bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Knowledge to Support Climate Action: A Framework for Sustained Assessment. Report of an Independent Advisory Committee on Applied Climate Assessment
Authors: Moss R. H. , Avery S. , Baja K. , Burkett M. , Chischilly A. M. , Dell J. , Fleming P. A. , Geil K. , Jacobs K. , Jones A. , Knowlton K. , Koh J. , Lemos M. C. , Melillo J. , Pandya R. , Richmond T. C. , Scarlett L. , Snyder J. , Stults M. , Waple A. M. , Whitehead J. , Zarrilli D. , Ayyub B. M. , Fox J. , Ganguly A. , Joppa L. , Julius S. , Kirshen P. , Kreutter R. , McGovern A. , Meyer R. , Neumann J. , Solecki W. , Smith J. , Tissot P. , Yohe G. , Zimmerman R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
As states, cities, tribes, and private interests cope with climate damages and seek to increase preparedness and resilience, they will need to navigate myriad choices and options available to them. Making these choices in ways that identify pathways for climate action that support their development objectives will require constructive public dialogue, community participation, and flexible and ongoing access to science- and experience-based knowledge. In 2016, a Federal Advisory Committee (FAC) was convened to recommend how to conduct a sustained National Climate Assessment (NCA) to increase the relevance and usability of assessments for informing action. The FAC was disbanded in 2017, but members and additional experts reconvened to complete the report that is presented here. A key recommendation is establishing a new nonfederal “climate assessment consortium” to increase the role of state/local/tribal government and civil society in assessments. The expanded process would 1) focus on applied problems faced by practitioners, 2) organize sustained partnerships for collaborative learning across similar projects and case studies to identify effective tested practices, and 3) assess and improve knowledge-based methods for project implementation. Specific recommendations include evaluating climate models and data using user-defined metrics; improving benefit–cost assessment and supporting decision-making under uncertainty; and accelerating application of tools and methods such as citizen science, artificial intelligence, indicators, and geospatial analysis. The recommendations are the result of broad consultation and present an ambitious agenda for federal agencies, state/local/tribal jurisdictions, universities and the research sector, professional associations, nongovernmental and community-based organizations, and private-sector firms.
Estimating Annual Births to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen–Positive Women in the United States by Using Data on Maternal Country of Birth
Authors: Koneru Alaya , Schillie Sarah , Roberts Henry , Sirotkin Barry , Fenlon Nancy , Murphy Trudy V. , Nelson Noele P. 
Published: April 2019

Objective: A national estimate of births to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)–positive women can help public health programs plan surveillance, educational, and outreach activities to improve identification and management of at-risk women and infants. Stratifying mothers by country of birth allows for the application of region-specific HBsAg prevalence estimates, which can more precisely estimate the number of at-risk infants. The objective of our study was to estimate the number of births to HBsAg-positive women in the United States with more granularity than previous models. Methods: We developed a model that incorporated maternal country of birth (MCOB) and updated HBsAg prevalence estimates. We assessed birth certificate data by MCOB, and we stratified US-born mothers by race/ethnicity, US territory–born mothers by territory, and non–US-born mothers by region. We multiplied and summed data in each subcategory by using HBsAg prevalence estimates calculated from the 2009-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys or Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Program. We compared the findings of our MCOB model with a race/ethnicity model. Results: In 2015, an estimated 20 678 infants were born to HBsAg-positive women in the United States, representing 0.5% of all births. Births to US-born and non–US-born women comprised 77.2% and 21.5% of all births, respectively, and 40.1% and 57.9% of estimated births to HBsAg-positive women, respectively. The estimated contribution of births to HBsAg-positive women varied by MCOB region, from 4 (0.03%) infants born to women from Australia/Oceania to 5795 (28.0%) infants born to women from East Asia. Our MCOB model estimated 5666 fewer births to HBsAg-positive women than did the race/ethnicity model. Conclusions: As global vaccine programs reduce HBsAg prevalence, the MCOB model can incorporate evolving HBsAg prevalence estimates for women from various regions of the world.
Short-course olanzapine to prevent delayed emesis following carboplatin/paclitaxel for gynecologic cancer: a randomised study
Authors: Celio Luigi , Saibene Gabriella , Lepori Stefano , Festinese Fabrizio , Niger Monica , Raspagliesi Francesco , Lorusso Domenica 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To explore efficacy of short-course olanzapine with or without low-dose dexamethasone for prevention of delayed emesis in gynecologic cancer patients receiving carboplatin/paclitaxel. Methods: This was a prospective study in 81 chemo-naive patients receiving 0.25 mg intravenous palonosetron, 16 mg dexamethasone, and 10 mg oral olanzapine before chemotherapy. On days 2 and 3, patients randomly received 10 mg olanzapine (arm A; n=27), 10 mg olanzapine plus 4 mg dexamethasone (arm B; n=27), or 8 mg dexamethasone (reference arm C; n=27). The primary endpoint was total control (TC; no vomiting, no rescue antiemetics, and no nausea) on days 2–5, using a diary. Secondary endpoints included proportion of patients with no emesis impact on daily life using the Functional Living Index–Emesis (FLIE) questionnaire, and patient’s satisfaction with antiemetic coverage. Results: Fifty-two percent of patients in arm A ( P=0.406), 59% in arm B ( P=0.779), and 67% in arm C had a delayed TC. Secondary analyses showed no significant difference across arms in any efficacy endpoint. FLIE scores as well as mean satisfaction scores were similar across arms. Conclusions: In this exploratory study with a small sample size, we did not find any clue about better control of delayed emesis with either olanzapine regimen in gynecologic cancer patients treated with carboplatin/paclitaxel and receiving the same prophylaxis for acute emesis.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis associated with multiple primary malignant tumors in non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients
Authors: Jiang Yanan , Miao Zhaoyi , Wang Jinhuan , Chen Jing , Lv Yangyang , Xing Donghui , Wang Xiaofang , Wang Yafei , Cao Zeng , Zhao Zhigang 
Published: April 2019

Objective: Patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occasionally present with multiple primary malignant tumors (MPMTs). This study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics, survival, and risk factors of these patients. Methods: The median follow-up of 92 patients was 13.5 months (range 0.3–72). Overall, 21 patients had synchronous MPMTs and 71 had metachronous MPMTs. We classified patients in the latter group into metachronous first group (n=27) and metachronous second group (n=44). Results: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was the most frequent histologic lymphoma type. The digestive system was the commonest site affected by the solid cancer. The 1- and 2-year survival rates were 86.5% and 70.5%, respectively. The overall survival (OS) rates were 67.9% and 36.2% at 2 and 3 years, respectively, in the metachronous first group; 73.8% and 73.8%, respectively, in the metachronous second group; and 68.1% and 56.7%, respectively, in the synchronous tumor group. There was no difference in the survival rate among the 3 groups before 2 years, but after 2 years, a shorter OS rate was observed in the metachronous first group than in the metachronous second group and synchronous tumor group. For all patients, age >60 years, male sex, and ⩾3 involved nodal sites were considered independent prognostic factors associated with survival. Conclusions: OS time was shorter in patients with NHL who developed a second tumor than in those who were diagnosed with solid cancer synchronously and second neoplasm after previous solid tumors. Long-term follow-up and effective treatment should be provided to these patients.
Complete Capsular Repair Restores Native Kinematics After Interportal and T-Capsulotomy
Authors: Baha Pardis , Burkhart Timothy A. , Getgood Alan , Degen Ryan M. 
Published: April 2019

Background: Although the use of hip arthroscopy continues to increase, capsular management remains a controversial topic. Purpose: To investigate the biomechanical effect of capsulotomy and capsular repair techniques on hip joint kinematics in varying combinations of sagittal and coronal joint positions. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eight fresh-frozen hemi-pelvises (78.3 ± 6.0 years of age; 4 left, 6 male) were dissected of all overlying soft tissue, with the exception of the hip joint capsule. The femur was potted and attached to a load cell, while the pelvis was secured to a custom-designed fixture allowing static alteration of the flexion-extension arc. Optotrak markers were rigidly attached to the femur and pelvis to track motion of the femoral head with respect to the acetabulum. After specimen preparation, 7 conditions were tested: (1) intact, (2) after portal placement (anterolateral and midanterior), (3) interportal capsulotomy (IPC) (35 mm in length), (4) IPC repair, (5) T-capsulotomy (IPC +15-mm longitudinal incision), (6) partial T-repair (repair of longitudinal incision with IPC left open), (7) full T-repair. All conditions were tested in 15° of extension (–15°), 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of flexion. Additionally, all flexion angles were tested in neutral, as well as in specimen-specific maximum abduction and adduction, resulting in 15 testing positions. Internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) moments of 3 N·m were manually applied to the femur via the load cell at each position. Rotational range of motion and joint kinematics were recorded. Results: In the neutral coronal plane, T-capsulotomy significantly increased IR/ER rotational range of motion compared with intact state at −15° (55.96°± 6.11° vs 44.92°± 7.35°, P < .001), while IPC significantly increased rotation compared with the portal state at 0° (60.09°± 6.82° vs 51.68°± 10.35°, P = .004). No statistically significant increases were found in mediolateral joint translation after IPC or T-capsulotomy. Similarly, no statistically significant increases were noted in anteroposterior translation after IPC or T-capsulotomy. Complete capsular repair restored near native joint kinematics, with no significant differences in rotation or translation between any complete capsular repair groups and the intact state, regardless of joint position. Conclusion: Universally, across all conditions, complete capsular repair after interportal or T-capsulotomy restored rotational range of motion and joint translation to values observed in the native joint. Clinical Relevance: Where feasible, complete capsular closure should be performed, especially after T-capsulotomy. However, further clinical evaluation is required to determine whether adverse kinematic parameters of an unrepaired capsule are associated with reduced patient-reported outcomes.
Pricing Footraces in the United States: An Application of Hedonic Pricing to the Running Industry
Authors: Grant Randy R. , Teahan Brittany 
Published: April 2019

Footraces, as a market commodity, are a curious thing. Nonrunners often ask racers why they pay to engage in an activity that they could do on their own at a much lower cost (both in terms of money and time), not recognizing that races offer unique attributes obtainable only through organized events. Employing more than 1,200 observations from 199 running races that occurred in 2015, this analysis uses a standard hedonic pricing model to identify both demand and supply side factors that determine the final price of a race event across the United States. Results suggest that late registration, race distance, the existence of complementary distances within the race, and the inclusion of a race shirt and/or medal with the paid entry increase the price of the race. Early registration, the number of years a race has been in existence, and a nonpaved race surface have a negative and statistically significant effect on the entry fee. JEL Classifications: Z20, Z21
Latinx Mental Health in the Mexican Consulate: Addressing Barriers Through Social Good
Authors: Helu-Brown Paula , Barrio Concepcion 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: This article examines an innovative mental health program in the largest Mexican consulate in the United States guided by a social good organizing framework and an intersectionality lens. The mental health program, Modulo de Salud Mental, was designed to address barriers to help seeking. Methods: The Modulo used the central characteristics of the social good model, such as innovative collaborations between systems that otherwise do not typically collaborate and burgeoning technologies to overcome barriers for service utilization among this population. We conducted a qualitative study to examine how the Modulo addressed structural and cultural barriers to care. Results: The salient themes from interviews were classified into four categories: current political situation, reasons for seeking services, prior barriers to care addressed by program, and perceived benefits of the program. Conclusions: Findings suggest that the Modulo's services and convenient location in an unconventional setting can serve as a model for promoting social good by facilitating help seeking and alleviating illness burden for this immigrant community.
Standard and accelerated corneal cross-linking long-term results: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hashemi Hassan , Mohebbi Masoomeh , Asgari Soheila 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: To compare long-term results between accelerated and standard corneal cross-linking protocols in the treatment of progressive keratoconus and compare their effectiveness between central (cone in the central 3 mm) and peripheral (cone beyond 3 mm) cases. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, we compared 31 eyes treated with accelerated corneal cross-linking (18 mW/cm2, 5 min) and 31 eyes treated with standard corneal cross-linking (3 mW/cm2, 30 min), 16 central and 11 peripheral keratoconus in each group. In this report, 4-year changes in vision, refraction, topography, corneal biomechanics, and corneal cell count were evaluated. Results: Uncorrected distance visual acuity improvement was better with standard corneal cross-linking (0.19 ± 0.30 logMAR) than accelerated corneal cross-linking (0.08 ± 0.35 logMAR), but the intergroup difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.283). Cylinder and spherical equivalent significantly increased similarly in both groups. Among topographic indices, anterior Kmax-3 mm showed more reduction in standard corneal cross-linking than accelerated corneal cross-linking (1.35 ± 1.39 vs 0.36 ± 1.10 D, p = 0.011). Anterior Kmax-8 mm reduced by 1.50 ± 1.82 and 0.37 ± 1.58 D in the standard corneal cross-linking and accelerated corneal cross-linking groups, respectively (p = 0.029). Compared to 18-month results, none of the indices at 4 years showed any significant intergroup difference (all p > 0.05). In cases with peripheral keratoconus, changes in anterior Kmax-3 mm (+0.03 ± 0.66 vs −1.17 ± 1.15 D, p = 0.012) and anterior Kmax-8 mm (+0.43 ± 1.09 vs −1.57 ± 1.40 D, p = 0.003) were greater with standard corneal cross-linking. In central cases, no significant intergroup difference was observed. Conclusion: At 4 years after the procedure, standard corneal cross-linking offered better anterior corneal flattening in the center and periphery. These differences concerned cases of peripheral keratoconus, and the two protocols were similarly effective in central cases. Beyond the 18th month, the two protocols appeared to be similarly effective.
Dietary Pattern and Their Association With Level of Asthma Control Among Patients With Asthma at Al-Shifa Medical Complex in Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: el Bilbeisi Abdel Hamid Hassan , Albelbeisi Ali , Hosseini Saeed , Djafarian Kurosh 
Published: April 2019

Background: This study was conducted to identify major dietary patterns and their association with level of asthma control among patients with asthma in Gaza Strip, Palestine. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among a representative sample of Palestinian patients with asthma (both sex, aged 19-64 years) receiving care in chest department at Al-Shifa Medical Complex. Asthma control level was obtained using asthma control test. Data regarding other variables were obtained using an interview-based questionnaire and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: Two major dietary patterns were identified including (1) Prudent pattern characterized by a high intake of whole grains, beans and legumes, fish and shellfish products, vegetables, tomatoes, fruits, and vegetable oils, and (2) Western pattern characterized by a high intake of refined grains, red meat, poultry, fast foods, eggs, low-fat dairy product, high-fat dairy products, hydrogenated fats, olive, sugar, sweets, desserts, and snacks. After adjustment for confounding variables, patients in the lowest tertile (T1) of Prudent pattern had a lower odds for poorly controlled asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 0.044, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.002-1.316], P value < 0.05), whereas patients in the lowest tertile (T1) of Western pattern had a higher odds for poorly controlled asthma (OR = 2.499, 95% CI = [1.288-4.850], P value < 0.05), compared with those in the highest tertile (T3). Conclusion: A Prudent pattern may be associated with a lower prevalence of poorly controlled asthma, whereas a Western pattern may be associated with a higher prevalence of poorly controlled asthma.
“He too will become a nation and he too will become great”: The information needs of the “Bnei Menashe” immigrant community in Israel as capability
Authors: Shomron Baruch , Schejter Amit 
Published: April 2019

The “Bnei Menashe” are a marginalized community that immigrated from India to Israel. The community has diverse information needs, yet they are characterized by difficulties that prevent them from acquiring vital information. In this study, we utilized Sen’s (1993) “capabilities approach” as well as Friedland et al. (2012) “critical information needs” for the identification of the Bnei Menashe’s information capabilities, and the ways in which they answer them. The study was conducted using semi-structured individual in-depth interviews. The findings of the study relate that the Bnei Menashe succeed only partially in realizing the capability of being informed. This is a result of the partial technological exclusion that characterizes the community. This is a first-of-its-kind study, as the Bnei Menashe have not been studied methodically. Furthermore, the utilization of the capabilities approach represents a major contribution to existing communication theories, as the approach allows for a more wholesome understanding of the role of information and communication technologies in society.
Early corticosteroid treatment for postoperative acute lung injury after lung cancer surgery
Authors: Choi Hayoung , Shin Beomsu , Yoo Hongseok , Suh Gee Young , Cho Jong Ho , Kim Hong Kwan , Choi Yong Soo , Kim Jhingook , Zo Jae Ill , Shim Young Mog , Jeon Kyeongman 
Published: April 2019

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is the most serious pulmonary complication after lung resection. Although the beneficial effects of low-dose corticosteroids have been demonstrated in patients with postoperative ALI, there are limited data on optimal corticosteroid treatment. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 58 patients who were diagnosed with ALI among 7593 patients who underwent lung cancer surgery between January 2009 and December 2016. Results: Of the 58 patients, 42 (72%) received corticosteroid treatment within 72 h (early treatment group) and 16 (28%) received corticosteroid treatment more than 72 h after ALI occurred (late treatment group). The early treatment group demonstrated a higher response to corticosteroid treatment compared with the late treatment group (95% versus 69%, respectively, p = 0.014), had an improved lung injury score (86% versus 63%, p = 0.072), and were more likely to be successfully weaned from the ventilator within 7 days (57% versus 39%, p = 0.332). During corticosteroid treatment, the early treatment group had a lower rate of delirium (24% versus 63%, p = 0.012) compared with the late treatment group. No significant differences in length of stay (30 versus 37 days, p = 0.254) or in-hospital mortality (43% versus 38%, p = 0.773) were observed; however, the early treatment group tended to have a higher rate of successful weaning than the late treatment group ( p = 0.098, log-rank test). Conclusions: Early initiation of corticosteroid treatment improved lung injury and promoted ventilator weaning in patients with ALI following lung resection for lung cancer.
The Effect of Daily Use of Plantar Mechanical Stimulation Through Micro-Mobile Foot Compression Device Installed in Shoe Insoles on Vibration Perception, Gait, and Balance in People With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Kang Gu Eon , Zahiri Mohsen , Lepow Brian , Saleem Nimrah , Najafi Bijan 
Published: April 2019

Objective: People with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) have impaired gait and balance performance. The aim of this study is to investigate therapeutic effectiveness of mechanical stimulation through a wearable foot compression device equipped in a shoe insole on vibration perception, balance control and gait performance in people with DPN. Methods: Using a single-arm 4-week intervention study design, we examined effectiveness of daily use of shoes equipped with the foot compression device (Footbeat™, AVEX, Grand Junction, CO, USA) on improving vibration perception threshold (VPTmax), skin perfusion pressure (SPP), ankle brachial index (ABI), lower extremities edema (circumferences in the calf and ankle), and motor performance (postural sway with eyes open and closed conditions, and gait performance during normal, dual-task and fast walking). Thirty people with type 2 diabetes and symptoms of PN completed the experimental protocol. Results: Improvements in VPTmax (before = 27.4 V, after = 23.3 V, P = .007, d = 0.33, where d denotes effect size), center-of-mass sway in the mediolateral direction with both eyes open and closed conditions (before = 0.94 cm, after = 0.76 cm, P = .020, d = 0.47; before = 1.10 cm, after = 0.83 cm, P = .033, d = 0.66, respectively), and stride velocity for normal walking, dual-task walking and fast walking tasks (before = 0.87 m/s, after = 0.96 m/s, P = .017, d = 0.41; before = 0.75 m/s, after = 0.91 m/s, P = .001, d = 0.77; before = 1.10 m/s, after = 1.20 m/s, P = .043, d = 0.33, respectively) were found post treatment. There was no significant improvement in SPP, ABI, and circumferences in the calf and ankle. Conclusions: Our findings suggest the wearable foot compression device may be effective for reducing neuropathic symptoms and enhancing motor performances in people with DPN.