bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardioprotective effect of the secretome of Sca-1+ and Sca-1− cells in heart failure: not equal, but equally important?
Authors: Könemann Stephanie , Sartori Luiz V , Gross Stefan , Hadlich Stefan , Kühn Jens-Peter , Samal Rasmita , Bahls Martin , Felix Stephan B , Wenzel Kristin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimsBoth progenitor and differentiated cells were previously shown to secrete cardioprotective substances, but so far there has been no direct comparison of the paracrine effects of the two cell types on heart failure. The study sought to compare the paracrine effect of selected progenitors and the corresponding non-progenitor mononuclear cardiac cells on the cardiac function of transgenic heart failure mice. In addition, we aimed to further enhance the paracrine effect of the cells via pretreatment with the heart failure mediator aldosterone.Methods and resultsTransgenic heart failure mice were injected with the supernatant of murine cardiac stem cell antigen-1 positive (Sca-1+) and negative (Sca-1−) cells with or without aldosterone pretreatment. Cardiac function was determined using small animal magnetic resonance imaging. In addition, heart failure markers were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RT–PCR, and bead-based multiplexing assay. While only the secretome of aldosterone pretreated Sca-1+ cells led to a significant improvement in cardiac function, N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide plasma levels were significantly lower and galectin-1 levels significantly higher in mice that were treated with either kind of secretome compared with untreated controls.ConclusionIn this first direct comparison of the paracrine effects of progenitor cells and a heterogeneous population of mononuclear cardiac cells the supernatants of both cell types showed cardioprotective properties which might be of great relevance for endogenous repair. During heart failure raised aldosterone levels might further increase the paracrine effect of progenitor cells.
Level and source of fat in the diet of gestating beef cows: I. Effects on the prepartum performance of the dam and birth weight of the progeny1
Authors: Añez-Osuna Federico , Penner Gregory B , Campbell John , Dugan Michael E R , Fitzsimmons Carolyn J , Jefferson Paul G , Lardner Herbert A , McKinnon John J 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of level and source of fat in the diet of gestating beef cows on their prepartum performance and birth weight of progeny. Each year, 75 multiparous (≥3 calving) pregnant Angus cows were stratified by BW (663 ± 21.5 kg) and BCS (2.6 ± 0.12; 1 to 5 scale) and randomly assigned to 1 of 15 outdoor pens. Subsequently, each pen was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 (n = 5) treatments: a low-fat diet (LF; 1.4 ± 0.12% EE) consisting of grass-legume hay, barley straw, and barley grain, or 1 of 2 high-fat diets (HF; 3.3 ± 0.20% EE) that included either a canola seed (CAN) or a flaxseed (FLX) based pelleted feed. Diets were formulated to meet the requirements of pregnant beef cows during the last 2 trimesters of gestation (0.183 ± 4.8 d), adjusted for changes in environmental conditions, and offered such that each pen on average received similar daily amounts of DE (31.2 ± 2.8 Mcal/cow), CP (1.36 ± 0.13 kg/cow), and DM (12.9 ± 1.0 kg/cow). Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design with contrasts to separate the effects of level (LF vs. HF) and source (CAN vs. FLX) of fat. After 160 d on trial, conceptus corrected-BW (CC-BW) of LF cows (708 kg) and the proportion of overconditioned cows (13.2%) were greater (P ≤ 0.04) than those of HF, with no difference (P ≥ 0.84) between CAN and FLX for CC-BW (697 kg) and proportion of overconditioned cows (3.6% vs. 2.9%). Feeding FLX diet during gestation resulted in cows with a greater (P ≤ 0.01) concentration of conjugated linolenic acid (0.12% vs. 0.05%) and n-3 (0.58% vs. 0.37%) fatty acids, and a tendency (P = 0.09) for conjugated linoleic acid concentration (1.05% vs. 0.88%) to be greater in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) when compared with cows fed the CAN diet. By the end of gestation, serum NEFA concentration of LF cows (592 µEq/L) was lower (P < 0.01) than that of HF cows, and FLX cows had greater (P < 0.01) serum NEFA concentration than CAN cows (636 vs. 961 µEq/L). Cows receiving the LF diet during gestation gave birth to lighter (P < 0.01) calves compared with those receiving the HF diets (40.2 vs. 42.9 kg), with no difference (P = 0.24) between calves born to CAN (42.4 kg) and FLX (43.3 kg) cows. In conclusion, these results suggest a partitioning of the ME in pregnant beef cows that is dependent on the type of dietary energy, resulting in heavier calves at birth for cows fed high-fat diets. Also, the type of fatty acid in the diet of gestating beef cows affected the fatty acid profile in SCAT and serum NEFA concentration.
A Guide to the ICDR International Arbitration Rules
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The International Centre for Dispute Resolution (ICDR) is the international division of the American Arbitration Association (AAA). Given that in excess of 600 arbitrations are now administered every year under the ICDR Rules, this book answers the need for a comprehensive comparative guide devoted to them. This second edition is fully revised and updated throughout to reflect all changes and updates to the Rules since the first edition published. The ICDR International Arbitration Rules are structured in accordance with the typical life cycle of an international arbitration and the book follows this thematic structure, providing cross-referencing to assist the reader in understanding the relationship between the various rules and genuine issues likely to be encountered during an arbitration. The commentary embraces each of the Articles in their entirety, as well as the Expedited Procedure Articles, and includes discussion of how each provision compares to analogous rules of other major arbitral institutions. The book’s comparative perspective emphasizes key issues to consider when drafting an arbitral clause or strategizing over the conduct of an arbitration. This second edition features multiple appendices and difficult-to-find resources to form a collection of core materials which include the ICDR Rules, the administrative fee schedule, guidelines for exchanges of information, practice notes, and key AAA cooperation agreements with other institutions.
Introduction to ICDR Arbitration
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This introductory chapter provides an overview of the International Centre for Dispute Resolution (ICDR), the American Arbitration Association’s (AAA) division focused on international disputes. Following the revision of the International Arbitration Rules in 1996–97, the ICDR was charged with all of the AAA’s international services. Importantly, the ICDR is empowered to apply any one of several sets of rules and procedures in administering international disputes. By far, the most common applicable set of rules is the ICDR Rules, closely followed by the AAA Commercial Rules. However, the ICDR might also be asked to administer an arbitration governed by one of the many industry-specific sets of rules. The chapter then traces the genesis of the ICDR Rules and major changes over time, leading up to the substantial overhaul of the ICDR Rules effected in 2014.
Article 4—Administrative Conference
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter assesses Article 4 of the 2014 ICDR Rules. Article 4 incorporates a long-standing ICDR practice by which the ICDR conducts an administrative conference before the arbitral tribunal is constituted to facilitate party discussion and agreement on issues such as arbitrator selection, mediating the dispute, process efficiencies, and any other administrative matters. No other major international arbitration rules contain a similar provision. The administrative conference affords the parties an opportunity to air their objectives for management of the case and, if possible, to reach arguments on administrative issues. Depending on the complexity of the case, and the familiarity of both sides with the factual and legal issues, the administrative conference may also permit an opportunity to arrive at stipulations of uncontested facts, identify potential witnesses, provide for advance exchange of information, and consider the possibility of utilizing a documents-only process.
Article 6—Emergency Measures of Protection
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter studies the ICDR’s provision for emergency measures in Article 6. Through the procedures detailed in Article 6, a party may apply to secure expedited emergency relief even before an arbitrator has been appointed. On receipt of such an application, the ICDR will appoint an emergency arbitrator, who is tasked with considering the application and who has the power to order interim awards, to protect or conserve property, and to make other orders of emergency relief. Importantly, a party may still choose to go to a court of competent jurisdiction to obtain emergency relief, such as a preliminary injunction, a temporary restraining order, or an order to preserve evidence. The real utility of Article 6 lies in situations in which the tribunal has not yet been appointed and a party fears that the appropriate courts will not grant interim relief or it will be ineffective.
Article 8—Consolidation
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 8 of the 2014 ICDR Rules. Article 8 provides for consolidation of two or more proceedings upon party request with the decision on whether and how to permit consolidation to be made by a consolidation arbitrator. The ICDR ‘may appoint a consolidation arbitrator, who will have the power to consolidate two or more arbitrations pending under these Rules’, or any other set of rules administered by the AAA or ICDR, into a single arbitration. This means that, at least in theory, provided that the other requirements of Article 8 are satisfied, the consolidation arbitrator could consolidate an arbitration that is pending under two different, albeit related, sets of rules. The objective of this provision is to achieve a more time and cost-efficient resolution of the entire dispute and to avoid inconsistent decisions.
Article 13—Impartiality and Independence of Arbitrator
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores Article 13, which requires that arbitrators in ICDR disputes shall be impartial and independent. The importance of impartiality and independence is significant. These notions affect the very core of arbitration, including the selection of arbitrators and the subsequent process for challenging arbitrators, and even provide a potential basis for seeking to annul the resulting award. To assess an arbitrator’s independence and impartiality, Article 13 requires broad and continuous disclosure—‘at any stage during the arbitration’—which also allows the parties to determine whether they wish to challenge a named arbitrator using the procedure set out in Article 14. Ultimately, the requirements of impartiality and independence seek to ensure the integrity of the arbitral process and emanate from the arbitrators’ judicial function in resolving the dispute.
Article 15—Replacement of an Arbitrator
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter discusses Article 15 of the ICDR Rules, which addresses the replacement of an arbitrator and its consequences, such as a repetition of prior proceedings. This involves a delicate balancing act: a substitute arbitrator must be able to consider all of the details of the case, while the parties may want to avoid starting the case over or repeating significant portions of the proceedings because doing so creates time and cost burdens. Article 15(3) further provides for the possibility of a truncated tribunal in certain circumstances. Importantly, the application of Article 15(1) applies to a broad range of circumstances where: an arbitrator resigns; an arbitrator is incapable of performing the duties of an arbitrator; or an arbitrator is removed for any reason and the office becomes vacant.
Article 22—Privilege
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores Article 22 of the ICDR Rules, which mandates that the tribunal is to take into account applicable principles of legal privilege and provides a general guideline to the tribunal when faced with potentially inconsistent legal privilege rules being applied to different parties. Determining legal privilege issues falls within the scope of the tribunal’s broad discretion to manage the arbitral proceedings and the exchange of information and often requires the tribunal to make determinations on the availability and admissibility of evidence. Privilege issues frequently arise in international arbitrations, but resolving these issues can often be complex, as there are few established norms on how legal privilege applies across different jurisdictions. As such, inherent in the first sentence of Article 22 is the tribunal’s task of determining what the ‘applicable principles of privilege’ are.
Article 23—Hearing
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter studies Article 23, which sets out some basic procedural guidelines for the arbitral hearing—addressing such issues as notice requirements, identification of witnesses, and logistics for witness examination—and vests broad discretion in the tribunal on the conduct of the hearing. While the tribunal typically enjoys a broad discretion in laying the ‘ground rules’ for the hearing, it will also be influenced by several other factors. First, the tribunal may well decide to adopt outright, or at a minimum be guided by, international standard rules on evidential or procedural matters. Second, the arbitral procedure may be influenced by any provisions relating to hearings adopted as part of the arbitration clause or submission to arbitration. Lastly, a tribunal will take note of the provisions relating to hearings that are contained in the applicable arbitration rules.
Article 28—Waiver
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter assesses Article 28 of the ICDR Rules. It is not uncommon for a party to raise objections to the arbitration based on non-compliance with the relevant institutional rules. However, when not raised promptly, such an objection can derail an arbitral proceeding and create potential grounds on which to challenge the award. Article 28 requires that where a party knows of any non-compliance with the ICDR Rules or the parties’ arbitration agreement, but instead proceeds with the arbitration without promptly objecting in writing, it will be deemed to have waived the right to object. This general principle is also echoed in the ICDR Rules in the specific context of challenges to arbitrators and objections to jurisdiction. Ultimately, the revisions to Article 28 in the 2014 ICDR Rules reflect best practices in international arbitration and potentially broaden the effect of the waiver provision.
Article 36—Deposits
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter assesses Article 36 of the ICDR Rules. Article 36 sets out the basic rules for when deposits are to be paid as an advance on the costs of the arbitration, the consequences for non-payment, and the Administrator’s duty to account to the parties for how the deposits have been used. The advance on costs is strategically important because, unlike in litigation, it requires the parties to ‘front’ potentially significant sums in order to continue to have the dispute resolved by arbitration. This can be used by either party to try to gain leverage. The text of Article 36 was the subject of several revisions with the 2014 amendments to the ICDR Rules. A new paragraph was added to the Article, making explicit that a party’s failure to pay a required deposit can be treated as a withdrawal of the party’s claim or counterclaim.
Article 38—Exclusion of Liability
Authors: Gusy Martin F , Hosking James M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This chapter explores Article 38 of the ICDR Rules, which seeks to absolve the arbitrators and the ICDR Administrator of any liability in connection with the arbitration to the fullest extent allowed by the applicable law. While arbitrator immunity and that of arbitral institutions is typically dealt with in applicable national laws, Article 38 performs the important additional function of providing a contractual basis for granting immunity. The 2014 revisions to the provision made some subtle changes to the text of what is now Article 38. The revised text now excludes the waiver of liability to the extent required by the applicable law. In addition, Article 38 now explicitly provides that the arbitrators and ICDR are immune from suit and from being called as a party or witness in litigation.
Faecal microbiota dynamics in Cornu aspersum during dietary change and antibiotic challenge
Authors: Smith Parker N , Boomer Sarah M , Baltzley Michael J 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTDespite its widespread geographic distribution and applications, the herbivorous land snail Cornu aspersum represents an understudied animal host. In this study, we used a culture-based approach, in combination with a population analysis based on 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, to describe changes in the faecal microbiota of wild-caught snails that were fed a nonsterile plant diet over a period of 21 days. At the beginning of the experiment, wild-caught snails harboured diverse populations of Gammaproteobacteria. The two most abundant genera of Gammaproteobacteria were soil-associated Pseudomonas and Buttiauxella; the latter is an understudied genus often reported in snails and slugs. During penicillin treatment, the diversity of Gammaproteobacteria in experimental snails bottlenecked, resulting in Pseudomonas takeover. Following penicillin treatment, experimental snails began to recover, with faecal samples containing pre-treatment Gammaproteobacteria groups by day 21. There was a significant difference in the colony-forming units/g across days and across treatments. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between day and treatment. The food source was not sterile and supported its own population of Gammaproteobacteria, primarily Pseudomonas, which would have been taken up by the snails daily. Given that Buttiauxella was not observed on the food source, we hypothesize that it was present and maintained within the digestive tract of C. aspersum, and this is consistent with the idea that C. aspersum maintains an endogenous gut microbiome.
Role of skeletal muscle autophagy in high-fat-diet–induced obesity and exercise
Authors: Herrenbruck Adrienne R , Bollinger Lance M 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Autophagy is a complex degradation pathway responsible for clearing damaged and dysfunctional organelles. High-fat-diet–induced obesity has been shown to alter autophagy throughout the body in a tissue-specific manner. The impact of obesity on skeletal muscle autophagy has yet to be elucidated. This review examines the impact of high-fat-diet–induced obesity and exercise on skeletal muscle autophagy. Better understanding this major quality control mechanism may help develop novel therapies to combat high-fat-diet–induced obesity comorbidities.
The Impact of Malaria on Liver Enzymes: A Retrospective Cohort Study (2010–2017)
Authors: Cheaveau James , Marasinghe Dewdunee , Akakpo Samantha , Deardon Rob , Naugler Christopher , Chin Alex , Pillai Dylan R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear if malaria causes deranged liver enzymes. This has implications both in clinical practice and in research, particularly for antimalarial drug development.MethodWe performed a retrospective cohort study of returning travelers (n = 4548) who underwent a malaria test and had enzymes measured within 31 days in Calgary, Canada, from 2010 to 2017. Odds ratios of having an abnormal alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), aspartate aminotransferases (AST), and total bilirubin (TB) were calculated using multivariable longitudinal analysis with binomial response.ResultsAfter adjusting for gender, age, and use of hepatotoxic medications, returning travelers testing positive for malaria had higher odds of having an abnormal TB (odds ratio [OR], 12.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.32–25.29; P &lt; .001) but not ALP (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.09–1.10; P = .072), ALT (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.54–1.89; P = .978) or AST (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.22–7.37; P = .794), compared with those who tested negative. TB was most likely to be abnormal in the “early” period (day 0–day 3) but then normalized in subsequent intervals. Returning travelers with severe malaria (OR, 2.56; 95% CI, 0.99–6.62; P = .052) had borderline increased odds of having an abnormal TB, but malaria species (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.24–2.05; P = .511) did not.ConclusionsIn malaria-exposed returning travelers, the TB is abnormal, especially in the early period, but no abnormalities are seen for ALT, AST, or ALP.
Dynamic Inconsistency in Food Choice: Experimental Evidence from Two Food Deserts
Authors: Sadoff Sally , Samek Anya , Sprenger Charles 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We conduct field experiments to investigate dynamic inconsistency and commitment demand in food choice. In two home grocery delivery programs, we document substantial dynamic inconsistency between advance and immediate choices. When given the option to commit to their advance choices, around half of subjects take it up. Commitment demand is negatively correlated with dynamic inconsistency, suggesting those with larger self-control problems are less likely to be aware thereof. We evaluate the welfare consequences of dynamic inconsistency and commitment policies with utility measures based on advance, immediate, and unambiguous choices. Simply offering commitment has limited welfare (and behavioural) consequences under all measures.
The Co-occurrence of Pediatric Chronic Pain and Depression
Authors: Soltani Sabine , Kopala-Sibley Daniel C. , Noel Melanie 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:
Internalizing mental health issues co-occur with pediatric chronic pain at high rates and are linked to worse pain and functioning. Although the field has prioritized anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder, little is known about co-occurring depression and chronic pain in youth, despite its high prevalence. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the existing literature on the co-occurrence of pediatric chronic pain and depressive disorders and symptoms and propose a conceptual model of mutual maintenance to guide future research.

Methods:
The literature from both fields of pediatric pain and developmental psychology were searched to review the evidence for the co-occurrence of pediatric chronic pain and depression. Conceptual models of co-occurring mental health issues and chronic pain, as well as child depression, were reviewed. From both literatures, we provide evidence for a number of proposed child, parent, and neurobiological factors that may serve to mutually maintain both conditions over time. On the basis of this evidence, we propose a conceptual model of mutual maintenance and highlight several areas for future research in this area.

Results:
Evidence was found for the prevalence of depression in pediatric chronic pain as well as the co-occurrence of both conditions. The key mutually maintaining factors identified and proposed included neurobiological, intrapersonal (eg, cognitive biases, sleep disturbances, emotion regulation, and behavioral inactivation), and interpersonal (eg, parent mental health and pain, genes, and parenting) factors.

Discussion:
Given the dearth of research on mutual maintenance in this area, this review and conceptual model could drive future research in this area. We argue for the development of tailored treatments for this unique population of youth to improve outcomes.