bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring health professionals understanding of evidence based treatment for idiopathic toe walking: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Williams Cylie , Gray Kelly , Davies Nina , Barkocy Marybeth , Fahey Michael , Simmonds Jane , Accardo Pasquale , Eastwood Deborah , Pacey Verity 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic toe walking (ITW) is an exclusionary diagnosis and varies in severity, from those children with full range of ankle motion, to those with associated ankle equinus. In the absence of a consensus in the treatment for this gait pattern, many clinicians are faced with challenges in understanding available evidence-based treatment options. The research aim was to understand agreement between health professionals’ knowledge of evidence for common treatment strategies for idiopathic toe walking (ITW) and if health professionals supported these strategies being used in clinical practice.

Methods:
An international online survey was opened to registered health professionals who treat children with ITW between July 2017 and March 2018. The survey had two components: 1) demographic variables and variables relating to knowledge of evidence about ITW treatments and 2) support for common treatment strategies. Additional data on strategy use, referrals, and preference were collected. Kappa statistics described intra-rater agreement between evidence knowledge and support. Multivariable regression analyses identified factors associated with the 10 most commonly preferred treatments.

Results:
There were 908 international responses. Kappa agreement for paired correct responses determined a fair agreement for evidence support knowledge for four strategies including Watch and Wait (Kappa=0.24), Stretching (Kappa=0.30), Sensory Integration Strategies (Kappa=0.40) and Motor Control Strategies (Kappa =0.24) and moderate responses for thirteen others. No strategies had greater than moderate agreement between correct knowledge of evidence and strategy support. Profession, location, number of children seen in practice, and not correctly identifying the evidence factored into many of the most commonly used strategies for ITW (p<0.05).

Conclusions:
The results from this study confirm a variety of interventions are utilised in the management of ITW around the world. Furthermore, there remains a disconnect between clinicians understanding of the evidence of common treatment strategies of ITW and a consensus for the treatment of this condition.
Cryopreserved Amniotic Membrane, Autologous Serum Eye Drops, and Tea-Tree Oil Lid Scrubs in combination for the treatment of Keratoconjunctivitis in a Staphylococcus Hypersensitive Teenager
Authors: Doll Tracy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background and Objective: The purpose is to present an interventional case report detailing recurrent bilateral keratoconjunctivitis secondary to Staphylococcus hypersensitivity in a teenage female. At least three times yearly, for five years, the patient has experienced episodes of severe bilateral catarrhal infiltrative or phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis. Comprehensive corneal and conjunctival cultures had been historically performed, twice, yielding only growth of Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis. Prior short-term treatment regimens of topical steroids and antibiotics had not prevented recurrences.
Methods: This is an interventional case report: In this patient, placement of a topical cryopreserved amniotic membrane, Prokera Slim (PKS by BioTissue), after one week of topical steroid treatment (Durezol (difluroprednate 0.05%) qid) in the right eye (OD) is compared to a steroid (difluroprednate 0.05%) taper in the left eye (OS) over an approximate one-month time period. Both eyes then continue chronic, long-term maintenance therapy with autologous serum eye drops (ASED) dosed six times daily and tea tree oil containing lids scrubs (SteriLid Foam by TheraTears) two times daily, until the present time. Supportive meibomian gland expression for meibomian gland dysfunction was also performed at the three month treatment mark.
Results: The PKS treatment in the right eye resulted in superior visual acuity and ocular comfort when compared to a steroid taper in the left eye over an approximate one-month time period. These results were maintained in the left eye at the 12 month- time frame. The right eye experienced a recurrence when the patient self-discontinued all therapy in both eyes at the 4 month mark. With re-initiation of maintenance therapy of ASED and tea tree oil containing lids scrubs, she has remained symptom-free for over eight months in the right eye.
Conclusions: Further comparison and study of the treatment modalities above could result in a potentially faster, safer, and superior treatment and prevention protocol for topical ocular inflammation in Staphylococcus hypersensitive keratoconjunctivitis, particularly in pediatric populations.
A Semantic Retrieval System for Case Law
Authors: Ebietomere Esingbemi Princewill , Ekuobase Godspower Osaretin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Legal reasoning, the core of legal practice in many countries, is “stare decisis” and its soundness is usually strengthened by relevant case law consulted. However, the task of relevant case law access and retrieval is tiring to legal practitioners and constitutes a serious drain on their productivity. Existing efforts at addressing this problem are conceptional, restrictive or unreliable. Specifically, existing semantic retrieval (SR) systems for case law are desirous of exceptional retrieval precision. Ontology promises to meet this desire, if introduced to the SR system. As a consequence, an ontology-based SR system for case law has been built using the systems analysis and design methodology. In particular, the component-based software engineering and the agile methodologies are employed to implement the system. Finally, the search and retrieval performance of the resultant SR system has been evaluated using the heuristics evaluation method. The retrieval system has shown to have a search and retrieval performance of about 94 % precision, 80 % recall and 84 % F-measure. Overall, the paper implements the SR system for case law with excellent precision and affirms the superiority of ontology approach over other semantic approaches to SR systems for document retrieval in the legal domain.
The Structures of Social Structural Explanation: Comments on Haslanger’s What is (Social) Structural Explanation?
Authors: Sterken Rachel Katharine 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In a recent paper (Haslanger 2016), Sally Haslanger argues for the importance of structural explanation. Roughly, a structural explana- tion of the behaviour of a given object appeals to features of the struc- tures—physical, social, or otherwise—the object is embedded in. It is opposed to individualistic explanations, where what is appealed to is just the object and its properties. For example, an individualistic explanation of why someone got the grade they did might appeal to features of the essay they wrote—its being well-written, answering the set question, etc. But if the class is graded on a curve, then a better explanation will appeal to features of the class—of the social structure in which the student is embedded. That she wrote a better paper than 90% of the class explains better than that she wrote a well-argued paper. In this paper, I get clear as to various candidate concepts of structure that we might appeal to in structural explanations, argue that Haslanger’s preferred account is lacking, and present an alterna- tive that is more conducive to social structural explanation.
On Haslanger’s Meta-Metaphysics: Social Structures and Metaphysical Deflationism
Authors: Díaz-León E. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The metaphysics of gender and race is a growing area of concern in contemporary analytic metaphysics, with many different views about the nature of gender and race being submitted and discussed. But what are these debates about? What questions are these accounts trying to answer? And is there real disagreement between advocates of differ- ent views about race or gender? If so, what are they really disagreeing about? In this paper I want to develop a view about what the debates in the metaphysics of gender and race are about, namely, a version of metaphysical deflationism, according to which these debates are about how we actually use or should use the terms ‘gender’ and ‘race’ (and other related terms), where moral and political considerations play a central role. I will also argue that my version of the view can overcome some recent and powerful objections to metaphysical deflationism of- fered by Elizabeth Barnes (2014, 2017).
Virtual Reality: Digital or Fictional?
Authors: McDonnell Neil , Wildman Nathan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Are the objects and events that take place in Virtual Reality genuinely real? Those who answer this question in the affirmative are realists, and those who answer in the negative are irrealists. In this paper we argue against the realist position, as given by Chalmers (2017), and present our own preferred irrealist account of the virtual. We start by disambiguating two potential versions of the realist position—weak and strong— and then go on to argue that neither is plausible. We then introduce a Waltonian variety of ictionalism about the virtual, arguing that this sort of irrealist approach avoids the problems of the realist positions, fits with a unifying theory of representational works, and offers a better account of the phenomenology of engaging in virtual experiences.
Cytogenetic Abnormalities in Seed Progenies of Pinus Pallasiana D. Don Stands from Technogenic Polluted Lands in the Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Korshikov Ivan , Belonozhko Yulia , Lapteva Helena 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In this study, we compare the pathological mitosis rates, chromosomal abnormalities and nucleolar organizer activity in Pinus pallasiana D. Don seedlings from natural population in the Crimean Mountains and from the urban plantations in the steppe of Ukraine. On the stages of anaphase and telophase of mitosis, such chromosomal abnormalities as bridges were most often found in the seeds of plantations exposed to air pollutants, whereas lead and agglutination of chromosomes were found in seeds from iron ore dump stands. Our studies have shown that P. pallasiana can be used for genotoxic monitoring of technogenic polluted lands.
Floristic Biodiversity of Weed Communities in Arable Lands of Istria Peninsula (From 2005 to 2017)
Authors: Štefanić Edita , Kovačević Vesna , Antunović Slavica , Japundžić-Palenkić Božica , Zima Dinko , Turalija Alka , Nestorović Nikola 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper analyses the floristic biodiversity of weed communities in the arable lands of the Istrian peninsula during a twelve year period (2005–2017). A total of 50 fields were surveyed for each sampling time using the seven-degree Braun-Blanquet cover abundance scale in the following agricultural categories: a) permanent crops (vineyards/olive groves), b) alfalfa fields, c) cereals, d) row crops and e) ruderal areas. The taxonomic identification was performed during the full development of vegetation, for cereals in June and July, and for the rest – in August and September. A total of 175 weed species were determined during both study periods with Asteraceae and Poaceae families as the most abundant. Altogether, therophytes were dominant in both surveys, followed by hemycryptophytes and geophytes. Variations in species composition were visible in both study periods (2005 and 2017) as well as in the selected habitat types. Exclusive species were found in addition to those that were common for both surveys. Changes in species composition between 2005 and 2017 referred to the difference in row spacing in earlier period, and ruderal vs. agricultural habitats in the recent survey. The differences in phenological traits between the past and present surveys were greatest for germination season in permanent crops and row crops, flowering start for permanent crops, flowering period for ruderal area and weed height for permanent crops. Significant differences between the past and present survey for other plant traits did not occur.
The Characteristics of Aftershock Activities of Dien Bien Earthquake on 19 February 2001 and Their Relation to the Local Geomorphological, Tectonic Features
Authors: Lu Ngo Thi , Hang Phung Thi Thu , Tuyen Nguyen Huu , Giang Ha Thi , Hai Nguyen Thanh 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article examines in detail the characteristics of Dien Bien earthquake on 19 February 2001 and its aftershocks. On the basis of the temporal development of aftershocks and the spatial distribution of tectonic faults, five aftershock series have been determined. The analysis of spatial distribution and temporal evolution of these five aftershock series has clarified the development in the source zone of Dien Bien earthquake, which is closely related to the active and recent activities of tectonic faults in the area, especially Lai Chau Dien Bien fault. The comparison between characteristics of aftershock activities of Dien Bien earthquake and geomorphological features as well as tectonic activities in the area has indicated that the magnitude of these aftershocks and their temporal evolution (early or late) depend not only on the closer or further distance compared to the mainshock and the active faults that cause them but also on terrain elevation, slope index, lineament density and their positions relative to other tectonic faults in the studied area.
Pricing Policy Aspects in Competitive Fight Between Low-Cost Airlines on Kosice Airport
Authors: Kelemen Miroslav , Pilát Marek , Makó Sebastián , Rozenberg Róbert , Tobisová Alica 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Wizzair was the first low-cost airline to operate at Kosice Airport. From the beginning, it has shown exceptionally good results and the occupancy of its lines has been over 80%. The situation that took place in Vienna forced Wizzair to cancel the base in Kosice and to move the fleet to Vienna. Ryanair takes advantage of this change and enters the market with practically the same line as Wizzair from Kosice to London. The aim of this paper is to describe the situation at Kosice airport. The competitive fight between these two companies is visible from the very first moment when Ryanair introduced its flights at a much better price than Wizzair. The paper also focuses on the comparing these prices and fares as well as the profit over the period under review.
Identification and Analysis of Information Surplus in Aeronautical Systems
Authors: Kozłowski Michał , Dudek Ewa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article is a continuation of the Authors’ study on issues concerning safety of aeronautical data and information. This time, however, the main focus was placed on identification and analysis of information surplus in aeronautical systems. After a short introduction the redundant reliability structure was characterised and types of excesses used in aeronautical systems were distinguished. Special attention was paid to the title information surplus. Then, aeronautical data and information were described – the purpose and forms of their publication and the fundamental categories of aeronautical data and information were identified. In the following part of the publication, information surpluses for indicated categories of aeronautical data and information, published in various forms, were identified and the risk profile of information surplus appearance was analysed. The whole article was summed up with conclusions. Analysed issues will be the subject of Authors’ further study.
Metaphorical Nomination in IT Terminology in Lithuanian and English Languages
Authors: Celiešienė Vilija , Juzelėnienė Saulutė 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Metaphorical nomination is peculiar in every language, it is related to reality and world view perception, it also reveals the traits of nation mentality. However, there are universal models of metaphorical nomination. In both languages, special concepts can be nominated according to similar areas, e.g. human body, its physiological and mental peculiarities, mode of life, fauna, flora, objects of natural world, etc.
The aim of this article is to analyse tendencies of metaphorical nominations in IT terminology in English and Lithuanian languages, reveal universalities and peculiarities of metaphorical nomination models. Research data of Lithuanian metaphorical terms and their English equivalents show that semantic loan-words constitute the major part of Lithuanian metaphorical terms. Consequently, their metaphorical meanings are borrowed but a substantial part of them are fairly motivated in the Lithuanian language and only a small part of them have a doubtful motivation. Having analysed various ways of metaphorical transference it is possible to claim that figurative nomination of concepts is the most universal with reference to flora names and items of mode of life. It is noted that there is a tendency to nominate concepts meaning particular objects in both English and Lithuanian languages whereas analogies of abstract things are less abundant.
Experimental Investigation of the Relationship Between Noise Level and Thermal Power Inside the Boiler Plant – Study Case
Authors: Bailescu Catalin , Iordache Vlad , Iordache Florin , Marin Adrian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The acoustic comfort of a building or house is typically given little or no attention during project planning and design. This study is aimed at quantifying noise pollution from a building technical room. To attain the research specified result, simultaneous measurements were recorded for the gas flow and noise level in the boiler room. The noise levels were recorded for different operation statuses of the boilers (different thermal loads). It was observed that noise level depends on the thermal load: the increase of thermal load is directly proportional to the noise level inside the plant room). Further, the measured values of the noise level were compared with literature predicted values and the maximum limit values from the Romanian norm. These research findings are useful for mechanical design engineers and architects in order to assure the noise protection and fulfill the residents’ expectations.
Determine the Required Log Reductions of Human Intestinal Helminth Eggs by Waste Stabilization Pond: A Simulation for Wastewater Recycling in Agriculture
Authors: Faskol Adel S. , Racoviteanu Gabriel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper investigates the determined the required log reductions for human intestinal helminth eggs by waste stabilization ponds as simulation as assessing of mitigating health risk to satisfy practice WHO, 2006 guidelines for the safe use of wastewater in agriculture (≤ 0.1 helminth egg/L) to protect the health of children under 15 years was the development of MATLAB, a computer program based waste stabilization ponds design based on parameter uncertainty and 10,000-trial Monte Carlo simulations were developed for a series of anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds based on 95%-ile of effluent (≤ 0.1 helminth egg/L) which the result in a health-based target. Whereas the influent of the helminth eggs (Nematode) was (932.500 eggs/L). While the treatment provided (100 % reduction/removal) for the overall treatment process with total hydraulic retention time in climatic conditions of Libya it took 36.207 days in the anaerobic pond, facultative pond, first maturation pond and one of the subsequent maturation pond.
Exogenous Cultural Change in the Background of the Generational Change: The Case from Papua New Guinea
Authors: Soukup Martin , Bláha Jan D. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
An analysis of cultural change and generation gaps in the local community of the Nungon ethnic group in the state of Papua New Guinea will be the subject of the study. This ethnic group came into contact with Europeans for the first time in the mid-1930s. The pace of cultural changes within the community has been gradually increasing. For example, the local animistic cult has been replaced with Christianity, school attendance has been introduced in the villages of Nungon, travel opportunities have become more accessible, and as the mobile signal has recently been introduced, Nungon residents can now connect to the internet and access information about the globalised world. Those who remember the colonial period still live in the community and many of them are still illiterate, with only limited knowledge of Pidgin English, the lingua franca of Papua New Guinea. On the other hand, the youngest generation can study in cities or experiment with social media and share information there. The aim of the paper is not only to show intergenerational differences, but also to document the local history and its ties to particular generations and show the role the generational memory played in illiterate societies with unwritten history. The only existing written and photographic documents were created by colonial officers. The study will show the transformation of the Nungon community from the time of photographs kept in boxes to the youngest generation, which keeps photographs in mobile phones and shares them on social media.
FARTLEK TRAINING LEBIH MENINGKATKAN DAYA TAHAN KARDIOVASKULER DARI PADA INTERVAL TRAINING PADA SISWA PUTRA PESERTA EKSTRAKURIKULER BOLA BASKET SMA NEGERI 1 SUKAWATI
Authors: Mega Utama Gusti Made Agung , Jawi I Made , Ayu Dewi Ni Nyoman , Weta I Wayan , Muliarta Made , Dwi Primayanti I D A Inten 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBasketball is a big ball game that requires well cardiovascular endurance. Cardiovasculer endurance can be improved using interval training and fartlek training. This study aimed to determine the effect of interval training and fartlek training on cardiovascular endurance improvement. The study was a experimental that use randomized pretest posttest design group control that does in SMA Negeri 1 Sukawati. The sample of study was students of extracurricular basketball SMA Negeri 1 Sukawati, which were 22 students that divided into 2 groups. Both groups were given different training during 6 weeks with training frequency three times a week for one and a half months. The first group was given interval training and the second group was given fartlek training. Cardiovascular endurance was measured with a multistage fitness test (MFT). The result showed the mean of cardiovascular endurance between the groups after training was 41.66 ± 2.733 ml / kg / minute in the interval training group and was 48.92 ± 2.385 ml / kg / minute in the fartlek group. The cardiovascular endurance between both groups was significantly different (p<0.05), meaningful and have improvement. The conclusion is the interval training and fartlek training are able to improve cardiovascular endurance, however fartlek training is better than interval training in improving cardiovascular endurance. Therefore, it is advisable to use fartlek training to improve cardiovascular endurance for basketball players.Keywords: cardiovascular endurance, fartlek training, interval training