bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Racial and Educational Inequities in Mass Incarceration Perceived to be a Social Problem? Results from an Experiment
Authors: Creighton Mathew J , Wozniak Kevin H 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe disproportionate incarceration of certain groups, racial minorities, and the less educated constitutes a social problem from the perspective of both policy makers and researchers. One aspect that is poorly understood is whether the public is similarly concerned about inequities in mass incarceration. Using a list experiment embedded in a framing experiment, we test for differences in attitudes towards mass incarceration by exploring three frames: race, education, and the United States in global context. We test whether social desirability bias causes people to over-state their concern about mass incarceration when directly queried. We find that mass incarceration is seen as a problem in the United States, whether the issue is framed by race, education, or as a global outlier. The list experiment reveals that public concern about mass incarceration is not quite as great as overtly-expressed opinion would suggest, and the framing experiment indicates that race-neutral frames evoke greater concern about mass incarceration than an emphasis on racial disparities.
Exploring the Experiences of DNP-Prepared Nurses Enrolled in a DNP-to-PhD Pathway Program
Authors: Sebach Aaron M. , Chunta Kristy S. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The advancement of the doctor of nursing practice (DNP) degree and the need for nurse researchers with a doctor of philosophy (PhD) has led to significant growth in doctoral nursing education. Some DNP graduates have chosen to pursue a second terminal degree. This descriptive study explored the experiences of students completing a DNP-to-PhD pathway program. Data analysis revealed that DNP-to-PhD students desired acceptance in academia. Implications suggest the need for additional pathway programs, clear communication about program outcomes for both degrees, formal teaching preparation for all nurse educators, and collaborative opportunities for DNP- and PhD-prepared faculty.
Strategies for Strengthening Ethics Education in a DNP Program
Authors: Vermeesch Amber , Cox Patricia H. , Baca Sarah , Simmons Derek 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Nurse practitioners frequently encounter ethical dilemmas, and their identification is essential to effective resolution. An innovative approach involving collaboration between doctor of nursing practice (DNP) and doctor of philosophy (PhD) faculty was used to address this need in a graduate nursing program. The results included a broader understanding of the synergy of the two educational backgrounds in translating and delivering evidence-based practices. The development and use of realistic case studies was a teaching strategy for ethics education. The unique backgrounds of each faculty member promote ethical practice among DNP students, which is essential to the profession.
Innovation With Strengths: A Collaborative Approach to PhD/DNP Integration in Doctoral Education
Authors: Lusk Marcie Dianne , Marzilli Colleen 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Doctorally prepared nurses are well equipped to provide solutions to complex issues in today’s rapidly changing health care environment. Collaborative relationships between doctor of nursing practice (DNP)- and doctor of philosophy (PhD)-prepared nurses facilitate timely translation of research into practice, enhanced educational opportunities, and development of interventions to improve health outcomes; however, challenges have been identified that hinder collaboration. This article highlights a three-pronged innovative and structured approach to identify individual student strengths, facilitate collaboration among DNP and PhD students, and set the foundation for implementation of a strengths-based curriculum during the doctoral educational experience.
Review of Common Alternative Herbal “Remedies” for Skin Cancer
Authors: Li Janet Y. , Kampp Jeremy T. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND
Alternative herbal remedies for skin cancer are commonly found on the Internet. Many websites contain inaccurate or false information regarding side effects and efficacy.

OBJECTIVE
To review the evidence behind several commonly advertised herbal remedies that claim to cure skin cancer: black salve, eggplant, frankincense, cannabis, black raspberry, milk thistle, St. John's wort, and turmeric.

METHODS
A PubMed search was performed using the common and scientific names of frequently advertised herbal remedies along with the terms “nonmelanoma skin cancer,” or “basal cell carcinoma” or “squamous cell carcinoma,” or “melanoma.”

RESULTS
Some preclinical studies have shown positive evidence that these substances can induce apoptosis in skin cancer, but clinical studies proving efficacy are either insufficient, nonexistent, or show negative evidence. Botanicals that were excluded are those that do not have published studies of their efficacy as skin cancer treatments.

CONCLUSION
Online advertising may tempt patients to use botanical agents while citing efficacy found in preclinical studies. However, many agents lack strong clinical evidence of efficacy. Dermatologists must be aware of common herbal alternatives for skin cancer treatment to maintain effective patient communication and education.
A New Technique for the Correction of Tear Trough Deformity via Filler Injections
Authors: Bagci Bulent 
Published: August 2018

Summary:
The nonsurgical treatment of valley-type tear trough (TT) deformity with diffuse depression in preseptal segment aims a more effective and safer treatment alternative to present padding techniques through the use of hyaluronic acid fillers to the preseptal space. 22G 50-mm cannula was inserted into the preseptal space, 2 cm inferolateral to the lateral canthus, and a low concentration of monophasic hyaluronic acid filler was applied. TT deformity was treated through the elimination of the contrasting subcutaneous fat tissue quality and quantity both above and below the TT, which contributes to the accentuation of the TT deformity. Valley-type TT deformity was successfully treated without any complications via filler injections to the preseptal space in which no structures pass.
Parents' Awareness and Perceptions of Sport Specialization and Injury Prevention Recommendations
Authors: Bell David R. , Post Eric G. , Trigsted Stephanie M. , Schaefer Daniel A. , McGuine Timothy A. , Brooks Margaret Alison 
Published: August 2018

Objective:
To conduct a survey of parents to determine their knowledge of sport volume recommendations and examine their perceptions toward sport specialization.

Design:
Cross-sectional survey.

Setting:
Youth sport athletic tournaments, competitions, and practices.

Patients or Other Participants:
Parents (n = 1000, 614 women, age: 44.5 ± 6.7 years) of youth athletes completed the survey. Parents had to have a child between 10 and 18 years of age who participated in organized sport in the previous 12 months.

Interventions:
The survey was anonymous and consisted of yes/no and Likert-scale questions and consisted of background of parent and child and perceptions and knowledge of safe sport recommendations. An expert panel validated the survey.

Main Outcome Measures:
Data were summarized by frequencies, proportions (%), and mean values and SDs, when appropriate. Chi-square analyses were used to determine if parent sex influenced distributions.

Results:
Over 80% of parents had no knowledge of sport volume recommendations regarding h/wk (84.5%), mo/yr (82.2%), or simultaneous participation in multiple leagues (89.9%). Twenty-four percent of parents considered it appropriate to participate in multiple leagues in the same sport, whereas 60.5% considered it appropriate to participate in multiple leagues of a different sport. Thirty-four percent of parents indicated that they were concerned about the risk of injury in youth sports. Although 55% of parents considered sport specialization a problem in youth sports, only 43.3% thought that year-round sport participation increased the chances of sustaining an overuse injury. Female parents were more likely to be concerned about injury and believe that year-round sport participation results in overuse injury compared with men.

Conclusions:
Recommendations associated with youth sport participation are not well known. However, parents are concerned about the risk of injury and consider sport specialization a problem.
A Microbial Signature of Psychological Distress in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Peter Johannes , Fournier Camille , Durdevic Marija , Knoblich Lukas , Keip Bettina , Dejaco Clemens , Trauner Michael , Moser Gabriele 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with alterations along the brain-gut-microbiota axis. Previous studies have suggested a parallel segregation of microbial features and psychological burden in IBS. This study aimed at exploring the microbial correlates of psychological distress in patients with IBS.

Methods
Forty-eight patients with IBS (Rome III criteria, M (SD) age = 42 (15) years, 35 female, 25 diarrhea-dominant, 5 constipation-dominant, and 18 alternating-type IBS) were assessed for psychological and clinical variables with validated questionnaires, fecal samples underwent microbial 16S rRNA analyses (regions V1–2). Microbial analyses comprised examination of alpha and beta diversity, correlational analyses of bacterial abundance and comparisons among subgroups defined by thresholds of psychological and IBS symptom variables, and machine learning to identify bacterial patterns corresponding with psychological distress.

Results
Thirty-one patients (65%) showed elevated psychological distress, 22 (31%) anxiety, and 10 depression (21%). Microbial beta diversity was significantly associated with distress and depression (q = .036 each, q values are p values false discovery rate–corrected for multiple testing). Depression was negatively associated with Lachnospiraceae abundance (Spearman's ρ = −0.58, q = .018). Patients exceeding thresholds of distress, anxiety, depression, and stress perception showed significantly higher abundances of Proteobacteria (q = .020–.036). Patients with anxiety were characterized by elevated Bacteroidaceae (q = .036). A signature of 148 unclassified species accounting for 3.9% of total bacterial abundance co-varied systematically with the presence of psychological distress.

Conclusions
Psychological variables significantly segregated gut microbial features, underscoring the role of brain-gut-microbiota interaction in IBS. A microbial signature corresponding with psychological distress was identified.

Clinical Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02536131, retrospectively registered.
Domain-general enhancements of metacognitive ability through adaptive training
Authors: Carpenter Jason , Sherman Maxine T. , Kievit Rogier A. , Seth Anil K. , Lau Hakwan , Fleming Stephen M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe metacognitive ability to introspect about self-performance varies substantially across individuals. Given that effective monitoring of performance is deemed important for effective behavioural control, intervening to improve metacognition may have widespread benefits, for example in educational and clinical settings. However, it is unknown whether and how metacognition can be systematically improved through training independently of task performance, or whether metacognitive improvements generalize across different task domains. Across 8 sessions, here we provided feedback to two groups of participants in a perceptual discrimination task: an experimental group (N = 29) received feedback on their metacognitive judgments, while an active control group (N = 32) received feedback on their decision performance only. Relative to the control group, adaptive training led to increases in metacognitive calibration (as assessed by Brier scores) which generalized both to untrained stimuli and an untrained task (recognition memory). Leveraging signal detection modeling we found that metacognitive improvements were driven both by changes in metacognitive efficiency (meta-d’/d’) and confidence level, and that later increases in metacognitive efficiency were positively mediated by earlier shifts in confidence. Our results reveal a striking malleability of introspection and indicate the potential for a domain-general enhancement of metacognitive abilities.
MIC-MAC: High-throughput analysis of three-dimensional microglia morphology in mammalian brains
Authors: Salamanca Luis , Mechawar Naguib , Murai Keith K. , Balling Rudi , Bouvier David S. , Skupin Alexander 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTMicroglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, exhibit complex and diverse phenotypes depending on their physiological context including brain regions and disease states. While single-cell RNA-sequencing has recently resolved this heterogeneity, it does not capture tissue and intercellular mechanisms. Our complementary imaging-based approach enables automatic 3D-morphology characterization and classification of thousands of individual microglia in situ and revealed species- and disease-specific morphological phenotypes in mouse and human brain samples.
GRaphical footprint based Alignment-Free method (GRAFree) for reconstructing evolutionary Traits in Large-Scale Genomic Features
Authors: Mahapatra Aritra , Mukherjee Jayanta 
Published: August 2018

abstractIn our study, we attempt to extract novel features from mitochondrial genomic sequences reflecting their evolutionary traits by our proposed method GRAFree (GRaphical footprint based Alignment-Free method). These features are used to build a phylogenetic tree given a set of species from insect, fish, bird, and mammal. A novel distance measure in the feature space is proposed for the purpose of reflecting the proximity of these species in the evolutionary processes. The distance function is found to be a metric. We have proposed a three step technique to select a feature vector from the feature space. We have carried out variations of these selected feature vectors for generating multiple hypothesis of these trees and finally we used a consensus based tree merging algorithm to obtain the phylogeny. Experimentations were carried out with 157 species covering four different classes such as, Insecta, Actinopterygii, Aves, and Mammalia. We also introduce a measure of quality of the inferred tree especially when the reference tree is not present. The performance of the output tree can be measured at each clade by considering the presence of each species at the corresponding clade. GRAFree can be applied on any graphical representation of genome to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree. We apply our proposed distance function on the selected feature vectors for three naive methods of graphical representation of genome. The inferred tree reflects some accepted evolutionary traits with a high bootstrap support. This concludes that our proposed distance function can be applied to capture the evolutionary relationships of a large number of both close and distance species using graphical methods.
Hydraulic control of embryo size, tissue shape and cell fate
Authors: Chan Chii Jou , Costanzo Maria , Ruiz-Herrero Teresa , Mönke Gregor , Petrie Ryan J. , Mahadevan L. , Hiiragi Takashi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSize control is fundamental in tissue development and homeostasis1,2. While the role of cell proliferation in this process has been widely studied3, the mechanisms of organ size control and how it impacts cell fates remain elusive. Here, we use mouse blastocyst development as a model to unravel a key role of fluid-filled lumen in embryonic size control and cell fate specification. We find that during blastocyst expansion, there is a two-fold increase in the pressure of the lumen that translates into a concomitant increase in the cortical tension of trophectoderm (TE) cells lining the lumen. Increased cortical tension leads to vinculin mechanosensing and maturation of the functional tight junctions, thereby establishing a positive feedback loop to accommodate lumenal growth. However, when the cortical tension reaches a critical threshold, cell-cell adhesion cannot be sustained, and mitotic entry leads to a rupture of TE epithelium, fluid leakage and collapse of the blastocyst cavity. A simple theory of hydraulically-gated oscillations that integrates these feedback interactions recapitulates the evolution of cavity size and predicts the scaling of embryonic size with the tissue volume. Our theory further predicts that reduced cortical tension or disrupted tight junctions, and increased tissue stiffness lead to smaller embryonic size. These predictions are verified experimentally by embryological, pharmacological and genetic manipulations of the embryos. Remarkably, these changes to lumenal size, without a change in the tissue volume, lead to alteration of tissue architecture and cell fate. Overall, our study reveals how lumenal pressure and tissue mechanics control embryonic size at the tissue scale, that in turn couples to cell position and fate at the cellular scale.
Spatial and temporal locomotor learning in mouse cerebellum
Authors: Darmohray Dana M. , Jacobs Jovin R. , Marques Hugo G. , Carey Megan R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractStable and efficient locomotion requires precise coordination of whole-body movements. Learned changes in interlimb coordination can be induced by exposure to a split-belt treadmill that imposes different speeds under each side of the body. Here we show that mice adapt to split-belt walking in a way that is remarkably similar to humans, suggesting that this form of locomotor learning is highly conserved across vertebrates. Like human learning, mouse locomotor adaptation is specific to measures of interlimb coordination, has spatial and temporal components that adapt at different rates, and is highly context-specific. Using a variety of approaches, we demonstrate that split-belt adaptation in mice specifically depends on intermediate cerebellum, but is insensitive to large lesions of cerebral cortex. Finally, cell-type specific chemogenetics combined with quantitative behavioral analysis reveal distinct neural circuit mechanisms underlying spatialvs. temporal components of locomotor adaptation.
Analysis of electromagnetic phenomena in modulated flux synchronous generator
Authors: Jedryczka Cezary , Szelag Wojciech , Gwozdz Michal Jan , Krystkowiak Michal 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the electromagnetic phenomena in permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) suited for wind turbines with uniquely designed system of two windings. The machine’s windings allow for application of a reliable and low-cost power electronic converter.

Design/methodology/approach
The 2D field-circuit model has been developed and used in comparative analysis between reference design PMSG with concentrated three-phase winding and two-windings PMSG to facilitate application of a low-cost and reliable AC/DC power electronic converter. The paper focuses on comparison of radial force density, core losses and torque waveforms in the proposed and reference machine with sinusoidal load currents.

Findings
The usefulness of the proposed approach for analysis of the two-winding PMSG performance by means of the field-circuit model has been proved. The obtained results show practically no drop off of performance of proposed machine in relation to reference PMSG. Moreover, it has been shown that both machines are characterized by the same level of radial force density. Therefore, the lower cost and reliable power electronic converts can be applied in the wind power energy systems (WPES) by slightly more complex design of the stator winding.

Originality/value
The proposed 2D field-circuit numerical model makes it possible to analyze the performance of the star-delta winding PMSG dedicated to be loaded by the AC to DC converter specially designed to achieve high reliability and efficiency of the system. Presented comparative studies on generator performance show that proposed modulated synchronous flux generator characterize with the same output torque at given supply current and core losses level like conventional PMSG with sinusoidal load.
Improving transparency in construction management: a visual planning and control model
Authors: Brady Denise Ann , Tzortzopoulos Patricia , Rooke John , Formoso Carlos Torres , Tezel Algan 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss a production planning and control model known as the Lean construction management (LCM) model, which applies a number of visual tools in a systematic way to the planning and control process. The application of the visual tools in this way facilitates the flow of information, thus improving transparency between the interfaces of planning, execution and control.

Design/methodology/approach
Design Science research is adopted for this investigation, which analyses the original development of the model and reports on its testing and refinement over different types of projects. The research is divided into three parts, each part focussing on a different stage of development and construction project type.

Findings
The main findings are related to the benefits of visual management in the construction planning and control process, such as maintaining consistency between different planning levels, so that feasible execution plans are created; control becomes more focussed on prevention rather than correction, and creates opportunities for collaborative problem solving. Moreover, the physical display of the visual tools in a discrete planning area on-site encourages a regular exchange between participants on actual work progress as it unfolds, leading to more timely reaction to the problems at hand.

Originality/value
The problem of a lack of transparency in construction planning and control leads to communication issues on-site, poor process orientation and high levels of waste. LCM improves process transparency by making information related to system-wide processes more readily available to project participants. This enables them to foresee problems in a timely manner and to take necessary measures to resolve them or to adapt the process to current circumstances. The LCM model proposes a new way of applying visual tools and controls systematically to improve transparency in construction planning and control.