bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observational study of hydrocarbons in the bright photodissociation region of Messier 8
Authors: Tiwari M. , Menten K. M. , Wyrowski F. , Pérez-Beaupuits J. P. , Lee M.-Y. , Kim W.-J. 
Published: April 2019

Aims. Hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium, but their formation is still not well understood, depending on the physical environment in which they are found. Messier 8 (M8) is host to one of the brightest H II regions and photodissociation regions (PDRs) in our galaxy. With the observed C2H and c-C3H2 data toward M8, we aim at obtaining their densities and abundances and to shed some light on their formation mechanism.
Methods. Using the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) 12 m, and the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 m telescopes, we performed a line survey toward Herschel 36 (Her 36), which is the main ionizing stellar system in M8, and an imaging survey within 1.3 × 1.3 pc around Her 36 of various transitions of C2H and c-C3H2. We used both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE methods to determine the physical conditions of the emitting gas along with the column densities and abundances of the observed species, which we compared with (updated) gas-phase photochemical PDR models. In order to examine the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the formation of small hydrocarbons and to investigate their association with the H II region, the PDR and the molecular cloud, we compared archival Galactic Legacy Infrared Mid-Plane Survey Extraordinaire (GLIMPSE) 8 μm and the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) 250 μm continuum images with the C2H emission maps.
Results. We observed a total of three rotational transitions of C2H with their hyperfine structure components and four rotational transitions of c-C3H2 with ortho and para symmetries toward the H II region and the PDR of M8. Fragmentation of PAHs seems less likely to contribute to the formation of small hydrocarbons as the 8 μm emission does not follow the distribution of C2H emission, which is more associated with the molecular cloud toward the north west of Her 36. From the quantitative analysis, we obtained abundances of ~10−8 and 10−9 for C2H and c-C3H2 respectively, and volume densities of the hydrocarbon emitting gas in the range n(H2) ~5 × 104–5 × 106 cm−3.
Conclusions. The observed column densities of C2H and c-C3H2 are reproduced reasonably well by our PDR models. This supports the idea that in high-UV flux PDRs, gas-phase chemistry is sufficient to explain hydrocarbon abundances.
DNVF-Memorandum III – Methoden für die Versorgungsforschung, Teil 4 – Konzept und Methoden der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung. Kapitel 1 – Definition und Konzept der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Ansmann Lena , Baumann Walter , Gostomzyk Johannes , Götz Katja , Hahn Ursula , Pfaff Holger , Rölker-Denker Lars , Nöst Stefan 
Published: April 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Forschungsfeld der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung ist in Deutschland noch relativ jung und von zunehmendem Interesse. Das Deutsche Netzwerk Versorgungsforschung e.V. (DNVF e.V.) hat im Jahr 2009 – getragen von den im DNVF organisierten Fachgesellschaften und Mitgliedern – eine Vertiefung zu „Methoden der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung“ des Memorandums III, Teil 1 konsentiert [1]. Ausgehend von dieser Veröffentlichung und dem gegenwärtigen Bedeutungsgewinn des Forschungsfeldes wurde eine Weiterentwicklung der konzeptionellen und methodischen Grundlagen erforderlich. Die Neuauflage und Erweiterung der Veröffentlichung aus dem Jahr 2009 gliedert sich in drei Kapitel: (1) Definition und Konzept der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung, (2) Methodische Ansätze der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung: Zielgrößen, Datenquellen, Datenerhebung und Datenanalyse, (3) Methodische Ansätze zur Konzeption, Evaluation und Implementierung komplexer Interventionen in Versorgungsorganisationen. Die Herausarbeitung der theoretischen Rahmung und die Definition der Begriffe und Aufgaben der organisationsbezogenen Versorgungsforschung sind Ziele dieses ersten Kapitels.
Rational design of an argon-binding superelectrophilic anion
Authors: Mayer Martin , van Lessen Valentin , Rohdenburg Markus , Hou Gao-Lei , Yang Zheng , Exner Rüdiger M. , Aprà Edoardo , Azov Vladimir A. , Grabowsky Simon , Xantheas Sotiris S. , Asmis Knut R. , Wang Xue-Bin , Jenne Carsten , Warneke Jonas 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceStrong electrophilicity usually goes hand in hand with positive charge. In contrast, most negative ions behave like nucleophiles. Here we challenge this conventional wisdom by introducing an apparently counterintuitive idea that anions can, under well-defined circumstances, behave as superelectrophiles and even show superior binding strength and kinetic product stabilization in comparison with typical superelectrophilic cations. Emanating from the most stable gas-phase dianion [B12(CN)12]2−, synthesized here, we generate its superelectrophilic fragment anion [B12(CN)11]−, which binds Ar covalently at room temperature. This opens up additional directions for activation of inert compounds and elements.
The semantic development of borrowed derivational morphology
Authors: Schulte Marion 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of borrowing on the semantics of a derivational suffix. It presents a case study that compares the borrowed Middle English suffix -eryto Middle French -erie, paying special attention to their respective semantic structures and analysing them with semantic maps. The semantic structure of the borrowed suffix -eryis very similar to that of its origin -erieand there is no evidence for semantic reduction as a result of the borrowing process. This stability is linked to sociolinguistic aspects of the contact situation. Substantial semantic changes do occur in the recipient language after the suffix has become an established word formation process, however. On the basis of empirical data, this paper makes a contribution to the study of derivational semantics and contact linguistics by proposing a methodology for the analysis of the semantic structure of (borrowed) derivational morphology.
Explicitness of deductive instruction and L2 development
Authors: Adrada-Rafael Sergio 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the effects that different types of instruction varying in explicitness had on 88 intermediate-level Spanish
learners’ development of the imperfect subjunctive on a reading task. Participants were randomly assigned to one of 3 experimental conditions that
differed in their degree of instructional explicitness (+/− deductive). One condition (+Deductive) received a detailed grammar explanation prior to
task; a second condition (−Deductive) received a hint about a new target form present in the reading task, and the third condition (Baseline) was not
presented with any grammar information or hint. The study consisted of 3 sessions, following a pre/post/delayed computerized test design with 2 weeks
between sessions. Results showed that the −Deductive condition performed as well as the +Deductive condition immediately and 2 weeks after treatment
for both Interpretation and Controlled production tests.
Degree intensifiers as expressives in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Xie Zhiguo , Luo Qiongpeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we provide an empirical description and a theoretical analysis of the adverbial use ofhǎo‘(lit.) good’,lǎo‘(lit.) old’, andguài‘(lit.) strange’ in Mandarin Chinese. The three adverbs represent a small yet theoretically interesting class of lexical items. Because they manifest certain similarities to canonical degree adverbs such ashěn‘very’ andfēicháng‘extremely’, they have been usually treated as pure degree adverbs in the descriptive linguistics literature. Empirical evidence, however, shows that these adverbs actually fuse together both degree intensification and expressive meanings. For instance, they convey strong emotion on the part of the speaker and cannot appear in non-veridical contexts such as negation, modals, information-seeking questions, and antecedents of conditionals. We argue thathǎo, lǎo, andguàiare mixed-content lexical items. Based on their empirical behaviors, we follow recent advances in multidimensional semantics to propose a hybrid formal analysis ofhǎo, lǎo, andguàiby incorporating degree semantics into a multidimensional logic for conventional implicature.
韓漢同源說的問題與韓漢語言關係
Authors: Eom Ik-sang 
Published: April 2019

抽象
有些韓語固有詞與對應的上古漢語詞類似。譬如，
表示「風」的韓語固有詞param和「風」字的漢語上古音*prəm類似。一些學者認爲這些韓漢類似詞一定是從同一詞源發展而來，提出韓漢同源說，主張韓語和漢語屬於同一語系。本文將從微觀和宏觀的視角探討該學說是否妥當，並指出韓漢同源說存在的一些問題。本文還將根據陳保亞(1996)的理論，考察了韓漢類似詞在Swadesh
(1952; 1955)的100核心詞（第一階詞）和200核心詞減除100核心詞（第二階詞）裏出現的數量。發現第一階核心詞目錄裏主要有「吾、汝、人、男、葉、眼、牙、街、白」等9個韓漢類似詞，第二階核心詞目錄裏也有「日（天）、其、腿、老、江、聞、轉、洗、風」等9個類似詞。韓漢類似詞的數量在第一階詞目錄和第二階詞目錄裏幾乎完全相同，分佈曲線趨向平直。陳保亞認為少數類似詞分佈曲線不上不下，走向平直就表明兩種語言為接觸關係。因此本文將論證韓語和漢語不是親屬關係而是接觸關係。
‘Intersemiotic translating’
Authors: Mossop Brian 
Published: April 2019

AbstractShould transpositions between language and other sign systems be considered a kind of translation? The answer could be yes if the comparison is made to interlingual translating that features a high degree of variance. Here, however, the question will be whether there are any kinds of intersemiotic transposition that feature a high degree ofinvariance. Four criteria are suggested for defining invariance-oriented translation, and a variety of possible instances of invariant intersemiotic translation are considered, with special mention of transpositions to and from music.
A corpus-driven analysis of uncertainty and uncertainty management in Chinese premier press conference
interpreting
Authors: Shen Mingxia , Lv Qianxi , Liang Junying 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper examines uncertainty encountered by expert interpreters at Chinese Premier Press Conferences by marking
interpreters’ five types of hesitation phenomena and analyzes uncertainty management strategies. Results show (1)
self-corrections, repetitions, and reformulations occur less frequently than pauses, indicating expert interpreter’s better
control of interpreting fluency; (2) speakers may impact interpreters’ hesitation with segment length positively correlated with
interpreters’ pauses, self-correction, and reformulation, and speaking rate explains the variance in the occurrence of filled
pauses; (3) pauses occur for retrieving lexical and morphological information, eliminating logical doubt, and explicating cultural
connotation; (4) expert interpreters adopt addition and rank shift more than ellipsis, simplification, splitting, and repetition
as uncertainty management strategies, showing an emphasis on adequacy, comprehensibility, and acceptability in their output.
Macro to nano: a microscopy study of a wrought magnesium alloy after deformation
Authors: Whitmore L C , Denk J , Zickler G A , Bourret G R , Huber O , Huesing N , Diwald O 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This educational paper aims to assist physics teachers in explaining the concepts and principles of material composition and deformation by describing how to perform a microscopy investigation of a deformed wrought magnesium alloy test piece. By examining the changes taking place at the different length scales from macro to nano it is possible to understand how changes in the microstructure influence the macroscopic appearance and properties. The microscopy techniques employed for the investigation of each length scale—light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy—are explained along with the procedures of specimen preparation. A background is given to help teachers explain the microstructure of magnesium, the role of magnesium alloys in modern industrial and technological contexts and the historical developments of microscopy. The paper can also be used to assist teachers in laboratory courses to describe the principles and methods of scientific experiment. The work is fully referenced and a reading list is included, making it suitable as a teaching resource for academic courses or for solo study.
Imaging topology of Hofstadter ribbons
Authors: Genkina Dina , Aycock Lauren M , Lu Hsin-I , Lu Mingwu , Pineiro Alina M , Spielman I B 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Physical systems with non-trivial topological order find direct applications in metrology (Klitzing et al 1980 Phys. Rev. Lett. 45 494–7) and promise future applications in quantum computing (Freedman 2001 Found. Comput. Math.
1 183–204; Kitaev 2003 Ann. Phys.
303 2–30). The quantum Hall effect derives from transverse conductance, quantized to unprecedented precision in accordance with the system’s topology (Laughlin 1981 Phys. Rev. B 23 5632–33). At magnetic fields beyond the reach of current condensed matter experiment, around

10

4

T, this conductance remains precisely quantized with values based on the topological order (Thouless et al 1982 Phys. Rev. Lett.
49 405–8). Hitherto, quantized conductance has only been measured in extended 2D systems. Here, we experimentally studied narrow 2D ribbons, just 3 or 5 sites wide along one direction, using ultracold neutral atoms where such large magnetic fields can be engineered (Jaksch and Zoller 2003 New J. Phys. 5 56; Miyake et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett.
111 185302; Aidelsburger et al 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett.
111 185301; Celi et al 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett.
112 043001; Stuhl et al 2015 Science
349 1514; Mancini et al 2015 Science
349 1510; An et al 2017 Sci. Adv.
3). We microscopically imaged the transverse spatial motion underlying the quantized Hall effect. Our measurements identify the topological Chern numbers with typical uncertainty of

5

%

, and show that although band topology is only properly defined in infinite systems, its signatures are striking even in nearly vanishingly thin systems.
A 3D nonlinear Maxwell’s equations solver based on a hybrid numerical method
Authors: Lin Aihua , Jakobsen Per Kristen 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we explore the possibility of solving 3D Maxwell’s equations in the presence of a nonlinear and/or inhomogeneous material response. We propose using a hybrid approach, which combines a boundary integral representation with a domain-based method. This hybrid approach has previously been successfully applied to 1D linear and nonlinear transient wave scattering problems. The basic idea of the approach is to propagate Maxwell’s equations inside the scattering objects forward in time using a domain-based method, while a boundary integral representation of the electromagnetic field is used to supply the domain-based method with the Required surface values. Thus, no grids outside the scattering objects are needed, and this greatly reduces the computational cost and complexity.
Forecast of seasonal water availability in Central Asia with near-real time GRACE water storage anomalies
Authors: Apel Heiko , Gouweleeuw Ben , Gafurov Abror , Güntner Andreas 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Water availability during summer in Central Asia is controlled by the snow melt in the surrounding mountains. Reliable forecasts of river discharge during this period are essential for the management of water resources. This study tests the predictive power of GRACE gravity-based water storage anomalies in a linear regression framework for two large catchments. The results show substantial improvements of the forecasts in the larger Amudarya catchment compared to forecasts using just climate, snow cover, and discharge data. In this catchment, GRACE water storage anomalies even provide the largest share of explained variance. This leads to the conclusion that GRACE data can improve the forecast of seasonal water availability for large basins in Central Asia. The GRACE-FO mission launched in May 2018 opens up the possibility of operational forecasts utilizing upcoming near-real time products from satellite gravimetry for Central Asia and similar environments.
Influence of land use changes on submarine groundwater discharge
Authors: Rufí-Salís Martí , Garcia-Orellana Jordi , Cantero Gerard , Castillo Jordi , Hierro Almudena , Rieradevall Joan , Bach Joan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The 20th century has been characterized by an exponential population growth, with a high density in coastal zones. The aim of this work is to study the impact of land use changes on the hydrological cycle, and possible consequences in marine environment. The study has focused on the relationship between coastal urbanisation and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) that may cause an alteration in the biogeochemical cycles of marine ecosystems. An analysis of land use changes, historical salinities and nutrients data in the Maresme (Barcelona) coastal zone have revealed that the percentage of urban and forest zone land use has increased since 1990, corresponding to a decrease of nutrients in coastal waters through SGD. These impacts may cause changes in coastal biogeochemical cycles, like the decrease in chlorophyll concentrations. Results denote the correlation between land use, coastal aquifer dynamics and the effects of SGD in coastal environments.
Cesarean Delivery and Hypertension in Early Adulthood
Authors: Ferraro Alexandre Archanjo , Barbieri Marco Antônio , da Silva Antonio Augusto Moura , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , Fernandes Maria Teresa Bechere , Cardoso Viviane Cunha , Stein Aryeh David , Bettiol Heloisa 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The rate of cesarean delivery (CD) is high in many parts of the world. Birth via CD has been associated with adverse later health outcomes, such as obesity, asthma, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Few studies have focused on hypertension. We investigated the associations of CD with hypertension, systolic blood pressure (BP), and diastolic BP and tested whether body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) was a mediator of these associations in a birth cohort (n = 2,020) assembled in 1978–1979 and followed up in 2002–2004 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The CD rate was 32.0%. Hypertension was present in 11.7% of persons born via CD and 7.7% of those born vaginally. Being born by CD increased the odds of hypertension by 51% (odds ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 2.07). After adjustment for confounders, this estimate changed little (odds ratio = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.06). In a mediation analysis, odds ratios for the indirect and direct effects were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.25) and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.65), respectively. CD also had indirect effects on both systolic and diastolic BP via BMI. Our findings suggest that CD is associated with young-adult hypertension and that this association is at least partially mediated by BMI. This has implications for countries struggling with the burden of noncommunicable diseases and where CD rates are high.
The transparency method and knowing our reasons
Authors: Keeling Sophie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Subjects can know what their attitudes are and also their motivating reasons for those attitudes – for example, S can know that she believes that q and also that she believes that q for the reason that p. One attractive account of self-knowledge of attitudes appeals to the ‘transparency method’ (TM). According to TM, subjects answer the question of whether they believe that q by answering the world-directed question of whether q is true. Something similar also looks intuitive in the case of self-knowledge of motivating reasons, but cashing out such a view requires determining what the relevant world-directed question would be. This paper argues that subjects learn why they believe that q by answering the world-directed question ‘what are good reasons for believing that q?’ I argue for this against an alternative that I develop from Boyle 2011a.
Unsupervised discovery of phenotype-specific multi-omics networks
Authors: Shi W Jenny , Zhuang Yonghua , Russell Pamela H , Hobbs Brian D , Parker Margaret M , Castaldi Peter J , Rudra Pratyaydipta , Vestal Brian , Hersh Craig P , Saba Laura M , Kechris Katerina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Complex diseases often involve a wide spectrum of phenotypic traits. Better understanding of the biological mechanisms relevant to each trait promotes understanding of the etiology of the disease and the potential for targeted and effective treatment plans. There have been many efforts towards omics data integration and network reconstruction, but limited work has examined the incorporation of relevant (quantitative) phenotypic traits.

Results
We propose a novel technique, sparse multiple canonical correlation network analysis (SmCCNet), for integrating multiple omics data types along with a quantitative phenotype of interest, and for constructing multi-omics networks that are specific to the phenotype. As a case study, we focus on miRNA–mRNA networks. Through simulations, we demonstrate that SmCCNet has better overall prediction performance compared to popular gene expression network construction and integration approaches under realistic settings. Applying SmCCNet to studies on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and breast cancer, we found enrichment of known relevant pathways (e.g. the Cadherin pathway for COPD and the interferon-gamma signaling pathway for breast cancer) as well as less known omics features that may be important to the diseases. Although those applications focus on miRNA–mRNA co-expression networks, SmCCNet is applicable to a variety of omics and other data types. It can also be easily generalized to incorporate multiple quantitative phenotype simultaneously. The versatility of SmCCNet suggests great potential of the approach in many areas.

Availability and implementation
The SmCCNet algorithm is written in R, and is freely available on the web at https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SmCCNet/index.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
DNA metabarcoding to assess diet partitioning and feeding strategies in generalist vertebrate predators: a case study on three syntopic lacertid lizards from Morocco
Authors: Pereira Ana , Xavier Raquel , Perera Ana , Salvi Daniele , Harris D James 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
DNA metabarcoding is a fast and simple alternative to traditional microscopy methods, which have been the main tool for identification of prey in dietary studies of lizards. In this study, we applied a metabarcoding approach based on COI and 16S rRNA amplicons to assess diet partitioning and feeding strategies in three syntopic lizards from Taza, Morocco: Scelarcis perspicillata chabanaudi, Scelarcis perspicillata pellegrini and Podarcis vaucheri. In order to avoid competition, these lizards are expected to consume different prey species because they occupy distinct trophic niches, use different foraging strategies and express different dorsal pigmentation patterns. Given the spotted pattern of S. p. chabanaudi, we hypothesize a sit-and-wait foraging strategy with a less diverse diet and a higher consumption of mobile prey relative to the striped S. p. pellegrini and P. vaucheri which, as potential active foragers, are expected to have a higher diet diversity. Previous diet assessments using microscopy on faecal remains seem to contradict these expectations. Our results show that, as expected, the diet of S. p. chabanaudi is less diverse than the diet of S. p. pellegrini. Regarding P. vaucheri, our dietary data are consistent with the hypothesis that this species behaves as an active forager, owing to its high niche overlap with S. p. pellegrini. Advantages and limitations of molecular barcoding compared with the microscopy approach to the analysis of lizard diets are discussed.