bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine Kinase Inhibition Augments Conducted Vasodilation and Prevents Left Ventricle Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction
Authors: Davila Alec , Tian Yanna , Czikora Istvan , Li Jie , Su Huabo , Huo Yuqing , Patel Vijay , Robinson Vincent , Kapuku Gaston , Weintraub Neal , Bagi Zsolt 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is often manifested as impaired cardiovascular reserve. We sought to determine if conducted vasodilation, which coordinates microvascular resistance longitudinally to match tissue metabolic demand, becomes compromised in HFpEF. We hypothesized that the metabolic vasodilator adenosine facilitates and that inhibition of ADK (adenosine kinase) augments conducted vasodilation for a more efficient myocardial perfusion and improved left ventricle (LV) diastolic function in HFpEF.

Methods and Results:
We assessed conducted vasodilation in obese ZSF1 rats that develop LV diastolic dysfunction and is used to model human HFpEF. Additionally, conducted vasodilation was measured in arterioles isolated from the right atrial appendages of patients with HFpEF. We found a markedly reduced conducted vasodilation both in obese ZSF1 rats and in patients with HFpEF. Impaired conducted vasodilation was accompanied by increased vascular ADK expression. Isolated rat and human arterioles incubated with adenosine (10 nmol/L) or ADK inhibitor ABT-702 (0.1 µmol/L) both displayed augmented conducted vasodilation. Treatment of obese ZSF1 rats with ABT-702 (1.5 mg/kg, IP for 8 weeks) prevented LV diastolic dysfunction, and in a crossover design augmented conducted vasodilation and improved LV diastolic function. ABT-702 treated obese ZSF1 rats exhibited reduced expression of myocardial carbonic anhydrase 9 and collagen, surrogate markers of myocardial hypoxia.

Conclusions:
Upregulation of vascular ADK mitigates adenosine-facilitated conducted vasodilation in obese ZSF1 rats and in patients with HFpEF. We propose that pharmacological inhibition of ADK could be beneficial for therapeutic augmentation of conducted vasodilation, thereby improving tissue perfusion and LV diastolic function in HFpEF.
Instantaneous Amplitude and Frequency Modulations Detect the Footprint of Rotational Activity and Reveal Stable Driver Regions as Targets for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Quintanilla Jorge G. , Alfonso-Almazán José Manuel , Pérez-Castellano Nicasio , Pandit Sandeep V. , Jalife José , Pérez-Villacastín Julián , Filgueiras-Rama David 
Published: August 2019

Rationale:
Costly proprietary panoramic multielectrode (64–256) acquisition systems are being increasingly used together with conventional electroanatomical mapping systems for persistent atrial fibrillation (PersAF) ablation. However, such approaches target alleged drivers (rotational/focal) regardless of their activation frequency dynamics.

Objectives:
To test the hypothesis that stable regions of higher than surrounding instantaneous frequency modulation (iFM) drive PersAF and determine whether rotational activity is specific for such regions.

Methods and Results:
First, novel single-signal algorithms based on instantaneous amplitude modulation (iAM) and iFM to detect rotational-footprints without panoramic multielectrode acquisition systems were tested in 125 optical movies from 5 ex vivo Langendorff-perfused PersAF sheep hearts (sensitivity/specificity, 92.6/97.5%; accuracy, 2.5-mm) and in computer simulations. Then, 16 pigs underwent high-rate atrial pacing to develop PersAF. After a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 4.4 (IQR, 2.5–9.9) months of high-rate atrial pacing followed by 4.1 (IQR, 2.7–5.4) months of self-sustained PersAF, pigs underwent in vivo high-density electroanatomical atrial mapping (4920 [IQR, 4435–5855] 8-second unipolar signals per map). The first 4 out of 16 pigs were used to adapt ex vivo optical proccessing of iFM/iAM to in vivo electrical signals. In the remaining 12 out of 16 pigs, regions of higher than surrounding average iFM were considered leading-drivers. Two leading-driver + rotational-footprint maps were generated 2.6 (IQR, 2.4–2.9) hours apart to test leading-driver spatiotemporal stability and guide ablation. Leading-driver regions (2.5 [IQR, 2.0–4.0] regions/map) exactly colocalized (95.7%) in the 2 maps, and their ablation terminated PersAF in 92.3% of procedures (radiofrequency until termination, 16.9 [IQR, 9.2–35.8] minutes; until nonsustainability, 20.4 [IQR, 12.8–44.0] minutes). Rotational-footprints were found at every leading-driver region, albeit most (76.8% [IQR, 70.5%–83.6%]) were located outside. Finally, the translational ability of this approach was tested in 3 PersAF redo patients.

Conclusions:
Both rotational-footprints and spatiotemporally stable leading-driver regions can be located using iFM/iAM algorithms without panoramic multielectrode acquisition systems. In pigs, ablation of leading-driver regions usually terminates PersAF and prevents its sustainability. Rotational activations are sensitive but not specific to such regions. Single-signal iFM/iAM algorithms could be integrated into conventional electroanatomical mapping systems to improve driver detection accuracy and reduce the cost of patient-tailored/mechanistic approaches.
Molecular phylogeny of Clibanarius Dana, 1852 from the Indo-West Pacific: evolution of pereopod colour pattern and habitat adaptation
Authors: Yoshikawa Akihiro , Ikeo Kazuho , Imoto Junichi , Jaingam Wachirah , Putri Lily Surayya Eka , Mardiansyah  , Kumar Appukuttannair Biju , Asakura Akira 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Species of hermit crabs in the genus Clibanarius Dana, 1852 have adapted to various environments in the intertidal areas, including hard substrates and soft sediments. These species often bear a close morphological resemblance to each other, therefore, the colouration on the pereopods can be one of the reliable characteristics to distinguish the species. However, the evolutionary relationships among species with different colour patterns and relationships between colour patterns and habitat adaptation have not previously been investigated. Therefore, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among 19 species of Clibanarius based on mitochondrial [12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase I] and nuclear [histone H3] DNA markers. The results suggest that the striped and solid colour elements have evolved multiple times independently, with the ancestral colour pattern potentially being scattered, bright colour spots with a bright colour band. Our findings also suggest that evolutionary adaptation from hard substrates to mudflats and soft sediments may have occurred at least twice.
Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wilson John W. , Primack Richard B. 
Published: August 2019

Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa comprehensively explores the challenges and potential solutions to key conservation issues in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Easy to read, this lucid and accessible textbook includes fifteen chapters that cover a full range of conservation topics, including threats to biodiversity, environmental laws, and protected areas management, as well as related topics such as sustainability, poverty, and human-wildlife conflict. This rich resource also includes a background discussion of what conservation biology is, a wide range of theoretical approaches to the subject, and concrete examples of conservation practice in specific African contexts. Strategies are outlined to protect biodiversity whilst promoting economic development in the region.
Boxes covering specific themes written by scientists who live and work throughout the region are included in each chapter, together with recommended readings and suggested discussion topics. Each chapter also includes an extensive bibliography.
Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa provides the most up-to-date study in the field. It is an essential resource, available on-line without charge, for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a handy guide for professionals working to stop the rapid loss of biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere.
Effect of assisted reproductive technology on multiple sclerosis relapses: Case series and meta-analysis
Authors: Bove Riley , Rankin Kelsey , Lin Chris , Zhao Chao , Correale Jorge , Hellwig Kerstin , Michel Laure , Laplaud David A , Chitnis Tanuja 
Published: August 2019

Background: Five case series reported increased relapse risk after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), but small numbers and heterogeneous study design limit broader conclusions. Objective: To evaluate the risk of relapses after ART in an independent case series and in aggregated analyses of existing studies. Methods: We compared annualized relapse rate (ARR) in the 3 months after, and 12 months before, ART in (1) an unpublished cohort (Boston: prospectively collected relapses; 22 ART cycles), (2i) data pooled from Boston and five published studies (164 cycles), and (2ii) a meta-analysis of all case series published by 2017 (220 cycles; PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines). Results: In the Boston cohort, mean ARR was not higher after ART than before (mean: 0.18 ± 0.85 vs 0.27 ± 0.55, p = 0.58). In the pooled analyses, ARR was significantly higher after ART for all clinical scenarios, including varying ART protocols ( p ⩽ 0.01 for each). The meta-analysis confirmed an increased ARR after ART (mean difference (MD) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.33, 1.51], p = 0.01). Conclusion: These pooled data support an increase in ARR following ART. Reasons for local variation in ARR after ART, and consideration of MS treatments during conception attempts, will be pursued.
Profiles of cortical inflammation in multiple sclerosis by 11C-PBR28 MR-PET and 7 Tesla imaging
Authors: Herranz Elena , Louapre Céline , Treaba Constantina Andrada , Govindarajan Sindhuja T , Ouellette Russell , Mangeat Gabriel , Loggia Marco L , Cohen-Adad Julien , Klawiter Eric C , Sloane Jacob A , Mainero Caterina 
Published: August 2019

Background: Neuroinflammation with microglia activation is thought to be closely related to cortical multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion pathogenesis. Objective: Using 11C-PBR28 and 7 Tesla (7T) imaging, we assessed in 9 relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 10 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients the following: (1) microglia activation in lesioned and normal-appearing cortex, (2) cortical lesion inflammatory profiles, and (3) the relationship between neuroinflammation and cortical integrity. Methods: Mean 11C-PBR28 uptake was measured in focal cortical lesions, cortical areas with 7T quantitative T2* (q-T2*) abnormalities, and normal-appearing cortex. The relative difference in cortical 11C-PBR28 uptake between patients and 14 controls was used to classify cortical lesions as either active or inactive. Disease burden was investigated according to cortical lesion inflammatory profiles. The relation between q-T2* and 11C-PBR28 uptake along the cortex was assessed. Results: 11C-PBR28 uptake was abnormally high in cortical lesions in RRMS and SPMS; in SPMS, tracer uptake was significantly increased also in normal-appearing cortex. 11C-PBR28 uptake and q-T2* correlated positively in many cortical areas, negatively in some regions. Patients with high cortical lesion inflammation had worse clinical outcome and higher intracortical lesion burden than patients with low inflammation. Conclusion: 11C-PBR28 and 7T imaging reveal distinct profiles of cortical inflammation in MS, which are related to disease burden.
Smoking-related symptomatology in pregnant smokers during ad libitum smoking and following overnight smoking abstinence
Authors: Allen Sharon , Harrison Katherine , Petersen Ashley , Goodson Jane 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Objective
Current literature suggests there may be a relationship between sex hormones, which dramatically increase during pregnancy, and nicotine use behaviors. We hypothesized that higher progesterone and progesterone:estradiol ratio (P/E2) would be associated with less smoking-related symptomatology (SRS), better mood and fewer cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) during ad libitum smoking and following overnight abstinence in pregnant women. Associations between SRS, mood, smoking behavior and sex hormones were estimated using multiple linear regression with adjustment for CPD and pregnancy trimester.

Results
There were 35 second trimester and 42 third trimester participants. Participants mean age was 26.2 (SD: 4.1), they smoked 11.3 CPD (SD: 4.4) and the mean nicotine dependence score was 4.94 (SD: 1.98). There were no statistically significant associations between progesterone levels, estradiol levels, or the P/E2 ratio and SRS or mood measures during ad libitum smoking or following overnight abstinence in this sample of pregnant women. Similarly, there were no associations between sex hormone levels and number of CPD smoked during the ad libitum period. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no significant associations between sex hormones and SRS, mood or smoking behavior in this sample of pregnant women.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01811225), December 6, 2012
Trajectory of blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol and incident dementia: systematic review
Authors: Peters Ruth , Peters Jean , Booth Andrew , Anstey Kaarin J. 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundThe global ageing population and the long prodromal period for the development of cognitive decline and dementia brings a need to understand the antecedents of both successful and impaired cognitive ageing. It is increasingly apparent that the trajectory of risk-factor change, as well as the level of the risk factor, may be associated with an increased or decreased risk of cognitive decline or dementia.AimsOur aim was to summarise the published evidence and to generate hypotheses related to risk-factor trajectories and risk of incident cognitive decline or dementia.MethodWe collated data from longitudinal observational studies relating to trajectory of blood pressure, obesity and cholesterol and later cognitive decline or dementia using standard systematic review methodology. The databases MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO were searched from inception to 26 April 2018.ResultsThirteen articles were retained for inclusion. Analytical methods varied. Our summary of the current evidence base suggests that first body mass index and then blood pressure rises and then falls more steeply in those who go on to develop dementia. The evidence for cholesterol was less consistent.ConclusionBased on our review we present the hypothesis that weight falls around 10 years and blood pressure around 5 years before diagnosis. Confirmatory work is required. However, characterisation of risk according to combinations and patterns of risk factors may ultimately be integrated into the assessments used to identify those at risk of receiving a diagnosis of cognitive decline or dementia in late life.
The Ministry of Health and Sanitation – Public Health England (MOHS-PHE) Ebola Biobank
Authors: Hannigan Bernie , Whitworth Jimmy , Carroll Miles , Roberts Allen , Bruce Christine , Samba Thomas , Sahr Foday , Coates Elizabeth 
Published: August 2019

During the Ebola outbreak in 2014-2015 in Sierra Leone, residual clinical specimens and accompanying data were collected from routine diagnostic testing in Public Health England (PHE) led laboratories. Most of the samples with all the accompanying data were transferred to PHE laboratories in the UK for curation by PHE. The remainder have been kept securely in Sierra Leone. The biobank holds approximately 9955 samples of which 1108 tested positive for Ebola virus. Researchers from the UK and overseas, from academia, government other research organisations and commercial companies can submit proposals to the biobank to access and use the samples. The Ministry of Health and Sanitation in Sierra Leone (MOHS) retains ownership of the data and materials and is working with PHE and other researchers to develop and conduct a series of research projects that will inform future healthcare and public health strategies relating to Ebola. The Ebola Biobank Governance Group (EBGG) was established to guarantee equality of access to the biobank for the most scientifically valuable research including by researchers from low and middle-income countries. Ensuring benefit to the people of Sierra Leone is an over-arching principle for decisions of the EBGG. Four ongoing research collaborations are based on the first wave of biobank proposals approved by EBGG. Whilst the biobank is a valuable resource its completeness and sample quality are consistent with the outbreak conditions under which they were collected.
GeneDB and Wikidata
Authors: Manske Magnus , Böhme Ulrike , Püthe Christoph , Berriman Matt 
Published: August 2019

Publishing authoritative genomic annotation data, keeping it up to date, linking it to related information, and allowing community annotation is difficult and hard to support with limited resources. Here, we show how importing GeneDB annotation data into Wikidata allows for leveraging existing resources, integrating volunteer and scientific communities, and enriching the original information.
Providing Personal Care to Patients: the Role of Nursing Students’ Emotional Labor
Authors: Santo Letizia Dal , Marognoli Oliva , Previati Vanessa , Gonzalez Cesar Ivan Aviles , Melis Paola , Galletta Maura 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Providing personal care may be a source of emotional difficulties and negative feelings for students interacting with patients during their first clinical placement. This study was done to describe the role of emotional strategies for first year nursing students providing personal care to patients and the relationship of these strategies to students’ emotional exhaustion, self-efficacy, and turnover intention.

Method
A self-reported questionnaire was administrated to a convenience sample of 226 first-year undergraduate nursing students attending their first clinical placement in one Italian University hospital.

Results
Results suggested a positive link between students’ cognitive re-evaluation of their experiences and their self-perceived self-efficacy. Attentional deployment was the strongest antecedent of emotional exhaustion. Emotional dissonance was the primary contributor to students’ turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between emotional dissonance and turnover intention.

Conclusion
This research suggested that there are emotional coping strategies useful for protecting student nurses from emotional exhaustion and turnover intention and that these strategies are positively related to students’ self-perceived self-efficacy in providing personal care.
Crosstalk Limitations due to Intercore Coupling on the BER Performance of an Optical Communication System with Homogeneous Multi-core Fiber
Authors: Hossain Afzal Hossain 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The effect of crosstalk due to inter-core coupling on the bit error rate (BER) performance of a fiber optic communication link with a homogeneous multi-core optical fiber (MCF) and a direct detection receiver with optical preamplifier is analytically evaluated and presented in this paper. Coupling coefficients due to inter-core coupling in a 7-core MCF is evaluated numerically with as a function of core-to-core distance (pitch) and relative refractive index contrast. Coupling length is determined against various index contrasts and at different core pitches. Crosstalk power, Signal to Crosstalk plus Noise Ratio (SCNR), BER and power penalty at any output core with light launched into other core of a 7-core MCF are determined analytically. The results show that there is mentionable deterioration in BER performance due to coupling induced crosstalk, and system suffers distinct power penalty at a given BER. For example, power penalty at BER of 10e-9 is found to be 4.0 dB and 4.3 dB for a MCF link of 10 km corresponding to relative refractive index difference of 0.0036 and 0.0030, respectively, for a pitch value of 30 µm and core radius of 4.5 µm.
Impact Resistance of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Panels Using Genetic Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Al Rjoub Yousef S. , Hijazi Moheldeen A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In designing protective concrete structures, optimum response against projectile impact is achieved by minimizing damage and, more importantly, controlling its failure mode to ensure life safety. Recently, steel fiber–reinforced concrete (SFRC) has gained attention for its superior toughness and damage control against impact loads. However, in designing SFRC panels to protect against projectile impact, a knowledge gap exists in the selection of optimum parameters, such as steel fiber volumetric fraction, maximum aggregate size, and panel thickness. To fill this gap, this article proposes a model that is capable of predicting SFRC response to impact loading using an artificial neural network. This model has been introduced to a multiobjective genetic algorithm to optimize the SFRC panel design against a given impact energy. Simple guidelines for the selection of optimum thickness, steel fiber volumetric fraction, and aggregate size are developed.