bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-symbiotic soil microbes are more strongly influenced by altered tree biodiversity than arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during initial forest establishment
Authors: Grossman Jake J , Butterfield Allen J , Cavender-Bares Jeannine , Hobbie Sarah E , Reich Peter B , Gutknecht Jessica , Kennedy Peter G 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
While the relationship between plant and microbial diversity has been well studied in grasslands, less is known about similar relationships in forests, especially for obligately symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. To assess the effect of varying tree diversity on microbial alpha- and beta-diversity, we sampled soil from plots in a high-density tree diversity experiment in Minnesota, USA, 3 years after establishment. About 3 of 12 tree species are AM hosts; the other 9 primarily associate with ectomycorrhizal fungi. We used phospho- and neutral lipid fatty acid analysis to characterize the biomass and functional identity of the whole soil bacterial and fungal community and high throughput sequencing to identify the species-level richness and composition of the AM fungal community. We found that plots of differing tree composition had different bacterial and fungal communities; plots with conifers, and especially Juniperus virginiana, had lower densities of several bacterial groups. In contrast, plots with a higher density or diversity of AM hosts showed no sign of greater AM fungal abundance or diversity. Our results indicate that early responses to plant diversity vary considerably across microbial groups, with AM fungal communities potentially requiring longer timescales to respond to changes in host tree diversity.
Isolation and polyphasic identification of Tateyamaria armeniaca sp. nov.
Authors: Yoon Jaewoo 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
A novel alphaproteobacterium, designated KMU-156T, was isolated from seawater collected on the coast of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, and its phylogenetic position was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain KMU-156T was Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, apricot-colored, rod-shaped, non-motile and chemoorganoheterotrophic. Phylogenetic study based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel bacterium belongs to the family ‘Rhodobacteraceae’, of the class Alphaproteobacteria, and that it possessed the greatest sequence similarity (98.2%) with Tateyamaria omphalii MKT107T. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strains KMU-156T, T. omphalii KCTC 12333T and Tateyamaria pelophila DSM 17270T were less than 70%. The major isoprenoid quinone of the novel isolate was ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) and the major (&gt; 10%) cellular fatty acids were C16:0 and C18:1 ω7c. The genomic DNA G + C content of strain KMU-156T was 59.3 mol%. The polar lipid profile of the strain KMU-156T had phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. From the discriminative taxonomic features, the strain is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Tateyamaria for which the name Tateyamaria armeniaca sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of T. armeniaca sp. nov. is KMU-156T (= KCCM 90321T = NBRC 113460T).
Metabolic responses of rice source and sink organs during recovery from combined drought and heat stress in the field
Authors: Lawas Lovely Mae F , Erban Alexander , Kopka Joachim , Jagadish S V Krishna , Zuther Ellen , Hincha Dirk K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Drought and heat stress effects on rice have been extensively studied, in particular during the sensitive flowering and grain-filling stages. However, in the field these stresses usually occur together because reduced transpirational cooling under drought conditions results in increased plant tissue temperature. In addition, environmental stresses are usually transient and the ability to efficiently recover from stress may be at least as important for overall stress tolerance as the direct stress response itself. Nevertheless, nothing is known about recovery mechanisms after drought and heat stress in rice under field conditions.

Results
We have used gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–based metabolomics to elucidate the metabolic responses of flag leaves, flowering spikelets, and developing seeds from 3 rice cultivars differing in their drought and heat tolerance to rewatering after stress in the field. Within 60 hours after rewatering, many stress-responsive metabolites returned to their control levels, although recovery was not complete. In addition, control plants showed developmental differences that were revealed by metabolite profiles during 60 hours of post-stress sampling, in particular in developing seeds. Correlation analysis identified several metabolites as marker candidates for the stability of grain yield or quality under conditions of combined drought and heat stress.

Conclusions
The rewatering responses of stressed plants seemed to be a combination of the reversal of stress effects and reinitiation of development after stress relief. The identified potential markers can be useful in efforts to breed stress-tolerant rice germplasm to ensure food availability under changing climate conditions.
Mechanical energy balance and apparent fracture toughness for dykes in elastoplastic host rock with large-scale yielding
Authors: Vachon Rémi , Hieronymus Christoph F 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYThe dynamics of dyke emplacement are typically modelled by assuming an elastic rheology for the host rock. However, the resulting stress field predicts significant shear failure in the region surrounding the dyke tip. Here, we model the dyking process in an elastic-perfectly plastic host rock in order to simulate distributed shear fracturing and subsequent frictional slip on the fracture surfaces. The fluid mechanical aspects of the magma are neglected as we are interested only in the fracture mechanics of the process. Magma overpressure in dykes is typically of the same order of magnitude as the yield stress of the host rock in shear, especially when the pressure effect of volatiles exsolving from the magma is taken into account. Under these conditions, the plastic deformation zone has spatial dimensions that approach the length of the dyke itself, and concepts based on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) no longer apply. As incremental plasticity is path dependent, we describe two geologically meaningful endmember cases, namely dyke propagation at constant driving pressure, and gradual inflation of a pre-existing crack. For both models, we find that plastic deformation surrounding the fracture tip enhances dyke opening, and thus increases the energy input into the system due to pressure work integrated over the fracture wall. At the same time, energy is dissipated by plastic deformation. Dissipation in the propagation model is greater by about an order of magnitude than it is in the inflation model because the propagating dyke tip leaves behind it a broad halo of deformation due to plastic bending and unbending in the relict process zone. The net effect is that plastic deformation impedes dyke growth in the propagation model, while it enhances dyke growth in the inflation model. The results show that, when the plastic failure zone is large, a single parameter such as fracture toughness is unable to capture the physics that underpin the resistance of a fracture or dyke against propagation. In these cases, plastic failure has to be modelled explicitly for the given conditions. We provide analytical approximations for the propagation forces and the maximum dyke aperture for the two endmember cases, that is, the propagating dyke and the dyke formed by inflation of a crack. Furthermore, we show that the effect of plasticity on dyke energetics, together with an overestimate of magma pressure when interpreting dyke aspect ratios using elastic host rock models, offers a possible explanation for the long-standing paradox that laboratory measurements of fracture toughness of rocks consistently indicate values about two orders of magnitude lower than those derived from dyke observations.
In lung transplantation, are pulmonary grafts from donors deceased from hanging as suitable as grafts from donors deceased from other causes?
Authors: Santos Silva João , Olland Anne , Massard Gilbert , Falcoz Pierre-Emmanuel 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A best evidence topic was constructed according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether pulmonary grafts from donors deceased from hanging offer the same benefit as grafts from donors deceased from other causes in lung transplantation. Of the 17 papers found, 4 provided the best evidence to answer the question. The authors, date, journal, country of publication, study type, group studied, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. One study reported a large cohort of donors and analysed the outcomes by cause of death, reporting no differences in survival. The remaining 3 papers analysed observational studies on the outcomes of lung transplantation using pulmonary grafts from donors deceased from hanging, compared with donors deceased from other causes. No differences in the rates of post-transplantation pulmonary graft dysfunction and long-term overall survival were reported. Although the cohort of donors deceased from hanging is small, we conclude that these donors are an important contribution to the donor pool. Ex vivo lung perfusion may have a role in assessing graft viability in this scenario.
The theory and application of the random dislocation directional seismic wave technique in a tunnel environment
Authors: Yue Yonggao , Jiang Tao , Wang Jingye , Chao Yunfeng , Zhou Qi , Zheng Jinghan , Wang Xin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Performing exact predictions of geological conditions for tunnel construction is important for ensuring safe and quick tunnel engineering. Weak effective signals and strong random noise are the main factors that affect the distance and precision of tunnel seismic detection. Considering that directional seismic wave (DSW) technology has the ability to enhance target signals and suppress random noise, we attempt to apply this method to solve the problems of low detection accuracy and short detection distance. However, the process of data processing with the DSW technique generates false multiple wave interference (FMWI), which can lead to the misinterpretation of geological structures. This study analyses the origins of FMWI and presents the random dislocation directional seismic wave (RDDSW) method to suppress this interference. The results of a numerical simulation indicate that the FMWI is effectively suppressed and that the signal-to-noise ratio of the data is increased by approximately N times through use of the N-element RDDSW technique. In the ideal case, only spherical diffusion attenuation is considered, and the detection distance increases by approximately $\scriptstyle\sqrt N $ times. In addition, this method is also effective for signals from curved events, thereby improving the precision of the analysis of the geological structure of the tunnel. Furthermore, the field data results further verify that the RDDSW technique can significantly suppress interference and thus improve the quality of the data at little cost. Hence, the RDDSW technique has great significance for accurately predicting the geological structures of tunnels and increasing the detection distance in tunnels.
Trumping Capacity Gap with Negotiation Strategies: the Mexican USMCA Negotiation Experience
Authors: Bahri Amrita , Lugo Monica 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
In the past few months, we have witnessed the ‘worst deal’ in the history of the USA become the ‘best deal’ in the history of the USA. The negotiation leading to the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) appeared as an ‘asymmetrical exchange’ scenario that could have led to an unbalanced outcome for Mexico. However, Mexico stood firm on its positions and negotiated a modernized version of North American Free Trade Agreement. Mexico faced various challenges during this renegotiation, not only because it was required to negotiate with two developed countries but also due to the high level of ambition and demands raised by the new US administration. This paper provides an account of these impediments. More importantly, it analyzes the strategies that Mexico used to overcome the resource constraints it faced amidst the unpredictable political dilemma in the US and at home. In this manner, this paper seeks to provide a blueprint of strategies that other developing countries could employ to overcome their negotiation capacity constraints, especially when they are dealing with developed countries and in uncertain political environments.
Agree to disagree: Modelling co-existing scholarly perspectives on literary text
Authors: Bleeker Elli , Buitendijk Bram , Haentjens Dekker Ronald 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis essay addresses two open challenge in the domain of digital scholarly editing: (1) formally defining the meaning of markup, and (2) allowing the reuse and exchange of textual data through a distributed editorial workflow that allows the editing of texts from multiple, diverging yet co-existing perspectives. We argue that successfully addressing these issues would promote the distribution and exchange of scholarly knowledge, on a technical as well as a theoretical level. The essay introduces ongoing work on a new data model for text called ‘TAG’ (Text-as-Graph) and its reference implementation ‘Alexandria’. The essay outlines how TAG, based on a hypergraph for text, can improve the modeling of complex literary texts, and how Alexandria supports the exchange of markup files in a way that sustains scholarly discourse. We discuss three components of TAG: first, the markup technology stack allows for the formal definition of the meaning of markup (‘markup semantics’); secondly, users can add multiple layers of markup that each represent an alternative perspective on text; and finally the editorial workflow is set up in a git-like distributed version management system. As a result, the TAG model provides for the synthesis of dispersed scholarly practices and the advancement of academic discourse.
The Creative Recuperation of “Blind Tom” Wiggins in Tyehimba Jess’s Olio and Jeffery Renard Allen’s Song of the Shank
Authors: Rutter Emily Ruth 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This essay examines Tyehimba Jess’s Pulitzer Prize-winning poetry collection Olio (2016) and Jeffery Renard Allen’s acclaimed novel Song of the Shank (2014), focusing specifically on their creative recuperations of “Blind Tom,” a famed pianist who remained in bondage throughout a performance career that spanned the antebellum and postbellum periods. Citing and interpolating archival documents about “Blind Tom,” Olio and Song of the Shank denaturalize what Jennifer Stoever terms the “sonic color line,” whereby music and other forms of aural production became inextricably bound up with racial stratification. Through contrapuntal persona poems, which may be read vertically, horizontally, and diagonally, Jess also pays tribute to Tom’s musical dexterity while implying the myriad possible interpretations of the musician’s life and art. Alternatively, Allen’s nonlinear novel makes use of free indirect discourse, not to reimagine Tom’s interiority but instead to focalize the largely undocumented interior thoughts of those who controlled Tom’s life, underscoring the famed musician’s lack of agency and self-determination. Not purporting to recover the “real” Tom, Allen and Jess employ distinct but decidedly self-reflexive methodologies, suggesting the ways in which historical accounts are similarly constructed to emphasize particular perspectives and silence others. As they advance counternarratives to archival accounts of “Blind Tom,” Jess’s Olio and Allen’s Song of the Shank also elucidate cultural through-lines between the nineteenth century and our own time, especially unsettling teleological readings of the nation’s steady progress toward racial equality.
Ron Fricke
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This is the first substantive, career interview with Ron Fricke, whose “world films” offer spectacular panoramas of modern place and life. After shooting Koyaanisqatsi (1984) with Godfrey Reggio, Fricke directed and filmed his own films, beginning with the Imax-format film Chronos, which was a popular offering in several museums of natural history. Chronos was followed by the first two parts of Fricke’s world-film trilogy: Baraka (1992) and Samsara (2011). In order to make his films, Fricke has pioneered new technologies that have made time-lapse, 70mm and Imax-format shooting more flexible. Fricke’s films evoke and often document global spiritual practices. His own practice seems much influenced by a Buddhist sensibility that has become increasingly evident in every film he has made.
Janet Biggs
Authors: MacDonald Scott 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This is the first substantive career interview with installation artist Janet Biggs. Biggs discusses her motivation for making installations, rather than theatrical films, and the different ways in which moviegoers and visitors to installations experience moving image art. Biggs describes her experiences traveling to the ends of the earth to record compelling imagery in the Arctic, at a sulfur-mining operation inside a volcano in Indonesia, and in the Afar triangle region of Ethiopia, Eritrea, and Djibouti, Her many wide-ranging conceptual videos explore various forms of physical labor and athletic endeavor from football to water ballet and synchronized swimming to NASCAR, as well as the mysteries of Alzheimer’s disease and attempts to break the on-land speed record.
Christian Teaching in the Pluralistic University
Authors: Glanzer Perry L. , Alleman Nathan F. , Marsden George 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
With the help of the more sophisticated understanding of the ways one’s teaching may informed by one’s Christian identity discussed in chapters 2 through 4, we can now investigate the most controversial question of this book: How can a faculty member teach from a Christian perspective while honoring the integrity of the secular academy? In postmodern culture, teachers are expected to integrate their various identities into their teaching (e.g., feminist, environmentalist, Marxist). Therefore, this chapter explores how a professor could teach from a Christian perspective while working in the context of the pluralistic academy. It sets forth some general views about how teachers should address this matter, then focuses on how Christian teachers should determine when and how to draw upon their nonprofessional identities in their professional practice. Fundamentally, this chapter addresses the heart of what it means to foster a rich tournament of identities and narratives, which is the ultimate essence of liberal education.
The Birth of Modern Transnational Bribery Law
Authors: Davis Kevin E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter traces the development of modern transnational bribery law in the United States. After a brief discussion of the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Oscanyan v. Arms Co., it traces the evolution of domestic anti-bribery law in the United States through the twentieth century. It then discusses the Watergate investigation and scandals involving companies such as Lockheed and United Brands that led to enactment of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977. The historical record sheds light on the moral and economic motivations behind this landmark legislation. Subsequent amendments to the FCPA and related statutes, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, are also discussed.
The Modern Regime
Authors: Davis Kevin E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Modern transnational bribery law has spread beyond the United States and has developed into a complex, decentralized, dynamic, and global “anti-bribery regime.” These developments were prompted by lobbying on the part of the United States and members of civil society. The emergence of the new regime was marked by the adoption of the OECD Anti-Bribery Convention and the UN Convention against Corruption, as well as several other international instruments. This chapter describes the legal instruments that underpin the regime. It also surveys the institutions that implement the regime and the efforts that have been undertaken to monitor levels of enforcement, the incidence of bribery, and the impact of transnational bribery law. It concludes by asking whether the current anti-bribery regime qualifies as an example of global experimentalist governance.
Prohibitions that Extend Beyond Bribery
Authors: Davis Kevin E. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Prohibitions that cover “fraud” or “improper accounting” or “illicit enrichment” can be used as substitutes for prohibitions of bribery, but this approach has both pros and cons. To illustrate the general issues we can conduct a thought experiment in which a prohibition on bribery is replaced with the broadest prohibition imaginable, one that simply covers “corruption.” Broader prohibitions can, if crafted with sufficient care, address the problem of underbreadth that undermines the effectiveness of prohibitions limited to bribery. Their risks include unpredictability and illegitimate after-the-fact lawmaking. In addition, the effectiveness of broad prohibitions can be compromised by overbreadth and imprecision. These issues clearly arise in connection with prohibitions on fraud, improper accounting, and illicit enrichment.
Mexican American
Authors: Telles Edward , Sue Christina A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Mexican Americans’ understandings of their ethnic identities, including the meaning and importance they attribute to them and the relevance of ethnicity to their lives. It reveals how their ethnic expressions generally involve a mix of symbolic and consequential ethnicity but how ethnicity often manifests differently than the symbolic or optional expressions of ethnicity experienced by many later-generation European Americans. Many of the respondents, to varying degrees, had experiences of lacking choice regarding their ethnicity, having to negotiate both Mexican and American communities, having a sense of linked fate to co-ethnics, and being stereotyped or discriminated against—all of which signal a consequential aspect to their ethnicities. The chapter also illustrates how the full Mexican American Study Project sample is distributed along a symbolic–consequential ethnicity continuum and how these distributions vary by factors such as urban area, gender, skin color, and generation.
Nephites and Israelites
Authors: Fenton Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This essay reads The Book of Mormon within the context of a popular early American discourse: the Hebraic Indian theory. Theories about the origins of Native peoples emerged as soon as Europeans realized that Columbus had not made port in Southeast Asia, and one hypothesis held that indigenous Americans descended from the ten lost tribes of Israel. This theory possessed an elegance that others lacked, as it explained the origin of Americans and solved the riddle of the location of the tribes. For two centuries, English and Anglo-American writers sought to prove that Europeans had located Israel in the Americas. Although it posits a biblical origin for America, The Book of Mormon rejects the lost tribes theory. This essay contends that, through its revisions of the Hebraic Indian theory, The Book of Mormon disrupts its own chronology and resists the collapsing of sacred and national histories into a uniform line.