bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of extended- versus normal-release nitrofurantoin for cystitis: an instrumental variable analysis
Authors: ten Doesschate Thijs , Groenwold Rolf H H , Bonten Marc J M , van Werkhoven Cornelis H 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundIt is unknown whether nitrofurantoin 50 mg normal-release every 6 h (NF50) and nitrofurantoin 100 mg extended-release every 12 h (NF100) are equally effective for treating cystitis in primary care. In the Netherlands, GP prescription of either option largely depends on pharmacy procurement, rather than on patient-related factors.MethodsGP data between January 2013 and July 2018 were retrospectively collected. Inclusion criteria were the use of nitrofurantoin for uncomplicated cystitis, complicated cystitis or cystitis in pregnancy. Criteria for early and late failure were a second antibiotic prescription for cystitis or pyelonephritis within 14 and 28 days post-prescription, respectively. Crude and confounder-adjusted (CA) risk differences (RDs) were estimated using linear regression. Instrumental variable analysis and CA instrumental variable analysis used GP practice proportion of NF50 versus NF100 use as the instrumental variable.ResultsFor uncomplicated cystitis (n=46855), treatment with NF50 and NF100 resulted in late failure in 9.7% and 9.6%, respectively. The CA RD, instrumental variable RD and CA instrumental variable RD were 0.2% (95% CI=−0.5 to 0.8), −0.7% (95% CI=−1.7 to 0.3) and 0.0% (95% CI=−0.9 to 1.0), respectively. In complicated cystitis (n=10767), late failure occurred in 10.9% and 11.1% after using NF50 and NF100, respectively [CA RD=0.5% (95% CI=−1.2 to 1.8), instrumental variable RD=−0.8% (95% CI=−3.4 to 1.8) and CA instrumental variable RD=−0.3% (95% CI=−3.0 to 2.4)]. For cystitis in pregnancy (n=1087), NF50 and NF100 resulted in late failure in 13.4% and 7.8%, respectively [CA RD=−5.4% (95% CI=−10.0 to −1.4), instrumental variable RD=−8.9% (95% CI=−16.0 to −1.8) and CA instrumental variable RD=−8.9% (95% CI=−16.0 to −1.7)]. No differences were observed in early failure.ConclusionsIn patients with cystitis in pregnancy, NF100 was associated with a lower incidence of late clinical failure compared with NF50. We found no differences in clinical failure between NF50 and NF100 for uncomplicated and complicated cystitis.
Preoperative prognostic nutritional index as a method to predict postoperative complications after major head and neck surgery with free tissue transfer reconstruction
Authors: Imai Takayuki , Asada Yukinori , Morita Sinkichi , Saijo Satoshi , Fujii Keitaro , Kishimoto Kazuhiro , Yamazaki Tomoko , Goto Takahiro , Matsuura Kazuto 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Head and neck (H&N) cancer patients are often malnourished and have diminished immunity. H&N surgery with free tissue transfer reconstruction (HNS-FTTR) is associated with a relatively high incidence of postoperative complications.

Methods
Associations between possible risk factors and postoperative Clavien–Dindo (C–D) grades ≥ II and ≥ IIIa wound healing- or infection-related complications, postoperative overall complications and prolonged hospital stay were investigated in 188 patients who underwent HNS-FTTR during 2014–2018. The preoperative prognostic nutritional index (PNI) was calculated using the serum albumin level and total lymphocyte count.

Results
C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa complications were seen in 66 (35.1%) and 37 (19.7%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that (i) previous irradiation was significantly associated with C–D ≥ II wound healing- or infection-related complications and prolonged hospital stays [odds ratio (OR) 3.096 and 3.328; P = 0.007 and 0.008, respectively]; and (ii) operation time of ≥9 h 20 min was a significant risk factor for C–D ≥ IIIa wound healing- or infection-related complications, and C–D ≥ IIIa overall complications (OR 2.987 and 2.257; P = 0.021 and 0.047, respectively). (3) Only preoperative PNI ≤ 40 was associated with all occurrences of C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa wound healing- or infection-related complications, C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa overall complications, and prolonged hospital stays (OR 3.078, 2.918, 2.627, 3.132 and 3.116; P = 0.020, 0.046, 0.036, 0.023 and 0.025, respectively).

Conclusions
PNI, easily calculated, was the lone risk factor significantly predicting all C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa postoperative wound healing- or infection-related complications, C–D ≥ II and ≥ IIIa postoperative overall complications and prolonged hospital stay after HNS-FTTR.
Climatic niche shift of an invasive shrub (Ulex europaeus): a global scale comparison in native and introduced regions
Authors: Christina Mathias , Limbada Fawziah , Atlan Anne 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Aims
Invasive species, which recently expanded, may help understand how climatic niche can shift at the time scale of the current global change. Here, we address the climatic niche shift of an invasive shrub (common gorse, Ulex europaeus) at the world and regional scales to assess how it could contribute to increasing invasibility.

Methods
Based on a 28 187 occurrences database, we used a combination of 9 species distribution models (SDM) to assess regional climatic niche from both the native range (Western Europe) and the introduced range in different parts of the world (North-West America, South America, North Europe, Australia and New Zealand).

Important Findings
Despite being restricted to annual mean temperature between 4°C and 22°C, as well as annual precipitation higher than 300 mm/year, the range of bioclimatic conditions suitable for gorse was very large. Based on a native versus introduced SDM comparison, we highlighted a niche expansion in North-West America, South America and to a lesser degree in Australia, while a niche displacement was assessed in North Europe. These niche changes induced an increase in potential occupied areas by gorse by 49, 111, 202 and 283% in Australia, North Europe, North-West America and South America, respectively. On the contrary, we found no evidence of niche change in New Zealand, which presents similar climatic condition to the native environment (Western Europe). This study highlights how niche expansion and displacement of gorse might increase invasibility at regional scale. The change in gorse niche toward new climatic conditions may result from adaptive plasticity or genetic evolution and may explain why it has such a high level of invasibility. Taking into account the possibility of a niche shift is crucial to improve invasive plants management and control.
High-degree gravity modes in the single sdB star HD 4539
Authors: Silvotti R , Uzundag M , Baran A S , Østensen R H , Telting J H , Heber U , Reed M D , Vŭcković M 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
HD 4539 (alias PG 0044 + 097 or EPIC 220641886) is a bright (V = 10.2) long-period V1093 Her-type subdwarf B (sdB) pulsating star that was observed by the Kepler spacecraft in its secondary (K2) mission. We use the K2 light curve (78.7 d) to extract 169 pulsation frequencies, 124 with a robust detection. Most of these frequencies are found in the low-frequency region typical of gravity (g-)modes, but some higher frequencies corresponding to pressure (p-)modes are also detected. Therefore HD 4539 is a hybrid pulsator and both the deep and surface layers of the star can potentially be probed through asteroseismology. The lack of any frequency splitting in its amplitude spectrum suggests that HD 4539 has a rotation period longer than the K2 run and/or that it is seen pole-on. From asymptotic period spacing we see many high-degree modes, up to l = 12, in the spectrum of HD 4539, with amplitudes as low as a few ppm. A large fraction of these modes can be identified and for ∼29 per cent of them we obtain a unique and robust identification corresponding to l ≤ 8. Our study includes also a new determination of the atmospheric parameters of the star. From low-resolution spectroscopy we obtain Teff = 22 800 ± 160 K, log g = 5.20 ± 0.02, and log(N(He)/N(H)) = −2.34 ± 0.05. By fitting the SED we obtain Teff = 23 470$^{+650}_{-210}$ K, R⋆ = 0.26 ± 0.01 R⊙, and M⋆ = 0.40 ± 0.08 M⊙. Moreover, from 11 high-resolution spectra we see the radial velocity variations caused by the stellar pulsations, with amplitudes of ≈150 m s−1 for the main modes, and we can exclude the presence of a companion with a minimum mass higher than a few Jupiter masses for orbital periods below ∼300 d.
What Would the Defendant have Done but for the Wrong?
Authors: Pratt Michael G 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Suppose a defendant owed the claimant a duty that the defendant could have discharged by taking any one of several different measures. The defendant took none, violating the duty. When assessing damages, how should the court determine which measure the defendant would have taken had the defendant not committed the wrong? I explain how this peculiar counterfactual inquiry should proceed. I examine the role of counterfactual analysis in the assessment of damages generally, before exploring the special difficulty it raises in cases involving disjunctive duties (duties capable of being variously satisfied). By virtue of certain doctrinal assumptions, it is a difficulty that courts have mostly avoided. I argue that these assumptions are unjustifiable and should be jettisoned. The problem of how to determine the counterfactual, lawful conduct of a defendant who violated a disjunctive duty cannot be avoided. I propose a principled solution to the problem that can be straightforwardly applied by judges.
Rare but not beyond care: a young female with altered mental status and seizures
Authors: Pathireddy Samata , Bose Subashish , Baradhi Krishna , Aeddula Narothama Reddy 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A 40-year-old Caucasian lady with focal crescentic glomerulonephritis (p-ANCA) demonstrated by kidney biopsy, was treated with intravenous pulse steroids followed by weekly outpatient rituximab infusions (375 mg/m2). Five days after the fourth and final rituximab infusion, she developed headaches, altered mental status and seizures. Upon transfer to our facility, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed cortical white matter changes suggestive of possible progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). She was aggressively treated with antihypertensives, anti-seizure medications, intravenous steroids, plasmapheresis and ventilatory support while awaiting cerebrospinal fluid analysis and polymerase chain reaction on John Cunningham virus DNA. She had a complete recovery and, at 1 year follow up, was found to be doing well. Awareness of potential complications of rituximab therapy, such as PRES or PML is critical in providing appropriate treatment.
Global and Specific Cortical Volume Asymmetries in Individuals With Psychosis Risk Syndrome and Schizophrenia: A Mixed Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Perspective
Authors: Damme Katherine S F , Vargas Teresa , Calhoun Vince , Turner Jessica , Mittal Vijay A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cortical volumetric asymmetry (CVA) has been widely observed in individuals with psychosis, and is associated with etiological risk factors (e.g., genetics, neuromaturation) and treatment response. However, it is unclear whether CVA abnormalities emerge before psychotic illness onset. Understanding whether CVA manifests in clinical high-risk (CHR)—compared with healthy controls and schizophrenia patients (SCZ)—over time may inform our understanding of pathogenic factors. A total of 233 individuals: 73 CHR, 112 healthy controls, and 48 SCZ underwent an MRI and clinical interviews. Ninety-four individuals including healthy volunteers (HV) (n = 49) and CHR (n = 45), completed another scan at 12-months. CVA was compared by lobe in a repeated-measure design across groups, then nested by time in a longitudinal model. CHR and SCZ groups showed reduced global CVA compared with the healthy control groups but the CHR and SCZ group did not differ from each other. A group by lobe interaction indicated the presence of lobe specific reductions in frontal and cingulate CVA. Cingulate CVA was reduced in CHR and SCZ groups compared to HC groups but did not differ from each other. Frontal CVA was reduced in the older healthy controls compared with younger-HC and CHR, but did not differ from the similarly aged SZ group. CVA is similarly impacted in SCZ and CHR groups, potentially reflecting pathogenic processes. Longitudinal analyses provided further support for the neurodevelopmental hypothesis as CHR exhibited longitudinal changes in opposite directions from normative neuromaturation in HV, which was related to increasing risk for psychosis in the CHR.
The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Rosuvastatin in Wound Healing in Rabbits: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Tetila Amanda Feba , Breda Maria Rosa Santos , Nogueira Rosa Maria Barilli , Nai Gisele Alborghetti , Laposy Cecília Braga 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) improves wound healing in rabbits by analyzing morphologic alterations in lesions with the use of PRP alone or combined with rosuvastatin (RSV).

METHODS
Eight adult male New Zealand rabbits were used in this study. Researchers created four wounds on the back of each rabbit with an 8-mm punch. The control wound was treated with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution. Experimental wounds were treated with PRP, RSV, or both PRP and RSV. Dressings were changed with a new application of PRP and RSV every 4 days for 16 days. Wounds were biopsied on days 0, 7, 10, 14, and 17 for histopathologic evaluation of the scar tissue.

MAIN RESULTS
Histopathology revealed reepithelialization in 100% of wounds treated with PRP alone after 17 days of treatment, compared with 50% of wounds treated with RSV alone and 75% of the wounds treated with PRP and RSV. Further, combining RSV and PRP reduced blood loss. The use of PRP alone induced 100% neovascularization, compared with 50% and 62.5% in wounds treated with PRP and RSV and RSV alone, respectively. All experimental wounds had a higher percentage of collagen fibers on day 17 postlesion when compared with control wounds (78.27% ± 4.69%). There were no significant differences among treatments; however, wounds treated with RSV alone had the lowest amount of collagen fibers (85.98% ± 3.51%). Wounds treated with PRP alone or PRP and RSV had 90.07% ± 6.20% and 90.76% ± 3.51% collagen fibers, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that PRP elicits higher healing activity in the first 7 days postlesion. Treatments with RSV alone or RSV and PRP did enhance other healing phases.
Gabapentin for Perioperative Pain Management for Uterine Aspiration
Authors: Gray Beverly A. , Hagey Jill M. , Crabtree Donna , Wynn Clara , Weber Jeremy M. , Pieper Carl F. , Haddad Lisa B. 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effect of oral gabapentin in conjunction with usual oral pain management regimens of lorazepam, ibuprofen, oxycodone, and acetaminophen for surgical abortion on pain 5 minutes postprocedure.

METHODS:
This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of patients from 6 0/7–14 6/7 weeks of gestation scheduled to undergo surgical abortion at the Duke Family Planning Clinic. Participants were administered 600 mg of oral gabapentin compared with placebo with usual oral pain management. Pain score was assessed using a 100-mm visual analog scale, with the primary outcome being pain score 5 minutes after the procedure. The effect of gabapentin was assessed using a linear regression model controlling for baseline pain. We also measured pain perception 24 hours after the procedure. Secondary outcome measures included anxiety, side effects, and usage of opiate pain medication in the 24-hour postoperative period.

RESULTS:
Out of 113 women screened for this study; 96 women were recruited, enrolled, and randomized to study treatment arm from August 2016 to June 2018. Pain at 5 minutes after the procedure was similar between the gabapentin and placebo groups (

JOURNAL/obsgy/04.03/00006250-201909000-00024/inline-formula1/v/2023-07-11T165522Z/r/image-tiff

=3.40; 95% CI −8.20 to 15.0; P=.56). Gabapentin and placebo were well tolerated, with no statistically significant difference in side effects or anxiety levels. Although prescription of opioids after the procedure was not standardized among patients, 73% of women received a short-term prescription for oxycodone. A lower percentage of women in the gabapentin group self-reported taking opioids in the 24 hours postprocedure (18% vs 47%; odds ratio 0.26; 95% CI 0.09–0.75).

CONCLUSION:
The addition of gabapentin to usual oral pain management regimens with paracervical block did not reduce postoperative pain for patients undergoing outpatient surgical abortion. Although the addition of gabapentin was well tolerated and reduced oral opiate use 24 hours postprocedure, it did not affect the experience of pain during and immediately after the procedure.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02725710.
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery to Change Process Measures and Reduce Opioid Use After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Hedderson Monique , Lee Derrick , Hunt Eric , Lee Kimberly , Xu Fei , Mustille Alex , Galin Jessica , Campbell Cynthia , Quesenberry Charles , Reyes Vivian , Huang Mengfei , Nicol Barbara , Paulson Shirley , Liu Vincent 
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) program for patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery by comparing opioid exposure, multimodal analgesia use, and other process and outcome measures before and after implementation.

METHODS:
An ERAS program was implemented among patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery in a large integrated health care delivery system. We conducted a pre–post study of ERAS implementation to compare changes in process and outcome measures during the 12 months before and 12 months after implementation.

RESULTS:
The study included 4,689 patients who underwent an elective cesarean delivery in the 12 months before (pilot sites: March 1, 2015–February 29, 2016, all other sites: October 1, 2015–September 30, 2016), and 4,624 patients in the 12 months after (pilot sites: April 1, 2016–March 31, 2017, all other sites: November 1, 2016–October 31, 2017) ERAS program implementation. After ERAS implementation mean inpatient opioid exposure (average daily morphine equivalents) decreased from 10.7 equivalents (95% CI 10.2–11.3) to 5.4 equivalents (95% CI 4.8–5.9) controlling for age, race–ethnicity, prepregnancy body mass index, patient reported pain score, and medical center. The use of multimodal analgesia (ie, acetaminophen and neuraxial anesthesia) increased from 9.7% to 88.8%, the adjusted risk ratio (RR) for meeting multimodal analgesic goals was 9.13 (RR comparing post-ERAS with pre-ERAS; 95% CI 8.35–10.0) and the proportion of time patients reported acceptable pain scores increased from 82.1% to 86.4% (P<.001). Outpatient opioids dispensed at hospital discharge decreased from 85.9% to 82.2% post-ERAS (P<.001) and the average number of dispensed pills decreased from 38 to 26 (P<.001). The hours to first postsurgical ambulation decreased by 2.7 hours (95% CI −3.1 to −2.4) and the hours to first postsurgical solid intake decreased by 11.1 hours (95% CI −11.5 to −10.7). There were no significant changes in hospital length of stay, surgical site infections, hospital readmissions, or breastfeeding rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
Implementation of an ERAS program in patients undergoing elective cesarean delivery was associated with a reduction in opioid inpatient and outpatient exposure and with changes in surgical process measures of care without worsened surgical outcomes.
Malignancies in systemic lupus erythematosus: an update
Authors: Ladouceur Alexandra , Clarke Ann E. , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Bernatsky Sasha 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have altered incidences of certain malignancies as compared with the general population. This review summarizes the recent literature on risk of malignancy in SLE and proposed mechanisms for these altered susceptibilities.

Recent findings
Recent studies have confirmed previous data showing an increased risk of hematological, lung, thyroid, liver, cervical and vulvovaginal cancers, while demonstrating a decreased risk of breast and prostate cancer. Lymphomagenesis in SLE has been linked to increased activity of multiple inflammatory cytokines as well as possible viral causes. The decreased rates of hormone-sensitive cancers, such as breast and prostate is speculated to be related to the presence of lupus autoantibodies and downregulation of certain proteins in SLE. This knowledge has been utilized to investigate new therapeutic modalities for these malignancies.

Summary
Recent data confirm previously reported altered malignancy rates in SLE. There has been some elucidation of mechanisms underlying cancer development in SLE, although additional work is yet to be done.
Current strategies for vaccination in glioblastoma
Authors: Dutoit Valérie , Migliorini Denis , Dietrich Pierre-Yves 
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review
Immunotherapy is viewed as a promising approach for glioblastoma and, in particular, therapeutic vaccines are being intensively studied. Here, we review results provided by recent clinical trials of glioblastoma vaccination and discuss the required strategies to optimize such approaches.

Recent findings
Two studies showed the feasibility of generating mutation-derived personalized vaccines in the short time frame given by the fast course of disease in glioblastoma. However, one of these demonstrated lack of mutation-derived cell surface presented MHC class I or II peptides in tumors with low mutational burden.

Summary
Whereas glioblastoma vaccines are well tolerated, impact on patient survival has yet to be proven. Combinations with immune checkpoint inhibitors are being tested, but strategies aiming at targeting the tumor microenvironment should be implemented as well. Finally, accurate immunomonitoring should be promoted in order to identify the best vaccine strategies, alone or in combination.
Anthropometric Breast Measurement: Analysis of the Average Breast in Young Nulliparous Saudi Female Population
Authors: Al-Qattan Mohammad M. , Aldakhil Sahar S. , Al-Hassan Turki S. , Al-Qahtani Abdulah 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Anthropometric measurements and proportions of the female body play a significant role in plastic and reconstructive surgery. This study is aimed to identify the descriptive measurements of the breast in a sample population of young nulliparous Saudi women.

Methods:
Fifty-four nulliparous Saudi women of 20–25 years old, with no physical or developmental deformity, and body mass index (BMI) of 20–25 kg/m2 were recruited. The following parameters were measured: body weight, height, BMI, sternal notch-nipple length for each breast (SN), internipple distance (IND), distance from nipple to inframammary fold (IMF), distance from edge of areola to the IMF, and areolar diameter (AD).

Results:
The mean values of age, BMI, height, and weight of the participants were 22.1 ± 1.2 years, 21.8 ± 3.1 kg/m2, 162.1 ± 5 cm, and 57.4 ± 8.6 kg, respectively. The mean values of the breast parameters were 19.8, 20.3, 7.7, 5.4, and 4.5 cm for SN, IND, distance from nipple to IMF, distance from lower end of the areola to IMF, and AD, respectively. Statistically significant difference was found only in the distance from edge of areola to IMF between the right and left breasts, with the parameter significantly higher in the left breast (P < 0.05, n = 54). A positive correlation between weight and BMI was found in SN, IND, distance from nipple to IMF, and AD.

Conclusion:
These study results will be useful for the comparison of anthropometric breast values of young Saudi women with those of women from other nationalities.