bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticorps et protéines, leurs liaisons dans le sérum antirouget
Authors: Basset Jean 
Published: January 2019

Partant d’un sérum, antimicrobien : sérum antirouget obtenu d’un Cheval en puissance d’hyperimmunité maximale, nous avons à nouveau recherché les liaisons qu’entretiennent, avec les anticorps spécifiques, les protéines sériques séparées par M. Piettre avec sa méthode à l’acétone aux basses températures. Les résultats confirment ceux que nous avons publiés ici-même en 1946 :
L'immunisine est liée aux deux principales protéines, mais dans des proportions très différentes. Par rapport au sérum entier, l’albumine supporte environ fio p. ioo du pouvoir préventif ; la globuline 10 ou 20 p. 100 tout au plus.
L’agglutinine est liée tout entière à l’albumine. Les globulines sont dépourvues de la qualité floculante.
Ce fait que, dans tel sérum antimicrobien comme dans les sérums anti toxiques, c’est une même protéine qui supporte la majeure partie de l’anticorps immunisant, vient appuyer l’opinion dès longtemps exprimée par l’auteur : «Chez les Bactéries des infections septicémiques, l’antigène immu- nigène s’apparente à la toxine dite soluble des Bactéries essentiellement toxinogènes». «Dans toutes les infections bactériennes, l’immunité acquise est de nature antitoxique.»
Nos résultats prouvent encore que l’on n’est point autorisé à localiser dans les globulines la majeure partie des anticorps circulants : dans notre sérum antirouget, les globulines ne possèdent aucun pouvoir agglutinant.
Ils prouvent enfin que les sérums thérapeutiques ne sauraient être titrés in vitro par l’agglutination.
There is More to it Than Meets the Eye: An Intercultural Study of Religious Speech Acts between Jordanian and American Students
Authors: Almwajeh Motasim , Rababah Luqman 
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of religious utterances in everyday speech by Jordanian university students and those of U. S. university students. This study tries to compare and contrast the frequency of religious speech by Jordanian and American students in order to show cross-cultural similarities and variations, and to foreground connections among linguistic, cultural, and religious subtexts. The researchers contend that people, from various cultures paradigms, need to re-envision and reformulate their methods of interaction, both locally and globally. The study took place at IUP (Indiana University of Pennsylvania). Five Jordanian students and five American students are selected from various fields of study and specializations. They are mostly acquaintances who expressed their willingness to help with this study. The researchers conducted ten personal interviews with all the participants, and each interview lasted about 30 minutes. The researchers chose to audio record the interviews because all the participants signed a consent form and thus gave us the permission to do so. All the participants are IUP students; most of them are undergraduate students, but three of them are doing graduate studies at Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Not only did the researchers hand each participant a copy of the questionnaire, but they also explained the questions to them and ascertained that they fully understood each question. The participants were presented with the same exact questions to see how they respond to these situations, and the researchers interpreted their responses and have come up with conclusions about the integration of religious language in the parameters of everyday speech used by U.S. and Jordanian students. Basically, the data collected delineates similarities and differences between respondents from both cultures and features intersections between religiously marked language and everyday speech.
Genderdiversiteit en organisatiecriminaliteit: een systematische literatuurreview
Authors: Kluin Marieke , de Ruiter Lucy 
Published: January 2019

Gender diversity and white-collar crime: a systematic literature review
Women are less likely to commit criminal acts than men. This gender gap appears to be particularly pronounced in white-collar crime. This systematic literature review examines existing theories, such as the situational hypothesis and the ‘gendered theory of focal concerns’ and evaluates to what extent they find support in empiricism. The results seem to offer the most support to the ‘gendered theory of focal concerns’. This nourishes the hypothesis that with an increase of women at positions in the upper tiers of the company ladder a decrease in the prevalence of white-collar crime can be expected. However, it is also possible that the explanation of corporate crime does not lie in a lack of femininity, but in a lack of gender diversity. Furthermore, limited access to informal criminal networks, the ‘old boys networks’, seems to play an important role in the gender gap of white-collar crime.
Vrijheidsbeneming in Nederland sinds 1837
Authors: Nieuwbeerta Paul 
Published: January 2019

Detention in the Netherlands since 1837. An analysis of 180 years of prison statistics
This article studies the development in the prison system over the period 1837-2016 in the Netherlands. It describes trends in three characteristics of the Dutch prison system: (a) the number of prisoners, (b) the number of cells, and (c) the inflow of persons from the free society. The findings are twofold. On the one hand – when examining absolute numbers – the article shows that three distinct periods can be distinguished: a period of 140 years with low stable numbers (1837-1975), four decades in which the numbers tripled (1975-2005), and a subsequent decade where the numbers halved (2005-2016). On the other hand – when examining relative numbers, i.e. per 100.000 inhabitants, and thus controlling for the growth in population – the article displays that developments in the prison system in the Netherlands between 1837-2016 can best be characterized by a long-term continuous decrease in detention.
Sandor Katz and the Possibilities of a Queer Fermentive Praxis
Authors: Maroney Stephanie 
Published: January 2019

Fermentation, when embedded in queer politics, offers a conceptual and material challenge to the ideology of purism that structures dominant understandings of health in the North American context. Through a close reading of Sandor Katz’s book Wild Fermentation and the author’s experiences at a 2014 summer residency at Katz’s Foundation for Fermentation Fervor, this article contributes to food studies scholarship exploring the transformative potential of fermentation. In his teaching and writing, Katz challenges the ideology of purism through a queer fermentive praxis that advocates for improvisation, microbial inspiration, and interdependent nourishment. This praxis demonstrates an imperfect, do-it-yourself (DIY) ethos of fermentation that empowers folks to experiment with found and foraged materials. Katz’s theorization of fermentation as social change heralds the queer shape-shifting of microorganisms as inspiration for human action. And, in the context of the queer rural community where he makes his home, Katz’s fermentive praxis cultivates interdependent, inter-species nourishment. This queer fermentive praxis activates the political potential of fermentation by refusing the dominant view of human beings as individuals engaged in purity projects of control and subordination. Instead, it imagines humans as co-constituted, deeply dependent subjects who are responsible to, and in service of creating conditions for flourishing of all kinds of life.
P-curve accurately rejects evidence for homeopathic ultramolecular dilutions
Authors: Reisman Samuel , Balboul Mostafa , Jones Tashzna 
Published: January 2019

Background
P-curve has been proposed as a statistical test of evidential value. The distributions of sets of statistically significant p-values are tested for skewness. P-curves of true effects are right-skewed, with greater density at lower p-values than higher p-values. Analyses of null effects result in a flat or left-skewed distribution. The accuracy of p-curve has not been tested using published research analyses of a null effect. We examined whether p-curve accurately rejects a set of significant p-values obtained for a nonexistent effect.

Methods
Homeopathic ultramolecular dilutions are medicinal preparations with active substances diluted beyond Avogadro’s number. Such dilute mixtures are unlikely to contain a single molecule of an active substance. We tested whether p-curve accurately rejects the evidential value of significant results obtained in placebo-controlled clinical trials of homeopathic ultramolecular dilutions.

Results
P-curve accurately rejected the evidential value of significant results obtained in placebo-controlled clinical trials of ultramolecular dilutions. Robustness testing using alternate p-values yielded similar results.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that p-curve can accurately detect when sets of statistically significant results lack evidential value.
A Wearable All‐Fabric Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Allison Linden K. , Andrew Trisha L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWearable thermoelectric generators are a promising energy source for powering activity trackers and portable health monitors. However, known iterations of wearable generators have large form factors, contain expensive or toxic materials with low elemental abundance, and quickly reach thermal equilibrium with a human body, meaning that thermoelectric power can only be generated over a short period of wear. Here, an all‐fabric thermopile is created by vapor printing persistently p‐doped poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT‐Cl) onto commercial cotton and this thermopile is integrated into a specially designed, wearable band that generates thermovoltages >20 mV when worn on the hand. It is shown that the reactive vapor coating process creates mechanically rugged fabric thermopiles that yield notably high thermoelectric power factors at low temperature differentials, as compared to solution‐processed counterparts. Further, best practices for naturally integrating thermopiles into garments are described, which allow for significant temperature gradients to be maintained across the thermopile despite continuous wear.
Magnetically‐ and Electrically‐Controllable Functional Liquid Metal Droplets
Authors: Li Fangxia , Kuang Shaolong , Li Xiangpeng , Shu Jian , Li Weihua , Tang Shi‐Yang , Zhang Shiwu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGallium‐based room temperature liquid metal alloys have recently been explored to be an emerging functional material. They have attracted particular attentions in a variety of applications due to their unique properties. Many of the applications are based on the precise control over the motion of liquid metal, and yet, the fact that currently lacking the advanced and reliable controlling methods greatly hinders the potential of liquid metal to be applied in a wider range of fields. In this study, an innovative approach is developed to obtain functional liquid metal (FLM) by modifying it with copper–iron magnetic nanoparticles (Cu–Fe NPs). The magnetic modification process enables the Cu–Fe NPs to be suspended within the liquid metal and form the FLM. The FLM exhibits similar appearance, actuating behaviors, and deformability in alkaline solutions to those of pure liquid metal alloys. Meanwhile, the magnetic modification enables the precise and rapid manipulation of the liquid metal using a magnetic field. Most importantly, for the first time, the precise control and climbing locomotion of the FLM is demonstrated with the interworking of both electric and magnetic fields simultaneously. The remarkable features of the FLM may represent vast potentials toward the development of future intelligent soft robots.
Atomic‐Scale Structural Modification of 2D Materials
Authors: Xiao Yao , Zhou Mengyue , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei 
Published: January 2019

Abstract2D materials have attracted much attention since the discovery of graphene in 2004. Due to their unique electrical, optical, and magnetic properties, they have potential for various applications such as electronics and optoelectronics. Owing to thermal motion and lattice growth kinetics, different atomic‐scale structures (ASSs) can originate from natural or intentional regulation of 2D material atomic configurations. The transformations of ASSs can result in the variation of the charge density, electronic density of state and lattice symmetry so that the property tuning of 2D materials can be achieved and the functional devices can be constructed. Here, several kinds of ASSs of 2D materials are introduced, including grain boundaries, atomic defects, edge structures, and stacking arrangements. The design strategies of these structures are also summarized, especially for atomic defects and edge structures. Moreover, toward multifunctional integration of applications, the modulation of electrical, optical, and magnetic properties based on atomic‐scale structural modification are presented. Finally, challenges and outlooks are featured in the aspects of controllable structure design and accurate property tuning for 2D materials with ASSs. This work may promote research on the atomic‐scale structural modification of 2D materials toward functional applications.
Fluorometric Recognition of Nucleotides within a Water‐Soluble Tetrahedral Capsule
Authors: Plajer Alex J. , Percástegui Edmundo G. , Santella Marco , Rizzuto Felix J. , Gan Quan , Laursen Bo W. , Nitschke Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe design of aqueous probes and binders for complex, biologically relevant anions presents a key challenge in supramolecular chemistry. Herein, a tetrahedral assembly with cationic faces and corners is reported that is capable of discriminating between anionic and neutral guests in water. Electrostatic repulsion between subcomponents can be overcome by the addition of an anionic template, or generating a robust covalent framework by incorporating tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN). The resultant TREN‐capped, water‐soluble, fluorescent cage binds mono‐ and poly‐phosphoric esters, including nucleotides. Its covalent skeleton renders it stable at micromolar concentrations in water, enabling the fluorometric detection of biologically relevant guests in an aqueous environment. Selective supramolecular encapsulants, such as 1, could enable new sensing applications, such as recognition of toxins and drugs, under biological conditions.
How does saliva function in planthopper–host interactions?
Authors: Huang Hai‐Jian , Zhang Chuan‐Xi , Hong Xiao‐Yue 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPlanthoppers are highly destructive pests that damage rice plants by feeding and transmitting viruses. They feed on phloem sap using specialized mouthparts and secrete saliva during feeding. Over the past decade, genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches have greatly improved our understanding of the complexity of planthopper saliva, and have provided a glimpse of planthopper–plant interactions. Here we focus on a few recent advances in planthopper saliva and discuss how salivary components influence planthopper performance. Understanding the molecular basis of saliva in planthopper–plant interactions will provide evolutionary insights, and promote the development of novel strategies for controlling agricultural pests.
Efficacy and Safety of Belimumab and Azathioprine for Maintenance of Remission in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Jayne David , Blockmans Daniel , Luqmani Raashid , Moiseev Sergey , Ji Beulah , Green Yulia , Hall Leanne , Roth David , Henderson Robert B. , Merkel Peter A. ,   BREVAS Study Collaborators
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of belimumab as adjunctive therapy to maintain remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV).MethodsIn this multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, patients with AAV (ages ≥18 years) were randomized 1:1 to receive azathioprine (2 mg/kg/day), low‐dose oral glucocorticoids (≤10 mg/day), and either intravenous belimumab (10 mg/kg) or placebo, following remission induction with rituximab or cyclophosphamide along with glucocorticoids. The primary end point was time to first protocol‐specified event (PSE), with first PSE defined as a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) of ≥6, presence of ≥1 major BVAS item, or receipt of prohibited medications for any reason, resulting in treatment failure (adjusted for ANCA type [proteinase 3 (PR3) or myeloperoxidase (MPO)], disease stage at induction, and induction regimen). Vasculitis relapse was defined as the PSE of either a BVAS activity score of ≥6 or receipt of prohibited medications for vasculitis. Changes in treatment practice led to truncation of the study population from ~300 patients to ~100 patients.ResultsThe intent‐to‐treat population totaled 105 patients with AAV, of whom 52 (40 with PR3‐ANCAs, 12 with MPO‐ANCAs) received placebo and 53 (41 with PR3‐ANCAs, 12 with MPO‐ANCAs) received belimumab; 27 of the patients were in rituximab‐induced disease remission, while 78 were in cyclophosphamide‐induced disease remission at baseline. Compared with placebo, treatment with belimumab did not reduce the risk of a PSE (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.44–2.59; P = 0.884) or vasculitis relapse (adjusted HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.29–2.65; P = 0.821). The overall rate of PSEs was low (11 [21.2%] of 52 patients receiving placebo, 10 [18.9%] of 53 patients receiving belimumab). Vasculitis relapse in the placebo group (n = 8) occurred independent of the induction regimen, disease stage, or ANCA type. All vasculitis relapses in the belimumab group (n = 6) occurred in patients who had PR3‐ANCA–associated vasculitis with cyclophosphamide‐induced disease remission. Adverse events occurred in 49 (92.5%) of 53 patients receiving belimumab and 43 (82.7%) of 52 patients receiving placebo, with no new safety concerns.ConclusionBelimumab plus azathioprine and glucocorticoids for the maintenance of remission in AAV did not reduce the risk of relapse.
Tofacitinib in Combination With Methotrexate in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Efficacy, Radiographic, and Safety Outcomes From a Twenty‐Four–Month, Phase III Study
Authors: van der Heijde Désirée , Strand Vibeke , Tanaka Yoshiya , Keystone Edward , Kremer Joel , Zerbini Cristiano A. F. , Cardiel Mario H. , Cohen Stanley , Nash Peter , Song Yeong‐Wook , Tegzová Dana , Gruben David , Wallenstein Gene , Connell Carol A. , Fleischmann Roy ,   the ORAL Scan Investigators
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveTofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The phase III, 24‐month, placebo‐controlled Oral Rheumatoid Arthritis (ORAL) Scan trial was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy, including inhibition of structural progression, and safety of tofacitinib in patients with active RA and an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX). Month 24 data from the completed study are reported here.MethodsPatients were randomized 4:4:1:1 to receive tofacitinib 5 mg or 10 mg twice daily, or placebo, switched to tofacitinib 5 mg or 10 mg twice daily, with stable background MTX. Patients receiving placebo switched to tofacitinib at month 3 (nonresponders) or month 6 (remaining patients). Clinical efficacy, structural progression, and treatment‐emergent adverse events were evaluated. Analyses were performed on the full analysis set with observed data or nonresponder imputation with no advancement penalty for clinical efficacy, and imputation by linear extrapolation for structural progression.ResultsOverall, 797 patients were treated; 539 (67.6%) completed 24 months of treatment. Responses according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria for 20% improvement (ACR20), ACR50, and ACR70; the proportion of patients in whom remission or low disease activity was achieved according to the 4‐variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, Clinical Disease Activity Index, or Simplified Disease Activity Index; Boolean remission; and Health Assessment Questionnaire disability index scores were maintained from month 12 to 24 and were similar between tofacitinib dosages. Limited structural damage was observed at months 12 and 24. Safety events were similar in type and frequency for both tofacitinib dosages, and were consistent with those previously reported.ConclusionOur findings indicate that clinical and radiographic treatment effects are sustained in months 12–24 in patients with RA receiving tofacitinib 5 mg or 10 mg twice daily plus MTX. The safety profile is consistent with that of other tofacitinib studies.
BIM im Verkehrswegebau am Beispielprojekt „Verfügbarkeitsmodell A 10/A 24“
Authors: Tschickardt Thomas , Krause Daniel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDie BIM‐basierte Methode der Projektabwicklung befindet sich aktuell im Infrastrukturbau – insbesondere in der Ausführungs‐ und Erhaltungsphase – noch in der Erprobung. Das Projekt Verfügbarkeitsmodell A 10/A 24 wurde in diesem Zusammenhang von der Deutsche Einheit Fernstraßenplanungs‐ und ‐bau GmbH (DEGES), in Vertretung des Lands Brandenburg und der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, als eines der nationalen Pilotprojekte zur Vorbereitung und Erprobung des vom Stufenplan Digitales Planen und Bauen vorgegebenen Leistungsniveaus 1 im Verkehrswegebau ausgeschrieben und vergeben. Es handelt sich um das erste Pilotprojekt, bei dem Planung, Ausführung und Erhaltung mit BIM aus einer Hand erfolgen. Das Vorhaben geht also mit einem in die operativen Prozesse integrierten BIM‐Ansatz bis in die Erhaltung über die Erfahrungen der bisherigen Pilotprojekte des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI) hinaus. Im Folgenden werden erste Erkenntnisse aus der Implementierung und Umsetzung dieses BIM‐Projekts vorgestellt.
Open versus Closed Polyaromatic Nanocavity: Enhanced Host Abilities toward Large Dyes and Pigments
Authors: Tsutsui Takahiro , Kusaba Shunsuke , Yamashina Masahiro , Akita Munetaka , Yoshizawa Michito 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHost functions of polyaromatic nanocavities were revealed by using an M2L4 molecular cage and capsule. On the basis of the previously reported M2L4 capsule with a closed polyaromatic cavity, a new M2L4 cage (as a mixture of the isomers) was prepared by the quantitative assembly of two metal ions and four desymmetrized bispyridine ligands with a single polyaromatic panel. The obtained, open nanocavity of the cage exhibited enhanced binding abilities toward large dyes and pigments in water. For example, two molecules of coumarin dyes were bound in the nanocavity and showed strong whitish emission (up to ΦF=34 %). Furthermore, metallopigments, the sizes of which are larger than the inner cavities of the cage and capsule, were bound only in the open polyaromatic nanocavity of the cage to give water‐soluble 1:1 host–guest complexes.