bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refining fine fraction soil extraction methods and analysis for mineral exploration
Authors: Noble R. R. P. , Lau I. C. , Anand R. R. , Pinchand G. T. 
Published: July 2019

Soils are widely used as geochemical sample media. In transported cover, the soils that host the mobile element signature are the smallest size fractions, so we should consider concentrating the clay size fraction (<2 µm) as an improved sample medium. Twenty-seven bulk reference soils were collected in the vicinity of known mineral deposits (including background areas) that reflect common soil types of Western Australia. A selection of these soils was used in replicate testing to assess differences in particle size, sample weight, dispersants, and how this relates to the Au and Cu geochemistry. Using multiple analysis of variance tests, the submicron fractions showed that, although the <0.2 µm fraction was slightly different to the <2 µm and <0.75 µm fractions, there was no additional value in the extra effort required to extract these submicron fractions, and the <2 µm fraction was favoured. Ultrasonics and rinsing were not required for Au analysis, and during wet separation no Au is lost in solution and only a small fraction of the overall Cu (0.5%) is lost. Using a dispersant was critical for solid recovery and Na-hexametaphosphate (technical or laboratory grade) was found to be the most effective reagent. The <2 µm size fraction showed no significant differences for assays of Au using 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 4 g (
P
< 0.05) with a microwave-assisted aqua regia digestion being the best analytical method for Au recovery. In addition to the geochemistry, the spectral reflectance variation was investigated with respect to particle size and weight, and showed more variation in the smaller weight fraction of material and a loss of quartz in the fine materials as expected. The integration of results from this study generated a new workflow called UltraFine+™. This workflow provides 40 elements, spectral mineralogy, particle-size distribution, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and specific surface area, offering more quality data to improve mineral exploration using soil and regolith samples.

Supplementary material:
Spreadsheets of soils and regolith data from orientation sites and regional map sites analysed with the UltraFine+ method is available at
https://doi.org/10.25919/5d1058f8b05fc
SCFFBXW7/GSK3β-Mediated GFI1 Degradation Suppresses Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells
Authors: Kuai Xiaoling , Li Long , Chen Ran , Wang Kangjunjie , Chen Min , Cui Binghai , Zhang Yuxue , Li Junqiang , Zhu Hongwen , Zhou Hu , Huang Jianfei , Qin Jun , Wang Zhiwei , Wei Wenyi , Gao Daming 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The regulatory mechanisms underlying gastric cancer cell proliferation are largely unclear. Here, we show that the transcription factor GFI1 is associated with advanced clinical gastric cancer progression and promoted gastric cancer cell proliferation partially through inhibition of gastrokine-2 (GKN2) transcription. GFI1 was a degrading substrate of FBXW7, whose loss was observed in gastric cancer. Mechanistically, GSK3β-mediated GFI1 S94/S98 phosphorylation triggered its interaction with FBXW7, resulting in SCFFBXW7-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. A nondegradable GFI1 S94A/S98A mutant was more potent in driving gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis than wild-type GFI1. Overall, this study reveals the oncogenic role of GFI1 in gastric cancer and provides mechanistic insights into the tumor suppressor function of FBXW7.

Significance:
These findings demonstrate the oncogenic role of the transcription factor GFI1 and the tumor suppressive function of FBXW7 in gastric cancer.
Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a Preexisting Drug-Resistant Subpopulation in the Luminal Breast Cancer Subtype
Authors: Prieto-Vila Marta , Usuba Wataru , Takahashi Ryou-u , Shimomura Iwao , Sasaki Hideo , Ochiya Takahiro , Yamamoto Yusuke 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Drug resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of breast cancer. Surviving cells lead to tumor recurrence and metastasis, which remains the main cause of cancer-related mortality. Breast cancer is also highly heterogeneous, which hinders the identification of individual cells with the capacity to survive anticancer treatment. To address this, we performed extensive single-cell gene-expression profiling of the luminal-type breast cancer cell line MCF7 and its derivatives, including docetaxel-resistant cells. Upregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness-related genes and downregulation of cell-cycle–related genes, which were mainly regulated by LEF1, were observed in the drug-resistant cells. Interestingly, a small number of cells in the parental population exhibited a gene-expression profile similar to that of the drug-resistant cells, indicating that the untreated parental cells already contained a rare subpopulation of stem-like cells with an inherent predisposition toward docetaxel resistance. Our data suggest that during chemotherapy, this population may be positively selected, leading to treatment failure.

Significance:
This study highlights the role of breast cancer intratumor heterogeneity in drug resistance at a single-cell level.
Novel Pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine Compounds Target Mitochondrial and Cytosolic One-carbon Metabolism with Broad-spectrum Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Dekhne Aamod S. , Shah Khushbu , Ducker Gregory S. , Katinas Jade M. , Wong-Roushar Jennifer , Nayeen Md. Junayed , Doshi Arpit , Ning Changwen , Bao Xun , Frühauf Josephine , Liu Jenney , Wallace-Povirk Adrianne , O'Connor Carrie , Dzinic Sijana H. , White Kathryn , Kushner Juiwanna , Kim Seongho , Hüttemann Maik , Polin Lisa , Rabinowitz Joshua D. , Li Jing , Hou Zhanjun , Dann Charles E. , Gangjee Aleem , Matherly Larry H. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Folate-dependent one-carbon (C1) metabolism is compartmentalized into the mitochondria and cytosol and supports cell growth through nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis. Mitochondrial C1 metabolism, including serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) 2, provides glycine, NAD(P)H, ATP, and C1 units for cytosolic biosynthetic reactions, and is implicated in the oncogenic phenotype across a wide range of cancers. Whereas multitargeted inhibitors of cytosolic C1 metabolism, such as pemetrexed, are used clinically, there are currently no anticancer drugs that specifically target mitochondrial C1 metabolism. We used molecular modeling to design novel small-molecule pyrrolo[3,2-d]pyrimidine inhibitors targeting mitochondrial C1 metabolism at SHMT2. In vitro antitumor efficacy was established with the lead compounds (AGF291, AGF320, AGF347) toward lung, colon, and pancreatic cancer cells. Intracellular targets were identified by metabolic rescue with glycine and nucleosides, and by targeted metabolomics using a stable isotope tracer, with confirmation by in vitro assays with purified enzymes. In addition to targeting SHMT2, inhibition of the cytosolic purine biosynthetic enzymes, β-glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase and/or 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase, and SHMT1 was also established. AGF347 generated significant in vivo antitumor efficacy with potential for complete responses against both early-stage and upstage MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic tumor xenografts, providing compelling proof-of-concept for therapeutic targeting of SHMT2 and cytosolic C1 enzymes by this series. Our results establish structure–activity relationships and identify exciting new drug prototypes for further development as multitargeted antitumor agents.
СТАН СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНОЇ ЗАХВОРЮВАНОСТІ В ДІТЕЙ ІЗ РОЗЛАДОМ АУТИСТИЧНОГО СПЕКТРА
Authors: Hevkaliuk N. O. , Pynda M. Ya. , Pudiak V. Ye. , Posolenyk L. Ya. , Kuchyrka L. I. 
Published: July 2019

Мета дослідження – вивчити поширеність та інтенсивність карієсу тимчасових і постійних зубів, захворювань тканин пародонта у дітей із розладом аутистичного спектра.
Матеріали та методи. Дослідження проводили на базі Благодійної організації «Дім милосердя» (м. Чортків), що опікується дітьми з особливими потребами, зокрема з розладом аутистичного спектра. Було обстежено 81 дитину з розладом аутистичного спектра віком від 2 до 18 років. В опитувальному листі для батьків зазначали обсяг санітарно-просвітницької роботи. Стан гігієни порожнини рота визначали за індексом Федорова – Володкіної, стан твердих тканин зубів у дітей – на підставі показників інтенсивності карієсу кп, кпп, КПВ+кп, КПпВ+кпп за методикою ВООЗ. Рівень стоматологічної допомоги оцінювали за П. А. Леусом.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Аналіз опитувальних листів показав недостатній обсяг санітарно-просвітницької роботи серед цього контингенту дітей, тому проведено санітарно-гігієнічне навчання – інформаційно-просвітницьку театралізовану виставу. За результатами опитування батьків дітей із розладом аутистичного спектра щодо особливостей харчування, в 41,97 % дітей була нормальна харчова поведінка, 16,05 % обстежених тривалий час тримали їжу за щокою, а 53,08 % дітей віддавали перевагу м’яким продуктам та кулінарно обробленій їжі. Середнє значення індексу Федорова – Володкіної становило 2,97 бала, що свідчило про поганий рівень гігієни порожнини рота. Рівень стоматологічної допомоги виявився недостатнім (16,7 %). Розповсюдженість карієсу тимчасових та постійних зубів становила 84,81 % при інтенсивності ураження 9,74+0,17. У структурі захворювань тканин пародонта переважав хронічний катаральний гінгівіт (87,65 %), поширеність локалізованого та генералізованого пародонтиту – 17,28 %. Зубощелепні аномалії визначались у 86,04 % дітей. Самотравмування було виявлено в 48,01 % дітей.
Висновок. Висока поширеність та інтенсивність карієсу зубів, захворювань тканин пародонта в дітей із розладом аутис­тичного спектра є підставою для обґрунтування і запровадження ефективних методів первинної профілактики.
ЛІКУВАННЯ ПЕРЕДМЕНСТРУАЛЬНОГО СИНДРОМУ ІЗ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯМ АДАПТОЛУ І СЕДАТИВНИХ ПРЕПАРАТІВ РОСЛИННОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Franchuk O. S. , Franchuk M. O. 
Published: July 2019

Мета дослідження – досягнути високої ефективності і доброї переносимості препарату при лікуванні пацієнток із передменструальним синдромом із перевагою вегетосудинної і психопатологічної симптоматики.
Матеріали та методи. Ми провели клінічні спостереження при застосуванні адаптолу для лікування ПМС у 20 жінок і седативних рослинних препаратів (настойки валеріани, півонії, персену) – у 12 жінок. Адаптол є похідним двох метильованих фрагментів сечовини і, будучи похідним природних метаболітів організму, має високий ступінь біологічної доступності, велику широту терапевтичної дії, не викликає кумулятивних властивостей. Йому притаманний увесь спектр психотропних впливів, характерних для «традиційних» транквілізаторів, водночас позбавлений основних побічних реакцій, властивих похідним бензодіазепіну. Широта терапевтичного ефекту адаптолу зумовлена вегетостабілізувальною, антиоксидантною, м’якою ноотропною, антигіпоксичною, помірною транквілізувальною дією. Широта поєднання дії цього препарату дозволяє нормалізувати багато функцій організму, а також відновлювати розумову і фізичну працездатність пацієнтів.
Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Нами проведено спостереження за 32 жінками, у яких діагностовано ПМС. Тривалість ПМС коливалася від одного до п’яти років. Нервово-психічні розлади у всіх обстежених характеризувалися великим поліморфізмом скарг. У клінічній картині домінували вегетосудинні розлади: припливи жару, головний біль, підвищена втомлюваність, розлади сну, депресія; симптоми неврологічного характеру – дратівливість, плаксивість, емоційна лабільність, тривога, озлоблення. Всі ці клінічні прояви ПМС відмічалися в лютеїнову фазу ПМС.
Висновки. 1. Препарат «Адаптол» має високу ефективність і добру переносимість при лікуванні пацієнток із передменструальним синдромом із перевагою вегетосудинної і психопатологічної симптоматики. Його ефективність становить 91,89 %. 2. У пацієнтів із довготривалим передменструальним синдромом і відсутністю ефекту від використання різних методів його лікування необхідно провести 2-3 курси терапії з підвищенням дози адаптолу до 1,2 г на добу.
Comparative Effectiveness of β-Blocker Use Beyond 3 Years After Myocardial Infarction and Long-Term Outcomes Among Elderly Patients
Authors: Shavadia Jay S. , Holmes DaJuanicia N. , Thomas Laine , Peterson Eric D. , Granger Christopher B. , Roe Matthew T. , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: July 2019

Background:
The benefit of β-blocker use beyond 3 years after a myocardial infarction (MI) has not been clearly determined.

Methods and Results:

Using data from the CRUSADE Registry (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes With Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines) linked with Medicare claims, we studied patients ≥65 years of age with MI, discharged on β-blocker therapy and alive 3 years later without a recurrent MI to evaluate β-blocker use and dose (none, <50%, and ≥50% of the recommended target) at 3 years. Using inverse probability of treatment weighting, we then examined the adjusted association between β-blocker use (and dose) at 3 years and the cardiovascular composite of all-cause mortality, hospitalization for recurrent MI, ischemic stroke, or heart failure over the subsequent 5 years. Of the 6893 patients ≥65 years age, β-blocker use at 3 years was 72.2% (n=4980); 43% (n=2162) of these were treated with ≥50% of the target β-blocker dose. β-blocker use was not associated with a significant difference on the composite outcome (52.4% versus 55.4%, adjusted hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.88–1.03;
P
=0.23). Neither low dose (<50% target dose) nor high dose (≥50% target dose) β-blocker use was associated with a significant difference in risk when compared with no β-blocker use. Results were also consistent in patients with and without heart failure or systolic dysfunction (
P
interaction =0.30).

Conclusions:
In this observational analysis, β-blocker use beyond 3 years post-MI, regardless of the dose achieved, was not associated with improved outcomes. The role of prolonged β-blocker use, particularly in older adults, needs further investigation.
Pregnancy and Parenting During Cardiology Fellowship
Authors: Mwakyanjala Edson J. , Cowart Jennifer B. , Hayes Sharonne N. , Blair Janis E. , Maniaci Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

Background
An increasing number of residents and fellows have children during training. However, little is known about the specific experience of cardiology fellows who become parents during training.

Methods and Results

A 66‐question Internet‐based survey about experiences of pregnancy during graduate medical training was administered between May 1 and July 15, 2013, to all trainees (N=1516) in the Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education across 3 academic sites. Questions explored the experiences of new mothers, fathers, and their fellow trainees. There were 644 survey respondents overall (response rate, 42%), and of 73 cardiovascular trainees, 29 (10 women [35%]) completed the survey. Of those surveyed, 59% reported having children. All trainee mothers reported making alterations to their training schedule due to pregnancy and maternity leave. Twenty percent of trainee fathers also reported changing their training because of their partner's pregnancy. Of trainees with children, 41% reported difficulty completing research because of pregnancy and childcare obligations. Nontrainee mothers were significantly more likely to breastfeed beyond 6 months compared with trainee mothers (
P
=0.018). A perceived stigma attached to pregnancy was reported by 62% of trainees. Both male and female trainees felt that their programs did not promote pregnancy‐related schedule flexibility.

Conclusions
Our study shows that both men and women entering parenthood during cardiology training often have to change their schedule, research, and career path. Cardiology training programs should focus on curriculum design and supportive parenthood policies to both avoid negative stigma and optimize fellowship training during this time period.
Erratum: Addendum to Zootaxa 4612 (3): On some new and old soft scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Coccidae) from Africa, with description of a new Coccus species and introduction of a new genus by B. Łagowska and Chris J. Hodgson.
Authors: ŁAGOWSKA BOŻENA , HODGSON CHRIS J. 
Published: July 2019

Due to an oversight, the depositories of the new species, Coccus giliomeei Łagowska & Hodgson, and of the new material of Coccus rhodesiensis (Hall) collected in the Transvaal, South Africa, was omitted from the manuscript. Both lots of slides will be deposited in SANC, The South African National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, South Africa.
Factors Predicting Endoscopic Exposure of Zenker's Diverticulum
Authors: Bloom Jason D. , Bleier Benjamin S. , Mirza Natasha , Chalian Ara A. , Thaler Erica R. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives The objectives of this study were 1) to understand which anatomic variables are associated with failed endoscopic exposure of Zenker's diverticulum and 2) to enable preoperative selection of patients suitable for endoscopic repair of Zenker's diverticulum on the basis of anatomic variables. Methods We performed a prospective, Institutional Review Board-approved study of 30 patients undergoing attempted endoscopic repair of Zenker's diverticulum. Three categorical variables (sex, presence of maxillary dentition, and Mallampati score) and 6 continuous variables (age, neck circumference, hyomental distance, neck length, neck extension, and body mass index [BMI]) were collected before operation and then correlated to successful endoscopic exposure of the Zenker's pouch by use of a Fisher's exact test and Student's t-test, respectively. Results Exposure was unsuccessful in 9 of 30 patients (30%). Factors that correlated significantly with exposure failure included a shorter neck length (7.2 ± 1.2 cm; p = 0.047), a shorter hyomental distance (5.0 ± 1.1 cm; p = 0.004), and a higher BMI (27.2 ±4.0 kg/m2; p = 0.05). The presence of maxillary dentition did not reach significance in exposure failure, but did show a trend toward an association. Conclusions Surgical exposure in endoscopic repair of Zenker's diverticulum tends to be significantly less successful in patients with short necks, decreased hyomental distance, and/or a high BMI. An open approach should be considered in this patient population.
Empathy, compassion fatigue, guilt and secondary traumatic stress in nurses
Authors: Mottaghi Shekoofeh , Poursheikhali Hanieh , Shameli Leila 
Published: July 2019

Background: Nurses are often faced with many stressful situations in life, including personal life challenges, the nature of work that requires standing long and being focused, commitment to patient care, and dealing with patients who need help. Research objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between empathy and compassion fatigue in nurses due to the mediating role of feeling guilty and secondary traumatic stress. Research design: This is a descriptive-correlation study. Participants: The statistical population consisted of all the nurses in Kerman hospitals in 2017. Five hospitals were randomly selected from among the private and public hospitals in Kerman. The sample size was considered 360, but after the deletion of misleading questionnaires, the final sample of study consisted of 300 nurses. Ethical considerations: Approval from the researcher’s university Institutional Review Board for ethical review was obtained. Findings: The data analysis in this study was done through the path analysis method using the Amos software. The results showed the mediating role of omnipotent guilt between empathy and compassion fatigue in the nurses, the mediating role of survivor guilt between empathy and compassion fatigue in the nurses, and the mediating role of secondary traumatic stress between empathy and compassion fatigue in the nurses. Also, empathy could explain 77% of the nurses’ compassion fatigue through feelings of guilt and secondary traumatic stress. Discussion: Pathogenic empathy-based guilt and secondary traumatic stress may help explain some of the links between clinical empathy and symptoms of compassion fatigue. Conclusion: Interventions and training programs targeting pathogenic empathy-based guilt and empathic secondary traumatic stress may be particularly important to help reduce compassion fatigue.
Acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: A population‐based five‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Hreinsson Johann P , Ægisdottir Silja , Bjornsson Einar S 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundData on the natural history of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) are lacking. We evaluated five‐year bleeding risk and mortality in ALGIB patients and controls. Furthermore, we aimed to find predictors of rebleeding.MethodsThis was a population‐based retrospective case‐control study conducted at the National University Hospital of Iceland, and included every individual who underwent endoscopy in 2010–2011. ALGIB was defined as rectal bleeding leading to hospitalisation or occurring in a hospitalised patient. Controls were randomly selected from those who underwent endoscopy in the same time period but who did not have GIB, and were matched for sex and age. Patients were followed up five years after index bleeding. Rebleeding was defined as ALGIB >14 days after index bleeding.ResultsIn total, 2294 patients underwent 2602 colonoscopies in 2010–2011. Of those, 319 (14%) had ALGIB. The mean age for cases and controls was 64 and 65 years (±19.3–20.7), respectively, and females accounted for 51–52% of the study population. For ALGIB patients, the five‐year risk of a bleeding was 20% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15–24%) compared to 3% (95% CI 1–5%) in controls (log rank < 0.0001; co‐morbidity‐adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 6.9 (95% CI 3.4–14)). Only 37% of bleeders had the same cause of index bleeding and rebleeding. In ALGIB patients, age and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were predictors of rebleeding, with odds ratios per 10 years of 1.3 (95% CI 1.1–1.6) and 4.3 (95% CI 1.5–12), respectively. Bleeders did not have a higher risk of five‐year mortality compared to controls (HR = 1.2; 95% CI 0.87–1.6).ConclusionsOne fifth of ALGIB patients had rebleeding during follow‐up. Age and IBD were independent predictors of rebleeding. ALGIB was not associated with lower five‐year survival.