bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exophiala dermatitidis isolates from various sources: using alternative invertebrate host organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella) to determine virulence
Authors: Olsowski Maike , Hoffmann Frederike , Hain Andrea , Kirchhoff Lisa , Theegarten Dirk , Todt Daniel , Steinmann Eike , Buer Jan , Rath Peter-Michael , Steinmann Joerg 
Published: August 2018

AbstractExophiala dermatitidis causes chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis and fatal infections of the central nervous system of patients with Asian background. It is also found in respiratory secretions from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In this study a variety of E. dermatitidis strains (isolates from Asia, environmental and CF) were characterized in their pathogenicity by survival analyzes using two different invertebrate host organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans and Galleria mellonella. Furthermore, the morphological development of hyphal formation was analyzed. E. dermatitidis exhibited pathogenicity in C. elegans. The virulence varied in a strain-dependent manner, but the nematodes were a limited model to study hyphal formation. Analysis of a melanin-deficient mutant (Mel-3) indicates that melanin plays a role during virulence processes in C. elegans. The strains isolated from Asian patients exhibited significantly higher virulence in G. mellonella compared to strains from other sources. Histological analyzes also revealed a higher potential of invasive hyphal growth in strains isolated from Asian patients. Interestingly, no significant difference was found in virulence between the Mel-3 mutant and their wild type counterpart during infection in G. mellonella. In conclusion, invasive hyphal formation of E. dermatitidis was associated with increased virulence. This work is the basis for future studies concerning E. dermatitidis virulence.
Rigorous formulation of space-charge wake function and impedance by solving the three-dimensional Poisson equation
Authors: Shobuda Yoshihiro , Chin Yong Ho 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn typical numerical simulations, the space-charge force is calculated by slicing a beam into many longitudinal segments and by solving the two-dimensional Poisson equation in each segment. This method neglects longitudinal leakage of the space-charge force to nearby segments owing to its longitudinal spread over 1/γ. By contrast, the space-charge impedance, which is the Fourier transform of the wake function, is typically calculated directly in the frequency-domain. So long as we follow these approaches, the longitudinal leakage effect of the wake function will remain to be unclear. In the present report, the space-charge wake function is calculated directly in the time domain by solving the three-dimensional Poisson equation for a longitudinally Gaussian beam. We find that the leakage effect is insignificant for a bunch that is considerably longer than the chamber radius so long as the segment length satisfies a certain condition. We present a criterion for how finely a bunch should be sliced so that the two-dimensional slicing approach can provide a good approximation of the three-dimensional exact solution.
Wyburn-Mason Syndrome
Authors: Tomarchio Stefania , Portale Anna , Catanzaro Stefano , Polizzi Agata , Belfiore Giuseppe , Pirrone Concetta , Schepis Carmelo , Commodari Elena , Praticò Elena , Zanghì Antonio , Ruggieri Martino , Konez Orhan , Praticò Andrea 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWyburn–Mason syndrome is a very rare neurocutaneous disorder characterized by unilateral arteriovenous malformations of the midbrain associated with vascular abnormalities of eye and optic pathways, as well as multiple cutaneous nevi, reddish-bluish in color. The co-occurrence of such anomalies can be explained by an embryonic anomaly occurring in common ancestor cells, with the more severe cases related to development errors in the very early phases of gestation. Central nervous system and vision may be severely impaired: affected individuals may present with acute headache, hemiplegia, and homonymous hemianopsia in half of the cases. Seizures, cerebellar dysfunction, acute psychiatric signs, hallucinations, and temporal/spatial disorientation are reported more rarely. A progressive mental illness can become evident later in up to 30% of cases. Surgical removal is indicated only in superficially located arteriovenous malformations, while nonsurgical strategies (i.e., embolization and radiation therapy) are indicated for most of the lesions and represent the gold standard option in the treatment of this syndrome.
cAMP stimulates SLC26A3 activity in human colon by a CFTR-dependent mechanism that does not require CFTR activity
Authors: Tse Chung-Ming , Yin Jianyi , Singh Varsha , Sarker Rafiquel , Lin Ruxian , Verkman Alan S. , Turner Jerrold R. , Donowitz Mark 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground & AimsDRA (SLC26A3) is an electroneutral Cl-/HCO3- exchanger that is present in the apical domain of multiple intestinal segments. An area that has continued to be poorly understood is related to DRA regulation in acute cAMP-related diarrheas, in which DRA appears to be both inhibited as part of NaCl absorption and stimulated to contribute to increased HCO3- secretion. Different cell models expressing DRA have shown that cAMP inhibits, stimulates or does not affect its activity.MethodsThis study reevaluated cAMP regulation of DRA using new “tools” including a successful knockout cell model, a specific DRA inhibitor (DRAinh-A250), specific antibodies, and a transport assay that did not rely on non-specific inhibitors. The studies compared DRA regulation in colonoids made from normal human colon with regulation in the colon cancer cell line, Caco-2.ResultsDRA is an apical protein in human proximal colon, differentiated colonoid monolayers and Caco-2 cells. It is glycosylated and appears as two bands. cAMp(forskolin) acutely stimulated DRA activity in human colonoids and Caco-2 cells. In these cells, DRA is the predominant apical Cl-/HCO3- exchanger and is inhibited by DRAinh-A250 with IC50 of 0.5 μmol/L and 0.2 µmol/L, respectively. However, there was no effect of cAMP in HEK293/DRA cells that lacked CFTR. When CFTR was expressed in HEK293/DRA cells, cAMP also stimulated DRA activity. In all cases, cAMP stimulation of DRA was not inhibited by CFTRinh-172.ConclusionsDRA is acutely stimulated by cAMP by a process that is CFTR-dependent but appears to be one of multiple regulatory effects of CFTR that does not require CFTR activity.
Consumer perceptions of fresh leafy vegetables in Japan
Authors: Yano Yuki , Blandford David , Maruyama Atsushi , Nakamura Tetsuya 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate Japanese consumer perceptions of the benefits of consuming fresh leafy vegetables.

Design/methodology/approach
An online bulletin board survey was conducted in Japan to collect responses to an open-ended question about reasons for consuming fresh leafy vegetables. A total of 897 responses were analysed using word co-occurrence network analysis. A community detection method and centrality measures were used to interpret the resulting network map.

Findings
Using a community detection algorithm, the authors identify six major groups of words that represent respondents’ core motives for consuming leafy vegetables. While Japanese consumers view health benefits to be most important, sensory factors, such as texture, colour, and palatability, and convenience factors also influence attitudes. The authors find that centrality measures can be useful in identifying keywords that appear in various contexts of consumer responses.

Originality/value
This is the first paper to use a quantitative text analysis to examine consumer perceptions for fresh leafy vegetables. The analysis also provides pointers for creating visually interpretable co-occurrence network maps from textual data and discusses the role of community structure and centrality in interpreting such maps.
General Nicolae Rădescu: New Sources, New Perspectives, 1940s–1950s
Authors: VLADIMIROV KATYA 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this article, I share the story of General Nicolae Rădescu (1877–1953), a desolate, rebellious, rigid yet highly spiritual man trapped in a dramatic life, moving between political statesmanship and mystical illusions, tragedy and heroism, loyalty and betrayal. A highly decorated general, former prime minster of Romania, and chief of general staff during the last years of the Second World War, the leader of the Romanian opposition who ended up in exile, banished from political life. He died on ‘other shores’, alone, and in poverty.
Human leukocyte antigen DQ2/DQ8 positivity in women with history of stillbirth
Authors: Cozzolino Mauro , Serena Caterina , Calabró Antonino Salvatore , Savi Elena , Rambaldi Marianna Pina , Simeone Serena , Ottanelli Serena , Mello Giorgio , Rombolá Giovanni , Troiano Gianmarco , Nante Nicola , Vannuccini Silvia , Mecacci Federico , Petraglia Felice 
Published: August 2018

ProblemThe aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes, two common polymorphisms associate with celiac disease (CD), in women with previous stillbirth, but not affected by CD.Method of studyWomen with history of unexplained term stillbirth referred to our Center for High‐Risk Pregnancies for a preconception counseling, and women with previous uncomplicated pregnancies, were enrolled as cases and controls. Celiac women were excluded from the study. Genetic tests for HLA DQ2/DQ8 were performed, and patients’ data were compared.ResultsThe population included 56 women with a previous term stillbirth and 379 women with history of uncomplicated pregnancies. The prevalence of HLA‐DQ2 or DQ8 positivity was significantly higher in cases than in controls (50% vs 29.5%) (P = 0.0031). Women with HLA DQ8 genotype have a significantly higher risk of stillbirth (OR: 2.84 CI: 1.1840‐6.817) and in case of DQ2 genotype the OR for stillbirth was even higher (OR: 4.46 CI: 2.408‐8.270). In the stillbirth group, SGA neonates were significantly more frequent in those with HLA‐DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes than in those resulted negative to genetic testing (85.7% vs 42 .8%, P = 0.004).ConclusionIn women with history of term stillbirth, a significantly higher prevalence of HLA DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes has been found compared to women with previous uneventful pregnancies. In addition, HLA DQ2/DQ8 positivity was significantly associated with suboptimal fetal growth in intrauterine fetal death cases, as shown by an increased prevalence of SGA babies.
meteorological satellite data: archiving and availability
Authors: Pyle Robert L. 
Published: August 2018

The U. S. Weather Bureau makes copies of meteorological satellite data available to all as soon as feasible after acquisition. Archiving picture data has introduced new problems in controlling resolution and gray scale, which are quality factors not encountered in archiving digital weather data.
Copies of satellite pictures are obtainable from the Weather Bureau's National Weather Records Center in 35 mm roll film format. Pictures from recent and future near-polar orbiting satellites are also obtainable as assemblages on 8½ × 11 inch sheet film. Catalogues of picture data from each satellite describe data available and assist in determining geographical location of pictures. TIROS medium-resolution radiation data are archived on digital magnetic tape, and are obtainable as tape copies, or in various printed formats.
The Weather Bureau's TOS operational satellite system will begin in early 1966. Data processing procedures will be designed to satisfy operational needs, but all data will be archived in formats developed for TIROS or Nimbus, and with increased emphasis on digitized picture data.
belling the CAT in the sky
Authors: Dutton John A. 
Published: August 2018

The CAT in the sky, which has created a variety of problems since aviation began, is being attacked by an extensive measurement program sponsored by the United States Air Force under the code name ALLCAT.
Clear air turbulence data gathering programs at all altitudes important to modern aviation are described, and some of the meteorological applications of the data are pointed out. It is shown how a properly instrumented airplane can be used to obtain actual gust velocities. The power spectral and exceedance statistics methods used to incorporate gust measurement data in aircraft design procedure are summarized and illustrated.
The article concludes that the program will be an important step in taming all the CATS.
Coronary endothelial function and spontaneous coronary artery dissection
Authors: Waterbury Thomas M , Tweet Marysia S , Hayes Sharonne N , Prasad Abhiram , Lerman Amir , Gulati Rajiv 
Published: August 2018

Objectives: To investigate the role of endothelial function in patients with previous spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Background: Mechanisms underlying spontaneous coronary artery dissection, including a possible contribution from endothelial dysfunction, remain poorly understood. Methods: This was a single center, retrospective study of patients with a prior spontaneous coronary artery dissection episode who underwent invasive endothelial function testing in the cardiac catheterization laboratory for evaluation of recurrent chest pain. Coronary epicardial and microvascular responses to acetylcholine, adenosine, and nitroglycerine were assessed. Findings were compared to a reference group of normal controls ( n=232). Results: A total of 10 patients with prior angiographically confirmed spontaneous coronary artery dissection were referred for coronary endothelial function testing. The median coronary flow reserve was 2.8 (interquartile range (IQR) 2.3, 3.6). The median change in coronary diameter with acetylcholine was −0.9% (IQR −23.9, 4.2). The median increase in peak coronary blood flow following acetylcholine administration was 91.4% (IQR 9.1, 105.7), which was similar to the response observed in a reference group of patients (median age 51 years, 96% women) from our laboratory with normal microvascular responses to acetylcholine: 107.4% (IQR 75.5, 165.7; P=0.20). Four patients (40%) had an abnormal microvascular response to acetylcholine, with less than a 50% increase in coronary blood flow, and all but one patient had left anterior descending artery or multivessel spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Conclusion: Coronary epicardial and microvascular vasomotor dysfunction is not a predominant feature of spontaneous coronary artery dissection. Endothelial dysfunction is not implicated as the principal underlying mechanism.
Human Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Shows Local Increases in Low-Frequency Oscillations and Global Decreases in High-Frequency Oscillations Compared to Resting Wakefulness
Authors: Baird Benjamin , Castelnovo Anna , Riedner Brady A. , Lutz Antoine , Ferrarelli Fabio , Boly Melanie , Davidson Richard J. , Tononi Giulio 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIt is often assumed that during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep the cerebral cortex homogenously shows electroencephalogram (EEG) activity highly similar to wakefulness. However, to date no studies have compared neural oscillatory activity in human REM sleep to resting wakefulness with high spatial sampling. In the current study, we evaluated high-resolution topographical changes in neural oscillatory power between both early and late naturalistic REM sleep and resting wakefulness in adult humans. All-night recordings with 256-channel high-density EEG (hd-EEG) were collected in healthy volunteers (N= 12). Topographic analysis revealed that, compared to wake, both the first and last cycle of REM sleep were associated with increased low-frequency oscillations in local central and occipital regions. In contrast, high-frequency activity in both α and β bands (8–20 Hz) was globally decreased during both early and late REM sleep cycles compared to wakefulness. No significant differences in topographic power in any frequency band were observed between REM sleep cycles occurring early and late in the night. We replicated these findings in an independent dataset (N= 33). Together, our findings show that human REM sleep shows consistent topographical changes in oscillatory power across both early and late sleep cycles compared to resting wakefulness.
Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara Dalam Beragama
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim 
Published: August 2018

Agama-agama resmi di Indonesia dijamin keberadaannya oleh negara dengan adanya regulasi Undang-Undang Nomor 1/PNPS/1965 tentang Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan Dan/Atau Penodaan Agama. Namun anehnya masih ada beberapa kelompok yang ingin menghapuskan sebagian atau keseluruhan dari isi undang-undang tersebut. Seperti misalnya Musdah Mulia bersama 7 LSM yang pernah mengajukan Judicial Review terkait Undang-Undang Nomor 1/PNPS/1965 tersebut, sehingga kemudian menimbulkan pro dan kontra di tengah masyarakat. Salah satu dasar gugatannya diantaranya adanya ketidakpastian hukum, sehingga dianggap menjadi alat penekan kelompok mayoritas untuk memaksakan kebenaran kepada kelompok minoritas. DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v1i1.8198
Macan Ompong Regulasi Penyelesaian Kasus Insider Trading
Authors: Romlah Siti 
Published: August 2018

Kejahatan insider trading bukan hal asing lagi di telinga masyarakat, terutama bagi mereka yang telah terbiasa dalam dunia investasi. Insider trading (penjualan orang dalam) adalah trading of a public company’s stock or other securities (such as bonds or stock options) by individuals with access to non-public information about company. Insider Trading merupakan kejahatan yang paling sering terdengar, tak heran bila Munir Fuadi menyatakan bahwa tingkat kesulitan penegakan hukum kejahatan tersebut telah dikategorikan sebagai salah satu jenis white colar crime.DOI: 10.15408/adalah.v1i1.8201
Fonomena Korupsi Dalam Pemilihan Umum
Authors: Latifah Latifah 
Published: August 2018

Indonesia yang menganut paham demokrasi dalam sistem politiknya, tentu pemilihan umum menjadi salah satu cara melibatkan rakyat dalam berpartisipasi untuk menjalankan pemerintahan Indonesia, selain menjadi sarana penyalur hak Sosial Politiknya sebagai warga negara. Pemilu merupakan tahap penting dalam merepresentasikan perpolitikan di negara Indonesia, dengan memilih wakil rakyat untuk dijadikan pemerintah. Pemerintah yang terpilih diharapkan mampu menjalankan segala kepentingan publik, demi memajukan kesejahteraan negara dan menyelesaikan berbagai macam problematika yang terjadi di dalam negeri.
Reduction of anthropogenic loading on an agroecosystem by increasing its energy efficiency
Authors: Gnatiuk T. 
Published: August 2018

For full functioning , an artificially created agroecosystem should include qualitatively and quantitatively balanced components. This is possible if the anthropogenic burden on such a system is reduced and energy costs are balanced within it. In order to substantiate this statement, a production experiment was conducted in which short-term crop rotation was introduced on the land of an experimental field. Determination of energy efficiency of crop rotations and crop rotations in general was carried out by calculating technological maps of cultivating the corresponding crops. The higher the energy efficiency, the less the energy spent on cultivating crops and the less the cost of obtaining a unit of production from the corresponding area. After three years of research, we have determined that the most energy-intensive crop in short-term rotation is potatoes, less energy is spent on the cultivation of field pea-oat mixture, rye, oats with sowings of clover, and clover alone. The most energy-efficient was the organic fertilizer system (manure) for growing winter rye with a coefficient of energy efficiency of 5.10. For cultivation of field pea with oats for the same fertilizer system, the cultivation efficiency was 5.70. Growing oats with sowings of clover and using an organic system (manure) had an energy utility of 4.11. After application of the organic system (siderate) for the cultivation of winter rye, the coefficient of energy efficiency was 5.03 and for potatoes 2.21. After using the organoleptic system 50 : 50 to grow perennial grasses, this ratio was 33.05, and after the use of the mineral system for growing potatoes, 2.13. However for the cultivation of perennial grasses, we used the aftereffects of fertilizers introduced under the clover of the first year, and in the second year, under the perennial grasses, fertilizers were not applied at all, but for the cultivation of clover in crop rotation it is expedient to use an organomineral system of 50 : 50. Adhering to the basic principles of biological agriculture, namely the introduction of a scientifically grounded alternation of crops, rejecting the use of chemical plant protection products, avoiding the replacement of organic fertilizers (manure and siderate) by mineral fertilizers, it is possible to reduce energy costs for growing crops of crop rotation and crop rotation in general as a consequence, and thus to reduce the anthropogenic load on the whole agroecosystem .
FORMAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO PARA O CUIDADO À POPULAÇÃO HOMOSSEXUAL E BISSEXUAL: PERCEPÇÃO DO DISCENTE
Authors: Nietsche Elisabeta Albertina , Tassinari Taís Tasqueto , Ramos Tierle Kosloski , Beltrame Giana , Salbego Cleton , Cassenote Liege Gonçalves 
Published: August 2018

<p>Objetivos: conhecer a percepção de discentes de enfermagem acerca do conceito de homossexualidade e bissexualidade e analisar a percepção de discentes de enfermagem quanto a sua formação para o cuidado com homossexuais e bissexuais. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo exploratória, desenvolvida entre setembro e outubro de 2015. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se entrevista semiestruturada com discentes de graduação realizando Estágio Curricular Supervisionado. Resultados: na primeira categoria, referente às percepções dos discentes acerca do conceito de homossexualidade e bissexualidade, identificou-se dificuldade e confusão ao discorrerem sobre suas percepções; na segunda, que abordou homossexualidade e bissexualidade na formação em enfermagem, evidenciou-se que os assuntos foram contemplados de modo superficial. Conclusão: a percepção dos discentes de enfermagem acerca do conceito de homossexualidade e bissexualidade mostrou fragilidade no conhecimento das temáticas; quanto à formação para o cuidado com homossexuais e bissexuais, observou-se que o tema é abordado superficialmente nas aulas, levando-os a buscar atividades extracurriculares. </p><p>Descritores: Enfermagem. Educação em enfermagem. Estudantes de enfermagem. Homossexualidade. Minorias sexuais.</p>
O monitoramento de problemas de compreensão na construção do texto falado
Authors: Hilgert José Gaston 
Published: August 2018

Cet article a pour objet l’analyse et la description de la manière dont est construit le texte parlé, dans des situations d’échange verbal au cours desquelles les interlocuteurs doivent gérer des problèmes de compréhension. Dans un premier temps, nous examinons la notion de compréhension, en partant du principe que, dans le texte parlé, la production des significations est déterminée par les contingences mêmes du déroulement de l’interaction. Afin de souligner le caractère progressif de la compréhension, nous présentons en premier lieu quelques situations paradigmatiques du fait que la compréhension est contrôlée par les interlocuteurs, au moyen d’une confirmation préventive. Ensuite, toujours en ce qui concerne le status nascendi du texte parlé, nous envisageons la notion de problème de compréhension. Finalement, nous abordons le thème central de cet article: nous analysons comment se déroule la vérification des problèmes de compréhension et présentons un modèle explicatif ainsi que des catégories devérification.