bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HAK ANAK DAN PERLINDUNGAN ANAK
Authors: Dhiu Konstantinus Dua 
Published: November 2024

Anak adalah amanah sekaligus karunia Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang senantiasa yang harus kita jaga karena dalam dirinya melekat harkat, dan hak-hak sebagai manusia yang harus dijunjung tinggi. Hak asasi anak merupakan bagian dari hak asasi manusia yang termuat dalam undang-undang dasar 1945 dan konvensi perserikatan bangsa-bangsa tentang hak-hak anak. Dari sisi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara, anak adalah masa depan bangsa dan generasi penerus cita-cita bangsa, sehingga setiap anak berhak atas kelangsungan hidup, tumbuh, dan berkembang, berpartisipasi serta berhak atas perlindungan dari tindak kekerasan dan diskrimininasi serta hak sipil dan kebebasan.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Meskipun Undang-undang No. 39 tahun 1999 tentang Hak Asai Manusia telah mencantumkan tentang hak anak, pelaksanaan kewajiban dan tanggung jawab orang tua, keluarga, masyarakat, pemberintah, dan Negara, untuk memberikan perlindungan pada anak masih memerlukan suatu UU mengenai perlindungan anak sebagai landasan yurdisi bagi pelaksanaan kewajiban dan tanggung jawab tersebut. Dengan demikian, pembentukan UU ini didasarkan pada pertimbangan bahwa perlindungan anak dalam segala aspeknya merupakan bagian dari kegiatan pembangunan nasional, khususnya dalam memajukan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara.
Two simple ways to make taxonomic diagnoses more useful
Authors: Packer Laurence 
Published: November 2024

Diagnoses are important aspects of description and identification processes, but they often do not make it clear whether they are useful for a particular specimen. I suggest that diagnoses always be accompanied by overt statements as to what taxonomic group the new taxon is being compared with, and whether it is a geographically, morphologically or ecologically restricted subset. I term the group to which the diagnosis overtly relates the reference group. Further, a paper that provides the features that the reference group must possess has the potential for being more broadly useful. For example, if the reference group is a subtribe but the authors explain how to separate that subtribe from all others in the subfamily, then a user must be able to identify only the subfamily before finding potentially useful information in the paper. I term this often more expansive taxon the recognition group.
For 313 newly described insect genera for which diagnoses were provided, I assess the taxonomic level and number of genera in both the reference and recognition groups. The two groups were identical in almost half of the cases, were at the same taxonomic level but geographically or morphologically restricted in less than 9% and at a higher taxonomic level in the remainder. When authors explained how to identify the reference group from a larger recognition group, the number of genera from which the new one could be differentiated increased by a factor of more than four.
I make a series of recommendations on how diagnoses can be improved based upon analyses of reference and recognition groups.
Association of Past Smoking Status With Gout in Māori People in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Fanning Niamh C. , Pearson John F. , Dalbeth Nicola , Watson Huti , Merriman Tony R. , Stamp Lisa K. 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveEvidence for an association of smoking with gout is conflicting. We assessed associations of current and past smoking with gout in an Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) population.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression analysis was performed on cross-sectional data from participants of NZ Māori (from 2 studies: Genetics of Gout in Aotearoa [GGA] study of 293 participants with gout and 431 without; and Ngāti Porou Hauora [NPH] study of 111 participants with gout and 42 without), Pacific people (257 participants with gout and 357 without), and European (694 participants with gout and 688 without) ancestry.ResultsCurrent smoking was not associated with gout in NZ Māori (GGA: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.54,P= 0.13; NPH: aOR 3.02,P= 0.10), Pacific people (aOR 0.64,P= 0.21), or European (aOR 0.92,P= 0.80) cohorts. Ex-smoker status was associated with higher gout prevalence in Māori cohorts (GGA: aOR 1.71,P= 0.02; NPH: aOR 7.95,P< 0.001), but not in Pacific people (aOR 1.10,P= 0.69) or European (aOR 1.18,P= 0.22) cohorts. Associations were independent of age, sex, BMI, alcohol intake, kidney function, hypertension, diabetes, physical activity, sugary drink consumption, education, and employment. No association of smoker status with serum urate concentrations was observed in participants without gout.ConclusionEx-smoker status was associated with higher gout prevalence in people of NZ Māori ancestry. No association of current smoking with gout was observed across ancestral groups, raising uncertainties about the relevance of an association specific to ex-smokers.
Patient Profiles in Randomized Controlled Trials Versus a Real-World Study in Psoriatic Arthritis: Scoping Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Alle Gelsomina , Lopez-Medina Clementina , Siebert Stefan , Lavie Frédéric , Noel Wim , Smolen Josef S. , Gossec Laure 
Published: November 2024

ObjectivePatients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) may not reflect patients with PsA in clinical practice. Our objective was to perform a metaanalysis comparing the characteristics of patients with PsA in RCTs of biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) to patient profiles in a real-world study.MethodsData sources included (1) a scoping literature review of phase III RCTs of bDMARDs in PsA published between 2015 and 2020, and (2) an international observational study of patients with PsA starting a bDMARD enrolled between 2015 and 2018 (PsABio; ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02627768). Data collected at baseline included swollen and tender joint counts (SJC/TJC), presence of enthesitis, skin involvement (body surface area [BSA]), C-reactive protein (CRP), physician global assessment (PGA), and patient-reported outcomes (PROs; Health Assessment Questionnaire [HAQ], pain). Univariate random effects metaanalysis was conducted to calculate pooled means and proportions.ResultsOverall, 5654 patients from 10 RCTs were compared to 930 PsABio patients. Demographic data were similar. SJC/TJC were higher in RCTs than in PsABio (pooled means: 11.8/21.5 vs 5.7/11.9), and enthesitis was more frequent in RCTs (64.7% vs 48.2%), as were patients with a BSA ≥ 3% (62.2% vs 54%). PGA was higher in RCTs (59.7 vs 54.1). In contrast, PROs were similar, whereas CRP was significantly higher in PsABio (1.4 vs 1.1 mg/dL).ConclusionPatients with PsA starting a bDMARD in RCTs had highly active disease and a high patient-reported disease burden. In contrast, PsABio real-world patients starting a bDMARD had lower SJC/TJC, skin involvement, and PGA, but presented with similar patient-reported disease burden. The extrapolation of RCT data in clinical practice should take these elements into account.
Les présents musicaux
Authors: Olive Jean-Paul 
Published: November 2024

Cet article s’attache à montrer comment, au-delà d’une conception banale et socialement fabriquée qui fait du présent musical un « donné immédiat », la musique -dès lors qu’on la considère comme un véritable accès sensible à la connaissance- est un objet particulièrement propice à l’étude du présent, pensé comme catégorie complexe et médiate. S’appuyant sur la réflexion d’Adorno en ce qui concerne la durée, l’article vise à réfléchir, contre la vision inerte du présent qui semble aujourd’hui s’imposer, à une conception dynamique ouverte de l’œuvre musicale.
Le sociologue et le sensible
Authors: Balteau Émilie 
Published: November 2024

Adossé à un travail de recherche socio-filmique portant sur les effets sociaux de la rénovation urbaine, cet article propose d’interroger le rapport qu’entretient le regard sociologique avec la dimension sensible du monde social lorsque la recherche s’écrit en images. Il aborde plusieurs aspects soulevés par cette question, intimement liés entre eux : le film comme mode de connaissance singulier qui opère par le sensible ; l’attention portée, dans le travail de terrain en particulier, à la dimension sensible du monde social ; les dispositifs de réalisation déployés pour rendre sensible/visible le film ; la manière dont le film, comme objet sensible, n’en prend pas moins en charge les mécanismes structurels et les concepts qui y réfèrent.
Considering patient-centred care and patient empowerment as essential to quality health care delivery in Ghana
Authors: Kodom Ruby V. , Netangaheni Robert T. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Rising cases of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), poor health choices, mistrust of the health system, self-medication, resistance of diseases to medication and dissatisfaction with the service experience serve as red flags on the path to Universal Health Coverage (UHC).Aim: This study explored the importance of patient-centred care (PCC) and patient empowerment (PE) within the context of healthcare service delivery in Ghana.Setting: The study considered PCC and PE from the perspective of three public healthcare facilities within the Greater Accra region.Methods: The researcher adopted a qualitative exploratory research approach. The study employed purposive sampling for the selection of healthcare facilities and healthcare providers. Convenience sampling was applied to select patient participants. A total of 33 in-depth interviews and 4 focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted across the three sampled facilities as part of the data collection process.Results: Healthcare providers and patients unanimously view quality as essential for effective healthcare delivery. The application of the capacitating role of PE and PCC is inexact and largely left to subjective interpretation.Conclusion: The Ministry of Health (MOH) has recognised that patient experiences, a key indicator of care quality, have often been suboptimal and is actively working to address these weaknesses.Contribution: This study supports the call for health systems to remain committed to efforts to achieve UHC, with a focus on PCC and PE.
The genetic landscape of acute myeloid leukaemia in the South African public sector
Authors: Hodkinson Katherine E. , Willem Pascale , Moodley Mishalan , Engelbrecht Dewaldt , Patel Pareen , Wiggill Tracey , Ketseoglou Irene , Van Zijl Hanri , Vaughan Jenifer , Chapanduka Zivanai , Joubert Jaco , Kloppers Jean , Mahlangu Johnny , Moodley Vanessa , Opie Jessica , Potgieter Joachim , Walton Ashleigh H. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of myeloid neoplasms for which two international classification systems exist: the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO) and international consensus classification of myeloid neoplasms (ICC), with an emphasis on molecular abnormalities.Aim: To determine the molecular-genetic profile of AML in the South African public sector.Setting: The Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Somatic Cell Genetics Unit, National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.Methods: All newly diagnosed AML cases analysed with next generation sequencing (NGS) between January 2019 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the laboratory information system.Results: In total, 194 AML cases were tested by NGS (162 classifiable), with a median age of 42 years for adults and 7 years for the paediatric cohort. There were 21 cases of AML with mutated TP53 (ICC), 5 of which were unclassifiable with the WHO classification system. In t(8;21) (q22;q22.1), KIT and FLT3-ITD mutations were present in 43% and 20% of cases respectively; FLT3-ITD in 50% of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) and ~20% of AML with NPM1 were triple mutated (NPM1, DNMT3A, FLT3-ITD).Conclusion: This study revealed a high proportion of exon 17 KIT mutations in t(8;21), FLT3-ITD mutations in APL and triple mutated AML with mutated NPM1, all of which are likely to be driving the poor outcomes seen in these AML subgroups in our setting.Contribution: This is the first nationwide description of the molecular-genetic landscape of AML in the South African public sector.
Safety and effectiveness of methylphenidate ER multi-unit pellet system in ADHD patients: An open label study
Authors: Schoeman Renata , Lai Evelyn Y. , Nel Anne-Marie , Gani Mashra , Fulat Muhammed A. , Mahomed Akbar A. 
Published: November 2024

Background: Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder occurring in children and adults. Pharmacotherapy remains the cornerstone of ADHD treatment. Stimulants such as methylphenidate are effective and have been one of the best studied and most frequently used treatment for ADHD. However, different delivery mechanisms and devices may potentially impact patient experience and real-life outcomes.Aim: This study evaluated the effectiveness of Multiple-Unit Pellet System Delivered Extended-Release Methylphenidate (Contramyl XR) on symptom control and reported outcomes in ADHD patients, in a real-world setting.Setting: A phase IV, open label, flexible dose, prospective, observational study conducted at six sites covering five provinces of South Africa.Methods: About 119 participants with ADHD (both newly diagnosed [treatment-naïve] and methylphenidate-treated [switch-over] patients) were enrolled and initiated either on Contramyl XR or switched over from methylphenidate to Contramyl XR. Primary efficacy was assessed by Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) over 12 weeks.Results: In all, 117 participants completed the study (treatment-naïve patients: 46% [n = 55] and switch-over patients: 54% [n = 64]). Mean change from baseline in total WFIRS (95% confidence interval) was –17.7 (–21.1, –14.3; p 0.001) at week 4 and –29.3 (–33.5, –25.2; p 0.001) at week 12. At week 12, there was significant improvement in WFIRS scores, with treatment satisfaction reported by treatment-naïve patients. Switch-over patients also demonstrated comparable effectiveness.Conclusion: Contramyl XR was found to be clinically effective either as de novo or as switch therapy. It was well tolerated, and all patients chose to continue with the treatment option.Contribution: Despite distinct and different delivery mechanism of Contramyl XR, this study provides evidence for using it as an alternate treatment option versus reference methylphenidate, in both treatment-naïve and switch-over ADHD patients. Study participants willingness to continue Contramyl XR therapy post study, further strengthens the confidence on the effectiveness of Contramyl XR in managing ADHD patients.
Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome Associated with Situs Inversus Totalis in a Child : A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Acharya Suchi , Deepthi Alluri , Kumar Manish 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Situs inversus (SI) totalis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by complete inversion of abdominal and thoracic visceral organs. While renal abnormalities have been documented in such cases, the association with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is exceptionally rare.

Clinical Description:
A 2.5-year-old girl, diagnosed with NS, a year ago, presented with anasarca due to relapse. Routine clinical examination showed normal vital parameters, anthropometry, mild pallor, and pitting edema. While abdominal examination revealed ascites, cardiovascular examination was suggestive of dextrocardia which was confirmed by echocardiogram without structural heart defects. Ultrasound abdomen liver, spleen, and stomach showed lateral inversion. Laboratory investigations were consistent with a relapse of NS.

Management and Outcome:
The child was managed with corticosteroids along with anti-edema measures, resulting in remission.

Conclusion:
This case brings out the exceptional rarity of SI totalis coexisting with NS and encourages further research into potential genetic and immunological factors which may explain this coexistence.
Effect of motivational enhancement therapy on the self-efficacy and locus of control of patients with alcohol dependence
Authors: Priyamvada Richa , Ranjan Rupesh , Chaudhury Suprakash , Patil Jaideep 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Motivational enhancement therapy (MET) is a client-centered approach that guides individuals in recognizing and resolving their uncertainties about making personal changes, and having self-efficacy is crucial as it acts as a safeguard against relapses. Personality traits and locus of control are identified as significant factors in the realm of drug addiction and misuse, which further affects treatment and relapse.

Aim:
To study the efficacy of MET on the self-efficacy and locus of control of patients with alcohol dependence.

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 30 patients with alcohol dependence fulfilling the ICD-10 criteria were selected from the Department of Psychiatry of a tertiary care hospital attached to a medical college and a private clinic in Bhopal, MP, for the study. The age range of the sample was 25–45 years based on the purposive sampling method. The study was pre- and post-intervention. Initially, a socio-demographic data sheet was filled to know the self-efficacy, and Locus of Control Scales were administered. After pre-assessment, MET sessions were introduced to the patients. A total of 15 sessions were taken within 3 months of follow-up, and after follow-up, an assessment was conducted to see the outcome of MET sessions.

Results:
The result shows improvement in self-efficacy and change in locus of control after the MET sessions.

Conclusion:
MET is effective in decreasing ambivalence and hence improving the self-efficacy of the patient, which may prevent the patient from relapse.
Comparative Study of Pancreatic Head and Body Size in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Individuals Age Group >65 Years by USG
Authors: Sisodiya Hiranshi , Barjatya Ranjana , Bali Mannhit Kaur , Patnaik Kakoli 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Diabetes mellitus is the collective term for disorders affecting glucose homeostasis. The pancreas is situated in the retroperitoneum within the anterior pararenal fascial space and positioned anteriorly to the aorta and inferior vena cava. Specifically, the pancreas is commonly located just below the origin of the superior mesenteric artery. Ultrasound imaging serves as a valuable tool for acquiring detailed information about the pancreas, encompassing factors such as pancreatic size, echotexture, ductal anatomy, and the surrounding structures. This imaging modality not only facilitates diagnostic evaluations but also allows for interventional procedures, all accomplished efficiently within a brief time frame and at a minimal cost.

Subjects and Methods:
One hundred and fifty healthy adults as controls and 150 diabetic patients of the same age group >65 years of age group were evaluated by ultrasound sonography.

Results:
The mean pancreatic head and body is 2.01 ± 0.38 cm and 1.26 ± 0.18 cm, respectively, in diabetic participants, whereas in controls, it is 2.40 ± 0.13 cm and 1.59 ± 0.17 cm. This showed a significant decrease in pancreatic head and body size in diabetic individuals.

Interpretation and Conclusions:
Diabetic individuals exhibit smaller pancreatic head and body compared to normal controls.
Diffusion tensor imaging of spinal cord in healthy children
Authors: Bozhko Olga V. , Ublinskiy Maksim V. , Akhadov Tolibjon A. , Voronkova Elena V. , Kobzeva Anna A. , Melnikov Iliya A. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a technique that allows evaluating diffusion of water molecules along the myelin sheath of nerve fibers and obtaining information about the integrity of brain and spinal cord pathways. Obtaining reproducible values of diffusion parameters is an urgent and feasible task. The aim of this study was to establish the values of DTI parameters along the entire length of the spinal cord in healthy children for further use in the assessment of acute injury, its consequences and other spinal cord diseases.
Materials and methods. The study included fifteen healthy patients of 13 to 18 years, including 6 girls and 8 boys, average age was 15.2 ± 1.2 years. The study was performed on a Philips Achieva dStream 3T MRI scanner (Netherlands). As part of this study, a spine MRI protocol was developed to cover the entire volume of spinal cord with separate visualization of cervical and thoracic spine (duration: 9 min 48 sec). The IRIS ZOOM sequence (Philips) was used to obtain DTI images. Spinal Cord Toolbox software package was used to process the data. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software, and significance was determined at p < 0.05.
Results. Mapping and calculation of the following diffusion parameters: fractional anisotropy (FA), medial (MD), longitudinal or axial (AD) and transverse (RD) diffusion showed the average values of the parameters FA, AD, MD, RD of the spinal cord of children to be: FA, AD, MD, RD of spinal cord were: FA = 0.63 ± 0.06, AD = 2.1 ± 0.3 × 10−3 mm2/s, MD = 1.15 ± 0.16 × 10−3 mm2/s,
RD = 0.68 ± 0.12 × 10−3 mm2/s. An increase in FA was detected at the Th2–Th9 level compared to the values at the C6–Th1 and Th10–Th12 levels. The AD coefficient at the Th2–Th9 level is increased relative to the C2–C5 and C6–Th1 levels. MD values in spinal cord areas at the Th2–Th9 and Th10–Th12 levels are statistically higher relative to higher levels of the spinal cord. RD values in the zone at the Th10–Th12 level are increased relative to all other areas.
Conclusion. The study established the diffusion indices of FA, MD, AD, RD of spinal cord in children aged 12 to 18 years and showed small differences between the spinal cord regions. The data obtained can be used as reference values for assessing spinal cord condition in various pathological processes (trauma, demyelinating and tumor diseases) in children for the corresponding age group.