bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammatory Indices and Their Associations With Postoperative Delirium
Authors: Mintz Gabrielle E , Marcantonio Edward R , Walston Jeremy D , Dillon Simon T , Jung Yoojin , Trivedi Shrunjal , Gu Xuesong , Fong Tamara G , Cavallari Michele , Touroutoglou Alexandra , Dickerson Bradford C , Jones Richard N , Shafi Mouhsin M , Pascual-Leone Alvaro , Travison Thomas G , Inouye Sharon K , Libermann Towia A , Ngo Long H , Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Although the pathogenesis of delirium is poorly understood, increasing evidence supports a role for inflammation. Previously, individual inflammatory biomarkers have been associated with delirium. Aggregating biomarkers into an index may provide more information than individual biomarkers in predicting certain health outcomes (eg, mortality); however, inflammatory indices have not yet been examined in delirium.

Methods
Four inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor-1, and chitinase-3 like protein-1, were measured preoperatively and on postoperative day 2 in 548 adults aged 70+ undergoing major noncardiac surgery (mean age 76.7 [standard deviation 5.2], 58% female, 24% delirium). From these markers, 4 inflammatory indices were considered: (i) quartile summary score, (ii) weighted summary score, (iii) principal component score, and (iv) a well-established inflammatory (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator-derived) index associated with mortality. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method, supplemented by chart review. Generalized linear models with a log-link term were used to determine the association between each inflammatory index and delirium incidence.

Results
Among the inflammatory indices, the weighted summary score demonstrated the strongest association with delirium: participants in the weighted summary score quartile (Q)4 had a higher risk of delirium versus participants in Q1, after clinical variable adjustment (relative risk, 95% confidence interval for preoperatively: 3.07, 1.80–5.22; and postoperative day 2: 2.65, 1.63–4.30). The weighted summary score was more strongly associated with delirium than the strongest associated individual inflammatory marker (preoperatively chitinase-3 like protein-1 [relative risk 2.45, 95% confidence interval 1.53–3.92]; postoperative day 2 interleukin-6 [relative risk 2.39, 95% confidence interval 1.50–3.82]).

Conclusions
A multi-protein inflammatory index using a weighted summary score provides a slight advantage over individual inflammatory markers in their association with delirium.
Adaptive output regulation for a one-dimensional wave system with variable coefficients subject to unknown biased harmonic disturbances
Authors: Peng Ning , Liu Jun-Jun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this work, we consider the output tracking problem of a hybrid wave-ODE system subject to unknown external disturbances in all possible channels. Both the disturbances and the reference signal are of unknown harmonic type. The performance output is noncollocated with the control input. We first construct an undisturbed auxiliary system and a proper internal model dynamic to restructure the tracking error. Then, we propose an error-based feedback controller to achieve output tracking by utilizing an invertible transform and an adaptive frequency estimation method. The well-posedness and stability of the closed-loop system is established by exploiting the principles of semigroup theory. Finally, these theoretical results are illustrated with numerical simulations.
U.S. NAMRU SOUTH's Insights and Contributions to Diagnostics in the Context of Malaria Elimination
Authors: Tapia L Lorena , Salas Carola J , Sanchez Juan F , Pannebaker Danielle L , Valdivia Hugo O 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Timely and accurate diagnosis is a critical aspect of malaria surveillance, treatment, and intervention campaigns. Currently, field malaria diagnostics rely almost primarily on light microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests. However, both methods miss a significant proportion of asymptomatic patients and perform poorly in low transmission settings. In this review, we present tools that have been used by U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit (NAMRU) SOUTH and its collaborators during the last 40 years for various aspects of malaria research, including clinical trials, outbreak response, and epidemiologic surveillance in South and Central America. Overall, the current and future toolbox for malaria diagnostics needs to be carefully evaluated and tailored to the malaria transmission dynamics in each focus to maximize its effectiveness and achieve the goal of malaria elimination.
Synthesis of the host associations of Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera): a key to illuminating a dark taxon
Authors: Moser Marina , Salden Tobias , Mikó István , Krogmann Lars 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Understanding the complexity of trophic interactions of parasitoid Hymenoptera remains a critical challenge in biodiversity research, particularly in vastly understudied dark taxa. Using Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera) as a case study, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of host associations at both genus level and species level across the four prominent genera Aphanogmus Thomson, 1858 (Ceraphronidae), Ceraphron Jurine, 1807 (Ceraphronidae), Conostigmus Dahlbom, 1858 (Megaspilidae) and Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852 (Megaspilidae), drawing from an extensive synthesis of existing literature. We shed light on the ecological interactions and explore their potential to advance integrative taxonomic efforts within this moderately species-rich yet highly understudied taxon. Our analysis reveals a broad host range that spans up to nine insect orders with species from the four major ceraphronoid genera parasitizing dipteran and hymenopteran hosts. Notably, 80.8% of ceraphronoid species lack documented host associations, reflecting significant gaps in autecological knowledge, with rates varying significantly between the genera. Our findings highlight the urgent need to improve our understanding of host-parasitoid interactions beyond economically relevant species, emphasizing both the significance and the potential of this data for biodiversity research within taxonomically challenging taxa, particularly in times of escalating species decline.
Uncertainty in Preferential Trade Agreements: Impact of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) Suspension on Exports
Authors: Kassa Woubet , Edjigu Habtamu , Hakobyan Shushanik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study examines the impact of an abrupt suspension of the benefits of the US African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) on exports from eligible African countries to the USA. The study uses a triple difference-in-differences estimation that controls for both country- and product-level changes in exports. The results suggest that suspension of the AGOA has a considerable negative impact on the level of exports to the USA. The impact appears to be bigger for countries with a high rate of utilization of AGOA. On average, suspension is associated with a subsequent 39% decline in exports to the USA. At the product level, the suspension affects exports of apparel and textiles the most, which decline by about 88%. Understanding the impact of withdrawing access to a nonreciprocal trade agreement is particularly important now, as the European Union has begun negotiating economic partnership agreements with African countries. This is a sign of a shift to reciprocity, and the USA is considering a similar path. These developments underscore the need to prepare for a post–AGOA period with more reciprocity as trade uncertainty is becoming rampant.
Evaluating Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) for the reduction of fumonisin B1 levels in livestock feed
Authors: Paulk Ryan T , Abbas Hamed K , Rojas M Guadalupe , Morales-Ramos Juan A , Busman Mark , Little Nathan , Shier W Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, L., can be an important component of the circular economy because of its ability to transform a variety of agricultural wastes and byproducts into valuable livestock feed. Analysis of their ability to endure toxins coupled with their potential to transfer contaminants to higher trophic levels is not complete. Fumonisins, produced primarily by Fusarium verticillioides (Hypocreales: Netriaceae) (Sacc.) Nirenberg (1976), are mycotoxins likely to be encountered by T. molitor in corn and other grain byproducts. Tenebrio molitor larvae were reared on a simulated diet of corn and other grain byproducts treated with a range of maximum recommended fumonisin B1 levels for different livestock feeds. We observed that T. molitor were able to survive, grow, and reduce by excretion and metabolism their retained fumonisin B1 levels by up to 99.7% compared to the diet they consumed. Unknown metabolic processes were inferred from the significantly reduced content of fumonisin B1 in the frass (63.1% to 73.2%) as compared to the diet and by the first report of long-chain acylated fumonisin B1 derivatives in insect frass.
Challenges in baiting to manage fungus-growing termite colonies
Authors: Chiu Chun-I , Li Hou-Feng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fungus-growing termites (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) exhibit significant diversity and abundance in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. Fungus-growing termites consume a wide range of materials, including leaf litter, woody debris, agricultural crops, and wooden structures, including houses. Their presence in termite baiting stations can impede the control of other residential termite pests, such as Coptotermes spp. Current control practices for managing fungus-growing termites are both costly and time-consuming, rendering them impractical for large-scale application. In our review, we analyzed recent biological and control studies on fungus-growing termites to identify key challenges and suggest improvements in termite management strategies. We identified 5 primary factors contributing to the low efficacy of current control measures for fungus-growing termites: (i) sporadic foraging behavior, which diminishes consistent bait intake; (ii) naturally small colony sizes; (iii) the nonmolting nature of the worker caste, reducing the effectiveness of chitin synthesis inhibitors; (iv) fungal cultivation, which delays and mitigates pesticide toxicity; and (v) wide-range of feeding niche, which lessens their consumption of cellulose-based baits. These insights are critical for developing more effective termite control strategies.
The U.S. Treasury Term Premia in a Low Interest Rate Regime
Authors: Isakin Maksim , Ngo Phuong V 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This article aims to rationalize major shifts in yields and term premia for the U.S. Treasury securities since 1961. To this end, we build and estimate a Markov switching model that features a distinctive regime where short-term interest rates are at the effective lower bound (ELB). Our empirical results show that the conditional covariance between long-run consumption growth and target inflation became significantly more positive at the ELB, which is consistent with the economic theory. More importantly, this change led to nominal bonds being a better hedge against low economic growth, causing a downward shift in term premia and yields. In addition, we can generate yields that match the U.S. data.
Motion analysis of an undulatory fin underwater robot
Authors: Lin Yu-Chih , Chung Yu-Chen , Lin Chien-Tzu , Wang Bo-Sheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The underwater robot has gained increasing attention due to the crucial role of oceanographic surveys in monitoring and exploring resources. A bionic underwater robot offers several advantages, including enhanced environmental interaction, reduced noise, improved propulsion, a smaller turning radius, higher efficiency and greater stability. This study designs and investigates a bionic underwater robot featuring undulatory soft fins. Finite element analysis is used to compute the drag and velocity of the robot with various shape designs. Experiments are conducted to measure the velocity under varying design parameters, including kinematic parameters, hull geometric shapes and fin materials. The experimental results reveal that the Type I robot exhibits vertical oscillations that reduce its forward speed. This phenomenon may result from asymmetry between the top and bottom of the stern, generating a pitch moment that leads to lift and causes oscillation. It is also indicated from the experiments that velocity generally increases with amplitude and frequency. The robot achieves optimal velocity performance with a phase difference of 67.5° (0.375π) and an amplitude of 60° for both polyvinyl chloride and natural rubber fins. The robot with Type B at both ends performs better than the one with Type A at both ends, consistent with the finite element analysis results, though the difference is not significant in the current design. The shape design for the hull is crucial and warrants further investigation. This study provides recommendations for optimizing the shape, materials and motion parameters of bionic soft undulating fin underwater robots.
A brief review of the photoelasticity based on a pixelated polarization camera: principle, advantages/disadvantages and typical applications
Authors: Su Fei , Wu Shaohua , Zhang Zheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
An innovative form of photoelasticity, based on pixel polarization cameras, is rapidly advancing. This paper offers a comprehensive introduction to its operational principles, highlighting key technical advantages such as high-speed and quantitative testing capability, high sensitivity, robust resistance to environmental light interference and a straightforward structure conducive to implementation in industrial settings. Four application examples are provided to demonstrate these advantages. The first two are about dynamic and quantitative stress evaluation, the third one is on-site strength evaluation of tempered glass around the bolts in a confined space, the last one is measurement of Micro-Electrical-Mechanical-System (MEMS) stress birefringence field. In order to provide readers with a more comprehensive understanding of the technology, two primary drawbacks of the new photoelasticity are also addressed. The first is the manufacturing deviation of the nano-grating polarizer, which introduces an additional error factor that necessitates complex corrective measures for high-precision testing. The second is the method's limited measurement range, which requires the use of a multi-wavelength or Red-Green-Blue (RGB) method for unwrapping under large-range conditions. Up-to-date research regarding error correction and phase unwrapping of the novel photoelasticity are briefly introduced, some potential application directions are also introduced.
WEAVE First Light Observations: Origin and Dynamics of the Shock Front in Stephan’s Quintet
Authors: Arnaudova M I , Das S , Smith D J B , Hardcastle M J , Hatch N , Trager S C , Smith R J , Drake A B , McGarry J C , Shenoy S , Stott J P , Knapen J H , Hess K M , Duncan K J , Gloudemans A , Best P N , García-Benito R , Kondapally R , Balcells M , Couto G S , Abrams D C , Aguado D , Aguerri J A L , Barrena R , Benn C R , Bensby T , Berlanas S R , Bettoni D , Cano-Infantes D , Carrera R , Concepción P J , Dalton G B , D’Ago G , Dee K , Domínguez-Palmero L , Drew J E , Escott E L , Fariña C , Fossati M , Fumagalli M , Gafton E , Gribbin F J , Hughes S , Iovino A , Jin S , Lewis I J , Longhetti M , Méndez-Abreu J , Mercurio A , Molaeinezhad A , Molinari E , Monguió M , Murphy D N A , Picó S , Pieri M M , Ridings A W , Romero-Gómez M , Schallig E , Shimwell T W , Skvarč J , Stuik R , Vallenari A , van der Hulst J M , Walton N A , Worley C C 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a detailed study of the large-scale shock front in Stephan’s Quintet, a by-product of past and ongoing interactions. Using integral-field spectroscopy from the new William Herschel Telescope Enhanced Area Velocity Explorer (WEAVE), recent 144 MHz observations from the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey, and archival data from the Very Large Array and JWST, we obtain new measurements of key shock properties and determine its impact on the system. Harnessing the WEAVE large integral field unit’s field of view (90 $\times$ 78 arcsec$^{2}$), spectral resolution ($R\sim 2500$), and continuous wavelength coverage across the optical band, we perform robust emission-line modelling and dynamically locate the shock within the multiphase intergalactic medium with higher precision than previously possible. The shocking of the cold gas phase is hypersonic, and comparisons with shock models show that it can readily account for the observed emission-line ratios. In contrast, we demonstrate that the shock is relatively weak in the hot plasma visible in X-rays (with Mach number of $\mathcal {M}\sim 2\!-\!4$), making it inefficient at producing the relativistic particles needed to explain the observed synchrotron emission. Instead, we propose that it has led to an adiabatic compression of the medium, which has increased the radio luminosity 10-fold. Comparison of the Balmer line-derived extinction map with the molecular gas and hot dust observed with JWST suggests that pre-existing dust may have survived the collision, allowing the condensation of H$_2$ – a key channel for dissipating the shock energy.
Planet–planet scattering in systems of multiple planets of unequal mass
Authors: Marzari F 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
A large sample of planet–planet scattering events for three planet systems with different orbital separations and masses is analysed with a multiple regression model. The dependence of the time for the onset of instability on the masses of the planets and on their initial orbital separations is modelled with a quadratic function. The same analysis is applied to the timespan of the chaotic evolution dominated by mutual close encounters. The configurations with the less massive planet on an outside orbit are stable over longer time-scales. The same configuration leads to shorter chaotic evolution times before the ejection of one planet. In about 70 per cent of the cases, the lighter planet is the one escaping from the system. If a different separation is assumed between the inner and outer planet pairs, then the dominant effect on the instability time is due to the pair with the smaller separation, as a first approximation.
Probing galaxy evolution from z = 0 to z ≃ 10 through galaxy scaling relations in three L-galaxies flavours
Authors: Vani Akash , Ayromlou Mohammadreza , Kauffmann Guinevere , Springel Volker 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive examination of the three latest versions of the L-galaxies semi-analytic galaxy formation model, focusing on the evolution of galaxy properties across a broad stellar mass range ($10^7\:{\rm M}_{\odot }\lesssim {M_\star }\lesssim 10^{12}\:{\rm M}_{\odot }$) from $z=0$ to $z\simeq 10$. This study is the first to compare predictions of L-galaxies with high-redshift observations well outside the original calibration regime, utilizing multiband data from surveys such as SDSS, CANDELS, COSMOS, HST, JWST, and ALMA. We assess the models’ ability to reproduce various time-dependent galaxy scaling relations for star-forming and quenched galaxies. Key focus areas include global galaxy properties such as stellar mass functions, cosmic star formation rate density, and the evolution of the main sequence of star-forming galaxies. Additionally, we examine resolved morphological properties such as the galaxy mass–size relation, alongside core $(R\lt 1\, {\rm {kpc}})$ and effective $(R\lt R_{\rm {e}})$ stellar-mass surface densities as a function of stellar mass. This analysis reveals that the L-galaxies models are in qualitatively good agreement with observed global scaling relations up to $z\simeq 10$. However, significant discrepancies exist at both low and high redshifts in accurately reproducing the number density, size, and surface density evolution of quenched galaxies. These issues are most pronounced for massive central galaxies, where the simulations underpredict the abundance of quenched systems at $z\ge 1.5$, reaching a discrepancy of a factor of 60 by $z\approx 3$, with sizes several times larger than observed. Therefore, we propose that the physical prescriptions governing galaxy quenching, such as AGN feedback and processes related to merging, require improvement to be more consistent with observational data.
Phenomenology of auto-induced cognitive trance using text mining: a prospective and exploratory group study
Authors: Vanhaudenhuyse Audrey , Castillo Marie-Carmen , Martial Charlotte , Annen Jitka , Bicego Aminata , Rousseaux Floriane , Sanz Leandro R D , Sombrun Corine , Bioy Antoine , Gosseries Olivia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Auto-induced cognitive trance (AICT) is a modified state of consciousness derived from shamanic tradition that can be practised by individuals after specific training. The aim of this work was to characterize the phenomenological experiences of AICT, using text mining analysis. Free recalls of subjective experiences were audio-recorded in 27 participants after five pseudo-randomized experimental sessions: ordinary conscious resting state, with auditory stimulation and with an imaginary mental task, as well as during AICT with and without auditory stimulation. Recordings were transcribed, normalized total word counts were calculated for each condition, and analyses of content were performed using IRaMuTeQ software. Results showed that the length of the participants’ reports was higher for AICT compared to the other conditions, and that the content could be categorized into four classes of discourse: AICT memory, AICT, ordinary conscious states, and AICT with and without stimulation. AICT was also characterized by specific content compared to rest, auditory stimulation, and imagination conditions. Content analysis of the narrative revealed nine categories encompassing the presence of nature, people, animals, positive and negative features, sensory perceptions, body modifications, metacognition, and difficulty of describing thoughts. Among these categories, AICT is specifically characterized by reports related to the presence of nature, animals, body modifications, as well as the difficulty of describing thoughts. These results suggest that a richer phenomenology was reported during AICT, compared to the other conditions, and that AICT constitutes a class of discourse on its own, with a clear dissociation from the other conditions.