bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘These Off-beat “Crazy Kids and Gals”’: Jazz in Ireland, 1918–1960
Authors: Evans Damian 
Published: July 2019

This paper conducts a historical overview of jazz in Ireland, with a focus on the Dublin jazz scene from 1918 to 1960. Using archival resources, it looks at black and black-influenced music, minstrelsy and blackface before examining the arrival and reception of early jazz in what was then part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. It traces the changing nature of the Dublin jazz scene, covering topics such as jazz as dance music, the anti-jazz movement and the development of the dominant narrative of jazz as art-form that continues to this day.
This paper also documents the shifting reception of jazz in Ireland from a threatening foreign music through to a music that has served the purposes of both entertainment and art. It makes a case for the Irish jazz narrative to include the activities of amateur musicians, dance band musicians and others, arguing that their involvement with jazz went beyond a casual interest, establishing an active community of practice that constituted an early Irish jazz scene.
PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NO. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 DALAM BINGKAI HUKUM PROGRESIF
Authors: Sarifudin Sarifudin , Abdillah Kudrat 
Published: July 2019

Tulisan ini mengkaji putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 ditinjau dari optik hukum progresif. Mahkamah Konstitusi lewat putusannya telah membuat terobosan baru yang cukup kontroversial. Keberaniannya di dalam mencari kebenaran dan keadilan substantif telah menghantarkannya kepada upaya rule breaking terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan yang telah ada. Tulisan ini berangkat dari kegelisahan akademik tentang pertanyaan ada tidaknya semangat hukum progresif dalam putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010. Dalam penelitian ini, teori utama yang digunakan adalah teori hukum progresif dari Satjipto Rahardjo dengan pendekatan kasus (case approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Pendekatan kasus digunakan penulis untuk memahami dan menguraikan alasan-alasan hukum (ratio decidendi) yang digunakan oleh hakim Mahkamah Konstitusi untuk sampai kepada putusannya. Sedangkan dengan pendekatan konseptual, penulis mencoba merujuk kepada pandangan-pandangan para ahli hukum untuk memahami secara benar dan komprehensif terhadap konsep hukum progresif. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini adalah bahwa putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 telah mencerminkan semangat hukum progresif.
The Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey: Polarimetry of the Southern Sky from 300 to 480 MHz
Authors: Wolleben M. , Landecker T. L. , Carretti E. , Dickey J. M. , Fletcher A. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , McConnell D. , Thomson A. J. M. , Hill A. S. , Gaensler B. M. , Han J.-L. , Haverkorn M. , Leahy J. P. , Reich W. , Taylor A. R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Much data on the Galactic polarized radio emission has been gathered in the last five decades. All-sky surveys have been made, but only in narrow, widely spaced frequency bands—and the data are inadequate for the characterization of Faraday rotation, the main determinant of the appearance of the polarized radio sky at decimeter wavelengths. We describe a survey of polarized radio emission from the southern sky, aiming to characterize the magneto-ionic medium, particularly the strength and configuration of the magnetic field. This work is part of the Global Magneto-Ionic Medium Survey (GMIMS). We have designed and built a feed and receiver covering the band 300–900 MHz for the CSIRO Parkes 64 m Telescope. We have surveyed the entire sky between decl. −90° and +20°. We present data covering 300–480 MHz with angular resolution 81′–45′. The survey intensity scale is absolutely calibrated, based on measurements of resistors at known temperatures and on an assumed flux density and spectral index for Taurus A. Data are presented as brightness temperatures. We have applied Rotation Measure Synthesis to the data to obtain a Faraday depth cube of resolution 5.9 rad m−2, sensitivity of 60 mK of polarized intensity, and angular resolution 1.°35. The data presented in this paper are available at the Canadian Astronomy Data Centre.
OSSOS. XV. Probing the Distant Solar System with Observed Scattering TNOs
Authors: Kaib Nathan A. , Pike Rosemary , Lawler Samantha , Kovalik Maya , Brown Christopher , Alexandersen Mike , Bannister Michele T. , Gladman Brett J. , Petit Jean-Marc 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Most known trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) that gravitationally scatter off the giant planets have orbital inclinations that are consistent with an origin from the classical Kuiper Belt; however, a small fraction of these “scattering TNOs” have inclinations that are far too large (i > 45°) for this origin. These scattering outliers have previously been proposed to be interlopers from the Oort cloud or evidence of an undiscovered planet. Here we test these hypotheses using N-body simulations and the 69 centaurs and scattering TNOs detected in the Outer Solar Systems Origins Survey and its predecessors. We confirm that observed scattering objects cannot solely originate from the classical Kuiper Belt, and we show that both the Oort cloud and a distant planet generate observable highly-inclined scatterers. Although the number of highly-inclined scatterers from the Oort Cloud is ∼3 times less than observed, Oort cloud enrichment from the Sun’s galactic migration or birth cluster could resolve this. Meanwhile, a distant, low-eccentricity 5 M
⊕ planet replicates the observed fraction of highly-inclined scatterers, but the overall inclination distribution is more excited than observed. Furthermore, the distant planet generates a longitudinal asymmetry among detached TNOs that is less extreme than often presumed and its direction reverses across the perihelion range spanned by known TNOs. More complete models that explore the dynamical origins of the planet are necessary to further study these features. With well-characterized observational biases, our work shows that the orbital distribution of detected scattering bodies is a powerful constraint on the unobserved distant solar system.
The Measured Impact of Chromatic Atmospheric Effects on Barycentric Corrections: Results from the EXtreme PREcision Spectrograph
Authors: Blackman Ryan T. , Ong 王 加 J. M. Joel 冕 , Fischer Debra A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
One source of error in high-precision radial velocity measurements of exoplanet host stars is chromatic change in Earth’s atmospheric transmission during observations. Mitigation of this error requires that the photon-weighted barycentric correction be applied as a function of wavelength across the stellar spectrum. We have designed a system for chromatic photon-weighted barycentric corrections with the EXtreme PREcision Spectrograph and present results from the first year of operations, based on radial velocity measurements of more than 103 high-resolution stellar spectra. For observation times longer than 250 s, we find that if the chromatic component of the barycentric corrections is ignored, a range of radial velocity errors up to 1 m s−1 can be incurred with cross-correlation, depending on the nightly atmospheric conditions. For this distribution of errors, the standard deviation is 8.4 cm s−1 for G-type stars, 8.5 cm s−1 for K-type stars, and 2.1 cm s−1 for M-type stars. This error is reduced to well-below the instrumental and photon-noise limited floor by frequent flux sampling of the observed star with a low-resolution exposure meter spectrograph.
GeoDarwin, an Open-Source Geological Data Management Tool
Authors: Lahogue Pascale , Herpers Jean-Marc , Theeten Franck , VandenSpiegel Didier 
Published: July 2019

The Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA) holds one of the largest world collections of geological samples and documents about Central Africa (Congo, Rwanda, Burundi), offering unique reference material. The Geology services of RMCA contain around 16,000 minerals, 300,000 rocks, 21,500 fossils, and 30,000 maps. Their Archives include field notes, books, maps, and aerial photography containing valuable complementary information.
GeoDaRWIN is an “in-house” solution developed by RMCA as a collections management system for geological collections. Created using Microsoft Access, the model is currently transferred to open source software’s consisting of a PostgreSQL database and a customizable web-interface based on the Symfony 3 framework. Development began in 2018 and is still ongoing. Around 12,000 samples, 29,000 documents, and 30,500 localizations are already in the database.
GeoDaRWIN manages three categories collection materials: 1) field observations with their localization (e.g., coordinates, lithostratigraphy, drilling, structural analysis), 2) samples (minerals, rocks, fossils) and the results of their analysis (e.g., constituent minerals of rocks, heavy minerals, granulometry, magnetic susceptibility), and 3) documents (e.g., maps, archives, aerial photos, satellite images, documentation). In the model, these three types of information (field observations, samples, and documents) retain the existing relationships between them.
The aim of the project is to centralize all data in a single system on a service that can be available both on internet and intranet. It thus offers a common relational data model for these different geological items. The emphasis has been set on the integration of a hierarchical thesaurus of keywords, which can be mapped to several international vocabularies (e.g., INSPIRE, GEMET, examples coming from the GeoSciML documentation).
A Github repository of the database web interface in Symfony 3.4 is available at: https://github.com/naturalsciences/ natural_heritage_geology.
This system aims also to be compliant with the central data portal developed by the Royal Museum for Central Africa, the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, and Meise Botanical Garden. This portal will provide a common gateway to Belgian scientific data, one of the objectives of the project “Natural Heritage”, along with the development of databases for biological data (database called “DaRWIN”, more info on poster “DaRWIN, Open Source system for collections data management”) and geological data (“GeoDaRWIN”). See more info about project “Natural Heritage” in the poster "NaturalHeritage: Bridging Belgian Natural History Collections".
Infrastructure for Long-term Preservation and OCR Analysis of Herbarium Images
Authors: Cazenave Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

Herbaria hold large numbers of specimens: approximately 22 million herbarium specimens exist as botanical reference objects in Germany, 20 million in France and about 500 million worldwide. High resolution digital images of these specimens take up substantial bandwidth and disk space. New methods of extracting information from the specimen labels have been developed using OCR (Optical character recognition) techniques, but the exploitation of this technology for biological specimens is particularly complex due to the presence of biological material in the image with the text, the non-standard vocabularies, alongside the variation and age of the fonts. Much of the information is handwritten and natural handwriting pattern recognition is a less mature technology than OCR. Today, our system (eTDR-European Trusted digital Repository) provides the OCR technology (using Tesseract software) adapted to the requirements of herbarium specimen images and requires minimal installation in each institution. This is what we propose to make available to botanists with our portal.
The goal for a museum is to be able to submit a large number of scanned images easily to a long-term archiving system in order to automatically obtain OCR texts and retrieve them by a full text search on an open data portal.
Most of the images are provided for reuse through CC-BY licenses. In each case, the rights of reuse associated with the data are specified in associated metadata.
This pilot was an opportunity to test the long-term storage service eTDR provided by CINES. The services (B2SAFE, B2Handle) developed by EUDAT were used to facilitate the transfer of data to the storage repository and to provide indexing services for access to that repository.
This workflow that has been tested for the european project ICEDIG is presented as a poster: See the document (Suppl. material 1).
Specimen Data Refinery: A landscape analysis on machine learning, computer vision and automated approaches to capture specimen metadata
Authors: Livermore Laurence , Cubey Robert 
Published: July 2019

Capturing data from specimen images is the most viable way of enriching specimen metadata cheaply and quickly compared to traditional digitisation. Advances in machine learning and computer vision-based tools, and their increasing accessibility and affordability, are greatly increasing the potential to take automated measurements and capture other data from specimens themselves, as well as to transcribe label data.
More sophisticated segmentation of images allows us to find parts of interest: particular labels; individual specimens on a slide; or barcodes. Following segmentation, there is the potential to use colour analysis of specimens to perform conditional checking, such as looking for bad cases of verdigris in pinned insects or discoloration of gum-chloral mountant. Automating measurements and landmark analysis of specimens can be used to create trait datasets, all of which will enrich our knowledge of specimens. Segmentation of labels can allow us to cluster similar labels based on their visual properties including colour, shape and patterns—this in turn can be used to make optical character recognition, handwriting recognition and manual transcription much more efficient. Atomising, validating and resolving label data will create structured label data that can be more easily stored, searched and linked to other datasets.
We present a landscape analysis on the approaches, summarising previous work, and outline our plan to build future tools and systems in the SYNTHESYS+ Project as part of the Specimen Data Refinery. This will cover the sharing of tools, reducing barriers to access, integrating workflow engines into a software architecture that allows the components to be re-used and re-purposed with provenance data for repeatability, and conforms with the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability (FAIR) principles (Wilkinson et al. 2016).
Slow Science for a Sustainable Agriculture
Authors: Lybaert Anissa , Macklin James 
Published: July 2019

“Data is the lifeblood of decision-making and the raw material for accountability.” (Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations)
Agriculture depends on living organisms: the resources that we grow and harvest (crops, livestock), the many naturally-occurring organisms that support agro-ecosystem services and those that are considered pests. Biodiversity represents the pool of resources upon which production systems are based. This ecosystem-based understanding of agriculture is fast replacing the simplistic input-output paradigm that was once prevalent. Reflecting this trend, the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations created a Department of Climate, Biodiversity, Land and Water in 2016. This shift is also perceived in trends in research supporting agriculture, where research towards fast fixes (eg. genetic engineering) for food security and production sustainability, is steadily losing ground to more systemic approaches and “Slow Science”. This includes information derived from observation-based, long-term, multi-location data gathering from, for example, newly-termed Living Laboratories or Genomic Observatories. These activities generate a diverse set of data types complemented with extensive physical-chemical and climate data to enable more comprehensive and scientifically defensible assessments of biodiversity for policy and regulatory decision-making. However, the data associated with these entities can be very large, raising several challenges. First, a robust IT infrastructure must exist and persist to both store the data and to facilitate analysis often associated with high-performance computing. Next, this infrastructure must be supported by a data management policy, which responsibly dictates what data is preserved and for what time period as most institutions must be cognisant of their limited IT resources. The data, where not sensitive, must typically be openly shared to allow for use in other projects from local to global scale. This sharing relies on global data standards managed by a multitude of standard bodies and spread across a diverse set of data types. However, this new paradigm, especially with the constant advent of new technologies such as those implemented in genomic observatories and precision agriculture, has challenged standards bodies to keep up. Another challenge lies in the analysis and management of this big data, which relies on a new set of skills not traditionally found in agricultural science including data scientists and data curators. Finally, a major challenge to this “Slow Science” approach are the research funding models themselves that are not highly supportive of long-term, and often non-hypothesis-driven research. We will discuss these challenges and provide some examples of progress being made to embrace this new “Slow Science” agricultural paradigm.
Character Codegrees of Maximal Class -groups
Authors: Croome Sarah , Lewis Mark L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLet$G$be a$p$-group and let$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}$be an irreducible character of $G$. The codegree of$\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}$is given by$|G:\,\text{ker}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D712})|/\unicode[STIX]{x1D712}(1)$. If$G$is a maximal class$p$-group that is normally monomial or has at most three character degrees, then the codegrees of$G$are consecutive powers of $p$. If$|G|=p^{n}$and$G$has consecutive$p$-power codegrees up to $p^{n-1}$, then the nilpotence class of$G$is at most 2 or$G$has maximal class.
Stratospheric aerosol characteristics from space-borne observations: extinction coefficient and Ångström exponent
Authors: Malinina Elizaveta , Rozanov Alexei , Rieger Landon , Bourassa Adam , Bovensmann Heinrich , Burrows John P. , Degenstein Doug 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosols are of a great importance to the scientific community, predominantly because of their role in climate, but also because accurate knowledge of aerosol characteristics is relevant for trace gas retrievals from remote-sensing instruments. There are several data sets published which provide aerosol extinction coefficients in the stratosphere. However, for the instruments measuring in the limb-viewing geometry, the use of this parameter is associated with uncertainties resulting from the need to assume an aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) within the retrieval process. These uncertainties can be mitigated if PSD information is retrieved. While occultation instruments provide more accurate information on the aerosol extinction coefficient, in this study, it was shown that limb instruments are more sensitive to the smaller particles in the visible–near-infrared spectral range. However, the sensitivity of occultation instruments improves if the UV part of the wavelength spectrum is considered. A data set containing PSD information was recently retrieved from SCIAMACHY limb measurements and provides two parameters of the unimodal lognormal PSD for the SCIAMACHY operational period (2002–2012). In this study, the data set is expanded by aerosol extinction coefficients and Ångström exponents calculated from the retrieved PSD parameters. Parameter errors for the recalculated Ångström exponents and aerosol extinction coefficients are assessed using synthetic retrievals. For the extinction coefficient the resulting parameter error is within ±25 %, and for the Ångström exponent, it is better than 10 %. The SCIAMACHY aerosol extinction coefficients recalculated from PSD parameters are compared to those from SAGE II. The differences between the instruments vary from 0 % to 25 % depending on the wavelength. Ångström exponent comparison with SAGE II shows differences between 10 % at 31 km and 40 % at 18 km. Comparisons with SAGE II, however, suffer from the low number of collocated profiles. Furthermore, the Ångström exponents obtained from the limb-viewing instrument OSIRIS are used for the comparison. This comparison shows an average difference within 7 %. The time series of these differences do not show signatures of any remarkable events (e.g., volcanic eruptions or biomass burning events). In addition, the temporal behaviour of the Ångström exponent in the tropics is analyzed using the SCIAMACHY data set. It is shown that there is no trivial relation between the Ångström exponent value at a single wavelength pair and the PSD because the same value of Ångström exponent can be obtained from an infinite number of combinations of the PSD parameters.
Ozone and temperature decadal solar-cycle responses, and their relation to diurnal variations in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED
Authors: Huang Frank T. , Mayr Hans G. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract. There is evidence that the ozone and temperature
responses to the solar cycle of ∼11 years depend on the local
times of measurements. Here we present relevant results based on SABER data
over a full diurnal cycle, which were not previously available. In this area, almost
all satellite data used are measured at only one or two fixed local times, which
can differ among various satellites. Consequently, estimates of
responses can be different depending on the specific data set. Furthermore, over
years, due to orbital drift, the local times of the measurements of some
satellites have also drifted. In contrast, SABER makes measurements at
various local times, providing the opportunity to estimate diurnal
variations over 24 h. We can then also estimate responses to the solar
cycle over both a diurnal cycle and at the fixed local times of specific
satellite data for comparison. Responses derived in this study, based on
zonal means of SABER measurements, agree favorably with previous studies
based on data from the HALOE instrument, which only measured data at sunrise
and sunset, thereby supporting the analysis of both studies. We find that
for ozone above ∼40 km, zonal means reflecting specific local
times (e.g., 6, 12, 18, 24 LST – local solar time) lead to different values of responses, and
to different responses based on zonal means that are also averages over the
24 h local time period, as in 3-D models. For temperature, the effects of diurnal variations on the responses are not negligible even at ∼30 km
and above. We also considered the consequences of local time variations
due to orbital drifts of certain operational satellites, and, for both ozone
and temperature, their effects can be significant above ∼30 km. Previous studies based on other satellite data do not describe the
treatment, if any, of local times. Some studies also analyzed data merged
from different sources, with measurements made at different local times.
Generally, the results of these studies do not agree very well among
themselves. Although responses are a function of diurnal variations, this is
not to say that they are the major reason for the differences, as there are
likely other data-related issues. The effects due to satellite orbital drift
may explain some unexpected variations in the responses, especially above 40 km.