bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACC to Dorsal Medial Striatum Inputs Modulate Histaminergic Itch Sensation
Authors: Lu Yu-Chen , Wang Yu-Jun , Lu Bin , Chen Ming , Zheng Ping , Liu Jing-Gen 
Published: March 2018

Itch is an unpleasant sensation that initiates scratching behavior. The itch–scratch reaction is a complex phenomenon that implicates supraspinal structures required for regulation of sensory, emotional, cognitive, and motivational aspects. However, the central mechanisms underlying the processing of itch and the interplay of the supraspinal regions and spinal cord in regulating itch–scratch processes are poorly understood. Here, we have shown that the neural projections from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to dorsal medial striatum (DMS) constitute a critical circuit element for regulating itch-related behaviors in the brains of male C57BL/6J mice. Moreover, we demonstrate that ACC-DMS projections selectively modulate histaminergic, but not nonhistaminergic, itch-related behavior. Furthermore, photoactivation of ACC-DMS projections has also no significant effects on pain behavior induced by thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimuli except for a relief on inflammatory pain evoked by formalin and complete Freund's adjuvant. We further demonstrate that the dorsal spinal cord exerts an inhibitory effect on itch signal from ACC-DMS projections through B5-I neurons, which represent a population of spinal inhibitory interneurons that mediate the inhibition of itch. Therefore, this study presents the first evidence that the ACC-DMS projections modulate histaminergic itch-related behavior and reveals an interplay between the supraspinal and spinal levels in histaminergic itch regulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study reveals that the projections from anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to dorsal medial striatum (DMS) constitute a supraspinal circuit for modulation of histaminergic, but not nonhistaminergic, itch. Manipulation of ACC-DMS projections has no effect on acute pain sensation. Furthermore, the dorsal spinal cord exerts an inhibitory effect on itch signal from ACC-DMS projections through B5-I neurons. Understanding the supraspinal itch circuits is of great significance in the development of new therapies for chronic itch-related intractable diseases.
ANALISIS FOSIL FORAMINIFERA PADA SEDIMEN LAUT DI SELAT MAKASSAR SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR PALEO-TEMPERATUR PERMUKAAN AIR LAUT
Authors: Sholihah Ghina Aghniatus 
Published: March 2018

Perubahan kondisi suhu permukaan air laut berlangsung dari masa lampau hingga saat ini. Informasi tentang perubahan tersebut dapat diperoleh dari fosil foraminifera yang terendapkan dalam sedimen laut. Struktur tubuh foraminifera yang sederhana, sebarannya yang luas serta kemampuannya yang tinggi dalam merespon perubahan lingkungan menjadikan foraminifera berpotensi sebagai bioindikator paleotemperatur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis foraminifera sebagai bioindikator paleotemperatur. Pengambilan sampel fosil foraminifera pada sedimen laut di Selat Makassar dilakukan pada dua stasiun kemudian diidentifikasi sampai tingkat spesies. Data foraminifera yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan grafik terhadap kelimpahan individu dan jumlah spesies foraminifera untuk selanjutnya dianalisis jenis yang merupakan bioindikator paleotemperatur. Hasil identifikasi ditemukan 60 spesies foraminifera dari sejumlah 599.759 individu terdiri dari 32 spesies foraminifera bentonik dan 28 spesies foraminifera planktonik. Hasil analisis data foraminifera memperlihatkan bahwa Globigerinoides rubra dan Globigerinoides sacculifera dapat digunakan sebagai bioindikator paleotemperatur permukaaan air laut yaitu. Berdasarkan analisis foraminifera tersebut menunjukkan bahwa suhu permukaan air laut di Selat Makassar pada masa lampau lebih tinggi dibandingkan saat ini.
Robinson, Simon. 2017. 'The Spirituality of Responsibility: Fethullah Gülen and Islamic Thought'. London: Bloomsbury. 210pp. ISBN: 978-1-3500-0928 £85.00 (hbk); ISBN: 978-1-3500-0931-8 £26.09 (ePDF); ISBN: 978-1-3500-0930-1 £26.09 (ePub).
Authors: Forsberg Clyde 
Published: March 2018

Robinson, Simon. 2017. The Spirituality of Responsibility: Fethullah Gülen and Islamic Thought. London: Bloomsbury. 210pp. ISBN: 978-1-3500-0928 £85.00 (hbk); ISBN: 978-1-3500-0931-8 £26.09 (ePDF); ISBN: 978-1-3500-0930-1 £26.09 (ePub).
Neonikotinoidler ile İnsan Lenfositlerinde Genotoksisitenin Uyarılması
Authors: Kızılet Halit , Uysal Handan 
Published: March 2018

Bu çalışmada, neonikotinoid grubu
insektisitlerden imidakloprid (İMİ) ve asetamiprid (ASE)’in genotoksik etkileri
insane peripheral lenfosit
hücrelerinde Kardeş Kromatid Değişim
Testi (KKD) ile araştırılmıştır. Bu maddelerin olası genotoksik etkilerinin
giderilebilmesi için de Portulaca oleracea
L. (Semizotu) bitkisine ait su ve methanol ekstreleri kullanılmıştır. İnsektisitlere
ait genotoksisitenin belirlenmesi amacıyla kültür ortamına farklı konsantrasyonlarda
İMİ (50, 100, 250 ve 500 ppm) ve ASE (25, 50, 100 ve 250 ppm) insektisitleri ilave
edilmiştir.Yapılan incelemeler sonucu, her iki insektisitin artan konsantrasyonuna
bağlı olarak tüm uygulama gruplarında KKD frekansında artış gözlenmiştir
(P&lt;0,05). Ancak semizotu bitkisinin su (POsu) ve methanol (POmet)
ekstreleri, insektisitlerin en yüksek uygulama grupları (İMİ:500ppm ve ASE:250ppm)
ile birlikte (1:1/v:v) uygulandığı zaman KKD frekansının azaldığı ve bunun da
istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu bulunmuştur (P&lt;0,05). Elde edilen bu bulgulara göre kardeş
kromatit değişiminde gözlenen artış, genetik materyalde oluşan hasarın
bir göstergesi olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca POmet ve POsu
ile bu hasarların azaltılması da semizotunun antigenotoksik bir ajan
olabileceğini göstermektedir.
PENERAPAN JARINGAN SARAF TIRUAN DALAM MEMPREDIKSI JUMLAH KEMISKINAN PADA KABUPATEN/KOTA DI PROVINSI RIAU
Authors: Wanto Anjar 
Published: March 2018

<p><em>Provinsi Riau yang kaya akan Sumber Daya Alam ternyata tidak sebanding dengan jumlah penduduk miskin yang menempati di sejumlah kabupaten/kota di Riau. Contohnya seperti pada tahun 2013 terdapat ± 68.600 penduduk miskin di kabupaten Kampar, atau merupakan yang tertinggi dibandingkan kabupaten/kota lainnya. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan langkah-langkah strategis agar jumlah penduduk miskin tidak bertambah sepanjang tahun, salah satu nya adalah dengan melakukan prediksi jumlah penduduk miskin untuk tahun-tahun selanjutnya. Cara ini dilakukan agar angka kemiskinan bisa semakin ditekan dengan cara melakukan penganggulangan sejak dini. Data yang akan diprediksi adalah data jumlah kemiskinan kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Riau yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Riau tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2015. Algoritma yang digunakan untuk melakukan prediksi adalah jaringan saraf tiruan Backpropagation. Algoritma ini memiliki kemampuan untuk mengingat dan membuat generalisasi dari apa yang sudah ada sebelumnya. Ada 5 model arsitektur yang digunakan pada algoritma backpropagation ini, antara lain 4-2-5-1 yang nanti nya akan menghasilkan prediksi dengan tingkat akurasi 8%, 4-5-6-1=25%, 4-10-12-1=92%, 4-10-15-1=100% dan 4-15-18-1=33%. Arsitektur terbaik dari ke 5 model ini adalah 4-10-12-1 dengan tingkat keakurasian mencapai 100% dan tingkat error yang digunakan 0,001-0,05. Sehingga model arsitektur ini cukup baik digunakan untuk memprediksi jumlah kemiskinan. </em><br /> <br /><em><strong>Keywords</strong>: Penerapan, Jaringan Saraf Tiruan, Backpropagation, Prediksi, Kemiskinan</em></p><p><em>Riau is rich in Natural Resources is not comparable with the number of poor people who occupy in a number of districts/cities in Riau. For example, in 2013 there were ± 68,600 poor people in Kampar district, or the highest compared to other districts. Therefore, strategic steps are needed so that the number of poor people will not increase throughout the year, one of them is to predict the number of poor people for the next years. This way is done so that the poverty rate can be further suppressed by doing the countermeasures early on. The data to be predicted is the data of the number of poverty districts/cities in Riau Province sourced from the Central Bureau of Statistics of Riau Province in 2010 until 2015. Algorithm used to make prediction is the Backpropagation. This algorithm has the ability to remember and make generalizations of what has been there before. There are 5 architectural models, among others 4-2-5-1 which later will produce predictions with an accuracy rate of 8%, 4-56-1=25%, 4-10-12-1=92%, 4-10-15-1=100% and 4-15-18-1=33%. The best architecture of the 5 models is 4-10-12-1 with 100% accuracy and error rate of 0.001-0.05. So this model of architecture is good enough used to predict the amount of poverty. </em></p><p><em><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: Implementation, Artificial Neural Network, Backpropagation, Prediction, Poverty</em></p>
PERANCANGAN WEBSITE PROMOSI WISATA DAN RENTAL MOBIL PADA BINTAN INTERNAL RENTAL
Authors: Azwanti Nurul 
Published: March 2018

<p><em>Bintan Island is an island that has a strategic location and has a tourist beauty. The name of Bintan island itself is not widely known because Bintan Island is among hundreds of islands located in Kepulauan Riau. Enterprises to introduce tourism on the island of Bintan can affect the arrival of tourists, the more tourists who come will certainly play an important role on revenue and development of an area. In addition, Bintan Internal Rental which is a travel company that provides car rental services perform various promotional efforts and rentals. The way it is done such as spreading brochures, business cards and promotions from social media is still considered less effective considering the company is still not known in general. The development of information technology requires every company to be able to improve the quality of its performance in an effort to face the increasingly rapid global competition. Therefore it takes a website as an online company identity to be known and communicate with potential customers, so it can compete with other companies that are in the field of travel or rental services. With the use of this website is expected to provide information and promotions to visitors to the website to recognize Bintan Island, moreover the objects of tourism. Provides convenience to connect directly with the Bintan Internal Rental if you want to do a car rental.</em></p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong>: promotion, rent, UML, website </em></p><p><em>Pulau Bintan merupakan pulau yang memiliki lokasi strategis dan memiliki keindahan wisata. Nama pulau Bintan sendiri belum dikenal secara luas karena pulau Bintan berada diantara ratusan pulau yang berada di Kepulauan Riau. Usaha mengenalkan wisata di Pulau Bintan dapat mempengaruhi kedatangan wisatawan, semakin banyak wisatawan yang datang tentunya akan berperan penting terhadap pendapatan dan pembangunan suatu daerah. Selain itu, Bintan Internal Rental yang merupakan sebuah perusahaan travel yang menyediakan jasa rental mobil melakukan berbagai upaya promosi wisata dan rental. Adapun cara yang dilakukan seperti menyebar brosur, kartu nama dan promosi dari media sosial dirasa masih kurang efektif mengingat perusahaan tersebut masih belum dikenal secara umum. Perkembangan teknologi informasi mengharuskan setiap perusahaan untuk dapat meningkatkan kualitas kinerjanya dalam upaya menghadapi persaingan global yang semakin pesat. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan suatu website sebagai identitas perusahaan dimedia online untuk dapat dikenal dan berkomunikasi dengan calon pelanggannya, sehingga dapat bersaing dengan perusahaan lain yang berada di bidang jasa travel atau rental. Dengan penggunaan website ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi dan promosi kepada pengunjung website untuk mengenal Pulau Bintan, terlebih lagi terhadap objek-objek wisatanya. Memberikan kemudahan untuk terhubung langsung dengan pihak Bintan Internal Rental jika ingin melakukan rental mobil. </em></p><p><em><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: promosi, rental, UML, website</em></p>
Landmark Technique for a Wrist Block
Authors: Kocheta Alex , Agrawal Yuvraj 
Published: March 2018

Effective anesthesia of the hand and wrist has many uses inside and outside the operating room. In the emergency department or fracture clinic, a wrist block may be used for closed reductions of dislocations and fractures or for effective inspection and treatment of wounds. In the operating room, surgery may be carried out under a wrist block alone or a wrist block may be used as an adjunct to general anesthesia as the block is an opiate-sparing option to facilitate outpatient surgery and to provide many hours of postoperative analgesia, particularly if administered prior to the commencement of surgery.
The landmark technique for distal peripheral nerve blocks at the wrist is a well-recognized method and is described for the median nerve, ulnar nerve, superficial branch of the radial nerve, and dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. To make this technique more effective for carpal surgery, blocks of the posterior interosseous and anterior interosseous nerves are added.Step 1: The patient is counseled about the procedure and the expected outcomes.Step 2: Drug allergies are checked.Step 3: The maximum safe dose of the chosen local anesthetic agent is calculated using the weight of the patient.Step 4: The drug ampules are checked for the name and concentration of the drug as well as the expiration date.Step 5: The drug is drawn up into a 10-mL syringe, and a needle is fitted for injection.Step 6: For each of the 6 nerves to be blocked, the anatomical landmarks are identified along with surrounding structures at risk.Step 7: The skin is prepared with an antiseptic agent.Step 8: The nerve block injections are administered using the techniques in the accompanying video, while checking that there are no signs of intraneural or intravascular injection.

The landmark technique for wrist block is an effective method in the situations described above. However, there are occasional failures to provide sufficient analgesia as with all peripheral nerve block techniques. There is a possibility of intraneural injection, which must be avoided. There is also a risk of direct nerve fascicular injury with the needle, which therefore requires a thoughtful technique. There is little if any motor block, which makes the technique particularly suitable when intraoperative active motion is required or when physiotherapy is started directly postoperatively. The technique is very rapid to administer, and it does not require any equipment other than a syringe and needle, making it very inexpensive and suitable for austere environments.
LIKUIDITAS, FINANCIAL LEVERAGE, DAN PREDIKTABILITAS BETA: PENDEKATAN FOWLER AND RORKE SEBAGAI METODE KOREKSI BETA
Authors: Yusra Irdha , Hadya Rizka , Fernandes Joni 
Published: March 2018

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em></em></strong><em>Mergers and acquisitions (MA) is one method of doing business combinations</em><em> </em><em>(Novaliza &amp; Djajanti, 2013; Ramadhariyansyah &amp; Suwitho, 2013; Setiawan, 2013; Sukartha, 2013)</em><em>. This study aims to determine the predictability of stock’s beta listed on the Stock Exchange after the successful MA. Furthermore, this study is also to examine the effect of liquidity and financial leverage to Beta Stocks in companies listed on the Stock Exchange after MA. The Fowler and Rorke methods are used to correct the beta. The analysis method used is one sample t-test and multiple linear regression. The beta value of 0.79 is significant at the 5% level (2.86 &gt; 2.13). The result indicated that the beta value has the ability to minimize the risk (predictable). Liquidity and Financial Leverage have no significant effect on Beta Stocks.</em></p><p align="center"><strong><em>Abstra</em></strong><strong><em>k</em></strong></p><p align="center"><em>Merger dan akuisisi (MA) merupakan salah satu cara dalam melakukan penggabungan bisnis </em><em>(Novaliza &amp; Djajanti, 2013; Ramadhariyansyah &amp; Suwitho, 2013; Setiawan, 2013; Sukartha, 2013)</em><em>. </em><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prediktabilitas beta saham yang tercatat di Bursa Efek setelah MA. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini juga untuk menguji pengaruh likuiditas dan financial leverage terhadap Beta saham pada perusahaan yang tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia setelah MA. Metode Fowler dan Rorke digunakan untuk mengkoreksi beta. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah one sample t-test dan multiple linear regression. Nilai beta sebesar 0,79 adalah signifikan pada tingkat 5% (2,86 &gt; 2,13). Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa nilai beta memiliki kemampuan untuk meminimalkan risiko (predictable). Likuiditas dan Financial Leverage tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Beta Stocks.</em></p><p> </p><p><em><br /></em></p>
Comments by the Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association on the International Monitoring Group Consultation, Strengthening the Governance and Oversight of the International Audit-Related Standard-Setting Boards in the Public Interest
Authors: Dickins Denise , Doxey Marcus M. , Geiger Marshall A. , Nolder Christine , Roush Pamela B. 
Published: March 2018

SUMMARY
On November 9, 2017, the Monitoring Group (MG) overseeing international auditing standards issued a request for comment on its consultation paper (CP), Strengthening the Governance and Oversight of the International Audit-Related Standard-Setting Boards in the Public Interest. The CP presents a broad array of proposals to reform and restructure the three current auditing standard-setting groups it oversees (International Accounting and Assurance Standards Board [IAASB], International Ethics Standards Board for Accountants [IESBA], and International Accounting Education Standards Board [IAESB]). The CP suggests combining the three boards into a single board, and solicited public comment on the following areas: (1) key areas of overall concern, (2) guiding principles, (3) options for reform of the standard-setting boards, (4) options for the Public Interest Oversight Board (PIOB), (5) role of the monitoring group, (6) administration, including Standard-Setting Board staff, (7) process considerations, and (8) funding. The comment period ended on February 9, 2018. This commentary summarizes the participating committee members' views on selected questions for respondents posed by the MG.
Data Availability: The concept release, including questions for respondents, is available at: https://www.iosco.org/library/pubdocs/pdf/IOSCOPD586.pdf
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Prediabetes in Patients Infected With HIV
Authors: Arafath Syed , Campbell Tavajay , Yusuff Jameela , Sharma Roopali 
Published: March 2018

Background
The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has resulted in a dramatic decrease in morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. Components of HAART (e.g., protease inhibitors and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors), as well as HIV infection itself, can have significant effects on developing new-onset diabetes. The goals of this study were to determine the prevalence of prediabetes and to assess risk factors associated with prediabetes in a cohort of HIV-infected patients.

Methods
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study of 249 HIV-infected patients in an outpatient multidisciplinary HIV clinic in a university hospital. Patients with prediabetes were identified and compared with patients without prediabetes. The association between the prevalence of prediabetes and risk factors was analyzed.

Results
Among 249 HIV-infected patients, the mean age was 46.3 years, and 54% were male. Prevalence of prediabetes was approximately 30%, and BMI ≥30 kg/m2 was found to be a significant risk factor for developing prediabetes.

Conclusion
A high prevalence of prediabetes was observed in this cohort of HIV-infected patients. Interventions targeting HIV-infected patients with increased risk of prediabetes, especially individuals with a high BMI, is needed.
iGlarLixi: A New Once-Daily Fixed-Ratio Combination of Basal Insulin Glargine and Lixisenatide for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Hinnen Debbie , Strong Jodi 
Published: March 2018

Background.
Patients with type 2 diabetes require treatment intensification to maintain glycemic control. Clinician reluctance, patient injection fears, hypoglycemia, weight gain, or other objections may lead to clinical inertia, whereby therapy is not intensified and patients live with uncontrolled hyperglycemia and increased risk for complications. Initiation of injectable therapy with a glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 receptor agonist and/or basal insulin is a recommended option for patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on one or more oral agents.

Purpose.
This article reviews clinical evidence and provides information on dosing and administration of iGlarLixi, a titratable fixed-ratio combination of insulin glargine and the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide that effectively lowers both fasting and postprandial glucose levels.

Findings.
In phase 3 trials, iGlarLixi provided greater A1C reduction than insulin glargine or lixisenatide alone, without increased hypoglycemia risk compared with insulin glargine. iGlarLixi did not lead to weight gain versus insulin glargine and was associated with a lower frequency of gastrointestinal adverse effects than lixisenatide. iGlarLixi was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal insulin (&lt;60 units daily) or lixisenatide. iGlarLixi is administered by subcutaneous injection once daily, and the dose is titrated based on each patient’s insulin needs using a simple titration algorithm.

Conclusion.
iGlarLixi offers an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes requiring additional glycemic control, with comparable or improved safety outcomes than its separate components. Because of its simple regimen and low rate of adverse effects, iGlarLixi may improve adherence and, consequently, therapeutic outcomes.
Effects of Social Support Network Size on Mortality Risk: Considerations by Diabetes Status
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Ford M. Allison 
Published: March 2018

Objective.
Previous work demonstrates that social support is inversely associated with mortality risk. Less research, however, has examined the effects of the size of the social support network on mortality risk among those with and without diabetes, which was the purpose of this study.

Methods.
Data from the 1999–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used, with participants followed through 2011. This study included 1,412 older adults (≥60 years of age) with diabetes and 5,872 older adults without diabetes. The size of the social support network was assessed via self-report and reported as the number of participants’ close friends.

Results.
Among those without diabetes, various levels of social support network size were inversely associated with mortality risk. However, among those with diabetes, only those with a high social support network size (i.e., at least six close friends) had a reduced risk of all-cause mortality. That is, compared to those with zero close friends, those with diabetes who had six or more close friends had a 49% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.51, 95% CI 0.27–0.94).

Conclusion.
To mitigate mortality risk, a greater social support network size may be needed for those with diabetes.