bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fenretinide treatment accelerates atherosclerosis development in apoE‐deficient mice in spite of beneficial metabolic effects
Authors: Busnelli Marco , Manzini Stefano , Bonacina Fabrizia , Soldati Sabina , Barbieri Silvia Stella , Amadio Patrizia , Sandrini Leonardo , Arnaboldi Francesca , Donetti Elena , Laaksonen Reijo , Paltrinieri Saverio , Scanziani Eugenio , Chiesa Giulia 
Published: October 2019

Background and PurposeFenretinide, a synthetic retinoid derivative first investigated for cancer prevention and treatment, has been shown to ameliorate glucose tolerance, improve plasma lipid profile and reduce body fat mass. These effects, together with its ability to inhibit ceramide synthesis, suggest that fenretinide may have an anti‐atherosclerotic action.Experimental ApproachTo this aim, nine‐week‐old apoE‐knockout (EKO) female mice were fed for twelve weeks a Western diet, without (control) or with (0.1% w/w) fenretinide. As a reference, wild‐type (WT) mice were treated similarly. Growth and metabolic parameters were monitored throughout the study. Atherosclerosis development was evaluated in the aorta and at the aortic sinus. Blood and lymphoid organs were further characterized with thorough cytological/histological and immunocytofluorimetric analyses.Key ResultsFenretinide treatment significantly lowered body weight, glucose levels and plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids. In the liver, fenretinide remarkably reduced hepatic glycogenosis and steatosis driven by the Western diet. Treated spleens were abnormally enlarged, with severe follicular atrophy and massive extramedullary haematopoiesis. Severe renal hemosiderin deposition was observed in treated EKO mice. Treatment resulted in a threefold increase of total leukocytes (WT and EKO) and raised the activated/resting monocyte ratio in EKO mice. Finally, atherosclerosis development was markedly increased at the aortic arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta of fenretinide‐treated mice.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe provide the first evidence that, despite beneficial metabolic effects, fenretinide treatment may enhance the development of atherosclerosis.
Admission patterns and survival from status epilepticus in critical care in the UK: an analysis of the Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre Case Mix Programme database
Authors: Damian M. S. , Ben‐Shlomo Y. , Howard R. , Harrison D. A. 
Published: October 2019

Background and purposeFactors influencing the outcome after the critical care unit (CCU) for patients with status epilepticus (SE) are poorly understood. Survival for these patients was examined to establish (i) whether the risk of mortality has changed over time and (ii) whether admission to different unit types affects mortality risk over and above other risk factors.MethodsThe Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre database and the Case Mix Programme database (January 2001 to December 2016) were analysed. Units were defined as neuro‐CCU (NCCU), general CCU with 24‐h neurological support (GCCU‐N) or general CCU with limited neurological support (GCCU‐L).ResultsThere were 35 595 CCU cases of SE with a 3‐fold increase over time (4739 in 2001–2004 to 14 166 in 2013–2016). More recent admissions were older and were more often unsedated on admission. Mortality declined for all units although this was more marked for NCCUs (8.1% in 2001–2004 to 4.4% in 2013–2016 compared to 5.1% and 4.1% for GCCU‐L). Acute hospital mortality was two to three times higher than CCU mortality although this has also declined with time. GCCU‐L appeared to have lower mortality than NCCUs (odds ratio 0.84, 95% confidence interval 0.72, 0.98) but after post hoc adjustment for case mix there were no differences. Older age and markers of seriousness of morbidity were all associated with increased mortality risk.ConclusionsThe number of patients admitted to a CCU for SE is rising but critical care and acute hospital mortality is decreasing. Patients treated in an NCCU have higher mortality but this is explicable by more severe underlying disease.
Maternal caregiving and DNA methylation in human infants and children: Systematic review
Authors: Provenzi Livio , Brambilla Maddalena , Scotto di Minico Giunia , Montirosso Rosario , Borgatti Renato 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe integration of behavioral epigenetics' principles (eg, DNA methylation) into the study of human infants' development has mainly focused on the effects of early adverse exposures, paying less attention to protective caregiving experiences. The present review focused on DNA methylation linked to variations in maternal behavior in human infants and children. Literature search occurred on three databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) and 11 records were selected. Key variables were abstracted from each article including: sample size and characteristics, time and type of maternal caregiving behavior exposure, time and locus of methylation biomarker, presence/absence, time and type of adverse exposure. Six out of eleven records documented the predictive effect of maternal caregiving on DNA methylation, whereas the remaining five reported on the role of maternal behavior as an influencing factor of the adversity‐to‐methylation link. Consistent with evidence from the animal model, the quality of maternal caregiving in humans (a) might be associated with variations in DNA methylation status of specific genes involved in socio‐emotional development and (b) might partially buffer the association between early adversities and epigenetic variations in infants and children. Current evidence suggests that the quality of maternal caregiving can contribute to behavioral development trajectories of human infants and children at least partially through epigenetic regulation. Open questions and methodological aspects are discussed to guide future human developmental research in behavioral epigenetics.
Supervisory opportunity to observe moderates criterion‐related validity estimates
Authors: MacLane Charles N. , Cucina Jeffrey M. , Busciglio Henry H. , Su Chihwei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSupervisors' opportunity to observe incumbents' performance (i.e., how often a supervisor typically sees an employee's performance) has been suggested to be important for accurate performance rating and to be a moderator of criterion‐related validity. Here we test these suggestions and present empirical evidence for the effects of opportunity to observe. In Study 1, supervisors in a multi‐occupation/organization criterion‐related validation study for a biodata measure indicated the opportunity they had to observe incumbents. The data were split according to different levels of opportunity to observe. Higher validities were found when opportunity to observe was maximal. In Study 2, this finding was replicated using a cognitive ability test. These results suggest that psychologists should consider measuring opportunity to observe in criterion‐related validity studies.
Does Skilled Migration Cause Income Inequality in the Source Country?
Authors: Uprety Dambar 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study conducts an empirical investigation of the effect of skilled migration on income inequality in the origin countries. Developing countries are low‐skilled labour abundant and high‐skilled labour scarce. Emigration of high‐skilled labour increases the relative supply of low‐skilled labour in the country. Excess supply of low‐skilled labour depresses the wage rate of these countries while the wage rate of the highly skilled increases leading, to the Gulf of inequality, at least in the short‐run. Complementarity between high‐skilled and low‐skilled labour could be another channel. Consequently, skilled migration is usually seen as inducing losses for the low‐skilled left behind. Using a panel of 110 developing countries from 1980‐2010, the study finds robust results to different econometrics specifications and subsamples that high‐skilled migration increases income inequality in the short‐run while there appears to be no effect of low‐skilled migration on inequality. A clearer understanding of the channels through which high‐skilled migration will be detrimental for income inequality in developing countries may assist policymakers to craft appropriate policies to curtail high‐skilled migration, which would serve to improve equality, hence reducing social and political unrest.
“A PCMH mind and a PCMH heart”: Patient, faculty, and learner perspectives on collaborative care in an interprofessional team‐based training programme
Authors: Coletti Daniel J. , Yalakkishettar Pratiksha , Alexandri Maya , Block Lauren , Martinez Johanna , Fornari Alice , Conigliaro Joseph 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesProviding high‐quality primary care in patient‐centred medical homes (PCMHa) requires competencies that can only be provided by interprofessional (IP) education. The benefits of collaborative training have been documented for learners, but less is known about the perceptions of the clinical professionals who train the learners or the patients receiving IP primary care. This investigation compared stakeholder attitudes about IP education, training, and providing collaborative care prior to developing a new IP training programme.MethodsWe conducted five focus groups at a large general internal medicine training practice. Learner and faculty groups included participants from medicine, psychology, pharmacy, and physician assistant professions; three patient groups were held to obtain perspectives on receiving health care from IP trainees. We used inductive analysis to identify themes across the three stakeholder groups.ResultsWe identified seven convergent themes across all three stakeholder groups: (a) team engagement, (b) technology in care delivery, (c) cost of care, (d) involving patients in learning, (e) time constraints, (f) scope of practice, and (g) autonomy/interdependence. Each group emphasized the need to define and communicate team members' roles. Learners anticipated high‐quality IP interactions, and patients noted the benefits of receiving care from well‐supervised trainees. Faculty struggled to navigate the training needs of diverse learner groups and to integrate PCMH mandates focused on documentation with authentic patient‐centred care.ConclusionsThis is the first reported data comparing perceptions about IP training and care across these three stakeholder groups. Results suggest the need to clarify scope of practice, define professional roles, and bridge gaps between teaching PCMH principles and subsequently providing high‐quality health care. Results inform faculty development needs in learning ways to train learners across professions and outline ways to structure interactions with patients.
Moist vs over‐dried etched dentin: FE‐SEM/TEM and bond strength evaluation of resin‐dentin interfaces produced by universal adhesives
Authors: Kumagai Rose Y. , Hirata Ronaldo , Pereira Patricia N. R. , Reis Andre F. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of the degree of dentin moisture on interfacial ultramorphology and bond strength (μTBS) of universal adhesives.Materials and MethodsFuturabond U (FBU), Scotchbond Universal (SBU), Adhese Universal (ADU), and Prime&Bond active (PBA) were used. After acid‐etching, moist or over‐dried dentin surfaces were tested. Teeth were restored for scanning and transmission electron microscopy (n = 3) and μTBS evaluation (n = 5). μTBS results were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA and Tukey.ResultsFor moist dentin, a well‐formed hybrid layer (HL) was observed. However, when applied to over‐dried dentin, remarkable differences were observed. Defects, gaps, and reduced HL thickness were observed mainly for ADU and FBU. When applied to wet dentin, μTBS values were similar for all adhesives, except for FBU, which was significantly lower. When applied to over‐dried dentin, PBA presented the highest μTBS values, followed by SBU, ADU, and FBU. ADU presented significantly lower μTBS when applied to over‐dried dentin.ConclusionPBA, SBU, and FBU μTBS values were not sensitive to the degree of moisture. Even though application to over‐dried dentin revealed defects, gaps and reduced HL thickness for SBU, ADU, and FBU, μTBS analysis only revealed a significant reduction for ADU.Clinical SignificanceUniversal adhesives can be applied in either self‐etching or etch‐and‐rinse mode. However, clinicians are not aware which universal adhesives should be strictly applied on a moist dentin for bonding in the etch‐and‐rinse mode.
Effects of anticoagulants on stable‐isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) of shark blood components
Authors: Weideli Ornella C. , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Matich Philip , Heithaus Michael R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effects of anticoagulant EDTA and sodium heparin (SH) on stable carbon δ13C and nitrogen δ15N isotopic values of red blood cells (RBC) and blood plasma in juvenile blacktip reef sharks Carcharhinus melanopterus were analysed. Plasma preserved with anticoagulants was not isotopically distinct from plasma stored in no‐additive control tubes but RBC δ15N values exhibited small enrichments when preserved with EDTA and SH. Results suggest EDTA and SH are viable anticoagulants for stable isotopic analyses of blood fractions but further studies are advised to validate results.
Characteristics of labor‐onset hypertension persist after neuraxial labor analgesia
Authors: Kumagai Asako , Makino Shintaro , Takeda Jun , Hirai Chihiro , Inoue Rie , Sumikura Hiroyuki , Itakura Atsuo , Takeda Satoru 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the rate of labor‐onset hypertension (LOH) under neuraxial labor analgesia and the effect of neuraxial labor analgesia on LOH.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary university hospital from 2015 to 2016. Patients who were admitted to the hospital for vaginal delivery under combined spinal and epidural anesthesia were selected. LOH was defined as the elevation of systolic blood pressure (BP) to ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP to ≥90 mmHg for the first time after the onset of labor. Cases of LOH that persisted after neuraxial labor analgesia (prolonged LOH) were further analyzed to determine the hypertension severity and therapeutic intervention rate.ResultsAmong 775 patients, 213 (28.4%) developed LOH. Prolonged LOH was observed in 30 patients (3.9%). LOH severity and the likelihood of prolonged LOH were positively correlated. Therapeutic intervention was administered only to the patients with prolonged LOH, that is, to 100% of those with emergent hypertension, to 21.1% of those with severe hypertension during labor, and to 36.8% of those with severe hypertension, to 55.6% of those with mild hypertension in the post‐partum period.ConclusionThe rate of LOH was reduced significantly after neuraxial labor analgesia. Patients with prolonged LOH should be carefully followed up during labor and in the post‐partum period because such patients often require antihypertensive therapy.
Independent and combined effects of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils and acetic acid on prevalence and intensity of fatty liver syndrome in broiler chickens
Authors: Mirderikvandi Maryam , Khosravinia Heshmatollah , Parizadian Kavan Bahman 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTwo hundred fifty two male Ross 308 broiler chicks were raised to examine the effects of Satureja khuzistanica essential oils (SkEO; 0, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 mg/bird/day) administrated via oral gavage and dietary supplementation of acetic acid (AA; 0 or 20 g/kg) in a 6 × 2 factorial fashion using a complete randomized block design with seven replicates of three birds each. In Day 34 of age, liver fat percentage decreased by increasing SkEO levels in a quadratic trend (p < .05). Oral gavag of 200 and 300 mg of SkEO decreased AST activity by 16.67% and 16.94%, respectively, compared with the control birds (p < .05). In Day 38 of age, liver percentage was greater by 0.37% in the birds received 400 mg SkEO than those given 500 mg (p < .05). Liver fat percentage decreased in the birds fed the acidified diet and received 300 and 500 mg SkEO as well as in the birds offered 200 and 400 mg of SkEO and fed non‐acidified diet than those received acidified diet with no SkEO administration (p < .05). Prevalence of score zero for hepatocytic vacuolations and necrosis was 80.00% and 42.42% in the birds receiving 600 mg SkEO respectively. Median for relative frequency of scores for hepatocytic vacuolations and hepatocytic necrosis was lesser in the birds received SkEO by oral gavage compared with that of control birds (p < .05). In conclusion, administration of SkEO via oral gavage reduced liver fat in broiler chicken but no consistent dosage could be verified as the effective dosage for all ages concerned. The acidified diet per se showed no evident effect on liver fat at all ages considered. The SkEO × AA interaction exhibited promising but unreliable effects on liver colour score in market age (42 days).
Facility‐ and community‐based delivery of micronutrient powders in Uganda: Opening the black box of implementation using mixed methods
Authors: D'Agostino Alexis , Ssebiryo Francis , Murphy Hillary , Cristello Angelica , Nakiwala Rose , Otim Katherine , Sarkar Danya , Ngalombi Sarah , Schott Whitney , Katuntu David , Griffiths Marcia , Namaste Sorrel M.L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMicronutrient powders (MNP) have the potential to increase micronutrient intake, yet documentation of implementation lessons remains a gap. This paper presents results of a pilot in Uganda comparing community‐ and facility‐based delivery of MNP and documenting experiences of caregivers and distributors. The pilot's mixed method evaluation included a cross‐sectional endline survey, monthly household visits, and midline and endline interviews. Primary outcomes were ever‐covered (received ≥1 MNP packet), repeat‐coverage (received ≥2 MNP packets), and adherence (consumed no more than 1 MNP sachet per day, consumed MNP with food, and consumed MNP 3+ days in past week). An adjusted Wald chi‐square test compared differences in programme outcomes between arms, and logit regression identified predictors to adherence. Key informant interviews were coded thematically. Most programme outcomes in the endline survey were statistically significantly higher in the community arm, although in both arms, adherence was lower than other outcomes (adherence 31.4% in facility vs. 58.3% in community arm). Counselling, receipt of communication materials, perceived positive effects, MNP knowledge, and child liking MNP were consistent predictors of adherence in both arms. Qualitative findings corroborated survey results, revealing that social encouragement and advocacy facilitated use and that forgetting to give MNP was a barrier. Facility arm caregivers also cited distance, time, and transportation cost as barriers. Distributors had positive experiences with training and supervision but experienced increased workloads in both arms. MNP programme design is context‐specific but could benefit from strengthened community sensitization, continued and more effective counselling for caregivers, and increased support for distributors.
The origins and evolutionary history of feral apples in southern Canada
Authors: Cronin Dane , Kron Paul , Husband Brian C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFeral populations of domesticated crops can establish through two nonmutually exclusive pathways: hybridization with native relatives and recruitment of and recombination between known cultivars. The extent and relative importance of these pathways is not known, especially for woody fruit crops. Here, we examined the evolutionary origins of feral populations of Malus domestica (domestic apple) in southern Canada using a population genetic analysis. We characterized genotypes of 578 putative feral apple trees and evaluated them in relation to genotypes of 156 commercial cultivars, 28 non‐native, ornamental crabapples and 47 native Malus coronaria trees using 14 microsatellite markers. No feral trees were genetic admixtures between domestic and native Malus; however, a minority of trees were admixed with introduced ornamental Malus. Feral trees and commercial cultivars both occurred in two major genetic groups and seven subgroups distributed throughout all commercial growing regions. A total of 42 cultivars, both heritage and currently grown, occurred in probable parental pairs for feral trees, with nine heritage varieties accounting for 72% of parental assignments. We conclude that feral apples in southern Canada are not products of hybridization with native M. coronaria but we cannot exclude ornamental apple species as contributing to the naturalization process. Nonhybrid feral domestic apples have multiple origins, with a prominent signature of early heritage cultivars. These lineages have spread and coexist throughout Ontario, rather than being derived strictly from local sources.
The Intellectual Animal
Authors: Vogler Candace 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProperly interpreted, Aquinas supports a transformative rather than an additive understanding of how the human intellect relates to the capacities human beings share with other animals, an understanding founded in a metaphysics. The soul (‘life-form’) is the substantial form that maintains an organism as a single being throughout life, and Aquinas holds that the human soul is the only substantial form in the human being. He respects the variety of appetitive and apprehensive capacities displayed by different animals, and has a high view of the perceptive (even inductive) powers of the higher animals: they ‘share somewhat in reason’. It is no surprise that we cannot easily identify a rigid boundary between our intellectual powers and the cognitive and conative powers we share with other animals; rather, the powers not only interact, they qualify each other. As Stephen Brock put it, ‘Rationality is a mode of intellect … intrinsically connected to the life of the senses, and therefore to the sense-organs … and to matter itself.’
Thomistic Animalism
Authors: Chik Janice T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAnimalism, according to its strongest proponents, is the view that human beings are ‘essentially or most fundamentally animals’. Specifically, ‘we are essentially animals if we couldn't possibly exist without being animals’ (Olson 2008). Although contemporary animalism offers an account superior to its Lockean competitors, Olson's ‘biological approach’ has certain limitations, particularly in its denial of any psychological continuity whatsoever as either necessary or sufficient for individual persistence through time. I propose a number of amendments towards a Thomistic variety of animalism that avoids these difficulties. Although prone to misinterpretation, animalism understood properly is compatible with Aquinas's theory of subsistent intellect. Against recent challenges, I defend the view that Thomistic animalism not only is intelligible, but is indeed crucial for understanding Aquinas's view of human nature and rationality.