bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Influence of River Boundary Water Level on the Drainage Capacity of Pipe Network—A Case Study of Jiangnan Area in Yiwu City
Authors: Li Penghui , Zhou Yantan , Zhen Yiwei , Jin Qiannan , Meng Xiangyong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn order to ensure the safety of urban drainage and alleviate urban waterlogging, this study focuses on the impact of dynamic river water levels on pipeline drainage. The region south of Yiwu River in Yiwu City was selected as the study area. Utilizing the Mike modeling platform, simulations were conducted to assess pipeline drainage outlets under heavy rainfall conditions with return periods of 2-year, 3-year, and 5-year. These simulations considered connections to both the river's normal water level and various flood scenarios based on different design frequencies. The study also analyzed the influence of changes in river water levels on the drainage capacity of the pipeline network and their impact on urban waterlogging. This research provides a reference basis for understanding the causes of urban waterlogging in the study area and its mitigation.
Increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with deep and infected diabetes-related foot ulcers
Authors: Lan Nick S. R. , Hiew Jonathan , Ferreira Ivana , Ritter J. Carsten , Manning Laurens , Fegan P. Gerry , Dwivedi Girish , Hamilton Emma J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aims/hypothesis
Diabetes-related foot ulceration (DFU) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Inflammation and infection are mediators of CVD, which may be important in DFU.

Methods
Prospectively collected data from patients attending a multidisciplinary DFU service were analysed. A deep ulcer was defined as one that reached muscle, tendon or deeper structures. Patients were categorised into four DFU groups: not deep and no infection (D−/I−), not deep but infected (D−/I+), deep with no infection (D+/I−) or deep with infection (D+/I+). Incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as hospitalisation for myocardial infarction, stroke or transient ischaemic attack, or heart failure. Survival analyses were performed using the logrank test and multivariate Cox regression.

Results
Of 513 patients, 241 (47.0%) were in the D−/I− group, 110 (21.4%) were in the D−/I+ group, 35 (6.8%) were in the D+/I− group and 127 (24.8%) were in the D+/I+ group. MACE or all-cause mortality occurred in 75 patients (14.6%), and MACE alone occurred in 46 patients (9.0%) after median follow-up of 381 days (IQR 220–551) and 404 days (IQR 228–576), respectively. Infection was associated with significantly higher MACE or all-cause mortality (21.5% vs 8.7%; p<0.001) and MACE alone (13.5% vs 5.1%; p=0.003). MACE or all-cause mortality was significantly higher in the D+/I+ group (D−/I− 7.9%; D−/I+ 15.5%; D+/I− 14.3%; D+/I+ 26.8%; p<0.001), as was MACE alone (D−/I− 5.0%; D−/I+ 10.9%; D+/I− 5.7%; D+/I+ 15.7%; p=0.017). Infection and a deep ulcer were independent predictors of adverse outcomes.

Conclusions/interpretation
Deep and/or infected DFUs are associated with increased cardiovascular risk compared with DFUs that are not deep or infected. These findings provide a potential mechanistic explanation that requires investigation.

Graphical Abstract
Tuning the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of lignin by physicochemical modification during sequential acid precipitation from Kraft black liquor
Authors: Eugenio María E. , García-Fuentevilla Luisa , Martín-Sampedro Raquel , Santos José I. , Wicklein Bernd , ibarra David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Turning lignin from black liquor waste into value-added bioactive agents is one of the possible routes for improving the sustainability and profitability of lignocellulosic industry. However, due to chemical and structural variability of lignin, it is necessary to isolate specific lignin fractions from black liquor with the purpose to achieve samples with unique chemical and structural characteristics and therefore, specific biological activities. In this study, poplar lignin fractions isolated from Kraft black liquor by sequential acid precipitation at pH´s 7.5, 5 and 2.5 (denoted as P-7.5, P-5 and P-2.5) were characterized according to their physicochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. In general, lignin fractions displayed a wide elimination of lateral chains (aryl-β ether and C–C) and, therefore a high phenolic content and low molecular weight, as the pH sequential precipitation was decreased from 7.5 to 2.5. Moreover, thermal analysis revealed that the P-7.5 lignin fraction showed higher thermal stability than P-2.5 and P-5. In terms of antioxidant activity, the P-7.5 lignin fraction, with a higher S/G ratio and a less oxidized structure compared to P-5 and P-2.5, exhibited higher antioxidant activity. In addition, lower antibacterial effect was observed for all lignin fractions against Escherichia coli compared to that obtained against Staphylococcus aureus. Among them, the P-2.5 and P-5 fractions, with higher phenolic content and lower molecular weight values than P-7.5, showed a greater antibacterial effect against S. aureus.
Subsemigroup of $$T_n$$ assigned to a fixed point free permutation
Authors: Wójcik Klaudiusz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAssume that $$T_n$$

T
n

is the full transformation semigroup of $$X=\{1,\ldots ,n\}$$

X
=
{
1
,
…
,
n
}

and $$S_n\subset T_n$$

S
n

⊂

T
n

is the symmetric group. For $$\sigma \in S_n$$

σ
∈

S
n

and $$i\in X$$

i
∈
X

we define $$f_{i,\sigma }\in T_n$$

f

i
,
σ

∈

T
n

by $$\begin{aligned} f_{i,\sigma }(i)=\sigma (i),\ \text {and} \ f_{i,\sigma }(j)=j\ \text {for}\ j\ne i. \end{aligned}$$

f

i
,
σ

(
i
)

=
σ

(
i
)

,

and

f

i
,
σ

(
j
)

=
j

for

j
≠
i
.

Let S be the subsemigroup of $$T_n$$

T
n

generated by idempotents $$\big \{f_{1,\sigma }, \ldots , f_{n,\sigma }\big \}$$

{

f

1
,
σ

,
…
,

f

n
,
σ

}

. Let $$\alpha \in S$$

α
∈
S

. We study the sequence $$({\text {card}} F(\alpha ^k))_{k\in {\mathbb {N}}}$$

(
card
F

(

α
k

)

)

k
∈
N

, where $$F(\alpha ^k)$$

F
(

α
k

)

is the set of fixed points of $$\alpha ^k$$

α
k

. We will focus on the case $$\sigma =(1\; 2\; \ldots \; n)$$

σ
=
(
1

2

…

n
)

. Our motivation comes from a geometric method for detecting chaotic dynamics based on the Ważewski retract principle.
From Condorcet’s paradox to Arrow: yet another simple proof of the impossibility theorem
Authors: D’Antoni Massimo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCondorcet exposed a limitation of majority-based pairwise comparison by showing that, for specific preference profiles over three alternatives, it leads to a contradiction. Arrow’s theorem is often introduced as a generalization of this finding. A novel formulation of the proof is presented that strictly adheres to this logic, establishing that for any non-dictatorial social choice rule, a contradiction-generating preference profile always exists and can be identified using a straightforward procedure.
Belonging in dual roles: exploring professional identity formation among disabled healthcare students and clinicians
Authors: Mayer Yael , Nimmon Laura , Shalev Michal , Gross Elisabeth , Bulk Laura Yvonne , Battalova Alfiya , Krupa Terry , Jarus Tal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe development of a robust professional identity is a pivotal aspect of every healthcare professional’s educational journey. Critical social perspectives are increasingly influencing the examination of professional identity formation within healthcare professions. While understanding how disabled students and practitioners integrate a disability identity into their professional identity is crucial, we have limited knowledge about the actual formation of their professional identity. This study aims to investigate how disabled students and clinicians in healthcare professions actively shape their professional identity during their educational and professional journeys. We conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 27 students and 29 clinicians, conducting up to three interviews per participant over a year, resulting in 124 interviews. Participants represented five healthcare professions: medicine, nursing, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and social work. Employing a constructivist grounded theory approach, our data analysis revealed two prominent dimensions: (a) The contextualization of identity formation processes and (b) The identity navigation dimension in which the professional identity and disability identity are explored. This emerging model sheds light on the dynamic processes involved in identity formation, emphasizing the significance of a supportive environment for disabled students and practitioners. Such an environment fosters the negotiation of both professional and disability identities. Moreover, this study recognizes the importance of a re-examination of the concepts of professionalism and professional identity in healthcare professions. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of understanding and supporting the multifaceted identity formation processes among disabled individuals within healthcare professions.
Racial/ethnic differences in risk factors for non-cardia gastric cancer: an analysis of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study
Authors: Adams Alexandra , Gandhi Atish , Friedmann Patricia , Sarkar Srawani , Rana Brijesh , Epplein Meira , Wilkens Lynne , Huang Brian Z. , In Haejin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Gastric cancer (GC) incidence rates show notable differences by racial/ethnic groups in the US. We sought to determine whether stratification by race/ethnicity would reveal unique risk factors for development of non-cardia gastric cancer (NCGC) for US population.

Methods
Analysis included 1,112 incident cases of NCGC and 190,883 controls from the Multiethnic Cohort Study, a prospective US cohort study that recruited individuals living in Hawaii and California, aged 45–75 years from 5 races/ethnicities. Descriptive analysis and Cox regression models examined the association of risk factors for GC and calculate hazard ratios for each race/ethnicity, adjusting for sociodemographic and dietary variables.

Results
Increasing age and male sex were risk factors for NCGC for most race/ethnicities. Higher risk was associated with: GC family history for Latino and Japanese American individuals [HRs range from 1.75 to 1.98]; foreign-born for Japanese American individuals [HR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.11–2.09]; lower education for African American, Japanese American, and Native Hawaiian individuals [HRs range from 1.30 to 1.74]; daily alcohol consumption for African American individuals[HR: 1.56, 95% CI 1.04–2.35]; current smoking for Latino and Japanese American individuals [HRs range from 1.89 to 1.94]; sodium consumption in the highest quartile for White individuals [HR: 2.55, 95% CI 1.23–5.26] compared to the lowest quartile; fruit consumption in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th highest quartile for Native Hawaiian individuals [HRs range from 2.19 to 2.60] compared to the lowest quartile; diabetes for African American individuals [HR: 1.79, 95% CI 1.21–2.64]; and gastric/duodenal ulcers for Native Hawaiian individuals [HR: 1.82, 95% CI 1.04–3.18].

Conclusion
Analyses by racial/ethnic group revealed differing risk factors for NCGC. Increased knowledge of the varying pathways to GC can support personalized GC prevention strategies and risk stratification tools for early detection.
Use of pomegranate peel extract for preparation of UV-absorbing and antimicrobial nitrocellulose coating for wood finishing
Authors: Hassan Mohammad , Awaad Ahmed , Abou-Elseoud Wafaa , Hassan Enas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial and UV-resistant coatings are important finishing materials for making specialty wood products. In the current work, anti-bacterial and UV-resistant coatings were prepared from nitrocellulose (NC) and pomegranate peel extract (PGE). Different ratios of PGE were added to NC solution (up to 10 wt.% of NC) and the effect of PGE on the viscosity of NC solution, optical, UV-absorption, mechanical, moisture sorption, and antibacterial properties of NC films was studied. Finally, the NC/PGE solution with the appropriate antibacterial activity was sprayed onto the surface of beechwood and its surface was evaluated and compared to neat NC coating regarding gloss, color, change in color due to daylight and thermal aging, and wettability by water. The results showed that PGE reduced the viscosity of NC solution even at low concentrations. All the NC/PGE films had good homogeneity, transparency, UV light absorption, film flexibility, and good antibacterial properties against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria at PGE content 6% or higher. PGE moderately increased the moisture sorption of NC films at high relative humidity (98%). Beechwood was sprayed with NC/8% PGE solution in ethyl acetate; the presence of PGE in NC didn’t affect the visual appearance or light indices (L, a, and b) of the coated wood when compared to the coating with neat NC. The NC/8%PGE coating had high stability against daylight aging while there was no difference in color change between the wood coated with NC and NC/8%PGE after thermal aging. The study showed the potential of PGE as a renewable and safe anti-bacterial and UV-resistant additive for nitrocellulose lacquers used in furniture.
Graphical abstract
Group Motivational Interviewing for Adolescents at Risk of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Mixed-Methods Preliminary Evaluation
Authors: Tse Nick , Siu Andrew , Tsang Sharon , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInternet gaming disorder (IGD) among adolescents is a widespread public health issue, with far-reaching negative impacts on adolescents’ health and relationships with their families. This study evaluated the preliminary outcomes of a two-session Group Motivational Interviewing (GMI) programme designed to address the risk of IGD among students across primary, secondary, and university levels. Conducted in-person during short periods of time when schools were open during the COVID pandemic, the programme used experiential activities and guided discussions to (1) facilitate participants’ reflection on time management, life goals, and gaming behaviours, and (2) cultivate readiness for change. Fifty-five students, aged 9 to 21, participated in the study, and outcomes were evaluated using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data tracked changes in severity of IGD symptoms, motivation for change, and time consumption on gaming, studying, and outdoor activities. The qualitative component involved analysing goal-setting worksheets to understand participants’ motivations and potential barriers to change. Intervention fidelity was monitored using a modified checklist from the Assessment of Motivational Interviewing Groups– Observer Scale. Results revealed significant pre- to post-treatment reductions in gaming time and enhancements in motivation for change, but there was no significant change in the risks of IGD from baseline to post-treatment or three-month follow-up. Changes in the Contemplation Ladder indicated a sustained increase in motivation for change over the three-month follow-up. Furthermore, qualitative analysis revealed academic study as a crucial factor, serving both as a goal (improving academic results) and a barrier (alleviating academic stress) for changes in gaming behaviour. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the two-session GMI programme is a feasible and potentially effective approach to engage students in reflecting on their gaming habits and promoting readiness for change. These preliminary results also provide support for conducting a full clinical trial on the effectiveness of the programme.
Barriers and enablers of life cycle assessment in small and medium enterprises: a systematic review
Authors: Gómez-Garza Rodrigo , Güereca Leonor Patricia , Padilla-Rivera Alejandro , Ibarra Alonso Aguilar 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBusinesses are facing increasing pressure from multiple stakeholders to integrate sustainability into their practices and business models. Although Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) represent at least 90% of businesses worldwide and contribute approximately 60% of environmental impacts, assessing and improving their sustainability performance is not a priority for them. SMEs can address sustainability issues through the application of the different Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approaches. LCA focuses solely on the environment; however, other forms, such as social, costing, sustainability, and organizational LCA, enable practitioners to assess impacts across the entire life cycle of the studied system, each with different scopes and approaches. However, LCA remains in the domain of large companies. This article aims to identify the main barriers and enablers of LCA in SMEs for wider use as a tool to improve sustainability performance. Through a systematic review of the scientific literature on LCA among SMEs applying the Standardized Technique for Assessing and Reporting Reviews of LCA data, a sample of 61 articles provides a 20-year history. Our results characterize the application of LCA in SMEs through six main aspects. Our main conclusions identify three main barriers to the application of LCA among SMEs: lack of trained personnel, lack of data, and high costs. To overcome these barriers, we found that narrowing down the scope using simplified methods in clusters can increase the use of LCA among SMEs. A simplified SME cluster-elaborated LCA can be used to qualitatively identify sustainability hotspots, develop suitable strategies to improve sustainability performance, and respond to market requests.
A lexical comparison of the public good of higher education: concepts, contextual underpinnings and implications, focusing on Japanese, Chinese and English
Authors: Yang Lili , Chen Lilan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
While it is generally agreed that higher education is a public good and produces public goods, it remains unclear what this means. An important reason for the unclarity is the conceptual ambiguity and cultural nuances of the concept of the public good in higher education. Coupled with the Western dominance of discourse in higher education and language challenges in translation, the ambiguity and nuances further result in challenges for studies that explore and compare the public good of higher education across contexts. This paper employs a lexical comparison approach to address these challenges, all of which have been encountered by the comparative research project that leads to this Special Issue. Taking Japanese, Chinese and English as examples, it identifies key terms in the three languages, reveals contextual underpinnings of the key terms and the cultural distance between the terms, and discusses the implications of the lexical comparison. The paper argues that this lexical comparison has been effective in this particular analysis and the comparative research project, and has the potential to contribute to comparisons of other higher education topics involving multiple languages.
Investigation of the electrochemical conversion of brighteners during nickel electrodeposition, Part 1: chemical analysis by mass spectrometry
Authors: Schmidt Udo , Wilke Marcus , Leimbach Martin , Bund Andreas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Results of an investigation of the action of various pyridinic and acetylenic brighteners during the electrodeposition of nickel are reported here. The focus was on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the individual compounds 1-(3-sulphopropyl)-pyridinium betaine (PPS) and sulphopropylated 2-butyne-1,4-diol (HBOPS) and their reaction products. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a mass spectrometric detector (HPLC-MS) and a diode array detector in the UV range (HPLC-UV) were used to examine the various additives and the cathodic reaction products. PPS is almost completely hydrogenated to the piperidine compound (3-piperidin-1-yl-propane-1-sulphonate, PIPS) at the catalytically active nickel electrode; as intermediate products, only tetrahydrogenated pyridine (THPPS) compounds occur in the solution, in low concentrations. The entire hydrogenation chain takes place on the surface; partially hydrogenated products are either not desorbed at all or only desorbed in small quantities. Further by-products are dimers and after ring cleavage a pentylamine derivative {3-(pentylamino)-1-propanesulphonic acid, PAPS}. Via the olefinic intermediate stage, the butynediol compound (HBOPS) reacts to become sulphopropylated butanediol. After elimination of water, this forms butanoxy-propanesulphonate in a further hydrogenation step.

Graphical Abstract
The Role of Stewards of Trust in Facilitating Trust in Science: A Multistakeholder View
Authors: Varda Christiana , Iordanou Kalypso , Antoniou Josephina , Barrios Mariano Martín Zamorano , Yalaz Evren , Gurzawska Agata , Szüdi Gábor , Bartar Pamela , Häberlein Lisa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTrust in science post-Covid appears to be a complex matter. On the one hand, the COVID-19 pandemic added value to the epistemic trustworthiness of scientific opinion and its potential to drive evidence-based policies, while it also spurred scientific distrust and societal polarization (e.g., vaccines), especially on social media. In this work we sought to understand the ways in which trust in science might be bolstered by adopting a multistakeholder perspective. This objective was achieved by considering stakeholders’ views on (a) how perceived key actors affect trust in science, and (b) what proposed actions can be taken by each actor identified. Data were collected using 16 focus groups and 10 individual interviews across different European contexts with general public (n = 66), journalists (n = 23) and scientists (n = 35), and were analysed using thematic analysis. Regarding how perceived key actors affect trust in science, participants viewed policymakers, media, scientific and social media actors as occupying a dual function (facilitators and hinderers of trust in science), and pointed to the value of multi-actor collaboration. Regarding what actions should be taken for enhancing trust in science, participants indicated the value of enhancing understanding of scientific integrity and practices, through science literacy and science communication, and also pointed to social media platform regulation. Implications stemming from the data are discussed, considering how multiple identified stewards of trust can contribute to an ecosystem of trust.
Instance Segmentation XXL-CT Challenge of a Historic Airplane
Authors: Gruber Roland , Engster Johann Christopher , Michen Markus , Blum Nele , Stille Maik , Gerth Stefan , Wittenberg Thomas 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInstance segmentation of compound objects in XXL-CT imagery poses a unique challenge in non-destructive testing. This complexity arises from the lack of known reference segmentation labels, limited applicable segmentation tools, as well as partially degraded image quality. To asses recent advancements in the field of machine learning-based image segmentation, the ‘Instance Segmentation XXL-CT Challenge of a Historic Airplane’ was conducted. The challenge aimed to explore automatic or interactive instance segmentation methods for an efficient delineation of the different aircraft components, such as screws, rivets, metal sheets or pressure tubes. We report the organization and outcome of this challenge and describe the capabilities and limitations of the submitted segmentation methods.