bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated nitrogen deposition may advance invasive weed, Solidago canadensis, in calcareous soils
Authors: Wan Ling-Yun , Qi Shan-Shan , Zou Chris B , Dai Zhi-Cong , Ren Guang-Qian , Chen Qi , Zhu Bin , Du Dao-Lin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimsChange in nitrogen (N) availability regulates phosphorus (P) acquisition and potentially alters the competition among native species and invasive weeds. This study determines how current and projected N deposition affect the growth, the intraspecific and interspecific competitive ability of native and invasive plants in calcareous soils with low P availability.MethodsA controlled greenhouse experiment was conducted using sparingly soluble hydroxyapatite (HAP) to simulate the calcareous soils with low P availability. The growth and competitive intensity between an invasive weed (Solidago canadensis) and a native weed (Pterocypsela laciniata) exposed to two levels of N addition representative of current and future N deposition in China were experimentally determined.Important FindingsP acquisition and the growth of both S. canadensis and P. laciniata growing alone significantly increased with increasing N level. However, the effect of N addition was reduced when intraspecific or interspecific competition existed. N addition altered the competitive relationship between S. canadensis and P. laciniata allowing S. canadensis to out-compete P. laciniata due to variation in P acquisition from HAP. Elevated N deposition might assist the invasion of S. canadensis in the widely distributed calcareous soils under environmental changes.
Association Between Dietary Supplement Use and ICD-9-CM Code Classification in Active Duty US Navy and Marine Corps Service Members
Authors: Humphreys Matthew A , Phillips Christopher J , Trone Daniel W 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
This study is the first to our knowledge to examine associations of survey-reported dietary supplement use with medical record diagnoses, rather than retrospective self-reported supplement use at the time of the medical encounter or case reports of adverse events. Dietary supplement (DS) use and adverse events associations in US Navy and Marine Corps personnel remains unknown. This study assessed associations of DS use in active duty (AD) personnel with ICD-9-CM diagnostic codes from outpatient medical encounters from the Military Health System Data Repository (MDR).

Materials and Methods
This cross-sectional investigation used a one-time survey of DS use among AD conducted August through December 2014. Survey data were matched to MDR data accessed in September 2016, and associations between the survey responses and diagnoses were analyzed. Statistical significance was set at alpha level 0.005, and 99.5% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. MDR data were matched with survey results for 1,708 personnel. Multivariable logistic regression analyses examined whether use of specific classes of supplements was associated with disease.

Results
Results revealed significant associations between vitamin supplement use and ICD-9-CM-diagnosed diseases of the nervous system (odds ratio [OR]: 1.72, 99.5% CI: 1.11–2.68) and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (OR: 1.59, 99.5% CI: 1.17–2.17). Joint health supplement category use was associated with diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (OR: 1.81, 99.5% CI: 1.12–2.94) and injury and poisoning (OR: 1.82, 99.5% CI: 1.10–3.04).

Conclusions
The percentages of service members with diseases in specific ICD-9-CM diagnostic categories were similar to those reported in other studies using military medical data. There is a greater prevalence of dietary supplement use by the service members who participated in this survey compared with the general population, with 73% of US Navy and Marine Corps personnel reporting use of dietary supplements one or more times per week compared to the estimated 50% of all Americans currently using some form of dietary supplement. The DoD ensures the optimal readiness, performance, and health of its military service members, thus future longitudinal evaluation of dietary supplement use by this population will test the preliminary findings of this study.
O v] λλ1213.8,1218.3 emission from extended nebulae around quasars: contamination of Ly α and a new diagnostic for AGN activity in Ly α emitters
Authors: Humphrey A 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the potential for the emission lines O v] λλ1213.8,1218.3 and He ii λ1215.1 to contaminate flux measurements of Ly α λ1215.7 in the extended nebulae of quasars. We have computed a grid of photoionization models with a substantial range in the slope of the ionizing power law (−1.5 &lt; α &lt; −0.5), gas metallicity (0.01 &lt; Z/Z⊙ &lt; 3.0), gas density (1 &lt; nH &lt; 104 cm−3), and ionization parameter (10−5 &lt; U &lt; 1.0). We find the contribution from He ii λ1215.1 to be negligible, i.e. &lt;0.1 of Ly α flux, across our entire model grid. The contribution from O v] λλ1213.8,1218.3 is generally negligible when U is low (≲10−3) and/or when the gas metallicity is low (Z/Z⊙ ≲ 0.1). However, at higher values of U and Z we find that O v] can significantly contaminate Ly α, in some circumstances accounting for more than half the total flux of the Ly α + He ii + O v] blend. We also provide means to estimate the fluxes of O v] λλ1213.8,1218.3 and He ii λ1215.1 by extrapolating from other lines. We estimate the fluxes of O v] and He ii for a sample of 107 Type 2 active galaxies at z &gt; 2, and find evidence for significant (≥10 per cent) contamination of Ly α fluxes in the majority of cases (84 per cent). We also discuss prospects for using O v] λλ1213.8,1218.3 as a diagnostic for the presence of AGN activity in high-z Ly α emitters, and caution that the presence of significant O v] emission could impact the apparent kinematics of Ly α, potentially mimicking the presence of high-velocity gas outflows.
An Extension of the Minimally Divergent Contour Network: Considering Nonconsecutive Repeated Contour Pitches
Authors: Wu Yi-Cheng Daniel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In a 2013 article, I partitioned all musical contours into fifteen types and arranged them in a network called the minimally divergent contour network (MDCN). Within the MDCN, we can examine the similarity between any two contour types by measuring the shortest path between them. However, despite the methodological efficiency, none of the fifteen types considers nonconsecutive repeated contour pitches. Prompted by this issue, this article extends the MDCN to include nonconsecutive repeated contour pitches. To demonstrate the analytic utility of the extended MDCN, I examine works by Bright Sheng and György Kurtág.
Rock-salt and helix structures of silver iodides under ambient conditions
Authors: Huang Hongyang , Zhang Jinying , Zhang Yifan , Fu Chengcheng , Huang Jialiang , Cheng Yonghong , Niu Chunming , Zhao Xinluo , Shinohara Hisanori 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Many different phase structures have been discovered for silver iodides. The β and γ phases were found to be the most common ones at ambient conditions, while the rock-salt phase was found to be stable under pressures between 400 MPa and 11.3 GPa. Recently, the α phase was demonstrated to be stable under ambient conditions when the particle sizes were reduced to below 10 nm. However, no other phase has been reported to be stable for silver iodides under ambient conditions. Rock-salt and helix structures have been found to be stable under ambient conditions in this study. The structures have been characterized by elemental mapping, Raman scattering, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The stabilities of these structures were also confirmed by molecular dynamics and density functional theory.
Utrecht Pediatric Wheelchair Mobility Skills Test: Reliability, Validity, and Responsiveness in Youths Using a Manual Wheelchair
Authors: Sol Marleen E , de Groot Janke F , Zwinkels Maremka , Visser-Meily J M Anne , Kruitwagen Cas L J J , Verschuren Olaf 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
The assessment of wheelchair mobility skills (WMS) in youths using a manual wheelchair is important. More information is needed regarding the psychometric properties of the newly developed Utrecht Pediatric Wheelchair Mobility Skills Test (UP-WMST).

Objective
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability, content validity, construct validity, and responsiveness of the UP-WMST 2.0 in youths using a manual wheelchair.

Design
This was a repeated-measurements, cross-sectional study.

Methods
A total of 117 children and adolescents who use a manual wheelchair participated in this study. The UP-WMST 2.0 contains the same 15 WMS items as the original UP-WMST but has an adaptation of the scoring method. Test-retest reliability was estimated in 30 participants. Content validity was assessed through floor and ceiling effect analyses. Construct validity was assessed through hypothesis testing. Preliminary estimates of responsiveness were assessed in 23 participants who participated in a WMS training program.

Results
Test-retest reliability analysis showed weighted Cohen kappa coefficients ranging from 0.63 to 0.98 for all but 1 item. The total UP-WMST 2.0 score had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.97. No floor or ceiling effects were detected. Independent-sample t test analysis confirmed our hypotheses regarding direction and difference in scores between age and diagnostic groups. Within-group analysis in the responsiveness study showed a positive significant change in UP-WMST 2.0 score (8.3 points).

Limitations
The small sample size used in the responsiveness study was a limitation of this study.

Conclusions
This study provided evidence of the test-retest reliability, content, and construct validity of the UP-WMST 2.0. It also provided initial evidence of the responsiveness of the UP-WMST 2.0 for measuring change in WMS in youths using a manual wheelchair.
Autophagy mediates 2-methoxyestradiol-inhibited scleroderma collagen synthesis and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by hypoxia
Authors: Liu Chaofan , Zhou Xing , Lu Jinghao , Zhu Lubing , Li Ming 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate whether autophagy mediates 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME)-inhibited hypoxia-induced fibrosis and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (endoMT) in SSc.

Methods
Autophagy in the skin of SSc patients was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. SSc skin fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured under hypoxic (1% O2) conditions with 2-ME or autophagy inhibitor. Collagen I and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in fibroblasts and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, CD31, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in HUVECs were examined by western blotting. Autophagic markers were evaluated by confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence.

Results
SSc skins presented increased autolysosomes, LC3-II, collagen I and CTGF. Hypoxia-challenged fibroblasts and HUVECs formed more autophagosomes and autolysosomes, with increased LC3 and decreased P62. Meanwhile, hypoxia increased collagen I and CTGF in fibroblasts and increased vimentin and α-SMA but decreased VE-cadherin and CD31 in HUVECs. Bafilomycin A1 increased LC3-II and P62 in fibroblasts and HUVECs and decreased collagen I and CTGF in fibroblasts and vimentin and α-SMA in HUVECs, while upregulating VE-cadherin and CD31. 3-methyladenine decreased autophagy and fibrosis in fibroblasts and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition in HUVECs. 2-ME-treated HUVECs showed more autophagosomes and fewer autolysosomes while 2-ME-treated fibroblasts showed fewer of both. Moreover, 2-ME decreased LC3-II and increased P62 in fibroblasts and increased both in HUVECs. Inhibition of autophagy by 2-ME showed the same effect with bafilomycin A1 on fibroblast collagen synthesis as well as endothelial and mesenchymal markers in HUVECs.

Conclusion
Autophagy mediated hypoxia-induced fibroblast collagen synthesis and endoMT in SSc, which could be reversed by 2-ME.
Radiation dose is of limited clinical usefulness in persons with acute radiation syndrome
Authors: Port Matthias , Majewski Matthäus , Abend Michael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The relation of radiation exposure (dose) with acute radiation syndrome (ARS) depends on many factors. In this overview, we reconsider (1) radiation exposure characteristics (e.g. radiation quality, fractionation, dose rate, partial/total body irradiation) and (2) biological processes (e.g. radiosensitivity, cell cycle dependency, oxygenation) affecting acute health effects after exposure. Furthermore we include evidence from recently published work that examined the relationship of absorbed dose and risk of clinically relevant ARS in persons exposed after a radiation accident. We introduce the concept of radiation-related bioindicators for effect prediction. Bioindicators are considered here to be factors that integrate multiple radiation exposure characteristics and cell- and molecular-based processes to improve clinical prediction in persons with ARS.
DEVELOPMENT OF A PELTIER TYPE CLOUD CHAMBER WITH WIDE VIEW FIELD
Authors: Toda Takehiro , Hasan Md Mahamudul , Igarashi Yu , Katengeza Estiner W , Iimoto Takeshi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cloud chamber contributes to radiation education by facilitating observation of particle tracks formed by radiation. Peltier-based chamber achieves cooling without the need for dry ice,. we developed a cloud chamber based on peltier thermoelectric modules and has a multilayered heat insulation system to maintain a stable cool environment. It produces sharp particle tracks without requiring a dark room for observing the tracks. Its large top window (diameter of 12.5 cm) provides a relatively wider observation field capable of accommodating five to six students at a time.
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
Authors: Smith Tiffany N. , Walsh Anne , Forest Christopher P. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Cannabis has long been used for medical and recreational purposes because of its antiemetic, analgesic, and mood effects. Ironically, chronic use of cannabis can result in paradoxical effects, including a condition known as cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. Patients with this syndrome often are seen in the ED with cyclic vomiting, nausea, and epigastric pain. Although the definitive treatment of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome is discontinuing the causative agent, medical management that includes rehydration is important to prevent complications. Common antiemetic medications are ineffective, but some studies have shown haloperidol and lorazepam to be effective in treating acute symptoms.
Using the 150 rule to prevent hepatotoxicity from acetaminophen
Authors: Nicholas William A. , Moore Randy 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is the most common cause of acute liver failure in adults and a major cause of acute liver failure in children. Prompt treatment with N-acetylcysteine can mitigate hepatotoxicity and progression to liver failure. This article describes a 16-year-old girl who ingested a large dose of extra-strength acetaminophen, and how the 150 rule was used in her management.
Tranexamic Acid Use in Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Fractures of the Pelvis, Acetabulum, and Proximal Femur: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Spitler Clay A. , Row Elliot R. , Gardner Warren E. , Swafford Rachel E. , Hankins Michael J. , Nowotarski Peter J. , Kiner Dirk W. 
Published: April 2019

Objective:
To assess the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) use in fractures of the pelvic ring, acetabulum, and proximal femur.

Design:
Prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Setting:
Single Level 1 trauma center.

Patients:
Forty-seven patients were randomized to the study group, and 46 patients comprised the control group.

Intervention:
The study group received 15 mg/kg IV TXA before incision and a second identical dose 3 hours after the initial dose.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Transfusion rates and total blood loss (TBL) [via hemoglobin-dilution method and rates of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs)].

Results:
TBL was significantly higher in the control group (TXA = 952 mL, no TXA = 1325 mL, P = 0.028). The total transfusion rates between the TXA and control groups were not significantly different (TXA 1.51, no TXA = 1.17, P = 0.41). There were no significant differences between the TXA and control groups in inpatient VTE events (P = 0.57).

Conclusion:
The use of TXA in high-energy fractures of the pelvis, acetabulum, and femur significantly decreased calculated TBL but did not decrease overall transfusion rates. TXA did not increase the rate of VTE. Further study is warranted before making broad recommendations for the use of TXA in these fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Variability in Wound Care Recommendations Following Dermatologic Procedures
Authors: Nguyen Julie K. , Huang Alisen , Siegel Daniel M. , Jagdeo Jared 
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND
Dermatologists routinely perform office-based surgical procedures that result in cutaneous wounds. Wound care instructions are an important resource for postoperative patients. As there is no consensus on the ideal wound care regimen after dermatologic procedures, recommendations may vary.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the current recommendations for wound care following dermatologic procedures.

METHODS
The authors conducted a cross-sectional assessment of dermatology wound care handouts available online. The handouts were evaluated based on predefined parameters: topical agent recommendations for wound healing, caution against topical antibiotic use, and discussion of scarring, infection, bleeding, analgesia, and lifestyle considerations.

RESULTS
A total of 169 handouts were evaluated. The majority (84%) recommended the application of petrolatum-based products, specifically Vaseline (75%) and Aquaphor (43%). Nearly half (43%) recommended the use of topical antibiotics, whereas 24% advised patients to avoid antibiotic ointments. Handouts variably addressed scarring (36%), infection (72%), bleeding (69%), pain (66%), and lifestyle modifications (64%).

CONCLUSION
The instructions provided in dermatology patient handouts are highly variable, with various topical agents being recommended for wound healing. Topical antibiotics are not indicated for prophylaxis in clean dermatologic procedures but are still widely used. Greater efforts should be made to ensure that patients receive consistent and evidence-based wound care guidance.
A Systematic Review Examining the Exercise Parameters Required to Induce the Repeated Bout Effect: Implications for Acute Care Physical Therapists
Authors: VanWye William R. , Goldberg Melissa D. , Green Anna E. , Harrold Timothy J. , Dick Sonya C. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Acute care physical therapists regularly use therapeutic exercise to target body structures and functions as a supplement to or even replacing activity-based interventions. Interestingly, little is known regarding the mechanism of action explaining how exercise enables future activity and participation. One potential mechanism of action is the repeated bout effect (RBE), which is the phenomenon that a single bout of exercise provides protective adaptations for future exercise/physical activity.

Purpose:
To perform a systematic review examining the exercise parameters required to induce the RBE and explore how the results apply to acute care physical therapists.

Data Sources:
Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, MasterFILE Premier, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus.

Study Selection:
The search included articles appearing before January 1, 2017. The following were the inclusion criteria: human subjects, randomized controlled trial design, published in English, treatment and control group engaged in exercise, lower extremity exercise intervention, and pre- and postintervention creatine kinase blood marker measurement.

Data Extraction and Quality Assessment:
Three reviewers extracted data and then assessed the methodological quality of the included articles.

Results:
Of the 1780 potential studies, seven were included. The RBE can be induced with exercise that includes an eccentric component, as well as with maximal voluntary isometric contractions at elongated muscle lengths. Concentric-only exercise does not induce the RBE and could instead blunt it. Stretching does not induce the RBE; however, it does not blunt it.

Conclusion:
The RBE enhances a person's tolerance for future exercise/physical activity. Consequently, the use of exercise to induce the RBE would be advantageous during initial and subsequent acute care physical therapist interventions. Future research is needed to specifically address the precise dose needed to induce the RBE in middle-aged and older adults, those with acute and chronic diseases, and women of all ages.
A Long-Term, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Brexpiprazole as Adjunctive Therapy in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Hobart Mary , Zhang Peter , Skuban Aleksandar , Brewer Claudette , Hefting Nanco , Sanchez Raymond , McQuade Robert D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Long-term treatment is recommended in major depressive disorder (MDD) to prevent relapse and to restore functioning. The aim of this study (Orion; NCT01360866) was to assess the long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of open-label treatment with adjunctive brexpiprazole in adult patients with MDD.

Methods
Patients rolled over into this 52-week study (amended to 26 weeks) from 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies. Patients received brexpiprazole 0.5 to 3 mg/d (flexible dose) adjunct to their current antidepressant treatment. The primary outcome variable was the frequency and severity of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Efficacy was assessed as a secondary objective using clinical rating scales.

Results
A total of 2944 patients were enrolled (1547 for 52 weeks, 1397 for 26 weeks), of whom 1895 (64.4%) completed the study. The TEAEs with incidence of 5% or greater were weight increase (17.7%), somnolence (8.0%), headache (7.2%), akathisia (6.7%), increased appetite (6.3%), insomnia (6.3%), fatigue (6.1%), viral upper respiratory tract infection (5.4%), and anxiety (5.2%). Most TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity. The mean increase in body weight was 2.7 kg to week 26 and 3.2 kg to week 52; 25.8% of patients had a weight increase of 7% or greater at any postbaseline visit. There were no clinically relevant findings related to extrapyramidal symptoms, prolactin, lipids, or glucose. Patients’ symptoms and functioning showed continual improvement.

Conclusions
Adjunctive treatment with open-label brexpiprazole 0.5 to 3 mg/d was generally well tolerated for up to 52 weeks in patients with MDD and was associated with continued improvement in efficacy measures and functional outcomes.