bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of mindfulness disposition and instructional self-talk on motor performance: a laboratory exploration
Authors: Chiu Yi-Hsiang , Lu Frank J.H. , Gill Diane L. , Lin Tzu-Wen , Chang Chiu-Chen , Wu Shu-Ching 
Published: June 2019

In considering that high mindfulness disposition individuals possess a unique ability to maintain attention and awareness, and attention is one of the key mechanisms of instructional self-talk, the purpose of this study was to examine the interaction of mindfulness disposition and instructional self-talk on motor performance. Forty-nine college students (M age = 18.96 ± 1.08) with high/low mindfulness disposition (high n = 23; low n = 26) selected out of 126 college students performed a discrete motor task (standing long jump) and a continuous motor task (line tracking task) under instructional and unrelated self-talk conditions. Two separate 2 (self-talk type) X 2 (high/low mindfulness) mixed design ANOVA statistical analyses indicated that mindfulness disposition interacted with unrelated self-talk in the line tracking task. Specifically, low mindfulness participants performed poorer than high mindfulness participants in line tracking task under unrelated self-talk. Further, participants performed better in both standing long jump and line tracking under instructional self-talk than unrelated self-talk. Results not only revealed the triangular relationships among mindfulness, self-talk, and motor performance but also indirectly support the role of attention in self-talk effectiveness. Limitations, future research directions, and practical implications were discussed.
The Management Challenge of Sustaining Competitive Advantage through Innovation in Nigerian Business Environment
Authors: Ogbo Ann , Ezeobi Jesse , Ugbam Charles , Okeke Obinna , Ume Kalu Ebere 
Published: June 2019

Organizational learning refers to the sum total of individual and collective learning through training programs, experience, experimentation and work interactions within the organization. Thus, sustainable competitive advantage is the ability to offer superior customer value on an enduring or consistent basis, a situation in which competitors are unable to easily imitate the firm's capacity for value creation. It is worrisome that most literary works have not clearly linked organizational learning with sustainable competitive advantages, as is the case with intellectual capacity (knowledge-based resources) using the resource-based view of the firm. A survey approach was the research design used with particular reference to the South East Zone of Nigeria. Findings revealed that organizational innovation leads to sustained competitive advantage. The Z-statistic value with the corresponding probability value confirms that the organization to a large extent draws its competitive strength jointly from the following factors: creation of new products, changes in way of production, changes in architecture of production, improved ways of sourcing supplies, opening new market opportunities, providing goods and services that others are not yet offering or are not able to copy, being able to offer products of comparable quality at a lower price, maintaining a configuration of resources and capabilities that cannot easily be imitated by competitors, being able to attract customers from competitors due to a positive corporate image and encouraging employees to improve their personal skills. The results total Z-scores in absolute term shows that the listed factors pose challenges to the organization in the process of achieving sustainable competitive advantage through innovation. For further justification, we proceed to their joint significant analysis adopting the one sample Z-test. The proxies employed in this study for the measurement of sustainability agreed with resource-based view strategies on sustainability of competitive advantage in an unstable business environment.
Human Neural Tissues from Neural Stem Cells Using Conductive Biogel and Printed Polymer Microelectrode Arrays for 3D Electrical Stimulation
Authors: Tomaskovic‐Crook Eva , Zhang Peikai , Ahtiainen Annika , Kaisvuo Heidi , Lee Chong‐Yong , Beirne Stephen , Aqrawe Zaid , Svirskis Darren , Hyttinen Jari , Wallace Gordon G. , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka , Crook Jeremy M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectricity is important in the physiology and development of human tissues such as embryonic and fetal development, and tissue regeneration for wound healing. Accordingly, electrical stimulation (ES) is increasingly being applied to influence cell behavior and function for a biomimetic approach to in vitro cell culture and tissue engineering. Here, the application of conductive polymer (CP) poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) pillars is described, direct‐write printed in an array format, for 3D ES of maturing neural tissues that are derived from human neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are initially encapsulated within a conductive polysaccharide‐based biogel interfaced with the CP pillar microelectrode arrays (MEAs), followed by differentiation in situ to neurons and supporting neuroglia during stimulation. Electrochemical properties of the pillar electrodes and the biogel support their electrical performance. Remarkably, stimulated constructs are characterized by widespread tracts of high‐density mature neurons and enhanced maturation of functional neural networks. Formation of tissues using the 3D MEAs substantiates the platform for advanced clinically relevant neural tissue induction, with the system likely amendable to diverse cell types to create other neural and non‐neural tissues. The platform may be useful for both research and translation, including modeling tissue development, function and dysfunction, electroceuticals, drug screening, and regenerative medicine.
Solid Superbase‐Catalyzed Stereoselective 1,4‐Addition Reactions of Simple Amides in Batch and Continuous‐Flow Systems
Authors: Borah Parijat , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Kobayashi Shū 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe utilization of a catalytic solid superbase in fine synthesis is challenging. Here, we employed K/γ‐Al2O3 catalytically as a highly efficient solid superbase to perform direct 1,4‐addition reactions of simple amides with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyls. The desired 1,5‐dicarbonyl compounds were obtained in high yields with excellent anti‐diastereoselectivities. K/γ‐Al2O3 showed a Hammett basicity of 37>H_≥35. The solid base was characterized by using TGA‐DTA, 27Al solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, and XPS to determine the origin of the superbasicity. Continuous‐flow synthesis of a 1,5‐dicarbonyl compound was demonstrated by using the novel solid superbase‐catalyzed 1,4‐addition methodology. We have also uncovered the potential of K/γ‐Al2O3 in asymmetric 1,4‐addition reactions.magnified image
Synthesis of β‐Isoxazole Carbonyl Derivatives and their Analogues via Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential C(sp2)−O/C(sp2)−C(sp3) Bond Formations
Authors: Wu Wanqing , Li Can , Zhou Fei , Li Jianxiao , Xu Xiaoqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn efficient Pd(II)‐catalyzed one‐pot tandem cyclization/alkylation reaction of internal alkynes has been reported. In this reaction, a wide range of structurally diverse β/;‐isoxazole aldehydes/ketones could be obtained in good to excellent yields from various alkynyl oxime ethers and allylic or homoallylic alcohols. The gram‐scale experiment and various transformations of the newly obtained products demonstrated that this method should be a general and useful synthetic tool.magnified image
Asymmetric Vinylogous Mukaiyama‐Mannich Reactions of Heterocyclic Siloxy Dienes with Ellman's Fluorinated Aldimines
Authors: Fustero Santos , Rodenes Miriam , Román Raquel , Sedgwick Daniel M. , Aguado José Enrique , Soloshonok Vadim A. , Han Jianlin , Mei Haibo , Medio‐Simon Mercedes , Barrio Pablo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVinylogous Mukaiyama Mannich reactions of furan and pyrrole based dienoxy silanes with α‐fluoroalkyl sulfinyl imines provide a powerful synthetic access to a variety of amino fluoroalkyl γ‐butenolide‐type and butyrolactam frameworks with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. Anti‐configured adducts were obtained in all cases, independent of the nature of the heteroatom (O or N) present in the dienoxy silane. The absolute configuration of the adducts prepared was unequivocally established by X‐ray crystallographic analysis. It is noteworthy that the introduction of substituents at the γ‐position of the heterocyclic partner allows the generation of adducts bearing chiral quaternary centers.magnified image
Synthesis of (Difluoromethyl)cycloalkenes from 2‐Cycloalkenones by Utilizing Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihiko , Ishida Yuki , Takamizu Yosuke , Yasui Takeshi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDifluoromethyl‐substituted allylic phosphates were synthesized from 2‐cycloalkenones through the addition of a (difluoromethyl)phosphonate and subsequent phospha‐Brook rearrangement. The obtained allylic phosphates were converted to the corresponding difluoromethyl‐substituted cycloalkenes using the Cu‐mediated SN2’ reaction of Grignard or organolithium reagents.magnified image
Oxidative Fluorination of Cu/ZnO Methanol Catalysts
Authors: Dybbert Valentin , Fehr Samuel Matthias , Klein Florian , Schaadt Achim , Hoffmann Anke , Frei Elias , Erdem Emre , Ludwig Thilo , Hillebrecht Harald , Krossing Ingo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe influence of a mild difluorine treatment on Cu/ZnO precatalysts for methanol synthesis was investigated. It led to the incorporation of 1.2…1.3±0.1 wt % fluoride into the material. Fluorination considerably increased the amount of ZnOx related defect sites on the catalysts and significantly increased the space‐time yields. Although the apparent activation energy EA,app for methanol formation from CO2 and H2 was almost unchanged, the EA,app for the reverse water‐gas shift (rWGS) reaction increased considerably. Overall, fluorination led to a significant gain in methanol selectivity and productivity. Apparently, also the quantity of active sites increased.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (+)‐Neooxazolomycin Using a Chirality‐Transfer Strategy
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Kim Illan , Song Yeonghun , Kim Min Jung , Kim Sanghee 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe total synthesis of (+)‐neooxazolomycin was achieved from the amino‐acid d‐serine. The efficiency of this approach is derived from the use of principles of memory of chirality and dynamic kinetic resolution in the intramolecular aldol reaction of a serine derivative to build the densely functionalized lactam framework and to install three contiguous stereocenters. The key intermediate was readily elaborated to the target natural product.
Radical‐Promoted C−C Bond Cleavage: A Deconstructive Approach for Selective Functionalization
Authors: Morcillo Sara P. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractJust as “Deconstructivism” appeared as a novel movement in architecture in the 1980s, deconstructive approaches have recently emerged as excellent strategies for scaffold hopping modifications in chemistry. The deconstruction and functionalization of cyclic molecules mainly involves the cleavage of the carbon–carbon (C−C) bond followed by the construction of new bonds. The cleavage of inert C−C single bonds, especially in unstrained cycles, and their subsequent functionalization is still one of the most sought‐after challenges in chemistry. In this vein, radical‐mediated strategies provide an excellent approach for achieving this aim. This minireview is an outline of the history of homolytic cleavage and highlights the recent advances in exploring new chemical space by deconstructive functionalization.
A de novo formulation of metformin using chitosan‐based nanomicelles for potential diabetes therapy
Authors: Abbasian Mojtaba , Bighlari Parvaneh , Mahmoodzadeh Farideh , Acar Metin Hayri , Jaymand Mehdi 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTA de novo formulation of metformin (MET) was developed through the physical loading of drug into a chitosan‐grafted‐[poly(acryl amide)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid)] [CS‐g‐(PAAm‐b‐PAA)] terpolymer. For this purpose, CS was functionazed with phthalic anhydride followed by 4‐cyano, 4‐[(phenylcarbothioyl)sulfanyl]pentanoic acid to produc a macro‐RAFT agent (CS‐CTA). Afterward, acryl amide and acrylic acid monomers were graft and block copolymerized onto the synthesized CS‐CTA through a reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique to afford CS‐g‐PAAm copolymer and CS‐g‐(PAAm‐b‐PAA) terpolymer, respectively. The fabricated CS‐g‐(PAAm‐b‐PAA) terpolymer was loaded with MET as an anti‐diabetic drug, and its drug release behavior was evaluated in the body simulated environment. As results, it was concluded that the fabricated CS‐g‐(PAAm‐b‐PAA) nanosystem has high potential as de novo drug delivery system (DDS) for diabetes therapy, mainly due to controlled drug release profile in comparison with conventional formulations of MET. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48037.
Computational Insights into Mg‐Cl Complex Electrolytes for Rechargeable Magnesium Batteries
Authors: Moss Jared B. , Zhang Liping , Nielson Kevin V. , Bi Yujing , Wu Chao , Scheiner Steve , Liu T. Leo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDFT calculations were conducted to provide unprecedented thermodynamic insights on tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvation, isomerization, and complexation of possible Mg−Cl coordination species for popular Mg−Cl electrolytes for magnesium batteries. Computational results using the M06‐2x functional with the 6‐31+G(d) basis set indicate that trigonal bipyramidal e,e‐cis‐tbp‐MgCl2(THF)3 dichloride species and octahedral [MgCl(THF)5]+ monochloride species are the dominant mononuclear species. These two can combine to form the dinuclear species [(μ‐Cl)3Mg2(THF)6]+ with a free energy −6.30 kcal/mol, which is calculated to be the dominant Mg−Cl species in solution. Two mono‐cation species, [(μ‐Cl)3Mg2(THF)6]+ and [MgCl(THF)5]+, have comparable LUMO energies, thus both of them can act as active species for Mg deposition. However, the significant dominance of the dinuclear species in the electrolyte indicates that it is the primary species involved in reversible Mg deposition.
Conversion and reversion of anti‐John Cunningham virus antibody serostatus: A prospective study
Authors: Auer Michael , Hegen Harald , Sellner Johann , Oppermann Katrin , Bsteh Gabriel , Di Pauli Franziska , Berger Thomas , Deisenhammer Florian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionDetermination of antibodies against the John Cunningham virus (JCV) is an important tool for risk stratification in Natalizumab‐treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Six‐monthly testing has been suggested for anti‐JCV antibody negative patients and patients with low antibody index in order to detect changes of serostatus. We conducted a prospective study with predefined testing intervals in order to investigate the predictability of anti‐JCV antibody status and the intervals for repetitive testing.MethodsOur study included 109 patients at the MS Clinic of the Departments of Neurology, Medical Universities of Innsbruck and Salzburg. Blood withdrawals were performed at five time points: baseline, month 1, 3, 6, and 12. Patients’ sera were sent to Unilabs, Copenhagen, Denmark, where anti‐JCV antibodies were tested by a two‐step enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Qualitative (negative/positive) and quantitative results (anti‐JCV antibody index) were used for statistical analyses.ResultsIn our cohort, 52.3% of the patients were positive for anti‐JCV antibodies at baseline, with a significant correlation with age, but no association with sex or prior disease‐modifying therapy. Seven patients converted and reverted from negative to positive status and vice versa around the cut‐off index of 0.4, but no patient showed a permanent seroconversion from negative to highly positive anti‐JCV antibody status.ConclusionLong‐term anti‐JCV antibody status, including seroconverters/‐reverters around the cut‐off index, is highly predictable by testing three times within short intervals, however, we cannot suggest clearly defined intervals for repetitive testing. The rate of real seroconverters, i.e., new infections with JCV, per year seems lower than previously described.
PtII‐Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Terminal Aliphatic C(sp3)−H Bonds with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Janssen Michiel , De Vos Dirk E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe practical application of Shilov‐type Pt catalysis to the selective hydroxylation of terminal aliphatic C−H bonds remains a formidable challenge, due to difficulties in replacing PtIV with a more economically viable oxidant, particularly O2. We report the potential of employing FeCl2 as a suitable redox mediator to overcome the kinetic hurdles related to the direct use of O2 in the Pt reoxidation. For the selective conversion of butyric acid to γ‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), a significantly enhanced catalyst activity and stability (turnover numbers (TON)>30) were achieved under 20 bar O2 in comparison to current state‐of‐the‐art systems (TON<10). In this regard, essential reaction parameters affecting the overall activity were identified, along with specific additives to attain catalyst stability at longer reaction times. Notably, deactivation by reduction to Pt0 was prevented by the addition of monodentate pyridine derivatives, such as 2‐fluoropyridine, but also by introducing varying partial pressures of N2 in the gaseous atmosphere. Finally, stability tests revealed the involvement of PtII and FeCl2 in catalyzing the non‐selective overoxidation of GHB. Accordingly, in situ esterification with boric acid proved to be a suitable strategy to maintain enhanced selectivities at much higher conversions (TON>60). Altogether, a useful catalytic system for the selective hydroxylation of primary aliphatic C−H bonds with O2 is presented.
Canopy disturbance and gap partitioning promote the persistence of a pioneer tree population in a near‐climax temperate forest of the Qinling Mountains, China
Authors: Guo Yaoxin , Zhao Peng , Yue Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn unresolved question of temperate forests is how pioneer tree species persist in mature forests. In order to understand the responsible mechanisms, we investigated a near‐climax mixed temperate forest dominated by Betula albosinensis in the Qinling Mountains of China. Through establishing four 50 m × 50 m plots, we examined the canopy disturbance characteristics and its effects on tree recruitments. We further test the intra‐ and interspecific effects on the recruitment of B. albosinensis. The obtained data demonstrated canopy disturbance was frequent but most small‐sized. The canopy gaps are caused mainly by adult B. albosinensis by snapping. The regeneration of coexistent tree species shows a distinct preference for gap size. B. albosinensis were clumped at the juvenile stage and small scales. B. albosinensis juveniles were positively associated with B. utilis juveniles and negatively associated with the conspecific and B. utilis large trees. In addition, B. albosinensis juveniles showed negative associations with contemporary other tree species. Our results suggested that canopy disturbance caused by canopy trees and gap partitioning among the coexistent tree species are important for the persistence of the mixed forest. As a main gapmaker, B. albosinensis appear to develop a self‐perpetuating life‐history trait and allow them to persist.
Designing network‐connected systems for ecological research and education
Authors: Kubizňák Petr , Hochachka Wesley M. , Osoba Vlastimil , Kotek Tomáš , Kuchař Jan , Klapetek Václav , Hradcová Kateřina , Růžička Jan , Zárybnická Markéta 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile networked sensors are becoming a ubiquitous part of many human lives, their applications to the study of wild animals have been largely limited to off‐the‐shelf and stand‐alone technologies such as web cameras. However, purpose‐designed systems, applying features found in Internet‐of‐Things devices, enable more efficient gathering, managing, and disseminating of a diverse array of data needed to study the life histories of wild animals. We illustrate these claims based on our development of a system of networked nest boxes that we created to study nesting birds in urban environments. This system uses general‐purpose processors within nest boxes to perform edge computing to control data acquisition, processing, and management from multiple sensors. A central data‐management system permits easy access to all data, once downloaded, which has facilitated our uses to date of this system for formal university‐ and school‐level education, and informal science education.
Incorporating citizen science data in spatially explicit integrated population models
Authors: Sun Catherine C. , Royle J. Andrew , Fuller Angela K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInformation about population abundance, distribution, and demographic rates is critical for understanding a species’ ecology and for effective conservation and management. To collect data over large spatial and temporal extents for such inferences, especially for species with low densities or wide distributions, citizen science can be an efficient approach. Integrated models have also emerged as an important methodology to estimate population parameters by combining multiple types of data, including citizen science data. We developed a spatially explicit integrated model that combines opportunistically collected presence–absence (PA) data, commonly collected in citizen science efforts, with systematically collected spatial capture–recapture (SCR) data, which are often limited to small spatial and temporal extents. We conducted single and multi‐season simulations with parameters informed by North American black bear (Ursus americanus) populations, to evaluate the influence of varying amounts of opportunistic PA data collected at larger spatial and temporal extents on the estimation of population‐level parameters. Integrating opportunistic PA data increased the precision and accuracy of posterior estimates of abundance, and survival and recruitment rates. In some cases, adding PA locations improved abundance estimates more than increasing PA detection probability. Posterior estimates were as precise and unbiased as when higher quality, but sparse, SCR data were available. We also applied the integrated model to SCR and citizen science PA data collected on black bears in New York, with results consistent with our simulations. Our findings indicate that citizen science in integrated models can be a cost‐efficient way to improve estimates of population parameters and increase the spatiotemporal extent of inference. Continued developments with integrated models and citizen science data will offer additional ways to improve our understanding of population structure and demographics.
Pyridine‐Stabilized Rhodium Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids as Selective Hydrogenation and Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts
Authors: Serrano‐Maldonado Alejandro , Martin Erika , Guerrero‐Ríos Itzel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Itzel Guerrero‐Ríos from Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. The cover image shows a drop of ionic liquid containing pyridine‐stabilized rhodium nanoparticles, whose performance as hydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation catalyst has been investigated.