bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multifocal motor neuropathy in France: are daily practices in accordance with guidelines?
Authors: Rosier C. , Graveline N. , Lacour A. , Antoine J.‐C. , Camdessanché J.‐P. 
Published: October 2018

Background and purposeChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) are rare autoimmune diseases. Guidelines were published in 2010 for their diagnosis and treatment. In France, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are mainly used for the first‐line treatment. The burden of healthcare costs is often underlined but rarely studied. The aim of this survey was to compare to guidelines, the daily practice of French neurologists with IVIGs for CIDP and MMN treatment.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study consisting of an online questionnaire performed between March and May 2014. A total of 49 questionnaires were included, a quarter of which were from neurologists working in neuromuscular reference centers (NRCs).ResultsA total of 182 patient case reports were studied. Patients were referred to an NRC for initial diagnosis in approximately 30% of cases in CIDP and 50% of cases in MMN. The initial management of IVIG (frequency, dose and duration) was not different between NRCs and non‐NRCs. Guidelines were followed and neurologists were relatively at ease in diagnosing and treating patients.ConclusionsThis was the first national study to describe the implementation of the European Federation of Neurological Sciences/Peripheral Nerve Society guidelines in the daily management of IVIGs in patients with MMN and CIDP in France. Efforts are needed to improve long‐term tailored treatment and home treatment to reduce economic costs.
Abnormal temporal lobe morphology in asymptomatic relatives of patients with hippocampal sclerosis: A replication study
Authors: Yaakub Siti Nurbaya , Barker Gareth J. , Carr Sarah J. , Abela Eugenio , Koutroumanidis Michalis , Elwes Robert D. C. , Richardson Mark P. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWe investigated gray and white matter morphology in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE+HS) and first‐degree asymptomatic relatives of patients with mTLE+HS. Using T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we sought to replicate previously reported findings of structural surface abnormalities of the anterior temporal lobe in asymptomatic relatives of patients with mTLE+HS in an independent cohort. We performed whole‐brain MRI in 19 patients with mTLE+HS, 14 first‐degree asymptomatic relatives of mTLE+HS patients, and 32 healthy control participants. Structural alterations in patients and relatives compared to controls were assessed using automated hippocampal volumetry and cortical surface–based morphometry. We replicated previously reported cortical surface area contractions in the ipsilateral anterior temporal lobe in both patients and relatives compared to healthy controls, with asymptomatic relatives showing similar but less extensive changes than patients. These findings suggest morphologic abnormality in asymptomatic relatives of mTLE+HS patients, suggesting an inherited brain structure endophenotype.
Hybridization rate and hybrid fitness for Camelina microcarpa Andrz. ex DC (♀) and Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz(Brassicaceae) (♂)
Authors: Martin Sara L. , Lujan‐Toro Beatriz E. , Sauder Connie A. , James Tracey , Ohadi Sara , Hall Linda M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHybridization between crops and their wild relatives has the potential to introduce novel variation into wild populations. Camelina (Camelina sativa) is a promising oilseed and cultivars with modified seed characteristics and herbicide resistance are in development, prompting a need to evaluate the potential for novel trait introgression into weedy relatives. Little‐podded false flax (littlepod; Camelina microcarpa) is a naturalized weed in Canada and the USA. Here we evaluated the hybridization rate between the three cytotypes of littlepod (♀) and camelina (♂), assessed characteristics of hybrids, and evaluated the fitness of hexaploid littlepod and camelina hybrids in the glasshouse and field. In total we conducted, 1,005 manual crosses with diploid littlepod, 1, 172 crosses with tetraploid littlepod, and 896 crosses with hexaploid littlepod. Hybrids were not produced by the diploids, but were produced by the tetraploids and hexaploids at rates of one hybrid for 2,000 ovules pollinated and 24 hybrids for 25 ovules pollinated, respectively. Hybrids between tetraploid littlepod and camelina showed low pollen fertility and produced a small number of seeds. In the glasshouse, hybrids between hexaploid littlepod and camelina also showed significantly lower pollen fertility and seed production than parental lines, but their seeds showed high viability. A similar pattern was observed in field trials, with hybrids showing earlier flowering, reduced biomass, seed production and seed weight. However, seed produced by the hybrids showed greater viability than that produced by hexaploid littlepod and is potentially the result of a shortened lifecycle. The introgression of lifecycle traits into littlepod populations may facilitate range expansion and contribute to crop gene persistence. Consequently, future work should evaluate the hybridization rate in the field, the fitness of advanced generation backcrosses, and the role of time to maturity in limiting hexaploid littlepod's distribution.
Enhancing Groundwater Remediation in Air Sparging by Changing the Pulse Duration
Authors: Neriah Asaf B. , Paster Amir 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn important operation parameter in the design of a pulsed air sparging (PAS) system is the pulse duration (PD). To study the effect of the PD on the remediation process, a series of laboratory experiments and numerical simulations were performed. The experimental apparatus was a cylindrical tank, packed with fine sand and partially filled by water contaminated with toluene. Toluene concentrations in water and in effluent air were measured over time during the application of PAS, which was applied with three different PD. Next, the T2VOC model, an extension of the TOUGH2 simulation program, was used to simulate the two‐phase flow and transport processes for these cases. The simulation model was calibrated to the experimental results, and then run with a range of PD values. Results showed that there exists an optimal PD which yields the highest remediation efficiency. Next, it was shown that this PD may be obtained by performing a PAS pilot test and measuring the groundwater pressure response in a monitoring well. The characteristic time which describes the exponential decay of the pressure response was shown to provide an adequate estimate for the optimal PD. The estimation improved by taking a number of injection cycles.
Helicobacter pylori VacA, a distinct toxin exerts diverse functionalities in numerous cells: An overview
Authors: Chauhan Nidhi , Tay Alfred Chin Yen , Marshall Barry J. , Jain Utkarsh 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori, gastric cancer‐causing bacteria, survive in their gastric environment of more than 50% of the world population. The presence of H. pylori in the gastric vicinity promotes the development of various diseases including peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. H. pylori produce and secret Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA), a major toxin facilitating the bacteria against the host defense system. The toxin causes multiple effects in epithelial cells and immune cells, especially T cells, B cells, and Macrophages.MethodsThis review describes the diverse functionalities of protein toxin VacA. The specific objective of this review is to address the overall structure, mechanism, and functions of VacA in various cell types. The recent advancements are summarized and discussed and thus conclusion is drawn based on the overall reported evidences.ResultsThe searched articles on H. pylori VacA were evaluated and limited up to 66 articles for this review. The articles were divided into four major categories including articles on vacA gene, VacA toxin, distinct effects of VacA toxin, and their effects on various cells. Based on these studies, the review article was prepared.ConclusionsThis review describes an overview of how VacA is secreted by H. pylori and contributes to colonization and virulence in multiple ways by affecting epithelial cells, T cells, Dendritic cells, B cells, and Macrophages. The reported evidence suggests that the comprehensive outlook need to be developed for understanding distinctive functionalities of VacA.
Data set for the reporting of carcinoma of renal tubular origin: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR)
Authors: Delahunt Brett , Srigley John R , Judge Meagan J , Amin Mahul B , Billis Athanase , Camparo Philippe , Evans Andrew J , Fleming Stewart , Griffiths David F , Lopez‐Beltran Antonio , Martignoni Guido , Moch Holger , Nacey John N , Zhou Ming 
Published: October 2018

AimsThe International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR) has provided detailed data sets based upon the published reporting protocols of the Royal College of Pathologists, the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia and the College of American Pathologists.Methods and resultsThe data set for carcinomas of renal tubular origin treated by nephrectomy was developed to provide a minimum structured reporting template suitable for international use, and incorporated recommendations from the 2012 Vancouver Consensus Conference of the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) and the fourth edition of the World Health Organisation Bluebook on tumours of the urinary and male genital systems published in 2016. Reporting elements were divided into those, which are required and recommended components of the report. Required elements are: specimen laterality, operative procedure, attached structures, tumour focality, tumour dimension, tumour type, WHO/ISUP grade, sarcomatoid/rhabdoid morphology, tumour necrosis, extent of invasion, lymph node status, surgical margin status, AJCC TNM staging and co‐existing pathology. Recommended reporting elements are: pre‐operative treatment, details of tissue removed for experimental purposes prior to submission, site of tumour(s) block identification key, extent of sarcomatoid and/or rhabdoid component, extent of necrosis, presence of tumour in renal vein wall, lymphovascular invasion and lymph node status (size of largest focus and extranodal extension).ConclusionsIt is anticipated that the implementation of this data set in routine clinical practice will inform patient treatment as well as provide standardised information relating to outcome prediction. The harmonisation of data reporting should also facilitate international research collaborations.
Tumor growth velocity: A modified tumor growth rate defining tumor progression during sorafenib treatment in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Hong‐Kai , Xu Wen‐Hao , Ma Chun‐Guang , Zhou Liang‐Ping , Shi Guo‐Hai , Zhang Hai‐Liang , Ye Ding‐Wei 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the role of tumor growth velocity in defining tumor progression in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with the vascular endothelial growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib.MethodsA modified calculation for tumor growth velocity was introduced to evaluate the tumor growth velocity, before and after sorafenib withdrawal. Known prognostic factors together with tumor growth velocity before drug withdrawal and tumor growth velocity after drug withdrawal were compared using a χ2‐test from a contingency table, and partial likelihood test from a Cox regression model for overall survival.ResultsA total of 114 patients who reached progressive disease and withdrew from sorafenib were enrolled after a median follow‐up period of 107.8 months. Tumor growth velocity before drug withdrawal was 7.347 ± 4.040, and tumor growth velocity after drug withdrawal was 11.647 ± 5.937 (P < 0.001). Higher tumor growth velocity before drug withdrawal was correlated with a higher risk Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center score (P = 0.022), Karnofsky Performance Status <80 (P = 0.028), non‐clear cell carcinoma (P = 0.037), higher tumor nucleus grade (P < 0.001) and best treatment response (P < 0.001). Patients with tumor growth velocity before drug withdrawal >5.0 had shorter overall survival (P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, factors associated with overall survival were high/intermediate Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center risk score (hazard ratio 2.119, P = 0.006), non‐clear histological subtype (hazard ratio 1.900, P = 0.031), tumor growth velocity before drug withdrawal ≥5.0 (hazard ratio 2.758, P < 0.001) and progressive disease as best response (hazard ratio 2.069, P = 0.001).ConclusionsSignificantly faster tumor growth can be observed if sorafenib is discontinued in the case of disease progression. Thus, we suggest not to withdraw targeted agents until tumor growth velocity is >5.0.
Medical complications of homelessness: a neglected side of men’s health
Authors: Brown Mark A. , Gellatley Wendy , Hoffman Anna , Dowdell Lisa , Camac Anne , Francois Rachel , Boston Belinda , Zekry Amany 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundHomelessness is an increasing societal and health issue associated with high rates of substance abuse and mental health disorders. Homeless people die more often and at a younger age than others.AimTo identify health needs and improve healthcare for homeless men.MethodsA physician‐led clinic was established on‐site at the Mission Australia Centre in Sydney, incorporating: (i) liver screening, including portable fibroscan testing, and on‐site treatment of hepatitis C; (ii) a mental health clinic, staffed by a psychiatrist; and (iii) a nurse‐led clinic to follow up medical issues and deliver vaccinations. Patient data were recorded prospectively to determine what medical problems were encountered so as to drive future healthcare planning.ResultsA total of 257 men was assessed between November 2011 and December 2017. In that time, 561 men resided at the Centre. Of these 257 men who attended the clinic, 61% were <45 years old; 69% were current and 8% former smokers; 62% had a history of chronic alcoholic abuse and 66% other substance abuse; 64% had one or more of depression, anxiety, psychosis or another mental health disorder and 44% had metabolic syndrome features, 38% cardiovascular disease, 29% hepatitis C and 21% a respiratory disorder.ConclusionThe main health needs of homeless men fall into the categories of mental health; cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic disorders and addictions and hepatitis C. Establishing on‐site clinics at homeless shelters with expertise to address these issues will likely improve the well‐being of these men, reduce hospital admissions and prolong their lives.
Behaviour change techniques to optimise participation in physical activity or exercise in adolescents and young adults with chronic cardiorespiratory conditions: a systematic review
Authors: Sawyer Abbey , Lewthwaite Hayley , Gucciardi Daniel F. , Hill Kylie , Jenkins Sue , Cavalheri Vinicius 
Published: October 2018

AbstractParticipation in regular physical activity decreases the risk of developing cardiometabolic disease. However, the proportion of people who participate in the recommended amount of physical activity is low, with common barriers including competing interests and inclement weather. In people with chronic cardiorespiratory conditions, participation in physical activity is reduced further by disease‐specific barriers, time burden of treatment and unpleasant symptoms during physical activity. Addressing these barriers during adolescence and early adulthood may promote greater physical activity participation into older age. The aim of this review was to classify interventions aimed at optimising participation in physical activity as ‘promising’ or ‘not promising’ in people aged 15–45 years with chronic cardiorespiratory conditions and categorise the behaviour change techniques (BCT) within these interventions. Nine databases and registries were searched (October 2017) for studies that reported objective measures of physical activity before and after an intervention period. Interventions were classified as ‘promising’ if a between‐group difference in physical activity was demonstrated. Michie et al.’s (2013) v1 Taxonomy was used to unpack the BCT within interventions. Across the six included studies (n = 396 participants), 19 (20%) of 93 BCT were described. The interventions of three studies were classified as ‘promising’. The most commonly used BCT comprised goal setting, action planning and social support. Five BCT were solely used in ‘promising’ interventions. Our review demonstrated that only 20% of BCT have been utilised, and those BCT that were used only in ‘promising’ physical activity interventions in adolescents and adults with chronic cardiorespiratory conditions were isolated.
Tunable trap depth for persistent luminescence by cationic substitution in Pr3+:K1−xNaxNbO3 perovskites
Authors: Li Liyi , Castaing Victor , Rytz Daniel , Sontakke Atul D. , Katayama Yumiko , Tanabe Setsuhisa , Peng Mingying , Viana Bruno 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe development of efficient red‐emitting persistent phosphor is still an ongoing challenge. In the search of persistent materials in red range, Pr3+ is a good candidate owing to its transitions between 1D2 and 3H4 state at about 612 nm. In this paper, we investigated the red persistent properties of Pr3+‐doped perovskite oxide ABO3, (A: K, Na and B: Nb), which can be elaborated as large single crystal. KNbO3:Pr3+ appears to have weak photoluminescence and no persistent luminescence. However, the cationic substituted compounds K1−xNaxNbO3:Pr3+ (x = 0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7 0.9, 1) exhibit intense persistent luminescence, which increases steadily with increase in Na content. We correlated persistence behavior with the position of Metal‐to‐Metal Charge Transfer (MMCT) band, which plays crucial role in tuning of the trap depth. The MMCT band position decreases with the addition of Na contents and the thermoluminescence peak shifts toward higher temperature indicating the formation of deeper traps. This is in good agreement with the enhancement of the persistent luminescence suggesting that a proper tailoring of MMCT is needed to design efficient Pr3+‐persistent phosphors with better performance. A detailed analysis on the trap depth, bandgap energy, and persistent luminescence properties is reported tuning the composition in the K1−xNaxNbO3:Pr powder.
Long non‐coding RNA MALAT1 mediates hypoxia‐induced pro‐survival autophagy of endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis
Authors: Liu Hengwei , Zhang Zhibing , Xiong Wenqian , Zhang Ling , Du Yu , Liu Yi , Xiong Xingao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEndometriosis is a common gynecological disease characterized by diminished apoptosis, sustained ectopic survival of dysfunctional endometrial cells. Hypoxia has been implicated as a crucial microenvironmental factor that contributes to endometriosis. It has been reported that long non‐coding RNA MALAT1 (lncRNA‐MALAT1) highly expressed in endometriosis and up‐regulated by hypoxia. Hypoxia may also induce autophagy, which might act as cell protective mechanism. However, the relationship between lncRNA‐MALAT1 and autophagy under hypoxia conditions in endometriosis remains unknown. In the present study, we found that both lncRNA‐MALAT1 and autophagy level were up‐regulated in ectopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis, and its expression level correlates positively with that of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). In cultured human endometrial stromal cells, both lncRNA‐MALAT1 and autophagy were induced by hypoxia in a time‐dependent manner and lncRNA‐MALAT1 up‐regulation was dependent on HIF‐1α signalling. Our analyses also show that knockdown of lncRNA‐MALAT1 suppressed hypoxia induced autophagy. Furthermore, inhibiting autophagy with specific inhibitor 3‐Methyladenine (3‐MA) and Beclin1 siRNA enhanced apoptosis of human endometrial stromal cells under hypoxia condition. Collectively, our findings identify that lncRNA‐MALAT1 mediates hypoxia‐induced pro‐survival autophagy of endometrial stromal cells in endometriosis.
Retrospective analysis of medical costs and resource utilization for severe hypoglycemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan
Authors: Ikeda Yuika , Kubo Takekazu , Oda Eisei , Abe Machiko , Tokita Shigeru 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present study aimed to describe hospital utilization and examine actual medical costs for severe hypoglycemic events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japan.Materials and MethodsMedical resource utilization associated with severe hypoglycemia was evaluated using a receipt database of acute‐care hospitals in Japan. Patients with type 2 diabetes treated with antihyperglycemic agents were included. Severe hypoglycemic events were identified and divided into two groups: with or without hospitalization. Total and attributable medical costs per event were calculated based on the actual medical treatment after severe hypoglycemic events. Attributable costs were estimated from the receipt codes directly associated with the treatment of severe hypoglycemia.ResultsIn the hospitalized patients, the median length of hospital stay was 11 days, and the median total and attributable medical costs were ¥402,081 and ¥302,341, respectively. The majority of the hospitalized patients underwent a radiographic examination and general blood tests. Apart from the hospitalization costs, the costs associated with diagnosis accounted for 29.6% of the total medical costs. In the outpatients, 60.6% visited hospitals only once for the severe hypoglycemic event, whereas 11.4% visited hospitals daily for a week after the severe hypoglycemic event. The mean number of hospital visits of the outpatient after a severe hypoglycemic event was 2.7 ± 2.6 days. The median total and attributable medical costs were ¥265,432 and ¥4,628, respectively.ConclusionsSignificant medical resources are used for the treatment of severe hypoglycemic events of patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan.