bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Genocide in Canada? It Did Happen Here.
Authors: Amir Ruth 
Published: April 2018

This article explores the significance of the TRC’s assertion that the establishment and operation of residential schools were a central element of Canada’s Aboriginal policy that can be described as cultural genocide, against the backdrop of Canada’s historical position on cultural genocide and in view of residential schools litigation. It analyzes the deliberations over the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Genocide (The Genocide Convention) in various United Nations (UN) organs, Canada’s historical position, and the selective adoption of the Genocide Convention in Canadian law. My argument is threefold; first, I argue that the TRC assertion is indeed timely. Cultural genocide is not an inferior second-rate type of genocide, although it is not included in the Genocide Convention. Conceptually, cultural genocide is a full-blown genocide, even if it is not legally actionable. Second, Canada shielded itself legally above and beyond claims of genocide as it transplanted the Genocide Convention into Canadian law. Finally, while the cultural genocide phraseology may facilitate a wider scope of tort claims, the absence of appropriate legislation changes means Aboriginal people are likely to continue to view Canadian law as an oppressive settler-state mechanism.The first section of this article explores the notion of genocide as the destruction of cultures and the contextualization of the colonial experience within this notion. The second outlines briefly the drafters’ justification for the exclusion of cultural genocide in the Genocide Convention, the Canadian position with regard to cultural genocide, and the selective manner in which the Genocide Convention was incorporated in Canada’s criminal code. Section three analyzes residential schools litigation within Canada’s narrow, individual-based tort law. Finally, the significance and implications of the TRC conclusion will be discussed.
Two new meiofaunal species of Trilobodrilus (Dinophilidae, Annelida) from California, USA
Authors: Kerbl Alexandra , Vereide Emilie Hernes , Gonzalez Brett C. , Rouse Greg W. , Worsaae Katrine 
Published: April 2018

We describe two new species of the annelid genus Trilobodrilus Remane, 1925 (Dinophilidae Verill, 1892) from an intertidal and a subtidal location in San Diego, California. These two species show morphological and molecular divergences between each other and the previously described, geographically distant species. Intertidal T. windansea sp. nov. differs from subtidal T. ellenscrippsae sp. nov. most remarkably in the number and pattern of ciliary tufts and bands on the prostomium and along the body length, besides showing ca 15% difference in gene fragments of COI and CytB. Trilobodrilus windansea sp. nov., though nesting with T. ellenscrippsae sp. nov. in the molecular phylogenetic analyses, morphologically resembles the Japanese T. itoi Kajihara, Ikoma, Yamasaki & Hiruta, 2015 most closely, but still differs from this species in the higher number of apical ciliary tufts, an additional ciliary row posterior to the second ciliary band, and by lacking a forth ciliary band and segmentally arranged lateral ciliary tufts. Trilobodrilus ellenscrippsae sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to the Japanese T. nipponicus Uchida & Okuda, 1943, but is much shorter, has more apical ciliary tufts, and less regularly arranged lateral ciliary tufts along the body. All species differ significantly in all compared gene fragments, and no obvious correlation was found between habitat and the species morphology or relationships.
APTIDÃO EDAFOCLIMÁTICA PARA O MOGNO-AFRICANO NO BRASIL
Authors: Casaroli Derblai , Rosa Flávio de Oliveira , Alves Júnior José , Evangelista Adão Wagner Pêgo , Brito Barbara Vieira de , Pena Diogo Silva 
Published: April 2018

O mogno-africano (Khaya ivorensis A. Chev.) é uma espécie arbórea, nativa do continente Africano, com boa qualidade de madeira, muito utilizada na confecção de móveis, na indústria naval, na construção de portas e portais, dentre outros. Tendo em vista que as condições de clima e solo são semelhantes entre a região de origem e o Brasil, pode-se inferir que o território brasileiro possui um grande potencial de cultivo. Este trabalho objetivou identificar zonas com aptidão edafoclimática para o mogno-africano no Brasil. A partir das variáveis, temperatura média, pluviosidade anual e tipos de solo, elaboraram-se critérios de seleção de regiões aptas, restritas e inaptas, para o adequado crescimento e desenvolvimento do mogno. Regiões que apresentaram temperaturas entre 23°C e 29°C foram consideradas aptas, com temperaturas entre 18°C e 23°C e de 29°C a 35°C, foram restritas, e valores de temperatura menores que 18°C e maiores que 35°C, inaptas. Com relação à pluviosidade, zonas consideradas aptas compreenderam uma quantidade de 830 a 3.000 mm ano‑1, sendo que valores menores que 830 e maiores que 3.000, foram inaptas. Para a aptidão edáfica, foram consideradas aptas as regiões contendo os mesmos tipos de solos existentes na região de origem do mogno (Argissolo, Latossolo, Neossolo, Quartzarênico, Litólico, Insular e Equatorial). A partir das características edafoclimáticas determinou-se que 55,62% da área brasileira foi considerada apta, 11,66 % apta com restrições leves, 25,00 % apta com restrições moderadas e 7,71 % restrita.
BANCO DE SEMENTES DO SOLO PARA USO NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE MATAS CILIARES DEGRADADAS NA REGIÃO NOROESTE FLUMINENSE
Authors: Oliveira Tiago José Freitas de , Barroso Deborah Guerra , Andrade Aluísio Granato de , Freitas Ismael Lourenço Jesus , Amim Reynaldo Tancredo 
Published: April 2018

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a capacidade de germinação e diversidade das espécies do banco de sementes de um fragmento de mata ciliar localizado na Estação Experimental da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RJ), em Itaocara - RJ e, com isso, avaliar o seu potencial para uso em técnicas de nucleação. Amostras de 0,25 m x 0,25 m x 0,05 m de solo e serapilheira foram coletadas em cinco diferentes pontos do fragmento, a cada 10 m, a partir da margem do rio Paraíba do Sul. Em cada distância foram tomadas três amostras de solo e três amostras de solo + serapilheira. O material coletado foi levado à Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF) e disposto em bandejas plásticas de 25 cm de diâmetro e 9 cm de altura, em casa de vegetação. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC) e comparados pelo teste de F (5%), com 15 repetições por tratamento, constituídas por uma bandeja. Durante um período de quatro meses, foram registrados 473 indivíduos, distribuídos entre herbáceos, arbustivos e arbóreos. O banco de sementes avaliado é composto, em sua maioria, por espécies herbáceas, destacando-se a Pteridium arachnoideum, com 58 indivíduos. Dentre as espécies arbustivas e arbóreas, destacaram-se Piper sp. e Trema micrantha, com 56 e 32 indivíduos, respectivamente. O banco de sementes do solo, juntamente com a serapilheira, apresentou menor número de espécies, sem diferença no número de indivíduos. Tanto o solo, quanto o solo com serapilheira apresentam potencial para uso em técnicas de nucleação.
Electrophysiological evidence for temporal dynamics associated with attentional processing in the zoom lens paradigm
Authors: Zhang Qing , Liang Tengfei , Zhang Jiafeng , Fu Xueying , Wu Jianlin 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundVisuospatial processing requires wide distribution or narrow focusing of attention to certain regions in space. This mechanism is described by the zoom lens model and predicts an inverse correlation between the efficiency of processing and the size of the attentional scope. Little is known, however, about the exact timing of the effects of attentional scaling on visual searching and whether or not additional processing phases are involved in this process.MethodElectroencephalographic recordings were made while participants performed a visual search task under different attentional scaling conditions. Two concentric circles of different sizes, presented to the participants at the center of a screen modulated the attentional scopes, and search arrays were distributed in the space areas indicated by these concentric circles. To ensure consistent eccentricity of the search arrays across different conditions, we limited our studies to the neural responses evoked by the search arrays distributed in the overlapping region of different attentional scopes.ResultsConsistent with the prediction of the zoom lens model, our behavioral data showed that reaction times for target discrimination of search arrays decreased and the associated error rates also significantly decreased, with narrowing the attentional scope. Results of the event-related potential analysis showed that the target-elicited amplitude of lateral occipital N1, rather than posterior P1, which reflects the earliest visuospatial attentional processing, was sensitive to changes in the scaling of visuospatial attention, indicating that the modulation of the effect of changes in the spatial scale of attention on visual processing occurred after the delay period of P1. The N1 generator exhibited higher activity as the attentional scope narrowed, reflecting more intensive processing resources within the attentional focus. In contrast to N1, the amplitude of N2pc increased with the expansion of the attentional focus, suggesting that observers might further redistribute attentional resources according to the increased task difficulty.ConclusionThese findings provide electrophysiological evidence that the neural activity of the N1 generator is the earliest marker of the zoom lens effect of visual spatial attention. Furthermore, evidence from N2pc shows that there is also a redistribution of attentional resources after the action of the zoom lens mechanism, which allows for better perform of the search task in the context of low attentional resolution. On the basis of the timing of P1, N1, and N2pc, our findings provide compelling evidence that visuospatial attention processing in the zoom lens paradigm involves multi-stage dynamic processing.
No tears in heaven: did the media create the pseudo-phenomenon “altitude-adjusted lachrymosity syndrome (AALS)”?
Authors: Wicks Paul , Lancashire Lee 
Published: April 2018

Objective
In the media, numerous public figures have reported involuntary emotional outbursts arising from watching films on planes, resembling neurological phenomena such as pseudobulbar affect. Putative risk factors put forward include altitude, mild hypoxia, or alcohol. Our objective was to determine whether watching a film on an airplane is really more likely to induce involuntary, uncontrollable, or surprising crying than watching one on the ground, described in some social media as “altitude-adjusted lachrymosity syndrome” (AALS), or whether this is a pseudo-phenomena.

Methods
Amazon Mechanical Turk survey participants (N = 1,084) living in the United States who had watched a film on a plane in the past 12 months were invited to complete an online survey. The main outcome measures were likelihood of crying in a logistic regression model including location of viewing, age, gender, genre of film, subjective film rating, annual household income, watching a “guilty pleasure” film, drinking alcohol, feeling tired or jetlagged, or having a recent emotional life event.

Results
About one in four films induced crying. Watching a film on a plane per se does not appear to induce involuntary crying. Significant predictors of crying included dramas or family films, a recent life event, watching a “guilty pleasure”, high film ratings, and female gender. Medical conditions, age, income, alcohol use, and feeling tired or jetlagged were not significant.

Conclusion
People reporting the pseudo-phenomena of AALS are most likely experiencing “dramatically heightened exposure”, watching as many films on a plane in a week’s return trip as they would in a year at the cinema. Such perceptions are probably magnified by confirmation bias and further mentions in social media.
Maternal-Newborn ABO Blood Groups and Risk of Bacterial Infection in Newborns
Authors: Butler Emily Ana , Ray Joel G. , Cohen Eyal 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceNewborn immunity largely relies on maternal-fetal transfer of antibodies in utero. Incongruency in ABO blood groups between a mother and newborn may be associated with protection against serious infections, but data specific to newborn bacterial infections are lacking.ObjectiveTo ascertain the association between maternal-newborn ABO blood group incongruence and lower risk of bacterial infection in newborns.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used linked patient-level datasets for all singleton live births between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2020, in hospitals and health centers in Ontario, Canada. The cohort comprised maternal-newborn pairs with known ABO blood groups. Data analysis was conducted between February and May 2024.ExposureMaternal-newborn ABO blood group incongruence vs congruence.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a bacterial infection arising in newborns within 30 days of birth. Bacterial infection was cultured from either blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, or lung specimen. Secondary outcomes were a bacterial infection with 7 days and 90 days of birth. Modified Poisson regression generated adjusted relative risks (ARRs) and 95% CIs, adjusted for neonatal sex and preterm birth.ResultsA total of 138 207 maternal-newborn pairs (maternal mean [SD] age, 31.8 [5.1] years among those with ABO blood group incongruency and 31.5 [5.1] years among those with ABO blood group congruency; newborn mean [SD] gestational age, 38.5 [2.3] weeks among those with incongruency and 38.4 [2.5] weeks among those with congruency; 19 475 males [51.3%] with incongruency and 52 041 males [51.9%] with congruency) were analyzed. Of these pairs, 37 953 (27.5%) had ABO blood group incongruency and 100 254 (72.5%) had ABO blood group congruency. Within 30 days of birth, 328 (8.6 per 1000) newborns in the incongruent group and 1029 (10.3 per 1000) newborns in the congruent group experienced a bacterial infection, corresponding to an ARR of 0.91 (95% CI, 0.81-1.03). The ARRs for bacterial infection within 7 days and 90 days of birth were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.73-1.09) and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.78-0.94), respectively.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found no association between maternal-newborn ABO blood group incongruence and risk of bacterial infection in newborns within 30 and 7 days of birth. However, incongruence was associated with a decreased risk of bacterial infection within 90 days of birth.
Resting Heart Rate and Incident Atrial Fibrillation in Black Adults in the Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Yogeswaran Vidhushei , Wiggins Kerri L. , Sitlani Colleen M. , Ilkhanoff Leonard , Benjamin Emelia J. , Heckbert Susan R. , Kassahun-Yimer Wondwosen , Floyd James S. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceResting heart rate (RHR) is a widely available measure of cardiovascular fitness that has been associated with several cardiovascular outcomes. RHR has previously been associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) among individuals of European ancestry, but little is known about this association in Black adults.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between RHR and incident AF in a large community-based sample of Black adults, independently of established risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study uses data from the Jackson Heart Study, a prospective community-based cohort in Jackson, Mississippi. Participants without prevalent AF were included and were monitored for new-onset AF during follow-up, from 2000 through 2016. Data analysis was performed from August 1 to December 11, 2023.ExposureRHR was assessed from resting 12-lead electrocardiograms performed at examination 1 (2000-2004) and examination 3 (2009-2013).Main Outcomes and MeasuresAF was identified from study electrocardiograms, hospitalization discharge diagnosis codes, and Medicare claims diagnosis codes. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association between baseline (examination 1) RHR and incident AF, adjusting for established AF risk factors.ResultsAmong 4965 Black adults eligible for analysis, the mean (SD) age was 55 (13) years, 1830 (37%) were male, and the mean (SD) RHR at baseline was 65 (11) beats per minute (bpm). During a median (IQR) 14 (12-15) years of follow-up, there were 458 incident AF events, resulting in an incident rate of 7.5 per 1000 person-years (95% CI, 6.8-8.2 incidents per 1000 person-years). Each 10-bpm higher RHR was associated with a 9% higher risk of incident AF after adjustment for AF risk factors (hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00-1.19). In a sensitivity analysis that excluded individuals with prior heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, and antiarrhythmic medication use at baseline, the hazard ratio was 1.14 (95% CI, 1.02-1.28). There was little evidence of effect modification of these associations by age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, or physical activity level.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large prospective cohort study of Black adults, elevated baseline RHR was associated with increased risk of incident AF, consistent with findings from previous studies of European ancestry populations. Future research should focus on determining whether RHR can be used to screen patients at high risk of AF.
Blood–brain barrier profile pretreatment is associated with hemorrhagic transformation after endovascular reperfusion
Authors: Leigh Richard , Seners Pierre , Rousseau Vanessa , Christensen Soren , Albucher Jean‐François , Drif Amel , Cognard Christophe , Guenego Adrien , Viguier Alain , Sommet Agnes , Raposo Nicolas , Calviere Lionel , Januel Anne‐Christine , Mlynash Michael , Bonneville Fabrice , Gaudilliere Brice , Thalamas Claire , Sibon Igor , Tourdias Thomas , Mazighi Mikael , Heit Jeremy J , Maier Benjamin , Albers Gregory W. , Olivot Jean‐Marc ,   the FRAME Investigators
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhile advances in endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) have led to high reperfusion rates, most patients treated with EVT do not avoid disability. Post‐reperfusion hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a potential target for improving outcomes. This study examined pretreatment blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption in tissue that would subsequently become part of the final infarct to evaluate its role in post‐EVT HT.MethodsThis post hoc analysis of the FRAME study, which enrolled patients with anterior large vessel occlusion who received EVT within 6 hours of onset, included patients if they had successful pretreatment MRI perfusion weighted imaging (PWI) and underwent successful EVT. BBB disruption was measured as the percent signal change due to gadolinium leakage on the PWI source images prior to thrombectomy. Mean permeability derangement (MPD) was defined as the average of all voxels in the stroke core that are two standard deviations above normal. The primary outcome was hemorrhagic transformation with parenchymal hematoma (PH).ResultsIn total, 164 patients were included; mean age was 71 and 48% were female. PH occurred in 57 patients. Median MPD was 13.5% for patients with PH versus 3.6% for patients without (p < 0.0001). Elevated MPD was independently associated with PH with a 20% increased risk of PH for each 5% increase in MPD (OR 1.206; 95% CI 1.037:1.405; p = 0.0147, adjusted for NIHSS and procedure duration).ConclusionsEven in patients who are successfully recanalized in an early time window, pretreatment BBB disruption in regions that go on to infarct is associated with an increased risk of post‐EVT HT.
IL‐12p70 Induces Neuroprotection via the PI3K‐AKT‐BCL2 Axis to Mediate the Therapeutic Effect of Electroacupuncture on Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Huang Tingting , Hong Jie , Ling Jia , Zhu Lin , Zhao Wei , Zhang Xinlu , Yan Xinze , Hu Chen , Zhang Ruijie , Gao Chen , Zhang Shengzhao , Chen Chen , Yang Runhuai , Wu Weiwei , Wang Chunhui , Gao Qian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPostoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD), a postsurgical decline in cognitive function, primarily affects older adults and worsens their prognosis. Although elevated interleukin‐12p70 (IL‐12p70) is closely correlated with slower cognitive decline in older adults, its role in POCD remains unclear. Here, IL‐12p70 is identified as a significant mediator of therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on POCD. EA at acupoints ST36, GV20, and GV24 significantly enhanced cognitive behaviors of POCD mice. IL‐12p70, downregulated in POCD mice but rescued by EA treatment, is the cytokine closely associated with EA's therapeutic effect. Clinically, IL‐12p70 is downregulated in older adults’ serum post‐surgery. Furthermore, IL‐12p70 exerts a potent neuroprotective effect in both neuronal cell lines and primary hippocampal neurons. The PI3K‐AKT‐BCL2 axis enriched by in silico analysis is validated as the signaling mechanism underlying IL‐12p70‐induced neuroprotection. In vivo, beneficial effects of EA treatment on the activation of PI3K‐AKT‐BCL2 axis and POCD are reproduced by IL‐12p70 administration but attenuated by IL‐12p70 knockdown. The findings reveal a novel mechanism underlying the therapeutic effect of EA on POCD, demonstrating that IL‐12p70 exerts a neuroprotective effect by activating PI3K‐AKT‐BCL2 axis in hippocampal neurons. The newly‐discovered function and mechanism of IL‐12p70 highlight its potential in treating cognitive disorders.
Desolvation Effect Triggered by TiS2‐TiO2 Heterostructure for Ultrahigh‐Rate Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Manlin , Zhou Min , Wang Qingyuan , Xu Cheng , Wang Sheng , Ning Jing , Wang Tianqi , Wang Kangli , Jiang Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn ion batteries (AZIBs) represent a promising candidate for the next‐generation energy storage and conversion systems due to their high safety and cost‐effectiveness. However, sluggish kinetics arising from interface desolvation processes pose challenges in achieving high‐power density and long cycle life for AZIBs. Here, it is discovered for the first time that heterostructures utilize built‐in electric field forces to promote the desolvation process at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and structural characterization demonstrate that heterogeneous structures simultaneously accelerate the desolvation process and enhance ion diffusion, resulting in the outstanding rate performance (160.9 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1) of TiS2‐TiO2 heterostructures, far exceeding that of a conventional TiS2 electrode with 14.2% capacity retention. Meanwhile, the insertion/extraction of the desolvated charge carriers reduced the volume change of TiS2‐TiO2 material during the charging/discharging processes, enabling the long‐lasting cycling stability (108.6 mA h g−1 after 2000 cycles at 0.5 A g−1). This study provides instructive electrode design strategies for the construction of fast‐charging electrochemical energy storage systems.