bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Essential oil composition and antioxidant, anticancer activities of Rhodiola rosea L. grown in Mongolia
Authors: J Irekhbayar , S Shatar , Sh Altantsetseg 
Published: May 2019

Essential oil plants have been used for a long time in traditional medicine. Rhodiola rosea L., also called “roseroot”, is a common member of the family Crassulaceae, known as one of the most important popular medicinal plants in the northern region of Europe. The roots of R.rosea possess a wide range of pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects that are because of the presence of different phytochemicals such as phenols and flavonoids. The chemical composition of essential oil from R.rosea was determined by GC/MS analysis. The essential oil of R.rosea mainly consists of oxygenated monoterpenes (83.38 %). The chief components of the oil were geraniol (25.93 %), myr-tenol (14.94 %), octanol (13.71 %) and (E)-pinocarveol (11.07 %).Antioxidant activity of ethanol extract (root) was evaluated by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine) radical scavenging assay with an IC50 value of 5.84 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity was measured using the MTT assay. The ethanol extract of R.rosea pre-sented toxic activity against A-431 (51.80%) human epidermoid carcinoma cell line.
Монгол орны Ягаан мүгэз (Rhodiola rosea L.) ургамлын эфирийн тосны химийн бүрэлдэхүүн, исэлдэлт ба хавдрын эсрэг идэвхийн судалгаа
Хураангуй: Эфирийн тост ургамлууд нь уламжлалт анагаах ухаанд олон зууны турш хэрэглэгдсээр ирсэн. Ягаан мүгэз (Rhodiola rosea L. – Алтан хөлт, Алтан гагнуур) ургамал нь Зузаалайн овгийн ургамал бөгөөд Европын хойт бүсийн нутагт хамгийн чухал эмийн ургамалд тооцогддог. Ягаан мүгэз ургамлын үндэс нь исэлдэлт, үрэвсэл болон хавдрын эсрэг зэрэг фармакологийн идэвхтэй бөгөөд фенол ба флавоноид зэрэг нэгдлүүд нь зүрх судас болон мэдрэлийн системийн үйл ажиллагааг хамгаалах үйлчлэлтэй. Ягаан мүгэз ургамлын эфирийн тосны химийн найрлагыг хийн хроматограф-масс спектроскопийн аргаар тодорхойлоход монотерпеноидууд (83.3%) ихэнх хэсгийг эзэлж байв. Үүнээс гераниол (25.93%), миртенол (14.94%), октанол (13.71%) ба (E)-пинокарвеол (11.07%) зэрэг нь голлох нэгдлүүд байв. Исэлдэлтийн эсрэг идэвхийг DPPH (1,1-дифенил-2-пикрилгидразин) аргаар судлахад чөлөөт радикалыг дарангуйлах IC50 5.84 μг/мл байгаа нь тогтоогдов. Хорт хавдрын эсийн ургалтыг дарангуйлах идэвхийг МТТ аргаар тодорхойлоход Ягаан мүгэз ургамлын үндэсний этанолын ханд хүний ходоодны хорт хавдрын эс А-431эсийн ургалтыг илүү сайн (51.80%) дарангуйлж байв.
Түлхүүр үгс: Алтан гагнуур, эфирийн тос, исэлдэлт ба хавдрын эсрэг идэвх
Electrochemical measurements of ascorbic acid based on graphite screen printed electrode modified with La3+/Co3O4 nanocubes transducer
Authors: Aflatoonian Mohammad Reza , Tajik Somayeh , Aflatoonian Behnaz , Beitollahi Hadi 
Published: May 2019

Electrochemical characterization of ascorbic acid oxidation on a graphite screen printed electrode (SPE) modified with La3+/Co3O4nanocubes is performed by applying cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CHA), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Synthesized La3+/Co3O4nanocubes for SPE modification, La3+/Co3O4/SPE, enhance the ascorbic acid electrooxidation kinetics by reducing the anodic overpotential. Excellent La3+/Co3O4/SPE electrochemical properties provide sensitive ascorbic acid voltammetric determination with low detection limit, good stability and quick response towards electrooxidation of ascorbic acid as compared to bare SPE. Under optimized conditions, DPV current demonstrates a linear response for ascorbic acid over a concentration range of 1.0 to 900.0 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997, and detection limit (LOD) (S/N = 3) = 0.3 mM. The proposed procedure offers a potential application for producing the sensor with good repeatability. Also, fast response of fabricated sensor can allow a real-time analysis of real samples.
Improving leg health in broiler chickens: a systematic review of the effect of environmental enrichment
Authors: Pedersen IJ , Forkman B 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLeg problems are highly prevalent in modern broiler production and provision of environmental enrichment could be a strategy to improve leg health. Different types of environmental enrichment have undergone evaluation. Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of the effect of environmental enrichment on leg health in broiler chickens. The evaluation of leg health included measures of the entire leg and foot, and behavioural, pathological and physical measures. Six types of environmental enrichment were selected for inclusion: light programme, intensity of light, stocking density, perches, straw bales and separation of resources. For each type, a systematic literature search was performed. The review included 62 studies; 56 randomised trials and six cross-sectional studies. An assessment of the methodological quality of all 56 randomised trials was performed with some reporting deficits regarding occurrence of blinding, randomisation and reliability of measures. Provision of perches and increased intensity of light only displayed limited effectiveness in improving leg health and both mainly affected contact dermatitis. In contrast, there was evidence that a lowered stocking density and a dark/light schedule could improve leg health. Few studies have been carried out on the effect of straw bales and separation of resources. The few studies done have, however, shown that both types of enrichment can be effective in improving leg health. In conclusion, identifying and providing the optimal types of enrichment for broilers will reduce leg problems and increase mobility, thereby improving the welfare of the birds.
Metacommunity patterns of Amazonian Odonata: the role of environmental gradients and major rivers
Authors: Alves-Martins Fernanda , Brasil Leandro Schlemmer , Juen Leandro , De Marco Jr Paulo , Stropp Juliana , Hortal Joaquín 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundWe identified and classified damselfly (Zygoptera) and dragonfly (Anisoptera) metacommunities in Brazilian Amazonia, relating species distribution patterns to known biological gradients and biogeographical history. We expected a random distribution of both Zygoptera and Anisoptera within interfluves. At the Amazonian scale, we expected Anisoptera metacommunities to be randomly distributed due to their higher dispersal ability and large environmental tolerance. In contrast, we expected Zygoptera communities to exhibit a Clementsian pattern, limited by the large Amazonia rivers due to their low dispersal ability.MethodsWe used a dataset of 58 first-to-third order well-sampled streamlets in four Amazonian interfluves and applied an extension of the Elements of Metacommunity Structure (EMS) framework, in which we order Zygoptera and Anisoptera metacommunities by known spatial and biogeographic predictors.ResultsAt the Amazonian scale, both Zygoptera and Anisoptera presented a Clementsian pattern, driven by the same environmental and biogeographical predictors, namely biogeographic region (interfluve), annual mean temperature, habitat integrity and annual precipitation. At the interfluve scale, results were less consistent and only partially support our hypothesis. Zygoptera metacommunities at Guiana and Anisoptera metacommunities at Tapajós were classified as random, suggesting that neutral processes gain importance at smaller spatial scales.DiscussionOur findings were consistent with previous studies showing that environmental gradients and major rivers limit the distribution of Odonata communities, supporting that larger Amazonian rivers act as barriers for the dispersal of this group. In addition, the importance of habitat integrity indicates that intactness of riparian vegetation is an important filter shaping metacommunity structure of Amazonian stream Odonata.
Anaemia in Pregnancy at Booking: Prevalence and Risk Factors among Antenatal Attendees in a Southern Nigeria General Hospital
Authors: Iyanam Victory E. , Idung Alphonsus U. , Jombo Henry E. , Udonwa Ndifreke E. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Despite the fact that anaemia is a preventable morbidity in most cases, its prevalence among pregnant women is still unacceptably high especially in rural and sub-urban settings. This is worrisome considering the enormous contribution of anaemia to maternal and infant morbidity and mortality.
Objective: This study aimed at determining the prevalence of anaemia at booking, identifying and describing its risk factors among pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic of General Hospital, Etinan, a sub-urban area in Akwa Ibom State, South-South Nigeria.
Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study involving 375 pregnant women seen at the antenatal (booking) clinic of General Hospital, Etinan, between April and October 2018, recruited through non-probability consecutive sampling technique. A pretested semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demographic, family and nutritional characteristics and obstetric and medical history of the respondents. Blood sample of each respondent was obtained from the median cubital vein, analysed with haemoglobinometer and their haemogloin (Hb) level determined and classified.
Results: The age of the respondents ranged from 15-49 years with mean and standard deviation of 26.62 + 6.29 years. Results obtained show that out of 375 pregnant women, 265 had Hb <11g/dl giving 70.67% of anaemia among them. While 18.49% had mild anaemia (Hb:10.0-10.9g/dl), 4.15% had severe anaemia(Hb:<7.0g/dl). Anaemia was statistically associated with rural residence (p=0.024), low educational status (p=0.02), low family income (p=0.003), being married (p=0.016), lower parity (p=0.000), late booking (p=0.001), non-use of family planning (p=0.000), non-use of insecticide-treated nets (p=0.000), febrile illness in index pregnancy (p=0.000) and poor nutrition (p=0.000).
Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia among pregnant women in the study is high. This has far-reaching negative implications on the health status of the women during pregnancy, delivery and puerperum and that of the fetus. The need for preconception counseling and screening, health and nutrition education, early booking, contraception, treatment and prevention of causes of febrile illness, priority to girl child education and overall poverty eradication measures and recommended.
The impact of the three degrees‐of‐freedom fiducial marker‐based setup compared to soft tissue‐based setup in hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer
Authors: Tanabe Satoshi , Utsunomiya Satoru , Abe Eisuke , Sato Hiraku , Ohta Atsushi , Sakai Hironori , Yamada Takumi , Kaidu Motoki , Aoyama Hidefumi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeWe evaluated the setup accuracy of a three‐degree‐of‐freedom fiducial marker (3DOF‐FM)‐based setup compared to a soft tissue (ST)‐based setup in hypofractionated intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the setup accuracy for 17 consecutive prostate cancer patients with three implanted FMs who underwent hypofractionated IMRT. The 3DOF‐ST‐based setup using cone‐beam computed tomography (CT) was performed after a six DOF‐bony structure (BS)‐based setup using an ExacTrac x‐ray system. The 3DOF‐FM‐based matching using the ExacTrac x‐ray system was done during the BS‐ and ST‐based setups. We determined the mean absolute differences and the correlation between the FM‐ and ST‐based translational shifts relative to the BS‐based setup position. The rotational mean shifts detected by the ExacTrac x‐ray system were also evaluated.ResultsThe mean differences in the anterior‐posterior (AP), superior‐inferior (SI), and left‐right (LR) dimensions were 0.69, 0.0, and 0.30 mm, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for both shifts were 0.92 for AP, 0.91 for SI, and 0.68 for LR. The percentages of shift agreements within 2 mm were 85% for AP, 93% for SI, and 99% for LR. The absolute values of rotational shifts were 0.1° for AP, 0.3°, and 1.2° for LR.ConclusionsThe setup accuracy of the 3DOF‐FM‐based setup has the potential to be interchangeable with a ST‐based setup. Our data are likely to be useful in clinical practice along with the popularization of the hypofractionated IMRT in prostate cancer.
Eliciting information and cues to deceit through sketching in interpreter‐based interviews
Authors: Vrij Aldert , Leal Sharon , Fisher Ronald P. , Mann Samantha , Jo Eunkyung , Shaboltas Alla , Khaleeva Maria , Granskaya Juliana , Houston Kate 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAs interviewees typically say less when an interpreter is present, we examined whether this was caused by interpreters not interpreting everything interviewees says or by interviewees providing less information. We further examined (a) the effect of a model drawing on providing information and (b) the diagnostic value of total details and the proportion of complications as cues to deceit. Hispanic, Russian, and South Korean participants were interviewed by native interviewers or by a British interviewer through an interpreter. Truth tellers discussed a trip they had made; liars fabricated a story. Participants received no instruction (condition 1) or were instructed to sketch while narrating without (condition 2) or with (condition 3) being given examples of detailed sketches. Interviewees said less when an interpreter was present because they provided less information. Truth tellers gave more details and, particularly, obtained a higher proportion of complications than liars. The sketching manipulation had no effect.
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Patients With a Negative Antinuclear Antibody Meeting the American College of Rheumatology and/or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Tarazi Meera , Gaffney Rebecca G. , Kushner Carolyn J. , Chakka Srita , Werth Victoria P. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disorder that is heterogeneous and can be difficult to diagnose. One hallmark of the disease is the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), a feature that has been incorporated into multiple classification criteria over the years. In this study, we used a database of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) to determine how many had a negative ANA and met criteria for SLE using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and/or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) criteria.MethodsWe used a database of 301 biopsy‐proven CLE patients that contained information including ANA status and the presence of features of SLE. The database was searched for patients who had a negative ANA result and whether or not they met SLE criteria using the ACR and/or SLICC criteria.ResultsOf the 301 patients with biopsy‐proven CLE and a known ANA, 111 had a negative ANA test (36.9%) and 27 had an ANA test that fluctuated (33.3%). In all, 20 ANA‐negative patients met SLE criteria (18.0%), and 12 patients with a fluctuating ANA test met SLE criteria (44.4%). Of all patients who had either a negative or fluctuating ANA result and who met criteria for SLE (n = 32), 27 patients had involvement of ≥1 organ system other than skin (84.4%), and 13 patients had involvement of ≥2 organ systems other than skin (40.6%).ConclusionOur results show that an ANA is not always present in patients with systemic disease. This fact should be taken into consideration when devising SLE classification criteria to be used for clinical trials.
Meta‐Analysis of Treatment for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Chu Lucy L. , Cui Kangping , Pope Janet E. 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThe current focus of treatment in primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is symptom management. Since SS is an autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement, systemic immunosuppression may have a role in improving signs and symptoms and preventing progression. We undertook this review to assess the efficacy and safety of immunomodulation on primary SS from randomized clinical trials (RCTs).MethodsFive electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform) were searched to include RCTs for the treatment of SS. Primary outcome measures included ocular dryness, oral dryness, tear production, and salivary function. Serious adverse events (AEs) and withdrawals due to AEs were also assessed.ResultsThe search yielded 32 trials evaluating 19 different medications. The average duration of diagnosis was long (up to 9.2 years). Twenty‐two trials examined ocular and oral dryness, for which only 2 and 4 trials showed statistically significant improvements, respectively. No studies found a benefit for tear production; few studies found improvements for unstimulated salivary flow (3 of 16 RCTs) and stimulated salivary flow (2 of 14 RCTs). Meta‐analysis at 6 months found improvements as compared to placebo for unstimulated salivary flow (P = 0.003) and a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.007). No differences were seen for serious AEs, but there were increased withdrawals from AEs (risk ratio 2.33; P = 0.03).ConclusionReducing inflammation potentially improves salivary gland function. No individual immunomodulatory drug demonstrated a consistent benefit in xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Further work is needed to identify SS patients with an ability to improve and with outcomes that are valid and sensitive to change within clinical trials. Tradeoffs in the future between benefit and safety may also be important, because more withdrawals occurred with active treatment.
Enhanced Microwave Absorption Performance from Magnetic Coupling of Magnetic Nanoparticles Suspended within Hierarchically Tubular Composite
Authors: Wu Zhengchen , Pei Ke , Xing Linshen , Yu Xuefeng , You Wenbin , Che Renchao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe microwave absorption (MA) performance of carbon materials is severely hindered by their drawbacks of lacking magnetic loss ability and mismatched electromagnetic impedance. In this work, utilizing sustainable biomass kapok as a template, the hierarchically tubular C/Co nanoparticle composite is rationally constructed to acquire the enhanced MA performance for the first time. The fruit‐tree‐like hierarchical structure is composed from a “trunk” of kapok‐derived carbon microtubes, a “branch” of entangled carbon nanotubes, and “fruit” of Co nanoparticles embedded in the nanotubes. Such a hierarchically tubular structure offers the composite: i) a submillimeter‐scale 3D magnetic coupling network and reinforced magnetic loss ability, ii) a hierarchical dielectric carbon network, iii) better matched impedance, confirmed by the off‐axis electron holography and micromagnetic simulation. Accordingly, the as‐prepared hierarchically tubular carbon composite demonstrates impressive MA performance, with a maximum reflection loss of as much as −52.3 dB and a broad absorption bandwidth of 5.1 GHz. These encouraging achievements light the way to the development of the hierarchical microstructure of magnetic absorbents.
Integration of Electrochemical Microsupercapacitors with Thin Film Electronics for On‐Chip Energy Storage
Authors: Hota Mrinal K. , Jiang Qiu , Wang Zhenwei , Wang Zhong Lin , Salama Khaled N. , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe development of self‐powered electronic systems requires integration of on‐chip energy‐storage units to interface with various types of energy harvesters, which are intermittent by nature. Most studies have involved on‐chip electrochemical microsupercapacitors that have been interfaced with energy harvesters through bulky Si‐based rectifiers that are difficult to integrate. This study demonstrates transistor‐level integration of electrochemical microsupercapacitors and thin film transistor rectifiers. In this approach, the thin film transistors, thin film rectifiers, and electrochemical microsupercapacitors share the same electrode material for all, which allows for a highly integrated electrochemical on‐chip storage solution. The thin film rectifiers are shown to be capable of rectifying AC signal input from either triboelectric nanogenerators or standard function generators. In addition, electrochemical microsupercapacitors exhibit exceptionally slow self‐discharge rate (≈18.75 mV h−1) and sufficient power to drive various electronic devices. This study opens a new avenue for developing compact on‐chip electrochemical micropower units integrated with thin film electronics.
Encrypted Thermal Printing with Regionalization Transformation
Authors: Hu Run , Huang Shiyao , Wang Meng , Luo Xiaobing , Shiomi Junichiro , Qiu Cheng‐Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractArtificially structured thermal metamaterials provide an unprecedented possibility of molding heat flow that is drastically distinct from the conventional heat diffusion in naturally conductive materials. The Laplacian nature of heat conduction makes the transformation thermotics, as a design principle for thermal metadevices, compatible with transformation optics. Various functional thermal devices, such as thermal cloaks, concentrators, and rotators, have been successfully demonstrated. How far can it possible go beyond just realizing a heat‐distribution function in a thermal metadevice? Herein, the concept of encrypted thermal printing is proposed and experimentally validated, which could conceal encrypted information under natural light and present static or dynamic messages in an infrared image. Regionalization transformation is developed for structuring thermal metamaterial‐strokes as infrared signatures, enabling letters of the alphabet to be written, paintings to be drawn, movies to be made, and information to be displayed. This strategy successfully demonstrates an extreme level of manipulation of heat flow for encryption, illusions, and messaging.
Retracted: Phosphorus‐Rich Colloidal Cobalt Diphosphide (CoP2) Nanocrystals for Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Hui , Wen Peng , Itanze Dominique S. , Kim Michael W. , Adhikari Shiba , Lu Chang , Jiang Lin , Qiu Yejun , Geyer Scott M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDeveloping earth‐abundant and efficient electrocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting is critical to realizing a high‐performance solar‐to‐hydrogen energy conversion process. Herein, phosphorus‐rich colloidal cobalt diphosphide nanocrystals (CoP2 NCs) are synthesized via hot injection. The CoP2 NCs show a Pt‐like hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalytic activity in acidic solution with a small overpotential of 39 mV to achieve −10 mA cm−2 and a very low Tafel slope of 32 mV dec−1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the high P content both physically separates Co atoms to prevent H from over binding to multiple Co atoms, while simultaneously stabilizing H adsorbed to single Co atoms. The catalytic performance of the CoP2 NCs is further demonstrated in a metal–insulator–semiconductor photoelectrochemical device consisting of bottom p‐Si light absorber, atomic layer deposition Al–ZnO passivation layers, and the CoP2 cocatalyst. The p‐Si/AZO/TiO2/CoP2 photocathode shows a photocurrent density of −16.7 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and an output photovoltage of 0.54 V. The high performance and stability are attributed to the junction between p‐Si and AZO, the corrosion‐resistance of the pinhole‐free TiO2 protective layer, and the fast HER kinetics of the CoP2 NCs.