bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological characterization of the progenies of pure and reciprocal crosses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Authors: Okomoda Tosin Victor , Koh Ivan Chu Chong , Hassan Anuar , Amornsakun Thumronk , Shahreza Sherif Md 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTwenty-five traditional and thirty-four geometric morphometric comparisons were carried out on pure and reciprocal crosses of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Thirty fish samples each of the C. gariepinus (CH), P. hypophthalmus (PH), Pangapinus (♀PH × ♂CG) and the two distinct morphotypes of the Clariothalmus (♀CG × ♂PH) (Clarias-like and Panga-like) between the ages of four and six months were used for this study. Phenotypically, the Clarias-like Clariothalmus and the Pangapinus progenies were indistinguishable from their maternal parents while the Panga-like Clariothalmus was a phenotypic intermediary of the putative parents but looks more closely to the paternal parent. Hence, both univariate proportion and multivariate analysis of the collected data successfully separated the different fishes into three multivariate spaces. The analysis of the dendrogram with complete linkage and Euclidean distance further showed the close relationship of the isolated Panga-like Clariothalmus progenies to the paternal parent, however, Clarias-like Clariothalmus and the Pangapinus were completely intermingled with their maternal parents. The most important index of discrimination of these fishes into different multivariate spaces was the fin characteristic which showed 100% exclusive ranges for the individual groups in many cases.
Experimental demonstration of conformal phased array antenna via transformation optics
Authors: Lei Juan , Yang Juxing , Chen Xi , Zhang Zhiya , Fu Guang , Hao Yang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTransformation Optics has been proven a versatile technique for designing novel electromagnetic devices and it has much wider applicability in many subject areas related to general wave equations. Among them, quasi-conformal transformation optics (QCTO) can be applied to minimize anisotropy of transformed media and has opened up the possibility to the design of broadband antennas with arbitrary geometries. In this work, a wide-angle scanning conformal phased array based on all-dielectric QCTO lens is designed and experimentally demonstrated. Excited by the same current distribution as such in a conventional planar array, the conformal system in presence of QCTO lens can preserve the same radiation characteristics of a planar array with wide-angle beam-scanning and low side lobe level (SLL). Laplace’s equation subject to Dirichlet-Neumann boundary conditions is adopted to construct the mapping between the virtual and physical spaces. The isotropic lens with graded refractive index is realized by all-dielectric holey structure after an effective parameter approximation. The measurements of the fabricated system agree well with the simulated results, which demonstrate its excellent wide-angle beam scanning performance. Such demonstration paves the way to a robust but efficient array synthesis, as well as multi-beam and beam forming realization of conformal arrays via transformation optics.
Dynamic ionic crosslinks enable high strength and ultrastretchability in a single elastomer
Authors: Miwa Yohei , Kurachi Junosuke , Kohbara Yu , Kutsumizu Shoichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMaintenance-free self-healing elastomers that switch their mechanical properties on demand would be extremely useful materials for improving the functionalities, safety, energy efficiency, and lifetimes of many kinds of products and devices. However, strength and stretchability are conflicting properties for elastomers because the inherent crosslinking density of a polymeric network is unchangeable. For example, heavily crosslinked elastomers are strong, but poorly stretchable. Here we report an ionically crosslinked polyisoprene elastomer in which the ionic moieties are continually hopping between ionic aggregates at room temperature. Thus, the network is dynamic. This elastomer spontaneously self-heals without the input of external energy or healing agents. Furthermore, it behaves like a strong elastic material under rapid deformation, but acts like a highly stretchable and viscoelastic material under slow deformation. Our ionic elastomer shows a variety of notable mechanical properties, including high fracture strength (≈7 MPa), good toughness (≈70 MJ m−3), and ultrastretchability (>13,400%).
Magnetic fluctuations in single-layer FeSe
Authors: Shishidou T. , Agterberg D. F. , Weinert M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe electronic structure of single-layer FeSe films on SrTiO3 presents a quandary: experimentally there is no long-range magnetic order, but the observed bands are reasonably well described by density functional calculations assuming the checkerboard antiferromagnetic (CB-AFM) ordering despite this configuration not being the calculated ground state. Here we investigate the paramagnetic nature of this system via first-principles spin-spiral calculations. Fits of the spin-spiral dispersion to spin models place this S = 1 spin system in a region of parameter space where CB-AFM quantum fluctuations lead to a magnetically disordered paramagnetic state. Modeling the paramagnetic state as an incoherent superposition of spin-spiral states arising from thermal and/or quantum fluctuations, the resulting electronic bands around the Fermi level are found to closely resemble those of the ordered CB-AFM configuration, thus providing a consistent explanation of the angle-resolved photoemission observations. These results suggest that CB-AFM fluctuations play a more important role than previously thought.
Fibrolamellar Carcinoma: Recent Advances and Unresolved Questions on the Molecular Mechanisms
Authors: Lalazar Gadi , Simon Sanford 
Published: February 2018

AbstractFibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare form of primary liver cancer that affects adolescents and young adults without underlying liver disease. Surgery remains the mainstay of therapy; however, most patients are either not surgical candidates or suffer from recurrence. There is no approved systemic therapy and the overall survival remains poor. Historically classified as a subtype of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), FLC has a unique clinical, histological, and molecular presentation. At the genomic level, FLC contains a single 400kB deletion in chromosome 19, leading to a functional DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion protein. In this review, we detail the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of FLC and outline the current knowledge gaps.
Genetic and Epigenetic Heterogeneity in Normal Liver Homeostasis and Its Implications for Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Cancer
Authors: Hlady Ryan , Robertson Keith 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary tumor of the liver, and is steadily becoming one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. Liver resection, which is the recommended procedure for early localized HCC, results in frequent recurrence (50–70%), while the standard of care for late-stage HCC, multikinase inhibitors, only improves survival by a few months. The lack of success for these treatment modalities is attributable, at least in part, to marked phenotypic heterogeneity within the tumor. Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) has emerged as a defining characteristic of human tumors, with individual cancer cells displaying distinct differences in properties including growth rate, metastatic capacity, and response to treatment. This heterogeneity, which is unlikely to be captured from a biopsy, impacts outcome because a single treatment targeting one cancer-specific pathway would spare tumor cells having distinct characteristics. Development of effective biomarkers remains a major challenge for similar reasons. Understanding, interpreting, and circumventing the impact of ITH is therefore paramount for developing reliable biomarkers and designing effective individualized treatment strategies for HCC.
Hepatic Damage by Natural Remedies
Authors: Medina-Caliz Inmaculada , Gonzalez-Jimenez Andres , Garcia-Cortes Miren , Lucena M. Isabel , Andrade Raul 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe rising burden of herbal and dietary supplement hepatotoxicity (HILI) is a growing concern in Western countries. The estimated incidence of HILI in well-designed prospective studies ranges from less than 1 to 3 individuals per 100,000 inhabitants/year. Herbal hepatotoxicity has a particular signature encompassing female predominance, hepatocellular type of damage with markedly elevated transaminases on presentation, more common unintentional rechallenge, and a greater risk of death/liver transplantation. Herbal hepatotoxicity recognition is particularly challenging for hepatologists because of the often hidden herbal consumption, difficulties in identifying the causative herbal component, and the possibility of contamination, adulteration, and misidentification, which preclude a proper adjudication and lead to inaccurate reporting of cases in scientific journals. Collaborative efforts to retrieve detailed phenotypic data and biological samples of patients with HILI would facilitate genomic and other molecular approaches for a better understanding of host risk factors and, hopefully, for biomarker identification.
The Receptor Interacting Protein Kinases in the Liver
Authors: Dara Lily 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase1 and 3 (RIPK1, RIPK3) are regulators of cell death and survival. RIPK1 kinase activity is required for necroptosis and apoptosis, while its scaffolding function is necessary for survival. Although both proteins can mediate apoptosis, RIPK1 and RIPK3 are most well-known for their role in the execution of necroptosis via the mixed lineage domain like pseudokinase. Necroptosis is a caspase-independent regulated cell death program which was first described in cultured cells with unknown physiologic relevance in the liver. Many recent reports have suggested that RIPK1 and/or RIPK3 participate in liver disease pathogenesis and cell death. Notably, both proteins have been shown to mediate inflammation independent of cell death. Whether necroptosis occurs in hepatocytes, and how it is executed in the presence of an intact caspase machinery is controversial. In spite of this controversy, it is evident that RIPK1 and RIPK3 participate in many experimental liver disease models. Therefore, in addition to cell death signaling, their necroptosis-independent role warrants further examination.
Three-Dimensional Printed Facial Models in Rhinoplasty
Authors: Klosterman Tristan , Romo III Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDigital patient photography and morphing software have become an important part of rhinoplasty over the past few decades. Presented is a novel technology incorporating 3D photography and printing to produce life-size models for use in patient evaluation and treatment. Surveys were conducted to assess patient response and were universally positive. Early surgeon experience also indicates benefit for intraoperative use. Three-dimensional printing and modeling is a new technology that has exciting applications for rhinoplasty and facial plastic surgery.
Combined Open and Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Resection of a Rare Endometrial Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Stamates Melissa , Lee John , Merrell Ryan , Shinners Michael , Wong Ricky 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the absence of significant extracranial disease, patients with solitary brain metastases have shown benefit with resection. Brain lesions due to endometrial cancer are uncommon, and the only described skull base involvement is limited to the pituitary gland. We report the case of a 60-year-old female with endometrial cancer who presented with weeks of right cheek pain and numbness that was accompanied by headaches. We describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and surgical resection of a solitary endometrial metastasis involving the infratemporal fossa, middle fossa, cavernous sinus, trigeminal nerve, and nasal sinuses. Due to extensive nasal and lateral involvement, a combined open and endoscopic approach was planned. The patient was discharged home without complication. She underwent adjuvant radiotherapy. Despite its suspected indolent course, intracranial endometrial adenocarcinoma metastases are gaining higher prevalence. This case report documents the first direct neural spread of an endometrial primary, and highlights the potential for extra-axial sites of metastasis.
Mammakarzinom: Diagnostik und Therapie – das Wichtigste für den Internisten
Authors: Hamann Ulrich , Ankel Christine 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Learning Objectives After reviewing this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Understand the epidemiology of breast cancer, its incidence and impact. 2. Appreciate the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. 3. Understand the concept of comprehensive breast cancer management and its multidisciplinarity. 4. Be knowledgeable about the entire process required to manage breast cancer, since the early diagnosis until the management of non breast related conditions derived from the treatment. 5. Position their specialty and knowledge in the process and know clearly their role and involvement in the management of the patients with breast cancer.
Summary Breast carcinoma accounts for the majority of the malignant diseases in women. In Germany has an estimated incidence of 70 000 new cases per year, which is 30 % of all the malignancies in women, predominantly between 45 and 83 years old, although it can affect as well younger women and men, the latter, in a very low rate. It is accountable for 17.4 % mortality in the country.The high frequency and impact of the mammary carcinoma had lead to the establishment and standardization of screening programs, encompassing self examination, early and regular consultation, sonography and mammography, aimed to the early detection not only of primary disease but also in recurrent or relapsing disease, and continued following up after treatment. Several treatment strategies and tools have been developed and are being chosen in accordance to the histology and biology of the tumor, the patient condition, the social and familiar status, with the increase of conservation of the mammary gland either by adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapies, with radiotherapy or by breast conserving surgery, improving therefore the quality of living without compromising the disease free survival. Next step in the process is the follow up, intended to maintain the patients the healthiest possible, not only from the malignancy but also minimizing the effects of the treatment strategies, incorporating lifestyle improving measures e.g. sports and nutrition, and alternative medicine resources like acupuncture, hence improving the disease free survival rate, the overall survival and diminishing the disease related impact yet personal, familiar, social and economical.The aim of this CME is to give a thorough review of this multifactorial entity, helping the healthcare professional understand the scientific aspects of it and, through comprehensive reading, provide a clear understanding of their role and degree of involvement in the breast cancer management process.
Vegetarische Kostformen in der Kinderernährung?
Authors: Kersting Mathilde , Kalhoff Hermann , Melter Michael , Lücke Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn Germany, the “Dietary Schedule for the 1st year of life” and the “Optimised Mixed Diet” for children and adolescents serve as scientifically based and generally applicable dietary concepts throughout the period of growth and development. Vegetarian diets as the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (exclusion of meat, fish) and the vegan diet (exclusion of all food groups of animal origin) need to be evaluated for their potential to safely meet the high and specific requirements for growth and development. In this regard, high-quality studies are needed. In individuals on lacto-ovo-vegetarian diets, the safe supply with critical nutrients should be checked by thorough dietary history, possibly additional laboratory tests in risk situations like pregnancy, infancy and toddlerhood. Children on pure vegan diet need ongoing elaborate dietary strategies and continuous supplementation at any age, similar to nutritional management in children with metabolic disorders. A vegan diet is disadvised during all periods with intense growth and development.
Die Naht der frischen vorderen Kreuzbandruptur mit dynamischer intraligamentärer Stabilisierung – eine Alternative zur vorderen Kreuzbandersatzplastik bei sportlich aktiven jungen Patienten
Authors: Ihle Christoph , Nakayama H. , Gonser Christoph , Stöckle Ulrich , Döbele Stefan , Schröter Steffen , Ahrend Marc-Daniel , Ateschrang Atesch 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Zielsetzung Der Ersatz des vorderen Kreuzbands (VKB) mit autologem Sehnentransplantat ist derzeit der Goldstandard zur Behandlung der VKB-Ruptur. Gute Ergebnisse wurden berichtet, wobei Langzeitresultate erhöhte Arthroseraten zeigten. Als Ursachen werden verbleibende Instabilitäten und der Propriozeptionsverlust trotz und durch den VKB-Ersatz diskutiert. Eine neue Alternative zur Behandlung frischer VKB-Rupturen stellt die VKB-Naht mit temporärer dynamischer intraligamentärer Stabilisierung (DIS) dar, wobei das readaptierte und heilende VKB durch die DIS über einen Zeitraum von ca. 3 – 5 Monaten biomechanisch geschützt wird. Nach längstens 6 Monaten hat die DIS keine Funktion mehr und das verheilte VKB übernimmt die gesamte Stabilisierung. Dieser Videobeitrag soll das operative Verfahren zum Erhalt des VKB demonstrieren.
Indikation Die Indikation zum VKB-Erhalt beinhaltet frische (< 21 Tage) VKB-Rupturen des femurnahen Drittels mit einer sagittalen Translation von > 5 mm im Seitenvergleich bzw. einem positiven Pivot-Shift-Test. Der VKB-Erhalt kann jungen und sportlich aktiven Patienten angeboten werden, wobei die Wachstumsfuge am Tibiakopf weitestgehend verschlossen sein sollte.
Methode Ein 22-jähriger Patient mit VKB-Läsion wurde 3 Wochen nach Kniegelenksdistorsion mit VKB-Naht und DIS versorgt.
Schlussfolgerung Die VKB-Naht mit DIS ist eine operative Option zum Erhalt des VKB sowie möglicherweise der Propriozeption.
Indication, Technique and Long-term Results after Shoulder Arthrodesis Performed with Plate Fixation
Authors: Irlenbusch Ulrich , Rott Olaf , Irlenbusch Lars 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Aim Arthrodesis of the shoulder joint is a radical event, so it is difficult to explain its significance to patients. It has been the last resort in hopeless cases. Knowledge of long-term results and evaluation of advantages and disadvantages seems to be helpful in this regard.
Methods Eleven patients with mean age of 45 (31 – 58) years were operated between 2000 and 2013. All patients could be included in the investigation (FU mean 8.5 [3 – 16] years; 8 male and 3 female; right 9, left 2). Patients had the following indications: persistent instability 5 (2 with epilepsy), rotator cuff rupture 2 (1× after combined latissimus dorsi and teres major transfer), brachial plexus injury/defect 2, locked dislocation 1 and posttraumatic arthropathy 1. Fixation with DC plate (pre-bent to 110°) was used in all cases; with special focus on placing at least one screw in the scapular neck. The targeted arthrodesis position was abduction 30°, forward flexion 30°, and internal rotation 30°.
Results Active abduction improved from 12 to 63°, forward flexion from 21 to 79° and internal rotation from 10 to 47° (mean values). In the resting position with hanging arm aside, mean abduction was 3° and forward flexion 8°. Nine of 11 patients had considerable relief of pain, from 8.3 to 2.4 points VAS. Five patients rated the outcome as excellent, 3 as good and 1 as satisfactory. Nine patients would repeat the procedure. In summary, an Oxford Shoulder Score of 31.6 points was achieved, and SSV of 58%. Bony fusion was achieved in all cases, 3 – 4 months p. o. in mean. There were no important neurological or angiological complications.
Conclusions Plate arthrodesis in the technique used achieves high fusion and a low complication rate. Relief of pain and functional improvement are astonishing. Analysis of our results indicates that correction of the positions mentioned above is necessary: i. o. arthrodesis position for abduction 25° (by means of pre-bending plate of 105°), forward flexion 20° and internal rotation 30° are suggested.
Die homöopathische Behandlung des Eosinophilen Granulom-Komplexes bei einem Perserkater
Authors: Hentschel Brigitte 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Fallbericht zeigt, wie es nach der Gabe von Lycopodium und Sulfur, letztendlich der Nosode Tuberkulinum gelang, einen geplagten Perserkater von seiner Hautkrankheit zu befreien. Dabei wird dargestellt, wie nützlich es ist, bei komplizierten Fällen die Miasmatik mit einzubeziehen. Zudem werden die beiden Nosoden Tuberkulinum Koch und Tuberkulinum bovinum differenzialdiagnostisch gegenübergestellt.
What’s the matter with being Indonesian? A social representation approach to unravelling Indonesian national identity / ¿Qué significa ser indonesio? Una perspectiva de la representación social para desentrañar la identidad nacional indonesia
Authors: Zein Rizqy A. 
Published: February 2018

Due to its diverse nature, being an Indonesian is sometimes confusing as it entails overlapping national, ethnic and religious identity. By using a social representation approach, online survey research involving 114 Indonesians was carried out to explore these questions: How do Indonesians negotiate their ethnic, religious and national identity? What identity markers should one possess to claim being an Indonesian? And lastly, who is the nationalist? Research findings suggest that national and ethnic identity as well as ethnic and religious identity were consensual, while the relation between religious and national identity was emancipated. It is also found that being a Muslim and possessing a stronger sense of ethnic identity would increase the likelihood of being a prouder Indonesian, while being a female, living abroad for 5–10 years, being a nationalist Muslim and embracing transnational Islamic movements reduced the probability of having a stronger sense of national identity.
Applied Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Goriely Alain 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Mathematics is playing an increasingly important role in society and the sciences, enhancing our ability to use models and handle data. Applied Mathematics: A Very Short Introduction introduces the field of applied mathematics and explores its relationships with pure mathematics, science, and engineering. Explaining the nature of applied mathematics, it discusses its early achievements in physics and engineering, and its development as a separate field after World War II. Using historical examples, current applications, and challenges, this VSI illustrates the particular role that mathematics plays in the modern sciences today and its far-reaching potential.
Do you believe in models? Simplicity and complexity
Authors: Goriely Alain 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Models are central to the world of applied mathematics. In its simplest sense, a model is an abstract representation of a system developed in order to answer specific questions or gain insight into a phenomenon. In general, we expect a model to be based on sound principles, to be mathematically consistent, and to have some predictive or insight value. Models are the ultimate form of quantification since all variables and parameters that appear must be properly defined and quantified for the equations to make sense. ‘Do you believe in models? Simplicity and complexity’ discusses the complexity of models; the steps involved in developing mathematical models—the physics paradigm; and collaborative mathematical modelling.