bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CERTIFICATION OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF LLC «CENTER OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYTICS» ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF ISO 9001:2015 (GOST R ISO 9001-2015) (REVIEW)
Authors: Krylatova A. A. , Shohin I. E. , Obrazcova E. P. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction. In 2018 «Center of Pharmaceutical Analytics» LLC successfully passed the certification of quality management system for compliance with the requirements of ISO 9001: 2015 and GOST R ISO 9001-2015 «Quality Management System. Requirements». Text. Certification was conducted by the Certification Association «Russian Register» – a Russian company, which is an accredited body for certification of management systems of organizations. This article describes the program of certification audit of the «Russian Register», which includes: certification, consisting of two stages, inspection checks during the first and second year and re-certification audit during the third year before the expiration of the certificate. The structure of works on confirmation of the certificate of conformity of «Russian Register» includes field audits designed to assess the degree of compliance of the organization with the established requirements of the standard for compliance with which certification was carried out [1]. The objectives of the certification audit were: verification of compliance of the management system with the requirements of ISO 9001: 2015 (GOST R ISO 9001-2015), verification of established processes and documentation of the management system of the organization; assessment of the ability of the management system to ensure compliance with applicable legislative, regulatory and contractual requirements; assessment of the effectiveness of the management system to ensure that the goals can be achieved; identification of areas for possible improvement of the management system. The audit was conducted over two days on processes and units related to the activities of the organization. The audit confirmed the scope of certification in respect of: research work, bioanalytical studies, pharmacokinetic studies, STCR (comparative text of dissolution kinetics). The scope of the audit included verification of adequacy, compliance of activities and elements of the management system, including: production, management and support processes; policies; goals; organizational structure of management; documentation of management system, analysis of measures taken by the organization to eliminate the problem areas identified at the 1st stage of certification [2]. Conclusion. In September 2018, the analytical center was issued certificates of compliance with the requirements of GOST R ISO 9001:2015 in the certification Association «Russian Register» with the accreditation of the Federal service for accreditation of the Russian Federation (Rosaccreditation); international standard ISO 9001: 2015 in the Certification system of the Russian Register, a member of the international forum on accreditation IAF; certificate of conformity.
Conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de la medicina basada en evidencias en médicos asistentes de un hospital público. Lima- Perú
Authors: Segundo-Paredes Jorge Alfredo , Gonzales-Medina Carlos Alejandro , Francia-De-la-Cruz Rosa Janeth , Valdivia-Vera Edson , Mejía-Veramendi Jackeline Pamela , Arango-Ochante Pedro M 
Published: February 2019

Objetivo. Determinar los conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en Medicina Basada en Evidencias (MBE) en médicos asistentes de un hospital público. Materiales y Métodos. Diseño analítico observacional de corte transversal, se utilizó un instrumento tipo cuestionario validado con un índice Kuder y Richarson (KR 20) de 0,79. Resultados. El conocimiento de la MBE es intermedio bajo en el 60% de los participantes. Además, existe una asociación estadística entre el número de horas dedicadas a la búsqueda de información y el nivel de conocimientos de MBE. Conclusiones. Se requiere generar estrategias metodológicas de educación médica para mejorar el conocimiento de la MBE para optimizar las actitudes y prácticas de esta actividad medica
PEMETAAN DAERAH RAWAN RESIKO GEMPA BUMI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS DATA MIKROTREMOR MENGGUNAKAN METODE HVSR DI KOTAMADYA DENPASAR DAN SEKITARNYA, BALI
Authors: Kurniawan Riski 
Published: February 2019

Telah dilakukan pengukuran mikrotremor di Kotamadya Denpasar dan sekitarnya pada bulan Mei sampai Juni dan Oktober sampai November 2014 oleh Pusat Survey Geologi (PSG) Bandung.. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 249 titik pengukuran mikrotremor single station. Pemetaan ini dilakukan untuk memetakan daerah rawan resiko di daerah penelitian berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data mikrotremor menggunakan metode HVSR (Horizontal to Vertical Spectrum Ratio) dengan bantuan software geopshy. Hasil pengolahan data mikrotremor Kotamadya Denpasar dan sekitarnya diperoleh nilai frekuensi dominan berkisar antara (0,96 – 14,59) Hz, nilai amplifikasi 1,15 – 12,08, nilai indeks kerentanan seismik 0,27 – 39,81, nilai percepatan getaran tanah permukaan (34,93 – 147,59) gal dan nilai ground shear strain 1,5 x – 2,1x .Berdasarkan pengolahan data mikrotremor daerah Kotamadya Denpasar dan sekitarnya menunjukan bagian selatan daerah penelitian memiliki potensi kerusakan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bagian utara saat terjadi gempa bumi.
PERBANDINGAN NILAI MOMEN PADA BALOK BETON BERTULANG MENGGUNAKAN SNI 1726-2002 DAN SNI 1726-2012 DI JAKARTA, BANDUNG, DAN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Maulana Rizal 
Published: February 2019

AbstrakTelah terjadi perubahan wilayah gempa di Indonesia, sehingga diterbitkanlah peraturan gempa baru, yaitu SNI 1726-2012 yang menggantikan SNI 1726-2002. Oleh karena itu bangunan saat ini harus direncanakan dengan peraturan baru. Perubahan SNI gempa ini berakibat pada perencanaan struktur pada bangunan gedung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan membuat model struktur bangunan kantor 3 lantai menggunakan program computer SAP 2000 v.14. Lokasi bangunan yang diteliti berada di Jakarta, Bandung, dan Yogyakarta. Parameter bangunan untuk SNI 1726-2002 dan SNI 1726-2012 pada tiga kota tersebut adalah sama, hal ini bertujuan karena penelitian dilakukan untuk membandingkan efek gempa terhadap nilai momen pada balok beton bertulang pada kota tersebut. Dari hasil analisis program computer SAP 2000 v.14 didapatkan peningkatan nilai momen ultimit awal balok menggunakan SNI 1726-2012 dibandingkan dengan SNI 1726-2002 pada Kota Jakarta sebesar 7,1%, Kota Bandung sebesar 39,38%, dan Kota Yogyakarta sebesar 32,85%. Peningkatan terbesar terjadi pada Kota Bandung, dan terkecil pada Kota Jakarta. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan seismisitas yang cukup signifikan di Kota Bandung dan Yogyakarta. Kata kunci: Gempa, Struktur Balok, Momen
Background Infrared Sources for Studying the Galactic Center’s Interstellar Gas
Authors: Geballe T. R. , Lambrides E. , Schlegelmilch B. , Yeh S. C. C. , Goto M. , Westrick Calvin , Oka T. , Najarro F. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
We briefly describe the results of a K-band spectroscopic survey of over 500 highly reddened point-like objects on sightlines toward the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy. The goal was to find stars with featureless or nearly featureless spectra suitable for near- and mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy of the Galactic center’s interstellar gas on sightlines spread across the CMZ. Until recently only a few such stars have been known outside of very localized sightlines in the vicinity of the Quintuplet and Central clusters. We have used Spitzer Space Telescope Galactic Legacy Infrared Midplane Survey Extraordinaire and Two-Micron All-Sky Survey photometry to select promising candidates, and over the last 10 years have been acquiring low-resolution K-band spectra of them. As expected, the vast majority are cool and/or highly reddened red giants with complex photospheric spectra unsuitable for measuring faint interstellar lines. Approximately 10% of them, whose observations are reported here, have featureless or nearly featureless spectra. Although not evenly distributed in Galactic longitude, these stars are scattered across the CMZ. Many of them are luminous stars that are deeply embedded in warm dust cocoons, and have K-band continua rising steeply to longer wavelengths. A significant fraction of them are hot stars of a variety of spectral types, including at least five newly discovered Wolf–Rayet stars. All of them should be suitable for spectroscopy of interstellar absorption lines at infrared wavelengths greater than 3 μm and many are also suitable at shorter wavelengths.
The Effect of Photoionization on the Loss of Water of the Planet
Authors: Guo J. H. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Hydrogen and oxygen can rapidly escape from the atmosphere of planets as a result of the photolysis of water by strong X-ray and ultraviolet (XUV) radiation of a star, which are fundamental to the origin of life and habitability. We developed an ion–atom mixed model to describe the escape of water from planets with water-dominated atmosphere. We showed that the oxygen ions easily escape from the atmosphere with the hydrogen owing to the strong interactions between oxygen ions and hydrogen. The atomic oxygen can escape from the atmosphere with hydrogen in the environment of high XUV irradiation. However, they decouple from hydrogen and oxygen ions with the decrease of XUV flux. We found that the critical XUV level is about 12–16 times or 30–40 times the present value for planets with the mass and separation of Venus and Earth, respectively. Below the critical XUV values, the oxygen can deposit in the atmosphere. Our results show that ions effectively transfer momentum between interacting species. The neglect of ions in the hydrodynamic model results in lower momentum exchanges between hydrogen and oxygen so that the critical XUV values increase by a factor of 2. Finally, our model predicted that the planets with a mass and separation of Venus (Earth) can lose the hydrogen of 21.5 (9.1) Earth oceans and oxygen of 2.6 (0.6) Earth oceans. Thus, the hydrodynamic escape could have dried up the water of their atmosphere in the period of early evolution.
Les enjeux du référendum d’autodétermination en Nouvelle-Calédonie
Authors: Lasmothey Kossi Biova Placide 
Published: February 2019

Vingt ans après l’Accord de Nouméa, la Nouvelle-Calédonie se retrouve face à son destin. L’archipel décidera le 4 novembre prochain de son sort par rapport à la France et au monde entier. Un électorat, élargi de manière ad hoc pour favoriser la plus large participation, répondra à une question simple formulée en ces termes : « Voulez-vous que la Nouvelle-Calédonie accède à la pleine souveraineté et devienne indépendante ? ». Les néo-calédoniens doivent être conscients qu’en introduisant soit un bulletin « oui », soit un bulletin « non » dans l’urne, c’est tant l’avenir institutionnel que politique et économique du Caillou qui sont en jeu.
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality in Education. Myth or Reality?
Authors: Elmqaddem Noureddine 
Published: February 2019

Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality are not new technologies. But several constraints prevented their actual adoption. Recent technological progresses added to the proliferation of affordable hardware and software have made AR and VR more viable and desirable in many domains, including educa-tion; they have been relaunched with new promises previously unimaginable. The nature of AR and VR promises new teaching and learning models that better meet the needs of the 21st century learner. We’re now on a path to re-invent education.
This work consists of explaining the reasons behind the new rise of AR and VR and why their actual adoption in education will be a reality in a near fu-ture.
When is there more employment, with individual or collective wage bargaining?
Authors: García José Ramón , Sorolla Valeri 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In a standard Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides labour market with frictions, the authors seek to determine when there is more employment with individual wage bargaining than with collective wage bargaining, using a wage equation generated by the standard total surplus sharing rule. Using a Cobb-Douglas production function, they find that if the bargaining power of the individual is high compared to the bargaining power of the union, there is more unemployment with individual wage setting and vice versa. When the individual worker and the union have the same bargaining power, if the cost of opening a vacancy is sufficiently high, there is more unemployment with individual wage setting. Finally, for a constant marginal product of labour production function AL, when the individual worker and the union have the same bargaining power, individual bargaining produces more unemployment.
Seasonal and diurnal variability in O3, black carbon, and CO measured at the Rwanda Climate Observatory
Authors: DeWitt H. Langley , Gasore Jimmy , Rupakheti Maheswar , Potter Katherine E. , Prinn Ronald G. , Ndikubwimana Jean de Dieu , Nkusi Julius , Safari Bonfils 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Air pollution is understudied in sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in a gap in the scientific understanding of emissions, atmospheric processes, and impacts of
air pollutants in this region. The Rwanda Climate Observatory, a joint
partnership between MIT and the government of Rwanda, has been measuring
ambient concentrations of key long-lived greenhouse gases and the short-lived
climate-forcing pollutants CO2, CO, CH4, black carbon (BC), and O3 with
state-of-the-art instruments on the summit of Mt. Mugogo (1.586∘ S,
29.566∘ E; 2590 m above sea level) since May 2015. Rwanda is a
small, mountainous, and densely populated country in equatorial East Africa,
currently undergoing rapid development but still at less than 20 %
urbanization. Black carbon concentrations during Rwanda's two dry seasons
(December–January–February, DJF, and June–July–August, JJA), which
coincide with the two regional biomass burning seasons, are higher at Mt.
Mugogo than in major European cities with daily values (24 h) during the dry season of around 5 µg m−3
(daily average concentrations ranging from less than
0.1 to over 17 µg m−3 for the entire measurement period). BC
baseline concentrations during biomass burning seasons are loosely correlated
with fire radiative power data for the region acquired with a MODIS satellite
instrument. The position and meteorology of Rwanda is such that the emissions
transported from both the northern and southern African biomass burning
seasons affect BC, CO, and O3 concentrations in Rwanda. Spectral
aerosol absorption measured with a dual-spot Aethalometer varies seasonally
due to changes in types of fuel burned and the direction of pollution
transport to the site. Ozone concentrations peaked during Rwanda's dry
seasons (daily measured maximum of 70 ppbv). The understanding and
quantification of the percent contributions of regional and local (beyond
large-scale biomass) emissions is essential to guide policy in the region.
During the rainy seasons, local emitting activities (e.g., cooking,
transportation, trash burning) remain steady, regional biomass burning is
low, and transport distances are shorter as rainout of pollution occurs
regularly. Thus, local pollution at Mugogo can be estimated during this time
period and was found to account for up to 35 % of annual average BC
measured. Our measurements indicate that air pollution is a current and
growing problem in equatorial East Africa.
Climate or land cover variations: what is driving observed changes in river peak flows? A data-based attribution study
Authors: De Niel Jan , Willems Patrick 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Climate change and land cover changes are influencing the
hydrological regime of rivers worldwide. In Flanders (Belgium), the
intensification of the hydrological cycle caused by climate change is
projected to cause more flooding in winters, and land use and land cover changes
could amplify these effects by, for example, making runoff on paved
surfaces faster. The relative importance of both drivers, however, is still
uncertain, and interaction effects between both drivers are not yet well
understood. In order to better understand the hydrological impact of climate variations
and land cover changes, including their interaction effects, we fitted a
statistical model for historical data over 3 decades for 29 catchments in
Flanders. The model is able to explain 60 % of the changes in river peak
flows over time. It was found that catchment characteristics explain up to
18 % of changes in river peak flows, 6 % of changes in climate variability and 8 % of land
cover changes. Steep catchments and catchments with a high proportion
of loamic soils are subject to higher peak flows, and an increase in urban
area of 1 % might cause increases in river peak flows up to 5 %.
Interactions between catchment characteristics, climate variations and land
cover changes explain up to 32 % of the peak-flow changes, where flat
catchments with a low loamic soil content are more sensitive to land cover
changes with respect to peak-flow anomalies. This shows the importance of
including such interaction terms in data-based attribution studies.
Flood risk assessment due to cyclone-induced dike breaching in coastal areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Feroz , Bhattacharya Biswa , Popescu Ioana 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. Bangladesh, one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, has a
dynamic delta with 123 polders protected by earthen dikes. Cyclone-induced
storm surges cause severe damage to these polders by overtopping and
breaching the dikes. A total of 19 major tropical storms have hit the coast in the last
50 years, and the storm frequency is likely to increase due to climate change.
The present paper presents an investigation of the inundation pattern in a
protected area behind dikes due to floods caused by storm surges and
identifies possible critical locations of dike breaches. Polder 48 in the
coastal region, also known as Kuakata, was selected as the study area. A
HEC-RAS 1-D–2-D hydrodynamic model was developed to simulate inundation of the polder under different scenarios. Scenarios were developed by considering
tidal variations, the angle of the cyclone at landfall, possible dike breach
locations and sea level rise due to climate change according to the Fifth
Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
A storm surge for a cyclone event with a 1-in-25-year return period was considered
for all the scenarios. The primary objective of this research was to present
a methodology for identifying the critical location of dike breaching,
generating a flood risk map (FRM) and a probabilistic flood map (PFM) for the
breaching of dikes during a cyclone. The critical location of the dike breach
among the chosen possible locations was identified by comparing the
inundation extent and damage due to flooding corresponding to the developed
scenarios. A FRM corresponding to the breaching in the
critical location was developed, which indicated that settlements adjacent to
the canals in the polders were exposed to higher risk. A PFM was developed using the simulation results corresponding to the
developed scenarios, which was used to recommend the need of appropriate land
use zoning to minimize the vulnerability to flooding. The developed
hydrodynamic model can be used to forecast inundation, to identify critical
locations of the dike requiring maintenance and to study the effect of
climate change on flood inundation in the study area. The frequency and intensity of the cyclones around the world are likely to
increase due to climate change, which will require resource-intensive
improvement of existing or new protection structures for the deltas. The identification and prioritization of the maintenance of critical locations of dike
breaching can potentially prevent a disaster. The use of non-structural tools such as
land use zoning with the help of flood risk maps and probabilistic flood
maps has the potential to reduce risk and damage. The method presented in
this research can potentially be utilized for deltas around the world to
reduce vulnerability and flood risk due to dike breaching caused by cyclone-induced storm surge.
On the timescales and length scales of the Arctic sea ice thickness anomalies: a study based on 14 reanalyses
Authors: Ponsoni Leandro , Massonnet François , Fichefet Thierry , Chevallier Matthieu , Docquier David 
Published: February 2019

Abstract. The ocean–sea ice reanalyses are one of the main sources of Arctic sea ice
thickness data both in terms of spatial and temporal resolution, since
observations are still sparse in time and space. In this work, we first aim
at comparing how the sea ice thickness from an ensemble of 14
reanalyses compares with different sources of observations, such as moored
upward-looking sonars, submarines, airbornes, satellites, and ice boreholes.
Second, based on the same reanalyses, we intend to characterize the
timescales (persistence) and length scales of sea ice thickness anomalies. We
investigate whether data assimilation of sea ice concentration by the
reanalyses impacts the realism of sea ice thickness as well as its respective
timescales and length scales. The results suggest that reanalyses with sea ice data
assimilation do not necessarily perform better in terms of sea ice thickness
compared with the reanalyses which do not assimilate sea ice concentration.
However, data assimilation has a clear impact on the timescales and length scales:
reanalyses built with sea ice data assimilation present shorter timescales and
length scales. The mean timescales and length scales for reanalyses with data
assimilation vary from 2.5 to 5.0 months and 337.0 to 732.5 km, respectively,
while reanalyses with no data assimilation are characterized by values from
4.9 to 7.8 months and 846.7 to 935.7 km, respectively.
Alveolar Osteitis Following Tooth Extraction: Systematic Review and Google Trends Analysis Instigated by the First Upper Premolar Case Reported from Iraq
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed , Al-Khazraji Amer 
Published: February 2019

Introduction： Alveolar osteitis is a painful condition that may occur following permanent teeth extraction due to the failure of formation of a blood clot or its dislodgement before the complete healing of the wound. We aim to provide a systematic review and trends analytic on the epidemiology and the digital epidemiology as well as the management of alveolar osteitis and to seek any available data in connection with alveolar osteitis following upper premolar tooth extraction. Methods： This study represents a combinatory of literature review, analytics of Google Trends, and the first documented case from Iraq of alveolar osteitis following extraction of the maxillary first premolar. Three literature databases were explored, using Boolean operators, including NCBI-PubMed, Elsevier, and the Cochrane Library. Google Trends database was examined to assess the digital epidemiology. Results：The total number of hits was 54417. There was an overall deficit of literature concerning the condition in connection with the extraction of maxillary premolars. The digital epidemiology was limited to twenty-two countries including three countries from the Middle East accounting for 13.63% of the total geographic mapping while Iraq was absent. Conclusion：Our exceptional case report instigated a systematic analytic of a trends database and the literature. The analysis confirmed the inadequacy of studies from the Middle East. Future studies should deploy the use of machine learning algorithms for a rigour statistical inference based on data from online and offline big data repositories of public health records.
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