bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Madden–Julian Oscillations Seen in the Upper-Troposphere Vorticity Field: Interactions with Rossby Wave Trains
Authors: Wang Danyang , Yano Jun-Ichi , Lin Yanluan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe vorticity variability associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) is examined. The analysis is focused on the 150-hPa pressure level, because a clear dipolar-vortex signal, reminiscent of the theoretically proposed strongly nonlinear solitary Rossby wave solution (albeit with the opposite sign), is seen in raw data at that level. A local empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis over the equatorial region of the Eastern Hemisphere (0°–180°E) identifies the two principal components representing an eastward propagation of a dipolar vortex trapped to the equator. Association of this propagation structure with the moist convective variability of the MJO is demonstrated by regressing the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) against this EOF pair. The obtained evolution of the OLR field is similar to the one obtained by a direct application of the EOF to the OLR. A link of the local vorticity variability associated with the MJO to the global dynamics is further investigated by regressing the global vorticity field against the time series of the identified local EOF pair. The Rossby wave trains tend to propagate toward the Indian Ocean from higher latitudes, just prior to an initiation of the MJO, and in turn, they propagate back toward the higher latitudes from the MJO active region over the Indian Ocean. A three-dimensional regression reveals an equivalent barotropic structure of the MJO vortex pair with the signs opposite to those at 150 hPa underneath. A vertical normal mode analysis finds that this vertical structure is dominated by the equivalent height of about 10 km.
Effects of Inclusion of Adjoint Sea Ice Rheology on Backward Sensitivity Evolution Examined Using an Adjoint Ocean–Sea Ice Model
Authors: Toyoda Takahiro , Hirose Nariaki , Urakawa L. Shogo , Tsujino Hiroyuki , Nakano Hideyuki , Usui Norihisa , Fujii Yosuke , Sakamoto Kei , Yamanaka Goro 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs part of the ongoing development of an ocean data assimilation system for operational ocean monitoring and seasonal prediction, an adjoint sea ice model was developed that incorporates sea ice rheology, which was omitted from previously developed adjoint models to avoid model instability. The newly developed adjoint model was merged with the existing system to construct a global ocean–sea ice adjoint model. A series of sensitivity experiments, in which idealized initial values were given for the adjoint sea ice area fraction and thickness, were conducted, with particular attention to the differences between the cases with free-drift approximation in the adjoint sea ice model as in previous studies and with full sea ice dynamics including rheology. The internal stress effects represented in the adjoint rheology induced remarkable differences in the evolution of the initialized and generated adjoint variables, such as for the sea ice velocity by O(102) in magnitude, which highlighted the importance of the adjoint rheology in the central Arctic Ocean. In addition, sensitivities with respect to the nonprognostic variables associated with the sea ice dynamics were obtained only through the adjoint rheology. These results suggested a potential for providing an improved global atmosphere–ocean–sea ice state estimation through a four-dimensional variational approach with the adjoint sea ice model as developed in this study.
Repeated Eyewall Replacement Cycles in Hurricane Frances (2004)
Authors: Molinari John , Zhang Jun A. , Rogers Robert F. , Vollaro David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHurricane Frances (2004) represented an unusual event that produced three consecutive overlapping eyewall replacement cycles (ERCs). Their evolution followed some aspects of the typical ERC. The strong primary eyewalls contracted and outward-sloping secondary eyewalls formed near 3 times the radius of maximum winds. Over time these secondary eyewalls shifted inward, became more upright, and replaced the primary eyewalls. In other aspects, however, the ERCs in Hurricane Frances differed from previously described composites. The outer eyewall wind maxima became stronger than the inner in only 12 h, versus 25 h for average ERCs. More than 15 m s−1 outflow peaked in the upper troposphere during each ERC. Relative vorticity maxima peaked at the surface but extended to mid- and upper levels. Mean 200-hPa zonal velocity was often from the east, whereas ERC environments typically have zonal flow from the west. These easterlies were produced by an intense upper anticyclone slightly displaced from the center and present throughout the period of multiple ERCs. Inertial stability was low at almost all azimuths at 175 hPa near the 500-km radius during the period of interest. It is hypothesized that the reduced resistance to outflow associated with low inertial stability aloft induced deep upward motion and rapid intensification of the secondary eyewalls. The annular hurricane index of Knaff et al. showed that Hurricane Frances met all the criteria for annular hurricanes, which make up only 4% of all storms. It is argued that the annular hurricane directly resulted from the repeated ERCs following Wang’s reasoning.
Human Factors Engineering Contributions to Infection Prevention and Control
Authors: Drews Frank A. , Visnovsky Lindsay C. , Mayer Jeanmarie 
Published: March 2019

Objective: This article provides a review of areas that present significant challenges in infection prevention and control and describes human factors engineering (HFE) approaches that have been applied successfully to these areas. In addition, implications and recommendations for HFE use in future research are discussed. Background: Infection prevention and control aims to prevent patients and health care personnel from acquiring preventable infections in healthcare. Effective infection control practices of healthcare-associated infections have recently become even more critical with the emergence of life-threatening infections. HFE could benefit infection prevention and control in addressing older and more recent challenges, but uptake has been limited. Method/Results: This literature review is an integration and synthesis of recently published research that describes HFE-based approaches in infection prevention and control to address the challenges for three specific topics. The results of the review suggests that HFE is in a position to support work in infection prevention and control and improve overall healthcare safety. Conclusion: HFE provides conceptual frameworks and methods that have significant potential to improve infection prevention and control. Application: The work reviewed can provide potential solutions for current infection prevention and control challenges by applying HFE based recommendations.
Treatment of atrophic nonunion via autogenous ilium grafting assisted by vertical fixation of double plates: A case series of patients
Authors: Sun Liang , Li Zhong , Ma Teng , Xue Han-Zhong , Wang Qian , Lu Dai-Gang , Lu Yao , Ren Cheng , Li Ming , Zhang Kun 
Published: March 2019

Objective To investigate the efficacy of the treatment of atrophic nonunion using structural autogenous ilium bone grafting in combination with vertical fixation of double plates. Methods This retrospective study analysed the clinical data from consecutive patients with atrophic nonunion who underwent autogenous ilium grafting in combination with double-plate vertical fixation. The injury type and the bone affected by nonunion, the duration of nonunion and the outcomes following surgery were recorded for all patients. Results The study enrolled 43 patients with atrophic nonunion of the upper and lower limbs: 17 patients with tibial nonunion, 21 with femoral nonunion, four with humeral nonunion and one with radial shaft nonunion. The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 14.5 months (range, 8–28 months). A total of 43 of 43 patients (100%) achieved a healed nonunion fracture without the occurrence of complications such as infection, fracture of internal fixation or pain in the harvesting site. Comprehensive postoperative assessments of bone healing and function were observed to be good and/or excellent in all 43 patients. Conclusion Structural autogenous ilium grafting used in combination with double-plate vertical fixation can provide a stable structural environment for near optimal bone healing in patients with atrophic nonunion.
Comparison of anterior, posterior, and anterior combined with posterior surgical treatment of thoracic and lumbar spinal tuberculosis: a systematic review
Authors: Bian Zhouliang , Gui Yiding , Feng Fan , Shen Hongxing , Lao Lifeng 
Published: March 2019

Background This study was performed to compare different surgical approaches in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. Methods We conducted a literature search to identify and analyze papers published from January 1966 to April 2018 relevant to comparison of the anterior, posterior, and anterior combined with posterior approaches in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis of the thoracic and lumbar regions. Results Twenty-five studies involving 2295 patients were identified in this systematic review. The operative time was significantly longer in the anterior combined with posterior approach than in the other two approaches. Blood loss was significantly greater in the anterior combined with posterior approach (1125.0 ± 275.5 mL) than in the posterior approach (710.4 ± 192.4 mL). The difference in correction of the kyphosis angle among the three procedures was not significant. The overall surgical and transthoracic complications were significantly lower in the posterior approach. The clinical outcome of all patients improved, but there was no significant difference among the three procedures. Conclusions Blood loss, overall surgical and transthoracic complications, and the operative time are different among the three approaches. Therefore, different factors must be carefully assessed in deciding among the three procedures.
Effect of continuous care intervention on the quality of life in patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction
Authors: Tang Fang , Cheng Zongyan , Wen Xianxiu , Guan Jinying 
Published: March 2019

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of continuous care intervention on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with neurogenic bladder. Methods Eighty-two patients with neurogenic bladder dysfunction caused by spinal cord injury were included into the study. All of the patients had continuous care intervention (for 3 months), including clean intermittent self-catheterization, drinking guidance, and bladder training guidance. A health record was established for each patient before discharge and was used to record changes in the patients when followed up. Scores of QoL, which were based on the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF, occurrence of complications, and compliance of all patients were recorded. Results After 3-month care intervention, there were significantly fewer complications than before the intervention. Patients’ compliance and QoL were significantly higher after 3 months of care intervention than before the intervention. Conclusion Continuous care intervention can improve patients’ compliance and reduce urinary complications.
Understanding Role of Market-orientated IT Competence and Knowledge Sharing Mechanism in Gaining Competitive Advantage
Authors: Singh Alok Kumar , Verma Jyoti , Verma Rajeev 
Published: March 2019

Contemporary research on start-up firms primarily focuses on business ecosystem and assessing its contribution into the mainstream business economies. Research featuring investments in information technology (IT) and market-oriented IT (MOIT) competence to facilitate the flow of firm innovativeness (FI) across multisectoral start-ups is yet to be identified. Further, the role of innovation orientation (IO)-enabled firm innovativeness (FI) on sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) needs further exploration in the light of customer orientation (CO) of the enterprise. It is partially because the underlying mechanism remains largely unexplored in the context of rippling start-ups. In the current research, we conceptualized and tested a model that examines the role of MOIT competence and knowledge sharing mechanism (KSM) on FI and SCA, in the light of Resource Advantage (R-A) theory and SD logic (SDL) framework. This model also proposes and establishes IO as an important enabler for firm’s competitive advantage. Using a sample of 267 start-up ventures registered under Start-up India Programme (DIPP, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India), we tested above-mentioned relationship using SPSS AMOS 22. Results show that MOIT competence is an important enabler for FI and in turn SCA of the firm. CO strongly moderates the role of IO on firm’s competitive advantage.
Bartonella henselae Bloodstream Infection in a Boy With Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome
Authors: Breitschwerdt Edward B , Greenberg Rosalie , Maggi Ricardo G , Mozayeni B Robert , Lewis Allen , Bradley Julie M 
Published: March 2019

Background: With the advent of more sensitive culture and molecular diagnostic testing modalities, Bartonella spp. infections have been documented in blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with diverse neurological symptoms. Pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) is characterized by an unusually abrupt onset of cognitive, behavioral, or neurological symptoms. Between October 2015 and January 2017, a 14-year-old boy underwent evaluation by multiple specialists for sudden-onset psychotic behavior (hallucinations, delusions, suicidal and homicidal ideation). Methods: In March 2017, Bartonella spp. serology (indirect fluorescent antibody assays) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, DNA sequencing, and Bartonella enrichment blood culture were used on a research basis to assess Bartonella spp. exposure and bloodstream infection, respectively. PCR assays targeting other vector-borne infections were performed to assess potential co-infections. Results: For 18 months, the boy remained psychotic despite 4 hospitalizations, therapeutic trials involving multiple psychiatric medication combinations, and immunosuppressive treatment for autoimmune encephalitis. Neurobartonellosis was diagnosed after cutaneous lesions developed. Subsequently, despite nearly 2 consecutive months of doxycycline administration, Bartonella henselae DNA was PCR amplified and sequenced from the patient’s blood, and from Bartonella alphaproteobacteria growth medium enrichment blood cultures. B henselae serology was negative. During treatment with combination antimicrobial chemotherapy, he experienced a gradual progressive decrease in neuropsychiatric symptoms, cessation of psychiatric drugs, resolution of Bartonella-associated cutaneous lesions, and a return to all pre-illness activities. Conclusions: This case report suggests that B henselae bloodstream infection may contribute to progressive, recalcitrant neuropsychiatric symptoms consistent with PANS in a subset of patients.
The Relationship Between Frailty and Decreased Physical Performance With Death on the Kidney Transplant Waiting List
Authors: Lorenz Elizabeth C. , Cosio Fernando G. , Bernard Shari L. , Bogard Steven D. , Bjerke Brian R. , Geissler Elizabeth N. , Hanna Steven W. , Kremers Walter K. , Cheng Yijing , Stegall Mark D. , Cheville Andrea L. , LeBrasseur Nathan K. 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: Frailty and decreased physical performance are associated with poor outcomes after kidney transplant. Less is known about their relationship with pretransplant outcomes. The aim of this study was to characterize associations between frailty and physical performance with death on the kidney transplant waiting list. Design: Since December 2014, high-risk kidney transplant candidates at our center (age > 59, diabetic and/or history of >3 years dialysis) have undergone frailty and physical performance testing using Fried Criteria and the Short Physical Performance Battery. Results: Between December 2014 and November 2016, 272 high-risk candidates underwent testing and were approved for transplant. Both frailty and physical performance score were significantly associated with death on the waiting list (hazard ratio [HR]: 6.7, confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-30.1; P = .01; HR: 0.8 per 1-point increase, CI: 0.7-1.0; P = .02, respectively). The relationship between frailty, physical performance score, and death on the waiting list appeared to be independent of age, diabetes, or duration of dialysis. Discussion: Frailty and decreased physical performance appear to be independently associated with increased mortality on the kidney transplant waiting list. Further studies are needed to determine whether improving frailty and physical performance prior to transplant can decrease waiting list mortality.
High-Density Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation as Treatment for Ankle Osteochondral Defects
Authors: López-Alcorocho Juan Manuel , Guillén-Vicente Isabel , Rodríguez-Iñigo Elena , Navarro Ramón , Caballero-Santos Rosa , Guillén-Vicente Marta , Casqueiro Mercedes , Fernández-Jaén Tomás F. , Sanz Fernando , Arauz Santiago , Abelow Steve , Guillén-García Pedro 
Published: March 2019

Purpose Two-year follow-up to assess efficacy and safety of high-density autologous chondrocyte implantation (HD-ACI) in patients with cartilage lesions in the ankle. Design Twenty-four consecutive patients with International Cartilage repair Society (ICRS) grade 3-4 cartilage lesions of the ankle were included. Five million chondrocytes per cm2 of lesion were implanted using a type I/III collagen membrane as a carrier and treatment effectiveness was assessed by evaluating pain with the visual analogue scale (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score at baseline, 12-month, and 24-month follow-up, together with dorsal and plantar flexion. Magnetic resonance observation for cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) score was used to evaluate cartilage healing. Histological study was possible in 5 cases. Results Patients’ median age was 31 years (range 18-55 years). Median VAS score was 8 (range 5-10) at baseline, 1.5 (range 0-8) at 12-month follow-up, and 2 (rang e0-5) at 24-month follow-up ( P < 0.001). Median AOFAS score was 39.5 (range 29-48) at baseline, 90 (range 38-100) at 12-month follow-up, and 90 (range 40-100) at 24-month follow-up ( P < 0.001). Complete dorsal flexion significantly increased at 12 months (16/24, 66.7%) and 24 months (17/24, 70.8%) with regard to baseline (13/24, 54.2%) ( P = 0.002). MOCART at 12- and 24-month follow-ups were 73.71 ± 15.99 and 72.33 ± 16.21. Histological study confirmed that neosynthetized tissue was cartilage with hyaline extracellular matrix and numerous viable chondrocytes. Conclusion HD-ACI is a safe and effective technique to treat osteochondral lesions in the talus, providing good clinical and histological results at short- and mid-term follow-ups.
Psycho-social impact of developmental dysplasia of the hip and of differential access to early diagnosis and treatment: A narrative study of young adults
Authors: Gambling Tina Samantha , Long Andrew 
Published: March 2019

Objectives: Symptomatic developmental dysplasia of the hip can present in the young, active adult patient and can lead to severe pain and disability at a young age. The overall aim of the study was to deepen the understanding of the impact of developmental dysplasia of the hip on young adults’ quality of life and psycho-social well-being, focusing on how differential access to early diagnosis impacted the trajectory of the disease and treatment options. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews and gathered online stories from 97 participants. A narrative and thematic analysis was used to integrate the dataset producing a multi-dimensional view. Results: A narrative plot showing how events unfolded over time was identified for each participant. Two common plots were identified: Plot 1 focused around those participants who received a prompt diagnosis and were treated within 12 months of diagnosis (n = 22) and Plot 2 focused around those who experienced a late/delayed diagnosis (mean = 8 years; range = 12–364 months) (n = 75) and thus delayed treatment. Participants in Plot 2 became more debilitated over time and experienced chronic hip pain for a prolonged period before an accurate diagnosis and/or intervention was made. It was clear from the narratives when pain persists over time, participants’ quality of life and psycho-social well-being were affected. Conclusions: Developmental dysplasia of the hip is an under-recognised condition; more research is needed to develop a clear clinical picture that can be used to alert frontline health professionals to the potential for developmental dysplasia of the hip so that they can promptly diagnose patients and refer them to specialist centres. Patients can also experience a profound impact on their quality of life and psycho-social well-being. Patients actively seek information from support groups about all aspects of their condition. Further research is required to determine the long-term impact of developmental dysplasia of the hip to develop evidence-based information for clinicians and patients.
Workflow efficiency pilot study of Surgery Viewer©: A secure hands-free intraoperative multimedia interface for Google Glass™
Authors: Ahmad Salman , Tann John , Gaddy John , McKenzie Aaron , Zentz Alan , Naumann Ben , Toy Sophia , Leighow Carla 
Published: March 2019

Background: The Google Glass™ heads-up-display system has been adopted by the medical field for applications such as image capture, live streaming and decision support. Methods: We designed a custom application for Google Glass™ called Surgery Viewer© to capture patient images and securely transfer them to the electronic medical record. Surgery Viewer© was compared to a standard digital camera and an Apple iOS© device using another image capture application. Comparative workflow metrics included timings of image capture and a usability survey. Results: Ten patients were studied in operating room and wound clinic settings. Average times to log in (Surgery Viewer©, Image Capture™) or turn on (digital camera) were 18.39 s, 9.91 s and 2.11 s for Surgery Viewer©, Image Capture™ and digital camera, respectively. In the operating room, the average times to select the correct patient were 3.06 s, 14.77 s and 4.45 s for Surgery Viewer©, Image Capture™ and digital camera, respectively. Average image capture times were 8.67 s, 7.77 s and 7.60 s for Surgery Viewer©, Image Capture™ and digital camera, respectively. Images captured by Surgery Viewer© and Image Capture™ were instantaneously uploaded to the electronic medical record, but digital camera images took on average 1522 s to be uploaded. In the wound clinic, the average times to select the correct patient were 16.29 s, 7.35 s and 4.63 s for Surgery Viewer©, Image Capture™ and digital camera, respectively. Image capture times were 9.55 s, 5.28 s and 3.47 s, respectively. Digital camera took on average 27,758 s to upload. Conclusion: Surgery Viewer© performed equivalently with Image Capture™ while digital camera took longer to upload. Users found the application easy to learn with Surgery Viewer© concerns, including log on procedure, ambient distraction from voice recognition, viewfinder perspective and battery life.