bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Different Implant Geometry in Clinical Longevity and Maintenance of Marginal Bone: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lovatto Sabrina Telles , Bassani Rafaela , Sarkis‐Onofre Rafael , dos Santos Mateus Bertolini Fernandes 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo assess, through a systematic review, the influence of different implant geometries on clinical longevity and maintenance of marginal bone tissue.MethodsAn electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, limited to studies written in English from 1996 to 2017 using specific search strategies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared dental implants and their geometries were included. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies.ResultsFrom the 4006 references identified by the search, 24 were considered eligible for full‐text analysis, after which 10 studies were included in this review. A similar behavior of marginal bone loss between tapered and cylindrical geometries was observed; however, implants that had micro‐threads in the neck presented a slight decrease of marginal bone loss compared to implants with straight or smooth neck. Success and survival rates were high, with cylindrical implants presenting higher success and survival rates than tapered ones.ConclusionsImplant geometry seems to have little influence on marginal bone loss (MBL) and survival and success rates after 1 year of implant placement; however, the evidence in this systematic review was classified as very low due to limitations such as study design, sample size, and publication bias. Thus, more well‐designed RCTs should be conducted to provide evidence regarding the influence of implant geometry on MBL and survival and success rates after 1 year of implant placement.
Prevalence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by transient elastography: Genetic and metabolic risk factors in a general population
Authors: Petta Salvatore , Di Marco Vito , Pipitone Rosaria Maria , Grimaudo Stefania , Buscemi Carola , Craxì Antonio , Buscemi Silvio 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsThe worldwide spread of obesity is leading to a dramatic increase in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complications. We aimed to evaluate both prevalence and factors associated with NAFLD in a general population in a Mediterranean area.MethodsWe considered 890 consecutive individuals included in the community‐based ABCD (Alimentazione, Benessere Cardiovascolare e Diabete) study (ISRCTN15840340). Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were measured with FibroScan. Participants were genotyped for PNPLA3 rs738409 and TM6SF2 rs58542926 variants.ResultsThe prevalence of NAFLD in the cohort was 48%. NAFLD participants exhibited elevated LSM values, suggesting advanced fibrosis (6.5% of cases). Both NAFLD and advanced fibrosis were independently associated with traditional risk factors (NAFLD: age >50 years, obesity, hypertension, elevated ALT and low HDL‐cholesterol serum concentrations. Advanced fibrosis: IFG/diabetes, elevated ALT serum concentrations). A high prevalence (>60%) of NAFLD was found in obese people, while it varied widely in non‐obese people according to the presence of metabolic risk factors. PNPLA3 G variant (OR = 1.33, 95% C.I. = 1.01‐1.8; P < .05) was independently associated with NAFLD. Prevalence of advanced fibrosis (high LSM values) ranged from 3.4% (no risk factors) to 60% (presence of all risk factors). TM6SF2 T variant (OR = 3.06, 95% C.I. = 1.08‐8.65, P < .05) was independently associated with advanced fibrosis (high LSM values).ConclusionsIn a cohort of a general population, the prevalence of NAFLD was very high, and among NAFLD patients a significant proportion had advanced fibrosis (high LSM values). Apart from traditional risk factors, genetic factors may have a significant role that needs to be further investigated.
Developmental Trajectories in L2 Writing Strategy Use: A Self‐Regulation Perspective
Authors: SASAKI MIYUKI , MIZUMOTO ATUSHI , MURAKAMI AKIRA 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis study adopts Oxford's (2017) definition of language learning strategies (LLS) framed by self‐regulation theory and explores the longitudinal development in the use of three second language (L2) writing strategies (global planning, local planning, L1‐to‐L2 translation) by Japanese university students as it interacts with cognitive, affective, and environmental variables. The study is innovative in its use of a comprehensive, theoretically supported definition of LLSs, a long observation period, and its use of an explanatory sequential mixed methods design. Mixed effects modeling, which provides the main statistical analysis, enabled us to simultaneously investigate the participants’ strategy use at both group and individual level while relating these findings to the participants’ emic data from a self‐regulation perspective. The results reveal that (a) developmental trajectories in LLS use were differentially affected by other cognitive and environmental factors at both group and individual level, (b) the self‐regulation perspective was useful in explaining the systematicity and individuality observed in the developing use of the three strategies, and (c) students’ motivation related to study abroad experiences may be a key factor in understanding such trajectories.
The Expression of Upward Motion by Russian Speakers Acquiring French or English as a Foreign Language
Authors: IAKOVLEVA TATIANA , GRAS DORIANE 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResearch on multilingual acquisition has investigated various combinations of languages to identify the factors determining how learners express motion. Our research examines the semantics of motion expression in learners whose first language (L1) exhibits more variation than their foreign language (L2/L3). The present study compares upward motion expression in L1Russian instructed learners of L2English and L3French at an elementary level of proficiency. Drawing on second language acquisition (SLA) scenarios reported in previous research literature, we examine the extent to which the learners approximate target patterns. L2/L3 users and L1 control groups orally described animated clips (Hendriks & Hickmann, 2011) showing animals performing voluntary upward motion. Results show that, despite the use of neutral generics, L3French learners successfully approximated a verb‐framed pattern typical of L1French. L3French learners also showed the emergence of additional target motion components. L2English learners heavily relied on generic neutral verbs, which were used only occasionally by L1 speakers of English and never by L1 speakers of Russian. We argue that the learners’ approximation of a target system depends on the degree of overlap between generic means of motion expression available in a target language and its typical target means of motion expression.
The Senility of Group Solidarity and Contemporary Multiculturalism: A Word of Warning from a Medieval Arabic Thinker
Authors: Verza Annalisa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper discusses the thought of the medieval Maghrebin thinker Ibn Khaldun through the prism of the philosophy and sociology of law and politics. I will first try to illustrate how, even if Ibn Khaldun wrote in the fourteenth century, he anticipated many core concepts that are characteristic of modern Western sociological and philosophical thought. The argument is thus made that his thought can, and indeed must, be rescued from the wide neglect that, outside the specialized field of Khaldunian studies, it has so far suffered in our treatment and teaching of the history of politico‐legal sociological thought. I will then claim that the scheme he devised to explain the rise and fall of civilizations can also, with due care, be used to frame and understand the political and cultural landscape in which the West and the Islamic world are presently engaged in a difficult dialogue. The discussion is in this sense offered in the hope of making a contribution to the current politico‐legal philosophical and sociological debate on multiculturalism, and on the limits of its scope.
Utilization of oral health services network among children and adolescents with leukemia
Authors: Curi Davi Silva Carvalho , Gondim Ihana Thaís Guerra de Oliveira , Figueiredo Andréia Cristina Leal , Jamelli Silvia Regina 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the use of the network of oral health services by children and adolescents with leukemia, according to the phase of cancer treatment, type of dental treatment received, and access barriers.Methods and ResultsAn exploratory cross‐sectional study carried out in a referral hospital in cancer in northeast of Brazil, with all children and adolescents (3–16 years old) with leukemia who used dental services and who attended the medical consultation in the outpatient clinic between March and August 2016. The analysis of the medical records and a structured interview with caregivers were performed. The majority who used only the specialized network were in a single phase of cancer treatment (49.1%), had oral mucositis treatment (79.2%), and had a time of displacement for oral health services greater than 40 minutes (92.6%). In addition, dental care was centered in the specialized network (76.8%) and during hospitalization (37.7%).ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the oral health care of these individuals is centered on tertiary care, reflecting a deficiency in communication between the network services, as well as the nonrecognition of the basic network as a caregiver source by its users. Despite this, more research is needed.
Late Quaternary sedimentation and permafrost development in a Svalbard fjord‐valley, Norwegian high Arctic
Authors: Gilbert Graham L. , O'Neill Hugh B. , Nemec Wojciech , Thiel Christine , Christiansen Hanne H. , Buylaert Jan‐Pieter 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe infilling history of the Adventdalen fjord‐valley in central Spitsbergen is reconstructed, with a focus on permafrost development, based on sedimentological and cryostratigraphic evidence from drilling cores. The techniques of optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon accelerator mass‐spectrometry dating were used to establish sediment chronology. The fjord‐fill sedimentary succession includes the fjord‐bottom late Weichselian subglacial till of the Last Glacial Maximum, the early Holocene muddy glaciomarine deposits with ice‐rafted debris formed during the fjord deglaciation, and the younger Holocene deposits of a fjord‐head Gilbert‐type delta of which the fluvial distributary plain shows raised alluvial terraces hosting aeolian sedimentation. This sedimentary record of the last glaciation/deglaciation cycle is interpreted in terms of sequence stratigraphy. Zones of epigenetic and syngenetic permafrost are recognized from the vertical distribution of cryofacies, with a conclusion that the formation of permafrost commenced and extended down‐fjord as the fluvio‐deltaic fjord‐fill was gradually reaching subaerial exposure. The upwards‐grown syngenetic permafrost and the top part of downwards‐grown epigenetic permafrost below contain excess ice in a suite of cryofacies indicating ground‐ice segregation and segregative intrusion. The deeper epigenetic permafrost is ice‐poor and contains cryofacies formed solely by segregation processes. This case study may serve as an analogue for other similar Arctic fjord‐valleys where the fjord‐head shoreline was established during the post‐Weichselian deglaciation.
Joint action and joint attention: Drawing parallels between the literatures
Authors: Milward Sophie J. , Carpenter Malinda 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTwo of the most important milestones in children's development are joint action (acting with others) and joint attention (attending with others). These are popular fields in both psychology and philosophy but have formed surprisingly independent literatures despite the close similarities they share in terms of theoretical and methodological issues. This article systematically compares these fields and draws attention to specific and more general ways in which each could benefit from the other if communication between them were increased. We highlight a clear opportunity within these fields, but this could be a useful approach in cognitive science more generally.
A port in a storm: Spontaneous volunteering and grassroots movements in Amsterdam. A resilient approach to the (European) refugee crisis
Authors: Boersma Kees , Kraiukhina Anastasiia , Larruina Robert , Lehota Zsofia , Nury Elham Omar 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article seeks to expand knowledge about spontaneous volunteering in Amsterdam during the European refugee crisis in the winter of 2015–16. As formal institutions, which relied on a top–down command and control approach, were unable to handle the relatively large number of refugees who arrived in a short period of time, grassroots social movements based on bottom–up participation emerged. Grassroots volunteers were not only politically engaged, protesting against the strict refugee reception policy, but they also became involved in the crisis response, showing a great deal of flexibility. Although the social movements struggled with their organizational structures, they were able to adapt their missions and structures to changing circumstances. To achieve a resilience‐based response to future refugee influxes, this article advocates for formal response organizations to dismantle their static, top–down approach, and for social movements to find a balance between participation and professionalism. If institutionalized refugee response organizations adapt to the dynamics of local conditions, they could create the conditions for resilient solutions in the crisis context.
Determinants of City Choice of Foreign Direct Investment into China: The Role of Specialisation, Diversification and Competition Externalities
Authors: Song Tao , Cieslik Andrzej 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn this paper we study empirically the determinants of location of inward FDI in China at the city level using firm‐level data for the period 1999–2009. In particular, we focus on the role of specialisation, diversification and competition externalities having controlled for the extensive set of city and regional characteristics including the regional market potential. We estimate both the conditional and multinomial logit models. We find that agglomeration externalities play an important role in determining the location of inward FDI in Chinese cities.
Preoperative autologous blood collection before bone marrow harvests in haploidentical related donors: is it justified?
Authors: Arora Komal , Kelley James , Martinez Fernando , Tholpady Ashok 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDWith the increasing safety of allogeneic blood supply and declining need for transfusion due to patient blood management, the practice of preoperative autologous donation (PAD) continues to decline. The practice gained popularity during the 1980s and 1990s with the emergence of transfusion‐transmitted human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C. At the peak of this public concern, the National Marrow Donor Program recommended that marrow donors have 1 to 3 autologous units of blood collected before their marrow harvest to minimize the likelihood of allogeneic transfusion. After three decades, the practice remains prevalent in marrow donors. We aimed to study the efficacy of PAD in healthy marrow donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPADs performed before marrow harvest in healthy donors at our center between January 2013 and July 2015 were reviewed. The utilization of autologous units and decrease in hemoglobin levels due to PAD and marrow harvest were studied. Similar practices were assessed in the rest of the United States through a brief survey.RESULTSOf a total of 262 autologous units collected from 136 donors, 25.2% were wasted. Ninety‐nine percent of the marrow donors received at least 1 unit of blood irrespective of the need. PAD contributed to preoperative anemia, exposing three donors to allogeneic blood transfusion. The survey results showed a mixed response with some institutions continuing and others not practicing PAD.CONCLUSIONPADs are not justified in healthy marrow donors as they expose them to a risk of preoperative anemia and hence a greater risk of transfusion.
Flea market finds and global exports: Four multistate outbreaks of humanSalmonellainfections linked to small turtles, United States—2015
Authors: Gambino‐Shirley K. , Stevenson L. , Concepción‐Acevedo J. , Trees E. , Wagner D. , Whitlock L. , Roberts J. , Garrett N. , Van Duyne S. , McAllister G. , Schick B. , Schlater L. , Peralta V. , Reporter R. , Li L. , Waechter H. , Gomez T. , Fernández Ordenes J. , Ulloa S. , Ragimbeau C. , Mossong J. , Nichols M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryZoonotic transmission ofSalmonellainfections causes an estimated 11% of salmonellosis annually in the United States. This report describes the epidemiologic, traceback and laboratory investigations conducted in the United States as part of four multistate outbreaks ofSalmonellainfections linked to small turtles.Salmonellaisolates indistinguishable from the outbreak strains were isolated from a total of 143 ill people in the United States, pet turtles, and pond water samples collected from turtle farm A, as well as ill people from Chile and Luxembourg. Almost half (45%) of infections occurred in children aged <5 years, underscoring the importance of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendation to keep pet turtles and other reptiles out of homes and childcare settings with young children. Although only 43% of the ill people who reported turtle exposure provided purchase information, most small turtles were purchased from flea markets or street vendors, which made it difficult to locate the vendor, trace the turtles to a farm of origin, provide education and enforce the United States federal ban on the sale and distribution of small turtles. These outbreaks highlight the importance of improving public awareness and education about the risk ofSalmonellafrom small turtles not only in the United States but also worldwide.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Fosfomycin and Its Activity against Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-, Plasmid-Mediated AmpC-, and Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli in a Murine Urinary Tract Infection Model
Authors: Zykov Ilya Nikolaevich , Samuelsen Ørjan , Jakobsen Lotte , Småbrekke Lars , Andersson Dan I. , Sundsfjord Arnfinn , Frimodt-Møller Niels 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Fosfomycin has become an attractive treatment alternative for urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to increasing multidrug resistance (MDR) in
Escherichia coli
. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) indices of fosfomycin and its
in vivo
activity in an experimental murine model of ascending UTI. Subcutaneous administration of fosfomycin showed that the mean peak plasma concentrations of fosfomycin were 36, 280, and 750 mg/liter following administration of a single dose of 0.75, 7.5, and 30 mg/mouse, respectively, with an elimination half-life of 28 min, and urine peak concentrations of 1,100, 33,400, and 70,000 mg/liter expected to be sustained above 1 mg/liter (MIC of the test strain, NU14) for 5, 8, and 9.5 h, respectively. The optimal PK/PD indices for reducing urine colony counts (number of CFU per milliliter) were determined to be the area under the concentration-time curve/MIC from 0 to 72 h and the maximum concentration/MIC on the basis of the dose-dependent bloodstream PK and the results of an evaluation of six dosing regimens. With a dosing regimen of 15 mg/mouse twice (every 36 h), fosfomycin significantly reduced the number of CFU per milliliter of all susceptible strains in urine, including clinical MDR strains, except for one clinical strain (
P
= 0.062). Variable degrees of reduction were observed in the bladder and kidneys. No significant reductions in the number of CFU per milliliter were observed with the resistant strains. In conclusion, fosfomycin shows concentration-dependent
in vivo
activity, and the results suggest that fosfomycin is an effective alternative to carbapenems in treating MDR
E. coli
in uncomplicated UTIs. The data on the effectiveness of fosfomycin against the MDR isolates along with the results of PK/PD modeling should facilitate the further development of improved recommendations for its clinical use.
Cyclic di-AMP Acts as an Extracellular Signal That Impacts
Bacillus subtilis
Biofilm Formation and Plant Attachment
Authors: Townsley Loni , Yannarell Sarah M. , Huynh Tuanh Ngoc , Woodward Joshua J. , Shank Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

There is a growing appreciation for the impact that bacteria have on higher organisms. Plant roots often harbor beneficial microbes, such as the Gram-positive rhizobacterium
Bacillus subtilis
, that influence their growth and susceptibility to disease. The ability to form surface-attached microbial communities called biofilms is crucial for the ability of
B. subtilis
to adhere to and protect plant roots. In this study, strains harboring deletions of the
B. subtilis
genes known to synthesize and degrade the second messenger cyclic di-adenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP) were examined for their involvement in biofilm formation and plant attachment. We found that intracellular production of c-di-AMP impacts colony biofilm architecture, biofilm gene expression, and plant attachment in
B. subtilis
. We also show that
B. subtilis
secretes c-di-AMP and that putative c-di-AMP transporters impact biofilm formation and plant root colonization. Taken together, our data describe a new role for c-di-AMP as a chemical signal that affects important cellular processes in the environmentally and agriculturally important soil bacterium
B. subtilis
. These results suggest that the “intracellular” signaling molecule c-di-AMP may also play a previously unappreciated role in interbacterial cell-cell communication within plant microbiomes.

IMPORTANCE
Plants harbor bacterial communities on their roots that can significantly impact their growth and pathogen resistance. In most cases, however, the signals that mediate host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions within these communities are unknown. A detailed understanding of these interaction mechanisms could facilitate the manipulation of these communities for agricultural or environmental purposes.
Bacillus subtilis
is a plant-growth-promoting bacterium that adheres to roots by forming biofilms. We therefore began by exploring signals that might impact its biofilm formation. We found that
B. subtilis
secretes c-di-AMP and that the ability to produce, degrade, or transport cyclic di-adenylate monophosphate (c-di-AMP; a common bacterial second messenger) affects
B. subtilis
biofilm gene expression and plant attachment. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of c-di-AMP impacting a mutualist host-microbe association and suggests that c-di-AMP may function as a previously unappreciated extracellular signal able to mediate interactions within plant microbiomes.