bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatics analysis of BUB1 expression and gene regulation network in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Luyao , Yang Xue , An Ning , Liu Jia 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Potential mechanisms and therapeutic targets of lung adenocarcinoma need further study. BUB1 (BUB1 mitotic checkpoint serine/threonine kinase) encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase which is critical in the mitosis. It is associated with poor prognosis in multiple cancer types. Oncomine database was used to determine the differential expression of BUB1 in normal and lung adenocarcinoma tissues, while UALCAN was used to perform analysis of the relative expression and survival of BUB1 between tumor and normal tissues in different tumor subgroups. We used the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics to perform GO analysis and KEGG analysis of the top 50 altered neighbor genes of BUB1. The LinkedOmics database was used to determine differential gene expression with BUB1 and to perform functional analysis. The kinase, miRNA and transcription factor target networks correlated with BUB1 were also analysed by LinkedOmics database. The results revealed that BUB1 was highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma patients. BUB1 involved multiple tumor-related pathways, such as cell cycle, oocyte meiosis and p53 signaling pathway. BUB1 is associated with tumor-associated kinases, microRNAs and transcription factors. Our study reveal BUB1 expression and potential gene regulation networks in lung adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics analysis, guiding further study on the role and regulation of BUB1 in lung adenocarcinoma.
Spatial distribution of water quality in the Amazonian region: implications for drinking water treatment procedures
Authors: Wasserman Julio Cesar , Damaceno Viviane Maia , Lima Gilson Brito Alves , Wasserman Maria Angélica 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Riparian communities in the Amazon suffer from water-borne diseases due to the lack of adequate water treatment capabilities. Therefore, small local water treatment plants are necessary, but the selection of treatment procedures depends largely on the physico-chemical characteristics of the water. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the physico-chemical characteristics of the water in the Amazon River and its tributaries, in order to determine customized processes for water treatment. Data from 54 fluviometric monitoring stations were organized and used to construct distribution maps. The parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, and the concentration of suspended matter, turbidity and flow rates were evaluated. Results showed that pH was very acidic (4–5) in the northwestern portion of the region while conductivity was quite low in the entire Amazonian region (&lt;140 μS cm−1). Both parameters were strongly influenced by geological settings and sources of organic matter. Suspended matter and turbidity were affected by weathering processes. It was concluded that considering the acidity of the waters, mechanical procedures like filtration or slow settling should be applied to remove suspended matter rather than chemical procedures. For disinfection, instead of chemicals, solar energy should be applied.
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Microvascular Complications in Patients with Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Katsiki Niki , Anagnostis Panagiotis , Kotsa Kalliopi , Goulis Dimitrios G. , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. 
Published: July 2019

Background::
Obesity frequently co-exists with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to the socalled
“diabesity epidemic”. The metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of central obesity, hypertension, dysglycemia,
insulin resistance and/or atherogenic dyslipidemia, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a
hepatic manifestation of MetS, has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD), T2DM and
chronic kidney disease (CKD) incidence. However, the association between obesity, MetS (including NAFLD)
and diabetic microvascular complications is less evident.

Methods::
The present narrative review discusses the associations of obesity, MetS and NAFLD with diabetic
kidney disease (DKD), diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) as well as cardiac
autonomic neuropathy (CAN). The available data on the effects of lifestyle measures and bariatric surgery on
these diabetic complications are also briefly discussed.

Results: :
Overall, both obesity and MetS have been related to DKD, DR and DPN, although conflicting results
exist. Links between NAFLD and diabetic microvascular complications have also been reported but data are still
limited. Lifestyle intervention and bariatric surgery may prevent the development and/or progression of these
microvascular complications but more evidence is needed.

Conclusion::
Clinicians should be aware of the frequent co-existence of MetS and/or NAFLD in T2DM patients
to prevent or treat these metabolic disorders, thus potentially minimizing the risk for both CVD and diabetic microvascular
complications.
Design, Synthesis and Antimicrobial Study of Novel 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2- yl)-3-chloro-4H-spiro[azetidine-2,3'-indole]-2',4(1'H)-diones Through Ketene– imine Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Gandhi Divyani , Sethiya Ayushi , Agarwal Dinesh Kr. , Prajapat Prakash , Agarwal Shikha 
Published: July 2019

:
The present study deals with the synthesis of novel 1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-chloro-4Hspiro[
azetidine-2,3'-indole]-2',4(1'H)-dione derivatives from the reaction of 3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-
ylimino)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one derivatives with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine
(TEA). The mechanism involved simple acid or base catalysed reaction through the formation of
Schiff base followed by cyclisation via ketene–imine cycloaddition reaction. All synthesized compounds
were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial
activities of the synthesized derivatives 5a-5g were examined via Micro Broth Dilution method against
bacterial strains Bacillius subtilis, Staphylcoccus aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and fungal strain Candida
albicans for determining MIC values. Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and griseofulvin were used as
standard drugs.

:
The MIC values for antimicrobial activity of synthesized compounds were examined using Micro
Broth Dilution method. Compounds 5a, 5b, and 5c were found effective against E. coli (MTCC 442)
and P.aeruginosa (MTCC 441) and all compounds showed moderate to excellent activity against
Streptococcus aureus (MTCC 96) and Bacillius subtilis (MTCC 441). Regarding the antifungal screening,
compounds 5a, 5b, and 5c exhibited excellent activity against Candida albicans MTCC 227.
1-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-chloro-4H-spiro[azetidine-2,3'-indole]-2',4(1'H)-dione derivatives may be
used as potential lead molecules as effective antimicrobial agents.
Iodine Bonded with Milk Protein Inhibits Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Development in Rats
Authors: Bespalov Vladimir G. , Alexandrov Valerii A. , Tochilnikov Grigory V. , Lukin Dmitrii Е. , Zhilinskaya Nadezhda T. , Semenov Alexandr L. , Vasilyeva Irina N. , Romanov Vladimir A. , Tumanyan Irina A. , Ermakova Elena D. , Kovalevskaya Elizaveta I. , Barakova Nadezhda V. , Baranenko Denis A. 
Published: July 2019

Background:There is some evidence that Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) may increase the risk of developing prostate cancer, so conducting research on effective BPH inhibitors is important.Objective:This research studied the inhibitory effect of Iodized Serum Milk Protein (ISMP) on BPH in rats. ISMP is a concentrate of lactic protein containing 2.2% iodine.Methods:Male Wistar rats, aged 18 months, were used. In the intact control group, sunflower oil was administered intragastrically by gavage. In 36 rats, BPH was induced by surgical castration, followed by subcutaneous injections of prolonged testosterone - omnadren, 25mg/kg every other day (7 administrations). One group of rats served as BPH-control. ISMP and finasteride (positive control), dissolved in sunflower oil, were administered to rats intragastrically daily at a dose of 200μg/kg and 5mg/kg, respectively, for 4 weeks starting immediately after castration.Results:ISMP inhibited the development of BPH in rats, significantly reducing the mass of the prostate and its parts (except for the anterior lobes) by 1.1-1.3 times and the prostatic index (the ratio of prostate weight to the body weight) - by 1.3-1.4 times. Finasteride inhibited the development of BPH, and its activity was higher (by 1.1-1.3 times) than in ISMP.:Histological analysis of the prostate showed fewer pronounced morphological hyperplasia signs in animals treated with ISMP or finasteride.Conclusion:The iodine-containing preparation ISMP has the ability to inhibit the development of BPH in rats although its activity is somewhat lower than that of finasteride.
Carica papaya: Potential Implications in Human Health
Authors: Heena Dave , Sunil Trivedi 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Carica papaya, a tree-like herb, is cultivated in more than 50 tropical
and subtropical countries worldwide. The parts [leaves, fruit (ripe and unripe), seeds and
latex] are used as food as well as traditional medicine in several ways for a number of diseases.
Papaya, with a variety of phytochemicals like carotenoids, polyphenols, benzyl isothiocynates,
benzyl glucosinates, prunasin (cyanogenic substrate), papain and chymopapain, alkaloids,
phenolic compounds, flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, E), carotenoids, cyanogenicglucosides,
cystatin, and glucosinolates exhibits significant health benefits ranging from digestive
to immune modulation. These compounds have antioxidant, chemoprotective, anti-diabetic,
anti-bacterial, anti-plasmodial and anti-fungal activities. Papaya aqueous leaf extract was
evaluated for immunomodulatory and anti-tumor activities through cytokine modulation
with Th1 type shift in human immune system through molecular studies. The platelet augmenting
potential of aqueous leaf extract has been reported in numerous clinical studies and
deserves special mention.

Objective:
The scientific knowledge of carica papaya in the post-genomic era including molecular
studies and clinical trials is discussed in the review.

Methods:
The published literature on botany, chemical composition, ethnopharmacology,
and uses of papaya in food and medical industry was searched through databases like Pub-
Med, Scopus, and Google scholar to comprehend the benefits of Carica papaya for human
use with around more than 600 published peer- reviewed papers.

Results:
Many traditional and novel uses of Carica papaya for the human benefit are detailed
in the review that significantly adds to the scientific knowledge of curious readers.

Conclusion:
Each component of the papaya plant is rich in phytochemicals and is economically
important. Most of the phytochemicals are linked to biological functions and influence
a variety of cellular processes; hence they have implications in refining human health.
SOLUBILITY AND DISSOLUTION RATE ENHANCEMENT OF EZETIMIBE BY SOLID DISPERSION AND PELLETIZATION TECHNIQUES USING SOLUPLUS AS CARRIER
Authors: Kunam Viswanadh , Suryadevara Vidyadhara , Garikapati Devala Rao , Mandava Venkata Basaveswara Rao , Sasidhar RLC 
Published: July 2019

Objective: In the present investigation, an attempt was made to improve the surface characters and solubility of the drug by solid dispersion and coating it on the nonpareil sugar beads as pellets.
Methods: Ezetimibe solid dispersions were prepared by kneading method using soluplus. Crospovidone was added as a disintegrant in pellets. Ezetimibe pellets were prepared by dissolving soluplus and crospovidone in ethanol in different ratios and coated on nonpareil sugar beads as a drug layer by pan coating technique. Various physicochemical parameters like particle size, friability, angle of repose and drug content were evaluated for the prepared solid dispersions and pellet formulations. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out in 1% SLS using USP apparatus II. FTIR and SEM analysis were performed for solid dispersions, pellet formulations and its polymers to determine the interactions and surface characteristics.
Results: The physicochemical parameters were within the specified I. P limits. It was observed that the solid dispersion formulation ED5 showed better dissolution rate to the extent of 1.07 folds and 1.95 folds when compared to a marketed formulation and the pure drug, respectively. Similarly, pellet formulation EP5 containing 1:5 ratio of ezetimibe to soluplus showed an improved dissolution rate to the extent of 1.173 folds and 2.136 folds when compared to the marketed formulation and the pure drug, respectively. FTIR analysis revealed that there was no major interaction between the drug and the excipients.
Conclusion: From the present study, it was observed that the solubility of ezetimibe was enhanced by soluplus in pellet formulations when compared to solid dispersions.
The DEVELOPMENT OF A VALIDATED STABILITY INDICATING LC-MS METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF TENOFOVIR DISOPROXIL FUMARATE USING QUALITY BY DESIGN APPROACH
Authors: SAHA CHANDNI , GUPTA N. VISHAL , CHANDAN R. S. , P. SHANMUKHA PRIYA 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To develop a validated Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) method through Quality by Design (QbD) approach for the determination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (tenofovir DF) in bulk, pharmaceutical formulation and stress conditions.
Methods: The analytical target profile (ATP) was to develop a simple, accurate, precise, specific, and robust method with the Critical Quality Attribute (CQA) being retention time, theoretical plate and peak tailing. Derived from the risk assessment studies, four high-risk factors were screened using resolution V irregular fraction design. Organic modifier strength, flow rate and injection volume were further optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The optimized method condition was validated and applied for the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical formulation. The stability of the analyte in stress conditions was determined. All experiments were performed using reverse-phase Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (1.7 µm, 1 mm X 50 mm) column coupled in-line with Synapt G2 mass spectrometer in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode with electron multiplier analog-to-digital detector.
Results: Optimized method condition eluted analyte at 3.40 min and the m/z 520 ratified the analyte peak. The method was validated and was found to be specific, linear in the range of 20-100 µg/ml (R2 = 0.9998) with accuracy between 98.71% - 101.17% and precise. The limit of detection and quantification were 5.50 µg/ml and 16.68 µg/ml respectively. Analyte degraded completely in acid and basic environment, however, stable in oxidative and photolytic conditions.
Conclusion: The validated method developed through the systematic and rational QbD approach bespoke superior quality. The QbD approach not only justified the entire process but also eliminated uncertainties.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGUE TABLETS
Authors: SHPRAKH ZOYA , ORLOVA OLGA , OBOROTOVA NATALYA , BUNYATYAN NATALYA 
Published: July 2019

Objective: This study was undertaken with the aim of the formulation and evaluation of hypothalamic hormone somatostatin analogue tablets, which are intended for neuroendocrine tumours treatment.
Methods: Tablets were prepared by using the wet granulation method and evaluated for weight variation, resistance to crushing, friability, disintegration time, content and content uniformity. Stability tests have been performed.
Results: Characteristics of somatostatin analogue cyphetrylin powder have been investigated, and the wet granulation method has been chosen to prepare tablets. Technical pharmaceutical properties of formulations of different compositions and obtained tablets were estimated and the best formulation CF11 has been established with appropriate characteristics: disintegration time less than 15 min, resistance to crushing more than 30 kg·m·s−2, weight variation ˂7.5 %, active substance content closed to the nominal quantity and consistent cyphetrylin distribution in the batch. Performed examinations showed cyphetrylin tablets stability in the long-term study.
Conclusion: Because of somatostatin analogue cyphetrylin powder properties tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method with starch, lactose, povidone, talc, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium stearate and magnesium stearate as excipients. The best formulation including povidone has characteristics corresponding to requirements of European Pharmacopoeia (PhEur) and State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (PhRu). Examination of cyphetrylin tablets showed its quality and stability within the time of observation–12 mo.
EFFECT OF STERILIZATION BY HEATING IN THE PRESENCE OF BACTERICIDE AND BACTERIAL FILTERED MEMBRANE ON THE STABILITY OF EYE DROPS CONTAINING 0.5% CHLORAMPHENICOL AT VARIOUS pH
Authors: FITRI KUSUMA SRI AGUNG , ABDASSAH MARLINE 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine a sterile 0.5% chloramphenicol eye drop formula with the best potency of antibacterial by determining the appropriate sterilization method and the supporting pH.
Methods: 0.5% chloramphenicol was formulated with 0.01% thimerosal, which act as a bactericide and combines with borate buffer to produce eye drop formulas with variations in pH (6.8, 7.0 and 7.4). All formulas were stored at room temperature for 28 d and were evaluated, including: organoleptic of the preparations, sterility, pH stability, and the antibacterial potency of chloramphenicol in eye drops.
Results: All dosage formulas did not undergo photodegradation reactions which were marked by no change in color until the end of the storage period. However, the formula with pH 6.8 which was sterilized by heating in a presence of bactericide, showed the presence of more particulate precipitates than in the pH 6.8 formula which was sterilized using membrane filter bacteria. However, both methods of sterilization produced sterile chloramphenicol eye drops. The preparation using a method of heat sterilization with bactericide decreased the pH greater than the preparation using a sterile bacterial filter sterilization method. C2 preparations at pH 7.0 and sterilized using the bacterial filter membrane sterilization method were more stable because they had the smallest pH change of 0.05 and the percentage reduction in antibacterial potential was smaller at 1.15%.
Conclusion: The best treatment for the chloramphenicol eye drop was kept the pH formula at pH 7 and sterilized using bacterial filter membrane sterilization method.
CHARACTERIZATION AND HYPOGLYCEMIC STUDY OF ISOLATED NATURAL POLYMER FROM THE STEM OF MANILKARA HEXANDRA (ROXB.) DUBARD
Authors: MONISHA S. IRUDAYA , VIMALA J. ROSALINE 
Published: July 2019

Objective: In the present study, the isolated natural polymer from the stem of Manilkara hexandra and their physiochemical parameters were investigated. It is further involved in hypoglycemic studies.
Methods: The gum exudates were screened for phytochemicals, physicochemically analyzed for solubility, pH, total ash, moisture content, acid insoluble ash, water soluble ash, sulfated ash, flow property, and it is characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) studies (13Carbon and 1Proton) and it was examined in vitro studies by hypoglycaemic activity.
Results: The isolated gum extracted from the stem of Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard ash values were found to be low. The gum is found to be hygroscopic in nature due to its high moisture content (0.9131±0.03). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectra show relevant functional groups for gum, which is further confirmed by resonance spectral studies. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows that the gum is amorphous as well as crystalline in nature. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) image confirms that the gum particles have irregular size and shape. Sugar composition analysis by Thin Layer Chromatography indicated the presence of rhamnose, arabinose. The in vitro study of hypoglycemic activity shows the best report compared with the standard. The experimental evidence offers scope to use this natural polymer in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
Conclusion: The isolated natural polymer shows good result in hypoglycemic studies compared with standard.
MULTIPARTICULATE FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF ANAGLIPTIN: DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION FOR ITS EFFICACY IN MANAGEMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: MISHRA RAKESH V. , DHOLE SHASHIKANT N. 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The present research aims to design and optimize gastroretentive floating pellets of anagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor), so as to reduce P-Glycoprotein (PGP)–mediated efflux in the intestine hence to improve oral bioavailability.
Methods: The drug-containing core pellets were prepared by extrusion and spheronization process followed by subsequent coating with three successive layers i.e. Eudragit RS 100, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3): hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E5LV (HPMC E5LV) and Eudragit RL 100 using fluidized bed processor. A 3 level 3 factor box-behnken design was adopted to investigate the effect of Eudragit RS 100, NaHCO3: HPMC E5LVand Eudragit RL 100 on floating lag time and drug release at 10 h. Desirability function under numerical optimization technique was used to identify the optimum formulation.
Results: The study reveals the significant effect of the amount of NaHCO3 and coating level of polymers on floating lag time and drug release. The optimum system could float within 4 min and exhibited more than 85% drug release in 10 h. The pharmacokinetic study conducted in male Wistar rats indicated 2.51 fold increase in relative bioavailability of optimized formulation compare to anagliptin drug. Formulated anagliptin pellets were evaluated in cafeteria diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in male Wistar rats. Anagliptin floating pellets treatment compared to cafeteria diet group significantly inhibited increase in body weight (238.79±2.52 g vs. 277.98±3.69 g, P<0.001), calorie intake (2283.99 kcal vs. 3086.05 kcal, P<0.05) and serum levels of total cholesterol (95.19±0.61 mg/dl vs. 110.04±1.31 mg/dl, P<0.01), triglycerides (96.12±1.25 mg/dl vs. 105.99±1.29 mg/dl, P<0.01) while high-density lipoproteins levels were improved (42.15±0.92 mg/dl vs. 30.92±0.77 mg/dl, P<0.01) indicated its hypophagic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects.
Conclusion: The gastroretentive floating pellets of anagliptin was obtained and could be a promising technique to deliver anagliptin with improved bioavailability in the management of the metabolic syndrome.
Prediksi Zona Tangkapan Ikan Menggunakan Citra Klorofil-a dan Citra Suhu Permukaan Laut Satelit Aqua MODIS di Perairan Aceh Jaya
Authors: - Mursyidin - 
Published: July 2019

Abstrak - Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memprediksi zona tangkapan ikan a d a l a h dengan memanfaatkan citra satelit. Klorofil-a dan suhu permukaan laut parameter yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi area yang berpotensi untuk penangkapan ikan. Penelitian ini untuk akan memprediksi area yang berpotensi untuk penangkapan ikan berdasarkan sebaran SPL dan sebaran klorofil-a di perairan Aceh Jaya. Dan menyajikan area potensi penangkapan ikan dalam bentuk Peta yang mudah dimengerti oleh nelayan. Tahapan-tahapan yang dilakukan, pengumpulan citra, pemotongan citra sesuai dengan daerah yang diinginkan, ekstrak informasi klorofil-a dan sebaran suhu permukaan laut, dan interpolasi dengan menggunakan metode Kriging. zona potensi panangkapan di perairan Aceh jaya hanya terdeteksi pada bulan November dan Desember yang tersebar di sepanjang pesisir pantai perairan Aceh jaya . Perairan Aceh sangat cocok dijadikan daerah untuk penangkapan ikan pada bulan November dan Desember dikarenakan pada bulan November dan Desember perairan Aceh jaya memiliki kandungan sebaran klorofil-a yang tinggi dan terdapat adanya suhu permukaan laut yang sesuai untuk penangkapan ikan yaitu antara 26 0C – 29 0C.