bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Reactivity and Regioselectivity to Stereoselectivity: An Odyssey of Designing PIP Amine and Related Directing Groups for C—H Activation
Authors: Zhang Qi , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractImproving the reactivity and selectivity is a long pursuing goal in C—H functionalization reactions. In line with this goal, a well‐designed bidentate 2‐(pyridine‐yl)isopropyl amine (PIP amine) directing group was developed by our group to achieve the activation of unbiased methylene C(sp3)–H activation, which also found its broad applications in C—H activation reactions catalyzed by base metals, such as Cu, Ni, Co and Fe, to form various C—C and C—X bonds. Moreover, PIP amine has also been applied in the strategic step toward the total synthesis of aeruginosin marine natural products. Its highly tunable structure has triggered the design of a series of chiral auxiliaries for diastereoselective C—H activation. More recently, Pd(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective functionalization of unbiased methylene C(sp3)–H bonds enabled by the cooperative effects between PIP amine and chiral ligands with axially chiral binaphthyl scaffold has also been realized. In this account, we briefly summaries the journey of developing PIP amine for C—H activation, from controlling the reactivity and regioselectivity to stereoselectivity.
Survival outcomes by high‐risk human papillomavirus status in nonoropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: A propensity‐scored analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Tian Sibo , Switchenko Jeffrey M. , Jhaveri Jaymin , Cassidy Richard J. , Ferris Matthew J. , Press Robert H. , Pfister Neil T. , Patel Mihir R. , Saba Nabil F. , McDonald Mark W. , Higgins Kristin A. , Yu David S. , Curran Walter J. , Gillespie Theresa W. , Beitler Jonathan J. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe prognostic relevance of human papillomavirus (HPV) status in patients with nonoropharyngeal (OPX) squamous cell cancer (SCC) of the head and neck is controversial. In the current study, the authors evaluated the impact of high‐risk HPV status on overall survival (OS) in patients with non‐OPX SCC using a large database approach.MethodsThe National Cancer Data Base was queried to identify patients diagnosed from 2004 through 2014 with SCC of the OPX, hypopharynx (HPX), larynx, and oral cavity (OC) with known HPV status. Survival was estimated using Kaplan‐Meier methods; distributions were compared using log‐rank tests. Propensity score–matching and inverse probability of treatment weighing (IPTW) methods were used; cohorts were matched based on age, sex, Charlson‐Deyo score, clinical American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) group stage, treatments received, and anatomic subsite. Propensity analyses were stratified by group stage of disease.ResultsA total of 24,740 patients diagnosed from 2010 through 2013 were analyzed: 1085 patients with HPX, 4804 with laryngeal, 4,018 with OC, and 14,833 with OPX SCC. The percentages of HPV‐positive cases by disease site were 17.7% for HPX, 11% for larynx, 10.6% for OC, and 62.9% for OPX. HPV status was found to be prognostic in multiple unadjusted and propensity‐adjusted non‐OPX populations. HPV positivity was associated with superior OS in patients with HPX SCC with a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.61 (P < .001 by IPTW), in patients with AJCC stage III to IVB laryngeal SCC (HR, 0.79; P = .019 by IPTW), and in patients with AJCC stage III to IVB OC SCC (HR, 0.78; P = .03 by IPTW).ConclusionsPositive high‐risk HPV status appears to be associated with longer OS in multiple populations of patients with non‐OPX head and neck disease (HPX, locally advanced larynx, and OC). If prospectively validated, these findings have implications for risk stratification.
Fertility‐related experiences after breast cancer diagnosis in the Sister and Two Sister Studies
Authors: Hawkins Bressler Leah , Mersereau Jennifer E. , Anderson Chelsea , Rodriguez Juan L. , Hodgson M. Elizabeth , Weinberg Clarice R. , Sandler Dale P. , Nichols Hazel B. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundCommonly used chemotherapies can be toxic to the ovaries. To the authors’ knowledge, the majority of studies evaluating receipt of fertility counseling for women in their reproductive years have been performed in specific settings, thereby limiting generalizability.MethodsA nationwide sample of US women diagnosed with breast cancer before age 45 years completed a survey assessing the prevalence of fertility counseling. Age‐adjusted log‐binomial regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% CIs for fertility counseling.ResultsAmong 432 survivors diagnosed between 2004 and 2011, 288 (67%) had not discussed the effects of treatment on fertility with a health care provider before or during treatment. Fertility discussion was associated with younger age (PR, 3.49 [95% CI, 2.66‐4.58] for aged <35 years vs ≥40 years) and lower parity (PR, 1.81 [95% CI, 1.29‐2.53] for parity 1 vs 2). Approximately 20% of respondents reported that they were interested in future fertility (87 of 432 respondents) at the time of their diagnosis, but not all of these individuals (66 of 87 respondents) received counseling regarding the impact of treatment on their fertility, and few (8 of 87 respondents) used fertility preservation strategies. Among 68 women with a fertility interest who provided reasons for not taking steps to preserve fertility, reasons cited included concern for an adverse impact on cancer treatment (56%), lack of knowledge (26%), decision to not have a child (24%), and cost (18%).ConclusionsAcross multiple treatment settings, the majority of women of reproductive age who are diagnosed with breast cancer did not discuss fertility with a health care provider or use fertility preservation strategies. Discussing the potential impact of cancer treatment on future fertility is an important aspect of patient education.
Morphology Tuneable and Multifunctional Polystyrene‐Silicone Nano‐Composite Materials
Authors: Zhang Xiaotian , Seeger Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNanostructured materials have shown extraordinary promise for high surface area applications. Here we report the design of polystyrene (PS)‐silicone nanofilaments (SNFs) composites, which can be flexibly grown on various substrates. The high surface area achieved by the SNFs is further extended by grafting with polystyrene. By changing the polymerization conditions and post treatment methods, the morphology of grafted PS is easily tuned into three types: leaf‐shaped, bead‐shaped and well‐wrapped. The tuneable morphology of PS is optimized for oil‐water separation and photocatalytic reactions and exhibited improved performances.
Pharmacogenomics‐Driven Prediction of Antidepressant Treatment Outcomes: A Machine‐Learning Approach With Multi‐trial Replication
Authors: Athreya Arjun P. , Neavin Drew , Carrillo‐Roa Tania , Skime Michelle , Biernacka Joanna , Frye Mark A. , Rush A. John , Wang Liewei , Binder Elisabeth B. , Iyer Ravishankar K. , Weinshilboum Richard M. , Bobo William V. 
Published: April 2019

We set out to determine whether machine learning–based algorithms that included functionally validated pharmacogenomic biomarkers joined with clinical measures could predict selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) remission/response in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We studied 1,030 white outpatients with MDD treated with citalopram/escitalopram in the Mayo Clinic Pharmacogenomics Research Network Antidepressant Medication Pharmacogenomic Study (PGRN‐AMPS; n = 398), Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D; n = 467), and International SSRI Pharmacogenomics Consortium (ISPC; n = 165) trials. A genomewide association study for PGRN‐AMPS plasma metabolites associated with SSRI response (serotonin) and baseline MDD severity (kynurenine) identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DEFB1, ERICH3, AHR, and TSPAN5 that we tested as predictors. Supervised machine‐learning methods trained using SNPs and total baseline depression scores predicted remission and response at 8 weeks with area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) > 0.7 (P < 0.04) in PGRN‐AMPS patients, with comparable prediction accuracies > 69% (P ≤ 0.07) in STAR*D and ISPC. These results demonstrate that machine learning can achieve accurate and, importantly, replicable prediction of SSRI therapy response using total baseline depression severity combined with pharmacogenomic biomarkers.
Resilience to disturbance is a cross‐scale phenomenon offering a solution to the disturbance paradox
Authors: Hanna L. , Kissick A. L. , McCroskey E. , Holland J. D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractResilience is the ability of an ecosystem to return to a previous state following disturbance. Ecological communities may demonstrate resilience after long periods of time. However, short‐term outcomes of disturbance may be reduced functionality despite an increase in biodiversity, a phenomenon known as the disturbance paradox. Silvicultural management regimes are ecological disturbances that vary with the frequency of tree harvests, the age of the tree when harvested, spatial arrangement of harvest, and the area of forest removed. Therefore, they are expected to result in different levels of resilience among forest communities over time. We used the response of temperate hardwood forest beetle communities to different timber harvest treatments in a long‐term research study to test predictions of ecosystem resilience. We also aimed to determine whether this system shows evidence of the disturbance paradox. We predicted that (1) communities following harvest differ from pre‐harvest communities, (2) areas treated with even‐aged management and uneven‐aged management would show community trajectories back to pre‐harvest communities, (3) the more concentrated disturbance of the even‐aged management would lead to a lower community resilience, and (4) community change would be attributed to an increase in pest species using recently harvested wood. The communities did change after timber harvests, but while the dissimilarity between pre‐ and post‐treatment communities was the same for the two treatments, the departure and return to the pre‐harvest community state were along different community trajectories. Furthermore, communities in both treatments showed similar resilience by returning to pre‐harvest community composition at the same rate. As predicted, the abundance of species most responsible for post‐harvest community shifts were those that feed on living wood. This, along with a decrease in abundance of decaying wood decomposers, indicated that the disturbance paradox was playing out in this system.
Psychological individual differences as predictors of refugees’ local language proficiency
Authors: Asfar Dan , Born Marise Ph. , Oostrom Janneke K. , van Vugt Mark 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLearning the local language is important for the successful integration of immigrants. Previous research has identified a number of sociodemographic factors that are associated with the effectiveness of local language acquisition among immigrants, but little is known about the influence of psychological differences on immigrants’ local language acquisition. In the present research, individual differences in general mental ability (GMA), work search intention, and personality traits Conscientiousness and Openness were studied among recently arrived Syrian (n = 1054) and Eritrean (n = 500) refugees in the Netherlands. The results revealed that in addition to the effects of age of arrival, local length of stay, premigration educational attainment, and psychological distress, GMA and work search intention were positively associated with refugees’ local language proficiency. Additionally, work search intention was found to strengthen the effect of GMA on local language proficiency. No positive linear effects were observed for Conscientiousness and Openness. Some evidence was found for curvilinear relationships between psychological predictors and local language proficiency. Implications are discussed.
A Taylor basis for kinematic nonlinear real‐time simulations. Part I: The complete modal derivatives
Authors: Andersen Sebastian , Poulsen Peter Noe 
Published: April 2019

SummaryDespite todays computational power, only small nonlinear numerical substructures may be simulated in real time. The size restriction on the substructures in nonlinear finite element analysis is primarily due to the time‐consuming evaluation of the internal restoring forces, which is performed element‐by‐element in every iteration step. The present work constitutes the first of two papers presenting a method to simulate kinematic nonlinear structures more efficiently. It involves applying a reduced basis with modal derivatives representing the nonlinearities of the system in an efficient way. Previously, the modal derivatives have been determined from a set of approximate governing equations. In the present paper, a novel set of equations governing the complete modal derivatives is derived. This is done by introducing a Taylor series into the free undamped kinematic nonlinear equations of motion. Also, the approximate governing equations are improved by introducing a novel geometric restriction. By way of an example, it is shown that only the modal derivatives determined from the complete set of equations are consistent with the Taylor series. In the second paper, it is shown that the novel modal derivatives may be used in a so‐called Taylor basis and that they improve the computational time and stability significantly.
Extended reduced‐rank joint estimation of direction of arrival with mutual coupling for coherent signals
Authors: Thet Nann Win Moe , Kachroo Amit , Ozdemir Mehmet Kemal 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes an extended method for direction‐of‐arrival (DOA) estimation with unknown mutual coupling for coherent signals. The proposed method employs the forward/backward spatial smoothing to decorrelate the coherent signals in the process of rank reduction with the joint iterative subspace optimization approach. Then, the autocalibration of mutual coupling is performed based on the Capon's minimum variance criterion. Performance of the proposed method is compared with the state of the art algorithms in terms of DOA root‐mean‐square error and in terms of probability of successful estimation, where successful estimation is the case when the average of absolute DOA estimation error is within 2.5°. It is shown that the proposed method has a similar performance as the state of the art autocalibration methods while offering a lower computational complexity.
Characteristics, diagenetic evolution, and controlling factors of the Es1 deep burial high‐quality sandstone reservoirs in the PG2 oilfield, Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China
Authors: Wang Enze , Pang Xiongqi , Zhao Xiaodong , Wang Zhengjun , Wang Zhaoming , Hu Tao , Wu Zhuoya , Yang Jiaqi , Feng Yue , Zhang Zehan 
Published: April 2019

Significant achievements have been reported for deep oil and gas exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin. Among them, the Nanpu Sag has achieved good deep (greater than 3.5 km) hydrocarbon exploration results. However, the hydrocarbon formation mechanisms and the diagenetic evolution of these high‐quality sandstone reservoirs remain unclear. Mineralogical, petrographic, and fluid inclusion data were selected to investigate the deeply buried sandstone reservoir physical properties, pore systems, and diagenetic features and the main formation mechanisms of the deep high‐quality reservoirs of the Es1 (the top member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation) sandstones in the Nanpu Sag, eastern China. The results show that the Es1 sandstone reservoirs are dominated by lithic arkoses and have low porosities (average porosity 13.4%) but medium to high permeability (average permeability 188 mD). The pore systems consist of primary intergranular pores, secondary dissolution pores, and microfractures. Loss of porosity is greater due to compaction (average 20.89%) than due to cementation (average 4.82%), and dissolution contributes an improvement in porosity of approximately 5.85%. Two peaks in the inclusion homogenization temperatures were observed: The first fluid inclusion homogenization temperature term ranges from 130°C to 145°C and exhibits yellow fluorescence; the other peak occurs from 155°C to 165°C, showing green fluorescence. Eodiagenesis is due to mechanical compaction, precipitation of early calcite cements and quartz overgrowths, and dissolution of feldspar and carbonate cements. Mesodiagenesis occurs due to mechanical compaction, framework grain (mainly feldspar) dissolution, and precipitation of quartz and late carbonate cements. The main factors controlling the formation of the deep high‐quality reservoirs are the presence of a high hydrodynamic depositional environment (subaqueous distributary channel), the type of provenance (Archean granites), and the creation of secondary porosity by feldspar dissolution.
MRI Assessment of Treatment Response in HIV‐associated NAFLD: A Randomized Trial of a Stearoyl‐Coenzyme‐A‐Desaturase‐1 Inhibitor (ARRIVE Trial)
Authors: Ajmera Veeral H. , Cachay Edward , Ramers Christian , Vodkin Irine , Bassirian Shirin , Singh Seema , Mangla Neeraj , Bettencourt Richele , Aldous Jeannette L. , Park Daniel , Lee Daniel , Blanchard Jennifer , Mamidipalli Adrija , Boehringer Andrew , Aslam Saima , Leinhard Olof Dahlqvist , Richards Lisa , Sirlin Claude , Loomba Rohit 
Published: April 2019

Aramchol, an oral stearoyl‐coenzyme‐A‐desaturase‐1 inhibitor, has been shown to reduce hepatic fat content in patients with primary nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, its effect in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated NAFLD is unknown. The aramchol for HIV‐associated NAFLD and lipodystrophy (ARRIVE) trial was a double‐blind, randomized, investigator‐initiated, placebo‐controlled trial to test the efficacy of 12 weeks of treatment with aramchol versus placebo in HIV‐associated NAFLD. Fifty patients with HIV‐associated NAFLD, defined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–proton density fat fraction (PDFF) ≥5%, were randomized to receive either aramchol 600 mg daily (n = 25) or placebo (n = 25) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in hepatic fat as measured by MRI‐PDFF in colocalized regions of interest. Secondary endpoints included changes in liver stiffness using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and vibration‐controlled transient elastography (VCTE), and exploratory endpoints included changes in total‐body fat and muscle depots on dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), whole‐body MRI, and cardiac MRI. The mean (± standard deviation) of age and body mass index were 48.2 ± 10.3 years and 30.7 ± 4.6 kg/m2, respectively. There was no difference in the reduction in mean MRI‐PDFF between the aramchol group at –1.3% (baseline MRI‐PDFF 15.6% versus end‐of‐treatment MRI‐PDFF 14.4%, P = 0.24) and the placebo group at –1.4% (baseline MRI‐PDFF 13.3% versus end‐of‐treatment MRI‐PDFF 11.9%, P = 0.26). There was no difference in the relative decline in mean MRI‐PDFF between the aramchol and placebo groups (6.8% versus 1.1%, P = 0.68). There were no differences in MRE‐derived and VCTE‐derived liver stiffness and whole‐body (fat and muscle) composition analysis by MRI or DXA. Compared to baseline, end‐of‐treatment aminotransferases were lower in the aramchol group but not in the placebo arm. There were no significant adverse events. Conclusion: Aramchol, over a 12‐week period, did not reduce hepatic fat or change body fat and muscle composition by using MRI‐based assessment in patients with HIV‐associated NAFLD (clinicaltrials.gov ID:NCT02684591).
Dual effects of precipitation and evaporation on lake water stable isotope composition in the monsoon region
Authors: Hua Mingquan , Zhang Xinping , Yao Tianci , Luo Zidong , Zhou Hui , Rao Zhiguo , He Xinguang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe present the results of a 3‐year monitoring programme of the stable isotope composition of lake water and precipitation at Taozi Lake, in the East Asian monsoon region of China. Our aims were to reveal the spatiotemporal pattern of variation of stable isotopes in a small closed‐basin lake and to quantitatively determine the impacts of precipitation and evaporation on the stable isotope composition of lake water under a humid monsoon climate. In the time domain, the stable oxygen isotopic ratio of the lake water (δ18OL) exhibited substantial seasonal and interannual variations, but the isotope variations between different precipitation events substantially exceeded seasonal and interannual variations. Compared with the stable isotopes in precipitation, δ18OL was substantially positive and dL was negative. In the space domains, the lake water was homogeneously mixed. Indicated by statistic analyses, precipitation plays a dominant role in dynamic of the lake stable isotope during precipitation events of relatively large magnitude, whereas the effect of evaporation is dominant during smaller precipitation events. Results advance our understanding of the stable isotope change rule in the process of lake water evaporation, and it is helpful to identify the climatic significance recorded in stable isotopic compositions of lake bottom sediments.
Evaluating the design and conduct of teaching, education, and dissemination of knowledge learning experiences: A survey of American Society of Health System Pharmacists (ASHP)‐accredited postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency programs (TEDKLE—PGY1 survey)
Authors: Darko William , Fancher Jenna L. , Feldman Elizabeth A. , Krasniak Anne E. , Miller Christopher D. , Probst Luke A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionA postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency is designed to build upon the Doctor of Pharmacy education. The American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) accreditation standards, along with the competency areas, goals, and objectives (CAGOs), list four required competency areas for the design of pharmacy residency programs. The fourth required competency area goals and objectives (CAGO R4) focuses on the development of residents' skills related to teaching, education, and dissemination of knowledge. A characterization of current programs' approaches to satisfying this CAGO might stimulate improvements and spread innovation.ObjectivesTo better characterize how PGY1 pharmacy residency programs incorporate teaching experiences in the training of residents.MethodsThe authors developed a survey to address the goals and objectives under CAGO R4. The survey was distributed to residency program directors (RPDs) of ASHP‐accredited PGY1 pharmacy residency programs and responses were voluntary. All data were analyzed descriptively to determine frequency (n) and percent (%).Results21.9% of RPDs surveyed completed the survey, with a wide variation in program demographics. The most common presentations were to pharmacy staff/students (65.6%) and consisted of poster presentations (81.8%) or platform presentations (74.9%). The most common writing experiences included chart notes (94.6%) and drug monographs (88.7%). In regard to precepting, the majority (82.8%) of programs require their residents to co‐precept one to two pharmacy students per residency year. Finally, approximately half of the respondents required their residents to complete a teaching certificate program, with an additional 62.6% of these programs offering pedagogical readings.ConclusionDespite offering a number of experiences aimed at achieving the goals and objectives of CAGO R4, considerable variation exists in the design of the experiences offered and how programs assess the residents' learning experiences.