bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elimination Of Haemorrhagic Complications In Postoperative Thromboprophylaxis. Investigations On Heparin 2500 IU + Dhe 0.5 Mg
Authors: Buttermann G , Haluszcynski I , Theisinger W , Pabst H W 
Published: July 2018

Dihydroergotamine (DHE) is known to enhance the effect of low-dose heparin in the prevention of postoperative thromboembolism. In order to determine whether low-dose heparin can be reduced without decreasing the prophylactic efficacy, 350 fully randomized patients undergoing major abdominal surgery were studied by the 1-125-fibrinogen-uptake-test (RFUT) and repeated lung perfusions scintigraphy receiving either 5000 IU of heparin or 2500 IU of heparin + 0.5 mg DHE b.i.d.Results: Heparin 5000: 15 RFUT-positive (9.3%), 5 with lung perfusion defects (3.1%), 40 with haemorrhagic complications (24.8%); Heparin 2500 + DHE: 13 RFUT-positive (8.0%), 4 with lung perfusion defects (2.5%), 8 with haemorrhagic complications (4.9%), the difference in bleeding complications is highly significant (p < 0.001).Conclusions: The combination of heparin 2500 IU + DHE 0.5 mg b.i.d. proved equivalent to heparin 5000 IU b.i.d. in terms of antithrombotic efficacy, whereas bleeding complications due to prophylaxis (wound haematoma, postoperative bloodloss, reoperations because of haemorrhage) were significantly reduced. Altogether this combination turns out an important progress in the postoperative thromboprophylaxis.
A Comparative Study Of Heparin And A Heparin Analogue In The Prevention Of Thrombosis In Patients With Gynaecological Cancer Under Radiotherapy
Authors: von Hugo R , Hafter R , Graeff H 
Published: July 2018

The frequency of thrombosis (D.V.T.) in patients treated for gynaecological cancer by combined external irradation and intravaginal radium application, as detected by the 125 I-fibrinogen-test, is considerable (43 % D.V.T.).84 patients undergoing radiotherapy were studied in a first controlled trial to assess the effect of 2×7500 U daily s.c. calcium heparin and 2×5000 U daily s.c. of a semisynthetic heparin analogue (SSHA) on the incidence of D.V.T. during therapy. 4 patients had to be excluded. The frequence of D.V.T. was 15 % (6/40) in the heparin group and 25 % (10/40) in the SSHA group. The difference was not statistically significant.Long term application of prophylaxis (regular radiotherapy lasts 4 weeks) causes discomfort to the patient because of the numerous subcutaneous injections.lt was the aim of a second trial to investigate the prophylactic efficacy of a single s.c. injection per day.80 patients were randomly allocated into two groups and received either 12500 U calcium heparin (n=40) or 12500 U SSHA (n=40). The incidence of D.V.T. was reduced to 15 % by a single heparin injection per day; in patients given SSHA the incidence was 17,5 %.The results presented indicate that SSHA is as effective as heparin in preventing D.V.T. during radiotherapy and that a single s.c. injection per day is sufficient.
Studies On Calcium-Activated Neutral Protease In Platelet
Authors: Sakon M , Ohno H , Kurokawa E , Kambayashi J , Kōsaki G 
Published: July 2018

It has been reported that platelet aggregation or release of arachidonic. acid in stimulated platelets is inhibited by protease inhibitors or by synthetic substrates for proteases, suggesting possible involvement of unknown proteases in the platelet reaction. The present study was initiated to identify such proteases in platelets.Subcellular fractions of bovine platelets were obtained according to the method of Barber and Jamieson and caseinolytic activity was studied in each fraction at pH 8.0 in the presence or absence of Ca2+, using fluorescamine method. A significant caseinolytic activity was detected in the soluble fraction but none in the fractions of plasma membrane or pellet. Then, this protease was partially purified from the soluble fraction by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation and subsequent column chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex G-150. The partially purified protease required Ca2+ strictly for its activity with the optimal concentration of 1 mM and pH optimum for the activity was 8.0, by which this enzyme was classified as a calcium-activated neutral protease. The molecular weight was estimated to be 135,000 by Andrew’s method. The activity of the protease was strongly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents but no enhancement of the activity was observed in the presence of cysteine or reduced glutathione. The inhibition of the activity by PMSF or DFP was observed only when the protease was preincubated at 25°C for 1 hour in the presence of Ca2+.From these observations, it may be suggested that the enzyme may possess calcium binding site independent of the catalytic site and that by changing the conformation of the enzyme Ca2+ may convert the enzyme from an inactive form to an active form. However, the physiological role of the enzyme in the platelet reaction has yet to be fully elucidated.
Complexing of Low Mr-Weight Human Urokinase In Rat Serum And Its Degradation Into Fragments Of Very Small Molecular Weight In Vivo But Not In Vitro
Authors: Schneider Ph , Ruegg M , Bachmann F 
Published: July 2018

Highly purified lew molecular weight urokinase (LMR-UK), moving on SDS-PAGE (reduced and nan-reduced) as a single band of 32 kdalton, was labelled with 125I by the chlora- mine-T method. 106 cpn of this 125I-LMr-UK (94% TCA preci- pitable) were injected into the inferior vena cava of la- par atomized albino rats, which were maintained at 37°C. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture 5, 30 and 90 min respectively after the injection. Serun, obtained from these samples, was fractionated on a Sephadex G-100 column, calibrated with proteins of known Mr. Radioactivity was measured in the collected fractions.In the 5 min sample, the radioactivity was distributed in 2 peaks, corresponding to 32 kdalton and to < 70 kdalton respectively. In the 30 min sample, the distribution was characterized by a diminution of the 32 kdalton peak and the appearance of a third peak corresponding to a Mr of < 4 kdalton. In the 90 min sample, the LMr-UK peak had disappeared almost completely. About 40% of the 125I-activity was present in a skewed high Mr peak with a broad maximum in the 85-100 kdalton region; ≥ 60% of the 125I-activity was recovered in late fractions corresponding to < 4 kdalton. In control experiments, pooled rat serum was incubated in vitro with 125I-LMr-UK for 5, 30 and 90 min respectively and samples were fractionated on the same column. The radioactivity distribution shewed only the 32 and > 70 kdalton peaks, but no < 4 kdalton peak.These results suggest that LMr-UK is complexed to a carrier protein, both in vivo and in vitro, but that it is degraded into small fragments in vivo only. Attempts to characterize the nature of these complexes are in progress.
A Novel Fibrinolytic Enzyme?
Authors: Pejhan Nooshabeh , Law Jacqueline A , Kemp Graham D 
Published: July 2018

It has been known for seme time that plasma contains acid proteinases and that such enzymes are capable of the eventual digestion of fibrin under the conditions of the monochloroacetic acid assay for factor XIII action. It has also been suggested that the enzyme responsible is pepsin, present in the circulation as pepsinogen. There is also a reported case of an individual with a tendency for abnormal bleeding but with no apparent defect apart frccn an increased rate of fibrin clot dissolution at acid pH. Factor XEII, fibrinogen and all other clotting factors were apparently normal.Characterisation of such acid proteinases has been hindered by their lew activity against conventional acid proteinase substrates. We have developed a more sensitive assay, based on fibrin clot dissolution. Using this we have noted differing rates of fibrin clot dissolution at acid pH in different individuals and isolated a relatively pure enzyme capable of digesting fibrin at acid pH. Its presence in a high molecular weight fraction and comparison of its mode of action on various substrates indicate same differences from pepsin(ogen). This, plus a more detailed examination of the properties of the substrate suggests that a role for this enzyme in physiological situations is not out of the question and that the designation of 'acid' proteinase may be inaccurate.
Antithrombin III Activity During Intravenous And Subcutaneous Treatment With Heparin In Patients With Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Holmgren K , Andersson G , Egberg N , Johnsson H , Ljungberg B , Wilhelmsson S 
Published: July 2018

Fifty patients with acute deep venous thrombosis in the leg were randomly allocated to either two daily subcutaneous injections (S.C.) or continuous intravenous infusion (I.V.) of heparin for at least five days. Most patients were given coumarols from the first day of heparin treatment. The amount of heparin required to maintain a prolongation of the APT-time 1 1/2 to 3 1/2 times was the same in both groups and daily heparin dosages varied between 25.000 and 50.000 units. Antithrombin III activity (AT III) was measured daily during heparin treatment and in some patients also AT III estimations were performed 1 to 12 months after heparin treatment i.e. during and after coumarol treatment.Results: The mean concentration of AT III decreased progressively in both groups during heparin treatment from about 95% to 70%. The decrease in AT III was the same in patients treated with heparin S.C. as in patients treated with heparin I.V.
Predisposing Factors To Thromboembolism In Patients With Cancer Of The Prostate
Authors: Benoit G , Maisonneuve P , Talley F , Limousin-Lamothe M A , Sultan Y , Steg A 
Published: July 2018

In a population of 64 patients with cancer of the prostate, 5 of them showed thromboembolic episodes after treatment with Diethyl Stilbestrol (DES) however no thromboembolic complication in patients treated with 17 bèta oestradiol (17βE2) was observed. Predisposing factors to thromboembolism were examined in untreated patients and in the same patients separated in two randomized groups after three months of treatment with either DES or 17βE2.Before treatment no significant modifications of coagulation factors platelet count, platelet functions, anti Till, plasminogen and fibrinogen levels were observed when compared to a control population of the same age. It was also established that lipids, triglycerides (TG) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were normal before treatment.After treatment, thromboembolic episodes were only observed in the group receiving DES. Although no modifications of platelets and coagulation factors were observed, a significant increase in TG and VLDL was found. In contrast in the 29 patients treated with 17βE2 no thromboembolic complication of either the coagulation profile or TG and VLDL levels was found.It is concluded therefore that the elevation of TG and VLDL was the only difference observed between patients treated with either DES or 17βE2. It is however unclear from our study how these parameters influence the coagulation process.It is proposed that other dynamic coagulation investigations have to be performed in order to assume the role of TG and VLDL predisposing factors to thromboembolism.
Differences in cell cycle between human adult aortic and Vena Cava SMC In Cell Culture. A Impuls-Cytophotometric Study
Authors: Thilo D G S , Heinrich D , Peifer E , Rudloff P 
Published: July 2018

Human aortic and vena cava SMCs show different growth pattern and proliferation rates in cell culture. We further tried to substantiate these differences by examination of the cell cycle phases with the impuls-cytophotometry(ICP). As reported in the previous abstract SMCs were established from explant cultures of human adult aortic and vena cava. After sufficient outgrowth the SMCs were subcultivated and used for cell cycle analysis at different intervals. Acridine orange(AO), ethidium bromide(Eb) and mithramycin(M) were used for nucleic acid staining followed by fluorescence microscopy. For ICP a nucleus suspension was prepared and stained with Eb/M.DNA-histogramms of SMC were recorded in a ICP 22 in combination with a 500-channel distribution analyzer. Results:Clear DNA-histogramms of SMC-suspension could not be obtained because of the large cell size and their tendency to form aggregates in suspension. Therefore, a nucleus suspension of the appropiate culture was prepared. The AO-stained SMCs show a green and red staining of the nucleus. In Eb/M-stained SMCs a uniformly staining was observed. Histogramms of proliferating art. SMC show a peak at 4N(about 50%), a second peak at 2N (about 40%) and a minor one at 8N (about 10%). In contrast we found only two peaks in the vena cava SMCs at 2 N (about 85%) and at 4N (about 15%).Summary: Again these results show that there a marked differences between the art and venous SMCs. These results fit with the microscopic examinations and the growth curves for both types of SMCs. These differences have to be considered of the effect of drugs on functions of SMCs are examined.
Thrombin Inhibiting Capacity Of Normal Aorta
Authors: Swedenborg J , Dryjski M , Olsson P 
Published: July 2018

The present investigation was designed to investigate the capacity of normal vessels to inactive activated coagulation enzymes.Fresh and frozen porcine and canine aortae were exposed in virto to thrombin, dissolved in an albumin solution. Thrombin activity appearing on the vascular wall was assayed with a chromogenic substrate (S-2238-Kabi). Aortic endothelium retained considerable amounts of thrombin. After exposure of the aorta with plasma, a rapid inactivation of thrombin was observed. Exposure of the thrombin-absorbed endothelium to a modified Ringer’s solution resulted in a much slower inactivation. A similar slow inactivation was seen after exposure with plasma devoid of anti thrombin III. No difference was observed between fresh aortae and those stored in a frozen state. No inactivation occured during the observation time when the thrombin-albumin solution was mixed with the modified Ringer’s solution without presence of aortic endothelium and when mixed with normal plasma only slow activation was seen.It is concluded that the aortic wall can take up thrombin and inactivate it. This occurs in the absence of plasma but it is greatly accelerated by plasma containing antithrombin III.
Plasma β-Thromboglobulin And Platelet Factor 4 In Patients With Chronic Renal Failure And Effect Of Hemodialysis
Authors: Endo Y , Mamiya M , Takahashi K ,   Satoh
Published: July 2018

We have reported that jS-thromboglobulin (β-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) increased in chronic renal failure. The purpose of the current study is to reveal a correlation between plasma β-TG (Amersham Corp. England) and renal function, a correlation between plasma β-TG and PF. (Abbott Lab., USA) and the effect of hemodialysis on patients with chronic renal failure.Significantly increased levels of plasma β-TG (76.8±25.5 ng/ml, p<0.01) were observed in 24 patients with chronic renal failure (BUN>20mg/dl), compared to normal subjects (13.2±5.6ng/ml). The increase in β-TG was highly correlated with BUN (r=0.651, p<0.01), creatinine (r=0.778, p<0.01) and creatinine clearance (r=-0.723, p<0.01). Although plasma PF4 (normal 5.0±2.0ng/ml) increased also, no statistical significance could be found. Statistical correlation between β-TG and PF4 was not found in these patients. This reason is thought to Be due to the difference of molecular weight (PF. 8000MW, β-TG 36000MW) and half-life (PF4 30min,β-TG 100min) The high levels of β-TG (89.4±3.4ng/ml) showed a further increase (109.4±5.8ng/dl, p<0.01) after dialysis. This is thought to be due to hemoconcentration, because of no adhesion of platelet to cellulose membrane but about 20% elevation in mean of other blood factors such as RBC, WBC, platelet, fibrinogen etc. The PF4 levels (before, 7.7±1.3ng/ml) which increased at 15min (55.2±19.6ng/ml, p<0.01) and 1 hr (23.7±8.4ng/ml, p< 0.01) are thought to be due to the influence of heparin infusion. The change in PF4. was not accompanied by the change in β-TG. During hemodialysis the decrease of other platelet functions such as adhesiveness, aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and PF3remained unchanged.
The Platelet Specific Proteins During Cardio Pulmonary Bypass
Authors: Cella G , Gallucci V , Vittadello O , Girolami A 
Published: July 2018

Cardiopulmonary bypass is extremely damaging to platelets. In fact, it causes a quantitative and qualitative alteration in their function.When platelets adhere and aggregate or are broken up on foreign surfaces they release their. granular contents. We evaluated the release of two platelet specific proteins B-thromboglobulin (BTG) and Platelet factor 4 (PF4) in 20 patients who underwent extracorporeal circulation for open heart surgery. All the patients were perfused with Pemco modular pump and a Bently disposable oxygenator. BTG and PF4 were estimated using commercial radioimmunoassay kits. A parallel release (basal value, under anesthesia and sternotomy, BTG:119.6 ng/ml, PF4:30 ng/ml) was present for both proteins in time dependent fashion until the end of extracorporeal circulation. High average levels were observed in patients in whom the bypass was stopped after about one hour (BTG 1606 ng/ml, PF4 745 ng/ml) and similarly in those in whom bypass was stopped after about two hours (BTG 1540 ng/ml, 745 ng/ml). No correlation was found either between the level of PF4 and the additional heparin administered after the initial standard dose (r = 0.29. p>0.10) and between the level of PF4 and the amount of heparin consumed during the bypass (r = 0.05, p>0.47).
The Effect Of Storage On Platelet Morpholog
Authors: Sturk A , Burt L M , Hakvoort T , ten cate J W , Crawford N 
Published: July 2018

Platelet concentrates were stored for one, two or three days at 4°C (unagitated) or room temperature (unagitated and linearly agitated). The morphology of platelets in platelet concentrates, directly after twice washing at room temperature and after 60 min incubation of the washed platelets at 37°C was investigated by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy.Platelets in the freshly prepared concentrates are slightly activated, i.e. show some pseudopod formation. At 4°C platelets rapidly loose their discoid shape. After three days their surface membrane shows extensive folding, they are slightly vacuolated and have lost most of their granules. Incubation of these cold-stored platelets at 37°C does not induce reversal to the discoid shape.Room temperature storage results in reversal of the slight initial platelet activation. After three days unagitated platelets are slightly more vacuolated than platelets stored with agitation. Room temperature storage usually results in remarkably well preserved, discoid platelets. Occasionally however, agitated platelet concentrates contain a high proportion of odd shaped cells. As platelets stored at 4°C did not became discoid after incubation at 37°, the altered membrane structure could provide an explanation for their short survival upon transfusion. Our results also provide a morphological correlation with the slightly better recovery and survival of platelets stored agitated vs.- non-agitated platelets at room temperature.
Differences In The Volume Of Stress Platelets And Vincristine Stimulated Platelets
Authors: Martin J F , Francis P , Lee L , Shaw T , Macpherson J , Penington D G 
Published: July 2018

The mechanisms by which thrombocytoses are produced are not understood. This study examines the size of platelets in thrombocytoses produced by two different stimuli.Rats were given Vincristine (0.1 mg/kg intravenously) which produced an increase in platelet count from 1.0 to 1.5 × 109/ml on day 5 without a preceding thrombocytopenia. The volume of platelets from an aliquot of the whole platelet population was measured daily using a Coulter ZF counter coupled to a 2000 channel multichannel analyser.Platelet volume was found to be log Gaussian with a mean modal volume of 2.44 f1. in a control group of rats (n=8). There was no significant difference between platelet volumes in the Vincristine treated group and the control group on any day.In a second experiment platelet antiserum (PAS) or saline (control) was injected into groups of five rats. PAS produced a platelet count of 8% relative to the control group on day 1. Platelet modal volume was measured daily and in the control group did not significantly vary from 2.28±0.14 f1. In the PAS group on day 1 platelet volume was 4.17 ±0.70 f1, an increase of 83%. By day 6 the platelet count was 1.6 × 109/ml. and modal volume was 2.42 ± 0.08 f1. Platelet volume and count returned to control group levels by days 8 and 9 respectively.Bone marrow microdensitometry showed a change in megakaryocyte ploidy number after injection of PAS.The rise in platelet counts produced by vincristine and after thrombocytopenia (stress platelets) are probably produced by different mechanisms.
Study Of A Membrane Physico-Chemical Mechanism Of The Platelet Anti-Aggregating Effect Of TicloPidin
Authors: Stoltz J F , Solagna S , Nicolas A , Verry M 
Published: July 2018

In view of earlier investigations which had revealed that Ticlopidin interferes with fatty acids, the authors decided to study the adsorption and penetration of the molecule on the platelet membrane, as well as its influence on the “membrane microviscosity” of the platelet membrane.The study was carried out using two different techniques:
- study of the adsorption-penetration and/or desorption kinetic by means of a molecule labeled 14C
- study of membrane microviscosity by fluoresence polarization measurement (anisotropy of light emission) after incorporating a fluorescent molecule (1.6 diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene - DHP)The measurements were carried out on normal platelet suspensions in a physiological salt medium (I = 0.145 M).The results reveal:
- very rapid fixation of the molecule, whatever the quantities involved (<10mins)
- absence of saturation of the adsorption sites, even at very high concentrations (> 400γ/ml).
- a very low reversibility of the fixation bond (approx. 25 %) estimated by elution and by elution competition.
- a decrease (15 %) in membrane microviscosity for concentrations superior to 200 γ/ml (membrane microviscosity usually increases during platelet activation due to aggregating agents).On the basis of these results the authors suggest that a physico-chemical mechanism of adsorption-penetration both in an on the platelet membrane might explain some of the biochemical and pharmacological effects observed