bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total teater. Samhällsutopier på scen under Weimarrepubliken
Authors: Jonsson Stefan 
Published: October 2018

TOTAL TEATER - STAGING UTOPIA IN THE WEIMAR REPUBLIC | Highlighting a crucial topic in the utopian aesthetics developed in the European interwar period, this article discusses the radical ideas of placing society on stage, and of turning theatre into a medium for the self-representation of society. Illustrations and examples are drawn mainly from Erwin Piscator, and his collaboration with Walter Gropius in a project that they conceived of as “the Total Theatre” (Das Totaltheater). As the essay argues, these ideas of a new stage craft and performance were perhaps the most daring interventions among the wild and unruly democratic experiments of the Weimar Republic, and they usefully illustrate what Walter Benjamin had in mind as he, in the same period, cryptically endorsed the aesthetico-political idea of an artwork that is “being absorbed by the masses”.
Fremtidshandel: Fiktionen i den finansielle spekulations tidsalder
Authors: Andreasen Torsten , Eliassen Knut Ove , Tygstrup Frederik 
Published: October 2018

Robert Harris’ novel The Fear Index (2012) takes place over 24 hours on May 6 2010 where the life of eccentric former physicist Alex Hoffmann – now hedge fund owner and developer of trading algorithms – is threatened while the market collapses. It is unclear whether the trader suffers from a schizophrenic psychosis or whether his algorithm VIXAL-4 has actually overpowered him. The fund’s portfolio is “all out of shape” and Hoffmann’s personality “had grown lopsided”, as the algorithmic monster prevails via the complete breakdown of both the market and its maker. Via an analysis of The Fear Index and its references to romantic literature, the article examines the consequences of trade via algorithmic operations beyond human perception and cognition for the relation between cultural imagination and the future.
Figures du précariat rural
Authors: Mainguy Glenn 
Published: October 2018

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée au sein des espaces ruraux russes, j’analyse les supports et les ressources que les individus en situation de pauvreté possèdent pour faire face aux aléas de la vie quotidienne dans un contexte social marqué par la précarisation de l’emploi et le désengagement de l’État. Deux variables seront au coeur de mon raisonnement : la famille et la terre. Grâce à ces notions fondamentales, pour comprendre les transformations profondes que connait le monde rural russe contemporain, j’examine différentes figures du précariat rural et prolonge la réflexion entamée par Castel concernant la représentation de l’« individu par défaut » (2009).
Entre la llunyania i la intimitat: l’enunciació de l’espai urbà en Vicent Andrés Estellés
Authors: Mira Navarro Irene 
Published: October 2018

L’article analitza el tractament i la presència de la ciutat en les obres de Vicent Andrés Estellés en funció de l’acostament o llunyania que el jo poètic hi estableix. Les obres estudiades remeten a cap període de producció concret, sinó que es troben disseminades al llarg de tota la trajectòria del poeta a causa de la presència constant que l’espai hi té. Ens centrarem, doncs, en estudiar les dues maneres que el poeta té de representar la ciutat: la que la configura com una alteritat observada pel jo poètic i la que la practica des de la proximitat. Tot fent referència als diferents indrets significatius que configuren la identitat del jo poètic.
TRABALHO E EDUCAÇÃO NA PERSPECTIVA SOCIALISTA: A EXPERIÊNCIA DE PISTRAK NA ESCOLA COMUNA
Authors: Quaresma Adilene Gonçalves 
Published: October 2018

<p>O artigo apresenta a experiência do pedagogo russo Moisey Mikhailovich Pistrak (1888-1937), um dos líderes ativos das duas primeiras décadas de construção da escola soviética e do desenvolvimento da pedagogia marxista. O texto estrutura-se em dois eixos. O primeiro apresenta, em linhas gerais, as bases e os princípios que orientaram a Escola do Trabalho durante a Revolução Russa e o segundo apresenta a experiência de Pistrak e uma equipe de educadores na escola-comuna que dirigiu durante o período de 1918 a 1923. Considera-se a obra de fundamental importância no que se refere aos aspectos pedagógicos da relação trabalho-educação naquilo que foi a experiência socialista e referência para a construção de processos educativos que tomam o trabalho como princípio educativo, bem como a autogestão e o coletivismo. Além de divulgar as experiências educativas desenvolvidas durante a construção do socialismo na Rússia Soviética após a Revolução de 1917.</p>
A PRODUÇÃO ESCRITA SOBRE TRABALHO DOCENTE NA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR: REVISTA UNIVERSIDADE E SOCIEDADE (2007-2016)
Authors: Pereira da Silva Michelle Karoline , Guimarães André Rodrigues 
Published: October 2018

<p><strong><em>RESUMO: </em></strong>O presente trabalho analisa as produções escritas sobre Trabalho Docente na Educação Superior no período de 2007 a 2016, na Revista <em>Universidade e Sociedade</em>. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica com predominância qualitativa. Os resultados deste estudo revelam que os temas mais recorrentes tratam sobre precarização, intensificação, produção e produtivismo acadêmico, bem como os impactos da reforma e contrarreforma universitária particularmente em função do REUNI. Algumas questões específicas precisam ser mais exploradas, como saúde, aposentadoria, assédio moral e identidade docente no contexto da contrarreforma da educação superior.</p><p> </p>
Moving toward cities where earthquakes will not cause a grievous disaster
Authors: Wada Akira , Towhata Ikuo , Tamura Kazuo , Qu Zhe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the mid‐18th century, Great Britain gave birth to the Industrial Revolution. The modern era started in Europe where there were no severe natural disasters caused by earthquakes. By the 19th century, the industrial movement had swept into Asia. In 1868, Japan began importing science and technology from Europe and USA. Subsequently, Japan's civilization, culture, and politics also changed. Over time, cities like Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya became epicenters for modern Japanese life. Although Japan has always been concerned about earthquakes, its people focused more on economic growth during the modernization process than on protecting mega‐cities from possible natural disasters. Other Asian countries also have a similar pattern of development. The Science Council of Japan, which was established after World War II, strives to help build safe and secure societies where people can live in peace and contentment. The council has frequently published important proposals on past large‐scale domestic earthquake disasters. In this paper, we propose the idea of “Moving toward cities where earthquakes will not cause a grievous disaster,” which was announced by the Science Council of Japan on August 23, 2017. The proposal focuses on large cities where people, information, wealth, and assets are highly concentrated, and aims to build communities no longer devastated by major earthquakes.
Recent Advances in Large‐Scale Tactile Sensor Arrays Based on a Transistor Matrix
Authors: Huo Zhihao , Peng Yiyao , Zhang Yufei , Gao Guoyun , Wan Bensong , Wu Wenqiang , Yang Zheng , Wang Xiandi , Pan Caofeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTactile sensors that possess the physical properties of human epidermis, which can sense external stimuli (pressure, temperature, humidity, etc.), are a very popular cutting‐edge innovation. They make a large contribution to extensive applications in the real‐time monitoring of human health, artificial intelligence, robot systems, and biocompatibility. However, great challenges remain in large‐scale tactile simulation to attain fast data transmission and low signal crosstalk among the pixels. The tactile sensor arrays based on a transistor matrix (TSATMs) are thus investigated for large‐scale pressure mapping. Currently, a variety of TSATMs with different device structures have been described. The integrated composite structure, consisting of a transistor matrix and a pressure‐dependent electronic component, was first widely employed for tactile mapping. Then, researchers conducted a large amount of scientific inquiry into the intrinsic pressure‐sensitive transistor. These pressure‐dependent transistors are based on changes in the specific gate capacitance, piezotronic effect, piezo‐phototronic effect, and triboelectric nanogenerator. Certainly, novel systems and materials, low‐power consumption, and multifunctional design should be considered for the next generation of intelligent TSATMs to meet the needs of diverse practical applications.
Organocatalytic Decarboxylative Cyanomethylation of Difluoromethyl and Trifluoromethyl Ketones
Authors: Balaraman Kaluvu , Moskowitz Max , Wolf Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAn efficient organocatalytic method for the synthesis of difluoromethyl and trifluoromethyl substituted β‐hydroxynitriles is introduced. The decarboxylative cyanomethylation of fluorinated ketones with readily available cyanoacetic acid gives a variety of tertiary alcohols in high yields and without concomitant water elimination. The reaction occurs in the presence of catalytic amounts of triethylamine, can be upscaled and applied to chlorofluoromethyl ketones and difluoromethyl ketimines.magnified image
Organoids for Advanced Therapeutics and Disease Models
Authors: Kim Suran , Cho Ann‐Na , Min Sungjin , Kim Sooyeon , Cho Seung‐Woo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOrganoid culture is a fast‐emerging technology in the biological and biomedical research fields, garnering interest due to its unique features of self‐organization from diverse types of stem cells and close resemblance to organs in the human body. This innovative in vitro model system presents the possibility of significant advances in the understanding of human development and disease mechanisms as well as in the discovery of novel diagnostics and therapeutics. Here, the authors review several types of tissue‐specific organoids and discuss the most recent studies on the biomedical application of organoids. Finally, the challenges and prospects of organoids as an in vitro model system are laid out.
Theoretical Treatment for Properties of Surfaces and Their Interplay with Bulk Properties of Crystals
Authors: Zhou Meijuan , Springborg Michael , Kirtman Bernard 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt is demonstrated that there is an interconnection between surfaces, shapes, and bulk properties of macroscopic, crystalline materials. Thus, the requirement that no atom in the bulk shall experience a force from charges associated with the surface, a requirement formulated in terms of a generalized Tasker condition, leads to an interplay involving transfer of charge between different surfaces for a given sample. Through this mechanism, so‐called polar surfaces, often considered to be essentially unstable, can always be stabilized. Density functional theory slab calculations are carried out to obtain typical surface charges and associated bulk geometric displacements for an individual surface. Then the consequences of the interplay between surfaces are studied through one property that is usually considered a bulk property, namely the polarization / dipole moment per volume, and one property that is usually related to an individual surface, that is, heterogeneous catalytic activity. Model calculations illustrate the importance of charge transfer between surfaces in both cases. These calculations provide a guide for much more difficult ab initio computations that might be carried out in the future.
A General Mechanism for Achieving Circular Dichroism in a Chiral Plasmonic System
Authors: Qu Yu , Zhang Yu , Wang Fei , Li Hui , Ullah Hamad , Aba Tudahong , Wang Yongkai , Fu Tong , Zhang Zhongyue 
Published: October 2018

AbstractChiral plasmonic (CP) systems are shown to exhibit effectual circular dichroism (CD). A general mechanism based on the Jones matrix for predicting the CD signal of CP systems is proposed. Considering the near‐field coupling of adjacent layers of trilayer CP systems, the coupling matrix, which shows the relevance of the coupling status to the relative position of the adjacent layers, is analytically derived under the framework of the transfer matrix method. To prove the coupling matrix, a trilayer system is designed, and the optical properties of the relevant system arrays are simulated using the finite‐element method. The fitting functions of the simulated CD signals at resonant wavelengths are consistent with the theoretical formulas. The proposed mechanism facilitates an understanding of the underlying physical mechanism of CD and offers a design principle for fabrication of CP systems that are applicable to biosensing.
Direct Observation and Manipulation of Supramolecular Polymerization by High‐Speed Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Fukui Tomoya , Uchihashi Takayuki , Sasaki Norihiko , Watanabe Hiroki , Takeuchi Masayuki , Sugiyasu Kazunori 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite recent advances in mechanistic understanding and controlled‐synthesis methodologies regarding synthetic supramolecular assemblies, it has remained challenging to capture the molecular‐level phenomena in real time, thus hindering further progress in this research field. In this study, we applied high‐speed atomic‐force microscopy (AFM), which has extraordinary spatiotemporal resolution (1 nm and sub‐100 ms), to capture dynamic events occurring during synthetic molecular self‐assembly. High‐speed AFM permitted the visualization of unique dynamic behavior, such as seeded growth and self‐repair in real time. Furthermore, scanning‐probe AFM permitted the site‐specific manipulation and functionalization of a molecular self‐assembly. This powerful combination of bottom‐up and top‐down approaches at the molecular level should enable targeted syntheses of unprecedented functional nanoarchitectures.
Across‐the‐World Automated Optimization and Continuous‐Flow Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Agents Operating Through a Cloud‐Based Server
Authors: Fitzpatrick Daniel E. , Maujean Timothé , Evans Amanda C. , Ley Steven V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe power of the Cloud has been harnessed for pharmaceutical compound production with remote servers based in Tokyo, Japan being left to autonomously find optimal synthesis conditions for three active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in laboratories in Cambridge, UK. A researcher located in Los Angeles, USA controlled the entire process via an internet connection. The constituent synthetic steps for Tramadol, Lidocaine, and Bupropion were thus optimized with minimal intervention from operators within hours, yielding conditions satisfying customizable evaluation functions for all examples.
Iodospirocyclization of Tryptamine‐Derived Isocyanides: Formal Total Synthesis of Aspidofractinine
Authors: Saya Jordy M. , Roose Thomas R. , Peek Jarryt J. , Weijers Bram , de Waal Thomas J. S. , Vande Velde Christophe M. L. , Orru Romano V. A. , Ruijter Eelco 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe N‐iodosuccinimide‐mediated spirocyclization of tryptamine‐derived isocyanides to generate spiroindolenines is reported. The products contain both an imine and an imidoyl iodide as flexible handles for follow‐up chemistry. Nucleophilic addition typically occurs chemoselectively on the imine moiety with complete diastereoselectivity, providing opportunities for the construction of complex molecular frameworks. The synthetic potential of the method was showcased in the formal total synthesis of (±)‐aspidofractinine.
Investigations into neuroprotectivity, stability, and water solubility of 7‐O‐cinnamoylsilibinin, its hemisuccinate and dehydro derivatives
Authors: Schramm Simon , Gunesch Sandra , Lang Florian , Saedtler Marco , Meinel Lorenz , Högger Petra , Decker Michael 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDerivatives of the recently described potent neuroprotective 7‐O‐cinnamoylsilibinin ester were prepared: its hemisuccinate to improve water solubility and the dehydrosilibinin ester that was shown to form in assay media to investigate its role in overall neuroprotective effects. 7‐O‐Cinnamoyl‐2,3‐dehydrosilibinin is less neuroprotective than 7‐O‐cinnamoylsilibinin in a murine hippocampal cell line (HT‐22) and we conclude that the dehydrosilibinin derivatives are not the actual carriers of neuroprotective properties, at least in the assay applied. Solubility of the test compounds was determined in shake‐flask experiments and the ester's solubility was greatly improved by introduction of a hemisuccinate at the 23‐position of silibinin. Time–stability curves in assay media were recorded. The hemisuccinate ester did not act as a prodrug to release 7‐O‐cinnamoylsilibinin but is the second ester bond to be cleaved. Nevertheless, it still exhibits significant neuroprotection. Therefore, its greatly increased solubility might effectively counterbalance lower in vitro neuroprotection.
Adoptive Treg Cell Therapy in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Dall'Era Maria , Pauli Mariela L. , Remedios Kelly , Taravati Keyon , Sandova Priscila M. , Putnam Amy L. , Lares Angela , Haemel Anna , Tang Qizhi , Hellerstein Marc , Fitch Marc , McNamara James , Welch Beverly , Bluestone Jeffrey A. , Wofsy David , Rosenblum Michael D. ,   the Autoimmunity Centers of Excellence
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveAdoptive Treg cell therapy has great potential to treat autoimmune disease. Currently, very little is known about how these cells impact inflamed tissues. This study was undertaken to elucidate how autologous Treg cell therapy influences tissue inflammation in human autoimmune disease.MethodsWe describe a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient with active skin disease who received adoptive Treg therapy. We comprehensively quantified Treg cells and immune activation in peripheral blood and skin, with data obtained at multiple time points posttreatment.ResultsDeuterium tracking of infused Treg cells revealed the transient presence of cells in peripheral blood, accompanied by increased percentages of highly activated Treg cells in diseased skin. Flow cytometric analysis and whole transcriptome RNA sequencing revealed that Treg cell accumulation in skin was associated with a marked attenuation of the interferon‐γ pathway and a reciprocal augmentation of the interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) pathway. This phenomenon was more pronounced in skin relative to peripheral blood. To validate these findings, we investigated Treg cell adoptive transfer of skin inflammation in a murine model and found that it also resulted in a pronounced skewing away from Th1 immunity and toward IL‐17 production.ConclusionWe report the first case of a patient with SLE treated with autologous adoptive Treg cell therapy. Taken together, our results suggest that this treatment leads to increased activated Treg cells in inflamed skin, with a dynamic shift from Th1 to Th17 responses.
Aberrant functional connectivity of inhibitory control networks in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Voorhies Willa , Dajani Dina R. , Vij Shruti G. , Shankar Sahana , Turan Turel Ozerk , Uddin Lucina Q. 
Published: October 2018

Development of inhibitory control is a core component of executive function processes and a key aspect of healthy development. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairments in performance on inhibitory control tasks. Nevertheless, the research on the neural correlates of these impairments is inconclusive. Here, we explore the integrity of inhibitory control networks in children with ASD and typically developing (TD) children using resting state functional Magnetic Resonance Imagaing (MRI). In a large multisite sample, we find evidence for significantly greater functional connectivity (FC) of the right inferior frontal junction (rIFJ) with the posterior cingulate gyrus, and left and right frontal poles in children with ASD compared with TD children. Additionally, TD children show greater FC of rIFJ with the superior parietal lobule (SPL) compared with children with ASD. Furthermore, although higher rIFJ‐SPL and rIFJ‐IPL FC was related to better inhibitory control behaviors in both ASD and TD children, rIFJ‐dACC FC was only associated with inhibitory control behaviors in TD children. These results provide preliminary evidence of differences in intrinsic functional networks supporting inhibitory control in children with ASD, and provide a basis for further exploration of the development of inhibitory control in children with the disorder. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1468–1478. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryInhibitory control is an important process in healthy cognitive development. Behavioral studies suggest that inhibitory control is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, research examining the neural correlates underlying inhibitory control differences in children with ASD is inconclusive. This study reveals differences in functional connectivity of brain networks important for inhibitory control in children with ASD compared with typically developing children. Furthermore, it relates brain network differences to parent‐reported inhibitory control behaviors in children with ASD. These findings provide support for the hypothesis that differences in brain connectivity may underlie observable behavioral deficits in inhibitory control in children with the disorder.
Strain Redistribution in Metal‐Sulfide‐Composite Anode for Enhancing Volumetric Lithium Storage
Authors: Xie Dong , Yuan Yingdong , Xiao Li , Cheng Faliang , Zhang Min , Fan Hongbo , Ge Xiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractVolumetric capacity, though being the most important metric for batteries, remains difficult to improve. This work demonstrates that the large volume expansion of active materials can be buffered when they are loaded on a backbone with medium volume expansion during lithium insertion, thus achieving a high volumetric specific capacity with acceptable cycling stability. Specifically, we imbedded SnS inside a MoS2@C brochosome‐like matrix. The composite delivers tremendously improved volumetric specific capacity due to the synergy between the high‐capacity SnS with alloy‐type lithium storage mechanism and the MoS2@C brochosome‐like backbone with moderate lithium storage capability and stable structure. This composite delivers highly reversible capacity and excellent capacity retention (720 mAh cm−3 after 200 cycles at 200 mA g−1), and superior rate capacity of 465 mAh cm−3 at 4 A g−1. Such structure, involving a porous, stable and active matrix and a high‐capacity filler in the pores, could be a general structural guidance for making electrode materials with high volumetric specific capacity.
Zinc Oxide‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Primary Alcohols into Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Monda Fabrizio , Madsen Robert 
Published: October 2018

AbstractZinc oxide has been developed as a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of primary alcohols into carboxylic acids and hydrogen gas. The reaction is performed in mesitylene solution in the presence of potassium hydroxide, followed by workup with hydrochloric acid. The transformation can be applied to both benzylic and aliphatic primary alcohols and the catalytically active species was shown to be a homogeneous compound by a hot filtration test. Dialkylzinc and strongly basic zinc salts also catalyze the dehydrogenation with similar results. The mechanism is believed to involve the formation of a zinc alkoxide which degrades into the aldehyde and a zinc hydride. The latter reacts with the alcohol to form hydrogen gas and regenerate the zinc alkoxide. The degradation of a zinc alkoxide into the aldehyde upon heating was confirmed experimentally. The aldehyde can then undergo a Cannizzaro reaction or a Tishchenko reaction, which in the presence of hydroxide leads to the carboxylic acid.