bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Low-Cost Obstetric Hemorrhage Simulation Training Models for Resident Education
Authors: Ramseyer Abigail M , Lutgendorf Monica A 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Simulation is beneficial training for low frequency high acuity events such as management of obstetric hemorrhage. Our objective was to evaluate perceived competency in management of obstetric and pelvic hemorrhage following training with low fidelity task trainers using inexpensive and common medical supplies.

Materials and Methods
This was a prospective observational study of training residents for management of obstetric and pelvic hemorrhage using a brief didactic instruction and low-cost task trainers with inexpensive common medical supplies. Participants practiced placement of a uterine tamponade balloon, uterine packing with gauze, pelvic parachute packing and temporary abdominal closure. Following training, participants completed a self-report survey regarding perceived competency with each technique. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to compare results before and after training.

Results
Eighteen of 23 residents completed the training and completed the survey on perceived competencies. There was a statistically significant improvement in perceived competency for all participants before and after training, with scores improving by 1.5 points for Bakri placement, from 1.94 to 3.44 (p &lt; 0.001), improving by 1.67 points for uterine packing, from 1.78 to 3.44 (p &lt; 0.001), improving by 1.95 for pelvic parachute packing, from 1.16 to 3.11 (p &lt; 0.001), and improving by 1.89 for temporary abdominal closure, from 1.22 to 3.11 (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
Low-cost supplies and task trainers can be utilized to simulate postpartum hemorrhage and improve perceived competency in managing obstetric and pelvic hemorrhage. Similar training programs can be used in small community programs with limited resources.
A search for gravitationally lensed quasars and quasar pairs in Pan-STARRS1: spectroscopy and sources of shear in the diamond 2M1134−2103
Authors: Rusu Cristian E , Berghea Ciprian T , Fassnacht Christopher D , More Anupreeta , Seman Erica , Nelson George J , Chen Geoff C-F 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present results of a systematic search for gravitationally lensed quasars in Pan-STARRS1. Our final sample of candidates comprises of 91 systems, not including 25 rediscovered lensed quasars and quasar pairs. In the absence of spectroscopy to verify the lensing nature of the candidates, the main sources of contaminants are likely to be quasar pairs, which we consider to be a byproduct of our work, and a smaller number of quasar + star associations. Among the independently discovered quads is 2M1134−2103, for which we obtained spectroscopy for the first time, finding a redshift of 2.77 for the quasar. There is evidence for microlensing in at least one image. We perform detailed mass modelling of this system using archival imaging data, and find that the unusually large shear responsible for the diamond-like configuration can be attributed mainly to a faint companion ∼4 arcsec away, and to a galaxy group/cluster ∼30 arcsec away. We also set limits of z ∼ 0.5–1.5 on the redshift of the lensing galaxy, based on its brightness, the image separation of the lensed images, and an analysis of the observed photometric flux ratios.
Exploring the nature and synchronicity of early cluster formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud – IV. Evidence for multiple populations in Hodge 11 and NGC 2210
Authors: Gilligan Christina K , Chaboyer Brian , Cummings Jeffrey D , Mackey Dougal , Cohen Roger E , Geisler Douglas , Grocholski Aaron J , Parisi M C , Sarajedini Ata , Ventura Paolo , Villanova Sandro , Yang Soung-Chul , Wagner-Kaiser Rachel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We present a multiple population search in two old Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) Globular clusters, Hodge 11 and NGC 2210. This work uses data from the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope from programme GO-14164 in Cycle 23. Both of these clusters exhibit a broadened main sequence with the second population representing (20 ± ∼5) per cent for NGC 2210 and (30 ± ∼5) per cent for Hodge 11. In both clusters, the smaller population is redder than the primary population, suggesting CNO variations. Hodge 11 also displays a bluer second population in the horizontal branch, which is evidence for helium enhancement. However, even though NGC 2210 shows similarities to Hodge 11 in the main sequence, there does not appear to be a second population on NGC 2210’s horizontal branch. This is the first photometric evidence that ancient LMC Globular clusters exhibit multiple stellar populations.
Tracing magnetic field with synchrotron polarization gradients: parameter study
Authors: Zhang Jian-Fu , Lazarian Alex , Ho Ka Wai , Yuen Ka Ho , Yang Bo , Hu Yue 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
We employ synthetic observations obtained with magnetohydrodynamic simulations to study how to trace the distribution of turbulent magnetic fields using the synchrotron polarization gradient techniques suggested by Lazarian & Yuen. Both synchrotron polarization gradients and its derivative gradients with regard to the squared wavelength λ2 are used to explore the probing ability of the technique in magnetic fields from sub- to super-Alfvénic turbulence. We focus on studies that involve multifrequency measurements in the presence of strong Faraday rotation and show the ways of how to recover the projected mean magnetic fields in the plane of the sky and the local magnetic fields within a tomographic slice. We conclude that the new techniques can successfully reconstruct the 3D magnetic field within our Milky Way and other galaxies. This paper opens an avenue for applying our new techniques to a large number of data cubes such as those from the Low-Frequency Array for radio astronomy and the Square Kilometre Array.
The age and metallicity dependence of the near-infrared magnitudes of red clump stars
Authors: Onozato Hiroki , Ita Yoshifusa , Nakada Yoshikazu , Nishiyama Shogo 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Red clump (RC) stars are widely used as an excellent standard candle. To make them even better, it is important to know the dependence of their absolute magnitudes on age and metallicity. We observed star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud to fill age and metallicity parameter space, which previous work has not observationally studied. We obtained the empirical relations of the age and metallicity dependence of absolute magnitudes MJ, MH, and $M_{K_{S}}$, and colours J − H, J − KS, and H − KS of RC stars, although the coefficients have large errors. Mean near-infrared magnitudes of the RC stars in the clusters show relatively strong dependence on age for young RC stars. The J − KS and H − KS colours show the nearly constant values of 0.528 ± 0.015 and 0.047 ± 0.011, respectively, at least within the ages of 1.1–3.2 Gyr and [Fe/H] of −0.90 to −0.40 dex. We also confirmed that the population effects of observational data are in good agreement with the model prediction.
X-ray properties of two transient ULX candidates in galaxy NGC 7090
Authors: Liu Zhu , O’Brien P T , Osborne J P , Evans P A , Page K L 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We report the X-ray data analysis of two transient ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs; hereafter X1 and X2) located in the nearby galaxy NGC 7090. While they were not detected in the 2004 XMM–Newton and 2005 Chandra observations, their 0.3–10 keV X-ray luminosities reached &gt;3 × 1039 erg s−1in later XMM–Newton or Swift observations, showing increases in flux by a factor of &gt;80 and &gt;300 for X1 and X2, respectively. X1 showed indications of spectral variability: at the highest luminosity, its X-ray spectra can be fitted with a power law (Γ = 1.55 ± 0.15), or a multicolour disc model with $T_{\mathrm{in}}=2.07^{+0.30}_{-0.23}$ keV; the X-ray spectrum became softer ($\Gamma =2.67^{+0.69}_{-0.64}$), or cooler ($T_\mathrm{in}=0.64^{+0.28}_{-0.17}$ keV) at lower luminosity. No strong evidence for spectral variability was found for X2. Its X-ray spectra can be fitted with a simple power-law model ($\Gamma =1.61^{+0.55}_{-0.50}$), or a multicolour disc model ($1.69^{+1.17}_{-0.48}$ keV). A possible optical counterpart for X1 is revealed in HST imaging. No optical variability is found, indicating that the optical radiation may be dominated by the companion star. Future X-ray and optical observations are necessary to determine the true nature of the compact object.
Bok globule CB 17: polarization, extinction and distance
Authors: Choudhury G B , Barman A , Das H S , Medhi B J 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In this article, the results obtained from a polarimetric study of Bok globule CB 17 in both optical and submillimetre wavelengths are presented. Optical polarimetric observations in the R band (λ = 630 nm, Δλ = 120 nm) were conducted with the 1.04-m Sampurnanand Telescope, Aryabhatta Research Institute of observational sciencES (ARIES), in Nainital, India on 2016 March 9, while submillimetre polarimetric data are taken from the Submillimetre Common-User bolometer array POLarimeter (SCUPOL) data archive, which has been reanalysed. The contours of Herschel1 Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) 500-μm dust continuum emission of CB 17 (typically a cometary-shaped globule) are overlaid on the Digital Sky Survey (DSS) image of CB 17 along with polarization vectors (optical and submm). The magnetic field strength at the core of the globule is estimated to be 99 μG. Using near-infrared photometric technique and Gaia data, the distance to CB 17 is found to be 253 ± 43 pc. The correlation between the various quantities of the globule is also studied. It is observed that the magnetic field in the cloud core as revealed by polarization measurements of the submillimetre dust emission is found to be almost aligned along the minor axis of the globule, which fits the magnetically regulated star formation model. A misalignment between core-scale magnetic field direction and molecular outflow direction is also found.
Inequality: A hidden cost of market power
Authors: Ennis Sean F , Gonzaga Pedro , Pike Chris 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper explores the impact of competition on inequality by developing a new model to illustrate how higher profits from market power, and associated higher prices, could influence the distribution of wealth and income. We analyse data from eight OECD countries—Canada, France, Germany, Korea, Japan, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. In an average country in the sample, market power increases the wealth of the richest 10 per cent by between 12 and 21 per cent for a range of reasonable assumptions about savings behaviour, while it reduces the income of the poorest 20 per cent by 11 per cent or more. The results contribute to the economic literature on the origins of inequality, suggesting that lack of competition may be one source of economic inequality.
The Ricci pinching functional on solvmanifolds
Authors: Lauret Jorge , Will Cynthia E 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe study the natural functional $F=\frac {\operatorname {scal}^2}{|\operatorname {Ric}|^2}$ on the space of all non-flat left-invariant metrics on all solvable Lie groups of a given dimension $n$. As an application of properties of the beta operator, we obtain that solvsolitons are the only global maxima of $F$ restricted to the set of all left-invariant metrics on a given unimodular solvable Lie group, and beyond the unimodular case, we obtain the same result for almost-abelian Lie groups. Many other aspects of the behavior of $F$ are clarified.
A framework for coordination center responsibilities and performance in a multi-site, transdisciplinary public health research initiative
Authors: Hohl Sarah D , Knerr Sarah , Thompson Beti 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Funding bodies in the USA and abroad are increasingly investing in transdisciplinary research, i.e. research conducted by investigators from different disciplines who work to create novel theoretical, methodological, and translational innovations to address a common problem. Transdisciplinary research presents additional logistical and administrative burdens, yet few models of successful coordination have been proposed or substantiated, nor have performance outcomes or indicators been established for transdisciplinary coordination. This work uses the NIH-funded Transdisciplinary Research on Energetics and Cancer (TREC) Centers Initiative as a case study to put forward a working framework of transdisciplinary research coordination center (CC) responsibilities and performance indicators. We developed the framework using a sequential mixed methods study design. TREC CC functions and performance indicators were identified through key-informant interviews with CC personnel and then refined through a survey of TREC research center and funding agency investigators and staff. The framework included 23 TREC CC responsibilities that comprised five functional areas: leadership and administration, data and bioinformatics, developmental projects, education and training, and integration and self-evaluation, 10 performance outcomes and 26 corresponding performance indicators for transdisciplinary CCs. Findings revealed high levels of agreement about CC responsibilities and performance metrics across CC members and constituents. The success of multi-site, transdisciplinary research depends on effective research coordination. The functions identified in this study help clarify essential responsibilities of transdisciplinary research CCs and indicators of success of those transdisciplinary CCs. Our framework adds new dimensions to the notion of identifying and assessing CC activities that may foster transdisciplinarity.
PRACTICAL METHODS FOR INTERNAL DOSE ASSESSMENT FOR RADIOIODINE INTAKE AFTER THYROID BLOCKING: CLASSIFICATION OF DEGREE OF BLOCKAGE AND DETERMINATION OF INSENSITIVE MEASUREMENT POINT
Authors: Kwon Tae-Eun , Park MinSeok , Jung Gyu-Hwan , Chung Yoonsun , Ha Wi-Ho , Jin Young Woo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Iodine thyroid blocking (ITB) suppresses the uptake of iodine to the thyroid and reduces internal doses after radioiodine intake; however, its disturbance of thyroid biokinetics causes considerable uncertainty in the use of dosimetric data intended for assessment of unblocked normal thyroid. To more accurately assess internal dose after ITB, practical dosimetry methods were proposed that consider the ITB effect in a dosimetric manner. A method using the ratio of urine excretion to thyroid retention activity was proposed to retrospectively determine individual-specific ITB levels; bioassay functions and dose coefficients corresponding to ITB levels were calculated separately using the latest biokinetic model and fundamental data. Moreover, insensitive measurement points of time, which led to similar results regardless of ITB level, were determined based on the dose per unit content. Proposed insensitive points for inhalation of vapour forms and particulate forms, respectively, were 1.5 days and 2 days after exposure.
A NEW BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION METHOD FOR ASSESSING PUBLIC RADIATION EXPOSURE DUE TO RADON TRANSPORT FROM A URANIUM MINE
Authors: Doering Che 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Environmental radon progeny concentration data for the Ranger mine in the Australian wet-dry tropics were analysed. Concentrations in air at public receptor locations correlated with wind direction and were generally higher when the wind had a southerly component. The regional setting suggested that correlations were due to geography rather than the mine. The line of best fit to the radon progeny data when plotted against angle of wind direction was used to estimate background concentrations when the wind was from the direction of the mine. This differed from the standard approach of averaging concentrations when the wind was not from the direction of the mine. Background concentrations in mine-related wind directions using the line of best fit approach were generally higher than those predicted from averaging, as mine-related wind directions included a southerly component. Estimates of mine-related doses to the public were generally lower as a result.
Whole Genome Shotgun Phylogenomics Resolves the Pattern and Timing of Swallowtail Butterfly Evolution
Authors: Allio Rémi , Scornavacca Céline , Nabholz Benoit , Clamens Anne-Laure , Sperling Felix AH , Condamine Fabien L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEvolutionary relationships have remained unresolved in many well-studied groups, even though advances in next-generation sequencing and analysis, using approaches such as transcriptomics, anchored hybrid enrichment, or ultraconserved elements, have brought systematics to the brink of whole genome phylogenomics. Recently, it has become possible to sequence the entire genomes of numerous nonbiological models in parallel at reasonable cost, particularly with shotgun sequencing. Here, we identify orthologous coding sequences from whole-genome shotgun sequences, which we then use to investigate the relevance and power of phylogenomic relationship inference and time-calibrated tree estimation. We study an iconic group of butterflies—swallowtails of the family Papilionidae—that has remained phylogenetically unresolved, with continued debate about the timing of their diversification. Low-coverage whole genomes were obtained using Illumina shotgun sequencing for all genera. Genome assembly coupled to BLAST-based orthology searches allowed extraction of 6621 orthologous protein-coding genes for 45 Papilionidae species and 16 outgroup species (with 32% missing data after cleaning phases). Supermatrix phylogenomic analyses were performed with both maximum-likelihood (IQ-TREE) and Bayesian mixture models (PhyloBayes) for amino acid sequences, which produced a fully resolved phylogeny providing new insights into controversial relationships. Species tree reconstruction from gene trees was performed with ASTRAL and SuperTriplets and recovered the same phylogeny. We estimated gene site concordant factors to complement traditional node-support measures, which strengthens the robustness of inferred phylogenies. Bayesian estimates of divergence times based on a reduced data set (760 orthologs and 12% missing data) indicate a mid-Cretaceous origin of Papilionoidea around 99.2 Ma (95% credibility interval: 68.6–142.7 Ma) and Papilionidae around 71.4 Ma (49.8–103.6 Ma), with subsequent diversification of modern lineages well after the Cretaceous-Paleogene event. These results show that shotgun sequencing of whole genomes, even when highly fragmented, represents a powerful approach to phylogenomics and molecular dating in a group that has previously been refractory to resolution.
Discriminatory rapid tests cause HIV-type misclassification—evaluation of three rapid tests using clinical samples from Guinea-Bissau
Authors: Hønge Bo Langhoff , Jespersen Sanne , Medina Candida , Té David da Silva , da Silva Zacarias José , Christiansen Mette , Kjerulff Bertram , Laursen Alex Lund , Wejse Christian , Krarup Henrik , Erikstrup Christian ,   Bissau HIV Cohort study group, Rodrigues Amabelia , da Silva David , da Silva Zacarias José , Medina Candida , Oliviera-Souto Ines , Østergaard Lars , Laursen Alex , Aaby Peter , Fomsgaard Anders , Erikstrup Christian , Hønge Bo Langhoff , Wejse Christian , Jespersen (chair) Sanne 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundDiscrimination among HIV types is important because HIV-2 is naturally resistant to some of the first-line drugs used in the treatment of HIV-1. We evaluated three assays for HIV-type discriminatory capacity: SD Bioline HIV 1/2 3.0 (Bioline), First Response HIV 1-2-0 Card Test (First Response) and Genie III HIV-1/HIV-2 (Genie III).MethodsBased on results from the Bioline assay, samples from 239 HIV-infected patients from the Bissau HIV cohort in Guinea-Bissau were retrospectively selected for evaluation. Genie III and First Response were scored by three independent readers and compared with a reference test (INNO-LIA HIV I/II Score) confirmed by HIV RNA as well as DNA detection.ResultsThe best performing test was Genie III, with an average agreement with the reference test of 93.4%, followed by First Response (86.1%) and Bioline (72.4%). First Response and Bioline were scored with a false high number of HIV-1/2 dual infections. For both First Response and Genie III, there were discrepancies among independent readers, and some tests were scored as HIV non-reactive.ConclusionsUsing these rapid tests with a suboptimal performance will presumably result in a high rate of false HIV-1/2 dual diagnoses, depriving patients of alternative treatment options in cases of treatment failure.
Integrative taxonomy of an arctic bumblebee species complex highlights a new cryptic species (Apidae: Bombus)
Authors: Martinet Baptiste , Lecocq Thomas , Brasero Nicolas , Gerard Maxence , Urbanová Klára , Valterová Irena , Gjershaug Jan Ove , Michez Denis , Rasmont Pierre 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBumblebees have been the focus of much research, but the taxonomy of many species groups is still unclear, especially for circumpolar species. Delimiting species based on multisource datasets provides a solution to overcome current systematic issues of closely related populations. Here, we use an integrative taxonomic approach based on new genetic and eco-chemical datasets to resolve the taxonomic status of Bombus lapponicus and Bombus sylvicola. Our results support the conspecific status of B. lapponicus and B. sylvicola and that the low gradual divergence around the Arctic Circle between Fennoscandia and Alaska does not imply speciation in this species complex. Therefore, based on our molecular and morphological analyses, we propose to assign them subspecific status: Bombus lapponicus lapponicus from Fennoscandia and West Siberia and Bombus lapponicus sylvicola comb. nov. from Alaska and Yukon. In addition, our analyses reveal a cryptic species in the B. lapponicus complex from Alaska, which we describe here as new: Bombus (Pyrobombus) interacti sp. nov.
Brivaracetam for epilepsy
Authors: Hellerslia Van , Asistido Janine Mari , Iyamu Abiemwense 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
More than a third of patients with epilepsy cannot achieve freedom from seizures despite taking multiple medications. This article compares brivaracetam to levetiracetam, and provides guidelines for the safe and effective use of brivaracetam.