bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Main factors controlling the organic matter enrichment in the Lower Cambrian sediments of the Sichuan Basin, SW China
Authors: Wang Ning , Li Meijun , Tian Xingwang , Hong Haitao , Liu Peng , Chen Guo , Wang Maolin 
Published: July 2019

The Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation contains more than 200 m of marine sediments mainly consisting of mudstone and black shales, which are widely accepted as the most important hydrocarbon source rocks of the Ediacaran–Cambrian giant gas field in the Sichuan Basin. The geochemical compositions of biomarkers and trace elements obtained from black shales at the bottom of the Qiongzhusi Formation were used to reconstruct the palaeoproductivity and palaeoenvironment and to determine the main factors controlling the deposition and preservation of this organic‐rich shales. Based on varieties of steroids and hopanoids compositions, multifarious palaeobios such as pelagophyceae, dinoflagellate, diatom (or its ancestor), sponges, and aerobic/anaerobic bacteria have been proved to evolve in the Early Cambrian in the Sichuan Basin. In addition, a relative high concentration of Cubio compared with modern oceanic palaeoproductivity proxies indicate a moderate to relatively high palaeoproductivity, which is favourable for the organic matter accumulation of this source rocks. Moreover, the evidence from biomarkers and trace element ratios suggest that the Lower Cambrian sediments were deposited under a non‐sulphurized anoxic condition, which provided a favourable preservation condition. The covariation among Porg, Cubio, and TOC shows that the palaeoproductivity is the main controlling factor for the high organic content of the black shales of the Qiongzhusi Formation.
Facies architecture of a subaqueous volcano–sedimentary succession on Bogda Mountains, NW China—Evidence of extension in Late Carboniferous
Authors: Memtimin Mehmut , Zhang Yuanyuan , Furnes Harald , Pe‐Piper Georgia , Piper David J. W. , Guo Zhaojie 
Published: July 2019

A Late Carboniferous volcano–sedimentary complex outcrops on the southwestern flank of the Bogda Mountains, NW China. The volcanic architecture, spatial relationships, and emplacement mechanisms of the lithofacies were studied in detail, providing a lithofacies context for previously published structural and geochemical studies and constraining the reconstruction of palaeo‐environments. Four distinct volcano–sedimentary facies are identified in the Qijiagou Formation: close‐packed pillow basalts, pillow basalts with interstitial sediments, hyaloclastites, and peperites. Textural features of the lithofacies, especially hyaloclastites and peperites, provide clear evidence for in situ fragmentation of lava flows, co‐volcanic sedimentation of limestone, and intimate interaction between lava, water, and sediments. They demonstrate autochthonous, subaqueous origin of the succession. Discovery of peperites and stratigraphic transitions of the related lithofacies indicate a progressively deepening subaqueous environment, resembling a volcanic evolution from early stage of eruption at a shallower level to increasingly subsiding basin with increasing eruption frequency of basaltic lava at greater water depth. Vesicularity of basalts, ambient pressure, and peperitic features indicate eruption depth at between 1,500 and 2,500 m. The deep extensional basin in the Baiyanggou area was coeval with bimodal volcanism, uplift, and granite intrusion along strike in the region, all indicating continental collision and post‐collisional extension. The substantial depth of the Baiyanggou Basin indicates that it may have been a back‐arc or even a residual oceanic basin.
Discussion of memory during primary care visits of older adults with cognitive impairment and accompanying family
Authors: Aufill Jennifer , Amjad Halima , Roter Debra L. , Wolff Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesCognitive impairment is underdiagnosed in primary care. Understanding factors that precipitate memory‐related discussion could inform strategies to improve diagnosis and counseling. We assessed whether: 1) having a cognitive impairment or dementia diagnosis, 2) ratings of cognition by clinicians, or 3) ratings of cognition by family companions were associated with memory‐related discussion during primary care visits.MethodsWe examined audio‐recorded primary care visits of cognitively impaired patients aged 65 years and older, family companions (n = 93 dyads), and clinicians (n = 14). Cognitive impairment and dementia diagnoses were extracted from the electronic health record. Clinicians and family rated patient cognition on a 10‐point scale in postvisit surveys. We measured memory‐related discussion using a ratio of memory‐related discussion episodes to total visit statements.ResultsWe observed more memory‐related discussion during primary care visits of patients with a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (+7.8% episodes; P < .001) or dementia (+26.3% episodes; P < .001) than no diagnosis. Clinician and family ratings of cognition varied by diagnosis: among patients with no diagnosis, family rated worse impairment than clinicians (average: 2.4 versus 1.3; P = .004) while for patients with a dementia diagnosis, clinicians rated worse impairment than family (average: 7.1 versus 5.5; P = .006). Each unit increase in clinician‐rated severity of cognitive impairment was associated with more memory‐related discussion (+2.6% episodes; P < .001); this association was attenuated for family (+0.7% episodes; P = .095).ConclusionsDiscussion of cognitive impairment appears largely driven by clinician ratings of cognition and presence of an established diagnosis. Findings suggest potential benefit of engaging family to improve cognitive impairment detection in primary care.
A second life for low‐grade wool through formation of all‐keratin composites in cystine reducing calcium chloride–water–ethanol solution
Authors: Fitz‐Binder Christa , Pham Tung , Bechtold Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDCoarse low grade wool holds a share of more than 40% of the worldwide production of 1.2 million tons per year. Wool hair with a diameter above 32.5 μm and recycled wool waste represent an important source of high quality keratin. An efficient and simple shaping procedure to form all‐keratin composites could open a new approach to utilise wool keratin for production of sustainable and biodegradable all‐keratin composite.RESULTSIn this work the dissolution and regeneration of wool keratin was studied using a concentrated solution of calcium chloride–water–ethanol as solvent and thioglycolate as reducing agent to open disulphide bonds. Up to 70% of the wool keratin dissolved in the solvent at pH 7, 60 °C. After dilution with water a share of 80% of the total keratin could be obtained as regenerated composite structure while 20% of the protein remains in solution. Based on the model studies, all‐keratin composites were prepared by impregnation of wool with solvent followed by thermal consolidation in a heated press at 60 °C and 2.2–3.3 bar pressure.CONCLUSIONSThe new method for production of all‐keratin composites permits production of a protein‐based bio‐composite, which opens new applications for low value coarse wool and recycled wool waste. By use of cheap chemicals and thermal consolidation in standard equipment scale‐up of the technology is expected to be straightforward and commercially feasible, leading to a bio‐based and biodegradable composite material. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The impact of genetic counseling on patient engagement in a specialty cancer clinic
Authors: Zakas Anna L. , Leifeste Claire , Dudley Beth , Karloski Eve , Afonso Samantha , Grubs Robin E. , Shaffer John R. , Durst Andrea L. , Parkinson Michael D. , Brand Randall 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe identification of patient outcomes unique to the field of genetic counseling has become a recent priority of the profession. Current health‐care efforts have targeted patient engagement as an outcome capable of improving population health and reducing health‐care costs. This study analyzed patient engagement levels among 182 participants who underwent genetic counseling for gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk assessment in an outpatient specialty clinic. Patients seen at the UPMC Hereditary GI Tumor Program completed a validated patient engagement measure, the Altarum Consumer Engagement (ACE), prior to undergoing genetic counseling and again three months after enrollment. Paired t test analysis was conducted to assess the changes in Total ACE scores, and within the following three domains: Navigation, Informed Choice, and Commitment. In the sample of 182 participants, Total ACE scores increased after genetic counseling (by 5.7%; p < .0001), as did all three domains (Commitment p = .0008; Navigation p = .0008; and Informed Choice p = .0016). This study is the first known report of patient engagement levels in individuals undergoing genetic counseling in a specialty cancer clinic and suggests that genetic counseling improves patient engagement levels.
Switch to dolutegravir is well tolerated in Thais with HIV infection
Authors: Goh Orlanda Q , Colby Donn J , Pinyakorn Suteeraporn , Sacdalan Carlo , Kroon Eugène , Chan Phillip , Chomchey Nitiya , Kanaprach Ratchapong , Prueksakaew Peeriya , Suttichom Duanghathai , Trichavaroj Rapee , Spudich Serena , Robb Merlin L , Phanuphak Praphan , Phanuphak Nittaya , Ananworanich Jintanat ,   on behalf of RV254/SEARCH 010 Study Group
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionDolutegravir (DTG) is recommended as part of first‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV(PLHIV). We sought to determine the rate of adverse events (AEs) and discontinuations among Thais treated during acute HIV infection (AHI) and switched to DTG‐based regimens.MethodsThai participants in the SEARCH010/RV254 cohort who initiated ART during AHI and switched to DTG for at least 48 weeks were prospectively observed and included in the analysis. Rates and characteristics of DTG‐related AEs and discontinuations were described.ResultsA total of 313 Thai participants were included in the analysis. The median age was 29 years, 96% were male, 64% had a Bachelor's degree or higher and 16% had a body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2. Participants were on ART for a median of 124 weeks before switching to DTG. The median (IQR) body weight increased from 63 (56 to 70) kg before to 65 (58 to 73) kg (p < 0.0001) after 48 weeks of DTG. Forty‐nine (16%) developed DTG‐related AEs, corresponding to an incidence of 16.6 per 100 person‐years. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were most frequently encountered (n = 25, 8%), followed by laboratory abnormalities (n = 16, 5%). Six (2%) discontinued DTG, corresponding to an incidence of 2.4 per 100 person‐years. All discontinuations were due to increased liver enzymes in the presence of hepatitis C virus coinfection. In the multivariate analysis, incident hepatitis C virus infection was the only risk factor for discontinuing DTG (hazard ratio 59.4, 95% CI 8.5 to 297.9, p < 0.0001). Neither low BMI nor concurrent abacavir therapy was associated with discontinuation.ConclusionsDTG was well tolerated with few discontinuations in this cohort of young men. Incident hepatitis C virus infection was a driver of liver‐related AEs leading to discontinuations. In populations at risk, regular testing for hepatitis C virus during ART is recommended to anticipate possible AEs, guide management and improve safety.
Identifying cardiovascular risk factors that impact cerebrovascular reactivity: An ASL MRI study
Authors: Soman Salil , Dai Weiying , Dong Lucy , Hitchner Elizabeth , Lee Kyuwon , Baughman Brittanie D. , Holdsworth Samantha J. , Massaband Payam , Bhat Jyoti V. , Moseley Michael E. , Rosen Allyson , Zhou Wei , Zaharchuk Greg 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundTo maintain cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood vessels dilate and contract in response to blood supply through cerebrovascular reactivity (CR).PurposeCardiovascular (CV) disease is associated with increased stroke risk, but which risk factors specifically impact CR is unknown.Study TypeProspective longitudinal.SubjectsFifty‐three subjects undergoing carotid endarterectomy or stenting.Field Strength/Sequence3T, 3D pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) ASL, and T1 3D fast spoiled gradient echo (FSPGR).AssessmentWe evaluated group differences in CBF changes for multiple cardiovascular risk factors in patients undergoing carotid revascularization surgery.Statistical TestsPRE (baseline), POST (48‐hour postop), and 6MO (6 months postop) whole‐brain CBF measurements, as 129 CBF maps from 53 subjects were modeled as within‐subject analysis of variance (ANOVA). To identify CV risk factors associated with CBF change, the CBF change from PRE to POST, POST to 6MO, and PRE to 6MO were modeled as multiple linear regression with each CV risk factor as an independent variable. Statistical models were performed controlling for age on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis using SPM8. Significant clusters were reported if familywise error (FWE)‐corrected cluster‐level was P < 0.05, while the voxel‐level significance threshold was set for P < 0.001.ResultsThe entire group showed significant (cluster‐level P < 0.001) CBF increase from PRE to POST, decrease from POST to 6MO, and no significant difference (all voxels with P > 0.001) from PRE to 6MO. Of multiple CV risk factors evaluated, only elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP, P = 0.001), chronic renal insufficiency (CRI, P = 0.026), and history of prior stroke (CVA, P < 0.001) predicted lower increases in CBF PRE to POST. Over POST to 6MO, obesity predicted lower (P > 0.001) and cholesterol greater CBF decrease (P > 0.001).Data ConclusionThe CV risk factors of higher SBP, CRI, CVA, BMI, and cholesterol may indicate altered CR, and may warrant different stroke risk mitigation and special consideration for CBF change evaluation.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 5J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:734–747.
Characterization of juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia as an entity of odontogenic origin
Authors: Lafuente‐Ibáñez de Mendoza Irene , Alberdi‐Navarro Javier , Marichalar‐Mendia Xabier , Mosqueda‐Taylor Adalberto , Aguirre‐Urizar Jose Manuel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundJuvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia (JSGH) is a distinct clinicopathological entity of the buccal gingiva of young patients which has been related to several factors such as plaque formation, hormonal modifications, and viral infections; however, its true etiopathogenesis remains unsolved. Several immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated the similarity between the junctional epithelium (JE) and the hyperplasic epithelium of JSGH. The objective of this study is to analyze the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of JSGH to explain its origin.MethodsClinicopathlogical data of 10 cases of JSGH (five men and five women) with a mean age of 13 years (range: 9 to 17 years) were collected. CK7, CK14, CK19, CD3, CD20, S100, and Ki‐67 antibodies were used for comparative immunohistochemical study.ResultsAll the lesions showed hyperplasic epithelium in its central portion, exhibiting marked spongiosis, vascular proliferation, and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate on the subepithelial connective tissue. CK19 was positive in the whole hyperplasic epithelium of JSGH and the basal layer of the marginal gingiva, while expression of CK14 was present in all epithelial layers of both the JSGH and that of the marginal gingiva. The subepithelial inflammatory infiltrate has a larger amount of CD20 positive cells.ConclusionJSGH is a reactive tumor of the gingiva that may have an odontogenic etiology, whose origin seems to be the remnants of JE.
A DFT study on graphene‐based surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy of Benzenedithiol adsorbed on gold/graphene
Authors: You Ting‐Ting , Yang Nan , Shu Ying‐Qi , Yin Peng‐Gang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, a detailed analysis on the surface‐enhanced Raman scattering of 1,4‐Benzenedithiol adsorbed on gold/graphene cluster is presented by density functional theory calculations. Results indicate that changing graphene type including perfect graphene, monovacancy graphene, B/N‐doped grapheme, and graphene oxide enables modulation of interaction between molecule, gold, and graphene cluster. Calculated Raman spectra of surface complexes are discussed considering chemical enhancement for graphene‐based surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study, which shows dependence on graphene types, which is related to several influence factors from electronic structure to excitation properties.
Characterization of volatile organic compounds as potential aging markers in Chinese rice wine using multivariable statistics
Authors: Wang Na , Chen Shuang , Zhou Zhemin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is a close relationship between certain ‘aging markers’ in wine and the wine's age. This study aimed to characterize all extracted aging markers in Chinese rice wine and distinguish the ages of Chinese rice wine using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA).RESULTSA total of 49 potential aging markers (P ≤ 0.05*) were extracted from 71 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Chinese rice wine across a range of seven different ages. Of all 49 extracted aging markers, all furans, 2/3 aldehydes and ketones maintained significantly increasing levels with age (P ≤ 0.01**), especially sotolon (0.981**) and acetophenone (0.951**). On the other hand, all sulfides decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.01**). Changes in vanillin, guaiacol, 4‐vinylguaiacol (4‐VG) and 4‐ethylguaiacol (4‐EG) also suggested a potential synthesis during the aging process. The results of PCA and CA demonstrated that Chinese rice wines with different ages could be clearly distinguished from each other, which was consistent with the evolution of the 49 aging markers during the aging process.CONCLUSIONThese 49 potential ‘aging markers’ successfully distinguished ages using PCA and CA. Our results therefore throw light on the characterization of VOCs during Chinese rice wine aging, and provide a quantitative basis for discriminating the ages of Chinese rice wine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Dietary intake assessment of macro, trace, and toxic elements via consumption of kimchi in South Korea
Authors: Hwang In Min , Yang Ji‐Su , Jung Ji‐Hye , Lee Hae‐Won , Lee Hee Min , Seo Hye‐Young , Khan Naeem , Jamila Nargis , Kim Kyong Su , Kim Sung Hyun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDKimchi, a Korean food, is now produced and consumed in many other countries. In this study, the macro, trace, and toxic element content in varieties of kimchi from Korea and China was evaluated. A health‐risk assessment, involving the calculation of estimated dietary intake values, was undertaken. To discriminate among samples with different origins, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were applied.RESULTSThe analytical methods used for analyses were successfully validated. In the quantification of elements, no significant differences were detected in the concentrations of the elements that were analyzed. Based on the fresh weight of kimchi, among the macro elements, the concentrations of Na and K were relatively high, with values of 4181.9–9919.8 mg kg−1 and 1661.8–6623.5 mg kg−1, respectively. Among the trace elements that were analyzed, zinc in Korean samples, and strontium in Chinese samples showed the highest concentrations, at 2.67 and 2.98 mg kg−1, respectively. Concentration levels of the toxic trace elements were within permissible limits. The amount of daily intake and provisional daily intake of each element calculated based on kimchi intake confirmed its safety for consumption. Linear discriminant analysis and PCA successfully discriminated among the samples of Chinese and Korean origin.CONCLUSIONThe provisional daily intake of the toxic elements was within provisional tolerable daily intake values. The normal intake of kimchi could not pose a threat upon consumption. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Risk factors for anastomotic leak after esophagectomy for cancer: A NSQIP procedure‐targeted analysis
Authors: Hall Bradley R. , Flores Laura E. , Parshall Zachary S. , Shostrom Valerie K. , Are Chandrakanth , Reames Bradley N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundAnastomotic leak is the most common major complication after esophagectomy. We investigated the 2016 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program esophagectomy targeted database to identify risk factors for anastomotic leak.MethodsPatients who underwent esophagectomy for cancer were included. Patients experiencing an anstomotic leak were identified, and univariate and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify variables independently associated with anastomotic leak.ResultsOf 915 patients included, 83% were male and the median age was 64 years. Patients with anastomotic leak more frequently had additional complications (87% vs 36%, P < .001). Rates of reoperation (64% vs 11%, P < .001) and mortality (8% vs 2%, P = .001) were higher in patients with anastomotic leak. After adjusting for patient and procedure characteristics, prolonged operative time (for each additional 30‐minutes; adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 1.068, 95% CI, 1.022‐1.115, P = .003), increased preoperative WBC count (for each 3000/µL increase; AOR 1.323, 95% CI, 1.048‐1.670, P = .019), pre‐existing diabetes (AOR 1.601, 95% CI, 1.012‐2.534, P = .045), and perioperative transfusion (AOR 1.777, 95% CI, 1.064‐2.965, P = .028) were independently associated with anastomotic leak.ConclusionBoth patient and procedure‐related factors are associated with anastomotic leak. Though frequently non‐modifiable, these findings could facilitate risk stratification and early detection of anastomotic leak to reduce associated morbidity.
Intracochlear Pressure Changes After Cochlea Implant Electrode Pullback—Reduction of Intracochlear Trauma
Authors: Lauer Gina , Uçta Julica , Decker Lars , Ernst Arneborg , Mittmann Philipp 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveDifferent aspects should be considered to achieve an atraumatic insertion of cochlear implant electrode arrays as an important surgical goal. Intracochlear pressure changes are known to influence the preservation of residual hearing. By using the intraoperative “pullback technique,” an electrode position closer to the modiolus can be achieved than without the pullback. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate to what extent the pullback technique can influence intracochlear pressure changes.MethodsInsertions of cochlear implant electrodes were performed in an artificial cochlear model with two different perimodiolar arrays. Intracochlear pressure changes were recorded with a micro‐optical pressure sensor positioned in the apical part of the cochlear. After complete insertion of the electrode array, a so‐called pullback of the electrode was performed.ResultsStatistically significant pressure differences were measured if the electrode array was wet (ie, moisturized) during the pullback. Relative pressure changes in electrodes with smaller total volume are lower than pressure changes in larger electrodes.ConclusionThe preservation of residual hearing and, thus, the resulting postoperative audiological outcome has a major impact on the quality of life of the patients and has become of utmost importance. Intracochlear pressure changes during the pullback manoeuver are small in absolute terms, but can even be still reduced statistically significantly by a moistening the electrode before insertion. Using the pullback technique in cases with residual hearing does not affect the probability of preservation of residual hearing but could lead to a better audiological outcome.Level of EvidenceNA