bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drp1 and RB interaction to mediate mitochondria-dependent necroptosis induced by cadmium in hepatocytes
Authors: Zhang Shili , Che Lin , He Chengyong , Huang Jing , Guo Nijun , Shi Jiazhang , Lin Yuchun , Lin Zhongning 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMitochondrial quality control (MQC) is implicated in cell death induced by heavy metal pollutants. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) regulates mitochondrial fission, which is an important part of MQC. Retinoblastoma (RB) protein can regulate MQC in a transcription-independent manner. Necroptosis plays a critical role in hepatic pathologies such as inflammatory, infectious, and xenobiotics-induced injury and diseases. We aimed to explore the role and mechanism of Drp1 interaction with RB in hepatocyte’s necroptosis caused by cadmium (Cd). CdCl2 was employed to expose to Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice and human hepatic L02 cells. CdCl2 exposure induced necroptosis and hepatic injury both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, Drp1 and RB protein were up-regulated and translocated to mitochondria in CdCl2-exposed hepatocytes. Inhibition of Drp1 with siRNA (siDNM1L) or inhibitors not only suppressed the RB expression and its mitochondrial translocation, but also alleviated MQC disorder, necroptosis, and hepatotoxicity caused by CdCl2. Moreover, blocking Drp1 with metformin rescued necroptosis and hepatic injury triggered by CdCl2. RB was proved to directly interact with Drp1 at mitochondria to form a complex which then bound to receptor interaction protein kinase (RIPK3) and enhanced the formation of necrosome after CdCl2 exposure. In summary, we found a new molecular mechanism of regulated cell death that Drp1 interacted with RB and promoted them mitochondrial translocation to mediate necroptosis and hepatic injury in hepatocytes induced by Cd-exposure. The mitochondrial Drp1-RB axis would be a novel target for the protection cells from xenobiotics triggering hepatic injury and diseases involved in necroptosis.
The exosome-like vesicles from osteoarthritic chondrocyte enhanced mature IL-1β production of macrophages and aggravated synovitis in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ni Zhenhong , Kuang Liang , Chen Hangang , Xie Yangli , Zhang Bin , Ouyang Junjie , Wu Jiangyi , Zhou Siru , Chen Liang , Su Nan , Tan QiaoYan , Luo Xiaoqing , Chen Bo , Chen Shuai , Yin Liangjun , Huang Haiyang , Du Xiaolan , Chen Lin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSynovitis, a common clinical symptom for osteoarthritis (OA) patients, is highly related to OA pathological progression and pain manifestation. The activated synovial macrophages have been demonstrated to play an important role in synovitis, but the mechanisms about macrophage activation are still not clear. In this study, we found that the exosome-like vesicles from osteoarthritic chondrocytes could be a new biological factor to stimulate inflammasome activation and increase mature IL-1β production in macrophages. The degraded cartilage explants produced more exosome-like vesicles than the nondegraded ones, while the exosome-like vesicles from chondrocytes could enter into joint synovium tissue and macrophages. Moreover, the exosome-like vesicles from osteoarthritic chondrocytes enhanced the production of mature IL-1β in macrophages. These vesicles could inhibit ATG4B expression via miR-449a-5p, leading to inhibition of autophagy in LPS-primed macrophages. The decreased autophagy promoted the production of mitoROS, which further enhanced the inflammasome activation and subsequent IL-1β processing. Ultimately, the increase of mature IL-1β may aggravate synovial inflammation and promote the progression of OA disease. Our study provides a new perspective to understand the activation of synovial macrophages and synovitis in OA patients, which may be beneficial for therapeutic intervention in synovitis-related OA patients.
The effect of X-linked dosage compensation on complex trait variation
Authors: Sidorenko Julia , Kassam Irfahan , Kemper Kathryn E. , Zeng Jian , Lloyd-Jones Luke R. , Montgomery Grant W. , Gibson Greg , Metspalu Andres , Esko Tonu , Yang Jian , McRae Allan F. , Visscher Peter M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractQuantitative genetics theory predicts that X-chromosome dosage compensation (DC) will have a detectable effect on the amount of genetic and therefore phenotypic trait variances at associated loci in males and females. Here, we systematically examine the role of DC in humans in 20 complex traits in a sample of more than 450,000 individuals from the UK Biobank and 1600 gene expression traits from a sample of 2000 individuals as well as across-tissue gene expression from the GTEx resource. We find approximately twice as much X-linked genetic variation across the UK Biobank traits in males (mean h2SNP = 0.63%) compared to females (mean h2SNP = 0.30%), confirming the predicted DC effect. Our DC estimates for complex traits and gene expression are consistent with a small proportion of genes escaping X-inactivation in a trait- and tissue-dependent manner. Finally, we highlight examples of biologically relevant X-linked heterogeneity between the sexes that bias DC estimates if unaccounted for.
Coherent microwave-photon-mediated coupling between a semiconductor and a superconducting qubit
Authors: Scarlino P. , van Woerkom D. J. , Mendes U. C. , Koski J. V. , Landig A. J. , Andersen C. K. , Gasparinetti S. , Reichl C. , Wegscheider W. , Ensslin K. , Ihn T. , Blais A. , Wallraff A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSemiconductor qubits rely on the control of charge and spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes confined in quantum dots. They constitute a promising approach to quantum information processing, complementary to superconducting qubits. Here, we demonstrate coherent coupling between a superconducting transmon qubit and a semiconductor double quantum dot (DQD) charge qubit mediated by virtual microwave photon excitations in a tunable high-impedance SQUID array resonator acting as a quantum bus. The transmon-charge qubit coherent coupling rate (~21 MHz) exceeds the linewidth of both the transmon (~0.8 MHz) and the DQD charge qubit (~2.7 MHz). By tuning the qubits into resonance for a controlled amount of time, we observe coherent oscillations between the constituents of this hybrid quantum system. These results enable a new class of experiments exploring the use of two-qubit interactions mediated by microwave photons to create entangled states between semiconductor and superconducting qubits.
Magnetic origami creates high performance micro devices
Authors: Gabler Felix , Karnaushenko Dmitriy D. , Karnaushenko Daniil , Schmidt Oliver G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSelf-assembly of two-dimensional patterned nanomembranes into three-dimensional micro-architectures has been considered a powerful approach for parallel and scalable manufacturing of the next generation of micro-electronic devices. However, the formation pathway towards the final geometry into which two-dimensional nanomembranes can transform depends on many available degrees of freedom and is plagued by structural inaccuracies. Especially for high-aspect-ratio nanomembranes, the potential energy landscape gives way to a manifold of complex pathways towards misassembly. Therefore, the self-assembly yield and device quality remain low and cannot compete with state-of-the art technologies. Here we present an alternative approach for the assembly of high-aspect-ratio nanomembranes into microelectronic devices with unprecedented control by remotely programming their assembly behavior under the influence of external magnetic fields. This form of magnetic Origami creates micro energy storage devices with excellent performance and high yield unleashing the full potential of magnetic field assisted assembly for on-chip manufacturing processes.
White matter neuron biology and neuropathology in schizophrenia
Authors: Duchatel Ryan J. , Shannon Weickert Cynthia , Tooney Paul A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSchizophrenia is considered a neurodevelopmental disorder as it often manifests before full brain maturation and is also a cerebral cortical disorder where deficits in GABAergic interneurons are prominent. Whilst most neurons are located in cortical and subcortical grey matter regions, a smaller population of neurons reside in white matter tracts of the primate and to a lesser extent, the rodent brain, subjacent to the cortex. These interstitial white matter neurons (IWMNs) have been identified with general markers for neurons [e.g., neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN)] and with specific markers for neuronal subtypes such as GABAergic neurons. Studies of IWMNs in schizophrenia have primarily focused on their density underneath cortical areas known to be affected in schizophrenia such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Most of these studies of postmortem brains have identified increased NeuN+ and GABAergic IWMN density in people with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Whether IWMNs are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia or if they are increased because of the cortical pathology in schizophrenia is unknown. We also do not understand how increased IWMN might contribute to brain dysfunction in the disorder. Here we review the literature on IWMN pathology in schizophrenia. We provide insight into the postulated functional significance of these neurons including how they may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Preparation and mechanism research of Ni-Co supported catalyst on hydrogen production from coal pyrolysis
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wen Xin , Kong Tingting , Zhang Lei , Gao Long , Miao Lintian , Li Yong-hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe combustible gas produced by coal pyrolysis can be used as a clean fuel to reduce environmental pollution caused by coal combustion. In order to improve the efficiency of coal pyrolysis to prepare flammable gases, Ni-Co supported pyrolysis catalysts were prepared by equal volume impregnation method using the pyrolysis coke of different pyrolysis final temperatures as the carrier in this study. The effects of different pyrolysis final temperatures and different metal loadings on pyrolysis products were studied. The cracking mechanism of the catalysts was characterized by BET, XRD, XPS and SEM. The results show that: (1) the catalytic efficiency of pyrolysis coke catalyst is mainly related to the metal type and loading of the additive. (2) The optimum preparation conditions for the supported catalyst are: use pyrolysis coke with 750 °C final pyrolysis temperature as the carrier, the loading amount of Ni is 5%, and the loading amount of Co is 8%.
MicroRNA-212-3p inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Suppressing CTGF expression
Authors: Chen Jian-qing , Ou Yang-liu , Huang Zhi-ping , Hong Yong-gang , Tao Yuan-ping , Wang Zhen-guang , Ni Jun-sheng , Hao Li-qiang , Lin Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicroRNA-212-3p inhibits several human cancers but its effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we show that miR-212-3p is down-regulated in HCC cell lines and tissues, and correlates with vascular invasion (p = 0.001), and the absence of capsule formation (p = 0.009). We found that miR-212-3p influenced the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of HCCLM3 and Huh7 cells. Mechanistically, miR-212-3p repressed cell invasion through the suppression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). We therefore validate the anti-HCC effects of miR-212-3p through its ability to suppress CTGF and subsequent EMT.
Change in the site density and surface acidity of clay minerals by acid or alkali spills and its effect on pH buffering capacity
Authors: Jeon Inhyeong , Nam Kyoungphile 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChanges in the site density and surface acidity constants (i.e. pKa1 and pKa2) of kaolinite and montmorillonite were determined after acid or alkali spills, and pH buffering capacity was evaluated as a parameter of soil function change. Surface complexation modeling with potentiometric titrations and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that acid or alkali spills did not significantly change the surface properties of kaolinite. In montmorillonite, however, acid spills decreased the basal site density from 832 to 737 mmol kg−1 by dissolving substituted octahedral cations and decreased pKa2 from 7.32 to 5.42 by dissolving SiOH. In response to alkali spills, the basal site density increased to 925 mmol kg−1, and the edge site density increased from 84.8 to 253 mmol kg−1 due to AlOH and SiOH formation; thus, pKa2 decreased to 6.78. The pH buffering capacity of acid- or alkali-spilled kaolinite at pH 6 did not significantly change, while that of acid- or alkali-spilled montmorillonite increased from 30.3 to 35.9 and 56.0 mmol kg−1, respectively. Our results indicate that these spills greatly altered the surface properties of montmorillonite, but unexpectedly, increased the pH buffering capacity of montmorillonite.
Human Polyclonal Antibodies Prevent Lethal Zika Virus Infection in Mice
Authors: Branche Emilie , Simon Ayo Yila , Sheets Nicholas , Kim Kenneth , Barker Douglas , Nguyen Anh-Viet T. , Sahota Harpreet , Young Matthew Perry , Salgado Rebecca , Mamidi Anila , Viramontes Karla M. , Carnelley Trevor , Qiu Hongyu , Elong Ngono Annie , Regla-Nava Jose Angel , Susantono Mercylia Xevana , Valls Cuevas Joan M. , Kennedy Kieron , Kodihalli Shantha , Shresta Sujan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a major threat to global health. ZIKV infections in adults are generally asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms. However, recent outbreaks of ZIKV have revealed that it can cause Congenital Zika Syndrome in neonates and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Currently, no ZIKV-specific vaccines or antiviral treatments are available. In this study, we tested the efficacy of convalescent plasma IgG hyperimmune product (ZIKV-IG) isolated from individuals with high neutralizing anti-ZIKV titers as a therapeutic candidate against ZIKV infection using a model of ZIKV infection in Ifnar1−/− mice. ZIKV-IG successfully protected mice from lethal ZIKV challenge. In particular, ZIKV-IG treatment at 24 hours after lethal ZIKV infection improved survival by reducing weight loss and tissue viral burden and improving clinical score. Additionally, ZIKV-IG eliminated ZIKV-induced tissue damage and inflammation in the brain and liver. These results indicate that ZIKV-IG is efficacious against ZIKV, suggesting this human polyclonal antibody is a viable candidate for further development as a treatment against human ZIKV infection.
A Qualitative Exploration of the Role and Needs of Classroom Teachers in Supporting the Mental Health and Well-Being of Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children
Authors: Furness Emily , Li Ian W. , Patterson Lisa , Brennan-Jones Christopher G. , Eikelboom Robert H. , Cross Donna , Fisher Colleen 
Published: July 2019

PurposeChildren who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) face a wide array of issues that can impact their mental health and well-being. This study aimed to explore the role of schools and classroom teachers in supporting the mental health and well-being of DHH children.MethodA qualitative study comprising telephone and semistructured interviews with 12 mainstream school classroom teachers who directly support the education and well-being of DHH children was conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.ResultClassroom teachers indicated they play an important role in supporting the mental health and well-being of DHH children but identified a range of constraints to providing this support. Four themes were identified: (a) “culture of professional practice,” (b) “operationalized practice,” (c) “constraints to practice,” and (d) “solutions for constraints.”ConclusionsClassroom teachers play an important role in supporting the mental health and well-being of DHH children but face several constraints in their practice, including limited training and awareness and access to resources. While further research is needed, this study suggests that classroom resources and teacher professional development are needed to enhance classroom teachers' understanding of how to support the mental health and well-being of DHH children.
The Single-mode Complex Amplitude Refinement (SCAR) coronagraph
Authors: Por E. H. , Haffert S. Y. 
Published: July 2019

Context. The recent discovery of an Earth-mass exoplanet around the nearby star Proxima Centauri provides a prime target for the search for life on planets outside our solar system. Atmospheric characterization of these planets has been proposed by blocking the starlight with a stellar coronagraph and using a high-resolution spectrograph to search for reflected starlight off the planet.
Aims. Due to the large flux ratio and small angular separation between Proxima b and its host star (≲10−7 and ≲2.2λ/D respectively; at 750 nm for an 8 m-class telescope) the coronagraph requires high starlight suppression at extremely-low inner working angles. Additionally, it must operate over a broad spectral bandwidth and under residual telescope vibrations. This allows for efficient use of spectroscopic post-processing techniques. We aim to find the global optimum of an integrated coronagraphic integral-field spectrograph.
Methods. We present the Single-mode Complex Amplitude Refinement (SCAR) coronagraph that uses a microlens-fed single-mode fiber array in the focal plane downstream from a pupil-plane phase plate. The mode-filtering property of the single-mode fibers allows for the nulling of starlight on the fibers. The phase pattern in the pupil plane is specifically designed to take advantage of this mode-filtering capability. Second-order nulling on the fibers expands the spectral bandwidth and decreases the tip-tilt sensitivity of the coronagraph.
Results. The SCAR coronagraph has a low inner working angle (∼1λ/D) at a contrast of < 3 × 10−5 for the six fibers surrounding the star using a sufficiently-good adaptive optics system. It can operate over broad spectral bandwidths (∼20%) and delivers high throughput (> 50% including fiber injection losses). Additionally, it is robust against tip-tilt errors (∼0.1λ/D rms). We present SCAR designs for both an unobstructed and a VLT-like pupil.
Conclusions. The SCAR coronagraph is a promising candidate for exoplanet detection and characterization around nearby stars using current high-resolution imaging instruments.
Linked color imaging confers benefits in profiling H. pylori infection in the stomach
Authors: Sun Xiaotian , Bi Yiliang , Nong Bing , Hu Duanmin , Sun Xiaomin , Chen Honglei , Xu Yang , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims There is a high prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection. White light endoscopy (WLE) can be used for evaluating the mucosal lesions, but it does not have high diagnostic efficiency. Linked color imaging (LCI) is a newly developed endoscopic imaging technique. The aim of this study was to compare LCI with WLE in detecting and staging H. pylori infection in the stomach in a randomized controlled clinical trial.
Patients and methods A total of 253 patients who had indications for gastroduodenoscopy were enrolled and randomized into Group A (n = 127), who underwent WLE followed by LCI, and Group B (n = 126), who underwent LCI followed by WLE. Clinical data were collected and the diagnostic accuracy of WLE and LCI was calculated and compared.
Results The overall diagnostic accuracy of WLE and LCI for H. pylori infection was 31.5 % (n = 40) and 50.4 % (n = 64) in Group A (P = 0.001), and 36.5 % (n = 46) and 49.2 % (n = 62) in Group B (P = 0.029). In both groups, LCI had higher sensitivity, specificity, and Youden index scores than WLE. Four stages were defined in the course of H. pylori infection in the stomach. LCI staging results were more highly consistent with pathological staging than were WLE staging results (kappa value 0.772 vs. 0.516). The LCI observations were closely correlated with the pathology.
Conclusion LCI had a higher diagnostic efficacy for H. pylori infection in the stomach. Endoscopic color features under LCI can help to stage and profile H. pylori-associated gastritis.
Hypnosetechniken auf der Intensivstation
Authors: Held Annette , Grunwald Katrin 
Published: July 2019

ZusammenfassungSchwebende Jungfrauen, willenlose Menschen, die auf Befehl die merkwürdigsten
Dinge tun – mit Hypnose verbinden die meisten Menschen eher negative Gefühle
oder Einstellungen. Dabei kann diese Technik, seine Aufmerksamkeit zu
fokussieren und somit Reize von außen zu reduzieren, in Notfall- oder
Extremsituationen dabei helfen, schmerzhafte oder angsteinflößende Prozeduren zu
ertragen. Und das kann gerade für Intensivpatienten hilfreich sein.
Salvage cryotherapy in patients undergoing endoscopic eradication therapy for complicated Barrett’s esophagus
Authors: Spiceland Clayton M. , Elmunzer B. Joseph , Paros Samuel , Roof Logan , McVey Molly , Hawes Robert , Hoffman Brenda J. , Elias Puja S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background and study aims Some patients with dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus (BE) experience suboptimal response to radiofrequency ablation (RFA), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), or the combination. Cryotherapy has been used as salvage therapy in these patients, but outcomes data are limited. We aimed to assess clinical outcomes among a large cohort of patients with dysplastic BE whose condition had failed to respond to RFA and/or EMR.
Patients and methods This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive cases of dysplastic BE or intramucosal carcinoma (IMC) treated with salvage cryotherapy at a tertiary-care academic medical center. The primary goal of cryotherapy treatment was eradication of all neoplasia. The secondary goal was eradication of all intestinal metaplasia. The proportion of patients undergoing salvage cryotherapy who achieved complete eradication of dysplasia (CE-D) and metaplasia (CE-IM), as well as the time to CE-D and CE-IM were calculated.
Results Over a 12-year period, 46 patients received salvage cryotherapy. All patients underwent RFA prior to cryotherapy, either at our center or prior to referral, and 50 % of patients underwent EMR. A majority of patients (54 %) had high-grade dysplasia (HGD) at referral, while 33 % had low-grade dysplasia (LGD), and 13 % had IMC. Overall, 38 patients (83 %) reached CE-D and 21 (46 %) reached CE-IM. Median time to CE-D was 18 months, median number of total interventions (RFA, cryotherapy, and EMR) was five, and median number of cryotherapy sessions was two.
Conclusion Salvage cryotherapy appears safe and effective for treating BE that is refractory to RFA and/or EMR.
Online hatred of women in the Incels.me forum
Authors: Jaki Sylvia , De Smedt Tom , Gwóźdź Maja , Panchal Rudresh , Rossa Alexander , De Pauw Guy 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a study of the (now suspended) online discussion forum Incels.me and its users,involuntary celibatesorincels, a virtual community of isolated men without a sexual life, who see women as the cause of their problems and often use the forum for misogynistic hate speech and other forms of incitement. Involuntary celibates have attracted media attention and concern, after a killing spree in April 2018 in Toronto, Canada. The aim of this study is to shed light on the group dynamics of the incel community, by applying mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyze how the users of the forum create in-group identity and how they construct major out-groups, particularly women. We investigate the vernacular used by incels, apply automatic profiling techniques to determine who they are, discuss the hate speech posted in the forum, and propose a Deep Learning system that is able to detect instances of misogyny, homophobia, and racism, with approximately 95% accuracy.