability kernel: A case study in the prey‐predator model
Authors: Bayen Terence , Rapaport Alain 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this work, we provide a reformulation of the minimal time crisis problem associated with a constraint set as a free terminal time control problem. The proof requires the existence of a nonempty viability kernel that is reachable from the state space. In addition, we suppose a uniform lower bound between two consecutive crossing times of the constraint set. Thanks to this result, we compute an optimal synthesis for the minimal time crisis problem governed by the prey‐predator dynamics, with a controlled mortality on the predators. Finally, we compare the time spent in the crisis set by optimal trajectories of the minimal time crisis problem with the minimum time problem to reach the viability kernel. This is made possible by means of an exact characterization of the viability kernel.
Characterisation and classification of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium varieties based on UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS combined with multivariate statistical analyses
Authors: Zheng Yu‐ying , Zeng Xuan , Peng Wei , Wu Zhong , Su Wei‐wei 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionCitri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), comprising dried pericarps of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars, is popularly used for its great medicinal and dietary values. Generally, the pericarps from C. reticulate “Chachi” (“Guangchenpi” in Chinese, GCP) is considered to have superior qualities and merit premium price compared with CRP derived from other cultivars (collectively called “Chenpi” in Chinese, CP). Since its multiple origins and derived economic adulteration, it is significant to systematically compare the chemical profiles of different CRP varieties.ObjectiveThe main objective of this work was to identify the chemical profiles of CRP from different varieties and find out potential chemical markers for differentiating GCP and CP.MethodsIn the present study, a total of 42 CRP samples from 10 varieties (including GCP and CP) were analysed by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS) for chemical profiling. Obtained MS/MS data were further employed in multivariate statistical methods to screen the main compounds which contributed to the characterisation and classification of CRP.ResultsAs a result, 73 compounds (mainly flavonoids) were identified or tentatively characterised in these CRP samples. Based on the obtained chemical profiles data, GCP and CP samples could be easily discriminated from each other by statistical analyses. Moreover, seven compounds were selected as having the most discriminating features which contributed to the classification of CRP.ConclusionThis work obtains a better understanding of the chemical profiles of different CRP varieties and provides a practical strategy for the authentication of GCP and CP.
High Quantum Yield Single‐Band Green Upconversion in La2O3:Yb3+, Ho3+ Microcrystals for Anticounterfeiting and Plastic Recycling
Authors: Gao Guojun , Busko Dmitry , Joseph Reetu , Turshatov Andrey , Howard Ian A. , Richards Bryce S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSingle‐band green upconversion (UC) with high green purity and color stability is urgently required for plastic recycling and anticounterfeiting. However, it is very difficult to obtain single‐band green emission for benchmark Yb3+/Er3+ activated UC materials (such as NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+) due to the strong accompanying red UC. Herein, highly efficient and stable single‐band green UC is reported in La2O3:Yb3+/Ho3+ (LYH) microcrystals with record high absolute UC quantum yield (UCQY) of 2.6% for single‐band green UC. LYH yields pure green UC with large and stable intensity ratio, IGreen/IRed ≈ 18. LYH presents not only higher UCQY for a single‐band green UC but also much more pure and stable green UC than the benchmark UC materials such as NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ and Gd2O2S:Yb3+,Er3+. These results suggest that the newly developed LYH can, in principle, be promising for anticounterfeiting and plastic recycling. Its proof‐of‐concept is demonstrated as a security label based on a transparent institute logo.
Biphasic Dielectrophoresis of Isotropic Pocket Carriers Containing Quantum Dots (QDs) in Nematic Medium and Fabrication of QD Cluster Array with Matrix Emission of Point Light Sources
Authors: Lee Jun‐Seo , Lee Bomi , Song Suk‐Ho , Song Jang‐Kun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractUnusual physical properties of an anisotropic liquid crystal (LC) medium, such as topological defects, elastic interaction with particles, and nonlinear electrophoresis, are ingeniously utilized to handle nanoparticles. Here, a new approach to manipulate quantum dots (QDs) using volume‐tunable and electrically movable isotropic pocket carriers in a nematic medium is demonstrated. This method is based on multiple mechanisms: spontaneous formation of QD flocs in LCs, sharp solubility contrast of QDs in nematic and isotropic phases, and biphasic dielectrophoresis in isotropic–nematic mixture. By thermally and electrically controlling the isotropic pockets containing QDs, an array of hierarchical QD clusters with the arbitrarily controllable size and location is fabricated. The phase boundary pressure squeezes the QD flocs to adhere to each other and on the substrate. The QD cluster array can be transferred to a flexible substrate, and can serve as a point light source array for display and image acquisition applications.
An enhanced approach for the progressive mean control charts
Authors: Abbas Zameer , Nazir Hafiz Zafar , Akhtar Noureen , Riaz Muhammad , Abid Muhammad 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTo maintain and improve the quality of the processes, control charts play an important role for reduction of variation. To detect large shifts in the process parameters, Shewhart control charts are commonly applied but for small shifts, exponentially weighted moving averages (EWMA), cumulative sum (CUSUM), double exponentially weighted moving average (DEWMA), double CUSUM, moving average (MA), double moving average (DMA), and progressive mean (PM) control charts, are used. This study proposes double progressive mean (DPM) and optimal DPM control charts to enhance the performance of the PM chart. As the proposed DPM control charts use information sequentially, hence their performance is compared with natural competitors EWMA, CUSUM, DEWMA, double CUSUM, MA, DMA, and PM control charts. Run length and its different properties are evaluated to compare the performance of the proposed charts and counterparts. Results reveal that proposed optimal DPM outperforms the other charts. An example related to voltage on fixed capacitance level is also provided to illustrate the proposed charts.
Enhanced Liquid Fuel Production from CO2 Hydrogenation: Catalytic Performance of Bimetallic Catalysts over a Two‐Stage Reactor System
Authors: Guo Lisheng , Cui Yu , Zhang Peipei , Peng Xiaobo , Yoneyama Yoshiharu , Yang Guohui , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA bimetallic catalyst combining Fe and Co active sites enables direct conversion of CO2 to hydrocarbons with a higher activity but modest CO selectivity compared with a sole Fe catalyst. The introduction of cobalt metal increases the adsorption ability of CO2, which promotes the CO2 activation over iron species through RWGS reaction. Besides, the carbide content (Fe5C2) also increases significantly with the further introduction of cobalt metal in comparison to potassium modified one, achieving a high C−C bond coupling activity. On the basis, the catalytic performance of CO2 hydrogenation over this bimetallic catalyst was investigated in a two‐stage reactor system, where the influence of number of reactors on CO2 conversion and the catalytic performance over each reactor were analysed regarding the yield of liquid fuel. A significant increase in liquid fuel production was achieved under ordinary conditions. It was proven that ex situ water removal plays the determining role in the integrated process for improving the catalytic activity and lowering the selectivity of undesired CO by‐product. The utilization of a two‐stage reactor system promotes CO2 conversion, making the CO2 conversion approaching a higher value (69.9%). Meanwhile, the yield of liquid fuel exceeds 300 gfuels/(kgcath) under conventional conditions.
Synthesis of Benzothiazoles via Condensation Reaction of 2‐Aminothiophenols and β‐Oxodithioesters Using a Combination of PTSA and CuI as Catalyst
Authors: Ghosh Arindam , Gattu Radhakrishna , Khan Abu T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAn efficient and straight forward synthesis of 2‐substituted benzo[d]thiazole derivatives has been accomplished using a catalyst combination of p‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) and CuI through one‐pot condensation reaction of 2‐aminothiophenols and β‐oxodithioesters in acetonitrile at 80 °C. Simple experimental procedure, good to excellent yields, mild reaction conditions and broad substrate scope are the salient features of the present protocol.
Cache‐aware design of general‐purpose Single‐Producer–Single‐Consumer queues
Authors: Maffione Vincenzo , Lettieri Giuseppe , Rizzo Luigi 
Published: December 2018

SummaryData processing pipelines normally use lockless Single‐Producer–Single‐Consumer (SPSC) queues to efficiently decouple their processing threads and achieve high throughput, minimizing the cost of synchronization. SPSC queues have been widely studied, mostly for applications such as streaming data or network monitoring, where the main goal is maximizing throughput. There are now many applications, such as virtual‐machine–virtual‐machine communication, software‐defined networking, and message‐based kernels, where low latency is also important, and the tradeoffs between high‐throughput and low‐latency algorithms have not been studied equally well. Furthermore, at high or variable transaction rates, the effect of memory hierarchies and cache coherence subsystems may be dominant and yield surprising results. In this paper, we make two contributions. First, we provide a comprehensive study of the two main families of SPSC queues, namely, “Lamport” and “FastForward” queues, with a detailed analytical and experimental characterization of their behavior in terms of operating regimes, throughput, latency, and cache misses. Second, we propose two new queue variants, namely, improved FastForward and batched improved FastForward, which have better worst‐case behavior than other variants in terms of cache misses, which is an important feature for a number of applications. Together, these two contributions provide practical guidelines to choose the best solution depending on the application requirements.
Electrochemical On‐line ICP‐MS in Electrocatalysis Research
Authors: Kasian Olga , Geiger Simon , Mayrhofer Karl J.J. , Cherevko Serhiy 
Published: December 2018

AbstractElectrocatalyst degradation due to dissolution is one of the major challenges in electrochemical energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells and electrolysers. While tendencies towards dissolution can be grasped considering available thermodynamic data, the kinetics of material's stability in real conditions is still difficult to predict and have to be measured experimentally, ideally in‐situ and/or on‐line. On‐line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) is a technique developed recently to address exactly this issue. It allows time‐ and potential‐resolved analysis of dissolution products in the electrolyte during the reaction under dynamic conditions. In this work, applications of on‐line ICP‐MS techniques in studies embracing dissolution of catalysts for oxygen reduction (ORR) and evolution (OER) as well as hydrogen oxidation (HOR) and evolution (HER) reactions are reviewed.
Recovering sodium erythorbate from wastewater through freeze crystallization technology
Authors: Chen Peng , Song Pengfei , Wang Lidong , Yan Ying , Liu Yongdi , Zhang Lehua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEutectic freeze crystallization was developed to recover sodium erythorbate (NaE) from wastewater at pHs 4.1, 5.3, and 6.5. Two substances (A and B) were sequentially recovered from the samples. The recovery rate of substance A was 2.06, 1.83, and 3.03 g/L at pHs 4.1, 5.3, and 6.5, respectively; while that of B was 5.51, 3.09, and 3.26 g/L at the corresponding pHs. The analysis results of the two recovered substances indicated that substance A was mostly Na2SO4·10H2O, while substance B was mainly NaE. Salt recovery was most successful at pH 4.1 with the purity of recovered NaE reaching 87.53 wt%. Moreover, the chemical oxygen demand and electric conductivity of the ice were far smaller than the initial wastewater. The concentration effect was minimal due to the formation of Na2SO4·10H2O and NaE crystals. This combined crystallization strategy can potentially become an economic technology to recover NaE from wastewater.
Practitioner points

Segregation of NaE and Na2SO4·10H2O during the freeze crystallization process.

Recovering 5.53 kg NaE with the purity of 87.53 wt% from 1 m3 wastewater.

Decreasing chemical oxygen demand and electric conductivity of wastewater through freeze crystallization technology.
Monochromatic and mean radiative properties of astrophysical plasma mixtures in nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium regime
Authors: Rodríguez Rafael , Espinosa Guadalupe , Gil Juan Miguel , Beltrán Pablo R. 
Published: December 2018

Radiative‐hydrodynamics and radiative transfer simulations of astrophysical plasmas require the determination of radiative properties. However, most of the plasma radiative properties are calculated assuming the plasma in coronal equilibrium or local thermodynamic equilibrium regimes that is often not the case for many scenarios. In this work, we present nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium calculations of radiative opacities of Fe and S and of an astrophysical plasma mixture for temperatures larger than 100 eV. We also analyze the departure from local thermodynamic equilibrium simulations.