bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of indigo carmine angiography in patients with critical limb ischemia: Prospective multi‐center intervention study (DIESEL‐study)
Authors: Higashimori Akihiro , Takahara Mitsuyoshi , Utsunomiya Makoto , Fukunaga Masashi , Kawasaki Daizo , Mori Shinsuke , Takimura Hideyuki , Hirano Keisuke , Tsubakimoto Yoshinori , Nakama Tatsuya , Yokoi Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the efficacy of indigo carmine angiography for wound healing after successful below‐the‐knee intervention in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI).MethodsA multi‐center prospective intervention study was conducted. Fifty‐four limbs of 53 patients in Rutherford categories 5 and 6 underwent endovascular therapy (EVT). After successful EVT, 5 mL of indigo carmine was injected through a catheter at the distal popliteal artery and color changes in the foot were evaluated. The results of indigo carmine angiography were divided into three groups: In type I, the color change of the wound was deeper than the surrounding tissue; in type II, the change in wound color was similar to the surrounding tissue; and in type III, no discoloration of the wound was observed by the indigo carmine.ResultsThe wound healing rates at 3 months were 78% (25/32) for type I, 70% (7/10) for type II, and 42% (5/12) for type III (P for trend = 0.025). Indigo carmine angiography‐related complications were not seen.ConclusionIndigo carmine angiography was found to be a safe and useful procedure to provide visual information on foot perfusion. This dye coloring method demonstrated that after successful angioplasty, the perfused area was made visible at the microcirculation level. Indigo carmine angiography can thus be considered an important predictor for wound healing by EVT in patients with CLI.
Contemporary use of and outcomes associated with ultra‐low contrast volume in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Gurm Hitinder S. , Seth Milan , Dixon Simon R. , Michael Grossman P. , Sukul Devraj , Lalonde Thomas , Cannon Louis , West Daniel , Madder Ryan D. , Adam Lauver D. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe risk of contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) increases in a nonlinear fashion with increasing volume of contrast media. Prior studies recommend limiting contrast volume to less than three times the estimated creatinine clearance (CC). Recently, a number of operators have reported successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using even lower volumes of contrast.ObjectivesTo evaluate the prevalence and outcomes associated with ultra‐low contrast volume among patients undergoing PCI.MethodsWe assessed the prevalence and outcomes associated with use of ultra‐low contrast volume among 75 393 patients undergoing PCI in Michigan between July 2014 and June 2017 in the BMC2 (Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium) registry. Ultra‐low contrast volume was defined as contrast volume less than or equal to the patient's estimated CC. Patients receiving dialysis at the time of the procedure were excluded.ResultsUltra‐low contrast volume was used in 13% of procedures with the majority of these patients being at low risk of renal complications. Compared with patients who received a contrast volume between one and three times the CC, use of ultra‐low volume of contrast was associated with a significantly lower incidence of AKI (aOR 0.682, 95% CI 0.566–0.821, P < 0.001) and a lower incidence of need for dialysis (aOR = 0.341, 95% CI 0.165–0.704, P = 0.003). These benefits were most evident in the patients with a high baseline predicted risk of AKI.ConclusionsA small but clinically significant number of patients are treated with ultra‐low contrast volume. Ultra‐low contrast volume use is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of AKI or need for dialysis. It may be prudent to consider this new threshold when performing PCI on patients who are at an increased risk of AKI.
A Highly‐Efficient KF‐Modified Nanorod Support Zr−Ce Oxide Catalyst and its Application
Authors: Tang Hongjuan , Li Yongfei , Liu Ning , Fu Lin , Liu Yuejin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA novel KF‐modified nanorod support Zr−Ce oxide as an efficient solid base catalyst was prepared. XRD, FT‐IR, CO2‐TPD, TEM‐EDS, and Raman were employed for the catalyst characterization. The results showed that the appropriate activation temperature could facilitate the insertion of K+ into the vacancy sites of the ZrO2−CeO2 nanorod support, and some new strong basic active sites of K3Zr2F11, KCe2F9, Ce2Zr2O7 were generated with the addition of KF on the mixed ZrO2−CeO2 support. The prepared KF/ZrO2−CeO2 as a solid base catalyst exhibited high activity and stability for transesterification of soybean oil with methanol to biodiesel. The high biodiesel yield of 99.8 % was obtained under the following conditions: 15 wt % KF loading amount, calcination temperature 400 °C, molar ratio of methanol/oil 20 : 1, 5 wt % catalyst account (wt/wt oil), reaction time 5 h at 65 °C. The formation of basic active sites of the KF/ZrO2−CeO2 catalyst and the mechanism for the catalytic reaction were explored.
Durability Testing of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production under Day/Night Light Cycled Conditions
Authors: Bae Dowon , Seger Brian , Hansen Ole , Vesborg Peter C. K. , Chorkendorff Ib 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis work investigates long‐term photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution (82 days) in 1 M HClO4 using a TiO2:H protected crystalline Si‐based photocathode with metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (MOS) junctions. It is shown that day/night cycling leads to relatively rapid performance degradation while the photocurrent under the continuous light condition is relatively stable. We observed that the performance loss is mainly due to contamination of the catalytically active surface with carbonaceous material. By ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, we also observed that the activity can be restored, most likely due to photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds by the UV light excited TiO2 protection layer.
Activating Transition Metal Dichalcogenides by Substitutional Nitrogen‐Doping for Potential ORR Electrocatalysts
Authors: Singh Yashpal , Back Seoin , Jung Yousung 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOne of the challenging goals in the large‐scale realization of hydrogen‐based fuel cells is to replace or minimize the use of expensive Pt‐based electrocatalysts to reduce molecular oxygen at the cathode. Recently, non‐metal doped nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as a promising Pt‐free electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, we investigate the potential of nitrogen‐ and phosphorus‐ (N‐ and P‐) doped TMDs (MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2) as high‐performing electrocatalysts for ORR using first principle calculations, motivated by recent experimental advances to incorporate single S/Se vacancies on the surface of TMD monolayers using electrochemical methods. We observed a strong hybridization of p‐orbitals of N/P atom with the p‐ and d‐orbitals of neighbouring S/Se and Mo/W atoms, respectively, activating pristine TMDs by increasing density of states near Fermi‐level. Based on the free energy profiles of the four‐electron reduction process, we expect that N‐TMDs to be efficient in catalyzing ORR, whereas, too strong binding of reaction intermediates prevents ORR on P‐TMDs. Among the candidates considered, N‐WS2 is found to be a promising TMD as ORR catalyst with the overpotential as low as 0.31 V, stimulating further experimental studies.
In Water and under Mild Conditions: α‐Alkylation of Ketones with Alcohols by Phase‐Transfer‐Assisted Borrowing Hydrogen Catalysis
Authors: Rakers Lena , Schäfers Felix , Glorius Frank 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBorrowing hydrogen is a powerful and green technique that allows readily available alcohols to be used as alkylating agents and produces water as the only by‐product. Nevertheless, harsh conditions such as high temperatures and organic solvents are usually required. Herein, we present a strategy to perform the α‐alkylation of ketones in aqueous media at mild temperatures by combining borrowing hydrogen with phase‐transfer catalysis. A broad scope of methyl ketones was functionalized with alkyl and benzyl alcohols in moderate to good yields at 40 °C. The protocol was also highly effective at large scale and room temperature.
Characterization of hospitalized cardiovascular patients with suspected heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia
Authors: Stoll Felicitas , Gödde Miriel , Leo Albrecht , Katus Hugo A. , Müller Oliver J. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), a pro‐thrombotic, potentially life‐threatening immune‐mediated reaction to heparin exposure, in conservative and interventional cardiovascular medicine.HypothesisThe 4T score, validated for prediction of HIT in surgical patients before, is also suitable for assessing HIT probability in cardiovascular patients with unclear thrombocytopenia.MethodsA total of 403 consecutive patients from our Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology in whom a HIT screening test was performed between 2009 and 2016 were identified. All 72 patients with a positive screening test were subjected to a functional confirmation test (heparin‐induced platelet activation test, HIPA), resulting in 23 patients with serologically confirmed HIT (positive screening test, positive HIPA) and 49 patients with nonconfirmed HIT (positive screening test, negative HIPA).ResultsThe 4TScore had a sensitivity of 82.6% and a specificity of 28.6% in our patients, suggesting that it might not sufficiently predict the clinical probability of HIT in cardiovascular patients. In both confirmed and nonconfirmed HIT, intrahospital mortality was high without a significant difference (30% in confirmed HIT vs 43% in nonconfirmed HIT). Bacteremia was more often found in patients with nonconfirmed HIT, suggesting infection as a frequent differential diagnosis of thrombocytopenia in these patients (49% vs 17%, P = 0.0185).ConclusionHIT screening should be initiated in cardiovascular patients with unclear thrombocytopenia despite a low 4Tscore in order to distinguish patients requiring alternative anticoagulants from those with other causes such as infections. Further research is needed to specify the risk profile for HIT in cardiovascular patients.
Thyroid stimulating hormone elevation as a predictor of long‐term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Seo Suk Min , Koh Yoon‐Seok , Park Hun‐Jun , Kim Dong Bin , Her Sung Ho , Lee Jong Min , Park Chul Soo , Kim Pum‐Joon , Kim Hee Yeol , Yoo Ki Dong , Jeon Doo Soo , Ahn Young Keun , Jeong Myung Ho , Chung Wook Sung , Seung Ki‐Bae 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundHypothyroidism has been known to be associated with hyperlipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Elevation of thyroid‐stimulation hormone (TSH) is a gold standard to detect these conditions. However, no large studies have investigated the association between TSH elevation and long‐term clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).HypothesisHypothyroidism is associated with higher mortality in patients with AMI.MethodsA total of 4748 AMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug‐eluting stents were consecutively enrolled. We analyzed 1977 patients whose thyroid function data available after the exclusion of hyperthyroidism and possible central hypothyroidism. Patients were divided into two groups; euthyroid group (n = 1846) with normal TSH and normal free thyroxine (FT4); hypothyroidism group (n = 131) with elevated TSH and normal or low FT4. The two groups were subsequently compared with their all‐cause and cardiac mortalities.ResultsMedian follow‐up duration was 3.5 years. Hypothyroidism group were older, included in more females, and had higher incidences of atrial fibrillation, stroke, and renal dysfunction. Elevated TSH was associated with significantly higher all‐cause mortality (26.0% vs 11.7%, P < 0.0001) and cardiac mortality (9.2% vs 4.6%, P = 0.014). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model identified that TSH elevation was a significant predictor of all‐cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.560, 95% confidence interval 1.017 to 2.392, P = 0.041).ConclusionsOur data suggest that AMI patients with TSH elevation had worse clinical outcome. Moreover, TSH elevation was a predictor of all‐cause mortality in patients with AMI.
Increased risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Hu Wei‐Syun , Lin Cheng‐Li 
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveThe objective was to compare the rate of onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as compared with controls.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study on national health registry comparing the incidence of AF between a cohort of 15 670 BPH patients and a propensity‐matched cohort of 15 670 control patients. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were performed to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of incident AF associated with BPH. A subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the risk of AF among BPH patients whether they received a BPH surgery or not as compared with those without BPH.ResultsWe found a 4.77 incidence rate per 1000 person‐years in the BPH group, compared to 3.76 in the control group. After controlling for the confounders, a significant association between BPH and risk of incident AF was shown with an adjusted HR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.11‐1.28) and this association was attenuated once surgical intervention for BPH has been applied (adjusted HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76‐0.97).ConclusionsThis study supported the notion that BPH is associated with greater AF occurrence.
Left atrial size and function in a South Asian population and their potential influence on the risk of atrial fibrillation
Authors: O'Neill James , Swoboda Peter P. , Plein Sven , Tayebjee Muzahir H. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSouth Asians have a low prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with Caucasians despite having a higher prevalence of conventional risk factors for the arrhythmia. The reason for this disparity is uncertain but may be due to ethnic differences in atrial morphology. This study examines the association between ethnicity and left atrial (LA) size and function in South Asian and Caucasian subjects using the reference technique of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).HypothesisSouth Asians have smaller LA size and therefore increased LA function.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study of 60 South Asian and 60 Caucasian patients who had undergone a clinically indicated MRI between April 2010 and October 2017 and had been found to have a structurally normal heart. LA and left ventricular (LV) volume and function were assessed and compared between the ethnicities.ResultsIn comparison with Caucasians, South Asians had significantly lower minimum (27.7 ± 11.1 mL vs 34.9 ± 12.3 mL, P = 0.002) and maximum LA volumes (64.7 ± 21.1 mL vs 80.9 ± 22.5 mL, P < 0.001), lower LV end‐diastolic volume (P < 0.001), lower LV stroke volume (P < 0.001), and lower LV mass (P = 0.022) and these values remained significant after correcting for body surface area. Further analysis revealed that LA volume was independently associated with South Asian ethnicity. There was no difference in LA function between the ethnic groups.ConclusionsSouth Asians have reduced LA volumes and a proportionally smaller heart size in comparison to Caucasians. Smaller LA size may protect against the development of AF by reducing the risk of reentrant circuit formation and atrial fibrosis development.
Glomerular filtration rate: A prognostic marker in atrial fibrillation—A subanalysis of the AntiThrombotic Agents Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Proietti Riccardo , Gonzini Lucio , Pizzimenti Giovanni , Ledda Antonietta , Sanna Pietro , AlTurki Ahmed , Russo Vincenzo , Lencioni Mauro ,   on behalf of ATA‐AF Investigators
Published: August 2018

ObjectiveAn increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity has been widely reported in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). In this study, a subanalysis of the AntiThrombotic Agents Atrial Fibrillation (ATA‐AF) is performed with the aim to evaluate estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as an independent prognostic marker of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in patients with AF.Methods and ResultsThe ATA‐AF study enrolled 7148 patients with AF, in 360 Italian centers. The eGFR was calculated from data reported in patient notes or hospital database. This post‐hoc analysis included 1097 AF patients with eGFR data available and 1‐year clinical follow‐up. The endpoint was assessed as cardiovascular mortality and/or hospital admission for cardiovascular causes at follow‐up. Patients were also divided in two groups according to the eGFR (<60 and ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). The Kaplan‐Meyer curve for the mentioned endpoint showed a higher endpoint incidence in the group of patient with eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P < 0.001). Using multivariate analysis (Cox regression), a trend toward a higher rate of occurrence of the primary endpoint was observed for eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 without reaching the conventional level of statistical significance (hazard ratio [HR] 1.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99‐1.99; P = 0.0572). When eGFR was included in the analysis as continuous variable a significant correlation was observed with the combined endpoint at the Cox regression (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98‐0.99, P = 0.04).ConclusionThe result of this post‐hoc analysis indicates that an impaired eGFR is independently associated with worse prognosis among patients with AF.
Crystallizing Galactocele: A rare entity—report of two cases
Authors: Umasankar P. , Lakshmi Priya U. , Sideeque Asiq 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGalactocele is a common lesion occurring during pregnancy or lactation. It is a benign cystic breast lesion containing milk. On Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, milky fluid is aspirated, and cytology shows paucicellular aspirate with foamy macrophages and occasional apocrine cells in a proteinaceous fluid background. Rarely, the contents of galactocele can crystallize giving rise to an entity of crystallizing galactocele. Crystallizing galactocele is a rare entity, and to the best of our knowledge, less than 10 cases have been reported in the literature.
Novel cytomorphologic characteristics suggesting human papillomavirus infection in patients diagnosed as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and a comparison of diagnostic performance of three human papillomavirus tests
Authors: Jin Min‐Sun , Lee Hyebin , Kim Min A. , Park In Ae , Lee Chul , An Hyoung Jin , Shim Bobae , Moon Ji Hye , Won Jae Kyung , Ryu Han Suk 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAlthough the Papanicolaou (Pap) test is the first‐line screening method for cervical cancer, it has low sensitivity for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐infected cervical lesion compared to the HPV test. The aims of this study are to determine novel cytomorphologic parameters for HPV infection in patients previously diagnosed as negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM) and to comparatively analyze the detection performance of 3 HPV tests: nested PCR, the DNA Chip test, and the Liquid Beads Microarray (LBMA) assay.MethodsIn total, 232 patients diagnosed with NILM were enrolled and assessed using 8 cytomorphologic parameters.ResultsSix non‐classical cytomorphologic features were identified as novel characteristics suggesting HPV infection in patients initially diagnosed with NILM. A combination of these 6 variables showed the best predictive performance for HPV infection (area under the curve, 0.722). In terms of diagnostic ability, the LBMA assay showed better performance in detection of HPV infection (39.7%) in NILM cases compared to the other tests.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the novel cytomorphologic features used in this study can be used as supportive morphologic parameters to increase the sensitivity of cytological screening tests. The LBMA assay could be used as an advanced method for HPV detection.
Role of FNAC in diagnosing lesions of hand and wrist
Authors: Goyal Aditi , Pathak Priya , Sharma Pooja , Sharma Sonal 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundSwellings in the hand and wrist are frequently encountered in clinical practice and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is used as a primary diagnostic modality in most of them. A wide spectrum of lesions can be encountered at these sites. The aim of this study was to report the prevalence and spectrum of hand and wrist lesions and evaluate the diagnostic role of FNAC.MethodsAll the patients who presented with palpable lesions in the hand or wrist between January 2011 and July 2016 were reviewed, retrospectively.Results1312 cases were subjected to FNAC of hand and wrist swellings, of which 1136 (86.6%) cases were satisfactory. Age ranged from 5 months to 90 years with M: F = 0.7:1. 138 (12.1%) were diagnosed as inflammatory lesions, 875 (77.0%) as benign, non‐neoplastic (tumor‐like) lesions and 123 (10.8%) were neoplastic lesions. The inflammatory lesions included 75 cases of synovitis, 30 cases of tuberculosis, 28 cases of abscess, one case of cysticercosis, two cases of gout, and fat necrosis each. In the benign, non‐neoplastic (tumor‐like) lesions, the most common lesion was ganglion (775 cases). The neoplastic lesions included 78 benign lesions with the most common being giant cell tumor of tendon sheath (61 cases). There were 40 cases of mesenchymal lesions, four cases of appendageal tumors and one case of malignancy (squamous cell carcinoma). Mesenchymal lesions accounted for 3.5% (40/1136) cases.ConclusionFNAC is very useful and simple investigation for early diagnosis of lesions of hand and wrist. The lesions encountered at these sites most commonly are benign.
Cytologic diagnosis of adenocarcinoma on bile duct brushings in the presence of stent associated changes: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Goyal Abha , Sharaiha Reem Z. , Alperstein Susan A. , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundBile duct brushing (BDB) cytology, for the characterization of bile duct strictures, can be challenging to interpret when associated with a stent. Our study aims to identify the cytologic criteria for the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma in BDBs in the presence of a stent.MethodsA database search (January 2010‐December 2015) identified three groups of BDBs—negative with stent, malignant with stent, malignant without stent. All malignant cases had histologic and/or cytologic evidence of malignancy within 1 month of the brushing sample. All reactive cases had ≥6 months of benign clinical follow‐up. ThinPrep slides were reviewed by two cytopathologists and cytologic features were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe study cohort included 12 reactive cases with stent, 17 malignant cases with stent and 32 malignant cases without stent. Among the stented cases, the cytologic features that reached statistical significance were 3D architecture, anisonucleosis to the extent of ≥1:6, coarse chromatin distribution and the presence of single atypical cells in the malignant group in contrast to the benign group. Cases that were diagnosed malignant in the presence of a stent revealed a spectrum of cell populations more frequently as compared with the malignant cases without stent (76% vs 16%).ConclusionOur findings reveal that the cytologic features of malignancy in non‐stented BDBs mostly hold true for stented specimens as well. Application of these criteria in the presence of a stent can improve diagnostic accuracy and thereby patient care.