bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individual Variation in the Sex Pheromone Components of the False Codling Moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Lepidoptera: Tortriciade)
Authors: Attygalle Athula B. , Schwarz Jürgen , Vostrowsky Otto 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Analysis of individual pheromone glands of the false codling moth Cryptophlebia leucotreta Meyr. originating from South Africa, was performed by capillary gas chromatography. During the calling period, the pheromones are concentrated in the dorsal part of the intersegmental membrane between the abdominal segments V III and IX . The average amount of pheromones and related compounds present in the gland was 412 ng/♀ . This total amount was highly variable from individual to individual (200-740 ng/♀). However, the relative amounts of (Z)- and (E)-8- dodecenyl acetates showed a narrow variance. The coefficients of variance values of these two components, 10 and 19 respectively, were significantly lower than those of other components present in the gland.
The results infer that the different isomer ratios of (Z)- and (.E)-8-dodecenyl acetates reported for C. leucotreta cannot be due to individual variations. Hence, the presence of different geographical strains can be expected.
Relative Potencies of Antagonists of the Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone with Lys8 and Arg8 and Substitutions in Positions 3 ,5 ,6 ,7 and 8
Authors: Folkers Karl , Bowers Cyril , Tang Pui-Fun L. , Kobota Minoru , Shao-bo Xiao , Bender Wolfgang , Yin-Zeng Liu 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Antagonists of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) of increased potency is a goal for control of ovulation. In the design and synthesis of 26 decapeptides, emphasis was given to analogs with Lys8 and Arg8 and with various substitutions in positions 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8. Two antagonists, [N-Ac-ᴅ-2-Nal1,ᴅ-pClPhe2,ᴅ-3-Pal3,Ser4,Tyr5,ᴅ-Arg6,Leu7,Lys8,Pro9,ᴅ-Ala10] - NH2 and [N-Ac-ᴅ-2-Nal1.ᴅ-pClPhe2,ᴅ-3-Pal3,Ser4,Arg5,ᴅ-3-Pal6,Leu7,Arg8,Pro9,ᴅ-Ala10]-NH2 showed 80-85% antiovulatory activity (AOA) at 0.25 μg in the rat. The latter antagonist showed 60% AOA at 0.125 μg. Of four pairs of analogs with Arg8 and Lys8, respectively, two pairs favored Lys8 over Arg8 for potency. One pair showed negligible difference and another pair favored Arg8 over Lys8. There is specificity of substitution for potency. In other antagonists, ᴅ-3- Pal3, Tyr5 or Phe5, ᴅ-Arg6 and Leu7 or Nle7 or Val7 and Arg8 were variously effective substitutions for increase of potency and reduction of histamine release.
Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Flechtenfamilie Roccellaceae Chev. VII. Inhaltsstoffe und Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen der Gattungen Combea de Not. und Schizopelte T. M. Fries / Preliminary Studies towards a Monograph of the Lichen Family Roccellaceae Chev. VII. Secondary Products and Relationships of the Genera Combea de Not. and Schizopelte T. M. Fries
Authors: Follmann Gerhard , Geyer Mechthild 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The spectra of secondary products of Combea mollusca (Ach.) de Not. (Namibia) and Schizopelte californica T. M. Fries (California) proved to be qualitatively and quantita­tively identical. Lecanoric acid (depside) and schizopeltic acid (dibenzofuran) are first records for the genus Combea. For chemical, morphological, anatomical, ontogenetical, and ecological reasons both genera should be united: Com­bea (incl. Schizopelte, Roccellaceae, Arthoniales, Locu-loascolichenes).
An Improved Procedure for the Quantitative Estimation of the Rust Fungus in Infected Plant Tissue
Authors: Wiese Gertrud , Hugo-Wissemann Doris , Grambow Hans J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A quantitative estimation of the rust fungus in infected wheat leaves was possible following enzymatic hydrolysis of the chitin and colorimetric determination of the N-acetyl-glucosamine released. The apparently complex cell wall structure of the fungal structures made it necessary, however, to use an enzyme mixture of chitinase and cellulase in order to make accessible the chitin of the cell wall for diges­tion by chitinase. In applying this method the measurement is not appreciably influenced by already formed uredio-spores as would otherwise be the case were the chitin to be determined on the basis of glucosamine after chemical hydrolysis.
Low Molecular Mass Inhibitors from Calf Thymus Selective for T-Lymphocyte Proliferation
Authors: Matthiessen H. Peter , Maurer H. Rainer 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Endogenous factors preferentially inhibiting T-lymphocyte proliferation were prepared from the acetone precipi­tate of a 60% ethanol extract from calf thymus and their biochemical properties examined. By ultrafiltration the strongest lymphocyte-selective inhibition was found in the molecular mass range between 1 and 5 kDa. Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) of this fraction on an anion exchange column eluted the lymphocyte inhibitors at 205-265 mᴍ ammonium acetate. Staining procedures following IEF and TLC suggested, that the inhibitors may not be glycoconjugates or amines but small weakly acidic peptides (< 3 kDa).
The Photosynthetic Apparatus of Ectothiorhodospira halochloris 2. Accessibility of the Membrane Polypeptides to Partial Proteolysis and Antenna Polypeptide Assignments to Specific Chromophores
Authors: Steiner R. , Angerhofer A. , Scheer H. 
Published: August 2018

E. halochloris thylakoids and spheroplasts were treated with trypsin, thermolysin or proteinase K to determine which proteins are exposed at the different membrane surfaces. Based on SDS polyacrylamide analysis, all 9 polypeptides are exposed on the cytoplasmic side. Only one (28 kDa) is accessible from the periplasmic side. This polypeptide is generally isolated as the H-subunit of the reaction centers of photosynthetic bacteria, but is in the case of E. halochloris rather isolated with the antenna (B 800/1020) (Steiner and Scheer, Biochim . Biophys. Acta 807, 278, 1983).
Proteolysis is accompanied by a shift of the absorption band at longest wavelengths from 1020 to 960 nm (B 800/960), which upon standing is shifted further to 680 nm (“B” 800/680). The spectral changes are similar to the ones reported earlier for treatment with acid, and are also inducible with urea. The correlation of SDS-PAGE and absorption spectroscopy shows, that the chroophores absorbing at 1020 nm are transformed sim ultaneously with the degradation of the 6.5 kDa (=α) polypeptide.
Effects of Pyridazinone Herbicides during Chloroplast Development in Detached Barley Leaves III. Effects of SAN 6706 on Photosynthetic Activity and Chlorophyll-Protein Complexes
Authors: Laskay G. , Lehoczki E. , Dobi A. L. , Szalay L. 
Published: August 2018

The photosynthetic activities of barley leaves in vivo and of thylakoids, isolated from the leaves, in vitro were studied during greening in the presence or absence of 2 × 10-4 м SAN 6706. The degree of chlorophyll bleaching increased from 32% at 24 h of greening to 60% at the final stage. Treated leaves were unable to carry out 14CO2-fixation, their fluorescence induction properties showed very limited, if any, photosystem II-activity, and the thylakoids isolated from the leaves were also inactive in mediating ferricyanide Hill reaction. The leaves, however, exhibited lightinduced quenching of fluorescence revealed by slow fluorescence induction measurements; and the thylakoids were active in mediating photosystem I-specific in vitro Mehler reaction. Thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts isolated from treated leaves contained CP 1 and LHCP3 bands as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. From these results it is concluded that i) greening in the presence of SAN 6706 leads to the formation of inactive photosystem -II units; that ii) photosystem-I per se is active in vitro, and can, possibly, mediate cyclic electron transport in vivo coupled to the formation of ATP; and that iii) the presence of xanthophyll pigments is required for the assembly of the light-harvesting complex.
The experiments were repeated with the application of SAN 9789, another pyridazinone compound, and yielded practically the same results as those obtained with SAN 6706. For practical reasons, only the results obtained with SAN 6706 are demonstrated throughout this communication.
Antipeptide Antibodies: Do They Distinguish HLA-Alloantigens?
Authors: Chersi Alberto , Houghten Richard A. , Zelaschi Daniela , Cenciarelli Cristina 
Published: August 2018

Three immune sera, raised in rabbits against synthetic peptides corresponding in sequence to predetermined regions of the HLA-DQ histocompatibility antigens, were tested for their ability to recognize phenotypicallv distinct human lymphoblastoid cell lines.
The immune sera readily recognize the immunogen. When tested on the cells, they react poorly but seem to exhibit a certain degree of specificity.
The possibilities in developing true selective reagents for HLA-alloantigens are considered and discussed.
Complex Flavonoids from Pityrogramma Frond Exudates: Synthesis of Two Flavones with C—C-Linked Dihydrocinnamoyl Substituents
Authors: Iinuma Munekazu , Hamada Koji , Mizuno Mizuo , Asai Fujio , Wollenweber Eckhard 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Complex flavonoids that are typical for the frond exudate in ferns of the genus Pityrogramma are surveyed to demonstrate their close structural relation. Two such compounds, isolated earlier from the exudate of Pityrogramma calomelanos var. aureoflava are prepared by an unambiguous synthesis. Direct comparisons of the synthetic products, namely P-(5,7.4′-trihydroxy-8-yl)-β- phenylpropionic acid and its methyl ester, show them to be identical with the natural products. The structures deduced previously for these compounds by spectroscopic methods are thus confirmed.
Occurrence of 2-(2-Hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one)- β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside in Triticum aestivum Leaves and Its Conversion into 6-Methoxy-benzoxazolinone
Authors: Grambow Hans J. , Lückge Johanna , Klausener Alexander , Müller Edwin 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Cyclic hydroxamic acids occurring in the Gramineae have been reported to be involved in the resistance of cereals to fungi and insects. Here we describe the occurrence, in wheat leaves, of 1,4- benzoxazinone derivatives and their glucosylated forms, a major representative of which was found to be 2-(2-hydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-2H -1,4-benzoxazin-3-one)-β-ᴅ-glucopyranoside. Owing to its spontaneous conversion into 6-methoxy-benzoxazolinone the corresponding aglucone could not be isolated following enzymic cleavage. We propose a plausible mechanism for this reaction which also explains the higher stability of other members of the 1.4-benzoxazinone family.
Comparative Enzymatic Degradation of H1 Subfractions from Syrian Hamster Tissues
Authors: Hrabec Elżbieta , Płucienniczak Anna , Panusz Henryk 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An additional hydrolysis site recognized by thrombin on histone H1 molecules was found. Snakes venom proteases from Agkistrodon rhodostoma, Bothrops marajoensis and Bothrops moojeni were further used for the analysis of H1 histones. The presence of the main cleavage site on H1 histone molecules has been established. This site is localized on main N-terminal thrombin peptide. The main venom protease peptides obtained from different H1 subfractions preserve differences of electrophoretic mobility in acid-urea polyacrylamide gels typical for the initial H1 subfractions.
Proliferation Kinetics and Metabolic Features of in vitro Grown Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells in the Presence of Exogenous Pyruvate
Authors: Kroll Werner , Postius Stefan , Schneider Friedhelm 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The proliferation of in vitro grown Ehrlich ascites tumor cells is inhibited by pyruvate concen­trations >2 mᴍ. In the presence of 4-5 mᴍ pyruvate the growth is reduced to about 50%, in the presence of 20 mᴍ to about 5 - 10%. Viability of the cells is not severely affected. Increase of DNA corresponds to the cell growth. On recultivation in pyruvate free standard medium, growth is nearly normal. Flow cytometric analyses of the proliferation kinetics of the cells in the presence of 20 mᴍ pyruvate revealed a retardation of the passage of all phases of the cell cycle. No phase specific effects could be detected though the S- and G2M-phase are more afflicted than Gl. The growth inhibition of EAT cells by pyruvate seems to depend on the presence of glucose.
Exogenous pyruvate (>1-2 mᴍ) causes an activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase, a reduction of lactate production from glucose and a stimulation of lipid biosynthesis; the NAD/NADH ratio of the cells is reduced and a rise of glycolytic intermediates beyond glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is observed. Maximal activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by non toxic concen­trations of dichloroacetate is also accompagnied by an inhibition of cell growth. It is suggested that an increase of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate level and the changes in the redox state of the cells are of relevance for the inhibition of cell growth by pyruvate. 100-500 μᴍ exogenous glycer-aldehyde-3-phosphate strongly inhibited cell growth.
Interaction between Spin Labels and DPPC Vesicles
Authors: Lohmann W. , Kiefer B. , Schmehl W. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

1H NMR studies on DPPC vesicles labeled with the spin labels (1,14) or (12,3) have shown that both of the spin labels influence the fatty acid side chains as well as the choline head groups. The spin label (12,3) affects, natural­ly, the head groups stronger than the spin label (1,14), while the reversed effect can be observed at the side chains. This effect progresses with time after vesicle preparation and is fully developed after about 24 h. Addition of Na- ascorbate, at this time, seems to reverse the effect indicat­ing a stabilizing effect of the vitamin on the membrane. These results could be confirmed by ESR investigations according to which the high-field signal seems to be indica­tive for changes occurring at the side chains, while the low-field signal seems to reflect modifications of the head groups. Since the spin label (1,14) affects considerably the head groups at temperatures <6 °C, in which case the spec­trum is very similar to that obtained with spin label (12,3) at 24 °C, one might conclude that there might be a phase transition in regard to the head groups.
Soluble and Insoluble Rat Liver Chromatin is Different in Structure and Protein Composition
Authors: Brust Rüdiger 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Rat liver chromatin has been fractionated by different solubility in solvents of 155 mᴍ ionic strength in soluble S and insoluble I-chromatin. Histone H1 content is lower in S as compared to I-chromatin. The HMG1/2 nonhistone proteins are observed in S-chromatin and in the nuclear pelleted residue from the chromatin isolation procedure, but no amount can be detected in I-chromatin. Thermal denaturation profiles and CD-spectra are different for S and I-chromatin indicating distinct interactions between DNA and proteins in the chromatin molecules. Both effects, differing protein content and distinct DNA-protein interactions, can be correlated with solubility and insolubility being the result of charge-charge interactions between chromatin molecules and ionic components of the solvent.
New Flavonoids from the Exudate of Baccharis bigelovii (Asteraceae)
Authors: Arriaga-Giner Francisco J. , Wollenweber Eckhard , Hradetzky Dagmar 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Four flavonoids have been identified from the leaf and stem resin produced by Baccharis bigelovii (Asteraceae) in addition to twelve previously described aglycones. A flavonol (alnusin) and a dihydroflavonol (alnustinol) with 3,5,7-trihydroxy substitution had both been reported only twice before. The novel compound 2β,5,7-trihydroxy-flavanone is remarkable for its 2β-substitution at the heterocyclic ring. 7-Benzoyl-chrysin is the first flavone aglycone found as ester and the first flavonoid aglycone at all that is esterified with an aromatic acid.
Comparison of the Solid State CPMAS and Solution Carbon-13-NMR Spectra of Humic Acids Extracted from Composted Municipal Refuse
Authors: Fründ R. , Gonzalez-Vila F. J. , Lüdemann H .-D . , Martin F. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The solution and CPM AS spectra of humic acids extracted from the composted municipal refuse of three Spanish cities (Sevilla, G ranada and Puerto Real) have been obtained at 75.4 MHz.
The spectra are discussed qualitatively and the signals assigned to the various chemical struc­ tures forming the humic acids.
It is attempted to learn the limits for the quantitative determination of signal areas for the different chemical structures.
It is concluded, that aliphatic-and carbohydrate structures contribute most to these compounds.
Microbial Hydroxylation of Cedrol and Cedrene
Authors: Abraham Wolf-Rainer , Washausen Peter , Kieslich Klaus 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Biotransformation of cedrol with 5 different strains afforded 8 previously undescribed hydroxy-cedrols. The attack came from a hemisphere centered at C-12 approximately. At two positions epimeric pairs were formed, which could be avoided by using different strains. Contrary to previous studies of other groups we found the 2-and 12-hydroxylations as main reactions. Cedrene needed prolonged fermentation and gave lower yields than cedrol. Apart from allylic hydroxylations the oxidation pattern by Corynespora cassiicola DSM 62474 of cedrene and cedrol was the same. The structures of the metabolites were elucidated by 2D NMR techniques.
Bausteine für Oligonucleotid-Synthesen mit einheitlich fragmentierbaren β-halogenierten Schutzgruppen /Building Blocks for Oligonucleotide Syntheses with Uniformly Fragmentable β-Halogenated Protecting Groups
Authors: Lemmen Peter , Karl Rosmarie , Ugi Ivar , Balgobin Neil , Chattopadhyaya Jyoti 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
5′-Dimethoxytrityl-3′-phosphite amides of deoxynucleosides are synthesized. Phosphite/phosphate is protected by the 2,2,2-trichloro-1,1-dimethyl-ethyl (TCB) group, heterocyclic bases by the 2,2,2-trichloro-2,2-dimethyl-ethoxycarbonyl (TCBOC) group. Deoxyguanosine is also block­ ed by 6-O-trichloroethyl thus avoiding the difficulties observed with monoprotected guanine residues.
Structure Elucidation of Kwakhurin, a New Prenylated Isoflavone from Pueraria miriflca Roots
Authors: Tahara Satoshi , Ingham John L. , Dziedzic Stanley Z. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An isoflavonoid obtained from dried roots of the Thai legume Pueraria mirifica has been identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods as 7,2′,4′-trihydroxy-5′-methoxy-6′-(3,3-dimethylallyl)isoflavone (kwakhurin).
Root Hair Specific Proteins in Glycine max
Authors: Werner Dietrich , Wolff Andreas Bernd 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
In root hairs from seedlings of Glycine max cultivars, isolated from the root system and com­ pared with the complete organ, specific soluble proteins have been found. By FPLC chromatography and SDS gel electrophoresis root hair specific proteins with molecular weights of 13, 21, 34, 38 and 42 kDa were separated. Additionally, proteins with molecular weights of 12, 20, 69 and 74 kDa were significantly enriched in root hairs compared to roots without root hairs. By using CNBr activated Sepharose with antibodies against the root system without root hairs, the pres­ ence of root hair specific proteins was confirmed in extracts from isolated root hair cells. Enrichment of Fe and Ca in some of the proteins from the root hairs is demonstrated. The present knowledge of the biochemical specificity of legume root hairs, the target cells of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium infection, is discussed.
Embryotoxicity Induced by Alkylating Agents. Some Methodological Aspects of DNA Alkylation Studies in Murine Embryos Using Ethylmethanesulfonate
Authors: Platzek T. , Bochert G. , Rahm U. , Neubert D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Synthesis and spectroscopic analysis of some alkylated DNA purine bases are described. HPLC separation methods are developed for the determination of DNA alkylation rates in mammalian embryonic tissues. Following treatment of pregnant mice with the ethylating agent ethyl-methanesulfonate (EMS), an appreciable amount of alkylation (ethylation and methylation) was found in the nuclear DNA of the embryos during organogenesis. The results are discussed in context of our thesis that a certain amount of DNA alkylation in the embryos is correlated to the teratogenic potential of alkylating agents.
Free Amino Acids in Cytosol of Rat Brain after Intraventricular Administration of 5,6-Dihydroxytryptamine and 6-Hydroxydopamine
Authors: Konecki Janusz , Gabrys Janusz , Brus Ryszard , Szkilnik Ryszard , Shani Jashovam 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Levels of 24 free amino acids were estimated in the brain after administration of 5,6-dihydroxy-tryptamine and 6-hydroxydopamine into the lateral brain ventricles of male Wistar rats. These neurotransmitters caused serotoninectomy and sympathectomy in the diencephalon, striatum, brain stem and medulla, thalamus and hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The most abundant amino acids in these brain structures were: glutamic acid, serine, aspartic acid, cystine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine, tryptophan and alanine. We detected and quantified changes in the levels of these and other amino acids in the investigated regions of the rat central nervous system, under the influence of these two neurotransmitters.
Cyanoacrylate Inhibitors of the Hill Reaction V. The Effect of Chirality on Inhibitor Binding
Authors: Huppatz John L. , Phillips John N. 
Published: August 2018

Optically active α-methylbenzylamino 2-cyanoacrylic esters were synthesized and assayed as inhibitors of the Hill reaction in isolated pea chloroplast fragments. The 5-isomers were more potent inhibitors than the S-isomers with discriminations of from ten to greater than 100-fold being observed. A β-alkyl substituent in the cyanoacrylate molecule affected both the level of activity and the difference in activity between the isomers. An α,α-dimethylbenzylamino derivative was also active at about the same level as the corresponding α-methylbenzylamino racemate. This result could be explained in terms of the orientation of the phenyl ring in the receptor site.
Replacement of the α-methylbenzylamino group by other α-alkyl and α-phenyl substituents had little effect on activity. However, an α-benzyl group was beneficial.
Interaction of Halogenated 1,4-Benzoquinones with System II of Photosynthesis
Authors: Renger Gernot , Kayed Angela , Oettmeier Walter 
Published: August 2018

The interaction of halogenated p-benzoquinones with PS II has been analyzed by measurements of fluorescence induction curves and the average oxygen yield per flash in isolated class II chloroplasts. It was found:
1)The normalized area over the fluorescence induction curve in the presence of DCMU. A/Fmax, markedly increases if halogenated p-benzoquinones are added before DCMU. The effect is eliminated by DCMU addition prior to that of the quinones.
2)The extent of A/Fmax increases with increasing dark time between the additions of 2,3.5-tri- bromo-6-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBTO) and DCMU. respectively.
3) Some of the halogenated p-benzoquinones were found to act as efficient electron acceptors under repetitive excitation at low flash frequency (2 Hz). In the case of TBTO and 2,3-di-chloro-5-t-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone (TBU 13) the sensitivity of the average oxygen yield per flash was shifted towards higher concentrations of DCMU.
4) Halogenated p-benzoquinones can also affect the stability of oxidizing redox equivalents in the water oxidizing enzyme system Y. This effect depends on the nature of the substituents.
The present results are interpreted by the assumption of a covalent binding of halogenated p-benzoquinones in the vicinity of Qᴀ. This binding is prevented by DCMU. The possibility of allosteric interaction between the donor and acceptor side of PS II is discussed.