bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate adaptation planning in the higher education sector
Authors: Kautto Niina , Trundle Alexei , McEvoy Darryn 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThere is a growing interest in climate change action in the higher education sector. Higher education institutions (HEIs) play an important role as property owners, employers, education and research hubs as well as leaders of societal transformations. The purpose of this paper was therefore to benchmark how universities globally are addressing climate risks.Design/methodology/approachAn international survey was conducted to benchmark the sector’s organisational planning for climate change and to better understand how the higher education sector contributes to local-level climate adaptation planning processes. The international survey focused especially on the assessment of climate change impacts and adaptation plans.FindingsBased on the responses of 45 HEIs located in six different countries on three continents, the study found that there are still very few tertiary institutions that plan for climate-related risks in a systematic way.Originality/valueThe paper sheds light on the barriers HEIs face in engaging in climate adaptation planning and action. Some of the actions to overcome such hindering factors include integrating climate adaptation in existing risk management and sustainability planning processes, using the internal academic expertise and curriculum to assist the mapping of climate change impacts and collaborating with external actors to guarantee the necessary resources. The higher education sector can act as a leader in building institutional resilience at the local scale.
Examining the relationship between hospital ownership and population health efforts
Authors: Gabriel Meghan Hufstader , Atkins Danielle , Liu Xinliang , Tregerman Rebecca 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ownership type and population health initiatives adopted by hospitals using the 2015 American Hospital Association data.

Design/methodology/approach
Hospitals of various sizes, ownership structures and geographic locations are represented in the survey. The outcome variables of interest include measures of hospital population health activities.

Findings
Findings indicate that nonprofit hospitals are most likely to express commitment to population health and participate in population health activities, with for-profit hospitals being least likely. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Research limitations/implications
This study demonstrates that discrepancies in population health approaches exist across ownership status – particularly, nonprofit hospitals appear to be the most likely to be involved in population health efforts.

Practical implications
As we continue to push for population health management in the hospital setting, grappling with the definition and purpose of population health management will be essential.

Social implications
Overall, these results suggest that nonprofit hospitals are more likely to be implementing population health efforts than for-profit or government-owned hospitals.

Originality/value
Although there are several studies on population health in hospitals, this study is the first to investigate the relationship between ownership type and population health initiatives adopted by hospitals.
Study of the influence of temperature on the measurement accuracy of transit-time ultrasonic flowmeters
Authors: Ge Liang , Deng Hongxia , Wang Qing , Hu Ze , Li Junlan 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to deal largely with the influence of temperature variation on the measurement accuracy of transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter.

Design/methodology/approach
The causes of measurement error due to temperature are qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed, and a mathematical model is established. The experimental data are processed and analyzed, and the temperature compensation coefficient of flow measurement is obtained.

Findings
The experimental results show that the flow measurement results by temperature compensation are helpful in improving the measurement accuracy of the ultrasonic flowmeter.

Practical implications
This study has certain application value, which can provide theoretical support for the design of high-precision ultrasonic flowmeters and design guidance.

Originality/value
It is worth emphasizing that there are few research studies on the influence factors of temperature. This paper focuses on the influence of the temperature change on the flowmeter that is modeled, and the high precision flow parameter test system is designed based on the established model.
Shear strength and fracture mechanism for full Cu-Sn IMCs solder joints with different Cu3Sn proportion and joints with conventional interfacial structure in electronic packaging
Authors: Yao Peng , Li Xiaoyan , Han Xu , Xu Liufeng 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This study aims to analyze the shear strength and fracture mechanism of full Cu-Sn IMCs joints with different Cu3Sn proportion and joints with the conventional interfacial structure in electronic packaging.

Design/methodology/approach
The Cu-Sn IMCs joints with different Cu3Sn proportion were fabricated through soldering Cu-6 μm Sn-Cu sandwich structure under the extended soldering time and suitable pressure. The joints of conventional interfacial structure were fabricated through soldering Cu-100 μm Sn-Cu sandwich structure. After the shear test was conducted, the fracture mechanism of different joints was studied through observing the cross-sectional fracture morphology and top-view fracture morphology of sheared joints.

Findings
The strength of joints with the conventional interfacial structure was 26.6 MPa, while the strength of full Cu-Sn IMCs joints with 46.7, 60.6, 76.7 and 100 per cent Cu3Sn was, respectively, 33.5, 39.7, 45.7 and 57.9 MPa. The detailed reason for the strength of joints showing such regularity was proposed. For the joint of conventional interfacial structure, the microvoids accumulation fracture happened within the Sn solder. However, for the full Cu-Sn IMCs joint with 46.7 per cent Cu3Sn, the cleavage fracture happened within the Cu6Sn5. As the Cu3Sn proportion increased to 60.6 per cent, the inter-granular fracture, which resulted in the interfacial delamination of Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5, occurred along the Cu3Sn/Cu6Sn5 interface, while the cleavage fracture happened within the Cu6Sn5. Then, with the Cu3Sn proportion increasing to 76.7 per cent, the cleavage fracture happened within the Cu6Sn5, while the transgranular fracture happened within the Cu3Sn. The inter-granular fracture, which led to the interfacial delamination of Cu3Sn and Cu, happened along the Cu/Cu3Sn interface. For the full Cu3Sn joint, the cleavage fracture happened within the Cu3Sn.

Originality/value
The shear strength and fracture mechanism of full Cu-Sn IMCs joints was systematically studied. A direct comparison regarding the shear strength and fracture mechanism between the full Cu-Sn IMCs joints and joints with the conventional interfacial structure was conducted.
Physician characteristics, industry transfers, and pharmaceutical prescribing: Empirical evidence from medicare and the physician payment sunshine act
Authors: Brunt Christopher Scott 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate physician characteristics associated with pharmaceutical industry transfers and prescribing behavior after public reporting under the Sunshine Act.Data Sources2014‐2016 secondary data on industry transfers to physicians from the Open Payments Dataset supplemented with Medicare Part D prescription data, Medicare service data, and practice attributes from the Physician Compare Database.Study DesignUsing regression analysis with county/physician fixed effects, this study examines characteristics associated with the probability/magnitude of transfers and the association between transfers and prescriptions.Data CollectionUsing an iterative matching approach, this study identifies physicians who delivered outpatient Medicare services in 2014 (n = 409 041) and tracks their annual transfers between 2014 and 2016 (N = 1 227 123) across six transfer categories. In addition, it examines their Medicare Part D prescription behavior between 2014 and 2015 (N = 741 659).Principal FindingsIndustry transfers dramatically declined in 2015 and 2016. Transfers are significantly associated with increased prescription costs, branded prescribing, and prescribing for High‐Risk Medications (HRMs).ConclusionsIndustry transfers have declined after public reporting. Transfers are associated with higher prescription costs and incidence of HRMs. Future research is needed to determine the causal impact on quality and cost‐effectiveness of prescribed medications.
Using a semi‐mechanistic model to identify the main sources of variability of metformin pharmacokinetics
Authors: Stage Tore Bjerregaard , Wellhagen Gustaf , Christensen Mette Marie Hougaard , Guiastrennec Benjamin , Brøsen Kim , Kjellsson Maria C. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetformin pharmacokinetics (PK) is highly variable, and researchers have for years tried to shed light on determinants of inter‐individual (IIV) and inter‐occasion variability (IOV) of metformin PK. We set out to identify the main sources of PK variability using a semi‐mechanistic model. We assessed the influence of subject characteristics, including seven genetic variants. Data from three studies of healthy individuals with PK measurements of plasma and urine after single dose or at steady‐state were used in this study. In total, 87 subjects were included (16 crossover subjects). Single nucleotide polymorphisms in ATM, OCT1, OCT2, MATE1 and MATE2‐K were investigated as dominant, recessive or additive. A three‐compartment model with transit absorption and renal elimination with a proportional error was fitted to the data using NONMEM 7.3. Oral parameters were separated from disposition parameters as dose‐dependent absolute bioavailability was determined with support from urine data. Clearance was expressed as net renal secretion and filtration, assuming full fraction unbound and fraction excreted. Mean transit time and peripheral volume of distribution were identified as the main sources of variability according to estimates, with 94% IOV and 95% IIV, respectively. Clearance contributed only with 16% IIV. Glomerular filtration rate and body‐weight were the only covariates found to affect metformin net secretion, reducing IIV to 14%. None of the genetic variants were found to affect metformin PK. Based on our analysis, finding covariates explaining absorption of metformin is much more valuable in understanding variability and avoiding toxicity than elimination.
Intratunical injection of stromal vascular fraction prevents fibrosis in a rat model of Peyronie's disease
Authors: Castiglione Fabio , Hedlund Petter , Weyne Emmanuel , Hakim Lukman , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , De Ridder Dirk , Milenkovic Uros , Ralph David , Garaffa Giulio , Muneer Asif , Joniau Steven , Albersen Maarten ,   the Trauma and Reconstructive Urology Working Party of the European Association of Urology (EAU) Young Academic Urologists (YAU)
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate whether local injection of autologous adipose stromal vascular fraction (SVF) can prevent the development of fibrosis and elastosis in the tunica albuginea (TA) using a rat model of the acute phase of Peyronie's disease (PD).MethodsA total of 24 male 12‐week‐old Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three equal groups: sham; PD without treatment (transforming growth factor‐β [TGF ‐β]); and PD treated with SVF 1 day after disease induction. Sham rats received two injections of vehicle into the TA 1 day apart. TGF ‐β rats received TGF‐ β1 injection and injection of vehicle 1 day later. SVF rats received TGF‐β1 injection, followed by SVF 1 day later. One month after treatment, all rats underwent measurement of intracavernosal pressure and mean arterial pressure during electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve. The rats were then killed and penises were harvested for histology and Western blot analysis.ResultsErectile function was moderately reduced in the TGF‐β group and was significantly improved after SVF treatment (P < 0.05). PD rats developed areas of fibrosis with a significant upregulation of collagen III, collagen I and elastin protein expression. These fibrotic changes were prevented when treated with SVF.ConclusionsLocal injection of SVF may represent treatment for the acute phase of PD.
Diagnostic accuracy of the implant stability quotient in monitoring progressive peri‐implant bone loss: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: Monje Alberto , Insua Angel , Monje Florencio , Muñoz Fernando , Salvi Giovanni E. , Buser Daniel , Chappuis Vivianne 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the impact of progressive bone loss in an experimental peri‐implantitis model in the dog upon the implant stability quotient (ISQ) measured in the course of induced and spontaneous conditions of disease, and to evaluate the association between the clinical parameters and ISQ.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐two implants were placed in 12 Beagle dogs. Of these, 36 implants in six dogs were assessed during ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis (three timepoints) and at one timepoint following a period of spontaneous progression. The ISQ was recorded using resonance frequency analysis (RFA). Furthermore, the clinical peri‐implant parameters were registered at four sites per implant at each timepoint. Marginal bone loss (MBL) was determined using computed tomography at four sites per implant and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) was assessed from histological samples. A linear regression model was estimated by generalized estimation equations (GEEs) in order to study the MBL‐ISQ values at each measurement timepoint. Pearson's correlation test was applied.ResultsNone of the implants failed during the study period. At implant level, a strong negative correlation was found for all timepoints between ISQ and MBL (r = −0.58; p < 0.001). Accordingly, as follow‐up progressed, lower ISQ and higher MBL values were observed. A prediction of MBL depending on the ISQ values and timepoints showed a decrease in one ISQ unit to be related to ~1 mm of MBL. Likewise, a statistically significant correlation was found between BIC and ISQ evaluated after spontaneous chronification of peri‐implantitis (r = 0.34; p = 0.04). Nevertheless, the ISQ values failed to correlate to any of the clinical parameters recorded.ConclusionResonance frequency analysis seems accurate in diagnosing progressive bone loss, as a statistically significant decrease in ISQ was recorded in the course of peri‐implant disease. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of this observation as a diagnostic tool is debatable, since implant stability remains high.
Venous thrombosis in unusual sites: A practical review for the hematologist
Authors: Shatzel Joseph J. , O'Donnell Matthew , Olson Sven R. , Kearney Matthew R. , Daughety Molly M. , Hum Justine , Nguyen Khanh P. , DeLoughery Thomas G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThrombosis of unusual venous sites encompasses a large part of consultative hematology and is encountered routinely by practicing hematologists. Contrary to the more commonly encountered lower extremity venous thrombosis and common cardiovascular disorders, the various thromboses outlined in this review have unique presentations, pathophysiology, workup, and treatments that all hematologists should be aware of. This review attempts to outline the most up to date literature on cerebral, retinal, upper extremity, hepatic, portal, splenic, mesenteric, and renal vein thrombosis, focusing on the incidence, pathophysiology, provoking factors, and current recommended treatments for each type of unusual thrombosis to provide a useful and practical review for the hematologist.
Failure loads of all‐ceramic cantilever fixed dental prostheses on post‐restored abutment teeth: influence of the post presence and post position
Authors: Sterzenbach Guido , Rosentritt Martin , Meyer‐Lueckel Hendrik , Bitter Kerstin , Naumann Michael 
Published: October 2018

The influence of a fiber post‐restored abutment tooth on the load capability of a three‐unit zirconia framework cantilever fixed dental prosthesis (cFDP) was evaluated after simulated clinical function. Human lower sound premolars (n = 64) were distributed, in equal numbers, to four experimental groups: two vital abutment teeth (group I; control); mesial abutment tooth post‐restored (group II); distal abutment tooth post‐restored (group III); and mesial and distal abutment teeth post‐restored (group IV). All specimens received an adhesively luted three‐unit cFDP of veneered zirconia. Simulated clinical function was performed by two subsequent sequences of thermal‐cycling (2 × 3,000 cycles) and mechanical loading (1.2 × 106 load cycles from 0 to 50 N) (TCML). Four specimens failed during TCML (one in each of groups I and IV and two in group II). The maximum load capability ranged from 365 to 538 N and was not significantly different between groups. Specimens with post‐restored abutments failed mainly because of abutment tooth fracture of the distal abutment. The presence or position of post‐restored abutment teeth has no significant impact on load capability of all‐ceramic three‐unit cFDPs. The risk of tooth fracture of the distal abutment teeth of a cFDP was significantly increased when one abutment tooth, irrespective of its position, was post‐and‐core restored.
Global projections of future cropland expansion to 2050 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon storage
Authors: Molotoks Amy , Stehfest Elke , Doelman Jonathan , Albanito Fabrizio , Fitton Nuala , Dawson Terence P. , Smith Pete 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCropland expansion threatens biodiversity by driving habitat loss and impacts carbon storage through loss of biomass and soil carbon (C). There is a growing concern land‐use change (LUC) to cropland will result in a loss of ecosystem function and various ecosystem services essential for human health and well‐being. This paper examines projections of future cropland expansion from an integrated assessment model IMAGE 3.0 under a “business as usual” scenario and the direct impact on both biodiversity and C storage. By focusing on biodiversity hotspots and Alliance for Zero Extinction (AZE) sites, loss of habitat as well as potential impacts on endangered and critically endangered species are explored. With regards to C storage, the impact on both soil and vegetation standing C stocks are examined. We show that if projected trends are realized, there are likely to be severe consequences for these resources. Substantial loss of habitat in biodiversity hotspots such as Indo‐Burma, and the Philippians is expected as well as 50% of species in AZE sites losing part of their last remaining habitat. An estimated 13.7% of vegetation standing C stocks and 4.6% of soil C stocks are also projected to be lost in areas affected with Brazil and Mexico being identified as priorities in terms of both biodiversity and C losses from cropland expansion. Changes in policy to regulate projected cropland expansion, and increased measures to protect natural resources, are highly likely to be required to prevent these biodiversity and C losses in the future.
Innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3): Past, present and future research
Authors: Lopes João , Ferreira João J. , Farinha Luís 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe recent change in the regional development strategy of the European Union (EU) results in an important need to study the terms of change and their respective implications. This study seeks, through a bibliometric analysis, to ascertain the developments taking place in studies on research and innovation strategies for smart specialisation (RIS3) to identify shortcomings and opportunities for future research. This bibliometric review drew upon the Scopus database with the sample selected containing all the articles containing the keywords “Research and Innovation Strategies for Smart Specialisation” or “RIS3.” This correspondingly reports how some authors maintain that the path the EU should take involves imitative innovation. Meanwhile, others propose that each region should specialise in those industries that are already established there and thus avoid targeting any areas they do not already know/specialise in. Our findings detail six clusters in RIS3 research, which help in contextualising the literature review: (a) business discovery; (b) smart specialisation; (c) innovation; (d) specialisation; (e) regional policies; and (f) regional development. This study furthermore sets out perspectives for future lines of research and correspondingly seeks to convey a vast theoretical basis that may serve as the point of departure for future studies.
Diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography used for assessment of apical periodontitis: an ex vivo histopathological study on human cadavers
Authors: Kruse C. , Spin‐Neto R. , Evar Kraft D. C. , Væth M. , Kirkevang L.‐L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo assess the diagnostic accuracy of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) to diagnose apical periodontitis (AP) using histopathology of ex vivo human jaws as the reference standard.MethodologyBased on periapical radiographs of jaw specimens from human bodies donated for science, a sample of 223 teeth with 340 roots including all tooth groups, and different disease and treatment statuses was selected. Cone Beam Computed Tomography was performed using Cranex® 3Dx (Soredex Oy, Tuusula, Finland), small field‐of‐view (5 × 5 cm), and isotropic resolution 0.085 mm. Three observers assessed the presence of AP using a probability index. Histopathological examination of the periapical area was used as a reference standard to calculate estimates of diagnostic accuracy.ResultsFor non‐root filled teeth all estimates of diagnostic accuracy; sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were high. All estimates were lower for root filled teeth. When mild AP was classified as ‘AP’, SENS, SPEC and NPV were significantly lower in root filled roots (P < 0.001 in all cases). The same tendency was seen when mild AP was classified as ‘No AP’ but here only the difference in SPEC was significant (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe diagnostic accuracy of CBCT used for diagnosis of AP is dependent on the treatment status of the tooth. For non‐root filled teeth the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT is high and almost all cases of AP can be diagnosed correctly with only a very small risk of over‐diagnosis. All diagnostic accuracy parameters were lower for root filled roots, hence the diagnosis of AP on root filled roots using CBCT was less accurate.
Quality assessment of packaged fried foods during storage based on oven storage test
Authors: Li Chunhua , Zhang Jianxin , Li Zhonghong , Yu Xiuzhu 
Published: October 2018

SummaryPackaged fried foods have been appreciated worldwide, so monitoring quality deterioration during storage is very crucial. Twelve types of commercial packaged fried foods were selected to determine quality parameters such as moisture content (MC), hardness (HN), acid value (AV), peroxide value (PV), carbonyl value (CV), dielectric constant (DC), fatty acid compositions (FAC) and acrylamide (AA) every 3 days by Schaal oven tests. MC and HN showed a linear relationship with high correlation coefficient (R ≥ 0.821). PV increased from 2.65–8.51 meq/kg to 5.97–59.90 meq/kg. DC was highly correlated with MC, HN, PV, CV and AV (p ≤ 0.05). The content of unsaturated fatty acids slightly decreased, whereas that of saturated fatty acids marginally increased. AA content increased slightly during storage and varied from 43.07 to 226.82 μg/kg. These results revealed that DC can be used as an evaluation index of the quality deterioration of packaged fried foods during storage.