bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochonic acid‐5 attenuates TNF‐α‐mediated neuronal inflammation via activating Parkin‐related mitophagy and augmenting the AMPK–Sirt3 pathways
Authors: Huang Dezhi , Liu Min , Jiang Yugang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has been found to be associated with neuronal inflammation; however, no effective drug is available to attenuate neuroinflammation via sustaining mitochondrial function. In the current study, experiments were performed to understand the beneficial effects of mitochonic acid 5 (MA‐5) on tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α)‐mediated neuronal injury and mitochondrial damage. Our data illustrated that MA‐5 pretreatment reduced inflammation response induced by TNF‐α in CATH.a cells. Molecular investigations demonstrated that MA‐5 pretreatment repressed oxidative stress, inhibited endoplasmic reticulum stress, sustained cellular energy metabolism, and blocked cell apoptosis induced by TNF‐α stress. Further, we found that MA‐5 treatment elevated the expression of Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) and this effect was dependent on the activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. Blockade of AMPK abolished the promotive action of MA‐5 on Sirt3 and thus mediated mitochondrial damage and cell death. Besides, we also found that MA‐5 treatment augmented Parkin‐related mitophagy and increased mitophagy promoted CATH.a cells survival via improving mitochondrial function. Knockdown of Parkin abolished the beneficial action of MA‐5 on mitochondrial homeostasis and CATH.a cell survival. Altogether, our results confirm that MA‐5 is an effective drug to attenuate neuroinflammation via sustaining mitochondrial damage and promoting CATH.a cell survival. The protective action of MA‐5 on neuronal damage is associated with Parkin‐related mitophagy and the activation of AMPK–Sirt3 pathways.
In situ needle deflection technique using a steerable introducer for site‐selective radiofrequency transseptal puncture
Authors: Itoh Taihei , Kimura Masaomi , Ishida Yuji , Tomita Hirofumi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTransseptal puncture (TP) is a prerequisite for gaining access to the left atrium. Selection of a puncture site in the fossa ovalis can impact on catheter ablation of left atrial arrhythmias. However, TP sometimes requires a needle shape modification in vitro, which can make it difficult to accomplish site‐selective TP. This report illustrated a novel needle deflection technique in vivo using a steerable introducer. This in situ needle deflection technique is useful in excluding the needle shape modification in vitro and achieving fine adjustment of the needle curve in vivo, thus contributing to site‐selective radiofrequency TP and reducing procedure time.
Oropharyngeal Administration of Mother's Milk Prior to Gavage Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Abd‐Elgawad Mahmoud , Eldegla Heba , Khashaba Mohammed , Nasef Nehad 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundOropharyngeal administration of mother's colostrum in early days has an immunoprotective effect in preterm infants.ObjectivesOur aim was to study the effect of oropharyngeal administration of mother's milk (OPAMM) on decreasing the incidence of nosocomial sepsis.MethodsIn a pilot prospective randomized study on preterm (<32 weeks gestation and 1500 g weight) infants, we compared OPAMM practice (applying 0.2 mL of mother's colostrum or milk prior to gavage feeding until full oral feeding is reached) with regular gavage feeding. The primary outcome was incidence of culture‐proven nosocomial sepsis. Secondary outcomes included bacterial colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, feeding intolerance, time to reach full feeding, incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, ventilator‐associated pneumonia, duration of respiratory support, incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), length of hospital stay, and neonatal mortality.ResultsThe outcomes of 200 neonates (100 in each group) were analyzed. OPAMM practice did not significantly reduce the incidence of culture proven nosocomial sepsis (8% vs 13%, P = 0.35). Infants in the OPAMM group had a significantly lower growth of Klebsiella species in the oropharyngeal pouch, borderline lower incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia, shorter duration of oxygen therapy, less episodes of feeding intolerance, reached full feeding earlier, and had a shorter length of hospital stay. OPAMM practice did not affect the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, BPD, or neonatal mortality.ConclusionOPAMM prior to gavage feeding does not reduce the incidence of nosocomial sepsis but had beneficial effects on early achievement of feeding, and early hospital discharge in preterm very low‐birth‐weight infants.
Fermentation of pseudocereals quinoa, canihua, and amaranth to improve mineral accessibility through degradation of phytate
Authors: Castro‐Alba Vanesa , Lazarte Claudia E , Perez‐Rea Daysi , Carlsson Nils‐Gunnar , Almgren Annette , Bergenståhl Björn , Granfeldt Yvonne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDPseudocereals are nutrient‐rich grains with high mineral content but also phytate content. Phytate is a mineral absorption inhibitor. The study's aim was to evaluate phytate degradation during spontaneous fermentation and during Lactobacillus plantarum 299v® fermentation of quinoa, canihua, and amaranth grains and flours. It also aimed to evaluate the accessibility of iron, zinc, and calcium and to estimate their bioavailability before and after the fermentation of flours with starter culture. Lactic acid, pH, phytate, and mineral content were analyzed during fermentation.RESULTSHigher phytate degradation was found during the fermentation of flours (64–93%) than during that of grains (12–51%). Results suggest that phytate degradation was mainly due to endogenous phytase activity in different pseudocereals rather than the phytase produced by added microorganisms. The addition of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v® resulted in a higher level of lactic acid (76.8–82.4 g kg−1 DM) during fermentation, and a relatively quicker reduction in pH to 4 than in spontaneous fermentation. Mineral accessibility was increased (1.7–4.6‐fold) and phytate : mineral molar ratios were reduced (1.5–4.2‐fold) in agreement with phytate degradation (1.8–4.2‐fold) in fermented flours. The reduced molar ratios were still above the threshold value for the improved estimated mineral bioavailability of mainly iron.CONCLUSIONFermentation proved to be effective for degrading phytate in pseudocereal flours, but less so in grains. Fermentation with Lactobacillus plantarum 299v® improved mineral accessibility and estimated bioavailability in flours. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Facial nerve venous malformation: A radiologic and histopathologic review of 11 cases
Authors: Guerin Julie B. , Takahashi Edwin A. , Lane John I. , Hoxworth Joseph M. , Weindling Steven M. , Blessing Melissa M. , Jentoft Mark E. , Carlson Matthew L. , Neff Brian A. , Wood Christopher P. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe purpose of this article was to provide a combined pathologic and radiologic review of previous pathologically diagnosed facial nerve “hemangiomas” to confirm that these lesions are most characteristic of venous malformations rather than neoplasms.Study DesignRetrospective radiologic, clinical, and histopathologic review of all patients with a previous pathologically diagnosed facial nerve hemangioma of the temporal bone who underwent computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were included. A consensus radiologic review for characteristic features and pathologic analysis was performed.Materials and MethodsA panel of 4 neuroradiologists retrospectively analyzed CT and MRI exams for 11 facial nerve hemangiomas and provided a consensus agreement on the characteristic imaging features. Concurrently, two neuropathologists reevaluated archived tissue specimens from these lesions and applied additional immunohistochemical and histochemical stains including D240, CD31, smooth muscle actin (SMA), Verhoeff Van Gieson (VVG) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1).ResultsLesions were composed of dilated vascular spaces with a simple, CD31‐positive endothelial lining and a smooth muscle component. All lesions were negative for markers found in arterial and lymphatic malformations and infantile hemangiomas. They had characteristic radiologic features previously ascribed to facial nerve hemangiomas. Namely, these lesions are typically T1 isointense or hypointense and T2 hyperintense relative to cerebral cortex and heterogeneously enhance on MRI. Bony canal expansion and erosion, intralesional calcification, and intracranial extension are common.ConclusionsOn the basis of this radiologic and pathologic review, these lesions are best characterized as venous malformations.Level of Evidence4
Intraoperative Versus Extended Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Liver Transplant Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Authors: Berry Puja S. , Rosenberger Laura H. , Guidry Christopher A. , Agarwal Avinash , Pelletier Shawn , Sawyer Robert G. 
Published: May 2019

The appropriate duration of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in the presence of significant iatrogenic immunosuppression is unclear. We hypothesized that 72 hours of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis would decrease rates of surgical site infection (SSI) in OLT patients when compared with intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis alone. OLT recipients were randomized to receive either intraoperative antibiotics only (short antibiotics [SAs]) or 72 hours of perioperative antibiotics (extended antibiotics [EAs]). A total of 102 patients were randomized: 51 to the EA group and 51 to the SA group. Rates of SSI and nosocomial infection (NI) in the SA group were 19% and 17%, respectively, compared with 27% (SSI; P = 0.36) and 22% (NI; P = 0.47) in the EA group, although these differences were not statistically significant. Intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, 30‐day mortality, and time to infection were also similar between the 2 groups. Patients developing infections had longer ICU LOS and hospital LOS and a higher association with reoperation, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and 30‐day readmission. In conclusion, extending perioperative antibiotics to 72 hours from intraoperative dosing alone in OLT patients does not appear to decrease the incidence of SSI or NI. The results from this pilot trial with 60% power suggest that it is acceptable for OLT recipients to receive intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis alone.
Regulatory mechanisms mediated by peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐β/δ in skin cancer
Authors: Peters Jeffrey M. , Kim Dae J. , Bility Moses T. , Borland Michael G. , Zhu Bokai , Gonzalez Frank J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractConsiderable progress has been made during the past 20 years towards elucidating the role of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐β/δ (PPARβ/δ) in skin cancer. In 1999, the original notion that PPARβ/δ was involved with epithelial cell function was postulated based on a correlation between PPARβ/δ expression and the induction of messenger RNAs encoding proteins that mediate terminal differentiation in keratinocytes. Subsequent studies definitively revealed that PPARβ/δ could induce terminal differentiation and inhibit proliferation of keratinocytes. Molecular mechanisms have since been discovered to explain how this nuclear receptor can be targeted for preventing and treating skin cancer. This includes the regulation of terminal differentiation, mitotic signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cellular senescence. Interestingly, the effects of activating PPARβ/δ can preferentially target keratinocytes with genetic mutations associated with skin cancer. This review provides the history and current understanding of how PPARβ/δ can be targeted for both nonmelanoma skin cancer and melanoma and postulates how future approaches that modulate PPARβ/δ signaling may be developed for the prevention and treatment of these diseases.
In‐situ Grown SnO2 Nanospheres on Reduced GO Nanosheets as Advanced Anodes for Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Zhen , Chen Lei , Feng Jingjie , Liu Shenghong , Wang Yang , Fan Qinghua , Zhao Yanming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNanostructured tin dioxide (SnO2) has emerged as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity (1494 mA h g−1) and excellent stability. Unfortunately, the rapid capacity fading and poor electrical conductivity of bulk SnO2 material restrict its practical application. Here, SnO2 nanospheres/reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (SRG) are fabricated through in‐situ growth of carbon‐coated SnO2 using template‐based approach. The nanosheet structure with the external layer of about several nanometers thickness can not only accommodate the volume change of Sn lattice during cycling but also enhance the electrical conductivity effectively. Benefited from such design, the SRG composites could deliver an initial discharge capacity of 1212.3 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, outstanding cycling performance of 1335.6 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1, and superior rate capability of 502.1 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 10 cycles. Finally, it is believed that this method could provide a versatile and effective process to prepare other metal‐oxide/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) 2D nanocomposites.
Surface molecular imprinting of nylon fibers for chiral recognition of d‐phenyllactic acid
Authors: Bukhari Abeer Abdulaziz H , Monier Mohammed , Elsayed Nadia H 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the current work, synthetic polyamide nylon fibers were modified via the strategy of surface molecular imprinting to develop enantio‐selective adsorbent fabrics for chiral recognition of d‐phenyllactic acid (d‐PhLA). The nylon fibers were first modified by grafting of polyacrylamide and then the incorporated amide groups were converted into functional amino groups via treatment with NaOCl (Hofmann degradation). The amino‐functionalized nylon fibers (Ny‐NH2) were interacted with the targeted d‐PhLA enantiomer before crosslinking the amino‐containing grafted chains with glutaraldehyde crosslinker followed by leashing the template d‐PhLA out of the formed surface polymeric matrix by lowering the pH to 1 to finally produce the desired enantio‐selective adsorbent fibers DP‐Ny. Different instrumental methods such as elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XRD and TGA were employed to examine all the synthetic procedures. SEM was also utilized to observe the morphological appearances of both native and modified nylon fibers. Moreover, the optimum extraction of d‐PhLA was found to occur at pH 7. Isotherm studies of the prepared DP‐Ny fibers obeyed the common Langmuir linear equation with qm values 130 ± 2 and 75 ± 1 mg g−1 in the case of d‐PhLA and l‐PhLA, respectively. Furthermore, the enantiomeric resolution of (±)‐PhLA racemate was successfully carried out by a column technique with enantiomeric excess reaching approximately 78%. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
High‐throughput quantification of drugs of abuse in biofluids via 96‐solid‐phase microextraction–transmission mode and direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry
Authors: Vasiljevic Tijana , Gómez‐Ríos Germán Augusto , Li Frederick , Liang Paul , Pawliszyn Janusz 
Published: May 2019

RationaleThe workload of clinical laboratories has been steadily increasing over the last few years. High‐throughput (HT) sample processing allows scientists to spend more time undertaking matters of critical thinking rather than laborious sample processing. Herein we introduce a HT 96‐solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) transmission mode (TM) system coupled to direct analysis in real time (DART) mass spectrometry (MS).MethodsModel compounds (opioids) were extracted from urine and plasma samples using a 96‐SPME‐TM device. A standard voltage and pressure (SVP) DART source was used for all experiments. Examination of SPME‐TM performance was done using high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in full scan mode (100–500 m/z), whereas quantitation of opioids was performed using triple quadrupole MS in multiple reaction monitoring mode and by using a matrix‐matched internal standard correction method.ResultsThirteen points (0.5 to 200 ng mL−1) were used to establish a calibration curve. Low limits of quantitation (LOQ) were obtained (0.5 to 25 ng mL−1) for matrices used. Acceptable accuracy (71.4–129.4%) and repeatability (1.1–24%) were obtained for validation levels tested (0.5, 30 and 90 ng mL−1). In less than 1.5 hours, 96 samples were extracted, desorbed and processed using the 96‐SPME‐TM system coupled to DART‐MS.ConclusionsA rapid HT method for detection of opioids in urine and plasma samples was developed. This study demonstrated that ambient ionization mass spectrometry coupled to robust sample preparation methods such as SPME‐TM can rapidly and efficiently screen/quantify target analytes in a HT context.
Determination of the triple oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of CO2 from atomic ion fragments formed in the ion source of the 253 Ultra high‐resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer
Authors: Adnew Getachew A. , Hofmann Magdalena E.G. , Paul Dipayan , Laskar Amzad , Surma Jakub , Albrecht Nina , Pack Andreas , Schwieters Johannes , Koren Gerbrand , Peters Wouter , Röckmann Thomas 
Published: May 2019

RationaleDetermination of δ17O values directly from CO2 with traditional gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry is not possible due to isobaric interference of 13C16O16O on 12C17O16O. The methods developed so far use either chemical conversion or isotope equilibration to determine the δ17O value of CO2. In addition, δ13C measurements require correction for the interference from 12C17O16O on 13C16O16O since it is not possible to resolve the two isotopologues.MethodsWe present a technique to determine the δ17O, δ18O and δ13C values of CO2 from the fragment ions that are formed upon electron ionization in the ion source of the Thermo Scientific 253 Ultra high‐resolution isotope ratio mass spectrometer (hereafter 253 Ultra). The new technique is compared with the CO2‐O2 exchange method and the 17O‐correction algorithm for δ17O and δ13C values, respectively.ResultsThe scale contractions for δ13C and δ18O values are slightly larger for fragment ion measurements than for molecular ion measurements. The δ17O and Δ17O values of CO2 can be measured on the 17O+ fragment with an internal error that is a factor 1–2 above the counting statistics limit. The ultimate precision depends on the signal intensity and on the total time that the 17O+ beam is monitored; a precision of 14 ppm (parts per million) (standard error of the mean) was achieved in 20 hours at the University of Göttingen. The Δ17O measurements with the O‐fragment method agree with the CO2‐O2 exchange method over a range of Δ17O values of −0.3 to +0.7‰.ConclusionsIsotope measurements on atom fragment ions of CO2 can be used as an alternative method to determine the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of CO2 without chemical processing or corrections for mass interferences.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B Dye Using Biogenic Hybrid ZnO‐MgO Nanocomposites under Visible Light
Authors: Vijai Anand Kabali , Aravind Kumar Jagadeesan , Keerthana Kamalakannan , Deb Paribrita , Tamilselvan Selvaraj , Theerthagiri Jayaraman , Rajeswari Velayutham , Sekaran Sekaran Muthamil Selvan , Govindaraju Kasivelu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present investigation, single step, economic and environmentally friendly preparation of ZnO‐MgO nanocomposites (ZnO, Zn25Mg75O, Zn50Mg50O, Zn75Mg25O and MgO) as photocatalyst using marine brown alga (Turbinaria ornata) as a stabilizing agent is carried out. The green route synthesized nanocomposites were analysed using various spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. The efficiency of the prepared nanocomposites materials were assessed by photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) as model dye under visible light illumination. The nanocomposites displayed an improved visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of RhB. Among which, Zn50Mg50O nanocomposite sample exhibited better photocatalytic degradation performance than others samples (ZnO, MgO, Zn25Mg75O and Zn75Mg25O) which might be due to the positive synergistic effect and also by a reduced recombination of charge carriers. Further, the transient photocurrent and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis revealed that the Zn50Mg50O nanocomposite has quicker migration of light induced charge‐carriers.
A Novel Amphiphilic AIE Molecule and Its Application in Thermosensitive Liposome
Authors: Zhao Yun‐Hui , Luo Yueyang , Guo Tao , Tang Zilong , Zhou Zhihua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA novel amphiphilic aggregation induced emission (AIE) molecule was prepared from tetraphenyl ethylene unit modified with long chain and carboxylic acid. It acted as an effective ingredient to form liposomes through self‐assembly with phospholipids. The smart nanomaterial exhibited good aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristic and excellent response to temperature below 50 °C. Moreover, in vitro imaging shows that it has the potential to be used in biomedical field as drug delivery system.
The Feasibility and Advantages of Subxiphoid Uniportal Video‐Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery in Pulmonary Lobectomy
Authors: Yang Xueying , Wang Linlin , Zhang Chenxi , Zhao Danyang , Lu Yao , Wang Zelong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundUniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy has emerged as a promising and exciting approach for minimally invasive thoracic surgeries. However, nearly all reported uniportal VATS lobectomies are performed via an intercostal route, and chest wall trauma remains an issue. Here, we report the use of a novel uniportal VATS technique involving a subxiphoid route for pulmonary lobectomies.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed perioperative data for patients who underwent subxiphoid uniportal and traditional three‐port VATS lobectomies from January 2016 to January 2017 at our hospital.ResultsDuring the study period, 37 patients successively underwent subxiphoid uniportal VATS lobectomies, including three synchronous bilateral pulmonectomies; 68 patients underwent traditional three‐port VATS. There were no surgical or 30‐day postoperative mortalities, and no significant between‐group differences were found in the number of retrieved lymph nodes, number of explored nodal stations, blood loss, drainage time, postoperative complications, or length of hospital stay. Operative time was longer in the subxiphoid uniportal VATS group than in the traditional three‐port VATS group (P < 0.001). Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores after surgery were significantly lower in the subxiphoid uniportal VATS group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSubxiphoid uniportal VATS lobectomy is a safe and feasible surgical procedure associated with reduced surgical trauma and postoperative pain as well as improved cosmetic results compared with traditional VATS. Moreover, this procedure is better suited for patients receiving synchronous bilateral pulmonectomy. Further long‐term follow‐up analyses involving more patients are ongoing.Trial registry numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT03051438.