bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate Change and its Impact on the Conditions of Late Blight Occurrence
Authors: Litschmann T. , Hausvater E. , Dolezal P. , Bastova P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The paper is focused on the evaluation of trends in weather indicators influencing conditions for late blight occurrence, and subsequently on trends in the first treatment forecasts, number of infections, and number of infection days. The processing covering the period 1975–2016 was done with a higher density of points for the Czech and Slovak Republics and a lower density for European regions with more important distribution of potato growing on arable land. The obtained results show an unambiguous statistically significant trend in the increase of minimum temperature by around 0.5°C per 10 years; contrarily, no more significant trends were recorded for air humidity. For precipitation no statistically significant decreases were found at any of the processed localities, increases were rarely detected. Considering the number of days with precipitation, for the western part of the studied territory rather increases, while for the eastern part stagnation, and for Ukraine decrease in days with precipitation were recorded. Trends in the processed characteristics using the index method of late blight indicate a statistically more significant earlier onset of the first treatment especially at Czech localities; however, at most localities a slight increase in the number of infection periods and in the number of days with infection pressure was found.
Teoría crítica de la educación
Authors: Navarro Salcedo Wisberto 
Published: September 2018

El artículo presenta los elementos conceptuales fundamentales de la Teoría Crítica de la Educación. Se inicia con la controversia entre la Teoría Crítica de la Ciencia y la Teoría Tradicional de la Ciencia con citas de algunos de sus teóricos (Horkheimer, Adorno, Marcuse, Habermas). Continua con el desarrollo del tema de la educación crítica y su objetivo fundamental: la emancipación del educando, categoría que se trata de enriquecer desde diversos autores. Finaliza con unas tareas a desarrollar dentro de esta perspectiva y el tipo de maestro que se requiere.
Producción de híbridos de maíz con urea estabilizada y nutrición foliar
Authors: Zamudio González Benjamin , Félix Reyes Amelia , Martinez Gutierrez Aaron , Cardoso Galvão João Carlos , Espinosa Calderon Alejandro , Tadeo Robledo Margarita 
Published: September 2018

Se evaluaron seis híbridos de maíz en Ixtlahuaca, Villa Victoria y Temascalcingo, Estado de México, en arreglo de factorial, con urea convencional, Urea NitroXtend con Agrotain y Urea NitroXtend con Agrotain + S a razón de 250 kg ha-1 de N y cuatro tratamientos de fertilización foliar (Testigo, Quimcasa, Disagro y Bios). La combinación de los factores 3*6*3*4 con 4 repeticiones. Los tratamientos foliares se aplicaron en etapa V4-6 y V9-10. Se utilizó un diseño de parcelas sub-subdivididas; con la parcela mayor para híbridos, parcela media para tipos de urea, y parcela menor para tratamientos de fertilización foliar. Se empleó la prueba de Tukey al 5% para la comparación de medias. Para rendimiento de grano, las medias fueron Ixtlahuaca 13.6, Temascalcingo con 11.7 y Villa Victoria 10.8 t ha-1; por híbridos fue para el BG1304 de 14.24, BG1384 con 13.79, Syn1806 con 12.28, Albatros con 11.60, H-51AE con 10.25 y H-57AE con 10.24 t ha-1; no se encontró respuesta a los tipos de urea, en tanto que para fertilización foliar el testigo (11.13 t ha-1) fue superado por el tratamientos Quimcasa (12.36 t ha-1), Disagro (12.49 t ha-1) y Bios (12.30 t ha-1). Se encontraron interacciones positivas de híbridos (H) por tipos de ureas (U) y de híbridos x fertilización foliar (F). Los altos rendimientos obtenidos se debe a la utilización de nuevos híbridos y la adopción de las mejores prácticas agrícolas (MPA,s) entre las cuales se destaca la fertilización al suelo y la nutrición foliar.
FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION AND OXYGENATION OF HEMOGLOBIN AT EXACERBATION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN THE SECOND TRIMESTER OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Andrievskaya I. A. , Ishutina N. A. , Kutepova O. L. 
Published: September 2018

The aim of the study was to assess free radical processes and their effect on oxygenation of hemoglobin in the blood of 18-21 weeks pregnant women with exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection. We examined 40 pregnant women with exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection and various levels of specific antibodies (IgM) at 18-21 weeks and 30 pregnant women without cytomegalovirus. The spectrophotometric method was used to determine the content of oxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-active products, superoxide dismutase in blood erythrocytes; thin layer chromatography – phosphotidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine; gas-liquid chromatography – arachidonic acid. Exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection changes the activity of free radical oxidation processes, the severity of which is determined by the level of IgM antibodies and is manifested by a decrease in superoxide dismutase (p = 0.000) and phosphatidylcholine (p = 0.000), an increase in phospholipase A2 (p = 0.000), lysophosphatidylcholine (p = 0.000), arachidonic acid (p = 0.000) and TBA-active products (p = 0.000). Accumulation of superoxide anion radical and products of lipoperoxidation in erythrocytes decreases oxyhemoglobin (p = 0.000) and increases methemoglobin (p = 0.000). Exacerbation of cytomegalovirus infection at 18-21 weeks is associated with the enhancement of free radical lipid oxidation and a deficiency in the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase. It decreases oxygen transport properties and increases phagocytosis by red blood monocytes; and pregnant women develop further hemic hypoxia.
LECTINS IN ANTI-CANCER STRATEGIES
Authors: Lakhtin M. V. , Lakhtin V. M. , Aleshkin V. A. , Afanasiev M. S. , Afanasiev S. S. 
Published: September 2018

The published during last few years data concerning communicative role of lectins (proteins and their complexes which recognize carbohydrates, glycoconjugates and their patterns) in on-duty supporting and increasing anticancer status of human immunity are analyzed. Examples of lectin-(glycoconjugate pattern) strategies, approaches and tactic variants in study and development of anticancer treatments, principle variants of therapy, possible vaccines in 35 cases of blood connected tumors (leukemia, lymphomas, others), solid tumors (carcinomas, sarcoma, cancers of vaginal biotopes, prostate, bladder, colon, other intestinal compartments, pancreas, liver, kidneys, others) and cancer cell lines are described and systemized. The list of mostly used communicative lectins (pattern recognition receptors, their soluble forms, other soluble lectins possessing specificities of importance) involving in key intercellular cascades and pathway co-functioning is presented. The regulation of resulting expression of distinct active lectins (available and hetero/di/oligomeric forms) and their interaction to adequate glycoconjugate patterns as well as influence distribution of co-functioning lectins and antigens CD between populations and subpopulations of antigen-presented cells (dendritic cells cDC, mDC, moDC, pDC; macrophages M2 and M1), mucosal M-cells, NK-cells play key role for choice and development of anticancer complex procedures increasing innate and innate-coupled immune responses. Prospects of (receptor lectin)-dependent intercellular communications and targeting glycoconjugate constructions into innate immunity cells for therapy of cancer and development of anticancer vaccines are evaluated and discussed.
BORON PREPARATIONS IN PSYCHIATRY AND NEUROLOGY: THEIR RISE, FALL AND RENEWED INTEREST
Authors: Bekker R. A. , Bykov Yu. V. 
Published: September 2018

The use of boron preparations (borax and boric acid) in medicine began long before their isolation in pure form. The mineral water of boron-containing sources has been historically used to treat skin diseases, to wash eyes, to disinfect wounds, etc. Also, what is of interest in the context of this article, boron-containing waters were used as calming, anti- anxiety, anticonvulsant and sleep-promoting remedy. In 1777, boric acid was first isolated from the mineral water of a healing spring source in Florence. Historically, first name of this compound was sal sedativum (“soothing salt”). However, the discovery of boron toxicity led to the cessation of its internal use. In recent decades, it has been found that boron is a microelement necessary for many metabolic processes in the body. It affects memory, cognitive functions, anxiety level, sleep, mood, regulates calcium and magnesium exchange, metabolism of vitamin D and sex steroids. It has been shown that some cases of treatment resistance to standard therapy, for example in epilepsy, anxiety and depression, are related to boron deficiency. In this regard, interest in the use of boron preparations in psychiatry and neurology, but in much smaller doses and on new scientific grounds, flared up again.
ASSESSMENT OF INDICES OF NONSPECIFIC RESISTANCE OF THE ORGANISM IN CONDITIONS OF NARROWING OF THE LUMEN OF THE TRACHEA IN AN EXPERIMENT
Authors: Kurganskiy I. S. , Lepekhova S. A. , Zaritskaya L. V. , Batunova E. V. , Makhutov V. N. , Inozemtsev E. O. , Apartsin K. A. , Grigoryev E. G. 
Published: September 2018

The narrowing of the lumen of the trachea due to cicatricial stenoses of the trachea is one of the urgent problems of the modern surgery. The processes taking place in the trachea and lungs lead to a change in the state of the immune system. Assessment of the dynamics of indices of nonspecific resistance is one of the methods for assessing the severity of the course of the disease. We studied the indices of nonspecific resistance of the organism in narrowing the lumen of the trachea in an experiment in the early postoperative period. The study was carried out on the basis of the scientific department of experimental surgery with the vivarium of Irkutsk Scientific Centre of Surgery and Traumatology, on 24 white male Wistar rats with a body weight of 300–350 g. We simulated narrowing the lumen of the trachea by placing a silicone tube in the lumen of the trachea for 14 days. The parameters of phagocytosis, the state of phagocytic activity of blood neutrophils, spontaneous NBT-test, induced NBT- test were studied. The animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day. We revealed that as a result of narrowing of the lumen of the trachea with the original procedure, the nonspecific resistance of the organism was violated with inhibition of the phagocytic activity of leukocytes. There was inhibition of phagocytic activity of leukocytes and depletion of the functional reserve of leukocytes.
ACTOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF THE COMPLEX PLANT REMEDY
Authors: Muruev B. A. , Mondodoev A. G. , Matkhanov I. E. , Toropova A. A. , Shantanova L. N. , Dimitrov O. G. , Yundunova O. V. , Butukhanova I. S. 
Published: September 2018

Background. Intensive physical exertion is one of the stress-factors leading to the decrease of non-specific resistance of the body, significant increase in oxygen consumption followed by activation of the lipid peroxidation and decrease of endogenic antioxidant system efficacy.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of the complex plant remedy on exercise tolerance of laboratory animals and to reveal mechanisms increasing physical endurance.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out on white Wistar rats weighing 190-220 g. The physical endurance of the animals was estimated by recording time of weighted swimming to complete exhaustion in the pool. The weighting was 7 % of the body mass. The water solution of the dry extract derived from five medicinal plants was introduced intragastrically to the animals of the experimental group at the dose of 100 mg/kg in the volume of 10 ml/kg for 7 days (once a day), an hour before testing. The content of ATP, lactic acid and pyruvic acid were determined in the skeletal muscle homogenate; glycogen was determined in the liver homogenate; in the blood serum there was estimated concentration of malonic dialdehyde, the activity of catalase; the concentration of reduced glutathione was determined in the whole blood and the activity of superoxide dismutase was estimated in erythrocytes.Conclusion. The course introduction of the complex plant remedy to rats results in resilience to intensive physical exertion due to optimization of energy metabolism, inhibition of free-radical biomacromolecule oxidation processes and increase in endogenic antioxidant system activity.
GENETIC DRIFT AND GENE FLOW IN POPULATIONS OF THE GREAT GERBILS
Authors: Sutyagin V. V. 
Published: September 2018

The article describes the additional evolutionary factors, apart from natural selection, which can influence the genetic structure of the populations of the main carriers of the plague microbe – the great gerbil. The influence of genetic drift on random fluctuation of alleles is considered. With the help of a stochastic matrix, on the example of the family group of gerbils consisting of four individuals, the probabilities of the transition of allele frequencies from parents to offspring are calculated. Based on the previously calculated size of the neighborhood in gerbils, it is concluded that any large population of great gerbils can be considered as small in terms of deviation of gene frequencies. In such small groups – parcels – the drift of genes will be of great importance. In addition, the effect of the gene flow on the genetic structure of the gerbil population on the example of the simplest population model “continent-island” is considered. The dynamics of changes in allelic frequencies for 100 generations has been calculated. It is shown that the allele frequency during the 20-30 generations changes at the maximum rate, and then slows as the equilibrium is approached. It is concluded that different populations of gerbils should be considered as separate historically formed structures, with different sequence of influence of external environmental factors on them.
THE DYNAMICS OF ORTHOHANTAVIRUS HANTAAN STRAINS REPLICATION ON THE MODEL OF MOUSE PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES
Authors: Pott A. B. , Iunikhina O. V. , Lyapun I. N. , Kompanets G. G. 
Published: September 2018

Orthohantaviruses (Orthohantavirus genus, Hantaviridae family) are the causative agents of a widespread natural focal infection in the Russian Federation, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). An important role in the persistence of orthohantavirus in reservoir hosts among other immunological responses, as well as in the spread of the virus in the infected organism, is played by infected macrophages, which, along with the vascular endothelium, are the main targets for orthohantaviruses.The aim of our study was to investigate the characteristics of replication of orthohantavirus Hantaan strains isolated from Apodemus mice and detect the influence of different values of multiplicity of infection (MOI) on replication dynamics of orthohantaviruses on cell culture.Materials and methods. We used 4 strains of Hantaan virus, isolated from A. agrarius (n = 2) and A. peninsulae (n = 2), captured in the different areas of Primorsky Krai of Russia. The modeling of infection was performed on the primary cell culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages with different MOI (from 10 to 0.1). The assessing of infection was conducted via indirect fluorescent antibody assay, and results were expressed as rate of antigen- positive cells per all cells in the field of vision. Results. Common dynamics of orthohantavirus infection on this in vitro model was characterized by periodically increased rates of infected cells after 2, 4, 6 и 8 hours post infection (p.i.). Replication of A. agrarius-borne strains was more intensive compare with viruses, isolated from A. peninsulae, in the time point 4 hour p.i. on the background the same MOI the statistically significant difference of rate of antigen-positive cell 24.9 ± 2.38 % vs 15.2 ± 1.87 % (t = 3.20; p = 0.001414) was observed. Additionally, the decrease of MOI was followed by determined decrease of replication effectivity.Conclusion. The results of our study showed the significant phenotyping heterogeneity of orthohantavirus Hantaan strains, isolated from Apodemus mice, resulting in different rates of replication in the culture of mouse peritoneal macrophages.
REYE-LIKE SYNDROME IN THREE-YEAR-OLD CHILD
Authors: Postnikov S. S. , Mikhailova S. V. , Bryusov G. P. , Kostyleva M. N. , Gratsianskaya A. N. , Ermilin A. E. 
Published: September 2018

The article reviews the literature on classical and atypical Reye’s syndrome, explores the circumstances that contribute to its occurrence, provides criteria for diagnosing with an illustration in the form of an authentic case of Reye-like disease in a child of 3 years old. Reye’s syndrome is a disease manifested by acute encephalopathy in combination with fatty degeneration of the internal organs, mainly the liver. This condition was first described in 1963 by an Australian pathologist who identified 21 cases of the disease in children with influenza A who were taking acetylsalicylic acid, 17 children died. In the future, the circle of infections that preceded the development of Reye’s syndrome-acute respiratory infections, chickenpox, entero- and rotavirus infections, in rare cases, hepatitis A and HIV, bacterial infections: mycoplasma, chlamydia, whooping cough, shigella, salmonella. Drugs that can cause the development of this syndrome: tetracycline, zidovudine, diclofenac sodium, mefenamic acid, paracetamol, amiodarone, warfarin, phenothiazine derivatives, histaminolytics (dimedrol), valproic acid. Along with drugs, insecticides, herbicides, hepatotoxic fungi can be used as triggers of the syndrome. There is an age dependence of the development of this syndrome. The pathogenesis of classic Reye’s syndrome is associated with generalized damage to the mitochondria primarily in the brain, as well as in the liver, kidneys, muscles, myocardium and pancreas, with the disturbance of oxidation of fatty acids in them and the formation of fat degeneration of varying degrees. In addition to the classic Reye’s syndrome, atypical Reye’s syndrome or Reye-like disease is isolated, occurs in children under 5 with congenital disturbance of oxidation of fatty acids. We observed in our clinic the case of Reye-like disease in a girl of three years with infection and taking antipyretics. In the discussion section, the features of the given case are noted, the question of the appropriateness (in view of the generality of the clinic and the mechanisms of development) of dividing the syndrome into classical and atypical is discussed. A new name for both conditions is proposed — Reye’s disease in honor of the discoverer, highlighting its two forms with an early and late onset. Given the morphological changes in this syndrome — steatosis of internal organs — authors seem to be appropriate measures aimed at treating secondary mitochondrial insufficiency and fatty dystrophy.
MYOPATHY CAUSED BY THE INTERACTION OF COLCHICINE AND STATINS
Authors: Kazakov A. S. , Darmostukova M. A. , Bukatina T. M. , Snegireva I. I. , Lepakhin V. K. , Zatolochina K. E. 
Published: September 2018

Myopathy is a life-threatening disease that can be caused, among other things, by the intake of various medications. Despite the fact that many drug-induced myopathies are well known, however, many health professionals are not alert to myopathies caused by drug interactions. Myopathy is a wellknown adverse reaction of statins, and muscle damage can range from minor muscle pain and weakness to life-threatening rhabdomyolysis. Colchicine can also cause myopathy, including rhabdomyolysis. The combination of colchicine and statins can significantly increase the risk of myopathy compared with their intake separately. In cases of development of myopathy in patients receiving colchicine and statins simultaneously, the most common manifestation of drug interaction was muscle weakness, occurring in almost every case, and in some cases, muscle weakness was so severe that the patient lost the ability to move. In a third of cases, the development of muscle weakness was accompanied by muscular pain, and darkening of urine to tea shade. One study showed that 40 % of patients received concurrent combinations of drugs that increased the risk of muscle damage. It is concluded that the simultaneous administration of colchicine and statins requires an assessment of the “benefit-risk” ratio, as well as the administration of drugs in minimally effective doses.
POST-MARKETING DRUG SAFETY RESEARCH: ANALYSIS OF RECOMMENDATIONS OF FOREIGN REGULATORS
Authors: Shubnikova E. V. , Bukatina T. M. , Kaperko D. A. , Velts N. Yu. , Darmostukova M. A. , Kazakov A. S. , Snegireva I. I. , Zhuravleva E. O. , Kutekhova G. V. 
Published: September 2018

The monitoring of information on the safety of various drugs is becoming more relevant day by day, as the number of drugs on the pharmaceutical market increases, generic drugs, bio-analogous drugs appear. Long-term post-marketing use of a medicinal product allows to accumulate a sufficient evidence base and experience of application in various population groups, to study the features of the use of this drug. Information on the safe use of new drugs can be obtained in selected scientific publications. In addition to publications in the specialized scientific literature, regulators of different countries on the basis of new information give opinions on the need to make changes in instructions for medical use. When analyzing the recommendations of Russian and foreign regulatory authorities on restricting the circulation of medicines and / or the need to amend the instructions for their medical use in connection with the change in the assessment of the safety profile, we identified 16 administrative decisions of foreign regulatory bodies containing information about the following drugs registered in Russia. We consider all recommendations to be important information on the safety of medicines, which is addressed to specialists in the field of medicine, in particular to persons authorized by pharmacovigilance in pharmaceutical companies. In addition, this information may be of interest to physicians of various specialties who in their practice use buprenorphine, venlafaxine, gadolinium contrast drugs hydroxyethyl starch, daclizumab, duloxetine, denosumab, cladribine, clomifene citrate, milnacipran, methotrexate, pemetrexet, radium dichloride, rifampicin, phoebusostat, flupirtine.
Yapma Borçlarının İcrası ve Bazı Temel Sorunlar
Authors: ERDOĞAN Ersin 
Published: September 2018

Bu çalışmada, borçlunun bedenî veya fikrî emeğini ortaya koymak suretiyle
gerçekleştirdiği hareket tarzını ifade eden yapma borçlarının cebri icrası, Türk ve
Alman hukukları karşılaştırılarak incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nun
113’üncü maddesinde düzenlenen ve uygulama ve öğretide de nama ifa olarak
adlandırılan hüküm ile yapma borçlarının icrasını düzenleyen İcra ve İflâs
Kanunu’nun 30’uncu maddesinin birlikte nasıl uygulanabileceği tartışılmıştır.
Uluslararası Su Yollarının Kullanılmasından Doğan Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü
Authors: EKMEN Selahaddin Eyyüp , FIRAT Muhammed Sabır 
Published: September 2018

Uluslararası su yollarının kullanımından doğan uyuşmazlıklarda uluslararası
alanda kapsayıcı, kabul görmüş, uygulanan hukuk henüz oluşturulmamıştır.
Genellikle tarafların ikili ya da çok taraflı antlaşmalarıyla çözüm yoluna
gidilmektedir. Bu minvalde uygulana gelen çok taraflı antlaşmalardan birkaçı
1992 Helsinki, 1997 BM Uluslararası Su Yollarının Ulaşım Dışı Maksatlarla
Kullanımına İlişkin Sözleşme ve Avrupa Birliği Su Çerçeve Direktifidir. Gerek
bahsedilen çok taraflı sözleşmelerde olsun gerekse de devletlerin kendi aralarındaki
uyuşmazlığa ilişkin sözleşmelerde olsun çözüm noktasında kabul
görmüş belli doktrinler mevcuttur. Uyuşmazlıkların antlaşmalar dâhilinde
çözüme ulaştırılmaması halinde ise usulün elverdiği ölçüde uluslararası hukuk
normları çözüm noktasında etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Uluslararası Su
Yollarının Kullanılmasından Doğan Uyuşmazlıkların Çözümü noktasında
inceleme yapılmıştır.