bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current intelligent segmentation and cooking technology in the central kitchen food processing
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Min , Sun Yanan , Wang Yu‐Chuan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe social division of labor more and more detailed, part of the agricultural products can be processed by a third‐party to solve the needs of standardization and intensification, and the central kitchen is the current trend of the high‐intensity, intensive, and repetitive catering industry. In the process of processing large quantities of food materials, standardization of catering industry's finished or semifinished products decline due to the low‐automatic degree equipment and high‐intensity labor demand, therefore high automation and intelligent processing equipment market prospects will be more broad. As a processing place for finished and semifinished dishes, central kitchen has realized partial automation in the pretreatment process of food materials. To achieve the best state of food processing, intelligent processing equipment considered as the best choice for enterprises. In this article, the segmentation and cooking process of ingredients in the central kitchen, such as water jet technology, 3D segmentation techniques, high spectral combination neural network intelligent segmentation technology, and intelligent cooking and recognition technology were reviewed, which can provide theoretical basis for cooking and catering industry to realize intelligent food processing.Practical applicationsIntelligent identification and classification of food materials is the key to improve the intelligent pretreatment of food materials in the central kitchen. Intelligent processing of fruits, vegetables, meat, and fish not only reduces the volume of equipment and makes it possible for the same equipment to cut multiple food materials, but also the processing cost is lower than that of automatic processing equipment. In addition, the combination of hyperspectral neural network control technology will also improve the intelligence of the central kitchen. Hyperspectral technology captures images of food materials through multiple sensors, and the collaborative neural network control module adaptively separates and cooks food materials, providing a basis for further improvement of industrial robots.
Situation awareness and the decision‐making processes of final‐year nursing students
Authors: Tower Marion , Watson Bernadette , Bourke Alison , Tyers Emma , Tin Anne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate final‐year nursing students' use of situation awareness when making clinical decisions about patients' progress postsurgery.BackgroundMaking clinical decisions about patient care is a generic nursing competence, developed in preregistration nursing programmes and critical to providing safe patient care. Situation awareness is an important precursor to making decisions and is linked to improved clinical outcomes. However, there is evidence to suggest that nursing students feel inadequately prepared to make clinical decisions.DesignEndsley's (Situation awareness analysis and measurement. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2000) 3‐level situation awareness framework was used to guide the study. Level 1 situation awareness is perception of information required to make a decision. Level 2 relates to comprehending the information. Level 3 situation awareness is projecting how this information will inform the future. Twelve final‐year nursing students were recruited to participate. Think‐aloud research method was used to capture students' decision‐making, followed by semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using an adapted protocol analysis and were encoded inductively. The COREQ checklist has been used in reporting the study.ResultsStudents demonstrated level 1, 2 and 3 situation awareness when making clinical decisions. However, it was not demonstrated consistently and at times subsequent decision‐making was inappropriate. Three themes emerged: “systems approach to assessment of postoperative patients”; “policy drives practice”; and “deferring decisions to registered nurses”. Within the themes, students demonstrated differing levels of situation awareness.ConclusionMaking safe clinical decisions is a paramount skill for nurses; however, student nurses are ill‐equipped to undertake this skill. Situation awareness is important in informing safe decision‐making, but students' use of situation awareness is variable. Cognitive apprenticeship, applied to supporting development of situation awareness, affords the opportunity to develop students' decision‐making.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical decision‐making is a generic competence for all registered nurses and imperative for safe practice. However, student nurses are unprepared to undertake this skill once registered.
Salient Central Lesion Volume: A Standardized Novel Fully Automated Proxy for Brain FLAIR Lesion Volume in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Dwyer Michael G. , Bergsland Niels , Ramasamy Deepa P. , Weinstock‐Guttman Bianca , Barnett Michael H. , Wang Chenyu , Tomic Davorka , Silva Diego , Zivadinov Robert 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEQuantitative neuroimaging is an important part of multiple sclerosis research and clinical trials, and measures of lesion volume (LV) and brain atrophy are key clinical trial endpoints. However, translation of these endpoints to heterogeneous historical datasets and nonstandardized clinical routine imaging has been difficult. The NeuroSTREAM technique was recently introduced as a robust and broadly applicable surrogate for brain atrophy measurement, but no such surrogate currently exists for conventional T2‐LV. Therefore, we sought to develop a fully automated proxy for T2‐LV with similar analytic value but increased robustness to common issues arising in clinical routine imaging.METHODSWe created an algorithm to identify salient central lesion volume (SCLV), comprised of the subset of lesion voxels within a specific distance to the lateral ventricles (centrality) and with intensity at least a quantitatively‐derived amount brighter than normal appearing tissue (salience). We evaluated this method on four datasets (clinical, inter‐scanner, scan‐rescan, and real‐world multi‐center), including 1.5T, 3T, Philips, Siemens, and GE scanners with heterogeneous protocols, to assess agreement with conventional T2‐LV, comparative relationship with disability, reliability across scanners and between scans, and applicability to real‐world scans.RESULTSSCLV correlated strongly with conventional T2‐LV in both research‐quality (r = .90, P < .001) and real‐world (r = 0.87, P < 0.001) datasets. It also showed similar correlations with Expanded Disability Status Scale, as conventional T2‐LV (r = 0.48 for T2‐LV vs. r = 0.45 for SCLV). Inter‐scanner reproducibility (ICC) was 0.86, p < 0.001 for SCLV compared to 0.84, p < 0.001 for conventional T2‐LV, whereas scan‐rescan ICC was 0.999 for SCLV versus 0.997 for T2‐LV.CONCLUSIONSSCLV is a robust, fully‐automated proxy for T2‐LV in situations where conventional T2‐LV is not easily or reliably calculated.
Just a click away: Action–state orientation moderates the impact of task interruptions on initiative
Authors: Birk Max V. , Mandryk Regan L. , Baumann Nicola 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe present research examines the role of individual differences in self‐regulation (i.e., demand‐related action–state orientation) on initiative to resume an interrupted task.MethodIn three studies (N1 = 208, 55% male, Mage = 33.2; N2 = 457, 62% male, Mage = 31.7; N3 = 210, 60% male, Mage = 32.6), participants were notified about a network interruption while playing a computer game. Participants could dismiss the interrupting notification by clicking a continue button or wait until the notification timed out. We manipulated demand by presenting notifications during (demand) versus after game rounds (no demand).ResultsDemand‐related action orientation was associated with higher probability to dismiss the notification during a game round, controlling for dismissal after a game round. Findings occurred when controlling for task ability and task motivation, were specific for demand‐ and not threat‐related action orientation, were complemented by shorter dismissal latencies, and were stable across interruption timeouts (Studies 1–3). Exposure through repetition resulted in adaptation (Study 3).ConclusionThe findings suggest that people with lower action orientation have less self‐regulatory ability to initiate goal‐directed action and resume interrupted tasks—even if they are just a click away. Findings are discussed within the framework of Personality Systems Interactions theory.
Revisiting interregional wage differentials: New evidence from Spain with matched employer‐employee data
Authors: Murillo Huertas Inés P. , Ramos Raúl , Simón Hipólito 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article examines wage differences across Spain's NUTS‐2 regions along the entire wage distribution based on matched employer‐employee microdata from 2006 to 2014. Unlike previous related studies, we properly control for differences in regional purchasing power parities, which are very large in practice. Although part of the raw regional wage differences observed is explained by differences between regions in productive structures, and, to a much lesser extent, in labor forces, noteworthy, very similar throughout the wage distribution regional differences net of composition effects arise even after controlling for a broad set of individual and firm characteristics.
Requirements for improving health and well‐being of children with Prader‐Willi syndrome and their families
Authors: Mackay Jessica , McCallum Zoe , Ambler Geoffrey R , Vora Komal , Nixon Gillian , Bergman Philip , Shields Nora , Milner Kate , Kapur Nitin , Crock Patricia , Caudri Daan , Curran Jaqueline , Verge Charles , Seton Chris , Tai Andrew , Tham Elaine , Musthaffa Yassmin , Lafferty Antony R , Blecher Greg , Harper Jessica , Schofield Cara , Nielsen Aleisha , Wilson Andrew , Leonard Helen , Choong Catherine S , Downs Jenny 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrader‐Willi syndrome (PWS) is a rare genetic condition with multi‐system involvement. The literature was reviewed to describe neurodevelopment and the behavioural phenotype, endocrine and metabolic disorders and respiratory and sleep functioning. Implications for child and family quality of life were explored. Challenging behaviours contribute to poorer well‐being and quality of life for both the child and caregiver. Recent evidence indicates healthy outcomes of weight and height can be achieved with growth hormone therapy and dietary restriction and should be the current target for all individuals with PWS. Gaps in the literature included therapies to manage challenging behaviours, as well as understanding the effects of growth hormone on respiratory and sleep function. New knowledge regarding the transition of children and families from schooling and paediatric health services to employment, accommodation and adult health services is also needed. Developing a national population‐based registry could address these knowledge gaps and inform advocacy for support services that improve the well‐being of individuals with PWS and their families.
Effects of Jerusalem artichoke powder on the growth performance, nonspecific immunity, and gastrointestinal microbiota of sea cucumber
Authors: Jia Chenchen , Zhu Xiaozhen , Meng Xianyao , Yi Yuetao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigated how Jerusalem artichoke powder (JAP) affected the growth, immunity, and gut microbiota of the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus Selenka. Animals were fed diets containing antibiotic (1 ppm) or five levels of JAP (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 g/kg). After the feeding trial, three sea cucumbers were sampled per tank to assay for immunity and gut microbiota composition. Dietary supplementation of 2.5 g/kg JAP significantly improved the growth rate and phenoloxidase activity of sea cucumbers. The diet containing 5 g/kg of JAP increased the survival rate and phagocytic activity, and the diet containing 15 g/kg of JAP increased the growth rate and total coelomocyte count of sea cucumbers. Moreover, exposure to antibiotics significantly changed the microbiota of sea cucumbers, while the JAP supplementation stimulated the development of microbiota communities, which could be more homogeneous. Supplementing the diets with 15 g/kg of JAP increased the growth of Rhodobacterales, and this may underlie the higher growth rate of sea cucumbers in this treatment. Considered together, our results suggest that supplementing the diet of sea cucumber with JAP may be beneficial for nonantibiotic farming of sea cucumber.
Skeletal completeness of the non‐avian theropod dinosaur fossil record
Authors: Cashmore Daniel D. , Butler Richard J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNon‐avian theropods were a highly successful clade of bipedal, predominantly carnivorous, dinosaurs. Their diversity and macroevolutionary patterns have been the subject of many studies. Changes in fossil specimen completeness through time and space can bias our understanding of macroevolution. Here, we quantify the completeness of 455 non‐avian theropod species using the skeletal completeness metric (SCM), which calculates the proportion of a complete skeleton preserved for a specimen. Temporal patterns of theropod skeletal completeness show peaks in the Carnian, Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian and Barremian–Aptian, and lows in the Berriasian and Hauterivian. Lagerstätten primarily drive the peaks in completeness and observed taxonomic diversity in the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian and the Barremian–Aptian. Theropods have a significantly lower distribution of completeness scores than contemporary sauropodomorph dinosaurs but change in completeness through time for the two groups shows a significant correlation when conservation Lagerstätten are excluded, possibly indicating that both records are primarily driven by geology and sampling availability. Our results reveal relatively weak temporal sampling biases acting on the theropod record but relatively strong spatial and environmental biases. Asia has a significantly more complete record than any other continent, the mid northern latitudes have the highest abundance of finds, and most complete theropod skeletons come from lacustrine and aeolian environments. We suggest that these patterns result from historical research focus, modern climate dynamics, and depositional transportation energy plus association with conservation Lagerstätten, respectively. Furthermore, we find possible ecological biases acting on different theropod subgroups, but body size does not influence theropod completeness on a global scale.
Botryosphaeriaceae species causing dieback on Annonaceae in Brazil
Authors: Machado A. R. , Custódio F. A. , Cabral P. G. C. , Capucho A. S. , Pereira O. L. 
Published: July 2019

In Brazil, the Annonaceae species Annona muricata, A. squamosa, A. cherimola and atemoya (a hybrid of A. cherimola and A. squamosa) are cultivated in several regions, and produce fruits that are highly appreciated by consumers and are of great economic importance. Among the several diseases that can affect these crops, dieback is one of the most important, causing damage and, in the most severe cases, death of the plants. Due to the lack of suitable diagnostic studies up to now, this work aimed to identify the Botryosphaeriaceae species that cause dieback on Annonaceae in Brazil. Based on combined phylogenetic analyses of ITS, TEF‐1α, TUB2 and RPB2, eight species of Botryosphaeriaceae were identified, namely Lasiodiplodia brasiliense, L. crassispora, L. hormozganensis, L. iraniensis, L. pseudotheobromae, L. subglobosa, L. theobromae and Pseudofusicoccum stromaticum. All species found in this study were pathogenic and caused symptoms of necrosis in stems and dieback. Thus, this study confirms species of Botryosphaeriaceae as causal agents of dieback on Annonaceae in Brazil.
Assessing Campaign Quality: Was the 2016 Election a Travesty?
Authors: Hart Roderick P. 
Published: July 2019

This article seeks to start a fresh conversation about how political campaigns are best judged. Surprisingly, there has been comparatively little research on this topic, with most scholars operating on implicit norms of what a good campaign looks like, featuring such republican criteria as ballot integrity, regime support, cognitive gains, press oversight and policy signaling. Focusing on the 2016 presidential campaign, I offer a contrarian set of criteria for judging campaign quality, including the expansion of communication networks, partisan rumination, moral interrogation, subaltern activism, economic evangelism, and more. Despite its noisiness, despite its fractiousness, I argue, the 2016 presidential campaign accomplished a great deal, but only if we look at it with fresh eyes.
Biochar impact on the estimation of the colorimetric‐based enzymatic assays of soil
Authors: Cardelli Roberto , Becagli Michelangelo , Marchini Fausto , Saviozzi Alessandro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study was carried out in order to assess the influence of biochar applications on the estimation of colorimetric‐based enzymatic assays and to verify the effectiveness of the most common methods. Since most methods used to determine enzymatic activities in the soil are based on colorimetry, biochar may absorb substrates and/or coloured products thereby distorting the analytical result. Biochar was added to two soils, with different textures and cation exchangeable capacities, at a rate of 2% (w/w), and seven enzyme activities were determined following standard methods. The biochar amendment lowered the spectrophotometer reading of the activity of FDAase and dehydrogenase in the sandy soil. In the three enzymatic activities based on p‐nitrophenol production (β‐glucosidase, phosphatase and arylsulphatase), the addition of biochar did not change the enzyme assays. The biochar led to an overestimation in terms of the protease and urease activities in the sandy soil. In the clay loamy soil, biochar did not change the response of any of the enzyme activities tested. A biochar dose of up to 2% only guarantees the effectiveness of the most common spectrophotometric methods for not excessively sandy soils.
An unreported NB‐LRR protein SUT1 is required for the autoimmune response mediated by type one protein phosphatase 4 mutation (topp4‐1) in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yan Jia , Liu Yaqiong , Huang Xiahe , Li Lang , Hu Zhihong , Zhang Jing , Qin Qianqian , Yan Longfeng , He Kai , Wang Yingchun , Hou Suiwen 
Published: July 2019

SummaryOur previous study indicates that protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is involved in plant immunity. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism, a genetic screening assay was carried out to identify suppressors of type one protein phosphatase 4 mutation (topp4‐1) (sut). Molecular and genetic approaches were used to investigate the mechanism of activation of autoimmune response in topp4‐1. We performed a map‐based cloning assay to identify the SUT1 gene, which encodes a coiled‐coil nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich‐repeat (NB‐LRR) protein (CNL). SUT1 physically interacts with TYPE ONE PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 4 (TOPP4) and topp4‐1. The mutated topp4‐1 protein activates the autoimmune response in the cytoplasm and promotes the accumulation of SUT1 at both the transcription and the protein levels. Furthermore, our genetic and physical interactions confirm that the topp4‐1‐induced autoimmune responses are probably mediated by HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 90 (HSP90) and REQUIRED FOR MLA12 RESISTANCE 1 (RAR1). This study reveals that TOPP4 phosphatase is likely guarded by SUT1 in plant immunity.
Hearing Imparied Students’ Attitudes Towards Physical Education and Sports
Authors: Dalbudak İbrahim , Yiğit ŞıhMehmet 
Published: July 2019

In this study, it was aimed to determine the attitudes and opinions of hearing impaired primary school, high school, and university students towards physical education and sports lesson according to various variables.To the study, a total of 136 students (50 females and 86 males) with hearing-impairment, who are participating physical education and sports lesson in provinces of İzmir and Muğla between 2017-2018 education year, voluntarily participated.In the study, 2-part questionnaires were applied to the students. In the first part demographic features, and in the second part “Physical Education and Sports Attitude Scale” consisting of 12 positive and 12 negative items, a total of 24, which was developed by Demirhan and Altay (2001) to measure the attitudes of the students, were used. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient was calculated as 0.93; and validity coefficient of the scale as 0.83. In the analysis of the data; frequency, and percentage distributions were used and the relationship between physical education and sports attitude scores were analyzed with correlation analysis. The t-test was used to determine the difference according to gender, sporting status, and disability status in the analyses about physical education and sports attitude scores. Besides, one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) was used to determine the difference according to educational status, branches of sports, and level of income. The obtained data was recorded by using a programme called SPSS 22.00 in silico.In this study, attitude scale scores of the physical education and sports showed a significant difference according to gender (p<0,05). Males showed a better attitude than females. It does not show a difference according to education status (p>,05). The average scores of the primary school, high school, and university students were close to each other. It showed a difference according to hearing impaired students’ sporting status (p>,05). No significant difference was found according to students’ branches of sports (p>,05). There was no significant difference according to doing individual and team sports. It was stated that there was a significant difference according to students’ level of income (p<0,05); it showed that there was a significant difference between 500-1000 and 1000-2000, and 500-1000 and over 2000. No significant difference was found according to students’ disability status (p>,05). It shows difference according to students’ having congenital or afterward disability.According to the results of the study the participation of hearing-impaired students in physical education and sports activities; show that they qualify their leisure time doing sports and exercises, physical education and sports will provide significant benefits in my life. Allocating an important time to physical education and sports activities, they create awareness in the community, representing their country in Paralympic games show that they show a positive attitude towards physical education and sports.