bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of recombination on genome‐wide patterns of local ancestry exemplified by supplemented brook charr populations
Authors: Leitwein Maeva , Cayuela Hugo , Ferchaud Anne‐Laure , Normandeau Éric , Gagnaire Pierre‐Alexandre , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAssessing the immediate and long‐term evolutionary consequences of human‐mediated hybridization is of major concern for conservation biology. Several studies have documented how selection in interaction with recombination modulates introgression at a genome‐wide scale, but few have considered the dynamics of this process within and among chromosomes. Here, we used an exploited freshwater fish, the brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis), for which decades of stocking practices have resulted in admixture between wild populations and an introduced domestic strain, to assess both the temporal dynamics and local chromosomal variation in domestic ancestry. We provide a detailed picture of the domestic ancestry patterns across the genome using about 33,000 mapped single nucleotide polymorphisms genotyped in 611 individuals from 24 supplemented populations. For each lake, we distinguished early‐ and late‐generation hybrids using information regarding admixture tracts. To assess the selective outcomes following admixture we then evaluated the relationship between recombination and admixture proportions at three different scales: the whole genome, chromosomes and within 2‐Mb windows. This allowed us to detect a wide range of evolutionary mechanisms varying along the genome, as reflected by the finding of favoured or disfavoured introgression of domestic haplotypes. Among these, the main factor modulating local ancestry was probably the presence of deleterious recessive mutations in the wild populations, which can be efficiently hidden to selection in the presence of long admixture tracts. Overall, our results emphasize the relevance of taking into consideration local ancestry information to assess both the temporal and the chromosomal variation in local admixture ancestry toward better understanding post‐hybridization evolutionary outcomes.
Kin grouping is insufficient to explain the inclusive fitness gains of conspecific brood parasitism in the common eider
Authors: Hervey Samuel D. , Barnas Andrew F. , Stechmann Tanner J. , Rockwell Robert F. , Ellis‐Felege Susan N. , Darby Brian J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractConspecific brood parasitism allows females to exploit other females' nests and enhance their reproductive output. Here, we test a recent theoretical model of how host females gain inclusive fitness from brood parasitism. High levels of relatedness between host and parasitizer can be maintained either by: (a) kin recognizing and parasitizing each other as a form of cooperative breeding or (b) natal philopatry and nest site fidelity facilitating the formation of kin groups, thereby increasing the probability of parasitism between relatives nesting in close proximity. To address these two hypotheses we genotyped feathers and hatch membranes of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) from western Hudson Bay, Canada, using a noninvasive sampling methodology. We found that most instances of brood parasitism do result in inclusive fitness gains. Furthermore, females with failed nests moved an average of 492 m from their previous year's nest site, while successful females only moved an average of 13 m. Therefore, we observed host–parasite relatedness can occur at levels higher than would be expected by chance even in the absence of kin grouping, suggesting that closely related females nesting near one another is not essential to maintain high host–parasitizer relatedness. In addition, kin grouping is only a transient phenomenon that cannot occur every year due to the propensity for females of failed nests to nest farther away from their nest site in subsequent years than females with successful nests, which provides support for kin recognition as a more likely mechanism to maintain high host–parasitizer relatedness over time.
Dissociable effects of reward magnitude on fronto‐medial theta and FRN during performance monitoring
Authors: Paul Katharina , Vassena Eliana , Severo Mario Carlo , Pourtois Gilles 
Published: October 2019

AbstractReward processing is influenced by reward magnitude, as previous EEG studies showed changes in amplitude of the feedback‐related negativity (FRN) and reward positivity (RewP), or power of fronto‐medial theta (FMθ). However, it remains unclear whether these changes are driven by increased reward sensitivity, altered reward predictions, enhanced cognitive control, or a combination of these effects. To address this question, we asked 36 participants to perform a simple gambling task where feedback valence (reward vs. no‐reward), its magnitude (small vs. large reward), and expectancy (expected vs. unexpected) were manipulated in a factorial design, while 64‐channel EEG was recorded concurrently. We performed standard ERP analyses (FRN and RewP) as well as time‐frequency decompositions (FMθ) of feedback‐locked EEG data. Subjective reports showed that large rewards were more liked and expected than small ones. At the EEG level, increasing magnitude led to a larger RewP irrespective of expectancy, whereas the FRN was not influenced by this manipulation. In comparison, FMθ power was overall increased when reward magnitude was large, except if it was unexpected. These results show dissociable effects of reward magnitude on the RewP and FMθ power. Further, they suggest, that although large reward magnitude boosts reward processing (RewP), it can nonetheless undermine the need for enhanced cognitive control (FMθ) in case reward is unexpected. We discuss these new results in terms of optimistic bias or positive mood resulting from an increased reward magnitude.
Association between physical activity and all‐cause mortality: A 15‐year follow‐up using a compositional data analysis
Authors: von Rosen Philip , Dohrn Ing‐Mari , Hagströmer Maria 
Published: October 2019

The association between the composition of movement behaviors and mortality risk, acknowledging the composition nature of daily time data, is limited explored. The aim was to investigate how the composition of time spent in sedentary behaviors (SB), light intensity physical activity (LIPA), and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with all‐cause mortality, in a cohort with 15 years follow‐up time, using compositional data analysis. Eight hundred fifty‐one participants (56% women, mean age 53 years) provided objectively assessed physical activity data using an ActiGraph accelerometer and were followed for 15 years. Association of daily time composition of movement behaviors with risk of mortality was explored using compositional data analysis and hazard ratios (HR) of mortality were estimated based on a cox regression model. A significant (P < .001) positive association between time spent in SB relative to time in other behaviors and a significant (P = .018) negative association between time spent in LIPA relative to time in other behaviors, with all‐cause mortality, were found. Substituting time spent in LIPA or MVPA with time in SB increased the hazard for all‐cause mortality, with greater effect found for MVPA (20 minutes replacement; HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.04‐1.52) than for LIPA (20 minutes replacement; HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.65‐1.73). In a public health perspective, it is recommended to substitute SB with either LIPA or MVPA, but for individuals with little time spent in MVPA, the most important message may be to try to maintain that behavior.
Diversity of romantic experiences in late adolescence and their contribution to identity formation
Authors: Kindelberger Cécile , Mallet Pascal , Galharret Jean‐Michel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRomance constitutes a central experience in adolescence, which can take several forms including (a) serious romance with a steady partner, (b) casual and short‐lived dating, and (c) pending experiences of romantic thoughts and attempts. Using a three‐way longitudinal design, the present study examined the gender differences and developmental changes of these romantic experiences, and their cross‐lagged associations with identity processes, throughout one year in late adolescence. 389 students (63% girls) filled out questionnaires about their romantic experiences and identity processes. Girls reported more serious romance than did boys, who reported more casual dating and pending experiences. Serious romance increased over the year for both genders whereas casual dating and pending experiences continued to rise only for boys. The cross‐lagged model highlighted that serious romantic experience positively predicted identity commitments and exploration in depth whereas identity exploration in breadth positively predicted casual dating. This pattern was stable over the three time points and across gender and age groups. Overall, this study invites consideration of more diverse romantic experiences than those associated with tangible involvement. We discuss the contribution of romantic experiences to the identity dynamic.
Human mesenchymal stem cells–derived conditioned medium inhibits hypoxia‐induced death of neonatal porcine islets by inducing autophagy
Authors: Xu Yuzhi , Tan Mengqun , Ma Xiaoqian , Li Hongde , He Xuesong , Chen Zeyi , Tan Yixiong , Nie Wei , Rong Pengfei , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe dysfunction of islet grafts is generally attributed to hypoxia‐induced damage. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently thought to effectively protect cells from various risk factors via regulating autophagy. In our study, we investigated if human umbilical cord‐derived MSCs could ameliorate hypoxia‐induced apoptosis in porcine islets by modulating autophagy, and we explored the underlying mechanisms.MethodsNeonatal porcine islet cell clusters (NICCs) were cultured with human umbilical cord‐derived MSC conditioned medium (huc‐MSC‐CM) and RPMI‐1640 medium (control) under hypoxic conditions (1% O2) in vitro. NICCs were treated with 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and chloroquine (CQ) to examine the role of huc‐MSC‐CM in regulating autophagy. Finally, the levels of several cytokines secreted by huc‐MSCs were detected by ELISAs, and the corresponding inhibitors were applied to investigate which cytokine mediates the protective effects of huc‐MSC‐CM. The effects of huc‐MSC‐CM on NICCs viability and autophagy were examined using AO/PI staining, flow cytometry analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal fluorescence microscopy analysis. The insulin secretion of NICCs was tested with an insulin immunoradiometric assay kit.ResultsCompared to the control, the huc‐MSC‐CM treatment improved the viability of NICCs, inhibited apoptosis, increased autophagic activity and the levels of PI3K class III and phosphorylated Akt, while the ratio of phosphorylated mTOR/mTOR was reduced. These changes were reversed by CQ and 3‐MA treatments. High concentrations of IL‐6 were detected in hu‐MSC‐CM. Furthermore, recombinant IL‐6 pre‐treatment exerted similar effects as huc‐MSC‐CM, and these effects were reversed by a specific inhibitor of IL‐6 (Sarilumab).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that huc‐MSC‐CM improved islet viability and function by increasing autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, IL‐6 plays an important role in the function of huc‐MSC‐CM.
Influence of Grain Size Distribution on Ductile Intergranular Crack Growth Resistance
Authors: Molkeri Abhilash , Srivastava Ankit , Osovski Shmuel , Needleman Alan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe influence of grain size distribution on ductile intergranular crack growth resistance is investigated using full-field microstructure-based finite element calculations and a simpler model based on discrete unit events and graph search. The finite element calculations are carried out for a plane strain slice with planar grains subjected to mode I small-scale yielding conditions. The finite element formulation accounts for finite deformations, and the constitutive relation models the loss of stress carrying capacity due to progressive void nucleation, growth, and coalescence. The discrete unit events are characterized by a set of finite element calculations for crack growth at a single-grain boundary junction. A directed graph of the connectivity of grain boundary junctions and the distances between them is used to create a directed graph in J-resistance space. For a specified grain boundary distribution, this enables crack growth resistance curves to be calculated for all possible crack paths. Crack growth resistance curves are calculated based on various path choice criteria and compared with the results of full-field finite element calculations of the initial boundary value problem. The effect of unimodal and bimodal grain size distributions on intergranular crack growth is considered. It is found that a significant increase in crack growth resistance is obtained if the difference in grain sizes in the bimodal grain size distribution is sufficiently large.
An Operation Data-Based Method for the Diagnosis of Zero-Point Shift of Wind Turbines Yaw Angle
Authors: Astolfi Davide , Castellani Francesco , Terzi Ludovico 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The alignment of the wind turbine yaw to the wind direction is an important topic for wind turbine technology by several points of view. For example, the negative impact on power production of an undesired non-optimal yaw alignment can be impressive. The diagnosis of zero-point shifting of the yaw angle is commonly performed by adopting supplementary measurement sources, as for example, light detection and ranging (LIDAR) anemometers. The drawback is that these measurement campaigns have a certain cost against an uncertain diagnosis outcome. There is therefore an increasing interest from wind turbine practitioners in the formulation of zero-point yaw angle shift diagnosis techniques through the use of nacelle anemometer data. This work is devoted to this task and is organized as a test case discussion: a wind farm featuring six multi-megawatt wind turbines is considered. The study of the power factor Cp as function of the yaw error (estimated through nacelle anemometer data) is addressed. The proposed method has been validated through the detection of a 8 deg zero-point shift of the yaw angle of one wind turbine in the test case wind farm. After the correction of this offset, the performance of the wind turbine of interest is shown to be comparable with the nominal. The results of this work therefore support that an appropriate analysis of nacelle anemometer and operation data can be effective for the diagnosis of zero-point shift of the yaw angle of wind turbines.
Palliative care within universal health coverage: the Malawi Patient-and-Carer Cancer Cost Survey
Authors: Bates Maya Jane , Namisango Eve , Tomeny Ewan , Muula Adamson , Squire S Bertel , Niessen Louis 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveEvidence of the role of palliative care to reduce financial hardship and to support wellbeing in low/middle-income countries (LMIC) is growing, though standardised tools to capture relevant economic data are limited. We describe the development of the Patient-and-Carer Cancer Cost Survey (PaCCCt survey) which can be used to gather data on healthcare use and out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) in households affected by cancer in LMIC.MethodsTo identify relevant content qualitative data were gathered using Photovoice to detail concepts of wellbeing and cost areas of importance in households receiving palliative care in Blantyre, Malawi. Existing approaches and tools used to capture OOPE were mapped through a review of the literature. The WHO tuberculosis patient cost survey was chosen for adaptation. Face and content validity of a zero-draft of the PaCCCt survey were developed through review by healthcare professionals and a national stakeholder group. The final survey was translated into local language (Chichewa) and piloted.ResultsThe PaCCCt survey is a tablet-based, third-party administered survey recording healthcare service utilisation and related direct and indirect costs. Coping strategies (loans and dissaving and so on), funeral costs and wellbeing at household level are included. Completion time is <30 min.ConclusionThe PaCCCt survey can be used as part of economic evaluations in populations in need of palliative care in LMIC. Such evidence can support calls for the inclusion of palliative care within Universal Health Coverage which requires end-user protection from financial hardship.
Il biennio nero: fascismo, antifascismo e violência política
Authors: Galastri Leandro 
Published: October 2019

Logo após a experiência operária das lutas do chamado Biennio rosso (Biênio vermelho) na Itália entre 1919 e 1920, surgiram várias organizações armadas de ex-combatentes da Grande Guerra, trabalhadores e trabalhadoras com o objetivo de resistir às violentas incursões dos esquadrões fascistas contra os setores populares tanto na cidade quanto do campo. O Biennio nero (1921-1922), que marcaria a ascensão fascista até a Marcha sobre Roma e a chegada ao poder de Benito Mussolini, conheceria, no entanto, alguns episódios de vitória popular em armas contra o fascismo num ambiente de guerra civil. A organização protagonista dessa resistência operária armada pelo território italiano foram os Arditi del popolo. O artigo pretende acompanhar esse período de forma sucinta, com a ajuda de recente historiografia italiana, para contextualizar e apresentar a análise de Gramsci sobre tal experiência histórica, tanto em seus textos publicados à época no L’Ordine Nuovo, quanto posteriormente, em suas reflexões carcerárias. A hipótese é que, embora tenha aprofundado, no cárcere, sua análise teórica das relações político-militares de classe, Gramsci nunca mudou de ideia sobre a necessidade de os grupos subalternos organizarem formas de resistência “ilegais”, fora da institucionalidade vigente, como parte da luta de hegemonias.
Considerações filosóficas sobre o habitar e o visitar no contexto das residências artísticas do Tanztheater Wuppertal Pina Bausch
Authors: Pereira Marcelo De Andrade , Malavolta Ana Paula Parise 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo, de caráter ensaístico, consiste em uma reflexão acerca do sentido do habitar e do visitar/viajar desde a construção poética de Pina Bausch. Ao tomar como ponto de partida a apreciação de um conjunto de peças apresentadas no período das Olímpiadas de Londres, em 2012, a investigação procura delimitar a produção da artista, de modo a diferenciar três fases poéticas, focalizando especialmente em uma tardia – a qual se caracteriza pela relação dos bailarinos da companhia de Wuppertal com cidades do mundo inteiro; pretende, portanto, ao deslindar o problema do habitar e do visitar/viajar no processo criativo da coreógrafa em questão, demonstrar as potencialidades éticas e estéticas de uma dada forma de composição artística – paradoxalmente singular e plural.
Mário Pedrosa e Portinari
Authors: Chiarelli Tadeu 
Published: October 2019

Este artigo discute o texto “Pintura e Portinari”, de Mário Pedrosa, publicado em março de 1935, desconhecido por parte significativa dos historiadores da arte brasileira. Também é seu objetivo situar esse texto no âmbito do debate artístico do país dos anos 1930, apresentando sua contestação por Murilo Mendes, ainda no ano de sua publicação.
Configurações indeterminadas
Authors: Costa Alexandre Rodrigues da 
Published: October 2019

Neste artigo, investigamos o informe, na obra de Hans Bellmer, como possibilidade de releitura da anamorfose a partir dos conceitos de diagrama e mancha, estudados por Kenneth Clark em seu texto “The blot and the diagram”. Dessa maneira, analisamos a relação entre corpo e cenário, ao explorar como Bellmer busca no studium, conceito de Roland Barthes, gerar ambiguidades, subvertendo a iconografia dedicada ao erotismo e os limites entre o exterior e o interior. Com base nesses processos, examinamos como o informe se desdobra da anamorfose e o evocamos, na obra de Bellmer, como dúvida, no instante em que a perspectiva e a anatomia são colapsadas pelo diagrama e pela mancha, dos quais se originam elementos de ordem abstrata e figurativa.
Absorção, teatralidade e a tradição da pintura francesa na obra de Henri Matisse
Authors: Sartuzi Ilê 
Published: October 2019

O artigo examina as noções de “absorção” e “teatralidade” propostas por Michael Fried e retomadas por Yve-Alain Bois nos textos em que escreveu sobre a obra de Henri Matisse. Uma das questões centrais abordadas é o modo como a obra de Matisse resiste ao regime volátil de percepção precipitado pela modernidade industrial e como insta a um tipo de atenção a um só tempo contemplativa e difusa. Discute, além disso, como essa modalidade de percepção, que dispersa e difunde a atenção, e que é própria à pintura de Matisse, parece sintetizar duas vertentes opostas da tradição pictórica francesa: a dinâmica do olhar cambiante do Rococó e o estado de absorção que marca as pinturas de Greuze e Chardin.
Sobre a noção de três espaços no cinema
Authors: Borges Cristian 
Published: October 2019

Em sua tese de doutorado sobre o filme Fausto (1926), do alemão F. W. Murnau, o cineasta francês Éric Rohmer identifica no cinema, ou pelo menos no tipo de cinema mais convencional e narrativo que lhe interessa, três aspectos do espaço que ele denomina: pictórico, arquitetônico e fílmico. Como veremos, se essa divisão pode, por um lado, servir a uma função didática ligada ao aprendizado sobre a composição visual das imagens fílmicas, ela se revela, por outro lado, reducionista e artificial ao ignorar, ou ao menos desprezar, a componente temporal do cinema em favor de sua faceta espacial.
A divulgação de Conhecimento Científico no final do século XVIII e início século XIX
Authors: Trentin Paulo Henrique 
Published: October 2019

Este texto faz uma reflexão acerca da importância sugerida pelos autores, tradutores e outros personagens responsáveis pela divulgação dos conhecimentos científicos, do final do século XVIII e início do século XIX no Brasil. Selecionamos, para dar suportar nosso estudo, as seguintes obras: Elementos de Astronomia, 1813, Tratado Elementar de Machanica, 1812, Tratado de Optica, 1813, Tratado Elementar de Physica tomo II, 181 e o Jornal O Patriota, 1813-1814. A análise apresenta algumas expectativas manifestadas pelos autores, tradutores e editores desses textos selecionados, no que se refere a importância social, política ou econômica que davam aos seus trabalhos. Especificamente, centramos na identificação das manifestações dos autores dos textos entendendo que, além do ambiente social, político e econômico ao qual pertenciam, seus anseios, desejos e expectativas também fizeram parte das obras que constituíram. Dialogamos com autores como: Luís Miguel Carolino; Maria Odila Leite da Silva Dias e Lorelai Kury, constituindo um pano de fundo nessa empreitada. O estudo que realizamos permitiu considerar que não há uma resposta definitiva e que não podemos apontar que ambições ou expectativas os editores, autores ou tradutores exatamente tiveram para divulgar conhecimentos científicos. Porém, no que se refere a “utilidade” que atribuíam ao conhecimento divulgado, pudemos aprofundar um pouco mais e trazer algumas considerações que podem contribuir com reflexões para o que está posto sobre a temática.