bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Future projection of summer surface air temperature trend over central India: Role of external forcing and internal variability
Authors: Nath Reshmita , Luo Yong , Chen Wen 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the relative contribution of internal variability and external forcings on summer (June–August) surface air temperature (SAT) over the central Indian landmass. Here we use Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM‐LE) data to assess the historical (1966–2005) and future (2010–2060) climate change in presence of internal climate variability. The summer SAT trend during the historical period exhibits an amplified cooling (<−3°C), whereas a warming trend (≥4°C) is projected in all the ensemble members under RCP8.5 scenario. The total trend is then partitioned into contributions from the externally forced response and internal climatic variability. Over the Indian region, the external forcing displays a strong cooling trend during the historical period and warming trend under RCP8.5 scenario. On the other hand, natural variability displays mainly cooling trends and it introduces a wide range of uncertainty to the future projection in climate models. In historical period, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), that is, ratio of external forcings and internal variability, is less than 1, which indicates that the internal climatic variability dominates over the forced response. But in future decades the SNR is much higher than 1, that is, external forcing overrides the internal variability. However, to a greater extent natural variability will mask the warming trend over the Indian region, even under RCP8.5 scenario.
Effects of pulsed laser and plasma interaction on Fe, Ni, Ti, and their oxides for LIBS Raman analysis in extraterrestrial environments
Authors: Schröder Susanne , Rammelkamp Kristin , Hanke Franziska , Weber Iris , Vogt David Sebastian , Frohmann Sven , Kubitza Simon , Böttger Ute , Hübers Heinz‐Wilhelm 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLaser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy have a high potential for in situ geochemical and mineralogical analyses for planetary exploration, in particular in combination. The SuperCam instrument onboard NASA's Mars 2020 rover will use both techniques together on another planet for the first time. The high‐power pulsed LIBS laser ablates material, and a small luminous plasma is produced for spectral analysis. The laser–matter interaction and the plasma shock wave can alter the sample surface, and new molecules can be produced, which deposit close to the LIBS ablation crater. Subsequent Raman analysis might then not sample the original structure. Here, we investigated pure metals (Fe, Ni, and Ti), the iron‐containing oxides hematite and ilmenite, and a fragment of the Gibeon meteorite in terrestrial ambient conditions, in simulated Martian atmospheric conditions, and in vacuum. LIBS ablation craters and their close proximity were studied with subsequent Raman analysis. Our analysis shows that Earth and Mars atmosphere provide enough oxygen in the LIBS plasma to produce oxides with metals from the sample. These can then be observed in the Raman data. Also, carbon was seen in some of the Raman data from the sample after the LIBS measurement. On hematite, a reduction of the mineral, that is, the presence of magnetite, was observed inside the LIBS crater for terrestrial and Martian atmospheric conditions and in vacuum. For the analysis and correct interpretation of Raman data it is important to be aware that alteration could have occurred by a preceding LIBS measurement. Raman analysis of several positions close to the LIBS ablation crater can help to infer the original and a possibly altered structure.
Effects of grassland management on overwintering bird communities
Authors: Johnson Amy E. M. , Sillett T. Scott , Luther David , Herrmann Valentine , Akre Thomas A. , McShea William J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTBirds that depend on grassland and successional‐scrub vegetation communities are experiencing a greater decline than any other avian assemblage in North America. Habitat loss and degradation on breeding and wintering grounds are among the leading causes of these declines. We used public and private lands in northern Virginia, USA, to explore benefits of grassland management and associated field structure on supporting overwintering bird species from 2013 to 2016. Specifically, we used non‐metric multidimensional scaling and multispecies occupancy models to compare species richness and habitat associations of grassland‐obligate and successional‐scrub species during winter in fields comprised of native warm‐season grasses (WSG) or non‐native cool‐season grasses (CSG) that were managed at different times of the year. Results demonstrated positive correlations of grassland‐obligate species with decreased vegetation structure and a higher percentage of grass cover, whereas successional‐scrub species positively correlated with increased vegetation structure and height and increased percentages of woody stems, forb cover, and bare ground. Fields of WSG supported higher estimated total and target species richness compared to fields of CSG. Estimated species richness was also influenced by management timing, with fields managed during the previous winter or left unmanaged exhibiting higher estimated richness than fields managed in summer or fall. Warm‐season grass fields managed in the previous winter or left unmanaged had higher estimated species richness than any other treatment group. This study identifies important winter habitat associations (e.g., vegetation height and field openness) with species abundance and richness and can be used to make inferences about optimal management practices for overwintering avian species in eastern grasslands of North America. © 2019 The Authors.Journal of Wildlife ManagementPublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Prevention of Vascular Inflammation by Pterostilbene via Trimethylamine‐N‐Oxide Reduction and Mechanism of Microbiota Regulation
Authors: Koh Yen‐Chun , Li Shiming , Chen Pei‐Yu , Wu Jia‐Ching , Kalyanam Nagabhushanam , Ho Chi‐Tang , Pan Min‐Hsiung 
Published: August 2019

ScopeA gut‐microbiota‐dependent metabolite of L‐carnitine, trimethylamine‐N‐oxide (TMAO), has been recently discovered as an independent and dose‐dependent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aims to investigate the effects of pterostilbene on reducing TMAO formation and on decreasing vascular inflammation in carnitine‐feeding mice.Methods and resultsC57BL/6 mice are treated with 1.3% carnitine in drinking water with or without pterostilbene supplementation. Using LC‐MS/MS, the result shows that mice treated with 1.3% carnitine only significantly increased the plasma TMAO and pterostilbene supplementation group can reverse it. Additionally, pterostilbene decreases hepatic flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) mRNA levels compared to carnitine only group. It appears that pterostilbene can alter host physiology and create an intestinal microenvironment favorable for certain gut microbiota. Gut microbiota analysis reveals that pterostilbene increases the abundance of Bacteroides. Further, pterostilbene decreases mRNA levels of vascular inflammatory markers tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1), and E‐selectin).ConclusionThese data suggest that amelioration of carnitine‐induced vascular inflammation after consumption of pterostilbene is partially mediated via modulation of gut microbiota composition and hepatic enzyme FMO3 gene expression.
Pru p 3‐Glycodendropeptides Based on Mannoses Promote Changes in the Immunological Properties of Dendritic and T‐Cells from LTP‐Allergic Patients
Authors: Palomares Francisca , Ramos‐Soriano Javier , Gomez Francisca , Mascaraque Ainhoa , Bogas Gador , Perkins James Richard , Gonzalez Miguel , Torres Maria Jose , Diaz‐Perales Araceli , Rojo Javier , Mayorga Cristobalina 
Published: August 2019

ScopeGlycodendropeptides (GDPs) functionalized with mannose can enhance allergen interaction with dendritic cells (DCs) via C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs), modulating the immune response. They can present multiple peptides and have potential applications for diagnosis and treatment of food allergy (FA). The immune response induced by GDPs with mannose and Pru p 3 peptides (mono/tetravalent) with ester (D1ManPrup3/D4ManPrup3) or ether linkers (D1Man‐O‐Prup3/D4Man‐O‐Prup3) in lipid‐transfer‐protein‐allergic patients and tolerant controls is analyzed.Methods and resultsThe immunological response induced by GDPs is studied by assessing monocyte‐derived‐DC maturation, lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and basophil response by flow cytometry. DnManPrup3 was recognized by DCs via CLRs inducing DC maturation in all subjects. However, CCR7 expression is significantly upregulated in allergic patients compared to tolerant controls. These changes correlate with lymphocyte proliferation and specific production of Th2/Th1 cytokines in allergic patients. Moreover, D1ManPrup3 does not induce basophil activation.ConclusionDnManPrup3 induces changes in DC maturation and lymphocyte proliferation, indicating specific recognition via CLRs. Prup3‐GDPs are recognized by immune cells, inducing a specific immune response and modulating the immunological response in FA patients. The specific geometry of D1ManPrup3 in particular makes it a potential candidate for specific immunotherapy development.
On adaptive mesh for the initial boundary value singularly perturbed delay Sobolev problems
Authors: Chiyaneh Akbar Barati , Duru Hakki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA uniform finite difference method on a B‐mesh is applied to solve the initial‐boundary value problem for singularly perturbed delay Sobolev equations. To solve the foresold problem, finite difference scheme on a special nonuniform mesh, whose solution converges point‐wise independently of the singular perturbation parameter is constructed and analyzed. The present paper also aims at discussing the stability and convergence analysis of the method. An error analysis shows that the method is of second order convergent in the discrete maximum norm independent of the perturbation parameter. A numerical example and the simulation results show the effectiveness of our theoretical results.
Ultrafast Fiber Lasers for Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Dupriez Pascal 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultiphoton excitation with ultrashort laser pulses has enabled high‐resolution imaging in biomedical applications, specifically for in‐vivo analyses in neurosciences. With the growth of microscopy techniques, laser technology has evolved. A new generation of femtosecond fiber lasers has recently emerged, outclassing conventional solid‐state lasers, owing to their remarkable high performance, small size, low cost, and high reliability. The attractive features have proved to be key benefits in a various number of imaging applications, particularly in neurosciences.
An integrated method for quantifying and managing extreme weather risks and liabilities for industrial infrastructure and operations
Authors: Kytomaa Harri K. , Boehm Paul , Osteraas John , Haddad Bob , Hacker Josh , Gilman Lindsey , Jampole Ezra , Murphy Patrick , Souri Shukri 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe physical forces and environmental stressors that occur during extreme weather events place facilities at risk for infrastructure failures, loss of operation and production, and highly impactful chemical releases, all of which directly affect a company's bottom line. Hurricane Harvey (2017) resulted in over 100 such failures and chemical releases. There is a pressing need today for risk predictions that incorporate and account for evolving environmental factors such as continuous sea level rise. Such nonstatic (nonstationary) risk management approaches will allow us to more accurately predict storm surge flooding as a function of time and provide more realistic short‐term and long‐term (on the order of decades) predictions to assist in actionable planning. An integrated three‐part approach to assessing the risk of infrastructure damage and chemical releases and the resulting business and legal consequences are presented in this work. This approach consists of (a) temporally variant and spatially localized probabilistic predictions of flooding and forces related to flooding (FloodScore) with unprecedented resolution; (b) detailed impact predictions on facility infrastructure including structural, mechanical, and electrical elements based on the predictions from step (a); and (c) a quantitative means of scoring the environmental/financial risk and consequences of chemicals released as derived from step (b). This integrated approach, which assesses risk of losses in both the near term and out to 50 years in the future, includes the assessment of ecological and human impact levels and provides actionable information for resiliency and risk mitigation planning.
Rare but conceivable: Determining the likelihood of meteors and other infrequent events
Authors: Schmidt Michael S. , Vega‐Westhoff Maria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the aftermath of a rare but devastating disaster, there is a tendency to overestimate how frequent such an event may be, hence a tendency to overestimate the risk associated with such an event. Those concerned with process safety will acknowledge that though rare, events like meteors, hurricanes, and airplane crashes that can impact chemical plants are conceivable. Typically, though, they have nothing more than feelings to decide whether these events are likely enough to be considered “credible.” This compiles data from the literature for several “meteors,” both natural and man‐made, that often become a cause of general concern after such an event occurs: meteors, earthquakes, and tsunamis; tornadoes and hurricanes; and airplane crashes, pipeline ruptures, train derailments, and truck crashes. It provides data and describes approaches to estimating the frequency of such events at a specific facility based on its location. With these frequencies, process risk analysts can then determine which, if any, of these events is sufficiently likely to warrant further attention.
A seasonal forecasting procedure for reservoir inflows in Central Asia
Authors: Dixon Samuel G. , Wilby Robert L. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study develops a procedure for seasonal forecasting river discharge from headwaters above strategically important hydropower plants in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The El Niño Southern Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, and Indian Ocean Dipole indices were used as inputs. Predictability was evaluated for average summer inflows conditional on the tercile of the preceding winter climate mode. We find that the winter Niño 3.4 index was significantly positively correlated with following summer inflows to Nurek, Andijan, and Toktogul reservoirs during the period 1941–1980. Kruskal–Wallis and Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests show significant differences in the distributions of summer inflows depending on previous winter Niño 3.4 for all three reservoirs. At Nurek, summer inflows were on average 19% greater following a winter El Niño. During 1941–2016, mean summer inflows to Nurek reservoir linked to previous November–December Niño 3.4 achieved a Heidke Hit Proportion of 51–59% (compared with 33% expected by chance). Acceptable predictions of summer inflow volume were made 44% of the time. Higher inflows are explained by a south‐westerly moisture flux that brings above average precipitation to Central Asia during winter El Niño conditions. Our procedure requires limited data, technical or computing resources—all considerations in data sparse, low capacity regions. Given planned developments of other large, headwater impoundments in Central Asia, early outlooks of discharge could contribute to improved dam safety, economic performance, and transboundary water sharing around such projects.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Direct C‐H Arylation of Thiophene in Aqueous Media via Potassium Peroxymonosulfate
Authors: Özenler Sezer , Kaya Hakan , Elmaci Nuran , Yildiz Umit Hakan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study covers the use of potassium peroxymonosulfate (PPS) which, is a mild and inexpensive catalyst, for direct coupling of C–H/C–H for water soluble thiophene. The 3‐(4‐methyl‐3′‐ thienyloxy)propyltriethylammonium bromide (M1) has been selected as model monomer that reacted PPS in 2.0, 0.20 and 0.020 monomer to PPS ratio. The reaction has been monitored via NMR spectroscopy revealing the monomer consumption and formation of dimers to tetramers as well as completion of reaction within 15 minutes. Resultant product is easily collected without tedious work up steps. The computational calculation has optimized the regularity of the coupling as head to tail, tail to tail, head to tail (HT‐TT‐HT) for tetramer. The regularity of tetramer which is further satisfied via NMR analysis showing emergence of new peaks at 3.56 and 4.48. The shifts in the UV maximum of reactive species have been monitored by absorbance spectroscopy showing time dependent red shift corresponds to growing from monomer to tetramers. The reaction has self‐stopped due to low solubility of moderate condensates (higher than trimer), however further experiments have performed in water‐organic mixtures showed great promises to obtain higher condensates.
Material and Interface Engineering for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells: A Personal Journey and Perspective
Authors: Qiu Jianhang , Yang Shihe 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHybrid organic‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a shining star in the photovoltaic field due to their spectacular increase in power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8 % to over 23 % in just few years, opening up the potential in addressing the important future energy and environment issues. The excellent photovoltaic performance can be attributed to the unique properties of the organometal halide perovskite materials, including high absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap, high defect tolerance, and excellent charge transport characteristics. The authors entered this field when pursuing research on dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) by leveraging nanorods arrays for vectorial transport of the extracted electrons. Soon after, we and others realized that while the organometal halide perovskite materials have excellent intrinsic properties for solar cells, interface engineering is at least equally important in the development of high‐performance PSCs, which includes surface defect passivation, band alignment, and heterojunction formation. Herein, we will address this topic by presenting the historical development and recent progress on the interface engineering of PSCs primarily of our own group. This review is mainly focused on the material and interface design of the conventional n‐i‐p, inverted p‐i‐n and carbon electrode‐based structure devices from our own experience and perspective. Finally, the challenges and prospects of this area for future development will also be discussed.
Challenging the osseous component of sphenoorbital meningiomas
Authors: Maschke Svenja , Martínez-Moreno Mauricio , Micko Alexander , Millesi Matthias , Minchev Georgi , Mallouhi Ammar , Knosp Engelbert , Wolfsberger Stefan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
Intraosseous growth is a unique feature of sphenoorbital meningiomas (SOM). Its close relation to neurovascular structures limits complete surgical resection and possibly contributes to the high recurrence rate.

Objective
To evaluate the growth behavior of intraosseous remnants and develop a protocol for precise intraoperative visualization of intraosseous SOM.

Methods
We included 31 patients operated for SOM from 2004 to 2017. The growth velocity of the intraosseous tumor component was volumetrically calculated in 20 cases. To improve accuracy of image guidance, we implemented a specialized bone surface-based registration algorithm. For intraoperative bone visualization, we included CT in multimodality continuous image guidance in 23 patients. The extent of resection (EOR) was compared with a standard MR-only navigation group (n = 8).

Results
In 11/20 cases (55%), a progressive regrowth of the intraosseous SOM remnant was noted during a mean follow-up of 52 months (range 20–132 months). We observed a mean increase of 6.2 cm3 (range 0.2–23.7 cm3) per patient and side during the follow-up period. Bone surface-based registration was significantly more accurate than skin surface-based registration (mean 0.7 ± 0.4 mm and 1.9 ± 0.7 mm, p < 0.001). The EOR of the intraosseous component was significantly higher using CT + MRI navigation compared with controls (96% vs. 81%, p = 0.044).

Conclusion
Quantitative assessment of the biological behavior of intraosseous remnants revealed a continuous slow growth rate independent of the soft tumor component of more than half of SOM. According to our data, application of a multimodal image guidance provided high accuracy and significantly increased the resection rate of the intraosseous component of SOM.
Arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction using a human dermal allograft in patients with and without preoperative pseudoparalysis
Authors: Eigenschink Martin , Pauzenberger Leo , Laky Brenda , Anderl Werner , Ostermann Roman C. , Heuberer Philipp R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Massive irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCT) may cause severe functional impairment and pain as a result of loss of superior humeral stability. Reconstruction of the superior capsule (SCR) has been reported to restore glenohumeral stability and function.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate short-term functional and radiological outcome after arthroscopic SCR with a human dermal allograft for irreparable RCT.

Methods
In total, 21 patients (mean age 65.9 years, 50–77), who underwent arthroscopic SCR were prospectively enrolled in the present study. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) were obtained before and 12 months after surgery to evaluate graft survival. Functional and subjective outcome including the Constant score (CS), the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES), and the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) was evaluated preoperatively as well as 3–6 and 12 months postoperatively and was compared between patients with and without preoperative pseudoparalysis. Complications were recorded.

Results
The MRI evaluation revealed intact grafts in 71.4% of patients 1 year postoperatively; these patients showed significant improvements from baseline to follow-up time points regarding the total CS and its subgroups pain, activity of living, range of motion, strength, ASES, and SST (p < 0.01). Pseudoparalysis was present in 57.1% of cases preoperatively, but was reversed in 100% of cases with intact graft at the 1‑year follow-up. The outcome was similar between groups at final follow-up. Complications occurred in 29% (one infection, five graft failures) of patients and were indications for treatment with reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

Conclusion
Arthroscopic SCR with a human dermal allograft in patients with irreparable RCT restored shoulder function and relieved pain in patients without and with preoperative pseudoparalysis.