bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative influence of intellectual disabilities and autism on mental and general health in Scotland: a cross-sectional study of a whole country of 5.3 million children and adults
Authors: Kinnear Deborah , Rydzewska Ewelina , Dunn Kirsty , Hughes-McCormack Laura Anne , Melville Craig , Henderson Angela , Cooper Sally-Ann 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo determine the relative extent that autism and intellectual disabilities are independently associated with poor mental and general health, in children and adults.DesignCross-sectional study. For Scotland’s population, logistic regressions investigated odds of intellectual disabilities and autism predicting mental health conditions, and poor general health, adjusted for age and gender.Participants1 548 819 children/youth aged 0-24 years, and 3 746 584 adults aged more than 25 years, of whom 9396/1 548 819 children/youth had intellectual disabilities (0.6%), 25 063/1 548 819 children/youth had autism (1.6%); and 16 953/3 746 584 adults had intellectual disabilities (0.5%), 6649/3 746 584 adults had autism (0.2%). These figures are based on self-report.Main outcome measuresSelf-reported general health status and mental health.ResultsIn children/youth, intellectual disabilities (OR 7.04, 95% CI 6.30 to 7.87) and autism (OR 25.08, 95% CI 23.08 to 27.32) both independently predicted mental health conditions. In adults, intellectual disabilities (OR 3.50, 95% CI 3.20 to 3.84) and autism (OR 5.30, 95% CI 4.80 to 5.85) both independently predicted mental health conditions. In children/youth, intellectual disabilities (OR 18.34, 95% CI 17.17 to 19.58) and autism (OR 8.40, 95% CI 8.02 to 8.80) both independently predicted poor general health. In adults, intellectual disabilities (OR 7.54, 95% CI 7.02 to 8.10) and autism (OR 4.46, 95% CI 4.06 to 4.89) both independently predicted poor general health.ConclusionsBoth intellectual disabilities and autism independently predict poor health, intellectual disabilities more so for general health and autism more so for mental health. Intellectual disabilities and autism are not uncommon, and due to their associated poor health, sufficient services/supports are needed. This is not just due to coexistence of these conditions or just to having intellectual disabilities, as the population with autism is independently associated with substantial health inequalities compared with the general population, across the entire life course.
Trajectories of future sickness absence and disability pension days among individuals with a new sickness absence spell due to osteoarthritis diagnosis ≥21 days: a prospective cohort study with 13-month follow-up
Authors: Farrants Kristin , Friberg Emilie , Sjölund Sara , Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionOsteoarthritis is one of the most common types of musculoskeletal diagnoses also among working-age populations, and often leads to long-term sickness absence (SA) spells or even disability pension (DP).The aimwas to identify future trajectories of days of SA and/or DP among people with a new SA spell due to osteoarthritis that became ≥21 long, and to investigate sociodemographic and morbidity characteristics of individuals in identified trajectories.MethodsThis is a prospective population-based cohort study using data from several Swedish registers. We studied future SA/DP among all 4894 individuals aged 16–64 years who, during the first 6 months of 2010, had an incident SA spell due to osteoarthritis (ICD-10 codes M15-19) ≥21 days. Using group-based trajectory modelling, we identified trajectories of mean SA/DP net days/month and 95% CIs for the 13 months from the 21st day of the index SA spell. Sociodemographic and morbidity characteristics were compared by χ2tests and multinomial logistic regression.ResultsWe identified five trajectories of SA/DP days: ‘fast decrease’ (36% of the cohort), ‘medium fast decrease’ (29%), ‘slow decrease’ (15%), ‘fluctuating’ (12%) and ‘late decrease’ (8%). Individuals in the two trajectories who still had SA/DP days at end of follow-up (late decrease and fluctuating) were more likely to be older, born outside the EU and have indicators of more severe morbidity than those in the other trajectories.ConclusionFive trajectories of future SA/DP days were identified; 80% of the cohort belonged to trajectories with no SA/DP by the end of follow-up. Identifying trajectories of future SA/DP provides new insights regarding the developments of SA/DP over time among people on SA due to osteoarthritis; not only days in the initial SA spell but also in new spells during follow-up need to be included for a better understanding.
Years of life lost due to diseases of the digestive system in Poland according to socioeconomic factors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Paciej-Gołębiowska Paulina , Pikala Małgorzata , Maniecka-Bryła Irena 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo analyse years of life lost (YLLs) due to digestive diseases in Poland according to: marital status, education, working status and place of residence.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingThe study was based on a dataset containing information from death certificates of Poles who died in 2002 and in 2011.ParticipantsThe analysis covered records with codes K00–K93 according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision.Outcome measuresYLL values were calculated using the Standard Expected Years of Life Lost measure. For each socioeconomic variable, the rate ratio (RR) was calculated as the quotient of YLLs in the less privileged group to the more privileged group.ResultsAmong the categories of marital status, the smallest YLL values (per 10 000) were recorded among singles (men: 100.63 years in 2002, 121.10 years in 2011; women: 26.99, 33.33, respectively), and the most among divorced men (657.87, 689.32) and widowed women (173.97, 169.46). YLL analysis according to education level revealed the lowest values in people with higher education (men: 54.20, 57.66; women: 17.31, 18.31) and the highest in people with lower than secondary education (men: 178.85, 198.32; women: 104.95, 125.76). Being economically active was associated with a smaller YLL score (men: 39.93, 59.51; women: 10.31, 14.96) than being inactive (men: 340.54, 219.93; women: 126.86, 96.80). Urban residents had higher YLL score (men: 159.46, 174.18, women: 73.03, 78.12) than rural ones (men: 126.83, 137.11, women: 57.32, 57.56).In both sexes, RR according to education level and place of residence increased, and those according to marital status and working status decreased with time.ConclusionsActivities aimed at reducing health inequalities in terms of YLL due to digestive diseases should be primarily addressed to inhabitants with lower than secondary education, divorced and widowed people, urban residents and those who are economically inactive.
Exposure to heavy physical work from early to later adulthood and primary healthcare visits due to musculoskeletal diseases in midlife: a register linked study
Authors: Halonen Jaana I , Shiri Rahman , Mänty Minna , Sumanen Hilla , Solovieva Svetlana , Viikari-Juntura Eira , Kähönen Mika , Lehtimäki Terho , Raitakari Olli T , Lallukka Tea 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo examine whether exposure to heavy physical work from early to later adulthood is associated with primary healthcare visits due to cause-specific musculoskeletal diseases in midlife.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingNationally representative Young Finns Study cohort, Finland.Participants1056 participants of the Young Finns Study cohort.Exposure measurePhysical work exposure was surveyed in early (18–24 years old, 1986 or 1989) and later adulthood (2007 and 2011), and it was categorised as: ‘no exposure’, ‘early exposure only’, ‘later exposure only’ and ‘early and later exposure’.Primary and secondary outcome measuresVisits due to any musculoskeletal disease and separately due to spine disorders, and upper extremity disorders were followed up from national primary healthcare register from the date of the third survey in 2011 until 2014.ResultsPrevalence of any musculoskeletal disease during the follow-up was 20%, that for spine disorders 10% and that for upper extremity disorders 5%. Those with physically heavy work in early adulthood only had an increased risk of any musculoskeletal disease (risk ratio (RR) 1.55, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.28) after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, body mass index, physical activity and parental occupational class. Later exposure only was associated with visits due to any musculoskeletal disease (RR 1.46, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.12) and spine disorders (RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.41 to 4.06). Early and later exposure was associated with all three outcomes: RR 1.99 (95% CI 1.44 to 2.77) for any musculoskeletal disease, RR 2.43 (95% CI 1.42 to 4.14) for spine disorders and RR 3.97 (95% CI 1.86 to 8.46) for upper extremity disorders.ConclusionsTo reduce burden of musculoskeletal diseases, preventive actions to reduce exposure to or mitigate the consequences of physically heavy work throughout the work career are needed.
First-principles study of BiFeO3and BaTiO3in tetragonal structure
Authors: Ali Akbar , Khan Imad , Ali Zahid , Khan Fawad , Ahmad Iftikhar 
Published: August 2019

Structural, electronic, magnetic and mechanical properties of the perovskites BiFeO3(BFO) and BaTiO3(BTO) are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Structural and mechanical parameters are calculated using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the results consistent with the available literature. The stable magnetic phases are achieved by optimizing total energies versus volumes of the cells in different magnetic configurations such as nonmagnetic (NM), ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM). BTO is found to be NM while BFO favors G-type AFM (G-AFM) phase. The electronic properties are investigated using GGA, GGA with Hubbard potential (GGA[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]U) and modified Becke–Johnson (GGA-mBJ) exchange–correlation functionals. BFO is found to be a direct bandgap semiconductor having gap energy value 3.0 eV whereas BTO is an indirect semiconductor with bandgap energy 2.9 eV. Spin–orbit coupling effect is dominant in BFO due to the larger size of A-site cation. The electrical polarization shows that both the compounds are ferroelectric materials with significant spontaneous polarization of 144.1 [Formula: see text]C/cm2and 27.9 [Formula: see text]C/cm2for BFO and BTO respectively.
Application of Nature Inspired Algorithms to Optimize Multi-objective Two-Dimensional Rectangle Packing Problem
Authors: Virk Amandeep Kaur , Singh Kawaljeet 
Published: August 2019

This paper considers two-dimensional non-guillotine rectangular bin packing problem with multiple objectives in which small rectangular parts are to be arranged optimally on a large rectangular sheet. The optimization of rectangular parts is attained with respect to three objectives involving maximization of (1) utilization factor, minimization of (2) due dates of rectangles and (3) number of cuts. Three nature based metaheuristic algorithms — Cuckoo Search, Bat Algorithm and Flower Pollination Algorithm — have been used to solve the multi-objective packing problem. The purpose of this work is to consider multiple industrial objectives for improving the overall production process and to explore the potential of the recent metaheuristic techniques. Benchmark test data compare the performance of recent approaches with the popular approaches and also of the different objectives used. Different performance metrics analyze the behavior/performance of the proposed technique. Experimental results obtained in this work prove the effectiveness of the recent metaheuristic techniques used. Also, it was observed that considering multiple and independent factors as objectives for the production process does not degrade the overall performance and they do not necessarily conflict with each other.
Effect of different bariatric surgeries on dietary protein bioavailability in rats
Authors: Tessier Romain , Ribeiro-Parenti Lara , Bruneau Ouafa , Khodorova Nadezda , Cavin Jean-Baptiste , Bado André , Azzout-Marniche Dalila , Calvez Juliane , Le Gall Maude , Gaudichon Claire 
Published: August 2019

Bariatric surgery may induce protein malabsorption, although data are scarce. This study aims at evaluating dietary protein bioavailability after different bariatric surgeries in rats. Diet-induced obese Wistar rats were operated for vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The control group was composed of pair-fed, sham-operated rats (Sham). Two weeks after surgery, rats were fed a 15N protein meal. Protein bioavailability was assessed by determination of 15N recovery in the gastrointestinal tract and organs 6 h after the meal. Fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) was assessed using a flooding dose of 13C valine. Weight loss was the highest in RYGB rats and the lowest in Sham rats. Surprisingly, RYGB (95.6 ± 0.7%) improved protein digestibility ( P = 0.045) compared with Sham (93.5 ± 0.5%) and VSG (93.8 ± 0.6%). In contrast, 15N retained in the liver ( P = 0.001) and plasma protein ( P = 0.037) was lower than in Sham, with a similar trend in muscle ( P = 0.052). FSR was little altered by bariatric surgery, except for a decrease in the kidney of RYGB ( P = 0.02). The 15N distribution along the small intestinal tissue suggests that dietary nitrogen was considerably retained in the remodeled mucosa of RYGB compared with Sham. This study revealed that in contrast to VSG, RYGB slightly improved protein digestibility but altered peripheral protein bioavailability. This effect may be ascribed to a higher uptake of dietary amino acids by the remodeled intestine. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a sensitive 15N meal test, we found that gastric bypass slightly improved protein digestibility compared with sleeve gastrectomy or control but, in contrast, lowered protein retention in the liver and muscles. This paradox can be due to a higher uptake of dietary nitrogen by the intestinal mucosa that was hypertrophied. This study provides new insight on the digestive and metabolic fate of dietary protein in different models of bariatric surgery in rats.
Risk Factors for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer among Latina Women
Authors: Rey-Vargas Laura , Sanabria-Salas María Carolina , Fejerman Laura , Serrano-Gómez Silvia J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Latina women. Although they have a lower incidence of the disease when compared with other population groups such as non-Hispanic white and African-American women, some studies have shown that Latina women have a higher risk of mortality when compared with non-Hispanic white women. This phenomenon can be explained in part by the higher prevalence of aggressive subtypes in Latina women, particularly the triple negative. Such differences in breast cancer–intrinsic subtype distribution between population groups might be a consequence of a variety of risk factors differentially present among population groups. Here, we provide a full description of risk factors that might be associated with the high prevalence of the triple-negative subtype in Latina women. We assessed demographic (socioeconomic status), modifiable (reproductive patterns, obesity, and physical activity), and nonmodifiable (family history, germline BRCA mutations, and genetic ancestry) risk factors. The observed inconsistencies among different epidemiologic studies in Latinas warrant further research focused on breast cancer subtype–specific risk factors in this population.
Temporal Aspects of Word Initial Single Consonants and Consonants in Clusters in Spanish
Authors: Gibson Mark , Sotiropoulou Stavroula , Tobin Stephen , Gafos Adamantios I. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We examined gestural coordination in C1C2 (C1 stop, C2 lateral or tap) word initial clusters using articulatory (electromagnetic articulometry) and acoustic data from six speakers of Standard Peninsular Spanish. We report on patterns of voice onset time (VOT), gestural plateau duration of C1, C2, and their overlap. For VOT, as expected, place of articulation is a major factor, with velars exhibiting longer VOTs than labials. Regarding C1 plateau duration, voice and place effects were found such that voiced consonants are significantly shorter than voiceless consonants, and velars show longer duration than labials. For C2 plateau duration, lateral duration was found to vary as a function of onset complexity (C vs. CC). As for overlap, unlike in French, where articulatory data for clusters have also been examined, clusters where both C1 and C2 are voiced show more overlap than where voicing differs. Further, overlap was affected by the C2 such that clusters where C2 is a tap show less overlap than clusters where C2 is a lateral. We discuss these results in the context of work aiming to uncover phonetic (e.g., articulatory or perceptual) and phonological forces (e.g., syllabic organization) on timing.
Four-Week Omega-3 Supplementation in Carriers of the Prosteatotic <b><i>PNPLA3</i></b> p.I148M Genetic Variant: An Open-Label Study
Authors: Kuttner Clara-Sophie , Mancina Rosellina , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Lammert Frank , Stokes Caroline S. 
Published: August 2019

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The <i>PNPLA3</i> loss-of-function variant p.I148M is a strong genetic determinant of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The PNPLA3 protein functions as an intracellular lipase in the liver, with a greater activity on unsaturated fatty acids. This study aimed to determine whether short-term supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids impacts hepatic steatosis differently in <i>PNPLA3</i> p.148I wild-type individuals as compared to homozygous carriers of the <i>PNPLA3</i> p.148M variant. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty subjects with hepatic steatosis (50% women, age 18–77 years) were included. Ten subjects homozygous for the <i>PNPLA3</i> 148M variant were matched to 10 wild-type individuals. The subjects received 4 g omega-3 fatty acids (1,840 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 1,520 mg docosahexaenoic acid) a day for 4 weeks. Transient elastography with a controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) was used to quantify liver fat before and after the intervention. Body composition, fibrosis, liver function tests, serum free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose markers were compared. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Patients homozygous for the <i>PNPLA3</i> p.148M variant (risk group) demonstrated no significant changes in CAP compared to baseline (284 ± 55 vs. 287 ± 65 dB/m) as did the control group (256 ± 56 vs. 262 ± 55 dB/m). While serum liver enzyme activities remained unchanged in both groups, the risk group displayed significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.02) lower baseline FFA concentrations (334.5 [range 281.0–431.0] vs. 564.5 [range 509.0–682.0] μmol/L), which markedly increased by 9.1% after the intervention. In contrast, FFA concentrations decreased significantly (<i>p</i> = 0.01) by 28.3% in the wild-type group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Short-term omega-3 fatty acid supplementation did not significantly alter hepatic steatosis. The nutrigenomic and metabolic effects of omega-3 fatty acids should be investigated further in carriers of the <i>PNPLA3</i> 148M risk variant.
Selenium and Other Trace Elements in the Etiology of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies
Authors: Adani Giorgia , Filippini Tommaso , Michalke Bernhard , Vinceti Marco 
Published: August 2019

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s dementia. Whereas the exact etiology of PD remains unknown, risk of developing PD seems to be related to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. This also includes abnormal exposure to trace elements of nutritional and toxicological interest. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarized the results of case–control studies comparing levels of selenium, copper, iron, and zinc in PD patients and controls in either blood (whole blood, serum/plasma) or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We performed a systematic PubMed search selecting studies reporting trace element levels in different specimens of patients and controls. We performed a meta-analysis using a random-effect model to compute the weighted mean differences (WMD) and corresponding 95% CI of selenium, copper, iron, and zinc levels in the blood or CSF of patients and their matched controls. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We retrieved 56 papers reporting data for selenium (cases/controls: 588/721), copper (2,190/2,522), iron (2,956/3,469), and zinc (1,798/1,913) contents in CSF and blood. Cases showed considerably higher levels of selenium in CSF compared with controls (+51.6%; WMD 5.49; 95% CI 2.82 to 8.15), while levels in serum were similar (–0.2%; WMD –0.22; 95% CI –8.05 to 7.62). For copper, cases showed slightly higher levels in CSF and slightly lower concentrations in serum (+4.5%; WMD 1.87; 95% CI –3.59 to 7.33, and –4.5%; WMD –42.79; 95% CI –134.35 to 48.76, respectively). A slight increase was also found for CSF iron ­levels (+9.5%; WMD 9.92; 1.23 to 18.61), while levels were ­decreased in serum/plasma (–5.7%; WMD –58.19; 95% CI –106.49 to –9.89) and whole blood (–10.8%; WMD –95.69; 95% CI –157.73 to –33.65). Conversely, for zinc cases exhibited lower levels both in CSF (–10.8%; WMD –7.34; 95% CI –14.82 to 0.14) and serum/plasma (–7.5%; WMD –79.93; 95% CI –143.80 to –16.06). A longer duration of the disease tends to be associated with overall lower trace element levels in either CSF or blood. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Due to the study findings and the greater relevance of the CSF compartment compared with the circulating peripheral ones, this meta-analysis suggests that overexposure in the central nervous system to selenium, and possibly to copper and iron, may be a risk factor of the disease, while zinc might have a protective ­effect.
HOLLOWAY, John. Fissurar o capitalismo. Traduzido por Daniel Cunha. São Paulo: Publisher Brasil, 2013. 272 p.; 23 cm.
Authors: Silva Suana Medeiros 
Published: August 2019

Fissurar o Capitalismo é um livro constituído de um argumento-proposta, onde o autor Jonh Holloway, faz uma leitura da insatisfação e da inconformidade com o capitalismo por parte de inúmeras pessoas e grupos da sociedade global. Ao identificar, citar exemplos de inconformismos e revoltas, ao mesmo tempo dialoga com leitoras e leitores sobre suas revoltas. Adentrando nessa condição comum a muitos indivíduos e grupos, o autor desenvolve um debate sobre formas de romper com o capitalismo, fundamentado na teoria marxista – apesar de incluir uma forte crítica à teoria clássica.