bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial velocity confirmation of K2-100b: a young, highly irradiated, and low-density transiting hot Neptune
Authors: Barragán O , Aigrain S , Kubyshkina D , Gandolfi D , Livingston J , Fridlund M C V , Fossati L , Korth J , Parviainen H , Malavolta L , Palle E , Deeg H J , Nowak G , Rajpaul V M , Zicher N , Antoniciello G , Narita N , Albrecht S , Bedin L R , Cabrera J , Cochran W D , de Leon J , Eigmüller Ph , Fukui A , Granata V , Grziwa S , Guenther E , Hatzes A P , Kusakabe N , Latham D W , Libralato M , Luque R , Montañés-Rodríguez P , Murgas F , Nardiello D , Pagano I , Piotto G , Persson C M , Redfield S , Tamura M 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed analysis of HARPS-N radial velocity observations of K2-100, a young and active star in the Praesepe cluster, which hosts a transiting planet with a period of 1.7 d. We model the activity-induced radial velocity variations of the host star with a multidimensional Gaussian Process framework and detect a planetary signal of 10.6 ± 3.0 ${\rm m\, s^{-1}}$, which matches the transit ephemeris, and translates to a planet mass of 21.8 ± 6.2 M⊕. We perform a suite of validation tests to confirm that our detected signal is genuine. This is the first mass measurement for a transiting planet in a young open cluster. The relatively low density of the planet, $2.04 _{ - 0.61 } ^ { + 0.66 }$ ${\rm g\, cm^{-3}}$, implies that K2-100b retains a significant volatile envelope. We estimate that the planet is losing its atmosphere at a rate of $10^{11}\!-\!10^{12}\, {\rm g\, s^{-1}}$ due to the high level of radiation it receives from its host star.
Ground-based observation of ZZ Ceti stars and the discovery of four new variables
Authors: Romero Alejandra D , Amaral L Antunes , Klippel T , Sanmartim D , Fraga L , Ourique G , Pelisoli I , Lauffer G R , Kepler S O , Koester D 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We perform ground-based photometric observations of 22 DA white dwarf stars, 10 already known ZZ Cetis and 12 candidates with atmospheric parameters inside the classical instability strip. We report on the discovery of four new variable DA white dwarf stars. Two objects are near the middle of the instability strip, SDSS J082804.63+094956.6 and SDSS J094929.09+101918.8, and two red edge pulsators, GD 195 and L495−82. In addition, we classified four objects as possible variables, since evidence of variability was detected in the light curve, but the signal-to-noise ratio was not sufficient to establish a definite detection. Follow-up observations were performed for 10 known ZZ Ceti stars to verify period stability and search for new periodicities. For each confirmed variable, we perform a detailed asteroseismological fit and compare the structural parameters obtained from the best-fitting models with those obtained from spectroscopy and photometry from Gaia. Finally we present a study of the asteroseismological properties of a sample of 91 ZZ Ceti stars.
Oxygen yields as a constraint on feedback processes in galaxies
Authors: Lara-López Maritza A , De Rossi Maria Emilia , Pilyugin Leonid S , Gallazzi Anna , Hughes Thomas M , Zinchenko Igor A 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
We study the interplay between several properties determined from optical and a combination of optical/radio measurements, such as the effective oxygen yield (yeff), the star formation efficiency, gas metallicity, depletion time, gas fraction, and baryonic mass (Mbar), among others. We use spectroscopic data from the SDSS survey, and H i information from the ALFALFA survey to build a statistically significant sample of more than 5000 galaxies. Furthermore, we complement our analysis with data from the GASS and COLD GASS surveys, and with a sample of star-forming galaxies from the Virgo cluster. Additionally, we have compared our results with predictions from the EAGLE simulations, finding a very good agreement when using the high-resolution run. We explore in detail the Mbar–yeff relation, finding a bimodal trend that can be separated when the stellar age of galaxies is considered. On one hand, yeff increases with Mbar for young galaxies [log(tr) < 9.2 yr], while yeff shows an anticorrelation with Mbar for older galaxies [log(tr) > 9.4 yr]. While a correlation between Mbar and yeff has been observed and studied before, mainly for samples of dwarfs and irregular galaxies, their anticorrelated counterpart for massive galaxies has not been previously reported. The EAGLE simulations indicate that AGN feedback must have played an important role in their history by quenching their star formation rate, whereas low-mass galaxies would have been affected by a combination of outflows and infall of gas.
A fast radio burst in the direction of the Virgo Cluster
Authors: Agarwal Devansh , Lorimer Duncan R , Fialkov Anastasia , Bannister Keith W , Shannon Ryan M , Farah Wael , Bhandari Shivani , Macquart Jean-Pierre , Flynn Chris , Pignata Giuliano , Tejos Nicolas , Gregg Benjamin , Osłowski Stefan , Rajwade Kaustubh , Mickaliger Mitchell B , Stappers Benjamin W , Li Di , Zhu Weiwei , Qian Lei , Yue Youling , Wang Pei , Loeb Abraham 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The rate of fast radio bursts (FRBs) in the direction of nearby galaxy clusters is expected to be higher than the mean cosmological rate if intrinsically faint FRBs are numerous. In this paper, we describe a targeted search for faint FRBs near the core of the Virgo Cluster using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder telescope. During 300 h of observations, we discovered one burst, FRB 180417, with dispersion measure (DM) = 474.8 cm−3 pc. The FRB was promptly followed up by several radio telescopes for 27 h, but no repeat bursts were detected. An optical follow-up of FRB 180417 using the PROMPT5 telescope revealed no new sources down to an R-band magnitude of 20.1. We argue that FRB 180417 is likely behind the Virgo Cluster as the Galactic and intracluster DM contribution are small compared to the DM of the FRB, and there are no galaxies in the line of sight. The non-detection of FRBs from Virgo constrains the faint-end slope, α &lt; 1.52 (at 68 per cent confidence limit), and the minimum luminosity, Lmin ≳ 2 × 1040 erg s−1 (at 68 per cent confidence limit), of the FRB luminosity function assuming cosmic FRB rate of 104 FRBs per sky per day with flux above 1 Jy located out to redshift of 1. Further FRB surveys of galaxy clusters with high-sensitivity instruments will tighten the constraints on the faint end of the luminosity function and, thus, are strongly encouraged.
Cell-free expression of RNA encoded genes using MS2 replicase
Authors: Weise Laura I , Heymann Michael , Mayr Viktoria , Mutschler Hannes 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRNA replicases catalyse transcription and replication of viral RNA genomes. Of particular interest for in vitro studies are phage replicases due to their small number of host factors required for activity and their ability to initiate replication in the absence of any primers. However, the requirements for template recognition by most phage replicases are still only poorly understood. Here, we show that the active replicase of the archetypical RNA phage MS2 can be produced in a recombinant cell-free expression system. We find that the 3′ terminal fusion of antisense RNAs with a domain derived from the reverse complement of the wild type MS2 genome generates efficient templates for transcription by the MS2 replicase. The new system enables DNA-independent gene expression both in batch reactions and in microcompartments. Finally, we demonstrate that MS2-based RNA-dependent transcription-translation reactions can be used to control DNA-dependent gene expression by encoding a viral DNA-dependent RNA polymerase on a MS2 RNA template. Our study sheds light on the template requirements of the MS2 replicase and paves the way for new in vitro applications including the design of genetic circuits combining both DNA- and RNA-encoded systems.
funtrp: identifying protein positions for variation driven functional tuning
Authors: Miller Maximilian , Vitale Daniel , Kahn Peter C , Rost Burkhard , Bromberg Yana 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Evaluating the impact of non-synonymous genetic variants is essential for uncovering disease associations and mechanisms of evolution. An in-depth understanding of sequence changes is also fundamental for synthetic protein design and stability assessments. However, the variant effect predictor performance gain observed in recent years has not kept up with the increased complexity of new methods. One likely reason for this might be that most approaches use similar sets of gene and protein features for modeling variant effects, often emphasizing sequence conservation. While high levels of conservation highlight residues essential for protein activity, much of the variation observable in vivo is arguably weaker in its impact, thus requiring evaluation at a higher level of resolution. Here, we describe functionNeutral/Toggle/Rheostatpredictor (funtrp), a novel computational method that categorizes protein positions based on the position-specific expected range of mutational impacts: Neutral (weak/no effects), Rheostat (function-tuning positions), or Toggle (on/off switches). We show that position types do not correlate strongly with familiar protein features such as conservation or protein disorder. We also find that position type distribution varies across different protein functions. Finally, we demonstrate that position types can improve performance of existing variant effect predictors and suggest a way forward for the development of new ones.
Characteristics and Long-Term Outcome of 20 Children With Intramedullary Spinal Cord Cavernous Malformations
Authors: Ren Jian , Hong Tao , Zeng Gao , He Chuan , Li Xiaoyu , Ma Yongjie , Yu Jiaxing , Ling Feng , Zhang Hongqi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
No prior reports have focused on the natural history and long-term outcomes of intramedullary spinal cord cavernous malformations (ISCCMs) in children.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of pediatric ISCCMs and identify the risk of hemorrhage.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed a series of 20 pediatric patients (<18 yr old) from a consecutive series of 254 patients with ISCCMs evaluated at a single institution.

RESULTS
Of the 20 pediatric patients, 9 (45.0%) presented with a severe neurological and disability status. The annual hemorrhagic rate in pediatric patients was 8.2%/patient/year. After initial overt hemorrhage events, the annual overt rehemorrhage rate increased to 30.7%/patient/year. In 234 adult patients, the respective rates were 2.8% and 7.4%. Thoracic or lumbar level lesions (P = .002, OR = 3.425, 95% CI = 1.588-7.387) and rehemorrhagic events (P = .005, OR = 3.209, 95% CI = 1.415-7.279) were more likely to follow an aggressive course. There were no significant differences in the sex distribution, location and size of lesions, types of symptoms, likelihood of a severe neurological and disability status, or immediate and long-term postoperative outcomes between pediatric and adult patients with ISCCMs

CONCLUSION
The annual overt hemorrhage rate and rehemorrhage rate of ISCCMs were higher in affected children than in affected adults. Surgical resection of pediatric ISCCMs remains the preferred therapeutic option and provides favorable outcomes.
The Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation Grading Scale (RAGS): An Extension of the Hunt and Hess Scale to Predict Clinical Outcome for Patients With Ruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations
Authors: Silva Michael A , Lai Pui Man Rosalind , Du Rose , Aziz-Sultan Mohammad A , Patel Nirav J 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) rupture is highly morbid. Outcomes after AVM rupture differ from other types of brain hemorrhage. There are no specific widely used grading systems designed to predict clinical outcome after AVM rupture.

OBJECTIVE
To develop an all-comers scoring system to grade patients with AVM rupture and predict clinical outcome more accurately than grading systems currently in use.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed patients who presented to our institution with a ruptured AVM. Using change in modified Rankin Score (mRS) as our response variable, we generated an ordinal logistic regression model to test for significant predictor variables. The full model was sequentially condensed until the simplest model with the highest area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was achieved.

RESULTS
A total of 115 patients who presented with ruptured AVMs were included in the study, with a mean follow-up time of 4 yr. The Ruptured AVM Grading Scale (RAGS) consists of the Hunt and Hess (HH) score (1-5), patient age (<35 = 0, 35-70 = 1, and >70 = 2), deep venous drainage (1), and eloquence (1). The RAGS score outperformed other neurosurgical grading scales in predicting change in mRS, with an AUROC greater than 0.80 across all follow-up periods.

CONCLUSION
The RAGS score is a simple extension of the HH scale that predicts clinical outcome after AVM rupture more accurately than other grading systems.
Jasmonates-Mediated Rewiring of Central Metabolism Regulates Adaptive Responses
Authors: Savchenko Tatyana V , Rolletschek Hardy , Dehesh Katayoon 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The lipid-derived hormones jasmonates (JAs) play key functions in a wide range of physiological and developmental processes that regulate growth, secondary metabolism and defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this connection, biosynthesis, tissue-specific distribution, metabolism, perception, signaling of JAs have been the target of extensive studies. In recent years, the involvement of JAs signaling pathway in the regulation of growth and adaptive responses to environmental challenges has been further examined. However, JAs-mediated mechanisms underlying the transition from ‘growth mode’ to ‘adaptive mode’ remain ambiguous. Combined analysis of transgenic lines deficient in JAs signaling in conjunction with the data from JAs-treated plants revealed the function of these hormones in rewiring of central metabolism. The collective data illustrate JAs-mediated decrease in the levels of metabolites associated with active growth such as sucrose, raffinose, orotate, citrate, malate, and an increase in phosphorylated hexoses, responsible for the suppression of growth and photosynthesis, concurrent with the induction of protective metabolites, such as aromatic and branched-chain amino acids, and aspartate family of metabolites. This finding provides an insight into the function of JAs in shifting the central metabolism from the production of growth-promoting metabolites to protective compounds and expands our understanding of the role of JAs in resource allocation in response to environmental challenges.
Impact of perceptions of body size on obesity and weight management behaviour: a large representative population study in an African setting
Authors: Chigbu C O , Aniebue U U , Berger U , Parhofer K G 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
Perception of body size is an important psycho-cultural cause of obesity with wide racial and ethnic variations.

Method
Cross-sectional household survey using multistage cluster-randomised sampling. Prevalence estimates were weighted. Logistic regressions were done to determine the impact of perception of large body size on obesity and the impact of perception of own body size on weight-management behaviour. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were reported.

Results
The survey involved 6628 adults from 2843 households. More than a quarter of the population is either obese or overweight. Nearly half, 44.07% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.48–45.66%) of the population perceive large body size as desirable. Positive perception of large body size significantly increases the odds of obesity by 1.5 (AOR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.09–1.9). Some 42.03% (95% CI: 35.52–48.55%) obese persons misperceive their weight to be normal. Perceiving own body size as normal decreases the odds of weight-losing behaviour (AOR: 0.019; 95% CI: 0.014–0.026).

Conclusion
There is a high level of veneration of large body size in southeast Nigeria, and this has a significant impact on obesity burden. Perception of own body size has a significant impact on weight-management behaviour. Health-promotion policies aimed at changing the social desirability of large body size and misperception of body size are recommended.
Synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis detected by grey scale ultrasound predicts the development of erosions over the next three years
Authors: Möller Burkhard , Aletaha Daniel , Andor Michael , Atkinson Andrew , Aubry-Rozier Bérengère , Brulhart Laure , Dan Diana , Finckh Axel , Grobéty Véronique , Mandl Peter , Micheroli Raphael , Nissen Michael John , Nydegger Alexander M , Scherer Almut , Tamborrini Giorgio , Ziswiler Hans-Rudolf , Zufferey Pascal ,   and the SONAR group for musculoskeletal ultrasound in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management (SCQM) Foundation
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate grey scale US (GSUS) and power Doppler US synovitis (PDUS), separately or in combination (CombUS), to predict joint damage progression in RA.

Methods
In this cohort study nested in the Swiss RA register, all patients with sequential hand radiographs at their first US assessment were included. We analysed the summations of semi-quantitative GSUS, PDUS and CombUS assessments of both wrists and 16 finger joints (maximum 54 points) at their upper limit of normal, their 50th, 75th or 87.5th percentiles for the progression of joint damage (ΔXray). We adjusted for clinical disease activity measures at baseline, the use of biological DMARDs and other confounders.

Results
After a median of 35 months, 69 of 250 patients with CombUS (28%), 73 of 259 patients with PDUS (28%) and 75 of 287 patients with available GSUS data (26%) demonstrated joint damage progression. PDUS beyond upper limit of normal (1/54), GSUS and CombUS each at their 50th (9/54 and 10/54) and their 75th percentiles (14/54 and 15/54) were significantly associated with ΔXray in crude and adjusted models. In subgroup analyses, GSUS beyond 14/54 and CombUS higher than 15/54 remained significantly associated with ΔXray in patients on biological DMARDs, while clinical disease activity measures had no significant prognostic power in this subgroup.

Conclusion
Higher levels of GSUS and CombUS are associated with the development of erosions. GSUS appears to be an essential component of synovitis assessment and an independent predictor of joint damage progression in patients on biological DMARDs.
Phosphorylation-related SNPs influence lipid levels and rheumatoid arthritis risk by altering gene expression and plasma protein levels
Authors: Mo Xingbo , Guo Yufan , Qian Qiyu , Fu Mengzhen , Zhang Huan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Phosphorylation-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms (phosSNPs) are missense SNPs that may influence protein phosphorylation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosSNPs on lipid levels and RA.

Methods
We examined the association of phosSNPs with lipid levels and RA in large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and performed random sampling and fgwas analyses to determine whether the phosSNPs associated with lipid levels and RA were significantly enriched. Furthermore, we performed QTL analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis to obtain additional evidence to be associated with the identified phosSNPs and genes.

Results
We found 483 phosSNPs for lipid levels and 243 phosSNPs for RA in the GWAS loci (P &lt; 1.0 × 10−5). SNPs associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Total cholesterol (TC) and RA were significantly enriched with phosSNPs. Almost all of the identified phosSNPs showed expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) effects. A total of 48 protein QTLs and 9 metabolite QTLs were found. The phosSNP rs3184504 (p.Trp262Arg) at SH2B3 was significantly associated with RA, SH2B3 expression level, and plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC, hypoxanthine and 80 proteins, including beta-2-microglobulin. SH2B3 was differentially expressed between RA cases and controls in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and synovial tissues. Mendelian randomization analysis showed that SH2B3 expression level was significantly associated with TC level and RA. Plasma beta-2-microglobulin level was causally associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC levels and RA.

Conclusion
The findings suggested that phosSNPs may play important roles in lipid metabolism and the pathological mechanisms of RA. PhosSNPs may influence lipid levels and RA risk by altering gene expression and plasma protein levels.
‘It can’t be zero!’ Difficulties in completing patient global assessment in rheumatoid arthritis: a mixed methods study
Authors: Ferreira Ricardo J O , de Wit Maarten , Henriques Marta , Pinto Ana F , Duarte Cátia , Mateus Elsa , Mendes Gabriel , da Silva José A P , Ndosi Mwidimi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Patient global assessment (PGA) is purported to add the patient’s perspective in the composite measures of RA. However, PGA is not standardized and it is not known whether patients’ interpretation of the measure is consistent with its intended purpose. This study aimed to explore difficulties experienced by patients with RA in completing PGA, and to assess the impact of a structured explanation in improving its validity and reliability.

Methods
This was a mixed methods study, using interviews, focus groups and PGA data. During interviews, patients (convenience sample, n = 33) completed three often-used PGA formulations. Then a nurse provided structured explanation about what PGA is and why it is used. After further discussion, patients completed one PGA version again. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. We compared PGA scores pre- and post-explanation (Wilcoxon signed-ranks) and the proportion of patients achieving RA remission with PGA ⩽1 (McNemar’s tests).

Results
Three themes emerged: understanding the meaning of PGA, the purpose of PGA and measurement difficulties. The difficulties caused systematic errors in PGA completion such as marking higher when feeling well, marking near the centre or away from zero. The structured explanation was helpful. Following the explanation, the median PGA score decreased from 3.0 to 2.1 cm, and the proportion of non-remission solely due to PGA &gt;1 from 52% to 41%; none of these changes was statistically significant.

Conclusion
Many patients have difficulties in completing PGA. Standardization of PGA and a structured explanation may improve its clarity, validity and reliability.
The effects of long non-coding ribonucleic acids on various cellular components in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fang Yilong , Tu Jiajie , Han Dafei , Guo Yawei , Hong Wenming , Wei Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRA is a chronic, autoimmune-mediated inflammatory pathology. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel group of non-coding RNAs with a length of &gt;200 nucleotides. There are reports emerging that suggest that lncRNAs participate in establishing and sustaining autoimmune diseases, including RA. In this review article, we highlight the functions of lncRNAs in different cell types in RA. Our review indicates that lncRNAs affect various cellular components and are novel candidates that could constitute promising targets for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.