bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safe and effective pressure of endotracheal tube suctioning based on sputum viscosity grades during artificial airway open suctioning procedures: A double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Weiquan , Gu Chunling , Li Miqi , Xiong Jie 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndotracheal tube suctioning is an effective measure to ensure airway patency during mechanical ventilation; however, inappropriate suction pressure often leads to many adverse effects.AimsThis study aimed to investigate safe and effective suction pressures and intracatheter pressure ranges during artificial airway open suctioning procedures.Study DesignIn this double‐blind randomized controlled trial, 438 patients receiving mechanical ventilation in China were divided into nine groups according to their sputum viscosity grades and suction pressure. A random sampling method was used to select one of the three pressure groups (low‐, medium‐ and high‐pressure groups). Registered intensive care unit (ICU) nurses performed open suction manoeuvres of the artificial airway based on the pressures set by the researchers. Two teaching supervisors observed and recorded the sputum viscosity, suction pressure, minimum intracatheter pressure, maximum intracatheter pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse oxygen saturation, airway mucosal bleeding and sputum sound improvement score.ResultsThis study finally included 438 patients. The results showed that the safe and effective suction pressures were 80–120 mmHg for grade I sputum viscosity, 150 mmHg for grade II sputum viscosity and 200 mmHg for grade III sputum viscosity in open suction procedures for ICU patients. These pressure values were associated with the lowest changes in heart rate, mean arterial pressure and pulse oxygen saturation; the lowest incidence of airway mucosal bleeding; and the highest sputum sound improvement score.ConclusionsIn an open suction procedure, accurate setting of safe and effective suction pressure for sputum of different viscosity grades can not only achieve the suction effect but also have minimal impact on the vital signs and airway mucosal bleeding of patients.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe findings can guide critical care nurses to accurately select safe and effective initial suction pressure values rather than use general ranges when performing artificial airway open suctioning procedures.
Strategic program management: Performance accountability driving use in national governments
Authors: Berman Evan M. , Prasojo Eko , Fathurrahman Reza , Samartini André , Plimmer Geoff , Sabharwal Meghna , Neiva Vinicius , Syarien Muhamad Imam Alfie , Hariyati Desy , Puspasari Debie , Wijayanti Fajar Wardani , Ferdiansyah Julyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractStrategic program management (SPM) is an approach for advancing the aspirations of programs and their impact. While programs are omnipresent in government, concerns exist that they are not always strategically managed. Studies that examine SPM are lacking. This study defines and conceptualizes SPM, examines it in two national governments (Brazil and Indonesia), and focuses on felt performance accountability as a driver of SPM use. SPM use is highly uneven, and despite concerns about the effectiveness of performance accountability in the public sector, a key finding is that program managers' felt performance accountability is associated with increased SPM use by program officials. Managers' performance accountability also increases political appointees' support for programs and decreases their interference with program priorities. These findings are important because they provide a means for program officials, typically civil servants, to strengthen the strategic direction of public programs. Recommendations are made for strengthening the performance accountability of managers.
Developmental trajectories of interpersonal stress in school and psychological pain contributing to self‐harm in adolescents
Authors: Sun Fang , Chen Yuying , Li Huanhuan , Wei Shijie , Wang Siru , Zhao Hongyan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the trajectories of interpersonal stress and psychological pain and their effects on self‐harm behaviors in adolescents and explored the reciprocal associations between interpersonal stress and NSSI/SA.MethodsThe participants included 1149 adolescents (50.3% women; Mage = 12.86, SD = 0.69) who participated in three waves of data collection. Latent class growth models and cross‐lagged panel models were used to identify subgroups of individuals and interactions between interpersonal stress and NSSI/SA.ResultsControlling for sex and age, compared to the low interpersonal stress class, the moderate to high and increasing classes have higher risks of NSSI and SA. Compared to adolescents in the low increasing feelings with high increasing avoidance class, those in the low increasing feelings with low decreasing avoidance class reported lower probabilities of NSSI and SA. Pain avoidance and painful feelings mediated the pathway from interpersonal stress to NSSI/SA, whereas pain arousal mediated the pathway from NSSI/SA to interpersonal stress.ConclusionsShared impact of interpersonal stress and distinct effects of psychological pain over time on maintaining and distinguishing self‐harm behaviors were found. Adolescent crisis interventions should simultaneously focus on building social networks within the school context and regulating maladaptive minds.
COVID, elite rhetoric, and Americans’ attitudes toward U.S. trade practices with China
Authors: Nurullayev Dmitriy , Xu Ping , Garand James 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn this article, we consider how the COVID‐19 pandemic and evaluations of Donald Trump combined to influence Americans' attitudes toward U.S. trade practices with China. We suggest that psychological factors—such as confirmation bias and transfer of grievances—influence how individuals evaluate the costs and benefits of trade. Specifically, we argue that the severity of the pandemic (reflected by both cumulative deaths and news coverage of the pandemic) and the rhetoric of (then) President Trump came together to influence Americans’ attitudes toward trade with China.MethodsTo assess the COVID effect, the Trump effect, and their interaction effect on trade opinion, we merge data from 39 waves of the weekly Nationscape surveys, conducted from October 2019 to July 2020 (N = 62,171), with data on weekly COVID coverage for nine national news sources and cumulative state‐level weekly data on COVID‐related deaths. We estimate our models using hierarchical ordered logit.ResultsOur findings suggest that COVID‐related news coverage, cumulative COVID deaths, and Americans’ favorability toward Donald Trump have strong positive effects on Americans' support for trade tariffs on Chinese imports. Further, we find that the effects of COVID deaths on attitudes toward China tariffs are moderated by Trump favorability, with the effect of COVID deaths significantly stronger among Trump favorables.ConclusionThe COVID pandemic and evaluations of Donald Trump worked both independently and together to shape Americans’ attitudes toward China tariffs.
The quantization of Maxwell theory in the Cauchy radiation gauge: Hodge decomposition and Hadamard states
Authors: Murro Simone , Schmid Gabriel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to prove the existence of Hadamard states for the Maxwell equations on any globally hyperbolic spacetime. This will be achieved by introducing a new gauge fixing condition, the Cauchy radiation gauge, that will allow to suppress all the unphysical degrees of freedom. The key ingredient for achieving this gauge is a new Hodge decomposition for differential ‐forms in Sobolev spaces on complete (possibly noncompact) Riemannian manifolds.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate activates LRRC8 volume‐regulated anion channels through Gβγ signalling
Authors: Kostritskaia Yulia , Pervaiz Sumaira , Klemmer Anna , Klüssendorf Malte , Stauber Tobias 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVolume‐regulated anion channels (VRACs) formed by leucin‐rich repeat containing 8 (LRRC8) proteins play a pivotal role in regulatory volume decrease by mediating the release of chloride and organic osmolytes. Apart from the regulation of cell volume, LRRC8/VRAC function underlies numerous physiological processes in vertebrate cells including membrane potential regulation, glutamate release and apoptosis. LRRC8/VRACs are also permeable to antibiotics and anti‐cancer drugs, representing therefore important therapeutic targets. The activation mechanisms for LRRC8/VRACs are still unclear. Besides through osmotic cell swelling, LRRC8/VRACs can be activated by various stimuli under isovolumetric conditions. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), an important signalling lipid, which signals through a family of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs), has been reported to activate LRRC8/VRACs in several cell lines. Here, we measured inter‐subunit Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and used whole‐cell patch clamp electrophysiology to investigate S1P‐induced LRRC8/VRAC activation. We systematically assessed the involvement of GPCRs and G protein‐mediated signal transduction in channel activation. We found that S1P‐induced channel activation is mediated by S1PR1 in HeLa cells. Following the downstream signalling pathway of S1PR1 and using toxin‐mediated inhibition of the associated G proteins, we showed that Gβγ dimers rather than Gαi or Gαq play a critical role in S1P‐induced VRAC activation. We could also show that S1P causes protein kinase D (PKD) phosphorylation, suggesting that Gβγ recruits phospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) with the consequent PKD activation by diacylglycerol. Notably, S1P did not activate LRRC8/VRAC in HEK293 cells, but overexpression of Gβγ‐responsive PLCβ isoform could facilitate S1P‐induced LRRC8/VRAC currents. We thus identified S1PR1‐mediated Gβγ‐PLCβ signalling as a key mechanism underlying isosmotic LRRC8/VRAC activation.
imageKey points
Leucin‐rich repeat containing 8 (LRRC8) anion/osmolyte channels are involved in multiple physiological processes where they can be activated as volume‐regulated anion channels (VRACs) by osmotic cell swelling or isovolumetric stimuli such as sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P).
In the present study, using pharmacological modulation and gene‐depleted cells in patch clamp recording and optical monitoring of LRRC8 activity, we find that LRRC8/VRAC activation by S1P is mediated by the G protein‐coupled receptor S1PR1 coupled to G proteins of the Gi family.
The signal transduction to LRRC8/VRAC activation specifically involves phospholipase Cβ activation by βγ subunits of pertussis toxin‐insensitive heteromeric Gi proteins.
S1P‐mediated and hypotonicity‐induced LRRC8/VRAC activation pathways converge in protein kinase D activation.
Normal Electrolyte Flow Helps in Controlling Dendrite Growth in Zinc Metal Batteries
Authors: Parekh Mihir , Rahn Christopher D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Zinc metal batteries are a widely considered alternative to lithium metal batteries that also suffer from dendrite growth. We explore the effect of creeping normal electrolyte flow on dendrite growth in zinc metal batteries using a transient model that predicts concentration distribution evolution and a linear stability analysis that predicts dendrite growth. Dendrite growth on zinc metal anodes can occur due to surface instabilities and/or concentration depletion. Creeping normal flow with a flow rate greater than the critical flow rate ensures stable plating and prevents ion depletion near the negative electrode, thus eliminating both causes of dendrite growth. Unlike lithium, increasing the flow rate does not necessarily reduce the electrostatic potential difference between the two electrodes, thus indicating the importance of ion diffusivity ratio in the electrolyte impedance.
Qigong Training Effects on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Cognitive Functions in Sedentary Middle-Aged and Elderly Females With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Singsanan Sanita , Luangpon Nongnuch , Kiatkulanusorn Sirirat , Boonsiri Patcharee , Burtscher Martin , Klarod Kultida 
Published: November 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) heightens dementia and cognitive decline risk, notably impacting working memory and executive functions. This study investigates the impact of 8 weeks of qigong training on cognitive functions, blood pressure, plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (pBDNF), antioxidant, and biochemical outcomes in sedentary middle-aged and elderly women with T2DM. Thirty-five sedentary middle-aged and elderly women with T2DM were assigned to qigong exercise (QG = 19) or control (CG = 16) groups. Qigong exercise group performed the qigong exercise three times per week, for 8 weeks. The cognitive functions and pBDNF as primary and secondary outcomes (blood pressure parameters, antioxidant, and blood cell indices) were measured at baseline and postexercise training. While cognitive performance did not change, there was a significant interaction (Group × Time), indicating reduced pBDNF levels postintervention in the qigong exercise group (p < .05). Both mean arterial blood and pulse pressure values decreased after qigong training (p < .05), but no significant interaction effects (Time × Group) were seen. There was a pulse pressure reduction after qigong training (p < .05), which was significantly correlated with the increase in longest digit span forward (r = −.34, p < .05). Antioxidant levels decreased from PRE to POST within both groups. This study demonstrated that 8 weeks of qigong training reduced pBDNF levels in sedentary middle-aged and elderly women with T2DM, which is unrelated to cognitive function improvements but possibly indicating a favorable response to exercise. Additionally, reduced blood and pulse pressure, potentially enhancing cognitive function by favorably impacting the autonomic nervous system by qigong training.
Living with breathlessness: quality improvement project to enhance staff confidence and patient self-management
Authors: Virani Farzana , Anderson Carrie , Corfield Rebecca , Heron Maria 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivesBreathlessness affects a significant proportion of patients in palliative care. This Quality Improvement Project aimed to develop a patient self-management resource, Living with Breathlessness, and to assess its impact on healthcare professionals’ confidence in non-pharmacological management of breathlessness.MethodsUsing a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle, a multi-professional team developed the resource based on staff suggestions. Pre-intervention and post-intervention surveys were used to measure healthcare professionals’ confidenceResultsThe resource increased confidence scores from 7 to 9 out of 10, and 93% reported that it enhanced their ability to support patient self-management.ConclusionThe project demonstrates the potential of self-management tools to improve healthcare professionals’ confidence, with potential implications for staff well-being and patient care. Further research is needed to assess long-term impacts.
Relationship Between Mitochondrial Biological Function and Breast Cancer
Authors: Miao Shichen , Ni Qichao , Fang Jun 
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential causal link between mitochondrial function and breast cancer using the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Methods: The data used for this study were obtained from genomewide association studies (GWAS) databases on mitochondrial biological function and breast cancer. Mitochondrial function was considered the exposure variable, breast cancer the outcome variable, and specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs). Two MR methods, inverse variance weighting (IVW) and MR‐Egger regression, were used to assess the causal association between mitochondrial function and breast cancer. Data analysis and visualization were performed using R software.Results: The results of the analysis revealed that several genes, including 39S ribosomal protein L34, pyruvate carboxylase, rRNA methyltransferase 3, and cytochrome c oxidase assembly factor 3 homolog, are causally linked to an increased risk of breast cancer in European populations. In addition, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A and ADP‐ribose pyrophosphatase were found to be protective factors against breast cancer in European populations. In East Asian populations, 39S ribosomal protein L52, ATP synthase subunit beta, and pyruvate dehydrogenase (acetyl‐transferring) were identified as causal risk factors for breast cancer. Conversely, 39S ribosomal protein L32, ADP‐ribose pyrophosphatase, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A were identified as protective factors against breast cancer in this population.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides evidence of a causal relationship between mitochondrial function and breast cancer in both European and East Asian populations. Additional research is warranted to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.
Device-Measured 24-Hour Movement Behaviors and Blood Pressure: A 6-Part Compositional Individual Participant Data Analysis in the ProPASS Consortium
Authors: Blodgett Joanna M. , Ahmadi Matthew N. , Atkin Andrew J. , Pulsford Richard M. , Rangul Vegar , Chastin Sebastien , Chan Hsiu-Wen , Suorsa Kristin , Bakker Esmée A. , Gupta Nidhi , Hettiarachchi Pasan , Johansson Peter J. , Sherar Lauren B. , del Pozo Cruz Borja , Koemel Nicholas A. , Mishra Gita D. , Eijsvogels Thijs M.H. , Stenholm Sari , Hughes Alun D. , Teixeira-Pinto Armando , Ekelund Ulf , Lee I-Min , Holtermann Andreas , Koster Annemarie , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Hamer Mark , Savelberg Hans , de Galan Bastiaan , van de Kallen Carla , Thijssen Dick H.J. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Blood pressure (BP)–lowering effects of structured exercise are well-established. Effects of 24-hour movement behaviors captured in free-living settings have received less attention. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between a 24-hour behavior composition comprising 6 parts (sleeping, sedentary behavior, standing, slow walking, fast walking, and combined exercise-like activity [eg, running and cycling]) and systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP).

METHODS:
Data from thigh-worn accelerometers and BP measurements were collected from 6 cohorts in the Prospective Physical Activity, Sitting and Sleep consortium (ProPASS) (n=14 761; mean±SD, 54.2±9.6 years). Individual participant analysis using compositional data analysis was conducted with adjustments for relevant harmonized covariates. Based on the average sample composition, reallocation plots examined estimated BP reductions through behavioral replacement; the theoretical benefits of optimal (ie, clinically meaningful improvement in SBP [2 mm Hg] or DBP [1 mm Hg]) and minimal (ie, 5-minute reallocation) behavioral replacements were identified.

RESULTS:
The average 24-hour composition consisted of sleeping (7.13±1.19 hours), sedentary behavior (10.7±1.9 hours), standing (3.2±1.1 hours), slow walking (1.6±0.6 hours), fast walking (1.1±0.5 hours), and exercise-like activity (16.0±16.3 minutes). More time spent exercising or sleeping, relative to other behaviors, was associated with lower BP. An additional 5 minutes of exercise-like activity was associated with estimated reductions of –0.68 mm Hg (95% CI, –0.15, –1.21) SBP and –0.54 mm Hg (95% CI, –0.19, 0.89) DBP. Clinically meaningful improvements in SBP and DBP were estimated after 20 to 27 minutes and 10 to 15 minutes of reallocation of time in other behaviors into additional exercise. Although more time spent being sedentary was adversely associated with SBP and DBP, there was minimal impact of standing or walking.

CONCLUSIONS:
Study findings reiterate the importance of exercise for BP control, suggesting that small additional amounts of exercise are associated with lower BP in a free-living setting.
Reservation Wages and the Wage Flexibility Puzzle
Authors: Koenig Felix , Manning Alan , Petrongolo Barbara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using micro data for the UK and Germany, we provide novel evidence on the cyclical properties of reservation wages and estimate that wages and reservation wages are characterised by moderate and very similar degrees of cyclicality. Several job search models that quantitatively match the cyclicality of wages tend to overpredict the cyclicality in reservation wages. We show that this puzzle can be addressed when reservation wages display backward-looking reference dependence. Model calibrations that allow for reference dependence match the empirically observed cyclicality of wages and reservation wages for plausible value of all other model parameters.
The Long-Run Effects of Monetary Policy
Authors: Jordà Òscar , Singh Sanjay R. , Taylor Alan M. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We document that the real effects of monetary shocks last for over a decade. Our approach relies on (1) identification of exogenous and non-systematic monetary shocks using the trilemma of international finance; (2) merged data from two new international historical cross-country databases; and (3) econometric methods robust to long-horizon inconsistent estimates. Notably, the capital stock and total factor productivity (TFP) exhibit greater hysteresis than labor. When we allow for asymmetry, we find these effects with tightening shocks, but not with loosening shocks. When extending the horizon of the responses reported in several recent studies that use alternative monetary shocks, we find similarly persistent real effects, thus supporting our main findings.
Suspected clopidogrel-associated hepatitis in a cat
Authors: Kamp Astrid L , Yousofzai Washma , Kooistra Hans S , Santarelli Giorgia , van Geijlswijk Ingeborg M 
Published: November 2024

Case summary Acute hepatitis and liver damage are rare adverse effects of clopidogrel in humans. In veterinary medicine, clopidogrel is mainly prescribed in the treatment of feline patients with cardiomyopathies. Little is known regarding the safety and adverse effects of clopidogrel in this group of patients. The limited number of studies scarcely report adverse effects. In this case report, a 6-year-old male castrated crossbred cat with the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype had signs of acute hepatitis after 5 weeks of clopidogrel treatment. Relevance and novel information Evaluation of the case and review of the literature indicate that acute hepatitis might be a potential adverse effect of clopidogrel in feline patients. Therefore, hepatotoxicity should be taken into consideration when a feline patient shows clinical deterioration after the use of clopidogrel.