bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum gauge transformation, gauge-invariant extension and angular momentum decomposition in Abelian Higgs model
Authors: Sun Israel Weimin 
Published: November 2018

I discuss the momentum and angular momentum decomposition problem in the Abelian Higgs model. The usual gauge-invariant extension (GIE) construction is incorporated naturally into the framework of quantum gauge transformation à la Strocchi and Wightman and with this, I investigate the momentum and angular momentum separation in a class of GIE conditions which correspond to the so-called “static gauges”. Using this language, I find that the so-called “generator criterion” does not generally hold even for the dressed physical field. In the case of U(1) symmetry breaking, I generalize the standard GIE construction to include the matter field degrees of freedom so that the usual separation pattern of momentum and angular momentum in the unitarity gauge can be incorporated into the same universal framework. When the static gauge condition could not uniquely fix the gauge, I show that this GIE construction should be expanded to take into account the residual gauge symmetry. In some cases, I reveal that the usual momentum or angular momentum separation pattern in terms of the physical dressed field variables needs some type of modification due to the nontrivial commutator structure of the underlying quantum gauge choice. Finally, I give some remarks on the general GIE constructions in connection with the possible commutator issues and modification of momentum and angular momentum separation patterns.
Compatibility Between Wind Turbines and the Radio Astronomy Service
Authors: Winkel Benjamin , Jessner Axel 
Published: November 2018

Modern radio astronomical facilities are able to detect extremely weak electromagnetic signals not only from the universe but also from man-made radio frequency interference of various origins. These range from wanted signals to unwanted out-of-band emission of radio services and applications to electromagnetic interference produced by all kinds of electronic and electric devices. Energy harvesting wind turbines are not only equipped with electric power conversion hardware but also copious amounts of electronics to control and monitor the turbines. A wind turbine in the vicinity of a radio telescope could therefore lead to harmful interference, corrupting the measured astronomical data. Many observatories seek to coordinate placement of new wind farms with wind turbine manufacturers and operators, as well as with the local planning authorities, to avoid such a situation. In our study, we provide examples as well as guidelines for the determination of the separation distances between wind turbines and radio observatories, to enable a benign co-existence for both. The proposed calculations entail three basic steps. At first, the anticipated maximum emitted power level based on the European EN 550011 ( CISPR, 2015 ) standard, which applies to industrial devices, is determined. Then secondly, the propagation loss along the path to the radio receiver is computed via a model provided by the international telecommunication union. Finally, the received power is compared to the permitted power limit that pertains in the protected radio astronomical observing band under consideration. This procedure may be carried out for each location around a telescope site, in order to obtain a map of potentially problematic wind turbine positions.
TFCC Lesions in Children and Adolescents: Open Treatment
Authors: Pfanner Sandra , Diaz Lorenzo , Ghargozloo Dariush , Denaro Vincenzo , Ceruso Massimo 
Published: November 2018

Background: There has been little discussion regarding the lesion of the TFCC in pediatric and adolescent patients. This study examines 11 cases treated with open technique. Methods: Range of motion (ROM), strength and functional scores (QUICK DASH, PWRE, VAS pain, and NAKAMURA score) were evaluated. Results: The mean postoperative flexion-extension arc was 95% of the contralateral side, the radio-ulnar deviation 91% of the contralateral side and the pronation-supination arc 94% of the unaffected side. Grip strength was 85.6% of the uninjured wrist, pinch was 88%. The mean PRWE decreased from 84.4 to 9.85 postoperatively. The mean Q-DASH scored 10.4. The VAS pain under stress decreased from a mean of 6.8 to a mean of 2.27, while at rest it decreased from a mean of 5 to a mean of 0.5. The final clinical results obtained by Nakamura score were 2 excellent, 6 good and 3 fair. Conclusions: This study emphasizes that open surgical TFCC repair is a safe and reliable therapeutic procedure in children and adolescent populations.
Description and Clinical Assessment of the Bone Block Tendon Interposition Technique for the Management of Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Cardozo Diego F. Rincon , Martinez Wynston J. Alvarez , Lopez Jhon F. Castañeda , Maldonado Fredy A. Angarita , Neira Juliana A. Rojas , Goeta Álvaro A. Kafury 
Published: November 2018

Background: Pellegrini’s surgical technique is the most useful for thumb carpometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. The purpose of this paper is to describe the technique of a modified version using a bone block in the tunnel through which the flexor carpi radialis tendon is passed (BBTI). Methods: Case series of patients diagnosed with osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint, in stage II or higher based on Eaton’s classification, that were intervened using the BBTI technique for a 2-year period. Grip and pinch strength, range of motion, and 1–2 metacarpal angle were evaluated. Pain and function were measured using the visual analogue scale and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) scale. Results: The study included 16 cases in 14 patients (11 women and 3 men), with an average age of 55.7 ± 7.1 years. Encouraging results were obtained, with an average DASH score of 24.3 ± 17.9 and a minimum VAS pain score. A total of 58% showed a grip strength of over 80% and the postoperative movement was equivalent to the contralateral limb. No cases of infection were reported, and only two minor complications were observed. Conclusions: The BBTI technique is a surgical option that incorporates an interference screw, offering good functional results for managing osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint, with a similar complication rate to that of the original technique.
The Treatment of Distal Radius Fractures with Ipsilateral Elbow Injury
Authors: Kim Tae Gyun , Heo Youn Moo , Yi Jin Woong , Oh Byung Hak , Lee Gi Soo 
Published: November 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the functional outcomes of simultaneous distal radius fractures (DRFs) and ipsilateral elbow injuries (IEI) and to evaluate whether the DRFs and IEI affect each other’s outcomes.Methods: From February 2008 to March 2015, 29 of 846 patients treated for DRFs were found to be associated with IEI and 26 patients with follow-up over 12 months were enrolled. There were 12 men and 14 women with a mean age of 55 years (range, 17–86 years). Associated IEI was divided into fracture group (10 patients) and dislocation group (16 patients). Clinical outcomes of DRFs and IEI were evaluated using the Gartland and Werley score and Mayo Elbow Performance Score, respectively. A correlation between the wrist scoring and the elbow scoring was analyzed. In addition, the wrist scoring between fracture group and dislocation group of the elbow was compared.Results: The DRFs was rated as excellent in 14 patients, good in seven patients, and fair in five patients. The IEI was rated as excellent in 12 patients, good in 11 patients, fair in two patients, and poor in one patient. Acceptable outcome rate of both DRFs and concomitant IEI was 73%, although that of DRFs and IEI was 81% and 88%, respectively. A correlation between the wrist outcome and the elbow outcome showed a negative linear relationship (Spearman rho = −0.435, p = 0.026). In addition, there was no difference in the outcome of DRFs between ipsilateral elbow fractures group and dislocation group.Conclusions: As a correlation of DRFs and ipsilateral IEI have a linear relationship, the functional outcomes of both injuries are related to each other. Therefore, we recommend that combined injuries should be managed appropriately at the same time for contended recovery of the wrist and elbow.
Onuphionella corusca
sp. nov.: an early Cambrian-type agglutinated tube from Upper Ordovician strata of Morocco
Authors: Muir Lucy A. , Botting Joseph P. , Walker Steven N. A. , Schiffbauer James D. , MacGabhann Breandán Anraoi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

A variety of unrelated organisms produce agglutinated tubes as dwelling structures, and the habit has persisted since the Neoproterozoic.
Onuphionella
, an agglutinated tube composed of mica flakes, has been found in lower Cambrian strata on several palaeocontinents. In this paper, a new species of the genus,
Onuphionella corusca
sp. nov., is described from the Sandbian (Upper Ordovician) First Bani Group of the Erfoud region, Morocco. The First Bani Group was formed in a storm-dominated shelf environment below fair-weather wave base. The agglutinated tubes are found in abundance on numerous bedding surfaces, possibly representing repeated colonization between storm events, and the tube maker must have been a major part of the local ecosystem. This is the first report of
Onuphionella
from Ordovician rocks and the first from Gondwana.

Supplementary material:
Data tables for major oxide and trace element results are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.4283612
Transgenic expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in pancreatic acinar cells induces chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Huang Haojie , Chen Jiaxiang , Peng Lisi , Yao Yao , Deng Defeng , Zhang Yang , Liu Yan , Wang Huamin , Li Zhaoshen , Bi Yan , Haddock Ashley N. , Zhan Xianbao , Lu Weiqin , Logsdon Craig D. , Ji Baoan 
Published: November 2018

Replacement of the exocrine parenchyma by fibrous tissue is a main characteristic of chronic pancreatitis. Understanding the mechanisms of pancreatic fibrogenesis is critical for the development of preventive and therapeutic interventions. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a rate-limiting enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis, is expressed in patients with chronic pancreatitis. However, it is unknown whether COX-2 can cause chronic pancreatitis. To investigate the roles of pancreatic acinar COX-2 in fibrogenesis and the development of chronic pancreatitis, COX-2 was ectopically expressed specifically in pancreatic acinar cells in transgenic mice. Histopathological changes and expression levels of several profibrogenic factors related to chronic pancreatitis were evaluated. COX-2 was expressed in the pancreas of the transgenic mice, as detected by Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemical staining showed COX-2 was specifically expressed in pancreatic acinar cells. COX-2 expression led to progressive changes in the pancreas, including pancreas megaly, persistent inflammation, collagen deposition, and acinar-to-ductal metaplasia. Quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining showed that profibrogenic factors were upregulated and pancreatic stellate cells were activated in the COX-2 transgenic mice. Expression of COX-2 in pancreatic acinar cells is sufficient to induce chronic pancreatitis. Targeting this pathway may be valuable in the prevention of chronic pancreatitis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY COX-2 expression is observed in pancreatic tissues of human chronic pancreatitis. In this study, we showed that COX-2 expression caused the development of chronic pancreatitis in transgenic mice, supporting the idea that COX-2 inhibition may be an effective preventive and therapeutic strategy.
A novel role for programmed cell death receptor ligand 2 in sepsis-induced hepatic dysfunction
Authors: Rossi Anne-Lise , Le Marilyn , Chung Chun-Shiang , Chen Yaping , Fallon Eleanor A. , Matoso Andres , Xu Shumin , Chun Tristen T. , Erickson Craig P. , Ayala Alfred 
Published: November 2018

The liver is an organ that, when dysfunctional in a septic patient, is strongly associated with morbidity and mortality. Understanding the pathophysiology of liver failure during sepsis may lead to improved diagnostics and potential therapeutic targets. Historically, programmed cell death receptor (PD) ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been considered the primary ligand for its checkpoint molecule counterpart, PD-1, with PD-L2 rarely in the immunopathological spotlight. PD-1 and PD-L1 contribute to liver dysfunction in a murine cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model of sepsis, but virtually nothing is known about PD-L2’s role in sepsis. Therefore, our central hypothesis was that sepsis-induced changes in hepatic PD-L2 expression contributed to worsened liver function and, subsequently, more pronounced morbidity and mortality. We found that although PD-L1 gene deficiency attenuated the hepatic dysfunction seen in wild-type mice after CLP, the loss of PD-L2 appeared to actually worsen indices of liver function along with a trend toward higher liver tissue vascular permeability. Conversely, some protective effects of PD-L2 gene deletion were noted, such as reduced liver/peritoneal bacterial load and reduced IL-6, IL-10, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 levels following CLP. These diverse actions, as well as the unique expression pattern of PD-L2, may explain why no overt survival advantage could be witnessed in the septic PD-L2−/− mice. Taken together, these data suggest that although PD-L2 has some selective effects on the hepatic response seen in the septic mouse, these factors are not sufficient to alter septic mortality in this adult murine model. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study shows not only that ligands of the checkpoint protein PD-1 respond inversely to a stressor such as septic challenge (PD-L2 declines, whereas PD-L1 rises) but also that aspects of liver dysfunction increase in septic mice lacking the PD-L2 gene. Furthermore, these differences in PD-L2 gene-deficient animals culminated in the abrogation of the survival advantage seen in the septic PD-L1-knockout mice, suggesting that PD-L2 may have roles beyond a simple immune tolerogen.
Dysfunction of muscle contraction with impaired intracellular Ca2+handling in skeletal muscle and the effect of exercise training in maledb/dbmice
Authors: Eshima Hiroaki , Tamura Yoshifumi , Kakehi Saori , Nakamura Kyoko , Kurebayashi Nagomi , Murayama Takashi , Kakigi Ryo , Sakurai Takashi , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka 
Published: November 2018

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by reduced contractile force production and increased fatigability of skeletal muscle. While the maintenance of Ca2+homeostasis during muscle contraction is a requisite for optimal contractile function, the mechanisms underlying muscle contractile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes are unclear. Here, we investigated skeletal muscle contractile force and Ca2+flux during contraction and pharmacological stimulation in type 2 diabetic model mice ( db/db mice). Furthermore, we investigated the effect of treadmill exercise training on muscle contractile function. In male db/db mice, muscle contractile force and peak Ca2+levels were both lower during tetanic stimulation of the fast-twitch muscles, while Ca2+accumulation was higher after stimulation compared with control mice. While 6 wk of exercise training did not improve glucose tolerance, exercise did improve muscle contractile dysfunction, peak Ca2+levels, and Ca2+accumulation following stimulation in male db/db mice. These data suggest that dysfunctional Ca2+flux may contribute to skeletal muscle contractile dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and that exercise training may be a promising therapeutic approach for dysfunctional skeletal muscle contraction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The purpose of this study was to examine muscle contractile function and Ca2+regulation as well as the effect of exercise training in skeletal muscle in obese diabetic mice ( db/db). We observed impairment of muscle contractile force and Ca2+regulation in a male type 2 diabetic animal model. These dysfunctions in muscle were improved by 6 wk of exercise training.
Voluntary running protects against neuromuscular dysfunction following hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion in mice
Authors: Wilson Rebecca J. , Drake Joshua C. , Cui Di , Ritger Matthew L. , Guan Yuntian , Call Jarrod A. , Zhang Mei , Leitner Lucia M. , Gödecke Axel , Yan Zhen 
Published: November 2018

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) due to temporary restriction of blood flow causes tissue/organ damages under various disease conditions, including stroke, myocardial infarction, trauma, and orthopedic surgery. In the limbs, IR injury to motor nerves and muscle fibers causes reduced mobility and quality of life. Endurance exercise training has been shown to increase tissue resistance to numerous pathological insults. To elucidate the impact of endurance exercise training on IR injury in skeletal muscle, sedentary and exercise-trained mice (5 wk of voluntary running) were subjected to ischemia by unilateral application of a rubber band tourniquet above the femur for 1 h, followed by reperfusion. IR caused significant muscle injury and denervation at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as early as 3 h after tourniquet release as well as depressed muscle strength and neuromuscular transmission in sedentary mice. Despite similar degrees of muscle atrophy and oxidative stress, exercise-trained mice had significantly reduced muscle injury and denervation at NMJ with improved regeneration and functional recovery following IR. Together, these data suggest that endurance exercise training preserves motor nerve and myofiber structure and function from IR injury and promote functional regeneration. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work provides the first evidence that preemptive voluntary wheel running reduces neuromuscular dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. These findings may alter clinical practices in which a tourniquet is used to modulate blood flow.
Effect of menopause and exercise training on plasma apolipoprotein M and sphingosine-1-phosphate
Authors: Yafasova Adelina , Mandrup Camilla M. , Egelund Jon , Nyberg Michael , Stallknecht Bente , Hellsten Ylva , Nielsen Lars B. , Christoffersen Christina 
Published: November 2018

The axis of apolipoprotein M (apoM) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is of importance to plasma lipid levels, endothelial function, and development of atherosclerosis. Menopause is accompanied by dyslipidemia and an increased risk of atherosclerosis, which can be lowered by exercise training. The aim of this study was to explore if effects of menopause and training are paralleled by changes in the apoM/S1P axis. Healthy, late premenopausal [ n = 38, age 49.2 (SD 2)] and recent postmenopausal [ n = 37, age 53.3 (SD 3)] women from the Copenhagen Women Study participated in a 3-mo, aerobic high-intensity exercise intervention. Before training, plasma apoM was higher in postmenopausal [1.08 µmol/l (SD 0.2)] compared with premenopausal [0.82 µmol/l (SD 0.2)] women ( P < 0.0001). Plasma S1P was similar in the two groups [0.44 µmol/l (SD 0.1) and 0.46 µmol/l (SD 0.1), respectively]. Thus, the pretraining S1P/apoM ratio was 26% lower in postmenopausal than premenopausal women ( P < 0.0001). After the training program, plasma apoM increased from 0.82 µmol/l (SD 0.2) to 0.90 µmol/l (SD 0.3) in premenopausal women and from 1.08 µmol/l (SD 0.2) to 1.16 µmol/l (SD 0.3) in postmenopausal women ( P < 0.05). Plasma S1P increased from 0.44 µmol/l (SD 0.1) to 0.47 µmol/l (SD 0.1) in premenopausal women and from 0.46 µmol/l (SD 0.1) to 0.48 µmol/l (SD 0.1) in postmenopausal women ( P < 0.05). The results suggest that menopause is accompanied by higher plasma apoM but not S1P concentrations and that exercise training increases plasma apoM and S1P in healthy middle-aged women irrespective of menopausal status. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The apolipoprotein M/sphingosine-1-phosphate (apoM/S1P) complex is involved in maintaining a healthy endothelial barrier function. Our study is the first, to our knowledge, to show how menopause affects the apoM/S1P axis. The results suggest that menopause is accompanied by higher plasma apoM but not S1P concentrations. Second, to our knowledge the study is also the first to show that exercise training increases both apoM/S1P in women irrespective of menopausal status.
Molecular Profiling of Cohorts of Tumor Samples to Guide Clinical Development of Pembrolizumab as Monotherapy
Authors: Ayers Mark , Nebozhyn Michael , Cristescu Razvan , McClanahan Terrill K. , Perini Rodolfo , Rubin Eric , Cheng Jonathan D. , Kaufman David R. , Loboda Andrey 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPurpose:Molecular profiling of large databases of human tumor gene expression profiles offers novel opportunities for informing decisions in clinical development programs.Experimental Design:Gene expression profile of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was explored in a dataset of 16,000 samples, including approximately 4,000 metastatic tumors, across &gt;25 tumor types prevalent in the United States, looking for new indications for the programmed death 1 (PD-1) inhibitor pembrolizumab. PD-L1 expression was highly concordant with several genomic signatures indicative of immune-inflamed tumor microenvironment. Prevalence of activated immune-inflamed tumors across all tumor types was explored and used to rank tumor types for potential response to pembrolizumab monotherapy.Results:The analysis yielded 3 tiers of indications in which high levels of PD-L1 and immune-inflamed signatures were found in up to 40% to 60%, 20% to 40%, and 0% to 20% of tumors. Tier 1 contained novel indications known at the time of analysis to be responsive to PD-1 checkpoint blockade in the clinic (such as melanoma and non–small cell lung cancer), as well as indications not studied in the clinic previously, including microsatellite instability–high colorectal, head and neck, bladder, and triple-negative breast cancers. Complementary analysis of an Asian/Pacific cancer dataset (gastric cancer) revealed high prevalence of immune-inflamed tumors in gastric cancer. These data contributed to prioritization of these indications for clinical development of pembrolizumab as monotherapy.Conclusions:Data highlight the value of molecular profiling in identifying populations with high unmet needs with potentially favorable response characteristics and accelerating development of novel therapies for these patients.See related commentary by Mansfield and Jen, p. 1443
CONSIDERACIONES SOBRE LA RELACIÓN ENTRE PASIÓN Y RAZÓN EN LA FILOSOFÍA DE BARUCH SPINOZA: LA IMITACIÓN AFECTIVA PARA UNA COMUNIDAD
Authors: Farga Gisel 
Published: November 2018

El presente artículo intentará atravesar una pequeña parte de la cartografía afectiva spinozista. Nos detendremos en la idea de imitación afectiva, momento en el que la categoría de otro - expresión de la exterioridad - se presenta como un desconocido de quien, a pesar de no haber tenido un encuentro específico, podemos sentirnos afectados. Desandar los caminos de la mimesis afectiva nos permite establecer un origen social afectivo que como tal descubrirá la importancia que tienen los afectos en la vida en común de los hombres. En otros términos, mostraremos el rol esencial que posee la vida afectiva en el origen de la comunidad a partir de una primera unión producto de un afecto común.
TRÊS ENSAIOS SOBRE lOCKE (LEO STRAUSS, C. B. MACPHERSON E JAMES TULLY): OU RECONSTRUINDO O SUJEITO LIBERAL
Authors: Souza Ronaldo Tadeu de 
Published: November 2018

O artigo procura apresentar três interpretações contemporâneas da filosofia político de John Locke. A saber, Leo Strauss, C. B. Macpherson e James Tully. A partir desses três hermeneutas se problematiza a noção de sujeito liberal em Locke e como ele se apresenta na leitura daqueles autores e no próprio texto do filósofo.