bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Ice Thickness to the Atmospheric Response From Projected Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Labe Zachary , Peings Yannick , Magnusdottir Gudrun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA large ensemble of simulations from a high‐top atmospheric general circulation model are conducted to compare the atmospheric responses from loss of Arctic sea ice thickness and sea ice concentration. The response to projected sea ice thickness loss indicates substantial surface warming over the Arctic Ocean and up to 1°C of cooling in Eurasia. While the dynamic circulation response from sea ice thickness loss is smaller in magnitude, it has a similar spatial anomaly pattern as that due to sea ice concentration loss. This pattern resembles the negative phase of the Northern Annular Mode. The simulations reveal that sea ice thickness loss enhances the thermodynamic and large‐scale circulation response from sea ice anomalies. These results stress the importance of considering a realistic sea ice thickness distribution in future atmospheric general circulation model sea ice perturbation experiments.
Evaluation of direct and indirect effects of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Mali
Authors: Druetz Thomas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRandomized controlled trials have established that seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) in children is a promising strategy to reduce malaria transmission in Sahelian West Africa. This strategy was recently introduced in a dozen countries, and about 12 million children received SMC in 2016. However, evidence on SMC effectiveness under routine programme conditions is sparse. We aim to measure the effects of the nationwide SMC programme in Mali on the prevalence of malaria and anemia in children 6–59 months. We used data from the 2015 nationally representative malaria indicator survey. A post-test only with non-randomized control group study was designed. We fitted a generalized structural equation model that controlled for potential bias on observed and non-observed variables (endogenous treatment effect model). Having received SMC reduced by 44% (95% CI [0.39–0.49]) the risk of having a positive rapid diagnostic test for malaria. In addition, the programme indirectly reduced by 18% the risk of moderate-to-severe anemia (95% CI [0.15–0.21]). SMC in Mali has substantial protective effects under routine nationwide programme conditions. Endogenous treatment effects analyses can contribute to rigorously measuring the effectiveness of health programmes and to bridging a widening gap in evaluation methods to measure progress towards achieving malaria elimination.
Planets, candidates, and binaries from the CoRoT/Exoplanet programme
Authors: Deleuil M. , Aigrain S. , Moutou C. , Cabrera J. , Bouchy F. , Deeg H. J. , Almenara J.-M. , Hébrard G. , Santerne A. , Alonso R. , Bonomo A. S. , Bordé P. , Csizmadia Sz. , Dìaz R. F. , Erikson A. , Fridlund M. , Gandolfi D. , Guenther E. , Guillot T. , Guterman P. , Grziwa S. , Hatzes A. , Léger A. , Mazeh T. , Ofir A. , Ollivier M. , Pätzold M. , Parviainen H. , Rauer H. , Rouan D. , Schneider J. , Titz-Weider R. , Tingley B. , Weingrill J. 
Published: May 2018

The CoRoT space mission observed 163 665 stars over 26 stellar fields in the faint star channel. The exoplanet teams detected a total of 4123 transit-like features in the 177 454 light curves. We present the complete re-analysis of all these detections carried out with the same softwares so that to ensure their homogeneous analysis. Although the vetting process involves some human evaluation, it also involves a simple binary flag system over basic tests: detection significance, presence of a secondary, difference between odd and even depths, colour dependence, V-shape transit, and duration of the transit. We also gathered the information from the large accompanying ground-based programme carried out on the planet candidates and checked how useful the flag system could have been at the vetting stage of the candidates. From the initial list of transit-like features, we identified and separated 824 false alarms of various kind, 2269 eclipsing binaries among which 616 are contact binaries and 1653 are detached ones, 37 planets and brown dwarfs, and 557 planet candidates. We provide the catalogue of all these transit-like features, including false alarms. For the planet candidates, the catalogue gives not only their transit parameters but also the products of their light curve modelling: reduced radius, reduced semi-major axis, and impact parameter, together with a summary of the outcome of follow-up observations when carried out and their current status. For the detached eclipsing binaries, the catalogue provides, in addition to their transit parameters, a simple visual classification. Among the planet candidates whose nature remains unresolved, we estimate that eight (within an error of three) planets are still to be identified. After correcting for geometric and sensitivity biases, we derived planet and brown dwarf occurrences and confirm disagreements with Kepler estimates, as previously reported by other authors from the analysis of the first runs: small-size planets with orbital period less than ten days are underabundant by a factor of three in the CoRoT fields whereas giant planets are overabundant by a factor of two. These preliminary results would however deserve further investigations using the recently released CoRoT light curves that are corrected of the various instrumental effects and a homogeneous analysis of the stellar populations observed by the two missions.
Diego: ein Leben mit zystischer Fibrose
Authors: Wettstein Markus 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Geschichte von Diego ist erfunden, könnte aber genauso gut real sein. Sie steht stellvertretend für die Menschen, die mit zystischer Fibrose geboren werden
und ihr Leben lang mit dieser Erkrankung umgehen müssen. Eine gute ärztliche und therapeutische Begleitung während aller Lebensphasen ist essenziell, um die
Motivation für die Therapie nicht zu verlieren. Die geschilderten Erlebnisse sind fiktiv und stehen nicht in Zusammenhang mit dem jungen Mann auf den Fotos.
Anti-inflammatory Flavanones and Flavanols from the Roots of Pongamia pinnata
Authors: Wen Ran , Lv Haining , Jiang Yong , Tu Pengfei 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA phytochemical study of the roots of Pongamia pinnata afforded 29 flavanones and flavanols, including 7 previously undescribed compounds. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopy data. The absolute configurations of the compounds were assigned via analysis of the specific rotations and electronic circular dichroism spectra, application of Mosherʼs method, and by comparing the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism spectra. The isolates were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. All of the isolated compounds exhibited inhibitory effects against nitric oxide production, and most of them showed obvious anti-inflammatory activities (IC50 < 20 µM), among which 26 was the most active compound with an IC50 of 9.6 µM.
Hérnia medular idiopática atípica — relato de caso
Authors: Vieira Heber , Amaral Rodrigo , Marchi Luis , Pokorny Gabriel , Marcelino Fernando , Rosa Fabio , Guarçoni Netto Angelo , Faulhaber Nicholai , Jensen Rubens , Pimenta Luiz 
Published: May 2018

ResumoA hérnia medular idiopática (HMI) é uma causa rara de mielopatia progressiva que afeta principalmente mulheres de meia idade com apresentação clínica típica com a Síndrome de Brown-Sequard. Possui etiologia incerta, sendo a teoria mais aceita a de ser um defeito congênito na dura-máter que leva a uma herniação lenta e progressiva da medula que ocasiona uma lesão evolutiva, podendo levar a um déficit irreversível quando subdiagnosticado e não tratado da forma ideal. A realização da ressonância magnética é fundamental para o diagnóstico, e a cirurgia é o tratamento de escolha para reverter e cessar os sintomas mielopáticos. O presente artigo mostra um caso de uma apresentação atípica da localização do defeito dural e da herniação, não descrita ainda na literatura, levando a uma apresentação neurológica e anatômica incomum para esta patologia, obrigando a realizar um planejamento cirúrgico específico para tal caso.
Misleading “New Insights into the Chrysotile Debate”
Authors: Woitowitz H.-J. , Baur X. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough there is no dispute among independent scientists about the carcinogenic and fibrogenic effects of chrysotile, the asbestos industry has been continuously and successfully acting to cast doubts on its harm. Another approach including asbestos insurance entities is to refuse compensation by raising the bar and fight criminal prosecution for asbestos-related diseases by the help of paid scientists. A recent publication on asbestos fibre burden in human lungs fits well in this context. The claim that chrysotile fibres are biopersistent in human lung is not based on the data provided by these authors, and, additionally, exhibits serious inconsistencies and obvious mismeasurements and significant methodological problems. The conclusion of the authors that fibre analysis of workersʼ lungs “is of high significance for differential diagnosis, risk assessment and occupational compensation” is unfounded and reprehensible. Also the available literature, the statements of the WHO, IARC, other decisive independent international organizations, and all our experience provide abundant evidence to the contrary. Note, the method is generally restricted to research only and is not recognized for diagnostic purpose and compensation in any other country. In conclusion, fibre counting in lung tissues should not be used to estimate former exposure to chrysotile comprising c. 94 % of applied asbestos in Germany. The authors claim that the analyses can improve the compensation rates in Germany. However, the opposite has been the case; it significantly worsens the non-justified denial of well-substantiated compensation claims.
Final report on APMP.EM.RF-S21.F
Authors: Ishii Masanori , Kim Jeong Hwan , Ji Yu , Cho Chi Hyun , Zhang Tim 
Published: May 2018

The supplementary comparison report APMP.EM.RF-S21.F describes the comparison of loop antennas, which was conducted between April 2013 and January 2014. The two comparison artefacts were well-characterised active loop antennas of diameter 30 cm and 60 cm respectively, which typically operate in a frequency range from 9 kHz to 30 MHz. These antennas represent the main groups of antennas which are used around the world for EMC measurements in the frequency range below 30 MHz. There are several well-known methods for calibrating the antenna factor of these devices.
The calibration systems used in this comparison for the loop antennas employed the standard magnetic field method or the three-antenna method. Despite the limitations of the algorithm, which we used to derive the reference value for each case (particularly for small samples), the actual calculated reference values seem to be reasonable. As a result, the agreement between each participant was very good in all cases.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Measuring Environmental and Socio-economic Impact of Deforestation at Kalimantan Island
Authors: Nahib Irmadi , Trenggana Soma , Turmudi  , Suryanta Jaka , Munajati Sri Lestari , Windiastuti Rizka 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Indonesia’s forests in the period of 2000-2009 has been deforested by about 15.158 million ha out of 103.309 milion ha. Deforestation caused carbon emissions. One method for measuring emissions from deforestation and forest degradation is GeOSIRIS model. A modeled GeOSIRIS policy used a carbon payment system to incentivize emission reductions. Data used in this study were maps of forest cover in 2005 and 2010, map of deforestation 2005-2010, carbon and agricultural price and driver variables for deforestation such as slope, elevation, logarithmic distance to the nearest road or provincial capital, or the amount of area per pixel included in a national park, or a timber plantation. The result of this study showed rate of deforestation was 1.417 million ha/5 years (observed). The REDD policy could decrease deforestation in Kalimantan Island by 0.170 million ha (16.70%), with assumption that international carbon price of US$ 10/tCO2e. The change of emissions due to REDD was 22.29%, or reduced emissions by 245.03 million tCO2e/5 years. Finally, Gross National Revenue from carbon payments (NPV 5 years) was US$ 2,450.34 billion, where incentivize emission reductions to sub-national entities (NPV, 5 years) was US$ 2,150.07 million and net central government surplus from carbon payments was US$ 300.26 million (NPV, 5 years).
Identifying the driving forces of urban expansion and its environmental impact in Jakarta-Bandung mega urban region
Authors: Pravitasari A E , Rustiadi E , Mulya S P , Setiawan Y , Fuadina L N , Murtadho A 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The socio-economic development in Jakarta-Bandung Mega Urban Region (JBMUR) caused the increasing of urban expansion and led to a variety of environmental damage such as uncontrolled land use conversion and raising anthropogenic disaster. The objectives of this study are: (1) to identify the driving forces of urban expansion that occurs on JBMUR and (2) to analyze the environmental quality decline on JBMUR by producing time series spatial distribution map and spatial autocorrelation of floods and landslide as the proxy of anthropogenic disaster. The driving forces of urban expansion in this study were identified by employing Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model using 6 (six) independent variables, namely: population density, percentage of agricultural land, distance to the center of capital city/municipality, percentage of household who works in agricultural sector, distance to the provincial road, and distance to the local road. The GWR results showed that local demographic, social and economic factors including distance to the road spatially affect urban expansion in JBMUR. The time series spatial distribution map of floods and landslide event showed the spatial cluster of anthropogenic disaster in some areas. Through Local Moran Index, we found that environmental damage in one location has a significant impact on the condition of its surrounding area.
Small group discussion to promote reflection and social change: A case study of a Half the Sky intervention in India
Authors: Kogen Lauren 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
An important sub-discipline within the field of Communication and Social Change addresses how meaningful participation can be practically implemented. This article presents the case of an intervention developed by the NGO ‘Half the Sky Movement’ and reflects upon how participation took shape within a primarily top-down program model. The design of the project bridges traditional, outsider-led and participatory, bottom-up design. The project accomplishes this by focusing on small group discussion and short videos as catalysts for reflection. In addition, the data suggest that storytelling may be particularly helpful for promoting engaged discussion and critical reflection.
The Geometric Structure of Symplectic Contraction
Authors: Lane Jeremy 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe show that the symplectic contraction map of Hilgert–Manon–Martens [9], a symplectic version of Popov’s horospherical contraction, is simply the quotient of a Hamiltonian manifold $M$ by a “stratified null foliation” that is determined by the group action and moment map. We also show that the quotient differential structure on the symplectic contraction of $M$ supports a Poisson bracket. We end by proving a very general description of the topology of fibers of Gelfand–Zeitlin (also spelled Gelfand–Tsetlin or Gelfand–Cetlin) systems on multiplicity-free Hamiltonian $U(n)$ and $SO(n)$ manifolds.
Primary care provider adherence to an alert for intensification of diabetes blood pressure medications before and after the addition of a “chart closure” hard stop
Authors: Ramirez Magaly , Maranon Richard , Fu Jeffery , Chon Janet S , Chen Kimberly , Mangione Carol M , Moreno Gerardo , Bell Douglas S 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate provider responses to a narrowly targeted “Best Practice Advisory” (BPA) alert for the intensification of blood pressure medications for persons with diabetes before and after implementation of a “chart closure” hard stop, which is non-interruptive but demands an action or dismissal before the chart can be closed.Materials and MethodsWe designed a BPA that fired alerts within an electronic health record (EHR) system during outpatient encounters for patients with diabetes when they had elevated blood pressures and were not on angiotensin receptor blocking medications. The BPA alerts were implemented in eight primary care practices within UCLA Health. We compared data on provider responses to the alerts before and after implementing a “chart closure” hard stop, and we conducted chart reviews to adjudicate each alert’s appropriateness.ResultsProviders responded to alerts more often after the “chart closure” hard stop was implemented (P &lt; .001). Among 284 alert firings over 16 months, we judged 107 (37.7%) to be clinically unnecessary or inappropriate based on chart review. Among the remainder, which represent clear opportunities for treatment, providers ordered the indicated medication more often (41% vs 75%) after the “chart closure” hard stop was implemented (P = .001).DiscussionThe BPA alerts for diabetes and blood pressure control achieved relatively high specificity. The “chart closure” hard stop improved provider attention to the alerts and was effective at getting patients treated when they needed it.ConclusionTargeting specific omitted medication classes can produce relatively specific alerts that may reduce alert fatigue, and using a “chart closure” hard stop may prompt providers to take action without excessively disrupting their workflow.
LINKS BETWEEN MATERNAL AND ADOLESCENTS’ CANNABIS USE AMONG THE INUIT OF NUNAVIK
Authors: Simard Alexandra , Forget-Dubois Nadine , Muckle Gina , Belanger Richard 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Inuit from Nunavik, Northern Quebec, show some of the highest prevalence of cannabis use in the world, particularly for youths. Based on the ecological system theory, family (the more proximal unit to adolescents) is susceptible to influence their behaviors the most.

OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to examine, among the Inuit population from Nunavik, the association between maternal use of cannabis and the subsequent use of this substance by their children while adolescents.

DESIGN/METHODS
This study was based on longitudinal data from the Nunavik Child Development Study (endorsed by community and public health stakeholders; approved by ethic research boards from 2 North American Universities). We use data from two follow-ups, between 2005 and 2010 (T1: time 1 – children aged between 8–15 years-old), and between 2012 and 2016 (T2: time 2 – adolescents aged 16–21 years-old). Structured interviews were used to assess cannabis use and other concomitant variables among mothers at T1, and for adolescents at T2. Our final sample included 184 mother-adolescent dyads. Hypotheses that exposure to an increased frequency of maternal cannabis use at the end of childhood will be associated with 1) earlier initiation of cannabis during adolescence, and 2) will increase the frequency of cannabis use by youths, were tested with Cox regression analyses and ordinal regressions, taking into account socioeconomic status (T1), gender, and student status of adolescents(T2).

RESULTS
About seven out of ten Inuit adolescent participants reported having used cannabis during the previous year of T2, and about 45% of users consumed daily. Among the adolescents who answered the initiation age question, 60% had used it before reaching 14 years. Associations between mother’s frequency of cannabis use at T1 and 1) adolescents’ initiation age to cannabis and 2) adolescents’ frequency of cannabis use were not statistically significant. Higher socioeconomic status and student status were associated with lower risk of cannabis use by youths.

CONCLUSION
Among a group of adolescents where cannabis use is highly prevalent, we were unable to highlight the impact from maternal substance use on subsequent behavior of their children while adolescents. Yet, key determinants already known to influence cannabis use among southern populations seem to be also relevant to the Inuit population from Nunavik. Common Aboriginal wisdom that it takes a village to raise a child seems to apply to cannabis use as well.
CLINICIAN KNOWLEDGE, COMFORT, AND PERCEIVED BARRIERS IN TREATING TRANS PATIENTS WITHIN A TERTIARY CARE PEDIATRIC CENTRE
Authors: Butler Kat , Johnson Natasha 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Historically, there have been numerous barriers to trans people - including youth - in terms of their access to health care in a variety of settings. Trans-specific care for youth is sparse across the country with long wait lists to access care. Further, there is a known period of vulnerability for trans people who have decided to access transition support and have not yet received it.

OBJECTIVES
This needs assessment survey was a first step to assess what training clinicians have received regarding working with trans patients, how comfortable they are working with trans patients, and what might be barriers to providing good care to trans patients. Addressing clinician perceived barriers may improve access to care.

DESIGN/METHODS
A 36-question survey was distributed electronically to faculty within the departments of paediatrics and psychiatry and to paediatric residents. The anonymous survey was designed to take approximately 10 minutes. The questions covered the topics of training, comfort, and practice. Data was analysed descriptively, and will be used to inform future educational sessions. Results are reported in the following areas: Training, Comfort, Practice, Barriers and Facilitators.

RESULTS
38 clinicians completed the survey (29 faculty, 7 residents). 16% reported having received training in trans-specific care. 86% indicated interest in training in trans-related care, with the majority favouring grand rounds (74%) and online modules (71%) as learning formats.
22 respondents (58%) felt ‘comfortable’ or ‘very comfortable’ in assessing overall health of trans patients. More than 40% of respondents responded ‘not applicable’ to questions about prescription of puberty blockers/exogenous sex hormones, indicating that they consider this outside of their scope of practice.
82% of respondents agreed that they were aware of colleagues to whom they could refer trans patients. Two respondents (5%) indicated that they regularly provide trans-specific care. One respondent (3%) indicated having a religious and/or cultural objection to providing trans-specific health care. Most respondents reported using patients’ preferred names and gender in verbal communication (89%) and when documenting (78%). 68% of respondents indicated that they would mirror language used by patients or try to use gender-neutral language when discussing anatomy.
Ten participants with experience in caring for trans patients identified a variety of facilitating factors. It was noted that this is “rewarding work” and “very much needed”. 76% cited a ‘lack of training in trans-specific care’ as the primary barrier.

CONCLUSION
Information collected from the survey will assist us in creating appropriate educational sessions for the relevant departments. It is hoped that addressing clinician perceived barriers will facilitate better access to care amongst a group of patients that has historically been marginalized within health care.