bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymnaeid snails hosts of
Fasciola hepatica
and
Fasciola gigantica
(Trematoda: Digenea): a worldwide review.
Authors: Vázquez A. A. , Alda P. , Lounnas M. , Sabourin E. , Alba A. , Pointier J. P. , Hurtrez-Boussès S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Fasciolosis is a snail-borne disease, causing serious public and veterinary health problems worldwide. This disease is produced by infection with
Fasciola hepatica
or
Fasciola gigantica
through the consumption of vegetables or water contaminated with the parasite's metacercarial cysts. Both species of liver flukes are transmitted worldwide by small freshwater snails of the family Lymnaeidae. A global account on the species that are actually or may act as potential hosts of
Fasciola
spp., compiling particular research on their geographical distribution and susceptibility, is needed as a helpful tool in the understanding of fasciolosis transmission, and therefore in the control and prevention programmes of the disease. We have gathered here a comprehensive review of those lymnaeid species that are known to transmit the parasites in the field or that have been experimentally tested. We aim to bring forward the main intermediate hosts by regions in order to facilitate the understanding of worldwide transmission.
Altered multi‐muscle coordination patterns in habitual forefoot runners during a prolonged, exhaustive run
Authors: Jewell Carl , Hamill Joseph , von Tscharner Vinzenz , Boyer Katherine A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: In response to fatigue during an exhaustive treadmill run, forefoot runner's muscles must adapt to maintain their pace. From a neuromuscular control perspective, certain muscles may not be able to sustain the force to meet the run's demands; thus, there may be alternative muscle coordination in the lower extremity that allows for continued running for an extended period of time. The aim of this study was to quantify the change in muscle coordination during a prolonged run in forefoot runners.Methods: Thirteen forefoot runners performed exhaustive treadmill runs (mean duration: 15.4 ± 2.2 min). The muscle coordination of seven lower extremity muscles was quantified using a high‐resolution time–frequency analysis together with a pattern recognition algorithm.Results: The mean EMG intensity for the lateral and medial gastrocnemius muscles decreased with the run (p = 0.02; 0.06). The weight factors of the second principal pattern decrease by 128.01% by the end of run (p = 0.05, Cohen's d = 0.42) representing a relatively greater biceps femoris activation in midstance but smaller midstance rectus femoris, vastus medialis, triceps surae, and tibialis anterior activation.Discussion: These results suggest that forefoot runners cannot sustain plantar flexor activation throughout an exhaustive run and change their muscle coordination strategy as a compensation. Understanding the underlying compensation mechanisms humans use to cope with fatigue will help to inform training modalities to enhance these late stage muscle activation strategies for athletes with the goal of improving performance and reducing injury.
The Future of Climate Epidemiology: Opportunities for Advancing Health Research in the Context of Climate Change
Authors: Anderson G Brooke , Barnes Elizabeth A , Bell Michelle L , Dominici Francesca 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the coming decades, climate change is expected to dramatically affect communities worldwide, altering the patterns of many ambient exposures and disasters, including extreme temperatures, heat waves, wildfires, droughts, and floods. These exposures, in turn, can affect risks for a variety of human diseases and health outcomes. Climate epidemiology plays an important role in informing policy related to climate change and its threats to public health. Climate epidemiology leverages deep, integrated collaborations between epidemiologists and climate scientists to understand the current and potential future impacts of climate-related exposures on human health. A variety of recent and ongoing developments in climate science are creating new avenues for epidemiologic contributions. Here, we discuss the contributions of climate epidemiology and describe some key current research directions, including research to better characterize uncertainty in climate health projections. We end by outlining 3 developing areas of climate science that are creating opportunities for high-impact epidemiologic advances in the near future: 1) climate attribution studies, 2) subseasonal to seasonal forecasts, and 3) decadal predictions.
Discovering spurious links in multiplex networks based on interlayer relevance
Authors: Samei Zeynab , Jalili Mahdi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Many real-world complex systems can be better modelled as multiplex networks, where the same individuals develop connections in multiple layers. Examples include social networks between individuals on multiple social networking platforms, and transportation networks between cities based on air, rail and road networks. Accurately predicting spurious links in multiplex networks is a challenging issue. In this article, we show that one can effectively use interlayer information to build an algorithm for spurious link prediction. We propose a similarity index that combines intralayer similarity with interlayer relevance for the link prediction purpose. The proposed similarity index is used to rank the node pairs, and identify those that are likely to be spurious. Our experimental results show that the proposed metric is much more accurate than intralayer similarity measures in correctly predicting the spurious links. The proposed method is an unsupervised method and has low computation complexity, and thus can be effectively applied for spurious link prediction in large-scale networks.
Strengths and limitations of before–after–control–impact analysis for testing the effects of marine protected areas on managed populations
Authors: Kerr Lisa A , Kritzer Jacob P , Cadrin Steven X 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMarine protected areas (MPAs) are a common management strategy for conserving marine resources, but it can be challenging to evaluate their effectiveness for meeting management objectives. Measuring the effectiveness of MPAs is particularly challenging in dynamic and changing environments where other management approaches are simultaneously implemented. Before–after–control–impact (BACI) analysis is a tool that offers a simple and robust design for evaluating complex effects. However, design and interpretation of a BACI analysis is not always straightforward. The goal of this study was to explore the potential for BACI to evaluate MPA performance in a system simultaneously impacted by other management measures and environmental change. We develop a typology of interpretations of BACI results based on the main and interaction effects of the model, categorized by the extent to which dynamics inside and outside of the MPA are independent. Furthermore, we examine how decisions about the spatial and temporal design of the study, and the focal species and response variables, can determine which outcomes from within the typology are evident through BACI applications to New England groundfish area closures. We identify strengths and limitations of the BACI approach and demonstrate that BACI is a valuable but imperfect tool for evaluating MPAs.
The Politics of Time in Colonial Bombay: Labor Patterns and Protest in Cotton Mills
Authors: Yıldız Hatice 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
This article examines the modes of time and work discipline that emerged through factory industry in colonial Bombay. Based on a wide range of archival sources, it shows that mechanized production did not invariably suggest a transition from task-based, irregular to clock-measured, rationally organized work patterns. Operating simultaneously within temporal orders constructed by the global economy, agriculture, family, and community, cotton mills combined new disciplinary practices with a flexible approach to labor. Gender, marital status, religion, skill, and position in the manufacturing chain influenced the pace and duration of work as well as subjective experiences of time at the factory. By maintaining the diversity and flexibility of time organization, mill owners could adjust production to fluctuations in market demand. At the same time, the strategy facilitated and obscured exploitation. As the industry grew, workers developed a language of resistance that emphasized the value of regular and standard work patterns defined with reference to clock hours and calendar days. In the factories of colonial Bombay, clocks were not just symbols of discipline and subjugation but also instruments of resistance and negotiation.
Distant viewing: analyzing large visual corpora
Authors: Arnold Taylor , Tilton Lauren 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this article we establish a methodological and theoretical framework for the study of large collections of visual materials. Our framework, distant viewing, is distinguished from other approaches by making explicit the interpretive nature of extracting semantic metadata from images. In other words, one must ‘view’ visual materials before studying them. We illustrate the need for the interpretive process of viewing by simultaneously drawing on theories of visual semiotics, photography, and computer vision. Two illustrative applications of the distant viewing framework to our own research are draw upon to explicate the potential and breadth of the approach. A study of television series shows how facial detection is used to compare the role of actors within the narrative arcs across two competing series. An analysis of the Farm Security Administration–Office of War Information corpus of documentary photography is used to establish how photographic style compared and differed amongst those photographers involved with the collection. We then aim to show how our framework engages with current methodological and theoretical conversations occurring within the digital humanities.
Personalized medicine in chronic kidney disease by detection of monogenic mutations
Authors: Connaughton Dervla M , Hildebrandt Friedhelm 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A large fraction of early-onset chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to be monogenic in origin. To date, ∼450 monogenic (synonymous with single-gene disorders) genes, if mutated, are known to cause CKD, explaining ∼30% of cases in pediatric cohorts and ∼5–30% in adult cohorts. However, there are likely hundreds of additional monogenic nephropathy genes that may be revealed by whole-exome or -genome sequencing. Although the discovery of novel CKD-causing genes has accelerated, significant challenges in adult populations remain due to broad phenotypic heterogeneity together with variable expressivity, incomplete penetrance or age-related penetrance of these genes. Here we give an overview of the currently known monogenic causes for human CKD. We also describe how next-generation sequencing facilitates rapid molecular genetic diagnostics in individuals with suspected genetic kidney disease. In an era of precision medicine, understanding the utility of genetic testing in individuals with a suspected inherited nephropathy has important diagnostic and prognostic implications. Detection of monogenic causes of CKD permits molecular genetic diagnosis for patients and families and opens avenues for personalized treatment strategies for CKD. As an example, detection of a pathogenic mutation in the gene HNF1B not only allows for the formal diagnosis of CKD, but can also facilitate screening for additional extrarenal manifestations of disease, such as maturity-onset diabetes of youth, subclinical abnormal liver function tests, neonatal cholestasis and pancreatic hypoplasia. It also provides the driving force towards a better understanding of disease pathogenesis, potentially facilitating targeted new therapies for individuals with CKD.
Solving the mystery of vanishing rivers in China
Authors: Wang Yichu , Ni Jinren , Yue Yao , Li Jiaye , Borthwick Alistair G L , Cai Ximing , Xue An , Li Li , Wang Guangqian 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
A major controversy was sparked worldwide by a recent national water census claiming that the number of Chinese rivers with watersheds ≥100 km2 was less than half the previous estimate of 50 000 rivers, which also stimulates debates on the potential causes and consequences. Here, we estimated the number of rivers in terms of stream-segmentation characteristics described by Horton, Strahler and Shreve stream-order rules, as well as their mixed mode for named rivers recorded in the Encyclopedia of Rivers and Lakes in China. As a result, the number of ‘vanishing rivers’ has been found to be highly relevant to statistical specifications in addition to the erroneous inclusion of pseudo-rivers primarily generated in arid or frost-thaw areas. The modified Horton stream-order scheme reasonably depicts the configuration of complete natural streams from headwater to destination, while the Strahler largely projects the fragmentation of the named river networks associated with human aggregation to the hierarchical river systems.
Endoscopic Endonasal Removal of Primary/Recurrent Meningiomas in the Medial Optic Canal: Surgical Technique and Long-Term Visual Outcome
Authors: Sakata Kiyohiko , Takeshige Nobuyuki , Nagata Yui , Yoshitake Hidenobu , Komaki Satoru , Miyagi Naohisa , Morioka Motohiro 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Tuberculum sellae meningiomas frequently extend into the optic canals, which leads to a progressive longitudinal visual loss. Therefore, in addition to tumor removal, unroofing and exploration inside the optic canal are important procedures.

OBJECTIVE
To perform endoscopic endonasal tumor removal with optic canal decompression for small primary or recurrent meningiomas associated with a progressive visual loss at the inferior-medial optic canal, which corresponded to a blind corner in the ipsilateral pterional/subfrontal approach.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 2 cases of primary meningiomas that arose in the inferior-medial optic canal and 4 recurrent cases from the remnant inside the medial optic canal that had previously undergone craniotomy for tuberculum sellae meningiomas, and were treated by the endoscopic endonasal approach.

RESULTS
All tumors were detectable and could be removed without manipulation of the affected optic nerve. The average maximum diameter of the tumor was 8.4 mm (range: 5-12 mm). Two patients who had a long history of progressive visual disturbance and papillary atrophy did not recover from severe visual disturbances postoperatively. However, others showed considerable improvement, maintaining postoperative visual function during follow-up. There were no postoperative complications.

CONCLUSION
Endoscopic endonasal approach has several advantages for meningiomas in the medial optic canal and associated with progressive visual disturbance. In surgery of tuberculum sellae meningiomas, optic canal decompression and exploration inside the optic canal are important procedures to avoid symptomatic recurrence, which may be facilitated by the endoscopic endonasal approach. Papillary atrophy and duration of visual deterioration are predictive factors for postoperative visual outcomes.
Local Targeted Memory Reactivation in Human Sleep
Authors: Bar Ella , Arzi Anat , Perl Ofer , Livne Ethan , Sobel Noam , Dudai Yadin , Nir Yuval 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMemory consolidation can be promoted via Targeted Memory Reactivation (TMR) that re-presents training cues or context during sleep. Whether TMR acts locally or globally on cortical sleep oscillations remains unknown. Here we exploit the unique functional neuroanatomy of olfaction with its ipsilateral stimulus processing to perform local TMR in one brain hemisphere. Participants learned associations between words and locations in left or right visual fields with contextual odor throughout. During post-learning naps, odors were presented to one nostril throughout NREM sleep. We found improved memory for specific words processed in the cued hemisphere (ipsilateral to stimulated nostril). Unilateral odor cues locally modulated slow wave activity (SWA) such that regional SWA increase in the cued hemisphere negatively correlated with select memories for cued words. Moreover, local TMR improved slow wave-spindle coupling specifically in the cued hemisphere. Thus, TMR in human sleep transcends global action by selectively promoting specific memories associated with local sleep oscillations.
Altered cortical development and psychiatric symptom risk in adolescents exposed to maternal stressin utero
Authors: McQuaid Goldie A. , Darcey Valerie L. , Avalos Melissa F. , Fishbein Diana H. , VanMeter John W. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTObjectiveMaternal exposure to stress during pregnancy is associated with increased risk for cognitive and behavioral sequelae in offspring. Animal research demonstrates exposure to stress during gestation has effects on brain structure. In humans, however, little is known about the enduring effects ofin uteroexposure to maternal stress on brain morphology. We examine whether maternal report of stressful events during pregnancy is associated with brain structure and behavior in adolescents.MethodWe compare gray matter morphometry of typically-developing early adolescents (11-14 years of age, mean 12.7) based on presence/absence of maternal report of stressful event(s) during pregnancy: prenatal stress (PS; n=28), no prenatal stress (NS; n=55). The Drug Use Survey Index Revised (DUSI-R) assessed adolescent risk for problematic behaviors. Exclusionary criteria included pre-term birth, low birth weight, and maternal substance use during pregnancy. Groups were equivalent for demographic (age, sex, IQ, SES, race/ethnicity), and birth measures (weight, length).ResultsCompared to NS peers, adolescents in the PS group exhibited increased gray matter volume in bilateral posterior parietal cortex (PPC): bilateral intraparietal sulcus, left superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule. Additionally, the PS group displayed greater risk for psychiatric symptoms and family system dysfunction, as assessed via DUSI-R subscales.ConclusionThis study provides evidence for the enduring neurodevelopmental effects of exposure to maternal stress whilein utero, suggesting the dynamic alterations in brain structure that occur during the adolescent critical period may unmask the latent effects of gestational stress on brain morphology and increase subsequent risk for psychiatric symptomatology.
Spatial and temporal temperature evolution of rotating tubes heated by a Gaussian laser beam – analytical solutions and calculations
Authors: Schmitt Rüdiger 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to give an extended analytical solution for the thermal evolution of rotating tubes irradiated by a Gaussian laser beam. The heating process of opaque targets by surface absorption of laser radiation is a topic of fundamental importance in many civilian and military applications (e.g. hollow tube processing, counter of rockets, mortars and artillery shells). The spatio-temporal distribution of the temperature is analytically determined by the heat equation. Explicit solutions of this parabolic partial differential equation only exist for specific cases such as flat surfaces and specific beam profiles.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, the author derives an explicit function that allows the calculation of the spatio-temporal temperature for the case of a tube irradiated by a laser beam. For this purpose, the tube geometry is transformed on that of an infinite extended slab. The heat source is transformed by the method of images to be periodically placed on the slab. Furthermore, the derived formula concerns even a rotation of the tube around the longitudinal axis.

Findings
From the calculations, the strong decrease in maximum temperatures and the spatio-temporal modulation could quantitatively be shown. For high rotation speeds, the modulation shows a falling tendency and the temperature approaches an asymptotic evolution. For this spatio-temporal evolution, the author found also an analytical expression allowing a relatively easy and fast calculation formula.

Originality/value
The analytical solutions were used for further calculations concerning the thermal ignition of encased explosives in rotating tubes. With the help of the formulas, the ignition times over a broad parameter range were determined.
Trajectory tracking control of robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Lin Zecai , Wang Xin , Yang Jian 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique. Based on the unique functions of TMS, it has been widely used in clinical, scientific research and other fields. Nowadays, the robot-assisted automatic TMS has become the trend. In order to simplify the operation procedures of robotic TMS and reduce the costs, the purpose of this paper is to apply the marker-based augmented-reality technology to robotic TMS system.

Design/methodology/approach
By using the marker of ARToolKitPlus library and monocular camera, the patient’s head is positioned in real time. Furthermore, the force control is applied to keep contact between the coil and subject’s head.

Findings
The authors fuse with visual positioning which is based on augmented-reality and force-control technologies to track the movements of the patient’s head, bring the coil closer to the stimulation site and increase treatment effects. Experimental results indicate that the trajectory tracking control of robotic TMS system designed in this paper is practical and flexible.

Originality/value
This paper provides a trajectory tracking control method for the robotic TMS. The marker-based augmented-reality technology is implemented which simplifies the operation procedures of robotic TMS as well as reduce the costs. During the treatment process, the patients would wear an AR glasses, which can help patients relax through virtual scenes and reduce the uncomfortableness produce by treatment.
Prediction of pipeline collapse due to hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Athanasopoulos Nikolaos , Gavalas Evangelos , Papaefthymiou Spyros 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a finite element method (FEM) model that predicts the collapse pressure of the majority of the gas/petroleum pipelines worldwide. More specifically, it refers to pipelines with diameter to wall thickness (D/t) ratios between 15 and 45. The model’s results were evaluated on the basis of the DNV-OS-F101 offshore pipeline design code.

Design/methodology/approach
A series of FEM simulations were conducted using a 2D model created in the ANSYS’ software environment considering both the plane strain and the plane stress approach. The corresponding values of the collapse pressure for pipes with different value sets of D/t and ovality were calculated in Python (programming language) according to the DNV equations. Given that the pipeline’s resistance to collapse is governed by geometric imperfections and material properties, amongst others, the influence of other crucial factors, such as ovality, eccentricity, hardening modulus and the chemical composition (pipe’s steel grade) was examined.

Findings
The FE model approaches very closely the DNV calculations. Although the effect of the hardening modulus and pipe’s steel grade, respectively, was found to be insignificant on the pipeline’s collapse, it turned out that the lower the D/t ratio was the bigger the influence of these factors appeared. The D/t ratio does not affect the pipe’s sensitivity in eccentricity, because for a pipe with the same characteristics and eccentricity, but with higher ovality, the decrease in collapse pressure was found to be lower.

Originality/value
A 2D FEM which estimates collapse pressure and simultaneously takes into account the effect of various factors is less time-consuming and costly than the full-scale pipe collapse tests in pressure chambers.