bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representation of the rain shadow effect in Patagonia using an orographic‐derived regional climate model
Authors: Damseaux Adrien , Fettweis Xavier , Lambert Marius , Cornet Yves 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study focuses on Patagonia, where Foehn events observed in the lee of the Andes mountains are not yet well simulated by state‐of‐the‐art climate models. It has been agreed that one source of this shortcoming is related to the poor relief representation in models. To resolve this need, a common method used is to enhance the spatial resolution of the model to retrieve a more complex surface elevation, at the expense of calculation time or surface area covered. This paper tackles the problem from a different angle by addressing the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generalization, that is, the altitudes generalization from a high‐resolution DEM to a coarser resolution grid model. Most current climate models use DEM generalization methods that smooth the relief, a key controlling factor in Foehn events modelling. The aim of this study is to compare three original methods of DEM generalization (percentile 90 [P90], envelope maximum [EM], and thalweg and crests [TC]) and to evaluate their impact on simulated precipitation and temperature fields on the eastern part of Patagonia, where warm and dry air masses are expected. Thanks to MAR, a Regional Climate Model, we validate the models at 10 and 5 km resolutions against the Climate Research Unit and perform three sensitivity experiments involving a change in the DEM generalization. Our results show that (a) a finer spatial resolution can slightly improve the temperature biases, however, it cannot resolve the precipitation biases and (b) a more appropriate use of DEM generalization induces a significant decrease in precipitation for the P90 and EM methods and an increase in mean temperature for all three methods in the study area. This study serves as a recommendation for a better use of DEM generalization in climate models performing in Patagonia, but also regions sharing the same orographic features as the Patagonian relief.
Occlusal trauma inhibits osteoblast differentiation and bone formation through IKK‐NF‐κB signaling
Authors: Xu Weizhe , Lu Ying , Yue Junli , Lu Wanlu , Zhou Wei , Zhou Xuedong , Ye Ling , Zheng Qinghua , Zhang Lan , Huang Dingming 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundOcclusal trauma is an important factor promoting bone loss caused by periodontal diseases. Although there are reports of traumatic force promoting bone resorption in periodontal diseases, no studies examining the inhibition of bone formation by traumatic force and the underlying mechanism have been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism whereby traumatic force inhibits bone formation.MethodsMC3T3‐E1 cells were induced to undergo osteogenic differentiation and subjected to cyclic uniaxial compressive stress with or without stimulation with Pg. LPS. The expression of osteoblast markers and the activation of IKK‐NF‐κB signaling were evaluated in vitro. Then, MC3T3‐E1 cells were induced to undergo osteogenic differentiation and subjected to cyclic uniaxial compressive stress with or without IKK‐2 Inhibitor VI. The expression of osteoblast markers was determined. Then, the classic Wnt signaling pathway (β‐catenin, Gsk3β, p‐Gsk3β, and Dkk1) was further evaluated in vitro. Finally, occlusal trauma was induced in Wistar rats with or without the injection of IKK‐2 Inhibitor VI, to evaluate changes in bone mass and IKK‐NF‐κB and Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in vivo.ResultsAfter stimulation with Pg. LPS and traumatic force, IKK‐NF‐κB signaling was significantly activated in vitro. The expression of osteoblast markers and the activity of alkaline phosphatase in MC3T3‐E1 cells declined after traumatic force loading and were rescued when IKK‐NF‐κB signaling was blocked. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling was accordingly inhibited upon force loading, but this inhibition was reversed when IKK‐NF‐κB was antagonized in vitro. X‐ray and Micro‐CT analysis of the mandibles of the rats as well as HE and TRAP staining showed that bone loss induced by occlusal trauma declined after IKK‐NF‐κB was inhibited. The expression of p65 and IκBα was increased when occlusal trauma was induced in Wistar rats, whereas β‐catenin, OCN, and Runx2 levels were decreased. After blocking IKK‐NF‐κB, significant upregulation of β‐catenin, OCN, and Runx2 was observed in rats suffering from occlusal trauma.ConclusionsIKK‐NF‐κB signaling could be activated by traumatic force or occlusal trauma. Its activation promoted the degradation of β‐catenin, ultimately inhibiting osteogenic differentiation in vitro and bone formation in vivo.
StandardizedEmblica officinalisfruit extract inhibited the activities ofα‐amylase,α‐glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 and displayed antioxidant potential
Authors: Majeed Muhammed , Majeed Shaheen , Mundkur Lakshmi , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Arumugam Sivakumar , Beede Kirankumar , Ali Furqan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEmblica officinalis, known as amla in Ayurveda, has been used as a folk medicine to treat numerous pathological conditions, including diabetes. However, the novel extract ofE. officinalisfruit extract (amla fruit extract, AFE, Saberry®) containing 100 g kg−1β‐glucogallin along with hydrolyzable tannins has not yet been extensively studied for its antidiabetic potential.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activities of AFE and its stability during gastric stress as well as its thermostability.METHODSThe effect of AFE on the inhibition of pancreaticα‐amylase and salivaryα‐amylase enzymes was studied using starch and yeastα‐glucosidase enzyme using 4‐nitrophenylα‐d‐glucopyranoside as substrate. Further, 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and reactive oxygen species inhibition assay was performed against AFE.RESULTSAFE potently inhibited the activities ofα‐amylase andα‐glucosidase in a concentration‐dependent manner with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 135.70 μg mL−1and 106.70 μg mL−1respectively. Furthermore, it also showed inhibition ofα‐glucosidase (IC50562.9 μg mL−1) and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4; IC503770 μg mL−1) enzyme activities. AFE is a potent antioxidant showing a free radical scavenging activity (IC502.37 μg mL−1) and protecting against cellular reactive oxygen species (IC501.77 μg mL−1), and the effects elicited could be attributed to its phytoconstituents.CONCLUSIONAFE showed significant gastric acid resistance and was also found to be thermostable against wet heat. Excellentα‐amylase,α‐glucosidase, and DPP‐4 inhibitory activities of AFE, as well as antioxidant activities, strongly recommend its use for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. © 2019 The Authors.Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculturepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Nano‐MoO3 for highly selective enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction
Authors: Han Sen , Feng Juanjuan , Ji Xiangping , Li Chunying , Wang Xiuqin , Tian Yu , Sun Min 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNano‐molybdenum trioxide was prepared from nano‐molybdenum disulfide by simple firing in muffle furnace. Nano‐molybdenum trioxide was used as the extraction coating on the stainless steel wire. Four wires were filled in a polyetheretherketone tube to get an extraction tube. The tube was connected to the six‐port valve of a high performance liquid chromatograph, and the online analysis system was constructed. Extraction selectivity of the tube for different types of compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, plasticizers, estrogens, anilines and neonicotinoids, was studied. Good enrichment ability for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, but the extraction efficiency of others was not satisfactory. Using eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the targets, an analytical method was established after optimizing main factors such as sampling volume, sampling rate, methanol content, and desorption time. The established method exhibited wide linear range to 0.016–20.00 μg/L and low limits of detection to 0.005 μg/L, and the enrichment factors can be up to 2443. The method was applied to the detection of trace polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tap water and river water, and a good recovery was obtained. The tube showed good durability and chemical stability, and it still remained good extraction effect after more than 140 run.
Characteristics and progression of hearing loss in children with turner's syndrome
Authors: Hamberis Alexandra O. , Mehta Charmee H. , Dornhoffer James R. , Meyer Ted Albert 
Published: September 2019

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate patterns of hearing impairment in children with Turner's syndrome (TS) and determine factors influencing severity and progression.Study DesignRetrospective database review.MethodsDemographic, audiological, and medical data for children with TS were extracted from the Audiological and Genetic Database to analyze patterns of hearing loss with comorbidities, demographics, and interventions.ResultsTwo hundred seventy‐two children with TS were identified; 213 had audiological data. Of these children, 72.3% (N = 154) had hearing loss in which 84.4% (N = 130) was bilateral. In individual ears, conductive hearing loss was most common (28.7%, n = 73), followed by mixed (22.0%, n = 93) and sensorineural (7.9%, n = 20). Otitis media (odds ratio [OR] = 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–6.5), eustachian tube dysfunction (OR = 9.5, 95% CI: 3.2–35.2), and aortic valve anomalies were also associated with higher rates of hearing loss (OR = 3.6, 95% CI: 1.3–11.5). Of ears with quantifiable severity, 16.3% (n = 40) had moderate or worse hearing loss. Aortic coarctation (36.3 vs. 21.3 dB, P < .001), seizures (40.6 vs. 21.3 dB, P = .006), facial anomalies (32.5 vs. 21.3 dB, P = .029), and hypertension (36.3 vs. 21.3 dB, P = .015) portended more severe loss.ConclusionsChildren with TS have high rates of hearing loss. High rates of sensorineural loss were unexpected. Nonotologic comorbidities, including seizures, hypertension, and anomalies of the kidney and aorta were associated with greater prevalence, severity, and progression of loss. Children with TS, particularly with the above comorbidities, are at risk for poor hearing outcomes, and should be offered audiological intervention to efficiently direct patient care.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:1540–1546, 2020
Tunable, Functional Diblock Copolypeptide Hydrogels Based on Methionine Homologs
Authors: Negri Graciela E. , Gharakhanian Eric G. , Deming Timothy J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe preparation of new diblock copolypeptide hydrogels derived from homologs of l‐methionine, that is, l‐homomethionine and l‐6‐(methylthio)‐l‐norleucine is described. Compared to l‐methionine residues, use of l‐methionine homologs allow improved copolymerization with l‐leucine residues to give well‐defined block copolypeptides. These copolypeptides are subsequently modified using robust thioether alkylation reactions employing a variety of functional epoxides, which yield samples capable of forming transparent, self‐healing hydrogels in water. The facile variation of different functional epoxides for postpolymerization modification is found to allow predictable functionalization and tuning of hydrogel properties by the modification of simple precursors.
Terminal Group Effect of Conjugated Microporous Polymers for Photocatalytic Water‐Splitting Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ding Kang , Zhang Qiujing , Li Qingyin , Ren Shijie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractConjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) have attracted more and more attention as active materials for photocatalytic water‐splitting hydrogen evolution, however, the correlation between terminal group and hydrogen evolution performance of CMPs is rarely studied. Herein, three triazine‐based CMPs (Ta‐CMPs) with the same polymer backbone and different terminal groups (Ta‐CMP, Ta‐CMP‐N, and Ta‐CMP‐CN) are synthesized via Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction using different end‐capping agents. Although the Ta‐CMPs show similar porous structure and comparable band gaps, Ta‐CMP‐CN with electron‐withdrawing terminal group exhibits the highest hydrogen evolution rate (HER) of 698 µmol g−1 h−1 under visible light, while Ta‐CMP‐N with electron‐donating terminal group exhibits the lowest HER of 99 µmol g−1 h−1. It is found that the addition of electron‐withdrawing terminal group can facilitate photoinduced charge separation, thus improving photocatalytic HER performance of the CMPs.
Synthesis of Thermo‐, Oxidation‐, pH‐, and CO2‐Responsive Polymers via the Combination of Aza‐Michael and Thiol‐Michael Reactions in One Pot
Authors: Qin Herong , Chen Xu , Luo Dong , Wang Biyun , Tan Qinglan , Liang Hui , Lu Jiang , Huang Jianbing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe combination of efficient and harmonious aza‐Michael and thiol‐Michael reactions in one pot is first reported for the convenient synthesis of thermo‐, oxidation‐, pH‐, and CO2‐responsive polymers. The simultaneous two‐type Michael reactions are proved to proceed smoothly without additional catalyst. The dithiol and diamine are involved in the copolymerization competitively and thus in a random distribution. A wide range of commercially available starting materials are utilized for the simultaneous two‐type Michael reactions in one pot to obtain various responsive polymers with different structures. The cloud point of the thermo‐responsive polymers is easily tuned by adjusting the copolymerization ratio of monomers or using monomers with different structures. Besides, the oxidation‐ and pH‐/CO2‐ responsiveness are also demonstrated.
Mannan Oligosaccharide Suppresses Lipid Accumulation and Appetite in Western‐Diet‐Induced Obese Mice Via Reshaping Gut Microbiome and Enhancing Short‐Chain Fatty Acids Production
Authors: Yan Shikai , Shi Renjie , Li Ling , Ma Shaobo , Zhang Hongbo , Ye Jin , Wang Jiamin , Pan Junru , Wang Qianxu , Jin Xiang , Liu Xuebo , Liu Zhigang 
Published: September 2019

ScopeObesity is associated with gut microbiome dysbiosis. Mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) has been reported to be a potential prebiotic. The present study is aimed to determine the effects of MOS on western‐diet‐induced obesity and to uncover the mediating roles of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites.Methods and resultsThree‐month‐old male ICR mice are fed with a high‐fat and high‐fructose diet for 8 weeks. The diet‐induced obese mice are then orally administrated with MOS (100 and 200 mg kg–1 d–1) for 4 weeks. MOS significantly reduces bodyweight gain, insulin resistance, fatty liver, and inflammatory responses in obese mice. MOS also stimulates lipolysis and inhibits lipogenesis in the adipose tissues. Moreover, MOS restructures the gut microbiome by enhancing the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in obese mice. The microbial metabolite SCFAs are also increased in the feces and serum. Correlation analysis indicates that the appetite suppression and lipid‐lowering effects of MOS are highly correlated with the butyrate levels.ConclusionMOS suppresses the appetite, which results in less lipid deposition. The lower appetite is likely due to an altered gut microbiome and elevated SCFAs production. MOS may be a potential nutraceutical used in body weight management and gut health improvement.
Statistical properties of cerebral CT perfusion imaging systems. Part I. Cerebral blood volume maps generated from nondeconvolution‐based systems
Authors: Li Ke , Strother Charles M. , Chen Guang‐Hong 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe development and clinical employment of a computed tomography (CT) imaging system benefit from a thorough understanding of the statistical properties of the output images; cerebral CT perfusion (CTP) imaging system is no exception. A series of articles will present statistical properties of CTP systems and the dependence of these properties on system parameters. This Part I paper focuses on the signal and noise properties of cerebral blood volume (CBV) maps calculated using a nondeconvolution‐based method.MethodsThe CBV imaging chain was decomposed into a cascade of subimaging stages, which facilitated the derivation of analytical models for the probability density function, mean value, and noise variance of CBV. These models directly take CTP source image acquisition, reconstruction, and postprocessing parameters as inputs. Both numerical simulations and in vivo canine experiments were performed to validate these models.ResultsThe noise variance of CBV is linearly related to the noise variance of source images and is strongly influenced by the noise variance of the baseline images. Uniformly partitioning the total radiation dose budget across all time frames was found to be suboptimal, and an optimal dose partition method was derived to minimize CBV noise. Results of the numerical simulation and animal studies validated the derived statistical properties of CBV.ConclusionsThe statistical properties of CBV imaging systems can be accurately modeled by extending the linear CT systems theory. Based on the statistical model, several key signal and noise characteristics of CBV were identified and an optimal dose partition method was developed to improve the image quality of CBV.
Cross‐sectional analysis of the Myasthenia Gravis Patient Registry: Disability and treatment
Authors: Cutter Gary , Xin Haichang , Aban Inmaculada , Burns Ted M. , Allman Phillip H. , Farzaneh‐Far Ramin , Duda Petra W. , Kaminski Henry J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe Myasthenia Gravis Patient Registry (MGR) is a voluntary, patient‐submitted database dedicated to improve understanding of care/burden of myasthenia gravis (MG).MethodsIn this study we present analyses of baseline records through July 2017 (n = 1140) containing data on the MG—Activities of Daily Living (MG‐ADL) and the MG 15‐item Quality of Life (MG‐QOL15) instruments, two validated scales assessing quality of life in MG patients at sign‐up into the MGR.ResultsMost registrants reported moderate to severe impairment of health‐related quality of life, with a median MG‐ADL score of 6 and a median MG‐QOL15 score of 21. Seventy‐one percent of the patients had received pyridostigmine. Corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil, and azathioprine were the most common immunomodulators/immunosuppressants, with 85% of participants having ever using one of these agents. Forty‐seven registrants reported receiving intravenous immunoglobulin, and 30% received plasma exchange. Twelve percent reported other treatments, and 40% were unsure whether they received less common therapies. Forty percent had undergone thymectomy.DiscussionThe MGR data correlate well with other MG cohorts. Many MG patients remain negatively impacted despite treatment.
Outcomes after bloodstream infection in hospitalized pediatric hematology/oncology and stem cell transplant patients
Authors: Dandoy Christopher E. , Kelley Tammy , Gaur Aditya H. , Nagarajan Rajaram , Demmel Kathy , Alonso Priscila Badia , Guinipero Terri , Savelli Stephanie , Hakim Hana , Owings Angie , Myers Kasiani , Aquino Victor , Oldridge Carol , Rae Mary Lynn , Schjodt Katharine , Kilcrease Tracie , Scurlock Michelle , Marshburn Ann M. , Hill Margaret , Langevin Mary , Lee Jennifer , Cooksey Raven , Mian Amir , Eckles Shelby , Ferrell Justin , El‐Bietar Javier , Nelson Adam , Turpin Brian , Huang Frederick S. , Lawlor John , Esporas Megan , Lane Adam , Hord Jeffrey , Billett Amy L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundPediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) patients receiving therapy or undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) often require a central line and are at risk for bloodstream infections (BSI). There are limited data describing outcomes of BSI in PHO and HSCT patients.MethodsThis is a multicenter (n = 17) retrospective analysis of outcomes of patients who developed a BSI. Centers involved participated in a quality improvement collaborative referred to as the Childhood Cancer and Blood Disorder Network within the Children's Hospital Association. The main outcome measures were all‐cause mortality at 3, 10, and 30 days after positive culture date; transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) within 48 hours of positive culture; and central line removal within seven days of the positive blood culture.ResultsNine hundred fifty‐seven BSI were included in the analysis. Three hundred fifty‐four BSI (37%) were associated with at least one adverse outcome. All‐cause mortality was 1% (n = 9), 3% (n = 26), and 6% (n = 57) at 3, 10, and 30 days after BSI, respectively. In the 165 BSI (17%) associated with admission to the ICU, the median ICU stay was four days (IQR 2‐10). Twenty‐one percent of all infections (n = 203) were associated with central line removal within seven days of positive blood culture.ConclusionsBSI in PHO and HSCT patients are associated with adverse outcomes. These data will assist in defining the impact of BSI in this population and demonstrate the need for quality improvement and research efforts to decrease them.
Succinylome Analysis Reveals the Involvement of Lysine Succinylation in the Extreme Resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans
Authors: Zhou Congli , Dai Jingli , Lu Huizhi , Chen Zijing , Guo Miao , He Yuan , Gao Kaixuan , Ge Tong , Jin Jiayu , Wang Liangyan , Tian Bing , Hua Yuejin , Zhao Ye 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIncreasing evidence shows that the succinylation of lysine residues mainly regulates enzymes involved in the carbon metabolism pathway, in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Deinococcus radiodurans is one of the most radioresistant organisms on earth and is famous for its robust resistance. A major goal in the current study of protein succinylation is to explore its function in D. radiodurans. High‐resolution LC–MS/MS is used for qualitative proteomics to perform a global succinylation analysis of D. radiodurans and 492 succinylation sites in 270 proteins are identified. These proteins are involved in a variety of biological processes and pathways. It is found that the enzymes involved in nucleic acid binding/processing are enriched in D. radiodurans compared with their previously reported levels in other bacteria. The mutagenesis studies confirm that succinylation regulates the enzymatic activities of species‐specific proteins PprI and DdrB, which belong to the radiation–desiccation response regulon. Together, these results provide insight into the role of lysine succinylation in the extreme resistance of D. radiodurans.