bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of ENSO on Fast and Slow MJO Modes during Boreal Winter
Authors: Wei Yuntao , Ren Hong-Li 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation during boreal winter. Results show that the spatiotemporal evolution of MJO manifests as a fast equatorially symmetric propagation from the Indian Ocean to the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) during El Niño, whereas the MJO during La Niña is very slow and tends to frequently “detour” via the southern Maritime Continent (MC). The westward group velocity of the MJO is also more significant during El Niño. Based on the dynamics-oriented diagnostics, it is found that, during El Niño, the much stronger leading suppressed convection over the EWP excites a significant front Walker cell, which further triggers a larger Kelvin wave easterly wind anomaly and premoistening and heating effects to the east. However, the equatorial Rossby wave to the west tends to decouple with the MJO convection. Both effects can result in fast MJO propagation. The opposite holds during La Niña. A column-integrated moisture budget analysis reveals that the sea surface temperature anomaly driving both the eastward and equatorward gradients of the low-frequency moisture anomaly during El Niño, as opposed to the westward and poleward gradients during La Niña, induces moist advection over the equatorial eastern MC–EWP region due to the intraseasonal wind anomaly and therefore enhances the zonal asymmetry of the moisture tendency, supporting fast propagation. The role of nonlinear advection by synoptic-scale Kelvin waves is also nonnegligible in distinguishing fast and slow MJO modes. This study emphasizes the crucial roles of dynamical wave feedback and moisture–convection feedback in modulating the MJO propagation by ENSO.
Spatially Tracking Wave Events in Partitioned Numerical Wave Model Outputs
Authors: Jiang Haoyu 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNumerical wave models can output partitioned wave parameters at each grid point using a spectral partitioning technique. Because these wave partitions are usually organized according to the magnitude of their wave energy without considering the coherence of wave parameters in space, it can be difficult to observe the spatial distributions of wave field features from these outputs. In this study, an approach for spatially tracking coherent wave events (which means a cluster of partitions originating from the same meteorological event) from partitioned numerical wave model outputs is presented to solve this problem. First, an efficient traverse algorithm applicable for different types of grids, termed breadth-first search, is employed to track wave events using the continuity of wave parameters. Second, to reduce the impact of the garden sprinkler effect on tracking, tracked wave events are merged if their boundary outlines and wave parameters on these boundaries are both in good agreement. Partitioned wave information from the Integrated Ocean Waves for Geophysical and other Applications dataset is used to test the performance of this spatial tracking approach. The test results indicate that this approach is able to capture the primary features of partitioned wave fields, demonstrating its potential for wave data analysis, model verification, and data assimilation.
The story against smoking: An exploratory study into the processing and perceived effectiveness of narrative visual smoking warnings
Authors: Ooms Joëlle A , Jansen Carel JM , Hoeks John CJ 
Published: August 2019

Objectives: This study compared the effects of two types of health warnings on cigarette packages: ‘narrative visual warnings’, showing an image portraying people plus a corresponding slogan that could evoke a story-like interpretation, and ‘non-narrative visual warnings’ with non-narrative content (i.e. body parts). Moreover, the mechanisms underlying the effects of these health warnings were explored. Design: A within-participants experiment was conducted comparing narrative and non-narrative visual warnings. Path analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between the narrative concepts transportation and identification, the emotions evoked by the health warning and the perceived effectiveness of the message. Method: Participants ( N = 200) were presented with one narrative warning and one non-narrative warning. After each warning, they answered questions on narrative perception, transportation, identification, emotions and perceived effectiveness. Results: The narrative warnings were seen as more story-like than the non-narrative warnings. There was a statistical trend for narrative warnings to be perceived as more effective than the non-narratives. The narrative warnings caused more transportation, fear, sadness, compassion and anger; the non-narrative warnings evoked more disgust and surprise. For the narrative warnings, both narrative concepts of transportation and identification were directly related to perceived effectiveness, and also indirectly via sadness. For the non-narrative warnings, transportation was related to perceived effectiveness, both directly and indirectly via disgust. Conclusion: Seeing a story in a still picture with a slogan helps to increase the effectiveness of the antismoking message. Both narrative and non-narrative visual warnings may persuade receivers directly, but also by the evoking of emotions, although the specific emotions responsible for the persuasive effects may differ.
Incidence and predictors of mismatch after mechanical mitral valve replacement
Authors: El Midany Ashraf AH , Mostafa Ezzeldin A , Hikal Tamer , Elbarbary Mostafa G , Doghish Ayman , Khorshid Ramy , Abdelgawad Basem M , Sharaa Mohamed , El-Sokkary Ismail N , Hossiny Mohamed El , Abdelmoaty Haytham , Elkhonezy Bahaa A 
Published: August 2019

Background Patient-prosthesis mismatch after mitral valve replacement has an unfavorable postoperative hemodynamic outcome, which underlines the importance of identifying and preventing prosthesis- and patient-related risk factors. This study was conducted to determine the incidence and identify possible predictors of patient-prosthesis mismatch. Methods A prospective study was conducted on 715 patients with a mean age of 42 ± 11 years who underwent mechanical mitral valve replacement between 2013 and 2017. The effective orifice area of the prostheses was estimated by the continuity equation, and a mismatch was defined as an effective orifice area index ≤1.2 cm2·m−2. The mean clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was 26.74 ± 11.58 months. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of patient-prosthesis mismatch. Results Patient-prosthesis mismatch was detected in 382 (53.4%) patients. A small mechanical prosthesis (<27 mm) was inserted in 54.3%. Mortality during follow-up was 9% (65 patients). Patient-prosthesis mismatch was identified in patients with preoperative rheumatic mitral valve pathology, associated tricuspid regurgitation, higher New York Heart Association class, preoperative atrial fibrillation, mitral stenosis, and small preoperative left ventricular dimensions. Multivariate analysis identified mitral stenosis, preoperative atrial fibrillation, and small postoperative left ventricular end-diastolic dimension as risk factors for patient-prosthesis mismatch. Conclusion Patient-prosthesis mismatch is a common sequela after mechanical mitral valve replacement. Identification of predictors of patient-prosthesis mismatch can help so that a preoperative strategy can be implemented to avoid its occurrence.
Altered effective connectivity of primary visual cortex in primary angle closure glaucoma using Granger causality analysis
Authors: Jiang Fei , Fang Jian-Wen , Ye Yin-Quan , Tian Yan-Jin , Zeng Xian-Jun , Zhong Yu-Lin 
Published: August 2019

Background Previous neuroimaging studies demonstrated that primary angle closure glaucoma patients were associated with abnormal intrinsic brain activity in primary visual cortex (V1). Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effective connectivity patterns of V1 in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma. Material and Methods Thirty-seven patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (20 men, 17 women) and 36 healthy controls (20 men, 16 women) closely matched for age, sex, and education, underwent resting-state MRI scans. A voxel-wise Granger causality analysis method was performed to explore different effective connectivity pattern of V1 between the two groups. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed decreased effective connectivity from the left V1 to left cuneus and increased effective connectivity from the left V1 to left precentral gyrus and right supplementary motor area. Meanwhile, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed decreased effective connectivity from left precentral gyrus to left V1 and right frontal middle gyrus to left V1. In addition, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed a decreased effective connectivity from the right V1 to left cuneus/calcarine and increased effective connectivity from the right V1 to left inferior frontal gyrus and right caudate. Meanwhile, patients with primary angle closure glaucoma showed decreased effective connectivity from right middle frontal gyrus/precentral gyrus to right V1 and left precentral gyrus to right V1. Conclusion Our results highlighted that patients with primary angle closure glaucoma had abnormal effective connectivity between V1 and higher visual area, motor cortices, somatosensory cortices, and frontal lobe, which indicated that they might present with abnormal top-down modulations, visual imagery, vision-motor function, and vision-related higher cognition function.
Comparison of Friction in Sliding Mechanics Using Different Ligation Methods on Ceramic Bracket with Metal Slot and Epoxy Resin-Coated Stainless Steel Esthetic Wire: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Desai Hina , Gandhi Fenil Manishkumar , Patel Kalpesh , Agrawal Sarvesh 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: The friction generated during orthodontic treatment seems of concern in terms of anchorage and treatment duration. Different ligation methods have been developed to reduce the friction as compared with regular elastic modules. This study aimed to evaluate and to compare static and kinetic friction generated in ceramic brackets with metal slot and epoxy resin-coated stainless steel esthetic wire by using different ligation materials in wet condition (artificial saliva). Materials and Methods: A total of 40 epoxy-coated stainless steel wires and metal slot ceramic brackets were divided into 4 groups of 10 each and ligated using 4 different methods as follows: (1) super slick elastic modules, (2) slide elastic modules, (3) Teflon-coated esthetic stainless steel wire, and (4) regular elastic modules. They were then immersed in artificial saliva for 1 hour before testing their static and kinetic friction using a universal testing machine. Results: The intergroup comparison showed statistically significant differences for static and kinetic friction among all the 4 groups, where group 2 (slide modules) showed the least static as well as kinetic friction as compared with the other 3 groups. Conclusions: (1) Slide modules produced the least amount of friction compared with all other methods of ligation when epoxy resin-coated stainless steel archwire was used in ceramic bracket with 0.22˝ metal slot in wet condition. (2) Super slick modules produced the least friction in comparison with regular elastomeric and Teflon-coated ligature groups but produced greater friction than slide modules. (3) Teflon-coated stainless steel ligature produced the highest friction; however, it was not statistically significant when compared with the conventional elastic ligature. (4) In all clinical situations during the retraction stage, a large amount of friction is created in the buccal segment; hence, it is advisable to use slide modules in the buccal segment to reduce static and kinetic friction.
Evaluation and Comparison of Two Different Mouthwashes on Frictional Resistance Between Orthodontic Bracket and Archwire: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Choudhary Jayanti , Shashikumar B , Patil Anand K 
Published: August 2019

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of tea tree oil (TTO) mouthwash and chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on frictional resistance. Settings and Design: In vitro. Materials and Methods: In total, 60 extracted premolars were mounted on a custom-made acrylic fixture. These 60 premolars were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 each, on which 0.022″ × 0.028″ slot MBT stainless steel brackets were bonded and 0.019″ × 0.025″ rectangular stainless steel wire was ligated with an elastomeric module. The 3 groups included a control group where the samples were immersed in artificial saliva and 2 experimental groups immersed in 0.2% CHX and TTO mouthwash, respectively, for 1.5 hours. Postimmersion static frictional resistance was evaluated on a universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical Analysis Used: Tukey’s post hoc procedure. Results: This study showed a statistically significant difference in the frictional resistance between saliva and CHX groups and CHX and TTO groups ( P < .05). No statistically significant difference was observed between saliva and TTO groups ( P > .05). The frictional resistance was more in the CHX mouthwash group than in the TTO mouthwash group. Conclusions: Frictional resistance was lesser in the TTO mouthwash than in the CHX mouthwash. Based on this result, TTO mouthwash can be used instead of CHX mouthwash as an oral hygiene aid in patients with orthodontic treatments.
Three-Dimensional Simulation of Root Position Through a Combined Technique Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography and a Digital Model
Authors: Likitmongkolsakul Udomsak , Aksornmuang Juthatip , Smithmaitrie Pruittikorn , Samruajbenjakun Bancha 
Published: August 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a method to simulate root position in the patient and to evaluate the accuracy of all procedures. Materials and Methods: In Part I, the accuracy of a tooth model generated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was evaluated. Mesiodistal width was measured and compared between digital models and actual teeth. In Part II, the accuracy of simulated root positions generated in the scanned model was evaluated. Simulated root models were superimposed on the scanned dental model using the best fit method. The distances between the reference wire and the tooth were compared. In Part III, the simulated method was used with real orthodontic patients. The distances between the mini-implant and the tooth were compared. Results: Part I: The range of the differences was −0.106 to 0.152 mm. Part II: The range of the differences between the distance of the constructed tooth model and the simulated model was −0.065 to 0.256 mm. Part III: The range of the differences between the distance of the constructed tooth model and the simulated model was −0.089 to 0.135 mm. This technique provided high accuracy, with an average error of only 0.054 mm. Conclusion: High accuracy of the constructed model was achieved. Simulation of root position in a patient can be accomplished by combining data from CBCT and the digital model. This technique might be used effectively in orthodontic treatment.
Comparison of Shear Bond Strength of Different Wire-Composite Combinations for Lingual Retention: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Singh Ananta , Kapoor Sudhir , Mehrotra Praveen , Bhagchandani Jitendra , Agarwal Sonahita 
Published: August 2019

Context: As lingual bonded retainers are required for long-term retention in the oral cavity, the wire-composite combination of choice may be the determining factor for the success of lingual bonded retainers. Aim: We compared the shear bond strength of different wire-composite combinations used for lingual bonded retainers and identified the combination of choice for lingual retention in terms of the shear bond strength. Materials and Methods: A total of 108 extracted human maxillary premolars in pairs were divided into 6 groups of 9 samples each. Three different types of retainer wires (namely, Respond [Ormco Corp., Orange, CA, USA], Leone Ligature Wire [Leone S.p.a., Firenze, Italy], and SRW™ Stranded Retention Wire [Ortho Classic Inc., USA]) were bonded to the teeth with the composites (G-aenial™ Universal Flo and Tetric N-Flow). The shear bond strength was measured on debonding using universal testing machine INSTRON. Results: The maximum shear bond strength (58.28 N) was observed in group IV (Respond wire with Tetric N-Flow), whereas the minimum (25.28 N) was observed in group VI (SRW™ Stranded Retention Wire with Tetric N-Flow). A highly significant difference was observed when the shear bond strength of group IV was compared with all the other groups. Conclusions: The maximum shear bond strength was observed in the wire-composite combination of Respond dead-soft wire with Tetric N-Flow composite. Therefore, it could be the wire-composite combination of choice for bonded lingual retainer.
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Effect on Serum Uric Acid—A Class Effect?
Authors: Sutton Burke Elizabeth M. , Kelly Tessa C. , Shoales Lindsey A. , Nagel Angela K. 
Published: August 2019

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive review to determine whether there is a class effect among angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in relation to serum uric acid. Summary: A literature search was conducted and 8 articles were identified for inclusion in this review. In the studies reviewed, candesartan and valsartan were shown to have either a neutral or negative effect on serum uric acid. Azilsartan was shown to have a negative impact on serum uric acid while eprosartan appeared to have no impact on serum uric acid levels. Irbesartan demonstrated either a neutral or positive effect on serum uric acid while losartan exhibited a positive effect. Conclusion: The available data indicate that the reduction of serum uric acid is not a class effect of ARBs. Of the available agents, only losartan has clear evidence of its ability to lower serum uric acid. For patients with high blood pressure and elevated serum uric acid, losartan should be considered as a first-line agent with irbesartan as an alternative when appropriate.
Pharmacists’ Perspectives on Prescribing and Expanding Access to Hormonal Contraception in Pharmacies in the United States
Authors: Rafie Sally , Cieri-Hutcherson Nicole E. , Frame Tracy R. , Griffin Brooke , Harris John Brock , Horlen Cheryl , Shealy Kayce , Stein Amy Buros , Stone Rebecca H. , Vest Kathleen , Westberg Sarah , Yancey Abigail M. 
Published: August 2019

Introduction: Pharmacist prescribing of contraception is becoming increasingly available in selected states. The objective of this study was to assess US community pharmacists’ perspectives on expanding access, barriers, and facilitators since states have begun pharmacist scope of practice expansions for prescribing contraception. Methods: A survey study of US community pharmacists’ support for expanded access models, pharmacist prescribing practices and interest, and importance of safety, cost, and professional practice issues for prescribing was conducted. Results: Pharmacists are generally supportive of pharmacist prescribing and behind-the-counter models for hormonal contraception and generally opposed to over-the-counter access. A majority (65%) are interested in prescribing hormonal contraception. The top motivation for prescribing contraception is enjoying individual patient contact (94%). Safety concerns (eg, patients not obtaining health screenings) remained most important for pharmacist implementation, followed by cost (eg, lack of payment or reimbursement for pharmacists’ services), and professional practice (eg, pharmacist time constraints and liability) issues. Conclusion: This study provides an updated understanding of attitudes toward models of expanded access to hormonal contraception, interest in prescribing, and barriers and facilitators to this service among community pharmacists. Many barriers such as time and reimbursement remain unchanged. This information can inform policy and implementation efforts.
Effect of Early Weightbearing Following Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Unstable Ankle Fractures on Wound Complications or Failures of Fixation
Authors: Pyle Casey , Kim-Orden Michael , Hughes Tyler , Schneiderman Brian , Kay Robert , Harris Thomas 
Published: August 2019

Background: There is a growing trend toward early weightbearing as tolerated (WBAT) after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of ankle fractures. To date, studies have excluded fractures with associated syndesmotic injuries from their cohorts. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, a chart review was performed at a single level 1 trauma center, identifying all unstable ankle fractures that underwent operative fixation between July 2016 and July 2017. After exclusion criteria, 63 patients were identified and 31 were included in the final analysis, with 14 undergoing syndesmotic fixation. WBAT was initiated after suture removal, between 2 and 4 weeks postoperatively. Outcomes included fracture union, radiographic maintenance of alignment, hardware failures, wound complications, and the need for repeat surgery. Results: Weightbearing was initiated at an average of 17.8 days. All 31 patients progressed toward fracture union, with no hardware failures. Three patients developed superficial wound breakdown, which was treated with protected weightbearing in all cases and oral antibiotics in 1 case. All 3 went on to heal from their incisions. One patient had delayed wound breakdown and required a split-thickness skin graft that subsequently healed without complication. One patient underwent hardware removal 6 months postoperatively. There were no revision ORIF procedures. Conclusion: There is literature supporting early WBAT after ORIF of unstable ankle fractures in patients without major comorbidities. This article supports this trend, demonstrating that a group of ankle fractures requiring syndesmotic fixation were included in the early weightbearing cohort without a higher rate of catastrophic failure or increased wound problems. Level of Evidence Level IV, retrospective cohort study.