bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additive‐Free Nb2O5−TiO2 Hybrid Anode towards Low‐Cost and Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Green Electrode Material Produced in an Environmentally Friendly Process
Authors: Mokhlesur Rahman Md , Zhou Mengqi , Sultana Irin , Mateti Srikanth , Falin Alexey , Li Lu Hua. , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Chen Ying 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of additive‐free electrodes based on low‐cost and environmentally friendly materials is one of the major challenges for expanding sustainable and ecologically friendly energy storage. Most conventional electrode preparation processes are currently facing a problem: the addition of various additives/chemicals, particularly binder, carbon black and toxic N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone. These additives increase the production cost, decrease the energy and power density of the battery and are environmental hazards. Herein, a Nb2O5−TiO2 hybrid electrode for lithium‐ion batteries is fabricated by adopting the advanced radio frequency sputtering technique, which requires no supplementary support from additives/chemicals. The Nb2O5−TiO2 electrode reveals high capacity (gravimetric: 214 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1; areal: 0.0214 mAh cm−2 at 5 μA cm−2; volumetric: 1,813 mAh cm−3 at 5 μA cm−2), long‐term cyclic stability (gravimetric: 174 mAh g−1 at 0.4 A g−1; areal: 0.0174 mAh cm−2 at 40 μA cm−2; volumetric:1,474 mAh cm−3 at 40 μA cm−2 after 1000 cycles) and superior rate capability (gravimetric: 115 mAh g−1 at 6.0 A g−1; areal: 0.0115 mAh cm−2 at 6 mA cm−2; volumetric: 974 mAh cm−3 at 6 mA cm−2), which are better than other reported systems. Such a green chemistry strategy of fabricating additive‐free electrodes opens up new ways for the development of sustainable and robust energy storage technologies.
Imidazolium‐Based Protic Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Stettner Timo , Walter Florian C. , Balducci Andrea 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProtic ionic liquids (PILs) have been indicated as a promising class of ionic liquids (ILs) for the realization of high‐performance lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this work we synthesize four different PILs containing the imidazolium‐based cations 1,2‐Dimethylimidazolium (1,2‐DMim+) and 1‐Methylimidazolium (1‐Mim+), and the anions bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI−) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−). We show that these PILs display good conductivities and low viscosities and that they can be successfully used in combination with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) electrodes. Among the investigated electrolytes, 0.5 M LiTFSI in 1,2‐DMImTFSI appears as the most promising candidate for the realization of systems with high capacity retentions at high C‐rates and high cycling stabilities.
Effect of renal ischemia on urinary excretion of lithium in rats
Authors: Uwai Yuichi , Suzuki Takato , Kondo Ryota , Kawasaki Tatsuya , Nabekura Tomohiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLithium, administered to patients with bipolar disorders, is mainly excreted in the urine, and tubular reabsorption is involved. This study characterized the renal excretion of lithium in rats subjected to renal ischemia for 60 min or 90 min. After intravenous injection of lithium chloride at 25 mg/kg, the pharmacokinetic parameters of lithium were determined. In sham‐operated rats, the renal clearance of lithium was calculated to be 1.49 ml/min/kg, and its ratio to creatinine clearance (fractional excretion) was 43.4%. Renal ischemia inhibited the renal excretion of lithium, and did not affect its fractional excretion. The urinary pH of rats with renal ischemia for 90 min was significantly higher than those of the other groups, and the linear regression with the fractional excretion of lithium in rats with renal ischemia showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.650, p = 0.00193). This study demonstrated the effect of renal ischemia on the renal excretion of lithium in rats. It was suggested that not only glomerular filtration but also the reabsorption of lithium was impaired by renal ischemia.
Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 by Novel Strategies for Gene Therapy
Authors: Wang Le , Zheng Wenfu , Liu Shaoqin , Li Bing , Jiang Xingyu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPrecise editing of the genome of a living body is a goal pursued by scientists in many fields. In recent years, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas (CRISPR‐associated) genome‐editing systems have become a revolutionary toolbox for gene editing across various species. However, the low transfection efficiency of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo is a big obstacle hindering wide and deep application. In this review, recently developed delivery strategies for various CRISPR/Cas9 formulations and their applications in treating gene‐related diseases are briefly summarized. This review should inspire others to explore more efficient strategies for CRISPR system delivery and gene therapy.
Mechanism of the Dinuclear Iron Enzyme p‐Aminobenzoate N‐oxygenase from Density Functional Calculations
Authors: Wei Wen‐Jie , Siegbahn Per E. M. , Liao Rong‐Zhen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAurF is a diiron enzyme that utilizes two dioxygen molecules as the oxidant to catalyze the oxidation of p‐aminobenzoate to p‐nitrobenzoate. Density functional calculations were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism of this enzyme. Two different models were considered, with the oxygenated intermediate being a diferric peroxo species or a diferric hydroperoxo species. The calculations strongly favor the model with a diferric peroxo species and support the mechanism proposed by Bollinger and co‐workers. The reaction starts with the binding of a dioxygen molecule to the diferrous center to generate a diferric peroxide complex. This is followed by the cleavage of the O−O bond, concertedly with the formation of the first N−O bond, which has a barrier of only 9.2 kcal/mol. Subsequently, the first‐shell ligand Glu227 abstracts a proton from the substrate. After the delivery of two electrons from the external reductant and two protons from solution, a water molecule and the experimentally suggested intermediate p‐hydroxylaminobenzoate are produced and the diferrous center is regenerated. The oxidation of the p‐hydroxylaminobenzoate intermediate requires the binding of a second dioxygen molecule to the diferrous center to generate the diferric peroxide complex. Similarly to the oxidation of p‐aminobenzoate, the O−O bond cleavage and the formation of the second N−O bond take place in a concerted step. The p‐nitrobenzoate product is formed after the release of two protons and two electrons from the substrate. The model with a hydroperoxo species gave a much high barrier of 28.7 kcal/mol for the substrate oxidation due to the large energy penalty for the generation of the active hydroperoxo species.
In Situ O2 Generation for Biocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization Reactions
Authors: Hoschek Anna , Schmid Andreas , Bühler Bruno 
Published: November 2018

AbstractO2‐dependent whole‐cell bioprocesses, such as C−H oxyfunctionalizations, are constrained by technically limited O2 mass transfer and biocatalyst‐inherent O2 respiration. In large‐scale bioprocesses, this restricts the maximum achievable productivity to 5.6 gproduct L−1 h−1 assuming a resting cell concentration of 9.4 gCDW L−1. This concept paper discusses strategies to enhance the O2 availability for biocatalytic oxyfunctionalizations with a focus on the in situ generation of O2 from water. This promising approach was addressed recently by the exploitation of microbial photosynthesis for light‐driven C−H oxyfunctionalization. Via intracellular O2 evolution, phototrophic biocatalysts increase the maximum achievable productivity well beyond technical boundaries. This fundamental advantage over O2‐respiring biocatalysts now awaits scale‐up evaluations, combining established cultivation technologies for phototrophic organisms with bioprocessing techniques for heterotrophic organisms.
g‐C3N4/CeO2/Fe3O4 Ternary Composite as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Rashid Jamshaid , Parveen Nadia , Haq Tanveer ul , Iqbal Aneela , Talib Shamraiz Hussain , Awan Saif Ullah , Hussain Naveed , Zaheer Muhammad 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe report the very first example of a catalyst based on a ternary composite of graphitic carbonitride (g‐C3N4), ceria (CeO2) and magnetite (Fe3O4) for overall water splitting in 1.0 M KOH. Synergy between the components due to electronic effects results in a highly efficient catalyst which catalyzes Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) at substantially low overpotentials (400 mV and 310 mV respectively) to produce benchmark current density (10 mA cm−2). OER activity of the catalysts surpasses that of the benchmark RuO2 catalyst at higher current densities (≥50 mA cm−2). The composite catalyst is stable and shows a Faraday efficiency of 98 % for OER. Overall water splitting was achieved at an overpotential of 1.94 V which is substantially high at 1 wt % loading of active metal.
NiCo2S4 Nanorod Arrays Supported on Carbon Textile as a Free‐Standing Electrode for Stable and Long‐Life Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Hu Anjun , Long Jianping , Shu Chaozhu , Xu Chenxi , Yang Tingshuai , Liang Ranxi , Li Jiabao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDesigning and constructing an effective and efficient oxygen electrode plays a pivotal role in the successful development of lithium‐oxygen (Li−O2) batteries. Herein, NiCo2S4 nanorod arrays directly grown on carbon textile (R‐NCS/CT) is successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal route and systematically studied for the first time as a free‐standing electrode in Li−O2 electrochemical systems. The R‐NCS/CT based Li−O2 battery achieves a low charge overpotential (1.17 V), a high discharge capacity (4506 mA h g−1), and improved cycle life (500 cycles). These improvements can be attributed to both, the unique architecture design of the electrodes for facilitating the rapid oxygen diffusion and electrolyte penetration and superior activity of oxygen electrode kinetics of NiCo2S4 nanorods. To some extent, the optimization of the catalyst composition and design of the electrode structures provide a guidance for further development of more stable and efficient cathodes for Li−O2 batteries.
Assignment of the Absolute‐Handedness Chirality of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Using Organic Molecule Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Abd El‐Mageed Ahmed I. A. , Handayani Murni , Chen Zhijin , Inose Tomoko , Ogawa Takuji 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSupramolecular structures of organic molecules on planar nanocarbon surfaces, such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), have been extensively studied and the factors that control them are generally well‐established. In contrast, the properties of supramolecular structures on curved nanocarbon surfaces like carbon nanotubes remain challenging to predict and/or to understand. This paper reports an investigation into the first study of the supramolecular structures of 5,15‐bisdodecylporphyrin (C12P) on chiral, concentrated single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs; with right‐handed helix P‐ and left‐handed helix M‐) surfaces using STM. Furthermore, the study is the first of its kind to experimentally assign the absolute‐handedness chirality of SWNTs, as well as to understand their effect on the supramolecular structures of organic molecules on their surfaces. Interestingly, these SWNT enantiomers resulted in supramolecular structures of opposite chirality based on the handedness chirality. With molecular modelling, we predicted the absolute‐handedness chirality of SWNTs, before demonstrating this experimentally.
Catalyst‐Controlled Dual Reactivity of Sulfonimidamides: Synthesis of Propargylamines and N‐Propargyl Sulfonimidamides
Authors: C. P. Irfana Jesin , Nandi Ganesh Chandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSulfonimidamides (SIAs) are acting both as surrogate amines and nucleophiles depending on the reaction conditions to access propargylamines and N‐propargyl SIAs, respectively. The amine part of SIAs has been cleaved in an InCl3‐catalyzed three‐component A3 coupling reaction with aldehyde and acetylene to yield propargylamine. Moreover, N‐propargyl SIAs were obtained via the direct‐imination of propargyl alcohols in the presence of BF3⋅OEt2.
Anionic Siliconoids from Zintl Phases: R3Si9− with Six and R2Si92− with Seven Unsubstituted Exposed Silicon Cluster Atoms (R=Si(tBu)2H)
Authors: Schiegerl Lorenz J. , Karttunen Antti J. , Klein Wilhelm , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNeutral and anionic silicon clusters (siliconoids) are regarded as important model systems for bulk silicon surfaces. For 25 years their formation from binary alkali metal silicide phases has been proposed, but experimentally never realized. Herein the silylation of a silicide, leading to the anionic siliconoids (Si(tBu)2H)3Si9− (1 a) and (Si(tBu)2H)2Si92− (2 a) with the highest known number of ligand‐free silicon atoms is reported for the first time. The new anions are obtained in a one‐step reaction of K12Si17/NH3(liq.) and Si(tBu)2HCl/THF. Electrospray ionization spectrometry and 1H, 13C, 29Si, as well as 29Si‐HMBC (heteronuclear multiple bond correlation) NMR spectroscopy, confirm the attachment of three silyl groups at a [Si9]4− cluster under formation of 1 a, in accordance with calculated NMR shifts. During crystal growth the siliconoid di‐anion 2 a is formed. The single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination reveals that two silyl groups are connected to the deltahedral Si9 cluster core, revealing seven unsubstituted exposed silicon cluster atoms with a hemispheroidal coordination. The negative charges −1 and −2 are delocalized over the six and seven siliconoid Si atoms in 1 a and 2 a, respectively.
Recent advances in mass spectrometry imaging for multiomics application in neurology
Authors: Xu Guang , Li Jianjun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as a powerful tool for multiomics study in neurology. MSI combines the multichannel (m/z) measurement capability of mass spectrometers with a surface sampling process that allows for rapid probing and mapping of the characterized intact proteins, proteolytic digested peptides, released glycans, phospholipids, glycolipids, and small metabolites in brain tissues. The present review is focused on the application of MSI to the study of proteomics, glycomics, peptidomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics in mouse brain tissues.
Relative contributions and mapping of ventral tegmental area dopamine and GABA neurons by projection target in the rat
Authors: Breton Jocelyn M. , Charbit Annabelle R. , Snyder Benjamin J. , Fong Peter T. K. , Dias Elayne V. , Himmels Patricia , Lock Hagar , Margolis Elyssa B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a heterogeneous midbrain structure that contains dopamine (DA), GABA, and glutamate neurons that project to many different brain regions. Here, we combined retrograde tracing with immunocytochemistry against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) to systematically compare the proportion of dopaminergic and GABAergic VTA projections to 10 target nuclei: anterior cingulate, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortex; nucleus accumbens core, medial shell, and lateral shell; anterior and posterior basolateral amygdala; ventral pallidum; and periaqueductal gray. Overall, the non‐dopaminergic component predominated VTA efferents, accounting for more than 50% of all projecting neurons to each region except the nucleus accumbens core. In addition, GABA neurons contributed no more than 20% to each projection, with the exception of the projection to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray, where the GABAergic contribution approached 50%. Therefore, there is likely a significant glutamatergic component to many of the VTA's projections. We also found that VTA cell bodies retrogradely labeled from the various target brain regions had distinct distribution patterns within the VTA, including in the locations of DA and GABA neurons. Despite this patterned organization, VTA neurons comprising these different projections were intermingled and never limited to any one subregion. These anatomical results are consistent with the idea that VTA neurons participate in multiple distinct, parallel circuits that differentially contribute to motivation and reward. While attention has largely focused on VTA DA neurons, a better understanding of VTA subpopulations, especially the contribution of non‐DA neurons to projections, will be critical for future work.
Elongation of the CA1 field of the septal hippocampus in ungulates
Authors: Watson Charles , Binks Daniel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt is widely assumed that the hippocampal formation seen in laboratory rodents and in primates is typical of that seen in other mammals. We have tested this assumption by examining sections of brains of 56 mammals from 20 mammalian orders from images on the brainmuseum.org website. We found wide variation in the form of the hippocampal formation, the most extreme examples of which are seen in ungulates, which possess an unusual elongation of the distal CA1 of the septal hippocampus. This phenomenon has not previously been reported. In individual coronal sections of the brains of seven artiodactyl ungulates, the pyramidal layer of CA1 is four times as long as CA2 + CA3. In a perissodactyl ungulate (Burchell's zebra) the distal end of CA1 is so large that it forms a number of folds. A similar but less pronounced CA1 elongation was seen in the brains of 14 carnivores. A modest elongation of CA1 is also present in some other placental mammals, notably the elephant shrew, hyrax, capybara, beaver, and rabbit. The elongation was not present in brains of primates, marsupials, or monotremes. The distal part of CA1 has been shown to play a role in object integration into the spatial map. We hypothesize that the distal CA1 enlargement could serve to enhance the ability to integrate objects into spatial navigation, which would be an advantage for migrating herds of ungulates. We suggest that the remarkable elongation of Q5 CA1 represents a major evolutionary specialization in the ungulates.
Catalyst‐Substrate Effects on Biocompatible SABRE Hyperpolarization
Authors: Manoharan Anand , Rayner Peter J. , Fekete Marianna , Iali Wissam , Norcott Philip , Hugh Perry V. , Duckett Simon B. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe hyperpolarization technique, Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE), has the potential to improve clinical diagnosis by making molecular magnetic resonance imaging in vivo a reality. Essential to this goal is the ability to produce a biocompatible bolus for administration. We seek here to determine how the identity of the catalyst and substrate affects the cytotoxicity by in vitro study, in addition to reporting how the use of biocompatible solvent mixtures influence the polarization transfer efficiency. By illustrating this across five catalysts and 8 substrates, we are able to identify routes to produce a bolus with minimal cytotoxic effects.
Techniques for Intracranial Stereotaxic Injections of Adeno‐Associated Viral Vectors in Adult Mice
Authors: Keiser Megan S. , Chen Yong Hong , Davidson Beverly L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStereotaxic intracranial injection of viral vectors is a valuable technique to directly deliver genetic material to a specific population of cells in the central nervous system of a mouse model. This enables scientists to test candidate gene therapies or disease modulators that can then provide insight into the pathological mechanisms of disease. In this article, we present a standardized method of conducting intracranial stereotaxic injection of adeno‐associated virus into a specific brain region in a mouse model. Support protocols are provided for virus dialysis and testing new stereotaxic coordinates with dye. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Functional mechanism of tracheal relaxation, antiasthmatic, and toxicological studies of 6‐hydroxyflavone
Authors: Flores‐Flores Angélica , Estrada‐Soto Samuel , Millán‐Pacheco César , Bazán‐Perkins Blanca , Villalobos‐Molina Rafael , Moreno‐Fierros Leticia , Hernández‐Pando Rogelio , García‐Jiménez Sara , Rivera‐Leyva Julio César 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPreviously, we described tracheal rat rings relaxation by several flavonoids, being 6‐hydroxyflavone (6‐HOF) the most active derivative of the series. Thus, its mechanism of action was determined in an ex vivo tracheal rat ring bioassay. The anti‐asthmatic effect was assayed in in vivo OVAlbumin (OVA)‐sensitized guinea pigs. Finally, the toxicological profile of 6‐HOF was studied based on Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines with modifications. 6‐HOF–induced relaxation appears to be related with receptor‐operated calcium channel and voltage‐operated calcium channel blockade as the main mechanism of action, and also through the production of relaxant second messengers NO and cGMP. Molecular docking supports that 6‐HOF acts as calcium channel blocker and by activation of nitric oxide synthase. In addition, the in vivo anti‐asthmatic experiments demonstrate the dose‐dependent significant anti‐allergic effect of 6‐HOF induced by OVA, with best activity at 50 /kg. Finally, toxicological studies determined a LD50 > 2,000 mg/kg and, after 28 day of treatment with 6‐HOF (50 mg/kg) by intragastric route, mice did not exhibit evidence of any significant toxicity. In conclusion, experiments showed that 6‐HOF exerts significant relaxant activity through calcium channel blockade, and possibly, by NO/cGMP‐system stimulation on rat trachea, which interferes with the contraction mechanism of smooth muscle cells in the airways. In addition, the flavonoid shows potential anti‐asthmatic properties in an anti‐allergic pathway. Furthermore, because the pharmacological and safety evidence, we propose this flavonoid as lead for the development of a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of asthma and related respiratory diseases.