bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subsidence in the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: Fokker Peter.A. , van Leijen Freek.J. , Orlic Bogdan , van der Marel Hans , Hanssen Ramon.F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGround surface dynamics is one of the processes influencing the future of the Wadden Sea area. Vertical land movement, both subsidence and heave, is a direct contributor to changes in the relative sea level. It is defined as the change of height of the Earth's surface with respect to a vertical datum. In the Netherlands, the Normaal Amsterdams Peil (NAP) is the official height datum, but its realisation via reference benchmarks is not time-dependent. Consequently, NAP benchmarks are not optimal for monitoring physical processes such as land subsidence. However, surface subsidence can be regarded as a differential signal: the vertical motion of one location relative to the vertical motion of another location. In this case, the actual geodetic height datum is superfluous.In the present paper, we highlight the processes that cause subsidence, with specific focus on the Wadden Sea area. The focus will be toward anthropogenic causes of subsidence, and how to understand them; how to measure and monitor and use these measurements for better characterisation and forecasting; with some details on the activities in the Wadden Sea that are relevant in this respect. This naturally leads to the identification of knowledge gaps and to the formulation of notions for future research.
Glacial history reflected by geochemically constrained stratigraphic sections in the Chaudière River drainage basin of the Canadian Appalachians
Authors: Shilts William W. , Caron Olivier J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe Chaudière River region in the Appalachian Mountains of eastern Canada is approximately 700 km north of the southernmost Pleistocene glacial deposits in New York and New Jersey. Detailed compositional analyses of glacial and non-glacial sediments from stratigraphic exposures and more than 40 boreholes drilled to bedrock provide a compositionally constrained record of glacial events, which include deposits of one Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 and two post-MIS 5 glaciations. The glacial and associated proglacial deposits rest on compositionally distinctive, preglacial saprolite that is preserved in deeper valleys. These observations constrain interpretations of the glacial/Pleistocene history of the eastern United States and Canada. The fact that there is no unequivocal evidence of pre-MIS 6 till in the Chaudière River region, while there are well-documented pre-MIS 6 glacial deposits south of there and in the American Midwest, also has major climatic implications. The Laurentide Ice Sheet and its ancestors must have been more robust in the west in the early Pleistocene and in the east most recently.
Modern Architecture in Post-Colonial Ghana and Nigeria
Authors: Roux Hannah Le 
Published: October 2018

… an architecture and form of urbanism will emerge closely connected with the set of ideas that have international validity but reflecting the conditions of climate, the habits of the people and the aspirations of the countries lying under the cloudy belt of the equatorial world.Max Fry and Jane Drew, architects, 1956The concept of architecture, even in its widest traditional sense, is foreign to Africa.John Lloyd, architect, 1966Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew, who had been in and out of West Africa since the 1940s as planners and architects, were optimistic about the role of architecture in the tropics on the eve of independence. In the text of Tropical Architecture in the Humid Zones they championed the development in Africa of the tropical modernism they had pioneered in their own work. In sharp contrast, John Lloyd, writing from Ghana just ten years later, conveyed a sense of the discipline’s estrangement from the context.
Reversal of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Symptoms by Subdural Collections
Authors: Fisher C. M. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract:Background:The pathogenesis of symptoms in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is unclear. One theory is that in the presence of enlarged lateral ventricles, the ventricular fluid exerts increased force on the ventricular walls, the cerebrospinal fluid pressure remaining normal. This is in accordance with Pascal’s principle of F = PxA. It has not been possible to obtain direct evidence for this view.Method:The opportunity to gain insight into the matter arose when it was observed that two patients with symptomatic NPH were relieved of their symptoms when they developed bilateral subdural collections, one after head trauma, the other after ventriculo-peritoneal shunting for NPH.Result:In each case, concomitant with the subdural collections and the reversal of symptoms, the ventricular system became smaller. In the first patient, symptoms returned when the subdural collections were resorbed. In the second patient, symptoms returned when the subdural collections became excessive.Conclusion:Although documentation was less thorough than desired, it was concluded that relief of symptoms was related to the decrease in the ventricular size rather than lowering of the intraventricular pressure, thus providing evidence for operation of the principle F = PxA as the mechanism of symptoms in NPH.
Observation Impact in a Regional Reanalysis of the East Australian Current System
Authors: Kerry Colette , Roughan Moninya , Powell Brian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe East Australia Current dominates the circulation along the east coast of Australia; therefore, identifying observations that best constrain its transport and eddies may help improve circulation estimates. Observational data sets are sparse in time and space and numerical models are unable to predict the timing and location of eddies due to their chaotic nature. Data assimilation combines observations with a numerical model such that the model better represents the observations and provides the dynamic context. This study uses variational methods to quantify how oceanic observations from various platforms impact model estimates of transport and eddy kinetic energy in the East Australia Current. The most influential observations are, in this order, satellite‐derived sea surface temperature; radial components of sea surface velocity from an high‐frequency radar array midway along the coast; satellite‐derived sea surface height, temperature, salinity, and velocity observations from a full‐depth mooring array in the upstream portion of the domain; and subsurface hydrographic data measured by ocean gliders. Not only do the high‐frequency radar observations have high impact on transport estimates at the array location, but also they have significant impact both upstream and downstream. Likewise, the impact of the mooring array observations is far reaching, contributing to transport estimates hundreds of kilometers downstream. The observation impact of deep gliders deployed into eddies is particularly high. Significantly, we find that observations taken in regions with greater natural variability contribute most to constraining the model estimates.
Observability of Callisto's Inductive Signature During the JUpiter ICy Moons Explorer Mission
Authors: Liuzzo Lucas , Simon Sven , Feyerabend Moritz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUsing hybrid simulations and analytical calculations, we investigate the observable magnetic perturbations during the 12 planned Callisto flybys of the JUpiter ICy moons Explorer mission. During four of these encounters, Callisto will be embedded within Jupiter's magnetospheric current sheet. In these cases, Callisto's Alfvén wings and ramside magnetic field pileup will partially obscure any magnetic signatures associated with induction in a conducting layer at the moon, thereby severely complicating attempts to further constrain properties of a possible subsurface ocean. During one of these flybys, the plasma interaction will even generate magnetic signatures that are qualitatively similar to an induced field from the moon's interior. In this case, highly accurate measurements of the upstream flow parameters and Callisto's ionosphere are required to disentangle the induction signal from plasma effects. For the remaining eight encounters, Callisto's plasma interaction is expected to be sufficiently weak for an unobstructed observation of the moon's inductive signature.
Crustal Azimuthal Anisotropy Beneath the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau and its Geodynamic Implications
Authors: Zheng Tuo , Ding Zhifeng , Ning Jieyuan , Chang Lijun , Wang Xingchen , Kong Fansheng , Liu Kelly H. , Gao Stephen S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe fast orientation and magnitude of crustal azimuthal anisotropy beneath the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and adjacent areas are measured by analyzing the sinusoidal moveout of the P to S converted phase from the Moho. Beneath the tectonically active plateau, the mean magnitude is 0.48 ± 0.13 s, which is about twice as large as that observed in the stable Sichuan Basin (0.23 ± 0.10 s). The two areas are separated by the Longmenshan fault zone, a zone of devastating earthquakes including the 12 May 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Fault orthogonal fast orientations observed in the southern Longmenshan fault zone, where previous studies have revealed high crustal Vp/Vs and suggested the presence of mid‐lower crustal flow, may reflect flow‐induced lattice preferred orientation of anisotropic minerals. Fault parallel anisotropy in the central segment of the fault zone is most likely related to fluid filled fractures, and fault perpendicular extensional cracks are probably responsible for the observed anisotropy in the northern segment. The crustal anisotropy measurements, when combined with results from previous studies, suggest the existence of mid‐lower crustal flow beneath the southeastern margin of the plateau. Comparison of crustal anisotropy obtained before and after the Wenchuan earthquake suggests that the earthquake has limited influence on whole crustal anisotropy, although temporal changes of anisotropy associated with the earthquake have been reported using splitting of shear waves from local earthquakes occurred in the upper crust.
Spatiotemporal Variation of Tectonic Tremor Activity Before the Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake
Authors: Katakami Satoshi , Ito Yoshihiro , Ohta Kazuaki , Hino Ryota , Suzuki Syuichi , Shinohara Masanao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA slow slip event (SSE) and tectonic tremors occurred approximately 1.5 month prior to the occurrence of the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake near the Japan Trench. Although we cannot completely rule out other sources of noise near the observation site, slow earthquakes would demonstrate the nucleation of a fast slip event from prior slow earthquake activity. Here we report on tectonic tremor activity detected from short‐period ocean‐bottom seismometer (OBS) data with a modified frequency scanning method that allows robust tectonic tremor detection by incorporating information from multiple frequency passbands in order to suppress false detections. We have identified at least five tectonic tremor sequences on the OBS records from the end of January 2011 to just before the occurrence of the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake in March 2011. To reveal the spatial distributions of tectonic tremors before the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, we then calculated tremor energy, with corrected site amplification, from the identified tectonic tremor time window at each OBS that detected tremors. Possible sources of tremors were distributed in trenchward side of the SSE fault prior to the main shock. These tremors could be modulated by SSE to take into account consistent timing between tremor and SSE term, and consistency of spatial locations between estimated tremor sources and SSE faults. This spatiotemporal pattern in tectonic tremor activity demonstrates a significant separation of occurrence sources between tectonic tremors and regular earthquakes.
A Numerical Study of Interannual Variability in the North Icelandic Irminger Current
Authors: Zhao Jian , Yang Jiayan , Semper Stefanie , Pickart Robert S. , Våge Kjetil , Valdimarsson Hedinn , Jónsson Steingrímur 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe North Icelandic Irminger Current (NIIC) is an important component of the Atlantic Water (AW) inflow to the Nordic Seas. In this study, both observations and a high‐resolution (1/12°) numerical model are used to investigate the seasonal to interannual variability of the NIIC and its forcing mechanisms. The model‐simulated velocity and hydrographic fields compare well with the available observations. The water mass over the entire north Icelandic shelf exhibits strong seasonal variations in both temperature and salinity, and such variations are closely tied to the AW seasonality in the NIIC. In addition to seasonal variability, there is considerable variation on interannual time scales, including a prominent event in 2003 when the AW volume transport increased by about 0.5 Sv. To identify and examine key forcing mechanisms for this event, we analyzed outputs from two additional numerical experiments: using only the seasonal climatology for buoyancy flux (the momentum case) and using only the seasonal climatology for wind stress (the buoyancy case). It is found that changes in the wind stress are predominantly responsible for the interannual variations in the AW volume transport, AW fraction in the NIIC water, and salinity. Temperature changes on the shelf, however, are equally attributable to the buoyancy flux and wind forcing. Correlational analyses indicate that the AW volume transport is most sensitive to the wind stress southwest of Iceland.
Structure of the Deep Spillway in the Western Part of the Romanche Fracture Zone
Authors: Tarakanov Roman Y. , Morozov Eugene G. , van Haren Hans , Makarenko Nikolay I. , Demidova Tatiana A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStructure of the deep spillway was studied on the basis of conductivity‐temperature‐depth, lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler, and mooring measurements in 2011–2014 in the Romanche fracture zone (22°27′–22°32′W). The spillway exists quasi‐permanently in the regime of hydraulic control overflow and consists of two flows in the layer θ < 1.20 °C (deeper than 4,150 m). The first flow enters the fracture from the south through a gap in the Southern Wall. The second flow is directed to the east along the narrow valley of the fracture. The sill depths of these passages are 4,570 and 4,430 m, respectively. The depths over the surrounding ridges are shallower than 4,100 m. Both flows descend to the local depression of the fracture with 5,000‐m depth. Bottom potential temperatures over both sills were 0.51 °C, and the measured velocities were 20–40 cm/s. When the flows descend down the slope, they accelerate in supercritical regime. Maximal measured velocities were up to 65 cm/s. Analysis of the 189‐day time series of velocities on the mooring deployed in the flow descending from the gap showed a very high level of fluctuation energy: 10 times greater than the energy of the barotropic tide at this point. The only energy source of these fluctuations is the available potential energy of the deep thermocline in the West Atlantic transforming to the kinetic energy of the deep spillway. The total transport of the bottom water below θ = 1.2 °C based on the lowered acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements is estimated at 0.29–0.35 Sv, which agrees with the predicted values.
MSK1 functions as a transcriptional coactivator of p53 in the regulation of p21 gene expression
Authors: Ahn Jihye , Lee Jin Gyeong , Chin Chuevin , In Suna , Yang Aerin , Park Hee-Sung , Kim Jaehoon , Park Jeong Hyeon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMitogen- and stress-activated kinase 1 (MSK1) is a chromatin kinase that facilitates activator-dependent transcription by altering chromatin structure through histone H3 phosphorylation. The kinase activity of MSK1 is activated by intramolecular autophosphorylation, which is initially triggered by the activation of upstream mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as p38 and ERK1/2. MSK1 has been implicated in the expression of p21, a p53 target gene; however, the precise connection between MSK1 and p53 has not been clearly elucidated. Here, using in vitro and cell-based transcription assays, we show that MSK1 functions as a transcriptional coactivator of p53 in p21 expression, an action associated with MAPK-dependent phosphorylation of MSK1 and elevated kinase activity. Of special significance, we show that MSK1 directly interacts with p53 and is recruited to the p21 promoter, where it phosphorylates histone H3 in a p53-dependent manner. In addition, phosphomimetic mutant analysis demonstrated that negative charges in the hydrophobic motif are critical for serine 212 phosphorylation in the N-terminal kinase domain, which renders MSK1 competent for histone kinase activity. These studies suggest that MSK1 acts through a direct interaction with p53 to function as a transcriptional coactivator and that MSK1 activation by upstream MAPK signaling is important for efficient p21 gene expression.
Effects of tumor necrosis factor-α polymorphism on the brain structural changes of the patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Zhou Rubai , Wang Fan , Zhao Guoqing , Xia Weiping , Peng Daihui , Mao Ruizhi , Xu Jingjing , Wang Zuowei , Hong Wu , Zhang Chen , Wang Yong , Su Yousong , Huang Jia , Yang Tao , Wang Jijun , Chen Jun , Palaniyappan Lena , Fang Yiru 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSingle Nucleotide Polymorphic (SNP) variations of proinflammatory cytokines such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) have been reported to be closely associated with the major depressive disorder (MDD). However, it is unclear if proinflammatory genetic burden adversely affects the regional gray matter volume in patients with MDD. The aim of this study was to test whether rs1799724, an SNP of TNF-α, contributes to the neuroanatomical changes in MDD. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 144 MDD patients and 111 healthy controls (HC) well matched for age, sex and education were recruited from Shanghai Mental Health Center. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) followed by graph theory based structural covariance analysis was applied to locate diagnosis x genotype interactions. Irrespective of diagnosis, individuals with the high-risk genotype (T-carriers) had reduced volume in left angular gyrus (main effect of genotype). Diagnosis x genotype interaction was exclusively localized to the visual cortex (right superior occipital gyrus). The same region also showed reduced volume in patients with MDD than HC (main effect of diagnosis), with this effect being most pronounced in patients carrying the high-risk genotype. However, neither global nor regional network of structural covariance was found to have group difference. In conclusion, a genetic variation which can increase TNF-α expression selectively affects the anatomy of the visual cortex among the depressed subjects, with no effect on the topographical organization of multiple cortical regions. This supports the notion that anatomical changes in depression are in part influenced by the genetic determinants of inflammatory activity.
GSK3β: a plausible mechanism of cognitive and hippocampal changes induced by erythropoietin treatment in mood disorders?
Authors: Inkster Becky , Zai Gwyneth , Lewis Gemma , Miskowiak Kamilla W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMood disorders are associated with significant psychosocial and occupational disability. It is estimated that major depressive disorder (MDD) will become the second leading cause of disability worldwide by 2020. Existing pharmacological and psychological treatments are limited for targeting cognitive dysfunctions in mood disorders. However, growing evidence from human and animal studies has shown that treatment with erythropoietin (EPO) can improve cognitive function. A recent study involving EPO-treated patients with mood disorders showed that the neural basis for their cognitive improvements appeared to involve an increase in hippocampal volume. Molecular mechanisms underlying hippocampal changes have been proposed, including the activation of anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, pro-survival and anti-inflammatory signalling pathways. The aim of this review is to describe the potential importance of glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK3β) as a multi-potent molecular mechanism of EPO-induced hippocampal volume change in mood disorder patients. We first examine published associations between EPO administration, mood disorders, cognition and hippocampal volume. We then highlight evidence suggesting that GSK3β influences hippocampal volume in MDD patients, and how this could assist with targeting more precise treatments particularly for cognitive deficits in patients with mood disorders. We conclude by suggesting how this developing area of research can be further advanced, such as using pharmacogenetic studies of EPO treatment in patients with mood disorders.
Integrative analysis of transcriptomics and clinical data uncovers the tumor-suppressive activity of MITF in prostate cancer
Authors: Valcarcel-Jimenez Lorea , Macchia Alice , Martín-Martín Natalia , Cortazar Ana Rosa , Schaub-Clerigué Ariane , Pujana-Vaquerizo Mikel , Fernández-Ruiz Sonia , Lacasa-Viscasillas Isabel , Santos-Martin Aida , Loizaga-Iriarte Ana , Unda-Urzaiz Miguel , Hermanova Ivana , Astobiza Ianire , Graupera Mariona , Starkova Julia , Sutherland James , Barrio Rosa , Aransay Ana M. , Carracedo Arkaitz , Torrano Verónica 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe dysregulation of gene expression is an enabling hallmark of cancer. Computational analysis of transcriptomics data from human cancer specimens, complemented with exhaustive clinical annotation, provides an opportunity to identify core regulators of the tumorigenic process. Here we exploit well-annotated clinical datasets of prostate cancer for the discovery of transcriptional regulators relevant to prostate cancer. Following this rationale, we identify Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) as a prostate tumor suppressor among a subset of transcription factors. Importantly, we further interrogate transcriptomics and clinical data to refine MITF perturbation-based empirical assays and unveil Crystallin Alpha B (CRYAB) as an unprecedented direct target of the transcription factor that is, at least in part, responsible for its tumor-suppressive activity in prostate cancer. This evidence was supported by the enhanced prognostic potential of a signature based on the concomitant alteration of MITF and CRYAB in prostate cancer patients. In sum, our study provides proof-of-concept evidence of the potential of the bioinformatics screen of publicly available cancer patient databases as discovery platforms, and demonstrates that the MITF-CRYAB axis controls prostate cancer biology.