bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Influence of Key Physical Processes on the Formation of Emission Lines Observed by IRIS. I. Non-equilibrium Ionization and Density-dependent Rates
Authors: Bradshaw Stephen J. , Testa Paola 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the work described here, we investigate atomic processes leading to the formation of emission lines within the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph wavelength range at temperatures near 105 K. We focus on (1) non-equilibrium and (2) density-dependent effects influencing the formation and radiative properties of S iv and O iv. These two effects have significant impacts on spectroscopic diagnostic measurements of quantities associated with the plasma that emission lines from S iv and O iv provide. We demonstrate this by examining nanoflare-based coronal heating to determine what the detectable signatures are in transition region emission. A detailed comparison between predictions from numerical experiments and several sets of observational data is presented to show how one can ascertain when non-equilibrium ionization and/or density-dependent atomic processes are important for diagnosing nanoflare properties, the magnitude of their contribution, and what information can be reliably extracted from the spectral data. Our key findings are the following. (1) The S/O intensity ratio is a powerful diagnostic of non-equilibrium ionization. (2) Non-equilibrium ionization has a strong effect on the observed line intensities even in the case of relatively weak nanoflare heating. (3) The density dependence of atomic rate coefficients is only important when the ion population is out of equilibrium. (4) In the sample of active regions we examined, weak nanoflares coupled with non-equilibrium ionization and density-dependent atomic rates were required to explain the observed properties (e.g., the S/O intensity ratios). (5) Enhanced S/O intensity ratios cannot be due solely to the heating strength and must depend on other processes (e.g., heating frequency, non-Maxwellian distributions).
Ultraviolet HST Spectroscopy of Planck Cold Clumps
Authors: Dirks Cody , Meyer David M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We report results of the first study utilizing the ultraviolet capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope to investigate a sample of Planck Galactic Cold Clump (PGCC) sources. We have selected high-resolution spectra toward 25 stars that contain a multitude of interstellar absorption lines associated with the interstellar medium (ISM) gas within these PGCC sources, including carbon monoxide (CO), C i and O i. By building cloud-component models of the individual absorption components present in these spectra, we can identify and isolate components associated with the PGCC sources, allowing for a more accurate investigation of the ISM behavior within these sources. Despite probing a broad range of overall sightline properties, we detect CO along each sightline. Sightlines with CO column density N(CO) > 1015 cm−2 exhibit spatial dependence in N(CO) and CO/C i, while sightlines with N(CO) < 1015 cm−2 show no such spatial dependence. Differences between N(H2) values derived from UV absorption and dust emission suggest structure in the spatial distribution of N(H2), where “CO-bright” sightlines are associated with PGCC sources embedded within smooth translucent envelopes, and “CO-dark” sightlines are associated with PGCC sources embedded in patchier environments containing more diffuse gas.
Observations of Solar Wind from Earth-directed Coronal Pseudostreamers
Authors: Wang Y.-M. , Panasenco O. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Low-speed (≲450 km s−1) solar wind is widely considered to originate from streamer loops that intermittently release their contents into the heliosphere, in contrast to high-speed wind, which has its source in large coronal holes. To account for the presence of slow wind far from the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), it has been suggested that “pseudostreamers” rooted between coronal holes of the same polarity continually undergo interchange reconnection with the adjacent open flux, producing a wide band of slow wind centered on the separatrix/plasma sheet that extends outward from the pseudostreamer cusp. Employing extreme-ultraviolet images and potential-field source-surface extrapolations, we have identified 10 Earth-directed pseudostreamers during 2013–2016. In situ measurements show wind speeds ranging from ∼320 to ∼600 km s−1 in the days immediately preceding and following the predicted pseudostreamer crossings, with the proton densities and O7+/O6+ ratios tending to be inversely correlated with the bulk speed. We also identify examples of coronal holes that straddle the solar equator and give rise to wind speeds of order 400 km s−1. Our results support the idea that the bulk of the slow wind observed more than a few degrees from the HCS originates from just inside coronal holes.
Predicting the Rossby Number in Convective Experiments
Authors: Anders Evan H. , Manduca Cathryn M. , Brown Benjamin P. , Oishi Jeffrey S. , Vasil Geoffrey M. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The Rossby number is a crucial parameter describing the degree of rotational constraint on the convective dynamics in stars and planets. However, it is not an input to computational models of convection but must be measured ex post facto. Here, we report the discovery of a new quantity, the predictive Rossby number, which is both tightly correlated with the Rossby number and specified in terms of common inputs to numerical models. The predictive Rossby number can be specified independent of Rayleigh number, allowing suites of numerical solutions to separate the degree of rotational constraint from the strength of the driving of convection. We examine the scaling of convective transport in terms of the Nusselt number and the degree of turbulence in terms of the Reynolds number of the flow, and we find scaling laws nearly identical to those in non-rotational convection at low Rossby number when the predictive Rossby number is held constant. Finally, we describe the boundary layers as a function of increasing turbulence at constant Rossby number.
An Analytic Model for Mass Transfer in Binaries with Arbitrary Eccentricity, with Applications to Triple-star Systems
Authors: Hamers Adrian S. , Dosopoulou Fani 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Most studies of mass transfer in binary systems assume circular orbits at the onset of Roche lobe overflow. However, there are theoretical and observational indications that mass transfer could occur in eccentric orbits. In particular, eccentricity could be produced via sudden mass loss and velocity kicks during supernova explosions, or Lidov–Kozai (LK) oscillations in hierarchical triple systems, or, more generally, secular evolution in multiple-star systems. However, current analytic models of eccentric mass transfer are faced with the problem that they are only well defined in the limit of very high eccentricities and break down for less eccentric and circular orbits. This provides a major obstacle to implementing such models in binary and higher-order population synthesis codes, which are useful tools for studying the long-term evolution of a large number of systems. Here we present a new analytic model to describe the secular orbital evolution of binaries undergoing conservative mass transfer. The main improvement of our model is that the mass transfer rate is a smoothly varying function of orbital phase, rather than a delta function centered at periapsis. Consequently, our model is in principle valid for any eccentricity, thereby overcoming the main limitation of previous works. We implement our model in an easy-to-use and publicly available code that can be used as a basis for implementations of our model into population synthesis codes. We investigate the implications of our model in a number of applications with circular and eccentric binaries and triples undergoing LK oscillations.
Late Central-engine Activity in GRB 180205A
Authors: Becerra R. L. , Watson A. M. , Fraija N. , Butler N. R. , Lee W. H. , Troja E. , Román-Zúñiga C. G. , Kutyrev A. S. , Álvarez Nuñez L. C. , Ángeles F. , Chapa O. , Cuevas S. , Farah A. S. , Fuentes-Fernández J. , Figueroa L. , Langarica R. , Quirós F. , Ruíz-Díaz-Soto J. , Tejada C. G. , Tinoco S. J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We present optical photometry of the afterglow of the long GRB 180205A with the COATLI telescope from 217 s to about 5 days after the Swift/BAT trigger. We analyze this photometry in conjunction with the X-ray light curve from Swift/XRT. The late-time light curves and spectra are consistent with the standard forward-shock scenario. However, the early-time optical and X-ray light curves show atypical behavior; the optical light curve exhibits a flat plateau while the X-ray light curve shows a flare. We explore several scenarios and conclude that the most likely explanation for the early behavior is late activity of the central engine.
Confirming Herschel Candidate Protoclusters from ALMA/VLA CO Observations
Authors: Gómez-Guijarro C. , Riechers D. A. , Pavesi R. , Magdis G. E. , Leung T. K. D. , Valentino F. , Toft S. , Aravena M. , Chapman S. C. , Clements D. L. , Dannerbauer H. , Oliver S. J. , Pérez-Fournon I. , Valtchanov I. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
ALMA 870 μm continuum imaging has uncovered a population of blends of multiple dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) in sources originally detected with the Herschel Space Observatory. However, their pairwise separations are much smaller than what is found by ALMA follow-up of other single-dish surveys or expected from theoretical simulations. Using ALMA and the Very Large Array, we have targeted three of these systems to confirm whether the multiple 870 μm continuum sources lie at the same redshift, successfully detecting 12CO (J = 3–2) and 12CO (J = 1–0) lines and being able to confirm that in the three cases all the multiple DSFGs are likely physically associated within the same structure. Therefore, we report the discovery of two new gas-rich dusty protocluster cores (HELAISS02, z = 2.171 ± 0.004; HXMM20, z = 2.602 ± 0.002). The third target is located in the well-known COSMOS overdensity at z = 2.51 (named CL J1001+0220 in the literature), for which we do not find any new secure CO (1–0) detection, although some of its members show only tentative detections and require further confirmation. From the gas, dust, and stellar properties of the two new protocluster cores, we find very large molecular gas fractions yet low stellar masses, pushing the sources above the main sequence (MS), while not enhancing their star formation efficiency. We suggest that the sources might be newly formed galaxies migrating to the MS. The properties of the three systems compared to each other and to field galaxies may suggest a different evolutionary stage between systems.
The Lyell Collection at the Earth Sciences Department, Natural History Museum, London (UK)
Authors: Sendino Consuelo 
Published: February 2019

This paper provides a quantitative and general description of the Lyell Collection kept in the Department of Earth Sciences at the Natural History Museum of London. This collection started to be built by the eminent British geologist Sir Charles Lyell (1797-1875) in 1846 when the first specimen reached the Museum. The last one entered in 1980 donated by one of Lyell’s heirs. There are more than 1700 specimens, mainly hand specimens with 93% of the fauna and flora from the Cenozoic of the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Canaries and Madeira. Those specimens that belong to the Lyell Collection with certainty have been databased and imaged. Currently they are being geo-referred automatically with the rest of the site geo-references at the NHM. This collection could be increased by a couple of dozen more specimens with those specimens located in the same drawers, but they do not have collector details. The work of data collection of these specimens was implemented over a year from 2016 to 2017, including annelids; brachiopods; bryozoans; echinoderms; scyphozoans; bivalves; gastropods; scaphopods; trilobites; plants; reptiles; fishes; and mammals.
Access to the specimen-level data is available through the NHM data portal with the images associated. This is the first time that a description of the Fossil Lyell Collection dataset is available in the literature.
Les paradoxes de la supervision
Authors: Salmon Gildas 
Published: February 2019

L’ambition affichée par les Britanniques d’instaurer le « règne du droit » dans les provinces conquises par la Compagnie des Indes à la fin du XVIII e siècle recouvre un projet de modernisation paradoxal, distinct de la rhétorique de la mission civilisatrice qui s’imposera au XIX e siècle : gouverner les Indiens selon leurs propres lois mieux qu’eux-mêmes ne sont capables de le faire. À travers l’analyse d’une affaire cruciale pour l’histoire du système judiciaire impérial, l’affaire de Patna, cet article met en évidence la faillite du dispositif mis en place par la puissance coloniale pour faire contrôler par des juges anglais l’administration du droit musulman dans les tribunaux du Bengale. Ce faisant, l’enjeu n’est pas seulement d’illustrer les difficultés auxquelles se heurte le mode d’exercice du pouvoir privilégié par les Britanniques, la supervision , dans un empire où coexistent plusieurs formes de droit hétérogènes. Il est également d’esquisser à partir des formes de réflexivité déployées en situation par les administrateurs coloniaux une généalogie de l’orientalisme, en montrant comment et pourquoi un savoir capable d’objectiver les systèmes juridiques propres aux peuples colonisés dans leur différence avec celui des colonisateurs est devenu nécessaire à l’exercice de la gouvernementalité impériale.
Les défis de l’approvisionnement alimentaire : acteurs, lieux et liens
Authors: Janin Pierre 
Published: February 2019

Dans un monde d’instabilités et d’inégalités croissantes, l’approvisionnement alimentaire apparaît comme un défi permanent pour les gouvernants et pour les sociétés. Au-delà de ses modalités pratiques d’organisation, il renvoie à deux enjeux fondamentaux : celui de la maîtrise stratégique des flux et celui des liens géographiques et sociaux au sein des systèmes d’approvisionnement. Cet article introductif insiste sur les complémentarités des approches couramment mobilisées pour aborder cette question, récemment peu étudiée. En associant, de manière étroite, le champ des ressources et des pouvoirs, il rappelle combien la fourniture de denrées n’est pas seulement une question technique de prix, de volumes et de flux, mais dépend in fine des relations établies entre différents types d’acteurs : États, entreprises, collectivités, réseaux marchands… On constate que, dans certains contextes autoritaires (pays du Golfe, Amérique latine), la présence de l’État-organisateur reste incontournable, tandis que, hors crise (Afrique subsaharienne), une plus large place est laissée à des dynamiques plus informelles.
Índice de Massa Corporal como preditor de multimorbidade na população brasileira
Authors: Christofoletti Marina , Streb Anne Ribeiro , Del Duca Giovani Firpo 
Published: February 2019

Overweight is a health risk indicator, but little is known about its influence on the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) multimorbidity. The aim of this study was to identify the predictive values and sociodemographic factors associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) as a determinant of the occurrence of NCD multimorbidity in Brazilian men and women. Data from the “Surveillance of risk and protection factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey” - 2013 national survey were used. The population was composed of ≥18 year-old individuals and those living in house with a fixed telephone line in the 27 Brazilian’s capitals. The outcome variables were BMI and its respective predictive value for the occurrence of multimorbidity (≥2 NCDs). The exposure was age, marital status and educational level. Inferential statistics included the construction of Receiver Operating Characteristic curves (cutoff point defined by sensibility [Se] and specificity [Sp]) and the association by Poisson Regression, stratified by sex. The values with the best predictive capacity for multimorbidity were 26.7 kg/m² (Se = 60.9%, Sp = 60.2%) for men and 25.7 kg/m² (Se = 61.8%, Sp = 61.1%) for women. The predictive multimorbidity value followed the progress of age groups up to 55 to 64 years for both groups. Women with higher educational level showed an inverse association for the presence of the outcome. BMI can be considered a predictor of the occurrence of multimorbidity, and sociodemographic profile associated with this predictive value was advancement age and inversely associated with educational level in women.
No acute effect of whole-body vibration on Roundhouse kick and countermovement jump performance of competitive Taekwondo athletes
Authors: Oliveira Mariana Paulino , Cochrane Darryl , Drummond Marcos Daniel Motta , Albuquerque Maicon Rodrigues , Almeida Pedro Augusto Santos , Couto Bruno Pena 
Published: February 2019

Little is known about the effect of whole body vibration (WBV) has on specific sports action such as taekwondo kicking technique. Fifteen individuals (10 males and 5 females; 18.6 ± 2.1 years), performed two experimental protocols on separate days: A) 1 minute exposure at 26 Hz frequency of WBV followed by countermovement jump (CMJ) test; B) 1 minute exposure at 26 Hz frequency of WBV followed by kick test. A Student’s t-Test analysis was performed to evaluate the difference between performance before and after vibration intervention. The CMJ height means (cm) were 34.1 ± 6.4 before and 34.2 ± 6.5 after WBV exposure. The CMJ maximal force means were 1582.6 ± 214.3 before WBV and 1595.7 ± 205.0 after WBV, while Impulse means (N.s) were 283.3 ± 48.6 before WBV and 282.6 ± 46.6 after WBV. The kick time means (ms) were 219.9±20.31 before WBV and 218.9±19.81 after WBV. No significant differences were found regarding the application of mechanical vibration for all variables. Thus, the vibration intervention (1 minute of WBV at 26 Hz and 6 mm) adopted in this present study may have not been substantial to improve Roundhouse kick time (p=0.73), jump height (p=0.80), maximal force (p=0.78) and impulse (p=0.38) of taekwondo athletes. Future studies should investigate new vibration protocols (amplitude, frequency) and training (intensity, exercise, duration) to determine optimal parameters.
The measurement of atmospheric CO2 at KMA GAW regional stations, its characteristics, and comparisons with other East Asian sites
Authors: Lee Haeyoung , Han Sang-Ok , Ryoo Sang-Boom , Lee Jeong-Soon , Lee Gang-Woong 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. To understand the carbon cycle at policy-relevant spatial scales, a high
density of high-quality CO2 measurement sites is needed. In 2012, the
Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) installed CO2 monitoring
systems at Anmyeondo (AMY) in the west, Jejudo Gosan Suwolbong (JGS) in the
southwest, and Ulleungdo (ULD) in the east of South Korea. Three stations were instrumented
with identical greenhouse gas measurement systems based on cavity ring-down
spectroscopy (CRDS) and a new drying system developed by KMA and the Korea
Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS). This drying system is
suitable in humid areas; water vapor measured using CRDS in ambient air
was 0.001 % to 0.004 % across the stations. Measurement uncertainties
expressed by the quadrature sum of the uncertainties from the drying system,
scale propagations, repeatability, and reproducibility were ∼0.11 ppm from all KMA stations in the 68 % confidence interval. Average monthly
CO2 enhancements above the local background at each station were 4.3±3.3 ppm at AMY, 1.7±1.3 ppm at JGS, and 1±1.9 ppm
(1σ) at ULD, respectively, during 2012 to 2016. At AMY station,
located between China and South Korea, CO2 annual means and seasonal
variations are also greater than the other KMA stations, indicating that it is
affected not only by local vegetation, but also added anthropogenic sources.
Selected baseline CO2 at AMY and at JGS in the west of South Korea is
more sensitive to East Asia (e.g., China) according to wind direction and speed. Through
the comparison of long-term trends and growth rates at AMY with other East
Asian stations over 15 years, it was suggested that they could be affected not only by local vegetation but also by measurement quality.
Stabilities and non-stabilities of reciprocal-nonic and reciprocal-decic functional equations
Authors: Bodaghi Abasalt , Senthil Kumar Beri Venkatachalapathy , Rassias John Michael 
Published: February 2019

This paper focuses at the various stability results of reciprocal-nonic and reciprocal-decic functional equations in non-Archimedean fields and illustrations of proper examples for their non-stabilities.
INFLUÊNCIA DAS ESPÉCIES EXÓTICAS INVASORAS NA EXPRESSÃO DA DIVERSIDADE DA ARBORIZAÇÃO DE RUAS DE CURITIBA-PR
Authors: Bobrowski Rogério , Biondi Daniela 
Published: February 2019

A diversificação da composição de espécies é objetivo primordial do planejamento da arborização de ruas. Sem conhecimento técnico especializado e reconhecimento do comportamento ecológico de uma espécie pode-se introduzir aquelas com potencial invasor. Este trabalho objetivou analisar a composição da diversidade de espécies na arborização de ruas, a contribuição das espécies exóticas e exóticas invasoras na expressão do índice de Shannon-Wiener e a variação da diversidade de espécies entre duas ocasiões de medição. Para isso foram remedidas 15 unidades amostrais de um inventário de 1984, sendo analisada a proporção de espécies nas parcelas e entre os inventários. Constatou-se que para as espécies exóticas invasoras mais freqüentes, em ambos os inventários (Ligustrum lucidum e Melia azedarach), houve redução na quantidade de indivíduos. Entretanto, para Eriobotrya japonica, Hovenia dulcis e Pittosporum undulatum as proporções de aumento foram respectivamente iguais a 70%, 1100% e 700%. Os valores do índice se Shannon-Wiener foram significativamente diferentes (p<0,01) para 12 parcelas e para o total amostrado. A remoção das espécies exóticas invasoras não alterou significativamente (p>0,01) o valor do índice para o ano de 2010, mas com a remoção das espécies exóticas as alterações se tornaram significativas (p<0,01) acarretando em menores valores do índice.
AVALIAÇÃO AMBIENTAL DO PARQUE MUNICIPAL MAURICIO DE OLIVEIRA, MOSSORÓ/RN
Authors: Santos Paulo César Da Silva , Medeiros Aquino Gutierres Silva , Alves Livia Laiane Barbosa , De Almeida Gleiciana Nascimento , De Castro Vinicius Gomes , Botrel Rejane Tavares 
Published: February 2019

Com objetivo de determinar os pontos positivos e negativos, quantificar e qualificar a vegetação arbórea do Parque Municipal Mauricio de Oliveira, Mossoró/RN, foram realizados a avaliação pós ocupação (APO) e o censo arbóreo completo na área. Através de uma análise Walkthrough (caminhamento), os principais pontos negativos apontados foram pistas de caminhada com larguras inadequadas, falta de planejamento do estacionamento de veículos, falta de iluminação adequada e poluição do rio Apodi-Mossoró localizado na área do parque. Entre os pontos positivos destacou-se a importância do parque para o lazer da população de Mossoró. A partir do levantamento dos indivíduos arbóreos na área de estudo, registrou-se a ocorrência de 3897 individuos, distribuídas em 12 famílias e 24 espécies, sedo Prosopis juliflora a espécie mais frequente. As plantas exóticas foram predominantes na arborização do parque (54%) tanto em espécies (13) quanto em número de indivíduos (3577), o que acaba causando prejuízos ao ecossistema. Observou-se que o parque apresenta problemas ambientais, que precisam ser minimizados ou eliminados.