bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bedeutung und Probleme der Begriffsbestimmung im Rahmen der Biologie
Authors: Scheele M. 
Published: March 2018

Einleitend wird dargelegt, daß die Sprache für Biologie und Medizin eine besondere Bedeutung besitzt und daß daher neben der seit LINNE einheitlichen Nomenklatur auch eine einheitliche Terminologie gefordert werden muß. Auf die Probleme der Terminologie stößt vor allem auch der Literaturforscher und der Dokumentär, wenn es darum geht, die im Schrifttum verstreuten Angaben über bestimmte Themen für eine einheitliche Auswertung zusammenzufassen.In einigen allgemeinen Überlegungen zur Begriffsbestimmung wird besonders betont, daß wir zwischen den Bezeichnungen der natürlichen Gegebenheiten und den Bezeichnungen für die Beschäftigung des Menschen mit diesen Gegebenheiten streng unterscheiden müssen. Es kann viel Arbeit gespart werden, wenn man die Definitionen der Beschäftigung des Menschen mit den . Gegebenheiten (also die Definitionen der Wissenschaftsdisziplinen) als sekundäres Problem zunächst beiseite läßt.Um zu zeigen, wie vielgestaltig und schwierig die Probleme der Terminologie und der einheitlichen Definition in allen ihren Zusammenhängen sind, werden einige spezielle Beispiele abgehandelt. Dazu dienen die Termini ,,Länge”, ,,Symmetrie” und ,,Plankton”.
An On-line Computer System for a Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: Baker R. L. , Vallbona C. , Spencer W. A. , Levy A. H. , Liss D. M. , Pope S. B. 
Published: March 2018

An on-line computer system has been implemented for processing medical information at the Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research. The major objectives of the system are: 1. to improve the process of patient care by expediting the flow of information among, members, of .the rehabilitation team, 2. to facilitate the utilization of medical data for research purposes, 3. to enhance efficient hospital management, and 4. to obtain accurate data for an effective study of. the cost of hospitalization.The system consists of the following interrelated programs: a) recording- of physiological monitoring, b) on-line processing of data collected at the bedside, c) processing of laboratory data, d) on-line processing of results of physiological studies, e) processing of data pertaining to treatments administered to patients, f) on-line calculation of fluid and electrolyte requirements, and g) statistical analysis of the hospital census.The on-line computer facility is based on a time-shared teleprocessing system located at Baylor University College of Medicine and time-shared with various departments of the College. Remote terminal units installed at the Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research are connected by cable with the computer at the College of Medicine.
Management of Anxiety and Depressive Disorders in Patients ≥ 65 Years of Age by Homeopath General Practitioners versus Conventional General Practitioners, with Overview of the EPI3-LASER Study Results
Authors: Duru Gérard , Vetel Jean , Danno Karine 
Published: March 2018

Background The increasing use of psychotropic drugs to treat anxiety and depressive disorders (ADDs) is concerning. According to the study, ‘Etude Pharmacoépidémiologique de l'Impact de Santé Publique des modes de prise en charge pour 3 groupes de pathologies’ (EPI3)-LASER, adult ADD patients who consult a general practitioner prescribing homeopathic medicines (GP-Ho) report less psychotropic drug use and are marginally more likely to experience clinical improvement than those receiving conventional care. We determined whether these observations also apply to patients ≥ 65 years old in the EPI3 cohort.
Methods The EPI3-LASER study, conducted in France between March 2007 and July 2008, was a nationwide, observational survey of the three most common reasons for primary care consultation, including ADD, and the impact of the GPs' prescribing preferences: homeopathy (GP-Ho), conventional medicines (GP-CM) or mixed prescriptions (GP-Mx). This sub-analysis included 110 patients ≥ 65 years old with ADD from the EPI3 cohort who consulted either a GP-CM or GP-Ho. Socio-demographic and medical data and details of any medications prescribed were collected at inclusion. Information regarding the patients' functional status (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS)]) was obtained via a telephone interview 72 hours after inclusion, and at 1, 3 and 12 months post-inclusion. Medication use and outcome were determined over the 12-month period. Differences between the GP-CM and GP-Ho groups were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results One hundred and ten patients were recruited and 87 (79.1%) with ADD (HADS ≥ 9) at the 72-hour interview were evaluated (age range: 65–93 years, 82.8% female). Patients who consulted a GP-Ho were more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 10.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33–81.07) to have clinical improvement (HADS < 9) after 12 months than those in the GP-CM group. Patients who consulted a GP-Ho reported less psychotropic drug use (OR = 22.31 [95% CI: 2.20–226.31]) and benzodiazepine use (OR = 60.63 [95% CI: 5.75–639.5]) than GP-CM patients.
Conclusions Management of ADD patients aged ≥ 65 years by GP-Ho appears to have a real public health interest in terms of effectiveness and lower psychotropic drug use.
Computer Applications for Staff Development and Patient Education
Authors: Hannah Kathryn , Conley-Price Paula , Fenty Daryl , McKiel Elaine , Soltes Dana , Hogan Terri , Wiens Donna 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The changing and evolving profession of nursing necessitates extensive staff development activities on the part of nursing management. This ongoing responsibility is essential to maintaining the currency and competence of practicing nurses and facilitating their professional growth. Simultaneously there are economic constraints coinciding with increased consumer demands for patient education. The purpose of this paper is to explore an innovative teaching method, the use of instructional computing for staff development and patient education programs. The theoretical frameworks for this instructional modality are identified and general advantages and disadvantages of instructional computing applications are described. Specific examples of programs from the literature are briefly discussed.
Informatics in Professional Education
Authors: Ball Marion , Douglas Judith 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The University of Maryland at Baltimore (UMAB) is a professional school campus, including schools of Dentistry, Law, Medicine, Nursing, Pharmacy, Graduate Studies, and Social Work and Community Planning. In late 1987, UMAB convened a Task Force on Informatics, intended to support the campus as it worked to become a Centre of Excellence for Informatics. The Task Force reviewed the current computing environment at UMAB and the individual schools. In assessing the state ofthe art in informatics, its work was supplemented by the formation of external advisory committees of national and international informaticians. Deliberations proceeded according to a methodology designed to develop factual databases and to generate consensus. The Task Force report, which is excerpted in the following paper, established a tiered taxonomy of competencies; defined the three levels; and set forth program models for the two higher levels. Special note was made of the programs in ´nursing and dental informatics newly established at UMAB. The report concluded with three recommendations, each with detailed action points identified.
Use of the Quick Medical Reference (QMR) Program as a Tool for Medical Education
Authors: Miller R. , Masarie F. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The original goal of the INTERNIST-1 project, as formulated in the early 1970s, was to develop an expert consultant program for diagnosis in general internal medicine. By the early 1980s, it was recognized that the most valuable product of the project was its medical knowledge base (KB). The INTERNIST-1/QMR KB comprehensively summarizes information contained in the medical literature regarding diagnosis of disorders seen in internal medicine. The QMR program was developed to enable its users to exploit the contents ofthe INTERNIST-1/ QMR KB in educationally, clinically, and computationally useful ways. Utilizing commonly available microcomputers, the program operates at three levels - as an electronic textbook, as an intermediate level spreadsheet for the combination and exploration of simple diagnostic concepts, and as an expert consultant program. The electronic textbook contains an average of 85 findings and 8 associated disorders relevant to the diagnosis of approximately 600 disorders in internal medicine. Inverting the disease profiles creates extensive differential diagnosis lists for the over 4250 patient findings known to the system. Unlike a standard printed medical textbook, the QMR knowledge base can be manipulated “on the fly” to format displays that match the information needs of users. Preliminary use of the program for education of medical students and medical house officers at several sites has met with an enthusiastic response.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Electrical Stimulation-Induced Leg Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Sutton J. R. , Thomas A. J. , Davis G. M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Electrical stimulation-induced leg muscle contractions provide a useful model for examining the role of leg muscle neural afferents during low-intensity exercise in persons with spinal cord-injury and their able-bodied cohorts. Eight persons with paraplegia (SCI) and 8 non-disabled subjects (CONTROL) performed passive knee flexion/extension (PAS), electrical stimulation-induced knee flexion/extension (ES) and voluntary knee flexion/extension (VOL) on an isokinetic dynamometer. In CONTROLS, exercise heart rate was significantly increased during ES (94 ± 6 bpm) and VOL (85 ± 4 bpm) over PAS (69 ± 4 bpm), but no changes were observed in SCI individuals. Stroke volume was significantly augmented in SCI during ES (59 ± 5 ml) compared to PAS (46 ± 4 ml). The results of this study suggest that, in able-bodied humans, Group III and IV leg muscle afferents contribute to increased cardiac output during exercise primarily via augmented heart rate. In contrast, SCI achieve raised cardiac output during ES leg exercise via increased venous return in the absence of any change in heart rate.
Circadian Rhythm Estimation by Core Body Temperature Filtered with Simultaneously Recorded Physiological Data
Authors: Nakano T. , Koyama E. , Imai T. , Hagiwara H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract.In field measurements, monitoring of core body temperature is influenced by physical activities; therefore, the estimation of circadian rhythm from the data may not be exact. The purpose of this study is to design a core body temperature filter in order to reduce artifacts induced by physical activities using simultaneously recorded physiological data such as heart rate data.The effects of physical activities on core body temperature and heart rate are assessed through three experiments. Based on the above knowledge, a core body temperature filter was designed. The filter removes part of rectal temperature data as artifact when heart rate rises above a predetermined threshold. As a result, most of the spike-like noise was removed and the filtered temperature data showed sinusoidal variation more than the unfiltered data. The mesor of the estimated rhythm significantly decreased. This filtering method can provide more precise information about circadian rhythm, especially in field measurements.
Estimation of Arterial Mechanical Properties from Aortic and Tonometric Arterial Pressure Waveforms
Authors: Sugimachi M. , Kawada T. , Shishido T. , Matsumoto N. , Alexander J. , Sunagawa K. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Although arterial mechanical properties have been evaluated using arterial input impedance, the relative difficulty in accurate flow measurement made the value of impedance somewhat limited. To develop an alternative method to evaluate arterial mechanical properties, we analyzed the aortic pressure (AoP)-radial arterial pressure (RAP) relationship because of relative ease in obtaining peripheral pressure waveform by tonometry. In 8 patients we simultaneously recorded aortic root and radial arterial pressure waveforms. We calculated the transfer function from AoP to RAP. We then fitted the transfer function to a model of a lossless uniform elastic tube terminated with a modified Windkessel model. The fact that the model transfer function predicted AoP from RAP waveform with considerable accuracy indicated that the model represented the arterial mechanical properties well. We conclude that we can estimate the arterial mechanical properties by the pressure-pressure transfer function analysis.
Extraction of Implicit Information in Biosignals
Authors: Xia Ling , Lu Weixue 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The first part of this paper explains the meaning of implicit information in biosignals. Image reconstruction from projections and ECG inverse problem are two typical examples. In the second part the limitation of conventional ECG inverse problem study is discussed, that is, the excitation propagation process that was not included in inverse study. In the third part a new approach to ECG inverse problem studies is introduced. To verify the new method, we used this method to localize the ventricular preexcitation site with simulated body surface potentials of WPW syndrome. The experimental results show that the inversely recovered preexcitation sites are in close agreement with the true preexcitation site.
Research and education directions in Medical Informatics at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Authors: Pappas C. , Maglaveras Nicos 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:The field of Medical Informatics is one of the most active fields both in research and education at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The nucleus of this scientific field at the Aristotle University resides in the Medical School and in particular in the Laboratory of Medical Informatics. Education programs exist in undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate levels, and are targeted towards medical students and doctors and information technology related students and professionals. Research projects cover a wide area of medical informatics including medical information processing and management, electronic health records design and implementation, medical decision support, biological systems simulation, telemedicine applications, integration and communication issues related to regional health information systems, and quality assessment of health services and systems. The description and brief presentation of the output of these educational and research directions shall be presented in this paper.
Medical Applications of Virtual Environments
Authors: Riva G. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:Technologies that were hardly used ten years ago, such as the Internet, e-mail, and video teleconferencing are becoming familiar methods for diagnosis, therapy, education and training. However, the possible impact of virtual reality (VR) on health care is even higher than the one offered by the new communication technologies. In fact, VR is a technology, a communication interface and an experience: a communication interface based on interactive 3D visualization, able to collect and integrate in single real-like experience different inputs and data sets.The first health care applications of VR started in the early ‘90s with the need for medical staff to visualize complex medical data, particularly during surgery and for surgery planning. A couple of years later, the scope of VR applications in medicine has broadened to include neuropsychological assessment and rehabilitation.This paper intends to investigate the role of VR in medicine, presenting some of the most interesting applications actually developed in the area. Moreover, it discusses the clinical principles, technological devices and safety issues associated with the use of virtual reality in medicine.
The Quest for Identity of Health Informatics and for Guidance to Education in it – The German Reisensburg Conference of 1973 Revisited
Authors: Moehr J.R. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:
Purpose: To review the minutes of the invitational workshop for defining the contents and approaches to education in and the professionalization of health informatics, which took place in Germany thirty years ago; To provide context for the meeting and assess its impact.
Approach: The minutes resulting from the meeting were translated into English, and the literature attesting to the effects of the meeting was compiled in a literature review and commented on.
Results: The meeting had profound effect in Germany, providing a model for several tiers of educational initiatives, and for professional recognition of the field of medical informatics. These were refined over the last thirty years and persist to this day. At the international level, the impact can be traced to the IMIA recommendations for education in health/medical informatics. More recent initiatives at defining the content of health informatics education did not result in fundamentally different models.
Conclusion: One may assume then that the contents of education in medical/health informatics are well defined. The methods of education deserve greater attention.
Knowledge Management In Health Care Organizations
Authors: Stefanelli M. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:This review article analyzes theories, methods, and technologies that can be effective in building a socio-technical environment within a health care organization that is able to facilitate the collaboration between individuals in the management of patient care and in expanding scientific and professional knowledge. The article is organized as follows. In section 2, I discuss the nature of knowledge in general and with a particular attention to medical knowledge. The future of health information systems (HIS) is discussed in section 3, which provides also an overview of theories for designing and developing such systems. Section 4 describes different types of collaboration, and reviews the methods and information and communication technologies (ICT), which can be exploited for knowledge creation and interaction management. The potential of workflow management technology for building innovative components within HIS is analyzed in section 5. Finally, section 6 presents the conclusions.
Assessing Information Technologies for Health. Editorial
Authors: Kulikowski C. , Haux R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryTo provide an editorial introduction to the 2006 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors.A brief overview of the main theme of “Assessing Information Technology for Health Care”, and an outline of the purposes, readership, contents, new format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2006 IMIA Yearbook.Assessing information technology (IT) in biomedicine and health care is emphasized in a number of survey and review articles. Synopses of a selection of best papers for the past 12 months are included, as are original papers on the history of medical informatics by pioneers in the field, and selected research and education programs. Information about IMIA and its constituent societies is given, as well as the authors, reviewers, and advisors to the Yearbook.The 2006 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics highlights as its theme one of the most significant yet difficult aspects of information technology in health: the assessment of IT as part of the complex enterprise of biomedical research and practice. It is being published in a new format with a wide range of original survey and review articles.
Traceability in Healthcare: Crossing Boundaries
Authors: Lovis C. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives This paper is a survey on the problem of traceability in healthcare. Traceability covers many different aspects and its understanding varies among different players. In supply chains and retails, traceability usually covers aspects pertaining to logistics. The challenge is to keep trace of objects manufactured, to track their locations in a production and distribution processes. In food industry, traceability has received a lot of attention because of public health problems related to infectious diseases. For instance, in Europe, the challenge of traceability has been to build the tracking of meat, from the living animal to the shell. In the health sector, traceability has mostly been involved in patient safety around human products such as blood derivates contaminants or implanted devices and prosthesis such as mammary implants. There are growing interests involving traceability in health related to drug safety, including the problem of counterfeited drugs, and to privacy. Traceability is also increasingly seen as a mean to improve efficiency of the logistics of care and a way to better understand costs and usage of resources.
Methods This survey is reviewing the literature and proposes a discussion based on the real use and needs of traceability in a large teaching hospital.
Results and Conclusion Traceability in healthcare is at the crossroads of numerous needs. It is therefore of particular complexity and raises many new challenges. Identification management and entity tracking, from serialization of consumers’ good production in the supply chains, to the identification of actors, patients, care providers, locations and processes is a huge effort, tackling economical, political, ethical and technical challenges. New requirements are needed, not usually met in the supply chain, such as serialization and persistence in time. New problems arise, such as privacy and legal frameworks. There are growing needs to increase traceability for drug products, related to drug safety, counterfeited drugs, and to privacy. Technical problems around reliability, robustness and efficiency of carriers are still to be resolved. There is a lot at stakes. Traceability is a major aspect of the future in healthcare and requires the attention of the community of medical informatics.
Closing the Loops in Biomedical Informatics. Editorial
Authors: Geissbuhler Antoine , Kulikowski C. A. 
Published: March 2018

Summary
Objectives To provide an editorial introduction to the 2009 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors.
Methods A brief overview of the main theme, and an outline of the purposes, contents, format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2009 IMIA Yearbook.
Results This 2009 issue of the IMIA Yearbook highlights important, beneficial loops which, if closed, could lead to considerable advances in the field of biomedical informatics and, indirectly, in healthcare and biomedical research. Progress towards closing the loops and remaining gaps are identified from the recent literature, illustrated by selected papers published during the past 12 months.
Conclusion Reviews and Surveys of the main research sub-fields in biomedical informatics in the Yearbook provide an overview of progress and current challenges across the spectrum of the discipline.