bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquids and its Potential as a New Green Solvent for REE Extraction in Philippine Bauxite Residues
Authors: Campos Ivanna Raena V. , Gabo-Ratio Jillian Aira S. , Payot Betchaida D. , Balela Mary Donnabelle L. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have become necessary for high-technology applications. This has prompted an increase in demand for REE exploration, production, and extraction. Despite its name, REEs are fairly rich in the Earth’s crust. REEs are estimated to have a crustal abundance of 9.2 ppm relative to other elements in our crust. In the Philippines, deposits are found to give adequately high concentrations of REE, ranging from approximately 200 ppm to 600 ppm. Samar bauxite deposits especially had around 500 ppm REE. In line with the planned bauxite production in the Philippines, it is of interest to further uncover ways to maximize its recovery. One of the possible optimizations in its extraction is to utilize its residue. There have been a number of methods to extract REE in bauxite residues. The use of ionic liquids (IL) to recover REE in bauxite offers a possibility of an effective and environmentally safe recovery process. ILs are molten salts that have melting points below 100degC. They exhibit high electrochemical stability, non-flammability, non-volatility, and can be tailored to the desired application. Hence, they have been the topic of study for different research regarding REE extraction in bauxite residues. Herein, the potential of ILs as a green solvent for REE extraction in bauxite is reviewed for future use in the extractive metallurgy of bauxites in the Philippines.
Symplectic duality for topological recursion
Authors: Bychkov Boris , Dunin-Barkowski Petr , Kazarian Maxim , Shadrin Sergey 
Published: November 2024

We consider weighted double Hurwitz numbers, with the weight given by arbitrary rational function times an exponent of the completed cycles. Both special singularities are arbitrary, with the lengths of cycles controlled by formal parameters (up to some maximal length on both sides), and on one side there are also distinguished cycles controlled by degrees of formal variables. In these variables the weighted double Hurwitz numbers are presented as coefficients of expansions of some differentials that we prove to satisfy topological recursion.

Our results partly resolve a conjecture that we made in [Comm. Math. Phys. 402 (2023), pp. 665–694] and are based on a system of new explicit functional relations for the more general

(
m
,
n
)

(m,n)

-correlation functions, which correspond to the case when there are distinguished cycles controlled by formal variables in both special singular fibers. These

(
m
,
n
)

(m,n)

-correlation functions are the main theme of this paper and the latter explicit functional relations are of independent interest for combinatorics of weighted double Hurwitz numbers. We also put our results in the context of what we call the “symplectic duality”, which is a generalization of the

x
−
y

x-y

duality, a phenomenon known in the theory of topological recursion.
Tingley’s problem for positive unit spheres of operator algebras and diametral relations
Authors: Leung Chi-Wai , Ng Chi-Keung , Wong Ngai-Ching 
Published: November 2024

We answer, in the affirmative, Tingley’s problem for positive unit spheres of (complex) von Neumann algebras. More precisely, let

Λ
:

S

A

+

→

S

B

+

\Lambda : \mathrm {S}_{\mathcal {A}^+} \to \mathrm {S}_{\mathcal {B}^+}

be a bijection between the sets of positive norm-one elements of two von Neumann algebras

A

\mathcal {A}

and

B

\mathcal {B}

. We show that if

Λ
\Lambda

is an isometry, then it extends to a bijective complex linear Jordan

∗

^*

-isomorphism from

A

\mathcal {A}

onto

B

\mathcal {B}

. In the case in which

Λ
\Lambda

satisfies the weaker assumption of preserving pairs of points at diametrical distance, namely,

‖
Λ
(
a
)
−
Λ
(
b
)
‖
=
1

if and only if

‖
a
−
b
‖
=
1

(
a
,
b
∈

S

A

+

)
,

\begin{equation*} \|\Lambda (a) - \Lambda (b)\| =1 \quad \text {if and only if} \quad \|a-b\| = 1 \quad (a,b\in \mathrm {S}_{\mathcal {A}^+}), \end{equation*}

one can still conclude that

A

\mathcal {A}

is complex linear Jordan

∗

^*

-isomorphic to

B

\mathcal {B}

.

On our way, we also show that if there is an order isomorphism

Θ
:

P

A

→

P

B

\Theta :\mathrm {P}_\mathcal {A}\to \mathrm {P}_\mathcal {B}

between the projection lattices of

A

\mathcal {A}

and

B

\mathcal {B}

that preserves pairs of points at diametrical distance, that is,

‖
Θ
(
p
)
−
Θ
(
q
)
‖
=
1

if and only if

‖
p
−
q
‖
=
1

(
p
,
q
∈

P

A

)
,

\begin{equation*} \|\Theta (p) - \Theta (q)\| =1 \quad \text {if and only if} \quad \|p-q\| = 1\quad (p,q\in \mathrm {P}_\mathcal {A}), \end{equation*}

then

A

\mathcal {A}

and

B

\mathcal {B}

are complex linear Jordan

∗

^*

-isomorphic. If, in addition, either

A

\mathcal {A}

has no type

I

2

\mathbf {I}_2

summand, or

Θ
\Theta

is an isometry, then

Θ
\Theta

extends to a complex linear Jordan

∗

^*

-isomorphism from

A

\mathcal {A}

onto

B

\mathcal {B}

.

Actually, the above results are proved in the slightly more general situation that

A

\mathcal {A}

and

B

\mathcal {B}

are

A

W
∗

AW^*

-algebras.
A01 - AHP An Examination of the Opinions of NHS Stakeholders on the Current and Future Role of Physician Associates
Authors: Abdeen Bashar , Millard Alice , Al Soudi Tareq , Issa Eyad , Isherwood John , Dennison Ashley , Garcea Giuseppe 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Globally, healthcare systems are experiencing problems recruiting and retaining healthcare workers. Like many developed countries, in the UK, shortages are exacerbated by rising healthcare costs and models have had to be developed utilising shorter training periods and a generalized skillset. One of the consequences is the development of intermediate-level practitioners including Physician Associates (PAs). By 2024 over 4,000 PAs were working in the NHS, but their myriad roles has meant that integration has been challenging. This study examines the opinions of NHS stakeholders on the current and future roles of PAs and explores approaches to improve their integration.

Method
This cross-sectional study at a single NHS Trust gathered views and experiences regarding PAs through a survey of consultant and junior medical staff (JDs), PAs, and patients. Patients who interacted with a PA within four weeks prior to the period of the survey were randomly selected to avoid recall bias. Surveys, initially generated by doctors and a PA, were tailored, validated by experts, and pilot-tested. Distribution was via Microsoft Forms® and ACCURX® and responses were collected electronically with weekly reminders. Data were analysed using Microsoft Excel® and SPSS®, with qualitative analysis used to identify recurring themes.

Results
Consultants more frequently recognised positive contributions of PAs (p=0.012) although 68.6% noted PA roles were unclear. The PA role had only been explained to 11% of JDs, just 14% fully understood their role and 75% felt PAs might negatively affect their training. Conversely most PAs felt consultants (87.5%) and JDs (81.3%) were aware of their responsibilities. While 62.5% of PAs anticipated career progression, 87.5% were satisfied with training, 56.3% were considering a career change and 75% felt the healthcare climate adversely affected their work. Only 14% of patients fully understood the PA role, but 86% comfortable being seen by them.

Conclusion
This study highlights the positive contributions of PAs and recognition by stakeholders. Integration however remains challenging with concerns regarding JD training, PA career progression, and job satisfaction. The main hurdles remain unclear compounded by myriad PA roles and surveys reveal significant gaps in understanding among JDs and patients. PAs overestimate understanding of their role and education of stakeholders regarding their PA roles is crucial and must involve PAs, managers, consultants, GMC, and Royal Colleges. Local trusts and consultants must define PA roles, ensure career progression, and support JD training to enhance interprofessional relationships, trust, and the quality of patient care.
A03 - BN Long Term Quality of Life Outcomes Following the Surgical Management of Complete Intrathoracic Stomach (CIS)
Authors: Pal Shreya , Divekar Omkaar , Oxenham Matthew , Pangeni Anang , Fernandes Roland , Basu Sanjoy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgery is indicated for symptomatic patients with complete intrathoracic stomach (CIS) to avoid complications (volvulus, obstruction and strangulation) associated with high morbidity. There remains limited evidence of the long-term outcomes and improvement in symptoms from this procedure. Previous large studies have been unable to compare pre-operative symptoms with their post-operative data. Although it appears the procedure has favourable outcomes, further data is required to demonstrate a significant improvement in quality of life (QoL). We therefore aim to assess the long-term outcomes, including changes to QoL and satisfaction, for patients who underwent laparoscopic biological hiatal mesh reconstruction for CIS (100%).

Method
Prospective data was collected from 154 consecutive GPEH (Giant Hiatus Hernia) patients intervened between March 2008- December 2023 in a large DGH. Retrospective analysis of this identified a subgroup of 34 patients with CIS. All patients underwent a laparoscopic repair with biological mesh, apart from one patient who underwent gastropexy.
Outcome measures included both pre-operative and post-operative standardised GERD-Health Related Quality of Life Questionnaire (GERD-QOL) scores; complications; and patient satisfaction.

Results
Thirty-four patients were included (11 male:23 female) with a mean age 72 (45-83) years. All patients were symptomatic pre-operatively with heartburn (59%), dysphagia (59%), retrosternal discomfort (53%), vomiting (41%), weight loss (41%) or shortness of breath (35%). There were 4 (12%) complications and 3 (9%) 30-day mortalities. Follow up GERD-QOL questionnaires displayed 32/34 (94%) excellent scores (defined as total &lt;5) at 6 months and 15/21 (71%) excellent scores after a median follow up of 8.5 years (72% response rate, 2 further mortalities). This demonstrated a significant improvement in scores following the procedure and long term (p&lt;0.001). Nineteen patients (90%) were satisfied with the procedure after long term follow up (median 8.5 years).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic repair of complete intrathoracic stomach in this large single-centre study has demonstrated a significant improvement in symptoms and satisfaction over a median 8.5 year follow-up.
OGC O01 - Stomach Cancer Elective Surgery Morbidity and Mortality at 90-Days (HOLD Study): A Prospective, International Collaborative Cohort Study
Authors: Neves-Marques Claudia , Abouelazayem Mohamed , Gupte Anaya , Mun Wong Geoffrey Yuet , Vish Y K S , Boddy Alex , Donohue Claire , Maldonado Ricardo David , Scarano Juan Pablo , Martinino Alessandro , Aamery Amaar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Data on multinational 90-day mortality and morbidity rates after surgery for gastric cancer is limited in the literature. This study aimed to understand the 90-day mortality and morbidity outcomes according to GASTRODATA Registry for elective gastric cancer surgery patients and identify risk factors.

Method
We conducted an international prospective study on ≥18 years patients undergoing elective surgery for gastric cancer with curative intent from 01 April 2022 to 30 September 2022. Known metastatic disease, concurrent secondary cancers, gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) and Siewert type I/II oesophagogastric junction malignancies were excluded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify variables associated to 90-day outcome.

Results
380 collaborators from 47 countries submitted data on 1538 patients. Mean age was 64.2 years and 58.5% were males. 90-day morbidity rate was 38.2% (n=587) and mortality rate was 2.9% (n=45).
Pre-operative higher CCI or ASA score, pre-operative weight loss &gt;10%, and surgical determinants such as type of gastric resection, positive specimen margin, number of harvested lymph nodes, longer surgery duration and post operative pathological IV staging (p value&lt;0.05) were identified as predictors of postoperative severe complications and mortality.

Conclusion
Elective gastric cancer surgery has a 90-day morbidity of 38.2% and 90-day mortality of 2.9%, globally. This study identified several factors associated with higher morbidity and exemplified the importance of a unified language on surgical morbidity, pre-habilitation and ongoing audits to enhance patient outcomes.
OGC O05 - Utilising patient derived organoids to predict the response to treatment in gastric cancer
Authors: Alam Mushfique , Duckworth Carrie , Howes Nathan , Stephens Nathan , Pritchard Mark 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Gastric adenocarcinoma remains a significant global health burden. For advanced disease, treatment remains multi-modal with neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by resectional surgery. Although the FLOT4-AIO trial has established the regimen of 5-fluorauracil, Leucovorin, Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel (FLOT) as the gold standard, some patients demonstrate a poor or no response to treatment, resulting in adverse oncological outcomes. Currently there are no accurate biomarkers to assess or predict the treatment response to neoadjuvant therapy. This study aims to explore the potential of patient-derived organoids as a predictive model to assess the treatment response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Method
Patient derived organoids are a novel, 3 dimensional in-vitro model which recapitulates the different cells that constitute the tissue of origin. From June 2023 to June 2024, 25 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma, were recruited for tissue acquisition for organoid generation. Endoscopic biopsies of cancer tissue taken during OGD and staging laparoscopy were used to generate organoids from each patient. Organoids were subsequently expanded to a sufficient volume to allow cytotoxicity assays in response to different doses of the FLOT regimen. The organoid cytotoxicity response was compared to the patients radiological and pathological response following treatment.

Results
Organoids were successfully generated from 76% of recruited patients (n=19). Of these, 4 patients and were excluded due to being unfit for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, whilst 2 were excluded due to the confirmation of metastatic disease, precluding neoadjuvant treatment. Finally a single patient was excluded due to mortality during neoadjuvant treatment. Of the remaining organoids, 5 were subjected to FLOT treatment within 2 weeks of tissue acquisition. Organoids demonstrated unique dose response profiles following with statistically significant differences in the IC50 values (p =0.048). The organoid responses corresponded to the clinical responses demonstrated by the patient they were derived from.

Conclusion
In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of patient-derived cancer organoids as a predictive model for assessing the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in gastric adenocarcinoma. The generation of organoids from a significant proportion of patients and the subsequent drug response testing within 2 weeks of tissue acquisition suggests this novel method has the potential to become a valuable tool for predicting patient-specific responses and guiding personalised treatment plans. As such, further research is warranted to further assess the validity of this model, refine the existing techniques and explore its potential integration into clinical practice.
HPB O01 - Colonization of bile with gammaproteobacteria reduces survival after surgery for pancreatic cancer in patients receiving gemcitabine-based adjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Terry Charlotte , Halle-Smith James , Sutcliffe Robert , Marudanayagam Ravi , Chatzizacharias Nikolaos , Dasari Bobby , Bartlett David , Raza Syed , Roberts Keith 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Evidence suggests that the biliary microbiome influences the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy. Specifically, Gammaproteobacteria (GPB) has been shown to have the potential to develop mutations which can metabolise gemcitabine into an inactive form. This study hypothesised that GPB influences survival in patients with PDAC undergoing adjuvant gemcitabine-based chemotherapy following surgery.

Method
This was a retrospective study of patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy from 2010 to 2020. Associations between patient and tumour characteristics, survival data, and results of intraoperative bile cultures (GPB+ or GPB-) were investigated. Analysis of patients matched by chemotherapy regimen and numbers of cycles of adjuvant therapy was also performed. Survival was analysed using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression analysis.

Results
Analysis of 359 patients revealed that adjuvant gemcitabine-based therapy improved overall survival (OS). Patients who receive gemcitabine-based chemotherapy with a GPB+ biliary culture had a shorter OS compared to those who were GPB-, and a median survival of 17.9 vs 26.1 months, P=0.006. After matching for key chemotherapy variables, survival was greater in the GPB- group 26.8 vs 19.8, P=0.016. This association was not seen among patients who received no adjuvant therapy or non-gemcitabine based therapy.

Conclusion
Patients receiving gemcitabine-based chemotherapy after surgery are likely to have reduction in OS if they have a biliary culture positive for GPB.
HPB O04 - Human Splenic Ex-Vivo Perfusion Model: A Platform for Translational Basic Science Research
Authors: saoudi Tareq Al , Alnabati Neama , Chung WenYuan , Schilcher Katrin , Robertson Francis , Issa Eyad , Isherwood John , Malde Deep , Garcea Giuseppe , Oggioni Marco R , Dennison Ashley 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The function of the spleen has always been shrouded in mystery and since the Renaissance leading figures have attempted to understand its function. Vesalius questioned Galen and Marcello Malpighi (1628-1694) gave the first accurate description of the histology and the physiology. The spleen still poses unique challenges as invasive approaches may produce intraperitoneal bleeding, differences between human and animal spleens complicates comparative studies, and post-mortem examinations reveal only late-stage disease manifestations and functional studies are impossible. This study describes a human splenic ex-vivo perfusion model for translational research, using microbiological studies as markers of splenic physiological function.

Method
Patients with left-sided pancreatic cancers scheduled for distal pancreatic and splenic resection were identified from the Hepato-Pancreatic and Biliary MDT at the University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust. Patients were informed, consented, and the surgical approach remained standard, with splenic artery ligation deferred until specimen extraction. The artery was cannulated, and residual blood clots were cleared with Custodiol® HTK solution. The perfusion technique employs an extracorporeal circuit incorporateing anoxygenator and a heated water chamber maintaining a 37°C perfusate. The perfused spleen was infected with Streptococcus Pneumoniae strains, with regular biopsies and perfusate gas analysis performed.

Results
Since February 2023, nine spleens have been successfully perfused, with an average weight of 169.5 grams, cold ischemic time of 116 minutes, and warm ischemic time of 12.2 minutes. Pressure was maintained at 80 mmHg and hourly perfusate gas analysis demonstrated a mean pH of 7.1 and a gradual increase in lactate. Histopathological examination revealed clear distinctions between the lymphoid tissue and splenic red pulp, with intact central arterioles and healthy cell morphology at time 0 and after 6 hours of perfusion. Additionally, the perfused spleens cleared S. pneumoniae strains to below-detection levels.

Conclusion
Our work demonstrates that a stable human splenic ex-vivoperfusion model which maintains structural and physiological integrity can be achieved from tissue that would otherwise be discarded. The continued physiological function is confirmed by the clearance of S. pneumoniae. While currently employed for microbiological studies, this model has the potential to facilitate a wide range of different translational science studieswhile reducing the need for animal experimentation. The perfusion times employed for the present study were sufficient to demonstrate bacterial clearance which was the aim but there is capacity in the system to significantly prolong the duration.
MS O06 - HPB The ORDEAL Study: A National Survey of Surgeon Operative Preferences for Resection of Duodenal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kowsik Mukunth , Horne Sophie , Pandé Rupaly , Chatzizacharias Nikolaos 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA) accounts for over 50% of all small bowel adenocarcinomas, however there is a paucity of data on outcomes, no UK guidelines for surgical management, and current national standards of practice are unknown. There is ongoing debate whether long-term survival, perioperative outcomes, resection margin, and lymph node yield differ between pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD) and classical PD (cPD) in proximal DA (D1/D2), and between PD and limited resection (LR) in distal DA (D3/D4). The study aimed to discern current standards of practice and identify underlying reasons for operative preferences for proximal and distal DA.

Method
An anonymised survey was included as part of the registration form for a wider multicentre retrospective study looking at outcomes following resection for proximal and distal DA on Google Forms®. The survey was distributed via direct surgeon email correspondence, weekly newsletters and surgical society endorsement by PSGBI. Responses were collected between February-June 2024 and responses were analysed with quantitative and qualitative (inductive thematic analysis) methods.

Results
Responses were received from 61 surgeons across 27 centres. For proximal DA, surgeons are more likely to consider a classical Whipple’s (93.4%) compared to PPPD (29.5%). For distal DA, surgeons are equally likely to consider LR (73.8%) as PD (classical Whipple’s -37.7%, PPPD - 41%). These preferences have mostly remained consistent over time. Key themes identified from thematic analysis included oncological considerations, morbidity, surgeon preference, tumour characteristics, standards of practice, patient factors and anatomical considerations, with the former two themes being the most prominent.

Conclusion
For proximal DA, cPD is preferred over PPPD and for distal DA, LR and PD are equally considered, with oncological and morbidity considerations largely influencing decision making. This qualitative data will be compared to actual practice following completion of the wider ORDEAL study to identify discrepancies in practice and possible effect on patient outcomes.