bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Physical Function With Driving Space and Crashes Among Older Adults
Authors: Ng Linda S , Guralnik Jack M , Man Cora , DiGuiseppi Carolyn , Strogatz David , Eby David W , Ryan Lindsay H , Molnar Lisa J , Betz Marian E , Hill Linda , Li Guohua , Crowe Christopher L , Mielenz Thelma J 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Balancing both driver mobility and safety is important for the well-being of older adults. However, research on the association of physical function with these 2 driving outcomes has yielded inconsistent findings. This study examined whether physical functioning of older drivers, as measured by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), is associated with either driving space or crash involvement.

Methods
Using cross-sectional data of active drivers aged 65–79 years from the AAA Longitudinal Research on Aging Drivers (LongROAD) study (n = 2,990), we used multivariate log-binomial and logistic regressions to estimate the associations of the SPPB with either self-reported restricted driving space in the prior 3 months or any crashes in the past year. Interaction with gender was assessed using likelihood ratio tests.

Results
After adjustment, older drivers with higher SPPB scores (higher physical functioning) had lower prevalence of restricted driving space (8–10 vs. 0–7, prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–0.99; 11–12 vs. 0–7, PR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61–0.99). Fair (8–10), but not good (11–12), scores were significantly associated with reduced crash involvement (8–10 vs. 0–7, odds ratio [OR] = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.60–0.84). Gender was not a significant effect modifier.

Discussion and Implications
This study provides evidence that higher physical functioning is associated with better driving mobility and safety and that the SPPB may be useful for identifying at-risk drivers. Further research is needed to understand physical functioning’s longitudinal effects and the SPPB’s role in older driver intervention programs.
Longitudinal Analysis of Infant Stool Bacteria Communities Before and After Acute Febrile Malaria and Artemether-Lumefantrine Treatment
Authors: Mandal Rabindra K , Crane Rosie J , Berkley James A , Gumbi Wilson , Wambua Juliana , Ngoi Joyce Mwongeli , Ndungu Francis M , Schmidt Nathan W 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Gut microbiota were recently shown to impact malaria disease progression and outcome, and prior studies have shown that Plasmodium infections increase the likelihood of enteric bacteria causing systemic infections. Currently, it is not known whether Plasmodium infection impacts human gut microbiota as a prelude to bacteremia or whether antimalarials affect gut microbiota. Our goal was to determine to what degree Plasmodium infections and antimalarial treatment affect human gut microbiota.

Methods
One hundred Kenyan infants underwent active surveillance for malaria from birth to 10 months of age. Each malaria episode was treated with artemether-lumefantrine (AL). Any other treatments, including antibiotics, were recorded. Stool samples were collected on an approximately biweekly basis. Ten children were selected on the basis of stool samples having been collected before (n = 27) or after (n = 17) a malaria episode and without antibiotics having been administered between collections. These samples were subjected to 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing.

Results
Bacterial community network analysis revealed no obvious differences in the before and after malaria/AL samples, which was consistent with no difference in alpha and beta diversity and taxonomic analysis at the family and genus level with one exception. At the sequence variant (SV) level, akin to bacterial species, only 1 of the top 100 SVs was significantly different. In addition, predicted metagenome analysis revealed no significant difference in metagenomic capacity between before and after malaria/AL samples. The number of malaria episodes, 1 versus 2, explained significant variation in gut microbiota composition of the infants.

Conclusions
In-depth bioinformatics analysis of stool bacteria has revealed for the first time that human malaria episode/AL treatment have minimal effects on gut microbiota in Kenyan infants.
Reply to comment on: “Deep learning for pharmacovigilance: recurrent neural network architectures for labeling adverse drug reactions in Twitter posts”
Authors: Cocos Anne , Fiks Alexander G , Masino Aaron J 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We appreciate the detailed review provided by Magge et al1 of our article, “Deep learning for pharmacovigilance: recurrent neural network architectures for labeling adverse drug reactions in Twitter posts.” 2 In their letter, they present a subjective criticism that rests on concerns about our dataset composition and potential misinterpretation of comparisons to existing methods. Our article underwent two rounds of extensive peer review and has been cited 28 times1 in the nearly 2 years since it was published online (February 2017). Neither the reviewers nor the citing authors raised similar concerns. There are, however, portions of the commentary that highlight areas of our work that would benefit from further clarification.
One Hundred Mitochondrial Genomes of Cicadas
Authors: Łukasik Piotr , Chong Rebecca A , Nazario Katherine , Matsuura Yu , Bublitz De Anna C , Campbell Matthew A , Meyer Mariah C , Van Leuven James T , Pessacq Pablo , Veloso Claudio , Simon Chris , McCutcheon John P 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMitochondrial genomes can provide valuable information on the biology and evolutionary histories of their host organisms. Here, we present and characterize the complete coding regions of 107 mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadoidea), representing 31 genera, 61 species, and 83 populations. We show that all cicada mitogenomes retain the organization and gene contents thought to be ancestral in insects, with some variability among cicada clades in the length of a region between the genes nad2 and cox1, which encodes 3 tRNAs. Phylogenetic analyses using these mitogenomes recapitulate a recent 5-gene classification of cicadas into families and subfamilies, but also identify a species that falls outside of the established taxonomic framework. While protein-coding genes are under strong purifying selection, tests of relative evolutionary rates reveal significant variation in evolutionary rates across taxa, highlighting the dynamic nature of mitochondrial genome evolution in cicadas. These data will serve as a useful reference for future research into the systematics, ecology, and evolution of the superfamily Cicadoidea.
Mean Platelet Volume, Platelet Distribution Width, and Platelet Count, in Connection with Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Essential Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lee Eunyup , Kim Miyoung , Jeon Kibum , Lee Jiwon , Lee Jee-Soo , Kim Han-Sung , Kang Hee Jung , Lee Young Kyung 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the kinetic characteristics of platelet (PLT) destruction and thrombopoiesis by using mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW).MethodsUsing the ADVIA2120i instrument, we measured PLT counts, MPV, and PDW in 153 healthy individuals, 35 patients with immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and 48 patients with essential thrombocytopenia (ET).ResultsIn the ITP group, the MPV and PDW were higher than those values in healthy individuals. In the ET group, the MPV was lower than in the ITP group and in healthy individuals, and the PDW was lower than in the ITP group. When the ITP group was subdivided (PLT counts <45 × 103/µL vs ≥ 45 × 103/µL), the MPV and PDW tended to be higher in patients with PLT counts less than 45 × 103 per µL. When patients with ET were subdivided (PLT counts <770 × 103/µL vs ≥770 × 103/µL), the MPV and PDW were lower in patients with PLT count of 770 or greater × 103 per µL.ConclusionsIn ITP, the overall PLT composition varies, and PLT sequestration is nondiscriminatory. In ET, PLTs quickly shrink and remain small, resulting in a high proportion of small-sized PLTs.
Predictors of Time to Effective and Optimal Antimicrobial Therapy in Patients With Positive Blood Cultures Identified via Molecular Rapid Diagnostic Testing
Authors: Beganovic Maya , Timbrook Tristan T , Wieczorkiewicz Sarah M 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs integrated with rapid diagnostic tests optimize patient outcomes and reduce time to effective therapy (TTET) and time to optimal therapy (TTOT). This study identifies predictors of TTET and TTOT among patients with positive blood cultures and identifies limitations to current TTOT definitions and outcomes.
Preoperative Long-Acting Opioid Use Is Associated with Increased Length of Stay and Readmission Rates After Elective Surgeries
Authors: Doan Lisa V , Wang Jing , Padjen Kristoffer , Gover Adam , Rashid Jawad , Osmani Bijan , Avraham Shirley , Kendale Samir 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectives To compare postoperative outcomes in patients prescribed long-acting opioids vs opioid-naïve patients who underwent elective noncardiac surgeries.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting Single urban academic institution.Methods and Subjects We retrospectively compared postoperative outcomes in long-acting opioid users vs opioid-naïve patients who underwent elective noncardiac surgeries. Inpatient and ambulatory surgery cohorts were separately analyzed. Preoperative medication lists were queried for the presence of long-acting opioids or absence of opioids. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to analyze the impact of long-acting opioid use on readmission rate, respiratory failure, and adverse cardiac events. Multivariable zero-truncated negative binomial regression was used to examine length of stay.Results After exclusions, there were 93,644 adult patients in the study population, 23,605 of whom underwent inpatient surgeries and 70,039 of whom underwent ambulatory surgeries. After adjusting for potential confounders and inpatient surgeries, preoperative long-acting opioid use was associated with increased risk of prolonged length of stay (incidence rate ratio = 1.1, 99% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0–1.2, P &lt; 0.01) but not readmission. For ambulatory surgeries, preoperative long-acting opioid use was associated with increased risk of all-cause as well as pain-related readmission (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, 99% CI = 1.5–2.9, P &lt; 0.001; OR = 2.0, 99% CI = 0.85–4.2, P = 0.02, respectively). There were no significant differences for respiratory failure or adverse cardiac events.Conclusions The use of preoperative long-acting opioids was associated with prolonged length of stay for inpatient surgeries and increased risk of all-cause and pain-related readmission for ambulatory surgeries. Timely interventions for patients on preoperative long-acting opioids may be needed to improve these outcomes.
Mild-to-moderate sleep apnea is associated with incident hypertension: age effect
Authors: Vgontzas Alexandros N , Li Yun , He Fan , Fernandez-Mendoza Julio , Gaines Jordan , Liao Duanping , Basta Maria , Bixler Edward O 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Study Objectives
Mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in the general population; however, previous studies on its association with incident hypertension are mixed. We examined the association between mild and moderate OSA and incident hypertension in a large random general population sample.

Methods
From 1741 adults of the Penn State Cohort, 744 adults without hypertension or severe OSA (i.e. apnea/hypopnea index [AHI] ≥ 30 events/hour) were followed-up after 9.2 years. Mild OSA was defined as an AHI of 5 to 14.9 events/hour (n = 71), while moderate OSA as an AHI of 15 to 29.9 events/hour (n = 32). Incident hypertension was defined by a self-report of receiving antihypertensive medication and/or history of a diagnosis since their baseline study.

Results
After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, mild-to-moderate OSA was significantly associated with increased risk of incident hypertension (overall hazard ratio [HR] = 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.96–4.41; HR = 3.24, 95% CI = 2.08–5.03 for mild OSA and HR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.10–4.50 for moderate OSA). Importantly, this association was modified by age (p-interaction &lt; 0.05); while strong in young and middle-aged adults (HR = 3.62, 95% CI = 2.34–5.60), the association was lost in adults older than 60 years (HR = 1.36 95% CI = 0.50–3.72). Furthermore, the association of mild-to-moderate OSA with components of metabolic syndrome was strongest in young and middle-aged adults.

Conclusions
Mild-to-moderate OSA, even when asymptomatic, is associated with increased risk of incident hypertension, but the strength of association significantly decreases with age. Although older participants with asymptomatic mild-to-moderate OSA are not at significant risk of developing hypertension, early detection and intervention, including improving metabolic indices, is especially warranted in young and middle-aged adults.
Strengthening the Interaction of the Virology Community with the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) by Linking Virus Names and Their Abbreviations to Virus Species
Authors: Calisher Charles H , Briese Thomas , Brister J Rodney , Charrel Rémi N , Dürrwald Ralf , Ebihara Hideki , Fulhorst Charles F , Gāo George Fú , Groschup Martin H , Haddow Andrew D , Hyndman Timothy H , Junglen Sandra , Klempa Boris , Klingström Jonas , Kropinski Andrew M , Krupovic Mart , LaBeaud A Desiree , Maes Piet , Nowotny Norbert , Nunes Márcio Roberto Teixeira , Payne Susan L , Radoshitzky Sheli R , Rubbenstroth Dennis , Sabanadzovic Sead , Sasaya Takahide , Stenglein Mark D , Varsani Arvind , Wahl Victoria , Weaver Scott C , Zerbini Francisco Murilo , Vasilakis Nikos , Kuhn Jens H 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is tasked with classifying viruses into taxa (phyla to species) and devising taxon names. Virus names and virus name abbreviations are currently not within the ICTV’s official remit and are not regulated by an official entity. Many scientists, medical/veterinary professionals, and regulatory agencies do not address evolutionary questions nor are they concerned with the hierarchical organization of the viral world, and therefore, have limited use for ICTV-devised taxa. Instead, these professionals look to the ICTV as an expert point source that provides the most current taxonomic affiliations of viruses of interests to facilitate document writing. These needs are currently unmet as an ICTV-supported, easily searchable database that includes all published virus names and abbreviations linked to their taxa is not available. In addition, in stark contrast to other biological taxonomic frameworks, virus taxonomy currently permits individual species to have several members. Consequently, confusion emerges among those who are not aware of the difference between taxa and viruses, and because certain well-known viruses cannot be located in ICTV publications or be linked to their species. In addition, the number of duplicate names and abbreviations has increased dramatically in the literature. To solve this conundrum, the ICTV could mandate listing all viruses of established species and all reported unclassified viruses in forthcoming online ICTV Reports and create a searchable webpage using this information. The International Union of Microbiology Societies could also consider changing the mandate of the ICTV to include the nomenclature of all viruses in addition to taxon considerations. With such a mandate expansion, official virus names and virus name abbreviations could be catalogued and virus nomenclature could be standardized. As a result, the ICTV would become an even more useful resource for all stakeholders in virology.
Strategy to blend leftover finisher feed to nursery pigs in a wean-to-finish production system1
Authors: Wu Fangzhou , Coble Kyle F , Hastad Chad W , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Dritz Steve S , Goodband Robert D 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In wean-to-finish pig production, leftover finisher feed from the previous group is commonly blended with nursery diets as weanling pigs enter the facility. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate feeding the last finisher diet to nursery pigs. The timing (phase) and dose were evaluated. Each experiment used 1,260 pigs from two commercial research rooms with 21 pigs per pen and 30 pens per room (15 pens per treatment). Pigs were fed commercial nursery diets in a five-phase feeding program, and phase changes were based on a feed budget. In experiment 1, pens of pigs (initially 5.83 kg) were blocked by body weight, gender, and room and allotted to one of four treatments. Treatments included standard nursery diets throughout (control) or standard diets with 2.5 kg/pig of the last finisher feed blended at the beginning of phase 2, 3, or 4. Growth responses during the intermediate periods were promptly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) once the finisher feed was introduced regardless of phase in which it was blended. However, during the overall nursery period, blending the finisher diet into phase 2 decreased (P &lt; 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), but did not affect gain:feed ratio (G:F), compared with control pigs or those that had blended diet in phase 4 with blending of phase 3 diet intermediate. In experiment 2, weaned pigs were fed common phase 1 and 2 diets before the start of the experiment. At the beginning of phase 3, pens of pigs (initially 10.6 kg) were blocked by body weight and room and allotted to one of four treatments. Treatments consisted of a dose-titration of blending increasing amounts of finisher feed (0, 1.25, 2.50, and 3.75 kg/pig) into the phase 3 nursery diet. Overall, blending increasing amounts of the last finisher feed with phase 3 nursery diet decreased ADG (linear, P = 0.050) and tended to decrease (linear, P &lt; 0.07) ADFI and final body weight. However, there was no evidence for difference in overall G:F. In conclusion, blending finisher feed into the early nursery diets decreased overall ADG and ADFI; however, pigs greater than 11 kg had improved ability to compensate for the negative effects of blending the last finisher feed on overall growth performance. Nevertheless, increasing the amounts of finisher feed fed to 11-kg pigs from 0 to 3.75 kg/pig resulted in a linear decrease in overall ADG and ADFI. Economic analysis indicated no change in income-over-feed-cost due to the timing and dose of blending finisher feed into nursery diets.
Wireless Physical Activity Monitor Use Among Adults Living With HIV: A Scoping Review
Authors: Dagenais Matthieu , Cheng Darren , Salbach Nancy M. , Brooks Dina , O'Brien Kelly K. 
Published: December 2018

Introduction:
Physical activity (PA) can help promote healthy aging while addressing health-related challenges experienced with HIV infection. To determine the benefits of PA or consequences of inactivity, it is critical to ensure that we have accurate ways of measuring PA in the context of HIV infection. Wireless physical activity monitors (WPAMs) are increasingly used for measuring PA; however, evidence of their use in the context of HIV infection is unclear. Our aim was to characterize the literature (nature and extent and gaps in evidence) pertaining to WPAM use among adults living with HIV.

Methods:
We conducted a scoping review using the Arskey and O'Malley framework. We answered the following question: “What is the nature and extent of evidence pertaining to WPAMs and their use among adults living with HIV?” We searched databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane, and PsycINFO from 1980 to September 2016. Two authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts, followed by full texts for inclusion. Two authors independently piloted and then extracted data from included articles. We described characteristics of included studies using frequencies and medians and collated results from text data using content analytical techniques.

Results:
Our search strategy yielded 1315 citations, of which 25 articles were included. The majority of articles (76%) were published between 2011 and 2016. Among a total sample of 1212 adults living with HIV in the included studies, 56% were women. Across the 20 studies, 23 WPAMs were used including actigraphs (n = 10 WPAMs), accelerometers (n = 8), and pedometers (n = 5) to measure PA. WPAMs were used primarily as an outcome measure of PA. No included studies assessed measurement properties of WPAMs among adults living with HIV.

Conclusion:
WPAM use in the context of HIV infection primarily involved measuring PA. Areas to address in future research include examining the effectiveness of WPAMs for enhancing PA and assessing measurement properties of WPAMs to ensure they accurately assess PA among adults living with HIV.
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic secondary visceral pain
Authors: Aziz Qasim , Giamberardino Maria Adele , Barke Antonia , Korwisi Beatrice , Baranowski Andrew P. , Wesselmann Ursula , Rief Winfried , Treede Rolf-Detlef ,   The IASP Taskforce for the Classification of Chronic Pain
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Chronic visceral pain is a frequent and disabling condition. Despite high prevalence and impact, chronic visceral pain is not represented in ICD-10 in a systematic manner. Chronic secondary visceral pain is chronic pain secondary to an underlying condition originating from internal organs of the head or neck region or of the thoracic, abdominal, or pelvic regions. It can be caused by persistent inflammation, by vascular mechanisms or by mechanical factors. The pain intensity is not necessarily fully correlated with the disease process, and the chronic visceral pain may persist beyond successful treatment of the underlying cause. This article describes how a new classification of chronic secondary visceral pain is intended to facilitate the diagnostic process and to enable the collection of accurate epidemiological data. Furthermore, it is hoped that the new classification will improve the tailoring of patient-centered pain treatment of chronic secondary visceral pain and stimulate research. Chronic secondary visceral pain should be distinguished from chronic primary visceral pain states that are considered diseases in their own right.
The IASP classification of chronic pain for ICD-11: chronic cancer-related pain
Authors: Bennett Michael I. , Kaasa Stein , Barke Antonia , Korwisi Beatrice , Rief Winfried , Treede Rolf-Detlef ,   The IASP Taskforce for the Classification of Chronic Pain
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Worldwide, the prevalence of cancer is rising and so too is the number of patients who survive their cancer for many years thanks to the therapeutic successes of modern oncology. One of the most frequent and disabling symptoms of cancer is pain. In addition to the pain caused by the cancer, cancer treatment may also lead to chronic pain. Despite its importance, chronic cancer-related pain is not represented in the current International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). This article describes the new classification of chronic cancer-related pain for ICD-11. Chronic cancer-related pain is defined as chronic pain caused by the primary cancer itself or metastases (chronic cancer pain) or its treatment (chronic postcancer treatment pain). It should be distinguished from pain caused by comorbid disease. Pain management regimens for terminally ill cancer patients have been elaborated by the World Health Organization and other international bodies. An important clinical challenge is the longer term pain management in cancer patients and cancer survivors, where chronic pain from cancer, its treatment, and unrelated causes may be concurrent. This article describes how a new classification of chronic cancer-related pain in ICD-11 is intended to help develop more individualized management plans for these patients and to stimulate research into these pain syndromes.