bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burden of respiratory viral infections among inmates of a Ghanaian prison
Authors: Sylverken Augustina , El-Duah Philip , Owusu Michael , Yeboah Richmond , Kwarteng Alexander , Ofori Linda , Gorman Richmond , Obiri-Danso Kwasi , Owusu-Dabo Ellis 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are important causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Information on circulating respiratory viruses among prisoners is lacking, although this is of public health importance and knowledge would assist in putting in place preventive measures to forestall disease outbreaks. The aim of this study therefore was to get the footprint of such diseases that have epidemic potential to be described and quantified for control. Prisoners on remand numbering 203 in a prison in Kumasi, the Ashanti Regional capital, were interviewed using prevalidated questionnaire, nasopharyngeal samples taken and screened by real-time PCR for common respiratory viruses in February, 2018. Of the total number of 203 participants enrolled, majority were males (n = 198, 97.54%). The modal age unsurprisingly was in the active working class of 18 to 35 years (n = 155, 76.36%) with 48 (23.65%) of participants older than 35 years. Inmates reported nasal congestion (n = 83, 40.89%), cough with or without pharyngitis (n =108, 53.20%) and fever (n = 74, 39.48%). Viruses detected in throat samples were Influenza A (n = 1, 0.49%) and Rhinovirus (n = 8, 3.94%). There was no statistically significant association between respiratory virus positivity and age (p = 0.118), gender (p > 0.900), duration of incarceration (p = 0.239) and reported symptoms (p = 0.724). The prison population may have a lower prevalence of respiratory viruses circulating in them. This may be dominated by those with high antigenic diversity.
Determinants of occupational stress among health care professionals working at a setting of a specialized mental hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2017: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Authors: T/tsadike Simret , mulat haregewoin , necho mogesie , waja tsigereda 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Stress at workplace among health professionals predisposes to an inefficient organization, absenteeism from work, job dissatisfaction, and various physical, psychological as well as behavioral health problems. Despite this, little has been done into this health issue. So, this study assessed occupational stress and its determinants among health care professionals. METHODS: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was implemented among 398 participants from May 1 to June 1, 2017, at Amanuel hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A pretested and self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Nursing stress scale was used to asses occupational stress. Data was entered to Epi-info-version-7 and analyzed with SPSS-20. Descriptive statistics were also utilized. Binary logistic regressions with odds ratios and 95% confidence interval were used. P-value < 0.05 in final model was significant. RESULTS: Among 398 participants included in the study, 393 provided complete information which gives a response rate of 98.7%. This study showed that 46.8% (95%CI: 41.7, 51.7) of health professional were having occupational stress. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that working in emergency department (AOR=3.48; 95% CI: 2.12, 12.08), forensic psychiatry unit (AOR=3.48; 95% CI: 1.25, 35.06) and job dissatisfaction (AOR=2.606; 95% CI: 1.563, 4.345) were risk factors for occupational stress. CONCLUSION: Occupational stress among health professionals was high. Work-related variables (working in the emergency department and dissatisfaction with the job) were its risk factors. Attention has to be given for such an important public health issue. KEYWORDS: Health workers, occupational stress, Mental hospital, Ethiopia.
Factors associated with unsafe work behaviours in an Iranian petrochemical company: Perspectives of workers, supervisors, and safety managers
Authors: Harsini Azita Zahiri , Ghofranipour Fazlollah , Sanaeinasab Hormoz , Shokravi Farkhondeh Amin , Bohle Philip , Matthews Lynda R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: The petrochemical industry is hazardous, in part because of the inherently dangerous nature of the work conducted, and incidents frequently result in significant financial and social losses. The most common immediate cause of incidents and injuries in this industry is unsafe worker behaviour. Identifying the factors encouraging unsafe work behaviours is the first step in taking action to discourage them. The aim of this study was to (a) explore workers’, supervisors’ and safety managers’ attitudes and perceptions of safety in a petrochemical company in Iran, and (b) identify the factors that discourage safe work behaviours. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted by following analysis steps described by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). Eighteen participants were recruited from an Iranian petrochemical company using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Individual face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of factors acting as barriers to safe behaviour. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in Persian and then translated into English. Conventional content analysis was performed. Results: The main themes emerging from the interviews were: (i) poor direct safety management and supervision; (ii) unsafe workplace conditions; (iii) workers' perceptions, skills and training; and (iv) broader organisational factors. Conclusions: The findings give insights into practical organisational measures that can be implemented by management to promote workers’ commitment to safety and engage in safe behaviours in their workplace. Keywords: safe work behaviours; occupational health; petrochemical industry; workplace accidents; industrial hazards
An artificially simulated outbreak of a respiratory infectious disease
Authors: Guo Zuiyuan , Xu Shuang , Tong Libo , Dai Botao , Liu Yuandong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Outbreaks of respiratory infectious diseases often take place in crowded places. To understand the spreading pattern of an outbreak of a respiratory infectious disease and provide a theoretical basis for the targeted implementation of scientific prevention and control, we attempted to establish a stochastic model to simulate an outbreak of a respiratory infectious disease at a military camp. This model fits the general pattern of disease transmission and further enriches theories on the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases.
Methods We established an enclosed system of 500 people exposed to adenovirus type 7 in a military camp. During the infection period, the patients transmitted the virus randomly to susceptible people. The spread of the epidemic under militarized management mode was simulated using a computer model named “the random collision model”, and the effects of factors such as the basic reproductive number ( R 0 ), time of isolation of the patients (TOI), interval between the onset and isolation (IOI), and immunization rates (IR) on the developmental trend of the epidemic were quantitatively analysed.
Results Once the R 0 exceeds 1.5, the median attack rate increases sharply; when R 0 =3, with a delay in the TOI, the attack rate increases gradually and eventually remains stable. If the IOI exceeds 2.3 days, the median attack rate will also increase dramatically. If the IR exceeds 0.5, the median of the attack rate nears zero. The median generation time was 8.26 days (95% CI: 7.84-8.69 days). The partial rank correlation coefficients between the attack rate of the epidemic and the R 0 , TOI, IOI, and IR were 0.61, 0.17, 0.45, and -0.27, respectively.
Conclusion The random collision model not only simulates how an epidemic spreads with superior precision but also allows more flexibility in the settings of the exposure population’s activities and different types of infectious diseases, which is conducive to furthering the exploration of the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic outbreaks.
Anxiety a possible peripheral artery disease risk factor among older Africans: The EPIDEMCA study.
Authors: DESORMAIS ILEANA , Lacroix Philippe , Guerchet Maelenn , Ndamba-Bandzouzi Bébène , Mbelesso Pascal , Marin Benoit , Tchalla Achile , Preux Pierre-Marie , Aboyans Victor 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Objective During the past ten years considerable progress has been made in research on cardiac effects of anxiety. On the other hand, epidemiological research on the implication of this psychosocial factor in the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD) is lacking. The present study sought to examine the association of anxiety and PAD in elderly individuals in two sub-Saharan countries in Africa.Methods This cross-sectional study, was performed in urban and rural population in Central Africa: Republic of Congo and Central African Republic. All individuals ≥65 years living in these areas were invited to participate. Socio-demographic data, medical history, medication, clinical and biological data were collected. Anxiety symptoms were assessed with the Geriatric Mental State version B3. Peripheral artery disease was defined as ankle brachial index (ABI) ≤0.90.Results A total of 1662 subjects composed our study population (age 72.9±6.5 years, 59.3% females). Overall, the prevalence of anxiety was 7.2%, significantly higher in women (9.2% vs. 4.3% in men, p<0.001 ). Independently of all confounding factors, anxiety was strongly associated with PAD in both countries (OR: 2.56, 99%CI: .52-4.20) and more frequently associated with PAD in women than in men (OR: 3.37, 95%CI: 1.22-4.10 vs. OR: 2.34, 95%CI: 1.13-5.06).Conclusion Our study underlines the high prevalence of anxiety in African general population in the elderly, as well as a significant association with the peripheral artery disease, independently of all possible confounding factors. The higher rates of anxiety in women and stronger association with PAD as compared to men might explain the higher rates of PAD in African women.
Awareness and its Associated Factors of Obstetrics Fistula among antenatal care attendees in Injibara Town Health Institutions, Awi Zone, North West, Ethiopia, 2019.
Authors: Beyene Fentahun Yenealem , Feyisa Wondu , Nigusie Azezu , Tesfa Azimeraw 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Obstetric fistula is abnormal passage way between the vagina and bladder or rectum and it has the most devastating effects on physical, social and economic levels and represents a major public health issue of thousands of women, which failed to provide accessible and appropriate intrapartum care for women within developing country, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, we tried to assess the awareness and its associated factors of obstetrics fistula among pregnant mothers attending antenatal care clinics.Method A health institutional based cross-sectional study was employed from March 4–29/2019 among 413 pregnant women. The data was collected by systematic random sampling technique and entered into a computer using Epi data 3.5, edited and analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences 23.0 version. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses was employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with confidence interval of 95% and p value of less than 0.05 considered statically significant.Results The study identified that 39.5% with 95% confidence interval (34.6-44.6%) of pregnant women were had good awareness about obstetrics fistula. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, living in urban AOR=1.98, 95% CI=1.07-3.69], attending formal education [AOR=2.11, 95%CI=1.06-4.12], having history antenatal care [AOR=3.87, 95%CI, =1.60-9.68] and childbirth at health institution [AOR=7.10, 95%CI=2.52-2.02] were have a positive association with awareness of obstetrics fistula. On the other hand, occupation of the respondents: house wife [AOR=0.30, 95% CI=016-0.57] and merchants [AOR= 0.41, 95% CI=0.20-0.91] were have a negative association with awareness of obstetrics fistula.Conclusion This study showed that awareness of obstetrics fistula was low. Residency, education and occupation of the women, having history of antenatal care and childbirth at health institution was significantly associated with awareness of obstetrics fistula. Still there is a gap on awareness of obstetrics fistula; therefore, it is good to emphasis on providing information on maternal health care issues, particularly about obstetrics fistula.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of GmLCL genes alters plant height and internode length in soybean
Authors: Kong Fanjiang , Cheng Qun , Dong Lidong , Su Tong , Gan Zhuoran , Nan Haiyang , Lu Sijia , Fang Chao , Kong Liping , Li Haiyang , Hou Zhihong , Kou Kun , Tang Yang , Lin Xiaoya , Zhao Xiaohui , Chen Liyu , Liu Baohui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Soybean ( Glycine max ) is an important economically crops for plant oil and protein in the world. The plant height as a key trait has significant effects on yield of soybean , however, the research on molecular mechanism for soybean plant height is still unclear. Recently, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated) system as a new technology for gene editing, has been rapidly utilized to edit the genomes of crop plants. Results: Here, we designed four gRNAs to mutate four LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL ( LHY ) / CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 ( CCA1 )- LIKE ( LCL ) genes in soybean. In order to test whether the gRNAs could perform properly in transgenic soybean plants, we first tested the CRISPR construct in transgenic soybean hairy roots using Agrobacterium rhizogenesis strain K599. Once confirmed, we performed stable soybean transformation and obtained nineteen independent transgenic soybean plants. Subsequently, we obtained one T 1 transgene-free homozygous quadruple mutant of GmLCL by self-crossed. The phenotype of T 2 -generation transgene-free quadruple mutant plants were observed and the results showed that quadruple mutant of GmLCL displayed reduced plant height and shortened internodes. In addition, the relative expression levels of gibberellic acid (GA) metabolic pathway genes in the quadruple mutant of GmLCL were significantly decreased than wild type (WT). It suggests that GmLCLs encoding MYB transcription factor affect plant height through mediating the GA pathway in soybean. We also develop some genetic markers to identify mutant for assisting breeding studies. Conclusions: Our results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated targeted mutagenesis of four GmLCL genes reduce soybean plant height and shorten internodes. These findings suggest that manipulation of four GmLCL genes may improve yield by altered plant height and internode length in soybean.
Responses of the photosynthetic characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) to different LED light qualities
Authors: Gao Song , Liu Xuena , Liu Ying , Cao Bili , Chen Zijing , Xu Kun 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The optimized illumination of plants using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is beneficial to their photosynthetic performance. Because of this, in recent years LEDs have been widely used in horticultural facilities. However, there are significant differences in the responses of different crops to light quality. The influence of light quality on photosynthesis needs to be further explored to provide theoretical guidance for the adjustment of the light environment in industrial crop production. This study tested the effects of different qualities of LED lighting (white, W; blue, B; green, G; yellow, Y; and red, R) with the same photosynthetic photon flux density (300 μmol/m2·s) on the growth and development, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, leaf structure, and chloroplast ultrastructure of Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) plants. The results showed that the plant height, leaf area, and fresh weight of plants in the W and B treatments were significantly higher than those in the other treatments. The photosynthetic pigment content and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in the W treatment were significantly higher than those in the monochromatic light treatments, while the transpiration rate (E) and stomatal conductance (Gs) were the highest in the B treatment, and the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was the highest in the Y treatment. Among the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics tested, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) was the highest in the Y treatment, while the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) under dark adaptation (Fv/Fm), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII under light adaptation (Fv'/Fm'), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), actual photochemical efficiency (ΦPSII), and apparent electron transport rate (ETR) all differed among treatments in the following order: W > B > R > G > Y. Both leaf structure and chloroplast ultrastructure showed the most complete development in the B treatment. In summary, in addition to W light, B light significantly improved the photosynthetic efficiency of Welsh onion, whereas Y light significantly reduced the photosynthetic efficiency of this plant.
Comparative transcriptome and metabolic analysis of wild and domesticated wheat genotypes reveals differences in chemical and physical defense responses against aphids
Authors: Batyrshina Zhaniya S , Yaakov Beery , Shavit Reut , Singh Anuradha , Tzin Vered 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Young wheat plants are continuously exposed to insect herbivorous attack. To maintain their fitness, plants have evolved different defense mechanisms, including the biosynthesis of deterrent compounds named benzoxazinoids, and/or trichome formation that provides physical barriers. It is unclear whether both of these mechanisms are equally critical in providing an efficient defense for wheat seedlings against the bird cherry-oat ( Rhopalosiphum padi ) aphid—an economically costly pest in cereal production.
Results: In this study, we compared the transcriptomic, metabolomic, chemical, and physical defenses of three selected wheat genotypes to aphid performance. We chose diverse wheat genotypes, two tetraploid wheat genotypes, domesticated durum ‘Svevo’ and wild emmer ‘Zavitan,’ and one hexaploid bread wheat, ‘Chinese Spring.’ The full transcriptomic analysis revealed a major difference between the three genotypes, while the clustering of significantly different genes suggested a higher similarity between the two domesticated than the wild wheat. A pathway enrichment analysis indicated that genes associated with primary metabolism, as well as the pathways associated with defense such as phytohormones and specialized metabolites, were altered between the three genotypes. Measurement of benzoxazinoid levels at the three time-points (11, 15 and 18 days-after-germination) revealed high abundance levels in the two domesticated genotypes, while the levels were very low in the wild emmer wheat. The Chinese Spring showed a more diverse benzoxazinoid (known and putative) composition than the other two genotypes. In contrast to the benzoxazinoid levels, the trichome density was dramatically higher in the wild emmer than in the domesticated wheat. Evaluation of aphid reproduction indicated that the domesticated bread wheat is more resistant than the tetraploid genotypes.
Conclusions: We compared the amount of benzoxazinoids, the trichome number, and aphid reproduction at three time-points, as well as performing a transcriptome analysis. Overall, the results suggested that although wheat seedlings possess both chemical and physical defenses, the chemical defense plays a more significant defensive role than the physical barriers.
Antibiogram of Biofilm Producing and Non-Producing Community Acquired-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Potential Risk Population of Dharan, Nepal
Authors: Shakya Jenish , Shrestha Bijay Kumar , Subba Prince , Khanal Hemanta 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common cause of hospital acquired infection and community acquired infections. Nowadays these organisms became resistant towards variety of drugs. MRSA is the emerging antibiotic resistant bacteria that are resistant to methicillin antibiotic and known to be the infectious pathogen causing severe infection and a cause of fatal mortality.Materials and methodology Altogether 200 nasal swabs and 200 hand swabs were obtained from participants and transported to microbiology lab in cold chain. The samples were swabbed in mannitol salt agar (MSA) containing oxacillin powder of 6mg/L and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Staphylococcus aureus colonies were identified based on growth characteristics on MSA plates (golden yellow colonies), Gram stain and positive results for coagulase tube test and catalase test. The pure isolated MRSA were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests and biofilm formation assays.Results From our study the overall prevalence of CA-MRSA was 61.5%. Higher frequency of multi-drug resistant MRSA was isolated. The biofilm producing CA-MRSA were 51.2% which showed high drug resistance and rest (48.7%) were non-biofilm producers. There was significant association in biofilm production with multi-drug resistance (p<0.05). Ciprofloxacin was most sensitive drug against the isolates which was statistically significant (p<0.05). The resistant pattern of biofilm producers reported high ability of multi-drug resistance compared to non-biofilm producers (p<0.05). Microtitre plate method was found to be gold standard over tube and congo red agar method for screening biofilm formation. Surprisingly the emergence of VISA and VRSA strains were significantly reported from our study. The prevalence of VISA and VRSA among CA-MRSA was found to be 49.5% and 40.6% respectively among the isolates which indicates the failure of Vancomycin drug in clinical therapy.Conclusions The prevalence of CA-MRSA was found more in barbers followed by beauticians and municipal waste workers in comparison to healthy controls. This study reported the higher carriage of CA-MRSA in potential risk population along with emergence of VISA and VRSA strains. Improvement in personal hygiene and formulation of appropriate health policy helps to prevent CA-MRSA infection. This study concludes that CA-MRSA is still emerging with multi-drug resistance.
Effects of sampling on the elevational distribution of nematode-trapping fungi
Authors: Wei Deng , Jia-Liang Wang , Scott Matt , Yi-Hao Fang , Shuo-Ran Liu , Xiao-Yan Yang , Wen Xiao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Modelling species richness across an elevation gradient has long attracted attention, and at same time places some significant obstacles to research. Many interpretations of patterns and corresponding mechanisms for species distributions are made without consideration of multiple confounding factors. What are factors that affect species richness with elevation? The answer may contribute to better understanding of the elevational distribution patterns and mechanisms.In this study, we performed the research on species richness of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) across an elevation gradient in Yunnan, China.Results The results showed that sampling patterns, sampling altitude range, and human disturbance in sampling site could affect the resulting patterns of species richness significantly.Conclusion The results suggested that future studies on the elevational gradients of species richness should address these factors, and try to adopt the high-sampling patterns to reduce the observation bias.