bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of Software Defined Network (SDN) in link failure scenario
Authors: Sakari M A I M , Yaakob N , Amir A , Ahmad R B , Warip M N M , Ibrahim Z 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The proliferation and advancement in network technologies has brought unprecedented opportunities towards the development of Software Defined Network (SDN) which presents an alternative network architecture that separates data forwarding and control functions to simplify global network management. As SDN is developed to handle large-scale network, addressing network dynamics such as link failure remains challenging. Link failure in SDN could still cause major performance disruption which can lead to severe performance degradation for underlying applications. Therefore, this paper analyses several link failure circumstances in SDN and show how it reacts to such situations. As SDN decouples data and control planes, routing algorithm is determined by its controller. In this paper, routing algorithm is used to control the behaviour of the network traffic when one or more links are disconnected. Ryu controller which is one of the open controllers in SDN, acts as a brain to adapt how traffic is controlled for the whole network. Performance of SDN in different network topologies is compared in terms of throughput and Round-Trip-Time (RTT) which shows desirable SDN performance.
Analysis of EEG Spectrum Bands Using Power Spectral Density for Pleasure and Displeasure State
Authors: Ameera Anis , Saidatul A. , Ibrahim Z 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The technology of reading human mental states is a leading innovation in the biomedical engineering field. EEG signal processing is going to help us to explore the uniqueness of brain signal that carries thousands of information in human being. The aim of this study is to analyze brain signal features between pleasure and displeasure mental state. Brainwaves is divided into 5 sub frequency bands namely alpha (8 – 13 Hz), beta (13 – 30 Hz), gamma (30 – 100 Hz), theta (4 – 8 Hz) and delta (1 – 4 Hz). However, in this study, alpha and beta waves were analyzed to investigate the mental states. Twenty subjects were recruited from undergraduate engineering student’s education background in UniMAP with age ranging between 19 to 23 years old. The subject must be healthy and right-handed. The subject was required to view a series of pleasure and displeasure images for 10 minutes and take rest for 30 seconds between pleasure and displeasure view. Truscan EEG device (Deymed Diagnostic, Alien Technic, Czech Republic) with 19 channels were used to acquire EEG data with frequency sampling of 1024 Hz and impedance is kept below 5 kΩ. A bandpass filter was used to extract alpha and beta waves. The signal was segmented and PSD value using Welch and Burg method was calculated for both mental states. 7 statistical features (mean, mode, median, variance, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) were obtained from PSD value and used as an input for the classifier. K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were used to classify into two mental states. As a result, Welch method gives the highest classification accuracy which is 99.3 % for alpha waves followed by 97.5 % for beta waves from channel F4. It can be concluded that alpha waves are the most potential waves to be used in order to differentiate pleasure and displeasure features.
PSD-Based Features Extraction For EEG Signal During Typing Task
Authors: Bin Ng Wei , Saidatul A , Chong Y.F , Ibrahim Z 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Electroencephalograph (EEG) is an electrical field that generated by our brain incessantly. The EEG signal released by the brain is different when a people is performing different activities in their daily life. And such EEG signals consist complicated information that can be interpreted. The aims of this study is to analyse the specific EEG channels of a user when they are performing a typing task with laptop. Meanwhile, this research also aimed to verify the performance of the different sub frequency band which is alpha and beta to recognize the specified tasks. The frequency sampling was set at 1024 Hz and the impedance was kept below 5k ohm of each channels. The Truscan EEG (Deymed, Diagnostic, Czech Republic) device consists of 19 channels and only selected channels which is F3 and F4 is filtered through butterworth bandpass filter (1Hz-80Hz) in the pre-processing stage. Power Spectra Density was calculated by using Welch and Burg Method to extract the features from filtered data. K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) classifier and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were used in classification. It is found that the combination of channel F3 and F4 for Alpha frequency using Welch method gives the highest accuracy which is 98.45%.
Estimating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Irrigated Paddy Fields in Indonesia under Various Water Managements
Authors: Arif Chusnul , Indra Setiawan Budi , Iswati Hasanah Nur Aini , Mizoguchi Masaru 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are two main greenhouse gasses emitted from paddy irrigated paddy fields. Their fluxes are commonly affected by water managements in the fields. However, the main problem in the study of greenhouse gas emissions in paddy fields is the instrumentation for measuring emissions. Measurements of greenhouse gas emissions are costly and complicated. The current study proposes estimating method to quantify greenhouse gas emissions by an artificial neural network (ANN) model. They are estimated based on easily measurable parameters such as soil moisture, soil temperature, soil electrical conductivity (EC), soil redox potential (Eh) and soil pH. The model was verified based on field experiments that were conducted in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia during 26 March – 24 June 2015. Here, three regimes of water management, i.e. continuous flooded (FL), moderate (MR) and dry (DR) regimes, were performed in the field. The DR regime released the lowest total greenhouse gas emissions; however, it reduced grain yield by 58% and 12% compared to the FL and MR regimes respectively. The developed model showed high accuracies for both greenhouse gasses estimation where the coefficients of determination (R2) values were 0.84 and 0.76 for CH4 and N2O prediction respectively.
Integration of Asset Tracking System through Trilateration Method as Detection Mechanism
Authors: Fadzilla M A , Shahriman A.B , Harun A. , Hashim M.S.M , Razlan Z.M , Wan W.K , Ibrahim Z. , Abdullah A. H , Turner J.S.C , Kassim K.A.A , Khalid M.S.A , Jawi Z. , Isa M.H.M , Ismail R.C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Demands for localization system has been growing rapidly in the last several years both for an outdoor and indoor area. In conjunction with this, the capability and reliability of this system to precisely locate and track objects of interest for the indoor area has catered researchers and study on how to do so. One of the major ideas on making it more advance is by incorporating the use of wireless devices into the system. There are numbers of issues that could interrupt the efficiency and success of the system. One of the main problems is the signal loss mainly caused by the attenuation of the signal as they propagate through from the transmitter to the receiver. These attenuations are mostly due to the surface types the signal are traveling on and the objects that are in the Line of Sight in between the transmitter and receiver. In order to ensure the most reliable and efficient wireless connection between transmitter and receiver, a propagation study on the signal is needed for us to analyze and find the best way to trade off the signal attenuation based on the environment surrounding the system. By doing so, a thorough system that has models that can work efficiently even if we are to consider the attenuation factors. The system consists of nodes installed inside the research institute that acts as both transmitter and receivers. The transmitter and receiver will then process the signal that will then determine their location. The receiver is connected to the laptop in order to get a real-time reading so that we will be able to locate the transmitter. A networked of nodes are installed inside the research institute for experiment and the layout of the research is conferred for future references. Data from the experiment are then analyzed and a model for the signal propagation alongside the research institute is created. This model will be able to apprehend the signal attenuation despite the surrounding environment such as furniture and walls. A completed asset tracking system with models of signal attenuation will be built in the future for a more efficient signal transmission.
FBMC as 5G candidate for high speed mobility
Authors: Abas Taher Montadar , Hussein Kutheir Khalid 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Beyond 4G, communication systems will be highly flexible and more congested. This is because of the increased demand for wireless applications, such as machine type communications (MTC) aside from the cellular mobile communications. Hence the need for the next generation, 5G, becomes essential. In the 4G systems, the cyclic-prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) has been adopted as a modulation technique. However, CP-OFDM suffers from the spectrum waste problem, because of the high out of band (OOB) emission. Thus, not all frequency spectrums will be useful. On the other hand, the required, increased demand, for high data rate motivated the industry to find another candidate as a modulation technique to be adopted in the next generation. Different candidates have been introduced; the Filter Bank Multi-Carrier (FBMC) is one of the promising candidates for that job. In this paper, we will show that the FBMC can be employed in 5G communication systems and can exploit almost, all, the advantages of the previous, CP-OFDM, system with little increment in the complexity, such as the implementation of multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) antenna diversity, and the high throughput with noteworthy mobility speeds.
Spouted Bed Drying of White Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) with Microwave Preheating Treatment
Authors: Hartulistiyoso E. , Purwanto Y.A. , Mukhlis A.M.A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Drying is an important process in the production of high quality of white pepper commodities that have a high economic value. The objective of this study was to investigate the drying process and the quality of white pepper after spouted bed drying with microwave preheating treatment based on quality parameters of total oil content and microbial contamination. The results of the study indicated that the drying process of spouted bed was able to reduce the moisture content of pepper on average by 59.94% d.b. for 31 minutes on treatment of non-preheating, 60.38% d.b. for 37 minutes on treatment of preheating of 320 watts, and 59.35% d.b. for 32 minutes at treatment of preheating of 640 watts. The initial white pepper seeds that was boiling and soaking for 3 days had a total microbial contents of 2.5 × 107 CFU/g. Total microbial of white pepper after spouted bed drying process without preheating was 1.54 × 105 CFU/g, while the total microbes of white pepper with preheating treatment of 320 and 640 watts were 3.0 × 104 and 6.0 × 103 CFU/g, respectively. Oil content in all treatments was not significantly different. Oil content obtained in the treatment of non-preheating, preheating of 320 watts and preheating of 640 watts were 2.88%, 3.21% and 2.86%, respectively. It can be concluded that, in all treatments, the amount of moisture reduction and the drying time were relatively similar. However, preheating treatment can reduce microbial content to the IPC quality standard.
High Enhancement of Unidirectional UWB Array Antenna’s Gain Using Flat Reflector Structure for Microwave Applications
Authors: Jamlos M A , Mustafa W A , Syed Idrus Syed Zulkarnain , Khairunizam Wan , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B , Zunaidi I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
UWB array antenna with the high enhancement of gain is proposed. New additional flat reflector with a distance of 20 mm enhances the proposed antenna gain. UWB antenna performance with reflector is better than UWB antenna without reflector structure. Antenna with reflector recorded wider operating bandwidth; 1.9GHz-10.6GHz with higher gain ranged from 3.5dB until 14.2dB compared with without reflector antenna operated from 2.2GHz to 10.6GHz with lower gain ranges of 1.9dB to 9.8dB. The reflector structure enhanced the antenna gain by 50% where the average gain throughout operating frequency for an antenna with reflector and antenna without a reflector is 10.2dB and 6.8dB respectively.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Contain Waste Fibers of Plastic Straps
Authors: Khatab Hadeel R. , Mohammed Samaher J. , Hameed Laith A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study examined the utilization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) strap waste as fibers to reinforce the concrete. The fibers were obtained by simply cutting the strap. An investigation was carried out on 7 batches containing PET waste fibers as a volumetric fraction of concrete. The parameters were the fibers fraction ratio ranging from (0-0.5) % and aspect ratio (2.5 and 3). Compressive strength, slump test, and splitting tensile strength were the test supplied to concrete. The test results indicate that the PET fibers improve the splitting tensile strength and slightly decrease the compressive strength and workability. So that, the concrete produced can be used in paving, industrial flooring, precast concrete, and shotcrete. Furthermore, a way to reuse plastic waste will be utilized to contribute to saving the environment.
Carbon Dioxide Adsorption on MOF-199 Metal-Organic Framework at High Pressure
Authors: Alrubaye Rana Th. A. , Kareem Huda M. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
MOFs have considered as promising materials for CO2 adsorption due to their excellent chemical stability, large pore volume, and high surface area. In this study, MOF-199 has been synthesized using the solvent-thermal method with focusing on the significant parameters that affecting the structure of the MOF-199 (solvent, synthesis time, and temperature). Produced MOF-199 samples were characterized by electron scan microscope, X-ray diffraction, and microporosimetric analysis. High crystallinity degree and high surface area were found at 1:1 of the H2O: C2H5OH (within the solvents range from 1:1 to 1:2 ratios), whereas the changing of the synthesis duration from 18 to 48 h, and synthesis temperatures from 40 to 140 °C have revealed that the best synthesis conditions are 100 °C for 48 h. The appropriate activation condition has been determined to be 60 °C for 16 h. For CO2 adsorption isotherms on MOF-199 were at a temperature (36, 40, 60, and 70) °C and pressure range (0-5) bar using a volumetric technique. Temkin, Freundlic and Langmuir isotherm models have been used to analyze the equilibrium data. This research presents the effect of significant parameters on the synthesis of MOF-199 to understand their influence on the formation of MOF structures and the CO2 adsorption capacities.
Studying structural properties of thin film nanostructure of pentoxide vanadium Prepared by reactive DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Muhammed M Sh , Kalaf M K , Mohammed S J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Abstract. In this work, the structural properties of the monocrystalline vanadium pentoxide have been presented. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) films were deposited by using a DC reactive magnetron sputtering system at working pressure of 8.5x10-2mbar. The sputtered vanadium atoms were sputtered and oxidized in presence O2:Ar gas mixture by (5/95,10/90,15/85,20/80,30/70,50/50). Employment of magnetron results in the formation of V2O5 in the final samples according to the XRD analysis, increase the roughness and hence surface area of the produced V2O5nanostructures. The results of X-rays are shown to us, the deposited films were formed by nanoparticles with average grain size in the range of (52.11nm to 98.03) nm and roughness Ave (nm) in the range of (1.04nm to 8.88nm). The deposited films are identified to be polycrystalline nature with a cubic structure along ((001), (111)) and ((200)) orientation also MonoV2O5, Cub VO were found as deposited. The texture of the films was observed using SEM and AFM, it was observed that the grain size was increased with increased the O2 percentage. These improvements in the structural properties of the produced vanadium pentoxide make these nanostructures good candidates for specific applications, such as photo detectors, solar cells, electro chromic smart window and gas sensor.
Metal Oxide and Activated Carbon as Photocatalyst for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Abdul Shukor Suhaibatul Aslamiyah , Hamzah Rosniza , Abu Bakar Mohamad , Noriman N Z , Al-Rashdi Awad A. , Razlan Z M , Shahriman A B , Zunaidi I , Khairunizam Wan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Nanoparticles of metal oxide have great potential in the photocatalytic system for removal of heavy metals in wastewater. The usage of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as photocatalyst has gained much attention because of its unique properties compared to others metal oxide. The usage of activated carbon (AC) as adsorbent from agricultural wastes such as coconut shell, cotton stalks and rice husk (RH) has recently used nowadays due to it is characteristic and low cost. Besides, it can reduce the abundant of wastes from open burning occurs and also can minimizing air pollution. The combination of photocatalyst-absorption process has been introduced in photocatalytic activity via dip-coating techniques without involving the filtration process. This technique has seeking more attention of researchers for removal of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium Cr) and copper (Cu) in industrial wastewater treatment.
Effects of slurry concentration and rotational speeds of drum drier to the characteristics of pregelatinized breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) flours
Authors: Sunarti T C , Br. Sinaga W S L , Pandji C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Breadfruit is one alternative carbohydrate source in Indonesia. However, breadfruit is seasonal and climacteric crops; it should be processed immediately to produce flour. Native breadfruit flour has many limitations since it is difficult to be solubilized and swollen in cold water. The flour is modified physically by pregelatinization to improve its properties. Pragelatinized breadfruit flour can be used as instant food, porridge, and baby food. This research is aimed to investigate the effect of slurry concentration (20 and 30%) of native breadfruit flour and rotational speeds (4, 6 and 8 rpm) of double drum drier to the chemical composition and physico-chemical properties of the pregelatinized flours. The results showed that pregelatinization did not influence to the chemical composition. Pregelatinization of the flour improved the water solubility and swelling power on room (30°C) and hot (70°C) solutions, reduced the freeze-thaw stability, caused partial gelatinization which is monitored by losing the birefringence of starch granule, and darkened the flour. The pregelatinization also reduced the gelatinization temperature and had low final viscosity. Low concentration of slurry and low rotation speed of drum increased the gelatinized part of the flour, which is influenced to the cold and hot water solubility.
Prediction Shelf Life of Arabica Java Preanger Coffee Beans under Hermetic Packaging Using Arrhenius Method
Authors: Mardjan S , Hakim F R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Java Preanger Arabica coffee is a plantation crop with 2-3 months harvest period annually, therefore the storage system is required to keep the product available throughout the year. Postharvest handling, storage, and packaging particularly are the main factors to be considered so that the coffee beans can be stored for a long time. Hermetic packaging is identified as an effective and safe technology to preserve the quality of grain during storage. Specialty coffee beans cannot be accepted if the total quality value is below 80 according the SCAA protocol, therefore an estimation of the coffee beans shelf life is required. The objective of this research was to analyze and compare the difference between the quality changes of Preanger Arabica Coffee during storage period using hermetic packaging and non-hermetic packaging, and to estimate the shelf life of dried coffee beans based on taste value using ASLT (Accelerated Shelf-Life Testing) method by using Arrhenius approach. Storage simulation was conducted within temperature range of 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C, with 80% relative humidity using both hermetic and non-hermetic packaging. The degradation of quality rate (K value) which was obtained based on the simulation results, was used to predict coffee beans shelf-life by putting it on Arrhenius equation. Coffee packaged with hermetic plastic has a slower rate of quality decline compared to coffee packed with non-hermetic plastic. The predicted shelf-life of coffee beans with hermetic and non-hermetic packaging were 232 days and 45 days (10°C), 113 days and 26 days (15°C), and 57 days and 16 days (20°C), 29 days and 10 days (25°C) respectively.
Studies on The Steel Reinforcement Performance in Presence of NaCl: Effects of Salt Concentration and Temperature
Authors: hatam obaid Sabah , Abbs Jaber Jabbar , Raheem Ibrahim Hadi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe present study is to evaluate the performance of steel reinforcement under NaCl concentration chloride exposure. The loss of weight, yield stress and ultimate stress were tested to evaluate the performance of steel reinforcement before and after exposure. The exposure was also repeated under a variable temperature of (50, 60 and 70 C0). The steel was treated to improve its properties by using hardening in the oxy-acetylene torch, epoxy coating and aluminium spread coating. Results showed that the reduction in reinforcement properties was reduced significantly by using the hardening method and the maximum reduction in the performance of steel reinforcement was in the higher temperature chloride exposure. The increasing of concentration (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 NaCl %) was due to high corrosion in steel wire. The results showed that the treatment of reinforcement was significantly improved.
Oil stove modification to get optimum performance on jatropha oil usage
Authors: Agustina S. Endah , Hasnan Rimo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This research is based on the idea to combine efforts on promoting jatropha oil as one of renewable and green energy resources, and efforts to help “house hold oil stove industries” continuing their production even-though more people change kerosene to LPG as their main fuel for cooking. Regarding the idea, this research aims to modify oil stove which has been sold in the market, which was designed for kerosene fuel, to be able to use with jatropha oil and other oil as its fuel in the good performance. Two approach methods based on the physical oil characteristic has been done. They were modification of wick material, and “oil pre-heating system” implementation. The result shows that no wick material having good performance when implemented for jatropha oil usage due to its high viscosity. Original wick has best performance compare to modified wicks. By using original wick, implementation of oil pre heating system has been successfully increasing fuel rate combustion from 0.43 kg/h to 0.63 kg/h, and increasing the total system efficiency from 9.54% to 16.1%.