bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of antimicrobial peptides contributes to aging through cytotoxic effects in Drosophila tissues
Authors: Badinloo Marziyeh , Nguyen Elizabeth , Suh Winston , Alzahrani Faisal , Castellanos Jovelyn , Klichko Vladimir I. , Orr William C. , Radyuk Svetlana N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe innate immune response tends to become hyperactive and proinflammatory in older organisms. We investigated connections between activity of the immune‐related genes and aging using the Drosophila model. A hallmark of Drosophila immunity is the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMP), whose expression is triggered via activation of the Toll and Imd immune pathways and regulated by NF‐ĸB‐like transcription factors, Dif/Dorsal and Relish. It was previously shown that overexpression of the upstream component of the immune pathways shortens lifespan via activation of the Relish‐dependent immune response. Here we show that direct overexpression of the Relish target AMP genes broadly at high levels or in the fat body induced apoptosis, elicited depolarization of the mitochondria and significantly shortened lifespan. Underexpression of Relish in the fat body beginning in the second half of lifespan prevented overactivation of AMPs and extended longevity. Unlike infection‐induced responses, the age‐related increase in AMPs does not require the upstream recognition/transduction module of the Imd pathway. It does however require downstream elements, including Relish and Ird5, a component of the downstream IKK complex. Together, these results established causal links between high‐level production of antimicrobial peptides and longevity.
Highly Enantioselective, Base‐Free Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Succinimides through Catalytic Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation
Authors: Song Tao , Arseniyadis Stellios , Cossy Janine 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of diversely substituted five‐membered ring succinimide derivatives is reported featuring a direct, base‐free, palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation. The method allows a straightforward access to the desired heterocyclic scaffold bearing an all‐carbon α‐quaternary stereogenic center in high yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities. To further demonstrate the synthetic utility of the method, the allylated products were further converted to various versatile chiral building blocks, including a chiral pyrrolidine and a spirocyclic derivative, using selective transformations.
Investigating Protein–Ligand Interactions by Solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Authors: Becker Walter , Bhattiprolu Krishna Chaitanya , Gubensäk Nina , Zangger Klaus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Klaus Zangger at the University of Graz. The image shows the combination of protein‐based and ligand‐based methods in order to study protein–ligand interactions by solution NMR spectroscopy. Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cphc.201701253.
Modified maxillary reconstruction technique for Brown's class III defects by subdividing a rhomboid shaped iliac crest into 2 subunits
Authors: Ong Hui Shan , Yu Miao , Liu Jian Nan , Gil Carlos Salcedo , Wan Kenneth , Zhang Chen Ping , Xu Li Qun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundMen and women share a common maxillary morphology with heterogeneity in size. This indicated that our technique of reconstruction with a rhomboid‐shaped iliac crest bone flap incorporating a 30° vertical wedge osteotomy may be widely used for Brown's class III maxillectomy defect reconstruction among a population with class I skeletal profile. The reconstruction of Brown's class III maxillary defects is extremely challenging. The purpose of this study was to closely study the maxilla geometrically in order to establish a standardized maneuver, which facilitates conversion of the iliac bone flap into a natural maxilla's contours.MethodsWe evaluated the geometries of 40 adult maxillas. The perimeter lengths of perinasal and infraorbital subunits were analyzed, in addition to the intersecting angle (δ) of both subunits. Sex variation was evaluated using the Student's t test.ResultsIn the 80 studied unilateral maxillas (40 maxillas from 18 men and 22 women), there were no significant sex differences for δ (P = .1527). In addition, both sexes shared common morphological features, hence, in surgical reconstruction, the δ can be constantly set at 150°. Perimeter of bone segments had a greater intersubject variability (coefficient of variation [CV] of approximately 4.5‐11). From both cadaveric dissections and clinical applications, our results have shown that our standard maneuver was reproducible and reliable in reestablishing natural facial contours.ConclusionOur standard maneuver can serve as a universal guideline, with individualized perimeter manipulations, to yield an aesthetically natural and functional outcome.
Low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with HIV
Authors: Manamela Portia K. , Kgomo Koena A. , van Gelderen Cyril J. , Lekha Anushka R. , Michelow Pamela , van den Berg Eunice J. , Adam Yasmin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess whether women with HIV who had low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) on cytology had cervical disease.MethodsThe present retrospective cross‐sectional study included data from women with LSIL who attended a tertiary hospital in South Africa between April 1, 2003, and December 31, 2013. Patient information was extracted from a colposcopy database.ResultsThe study included 652 patients. The median age was 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31–42 years; range 18–66 years) and the median parity was three (IQR 2–5; range 0–10). In all, 266 (40.8%) women had a histology result of HPV or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 1 (CIN1); 386 (59.2%) had a histology result of CIN2 or higher. The median cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count was 275.00 cells/mm3 (IQR 173.50–434.00 cells/mm3; range 2–1211 cells/mm3). A total of 312 (47.9%) women were using antiretroviral therapy. Use of antiretroviral therapy (unadjusted odds ratio 0.57; P=0.001) and a CD4 count of at least 200 cells/mm3 (unadjusted odds ratio 0.81; P=0.002) were associated with a histology result of HPV or CIN1.ConclusionMost of the women with a cytology report of LSIL had CIN2 or higher, suggesting that the practice of referral for colposcopy should continue.
SYSTEMS SCIENCES AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING RESEARCH NEEDS
Authors: Verma Dinesh , Miller William 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTThe Systems Engineering Research Center (SERC) Pathfinder project in collaboration with INCOSE identified systems engineering research and workforce development needs. The results indicate five broad areas of systems engineering research needs in order of emphasis: mission engineering; agile development and engineering at the scale of the enterprise; model‐based systems engineering; modeling and assessing system trust, security, and resilience; and development of pragmatic methods to deal with and to leverage increasing complexity and analytics, and leveraging machine learning for this purpose. Within INCOSE, the survey of Fellows worldwide emphasizes model‐based systems engineering along with more general systems engineering modeling and measures. For both SERC and INCOSE, the results will guide priorities over the next two to five years.
MicroRNA‐29a regulates neural stem cell neuronal differentiation by targeting PTEN
Authors: Shi Zhongju , Zhou Hengxing , Lu Lu , Pan Bin , Wei Zhijian , Liu Jun , Li Jiahe , Yuan Shiyang , Kang Yi , Liu Lu , Yao Xue , Kong Xiaohong , Feng Shiqing 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSCs) are self‐renewing, pluripotent, and undifferentiated cells which have benefits as candidates for central nervous system (CNS) injury. However, the transplanted NSCs usually maintain their undifferentiated characteristics, or differentiated potentially along the glial lineage after transplantation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non‐coding RNAs that play key roles in cell differentiation. However, it is unknown whether miR‐29a could play a role in the process of NSC's differentiation. Primary NSCs were derived from rat embryonic cortex. Lentiviral vector‐mediated miR‐29a (LV‐miR‐29a) and negative control (LV‐null) were infected into NSCs. Quantitative real‐time PCR was used to detect expression of miR‐29a and PTEN. Immunocytochemistry was used to stain neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Dual luciferase assay to study the interaction between miR‐29a and PTEN. The current study showed that the expression of miR‐29a was upregulated during NSC differentiation, while the expression of PTEN was downregulated during NSC differentiation. After infection with LV‐miR‐29a, MAP‐2‐positive neurons significantly increased, and GFAP‐positive astrocytes significantly decreased. Furthermore, we demonstrated that PTEN is a molecular target of miR‐29a. miR‐29a promote the neuronal differentiation and decrease the astrocytes differentiation of NSCs via targeting PTEN. This may give insight into a novel mechanism of NSC differentiation and provide a promising therapeutic target.
Significance of Notch and Wnt signaling for chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells HCT116
Authors: Kukcinaviciute Egle , Jonusiene Violeta , Sasnauskiene Ausra , Dabkeviciene Daiva , Eidenaite Eigile , Laurinavicius Arvydas 
Published: April 2018

Abstract5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and oxaliplatin (OxaPt) are the main chemotherapeutics for colorectal cancer (CRC). Chemotherapy response rates for advanced CRC remain low, primarily due to intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance. The importance of Notch and Wnt signaling for carcinogenesis of CRC as well as crosstalk of Notch and Wnt signaling with many oncogenic signaling pathways suggest that Notch and Wnt pathways could be responsible for chemoresistance. In this study, we compared changes in Notch and Wnt signaling after 5‐FU and OxaPt treatment in CRC cells HCT116 and its chemoresistant sublines HCT116/FU and HCT116/OXA. The levels of Notch1 receptor intracellular domain NICD1 and non‐phosphorylated β‐catenin, the reporters of Notch and Wnt signaling, were upregulated in untreated chemoresistant HCT116/FU and HCT116/OXA cells. Our data suggest that Notch inhibitor RO4929097 (RO) and Wnt inhibitor XAV939 (XAV) enhance the survival potential of OxaPt‐treated cells. The protein level of Notch target gene HES1 was significantly upregulated in chemoresistant HCT116/FU and HCT116/OXA cells, compared to HCT116. HES1 silencing increased viability of HCT116 and its chemoresistant sublines after 5‐FU or OxaPt treatment. The results of HES1 downregulation coincide with RO and XAV effects on cell viability of OxaPt‐treated cells.
A preliminary study of growth characteristics of melanocytes co‐cultured with keratinocytes in vitro
Authors: Zhang Chengzhong , Zhou Le , Huang Jie , Mei Xingyu , Wu Zhouwei , Shi Weimin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo clarify the characteristic growth of melanocytes (MCs) and Keratinocytes (KCs) in vitro and discuss the mechanism of culturing autologous melanocytes in the treatment of vitiligo. Epidermis cells derived from normal skin tissues were isolated and cultured in vitro. Melanocytes in DOPA staining were observed. The expression level of markers in MCs was detected by qRT‐PCR and the percentage of MCs and KCs were detected by flow cytometry. Cells derived from normal skin tissues mainly included KCs, MCs, and fibroblasts. There were significant differences between the percentage of KC, MC, fibroblasts (P < 0.05), and the expression of Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (P < 0.05) and Tyrosinase‐related protein‐2 (P < 0.05) in the second, 10th, 20th, and 30th day. Significant differences were also found between the average numbers of MC stained by DOPA (P < 0.05) and the average percentage of MCs in the 10th, 20th, and 30th Day (P < 0.05). But there were no significant differences between the average percentage of KCs in the 10th, 20th, and 30th Day (P > 0.05) detected by flow cytometry. The number of MCs co‐cultured with KCs in vitro reached the maximum in the 20th Day and this co‐cultured model may contribute to the growth of MCs which could be used in the treatment of vitiligo.
Perceived supervisor remorse, abusive supervision, and LMX
Authors: Haggard Dana L. , Park Hee Man 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAbusive supervision is defined by hurtful behaviors and is associated with many negative outcomes. This has made it easy for researchers to overlook the possibility that some supervisors regret their bad behavior and express remorse for their actions. Hence, we know little about how subordinates react to the perception that their supervisor is remorseful and how this perception affects the relationship or other organizational outcomes. We address this possibility by developing a measure of victim perceptions of supervisor remorse (PSR) and examining the consequences PSR might have on complicated supervisor–subordinate relationships. Drawing on the remorse and justice literatures, we maintain that PSR will mitigate the detrimental effects of abusive supervision on various subordinate outcomes. Collective results from 2 multiple‐wave studies indicate that PSR reduces the indirect effects of abusive supervision on turnover intentions and organization‐based self‐esteem (OBSE). This indirect effect operates through leader–member exchange and interactional justice. PSR is also shown to have direct effects on OBSE and subordinates' resistance. Our research contributes to abusive supervision literature by showing the possibility of supervisors regretting their hostile behavior and the importance of PSR's role in decreasing detrimental effects of abusive supervision.
Reversibly Redox‐Switchable Anionic Surfactant Contains Two Selenium Atoms
Authors: Lv Xiangliang , Liu Lian , Liu Xuefeng , Ge Zan , Zhong Kai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTo better control the interfacial activities of selenium‐containing surfactants, a redox‐switchable anionic surfactant containing 2 selenium atoms, namely sodium 3‐((3‐(benzylselanyl)propyl)selanyl)propyl sulfate (SBSe2S), has been designed and synthesized. Upon oxidation by H2O2, the 2 divalent selenide groups in the hydrophobic tail of SBSe2S are converted into the corresponding selenoxides. The initial hydrophobic tail of SBSe2S gets separated into 3 segments by 2 hydrophilic selenoxide groups, destroying the bola‐type structure. The interfacial activities of SBSe2S in aqueous solution could thereby be switched off to a greater degree than in the case of its counterparts containing only a single selenium atom. After reduction with Na2SO3, the 2 selenoxide groups in SBSe2S‐Ox are restored to the initial selenide. Consequently, the interfacial activities of SBSe2S could be reversibly switched by alternate addition of H2O2 and Na2SO3, without obvious deterioration over 5 cycles.
Seasonal effects of food quality and temperature on body stoichiometry, biochemistry, and biomass production in Daphnia populations
Authors: Prater Clay , Wagner Nicole D. , Frost Paul C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFood quality and temperature can affect zooplankton production in lakes by altering organismal metabolism. However, the influence of these factors on consumer nutritional physiology and population biomass remains relatively understudied in natural populations. Here, we examined seasonal changes in body stoichiometry, biochemistry, and population biomass in two Daphnia species collected from two separate lakes differing in dietary phosphorus (P) supply. Food quality, measured as seston carbon:P (C:P) ratios, varied throughout the study in each lake, and water temperatures generally increased across the growing season. Daphnid elemental composition was correlated with food quality in both populations, but relationships between daphnid body stoichiometry and temperature were consistently stronger as Daphnia body C:P ratios and content of major biochemical pools declined simultaneously throughout the summer, which largely coincided with increased water temperatures. Warmer temperatures were associated with relaxed %P‐RNA coupling as daphnid body RNA content declined and P content remained relatively high. These responses combined with temperature related decreases in Daphnia body %lipids and %C appeared to explain declines in daphnid body C:P ratios in both lakes over the growing season. Seasonal changes in population biomass were related to both food quality and water temperature in the lower nutrient lake. Biomass production under more eutrophic conditions however was unrelated to food quality and was instead associated with seasonal temperature changes in the higher nutrient lake. Overall, our study shows that seasonal changes in temperature and resource quality may differentially affect consumer stoichiometry and biomass production in lake ecosystems by altering consumer elemental metabolism.
Population Characteristics of Shovelnose Sturgeon During Low- and High-Water Conditions in the Lower Platte River, Nebraska
Authors: Hammen Jeremy J. , Hamel Martin J. , Rugg Matthew L. , Peters Edward J. , Pegg Mark A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Cycles of low- and high-water periods (i.e., years) in river systems are natural occurrences, but a clear understanding of how cyclical climatological patterns affect fishes, especially long-lived species, is lacking. We compared Shovelnose Sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus population dynamics between a low-water period (2001–2004) and a high-water period (2009–2012) in the lower Platte River, Nebraska. Low-flow periods in the lower Platte River can cause disconnections between upstream and downstream reaches, resulting in isolated pools and elevated water temperatures that create stressful situations for aquatic life and potentially lead to mortality. Our data showed no measurable differences in key population indices between flow condition periods, which is consistent with current paradigms for long-lived fish species. Shovelnose Sturgeon relative weights were generally greater than 80 during both low- and high-water periods, and size structure did not differ between the two periods. Shovelnose Sturgeon abundances, however, were significantly greater during high-water conditions compared to low-water conditions. Shovelnose Sturgeon may have migrated to more suitable habitats during low-water periods to seek refuge, later returning after conditions improved. Shovelnose Sturgeon and other riverine fishes have evolved in a variable environment and have been able to endure relatively minor anthropogenic changes within the lower Platte River. Rivers like the lower Platte River that have retained much of their original physical features and flow regimes are likely key components for the resistance and resilience of riverine species. However, as alterations to landscapes continue, and given the uncertainty surrounding future climate predictions, it is unknown how these riverine species will be able to adapt to future changes. Reducing anthropogenic changes that disrupt flow regimes and increasing connectivity among river systems could provide greater amounts of refuge for fish during stressful conditions, thus helping to protect these riverine species.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Using Time-Lapse Cameras to Assess Angling Use: An Example from a High-Use Metropolitan Reservoir in Arizona
Authors: Stahr Kristopher J. , Knudsen Rebecca L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Creel surveys are the most common angler use survey used by fisheries managers but can be time intensive and expensive to conduct. Time-lapse cameras have been evaluated as a cost-efficient alternative to creel surveys on small lakes, streams, and nearshore marine systems but have yet to be evaluated on a reservoir. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using time-lapse cameras to assess angling use on a high-use reservoir and provide methodology for use by fisheries managers. One time-lapse trail camera was installed at a heavily used boat ramp at Lake Pleasant, a large reservoir located near Phoenix, Arizona, from December 2015 to May 2016. A single observer counted fishing and recreational boats and tracked individual fishing boat trips using a randomized schedule. Camera data were first validated against creel counts conducted in person, and subsequent corrected counts were used to estimate both angling and boating use for the study period. Camera counts were easily corrected using the validation approach and were more cost effective than traditional creel survey methods. Overall, we found that time-lapse cameras can efficiently and accurately collect angler use data on a high-use reservoir and thus provide a useful alternative to stand-alone creel surveys.
Creel surveys are the most common angler use survey used by fisheries managers but can be time intensive and expensive to conduct. Time-lapse cameras have been evaluated as a cost-efficient alternative to creel surveys on small lakes, streams, and nearshore marine systems but have yet to be evaluated on a reservoir. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of using time-lapse cameras to assess angling use on a high-use reservoir and provide methodology for use by fisheries managers. One time-lapse trail camera was installed at a heavily used boat ramp at Lake Pleasant, a large reservoir located near Phoenix, Arizona, from December 2015 to May 2016. A single observer counted fishing and recreational boats and tracked individual fishing boat trips using a randomized schedule. Camera data were first validated against creel counts conducted in person, and subsequent corrected counts were used to estimate both angling and boating use for the study period. Camera counts were easily corrected using the validation approach and were more cost effective than traditional creel survey methods. Overall, we found that time-lapse cameras can efficiently and accurately collect angler use data on a high-use reservoir and thus provide a useful alternative to stand-alone creel surveys.
Efficacy of Using Data from Angler-Caught Burbot to Estimate Population Rate Functions
Authors: Brauer Tucker A. , Rhea Darren T. , Walrath John D. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The effective management of a fish population depends on the collection of accurate demographic data from that population. Since demographic data are often expensive and difficult to obtain, developing cost-effective and efficient collection methods is a high priority. This research evaluates the efficacy of using angler-supplied data to monitor a nonnative population of Burbot Lota lota. Age and growth estimates were compared between Burbot collected by anglers and those collected in trammel nets from two Wyoming reservoirs. Collection methods produced different length-frequency distributions, but no difference was observed in age-frequency distributions. Mean back-calculated lengths at age revealed that netted Burbot grew faster than angled Burbot in Fontenelle Reservoir. In contrast, angled Burbot grew slightly faster than netted Burbot in Flaming Gorge Reservoir. Von Bertalanffy growth models differed between collection methods, but differences in parameter estimates were minor. Estimates of total annual mortality (A) of Burbot in Fontenelle Reservoir were comparable between angled (A = 35.4%) and netted fish (33.9%); similar results were observed in Flaming Gorge Reservoir for angled (29.3%) and netted fish (30.5%). Beverton–Holt yield-per-recruit models were fit using data from both collection methods. Estimated yield differed by less than 15% between data sources and reservoir. Spawning potential ratios indicated that an exploitation rate of 20% would be required to induce recruitment overfishing in either reservoir, regardless of data source. Results of this study suggest that angler-supplied data are useful for monitoring Burbot population dynamics in Wyoming and may be an option to efficiently monitor other fish populations in North America.