bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic histopathological features distinguishing palmoplantar pustulosis from pompholyx
Authors: Masuda‐Kuroki Kana , Murakami Masamoto , Kishibe Mari , Kobayashi Satomi , Okubo Yukari , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Terui Tadashi , Sayama Koji 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPalmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) and pompholyx are both chronic and relapsing diseases occurring on the palms and soles. Although these two diseases have been considered completely different from each other, it is sometimes very difficult even for dermatologists to differentiate them from each other because of their similarities in clinical presentation. In this study, we aimed to analyze the histopathological features of PPP and pompholyx and find out “clues” to differentiate between PPP and pompholyx by their histopathological features. The histopathology of 11 PPP and six pompholyx patients, who were diagnosed with typical clinical history and histopathology, were carefully observed. PPP cases were divided into three phases (vesicle, pustulovesicule and pustule) and pompholyx cases were divided into two phases (vesicle and pustule), and histopathological findings and a 4‐point checklist to distinguish between PPP and pompholyx were preliminarily established. To confirm whether the checklist establishes the clues for diagnosis, biopsy samples from 43 patients (32 PPP and 11 pompholyx) who had been already diagnosed at five hospitals were examined according to our checklist without any additional clinical information. According to our 4‐point checklist, 31 of 32 PPP patients and all 11 pompholyx patients were diagnosed histopathologically consistent with their clinical diagnosis. In conclusion, histopathological findings of “vesicles without spongiosis” and “microabscess on the edges of vesicles” would be impact points for the differential diagnosis between PPP and pompholyx. The 4‐point checklist was trustworthy to distinguish between PPP and pompholyx.
Perfectly matched layer boundary conditions for frequency‐domain acoustic wave simulation in the mesh‐free discretization
Authors: Liu Xin , Liu Yang , Ren Zhiming , Li Bei 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTMesh‐free discretization, flexibly distributing nodes without computationally expensive meshing process, is able to deal with staircase problem, oversampling and undersampling problems and saves plenty of nodes through distributing nodes suitably with respect to irregular boundaries and model parameters. However, the time‐domain mesh‐free discretization usually exhibits poorer stability than that in regular grid discretization. In order to reach unconditional stability and easy implementation in parallel computing, we develop the frequency‐domain finite‐difference method in a mesh‐free discretization, incorporated with two perfectly matched layer boundary conditions. Furthermore, to maintain the flexibility of mesh‐free discretization, the nodes are still irregularly distributed in the absorbing zone, which complicates the situation of artificial boundary reflections. In this paper, we implement frequency‐domain acoustic wave modelling in a mesh‐free system. First, we present the perfectly matched layer boundary condition to suppress spurious reflections. Moreover, we develop the complex frequency shifted–perfectly matched layer boundary condition to improve the attenuation of grazing waves. In addition, we employ the radial‐basis‐function‐generated finite difference method in the mesh‐free discretization to calculate spatial derivatives. The numerical experiment on a rectangle homogeneous model shows the effectiveness of the perfectly matched layer boundary condition and the complex frequency shifted–perfectly matched layer boundary condition, and the latter one is better than the former one when absorbing large angle incident waves. The experiment on the Marmousi model suggests that the complex frequency shifted–perfectly matched layer boundary condition works well for complicated models.
Effect of religious priming in prosocial and destructive behaviour
Authors: Zhang Jipeng , Brown Elizabeth , Xie Huan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study the behavioural impact of religious priming by showing participants religious words in a scrambled sentence task before a dictator game and a joy‐of‐destruction game. We also elicited data on individual religiosity and religious affiliation using a questionnaire. Priming religious words significantly increased prosocial behaviour in the dictator game, and the effect was especially striking among those reporting no religion, atheists and agnostics. The religious prime has no significant effect in mitigating destructive behaviour or own expectations of the other's destruction choice, but both destructive behaviour and expectations correlate positively with the multi‐dimensional religiosity measure.
Impacts of Starch and the Interactions Between Starch and Other Macromolecules on Wheat Falling Number
Authors: He Yuezhen , Lin Yu‐Lian , Chen Chen , Tsai Min‐Hui , Lin Amy Hui‐Mei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWheat with a low falling number (FN) has been particularly prevalent in recent years and has resulted in a loss of more than $140 million in a single year in the wheat industry in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. FN measurement is a standard method for the evaluation of grain α‐amylase activity, and a low FN indicates a reduction in hot wholemeal paste viscosity due to sprouting damage. Recent studies show that a low FN may result from a developmental change of starch and adverse effects of non‐α‐amylase macromolecules on wheat. In this review, we describe the principles of FN measurement and the relationship between FN and α‐amylase. We also discuss the isozymes, locations, and inhibitors of wheat α‐amylase. The effects of various aspects of starch, which is the substrate of α‐amylase, on wheat FN are also discussed, including starch structural characteristics (for example, starch granule architecture), starch susceptibility to α‐amylase, and the interaction between starch and nonstarch macromolecules (for example, lipids). Studies on the effects of planting environments (for example, temperature) and agronomic practices (for example, irrigation and fertilization) on both starch paste viscosity and FN are also reviewed. This paper highlights the importance of considering the impacts of starch and the interactions of starch and other macromolecules, including wheat α‐amylase, on wheat FN, which is important for developing strategies to solve the low FN problem.
The Reconstruction of the Dynamic of a Murder Using 3D Motion Capture and 3D Model Buildings: The Investigation of a Dubious Forensic Case
Authors: Aquila Isabella , Sacco Matteo A. , Aquila Giuseppe , Raffaele Roberto , Manca Alfredo , Capoccia Giuseppe , Cordasco Fabrizio , Ricci Pietrantonio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPhotographic surveying is fundamental to crime scene investigation. It is performed using 2D images; however, this method is limited because it does not offer a detailed view. We present a 3D (three‐dimensional) experimental model that has clarified unsolved aspects of a homicide. A woman was found dead in her home. Considering the large number of injuries on the victim, signs of the use of two weapons, and the absence of traces of the killer/s, several hypotheses about the dynamics and the number of offenders were made. The forensic surveys suggested that a single offender had used two weapons at the same time, but this hypothesis was considered to be impossible by investigators. Our 3D model allowed us to experimentally reproduce the murder and compare various dynamics. The model was used as evidence in Court to prove the hypothesis of a single killer and demonstrate that no other people were involved.
Multiplex PCR targeting lineage‐specific SNPs: A highly efficient and simple approach to block out predator sequences in molecular gut content analysis
Authors: Krehenwinkel Henrik , Kennedy Susan R. , Adams Seira A. , Stephenson Gregg T. , Roy Kylle , Gillespie Rosemary G. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Food webs form the basis of biological communities, though empirical research has been hindered by difficulties in quantifying interactions. Metabarcoding from predator gut content extractions with universal primers promises to provide simple and rapid insights into food web interactions. However, the highly overabundant predator DNA often completely out‐competes that of the digested prey DNA during PCR, impeding the ability to assess the abundance and diversity of prey items.

Focusing on the issue of overabundance of predator DNA amplified by a commonly used COI primer pair, we use predator lineage‐specific SNPs at the 3’‐end of PCR primers to selectively block out predators from amplification. While this approach largely prevents predator amplification, it retains high taxonomic versatility for prey lineages. We introduce a novel multilocus assay, targeting four nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA markers, and test our approach in a diverse set of spiders from 12 families. We estimate the recovered prey DNA proportions and compare the taxonomic composition of prey communities between markers. Using a feeding experiment, we also explore recovery of prey DNA over time.

While commonly used COI primers yield low and very unpredictable amounts of prey DNA, our assay allows for a considerable and consistent prey enrichment across all tested species. The recovered prey's taxonomic composition is comparable between markers and supports results acquired by COI. The new marker set can be amplified in a simple multiplex PCR, considerably reducing the necessary workload.

Our multilocus approach allows the generation of an unprecedented amount of prey data at low cost and effort. Lineage‐specific PCR is taxonomically versatile and could readily be adapted to any prey–predator interaction, opening up the opportunity for community‐wide studies on food web interactions.
Immunolocalization of DMRTB1 in human testis with normal and impaired spermatogenesis
Authors: Hilbold E. , Bergmann M. , Fietz D. , Kliesch S. , Weidner W. , Langeheine M. , Rode K. , Brehm R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe transcription factorDMRTB1 plays a pivotal role in coordinating the transition between mitosis and meiosis in murine germ cells. No reliable data are available for human testis.ObjectivesThe present study aims to examine the testicular expression pattern ofDMRTB1 in men showing normal and impaired spermatogenesis.Materials and methodsImmunohistochemistry was performed using 54 human testicular biopsy specimens and a commercial rabbit polyclonal anti‐DMRTB1 primary antibody.RT‐PCRcomplemented immunohistochemistry. To further characterize immunopositive cells and possible co‐localization, the proliferation marker Ki‐67, the tumor markerPLAP, and an anti‐DMRT1 antibody were used.ResultsIn men with normal spermatogenesis, a strong immunoreactivity was detectable in a subset of spermatogonia (38.34 ± 2.14%). Some spermatocytes showed a weak immunostaining. Adjacent Sertoli cells were immunonegative. Compared with a hematoxylin and eosin overview staining, these immunopositive cells were almost exclusively identified as Apaleand B spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes in (pre‐)leptotene, zygotene, and pachytene stages. In patients with spermatogenic arrest at spermatogonial level, an altered staining pattern was found. No immunoreactivity was detected in Sertoli cells in Sertoli cell‐only syndrome. In germ cell neoplasiain situ(GCNIS) tubules, except for a few (0.4 ± 0.03%), pre‐invasive tumor cells were immunonegative. Seminoma cells showed no immunostaining.DiscussionAccording to previous findings in mice, it seems reasonable thatDMRTB1 is expressed in these normal germ cell populations. Moreover, altered staining pattern in spermatogenic arrest at spermatogonial stage suggests a correlation with mitosis and transformation into B spermatogonia. The absence ofDMRTB1 inGCNIScells and tumor cells might be associated with uncontrolled neoplastic cell proliferation and progression into invasive germ cell tumors. Further research is required to elucidate, for example, the role ofDMRTB1 in the malignant transformation of human germ cells.ConclusionOur data indicate a relevant role forDMRTB1 regarding the entry of spermatogonia into meiosis in men.
Regional variation in the risk of lower‐limb amputation among patients with diabetes in New Zealand
Authors: Gurney Jason K. , Stanley James , York Steve , Sarfati Diana 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundLower‐limb amputation is one of the most substantial and debilitating consequences of diabetes mellitus; however, the risk of lower‐limb amputation is not equally shared across the diabetic population. The aims of this study were to (i) describe regional variation in the rate of lower‐limb amputation in New Zealand among a national prevalent cohort of patients with diabetes; and (ii) explore the plausible factors that could be contributing to this variation.MethodsOur cohort were the national prevalent cohort of individuals with diabetes in New Zealand in 2011, according to the Virtual Diabetes Register (n = 215 676). Using descriptive analysis and Poisson regression, we compared the rate of lower‐limb amputation within each of New Zealand's 20 District Health Boards with the national rate of amputation, adjusting for demographic, health care access and patient‐level factors.ResultsWe observed nearly four‐fold variation in the rate of major lower‐limb amputation between regions in New Zealand, as well as nearly two‐fold variation in the rate of minor lower‐limb amputation. Adjustment for differences between regions in terms of ethnicity reduced this variation substantially for many District Health Boards. Despite adjustment for sex, age, ethnicity, deprivation, rurality, comorbidity and prior amputation, the rate of lower‐limb amputation in a number of District Health Boards remained substantially higher than the national rate.ConclusionsThese observations could help to inform the funding and provision of diabetic foot care services across New Zealand; however, more work is required to further untangle the drivers of national variation in rates of lower‐limb amputation.
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation for fertility preservation in 418 girls and adolescents up to 15 years of age facing highly gonadotoxic treatment. Twenty years of experience at a single center
Authors: Poirot Catherine , Brugieres Laurence , Yakouben Karima , Prades‐Borio Marie , Marzouk Flora , de Lambert Guenolee , Pacquement Helene , Bernaudin Francoise , Neven Benedicte , Paye‐Jaouen Annabel , Pondarre Corinne , Dhedin Nathalie , Drouineaud Veronique , Chalas Celine , Martelli Helene , Michon Jean , Minard Veronique , Lezeau Harry , Doz Francois , Sarnacki Sabine , Philippe‐Chomette Pascale , Dufour Christelle , Laurence Valerie , Baruchel Andre , Wolf Jean‐Philippe , Boissel Nicolas , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Dalle Jean‐Hugues 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe preservation of fertility is an integral part of care of children requiring gonadotoxic treatments for cancer or non‐malignant diseases. In France, the cryopreservation of ovarian tissue has been considered and has been offered as a clinical treatment since its inception. The aim of this study is to review 20 years of activity in fertility preservation by ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) for children and the feasibility of oocyte isolation and cryopreservation from the ovarian tissue at a single center.Material and methodsRetrospective study including patients aged 15 years or younger who underwent OTC, combined for some with oocyte cryopreservation of isolated oocytes, before a highly gonadotoxic treatment for malignant or non‐malignant disease was initiated. We describe the evolution of activities in our program for fertility preservation and patient characteristics at the time of OTC and follow up.ResultsFrom April 1998 to December 2018, 418 girls and adolescents younger than 15 years of age underwent OTC, representing 40.5% of all females who have had ovarian tissue cryopreserved at our center. In all, 313 patients had malignant diseases and 105 had benign conditions. Between November 2009 and July 2013, oocytes were isolated and also cryopreserved in 50 cases. The mean age of patients was 6.9 years (range 0.3‐15). The most frequent diagnoses in this cohort included neuroblastoma, acute leukemia and hemoglobinopathies; neuroblastoma being the most common diagnosis in very young patients. During follow up, three patients requested the use of their cryopreserved ovarian tissue. All had undergone ovarian tissue transplantation, one for puberty induction and the two others for restoring fertility. So far, no pregnancies have been achieved. Eighty‐four patients who had OTC died.ConclusionsOvarian tissue cryopreservation is the only available technique for preserving fertility of girls. To our knowledge this is the largest series of girls and adolescents younger than 15 years so far reported on procedures of OTC before highly gonadotoxic treatment in a single center.
A comparison of the lateral tarsal strip with everting sutures and the Quickert procedure for involutional entropion
Authors: Dulz Simon , Green Sylvia , Mehlan Juliane , Schüttauf Frank , Keserü Matthias 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsTo provide evidence of statistically significant difference in the surgical outcome of the lateral tarsal strip with everting sutures (LTS + ES) versus the Quickert procedure (QP) in the treatment of involutional entropion.MethodsIn a prospective randomized comparative trial, 66 eyelids of 52 patients with primary involutional lower eyelid entropion were recruited. Thirty‐six eyelids were randomized to QP, and 30 eyelids were randomized to LTS + ES. Surgery was performed by a single surgeon. Postoperative follow‐up was scheduled after 2 weeks, 8 and 14 months. Successful surgery was defined as a normal eyelid position at rest and inability to induce entropion on forced eyelid closure at or before the 14‐month follow‐up visit.ResultsA total of 66 eyelids of 52 patients were enrolled in the study. Three patients did not complete follow‐up (1 did not attend the 8 months follow‐up visit; 2 did not attend 14 months follow‐up visit). Of the 63 patients, a single eyelid [success probability 0.97; confidence interval (CI) 0.92–1] in the QP group and two treated eyelids [success probability of 0.93; CI: 0.85–1] in the LTS + ES group had a recurrence of a lower eyelid entropion after 14 months. There was no statistically significant difference in surgical failure between the LTS + ES versus QP (Log‐rank test: p = 0.46).ConclusionThese data provide strong evidence that success rates at 14 months are similar in patients treated with either techniques (LTS + ES versus QP).
Investigating the neuroprotective effect of Copolymer‐1 in acute primary angle closure – Interim report of a randomized placebo‐controlled double‐masked clinical trial
Authors: Fan Kenric Rui‐Pin , Baskaran Mani , Nongpiur Monisha E. , Htoon Hla Mynt , de Leon John Mark S. , Perera Shamira A. , Belkin Michael , Aung Tin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the neuroprotective effect of Copolymer‐1 (Cop‐1) in patients with acute primary angle closure (APAC) in a randomized double‐masked controlled trial.MethodsAfter initial medical management, APAC patients were randomized to receive either subcutaneous Cop‐1 or placebo within 24 hr and at 1 week. After laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI), subjects underwent serial visual field (VF) tests and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness measurements with spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography. The primary outcome measure was mean number of progressing points (significant slope of ≥ 1 dB per year sensitivity loss) over 16 weeks based on pointwise linear regression analysis, and the secondary outcome measure was the change in RNFL thickness.ResultsThirty‐eight patients (19 in each group) completed the study. Twenty‐five (65.8%) were female, the majority being Chinese (86.8%) with mean age 62.5 years (SD 8.1). Patients in the Cop‐1 group were found to have mean of 0.32 (SD 0.95) progressing points compared to 2.74 (SD 5.31) in the placebo group (p = 0.09), while 3/19 (15.8%) of Cop‐1 treated patients had 1 or more progressing points compared to 7/19 (36.8%) in the placebo group (p = 0.14). There was no difference in change of RNFL thickness between groups (p = 0.57). We found improvement of mean deviation (MD) at week 16 in the Cop‐1 group (p = 0.01) compared to worsening of MD in the placebo group (p = 0.04).ConclusionAfter APAC, there was no difference in VF progression (or RNFL thickness change) between Cop‐1 and placebo groups. However, there was improvement of MD in Cop‐1 treated patients.
Neonatologists and neonatal nurses have positive attitudes towards perinatal end‐of‐life decisions, a nationwide survey
Authors: Dombrecht Laure , Deliens Luc , Chambaere Kenneth , Baes Saskia , Cools Filip , Goossens Linde , Naulaers Gunnar , Roets Ellen , Piette Veerle , Cohen Joachim , Beernaert Kim ,   the NICU consortium
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimPerinatal death is often preceded by an end‐of‐life decision (ELD). Disparate hospital policies, complex legal frameworks and ethically difficult cases make attitudes important. This study investigated attitudes of neonatologists and nurses towards perinatal ELDs.MethodsA survey was handed out to all neonatologists and neonatal nurses in all eight neonatal intensive care units in Flanders, Belgium in May 2017. Respondents indicated agreement with statements regarding perinatal ELDs on a Likert‐scale and sent back questionnaires via mail.ResultsThe response rate was 49.5% (302/610). Most neonatologists and nurses found nontreatment decisions such as withholding or withdrawing treatment acceptable (90–100%). Termination of pregnancy when the foetus is viable in cases of severe or lethal foetal problems was considered highly acceptable in both groups (80–98%). Physicians and nurses do not find different ELDs equally acceptable, e.g. nurses more often than physicians (74% vs 60%, p = 0.017) agree that it is acceptable in certain cases to administer medication with the explicit intention of hastening death.ConclusionThere was considerable support for both prenatal and neonatal ELDs, even for decisions that currently fall outside the Belgian legal framework. Differences between neonatologists' and nurses' attitudes indicate that both opinions should be heard during ELD‐making.
Examining Responsible Employees’ Perceptions of Sexual Assault Reporting Requirements Under Federal and Institutional Policy
Authors: Holland Kathryn J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSexual assault is a pervasive problem on college campuses. Federal laws have shaped policies addressing sexual assault in higher education. Title IX guidance requires universities to designate “Responsible Employees,” who are required to report all sexual assaults they learn about to the university (even if the survivor does not want to report). Resident assistants (RAs) are an important source of support for students and increasingly designated as Responsible Employees. University mandatory reporting policies have significant implications for reporters’ and survivors’ lives, but there is a lack of research on how Responsible Employees perceive this role. The current study examined Responsible Employee RA perceptions of mandatory reporting, the relationship between RAs’ experience of college sexual assault and perceptions of mandatory reporting, and whether trust in university response to sexual assault mediates this relationship. Data from 305 Responsible Employee RAs were analyzed. RAs’ perceptions of their reporting role were varied. For instance, RAs believed that mandatory reporting complicates their other responsibilities. College sexual assault survivors had less trust in university response to sexual assault, which, in turn, predicted more negative perceptions of mandatory reporting. Responsible Employees’ perceptions of mandatory reporting offer valuable insight into the potential effectiveness and drawbacks of these policies.