bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does increased atmospheric resolution improve seasonal climate predictions?
Authors: Scaife Adam A. , Camp Joanne , Comer Ruth , Davis Philip , Dunstone Nick , Gordon Margaret , MacLachlan Craig , Martin Nicola , Nie Yu , Ren Hong‐Li , Roberts Malcolm , Robinson Walter , Smith Doug , Vidale Pier Luigi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe assess the impact of atmospheric horizontal resolution on the prediction skill and fidelity of seasonal forecasts. We show the response to an increase of atmospheric resolution from 0.8 to 0.3° horizontal grid spacing in parallel ensembles of forecasts. Changes in the prediction skill of major modes of tropical El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and extratropical North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) variability are small and not detected and there is no discernible impact on the weak signal‐to‐noise ratio in seasonal predictions of the winter NAO at this range of resolutions. Although studies have shown improvements in the simulation of tropical cyclones as model resolution is increased, we find little impact on seasonal prediction skill of either their numbers or intensity. Over this range of resolutions it appears that the benefit of increasing atmospheric resolution to seasonal climate predictions is minimal. However, at yet finer scales there appears to be increased eddy feedback which could strengthen weak signals in predictions of the NAO. Until prediction systems can be run operationally at these scales, it may be better to use additional computing resources for other enhancements such as increased ensemble size, for which there is a clear benefit in extratropical seasonal prediction skill.
Brain activity associated with Dual‐task performance of Ankle motor control during cognitive challenge
Authors: Peters Sue , Eng Janice J. , Liu‐Ambrose Teresa , Borich Michael R. , Dao Elizabeth , Amanian Ameen , Boyd Lara A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionSkilled Ankle motor control is frequently required while performing secondary cognitively demanding tasks such as socializing and avoiding obstacles while walking, termed “Dual tasking.” It is likely that Dual‐task performance increases demand on the brain, as both motor and cognitive systems require neural resources. The purpose of this study was to use functional MRI to understand which brain regions are involved in resolving Dual‐task interference created by requiring high levels of Ankle motor control during a cognitive task.MethodsUsing functional MRI, brain activity was measured in sixteen young adults during performance of visually cued Ankle plantar flexion to a target (Ankle task), a cognitive task (Flanker task), and both tasks simultaneously (Dual task).ResultsDual‐task performance did not impact the Ankle task (p = 0.78), but did affect behavior on the Flanker task. Response times for both the congruent and incongruent conditions during the Flanker task were significantly longer (p < 0.001, p = 0.050, respectively), and accuracy for the congruent condition decreased during Dual tasking (p < 0.001). Activity in 3 brain regions was associated with Dual‐task Flanker performance. Percent signal change from baseline in Brodmann area (BA) 5, BA6, and the left caudate correlated with performance on the Flanker task during the Dual‐task condition (R2 = 0.261, p = 0.04; R2 = −0.258, p = 0.04; R2 = 0.303, p = 0.03, respectively).ConclusionsPerformance of Ankle motor control may be prioritized over a cognitive task during Dual‐task performance. Our work advances Dual‐task research by elucidating patterns of whole brain activity for Dual tasks that require Ankle motor control during a cognitive task.
Right‐sided diverticulitis
Authors: Zimmer Vincent 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRight‐sided diverticulitis is uncommon in Western populations with few to zero reports on endoscopic correlations. Although ultrasound or imaging studies typically detect advanced forms to be differentiated from acute appendicitis and/or Crohn’s disease, in more subtle presentations with an indication of urgent ileocolonoscopy, endoscopy may reliably establish an unequivocal diagnosis.
Bis(merocyanine) Homo‐Folda‐Dimers: Evaluation of Electronic and Spectral Changes in Well‐Defined Dye Aggregate Geometries
Authors: Kirchner Eva , Bialas David , Wehner Marius , Schmidt David , Würthner Frank 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of three bis(merocyanine) dyes comprising chromophores of different conjugation lengths has been synthesized and the intramolecular aggregation process was investigated by UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. The spectral changes observed upon variation of the solvent polarity reveal a folding process resulting in a cofacial π‐stack of two chromophores with a decrease of the aggregation tendency with increasing chromophore length and solvent polarity. Solvent‐dependent UV/Vis studies of the monomeric reference dyes show a significant increase of the polyene‐like character for dyes with longer polymethine chains in nonpolar solvents, which is reversed upon aggregation due to the polarizability effect of the adjacent chromophore within the dye stack. The pronounced hypsochromic shift of the absorption band observed upon aggregation indicates strong coupling of the dyes’ transition dipole moments, which was confirmed by quantum‐chemical analysis.
Bis(merocyanine) Hetero‐Folda‐Dimers: Evaluation of Exciton Coupling between Different Types of π‐Stacked Chromphores
Authors: Kirchner Eva , Bialas David , Würthner Frank 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExciton coupling between different types of chromophores has been rarely investigated. Herein, a systematic study on the exciton coupling between merocyanine chromophores of different conjugation length with varying excited state energies is presented. In this work well‐defined hetero‐dimer stacks were obtained upon folding of bis(merocyanine) dyes in nonpolar solvents. They show distinctly different absorption properties in comparison with the spectra of the single chromophores, revealing a significant coupling between the different chromophores. The simulated absorption spectra obtained from time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations are in good agreement with the experimental spectra. Our theoretical analysis based on an extension of Kasha's exciton theory discloses strong coupling between the dyes’ transition dipole moments despite of an excited‐state energy difference of 0.60 eV between the chromophores.
Structure Elucidation of Helical Aromatic Foldamer–Protein Complexes with Large Contact Surface Areas
Authors: Reddy Post Sai , Langlois d'Estaintot Béatrice , Granier Thierry , Mackereth Cameron D. , Fischer Lucile , Huc Ivan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe development of large synthetic ligands could be useful to target the sizeable surface areas involved in protein–protein interactions. Herein, we present long helical aromatic oligoamide foldamers bearing proteinogenic side chains that cover up to 450 Å2 of the human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA) surface. The foldamers are composed of aminoquinolinecarboxylic acids bearing proteinogenic side chains and of more flexible aminomethyl‐pyridinecarboxylic acids that enhance helix handedness dynamics. Crystal structures of HCA‐foldamer complexes were obtained with a 9‐ and a 14‐mer both showing extensive protein–foldamer hydrophobic contacts. In addition, foldamer–foldamer interactions seem to be prevalent in the crystal packing, leading to the peculiar formation of an HCA superhelix wound around a rod of stacked foldamers. Solution studies confirm the positioning of the foldamer at the protein surface as well as a dimerization of the complexes.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Goniothalamin Analogues with Higher Cytotoxic Activity and Selectivity against Cancer Cells
Authors: Meirelles Matheus A. , Braga Carolyne B. , Ornelas Catia , Pilli Ronaldo A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTwo series of racemic goniothalamin analogues displaying nitrogen‐containing groups were designed and synthesized. A total of 19 novel analogues were evaluated against a panel of four different cancer cell lines, along with the normal prostate cell line PNT2 to determine their selectivity. Among them, goniothalamin chloroacrylamide 13 e displayed the lowest IC50 values for both MCF‐7 (0.5 μm) and PC3 (0.3 μm) cells, about 26‐fold more potent than goniothalamin (1). Besides its higher potency, compound 13 e also displayed much higher selectivity than goniothalamin. In contrast, goniothalamin isobutyramide 13 c was the most potent analogue against Caco‐2 cells (IC50=0.8 μm), about 10‐fold more potent and 17‐fold more selective than 1. These results reveal the potential of compounds 13 c and 13 e for further in vivo studies, representing the first goniothalamin analogues with IC50 values in the low micromolar range and high selectivity against MCF‐7, Caco‐2, and PC3 cancer cell lines.
A New Small‐Molecule Donor Containing Non‐Fused Ring π‐Bridge Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells with High Open Circuit Voltage and Low Acceptor Content
Authors: Wang Kun , Guo Xia , Ye Chennan , Wang Yulong , Meng Yuan , Li Xiaojie , Zhang Maojie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo achieve high open‐circuit voltage (Voc) and low acceptor content, the molecular design of a small‐molecule donor with low energy loss (Eloss) is very important for solution‐processable organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we designed and synthesized a new coplanar A−D−A structured organic small‐molecule semiconductor with non‐fused ring structure π‐bridge, namely B2TPR, and applied it as donor material in OSCs. Owing to the strong electron‐withdrawing effect of the end group and the coplanar π‐bridge, B2TPR exhibits a low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital and strong crystallinity. Furthermore, benefiting from the coplanar molecular skeleton, the high hole mobility, balanced charge transport and reduced recombination were achieved, leading to a high fill factor (FF). The OSCs based on B2TPR : PC71BM blend film (w/w=1 : 0.35) demonstrates a moderate power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.10 % with a remarkable Voc of 0.98 V and FF of 64 %, corresponding to a low fullerene content of 25.9 % and a low Eloss of 0.70 eV. These results demonstrate the great potential of small‐molecule with structure of B2TPR for future low‐cost organic photovoltaic applications.
Hydroponic‐based smart irrigation system using Internet of Things
Authors: Lakshmiprabha Kakkanallur Ethirajan , Govindaraju Chinnathambi 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAgriculture is a science that deals with the cultivating the soil, growing crops, and raising livestock. In India, the agricultural sector contributes GDP of around 16% and 10% of export earnings. Due to the advancement in smart technologies, the different types of irrigation techniques such as hydroponics and aeroponics are utilized for higher crop yields in a small area. In this work, the smart irrigation system using Internet of Things (IoT) is proposed for hydroponic system. Further, the experimental prototype is developed, and real‐time physical data such as temperature, humidity, and water flow are monitored, controlled, and logged with the help of ThingSpeak IoT platform. Results demonstrate that the proposed system is capable of monitoring and controlling the hydroponic environment and can be able to yield higher crop production.
Sympatric speciation in the Simulium arcticum s. l. complex (Diptera: Simuliidae): The Rothfels model updated
Authors: Shields Gerald F. , Procunier William S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe tested the Rothfels sympatric speciation model for black flies by comparing all available data for sex‐chromosome diversity with the geographic locations of larval collection sites within the Simulium arcticum complex of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Five separate data sets equaling about 20,000 larvae were included from throughout the geographic range of this complex. We record a total of 31 taxa having unique sex chromosomes, all of which demonstrate linkage disequilibrium with most taxa sharing autosomal polymorphisms. All siblings share portions of their distributions with S. negativum, the presumed oldest member of the complex. Twenty‐one of 22 cytotypes have distributions within the ranges of siblings thus supporting the sympatric speciation model of Rothfels. Chromosomally diverse sites may require analysis of as many as 200 larvae to be properly described. There is no effect of any inversions influencing the occurrence of other inversions. Finally, we report a new cytotype, Simulium arcticum IIL‐6, which we originally discovered in Alaska. Aspects of future genomic research are discussed as they relate to the main chromosomal structural/functional tenants of the model.OPEN RESEARCH BADGE

This article has earned an Open Data Badge for making publicly available the digitally‐shareable data necessary to reproduce the reported results. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7719398
Measuring avian specialization
Authors: Morelli Federico , Benedetti Yanina , Møller Anders Pape , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMeasuring the extent to which a species is specialized is a major challenge in ecology, with important repercussions for fundamental research as well as for applied ecology and conservation. Here, we develop a multidimensional index of specialization based on five sets of ecological characteristics of breeding bird species. We used two recent databases of species traits of European birds based on foraging ecology, habitat, and breeding characteristics. The indices of specialization were calculated by applying the Gini coefficient, an index of inequality. The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion on a scale between 0 and 1, reflecting a gradient from low to high specialization, respectively. Finally, we tested the strength of the phylogenetic signal of each specialization index to understand how the variance of such indices is shared throughout the phylogeny. The methods for constructing and evaluating a multidimensional index of bird specialization could also be applied to other taxa and regions, offering a simple but useful tool, particularly suited for global or biogeographic studies, as a contribution to comparative estimates of the degree of specialization of species.
Vegetation ring formation by water overland flow in water‐limited environments: Field measurements and mathematical modelling
Authors: Yizhaq Hezi , Stavi Ilan , Swet Nitzan , Zaady Eli , Katra Itzhak 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVegetation rings are a unique vegetation pattern found in drylands. Most examples are found in clonal plants growing in sandy soils with confined root zones. Using field measurements and numerical simulations, we found that water overland flow is a predominant mechanism that drives ring formation in the clonal speciesAsphodelus ramosus. In these rings, an infiltration contrast develops due to aeolian feedback between vegetation and wind‐induced particle transport. Fine particles settle at the patch's centre, reducing water infiltrability compared with that of its perimeter. In turn, this encourages the development of biological soil crust in the ring's centre, further decreasing water infiltration in this micro‐environment. These processes cause the development of surface run‐off source–sink relations between the ring's centre and perimeter. The outcome of this process is the formation of three different micro‐environments: the centre of the patch, characterized by low soil‐water content; its perimeter, characterized by higher soil‐water content; and the matrix, also characterized by higher soil‐water content. Competition for the water resource between the ramets at the perimeter and the ones at the centre leads to dieback, resulting in ring formation. Measurements of soil‐water content in rings ofA. ramosusin the semiarid Negev of Israel throughout 5 years showed that the soil‐water content in the ring's centre is lower than that at its perimeter and matrix. These results are in accord with numerical simulations of a mathematical model for plant species with confined roots grown under highly seasonal rainfalls in water‐limited environments.
Targeting Treg cells in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Tanaka Atsushi , Sakaguchi Shimon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFoxp3‐expressing regulatory T (Treg) cells, which are indispensable for preventing autoimmunity, also suppress effective tumor immunity. Treg cells abundantly infiltrate into tumor tissues, which is often associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Removal of Treg cells enhances anti‐tumor immune responses but may also elicit autoimmunity. A key issue in devising Treg‐targeting cancer immunotherapy is, therefore, how to specifically deplete Treg cells infiltrating into tumor tissues without affecting tumor‐reactive effector T cells, while suppressing autoimmunity. This can be achieved by differentially controlling Treg and effector T cells by various ways. In this review, we discuss how tumor‐infiltrating Foxp3+ Treg cells hamper effective anti‐tumor immune responses especially in tumor tissues and how they can be specifically targeted for augmenting tumor immunity but not autoimmunity.
Electrospun Mesoporous Poly(Styrene‐Block‐Methyl‐ Methacrylate) Nanofibers as Biosensing Platform: Effect of Fibers Porosity on Sensitivity
Authors: Nathani Akash , Sharma Chandra S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe present work demonstrates the use of mesoporous nanofibers for the enhanced analytical performance of electrochemical biosensor. By exploiting the phase separation property of the block copolymers, a simple three‐step process was used to generate the porosity in the nanofibers. Here we present the effect of the porosity on the sensing ability of the electrospun PS‐b‐PMMA nanofibers. The functional groups present on the nanofiber surface were characterized using DPV. The nanofibers modified electrode showed a large decrease in the oxidation current with the increase in the pH from 4.2 to 6.8 for the anionic redox couple whereas the change in the current is negligible for a neutral redox couple, this suggested the presence of ‐COOH groups. A one‐step process was used for the immobilization of biotin. There were about 35.5 % and 66.6 % decrease in the redox current for the as‐spun and porous nanofibers after functionalization respectively which indicate the presence of a high amount of active sites in the porous nanofibers. Finally, the sensor response was studied using streptavidin (1μg/ml–1fg/ml) as a model analyte. CV studies showed a 2.7‐fold increase whereas DPV showed a 6‐fold increase in the sensitivity for the porous nanofibers as compared to the as‐spun nanofibers.
Effect of Different Carbon Blacks on the Simultaneous Electroanalysis of Drugs as Water Contaminants Based on Screen‐printed Sensors
Authors: Deroco Patricia Batista , Fatibello‐Filho Orlando , Arduini Fabiana , Moscone Danila 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor the construction of the sensor, three different carbon black (CB) materials (VULCAN XC72R, BLACK PEARLS 4750 and CB N220) were explored as modifying nanomaterial. Firstly, the electrochemical activity of the each SPE modified was compared by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique, using [Fe(CN)6]3−/4− as redox couple. After demonstrating that electrodes modified with different types of CB were characterized by improved electrochemical performances when compared with bare electrodes, and among them, electrodes modified with CB BP4750 is characterised by slightly better electrochemical properties, this type of electrode was used for the development of the analytical method. By applying SWV technique in 0.2 mol L−1 phosphate buffer (pH 3.0), the obtained analytical curves for ACP and LVF were found linearly from 4.0 to 80.0 μmol L−1 and from 0.90 to 70.0 μmol L−1 with limit of detection of 2.6 μmol L−1 and 0.42 μmol L−1 for ACP and LVF, respectively. Finally, the quantification of these drugs in river water was evaluated using the new here‐proposed sensor by recovery method in spiked samples, obtaining satisfactory recovery values. The results achieved demonstrated that the developed analytical tool is of great analytical interest being easy to use, cost‐effective, miniaturized, and thus suitable for low cost on site analysis.
Synthesis of Tri‐functional Core‐shell CuO@carbon Quantum Dots@carbon Hollow Nanospheres Heterostructure for Non‐enzymatic H2O2 Sensing and Overall Water Splitting Applications
Authors: Kumar J. Sharath , Bolar Saikat , Murmu Naresh Chandra , Ganesh R. Sankar , Inokawa Hiroshi , Banerjee Amit , Kuila Tapas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA core‐shell structure with CuO core and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and carbon hollow nanospheres (CHNS) shell was prepared through facile in‐situ hydrothermal process. The composite was used for non‐enzymatic hydrogen peroxide sensing and electrochemical overall water splitting. The core‐shell structure was established from the transmission electron microscopy image analysis. Raman and UV‐Vis spectroscopy analysis confirmed the interaction between CuO and CQDs. The electrochemical studies showed the limit of detection and sensitivity of the prepared composite as 2.4 nM and 56.72 μA μM−1 cm−2, respectively. The core‐shell structure facilitated better charge transportation which in turn exhibited elevated electro‐catalysis towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall water splitting. The overpotential of 159 mV was required to achieve 10 mA cm−2 current density for HER and an overpotential of 322 mV was required to achieve 10 mA cm−2 current density for OER in 1.0 M KOH. A two‐electrode system was constructed for overall water splitting reaction, which showed 10 and 50 mA cm−2 current density at 1.83 and 1.96 V, respectively. The prepared CuO@CQDs@CHNS catalyst demonstrated excellent robustness in HER and OER catalyzing condition along with overall water splitting reaction. Therefore, the CuO@CQDs@CHNS could be considered as promising electro‐catalyst for H2O2 sensing, HER, OER and overall water splitting.
First Order Derivative Voltammetry on the in situ Surfactant Modified Electrode for Naringin Quantification
Authors: Ziyatdinova Guzel , Yakupova Elvira , Ziganshina Endzhe , Budnikov Herman 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCarboxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes based glassy carbon electrodes (MWNT‐COOH/GCE) modified in situ with surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) and Triton X100) have been tested for the naringin determination. The effect of surfactant nature and concentration on the voltammetric characteristics of naringin has been evaluated. Anionic 100 μM SDS shows the highest 2.7‐fold increase of the oxidation currents in comparison to MWNT‐COOH/GCE. The irreversible electrooxidation of naringin is surface‐controlled process with the one electron and one proton transfer. Under conditions of first order derivative linear sweep voltammetry in Britton‐Robinson buffer (BRB) pH 8.0, the analytical ranges of 0.75–25 and 25–100 μM with the LOD and LOQ of 0.14 and 0.46 μM, respectively, have been obtained. The electrode response is selective in the presence of ascorbic, gallic and p‐coumaric acids as well as quercetin, catechin and rutin. The method has been applied for the naringin quantification in grapefruit juices.