bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inward Glucose Transfer Accounts for Insulin‐Dependent Increase in Brain Glucose Metabolism Associated with Diet‐Induced Obesity
Authors: Bahri Senda , Horowitz Michael , Malbert Charles‐Henri 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThere is a general agreement that there are changes in brain metabolism in insulin‐resistant individuals during conditions of hyperinsulinemia. However, the impact on obesity is unclear, and the metabolic constants underlying these modifications are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate these changes in a large animal model of diet‐induced obesity.MethodsTwenty adult miniature pigs were fed with either an obesogenic diet or a regular diet for 5 months. At that time, fat deposition was evaluated using computed tomography scanning, and 18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography images were acquired dynamically both in the fasted state and during a euglycemic‐hyperinsulinemic clamp. Glucose uptake rates and pixel‐wise modeled brain volumes were calculated together with brain connectivity.ResultsWhole‐body insulin sensitivity was reduced by more than 50% in the obesity group. During insulin stimulation, whole‐brain insulin‐induced increased glucose uptake was unaltered in lean animals but increased markedly in the animals with obesity. The increased glucose uptake reflected an increase in the inward transfer without changes in phosphorylation or outward brain transport. Connectivity was increased in the animals with obesityConclusionsDiet‐induced obesity is associated with an increase in insulin‐stimulated brain glucose uptake as a consequence of a larger inward transfer. These changes occurred together with an increased connectivity in reference to regions associated with memory recollection.
Prognostic role of neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio on esophageal cancer patients who received definitive chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Liu Xuemei , Li Minghuan , Duan Qilong , Qiao Xiaoming , Yu Jinming , Yue Shuying 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a simple biomarker that can reflect the host antitumor immune response, has been associated with patient prognosis in several solid tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of NLR to predict clinical tumor response and prognosis in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who received definitive chemoradiotherapy.MethodsA total of 147 patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated at Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China, between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2013 were retrospectively recruited for analysis. The patients were divided into a low NLR group (NLR ≤2.46, n = 74) and a high NLR group (NLR >2.46, n = 73) according to pretreatment NLR. The predictive value of NLR for clinical tumor response and prognosis was examined.ResultsCompared with their matched counterparts, patients in the low NLR group showed a good clinical tumor response (P < 0.001). The NLR before chemoradiotherapy was significantly lower in patients who achieved complete response than in patients who did not achieve complete response (2.2 ± 0.9 vs. 2.7 ± 1.1, P = 0.024). Logistic regression analysis revealed that pretreatment NLR was negatively correlated with tumor response (odds ratio 0.60, 95% confidence interval 0.43–0.84; P = 0.003). In the univariate analysis, cT stage status (PPFS = 0.001; POS = 0.007), tumor response (PPFS < 0.001; POS < 0.001) and NLR (PPFS = 0.005; POS = 0.008) were significantly associated with PFS and OS. The Cox proportional hazards model showed that tumor response (PPFS = 0.002; POS = 0.003) and NLR (PPFS = 0.021; POS = 0.017) were independent predictors of prognosis.ConclusionsIn patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, NLR can be used as a simple marker to predict clinical tumor response and prognosis.
A five‐CpG DNA methylation score to predict metastatic‐lethal outcomes in men treated with radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Leonardson Amy , Geybels Milan S. , McDaniel Andrew S. , Yu Ming , Kolb Suzanne , Zong Hong , Carter Kelly , Siddiqui Javed , Cheng Anqi , Wright Jonathan L. , Pritchard Colin C. , Lance Raymond , Troyer Dean , Fan Jian‐Bing , Ostrander Elaine A. , Dai James Y. , Tomlins Scott A. , Feng Ziding , Stanford Janet L. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPrognostic biomarkers for localized prostate cancer (PCa) could improve personalized medicine. Our group previously identified a panel of differentially methylated CpGs in primary tumor tissue that predict disease aggressiveness, and here we further validate these biomarkers.MethodsPyrosequencing was used to assess CpG methylation of eight biomarkers previously identified using the HumanMethylation450 array; CpGs with strongly correlated (r >0.70) results were considered technically validated. Logistic regression incorporating the validated CpGs and Gleason sum was used to define and lock a final model to stratify men with metastatic‐lethal versus non‐recurrent PCa in a training dataset. Coefficients from the final model were then used to construct a DNA methylation score, which was evaluated by logistic regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses in an independent testing dataset.ResultsFive CpGs were technically validated and all were retained (P < 0.05) in the final model. The 5‐CpG and Gleason sum coefficients were used to calculate a methylation score, which was higher in men with metastatic‐lethal progression (P = 6.8 × 10−6) in the testing dataset. For each unit increase in the score there was a four‐fold increase in risk of metastatic‐lethal events (odds ratio, OR = 4.0, 95%CI = 1.8–14.3). At 95% specificity, sensitivity was 74% for the score compared to 53% for Gleason sum alone. The score demonstrated better prediction performance (AUC = 0.91; pAUC = 0.037) compared to Gleason sum alone (AUC = 0.87; pAUC = 0.025).ConclusionsThe DNA methylation score improved upon Gleason sum for predicting metastatic‐lethal progression and holds promise for risk stratification of men with aggressive tumors. This prognostic score warrants further evaluation as a tool for improving patient outcomes.
Impact of Micrometastatic Axillary Nodes on Survival of Breast Cancer Patients with Tumors ≤2 cm
Authors: Bae Hyeon Woo , Yoon Kwang Hyun , Kim Joo Heung , Lim Sung Mook , Kim Jee Ye , Park Hyung Seok , Park Seho , Kim Seung Il , Cho Young Up , Park Byeong‐Woo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the impact of pN1mi disease on the survival of T1 breast cancer patients and examined the clinical usefulness of the online PREDICT tool and updated staging system.
MethodsThe node stages of 2344 patients were divided into pN0, pN1mi, and pN1a. Clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Data for 111 micrometastatic diseases were applied to the PREDICT version 2.0 and re‐classified using the 8th edition of the cancer staging manual.ResultsUnivariable analyses demonstrated worse disease‐free and overall survival rates for patients with node‐positive cancer; however, the significance was not maintained in multivariable analyses. Chemotherapy improved outcomes in patients with node‐positive and non‐luminal A‐like subtype cancers. The PREDICT tool demonstrated good performance when estimating the 5‐year overall survival for pN1mi disease (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.834). According to the updated staging system, 74% of cases were down‐staged to IA, and clearly splitting survival curves were identified.ConclusionpN1mi disease alone did not adversely affect survival outcomes. Biologic and treatment factors determined outcomes in cases of small‐volume node micrometastasis. The PREDICT tool or new staging classification could help predict the survival of patients with micrometastatic sentinel nodes.
The Past Is Male
Authors: van den Dries Monique H. , Kerkhof Miyuki 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTQuantitative analyses of how the past and archaeological professionals are being depicted in, for example, exhibitions and popular books offer valuable—and sometimes confronting—insights about how presentation practices continue to reflect gender stereotypes. It turns out that very often archaeology and the archaeological past are still almost exclusively associated with males and masculine activities. This, of course, distorts the truth about what actually happened in past societies. It also raises the questions of whether or not such biases have an influence on public participation in archaeology and if they may hinder the sector's ambition to foster inclusivity. In this article, we will share some of the preliminary results of an ongoing systematic evaluation of presentation practice in Dutch archaeology and on the public perception of gender stereotypes in the past.
INTERESTS, EVIDENCE AND GAMES
Authors: Weatherson Brian 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTPragmatic encroachment theories have a problem with evidence. On the one hand, the arguments that knowledge is interest-relative look like they will generalise to show that evidence too is interest-relative. On the other hand, our best story of how interests affect knowledge presupposes an interest-invariant notion of evidence. This paper sketches a theory of evidence that is interest-relative, but which allows that ‘best story’ to go through with minimal changes. The evidence someone has is just what evidence a radical interpreter says they have. And a radical interpreter is playing a kind of game with the person they are interpreting. The cases that pose problems for pragmatic encroachment theorists involve coordination games between the interpreter and the interpretee, and like most coordination games they have multiple equilibria. The best solution to these games involves the notion of risk-dominant equilibria. So the evidence the person has is the evidence the interpreter says they have in the risk-dominant equilibria. This will be interest-relative, but consistent with the ‘best story' about how interests usually affect knowledge.
The use of unmanned aerial vehicles for health purposes: a systematic review of experimental studies
Authors: Carrillo-Larco R. M. , Moscoso-Porras M. , Taype-Rondan A. , Ruiz-Alejos A. , Bernabe-Ortiz A. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundUnmanned aircraft vehicles (UAVs) have had a rapid escalation in manageability and affordability, which can be exploited in healthcare. We conducted a systematic review examining the use of drones for health-related purposes.MethodsA search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, CINAHL and SciELO. Experimental studies were selected if the population included human subjects, the intervention was the use of UAVs and there was a health-related outcome.ResultsOf 500 results, five met inclusion criteria during an initial search. An updated search yielded four additional studies. Nine studies, all in high-income countries, were included for systematic syntheses: four studies addressed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest emergencies, three assessed drones for identification of people after accidents, one used drones to transport blood samples and one used drones to improve surgical procedures in war zones.ConclusionsResearch on the use of drones in healthcare is limited to simulation scenarios, and this review did not retrieve any studies from low- and middle-income countries.
Roundtable: The Anthropocene in British History
Authors: Otter Chris , Bashford Alison , Brooke John L. , Jonsson Fredrik Albritton , Kelly Jason M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe following exchange was the result of ongoing informal conversations among the contributors, who are all, in different ways, interested in the emergent concept of the Anthropocene and the challenges it posed, and the opportunities it provided, for historians working on Britain and the world. The conversation began at the end of 2015 and continued for about a year.
Revisiting the Relationship between Justice and Extra-Role Behavior: The Role of State Ownership
Authors: Chen Xi 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTState ownership is an important phenomenon in the world economy, especially in transition economies. Previous research has focused on how state ownership influences organizational performance, but few studies have been conducted on how state ownership influences employees. I propose that different ownership structures trigger different relational models among employees who pay attention to organizational justice consistent with their model to guide their extra-role behavior. Specifically, state-owned organizations reinforce employees’ relational concern and direct employees’ attention to procedural justice, whereas privatized organizations highlight employees' instrumental concern and direct their attention to distributive justice. I leverage a sample of organizations in China to explore how different ownership structures activate different relational models among employees and alter the relationship between organizational justice and employees’ extra-role behaviors. I find that state ownership attenuates and even reverses the positive relationship between distributive justice and extra-role behaviors. Conversely, state ownership exaggerates the positive relationship between a critical procedural justice dimension (participation in decision making) and employee extra-role behaviors. Implications for the micro-foundations of corporate governance and institutional change, organizational justice literature, and cross-cultural research are developed. This study also generates new insights for transition economies such as China.
Why is There Something Rather Than Nothing? A Probabilistic Answer Examined
Authors: Rodriguez-Pereyra Gonzalo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPeter van Inwagen has given an answer to the question ‘Why is there something rather than nothing?’. His answer is: Because there being nothing is as improbable as anything can be: it has probability 0. Here I shall examine his argument for this answer and I shall argue that it does not work because no good reasons have been given for two of the argument's premises and that the conclusion of the argument does not constitute an answer to the question van Inwagen wanted to answer.
Higher-order Taylor approximation of finite motions in mechanisms
Authors: de Jong J. J. , Müller A. , Herder J. L. 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYHigher-order derivatives of kinematic mappings give insight into the motion characteristics of complex mechanisms. Screw theory and its associated Lie group theory have been used to find these derivatives of loop closure equations up to an arbitrary order. In this paper, this is extended to the higher-order derivatives of the solution to these loop closure equations to provide an approximation of the finite motion of serial and parallel mechanisms. This recursive algorithm, consisting solely of matrix operations, relies on a simplified representation of the higher-order derivatives of open chains. The method is applied to a serial, a multi-DOF parallel, and an overconstrained mechanism. In all cases, adequate approximation is obtained over a large portion of the workspace.
Incidental finding of pulmonary arterial sling during patent ductus arteriosus surgery in a patient with Mowat–Wilson syndrome
Authors: Cano Sierra Juan D. , Mestra Camilo F. , Ronderos Dumit Miguel A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMowat–Wilson syndrome is a genetic condition due to a mutation in the ZEB2 gene; it affects many systems including the cardiovascular system. The pulmonary arterial sling originates from a failure of development of the proximal portion of the left sixth aortic arch, resulting in an anomalous left pulmonary artery origin from the posterior wall of the right pulmonary artery and the left pulmonary artery crossing to the left lung between the trachea and the oesophagus. We present a 4-month-old infant with Mowat–Wilson syndrome and left pulmonary arterial sling, and discuss the association of these two rare conditions. Pulmonary arterial sling is significantly more frequent in patients with Mowat–Wilson syndrome than in the general population.
Transparency, Data Protection and the Law Courts of the Future
Authors: Magrath Paul 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article by Paul Magrath examines the tensions between data protection and transparency in the context of a long overdue digital revolution in the courts of England and Wales. Many traditional hearings are being replaced by virtual or video-conference type hearings, and may in time be dealt with by an online court. There are concerns that open justice may suffer. Yet any attempt to remedy this with more transparent scrutiny of court information will need to conform to the stricter data protection regime under GDPR as well as respecting the privacy of litigants and the presumption of innocence. The author is Head of Product Development and Online Content with ICLR and a trustee of the Transparency Project.
Trait-based patterns of microbial dynamics in dormancy potential and heterotrophic strategy: case studies of resource-based and post-press succession
Authors: Kearns Patrick J , Shade Ashley 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between microbial community structure and function is a major challenge in microbial ecology. Recent work has shown that community weighted mean 16S rRNA gene copies, as a proxy for heterotrophic growth strategy, is a microbial community trait that decreases predictably over successional trajectories that are underpinned by changes in resource availability. However, it has been challenging to identify other microbial traits that are predictive of community functions and have consistent patterns with succession. Trait-based patterns of secondary succession (e.g., after a disturbance) are less often considered, and these responses may be underpinned by abiotic drivers other than changes in resources. In this perspectives piece, we present hypotheses about microbial traits important for microbial succession in resource-based and post-press disturbance scenarios, as synthesized from previous works and extended within this work. Using four case studies, we compare two traits, heterotrophic strategy and dormancy potential, and two different types of succession, resource-based (endogenous heterotrophic) and post-press. There were decreases in weighted ribosomal operon counts and in dormancy genes over resource-based succession. Both traits also were lower in post-press succession as compared to reference conditions, but increased with time from disturbance. Thus, dormancy potential may be an additional trait that changes predictably with succession. Finally, considering changes in microbial community traits over post-press succession is as important as over resource-based succession. These patterns need to be interpreted carefully and reference and recovering samples can be collected to improve interpretation of changes in community traits over post-press succession.
Reversing wrinkled skin and hair loss in mice by restoring mitochondrial function
Authors: Singh Bhupendra , Schoeb Trenton R. , Bajpai Prachi , Slominski Andrzej , Singh Keshav K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion is involved in mtDNA depletion syndromes, mitochondrial diseases, aging and aging-associated chronic diseases, and other human pathologies. To evaluate the consequences of depletion of mtDNA in the whole animal, we created an inducible mtDNA-depleter mouse expressing, in the polymerase domain of POLG1, a dominant-negative mutation to induce depletion of mtDNA in various tissues. These mice showed reduced mtDNA content, reduced mitochondrial gene expression, and instability of supercomplexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) resulting in reduced OXPHOS enzymatic activities. We demonstrate that ubiquitous depletion of mtDNA in mice leads to predominant and profound effects on the skin resulting in wrinkles and visual hair loss with an increased number of dysfunctional hair follicles and inflammatory responses. Development of skin wrinkle was associated with the significant epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases, and decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor TIMP1. We also discovered markedly increased skin inflammation that appears to be a contributing factor in skin pathology. Histopathologic analyses revealed dysfunctional hair follicles. mtDNA-depleter mice also show changes in expression of aging-associated markers including IGF1R, KLOTHO, VEGF, and MRPS5. mtDNA-repleter mice showed that, by turning off the mutant POLG1 transgene expression, mitochondrial function, as well as the skin and hair pathology, is reversed to wild-type level. To our knowledge that restoration of mitochondrial functions can reverse the skin and hair pathology is unprecedented.
ATR is a multifunctional regulator of male mouse meiosis
Authors: Widger Alexander , Mahadevaiah Shantha K. , Lange Julian , ElInati Elias , Zohren Jasmin , Hirota Takayuki , Pacheco Sarai , Maldonado-Linares Andros , Stanzione Marcello , Ojarikre Obah , Maciulyte Valdone , de Rooij Dirk G. , Tóth Attila , Roig Ignasi , Keeney Scott , Turner James M.A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMeiotic cells undergo genetic exchange between homologs through programmed DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation, recombination and synapsis. In mice, the DNA damage-regulated phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-like kinase (PIKK) ATM regulates all of these processes. However, the meiotic functions of the PIKK ATR have remained elusive, because germline-specific depletion of this kinase is challenging. Here we uncover roles for ATR in male mouse prophase I progression. ATR deletion causes chromosome axis fragmentation and germ cell elimination at mid pachynema. This elimination cannot be rescued by deletion of ATM and the third DNA damage-regulated PIKK, PRKDC, consistent with the existence of a PIKK-independent surveillance mechanism in the mammalian germline. ATR is required for synapsis, in a manner genetically dissociable from DSB formation. ATR also regulates loading of recombinases RAD51 and DMC1 to DSBs and recombination focus dynamics on synapsed and asynapsed chromosomes. Our studies reveal ATR as a critical regulator of mouse meiosis.
Reconstructing the sediment concentration of a giant submarine gravity flow
Authors: Stevenson Christopher John , Feldens Peter , Georgiopoulou Aggeliki , Schӧnke Mischa , Krastel Sebastian , Piper David J. W. , Lindhorst Katja , Mosher David 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSubmarine gravity flows are responsible for the largest sediment accumulations on the planet, but are notoriously difficult to measure in action. Giant flows transport 100s of km3 of sediment with run-out distances over 2000 km. Sediment concentration is a first order control on flow dynamics and deposit character. It has never been measured directly nor convincingly estimated in large submarine flows. Here we reconstruct the sediment concentration of a historic giant submarine flow, the 1929 “Grand Banks” event, using two independent approaches, each validated by estimates of flow speed from cable breaks. The calculated average bulk sediment concentration of the flow was 2.7–5.4% by volume. This is orders of magnitude higher than directly-measured smaller-volume flows in river deltas and submarine canyons. The new concentration estimate provides a test case for scaled experiments and numerical simulations, and a major step towards a quantitative understanding of these prodigious flows.