bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Alloxan-Induced Diabetes on Tissue Plasminogen Activator Activity of the Rat
Authors: Smokovitis A.A. , Binder B.R. 
Published: May 2019

Subcutaneous injection of alloxan (10mg/100g)induced severe diabetes in Sprague-Dawley rats (hyperglycemia, glucosuria, weight loss, polydypsia, polyphagia and polyuria). The effect on tissue plasminogen activator activity (PAA) was studied histocheraically in key organs (heart, kidney, lung, aorta, and caudal vena cava) 4 days, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after induction of diabetes. After an initially increased vascular PAA (release reaction) seen in lung, kidney, aorta, and myocardium, but not in caudal vena cava, a decreased PAA was found in arteries of the renal medulla and particularly of the renal cortex and in arteries of the myocardium two bo eight weeks after the induction of diabetes. Compared to the normal PAA level, the intima of the aorta showed after the initial rise, a fall in two to three weeks, a second rise by four to six weeks, followed by a fall to the normal value at the eighth week. In the lung the initially increased PAA continued to be slightly elevated until the sixth week; by the eighth week it was normal. In the caudal vena cava no changes in the PAA were seen. Of interest are the observed differences in PAA patterns; (1) between arteries and veins, (2) large and small arteries, and (3) arteries in different tissues up to at least eight weeks post induction of diabetes.Supp-. by the Austrian Acad, of Sciences, Arteriosclerosis research group.
Prethrombotic State
Authors: Mitchell J.R.A. 
Published: May 2019

Blood is the only part of the body which can be repeatedly biopsied. Whether such biopsies will enable a prethrombotic state to be identified depend on three factors:
1. Timing The histology of thrombi sunnests that they often form in a phasic or episodic msnner. Tf any accompanying blood changes are also episodic, detection is difficult, whereas if they are present continuously, the task is easier.
2. The cause of thrombosis If normal blood is instructed to thrombose by a local vesselwall disease, then there will be no detectable blood abnormality, unless the effect of traversing a thrombosing area produces a persistent alteration in blood properties. If aberrant flow patterns produce thrombosis, then again, blood samples withdrawn elsewhere could be normal. If a primary blood abnormality is resoonsible for thrombosis then our chances of detecting this will be better.
3. The tests used A thrombus is rich in platelets, leucocytes and fibrin but we have as yet no satisfactory tests to detect abnormalities since in vitro tests introduce many artefacts (foreign surfaces, anticoagulants etc). If one studies individuals with thrombotic disease, any abnormalities found may be the consequences and not the cause of the occlusion. If one studies fit individuals, then very laroe groups are needed to yield enough thrombotic events for analysis, and comparison with the remainder of the subjects who do not dene lop thrombosis.
Pharmacokinetics of Heparin Administered with and without Dihydroergotamine
Authors: Beermann B. , Lahnborg G. 
Published: May 2019

Dihydroergotamine (DHE) enhances the prophylactic effect of heparin on postoperative venous thrombosis. It has been suggested that this enhancement is -caused by interaction with the Phannacokinetics of heparin. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether DHE influences on heparin kinetics.
Methods Ten healthy volunteers were given iv a) 200 units heparin/kg b) as a + 0.5 mg DHE cl 5000 units heparin d) as c + 0.5 mg DHE. Five subjects were given 0.5 mg DHE only. Venous blood samples were drawn during 8 h after the injections. Concentrations of heparin were detennined using a chromogenic substrate for activated factor X (Coatest Heparin Kabi diagnostica).
Results Area under plasma concentration of heparin time curve in experiments a) and b) averaged 8. 70±1.8l U/ml . h (±SD) and 9. 44±1.04 U/ml . h respectively (NS). The corresponding values in experiments c) and d) were 1.64±0.75 U/ml ; hand 1.7l±0.46 U/ml . respectively (NS). The plasma halflife of heparin in experiment a) was 1.36 h in b) 1.33 h (NS) and in c) 0.64 h and in d) 0.62 h (NS). Injection of DHE caused no increase in heparinlike activity in plasma.
Conclusion It was co ncluded that the beneficial effect of DHE on postoperative thromboembolism is caused by mechanisms other than interaction with heparin kinetics.
Effects of Hypertension and Dietary Saturated Fats on Rat Platelet Functions
Authors: McGregor L. , Renaud S. 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of spontaneous hypertension on the hyperactivity of blood platelets induced by diets rich in saturated fats. This experiment consisted of feeding 24 weanling male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (OKAMOTO) and 24 controls (WKY) (KYOTO-Wistar) with diets containing 40% fat for 7 months For 12 rats in each group (SHR or WKY), the diet was rich in polyunsaturated fat (22% corn oil) and for the other 12 rats in saturated fat (38%, particularly in stearic acid) with 2% corn oil to prevent essential fatty acid deficiency. The same experiment was repeated for a period of 5 months. Blood pressure was taken at 3 months (SHR : 194, WKY 150 mm Hg) and 6 months. Blood was removed at 4,5 and 7 months of feeding to determine the clotting time and platelet aggregation to thrombin and ADP. For the same diet, hypertensive rats had a significantly shorter platelet-rich plasma clotting time as compared
to controls (107 sec ± 3.3vs 127 sec ± 2.3, saturated fat diet) (128 sec ± 3.6vs 142 sec ± 2.1, polyunsaturated fat diet). Moreover platelet maximal response of aggregation to thrombin was increased significantly in hypertensive rats (10.9 cm ± 1.6vs 4.8 cm ± 0.8; 8.7 cm ± 1.1vs 2.3 ± 0.4) (Mean ± SE).In this study, spontaneously hypertensive rats fed purified diets, presented a hypercoagulability and platelet hyperaggregability to thrombin which were markedly increased by the feeding of long chain saturated fatty acids.
Thrombin Activation of Fibrinogen Polymerization and Crosslinking
Authors: Blombäck B. , Hessel B. 
Published: May 2019

The transformation of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin in blood occurrs in two, interdependent steps:where Fbg = fibrinogen; FPA, FPB = fibrinopeptide A and B, respectively. FbI and FbII are two different types of fibrin.The release of FPA is a prerequisite for release of FPB, which occurrs at an initially slow rate. Release of FPA leads to formation of FbI through end-to-end polymerization (A:a interactions). Release of FPB enables fibrinogen units to bind to the growing polymer by so called “lateral” association (B:b interactions). The initial interaction at the B:b sites leads to enhanced subsequent release of FPB and hence of polymer formation.The fibrin formed, whether of FbI or FbII type, is rapidly cross-linked with inter γ-chain bonds in presence of Factor XIIIa and Ca2+. Formation of inter α-chain crosslinks is slow in purified fibrinogen - thrombin systems and in platelet poor plasma, but fast in whole blood and in platelet rich plasma indicating a role of the platelets in this process.
The Clinical Significance of Chronic Fibrinaemia
Authors: Haselager E.M. , Vreeken J. 
Published: May 2019

From 1970-1978 we investigated the occurrence of circulating fibrin monomers in 3293 patients in the department of general medicine by means of the aethanol gelation test. Positive tests were found in 151 patients (± 5%). In a variety of diseases (sepsis, meningitis, liver cirrhosis, bleeding with shock, malignancy) the test was only positive for a short time (1 or 2 days).Of all the patients who had a positive aethanol test for more than two days 33% turned out to have a malignant disease. When fibrin monomers could be detected for more than 5 days (chronic fibrinaemia) the percentage of malignancy rose to 75%! Fibrinaemia was highly correlated (97%) with an elevated level of FDP/fdp. In patients with malignancies and elevated levels of FDP/fdp 20% had clinical signs of thromboembolism. However when this was accompanied by circulating fibrin monomers (more than 5 days) this percentage rose to 45%. Only 12% of patients with chronic fibrinaemia had a bleeding tendency.
Study of a Caucasian Family with von Willebrand’s Disease in Association with Vascular Telangiectasia and Hemoglobinopathy
Authors: Hanna W. , McCarroll C. , Chen J. , McDonald T. , Lin D. , Lange R. , Congdon C. 
Published: May 2019

This family carries multihematological inherited disorders; namely, von Wille-brand’s, vascular telangiectasia and hemoglobinopathy. Family members were studied by quantifying the following: Factor VIII pro-coagulant activity, Factor VIII related antigen, Factor VIII inhibitors, platelet adhesion, platelet aggregation (with ristocetin, collagen and ADP), bleeding time, platelet count, partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, hemoglobin electrophoresis, hemoglobin finger-printing, sickling preparation and the presence of telangiectasia.The affected members of this family with von Willebrand’s express their disease in a variable tendency to bleeding from almost clinically asymptomatic cases to cases with severe bleeding tendency.One member of this family had to have a hysterectomy at the age of 20 to control the abnormal uterine bleeding after conservative treatment failed. All affected members with von Willebrand’s disease had a normal platelet count, prolonged bleeding time, decreased Factor VIII pro-coagulant activity and related antigen, negative aggregation using the ristocetin co-factor for von Willebrand’s, defective platelet adhesiveness to glass beads, and normal platelet aggregation to collagen and ADP. Some members have vascular telangiectasia in the mucous membranes. An incidental finding was the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin S in some family members.Supported in part by the Cumberland Chapter of the National Hemophilia Foundation.
Influence of Chromomycin A3 (ToyomycinR) on Platelet Function in Vitro
Authors: Kubisz P. , Cronberq S. 
Published: May 2019

Chromomycin A3 is a cytotoxic antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces griseus. It is marketed in Japan by Takeda Chemical Industries under the name of Toyomycin. It is chemically related to mithvamycin. In the presence of Mg2+ it inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase and to a lesser extent DNA polymerase. As a side effect hypocalcemia can be induced. It is therefore possible that it interferes with intracellular calcium reactions. It may therefore exert an effect on the function of platelets. We therefore studied its effect on platelets in vitro.
Results: Platelet aggregation induced by ADP, adrenalin or collagen was decreased. The second wave of aggregation was mostly abolished. The availability of olatelet factor 3 was decreased irrespective of inducer. The release of platelet factor 4 by ADP was reduced, but it was normal when induced by adrenalin or collagen.Reptilase clot retraction induced by ADP or collagen was normal.Uptake of 14C-serotonin or 14C-adenine was normal.
Conclusion: Chromomycin A3 (ToyomycinR) induced mild abnormalities in platelet aqcreqation and release.
Adp-Induced Shape Change in Platelets from Normal and Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Porta M. , Hilgard P. , Kohner E.M. 
Published: May 2019

In the absence of Ca++, adenosine diphosphate (ADP) induces alterations in light transmittance (LT) of platelet rich plasma (PRP). An initial decrease of LT, representing the platelet shape change (PSC), is followed by a slower self-stabilizing i ncrease, which can be evaluated as % of LT.Methodological studies showed that the optical recording of PSC was mainly influenced by the concentrations of EDTA (used as chelating agent) and ADP in the test slstem. Under standardized conditions (PRP incubated at room temperature with EDTA 7.6 mM, ADP 5ug/ml) the measurement of PSC is a reproducible and simple test.The tracings of 19 controls were compared to those of 32 patients with diabetic retinopathy. Significant differences (p < 0.005) were found in 15 proliferative retinopathics (17.25 ± 1.07 SEM) and 6 maculopathics (17.99% ± 1.48), when compared to 11 mild retinopathics (13.96 % ± 1.48) and the controls (13.11% ± 0.73). Conventional aggregometry studies revealed a lower threshold ADP concentration to produce complete aggregation in platelets from diabetics. The response to high concentrations of ADP, to collagen, or ristocetin was identical in the two groups.The preliminary data presented support the anticipated role of platelets in the development of diabetic microangiopathy, and indicate that the test described is a useful addition to studies of platelet function.
Studies on Fibrinopeptide a in Thrombotic Disorders
Authors: Murakoshi T. , Seya T. , Yamauchi M. , Naaata H. , Hasegawa H. 
Published: May 2019

Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) was measured in human plasma by a radioimmunoassay kit (IMCO) In 14 normal individuals this assay revealed a mean FPA level of 1.5 ng/ml.121 patients were divided Into 6 groups by the levels of fibrinogen (FBG) and FDP as followsA- patients with elevated FBC and elevated FDP levels (FPA: av.9.4 ng/ml).B: patients with elevated FBC and normal FDP levels (FPA: av.3.7 ng/ml). C: patients with normal FBG and elevated FDP levels (FPA: av.3.9 ng/ml). D: patients with normal FBG and normal FDP levels (FPA; av.5,3 ng/ml). E: patients with reduced FBG and elevated FDP levels (FPA: av 4.1 ng/ml). F: patients with reduced FBG and normal FDP levels (FPA: av.4 8 ng/ml) It is noteworthy that elevated FPA levels are found In group D.Considering FPA levels from clinical disorders, elevated FPA levels were found in patients suffering from DIC and other thrombotic disorders. In clinical cases, comparing with other Indicators which represented hypercoagulable state, FPA levels changed most rapidly, and after injection of heparin in these patients, they were reduced rapidly Into the normal range. Addltionary, it appears possible to determine the structure of thrombi from the correlation between FPA and β-thromboglobulin. These results suggest that FPA Is most sensitive indicator of thrombin action, and provides direct information concerning the effectiveness of therapy in preventing fibrin formation.
M945. Nonhepahinic Mucopolisacarid. In Vivo Studies(Humans)
Authors: Giuliani K. , Stwarcer E. 
Published: May 2019

It has been reported,in in vivo studies (doga, rabbita), that the antithrombotic protection of heparin is clearly related to AntiXa enhanced activity,than to a particular KCCT level(1)(2)In this work, 20 healthy individuals were studied. KCCT, TT, AntiXa (Denaon-Bonnar) deter minations were made. In vitro studies of M945 actiona on these tests, at different plasma concentrations of the drug (0.02-0.2UI/al) were performed.M945 waa then SC administered, 100UI/kg weight, and blood aamples collected each two houra, and KCCT, TT, AntiXa studied.In vitro samples showed no differences in KCCT, TT, and Anti Xa activity, that the ones expected when using heparin. In 16 humana, in post infusion studie s, it was seen that nearly no changea on KCCT or TT occured,vhile AntiAa waS enhanced in its activity, up to 90" (more than corresponding valuea for 0.2UI/al of heparin in plaamal.Further work with similar drugs to M945, should open the poasibility of safe antithrombotic treatments in patients with anticoagulant contraindications.1. Szwarcer E, Giuliani R, vIII World Congr Cardiol, Abatr, 1, 1159, pg 381, 19782. Chiu HM, Hirsh J, Yung WL, Regoeczi E, Gent H, Elood, Vol 49, N82, 171, (feb), 1977
“Biology of the Eye,” A Novel Multiformat Translational Elective for Medical Students
Authors: Marin A. , Brzezinski Joseph , Nagaraj Ram , Singh Jasleen 
Published: May 2019

Objective To allow medical undergraduate students an exposure to ophthalmology in the preclinical years as well as introduce concepts of basic and clinical science in ophthalmology for medical students.
Methods The 10-session elective was offered to 2nd year medical students in the fall of 2016 and to 1st and 2nd year medical students in the fall of 2017 at the University of Colorado School of Medicine. The curriculum included a dissection laboratory, lectures, and journal reviews of key topics in ophthalmology with a basic scientist and clinician. At the conclusion of the sessions, the students evaluated this course by survey.
Results Six medical students participated in the fall of 2016 and 11 students in the fall of 2017. The response rate was 83.33 and 100%, respectively. On a five- point Likert's scale, the students in both fall 2016 and 2017 rated the course as 4.7, indicating a positive reaction. Quality of learning objectives was rated as 4.4 and 4.5 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Course management had a score of 4.4 and 4.6 in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Comments included: “I learned a lot about the eye I would not have known if I had not taken the course,” “I enjoyed the interplay between the clinical and basic science experts,” and “I liked the model of learning about a subject then looking at the research [sic].”
Conclusions Based on the students' responses and level of satisfaction, we concluded that the elective course was successful at increasing medical students' exposure to ophthalmology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine while incorporating both basic and clinical science. Based on review of the students' feedback, modifications to the course included, expanding the course to 1st year medical students, limiting presentation times, simplifying presentation topics, and adding worksheets to guide article review sessions.
Calibrating gravitational-wave detectors with GW170817
Authors: Essick Reed , Holz Daniel E 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The waveform of a compact binary coalescence is predicted by general relativity. It is therefore possible to directly constrain the response of a gravitational-wave (GW) detector by analyzing a signal’s observed amplitude and phase evolution as a function of frequency. GW signals alone constrain the relative amplitude and phase between different frequencies within the same detector and between different detectors. Furthermore, if the source’s distance and inclination can be determined independently, for example from an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart, one can calibrate the absolute amplitude response of the detector network. We analyze GW170817’s ability to calibrate the LIGO/Virgo detectors, finding a relative amplitude calibration precision of approximately

20% and relative phase precision of

(

uncertainty) between the LIGO Hanford and Livingston detectors. Incorporating additional information about the distance and inclination of the source from EM observations, the relative amplitude of the LIGO detectors can be tightened to  ∼

%. Including EM observations also constrains the absolute amplitude precision to similar levels. We investigate the ability of future events to improve astronomical calibration. By simulating the cumulative uncertainties from an ensemble of detections, we find that with several hundred events with EM counterparts, or several thousand events without counterparts, we reach percent-level astronomical calibration. This corresponds to  ∼5–10 years of operation at advanced LIGO and Virgo design sensitivity. It is to be emphasized that direct in situ measurements of detector calibration provide significantly higher precision than astronomical sources, and already constrain the calibration to a few percent in amplitude and a few degrees in phase. In this sense, our astronomical calibrators only corroborate existing calibration measurements. Nonetheless, it is remarkable that we are able to use an astronomical GW source to characterize properties of a terrestrial GW instrument, and astrophysical calibration may become an important corroboration of existing calibration methods, providing a completely independent constraint of potential systematics.
Improving student understanding of quantum mechanics underlying the Stern–Gerlach experiment using a research-validated multiple-choice question sequence
Authors: Justice Paul , Marshman Emily , Singh Chandralekha 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Engaging students with well-designed multiple-choice questions during class and asking them to discuss their answers with their peers after each student has contemplated the response individually can be an effective evidence-based active-engagement pedagogy in physics courses. Moreover, validated sequences of multiple-choice questions are more likely to help students build a good knowledge structure of physics than individual multiple-choice questions on various topics. Here we discuss a framework to develop robust sequences of multiple-choice questions and then use the framework for the development, validation and implementation of a sequence of multiple-choice questions focusing on helping students learn quantum mechanics via the Stern–Gerlach experiment (SGE) that takes advantage of the guided inquiry-based learning sequences in an interactive tutorial on the same topic. The extensive research in developing and validating the multiple-choice question sequence (MQS) strives to make it effective for students with diverse prior preparation in upper-level undergraduate quantum physics courses. We discuss student performance on assessment task focusing on the SGE after traditional lecture-based instruction versus after engaging with the research-validated MQS administered as clicker questions in which students had the opportunity to discuss their responses with their peers.
Change of vegetation cover in the US–Mexico border region: illegal activities or climatic variability?
Authors: Wang Haoying 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study explores both human activities and climatic factors to examine the change of vegetation cover in the US Southwest border region—a region that is almost 2000 miles long and with rich natural resources but mostly a sensitive semi-arid/arid ecosystem. It is the first study that integrates large-scale remote-sensing data with multiple layers of socio-economic data and aims to inform critical policy issues related to natural resources management and border security enforcement in the region. A fixed effects panel data regression model is deployed to control for spatial heterogeneities and macro trends in vegetation cover distribution. The results show that both illegal and legal activities have statistically significant impacts on the border region vegetation cover between 2008–2017. Within a 3 mile buffer of the border, a one-standard-deviation increase in illegal border-crossings would lead the vegetation cover index (measured between 0–100) to decline by 4.1% of its standard deviation. A one-standard-deviation increase in border patrol agent staffing would lead the vegetation cover index to decline by 19.0% of its standard deviation. Employment density (a proxy for the dominant local economic activities) in the border county economies and growing season monthly mean temperature are also statistically significant in driving the change of vegetation cover. These findings provide important implications for natural resources management and border security policy in the region, as well as for the quality of life in the local border communities.