bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ultrastructural damage of Eugenia zeyheri and Syzygium legatii acetone leaf extracts on pathogenic Escherichia coli
Authors: Famuyide Ibukun M. , Fasina Folorunso O. , Eloff Jacobus , McGaw Lyndy J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are commonly added to livestock feeds in sub-therapeutic doses as growth promoters and for prophylaxis against pathogenic microbes, especially those implicated in diarrhoea. While this practice has improved livestock production, it is a major cause of antimicrobial resistance in microbes against livestock and humans. This has led to the banning of prophylactic antibiotic use in animals in many countries. To compensate for this, alternatives have been sought from natural sources such as plants. While many studies have reported the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants with potential for use as phytogenic/botanical feed additives, little information exists on their mode of action. This study is based on our earlier work and describes ultrastructural damage induced by acetone crude leaf extracts of Syzygium legatii and Eugenia zeyheri (Myrtaceae) active against diarrhoeagenic E. coli of swine origin using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and fluorescent microscopy (FM). Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to investigate the chemical composition of plant extracts.Results: The extracts damaged the internal and external anatomy of the cytoplasmic membrane and inner structure at a concentration of 0.04 mg/mL. Extracts also led to an increased influx of propidium iodide into treated bacterial cells suggesting compromised cellular integrity and cellular damage. Non-polar compounds such as α-amyrin, friedelan-3-one, lupeol, and β-sitosterol were abundant in the extracts.Conclusions: The extracts of S. legatii and E. zeyheri caused ultrastructural damage to E. coli cells characterized by altered external and internal morphology. These observations may assist in elucidating the mode of action of the extracts.
Treatment of calcaneal fracture with calcaneal reduction forceps and external fixation
Authors: Jianchuan Wang , Song Qin , Tienan Wang , Chongjun Xia 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background:The optimal treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures remains controversial.Conservative treatment has been proven to be ineffective for these fractures. Usually,surgical treatment methods include open reduction and internal fixation, arthroscopic-assisted reduction,balloon dilatation and plasty.However,there is no consensus on which methods are more effective.This paper reports the clinical effect of the minimally invasive treatment of calcaneal fractures by closed reduction using calcaneal plastic reduction forceps combined with threaded-pin external fixation. Method:The clinical data of 16 patients,including 14 males and 2 females,with a unilateral calcaneal fracture were analysed retrospectively.The Bohler angle,Gissane angle,and calcaneal width, height and length were measured before and after the operation.The ankle function was evaluated according to the AOFAS score at 6 and 12 months after the operation. Result:The average Bohler angle was 16.7 before the operation and 25.8 after correction; the average angle at the final follow-up was 25.2. The average Gissane angle before and after the operation was 103.6 and 120.9, respectively; the average angle measured at the final follow-up was 119.6. The average calcaneal width before and after the operation was 39.5 mm and 35.2 mm, respectively; the average width measured at the final follow-up was 36.5 mm. The average height before and after the operation was 46.9 mm and 48.5 mm; the average height measured at the final follow-up was 48.9 mm.The average length before and after the operation was 67.5 mm and 71.2 mm, respectively; the average length measured at the final follow-up was 70.9 mm. The average AOFAS score was 60.1 at 6 months after the operation and 80.6 at 12 months after the operation, which was significantly higher than the average AOFAS score at 6 months after the operation (P < 0.001).At the final follow-up, the AOFAS score was excellent, good, moderate,and poor in 11 cases, 3 cases,1 case and 1 case,respectively,with a rate of excellent and good scores of 87.5%. Conclusion:The application of closed reduction using calcaneal plastic reduction forceps combined with threaded-pin external fixation is effective for the treatment of displaced calcaneal fractures, with a simple procedure, minimal trauma, fewer skin and soft tissue complications, and satisfactory clinical results.
Disorders of carnitine metabolism in premature infants with fan-associated pneumonia
Authors: Garmaeva V. V. , Dementieva G. M. , Kushnareva M. V. , Baydakova G. V. , Sukhorukov V. S. , Keshishyan E. S. , Zakharova E. Yu. 
Published: September 2019

We studied the concentration of carnitine and its fractions in peripheral blood in 22 premature infants with fan-associated pneumonia and in 20 conditionally healthy premature infants by tandem mass spectrometry. The birth body weight of children was 2,086.32 ± 117.13 and 2,140.9 ± 74.4 g, gestational age was 33.7 ± 0.41 and 34.16 ± 0.51 weeks, respectively. The concentration of total carnitine was at the lower limit or decreased in 10 (45%) children in the acute period of the disease. 4 newborns with fan-associated pneumonia demonstrated persistent carnitine deficiency: the content of free carnitine was very low: 7.47 – 8, 37 μmol/l (7.97 ± 0.197 μmol/l), the concentration of total carnitine was also reduced (21.55 – 22.01 μmol/l, 21.7 ± 0.366 μmol/l). The fractions of acylcarnitines varied widely throughout the disease. One child had high rates of C18OH (0.282 μmol/l; norm 0–0.110 μmol/l) and C18:1OH (0.282 μmol/l; norm 0–0.180 μmol/l) during the entire neonatal period. It could be associated with mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency. The study of total carnitine and its fractions in premature infants with fan-associated pneumonia allowed us to identify violations of its metabolism, both secondary and hereditary at early stage.
New approaches to the prevention of recurrent respiratory diseases in preschool age
Authors: Krasnozhen V. N. , Zakirova A. M. , Malanicheva T. G. , Rashitovа E. L. 
Published: September 2019

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of the natural terpenoids complex in preschool children with recurrent acute respiratory infections (ARI).Material and methods. There were examined 7129 children of 3-7 years old, they were divided into 3 groups. In main group (n = 2400) there was endonasally (on the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity with cotton buds) used a complex of natural terpenoids 2 times a day (morning and evening) 5 days a week for 1 - 3 months. Prevention and treatment of children from the comparison group (n = 2,379) was carried out with dioxotetrahydroxy tetrahydronaphthalene. The control group consisted of children (n = 2,350), who received no therapy. Upon completion of the course of therapy, children were examined in dynamics.Results. The authors noted positive clinical effect of the natural terpenoid complex, as evidenced by a 1.6 times decrease in acute respiratory infections during the year and the duration of the acute episode of the disease by 2.5 days, as well as a positive effect on the elimination of Epstein Barr virusin frequently ill children when using drug for 65.51 ± 2.98 days. The authors observed a favorable clinical effect against the decrease in neutrophils and eosinophils in the rhinocytogram, as well as mixed flora and cocci, indicating a decrease in mucosal neutrophilic inflammation and prevention of bacterial complications.
The mode of the climacogram estimator for a Gaussian Hurst-Kolmogorov process
Authors: Dimitriadis Panayiotis , Koutsoyiannis Demetris 
Published: September 2019

AbstractGeophysical processes are often characterized by long-term persistence. An important characteristic of such behaviour is the induced large statistical bias, i.e. the deviation of a statistical characteristic from its theoretical value. Here, we examine the most probable value (i.e. mode) of the estimator of variance to adjust the model for statistical bias. Particularly, we conduct an extensive Monte Carlo analysis based on the climacogram (i.e. variance of the average process vs. scale) of the simple scaling (Gaussian Hurst-Kolmogorov) process, and we show that its classical estimator is highly skewed especially in large scales. We observe that the mode of the climacogram estimator can be well approximated by its lower quartile (25% quantile). To derive an easy-to-fit empirical expression for the mode, we assume that the climacogram estimator follows a gamma distribution, an assumption strictly valid for Gaussian white noise processes. The results suggest that when a single timeseries is available, it is advantageous to estimate the Hurst parameter using the mode estimator rather than the expected one. Finally, it is discussed that while the proposed model for mode bias works well for Gaussian processes, for higher accuracy and non-Gaussian processes, one should perform a Monte Carlo simulation following an explicit generation algorithm.
GDP Growth and Health Care Expenditures Worldwide
Authors: Stepovic Milos 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Impact of large recessions on GDP growth is well documented and their effect on Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth is definitive. Health care expenditure is growing everywhere in the world. The most important factors such as GDP, income per capita, health system factors, urbanization, aging, and socio-demographic factors are well determined and described.

Objective:
The main aim of this literature review is the summation of all factors affecting the GDP and healthcare expenditure. The second aim is presenting the bigger picture of the multifactorial connection between all impacts on healthcare expenditure. The last aim is proposing possible strategies for the development of sustainable health systems.

Conclusion:
Tracking the economic trend changes is necessary. Government investments in health must be as large as countries can afford due to the population aging, non-communicable disease and treatment, and pharmacological innovations. The cost-effectiveness estimates and Hierarchical task analyses are among some plausible solutions for making informed resource allocation decisions.
The effectiveness of CIRC learning model and PQ4R learning model on reading comprehension skills of elementary school students
Authors: Wahyuningsih Asih , Kiswaga Godlove Elioth 
Published: September 2019

This study aims at identifying the effectiveness of Cooperative Integrated Reading Composition (CIRC) Learning Model on Reading Comprehension Skills, the Preview Question Read Reflect Recite Review (PQ4R) Learning Model on Reading Comprehension Skills and the differences in terms of effectiveness between the two learning models on the Reading Comprehension Skills of Grade V students in elementary school. The study was quasi-experimental research with pretest, posttest non-equivalent group design. The sample for this study was taken from Grade V students from Task Force 1 Lendah Kulon Progo. Simple random sampling technique was applied to select samples. Then, in order to identify the effectiveness of CIRC Learning Model and PQ4R Learning Model collected data were analysed by running the t-test and the ANOVA with the assistance of SPSS software version 22. The results of the study show that both CIRC and PQ4R have been effective for exercising the Reading Comprehension Skills with significance rate 0.000 < 0.050. However, both models are insignificant for exercising the Reading Comprehension Skills to the Grade V students with significance rate 0.828 > 0.050.
Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Brazil’s Public Health Care: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Lima Ana Paula , Nascimento Isabella Oliveira , Oliveira Anne Caroline A , Martins Thiago Henrique S , Pereira Danielle A Gomes , Britto Raquel Rodrigues 
Published: September 2019

Background
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the main causes of hospitalization and death worldwide, therefore, the implementation of programs to reduce its impact is necessary. Supervised cardiac rehabilitation has been shown to have positive effects on CAD control. However, there are barriers to patient participation in the traditional, face-to-face cardiac rehabilitation programs, mainly in low-resource environments.

Objective
This study aimed to verify patient compliance to a home-based cardiac rehabilitation program, which includes unsupervised health education and physical exercises, guided by telephone. Moreover, we compare this new method to the traditional supervised cardiac rehabilitation offered in most hospital centers.

Methods
We present here a two-arm, single-blinded, and randomized controlled design protocol, which compares the traditional cardiac rehabilitation (CenterRehab) with the home-based cardiac rehabilitation (Home-Based) in 72 patients affected by CAD. The primary outcome is the compliance to the cardiac rehabilitation sessions. The secondary outcomes (to evaluate effectiveness) include measurable variables such as functional capacity, CAD risk factors (blood pressure, waist circumference, glycemic, cholesterol levels, depressive symptoms, and the level of physical activity), the patient’s quality of life, the disease knowledge, and the morbidity rate. Parameters such as the program cost and the usability will also be evaluated. The programs will last 12 weeks, with a total of 60 rehabilitation and 6 educational sessions. Patients of the CenterRehab program will participate in 24 supervised sessions and 36 home sessions, while the patients of the Home-Based program will participate in 2 supervised sessions and 58 home sessions, guided by telephone. After the 12-week period all participants will be recommended to continue practicing physical exercises at home or at a community center, and they will be invited for re-evaluation after 3 months. The outcomes will be evaluated at baseline, and after 3 and 6 months.

Results
Participants are currently being recruited for the trial. Data collection is anticipated to be completed by October 2019.

Conclusions
This is the first study in Brazil comparing the traditional cardiac rehabilitation approach with a novel, home-based protocol that uses an accessible and low-cost technology. If positive results are obtained, the study will contribute to establish a new and viable model of cardiac rehabilitation.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03605992; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03605992

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/13901
An Epidemiological Study on Mutrakricchra W.S.R. to Etiological Consideration
Authors: Paul Smita , Jain Ashutosh Kumar 
Published: September 2019

Ayurveda not only offers curative approaches but it also highlighted various health problems of human life. The basic principle of Ayurveda deals around towards the maintenance of optimum health status. It is always advisable that the ancient principle should always be correlated with the newer theories of medical science to acquire desired healthcare system. Novel inventions and ideas need to be utilizes to fulfill the gap between traditional knowledge and current technologies. Considering importance of Ayurveda science present article described Mutrakricchra Nidana as per Ayurveda perspectives.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Mutrakricchra, Nidana, Descriptive epidemiology.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOGNOSTICAL STUDIES OF ANOGEISSUS ACUMINATA
Authors: Yadav Vijay Kumar , Irchhiaya Raghuveer , Ghosh A. K. 
Published: September 2019

Medicinal plants are one of the oldest valuable sources of medicine provide by nature to mankind. Medicinal plants are one of the important sources of research of new drugs. Many medicinal plants and herbs hold their prestigious position in the field of natural medicine among which Anogeissus acuminata belonging to family Combretaceae was vital one.
In the present study was intended to evaluate various physicochemical, phytochemical standards like TLC, HPTLC and Pharmacognostic parameters which will be helpful to ensure the purity, safety and efficacy of the medicinal plant.
Anogeissus acuminata was subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, done to estimate as foreign organic matter, morphological evaluation. Total ash values, physicochemical, Thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPTLC phytochemical analysis and secondary metabolites present in the plant were investigated for the extract.
All physiochemical properties were found within the measureable amount as foreign organic matter less than 1% w/w, Total ash values was 12 % w/w with respect to air-dried crude drug. Moisture content was 3.074. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), HPTLC studies were carried for the better isolation and identification of the different components of ethanolic extract. HPTLC carried out in the solvent system - Toluene: Ethyl acetate: Acetic acid (4:3:1). The report of HPTLC indicates the presence of sixteen spots. Preliminary phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of plant extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids glycosides, tannins and phenolic compounds.
KEYWORDS: TLC, HPTLC, Phytochemical characterization, Anogeissus acuminata
Comparative Study of Antihypertensive Drugs Amlodipine Besylate /Metoprolol Succinate and Nebivolol Hydrochloride /Valsartan Combinations in Bilayer Tablets
Authors: Arunkumar Selvi - , Srinivas L. , Satyavati D. , Emmanuel C. 
Published: September 2019

The present research is an approach to develop a formulation platform that shall help in minimizing the time and effort taken to develop a drug delivery system. Taking bilayer tablet technology as a representation for drug delivery system, well accepted antihypertensive drugs, Amlodipine besylate and Metoprolol succinate were considered as model drugs for the study. Initially the process variables like concentration of the disintegrants, Sodium starch Glycolate and cross carmellose sodium, Polymers HPMC K100M and K4M were standardized with these drugs so that the incorporation of a new combination drugs would provide predictable results with a minimal trial runs. Nebivolol hydrochloride and Valsartan were considered as test drugs since they are novel antihypertensive drug combination and their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters were almost similar to that of the model drugs. The r value 0.98943 indicates a good correlation between the release profile of Amlodipine besylate (model drug) and Nebivolol hydrochloride (test drug) from the IR layer. Similarly, the r value in the range of 0.9998 indicates a good correlation between the release profile of Metoprolol succinate (model drug) and Valsartan (test drug) from the SR layer. The comparable experimental results of the model drugs and test drugs considered for this study infer that if two drugs are similar in their physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters, their behavior with respect to in vitro parameters will be similar provided formulation variables remains constant. This concept could be productive in developing drug delivery system for new drugs for which extensive research and time are major constraints.
Keywords: Bilayer tablets, fixed unit dosage form, Amlodipine besylate, Metoprolol Succinate Nebivolol hydrochloride, Valsartan.
Formulation and Evaluation of Bilayer Matrix Tablets of Nebivolol Hydrochloride and Valsartan
Authors: Arunkumar Selvi , Srinivas L. , Satyavati D. , Emmanuel C. 
Published: September 2019

The present study is an attempt to develop bilayer matrix tablets of Nebivolol Hydrochloride and Valsartan with immediate release for Nebivolol Hydrochloride and sustained release for Valsartan. Superdisintegrants such as sodium starch glycolate and Crosscarmellose sodium were evaluated for immediate release of Nebivolol Hydrochloride and polymers HPMC K100M and K4M for sustained release of Valsartan. Preformulation studies were performed prior to compression. The compressed bilayer tablets were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content and in vitro drug release using USP dissolution apparatus type 2 in 0.01N HCl and phosphate buffer pH 6.8. All the pre and post compression parameters were found to be within the acceptable limits. The results of dissolution show that the formulations B3 was the best of all immediate and sustained release layer batches. The release kinetics of Valsartan was subject to curve fitting analysis in order to identify the best fit kinetic model. The regression analysis proves that the best formulations follow zero order release and drug release by diffusion process based on Fick’s law of diffusion. The data for stability studies infer no considerable change in drug content and dissolution rates as per ICH guidelines. The best formulation B3 was subjected to in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rabbit model. In vitro, In vivo correlation (IVIVC) showed considerable linearity. Hence a novel bilayer tablet formulation of Nebivolol Hydrochloride and Valsartan was successfully developed by combining both immediate (IR) and sustained (SR) release layers.
Keywords: Bilayer tablets, fixed unit dosage form, Nebivolol hydrochloride, Valsartan, LC-MS analysis.
Anti-Osteoclastic Effect of Zinc Studied in MCF-7 Induced Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Nagalakshmi K , Shila S , Rasappan P 
Published: September 2019

Bone which a key structural support of the body, undergoes dynamic micro structural remodelling all over life to control automatic stress and calcium requirement in the body. A number of risk factors including oxidative stress, apoptosis and abnormal intracellular Ca2+ metabolism have been postulated to play a function in the inception and progress of bone osteolysis. Cancer cells establish a tight relationship with the host tissue, secreting factors that stimulate or inhibit bone cells, receiving signals generated from the bone remodelling activity, and displaying some features of bone cells. This interplay between tumour and bone cells alters the physiological bone remodelling, leading to the generation of a vicious cycle that promotes bone metastasis growth. Zinc is one of the most relevant minerals to human health, because of its antioxidant properties. The present study was aimed to investigate protective role of zinc against bone metastasis. In the present study, TRAP positive multinucleated cell count was low compared to CM treated cells. Zinc treatment suppressed MCF-7 induced mRNA levels of cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1), TRAP and Cathepsin-K. Hence, it can be concluded that zinc decreases osteoclastogenesis induced by MCF-7 cells.
Keywords: Oxidative stress; Metastasis; Bone remodelling; Zinc.