bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity, endemism and conservation status of native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae)
Authors: Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo , Munguía-Lino Guadalupe , Vargas-Amado Georgina , Rodríguez Aarón 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Native Mexican woody bamboos (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) are classified in subtribes Arthrostylidiinae, Chusqueinae and Guaduinae. They grow from sea level up to 3200 m along the main mountain ranges and occupy different vegetation types. The aims of this study were to: identify the areas with the most species diversity; detect areas of endemism; and discuss the conservation status of the native Mexican woody bamboos. We gathered presence records for 51 Mexican woody bamboo species, based on herbarium records and personal collections. Richness was analysed taking into account: Mexican political divisions; biogeographical regions and provinces; a grid cell size of 55 × 55 km; and elevation. Areas of endemism were obtained using endemicity analysis. Thirty-five of the 51 species are endemic to Mexico. Chiapas has 24 species, followed by Veracruz with 19 and Oaxaca with 16. However, Veracruz harbours the greatest number of endemics with 14 species, followed by Oaxaca with 13 and Chiapas with 11. The Veracruzan province has the highest species richness with 20 species, followed by Chiapas Highlands and Sierra Madre del Sur with 19 species each. Twenty-six of the 35 endemic species were known only from ten or fewer sites, and eight of the 26 species are considered to be Critically Endangered.
Uncovering the inflorescence evolution of Eleusininae (Cynodonteae: Chloridoideae: Poaceae)
Authors: Muchut Sebastián E , Reutemann Andrea G , Pilatti Vanesa , Uberti Manassero Nora G , Vegetti Abelardo C , Reinheimer Renata 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInflorescence forms in grasses lead to a general assumption that their evolution is random. We reconstructed the ancestral inflorescence for Poaceae subtribe Eleusininae and outlined possible evolutionary pathways to test the hypotheses of (1) non-directionality in grass inflorescence evolution and (2) an evolutionary direction from complex to simpler inflorescence architectures in this lineage. By studying early stages of inflorescence and spikelet development, we investigated ontogenetic changes that may correlate with evolutionary pathways identified. The approach presented here indicates that the current diversity of inflorescences found in Eleusininae is probably a result of two distinct evolutionary pathways. The main path involves a multi-staged course with shortening of main axis internodes first, followed by a decrease in number of primary branches and florets per spikelet. We postulate that reduced elongation of the internodes may affect the apical and axillary meristems performance, which in turn promotes a decrease in the number of primary branches and floret per spikelet. Current diversity in inflorescences of Eleusininae may be a consequence of a reductive evolution. We found that the evolutionary directionality of inflorescences in Eleusininae may be associated with developmental events that affected inflorescence morphology at early stages.
Learning in Visual Regions as Support for the Bias in Future Value-Driven Choice
Authors: Jahfari Sara , Theeuwes Jan , Knapen Tomas 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Reinforcement learning can bias decision-making toward the option with the highest expected outcome. Cognitive learning theories associate this bias with the constant tracking of stimulus values and the evaluation of choice outcomes in the striatum and prefrontal cortex. Decisions however first require processing of sensory input, and to date, we know far less about the interplay between learning and perception. This functional magnetic resonance imaging study (N = 43) relates visual blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) responses to value beliefs during choice and signed prediction errors after outcomes. To understand these relationships, which co-occurred in the striatum, we sought relevance by evaluating the prediction of future value-based decisions in a separate transfer phase where learning was already established. We decoded choice outcomes with a 70% accuracy with a supervised machine learning algorithm that was given trial-by-trial BOLD from visual regions alongside more traditional motor, prefrontal, and striatal regions. Importantly, this decoding of future value-driven choice outcomes again highlighted an important role for visual activity. These results raise the intriguing possibility that the tracking of value in visual cortex is supportive for the striatal bias toward the more valued option in future choice.
Cascade of Care for Alaska Native People With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Statewide Program With High Linkage to Care
Authors: Mcmahon Brian J , Townshend-Bulson Lisa , Homan Chriss , Gounder Prabhu , Barbour Youssef , Hewitt Annette , Bruden Dana , Espera Hannah , Plotnik Julia , Gove James , Stevenson Timothy J , Luna Sarah V , Simons Brenna C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Most persons with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in the United States are undiagnosed or linked to care. We describe a program for the management of Alaska Native patients infection utilizing a computerized registry and statewide liver clinics resulting in higher linkage to care (86%) than national estimates (~25%).
Eliminating Structural Barriers: The Impact of Unrestricted Access on Hepatitis C Treatment Uptake Among People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Saeed Sahar , Strumpf Erin , Moodie Erica E M , Wong Leo , Cox Joseph , Walmsley Sharon , Tyndall Mark , Cooper Curtis , Conway Brian , Hull Mark , Martel-Laferriere Valerie , Gill John , Wong Alexander , Vachon Marie-Louise , Klein Marina B ,   Canadian Coinfection Cohort Study Investigators, Barrett Lisa , Cohen Jeff , Conway Brian , Cooper Curtis , Côté Pierre , Cox Joseph , Gill John , Haider Shariq , Hull Mark , Klein Marina , Montaner Julio , Moodie Erica , Pick Neora , Rachlis Anita , Rouleau Danielle , Sadr Aida , Sanche Steve , Sandre Roger , Tyndall Mark , Vachon Marie-Louise , Walmsley Sharon , Wong Alex , Saskatchewan M B K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
High costs of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) have led health-care insurers to limit access worldwide. Using a natural experiment, we evaluated the impact of removing fibrosis stage restrictions on hepatitis C (HCV) treatment initiation rates among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and then examined who was left to be treated.

Methods
Using data from the Canadian HIV-HCV Coinfection Cohort, we applied a difference-in-differences approach. Changes in treatment initiation rates following the removal of fibrosis stage restrictions were assessed using a negative binomial regression with generalized estimating equations. The policy change was then specifically assessed among people who inject drugs (PWID). We then identified the characteristics of participants who remained to be treated using a modified Poisson regression.

Results
Between 2010–2018, there were a total of 585 HCV initiations among 1130 eligible participants. After removing fibrosis stage restrictions, DAA initiations increased by 1.8-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–2.4) controlling for time-invariant differences and secular trends. Among PWID the impact appeared even stronger, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio of 3.6 (95% CI 1.8–7.4). However, this increased treatment uptake was not sustained. At 1 year following universal access, treatment rates declined to 0.8 (95% CI .5–1.1). Marginalized participants (PWID and those of indigenous ethnicity) and those disengaged from care were more likely to remain HCV RNA positive.

Conclusions
After the removal of fibrosis restrictions, HCV treatment initiations nearly doubled immediately, but this treatment rate was not sustained. To meet the World Health Organization elimination targets, the minimization of structural barriers and adoption of tailored interventions are needed to engage and treat all vulnerable populations.
Weight Gain Associated With Integrase Stand Transfer Inhibitor Use in Women
Authors: Kerchberger Anne Marie , Sheth Anandi N , Angert Christine D , Mehta C Christina , Summers Nathan A , Ofotokun Ighovwerha , Gustafson Deborah , Weiser Sheri D , Sharma Anjali , Adimora Adaora A , French Audrey L , Augenbraun Michael , Cocohoba Jennifer , Kassaye Seble , Bolivar Hector , Govindarajulu Usha , Konkle-Parker Deborah , Golub Elizabeth T , Lahiri Cecile D 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntegrase strand-transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) management. Although studies have suggested associations between INSTIs and weight gain, women living with HIV (WLHIV) have been underrepresented in research. We evaluated the effect of switching or adding INSTIs among WLHIV.MethodsWomen enrolled in the Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) from 2006–2017 who switched to or added an INSTI to ART (SWAD group) were compared to women on non-INSTI ART (STAY group). Body weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (PBF), and waist, hip, arm, and thigh circumferences were measured 6–12 months before and 6–18 months after the INSTI switch/add in SWAD participants, with comparable measurement time points in STAY participants. Linear regression models compared changes over time by SWAD/STAY group, adjusted for age, race, WIHS site, education, income, smoking status, and baseline ART regimen.ResultsWe followed 1118 women (234 SWAD and 884 STAY) for a mean of 2.0 years (+/− 0.1 standard deviation [SD]; mean age 48.8 years, SD +/− 8.8); 61% were Black. On average, compared to the STAY group, the SWAD group experienced mean greater increases of 2.1 kg in body weight, 0.8 kg/m2 in BMI, 1.4% in PBF, and 2.0, 1.9, 0.6, and 1.0 cm in waist, hip, arm, and thigh circumference, respectively (all P values &lt; .05). No differences in magnitudes of these changes were observed by INSTI type.ConclusionsIn WLHIV, a switch to INSTI was associated with significant increases in body weight, body circumferences, and fat percentages, compared to non-INSTI ART. The metabolic and other health effects of these changes deserve further investigation.
Does spatial proximity raise firm productivity? Evidence from British manufacturing
Authors: Harris Richard , Moffat John , Evenhuis Emil , Martin Ron , Pike Andy , Sunley Peter 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe UK’s economy is one of the most regionally imbalanced in Europe. The government’s recent industrial strategy discusses various means of addressing this, one of which is the strengthening of existing clusters. Using plant-level indices of spatial proximity derived from postcode district data, this article investigates the extent of spatial concentration and its impact on total factor productivity in advanced manufacturing sectors in Great Britain. The results from estimation of production functions indicate that, in most advanced manufacturing sectors, spatial concentration has a negative impact on productivity in small plants and a positive effect in larger plants. Large plants likely benefit more from knowledge spillovers due to their higher levels of absorptive capacity.
Aspects of reception: reading Goethe’s Iphigenie auf Tauris with Adorno, Fassbinder, and Jauss
Authors: Hamilton John T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In staging his Iphigenie auf Tauris, Johann Wolfgang Goethe stages reception itself. The story about a Mycenaean maiden who, exiled from her home in the South, was welcomed and sheltered by the barbarian people of the North, readily represents how the corpus of ancient Greek culture, detached from its native historical context, came to be received and curated by German artists, poets, and scholars, including, of course, by Goethe himself. If Goethe’s text is indeed understood as an allegory of reception, then subsequent readings of his Iphigenie should exhibit any number of ways in which reception itself has been formulated and assessed. The investigations here all turn on the issue of verbal aspect. By turning to key German interpretations of Goethe’s drama by Theodor Adorno, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, and Hans Robert Jauss, which emerged during the socially and politically tumultuous period of 1967–73, the present study aims to give a critical account of receptive paradigms — an account based on an investigation into the varied aspects that distinguish different historical receptions of reception.
Large-time behaviour of a family of finite volume schemes for boundary-driven convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Chainais-Hillairet Claire , Herda Maxime 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We are interested in the large-time behaviour of solutions to finite volume discretizations of convection–diffusion equations or systems endowed with nonhomogeneous Dirichlet- and Neumann-type boundary conditions. Our results concern various linear and nonlinear models such as Fokker–Planck equations, porous media equations or drift–diffusion systems for semiconductors. For all of these models, some relative entropy principle is satisfied and implies exponential decay to the stationary state. In this paper we show that in the framework of finite volume schemes on orthogonal meshes, a large class of two-point monotone fluxes preserves this exponential decay of the discrete solution to the discrete steady state of the scheme. This includes for instance upwind and centred convections or Scharfetter–Gummel discretizations. We illustrate our theoretical results on several numerical test cases.
Elevated concentrations of crude glycerin in diets for beef cattle: feedlot performance, carcass traits, and ruminal metabolism1
Authors: Van Cleef Eric H C B , Uwituze Solange , Alvarado-Gilis Christian A , Miller Kevin A , Van Bibber-Krueger Cadra L , Aperce Celine C , Drouillard James S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) in diets for beef cattle. In Exp. 1, 4 ruminally cannulated steers were fed diets with 0 or 15% CG (DM basis), to evaluate DM disappearance, VFA profiles, and gas production. There was a tendency for an interaction (P = 0.06) between diet fed to donor animals and substrate fed to in vitro system, and digestion was increased when CG was added to cultures with ruminal fluid from CG-fed animals. Total VFA were unaffected by diets or by substrate incubated. The CG increased production of propionate, butyrate, and valerate (P < 0.01) while the gas production was unaffected (P = 0.16). In Exp. 2, 24 crossbred heifers (334.4 ± 0.9 kg BW) were fed the same diets as Exp. 1, for 35 d. Fecal grab samples were collected 3 times daily on day 7, 21, and 35, to evaluate total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, and NDF. The CG improved digestibility of diet OM (P = 0.04), and DM followed a similar trend (P = 0.06), while the NDF digestibility was unaffected (P = 0.29). In Exp. 3, crossbred heifers (n = 374; 375.8 ± 36.1 kg BW) were used to evaluate feedlot performance and carcass traits when fed diets with 0, 7.5, or 15% CG, with or without added 0.3% salt. Heifers were assigned to 25 pens and were harvested on day 125. Removing salt from CG-based diets did not impact performance (P = 0.50). The CG did not influence average daily gain (P = 0.27), but decreased DM intake (P = 0.003), USDA Yield Grade (P = 0.01), and improved feed efficiency (P = 0.03), while tended to decrease USDA prime carcasses (P = 0.10). Carcass weight (P = 0.24), Longissimus muscle area (P = 0.63), and kidney, pelvic, heart fat (P = 0.59) were unaffected by CG. Twelfth-rib fat was less for heifers fed 15% CG without salt compared with the other treatments (P = 0.005), while marbling was less for heifers fed CG diets compared with the control-fed animals (linear, P = 0.004; quadratic, P = 0.02). In conclusion, GC can replace dry-rolled corn in diets for beef heifers when fed at 15% of diet DM, improving OM digestion, increasing ruminal propionate and butyrate without affecting greenhouse gas emissions. Feeding up to 15% CG improves feed efficiency but depresses marbling and tends to decrease Quality Grade. Removing supplemental salt from CG-diets has no impact on performance or carcass traits.
Company Worth Keeping: Personal Control and Preferences for Brand Leaders
Authors: Beck Joshua T , Rahinel Ryan , Bleier Alexander 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Brand leaders possess tremendous agency, with the ability to shape a sweeping variety of outcomes. Does this fact confer psychological value to consumers? We posit that external conditions that undermine feelings of personal control cause consumers to affiliate more with brand leaders. This occurs because affiliating with such high-agency brands gives consumers a sense of personal agency and thereby restores feelings of control. An initial study using archival data from nearly 18,000 consumers reporting on over 1,200 brands documents real-world effects that are consistent with these propositions. Four follow-up experiments demonstrate the effect of low control on brand leader (vs. nonleader) purchase intentions using direct manipulations in controlled settings, capture the underlying process, and rule out alternative explanations. This research thus reveals that the psychology of personal control underlies a process that benefits brand leaders.
The Chemical Weapons Convention and the Contribution of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons to Sustainable Development
Authors: Rajah Trevor Michael , Dawson Grant , Aylett Lydia 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The concepts of disarmament, counter-terrorism, and sustainable development are interdependent and inextricably linked. In order to achieve the goals set out in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, states must abandon the competitive ‘arms culture’, cooperate to prevent violence by non-state actors, and divert resources towards peace and security. This article examines the past, present and future role of the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) in furthering sustainable development through disarmament and counter-terrorism. As the Organisation considers its future priorities and focuses on promoting the peaceful use of chemistry and preventing the re-emergence of chemical weapons, the links between peace, security, and development will continue to be of critical importance.
Alterations in pectoralis muscle cell characteristics after radiation of the human breast in situ
Authors: Wallner Christoph , Drysch Marius , Hahn Stephan A , Becerikli Mustafa , Puscz Fleming , Wagner Johannes Maximilian , Sacher Maxi , Sogorski Alexander , Dadras Mehran , Lehnhardt Marcus , Behr Björn 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThe life-time risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer is ~12%, hence breast cancer is by far the most common cancer among women. The multimodal treatment concept of breast cancer often intends radiation. The utilized ionizing radiation leads changes in the tissue resulting in tissue damage due to an alteration of molecular factors. The goal of this study was to identify the role of muscle-catabolic proteins after radiation of human pectoralis major muscles in situ. Tissue of the pectoralis major muscle was collected in 12 breast cancer patients after radiation (maximum 3 years after radiation) undergoing a deep inferior epigastric perforator free-flap breast reconstruction. At the same time, an intraindividual comparison to rectus abdominis muscle was carried out upon free-flap elevation. Immunological properties, cell proliferation, differentiation as well as the expression profile of the muscle tissue were investigated through immunohistological reactions, a DNA-microarray and histology. We found significantly increased neutrophil immigration in the radiated muscle tissue. At the same time, proteins responsible for muscular atrophy and apoptosis were significantly elevated in immunohistochemistry. A DNA microarray detected immunological upregulation and myo-differentiative disorders in radiated muscle tissue. This novel study investigating catabolism in radiated muscle in situ can serve as a basis for the treatment of radiation-accompanied muscle disorders.
Open Uruguay Round: strategy to overcome the challenges of frontier exploration
Authors: Blánquez Natalia , Ferro Santiago 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Uruguayan geological basins imply a high exploratory risk and therefore present a frontier status. However, Latin America and West Africa are the regions in which exploratory activity has seen a remarkable increment, with major discoveries and significant investment in the last decade, and plenty of E&P opportunities nowadays. Within this context, The Uruguayan Government has recently approved a new bidding system for onshore and offshore areas, Open Uruguay Round, including very competitive features and contractual terms, after evaluating other countries’ petroleum fiscal regimes.
Butterfly Mimicry Polymorphisms Highlight Phylogenetic Limits of Gene Reuse in the Evolution of Diverse Adaptations
Authors: VanKuren Nicholas W , Massardo Darli , Nallu Sumitha , Kronforst Marcus R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSome genes have repeatedly been found to control diverse adaptations in a wide variety of organisms. Such gene reuse reveals not only the diversity of phenotypes these unique genes control but also the composition of developmental gene networks and the genetic routes available to and taken by organisms during adaptation. However, the causes of gene reuse remain unclear. A small number of large-effect Mendelian loci control a huge diversity of mimetic butterfly wing color patterns, but reasons for their reuse are difficult to identify because the genetic basis of mimicry has primarily been studied in two systems with correlated factors: female-limited Batesian mimicry in Papilio swallowtails (Papilionidae) and non-sex-limited Müllerian mimicry in Heliconius longwings (Nymphalidae). Here, we break the correlation between phylogenetic relationship and sex-limited mimicry by identifying loci controlling female-limited mimicry polymorphism Hypolimnas misippus (Nymphalidae) and non-sex-limited mimicry polymorphism in Papilio clytia (Papilionidae). The Papilio clytia polymorphism is controlled by the genome region containing the gene cortex, the classic P supergene in Heliconius numata, and loci controlling color pattern variation across Lepidoptera. In contrast, female-limited mimicry polymorphism in Hypolimnas misippus is associated with a locus not previously implicated in color patterning. Thus, although many species repeatedly converged on cortex and its neighboring genes over 120 My of evolution of diverse color patterns, female-limited mimicry polymorphisms each evolved using a different gene. Our results support conclusions that gene reuse occurs mainly within ∼10 My and highlight the puzzling diversity of genes controlling seemingly complex female-limited mimicry polymorphisms.
Migratory patterns, vertical distributions and diets of Abralia veranyi and Abraliopsis morisii (Cephalopoda: Enoploteuthidae) in the eastern North Atlantic
Authors: Guerra-Marrero Airam , Hernández-García Vicente , Sarmiento-Lezcano Airam , Jiménez-Alvarado David , Pino Angelo Santana-del , Castro José J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Abralia veranyi and Abraliopsis morisii were the most abundant cephalopods caught during epipelagic and mesopelagic surveys off the Canary Islands and accounted for 26% and 35% of the cephalopod catch, respectively. Diel vertical migration patterns were observed in both species. At night, A. veranyi was recorded at depths as shallow as 38–90 m, whereas Abraliopsis morisii occurred at depths of 98–219 m. As individuals grow in mantle length, their diet changes substantially. Abraliopsis morisii showed ontogenetic shifts at 22.9 mm and 35.3 mm dorsal mantle length (DML), while A. veranyi showed ontogenetic shifts at 20.5 mm and 30.9 mm DML. Prior to the first ontogenic shift, both species fed mainly on copepods and mysids. After this shift they fed on larger prey, such as decapods and fish; the diets of larger individuals also contained cephalopods.