bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creativity and its link to epilepsy
Authors: Tokatly Latzer Itay , Pearl Phillip L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCreative thinking represents one of our highest‐order cognitive processes, involving multiple cortical structures and an intricate interplay between several cortical and subcortical networks. It results in novel ideas that translate to useful products or concepts. The evolutionary purpose of creativity is therefore apparent, as it advances our adaptation and survival. Elucidating the neurobiology and neuroanatomy of creative cognition is challenging because the construct of creativity is not clearly defined, and the many neuropsychological measures attempting to assess it are often biased, leading to imprecise findings. Using examples from the medical and music fields, creativity is demonstrably linked to the default mode network (DMN), which has the unique property of becoming activated at times of “quiet wakefulness,” facilitating “defaulted” internally focused cognitive operations. Creative thoughts result from a process involving the activation and deactivation of the DMN as part of a dynamic interplay shared with the central executive network and affective salience network. The question is posed whether seizures originating from DMN‐related cortical areas should be considered as having overlap with eloquent cortex, potentially exempting them from removal in epilepsy surgery.Plain Language SummaryCreative thinking is a higher‐order cognitive process involving multiple brain structures and networks. It results in insightful and original thoughts that translate to useful products or concepts, which allow us to adapt to our surroundings. This Narrative Review presents conceptual, investigational, and neurobiological aspects of creativity, including information about a unique brain network termed “default mode network (DMN),” which activates at times of “quiet wakefulness,” facilitating internally focused cognitive operations. The review ends with a discussion on whether regions of the DMN from which seizures originate should be regarded as “eloquent” and their removal should be deferred by epilepsy surgery.
Soybean Glycinin Reduced Growth Performance and Antioxidant Capacity and Caused Intestinal Inflammation and Microbiome Changes in Large Yellow Croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Shao Jianchun , Li Zhangqi , You Haokun , Wang Dejuan , Zhang Jiaonan , Wang Lei , Zhao Chao , Zhao Wei 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGlycinin, a major anti‐nutrient in soybean meal, may trigger enteritis and oxidative stress in fish with overconsumption. However, its impact on intestinal inflammation and underlying signaling mechanisms in Larimichthys crocea remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of glycinin on growth, antioxidant function, inflammatory response, and gut microbiota. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental feeds were prepared, supplemented with 0%(G0), 3%(G3), 6%(G6), and 12%(G12) glycinin, respectively, and fed to juvenile L. crocea for 10 weeks. The findings indicated that dietary glycinin markedly decreased the growth, feed utilization, and survival rate of L. crocea. In addition, L. crocea fed with G6 and G12 diets showed lower trypsin activity compared with those fed with G0 and G3 diets. Similarly, fish fed with G6 and G12 diets showed higher malondialdehyde content and lower superoxide dismutase activity in the liver compared with those fed with G0 and G3 diets, suggesting that glycinin induced oxidative stress and led to the imbalance of the antioxidant system. Dietary glycinin significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of toll‐like receptors in the gut. Moreover, dietary glycinin resulted in a heightened expression of both C‐rel and p65 proteins, while also elevating the phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK proteins, indicating that glycinin activated the MAPK/NF‐κB signaling route. In addition, dietary glycinin increased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the gut, including Bacteroides and Streptococcus, and reduced the Bifidobacterium abundance. The findings suggested that L. crocea is highly sensitive to glycinin, and a 3% level can cause growth decline and enteritis.
Regime‐Switching Density Forecasts Using Economists' Scenarios
Authors: Moramarco Graziano 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose an approach for generating macroeconomic density forecasts that incorporate information on multiple scenarios defined by experts. We adopt a regime‐switching framework in which sets of scenarios (“views”) are used as Bayesian priors on economic regimes. Predictive densities coming from different views are then combined by optimizing objective functions of density forecasting. We illustrate the approach with an empirical application to quarterly real‐time forecasts of the US GDP growth rate, in which we exploit the Fed's macroeconomic scenarios used for bank stress tests. We show that the approach achieves good accuracy in terms of average predictive scores and good calibration of forecast distributions. Moreover, it can be used to evaluate the contribution of economists' scenarios to density forecast performance.
Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) ‐A Vector Suitable for Evolving Therapies for Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Authors: Zhang Mingxuan , Guo Ruiping , Yuan Zhuhui , Wang Hao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the predominant form of primary liver cancer, characterized by a dismal prognosis. Therapeutic options for advanced HCC remain sparse, with efficacy significantly hampered by the emergence of drug resistance. In parallel with research into novel pharmacological agents, advances in drug delivery systems represent a promising avenue for overcoming resistance. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have demonstrated considerable efficacy in the delivery of nucleic acid‐based therapeutics and hold potential for broader applications in drug delivery. This review describes the development of LNPs tailored for HCC treatment and consolidates recent investigations using LNPs to target HCC.
Validation of the Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment Screen in an American Sample of Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Dementia
Authors: Fernandez Dariella A. , Schmitz Suzanne , Foil Heather , Brouillette Robert , Keller Jeffrey N. , Hilsabeck Robin C. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveEarly detection of cognitive impairment is critical for patient outcomes, yet cognitive impairment is under identified in primary care settings largely due to time constraints. The Quick Mild Cognitive Impairment (Qmci) screen was developed to address the need for a short cognitive screening instrument (< 5 min) that is sensitive to early cognitive change but has not been validated in the United States (US). The objective of this study was to examine the classification accuracy of the Qmci in participants from two memory specialty (e.g., secondary outpatient) clinics in the US.MethodsParticipants were 152 older adults: 87 participants were cognitively normal (CN), 48 were diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 17 were diagnosed with mild dementia (DEM). Classification accuracy of the Qmci and Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were compared in participants with and without cognitive impairment.ResultsThe Qmci demonstrated higher classification accuracy in differentiating CN from cognitively impaired participants (i.e., MCI and DEM) (AUC = 0.82) than the MMSE (AUC = 0.77). The optimal cut‐off score for the Qmci was < 67, which achieved a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 80%. The optimal MMSE cut‐off score was < 27, which achieved a sensitivity of 97% and specificity of 43%.ConclusionsThe Qmci is a valid cognitive screening instrument for detecting early stages of cognitive impairment in memory clinic samples in the US. Its short administration time and increased specificity for detecting MCI make it an attractive option for use in primary care settings. Further validation of the Qmci is needed, specifically within primary care settings.
Soft Tissue Sarcoma in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Surgical Management Outcomes, Gaps, and Future Prospects: A Narrative Review
Authors: Adebusoye Favour Tope , Roy Sakshi , Bharadwaj Hareesha Rishab , Ali Syed Hasham , Awuah Wireko Andrew , Ferreira Tomas , Tan Joecelyn Kirani , Aderinto Nicholas , Azeem Saleha , Salako Paul Olutosin , Tenkorang Pearl Ohenewaa , Kumar Harendra , Abdul‐Rahman Toufik 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and AimsThe diagnosis and management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) present significant challenges. Positive outcomes in STS treatment include achieving negative margins, improved quality of life, and reduced recurrence rates, while negative outcomes involve incomplete resection, local recurrence, and surgical complications. This review aims to examine the current state of STS management in SSA, identify key challenges, and propose potential solutions to improve patient outcomes.MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature using PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Scopus, focusing on English‐language studies examining the management of STS in SSA. Inclusion criteria centered on studies reporting on surgical interventions, outcomes, and healthcare challenges in the region. Articles lacking sufficient data, non‐English sources, conference abstracts, and duplicates were excluded.ResultsFindings highlight several obstacles in the management of STS in SSA, including limited multidisciplinary teams, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, financial constraints, and lack of standardized treatment protocols. Key themes such as diagnostic capacity and resource allocation were identified as significant barriers.ConclusionImproving STS outcomes in SSA requires investment in healthcare infrastructure, professional development, enhanced funding, and collaborative research. Addressing these gaps is crucial to achieving better surgical management and improving survival rates for patients with STS in SSA.
Thermo‐Enviro‐Economic Study of Solar Concentrated Hexagonal Covered Tubular Still Using Interrupted and Tilted Receiver
Authors: Amori Karima E. , Hussien Tabark A. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSolar energy is still commonly used to produce clean drinking water due to its simple construction, low maintenance, and ecofriendliness. This work aims to experimentally investigate the yield upgrade and the thermal performance of a novel concentrated single‐axis tracking trough tubular solar still (TSS). This tubular still is identified by three baffles that generate four interrupted sections in the U‐receiver, which is inserted with copper mesh and fitted in a hexagonal‐shaped glass cover. Two identical TSS models were side‐by‐side outdoor tested in Baghdad‐Iraq 33.3° N and 43.3° E from January to March 2024. The first is inserted with black copper mesh (Model I), and the other has no insertion (Model ll). The effect of the inserted copper mesh (60, 120, and 180 g) and the receivers' tilt angle (5°, 10°, and 15°) on the still performance are involved. The still thermal performance is analyzed per heat transfer coefficients, energy, and exergy efficiencies. The results revealed that the accumulated daily yield is enhanced for Model I by 78.9%–194.8% while the thermal efficiency is enhanced by 68.3%–206.4% when it is tilted at 15° with the insertion of 60–180 g copper mesh, respectively, compared with Model II. It is concluded that an effective improvement in the solar still yield is obtained by using copper mesh.
Bioinformatics Analysis and Immunogenicity Assessment of the Novel Multi‐Stage DNA Vaccine W541 Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
Authors: Yang Yourong , Xue Yong , Wang Xiaoou , Wang Lan , Wang Jie , Zhang Junxian , Liu Yinping , Liang Yan , Wu Xueqiong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVaccination is one of the effective measures to prevent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) from developing into active tuberculosis (TB). Applying bioinformatics methods to pre‐evaluate the biological characteristics and immunogenicity of vaccines can improve the efficiency of vaccine development.ObjectivesTo evaluate the immunogenicity of TB vaccine W541 and to explore the application of bioinformatics technology in TB vaccine research.MethodsThis study concatenated the immunodominant sequences of Ag85A, Ag85B, Rv3407, and Rv1733c to construct the W541 DNA vaccine. Then, bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the physicochemical properties, antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity, and population coverage of the vaccine, to identify its epitopes, and to perform molecular docking with MHC alleles and Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) of the host. Finally, the immunogenicity of the vaccine was evaluated in animal experiments.ResultsThe W541 vaccine protein is a soluble cytoplasmic protein with a half‐life of 1.1 h in vivo and an instability index of 45.37. It has good antigenicity and wide population coverage without allergenicity and toxicity. It contains 138 HTL epitopes, 73 CTL epitopes, 8 linear and 14 discontinuous B cell epitopes, and has a strong affinity for TLR4. Immune simulations have shown that it can effectively stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses. Animal experiments confirmed that the W541 DNA vaccine could effectively activate Th1‐ and Th17‐type immune responses, producing high levels of IFN‐γ and IL‐17A, but could not significantly increase antibody levels.ConclusionThe W541 DNA vaccine can induce strong cellular immune responses. However, further optimization of the vaccine design is needed to make the expressed protein more stable in vivo. Bioinformatics analysis could reveal the physicochemical and immunological information of vaccines, which is critical for guiding vaccine design and development.
Natural Killer Cells in Cancers of Respiratory System and Their Applications in Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Dokhanchi Maryam , Javaherdehi Atefe Panahipoor , Raad Mohammad , Khalilollah Shayan , Mahdavi Pooya , Razizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Zafarani Alireza 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer is still regarded as a major worldwide health issue due to its high health and socioeconomic burden. Currently, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer‐related fatalities globally. Additionally, mesotheliomas and other cancers of the respiratory system, including those of the trachea, larynx, and bronchi, are also posing a significant health threat. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system involved in response against cancer.ObjectiveThis review discussed recent findings in the context of NK cell activity in the immune surveillance of respiratory system cancers and NK cell‐based treatments to combat those malignancies.ResultsThe presence of natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment is shown to be associated with a higher survival rate in patients with various malignancies. However, cancerous cells benefit from several mechanisms to evade natural killer cell‐mediated cytotoxicity, including reduced major histocompatibility complex I expression, shedding of ligands, upregulation of inhibitory receptors, and release of soluble factors. Using NK cells to design therapeutic approaches may enhance antitumor immunity and improve clinical outcomes. Clinical trials investigating the use of natural killer cells in combination with cytokine stimulation or immune checkpoint inhibitors have exhibited promising results in various respiratory system malignancies.ConclusionRespiratory system cancers present significant health challenges worldwide, and while NK cells play a crucial role in tumor surveillance, tumors often evade NK cell responses through various mechanisms. Advances in NK cell‐based therapies, including CAR‐NK cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cytokine stimulation, have shown promising outcomes in tackling these tactics. However, challenges such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment persist. Ongoing research is crucial to improve NK cell therapies by targeting autophagy, modulating miRNAs, and developing combinatorial approaches to enhance treatment efficacy for respiratory cancers.
Neural morphology perception system based on antiferroelectric AgNbO3 neurons
Authors: Zhao Jianhui , Wang Jiacheng , Sun Jiameng , Shao Yiduo , Fan Yibo , Pei Yifei , Zhou Zhenyu , Wang Linxia , Wang Zhongrong , Sun Yong , Zheng Shukai , Guo Jianxin , Zhao Lei , Yan Xiaobing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBiologically inspired neuromorphic perceptual systems have great potential for efficient processing of multisensory signals from the physical world. Recently, artificial neurons constructed by memristor have been developed with good biological plausibility and density, but the filament‐type memristor is limited by undesirable temporal and spatial variations, high electroforming voltage and limited reproducibility and the Mott insulator type memristor suffer from large driving current. Here, we propose a novel antiferroelectric artificial neuron (AFEAN) based on the intrinsic polarization and depolarization of AgNbO3 (ANO) antiferroelectric (AFE) films to address these challenges. The antiferroelectric memristor exhibits low power consumption (8.99 nW), excellent durability (~105) and high stability. Using such an AFEAN, a spike‐based antiferroelectric neuromorphic perception system (AFENPS) has been designed, which can encode light level and temperature signals into spikes, and further construct a spiking neural network (SNN) (784 × 196 × 10) for optical image classification and thermal imaging classification, achieving 95.34% and 95.76% recognition accuracy on the MNIST dataset, respectively. This work paves the way for the simulation of spiking neurons using antiferroelectric materials and promising a promising method for the development of highly efficient hardware for neuromorphic perception systems.image
Subtype‐Specific Detection in Stage Ia Breast Cancer: Integrating Raman Spectroscopy, Machine Learning, and Liquid Biopsy for Personalised Diagnostics
Authors: Tipatet Kevin Saruni , Hanna Katie , Davison‐Gates Liam , Kerst Mario , Downes Andrew 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the integration of Raman spectroscopy (RS) with machine learning for the early detection and subtyping of breast cancer using blood plasma samples. We performed detailed spectral analyses, identifying significant spectral patterns associated with cancer biomarkers. Our findings demonstrate the potential for classifying the four major subtypes of breast cancer at stage Ia with an average sensitivity and specificity of 90% and 95%, respectively, and a cross‐validated macro‐averaged area under the curve (AUC) of 0.98. This research highlights efforts to integrate vibrational spectroscopy with machine learning, enhancing cancer diagnostics through a non‐invasive, personalised approach for early detection and monitoring disease progression. This study is the first of its kind to utilise RS and machine learning to classify the four major breast cancer subtypes at stage Ia.
Vaginal Misoprostol Pharmacokinetic Changes in Obese Parturient Women Who Presented Labor Induction Failure
Authors: Filgueira Gabriela Campos de Oliveira , Benzi Jhohann Richard de Lima , Rodrigues Grazielle de Fátima Pinto , Marques Maria Paula , Thomaz Matheus De Lucca , Duarte Geraldo , Lanchote Vera Lucia , Cavalli Ricardo Carvalho 
Published: November 2024

AbstractClinical experience shows an increased duration of labor in obese parturient women. It is unclear if this population should receive the same dose of vaginal misoprostol for induction of labor as non‐obese parturient women. We investigate the influence of obesity on the pharmacokinetics and placental transfer of the metabolite misoprostol acid in parturient women. Parturient women (n = 40) were enrolled and received misoprostol 25 µg/6 h vaginally and were allocated into two groups according to the pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI <30 kg/m2 non‐obese, n = 18 or BMI >30 kg/m2 obese, n = 22) or according to the labor induction outcome (failure [n = 10] or success [n = 30]). Blood collection for pharmacokinetic study occurred after the first misoprostol dose. The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in non‐obese parturient women were not statistically different from those obtained in obese group (P Value > .05). However, when the parturient women were grouped by the labor induction outcome, the failed labor induction group presented a higher (median [interquartile range]) BMI (44.4 [34.6‐47.9] vs 33.7 [28.9‐36.5] kg/m2) (P Value = .0017), lower Cmax (11.5 [4.82‐22.2] vs 22.8 [14.2‐30.8] pg/mL) (P Value = .0308) and not statistically different AUC0‐6 (31.8 [13.4‐61.5] vs 53.4 [35.4‐77.7]) pg·h/mL) (P Value = .0580) and tmax (2.50 [1.19‐4.25] vs 3.00 (1.88‐5.00) h (P Value = .3198) when compared with parturient women who presented successful labor induction. This data suggests a higher loading dose (higher volume of distribution) and unchanged maintenance dose (unchanged AUC0‐6) of misoprostol for this population. Further studies are required to investigate the efficacy and safety of higher misoprostol loading doses for this population.
N‐Carbamimidoyl‐2,2,2‐Trifluoro‐N′‐Arylacetimidamides as Important Intermediates for the Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐4‐Aryl‐5‐(Trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐Triazoles
Authors: Abdinasab Salimeh , Darehkordi Ali , Abbasi Alireza 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA novel series of N‐carbamimidoyl‐2,2,2‐trifluoro‐N′‐arylacetimidamides (3a–j) have been prepared via condensation of 2,2,2‐trifuoroacetimidoyl chlorides with guanidine in the presence Na and in dry EtOH solvent at ambient temperature. Then, these key intermediates were applied for the synthesized of 3‐amino‐4‐aryl‐5‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles (4a–j) under oxidative cyclization reaction in the presence of KI/I2 as an oxidant system and DMSO solvent. The target compounds were produced in high yields and without the need for isolation.
Clinical Performance of OncoPredict HPV Screening Assay on Self‐Collected Vaginal and Urine Specimens Within the VALHUDES Framework
Authors: Giubbi Chiara , Martinelli Marianna , Latsuzbaia Ardashel , Cuschieri Kate , Elasifer Hana , Iacobone Anna Daniela , Bottari Fabio , Piana Andrea Fausto , Pietri Roberto , Tisi Giancarlo , Odicino Franco , Arbyn Marc , Cocuzza Clementina Elvezia ,   European VALHUDES Working Group
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe introduction of self‐sampling in cervical cancer screening has raised the importance of HPV test validation on self‐collected samples. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical accuracy of the OncoPredict HPV Screening (SCR) assay on self‐collected vaginal and first‐void urine (FVU) samples, relative to cervical specimens, using the VALHUDES Framework. FVU and vaginal self‐samples followed by a clinician‐collected cervical brushing were collected from 500 women referred to colposcopy and tested using OncoPredict HPV SCR assay. The assay demonstrated clinical sensitivity to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (≥ CIN2) similar to cervical samples in FVU (ratio: 0.95, [95% CI: 0.88–1.02]) and vaginal self‐samples (ratio: 0.96 [95% CI: 0.90–1.02]). The clinical specificity for < CIN2 was lower in vaginal (ratio: 0.90 [95% CI: 0.84–0.96]) but not in FVU samples (ratio: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.96–1.12) when compared to cervical samples. However, the relative specificity improved following cut‐off optimization (ratio: 0.94, 95% CI: [0.88–1.01]). Moderate to excellent agreement in HPV detection between self‐collected and cervical samples was demonstrated (Kappa values: 0.53–1.00). To conclude, OncoPredict HPV SCR assay demonstrated similar accuracy on FVU and cervical samples. On vaginal compared to cervical samples sensitivity was similar with a lower specificity, which improved with cut‐off optimization.