bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unipolar voltage mapping criteria for right ventricular septum: Influence of the aortic root
Authors: Kelesidis Iosif , Desjardins Benoit , Muser Daniele , Santangeli Pasquale , Zado Erica S. , Marchlinski Francis E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionUnipolar voltage mapping through its wider “field of view” can identify substrate deeper to the endocardium on the right ventricular (RV) free wall and left ventricle. The reference value(s) for normal endocardial (ENDO) unipolar voltage (UNI) for the septal aspect of the right ventricle (RV) and the effect of the aortic root that is directly opposed to the posterior septal plane of the RV outflow tract (RVOT) have not been established.Methods and resultsWe performed detailed (185 ± 70, range 127–342 points) RV ENDO UNI maps in 9 patients without structural heart disease; 6 had magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; 5 were males; the mean age was 49 ± 11 years. For MR analysis, the location of the aortic root was defined and its effect on unipolar voltage determined. The UNI voltage on posterior RVOT was lower (mean 6.56 ± 2.33 mV, 95% CI 6.08–7.05), compared to the rest of the septal aspect of RV (mean 8.33 ± 2.34 mV, P < 0.001, 95% CI 7.84–8.84). MR analysis confirmed that the lowest voltage region was opposite to MR‐defined aortic root. Using a cutoff for UNI abnormality of 6.0 mV for the posterior aspect of the RVOT opposite to the aortic root and 7.5 mV for the rest of the septal aspect of the RV, there was no confluent area of unipolar abnormality in any patient.ConclusionWe defined normal ENDO UNI cutoffs as 7.5 mV for the septal aspect of the RV with adjustment to 6.0 mV over the posterior RVOT opposite to the aortic root.
The miR‐3127‐5p/p‐STAT3 axis up‐regulates PD‐L1 inducing chemoresistance in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Tang Dongfang , Zhao Dandan , Wu Yun , Yao Ruyong , Zhou Lin , Lu Liming , Gao Wen , Sun Yifeng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIt is less known about miRNA3127‐5p induced up‐regulation of PD‐L1, immune escape and drug resistance caused by increased PD‐L1 in lung cancer. In this study, lentivirus was transduced into lung cancer cells, and quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression of PD‐L1. Then immunofluorescence assay was applied to detect autophagy, finally we explored the relationship between PD‐L1 expressions and chemoresistance in patients. As a result, we found that microRNA‐3127‐5p promotes pSTAT3 to induce the expression of PD‐L1; microRNA‐3127‐5p promotes STAT3 phosphorylation through suppressing autophagy, and autophagy could retaine pSTAT3 into the nucleus in miRNA‐3127‐5p knocked cells, and immune escape induced by elevated level of PD‐L1 results in chemoresistance of lung cancer. In conclusion, microRNA‐3127‐5p induces PD‐L1 elevation through regulating pSTAT3 expression. We also demonstrate that immune escape induced by PD‐L1 can be dismissed by corresponding monoclonal antibody.
Receptor‐like protein kinases: Key regulators controlling root hair development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wei Zhuoyun , Li Jia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRoot hairs are tubular outgrowths specifically differentiated from epidermal cells in a differentiation zone. The formation of root hairs greatly increases the surface area of a root and maximizes its ability to absorb water and inorganic nutrients essential for plant growth and development. Root hair development is strictly regulated by intracellular and intercellular signal communications. Cell surface‐localized receptor‐like protein kinases (RLKs) have been shown to be important components in these cellular processes. In this review, the functions of a number of key RLKs in regulating Arabidopsis root hair development are discussed, especially those involved in root epidermal cell fate determination and root hair tip growth.
Uncertainty, Financial Frictions, and Nominal Rigidities: A Quantitative Investigation
Authors: CESA‐BIANCHI AMBROGIO , FERNANDEZ‐CORUGEDO EMILIO 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAre uncertainty shocks a major source of business cycle fluctuations? This paper studies the effect of a mean preserving shock to the variance of aggregate total factor productivity (macro‐uncertainty) and to the dispersion of entrepreneurs' idiosyncratic productivity (micro‐uncertainty) in a financial accelerator dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with sticky prices. It explores the different mechanisms through which uncertainty shocks are propagated and amplified. The time‐series properties of macro‐ and micro‐uncertainty are estimated using U.S. aggregate and firm‐level data, respectively. While surprise increases in micro‐uncertainty have a larger impact on total output than macro‐uncertainty, these can only account for a small (but nontrivial) share of output volatility.
Local dynamic variation of lianas along topography maintains unchanging abundance at the landscape scale in central Amazonia
Authors: Gerolamo Caian Souza , Nogueira Anselmo , Costa Flavia Regina Capellotto , de Castilho Carolina V. , Angyalossy Veronica 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuestionHave liana density and biomass increased in central Amazonia over the last 10 years? Can a spatially explicit consideration of liana mortality and recruitment rates across hydro‐edaphic and tree turnover gradients at the landscape scale explain changes in liana density and biomass?LocationDucke Forest Reserve, 26 km north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.MethodsData were collected on 30–1 ha permanent plots in a central Amazonia undisturbed old‐growth rain forest 10 years after the first census. We measured lianas at 1.3 cm above their rooting point, with a diameter (D) ≥ 5 cm and subsampled lianas ≥1 cm diameter in 0.25 ha per plot. We estimated above‐ground density and biomass changes, mortality rate, recruitment and diameter increase. Soil cations and available P were reduced to two dimensions with PCA and the first axis used as the descriptor of soil fertility. Height above the nearest drainage, a proxy for water availability, tree turnover (D ≥ 10 cm) and soil fertility were used as predictors of liana dynamics.ResultsNo significant change in liana density and biomass, averaged over the 30‐km2 landscape, was observed over the last 10 years. In 2014, liana density was generally higher in more fertile soils, and it increased in areas closer to the water table and with higher tree turnover in the valleys. This pattern resulted from the higher liana recruitment rates in valley plots closer to the water table. Liana mortality rates were uniform across plots, similar among the diameter classes and, on average, higher than recruitment.ConclusionWe did not find any evidence that liana density and biomass have been increasing in this Neotropical site over the last 10 years. These findings suggest that the current knowledge on liana increase trends in the Neotropics should be reviewed if supported by further tropical studies.
Oral Administration of Hot‐water Extract of Tropical Brown Seaweed, Sargassum cristaefolium, to Enhance Immune Response, Stress Tolerance, and Resistance of White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, to Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Sudaryono Agung , Chilmawati Diana , Susilowati Titik 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe efficacy of hot‐water extract of tropical brown seaweed, Sargassum cristaefolium (SCE), supplemented in diets on immune response, stress tolerance, and disease resistance of Litopenaeus vannamei to Vibrio parahaemolyticus was evaluated. Shrimp were fed diets containing graded levels of SCE (0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/kg). The results showed that shrimp fed all diets containing SCE had significantly higher (P < 0.05) immune response in total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (granular and hyaline cells), and phagocytic activity than those of shrimp fed the control diet. Similarly, in low dissolved oxygen stress tolerance test and the challenge test with V. parahaemolyticus, survival rates of shrimp fed all diets containing SCE were significantly higher (P < 0.05) (83–93% in stress test and 27–47% in challenge test) than those of shrimp fed the control diet (77 and 3.3%, respectively). These results suggest that oral administration of SCE at 500 and 750 mg/kg can be effectively used to enhance immune response, stress tolerance, and resistance of white shrimp, L. vannamei, against V. parahaemolyticus infection. These findings also confirm that using dietary SCE as immunostimulant is effective at increasing the nonspecific immune system in penaeid shrimp, L. vannamei.
Participants’ experiences of music, mindful music, and audiobook listening interventions for people recovering from stroke
Authors: Baylan Satu , McGinlay Meigan , MacDonald Maxine , Easto Jake , Cullen Breda , Haig Caroline , Mercer Stewart W. , Murray Heather , Quinn Terence J. , Stott David , Broomfield Niall M. , Stiles Ciara , Evans Jonathan J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExisting research evidence suggests that both music listening and mindfulness interventions may have beneficial effects on mood and cognition poststroke. This mixed‐methods study, nested within a pilot randomized controlled trial investigating the feasibility and acceptability of combining music listening and brief mindfulness training poststroke, explored study participants’ experiences of engaging in the interventions. Fifty‐six stroke survivors who were randomized to receive an 8‐week intervention of mindful music listening (n = 15), music listening (n = 21), or audiobook listening (n = 20, control) using self‐selected material participated in a postintervention individual semistructured interview with a researcher not involved in their intervention delivery. Interview questions focused on affective, cognitive, and physical experiences. Data were coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. Across groups, listening was associated with positive distraction from thoughts and worries. Mindful music listening was most strongly associated with relaxation and concentration, improved attentional control, and emotion regulation, as well as enjoyment. Music listening was most strongly associated with increased activity, memory reminiscence, and improved mood. In addition, participants provided valuable feedback on intervention feasibility and acceptability. The findings suggest that the interventions were feasible and enjoyable for people recovering from stroke.
The effects of drumming on working memory in older adults
Authors: Degé Franziska , Kerkovius Katharina 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOur study investigated the effect of a music training program on working memory (verbal memory, visual memory, and as a part of central executive processing working memory) in older adults. The experimental group was musically trained (drumming and singing), whereas one control group received a literature training program and a second control group was untrained. We randomly assigned 24 participants (all females; M = 77 years and 3 months) to the music group, the literature group, and the untrained group. The training groups were trained for 15 weeks. The three groups did not differ significantly in age, socioeconomic status, music education, musical aptitude, cognitive abilities, or depressive symptoms. We did not find differences in the music group in central executive function. However, we found a potential effect of music training on verbal memory and an impact of music training on visual memory. Musically trained participants remembered more words from a word list than both control groups, and they were able to remember more symbol sequences correctly than the control groups. Our findings show a possible effect of music training on verbal and visual memory in older people.
Molecular cloning of glutathione peroxidase gene of Antarctic ice microalga Chlamydomonas sp. ICE‐L and its expression changes under temperature and salinity stress
Authors: Wang Jin‐Hui , Ding Yu , Tang Xiao‐Chen , Wang Quan‐Fu 
Published: May 2018

SUMMARYA complete open reading frame (ORF) encoding a glutathione peroxidase (ICE‐LGPx) was determined from Antarctic Chlamydomonas sp. ICE‐L by the molecular biological methods. The transcriptional expression patterns of ICE‐LGPx under different salinity and temperature stresses were determined by the real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and the activities of ICE‐LGPx were assayed under salinity stress as well. The full‐length cDNA sequence of ICE‐LGPx mRNA was 1956 bp including an ORF of 765 bp. Molecular structure analysis revealed that ICE‐LGPx was a selenium‐dependent glutathione peroxidase (Se‐GPx) containing a form‐2 SECIS (SelenoCysteine Insertion Sequence) element. Phylogenetic analysis showed that ICE‐LGPx displayed parallel evolution with those of Volvox carteri, Chlorella variabilis, Micromonas sp. RCC299 and Micromonas pusilla. The expression analysis results indicated that transcription of ICE‐LGPx was induced by the changes of the salinity and temperature. The change tendency of enzyme activities was similar to that of ICE‐LGPx mRNA level. Time‐ and dose‐dependent effects were observed in the salinity treatments and time‐dependent effects were found in the temperature treatments as well. These results suggested that ICE‐LGPx might play an important role in the acclimatization of Chlamydomonas sp. ICE‐L to salt and low temperature stresses. Furthermore, the results of this investigation may help to clarify the acclimatization and stress response mechanisms of Antarctic ice alga.
Boosting tourism's contribution to growth and development: Analysis of the evidence
Authors: Banerjee Onil , Cicowiez Martín , Morris Emily J. , Moreda Adela 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe tourism sector's contribution to economic development depends upon complex and dynamic socioeconomic, environmental, and institutional factors. Policymakers require objective evidence to base decisions on which public policies or investments to pursue. In this paper we develop an economy‐wide approach to assessing public investments in tourism. The approach is powerful in that it considers all inter‐sectoral linkages that are critical for tourism‐sector analysis. This framework is linked to a microsimulation module that enables estimation of household‐level and destination‐specific impacts and the distribution of benefits. To illustrate the framework and the insights it can generate, we apply it to a public investment in Belize's Cayo District. Our findings show that the overall level of economic activity increases while an appreciation of the real regional exchange rate results in slower growth in traditional nontourism exports. Greater availability of capital and labor to meet increased demand would reduce this effect. The investment results in a reduction in the poverty headcount on the order of 0.7 percentage points, though there is a small increase in inequality that is a function of the skill requirements of the new positions created as a result of the investment.
Use of charcoal hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in the treatment of methotrexate toxicosis in a dog
Authors: Pardo Mariana , Lanaux Travis , Davy Rachel , Bandt Carsten 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the successful use of charcoal hemoperfusion (HP) and hemodialysis (HD) in a dog in the treatment of methotrexate (MTX) toxicosis.Case SummaryAn American Pit Bull Terrier accidentally ingested 56.8 mg/m2 of MTX. The patient's initial serum MTX concentration was 0.11 μmol/L. At this dosage, myelosuppression and gastrointestinal epithelial necrosis have been reported. Charcoal HP and HD in series were used to enhance elimination of MTX. Serial serum samples were obtained during the session at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes and 12 hours after the session. These were later analyzed for MTX concentrations. Clearance of MTX was 73% and extraction ratio was 63% within the first 30 minutes of HP/HD. A 3‐hour session eliminated all detectable traces of MTX. The dog tolerated the session well and did not develop any clinical signs of MTX toxicosis.New or Unique Information ProvidedHP and HD together were highly effective in enhancing elimination of MTX from this patient. The prompt use of extracorporeal techniques decreased toxic concentrations of MTX to safer values, which prevented myelosuppression and gastrointestinal injury. HP and HD in conjunction or in place of traditional therapy may be a viable option for the treatment of acute toxic exposures to MTX.
Investigating the association of alerts from a national mortality surveillance system with subsequent hospital mortality in England: an interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Cecil Elizabeth , Bottle Alex , Esmail Aneez , Wilkinson Samantha , Vincent Charles , Aylin Paul P 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between alerts from a national hospital mortality surveillance system and subsequent trends in relative risk of mortality.BackgroundThere is increasing interest in performance monitoring in the NHS. Since 2007, Imperial College London has generated monthly mortality alerts, based on statistical process control charts and using routinely collected hospital administrative data, for all English acute NHS hospital trusts. The impact of this system has not yet been studied.MethodsWe investigated alerts sent to Acute National Health Service hospital trusts in England in 2011–2013. We examined risk-adjusted mortality (relative risk) for all monitored diagnosis and procedure groups at a hospital trust level for 12 months prior to an alert and 23 months post alert. We used an interrupted time series design with a 9-month lag to estimate a trend prior to a mortality alert and the change in trend after, using generalised estimating equations.ResultsOn average there was a 5% monthly increase in relative risk of mortality during the 12 months prior to an alert (95% CI 4% to 5%). Mortality risk fell, on average by 61% (95% CI 56% to 65%), during the 9-month period immediately following an alert, then levelled to a slow decline, reaching on average the level of expected mortality within 18 months of the alert.ConclusionsOur results suggest an association between an alert notification and a reduction in the risk of mortality, although with less lag time than expected. It is difficult to determine any causal association. A proportion of alerts may be triggered by random variation alone and subsequent falls could simply reflect regression to the mean. Findings could also indicate that some hospitals are monitoring their own mortality statistics or other performance information, taking action prior to alert notification.
History of deepwater exploration in the Black Sea and an overview of deepwater petroleum play types
Authors: Tari G. C. , Simmons M. D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Deepwater hydrocarbon exploration drilling only began in the Black Sea less than 20 years ago, primarily because of the economical/technological challenges associated with mobilizing suitable rigs through the Bosporus. However, to date (end 2017),
c.
20 deepwater wells have now been drilled, targeting a large variety of plays in this underexplored basin. The deepwater wells drilled to date are categorized by their main play objectives, within either the sag/post-rift or syn-rift basin fill of the Black Sea. The sag/post-rift play types have proven to be more successful, finding either biogenic gas in Miocene to Pliocene reservoirs associated with the Paleo-Danube and Paleo-Dnieper/Dniester or oil in Oligocene deepwater siliciclastic systems. Syn-rift or early post-rift plays, in contrast, assumed mostly shallow water carbonate reservoir targets. Only one well targeted pre-rift stratigraphy. Most of the exploration failures to date are directly related to the lack of reservoir at the targeted stratigraphic levels. However, the recent discoveries have underlined the presence of at least two active and effective petroleum systems that cover large parts of the deepwater Black Sea Basin.
Polyphase tectonic inversion and its role in controlling hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Greater East Shetland Platform and Mid North Sea High, UK
Authors: Patruno Stefano , Reid William , Berndt Christian , Feuilleaubois Laurent 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Thick Paleozoic successions are buried under the Greater East Shetland Platform (ESP) and Mid North Sea High (MNSH), two large underexplored platform regions flanking the structural depocentres of the North Sea. Here, newly acquired broadband seismic data are interpreted to provide a novel assessment of the regional tectonostratigraphic evolution and its influence on hydrocarbon prospectivity. Numerous working reservoir units are present over these two frontier areas, together with large Paleozoic traps. Hydrocarbon charge occurs either via a likely maximum 30–40 km lateral migration from the Jurassic/Carboniferous basinal source kitchens or, possibly, via vertical/lateral migration from deeper Devono-Carboniferous source intervals. The two regions underwent a largely similar evolution, consisting of at least eight successive switch-overs between regional compression/uplift and extension/subsidence in the last 420 myr. However, on the Greater MNSH, the lack of significant Permo-Triassic rifting probably resulted in too little subsidence for the lower Carboniferous interval to reach sufficient burial depth for gas maturation. Seep and fluid escape data suggest a working ‘deep’ source in the Greater ESP. Here, the presence of localized Permo-Triassic intra-platform grabens and half-grabens provided sufficient subsidence for the oil-prone middle Devonian unit to eventually enter the oil maturation window and faults provide easy conduits for the upwards migration of oil.
Hemodynamic effects of incremental lung hyperinflation
Authors: Cheyne William S. , Gelinas Jinelle C. , Eves Neil D. 
Published: May 2018

Dynamic hyperinflation (DH) is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and is associated with dyspnea and exercise intolerance. DH also has adverse cardiac effects, although the magnitude of DH and the mechanisms responsible for the hemodynamic impairment remain unclear. We hypothesized that incrementally increasing DH would systematically reduce left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV stroke volume (LVSV) because of direct ventricular interaction. Twenty-three healthy subjects (22 ± 2 yr) were exposed to varying degrees of expiratory loading to induce DH such that inspiratory capacity was decreased by 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% (100% DH =  inspiratory capacity of resting tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume ≈ 0.5 l). LV volumes, LV geometry, inferior vena cava collapsibility, and LV end-systolic wall stress were assessed by triplane echocardiography. 25% DH reduced LVEDV (−6 ± 5%) and LVSV (−9 ± 8%). 50% DH elicited a similar response in LVEDV (−6 ± 7%) and LVSV (−11 ± 10%) and was associated with significant septal flattening [31 ± 32% increase in the radius of septal curvature at end diastole (RSC-ED)]. 75% DH caused a larger reduction in LVEDV and LVSV (−9 ± 7% and −16 ± 10%, respectively) and RSC-ED (49 ± 70%). 100% DH caused the largest reduction in LVEDV and LVSV (−13 ± 9% and −18 ± 9%) and an increase in RSC-ED (56 ± 63%). Inferior vena cava collapsibility and LV afterload (LV end-systolic wall stress) were unchanged at all levels of DH. Modest DH (−0.6 ± 0.2 l inspiratory reserve volume) reduced LVSV because of reduced LVEDV, likely because of increased pulmonary vascular resistance. At higher levels of DH, direct ventricular interaction may be the primary cause of attenuated LVSV, as indicated by septal flattening because of a greater relative increase in right ventricular pressure and/or mediastinal constraint.NEW & NOTEWORTHY By systematically reducing inspiratory capacity during spontaneous breathing, we demonstrate that dynamic hyperinflation (DH) progressively reduces left ventricular (LV) end diastolic volume and LV stroke volume. Evidence of significant septal flattening suggests that direct ventricular interaction may be primarily responsible for the reduced LV stroke volume during DH. Hemodynamic impairment appears to occur at relatively lower levels of DH and may have important clinical implications for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.