bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the thalamus and hippocampus in episodic memory performance in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Koenig Katherine A , Rao Stephen M , Lowe Mark J , Lin Jian , Sakaie Ken E , Stone Lael , Bermel Robert A , Trapp Bruce D , Phillips Micheal D 
Published: March 2018

Background: Episodic memory loss is one of the most common cognitive symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the pathophysiology of this symptom remains unclear. Both the hippocampus and thalamus have been implicated in episodic memory and show regional atrophy in patients with MS. Objective: In this work, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a verbal episodic memory task, lesion load, and volumetric measures of the hippocampus and thalamus to assess the relative contributions to verbal and visual–spatial episodic memory. Methods: Functional activation, lesion load, and volumetric measures from 32 patients with MS and 16 healthy controls were used in a predictive analysis of episodic memory function. Results: After adjusting for disease duration, immediate recall performance on a visual–spatial episodic memory task was significantly predicted by hippocampal volume ( p < 0.003). Delayed recall on the same task was significantly predicted by volume of the left thalamus ( p < 0.003). For both memory measures, functional activation of the thalamus during encoding was more predictive than that of volume measures ( p < 0.002). Conclusion: Our results suggest that functional activation may be useful as a predictive measure of episodic memory loss in patients with MS.
Evaluation of brain lesion distribution criteria at disease onset in differentiating MS from NMOSD and MOG-IgG-associated encephalomyelitis
Authors: Hyun Jae-Won , Huh So-Young , Shin Hyun-June , Woodhall Mark , Kim Su-Hyun , Irani Sarosh R , Lee Sang Hyun , Waters Patrick , Kim Ho Jin 
Published: March 2018

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the utility of the recently described brain lesion distribution criteria to differentiate multiple sclerosis (MS) from aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin G-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) at disease onset in an Asian cohort. Methods: A total of 214 patients who fulfilled the published criteria for MS, NMOSD, or MOG-EM and underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 3 months of disease onset were enrolled. The brain lesion distribution criteria were defined as the presence of a lesion adjacent to the body of the lateral ventricle and in the inferior temporal lobe, or an S-shaped U-fiber lesion, or a Dawson’s finger-type lesion. Results: Brain lesions were identified in the initial MRI scans of 166/214 patients. The distribution criteria were applied to these scans (MS ( n = 94), NMOSD ( n = 64), and MOG-EM ( n = 8)). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the criteria for MS versus NMOSD were 79.8%, 87.5%, 90.4%, and 74.7%, and for MS versus MOG-EM these were 79.8%, 100%, 100%, and 29.6%, respectively. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the brain lesion distribution criteria are helpful in distinguishing MS from NMOSD and MOG-EM in an Asian population, even at disease onset.
Five-year survival, disability, and recurrence after first-ever stroke in a middle-income country: A population-based study in Joinvile, Brazil
Authors: Cabral Norberto L , Nagel Vivian , Conforto Adriana B , Amaral Claudio H , Venancio Vanessa G , Safanelli Juliana , Ibiapina Felipe , Longo Alexandre L , Zetola Viviane de Hiroki F 
Published: March 2018

Background Information about long-term outcomes after stroke in developing countries provided by population-based methodologies is scarce. Aim This study aimed to know outcomes five years after a first-ever stroke in Joinville, Brazil. Methods Data were extracted from the Joinville Stroke Registry about all patients who had strokes in Joinville in 2010 and were followed up to 2015. Stroke recurrence, Kaplan–Meier survival probabilities, functional outcomes, and causes of death were ascertained at 30 days, six months, one and five years. Results A total of 399 strokes were studied. The mean age was 64 (standard deviation 16) years. After five years, 52% (95% confidence interval: 47–57%) survived and 20% (95% confidence interval: 15–26%) of the survivors had modified Rankin scale scores >2. More than half of these patients were institutionalized in nursing or home care settings. The average risk of death per year was ≈7%. Survival rates were significantly lower for subarachnoid hemorrhage and primary intracerebral hemorrhage than for ischemic stroke. The five-year recurrence rate was 12% (95% confidence interval: 9–15%). The index stroke was the cause of death in three quarters of the patients. Conclusions The results showed that 68% of the patients with stroke were either dead or disabled five years after first-ever stroke. This percentage is similar to proportions of other recent cohorts from developed countries, despite the lower age of the patients in this study.
Brief electrical stimulation and synkinesis after facial nerve crush injury: A randomized prospective animal study
Authors: Mendez Adrian , Hopkins Alex , Biron Vincent L. , Seikaly Hadi , Zhu Lin Fu , Côté David W. J. 
Published: March 2018

Background Recent studies have examined the effects of brief electrical stimulation (BES) on nerve regeneration, with some suggesting that BES accelerates facial nerve recovery. However, the facial nerve outcome measurement in these studies has not been precise or accurate. Furthermore, no previous studies have been able to demonstrate the effect of BES on synkinesis. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of brief electrical stimulation (BES) on facial nerve function and synkinesis in a rat model. Methods Four groups of six rats underwent a facial nerve injury procedure. Group 1 and 2 underwent a crush injury at the main trunk of the nerve, with group 2 additionally receiving BES for 1 h. Group 3 and 4 underwent a transection injury at the main trunk, with group 4 additionally receiving BES for 1 h. A laser curtain model was used to measure amplitude of whisking at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Fluorogold and fluororuby neurotracers were additionally injected into each facial nerve to measure synkinesis. Buccal and marginal mandibular branches of the facial nerve were each injected with different neurotracers at 3 months following injury. Based on facial nucleus motoneuron labelling of untreated rats, comparison was made to post-treatment animals to deduce whether synkinesis had taken place. All animals underwent trans-cardiac perfusion with subsequent neural tissue sectioning. Results At week two, the amplitude observed for group 1 and 2 was 14.4 and 24.0 degrees, respectively ( p = 0.0004). Group 4 also demonstrated improved whisking compared to group 3. Fluorescent neuroimaging labelling appear to confirm improved pathway specific regeneration with BES following facial nerve injury. Conclusions This is the first study to use an implantable stimulator for serial BES following a crush injury in a validated animal model. Results suggest performing BES after facial nerve injury is associated with accelerated facial nerve function and improved facial nerve specific pathway regeneration in a rat model.
Debate: The concept of culture has outlived its usefulness for psychiatry
Authors: Rashed Mohammed A. , Bingham Rachel , Poole Norman A. , Sanati Abdi , van Staden Werdie 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis paper presents a debate in which the authors participated at the World Psychiatric Association conference in Cape Town, South Africa in November 2016. Professor van Staden acted as chair and here, as at the debate, provides a rationale for debating a topic that many of those involved in mental health believe to be decided. The discussion that ensued demonstrated, however, that while the arguments have moved on they have not ceased. Who won? Well that depends how you look at it. A few in the audience shifted position towards the motion but the majority remained opposed. What do you think?Declaration of interestNone.
Perioperative Management May Improve Long-term Survival in Patients After Lung Cancer Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Wen-Wen , Zhu Wen-Zhi , Mu Dong-Liang , Ji Xin-Qiang , Nie Xiao-Lu , Li Xue-Ying , Wang Dong-Xin , Ma Daqing 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND:
Surgical resection is the main treatment for patients with non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but patients’ long-term outcome is still challenging. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of long-term survival in patients after lung cancer surgery.

METHODS:
Patients who underwent surgery for NSCLC from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2009, were enrolled into this retrospective cohort study. The primary outcome was the survival length after surgery. Predictors of long-term survival were screened with the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model.

RESULTS:
Postoperative follow-up was completed in 588 patients with a median follow-up duration of 5.2 years (interquartile range, 2.0–6.8). Two hundred ninety-one patients (49.5%) survived at the end of follow-up with median survival duration of 64.3 months (interquartile range, 28.5–81.6). The overall survival rates were 90.8%, 70.0%, and 57.1% at the end of the first, third, and fifth year after surgery, respectively. Limited resection (hazard ratio [HR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.98; P = .013) and large tumor size (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17–1.42; P < .001) were associated with short survival; whereas high body mass index grade (HR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69–0.97; P = .021), highly differentiated tumor (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37–0.93; P = .024), dissection of mediastinal lymph node during surgery (HR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.30–0.67; P < .001), and perioperative use of dexamethasone (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.54–0.90; P = .006) were associated with long survival. No association was found between perioperative use of flurbiprofen axetil and long survival (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.62–1.03; P = .086). However, combined administration of dexamethasone and flurbiprofen axetil was associated with longer survival (compared to no use of both: adjusted HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.38–0.84; P = .005).

CONCLUSIONS:
Certain factors in particular perioperative dexamethasone and flurbiprofen axetil therapy may improve patients’ long-term survival after surgery for NSCLC. Given the small sample size, these findings should be interpreted with caution, and randomized clinical trials are needed for further clarification.
Case Report: Pulmonary and Liver Sarcoidosis Suspected of Metastasis
Authors: Jafari Behnam , Sabz Gholamabas , Masnavi Elahe , Panahi Roghaye , Jokar Saeid , Roozbehi Amrollah , Hasanzadeh Sajad 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disease with unknown cause that can vary from an asymptomatic condition. Almost half of the patients with sarcoidosis have no symptoms. In this article, we describe a sarcoidosis patient with lung and liver engagement; it may be confused with metastasis. Case report: A 39-year-old man, known as hypothyroidism who had come to the emergency ward with dyspnea and coughing after exposure to detergents in a closed environment A 39-year-old man, known as hypothyroidism who had come to the emergency ward with dyspnea and coughing after exposure to detergents in a closed environment. The patient smoked for 10 years (3 pack/year). No other findings were found in clinical examinations except for wheezing in the right lung. The patient's chest radiography was shown a mass. For further investigation, spiral CT scan was performed. Large lymph nodes on the right side of the trachea, measuring about 23 mm and a mass of 70 × 77 mm in the vicinity of the right lung hilum and a hypodense nodule in the posterior part of the liver with malignancy suspicious were reported. After several biopsy results was shown chronic granulomatous inflammation, the most important differential diagnosis is tuberculosis (TB) and sarcoidosis. Sputum smear, culture, and PCR were performed for tuberculosis. Also, the level of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) was measured for sarcoidosis. the results ruled out TB and shown a higher level of ACE (ACE = 88).After diagnosis treatment started with prednisolone. Now, the patient is in the follow- up. Conclusion: In hilar lymphadenopathy of lung sarcoidosis is the importance differential diagnosis that should be considered
Salience Bias in Crowdsourcing Contests
Authors: Lee Ho Cheung Brian , Ba Sulin , Li Xinxin , Stallaert Jan 
Published: March 2018

Crowdsourcing relies on online platforms to connect a community of users to perform specific tasks. However, without appropriate control, the behavior of the online community might not align with the platform’s designed objective, which can lead to an inferior platform performance. This paper investigates how the feedback information on a crowdsourcing platform and systematic bias of crowdsourcing workers can affect crowdsourcing outcomes. Specifically, using archival data from the online crowdsourcing platform Kaggle, combined with survey data from actual Kaggle contest participants, we examine the role of a systematic bias, namely, the salience bias, in influencing the performance of the crowdsourcing workers and how the number of crowdsourcing workers moderates the impact of the salience bias on the outcomes of contests. Our results suggest that the salience bias influences the performance of contestants, including the winners of the contests. Furthermore, the number of participating contestants may attenuate or amplify the impact of the salience bias on the outcomes of contests, depending on the effort required to complete the tasks. Our results have critical implications for crowdsourcing firms and platform designers. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2018.0775 .
Continuing Professional Development: Pain management in children in the pre-hospital environment
Authors: Whitley Gregory 
Published: March 2018

Overview Pain management is complex in children; age, developmental level, and both cognitive and communication skills, as well as associated beliefs must be considered. Pain can have psychological, physical and social consequences, all of which impact quality of life. Without effective pain treatment, there are risks of long-term changes in stress hormone responses, pain perception and post-traumatic stress disorder. The current article helps to shed light on a number of difficulties faced when managing pain in children, and how to overcome them.
10 minutos de ronquidos y lluvia (poema material del poeta soñante)
Authors: Bravo Luis 
Published: March 2018

A. Concepto:1. La grabación fue registrada al azar una noche en un hotel durante un viaje, en 2014. El grabador quedó prendido, el poeta durmiente. 2. La grabación se edita y se convierte en pieza poética desde una elaboración conceptual surgida a partir de la convocatoria de Vox Media.3. El ronquido, que no es voz, constituye una sonoridad incontrolada. La performance agrega la materialidad de toda la representación. 4. La pieza desde lo material es el audiograma del sueño. Desde lo onírico es sonoridad del inconsciente trabajando. 5. Síntesis: la performance incluye las variaciones del ronquido, los sonidos de la lluvia, el soñar del durmiente, el azar del registro grabado, el trabajo inconsciente del poeta. 6. La duración (10 minutos) integra la materialidad del poema.B) Instalación: pautas para la emisión. La manera simple para la escucha de la pieza es con auriculares en un equipo estéreo. Se sugiere agregar una escucha deslindada, si el equipo cuenta con alternancia de canales. a) Una primera escucha del canal izquierdo; b) una segunda del canal derecho; c) una tercera de ambos canales en estéreo. Canal izquierdo: paisaje sonoro (ronquido y lluvia) en tiempo lineal. Canal derecho: ciertas alteraciones del orden de las secuencias producen otras combinaciones sonoras. El estéreo, ambos canales a la vez, alterna los ronquidos a modo de contrapunto.
Post-producción de audio realizada en el “labOratorio” Maldonado, Uruguay.
High-Resolution Analysis of the Efficiency, Heritability, and Editing Outcomes of CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Modifications of NCED4 in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
Authors: Bertier Lien D , Ron Mily , Huo Heqiang , Bradford Kent J , Britt Anne B , Michelmore Richard W 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 is a transformative tool for making targeted genetic alterations. In plants, high mutation efficiencies have been reported in primary transformants. However, many of the mutations analyzed were somatic and therefore not heritable. To provide more insights into the efficiency of creating stable homozygous mutants using CRISPR/Cas9, we targeted LsNCED4 (9-cis-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE4), a gene conditioning thermoinhibition of seed germination in lettuce. Three constructs, each capable of expressing Cas9 and a single gRNA targeting different sites in LsNCED4, were stably transformed into lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cvs. Salinas and Cobham Green. Analysis of 47 primary transformants (T1) and 368 T2 plants by deep amplicon sequencing revealed that 57% of T1 plants contained events at the target site: 28% of plants had germline mutations in one allele indicative of an early editing event (mono-allelic), 8% of plants had germline mutations in both alleles indicative of two early editing events (bi-allelic), and the remaining 21% of plants had multiple low frequency mutations indicative of late events (chimeric plants). Editing efficiency was similar in both genotypes, while the different gRNAs varied in efficiency. Amplicon sequencing of 20 T1 and more than 100 T2 plants for each of the three gRNAs showed that repair outcomes were not random, but reproducible and characteristic for each gRNA. Knockouts of NCED4 resulted in large increases in the maximum temperature for seed germination, with seeds of both cultivars capable of germinating &gt;70% at 37°. Knockouts of NCED4 provide a whole-plant selectable phenotype that has minimal pleiotropic consequences. Targeting NCED4 in a co-editing strategy could therefore be used to enrich for germline-edited events simply by germinating seeds at high temperature.
Inferring Fitness Effects from Time-Resolved Sequence Data with a Delay-Deterministic Model
Authors: Nené Nuno R , Dunham Alistair S , Illingworth Christopher J R 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA broad range of approaches have considered the challenge of inferring selection from time-resolved genome sequence data. Models describing deterministic changes in allele or haplotype frequency have been highlighted as providing accurate and computationally...
MEMBANGUN KOMUNIKASI INTIM PASANGAN MUSLIM NIKAH MUDA DALAM PENDEKATAN PSIKOLOGI PERKEMBANGAN DAN AGAMA
Authors: Sari Yunita 
Published: March 2018

Marriage in young people becomes popular among moslem in Indonesian. Unfortunately, the statistic of divorce is also increases every year. Divorce much happen among couples at the first five years of marriage. Communication is the major cause of the divorce. Developmental Psychology approach assumes that couple can built healthy communication with full of affection through confirmation, self disclosure and sexual communication. Furthermore, Islam suggests the moslem to take Rasulullah (prophet Muhammad Saw.) as their model in the ways of his communication among his family members. The two perspectives can be developed as intervention technique to reduce the statistic of divorce in Indonesia.
STUDI KUALITATIF PEMAKNAAN APLIKATIF SHALAT SOSIAL
Authors: Mursidin Mursidin 
Published: March 2018

Salat is as a medium of connection the communication between human and God. In implementation, salat taught many kinds of moral. The purpose of this research is get the clarification about salat and social piety. This research is as a qualitative research because the data of research is not a statistic data. The researcher finds the different view of salat. First doctrine of salat has the certain meaning that related to morality. That is, if the doer of salat implements and experiences of the full salat the moral value has the functiom to form the good personality. Second the pure view based on fiqh limit of rules and ritual duty. According to this view, salat related to ritual duty. Salat doesn’t contain moral dimension because salat has the certain space in system of Islam doctrine that separated from system of salat doctrine.
KONSELING PEREMPUAN
Authors: Ulfiah Ulfiah 
Published: March 2018

Women have the same status as the man. There is no differences of status and human right between women and men. Both men and women have the same function in the social life. In the long history, women had the important role. With their achievement, Islam has given the large area to the women in doing good action and heroic. Islam has shown a good position for the women in social life. In the global area, the role of women and men had changed. Women tends to get the public role. The tendencies of women change is because of the opened opportunities for the women. This Phenomenon gives the opportunities to the women to express their potential. But it will be a problem if the women don’t understand the role of gender totally. So, counseling has to give the right understanding in expressing their potential.
PERAN KECERDASAN INTELEKTUAL DAN SELF REGULATED LEARNING TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA
Authors: Hidayat Usman 
Published: March 2018

This research specifically observes the personal factors of students, both demo-graphically and psychologically expected to influence to achievement of study had by them. Demographic factor that will be observed is intellectual quotient and psychological factor that will be observed is self regulated learning. Self regulated learning comes from the concept of self regulation which is said by Bandura (1997), but it has been modified and specified for education domain by Zimmerman (2000). This research plan applies correlation plan, multiple regression. The research data include: (1) primer data, i.e., data correlating to self regulated learning, and (2) secondary data, i.e., the data correlating to the standard of quotient and the result of study achievement (IPK). The secondary data is gotten from the result of psycho test implemented by the laboratory of Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung State Islamic University psychology faculty and the data existing in Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung State Islamic University Psychology Faculty. The result of analysis data shows that the correlation coefficient of all three independent variables with dependent variable = 0.564 and R2 = 0.310. It shows that 31 percent of study achievement variety is determined by intellectual quotient and self regulated learning. Furthermore, 69 percent of it is determined by the other variables.
PERBANDINGAN SIKAP TERHADAP PERILAKU SEKS PRANIKAH ANTARA SISWA SMAN DENGAN SISWA MAN
Authors: Indrawaty Raden Reny 
Published: March 2018

The investigator feels interesting to know the differences attitude in SMA students and MA students to the pre marriage sex behavior. There is the indications shows that the adolescence attitude to the pre marriage sex is increasing. If we look the religion curriculum, there is the differences between the religion curriculum in SMA and MA. The students of SMA study religion much more than the students of MA. The research uses the comparative method and uses Mann Whitney U test. Based on the counting the degree of trust is 95% (α = 0,05) known that p> α. It means that Ho is accepted and H1 is rejected. From the result above shows that there is no attitude differences to the pre marriage sex behavior between the students at SMA and the students at MA. The average ranking between SMA and MA is 71,02 > 63,61.