bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative bactericidal activity of four macrolides alone and combined with rifampicin or doxycycline against Rhodococcus equi at concentrations achievable in foals
Authors: Huguet Anne-Sophie , Gourbeyre Ophélie , Bernand Agathe , Philibert Charline , Bousquet-Melou Alain , Lallemand Elodie A. , Ferran Aude A. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionRhodococcus equi causes life-threatening respiratory disease in foals. The standard treatment typically involves a combination of rifampicin and a macrolide antibiotic. Although previous studies have demonstrated the in vitro activity of these antibiotics against Rhodococcus equi, the tested concentrations often do not reflect those achievable in foals.Material and MethodsTherefore, this study was performed to evaluate the in vitro bactericidal activity of rifampicin, doxycycline, and four macrolides (clarithromycin, azithromycin, gamithromycin and tulathromycin) individually and in combination, at concentrations observed at the target site of infection in foals. Additionally, we investigated the efficacy of these antibiotics at different pH levels to replicate the conditions in the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and within macrophages, where R. equi can reside. We assessed the activity of antibiotics against a virulent strain of R. equi by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and performing checkerboard and time-kill curve assays with drugs both alone and in combination.ResultsTime-kill curves with rifampicin or doxycycline demonstrated a reduction in R. equi counts by more than 3 log10 CFU/mL. Among the macrolides, tulathromycin was ineffective, while clarithromycin achieved bacterial elimination within 24 h under both extracellular and intracellular conditions. Gamithromycin and azithromycin exhibited bactericidal activity only in extracellular conditions, with no effect on the bacteria at pH 5.8. The checkerboard assay did not reveal any strong synergistic or antagonistic effects for rifampicin or doxycycline when combined with macrolides. In time-kill curves performed with maximal local concentrations achievable in foals, the combinations of rifampicin or doxycycline with macrolides did not increase the bacterial killing rate compared with the drugs alone, except for the combination of rifampicin with azithromycin, which showed slightly faster activity. However, the lower concentrations of doxycycline and clarithromycin that might be present 24 h after treatment in foals were effective in killing bacteria under intracellular conditions only when used in combination, and not when used alone.ConclusionOur study suggests that clarithromycin can be used either alone or with doxycycline and that its use in combination with rifampicin should be reconsidered. Nevertheless, further studies are required to assess the clinical efficacy and potential side effects of doxycycline in foals.
Impacts of elevated CO2 and partial defoliation on mineral element composition in rice
Authors: Gao Bo , Hu Shaowu , Zhou Mingyuan , Jing Liquan , Wang Yunxia , Zhu Jianguo , Sun Xingxing , Wang Kai , Wang Yulong , Yang Lianxin 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThis study explores how elevated CO2 concentration may alter the source-sink dynamics in rice by providing additional carbon for photosynthesis, thereby affecting nutrient absorption and distribution.MethodsA free-air CO2 enrichment experiment was conducted on a japonica cultivar Wuyunjing 27 in 2017 and 2018 growing seasons. The plants were exposed to ambient and elevated CO2 level (increased by 200 μmol·mol-1) and two source-sink manipulation treatments (control with no leaf cutting and cutting off the top three leaves at heading).ResultsThe elevated CO2 significantly increased the above-ground biomass and the straw non-structural carbohydrate concentration by an average of 19.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Significant changes in the concentrations of N, S, Fe, and Zn in straw were noted under elevated CO2, with average decreases by 7.1, 7.2, 11.6, and 10.1%, respectively. The exposure to elevated CO2 significantly enhanced the elements accumulation, yet it had minimal impact on their distribution across different organs. When compared to intact rice, removing the top three leaves at heading reduced the above-ground biomass by 36.8% and the straw non-structural carbohydrate content by 44.8%. Leaf-cutting generally increased the concentration of elements in stem, leaf, and grain, likely due to a concentration effect from reduced biomass and carbohydrate accumulation. Leaf-cutting reduced element accumulation and shifted element allocation in rice organs. It increased the proportion of elements in stems while reduced their presence in leaves and grains.DiscussionOur study suggests that a dilution effect may cause a decrease in mineral elements concentrations under elevated CO2 because of the increase in biomass and carbohydrates.
The structural relationship of job stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention among youth sports education leaders in Korea
Authors: Jung Myung Kyu , Jung Tae Gyeom , Jeon Min Woo , Lee Ji Hae 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThis paper is a study aimed at providing insights for developing effective human resource management strategies suitable for Korean youth sports education facilities, by elucidating the multifaceted relationships among job stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Through the research, it was academically suggested that the relationships among job stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention of Korean youth sports education facility workers could be structurally and complementarily manifested. To fulfill this objective, data were gathered using snowball sampling from Sports leaders who have experience or are engaged in sports education facilities for youth in Korea as of 23 years. A total of 384 responses were analyzed using frequency, technical statistics, and confirmatory factor, reliability, correlation, and structural equation model analyses.ResultsThrough these analyses, this study found that job Stress, job satisfaction, organizational commitment were significant as both direct and indirect influences on turnover Intention. Intervention strategies should focus on fostering the positive emotions that stem from Intermediation, mitigation, and improvement of job stress.
Impact of physical activity on anxiety among university students: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Qin Tianci , Chen Ping , Wang Jiale , Dong Junwei , Zhang Kai 
Published: November 2024

Physical activity among university students significantly influences anxiety, yet the underlying mechanisms require further exploration. This study examines mental toughness as a mediator and social support as a moderator to elucidate these relationships.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design, convenient sampling was employed to select 997 first to fourth-year students from Jishou University for a self-reported survey. Measures included assessments of physical activity, mental toughness, social support, anxiety, and basic demographic variables. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and a moderated mediation model were conducted.ResultsPhysical activity was significantly negatively correlated with anxiety and positively correlated with mental toughness. Mental toughness was significantly negatively correlated with anxiety, mediating the relationship between physical activity and anxiety to a certain extent. Social support moderated the latter part of the mediated model pathways.ConclusionPhysical activity negatively correlates with anxiety among university students. Mental toughness mediates the relationship between physical activity and anxiety, while social support moderates the latter stages of this mediated model (mental toughness → anxiety).
The impact of regional poverty on public health expenditure efficacy across South Africa’s provinces: investigating the influence of historical economic factors on health
Authors: Dlamini Msawenkosi , Mbonigaba Josue 
Published: November 2024

Introduction/objectivesMore than half of South Africa’s population lives in poverty, with significant health disparities across different regions. This study investigates the effects of regional poverty and historical economic factors on the efficacy of public health expenditure to understand how socioeconomic contexts influence overall public health outcomes.MethodsOur study utilized annual data from 2005 to 2019 for 9 provinces, drawing from the General Household Survey, Health Systems Trust database, and National Treasury’s Intergovernmental Fiscal Review. The primary health outcome was life expectancy at birth, while public health expenditure per capita was the main independent variable. We developed the Provincial Index of Multiple Deprivation to assess poverty, incorporating dimensions such as health, education, and living standards. We employed a two-way fixed effects model to examine the complex relationships between regional poverty, public health spending, and health outcomes.ResultsThe study found that poverty levels moderate the impact of public health spending on health outcomes, as evidenced by varying results across different provincial regions. Health outcomes in poorer provinces were less influenced by public health spending than wealthier regions. Additionally, the study established that income per capita, along with its lagged values and the lagged values of public health expenditure per capita, did not significantly affect health outcomes as measured by life expectancy.Conclusion/recommendationsThe impact of health expenditure in South Africa is influenced by regional poverty levels. To maximize the effectiveness of health spending, equitable, region-specific interventions tailored to address the unique health challenges of each area should be implemented.
The effect of cultural capital on the physical fitness level of a Chinese older adult population: chain mediation of household income and stockpiling of physical fitness goods
Authors: Zhao Deqiang , Wang Yibei , Zhang Aoyu , He Jin , Gao Yibo , Chen Xiaoxiao , Jiang Lupei , Zhang Yanfeng 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundHealth behaviors of older people are influenced by many factors, and physical activity are important lifestyle behaviors that promote healthy aging.PurposeThis study is to analyze the intrinsic mechanism of the influence of cultural capital on the physical fitness level of older people, and to provide a theoretical basis for the improvement of the differences in physical fitness level caused by the differences in physical fitness concepts of the classes brought about by cultural capital, and the unequal distribution of resources.MethodsThe subjects of this study were derived from people over 60 years old in the 2020 China National Fitness Activity Status Survey, and a total of 20,896 samples were obtained using the principle of multi-stage stratified random sampling. The dependent variable was assessed by the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3) to calculate the physical activity level score of the older adult population. Pearson correlation analysis and stratified regression methods were used to analyze and explore the factors influencing the physical fitness level of sport older adult people, followed by quantile regression to explore the distribution of the influence of institutional cultural capital in different physical fitness levels. The use of quantile regression not only provided a robust test of the results of stratified linear regression, but also analyzed the differential effects of institutional cultural capital among individuals with different fitness levels. Finally, Bootstrap methods were used to test the mediating effects of household income and physical cultural capital.ResultsInstitutional cultural capital (p &lt; 0.01), household income (p &lt; 0.01), physical cultural capital (p &lt; 0.01), and health status (p &lt; 0.01) are all conducive to improving fitness levels among older people. Family income (95%CI = [0.467, 0.235]) and material cultural capital (95%CI = [0.199, 0.291]) play a chain mediating role.ConclusionCultural capital has a positive impact on the health of older people, mediated by household income and stocks of sporting goods. An increase in the level of cultural capital of older persons is beneficial to the improvement of health perception. Therefore, it is possible to promote the improvement of physical fitness among older people through the enhancement of their cultural capital and to realize healthy aging.
The security implications of using feminist methodologies to study gender-based violence in Yemen
Authors: Al-Refaei Sawsan 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionThis paper examines the political and security implications of gender-based violence (GBV) research in Yemen during the period (2019–2023). As various radical groups are gaining power over Yemeni land, radical views toward women and gender equity and equality shape the experiences of GBV survivors, practitioners, and researchers in the North of Yemen. Policing Houthi ideologies in Yemen have curtailed GBV research and subjected feminist research to myriad risks. If this situation continues, experiences of women and girls in Yemen will not be captured by research. Their stories and needs will not be captured by humanitarian and peace-building actors.MethodologyFindings of this study are based on primary data from key informant interviews with 25 GBV researchers actively engaged in Yemen. Sampling followed the snowballing technique.ResultsThe findings examine political and security power dynamics after the Houthi radical group took control in the north of Yemen, and implications on GBV research design. Anti-feminist ideologies coupled with extreme security measures have impacted quality of GBV study methodologies as well as researchers' safety and mobility. Donors of previously established GBV programs and research were harassed to change research topics or lose permission to speak to local communities or collect data from aid beneficiaries. Researchers who do not follow new rules of engagement with the community are detained, harassed and their devices and databases are confiscated. Terms like “gender” and “GBV” are not deemed acceptable as these are western concepts that do not align with new community values. The findings highlight the need to use conflict-sensitivity and Do No Harm principles in settings where GBV work is scrutinized. It also challenges the orthodox definition of “GBV evidence” and explores the ethical implications of the use of alternative means to collecting data. Findings also provide insight into valuable alternative methodologies that allow local and national researchers to continue studying GBV in conflict impacted areas without exposing themselves to actual or perceived risk. The paper proposes concrete approaches that can mitigate political and security risk on both researchers and GBV survivors.
Efficacy of submucosal administration of tramadol on acute pain following third molar surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Assari Ahmad Salem , Algharbi Elaf Mubarak Abdullah , Abuhabsha Abdulmajeed Mohammed , Alshammry Basel Basheer , Alanazi Yosef Aeed , Abuhaimed Reem Abdulaziz , Alzahrani Ali Mohammad Ali , Alduhaim Abdulrahaman Saud 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of submucosal tramadol injections in post-operative pain management following third molar surgical extraction.Materials and methodsDatabases, such as PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library, were systematically searched using relevant keywords. Randomized clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria were assessed to determine the effectiveness of tramadol in managing acute post-operative pain following third molar surgery.ResultsIn total, seven studies with participants of 18 and over following randomized placebo-controlled trials were considered for the analysis. A submucosal injection of 2 ml (50–100 mg) of tramadol adjacent to the impacted mandibular third molar effectively controlled pain for up to 6–24 h following surgery. Non-serious adverse events, such as nausea, vomiting, and headache, were reported in two studies. Meta-analysis (subgroup analysis) revealed heterogeneity among the studies, demonstrating variability in the results across the included studies. In addition, tramadol demonstrated a significant decrease in post-operative pain.ConclusionSubmucosal tramadol is an efficient, safe, and dependable method for reducing post-operative acute pain, particularly in the first 6 h following impacted third molar surgery. However, due to the observed heterogeneity in the research, there is need for cautious interpretation of the findings and potential limitations in the evidence base. To enhance the quality of evidence on this topic, we strongly recommend conducting new RCTs using established methodologies.Clinical relevancePost operative pain following third molar surgeries is one of the common complications. Submucosal tramadol injections were found to be successful in reducing post extraction pain as well as other morbidities.
Fibular grafts in global reconstructive surgery: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhi , Li Yuezhan , Cheng Lin , Deng Ying , Cai Yan 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundOver the past few decades, fibular grafts have been widely utilized across 86 countries and regions globally for surgical reconstruction of various anatomical sites, including the mandible, upper extremities, lower extremities, spine, and in phalloplasty procedures. The present study aims to systematically investigate the developmental trajectory of fibular graft and identify research priorities for surgeons.MethodsA bibliometric analysis was conducted by searching the Web of Science Core Collection on April 12, 2024, for articles published between 2004 and 2023 on fibular grafting, using the query TS = (“graft” OR “transfer” OR “flap”) AND TS = (“fibular”). We included full-text English articles and reviews, and exclude documents that were not related to fibular grafting or were non-research-oriented publications. GraphPad Prism, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer analyzed publication trends and co-citation networks, providing insights into fibular grafting research.ResultsA total of 2,884 fibular graft publications were analyzed. Out of 86 countries/regions, the United States and China stood out as the main contributors in terms of publication volume, while England had the highest citation rate per publication. The journals with the most publications and citations were The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, respectively. Mark K. Wax had the most publications, while Hidalgo DA had the highest co-citation count. The most frequently occurring keywords were “reconstruction” and “mandibular reconstruction.” Co-citation reference clustering revealed a growing preference for vascularized fibular grafts over non-vascularized alternatives. The top 10 co-cited references were exclusively focused on mandibular reconstruction. Keyword bursts analysis showed that over the initial 20-year period, identified keywords fall into three main themes: graft design (e.g., osteoseptocutaneous flap, perforator flap), reconstruction areas (e.g., maxilla, extremity, ankle, spine and phalloplasty), and defect causes (e.g., pseudarthrosis, sarcoma, bone tumor). In particular, fibular grafts in phalloplasty represent an emerging trend among various anatomical reconstruction sites. In the last 5 years, there has been a notable rise in interest in 3D planning, virtual surgical planning, augmented reality, and reconstruction accuracy.ConclusionThe findings offer an in-depth overview of the landscape of fibular graft research, highlighting key contributors and emerging trends.
Analysis of the Beneficial Effects of Probiotics on the Gut–Prostate Axis Using Prostatic Co-Culture Model
Authors: Ferrari Sara , Galla Rebecca , Mulè Simone , Uberti Francesca 
Published: November 2024

The link between the gut environment and the prostate has recently been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Therefore, this study examined the advantages of a novel oral probiotic supplement to improve intestinal health and treat BPH. A 3D intestinal barrier model that simulated oral intake was used to analyse the combined regulative abilities of Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium psychaerophilum. Then, a co-culture prostatic model was used to investigate the biological consequences of the combination under conditions mimicking BPH. The results show the connection between the gut microbiome and prostate disease since the probiotics successfully modulate the primary mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of BPH. Indeed, after the intestinal passage, the mediators released from B. longum and B. psychaerophilum induced a substantial decrease in reactive oxidative species of about 6 times and inflammation (about 5 times regarding interleukine-6 and 10) and a sharp increase in testosterone and serotonin levels (about 95%). Further, proliferation and BPH principal mediators (such as androgen and dihydrotestosterone) were highly affected and nearly restored to physiological levels. Thus, BPH can be directly affected by probiotic supplementation; specifically, B. longum and B. psychaerophilum, in combination, seem able to promote the mitigation of this disease.
Identification of Mycoplasma Species in Cattle Associated with Bovine Respiratory Disease Mortality
Authors: Carella Emanuele , Messana Erika , Mugetti Davide , Biasibetti Elena , Pezzolato Marzia , Peletto Simone , Begovoeva Mattia , Rossi Francesca 
Published: November 2024

Approximately 30 distinct Mycoplasma species have been isolated from cattle, but only a few are pathogenic and can cause serious respiratory diseases. Consequently, this study aimed to identify Mycoplasma spp. infections in cattle with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), considering factors such as animal demographics, concurrent infections with other pathogens, post-mortem clinical findings and histological examinations, and seasonality. A total of 326 samples were collected from 322 cattle that had died from BRD in Northwestern Italy. A total of 54 animals (16.8%) tested positive for Mycoplasma spp., and Mycoplasma bovis (n = 22, 40.7%) and Mycoplasma dispar (n = 13, 24.1%) were the most frequently detected species among the examined cattle. Among positive cattle, those aged five months or younger were approximately five times more likely to be infected by Mycoplasma dispar than by Mycoplasma bovis compared to those older than five months (proportional incidence ratio: 5.1, 95% CI 1.2–21.2). The main bacterial pathogens identified in cattle exhibiting co-infection was Pasteurella multocida, whereas the main viral pathogens were BRSV and BoHV-1. Histopathological investigations predominantly revealed catarrhal bronchopneumonia or purulent catarrhal bronchopneumonia among the examined cattle. Finally, Mycoplasma hyopharyngis, a species isolated from the pharyngeal and nasal cavities of pigs so far, was detected for the first time in the pneumonic lung of a bovine infected with BRD. Further investigations are necessary to thoroughly characterize its host range and pathogenic potential.