bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frühgeborenenhyperthyreose durch diaplazentar übertragene TSH-Rezeptor-Antikörper der Mutter
Authors: Wieg C. , Schroth H.-J. , Helisch A. , Bertram U. , Rink Th. 
Published: March 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Wirkungsdauer diaplazentar übertragener TSH-Rezeptor-Antikörper (TRAK) wird am Beispiel einer 23jährigen Patientin mit M. Basedow und manifester Hyperthyreose diskutiert, die sechs Wochen nach Diagnosestellung schwanger wurde und die thyreostatische Medikation eigenverantwortlich absetzte. Bei einer Kontrolluntersuchung in der 20. Gestationswoche fand sich dementsprechend erneut eine hyperthyreote Stoffwechsellage, die zur Einleitung einer Thyreostase mit Propylthiouracil führte. Auch diese Medikation wurde von der Patientin jedoch bereits kurze Zeit später wieder abgebrochen. In der 32. Woche endete die Schwangerschaft mit einer Frühgeburt. Das männliche Neugeborene zeigte bereits deutliche Zeichen einer thyreotoxischen Krise und entwickelte im weiteren Verlauf einen zunehmend reduzierten Allgemeinzustand mit einer Sinustachykardie bis 190/min, Fieber, Tremor und respiratorischer Störung. Erwartungsgemäß fand sich eine ausgeprägte Hyperthyreose. Der TRAK-Titer lag bei 180 U/l (normal <15). Eine Therapie mit Propranolol und Prednisolon führte bereits zu einer deutlichen Besserung der Symptome. Als sich nach zwölf Tagen noch kein klarer Rückgang der Schilddrüsenhormonspiegel zeigte, wurde zusätzlich eine thyreostatische Medikation eingeleitet. Hierunter konnte nach neun Tagen eine periphere Euthyreose erreicht werden. Nach Absetzen des Thyreostatikums entwickelte sich jedoch innerhalb von einer Woche erneut eine manifeste Hyperthyreose, die nochmals eine thyreostatische Therapie in niedrigerer Dosierung für 26 Tage erforderlich machte. Danach war der TRAK-Titer auf 25 U/l abgefallen, und es kam zu keinem weiteren Hyperthyreoserezidiv. Die biologische Halbwertszeit der TRAK betrug in unserem Fall 20 Tage.
Untersuchung des Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnisses an einem modernen PET-System: Messungen am EEC-Ganzkörperphantom
Authors: Jägel M. , Adam L.-E. , Bellemann M. E. , Zaers J. , Trojan H. , Rauschnabel K. , Brix G. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Mit kleineren Detektorelementen läßt sich bei PET-Scannern eine bessere räumliche Auflösung erzielen. Allerdings verschlechtert sich damit die Zählstatistik in den rekonstruierten Bildern. Daher wurde in dieser Studie der Einfluß verschiedener Aufnahmeparameter auf das Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhältnis (SNR) mit dem Ziel untersucht, die Qualität der PET-Aufnahmen zu optimieren. Methode: Die Messungen wurden an einem modernen Ganzkörper-PET-System (ECAT Exact HR+, Sie- mens/CTI) mit den vom Hersteller empfohlenen Einstellungen im 2D- und 3D-Modus durchgeführt. Zur Simulation von Patientenmessungen im Thoraxbereich wurde das EEC-Ganzkörperphantom mit verschiedenen Einsätzen verwendet. Bei den Messungen im Emissions- und Transmissionsmodus wurden die Ereigniszahlen sowie die untere Schwelle des Energiediskriminators variiert. Mit Hilfe einer einfachen Modellfunktion wurde der Einfluß der Ereigniszahlen im Emissions- und Transmissionsdatensatz auf das SNR parametrisiert. Ergebnisse: Bei den in der PET üblicherweise verwendeten Zählraten beeinflußt die Emissionsmessung das SNR im rekonstruierten Bild stärker als die Transmissionsmessung. Mit steigender unterer Energieschwelle verbessert sich bei gleicher Anzahl an Gesamtereignissen das SNR. Unter Verwendung der abgeleiteten Modellfunktion konnte die optimale Aufteilung der Gesamtmeßzeit (Emission und Transmission) abgeschätzt werden. Sowohl für den 2D- als auch für den 3D-Modus ergab sich ein optimaler Anteil der Emissionsmeßzeit an der Gesamtmeßzeit von etwa 75%. Schlußfolgerung: Der vorgestellte phänomenologische Ansatz bietet die Möglichkeit, das SNR und damit die Qualität von PET-Aufnahmen für den jeweiligen Scanner und die jeweilige Fragestellung auf einfache Weise zu optimieren.
Studie zur Kombinationstherapie der endemischen Struma mit zwei unterschiedlichen Thyroxin/Iodkombinationen
Authors: Förster G. , Wieler H. , Kahaly G. , Kaiser K. P. , Hansen Ch. , Willkomm P. , Ruhlmann J. , Kleinenz B. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel dieser Studie war es, das Ausmaß der TSH-Suppression und Volumenreduktion bei der Kombinationstherapie der endemischen Struma zu untersuchen. Es wurde eine individuell angepaßte mit einer fixen Le- vothyroxin-Dosis verglichen. Methoden: 105 Patienten einer multizentrischen Studie (randomisiert, einfachblind, kontrolliert) erhielten in Gruppe A gewichtsadaptierte LT4-Dosen plus 150 μg Jodid/d, in Gruppe Β eine fixe Kombination (100 μg LT4 + 100 μg Jodid/d). Initial und nach 12 Wochen wurden bTSH und Strumavolumen untersucht. Ergebnisse: Das Ausmaß der TSH-Suppression zeigte zwar in beiden Gruppen keinen signifikanten Unterschied. Individuell mit Levothyroxin therapierte Patienten hatten aber signifikant häufiger vollständig supprimierte TSH- Werte. In beiden Gruppen wurde eine Strumavolumenreduktion von 24% erzielt. Schlußfolgerung: Die gewichtsadaptierte LT4-Gabe von 1,4 μg/kg KG in Kombination mit 150 μg Jodid führt häufig zu einer latenten Hyperthyreose. Als substitutive LT4-Therapie ist wahrscheinlich eine Dosis von 1,0 μg/kg KG plus 150 μg Jodid ausreichend.
Strahlenexposition Angehöriger von Patienten nach stationärer Radioiodtherapie durch Inhalation von 131I in der Wohnung
Authors: Eschner W. , Hillger H. W. , Schicha H. , Wellner U. 
Published: March 2018

Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Mit Hilfe einer Modellrechnung sollen Exhalationskoeffizienten ermittelt werden, mit deren Hilfe die Exhalation von 1311 von Patienten, die sich einer Radioiodtherapie unterziehen mußten, ermittelt werden kann. Die Richtigkeit dieser Exhalationskoeffizienten soll durch Messungen an Angehörigen der Patienten, die in der Wohnung ausgeatmetes lod der Patienten eingeatmet haben, mit dem Ganzkörperzähler überprüft werden. Auf der Grundlage dieser Exhalationskoeffizienten soll die Exposition der Angehörigen der Patienten berechnet werden. Methoden: Die 1311-Aktivität 17 Angehöriger von Patienten, die sich einer Radioiodtherapie unterziehen mußten, wurde wenige Tage nach der Entlassung des Patienten im Ganzkörperzähler gemessen und mit den Ergebnissen von Modellrechnungen verglichen. Ergebnisse: Zwischen den gemessenen Werten der Körperaktivität (AGK) der Angehörigen von Radioiod-Therapie-Patienten und den berechneten Werten läßt sich eine Korrelation AModell = AGk - 47,3 (r2 = 0,959) ableiten, unter der Voraussetzung, daß 2,1 μg lod von den 60 μg lod, die täglich mit der Nahrung aufgenommen werden, ausgeatmet werden. Die Exposition aller Angehörigen blieb stets unter 100 μSveff. Mit den gleichen Modellparametern ergeben sich unter Annahme einer ambulant durchgeführten Radioiodtherapie effektive Expositionen bei den Angehörigen von bis zu 6,5 mSv. Schlußfolgerung: Die tägliche Exhalation von l31l kann mit Hilfe einer Modellrechnung abgeschätzt werden. Nach einem Aufenthalt von Patienten von 3 Tagen in einer nuklearmedizinischen Therapiestation überschreitet die effektive Äquivalentdosis Angehöriger in der Wohnung des Patienten den Wert 100 μSv durch die Inhalation von 1311 nicht. Das sind 10% des Grenzwertes 1 mSv, den die ICRP 60 empfiehlt. Die ambulante Radioiodtherapie, auch Radioiodtherapietourismus aus Deutschland in benachbarte Staaten, ist aus Strahlenschutzgründen abzulehnen.
Lesions of the Biceps Tendon Diagnosis and Classification
Authors: Bardet J. F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis paper presents the clinical signs, radiographic and arthroscopic findings in 23 dogs and a cat having a lesion of the biceps tendon. Several conditions were recognized: partial or complete rupture; avulsion of the biceps tendon from the supraglenoid tubercle, tendinitis, mid-substance tear, bipartite tendon, dislocations and tenosynovitis of the bicipital tendon. Osteoarthritis of the shoulder joint was seen in 84% of the cases and osteophytosis of the bicipital groove was recognized in 38%. Biceps tendon rupture was associated with shoulder joint instability 76% of the time. Shoulder arthroscopy is a very reliable diagnostic method allowing direct visualization of intra-articular pathologies.In man, the tendon of the biceps brachii is the proverbial stepchild of the shoulder. It has been blamed for numerous painful conditions of the shoulder from arthritis to adhesive capsulitis. Kessell described the tendon as “somewhat of a maverick, easy to inculpate but difficult to condemn (1). Its function has been often misunderstood. It has been tenodesed, translocated, pulled through drill holes in the humeral head, and debrided with an arthroscope, oftentimes with marginal results”. Lippmann likened the biceps tendon to the appendix: “An unimportant vestigial structure unless something goes wrong with it” (2). Neer II has stressed the fact that 95 to 98 per cent of patients with a diagnosis of biceps tendinitis have, in reality, a primary diagnosis of impingement syndrome with secondary involvement of the biceps tendon (3). He has condemned routine biceps tenodesis.The veterinary literature on the biceps tendon in dogs is sparse (4-8). Tenosynovitis of the biceps tendon is “a common cause of forelimb lameness in medium and large breed dogs” (7). “Definitive diagnosis of bicipital tenosynovitis is often not possible, and the diagnosis is backed into by eliminating other causes of lameness. Proof of the diagnosis often depends on response to treatment” (7). There are not any reviews of cases of rupture of the tendon of the biceps brachii muscle except for anecdotal case reports (7). Arthrography has been described as diagnostic of rupture (10, 11). Calcifying tendinopathy of the biceps tendon was seen on radiographic views of the scapulohumeral joint in four dogs (9). Twodimensional real-time ultrasonography was found helpful in the diagnosis of strain of the infraspinatus muscle in a dog (12).This paper reviews the pertinent anatomy, explains the function of the biceps tendon, and presents a review of current concepts on the diagnosis of lesions of the biceps tendon.The author presents the clinical signs, radiographic and arthroscopic finding of the disorders of the biceps tendon seen in 25 shoulders. All biceps tendon lesions may be classified in one of the six subtypes. Partial or complete tears are the most frequent pathology. Degenerative joint disease is seen in 84% of the shoulders.
Repair of Diaphyseal Radius and Ulna Fractures Using a Modified Type I External Skeletal Fixator and Ulnar Intramedullary Pin
Authors: Goring R. L. , Haan J. J. , Renberg W. C. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryModified type I external skeletal fixation of the radius (using a curved connecting bar and unique pin placement) was combined with intramedullary pinning of the ulna to repair eight ipsilateral radius and ulna fractures in dogs. The intramedullary ulnar pin was placed first, aligning the radial fragments, which allowed closed application of the radial fixation. External skeletal fixation was designed to minimize soft tissue trauma and achieve a uniform boneto- connecting-bar distance. Seven of eight fractures healed in eight to twelve weeks with the technique described. The eighth case needed additional fixation following complications associated with the severity of the injury. Results of this study demonstrate that the technique is a suitable alternative for repair of the fracture types included.A modified type I external skeletal fixator and intramedullary pin was successfully used to repair radius and ulna fractures. The technique was developed in order to provide technically simple but rigid stabilization that minimized soft tissue disruption. The technique is described along with the results in a variety of fracture types.
Ostectomy for Congenital Flexural Deformity of the Metacarpophalangeal Joints in a Llama
Authors: Steenhaul M. , Martens A. , Gasthuys F. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA newborn llama was referred to our clinic with congenital flexural deformities of both metacarpophalangeal joints. An ostectomy of MCIII-IV was performed bilaterally; reconstruction was done using a dynamic compression plate on the dorsal aspect of the metacarpal bone. Postoperatively a cast was placed up to the carpal region, to provide external immobilisation. A luxation of both fetlock joints was present after the operation and resulted in radiographic arthritic changes. Despite this complication an acceptable degree of healing, without clinical signs of lameness, was achieved.A newborn llama with congenital flexural deformities of both metacarpophalangeal joints was successfully treated by bilateral ostectomy of MC III-IV.
Cell Proliferation as Assessed by Expression of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen or the Uptake of Bromodeoxyuridine in a Rabbit Model of Leg-lengthening
Authors: Li G. , Simpson A. H. R. W. , Kenwright J. , Triffitt J. T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAn experimental model of leg lengthening has been used to study the cellular responses of the regenerating bone to different rates of distraction. Cell proliferation were assessed by detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen using a monoclonal antibody, PC10. The technique was verified by comparison with bromodeoxyuridine uptake and subsequent detection with specific antibody (Bu20A). The positive staining index (PSI) was calculated for a variety of tissues and the PC10 PSI was greater than that of Bu20A, as described by the expression: PC10 PSI = 1.6 Bu20A PSI + 12.9, with a correlation coefficient 0.79. The results suggest that PC10 may be used as an alternative marker to assess cell proliferation in rabbit regenerating bone tissue. In addition, the rate of cell proliferation during leg-lengthening was found to reach a maximum at a distraction rate of 0.7 mm/day without further change at higher rates.Cell proliferation was assessed in an experimental system of leg-lengthening by two separate methods. The presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen or the uptake of bromodeoxyuridine were determined immuno-histochemically. Both methods indicated cell proliferation during leg-lengthening reaches a maximum at a distraction rate of 0.7 mm/day.
Sonographic Findings in Canine Common Calcaneal Tendon Injury
Authors: Walter P. A. , Kramek B. , Wallace L. , Rivers B. J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryUltrasonography was prospectively evaluated as an ancillary diagnostic technique in canine common calcaneal injury in a series of six cases with surgical confirmation of the diagnosis. Preoperative sonographic examination localized the site of injury to the affected component of the common calcaneal tendon. Sonographic lesions consisted of focal disruption of normal tendon echotexture in all six cases, with slight to considerable enlargement of the affected tendon in five of the six cases. Sonographic examination detected the additional lesion of lateral displacement of the superficial digital flexor tendon in one case in which it was present. However, sonographic examination could not differentiate partial from complete tendon rupture.Ultrasonography was prospectively evaluated as an ancillary diagnostic technique in six cases of canine common calcaneal tendon injury with surgical confirmation of the diagnosis. The technique was useful in preoperative localization of the site of injury within the tendon, but differentiation of partial versus complete tendon rupture was not possible.
Multiple Force Platform Analysis of the Canine Trot: a New Approach to Assessing Basic Characteristics of Locomotion
Authors: Lee D. V. , Todhunter R. J. , Foels Wendy S. , Jo Williams Alma , Lust G. , Bertram J. E. A. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMultiple platforms measure forces on different limbs simultaneously and provide a convenient means of determining locomotion parameters directly from force data. Four force platforms in series were used to measure force and positional data from simultaneous foot contacts of trotting dogs. Proper evaluation of fore and hindlimb forces from a complete stride requires a minimum of four platforms. Stride period, stride length, average velocity during the stride, relative phases of footfalls and duty factors can be determined directly from the force record. Impulse, average force and change in forward velocity can be determined by integrating the summed force/time curves over one stride period. These analytical techniques are illustrated using multiple platform data. Multiple platform analysis provides a comprehensive view of canine locomotion that cannot be achieved with a single platform.A multiple force platform system designed to analyze ground reaction forces of quadrupedal animals is described. This system provides all force and positional data required for the description of each footfall in a full trotting stride. Methods for calculating key locomotion parameters from multiple platforms are reported and their relevance to gait analysis is discussed.
The Effect of Repeated Freeze-thaw Cycles on the Biomechanical Properties of Canine Cortical Bone
Authors: Boutros C. P. , Kasra M. , Grynpas M. D. , Trout D. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAs orthopaedic investigations have become more intricate, bone specimens have sometimes undergone multiple freeze-thaw cycles prior to biomechanical testing. The purpose of this study was to determine if repeated freezing and thawing affected the mechanical properties of canine cortical bone. Six pairs of third-metacarpal bones were tested in three-point bending and six pairs of femurs were tested in torsion. At the time of collection, one member of each pair was tested destructively. The other member was tested nondestructively at the time of collection and after each of five freeze-thaw cycles, followed by destructive testing after the fifth cycle. For destructive tests, the material properties (modulus, maximum stress, maximum strain and absorbed energy) of a specimen at the time of collection were compared to those of the corresponding contralateral specimen that had undergone five freeze-thaw cycles. For repeated nondestructive tests, the modulus of a specimen at the time of collection was compared to modulus of the same specimen at each of the five thaw intervals. During destructive testing, there was a significant (p = 0.02) decrease (20%) in maximum torsional strain. Other changes in bending and torsional destructive properties were not statistically significant. During repeated nondestructive testing, there were solitary significant (p < 0.05) increases (8% and 9%, respectively) in both bending and torsional modulus. However, these isolated changes were not correlated to the number of freeze-thaw cycles. The pattern of alterations in destructive and non-destructive biomechanical properties was most consistent with varying specimen dehydration at each thaw interval. Despite using accepted methods to maintain specimen hydration, repeated freezing, thawing, handling and testing of cortical bone increased the risk of moisture loss. Unless stringent efforts are made to ensure proper hydration, the mechanical properties of canine cortical bone will be altered by repeated freezing and thawing, affecting the results of studies utilizing this technique.The effect of five freeze-thaw cycles on paired canine cortical bone specimens was evaluated using destructive and repeated non-destructive three-point bending and torsion tests. A significant decrease in destructive torsional strain and isolated significant increases in nondestructive bending and torsional modulus were most consistent with varying specimen dehydration at each thaw interval.
Repair of Chronic Complete Traumatic Rupture of the Common Calcaneal Tendon in a Dog, Using a Fascia Lata Graft
Authors: Shani J. , Shahar R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA 3-month-old male Cocker Spaniel was presented with the complaint of chronic right hind leg lameness. The owner described superficial trauma at the area of the hock, which was noticed immediately after delivery. History, habitus, physical examination, and radiography suggested rupture of the common calcaneal tendon. This report describes the successful repair of complete rupture of the common calcaneal tendon, with loss of tendon length, using a fascia lata free graft.The following case report describes the successful repair of a chronic complete traumatic rupture of all components of the Achilles tendon with loss of tendon length, in a 3-month-old puppy, using a tensor fascia lata free graft. Due to the young age of the animal no internal fixation was used to protect the graft, and external coaptation was used instead. Achilles tendon rupture is a relatively common injury in humans and many methods of repair are reported for acute and chronic ruptures. The medical and veterinary literature is reviewed with regard to the pathogenesis and treatment of Achilles tendon rupture.
The presence of collagen types II and X in medial coronoid processes of 21 dogs
Authors: Crouch D. T. , Lewis D. D. , Kreeger J. M. , Tomlinson J. L. , Cook J. L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine collagen type II and X immunohistochemical staining characteristics of naturally-occurring fragmented medial coronoid processes (FMCP) in order to help delineate potential pathophysiological events associated with FMCP.34 surgically excised FMCP from 21 client-owned dogs and 16 intact medial coronoid processes from 8 mongrel dogs were examined. The specimens were categorized by the dog's age: <12 months, 12–18 months, 18–24 months, >24 months.The excised FMCP and normal medial coronoid processes were sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin, safranin-O fast green, and toluidine blue. Sections were subjectively evaluated for tissue morphology, cell and matrix content, and proteoglycan staining. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for collagen types II and X. Sections were then subjectively evaluated for the location and intensity of staining.FMCP tissue demonstrated a wide variety of histological and immunohistochemical characteristics compared to normal medial coronoid processes. Significantly (P = 0.016) more normal dogs stained positive for collagen type X than dogs with FMCP in the <12 months old group. No other significant differences between affected and normal dogs were noted for either collagen type in any age group. No significant difference in age was noted for the presence or absence of collagen type II among affected dogs, and no statistically significant correlation was observed between age of those with collagens type X and type II present. Although not statistically significant (P = 0.100), there was a trend for the presence of collagen type II when collagen type X was present. The results of this study have not provided a definitive answer regarding the role of collagen type X in the etiopathogenesis of FMCP, but suggest that it may be an important factor in some cases, warranting further investigation. Excised fragmented medial coronoid processes were examined to determine the collagen immunohistochemical staining characteristics when compared to intact processes.
An ovine model for total hip replacement: operative procedure and complications
Authors: Aberman H. , Carbone A. , Sharpe P. , Smith N. , Dunlop D. , Howie D. W. , Field J. R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA cranio-lateral curvilinear incision in the skin was centered over the greater trochanter. The subsequent approach to the acetabulum involved blunt dissection and avoided the need for significant muscular incision. The major post-operative complications encountered were fracturing of the proximal (2/37) and distal femur (4/37), caudal neuropathy (2/37) and septic femoral stem loosening (1/37). At two years post-operatively, the morbidity rate was 24% and the mortality rate 19%.A regime of analgesia, involving constant infusion of xylazine, was developed and appeared very effective.Thirty-seven mature Merino wethers were utilized for an evaluation of a new acetabular cup design using a modular cemented total hip replacement system. The ovine model for total hip replacement provided a reliable and manageable method for the evaluation of component design and tissue response.