bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different patterns of colonization of Oxalis alpina in the Sky Islands of the Sonoran desert via pollen and seed flow
Authors: Pérez‐Alquicira Jessica , Weller Stephen G. , Domínguez César A. , Molina‐Freaner Francisco E. , Tsyusko Olga V. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHistorical factors such as climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene epoch have dramatically impacted species distributions. Studies of the patterns of genetic structure in angiosperm species using molecular markers with different modes of inheritance contribute to a better understanding of potential differences in colonization and patterns of gene flow via pollen and seeds. These markers may also provide insights into the evolution of reproductive systems in plants. Oxalis alpina is a tetraploid, herbaceous species inhabiting the Sky Island region of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. Our main objective in this study was to analyze the influence of climatic oscillations on the genetic structure of O. alpina and the impact of these oscillations on the evolutionary transition from tristylous to distylous reproductive systems. We used microsatellite markers and compared our results to a previous study using chloroplast genetic markers. The phylogeographic structure inferred by both markers was different, suggesting that intrinsic characteristics including the pollination system and seed dispersal have influenced patterns of gene flow. Microsatellites exhibited low genetic structure, showed no significant association between geographic and genetic distances, and all individual genotypes were assigned to two main groups. In contrast, chloroplast markers exhibited a strong association between geographic and genetic distance, had higher levels of genetic differentiation, and were assigned to five groups. Both types of DNA markers showed evidence of a northward expansion as a consequence of climate warming occurring in the last 10,000 years. The data from both types of markers support the hypothesis for several independent transitions from tristyly to distyly.
Lifting the veil: richness measurements fail to detect systematic biodiversity change over three decades
Authors: Larsen Stefano , Chase Jonathan M. , Durance Isabelle , Ormerod Steve J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhile there is widespread recognition of human involvement in biodiversity loss globally, at smaller spatial extents, the effects are less clear. One reason is that local effects are obscured by the use of summary biodiversity variables, such as species richness, that provide only limited insight into complex biodiversity change. Here, we use 30 yr of invertebrate data from a metacommunity of 10 streams in Wales, UK, combined with regional surveys, to examine temporal changes in multiple biodiversity measures at local, metacommunity, and regional scales. There was no change in taxonomic or functional α‐diversity and spatial β‐diversity metrics at any scale over the 30‐yr time series, suggesting a relative stasis in the system and no evidence for on‐going homogenization. However, temporal changes in mean species composition were evident. Two independent approaches to estimate species niche breadth showed that compositional changes were associated with a systematic decline in mean community specialization. Estimates of species‐specific local extinction and immigration probabilities suggested that this decline was linked to lower recolonization rates of specialists, rather than greater local extinction rates. Our results reveal the need for caution in implying stasis from patterns in α‐diversity and spatial β‐diversity measures that might mask non‐random biodiversity changes over time. We also show how different but complementary approaches to estimate niche breadth and functional distinctness of species can reveal long‐term trends in community homogenization likely to be important to conservation and ecosystem function.
A critical review of the environmental occurrence and potential effects in aquatic vertebrates of the potent androgen receptor agonist 17β-trenbolone
Authors: Ankley Gerald T. , Coady Katherine K. , Gross Melanie , Holbech Henrik , Levine Steven L. , Maack Gerd , Williams Mike 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Trenbolone acetate is widely used in some parts of the world for its desirable anabolic effects on livestock. Several metabolites of the acetate, including 17β-trenbolone, have been detected at low nanograms per liter concentrations in surface waters associated with animal feedlots. The 17β-trenbolone isomer can affect androgen receptor signaling pathways in various vertebrate species at comparatively low concentrations/doses. The present article provides a comprehensive review and synthesis of the existing literature concerning exposure to and biological effects of 17β-trenbolone, with an emphasis on potential risks to aquatic animals. In vitro studies indicate that, although 17β-trenbolone can activate several nuclear hormone receptors, its highest affinity is for the androgen receptor in all vertebrate taxa examined, including fish. Exposure of fish to nanograms per liter water concentrations of 17β-trenbolone can cause changes in endocrine function in the short term, and adverse apical effects in longer exposures during development and reproduction. Impacts on endocrine function typically are indicative of inappropriate androgen receptor signaling, such as changes in sex steroid metabolism, impacts on gonadal stage, and masculinization of females. Exposure of fish to 17β-trenbolone during sexual differentiation in early development can greatly skew sex ratios, whereas adult exposures can adversely impact fertility and fecundity. To fully assess ecosystem-level risks, additional research is warranted to address uncertainties as to the degree/breadth of environmental exposures and potential population-level effects of 17β-trenbolone in sensitive species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2064–2078. Published 2018 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
A Robust Microservice Architecture for Scaling Automated Scoring Applications
Authors: Madnani Nitin , Cahill Aoife , Blanchard Daniel , Andreyev Slava , Napolitano Diane , Gyawali Binod , Heilman Michael , Lee Chong Min , Leong Chee Wee , Mulholland Matthew , Riordan Brian 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe present a microservice architecture for large‐scale automated scoring applications. Our architecture builds on the open‐source Apache Storm framework and facilitates the development of robust, scalable automated scoring applications that can easily be extended and customized. We demonstrate our architecture with an application for automated content scoring.
Elucidation of the developmental mechanism of ovarian mature cystic teratomas using B allele‐frequency plots of single nucleotide polymorphism array data
Authors: Usui Hirokazu , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Kaku Hiroshi , Maehara Kayoko , Hata Kenichiro , Shozu Makio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOvarian mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) originate from post‐meiotic germ cells. Conventional methods such as karyotyping or short tandem repeat‐polymorphism analysis may be used to better classify MCTs, although such data would be insufficient. The aim of this study was to elucidate the origin of ovarian MCTs using B allele‐frequency (BAF) plots of single nucleotide polymorphism array data. MCTs can be classified in terms of the zygosity of the centromeres and distal chromosome regions. We evaluated the zygosity of all chromosomes from 38 MCT specimens using BAF plot data. BAF plots were used to determine the homozygous and heterozygous regions over the whole genome. Theoretically, MCTs originated from the fusion of two ova (previously referred to as type V MCTs) should have a mixed pattern of centromeric zygosity, that is, a combination of heterozygous and homozygous regions in the centromeric regions. However, no MCTs in this study met this criterion. We identified 13 type I MCTs, 14 type II MCTs, and 11 type III MCTs. In addition, BAF plots facilitated the construction of recombination maps at the whole‐genome level for type I and II MCTs. No crossover, especially in the short arms, contributed to the failure of meiosis I, resulting in type I MCTs. Crossover in all arms might assure the normal progress of meiosis in human oocytes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that BAF plots can elucidate the developmental mechanism of MCTs, and further serve as useful analytical tools for analyzing human oocyte meiosis, and related aberrations.
CIC‐NUTM1 fusion: A case which expands the spectrum of NUT‐rearranged epithelioid malignancies
Authors: Schaefer Inga‐Marie , Dal Cin Paola , Landry Latrice M. , Fletcher Christopher D. M. , Hanna Glenn J. , French Christopher A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNUT carcinoma (NC) shows very aggressive clinical behavior, occurs predominantly in the thorax and head and neck region of children and adults, and is defined by the presence of NUT (aka NUTM1) rearrangement, mostly BRD4‐NUTM1 fusion resulting from t(15;19)(q13; p13.1). So‐called “NUT variants” harbor alternate fusions between NUTM1 and BRD3, NSD3, ZNF532, or unknown partners. Rare cases of pediatric tumors with CIC‐NUTM1 fusion were recently reported in somatic soft tissue, brain, and kidney. However, such cases have not been identified in adult patients and the presence of a fusion between CIC, characteristic of CIC‐rearranged sarcoma, and NUTM1—a defining feature of NC—poses a diagnostic challenge. We herein report a case of malignant epithelioid neoplasm with myoepithelial features harboring CIC‐NUTM1 fusion arising in soft tissue of the head in a 60‐year‐old man. Immunohistochemistry revealed strong expression of NUT, but only weak ETV4 staining and negativity for keratins, EMA, p40, CD99, and WT1. SMARCB1 expression was retained. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and targeted next‐generation sequencing identified a CIC‐NUTM1 fusion resulting from t(15;19)(q14;q13.2). In light of morphologic features that overlap with those of NC from typical anatomical sites we have seen previously, the tumor was best classified as falling within the NC spectrum rather than CIC‐associated sarcoma. This case highlights the emerging diagnostic challenges generated by newly detected gene fusions of unknown clinical and biologic significance. Careful integration of cytogenetic, molecular, and immunohistochemical findings with morphologic appearances in the diagnostic workup of undifferentiated neoplasms is essential.
A Pentagonal Pyramid Model for Differentiation in Literacy Instruction Across the Disciplines
Authors: Jang Bong Gee , Henretty Dawnelle , Waymouth Heather 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo create an atmosphere that encourages student involvement and develops lifelong learners, educators are finding that differentiated instruction provides a viable framework. Typically, students who populate modern classrooms have diverse interests, varied cultural and linguistic backgrounds, and an assortment of literacy skill levels. Many are familiar with technology and at ease with different modalities of texts (e.g., print, digital). The authors offer a comprehensive approach, a pentagonal pyramid model, that specifically addresses adolescent learners’ needs and reflects their nuanced sociocultural contexts. The authors believe that this model can serve as an effective and practical tool for differentiation in literacy instruction across the disciplines. The model can accommodate the entire spectrum of students, incorporating technology and multiple texts and valuing different literacy levels, motivation, and cultural and linguistic backgrounds, when planning, implementing, and assessing instruction.
Associations Between Lean Mass, Muscle Strength and Power, and Skeletal Size, Density and Strength in Older Men
Authors: Chalhoub Didier , Boudreau Robert , Greenspan Susan , Newman Anne B , Zmuda Joseph , Frank-Wilson Andrew W , Nagaraj Nayana , Hoffman Andrew R , Lane Nancy E , Stefanick Marcia L , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Dam Tien , Cawthon Peggy M , Orwoll Eric S , Cauley Jane A ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study Research Group
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT Studies examining the relationship between muscle parameters and bone strength have not included multiple muscle measurements and/or both central and peripheral skeletal parameters. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between lean mass, muscle strength and power, and skeletal size, bone density, and bone strength. We studied the association between appendicular lean mass (ALM), grip strength, and leg power, and central quantitative computed tomography (QCT) parameters in 2857 men aged 65 years or older; peripheral QCT was available on a subset (n = 786). ALM, grip strength, and leg power were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), Jamar dynamometer, and the Nottingham Power Rig, respectively. Multivariable models adjusting for potential confounders including age, race, study site, BMI, and muscle measurements were developed and least squares means were generated from linear regression models. For the multivariable model, percent differences of bone parameters between lowest (Q1) and highest quartiles (Q4) of ALM, grip strength, and leg power were reported. ALM was significantly associated with central and peripheral QCT parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 3.3% (cortical volumetric bone mineral density [vBMD] of the femoral neck) to 31% (vertebral strength index of the spine). Grip strength was only significantly associated with radial parameters: percent higher values (Q4 versus Q1) ranging from 2.5% (periosteal circumference) to 7.5% (33% axial strength index [SSIx]). Leg power was associated with vertebral strength and lower cross-sectional area with percent lower values (Q4 versus Q1) of –11.9% and –2.7%, respectively. In older men, stronger associations were observed for ALM compared to muscle strength and power. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the relationship between independent changes in muscle measurements and skeletal size, density and strength. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Higher‐order structure and conformational change in biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Orphanou Charlotte , Gervais David 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe higher order structure (HOS) of protein biopharmaceuticals is critical for biological and pharmacological function. Slight changes in HOS can impact product efficacy and quality, and therefore must be characterised. The technology and techniques available for HOS characterisation has advanced in recent years. Although methods such as the low‐resolution technique circular dichroism (CD) and the labour‐intensive but high‐resolution technique X‐ray crystallography may still be routinely used to assess HOS, other techniques, such as mass spectrometry (MS) with hydrogen‐deuterium exchange (HDX) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) are becoming more commonplace. Post‐translational modifications (PTMs) may have a large impact on HOS, potentially resulting in undesirable biopharmaceutical variant formation, as well as aggregation. In addition to PTMs, factors such as pH, temperature, stabilising agents and polymers have the potential to induce alterations in protein HOS. A proposed HOS assessment strategy is presented in this review to ensure the robustness of biopharmaceuticals during full process development. Where changes in HOS do occur, there may be a risk of immunogenic response in patients, so regulatory authorities now require comprehensive characterisation, risk assessment and understanding of biopharmaceuticals during development, manufacture and storage. This enables quality controls to be put in place to mitigate or avoid conditions where conformational changes are known to occur, and ensures that the quality, safety and efficacy of biopharmaceutical proteins are not compromised. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of Creative Personality onEEGAlpha Oscillation: Based on the Social and General Creativity Comparative Study
Authors: Wang Yali , Gu Chuanhua , Lu Jiamei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe neural mechanism underlying creativity has been identified and confirmed by numerous studies. This current exploratory study compared the neural basis between social creativity and general creativity and explored the effect of creative personality on their neural basis by employing multiple regression analysis. TheEEGactivities of 34 participants were recorded during social or general creative tasks. The results indicated that a stronger alpha event‐related synchronization (ERS) was presented during the social creative task than during the general creative task. High creative personality individuals were found to exhibit higher event‐related desynchronization (ERD) only for the upper alpha band. Additionally, high creative personality individuals revealed no significant task differences regarding the alphaERS. However, low creative personality individuals exhibited a stronger alphaERSfor social creative tasks than they did for general creative tasks. The current investigation could lead to new approaches for examining the brain correlates of creativity from different domains and their correlations with respect to creative personality.
Creative Occupational Therapist: It's About the Client Using Focus Groups to Explore Creativity in Occupational Therapy
Authors: Oven Alenka , Lobe Bojana 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAlthough creativity is an important aspect of occupational therapy theory and practice, there have been few studies that would explore this concept in the context of the occupational therapy process. This was the first qualitative study of creativity in occupational therapy in Slovenia. It was conducted as part of a larger mixed‐methods study and included 22 experienced occupational therapists who participated in four focus groups. The focus of the study was on the exploration of different factors that could contribute to creativity and creative strategies in occupational therapy, in either a positive or a negative way. Since occupational therapy promotes a client‐centered therapy approach, the role of the client as the motivating factor was of particular interest to our study. Six factors that can influence the creativity of occupational therapists emerged from the qualitative analysis (Strauss & Corbin, 1990). While the client was identified as the key factor, the potential of other factors was also recognized. This qualitative study increased the understanding of the concept of creativity and creative behavior in occupational therapy, and also provided empirical material that formed the basis for the development of a questionnaire on creativity in occupational therapy.
Gut Microbiota as a Modulator of Paneth Cells During Parenteral Nutrition in Mice
Authors: Wang Jiwei , Tian Feng , Wang Peng , Zheng Huijun , Zhang Ying , Tian Hao , Zhang Li , Gao Xuejin , Wang Xinying 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundParenteral nutrition (PN) leads to decreased production of Paneth cell–derived antimicrobial peptides and is accompanied by dysbiosis of the gut. The role of gut microbiota in regulating Paneth cell function during PN is unknown.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice received either an antibiotic cocktail (Abx) or nothing (Normal) in their drinking water for 2 weeks before being fed either standard laboratory chow (Abx‐Chow and Normal‐Chow) or a continuous infusion of PN solution (Abx‐PN and Normal‐PN) for 7 days. In a separate experiment, the intestinal contents of mice having received 7 days of Chow or PN were transferred by gavage to germ‐free (GF) mice.ResultsAntibiotic treatment decreased the protein levels of lysozyme and RegIIIγ and the mRNA level of α‐defensin 5, with no further effect by PN compared with chow. However, these measurements were higher in Abx‐PN mice than in Normal‐PN mice. When compared with Chow→GF, PN→GF mice demonstrated lower body weight, shorter intestinal length, severe atrophy of the ileum villus, and lower levels of lysozyme and RegIIIγ protein and α‐defensin 5 mRNA. Interleukin (IL)‐22 and IL‐17 mRNA levels declined in the ileum. Principal component analysis revealed major differences between the metabolite compositions of the Chow and PN, as well as the Chow→GF and PN→GF groups that appears to indicate aberrant tryptophan metabolism.ConclusionsGut microbiota plays a vital role in PN‐related Paneth cell dysfunction. Dysbiosis during PN might alter the production of microbial metabolites, thereby influencing the production of Paneth cell–derived antimicrobial peptides.
Management of Ready‐to‐Use Parenteral Nutrition in Newborns: Systematic Review
Authors: Mena Karen Daniela Romero , Espitia Olga Lucia Pinzón , Vergara José Alejandro Daza 
Published: April 2018

AbstractParenteral support has increased the possibility of neonatal recovery. However, complications associated with its use have been documented. One commercial method developed to decrease the complications of this type of support is the ready‐to‐use parenteral nutrition (PN), a 3‐chamber bag that provides a complete nutrient mix. This systematic review seeks, through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses methodology, to establish the benefits in newborns. Seven databases and gray literature were used. The search was limited to publications from 2007–2017 and to articles written in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria and studies with low quality evaluated with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network guidelines, which were without information about the study or analytical methods, were excluded. A total of 24,193 articles were obtained, which were initially evaluated by title and abstract according to the inclusion criteria. A total of 24,167 articles were discarded, obtaining 27 eligible for follow‐up evaluation. After a detailed evaluation of the full text, 13 articles were selected. It was found that ready‐to‐use PN has the potential benefit to reduce the risks for infections, provide an adequate supply of nutrients, generate growth within the expected range, provide ease of use, decrease prescription errors, and potentially reduce costs. It is necessary to evaluate the short‐ and long‐term impact of its use.
High‐resolution capillary zone electrophoresis for transferrin glycoform analysis associated with congenital disorders of glycosylation
Authors: Tobler Micha , Caslavska Jitka , Burda Patricie , Thormann Wolfgang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHigh‐resolution capillary zone electrophoresis is used to assess the transferrin profile in serum of patients with eight different congenital disorders of glycosylation that represent type I, type II, and mixed type I/II disorders. Capillary zone electrophoresis data are compared to patterns obtained by gel isoelectric focusing. The high‐resolution capillary zone electrophoresis method is shown to represent an effective tool to assess the diversity of transferrin patterns. Hypoglycosylated disialo‐, monosialo‐, and asialo‐transferrin in type I cases can be distinguished from the corresponding underdesialylated transferrin glycoforms present in type II disorders. The latter can be separated from and detected ahead of their corresponding hypoglycosylated forms of type I patients. Both types of glycoforms are detected in sera of mixed type I/II patients. The assay has the potential to be used as screening method for congenital disorders of glycosylation. It can be run with a few microliters of serum when microvials are used.