bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shadow of the past: Convergence of young and old South American desert lizards as measured by head shape traits
Authors: Aguilar‐Puntriano César , Avila Luciano J. , De la Riva Ignacio , Johnson Leigh , Morando Mariana , Troncoso‐Palacios Jaime , Wood Perry L. , Sites Jack W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConvergence is a pervasive phenomenon in the Tree of Life, and evolution of similar phenotypes sharing the same environmental conditions is expected in phylogenetically closely related species. In contrast, contingent factors are probably more influential in shaping phenotypic diversity for distantly related taxa. Here, we test putative convergent evolution of lizard head morphologies among relatively closely related desert dwellingLiolaemusspecies, and the very distantly relatedCtenoblepharys adspersa. We estimated a multilocus time‐calibrated phylogeny of 57 species of South American liolaemus lizards, based on seven molecular markers. We collected head shape data for 468 specimens, and used three phylogenetic comparative methods (SURFACE, CONVEVOL, and WHEATSHEAF index) to test for and estimate the strength of convergence. We found strong evidence for convergence among Pacific desert lizardC. adspersa,Liolaemus audivetulatus,Liolaemus insolitus,Liolaemus poconchilensis,Liolaemus stolzmanni, and a candidate species (Liolaemus“Moquegua”). Our results suggest that, despite the long divergence and phylogenetic distance ofC. adspersawith respect to convergentLiolaemusspecies, natural selection was probably more important than historical contingency in shaping phenotypic evolution in these desert lizards.
Longitudinal variation in fish prey utilization, trophic guilds, and indicator species along a large subtropical river, China
Authors: Wang Sai , Wang Tuan‐Tuan , Tang Jin‐Peng , Wang Lin , Yang Yang , Lin Hsing‐Juh , Chang Hao‐Yen , Zhou Xing‐An , Li Xing , Wang Ming 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDue to the heterogeneous distribution of resources along large rivers, understanding prey utilization by basin‐scale fish assemblages remains a challenge, and thus, recognizing regional fish trophic guilds and indicator species is important. We analyzed the stomach contents of 96 fish species along the subtropical East River in China and identified 8 prey items (29 subcategories). Site‐specific differences in fish diet composition (DC) revealed longitudinal shifts in utilized prey taxa, from upstream lotic to downstream semi‐lentic items, and these were characterized by a decrease in the proportions of epilithic diatoms and aquatic insect larvae (Ephemeroptera and Chironomidae) accompanied by an increase in bivalves (Corbicula and Limnoperna), shrimps and fishes, and organic sediments. The relative prey consumption weighted by fish abundance and biomass indicated that decreasing insect consumption and increasing detritus consumption were two fundamental vectors governing fish‐centered feeding pathways. Seventeen prey‐oriented fish guilds that were clustered based on DC matrix determined the spatial variation in the fish trophic structure. The cumulative presence of (a) upstream guilds reliant on insects and epiphytes, (b) midstream guilds reliant on hydrophytes, molluscs, and nekton, and (c) downstream guilds reliant on detritus, annelids, and plankton resulted in a longitudinal increase in guild richness, but this continuity was interrupted near the industrialized estuary. The most abundant 28 fish species across the guilds were selected as trophic indicator species; their spatial distribution significantly (p < 0.05) explained >80% of the environmental and prey variables identified. These species signified the availability of predator–prey links in distinct habitats and the key environmental factors supporting these links. With a high contribution (>51%) of exotic species, an increase in detritivores downstream distinguishes the subtropical East River from temperate rivers. Particularly, in the disturbed lower reaches, the dominance of detritivores prevailed over the predicted increase in other feeding groups (e.g., omnivores and carnivores).
Sympatry or syntopy? Investigating drivers of distribution and co‐occurrence for two imperiled sea turtle species in Gulf of Mexico neritic waters
Authors: Hart Kristen M. , Iverson Autumn R. , Fujisaki Ikuko , Lamont Margaret M. , Bucklin David , Shaver Donna J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnimals co‐occurring in a region (sympatry) may use the same habitat (syntopy) within that region. A central aim in ecology is determining what factors drive species distributions (i.e., abiotic conditions, dispersal limitations, and/or biotic interactions). Assessing the degree of biotic interactions can be difficult for species with wide ranges at sea. This study investigated the spatial ecology of two sea turtle species that forage on benthic invertebrates in neritic GoM waters: Kemp's ridleys (Lepidochelys kempii) and loggerheads (Caretta caretta). We used satellite tracking and modeled behavioral modes, then calculated individual home ranges, compared foraging areas, and determined extent of co‐occurrence. Using six environmental variables and principal component analysis, we assessed similarity of chosen foraging sites. We predicted foraging location (eco‐region) based on species, nesting site, and turtle size. For 127 turtles (64 Kemp's ridleys, 63 loggerheads) tracked from 1989 to 2013, foraging home ranges were nine to ten times larger for Kemp's ridleys than for loggerheads. Species intersected off all U.S. coasts and the Yucatán Peninsula, but co‐occurrence areas were small compared to species' distributions. Kemp's ridley foraging home ranges were concentrated in the northern GoM, whereas those for loggerheads were concentrated in the eastern GoM. The two species were different in all habitat variables compared (latitude, longitude, distance to shore, net primary production, mean sea surface temperature, and bathymetry). Nesting site was the single dominant variable that dictated foraging ecoregion. Although Kemp's ridleys and loggerheads may compete for resources, the separation in foraging areas, significant differences in environmental conditions, and importance of nesting location on ecoregion selection (i.e., dispersal ability) indicate that adult females of these species do not interact greatly during foraging and that dispersal and environmental factors more strongly determine their distributions. These species show sympatry in this region but evidence for syntopy was rare.
Association between lung ultrasound findings and invasive exercise haemodynamics in patients with undifferentiated dyspnoea
Authors: Platz Elke , Merz Allison , Silverman Montane , Lewis Eldrin , Groarke John D. , Waxman Aaron , Systrom David 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAimsDyspnoea is common in heart failure (HF) but non‐specific. Lung ultrasound (LUS) could represent a non‐invasive tool to detect subclinical pulmonary congestion in patients with undifferentiated dyspnoea.Methods and resultsWe assessed the feasibility of an abbreviated LUS protocol (eight and two zones) in a prospective pilot study of 25 ambulatory patients with undifferentiated dyspnoea undergoing clinically indicated invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (iCPET) at rest (LUS 1) and after peak exercise (LUS 2). We also related LUS findings (B‐lines) to invasive haemodynamics stratified by supine pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) (Congestion, >15 mmHg; Control, ≤15 mmHg). All enrolled patients (median age 68, 60% women, 32% prior HF, median ejection fraction 59%) had interpretable LUS 1 images in eight zones, and 20 (80%) had adequate LUS 2 images. LUS images were adequate in two posterior zones in 24 patients (96%) for LUS 1 and 18 (72%) for LUS 2. Although B‐line number was numerically higher in the Congestion group at rest and after peak exercise, this difference did not reach statistical significance. In the entire cohort, there was an association between B‐lines and rest systolic pulmonary artery pressure (r = 0.46, P = 0.02) and PCWP (r = 0.54, P = 0.005). There was an inverse relationship between B‐lines and peak VO2 (r = −0.65, P = 0.002).ConclusionsAmong ambulatory patients with undifferentiated dyspnoea, an abbreviated LUS protocol before and after iCPET is feasible in the majority of patients. B‐line number at rest was associated with invasively measured markers of haemodynamic congestion and was inversely related with peak VO2.
Exergy Analysis of Adsorption Cooling Systems Based on Numerical Simulation
Authors: Cao Ngoc Vi , Chung Jae Dong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAdsorption cooling system is driven by low‐grade heat sources and is an eco‐friendly system, is therefore considered a potential alternative to the traditional vapor‐compression refrigeration system. An exergy analysis is a tool for identifying the details of energy degradation of each process and component, but there is a critical limitation in previous works which assumed there was no spatial variation in the adsorption beds, i. e., the lumped capacity method. We have conducted both an energy and exergy analysis of an adsorption cooling system. The exergy analysis was conducted based on detailed information obtained from the CFD results of energy analysis. The numerical results provide detailed information which varies in time and space, free of the assumptions used in lumped capacity methods, by including the effects of geometric features (fin height, fin spacing, tube diameter, and thickness) and, the contact resistance between sorbent material and metallic finned tube, which affirmatively enhance the accuracy of the exergy analysis. Finally, we analyze the effect of several main parameters from the view point of the 2nd law of thermodynamics. The results show that increases in the temperature of the heat sources leads to an increase in energy performance while the exergy efficiency decreases; increases in the cooling water temperature reduces the COP, SCP, and ηex. An increase in cycle time improves the COP and ηex but reduces the SCP.
Simultaneous catalytic reduction of N2O and NOx for tertiary N2O abatement technology: A field study in a nitric acid production plant
Authors: Lee Seung‐Jae , Ryu In‐Soo , Jeon Sang‐Goo , Moon Seung‐Hyun 
Published: November 2018

To investigate the feasibility of the simultaneous abatement of N2O and NOx in a single reactor, this field study was performed in a nitric acid production plant. An Fe/BEA powder catalyst prepared by Fe ion‐exchange with steam‐treated BEA zeolite was extruded in pellets and honeycombs. In the simultaneous reduction of N2O and NOx, the pellet‐ and honeycomb‐type catalysts showed more than a 90% and 95% conversion of N2O and NOx, respectively, at a reaction temperature between 350 °C and 380 °C which is typical for the DeNOx process. The catalytic performance of the pellets and honeycombs was also stable during the reactor operation period. With higher N2O and NOx conversions of over 90%, NH3 concentration in exhaust gas streams can be reduced to satisfy domestic regulations for air pollutant emissions. Accordingly, it is suggested that the simultaneous reduction of N2O and NOx in a single reactor with the Fe/BEA catalyst may be a reasonable option for a tertiary abatement technology for nitric acid production plants.Novelty or Significance: The simultaneous catalytic reduction of N2O and NOx in a tail gas from a nitric acid production plant was investigated with Fe/BEA catalysts prepared by Fe ion‐exchange with steam‐treated BEA zeolite. Pellet‐ and honeycomb‐type catalysts were applied to abatement using NH3 as the reducing agent. Over 90% of N2O and NOx from the nitric acid production process was simultaneously removed from a single reactor at a reaction temperature between 350 °C and 380 °C. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 451–456, 2019
Flow dynamics over a foredune scarp
Authors: Piscioneri Ned , Smyth Thomas A.G. , Hesp Patrick A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe nature of wind flow over a small, 0.6 m high foredune scarp is investigated on the Sir Richard Peninsula, South Australia during a variety of incident wind directions and speeds. The study provides additional supporting evidence that the presence of the scarp and the dune exerts a strong influence on a landwards trending reduction in wind velocity and an increase in turbulence, with the greatest area of turbulence occurring near and at the foredune scarp base. For an incident oblique wind, an alongshore helicoidal flow is formed within a separation region along the scarp basal region. In this region, the coefficient of variation (CV) of wind speed is high and displays significant fluctuations. The flow at the scarp crest is compressed, streamlined and accelerated, turbulence is suppressed, and local jets may occur depending on the incident wind approach angle. Jets are more likely where the incident flow is perpendicular or nearly so. A flow separation region does not develop downwind of the scarp crest where the morphology of the foredune stoss slope downwind of the scarp is more convex (as in this case) rather than relatively flat, and possibly due to the presence of vegetation at the scarp crest. A tentative model of the flow regions developed across a backshore–scarp–foredune region during oblique incident flow is provided. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comprehensive survey on handover management for vehicular ad hoc network based on 5G mobile networks technology
Authors: Ahmed Adel A. , Alzahrani Ahmad A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractVehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a style of high‐mobility mobile ad hoc network where the mobile nodes are vehicles traveling across a road or a street. VANET was proposed to provide safety, comfortability, reliability, and security of vehicles driving. One of the serious challenges is handover (HO) problem that occurs when a vehicle moves from one network area covered by a roadside unit (RSU) to another network area covered by a different RSU. The fast mobility of vehicles and the limited coverage area of the RSU (without overlapping signals) should be considered in providing a seamless HO. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on HO management for VANET based on the new features of fifth‐generation (5G) mobile network technologies. The 5G mobile network technology provides enhanced characteristics that will fit the requirements of real‐time video streaming and assist to design an effective solution for the HO problem. In addition, this paper presents the reasons for HO failures and the limitations of available HO failure solutions. Furthermore, it highlights the potential proposed solutions that will tackle the HO failures. This survey will open up the gate of developing an optimal solution based on 5G for HO problem on VANET that might be used in vehicles manufacturing.
In vitro antihypertensive and antioxidative properties of trypsin‐derived Moringa oleifera seed globulin hydrolyzate and its membrane fractions
Authors: Aderinola Taiwo Ayodele , Fagbemi Tayo Nathaniel , Enujiugha Victor Ndigwe , Alashi Adeola Monisola , Aluko Rotimi Emmanuel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMoringa oleifera seed globulin was hydrolyzed with trypsin and fractionated to produce <1, 1–3, and 3–5 kDa peptide sizes. These were evaluated for antioxidant properties: DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging assays, FRAP, and metal chelation tests; and in vitro antihypertensive properties: ACE and renin inhibition. Membrane fractionation led to improved antioxidative properties of 29.13% (<1 kDa), 180% (<1 kDa), and 30.58% (1–3 kDa) for DPPH, FRAP, and metal iron chelation, respectively. There was however 48.77% reduction (1–3 kDa) in hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. There was also improvement in ACE inhibitory potentials of the peptides with the 1–3 kDa peptide showing significantly highest ACE inhibition (72.48%)but very low (17.64%, 1–3 kDa) inhibition against the renin. It was concluded that hydrolysis of M oleifera seed globulin with trypsin produced peptides and peptide fractions with potential antioxidant and antihypertensive properties.
Effect of processing and soybean cultivar on natto quality using response surface methodology
Authors: Pradhananga Mahalaxmi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn an attempt to commercialize the traditional technology of fermenting soybean into natto on laboratory scale using three locally available soybean varieties, that is, white, black, and brown, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimum combination of two factors, that is, the effect of steaming time (20–50 min) and fermentation time (12–48 hr). Thirteen samples from each variety were formulated which were packed in low‐density polyethylene for LDPE using the isolated culture from the natto sample and incubated at 37°C, and the sensory data were analyzed by using Design Expert (RSM). All the responses (taste, hardness, thread/stickiness, and overall acceptance) were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the two variables except appearance for all three varieties of natto prepared. The optimum combinations of steaming time (min) and fermentation time (hr) were found for white soybean natto (33.4 min and 34.5 hr), for black soybean natto (34.7 min and 30.9 hr), and for brown soybean natto (33.2 min and 34.9 hr), respectively. The proximate composition of soybean and best three formulated natto obtained after sensory evaluation from 13 samples of each variety were studied, that is, moisture, crude protein, pH, calcium, and iron on dry basis found to have increased, whereas carbohydrate and crude fiber found to have slightly decreased, but crude fat and ash found to be almost equal on three varieties than the raw soybean used. Microbiologically, the product was hygienic and safe as coliform and salmonella were not detected.
Informed trading around earnings announcements—Spot, futures, or options?
Authors: Jain Sonali , Agarwalla Sobhesh Kumar , Varma Jayanth R. , Pandey Ajay 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent literature reports higher single stock options (SSO) volume before earnings announcements (EA). There are no studies that explore single stock futures (SSF) in this context because of illiquid SSF markets in developed countries. Similar to SSO, SSF provide embedded leverage and facilitate short selling although at a lower cost, but do not provide downside‐risk protection. India’s liquid SSO and SSF provide a unique setting to study the preference of informed traders. We observe an increase in both SSO and SSF volume before EA. Further, SSF dominate SSO possibly due to SSO becoming expensive before EA and higher information leakage in India.
Telomere elongation through hTERT immortalization leads to chromosome repositioning in control cells and genomic instability in Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome fibroblasts, expressing a novel SUN1 isoform
Authors: Bikkul Mehmet U. , Faragher Richard G. A. , Worthington Gemma , Meinke Peter , Kerr Alastair R. W. , Sammy Aakila , Riyahi Kumars , Horton Daniel , Schirmer Eric C. , Hubank Michael , Kill Ian R. , Anderson Rhona M. , Slijepcevic Predrag , Makarov Evgeny , Bridger Joanna M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractImmortalizing primary cells with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) has been common practice to enable primary cells to be of extended use in the laboratory because they avoid replicative senescence. Studying exogenously expressed hTERT in cells also affords scientists models of early carcinogenesis and telomere behavior. Control and the premature ageing disease—Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) primary dermal fibroblasts, with and without the classical G608G mutation have been immortalized with exogenous hTERT. However, hTERT immortalization surprisingly elicits genome reorganization not only in disease cells but also in the normal control cells, such that whole chromosome territories normally located at the nuclear periphery in proliferating fibroblasts become mislocalized in the nuclear interior. This includes chromosome 18 in the control fibroblasts and both chromosomes 18 and X in HGPS cells, which physically express an isoform of the LINC complex protein SUN1 that has previously only been theoretical. Additionally, this HGPS cell line has also become genomically unstable and has a tetraploid karyotype, which could be due to the novel SUN1 isoform. Long‐term treatment with the hTERT inhibitor BIBR1532 enabled the reduction of telomere length in the immortalized cells and resulted that these mislocalized internal chromosomes to be located at the nuclear periphery, as assessed in actively proliferating cells.Taken together, these findings reveal that elongated telomeres lead to dramatic chromosome mislocalization, which can be restored with a drug treatment that results in telomere reshortening and that a novel SUN1 isoform combined with elongated telomeres leads to genomic instability. Thus, care should be taken when interpreting data from genomic studies in hTERT‐immortalized cell lines.
Use of nanoparticles Cu/TiO(OH)2 for CO2 removal with K2CO3/KHCO3 based solution: enhanced thermal conductivity and reaction kinetics enhancing the CO2 sorption/desorption performance of K2CO3/KHCO3
Authors: Liu Wei , Wu Ye , Cai Tianyi , Chen Xiaoping , Liu Dong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGlobal climate change resulting from substantial CO2 emissions is increasingly attracting attention, and coal‐fired power plants are a major source of CO2 emission, so it is necessary to control and reduce CO2 emissions from power plants. Using alkali‐based solutions for CO2 capture is thought to be an effective method to achieve this but poor CO2 sorption/desorption kinetics inhibit its development. The use of nanofluids, prepared by adding nanoparticles to an alkali‐based solution, is a promising way to improve CO2 sorption/desorption reactivity because the addition of nanoparticles not only improves the gas‐liquid mass/heat transfer but also enhances the reaction kinetics. In this paper, a nanostructured Cu/TiO(OH)2 was prepared and used to accelerate the CO2 sorption/desorption performance of a potassium‐based solution. The CO2 sorption/desorption reaction rates increased with the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid but the inclusion of more nanoparticles resulted in particle sedimentation. The potassium‐based solution containing 0.014 vol% of the nanostructured Cu/TiO(OH)2 was therefore the targeted nanofluid that gave the best CO2 sorption/desorption performance and cyclic stability. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.