bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Models of Printed Circuit Boards Conductive Pattern Defects
Authors: Danilova Evgeniya , Kochegarov Igor , Yurkov Nikolay , Miheev Mikhail , Kante Normunds 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A number of PCB defects, though having passed successfully the defect identification procedure, can potentially grow into critical defects under the influence of various external and (or) internal influences. The complex nature of the development of defects leading to PCB failures demands developing and updating the data measuring systems not only for detection but also for the prediction of future development of PCB defects considering the external influences. To solve this problem, it is necessary to analyse the models of defect development, which will allow predicting the defect growth and working out the mathematical models for their studies.
The study uses the methods of system analysis, theory of mathematical and imitation modelling, analysis of technological systems. The article presents four models for determining the theoretical stress concentration factor for several types of common defects, considering the strength loss of PCB elements. For each model the evaluation of parameters determining its quality is also given. The formulas are given that link the geometry of defects and the stress concentration factor, corresponding to four types of defects. These formulas are necessary for determining the number of cycles and time to failure, fatigue strength coefficient.
The chosen models for determining the values of the stress concentration factor can be used as a database for identifying PCB defects. The proposed models are used for software implementation of the optical image inspection systems.
Discrete Models in Research of Wave Processes in Rod Structures of Radio-Electronic Means
Authors: Lysenko Alexey , Yurkov Nikolay , Trusov Vasiliy , Zhashkova Tatyana , Lavendels Jurijs 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The article shows the relevance of the application of discrete models of rod structures of radio-electronic means (REM) for the study of their behaviour under transient loading. A discrete model of the propagation of harmonic waves in the rod and the study of standing waves are proposed. Computational experiments using the proposed model are conducted. The results show that the model accurately reflects qualitative dynamics of the physical processes in the elastic rod while the waves of elastic deformations are passing through. The proposed models are used for software implementations of systems of mechanical simulation of the behaviour of rod structures.
Determination of Vibrational Displacement Measurement Error Based on the Blurring Analysis of a Round Mark Image
Authors: Grigorev Alexey , Lysenko Alexey , Kochegarov Igor , Roganov Vladimir , Lavendels Jurijs 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The relevance and nature of a new technology for measurement of vibrational displacement of a material point through normal toward the object plane are stated in the article. This technology provides registration and processing of images of a round mark or a matrix of round marks, which are applied to the surface of a control object. A measuring signal here is the module of radius increment of the round mark image at vibrational blurring of this image. The method for calculation of the given error of measurements, as a function of a number of pixels of the round mark image, has been developed and proven in the present research. The results of pilot studies are given. Linearity of transformation of the measured size into a measuring signal has been proven. The conditions of a technical compromise between the field of view area of a recording device during distribution measurement of vibrational displacements along the surface of a control object, and the accuracy of this measurement are determined. The results are illustrated with numerical examples of calculations of the given error of measurements in the set field of view and the one at the given maximum set error of measurements.
Application of the 3R Concept in the Production of European Antiviperinum on Horses – Multisite, Low Volumes Immunization Protocol and Elisa
Authors: Milovanović Vladimir , Dimitrijević Ljiljana , Petrušić Vladimir , Kadrić Jasminka , Minić Rajna , Živković Irena 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
During time, both professionals and general public became aware of the importance of animal welfare. This term not only covers endangered wild animal species, animals used in food industry, pets and experimental animals, but also animals used in production of biologics. The implementation of the 3R concept (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) is especially important in this type of production. In this article, we describe for the first time the low dose, low volume and multi-site immunization protocol, as well as appropriate ELISA we developed for production of European anti-viper (V. ammodytes, long horned) antivenom in horses, which can help to significantly improve the welfare of the used animals.
Austerity and Irish local government expenditure since the Great Recession
Authors: Turley Gerard , McNena Stephen , Robbins Geraldine 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper sets out to establish the extent of austerity in the Irish local government system during and after the Great Recession. Austerity is measured by the adjusted change in local government expenditure from peak to trough years, and is analysed by type of expenditure, service division and local authority. Stripping out the change in local government current spending that is due to expenditure reassignments reveals that the austerity-related reduction in local government operating expenditure is not as large as often portrayed. As for other findings, there are sizeable differences across the aforementioned classifications, with, most notably, capital expenditure cuts far exceeding cuts in current expenditure. The largest decreases in total spending were on roads and housing services, and small rural county councils endured the most austerity, as measured by the initial reductions in current expenditure. In terms of policy implications, the biggest concern is the large infrastructural deficit that needs to be tackled, arising from austerity cuts in capital expenditure imposed at both central and local government level. As the economy recovers from the Great Recession and the subsequent era of austerity, failure to address this problem will hinder Ireland’s international competitiveness, constrain the economy’s future growth rate and result in impoverishment of public services at local level.
Effects of Gibberellic Acid and Low Temperature on Germination of Some Prunus Species Embryos (Without Cotyledons) Under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Ghayyad Mahmoud. A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Seeds of Prunus species do not germinate as a result of different mechanisms of dormancy such as physiological, physical and/or chemical ones. This study was carried out in order to determine the effects of three concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3) 1, 3, and 5 mg.L−1 and low temperature at 5 °C on germination and on the length of isolated embryos from cotyledons of almond, apricot, plum, peach, mahaleb and sweet cherry on top of filter paper under laboratory conditions. The highest germination percentage (96.67%) was at 1 mg.L−1 GA3 without cold treatment or 3 mg.L−1 GA3 + cold treatment in almond, the highest length of embryos (15.47 mm) was also in almond at 1 mg.L−1 GA3 without cold treatment. Embryos of mahaleb and sweet cherry germinated at low germination percentages of 31.16%, 33.33% respectively at 3 mg.L−1 GA3 + cold treatment. It was concluded that embryos of almond, apricot, plum and peach were germinated successfully on top of filter paper under laboratory conditions and GA3 increased significantly the germination percentages of the isolated embryos either after cold treatment or without compared with controls. A strong positive correlation was found between seed germination without testa, embryos germination and final embryos length simultaneously.
Impact of Organic Fertilizers on Morphological and Phenological Properties and Yield of Tomatoes
Authors: Valšíková-Frey Magdaléna , Sopková Dominika , Rehuš Marián , Komár Patrik 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The field trial was carried out in 2016 and 2017 on the grounds of the Botanical Garden of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra. The aim of the paper was to test the impact of new organic fertilizers from Company Rokosan on the yield parameters and the morphological and phenological properties of tomatoes. In the experiments, we observed two determinant varieties, namely ‘Brixol F1’ and ‘Uno Rosso F1’. We used the bulk organic fertilizer Rokosan P, designed for fruiting vegetables, and the liquid fertilizer Rokohumin Z. Both forms of fertilizers are produced as organic biomineral fertilizers, their main ingredient being keratin. They contain 9% N, 9% P2O5, 9% K2O, 3% MgO and trace elements. The total harvest in the control variant without fertilization was the lowest compared to the fertilized variants. The second variant was fertilized with the Rokosan P fertilizer, and the harvests were in both years and in both varieties higher than in the variant 1. The third variant was fertilized with the Rokohumin Z, the liquid fertilizer and achieved the best crop yields per plant. For the ‘Uno Rosso F1’ the best total harvest weight was 7.2 kg per plant in 2016 and 8.96 in 2017. For the ‘Brixol F1’, the highest harvest was 8.14 kg per plant in 2016 and 9.24 kg in 2017. In terms of yields and the number of fruits, combined fertilization with the bulk fertilizer Rokosan P and the liquid fertilizer Rokohumin Z reached the second highest values.
Some Topological and Algebraic Properties of α-level Subsets’ Topology of a Fuzzy Subset
Authors: Onasanya B. O. , Hoskova-Mayerova S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The theory of fuzzy sets, since its foundation, has advanced in a wide range of means and in many fields. One of the areas to which fuzzy set theory has been applied extensively is mathematical programming. Nevertheless, the applications of fuzzy theory can be found in e.g. logic, decision theory, artificial intelligence, computer science, control engineering, expert systems, management science, operations research, robotics, and others. Theoretical improvements have been made in many directions. Nowadays it has a lot of applications also on possibility theory, actuarial credibility theory, fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning, fuzzy control, fuzzy data analysis, fuzzy set models in operations research, etc. The aim of this paper is to investigate some topological properties of a set X when the topology defined on it is the collection of all the α-level subsets of a fuzzy subset A of X.
We have been able to establish some results regarding fuzzy cluster level subsets, convergence of level subsets and quasicompactness among others.
Design of Helix Antenna for 9.2GHz in FEKO for FSO/RF Hybrid System Focused on Height of Helix
Authors: Márton Michal , Ovseník Ľuboš , Turán Ján , Špes Michal , Urbanský Jakub 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Nowadays we are living in the ages of expansion of communication. The young generation depends on the online communications with other. Each of the devices is purposed to communication. Cloud data storage systems are available only with stable connection. Requirements are growing up to date. The answer on these requirements: the high speed of transmission, high level of security and wide bandwidth are optical communication systems. This system offers comparable features as optical system with physical optical fibers. But it has one big drawback. It is sensitivity to weather changes. We have to make backup link for case of outages. One part of design FSO/RF system in our case contains selection of appropriate type of RF antenna. We are looking for appropriate candidate. This paper is focused on analysis of helix antenna operating in non-licensed frequency range on 9.2GHz. The point of this paper is the examination of the impact of the height of helix designed antenna.
Using Push Notification in Telehealth and Remote Patient Monitoring Systems
Authors: Valean Honoriu , Cristian Cola , Wegroszta Andrei , Costea Cristinel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses mobile notifications in the context of health monitoring system that measure and store vital signs of the patient that are included in this program. The values measured are temperature and cardiac rhythm. This has two Android application, one is used by the patient to monitor his vital signs and the other is used by the physician to be able to see and receive push notifications of each individual patient. The sensors are connected to a Raspberry Pi and these devices send information to the Android smartphone via Bluetooth. The physician can monitor patient data in real time. All the information that is gathered by the smartphone from the sensors are sent to the cloud, can project a history and can detect some anomalies, for example, if the cardiac pulse is not within the limits of an accepted interval.
Acoustic Sensor for Detecting Intruders in Wild Environments
Authors: Pop Olimpiu , Rusu Corneliu , Grama Lacrimioara 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a device capable to record multiple audio signals (in our case 4 audio signals from 4 microphones of the area) and transmit the information through a network for acoustic source localization. We briefly discuss the first two versions, then the HRTF (Head Related Transfer Function) version of the acoustic sensors is detailed. Experimental results for identifying sound sources are also presented.
On some extremal problems in Bergman spaces in weakly pseudoconvex domains
Authors: Shamoyan Romi F. , Mihić Olivera R. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We consider and solve extremal problems in various bounded weakly pseudoconvex domains in ℂ
n
based on recent results on boundedness of Bergman projection with positive Bergman kernel in Bergman spaces

A

α
p

$A_\alpha ^p$

in such type domains. We provide some new sharp theorems for distance function in Bergman spaces in bounded weakly pseudoconvex domains with natural additional condition on Bergman representation formula.
A new class of almost complex structures on tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold
Authors: Baghban Amir , Abedi Esmaeil 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, the standard almost complex structure on the tangent bunle of a Riemannian manifold will be generalized. We will generalize the standard one to the new ones such that the induced (0, 2)-tensor on the tangent bundle using these structures and Liouville 1-form will be a Riemannian metric. Moreover, under the integrability condition, the curvature operator of the base manifold will be classified.
The challenge of brain death for the sanctity of life ethic
Authors: Singer Peter 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
For more than thirty years, in most of the world, the irreversible cessation of all brain function, more commonly known as brain death, has been accepted as a criterion of death. Yet the philosophical basis on which this understanding of death was originally grounded has been undermined by the long-term maintenance of bodily functions in brain dead patients. More recently, the American case of Jahi McMath has cast doubt on whether the standard tests for diagnosing brain death exclude a condition in which the patient is not dead, but in a minimally conscious state. I argue that the evidence now clearly shows that brain death is not equivalent to the death of the human organism. We therefore face a choice: either we stop removing vital organs from brain dead patients, or we accept that it is not wrong to kill an innocent human who has irreversibly lost consciousness.
Land Consolidation in Slovakia
Authors: Lazíková Jarmila , Lazíková Zuzana 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Land consolidation in the Slovak Republic is an important legal institute for fragmented agricultural land, which makes it difficult not only for the agricultural land market but also for the rational and efficient use of agricultural land. The necessity of land consolidation was already realized by the peasants in Slovakia at the beginning of the 20th century, when they voluntarily began to exchange the land. The law maker in Slovakia, however, did not realize the need for the arrangement of land relations until the year 1989, when the Law No. 229/1991 Coll. on the regulation of ownership relations to land and other agricultural property and Law No. 330/1991 Coll. on land arrangements, settlement of land ownership rights, district land offices, the Land Fund and land associations as amended were adopted. Moreover, land consolidation also addresses the development of the countryside and, last but not least, increases rural attractiveness for the inhabitants themselves. Rural development also belongs to the priorities of the EU. Thus, the implementation of the land consolidation projects is not only a wish of the owners or private investors, but also one of the ways to realize the goals of Slovakia and even of the European Union.
Demographic, Individual, Job Diversities and Knowledge Sharing: A Study of Enterprising Family Businesses
Authors: Kuruppuge Ravindra Hewa , Gregar Ales , Jayawardena Chandana , Kudláček Ladislav 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Employees’ knowledge sharing intention in a firm is recognized as a key positive factor of business sustainability and longevity. Yet, the diverse nature of firms has made a difficulty to make general conclusions about employees’ knowledge sharing intentions, which is dependent on individual characteristics. Therefore, focusing on family businesses in Sri Lanka, this study investigates the influ-ence of employees’ demographics, individuality and job diversity on knowledge sharing intentions. 132 employees who serve in enterprising family businesses in Sri Lanka were randomly selected for the survey and each was given a questionnaire. The influence of employee demographics, individuality and job diversity regarding knowledge sharing was then analyzed using a multiple regression model. Out of eight factors, only employee’s age, level of education and job orientation have significantly in-fluenced the knowledge sharing intentions of employees in family businesses. These findings highlight the importance of the level of employee’s age, education and job orientation on individual knowledge sharing behavior in family businesses.
Polycentricity in a developing world: A micro-regional analysis for morphological polycentricity in Turkey
Authors: Sat N. Aydan 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Following the publication of ‘European Spatial Development Perspective’ in 1999, a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have been carried out on polycentric spatial development especially in European settlements. The relationship between polycentricity and economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion are some of the main concerns of these studies. This study aims to clarify ‘the meaning of polycentricity’ in the case of Turkey, as a developing country and analyse the relationship between polycentric spatial development and economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion. After calculation of morphological polycentricity of the regions at NUTS-5 level, the propositions on the positive effects of polycentric spatial development on economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion is tested by using Pearson correlation and OLS regression models. The results of the empirical study are mixed for these three subjects. Polycentric spatial development has not positive effects on economic competitiveness and social cohesion in Turkey case. Conversely, a positive effect exists in terms of environmental sustainability. It can be said, that to reach those policy aims highlighted by European Spatial Development Perspective, could not be realised by only taken into account polycentric spatial development in Turkey case.
Eye tracking in high-performance sports: Evaluation of its application in expert athletes
Authors: Hüttermann S. , Noël B. , Memmert D. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the last thirty years, an increasing interest in sport sciences regarding the analysis of expert athletes’ gaze behavior has become apparent. This narrative review provides an overview of the use of eye tracking systems in high-performance sports from 1987 to 2016. A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and WebofScience databases was conducted. The search was performed using the keywords eye tracking, eye movement, gaze behavior/patterns, and visual search strategies in combination with high-performance sports, elite athletes, high-class athletes, sport experts, and top-athletes. It yielded a total of 86 studies of which almost half were conducted computer-based or in front of a screen. Most studies dealt with the analysis of gaze behavior during dead ball situations while also focusing on differences between expert athletes and novices. More high-quality intervention studies are essential to determine if there are ideal gaze strategies and, if yes, how it is possible to learn/implement these.
Topological Properties of Four-Layered Neural Networks
Authors: Javaid M. , Abbas M. , Liu Jia-Bao , Teh W. C. , Cao Jinde 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A topological property or index of a network is a numeric number which characterises the whole structure of the underlying network. It is used to predict the certain changes in the bio, chemical and physical activities of the networks. The 4-layered probabilistic neural networks are more general than the 3-layered probabilistic neural networks. Javaid and Cao [Neural Comput. and Applic., DOI 10.1007/s00521-017-2972-1] and Liu et al. [Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research, 8(2018), 225-266] studied the certain degree and distance based topological indices (TI’s) of the 3-layered probabilistic neural networks. In this paper, we extend this study to the 4-layered probabilistic neural networks and compute the certain degree-based TI’s. In the end, a comparison between all the computed indices is included and it is also proved that the TI’s of the 4-layered probabilistic neural networks are better being strictly greater than the 3-layered probabilistic neural networks.
Supposed Maximum Mutual Information for Improving Generalization and Interpretation of Multi-Layered Neural Networks
Authors: Kamimura Ryotaro 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The present paper1 aims to propose a new type of information-theoretic method to maximize mutual information between inputs and outputs. The importance of mutual information in neural networks is well known, but the actual implementation of mutual information maximization has been quite difficult to undertake. In addition, mutual information has not extensively been used in neural networks, meaning that its applicability is very limited. To overcome the shortcoming of mutual information maximization, we present it here in a very simplified manner by supposing that mutual information is already maximized before learning, or at least at the beginning of learning. The method was applied to three data sets (crab data set, wholesale data set, and human resources data set) and examined in terms of generalization performance and connection weights. The results showed that by disentangling connection weights, maximizing mutual information made it possible to explicitly interpret the relations between inputs and outputs.