bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An examination of the dimensions of CEO power and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Sheikh Shahbaz 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThis study empirically aims to examine the relation between CEO power and firm engagement in corporate social responsibility (CSR). It undertakes an in-depth analysis of how the structural, ownership and expert dimensions of CEO power affect individual dimensions of CSR.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses ordinary least squares and industry fixed-effects regressions. It also uses instrumental variable-generalized method of moment regressions to test the robustness of empirical results.FindingsResults indicate that CEO power is negatively related to CSR. However, the relation between CEO power and CSR is influenced by CSR strengths, as power is negatively related to CSR strengths and is not related to CSR concerns. Results also indicate that the structural and ownership dimensions of CEO power are negatively related to CSR, and the expert dimension has no significant effect on CSR. Moreover, results show that CEO power is not related to the product dimension of CSR performance.Research limitations/implicationsCEO power is measured using the structural, ownership and expert dimensions of power. However, CEOs also acquire power through social networks and connections outside the corporation which is not covered in this study.Originality/valueThis study uses comprehensive measures of CEO power and CSR. It is the first study that examines the effect of dimensions of CEO power on individual dimensions of CSR performance.
How and When Servant Leaders Enable Collective Thriving: The Role of Team–Member Exchange and Political Climate
Authors: Xu Angela J. , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThriving teams are critical to the effective functioning of an organization. Extending Spreitzer et al.’s (2005) socially embedded model of thriving at work to the team level, this study explores how and when servant leadership promotes collective thriving. Through data collected from 80 teams composed of 520 employees, the study reveals that servant leaders help embed members in high‐quality team–member exchange relationships, which in turn enables their collective thriving. The authors find that a highly political climate is a dual‐stage moderator hindering the positive impact of servant leadership on collective thriving. The findings move forward extant servant leadership and thriving literature. The authors also offer practical implications for how organizations can nurture and reap benefits from thriving teams and the active role of employees in this process.
Formation and dispersal of biofilms in dairy substrates
Authors: Alonso Vanessa P P , Kabuki Dirce Y 
Published: March 2019

The formation and dispersion of biofilms in the dairy industry is a problem because it increases cross‐contamination, affecting the shelf life of the products and their safety. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different dairy substrates (cows’ milk and whey protein) on the formation and dispersion of Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus in two biofilm systems (mono‐species and multi‐species) on stainless steel at 25 °C. The dominant behaviour of E. faecalis occurred in most of the tests on mono‐species and multi‐species biofilms. A greater dispersion of biofilm cells was observed in skimmed milk.
Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients from the Asia‐Pacific region: Post‐hoc analyses of pooled clinical study data
Authors: Lee Eun Bong , Yamanaka Hisashi , Liu Yi , Tsai Wen‐Chan , Chen Connie , Kwok Kenneth , Yoo Hyun–Jeong , Llamado Lyndon J. , Wang Lisy , Luo Yingchun , Sugiyama Naonobu , Tanaka Yoshiya 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimWe report tofacitinib efficacy and safety in Asia‐Pacific patients who participated in the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) clinical development program.MethodThis post‐hoc analysis included pooled data from patients with RA in the Asia‐Pacific region treated with tofacitinib with/without conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs in Phase (P)1, 2, 3, and long‐term extension (LTE) studies (one LTE ongoing; January 2016 data‐cut). Efficacy was assessed over 24 months in patients who received tofacitinib 5 (N = 397) or 10 (N = 382) mg twice daily or placebo (N = 243) in three P2 and five P3 studies. Endpoints included American College of Rheumatology (ACR)20/50/70 responses, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28‐4[ESR]) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) remission rates, and change from baseline in Health Assessment Questionnaire‐Disability Index (∆HAQ‐DI). Safety data pooled over 92 months from one P1, four P2, six P3, and two LTE studies for all tofacitinib doses (N = 1464) included incidence rates (IRs) (patients with events/100 patient‐years) for adverse events (AEs) of special interest.ResultsAt month 3, patients receiving tofacitinib 5/10 mg twice daily improved vs placebo in ACR20 (69.2%/77.9% vs 27.5%), ACR50 (36.9%/44.4% vs 9.5%), and ACR70 (15.1%/22.4% vs 2.7%) responses, remission rates for DAS28‐4(ESR) (8.5%/18.5% vs 2.6%) and CDAI (6.1%/12.3% vs 0.5%), and ∆HAQ‐DI (−0.5/–0.6 vs −0.1); improvements were sustained through 24 months. IRs (95% CI) were 9.4 (8.5, 10.3) for serious AEs, 9.1 (8.3, 10.1) for discontinuations due to AEs, 3.7 (3.2, 4.3) for serious infections, 5.9 (5.2, 6.7) for herpes zoster, and 0.8 (0.6, 1.1) for malignancies (excluding non‐melanoma skin cancer).ConclusionIn Asia‐Pacific patients, tofacitinib improved signs/symptoms over 24 months. Safety over 92 months was generally consistent with global tofacitinib studies; however, infection IRs were higher in Asia‐Pacific patients.
Belt and Road Initiative: Responses from Japan and India – Bilateralism, Multilateralism and Collaborations
Authors: Nanwani Suresh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe responses from Japan and India to the China‐led Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) were not positive unlike many other Asian countries. Only in late 2017 did Japan extend its cooperation with BRI and India is still on record that it does not support BRI. The positions taken by both Japan and India, together and singly, in relation to BRI as well as the interrelationship of policy, politics, and institutions at the global level are discussed. The discussion also explores how Japan supplements its central alliance with the United States till the 1980s with other key relationships such as India and Australia in security and in its initiatives with India on Vision 25 and the Asia‐Africa Growth Corridor (AAGC). The discussion also explores the shift by India following its non‐alignment policy and its friendship treaty with the Soviet Union and with the end of the Cold War, on its renewed foreign policy of diplomacy and bilateralism and multilateralism with many countries and organizations. The challenges and opportunities of collaboration by Japan and India are discussed, together with the geo‐economic and geo‐political aspects of BRI for both countries in moving forward.
Systemic clearance of p16INK4a‐positive senescent cells mitigates age‐associated intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Patil Prashanti , Dong Qing , Wang Dong , Chang Jianhui , Wiley Christopher , Demaria Marco , Lee Joon , Kang James , Niedernhofer Laura J. , Robbins Paul D. , Sowa Gwendolyn , Campisi Judith , Zhou Daohong , Vo Nam 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRationaleAge‐related changes in the intervertebral discs are the predominant contributors to back pain, a common physical and functional impairment experienced by older persons. Cellular senescence, a process wherein cells undergo growth arrest and chronically secrete numerous inflammatory molecules and proteases, has been reported to cause decline in the health and function of multiple tissues with age. Although senescent cells have been reported to increase in intervertebral degeneration (IDD), it is not known whether they are causative in age‐related IDD.ObjectiveThe study aimed to elucidate whether a causal relationship exists between cellular senescence and age‐related IDD.Methods and ResultsTo examine the impact of senescent cells on age‐associated IDD, we used p16‐3MR transgenic mice, which enables the selective removal of p16Ink4a‐positive senescent cells by the drug ganciclovir. Disc cellularity, aggrecan content and fragmentation alongside expression of inflammatory cytokine (IL‐6) and matrix proteases (ADAMTS4 and MMP13) in discs of p16‐3MR mice treated with GCV and untreated controls were assessed. In aged mice, reducing the per cent of senescent cells decreased disc aggrecan proteolytic degradation and increased overall proteoglycan matrix content along with improved histological disc features. Additionally, reduction of senescent cells lowered the levels of MMP13, which is purported to promote disc degenerative changes during aging.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that systemic reduction in the number of senescent cells ameliorates multiple age‐associated changes within the disc tissue. Cellular senescence could therefore serve as a therapeutic target to restore the health of disc tissue that deteriorates with age.
The effects of environmental regulation on the stock market: the French experience
Authors: Pham Huy Nguyen Anh , Ramiah Vikash , Moosa Imad 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe impact of environmental regulation on the French stock market is investigated by using event study methodology and asset pricing models. The impact of environmental regulation on the stock prices of environmentally friendly businesses and polluters is assessed. Additionally, we estimate the change in systematic risk following the introduction of new regulations. According to the results, the French stock market is particularly sensitive to the environmental regulation embodied in the European Union Emissions Trading System and less so to the regulation on water, soil and air. The chemicals, oil and gas industries exhibit negative reactions, whereas other polluters (such as construction and materials, and industrial transportation) produce positive abnormal returns.
Evaluation of two tuberculosis PCR assays for routine use in a clinical setting of low population and low tuberculosis prevalence
Authors: Luukinen Bruno Vincent , Vuento Risto , Hirvonen Jari Juhani 
Published: March 2019

Today, there are numerous different molecular diagnostic assays for the detection of tuberculosis (TB), allowing the optimization of rapid detection of TB according to the clinical need. In this study, two high‐throughput TB PCR assays with combined antimicrobial resistance detection, Anyplex™ II MTB/MDR (Seegene) and RealTime MTB + RealTime MTB RIF/INH Resistance (Abbott Molecular), were evaluated for routine use in a clinical setting of low population and low TB prevalence in Finland. The RealTime MTB assay was 100% concordant (22/22 positive, n = 169) with the reference methods (culture and Xpert MTB/RIF PCR assay, Cepheid). However, with a limitation of four separate PCR cycles per kit, the routine use in a low TB‐prevalence setting would easily lead to wasting most of the RIF/INH Resistance reagents. The Anyplex™ II MTB/MDR assay usability was more adaptive to suit the clinical setting but the assay sensitivity was considerably lower (86%, 19/22 positive, n = 76) being closer to the sensitivity of smear microscopy. The findings of this study suggest that the evaluated high‐throughput MTB/MDR assays are evidently suboptimal for routine use in a low population, low TB‐prevalence setting. In addition, neither of the two assays covers non‐tuberculous mycobacteria and could therefore not fully replace acid‐fast staining as the initial screening method.
Implementation of early detection and intervention services for psychosis in Central and Eastern Europe: Current status
Authors: Maric Nadja P. , Andric Petrovic Sanja , Rojnic‐Kuzman Martina , Riecher‐Rössler Anita 
Published: March 2019

AimUnequal development of early detection (ED) and early intervention (EI) programs/services for psychosis has been shown across Europe. The present report aims to fill in the knowledge gap regarding the implementation and several other important aspects of ED/EI services in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), a region with highly underdeveloped mental health service research.MethodsA 17‐item questionnaire was created to address the information regarding ED/EI organization and factors limiting their implementation. This questionnaire was distributed to professionals recognized as experts in the field from 23 CEE countries. The data were collected between December 2017 and February 2018.ResultsWe found that ED/EI services were rather an exception than a rule in CEE. The majority of the countries involved in the present survey reported no national plans or programmes for ED/EI development. The existing services were mostly state‐funded, hospital‐based, healthcare sites for both adolescent and adult help‐seekers. The lack of adequate infrastructure, finances and governmental support, as well as the insufficient number of staff, were identified as the most important factors limiting service implementation.ConclusionsAlthough ED/EI services for psychosis exist in some CEE countries, this could be largely attributed to enthusiastic individuals and organizations, rather than to a strategic development. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first mapping of ED/EI development in the region, which could be used as a starting point to plan the improvement of services, to accelerate their implementation and to facilitate timely detection of and intervention in psychosis across Europe.
Do alternative reproductive strategies in the Wellington tree weta represent different behavioural types?
Authors: Wilson Alexander D. M. , Kelly Clint D. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn many animal species, variation in reproductive success among individuals has led to the evolution of alternative mating strategies, which in the case of insects can often be correlated with developmental trajectories. In the Wellington tree weta, Hemideina crassidens, males can mature at the 8th, 9th or 10th instar, while females mature at the 10th instar only. A number of morphological attributes including male head and mandible size correlate with final instar number, and as these attributes represent a form of weaponry, they are often used in mate/site guarding and male–male competition. Tenth instar males have larger head/mandible/body sizes and show a conventional (guarder) reproductive strategy, whereas smaller 8th instar males typically show an unconventional (sneaker) strategy. In contrast, 9th instar males are predicted to adopt a “jack‐of‐all‐trades” strategy whereby they can fight or sneak depending context. Here, we tested whether alternative reproductive morphs exhibit strategy‐specific differences in risk‐taking associated with refuge emergence, activity and antipredator behaviour and further, whether these traits correlate to form a behavioural syndrome. We found that tree weta show consistent and repeatable differences in activity and refuge use at the individual level; however, behavioural covariances suggest that only 8th instar males exhibit a behavioural syndrome. That 9th instar males show high plasticity and variance in their gallery‐related behaviours supports the hypothesis that these males are a “jack‐of‐all‐trades.” Contrary to our predictions, antipredator behaviour was not correlated with other traits, and differences in behaviour overall were consistently more pronounced between individuals rather than between male morphs or sexes.
Status changes in the wild bees of north‐eastern North America over 125 years revealed through museum specimens
Authors: Mathiasson Minna E. , Rehan Sandra M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Though recent literature highlights widespread bee declines, detailed information on local communities and individual species remains scarce. In order to accurately direct conservation initiatives and to evaluate the status of wild bees, regional long‐term data on these populations are critical.

This study analysed 119 wild bee species within New Hampshire, USA, over 125 years (1891–2016) using museum data. Examining pollinator communities across regional spatial scales has the power to highlight small‐scale changes that go undetected in larger investigations. In the light of unknown effects of introduced species and cumulative range expansions of exotic taxa, monitoring wild communities closely and extensively over time is becoming increasingly important.

The composition of the New Hampshire wild bee community has changed between the historical and contemporary time periods with 14 species found to be statistically significantly declining and eight species found to be statistically significantly increasing. Over half of the species found to be in statistically significant decline experienced a significant elevational or latitudinal range shift, many are regionally important crop pollinators, and all are native New Hampshire taxa.

Guild affiliations were not found to be indicators of change, suggesting that the requirements and behaviour of individual species must be examined in order to evaluate the current and future stability of the wild bee community. Many of these species occur in varied landscapes, climates, and habitats; thus, monitoring changes at regional scales is critical to informing conservation recommendations broadly and focusing future research directions.
Accountability in Post‐Crisis Eurozone Governance: The Tricky Case of the European Stability Mechanism
Authors: Howarth David , Spendzharova Aneta 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEstablished at the height of the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis, the intergovernmental European Stability Mechanism (ESM) has, potentially, considerable influence over decisions on the provision of loans to Eurozone member state governments and on the recapitalization of banks. Legally and organizationally, the ESM is an international financial institution and thus its accountability can be compared to that of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and other international financial institutions. However, the ESM's governance structure and decision‐making procedures show that it is deeply embedded in the Eurozone governance architecture, resulting in a dual institutional embeddedness. Focusing on vertical and horizontal accountability combined with a learning perspective on accountability, this article presents an assessment of the accountability mechanisms applicable to the idiosyncratic ESM and how these mechanisms work in practice.
SWAN scale for ADHD trait‐based genetic research: a validity and polygenic risk study
Authors: Burton Christie L. , Wright Leah , Shan Janet , Xiao Bowei , Dupuis Annie , Goodale Tara , Shaheen S‐M. , Corfield Elizabeth C. , Arnold Paul D. , Schachar Russell J. , Crosbie Jennifer 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundPopulation‐based samples with valid, quantitative and genetically informative trait measures of psychopathology could be a powerful complement to case/control genetic designs. We report the convergent and predictive validity of the parent‐ and self‐report versions of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scale (SWAN). We tested if SWAN scores were associated with ADHD diagnosis, ADHD polygenic risk, as well as traits and polygenic risk for disorders that co‐occur with ADHD: anxiety and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD).MethodsWe collected parent‐ and self‐report SWAN scores in a sample of 15,560 children and adolescents (6–17 years) recruited at a science museum (Spit for Science sample). We established age and sex norms for the SWAN. Sensitivity‐specificity analyses determined SWAN cut‐points that discriminated those with and without a reported ADHD diagnosis. These cut‐points were validated in a clinic sample (266 ADHD cases; 36 controls). Convergent validity was established using the Conners’ parent‐ and self‐report scales. Using Spit for Science participants with genome‐wide data (n = 5,154), we tested if low, medium and high SWAN scores were associated with polygenic risk for ADHD, OCD and anxiety disorders.ResultsParent‐ and self‐report SWAN scores showed high convergent validity with Conners’ scales and distinguished ADHD participants with high sensitivity and specificity in the Spit for Science sample. In a clinic sample, the Spit for Science cut‐points discriminated ADHD cases from controls with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 92%. High SWAN scores and scores above the Spit for Science cut‐points were significantly associated with polygenic risk for ADHD. SWAN scores were not associated with polygenic risk for OCD or anxiety disorders.ConclusionsOur study supports the validity of the parent‐ and self‐report SWAN scales and their potential in ADHD population‐based genetic research.
Astrogliogenesis in human fetal brain: complex spatiotemporal immunoreactivity patterns of GFAP, S100, AQP4 and YKL‐40
Authors: Holst Camilla Bjørnbak , Brøchner Christian Beltoft , Vitting‐Seerup Kristoffer , Møllgård Kjeld 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe astroglial lineage consists of heterogeneous cells instrumental for normal brain development, function and repair. Unfortunately, this heterogeneity complicates research in the field, which suffers from lack of truly specific and sensitive astroglial markers. Nevertheless, single astroglial markers are often used to describe astrocytes in different settings. We therefore investigated and compared spatiotemporal patterns of immunoreactivity in developing human brain from 12 to 21 weeks post conception and publicly available RNA expression data for four established and potential astroglial markers – GFAP, S100, AQP4 and YKL‐40. In the hippocampal region, we also screened for C3, a complement component highly expressed in A1‐reactive astrocytes. We found diverging partly overlapping patterns of the established astroglial markers GFAP, S100 and AQP4, confirming that none of these markers can fully describe and discriminate different developmental forms and subpopulations of astrocytes in human developing brain, although AQP4 seems to be the most sensitive and specific marker for the astroglial lineage at midgestation. AQP4 characterizes a brain‐wide water transport system in cerebral cortex with regional differences in immunoreactivity at midgestation. AQP4 distinguishes a vast proportion of astrocytes and subpopulations of radial glial cells destined for the astroglial lineage, including astrocytes determined for the future glia limitans and apical truncated radial glial cells in ganglionic eminences, devoid of GFAP and S100. YKL‐40 and C3d, previously found in reactive astrocytes, stain different subpopulations of astrocytes/astroglial progenitors in developing hippocampus at midgestation and may characterize specific subpopulations of ‘developmental astrocytes’. Our results clearly reflect that lack of pan‐astrocytic markers necessitates the consideration of time, region, context and aim when choosing appropriate astroglial markers.