bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scurvy in a nonalcoholic person in the United States
Authors: Thomas Harold , Assi Muneer E. , Thomas George , Taub Steven J. , Thomas James R. , Stang Richard J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Scurvy is rarely diagnosed in our society today. The authors describe the case of a 31-year-old man with weakness, gingival pain, and a rash over the lower extremities. He had a history of poor nutritional intake, no alcohol consumption, and a 13 pack-year history of cigarette smoking. Laboratory studies revealed an extremely deficient serum ascorbic acid level. Treatment was begun with oral ascorbic acid tablets and, within 3 days after discharge, all clinical symptoms of scurvy had resolved. Scurvy is an easily treated disease and should be considered when there is an appropriate history and classic clinical findings. Because vitamin C deficiency can be seen in many chronic disease states, it is important to recognize some of the early features and clinical manifestations of such nutritional deficiencies.
Effect of osteopathic medical management on neurologic development in children
Authors: Fryman Viola M. , Carney Richard E. , Springall Peter 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
For 3 years, children between 18 months and 12 years of age with and without recognized neurologic deficits were studied at the Osteopathic Center for Children. Their response to 6 to 12 osteopathic manipulative treatments directed to all areas of impaired inherent physiologic motion was estimated from changes in three sensory and three motor areas of performance. Houle's Profile of Development was used to compare neurologic with chronologic age and rate of development, and scores were age-adjusted. Results in children after treatment were compared with those following a waiting period without treatment. Neurologic performance significantly improved after treatment in children with diagnosed neurologic problems and to a lesser degree in children with medical or structural diagnoses. The advances in neurologic development continued over a several months' interval. The results support the use of osteopathic manipulative treatment as part of pediatric healthcare based on osteopathic medical philosophy and principles.
DNA technology
Authors: Fernandes John J. , Coffman Norman B. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Scientific developments in molecular biology enable clinical laboratory testing to directly examine genetic information coded in biologic specimens. These efforts, accomplished by the use of DNA probe technology in the in situ hybridization and other tests will allow for the specific identification of pathogens; recognition of genetic diseases; and the critical evaluation of the genetic basis of cancer. The authors discuss the concepts and uses of DNA testing.
Sarcoidosis masquerading as eosinophilic pneumonia
Authors: Willsie-Ediger Sandra K. , Salzman Gary A. , Schaetzel William P. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A 29-year-old woman presented with progressive dyspnea, fever, cough, and weight loss. A chest roentgenogram revealed bilateral peripheral infiltrates suggestive of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia. Bronchoscopic evaluation, as well as a therapeutic trial of corticosteroids, was nondiagnostic. Open lung biopsy revealed findings consistent with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Roentgenographically, differentiating between sarcoidosis and chronic eosinophilic pneumonia can be difficult. A diagnostic approach, as well as the differential diagnosis of bilateral peripheral pulmonary infiltrates, is discussed.
Therapeutic considerations: Lower respiratory tract infections in smokers
Authors: Venditto Michael A. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Tobacco smoke can alter both the structural and the immunologic defenses of the lungs against infection. The gases from smoke can also inhibit repair of the damages they create. Smokers have been found to have increased bacterial adherence to the respiratory tract, decreased IgA and IgG, and a decrease in vital capacity two to three times greater than that of nonsmokers. These and other respiratory tract alterations put smokers at an added disadvantage when acute lower respiratory tract infections strike. A history of smoking influences the diagnosis of respiratory tract infections because smokers are more prone than nonsmokers to infection by certain organisms. The major causes and characteristics of lower respiratory tract infections, methods of outpatient diagnosis, and the pros and cons of various modes of therapy are discussed.
Evaluating an intern/residency program
Authors: Hogan Martin J. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
When faced with the task of program evaluation, many directors of medical education may find themselves overwhelmed. This article presents suggestions for conducting an evaluation, including the six basic elements to consider before embarking on such an undertaking. With an emphasis on selecting a model framework as a guide for conducting a program evaluation, this article examines one model-Stufflebeam's CIPP model-in depth.
Primary laryngeal and nasal septal lesions in pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Saunders Marc S. , Gentile Richard D. , Lobritz Richard W. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Synchronous laryngeal and nasal septal lesions in pemphigus vulgaris are rare. The authors report a case of pemphigus vulgaris in an elderly man who was seen with lesions of the supraglottic larynx and nasal septum. The classic skin changes of pemphigus eventually developed, and the patient responded to daily treatments of 80 mg of prednisone. Steroids and immunosuppressive agents remain the treatment of choice, but a favorable prognosis is still dependent on early diagnosis and institution of therapy.
Male breast carcinoma: Clinical experience in a suburban community
Authors: Davis Steven L. , Barse Francis , Meoli Frederick G. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Male breast cancer is difficult to study because it occurs infrequently, accounting for 1% of all breast carcinoma. Breast cancer occurs 10 years later in men than in women, and its presentation parallels that in women. The authors retrospectively review 13 cases of male breast cancer occurring over a 20-year period in four community hospitals. Treatment methods paralleled those used for female cancer patients. Surgery, primarily radical mastectomy, was performed in all patients. In the eight patients in whom hormone receptor assays were obtained, all tests were positive for estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, or both. Metastases were diagnosed in five patients during follow-up. The longest disease-free survival has been 10 years. Similarities and differences regarding male and female breast cancer are discussed as are the diagnosis and management of men with this disease.
Manipulation with the patient under anesthesia
Authors: Greenman Philip E. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Manipulation while the patient is under anesthesia is an old, widely recognized procedure in musculoskeletal medicine. It is used for treating acute and chronic musculoskeletal conditions with significant biomechanical dysfunction unresponsive to conservative therapy. The procedure is helpful when muscle spasm and irritability preclude success without anesthetization of the patient. Safety and effectiveness are favored by appropriate selection of patients, knowledge of indications and contraindications, suitable anesthetic, and services of a qualified physician trained in structural diagnosis and manipulative technique. A team approach is recommended. To illustrate effective use of the procedure, a classic case is described.
Digging for DNA at depth: rapid universal metabarcoding surveys (RUMS) as a tool to detect coral reef biodiversity across a depth gradient
Authors: DiBattista Joseph D. , Reimer James D. , Stat Michael , Masucci Giovanni D. , Biondi Piera , De Brauwer Maarten , Bunce Michael 
Published: February 2019

Background
Effective biodiversity monitoring is fundamental in tracking changes in ecosystems as it relates to commercial, recreational, and conservation interests. Current approaches to survey coral reef ecosystems center on the use of indicator species and repeat surveying at specific sites. However, such approaches are often limited by the narrow snapshot of total marine biodiversity that they describe and are thus hindered in their ability to contribute to holistic ecosystem-based monitoring. In tandem, environmental DNA (eDNA) and next-generation sequencing metabarcoding methods provide a new opportunity to rapidly assess the presence of a broad spectrum of eukaryotic organisms within our oceans, ranging from microbes to macrofauna.

Methods
We here investigate the potential for rapid universal metabarcoding surveys (RUMS) of eDNA in sediment samples to provide snapshots of eukaryotic subtropical biodiversity along a depth gradient at two coral reefs in Okinawa, Japan based on 18S rRNA.

Results
Using 18S rRNA metabarcoding, we found that there were significant separations in eukaryotic community assemblages (at the family level) detected in sediments when compared across different depths ranging from 10 to 40 m (p = 0.001). Significant depth zonation was observed across operational taxonomic units assigned to the class Demospongiae (sponges), the most diverse class (contributing 81% of species) within the phylum Porifera; the oldest metazoan phylum on the planet. However, zonation was not observed across the class Anthozoa (i.e., anemones, stony corals, soft corals, and octocorals), suggesting that the former may serve as a better source of indicator species based on sampling over fine spatial scales and using this universal assay. Furthermore, despite their abundance on the examined coral reefs, we did not detect any octocoral DNA, which may be due to low cellular shedding rates, assay sensitivities, or primer biases.

Discussion
Overall, our pilot study demonstrates the importance of exploring depth effects in eDNA and suggest that RUMS may be applied to provide a baseline of information on eukaryotic marine taxa at coastal sites of economic and conservation importance.
Comprehensive analysis of lncRNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Shusen , Cao Ruoyan , Li Qiulan , Yao Mianfeng , Chen Yu , Zhou Hongbo 
Published: February 2019

Background
Increasing evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks in that they regulate protein-coding gene expression by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the understanding of the ceRNA network in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) remains limited.

Methods
Expression profile data regarding mRNAs, miRNAs and lncRNAs as well as clinical information on 122 TSCC tissues and 15 normal controls from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were collected. We used the edgR package to identify differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs), lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) between TSCC samples and normal samples. In order to explore the functions of DEmRNAs, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was performed. Subsequently, a ceRNA network was established based on the identified DElncRNAs–DEmiRNAs and DEmiRNAs–DEmRNAs interactions. The RNAs within the ceRNA network were analyzed for their correlation with overall disease survival. Finally, lncRNAs were specifically analyzed for their correlation with clinical features in the included TSCC patient samples.

Results
A total of 1867 mRNAs, 828 lncRNAs and 81 miRNAs were identified as differentially expressed in TSCC tissues (—log 2fold change— ≥ 2; adjusted P value <0.01). The resulting ceRNA network included 16 mRNAs, 56 lncRNAs and 6 miRNAs. Ten out of the 56 lncRNAs were found to be associated with the overall survival in TSCC patients (P < 0.05); 10 lncRNAs were correlated with TSCC progression (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Our study deepens the understanding of ceRNA network regulatory mechanisms in TSCC. Furthermore, we identified ten lncRNAs (PART1, LINC00261, AL163952.1, C2orf48, FAM87A, LINC00052, LINC00472, STEAP3-AS1, TSPEAR-AS1 and ERVH48-1) as novel, potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TSCC.
COST STUDY OF COASTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Igigabel Marc , Yates Marissa 
Published: February 2019

A better definition of the long term protection strategies against littoral hazards requires evaluating investment, management, and maintenance costs of various interventions on levees and other civil engineering structures, as well as on beaches and dunes. The cost study of coastal protections (Cerema 2018) aims at providing the assessment of the project global cost. Based on the study of a large number of projects completed in France, estimations were produced to enhance the reliability of these calculations at the scale of a site in the littoral zone or of an individual natural or artificial structure. For each structure type, the obtained results are essentially linear, surface, volume or mass costs (initial costs or annual average costs), as well as lifetime and intervention frequency. To obtain this information, the analysis mainly consisted of:
â€¢ the creation of a typology which crosses Â« structure type Â» and Â« intervention type Â» which allows establishing homogeneous groups of characteristic operations;
â€¢ the identification, for every group, of physical parameters influencing the associated costs, which allows the user of the manual to evaluate better the difference between the observed high and low values.
This paper presents the context of the study, its methodological process, the progress of the investigations and the analyses, the obtained results, and finally the generic lessons learned.
SURVIVABILITY ASSESSMENT OF FASTNET LIGHTHOUSE
Authors: Antonini Alessandro , Raby Alison , Caputo Piermodesto , Brownjohn James , Papas Athanasios , D'Ayala Dina 
Published: February 2019

Historic rock-mounted lighthouses play a vital role in the
safe navigation around perilous reefs. However their
longevity is threatened by the battering of waves. Virtual
navigational aids such as GPS are fallible, and reliance
on them can be disastrous. Mariners will therefore
continue to need the physical visual aids of these
strategic structures. After a site-specific extreme wave
characterisation, the study evaluates the dynamic
response of Fastnet Lighthouse under the
action of different wave loadings through a validated FEM
numerical model. The aim of the study is to provide a
comprehensive survivability assessment methodology for
this type of structures.
The effect of respiratory motion on electronic portal imaging device dosimetry
Authors: Fielding Andrew L. , Mendieta Jessica Benitez , Maxwell Sarah , Jones Catherine 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is an increasing need to develop methods for in vivo verification of the delivery of radiotherapy treatments. Electronic portal imaging devices (EPID's) have been demonstrated to be of use for this application. The basic principle is relatively straightforward, the EPID is used to measure a two‐dimensional (2D) planar exit or portal dose map behind the patient during the treatment delivery that can provide information on any errors in linear accelerator output or changes in the patient anatomy. In this paper we focused on the effect of intra‐fraction motion, particularly respiratory motion, on the measured 2D EPID dose–response. Measurements were made with a breast phantom undergoing one‐dimensional (1D) sinusoidal motion with a range of amplitudes (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 cm) and frequencies (12, 15, and 20 cycles/min). Further measurements were made with the phantom undergoing breathing sequences measured during patient planning computed tomography simulation. We made use of the quadratic calibration method that converts the EPID images to a surrogate for dose, equivalent thickness of Plastic Water®. Comparisons were made of the 2D thickness maps derived for the different motions compared to the static phantom case and the resulting dose difference analyzed over the “breast” region of interest. A 2D gamma analysis within the same region of interest was performed of the motion images compared to static reference image. Comparisons were made of 1D thickness profiles for the moving and static phantom. The 1D and 2D analyses show the method to be sensitive to the smallest motion amplitude of 0.5 cm tested in the phantom measurements. The results using the phantom demonstrate the method to be a potentially useful tool for monitoring intra‐fraction motion during the delivery of patient radiotherapy treatments as well as more generally providing information on the effects of motion on EPID based in vivo dosimetric verification.
Estimation algorithm for system with non‐Gaussian multiplicative/additive noises based on variational Bayesian inference
Authors: Yu Xingkai , Li Jianxun , Xu Jian 
Published: February 2019

SummaryThis paper considers estimation algorithms for linear and nonlinear systems contaminated by non‐Gaussian multiplicative and additive noises. Based on the variational idea, in order to derive optimal estimation algorithms, we combine the multiplicative noise with states as the joint parameters to estimate. The application of variational Bayesian inference to joint estimation of the state and the multiplicative noise is established. By treating the states as unknown quantities as well as the multiplicative noise, there are now correlations between the states and multiplicative noise in the posterior distribution. There are two main goals in Bayesian learning. The first is approximating the marginal likelihood (PDF of multiplicative noise) to perform model comparison. The second is approximating the posterior distribution over the states (also called a system model), which can then be used for prediction. The two goals constitute the iterative algorithm. The rules for determining the loop is the Kullback‐Leibler divergence between the true distribution of state and a chosen fixed tractable distribution, which is used to approximate the true one. The iterative algorithm is deduced, which is initialized based on the idea of sampling. Meanwhile, the convergence analysis of the proposed iterative algorithm is presented. The numerical simulation results in a comparison between the proposed method and these existing classic algorithms in the context of nonlinear hidden Markov models, state‐space models, and target‐tracking models with non‐Gaussian multiplicative noise demonstrate the superiorities, not only in speed, precision, and computation load but also in the ability to process non‐Gaussian complex noise.
Molecular Engineering of Functional Nucleic Acid Nanomaterials toward In Vivo Applications
Authors: Zhang JingJing , Lan Tian , Lu Yi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent advances in nanotechnology and engineering have generated many nanomaterials with unique physical and chemical properties. Over the past decade, numerous nanomaterials are introduced into many research areas, such as sensors for environmental monitoring, food safety, point‐of‐care diagnostics, and as transducers for solar energy transfer. Meanwhile, functional nucleic acids (FNAs), including nucleic acid enzymes, aptamers, and aptazymes, have attracted major attention from the biomedical community due to their unique target recognition and catalytic properties. Benefiting from the recent progress of molecular engineering strategies, the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials are endowed by the target recognition and catalytic activity of FNAs in the presence of a target analyte, resulting in numerous smart nanoprobes for diverse applications including intracellular imaging, drug delivery, in vivo imaging, and tumor therapy. This progress report focuses on the recent advances in designing and engineering FNA‐based nanomaterials, highlighting the functional outcomes toward in vivo applications. The challenges and opportunities for the future translation of FNA‐based nanomaterials into clinical applications are also discussed.
Tendon Tissue Engineering: Effects of Mechanical and Biochemical Stimulation on Stem Cell Alignment on Cell‐Laden Hydrogel Yarns
Authors: Rinoldi Chiara , Costantini Marco , Kijeńska‐Gawrońska Ewa , Testa Stefano , Fornetti Ersilia , Heljak Marcin , Ćwiklińska Monika , Buda Robert , Baldi Jacopo , Cannata Stefano , Guzowski Jan , Gargioli Cesare , Khademhosseini Ali , Swieszkowski Wojciech 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFiber‐based approaches hold great promise for tendon tissue engineering enabling the possibility of manufacturing aligned hydrogel filaments that can guide collagen fiber orientation, thereby providing a biomimetic micro‐environment for cell attachment, orientation, migration, and proliferation. In this study, a 3D system composed of cell‐laden, highly aligned hydrogel yarns is designed and obtained via wet spinning in order to reproduce the morphology and structure of tendon fascicles. A bioink composed of alginate and gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) is optimized for spinning and loaded with human bone morrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM‐MSCs). The produced scaffolds are subjected to mechanical stretching to recapitulate the strains occurring in native tendon tissue. Stem cell differentiation is promoted by addition of bone morphogenetic protein 12 (BMP‐12) in the culture medium. The aligned orientation of the fibers combined with mechanical stimulation results in highly preferential longitudinal cell orientation and demonstrates enhanced collagen type I and III expression. Additionally, the combination of biochemical and mechanical stimulations promotes the expression of specific tenogenic markers, signatures of efficient cell differentiation towards tendon. The obtained results suggest that the proposed 3D cell‐laden aligned system can be used for engineering of scaffolds for tendon regeneration.
Highly Stable Organic Transistors on Paper Enabled by a Simple and Universal Surface Planarization Method
Authors: Shin Hyeonwoo , Roh Jeongkyun , Song Jiyoung , Roh Heebum , Kang Chan‐Mo , Lee Taesoo , Park Gunbaek , An Kunsik , Kim Jun Young , Kim Hyoseok , Kwak Jeonghun , Lee Changhee , Kim Hyeok 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, operationally and mechanically stable organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) are demonstrated on aramid fiber‐based paper enabled by a simple and universal surface planarization method. By employing a nanoimprint lithography‐inspired surface smoothening method, rough aramid paper is successfully smoothened from a scale of several tens of micrometers to a sub‐nanometer‐scale surface roughness. Owing to the sub‐nanometer‐scale surface roughness of the aramid paper, the OFETs fabricated on the aramid paper exhibit decent field‐effect mobility (0.25 cm2V−1s−1) with a high current on‐to‐off ratio (>107), both of which are comparable with those of OFETs fabricated on rigid silicon substrates. Moreover, the OFETs fabricated on the aramid paper exhibit both high operational and mechanical stability; this is indicated by a bias‐stress‐induced threshold voltage shift (∆VTH≈ 4.27 V under an excessive gate bias stress of 1.7 MV cm−1for 1 h 30 min) comparable to that of OFETs on a rigid silicon substrate, moderate field‐effect mobility, and a threshold voltage stability under 1000 bending cycles with a compressive strain of 1%. The demonstration of highly stable OFETs on paper enabled by the simple planarization method will expand the potential use of various types of paper in electronic applications.