bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fair allocation of healthcare research funds by the European Union?
Authors: Kaló Zoltán , van den Akker Loek Hendrik Matheo , Vokó Zoltán , Csanádi Marcell , Pitter György János 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the distribution of European Union (EU) healthcare research grants across EU countries, and to study the effect of the potential influencing factors on grant allocation. We analysed publicly available data on healthcare research grants from the 7th Framework Programme and the Horizon 2020 Programme allocated to beneficiaries between 2007 and 2016. Grant allocation was analysed at the beneficiary-, country-, and country group-level (EU-15 versus newer Member States, defined as EU-13). The investigated country-level explanatory variables included GDP per capita, population size, overall disease burden, and healthcare research excellence. Grant amounts per 100,000 inhabitants was used as an outcome variable in the regression analyses.Research funds were disproportionally allocated to EU-15 versus the EU-13, as 96.9% of total healthcare grants were assigned to EU-15 countries. At the beneficiary level, EU funding was positively influenced by participating in previous grants. The average grant amount per beneficiary was higher for EU-15 organizations. In univariate regression analyses at the country level, higher GDP per capita (p<0.001) and better medical research excellence (p<0.001) were associated with more EU funding, and a higher disease burden was associated with less EU funding (p=0.003). In the multiple regression analysis GDP per capita (p=0.002) and research excellence (p<0.001) had a significant positive association with EU funding. Population size had an inverted U-shaped relationship with EU funding for healthcare research, having the largest per capita funding in second and the third quartiles (p=0.03 and p=0.02).The uneven allocation of healthcare research funds across EU countries was influenced by GDP per capita, medical research excellence and population size. Wealthier countries with an average population size and strong research excellence in healthcare had more EU funding for healthcare research. Higher disease burden apparently was not associated with more EU research funding.
ModelingEdarexpression reveals the hidden dynamics of tool signaling center patterning
Authors: Sadier Alexa , Twarogowska Monika , Steklikova Klara , Hayden Luke , Lambert Anne , Schneider Pascal , Laudet Vincent , Hovorakova Maria , Calvez Vincent , Pantalacci Sophie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe generation of patterns during development is generally viewed as a direct process. In the mouse jaw, however, the sequential patterning of molars initiates with abortive tooth signaling centers called MS and R2, thought to be vestiges of the lost rodent premolars. Moreover, the mature signaling center of the first molar (M1) is formed from the fusion of two signaling centers (R2 and early M1). Here, we report thatEdarexpression reveals the hidden dynamics of signalling centers patterning. First,Edarexpression evidenced a hidden two-step patterning process that we modelled with a single activator-inhibitor pair: the epithelium is initially broadly activated, then activation becomes restricted in space to give rise to the signalling centers. Second,Edarexpression unveils successive phases of pattern making and pattern erasing events, a phenomenon that we called a developmental palimpsest. MS is erased by a broad activation for the benefit of R2, which itself is erased before it recovers when the first molar signaling center forms. In the lower but not the upper jaw, the two neighboring signaling centers then fuse into a single elongated center. Our model recapitulated the erasure of the R2 signaling center by the wave of activation that precedes the formation of M1 signaling center, and predicted the surprising rescue of R2 in the context of anEdarmutant with reduced activation. It suggested that R2 was not intrinsically defective, but actively outcompeted by M1 formation. We confirmed this by cultivating R2 separately from the posterior tissue and showing it could then generate a tooth. Finally, by introducing chemotaxis as a secondary process of tooth germ maturation, we recapitulated the fusion of R2 and M1 in the lower jaw only, and the loss of fusion when Edar function is impaired in organ cultures. In conclusion, we have uncovered a highly indirect and dynamic nature of pattern formation in the molar field that could nevertheless be simulated with simple mathematical models. Our study argues for viewing embryonic patterns as dynamical objects rather than as fixed endpoints, where dynamics is essential to the outcome of the patterning process.
Universal antibiotic tolerance arising from antibiotic-triggered accumulation of redox metabolites
Authors: Zhu Kui , Chen Shang , Sysoeva Tatyana A. , You Lingchong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic pathogen that often infects open wounds or patients with cystic fibrosis. Once established,P. aeruginosainfections are notoriously difficult to eradicate. This difficulty is in part due to the ability ofP. aeruginosato tolerate antibiotic treatment at the individual-cell level or through collective behaviors. Here we describe a new mechanism by whichP. aeruginosatolerates antibiotic treatment by modulating its global cellular metabolism. In particular, treatment ofP. aeruginosawith sublethal concentrations of antibiotics covering all major classes promoted accumulation of the redox-sensitive phenazine - pyocyanin (PYO). PYO in turn conferred general tolerance against diverse antibiotics for bothP. aeruginosaand other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. We show that PYO promotes energy generation to enhance the activity of efflux pumps, leading to enhanced antibiotic tolerance. This property is shared by other redox-active phenazines produced byP. aeruginosa. Our discovery sheds new insights into the physiological functions of phenazines and has implications for designing effective antibiotic treatment protocols.Author SummaryAntibiotic tolerance can facilitate the evolution of resistance, and here we describe a previously unknown mechanism of collective antibiotic tolerance inPseudomonas aeruginosa. In particular,P. aeruginosatreated with sublethal concentrations of antibiotics covering all major classes promotes accumulation of pyocyanin (PYO), an important virulence factor. In turn, PYO confers general tolerance against diverse antibiotics for bothP. aeruginosaand other bacteria. Our discovery is a perfect example of what Nietzsche once said:That which does not kill me makes me stronger.
Non-market strategies and Indonesian SMEs: casualties of decentralisation?
Authors: Sanusi Abdullah , Connell Julia 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the non-market strategies adopted by government-contracted small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in order to address the challenges they faced in the business of procurement. Although SMEs are important contributors to employment and the national economy, they demonstrated different levels of effectiveness depending on the management strategies they adopted.Design/methodology/approachUsing case study methodology, data were gathered by conducting interviews with the owners/managers of Indonesian SMEs. Findings were analysed using the (ia)3framework developed to assist the understanding of non-market environments.FindingsFindings indicated that a key characteristic of the Indonesian non-market environment was the influence of the government and Indonesian society. This led to differing degrees of dissatisfaction among SME owners and managers who reported that they had to work within a number of constraints for business survival, while simultaneously learning how to “play the games” demanded by the business and regulatory environment.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations relate to the number of empirical cases represented and the geographical area covered. Further research is recommended in order to provide the opportunity for research generalisation.Practical implicationsThese findings illustrate the need for transparency and integrity in the procurement process in relation to Indonesian SMEs. It is proposed that SMEs in similar sectors may benefit from forming strategic alliances/industry clusters to support future knowledge sharing and promote their collective voice.Originality/valueTo date, studies on non-market strategies have largely focused on developed countries and large firms. Consequently, this paper goes some way towards bridging the gap in the non-market environment in developing countries concerning SMEs and potential strategies for adoption.
Benchmarking responsible management and non-financial reporting
Authors: Hilliard Ivan , Priede Tiziana 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a model, which assesses the wide range of data offered in non-financial reports, and enables benchmarking of these data between different organizations.Design/methodology/approachThis work uses aspects of fuzzy logic and qualitative comparative analysis to build fuzzy sets, which form the basis of the benchmarking tool.FindingsThe model presented permits the identification of both negative and positive aspects of an organization’s CSR actions, and shows where improvements can be made by highlighting the standards reached by others.Originality/valueThe model offers a benchmarking tool that allows analysis of non-financial reporting, something missing from the field of CSR until now. Additionally, it offers a new approach where data sets are constructed to measure environmental/social impact in function of each unit of economic value generated. This approach aligns social/environmental and economic performance, thereby emphasizing the interconnectivity of a company’s financial, social and environmental bottom lines.
Consumer participation in drug treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Goodhew Mark , Stein-Parbury Jane , Dawson Angela 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
It is unclear how consumer participation (CP) can be optimised to transform drug and alcohol treatment services and improve health outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of a systematic review examining the types and benefits of activities, and the factors that facilitate CP in drug treatment services.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured search of four databases was undertaken to identify peer reviewed primary research literature in English. Screened articles were appraised. A content analysis was applied to examine the types and outcomes of CP and the associated factors affecting the process. In total, 16 articles were included for review.

Findings
A range of CP activities were identified, and benefits included increased consumer satisfaction, and improved health service delivery. Factors that facilitated the process of CP included positive attitudes of both consumers and providers and employment of people with a lived experience of drug use. However, the lack of consumer and organisational capacity, negative attitudes of providers and power imbalances between consumers and providers constrained CP efforts.

Practical implications
To maximise the benefits of CP in drug and alcohol treatment services, negative attitudes about CP and power dynamics between consumers and health providers need to be addressed. This can be achieved by the strategic use of strengths-based interventions and consumer led education to enhance social capital.

Originality/value
This is the first known review to examine the benefits and facilitators of CP in drug treatment services.
“Never the first time on a patient”: the stakes of high-fidelity simulation for safety training
Authors: Cuvelier Lucie 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
An operative approach is described that is designed to structure the debriefing along three axes.

Practical implications
The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.
Double-diffusive natural convection in an inclined enclosure with heat generation and Soret effect
Authors: Hasnaoui Safae , Amahmid Abdelkhalek , Raji Abdelghani , Beji Hassen , Hasnaoui Mohammed , Dahani Youssef , Benhamed Haykel 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study numerically thermosolutal natural convection within an inclined rectangular cavity in the presence of Soret effect and heat generation. The enclosure is heated and salted from its long sides with constant but different temperatures and concentrations. The study focuses on the effects of three main parameters which are, the Soret parameter (Sr = 0 and –0.5), the internal to external Rayleigh numbers ratio 0 ≤ R ≤ 80 and the cavity inclination γ, varied from 0° (vertical position) to 60°. The combined effects of these parameters on fluid flow and heat and mass transfer characteristics are examined for the external Rayleigh number RaE = 105, the Prandtl number Pr = 0.71, the buoyancy ratio N = 1, the Lewis number Le = 2 and the aspect ratio of the cavity A = 2.

Design/methodology/approach
A hybrid lattice Boltzmann-finite difference method (LBM-FD) was used to tackle the problem under consideration. The LBM with the simple relaxation time was used for the fluid flow in the presence of the gravity force, while the temperature and concentration equations were solved separately using an explicit finite-difference technique at the Boltzmann scale.

Findings
The monocellular nature of the flow, obtained for R = 0 is not destroyed by varying the cavity inclination and the Soret parameter but rather by the increase of the parameter R. The Soret parameter and the cavity inclination become perceptible at high values of R. The inclination γ = 60° leads to high mean temperatures compared to the other inclinations. The effect of R on mean concentration is amplified in the presence of Soret effect but limited in the absence of the latter. The negative Soret parameter combined with high internal heat generation and a relatively high inclination is important when the objective is to maintain the fluid at a high concentration of species. The presence of bicellular flow combined with the important elevation undergone by the fluid temperature, makes both the cold and hot walls playing a cooling role with the most important exchanges taking place at the upper part of these walls. The analysis of the mean mass transfer shows that the increase of the inclination may lead to an increase or a decrease of the mass transfer depending on the range of R, in the case of Sr = 0. However, for Sr = −0.5, it is observed that the increase of γ is generally accompanied by a reduction of the mass transfer.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the hybrid LBM-FD was not used before to study such a problem. Combined effect of R and inclination may be useful in charging the fluid with species when the objective is to maintain high concentrations in the medium.
Do brands compete or coexist? How persistence of brand loyalty segments the market
Authors: Sheth Jagdish , Koschmann Anthony 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This study aims to question the conventional wisdom that brands compete for customers, especially in mature industries such as soft drinks. Rather than engaging in price wars or promotion wars, brands coexist in the markets by focusing on their own brand loyal customers.

Design/methodology/approach
Consumer panel data of carbonated beverages are examined using Markov chains to measure switching between two brands: Coke and Pepsi. Switching rates are conducted for all Coke households (n = 10,474) and Pepsi households (n = 7,227). This is further examined with respect to heavy half (upper median) consumers of each brand who make up approximately 86 per cent of volume purchases.

Findings
Households that made a majority of their purchase volume in either Coke or Pepsi products stayed with their preferred brands in subsequent quarters: 85 to 97 per cent of households. These findings are validated at all levels of the brand architecture (family brands, product brands and modified brands), even though both brands engage in similar marketing mix tactics (advertising, price cuts, distribution, product offerings). Loyalty was even higher among the heavy user households.

Research limitations/implications
The research was conducted using two well-known brands in a mature industry. Services or non-mature markets may exhibit different loyalty patterns.

Originality/value
The study extends prior research on competition, loyalty and branded offerings to show that brand loyalty remains high despite marketing efforts to switch the brand buying behavior.
A Chinese legal intelligent auxiliary discretionary adviser based on GA-BP NNs
Authors: Zhang Ni , Pu Yi-fei , Yang Suiquan , Gao Jinkang , Wang Zhu , Zhou Ji-liu 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to build a legal intelligent auxiliary discretionary system for predicting the penalty and damage compensation values. After extensively considering current the characteristics of the current Chinese legal system, a practical legal intelligent auxiliary discretionary system based on genetic algorithm-backpropagation (GA-BP) neural network (NN) is proposed herein.

Design/methodology/approach
An experiment is designed to analyze cases involving mental anguish compensation in medical disputes, and a Chinese legal intelligent auxiliary discretionary adviser system is built based on a GA-BP NN. Because BP neural networks perform well for nonlinear problems and GAs can improve their ability to find optimal values, and accelerate their convergence, a combined GA–BP algorithm is used. In addition, an ontology is used to reduce the semantic ambiguities and extract the implied semantic information.

Findings
We confirm that a case-based legal intelligent auxiliary discretionary adviser system based on a GA-BP NN and ontology techniques has good performance in prediction. By predicting the mental anguish compensation values, the legal intelligent auxiliary discretionary adviser system can help judges to handle cases more quickly and ordinary people to discover the suggested compensation or penalty. In contrast to BP NN or SVM, the result seems more close to the actual compensation rate.

Practical implications
Recently, smart court has been developed in China; the purpose of which is to build the legal advice system for improving judicial justice and reducing differences in sentencing. A practical legal advice system is an urgent requirement for the judiciary.

Originality/value
This paper presents a study of a case-based legal intelligent auxiliary discretionary adviser system based on a GA-BP NN and ontology techniques. The findings offer advice to optimize legal intelligent auxiliary discretionary adviser systems for mental anguish compensation in medical disputes.
The guanxi ties of managers in mainland China – a critical analysis based on gender
Authors: Aaltio Iiris , Huang Jiehua 
Published: October 2018

PurposeInadequate social networks are often seen as an explanation of the under-representation of women in management. Networks contain culture-specific features, as in China where the term guanxi is used, defined as a shared common identification held by two or more individuals (Jacobs, 1979). In several studies, guanxi has been found to relate positively to success at work both for the individual and the organization, but little is known about it from gender and career perspectives. Referring especially to the earlier studies by Chow and Ng (2004), the purpose of this paper is to address the meaning of guanxi networks for top women IT managers in mainland China.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 21 women managers in mainland China, using a questionnaire about the composition and structure of their core guanxi networks and face-to-face interviews which allowed ample opportunity to elaborate the participants’ responses to items included in the questionnaire and their perspectives to using guanxi in general. The authors used both data in an interpretive analysis.FindingsIt was found that: there is a significant effect of female-to-male dyads concerning power and work-related guanxi bases, such as influence; there is a significant effect of female-to-female dyads concerning questions of private life and crisis, and women IT managers have a relatively limited guanxi base. The findings of this paper support Ibarra’s (1993) suggestion that a common strategy for women is to use and develop a functionally differentiated network. Based on findings, the authors further suggest that in building a successful managerial career, women managers in China need to reflect their gender, be gender-sensitive in building up their networks and stay incorporated at the core networks in the organization whatever gender they represent. They also suggest that because networks are dependent on culturally bound definitions (like guanxi), even the guanxi practices may vary locally in different parts of China.Research limitations/implicationsWomen managers are important role models for younger female candidates and the possibility to close connections with them is relevant. Because networks are dependent on culturally bound definitions (like guanxi), even the guanxi practices may vary locally in different parts of China. For further studies, the authors suggest to focus on the consequences of guanxi practice limitations to women managers’ careers, especially from the perspective of private life responsibilities and the possible problematic nature of power ties between the gender(s).Originality/valueEven if working life is becoming more and more global, the local and culture-based nature of networking remains. This paper contributes on the extensive research on social networking practices in China, often described in terms of guanxi, which has seldom been investigated using critical gender perspective.