bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental controls on bacteriohopanepolyol profiles of benthic microbial mats from Lake Fryxell, Antarctica
Authors: Matys Emily D. , Mackey Tyler , Grettenberger Christen , Mueller Elliott , Jungblut Anne , Sumner Dawn Y. , Hawes Ian , Summons Roger E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) are pentacyclic triterpenoid lipids that contribute to the structural integrity and physiology of some bacteria. Because some BHPs originate from specific classes of bacteria, BHPs have potential as taxonomically and environmentally diagnostic biomarkers. For example, a stereoisomer of bacteriohopanetetrol (informally BHT II) has been associated with anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria and suboxic to anoxic marine environments where anammox is active. As a result, the detection of BHT II in the sedimentary record and fluctuations in the relative abundance of BHT II may inform reconstructions of nitrogen cycling and ocean redox changes through the geological record. However, there are uncertainties concerning the sources of BHT II and whether or not BHT II is produced in abundance in non‐marine environments, both of which are pertinent to interpretations of BHT II signatures in sediments. To address these questions, we investigate the BHP composition of benthic microbial mats from Lake Fryxell, Antarctica. Lake Fryxell is a perennially ice‐covered lake with a sharp oxycline in a density‐stabilized water column. We describe the diversity and abundance of BHPs in benthic microbial mats across a transect from oxic to anoxic conditions. Generally, BHP abundances and diversity vary with the morphologies of microbial mats, which were previously shown to reflect local environmental conditions, such as irradiance and oxygen and sulfide concentrations. BHT II was identified in mats that exist within oxic to anoxic portions of the lake. However, anammox bacteria have yet to be identified in Lake Fryxell. We examine our results in the context of BHPs as biomarkers in modern and ancient environments.
Methane yield and species diversity dynamics of perennial wild plant mixtures established alone, under cover crop maize (Zea mays L.), and after spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: von Cossel Moritz , Steberl Kathrin , Hartung Jens , Pereira Lorena A. , Kiesel Andreas , Lewandowski Iris 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe cultivation of perennial wild plant mixtures (WPMs) in biogas cropping systems dominated by maize (Zea mays L.) restores numerous ecosystem functions and improves both spatial and temporal agrobiodiversity. In addition, the colorful appearance of WPM can help enhance landscape beauty. However, their methane yield per hectare (MYH) varies greatly and amounts to only about 50% that of maize. This study aimed at decreasing MYH variability and increasing accumulated MYH of WPM by optimizing the establishment method. A field trial was established in southwest Germany in 2014, and is still running. It tested the effects of three WPM establishment procedures (E1: alone [without maize, in May], E2: undersown in cover crop maize [in May], E3: WPM sown after whole‐crop harvest of spring barley [Hordeum vulgare L.] in June) on both MYH and species diversity of two WPMs [S1, S2]). Mono‐cropped maize and cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) were used as reference crops. Of the WPM treatments tested, S2E2 achieved the highest (19,296 , 60.5% of maize) and S1E1 the lowest accumulated MYH (8,156 , 25.6% of maize) in the years 2014–2018. Cup plant yielded slightly higher than S2E2 (19,968 , 62.6% of maize). In 2014, the WPM sown under maize did not significantly affect the cover crop performance. From 2015 onward, E1 and E2 had comparable average annual MYH and average annual number of WPM species. With a similar accumulated MYH but significantly higher number of species (3.5–10.2), WPM S2E2 outperformed cup plant. Overall, the long‐term MYH performance of WPM cultivation for biogas production can be significantly improved by undersowing with maize as cover crop. This improved establishment method could help facilitate the implementation of WPM cultivation for biogas production and thus reduce the trade‐off between bioenergy and biodiversity.
The national blueprint for future factor VIII inhibitor clinical trials: NHLBI State of the Science (SOS) Workshop on factor VIII inhibitors
Authors: Ragni Margaret V. , George Lindsey A. ,   on behalf of the Members of Working Group 1, the NHLBI State of the Science Workshop on factor VIII inhibitors: Generating a national blueprint for future research
Published: July 2019

IntroductionInhibitor formation is a major complication of haemophilia for which clinical trials are planned. Despite emerging novel haemostatic agents, challenges of rare disease trials are limited subjects and lack of an organized research organization with strategic resources and partnerships.AimThe charge to Working Group 1 was to establish scientific priorities and innovative implementation strategies to conduct inhibitor prevention and eradication trials. To determine feasibility of trial design and strategic resources and partnerships to be leveraged, two clinical trial concepts were considered.ResultsFor the Inhibitor Prevention Trial, we considered adaptive design with early stopping rules, dynamic randomization and Master Protocol models to reduce sample size; and registries to provide concurrent controls and natural history data. For the Inhibitor Eradication Trial using gene therapy, an adaptive design was considered in a small number of subjects, and, if safe and meeting regulatory requirements, enrolment would be expanded. A Haemophilia Clinical Trials Group (HCTG) infrastructure was envisioned, with uniform procedures and standardized outcomes, data collection and assays, within which trial concepts would be developed, vetted and prioritized by a Steering Committee, and submitted to NIH and other research sponsors for review and funding. Mechanistic studies would be embedded within the trials, early stage investigators trained and mentored, and the research infrastructure established within the haemophilia centre (HTC) network and supported by partnerships with foundations, community, federal partners and industry.ConclusionThe success of inhibitor trials will depend on innovative trial design and an organized HCTG research infrastructure, leveraged through community partnerships.
Translating the Cochrane EMBASE RCT filter from the Ovid interface to Embase.com: a case study
Authors: Glanville Julie , Foxlee Ruth , Wisniewski Susi , Noel‐Storr Anna , Edwards Mary , Dooley Gordon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundInformation specialists frequently translate search filters from one interface to another. Publications advise that translation can be complex and should be undertaken carefully.ObjectivesTo investigate the issues arising when translating the Cochrane Embase RCT search filter from one interface (Ovid) to another (Embase.com).MethodsWe drafted a translation of the Cochrane Ovid RCT filter to run in Embase.com. We compared the line‐by‐line results of the Ovid filter with the results of the translation. We revised the filter. We identified differences between database versions including records with different publication years and subject headings. Some records were in Embase in one interface but not in the other. We encountered expected interface differences relating to proximity operators. We also encountered unexpected interface issues around truncation and the use of the original title or original abstract field.DiscussionFilter conversion is challenging and time consuming revealing unexpected differences in interfaces and databases. Careful planning can pre‐empt some issues, but others may only emerge during testing. We identified interface anomalies that have led database publishers to review aspects of the way their interfaces work.ConclusionsTranslators should be vigilant for known and unknown differences in both interfaces and database versions.
Impact of family income in early life on the financial independence of young adults: Evidence from a matched panel data
Authors: Cui Xu , Xiao Jing Jian , Yi Jingtao , Porto Nilton , Cai Yi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigates whether the family income level in early life influences the financial independence of young adults. Using a large nationally representative U.S. sample (constructed based on the data from the 1999 to 2015 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, its 2009 to 2015 Transition to Adulthood Supplement and its 1997 to 2007 Child Development Supplement), we find that the relationship between one's family income level during adolescence and the financial independence of young adults follows an inverted U‐shape. We find that the college graduation status plays an important role in determining the financial independence of young adults. Once young adults graduate from the college, their financial independence is no longer influenced by their family income level during adolescence. The results show similar patterns after controlling for cognitive and noncognitive abilities and financial behaviours of young adults when they were children or teenagers. The findings of this study have significant implications for policymakers and educators.
Mangiferin nanoparticles fortified dairy beverage as a low glycemic food product: its quality attributes and antioxidant properties
Authors: Samadarsi Rohini , Mishra Divyani , Dutta Debjani 
Published: July 2019

SummaryMangiferin‐encapsulated β‐lactoglobulin–chitosan (mangiferin/βLG‐CS) nanoparticles were fortified in milk to obtain a low glycemic index (GI) food product with high antioxidant capacity. The present study evaluated the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of mangiferin in milk fortified with nanoparticles. Fortification reduced the GI of milk by 34.5%. A mathematical model was developed to evaluate the lactose digestion, in terms of reducing sugar formed in milk by determining the digestion rate (k), and a significant reduction in k was observed. The bioaccessibility of mangiferin was enhanced by fortification. Fortified milk showed good antioxidant, lipid peroxidation inhibition and protein oxidation inhibition properties. Mangiferin nanoparticles fortified dairy beverage as an ideal food product with high antioxidant capacity and can inhibit lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. It may be used as a low GI food product.
Elevated CO2 affects plant nitrogen and water‐soluble carbohydrates but not in vitro metabolisable energy
Authors: Panozzo Joe Francis , Walker Cassandra Kiely , Maharjan Pankaj , Partington Debra L. , Korte Chris J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe effects of elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2 (e[CO2]) on the nutritive value of wheat vegetative matter and grain as a feedstock for ruminants were investigated in a study undertaken at the Australian grains free‐air CO2 enrichment (AGFACE) facility. The study included two commercial wheat cultivars (Janz and Yitpi) and two genetic selections from a Seri/Babex population (SB003 and SB062) which had previously been characterised for low and high water‐soluble carbohydrate accumulation efficiency. The trial was grown under ambient (~390 µmol/mol) and elevated (~550 µmol/mol) CO2 conditions, and plants harvested at tillering, anthesis and physiological maturity. Composition analyses to determine the nutritive value for ruminant feed were undertaken on stems, leaves and grain. Plant and grain nitrogen were reduced in the e[CO2] treatments, and as expected, the water‐soluble carbohydrates increased. All genotypes responded to e[CO2] with the effects of altered composition evident within 60 days of sowing. Determinants of ruminant feed quality such as neutral and acid detergent fibre and estimated in vitro metabolisable energy were not significantly affected. The reduced plant and grain N will impact on the nutritive value and supplementation may be required. The impact of e[CO2] on chemical composition of wheat plants may be greater if the predicted climate change is associated with concomitant abiotic stress such as high ambient temperature or low soil moisture.
Effects of crystal structure and cation size on molten silicate reactivity with environmental barrier coating materials
Authors: Stokes Jamesa L. , Harder Bryan J. , Wiesner Valerie L. , Wolfe Douglas E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRare earth (RE) disilicates are utilized in environmental barrier coatings to protect Si‐based engine components from destructive reactions with water vapor and other combustion species. These coating materials, however, degrade when exposed to molten silicate deposits in the engine. Four RE‐disilicates (RE2Si2O7, RE = Er, Dy, Gd, Nd) are analyzed herein in thermochemical interactions with glassy calcium‐magnesium‐aluminosilicate (CMAS) compositions at 1400°C. Crystalline reaction products included RE2Si2O7, SiO2, and a Ca2+yRE8+x(SiO4)6O2+3x/2+y apatite‐type silicate. RE2Si2O7 formation was favored in interactions with CMAS having low CaO:SiO2 ratios. Increased reactivity was observed for higher CaO:SiO2 ratios in CMAS combined with larger RE3+ cation size, resulting in apatite formation of varying stoichiometry and changes in lattice parameters. The crystallization of SiO2 was dependent on both thermodynamic equilibrium at low CaO:SiO2 ratios and sequestration of silicate modifiers at higher CaO:SiO2 ratios, although residual amorphous content after CMAS exposure in both cases was still substantial.
Correlative models for perovskites with rock salt B‐site ordering
Authors: Smith Evan , Adams Claire , Ubic Rick 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEmpirically derived predictive models describing synthesis‐structure relationships have the potential to significantly improve and guide future research in a more cost‐effective and timely manner; however, few of these models exist for cation ordering in perovskites. In this study, four compositions within the AZn0.5Ti0.5O3 system (A = Nd, Sm, Nd0.5La0.5, Nd0.5Gd0.5) were synthesized using a conventional solid‐state mixed‐oxide method. X‐ray diffraction data show evidence of long‐range 1:1 rock salt cation ordering on the B site for all compositions. Additional data for other rock salt B‐site ordered compositions were mined from literature. Correlative models for the B‐site shrinkage (ΔrB) have been derived for each B‐site ordered system, and a general model has been developed for rock salt B‐site ordering from these specific models. This general model allows for the prediction of the room‐temperature volume shrinkage resulting from rock salt B‐site ordering using only published ionic radii data.
Element‐specific displacements in defect‐enriched TiO2: Indication of a flash sintering mechanism
Authors: Jongmanns Malte , Wolf Dietrich E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFlash sintering experiments of ceramics indicate the formation of a state far from equilibrium. It is hypothesized that this state is enriched by Frenkel defects. The possibility is investigated that such lattice defects are being generated by a proliferation of lattice vibrations that lie close to the Brillouin zone edge. We show by means of Molecular Dynamics simulations of rutile TiO2 that this mechanism generates Frenkel defects in concentrations far beyond equilibrium. These defects deform the whole lattice in a way that the mean‐square displacements of the vibration amplitudes of the Ti and O atoms are specifically enhanced. This finding compares well to atomic displacement data of flash sintered rutile TiO2 reported recently.
Propionate alleviates high-fat diet-induced lipid dysmetabolism by modulating gut microbiota in mice
Authors: Song B. , Zhong Y.Z. , Zheng C.B. , Li F.N. , Duan Y.H. , Deng J.P. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
The aims were to examine whether oral sodium propionate supplementation regulate lipid metabolism through modulating gut microbiota.

Methods and Results
ICR male mice (26·98 ± 0·30 g) were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 10) and fed control diet (Con), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD plus propionate (Pro) respectively. In this study, we found that HFD increased the weight of final body, inguinal white adipose tissues (iWAT), epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) and perirenal white adipose tissue (pWAT), as well as the adipocyte mean area of iWAT and eWAT in mice (P &lt; 0·05), whereas sodium propionate treatment reduced the weight of iWAT and pWAT as well as adipocyte mean area of iWAT in mice fed a HFD (P &lt; 0·05). Moreover, in the iWAT, the mRNA expression of lipogenesis genes, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, acetyl-CoA carboxylase and carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1β, was upregulated by HFD challenge (P &lt; 0·05), and the elevation of these genes was nearly reversed to the level of control diet-fed mice by sodium propionate treatment. Meanwhile, sodium propionate treatment increased the hormone-sensitive lipase mRNA expression in the iWAT of HFD-fed mice (P &lt; 0·05). High-throughput pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that sodium propionate treatment significantly recovered the gut microbiota dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice, including the richness and diversity of microbiota and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. Furthermore, the HFD-induced reductions in colonic levels of butyrate and valerate were reversed by sodium propionate treatment, which also normalized the serum LPS level seen in HFD-fed mice to the levels of the control diet-fed mice.

Conclusions
Collectively, these results indicated that sodium propionate treatment could improve lipid metabolism in HFD-fed mice, and the potential mechanisms might be via regulating gut microbiota.

Significance and Impact of the Study
We demonstrated for the first time that oral sodium propionate significantly improved HFD-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota, indicating that the mitigative effect of propionate for HFD-induced lipid dysmetabolism might be mediated by gut microbiota in mice.
Selection for feed efficiency does not change the selection for growth and carcass traits in Nellore cattle
Authors: Moraes Giovanna Faria , Abreu Luíza Rodrigues Alves , Toral Fabio Luiz Buranelo , Ferreira Isabel Cristina , Ventura Henrique Torres , Bergmann José Aurélio Garcia , Pereira Idalmo Garcia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objectives were to conduct a genetic evaluation of residual feed intake (RFI) and residual feed intake adjusted for fat (RFIFat) and to analyse the effect of selection for these traits on growth, carcass and reproductive traits. Data from 945 Nellore bulls in seven feed efficiency tests in a feedlot were analysed. Genetic evaluation was performed using an animal model in which the feed efficiency test and age of the animal at the beginning of the test were considered as a systematic effect. Direct additive genetic and residual effects were considered as random effects. Correlations and genetic gains were estimated by two‐trait analysis between feed efficiency measures (RFI and RFIFat) and other traits. Feed conversion showed low heritability (0.06), but dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain, RFI, RFIFat, metabolic body weight and scrotal circumference measured at 450 days of age (SC450) showed moderate to high heritability (0.49, 0.28, 0.33, 0.36, 0.38 and 0.80, respectively). Similarly, ribeye area, backfat thickness, rump cap fat thickness, marbling score and subcutaneous fat thickness also had high heritability values (0.46, 0.37, 0.57, 0.51 and 0.47, respectively). Genetic correlations between RFI and SC450 were null, and between RFIFat and SC450 were strongly positive. Genetic and phenotypic correlations of RFI and RFIFat with carcass traits were not different from zero, as correlated responses for carcass traits were also not different from zero. The Nellore selection for feed efficiency by RFI or RFIFat allows the recognition of feed efficient animals, with DMI reduction and without significant changes in growth and carcass traits. However, because of the observed results between RFIFat and SC450, selection of animals should be analysed with caution and a preselection for reproductive traits is necessary to avoid reproductive impairments in the herd.
Consumption Taxation in the European Economic Community: Fostering the Common Market or Financing the Welfare State?
Authors: Haffert Lukas , Schulz Daniel F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe literature on the comparative political economy of taxation often links consumption taxation to the welfare state. It argues that the expansion of consumption taxation paid for the expansion of welfare states and that bigger welfare states therefore tax consumption more heavily. We challenge this perspective by looking at the introduction of the Value Added Tax (VAT) in the European Economic Community in 1967, the breakthrough of this form of consumption taxation. Studying the crucial case of Germany, and complementing it with the shadow case of the Netherlands, we demonstrate that political struggles about this reform did not center on a conflict between supporters and opponents of welfare state expansion. Instead, the VAT was primarily a tool to foster market integration in Europe by reducing barriers to trade. As we show, the coalition in support of the VAT only succeeded after it won the backing of important export interests.
Higher triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio increases cardiovascular risk: 10‐year prospective study in a cohort of Chinese adults
Authors: Chen Zekai , Chen Guanzhi , Qin Hailun , Cai Zefeng , Huang Jianhuan , Chen Haojia , Wu Weiqiang , Chen Zhichao , Wu Shouling , Chen Youren 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims/IntroductionA higher ratio of triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL‐C) is considered as the independent risk index of cardiovascular (CV) events. However, cohort studies regarding this correlation are rarely reported, especially in the Chinese population. The aim of present study was to explore the relationship of the TG/HDL‐C ratio with CV risks among Chinese adults during 10‐year follow‐up period.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a prospective study using data obtained from 96,542 individuals in Kailuan, who were grouped through the median value (0.8533) of the TG/HDL‐C ratio. Adverse outcomes mainly referred to major CV events. We used the person‐years incidence and cumulative incidence to predict the morbidity. The risk of CV events was estimated through Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 51.5 ± 12.6 years, and 79.6% of participants were men. During a median follow‐up period of 9.75 years, 5,422 major CV events occurred, including 1,312 myocardial infarction cases and 4,228 stroke cases. The cumulative incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke and total CV events was 1.36% (range 1.29–1.43%), 4.38% (range 4.25–4.51%) and 5.62% (range 5.47–5.76%), respectively. Compared with low the TG/HDL‐C ratio (≤0.8533) group, the high TG/HDL‐C ratio (>0.8533) group had higher morbidity of CV events. The hazard ratio of total CV events, stroke and myocardial infarction was 1.19 (95% CI 1.12–1.26), 1.11 (95% CI 1.03–1.18) and 1.50 (95% CI 1.33–1.70), respectively. Furthermore, the TG/HDL‐C ratio and major CV events had a line‐shaped relationship with each other.ConclusionsAmong the Chinese population, a higher TG/HDL‐C ratio is correlated with an increased risk of major CV events.