bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomes of Leaf‐Growing Zones in Rice Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance
Authors: Wu Yunqi , Mirzaei Mehdi , Pascovici Dana , Haynes Paul A. , Atwell Brian J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlants require a distinctive cohort of enzymes to coordinate cell division and expansion. Proteomic analysis now enables interrogation of immature leaf bases where these processes occur. Hence, proteins in tissues sampled from leaves of a drought‐tolerant rice (IAC1131) are investigated to provide insights into the effect of soil drying on gene expression relative to the drought‐sensitive genotype Nipponbare. Shoot growth zones are dissected to estimate the proportion of dividing cells and extract protein for subsequent tandem mass tags quantitative proteomic analysis. Gene ontology annotations of differentially expressed proteins provide insights into responses of Nipponbare and IAC1131 to drought. Soil drying does not affect the percentage of mitotic cells in IAC1131. More than 800 proteins across most functional categories increase in drought (and decrease on rewatering) in IAC1131, including proteins involved in “organizing the meristem” and “new cell formation”. On the other hand, the percentage of dividing cells in Nipponbare is severely impaired during drought and fewer than 200 proteins respond in abundance when growing zones undergo a drying cycle. Remarkably, the proteomes of the growing zones of each genotype respond in a highly distinctive manner, reflecting their contrasting drought tolerance even at the earliest stages of leaf development.
Discovery of a Novel Connecting Link between Renin–Angiotensin System and Cancer in Barrett's Esophagus by Proteomic Screening
Authors: Rao Rashmi , Husain Amjad , Bharti Alok C. , Kashyap Manoj K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a central role in the regulation of homeostasis and blood pressure. This involves an important enzyme called angiotensin‐converting enzyme that leads to the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II. RAS has been reported to show association with inflammation, and in sporadic studies, with cancer. In particular, angiotensin II has been reported to be prevalent in the hypoxic microenvironment and associated with cancer signaling pathways. In a recent study, Bratlie et al. (Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2019, 4, 1800102) is shown to exploit 2D gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins by comparing low‐grade dysplasia in Barrett's Esophagus (BE) following administration of agents that interfere with RAS, that is, enalapril and candesartan, and identified specific modulation of HSP60, PDIA3, and PPA1. Though 2D gel coupled with MS is a commonly‐used tool for studying proteomes, it still has limitations in terms of a comprehensive analysis due to lack of absolute quantitation in a high‐throughput manner. Despite technical limitations and the small size of the study, preliminary data emerging from the investigation show interference caused by clinically approved RAS inhibitors resulting in alteration of molecular markers associated with tumorigenicity. The authors propose potential factors that may influence the progression of the disease. However, these are conspicuous changes in high‐abundance proteins only. Therefore, there is a need to carry out detailed experimental studies either using an in vitro labeling technique (isobaric labeling for relative and absolute quantitation) for tissues or an in vivo labeling technique (stable isotope labeling in animal cell culture) coupled with LC‐MS/MS to identify differentially‐regulated proteins to delineate the role of RAS in BE.
Exploring point defects in hexagonal boron‐nitrogen monolayers
Authors: Korona Tatiana , Chojecki Michał 
Published: March 2019

AbstractA comprehensive theoretical study of selected point defects for a monolayer of hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) is presented. Two‐dimensional structures were simulated through largeh‐BN molecular clusters and used to examine various defects, like: atom vacancies, atom substitutions, or distortions of the hexagonal lattice. Since carbon contaminations are very common in theh‐BN technology, a particular attention has been paid to carbon impurities. The calculations of IR spectra for the doped molecular clusters reveal the presence of additional frequencies, which in many cases correspond to defect‐bound modes. In particular, when two carbon atoms are close to each other, a localized stretching CC mode of a high intensity has been found, with a frequency value of about 100‐200 cm–1higher than for collective BN stretch frequencies. Absorption UV‐Vis spectra obtained from time‐dependent density functional theory show that the inclusion of impurities results in an emergence of several low‐energy electronic excitations, from which some are localized on a defect, while other are delocalized. Energies of these excitations are strongly dependent on the defect type, and they range from about 0.7 to 6.1 eV for the lowest excitations. Based on UV‐Vis spectra we propose several candidates which could be responsible for the experimental 4 eV color band. These defects are built from two or four adjacent carbon atoms and have the lowest excitation ranging from 3.9 to 4.8 eV, which is strongly localized on the defect.
In silico, in vitro and in vivo metabolite identification of brexpiprazole using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Thakkar Disha , Kate Abhijeet S. 
Published: March 2019

RationaleBrexpiprazole is a novel serotonin–dopamine activity modulator approved by the USFDA in July 2015 for the treatment of schizophrenia and as an adjunctive therapy with other antidepressants for major depressive disorder in adults. However, limited numbers of metabolites are reported in the literature for brexpiprazole. Our prime intent behind this study is to revisit metabolite profiling of brexpiprazole and to identify and characterize all possible in vitro and in vivo metabolites.MethodsFirstly, the site of metabolism for brexpiprazole was predicted by a Xenosite web predictor model. Secondly, in vitro metabolite profiling was performed by incubating the drug individually with rat liver microsomes, human liver microsomes and rat S9 fraction at 37°C for 1 h in incubator shaker. Finally, for in vivo metabolite identification, a 50 mg kg−1 dose of brexpiprazole was administered to male Sprague–Dawley rats and the presence of various metabolites was confirmed in rat plasma, urine and feces.ResultsThe predicted atomic site of metabolism was obtained as a color gradient by the Xenosite web predictor tool and, from this study, probable metabolites were listed. In total, 14 phase I and 2 phase II metabolites were identified and characterized in the in vitro and in vivo matrices using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/QTOF‐MS/MS). The majority of metabolites were found in the sample incubated with human liver microsomes and in rat urine, while in the other matrices only a few metabolites were detected.ConclusionsAll the 16 metabolites were identified and characterized using UHPLC/QTOF‐MS/MS. The study revealed that brexpiprazole is metabolized via hydroxylation, glucuronidation, S‐oxidation, N‐oxidation, dioxidation, oxidative deamination, N‐dealkylation, etc.
Systematic Investigation on the Adsorption Performance and Mechanism of MnO2/TA Nanoflowers for Cu(II) Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Gao Hongtao , Xiu Master. Q. , Wang Master. Y. , Zhan Bachelor. Y. , Deng Xiaoyan , Xu Yongji , Dai Dongmei , Liu Xien , Si Chongdian , Liu Guangun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this work, a nanoflower‐type manganese dioxide composite with tannic acid (MnO2/TA) was prepared using a facile hydrothermal method. The maximum adsorption capacity of nanoflower MnO2/TA for Cu(II) removal from aqueous solution was 194.3 mg⋅g−1, and this illustrated the excellent adsorptive activity of nanoflower MnO2/TA. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm investigations showed that pseudo second order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model fit the experimental data well. The surface complex formation model (SCFM) was used to study the adsorptive process and mechanism of Cu(II) adsorption on the surface of MnO2/TA. Further investigation indicated that the adsorption energies for various forms of Cu(II) were negative which indicated that Cu(II) adsorption on MnO2/TA was a spontaneous process. Electrostatic interactions and chemical complexation were involved in Cu(II) removal by MnO2/TA from aqueous solution. The decline of adsorption capacity was about 10% for MnO2/TA after being reused five times, and this showed that the adsorbent might be reused in Cu(II) removal. The MnO2/TA nanocomposite has been proven to be a low‐cost and efficient adsorbent that could be a potential material for use in environmental treatment. Understanding the adsorption mechanism might provide a technical basis for the processual design of heavy metal adsorbents.
An Efficient and Eco‐Friendly One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrazolopyridines Mediated by Choline Chloride/Urea Eutectic Mixture
Authors: Vanegas Sebastián , Rodríguez Daniel , Ochoa‐Puentes Cristian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this contribution several choline chloride‐based deep eutectic solvents were evaluated as novel reaction media for the multicomponent one‐pot synthesis of pyrazolopyridine derivatives. It was found that the reaction between hydrazines, ethyl acetoacetate, ammonium acetate and aldehydes or ketones is efficiently catalyzed by the eutectic mixture choline chloride/urea yielding a wide variety of tetrahydrodipyrazolopyridine derivatives in good to excellent yields. In addition, the low melting mixture was reused in four cycles without observing a detrimental catalytic activity.
A formal framework for measuring technical lag in component repositories — and its application to npm
Authors: Zerouali Ahmed , Mens Tom , Gonzalez‐Barahona Jesus , Decan Alexandre , Constantinou Eleni , Robles Gregorio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractReusable Open Source Software (OSS) components for major programming languages are available in package repositories. Developers rely on package management tools to automate deployments, specifying which package releases satisfy the needs of their applications. However, these specifications may lead to deploying package releases that are outdated, or otherwise undesirable, because they do not include bug fixes, security fixes, or new functionality. In contrast, automatically updating to a more recent release may introduce incompatibility issues. To capture this delicate balance, we formalise a generic model of technical lag, a concept that quantifies to which extent a deployed collection of components is outdated, with respect to the ideal deployment. We operationalise this model for the npm package manager. We empirically analyze the history of package update practices and technical lag for more than 500K packages with about 4M package releases over a seven‐year period. We consider both development and runtime dependencies, and study both direct and transitive dependencies. We also analyze the technical lag of external GitHub applications depending on npm packages. We report our findings, suggesting the need for more awareness of, and integrated tool support for, controlling technical lag in software libraries.
Green marketing mix: A case study of Brazilian retail enterprises
Authors: Madeira Adriana Beatriz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe challenges posed by the limited availability of resources means that retail operations and methods must be revised and redesigned. Against the current backdrop of changes, companies are seeking to innovate the way in which they market their wares. Within this context, this article discusses the “green marketing mix” from the perspective of Brazilian retail enterprises. In addition, the study described in this article sought to identify and highlight the elements that should be considered when defining strategically each variable within the green retail marketing mix. As part of this work, a case study was carried out on two Brazilian retail companies. The case analysis revealed that despite defining themselves as “green,” when their retail marketing mix was analyzed, the companies presented differing degrees of sustainability. Furthermore, expanding the theoretical framework for the green retail marketing mix is a crucial issue in the services sector, and it has significant, practical repercussions.
Factor analysis: Latent variable, matrix decomposition, and constrained uniqueness formulations
Authors: Adachi Kohei 
Published: March 2019

Factor analysis (FA) is a time‐honored multivariate analysis procedure for exploring the factors that underlie observed multiple variables to explain their variations. According to how the factors are treated, the formulations of FA can be classified into three approaches. One of them can be called a latent variable (LV) formulation, while the remaining two can be named matrix decomposition (MD) ones. The factors are regarded as random latent variables in the LV formulation, but treated as fixed parameter matrices in the MD ones. Here, the latter MD formulations are subdivided into the one simply called MD and the constrained uniqueness (CU) formulation with a special constraint. As compared to the LV formulation which is classic, MD and CU ones are recently established. Thus, it is useful to review the formulations now.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Multivariate Analysis
Captive ring‐tailed lemur breeding in semi‐free ranging conditions and genetic parentage analysis
Authors: Breton Grégory , Thibault Sophie , Werts Mathieu , Baudry Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe ring‐tailed lemur (Lemur catta), one of the most iconic and widely recognized primates in the world, is threatened in its native range and classified as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The global conservation strategy for the species includes ex situ conservation efforts led by zoological institutions in the framework of regional captive breeding programs. To maximize the conservation of genetic diversity and optimize breeding programs, an accurate pedigree must be established in captive populations. Our study documents the formation and subsequent monitoring of a large ring‐tailed lemur group in a French zoological institution. Based on staff's behavioral observations and DNA analyses using 11 microsatellite markers, we were able to document the survival and reproduction rates of the lemurs in this situation and reconstruct the pedigree of infants born in the institution. In total, 22 of the 28 imported animals as well as 4 locally born individuals gave birth to 58 infants of which 28 survived. The consistent genotypes obtained from the 53 sampled animals allowed us to identify 25 of the sires and 27 of the dams for the 28 surviving infants. A total of 12 different females and 14 different males produced the 28 surviving infants, suggesting that no individual dominates reproduction. This pioneering study has practical applications for the captive management of the species, which can be raised to the individual level instead of the group level.
Near-Infrared Study of Water Adsorption on Homo-Ionic Forms of Montmorillonite
Authors: Bizovská Valéria , Pálková Helena , Madejová Jana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe potential of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to track the adsorption of water on montmorillonite saturated with different exchangeable cations is demonstrated in the present study. The Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ forms of JP montmorillonite (Jelšový Potok, Slovakia) were first dried and then hydrated at 23, 52, 88, and 100% relative humidity (RH). The combination band of water molecules, (ν+δ)H2O$\end{document}, allowed the study of the effect of exchangeable cations on the strength of H bonds between water molecules and on the amount of adsorbed water. With increasing ionic potential (IP) of the exchangeable cation, the strength of the H bonds increased and the (ν+δ)H2O\$\end{document} band was shifted to lower wavenumbers. The area of the (ν+δ)H2O\$\end{document} band, corresponding to the amount of adsorbed water, was compared with results from gravimetry. The good correlation (R2 > 0.97) between the two independent methods confirmed that the (ν+δ)H2O\$\end{document} band area reflected reasonably well the amount of H2O in montmorillonite. The peak-fitting analysis of the (ν+δ)H2O\$\end{document} band allowed differentiation of weakly and strongly H-bonded water molecules. The position of the high-frequency component at 5260–5250 cm−1, related to H2O weakly H-bonded to basal oxygens of the tetrahedral sheets, was influenced only slightly by the exchangeable cations. Two low-frequency components were assigned to the combination modes involving asymmetric (ν3) and symmetric (ν1) stretching vibrations of strongly H-bonded H2O. Only the (ν1+δ)H2O\$\end{document} component (5055–5000 cm−1) showed significant dependence on the type of exchangeable cation and hydration level. Peak-fit analysis revealed a small effect of the type of exchangeable cation on the amount of water molecules weakly H-bonded to the siloxane surface but a pronounced effect on the content of strongly hydrogen-bonded H2O. The amount of weakly H-bonded H2O remained stable after reaching a certain level of hydration, but a gradual increase in the strongly H-bonded water molecules with increasing RH was observed.
A critical review of methods used to determine phosphorus and digestible amino acid matrices when using phytase in poultry and pig diets
Authors: Dersjant-Li Yueming , Hruby Milan , Evans Ceinwen , Greiner Ralf 
Published: March 2019

SummaryPhytase is applied in animal feed based on its standard activity measured at pH 5.5, however the relative activity at pH 3 (e.g. stomach pH, the main site for the breakdown of phytate) varies among the commercial phytases, ranging from 56% (an E coli phytase) to 235% (Buttiauxella phytase). These diverse sources of phytases have varying capability for degrading phytate and, correspondingly, different P, digestible amino acid and metabolisable energy matrix values. In addition, the matrix values recommended by different phytase suppliers are not comparable, as different methodologies have been used to determine them. Phosphorus (P) and other matrix values can be determined by direct measurement of digestible P (dP) improvements by the addition of phytase above a negative control in large numbers of in vivo studies using increasing phytase doses. Alternatively, matrix values can be assessed by indirect measurement, using inorganic P (usually mono- or dicalcium sources) as a reference, typically based on tibia or metacarpal ash as a response parameter to estimate available P equivalence, either at a single or different phytase doses. When using the indirect measurement, the available P equivalence with increasing phytase doses may be calculated based on a log linear model. Although both methods are acceptable methodologies, direct measurement may under-estimate and indirect measurement may over-estimate matrix values, and a large number of in vivo studies give the best estimates of matrix values. Phytase efficacy can be influenced by phytase source, dose level, dietary composition (Ca level and Ca: P ratio). Phytase end users are encouraged to be aware of the methods used by suppliers to determine matrix values, before applying them in their feed formulations.
Entiers friables dans des progressions arithmétiques de grand module
Authors: DE LA BRETÈCHE R. , FIORILLI D. 
Published: March 2019

RésuméWe study the average error term in the usual approximation to the number of y-friable integers congruent to a modulo q, where a ≠ 0 is a fixed integer. We show that in the range exp{(log log x)5/3+ɛ} ⩽ y ⩽ x and on average over q ⩽ x/M with M → ∞ of moderate size, this average error term is asymptotic to −|a| Ψ(x/|a|, y)/2x. Previous results of this sort were obtained by the second author for reasonably dense sequences, however the sequence of y-friable integers studied in the current paper is thin, and required the use of different techniques, which are specific to friable integers.
Half‐Graben Rupture Geometry of the 30 October 2016 MW6.6 Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove Earthquake, Central Italy
Authors: Cheloni D. , Falcucci E. , Gori S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractExisting models for the rupture geometry and slip distribution associated with the 30 October MW6.6 Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove earthquake in central Italy show significant dissimilarities. Indeed, due to the quite complicated observed deformation pattern, the activation of a complex multifault structure during a single seismic event was invoked. In this study, we explore different rupture scenarios and we develop a robust model of the rupture process of the 30 October earthquake, designed from new field observations, aftershock distribution, and static coseismic offsets including new near‐field survey‐mode global position system measurements, regional Global Positioning System observations, Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar interferograms, and static displacements derived from strong‐motion stations. Our preferred best fit model involves the simultaneous rupture of the master Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove normal fault and of at least two secondary antithetic faults (as they significantly contributed to the total deformation field), which overall describe a “simple conceptual” half‐graben normal fault system and whose arrangement fits the geological, seismological, and coseismic evidence of surface faulting. Notably, our model fits the geometry of seismogenic structures defined prior to the 2016–2017 seismic sequence by field Quaternary geological observations. In addition, no significant coseismic slip on faults alternative to the master and antithetic faults is necessary to explain the observed surface displacements during the 30 October Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove earthquake.
The Equatorial Undercurrent and Its Origin in the Region Between Mindanao and New Guinea
Authors: Wang Qingye , Wang Fujun , Feng Junqiao , Hu Shijian , Zhang Linlin , Jia Fan , Hu Dunxin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerein, the spatial characteristics of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) in the region between Mindanao and New Guinea and the origins of the EUC and the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) were investigated using a combination of high‐resolution Argo hydrographic data and numerical modeling. The Mindanao Current (MC) results in the formation of a strong EUC‐depth eastward current that splits into two branches near the Halmahera Eddy west of 132°E, with one branch directly flowing eastward without experiencing the Halmahera Eddy rotation effect, and the other branch flowing southwestward and then turning northeastward. The EUC and NECC were difficult to distinguish between 132°E and 136°E, since the former combined with the latter to form a continuous equator‐tilted current. At ~137°E, the EUC axis started turning toward the equator, and an isolated EUC core was observed at 143°E and ~200‐m depth. The Pacific EUC was shown to originate at ~130°E, where it featured an isolated current core with a maximum velocity of 5–10 cm/s at ~1°N and 200‐ to 400‐m depth. The EUC and NECC in the western tropical Pacific were found to have the same water sources, namely, the MC and the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent, with the shallow parts (centered at ~100‐m depth) of MC and New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent finally reaching the NECC and their deeper parts (centered at ~200‐m depth) finally reaching the EUC.