bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in the Discovery of Novel Peptide Inhibitors Targeting 26S Proteasome
Authors: Gu Xinjie , Ma Shutao 
Published: August 2018

Background:
The 26S proteasome is a proteolytic complex of multimeric protease, which operates at
the executive end of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS) and degrades the polyubiquitylated proteins.

Methods:
After a brief introduction of 26S proteasome and Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), this review
focuses on the structure and function of the 26S proteasome in intracellular protein level regulation. Then,
physiological regulation mechanisms and processes are elaborated. In addition, the advantages and defects of
approved 26S proteasome inhibitors were discussed. Finally, we summarized the novel peptide 26S proteasome
inhibitors according to their structural classifications, highlighting their design strategies, inhibitory activity and
Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs).

Results:
Cellular function maintenance relies on the proteasome metabolizing intracellular proteins to control
intracellular protein levels, which is especially important for cancer cells to survive and proliferate. In primary
tumors, proteasomes had a higher level and more potent activity. Currently, the approved small peptide inhibitors
have proved their specific 26S proteasome inhibitory effects and considerable antitumor activities, but with
obvious defects. Increasingly, novel peptide inhibitors are emerging and possess promising values in cancer
therapy.

Conclusion:
Overall, the 26S proteasome is an efficient therapeutic target and novel 26S proteasome inhibitors
hold potency for cancer therapy.
Vigilance States: Central Neural Pathways, Neurotransmitters and Neurohormones
Authors: Iovino Michele , Messana Tullio , De Pergola Giovanni , Iovino Emanuela , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Giagulli Vito Angelo , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: August 2018

Background and Objective: The sleep-wake cycle is characterized by a circadian rhythm involving neurotransmitters and neurohormones that are released from brainstem nuclei and hypothalamus. The aim of this review is to analyze the role played by central neural pathways, neurotransmitters and neurohormones in the regulation of vigilance states.Method:We analyzed the literature identifying relevant articles dealing with central neural pathways, neurotransmitters and neurohormones involved in the control of wakefulness and sleep.Results:The reticular activating system is the key center in the control of the states of wakefulness and sleep via alertness and hypnogenic centers. Neurotransmitters and neurohormones interplay during the dark-light cycle in order to maintain a normal plasmatic concentration of ions, proteins and peripheral hormones, and behavioral state control.Conclusion:An updated description of pathways, neurotransmitters and neurohormones involved in the regulation of vigilance states has been depicted.
Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant and Virulence Determinants in Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chavadi Manjunath , Narasanna Rahul , Chavan Ashajyothi , Oli Ajay Kumar , Kelmani. R Chandrakanth 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the major threat that is a result of the uncontrolled use of antibiotics causing a huge loss in health, so understanding their prevalence is necessary as a public health measure.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant MRSA and virulence determinant among associated S. aureus from the clinical samples obtained from various hospital and health care centers of the Gulbarga region in India.

Materials and Methods:
All the collected samples were subjected for the screening of S. aureus and were further characterized by conventional and molecular methods including their antibiotic profiling. Further, the response of methicillin antibiotic on cell morphology was studied using scanning electron microscopy.

Results:
A total 126 S. aureus was isolated from the clinical samples which showed, 100% resistant to penicillin, 55.5% to oxacillin, 75.3% to ampicillin, 70.6% to streptomycin, 66.6% to gentamicin, 8.7% to vancomycin and 6.3% to teicoplanin. The selected MRSA strains were found to possess mecA (gene coding for penicillin-binding protein 2A) and femA (factor essential for methicillin resistance) genetic determinants in their genome with virulence determinants such as Coagulase (coa) and the X region of the protein A (spa) gene. Further, the methicillin response in resistant S. aureus showed to be enlarged and malformed on cell morphology.

Conclusion:
The molecular typing of clinical isolates of S. aureus in this study was highly virulent and also resistant to methicillin; this will assist health professionals to control, exploration of alternative medicines and new approaches to combat Staphylococcal infections more efficiently by using targeted therapy.
Functional Exploration Of T-Type Calcium Channels (Cav3.2 And Cav3.3) And Their Sensitivity To Zinc
Authors: Hazzaz Abouamal Tahar , Choukairi Zineb , Taoufiq Fechtali 
Published: August 2018

Introduction:
T-type Ca2+ channels (TTCC) are low Voltage-gated calcium channels, expressed in various tissues such as the brain and heart, and contribute to a variety of physiological functions including neuronal excitability, hormone secretion, muscle contraction, and pacemaker activity. At high concentrations, Zinc (Zn2+) is naturally attached to cell membranes and is therefore considered a reversible inhibitor of calcium. Zinc is also involved in the kinetics of sodium and potassium currents. Zinc is essential for many functions. A low zinc tenor is associated with emotional instability, digestive disorders, slow-growing and alteration of protein synthesis.

Material and Methods:
For the Cell Culture we used HEK-293/tsA-201, and for transfection, the pCDNA3 plasmid constructs encoding human CaV3.2, and CaV3.3 subunits. Electrophysiological experiments were performed using the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique. T-type currents were recorded using a test pulse from a holding potential at (-100mV) to (-30 mV), data Acquisition and Analysis for Current-voltage relationships (I-V curves) were recorded for the two cloned T-type Ca2+ channels (Cav3.2, Cav3.3).

Results:
Our studies describe the behavior of these channels Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 and also their current sensitivity to Zinc (Zn2+) in transfected HEK-293/tsA-201cells. Our results show that Zn2+ applies a modulatory effect on T-type calcium channels. We observe that Zn2+ differentially modulates the CaV3.2 and CaV3.3 channels. Zn2+ preferably inhibits Cav3.2.

Conclusion:
We have demonstrated that Zn2+ differentially modulates two CaV3 channels (Cav3.2 and Cav3.3): It is a preferential blocker of CaV3.2 channels and it alters the gating behaviour of CaV3.3 channels.
Cross-Cultural Ecosystem Services: How Taiwanese and Amis live with rivers?
Authors: Chang Shenglin Elijah 
Published: August 2018

Cultural ecosystem service has been a raising field since 2010. While interdisciplinary research teams investigate cultural ecosystem services via humanity lenses, most CES studies focus on mono-cultural settings. The study compares the Taiwanese Han-culture waterfront recreational patterns to the Ames tribal aqua-cultural habitat patterns. It suggests the community participatory mechanisms for re-vision the Danshui River ecosystems. It argues that the river ecosystem could support cross-cultural lifestyles for Ames tribes if the government officials and design-planning professions could alter their approaches of waterfront planning, design, and governance. The research sheds the light on multi-cultural environments in our global world.
ANTIINFLAMMATION ACTIVITY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MARBOSI-BOSI LEAVES (Tarenna polycarpa (Miq.) Koord.Ex Valeton) ON WHITE RAT IN CARRAGEENAN INDUCED PAW INFLAMMATION
Authors: Munandarnst Haris , N Marline 
Published: August 2018

Traditionally, (Tarenna polycarpa (Miq.) Koord Ex Valeton as known as marbosi-bosi which commonly found in Sibolga, North Sumatera, Indonesia has been used as antidiabetes, cholesterol, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. Tarenna species has been found its activities as antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti inflammatory effect ethanol extract of marbosi-bosi leaves (Tarenna polycarpa (Miq.) Koord Ex Valeton in terms of decreased edema volume of male white rat in 1% carrageenan-induced and also to determine the effective dose of extract to decrease the volume of rat paw edema Ethanol extract of marbosi-bosi (Tarenna polycarpa (Miq.) Koord Ex Valeton was obtained by maceration. The antiinflammatory activity test was divided into 5 groups. The Group I (negative control) was given CMC 0.5%, Group II (positive control) was given diclofenac sodium 2,25 mg / kg BW, while Group III, IV and V were given marbosi-bosi leaf extract at a dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kgBW respectively. Each rat was induced by 1% carrageenan subplantar injection. Examination of antiinflammatory effect was measured by using digital plethysmometer at minute of 30 to minute of 360. The data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA (analysis of variance).The results showed that negative control did not show anti-inflammatory effect had significant differences with other treatment groups. In conclusion, ethanol extract marbosi-bosi (Tarenna polycarpa (Miq.) Koord Ex Valeton has an effective anti-inflammatory activity at a dose of 100 mg / kgBW.
TDABC: Lessons from an Application in Healthcare
Authors: Balakrishnan Ramji , Koehler Daniel M. , Shah Apurva S. 
Published: August 2018

SYNOPSIS
We estimate the costs of two substitutable medical procedures in a hospital as reported by a conventional two-stage system and from using TDABC concepts. Comparisons yield insights into the data needs for both systems, and practical issues that arise when implementing TDABC in an organization with a complex cost structure. As “lessons learned,” we list four insights relating to simplifying the data needs of a TDABC system. We also discuss how features of the traditional system influence the differences in the cost estimates from the two approaches. Based on our experience, we offer suggestions on how organizations might be able reap many of the benefits associated with TDABC without an overhaul of the entire costing system.
JEL Classifications: M41; I19.
Data Availability: Data are proprietary to the research site and are not publicly available.
Financial Statement Footnote Readability and Corporate Audit Outcomes
Authors: Abernathy John L. , Guo Feng , Kubick Thomas R. , Masli Adi 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY
We examine whether the readability of financial statement footnotes in the annual report is informative about audit engagement risk. Using various readability measures, we predict and find that firms with less readable footnotes have longer audit report lag, incur higher audit fees, and are more likely to receive a first time modified going concern opinion. We also show that readability of footnotes is associated with a higher likelihood of financial misstatements and future accounting-related litigation. Our results are robust to several measures of readability used in prior literature, as well as different specifications and design choices, revealing that financial statement footnote readability provides incremental information about audit engagement risk that affects auditor-client contracting.
Data Availability: Data are obtained from public sources identified in the paper.
Facilitating Citizens' Voice and Process Reengineering Using a Cloud-Based Mobile App
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
Recently, the City of Boston implemented a mobile, cloud-based app. Originally called “Citizens Connect,” but now called “Bos:311,” the app allows citizens to report issues related to the city's infrastructure, e.g., graffiti. Rich information in the form of pictures and descriptions provided from mobile devices, along with GPS location information, facilitates crowdsourcing monitoring of the city's infrastructure. This app provides “straight through” processing of citizen requests, reengineering the processes of monitoring and fixing city infrastructure. As a result, operations and management accounting information can be more accurate and used in real time. In addition, the cloud-based capture of information from multiple cities allows comparisons and benchmarking of critical information that likely would not be possible in other settings, while allowing economic system use by large numbers of users. This paper investigates a number of hypotheses about the use of the mobile app generated from both Hirschman's and Hammer's theories.
Using Sociological Theories and Concepts in Accounting Information Systems Research: A Framework for Team Research
Authors: Weisner Martin M. 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT
This article presents a selection of sociological theories and concepts with potential for application by researchers interested in audit firm teams consisting of, or including, IT specialists and the technologies supporting those teams. A framework structured around intragroup collaboration, intergroup collaboration, and team control is presented, along with a series of research questions that link sociological perspectives with accounting research. The study is motivated by calls for expansion of theoretical perspectives through which accounting research can be approached, and aims to assist researchers in addressing the scarcity of sociologically informed inquiry in the domain of group processes, team dynamics, and related team management concerns.
Increased Risk of Rehospitalization for Acute Diabetes Complications and Suicide Attempts in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes and Comorbid Schizophrenia
Authors: Goueslard Karine , Petit Jean-Michel , Cottenet Jonathan , Chauvet-Gelinier Jean-Christophe , Jollant Fabrice , Quantin Catherine 
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this large retrospective cohort study was to estimate the supplementary morbidity and mortality risks conferred by the co-occurrence of schizophrenia among young people with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This nationwide population-based study included individuals aged 15–35 years hospitalized in France for type 1 diabetes from 2009 to 2012 with or without schizophrenia. For assessment of the occurrence of rehospitalization for acute diabetes complications, suicide attempts, and hospital mortality, multivariate logistic regressions and survival analysis adjusted for age, sex, and Charlson comorbidity index scores were performed. The association between hospitalization for suicide attempts and acute diabetes complications was further explored in a survival analysis, with the exposure of acute diabetes complications as a time-dependent covariate.

RESULTS
Among 45,655 individuals aged 15–35 years who were hospitalized for type 1 diabetes, 341 (0.75%) had a previous or contemporary hospitalization for schizophrenia. Within 3 years of follow-up, schizophrenia was associated with increased risks of rehospitalization for hypoglycemia (adjusted odds ratio 3.21 [95% CI 1.99–5.20]), hyperglycemia (7.01 [3.53–13.90]), ketoacidosis (2.01 [1.49–2.70]), and coma (3.17 [1.90–5.27]); hospitalization for suicide attempts (12.15 [8.49–17.38]); and hospital mortality (2.83 [1.50–5.36]). Hospitalization for a suicide attempt was associated with an increased risk of hospitalization for acute diabetes complications independently from schizophrenia (hazard ratio 3.46 [95% CI 2.74–4.38]).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients suffering from the combination of type 1 diabetes and schizophrenia are at increased risk of hospitalization for acute diabetes complications as well as suicide and hospital mortality. These individuals may require specific care programs and close monitoring of mental, somatic, and social health.
Influence of Ambient Temperature and Light-curing Moment on Polymerization Shrinkage and Strength of Resin Composite Cements
Authors: Rohr N , Müller JA , Fischer J 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to establish a clinically appropriate light-curing moment for resin composite cements while achieving the highest indirect tensile strength and lowest polymerization shrinkage.

Methods and Materials:
Polymerization shrinkage of seven resin composite cements (Multilink Automix, Multilink Speed Cem, RelyX Ultimate, RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, Panavia V5, Panavia SA plus, VITA Adiva F-Cem) was measured at ambient temperatures of 23°C and 37°C. Testing was done for autopolymerized and light-cured specimens after light application at either 1, 5, or 10 minutes after mixing. Indirect tensile strength of all cements was measured after 24 hours of storage at temperatures of 23°C and 37°C, for autopolymerized and light-cured specimens after light application 1, 5, or 10 minutes after mixing. To illustrate filler size and microstructures, SEM images of all cements were captured. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Fisher LSD test (α=0.05).

Results:
Final polymerization shrinkage of the resin composite cements ranged from 3.2% to 7.0%. An increase in temperature from 23°C to 37°C as well as the light-curing moment resulted in material dependent effects on the polymerization shrinkage and indirect tensile strength of the cements. Polymerization shrinkage of the cements did not correlate with the indirect tensile strength of the cement in the respective groups. Highest indirect tensile strengths were observed for the materials containing a homogeneous distribution of fillers with a size of about 1 μm (Multilink Automix, Panavia V5, VITA Adiva F-Cem).

Conclusion:
The magnitude of the effect of light-curing moment and temperature increase on polymerization shrinkage and indirect tensile strength of resin composite cements is material dependent and cannot be generalized.
Influence of Shrinkage and Viscosity of Flowable Composite Liners on Cervical Microleakage of Class II Restorations: A Micro-CT Analysis
Authors: Nie J , Yap AU , Wang XY 
Published: August 2018

SUMMARY
This study determined the influence of shrinkage and viscosity of flowable composite liners on the cervical microleakage of Class II restorations using micro-CT. Seven composites of varying viscosities were selected and included five giomers (Shofu Beautifil II [BF], Flow Plus F00 and F03 [F00 and F03], Flow F02 and F10 [F02 and F10]) and 2 nano-filled composites (3M-ESPE Filtek Z350 [Z350] and Filtek Z350 Flowable [Z350F]). Polymerization shrinkage (n=7) was assessed with the Acuvol volumetric shrinkage analyzer while complex viscosity was determined with the advanced rheometric expansion system at 25°C. Standardized Class II restorations incorporating 1-mm horizontal layers of different flowable liners and 3-mm oblique layers of BF or Z350 were subjected to a silver nitrate test for 24 hours and examined using micro-CT. Microleakage was determined at 0.1-mm intervals from the buccal to lingual surfaces providing 30 sites per specimen and scored accordingly. Statistical analysis was performed with the one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman's rho correlation at a significance level of p&lt;0.05. Mean volumetric shrinkage ranged from 5.33±0.17% to 2.35±0.02% for F02 to Z350, respectively. The flowable materials had significantly higher shrinkage than did their sculptable counterparts (BF and Z350). Complex viscosities ranged from 9.65 to 4.20 (Z350 and F10, respectively) at a frequency of 10 rad/s and from 8.16 to 3.28 (Z350 and F03, respectively) for 100 rad/s. Giomer restorations had significantly less leakage than did those restored with nano-filled composites. No microleakage was observed with restorations lined with F02 or F10. The use of flowable liners reduced cervical microleakage of Class II restorations. Interfacial integrity of Class II restorations was significantly correlated with liner viscosity, filler volume, and shrinkage.
Global Solar Radiation Analysis of the Modified Savin-Angström Method by using Pyranometers CMP 6 and CMP 11
Authors: Čimo Ján , Novotná Beáta 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Solar energy is one of the most available energy sources and the most ecological one. Currently, the firm Kipp & Zonen belongs to prominent producer of sensors for measuring global radiation. These sensors are the most used ones in our country and also in network of meteorological measurements of WMO. Therefore, the two types of measuring sensors for global radiation (pyranometer PMP 11, CMP 6) in comparison with the calculation method Savin-Angstrom are analysed. By processing the experimental measurements of global radiation in locality Nitra, there can be observed differences between standard CMP 11 and CMP 6. The measured values by CMP 6 pyranometer in comparison with secondary standard CMP 11 are lower by about 21% to what corresponds to the accuracy level (First Class) of sensor CMP 6. Differences may have been caused by higher aberrance of non-linearity, aberrance at sunrise and sunset i.e. directional errors and also by the fact that sensor CMP 6 is not equipped with integrated temperature compensation. The similar situation was also in the comparison of global radiation, which was calculated according to the modified Savin-Angstrom method and CMP 11. Notional differences were 7% compared with the measured values of CMP 11 standard.
Communication and Information Technology as an “integrator” in the Creation of Environmental Friendly Space
Authors: Hendarti Religiana 
Published: August 2018

<p>In general, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a technology that is associated with the process and management of information and the<br />relationships between information and data (communication). This technology has become a media that can help the process of architectural design, ranging from drawing software to the connector between software. This paper explores ICT in the process of architectural design emphasizing on the process of space-creations which are environmentally friendly, and focusing on the eco-friendly of roof element area. This study explains the "inter-relationship" between a software and a design. The case study is used in order to explaininter-connection design of green and solar panel roof of the building. The result of this study is explained in the form of a diagrammatic explanation of the inter-connection between the software and the design that is diffused in a simulation process. Analysis of 'heat transfer' is presented as a series of the inter-connection.<br />Keywords: Heat transfer, Inter-connection, ICT, Eco-friendly space, Simulation.</p>