bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creep and hardening behavior of 6101 aluminum alloy manufactured by wiredrawing process
Authors: Bettayeb Souad , Boumerzoug Zakaria , Saib Cherif 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the effect of the aging at 200°C on creep and hardening behavior of hardenable 6101 aluminum alloy manufactured by an industrial wiredrawing process used for construction of self-supporting overhead aerial power line conductors.Design/methodology/approachThe creep tests were carried out under applied constant stress 100 MPa and constant temperature 150°C. Hardness measurements were also used to investigate the mechanical behavior of the aged alloy. Micrographs of the fractured wires by creep tests were performed by scanning electron microscope. Electrical resistivity of the aged alloy was measured at different time of the aging treatment.FindingsThe authors have found the relationship between the precipitation sequence, the mechanical properties and the electrical resistivity of aged 6101 aluminum alloy.Originality/valueThe optimum properties were also deduced.
Optimizing the use of biologgers for movement ecology research
Authors: Williams Hannah J. , Taylor Lucy A. , Benhamou Simon , Bijleveld Allert I. , Clay Thomas A. , de Grissac Sophie , Demšar Urška , English Holly M. , Franconi Novella , Gómez‐Laich Agustina , Griffiths Rachael C. , Kay William P. , Morales Juan Manuel , Potts Jonathan R. , Rogerson Katharine F. , Rutz Christian , Spelt Anouk , Trevail Alice M. , Wilson Rory P. , Börger Luca 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

The paradigm‐changing opportunities of biologging sensors for ecological research, especially movement ecology, are vast, but the crucial questions of how best to match the most appropriate sensors and sensor combinations to specific biological questions and how to analyse complex biologging data, are mostly ignored.

Here, we fill this gap by reviewing how to optimize the use of biologging techniques to answer questions in movement ecology and synthesize this into an Integrated Biologging Framework (IBF).

We highlight that multisensor approaches are a new frontier in biologging, while identifying current limitations and avenues for future development in sensor technology.

We focus on the importance of efficient data exploration, and more advanced multidimensional visualization methods, combined with appropriate archiving and sharing approaches, to tackle the big data issues presented by biologging. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities in matching the peculiarities of specific sensor data to the statistical models used, highlighting at the same time the large advances which will be required in the latter to properly analyse biologging data.

Taking advantage of the biologging revolution will require a large improvement in the theoretical and mathematical foundations of movement ecology, to include the rich set of high‐frequency multivariate data, which greatly expand the fundamentally limited and coarse data that could be collected using location‐only technology such as GPS. Equally important will be the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborations to catalyse the opportunities offered by current and future biologging technology. If this is achieved, clear potential exists for developing a vastly improved mechanistic understanding of animal movements and their roles in ecological processes and for building realistic predictive models.
Early‐life conditions determine the between‐individual heterogeneity in plasticity of calving date in reindeer
Authors: Paoli Amélie , Weladji Robert B. , Holand Øystein , Kumpula Jouko 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Phenotypic plasticity has become a key concept to enhance our ability to understand the adaptive potential of species to track the pace of climate change by allowing a relatively rapid adjustment of life‐history traits.

Recently, population‐level trends of an earlier timing of reproduction to climate change have been highlighted in many taxa, but only few studies have explicitly taken into consideration between‐individual heterogeneity in phenotypic plasticity.

Using a long‐term data of a semi‐domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) population, we demonstrated that females differed greatly in their mean calving date but only slightly in the magnitude of their plastic response to the amount of precipitation in April. We also showed that despite the absence of a population trend, females individually responded to the amount of precipitation in April by delaying their calving dates.

Females' calving date under average climatic conditions was best predicted by their birthdate, by their physical condition in March–April–May before their first calving season and by their first calving date. The degree of their phenotypic plasticity was not dependent on any of the females' attributes early in life tested in this study. However, females who delayed their calving dates in response to a higher amount of precipitation in April slightly produced less calves over their reproductive life.

These findings confirmed that early‐life conditions of female reindeer can shape their phenotypic value during reproductive life, supporting the importance of maternal effects in shaping individuals' lifetime reproductive success. Whether females differed in the magnitude of their plastic response to climatic changes has received contrasted responses for various ungulate species. This calls for more research to enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, leading to the complexity of plastic responses among populations to cope with current climate change.
Resource addition drives taxonomic divergence and phylogenetic convergence of plant communities
Authors: Yang Xian , Li Guoyong , Li Shaopeng , Xu Qianna , Wang Pandeng , Song Huanhuan , Sun Danyu , Zhong Mingxing , Zhou Zhenxing , Song Jian , Ru Jingyi , Wan Shiqiang , Jiang Lin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Anthropogenic environmental changes are known to affect the Earth's ecosystems. However, how these changes influence assembly trajectories of the impacted communities remains a largely open question.

In this study, we investigated the effect of elevated nitrogen (N) deposition and increased precipitation on plant taxonomic and phylogenetic β‐diversity in a 9‐year field experiment in the temperate semi‐arid steppe of Inner Mongolia, China.

We found that both N and water addition significantly increased taxonomic β‐diversity, whereas N, not water, addition significantly increased phylogenetic β‐diversity. After the differences in local species diversity were controlled using null models, the standard effect size of taxonomic β‐diversity still increased with both N and water addition, whereas water, not N, addition, significantly reduced the standard effect size of phylogenetic β‐diversity. The increased phylogenetic convergence observed in the water addition treatment was associated with colonizing species in each water addition plot being more closely related to species in other replicate plots of the same treatment. Species colonization in this treatment was found to be trait‐based, with leaf nitrogen concentration being the key functional trait.

Synthesis. Our analyses demonstrate that anthropogenic environmental changes may affect the assembly trajectories of plant communities at both taxonomic and phylogenetic scales. Our results also suggest that while stochastic processes may cause communities to diverge in species composition, deterministic process could still drive communities to converge in phylogenetic community structure.
Global Britain and the Narrative of Empire
Authors: Turner Oliver 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince 2016, the UK government has outlined plans for ‘Global Britain’ as a framework for post‐Brexit foreign policy. Some criticise the idea as a vision of ‘Empire 2.0’, but it is rarely made clear exactly what form it takes or what its wider political implications are. This article argues that Global Britain constitutes not just an idea or a slogan, but a foreign policy narrative and, more specifically, the narrative of empire. Indeed, to appear reasonable its grand ambitions require pre‐existing knowledges of past imperial ‘successes’ and accepting images of empire among the British public. Yet Global Britain lacks efficacy: as a domestic rather than an international narrative, by being inherently regressive in its worldview, and for contradicting the preferences of international partners on which the UK heavily relies. These narrative flaws, it is argued, make Global Britain an actively problematic, rather than merely ineffective, component of UK foreign policy.
Testing Application of Geographical Information Systems, Forensic Geomorphology and Electrical Resistivity Tomography to Investigate Clandestine Grave Sites in Colombia, South America
Authors: Molina Carlos Martin , Wisniewski Kristopher D. , Drake Jonathan , Baena Alejandra , Guatame Ana , Pringle Jamie K. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractColombian forensic investigators required assistance locating clandestine burials of missing persons related to human right atrocities from 14 years ago. Geoscientific search methods were trialled, including a predictive spatial statistical model, using various input and database information, to select the most likely grave locations in difficult mountainous terrain. Groundwork using forensic geomorphology, near‐surface geophysics (ERT) and subsequent probing identified suspect burial positions. One site was in mountainous terrain and the other in former school grounds, both difficult to access and in poor weather conditions. In the mountainous area, a negative resistivity anomaly area was identified and intrusively investigated, found to be a buried rock. In school grounds, after MESP and intelligence were used to identify a burial site, surface depressions were identified, and ERT datasets collected over the highest priority depression; intrusive investigations discovered a hand‐dug pit containing animal bones. This approach is suggested for Latin American searches.
Impact of electric scooters to a tertiary emergency department: 8‐week review after implementation of a scooter share scheme
Authors: Mitchell Gary , Tsao Henry , Randell Thomas , Marks Jacqueline , Mackay Prudence 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveA retrospective audit of presentations to a tertiary trauma centre reviewing the demographics of electric scooter injuries in the first 2 months of the scooter‐share scheme, which was commenced in Brisbane in November 2018.MethodsElectric scooter‐associated presentations to the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Emergency and Trauma Centre from November 2018 to January 2019 were identified. Data collected included patient demographics, type and location of injuries, helmet use, alcohol consumption, length of stay and disposition. Estimates of costs associated with electric scooter presentation were also obtained.ResultsFifty‐four electric scooter encounters were included during the 2‐month period. Helmets were worn in 46% and was associated with reduced risk of head injury (odds ratio (OR) 0.18, P = 0.029). Alcohol was involved in 27% although this did not impact on admission rates (OR 1.25, P = 0.83) or operative management (OR 2.14, P = 0.42). Contusions/abrasions and fractures/dislocations were the most common types of injury, whereas upper limb and minor head injuries were the most common sites of injury. Most patients were discharged home (87%), with 74% completing their emergency visit in under 4 h. Six patients required operative management and 15 patients needed outpatient follow‐up. There were no deaths. Average patient cost per presentation was $542 and ranged from $285 to $1345.ConclusionsThe findings characterised injury patterns and costs associated with electric scooters in our ED. Given the increasing popularity of electric scooters as an alternate form of transportation, our study may help to inform public policy for future injury prevention.
Towards an ecological trait‐data standard
Authors: Schneider Florian D. , Fichtmueller David , Gossner Martin M. , Güntsch Anton , Jochum Malte , König‐Ries Birgitta , Le Provost Gaëtane , Manning Peter , Ostrowski Andreas , Penone Caterina , Simons Nadja K. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Trait‐based approaches are widespread throughout ecological research as they offer great potential to achieve a general understanding of a wide range of ecological and evolutionary mechanisms. Accordingly, a wealth of trait data is available for many organism groups, but this data is underexploited due to a lack of standardization and heterogeneity in data formats and definitions.

We review current initiatives and structures developed for standardizing trait data and discuss the importance of standardization for trait data hosted in distributed open‐access repositories.

In order to facilitate the standardization and harmonization of distributed trait datasets by data providers and data users, we propose a standardized vocabulary that can be used for storing and sharing ecological trait data. We discuss potential incentives and challenges for the wide adoption of such a standard by data providers.

The use of a standard vocabulary allows for trait datasets from heterogeneous sources to be aggregated more easily into compilations and facilitates the creation of interfaces between software tools for trait‐data handling and analysis. By aiding decentralized trait‐data standardization, our vocabulary may ease data integration and use of trait data for a broader ecological research community and enable global syntheses across a wide range of taxa and ecosystems.
Genetically engineered bananas—From laboratory to deployment
Authors: Pua Teen‐Lee , Tan Tian‐Tian , Jalaluddin Nurzatil S. M. , Othman Rofina Y. , Harikrishna Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince the first two successful transformation events in banana were reported in 1995, considerable effort has been invested to develop new cultivars with improved tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses and with enhanced nutrient levels, primarily using Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation and particle bombardment. In addition to many promising laboratory‐based studies, several genetically engineered banana cultivars have been trialled in the field. However, the deployment of genetically engineered varieties of bananas lags behind that of other major crops and there has been no commercial plantation. This article provides a review of advances in the genetic engineering of banana with an overview of noteworthy developments in several programmes that are being conducted worldwide. We identify the main challenges to translating the full potential of genetically engineered bananas for human consumption as the intellectual property issues surrounding the technology, public perceptions towards the adoption of the transformed bananas as well as various regulatory hurdles that hold the technology development from moving forward.
A Multicenter Randomized Trial to Evaluate a Chemical‐first or Electrical‐first Cardioversion Strategy for Patients With Uncomplicated Acute Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Scheuermeyer Frank X. , Andolfatto Gary , Christenson Jim , Villa‐Roel Cristina , Rowe Brian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundEmergency department (ED) patients with uncomplicated atrial fibrillation (AF) of less than 48 hours may be safely managed with rhythm control. Although both chemical‐first and electrical‐first strategies have been advocated, there are no comparative effectiveness data to guide clinicians.MethodsAt six urban Canadian centers, ED patients ages 18 to 75 with uncomplicated symptomatic AF of less than 48 hours and CHADS2 score of 0 or 1 were randomized using concealed allocation in a 1:1 ratio to one of the following strategies: 1) chemical cardioversion with procainamide infusion, followed by electrical countershock if unsuccessful; or 2) electrical cardioversion, followed by procainamide infusion if unsuccessful. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients discharged within 4 hours of arrival. Secondary outcomes included ED length‐of‐stay (LOS); prespecified ED‐based adverse events; and 30‐day ED revisits, hospitalizations, strokes, deaths, and quality of life (QoL).ResultsEighty‐four patients were analyzed: 41 in the chemical‐first group and 43 in the electrical‐first group. Groups were balanced in terms of age, sex, vital signs, and CHADS2 scores. All patients were discharged home, with 83 (99%) in sinus rhythm. In the chemical‐first group, 13 of 41 patients (32%) were discharged within 4 hours compared to 29 of 43 patients (67%) in the electrical‐first group (p = 0.001). In the chemical‐first group, the median ED LOS was 5.1 hours (interquartile range [IQR] = 3.5 to 5.9 hours) compared to 3.5 hours (IQR = 2.4 to 4.6 hours) in the electrical‐first group, for a median difference of 1.2 hours (95% confidence interval = 0.4 to 2.0 hours, p < 0.001). No patients experienced stroke or death. All other outcomes, including adverse events, ED revisits, and QoL, were similar.ConclusionIn uncomplicated ED AF patients managed with rhythm control, chemical‐first and electrical‐first strategies both appear to be successful and well tolerated; however, an electrical‐first strategy results in a significantly shorter ED LOS.
What have we learned from 691 prenatal chromosomal microarrays for ventricular septal defects?
Authors: Maya Idit , Singer Amihood , Yonath Hagith , Reches Adi , Rienstein Shlomit , Zeligson Sharon , Ben Shachar Shay , Sagi‐Dain Lena 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionVentricular septal defect (VSD) represents the most common type of congenital cardiac anomaly, affecting more than 1 in 300 live births. The objective of this study was to examine the incidence and nature of abnormal chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) results in a large cohort of pregnancies with VSD.Material and methodsData acquisition was performed through the Ministry of Health computerized database. All CMA results performed due to VSD during 2013‐2017 were included. The rates of clinically significant CMA results of cases with isolated and non‐isolated VSD were compared with two control populations—a systematic review of 9272 pregnancies and a local cohort of 5541 fetuses with normal ultrasound.ResultsOverall, 691 CMA analyses performed due to a sonographic indication of VSD were detected. Of 568 pregnancies with isolated VSD, eight (1.4%) clinically significant copy number variants were detected, a nonsignificant difference compared with low risk pregnancies. Of the 123 pregnancies with non‐isolated VSDs, 18 (14.6%) clinically significant CMA results were detected, a considerably increased risk compared with control pregnancies. Karyotype‐detectable anomalies constituted 12 of the 18 abnormal CMA results in non‐isolated VSD group (66.7%), a significantly higher proportion compared with 2 of 8 (25%) in isolated VSD cohort.ConclusionsThe outcomes of our study, representing the largest number of CMA results in pregnancies with VSD, suggest that the rate of abnormal CMA findings in isolated VSD does not differ from pregnancies with normal ultrasound. This observation is true for populations undergoing routine common trisomy screening tests and early sonographic evaluation, as well as widely available non‐invasive prenatal screening. Conversely, CMA analysis yields a high detection rate in pregnancies with non‐isolated VSD. Our results question the recommendation to perform invasive prenatal testing for CMA in pregnancies with isolated VSD.
Zero‐balance ultrafiltration of the priming blood modifies the priming components and improves the clinical outcome in infants undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gholampour Dehaki Maziar , Niknam Sana , Bakhshandeh Hooman , Azarfarin Rasoul 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) requirement in infants presents a unique challenge because of the large prime volume‐to‐blood volume ratio. Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) tend to deteriorate with long‐term storage owing to their unphysiological composition and osmolality. Given that blood priming is inevitable in neonates, it is suggested that the metabolic load and osmolality are diminished before CPB initiation. We conducted the present study to test the hypothesis that the zero‐balance ultrafiltration (Z‐BUF) of the priming blood with 0.45% saline might be sufficient for modifying the metabolic load and osmolality and, thus, achieving a physiological state. Sixty infants with a weight below 10 kg undergoing CPB were randomly assigned either to a control group or to a Z‐BUF group and the Z‐BUF of the priming blood was performed in the latter group. Electrolytes and osmolality were measured in the priming blood. The bleeding volume, the blood transfusion rate, the length of mechanical ventilation, the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU), the body temperature, and renal biomarkers were compared between the 2 groups. The osmolality and the levels of potassium, sodium, glucose, chloride, and lactate in the priming blood were significantly decreased after Z‐BUF (P < .01). The Z‐BUF group showed significant reductions in postoperative blood loss; postoperative blood transfusion; time to extubation; the length of stay in the ICU; the levels of lactate, sodium, and blood urea nitrogen at 24 hours postoperatively and the body temperature at 18 hours postoperatively (P < .05). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups regarding the body temperature and the levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen after admission to the ICU. The results of the present study demonstrated that the Z‐BUF of the priming blood could be a useful strategy in infants undergoing CPB insofar as it significantly modified the composition of the priming blood and improved the clinical outcome among our patients.
Quality of probiotic products for preterm infants: Contamination and missing strains
Authors: Vermeulen Marijn J. , Luijendijk Ad , van Toledo Letty , van Kaam Anton H. , Reiss Irwin K. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractProbiotics are effective in reducing necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants, but routine use is not generally adopted. We describe a safety issue concerning contamination by pathogenic bacteria and missing of labelled strains in a probiotic product widely used in neonatal care. We recommend all centres using probiotics in the care of vulnerable patients to consider product safety checks in addition to the quality reports of manufacturers. Meanwhile, clinicians and manufacturers should collaborate to define quality standards for probiotic products in clinical settings as long as specific international regulations are lacking.
Single‐incision laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal repair for bilateral inguinal hernias after femoral‐femoral artery bypass in a patient on antiplatelet therapy: A case report
Authors: Wakasugi Masaki , Yoshikawa Yukihiro , Furukawa Haruna , Sueda Toshinori , Matsumura Tae , Koga Chikato , Miyagaki Hiromichi , Tei Mitsuyoshi , Kawabata Ryohei , Tsujie Masanori , Hasegawa Junichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA 77‐year‐old man visited our hospital due to bilateral painful inguinal swellings. He had a history of femoral‐femoral artery bypass surgery for peripheral artery disease and took ethyl icosapentate. Additionally, he had a previous history of open left colectomy for descending colon cancer and had a median incision reaching the lower abdomen. With a diagnosis of bilateral direct inguinal hernias after femoral‐femoral artery bypass surgery, he underwent single‐incision laparoscopic surgery for totally extraperitoneal repair, continuing on ethyl icosapentate. During surgery, the preperitoneal space was safely and easily dissected, avoiding a subcutaneous vascular graft. No perioperative complications or hernia recurrence have been observed at 3 months follow‐up.