bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reinforced Removable Retainer
Authors: Hashim Hayder A. , AL-Suliaman Salman , Cordovez Jelly L. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a new type of orthodontic removable retainer, which is of great help to the orthodontist as well as to the patient. The procedures of fabrication are described. The Reinforced Removable Retainer (Triple “R” Retainer) is well tolerated, adaptable, and easy to fit and remove. Its main advantage is that it is not easy to break, less bulky, and very retentive.

Citation
AL-Suliaman S, Hashim HA, Cordovez JL. The Reinforced Removable Retainer. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 May;(7)2:145-152.
Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Acellular Dermal Matrix Allograft and Connective Tissue Graft for the Treatment of Gingival Recession
Authors: Rahmani M.E. , Rigi Lades Mohammad A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
“Gingival recession is a condition reported to occur due to abnormal periodontal anatomy, poor hygiene, excessive occlusal forces, toothbrush abrasion, and even iatrogenic or factitious causes. Though various surgical techniques are available to treat this problem, the most common is the palatal soft tissue autograft. Recently, an acellular dermal matrix allograft (ADMA) has been available as a substitute for the palatal tissue harvest. The aim of this study is to compare the ADMA with the conventional subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) in the treatment of gingival recession.”

Methods and Materials
Fourteen patients with 20 gingival recessions of Miller's grade I and II were selected and randomized in two groups of control (SCTG) and test (ADMA). In each group ten recession defects were treated. The following parameters were measured at baseline and then at six months post surgery: recession height (RH), recession width (RW), probing depth (PD), attached gingiva (AG), keratinized gingiva (KG), and clinical attachment level (CAL). All parameters were analyzed using the two-sample t-test. Data analysis was performed using SPSS (version 11) software.

Results
The following mean changes (mm) occurred in SCTG and ADMA, respectively: 2.60±0.97 and 2.90±0.81 decrease in RH; 1.70±1.01 and 1.65±0.67 decrease in RW; 2.50±0.97 and 2.95±0.69 increase in KG; 2.25±0.92 and 2.65±0.85 increase in AG; 2.60±1.08 and 2.75±0.92 decrease in CAL; and finally 0.05±0.50 and 0.10±0.46 decrease in PD for the SCTG and ADMA groups, respectively. The percentage of root coverage for the two groups was 70.12%±22.81% and 72.08%±14.12%, respectively. The changes from baseline to the six-month visit were significant for both groups in terms of all parameters but PD. However, the differences in mean changes were not significant between the two groups in any of the parameters.

Conclusion
These findings imply the ADMA and SCTG techniques could produce the same results when used for the successful treatment of gingival recessions. In addition the ADMA could be used as an adequate alternative treatment modality for conventional techniques.

Citation
Rahmani ME, Lades MAR. Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Acellular Dermal Matrix Allograft and Connective Tissue Graft for the Treatment of Gingival Recession. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 May;(7)2:063-070.
Evaluation of Swallowing Patterns of the Tongue Using Real-time B-mode Sonography
Authors: Ardakani Fatemah Ezoddini 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the swallowing patterns of the tongue using B-mode sonography. A total of 65 patients aged between eight and 35 years were enrolled in the study including 25 controls. The swallowing patterns of the 40 patients were divided into groups of ten normal, 12 inconsistent, and 18 abnormal. Eight patients with a swallowing abnormality had Angle Class I occlusions, two had Class II, and the remaining ten patients had Class III. The majority of abnormal or inconsistent swallowing patterns were found in cases of mandibular prognathism. Quantitative data was not analyzed in this study. The results of this study show that B-mode sonography, being a non-invasive procedure permitting direct visualization of the movements of the tongue in both coronal and sagittal planes, can be used with certainty for diagnosing swallowing abnormalities.

Citation
Ardakani FE. Evaluation of Swallowing Patterns of the Tongue Using Real-time B-mode Sonography. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 July;(7)3:067-074.
Dental Anxiety Among Adults in Turkey
Authors: Firat Deniz , Tunc Elif Pak , Sar Vedat 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
This aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental anxiety and related factors in a Turkish population.

Methods and Materials
The Turkish translation of the Dental Fear Scale (DFS) and the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) were administered to 115 dental patients consisting of 21 subjects who had dental phobia and of 94 patients who did not. The scales were also administered to a non-clinical general population (N=183).

Results
The Turkish version of the DFS was internally consistent and reproducible. The scale had strong correlations (r=0.80, p<0.001) with the MDAS. Female participants scored higher (45.2±18.1) on the scale than men (38.2±15.7). The DFS had a negative correlation (r=-0.25, p<0.001) with education level. There was a statistically significant difference between dental phobics and the remaining groups on the DFS total score. At a cut-off point 55, the sensitivity of the scale was 0.80, specificity 0.80, positive predictive value 0.48, and negative predictive value 0.95. Thirty-nine subjects (21.3%) in the general population had total scores above this cut-off point.

Conclusion
Dental fear is common in clinical and non-clinical settings in Turkey. The good psychometric characteristics of the DFS among Turkish participants supports its cross-cultural validity.

Citation
Firat D, Tunc EP, Sar V. Dental Anxiety Among Adults in Turkey. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 July;(7)3:075-082.
Dental Development in Subjects with Thalassemia Major
Authors: Hazza'a Abdalla M. , Al-Jamal Ghaida 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the dental development of patients with â-thalassemia major and to compare it with unaffected children.Methods and MaterialsPanoramic radiographs of 44 thalassemic patients taken before the age of 16 years were examined. The subjects consisted of 29 males and 15 females ranging in age from 4.9 to 15.7 (mean = 10.8±2.9) years and 44 controls matched for age and sex. The seven left mandibular permanent teeth, second molar to central incisor, were rated on an eight stage scale using the methods described by Demirjian et al.10 The stage of each tooth was converted to the corresponding numeric value and then all values were added to obtain a dental maturity score which corresponded to a dental age. Dental and chronologic ages were compared using a paired t-test. The relationship between the chronologic age and the amount of delay was also determined.ResultsThirty-nine patients had a delay in the development of their dentition. The mean developmental dental delay was found to be 1.01 years (p<0.05). The range in delay was from 0.1 to 2.9 years. There was no significant difference between the mean chronologic and dental age of the control group (p> 0.05). The amount of delay in dental development increases as the patient.s age increased (p<0.05). Males were found to have a greater delay (mean 1.16 years) than females (mean delay 0.73 years), but this difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsThe delay in dental development in β-thalassemia major varied according to the patient.s age. This positive correlation parallels the general growth of thalassemic children.CitationHazza.a AM, Al-Jamal G. Dental Development in Subjects with Thalassemia Major. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 September;(7)4:063-070.
Traumatic Pseudolipoma of the Oral Cavity: Report of a Case
Authors: Martins Wilson Denis , de Oliveira Ribas Marina , de Sousa Maria Helena , Braga Ana Maria 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
An uncommon traumatic pseudolipoma of the oral cavity is presented. In this particular case there was evidence of previous trauma to the buccal fat pad during a difficult extraction of a maxillary premolar. Evidence is presented that iatrogenic trauma resulting in foreign body introduction might produce traumatic pseudolipoma in the oral cavity. The morphology of the buccal fat pad, the possible pathogenisis of the condition, as well as the diagnostic and the management of the case are presented.

Citation
de Oliveira Ribas M, Martins WD, de Sousa MH, Braga AM. Traumatic Pseudolipoma of the Oral Cavity: Report of a Case. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 September;(7)4:089-097.
One-Year Clinical Evaluation of Two Resin Composites, Two Polymerization Methods, and a Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer in Non-Carious Cervical Lesions
Authors: Tassery Hervé , Koubi Stephen , Raskin Anne , Bukiet Frédéric , Pignoly Christian , Toca Edwige 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to examine clinically relevant data on four restorative procedures for non-carious cervical lesions using United States Public Health Service (USPHS)–compatible clinical and photographic criteria and to compare different methods of analyzing clinical data.

Methods and Materials
Fourteen patients with at least one or two pairs of non-carious lesions under occlusion and a mean age of 50 were enrolled in this study. A total of 56 restorations (14 with each material) were placed by three experienced, calibrated dental practitioners. Two other experienced and calibrated practitioners, under single-blind conditions, followed up on all restorations for a period of one year. Three materials were randomly placed: a micro-hybrid composite with two polymerization methods (G1 and G2), a flowable micro-hydrid composite (G3), and a resin-modified glass ionomer (G4). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskall-Wallis test (p<0.05) and a Mann-Whitney U modified test with a corrected significance level.

Results
At the one year evaluation time, there were no restorations with secondary caries and the retention rates in G1 (IntenS with a hard polymerization), G2 (IntenS with a soft polymerization), G3 (Filtek flow), and G4 (Fuji II LC) were 85.7% (two losses), 92.8% (one loss), 100%, and 100%, respectively. The total visual microcomparison of the results at baseline (15 days later) showed significant differences only with the clinical acceptance criterion: G1 was different from G2, with a soft polymerization device (p<0.05). In terms of surface quality at one year, G1, G2, and G3 exhibited a statistically significant difference from G4, p<0.05. The digital analysis at baseline showed significant differences only with the clinical acceptance criterion: G1=G2 was different from G3=G4, p<0.05. At one year, only the microporosity criterion showed any statistical differences: G1=G2=G3 was different from G4, p<0.05.

Conclusions
The resin-modified glass ionomer was easier to use and had a high retention rate, but it failed in terms of surface quality (visual mode) and porosity (digital mode) criteria compared to the others groups. Overall results showed no difference between groups G1 (hard-polymerized) and G2 (soft-polymerized), and only G1 was affected by the marginal edge (p<0.03) and integrity criteria (p<0.02) at one year.

Citation
Koubi S, Raskin A, Bukiet F, Pignoly C, Toca E, Tassery H. One-Year Clinical Evaluation of Two Resin Composites, Two Polymerization Methods, and a Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer in Non-Carious Cervical Lesions. J Contemp Dent Pract 2006 November;(7)5:042-053.
Effect of Different Types of Enamel Conditioners on the Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Daneshkazemi A.R. , Davari A.R. , Yassaei S. , Yosefi M.H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
A unique characteristic of some new bonding systems in operative dentistry is they combine conditioning and priming agents into a single acidic primer solution for simultaneous use on both enamel and dentin. Combining conditioning and priming into a single treatment step results in improvement in both time and costeffectiveness to the clinician and, indirectly, to the patient. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the use of a self-etching primer on the bond strength of orthodontic brackets and on the bracket/ adhesive failure mode.

Methods and Materials
Thirty-six fresh bovine incisors were collected and stored in a solution of 0.1% (weight/volume) thymol. The criteria for tooth selection included intact buccal enamel, no cracks caused by the presence of the extraction forceps, and no defects. The teeth were cleansed and polished with pumice and rubber prophylactic cups for ten seconds. Brackets were bonded to the teeth according to one of three protocols following the manufacturers’ instructions - Group 1: Conventional multistep bonding system (control group) (n=12); Group 2: Self-etching primer system (n=12); and Group 3: Acid+self-etching primer system (n=12). Specimens were loaded to failure in a Zwick test machine (Zwick GmbH & Co, Ulm, Germany). Shear bond strengths were measured at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min.

Results
The mean shear bond strength in megapascals (Mpa) (standard deviation) were 11.7 (4.2), 10.5 (4.4), and 10.9 (4.8) for Groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the three groups. The results indicated no significant difference in the bond strength between the three groups (P=0.800). The results of the Chi square test, evaluating the residual adhesives on the enamel surfaces, revealed no significant difference between the three groups (P=0.554).

Conclusion
Results of the present in vitro study indicate the use of self-etching primers may be an alternative to conventional phosphoric acid pre-treatment in orthodontic bonding.

Citation
Davari AR, Yassaei S, Daneshkazemi AR, Yosefi MH . Effect of Different Types of Enamel Conditioners on the Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:036-043.
Oral Care in the Intensive Care Unit: A Review
Authors: Abidia Randa F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Oral care for patients in the hospital's Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is important, but this is usually the responsibility of nurses without sufficient knowledge in oral care or comprehensive protocols to follow. The problems of maintaining oral care with oral intubation, performing oral assessment, guidelines for oral hygiene care, frequency of oral care needed, and suggested mouth care protocol followed by recommendations are presented and discussed in this paper.

Citation
Abidia RF. Oral Care in the Intensive Care Unit: A Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 January;(8)1:076-082.
A Comparison of Two Different Methods and Materials Used to Repair Polycarbonate Crowns
Authors: Yilmaz Asude 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength and crown-repair material interface of polycarbonate crown repaired using flowable resin composite and hybrid resin composite following two different surface preparations.

Methods and Materials
The facial surfaces of fifty-two polycarbonate crowns were flattened and roughened. Specimens were then divided into four test groups. A bonding agent alone (Groups 1 and 2) or a combination of methylmethacrylate (MMA) + bonding agent (Groups 3 and 4) was applied to the prepared surfaces. Then either a flowable (Groups 1 and 3) or a microfilled hybrid (Groups 2 and 4) resin composite was placed on the surfaces. Forty-eight of the original fifty-two specimens were used for shear bond strength testing. Failure types (adhesive, cohesive, and mixed) were evaluated. The remaining four specimens, one from each group, were used for crown-resin composite interface analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Results
There were significant differences in both mean shear bond strength values and failure types (P<0.05). The SEM evaluation revealed a close interface relationship in Groups 3 and 4.

Conclusion
MMA monomer application on a polycarbonate crown prior to application of an adhesive agent improved the shear bond strength of the repair material.

Citation
Yilmaz A. A Comparison of Two Different Methods and Materials Used to Repair Polycarbonate Crowns. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:0105-112.
The Effect of Thermocycling on the Adhesion of Self-etching Adhesives on Dental Enamel and Dentin
Authors: El Araby Alaa Morsy , Talic Yousef F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of one total-etch self-priming adhesive and two one-step self-etching adhesive systems on the adhesion of a resin composite to both dentin and enamel. The effect of thermocycling on the adhesion was also investigated. The null hypothesis tested was thermocycling would not affect bond strengths to enamel and dentin treated with self-etching adhesives or a total-etch adhesive.

Methods and Materials
Two single-step self-etching adhesives [Xeno III (XE3) and Prompt L-Pop (PP)] and one two-step total-etch adhesive system (Prime & Bond NT) (P&B NT) were used in this study. Thirty cariesfree unrestored human third molars were used to make specimens of enamel and dentin. Different adhesives were applied on enamel and dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's instructions then hybrid composite restorative material was condensed on the surface using a mold. The bonded specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours before being tested. Half of the bonded specimens were tested for shear bond strength without thermocycling. The other half of the test specimens were thermocycled using a thermocycling apparatus in water baths held at 5°C and 55°C with a dwell time of one minute each for 10,000 cycles prior to shear testing. The mean shear bond strength before and after thermocycling was calculated, and the results were subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measure design to show the interaction between different materials and different times.

Results
The results showed shear bond strength on both enamel and dentin of the total-etch adhesive and the self-etching adhesives decreased after the specimens were subjected to thermocycling.

Conclusions
The null hypothesis tested “thermocycling would not affect bond strengths treated with selfetching adhesives” was rejected. Furthermore, the study revealed the following:

The shear bond strength to both enamel and dentin of the total-etch adhesive and the self-etching adhesives decreased after the specimens were subjected to thermocycling.
XE3 achieved the highest bond strength to both enamel and dentin (26.994±1.17 and 25.22±1.26, respectively).
XE3 showed even better bonding after thermocycling to enamel and dentin than the total-etching system or PP.
Although PP bonded to enamel showed lower shear bond strength value than XE3, it has durable bond strength even after thermocycling.

Citation
El Araby AM, Talic YF. The Effect of Thermocycling on the Adhesion of Self-etching Adhesives on Dental Enamel and Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:017-024.
Radiometric and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Third Generation Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Light-Curing Units
Authors: Owens Barry M. , Rodriguez Kelbin H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aims
Light-emitting diode (LED) polymerization of dental restorative materials has become increasingly popular. However, individual light-curing unit (LCU) functions (intensity and/or wavelength emission) may not conform to manufacturer specifications due to quality control issues. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of irradiance, in terms of power density (intensity) and spectral distribution (peak wavelength), emitted from LED and quartz-tungsten halogen (QTH) LCUs in vitro. The battery expenditure of these LED units was also tested.

Methods and Materials
The intensity and spectral distribution from four third generation LED (Smartlite PS, Coltolux LED, radii Plus, Diopower) and one QTH (Schein Visible Cure) light sources were measured using six different dental curing light meters (Coltolux, Cure Right, Demetron 100, Demetron LED., Hilux, and Light Meter-200) and a visible-ultraviolet light spectrophotometer (Hitachi Elmer-Perkins). The battery life was also plotted for each light source following a 1500 second duration period. The data obtained from radiometric and spectrophotometric analysis was compared to manufacturer specifications.

Results
Radiometric evaluation revealed LED light units tested did not satisfy manufacturer claims for minimum intensities. Spectral emissions from the LED light sources did meet manufacturer requirements. No clinically appreciable battery drain was evidenced from testing all re-chargeable LED units.

Conclusion
Despite limitations LED technology appears to be an effective alternative for curing of lightactivated esthetic restorative materials. Additional advantages associated with LED curing lights include ergonomic handling capabilities, negative heat generation, and minimal maintenance concerns.

Citation
Owens BM, Rodriguez KH. Radiometric and Spectrophotometric Analysis of Third Generation Light- Emitting Diode (LED) Light-Curing Units. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:043-051.
Fatigue Strength of Fragmented Incisal Edges Restored with a Fiber Reinforced Restorative Material
Authors: Lassila Lippo V.J. , Vallittu Pekka K. , Garoushi Sufyan K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine the compressive fatigue limits (CFLs) of fractured incisor teeth restored using either a conventional adhesive-composite technique or using fiber-reinforced composites (FRCs).

Methods and Materials
Fifteen extracted sound upper incisor teeth were prepared by cutting away the incisal one-third part of their crowns horizontally. The teeth were restored using three techniques. Group A (control group) was restored by reattaching the original incisal edge to the tooth. Group B was restored using particulate filler composite (PFC). Group C was restored with PFC and FRC by adding a thin layer of FRC to the palatal surface of the teeth. The bonding system used was a conventional etch system with primer and adhesive. All restored teeth were stored in water at room temperature for 24 h before they were loaded under a cyclic load with a maximum controlled regimen using a universal testing machine. The test employed a staircase approach with a maximum of 103 cycles or until failure occurred. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) (p=0.05). Failure modes were visually examined.

Results
Group A (reattaching fractured incisal edge) revealed the lowest CFL values, whereas the creation of a new incisal edge with PFC revealed a 152% higher CFL value compared to Group A. Group C (teeth restored with FRC) revealed a 352% higher CFL than the control group. ANOVA revealed the restoration technique significantly affected the compressive fatigue limit (p<0.001). The failure mode in Group A and B was debonding of the restoration from the adhesive interface. While in Group C, the sample teeth fractured below their cemento-enamel junctions.

Conclusion
These results suggested an incisally fractured tooth restored with the combination of PFC and FRC-structure provided the highest CFL.

Citation
Garoushi SK, Lassila LVJ, Vallittu PK. Fatigue Strength of Fragmented Incisal Edges Restored with a Fiber Reinforced Restorative Material. J Contemp Dent Pract 2007 February;(8)2:009-016.