bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conditions for connectivity of incomplete block designs
Authors: Godolphin Janet 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn experimental situations where observation loss is common, it is important for a design to be robust against breakdown. For incomplete block designs, with one treatment factor and a single blocking factor, conditions for connectivity and robustness are developed using the concepts of treatment and block partitions, and of linking blocks. Lower bounds are given for the block breakdown number in terms of parameters of the design and its support. The results provide guidance for construction of designs with good robustness properties.
A proposed variable parameter control chart for monitoring the multivariate coefficient of variation
Authors: Chew XinYing , Khoo Michael Boon Chong , Khaw Khai Wah , Yeong Wai Chung , Chong Zhi Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn efficient process monitoring system is important for achieving sustainable manufacturing. The control charting technique is one of the most effective techniques to monitor process quality. In certain processes where the process mean and variance are not independent of one another, the coefficient of variation (CV), which measures the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, should be monitored. In line with industrial settings, where at least two or more variables are monitored simultaneously in most processes, this paper proposes a variable parameter (VP) chart to monitor the multivariate CV (MCV). Formulae and algorithms to optimize the various performance measures are discussed. The proposed VP MCV chart is designed based on a Markov chain approach. The performance comparison shows that the proposed VP MCV chart prevails over the existing MCV charts, in terms of the average time to signal (ATS), standard deviation of the time of signal (SDTS), and expected average time to signal (EATS) criteria. An example is presented to illustrate the implementation of the proposed VP MCV chart.
Habitat metrics based on multi‐temporal Landsat imagery for mapping large mammal habitat
Authors: Oeser Julian , Heurich Marco , Senf Cornelius , Pflugmacher Dirk , Belotti Elisa , Kuemmerle Tobias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUp‐to‐date and fine‐scale habitat information is essential for managing and conserving wildlife. Studies assessing wildlife habitat commonly rely on categorical land‐cover maps as predictors in habitat models. However, broad land‐cover categories often do not adequately capture key habitat features and generating robust land‐cover maps is challenging and laborious. Continuous variables derived directly from satellite imagery provide an alternative for capturing land‐cover characteristics in habitat models. Improved data availability and processing capacities now allow integrating all available images from medium‐resolution sensors in compositing approaches that derive spectral‐temporal metrics at the pixel level, summarizing spectral responses over time. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of such metrics derived from Landsat imagery for mapping wildlife habitat. We categorize spectral‐temporal metrics into habitat metrics characterizing different aspects of wildlife habitat. Comparing the performance of these metrics against categorical land‐cover maps in habitat models for lynx, red deer and roe deer, we found that models using habitat metrics consistently outperformed models based on categorical land‐cover maps, with average improvements of 13.7% in model AUC and 9.7% in the Continuous Boyce Index. Performance increases were larger for seasonal habitat models, indicating that the habitat metrics capture intra‐annual variability in habitat conditions better than land‐cover maps. Comparing suitability maps to ancillary data further revealed that our habitat metrics were sensitive to fine‐scale heterogeneity in habitat associated with forest structure. Overall, our study highlights the considerable potential of Landsat‐based spectral temporal metrics for assessing wildlife habitat. Given these metrics can be derived directly and in an automatized fashion from globally and freely available Landsat imagery, they open up new possibilities for monitoring habitat dynamics in space and time.
Application of surface science techniques to study a gilded Egyptian funerary mask: A multi‐analytical approach
Authors: Gard Faramarz Sahra , Daizo Maria Belén , Santos Diego Maximiliano , Halac Emilia Betty , Freire Eleonora , Reinoso María , Bozzano Patricia Beatriz , Dominguez Silvia Adriana , Montero Ricardo Jesús 
Published: July 2019

A wide range of analytical techniques has been used to study an Egyptian funerary mask of the Ptolemaic period (305‐30 bc). Secondary electron (SE) and back‐scattering (BS) images, recorded by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), provided a detailed representation of the metallurgical techniques used to construct the gilded mask. It is confirmed, that the golden leaf used to cover the mask is the product of an antique refinery practice, so called, cementation process of naturally occurring alloy of gold and silver, namely electrum. Complementary results of SEM‐electron dispersion spectroscopy (EDS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA)–wavelength dispersion spectroscopy (WDS) provided chemical compositions of the golden leaf as well as in the plaster base of the mask. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the presence of Au, Ag, Si, S, Cl, Ca, and N, in addition to O and C. Relative concentration of Au/Ag at the surface has been measured by XPS to be 70% to 30%. XPS depth profiling verified silver‐enrichment at the surface, as ratio of gold to silver is measured to be 80% to 20% at the depth of 15 nm. XPS chemical mapping images of gold and silver confirmed a rather inhomogeneous character of Au/Ag relative concentration at the surface. The main diffraction peaks in the X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectrum coincide with diffraction peaks of pure gold, silver metals, and magnesium calcite Mg0.03Ca0.97CO3. Whereas, Raman spectroscopy results implied the existence of Ag2S, a tarnishing compound, on the golden area of the mask.
Dynamic human contact prediction based on naive Bayes algorithm in mobile social networks
Authors: Zeng Feng , Yao Lan , Wu Baoling , Li Wenjia , Meng Lin 
Published: July 2019

SummaryHuman contact prediction is a challenging task in mobile social networks. The existing prediction methods are based on the static network structure, and directly applying these static prediction methods to dynamic network prediction is bound to reduce the prediction accuracy. In this paper, we extract some important features to predict human contacts and propose a novel human contact prediction method based on naive Bayes algorithm, which is suitable for dynamic networks. The proposed method takes the ever‐changing structure of mobile social networks into account. First, the past time is partitioned into many periods with equal intervals, and each period has a feature matrix of all node pairs. Then, with the feature matrixes used for classifiers training based on naive Bayes algorithm, we can get a classifier for each time period. At last, the different weights are assigned to the classifiers according to their importance to contact prediction, and all classifiers are weighted combination into the final prediction classifier. The extensive experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method, and the results show that the proposed method can improve the prediction accuracy and TP Rate to a large extent. Besides, we find that the size of time interval has a certain impact on the clustering coefficient of mobile social networks, which further affects the prediction accuracy.
Esculetin induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human colon cancer LoVo cells
Authors: Choi Yong J. , Lee Chang M. , Park See‐Hyoung , Nam Myeong J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe investigated the anti‐cancer effects of ESC in human colon cancer LoVo cells. Cell counting assay results showed that ESC inhibited the proliferation of LoVo cells. Cell cycle arrest results showed that cell cycle was arrested during the G0/G1 phase in the ESC‐treated LoVo cells. Western blot results showed that the cell cycle inhibitory proteins p53, p27, and p21 were increased, and cyclin D1, the cell cycle progressive protein, was decreased. Sp1 is a transcription factor regulating cell proliferation, was decreased in the ESC‐treated LoVo cells. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining results showed that ESC induces apoptosis in LoVo cells. Western blot results showed that Bax, cleaved caspase ‐3, ‐7, ‐9, and poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase, which are proapoptotic proteins, were increased and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 was decreased. Taken together, ESC induced apoptosis and has an anti‐cancer effect in LoVo cells.
Current perspectives on biosimilars
Authors: Agbogbo Frank K , Ecker Dawn M , Farrand Allison , Han Kevin , Khoury Antoine , Martin Aaron , McCool Jesse , Rasche Ulrike , Rau Tiffany D , Schmidt David , Sha Ma , Treuheit Nicholas 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In this work, an overview of the biosimilars market, pipeline and industry targets is discussed. Biosimilars typically have a shorter timeline for approval (8 years) compared to 12 years for innovator drugs and the development cost can be 10–20% of the innovator drug. The biosimilar pipeline is reviewed as well as the quality management system (QMS) that is needed to generate traceable, trackable data sets. One difference between developing a biosimilar compared to an originator is that a broader analytical foundation is required for biosimilars and advances made in developing analytical similarity to characterize these products are discussed. An example is presented on the decisions and considerations explored in the development of a biosimilar and includes identification of the best process parameters and methods based on cost, time, and titer. Finally factors to consider in the manufacture of a biosimilar and approaches used to achieve the target-directed development of a biosimilar are discussed.
Predicting the Effect of Adding a Citizenship Question to the 2020 Census
Authors: Brown J. David , Heggeness Misty L. , Dorinski Suzanne M. , Warren Lawrence , Yi Moises 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The addition of a citizenship question to the 2020 census could affect the self-response rate, a key driver of the cost and quality of a census. We find that citizenship question response patterns in the American Community Survey (ACS) suggest that it is a sensitive question when asked about administrative record noncitizens but not when asked about administrative record citizens. ACS respondents who were administrative record noncitizens in 2017 frequently choose to skip the question or answer that the person is a citizen. We predict the effect on self-response to the entire survey by comparing mail response rates in the 2010 ACS, which included a citizenship question, with those of the 2010 census, which did not have a citizenship question, among households in both surveys. We compare the actual ACS–census difference in response rates for households that may contain noncitizens (more sensitive to the question) with the difference for households containing only U.S. citizens. We estimate that the addition of a citizenship question will have an 8.0 percentage point larger effect on self-response rates in households that may have noncitizens relative to those with only U.S. citizens. Assuming that the citizenship question does not affect unit self-response in all-citizen households and applying the 8.0 percentage point drop to the 28.1 % of housing units potentially having at least one noncitizen would predict an overall 2.2 percentage point drop in self-response in the 2020 census, increasing costs and reducing the quality of the population count.
Oxygen Isotopic Exchange Between CO2 and Phosphoric Acid: Implications for the Measurement of Clumped Isotopes in Carbonates
Authors: Swart Peter K. , Murray Sean T. , Staudigel Philip T. , Hodell David A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExperiments have been conducted in which CO2 gases with varying C and O isotopic compositions and with stochastic and nonstochastic Δ47 values have been allowed to equilibrate with phosphoric acid of two concentrations in reaction vessels of varying dimensions at temperatures of 25 and 90 °C. Rates of 13C18O and 18O exchange between the CO2 and the phosphoric acid varied as a function of the length of exposure, volume of reaction vessel, acid strength, and difference of the initial Δ47 and δ18O values of the CO2 from theoretical equilibrium values. The Δ47 values were also altered by heated stainless steel surfaces such as those found within the Kiel device and other preparation systems. These results have been used to explain variations in the differences in the fractionation between 25 and 90 °C reported for calcite by different workers as well as differences in the slopes between temperature and Δ47 values produced by reacting samples at different temperatures (25 and 90 °C).
Propofol directly induces caspase-1-dependent macrophage pyroptosis through the NLRP3-ASC inflammasome
Authors: Sun Lingbin , Ma Wei , Gao Wenli , Xing Yanmei , Chen Lixin , Xia Zhengyuan , Zhang Zhongjun , Dai Zhongliang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPropofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is an uncommon life-threatening complication observed most often in patients receiving high-dose propofol. High-dose propofol treatment with a prolonged duration can damage the immune system. However, the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. An increasing number of clinical and experimental observations have demonstrated that tissue-resident macrophages play a critical role in immune regulation during anaesthesia and procedural sedation. Since the inflammatory response is essential for mediating propofol-induced cell death and proinflammatory reactions, we hypothesised that propofol overdose induces macrophage pyroptosis through inflammasomes. Using primary cultured bone marrow-derived macrophages, murine macrophage cell lines (RAW264.7, RAW-asc and J774) and a mouse model, we investigated the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and secondary pyroptosis in propofol-induced cell death. We found that high-dose propofol strongly cleaved caspase-1 but not caspase-11 and biosynthesis of downstream interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Inhibition of caspase-1 activity blocks IL-1β production. Moreover, NLRP3 deletion moderately suppressed cleaved caspase-1 as well as the proportion of pyroptosis, while levels of AIM2 were increased, triggering a compensatory pathway to pyroptosis in NLRP3-/- macrophages. Here, we show that propofol-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) can trigger NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) was found to mediate NLRP3 and AIM2 signalling and contribute to propofol-induced macrophage pyroptosis. In addition, our work shows that propofol-induced apoptotic initiator caspase (caspase-9) subsequently cleaved effector caspases (caspase-3 and 7), indicating that both apoptotic and pyroptotic cellular death pathways are activated after propofol exposure. Our studies suggest, for the first time, that propofol-induced pyroptosis might be restricted to macrophage through an NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 pathway, which provides potential targets for limiting adverse reactions during propofol application. These findings demonstrate that propofol overdose can trigger cell death through caspase-1 activation and offer new insights into the use of anaesthetic drugs.
Insights into the design of thermoelectric Mg3Sb2 and its analogs by combining theory and experiment
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Song Lirong , Iversen Bo Brummerstedt 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOver the past two decades, we have witnessed a strong interest in developing Mg3Sb2and related CaAl2Si2-type materials for low- and intermediate-temperature thermoelectric applications. In this review, we discuss how computations coupled with experiments provide insights for understanding chemical bonding, electronic transport, point defects, thermal transport, and transport anisotropy in these materials. Based on the underlying insights, we examine design strategies to guide the further optimization and development of thermoelectric Mg3Sb2-based materials and their analogs. We begin with a general introduction of the Zintl concept for understanding bonding and properties and then reveal the breakdown of this concept in AMg2X2with a nearly isotropic three-dimensional chemical bonding network. For electronic transport, we start from a simple yet powerful atomic orbital scheme of tuning orbital degeneracy for optimizing p-type electrical properties, then discuss the complex Fermi surface aided by high valley degeneracy, carrier pocket anisotropy, and light conductivity effective mass responsible for the exceptional n-type transport properties, and finally address the defect-controlled carrier density in relation to the electronegativity and bonding character. Regarding thermal transport, we discuss the insight into the origin of the intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity in Mg3Sb2. Furthermore, the anisotropies in electronic and thermal transport properties are discussed in relation to crystal orbitals and chemical bonding. Finally, some specific challenges and perspectives on how to make further developments are presented.
Erythropoietin (EPO) haplotype associated with all-cause mortality in a cohort of Italian patients with Type-2 Diabetes
Authors: Montesanto Alberto , Bonfigli Anna Rita , De Luca Maria , Crocco Paolina , Garagnani Paolo , Marasco Elena , Pirazzini Chiara , Giuliani Cristina , Romagnoli Fabio , Franceschi Claudio , Passarino Giuseppe , Testa Roberto , Olivieri Fabiola , Rose Giuseppina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractType-2 Diabetes (T2D), diabetic complications, and their clinical risk factors harbor a substantial genetic component but the genetic factors contributing to overall diabetes mortality remain unknown. Here, we examined the association between genetic variants at 21 T2D-susceptibility loci and all-cause mortality in an elderly cohort of 542 Italian diabetic patients who were followed for an average of 12.08 years. Univariate Cox regression analyses detected age, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), diabetes duration, retinopathy, nephropathy, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and anaemia as predictors of all-cause mortality. When Cox proportional hazards multivariate models adjusted for these factors were run, three erythropoietin (EPO) genetic variants in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with each other (rs1617640-T/G, rs507392-T/C and rs551238-A/C) were significantly (False Discovery Rate < 0.1) associated with mortality. Haplotype multivariate analysis revealed that patients carrying the G-C-C haplotype have an increased probability of survival, while an opposite effect was observed among subjects carrying the T-T-A haplotype. Our findings provide evidence that the EPO gene is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with T2D. Thus, understanding the mechanisms by which the genetic variability of EPO affects the mortality of T2D patients may provide potential targets for therapeutic interventions to improve the survival of these patients.
Compact four‐element MIMO antenna using T‐shaped and anti‐symmetric U‐shaped slotted SIW cavities
Authors: Niu Bing‐Jian , Tan Jie‐Hong 
Published: July 2019

A compact four‐element MIMO antenna with high isolation is proposed. It is constructed in two half‐mode substrate‐integrated‐waveguide cavities, which are placed back‐to‐back by sharing a row of vias to achieve compact size. Fed by coaxial ports, four antenna elements are formed which radiate cavity energy through opened edges. Two T‐shaped slots and two pairs of anti‐symmetric U‐shaped slots are etched on the cavities to enhance the isolation among antenna elements. A prototype operating at 3.52 GHz has been fabricated and measured. With the size of 0.61λ0 × 0.61λ0, the measured overall isolation of 14.0 dB, an envelope correlation coefficient of 0.02 and a peak gain of 4.3 dBi are obtained. The proposed MIMO antenna has potential applications in wireless systems.
100 GHz Silicon‐based micro‐machined patch antenna and arrays
Authors: Liu Jingtian , Chen Shuming , Xiao Ke , Chen Xiaowen 
Published: July 2019

This study designs a micro‐machined BCB‐cavity patch antenna and two types of four‐element micro‐machined antenna arrays at 100 GHz. The patches are fabricated on Benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer material. The silicon substrate is selective lateral etched under the patch antenna to fabricate a cavity surrounded by metal and filled with BCB material. The BCB‐cavity under patches can reduce the excitation of surface waves and enhance the radiation on performance. A single large BCB‐cavity is designed to implement the four‐element antenna arrays under the consideration of mutual coupling. The proposed single antenna has a 2.8 GHz impedance bandwidth. At 100 GHz, the simulated maximum gain is 6.7 dBi for the single antenna and 13 dBi for the four‐element antenna arrays.
Effects of Antibiotic Therapy in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis with and without Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Shah Ayesha , Crawford Darrel , Burger Daniel , Martin Neal , Walker Marjorie , Talley Nicholas J. , Tallis Caroline , Jones Michael , Stuart Katherine , Keely Simon , Lewindon Peter , Macdonald Graeme A. , Morrison Mark , Holtmann Gerald J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of antibiotic therapy in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Effect of antibiotic therapy on Mayo PSC Risk Score (MRS), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total serum bilirubin (TSB), and adverse events (AEs) rates were calculated and expressed as standardized difference of means or proportions. Five studies including 124 PSC patients who received antibiotics were included. Overall, antibiotic treatment was associated with a statistically significant reduction in ALP, MRS, and TSB by 33.2, 36.1, and 28.8%, respectively. ALP reduction was greatest for vancomycin (65.6%, p < 0.002) and smallest with metronidazole (22.7%, p = 0.18). Overall, 8.9% (95% confidence interval: 3.9–13.9) of patients had AEs severe enough to discontinue antibiotic therapy. In PSC patients, antibiotic treatment results in a significant improvement in markers of cholestasis and MRS. Antibiotics, particularly vancomycin, may have a positive effect on PSC either via direct effects on the microbiome or via host-mediated mechanisms.
Rheumatic Heart Disease in Children
Authors: Govindarajan Mira 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis article is based on the study of girl students aged 6 to 18 years from Government Hostel, Moosarambagh, Hyderabad on July 1, 2018. The students were screened for cardiac disease clinically and echocardiographically. There were no cases of rheumatic disease. This article presents a review of trends in the prevalence of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in the community worldwide and in India. It also presents echocardiographic criteria for screening in RHD.