bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which behaviour change techniques are most effective in improving healthcare utilisation in COPD self-management programmes? A protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Smalley Katelyn Rene , Aufegger Lisa , Flott Kelsey , Holt Gracie , Mayer Erik K , Darzi Ara 
Published: April 2019

IntroductionSelf-management interventions are often presented as a way to improve the quality of care for patients with chronic illness. However, self-management is quite broadly defined and it remains unclear which types of interventions are most successful. This review will use the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) as a lens through which to categorise self-management interventions regarding which programmes are most likely to be effective and under which circumstances.The aim of this study is to (1) describe the types of self-management programmes that have been developed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and identify the common elements between these to better classify self-management, and (2) evaluate the effect that self-management programmes have on the healthcare behaviour of patients with COPD by classifying those programmes by the behaviour change techniques used.Methods and analysisA systematic search of the literature will be performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, HMIC and PsycINFO. This review will be limited to randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies. The review will follow PRISMA-P guidelines, and will provide a PRISMA checklist and flowchart. Risk of bias in individual studies will be assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias criteria, and the quality of included studies will be evaluated using the GRADE criteria, and will be reported in a Summary of Findings table.The primary analysis will be a catalogue of the interventions based on the components of the TDF that were used in the intervention. A matrix comparing included behaviour change techniques to improvements in utilisation will summarise the primary outcomes.Ethics and disseminationNot applicable, as this is a secondary review of the literature.Prospero registration numberCRD42018104753.
Coagulopathy implications using a multiscale model of traumatic bleeding matching macro- and microcirculation
Authors: Tsiklidis Evan J. , Sinno Talid , Diamond Scott L. 
Published: April 2019

Quantifying the relationship between vascular injury and the dynamic bleeding rate requires a multiscale model that accounts for changing and coupled hemodynamics between the global and microvascular levels. A lumped, global hemodynamic model of the human cardiovascular system with baroreflex control was coupled to a local 24-level bifurcating vascular network that spanned diameters from the muscular artery scale (0.1–1.3 mm) to capillaries (5–10 μm) via conservation of momentum and conservation of mass boundary conditions. For defined injuries of severing all vessels at each nth-level, the changing pressures and flowrates were calculated using prescribed shear-dependent hemostatic clot growth rates (normal or coagulopathic). Key results were as follows: 1) the upstream vascular network rapidly depressurizes to reduce blood loss; 2) wall shear rates at the hemorrhaging wound exit are sufficiently high (~10,000 s−1) to drive von Willebrand factor unfolding; 3) full coagulopathy results in >2-liter blood loss in 2 h for severing all vessels of 0.13- to 0.005-mm diameter within the bifurcating network, whereas full hemostasis limits blood loss to <100 ml within 2 min; and 4) hemodilution from transcapillary refill increases blood loss and could be implicated in trauma-induced coagulopathy. A sensitivity analysis on length-to-diameter ratio and branching exponent demonstrated that bleeding was strongly dependent on these tissue-dependent network parameters. This is the first bleeding model that prescribes the geometry of the injury to calculate the rate of pressure-driven blood loss and local wall shear rate in the presence or absence of coagulopathic blood. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We developed a multiscale model that couples a lumped, global hemodynamic model of a patient to resolved, single-vessel wounds ranging from the small artery to capillary scale. The model is able to quantify wall shear rates, seal rates, and blood loss rates in the presence and absence of baroreflex control and hemodilution.
Profiling the Mutational Landscape in Known Driver Genes and Novel Genes in African American Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Lusk Christine M. , Watza Donovan , Dyson Greg , Craig Douglas , Ratliff Valerie , Wenzlaff Angela S. , Lonardo Fulvio , Bollig-Fischer Aliccia , Bepler Gerold , Purrington Kristen , Gadgeel Shirish , Schwartz Ann G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Identifying novel driver genes and mutations in African American non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases can inform targeted therapy and improve outcomes for this traditionally underrepresented population.

Experimental Design:
Tumor DNA, RNA, and germline DNA were collected from African American NSCLC patients who participated in research conducted at the Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI) in Detroit, Michigan. Known mutations were ascertained through the Sequenom LungCarta panel of 214 mutations in 26 genes, RET/ROS1 fusions, amplification of FGFR1, and expression of ALK. Paired tumor and normal DNA was whole-exome sequenced for a subset of cases without known driver mutations.

Results:
Of the 193 tumors tested, 77 known driver mutations were identified in 66 patients (34.2%). Sixty-seven of the 127 patients without a known driver mutation were sequenced. In 54 of these patients, 50 nonsynonymous mutations were predicted to have damaging effects among the 26 panel genes, 47 of which are not found in The Cancer Genome Atlas NSCLC white or African American samples. Analyzing the whole-exome sequence data using MutSig2CV identified a total of 88 genes significantly mutated at FDR q &lt; 0.1. Only 5 of these genes were previously reported as oncogenic.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that broader mutation profiling including both known and novel driver genes in African Americans with NSCLC will identify additional mutations that may be useful in treatment decision-making.
Proteomics-Derived Biomarker Panel Improves Diagnostic Precision to Classify Endometrioid and High-grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Dieters-Castator Dylan Z. , Rambau Peter F. , Kelemen Linda E. , Siegers Gabrielle M. , Lajoie Gilles A. , Postovit Lynne-Marie , Köbel Martin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Ovarian carcinomas are a group of distinct diseases classified by histotypes. As histotype-specific treatment evolves, accurate classification will become critical for optimal precision medicine approaches.

Experimental Design:
To uncover differences between the two most common histotypes, high-grade serous (HGSC) and endometrioid carcinoma, we performed label-free quantitative proteomics on freshly frozen tumor tissues (HGSC, n = 10; endometrioid carcinoma, n = 10). Eight candidate protein biomarkers specific to endometrioid carcinoma were validated by IHC using tissue microarrays representing 361 cases of either endometrioid carcinoma or HGSC.

Results:
More than 500 proteins were differentially expressed (P &lt; 0.05) between endometrioid carcinoma and HGSC tumor proteomes. A ranked set of 106 proteins was sufficient to correctly discriminate 90% of samples. IHC validated KIAA1324 as the most discriminatory novel biomarker for endometrioid carcinoma. An 8-marker panel was found to exhibit superior performance for discriminating endometrioid carcinoma from HGSC compared with the current standard of WT1 plus TP53 alone, improving the classification rate for HGSC from 90.7% to 99.2%. Endometrioid carcinoma–specific diagnostic markers such as PLCB1, KIAA1324, and SCGB2A1 were also significantly associated with favorable prognosis within endometrioid carcinoma suggesting biological heterogeneity within this histotype. Pathway analysis of proteomic data revealed differences between endometrioid carcinoma and HGSC pertaining to estrogen and interferon signalling.

Conclusions:
In summary, these findings support the use of multi-marker panels for the differential diagnosis of difficult cases resembling endometrioid carcinoma and HGSC.
Antibody–Drug Conjugates: Future Directions in Clinical and Translational Strategies to Improve the Therapeutic Index
Authors: Coats Steven , Williams Marna , Kebble Benjamin , Dixit Rakesh , Tseng Leo , Yao Nai-Shun , Tice David A. , Soria Jean-Charles 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Since the first approval of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg; Pfizer; CD33 targeted), two additional antibody–drug conjugates (ADC), brentuximab vedotin (Adcetris; Seattle Genetics, Inc.; CD30 targeted) and inotuzumab ozogamicin (Besponsa; Pfizer; CD22 targeted), have been approved for hematologic cancers and 1 ADC, trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla; Genentech; HER2 targeted), has been approved to treat breast cancer. Despite a clear clinical benefit being demonstrated for all 4 approved ADCs, the toxicity profiles are comparable with those of standard-of-care chemotherapeutics, with dose-limiting toxicities associated with the mechanism of activity of the cytotoxic warhead. However, the enthusiasm to develop ADCs has not been dampened; approximately 80 ADCs are in clinical development in nearly 600 clinical trials, and 2 to 3 novel ADCs are likely to be approved within the next few years. While the promise of a more targeted chemotherapy with less toxicity has not yet been realized with ADCs, improvements in technology combined with a wealth of clinical data are helping to shape the future development of ADCs. In this review, we discuss the clinical and translational strategies associated with improving the therapeutic index for ADCs.
Augmented Adsorptive Blood Purification during Continuous Veno-Venous Haemodiafiltration in a Severe Septic, Acute Kidney Injury Patient: Use of oXiris®: A Single Centre Case Report
Authors: Tan Han Khim , Kaushik Manish , Tan Chee Wooi , Liew Zhong Hong , Teo Su Hooi , Loo Chian Min , Ng Li Choo , Choong Lina Hui Lin , Foo Marjorie Wai Yin 
Published: April 2019

The use of the oXiris® haemofilter during continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) for acute kidney injury (AKI) and severe sepsis is not completely understood. Although this filter has in vitro adsorptive properties for blood-borne cytokines and other humoural mediators of sepsis, its clinical usefulness is uncertain. Given its inherent adsorptive limitation for septic mediators, we developed a CVVHDF protocol in which the oXiris haemofilter was electively changed every 12 h even though there was no clotting or adverse circuit pressures. Augmented filter membrane adsorption was conducted for 3 consecutive days. We treated a critically ill patient with severe sepsis secondary to a gram-negative bacterial infection and sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA- AKI) in this way. The patient required high-dose vasopressor support, required mechanical ventilation, had received 12 h of CVVHDF with conventional M100 haemofilter, was on broad spectrum antibiotics and other conventional intensive care unit (ICU) care, prior to institution of the frequent oXiris haemofilter change protocol. Following the start of elective 12 hourly oXiris filter change, the patient showed reduction in the need for vasopressor and by Day 4 of this SA- AKI frequent filter change protocol, vasopressor requirement ceased, he was extubated. He survived ICU and but not hospital stay. To this end, more clinical studies are needed.
Віддалені ускладнення реваскуляризації у пацієнтів із поєднаним атеросклеротичним ураженням екстракраніальних артерій та аорто/клубово-стегно-підколінного артеріального русла
Authors: Venher I. S. , Husak M. O. , Kostiv S. Ya. , Herasymiuk N. I. , Yemiasheva S. A. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: встановити види та частоту віддалених післяопераційних ускладнень, розвиток яких можна було б попередити, застосувавши способи та методи оперативного втручання у складі реконструкції аорто/клубово-стегно-підколінного артеріального русла.
Матеріали і методи. Прослідковано віддалені результати хірургічного лікування 491 пацієнта протягом 2006 – 2017 рр. Хірургічне втручання виконано 341 (69,4 %) пацієнту із атеросклеротичною оклюзією аорто-стегнової зони, з яких у 248 хворих мало місце порушення кровотоку по стегно-підколінному сегменті. Проведено операційне лікування у 150 (30,6 %) пацієнтів з приводу оклюзивно-стенотичного ураження клубово-стегнового сегмента, з яких у 94 мало місце порушення кровотоку по стегно-підколінному артеріальному руслі. У 92 (18,7 %) пацієнтів діагностовано гемодинамічно значимий стеноз екстракраніальних артерій, з них у 75 хворим було проведено операційне втручання на судинах шиї в умовах хірургічного лікування атеросклеротичного ураження аорто/клубово-стегно-підколінного артеріального русла.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Після 491 реконструктивного операційного втручання на аорто/клубово-стегно-підколінному артеріальному руслі у віддаленому післяопераційному періоді діагностовано 139 (28,3 %) пізніх ускладнень. Серед них у 42 (30,9 %) пацієнтів розвинувся пізній тромбоз бранші аорто/клубово-біфеморального алопротеза та пізній тромбоз клубово-стегнового сегмента контрлатеральної нижньої кінцівки, у 11 (7,9 %) пацієнтів діагностовано несправжні аневризми дистального та проксимального анастомозів аорто/клубово-біфеморального алошунта, у 78 (56,1 %) встановлено наростання хронічної ішемії нижніх кінцівок (ХАН ІІІА-Б ст. за класифікацією Fontaine R. з врахуванням критеріїв Європейської робочої групи (1992)), у 8 (5,8 %) – пізні інфекційні ускладнення у вигляді нориці ділянки дистального анастомозу.
Розвиток таких пізніх ускладнень, як тромбоз клубово-стегнового сегмента (6 спостережень) контрлатеральної нижньої кінцівки; пізній тромбоз однієї з бранш аорто-біфеморального алошунта (5 спостережень) в результаті блокування оклюзивним процесом анастомозів ПАС і ГАС із низхідною артерією коліна, підколінною артерією та гомілковими артеріями; несправжня аневризма проксимального анастомозу (2 спостереження) аорто-біфеморального алошунта як результат формування анастомозу в межах обмеженого кровопостачання країв серединного аортотомічного розрізу, чому можна запобігти застосувавши способи та методи операційного втручання у складі аорто/клубово-біфеморального алошунтування.
За наявності гемодинамічно значимого атеросклеротичного стенозу екстракраніальних артерій у пацієнтів із атеросклеротичною оклюзією аорто/клубово-стегно-підколінного артеріального русла необхідно провести операційне втручання на судинах шиї до або одночасно із хірургічним втручанням на аорто/клубово-стегно-підколінній зоні.
Хірургічне лікування верхніх низхідних гнійних медіастинітів
Authors: Snizhko S. S. 
Published: April 2019

Мета роботи: покращити результати лікування хворих на низхідний гнійний медіастиніт шляхом удосконалення хірургічних доступів до середостіння, методів місцевого хірургічного лікування.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено обстеження та лікування 170 хворих із низькими флегмонами шиї (ФШ), які перебували знаходилися на лікуванні у відділені торакальної хірургії Івано-Франківської обласної клінічної лікарні з 2000 до 2018 р. Серед хворих у 53 (31,2%) ФШ ускладнилася розвитком НГМ. Серед 53 хворих чоловіків було 34 (64,2 %), жінок − 19 (35,8 %), віком від 21 до 72 років, у середньому вік хворих становив (41,3 ± 3,9) року.
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Хірургічне лікування НГМ передбачає усунення первинного джерела захворювання, вибір операційного доступу до середостіння, розкриття всіх гнійних ділянок та їх санацію, забезпечення постійного видалення гнійних мас із клітковини середостіння. Для попередження поширення ФШ у клітковину середостіння ми застосовували оригінальну методику інтрамедіастинального введення антибактеріальних середників (ІМВА). При застосуванні ІМВА нам вдалося знизити частоту розвитку НГМ із 50,7 до 9,1 % випадків. У 10 (20,8 %) хворих ми провели додаткове розкриття медіастинальної плеври верхнього середостіння за допомогою відеоасистованої торакоскопії (ВАТС). Використання ВАТС в хірургічному лікуванні НГМ дозволяє провести повноцінний огляд медіастинальної плеври та середостіння, дозволяє ефективно розкрити та санувати всі уражені ділянки середостіння та провести їх адекватне дренування. При застосування хірургічніх втручань на випередження поширення гнійного процесу у середостінні нам вдалося знизити кількість повторних оперативних втручань із 45,3 до 3,7 %.
Hospital Incidence and In‐Hospital Mortality of Surgically and Interventionally Treated Aortic Dissections: Secondary Data Analysis of the Nationwide German Diagnosis‐Related Group Statistics From 2006 to 2014
Authors: Reutersberg Benedikt , Salvermoser Michael , Trenner Matthias , Geisbüsch Sarah , Zimmermann Alexander , Eckstein Hans‐Henning , Kuehnl Andreas 
Published: April 2019

Background

Population‐based data about the incidence and mortality of patients with aortic dissections (
ADs
) are sparse. Therefore, the hospital incidence and in‐hospital mortality of patients undergoing open or endovascular surgery for type A
ADs
(
TAADs
) and type B
ADs
(
TBADs
) in Germany were analyzed on a nationwide basis between 2006 and 2014.

Methods and Results

A secondary data analysis of the nationwide diagnosis‐related group statistics, compiled by the German Federal Statistical Office, was performed for patients who were surgically/interventionally treated for
AD
(
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, German Modification
[

ICD
‐10‐

GM
]

codes I71.00‐I71.07; n=20 533). By using specific procedure codes, a distinction between
TAAD
(n=14 911/72.6%) and
TBAD
(n=5622/27.4%) could be made. The standardized hospital incidence of surgically/interventionally treated
AD
was 2.7/100 000 per year, comprising 2.0/100 000 per year for
TAAD
and 0.7/100 000 per year for
TBAD
. The in‐hospital mortality of
TAAD
was 19.5%; and of
TBAD,
9.3%. Both the incidence and in‐hospital mortality increased over the 9‐year period. The share of endovascularly treated
TBAD
increased steadily during the same time interval. A multilevel multivariable analysis revealed that, for
TAAD
, age and comorbidity were significantly associated with a higher mortality risk.

The latter was also true for
TBAD
. Sex was not significantly associated with mortality. A significant association between higher annual center volume and mortality was found for
TAAD
, but not for
TBAD
.

Conclusions

This is the first report on hospital incidence and mortality for surgically/interventionally treated
AD
on a nationwide basis. Overall, in Germany, hospital incidence and mortality of
TAAD
and
TBAD
increased over time. In addition,
TAAD
is performed more safely in high‐volume centers.
Estimating the Role of SST in Atmospheric Surface Wind Variability over the Tropical Atlantic and Pacific
Authors: Richter Ingo , Doi Takeshi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The influence of sea surface temperature (SST) on interannual surface wind variability in the tropical Atlantic and Pacific is estimated using sensitivity experiments with the SINTEX-F GCM and the ensemble spread in a nine-member control simulation. Two additional estimates are derived for both SINTEX-F and the ERA-Interim reanalysis using regression analysis and singular value decomposition. All methods yield quite consistent estimates of the fraction of surface wind variability that is determined by SST and therefore potentially predictable. In the equatorial Atlantic, analysis suggests that for the period 1982–2014 approximately 2/3 of surface zonal wind variability in boreal spring and early summer is potentially predictable, while 1/3 is due to noise. Of the predictable component, up to about 35% may be driven from outside the tropical Atlantic, suggesting an important role for remote forcing and a diminished one for local feedbacks. In the northern tropical Atlantic, only 30% of boreal winter variability is predictable, most of which is forced from the Pacific. This suggests a minor role for local coupled air–sea feedbacks. For the equatorial Pacific, the results suggest high predictability throughout the year, most of which is due to local SST, with the tropical Atlantic only playing a minor role in boreal summer. In the tropical Atlantic, atmospheric internal variability is strongly dependent on the presence of deep convection, which, in turn, is related to mean SST. A similar, but weaker, state dependence of internal variability is evident in the tropical Pacific.
Thickness-Weighted Averaging in Tidal Estuaries and the Vertical Distribution of the Eulerian Residual Transport
Authors: Klingbeil Knut , Becherer Johannes , Schulz Elisabeth , de Swart Huib E. , Schuttelaars Henk M. , Valle-Levinson Arnoldo , Burchard Hans 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper presents thickness-weighted averaging (TWA) in generalized vertical coordinates as a unified framework for a variety of existing tidal-averaging concepts in seas and estuaries. Vertical profiles of resulting residual quantities depend on the specific vertical coordinate, which is held fixed during the averaging process. This dependence is demonstrated through the application to one-dimensional analytical tidal flow with sediment transport, to field observations from a tidal channel, and to model results from a two-dimensional estuary. The use of different coordinate systems provides complementary views on the residual dynamics and stresses the importance of a correct interpretation of residual quantities obtained by tidal averaging.
Computation of Optimal Weights for Solving the Atmospheric Source Term Estimation Problem
Authors: Turbelin Grégory , Singh Sarvesh , Issartel Jean Pierre , Busch Xavier , Kumar Pramod 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn case of a release of a hazardous material (e.g., a chemical or a biological agent) in the atmosphere, estimation of the source from concentration observations (provided by a network of sensors) is a challenging inverse problem known as the atmospheric source term estimation (STE) problem. This study emphasizes a method, known in the literature as the renormalization inversion technique, for addressing this problem. This method provides a solution that has been interpreted as a weighted minimal norm solution and can be computed in terms of a generalized inverse of the sensitivity matrix of the sensors. This inverse is constructed by using an appropriate diagonal weight matrix whose components fulfill the so-called renormalizing conditions. The main contribution of this paper is that it proposes a new compact algorithm (it requires less than 15 lines of MATLAB code) to obtain, in a fast and efficient way, those optimal weights. To show that the algorithm, based on the properties of the resolution matrix, matches the requirements of emergency situations, analysis of the computational complexity and memory requirements is included. Some numerical experiments are also reported to show the efficiency of the algorithm.