bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young star clusters and the structure of the second Galactic quadrant II
Authors: Molina Lera J A , Baume G , Gamen R 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Galactic spiral arms are traced using young objects as giant molecular clouds, H ii regions, OB stars, or young open/embedded clusters. To improve the knowledge of the Galactic structure in the second quadrant we selected, from more than 200 open clusters covered by the SDSS, a sample of 10 young stellar clusters to conduct a spectrophotometric study.
Photometric data were provided by SDSS and APASS in the optic bands and by 2MASS and WISE in the infrared. Spectroscopic information was obtained from observations acquired with GMOS/GEMINI complemented with data from the literature. For six of the 10 clusters, distances were also obtained with our astrometric Gaia data analysis. To perform all tasks we used a suite of tools developed by us.
Our results show that these open clusters are distributed along three spiral arms, covering distances from 1.8 to 8.0 kpc. We confirm, using our novel spectroscopic data, our previews photometric estimations regarding the Galactic location of the cluster Teutsch 45. We found that it is located beyond the ‘Outer Arm’ and probably belong to the more distant ‘New Arm’ extending its trace almost to the anticentre. Hence, it was possible to get a better picture of the structure of the outer regions of the Galaxy. For clusters with pre-main-sequence populations we also found traces of coeval star formation processes. Regarding spectroscopic data and most massive members of the clusters, we discovered seven B-type stars, all earlier than B4 and we also confirmed the spectral classification of one O8-8.5 type star.
Commensal discovery of four fast radio bursts during Parkes Pulsar Timing Array observations
Authors: Osłowski S , Shannon R M , Ravi V , Kaczmarek J F , Zhang S , Hobbs G , Bailes M , Russell C J , van Straten W , James C W , Jameson A , Mahony E K , Kumar P , Andreoni I , Bhat N D R , Burke-Spolaor S , Dai S , Dempsey J , Kerr M , Manchester R N , Parthasarathy A , Reardon D , Sarkissian J M , Spiewak R , Toomey L , Wang J-B , Zhang L , Zhu X-J 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
The Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) project monitors two dozen millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in order to undertake a variety of fundamental physics experiments using the Parkes 64-m radio telescope. Since 2017 June, we have been undertaking commensal searches for fast radio bursts (FRBs) during the MSP observations. Here, we report the discovery of four FRBs (171209, 180309, 180311, and 180714). The detected events include an FRB with the highest signal-to-noise ratio ever detected at the Parkes Observatory, which exhibits unusual spectral properties. All four FRBs are highly polarized. We discuss the future of commensal searches for FRBs at Parkes.
Is there any relationship between glitches of Crab pulsar and Einstein-de Haas effect?
Authors: Chang Zhe , Zhao Zhi-Chao , Zhou Yong , Zhu Qing-Hua 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Many pulsars show sudden rotation jumps, glitches, superimposed to the gradual rotation down due to the continued loss of energy by radiation. A lot of models have been proposed to explain glitches. Most of the models are associated with layer structure of neutron stars. We try to investigate possibility of relationship between glitches of Crab pulsar and Einstein-de Haas effect. In the scenarios, spin polarization of neutron matter with Skyrme-type interactions forms a macroscopic spin angular momentum, and the Einstein-de Haas effect – transfer between the macroscopic spin and orbit angular momentum – gives rise to glitches of pulsars. It is shown that the scenario is in agreement with the observations of Crab pulsar on glitches and post-glitches relaxation.
Radio jets from AGNs in dwarf galaxies in the COSMOS survey: mechanical feedback out to redshift ∼3.4
Authors: Mezcua M , Suh H , Civano F 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDwarf galaxies are thought to host the remnants of the early Universe seed black holes (BHs) and to be dominated by supernova feedback. However, recent studies suggest that BH feedback could also strongly impact their growth. We report the discovery of 35 dwarf galaxies hosting radio active galactic nucleus (AGN) out to redshift ∼3.4, which constitutes the highest redshift sample of AGNs in dwarf galaxies. The galaxies are drawn from the VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project and all are star forming. After removing the contribution from star formation to the radio emission, we find a range of AGN radio luminosities of $L^\mathrm{AGN}_\mathrm{1.4\, GHz} \sim 10^{37}$–1040 erg s−1. The bolometric luminosities derived from the fit of their spectral energy distribution are ≳1042 erg s−1, in agreement with the presence of AGNs in these dwarf galaxies. The 3 GHz radio emission of most of the sources is compact and the jet powers range from Qjet ∼ 1042 to 1044 erg s−1. These values, as well as the finding of jet efficiencies ≥10 per cent in more than 50 per cent of the sample, indicate that dwarf galaxies can host radio jets as powerful as those of massive radio galaxies whose jet mechanical feedback can strongly affect the formation of stars in the host galaxy. We conclude that AGN feedback can also have a very strong impact on dwarf galaxies, either triggering or hampering star formation and possibly the material available for BH growth. This implies that those low-mass AGNs hosted in dwarf galaxies might not be the untouched relics of the early seed BHs, which has important implications for seed BH formation models.
Baicalin improves the in vitro developmental capacity of pig embryos by inhibiting apoptosis, regulating mitochondrial activity and activating sonic hedgehog signaling
Authors: Guo Qing , Xuan Mei-Fu , Luo Zhao-Bo , Wang Jun-Xia , Han Sheng-Zhong , Ri Myong-Hak , Choe Yong-Gyu , Hwang Kyung-Min , Yin Xi-Jun , Kang Jin-Dan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Baicalin, a traditional Chinese medicinal monomer whose chemical structure is known, can be used to treat female infertility. However, the effect of baicalin on embryonic development is unknown. This study investigated the effects of baicalin on in vitro development of parthenogenetically activated (PA) and in vitro fertilized (IVF) pig embryos and the underlying mechanisms involved. Treatment with 0.1 μg/ml baicalin significantly improved (P < 0.05) the in vitro developmental capacity of PA pig embryos by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and apoptosis and increasing the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and ATP level. mRNA and protein expression of sonic hedgehog (SHH) and GLI1, which are related to the SHH signaling pathway, in PA pig embryos at the 2-cell stage, were significantly higher in the baicalin-treated group than in the control group. To confirm that the SHH signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism by which baicalin improves embryonic development, we treated embryos with baicalin in the absence or presence of cyclopamine (Cy), an inhibitor of this pathway. Cy abolished the effects of baicalin on in vitro embryonic development. In conclusion, baicalin improves the in vitro developmental capacity of PA and IVF pig embryos by inhibiting ROS production and apoptosis, regulating mitochondrial activity and activating SHH signaling.
Impact of hypoxia on DNA repair and genome integrity
Authors: Kaplan Alanna R , Glazer Peter M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Hypoxia is a hallmark of the tumour microenvironment with profound effects on tumour biology, influencing cancer progression, the development of metastasis and patient outcome. Hypoxia also contributes to genomic instability and mutation frequency by inhibiting DNA repair pathways. This review summarises the diverse mechanisms by which hypoxia affects DNA repair, including suppression of homology-directed repair, mismatch repair and base excision repair. We also discuss the effects of hypoxia mimetics and agents that induce hypoxia on DNA repair, and we highlight areas of potential clinical relevance as well as future directions.
Gcn5-mediated acetylation at MBF-regulated promoters induces the G1/S transcriptional wave
Authors: González-Medina Alberto , Hidalgo Elena , Ayté José 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn fission yeast, MBF-dependent transcription is inactivated at the end of S phase through a negative feedback loop that involves the co-repressors, Yox1 and Nrm1. Although this repression system is well known, the molecular mechanisms involved in MBF activation remain largely unknown. Compacted chromatin constitutes a barrier to activators accessing promoters. Here, we show that chromatin regulation plays a key role in activating MBF-dependent transcription. Gcn5, a part of the SAGA complex, binds to MBF-regulated promoters through the MBF co-activator Rep2 in a cell cycle-dependent manner and in a reverse correlation to the binding of the MBF co-repressors, Nrm1 or Yox1. We propose that the co-repressors function as physical barriers to SAGA recruitment onto MBF promoters. We also show that Gcn5 acetylates specific lysine residues on histone H3 in a cell cycle-regulated manner. Furthermore, either in a gcn5 mutant or in a strain in which histone H3 is kept in an unacetylated form, MBF-dependent transcription is downregulated. In summary, Gcn5 is required for the full activation and correct timing of MBF-regulated gene transcription.
Gelsolin: a new biomarker of disease activity in SLE patients associated with HDL-c
Authors: Parra Sandra , Heras Mercedes , Herrero Pol , Amigó Nuria , Garcés Esperanza , Girona Josefa , Correig Xavier , Canela Nuria , Castro Antoni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo identify potential biomarkers of disease activity analysing the proteome of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles from SLE patients in clinical remission and when they develop a flare compared with a healthy control group.MethodsQuantitative proteomic analyses of purified HDL were performed using Tandem Mass Tag isobaric tag-labelling and nanoLC-Orbitrap (nLC-MS/MS) from nine SLE patients in clinical remission when they developed a flare and from nine healthy controls (9–9-9). We verified the identified proteins by Western blot and ELISA in a cohort of 104 SLE women patients, 46 healthy women and 14 SLE patients when a flare developed.ResultsWe found 17 proteins with a significant fold-change (>1.1) compared with the control group. In lupus patients experiencing a flare compared with those in remission, we identified four proteins with a significant fold-change (C4, Indian Hedgehog protein, S100A8 and gelsolin). Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) levels were decreased in the 104 SLE patients (176.02(74.9) mcg/l) compared with the control group (217.13(86.7) mcg/l); P=0.005 and when they developed a clinical flare (104.84(41.7) mcg/l); P=0.002). pGSN levels were associated with HDL cholesterol levels (r = 0.316, P<0.001). Antimalarial treated patients showed significant higher levels of pGSN (214.56(88.94) mcg/l regarding 170.35(66.36) mcg/l); P = 0.017.ConclusionDecreased pGSN are associated with clinical disease activity in SLE patients. Antimalarial treatment and HDL cholesterol are associated with higher levels of pGSN.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction-related changes in posterior cingulate resting brain connectivity
Authors: Kral Tammi R A , Imhoff-Smith Ted , Dean Douglas C , Grupe Dan , Adluru Nagesh , Patsenko Elena , Mumford Jeanette A , Goldman Robin , Rosenkranz Melissa A , Davidson Richard J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Mindfulness meditation training has been shown to increase resting-state functional connectivity between nodes of the frontoparietal executive control network (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC]) and the default mode network (posterior cingulate cortex [PCC]). We investigated whether these effects generalized to a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) course and tested for structural and behaviorally relevant consequences of change in connectivity. Healthy, meditation-naïve adults were randomized to either MBSR (N = 48), an active (N = 47) or waitlist (N = 45) control group. Participants completed behavioral testing, resting-state fMRI scans and diffusion tensor scans at pre-randomization (T1), post-intervention (T2) and ~5.5 months later (T3). We found increased T2–T1 PCC–DLPFC resting connectivity for MBSR relative to control groups. Although these effects did not persist through long-term follow-up (T3–T1), MBSR participants showed a significantly stronger relationship between days of practice (T1 to T3) and increased PCC–DLPFC resting connectivity than participants in the active control group. Increased PCC–DLPFC resting connectivity in MBSR participants was associated with increased microstructural connectivity of a white matter tract connecting these regions and increased self-reported attention. These data show that MBSR increases PCC–DLPFC resting connectivity, which is related to increased practice time, attention and structural connectivity.
Markups, Market Imperfections, and Trade Openness: Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Damoah Kaku Attah 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article investigates the impact of Ghana’s World Trade Organization (WTO) accession on firm-level product and labor market imperfections. The article exploits a rich dataset of firm-level information to estimate markups and the degree of monopsony power enjoyed by manufacturing firms. The results indicate that price-cost margins declined while the degree of monopsony power increased in the wake of WTO accession. These diverging dynamics suggest that firms compress real wages to offset loss of market power in the product market due to increased international competition. This gives rise to an increase in the market imperfection gap, which gradually erodes the pro-competitive gains from trade. The article contributes to the literature by identifying channels through which allocative inefficiencies and misallocation can persist even after trade liberalization.
Extreme diversity and parasitism of Late Jurassic squat lobsters (Decapoda: Galatheoidea) and the oldest records of porcellanids and galatheids
Authors: Robins Cristina M , Klompmaker Adiël A 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGalatheoid decapod crustaceans consist of ~1250 species today, but their evolutionary history and origin are poorly known. We studied the largest known fossil galatheoid assemblage, from the Late Jurassic of Ernstbrunn, Austria. This coral-associated assemblage yielded 2348 specimens, arranged in 53 species, 22 genera and six families. Rarefaction analyses show that nearly all taxa have been collected. In addition to abundant Munidopsidae, this assemblage also contains the oldest members of four of the six galatheoid families, including Galatheidae, Munididae, Paragalatheidae and Porcellanidae. We describe the oldest Porcellanidae and Galatheidae to date, and a catillogalatheid: Vibrissalana jurassica gen. et sp. nov., ?Galathea genesis sp. nov. and Galatheites britmelanarum sp. nov. Our re-examination of the oldest claimed porcellanid, Jurellana tithonia, from Ernstbrunn, indicates that it represents a homolodromioid brachyuran, ascribed to Jurellanidae fam. nov. along with Ovalopus gen. nov. The second-oldest claimed porcellanid, Early Cretaceous Petrolisthes albianicus, is transferred to the catillogalatheid Hispanigalathea. We further document that 10.4% of Ernstbrunn galatheoid specimens were parasitized by epicaridean isopods, as shown by swellings in the gill region. Statistical analyses indicate that infestation is near non-random, varying from 0 to 33% for common species. Thus, Late Jurassic coral-associated habitats were key ecosystems in the evolution of galatheoids and their parasites.
A Convergence of Ophthalmic and Life-threatening Emergencies: Acute Angle Closure Glaucoma and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Sobol Ethan K. , Carter Kaylene L. , Ibrahim Kirolos , Alfaro Cesar , Patel Ekta , Pasquale Louis R. , Tung Cynthia 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To report a unique case of acute angle closure glaucoma in the setting of a subarachnoid hemorrhage due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm.

Materials and Methods:
Observational case report and review of the literature.

Results:
A 75-year-old woman presented with blurry vision, nausea, vomiting, and left eye pain. She was found to have a complete third nerve palsy, with ptosis, exotropia, hypotropia, and a fixed mydriasis with resultant acute angle closure glaucoma. Pilocarpine was initiated, and neuroimaging revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage from a ruptured posterior communicating artery aneurysm. The aneurysm was successfully coiled, and outpatient laser iridotomies were subsequently performed. Only 4 prior cases of acute angle closure glaucoma in the setting of a third nerve palsy have been reported in the literature. To our knowledge, this case is the first report of angle closure glaucoma in the setting of a subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Conclusions:
This case of a complete third nerve palsy in the setting of a subarachnoid hemorrhage leading to acute angle closure highlights the importance of ruling out this life-threatening diagnosis when neurological signs of increased intracranial pressure and cranial nerve palsies are present.
Relationship between C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio and the extent of coronary artery disease in patients with non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction
Authors: Kalyoncuoglu Muhsin , Durmus Gunduz 
Published: June 2019

Background
This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the newly defined C-reactive protein (CRP)-toalbumin ratio (CAR) in determining the extent and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in comparison with the other inflammatory markers such as neutrophil-tolymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), in patients with non-ST-elevated myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).

Patients and methods
This study is retrospectively designed and includes 205 patients with NSTEMI with a mean age of 56.6± 11.4 years. The study cohort was subdivided into two groups according to Synergy Between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and cardiac surgery score (SS) as low (<23) and intermediate-high (≥23). Complete blood counts, serum CRP, and serum albumin were obtained at admission. The CAR, NLR, and PLR values of all patients were calculated. Then, we evaluated the relationship of CAR, NLR, and PLR with the CAD extent and severity.

Results
CAR and NLR were moderately correlated with SS (r = 0.517, P < 0.001; r = 0.222, P = 0.001, respectively), whereas PLR showed weak correlation with SS (r = 0.191, P = 0.006). According to multivariate analysis models, CAR, NLR, and left ventricular ejection fraction were found to be independent predictors of CAD severity (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) for CAR (AUC: 0.829; 95% confidence interval: 0.770–0.878) was significantly greater than the AUC of NLR (AUC: 0.657; 95% confidence interval: 0.588–0.722), with P value of 0.002. A CAR more than 17 predicted an intermediate-high SS with 86% sensitivity and 76% specificity.

Conclusion
Novel inflammatory marker CAR can be used as a reliable marker in prediction of CAD severity in patients with NSTEMI.
Financial toxicity is associated with worse physical and emotional long-term outcomes after traumatic injury
Authors: Murphy Patrick B. , Severance Sarah , Savage Stephanie , Obeng-Gyasi Samilia , Timsina Lava R. , Zarzaur Ben L. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND
Increasing health care costs and high deductible insurance plans have shifted more responsibility for medical costs to patients. After serious illnesses, financial responsibilities may result in lost wages, forced unemployment, and other financial burdens, collectively described as financial toxicity. Following cancer treatments, financial toxicity is associated with worse long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of financial toxicity following injury, factors associated with financial toxicity, and the impact of financial toxicity on long-term HRQoL.

METHODS
Adult patients with an Injury Severity Score of 10 or greater and without head or spinal cord injury were prospectively followed for 1 year. The Short-Form-36 was used to determine overall quality of life at 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, and 12 months. Screens for depression and posttraumatic stress syndrome were administered. The primary outcome was any financial toxicity. A multivariable generalized estimating equation was used to account for variability over time.

RESULTS
Five hundred patients were enrolled, and 88% suffered financial toxicity during the year following injury (64% reduced income, 58% unemployment, 85% experienced stress due to financial burden). Financial toxicity remained stable over follow-up (80–85%). Factors independently associated with financial toxicity were lower age (odds ratio [OR], 0.96 [0.94–0.98]), lack of health insurance (OR, 0.28 [0.14–0.56]), and larger household size (OR, 1.37 [1.06–1.77]). After risk adjustment, patients with financial toxicity had worse HRQoL, and more depression and posttraumatic stress syndrome in a stepwise fashion based on severity of financial toxicity.

CONCLUSION
Financial toxicity following injury is extremely common and is associated with worse psychological and physical outcomes. Age, lack of insurance, and large household size are associated with financial toxicity. Patients at risk for financial toxicity can be identified, and interventions to counteract the negative effects should be developed to improve long-term outcomes.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III.
Predisposed to failure? The challenge of rescue in the medical intensive care unit
Authors: Briggs Alexandra , Handzel Robert M. , Kutcher Matthew E. , Peitzman Andrew B. , Forsythe Raquel M. 
Published: June 2019

BACKGROUND
Medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients develop acute surgical processes that require operative intervention. There are limited data addressing outcomes of emergency general surgery (EGS) in this population. The aim of our study was to characterize the breadth of surgical consults from the MICU and assess mortality after abdominal EGS cases.

METHODS
All MICU patients with an EGS consult in an academic medical center between January 2010 and 2016 were identified from an electronic medical record-based registry. Charts were reviewed to determine reason for consult, procedures performed, and to obtain additional clinical data. A multivariate logistic regression was used to determine patient factors associated with patient mortality.

RESULTS
Of 911 MICU patients seen by our service, 411(45%) required operative intervention, with 186 patients undergoing an abdominal operation. The postoperative mortality rate after abdominal operations was 37% (69/186), significantly higher than the mortality of 16% (1833/11192) for all patients admitted to the MICU over the same period (p < 0.05). Damage-control procedures were performed in 64 (34%) patients, with 46% mortality in this group. The most common procedures were bowel resections, with mortality of 42% (28/66) and procedures for severe clostridium difficile, mortality of 38% (9/24). Twenty-seven patients met our definition of surgical rescue, requiring intervention for complications of prior procedures, with mortality of 48%. Need for surgical rescue was associated with increased admission mortality (odds ratio, 13.07; 95% confidence interval, 2.86–59.77). Twenty-six patients had pathology amenable to surgical intervention but did not undergo operation, with 100% mortality. In patients with abdominal pathology at the time of operation, in-hospital delay was associated with increased mortality (odds ratio, 5.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–23.77).

CONCLUSION
Twenty percent of EGS consults from the MICU had an abdominal process requiring an operative intervention. While the MICU population as a whole has a high baseline mortality, patients requiring abdominal surgical intervention are an even higher risk.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and epidemiological, level III