bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expansion breccias in Lower Cretaceous Apennine pelagic limestones: II. Geochemical constraints on their origin
Authors: Belza J. , Alvarez W. , Tavarnelli E. , Vanhaecke F. , Baele J.-M. , Claeys P. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The geochemical signatures of sparry calcite-sealing expansion breccias, calcite veins, and host clasts were analyzed for their strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and oxygen and carbon (δ18O, δ13C) stable isotopic signatures. The breccias occur within the Lower Cretaceous Maiolica Formation. Related but different breccias are found in a few places in the Upper Cretaceous to Eocene Scaglia Rossa Formation of the Umbria-Marche Apennines fold-and-thrust belt (Italy). We propose hydraulic fracturing by fluid overpressure as a possible mechanism for generation of the breccias in these formations. Our data are compatible with the hypothesis of a hydraulically fractured breccia formed by cyclic buildup and rapid decompression of CO2-rich fluids, with overpressures generated by entrapment of CO2 by structural and stratigraphic seals. Strontium and oxygen isotope ratio data suggest that the CO2-rich fluids may have originated from carbonate metasomatism of the mantle, resulting from subduction of carbonate-rich lithologies constituting the downgoing slab. This is consistent with previous conceptual models inferring that in the central part of the Northern Apennines, which is characterized by thick continental crust, CO2-rich fluids derived from mantle metasomatism would become trapped in structural seals, creating high fluid overpressures.
Late Eocene impact ejecta in Italy: Attempts to constrain the impactor composition from isotopic analyses of spinel-rich samples
Authors: Koeberl* Christian , Montanari Alessandro , Schulz Toni , Tusch Jonas , Mougel Berengere , Moynier Frédéric 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The late Eocene was marked by multiple impact events, possibly related to a comet or asteroid shower. Marine sediments worldwide contain evidence for at least two closely spaced impactoclastic layers. The upper layer might be correlated with the North American tektite-strewn field (with the 85-km-diameter Chesapeake Bay impact structure [USA] as its source crater), although this is debated, whereas the lower, microkrystite layer (with clinopyroxene [cpx]-bearing spherules) was most likely derived from the 100-km-diameter Popigai impact crater (Russia). The Eocene-Oligocene global stratotype section and point is located at Massignano, Italy, and below the boundary, in the late Eocene, at the 5.61 m level, shocked quartz and pancake-shaped smectite spherules that contain (Ni- and Cr-rich) magnesioferrite spinel crystals are found. These are associated with a positive Ir anomaly in deposits with the same age as the Popigai-derived cpx spherule layer. This layer is overlain by another Ir-rich layer, likely due to another large impact event. From a large amount of “pancake-bearing” rock, we isolated a few hundred milligrams of this spinel-rich material. The tungsten isotopic composition of this material shows more or less a terrestrial composition. However, the spinel-rich materials have excess 54Cr values (expressed as ε54Cr, which is the per ten thousand deviation of the 54Cr/52Cr ratio from a terrestrial standard) of around –0.4 to –0.5 ε54Cr, which distinctly point to an ordinary chondritic impactor. This result supports the asteroid impact interpretation but not the comet impact hypothesis.
Popigai impact ejecta layer and extraterrestrial spinels recovered in a new Italian location—The Monte Vaccaro section (Marche Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Boschi*,† Samuele , Schmitz† Birger , Terfelt† Fredrik , Ros† Linus , Elfman† Mikael , Kristiansson† Per , Sulas† Camilla , Monechi† Simonetta , Montanari† Alessandro 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The Popigai (100 km in diameter) and the Chesapeake Bay (40–85 km diameter) impact structures formed within ~10–20 k.y. in the late Eocene during a 2 m.y. period with enhanced flux of 3He-rich interplanetary dust to Earth. Ejecta from the Siberian Popigai impact structure have been found in late Eocene marine sediments at numerous deep-sea drilling sites around the globe and also in a few marine sections outcropped on land, like the Massignano section near Ancona in Italy. In the Massignano section, the Popigai layer is associated with an iridium anomaly, shocked quartz, and abundant clinopyroxene-bearing (cpx) spherules, altered to smectite and flattened to “pancake spherules.” The ejecta are also associated with a significant enrichment of H-chondritic chromite grains (&gt;63 μm), likely representing unmelted fragments of the impactor. The Massignano section also contains abundant terrestrial chrome-spinel grains, making reconstructions of the micrometeorite flux very difficult. We therefore searched for an alternative section that would be more useful for these types of studies. Here, we report the discovery of such a section, and also the first discovery of the Popigai ejecta in another locality in Italy, the Monte Vaccaro section, 90 km west of Ancona. The Monte Vaccaro section biostratigraphy was established based on calcareous nannoplankton, which allowed the identification of a sequence of distinct bioevents showing a good correlation with the Massignano section. In both the Monte Vaccaro and Massignano sections, the Popigai ejecta layer occurs in calcareous nannofossil zone CNE 19. The ejecta layer in the Monte Vaccaro section contains shocked quartz, abundant pancake spherules, and an iridium anomaly of 700 ppt, which is three times higher than the peak Ir measured in the ejecta layer at Massignano. In a 105-kg-size sample from just above the ejecta layer at Monte Vaccaro, we also found an enrichment of H-chondritic chromite grains. Because of its condensed nature and low content of terrestrial spinel grains, the Monte Vaccaro section holds great potential for reconstructions of the micrometeorite flux to Earth during the late Eocene using spinels.
Distribution of chrome-spinel grains across the 3He anomaly of the Tortonian Stage at the Monte dei Corvi section, Italy
Authors: Boschi*,† Samuele , Schmitz† Birger , Montanari† Alessandro 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The present-day ocean-climate system configuration took shape during the Miocene Epoch. Toward the end of the epoch, in the late Tortonian at ca. 8.5 Ma, there was an exceptional event: collisional disruption of an &gt;150-km-diameter asteroid, which created the Veritas family of asteroids in the asteroid belt. This event increased the flux of interplanetary dust particles rich in 3He to Earth and probably caused a period of increased dust in the atmosphere, with consequent alteration of global and local environmental conditions. A late Miocene 3He anomaly likely related to the Veritas event has been registered in deep-sea sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 926 (Atlantic Ocean), ODP Site 757 (Indian Ocean), and in the late Tortonian–early Messinian Monte dei Corvi section near Ancona, Italy. Here, we report the results of a study in the Monte dei Corvi section aimed to recover extraterrestrial chrome-spinel grains across the 3He anomaly interval, as has been done for the similar late Eocene 3He anomaly in the nearby Massignano section. In this study, three ~100 kg samples were collected from the Monte dei Corvi section: two within the 3He peak interval and one outside the anomaly interval as a background reference sample. In total, 1151 chrome-spinel grains (&gt;63 µm) were recovered, but based on chemical composition, none of the grains has a clear extraterrestrial origin. This supports the inference that the 3He anomaly is indeed related to the Veritas event and not to an approximately coeval breakup of a smaller H-chondritic body in the asteroid belt, an event registered in meteoritic cosmic-ray exposure ages. Spectral studies of the Veritas asteroids indicate that they are made up of carbonaceous chondritic material. Such meteorites generally have very low chrome-spinel concentrations in the grain-size range considered here, contrary to the very chromite-rich ordinary chondrites. The terrestrial grains recovered were classified, and their composition showed that all the grains have an ophiolitic origin with no substantial compositional and distributional change through the section. The source area of the terrestrial grains was probably the Dinarides orogen.
Paleoclimate implications of earliest Pleistocene tree rings from the Dunarobba Fossil Forest, Umbria, Italy
Authors: Bice* David , Csank* Adam , Macalady* Alison , Montanari* Alessandro , Tierney* Devin , Baldanza* Angela 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT
The earliest Pleistocene fossil forest of Dunarobba (Umbria, Italy) consists of a set of more than 70 tree trunks of an extinct species of sequoia or cypress with original cellulose still preserved. Spectral analyses of tree-ring series (325 and 448 yr in duration) combined with oxygen isotope analyses of the cellulose provide a glimpse into the mean annual temperature and the interannual climate variability that characterized this region at the beginning of the Pleistocene, when the concentration of atmospheric CO2 was ~400 ppm. The high-frequency variability of the ring width time series shows significant spectral components that are consistent with the influence from the North Atlantic Oscillation, and to a lesser extent, solar cycles and El Niño–Southern Oscillation. The mean annual temperature estimate of ~19 °C, based on a model that combines ring widths and oxygen isotope values, is a full 6 °C warmer than the present-day value for this region. These elevated temperatures are consistent with estimates from pollen analyses and with estimates from higher latitudes.
Extreme thermal metamorphism associated with Gondwana assembly: Evidence from sapphirine-bearing granulites of Rajapalayam, southern India
Authors: Li Shan-Shan , Palin Richard M. , Santosh M. , Shaji E. , Tsunogae T. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The Madurai block is the largest composite crustal block in the Southern Granulite terrane of India, where granulite-facies rocks metamorphosed at ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) conditions occur in several localities. Here, we investigated UHT rocks from Rajapalayam, in the southern domain of the Southern Granulite terrane, using integrated thermobarometry and in situ monazite geochronology to precisely constrain the nature and timing of this extreme metamorphism and its implications for regional tectonics. Conventional thermobarometry and petrological phase equilibrium modeling reveal prograde pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions at 0.75–1.2 GPa and &lt;900 °C, followed by peak/postpeak UHT metamorphism at 0.72–0.82 GPa and 1025–1050 °C, and retrograde reequilibration at 0.72–0.80 GPa and 875–895 °C. The granulites thus record a clockwise P-T path defining geothermal gradients of 1200–1500 °C/GPa at peak metamorphism, indicating the presence of an extreme thermal perturbation in the middle to lower continental crust. In situ monazite dating indicates prograde metamorphism at 607–585 Ma, peak metamorphism at 546–543 Ma, and retrograde cooling and exhumation at 539–483 Ma. As such, the entire tectonothermal cycle was complete within ∼120 m.y., although temperatures exceeding 900 °C were likely sustained for at least 30 m.y. Such extreme thermal events preserved in geological terranes worldwide are commonly associated with lithospheric extension, although our data show that prolonged heating can occur during continental convergence instead, supporting inferences made by thermomechanical models. Thus, supercontinent formation may act as a driver for spatially distributed UHT tectonometamorphism, as shown by the episodic records in geological history. The age of peak metamorphism constrained here was synchronous with UHT metamorphism in other localities in the Southern Granulite terrane, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, and Antarctica, indicating their correlation with the final amalgamation of eastern Gondwana at ca. 550 Ma.
Genotype–phenotype correlation and interaction of 4q25, 15q14 and MIPEP variants with myopia in southern Chinese population
Authors: Liu Junbin , Zhang Riping , Sun Lixia , Zheng Yuqian , Chen Shaowan , Chen Shao-Lang , Xu Yanxuan , Pang Chi-Pui , Zhang Mingzhi , Ng Tsz Kin 
Published: October 2019

Background/aimsTo determine the association and interaction of genome-wide association study-reported variants for Asian populations with myopia and ocular biometric parameters in southern Chinese population.MethodsTotally, 1462 unrelated Han Chinese subjects were recruited with complete ophthalmic examinations, including 1196 myopia and 266 control subjects. A total of nine variants were selected for TaqMan genotyping. The genetic association, joint additive effect and genotype–phenotype correlation were investigated.ResultsThe 4q25 variant rs10034228 (p=0.002, OR=0.56) and MIPEP variant rs9318086 (p=0.004, OR=1.62) were found to be significantly associated with myopia as well as different severity of myopia. Moreover, 15q14 variant rs524952 (p=0.015, OR=1.49) also showed mild association with myopia and high myopia. However, there was no significant association of CTNND2, vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 and syntrophin beta 1 variants with myopia. Joint additive analysis revealed that the subjects carrying 6 risk alleles of the 3 associated variants were 10-fold higher risk predisposed to high myopia. Genotype–phenotype correlation analysis revealed that high myopia subjects carrying 4q25 rs10034228 T allele showed thicker central corneal thickness, whereas high myopia subjects carrying 15q14 rs524952 A allele were associated with longer axial length and larger curvature ratio.ConclusionThis study revealed significant association of 4q25, 15q14 and MIPEP variants with myopia and different severity of myopia in southern Chinese population, joint additively enhancing 10-fold of risk predisposing to high myopia. The correlation of these associated variants with axial length and corneal parameters suggests their contribution to the refractive status in high myopia subjects.
FuzzFactory: domain-specific fuzzing with waypoints
Authors: Padhye Rohan , Lemieux Caroline , Sen Koushik , Simon Laurent , Vijayakumar Hayawardh 
Published: October 2019

Coverage-guided fuzz testing has gained prominence as a highly effective method of finding security vulnerabilities such as buffer overflows in programs that parse binary data. Recently, researchers have introduced various specializations to the coverage-guided fuzzing algorithm for different domain-specific testing goals, such as finding performance bottlenecks, generating valid inputs, handling magic-byte comparisons, etc. Each such solution can require non-trivial implementation effort and produces a distinct variant of a fuzzing tool. We observe that many of these domain-specific solutions follow a common solution pattern.
In this paper, we present FuzzFactory, a framework for developing domain-specific fuzzing applications without requiring changes to mutation and search heuristics. FuzzFactory allows users to specify the collection of dynamic domain-specific feedback during test execution, as well as how such feedback should be aggregated. FuzzFactory uses this information to selectively save intermediate inputs, called waypoints, to augment coverage-guided fuzzing. Such waypoints always make progress towards domain-specific multi-dimensional objectives. We instantiate six domain-specific fuzzing applications using FuzzFactory: three re-implementations of prior work and three novel solutions, and evaluate their effectiveness on benchmarks from Google's fuzzer test suite. We also show how multiple domains can be composed to perform better than the sum of their parts. For example, we combine domain-specific feedback about strict equality comparisons and dynamic memory allocations, to enable the automatic generation of LZ4 bombs and PNG bombs.
Safer smart contract programming with Scilla
Authors: Sergey Ilya , Nagaraj Vaivaswatha , Johannsen Jacob , Kumar Amrit , Trunov Anton , Hao Ken Chan Guan 
Published: October 2019

The rise of programmable open distributed consensus platforms based on the blockchain technology has aroused a lot of interest in replicated stateful computations, aka smart contracts. As blockchains are used predominantly in financial applications, smart contracts frequently manage millions of dollars worth of virtual coins. Since smart contracts cannot be updated once deployed, the ability to reason about their correctness becomes a critical task. Yet, the de facto implementation standard, pioneered by the Ethereum platform, dictates smart contracts to be deployed in a low-level language, which renders independent audit and formal verification of deployed code infeasible in practice.
We report an ongoing experiment held with an industrial blockchain vendor on designing, evaluating, and deploying Scilla, a new programming language for safe smart contracts. Scilla is positioned as an intermediate-level language, suitable to serve as a compilation target and also as an independent programming framework. Taking System F as a foundational calculus, Scilla offers strong safety guarantees by means of type soundness. It provides a clean separation between pure computational, state-manipulating, and communication aspects of smart contracts, avoiding many known pitfalls due to execution in a byzantine environment. We describe the motivation, design principles, and semantics of Scilla, and we report on Scilla use cases provided by the developer community. Finally, we present a framework for lightweight verification of Scilla programs, and showcase it with two domain-specific analyses on a suite of real-world use cases.
“The Spirit of Old Aksakov … Added to the Charm”
Authors: Mamontov Savva , _ _ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This text is an extract from the “Chronicle of the Abramtsevo Estate,” a collective diary that details the daily functioning of the estate, as well as the special events, projects, and artistic activities that were held there by Savva Mamontov and his associates from 1870 until 1893. It thus provides a unique glimpse into both the personal and professional lives of one of Russia’s most important and influential artistic colonies.
All the Folk Art News Fit to Print
Authors: Rusnock K. Andrea 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Neo-nationalism was concerned with a new aesthetic, not just in the fine arts but also in the crafts, particularly needlework. One way that this aesthetic was disseminated for needle art was through publications—magazines, pattern books, how-to-manuals, guides for schools, and the like. Publications on needlework were produced throughout the nineteenth century, and their output increased toward the end of the 1800s, with many portraying peasant imagery and patterns associated with this new style of Neo-nationalism. This article explores how needlework publications propagated Neo-nationalist art to a broad audience and the key role they played in shaping the cultural milieu of the Russian late Imperial period.
Developing tools for learning oriented assessment of interactional competence: Bridging theory and practice
Authors: May Lyn , Nakatsuhara Fumiyo , Lam Daniel , Galaczi Evelina 
Published: October 2019

In this paper we report on a project in which we developed tools to support the classroom assessment of learners’ interactional competence (IC) and provided learning oriented feedback in the context of preparation for a high-stakes face-to-face speaking test. Six trained examiners provided stimulated verbal reports ( n = 72) on 12 paired interactions, focusing on interactional features of candidates’ performance. We thematically analysed the verbal reports to inform a draft checklist and materials, which were then trialled by four experienced teachers. Informed by both data sources, the final product comprised the following: (a) a detailed IC checklist with nine main categories and over 50 sub-categories, an accompanying detailed description of each area and feedback to learners, which teachers can adapt to suit their teaching and testing contexts; and (b) a concise IC checklist with four categories and bite-sized feedback for real-time classroom assessment. Interactional competence, a key aspect of face-to-face communication, is under-researched and under-explored in second/foreign language teaching, learning, and assessment contexts. This in-depth treatment of it, therefore, stands to contribute to learning contexts through raising teachers’ and learners’ awareness of micro-level features of the construct, and to assessment contexts through developing a more comprehensive understanding of the construct.
Measuring patient activation in Chinese patients with hypertension and/or diabetes: reliability and validity of the PAM13
Authors: Zeng Huijuan , Jiang Runsheng , Zhou Mei , Wu Linxiong , Tian Bo , Zhang Yao , Qu Fanwei 
Published: October 2019

Objective Patient activation is important in the management of chronic diseases (CDs), especially hypertension and diabetes. The 13-item short form Patient Activation Measure (PAM13) is widely used, but data are lacking for China. The study aim was to assess the reliability and validity of the PAM13 in Chinese patients with hypertension and/or diabetes in a community management setting. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted at four community health centres in Kunming (Yunnan province, China) Participants were patients (n = 519) with hypertension and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus being managed at the community health centres. Patient activation was measured using the Chinese version of the PAM13. Reliability and validity were tested using Cronbach’s α and confirmatory factor analysis. Results The male to female ratio was 1:1.65. In total, 307 (60.3%) patients had ≤9 years of education and 213 (41.8%) had a low household income (≤5000 RMB/month). Cronbach’s α was 0.920 and item–total correlations ranged from 0.535 to 0.714. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data. Conclusions The PAM13 shows good reliability and validity for measuring patient activation in Chinese patients with CDs (hypertension and/or diabetes).
Cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins as markers for metastatic triple negative breast cancer
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed Elimam Ahamed , Elhassan Nuha Mohammed 
Published: October 2019

Objective This study investigated immunohistochemical staining results of two cytoskeletal proteins (vimentin and cytokeratin-18) and two extracellular matrix proteins (fibronectin-1 and laminin-1 receptor) in different stages of triple negative breast cancer. Methods Forty triple negative cancerous breast tissues from patients diagnosed as stage 2A (15), 2B (nine), 3A (10), 3B (four), and 3C (two) were included in this study and were compared with 42 normal breast tissues. Immunohistochemistry results were statistically analyzed using the t-test percent of the StatPac program. Results The percentages of positive staining in cancerous tissues for all of the studied parameters were significantly greater than their percentages in normal tissues, except for vimentin. All cancerous tissues from patients diagnosed as stage 3A, 3B, and 3C were positive for both fibronectin-1 and laminin-1 receptor. Conclusion Fibronectin-1 and laminin-1 receptor are promising markers for stage 3 triple negative breast cancer.