bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Knowledge, Attitude, and Self-Reported Behaviors of Oncology Physicians Regarding Fertility Preservation in Adult Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhang Hanfeng , Wang Guorong , Jiang Bin , Cao Maoqiu , Jiang Qinghua , Yin Li , Fu Bencui , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
There is a growing concern about the fertility preservation for adult cancer patients of reproductive age. Very little literature exists about fertility preservation of cancer survivors in Chinese text. This study is first to describe the knowledge level, attitude, and practice behaviors among physicians concerning fertility preservation in adult cancer patients in China. A cross-sectional survey with 30-item was conducted to assess Chinese oncology physicians’ knowledge, attitude, and behaviors regarding fertility issues. Of 360 oncology physicians, 206 (57.2%) submitted valid questionnaires. With possible overall scores for knowledge and attitude of 9 and 15, respectively, physicians’ responses to the questionnaires were 3.91 ± 1.67 and 12.29 ± 1.23. Only 49.5% of physicians routinely informed their cancer patients of childbearing age about the risk of infertility with cancer treatment. The knowledge score of the men physicians was 2-fold that of the women. Physicians aged 20–29 years were significantly more likely than other age groups to prioritize cancer treatment over fertility concerns. Men physicians were significantly more comfortable than the women discussing fertility preservation issues and cooperating with fertility specialists. The oncology physicians in China had limited knowledge of fertility preservation and rarely discussed these issues with their patients, although their attitude was positive. Results suggest that oncology physicians would welcome an in-house fertility-related training program.

Key Messages
This is the first study to address the topic of fertility preservation as it relates to the care that oncologists provide to cancer patients in China. These results revealed the importance of providing fertility-related training program to oncology physicians. Moreover, this study should provide useful information for other Asian countries, and highlight both the similarities and differences between China and Western countries concerning the reproductive rights of patients. This study should encourage international cooperation with institutions of scientific research and education.
The Western Necropolis of Cyrene: the Wadi Belghadir road
Authors: Di Valerio Eugenio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Western Necropolis represents one of the most monumental and spectacular sections of the Cyrene cemeteries, with rock-cut monuments, still quite well preserved, along a funerary road. The earliest examples of monumental tombs in this context date to the second half of the sixth and the beginning of the fifth centuries BC, with tombs displaying rock-cut porticos in Doric, Aeolic or Ionic styles, and with the slightly later tombs having architectonic facades characterized by false ‘contracted’ porticos and overhanging lintels ending with twoacroteria, mainly dating to the fifth century. The fourth century and the Hellenistic age, in this section of the necropolis, is attested by rock-cut chamber tombs, often with painted Doric friezes, and loculi. In Roman times, apart from a few examples of new tombs, most of the Roman funerary monuments reuse earlier tombs or are tombs that have been in constant use from previous periods. These phenomena of transformation and reuse of earlier monuments are quite well know for Cyrene, but are more evident from the middle and late imperial period; in later periods we even see the total re-functionalization of the monument. The monumental appearance of the Western Necropolis and its location in a quite remote area, are unfortunately the main reasons for the destruction of the tombs, which have been quite heavily looted: marble statues, busts and portraits have particularly suffered.
Implementing a Library for Probabilistic Programming Using Non-strict Non-determinism
Authors: DYLUS SANDRA , CHRISTIANSEN JAN , TEEGEN FINN 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper presentsPFLP, a library for probabilistic programming in the functional logic programming language Curry. It demonstrates how the concepts of a functional logic programming language support the implementation of a library for probabilistic programming. In fact, the paradigms of functional logic and probabilistic programming are closely connected. That is, language characteristics from one area exist in the other and vice versa. For example, the concepts of non-deterministic choice and call-time choice as known from functional logic programming are related to and coincide with stochastic memoization and probabilistic choice in probabilistic programming, respectively. We will further see that an implementation based on the concepts of functional logic programming can have benefits with respect to performance compared to a standard list-based implementation and can even compete with full-blown probabilistic programming languages, which we illustrate by several benchmarks.
Consistency Evaluation of Precipitable Water Vapor Derived From ERA5, ERA‐Interim, GNSS, and Radiosondes Over China
Authors: Zhang Yonglin , Cai Changsheng , Chen Biyan , Dai Wujiao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs an important component of atmosphere, water vapor is highly involved in the global water cycle and energy exchange. To date, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and radiosonde techniques have been widely used to detect the water vapor content in the atmosphere. Recently, European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) has released the latest reanalysis data set, namely, ECMWF Re‐Analysis (ERA5), whose temporal and spatial resolutions have a significant improvement over its previous‐generation product of ERA‐Interim. This study aims to assess the consistency of precipitable water vapors (PWVs) derived from ERA5, ERA‐Interim, GNSS, and radiosondes during the entire year of 2017. The GNSS‐derived PWVs were obtained at 41 Crustal Movement Observation Network of China stations, while the radiosonde‐derived PWVs were acquired at the adjacent 41 radiosonde stations. The nationwide PWVs derived from the ERA5 and ERA‐Interim show root‐mean‐square (RMS) errors of 1.8 and 2.1 mm with respect to the GNSS PWVs and 2.7 and 2.8 mm with respect to the radiosonde PWVs, respectively. Besides, the RMS errors exhibit significant regional and seasonal differences. The nationwide relative RMS of the ERA5‐ and ERA‐Interim‐derived PWVs are 11.1% and 13.4% with respect to the GNSS PWVs and 16.2% and 17.8% with respect to the radiosonde PWVs, respectively. The relative RMS values show significant difference between the east and west sides of Hu line across China. Furthermore, the nationwide PWVs are obtained using GNSS data sets at over 200 Crustal Movement Observation Network of China stations to compare with the ERA5‐derived PWVs in China. Results indicate that the spatial distribution of the PWVs derived from the two data sources is quite consistent, suggesting a great application prospect of the ERA5 products in China.
Segmentation of Rifts Through Structural Inheritance: Creation of the Davis Strait
Authors: Heron P. J. , Peace A. L. , McCaffrey K. J. W. , Welford J. K. , Wilson R. , van Hunen J. , Pysklywec R. N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMesozoic‐Cenozoic rifting between Greenland and North America created the Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay, while leaving preserved continental lithosphere in the Davis Strait, which lies between them. Inherited crustal structures from a Palaeoproterozoic collision have been hypothesized to account for the tectonic features of this rift system. However, the role of mantle lithosphere heterogeneities in continental suturing has not been fully explored. Our study uses 3‐D numerical models to analyze the role of crustal and subcrustal heterogeneities in controlling deformation. We implement continental extension in the presence of mantle lithosphere suture zones and deformed crustal structures and present a suite of models analyzing the role of local inheritance related to the region. In particular, we investigate the respective roles of crust and mantle lithospheric scarring during an evolving stress regime in keeping with plate tectonic reconstructions of the Davis Strait. Numerical simulations, for the first time, can reproduce first‐order features that resemble the Labrador Sea, Davis Strait, Baffin Bay continental margins, and ocean basins. The positioning of a mantle lithosphere suture, hypothesized to exist from ancient orogenic activity, produces a more appropriate tectonic evolution of the region than the previously proposed crustal inheritance. Indeed, the obliquity of the continental mantle suture with respect to extension direction is shown here to be important in the preservation of the Davis Strait. Mantle lithosphere heterogeneities are often overlooked as a control of crustal‐scale deformation. Here, we highlight the subcrust as an avenue of exploration in the understanding of rift system evolution.
Is plasticity of synapses the mechanism of long-term memory storage?
Authors: Abraham Wickliffe C. , Jones Owen D. , Glanzman David L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt has been 70 years since Donald Hebb published his formalized theory of synaptic adaptation during learning. Hebb’s seminal work foreshadowed some of the great neuroscientific discoveries of the following decades, including the discovery of long-term potentiation and other lasting forms of synaptic plasticity, and more recently the residence of memories in synaptically connected neuronal assemblies. Our understanding of the processes underlying learning and memory has been dominated by the view that synapses are the principal site of information storage in the brain. This view has received substantial support from research in several model systems, with the vast majority of studies on the topic corroborating a role for synapses in memory storage. Yet, despite the neuroscience community’s best efforts, we are still without conclusive proof that memories reside at synapses. Furthermore, an increasing number of non-synaptic mechanisms have emerged that are also capable of acting as memory substrates. In this review, we address the key findings from the synaptic plasticity literature that make these phenomena such attractive memory mechanisms. We then turn our attention to evidence that questions the reliance of memory exclusively on changes at the synapse and attempt to integrate these opposing views.
Systematic discovery of conservation states for single-nucleotide annotation of the human genome
Authors: Arneson Adriana , Ernst Jason 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComparative genomics sequence data is an important source of information for interpreting genomes. Genome-wide annotations based on this data have largely focused on univariate scores or binary elements of evolutionary constraint. Here we present a complementary whole genome annotation approach, ConsHMM, which applies a multivariate hidden Markov model to learn de novo ‘conservation states’ based on the combinatorial and spatial patterns of which species align to and match a reference genome in a multiple species DNA sequence alignment. We applied ConsHMM to a 100-way vertebrate sequence alignment to annotate the human genome at single nucleotide resolution into 100 conservation states. These states have distinct enrichments for other genomic information including gene annotations, chromatin states, repeat families, and bases prioritized by various variant prioritization scores. Constrained elements have distinct heritability partitioning enrichments depending on their conservation state assignment. ConsHMM conservation states are a resource for analyzing genomes and genetic variants.
Atlas-Based Tongue Muscle Correlation Analysis From Tagged and High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Xing Fangxu , Stone Maureen , Goldsmith Tessa , Prince Jerry L. , El Fakhri Georges , Woo Jonghye 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles in healthy and diseased populations vary both in their intra- and intersubject behaviors during speech. Identifying coordination patterns among various tongue muscles can provide insights into speech motor control and help in developing new therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies.

Method
We present a method to analyze multisubject tongue muscle correlation using motion patterns in speech sound production. Motion of muscles is captured using tagged magnetic resonance imaging and computed using a phase-based deformation extraction algorithm. After being assembled in a common atlas space, motions from multiple subjects are extracted at each individual muscle location based on a manually labeled mask using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and a vocal tract atlas. Motion correlation between each muscle pair is computed within each labeled region. The analysis is performed on a population of 16 control subjects and 3 post–partial glossectomy patients.

Results
The floor-of-mouth (FOM) muscles show reduced correlation comparing to the internal tongue muscles. Patients present a higher amount of overall correlation between all muscles and exercise en bloc movements.

Conclusions
Correlation matrices in the atlas space show the coordination of tongue muscles in speech sound production. The FOM muscles are weakly correlated with the internal tongue muscles. Patients tend to use FOM muscles more than controls to compensate for their postsurgery function loss.
Runaways and shells around the CMa OB1 association
Authors: Fernandes B. , Montmerle T. , Santos-Silva T. , Gregorio-Hetem J. 
Published: July 2019

Context. The origin of the arc-shaped Sh 2-296 nebula is still unclear. Mainly due to its morphology, the nebula has been suggested to be a 0.5 Myr old supernova remnant (SNR) that could be inducing star formation in the CMa OB1 association. This means that the region might be an excellent laboratory for investigating the influence of massive stars on their surroundings.
Aims. We aim to show for the first time that the nebula is part of a large shell-like structure, which we have designated the “CMa shell”, enclosing a bubble created by successive supernova (SN) explosions. We identify three runaway stars, associated with bow-shock structures, in the direction of the CMa shell, and we investigate the possibility that they have originated in the center of the shell.
Methods. By analyzing images of the CMa OB1 association at several wavelengths, we clearly saw that the Sh 2-296 nebula is in fact part of a large structure that can be approximated by a large elliptical shell (with a diameter of ~60 pc). Using the recent Gaia DR2 astrometric data, we traced back the path of the three runaway stars, in order to determine their original position in the past, with relation to the CMa shell. We also revised the heating and ionization of the Sh 2-296 nebula by comparing the photon budget provided by the O stars in the region with results from radio observations.
Results. We find that the runaway stars have likely been ejected from a Trapezium-like progenitor cluster on three successive SN explosions that occurred ~6, ~2 and ~1 Myr ago. We also show that the few late-type O stars in the region cannot explain the ionization of the Sh 2-296 nebula, and that other mechanisms need to be at work.
Conclusions. We argue that although we now have evidence for several SNe events in the CMa OB1 association, the SNe probably played a minor role in triggering star formation in these clouds. In contrast, the CMa OB1 association as it is now likely testifies to the last stages of a star-forming region.
Surgical Management of Complex Enteric Fistulas in Crohn's Disease
Authors: de Campos-Lobato Luiz Felipe , Kiran Ravi P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCrohn's disease is a chronic, inflammatory bowel condition that can affect the entire digestive tract and in many cases lead to enteric fistula formation. The management of enteric fistulas can be challenging and often requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Heterogeneity of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Imaging
Authors: Rimola Jordi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTumor heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) occurs at different levels. On conventional imaging modalities, the spectrum of tumor heterogeneity is evident in the dynamic enhancement pattern, where the characteristic wash-in and wash-out is present in only 60% of small HCCs. In larger HCCs, heterogeneity within the tumor, known as the mosaic pattern, can reflect the presence of different grades of HCC differentiation. The advent of functional imaging techniques has not improved the diagnostic sensitivity of imaging techniques for the diagnosis of HCC. However, the combination of conventional and functional imaging techniques potentially allows the identification of heterogeneity in tumor vascularity, cellularity, and molecular expression.
A modern maximum-likelihood theory for high-dimensional logistic regression
Authors: Sur Pragya , Candès Emmanuel J. 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceLogistic regression is a popular model in statistics and machine learning to fit binary outcomes and assess the statistical significance of explanatory variables. Here, the classical theory of maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation is used by most software packages to produce inference. In the now common setting where the number of explanatory variables is not negligible compared with the sample size, we show that classical theory leads to inferential conclusions that cannot be trusted. We develop a theory that provides expressions for the bias and variance of the ML estimate and characterizes the asymptotic distribution of the likelihood-ratio statistic under some assumptions regarding the distribution of the explanatory variables. This theory can be used to provide valid inference.
Motile curved bacteria are Pareto-optimal
Authors: Schuech Rudi , Hoehfurtner Tatjana , Smith David J. , Humphries Stuart 
Published: July 2019

Significance
Bacteria exhibit a bewildering diversity of morphologies, but despite their impact on nearly all aspects of life, they are frequently classified into a few general categories, usually just “spheres” and “rods.” Curved-rod bacteria are one simple variation observed in many environments, particularly the ocean. However, why so many species have evolved this shape is unknown. We show that curvature can increase swimming efficiency, revealing a widely applicable selective advantage. Furthermore, we show that the distribution of cell lengths and curvatures observed across bacteria in nature is predicted by evolutionary trade-offs between three tasks influenced by shape: efficient swimming, the ability to detect chemical gradients, and reduced cost of cell construction. We therefore reveal shape as an important component of microbial fitness.
Optimal control strategies for inhibition of protein aggregation
Authors: Michaels Thomas C. T. , Weber Christoph A. , Mahadevan L. 
Published: June 2019

SignificanceA range of medical conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and type II diabetes, are linked to protein aggregation. Thus, it is imperative to develop effective therapeutic strategies to combat protein aggregation. Here, we lay out a general approach for optimizing inhibition strategies based on small molecules that suppress nucleation or growth of aggregates. Our model reveals that the optimal timing of drug administration crucially depends on whether the compound inhibits primary nucleation, secondary nucleation, or the growth of aggregates. This approach could guide the rational design of therapeutic strategies to target protein aggregation diseases.
Epistasis between antibiotic tolerance, persistence, and resistance mutations
Authors: Levin-Reisman Irit , Brauner Asher , Ronin Irine , Balaban Nathalie Q. 
Published: July 2019

SignificanceThe failure of antibiotic treatment is a major concern worldwide. Resistance is a main determinant in the survival of bacteria under antibiotics. However, it is often observed that bacteria become recalcitrant to antibiotics treatment, without developing resistance, a phenomenon termed “tolerance.” Here we explored the interactions between tolerance and resistance mutations, both experimentally and theoretically, under killing conditions. We find that tolerance and resistance mutations interact synergistically, a finding that may be important for the design of more potent treatments.
Personal narrative skills of Urdu speaking
preschoolers
Authors: Hamdani Saboor Zafar , Arshad Tehreem , Tarar Sharmeen Aslam , Kausar Rukhsana 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the personal narrative skills
of Urdu speaking preschoolers, aged between 4 and 5 years. The study also aimed
to investigate the gender differences in narrative skills, and relationship and
the predictive association between macro- and microstructure skills. A total of
80 preschoolers were recruited using two-stage sampling (convenience and
purposive). After screening the participants for intellectual functioning, three
personal narratives were collected from each participant. The results revealed
non-significant differences on the basis of age and gender. A significant
correlation was found between the macro- and microstructure skills in children.
NDW (number of different words), TNW (total number of words), and MLU (mean
length of utterance) were revealed as significant predictors of macrostructural
competencies in children. This was the first research that highlighted the
narrative skills of Urdu speaking preschoolers. Hence, the patterns identified
might help in extending the theory and research in this field.
Extraction and Stripping Behaviour Study on Gold Recovery from Printed Circuit Board
Authors: Jumain Jalil Mohd , Md Zaini Mohd Saufi , Suhada Azmi Intan , Farahanim Wan Shah Nik Nur 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Single extraction was used to investigate the suitable condition parameters of temperature and agitation speed in extracting gold, Au (III) from printed circuit board (PCB). Extractant di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) was mixed with thiourea leaching solution. From the extraction system, the optimised conditions are the temperature of 45°C and the agitation speed of 300rpm and obtained 88% of percentage of extraction (%E). In order to enhance the recovery of Au(III), three samples underwent stripping process, the results from three samples which are sample 1,2 and 3 showed the percentage of stripping efficiency (%S) were 50.37%, 29.58% and 25.64% respectively. The results of FTIR showed the presence of C-H and C-O bond in waste cooking oil and after addition of D2EHPA into the diluent the P-O-H, P-O-C and O-H vibration band were appeared.
Torrefaction of biomass macroalga Ulva intestinalis using TGA
Authors: Mokhtar M F M , Munajat N F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The torrefaction of Malaysian marine biomass specie called Ulva intestinalis was studied using thermogravimetric analyser (TGA). The torrefaction temperature and residence time were varied in the range of 200 – 300 °C and 30 – 90 minutes, respectively. The chemical functional groups in the torrefied U. intestinalis were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). TGA results showed that the torrefaction temperature has a greater influence on the weight loss and changes in the U. intestinalis’s properties after the torrefaction as compared to the torrefaction time. The increased in fixed carbon (FC), and carbon (C) content and decreased in volatile matter (VM), moisture content (MC) and oxygen (O) with the severity of torrefaction reflects the improvement of calorific values for the torrefied U. intestinalis. Analysis of the FTIR showed that the torrefaction decreased the spectra intensity of the main functional groups (O-H, C=C, C-O and C-H) as a consequence of structural alteration within the biomass. The present findings may provide useful information for the development of industrial torrefaction processes to turn U. intestinalis into a carbon enrichment solid fuel.