bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Inclusion of National Sexuality Education Standards Utilizing a Systematic Analysis of Teen Dating Violence Prevention Curriculum
Authors: Wilson Kelly L. , Szucs Leigh E. , Shipley Meagan , Fehr Sara K. , McNeill Elisa B. , Wiley David C. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDViolent behaviors have devastating impacts on youth and adolescents. National standards offer a framework for age and developmentally appropriate health education expectations. This study provides findings from a systematic review and analysis of teen dating violence (TDV) prevention curricula using National Sexuality Education Standards (NSES) and National Health Education Standards (NHES).METHODSEvidence‐based and/or practice informed interventions for TDV prevention were compiled and analyzed. We used a standardized review instrument to analyze each curriculum (N = 11); each curriculum was reviewed independently and results met inter‐rater agreement requirements. Data were analyzed to determine NSES and NHES inclusion.RESULTSThis study provides findings from the TDV prevention curriculum analysis using the NSES. Five NSES topic areas were addressed in the TDV prevention curriculum and included personal safety, healthy relationships, identity, sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficieny virus, and pregnancy and reproduction. Personal safety was the most included topic and ranged from 37% to 77%. Healthy relationships were the second most included NSES and ranged from 11% to 53%. Inclusions of NHES skills, as they are embedded within the NSES, are identified.CONCLUSIONSCurricula decision‐makers gain insight by conducting reviews before recommendations are made or the adoption process is complete. The NSES and NHES support expectations for TDV prevention and can guide curricula adoption for a school or district. School professionals should work together to ensure TDV prevention curricula complements sexuality education units. While TDV curricula may cover critical topics, a singular focus on one content area cannot replace comprehensive sexuality education.
Who Suffers Most From Being Involved in Bullying—Bully, Victim, or Bully‐Victim?
Authors: Mark Lauraliisa , Värnik Airi , Sisask Merike 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBullying has been associated with many mental health problems. The effect of bullying has been found to be affected by the way students are involved in bullying. The purpose of the study was to explore the association between mental well‐being, hopelessness, and being involved in bullying (as a bully, victim, or bully‐victim), and to detect more harmful bullying types to students' mental well‐being.METHODSThe study was conducted among Estonian students from grades 5 to 9 (N = 2048). The survey was nationwide, cross‐sectional, anonymous, and web‐based by nature. Mental well‐being was assessed by using WHO‐5 well‐being index and hopelessness by 1‐item Beck Hopelessness Scale.RESULTSThe odds for being severely distressed (ie, students expressing both poor mental well‐being and hopelessness) were greater for both sexes bullying others and being victims of bullying. For bully‐victims the odds were greater for girls only. The victims of extensive cyber bullying expressed the lowest level of mental well‐being for both sexes.CONCLUSIONSBoys might be the most vulnerable if being pure victims, while girls if being bully‐victims. More attention should be paid to cyber bullying, as victims of extensive cyber bullying had the lowest level of mental well‐being.
Comparing Physical Activity Behavior of Children During School Between Balanced and Traditional School Day Schedules
Authors: Clark Andrew F. , Wilk Piotr , Gilliland Jason A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSome Canadian schools have modified their daily schedules from the traditional school day (TSD) schedule (two 15‐minute breaks and one 60‐minute break) to a balanced school day (BSD) schedule (two 40‐minute breaks). While this change increases daily planning and instructional time, it also changes the amount of time available for moderate‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA).METHODSThis study uses a case‐control design to examine differences in objectively measured MVPA between children in 3 schools using a BSD schedule and 3 schools using a TSD schedule. Study participants (aged 10‐12 years) were recruited from schools in Ontario, Canada.RESULTSRegardless of schedule type, girls had lower MVPA than boys, and as both boys and girls got older their MVPA significantly decreased. The findings indicate there was no statistically significant difference in the total minutes of in‐school MVPA between children from BSD schools and children from TSD schools. MVPA was significantly higher for older girls attending BSD schools than older girls attending TSD schools, suggesting that implementing a BSD may help curb declining MVPA as girls enter adolescence.CONCLUSIONDespite encouraging findings, more rigorous studies (ie, pre‐post experiments with control) are needed to better understand how changing schedules impacts children's health.
Barriers to the implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis in children in endemic settings: A review
Authors: Grace Samuel G 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIsoniazid preventive therapy is one of the key interventions in reducing the risk of active disease among children exposed to tuberculosis. However, initiation and maintenance of this treatment is poor in many areas. This review summarises the existing literature on barriers to implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy for tuberculosis in children in endemic settings. MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases were used to search for primary research studies published between 1998 and 2018, specifically mentioning isoniazid preventive therapy, tuberculosis and children. Barriers identified in most study settings included absence of parental risk perception, health‐care worker knowledge gaps and treatment access. Focusing on patient‐centred care, enhancing community and health‐care worker education and securing stable medication supply to effectively deliver this therapy is crucial in order to reduce childhood morbidity and mortality from tuberculosis.
Q fever vaccination of children in Australia: Limited experience to date
Authors: Armstrong Mark , Francis Josh , Robson Jenny , Graves Stephen , Mills Deborah , Ferguson John , Nourse Clare 
Published: January 2019

AimQ fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both adults and children. Australia is the only country that has produced and registered a Q fever vaccine for human use, but this vaccine is licenced only for people aged over 15 years as data and experience in children are limited. This review describes the experience of Q fever vaccination of known paediatric cases in Australia to date.MethodsPatients aged younger than 15 years who received the Q fever vaccination had data abstracted from medical records after consent was obtained from the relevant guardians. Data on risk factors for Q fever, skin testing procedure, dose of vaccination, adverse effects and follow‐up assessment were obtained.ResultsTwelve children were identified as having received the Q fever vaccination. Vaccination was feasible, with empirical weight‐based dose adjustment performed for younger children. There were no significant adverse effects.ConclusionsQ fever vaccine may be safe in children and should be considered in children who are at significant risk of Q fever infection. Safe vaccine protocols with proven efficacy will allow children of all ages to be protected. Prospective studies of vaccination in children are indicated. Expanding available Q fever registries to include children would allow outcomes to be systematically followed.
Standard concentration infusions of inotropic and vasoactive drugs in paediatric intensive care: a strategy for patient safety
Authors: Barreto Heloisa Arruda Gomm , Sestren Bianca , Boergen-Lacerda Roseli , Soares Leonardo Cavadas da Costa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using different standard concentration infusions for high-alert inotropic and vasoactive drugs in paediatric intensive care units (ICUs).

Methods
Retrospective data analysis was performed on drug prescriptions for patients in paediatric ICUs. A matrix was developed based on optimal concentration recommendations for each drug, taking into consideration solution stability and patient safety. Hypothetical volumes were calculated for three standard solutions (high concentration – HC, low concentration – LC and fluid restriction – FR) and compared to the actual administered volumes to evaluate the impact of the volumes of each standard solution for varying weight ranges in paediatric care. Finally, a risk assessment of the standard infusions was conducted using the NPSA 20 tool along with an assessment of the pharmacoeconomic impact.

Key findings
The results suggest the need for at least two standard concentrations for each of the studied drugs in order to attend to the different weight ranges and clinical conditions of paediatric patients in intensive care.

Conclusions
High concentration is ideal for patients up to 20 kg. For patients over 20 kg, FR is recommended, while LC should only be used in specific situations. Modifying the hospital pharmacotherapy system to include standard solutions is safer and reduces the risks of adverse effects. The pharmacoeconomic analysis did not show any impact on costs, although a reduction in adverse effects should be considered.
Cyber‐physical approach to the optimization of semiactive structural control under multiple earthquake ground motions
Authors: Zhang Ruiyang , Phillips Brian M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a cyber‐physical approach to optimize the semiactive control of a base‐isolated structure under a suite of earthquakes. The approach uses numerical search algorithms to guide the exploration of the design space and real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) to evaluate candidate designs, creating a framework for real‐time hybrid optimization (RHTO). By supplanting traditional numerical analysis (i.e., finite element methods) with RTHS, structural components that are difficult to model can be represented accurately while still capturing global structural performance. The efficiency of RTHO is improved for multiple design excitations with the creation of a multiinterval particle swarm optimization (MI‐PSO) algorithm. As a proof‐of‐concept, RTHO is applied to improve the seismic performance of a base‐isolated structure with supplemental control. The proposed RTHO framework with MI‐PSO is a versatile technique for multivariate optimization under multiple excitations. It is well suited for the accurate and rapid evaluation of structures with nonlinear experimental substructures, in particular, those that do not undergo permanent damage such as structural control devices. The RTHO framework integrates popular optimization algorithms with advanced experimental methods, creating an exciting new cyber‐physical approach to design.
Evaluation of time and resources required for professional dental cleaning in nursing home residents
Authors: Barbe Anna Greta , Kottmann Hannah Elisa , Müller Dirk , Simic Dusan , Derman Sonja Henny Maria , Wicht Michael Jochen , Noack Michael Johannes 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAimWe aimed to describe time requirements and costs associated with professional dental cleaning (PDC) performed by a dental nurse in one German nursing home, and to reveal potential differences in required time for demented versus nondemented and mobile versus immobile residents.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective, cross‐sectional analysis of treatment time and costs, including a transparent, easily adaptable path of action that allows implementation of PDC in nursing homes. Total mean (±SD) treatment time for one session per resident was documented, including differences in demented and immobile residents, and projected treatment costs (€/$) per resident. We found no differences in required time for one PDC (37 ± 11 minutes) in residents with or without dementia (P = 0.803) or, immobile versus mobile residents (P = 0.396). Mean projected treatment costs of PDC were €14.98/$17.07 per resident per cleaning session, resulting in total costs of €13.5 million ($15.4 million).ConclusionCognitive status and mobility does not affect the mean time required to perform PDC by a dental nurse in nursing home residents. Main cost factor is working time of dental staff; consumable supplies have less impact. Our data may stimulate to include PDC as initial step toward implementation of long‐term oral hygiene strategies.
Intensive care nurses’ perceptions of various ethics concerns affecting clinical research
Authors: Karjalainen Hannaleena , Halkoaho Arja , Pietilä Anna‐Maija , Bendel Stepani , Keränen Tapani 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundIntensive‐care unit (ICU) nurses have an important role in the recruitment of patients for scientific research and in the performance of clinical research.AimA study was conducted to examine ICU nurses’ perceptions of ethics‐related aspects of ICU‐based research. The study focused on nurse attitudes and knowledge related to clinical research, with special emphasis on perceptions of the informed‐consent process in ICU research.MethodThe study applied a descriptive qualitative approach, involving semi‐structured group interviews and theme‐based inductive content analysis. Subjects were ICU nurses (n = 28) at a university hospital ICU who had experience with research protocols applied in that unit.FindingsThe nurses had mainly positive perceptions of clinical studies. They found research beneficial for future patients and for society. The nurses considered the information given to them about the studies inadequate. They were concerned about the fact that the consent for research is almost always obtained at the beginning of the ICU care, when patients and relatives are still in the crisis period. This limits the possibility of understanding and assimilating the information provided on the study.ConclusionsThe role of ICU nurses in clinical studies should be more prominent and taken into account in the planning of ICU studies.
Struggling for a dignifying care: experiences of being next of kin to patients in home health care
Authors: Søvde Bente Egge , Hovland Gro , Ullebust Berit , Råholm Maj‐Britt 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundHome healthcare services are becoming more complex as a result of changing demographics in society and patients having multiple health problems requiring advanced nursing care. Next of kin often experience that they put their own life on hold, and may feel that they stand alone when life takes an unexpected turn.AimThe aim of this study was to explore next of kin's views of dignity in home healthcare services.MethodsThis study has a qualitative approach and content analysis was applied. The purposeful sample consisted of next of kin to patients who received services from home healthcare or in nursing homes (n = 11). One focus group was conducted in 2016.ResultsFive themes emerged from the data analysis concerning struggling for a dignifying care in home healthcare services: Indignity implies double vulnerability, desire for respect and recognition, experiencing responsibility for a dignifying life, undignifying care due to lack of competence, and the home as a common sanctuary is gradually lost.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of ensuring dignity in care for patients living at home. Next of kin should be seen as a partner with the need for recognition and support. Maintaining human dignity for loved ones requires competence, respect and recognition.
Comparison of wiping methods for the removal of cleaning agent residue from hair follicles
Authors: Aoki Miku , Ogai Kazuhiro , Matsumoto Masaru , Susa Haruka , Yamada Kotoko , Yamatake Takafumi , Kobayashi Masato , Sugama Junko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed to clarify the influence of different wiping methods on cleaning agent residue in hair follicles when using skin cleaning agents that are “removable‐by‐wiping.”MethodsA total of 18 male volunteers were recruited and a cleaning agent containing 10% fluorescein sodium salt (cleaning agent) was used in this study. After gentle washing, the cleaning agent was removed via the washing method (control) or three distinct wiping methods (experiment). Hairs were obtained from the measurement area. The fluorescence intensities of the residual cleaning agent on the hair root and hair bulb were then evaluated after normalizing for autofluorescence from the hair. Fluorescence intensity was used to estimate the amount of cleaning agent residue.ResultsNo significant differences were found among cleaning agent removal methods (hair root: P = 0.67, hair bulb: P = 0.62) with respect to the amount of residual cleaning agent on hair.ConclusionCleaning agent residual index did not differ according to removal method. Cleaning agent remained in the hair follicle (hair roots, hair bulbs) despite removal from the skin by washing or wiping. Further studies are required to apply “removable‐by‐wiping” cleaning agents for people with vulnerable skin.
Early evolution of Nemopteridae illuminated with the first and oldest thread‐winged lacewing in Cretaceous amber
Authors: Lu Xiumei , Wang Bo , Yang Shiyan , Liu Xingyue 
Published: January 2019

AbstractNemopteridae are a charismatic family of lacewings distinguished by specialization of morphology in both larvae and adults as well as in their biology and behaviour. The evolutionary history of Nemopteridae is largely unknown due to the scarcity of fossil records. Here we report a new genus and species of Nemopteridae (Cretocroce xiai gen. et sp.n.) based on an exquisitely preserved adult specimen in mid‐Cretaceous Burmese amber. We place the new genus in the subfamily Crocinae, which is characterized by filamentous hindwings with a sensory function as an adaptation to their cavernicolous habitats. The new genus represents the first nemopterid in amber and the oldest crocine known to date. The new fossil crocine is nearly morphologically unchanged over 99 Ma compared with its modern counterparts. Moreover, it is estimated to be closely related to some extant crocines endemic to South America based on morphological phylogenetic analysis. The new finding provides direct evidence to demonstrate the antiquity of Crocinae morphological innovation and related biology, such as pollenophagous habits, and further corroborates Gondwanan origin of the subfamily.The published work has been registered on ZooBank:
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:3D29DE48‐DBD8‐4614‐8387‐D9FCF90B0640.
Suppression of tryptophan synthase activates cotton immunity by triggering cell death via promoting SA synthesis
Authors: Miao Yuhuan , Xu Lian , He Xin , Zhang Lin , Shaban Muhammad , Zhang Xianlong , Zhu Longfu 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPrimary metabolism plays an important role in plant growth and development, however the relationship between primary metabolism and the adaptive immune response is largely unknown. Here, we employed RNA interference (RNAi), virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, phytohormone profiling, genetic studies, and transcriptome and metabolome analysis to investigate the function of the tryptophan synthesis pathway in the resistance of cotton to V. dahliae. We found that knock‐down of GbTSA1 (Tryptophan Synthase α) and GbTSB1 (tryptophan synthase β) induced a spontaneous cell death phenotype in a salicylic acid (SA)‐dependent manner and enhanced resistance to V. dahliae in cotton plants. Metabolome analysis showed that indole and indolic metabolites were highly accumulated in GbTSA1‐ or GbTSB1‐silenced plants. Transcriptomic analysis showed that exogenous indole promotes the expression levels of genes involved in SA synthesis and the defense response. Similarly, indole application strongly enhanced cotton resistance to V. dahliae. These results suggested that metabolic intermediates in the Trp synthesis pathway may be a signal to activate SA synthesis. These results also provided a strategy to elicit plant defense responses by the application of indole.
A Conceptual Study for the Smallest Possible Diesel Engine: Potential and Limitations
Authors: Jeihouni Yousef , Dhongde Avnish , Sankhla Harsh , Franke Michael 
Published: January 2019

Downsizing of engines is a major area of interest in the combustion engines sector due to a variety of reasons, chief among which is the CO2 emission reduction due to increased power to weight ratio. Furthermore, the introduction of various auxiliary devices into an automotive product, as well as increased acoustic insulation, necessitate continuous trimming of the engine packaging space. In this paper, the potential and limitations of downsizing diesel engines to very small displacements is studied. The goal of the article is to determine the minimum displacement a diesel engine can achieve, given the limitations posed by state-of-the-art technology. At the same time, the objective is the maximization of power density with acceptable levels of fuel consumption. While the investigations focused on the thermodynamic behavior of downsizing, structural aspects were also considered.
On the basis of a literature study, the article illustrates the benchmarking of existing small gasoline and diesel engines for different applications. Thereafter, a matrix of engine configurations, which were relevant to the investigations, was generated. This included, among others, various bore / stroke combinations, compression ratios, piston and nozzle geometries, as well as valve diameters. Further, the influence of injection pressure, swirl and air-fuel ratio were included in the study. With the aid of the 1D simulation software GT-Power and the 3D CFD code Kiva-3V, a detailed thermodynamic analysis was performed on the chosen variants.
In the results detailed in this article, a promising downsizing potential for a cylinder displacement well below 200cm3/cylinder has been established. Further, best-in-class power densities at acceptable fuel consumption levels could be achieved. This opens up the possibility for the application of such small diesel engines in a new range of applications. The challenges on the thermodynamic and structural fronts, which need to be met in order to achieve targets, are also highlighted.