bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid glands: the normal development, anatomy and histological structure
Authors: Mokrysheva Natalia G. , Krupinova Julia A. , Voronkova Iya A. 
Published: May 2019

Parathyroid glands (PG) are endocrine glands, which are the most important humoral regulators of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body. They were first described by an Englishman Richard Owen in 1849. Most of patients have four PG – upper and lower. In 13% of cases there are more than four PG. The glands arise as diverticula from the endoderm of the third and fourth branchial pouches between the fifth and twelfth week of gestation. The IV branchial pouch forms the upper gland, and III pouch forms the inferior gland.
The parathyroid hormone production has been demonstrated as early as 83/7 weeks gestational age. The formation, migration, differentiation and functioning of the PGs are determined by a number of genes and changes in them could lead to disfunction in these processes. The ectopic of PG is possible when migration violation (up to 22% of cases). The most common location of the ectopic PG is parenchyma of the thymus and thyroid gland. Each PG is richly vascularized and it is surrounded by a thin connective tissue. In adults, there are two types of parenchymal cells: the chief cells (active and inactive forms) and the oxyphil cells. During the life, the ratio of types of parenchymal cells and their activity have been changing, as well as the characteristics of the stroma.
Analytical theory in terms of J2, J3, J4 with eccentric anomaly for short-term orbit predictions using uniformly regular KS canonical elements
Authors: Anand P Athira , Krishan Sharma Ram 
Published: May 2019

A new non-singular analytical theory with respect to the Earthâ€™s zonal harmonic terms J2, J3, J4 has been developed for short-periodic motion, by analytically integrating the uniformly regular KS canonical equations of motion using generalized eccentric anomaly â€˜Eâ€™ as the independent variable. Only one of the eight equations need to be integrated analytically to generate the state vector, due to the symmetry in the equations of motion, and the computation for the other equations is done by changing the initial conditions. King-Heleâ€™s expression for radial distance â€˜râ€™ with J2 is also considered in generating the solution. The results obtained from the analytical expressions in a single step during half a revolution match quite well with numerically integrated values. Numerical results also indicate that the solution is reasonably accurate for a wide range of orbital elements during half a revolution and is an improvement over Sharon et al. [17] theory, which is generated in terms of KS regular elements. It can be used for studying the short-term relative motion of two or more space objects and in collision avoidance studies of space objects. It can be also useful for onboard computation in the navigation and guidance packages.Â Â
Socio-economic correlates of more than one personal account ownership in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana
Authors: Bawuah Jonas , Yusheng Kong , K. Jerry Asare Isaac , Osei Owusu Stella 
Published: May 2019

Financial inclusion is seen as one of the major tools that can be used to oust poverty. Given this, several studies have been done to find out the kind of individuals who are likely to have indicators of financial inclusion such as ownership of savings accounts among others. However, it has been observed that certain individuals tend to have multiple savings accounts in which very little is known in the literature about the features of such individuals and why. This study therefore purposively sampled 200 adult respondents in the Kumasi Metropolis of Ghana with at least one account in any formal institution, in order to investigate the determinants of more than one or multiple personal financial accounts holding. The study employed the binary logit model as the empirical estimation technique. The study therefore found that, most respondents chose enjoyment of several benefits as the most important reason they own more than one personal account. From the regression estimates, the study revealed males, those aged 31-40 years, the employed, married, respondents with junior high school (J.H.S), senior high school (S.H.S) and tertiary levels of education to be more likely to own more than one personal account. The findings therefore fill a major gap in the financial inclusion literature and hence further reinforce the essence of socio-economic factors such as gender, age, education, employment, religion and marital status in the financial inclusion drive.Â Â Â
Naphthoquinone impairs reproductive functions in plasmodium berghei berghei-infected male swiss mice
Authors: Sunday Etukudoh Nkereuwem , Oreofe Akindele Opeyemi , Tolulope Kunle-Alabi Olufadekemi , Folashade Bolarinwa Adeyombo 
Published: May 2019

Background: Various antimalarial drugs adversely affect male reproductive functions. Naphtoquinones, a class of antimalarial drugs have been shown to effectively combat malaria parasites. However, the effects of naphtoquinone on reproductive functions remain elusive. The study determined the effects of naphthoquinone on reproductive functions of Plasmodium berghei berghei-infected male Swiss miceMethods: Thirty male Swiss mice were divided into 6 groups (n = 5) namely; Control, 1 mg/kg naphthoquinone, 2 mg/kg naphthoquinone, Plasmodium berghei berghei (Pbb)-infected, Pbb-infected+1 mg/kg naphthoquinone and Pbb-infected+2 mg/kg naphthoquinone. Parasitaemia was confirmed by microscopy. Naphthoquinone (i.p.) was administered for seven days following confirmation of parasitaemia. Thereafter, they were sacrificed. Serum levels of FSH, LH, testosterone and cortisol were assayed via ELISA. Sperm characteristics were evaluated by microscopy. Data were expressed as mean Â± SEM and analysed using ANOVA at p<0.05.Results: Sperm motility reduced in the Pbb-infected compared with control. Sperm viability, motility and count reduced in naphthoquinone only groups and Pbb-infected+naphthoquinone groups compared with the control. Naphthoquinone groups and Pbb-infected alone decreased in LH and testosterone concentrations compared with the control.Conclusion: Naphthoquinone treatment impaired reproductive functions in Plasmodium berghei berghei-infected male Swiss mice.Â Â
Incubation Behaviour of Common Eiders Somateria Mollissima in the Central Baltic: Nest Attendance and Loss in Body Mass
Authors: Garbus Svend-Erik , Lyngs Peter , Garbus Mathias , Garbus Pelle , Eulaers Igor , Mosbech Anders , Dietz Rune , Gilchrist H. Grant , Huusmann Rene , Christensen Jens Peter , Sonne Christian 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Here we present the recording of body mass change and weight loss during incubation in a Common Eider Somateria mollissima colony at Christiansø in the Central Baltic (55°19’N 15°11’E). The study was conducted during April and May 2015 and a total number of four birds were followed (two were lost due to predation and three due to power outages). Body mass and nesting behaviour was recorded electronically over a period of 26–27 days using automatic poultry scales and a surveillance video camera. During incubation, the eiders underwent a 28–37% loss in body mass and left the nest on average 13 times (range: 7–17 times) for a period of 7–70 min. In general, birds with high initial body mass left their nest for a shorter total time than birds with lower initial body mass. The recorded daily changes in body mass indicate that the eiders foraged during the incubation period, not just leaving the nest for rehydration or in response to disturbance, which improve our current understanding of eider incubation behaviour. Such information is important to fully understanding of eider breeding biology in order to better conserve and manage the species during its breeding seasons where individual birds undergo extreme stress that may affect reproductive outcome and adult survival.
New Marine IBAs For the Mediterranean ShagPhalacrocorax Aristotelis Desmarestiiin Slovenia
Authors: Koce Urška 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe IBA network is being regularly updated, based on new data and their better quality. There have been three previous stages of the marine IBA identification in Slovenia and the Mediterranean Shag has been included as the qualifying species only in the most recent stage in 2011. However, the sites were limited to inshore coastal roost-sites and thus insufficient to cover the foraging areas of the species. To fill this gap in the Slovenian territorial sea, new marine IBAs have been identified for the Mediterranean Shag within the scope of the SIMARINE-NATURA (LIFE10NAT/SI/141) project in the 2011–2015 period. The new sites were identified following standardized methodology for the identification of marine IBAs from BirdLife International. The data on the Mediterranean Shag distribution and population size were collected using four field methods: (1) monthly monitoring at in-shore communal roost-sites, (2) monthly monitoring at sea following the standardized ESAS method, (3) GPS telemetry, and (4) unsystematic census of in-shore floating groups. Based on these data, one new site, the IBA Osrednji Tržaški zaliv, and one extension to the existing IBA Debeli rtič were identified, covering 8,218 ha and 155 ha, respectively. The new sites cover 39.2% of the Slovenian territorial sea.
A contribution to the knowledge of diet composition of the Barn Owl Tyto alba in the area of Pisa (Italy)
Authors: Zagoršek Tjaša 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We examined the pellets of the Barn Owl Tyto alba, collected in Pisa, Italy, in 2012. Altogether, 219 specimens of small mammals were found in 85 pellets. The Barn Owl diet was composed of ten species of small mammals, representing three different families (Muridae, Cricetidae, Soricidae). The main prey species was the Wood Mouse Apodemus sylvaticus, followed by the House Mouse Mus musculus and the Savi’s Pine Vole Microtus savii. While the smallest of the small mammals from the area, the Etruscan Shrew Suncus etruscus, was well represented in the pellets, some larger species of small mammals were not represented at all. The reason for such result may lie in the upper limit for our Barn Owl’s prey size. Results suggest that optimal prey weight for our Barn Owl may be between 26–75 g of body mass, however, the prey can be occasionally as heavy as almost 100 g, represented by adult Rat Rattus spp. Nevertheless, our results may not reflect the true hunting strategy of the Barn Owl, but the availability of a certain food item at one point in time.
Icelandic Nature and Global Evils – Concepts of Nature in Romantic Poetry and Nordic Noir TV Series from Iceland
Authors: Glanz Berit 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper takes concepts from spatial theory and globalization discourse and uses them in order to analyze the narrative function of descriptions of nature in romantic Icelandic poetry from the beginning of the 19th century and an Icelandic TV-Series from 2015. In Iceland’s romantic poetry of the early 19th century, especially in poems written by Bjarni Thorarensen, sublime nature is described as a form of guardian against foreign influences that threaten the way of living on the peripheral island. This romantic concept of Icelandic nature is closely connected to narrative patterns in the process of the Icelandic Nation-Building, as it characterizes Icelanders as simultaneously defined and protected by the harsh conditions on the island. The paper takes a comparative look at the underlying narrative concepts of nature in two of Bjarni Thorarensen’s poems and a recent Icelandic TV series, Baltasar Kormákur’s Ófærð (2015), that presents a different concept of Icelandic nature in its relation to a (threatening) global influence. The series depicts a globalized world in which crime does not only affect remote communities as an evil from the outside but as a local evil connected to forces on global scale. Nature as a narrative device in the TV series thus does not protect Icelanders from global forces, as it did in Bjarni Thorarensens poems in the early 19th century, but instead functions a catalyst that reveals the evil from the outside and the evil from within.
Dunkle Welten: Kulturpessimismus in Bron/Broen Staffel II
Authors: Heitmann Annegret 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The article examines the relation of structural, thematic and cinematographic means in the second season of the Danish/Swedish TV-series Bron/Broen and sets them in relation to the claim of „double storytelling“ of a good story and a political or ethical message. After an attempt at visualizing the complexity of the plot construction, the focus is directed toward an analysis of the medialisation of crime as well as its detection. Scandinavian society is depicted as a surveillance state which the series does not explicitly question. The brutal crimes committed in the name of an ecological cause are presented as an outcome of extreme violence and personal evil, which turn the alleged social criticism into cultural pessimism and depict a very dark picture of the world.
Prefixal articles across domains: Syntactic licensing in Albanian
Authors: Sonnenhauser Barbara , Widmer Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this article we venture to elucidate the origin of the Albanian subjunctive markertë-. We contend that this marker is historically linked to a morphosyntactic device which is traditionally described as linking article and which licenses nominal syntactic units as constituents of larger syntactic units. Based on the observation that there is a substantial distributional, functional and semantic overlap between nonfinite verbal forms marked withtë-and finite subjunctive predicates, we propose that the subjunctive marker spread across host classes from nominals to nonfinite predicates and to finite subjunctive predicates. The spread into the finite verbal domain is areally fostered, while the licensing device itself is an independent Albanian development that possibly picks up a vertical, Indo-European signal.
Genre-related language change: Discourse- and corpus-linguistic perspectives on Austrian German 1970–2010
Authors: Rheindorf Markus , Wodak Ruth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe motivation and diffusion of language change have been modelled and discussed in frequently conflicting terms, often focused on an isolated set of features rather than more integrative sociolinguistic concerns. We present a case study of language change in Austrian German along a broad range of lexical, syntactic as well as textual features, approached through a corpus based on genres situated in the pertinent fields of news reporting, education and business. Based on our results, we argue that drawing on ‘genre’ as socially-situated, interactive and goal-oriented patterns of language use provides both a conceptual and empirical framework that may help address some of the more prominent issues in modelling language change: as a concept, it provides a frame within which to grasp the social changes driving language change; as empirical focus, it guides data selection and allows us to describe and explicate complex and seemingly contradictory diffusion patterns.
Introduction: Language and speakerhood in migratory contexts
Authors: Márquez Reiter Rosina , Martín Rojo Luisa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This special issue brings together a collection of case studies that examine the making of speakerhood as experienced by migrants in Spain and Portugal. It focuses on moments in the life course of speakers as they navigate across transnational contexts where they face various linguistic demands. This involves being confronted with the norms, requirements and the values that define who is considered to be a speaker of the “language” or “languages” of the receiving community and being assessed in accordance with a given measure, that is, a canon of speakerhood in a particular community. The findings reveal the complexity of linguistic appropriation and the fundamental inclusive and exclusive nature of the making of a speaker in a world characterized by ambivalent historicities and uncertain investment outcome. The special issue allows critical questioning of notions such as nativeness and new speakerness through a theoretical and political engagement with speakerhood, and to interrogate what it means for whom to navigate linguistically and socially in receiving societies where personhood remains solidly attached to speakerhood.
Mesenchymal stromal cells and TGF-β1 in tracheal aspirate of premature infants: early predictors for bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
Authors: Aly Hany , Mansi Yasmeen , Ez El Din Zahraa , Gabr Metwally Hala , Sabry Amira 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
The pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) includes arrest of alveolar septation and enhanced fibrosis. We hypothesized that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in tracheal aspirates of mechanically ventilated premature infants differ in BPD and non-BPD infants.

Methods
Tracheal aspirates were collected during the first week of life. Mononuclear cells were separated, cultured and immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. MSCs colony/cluster ratio was calculated as an index for dysplastic potentials. TGF-β1 was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Setting: Neonatal intensive care unit.

Patients
Premature infants at risk for BPD.

Results
A total of 121 preterm infants were enrolled; 27 of them died and among the 94 survivors 23 infants had BPD. MSCs were identified in younger [gestational age (GA): 30.9±1.7 vs. 31.8±1.8, P=0.025] and smaller [birth weight (BW): 1.3±0.28 vs. 1.44±0.37 kg, P=0.04] infants with lower Apgar scores. The recovery rate of MSCs in BPD and non-BPD groups did not differ. BPD group had significantly smaller colony/cluster ratio compared to non-BPD (0.97 vs. 4.25, P=0.002). TGF-β1 was significantly greater in BPD infants (4173.9±864.3 vs. 3705.8±540.5 pg/mL, P=0.021).

Conclusion
Infants with BPD had different MSCs morphology and greater TGF-β1 expression. The pathogenesis for these morphological changes of resident lung MSCs needs further studying.
Beyond the ‘Moments’ of Law and Development: Critical Reflections on Law and Development Scholarship in a Globalized Economy
Authors: Tan Celine 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This paper aims to review and assess the contributions and limitations of law and development (L&D) as a field of legal scholarship in relation to the constitution of the international economy and global economic governance. It seeks to reflect on the theoretical and methodological contributions of L&D theory and practice on the development of international legal scholarship, particularly in the rapidly evolving field of international economic law. The intersections of economic theory, jurisprudence and legal theory and the institutional practice of development agencies and international economic organizations which are the focus of L&D scholarship provide a useful interdisciplinary prism through which developments in the regulatory framework of the global economy can be studied. Mapping the ways in which what Trubek and Santos call the three overlapping spheres of L&D – economic theory, legal theory and institutional practices – enables us to chart, understand and, where necessary, contest, the shifts in development theory and policy and institutional practice that influence and shape legal reform and scholarship.
Service Trade Liberalization in Oman: International Commitments and Trade Performance
Authors: Boughanmi Houcine , Al-Riyami Said 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The service sector constitutes an important and a growing sector of the global economy as well as in the Arab region. In Oman, the service sector accounts for the highest share in the sectoral composition of the GDP and constitutes a crucial component of the overall policy of economic diversification. The objective of this paper is to investigate the extent of service trade liberalization in Oman as reflected in its international trade commitments, and analyze its trade performance using an adapted version of the gravity model within the context of the wider Arab region. The analysis shows that Oman has the third most extensive GATS commitments in the Arab region, which have been consolidated and improved upon under USA–Oman FTA. Results from the gravity analysis indicate that WTO membership has a significant effect in enhancing service exports, while the variable US-FTA has a correct sign but a non-significant effect. Trade potential calculation shows that comparatively Oman has a quite significant export potential among the Arab countries indicating that it could potentially increase its exports more than what is actually traded. A trade liberalization scenario, in which countries reduce their trade restrictiveness index to the most liberal country in the region indicates that the GCC countries like Kuwait, Qatar and Oman would benefit the most from service liberalization with an increase in export values of, respectively, 89 %, 87 % and 75 % compared d to the base year.
Thermal Ageing of Power Cable Components Through Penetrations
Authors: Puiu D. , Corbescu B. , Cepisca C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The power cables passing through penetration leads to growth of the thermal ageing mechanisms rate. The paper presents the results of the laboratory tests when the real environmental service conditions for penetration are simulated comparison with the result of the thermal computation of the power cables heating and of the temperature influence evaluation of temperature increase of the power cable components on the cable lifetime. For this particular case, a power cable with PVC insulation, we estimated a lifetime decrease about 20 years referring to lifetime (30÷40 years) for location in air.
Innovative Devops for Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ciucu R. , Adochiei F.C. , Adochiei Ioana-Raluca , Argatu F. , Seriţan G.C. , Enache B. , Grigorescu S. , Argatu Violeta Vasilica 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Developing Artificial Intelligence is a labor intensive task. It implies both storage and computational resources. In this paper, we present a state-of-the-art service based infrastructure for deploying, managing and serving computational models alongside their respective data-sets and virtual environments. Our architecture uses key-based values to store specific graphs and datasets into memory for fast deployment and model training, furthermore leveraging the need for manual data reduction in the drafting and retraining stages. To develop the platform, we used clustering and orchestration to set up services and containers that allow deployment within seconds. In this article, we cover high performance computing concepts such as swarming, GPU resource management for model implementation in production environments with emphasis on standardized development to reduce integration tasks and performance optimization.