bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmablastic lymphoma of the sphenoid bone in an immunocompetent patient: A diagnostic challenge
Authors: Singh Anurag , Agrawal Vinita , Singh Alka 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
Plasmablastic lymphoma is a rare type of highly aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma that usually occurs in immunocompromised patients and involves chiefly extra-nodal sites such as the oral cavity, jaw, gastrointestinal tract, soft tissue, bone, and skin. People above the age of 50 years are more commonly affected, with male predominance having a survival rate of 8 to 15 months. Here, we describe the case of a 48-year-old man who had an isolated plasmablastic lymphoma of the right sphenoid bone without any immunodeficiency. Plasmablastic lymphoma in immunocompetent patients at rare sites is a diagnostic challenge for both clinicians and pathologists because of vague clinical and histomorphology findings. This rare case report reemphasizes the utility of complete assimilation of clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical findings in such rare cases.
Milestones in Medical Research from the Past to Cutting-edge
Authors: Dev Somnath , Agrawal Anup 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Coal and steel powered industrial revolution. The Industrial Revolution created tools and an enabling body of knowledge, which in turn facilitated research in tackling diseases by way of understanding the underlying causes. Empirical research, which also led to the birth of statistical rigor supported by research in human physiology and its building blocks created novel treatment methods. Wars accelerated their search incurring diseases and injuries-most notable being World War II. The explosion and democratization of computational power with communications has emboldened humanity to target deep into hitherto unthinkable challenges like longevity, manufacturing of organs, and designer medicines. Tools of artificial intelligence have started to crash time to discover molecules for the next major drug and have enabled higher accuracy of diagnosis. This study seeks to explore how these cutting-edge challenges have been met after the Industrial Revolution. The convergence of different streams of knowledge continues as industrial techniques like three-dimensional printing are being explored for customized prosthetics and also to produce organs on demand. Advanced mathematics and big data analytics are permitting the creation of complete genetic mapping at a fraction of the cost in a fraction of time than what was possible barely two decades ago. This has revolutionized the creation of vaccines and identifying strains of fast-mutating viruses—the current top global public health challenge. This study seeks to capture the excitement of discovery and explore the bleeding edge of medical research, which will occupy researchers for the next few decades while bringing forth the premise that medical research is not just confined to a few streams of knowledge and has not plateaued yet.
Failed Nonunited Subtrochanteric Femur Fracture Managed with Uncemented Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Ishank , Agarwal Anant , Somasekarappa Thimarappa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Subtrochanteric fracture is a fracture between the lesser trochanter and 5 cm distal to the lesser trochanter. It accounts approximately for 10%–30% of all hip fractures and affects persons more than 60 years of age. Bimodal distributions have greater incidences in 20–40 years of age and persons more than 60 years of age. Deforming forces on the proximal fragment are abduction by the gluteus medius and minimus, flexion by iliopsoas, and external rotation by short external rotators, whereas deforming forces on the distal fragment are adduction and varus by adductors. Failure of subtrochanteric fracture treatment is frequently associated with unstable fracture patterns, poor bone quality, or suboptimal position of fixation devices. Such complications following treatment failure may result in nonunion, leading to pain or malunion, severe bone defects, infection, articular cartilage damage, and even post-traumatic arthritis hip, which poses a significant challenge in subsequent surgeries. Therefore, in this particular case, we were left with only two options (1) re-osteosynthesis using limb reconstruction surgeries (LRS) and (2) prosthetic replacement. We opted for uncemented long stem total hip replacement to get diaphyseal hold as it has many advantages over LRS such as high success rate, better quality of life, improved early mobility, and life-long lasting results. LRS was not opted as a choice of surgery as it has some disadvantages like pin-tract infection, more maintenance and compliance needed, the frame being bulky and cumbersome, and the risk of fracture at the pinhole site. Moreover, in this particular case, bone grafts from all accessible sites were used in previous surgeries. Uncemented long stem total hip replacement can serve as an efficient salvage procedure in such cases. Postoperatively on follow-up at 2 months, the patient was able to fully bear weight without support. Range of motion at right hip joint: the patient was able to do flexion 100°, abduction 50°, and adduction 30°. We were able to correct limb length discrepancy by 5 cm (preoperative discrepancy was 7 cm). Our achievement shows that uncemented long stem total hip replacement is a beneficial and effective procedure for salvaging the failed treatment of subtrochanteric fractures. Such procedures have shown satisfactory functional outcomes, stable fixation, and survival rates for these complex situations.
Beyond Braces and Crutches: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation as a Game-Changer in ACL Rehabilitation
Authors: Kapoor Rajat , Sharma Brijesh , Dinkar Karuna Shankar , Sharma Yashvardhan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Quadriceps weakness is a common challenge following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, impacting functional recovery and potentially leading to long-term complications. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) has shown promise in addressing quadriceps weakness, but its optimal application and long-term effects remain unclear.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective randomized study compared the effectiveness of including NMES in a standard rehabilitation protocol (SRP) in patients following ACL reconstruction. Forty participants were randomly assigned to either the NMES + SRP group or the SRP group. Outcome measures included quadriceps strength, functional performance (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC] and Lysholm scores), and thigh circumference, assessed at baseline and at 6, 12, and 24 weeks post-surgery.

Results:
The NMES + SRP group demonstrated significantly more improvements in quadriceps strength, IKDC and Lysholm scores, and thigh circumference at 6 and 12 weeks post-surgery than the SRP group. However, these differences were not observed at 24 weeks.

Conclusion:
NMES is an effective adjunct to standard rehabilitation in enhancing quadriceps strength, function, and muscle mass in the early stages of ACL recovery. Its benefits may diminish over time, suggesting the need for further research on optimal NMES protocols and long-term effects.
Perception and attitude of the general population toward Alzheimer’s disease in eastern region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alradi Hassan , Alturaiki Hassan Mohammed , Alali Mohammed Ameen , Almuslim Nora 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To measure the awareness of AD among the general population of Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia from October to November 2023. The data was collected using an online questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 614 eligible participants completed the study questionnaire. Among those surveyed, 99.3% had heard about Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while 96.1% associated it with memory loss. Additionally, 91.5% recognized that individuals with AD face risks when driving, 91.5% believed they could not independently handle their financial matters, 85.7% thought they could not make health-related decisions on their own, and 85.5% believed they could still participate in sports.

Conclusion:
The research results challenge our initial hypothesis by revealing significant AD awareness in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, largely attributed to internet-based health information. Despite this, there is a need to improve public attitudes toward Alzheimer’s patients, highlighting the importance of enhanced education and better communication between healthcare professionals and the public.
Influence of perceived impostorism on self-esteem and anxiety among University Nursing Students: Recommendations to implement mentorship program
Authors: Bhardwaj Devendra , Kumar Rajesh , Bahurupi Yogesh 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The imposter phenomenon (IP) involves feelings of intellectual fraudulence and phoniness in challenging new roles. IP feelings are associated with low self-esteem and anxiety in nursing students, especially during transition or early stages of nursing training. This research aims to find out the prevalence of IP and its relation with self-esteem and anxiety among nursing undergraduates.

Material and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey randomly selected nursing students from the six established nursing institutions in Uttarakhand state. Three hundred eight (n = 308) participants completed the survey questionnaires, which included a structured socio-demographic sheet, the Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS), the Generalized Anxiety Scale-7 (GAS-7), and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES). Appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics were used to generate the results.

Results:
The mean age of the students was 20.93 (SD = 1.09) years. The mean CIPS score was 58.57 (SD = 10.69). Frequent to intense feelings of impostorism were reported by 43.4%, and 51.3% reported at least moderate IP feelings. Further, second-year students than third year, on average, significantly reported higher scores on imposter phenomenon (P < 0.001), anxiety (P = 0.006), and lower scores on self-esteem (P = 0.018). As predicted, CIPS scores correlated positively with GAS-7 (r = -.340, P < 0.01) and negatively with RSES (r = -.307, P < 0.01). A multiple regression model predicting the imposter phenomenon with self-esteem demonstrated a negative main effect of self-esteem (P < 0.001) and significant two-way interaction.

Conclusions:
A higher proportion of the students reported feelings of imposter phenomenon. Low self-esteem was reported as a strong predictor of IP. Institutional strategies such as mentorship, supervised education, and early screening of psychological issues could be preventive and promotive strategies. Future research is recommended to identify the cause of poor IP in students.
Histopathological spectrum of ovarian tumors in Jharkhand, India: A retrospective study
Authors: Paswan Manoj K. , Tudu Helen M. M. , Gupta Smita Kumari , Banerjee Saurav , Tirkey Deepali 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Ovarian tumors are the most prevalent neoplasms worldwide, affecting women of all ages. According to Globocan’s 2022 projections, by 2050, the number of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer worldwide will increase by over 55% to 503,448. The number of women dying from ovarian cancer is projected to increase to 350,956 each year, an increase of almost 70% from 2022.

Aims and Objectives:
The aim of this study was to analyze the various histopathological spectra of ovarian tumors according to the latest 2020 WHO classification and to assess the age distribution, frequency of incidence, and laterality of different subtypes of ovarian tumors.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective study included 190 cases of histopathologically proven ovarian tumors reported by the pathology department from March 2020 to March 2024 at the Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India.

Results:
A total of 190 cases were studied, 154 (81.1%) were benign, 8 (4.2%) were borderline, and 28 (14.7%) cases were malignant. Surface epithelial tumors (SETs) were the most common (n = 139, 73.2%), followed by germ cell tumors (GCTs) (n = 38, 20%). Serous cystadenomas (n = 63, 33%) were the most common benign tumors, whereas the most common malignant tumors were serous carcinomas ( n=11, 5.7% ). Most ovarian tumors (n = 45, 23.68%) occurred in the 31–40-year-old age group.

Conclusion:
The present study showed various histopathological patterns of ovarian tumors. This study indicated a slight increase in the prevalence of malignant ovarian tumors in the middle-aged group and and a relative increase in the percentage of SETs over GCTs in recent years in our tertiary care center in Jharkhand, India. With limited resources in our institute, histopathological examination remains the mainstay for the early diagnosis of these tumors and their timlely and appropriate management.

Categories: Pathology.
Does remote COVID infection in pregnancy affect the placenta and pregnancy outcomes? – Results from a prospective cohort study (PLACENTA IN COVID/ PIC study)
Authors: Varunashree N D , Daniel Sherin , Rathore Swati , Moorthy Mahesh , Yadav Bijesh , Beck Manisha M. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To study the rates of abnormal placentae and associated adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women who had COVID 19 infection during pregnancy, remote from delivery. To study the histopathological findings associated with these abnormal placentae.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was carried out, recruiting pregnant women with singleton gestation, who had COVID 19 infection during their pregnancy, remote from delivery between August 2021 to July 2022. Ethics approval was obtained by the Institutional Review Board. Abnormal placentae were identified as those with weight <10th centile and associated histopathological findings were noted . Rates of SGA (small for gestational age) babies and stillbirths were recorded. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v 25.

Results:
Most of the 67 women in our cohort, had mild forms of COVID 19. Half had had infection in their second trimester. Among those infected in the third trimester, 93% were symptomatic. Gestational Diabetes was the most common associated medical condition. . Abnormal placentae were seen in 40%(n=27) of women. Half of these (15) were associated with SGA babies . Distribution of medical co morbidities was comparable among those with abnormal and healthy placentae. Most, 84%, SGA babies were born to mothers who had COVID <28 weeks GA.

Conclusion:
There is a small but significant risk of SGA babies being born to women who had COVID at<28 weeks, irrespective of medical comorbidities. Close monitoring of these pregnancies is, hence warranted.
Prevalence and control of hypertension in COVID-19 positive cases
Authors: Elamin Mohamed O. , Khalid Sufian , Ali Amjed A. , Elamin Sara O. , Khan Wahaj A. , Badri Hatim M. , Natto Hatim A. , Almehmadi Abdulrahman A. , Alhazmi Abdullah , Alkathiri Ahmed , Alharbi Mohamed 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 virus. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 experience several complications including hypertension or elevated blood pressure which is a serious medical condition that significantly increases the risks of heart, brain, and kidney diseases.

Objectives:
To assess the prevalence and control of hypertension in COVID-19 patients.

Methods:
Cross-sectional descriptive hospital-based study conducted in an isolation center at Atbara Teaching Hospital in 2021. The data were collected by interviewing patients through a close-ended questionnaire and analyzed using a statistical computerized program (SPSS version 21).

Results:
The main results of the study revealed that the prevalence of blood pressure amongst patients diagnosed with COVID-19 was mild 45%, moderate 17.7%, and severe 10%; of the cases, 25.7% were newly discovered hypertension cases, of the cases 26.7% were diabetic patients; and 70.7% of the study group full recovered form COVID-19 at discharge.

Conclusion:
The study concluded that most of the study group had hypertension with COVID-19, some of them were newly discovered cases of hypertension and also had diabetes mellitus which indicates that COVID-19 may cause the onset of hypertension.
Temporal pattern and effect of COVID-19 on the trend of TB, DRTB, paediatrics TB and TB with HIV Coinfection: A decadal trend analysis
Authors: Bairwa Pushpendra , Verma Mahesh C. , Kumari Asha , Gupta Ajay , Singh Yamini 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
India shares 2/3 of global TB burden. MDR and HIV coinfections are the main obstacle in achieving the successful TB control because it decrease the therapy effect.

Objective:
To analyze the long-term trends of incidence of tuberculosis cases and identify any differences between actual and projected cases after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methodology:
A retrolective study was conducted in SMS medical college, Jaipur, and data were extracted from state TB cell and annual report published by central TB division. A multiplicative model was used for conducting time series analysis. The projected yearly number of cases were estimated using the line of best fit based on the least square method.

Result:
An increasing trend in the incidence of TB was observed, rising from 1,517,363 in 2008 to 2,404,815 in 2019. Similarly, DRTB also showed an increasing trend from 10,267 (0.67% of total new cases) in 2011 to 66,255 (2.75%) in 2019. The new cases of DRTB in 2020 were significantly lower than the projected number. The trend of HIV coinfection in TB cases fluctuated over the past decade.

Conclusion:
The findings reveal a concerning upward trajectory in TB incidence and DRTB cases over the decade. The fluctuating trend in HIV coinfection in TB cases emphasizes the complexity of addressing these interconnected health challenges.
The impact of COVID-19-induced distance learning on physical activity and dietary habits of female students in the Qassim Region
Authors: Almujaydil Mona S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected the physical activity (PA) levels and dietary habits of individuals, particularly children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia, owing to widespread closures and social distancing measures, including school closures.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the impact of distance learning (DL) on PA and dietary habits among public middle school girls during the pandemic. The Arab Teens Lifestyle Questionnaire (ATLS) was used to assess habitual PA, sedentary behavior, and dietary habits.

Results:
A total of 300 middle school female students, with an average age of 14 years, participated in the study. The results indicated a generally low level of PA among students during DL and after school reopening, with a significant decrease in specific types of PA, such as walking and stair climbing during DL. However, after schools reopened, there was a significant increase in students’ participation in activities such as swimming, dancing, and housework (P < 0.05). Moreover, sleep hours and TV-watching time increased compared to the DL period. Despite the prevalence of students frequently consuming soft drinks, sugary treats, fried and fast foods, as well as sweets and chocolates during the lockdown, middle school girls also consumed a lot of fruits and vegetables.

Conclusion:
Assessing students’ habitual PA and dietary habits during the lockdown may provide insights into their future health and well-being post-pandemic. This assessment can help in identifying strategies to redirect current PA levels to maintain health and prevent potential long-term health implications.
An analysis on role of iron deficiency in febrile seizure among children in 6 months to 5 years: A case-control study
Authors: Sankar Haridev , Shriram Vanishree , Elayaraja Sivaprakasam 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background for the Study:
This study looks into the relationship between febrile seizures in children between the ages of 6 months to 5 years who suffer from iron insufficiency. Febrile seizures, which are common in early life, are associated with abrupt temperature increases, and iron deficiency impacts neurological development in young infants. Understanding this relationship would lead to interventions that mitigate febrile seizure impact.

Aim:
To investigate the link between iron deficiency and febrile seizures in children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years.

Method:
A ”retrospective case-control study” of 300 cases and 300 controls, including demographic, seizure, and laboratory data, was conducted. Descriptive statistics were computed using “Chi-square tests for proportions” and “t-tests for means” with P ≤ 0.05 as the level of significance.

Result:
Significant findings emerged, including a notably younger mean age among cases (1.75 years) compared to controls (2.93 years). Cases showed higher rates of upper respiratory tract infections (3.7% vs. 0.3% in controls) and lower occurrences of viral febrile illnesses. Notably, cases had a lower prevalence of non-vegetarian diets and a higher incidence of family histories related to seizures. “Iron deficiency anemia” was more common in these instances, evident in blood parameters, alongside increased WBC counts. Recurrent seizures correlated with a lower mean RBC count (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The study confirms the link between “iron deficiency anemia” and “febrile seizures” among young children. Addressing iron deficiency emerges as a critical modifiable factor in potentially reducing the occurrence and impact of severe seizures, emphasizing the necessity of proactive efforts in pediatric treatment programs.