bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of climatic and hydrological disturbances on blackwater floodplain forests in Central Amazonia
Authors: Rocha Duarte Neves Juliana , Fernandez Piedade Maria Teresa , Faria de Resende Angélica , Oliveira Feitosa Yuri , Schöngart Jochen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractExtreme climatic events and anthropic disturbances affect the hydrological regime of Amazonian rivers and connected floodplain forests. This study aims to investigate the impacts of the Balbina hydroelectric power plant on the floodplain forests of the Uatumã River, in the Central Amazon. For this, tree age and diameter increment from the most abundant tree species of three different topographic levels were obtained and analyzed in the affected area downstream of the Balbina dam (Uatumã River) and compared to an undisturbed site (Abacate River, affluent) considering age structure and mean diameter increments between the topographic levels and the two systems. The occurrence of old trees is much lower at the disturbed site compared to the undisturbed system. Especially at the middle topography of the Uatumã site, we observed tree species with high mean diameter increment indicating a strong disturbance. We suggest that the disturbances may be associated with extreme hydro‐climatic events, such as extreme droughts that occurred during the El Niño years 1925/26 and 1982/83 and that these events may increase vulnerability of igapó floodplains to wildfires.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Bone loss around oral and orthopedic implants: An immunologically based condition
Authors: Albrektsson Tomas , Becker William , Coli Pierluigi , Jemt Torsten , Mölne Johan , Sennerby Lars 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMarginal bone resorption has by some been identified as a “disease” whereas in reality it generally represents a condition.PurposeThe present article is a comparison between oral and orthopedic implants, as previously preferred comparisons between oral implants and teeth seem meaningless.Materials and MethodsThe article is a narrative review on reasons for marginal bone loss.Results and ConclusionsThe pathology of an oral implant is as little related to a tooth as is pathology of a hip arthroplasty to a normally functioning, pristine hip joint. Oral as well as orthopedic implants are recognized as foreign bodies by the immune system and bone is formed, either in contact or distance osteogenesis, to shield off the foreign materials from remaining tissues. A mild immune reaction coupled to a chronic state of inflammation around the implant serve to protect implants from bacterial attacks. Having said this, an overreaction of the immune system may lead to clinical problems. Marginal bone loss around oral and orthopedic implants is generally not dependent on disease, but represents an immunologically driven rejection mechanism that, if continuous, will threaten implant survival. The immune system may be activated by various combined patient and clinical factors or, if rarely, by microbes. However, the great majority of cases with marginal bone loss represents a temporary immune overreaction only and will not lead to implant failure due to various defense mechanisms.
Long‐term evaluation of sound localisation in single‐sided deaf adults fitted with a BAHA device
Authors: Bonne Nicolas‐Xavier , Hanson Jean‐Noël , Gauvrit Fanny , Risoud Michaël , Vincent Christophe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo perform a long‐term evaluation of the localisation capabilities in the horizontal plane of single‐sided deaf patients fitted with a BAHA device.DesignSingle‐centre retrospective study.ParticipantsTwenty‐one adults with single‐sided deafness (SSD) with normal hearing in the contralateral ear (pure tone average <20 dB, SDS > 90%) rehabilitated with a Cochlear BAHA device from 2003 to 2012 on the deaf side over a median follow‐up of 8 years.Outcome measuresThe task used in this paper is a sound localisation identification task with a set‐up of seven loudspeakers on a semi‐circular array at 30‐degree intervals performed at three periods: before BAHA, initially and at last follow‐up. Our main criterion of judgement was the root‐mean‐square (RMS) localisation error. In addition, the Bern Benefit in Single‐Sided Deafness Questionnaire (BBSS) was administered.ResultsThe mean RMS localisation error was initially estimated at 64° without any rehabilitation (for a chance level RMS estimated at 81°). Initially, with the BAHA device, the RMS localisation error dropped to 51°. At the last follow‐up evaluation, a significant decrease at 23° was noted. Concerning the Bern Questionnaire, 19% of the patients (n = 4) did not report any change (score of 0), 33% (n = 7) are satisfied (score of +1 or +2) and 48% (n = 10) are very satisfied with the BAHA device (score better than +3).ConclusionImprovement of sound localisation in the horizontal plane for some SSD patients is likely related to altered processing of monaural spectral cues. The time needed to learn to use the azimuth‐dependent spectral cues takes time. Long‐term follow‐up should be considered for studies investigating sound localisation performance.
Effects of land use, cover, and protection on stream and riparian ecosystem services and biodiversity
Authors: Hanna Dalal E.L. , Raudsepp‐Hearne Ciara , Bennett Elena M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProtected areas are an important part of broader landscapes that are often used to preserve biodiversity or natural features. Some argue that protected areas may also help ensure provision of ecosystem services. However, the effect of protection on ecosystem services and whether protection affects the provision of ecosystem services is known only for a few services in a few types of landscapes. We sought to fill this gap by investigating the effect of watershed protection status and land use and land cover on biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. We compared the ecosystem services provided in and around streams in 4 watershed types: International Union for Conservation of Nature category II protected forests, unprotected forests, unprotected forests with recent timber harvesting, and unprotected areas with agriculture. We surveyed 28 streams distributed across these watershed types in Quebec, Canada, to quantify provisioning of clean water, carbon storage, recreation, wild foods, habitat quality, and terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity richness and abundance. The quantity and quality of ecosystem services and biodiversity were generally higher in sites with intact forest—whether protected or not—relative to those embedded in production landscapes with forestry or agriculture. Clean‐water provision, carbon storage, habitat quality, and tree diversity were significantly higher in and around streams surrounded by forest. Recreation, wild foods, and aquatic biodiversity did not vary among watershed types. Although some services can be provided by both protected and unprotected areas, protection status may help secure the continued supply of services sensitive to changes in land use or land cover. Our findings provide needed information about the ecosystem service and biodiversity trade‐offs and synergies that result from developing a watershed or from protecting it.
Renal outcome after simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation
Authors: Toinet Théodore , Dominique Inès , Cholley Irène , Vanalderwerelt Victor , Goujon Anna , Paret Fanny , Bessede Thomas , Delaporte Véronique , Salomon Laurent , Badet Lionel , Boutin Jean‐Michel , Verhoest Gregory , Branchereau Julien , Timsit Marc‐Olivier ,   Renal Transplantation Committee of the French Urological Association (CTAFU)
Published: May 2019

AbstractSimultaneous heart‐kidney transplant (HKTx) is a valid treatment for patients with coexisting heart and renal failure. The aim of this study was to assess renal outcome in HKTx and to identify predictive factors for renal loss. A retrospective study was conducted among 73 HKTx recipients: Donors’ and recipients' records were reviewed to evaluate patients’ and renal transplants’ survival and their prognostic factors. The mean follow‐up was 5.36 years. Renal primary non‐function occurred in 2.7%, and complications Clavien IIIb or higher were observed in 67.1% including 16 (22%) postoperative deaths. Five‐year overall survival and renal survival were 74.5% and 69.4%. Among survivors, seven returned to dialysis during follow‐up. The postoperative use of ECMO (HR = 6.04, P = 0.006), dialysis (HR = 1.04/day, P = 0.022), and occurrence of complications (HR = 31.79, P = 0.022) were independent predictors of postoperative mortality but not the history of previous HTx or KTx nor renal function prior to transplantation. History of KTx (HR = 2.52, P = 0.026) and increased delay between the two transplantations (HR = 1.25/hour, P = 0.018) were associated with renal transplant failure. HKTx provides good renal transplant survival and function, among survivors. Early mortality rate of 22% underlines the need to identify perioperative risk factors that would lead to more judicious and responsible allocation of a scarce resource.
Use of sensor‐integrated pump therapy to reduce hypoglycaemia in people with Type 1 diabetes: a real‐world study in the UK
Authors: Choudhary P. , de Portu S. , Arrieta A. , Castañeda J. , Campbell F. M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy of insulin pumps with automated insulin suspension systems in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe analysed anonymized data uploaded to CareLink™ by people (n=920) with Type 1 diabetes using the MiniMed Paradigm Veo system and the MiniMed 640G system (Medtronic International Trading Sàrl, Tolochanez, Switzerland) with SmartGuard technology, with or without automated insulin suspension enabled, between February 2016 and June 2018. Users with ≥15 days of sensor data and ≥70% sensor‐wear time were classified as sensor‐augmented pump alone, sensor‐integrated pump with low glucose suspend enabled or sensor‐integrated pump with predictive low glucose management enabled.ResultsThe median (25th–75th percentile) system use was 161 (58–348) days. The median time spent with sensor glucose values ≤3 mmol/l was 0.8 (0.3–1.7)% in the sensor‐augmented pump group, 0.3 (0.1–0.7)% in the sensor‐integrated pump with low glucose suspend group, and 0.3 (0.1–0.5)% in the sensor‐integrated pump with predictive low glucose management group. In individuals switching from sensor‐augmented pump to sensor‐integrated pump with low glucose suspend (n=31), there were significant reductions in the monthly rate of hypoglycaemic events <3 mmol/l (rate ratio 0.63, 95% CI 0.45–0.89; P=0.009) and in the percentage of time with glucose values ≤3 mmol/l [sensor‐augmented pump: 0.63% (95% CI 0.34–1.29), sensor‐integrated pump with low glucose suspend: 0.33% (95% CI 0.16–0.64); P=0.001]. The monthly rate of hypoglycaemic events decreased further in individuals (n=139) switching from sensor‐integrated pump with low glucose suspend to sensor‐integrated pump with predictive low glucose management [rate ratio 0.82 (95% CI 0.69–0.98); P<0.0274]. Similar results were seen for events <3.9 mmol/l. There was no difference in median time spent in target glucose range.ConclusionReal‐world UK data show that increasing automation of insulin suspension reduces hypoglycaemia exposure in people with Type 1 diabetes.
Understanding of interaction (subgroup) analysis in clinical trials
Authors: Brankovic Milos , Kardys Isabella , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Lemeshow Stanley , Markovic Maja , Rizopoulos Dimitris , Boersma Eric 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhen the treatment effect on the outcome of interest is influenced by a baseline/demographic factor, investigators say that an interaction is present. In randomized clinical trials (RCTs), this type of analysis is typically referred to as subgroup analysis. Although interaction (or subgroup) analyses are usually stated as a secondary study objective, it is not uncommon that these results lead to changes in treatment protocols or even modify public health policies. Nonetheless, recent reviews have indicated that their proper assessment, interpretation and reporting remain challenging.ResultsTherefore, this article provides an overview of these challenges, to help investigators find the best strategy for application of interaction analyses on binary outcomes in RCTs. Specifically, we discuss the key points of formal interaction testing, including the estimation of both additive and multiplicative interaction effects. We also provide recommendations that, if adhered to, could increase the clarity and the completeness of reports of RCTs.ConclusionAltogether, this article provides a brief non‐statistical guide for clinical investigators on how to perform, interpret and report interaction (subgroup) analyses in RCTs.
Winning and losing with microbes: how microbially mediated fitness differences influence plant diversity
Authors: Kandlikar Gaurav S. , Johnson Christopher A. , Yan Xinyi , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInteractions between plants and soil microbes can strongly influence plant diversity and community dynamics. Soil microbes may promote plant diversity by driving negative frequency‐dependent plant population dynamics, or may favor species exclusion by providing one species an average fitness advantage over others. However, past empirical research has focused overwhelmingly on the consequences of frequency‐dependent feedbacks for plant species coexistence and has generally neglected the consequences of microbially mediated average fitness differences. Here we use theory to develop metrics that quantify microbially mediated plant fitness differences, and show that accounting for these effects can profoundly change our understanding of how microbes influence plant diversity. We show that soil microbes can generate fitness differences that favour plant species exclusion when they disproportionately harm (or favour) one plant species over another, but these fitness differences may also favor coexistence if they trade off with competition for other resources or generate intransitive dominance hierarchies among plants. We also show how the metrics we present can quantify microbially mediated fitness differences in empirical studies, and explore how microbial control over coexistence varies along productivity gradients. In all, our analysis provides a more complete theoretical foundation for understanding how plant–microbe interactions influence plant diversity.
Experimental dominant plant removal results in contrasting assembly for dominant and non‐dominant plants
Authors: Arnillas Carlos Alberto , Cadotte Marc W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding why communities appear deterministically dominated by relatively few species is an age‐old debate in ecology. We hypothesised that the dominant and non‐dominant species in a community are governed by different assembly mechanisms where environmental conditions influence dominant species more than non‐dominant species. Further, dominant plants moderate the environment where non‐dominant species thrive, diminishing the influence of environmental filtering and increasing the influence of limiting similarity for non‐dominant species. We tested these hypotheses by removing two dominant species in five temperate meadows. We found that the composition of the non‐dominants diverged while the new dominants converged over time. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that habitat filtering and limiting similarity drove the new dominant species simultaneously. Conversely, non‐dominant community assembly appeared more unpredictable. These suggest that dominant species converged towards a predictable environmentally driven optimum, while non‐dominant species thrive in a moderated habitat, which probably reduced non‐dominant species predictability.
A pericyte‐glia scarring develops at the leaky capillaries in the hippocampus during seizure activity
Authors: Klement Wendy , Blaquiere Marine , Zub Emma , deBock Frederic , Boux Fabien , Barbier Emmanuel , Audinat Etienne , Lerner‐Natoli Mireille , Marchi Nicola 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveInflammatory cerebrovascular damage occurs in epilepsy. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a pericyte‐glia scar forms around the outer wall of hippocampal capillaries in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. We studied the participation of stromal cells expressing platelet‐derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) and extracellular matrix modifications to the perivascular scar during epileptogenesis.MethodsWe used NG2DsRed/C57BL6 mice and induced status epilepticus (SE) followed by epileptogenesis and spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) by means of unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA). For pharmacological assessment, we used organotypic hippocampal cultures (OHCs) where ictal electrographic activity was elicited by KA or bicuculline.ResultsNG2DsRed pericytes, GFAP astroglia, and IBA1 microglia are reactive and converge to form a pericapillary multicellular scar in the CA hippocampal regions during epileptogenesis and at SRS. The capillaries are leaky as indicated by fluorescein entering the parenchyma from the peripheral blood. Concomitantly, PDGFRβ transcript and protein levels were significantly increased. Within the regional scar, a fibrotic‐like PDGFRβ mesh developed around the capillaries, peaking at 1 week post‐SE and regressing, but not resolving, at SRS. Abnormal distribution or accumulation of extracellular matrix collagens III/IV occurred in the CA regions during seizure progression. PDGFRβ/DAPI cells were in direct contact with or adjacent to the damaged NG2DsRed pericytes at the capillary interface, consistent with the notion of stromal cell reactivity or fibroblast formation. Inducing electrographic activity in OHCs was sufficient to augment PDGFRβ reactivity around the capillaries. The latter effect was pharmacologically mimicked by treating OHCs with the PDGFRβ agonist PDGF‐BB and it was diminished by the PDGFRβ inhibitor imatinib.SignificanceThe reported multicellular activation and scar are traits of perivascular inflammation and hippocampal sclerosis in experimental epilepsy, with an implication for neurovascular dysfunction. Modulation of PDGFRβ could be exploited to target inflammation in this chronic disease setting.
Stress state and stress‐induced microstructural evolution around the crack tip of G115 steel after dwell‐fatigue crack propagation
Authors: Tang Zhengxin , Jing Hongyang , Xu Lianyong , Zhao Lei , Han Yongdian , Xiao Bo , Zhang Yu , Li Haizhou , Wu Dongquan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMany components operate under creep‐fatigue loading causing an increasing need to learn the knowledge about creep‐fatigue crack growth (CFCG). The stress and microstructural evolution around the crack tip of G115 steel after CFCG were investigated. According to the finite element simulations, the variations of equivalent stress and stress triaxiality in the crack tip zone are presented. Furthermore, the evolutions of martensitic laths, dislocations, and precipitates were systematically studied through electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy observations. The laths at the crack tip or under a larger hold time are wider than those remote from the crack tip or under a shorter dwell time. Meanwhile, the dislocation densities reduced significantly at the crack tip or under a larger hold time. The different variations of laths' width and dislocation densities resulted from the different stress triaxiality and creep strain. W‐rich Laves and Cu‐rich phases appeared during CFCG. The Laves phase coarsened rapidly because of the stress‐accelerated diffusion.
Drones detect illegal and derelict crab traps in a shallow water estuary
Authors: Bloom Daniel , Butcher Paul A. , Colefax Andrew P. , Provost Euan J. , Cullis Brian R. , Kelaher Brendan P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe issues surrounding illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing, and that of abandoned, lost and discarded fishing gears, leading to ghost fishing, are intensifying. Estuarine crab trapping is likely subject to high levels of illegal and potential ghost fishing, because it also has good economic incentives regarding potential catch, low gear acquisition costs and accessible fishing grounds. To improve the efficiency and effectiveness of fisheries monitoring, control and surveillance operations, the efficacy of small consumer‐grade drones for sighting traps in an estuary in NSW, Australia, was tested. Twelve sets of two flights were undertaken at 20 and 30 m altitude over a 600‐m stretch of estuary for 5 days to quantify the detectability of submerged mesh traps of three different mesh colours. The drone was able to detect the majority of traps efficiently, with depth in relation to water clarity being the main factor affecting detection. In shallow water, detection rates were high for all mesh colours, but in the slightly deeper placements, orange traps were more readily detected. This study demonstrates that drones could be an efficient and reliable tool for rapidly assessing areas for illegal and derelict traps and can be supplemented into land or vessel‐based fisheries operations.
Variation in rate of phenological development and morphology between red clover varieties: Implications for clover proportion and feed quality in mixed swards
Authors: Nadeem Shahid , Steinshamn Håvard , Sikkeland Elin Halvorsen , Gustavsson Anne‐Maj , Bakken Anne Kjersti 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRed clover (Trifolium pratense) grown in mixtures with grasses often constitutes a lower proportion of total yield in spring than in summer growth. A more even red clover proportion between the harvests would benefit forage quality and management at feeding. We investigated whether inclusion of early versus late‐maturing red clover varieties could reduce this disproportionality. In a two‐year field trial harvested three times per season, each of six red clover varieties was grown in two grass mixtures. Rate of phenological development did not differ during spring growth, but did so in regrowth after first and second cuts. Here, the earliest varieties constituted the highest proportion. At all harvests, the early varieties had lower crude protein concentrations and a higher content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and indigestible NDF than the late varieties. Clover proportion was higher in swards with a mixture of timothy and meadow fescue than in swards with perennial ryegrass during the first year and lower in the second year. It is concluded that developmental rate should be explored further as a key character for red clover competiveness in spring growth of rapidly elongating grasses.