bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid paper spray mass spectrometry characterization of uranium and exemplar molecular species
Authors: Coopersmith Kaitlin , Cody Robert B. , Mannion Joseph M. , Hewitt Joshua T. , Koby Samuel B. , Wellons Matthew S. 
Published: July 2019

RationaleThe ability to detect and quantify the presence of specific inorganic elements and complexes is essential for environmental monitoring and nuclear safeguards applications. In this work, paper spray ionization mass spectrometry was used for the rapid chemical and isotopic characterization of trace inorganic species collected on cotton swipe substrates. The direct analysis of cotton swipes using this ambient ionization technique led to fast sample analysis that retained original chemical information of the source material with minimal sample preparation.MethodsMass spectra were collected with an atmospheric pressure ionization, high‐resolution mass spectrometer for solutions containing uranyl acetate, uranyl chloride, uranyl nitrate, and uranyl tri‐n‐butylphosphate complexes. Gadolinium nitrate was used as an internal standard for the quantitative analysis of uranium. To demonstrate the ability to characterize inorganic contaminants in the presence of uranium, a multi‐element inorganic standard containing U, Bi, Pb, Cd, Fe, and Zn was deposited onto cotton substrates and directly analyzed without purification.ResultsAll elements doped on the cotton substrate were detected with strong signal‐to‐noise ratios (ca 1000 for UO2+ on multi‐element doped swipes) and high integrated intensities (>105 counts) from collection periods of approximately 1 min. Limits of detection were determined to be approximately 94 ng for UO2+ and uranyl acetate through the measurement of ppb level solutions.ConclusionsThe rapid analysis of uranium and other inorganic‐containing samples while still retaining original chemical information (e.g. uranyl complexation) was demonstrated. Qualitative detection and speciation were achieved in less than 1 min of analysis. For uranium isotopic quantitation, longer accumulations (>15 min) can be sustained to improve the accuracy of minor 235U isotopic abundance measurements to approximately 1% error.
Development of fetal and adult Leydig cells
Authors: Shima Yuichi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn mammals, two distinct Leydig cell populations, fetal Leydig cells (FLCs) and adult Leydig cells (ALCs), appear in the prenatal and postnatal testis, respectively. Although the functional differences between these cell types have been well described, the developmental relationship between FLCs and ALCs has not been fully understood. In this review, I focus on the cellular origins of FLCs and ALCs as well as the developmental and functional links between them.MethodsI surveyed previous reports about FLC and/or ALC development and summarized the findings.Main findingsFetal Leydig cells and ALCs were identified to have separate origins in the fetal and neonatal testis, respectively. However, several studies suggested that FLCs and ALCs share a common progenitor pool. Moreover, perturbation of FLC development at the fetal stage induces ALC dysfunction in adults, suggesting a functional link between FLCs and ALCs. Although the lineage relationship between FLCs and ALCs remains controversial, a recent study suggested that some FLCs dedifferentiate at the fetal stage, and that these cells serve as ALC stem cells.ConclusionFindings obtained from animal studies might provide clues to the causative mechanisms of male reproductive dysfunctions such as testicular dysgenesis syndrome in humans.
A Co‐Doped MnO2 Catalyst for Li‐CO2 Batteries with Low Overpotential and Ultrahigh Cyclability
Authors: Ge Bingcheng , Sun Yong , Guo Jianxin , Yan Xiaobin , Fernandez Carlos , Peng Qiuming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLi‐CO2 batteries can not only capture CO2 to solve the greenhouse effect but also serve as next‐generation energy storage devices on the merits of economical, environmentally‐friendly, and sustainable aspects. However, these batteries are suffering from two main drawbacks: high overpotential and poor cyclability, severely postponing the acceleration of their applications. Herein, a new Co‐doped alpha‐MnO2 nanowire catalyst is prepared for rechargeable Li‐CO2 batteries, which exhibits a high capacity (8160 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1), a low overpotential (≈0.73 V), and an ultrahigh cyclability (over 500 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g−1), exceeding those of Li‐CO2 batteries reported so far. The reaction mechanisms are interpreted depending on in situ experimental observations in combination with density functional theory calculations. The outstanding electrochemical properties are mostly associated with a high conductivity, a large fraction of hierarchical channels, and a unique Co interstitial doping, which might be of benefit for the diffusion of CO2, the reversibility of Li2CO3 products, and the prohibition of side reactions between electrolyte and electrode. These results shed light on both CO2 fixation and new Li‐CO2 batteries for energy storage.
Effects of P‐gp and Bcrp as brain efflux transporters on the uptake of [18F]FPEB in the murine brain
Authors: Jung Ki‐Hye , Oh Se Jong , Kang Kyung Jun , Han Sang Jin , Nam Kyung Rok , Park Ji Ae , Lee Kyo Chul , Lee Yong Jin , Choi Jae Yong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the brain uptake of [18F]FPEB is influenced by P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) as efflux transporters in rodents. To assess this possible modulation, positron emission tomography studies were performed in animal models of pharmacological or genetic ablation of these transporters. Compared with the control conditions, when P‐gp was blocked with tariquidar, there was an 8%–12% increase in the brain uptake of [18F]FPEB. In P‐gp knockout mice, such as Mdr1a/b(−/−) and Mdr1a/b(−/−)Bcrp1(−/−), genetic ablation models, there was an increment of 8%–53% in [18F]FPEB uptake compared with that in the wild‐type mice. In contrast, Bcrp knockout mice showed a decrement of 5%–12% uptake and P‐gp/Bcrp knockout group displayed an increment of 5%–17% compared with wild type. These results indicate that [18F]FPEB is possibly a weak substrate for P‐gp.
Multiscalar genetic pathway modeling with hybrid Bayesian networks
Authors: Ziebarth Jesse D. , Cui Yan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBayesian network modeling of real world datasets is often complicated by the fact that they are hybrid datasets that contain both discrete and continuous variables. For example, recent advances in high throughput biotechnologies have made it possible to generate large‐scale data across multiple biological scales—from discrete variables such as DNA variations to continuous variables such as omics traits and disease phenotypes. Such large heterogeneous and multiscalar datasets present a great challenge for biological knowledge discovery. Here we discuss the Bayesian Network Webserver (http://compbio.uthsc.edu/BNW), a web‐based platform for creating hybrid Bayesian network models, and its use in discovering causal relationships from heterogeneous and multiscalar system genetics datasets.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional DataStatistical Models > Bayesian ModelsStatistical Models > Graphical ModelsApplications of Computational Statistics > Computational and Molecular Biology
Cyber Industry Networks as an environment of the Industry 4.0 implementation
Authors: Saniuk Sebastian , Saniuk Anna , Cagáňová Dagmar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe fourth industrial (r)evolution called Industry 4.0 transfers production to a different dimension of productivity, flexibility and also mobility. Enterprises using advanced technologies such as Mobile Technologies, Big Data Analytics, Cloud Computing, Internet of Things, etc. and using intelligent resources (e.g. mobile devices, mechatronic machines, means of transport) communicating with each other via the Internet in real time can produce customized products quickly and at low cost. On the one hand the Industry 4.0 concept creates great benefits for the client, and on the other hand raises challenges for industrial enterprises. There is a need to improve existing and create new business models that will combine the potential of many enterprises and together create innovative, very modern production networks based on mobile technologies and the Internet of Things. The article presents the results of research about the creation of innovative production networks operating in the environment of advanced technologies within the Industry 4.0. The aim of the research is to develop the concept of creating temporary Cyber Industry Networks based on e-business platforms that integrate dispersed enterprise resources through mobile devices and mobile software, creating a temporary network in the situation of emerging business opportunities. The main benefit of such networks is the ability to manufacture products through geographically dispersed corporate resources. The Cyber Industry Network allows business processes through the integration of mobile technologies in real time to be managed, and enables to reduce costs, improve flexibility, and as a result increase the competitiveness of manufacturing enterprises.
Accounting for success: The Big Four as allies of finance in post crisis regulatory reform
Authors: Kalaitzake Manolis 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that the Big Four accountancy firms—PricewaterhouseCoopers, Deloitte, Ernst & Young, KPMG—operate as key political allies of the financial sector within financial regulatory battles. Leveraging the theoretical notion of “actor plurality” within the policymaking process, I demonstrate how, in the case of the European Union Financial Transaction Tax (FTT) initiative, accountancy professionals offered crucial support for the financial sector. They did so by disseminating key oppositional claims against the FTT proposal, developing tax mitigation and relocation strategies, preparing negative impact assessments, and advising on lobbying tactics. This allied stance of the Big Four is primarily a consequence of the ways in which their commercial priorities have been fundamentally transformed by the provision of consultancy services within the modern global economy. Moreover, the paper shows how accountancy experts are deeply embedded within a network of professional relationships that fosters substantive policy alignment between the Big Four and prominent financial lobbying groups. By highlighting the overlooked role of the major accountancy firms within post crisis regulatory reform, the study illuminates the unequal power relations that permeate financialized societies and contributes to a deeper understanding of how financial preferences continue to prevail within the policymaking process.
The Predictive Value of Endpoint Quaking-Induced Conversion in Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
Authors: Budhram Adrian , Taylor Ryan G. , Fuller Jeff , Burneo Jorge G. , Knox J. David , Pasternak Stephen H. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a fatal neurological illness for which accurate diagnosis is paramount. Real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC) is a prion-specific assay with high sensitivity and specificity for CJD. The Canadian endpoint quaking-induced conversion (EP-QuIC) test is similar, but unlike RT-QuIC there is little data regarding its diagnostic utility in clinical practice. In this exploratory predictive value analysis of EP-QuIC in CJD, the negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV) was 100% and 83%, respectively, with one false-positive result identified. Re-testing this sample with an optimized EP-QuIC protocol eliminated this false-positive result, leading to a PPV of 100%.
Advanced fuel layering in line-moving, high-gain direct-drive cryogenic targets
Authors: Aleksandrova I. V. , Koresheva E. R. 
Published: July 2019

In inertial fusion energy (IFE) research, a number of technological issues have focused on the ability to inexpensively fabricate large quantities of free-standing targets (FSTs) by developing a specialized layering module with repeatable operation. Of central importance for the progress towards plasma generation with intense thermonuclear reactions is the fuel structure, which must be isotropic to ensure that fusion will take place. In this report, the results of modeling the FST layering time,$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{\text{Form}}$, are presented for targets which are shells of${\sim}4~\text{mm}$in diameter with a wall made from compact and porous polymers. The layer thickness is${\sim}200~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$for pure solid fuel and${\sim}250~\unicode[STIX]{x03BC}\text{m}$for in-porous solid fuel. Computation shows$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{\text{Form}}<23$ s for$\text{D}_{2}$fuel and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}_{\text{Form}}<30$ s for D–T fuel. This is an excellent result in terms of minimizing the tritium inventory, producing IFE targets in massive numbers (${\sim}$1 million each day) and obtaining the fuel as isotropic ultrafine layers. It is shown experimentally that such small layering time can be realized by the FST layering method in line-moving, high-gain direct-drive cryogenic targets using$n$-fold-spiral layering channels at$n=2,3$.
Between Jerusalem and Gaza: Why Unilateralism Will Not Work
Authors: Rapoport Meron 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe moving of the American embassy to Jerusalem coincided with the bloodiest day of the Great March of Return demonstrations. Each of these events had its own history and motivation but they tell the same story: as stable solution could be based only on reciprocal recognition of the attachment of both Israeli and Palestinians to the whole of historic Palestine/Eretz Israel
The long-chain monounsaturated cetoleic acid improves the efficiency of the n-3 fatty acid metabolic pathway in Atlantic salmon and human HepG2 cells
Authors: Østbye Tone-Kari Knutsdatter , Berge Gerd Marit , Nilsson Astrid , Romarheim Odd Helge , Bou Marta , Ruyter Bente 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine if the long-chain MUFA cetoleic acid (22 : 1n-11) can improve the capacity to synthesise the health-promotingn-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA in human and fish models. Human hepatocytes (HepG2) and salmon primary hepatocytes were first enriched with cetoleic acid, and thereafter their capacities to convert radio-labelled 18 : 3n-3 (α-linolenic acid, ALA) to EPA and DHA were measured. Increased endogenous levels of cetoleic acid led to increased production of radio-labelled EPA + DHA in HepG2 by 40 % and EPA in salmon hepatocytes by 12 %. In order to verify if dietary intake of a fish oil rich in cetoleic acid would have the same beneficial effects on then-3 fatty acid metabolic pathwayin vivoas foundin vitro, Atlantic salmon were fed four diets supplemented with either sardine oil low in cetoleic acid or herring oil high in cetoleic acid at two inclusion levels (Low or High). The diets were balanced for EPA + DHA content within the Low and within the High groups. The salmon were fed these diets from 110 to 242 g. The level of EPA + DHA in liver and whole-body retention of docosapentaenoic acid and EPA + DHA relative to what was eaten, increased with increased dietary cetoleic acid levels. Thus, it is concluded that cetoleic acid stimulated the synthesis of EPA and DHA from ALA in human HepG2 and of EPA in salmon hepatocytesin vitroand increased whole-body retention of EPA + DHA in salmon by 15 % points after dietary intake of cetoleic acid.
Measurement Invariance Across Age Groups and Over 20 Years’	Time of the Negative and Positive Affect Scale (NAPAS)
Authors: Chan Meingold Hiu-ming , Gerhardt Micah , Feng Xin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The factor structure and measurement invariance across gender of Mroczek’s and Kolarz’s scales of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) have been examined in past studies; however, little is known about the measurement invariance across age groups and over time, which are important psychometric properties for developmental research. The current study sought to fill this gap using the data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS). Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine increasing levels of measurement invariance across gender and age groups. Longitudinal CFA was also used to test measurement invariance over three time points using the data from MIDUS 1 ( N = 3,748), MIDUS 2 ( N = 2,257), and MIDUS 3 ( N = 1,414). Results supported full scalar invariance across gender, age groups, and over time. The latent means for NA were significantly different between men and women at time 1 and 2, but not at time 3; the latent means for both PA and NA were also different across age groups. There were no significant differences for PA and only trivial differences for NA over time within individuals. Implications of these results for longitudinal research are discussed.
Assessing Other-Directed, Lighthearted, Intellectual, and Whimsical	Playfulness in Adults
Authors: Proyer René T. , Brauer Kay , Wolf Annegret 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Adult playfulness is an individual differences variable that allows people to (re-)frame everyday situations in a way to make them entertaining, stimulating, and/or interesting. Recently, a structural model with four facets (i.e., Other-directed, Lighthearted, Intellectual, and Whimsical; OLIW) and a subjective measure with 28 items have been developed. The main aim of this study is to test a 12-item short form (OLIW-S). In Study 1, we retrieved the 4-factorial OLIW structure in three independently collected samples ( N = 1,168; 696 self-ratings and 166 dyads providing reciprocal self- and peer-ratings). We found satisfactory psychometric properties for research purposes, and there was convergent and nomological validity with external measures of playfulness and the Big Five personality traits. Data from Sample 3 showed robust self-other agreement in all facets (.27–.52). In Study 2, N = 463 adults completed the OLIW-S and a measure for personality pathology (PID-5; shared variance 12–31%). A principal component analysis of the OLIW-S and PID-5 scales yielded two unique factors representing playfulness and personality pathology. Overall, our expectations were widely met and the OLIW-facets could be well located in comprehensive systems of both personality and personality pathology. Applications of the OLIW-S (e.g., large-scale assessments; zero-acquaintance studies) are discussed.
High‐Frequency Wave Generation in Magnetotail Reconnection: Nonlinear Harmonics of Upper Hybrid Waves
Authors: Dokgo Kyunghwan , Hwang Kyoung‐Joo , Burch James L. , Choi Eunjin , Yoon Peter H. , Sibeck David G. , Graham Daniel B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMMS3 spacecraft passed the vicinity of the electron diffusion region of magnetotail reconnection on 3 July 2017, observing discrepancies between perpendicular electron bulk velocities and
drift, and agyrotropic electron crescent distributions. Analyzing linear wave dispersions, Burch et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082471) showed the electron crescent generates high‐frequency waves. We investigate harmonics of upper‐hybrid (UH) waves using both observation and particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulation, and the generation of electromagnetic radiation from PIC simulation. Harmonics of UH are linearly polarized and propagate along the perpendicular direction to the ambient magnetic field. Compared with two‐dimensional PIC simulation and nonlinear kinetic theory, we show that the nonlinear beam‐plasma interaction between the agyrotropic electrons and the core electrons generates harmonics of UH. Moreover, PIC simulation shows that agyrotropic electron beam can lead to electromagnetic (EM) radiation at the plasma frequency and harmonics.
Investigating the Influence of Cloud Radiative Effects on the Extratropical Storm Tracks
Authors: Grise Kevin M. , Medeiros Brian , Benedict James J. , Olson Jerry G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent studies have focused on the role of cloud radiative effects (CRE) in governing the mean atmospheric circulation and its response to climate change. This study instead examines the role of CRE in climate variability in the extratropics. Cloud locking experiments are performed using the Community Earth System Model. In these experiments, CRE are scrambled, such that they maintain the same climatology but no longer match the model's dynamical fields. The results of these experiments indicate that high‐frequency interactions between CRE and dynamics have a small (≤5–10%) but statistically significant damping effect on the intensity of the extratropical storm tracks, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere. Individual midlatitude cyclones have decreased intensity and shorter lifetime. These effects arise largely from clouds' radiative modification of static stability below 700 hPa. The coupling among clouds, radiation, and dynamics thus has a modest but potentially important influence on the extratropical storm tracks.
Application of Remote Sensing to Identify and Monitor Seasonal and Interannual Changes of Water Turbidity in Yellow River Estuary, China
Authors: Wang Siyuan , Shen Ming , Ma Yuanxu , Chen Guangsheng , You Yongfa , Liu Weihua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWater turbidity is an important indicator for water security and environmental security in the Yellow River estuary. However, due to the complex terrain and harsh climatic environment, it is difficult to monitor the water turbidity over the complex surface of the estuary. In this study we applied a self‐organizing map clustering method, an artificial neural network clustering method, to extract turbidity patterns from the long‐term remote sensing data sets in the Yellow River estuary. Based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data from 2000 to 2015, six turbidity patterns were identified by using the self‐organizing map clustering method: high turbidity pattern, moderate turbidity pattern, low turbidity pattern, very low turbidity pattern, extreme high turbidity pattern and sea ice pattern, and the first four patterns appear every year. All patterns have significant seasonal characteristics, and monthly turbidity is dominated by one of these turbidity patterns. The water turbidity in the estuary has decreased in the past 16 years, and the interannual variation of the turbidity pattern is the result of the combination of the sediment transported into the sea by the Yellow River and the wind and waves on the sea surface.
Energy refinement and analysis of structures in the QM9 database via a highly accurate quantum chemical method
Authors: Kim Hyungjun , Park Ji Young , Choi Sunghwan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA wide variety of data-driven approaches have been introduced in the field of quantum chemistry. To extend the applicable range and improve the prediction power of those approaches, highly accurate quantum chemical benchmarks that cover extremely large chemical spaces are required. Here, we report ~134 k quantum chemical calculations performed with G4MP2, the fourth generation of the G-n series in which second-order perturbation theory is employed. A single composite method calculation executes several low-level calculations to reproduce the results of high-level ab initio calculations with the aim of saving computational costs. Therefore, our database reports the results of the various methods (e.g., density functional theory, Hartree-Fock, Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, and coupled-cluster theory). Additionally, we examined the structure information of both the QM9 and the revised databases via chemical graph analysis. Our database can be applied to refine and improve the quality of data-driven quantum chemical prediction. Furthermore, we reported the raw outputs of all calculations performed in this work for other potential applications.