bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
California net energy system for Bos taurus indicus
Authors: Chizzotti Mario Luiz , Valadares Filho Sebastião de Campos , Del Bianco Benedeti Pedro , Silva Flávia Adriane de Sales 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe California net energy system (CNES) was the reference for the development of most energy requirement systems worldwide, such as Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (NASEM, Nutrient requirements of beef cattle, 8th Revised ed, 2016) and Brazilian Nutrient Requirements of Zebu and Crossbred Cattle (Valadares Filho, S. C., L. F. C. Silva, M. P. Gionbelli, P. P. Rotta, M. I. Marcondes, M. L. Chizzotti, and L. F. Prados, BR-CORTE: nutrient requirements of zebu and crossbred cattle, 3rd ed, 2016). This review aimed to compare methods used by NASEM and BR-CORTE to estimate the energy requirements for beef cattle. The net energy requirements for maintenance (NEm) of BR-CORTE is based on empty body weight (EBW), whereas NASEM uses shrunk body weight (SBW), but the Bos taurus indicus presents 10% to 8% lower NEm than Bos taurus taurus. We have compared animals with different EBW and SBW but with same equivalent empty body weight/standard reference weight ratio (0.75), as both systems have suggested different mature weights. Both systems predicted similar net energy requirements for gain (NEg) for animals with 1.8 kg of daily gain. However, estimated empty body gain was lower for NASEM estimations when the same metabolizable energy for gain is available. For pregnancy and lactation of beef cows, the NEm and net energy requirements for pregnancy (NEp) of a Zebu cow estimated by BR-CORTE were lower than the values estimated by NASEM. Furthermore, the magnitude of differences between these systems regarding NEp increased as pregnancy days increase. The NASEM and BR-CORTE systems have presented similar values for energy requirement for lactation (0.72 and 0.75 Mcal/kg milk, respectively).
Unveiling the relationships between diet composition and fermentation parameters response in dual-flow continuous culture system: a meta-analytical approach
Authors: Brandao Virginia L N , Faciola Antonio P 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the functional form of the relationship between diet composition (dietary crude protein [CP] and neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) and amount of substrate (fermenter dry matter intake [DMI]) with microbial fermentation end products in a dual-flow continuous culture system. A meta-analysis was performed using data from 75 studies. To derive the linear models, the MIXED procedure was used, and for nonlinear models, the NLMIXED procedure was used. Significance levels to fit the model assumed for fixed and random effects were P ≤ 0.05. Independent variables were dietary NDF, CP, and fermenter DMI, whereas dependent variables were total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration; molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate; true ruminal digestibilities of organic matter (OM), CP, and NDF; ammonia nitrogen (NH3–N) concentration and flows of NH3–N; non-ammonia nitrogen; bacterial-N; dietary-N; and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (EMPS). Ruminal digestibilities of OM, NDF, and CP decreased as fermenter DMI increased (P &lt; 0.04). Dietary NDF and CP digestibilities were quadratically associated (P &lt; 0.01). Total VFA linearly increased as DMI increased (P &lt; 0.01), exponentially decreased as dietary NDF increased (P &lt; 0.01), and was quadratically associated with dietary CP (P &lt; 0.01), in which total VFA concentration was maximized at 18% dietary CP. Molar proportion of acetate exponentially increased (P &lt; 0.01) as dietary NDF increased. Molar proportion of propionate linearly increased and exponentially decreased as DMI and dietary NDF increased, respectively (P &lt; 0.01). Bacterial-N quadratically increased and dietary-N exponentially increased as DMI increased (P &lt; 0.01). Flows of bacterial-N and dietary-N linearly decreased as dietary NDF increased (P &lt; 0.02), and dietary-N flow was maximized at 18% CP. The EMPS linearly increased as dietary CP increased (P &lt; 0.02) and was not affected by DMI or dietary NDF (P &gt; 0.05). In summary, increasing fermenter DMI increased total VFA concentration and molar proportion of propionate, whereas, dietary NDF increased the molar proportion of acetate. Dietary CP increased bacterial-N flow and was positively associated with NH3–N concentration. Overall, the analysis of this dataset demonstrates evidences that the dual-flow continuous culture system provides valuable estimates of ruminal digestibility, VFA concentration, and nitrogen metabolism.
Mathematical absurdities in the California net energy system
Authors: Old Carl A , Lean Ian J , Rossow Heidi A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNet energy systems, such as the California Net Energy System (CNES), are useful for prediction of input:output relationships not because of fidelity to the laws of thermodynamics, but because they were designed to predict well. Unless model descriptions of input:output relationships are consistent with the laws of thermodynamics, conclusions regarding those relationships may be incorrect. Heat energy (HE) + recovered energy (RE) = ME intake (MEI) is basic to descriptions of energy utilization found in the CNES and is consistent with the laws of thermodynamics; it may be the only relationship described in the CNES consistent with the first law of thermodynamics. In the CNES, efficiencies of ME utilization for maintenance (km) and gain (kg) were estimated using ordinary least squares (OLS) equations. Efficiencies thus estimated using static linear models are often inconsistent with the biochemistry of processes underlying maintenance and gain. Reactions in support of oxidative mitochondrial metabolism are thermodynamically favorable and irreversible; these reactions yield ATP, or other high-energy phosphate bonds, used for what is generally termed maintenance. Synthesis of biomass (gain) is less thermodynamically favorable; reactions do not proceed unless coupled with hydrolysis of high-energy phosphate bonds and lie closer to equilibrium than those in support of oxidative mitochondrial metabolism. The opposite is described in the CNES (km &gt; kg) due to failure of partitioning of HE; insufficient HE is accounted for in maintenance. Efficiencies of ME utilization (km and kg) as described in the CNES are variable. Further neither km nor kg are uniformly monotonic f (ME, Mcal/kg); for ME (Mcal/kg) &lt;0.512 or &gt;4.26, km are inconsistent with thermodynamically allowed values for efficiencies (&gt;1.0); kg are a monotonically positive f (ME) concentration (Mcal/kg) for ME &lt;3.27 Mcal/kg. For ME &lt;1.42 Mcal/kg, kg are not in the range of thermodynamically allowed values for efficiencies (0 to 1.0). Variable efficiencies of ME utilization require that the first law may not be observed in all cases. The CNES is an excellent empirical tool for prediction of input:output relationship, but many CNES parameter estimates evaluated in this study lack consistency with biology and the laws of thermodynamics.
What Is the Optimal Exercise Prescription for Patients With Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Cardiac Rehabilitation? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Seo Yong Gon , Jang Mi Ja , Lee Ga Yeon , Jeon Eun Seok , Park Won Hah , Sung Ji Dong 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is 1 of the major causes of advanced heart failure. However, relatively little is known about the effects of exercise specifically in patients with DCM. This purpose of this literature review was to identify optimal exercise training programming for patients with DCM.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted by 3 clinical specialists and the level of evidence of each study was rated using Sackett's levels of evidence. Multiple databases (PubMed Central, EMBASE, and EBSCO) were searched with the inclusion criteria of articles published in English.

Results:
A total of 4544 studies were identified using the search strategy, of which 4 were included in our systematic review. The exercise frequency of the reviewed studies ranged from 3 to 5 times/wk, and exercise intensity was prescribed within a range from 50% to 80% of oxygen uptake reserve. Exercise time was as high as 45 min by the final month of the exercise prescription. Exercise type was mainly aerobic exercise and resistance training. The average improvement of exercise capacity was 19.5% in reviewed articles. Quality of life also improved after intervention.

Conclusions:
According to this systematic review of the literature, data related to exercise therapy specifically for patients with DCM are scarce and exercise interventions in articles reviewed were prescribed differently using the FITT (frequency, intensity, time, and type) principle. Exercise intensity tailored to individual exercise capacity should be used for optimal exercise prescriptions that are safe and efficacious in patients with DCM.
Home-Based Pulmonary Rehabilitation for Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Yuen Hon K. , Lowman John D. , Oster Robert A. , de Andrade Joao A. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To evaluate the adherence and effectiveness of a home-based exergame program for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Method:
Patients with IPF were randomly assigned to a relatively unsupervised Wii Fit exergame intervention group or Wii video game control group (with no active whole-body movement involved). Participants in both groups were instructed to play their respective games 30 min/d, 3 d/wk for 12 wk. In addition, they were asked to perform their usual exercise/physical activities. Outcome measures were 6-min walk distance (6MWD), exercise-related dyspnea, and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ).

Results:
The 20 participants differed significantly between intervention and control groups in baseline characteristics (forced vital capacity = 2.0 ± 0.5 vs 3.1 ± 0.7 L; forced expiratory volume in 1 sec = 1.7 ± 0.4 vs 2.5 ± 0.6 L, respectively). Participant adherence rate to the exergame program was very low (20%). There was no significant improvement in the outcome measures in either group. In fact, both the intervention and control groups had a deterioration in 6MWD (−22 ± 56 m vs −60 ± 111 m), respectively and SGRQ scores (3 ± 9 vs 1 ± 11), respectively.

Conclusions:
The home-based exergame intervention for patients with IPF did not show improvement in functional performance, dyspnea, or health-related quality of life at the completion of the 12-wk program in our 2 heterogeneous groups. In addition to the low adherence rate, insufficient frequencies and durations of exergaming may contribute to the lack of improvement. A lack of effectiveness of home-based pulmonary rehabilitation using exergaming for patients with IPF appears consistent with prior observational studies that used more traditional modes of home-based exercise.
Effectiveness of Early Rehabilitation for Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Suzuki Shoya , Momosaki Ryo , Watanabe Tomomi , Abo Masahiro 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
This study sought to investigate the impact of early rehabilitation on activities of daily living in patients with acute heart failure.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study utilized a hospital-based database created by the Japan Medical Data Center and contained Diagnosis Procedure Combination survey data from more than 100 participating acute care hospitals across Japan. Data were extracted on consecutive inpatients hospitalized because of acute heart failure from 2014 to 2017. The characteristics and outcomes between patients who underwent early rehabilitation (early rehabilitation group) were compared with those who did not undergo rehabilitation (no rehabilitation group). The primary outcome measure was Barthel Index decline.

Results:
After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 8351 eligible patients with acute heart failure were included in this study. Significantly more Barthel Index decline (18.7% vs 12.4%, P < .001) was seen in patients in the no rehabilitation group than in those in the early rehabilitation group. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that early rehabilitation was negatively associated with Barthel Index decline after adjustment (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.46-0.67).

Conclusion:
This study showed that early rehabilitation could possibly be a feasible alternative for maintenance of the Barthel Index in patients with acute heart failure.
CHARACTERIZING RETINAL–CHOROIDAL ANASTOMOSIS IN MACULAR TELANGIECTASIA TYPE 2 WITH OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Breazzano Mark P. , Yannuzzi Lawrence A. , Spaide Richard F. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To characterize structural and angiographic findings in macular telangiectasia Type 2 (MacTel 2) and examine associations with visual acuity.

Methods:
MacTel 2 patients with complete ophthalmologic examination, including fundus photography, autofluorescence, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and projection-resolved optical coherence tomography angiography, were retrospectively evaluated.

Results:
There were 43 eyes of 22 patients with a mean age 63.9 (±10.3) years. Six patients had diabetes. Twenty-one eyes (48.8%) had retinal–choroidal anastomoses (RCAs) without any evidence of neovascularization extending laterally in a plane above or below the retinal pigment epithelium. None of the eyes had hemorrhage, lipid, or signs of subretinal exudation. When present, an average of 55 (±33.7) individual RCAs were clustered primarily in temporal juxtafoveal region of involved eyes. Right-angle veins were seen in all 21 eyes with RCAs, and hyperpigmentation was present in 18 (P < 0.001 for both). A conical collection of hyperreflective material spanning from Bruch membrane past external limiting membrane of ≥200-μm basal diameter was found in 21 eyes and labeled outer retinal hyperreflective lesion. Retinal–choroidal anastomoses occurred in clusters, often within the outer retinal hyperreflective lesion. This lesion colocalized with focal thinning of the outer nuclear layer and was surrounded by a larger defect in the ellipsoid zone. The presence of diabetes (P = 0.015), outer retinal hyperreflective lesion (P = 0.006), RCA (P = 0.005), and ellipsoid zone defect extent (P < 0.001) were associated with decreased visual acuity.

Conclusion:
Retinal–choroidal anastomoses occur in eyes with MacTel 2 without signs of exudation. Retinal–choroidal anastomoses occur in numerous clusters particularly in the temporal juxtafoveal macula. Diabetes, ellipsoid zone defect extent, RCAs, and the outer retinal hyperreflective lesion predict poorer vision in MacTel 2.
CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION AND CHORIORETINAL ATROPHY IN A PATIENT WITH MELANOMA-ASSOCIATED RETINOPATHY AFTER IPILIMUMAB/NIVOLUMAB COMBINATION THERAPY
Authors: Elwood Kevin F. , Pulido Jose S. , Ghafoori Shelley Day , Harper C. Armitage , Wong Robert W. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To describe a case of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and chorioretinal scarring in a patient with melanoma-associated retinopathy after ipilimumab/nivolumab combination immune therapy for malignant melanoma.

Methods:
Retrospective case report with fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and electroretinography.

Results:
A 65-year-old woman presented with symptoms of photopsia and visual field loss. She had previously undergone ipilimumab/nivolumab combination chemotherapy treatment for malignant melanoma 14 months earlier coinciding with the onset of her visual symptoms. Fundus photography showed bilateral atrophic chorioretinal lesions and peripheral retinal pigment epithelial changes. Fluorescein angiography revealed retinovascular leakage in both eyes with CNV in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography showed a pigment epithelial detachment with subretinal fluid and subretinal hyperreflective material consistent with occult CNV. Visual field testing showed generalized visual field loss in both eyes. Bloodwork discovered an elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme. Electroretinography revealed abnormal peripheral rod and cone function with impairment of the photoreceptor and inner nuclear layer. Serum Western blot was positive for 60 kDa antiretinal autoantibody. After a single bevacizumab injection in the right eye, CNV resolved and visual acuity improved from 20/50 before the injection to 20/25 3 months after the injection. Visual acuity in the left eye deteriorated for months to counting fingers but then improved to 20/100 on follow-up examinations.

Conclusion:
Ipilimumab and nivolumab have been associated with immune-related ocular adverse effects. We report a case of combination therapy presenting with chorioretinal scarring and subsequent CNV in a patient with melanoma-associated retinopathy, a rare yet important adverse effect.
MACULAR ADD-ON INTRAOCULAR LENS SUCCESSFULLY RESTORES READING VISION IN EYES WITH END-STAGE DIABETIC MACULAR DISEASE
Authors: Chantarasorn Yodpong , Kim Esther L. , Thabsuwan Kittipong 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To report the outcomes of macular add-on intraocular lens implantation in improving reading vision in patients with bilateral advanced diabetic maculopathy.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, a supplementary bifocal sulcus intraocular lens (Scharioth Macular Lens) was implanted in the better-seeing eye of five patients. Baseline-corrected distance vision, corrected near visual acuity, a preoperative simulation test, and multimodal imaging were collected. The primary outcome was the uncorrected near visual acuity at a working distance of 15 cm, at a 12-month follow-up.

Results:
Study patients included 3 cases of refractory subfoveal exudation and 2 cases of diabetic macular ischemia. A preoperative test to assess the potential gain in near vision showed an improvement of ≥2 paragraphs on the RADNER reading chart in all patients. At 12 months, median reading vision (corrected near visual acuity at 15 cm) significantly improved from 20/125 (range 20/50–20/200) preoperatively to uncorrected near visual acuity (at 15 cm) of 20/50 (range 20/40–20/80) (P = 0.042; Wilcoxon signed-ranks test). Distance vision remained unchanged in four patients. All patients were able to achieve the size of newsprint (20/50 Snellen equivalent), within the first 3 months.

Conclusion:
The macular add-on intraocular lens improves reading vision in visually impaired patients due to end-stage diabetic macular disease.
Gait differences in patients with multiple sclerosis who have low and high levels of disability
Authors: Fraser John J. , Stephenson Jeannie B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundMultiple Sclerosis (MS) often results in gait impairment and disability.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in spatiotemporal gait characteristics of people with MS who have low versus high levels of disability. Between trial and inter-limb consistency and the association of gait variables with level of disability were also investigated.MethodsParticipants with MS who had either low-disability [n=7; 3 females; EDSS mean: 2.7±0.5, range 2.0-4.5; BMI=26.9±6.6] or high-disability [n=11; 6 females; EDSS mean: 2.7±0.5, range 6.0-6.5; BMI=27.8±1.5) performed 2 trials of self-selected walking on an instrumented walkway. Differences in group, limb, and group by limb interactions were assessed using analysis of variance, independent-measures t-tests, and Cohen’s d effect sizes (ES). Between-trial consistency of gait were assessed with intra-class correlation coefficients (2, k).ResultsParticipants in the high disability group had increased step time (ES=0.8), cycle time (ES=0.8), and ambulation time (ES=1.2) while taking shorter strides (ES=0.9) and more steps at a slower rate (ES=1.1). The high disability group demonstrated less between-trial consistency for 69% of gait variables when compared to the low disability group.ConclusionPeople with MS who have high levels of disability walk differently and with less consistency than those with lower levels of disability.
The plakin domain ofC. elegansVAB-10/plectin acts as a hub in a mechanotransduction pathway to promote morphogenesis
Authors: Suman Shashi Kumar , Daday Csaba , Ferraro Teresa , Vuong-Brender Thanh , Tak Saurabh , Quintin Sophie , Robin François , Gräter Frauke , Labouesse Michel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMechanical forces control many cellular processes by eliciting a mechanotransduction response in target cells. The initial steps of mechanotransduction at hemidesmosomes remain undefined in contrast to focal adhesions and adherens junctions. Here, we focus on theC. elegansplectin homolog VAB-10A, the only evolutionary conserved hemidesmosome component. InC. elegans, muscle contractions induce a mechanotransduction pathway in the epidermis through hemidesmosomes. We used CRISPR to precisely remove spectrin repeats (SR) or a partially hidden Src-homology-3 (SH3) domain within the VAB-10 plakin domain. Deleting the SH3 or SR8 domains in combination with mutations affecting mechanotransduction, or just part of SR5 shielding the SH3 domain induced embryonic elongation arrest because hemidesmosomes collapse. Notably, recruitment of GIT-1, the first mechanotransduction player, requires the SR5 domain and the hemidesmosome transmembrane receptor LET-805. Furthermore, Molecular Dynamics simulations confirmed that forces acting on VAB-10 can render the central SH3 domain, otherwise in contact with SR4, available for interaction. Collectively, our data strongly argue that the plakin domain plays a central role in mechanotransduction and raise the possibility that VAB-10/plectin might act as a mechanosensor.Summary statementCRISPR-derived deletions reveal the roles of three spectrin repeats and an atypical SH3 domain from the plakin domain of the VAB-10 hemidesmosome component in mechanotransduction duringC. elegansmorphogenesis
A simple graphical method to pinpoint local pseudosymmetries inZ′ > 1 cases
Authors: Baggio Ricardo 
Published: June 2019

An intuitive method is presented for detecting pseudosymmetries inZ′ > 1 cases as a complement to well-proven strategies already available in the literature. It is based in the simple idea that the mid-points between equivalent atoms in symmetrically related molecules are disposed according to simple well-known patterns, which are easily recognizable by optical inspection. A number ofZ′ = 4 cases in the literature are analyzed, which allows some of the potentialities of the method to be revealed.