bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency‐dependent lipid raft uptake at rat diaphragm muscle axon terminals
Authors: Gonzalez Porras Maria A. , Fogarty Matthew J. , Gransee Heather M. , Sieck Gary C. , Mantilla Carlos B. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In motor neurons, cholera toxin B (CTB) binds to the cell‐surface ganglioside GM1 and is internalized and transported via structurally unique components of plasma membranes (lipid rafts). Methods: Lipid raft uptake by axon terminals adjoining type‐identified rat diaphragm muscle fibers was investigated using CTB and confocal imaging. Results: Lipid raft uptake increased significantly at higher frequency stimulation (80 Hz), compared with lower frequency (20 Hz) and unstimulated (0 Hz) conditions. The fraction of axon terminal occupied by CTB was ∼45% at 0‐ or 20‐Hz stimulation, and increased to ∼65% at 80 Hz. Total CTB fluorescence intensity also increased (∼20%) after 80‐Hz stimulation compared with 0 Hz. Discussion: Evidence of increased lipid raft uptake at high stimulation frequencies supports an important role for lipid raft signaling at rat diaphragm muscle axon terminals, primarily for motor units physiologically activated at the higher frequencies. Muscle Nerve 59:611–611, 2019
Heterogeneity in Response to Treatment of Adolescents with Severe Obesity: The Need for Precision Obesity Medicine
Authors: Ryder Justin R. , Kaizer Alexander M. , Jenkins Todd M. , Kelly Aaron S. , Inge Thomas H. , Shaibi Gabriel Q. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTreating pediatric severe obesity is challenging because of the complex biological, behavioral, and environmental factors that underpin the disease. The multifactorial etiology of obesity combined with the physiologic complexity of the energy regulatory system contributes to treatment variability. The goal of this secondary analysis of pooled data was to describe the degree of individual variation in response to various interventions among adolescents with severe obesity.MethodsData from three centers across the United States conducting either lifestyle (n = 53), pharmacotherapy (n = 40), or metabolic and bariatric surgery (n = 78) interventions were pooled. Inclusion criteria were severe obesity at baseline and at least one follow‐up visit > 30 days after treatment start.ResultsChange in BMI following intervention ranged from −50.2% to +12.9%, with each intervention (lifestyle [range: −25.4% to 5.0%], pharmacotherapy [range: −10.8% to 12.9%], and metabolic and bariatric surgery [range: −50.2% to −13.3%]) exhibiting wide individual variation in response. Changes in cardiometabolic risk factors demonstrated similarly high variability.ConclusionsAdolescents with severe obesity demonstrated a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of BMI reduction and cardiometabolic risk factor response across treatment modalities. Reporting individual response data in trials and identifying factors driving variability in response will be vital for advancing precision medicine approaches to address obesity.
Surface‐Group‐Oriented, Condensation Cyclization‐Driven, Nitrogen‐Doping Strategy for the Preparation of a Nitrogen‐Species‐Tunable, Carbon‐Material‐Supported Pd Catalyst
Authors: Lu Chunshan , Zhang Xuejie , Qi Yani , Ji Haoke , Zhu Qianwen , Wang Hao , Zhou Yebin , Feng Zhenlong , Li Xiaonian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA nitrogen‐carbon framework with the thickness of several molecules was fabricated through a straightforward nitrogen‐doping strategy, in which specially designed surface‐oxygen‐containing groups (SOGs) first introduced onto the porous carbon support were used to guide the generation of a surface‐nitrogen‐containing structure through condensation reactions between SOGs and the amidogen group of organic amines under hydrothermal conditions. The results indicate that different kinds of SOGs generate different types and abundances of N species. The CO‐releasing groups are apt to form a high proportion of amino groups, whereas the CO2‐releasing groups, especially carboxyl and lactones, are mainly transformed into pyrrolic‐type nitrogen. In the framework with dominant pyrrolic‐type nitrogen, an electron‐rich Pd activated site composed of Pd, pyrrolic‐type N and C is built, in which electron transfer occurs from N to C and Pd atoms. This activated site contributes to the formation of electron‐rich activated hydrogen and desorption of p‐chloroaniline, which work together to achieve the superior selectivity about 99.90 % of p‐chloroaniline and the excellent reusable performance. This strategy not only provides low‐cost, nitrogen‐doped carbon materials, but also develops a new method for the fabrication of different kinds of nitrogen species structures.
Development and validation of algorithms to identify newly diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes in pediatric population using electronic medical records and claims data
Authors: Teltsch Dana Y. , Fazeli Farsani Soulmaz , Swain Richard S. , Kaspers Stefan , Huse Samuel , Cristaldi Christina , Nordstrom Beth L. , Brodovicz Kimberly G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeTo develop and validate algorithms to classify diabetes type in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with DM.MethodData from the United States Department of Defense health system were used to identify patients aged 10 to 18 years with incident DM. Two independent sets of 200 children were randomly sampled for algorithm development and validation. Algorithms were developed based on clinical insight, published literature, and quantitative approaches. The actual DM type was ascertained via chart review. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were evaluated.ResultsAmong the 400 patients, mean age was 14.2 (±2.5 years), and 50% were female. The best performing algorithms were based on data available in claims. They consisted of several logical expressions based on one predictor or more, which classified patients by use of glucose‐lowering drugs or testing, DM ICD‐9 diagnosis codes, and comorbidities. The best performing T2DM and T1DM algorithms achieved 90% and 98% sensitivity, 95% and 95% specificity, 87% and 98% PPV, and 96% and 96% NPV, respectively.ConclusionsOur results suggest that claims algorithms can accurately identify newly diagnosed T1DM and T2DM pediatric patients, which can facilitate large database studies in children with T1DM and T2DM. However, external validation in other data sources is needed.
Oxidation of Catocene in AP/Catocene Mixture at Low Temperature
Authors: Jiang Ben‐Z. , Wang Ting‐P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe mixture of Catocene and fine AP after 175 °C heat treatment was washed by acetone and water, and the washing liquids of acetone and water were characterized by SP and microwave digestion‐ICP, and the solid products were characterized by XPS, XRD, SEM‐EDS. The results show that the oxidation of Catocene is a multi‐step reaction, and the final products are nano‐sized Fe2O3 and amorphous C. DTA‐TG test shows the productions can enhance the thermal decomposition of AP. Compared with the mixture of fine AP and Catocene, the mixture of fine AP and the final solid product of Catocene decomposition is insensitive to the impact. The effective constituents of Catocene catalysis for thermal decomposition of AP are nano‐sized Fe2O3 and amorphous C. Analyzing by synthesis, the final solid product may be an effective and safe catalyst for AP based propellant.
Some safety aspects on the cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide in the phenol process
Authors: Weber Manfred , Hoffmann Rüdiger , Weber Markus 
Published: January 2019

The acid‐catalyzed cleavage of cumene hydroperoxide (CHP) to phenol and acetone is an exothermic reaction in homogeneous liquid phase. The reaction occurs within a minute. Therefore, a reliable heat removal and temperature control is essential in commercial units. In addition, an uncomplete conversion of CHP must be detectable to avoid any accumulation of the peroxide in the reaction system which can cause dangerous conditions. This article describes some process safety aspects of the CHP cleavage unit.The first part of the cleavage is a circulation loop with one or several heat exchangers in series to remove the heat from the exothermic reaction at around 50°C. CHP is added to the circulation loop and so diluted with cleavage product. The cleavage product consists of mainly phenol, acetone and cumene. Sulfuric acid in low concentrations is used as catalyst. CHP decomposes to phenol and acetone while passing through the cooler(s). In a specific side reaction, dicumylperoxide (DCP) is formed from CHP. Potential hazards in this unit rise from feeding too much CHP into the loop, which could lead to high temperatures and an impermissible high pressure due to the fast exothermic reaction. A failure of the equipment with product release could be the consequence. A countermeasure is for example a ratio control between the flows of the circulating cleavage product and the CHP feed stream. Another hazard for the circulation loop is the accumulation of CHP due to a deactivation of the sulfuric acid. A delayed start of the reaction could then lead to a severe runaway reaction when the accumulated CHP starts to decompose. This can cause a complete destruction of the unit. A “low temperature” interlock can be used to early stop the CHP feed in case of an acid deactivation.After this first cleavage unit, the product from the circulation loop is then treated in a second unit with a plug‐flow reactor operating at temperatures above 100°C. The temperature can be increased by adding CHP to use the exothermic reaction from decomposed CHP for heating‐up. In the downstream section of this second reactor, DCP reacts back to CHP at the higher temperature and this CHP immediately further decomposes to phenol and acetone. As well as for the circulation loop, too high concentrations of CHP can be avoided by a proper ratio‐controlled dosing of the CHP. A non‐complete conversion of CHP due to a loss of acid activity will result in a decrease of the temperature. This can be detected by either “low temperature” interlocks or, preferably, by permanently monitoring and verifying the “swan‐neck” temperature profile across the plug‐flow reactor. Finally, a sufficiently high conversion of DCP can be observed by the slope of the temperature profile at the end of the plug‐flow reactor. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog: e12034 2019
Evaluation of spray pattern uniformity using three unique analyses as impacted by nozzle, pressure, and pulse‐width modulation duty cycle
Authors: Butts Thomas R , Luck Joe D , Fritz Bradley K , Hoffmann W Clint , Kruger Greg R 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe increasing popularity of pulse‐width modulation (PWM) sprayers requires that application interaction effects on spray pattern uniformity be completely understood to maintain a uniform overlap of spray, thereby reducing crop injury potential and maximizing coverage on target pests. The objective of this research was to determine the impacts of nozzle type (venturi vs. non‐venturi), boom pressure, and PWM duty cycle on spray pattern uniformity. Research was conducted using an indoor spray patternator located at the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln in Lincoln, NE, USA. Coefficient of variation (CV), root mean square error (RMSE), and average percent error (APE) were used to characterize spray pattern uniformity.RESULTSGenerally, across nozzles and pressures, the duty cycle minimally impacted the CV of spray patterns. However, across nozzles and duty cycles, increasing pressure decreased CV values, resulting in more uniform spray patterns. The RMSE values typically increased as pressure and duty cycle increased across nozzles. This may be the result of a correlation between RMSE values and flow rate as RMSE values also increased as nozzle orifice size increased. Generally, APE increased as the duty cycle decreased across nozzles and pressures with significant increases (40%) caused by the 20% duty cycle. Within non‐venturi nozzles, increasing pressure reduced APE across duty cycles, while venturi nozzles followed no such trend.CONCLUSIONOverall, results suggest PWM duty cycles at or above 40% minimally impact spray pattern uniformity. Further, increased application pressures and the use of non‐venturi nozzles on PWM sprayers increase the precision and uniformity of spray applications. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Improving initial condition perturbations in a convection‐permitting ensemble prediction system
Authors: Keresturi Endi , Wang Yong , Meier Florian , Weidle Florian , Wittmann Christoph , Atencia Aitor 
Published: January 2019

One of the main challenges presented by a limited‐area model ensemble prediction system (LAMEPS) concerns the limited capacity for its initial condition perturbations to correctly represent large‐scale flow uncertainties due to its limited‐size domain and deficiencies in formulating lateral boundary conditions. In addition, a mismatch between LAMEPS (initial condition) and host EPS lateral boundary perturbations can form spurious gravity waves at the boundaries. In the present work, an ensemble Jk blending method is proposed for improving representation of large‐scale uncertainties and for addressing consistent initial conditions and lateral boundary perturbations. Our approach involves employing Jk blending within a framework of three‐dimensional variation (3D‐Var) ensemble data assimilation (EDA). In such a system, small‐scale perturbations are generated from 3D‐Var EDA, while large‐scale perturbations are generated from the host ensemble via Jk blending.The ensemble Jk method is implemented in the C‐LAEF (Convection‐permitting Limited‐Area Ensemble Forecasting) system and is compared to the standard perturbed‐observation EDA approach, i.e. perturbed‐observation EDA without large‐scale constraint. The comparison shows that the ensemble Jk method gives a more skilful and reliable EPS, especially for upper‐air variables. In addition, positive effects on the surface pressure and precipitation of large‐scale perturbations are shown. Finally, the ensemble Jk method's capacity to alleviate perturbation mismatches is demonstrated.
Tandem mass spectrometry characterization of a conjugate between oleuropein and hydrated cis‐diammineplatinum(II)
Authors: Ventura Giovanni , Abbattista Ramona , Calvano Cosima Damiana , De Ceglie Cristina , Losito Ilario , Palmisano Francesco , Cataldi Tommaso R.I. 
Published: January 2019

RationaleOleuropein (Ole) has been claimed to mitigate cisplatin (CP)‐induced acute injury in kidney and liver of mice. In vitro reactivity of hydrated CP species with Ole, and an Ole metabolite, hydroxytyrosol (HT), is of great interest as the preliminary step for gathering in vivo information on the possible physiological role of the Ole/HT‐cis‐diammineplatinum(II) (Ole/HT‐cis‐DAP) conjugate.MethodsReversed‐phase liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using a linear ion trap instrument (RPLC/ESI‐MS) and tandem mass (MS/MS) measurements, both in positive and negative ion mode, revealed the molecular identity of platinum‐based conjugates.ResultsThe Ole‐cis‐DAP conjugate (i.e., C25H36N2O13PtII) features two cis‐ammine non‐leaving ligands and a bidentate catechol ligand moiety belonging to Ole; the coordination of the central Pt(II) is square‐planar with non‐equivalent bond angles compared with the ideal arrangement of 90°. HT, the free Ole metabolite excreted in human urine, acts as bidentate O,O‐donor ligand of cis‐DAP as well.ConclusionsThe first evidence, together with structural information, is provided about the in vitro formation of a conjugate between cis‐DAP and Ole or its urinary metabolite HT. Presuming that such conjugates are also generated in vivo, the mechanisms by which they might contribute to reduce CP toxicity remain to be elucidated.
Learning to notice science concepts in engineering activities and transfer situations
Authors: Chase Catherine C. , Malkiewich Laura , S. Kumar Aakash 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA persistent problem in engineering‐focused science instruction is the “design–science gap,” whereby learners focus on building successful engineering products, instead of focusing on the relevant scientific principles. This research explores (a) whether integrating contrasting cases into engineering activities can impact how deeply learners notice scientific structures both within the engineering task and in novel transfer contexts, and (b) whether the perceptual process of noticing is related to task performance and transfer. In Study 1, 41 adults designed and built a Lego cantilever, which relates to the physics concept center‐of‐mass. Learners who analyzed contrasting cases that highlighted the underlying structure of center‐of‐mass noticed that structure more deeply, compared with a no cases condition. Although both conditions performed similarly on the engineering task, learners who noticed on a deeper level performed better, regardless of condition. In a second study with 63 adults, the same two conditions were compared with a single cases condition. The contrasting cases condition demonstrated superior transfer to near but novel contexts. Moreover, noticing predicted performance and far transfer, regardless of condition. Results imply that (a) contrasting cases enhance near transfer from engineering activities and (b) noticing plays a key role in performance in and transfer from engineering activities.
Wind‐induced interference effects between twin tapered skyscrapers
Authors: Li Xiao , Li Qiu Sheng 
Published: January 2019

SummaryTwin high‐rise buildings, that is, two closely located tall buildings with identical or similar geometrical features, are inevitably under wind‐induced interference effects. Most previous studies employed rectangular or circular prisms as twin tall buildings to investigate the interference effects. Therefore, these findings need further verification and modification for twin high‐rise buildings with more complex exterior geometries. This study uses wind tunnel pressure measurement tests to investigate the interference effects on typical twin super‐tall buildings with a tapered shape and recessed corners. Structural overall overturning moments and surface wind pressures applied on the twin skyscrapers are analyzed and discussed in detail. The interference effects on the twin skyscrapers are further compared with those on paired square prisms with the same height and footprint breadth. The results show that the interference effects on the twin tapered super‐tall buildings differ considerably from those on the square prisms, and the critical building configurations that need cautious treatment in the designs of twin skyscrapers are specified.
Overexpression of miR‐138‐5p suppresses MnCl2‐induced autophagy by targeting SIRT1 in SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Ma Junxiang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Ji Hongyun , Chen Li , Chen Tian , Guo Caixia , Zhang Shixuan , Jia Jiaxin , Niu Piye 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe mechanism of manganism caused by manganese (Mn), an important environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease, is still unclear. Recent evidence suggested that autophagy participated in neurodegenerative diseases, in which microRNA played a crucial role. However, roles of microRNA in the aberrant autophagy that occurs in neurodegenerative diseases remains controversial. In nervous system, miRNA‐138‐5p is highly expressed and plays a key role in regulating memory and axon regeneration. Importantly, we also found that miR‐138‐5p expression decreased significantly after SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to manganese chloride (MnCl2) in previous study. To explore the role of miR‐138‐5p in Mn‐induced autophagy, autophagy associated indicators were detected. And we found that MnCl2 could induce autophagic dysregulation and inhibit expression of miR‐138‐5p. While the levels of LC3‐II/LC3‐I, Beclin1, and p62, the number of autophagosome formation significantly decreased after miR‐138‐5p over‐expression, which demonstrated that miR‐138‐5p could clearly retard Mn‐induced autophagy. In additional, we found there were classical and evolutionarily conserved miR‐138‐5p binding sites in 3′‐UTR region of SIRT1, which was inhibited when overexpression of miR‐138‐5p. Therefore, it was speculated that elevated expression of SIRT1 may be resulted from inhibition of miR‐138‐5p after cells exposed to MnCl2. Finally, we found that SIRT1 inhibitor EX‐527 suppressed Mn‐induced autophagy as well as miR‐138‐5p, while the suppression was reversed by SIRT1‐specific activator SRT1720. These results indicated that overexpression of miR‐138‐5p suppressed Mn‐induced autophagy by targeting SIRT1.
Does fetoscopic or open repair for spina bifida affect fetal and postnatal growth?
Authors: Sanz Cortes M. , Davila I. , Torres P. , Yepez M. , Lee W. , Guimaraes C. V. , Sangi‐Haghpeykar H. , Whitehead W. E. , Castillo J. , Nassr A. A. , Espinoza J. , Shamshirsaz A. A. , Belfort M. A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe effect of fetoscopic myelomeningocele (MMC) repair on fetal growth is unknown. Fetal surgery itself and/or exposure to a carbon dioxide (CO2) environment during spina bifida repair may affect placental function and impair fetal growth. Our aim was to assess and compare growth in fetuses, neonates and infants who underwent prenatal fetoscopic or open MMC repair.MethodsFetal biometrics were obtained serially using ultrasound after fetoscopic (n = 32) or open hysterotomy (n = 34) MMC repair in utero at a single institution between November 2011 and July 2017. Measurements obtained during growth scans on initial evaluation prior to surgery, and those taken at 6 weeks post‐surgery, were transformed into percentiles and compared between groups. Additional neonatal and infant anthropometric measurements, including weight, length/height and head circumference, were also transformed into percentiles and compared between the groups. The proportions of cases in each group with estimated fetal weight (EFW) or postnatal weight < 10th and < 3rd percentiles were calculated and compared. A linear mixed model was used to analyze the serial fetal growth measurements of each parameter, and random intercepts and slopes were used to compare study variables between the study groups. The duration of surgery (skin‐to‐skin time at fetoscopic and open MMC repair) and duration of CO2 exposure (fetoscopic repair) were evaluated for any effect on the fetal, neonatal or infant biometric percentiles.ResultsFetuses which underwent fetoscopic repair had a larger abdominal circumference percentile at referral (57 ± 21 vs 46 ± 23; P = 0.04). There were no other differences between the two groups in fetal biometric percentiles at the time of referral, 6 weeks post‐surgery or at birth. There were no differences between groups in EFW percentile or in proportions of cases with birth weight < 10th and < 3rd percentiles. Linear mixed‐model analysis did not show any significant differences in any fetal growth parameter between the groups over time. There were no significant correlations between duration of surgery or duration of CO2 exposure and any of the biometric percentiles evaluated. Postnatal growth showed no significant differences between the groups in weight, height or head circumference percentiles, at 6–18, 18–30 or > 30 months of age.ConclusionsBabies exposed to fetoscopic or open MMC repair in‐utero did not show significant differences in fetal or postnatal growth parameters. These results support the safety of the use of CO2 gas for fetoscopic surgery. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.