bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Clear and Loud Speech Cues on Acoustic and Perceptual Features of Speech Production in Adolescents With Down Syndrome
Authors: Darling-White Meghan , McHugh Allison 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
There are few evidence-based speech interventions designed to alter speech production in a way that ultimately results in increased speech intelligibility in adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). The primary purpose of this study was to examine the impact of clear and loud speech cues on acoustic and perceptual features of speech production in adolescents with DS.

Method:
Eight adolescents diagnosed with DS repeated sentences of varying lengths in three conditions: habitual, big mouth (i.e., clear speech), and strong voice (i.e., loud speech). Four hundred eighty adult listeners (20 listeners per adolescent per condition) provided orthographic transcriptions of adolescent's speech, which were used to calculate intelligibility scores. Acoustic measures of speech rate, articulation rate, proportion of time spent pausing, vocal intensity, and fundamental frequency were calculated for each sentence.

Results:
The big mouth condition resulted in significantly increased intelligibility, slowed speech and articulation rates, increased pauses, increased vocal intensity, and increased fundamental frequency. The strong voice condition resulted in significantly increased vocal intensity and fundamental frequency, but no other changes. Speech rate was the only variable that explained any of the variance in intelligibility.

Conclusions:
Adolescents with DS respond differently to clear and loud speech cues. In particular, clear speech cues resulted in significant increases in intelligibility, but loud speech cues did not. Clear speech cues hold promise as an intervention strategy for adolescents with DS.
Dynamic hierarchical intrusion detection system for internet of vehicle on edge computing platform
Authors: S Syed Sabir Mohamed , Gunasekaran Saranraj , Chinnamuthu Rani , Singh Gavendra 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn recent days, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and its network of connected automobiles have revealed several new security risks. Classical intrusion detection systems face challenges in identifying intrusions due to the growing number of vehicles, the dynamic nature of IoV, and limited resources. A hierarchical clustering method allows dividing the IoV network into clusters. The elements that determine the outcome are the geographical proximity and the traffic density. It is called the Dynamic Hierarchical Intrusion Detection Framework (DHIDF) for the IoV. To protect infrastructure and passengers, an IoV‐specific DHIDF using edge computing has been proposed. Because of this, anomaly detection and localised assessment of danger will become less required. The application of DHIDF on a large scale inside the ecosystem of IoV is not entirely out of the question. The term encompasses several subfields, including intelligent transportation networks (ITNs), smart city infrastructure, fleet management, transportation, and autonomous vehicle systems. The efficacy of DHIDF is assessed through simulations that replicate current and potential future threats, including those related to the Internet of Things. Analysis of key performance parameters, including response time, detection accuracy, asset utilization, and scalability, has been conducted to assess the system's feasibility and durability.
The restoration strategy for multiple faults in active distribution networks considering road‐network coupling
Authors: Liu Weiyan , Liu Hengyu , Hu Zhe , Luo Yanhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis brief investigates the multi‐point fault repair problem in active distribution networks, establishing resilience assessment metrics and constructing a fault repair mathematical model with road network coupling. An improved genetic algorithm is proposed, utilizing a comparison crossover operator and population information entropy. Compared to traditional algorithms, the comparison crossover operator preserves high‐quality genes, while population information entropy maintains diversity, preventing the algorithm from converging on local optima. Simulation analysis demonstrates that the proposed fault repair method can restore normal power supply to distribution network lines within a short period and offers significant advantages in fault repair tasks.
A novel partitioned hybrid PWM strategy to reduce the common‐mode voltage in three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped inverters
Authors: Song Cheng , Wang Libo , Du Jinhua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTo reduce the common‐mode voltage (CMV) generated during the operation of the three‐level neutral‐point‐clamped (3L‐NPC) inverters, this study proposes a partitioned hybrid pulse width modulation (PHPWM) strategy. In this strategy, the three‐level vector space is divided into high‐modulation region and low‐modulation region according to the modulation index. The reference voltage is synthesized by only medium and small basic vectors with low CMV magnitude. In the low‐modulation region, a clamped level method and a five‐segment asymmetric switching sequence are adopted to reduce the loss and current distortion. In the high‐modulation region, it repartitions the vector space by medium vectors and takes a seven‐segment asymmetric switching sequence to reduce the loss and distortion slightly. The simulation results for the PHPWM strategy and the other two strategies are compared to demonstrate the superiority of PHPWM. The experiment results verify its feasibility. The results indicate that the PHPWM is capable of restricting the CMV within 1/6 of the DC‐linkage voltage and it can make a balance between efficiency and output total harmonic distortion.
Simulating the LOcal Web (SLOW)
Authors: Böss Ludwig M. , Dolag Klaus , Steinwandel Ulrich P. , Hernández-Martínez Elena , Khabibullin Ildar , Seidel Benjamin , Sorce Jenny G. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. Detecting diffuse synchrotron emission from the cosmic web is still a challenge for current radio telescopes. We aim to make predictions about the detectability of cosmic web filaments from simulations.
Methods. We present the first cosmological magnetohydrodynamic simulation of a 500 h−1 c Mpc volume with an on-the-fly spectral cosmic ray (CR) model. This allows us to follow the evolution of populations of CR electrons and protons within every resolution element of the simulation. We modeled CR injection at shocks, while accounting for adiabatic changes to the CR population and high-energy-loss processes of electrons. The synchrotron emission was then calculated from the aged electron population, using the simulated magnetic field, as well as different models for the origin and amplification of magnetic fields. We used constrained initial conditions, which closely resemble the local Universe, and compared the results of the cosmological volume to a zoom-in simulation of the Coma cluster, to study the impact of resolution and turbulent reacceleration of CRs on the results.
Results. We find a consistent injection of CRs at accretion shocks onto cosmic web filaments and galaxy clusters. This leads to diffuse emission from filaments of the order Sν ≈ 0.1 μJy beam−1 for a potential LOFAR observation at 144 MHz, when assuming the most optimistic magnetic field model. The flux can be increased by up to two orders of magnitude for different choices of CR injection parameters. This can bring the flux within a factor of ten of the current limits for direct detection. We find a spectral index of the simulated synchrotron emission from filaments of α ≈ −1.0 to –1.5 in the LOFAR band.
Driven two-fluid slow magnetoacoustic waves in the solar chromosphere with a realistic ionisation profile
Authors: Niedziela R. , Murawski K. , Poedts S. 
Published: November 2024

Context. This study was carried out in the context of chromosphere heating.
Aims. This paper aims to discuss the evolution of driven slow magnetoacoustic waves (SMAWs) in the solar chromosphere modelled with a realistic ionisation profile and to consider their potential role in plasma heating and the generation of plasma outflows.
Methods. Two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere are performed using the JOANNA code. The dynamic behaviour of the atmospheric plasma is governed by the two-fluid equations (with ionisation and recombination terms taken into account) for neutrals (hydrogen atoms) and ions (protons)+electrons. The initial atmosphere is described by a hydrostatic equilibrium (HE) supplemented by the Saha equation (SE) and embedded in a fanning magnetic field. This initial equilibrium is perturbed by a monochromatic driver which operates in the chromosphere on the vertical components of the ion and neutral velocities.
Results. Our work shows that the HE+SE model results in time-averaged (net) plasma outflows in the top chromosphere, which are larger than their pure HE counterpart. The parametric studies demonstrate that the largest chromosphere temperature rise occurs for smaller wave driving periods. The plasma outflows exhibit the opposite trend, growing with the driver period.
Conclusions. We find that the inclusion of the HE+SE plasma background plays a key role in the evolution of SMAWs in the solar atmosphere.
Chemo-dynamics of the stellar component of the Sculptor dwarf galaxy
Authors: Arroyo-Polonio José María , Battaglia Giuseppina , Thomas Guillaume F. , Pascale Raffaele , Tolstoy Eline , Nipoti Carlo 
Published: November 2024

Aims. Recently, both the presence of multiple stellar chemo-kinematic components and rotation in the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy have been put into question. Therefore, we re-examine the chemo-kinematic properties of this galaxy, making use of the best spectroscopic dataset available containing both the line-of-sight velocities and metallicities of individual stars.
Methods. We carried out a detailed, quantitative analysis on a recent spectroscopic dataset from the literature that contains high precision velocities and metallicities for 1339 members of Sculptor. In particular, we assessed whether Sculptor is best represented by a single stellar population with a negative metallicity gradient or by the super-position of two or more components with a different mean metallicity, spatial distribution, and kinematic properties. For this analysis, we also include the incompleteness of the spectroscopic dataset.
Results. We find that Sculptor is better described by a two-population model than by a single-population model with a metallicity gradient. Moreover, given the assumptions of the current modeling, we find evidence of a third population, composed of few stars, that is more extended and metal-poor than the two other populations. This very metal-poor group of stars shows a shift of ~15 km s−1 in its average line-of-sight velocity (vlos) with respect to the rest of the galaxy. We discuss several possible origins for this new population, finding a minor merger as the most likely one. We also find a vlos gradient of 4.0−1.5+1.5 km s−1 deg−1 but its statistical evidence is inconclusive and, moreover, its detection is partially driven by the group of stars with off-set velocities.
A kinematical study of the launching region of the blueshifted HH 46/47 outflow with SINFONI K-band observations
Authors: Birney M. , Dougados C. , Whelan E. T. , Nisini B. , Cabrit S. , Zhang Y. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Studying outflows is important, as they may significantly contribute to angular momentum removal from a star-disc system and thus affect disc evolution and planet formation.
Aims. To investigate the different outflow components, including the collimated jet, wide-angled molecular outflow, and outflow cavity, of the Class I HH 46/47 outflow system, we focused on their kinematics.
Methods. We present near-infrared (NIR) K-band integral field observations of the blueshifted HH 46/47 outflow base obtained using VLT/SINFONI with an angular resolution of 0.​​″81. Our analysis focuses on [Fe II], H2 1−0 S(1), and Br-γ emission. We employed a wavelength recalibration technique based on OH telluric lines in order to probe the kinematics of the wide-angled flow with an accuracy of ∼1 km s−1–3 km s−1.
Results. We confirmed a velocity gradient of ∼ 10 km s−1 transverse to the outflow direction in the wide-angled H2 outflow cavity. We find that the H2 cavity peaks at radial velocities of ∼−15 km s−1 to −30 km s−1, and that the atomic jet peaks at vrad ∼ −210 km s−1. The outflow exhibits a layered structure: The high-velocity [Fe II] and Br-γ jet is surrounded by a wide-angled H2 outflow cavity that is in turn nested within the continuum emission and CO molecular outflow. The continuum emission and H2 outflow cavity are asymmetric with respect to the jet axis.
Conclusions. We propose that the origin of the asymmetries and the velocity gradient detected in the wide-angled H2 cavity is due to a wide-angled outflow or successive jet bowshocks expanding into an inhomogeneous ambient medium or the presence of a secondary outflow. We eliminated outflow rotation as an exclusive origin of this velocity gradient due to large specific angular momenta values, J(r) ≈ 3000−4000 km s−1 au, calculated from 1″ to 2″ along the outflow and the fact that the sense of apparent rotation we detected is opposite to that of the CO envelope emission. The observations reveal the complexities inherent in outflow systems and the risk of attributing transverse velocity gradients solely to rotation.
Expansion kinematics of young clusters
Authors: Armstrong Joseph J. , Tan Jonathan C. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Most stars form in clusters or associations, but only a small number of these groups are expected to remain bound for longer than a few megayears. Once star formation has ended and the molecular gas around young stellar objects has been expelled via feedback processes, most initially bound young clusters lose the majority of their binding mass and begin to disperse into the Galactic field.
Aims. This process can be investigated by analysing the structure and kinematic trends in nearby young clusters, particularly by analyzing the trend of expansion, which is a tell-tale sign that a cluster is no longer gravitationally bound and dispersing into the field.
Methods. We combined Gaia DR3 five-parameter astrometry with calibrated RVs for members of the nearby young cluster λ Ori (Collinder 69).
Results. We characterised the plane-of-sky substructure of the cluster using the Q-parameter and the angular dispersion parameter. We find evidence that the cluster contains a significant substructure but that this is preferentially located away from the central cluster core, which is smooth and likely remains bound. We found strong evidence for expansion in λ Ori in the plane of sky by using a number of metrics, but we also found that the trends are asymmetric at the 5σ significance level, with the maximum rate of expansion being directed nearly parallel to the Galactic plane. We subsequently inverted the maximum rate of expansion of 0.144−0.003+0.003 kms−1 pc−1 to give an expansion timescale of 6.944−0.142+0.148 Myr, which is slightly larger than the typical literature age estimates for the cluster. We also found asymmetry in the velocity dispersion as well as signatures of cluster rotation, and we calculated the kinematic ages for individual cluster members by tracing their motion back in time to their closest approach to the cluster centre.
DULAG: A DUal and Lensed AGN candidate catalog with the Gaia multipeak method
Authors: Wu Q. , Scialpi M. , Liao S. , Mannucci F. , Qi Z. 
Published: November 2024

Context. A series of studies have demonstrated that the Gaia multipeak (GMP) method is a very efficient technique for selecting active galactic nucleus (AGN) pair candidates. The number of candidates is determined by the size of the input AGN catalog, and is usually limited to spectroscopically confirmed objects.
Aims. The objective of this work is to compile a larger and highly reliable catalog of GMP AGN pair candidates extracted from the six million objects of the Gaia AGN catalog, the majority of which lack spectroscopic information.
Methods. In order to ascertain the differences between GMP AGN pair candidates and normal AGNs in terms of their properties, we conducted an investigation using samples of GMP AGNs. These differences were employed to establish optimal selection criteria, which ultimately led to the identification of a highly reliable candidate catalog.
Results. We find significant differences between normal AGNs and GMP AGN pair candidates in terms of their astrometry and multi-band color distribution. We compiled the DUal and Lensed AGN candidate catalog with the GMP method (DULAG), which comprises 5286 sources, and is accompanied by a highly reliable Golden sample of 1867 sources. A total of 37 sources in the Golden sample have been identified as dual AGN or lensed AGN. For the majority of sources in the Golden sample, we provide reference redshifts and find three close AGN pair candidates among them.
Analytic insight into the physics of the standing accretion shock instability
Authors: Foglizzo T. 
Published: November 2024

Context. During the core collapse of a massive star, and immediately before its supernova explosion, there is amplification of asymmetric motions by the standing accretion shock instability (SASI). This imprints a frequency signature on the neutrino flux and the gravitational waves that carries direct information about the explosion process.
Aims. The physical interpretation of this multi-messenger signature requires a detailed understanding of the instability mechanism.
Methods. We carried out a perturbative analysis to characterise the properties of SASI and assess the effect of the region of neutronization above the surface of the proto-neutron star. We compared the eigenfrequencies of the most unstable modes to those obtained in an adiabatic approximation where neutrino interactions are neglected above the neutrinosphere. We solved the differential system analytically using a Wronskian method and approximated it asymptotically for a large shock radius.
Results. The oscillation period of SASI is well fitted with a simple analytic function of the shock radius, the radius of maximum deceleration, and the mass of the proto-neutron star. The oscillation period is weakly dependent on the parameterised cooling function, but this latter does affects the SASI growth rate. We describe the general properties of SASI eigenmodes using an adiabatic model. In this approximation, the eigenvalue problem is formulated as a self-forced oscillator. The forcing agent is the radial advection of baroclinic vorticity perturbations and entropy perturbations produced by the shock oscillation. We reduced the differential system defining the eigenfrequencies to a single integral equation. Its analytical approximation sheds light on the radially extended character of the region of advective-acoustic coupling. The simplicity of this adiabatic formalism opens new perspectives for the investigation of the effect of stellar rotation and non-adiabatic processes on SASI.
Fine structure and kinematics of the ionized and molecular gas in the jet and disk around S255IR NIRS3 from high-resolution ALMA observations
Authors: Zinchenko I. I. , Liu S.-Y. , Su Y.-N. 
Published: November 2024

Aims. We present observations of the high-mass star-forming region S255IR, which harbors the ~20 M⊙ protostar NIRS3, where a disk-mediated accretion burst was recorded several years ago. The angular resolution of these observations, of ~15 mas, corresponds to ~25 au, which is almost an order of magnitude better than in the previous studies of this object.
Methods. The observations were performed with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) at a wavelength of 0.9 mm in continuum and in several molecular lines.
Results. In the continuum, we detect the central bright source (brightness temperature of ~850 K) elongated along the jet direction and two pairs of bright knots in the jet lobes. These pairs of knots imply a double ejection from NIRS3 with a time interval of ~1.5 years. The orientation of the jet differs by ~20° from that on larger scales, as also mentioned in some other recent works. The 0.9 mm continuum emission of the central source represents a mixture of the dust thermal emission and free-free emission of the ionized gas. Certain properties of the free-free emission are typical of hypercompact H II regions. In the continuum emission of the knots in the jet, the free-free component apparently dominates. In the molecular lines, a sub-Keplerian disk is observed around NIRS3 of about 400 au in diameter. The absorption features in the molecular lines toward the central bright source may indicate an infall. The molecular line emission appears highly inhomogeneous at small scales, which may indicate a small-scale clumpiness in the disk.
Virtual scale endoscope versus snares for accuracy of size measurement of smaller colorectal polyps: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Djinbachian Roupen , Taghiakbari Mahsa , Alj Abla , Medawar Edgard , Sidani Sacha , Liu Chen Kiow Jeremy , Panzini Benoit , Bouin Mickael , von Renteln Daniel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccurate measurement of polyp size during colonoscopy is crucial for informing clinical decisions such as resection technique and surveillance scheduling. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of polyp size measurement when using a virtual scale endoscope (VSE) or snare-based polyp size measurement.This randomized controlled trial enrolled 221 patients undergoing screening, surveillance, or diagnostic outpatient colonoscopies. Study subjects were randomized to have polyps detected during the colonoscopy measured for size either using the VSE or a snare of known size to estimate the size of each polyp. All polyps were measured for reference size directly after their removal from the colon using a digital caliper and before formalin fixation.93 polyps were included in the VSE group and 102 in the snare group. The VSE demonstrated significantly higher relative accuracy (80.0% [95%CI 77.0%–82.9%]) compared with snare-based size estimation (66.4% [95%CI 62.4%–70.5%]; P < 0.001). Misclassification rates were lower with the VSE for polyps >2 mm (13.1% vs. 39.3%) and >3 mm (22.6% vs. 55.4%). For diminutive polyps, the VSE better prevented misclassification of >5 mm polyps as 1–5 mm (21.4% vs. 73.0%). The VSE also outperformed snare-based estimation in measuring within 10% of the reference standard size (30.1% vs. 18.6%) and had lower rates of size underestimation (36.5% vs. 65.7%).Using the VSE improves the accuracy of polyp size measurement during colonoscopy in comparison with snare-based size estimation. In clinical scenarios, the VSE reduced misclassifications at clinically relevant size thresholds 2, 3, and 5 mm, which is relevant for the correct choice of polypectomy technique or when implementing resect-and-discard strategies.
Coupling Reaction of Aryl Halides with Orthoformate Ester
Authors: Shigemura Saki , Kurahashi Takuya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHerein, we report that orthoformate ester and N,N-dimethylformamide di-tert-butyl acetal can be a source of alkoxy radicals. We have developed a coupling reaction with aryl halides as a way of utilizing them. This has led to the synthesis of aromatic ethers with tertiary alkoxy groups, which are generally considered difficult to synthesize.