bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase, an anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic strategy in the liver
Authors: Habib Aida , Chokr Dina , Wan JingHong , Hegde Pushpa , Mabire Morgane , Siebert Matthieu , Ribeiro-Parenti Lara , Le Gall Maude , Lettéron Philippe , Pilard Nathalie , Mansouri Abdellah , Brouillet Arthur , Tardelli Matteo , Weiss Emmanuel , Le Faouder Pauline , Guillou Hervé , Cravatt Benjamin F , Moreau Richard , Trauner Michael , Lotersztajn Sophie 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveSustained inflammation originating from macrophages is a driving force of fibrosis progression and resolution. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the degradation of monoacylglycerols. It is a proinflammatory enzyme that metabolises 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endocannabinoid receptor ligand, into arachidonic acid. Here, we investigated the impact of MAGL on inflammation and fibrosis during chronic liver injury.DesignC57BL/6J mice and mice with global invalidation of MAGL (MAGL-/-), or myeloid-specific deletion of either MAGL (MAGLMye-/-), ATG5 (ATGMye-/-) or CB2 (CB2Mye-/-), were used. Fibrosis was induced by repeated carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections or bile duct ligation (BDL). Studies were performed on peritoneal or bone marrow-derived macrophages and Kupffer cells.ResultsMAGL-/- or MAGLMye-/- mice exposed to CCl4 or subjected to BDL were more resistant to inflammation and fibrosis than wild-type counterparts. Therapeutic intervention with MJN110, an MAGL inhibitor, reduced hepatic macrophage number and inflammatory gene expression and slowed down fibrosis progression. MAGL inhibitors also accelerated fibrosis regression and increased Ly-6Clow macrophage number. Antifibrogenic effects exclusively relied on MAGL inhibition in macrophages, since MJN110 treatment of MAGLMye-/- BDL mice did not further decrease liver fibrosis. Cultured macrophages exposed to MJN110 or from MAGLMye-/- mice displayed reduced cytokine secretion. These effects were independent of the cannabinoid receptor 2, as they were preserved in CB2Mye-/- mice. They relied on macrophage autophagy, since anti-inflammatory and antifibrogenic effects of MJN110 were lost in ATG5Mye-/- BDL mice, and were associated with increased autophagic flux and autophagosome biosynthesis in macrophages when MAGL was pharmacologically or genetically inhibited.ConclusionMAGL is an immunometabolic target in the liver. MAGL inhibitors may show promising antifibrogenic effects during chronic liver injury.
De convidado a anfitrião – a ânima local do CCBB Brasília
Authors: Oliveira Adelaide Cristina Nascimento de , Barroso Eloisa Pereira 
Published: October 2018

O turista/visitante do Centro Cultural Banco do Brasil Brasília (CCBB) ressignifica os espaços enquanto o Centro, como anfitrião, adapta-se a essa necessidade. Este artigo repercute como a movimentação do espaço modificou o relacionamento da sociedade e do próprio mecenas, o Banco do Brasil, com o CCBB. E isso levando-se em conta o turismo e seu valor simbólico sobre um ambiente outrora inóspito e atualmente vivaz em seus lugares em constante transmutação. O texto ainda aborda o que leva uma instituição financeira a investir em um segmento que não é o seu, concentrando recursos em espaços com equipamentos próprios, prevendo programação regular e diversificada. O tão aclamado “sinta-se em casa” pode tornar o visitante indesejado, caso não aceite as regras do lugar – e ele tem inúmeras formas de fazê-lo. No entanto, o CCBB ocupou o Edifício Tancredo Neves, tornando-se um dos sítios mais aprazíveis na capital federal, ao transformar-se continuamente. O fato custou ao prédio o próprio nome, pois todos os que buscam pela programação cultural oferecida não se referem ao complexo pelo seu nome de batismo. O conjunto arquitetônico, inaugurado para ser o centro de formação dos funcionários do Banco do Brasil, tornou-se sinônimo de lazer voltado para os mais diversos públicos. O fluxo de visitantes é constante, ao ponto de transformar o CCBB DF no segundo museu/centro cultural mais visitado do Brasil. Sua hospitalidade é um elemento reconhecido e reforçado, seja na imprensa, nas mídias e redes sociais e, especialmente, nas manifestações dos visitadores. Nas reflexões sobre espaço, paisagem, território e lugar reconhece-se o ambiente como produtor de algo singular, que existe em função de construções de memória coletiva – e tal se dá em função da apropriação do CCBB pelo cidadão.
Association of Computed Tomographic Leg Muscle Characteristics With Lower Limb and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Morris Dylan R. , Skalina Tristan A. , Singh Tejas P. , Moxon Joseph V. , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

Background

Poor lower extremity physical performance is an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome in patients with peripheral artery disease (
PAD
); however, few studies have assessed muscle characteristics on imaging directly.

Method and Results

A novel 3‐dimensional semi‐automated protocol was developed to estimate leg muscle volume and density (mean attenuation) from computed tomography images. Patients with
PAD
who underwent a lower extremity computed tomography scan at a tertiary vascular surgery center were included, and were followed up using hospital records and linked data as part of a retrospective cohort study. The primary outcomes were lower limb events (major amputation or peripheral revascularization) and cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death). Two hundred and twenty‐three patients with
PAD
were included (median age 69.0 years; 73% men) and followed for a median of 4.9 [2.6–7.0] years. During this time there were 99 index lower limb events and 97 cardiovascular events. Low leg muscle density was associated with increased risk of lower limb (rate ratio 1.41 [1.11–1.80] per
SD
reduction) and cardiovascular events (rate ratio 1.60 [1.29–1.99] per
SD
reduction). Low muscle density remained an independent predictor of cardiovascular (but not lower limb) events, after adjusting for age, sex, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and angiographic
PAD
severity (rate ratio 1.39 [1.09–1.77] per lower
SD
). In contrast, leg muscle volume was not associated with outcomes after adjusting for risk factors and
PAD
severity.

Conclusions

Low leg muscle density, but not volume, is a strong, independent predictor of major cardiovascular events among people with
PAD
. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Evaluation of the Wyoming Weather Modification Pilot Project (WWMPP) Using Two Approaches: Traditional Statistics and Ensemble Modeling
Authors: Rasmussen Roy M. , Tessendorf Sarah A. , Xue Lulin , Weeks Courtney , Ikeda Kyoko , Landolt Scott , Breed Dan , Deshler Terry , Lawrence Barry 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Wyoming Weather Modification Pilot Project randomized cloud seeding experiment was a crossover statistical experiment conducted over two mountain ranges in eastern Wyoming and lasted for 6 years (2008–13). The goal of the experiment was to determine if cloud seeding of orographic barriers could increase snowfall and snowpack. The experimental design included triply redundant snow gauges deployed in a target–control configuration, covariate snow gauges to account for precipitation variability, and ground-based seeding with silver iodide (AgI). The outcomes of this experiment are evaluated with the statistical–physical experiment design and with ensemble modeling. The root regression ratio (RRR) applied to 118 experimental units provided insufficient statistical evidence (p value of 0.28) to reject the null hypothesis that there was no effect from ground-based cloud seeding. Ensemble modeling estimates of the impact of ground-based seeding provide an alternate evaluation of the 6-yr experiment. The results of the model ensemble approach with and without seeding estimated a mean enhancement of precipitation of 5%, with an inner-quartile range of 3%–7%. Estimating the impact on annual precipitation over these mountain ranges requires results from another study that indicated that approximately 30% of the annual precipitation results from clouds identified as seedable within the seeding experiment. Thus the seeding impact is on the order of 1.5% of the annual precipitation, compared to 1% for the statistical–physical experiment, which was not sufficient to reject the null hypothesis. These results provide an estimate of the impact of ground-based cloud seeding in the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains in Wyoming that accounts for uncertainties in both initial conditions and model physics.
An Adiabatic Mechanism for the Reduction of Jet Meander Amplitude by Potential Vorticity Filamentation
Authors: Harvey Ben , Methven John , Ambaum Maarten H. P. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The amplitude of ridges in large-amplitude Rossby waves has been shown to decrease systematically with lead time during the first 1–5 days of operational global numerical weather forecasts. These models also exhibit a rapid reduction in the isentropic gradient of potential vorticity (PV) at the tropopause during the first 1–2 days of forecasts. This paper identifies a mechanism linking the reduction in large-scale meander amplitude on jet streams to declining PV gradients. The mechanism proposed is that a smoother isentropic transition of PV across the tropopause leads to excessive PV filamentation on the jet flanks and a more lossy waveguide. The approach taken is to analyze Rossby wave dynamics in a single-layer quasigeostrophic model. Numerical simulations show that the amplitude of a Rossby wave propagating along a narrow but smooth PV front does indeed decay transiently with time. This process is explained in terms of the filamentation of PV from the jet core and associated absorption of wave activity by the critical layers on the jet flanks, and a simple method for quantitatively predicting the magnitude of the amplitude reduction without simulation is presented. Explicitly diffusive simulations are then used to show that the combined impact of diffusion and the adiabatic rearrangement of PV can result in a decay rate of Rossby waves that is 2–4 times as fast as could be expected from diffusion acting alone. This predicted decay rate is sufficient to explain the decay observed in operational weather forecasting models.
Suppression of Cold Weather Events over High-Latitude Continents in Warm Climates
Authors: Hu Zeyuan , Cronin Timothy W. , Tziperman Eli 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent studies, using Lagrangian single-column atmospheric models, have proposed that in warmer climates more low clouds would form as maritime air masses advect into Northern Hemisphere high-latitude continental interiors during winter (DJF). This increase in low cloud amount and optical thickness could reduce surface radiative cooling and suppress Arctic air formation events, partly explaining both the warm winter high-latitude continental interior climate and frost-intolerant species found there during the Eocene and the positive lapse-rate feedback in future Arctic climate change scenarios. Here the authors examine the robustness of this low-cloud mechanism in a three-dimensional atmospheric model that includes large-scale dynamics. Different warming scenarios are simulated under prescribed CO2 and sea surface temperature, and the sensitivity of winter temperatures and clouds over high-latitude continental interior to mid- and high-latitude sea surface temperatures is examined. Model results show that winter 2-m temperatures on extreme cold days increase about 50% faster than the winter mean temperatures and the prescribed SST. Low cloud fraction and surface longwave cloud radiative forcing also increase in both the winter mean state and on extreme cold days, consistent with previous Lagrangian air-mass studies, but with cloud fraction increasing for different reasons than proposed by previous work. At high latitudes, the cloud longwave warming effect dominates the shortwave cooling effect, and the net cloud radiative forcing at the surface tends to warm high-latitude land but cool midlatitude land. This could contribute to the reduced meridional temperature gradient in warmer climates and help explain the greater warming of winter cold extremes relative to winter mean temperatures.
Linking Opioid-Overdose Data to Human Services and Criminal Justice Data: Opportunities for Intervention
Authors: Hacker Karen , Jones Latika Davis , Brink LuAnn , Wilson Abby , Cherna Marc , Dalton Erin , Hulsey Eric G. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: In Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, the incidence of opioid-related overdose deaths increased from 17.4 per 100 000 population in 2008 to 23.9 per 100 000 population in 2014. Our objectives were to describe local demographic characteristics of this epidemic, identify public human services targets for intervention, determine temporal relationships between use of public human services and overdose mortality, and provide recommendations about potentially beneficial interventions. Methods: We used autopsy data from the Allegheny County Medical Examiner to link people who died of overdoses from 2008 through 2014 to their premortem incarcerations and use of mental health services and substance use disorder services. We calculated the frequency of use of public human services by decedents and the interval between the last use of these services and overdose death. Results: Of the 1399 decedents, 957 (68.4%) had a public human service encounter before overdose death. Of these 957 decedents, 531 (55.5%) had ever been incarcerated, 616 (64.4%) had ever used a mental health service, and 702 (73.4%) had ever used a substance use disorder service. Of 211 decedents incarcerated in the year before their overdose death, 54 (25.6%) overdosed within 30 days of their last release from jail. Of 510 decedents using mental health services in the year before death, 231 (45.3%) overdosed within 30 days of their last use of the services. Of 350 decedents using substance use disorder services in the year before their overdose death, 134 (38.3%) overdosed within 30 days of their last use of the services. Conclusions: Merging data on overdose mortality with data on use of public human services can be a useful strategy to identify trends in, and factors contributing to, the opioid epidemic; to target interventions; and to stimulate collaboration to address the epidemic.
Stigma and the in(visible) perspectives and expectations of home oxygen therapy among people with chronic breathlessness syndrome: A qualitative study
Authors: Breaden Katrina , Collier Aileen , Litster Caroline , Allcroft Peter , Currow David C , Phillips Jane L 
Published: October 2018

Background: Chronic breathlessness syndrome in the context of advancing disease is distressing for all concerned. Oxygen is commonly prescribed in this setting; however, little is known about the perspectives of breathless people who either are on oxygen or are yet to have it prescribed. Aim: To understand and describe the perspectives and experiences of breathless people towards oxygen use at home. Design: This qualitative study utilised an interpretive description approach using semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis. Setting/participants: A total of 19 people with chronic breathlessness syndrome living in South Australia participated in semi-structured interviews. Participants were divided into sub-groups according to whether they were chronically breathless and (1) not using home oxygen ( n = 6), (2) using funded home oxygen for severe hypoxaemia ( n = 7) and (3) using home oxygen for palliation outside of funding guidelines ( n = 6). Results: Three main themes were identified: (1) managing distress and living with chronic breathlessness syndrome, with or without oxygen, requires a range of self-management strategies; (2) expectations of oxygen use: ‘Not as good as I thought it would be’; and (3) the stigma of using oxygen: the visible and invisible. Conclusion: People living with chronic breathlessness struggle daily with both the progression of the underlying disease and the distressing nature of the syndrome. While oxygen does provide benefit for some people, its use and the perceptions of its use are often associated with both the visible and invisible manifestations of stigma. Clinicians need to promote self-management strategies and give careful thought to the prescribing of home oxygen, especially outside the current funding guidelines.
Improved Medication Management With Introduction of a Perioperative and Prescribing Pharmacist Service
Authors: Nguyen Anny D. , Lam Alice , Banakh Iouri , Lam Skip , Crofts Tyron 
Published: October 2018

Background: The medication lists in pre-admission clinic (PAC) questionnaires completed by patients prior to surgery are often inaccurate, potentially leading to medication errors during hospitalization. Studies have shown pharmacists are more accurate when obtaining a medication history and transcribing prescription orders, thereby reducing errors. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a PeRiopErative and Prescribing (PREP) pharmacist on postoperative medication management. Methods: A randomized prospective interventional study enrolled elective surgery patients at high risk for medication misadventure to receive PREP pharmacy service or usual care (control group). A best possible medication history (BPMH) was obtained by the PREP pharmacist and was available to surgical staff on admission. The PREP pharmacist also prepared discharge prescriptions for their patients. The primary outcomes for the study were accuracy of BPMH and discharge prescriptions compared to usual care. The study was powered to 80% with 2-tailed significance α of .05. Results: The medication history in the PREP pharmacist group had fewer errors than the control group: 9% (5/53) versus 96% (49/51; P < .001). Discharge prescriptions prepared by the PREP pharmacist had fewer errors than control group: 25% versus 78% ( P < .001). Significantly, more PREP pharmacist patients received a discharge summary with a complete medication list: 75% versus 33% ( P = .001). Inpatient prescribing was more accurate in the PREP pharmacist patients: 0.64 versus 1.31 errors per patient ( P = .047). Conclusion: Inclusion of the PREP pharmacist role in the elective surgery multidisciplinary team improved the accuracy of medication histories, inpatient prescribing, and discharge prescriptions for patients at high risk of medication misadventure.
Analysis of Failed Ankle Arthroplasty Components
Authors: Currier Barbara H. , Hecht Paul J. , Nunley James A. , Mayor Michael B. , Currier John H. , Van Citters Douglas W. 
Published: October 2018

Background: Although advances in joint-replacement technology have made total ankle arthroplasty a viable treatment for end-stage arthritis, revision rates for ankle replacements are higher than in hip or knee replacements. The questions asked in this study were what can retrieved ankle devices demonstrate about ankle arthroplasty failures and how can understanding the causes of these failures inform clinical decisions for current and future ankle arthroplasty patients? Methods: An IRB-approved retrieval laboratory received retrieved components and surgeon-supplied reason for revision from 70 total-ankles (7 designs, including 5 currently marketed designs) from 2002 to 2018. These retrievals were rated for clinical wear and damage. Metal components were rated by method and effectiveness of fixation. Polyethylene inserts received by the laboratory 6 months or less after retrieval (n = 45) were analyzed for oxidation using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, version 22. Results: The ankle implants were retrieved most commonly for loosening and polyethylene fracture. Loosening occurred more frequently in fixed-bearing designs (n = 18) than in the mobile-bearing designs (n = 4) and after shorter in vivo time (mean in vivo time to retrieval for loosening: fixed bearing 3.2 ± 2.1 years, mobile bearing 9.7 ± 4.5 years). Gamma-sterilized ankle inserts oxidized at a higher rate than non-gamma (EtO or gas-plasma) sterilized ankle inserts (gamma 0.29 ± 0.22/y, non-gamma 0.07 ± 0.05/y, mean difference=0.215, 95% CI 0.128-0.303, P < .001). The presence of clinical fatigue (cracking and/or delamination) of the polyethylene insert correlated with measured oxidation (Spearman rho = 0.685, P < .001). Nine inserts, all gamma-sterilized, fractured in vivo. Conclusions: This study suggests that loosening could be more of a problem in fixed-bearing devices than in mobile bearing devices. Gamma-sterilized polyethylene inserts were found to suffer fatigue damage or fracture in vivo, resulting in the need for revision. Retrieval analysis can provide insight into implant-related reasons for revision, with the goal of understanding the implant-related causes of these failures, informing future ankle design and clinical decisions for current and future ankle arthroplasty patients. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative series.
Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and overt nephropathy: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Shunan Fan , Jiqing Yuan , Xue Dong 
Published: October 2018

Objective: The efficacy of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in reducing cardiovascular outcomes in patients with diabetes and overt nephropathy is still a controversial issue. Methods: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library for randomised controlled trials. Results: Thirteen trials containing 4638 patients with diabetes and overt nephropathy were included. Compared with controls, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker treatment did not reduce the risk of cardiovascular events (odds ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 1.03, P=0.18; I2=0.0%, P=0.75). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy reduced the odds of heart failure events by 29% (0.71, 0.61 to 0.83, P<0.001; I2=0%, P=0.78). The results indicated no significant differences between the two treatment regimens with regard to the frequency of MI (0.95, 0.76 to 1.19, P=0.64), stroke (1.20, 0.83 to 1.74, P=0.32), cardiovascular death (1.26, 0.96 to 1.65, P=0.09) and all-cause mortality (0.98, 0.86 to 1.12, P=0.73). Among all kinds of adverse effects, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy increased the incidence of hyperkalemia (2.26, 1.42 to 3.61, P=0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers did not reduce cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and overt nephropathy.