bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transverse basilar cleft: Two more probable familial cases in an archaeological context
Authors: Tur Svetlana Semenovna , Svyatko Svetlana Vladimirovna , Rykun Marina Petrovna 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTransverse basilar cleft (TBC) is a very rare congenital anomaly representing a coronal fissure completely or partially intersecting the basioccipital at the level of the pharyngeal tubercle. It is usually asymptomatic but can sometimes be part of a syndrome. Population frequencies of this anomaly are no more than 1%, with few exceptions. Two skulls with TBC were found in the Ayrydash 1 cemetery of Altai Mountains nomads, Russia, attributed to the Hunno‐Sarmatian period (2nd c. BC–5th c. AD). In this paper, we test the possibility of a familial relationship between the individuals who shared by this condition, using the Alt and Vach method for nonspatial analysis of skeletal kinship based on cranial and dental nonmetric traits. Results of the study show that the frequency of TBC is significantly higher in the Ayrydash 1 sample than in the rest of the skeletal population from the Hunno‐Sarmatian period (p < 0.05). This suggests that the individuals affected by TBC were most likely genetic relatives. The observed clustering of TBC and some other rare anomalies within local groups of Altai Mountains nomads appears to be due to parental consanguinity in their community.
Intrinsic Dynamic Nature of Neutral Hydrogen Bonds Elucidated with QTAIM Dual Functional Analysis: Role of the Compliance Force Constants and QTAIM‐DFA Parameters in Stability
Authors: Nishide Taro , Hayashi Satoko , Nakanishi Waro 
Published: July 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover picture is Professor Satoko Hayashi's group from the Faculty of Systems Engineering at Wakayama University (Japan). The cover picture shows Japanese lanterns for the Bon festival dance dangling on two ropes, and several molecular graphs with contour maps for hydrogen bonds (HBs) emerging from the lanterns. The curves of the ropes may correspond to the ΔE (energy of formation) and Cij (compliance constant) values for HBs, for which the product will be constant. Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/open.201800051.
Salt and oxidative stresses uniquely regulate tomato cytokinin levels and transcriptomic response
Authors: Keshishian Erika A. , Hallmark H. Tucker , Ramaraj Thiruvarangan , Plačková Lenka , Sundararajan Anitha , Schilkey Faye , Novák Ondřej , Rashotte Aaron M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCytokinins are well‐known to be involved in processes responsible for plant growth and development. More recently, these hormones have begun to be associated with stress responses as well. However, it is unclear how changes in cytokinin biosynthesis, signaling, or transport relate to stress effects. This study examines in parallel how two different stresses, salt, and oxidative stress, affect changes in both cytokinin levels and whole plant transcriptome response. Solanum lycopersicum seedlings were given a short‐term (6 hr) exposure to either salt (150 mM NaCl) or oxidative (20 mM H2O2) stress and then examined to determine both changes in cytokinin levels and transcriptome. LC‐MS/MS was used to determine the levels of 22 different types of cytokinins in tomato plants including precursors, active, transported, and conjugated forms. When examining cytokinin levels we found that salt treatment caused an increase in both active and inactive cytokinin levels and oxidative stress caused a decrease in these levels. RNA‐sequencing analyses of these same stress‐treated tissues revealed 6,643 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Although many DEGs are similar between the two stresses, approximately one‐third of the DEGs in each treatment were unique to that stress. Several cytokinin‐related genes were among the DEGs. Examination of photosystem II efficiency revealed that cytokinins affect physiological response to stress in tomato, further validating the changes in cytokinin levels seen in planta.
New Synthetic Route to Synthesize Li and 1,2‐Diaminopropane‐Intercalated Iron‐Based Superconductor with Tc=37 K
Authors: Xu Han‐Shu , Wang Xiao‐Xiong , Tang Lu‐Lu , Yang Kai‐Ping , Yang Dong , Long Yun‐Ze , Tang Kai‐Bin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBy using a two‐step method, we successfully synthesized the FeSe‐based superconductor Lix(C3H10N2)yFe2Se2 with Tc=37 K. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal a considerable superconducting shielding fraction of approximately 90% at 2 K in the zero‐field‐cooling (ZFC) process, which indicates that the as‐synthesized sample undergoes a bulk superconducting transition. We have also studied the effect of atmospheric exposure in Lix(C3H10N2)yFe2Se2. It has been found that the sample‘s superconductivity was maintained in air for several hours, indicating that the sample has a certain degree of air stability. Moreover, a clear magnetoresistance (MR) was observed at low temperatures down to 50 K and in high magnetic fields up to 9 T.
Seesaw mechanism in magnetic compactifications
Authors: Ishida Makoto , Nishiwaki Kenji , Tatsuta Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we explore a new avenue to a natural explanation of the observed tiny neutrino masses with a dynamical realization of the three-generation structure in the neutrino sector. Under the magnetized background based onT2/Z2, matter consists of multiply-degenerated zero modes and the whole intergenerational structure is dynamically determined. In this sense, we can conclude that our scenario is favored by minimality, where no degree of freedom remains to deform the intergenerational structure by hand freely. Under the consideration of brane-localized Majorana-type mass terms for an SU(2)Lsinglet neutrino, it is sufficient to introduce one Higgs doublet for reproducing the observed neutrino data. In all reasonable flux configurations with three right-handed neutrinos, phenomenologically acceptable parameter configurations are found.
Temporal changes in the relationship between tree‐ring growth and net primary production in northern Japan: a novel approach to the estimation of seasonal photosynthate allocation to the stem
Authors: Koide Dai , Ito Akihiko 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTree‐ring (TR) observations provide important data on long‐term forest dynamics and their underlying ecophysiological mechanisms. To elucidate the seasonal link between photosynthetic carbon acquisition and TR growth, we analyzed the correlation between observed TR data (carbon sink) and model‐estimated net primary production (NPP; carbon source). Temporal trends of the TR–NPP correlation over the last century were also analyzed to identify influences of past climate changes. We used TR data from Picea glehnii at seven sites on Hokkaido Island, Japan, which were obtained from the International Tree‐Ring Data Bank. At each site, NPP was estimated using the Vegetation Integrative Simulator for Trace gases model, which was driven by long‐term (1900–2010) meteorological data. Site‐mean tree‐ring width index (TRWI) chronologies were analyzed to reveal any relationship with the current or previous year's annual or monthly NPP. We found moderate to strong correlations between TRWIs and model‐estimated monthly NPP from April to June, especially in June of the current year, but no clear spatial trend was observed. During the twentieth century, the TRWI–NPP correlation increased for February, March, April, and July NPP of the current year and for October NPP of the previous year. Ecophysiologically, the period from April to June corresponds to the season when tree cambial cells are formed in the study area. Our findings suggest that photosynthate produced during this cambial growth season is allocated to stem growth and that this source allocation season has become longer due to past environmental changes.
The pregnancy outcomes in patients with stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease and the effects of pregnancy in the long-term kidney function
Authors: He Yingdong , Liu Jing , Cai Qingqing , Lv Jicheng , Yu Feng , Chen Qian , Zhao Minghui 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Objective
To investigate the pregnancy outcomes for patients with stage 3–4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the effects of pregnancy on kidney function.

Methods
Clinical data of pregnant women with CKD in the Peking University First Hospital between January 1st 2005 and October 1st 2016 were retrospectively analysed. The pregnancy outcomes of patients with different stages of CKD were compared. Patients with stage 3–4 CKD were followed up by telephone interview, and non-pregnant patients with stage 3–4 CKD were selected using the propensity score method to analyse the effects of pregnancy on kidney function.

Results
A total of 293 women with 300 pregnancies met the study criteria. There were 30 cases of stage 3–4 CKD. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes of patients with stage 3–4 CKD was significantly higher than that with stage 1 CKD. The mean postpartum follow-up time of pregnant patients with CKD was 49.0 ± 33.1 months. A total of 26 cases of stage 3–4 CKD were followed up. During the follow-up period, 8 patients progressed to ESRD. A total of 28 non-pregnant patients with stage 3–4 CKD were selected as the control group. The results of multivariate analysis revealed that pregnancy did not increase the risk of deterioration of kidney function.

Conclusion
Patients with stage 3–4 CKD in early pregnancy had a significantly increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy itself did not seem to accelerate kidney disease progression in patients with stage 3–4 CKD.
Basic Seismic Response Capability of Hospitals in Lima, Peru
Authors: Liguori Nicola , Tarque Nicola , Bambaren Celso , Santa-Cruz Sandra , Palomino Juan , Laterza Michelangelo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the study was to research the basic seismic response capability (BSRC) of hospitals in Lima Metropolitana. A large number of wounded could be registered in case of an earthquake; therefore, operational hospitals are necessary to cure the injured. The study focused on the operational performance of the hospitals, autonomies of essential resources such as power, water, medical gases, and medicine, in addition to the availability of emergency communication system and ambulances.MethodsData by a probabilistic seismic risk analysis have been used to assess the operational level of the hospitals. Subsequently, availability of an essential resource has been combined with the immediately operational hospitals to evaluate the BSRC of the health facilities.ResultsForty-one of Lima’s hospitals have been analyzed for a seismic event with 72-100 years of a return period. Three hospitals (7.3%) were capable to work in a self-sufficient manner for 72 hours, another three (7.3%) for 24 hours, and one (2.4%) for 12 hours.ConclusionResults showed a low performance of the hospitals in case of an earthquake. The issue is due to the high seismic vulnerability of the existing structures. Given the importance of Lima city in Peru, structural and nonstructural retrofitting plans should be implemented to improve the preparedness of the health system in case of an emergency. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:138–143)
Computational modelling and analysis of haemodynamics in a simple model of aortic stenosis
Authors: Zhu Chi , Seo Jung-Hee , Mittal Rajat 
Published: July 2018

In a study motivated by considerations associated with heart murmurs and cardiac auscultation, numerical simulations are used to analyse the haemodynamics in a simple model of an aorta with an aortic stenosis. The aorta is modelled as a curved pipe with a$180^{\circ }$turn, and three different stenoses with area reductions of 50 %, 62.5 % and 75 % are examined. A uniform steady inlet velocity with a Reynolds number of 2000 is used for all of the cases and direct numerical simulation is employed to resolve the dynamics of the flow. The poststenotic flow is dominated by the jet that originates from the stenosis as well as the secondary flow induced by the curvature, and both contribute significantly to the flow turbulence. On the anterior surface of the modelled aorta, the location with maximum pressure fluctuation, which may be considered as the source location for the murmurs, is found to be located around$60^{\circ }$along the aortic arch, and this location is relatively insensitive to the severity of the stenosis. For all three cases, this high-intensity wall pressure fluctuation includes contributions from both the jet and the secondary flow. Spectral analysis shows that for all three stenoses, the Strouhal number of the vortex shedding of the jet shear layer is close to 0.93, which is higher than the shedding frequency of a corresponding free jet or a jet confined in a straight pipe. This frequency also appears in the pressure spectra at the location postulated as the source of the murmurs, in the form of a ‘break frequency.’ The implications of these findings for cardiac auscultation-based diagnosis of aortic stenosis are also discussed.
Resolving the internal and basal geometry of ice masses using imaging phase-sensitive radar
Authors: YOUNG TUN JAN , SCHROEDER DUSTIN M. , CHRISTOFFERSEN POUL , LOK LAI BUN , NICHOLLS KEITH W. , BRENNAN PAUL V. , DOYLE SAMUEL H. , HUBBARD BRYN , HUBBARD ALUN 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTThe phase-sensitive radio-echo sounder (pRES) is a powerful new instrument that can measure the depth of internal layers and the glacier bed to millimetre accuracy. We use a stationary 16-antenna pRES array on Store Glacier in West Greenland to measure the three-dimensional orientation of dipping internal reflectors, extending the capabilities of pRES beyond conventional depth sounding. This novel technique portrays the effectiveness of pRES in deriving the orientation of dipping internal layers that may complement profiles obtained through other geophysical surveying methods. Deriving ice vertical strain rates from changes in layer depth as measured by a sequence of pRES observations assumes that the internal reflections come from vertically beneath the antenna. By revealing the orientation of internal reflectors and the potential deviation from nadir of their associated reflections, the use of an antenna array can correct this assumption. While the array configuration was able to resolve the geometry of englacial layers, the same configuration could not be used to accurately image the glacier bed. Here, we use simulations of the performance of different array geometries to identify configurations that can be tailored to study different types of basal geometry for future deployments.
New Discoveries Relating to the Planning of the Antonine Wall in Scotland
Authors: Poulter John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe importance of long-distance alignments in Roman surveying is increasingly being recognised. It has now been discovered that they were used in setting out the central sectors of the Antonine Wall, but — in contrast to Hadrian's Wall — it appears that they were employed to determine the locations of the military installations along the Wall rather than the line of its rampart and ditch. It also appears that the enigmatic enclosures and expansions which are attached to the rear of the rampart of the Wall only seem to occur in connection with these alignments. A careful analysis of possible explanations indicates that the Romans may initially have sought to set up a two-level alarm system across the central sectors of the Antonine Wall, the possible impacts of which upon the planning and design of the Wall are examined. The Supplementary Material available online (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0068113X18000284) contains a table of inter-visabilities between known military installations, and OS grid references for the installations.
Fuelwood source substitution, gender, and shadow prices in western Kenya
Authors: Murphy David M. A. , Berazneva Julia , Lee David R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractFuelwood scarcity creates a widespread environmental problem that places a major burden on women and children in the rural areas of developing countries. Consequently, many governments, donors and non-governmental organizations have encouraged on-farm fuelwood production and agroforestry practices. Whether, however, fuelwood from different sources can be easily substituted is an important empirical question as the degree of substitutability can depend on local markets and households' resource endowments and incomes. In this paper, we examine the substitution between three fuelwood sources among rural households in western Kenya: fuelwood collected off-farm, fuelwood produced on-farm, and that which is purchased. Using household-specific shadow prices for fuelwood and male and female wages, we find that strict gender divisions in household labor result in limited substitution between fuelwood sources. Among the implications are that programs and policies promoting agroforestry will have limited success without first addressing the structural differences in labor markets.
What Did Really Improve Our Mesoscale Hydrological Model? A Multidimensional Analysis Based on Real Observations
Authors: Francke Till , Baroni Gabriele , Brosinsky Arlena , Foerster Saskia , López‐Tarazón José A. , Sommerer Erik , Bronstert Axel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractModelers can improve a model by addressing the causes for the model errors (data errors and structural errors). This leads to implementing model enhancements (MEs), for example, meteorological data based on more monitoring stations, improved calibration data, and/or modifications in process formulations. However, deciding on which MEs to implement remains a matter of expert knowledge. After implementing multiple MEs, any improvement in model performance is not easily attributed, especially when considering different objectives or aspects of this improvement (e.g., better dynamics vs. reduced bias). We present an approach for comparing the effect of multiple MEs based on real observations and considering multiple objectives (MMEMO). A stepwise selection approach and structured plots help to address the multidimensionality of the problem. Tailored analyses allow a differentiated view on the effect of MEs and their interactions. MMEMO is applied to a case study employing the mesoscale hydro‐sedimentological model WASA‐SED for the Mediterranean‐mountainous Isábena catchment, northeast Spain. The investigated seven MEs show diverse effects: some MEs (e.g., rainfall data) cause improvements for most objectives, while other MEs (e.g., land use data) only affect a few objectives or even decrease model performance. Interaction of MEs was observed for roughly half of the MEs, confirming the need to address them in the analysis. Calibration and increasing the temporal resolution showed by far stronger impact than any of the other MEs. The proposed framework can be adopted in other studies to analyze the effect of MEs and, thus, facilitate the identification and implementation of the most promising MEs for comparable cases.
Boosting third-harmonic generation by a mirror-enhanced anapole resonator
Authors: Xu Lei , Rahmani Mohsen , Zangeneh Kamali Khosro , Lamprianidis Aristeidis , Ghirardini Lavinia , Sautter Jürgen , Camacho-Morales Rocio , Chen Haitao , Parry Matthew , Staude Isabelle , Zhang Guoquan , Neshev Dragomir , Miroshnichenko Andrey E. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe demonstrate that a dielectric anapole resonator on a metallic mirror can enhance the third harmonic emission by two orders of magnitude compared to a typical anapole resonator on an insulator substrate. By employing a gold mirror under a silicon nanodisk, we introduce a novel characteristic of the anapole mode through the spatial overlap of resonantly excited Cartesian electric and toroidal dipole modes. This is a remarkable improvement on the early demonstrations of the anapole mode in which the electric and toroidal modes interfere off-resonantly. Therefore, our system produces a significant near-field enhancement, facilitating the nonlinear process. Moreover, the mirror surface boosts the nonlinear emission via the free-charge oscillations within the interface, equivalent to producing a mirror image of the nonlinear source and the pump beneath the interface. We found that these improvements result in an extremely high experimentally obtained efficiency of 0.01%.
The effects of Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture supplementation on blood glucose and oxidative stress in subjects with prediabetes or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ahn Hyeon Yeong , Kim Minjoo , Seo Cho Rong , Yoo Hye Jin , Lee Sang-Hyun , Lee Jong Ho 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background/Objectives
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with a Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture on blood glucose and oxidative stress levels.

Subjects/Methods
This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted on 60 subjects with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The subjects were randomly assigned to either a group that ingested 40 g of a Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture (19.45 g each) daily or a group that received a placebo for 12 weeks. Paired t-test and independent t-test were performed for comparisons within groups and between groups, respectively.

Results
Supplementation with the Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture reduced the levels of fasting glucose (p < 0.001) and FFAs (p = 0.034), glucose at 60 min (p = 0.004), glucose (p = 0.006) areas under the response curve (AUC), homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (p = 0.018), and the urinary 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α (8-epi-PGF2α) level (p = 0.028). The changes (Δ) in urinary 8-epi-PGF2α, glucose at 60 min, 120 min, and AUC, FFAs at 0 min and AUC were significantly different between the two groups. In addition, Δ glucose at 120 min (r = 0.472, p = 0.027) and the Δ glucose AUC (r = 0.572, p = 0.005) were positively correlated with △ plasma malondialdehyde in the test group.

Conclusions
The consumption of a Jerusalem artichoke and fermented soybean powder mixture for 12 weeks was effective for reducing postprandial glucose and oxidative stress level, particularly 8-epi-PGF2α, in subjects with IFG, IGT, or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.