bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual role of the colonization factor CD2831 in Clostridium difficile pathogenesis
Authors: Arato Vanessa , Gasperini Gianmarco , Giusti Fabiola , Ferlenghi Ilaria , Scarselli Maria , Leuzzi Rosanna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractClostridium difficileis a Gram-positive, anaerobic bacterium and the leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis.C. difficilemodulates its transition from a motile to a sessile lifestyle through a mechanism of riboswitches regulated by cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP). Previously described as a sortase substrate positively regulated by c-di-GMP, CD2831 was predicted to be a collagen-binding protein and thus potentially involved in sessility. By overexpressing CD2831 inC. difficileand heterologously expressing it on the surface ofLactococcus lactis, here we further demonstrated that CD2831 is a collagen-binding protein, able to bind to immobilized collagen types I, III and V as well as native collagen produced by human fibroblasts. We also observed that the overexpression of CD2831 raises the ability to form biofilm on abiotic surface in bothC. difficileandL. lactis. Notably, we showed that CD2831 binds to the collagen-like domain of the human complement component C1q, suggesting a role in preventing complement cascade activation via the classical pathway. This functional characterization places CD2831 in theMicrobialSurfaceComponentsRecognizingAdhesiveMatrixMolecule (MSCRAMMs) family, a class of virulence factors with a dual role in adhesion to collagen-rich tissues and in host immune evasion by binding to human complement components.
A Network-guided Association Mapping Approach from DNA Methylation to Disease
Authors: Yuan Lin , Huang De-Shuang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAberrant DNA methylation may contribute to development of cancer. However, understanding the associations between DNA methylation and cancer remains a challenge because of the complex mechanisms involved in the associations and insufficient sample sizes. The unprecedented wealth of DNA methylation, gene expression and disease status data give us a new opportunity to design machine learning methods to investigate the underlying associated mechanisms. In this paper, we propose a network-guided association mapping approach from DNA methylation to disease (NAMDD). Compared with existing methods, NAMDD finds methylation-disease path associations by integrating analysis of multiple data combined with a stability selection strategy, thereby mining more information in the datasets and improving the quality of resultant methylation sites. The experimental results on both synthetic and real ovarian cancer data show that NAMDD substantially outperforms former disease-related methylation site research methods (including NsRRR and PCLOGIT) under false positive control. Furthermore, we applied NAMDD to ovarian cancer data, identified significant path associations and provided hypothetical biological path associations to explain our findings.
One amino acid change of Angiotensin II diminishes its effects on abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Wang Ya , Xu Yinchuan , Wu Congqing , Xia Hongguang , Wang Yingchao , Nan Jinliang , Chen Jinghai , Yu Hong , Zhu Wei , Shi Peng , Daugherty Alan , Lu Hong S. , Wang Jian’an 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) A is formed by the decarboxylation of the N terminal residue of AngII. The present study determined whether this one amino acid change impacted effects of AngII on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in mice. Computational analyses implicated that AngA had comparable binding affinity to both AngII type 1 and 2 receptors as AngII. To compare effects of these two octapeptides in vivo, male low-density lipoprotein receptor (Ldlr) or apolipoprotein E (Apoe) deficient mice were infused with either AngII or AngA (1 μg/kg/min) for 4 weeks. While AngII infusion induced AAA consistently in both mouse strains, the equivalent infusion rate of AngA did not lead to AAA formation. We also determined whether co-infusion of AngA would influence AngII-induced aortic aneurysm formation in male Apoe−/− mice. Co-infusion of the same infusion rate of AngII and AngA did not change AngII-induced AAA formation. Since it was reported that a 10-fold higher concentration of AngA elicited comparable vasoconstrictive responses as AngII, we compared a 10-fold higher rate (10 μg/kg/min) of AngA infusion into male Apoe−/− mice with AngII (1 μg/kg/min). This rate of AngA led to abdominal aortic dilation in three of ten mice, but no aortic rupture, whereas the 10-fold lower rate of AngII infusion led to abdominal aortic dilation or rupture in eight of ten mice. In conclusion, AngA, despite only being one amino acid different from AngII, has diminished effects on aortic aneurysmal formation, implicating that the first amino acid of AngII has important pathophysiological functions.
LncRNA DILC participates in rheumatoid arthritis by inducing apoptosis of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and down-regulating IL-6
Authors: Wang Guan , Tang Lian , Zhang Xihai , Li Yao 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
IL-6 produced by human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (HFLS) promotes rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while lncRNA DILC regulates liver cancer stem cells by inhibiting IL-6. Therefore, lncRNA DILC may participate in RA. In the present study, we found that plasma lncRNA DILC was down-regulated, while IL-6 was up-regulated in RA patients than in healthy controls. Plasma levels of lncRNA DILC and IL-6 were significantly and inversely correlated only in RA patients. Overexpression of lncRNA DILC resulted in promoted apoptosis of HFLS isolated from RA patients, while lncRNA DILC siRNA silencing played an opposite role. In addition, overexpression of lncRNA DILC also resulted in inhibited IL-6 expression in HFLS isolated from RA patients. Therefore, lncRNA DILC may participate in RA by inducing apoptosis of HFLS and down-regulating IL-6.
Mitochondrial membrane potential played crucial roles in the accumulation of berberine in HepG2 cells
Authors: Li Qiao , Zhou Ting , Liu Chang , Wang Xiao-Yu , Zhang Ji-Quan , Wu Fei , Lin Ge , Ma Yue-Ming , Ma Bing-Liang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Berberine is a natural alkaloid that has antineoplastic effects. However, in hepatoma cells like HepG2, the expressions of uptake transporters are minimal but efflux transporters are relatively high. Hence, how berberine enters and reaches a cytocidal concentration remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we revealed the accumulation mechanism of berberine in HepG2 cells. Cell organelles were isolated based on differential centrifugation; berberine concentration was measured using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass chromatography method or flow cytometry. Subcellular distribution of berberine was observed using a laser scanning confocal microscopy. The results showed that berberine was concentration-, temperature-, and time-dependently taken up and accumulated in HepG2 cells. Membrane drug transporters and cell membrane potential had limited effects in berberine uptake. However, qualitative and quantitative studies showed that berberine was enriched in the mitochondria; inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) by carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) significantly decreased the intracellular berberine by up to 70%. More importantly, MMP not only significantly enhanced berberine uptake driven by cell membrane potential (P&lt;0.01) but also inhibited p-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated berberine efflux (P&lt;0.01). In brief, our results for the first time showed that MMP played crucial roles in berberine accumulation in HepG2 cells.
Comparing two different descriptions of the I-V characteristic of graphene: theory and experiment
Authors: Panferov Anatolii , Smolyansky Stanislav , Blaschke David , Gevorgyan Narine 
Published: April 2019

The formalism of the nonperturbative description of transport phenomena in graphene in the framework of the quantum kinetic equation for the Schwinger-like process is compared with the description on the basis of Zener- Klein tunneling. The regime of ballistic conductivity in a constant electric field is considered.In the latter case the interaction of carriers with electric field is described in terms of the spatial dependence of their potential energy (x-representation). The presented kinetic formalism uses an alternative method of describing the interaction with a field through the introduction of a quasimomentumP=p– (e/c)A(t), whereA(t) is the vector potential (t-representation). Both approaches should lead to the same physical characteristics of the described process.The measurement of the current in experiments is realized in static conditions determined by the potential difference between the electrodes and the distance between them. These parameters are native for the x-representation. On the contrary, in the approach based on the t-representation it is necessary to consider the situation in dynamics and introduce the effective lifetime of the generated carriers. In the ballistic regime this time depends on the distance between the electrodes.We give a detailed comparison of these two descriptions of the current and demonstrate a good coincidence with the experimental data of the alternative approach based on the t-representation. It provides a reliable foundation for the application of nonperturbative methods adopted from strong field QED, that allows one to include in the consideration more general models of the field (arbitrary polarization and time dependence) and extend the scope of the theory.
Editorial Referateband 2019
Authors: Dazert Stefan 
Published: April 2019

Liebe Kolleginnen, liebe Kollegen,es freut mich außerordentlich, den aus meiner Sicht sehr spannenden Referateband zur 90. Jahresversammlung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie vorzustellen. Die hochinteressanten wissenschaftlichen Abhandlungen aus neun Universitäten bearbeiten unterschiedliche Bereiche zum Kongressthema „Digitalisierung in der HNO-Heilkunde“ und zeigen wichtige Aspekte für die Weiterentwicklung und Zukunftssicherung unseres Fachgebietes auf.
Psychosoziale Charakterisierung und Integrative Versorgung arbeitsloser Jugendlicher mit extremer Adipositas – ein Modellprojekt
Authors: Mühlig Yvonne , Remy Miriam , Holle Rolf , Scherag André , Wabitsch Martin , Hebebrand Johannes 
Published: April 2019

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Soziale Benachteiligung stellt eine Behandlungsbarriere für Jugendliche mit (extremer) Adipositas dar. Mit der Implementierung einer Spezialambulanz in Kooperation mit fünf Job-Centern sollte geprüft werden, ob arbeitslose Jugendliche mit Adipositas Interesse an einer Behandlung ihrer Adipositas haben und welche Teilnahmeraten sie in einem mehrstufigen Behandlungsprogramm aufweisen.
Material und Methoden Jugendliche (15,0–24,9 Jahre) mit einem Body-Mass-Index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 erhielten das Angebot zur Beratung bzgl. Behandlungsmöglichkeiten der Adipositas im Job-Center. Interessierte Jugendliche wurden nach einer psychologischen Diagnostik in ein multimodales Behandlungsprogramm (6 Sitzungen) aufgenommen. Bei Interesse und bewiesener Adhärenz (Teilnahme an ≥5 Sitzungen) folgte ein Informationskurs (4 Sitzungen) und eine Indikationsprüfung für eine adipositaschirurgische Maßnahme.
Ergebnisse Von 2012–2017 wurden 83 Jugendliche (im Mittel 21,1 Jahre, BMI 48,1 kg/m2, BMI 35,0–39,9 kg/m2: N=7, ≥ 40 kg/m2: N=71) eingeschlossen. 34 bewiesen ihre Adhärenz (≥5/6 Sitzungen in der multimodalen Adipositasintervention), 20 interessierten sich für einen adipositaschirurgischen Eingriff. Bisher wurden 11 Jugendliche operiert mit einer mittleren BMI-Reduktion von 14,3 kg/m2 3–36 Monate nach der Operation („Excess Weight Loss“ 27,3%) im Vergleich zu 3,8 kg/m2 6–48 Monate nach Behandlungsbeginn bei den nicht-operierten Jugendlichen. 13 Teilnehmer wurden auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt integriert.
Diskussion Einige arbeitslose Jugendliche nahmen das Behandlungsangebot gut an und zeigten eine positive gesundheitliche und berufliche Entwicklung im Verlauf ihrer Teilnahme.
Schlussfolgerung Die Implementierung einer Spezialambulanz für arbeitslose Jugendliche mit Adipositas in deutschen Job-Centern erweist sich als eine erfolgreiche Strategie, um diese oft unbehandelte Hochrisikogruppe zu charakterisieren und den individuellen Behandlungsbedarf zu ermitteln. Dieser Befund muss an einer größeren Stichprobe im Langzeitverlauf bestätigt werden.
Safety, efficacy, and removability of a fully covered multi-hole metal stent in a swine model of hilar biliary stricture: a feasibility study
Authors: Park Jin-Seok , Jeong Seok , Kobayashi Makoto , Lee Don 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Use of fully covered self-expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) for biliary drainage of malignant hilar biliary strictures is limited because of risk of cholangitis due to side branch obstruction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of unilateral placement of a multi-hole FCSEMS (FCSEMS-MH), which had a 2.5-mm hole in the center of the membrane on each cavity, in a swine model of hilar biliary stricture.
Materials and methods Six female mini pigs were included in this prospective study. The hilar biliary stricture model was prepared using an endobiliary radiofrequency ablation. FCSEMS-MHs were endoscopically inserted into the peri-hilar bile duct of all the animals. Outcomes were assessed in terms of adverse events (AEs) including cholangitis, stent patency, stent migration, and endoscopic stent removability for 1 month after stenting.
Results In terms of hilar biliary stricture types, two animals were of Bismuth type I and four were of type II. Technical success rate for endoscopic metal stenting was 100 % (6/6), and the functional success rate, which was evaluated 7 days after stent insertion, was also 100 % (5/5). The immediate overall AE rate was 0 %. There was no procedure-related mortality and stent migration did not occur in any animal during the 4-week stent indwelling period. Stents were removed from all six animals at 4 weeks post-stenting.
Conclusion Unilateral placement of FCSEMS-MH might be safe and effect for swine hilar biliary stricture models. However, long-term follow-up and comparative studies are needed to verify the usefulness of this stent.
Jejunal diaphragm disease associated with cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Kagebayashi Sumika , Yamamoto Shuji , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Diaphragm disease (DD) is a rare gastrointestinal disease featuring multiple thin, circumferential strictures in the intestine, related to prolonged intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Here, we report a case of DD associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in a patient not taking NSAIDs. A 72-year-old man was referred to our hospital due to persistent epigastric pain. Push enteroscopy showed extensive mucosal detachment in the upper jejunum. Immunohistochemistry examination of biopsy specimens revealed CMV positivity. In addition, CMV antigenemia was positive. Antiviral treatment with ganciclovir improved his symptoms and the CMV antigenemia became negative. Wireless capsule enteroscopy performed 1 month after antiviral treatment showed regenerated mucosa and multiple diaphragm-like strictures in the jejunum, resulting in capsule retention. Balloon dilatation using double balloon enteroscopy (DBE) was performed and the capsule was retrieved endoscopically. DBE 6 months after antiviral therapy confirmed no recurrence of stenosis or inflammation. The patient had no history of long-term NSAID use. In a case of DD unassociated with NSAIDs, CMV infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Endoscopic management of common bile duct stones: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline
Authors: Manes Gianpiero , Paspatis Gregorios , Aabakken Lars , Anderloni Andrea , Arvanitakis Marianna , Ah-Soune Philippe , Barthet Marc , Domagk Dirk , Dumonceau Jean-Marc , Gigot Jean-Francois , Hritz Istvan , Karamanolis George , Laghi Andrea , Mariani Alberto , Paraskeva Konstantina , Pohl Jürgen , Ponchon Thierry , Swahn Fredrik , ter Steege Rinze W. F. , Tringali Andrea , Vezakis Antonios , Williams Earl J. , van Hooft Jeanin E. 
Published: April 2019

Main RecommendationsESGE recommends offering stone extraction to all patients with common bile duct stones, symptomatic or not, who are fit enough to tolerate the intervention.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.ESGE recommends liver function tests and abdominal ultrasonography as the initial diagnostic steps for suspected common bile duct stones. Combining these tests defines the probability of having common bile duct stones.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends endoscopic ultrasonography or magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography to diagnose common bile duct stones in patients with persistent clinical suspicion but insufficient evidence of stones on abdominal ultrasonography.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends the following timing for biliary drainage, preferably endoscopic, in patients with acute cholangitis, classified according to the 2018 revision of the Tokyo Guidelines:– severe, as soon as possible and within 12 hours for patients with septic shock– moderate, within 48 – 72 hours– mild, elective.Strong recommendation, low quality evidence.ESGE recommends endoscopic placement of a temporary biliary plastic stent in patients with irretrievable biliary stones that warrant biliary drainage.Strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence.ESGE recommends limited sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large-balloon dilation as the first-line approach to remove difficult common bile duct stones. Strong recommendation, high quality evidence.ESGE recommends the use of cholangioscopy-assisted intraluminal lithotripsy (electrohydraulic or laser) as an effective and safe treatment of difficult bile duct stones.Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.ESGE recommends performing a laparoscopic cholecystectomy within 2 weeks from ERCP for patients treated for choledocholithiasis to reduce the conversion rate and the risk of recurrent biliary events. Strong recommendation, moderate quality evidence.
Predicting and Preventing Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Lee Sung , Russ Andrew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractComplications after colorectal surgery are common. Given the frequency of postoperative complications and their implications on quality of life, it is important to know how to predict and prevent the complications that we encounter. This article aims to provide ways to predict and prevent postoperative complications in colorectal surgery. Here, we review the predictive models, American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program risk calculator and Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity on their practicality and usefulness. Additionally, this review summarizes nonmodifiable and modifiable risk factors in colorectal surgery, which are important for surgeons to understand to minimize and attempt to avoid postoperative complications as well as providing ways to optimize patients preoperatively. Thus, this review will provide information to surgeons to predict and prevent postoperative complications, how to optimize patients preoperatively and ultimately to help reduce their occurrence.
Recognition and Management of Colonic Perforation following Endoscopy
Authors: Thompson Earl , Snyder Jonathan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough rare, perforation can be a devastating complication of colonoscopy. Incidence ranges from 0.012 to 0.65% during diagnostic procedures and is higher in therapeutic procedures. Early diagnosis and management are of paramount importance to decrease morbidity. Diagnostic imaging after colonoscopy can reveal extraintestinal air, but overall clinical status including leukocytosis, fever, pain, and peritonitis is equally important to determine management. With the expanding availability of complex endoscopic interventions, an increasing number of perforations are recognized during colonoscopy or immediately afterward based on high degree of suspicion. Colonoscopic management of these early perforations may be feasible and avoid the morbidity of surgery. Patients who require surgery may be managed with laparoscopic or open surgical techniques. Surgical management may consist of primary repair of the injury, resection with anastomosis, or resection with ostomy. Mechanical bowel preparation before endoscopy decreases fecal contamination after perforation, often obviating the need for ostomy creation.
Chin Augmentation Using Silastic Implants
Authors: Newberry Christopher , Mobley Steven 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn aesthetically pleasing face is centered on strength, symmetry, and balance. A defined, well-projected chin and jawline are crucial to this harmony and recontouring the lower third of the face plays a significant role in plastic surgery. Chin augmentation can be performed with injectables, implantation, or osseous genioplasty. The selection of the best procedure is based on the type and extent of deformity. This article reviews chin augmentation with emphasis on alloplast implantation. The relevant anatomy, patient evaluation, implant indications and limitations, alloplast selection, and surgical techniques in implantation are presented.
Assessing the Safety of Custom Web-Based Clinical Decision Support Systems in Electronic Health Records: A Case Study
Authors: Thayer Jeritt , Miller Jeffrey , Fiks Alexander , Tague Linda , Grundmeier Robert 
Published: April 2019

Background With the widespread adoption of vendor-supplied electronic health record (EHR) systems, clinical decision support (CDS) customization efforts beyond those anticipated by the vendor may require the use of technologies external to the EHR such as web services. Pursuing such customizations, however, is not without risk. Validating the expected behavior of a customized CDS system in the high-volume, complex environment of the live EHR is a challenging problem.
Objective This article identifies technology failures that impacted clinical care related to web service-based advanced custom CDS systems embedded in the complex sociotechnical context of a production EHR.
Methods In an academic health system’s primary care network, we performed an inventory of incidents between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2016 related to a customized CDS system and performed a targeted review of changes in the CDS source code. Additional feedback on the root cause of individual incidents was obtained through interviews with members of the CDS project teams.
Results We identified five CDS malfunctions that impaired clinical workflow. The mechanisms for these failures are mapped to four characteristics of well-behaved applications: (1) system integrity; (2) data integrity; (3) reliability; and (4) scalability. Over the 9-year period, two malfunctions of the customized CDS significantly impaired clinical workflow for a total of 5 hours. Lesser impacts—loss of individual features with straightforward workarounds—arose from three malfunctions, which affected users on 53 days.
Discussion Advanced customization of EHRs for the purpose of CDS can present significant risks to clinical workflow.
Conclusion This case study highlights that advanced customization of CDS within a commercial EHR may support care for complex patient populations, but ongoing monitoring and support is required to ensure its safe use.