bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory medicine contributions to patient blood management concepts
Authors: Spethmann Janine , Schlüter Kathrin , Schlatterer Kathrin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground:A review of the literature shows that the role of laboratory diagnostics in the multidisciplinary concept of patient blood management (PBM) is underrepresented, so the contribution that laboratory diagnostics can make needs to be elucidated.Methods:The central objective of this study was to decrease the volume of blood drawn for laboratory diagnostics as part of a hospital quality management project focussed on increasing efficiency and reducing the turnaround time (TAT) of laboratory results. Optimization potential within the complete preanalytical process was reviewed to obtain potential improvement measures. These measures fell into two groups: training to reduce preanalytical errors in the entire hospital and using blood collection tubes with lower nominal fill volumes.Results:A validation of the success of these measures was performed after 1 year. The occurrence of several blood collection non-compliances had decreased substantially. By changing the blood collection tube volume, approximately 177 L less patient blood was drawn for diagnostic purposes in the 384-bed hospital per year. For geriatric and intensive care unit (ICU) patients, there was a very significant reduction in diagnostic blood loss (−27.2% ICU, −42.5% geriatric patients). The number of tubes used per patient per day decreased by 13%.Conclusions:In conclusion, this approach represents an important lab-side contribution to PBM concepts.
Do You See What I See? Aspects of Color Choice and Perception in Ancient Egyptian Painting
Authors: Strong Meghan E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractColor in ancient Egypt has been examined through linguistics, anthropological theory and archaeological science. In recent years, attention has focused on the application of art historical theories of reception and perception to ancient Egyptian art, but seldom on color itself. This article will examine aspects of color choice and visual perception, particularly focusing on use of the pigments yellow ochre and orpiment. Building on a growing body of art historical and archaeometric scholarship, it will demonstrate the contributions that experimental archaeology can make to the analysis and understanding of ancient Egyptian painting. Specifically, this study will examine why the Egyptian artist chose specific color combinations by taking into account the original space and lighting conditions of these paintings.
Japan: The Earliest Evidence of Complex Technology for Creating Durable Coloured Goods
Authors: Matsumoto Naoko 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The invention of lacquer technology is significant in history as the first evidence of the use of an organic substance in creating durable coloured objects. By focusing on the evidence from the Jomon Period, Japan, this article clarifies the nature of complex technology and knowledge required for lacquer production, presents how lacquer technology enhanced our creative ability, and discusses its significance in human history. Lacquer technology was invented in the course of increasing human-plant interaction in the warming climate of the early Holocene. Personal ornaments coated with red lacquer are the most conspicuous throughout the Jomon Period from the beginning of lacquer technology. Strong attention to colour and intensive application on personal ornaments indicate that the creation of symbolic artefacts in social context was at the core of Jomon lacquer technology.
Community Art: Communities of Practice, Situated Learning, Adults and Children as Creators of Cave Art in Upper Palaeolithic France and Northern Spain
Authors: Janik Liliana , Cooney Williams Jessica 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper presents acts of fluting as tangible expressions of activities performed by Palaeolithic communities of practice, in which situated learning was part of the social transmission of knowledge and communities of practice include children, men and women. To identify individual members of the communities of practice who were involved in the creation of parietal art in the Franco-Cantabrian region we have analysed the age and the sex of the people who ‘decorated’ the caves. Secondly, by following the analysis of lines created by flutings by different members of the community of practice, we suggest that children under the age of seven, who had no the cognitive abilities to comprehend the meaning of images, were active and prolific fluters and performed acts of decorating cave walls by themselves or with the support of other community members. This approach allows us to consider parietal art as community art where visual contributions were created by community members of all age and sexes.
On the Attribution of Palaeolithic Artworks: The Case of La Marche (Lussac-les-Châteaux, Vienne)
Authors: Chisena Simone , Delage Christophe 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we have explored the possibility of assigning the humanthemed engravings from La Marche to their authors, according to the method outlined by J.M. Apellaniz in the 1980s. The method employed here follows the first of the three stages postulated by Apellaniz: macroscopic observation, microscopic analysis and experimental protocol. From our study emerged a pattern of five groups and sixteen hands at work in this site. We believe, therefore, that it is possible to speak of La Marche as an “art workshop”, where portable art was produced and taught.
How Do We Explain ‛Autistic Traits’ in European Upper Palaeolithic Art?
Authors: Spikins Penny , Scott Callum , Wright Barry 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTraits in Upper Palaeolithic art which are also seen in the work of talented artists with autism, including most obviously an exceptional realism, remain to be explained. However any association between the famously evocative animal depictions created in the European Upper Palaeolithic and what is commonly seen as a ‘disorder’ has always been contentious. Debate over these similarities has been heated, with explanations ranging from famous works of Upper Palaeolithic art having been created by individuals with autism spectrum conditions, to being influenced by such individuals, to being a product of the use of psychotropic drugs. Here we argue that ‘autistic traits’ in art, such as extreme realism, have been created by individuals with a cognitive extreme of local processing bias, or detail focus. The significance of local processing bias, which is found both as a feature of autism spectrum conditions and in artists with exceptional talent at realistic depiction who aren’t autistic, has implications for our understanding of Upper Palaeolithic society in general, as well as of the roles played by individuals with autism spectrum conditions.
The Entrapment of Art: Rock-Art, Order, Subversion, Creativity, Meaning, and the Appeal of Illusive Imagery
Authors: Fernandes António Batarda 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Bringing together apparently opposing modern and post-modern approaches to interpretation is one of the challenges that lie ahead for rock-art studies. This endeavour may help to surmount ‘no interpretation is possible’ stances (see Bednarik, 2014) and to value rock-art as a diverse and complex phenomenon where precise significance is concealed within multiple meaning-carrying conveyors. The idea that different rock-art traditions (as with any other art form) made use of a given set of symbols (also) aiming to enforce an ‘imagined’ order is instrumental to the present paper. Ancient imagery, despite precise production contexts, materializes the need to resort to visual symbols in order to help maintain social concord, regardless of exact meaning. However, this is a dynamic process; whenever there is an effort to uphold a certain set of moral and social complying principles, there are also nonconformist and subversive attempts to challenge and mutate that same collection of rules.
Over Rock and Under Stone: Carved Rocks and Subterranean Burials at Kipia, Ancash, AD 1000 – 1532
Authors: Lane Kevin , Pomeroy Emma , Davila Milton Reynaldo Lújan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractResearch in the Andes has yielded evidence for a complex association between settlement sites and mortuary monuments, tied to concepts of death, ancestor veneration and water. The Huaylas-Inca and later Spanish colonial site of Kipia in the Cordillera Negra of the Ancash Highlands, North-Central Andes is a multi-faceted site, that contains a small settlement core, and a cosmological centre which includes carved rocks (huancas), niches and offerings. This, in turn backs onto a necropolis composed of a series of subterranean tombs (pukullo). In association, these features directly reference the surrounding agro-pastoralist landscape. In particular they evoke neighbouring lakes as possible foci of ethnogenesis or pacarinas. The relation between ceremonial sites and cemeteries is crucial to understanding Andean concepts of death and renewal. In this article, alongside a detailed description of the site, we provide a preliminary analysis of the contents of one of the pukullo. In turn, these results are placed within their landscape context to discuss issues related to sacrality, water and death.
Boundary Effects in the Desiccation of Soil Layers with Controlled Environmental Conditions
Authors: Lakshmikantha M. R. , Prat Pere C. , Ledesma Alberto 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
This article presents the results of an experimental research carried to investigate the mechanics of cracking of soil layers under drying conditions. The tests were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions and in an environmental chamber with circular and rectangular specimens to investigate the effect of the boundary conditions (size, shape, and aspect ratio of the specimens and containers) on the process of initiation and propagation of cracks and on the final crack pattern at the end of desiccation. The tests in the environmental chamber were conducted with imposed temperature and relative humidity and provided new insight into the mechanics of the formation of cracks in a drying soil, and they showed that cracks can initiate either at the top, bottom, or at both surfaces of the drying specimen. The results also reveal how the crack patterns are controlled by the existing mechanical and hydraulic boundary conditions. The cracks seem to form sequentially in patterns that can be explained by three key factors: stresses higher than the tensile strength, the direction of the generated stresses, and the stress redistribution in the vicinity or inside the newly formed domain. In order to substantiate the sequential nature of the crack pattern formation, experimental evidences showing the existence of a cracking sequence during the laboratory desiccation experiments are presented and analyzed.
Rapid Estimation of Fouled Railroad Ballast Mechanical Properties
Authors: Neupane Madan , Parsons Robert L. , Han Jie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBallast fouling and ballast deterioration are significant maintenance concerns. Ballast fouling occurs because of the wearing of the ballast against the tie and other ballast, along with the intrusion of fines from the subgrade and deposition of coal dust or soil particles from the surface. In this study, the assessment of mechanical properties of fouled ballast using available geotechnical tests is discussed. These mechanical properties include subgrade reaction modulus from static plate loading tests, dynamic deformation modulus from light weight deflectometer (LWD) tests, and California bearing ratio (CBR) from dynamic cone penetrometer (DCP) tests. The test results show similar trends for these mechanical properties, which were determined by varying the fouling amount as well as the moisture content. The mechanical properties first increased with the moisture content up to a certain value and then decreased rapidly after a peak value. This article also discusses the correlations between these mechanical properties developed from the tests.
An Improved Rotating Soak Method for MICP-Treated Fine Sand in Specimen Preparation
Authors: Li Hongyan , Li Chi , Zhou Tuanjie , Liu Shihui , Li Lin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An improved preparation method for microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)–treated fine sand was studied in this article. By improving the test apparatus and adding some additives, the specimens had more comprehensive contact with calcium source solution. Unconfined compression strength (UCS) and triaxial shear strength (TSS) were tested on the specimens prepared through this improved experimental method. Three different bacteria concentrations, two additives with six addition amounts, and a nonadditive were prepared in the process of UCS and TSS testing. The results indicate that the UCS increased 2.7 times and the precipitated calcium carbonate in the core increased 1.6 times through this improved experimental method. The uniformity of specimens was also significantly promoted through this method. The optional bacteria concentration and the best amount of additive addition were proposed in consideration of mechanical performance and environment friendliness. Moreover, the improved preparation method presents a meaningful experiment exploration applying MICP technology to more extensive soil.
Application of Digital Image Correlation Technique for Measurement of Tensile Elastic Constants in Brazilian Tests on a Bi-Modular Crystalline Rock
Authors: Patel Shantanu , Martin C. Derek 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Most rocks show different elastic properties in tension and compression (bi-modularity). In this study, we derive new equations to calculate the tensile Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio from a Brazilian test by incorporating bi-modularity into stress–strain equations. We tested Brazilian specimens of Lac du Bonnet granite and compared the Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio in tension obtained with the values from direct tension tests on dog-bone shaped specimens. Digital image correlation (DIC) and conventional strain gauges were used to extract the strain on the flat surfaces of the Brazilian disks. With the DIC technique, a speckle density of approximately 250 speckles/cm2 was needed to accurately capture the strain pattern. The strain measured using the DIC technique was consistent with the strain measured using the conventional strain gauges. The major advantage of the DIC technique is the ability to map the complete strain pattern over the surface of the Brazilian disk and quantify the uniformity of loading. The Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio in tension were obtained using the new equations and were found to be in general agreement with the values obtained from the direct tension tests.
Measurements of the Shear Modulus of Materials by the Free-Plate Torsional Mode Shape Method
Authors: Wang Zheng , Wang Yunlu , Cao Yu , Gao Zizhen 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
In this work, according to the first-order torsional mode shape function computed by ANSYS software and the optimization principle, the relationship between the shear modulus of materials and the first-order torsional frequency of the free plate was established in terms of the energy method. Mode shape coefficients of orthotropic materials (lumbers of Sitka spruce, Scots pine, Beech, et al.) and isotropic materials (steel, aluminum, and glass) were calculated. The correlation between the mode shape coefficients of lumbers in tangential, radial, and cross sections and length-width and width-thickness ratios of the free plate was obtained. Also, the correlation between the mode shape coefficients of isotropic materials and the length-width ratio of the free plate were achieved. The correctness of these correlations was verified by mathematical simulation, dynamic testing, and static testing for shear modulus. The transient excitation method can be used to measure the spectrum of free plates. With the aid of the cross-power spectrum based on the frequency spectrum, the first-order torsional frequency of the free plate can be directly identified. The free-plate torsional mode shape method proposed in this work is applicable not only to testing the shear modulus of isotropic materials such as steel but also to testing shear modulus in the three main sections (GTL, GLR, and GRT) of orthotropic materials such as lumber.
The Surface Tension of Synthetic Blood Used for ASTM F1670 Penetration Tests
Authors: Portnoff Lee , Jaques Peter A. , Furlong Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The ASTM F1670 test method, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Synthetic Blood, was based on research involving transmission of bloodborne pathogens (Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV) in the 1980s. The test method details the measurement of synthetic blood penetration through garments. A key parameter affecting penetration is synthetic blood surface tension, which is measured via du Noüy ring tensiometer. However, little is known about the sources of variation impacting surface tension measurements. In this study, the synthetic blood used for ASTM F1670 was evaluated from within the ASTM F903 test apparatus, Standard Test Method for Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Clothing to Penetration by Liquids, and with two mixing treatments. Measurements were compared against two outside laboratories and with two alternate tensiometric methods (pendant drop and capillary rise). It was found that using the methods specified in the ASTM F1670 test method, surface tension of the synthetic blood was not 40–44 dynes/cm as was expected. The surface tension was initially above 50 dynes/cm and declined to below 40 dynes/cm after 60 minutes. The surface tension within the penetration cell was relatively constant over time, showing that the surface tension measurements outside the penetration cell are not indicative of the surface tension within the apparatus during the test. Shaking the synthetic blood, a mixing procedure detailed in the ASTM F1670 test method, increased the surface tension. The increase was greatest in a container having more airspace. Du Noüy ring measurements by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health compared to external labs were within 15 %. Testing with alternate methods showed that the “open to atmosphere” methods (ring and drop) began lower and declined rapidly when compared to the “closed to atmosphere” method (capillary). Results of this research will help amend the ASTM F1670 standard to better characterize the measurement and handling of synthetic blood used in the ASTM F1670 test and to provide a framework for consideration of test fluid used in future ASTM standards.
Linking Ecology and Service Function in Scenic Road Landscape Planning: A Spatial Analysis Approach
Authors: Qin Xiaochun , Cui Shengnan , Liu Shu 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
With the promotion of the concepts “Beautiful China” and “Green Transportation” in China, the conventional method of road landscape planning that primarily considered greening functions and visual aesthetics fell short of satisfying the current demands. The service quality provided for users of scenic roads increasingly became the major concern in landscape planning. In this article, the concept and methods of spatial and functional structure for scenic roads were introduced, focusing especially on the ecological and service value. In terms of the features of scenic roads in China, we proposed the ecological pattern analysis method based on sustainable development, the spatial structure analysis method based on different scales, and the service function method based on a point-axis system. Guided by ecological and service values, the multifunctional integrated service framework was established to form the landscape planning method system for scenic roads. Using the West Stone Forest Scenic Road (Xiqiao to Shilin) along the Stone Forest World Natural Heritage in Yunnan province of China as the case study, the landscape ecological pattern evaluation and planning, the landscape structure and spatial function planning, and the point-axis system and service extension planning were aligned with the analysis of roadside landscape types and characteristics by employing high-resolution remote sensing images and a geographic information system. By taking the multivalued service function into account, the integrated spatial analysis planning approach for West Stone Forest Scenic Road was established, which provided a theoretical reference and method guidance for establishing the theory and technology approaches for scenic road landscape planning in China.
Concise Review: Herbal remedies for the treatment of nausea and vomiting
Authors: Mohsenzadeh Azam , Ahmadipour Shokoufeh , Rahmani Parisa , Shakarami Parmida 
Published: May 2018

Background: Vomiting occurs when the contractions of stomach muscle walls cause a large amount of the stomach content to go upward and flow back into the esophagus; this process is very common among infants. The aim of this review was to present the effects of medicinal plants on vomiting.
Methods: In the current review, articles indexed in databases such as ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Islamic World Science Citation Center, Scientific Information Database, and Magiran were retrieved using the search terms ‘vomiting’, ‘nausea’, ‘medicinal plants’, and ‘traditional medicine’.
Results: Based on the research findings, the medicinal plants Zingiber officinale, Mentha piperita, Cinnamomum verum, Citrus limon, Matricaria chamomilla, Lavandula angustifolia, Allium cepa, Oryza sativa, Foeniculum vulgare, Cuminum cyminum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Elettaria cardamomum, Pimpinella anisum, Ferula assa-foetida, Ocimum basilicum, and Musa sapientum were selected as the focus.
Conclusion: In traditional medicine, treatment for vomiting is relevant, especially in children. The mechanisms of some of these plants have been understood but for many they are still unclear. Further investigations are needed to understand more about these medicinal plants and their mechanism of action for effective use in the clinic.
‘Girly Latina versus girly American’
Authors: Rojas-Sosa Deyanira 
Published: May 2018

The construction of gender and race are constantly negotiated by community members, and both categories affect the way speakers see themselves and others. By analysing a Latina student’s narrative, this study explores how she articulates through the use of several indexical processes, not only her own identity but also her friend’s, in order to explain how their classmates perceive them. In this narrative, the speaker explains how different levels of femininity, ‘girly American’ versus ‘girly Latina’, affect the way Latinas are perceived and, in some cases, treated in discriminatory ways. This analysis finds that her articulation of different levels of femininity, and her arguments about how different stereotypes associated with Latinas may cause discrimination, shows how the construction of gender and race are interrelated and fluid, and how there are certain performances of gender more acceptable than others even within the heterosexual norm. This analysis shows how language practices are fundamental to create and circulate ideologies about gender and ethnicity, and how essential it is to understand these practices in order to recognise and challenge the discrimination faced by minority groups in the United States, especially women of colour.