bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Correlations in Predicting Portfolio Returns*
Authors: Wang Nianling , Zhang Lijie , Huang Zhuo , Li Yong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRigorous statistical tests have been designed to detect the existence of asymmetric correlations. However, these tests can hardly further facilitate future investment or risk management because asymmetric correlations are time‐varying and difficult to predict. In this paper, we construct a unified state‐space model, which not only measures in‐sample asymmetric correlations, but also exploit out‐of‐sample asymmetric correlations in the context of predicting portfolio returns. First, we regard time‐varying correlation between market returns and portfolio returns as a state variable and model it as an AR(1) process. Then, we measure future asymmetric correlations based on correlation coefficients between two unpredictable components in market returns and correlation, respectively. Third, we clarify the intuition, calculate asymmetric correlations for two portfolio sets and estimate the economic value of applying our model in asset allocation. Finally, we try to search for potential variables that can explain future asymmetric correlations. The results show that market‐wide liquidity, variance, earning price ratio, and investor sentiment can partially explain the asymmetry correlation phenomenon.
Healthcare professionals’ queries on oseltamivir and influenza in Finland 2011‐2016—Can we detect influenza epidemics with specific online searches?
Authors: Pesälä Samuli , Virtanen Mikko J. , Mukka Milla , Ylilammi Kimi , Mustonen Pekka , Kaila Minna , Helve Otto 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundHealthcare professionals (HCPs) search medical information during their clinical work using Internet sources. In Finland, Physician's Databases (PD) serve as an Internet medical portal aimed at HCPs. Influenza epidemics appear seasonal outbreaks causing public health concern. Oseltamivir can be used to treat influenza. Little is known about HCPs’ queries on oseltamivir and influenza from dedicated online medical portals and whether queries could be used as an additional source of information for disease surveillance when detecting influenza epidemics.MethodsWe compared HCPs’ queries on oseltamivir and influenza from PD to influenza diagnoses from the primary healthcare register in Finland 2011‐2016. The Moving Epidemic Method (MEM) calculated the starts of influenza epidemics. Laboratory reports of influenza A and influenza B were assessed. Paired differences compared queries, diagnoses, and laboratory reports by using starting weeks. Kendall's correlation test assessed the season‐to‐season similarity.ResultsWe found that PD and the primary healthcare register showed visually similar patterns annually. Paired differences in the mean showed that influenza epidemics based on queries on oseltamivir started earlier than epidemics based on diagnoses by −0.80 weeks (95% CI: −1.0, 0.0) with high correlation (τ = 0.943). Queries on influenza preceded queries on oseltamivir by −0.80 weeks (95% CI: −1.2, 0.0) and diagnoses by −1.60 weeks (95% CI: −1.8, −1.0).ConclusionsHCPs’ queries on oseltamivir and influenza from Internet medical databases correlated with register diagnoses of influenza. Therefore, they should be considered as a supplementary source of information for disease surveillance when detecting influenza epidemics.
Substance use among individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning in residential care: Examining the relationship between drinking motives and substance use
Authors: Schijven Esmée P. , Didden Robert , Otten Roy , Poelen Evelien A. P. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the relationship between substance use motives (i.e., social, conformity, coping and enhancement) and substance use in individuals with mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning (MID‐BIF).MethodData were collected among 163 clients with MID‐BIF using interactive questionnaires with visual cues on a tablet with a web application.ResultsResults show that social motives were positively related to frequency of alcohol use, while conformity, coping and enhancement motives were positively related to severity of alcohol use. Results for drug use show that social motives were positively related to frequency of cannabis and hard drug use and that conformity motives were negatively related to frequency of cannabis use. Coping motives were positively related to severity of drug use.ConclusionsInsight in substance use motives should be used when adapting interventions, as it could contribute to the prevention and reduction of substance use disorders in individuals with MID‐BIF.
Papillary muscle ventricular arrhythmias in patients with arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse: Electrophysiologic substrate and catheter ablation outcomes
Authors: Enriquez Andres , Shirai Yasuhiro , Huang Jason , Liang Jackson , Briceño David , Hayashi Tatsuya , Muser Daniele , Fulton Brian , Han Yuchi , Perez Armando , Frankel David S. , Schaller Robert , Supple Gregory , Callans David , Marchlinski Francis , Garcia Fermin , Santangeli Pasquale 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMitral valve prolapse (MVP) is a common valve condition and has been associated with sudden cardiac death. Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) from the papillary muscles (PMs) may play a role as triggers for ventricular fibrillation (VF) in these patients.ObjectivesTo characterize the electrophysiological substrate and outcomes of catheter ablation in patients with MVP and PM PVCs.MethodsOf 597 patients undergoing ablation of ventricular arrhythmias during the period 2012‐2015, we identified 25 patients with MVP and PVCs mapped to the PMs (64% female). PVC‐triggered VF was the presentation in 4 patients and a fifth patient died suddenly during follow‐up. The left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) was 50.5% ± 11.8% and PVC burden was 24.4% ± 13.1%. A cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed in nine cases and areas of late gadolinium enhancement were found in four of them. A detailed LV voltage map was performed in 11 patients, three of which exhibited bipolar voltage abnormalities. Complete PVC elimination was achieved in 19 (76%) patients and a significant reduction in PVC burden was observed in two (8%). In patients in which the ablation was successful, the PVC burden decreased from 20.4% ± 10.8% to 6.3% ± 9.5% (P = 0.001). In 5/6 patients with depressed LVEF and successful ablation, the LV function improved postablation. No significant differences were identified between patients with and without VF.ConclusionsPM PVCs are a source of VF in patients with MVP and can induce PVC‐mediated cardiomyopathy that reverses after PVC suppression. Catheter ablation is highly successful with more than 80% PVC elimination or burden reduction.
Prevalence and Genotyping of Microsporidian Parasites in Dogs in Turkey: Zoonotic Concerns
Authors: Duzlu Onder , Yildirim Alparslan , Onder Zuhal , Ciloglu Arif , Yetismis Gamze , Inci Abdullah 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicrosporidia are opportunistic pathogens that infect a wide range of invertebrates and vertebrates. To assess the potential role of dogs in the transmission of these zoonotic pathogens, a total of 282 fecal samples from dogs in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey were analyzed by utilizing species specific polymerase chain reaction for the four most frequent human microsporidia. Two microsporidia species were recognized in 41 samples (14.5%). Encephalitozoon intestinalis was detected in 35 samples (12.4%) and it was the most common microsporidium. The second microsporidium, E. cuniculi, was identified in six (2.1%) of the samples. Sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer of the ribosomal ribonucleic acid (RNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene revealed the presence of three E. intestinalis haplotypes closely associated with each other. No polymorphic region was found among the ITS sequences of E. cuniculi isolates and they were characterized as genotype III. This study provides the first data on the zoonotic microsporidia species from dogs in Turkey.
Government institutions and the dynamics of urban growth in China
Authors: Rodríguez‐Pose Andrés , Zhang Min 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEconomic growth in China in recent decades has largely rested on the dynamism of its cities. High economic growth has coincided with measures aimed at improving the efficiency of local governments and with a mounting political drive to curb corruption. Yet the connection between government institutions and urban growth in China remains poorly understood. This paper is the first to look into the link between government efficiency and corruption, on the one hand, and urban growth in China, on the other hand and to assess what is the role of institutions relative to more traditional factors for economic growth in Chinese cities. Using panel data for 283 cities over the period between 2003 and 2014, the results show that the urban growth in China is a consequence of a combination of favorable human capital, innovation, density, local conditions, foreign direct investment, and city‐level government institutions. Both government quality—especially for those cities with the best governments—and the fight against corruption at the city level have a direct effect on urban growth. Measures to tackle corruption at the provincial level matter in a more indirect way, by raising or lowering the returns of other growth‐inducing factors.
Effect of Sociodemographics, Health‐Related Problems, and Family Structure on Chronic Absenteeism Among Children
Authors: Lim Eunjung , Davis James , Choi So Yung , Chen John J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFrom 5 to 7.5 million schoolchildren are chronically absent, defined as missing ≥15 days of school within a year. Students miss schools due to various reasons such as health, socioeconomic status, and environmental factors. We examined child's health and behavior, family structure, and sociodemographics to understand chronic absenteeism.METHODSThe population included children ages 6 to 17 years from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey years 2008‐2013. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify the risk factors of chronic absenteeism, adjusting for the complex sampling design.RESULTSAmong sociodemographic variables, age ≥14 years, race/ethnicity, lower‐income family, public health insurance, US born, and speaking English at home were associated with absenteeism. Asians, Mexican Hispanics, and blacks have lower absenteeism than whites. Among health‐related variables, children using an inhaler for asthma, having behavioral problems, and less healthy than other children were more likely to be chronically absent. Among family variables, a smaller family size was a risk factor for absenteeism.CONCLUSIONSAsthma and behavioral problems were highly associated with chronic absenteeism. The identification of children at risk for chronic absenteeism will help the educational professionals identify the barriers to academic achievements and develop integrated educational interventions and policies to support disadvantaged children.
The Impact of School Bullying on Physical Activity in Overweight Youth: Exploring Race and Ethnic Differences
Authors: Pulido Ryne , Banks Courtney , Ragan Kelsey , Pang Dorothy , Blake Jamilia J. , McKyer E. Lisako 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAbout one third of youth in the United States are overweight or obese and African American youth are at an increased risk for pediatric overweight and obesity as well as their complications. Physical activity has been identified as one determinant of overweight and obesity, and school bullying has been found to be associated with decreased physical activity. Guided by the Transactional Stress and Coping Model, this study examines how school bullying might impact the physical activity of white and African American healthy weight and overweight youth.METHODSExisting, nationally representative, and complex survey data (N = 4509) from the 2005–2006 United States Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children (HBSC) were analyzed using multiple group structural equation modeling to evaluate study questions.RESULTSSupport for the hypothesized model was found such that bullying negatively impacted physical activity by way of increasing internalizing symptoms. Possible evidence for parental support, but not peer support, as a protective factor was also found. Results were generally similar for all groups, though some differences are discussed.CONCLUSIONSchool bullying is a risk factor for reduced physical activity, regardless of race‐ethnicity and weight. Implications for school health professionals are discussed.
Bargaining foundation for ratio equilibrium in public‐good economies
Authors: van den Nouweland Anne , Rusinowska Agnieszka 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe provide a bargaining foundation for the concept of ratio equilibrium in public‐good economies. We define a bargaining game of alternating offers, in which players bargain to determine their cost shares of public‐good production and a level of public good. We study the stationary subgame perfect equilibrium (SSPE) without delay of the bargaining game. We demonstrate that when the players are perfectly patient, they are indifferent between the equilibrium offers of all players. We also show that every SSPE without delay in which the ratios offered by all players are the same leads to a ratio equilibrium. In addition, we demonstrate that all equilibrium ratios are offered by the players at some SSPE without delay. We use these results to discuss the case when the assumption of perfectly patient players is relaxed and the cost of delay vanishes.
Evaluation of liposome toll‐like receptor ligand complexes for non‐specific mucosal immunoprotection from feline herpesvirus‐1 infection
Authors: Contreras Elena T. , Olea‐Popelka Francisco , Wheat William , Dow Steven , Hawley Jennifer , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundFeline herpesvirus‐1 (FHV‐1) infection can result in serious morbidity and mortality, especially in kittens. Immunotherapy using liposome‐toll‐like receptor (TLR) ligand complexes (LTC) has been shown to activate innate immune responses.ObjectivesTo determine in kittens whether mucosal administration of LTC before FHV‐1 inoculation would decrease severity of clinical signs and decrease quantities of FHV‐1 DNA in materials collected on oropharyngeal swabs.AnimalsNineteen, 14‐week‐old, purpose‐bred kittens.MethodsPilot clinical trial with 2 groups of kittens allocated to either an LTC or control group. The LTC were administered into both nares and the oropharynx of the 12 LTC group kittens, and all 19 kittens were inoculated with FHV‐1 24 hours later. Clinical scores were determined daily for 28 days, and oropharyngeal mucosal materials were collected every 7 days to assess FHV‐1 DNA quantities for comparison between groups.ResultsConjunctivitis was more common in kittens in the control group on Days 15‐28 (P = .01) and Days 1‐28 (P = .02). Total respiratory scores were higher in the LTC group on days 15‐28 (P = .03). The LTC group had significantly decreased FHV‐1 DNA on swabs when compared to the control group on some postinoculation days, using 2 methods of calculation.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAdministration of LTC to kittens was shown to decrease FHV‐1 DNA and some manifestations of illness in kittens when administrated 24 hours before inoculation, suggesting clinical benefit.
Caste‐ and pesticide‐specific effects of neonicotinoid pesticide exposure on gene expression in bumblebees
Authors: Colgan Thomas J. , Fletcher Isabel K. , Arce Andres N. , Gill Richard J. , Ramos Rodrigues Ana , Stolle Eckart , Chittka Lars , Wurm Yannick 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSocial bees are important insect pollinators of wildflowers and agricultural crops, making their reported declines a global concern. A major factor implicated in these declines is the widespread use of neonicotinoid pesticides. Indeed, recent research has demonstrated that exposure to low doses of these neurotoxic pesticides impairs bee behaviours important for colony function and survival. However, our understanding of the molecular‐genetic pathways that lead to such effects is limited, as is our knowledge of how effects may differ between colony members. To understand what genes and pathways are affected by exposure of bumblebee workers and queens to neonicotinoid pesticides, we implemented a transcriptome‐wide gene expression study. We chronically exposed Bombus terrestriscolonies to either clothianidin or imidacloprid at field‐realistic concentrations while controlling for factors including colony social environment and worker age. We reveal that genes involved in important biological processes including mitochondrial function are differentially expressed in response to neonicotinoid exposure. Additionally, clothianidin exposure had stronger effects on gene expression amplitude and alternative splicing than imidacloprid. Finally, exposure affected workers more strongly than queens. Our work demonstrates how RNA‐Seq transcriptome profiling can provide detailed novel insight on the mechanisms mediating pesticide toxicity to a key insect pollinator.
Beta2‐adrenergic receptor in kidney biology: A current prospective
Authors: Arif Ehtesham , Nihalani Deepak 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTBeta2‐adrenergic receptor (β2‐AR) is a G‐protein‐coupled adrenergic receptor family member, whose clinical significance has been extensively investigated in lung, cardiovascular and muscular diseases, but its role in kidney biology remains understudied. In this review, we discuss some of the recent studies, where the effect of agonist/antagonist‐mediated activation/inhibition of β2‐AR on disease pathogenesis process was studied, and highlighted the role of β2‐AR in kidney biology. The expression of β2‐AR has been noted in many kidney subunits including proximal tubules, glomeruli and podocytes. In vivo studies have shown that in cultured proximal tubules β2‐AR is involved in Na‐ATPase activity and transcellular Na‐transport through protein kinase‐C activation; whereas in cultured podocytes, it was associated with depolarization of the membrane. The animal studies further revealed that β2‐AR activation by short‐acting β2 agonists attenuated monocyte activation, pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic responses through β‐arrestin2 dependent NF‐kB inactivation in diabetic kidney disease; in contrast, activation by long‐acting β2 agonists restored mitochondrial and renal function in the acute kidney injury mice models through PGC‐1α dependent mitochondrial biogenesis. In conclusion, the activation of β2‐AR may present a rapidly developing therapeutic target for renal diseases.
UV‐Vis Spectroscopy Reveals a Correlation Between Y263 and BV Protonation States in Bacteriophytochromes
Authors: Rumfeldt Jessica A. , Takala Heikki , Liukkonen Alli , Ihalainen Janne A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRed‐light photosensory proteins, phytochromes, link light activation to biological functions by interconverting between two conformational states. For this, they undergo large‐scale secondary and tertiary changes which follow small‐scale Z to E bond photoisomerization of the covalently bound bilin chromophore. The complex network of amino acid interactions in the chromophore‐binding pocket plays a central role in this process. Highly conserved Y263 and H290 have been found to be important for the photoconversion yield, while H260 has been identified as important for bilin protonation and proton transfer steps. Here, we focus on the roles these amino acids are playing in preserving the chemical properties of bilin in the resting Pr state of the photosensory unit of a bacteriophytochrome from Deinococcus radiodurans. By using pH‐dependent UV‐Vis spectroscopy and spectral decomposition modeling, we confirm the importance of H260 for biliverdin protonation. Further, we demonstrate that in the canonical bacteriophytochromes, the pKa value of the phenol group of the Y263 is uncommonly low. This directly influences the protonation of the bilin molecule and likely the functional properties of the protein. Our study expands the understanding of the tight interplay between the nearby amino acids and bilin in the phytochrome family.
Microgeographic variation in recruitment under adult trees: arrival of new genotypes or perpetuation of the existing ones?
Authors: Castilla A. R. , Godoy J. A. , Delibes M. , Rodriguez‐Prieto A. , Fedriani J. M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Investigating spatial variation in the relative importance of sexual reproduction and clonal propagation is critical to obtain more accurate estimates of future effective population sizes and genetic diversity, as well as to identify ecological correlates of clonality.

We combined a stratified sampling scheme with microsatellite genetic analyses to estimate variation in the proportion of sexual versus clonal recruits among saplings in five populations of the tree Pyrus bourgaeana. Using a likelihood framework, we identified clones among the genotypes analysed and examined variation among populations regarding the proportion of saplings coming from clonal propagation. We also examined the relationship between the relative abundance of clonal shoots across the studied populations and their herbivory levels.

Our results revealed that one third of the saplings examined (N = 225 saplings) had a probability above 0.9 of being clones of nearby (<10 m) trees, with the ratio between clonal propagation and sexual recruitment varying up to eight‐fold among populations. A small portion of these putative clonal shoots reached sexual maturity. Relative abundance of clonal shoots did not significantly relate to the herbivory by ungulates.

Our results call into question optimistic expectations of previous studies reporting sufficient levels of recruitment under parental trees without animal seed dispersal services. Nevertheless, given that some of these clonal shoots reach sexual maturity, clonal propagation can ultimately facilitate the long‐term persistence of populations during adverse periods (e.g. environmental stress, impoverished pollinator communities, seed dispersal limitation).
Toward a Noninferentialist, Nonreliabilist Account of Perceptual Justification
Authors: Roth Martin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhile it may be a datum of common sense that perceptual experiences can justify beliefs, there is no clear consensus about how they can do so. According to what I call “inferentialism,” perceptual experiences can justify beliefs because perceptual experiences have propositional contents and thus can serve as reasons for belief. A critical commitment of inferentialism is that justification requires the obtaining of a nonarbitrary or nonaccidental semantic relation between justifier and justified, a requirement that I call semantic appropriateness (SA). By contrast, reliabilists reject SA and argue that perceptual experiences can justify beliefs because perceptual experiences are part of a reliable belief‐forming process. In this paper, I explore whether a commitment to SA inevitably leads to a commitment to inferentialism. This exploration is largely motivated by doubts over whether perceptual experiences have propositional contents. If those doubts prove to be well‐founded, then it seems either that perceptual experiences cannot justify beliefs or that some form of reliabilism is true. I argue that although we should take the doubts seriously, there is a way to make sense of SA that does not require inferentialism.