bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Room‐Temperature High‐Conductivity Metal Printing Paradigm with Visible‐Light Projection Lithography
Authors: Yang Xingyun , Sun Mo , Bian Yinxu , He Ximin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFabricating electronic devices require integrating metallic conductors and polymeric insulators in complex structures. Current metal‐patterning methods such as evaporation and laser sintering require vacuum, multistep processes, and high temperature during sintering or postannealing to achieve desirable electrical conductivity, which damages low‐temperature polymer substrates. Here reports a facile ecofriendly room‐temperature metal printing paradigm using visible‐light projection lithography. With a particle‐free reactive silver ink, photoinduced redox reaction occurs to form metallic silver within designed illuminated regions through a digital mask on substrate with insignificant temperature change (<4 °C). The patterns exhibit remarkably high conductivity achievable at room temperature (2.4 × 107 S m−1, ≈40% of bulk silver conductivity) after simple room‐temperature chemical annealing for 1–2 s. The finest silver trace produced reaches 15 µm. Neither extra thermal energy input nor physical mask is required for the entire fabrication process. Metal patterns were printed on various substrates, including polyethylene terephthalate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyimide, Scotch tape, print paper, Si wafer, glass coverslip, and polystyrene. By changing inks, this paradigm can be extended to print various metals and metal–polymer hybrid structures. This method greatly simplifies the metal‐patterning process and expands printability and substrate materials, showing huge potential in fabricating microelectronics with one system.
Self‐Cleaning Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on Tree Crown‐Like Microtube Structure
Authors: Hang Tian , Liu Chenglin , He Gen , Liu Fanmao , Chen Hui‐Jiuan , Yang Chengduan , Wu Jiangming , Xiao Shuai , Wu Qianni , Xie Xi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhotodetectors are extensively applied in a wide range of applications. In particular, hierarchical ZnO micro/nanostructure has achieved promising success in the fields of advanced photodetectors. By utilizing hierarchical structure, development of functional photodetectors with self‐cleaning properties would extend the applications of photodetectors in more severe environments. Recent reports have demonstrated the advantages of nanofabricated surfaces with re‐entrant geometry to obtain superoleophobicity that can repel low surface tension liquids such as biofluids or oils. Inspired by the excellent liquid repellency of re‐entrant geometry, here a self‐cleaning ultraviolet photodetector is reported based on tree crown‐like microtube (TCLMT) structure. The TCLMT consisted of a ZnO microtube‐trunk structure branched with numerous ZnO nanospikes on top, presenting a re‐entrant geometry that effectively repelled water and various biological fluids. The TCLMT is fabricated using a microporous membrane‐templated method, followed by multiple steps of material deposition, plasma etching, and hydrothermal growth. The fluorinated ZnO TCLMT‐based photodetector exhibits excellent photoelectric performance as well as resistance against biofouling solution such as bacterial suspension. This work provides a versatile approach to achieve controlled fabrication of re‐entrant structures with excellent liquid repellent properties as well as extending ZnO‐based photodetectors to be self‐cleaning and resistant to biofouling.
Energy Dissipation in Black Phosphorus Heterostructured Devices
Authors: Ali Fida , Ahmed Faisal , Yang Zheng , Moon Inyong , Lee Myeongjin , Hassan Yasir , Lee Changgu , Yoo Won Jong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) has attracted increasing interest for next‐generation solid‐state device applications due to its unique blend of versatile properties. The ultrathin physique and low thermal conductivity (40–20 Wm−1 K−1) of BP make it susceptible to premature Joule breakdown under moderate electric field induced by inefficient and nonhomogeneous energy dissipation. Here, it is reported that the back‐gate BP device suffers Joule breakdown merely under 4 MV m−1 electric field value with the centrally localized fracture. The spatial micro‐Raman spectroscopy confirms uneven thermal spreading in BP channel with the center being 20% hotter than the lateral ends. Furthermore, to mitigate the early breakdown and uneven spreading, vertical van der Waals structure is assembled. The results show that the vertical BP device exhibits 230 times higher field strength and one order enhancement in power sustainability than those of lateral devices due to the integration of thermally favorable constituent materials and formation of the optimal path for self‐heat removal.
Convenient Access to C10‐ and C11‐(di)arylated dibenzo[b,f]azepines via Palladium‐catalyzed C−H Bonds Cleavages
Authors: Li Haoran , Roisnel Thierry , Soulé Jean‐François , Doucet Henri 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConditions allowing the C10‐ and C11‐arylations of dibenzo[b,f]azepines via successive palladium‐catalyzed reactions are reported. Using aryl bromides as the aryl source, the C10‐arylation of dibenzo[b,f]azepines is very selective. Then, using benzenesulfonyl chlorides as the aryl source, the second arylation at C11‐position is achieved affording non‐symmetrical C10,C11‐diarylated dibenzo[b,f]azepines. Both reactions tolerate a variety of substituents on the aryl source.magnified image
Fluid Shear Stress Induces Drug Resistance to Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel in the Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF7
Authors: Triantafillu Ursula Lea , Park Seungjo , Kim Yonghyun 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are known to have cancer stem cell (CSC) properties and survive physiological conditions of fluid shear stress (FSS). However, current chemotherapy screening techniques do not adequately recapitulate this FSS environment and are not predictive of a drug response. In this study, MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells under FSS are used as an in vitro model of CTCs. The effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel on sheared cells using WST8 assay and stemness (CD44+/CD24−) and apoptosis (Annexin V+/7‐AAD+) using flow cytometry are tested. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction is used to test gene expression. It is shown that suspension‐cultured and FSS treated MCF7 cells increase in drug resistance, especially with DOX. There is a synergistic increase in the CD44+/CD24− CSC‐like population and an increase in drug resistance‐related gene expression in MCF7 cells co‐treated with FSS and drugs. There is also a correlated increase in STAT3 and NANOG expression under FSS. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to suggest that the increase in CSC‐like cells from FSS contributes to drug resistance via the STAT3/NANOG pathway. This increase in CTC drug resistance also highlights the importance of implementing FSS, which is unavailable in current drug screening techniques.
Conducting Bridge Resistive Switching Behaviors in Cubic MAPbI3, Orthorhombic RbPbI3, and Their Mixtures
Authors: Lee SangMyeong , Choi Jaeho , Jeon Jae Bum , Kim Byeong Jo , Han Ji Su , Kim Taemin Ludvic , Jung Hyun Suk , Jang Ho Won 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecently, halide perovskites (HPs), which exhibit resistive switching (RS) behaviors, are proposed as a promising candidate for next‐generation memory because of their low power consumption, low cost, and mechanical flexibility. However, HP‐based memories have crucial problems related to short endurance and vague switching mechanism. Here, the RS behaviors of switchable methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and nonswitchable rubidium lead iodide (RbPbI3) mixtures are reported and it is elucidated on the source of the switching phenomena. By controlling the ratio of rubidium iodide (RbI)/methylammonium iodide (MAI), five compositions of the mixture of RbPbI3 and MAPbI3 (Rb1−xMAxPbI3, x = 0, 0.31, 0.52, 0.71, and 1) films are fabricated. The mixtures of cubic MAPbI3 and orthorhombic RbPbI3 films exhibit excellent performances in Ag/polymethyl methacrylate/Rb1−xMAxPbI3/Pt cells, with endurance of 103 cycles, a high on/off ratio of 106, and an operation speed of 640 µs. Plausible explanations for the switching mechanism are provided based on Ag bridges by using the combination of conductive atomic force microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. It is suggested nonswitchable RbPbI3 contributes to the endurance enhancement by restraining the growth of Ag bridges. The unique approaches provide a new strategy to overcome the bottleneck of the HP‐based RS memories for next‐generation computing.
Development of Next‐Generation Organic‐Based Solar Cells: Studies on Dye‐Sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Murakami Takurou N. , Koumura Nagatoshi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNext‐generation organic solar cells such as dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are studied at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), and their materials, electronic properties, and fabrication processes are investigated. To enhance the performance of DSSCs, the basic structure of an electron donor, π‐electron linker, and electron acceptor, i.e., D–π–A, is suggested. In addition, special organic dyes containing coumarin, carbazole, and triphenylamine electron donor groups are synthesized to find an effective dye structure that avoids charge recombination at electrode surfaces. Meanwhile, PSCs are manufactured using both a coating method and a laser deposition technique. The results of interfacial studies demonstrate that the level of the conduction band edge (CBE) of a compact TiO2 layer is shifted after TiCl4 treatment, which strongly affects the solar cell performance. Furthermore, a special laser deposition system is developed for the fabrication of the perovskite layers of PSCs, which facilitates the control over the deposition rate of methyl ammonium iodide used as their precursor.
Consumer preferences for cage‐free eggs and impacts of retailer pledges
Authors: Lusk Jayson L. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMost large US food retailers and restaurants have made pledges to sell only cage‐free eggs. If the pledges are upheld, about 75% of the egg laying flock will have to be converted to cage‐free by the year 2025. However, it is an open question as to whether the market will support such a change. To address this issue, a national survey of over 2,000 US egg consumers was conducted to estimate cage‐free egg demand among consumers exposed to different types of information. We find a high degree of heterogeneity in willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for cage‐free eggs. Half of the consumers are WTP no more than a $0.30/dozen premium for cage‐free eggs; however, the mean premium is $1.16/dozen, suggesting a small fraction of consumers are willing to pay sizeable amounts for the cage‐free label. Ultimately, the results suggest there is potential for the market‐share for cage‐free eggs to rise above the current state even at premiums as high as $1.00/dozen. However, even at much more modest price premiums, the potential for cage‐free eggs to attain majority market share is unlikely, particularly if conventional eggs advertise other desirable attributes. We also find that retailers who completely remove more affordable, conventional eggs are likely to experience a significant increase in the share of consumers who choose not to buy eggs.
Assessing the microeconomic effects of public subsidies on the performance of firms in the czech food processing industry: A counterfactual impact evaluation
Authors: Dvouletý Ondřej , Blažková Ivana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe effects of European innovation and cohesion policies are very uneven throughout both regions and industries. Moreover, there are often only descriptive impact assessments of individual programmes available. In our study, we respond to this issue through the empirical analysis of the effects of the EU public policy on the example of the Czech food processing industry. We assess the impact of the Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation (OPEI), which took place during the years 2007–2013. We applied counterfactual impact analysis based on firm‐level data with the aim of investigating the effects of this support on the financial performance of the supported enterprises (N = 143, 70% of the supported companies) 2 years after the end of the intervention. The results show a positive effect on the performance of supported firms measured by a price‐cost margin, value added per labour cost, the growth of sales and growth of tangible assets. The study offers several policy implications. First, the policymakers should impose a reporting duty on the supported firms. That would help policymakers to conduct more easily programme evaluations. Second, they should employ the cost‐benefit analysis as a part of the programme evaluations in the future. Third, growth aspirations of the applicants for receiving public subsidies should be taken into account already during the application process.
Is fresh food shopping sticky to retail channels and online platforms? Evidence and implications in the digital era
Authors: Wang H. Holly , Hao Na , Zhou Qingjie , Wetzstein Michael E. , Wang Yong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUsing home‐scan data set from Kantar Worldpanel, we conduct an empirical study on Chinese urban consumer shopping behavior from online and offline channels, using yogurt as an example. Results confirm the advantages of E‐commerce relative to traditional offline retail channel in terms of keeping consumers loyal. Results also indicate the online and offline markets are of different business models, in that the online market is a separate market from offline even for the same brand. There exists evidence of brand loyalty for online shoppers but not offline. However, it is more challenging for online late entrants to build brand loyalty because consumers are price sensitive online. Firms are recommended to think of new and differentiated products online, which focus more on quality instead of price to catch the young generation with increasing income.
Rheokinetic studies and compressive response of high performance polybenzoxazine syntactic foams
Authors: Ullas A. V. , Sharma Pratibha , Kumar Devendra , Roy Prasun Kumar 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTPolybenzoxazines are finding increasing usage in demanding applications where high temperature stability is required, especially in the field of aerospace. In this work, thermally stable bisphenol F‐based polybenzoxazine [poly(BF‐a)] syntactic foams containing varying volume fractions (30–60%) of hollow glass microballoons (HGMs) were prepared and their mechanical response in the quasi‐static regime was established. The effect of introducing glass microballoons on the curing profile of benzoxazine resin was studied using both nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry and rheometry. Temperature‐sweep experiments were performed to arrive at the optimal processing window of the benzoxazine‐glass microballoons formulations, particularly in terms of viscosity, gelation temperature, and time. Thermally accelerated ring‐opening polymerization of the benzoxazine resin led to complete curing of the syntactic foam formulations, as assessed by calorimetric studies. The thermal degradation behavior of the poly(BF‐a)/HGM was studied using thermogravimetric analysis. As expected, the density of the syntactic foam specimens decreased with increasing microballoon content. Maximal increase in the specific compressive properties of the poly(BF‐a)/HGM samples was observed in formulations containing 40% volume fraction of glass microballoons. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47234.
Phase‐separated structures of random methacrylate copolymers with pendant POSS moieties
Authors: Taherzadeh Hossein , Ishida Yoshihito , Kameyama Atsushi 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe phase separation of random methacrylate copolymers with the pendant polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) moieties was studied. For the random copolymers of the phenyl‐substituted POSS methacrylate (PhPOSSMA) and butyl methacrylate (BMA), the layer‐like phase‐separated structures were obtained from the copolymers with over circa 20 wt % of PhPOSSMA after thermal annealing in the bulk. The copolymers with larger PhPOSSMA content over 40 wt % showed periodic phase‐separated structure with the periodic length ranging from 9.0 to 5.1 nm depending on the composition. The phase separation did not occur by solvent annealing in the bulk. On the other hand, no phase‐separated structure was formed from the random copolymer with circa 50 wt % of isobutyl‐substituted POSSMA (i‐BuPOSSMA) and BMA after thermal annealing. In addition, the phase separation did not occur for both of the random copolymers of PhPOSSMA and i‐BuPOSSMA with methyl methacrylate. The resulting phase‐separated structures were well characterized by using wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and transmission electron microscopy image. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47246.
Patchiness in habitat distribution can enhance biological diversity of coastal engineering structures
Authors: Cacabelos Eva , Thompson Richard C. , Prestes Afonso C.L. , Azevedo José Manuel N. , Neto Ana I. , Martins Gustavo M. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Urbanization of coastal habitats is increasing worldwide. However, most man‐made structures are poor surrogates for the habitats they replace and can strongly impact the diversity and functioning of coastal habitats.
The value of coastal engineering can be enhanced by the provision of microhabitats that facilitate colonization by marine life. One step forward is moved in this research by combining species coexistence theory, resource patchiness and applied ecology in order to find ways that maximize the biological diversity of coastal defence structures.
Featureless areas of a seawall were modified by the addition of microhabitats (resource) that were distributed in different configurations of patchiness.
Gastropod diversity peaked at intermediate levels of microhabitat patchiness. This appeared to be driven by different patterns of resource use among species. Gastropods dispersed longer distances on unmodified seawalls than on natural rocky shores, but when microhabitats were added the dispersal decreased. The ability to find microhabitats differed among species.
Our results confirm that patchiness in microhabitat distribution affects biodiversity. The extent of microhabitat patchiness could potentially be tailored by coastal engineers to meet specific conservation priorities: increasing diversity versus increasing number of individuals.
Object‐based image analysis: a review of developments and future directions of automated feature detection in landscape archaeology
Authors: Davis Dylan S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObject‐based image analysis (OBIA) is a method of assessing remote sensing data that uses morphometric and spectral parameters simultaneously to identify features in remote sensing imagery. Over the past 10–15 years, OBIA methods have been introduced to detect archaeological features. Improvements in accuracy have been attained by using a greater number of morphometric variables and multiple scales of analysis. This article highlights the developments that have occurred in the application of OBIA within archaeology and argues that OBIA is both a useful and necessary tool for archaeological research. Additionally, I discuss future research paths using this method. Some of the suggestions put forth here include: pushing for multifaceted research designs utilizing OBIA and manual interpretation, using OBIA methods for directly studying landscape settlement patterns, and increasing data sharing of methods between researchers.
An Idea to Explore: Understanding Redox Reactions in Biochemistry
Authors: Ochs Raymond 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnderstanding redox reactions in biochemistry requires a clear grasp of three definitions: electron exchange, oxidation number, and oxygen atom insertion. Here, the electrochemical cell is explained for redox‐active ions, introducing a new comparison between the measurement of midpoint potential and the measurement of initial velocity for enzymes. Oxygen atom insertion is shown to be of use in readily classifying oxidation states. Finally, the use of several of these ideas is combined into an explanation of proton motive force development in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. © 2018 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 47(1):25–28, 2018.
Health Sector Inadequacies in Attending to Child Survivors of Sexual Abuse in Kenya: An Operations Research
Authors: Ajema Carolyne , Undie Chi‐Chi , Mbugua Charity , Kyongo Jordan , Digolo Lina 
Published: November 2018

In 2015, LVCT Health (a Kenyan non‐governmental organisation) conducted an exploratory study to assess the quality and comprehensiveness of services provided to child survivors of sexual violence at two public health facilities in Kenya. Both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods were used, including a retrospective review of 164 child survivor medical records, a health facility staff inventory, in‐depth interviews with 31 healthcare providers and 19 exit interviews with 14 child survivors and their caregivers. Ethical approval was obtained from two independent ethics committees. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 22, while qualitative data were analysed using NVivo 10 based on a thematic coding framework. The health facility staff inventory indicated that only two out of 581 providers had undergone previous training on the management of child survivors of sexual violence. Both health facilities lacked the appropriate equipment for the collection of forensic evidence from children and private rooms in which to conduct the clinical examination. Providers cited challenges in offering psychosocial support to children. Only 27 per cent of child survivors were documented to have received trauma counselling. There is a need for health facilities to enhance their human resource and infrastructural capacity to facilitate the delivery of comprehensive care to child survivors.‘An exploratory study to assess the quality and comprehensiveness of services provided to child survivors of sexual violence… in Kenya’Key Practitioner Messages

There is a need to develop child‐specific guidelines for healthcare providers in order to ensure that child survivors of sexual violence receive good‐quality services at the facility level.
Healthcare providers in public health facilities need competency‐based training to enable them to acquire knowledge and skills to identify and respond to child survivors of sexual violence, collect evidence, communicate with the children and offer counselling support to child survivors effectively.
Services for child survivors should be centralised in health facilities to minimise the number of different contact points.