bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors in breast phyllodes tumors: a nomogram based on a retrospective cohort study of 404 patients
Authors: Zhou Zhi‐Rui , Wang Chen‐Chen , Sun Xiang‐Jie , Yang Zhao‐Zhi , Chen Xing‐Xing , Shao Zhi‐Ming , Yu Xiao‐Li , Guo Xiao‐Mao 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the independent prognostic factors related to postoperative recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in patients with breast phyllodes tumors (PTBs). A retrospective analysis was conducted in Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center. According to histological type, patients with benign PTBs were classified as a low‐risk group, while borderline and malignant PTBs were classified as a high‐risk group. The Cox regression model was adopted to identify factors affecting postoperative RFS in the two groups, and a nomogram was generated to predict recurrence‐free survival at 1, 3, and 5 years. Among the 404 patients, 168 (41.6%) patients had benign PTB, 184 (45.5%) had borderline PTB, and 52 (12.9%) had malignant PTB. Fifty‐five patients experienced postoperative local recurrence, including six benign cases, 26 borderline cases, and 22 malignant cases; the three histological types of PTB had local recurrence rates of 3.6%, 14.1%, and 42.3%, respectively. Stromal cell atypia was an independent prognostic factor for RFS in the low‐risk group, while the surgical approach and tumor border were independent prognostic factors for RFS in the high‐risk group, and patients receiving simple excision with an infiltrative tumor border had a higher recurrence rate. A nomogram developed based on clinicopathologic features and surgical approaches could predict recurrence‐free survival at 1, 3, and 5 years. For high‐risk patients, this predictive nomogram based on tumor border, tumor residue, mitotic activity, degree of stromal cell hyperplasia, and atypia can be applied for patient counseling and clinical management. The efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy remains uncertain.
A hierarchical prognostic model for risk stratification in patients with early breast cancer according to 18F‐fludeoxyglucose uptake and clinicopathological parameters
Authors: Cha Jongtae , Park Hyung Seok , Kim Dongwoo , Kim Hyun Jeong , Kim Min Jung , Cho Young Up , Yun Mijin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study was to investigate a hierarchical prognostic model using clinicopathological factors and 18F‐fludeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake on positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for recurrence‐free survival (RFS) in patients with early breast cancer who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A total of 524 patients with early breast cancer were included. The Cox proportional hazards model was used with clinicopathological variables and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on PET/CT. After classification and regression tree (CART) modeling, RFS curves were estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method and differences in each risk layer were assessed using the log‐rank test. During a median follow‐up of 46.2 months, 31 (5.9%) patients experienced recurrence. The CART model identified four risk layers: group 1 (SUVmax ≤6.75 and tumor size ≤2.0 cm); group 2 (SUVmax ≤6.75 and Luminal A [LumA] or TN tumor >2.0 cm); group 3 (SUVmax ≤6.75 and Luminal B [LumB] or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]‐enriched] tumor >2.0 cm); group 4 (SUVmax >6.75). Five‐year RFS was as follows: 95.9% (group 1), 98% (group 2), 82.8% (group 3), and 85.4% (group 4). Group 3 or group 4 showed worse prognosis than group 1 or group 2 (group 1 vs. group 3: P = 0.040; group 1 vs. group 4: P < 0.001; group 2 vs. group 3: P = 0.016; group 2 vs. group 4: P < 0.001). High SUVmax (>6.75) in primary breast cancer was an independent factor for poor RFS. In patients with low SUVmax, LumB or HER2‐enriched tumor >2 cm was also prognostic for poor RFS, similar to high SUVmax.
Synergy of Catechol‐Functionalized Zinc Oxide Nanorods and Porphyrins in Layer‐by‐Layer Assemblies
Authors: Burger Alexandra , Kunzmann Andreas , Costa Rubén D. , Srikantharajah Rubitha , Peukert Wolfgang , Guldi Dirk M. , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCatechol‐functionalized, positively charged ZnO nanorods (NRs) and anionic porphyrins were integrated into layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assemblies. In general, this study focuses on the impact that different porphyrins, varying in size and number of negative charges, exert on the LbL architecture in terms of morphology and spectroscopy. In particular, through a combination of analytical methods, including UV/Vis spectroscopy, SEM, and profilometry, valuable insights into LbL assembly formation were gathered. A key feature was the surface coverage in the resulting films. Denser films and surface coverages were realized when highly negatively charged and sterically demanding porphyrins were employed. As a complement to basic characterization, the LbL assembled films were used to fabricate proof‐of‐concept solar cells.
Novel Synthesis of Anhydrous and Hydroxylated CuF2 Nanoparticles and Their Potential for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Krahl Thoralf , Marroquin Winkelmann Friederike , Martin Andréa , Pinna Nicola , Kemnitz Erhard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAnhydrous nanoscopic CuF2 is synthesized from alkoxides Cu(OR)2 (R=Me, tBu) by their reaction either in pure liquid HF at −70 °C, or under solvothermal conditions at 150 °C using excess HF and THF as solvent. Depending on the synthesis method, nanoparticles of sizes between 10 and 100 nm are obtained. The compound is highly hygroscopic and forms different hydrolysis products under moist air, namely CuF2⋅2 H2O, Cu2(OH)F3, and Cu(OH)F, of which only the latter is stable at room temperature. CuF2 exhibits an electrochemical plateau at a potential of ≈2.7 V when cycled versus Li in half cell Li‐ion batteries, which is attributed to a non‐reversible conversion mechanism. The cell capacity in the first cycle depends on the particle size, being 468 mAh g−1 for ≈8 nm crystallite diameter, and 353 mAh g−1 for ≈12 nm crystallite diameter, referred to CuF2. However, such a high capacity cannot be sustained for several cycles and the capacity rapidly fades out. The cell voltage decreases to ≈2.0 V for CuF2⋅2 H2O, Cu2(OH)F3, and Cu(OH)F. As all the compounds studied in this work show irreversible conversion reactions, it can be concluded that copper‐based fluorides are unsuitable for Li‐ion battery applications.
Determination of Trapping Parameters of Tl2In2S3Se Layered Single Crystal by Thermoluminescence
Authors: Guler Ipek , Gasanly Nizami 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThermoluminescence (TL) measurements are performed to evaluate the trap states in Tl2In2S3Se layered single crystals. TL experiments are conducted with varying temperature from 10 to 300 K and warming rates from 0.2 to 1.0 K s−1. From the analysis of both initial rise and curve fitting methods, the activation energy of the traps is obtained as 23 meV. The Chen's method is also used to find activation energy. By means of this technique, the activation energy of the TL glow curve is calculated as 25 meV. From both Chen's method and curve fitting method, the existence of mixed order of kinetics in Tl2In2S3Se crystal is found. The cross section to capture of the trap center is found out from the results of curve fitting method. The trap distribution of the crystals is investigated with different temperatures of illumination at a constant warming rate of 0.8 K s−1. The temperatures of illumination change from 10 to 22 K. As a result of the increase in temperatures of illumination, the peak maximum values move to higher temperatures and intensity of the TL curves decreases. This behavior shows us that quasicontinuous traps distribution is present in Tl2In2S3Se layered single crystals.
The Yokohama system for reporting directly sampled endometrial cytology: The quest to develop a standardized terminology
Authors: Fulciniti Franco , Yanoh Kenji , Karakitsos Petros , Watanabe Jun , Di Lorito Alessia , Margari Niki , Maeda Yoshinobu , Kihara Maki , Norimatsu Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Hirai Yasuo 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThe main purpose of directly sampled endometrial cytology is to detect invasive endometrial malignancies. With this principle in mind, The Yokohama System (TYS) Working Group, composed of cytopathologists, surgical pathologists, and gynecologic oncologists met at the 2016 International Congress of Cytology, Yokohama, with the aim to publish a standardized reporting system inclusive of specific diagnostic categories and cytomorphologic criteria for uniform and reliable diagnosis of endometrial malignancies on directly sampled endometrial samples.MethodsThe diagnostic cytopathologic criteria previously published in the literature by the Japanese and Greek working group on endometrial cytology (Yanoh et al. [2012] Acta Cytol. 56:233; Margari et al. [2016] Diagn Cytopathol. 44:888‐901) were critically reviewed with the aim of correlating the diagnostic classes to well defined risk categories for endometrial carcinoma (EC). Moreover, two classes of “atypical” endometrial cells were correlated respectively to a low‐ and high risk group. Some methodological suggestions for the application of ancillary special technologies to liquid based samples were also given.ResultsThe TYS group conceived a new Bethesda‐style classification for directly sampled endometrial cytology which correlates the cytologic diagnostic classes with definite risk categories. The cytomorphologic findings have been correlated to the molecular pathology of EC, also through the application of ancillary special techniques to liquid‐based samples.ConclusionsThe success of TYS will depend on the acceptance of TYS by all the relevant pathology and gynecologic oncology communities who, by their joint efforts, will adopt, critically evaluate, and optimize this method with the only aim of further improving the impact of endometrial cytology on patients’ care.
Ecological versatility and the assembly of multiple competitors: cautionary notes for assembly inferences
Authors: Saito Victor S. , Laroche Fabien , Siqueira Tadeu , Pavoine Sandrine 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe role of niche differences and competition is invoked when one finds coexisting species to be more dissimilar in trait composition than expected at random in community assembly studies. This approach has been questioned as competition has been hypothesized to either lead to communities assembled by similar or dissimilar species, depending on whether species similarity reflects fitness or niche differences, respectively. A current problem is that the arguments used to draw relationships between competition and species similarity are based on pairwise theoretical examples, while in nature competition can occurs among a constellation of species with different levels of versatility in resources used. By versatility we mean the documented ability of some species to escape competition for commonly used resources by changing for marginal and unused resources. Thus, a versatile species will have the ability to decrease niche overlap with all other species when facing strong competitors. When these species are embedded in multiple interactions the role of pairwise niche and fitness differences could be reduced due to indirect effects and thus competition would not be detectable. Here we developed a coexistence theory where competition occurs simultaneously among multiple species with different levels of versatility and then used it in a simulation to unravel patterns of species similarity during community assembly. We found that simulated communities can be assembled by species with more, less or equal similarity compared to a null model when using a mean distance based metric (SES.MPD). However, contrasting these varied results, we consistently found species overdispersion using a nearest neighbor‐based metric (SES.MNTD), even when species differences reflected more directly their competitive abilities than their niche differences. Strong tendency to overdispersion emerged when high ecological versatility promoted large niche differences and enabled coexistence. This is because versatility to use marginal resources compensates possible fitness differences among species. Our findings provide mounting evidence of the important role of minimum niche differences and versatility in resource consumption for species embedded in multiple direct and indirect interactions.
Performance of an in situ activated carbon treatment to reduce PCB availability in an active harbor
Authors: Kirtay Victoria , Conder Jason , Rosen Gunther , Magar Victor , Grover Melissa , Arblaster Jennifer , Fetters Kyle , Chadwick Bart 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

In situ amendment of surface sediment with activated carbon is a promising technique for reducing the availability of hydrophobic organic compounds in surface sediment. The present study evaluated the performance of a logistically challenging activated carbon placement in a high-energy hydrodynamic environment adjacent to and beneath a pier in an active military harbor. Measurements conducted preamendment and 10, 21, and 33 months (mo) postamendment using in situ exposures of benthic invertebrates and passive samplers indicated that the targeted 4% (by weight) addition of activated carbon (particle diameter ≤74 µm) in the uppermost 10 cm of surface sediment reduced polychlorinated biphenyl availability by an average (± standard deviation) of 81 ± 11% in the first 10 mo after amendment. The final monitoring event (33 mo after amendment) indicated an approximate 90 ± 6% reduction in availability, reflecting a slight increase in performance and showing the stability of the amendment. Benthic invertebrate census and sediment profile imagery did not indicate significant differences in benthic community ecological metrics among the preamendment and 3 postamendment monitoring events, supporting existing scientific literature that this approximate activated carbon dosage level does not significantly impair native benthic invertebrate communities. Recommendations for optimizing typical site-specific assessments of activated carbon performance are also discussed and include quantifying reductions in availability and confirming placement of activated carbon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1767–1777. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Potential impact of effects on reproductive attributes induced by herbicides on a plant community
Authors: Reeg Jette , Heine Simon , Mihan Christine , Preuss Thomas G. , McGee Sean , Jeltsch Florian 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Current herbicide risk assessment guidelines for nontarget terrestrial plants require testing effects on young, vulnerable life stages (i.e., seedling emergence [and subsequent growth] and vegetative vigor [growth and dry wt]) but not directly on the reproduction of plants. However, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has proposed that effects on reproduction might be considered when evaluating the potential effects on plants. We adapted the plant community model for grassland (IBC-grass) to give insight into the current debate on the sensitivity of reproductive versus vegetative endpoints in ecological risk assessment. In an extensive sensitivity analysis of this model, we compared plant attributes potentially affected by herbicides and the consequences for long-term plant population dynamics and plant diversity. This evaluation was implemented by reducing reproductive as well as vegetative endpoints by certain percentages (e.g., 10–90%) as a theoretical assumption. Plant mortality and seed sterility (i.e., inability of seeds to germinate) were the most sensitive attributes. Our results indicated that effects on seed production at off-field exposure rates must be very strong to have an impact on the risk assessment. Otherwise, effects on seed production are compensated for by the soil seed bank. The present study highlights the usefulness of community level modeling studies to support regulators in their decisions on the appropriate risk assessment endpoints and provides confidence in their assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1707–1722. © 2018 SETAC
Understanding the interplay between covariance forecasting factor models and risk‐based portfolio allocations in currency carry trades
Authors: Ames Matthew , Bagnarosa Guillaume , Peters Gareth W. , Shevchenko Pavel V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWith the exception of naive methods for portfolio selection, such as the equal weighted approaches, all other methods of portfolio allocation are more or less sensitive to the quality of the inputs considered in constructing the models and risk measures utilized in the allocation framework. The extensively used factor model proposed initially by Sharpe in 1963 has provided a robust backdrop for development of relevant, micro, macro, and context‐specific or asset specific explanatory variables to be incorporated in a statistical manner as inputs to forecasting models that can then be used to obtain risk measures upon which portfolio allocations are based. However, like all statistical models, a set of statistical assumptions accompany this factor model regression framework, one of which has recently been highlighted as seemingly nonvalidated in financial data. This is, of course, the assumption such factor models make on homoskedasticity or weak‐sense covariance stationarity of the returns processes being modeled. Such factor models, therefore, have typically failed to cope with an important and ubiquitous feature of financial assets data, which often demonstrates heteroskedasticity of the returns variances and covariances. We propose a novel generalized multifactor forecasting structure utilizing a covariance regression model, which allows us to incorporate the required heteroskedasticity effects while also admitting potential dependence in the idiosyncratic error terms. We argue that such a modeling approach allows for more explicit relationships to be interpreted between the driving factors and the conditional responses of the portfolio returns. We then compare the forecasting performances of our model with the multifactor model and the time series dynamic conditional correlation model through a currency portfolio application.
Successful encapsulation of β‐glucosidase during the synthesis of siliceous mesostructured materials
Authors: Gascón Victoria , Márquez‐Álvarez Carlos , Blanco Rosa María 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe biocatalysis field demands ‘universal’ supports able to encapsulate enzymes with a straightforward methodology, and at the same time, capable of retaining their catalytic activity. The employment of siliceous materials for such a purpose is a big challenge because drastic synthesis conditions are required and improved functionalization is needed to increase affinities towards the targeted enzyme. In this work, a compromise between the development of a well‐formed mesostructured support and an acceptable enzymatic activity was attempted via the in‐situ immobilization approach.RESULTSThe immobilization of β‐glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) from Aspergillus niger was approached using different strategies. After trying to immobilize β‐glucosidase with a post‐synthesis approach, nonhigh loadings were achieved both with covalent linkage (using epoxy activated supports; 3.5 mgE g−1) and with noncovalent bonding (using amine‐functionalized materials; 7.6 mgE g−1). However, when the in‐situ approach was attempted, success in reaching the highest enzyme loading (close to 200 mgE g−1) was achieved.CONCLUSIONIn this work, the support cages around the in‐situ encapsulated enzyme fully prevented its release through the narrow windows connecting cages, achieving a less than 5% release of the initially desorbed protein, as well as a further total absence of leaching. This enabled the biocatalyst to be reused at least eight times more without any loss in activity. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Where have all the children gone? High HIV prevalence in infants attending nutrition and inpatient entry points
Authors: Kiyaga Charles , Urick Brittany , Fong Youyi , Okiira Christopher , Nabukeera‐Barungi Nicolette , Nansera Denis , Ochola Emmanuel , Nteziyaremye Julius , Bigira Victor , Ssewanyana Isaac , Olupot‐Olupot Peter , Peter Trevor , Ghadrshenas Anisa , Vojnov Lara 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionDespite notable progress towards PMTCT, only 50% of HIV‐exposed infants in sub‐Saharan Africa were tested within the first 2 months of life and only 30% of HIV‐infected infants are on antiretroviral treatment. This study assessed HIV prevalence in infants and children receiving care at various service entry points in primary healthcare facilities in Uganda.MethodsA total of 3600 infants up to 24 months of age were systematically enrolled and tested at four regional hospitals across Uganda. Six hundred infants were included and tested from six facility entry points: PMTCT, immunization, inpatient, nutrition, outpatient and community outreach services.FindingsThe traditional EID entry point, PMTCT, had a prevalence of 3.8%, representing 19.6% of the total HIV‐positive infants identified in the study. Fifty percent of the 117 identified HIV‐positive infants were found in the nutrition wards, which had a prevalence of 9.8% (p < 0.001 compared to PMTCT). Inpatient wards had a prevalence of 3.5% and yielded 17.9% of the HIV‐positive infants identified. Infants tested at immunization wards and through outreach services identified 0.8% and 1.7% of the HIV‐positive infants respectively, and had a prevalence of less than 0.3%.ConclusionsExpanding routine early infant diagnosis screening beyond the traditional PMTCT setting to nutrition and inpatient entry points will increase the identification of HIV‐infected infants. Careful reflection for appropriate testing strategies, such as maternal re‐testing to identify new HIV infections and HIV‐exposed infants in need of follow‐up testing and care, at immunization and outreach services should be considered given the expectedly low prevalence rates. These findings may help HIV care programmes significantly expand testing to improve access to early infant diagnosis and paediatric treatment.