bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Parties’ Strategies and Foreign Policy-Making within Authoritarian Contexts
Authors: Magued Shaimaa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
How do authoritarian regimes make foreign policy decisions? In answering this question, the article addresses political parties’ accommodating strategies in non-democratic contexts. It builds a theory on authoritarian regimes’ foreign policy-making based on the incorporation of a range of partisan strategies informing leaders’ orientations and goals. Unravelling the reasons behind the AKP’s swift shift from alliance to confrontation with the Egyptian regime in the aftermath of the Muslim Brotherhood’s eviction in 2013 followed by a rapprochement, this article underscores the contribution of parties’ strategies in unpacking foreign policy decision-making within autocracies. The study uses an inductive approach in examining the AKP’s accommodating strategies from 2013 until 2021 based on 30 extensive open-ended and semi-structured in-depth expert interviews conducted by the author with decision-makers in Egypt and Turkey between 2017 and 2021 and a content analysis of Turkish leaders’ speeches.
Water Crisis in Southern Iraq
Authors: Saleh Diyari 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The water crisis has become a major and critical challenge facing Iraq today, as the transboundary water flow from neighboring countries into Iraq, especially in the case of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, declines. The study argues that this crisis will have serious repercussions in the future, leading to tribal conflicts over water quotas, and clan conflicts with the state over the lack of solutions proposed to address this crisis, and there will be a knock on effect on food security which is also at stake. In addition, this crisis may trigger hate speech and incitement, in the future, among some parties, fueling internal conflicts in Iraq and regional tensions.
Media Bias
Authors: Siddiq Nader 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There is a need to emphasize the magnitude of the tragedies caused by the war on terror by drawing viewers’ attention toward terrorist groups’ terrible activities on social media sites for awareness and understanding. The present study aims to assess the perceptions of youth towards the coverage of international terrorism through social media. The random sampling technique was used to recruit 1020 participants from 22 Arab states. The study revealed that social media sites broadcast international terrorism news that has an impact on the Arab region where Islam is represented as the prime mover behind those acts of terror. The majority believed that the coverage of the Arab media, in comparison with the international media, was much more impartial. No statistical difference was observed between gender and dependency on the news on Facebook and X (formerly Twitter). The findings also showed that raising awareness of Arab youth is needed to develop their media literacy and their independent analysis of biased coverage of social media in order to prevent radicalization.
The shallow mantle as a reactive filter: a hypothesis inspired and supported by field observations
Authors: Ceuleneer Georges , Rospabé Mathieu , Grégoire Michel , Benoit Mathieu 
Published: October 2024

The footprints of mafic melts travelling from the depths to the surface are abundant in the mantle section of ophiolites. They constitute an important source of information about the melt migration mechanisms and related petrological processes in the shallowest part of the mantle beneath former oceanic spreading centres. In the field, these so-called ‘melt migration structures’ attract attention when they consist of mineral assemblages contrasting with that of their host peridotite. They therefore record a particular moment in the migration history: when the melt becomes out of equilibrium with the peridotite and causes a reaction impacting its modal composition, and/or when a temperature drop initiates the crystallization of the melt.
The existence of cryptic effects of migration revealed by geochemical data shows that melts do not always leave a trail visible in the field. Although incomplete and patchy, the melt migration structures preserved in ophiolites are witnesses of processes that do actually occur in nature, which constitutes an invaluable support to the interpretation of geophysical data and inescapable constraints for numerical simulations and models of chemical geodynamics.
Here we show how field observations and related petrological and geochemical studies allow us to propose answers to fundamental questions such as these: At which temperature is porous flow superseded by dyking? What are the factors governing melt trajectories? What is the nature of the ‘universal solvent’ initiating infiltration melting and making channelized porous flow the most common mode of transport of magmas through a peridotite matrix regardless the tectonic setting?
A fundamental message delivered by ophiolites is that the shallow mantle behaves as a particularly efficient reactive filter between the depths and the surface of the Earth. Unexpectedly, the reactions occurring there are enhanced by the hybridization between mafic melts and a hydrous component, whatever its origin (i.e. magmatic vs. hydrothermal). This hybridization triggers out of equilibrium reactions, leading to the formation of exotic lithologies, including metallic ores, and impacting the global geochemical cycle of a whole range of chemical elements.
An interrater reliability analysis of preoperative mortality risk calculators used for elective high-risk noncardiac surgical patients shows poor to moderate reliability
Authors: Vernooij Jacqueline E. M. , Roovers Lian , Zwan René van der , Preckel Benedikt , Kalkman Cor J. , Koning Nick J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple preoperative calculators are available online to predict preoperative mortality risk for noncardiac surgical patients. However, it is currently unknown how these risk calculators perform across different raters. The current study investigated the interrater reliability of three preoperative mortality risk calculators in an elective high-risk noncardiac surgical patient population to evaluate if these calculators can be safely used for identification of high-risk noncardiac surgical patients for a preoperative multidisciplinary team discussion.

Methods
Five anesthesiologists assessed the preoperative mortality risk of 34 high-risk patients using the preoperative score to calculate postoperative mortality risks (POSPOM), the American College of Surgeons surgical risk calculator (SRC), and the surgical outcome risk tool (SORT). In total, 170 calculations per calculator were gathered.

Results
Interrater reliability was poor for SORT (ICC (C.I. 95%) = 0.46 (0.30–0.63)) and moderate for SRC (ICC = 0.65 (0.51–0.78)) and POSPOM (ICC = 0.63 (0.49–0.77). The absolute range of calculated mortality risk was 0.2–72% for POSPOM, 0–36% for SRC, and 0.4–17% for SORT. The coefficient of variation increased in higher risk classes for POSPOM and SORT. The extended Bland–Altman limits of agreement suggested that all raters contributed to the variation in calculated risks.

Conclusion
The current results indicate that the preoperative risk calculators POSPOM, SRC, and SORT exhibit poor to moderate interrater reliability. These calculators are not sufficiently accurate for clinical identification and preoperative counseling of high-risk surgical patients. Clinicians should be trained in using mortality risk calculators. Also, clinicians should be cautious when using predicted mortality estimates from these calculators to identify high-risk noncardiac surgical patients for elective surgery.
Design of a randomised controlled hybrid trial of nintedanib in patients with progressive myositis-associated interstitial lung disease
Authors: Aggarwal Rohit , Oddis Chester V. , Sullivan Daniel I. , Moghadam-Kia Siamak , Saygin Didem , Kass Daniel J. , Koontz Diane C. , Li Peide , Conoscenti Craig S. , Olson Amy L. ,   on behalf of the MINT investigators
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
The Myositis Interstitial Lung Disease Nintedanib Trial (MINT) is a hybrid trial, which is enrolling patients both at local sites and remotely via a decentralised site. The trial will investigate the efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with progressive myositis-associated interstitial lung disease (MA-ILD).

Methods/Design
MINT is an exploratory, prospective randomised placebo-controlled trial. Eligible patients will have myositis and evidence of fibrosing ILD on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), be taking standard of care medications for myositis, and meet criteria for ILD progression within the prior 24 months based on decline in FVC, worsened fibrosis on HRCT, and/or worsened dyspnoea. Patients will be randomised 1:1 to receive nintedanib 150 mg twice daily or placebo for 12 weeks then open-label nintedanib for 12 weeks. Patients will be enrolled at local sites and a decentralised site. Most study visits will be completed remotely using telemedicine or digital health technologies. The primary endpoint is the change in Living with Pulmonary Fibrosis (L-PF) questionnaire dyspnoea domain score at week 12. Other endpoints include changes in other L-PF questionnaire domains, lung function, imaging, and physical activity, and assessment of adverse events. Data collected using remote versus clinic enrolment, and using home versus clinic spirometry, will be compared.

Discussion
MINT is an innovative, hybrid trial that will evaluate the effects of nintedanib on symptoms, quality of life, and ILD progression in patients with progressive MA-ILD and provide valuable information on the utility of decentralised recruitment and remote data collection in clinical trials.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05799755 (date of registration: 05/04/2023).
Comparative analysis of newly graduated nurse support through periods of turmoil: lessons learnt for building a future workforce for uncertain times
Authors: Riches Casey , Pitt Rachael , Tyler Scott , Wise Megan , Watman Philip , Henderson Amanda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aim
To compare newly graduated nurse retention and employment experiences across two distinct graduate nurse programs through periods of health care delivery stability and instability.

Background
A global nursing workforce shortage, coupled with increasing demands on health services, requires a specific focus on building capability and improved retention of nurses. The graduate nurse cohort is a critical supply source that potentially can be harnessed if their needs are better understood.

Design
A longitudinal (2015–2023) cross-sectional design was used to examine retention and experiences of newly graduated nurses from two (‘traditional, unit-based’ versus ‘mobile’) supported programs.

Methods
Retention rates were obtained through analysis of employment databases. Descriptive data on impressions and experiences was collected at two time points via a short series of questions contained in a survey, from graduate nurses who remained in employment.

Results
Retention rates for graduate nurses were high (85%) during periods of stability, but even higher for the ‘mobile’ graduate nurse program. Both programs were adversely affected by instability however, the impact was substantial (around 50%) for the peak period of instability (2020) in the ‘mobile’ program. Survey data indicated that during the period of instability graduate nurses in traditional, unit-based programs had a more positive experience when compared with graduate nurses participating in the ‘mobile’ program; This contrasts with the period of stability, where graduate nurses in the ‘mobile’ program indicated more positive responses.

Discussion
Findings re-emphasise the importance of supportive structures for newly graduated nurses as effective in retaining these staff. However, for the first time, evidence is provided that ‘mobility’, diversity, and difference can be viewed positively by graduate nurses. Furthermore, it provides improved understanding about mechanisms, support and boundaries, all interrelating factors, in ‘stretching’ capacity of graduate nurses.

Conclusion
Longitudinal analysis of graduate nurses, participating in two diverse programs, through periods of stability and instability offers insights into their challenges and outcomes. These insights can directly inform targeted strategies for inclusion in supported programs that lead to improved graduate nurse retention and contribute to building an agile nursing workforce.
Collaborative approaches to health education: perspectives of parents and teachers on self-care and managing common health issues in UK primary schools
Authors: Osman Samira , Hirsch Christine , Jalal Zahraa , Paudyal Vibhu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Health education in primary schools plays a critical role in equipping children with essential self-care skills, fostering health literacy, and addressing social determinants of health. This study explores the perspectives of parents and teachers on teaching self-care and managing common health issues in UK primary schools. Despite the recognized importance of health education, there is limited research on how self-care education is perceived and implemented in the primary school setting.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 18 participants, including 9 generalist primary teachers and 9 parents from diverse educational and socioeconomic contexts in the West Midlands, East Midlands, Northwest, and London of England. Participants were recruited via social media and professional networks, and interviews were conducted via video conferencing platforms. Data were thematically analysed using NVivo 12 to identify recurring themes related to the delivery and impact of self-care education in primary schools.

Results
Teachers and parents highlighted key self-care topics, including hygiene, managing common illnesses like colds and cuts, and mental well-being. There was a consensus on the importance of self-care education, but views diverged on whether the responsibility should lie primarily with schools, parents, or a collaborative approach. Teachers expressed concerns about their preparedness to teach sensitive topics, citing a lack of training and resources. Socioeconomic and religious contexts further influenced perceptions, with participants emphasising further importance of school-led self-care education for children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds. Strengths were identified in current self-care education efforts, particularly in practical lessons that empower children with age-appropriate skills.

Conclusions
This study highlights the critical need for comprehensive and collaborative health education in primary schools to promote health literacy and reduce health disparities. Enhancing teacher training, integrating self-care topics into the primary curriculum, and fostering stronger partnerships between schools and families are essential to improving the quality and consistency of self-care education. Policymakers should consider implementing mandatory health education training in teacher education programs and providing ongoing professional development to support teachers. By addressing these gaps, schools can play a pivotal role in preparing children for lifelong health management, reducing the burden on healthcare services, and supporting public health objectives.
Proximal tibia for alveolar augmentation and augmentative rhinoplasty—a suitable option? A retrospective clinical study on donor and recipient site morbidity
Authors: Korn Paula , Melnikov Anastasia , Kuhn Matthias , Farahzadi Samaneh , Lauer Günter , Schröder Tom Alexander 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Autologous bone grafts are essential in reconstructive oral and maxillofacial surgery, and depending on the donor site, they can be associated with specific harvesting morbidities. One of the most commonly applied bone grafts is the iliac crest bone graft, irrespective of other grafts, which might be associated with an easier surgical procedure or the possibility of harvesting them under local anaesthesia. Objective of the study is the clinical evaluation of proximal tibia bone grafts regarding their eligibility for maxillofacial bone grafting.

Methods
In this retrospective study, proximal tibia bone grafts were examined with regard to associated donor and recipient site morbidity and their suitability for alveolar ridge augmentation and rhinoplasty.

Results
In total, 21 tibia grafts were included. Fifty-seven percent of the bone grafts were used for alveolar ridge reconstruction, and 43% were used for augmentative rhinoplasty. No significant complications occurred during or after harvesting, but in 14.3% of the patients, minor wound healing disorders were recorded at the donor site, and in 19% of the patients, they were recorded at the recipient site. Statistically, patient sex, age, nicotine and alcohol abuse and metabolic diseases had no significant influence on the complication rate. Graft harvesting under local anaesthesia and at summer temperatures was associated with significantly more complications at the harvesting site (p < 0.05). In cases of dental implant insertion into augmented sites, the implants (n = 31) were followed up for a median period of 40.5 months, during this time 86.7% of the implants survived.

Conclusion
The proximal tibia is a suitable donor site for harvesting autologous bone grafts for alveolar ridge augmentation or rhinoplasty because the donor site morbidity is low, and in contrast to iliac crest bone grafts, they can be harvested under local anaesthesia, which might be advantageous for outpatient surgeries.
Tissue microarray analyses of the essential DNA repair factors ATM, DNA-PKcs and Ku80 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zech Henrike Barbara , von Bargen Clara , Oetting Agnes , Möckelmann Nikolaus , Möller-Koop Christina , Witt Melanie , Struve Nina , Petersen Cordula , Betz Christian , Rothkamm Kai , Münscher Adrian , Clauditz Till Sebastian , Rieckmann Thorsten 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) negative for Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has remained a difficult to treat entity, whereas tumors positive for HPV are characterized by radiosensitivity and favorable patient outcome. On the cellular level, radiosensitivity is largely governed by the tumor cells` ability to repair radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), but no biomarker is established that could guide clinical decision making. Therefore, we tested the impact of the expression levels of ATM, the central kinase of the DNA damage response as well as DNA-PKcs and Ku80, two major factors in the main DSB repair pathway non-homologous end joining (NHEJ).

Methods
A tissue microarray of a single center HNSCC cohort was stained for ATM, DNA-PKcs and Ku80 and the expression scored based on staining intensity and the percentages of tumor cells stained. Scores were correlated with clinicopathological parameters and survival.

Results
Samples from 427 HNSCC patients yielded interpretable stainings and were scored following an established algorithm. The majority of tumors showed strong expression of both NHEJ factors, whereas the expression of ATM varied more. The expression scores of ATM and DNA-PKcs were not associated with patient survival. For HPV-negative HNSCC, the minority of tumors without strong Ku80 expression trended towards superior survival when treatment included radiotherapy. Focusing stronger on staining intensity to define the subgroup with lowest and therefore potentially insufficient expression levels in the HPV-negative subgroup, we observed significantly better overall survival for patients treated with radiotherapy but not with surgery alone.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that HPV-negative HNSCC with particularly low Ku80 expression represent a highly radiosensitive subpopulation. Confirmation in independent cohorts is required.
The use of tourniquet in total knee arthroplasty does not impact the functional outcome: a randomised controlled study
Authors: Johnsen Magnus , Havik Steinar , Husby Vigdis Schnell , Winther Siri Bjørgen , Foss Olav A. , Husby Otto Schnell , Lian Øystein Bjerkestrand 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
This study evaluates the clinical evidence for performing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without a tourniquet, a shift from the near-universal use in 2009 to current trends towards tourniquet-less TKA in Norway and Sweden. This change is set against a backdrop of conflicting evidence regarding the positive and negative effects of tourniquet use.

Questions/purposes
The aims were to determine if the tourniquet has an impact on [1] Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12) at 8 weeks after surgery; [2] postoperative strength and function; [3] postoperative pain and opioid analgesic use; and [4] operative time, bleeding, and length of stay (LOS).

Methods
Eighty-one patients were randomised to TKA with or without a tourniquet. The outcome measures, FJS-12, muscle strength, functional test, pain, estimated blood loss, haemoglobin (Hb) loss, knee circumference, opioid consumption, and LOS were assessed preoperatively and at 1 day, 8 weeks, and 1 year after surgery.

Results
No significant difference in FJS-12 scores was found between the two groups at postoperative 8 weeks. However, the tourniquet group showed statistically significant better knee extension strength at 8 weeks (p = 0.045). There were no differences in other outcomes, except for a greater decrease in haemoglobin levels (p = 0.02) and higher estimated perioperative blood loss (p < 0.001) in the no tourniquet group than the torniquet group.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that tourniquet use during TKA causes no significant differences in FJS-12 at 8 weeks, significantly reduces bleeding and postoperative Hb loss, and improves quadriceps strength at 8 weeks.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrails.gov. Registry Number: NCT03666598. Registered 30 August 2018.