bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Harmonized Long‐Term Spaceborne Record of Far‐Red Solar‐Induced Fluorescence
Authors: Parazoo Nicholas C. , Frankenberg Christian , Köhler Philipp , Joiner Joanna , Yoshida Yasuko , Magney Troy , Sun Ying , Yadav Vineet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFar‐red solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) has been retrieved from multiple satellites with nearly continuous global coverage since 1996. Multiple official and research‐grade retrievals provide a means for cross validation across sensors and algorithms, but produces substantial variation across products due to differences in instrument characteristics and retrieval algorithm. The lack of a consistent, calibrated SIF data set hampers scientific interpretation of planetary photosynthesis. NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO‐2) offers small sampling footprints, high data acquisition, and repeating spatially resolved targets at bioclimatically diverse locations, providing a unique benchmark for spaceborne sensors traceable to ground data. We leverage overlap between the longer running Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument version 2 (GOME‐2) SIF time series, and more recent state‐of‐the‐art OCO‐2 and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) data, in a first attempt to reconcile inconsistencies in the long‐term record. After screening and correcting for key instrument differences (time of day, wavelength, Sun‐sensor geometry, cloud effects, footprint area), we find that Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument version 2 and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument perform exceedingly well in capturing spatial, seasonal, and interannual variability across OCO‐2 targets. However, Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument version 2 retrieval methods differ by up to a factor of 2 in signal‐to‐noise and magnitude. Magnitude differences are largely attributed to retrieval window choice, with wider windows producing higher magnitudes. The assumed SIF spectral shape has negligible effect. Substantial research is needed to understand remaining sensitivities to atmospheric absorption and reflectance. We conclude that OCO‐2 and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument have opened up the possibility to produce a multidecadal SIF record with well‐characterized uncertainty and error quantification for overlapping instruments, enabling back‐calibration of previous instruments and production of a consistent, research‐grade, harmonized time series.
Postobductional Kinematic Evolution and Geomorphology of a Major Regional Structure—The Semail Gap Fault Zone (Oman Mountains)
Authors: Scharf A. , Mattern F. , Moraetis D. , Callegari I. , Weidle C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Semail Gap/Semail Gap Fault Zone is one of the most prominent tectonic features in the Oman Mountains and is located between the Jabal Akhdar Dome in the west and the Saih Hatat Dome to the east. The two domes were uplifted during the Late Eocene to Early Miocene. Uplift led to monoclinal bending with a “fold axis” parallel to the Semail Gap. Subsequently, dextral transtensional faulting along the Semail Gap Fault Zone ensued. This fault zone follows a major preexisting fault, which explains the distribution differences of Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic sedimentary formations (partly omissions) across this structure. The vertical and horizontal displacements along the Semail Gap amount to up to ~5.5 and ≤2 km, respectively. Vertical displacement may be a combination of monoclinal bending and later faulting along the Semail Gap Fault Zone. Its latest activity mainly preceded the Quaternary because there is only minor faulting of Quaternary deposits. Despite ongoing uplift of the Oman Mountains, which may amount to ≤50 m during the Quaternary based on incision of wadi/alluvial terraces, only insignificant seismicity is observed and attributed to minor movements along this fault zone. The transtensional deformation is a result of uplift and orogenic/gravitational collapse of the Jabal Akhdar/Saih Hatat domes. The neighboring two hanging wall blocks of each dome moved downward, ESE/SE and SSW/SW, which explains dextral transtension along the Semail Gap Fault Zone. The Semail Gap Fault Zone has a sinistral transtensional counterpart at the southwestern margin of the Nakhl Subdome/Saih Hatat Dome.
Analysis of polygenic risk score usage and performance in diverse human populations
Authors: Duncan L. , Shen H. , Gelaye B. , Meijsen J. , Ressler K. , Feldman M. , Peterson R. , Domingue B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA historical tendency to use European ancestry samples hinders medical genetics research, including the use of polygenic scores, which are individual-level metrics of genetic risk. We analyze the first decade of polygenic scoring studies (2008–2017, inclusive), and find that 67% of studies included exclusively European ancestry participants and another 19% included only East Asian ancestry participants. Only 3.8% of studies were among cohorts of African, Hispanic, or Indigenous peoples. We find that predictive performance of European ancestry-derived polygenic scores is lower in non-European ancestry samples (e.g. African ancestry samples: t = −5.97, df = 24, p = 3.7 × 10−6), and we demonstrate the effects of methodological choices in polygenic score distributions for worldwide populations. These findings highlight the need for improved treatment of linkage disequilibrium and variant frequencies when applying polygenic scoring to cohorts of non-European ancestry, and bolster the rationale for large-scale GWAS in diverse human populations.
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism confounds efficacy of complement-mediated killing
Authors: Cheng Zhi-xue , Guo Chang , Chen Zhuang-gui , Yang Tian-ci , Zhang Jian-ying , Wang Jie , Zhu Jia-xin , Li Dan , Zhang Tian-tuo , Li Hui , Peng Bo , Peng Xuan-xian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSerum resistance is a poorly understood but common trait of some difficult-to-treat pathogenic strains of bacteria. Here, we report that glycine, serine and threonine catabolic pathway is down-regulated in serum-resistantEscherichia coli, whereas exogenous glycine reverts the serum resistance and effectively potentiates serum to eliminate clinically-relevant bacterial pathogens in vitro and in vivo. We find that exogenous glycine increases the formation of membrane attack complex on bacterial membrane through two previously unrecognized regulations: 1) glycine negatively and positively regulates metabolic flux to purine biosynthesis and Krebs cycle, respectively. 2) α-Ketoglutarate inhibits adenosine triphosphate synthase, which in together promote the formation of cAMP/CRP regulon to increase the expression of complement-binding proteins HtrE, NfrA, and YhcD. The results could lead to effective strategies for managing the infection with serum-resistant bacteria, an especially valuable approach for treating individuals with weak acquired immunity but a normal complement system.
JMJD6 is a tumorigenic factor and therapeutic target in neuroblastoma
Authors: Wong Matthew , Sun Yuting , Xi Zhichao , Milazzo Giorgio , Poulos Rebecca C. , Bartenhagen Christoph , Bell Jessica L. , Mayoh Chelsea , Ho Nicholas , Tee Andrew E. , Chen Xiaoqiong , Li Yang , Ciaccio Roberto , Liu Pei Y. , Jiang Chen C. , Lan Qing , Jayatilleke Nisitha , Cheung Belamy B. , Haber Michelle , Norris Murray D. , Zhang Xu D. , Marshall Glenn M. , Wang Jenny Y. , Hüttelmaier Stefan , Fischer Matthias , Wong Jason W. H. , Xu Hongxi , Perini Giovanni , Dong Qihan , George Rani E. , Liu Tao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChromosome 17q21-ter is commonly gained in neuroblastoma, but it is unclear which gene in the region is important for tumorigenesis. TheJMJD6gene at 17q21-ter activates gene transcription. Here we show that JMJD6 forms protein complexes with N-Myc and BRD4, and is important for E2F2, N-Myc and c-Myc transcription. Knocking down JMJD6 reduces neuroblastoma cell proliferation and survival in vitro and tumor progression in mice, and high levels of JMJD6 expression in human neuroblastoma tissues independently predict poor patient prognosis. In addition,JMJD6gene is associated with transcriptional super-enhancers. Combination therapy with the CDK7/super-enhancer inhibitor THZ1 and the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat synergistically reduces JMJD6, E2F2, N-Myc, c-Myc expression, induces apoptosis in vitro and leads to neuroblastoma tumor regression in mice, which are significantly reversed by forced JMJD6 over-expression. Our findings therefore identify JMJD6 as a neuroblastoma tumorigenesis factor, and the combination therapy as a treatment strategy.
IFN-γ selectively suppresses a subset of TLR4-activated genes and enhancers to potentiate macrophage activation
Authors: Kang Kyuho , Bachu Mahesh , Park Sung Ho , Kang Keunsoo , Bae Seyeon , Park-Min Kyung-Hyun , Ivashkiv Lionel B. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractActivation of macrophage proinflammatory and antimicrobial phenotypes is regulated by IFN-γ and LPS via synergistic induction of canonical, inflammatory NF-κB target genes. However, whether IFN-γ negatively regulates components of the LPS response, and how this may affect macrophage activation, is still unclear. Here we use combined transcriptomic and epigenomic approaches to find that IFN-γ selectively abrogates LPS-induced feedback and alters macrophage metabolic pathways by suppressing TLR4-mediated gene activation. In contrast to superinduction of inflammatory genes via enhancers that bind IRF1 and STAT1, IFN-γ represses target enhancers that bind STAT3. TLR4-activated but IFN-γ-suppressed enhancers comprise two subsets discernable by differential regulation of histone acetylation and recruitment of STAT3, CDK8 and cohesin. Our findings thus show that IFN-γ suppresses feedback inhibitory and metabolic components of TLR responses to enhance macrophage activation; they also provide insights for IFN-γ-mediated selective inhibition of TLR4-induced transcription. Such inhibition can contribute to severe and sustained inflammatory responses.
KLF-1 orchestrates a xenobiotic detoxification program essential for longevity of mitochondrial mutants
Authors: Herholz Marija , Cepeda Estela , Baumann Linda , Kukat Alexandra , Hermeling Johannes , Maciej Sarah , Szczepanowska Karolina , Pavlenko Victor , Frommolt Peter , Trifunovic Aleksandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMost manipulations that extend lifespan also increase resistance to various stress factors and environmental cues in a range of animals from yeast to mammals. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms regulating stress resistance during aging are still largely unknown. Here we identify Krüppel-like factor 1 (KLF-1) as a mediator of a cytoprotective response that dictates longevity induced by reduced mitochondrial function. A redox-regulated KLF-1 activation and transfer to the nucleus coincides with the peak of somatic mitochondrial biogenesis that occurs around a transition from larval stage L3 to D1. We further show that KLF-1 activates genes involved in the xenobiotic detoxification programme and identified cytochrome P450 oxidases, the KLF-1 main effectors, as longevity-assurance factors of mitochondrial mutants. Collectively, these findings underline the importance of the xenobiotic detoxification in the mitohormetic, longevity assurance pathway and identify KLF-1 as a central factor in orchestrating this response.
3D-structured supports create complete data sets for electron crystallography
Authors: Wennmacher Julian T. C. , Zaubitzer Christian , Li Teng , Bahk Yeon Kyoung , Wang Jing , van Bokhoven Jeroen A. , Gruene Tim 
Published: July 2019

Abstract3D electron crystallography has recently attracted much attention due to its complementarity to X-ray crystallography in determining the structure of compounds from submicrometre sized crystals. A big obstacle lies in obtaining complete data, required for accurate structure determination. Many crystals have a preferred orientation on conventional, flat sample supports. This systematically shades some part of the sample and prevents the collection of complete data, even when several data sets are combined. We introduce two types of three-dimensional sample supports that enable the collection of complete data sets. In the first approach the carbon layer forms coils on the sample support. The second approach is based on chaotic nylon fibres. Both types of grids disrupt the preferred orientation as we demonstrate with a well suited crystal type of MFI-type zeolites. The easy-to-obtain three-dimensional sample supports have different features, ensuring a broad spectrum of applications for these 3D support grids.
Isostructural Mott transition in 2D honeycomb antiferromagnet V0.9PS3
Authors: Coak Matthew J. , Son Suhan , Daisenberger Dominik , Hamidov Hayrullo , Haines Charles R. S. , Alireza Patricia L. , Wildes Andrew R. , Liu Cheng , Saxena Siddharth S. , Park Je-Geun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe MPX3 family of magnetic van-der-Waals materials (M denotes a first row transition metal and X either S or Se) are currently the subject of broad and intense attention for low-dimensional magnetism and transport and also for novel device and technological applications, but the vanadium compounds have until this point not been studied beyond their basic properties. We present the observation of an isostructural Mott insulator–metal transition in van-der-Waals honeycomb antiferromagnet V0.9PS3 through high-pressure x-ray diffraction and transport measurements. We observe insulating variable-range-hopping type resistivity in V0.9PS3, with a gradual increase in effective dimensionality with increasing pressure, followed by a transition to a metallic resistivity temperature dependence between 112 and 124 kbar. The metallic state additionally shows a low-temperature upturn we tentatively attribute to the Kondo effect. A gradual structural distortion is seen between 26 and 80 kbar, but no structural change at higher pressures corresponding to the insulator–metal transition. We conclude that the insulator–metal transition occurs in the absence of any distortions to the lattice—an isostructural Mott transition in a new class of two-dimensional material, and in strong contrast to the behavior of the other MPX3 compounds.
Production of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Lipids from Autotrophic, Mixotrophic and Heterotrophic cultivation of Galdieria sp. strain USBA-GBX-832
Authors: López Gina , Yate Camilo , Ramos Freddy A. , Cala Mónica P. , Restrepo Silvia , Baena Sandra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA search for extremophile organisms producing bioactive compounds led us to isolate a microalga identified as Galdieria sp. USBA-GBX-832 from acidic thermal springs. We have cultured Galdieria sp. USBA-GBX-832 under autotrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions and determined variations of its production of biomass, lipids and PUFAs. Greatest biomass and PUFA production occurred under mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions, but the highest concentration of lipids occurred under autotrophic conditions. Effects of variations of carbon sources and temperature on biomass and lipid production were evaluated and factorial experiments were used to analyze the effects of substrate concentration, temperature, pH, and organic and inorganic nitrogen on biomass production, lipids and PUFAs. Production of biomass and lipids was significantly dependent on temperature and substrate concentration. Greatest accumulation of PUFAs occurred at the lowest temperature tested. PUFA profiles showed trace concentrations of arachidonic acid (C20:4) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5). This is the first time synthesis of these acids has been reported in Galdieria. These findings demonstrate that under heterotrophic conditions this microalga’s lipid profile is significantly different from those observed in other species of this genus which indicates that the culture conditions evaluated are key determinants of these organisms’ responses to stress conditions and accumulation of these metabolites.
Small Neotropical primates promote the natural regeneration of anthropogenically disturbed areas
Authors: Heymann Eckhard W. , Culot Laurence , Knogge Christoph , Smith Andrew C. , Tirado Herrera Emérita R. , Müller Britta , Stojan-Dolar Mojca , Lledo Ferrer Yvan , Kubisch Petra , Kupsch Denis , Slana Darja , Koopmann Mareike Lena , Ziegenhagen Birgit , Bialozyt Ronald , Mengel Christina , Hambuckers Julien , Heer Katrin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIncreasingly large proportions of tropical forests are anthropogenically disturbed. Where natural regeneration is possible at all, it requires the input of plant seeds through seed dispersal from the forest matrix. Zoochorous seed dispersal – the major seed dispersal mode for woody plants in tropical forests – is particularly important for natural regeneration. In this study, covering a period of more than 20 years, we show that small New World primates, the tamarins Saguinus mystax and Leontocebus nigrifrons, increase their use of an anthropogenically disturbed area over time and disperse seeds from primary forest tree species into this area. Through monitoring the fate of seeds and through parentage analyses of seedlings of the legume Parkia panurensis from the disturbed area and candidate parents from the primary forest matrix, we show that tamarin seed dispersal is effective and contributes to the natural regeneration of the disturbed area.
AAV GCG-EGFP, a new tool to identify glucagon-secreting α-cells
Authors: Tudurí Eva , Glavas Maria M. , Asadi Ali , Baker Robert K. , Ellis Cara E. , Soukhatcheva Galina , Philit Marjolaine , Huynh Frank K. , Johnson James D. , Bruce Verchere C. , Kieffer Timothy J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study of primary glucagon-secreting α-cells is hampered by their low abundance and scattered distribution in rodent pancreatic islets. We have designed a double-stranded adeno-associated virus containing a rat proglucagon promoter (700 bp) driving enhanced green fluorescent protein (AAV GCG-EGFP), to specifically identify α-cells. The administration of AAV GCG-EGFP by intraperitoneal or intraductal injection led to EGFP expression selectively in the α-cell population. AAV GCG-EGFP delivery to mice followed by islet isolation, dispersion and separation by FACS for EGFP resulted in an 86% pure population of α-cells. Furthermore, the administration of AAV GCG-EGFP at various doses to adult wild type mice did not significantly alter body weight, blood glucose, plasma insulin or glucagon levels, glucose tolerance or arginine tolerance. In vitro experiments in transgene positive α-cells demonstrated that EGFP expression did not alter the intracellular Ca2+ pattern in response to glucose or adrenaline. This approach may be useful for studying purified primary α-cells and for the in vivo delivery of other genes selectively to α-cells to further probe their function or to manipulate them for therapeutic purposes.
Disruption of NOTCH signaling by a small molecule inhibitor of the transcription factor RBPJ
Authors: Hurtado Cecilia , Safarova Alena , Smith Michael , Chung Raeeun , Bruyneel Arne A. N. , Gomez-Galeno Jorge , Oswald Franz , Larson Christopher J. , Cashman John R. , Ruiz-Lozano Pilar , Janiak Philip , Suzuki Teri , Mercola Mark 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNOTCH plays a pivotal role during normal development and in congenital disorders and cancer. γ-secretase inhibitors are commonly used to probe NOTCH function, but also block processing of numerous other proteins. We discovered a new class of small molecule inhibitor that disrupts the interaction between NOTCH and RBPJ, which is the main transcriptional effector of NOTCH signaling. RBPJ Inhibitor-1 (RIN1) also blocked the functional interaction of RBPJ with SHARP, a scaffold protein that forms a transcriptional repressor complex with RBPJ in the absence of NOTCH signaling. RIN1 induced changes in gene expression that resembled siRNA silencing of RBPJ rather than inhibition at the level of NOTCH itself. Consistent with disruption of NOTCH signaling, RIN1 inhibited the proliferation of hematologic cancer cell lines and promoted skeletal muscle differentiation from C2C12 myoblasts. Thus, RIN1 inhibits RBPJ in its repressing and activating contexts, and can be exploited for chemical biology and therapeutic applications.
Birth weight prediction models for the different gestational age stages in a Chinese population
Authors: Li Chunhui , Peng Yang , Zhang Bin , Ji Weiying , Li Li , Gong Jianhua , Xia Wei , Li Yuanyuan , Jin Shuna , Song Ranran , Wang Youjie , Xu Shunqing 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe study aims to develop new birth weight prediction models for different gestational age stages using 2-dimensional (2D) ultrasound measurements in a Chinese population. 2D ultrasound was examined in pregnant women with normal singleton within 3 days prior to delivery (28–42 weeks’ gestation). A total of 19,310 fetuses were included in the study and randomly split into the training group and the validation group. Gestational age was divided into five stages: 28–30, 31–33, 34–36, 37–39 and 40–42 weeks. Multiple linear regression (MLR), fractional polynomial regression (FPR) and volume-based model (VM) were used to develop birth weight prediction model. New staged prediction models (VM for 28–36 weeks, MLR for 37–39 weeks, and FPR for 40–42 weeks) provided lower systematic errors and random errors than previously published models for each gestational age stage in the training group. The similar results were observed in the validation group. Compared to the previously published models, new staged models had the lowest aggregate systematic error (0.31%) and at least a 19.35% decrease; at least a 4.67% decrease for the root-mean-square error (RMSE). The prediction rates within 5% and 10% of birth weight for new staged models were higher than those for previously published models, which were 54.47% and 85.10%, respectively. New staged birth weight prediction models could improve the accuracy of birth weight estimation for different gestational age stages in a Chinese population.
Emission-wavelength-dependent photoluminescence decay lifetime of N-functionalized graphene quantum dot downconverters: Impact on conversion efficiency of Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cells
Authors: Khan Firoz , Kim Jae Hyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGraphene quantum dots (GQDs) have several advantages over inorganic quantum dots owing to their beneficial properties. Recently, GQDs have been used as downconverters in photovoltaic devices. However, the application of GQDs in most emergent thin-film-based Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) photovoltaic cells is limited because of either low photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY) or a small Stokes shift (Δλ). Therefore, GQDs with an ultrahigh QY and large Δλ are essential to realizing the two emergent fields, i.e., the application of GQDs in CIGS photovoltaic solar cells. In this regard, we synthesized nitrogen-functionalized GQDs (NGQDs) with an ultrahigh QY (77–99%) and a large Δλ (95–155 nm) via tailoring of the nitrogen and oxygen moieties. The NGQDs were applied in CIGS solar cells to evaluate their downconversion efficiency. Our study shows that the emission wavelength (λem)-dependent photoluminescence decay lifetime (τem) determines the down-conversion efficiency of the nitrogen-functionalized graphene quantum dots. With the increase in τem at λem > 500 nm, the conversion efficiencies of the NGQDs coated-CIGS solar cells increased by 12.22%. Thus, the increase in τem at λem > 500 nm significantly increased the maximum current output and thus enhanced the solar-cell performance.