bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of saline groundwater infiltration into two loam soils
Authors: Sun Junna , He Fuhong , Zhang Zhenhua , Shao Hongbo , Pan Yinghua , Yang Runya , Li Wenxue , Li Peng , Zheng Mengzhu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIrrigation with saline groundwater may cause salt accumulation in the soil and even land degradation in coastal areas. The aim of this study was to reveal how the changes in groundwater salinity affect the infiltration characteristics under controlled conditions. One‐dimensional vertical infiltration experiments were conducted in uniform columns of silty clay‐loam and sandy‐loam under different salinity levels of irrigation groundwater (0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 g L−1 NaCl). The results showed that as groundwater salinity increased, the infiltration capacity of the silty clay‐loam increased under low salinity levels but decreased under higher salinity levels, with a turning point at the salinity of 6 g L−1 NaCl. However, there were no significant differences in the infiltration capacity of the sandy‐loam under salinity levels of 1–9 g L−1 NaCl, whereas a significant increase was found under 12 g L−1 NaCl. The infiltration capacity of the sandy‐loam was consistently higher compared with the silty clay‐loam under different salinity levels. Under short‐term irrigation with a conventional amount of 750–900 m3 ha−1, extracting groundwater with the salinity of <6 g L−1 NaCl obtained higher desalination efficiency in the silty clay‐loam and resulted in less salt accumulation in the surface soil (0–20 cm). Under the same amount of irrigation with groundwater containing 1–12 g L−1 NaCl, the increase of soil salt content was relatively small in the sandy‐loam and might not significantly affect crop growth.
Isotopic biogeochemical indicators of evapotranspiration and nitrogen flows in a check‐dam catchment in the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Chen Shibo , Huang Yong , Wang Linhua , Chen Weiliang , Wang Yafeng , Gao Yang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe increasingly fragile environment and associative nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycle have become critical environmental and ecological issues in China's Loess Plateau. However, N flow and N source for typical catchments remain poorly understood in the Loess Plateau. In this study, we measured concentrations and isotopic signatures of N, hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) in both rainfall and river water. Results showed that baseflow variation in total nitrogen (TN) concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 32.70 mg L−1. The monthly TN deposition flux and monthly TN wet deposition concentration to river water were shown significant variations between rainy and dry seasons. The range of variation in δ2H values for rainfall and baseflow was from −90.0‰ to 19.8‰ and from −67.2‰ to −38.4‰, respectively, whereas δ18O–H2O values ranged from −12.1‰ to +2.7‰ and from −9.3‰ to −3.6‰, respectively. The Local Meteoric Water Line in the check‐dam catchment was δ2H = 7.35 δ18O + 2.29 (R2 = 0.93). Furthermore, NO3− δ15N and δ18O values in baseflow ranged from −2.0‰ to +20.5‰ and from +8.0‰ to +15.6‰, respectively. The results indicated that rainfall was affected by below‐cloud secondary evaporation and caused strong isotopic kinetic fractionation to occur during the precipitation process. The NO3− in runoff was mainly derived from the nitrification of soil organic matter and manure or sewage, for which the proportion of manure or sewage was from 50.5% to 83%.
DPFGSE‐MDEC‐J‐resolved COSY: An efficient method for selectively measuring proton–proton spin coupling constants of the multiplet signals
Authors: Furihata Kazuo , Tashiro Mitsuru 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNatural products such as polyketides often possess various spin systems, consisting of a methine group directly bonded to a methyl group (e.g., ─CHA─CHB(CH3)─CHC─). The methine proton HB splits into a broadened multiplet by coupling with several vicinal protons, rendering analysis difficult of nJH–H with respect to HB in double‐quantum filtered COSY or exclusive COSY. For the purpose of measuring nJH–H in the aforesaid spin system, we have developed new techniques, named multifrequency homo‐decoupling (MDEC)‐J‐resolved COSY and DPFGSE‐MDEC‐J‐resolved COSY. This method incorporates MDEC pulse scheme into J‐resolved COSY for the selective decouple of individual methyl groups, avoiding decoupling of the target protons resonating in methyl region. Determinations of nJH–H of the multiplet signals can easily be performed using the proposed pulse sequence.
An adaptive remeshing procedure for discontinuous finite element limit analysis
Authors: Zhang Rui , Li Liang , Zhao Lianheng , Tang Gaopeng 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAn adaptive remeshing procedure is proposed for discontinuous finite element limit analysis. The procedure proceeds by iteratively adjusting the element sizes in the mesh to distribute local errors uniformly over the domain. To facilitate the redefinition of element sizes in the new mesh, the interelements discontinuous field of elemental bound gaps is converted into a continuous field, ie, the intensity of bound gap, using a patch‐based approximation technique. An analogous technique is subsequently used for the approximation of element sizes in the old mesh. With these information, an optimized distribution of element sizes in the new mesh is defined and then scaled to match the total number of elements specified for each iteration in the adaptive remeshing process. Finally, a new mesh is generated using the advancing front technique. This adaptive remeshing procedure is repeated several times until an optimal mesh is found. Additionally, for problems involving discontinuous boundary loads, a novel algorithm for the generation of fan‐type meshes around singular points is proposed explicitly and incorporated into the main adaptive remeshing procedure. To demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed method, some classical examples extracted from the existing literary works are studied in detail.
Development of an orthotopic canine prostate cancer model expressing human GRPr
Authors: Tweedle Michael F. , Ding Haiming , Drost William T. , Dowell Joshua , Spain James , Joseph Mathew , Elshafae Said M. , Menendez Maria‐Isabela , Gong Li , Kothandaraman Shankaran , Dirksen Wessel P. , Wright Chadwick L. , Bahnson Robert , Knopp Michael V. , Rosol Thomas J. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAce‐1 canine prostate cancer cells grow orthotopically in cyclosporine immunosuppressed laboratory beagles. We previously transfected (human Gastrin‐Releasing Peptide Receptor, huGRPr) into Ace‐1 cells and demonstrated receptor‐targeted NIRF imaging with IR800‐G‐Abz4‐t‐BBN, an agonist to huGRPr. Herein, we used the new cell line to develop the first canine prostate cancer model expressing a human growth factor receptor.MethodsDogs were immunosuppressed with cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisolone, and methylprednisolone. Their prostate glands were implanted with Ace‐1huGRPr cells. The implantation wounds were sealed with a cyanoacrylic adhesive to prevent extraprostatic tumor growth. Intraprostatic tumors grew in 4‐5 week. A lobar prostatic artery was then catheterized via the carotid artery and 25‐100 nmol IR800‐Abz4‐t‐BBN was infused in 2 mL followed by euthanasia in dogs 1‐2, and recovery for 24 h before euthanasia in dogs 3‐6. Excised tissues were imaged optically imaged, and histopathology performed.ResultsDog1 grew no tumors with cyclosporine alone. Using the four drug protocol, Dogs 2‐6 grew abundant 1‐2 mm intracapsular and 1‐2 cm intraglandular tumors. Tumors grew >5 cm when the prostate cancer cells became extracapsular. Dogs 4‐6 with sealed prostatic capsule implantation sites had growth of intracapsular and intraglandular tumors and LN metastases at 5 weeks. High tumor to background BPH signal in the NIRF images of sectioned prostate glands resulted from the 100 nmol dose (∼8 nmol/kg) in dogs 2‐4 and 50 nmol dose in dog 5, but not from the 25 nmol dose in Dog 6. Imaging of mouse Ace‐1huGRPr tumors required an intravenous dose of 500 nmol/kg body wt. A lymph node that drained the prostate gland was detectable in Dog 4. Histologic findings confirmed the imaging data.ConclusionAce‐1huGRPr cells created viable, huGRPr‐expressing tumors when implanted orthotopically into immune‐suppressed dogs. Local delivery of an imaging agent through the prostatic artery allowed a very low imaging dose, suggesting that therapeutic agents could be used safely for treatment of early localized intraglandular prostate cancer as adjuvant therapy for active surveillance or focal ablation therapies, or for treating multifocal intraglandular disease where focal ablation therapies are not indicated or ineffective.
Binary decision diagram–based methods for risk assessment of systems subject to propagated failures and parametric uncertainties
Authors: Qiu Siqi , Ming Henry X.G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractPropagated failures between components mean that the failure of one component may cause the failures of other components within the system. Because propagated failures contribute greatly to the system unavailability, it is important to take into account propagated failures between components when modeling systems. Sometimes, it may be difficult to obtain the precise values of some parameters due to many reasons, such as the insufficiency of historical data and the randomness of statistical data. In this case, interval values can be given instead of precise values to represent the parametric uncertainty related to the values of parameters. This paper proposes explicit and implicit binary decision diagram–based methods to model systems subject to propagated failures and to evaluate the failure probability of systems under parametric uncertainty. The proposed methods are applied to a near head‐to‐head railway accident to evaluate the occurrence probability of accidents.
Firm non‐market capabilities and the effect of supranational institutional safeguards on the location choice of international investments
Authors: Albino‐Pimentel Joao , Dussauge Pierre , Shaver J. Myles 
Published: July 2018

Research Summary: We investigate the extent to which firms rely on supranational institutional safeguards versus their non‐market capabilities to offset the risks of investing abroad. We argue that firms with non‐market capabilities are insensitive to supranational institutional safeguards when choosing the location of their international investments. We show that supranational agreements between an investor's home and host nation, operationalized as bilateral investment treaties (BITs), increase the likelihood of investment, but there is substantial firm heterogeneity with respect to this relationship. Firms with various forms of non‐market capabilities are not sensitive to BITs, whereas other firms are more likely to invest under BITs. We advance the understanding of how firm non‐market capabilities can substitute for supranational institutional arrangements in addressing risks associated with host country institutional weaknesses.Managerial Summary: The risk of expropriation is one of the main concerns companies have when investing abroad. Because of this, many countries implement bilateral investment treaties (BITs) to safeguard foreign investments, alleviate foreign investor concerns, and promote investments. We show that only those companies without political competence or political connections favor countries with BITs when choosing where to invest. Companies with political competence or political connections, on the other hand, ignore BITs and apparently rely on their ability to influence governments whenever their foreign investments face expropriation threats. As a result, politically connected or competent companies can enter markets most of their competitors lacking these capabilities shy away from. They can, therefore, do business in environments in which they face less competition.
Successful simultaneous transcatheter treatment for a secundum atrial septal defect complicated by valvular pulmonary stenosis in an infant
Authors: Asada Dai , Tomita Hideshi , Fujii Takanari 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOnly few reports have described successful simultaneous transcatheter intervention for CHD in infants. We present an infant with secundum atrial septal defect complicated by valvular pulmonary stenosis. Percutaneous transcatheter pulmonary valvuloplasty was performed first, followed by transcatheter closure of the secundum atrial septal defect uneventfully. Simultaneous transcatheter correction is an effective therapeutic option even in infants.
Penta-band microstrip patch antenna with small frequency ratios using metamaterial for wireless applications
Authors: Chaurasia Praveen , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Dwari Santanu , Khandelwal Mukesh Kumar 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA novel shape penta-band microstrip patch antenna is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna shows five operating frequencies and can be used for various wireless applications, i.e. 2.58 GHz for non-direct line of sight, wireless Internet service providers, and compatible with Navini Networks; 3.17 and 3.42 GHz for WiMAX; 4 GHz for C-band application such as weather radar systems; and 5.3 GHz for higher WLAN. Very small frequency ratios of the values 1.2286, 1.078, 1.169, and 1.325 are achieved between two consecutive resonant frequencies. Antenna design techniques for achieving five bands are presented and discussed step by step. The analysis is done by Ansoft HFSS v.15, and results are verified with experimental results of fabricated prototypes.
Design and performance analysis of dual-band wearable compact low-profile antenna for body-centric wireless communications
Authors: Al-Sehemi Abdullah , Al-Ghamdi Ahmed , Dishovsky Nikolay , Atanasov Nikolay , Atanasova Gabriela 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we present a novel dual-band wearable compact flexible antenna for body-centric wireless communications (BCWCs). The design is based on a modified planar dipole with parasitic elements, meandered lines, and a rectangular reflector embedded into a hydrophobic rubber-textile multilayer substrate in order to get both good antenna performance and mechanical properties. The antenna's structure is analyzed and optimized in free space (FS), on a numerical and an experimental homogeneous flat phantom. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 50 mm × 40 mm × 4.6 mm and a prototype mass of 11 g, which makes it suitable for practical applications in BCWCs. The built prototype resonated at 2.47 GHz with a |S11|−26.90 dB and at 5.42 GHz with a |S11|−24.60 dB in the FS. The measured bandwidths are 500 MHz (2.2–2.7 GHz) and 1000 MHz (4.65–5.75 GHz) at lower and higher bands, respectively. The antenna exhibits a measured maximum gain of 1.17 dBi at 2.66 GHz and a radiation efficiency of 28.44% in FS. The 10 g average maximum specific absorption rate is 0.165 W/kg at 2.70 GHz and 0.520 W/kg at 5.24 GHz when the antenna is placed on the numerical phantom at net input power 0.1 W.
Experimental demonstration of tunable refractometer based on orbital angular momentum of longitudinally structured light
Authors: Dorrah Ahmed H. , Zamboni-Rached Michel , Mojahedi Mo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe index of refraction plays a decisive role in the design and classification of optical materials and devices; therefore, its proper and accurate determination is essential. In most refractive index (RI) sensing schemes, however, there is a trade-off between providing high-resolution measurements and covering a wide range of RIs. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel mechanism for sensing the index of refraction of a medium by utilizing the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of structured light. Using a superposition of co-propagating monochromatic higher-order Bessel beams with equally spaced longitudinal wavenumbers, in a comb-like setting, we generate non-diffracting rotating light structures in which the orientation of the beam’s intensity profile is sensitive to the RI of the medium (here, a fluid). In principle, the sensitivity of this scheme can exceed ~2700°/RI unit (RIU) with a resolution of ~$$10^{ - 5}$$
1

0

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5

RIU. Furthermore, we show how the unbounded degrees of freedom associated with OAM can be deployed to offer a wide dynamic range by generating structured light that evolves into different patterns based on the change in RI. The rotating light structures are generated by a programmable spatial light modulator. This provides dynamic control over the sensitivity, which can be tuned to perform coarse or fine measurements of the RI in real time. This, in turn, allows high sensitivity and resolution to be achieved simultaneously over a very wide dynamic range, which is a typical trade-off in all RI sensing schemes. We thus envision that this method will open new directions in refractometry and remote sensing.
Evolutionary trends in host physiology outweigh dietary niche in structuring primate gut microbiomes
Authors: Amato Katherine R , Sanders Jon G , Song Se Jin , Nute Michael , Metcalf Jessica L , Thompson Luke R , Morton James T , Amir Amnon , McKenzie Valerie J , Humphrey Gregory , Gogul Grant , Gaffney James , Baden Andrea L , Britton Gillian A O , Cuozzo Frank P , Di Fiore Anthony , Dominy Nathaniel J , Goldberg Tony L , Gomez Andres , Kowalewski Martin M , Lewis Rebecca J , Link Andres , Sauther Michelle L , Tecot Stacey , White Bryan A , Nelson Karen E , Stumpf Rebecca M , Knight Rob , Leigh Steven R 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Over the past decade several studies have reported that the gut microbiomes of mammals with similar dietary niches exhibit similar compositional and functional traits. However, these studies rely heavily on samples from captive individuals and often confound host phylogeny, gut morphology, and diet. To more explicitly test the influence of host dietary niche on the mammalian gut microbiome we use 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomics to compare the gut microbiota of 18 species of wild non-human primates classified as either folivores or closely related non-folivores, evenly distributed throughout the primate order and representing a range of gut morphological specializations. While folivory results in some convergent microbial traits, collectively we show that the influence of host phylogeny on both gut microbial composition and function is much stronger than that of host dietary niche. This pattern does not result from differences in host geographic location or actual dietary intake at the time of sampling, but instead appears to result from differences in host physiology. These findings indicate that mammalian gut microbiome plasticity in response to dietary shifts over both the lifespan of an individual host and the evolutionary history of a given host species is constrained by host physiological evolution. Therefore, the gut microbiome cannot be considered separately from host physiology when describing host nutritional strategies and the emergence of host dietary niches.
Chemotaxis of Escherichia coli to major hormones and polyamines present in human gut
Authors: Lopes Joana G , Sourjik Victor 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The microorganisms in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can influence the metabolism, immunity, and behavior of animal hosts. Increasing evidence suggests that communication between the host and the microbiome also occurs in the opposite direction, with hormones and other host-secreted compounds being sensed by microorganisms. Here, we addressed one key aspect of the host–microbe communication by studying chemotaxis of a model commensal bacterium, Escherichia coli, to several compounds present abundantly in the GI tract, namely catecholamines, thyroid hormones, and polyamines. Our results show that E. coli reacts to five out of ten analyzed chemicals, sensing melatonin, and spermidine as chemorepellents and showing mixed responses to dopamine, norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid. The strongest repellent response was observed for the polyamine spermidine, and we demonstrate that this response involves the low-abundance chemoreceptor Trg and the periplasmic binding protein PotD of the spermidine uptake system. The chemotactic effects of the tested compounds apparently correlate with their influence on growth and their stability in the GI tract, pointing to the specificity of the observed behavior. We hypothesize that the repellent responses observed at high concentrations of chemoeffective compounds might enable bacteria to avoid harmful levels of hormones and polyamines in the gut and, more generally, antimicrobial activities of the mucous layer.
Observation of nuclear quantum effects and hydrogen bond symmetrisation in high pressure ice
Authors: Meier Thomas , Petitgirard Sylvain , Khandarkhaeva Saiana , Dubrovinsky Leonid 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHydrogen bond symmetrisations in H-bonded systems triggered by pressure-induced nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) is a long-known concept but experimental evidence in high-pressure ices has remained elusive with conventional methods. Theoretical works predicted quantum-mechanical tunneling of protons within water ices to occur at pressures above 30 GPa, and the H-bond symmetrisation transition to occur above 60 GPa. Here we used 1H-NMR on high-pressure ice up to 97 GPa, and demonstrate that NQEs govern the behavior of the hydrogen bonded protons in ice VII already at significantly lower pressures than previously expected. A pronounced tunneling mode was found to be present up to the highest pressures of 97 GPa, well into the stability field of ice X, where NQEs are not anticipated in a fully symmetrised H-bond network. We found two distinct transitions in the NMR shift data at about 20 GPa and 75 GPa attributed to the step-wise symmetrisation of the H-bond.
Task-specific and variability-driven activation of cognitive control processes during motor performance
Authors: Stuhr Christina , Hughes Charmayne Mary Lee , Stöckel Tino 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIt has long been postulated that cognitive and motor functions are functionally intertwined. While the idea received convincing support from neuroimaging studies providing evidence that motor and cognitive processes draw on common neural mechanisms and resources, findings from behavioral studies are rather inconsistent. The purpose of the present study was to identify and verify key factors that act on the link between cognitive and motor functions. Specifically we investigated whether it is possible to predict motor skills from cognitive functions. While our results support the idea that motor and cognitive functions are functionally intertwined and different motor skills entail distinct cognitive functions, our data also strongly suggest that the impact of cognitive control processes on motor skill proficiency depends on performance variability, i.e. on how challenging a motor task is. Based on these findings, we presume that motor skills activate specific cognitive control processes on two levels: basic processes that are solely related to the type of the motor task, and variability-driven processes that come into play when performance variability is high. For practitioners, these findings call for specific and challenging motor training interventions to directly tap into the to-be-improved cognitive skills and to involve a maximum of cognitive processes.