bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Postoperative Pneumonia Developing After Discharge on Long‐Term Follow‐up for Resected Lung Cancer
Authors: Shinohara Shuichi , Sugaya Masakazu , Onitsuka Takamitsu , Machida Kazuhiko , Matsuo Masaki , Tanaka Fumihiro 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative nosocomial pneumonia is a common immediate complication following lung resection. However, the incidence and mortality of pneumonia developing after discharge (PDAD) for lung‐resected patients during long‐term observation remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features of PDAD in patients with resected lung cancer.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of 357 consecutive patients with lung cancer who had undergone lung resection at a single institution, between April 2007 and December 2016. The clinical characteristics, pathological features, and overall survival were analyzed. Propensity score matched analysis was used for the evaluation of overall survival between PDAD and non‐PDAD groups with adjusted relevant confounding factors.ResultsPDAD was observed in 66 patients (18.5%). The cumulative incidence of PDAD was 14.9% at 3 years and 21.6% at 5 years. Mortality of PDAD was 30.3%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the risk factors for PDAD were age (OR 1.07; P = 0.005), oral steroid use (OR 5.62; P = 0.046), and lower‐lobe resection (OR 1.87; P = 0.034). After propensity score matching, 52 patients with PDAD and 52 patients without it were compared. The incidence of PDAD resulted in a worse 5‐year overall survival (56.1 vs. 69.3%; P = 0.024). The Cox proportional hazards model indicated that PDAD was associated with poor overall survival (HR 1.99, P = 0.027).ConclusionsOur findings revealed a high incidence and mortality of PDAD among patients who had undergone lung resection with long‐term follow‐up. Therefore, PDAD could be associated with poorer overall survival.
A meta‐analysis of group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions for adolescents with depression
Authors: Keles Serap , Idsoe Thormod 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThe aim of this meta‐analysis was to systematically examine the short‐ and long‐term effects of group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for adolescent depression and to examine the role of various moderators of the reported effect sizes. A comprehensive literature search of relevant randomized‐controlled trials identified 23 studies containing 49 post‐intervention and 56 follow‐up comparisons. Standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated both for post‐intervention and follow‐up. A three‐level random effects approach was used to model the dependent effect sizes. Group CBT was more efficacious than control conditions both at post‐intervention (SMD = −0.28, 95% CI [‐0.36, −0.19]) and at follow‐up (SMD = −0.21, 95% CI [‐0.30, −0.11]). Having an inactive control group was associated with a larger post‐intervention effect size, while having a longer follow‐up duration was associated with a smaller follow‐up effect size. Even though the effect sizes are low, research suggests that group CBT is a significant treatment for adolescent depression.
Decompression and Instrumentation without Fusion for Spinal Metastases: Loosening Rate and Consequences
Authors: Chong-chung Chan , Martin Wong Chung-ting , Eleanor Wen , Wing-ngai Yim , Hung-on Cheng , Ka-kin Cheung 
Published: June 2018

Background/Purpose For patients with spinal metastases, decompression surgery was usually followed by instrumentation without fusion. Over time, mechanical stress would lead to loosening of implants. Yet, there is a lack of studies concerning the loosening rate, or the impact on patients when the implants are loosened. We aim at finding the postoperative loosening rate of implant, postoperative survivorship of patients, as well as their correlation with the mode of instrumentation. Methods A retrospective study including patients with metastatic spinal cord compression, who received decompression and instrumentation without fusion in a local hospital in Hong Kong from 2007 to 2014 was carried out. Patients with primary spinal tumour or prior spinal fusion were excluded. Demographics, tumour characteristics, mode of instrumentation, loosening rate of implants, as well as survivorship of patients were retrieved. Radiographs at 1 year postoperation were counter-examined by 2 Orthopaedic specialists on the Electronic Patient Record System. Results Total of 65 operations were retrieved. The age ranged from 27 to 84 years old. The most frequent primary source of malignancy was lung (26.5%), followed by breast (24.62%). Thoracic level (60%) was the most frequent site of spinal metastases. The survivorship at 1 year postoperation was 61.54%. The overall loosening rate of implants was 44.44%, with the Luque rods and sublaminar wire system being the most (70%). None of the cases required revision or removal of implants at 1 year postoperation. Conclusion The loosening rate of implants was high, and it is expected to grow even higher as oncological patients continue to improve in their survivorship with the medical advances such as target therapy. Yet there is still no definite evidence on how the implant loosening would affect patients’ quality of life and clinical performance.
Bistability in the rotational motion of rigid and flexible flyers
Authors: Huang Yangyang , Ristroph Leif , Luhar Mitul , Kanso Eva 
Published: June 2018

We explore the rotational stability of hovering flight in an idealized two-dimensional model. Our model is motivated by an experimental pyramid-shaped object (Weatherset al.,J. Fluid Mech, vol. 650, 2010, pp. 415–425; Liuet al.,Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 108, 2012, 068103) and a computational$\wedge$-shaped analogue (Huanget al.,Phys. Fluids, vol. 27 (6), 2015, 061706; Huanget al.,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 804, 2016, pp. 531–549) hovering passively in oscillating airflows; both systems have been shown to maintain rotational balance during free flight. Here, we attach the$\wedge$-shaped flyer at its apex in oscillating flow, allowing it to rotate freely akin to a pendulum. We use computational vortex sheet methods and we develop a quasi-steady point-force model to analyse the rotational dynamics of the flyer. We find that the flyer exhibits stable concave-down ($\wedge$) and concave-up ($\vee$) behaviour. Importantly, the down and up configurations are bistable and co-exist for a range of background flow properties. We explain the aerodynamic origin of this bistability and compare it to the inertia-induced stability of an inverted pendulum oscillating at its base. We then allow the flyer to flap passively by introducing a rotational spring at its apex. For stiff springs, flexibility diminishes upward stability but as stiffness decreases, a new transition to upward stability is induced by flapping. We conclude by commenting on the implications of these findings for biological and man-made aircraft.
A note on the secondary load cycle for a monopile in irregular deep water waves
Authors: Riise Bjørn Hervold , Grue John , Jensen Atle , Johannessen Thomas B. 
Published: June 2018

Laboratory experiments with a bottom hinged surface-piercing cylinder, exposed to irregular deep water waves, are used to investigate high-frequency forcing. The focus is on the secondary load cycle, a strongly nonlinear phenomenon regarding the wave load on a vertical cylinder, first identified by Grue et al. (1993 Preprint Series. Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, pp. 1–30. University of Oslo, available at http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-52740; 1994 Ninth International Workshop on Water Waves and Floating Bodies (ed. M. Ohkusu), pp. 77–81, available at http://iwwwfb.org). For a total of 2166 single wave events, the force above $3\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}$ (where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D714}$ is the governing wave frequency) is used to identify and split the strongly nonlinear forces into two peaks: a high-frequency peak closely correlated in time with the wave crest when the total load is positive and a high-frequency peak defining the secondary load cycle which occurs close in time to the wave zero downcrossing when the total load is negative. The two peaks are studied by regression analysis as a function of either the Keulegan–Carpenter number ($KC$) or the Froude number ($Fr$). Regarding the secondary load cycle, the best correlation is found with $Fr$. The speed of the travelling edge of the undisturbed wave approximates the fluid velocity. A threshold value separating between small and large forces is found for $KC\sim 4$–5, indicating effects of flow separation. Alternatively, the threshold occurs for $Fr\sim 0.3$–0.4, indicating local wave effects at the scale of the cylinder diameter. The findings suggest that both effects are present and important.
Q fever: an under-reported reportable communicable disease
Authors: Kaufman Harvey W. , Chen Zhen , Radcliff Jeff , Batterman Hollis J. , Leake John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective of this study was to provide real-world clinical laboratory-based data to supplement Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reporting of Q fever. We analysed titre results of specimens submitted to a large US clinical laboratory for Coxiella burnetii IgG antibody testing from 2010 through 2016. Presumptive Q fever was defined as acute (phase II IgG titre ⩾1:128, phase I titre <1:1024) or chronic (phase I IgG titre ⩾1:1024), based on the results from a single serum specimen. During 2010–2016, an average of 328 presumptive acute Q fever cases were identified at Quest each year, nearly three times the annual average reported to the CDC (122). During the same period, the number of chronic cases identified annually at Quest Diagnostics (34) was similar to that reported to the CDC (29). These findings suggest that CDC data may underestimate the incidence of acute Q fever.
National outbreak ofSalmonellaGive linked to a local food manufacturer in Malta, October 2016
Authors: Donachie A. , Melillo T. , Bubba L. , Hartman H. , Borg M.-L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSalmonellaGive is a rare serotype across Europe. In October 2016, a national outbreak ofS.Give occurred in Malta. We describe the epidemiological, environmental, microbiological and veterinary investigations. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on human, food, environmental and veterinary isolates. Thirty-six human cases were reported between October and November 2016, 10 (28%) of whom required hospitalisation. Twenty-six (72%) cases were linked to four restaurants.S.Give was isolated from ready-to-eat antipasti served by three restaurants which were all supplied by the same local food manufacturer. Food-trace-back investigations identifiedS.Give in packaged bean dips, ham, pork and an asymptomatic food handler at the manufacturer; inspections found inadequate separation between raw and ready-to-eat food during processing. WGS indicated two genetically distinguishable strains ofS.Give with two distinct clusters identified; one cluster linked to the local food manufacturer and a second linked to veterinary samples. Epidemiological, environmental and WGS evidence pointed towards cross-contamination of raw and ready-to-eat foods at the local manufacturer as the likely source of one cluster. Severity of illness indicates a high virulence of this specific serotype. To prevent future cases and outbreaks, adherence to food safety practices at manufacturing level need to be reinforced.
Geography but not alternative host species explain the spread of raccoon rabies virus in Vermont
Authors: Nadin-Davis S. A. , Fu Q. , Trewby H. , Biek R. , Johnson R. H. , Real L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn North America, the raccoon-associated variant of rabies virus (RRV) is of special concern, given its relatively rapid spread throughout the eastern USA and its potential public health impact due to high raccoon host densities in urban areas. Northward expansion of this epizootic included an outbreak in the Canadian province of Quebec in 2006–2009 due to trans-border spread from the State of Vermont. To inform a more proactive approach to future control efforts, this study uses phylogenetic analyses to explore the role of geography and alternative carnivore hosts in the dynamics of RRV spread within Vermont. Specifically, we sought to examine whether striped skunks, a species frequently infected by RRV, could be part of the maintenance host community. Whole genome sequencing of 160 RRV samples from Vermont and neighbouring US states were used for fine-scale phylogeographic analyses. Results, together with the complete surveillance record of raccoon rabies since its entry into Vermont in 1994, document incursions by two distinct viral lineages and identify topographical features of the landscape which have significantly influenced viral spread, resulting in a complex distribution pattern of viral variants throughout the state. Results of phylogenetic cluster analysis and discrete state reconstruction contained some evidence of skunk-to-skunk and skunk-to-raccoon transmission but overall failed to support a role for skunks as alternative maintenance hosts.
Patient Presentation Trends at 15 Mass-Gathering Events in South Australia
Authors: Anikeeva Olga , Arbon Paul , Zeitz Kathryn , Bottema Murk , Lund Adam , Turris Sheila , Steenkamp Malinda 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionMass gatherings are complex events that present a unique set of challenges to attendees’ health and well-being. There are numerous factors that influence the number and type of injuries and illnesses that occur at these events, including weather, event and venue type, and crowd demographics and behavior.ProblemWhile the impact of some factors, such as weather conditions and the availability of alcohol, on patient presentations at mass gatherings have been described previously, the influence of many other variables, including crowd demographics, crowd behavior, and event type, is poorly understood. Furthermore, a large number of studies reporting on the influence of these variables on patient presentations are based on anecdotal evidence at a single mass-gathering event.MethodsData were collected by trained fieldworkers at 15 mass gatherings in South Australia and included event characteristics, crowd demographics, and weather. De-identified patient records were obtained from on-site health care providers. Data analysis included the calculation of patient proportions in each variable category, as well as the total number of patient presentations per event and the patient presentation rate (PPR).ResultsThe total number of expected attendees at the 15 mass gatherings was 303,500, of which 146 presented to on-site health care services. The majority of patient presentations occurred at events with a mean temperature between 20°C and 25°C. The PPR was more than double at events with a predominantly male crowd compared to events with a more equal sex distribution. Almost 90.0% of patient presentations occurred at events where alcohol was available.Conclusion:The results of the study suggest that several weather, crowd, and event variables influence the type and number of patient presentations observed at mass-gathering events. Given that the study sample size did not allow for these interactions to be quantified, further research is warranted to investigate the relationships between alcohol availability, crowd demographics, crowd mobility, venue design, and injuries and illnesses.Anikeeva O, Arbon P, Zeitz K, Bottema M, Lund A, Turris S, Steenkamp M. Patient presentation trends at 15 mass-gathering events in South Australia. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(4):368–374.
Multilingual SMS-based author profiling: Data and methods
Authors: FATIMA MEHWISH , ANWAR SABA , NAVEED AMNA , ARSHAD WAQAS , NAWAB RAO MUHAMMAD ADEEL , IQBAL MUNTAHA , MASOOD ALIA 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn the recent years, many benchmark author profiling corpora have been developed for various genres including Twitter, social media, blogs, hotel reviews and e-mail, etc. However, no such standard evaluation resource has been developed for Short Messaging Service (SMS), a popular medium of communication, which is very useful for author profiling. The primary aim of this study is to develop a large multilingual (English and Roman Urdu) benchmark SMS-based author profiling corpus. The proposed corpus contains 810 author profiles, wherein each profile consists of an aggregation of SMS messages as a single document of an author, along with seven demographic traits associated with each author profile: gender, age, native language, native city, qualification, occupation and personality type (introvert/extrovert). The secondary aims of this study include the following: (1) annotating the proposed corpus for code-switching annotations at the lexical level (approximately 0.69 million tokens are manually annotated for code-switching) and (2) applying the stylometry-based method (groups of sixty-four features) and the content-based method (twelve features) for gender identification in order to demonstrate how our proposed corpus can be used for the development and evaluation of various author profiling methods. The results show that the content-based character 5-gram feature outperformed all the other features by obtaining the accuracy score of 0.975 andF1score of 0.947 for gender identification while using the entire corpus. Furthermore, our proposed corpora (SMS–AP–18 and code-switched SMS–AP–18) are freely and publicly available for research purpose.
Pain-related distress among patients referred to a community-based palliative care program
Authors: Riggs Alexa , Breuer Brenda , Patel Vaishali , Harounian Joshua , Chen Jack , Dhingra Lara , Portenoy Russell K. , Knotkova Helena 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveNumerous studies have characterized the pain reported by patients with advanced illness in terms of descriptors such as severity, but few have measured pain-related distress. Distress may be important in the clinical approach to pain. To evaluate pain-related distress among adult patients with advanced illness and pain following enrollment in an urban, specialist-level, community-based palliative care program.MethodIn a retrospective cross-sectional analysis, data were extracted from the electronic health records of all patients who were able to complete the pain item from the Condensed Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale at the start of care. Bivariate and multivariate analyses evaluated the associations between distress and both sociodemographics and disease-related information.ResultsThe 506 patients completing the pain item had a mean (SD) age of 70.7 years (13.8); 64.2% were women, 32.1% were Hispanic, 32.6% were white, and 27.7% were black. Of the 503 patients who indicated some level of distress on a 0–4 scale, 221 (43.7%) had high distress, defined as a score ≥3 (“quite a bit” or “very much”). Cancer diagnosis and poor performance status (unable to care for self) were predictors of high pain-related distress (both p &lt; 0.05).Significance of resultsAmong patients with advanced illness who reported pain at the start of care by a specialist palliative care program, high pain-related distress was common, particularly among those with cancer or poor physical function. Further studies are needed to explore the extent to which pain-related distress should inform the assessment and management of pain.
Late Brahms, Ancient Modes
Authors: Todd R. Larry 
Published: June 2018

History has often viewed Brahms as a Janus-faced composer who turned his gaze backward to contemplate the accumulated riches of music history even as he sought late in his career to exploit new means of musical expression. On the one hand, he habitually collected passages from a long line of composers that breached the traditional prohibition against parallel fifths and octaves; he exchanged ideas with musicologists such as Nottebohm, Mandyczewski and Adler, and read early issues of theVierteljahrsschrift für Musikwissenschaft; and he indulged from time to time in a distinctive musical historicism. But on the other hand, his music was embraced for showing a way forward for a number of next-generation composers who would contend with twentieth-century modernism, most notably of course Schoenberg, in his essay ‘Brahms the Progressive’, but also Anton von Webern, whose transitional Passacaglia op. 1 was unthinkable without the precedent of Brahms’s op. 90, and whose aphoristic miniatures betrayed the concentrated expression and opening up of register in Brahms’s lateKlavierstücke.This essay considers one still relatively little-explored facet of Brahms’s historical gaze – his use of modes in his later music, and their potential for creating alternative means of musical organization that challenged, and yet were somehow compatible with, tonality. Examples considered include the first movement of the Clarinet Trio op. 114 and slow movement of the String Quintet no. 2 op. 111. Unlike Brahms’s earlier compositions that treat modes as signifiers of a style of folk music or simulated folk music, the later instrumental works seem to juxtapose principles of modal organization within the context of tonal compositions. Thus, in the first movement of the Clarinet Trio, eerie passages infauxbourdonimpress as allusions to a distant, archaic musical other, as if Brahms the historian were searching for the distant roots of his musical aesthetic.
Rotman lens design and optimization for 5G applications
Authors: Ershadi S. E. , Keshtkar A. , Bayat A. , Abdelrahman A. H. , Xin H. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe next generation of wireless networks (5G) employs directional transmission at millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies to provide higher bandwidth and faster data rates. This is achieved by applying antenna arrays with proper beam steering capabilities. Rotman lens has long been used as a lens-based beamformer in electronically scanned arrays and its efficient design is important in the overall performance of the array. Minimizing the phase error on the aperture of the antenna array is an important design criterion in the lens. In this paper, a 7 × 8 wideband Rotman lens is designed. Particle swarm optimization is applied to minimize the path length error and thereby the phase error. The optimized lens operates from 25 to 31 GHz, which covers the frequency bands proposed by the Federal Communications Commission for 5G communications. The proposed optimized lens shows a maximum phase error of <0.1°. The proposed Rotman lens is a good candidate to be integrated with wideband microstrip patch antenna arrays that are suitable for 5G mmW applications.