bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enantioselective organocatalytic approaches to active pharmaceutical ingredients – selected industrial examples
Authors: Carlone Armando , Bernardi Luca 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Catalysis is, often, the preferred approach to access chiral molecules in enantioenriched form both in academia and in industry; nowadays, organocatalysis is recognised as the third pillar in asymmetric catalysis, along with bio- and metal-catalysis. Despite enormous advancements in academic research, there is a common belief that organocatalysis is not developed enough to be applicable in industry. In this review, we describe a selection of industrial routes and their R&D process for the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients, highlighting how asymmetric organocatalysis brings added value to an industrial process. The thorough study of the steps, driven by economic stimuli, developed and improved chemistry that was, otherwise, believed to not be applicable in an industrial setting. The knowledge discussed in the reviewed papers will be an invaluable resource for the whole research community.
Truncated rank correlation (TRC) as a robust measure of test-retest reliability in mass spectrometry data
Authors: Lim Johan , Yu Donghyeon , Kuo Hsun-chih , Choi Hyungwon , Walmsley Scott 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In mass spectrometry (MS) experiments, more than thousands of peaks are detected in the space of mass-to-charge ratio and chromatographic retention time, each associated with an abundance measurement. However, a large proportion of the peaks consists of experimental noise and low abundance compounds are typically masked by noise peaks, compromising the quality of the data. In this paper, we propose a new measure of similarity between a pair of MS experiments, called truncated rank correlation (TRC). To provide a robust metric of similarity in noisy high-dimensional data, TRC uses truncated top ranks (or top m-ranks) for calculating correlation. A comprehensive numerical study suggests that TRC outperforms traditional sample correlation and Kendall’s τ. We apply TRC to measuring test-retest reliability of two MS experiments, including biological replicate analysis of the metabolome in HEK293 cells and metabolomic profiling of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. An R package trc of the proposed TRC and related functions is available at https://sites.google.com/site/dhyeonyu/software.
Gemeinsame Europäische Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik – Quo Vadis?
Authors: Rudischhauser Wolfgang , Mayer Helena 
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung
Europas Sicherheit ist auf vielfältige Weise bedroht. Die internationale Ordnung geht verloren und Frieden und Sicherheit sind so bedroht wie schon lange nicht mehr. Vor allem durch das aggressivere außenpolitische Auftreten Russlands, das gewachsene Selbstverständnis und die verstärkte Machtprojektion Chinas nach außen, aber auch durch die zunehmend nach innen gerichtete Fokussierung der US-Regierung unter Präsident Donald Trump haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen für die Gemeinsame Europäische Sicherheitspolitik grundlegend verändert. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass auch durch Entwicklungen innerhalb Europas (BREXIT, Populismus, politische Spannungen zwischen Mitgliedsstaaten) die Basis für eine gemeinsame Sicherheitspolitik schrumpft. Neue oder wiederbelebte Instrumente wie die verstärkte strukturierte Zusammenarbeit im Rahmen der gemeinsamen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik (GSVP) können hier einen Beitrag leisten, um in begrenztem Umfang Druck abzufedern. Die bestehenden Instrumente der GSVP müssen aber konsequent und rasch weiterentwickelt werden und die europäische Integration sollte auch auf dem Gebiet der Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik weiter vorangetrieben werden, etwa durch eine schrittweise Abschaffung des Einstimmigkeitsprinzips. Auch ein „Europäischer Sicherheitsrat“ könnte einen ersten Zwischenschritt darstellen. Die NATO wird aber noch auf lange Zeit von großer Bedeutung für Europas Sicherheit bleiben. Militärisch bleiben eine Europäische Armee und selbst eine Armee der Europäer noch in weiter Ferne. Sollten sich die USA tatsächlich von Europa abwenden, wird aber am Ende nur ein geeintes und starkes Europa mit einer gemeinsamen Verteidigungs- und Sicherheitspolitik die diesen Namen wirklich verdient, mit dem langfristigen Ziel einer europäischen Armee in der Lage sein, seine Sicherheit und Werte gemeinsam und dauerhaft selbst zu verteidigen.
The loss of case system in Ardeshen Laz and its morphosyntactic consequences
Authors: Öztürk Balkız 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Pazar (Atina) and Ardeshen are the two western dialects of Laz spoken in Turkey. Pazar exhibits alternating case patterns for arguments depending on their semantic denotation, while Ardeshen has lost its morphological case system. Yet, both dialects make use of a rich verbal agreement system. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the absence of case morphology on Ardeshen with specific emphasis on subjecthood. We will argue that Pazar Laz, retaining differentiated case marking for the subjects, typologically constitutes a clear example of Initiation-language. Ardeshen, on the other hand, has lost some of the Initiation-language properties available in Pazar, which we will argue to be correlated with the loss of its morphological case system.
Correlation between Microstructural Features and Tensile Properties in Near-α Titanium Alloy IMI 834 Processed in the α + β Regime
Authors: Balasundar I. , Raghu T. , Kashyap B. P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The mechanical properties of titanium alloys are highly sensitive to the morphology, topology, and dimensions of the α and β phases present in the material. An attempt has been made here to systematically evaluate the effect of heat treatment parameters, that is, solution treatment temperature and cooling rate, on the microstructure and room temperature tensile properties of a near-α titanium alloy IMI 834. Seven important microstructural features that affect the mechanical properties of a near-α titanium alloy IMI 834 processed in the α + β regime were quantified and used to establish a direct microstructure-mechanical property correlation with the aid of artificial neural network. The established neural network has been used to evaluate and understand the effect of each individual microstructural feature on the tensile property of the material. The results obtained are presented and discussed here.
Morphological variation of four species of Strongyloides (Nematoda, Rhabditida) parasitising various mammal species
Authors: Gugosyan Y. A. , Boyko O. O. , Brygadyrenko V. V. 
Published: May 2019

Study of the morphologic peculiarities of free-living stages of nematodes of the Strongyloides genus is important in differential diagnostics of pathogens. We studied the parasite of goats (Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus, 1758) – Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856); the parasite of horses (Equus ferus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) – S. westeri Ihle, 1917; the parasite of swine (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 ) – S. ransomi Schwartz & Alicata, 1930; the parasite of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) – S. stercoralis (Bavay, 1876). Rhabditiform larvae (L1, L2), filarial larvae (L3), mature males (M) and free-living females (F) were analyzed for each of the four species by five morphological parameters: body length (Lb), total maximum body width (Sb), length of the esophagus (Lo), length of the intestine (Le), length of the tail end (Lc); for females, we additionally examined length from the head end to the vulva (Lv) and the number of formed eggs in the uterus cavity (E), and for males – length of spicules (Ls). First stage larvae of S. papillosus and S. stercoralis significantly differed in all parameters, and first stage larvae of S. westeri and S. stercoralis significantly differed in four out of five parameters. By indices of ratios of total maximum body width (Sb) to body length (Lb), length of the esophagus (Lo) to length of the intestine (Le), length of the tail end (Lc) to body length (Lb), length of the intestine (Le) to body length (Lb), a reliable difference was recorded between L1 of S. papillosus and S. ransomi, L3 of S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. westeri and S. ransomi, between males of S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. westeri and S. stercoralis, between females of S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. papillosus and S. stercoralis. All four examined species were observed to have reliable differences of ratio of length of esophagus to length of intestine in third stage larvae.
Organophosphorus-Based Organic / Inorganic
Hybrids
Authors: Vioux André , Hubert Mutin P. , Le Bideau Jean , Leclercq Dominique 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper is a concise review of some recent works which highlights the
interest of phosphonate groups RP (O)32- in the field of organic/inorganic hybrid materials, as a
general alternative to silicon coupling agents in anchoring of an organic
group to an inorganic support or within an inorganic network. Examples,
focused on metals of groups 4 and 13, illustrate various synthetic routes,
from the hydrothermal synthesis of two- or three-dimensional metal
phosphonates, to the introduction of organic moieties into oxide matrices by
sol-gel processing, without excluding the grafting of metal oxide
surfaces.
Phosphonate Modified Titanium Alkoxides: Intermediates in the
Sol-Gel Processing of Novel Titania / Phosphonate Inorganic-Organic
Hybrids
Authors: Hubert Mutin P. , Mehring Michael , Guerrero Gilles , Vioux André 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWe are currently developing a 2-step sol-gel route to metal oxide /
phosphonate hybrid materials, based on the non-hydrolytic condensation of a
metal alkoxide with a phosphonic acid, followed by hydrolysis / condensation
of the remaining alkoxy groups. Several molecular intermediates in this
process were obtained by reaction of Ti(OiPr)4 with
phosphonic acids RPO3H2(R = Me, Ph,
tBu):[Ti4(OiPr)2(tBuPO3)]4(1),[Ti4(μ3-O)(OiPr)5(μ-OiPr)3(PhPO3)3]·DMSO
(2),
[Ti4(μ3-O)(OiPr)5(μ-OiPr)3(MePO3)3]·DMSO
(3),
[Ti4(μ3-O)(OiPr)5(μ-OiPr)3(tBuPO3)3]·DMSO
(4), which were characterized by single crystal X-ray structure analysis
and/or NMR spectroscopy. These compounds give information on the sol-gel
chemistry in our process and are structural models for the final hybrid
materials. In all cases the non-hydrolytic condensation is complete, and the
phosphoryl oxygen is coordinated to a titanium atom. In addition, these
clusters are soluble in common organic solvents and contain hydrolyzable
alkoxy groups, which make them potential building blocks in the sol gel
process. Accordingly, the use of cluster 2 as a single source precursor was
investigated.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (PMOs): Nanostructured
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials
Authors: Asefa Tewodros , Coombs Neil , Dag Ömer , Grondey Hiltrud , MacLachlan Mark J. , Ozin Geoffrey A. , Yoshina-Ishii Chiaki 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTLateral thinking in biomimetic materials chemistry has permitted chemists to
create fascinating structures that mimic the biomaterials optimized by
Nature. The integration of organic and inorganic chemistry at multiple
length scales gives optimal performance characteristics to biomaterials,
such as bone. In a similar fashion, lateral thinking in our lab has enabled
us to consolidate the chemistry of inorganic surfactant-templated mesoporous
materials with the organic-inorganic hybrid structure of amorphous xerogels.
A new class of materials, periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs), has
emerged that marries organic and solid-state chemistry in the channels of
hexagonally ordered mesoporous materials. Various organic and organometallic
groups may be integrated into the framework, creating materials with novel,
tunable properties. Surfactant can be solvent-extracted or ion-exchanged to
create a high surface area PMO with the framework and the organic group
intact. This renders the organic groups accessible for reaction to give a
new type of “chemistry of the channels”.
Multifunctional Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Rentrop Corné H.A. , Batenburg Lawrence F. , Van Dam Roelant A. , Hogerheide Marinus P. , Meinema Harry A. , Gielgens Leon H. , Fischer Hartmut R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTMultifunctional nanocomposite coatings and bulk materials have been
developed on the basis of a combination of purely organic, as well as hybrid
organic-inorganic polymeric matrices and anisotropic synthetic and natural
clays. The clays have been chemically modified in such a way that they
became compatible to the polymeric matrices. Clay platelets may be separated
by modification with an organic molecule that contains two or more charged
functional groups. The cations or anions located between the clay sheets are
exchanged with one of these organic functional groups, which results in the
formation of clay platelets “coated” with charges, thereby causing a
molecular dispersion. Depending on the nature of the organic molecule
colored or colorless coatings and polymeric bulk materials, containing
homogeneously dispersed separated clay platelets, have been obtained.While retaining the basic functional properties of the materials new and/or
improved properties have been introduced. This concerns in particular
improved barrier properties, such as a decreased permeability for oxygen and
water, improved corrosion resistance and increased thermal stability.The composition of the wet coating systems is such that they can be properly
applied and thermally or photo-chemically cured on various substrates such
as glass, steel, aluminum and plastics. The bulk materials can be processed
into final product shapes by conventional polymer processing techniques.
Broadband Dielectric Relaxation of Polymer Composite
Films
Authors: Chiang C.K. , Popielarz Roman , Nozaki Ryusuke , Obrzut Jan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThe broadband dielectric relaxation of a BaTiO3-polymer composite
film was studied. The complex dielectric constant data from 10-4
Hz to 1010 Hz reveals the existence of relaxation process at
frequency of 10 MHz in the polymer composite. On the basis of Cole-Cole
analysis, the relaxation time of the system is of order of 10-8
s. The understanding of the broad dispersion in dielectric behavior of
polymer composite materials is needed to support next generation electronic
devices used in wireless communication and related applications.
Patterned Functional Arrays by Selective
De-Wetting
Authors: Fan Hongyou , Doshi Dhaval , Lu Yunfeng , Lopez Gabriel P. , Jeffrey Brinker C. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTUsing a micro-Contact Printing (μ-CP) technique, substrates are prepared
with patterns of hydrophilic, hydroxyl-terminated SAMs and hydrophobic
methyl-terminated SAMs. Beginning with a homogeneous solution of silica,
surfactant, ethanol, water, and functional silane, preferential ethanol
evaporation during dip-coating, causes water enrichment and selective
de-wetting of the hydrophobic SAMs. Correspondingly, film deposition occurs
exclusively on the patterned hydrophilic SAMs. In addition, by
co-condensation of tetrafunctional silanes (Si(OR)4) with
tri-functional organosilanes ((RO)3Si
(CH2)3NH2), we have selectively derived
the silica framework with functional amine NH2 groups. A pH
sensitive, micro-fluidic system was formed by further conjugation reactions
with pH sensitive dye molecules.
Some Scattering Results on Organic-Inorganic Composites
Authors: Mark J. E. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTA number of investigations are described to illustrate the use of small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering to characterize the structures of organic-inorganic composites. The organic phase in these materials is typically a polymer such as poly (dimethylsiloxane), and the inorganic phase a ceramic such as silica or titania (obtained by in-situ hydrolysis and condensation of an organosilane or organotitanate in the usual sol-gel approach). Other inorganic phases of interest include porous materials such as zeolites or Vycor glass. A major goal in such investigations is to correlate the structures of the composites with the synthetic techniques used to prepare them, and with the mechanical properties they exhibit. Carrying out scattering measurements as a function of time can also be used to obtain kinetic results on the sol-gel reactions used to generate the dispersed phase.
Efeitos Práticos da Gestão no Valor Acionário da Petrobras
Authors: Cordeiro Júnior Edson Carlos , Penedo Antonio Sergio Torres , Pereira Vinícius Silva 
Published: May 2019

Diante das frequentes notícias de crimes envolvendo grandes organizações do primeiro e segundo setor e perante o notório dano social que estas são capazes de causar, este trabalho pretende iluminar o lado obscuro das organizações, identificar qual é o elemento principal desta face obscura, fomentando a discussão sobre a temática, por entender que esta é necessária para a repressão deste tipos de crime. Para tanto será utilizada a perspectiva da teoria organizacional sobre a ótica da crítica teórica no interesse de identificar o atual ponto de coalizão teórica e quais são os efeitos práticos da gestão criminosa no valor acionário das organizações.	Por essa razão, este trabalho retratará o impacto dos crimes corporativos no valor da ação negociada em bolsa de valores, será feita uma referência aos crimes organizacionais, expondo alguns termos e argumentos de pesquisadores sobre estes crimes. Pretende-se verificar e demonstrar o resultado prático no valor das organizações quando o seu lado obscuro aflora. Em espécie será verificado quais os danos sofridos em valor de ações e se estes são permanentes, quando da prática criminosa. Para tanto, será realizado um comparativo entre o valor da ação ordinária da Empresa Estatal Petrobras, negociadas na B³ durante cada uma das primeiras 47 fases da operação Lava Jato realizada pela Polícia Federal do Brasil, verificando o efeito negativo quantitativo desta investigação no valor da ação ordinária e se este é permanente. Após a obtenção dos resultados pretende-se esclarecer se as organizações têm mesmo um lado obscuro ou se é apenas mais um reflexo da má gestão.
SIMULASI LINTASAN BERKAS ION ISOTOP ISOTOP KARBON DALAM SIKLOTRON DECY-13
Authors: Anggraita Pramudita 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAK SIMULASI LINTASAN BERKAS ION BERBAGAI ISOTOP KARBON DALAM SIKLOTRON DECY-13. Telah dilakukan simulasi lintasan berkas ion berbagai isotop ion karbon 12C, 13C, dan 14C dalam siklotron DECY-13 menggunakan perangkat lunak Scilab 5.4.1. Perhitungan simulasi dilakukan secara iterasi dalam 3 dimensi. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan pemisahan lintasan yang memungkinkan untuk pengukuran 14C seperti pada pertanggalan karbon dengan frekuensi tegangan pemercepat sekitar 72 MHz.
OPTIMASI ARUS BERKAS ELEKTRON PLASMA DAN PENENTUAN HARGA PARAMETER PLASMA DALAM BEJANA GENERATOR PLASMA
Authors: Purwadi Agus 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRAK OPTIMASI ARUS BERKAS ELEKTRON PLASMA DAN PENENTUAN HARGA PARAMETER PLASMA DALAM BEJANA GENERATOR PLASMA. Bejana Generator Plasma (BGP) merupakan salah satu komponen utama unit perkakas Sumber Elektron Katoda Plasma (SEKP), besar arus berkas elektron plasma dalam BGP akan mempengaruhi perolehan kualitas arus berkas elektron pada perkakas SEKP. Telah dilakukan optimasi arus berkas elektron plasma dan penentuan harga parameter plasma dalam BGP. BGP dibuat dari bahan SS 304 bentuk silinder dengan diameter 4,00 cm dan panjang 48,75 cm. Optimasi arus berkas elektron plasma dalam BGP dilakukan pada tegangan keluaran ignitor 12 kV untuk sistem IDPS (Ignitor Discharge Power Supply) dan tegangan anoda pemercepat 1 kV untuk sistem ADPS (Arc Discharge Power Supply), sedang tekanan gas kerja/gas argon divariasi dari orde 10-4 mbar (PAr = 4,4´10-4 mbar) sampai dengan orde 10-3 mbar (PAr = 2,4´10-3 mbar). Dari hasil eksperimen telah diperoleh besar arus berkas elektron optimum sebesar IADPS-Opt.= 164,80 A pada tekanan gas argon PAr orde 10-4 mbar dan parameter plasma yang diperoleh dalam BGP adalah kerapatan elektron plasma ne = (1,684´1020) partikel/m3, suhu elektron plasma Te = (9,788 ´104) K = 8,44 eV, panjang Debye λD ≈ 0,17 mm dan tebal sheath plasma ds ≈ 6,00 mm.
Analysis and characterization of PV module defects by thermographic inspection
Authors: Gallardo-Saavedra Sara , Hernández-Callejo Luis , Duque-Perez Oscar 
Published: May 2019

Being able to detect, to identify and to quantify the severity of defects that appear within photovoltaic modules is essential to constitute a reliable, efficient and safety system, avoiding energy losses, mismatches and safety issues. The main objective of this paper is to perform an in-depth, onsite study of 17,142 monocrystalline modules to detect every single existing defect, classifying them in different groups, studying the variance of the same kind of defect in different modules and the patterns of each group of thermal defects. Results can be useful in a subsequent development of a software to automatically detect if a module has an anomaly and its classification. Focusing on the results obtained, all faults detected have been classified in five different thermographic defects modes: hotspot in a cell, bypass circuit overheated, hotspot in the junction box, hotspot in the connection of the busbar to the junction box and whole module overheated. An analysis of patterns of the different defects is included, studiyng location within the module, size and temperature statistical results, as average temperature, standard deviation, maximum temperature, median and first and third quartile.
Evaluation of high rate sedimentation lab-scale tank performance in drinking water treatment
Authors: Vesga-Rodríguez Claudia Patricia , Donado-Garzón Leonardo David , Weber-Shirk Monroe 
Published: May 2019

The Cornell University AguaClara program researches ways to improve the process of potable water treatment at low cost and no energy dependent. A High Rate Sedimentation (HRS) process that uses upward flow and less area than traditional tanks was investigated. The objective was to analyze parameters affecting HRS tank performance including velocity, density of the floc blanket and location of plate settlers in a laboratory scale HRS tank. Different velocities were set during the experiment, and the resulting performance of the floc blanket was evaluated through continuous turbidity measurements. Results demonstrated that the lab-scale tank allows the creation of a floc blanket and is a versatile design with constraints of visibility and accessibility. In addition, performance of the sedimentation tank improves at lower up flow velocities; however, the study suggests that plate settlers at the top of the tank stabilized the floc blanket at higher velocities, as a consequence of denser floc blankets created by the plates.