bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizing pneumonia with elevated surfactant protein-D needs attention to the possibility of relapse
Authors: Yamagishi Toru , Kodaka Norio , Watanabe Kayo , Nakano Chihiro , Oshio Takeshi , Niitsuma Kumiko , Shimada Nagashige , Matsuse Hiroto 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background and Objectives

Organizing pneumonia (OP) usually responds spectacularly well to initial treatment, but relapses can occur and some cases run a fatal course. Still the issue of relapse has been addressed in relatively few studies and predictors have not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to examine the pattern of relapses in OP, to determine whether relapse affects morbidity and mortality and to identify possible predictors of relapse.

Methods

Blood sampling, pulmonary function testing, computed tomography (CT) of the chest and bronchofiberscopy were performed for all patients and were retrospectively reviewed along with clinical information. To determine relapse of OP, additional chest CT was performed regularly or when relapse of OP was clinically suspected. All patients were followed regarding treatment response, treatment duration and presence of relapse. Results were compared between two groups based on serum concentrations of surfactant protein (SP)-D: normal SP-D; and high SP-D.

Results

Twenty-two patients were analyzed in this study. SP-D showed a negative correlation with percutaneous oxygen saturation, and positive correlations with serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Krebs von den Lungen (KL)-6 and percentage lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Prognosis was good for all patients, but relapse was significantly more frequent in the high SP-D group (6 cases) than in the normal SP-D group (0 cases; p=0.049). Serum KL-6 and percentage monocytes in BAL were significantly higher and pulmonary vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were significantly lower in the high SP-D group than in the low SP-D group.

Conclusions

When treating cases of OP with high serum concentrations of SP-D, attention should be paid to the possibility of relapse.
Evaluation of the Hypothetical Constructs of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices regarding Dengue in Selangor, Malaysia
Authors: Lamidi-Sarumoh Alaba Ajibola , Shohaimi Shamarina , Adam Mohd Bakri , Nadzir Mohd Noor Hisham Mohd , Oguntade Emmanuel Segun , Ghani Nurul Akmar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on dengue are hypothetical constructs which are substantiated through the set of composed questions. KAP on dengue is one of the most economical and effective methods used to curtail the incidence of dengue fever because of the absence of efficient vaccines with considerable contraindications and certified chemoprophylaxis for the infection in the affected regions of the world. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with the use of a validated structured bilingual questionnaire specifically to assess the KAP on dengue among population in Selangor, Malaysia. Exploratory factor analysis was used to examine the dimensionality and interdependence among the items of the questionnaire and partial least square path analysis (PLS-path analysis) was used to explore the weights of the indicative sub-constructs on the main constructs. Results: Items on knowledge about dengue fever and vectors were factored into six sub-constructs, items on attitudes towards dengue were factored into four sub-constructs and items on preventive practices against dengue were also factored into four sub-constructs. PLS-path analysis revealed the exact sub-constructs which had a low and negative impact on the main hypothetical constructs. Conclusion: Visualization of the structural system of KAP on dengue was presented. The results from this novel application gave an insight into the exact KAP on dengue that is insufficient among respondents. Also, this result can be of benefit to the planning of future community health campaigns and mediation strategies to reduce the risk of dengue virus infection.
Disease Burden on Health Facilities in Governorates South of Karbala During the Arbaeenia Mass Gathering in Iraq in 2014: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Hantoosh Hayder , Lami Faris , Saber Basel 
Published: August 2019

Background
Millions of Iraqi pilgrims travel annually from the southern governorates to Karbala and pass through Thiqar, Muthana, and Diwania Governorates to join the Arbaeenia mass gathering event. During this event, participants are at high risk for diseases and death and stifle local health care resources. In addition, the mass gathering causes considerable burden on health facilities in the hosting localities.

Objective
This study aims to estimate the disease burden on health facilities caused by the pilgrims passing through Thiqar, Muthana, and Diwania Governorates en route to Karbala in Iraq.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on all health facilities in three governorates (Thiqar, Muthana, and Diwania) situated along the southern way to Karbala from Basra. The study started on December 11, 2014, and ended on December 24, 2014. The morbidity and mortality were collected from surveillance logbooks and death registers. Drug purchase data were obtained from the personnel in charge of the pharmacies. The study period was divided into three phases on the basis of the timing of the mass gathering event: pre-event, the event, and postevent.

Results
There were 884,834 incidents reported during the study. The majority of incidents were reported during the event phase (95%) and were attended mostly at mobile clinics (77%). The average daily incidents during the pre-event, event, and postevent phases were 4300, 56,040, and 4548 incidents, respectively. Musculoskeletal disorders were the most common illness reported (55%). The average number of daily deaths was 43, 36, and 45 during the pre-event, event, and postevent, respectively, and these values did not differ significantly. Cardiovascular diseases (43.5%), injuries (29.8%), and respiratory illnesses (12%) were the leading causes of deaths. Approximately US $1.3 million was spent on drug purchases during this mass gathering in the three governorates.

Conclusions
The Arbaeenia mass gathering causes a tremendous disease and economic burden on governorates that pilgrims pass through to attend this mass gathering in Karbala. Although Iraq’s Ministry of Health is aware of the high burden of this mass gathering on the health facilities in these governorates, more work is needed to ensure quality services during the event.
Designing Online and Mobile Diabetes Education for Fathers of Children With Type 1 Diabetes: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Albanese-O'Neill Anastasia , Schatz Desmond A , Thomas Nicole , Bernhardt Jay M , Cook Christa L , Haller Michael J , Bernier Angelina V , Silverstein Janet H , Westen Sarah C , Elder Jennifer H 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundFathers make unique and central contributions to the health of their children. However, research in type 1 diabetes (T1D) education largely ignores the needs of fathers, including during the development of online and mobile educational materials.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to solicit and incorporate input from fathers of children with T1D into the design, content, and infrastructure of a suite of online diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) resources.MethodsThe study took part in three phases: (1) exploratory research, (2) website and subdomain development, and (3) evaluation. Fathers of children with T1D (n=30) completed surveys and semistructured qualitative interviews. Thematic content analysis was used to identify fathers’ content and design preferences. An online DSMES website (T1DToolkit.org) and a separate mobile subdomain targeting fathers (Mobile Diabetes Advice for Dads, or mDAD) were developed. A prototype of the site for fathers was evaluated by 33 additional father participants. End user feedback was elicited via survey.ResultsParticipants in the exploratory phase were enthusiastic about the online diabetes resources. Preferences included high-quality design, availability via mobile phone and tablet, brief text content supplemented with multimedia and interactive features, reminders via text or email, endorsement by medical professionals, and links to scientific evidence. The mDAD subdomain received high usability and acceptability ratings, with 100% of participants very likely or likely to use the site again.ConclusionsThe development of eHealth educational platforms for fathers of children with T1D remains an unmet need in optimizing diabetes management. This study incorporated fathers’ feedback into the development of a suite of online diabetes education resources. The findings will serve as the basis for future research to assess the clinical efficacy of the website, its subdomain targeting fathers, and additional subdomains targeting unique populations.
MANNOSYLATED MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES ASSISTED ARTESUNATE DELIVERY FOR CEREBRAL MALARIA
Authors: Gulbake Anamika Sahu , Jain Aviral , Shilpi Satish , Kumar Pramod , GULBAKE ARVIND 
Published: August 2019

Objective: The present investigation focused on the novel approach using artesunate (AS) loaded mannosylated conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (M-MWCNTs) for site-specific delivery to the brain in the treatment of cerebral malaria (CM).
Methods: The raw MWCNTs were purified by selective oxidation method and then exposed to sequential chemical functionalization according to the following steps: carboxylation, acylation, amine modification and finally, D-mannose conjugation. The AS was loaded via the equilibrium dialysis method in the molar ratio 1:3 of various functionalized sonicated MWCNTs. The functionalized MWCNTs were characterized for elemental analysis, FTIR, TEM, zeta potential and percentage drug entrapment efficiency. The in vitro drug release study was performed on AS conjugated purified MWCNTs (AS-P-MWCNT) and AS conjugated M-MWCNTs. Bio-distribution study was performed on albino rat for quantitative measurement of AS in different organs and blood.
Results: The TEM images of M-MWCNTs indicated their open tubular nature and AS-M-MWCNTs suggests the entrapment of AS. The percent drug entrapment of AS-M-MWCNT was found to be 80.29±3.4 %. In vitro AS release from AS-M-MWCNTs was found in a controlled manner at pH 7.4. The bio-distribution studies clearly indicate the superiority of the AS-M-MWCNTs, as compared to the plain drug towards increasing the accumulation of AS in brain.
Conclusion: The results suggest that AS-M-MWCNTs could be employed as an efficient nano-carrier for antimalarial therapy in cerebral malaria.
<b>DESCRIPTION OF NOSELEAVES OF PHYLLOSTOMID BATS USING FOURIER ANALYSIS</b>
Authors: Arita W. Héctor T. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT. The outline shape of noseleaves of Phyllostomid bats is described using Fourier analysis. Line drawings of the noseleaves of nine phyllostomines, seven stenodermatines, and one carolliinae were used to calculate the parameters of a simplified Fourier equation fitted using a multiple-regression model. The outline of noseleaves can be reconstructed by plotting the corresponding Fourier equations. Noseleaves of phyllostomines and stenodermatines were compared using the coefficients of the Fourier equations and no significant difference was detected, although some species such as Lonchorhina aurita were clearly outliers. RESUMEN. Se utilizó el análisis de Fourier para describir la forma de las hojas nasales de los murciélagos filostómidos. Se usaron dibujos del contorno de las hojas nasales de nueve filostominos, siete estenodermatinos y un carolino para calcular los parámetros de una ecuación de Fourier simplificada ajustada por un modelo de regresión múltiple. El contorno de las hojas nasales puede reconstruirse graficando las ecuaciones de Fourier correspondientes. Se compararon las hojas nasales de los filostominos y de los estenodermatinos usando los coeficientes de Fourier y no se detectó ninguna diferencia significativa, a pesar de que algunas especies, como Lonchorhina aurita, se salieron totalmente del patrón general. Key words: Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae, Neotropical fauna, noseleaves morphology.
<b>HABITAT STRUCTURE AND DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABILITY OF A HABITAT SPECIALIST: THE ROCK MOUSE (<i>Peromyscus difficilis</i>)</b>
Authors: Galindo Leal Carlos , Krebs Charles J. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract: We used a gradient ofhabitats in manzanita-oak shrubland in Durango, Mexico, to analyze demographic variability and microhabitat use patterns ofthe rock mouse (Peromyscus difficilis). We tested two hypotheses: First, demographic parameters of habitat specialists should be closely associated with habitat structure. Second, popu!ations with higher breeding densities should have higher adult survival, less recruitment and more stable densities. In addition, we analyzed the habitat structure correlates of demographic stability. Demographic characteristics were more dissimilar in those grids with the greatest differences in vegetation characteristics. The areas with highest breeding densities had low juvenile and subadult recruitment in the breeding season. Most populations were relatively stable during the first year of study, but one declined to extinction during the second year. There were differences in microhabitat use among sexes and ages, as well as among resident and ransient individuals, particularly in the breeding season.Resumen: Utilizamos un gradiente de hábitats en el matorral de manzanita y encino en Durango, México, para analizar la variabilidad demográfica del ratón de las rocas Peromyscus difficilis). Examinamos dos hipótesis. Primera, los parámetros demográficos de los especialistas de hábitat deben de estar muy relacionados con la estructura del hábitat.Segunda, las poblaciones con densidades altas de individuos reproductores deben tener mejor sobrevivencia de adultos, menor reclutamiento y mayor estabilidad. Además, analizamos la correlación entre la estructura del hábitat y la estabilidad demográfica. Las características demográficas fueron menos similares en aquellas áreas en donde existieron mayores diferencias en las características de la vegetación. Las áreas con densidades más altas de individuos reproductores tuvieron un bajo reclutamiento de individuos jóvenes y subadultos durante la época reproductiva. La mayoría de las poblaciones estuvieron relativamente estables durante el primer año de estudio, sin embargo, durante el segundo año, una población disminuyó hasta extinguirse.Key Words: Peromyscus difficilis, demography, habitat structure, habitat specialists, Durango, Michilia Biosphere Reserve.
Mammals from the Tarascan Plateau, Michoacán, México.
Authors: Orduña Trejo Constantino , Castro Campillo Alondra , Ramírez Pulido José 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: Se examinaron 568 ejemplares de mamíferos nativos de 49 especies, procedentes de 49 localidades de la Meseta Tarasca o Sierra Purépecha del Estado de Michoacán, México. Las especies encontradas en esta región del Eje Volcánico Transversal incluyen 1 marsupial, 2 insectívoros, 17 quirópteros, 2 carnívoros, 24 roedores y 1 lagomorfo. Para calcular la diversidad de especies en los cuatro hábitats muestreados, se utilizaron las 2 especies de insectívoros y 21 de roedores. De mayor a menor diversidad, en el bosque de pino-encino se recolectaron 201 individuos de 15 especies (H’ = 2.49), en el bosque tropical caducifolio 142 de 15 especies (H’ = 2.43), en el bosque de oyamel 92 individuos de 10 especies (H’ = 2.01) y en las áreas de ecotono 52 individuos de cuatro especies (H’ = 1.15). El registro de Hylonycteris underwoodi es el primero para las partes altas del Estado de Michoacán. Abstract: We examined 568 specimens of native mammals belonging to 47 species from 49 localities of the Tarascan Plateau or Sierra Purépecha mountain range in the State of Michoacán, México. Species composition of this enclave in the Transvolcanic Belt is 1 marsupial, 2 insectivores, 17 bats, 2 carnivores, 24 rodents, and 1 lagomorph. To calculate the species diversity according to the four sampled habitats, only the 2 insectivore and 21 rodent species were included. From higher to lower diversity values, we found 201 specimens from 15 species in pine-oak forest (H’ = 2.49), 142 from 15 species in tropical deciduous forest (H’ = 2.43), 92 specimens belonging to 10 species fir forest (H’ = 2.01), and 52 from four species in an ecotonal area (H’ =1.15). Hylonycteris underwoodi is the first record for the highlands from the State of Michoacan. Key words: Mammals, distribution, diversity, Tarascan Plateau, Michoacán.
Bandas cromosómicas C de los géneros <i>Romerolagus, Sylvilagus</i> y <i>Lepus</i> (Mammalia: Lagomorpha) de México.
Authors: Lorenzo Consuelo , Cervantes Fernando A. , González Francisco X. 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: El patrón de bandas cromosómicas C de especies representantes de los tres géneros de lepóridos (conejos y liebres) que existen en México fue comparado, con el fin de analizar la variación en la cantidad de heterocromatina constitutiva y evaluar su papel en la diversificación de los lepóridos. Se observó que existen diferencias en la cantidad de heterocromatina constitutiva entre ellos. Sylvilagus presentó una mayor cantidad de este material mientras que Lepus se caracterizó por mostrar cantidades reducidas. El género Romerolagus se colocó en un lugar intermedio entre Sylvilagus y Lepus al presentar cantidades moderadas de heterocromatina. En todas las especies estudiadas la heterocromatina constitutiva se encontró alrededor del centrómero, de manera que las diferencias observadas se deben a la cantidad de heterocromatina constitutiva que presentan los géneros de lepóridos mexicanos.Abstract: The C-banded pattern of selected species representing the three Mexican leporid genera were compared. It was shown that there are noticeable differences in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin among them. Sylvilagus was characterized by large quantities, while Lepus showed small amounts of this material. Romerolagus was placed in a intermediate position by holding moderate quantities of heterochromatin. The distribution of the constitutive heterocromatin was pericentromeric in all the species examined. This suggests that the differences observed among the genera, are due to the distinct amounts of constitutive heterochromatin. Romerolagus and Sylvilagus are the most similar to each other as they share similar amounts of constitutive heterochromatin distributed in the same pattern.Palabras Clave: Bandas cromosómicas, mamíferos, lagomorfos, Romerolagus, Sylvilagus, Lepus, México.
Abundancia densidad y distribución de las poblaciones de ungulados en la Cuenca del Río Lacantún, Chiapas, México.
Authors: Citalán Jorge Eduardo Bolaños , Naranjo Eduardo Jorge 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: Entre mayo de 1998 y mayo de 1999 se estimaron la densidad, abundancia relativa y distribución del pecarí de collar (Tayasu tajacu), senso (Tayassu pecari), tapir (Tapirus bairdii), temazate (Mazama americana) y venado cola blanca (Odocoileus virginianus) en la cuenca del Rio Lacantún en la Reserva Integral de la Biósfera Montes Azules (RIBMA) y sus inmediaciones, a través de observaciones directas y conteos de rastros en transectos lineales. En un total de 426 km recorridos se localizaron 551 rastros y se hicieron 177 avistamientos directos. De estos Últimos, 129 (72.9%) correspondieron asenso, 36 (20.3%) a pecarí de collar, 7 (4.0%) a tapir y 5 (2.8%) a venado temazate y ninguno a venado cola blanca. Las abundancias relativas de estas mismas especies fueron de 0.10, 0.56, 0.33, 0.33 y 0.01 rastros/km recorrido, respectivamente. No encontramos diferencias significativas en las abundancias relativas ni entre las densidades poblacionales de las primeras cuatro especies al comparar las estaciones seca y lluviosa. En cambio, la abundancia del senso (H= 49.5; g.l.= 27; P= 0.005), pecarí de collar (H= 45.8; g.1.=27; P=O.O13) y tapir (H=56.4; g.1.=27; P=0.0008) vario entre transectos. Las densidades estimadas para tres de las cuatro especies observadas directamente dentro de la RIBMA (pecarí de labios blancos: 3.79 indíkm2; pecarí de collar 2.34 indíkm2; tapir 0.20 indíkm2) son similares a las registradas en otras localidades de Centro y Sudamérica en buen estado de conservación. Consideramos necesario realizar un monitoreo de las poblaciones de ungulados y su hábitat a largo plazo para registrar sus tendencias poblacionales y evitar la extinción local fuera de la RIBMA. Sugerimos además promover el trabajo con las comunidades locales para plantear alternativas de uso sustentable y conservación de estas y otras especies de fauna silvestre sujetas a aprovechamiento en la selva lacandona.Palabras clave: Abundancia, Chiapas, densidad, Mazama americana, Montes Azules, Odocoileus virginianus, Río Lacantún, Selva Lacandona, Tapirus bairdii, Tayassu pecari, Tayassu tajacu.
Análisis morfométrico de <i>Peromyscus difficilis felipensis</i> (Rodentia: Muridae)
Authors: Martínez-Coronel Matías , Ziehl Carolina Müdespacher , Gaona Salvador 
Published: August 2019

Resumen: Se analizó la variación morfométrica individual y geográfica de Peromyscus difficilis felipensis, con base en 13 variables craneales obtenidas de 352 ejemplares, que representan a 29 localidades de toda el área de distribución del taxón. Sus poblaciones aisladas se localizan en las montañas del centro de Oaxaca, Distrito Federal, Morelos y Estado de México. Los resultados mostraron que no existen diferencias entre los sexos para ninguna de las cinco categorías de edad consideradas. Por otra parte se encontró que la mayoría de las variables aumentaron de manera significativa con la edad alcanzando el estado adulto a partir de la edad IV. La variación geográfica fue evaluada entre seis grupos. Los resultados indican que los ejemplares de Oaxaca fueron los de menor talla y los de Zempoala los más grandes, aunque no hubo una separación clara entre todas las poblaciones, ya que los ejemplares de Hueyapan, Morelos, fueron morfológicamente similares a los de Oaxaca. Debido a la distribución disyunta de las poblaciones y a que éstas son morfológicamente similares, consideramos que un análisis de variación molecular y de compatibilidad reproductiva serán necesarios para determinar la relación genética que existe entre estas poblaciones. Palabras clave: Morfometría, variación geográfica, Peromyscus difficilis, Oaxaca. Abstract: Morphometrical analyses of 13 cranial variables, measured in 352 specimens, were conducted to test non-geographic and geographic variation in Peromyscus difficilis felipensis. This subspecies has a discontinuous distribution through the mountains of central Oaxaca and central Mexico, including the states of Distrito Federal, Morelos and Mexico. Univariate analysis failed to show significant differences between the sexes. On the other hand, significant differences were found among the five age categories, with the adult age reached at age four. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to explore the geographic variation in six geographic groups. The results of these analysis showed that the smaller mice were from Oaxaca while the larger were from Zempoala, though no clear division among the groups exists, because the mice from Hueyapan, Morelos were morphometrical closer to the Oaxacan sample than to others. Because this taxon has discontinuous distribution and their populations were similar morphologically, it is necessary to evaluate the molecular variation and reproductive compatibility among these populations to determine their genetic relationships. Key words: Morphometrics, geographic variation, Peromyscus difficilis, Oaxaca.