bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement Coordination: Factor Structure of Development in 5th-7th Grade Girls
Authors: Ivashchenko O. , Prykhodko V. , Cieslicka M. 
Published: March 2018

The study objective is to determine the structure of coordination abilities development in 5th-7th grade girls. Materials and methods. The participants in the study were 5th grade girls (n = 20), 6th grade girls (n = 23), 7th grade girls (n = 19). The study used the following methods: analysis and collation of scientific and methodological literature, general scientific methods of theoretical level, such as analogy, analysis, synthesis, abstraction, induction, as well as general scientific methods of empirical level: observation, testing, experiment. To evaluate motor preparedness, the study recorded the results of motor tests, body height and weight. The IBM SPSS 20 statistical analysis software was used to process the study materials. A factor analysis was performed, for which the study used principal component analysis with the rotation method: Variamax with Kaiser Normalization. Results. The analysis of similarities shows that the most informative tests in the structure of motor preparedness of the 5th grade girls are the following: test 11 “Evaluation of the ability for vestibular (statokinetic) stability. Running with turns” (.884), test 9 “Static equilibrium evaluation by E. Ya. Bondarevsky’s method” (.826), test 6 “Evaluation of the sense of movement speed in sprinting” (.824); of the 6th grade girls — test 11 “Evaluation of the ability for vestibular (statokinetic) stability. Running with turns” (0.884), test 9 “Static equilibrium evaluation by E. Ya. Bondarevsky’s method” (.826), test 6 “Evaluation of the sense of movement speed in sprinting” (.824); of the 7th grade girls — test 8 “Evaluation of the ability to differentiate movement speed (reproduction accuracy of running speed at 90% intensity of maximum)” (.902), test 11 “Evaluation of the ability for vestibular (statokinetic) stability. Running with turns” (.900), test 1 “30 m running (s)” (.869). Conclusions. In the structure of coordination abilities of the 5th-7th grade girls, the most informative components are the sense and differentiation of running speed, vestibular stability in exercises that require static and dynamic equilibrium. To carry out pedagogical control of coordination preparedness of 5th-7th grade girls, the study recommends using the following tests: test 11 “Evaluation of the ability for vestibular (statokinetic) stability. Running with turns”, test 9 “Static equilibrium evaluation by E. Ya. Bondarevsky’s method”, test 6 “Evaluation of the sense of movement speed in sprinting”.
Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lingkungan Berdasarkan Penampilan Produksi Empat Bangsa Sapi pada Ketinggian Berbeda di Provinsi Lampung
Authors: Suretno Nandari Dyah , Purwanto Bagus Priyo , Priyanto Rudy , Supriyatna Iman 
Published: March 2018

Each cattle breed can grow optimally at suitable environmental condition. bali cattle has better thermoregulation ability in incompaing with ongole crossbreed cattle in lowland. Simental or limousin cattle is from temperate zone with cold temperature area and intensive breeding management. Based on those considerations, this research aimed was to investigate the production performance of bali cattle, ongole crossbreed, limousine crossbreed and simental crossbreed cattle at different altitudes and seasons in Lampung Province. Research used adult female cattle consisting of 82 bali cattle, 138 ongole crossbreed cattle, 54 limousin crossbreed cattle and 32 simental crossbreed cattle. The observed variables as production response were body height, chest size and Body Condition Score (BCS). Data was then analyzed using Randomized Complete Design. Based on body size (height and chest circumference) and BCS, it can be concluded that the Bali cattle suitable to be developed in the lowlands, ongole crossbreed cows in the highlands, limousine crossbreed in the lowlands and simmental crossbreed suitable to be developed in both the lowlands and highlands.
ABSTRAK
Sapi bali mempunyai kemampuan termoregulasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sapi peranakan ongole di dataran rendah. Sapi simental atau limousin terbiasa hidup di daerah dengan suhu udara yang dingin dan tatalaksana pemeliharaan intensif. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kemampuan produksi sapi bali, sapi peranakan ongole, sapi peranakan limousin, dan peranakan simental pada beberapa ketinggian tempat dan musim yang berbeda di Provinsi Lampung. Materi yang digunakan adalah sapi betina dewasa: yaitu sapi bali 82 ekor, sapi peranakan ongole 138 ekor, sapi peranakan limousin 54 ekor, dan sapi peranakan simental 32 ekor. Peubah yang diamati untuk respons produksi adalah tinggi badan, lingkar dada, dan Body Condition Score (BCS). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan ukuran tubuh (tinggi dan lingkar dada) serta BCS, sapi bali cocok dikembangkan di dataran rendah. Sapi PO mempunyai ukuran tubuh sama pada ketiga ketinggian tempat namun BCS terbaiknya di dataran tinggi. Sapi peranakan limousin ternyata penampilan produksi terbaiknya baik musim hujan maupun musim kemarau di dataran rendah. Sementara sapi peranakan simental cocok dikembangkan di dataran rendah dan dataran tinggi.
PERGUNTA-CRIANÇA: UMA ESTRATÉGIA DE APRENDER (E ENSINAR) CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Dalmaso Alice Copetti , De Oliveira Marilda Oliveira , Corrêa Guilherme Carlos 
Published: March 2018

Crianças abalam teorias, problemas, verdades, as formas e fôrmas. Inspirado num modo de pensar-criança é que estes escritos se resumem em compartilhar sobre um processo investigativo o qual apresenta como foco a possibilidade de produzir uma estratégia de aprender e ensinar ciências através das perguntas-máquinas das crianças (DELEUZE; GUATTARI, 1997). Essa investigação foi desenvolvida em espaços onde se atua como docente em disciplinas de cunho metodológico em ciências naturais, consistindo em incitar os/as acadêmicos/as sobre que tipo de relação eles/as estabelecem com as ciências naturais, experimentando possibilidades de serem afetados/as por perguntas-crianças. Não se deseja defender o aperfeiçoamento de aulas ou um melhoramento de estratégias de ensino, mas de encontrar na pergunta-criança uma potência para explorar outras possibilidades de movimentar as práticas de futuros professores, de aprenderem e ensinarem ciências para crianças.
Senlac, the Forgotten SAGD Project
Authors: Delamaide Eric 
Published: March 2018

Summary
The Senlac steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) project in Saskatchewan, Canada, does not have the same name recognition as its much bigger brothers in the Alberta Oil Sands, but it certainly deserves to be known better. Senlac was the first industrial SAGD project in Canada, back in 1997, and since then, it has been the site for other technological innovations such as the use of solvent in addition with steam to increase recovery and reduce the steam/oil ratio (SOR), as well as the testing of wedge wells—wells drilled between SAGD well pairs to benefit from the heat remaining in the reservoir.
The reservoir in Senlac is the Dina-Cummings of the Lower Cretaceous, and is much smaller than the McMurray formation, the site of most large-scale oil-sands projects, but the oil is only 5,000 cp; thus, it is mobile at reservoir temperature. This is a significant difference that allows well pairs to achieve excellent production and recovery even though reservoir thickness is only 8 to 16 m, well below the standard cutoff for SAGD. The presence of bottomwater under parts of the field is an added challenge to the operations.
The paper will present the field characteristics and production performances as well as the main technological developments such as the solvent-added process (SAP) and the use of wedge wells.
The paper will present a complete case study of an SAGD project in a heavy-oil reservoir where oil is mobile. Most SAGD projects so far have been conducted in bitumen, but the paper will show the potential for this technology in thinner and smaller reservoirs.
Evapotranspiration in High‐Yielding Maize and under Increased Vapor Pressure Deficit in the US Midwest
Authors: Basso Bruno , Ritchie Joe T. 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Higher maize yields do not require more water.
The transpiration efficiency approach results in biased estimates of ET in high‐yielding maize production.
Evapotranspiration does not change in higher plant populations if water supply is adequate.
Projected changes in vapor pressure deficit will not lead to greater water use in maize.
This paper describes the results of an analysis demonstrating that high yields in maize can be obtained without additional water under current and projected vapor pressure deficits. The objective of the study was to quantify evapotranspiration (ET) in high‐yielding maize under current and projected vapor pressure deficits using the energy balance contrasted with the transpiration efficiency (TE) approach. This study indicates a lack of accuracy and bias in the TE approach when future crop water requirements were estimated. High maize yields are achievable using on average 700 mm of water as demonstrated by the current record maize grain yield of 34 Mg ha−1, which is ∼23 Mg ha−1 higher than the US average. These yields are achievable with approximately the same ET even under projected changes in vapor pressure deficit, through improved genetics and optimum agronomic management.
Alfalfa Coumestrol Content in Response to Development Stage, Fungi, Aphids, and Cultivar
Authors: Fields Rachel L. , Barrell Graham K. , Gash Alan , Zhao Jenny , Moot Derrick J. 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Alfalfa cultivars still produce coumestrol contents detrimental to ewe reproduction.Coumestrol increased simultaneously across alfalfa of different development stages.Coumestrol related to fungal symptoms but prediction from symptoms was inaccurate.Coumestrol did not respond to pea aphids as severely as previously reported.
Coumestrol produced by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) can reduce the ovulation rate of ewes. This study isolated agronomic factors that affect coumestrol levels in alfalfa. Fungal diseases explained most differences in coumestrol. Alfalfa inoculated with Stemphylium vesicarium contained 169 ± 25.1 mg kg−1 dry matter (DM) compared with 3.4 ± 0.84 mg kg−1 DM in controls. However, in field‐grown alfalfa there was a low relationship (R2 = 0.388) between coumestrol content and visual fungal damage score which indicates a need for alternative methods of prediction. In the field, a range of cultivars all reached coumestrol levels reported to pose a risk to ewe reproductive performance (>25 mg kg−1 DM). In S. vesicarium‐inoculated leaves, the modern cultivar ‘Stamina 5’ had 396 ± 82.4 mg kg−1 DM compared with the 40‐yr‐old industry standard ‘Wairau’ at 143 ± 35.6 mg kg−1 DM. Flowering in isolation did not produce a coumestrol response, with increases detected or not detected simultaneously in vegetative and flowering plants. Pea aphids had a minor effect on coumestrol content. When alfalfa was subjected to ∼5 aphids per stem for 4 wk coumestrol increased from 2.4 ± 0.39 to 5.3 ± 0.65 mg kg−1 DM. This study highlights fungal pathogens traditionally not considered problematic in alfalfa stands due to limited effects on stand persistence and yield, as important causal agents of elevated coumestrol levels. Plant breeding to reduce their impact is recommended.
Predicting Nitrogen Requirements for Maize with the Dark Green Color Index under Experimental Conditions
Authors: Rhezali Abdelaziz , Purcell Larry C. , Roberts Trenton L. , Greub Chester E. 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Current N fertilizer recommendations for maize based on yield goals and soil texture do not account for native soil fertility.Assessing plant nitrogen status using the dark green color index may allow for more targeted N fertilizer recommendations.The dark green color index method averaged between 92 and 112 kg N ha−1 less than standard extension recommendations in low residual N soils.Grain yield was similar between treatments based on the dark green color index method and standard extension recommendations.
Nitrogen fertilizer recommendations for maize (Zea mays L.) should be adequate to ensure high yields but should be both economical and environmentally sound. Previous research developed algorithms using a digital camera to determine the dark green color index (DGCI) that predicted N recommendations from leaves of maize between V6 and V10. This study evaluated those algorithms by comparing them with recommendations from the University of Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service. There were no significant differences in yield between recommendations for N using the DGCI method between V6 and V10 and extension recommendations on fields with either low‐ or medium‐residual N. The DGCI method averaged about 112 and 92 kg N ha−1 less than extension recommendations in low residual N soils when 67 and 0 kg N ha−1 was applied preplant, respectively. Future research should simplify the DGCI method for use in the field and evaluate DGCI method recommendations over a range of soils and environments.
Wind Erosion Potential Influenced by Tillage in an Irrigated Potato–Sweet Corn Rotation in the Columbia Basin
Authors: Sharratt B. S. , Collins H. P. 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Irrigated agricultural lands in the Columbia Basin are highly susceptible to wind erosion.Alternatives to conventional tillage practices are needed to reduce wind erosion.Wind erosion potential was lower for reduced than conventional tillage practices.Wind erosion was most apparent after potato harvest in a potato–corn–corn rotation.Managing cover crops and tillage are key to minimizing wind erosion.
Wind erosion is a concern within the Columbia Basin of the US Inland Pacific Northwest (PNW) due to soils being sandy and retaining little residue after harvest of vegetable crops like potato. This study assessed potential wind erosion of a 3‐yr irrigated potato (Solanum tuberosum L. ‘Ranger Russet’)–sweet corn (Zea mays L. ‘Triple Super Sweet’)–sweet corn rotation subject to conventional and reduced tillage. Sediment flux was measured inside a portable wind tunnel after primary tillage of potato in autumn 2009 and sowing potato and sweet corn in spring 2010. Soil and crop residue characteristics that influence wind erosion were measured concurrently with sediment flux. Soil loss differed among crops in autumn 2009 and between tillage treatments in spring 2010. Soil loss was greater from potato (approached 1 Mg ha−1 min−1) than first or second year corn (approached 0.1 Mg ha−1 min−1) and from conventional (approached 1 Mg ha−1 min−1) than reduced tillage (approached 0.3 Mg ha−1 min−1). Simulations by the Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) showed most of the erosion over the 3‐yr rotation occurred after harvest of potato in September to the following March. Differences in soil loss among crop treatments or between tillage practices were likely due to differences in residue cover and/or silhouette area. Since wind erosion was most apparent after harvest of potato and from conventional tillage, cover crops should be established soon after harvest and reduced tillage practices adopted to protect the soil from wind erosion in the Columbia Basin.
Phosphorus Mobility and Behavior in Soils Treated with Calcium, Ammonium, and Magnesium Phosphates
Authors: do Nascimento Carlos A. C. , Pagliari Paulo H. , Faria Letícia de A. , Vitti Godofredo C. 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Humic acid coatings on monoammonium phosphate had no effect on P lability or mobility.
Struvite provided the lesser P mobility among the fertilizers tested.
There was greater P mobility in soils with high sand content and low initial pH.
The fertilizer industry has attempted to increase P mobility and lability after fertilizer application by using nonconventional phosphates or by including additives in the fertilizer formulation. We incubated granular monoammonium phosphate (MAP), sulfur‐coated MAP, humic acid‐coated MAP, triple superphosphate (TSP), ammonium potassium polyphosphate (AKPP), and ammonium magnesium phosphate (struvite) with soils from the United States and Brazil in Petri dishes for 56 d. We estimated P mobility by measuring P movement away from fertilizer granules and assessed P lability through sequential chemical fractionation of soil collected from the dishes. In addition, we monitored the change in soil pH with distance from fertilizer placed in the Petri dish. Soil pH changed in response to fertilizer additions as a function of initial soil pH. In fertilized soils, the soil pH response followed a quadratic function as the distance from the fertilizer placement site increased. Soil characteristics influenced P mobility, with mobility decreasing from the Hubbard (12% clay; pH 5.3), to Brazil (20% clay; pH 6.5), to Normania (22% clay; pH 5.5), and then Barnes (31% clay; pH 8.0) soil. The use of MAP‐based fertilizers resulted in the greatest mobility, while struvite provided the lowest mobility. In contrast, struvite granules dissolved the least resulting in the highest labile P concentrations, due to direct extraction of fertilizer P from undissolved granules (average of 73% of applied P). Comparatively, TSP provided the lowest amount of labile P (average of 52% applied P). Sulfur and humic acid‐coated MAP had no effect on P lability or mobility.
Magnetic Resonance Monitoring and Numerical Modeling of Soil Moisture during Evaporation
Authors: Merz Steffen , Balcom Bruce J. , Enjilela Razieh , Vanderborght Jan , Rothfuss Youri , Vereecken Harry , Pohlmeier Andreas 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Evaporative drying of soil columns was monitored in high resolution using NMR.
Soil moisture data were used for validating a water, vapor, and heat flow model.
The Richards approach was insufficient under Stage II conditions.
NMR is a feasible technique for soil moisture measurements under Stage II conditions.
Evaporation from bare soil surfaces can be restrained to a great extent with the development of a dry layer at the soil surface where capillary hydraulic conductance ceases and water flow proceeds only by gas phase transport. Model calculations and preliminary experiments with model porous media have shown that this surface layer can be very thin. An accurate characterization of these processes is required, which is provided by noninvasive magnetic resonance (MR) methods. The evaporative drying of a silt loam and a sandy loam was monitored at high spatial resolution in laboratory experiments. The MR data were used to assess the performance of two numerical models: (i) the Richards equation, which considers isothermal liquid water flow, and (ii) a coupled soil water, heat, and vapor flow numerical model. The experimental results reveal two distinct drying regimes for both soil types where, at the onset of the second evaporation stage, a dry surface zone developed with increasing thickness over time. This layer revealed that water loss inside the soil coincided with a relatively low evaporation rate as the liquid continuity to the soil surface vanished. The modeling results clearly demonstrated the need to consider heat and vapor flow. It was shown, as a proof of principle, that MR relaxation time spectra may serve as a proxy to follow desaturation processes where spatially resolved transverse relaxation can reveal a secondary evaporation front.
Soil Hydraulic Modeling Outcomes with Four Parameterization Methods: Comparing Soil Description and Inverse Estimation Approaches
Authors: Graham Scott L. , Srinivasan M.S. , Faulkner Nathalie , Carrick Sam 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Soil hydraulic model outcomes are sensitive to the data source used for parameterization.
Inverse parameter estimation from field data improved drainage estimates.
All parameterization methods lead to underestimation of field‐measured evaporation.
Different methods for parameterizing soil hydraulic models can lead to substantially varied predictions of soil–plant–atmosphere water fluxes. This study investigated, for a heterogeneous stony soil, four methods of soil hydraulic parameterization: (i) use of a pedotransfer function with a four‐layer soil profile based on detailed soil physical and textural description; (ii) use of a pedotransfer function with a single‐layer soil description; (iii) inverse estimation from soil moisture data; and (iv) inverse estimation from lysimeter drainage. Soil drainage, volumetric water content, and evapotranspiration were each modeled using HYDRUS‐1D for an irrigated pasture in New Zealand during the time period 1 July 2011 to 15 Mar. 2014. The first 15 mo were used for model spin‐up and inverse parameter estimation, while the remainder of the study period was used as a validation period, during which model results were compared against field data. Predictions from each model parameterization were compared with field‐measured fluxes from lysimeter, soil moisture sensors, and eddy covariance to determine the approach most appropriate for our site and application. The parameters estimated inversely from field data improved the modeling of soil drainage, leading to total drainage within 5 to 7% of the measured volume and prediction of 35 to 80% more drainage peaks than parameterizations based on detailed soil physical description. While all methods underpredicted evapotranspiration by 18 to 30% compared with eddy covariance, improvement in drainage estimates with inverse estimation from field data led to decreased capability for modeling evapotranspiration. We suggest this approach for application in other settings to select the most appropriate parameterization approach for a given soil hydraulic model application.
Actual Evapotranspiration of Unirrigated Grass in a Smart Field Lysimeter
Authors: Doležal František , Hernandez-Gomis Rebeca , Matula Svatopluk , Gulamov Mukhitdin , Miháliková Markéta , Khodjaev Sanjar 
Published: March 2018

Core Ideas
Small smart lysimeters make high‐quality research of low and dense crops easy.
FAO 56 can estimate well the reference crop ET on non‐ or mildly stressed sites.
Weather station grass (not water stressed) has lower ET than the reference crop.
Lysimeters are basic instruments for evapotranspiration measurement. This study characterized the actual evapotranspiration of unirrigated and unfertilized grass in a warm region of the Czech Republic on a Chernozem loamy soil. An SFL‐300 weighing lysimeter (diameter 0.3 m, depth 0.3 m) was used for this purpose. The suction at its bottom was maintained at the same level as in the native soil nearby. We selected 585 rainless days with regular records for the analysis of daily differences. On most days, the lysimeter‐measured actual evapotranspiration, ETa, was smaller than the Penman–Monteith FAO 56 reference crop evapotranspiration, ET0. The FAO 56 procedure was found to be a reasonable estimator of the unstressed evapotranspiration in a moderately stressed environment. The ETa/ET0 ratio and the canopy surface resistance, rs, depend on the soil water content and suction measured at 5 cm. These graphs break down into horizontal unstressed parts and declining (for ETa/ET0) or inclining (for rs) water‐stressed parts. The ratio ETa/ET0 is about 85% and rs is about 250 s m−1 when the grass is not under water stress. The annual curve of the unstressed crop coefficient has a sine shape. An energy balance criterion suggests that advection of heat is important in winter but not so much in summer. The study provides parameters of evapotranspiration for a canopy that can be found on many standard weather stations and demonstrates that high‐quality research into evapotranspiration of low, dense, and shallow‐rooting crops is possible with small lysimeters of this type.