bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical Habitat Use by Adult Walleyes Conflicts with Expectations from Fishery‐Independent Surveys
Authors: Gorman A. M. , Kraus R. T. , Gutowsky L. F. G. , Vandergoot C. S. , Zhao Y. , Knight C. T. , Faust M. D. , Hayden T. A. , Krueger C. C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractStock assessments of Walleyes Sander vitreus in Lake Erie rely on a combination of suspended and bottom overnight gill‐net surveys to provide population and demographic information. However, the assumption that Walleyes undertake diel vertical migrations and become available to the suspended gill nets at night has never been validated. To understand how vertical habitat use affects the availability of Walleyes to fishery‐independent surveys, we compared individual behaviors observed by means of acoustic depth telemetry tags (20 individuals; 2013–2016) with catches in paired suspended and bottom gill‐net sets (273 paired sets; 2013–2016) used by management agencies. In contrast to our expectations and observations in other lakes, the mean depths for Walleyes most often occurred in the lower one‐half to one‐third of the water column, and at lake depths <25 m the fish tended to be close to the bottom. The relationship between fish and lake depth was dependent on year and season. At lake depths >15 m, Walleyes were found at shallower depths during stratified periods (i.e., summer) than during unstratified periods (autumn). They were also found at shallower depths in 2015 and 2016 than in 2013 and 2014. In paired autumn gill‐net surveys, (1) the overall proportion of Walleye catch was nearly equal in suspended and bottom gill nets and (2) the proportion of the catch in suspended gill nets declined with fish length. The pattern of decline was dependent on how deep the suspended net was fished and the year in which the data were collected. These results provide evidence that the suspended gill‐net surveys currently being used to assess Walleye demographics in Lake Erie are biased toward the capture small Walleyes, while bottom nets are biased toward the capture of large ones. Future telemetry investigations will be needed to understand whether these biases reflect differences in the depth of habitat between small and large Walleyes.
Progress and prospects in low‐dimensional multiferroic materials
Authors: Hu Ting , Kan Erjun 
Published: January 2019

Functional materials with ferroelectricity or multiferroicity based on two‐dimensional (2D) materials have been a fast developing field which attracts intensive investigations due to their potential applications and underlying new science. In this study, we review recent progress in theoretical simulation and experimental observation of low‐dimensional multiferroic materials, including exploring 2D van der Waals ferroelectrics, designing ferroelectrics or multiferroics by various manipulations such as chemical functionalization or external strain. The reported new physical mechanisms are also provided to explain the low‐dimensional multiferroics. We also discuss several exciting possibilities for design of devices based on these materials in novel applications.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Materials Science
Southeast Asia and International Trade: Continuity and Change in Historical Perspective
Authors: Shimada Ryuto 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter provides a general overview of the relations between international trade and the economy of Southeast Asia from a long-term perspective. After the short description about the relationships between natural endowments and international trade of Southeast Asia before the European arrival, this chapter is devoted to an analysis of international trade of Southeast Asia since the sixteenth century by focusing on the economic influences of international trade on the Southeast Asian economy and society. Southeast Asia has been in touch with a wide range of overseas markets in Asia and Europe. Large demands for Southeast Asian products have stimulated the economic development of the region. The economy was largely developed for the mass production of primary products. Development of the delta areas, introduction of the plantation system, and the acceptance of Chinese immigrants are good examples of the region’s capacity to respond to changes, before the production of manufactured goods became more important in the late twentieth century.
Relational victimization and peer affiliate prosocial behaviors in African American adolescents: Moderating effects of gender and antisocial behavior
Authors: Rusby Julie C. , Mason Michael , Gau Jeff M. , Westling Erika , Light John M. , Mennis Jeremy , Zaharakis Nikola M. , Flay Brian R. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionExperiencing relational victimization (e.g., peer exclusion, untrue rumors) during adolescence can have negative social–emotional consequences, including increased antisocial behavior and substance use. The negative impact of relational victimization may be lessened by spending time with supportive, prosocial peers.MethodsThis study examined the concurrent and predictive associations between relational victimization and peer affiliates' prosocial behaviors in 244 predominately African American adolescents (ages 13–14) living in U.S. urban neighborhoods. Questionnaires were collected every six months for two years. Overt victimization was controlled for in the analysis and the moderation of gender and antisocial behaviors were tested.ResultsPeer affiliates' prosocial behavior was stable across the two years. Relational victimization was not associated with peers' prosocial behavior at baseline or across time. Gender did not moderate the association between relational victimization and peers' prosocial behavior. Moderating effects were found for antisocial behavior; relational victimization was positively associated with peer affiliates' prosocial behavior but only for adolescents who were low on antisocial behavior at baseline.ConclusionsFor African American youth, efforts to reduce relational aggression and increase peer support in prosocial activities prior to adolescence may be useful for preventing social–emotional problems.
On a property of the nodal set of least energy sign-changing solutions for quasilinear elliptic equations
Authors: Bobkov Vladimir , Kolonitskii Sergey 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this note, we prove the Payne-type conjecture about the behaviour of the nodal set of least energy sign-changing solutions for the equation $-\Delta _p u = f(u)$ in bounded Steiner symmetric domains $ \Omega \subset {{\open R}^N} $ under the zero Dirichlet boundary conditions. The nonlinearity f is assumed to be either superlinear or resonant. In the latter case, least energy sign-changing solutions are second eigenfunctions of the zero Dirichlet p-Laplacian in Ω. We show that the nodal set of any least energy sign-changing solution intersects the boundary of Ω. The proof is based on a moving polarization argument.
Becoming a Refugee: Reflections on Self-Understandings of Displacement from the Syrian Case
Authors: Pearlman Wendy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInternational law, government policy, and a range of academic disciplines all demonstrate different approaches to the task of defining who is a refugee. Yet how do refugees define themselves? When, how, and why do they come to identify with this term, or not? This essay offers reflections on these questions based on interviews with hundreds of displaced Syrians in the Middle East and Europe from 2012 to 2018. Syrian experiences illustrate how individuals’ self-understandings as refugees evolve over time as a contingent process not necessarily coterminous with actual physical displacement. I trace how these self-understandings are generated as shifts in three indicative relationships: displaced persons’ relationships to their expectations of return to their homeland; their relationships to their pre-flight lives; and their relationships to the word “refugee” itself. This focus on the bottom-up, organic development of a new subjectivity suggests how one's self-definition as a refugee might be less a quality or state that exists synonymously with forced migration than it is an identity that comes into existence gradually over time. That is, it is the product of a process of “becoming” more than “being.”
Residential transience among US adolescents: association with depression and mental health treatment
Authors: Glasheen C. , Forman-Hoffman V. , Hedden S. , Ridenour T. , Wang J. , Porter J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimsResidential instability, including transience (i.e. unusually frequent mobility), is associated with higher risk for emotional and behavioural problems in children and young adults. However, most studies have not compared the effect of recentv.more distal moves on mental health or on mental health treatment. This study examined associations between recent (past year) and distal (past 2–4 years) residential transience and past year major depressive episode (MDE) and mental health treatment in a nationally representative sample of US adolescents aged 12–17.MethodsData are from the 2010–2014 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (n= ~107 300 adolescents).T-tests were used to examine the prevalence of MDE by number of moves in the past 5 years among a nationally representative sample of adolescents. Additionally, multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the adjusted association between recent (⩾2 moves in the past year) and distal (⩾4 moves in the past 5 years, but no recent transience) and (1) past year MDE and (2) past year mental health treatment among adolescents with MDE.ResultsMDE prevalence increased linearly with number of moves in the past 5 years (p< 0.001). The adjusted odds of MDE were greater among youths with distal transience (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.44) and among those with proximal transience (AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.17–1.46), compared with those without transience in the past 5 years. The MDE prevalence did not differ between those with distal and proximal transience (p= 0.163). In youths with past year MDE, the prevalence of past year mental health treatment was greater among those with proximal transience compared with those without transience (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.15–1.70), but there was no significant difference in treatment among those with distalv.no transience.ConclusionsDistal and recent transience are associated with past year MDE among adolescents. Adolescents with MDE who had recent transience were more likely to receive past year mental health treatment compared with those without transience. However, those with only distal transience were not more likely to receive treatment. Parents, school officials and health care providers should be aware that residential mobility in the past 5 years may indicate increased odds of depression among adolescents even among adolescents whose housing stability has improved in the past year.
Effect of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability on the Global Monsoon
Authors: Monerie Paul‐Arthur , Robson Jon , Dong Buwen , Hodson Dan L. R. , Klingaman Nicholas P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe assess the effect of the Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV) on the global monsoon using idealized simulations. Warm AMV phases are associated with a significant strengthening of monsoon precipitation over Northern Africa and India, and anomalously weak monsoon precipitation over South America. Changes in monsoon precipitation are mediated by a change in atmospheric dynamics, primarily associated with a shift in the circulation related to both an enhanced interhemispheric thermal contrast and the remote impact of AMV on the Pacific Ocean, through changes in the Walker circulation. In contrast, the thermodynamic changes are less important. Further experiments show that the impact of AMV is largely due to the tropical component of the sea surface temperature anomalies. However, the extratropical Atlantic also plays a role, especially for northern Africa. Finally, we show that the effect of AMV on monsoons is not linearly related to the magnitude of warming.
Deposition and Dispersion of Radio‐Cesium Released Due to the Fukushima Nuclear Accident: Sensitivity to Meteorological Models and Physical Modules
Authors: Kajino Mizuo , Sekiyama Tsuyoshi Thomas , Igarashi Yasuhito , Katata Genki , Sawada Morihiro , Adachi Kouji , Zaizen Yuji , Tsuruta Haruo , Nakajima Teruyuki 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTo assess the uncertainty of meteorological simulations in the transport and deposition of radio‐Cs release associated with the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident in Japan, a multiple meteorological model and module ensemble analysis with a single chemical transport model (CTM) was conducted. Although several multimodel ensemble studies have previously been performed, the current type (i.e., one CTM with several meteorological fields) was applied for the first time and represents a useful way to evaluate the uncertainty of each component of CTM. The current analysis concluded that the underestimation of the deposition efficiency of CTM was the reason for the underestimation of simulated radio‐Cs deposition, whereas the simulated dispersion and precipitation and estimated source term were all reasonable: all of the simulations underestimated the deposition amount, whereas some underestimated but others overestimated the simulated precipitation and radio‐Cs concentrations. The CTM simulation performed using the meteorological ensemble mean field was successful in reducing variance, and they gave reasonable results. The simulated deposition using the meteorological ensemble was better than others because the ensemble mean enlarged the light precipitation areas and because the land contamination was mainly caused by light precipitation. The current ensemble study indicated that in‐cloud scavenging was the most dominant mechanism of radio‐Cs deposition, followed by dry deposition and fog deposition over the entire land area. In some deposition regions, fog deposition was dominant, exceeding 80%, depending on the simulations. The simulated concentrations and depositions varied by more than twofold, depending on the selection of the meteorological field.
Surface Evaporative Capacitance: How Soil Type and Rainfall Characteristics Affect Global‐Scale Surface Evaporation
Authors: Or D. , Lehmann P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe separation of evapotranspiration (ET) into its surface evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) components remains a challenge despite its importance for linking water and carbon cycles, for water management, and for attribution of hydrologic isotope fractionation. Regional and global estimates of surface evaporation often rely on estimates of ET (e.g., Penman‐Monteith) where E is deduced as a residual or as a fraction of potential evaporation. We propose a novel and direct method for estimating E from soil properties considering regional rainfall characteristics and accounting for internal drainage dynamics. A soil‐dependent evaporative characteristic length defines an active surface evaporative capacitor depth below which soil water is sheltered from capillary pull to the evaporating surface. A site‐specific evaporative capacitor is periodically recharged by rainfall and discharges at rates determined by interplay between internal drainage and surface evaporation. The surface evaporative capacitor concept was tested using field measurements and subsequently applied to generate a global map of climatic surface evaporation. Latitudinal comparisons with estimates from other global models (e.g., Penman‐Monteith method modified by Leuning et al., 2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007WR006562 [PML]; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer [MODIS]; and Global Land‐surface Evaporation: the Amsterdam Methodology [GLEAM]) show good agreement but also point to potential shortcomings of present estimates of surface evaporation. Interestingly, the ratio of surface evaporation (E) to potential evapotranspiration (ET0) is relatively constant across climates, biomes, and soil types with E/ET0 < 0.15 for 60% of all terrestrial surfaces, in agreement with recent studies.
Humanized anti-CD123 antibody facilitates NK cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of Hodgkin lymphoma targets via ARF6/PLD-1
Authors: Ernst Daniel , Williams Brent A. , Wang Xing-Hua , Yoon Nara , Kim Kyung-Phil , Chiu Jodi , Luo Zhi Juan , Hermans Karin G. , Krueger Joerg , Keating Armand 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCD123 (IL-3Rα) is frequently expressed by malignant Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) cells. Naked monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against HL lack clinical benefit, partially due to absence of natural killer (NK) cells in the tumor microenvironment. Here we show that the combination of a fully humanized anti-CD123 mAb (CSL362) and high-affinity Fcγ-receptor NK-92 cells (haNK) effectively target and kill HL cells in vitro. First, we confirmed high expression of CD123 in 2 of the 3 HL cell lines (KM-H2 and L-428), and its absence in NK cells. Cytotoxicity of haNK cells against CD123-positive HL cells was significantly higher in the presence of CSL362. This was also shown with IL-15-activated primary NK cells, although haNK cells showed a 10.87-fold lower estimated half-maximal stimulatory effective concentration (EC50). CSL362 facilitated a significant increase in the expression of CD107a, intracellular IFN-γ and TNF-α and enhanced expression ofc-JUN,PLD-1, andARF6by NK cells. Inhibition of the ARF6–PLD-1 axis (NAV2729), but not of the MAPK pathway (U0126), completely abrogated CSL362-facilitated antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in haNK and activated primary NK cells. Our results support CD123 as an immunotherapeutic target for HL and the combination of NK cells and CSL362 as a treatment strategy for HL.
Vertical Gate-All-Around Nanowire GaSb-InAs Core-Shell n-Type Tunnel FETs
Authors: Vasen T. , Ramvall P. , Afzalian A. , Doornbos G. , Holland M. , Thelander C. , Dick K. A. , Wernersson L. - E. , Passlack M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTunneling Field-Effect Transistors (TFET) are one of the most promising candidates for future low-power CMOS applications including mobile and Internet of Things (IoT) products. A vertical gate-all-around (VGAA) architecture with a core shell (C-S) structure is the leading contender to meet CMOS footprint requirements while simultaneously delivering high current drive for high performance specifications and subthreshold swing below the Boltzmann limit for low power operation. In this work, VGAA nanowire GaSb/InAs C-S TFETs are demonstrated experimentally for the first time with key device properties of subthreshold swing S = 40 mV/dec (Vd = 10 mV) and current drive up to 40 μA/wire (Vd = 0.3 V, diameter d = 50 nm) while dimensions including core diameter d, shell thickness and gate length are scaled towards CMOS requirements. The experimental data in conjunction with TCAD modeling reveal interface trap density requirements to reach industry standard off-current specifications.
Structure and mechanism of the ESCRT pathway AAA+ ATPase Vps4
Authors: Han Han , Hill Christopher P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The progression of ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) pathways, which mediate numerous cellular membrane fission events, is driven by the enzyme Vps4. Understanding of Vps4 mechanism is, therefore, of fundamental importance in its own right and, moreover, it is highly relevant to the understanding of many related AAA+ ATPases that function in multiple facets of cell biology. Vps4 unfolds its ESCRT-III protein substrates by translocating them through its central hexameric pore, thereby driving membrane fission and recycling of ESCRT-III subunits. This mini-review focuses on recent advances in Vps4 structure and mechanism, including ideas about how Vps4 translocates and unfolds ESCRT-III subunits. Related AAA+ ATPases that share structural features with Vps4 and likely utilize an equivalent mechanism are also discussed.
Study on pollution flashover characteristic of insulators on 500 kV AC transmission lines in high‐altitude area
Authors: Huang Ruiping , Zhou Jun , Xu Yueneng 
Published: January 2019

Pollution flashover performance of insulators is one of the key factors to be considered in the selection of external insulation for transmission lines at high‐altitude areas. In pollution laboratories at Tibet high‐altitude test base and Beijing ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) test base, artificial pollution tests of insulators adopted in AC 500 kV transmission project are performed both in sea‐level region and real high‐altitude regions, through which flashover voltages at typical equivalent salt deposit density are obtained. The relationship between altitude and flashover voltage is acquired as well.
Impacts of the New 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guideline on the Prevalence of Brachial Hypertension and Its Concordance with Central Hypertension
Authors: Chuang Shao-Yuan , Chang Hsing-Yi , Cheng Hao-Min , Pan Wen-Harn , Chen Chen-Huan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline lowers the blood pressure (BP) thresholds for defining brachial hypertension. We therefore aimed to investigate how the new guideline influences the prevalence of brachial hypertension and whether it improves the identification of central hypertension in an Asian national representative population.

METHODS
A total of 2,742 adults older than 19 years participated in the 2013–2016 National Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan. Central and brachial BPs were simultaneously measured twice and averaged using a cuff-based stand-alone central BP monitor purporting to measure invasive central BP (type II device). Brachial hypertension was defined by brachial systolic/diastolic BP ≥ 130 or 80 mm Hg or using antihypertensive medication, and central hypertension was defined by central systolic/diastolic BP ≥ 130 or 90 mm Hg or using antihypertensive medication.

RESULTS
The national weighted prevalence rates of brachial hypertension according to the 2017 AHA/ACC guideline were 48.7% in men and 30.7% in women. The prevalence of brachial hypertension increased by 18.8% in men and 9.4% in women, when compared with the prevalence defined by the conventional thresholds of brachial systolic/diastolic BP ≥ 140 or 90 mm Hg. In comparison with the conventional criteria, the new hypertension criteria had a higher sensitivity (93.0% vs. 77.4%) and a lower specificity (86.7% vs. 99.6%) for detecting central hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS
Adoption of the 2017 AHA/ACC BP thresholds substantially increases the prevalence of brachial hypertension, especially in men, and identifies over 90% of those with central hypertension at the expense of lesser specificity.