bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layerwise monitoring of electron beam melting via backscatter electron detection
Authors: Arnold Christopher , Pobel Christoph , Osmanlic Fuad , Körner Carolin 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is the introduction and validation of a new technique for process monitoring during electron beam melting (EBM).

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a backscatter electron detector inside the building chamber is used for image acquisition during EBM process. By systematic variation of process parameters, the ability of displaying different topographies, especially pores, is investigated. The results are evaluated in terms of porosity and compared with optical microscopy and X-ray computed tomography.

Findings
The method is capable of detecting major flaws (e.g. pores) and gives information about the quality of the resulting component.

Originality/value
Image acquisition by evaluating backscatter electrons during EBM process is a new approach in process monitoring which avoids disadvantages restricting previously investigated techniques.
A study on material-process interaction and optimization for VAT-photopolymerization processes
Authors: Aznarte Garcia Elisa , Qureshi Ahmed Jawad , Ayranci Cagri 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to present an investigation of material-process interaction of VAT-photopolymerization processes. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effect of different printing factors on the tensile properties, such as elastic modulus, of 3D printed specimens.

Design/methodology/approach
To perform this study, Design of Experiments is used by the use of Taguchi’s techniques. The relationship between each factor and the elastic modulus, ultimate tensile stress and strain at break is obtained. Furthermore, the total print time is analyzed with respect to the obtained properties.

Findings
The study indicates that part orientation, exposure time to the UV light and layer thickness are the most important factors affecting the investigated properties. At the same time, it was found that the highest mechanical properties can be obtained with the shortest printing times. A comprehensive list of factors available on the slicing software and other factors, like the orientation of the part or its position, is investigated. Future studies including post curing and chemical characteristics based on the obtained results are necessary.

Originality/value
As a result of this research, it is outlined that using design for additive manufacturing for vat-photopolymerization, especially on DLP processes, 3D printing methods can be stablished. Furthermore, it outlines the possibility of tailoring mechanical properties of printed parts as a function of print parameters and print time. Considering the limited amount of information available in the open literature, the results presented in this paper are of great interest for researchers in the field of VAT-photopolymerization.
An overview of human activity recognition based on smartphone
Authors: Yuan Guan , Wang Zhaohui , Meng Fanrong , Yan Qiuyan , Xia Shixiong 
Published: October 2018

PurposeCurrently, ubiquitous smartphones embedded with various sensors provide a convenient way to collect raw sequence data. These data bridges the gap between human activity and multiple sensors. Human activity recognition has been widely used in quite a lot of aspects in our daily life, such as medical security, personal safety, living assistance and so on.Design/methodology/approachTo provide an overview, the authors survey and summarize some important technologies and involved key issues of human activity recognition, including activity categorization, feature engineering as well as typical algorithms presented in recent years. In this paper, the authors first introduce the character of embedded sensors and dsiscuss their features, as well as survey some data labeling strategies to get ground truth label. Then, following the process of human activity recognition, the authors discuss the methods and techniques of raw data preprocessing and feature extraction, and summarize some popular algorithms used in model training and activity recognizing. Third, they introduce some interesting application scenarios of human activity recognition and provide some available data sets as ground truth data to validate proposed algorithms.FindingsThe authors summarize their viewpoints on human activity recognition, discuss the main challenges and point out some potential research directions.Originality/valueIt is hoped that this work will serve as the steppingstone for those interested in advancing human activity recognition.
Revisiting the relationship between corporate governance and corporate social and environmental disclosure practices in Pakistan
Authors: Ashfaq Khurram , Rui Zhang 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThis study aims to revisit the corporate social and environmental disclosure (CSED) practices of Pakistani companies using unique CSED index which measures the CSED through three dimensions such as theme, news type and nature of information. In addition, the effect of board composition, ownership structure and corporate characteristics on CSED was tested through performing multiple regression analysis.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, data were collected from annual reports of top 120 companies’ selected based on market capitalization for three years period of 2013-2015.FindingsBased on the descriptive statistics, the results found that overall level of CSED in Pakistan is moderate. However considering CSED using three dimensions, the results demonstrate that highest level of disclosure on the basis of theme is reported in terms of human resource category as compared to other categories where, as in terms of news type and nature of information, analysis shows that companies in Pakistan feel resistant to disclose bad news, monetary and non-monetary aspect of CSED information. Using multiple regression analysis, the results found that all the variables have hypothesized relationship with CSED except government and institutional ownership. The variables such as chairman as non-executive director, board diversity, appointment of independent director as audit committee chairman, CSR committee, industry type and firm size are found to have significant influence on the CSED practices in Pakistan.Research limitations/implicationsThese results imply that the CSED phenomenon is still lacking behind. Under individual categories of CSED, descriptive statistics found that environment is still not a matter of concern for companies operating in Pakistan. In addition, the results demonstrate that CSED practices are only performed by very few companies in Pakistan based on standard deviation. In addition, appointment of non-executive and independent director as chairman of board and audit committee and representation of foreigners on the board should be encouraged in order to improve CSED practices in Pakistan.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the existing literature in developing country like Pakistan through using unique CSED index and also making comparison of financial versus non-financial sectors. The author suggests that regulatory authorities in Pakistan must take reasonable steps to make the company’s operations environment-friendly.
The impact of existence of royal family directors on corporate social responsibility reporting: a servant leadership perspective
Authors: Alazzani Abdulsamad , Aljanadi Yaseen , Shreim Obeid 
Published: October 2018

PurposeDrawing on servant leadership theory, this study aims to investigate whether the presence of royal family members on boards of directors impacts corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting.Design/methodology/approachCSR scores from a Bloomberg database are used and royal family data are collected from annual reports. The required analyses to test the hypotheses of this study have been performed.FindingsThe findings demonstrate a positive relationship between the presence of royal family directors and CSR reporting.Originality/valueThis study seeks to contribute to the literature on servant leadership theory and CSR by highlighting the impact of royal family directors on CSR reporting. This study may also contribute to an understanding of royal family leadership as a predictor of CSR reporting.
Developing sustainable food consumption: a case study of localized food supply in Beijing
Authors: Liu Shuo 
Published: October 2018

PurposeChina’s rapid economic growth has greatly changed its consumption pattern of agricultural food. Wealthy Chinese consumers demand food of superior quality. However, with the national grain security goal focused primarily on self-sufficiency, China has no choice but to keep increasing the scale of agricultural industrialization and modernization, which inevitably brings in unwanted chemical input that puts food safety at risk. China’s consumers started to adopt an alternative food supply method. This paper aims to examine how Chinese consumers use privatized ways (i.e. their own social capital) to select high-quality local agricultural products as a unique type of inverted quarantine.Design/methodology/approachThis paper mainly used a qualitative research method, including participant observation and in-depth interviews as the main sources of data. For the fieldwork, two providers of high-quality food in Beijing were selected as the research sites. Data were collected by in-depth interviews with consumers and organizers of the two local food suppliers and participant observation of online and offline interactions between food providers and consumers.FindingsInstead of seeing development of consumer citizenship, what is witnessed is consumers use their private resources or networks to deal with risks created by institutional failure. In this sense, it is a type of inverted quarantine, but is different from what Szasz described in his book. Instead of purchasing bottled water or organic food sold in the mainstream supermarkets, Chinese middle-class consumers rely more on their personal relations with food suppliers and start to adopt an alternative way of food supply.Research limitations/implicationsBeijing consumers are among the most privileged, in terms of income level and access to alternative trusted sources of food. Therefore, the findings of this paper may not be applicable to other provincial cities in China. A comparative research on healthy food consumption patterns among major cities in China still require further attention. In addition, with the flourish of online shopping platforms, it is highly likely that the current shopping patterns among the affluent middle-class consumers will change accordingly.Originality/valueThis paper reveals the current uncertainty experienced by Chinese middle-class consumers and showed their concerns related to food safety. It may shed some lights on the current discussion about middle-class anxiety in Mainland China. It also developed a typology of inverted quarantine with empirical evidence, and therefore helps further develop the concept of inverted quarantine.
Additive effects of plant chemotype, mutualistic ants and predators on aphid performance and survival
Authors: Senft Matthias , Clancy Mary V. , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter , Zytynska Sharon E. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Cascading effects in ecological systems acting across three or more trophic levels can be either of a resource‐based (bottom‐up) or natural enemy‐based (top‐down) nature. But, due to their complexity, these effects are often considered separately and their relative strength, acting simultaneously, remains unknown.

In a semi‐natural field experiment using tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) and the specialised tansy‐aphid Metopeurum fuscoviride Stroyan as a model system, we compared the effects of four distinct plant chemotypes (i.e., bottom‐up), defined by the bouquet of their volatile terpenoids, on aphid population dynamics by manipulating the presence/absence of mutualistic ants and presence/absence of naturally occurring predators (i.e., top‐down).

Predators reduced aphid abundance and colony survival but did not reduce initial growth rate due to a time‐lag until predators arrived on the plants. Ants directly benefited initial aphid growth rates and abundance, even in the absence of predators, but not the number of days an aphid colony persisted on the plant.

Plant chemotype directly affected aphid growth rate and final abundances across the different plants and indirectly affected the abundances of tending ants and predators through effects on aphids. We found that tending ants were more abundant on one plant chemotype. Although ant abundance did not affect aphid population development, it became clear that ants had a preference towards aphids on certain chemotypes. However, a higher number of predators led to a lower number of aphids.

The results confirm the importance of plant chemical variation, acting through multiple effects on many species in arthropod communities, and support results from field studies. In a natural population, with a diverse selection of host‐plant variants, aphid populations and their interacting species can therefore be structured at the level of an individual plant. Specialist aphids on patchily distributed host plants can exhibit metacommunity dynamics at very local scales. Plant within‐species variation within a local population is often ignored in metacommunity ecology, yet our work shows that this can have strong effects on insect–ant–natural enemy dynamics, and therefore, future research should incorporate this into current theory and experimental studies.

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Is a problem shared a problem halved? Shared services and municipal efficiency
Authors: McQuestin Dana , Drew Joseph 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt has long been argued that shared services represent an efficacious means of securing efficiencies for municipalities. Indeed, pressures from fiscal austerity, taxation limitations, and the specter of forced amalgamations have resulted in an increasing uptake of shared service arrangements. However, the extant evidence is rather inconclusive and is largely restricted to analyzing the nett efficiency outcomes for the specific service shared. We broaden this evidential base by examining the association between shared service production and the efficiency of entire municipalities. Our analysis, employing a 5‐year panel of data, suggests that shared services are associated with a statistically significant reduction in overall municipal efficiency. We conclude by explicating on the public policy implications arising from ourprima faciesurprising results.
Constructing Cityscapes: Locality, Materiality and Territoriality on the Urban Construction Site in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Northwest China
Authors: Kobi Madlen 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUrbanization in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Northwest China) has gained momentum in the last three decades. The Chinese government supports infrastructure development in this border region and construction sites have been emerging everywhere. Often framed as a planned nation‐state project of sinicization from above, from an ethnographic perspective infrastructure development involves a much more diverse set of actors and their different motives. The construction sector offers a gateway for global and national architectural designs and manpower to enter the making of local cityscapes. Besides engaging with the political economy of construction activities, this article outlines the meaning of the construction site as a place where social and ethnic senses of locality are negotiated. The data show that many of the economic, material, social and design mobilities on the construction site in Xinjiang extend eastwards to the rest of China rather than to Central Asian countries which are geographically much closer. Power relations and ethnic issues become interwoven into the construction of new cityscapes. In particular, the domination of Han actors in the planning and implementation of construction projects shapes not only the materiality of the built environment but also related senses of locality.
Real world study of the continuation of bevacizumab beyond disease progression after first‐line treatment containing bevacizumab in Chinese patients with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xing Puyuan , Mu Yuxin , Wang Yan , Hao Xuezhi , Zhu Yixiang , Hu Xingsheng , Wang Hongyu , Liu Peng , Lin Lin , Wang Zhijie , Li Junling 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundBevacizumab (Bev) plus platinum‐based chemotherapy is a standard first‐line treatment option for advanced non‐squamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NS‐NSCLC). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of continuing Bev in Chinese patients with advanced NS‐NSCLC progression after first‐line treatment containing Bev in a real‐world setting.MethodsThe data of 118 patients with advanced NS‐NSCLC who received Bev between July 2009 and July 2017 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into groups: 15 in Bev first‐line, 82 in Bev ≥ second‐line, and 21 in Bev cross‐lines. The primary endpoint was overall survival; secondary objectives were progression‐free survival, objective response rate, disease control rate, and safety.ResultsThe overall survival was 21.8, 32.5, and 18.9 months (P = 0.092) in the overall population and 39.3, 25.8, and 15.0 months (P = 0.347) in the wild‐type population in the Bev first‐line, Bev ≥ second‐line, and Bev cross‐lines groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in progression‐free survival of second‐line treatment between the groups in the overall population: 2.6, 3.7, and 3.2 months in the Bev first‐line, Bev ≥ second‐line, and Bev cross‐lines groups, respectively (P = 0.796). No statistically significant improvement in objective response or disease control rates in the Bev cross‐lines group was observed. No unexpected or severe adverse events were recorded.ConclusionWe found no benefit in continuing Bev treatment beyond progression after first‐line treatment containing Bev for patients with advanced NS‐NSCLC. Further research of validated predictive biomarkers of response to treatment after long‐term antiangiogenic therapy is required.
Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery—2018
Authors: Evered Lis , Silbert Brendan , Knopman David S. , Scott David A. , DeKosky Steven T. , Rasmussen Lars S. , Oh Esther S. , Crosby Greg , Berger Miles , Eckenhoff R. G. ,   The Nomenclature Consensus Working Group
Published: October 2018

AbstractCognitive change affecting patients after anaesthesia and surgery has been recognised for more than 100 yr. Research into cognitive change after anaesthesia and surgery accelerated in the 1980s when multiple studies utilised detailed neuropsychological testing for assessment of cognitive change after cardiac surgery. This body of work consistently documented decline in cognitive function in elderly patients after anaesthesia and surgery, and cognitive changes have been identified up to 7.5 yr afterwards. Importantly, other studies have identified that the incidence of cognitive change is similar after non‐cardiac surgery. Other than the inclusion of non‐surgical control groups to calculate postoperative cognitive dysfunction, research into these cognitive changes in the perioperative period has been undertaken in isolation from cognitive studies in the general population. The aim of this work is to develop similar terminology to that used in cognitive classifications of the general population for use in investigations of cognitive changes after anaesthesia and surgery. A multispecialty working group followed a modified Delphi procedure with no prespecified number of rounds comprised of three face‐to‐face meetings followed by online editing of draft versions.Two major classification guidelines [Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM‐5) and National Institute for Aging and the Alzheimer Association (NIA‐AA)] are used outside of anaesthesia and surgery, and may be useful for inclusion of biomarkers in research. For clinical purposes, it is recommended to use the DSM‐5 nomenclature. The working group recommends that ‘perioperative neurocognitive disorders’ be used as an overarching term for cognitive impairment identified in the preoperative or postoperative period. This includes cognitive decline diagnosed before operation (described as neurocognitive disorder); any form of acute event (postoperative delirium) and cognitive decline diagnosed up to 30 days after the procedure (delayed neurocognitive recovery) and up to 12 months (postoperative neurocognitive disorder).
Delirium assessment in neuro‐critically ill patients: A validation study
Authors: Larsen Laura Krone , Frøkjær Vibe G. , Nielsen Jette Stub , Skrobik Yoanna , Winkler Yvonne , Møller Kirsten , Petersen Marian , Egerod Ingrid 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundDelirium is underinvestigated in the neuro‐critically ill, although the harmful effect of delirium is well established in patients in medical and surgical intensive care units (ICU).To detect delirium, a valid tool is needed. We hypothesized that delirium screening would be feasible in patients with acute brain injury and we aimed to validate and compare the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist against clinical International Classification of Diseases‐10 criteria as reference.MethodsNurses assessed delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU and Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist in adult patients with acute brain injury admitted to the Neurointensive care unit (Neuro‐ICU), Copenhagen University Hospital, if their Richmond agitation‐sedation scale score was −2 or above. As the reference, a team of psychiatrist assessed patients using the International Classification of Diseases‐10 criteria.ResultsWe enrolled 74 patients, of whom 25 (34%) were deemed unable to assess by the psychiatrists, leaving 49 (66%) for final analysis. Sensitivity and specificity for the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU was 59% (95% CI: 41‐75) and 56% (95% CI: 32‐78), respectively, and 85% (95% CI: 70‐94) and 75% (95% CI: 51‐92), respectively, for the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist may be a valid tool and the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU is less suitable for delirium detection for patients in the Neuro‐ICU. In the neuro‐critically ill, delirium screening is challenged by limited feasibility.