bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay of LncRNA ANRIL and miR‐181b on the inflammation‐relevant coronary artery disease through mediating NF‐κB signalling pathway
Authors: Guo Feng , Tang Chengchun , Li Yawei , Liu Yuqing , Lv Ping , Wang Wei , Mu Yongyong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate whether ANRIL affected the aetiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) by acting on downstream miR‐181b and NF‐κB signalling. Altogether 327 CAD patients diagnosed by angiography were included, and mice models of CAD were established. Human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were also purchased. In addition, shRNA‐ANRIL, shRNA‐NC, pcDNA3.1‐ANRIL, miR‐181b mimic, miR‐181b inhibitor and miR‐NC were transfected into the cells. The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) were also added to activate or deactivate NF‐κB signalling. Both highly expressed ANRIL and lowly expressed miR‐181b were associated with CAD population aged over 60 years old, with smoking history, with hypertension and hyperlipidemia, with CHOL H 4.34 mmol/L, TG ≥ 1.93 mmol/L and Hcy ≥ 16.8 μmol/L (all P < 0.05). Besides, IL‐6, IL‐8, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, iNOS, ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1 and COX‐2 expressions observed within AD mice models were all beyond those within NC and sham‐operated groups (P < 0.05). Also VEGF and HSP 70 were highly expressed within AD mice models than within NC and sham‐operated mice (P < 0.05). Transfection of either pcDNA‐ANRIL or miR‐181b inhibitor could significantly fortify HCAECs’ viability and put on their survival rate. At the meantime, the inflammatory factors and vascular‐protective parameters were released to a greater level (P < 0.05). Finally, highly expressed ANRIL also notably bring down miR‐181b expression and raise p50/p65 expressions within HCAECs (P < 0.05). The joint role of ANRIL, miR‐181b and NF‐κB signalling could aid in further treating and diagnosing CAD.
miR‐1322 regulates ChREBP expression via binding a 3′‐UTR variant (rs1051943)
Authors: Zhang Ying , Hu Sen‐Lin , Hu Dong , Jiang Jian‐Gang , Cui Guang‐Lin , Liu Xing‐De , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe carbohydrate response element‐binding protein (ChREBP), also referred to as MLXIPL, plays a crucial role in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Existing studies have shown an association between genetic variations of the ChREBP gene and lipid levels, such as triglycerides and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, mechanistic studies of this association are limited. In this study, bioinformatic analysis revealed that the polymorphism rs1051943A occurs in the complementary binding sequence of miR‐1322 in the ChREBP 3′‐untranslated region (UTR). Studies of potential mechanisms showed that the A allele could facilitate miR‐1322 binding, and luciferase activity significantly decreased when co‐transfected with a ChREBP 3′‐UTR luciferase reporter vector and miR‐1322 mimics in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, miR‐1322 significantly regulated the expression of ChREBP downstream genes and reduced the synthesis of lipids. The expression of miR‐1322 was up‐regulated by glucose and palmitic acid stimulation. Population studies showed that rs1051943‐A allele was only found in the Han Chinese and Uighur ethnic groups, different from European populations (G allele frequency = 0.07). In summary, we provide evidence that the rs1051943 A allele creates a functional miR‐1322 binding site in ChREBP 3′‐UTR and post‐transcriptionally down‐regulates its expression, possibly associated with levels of plasma lipids and glucose.
A Revised Taxonomy of Diplonemids Including the Eupelagonemidae n. fam. and a Type Species, Eupelagonema oceanica n. gen. & sp.
Authors: Okamoto Noriko , Gawryluk Ryan M.R. , del Campo Javier , Strassert Jürgen F.H. , Lukeš Julius , Richards Thomas A. , Worden Alexandra Z. , Santoro Alyson E. , Keeling Patrick J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecent surveys of marine microbial diversity have identified a previously unrecognized lineage of diplonemid protists as being among the most diverse heterotrophic eukaryotes in global oceans. Despite their monophyly (and assumed importance), they lack a formal taxonomic description, and are informally known as deep‐sea pelagic diplonemids (DSPDs) or marine diplonemids. Recently, we documented morphology and molecular sequences from several DSPDs, one of which is particularly widespread and abundant in environmental sequence data. To simplify the communication of future work on this important group, here we formally propose to erect the family Eupelagonemidae to encompass this clade, as well as a formal genus and species description for the apparently most abundant phylotype, Eupelagonema oceanica, for which morphological information and single‐cell amplified genome data are currently available.
From organized to disorganized capitalism? Market versus nonmarket coordination in Spain's dairy chain
Authors: Collantes Fernando 
Published: August 2018

AbstractConventional wisdom has it that the food economy has transitioned from organized to disorganized capitalism. An era of extensive state intervention between around 1930 and 1980 would have been followed by an era of deregulation and increasing coordination through markets after around 1980. This article uses the case of Spain's dairy chain to propose an alternative view. In the case under study, there certainly were elements of state‐coordinated capitalism between 1952 and 1986, as well as elements of deregulation and liberalization from 1986 onwards. However, the structure of economic coordination involved some combination of market and nonmarket mechanisms all the way through. The organized capitalism of the first period was not really so tightly organized, whereas much of its later “disorganization” was in fact a transition towards a different mode of “organization”: one in which the control of nonmarket coordination shifted from political to corporate hierarchies.
Childhood Family Structure and the Accumulation of Wealth Across the Life Course
Authors: Bernardi Fabrizio , Boertien Diederik , Geven Koen 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of this article is to document how childhood family structure is related to the accumulation of wealth.Background: Childhood family structure is a commonly studied determinant of child and adult outcomes, but little is known about its effects on wealth accumulation. Wealth is affected by a wide variety of factors, including human capital formation, family dynamics, and intergenerational transfers. Studying wealth therewith sheds light on how childhood family structure relates to the accumulation of advantages across life.Method: Data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (N = 7,066) are employed to document wealth differences at ages 47 to 55. Growth curve models are estimated to understand at what ages these differences emerge.Results: A median wealth penalty of at least $61,600 at ages 47 to 55 is observed for individuals who did not live continuously with both parents from birth to age 18, depending on the alternative childhood family trajectory considered. A subsequent mediation analysis of the “wealth penalty” related to the permanent departure of a parent from the household during childhood points at human capital formation and own family dynamics as the primary channels through which wealth differences are produced; intergenerational transfers matter rather less.Conclusion: Childhood family structure has moderate effects on multiple different life domains that accrue during the life course and collectively add up to a more considerable penalty in wealth.
Transcranial Doppler and Transcranial Color Duplex in Defining Collateral Cerebral Blood Flow
Authors: Saqqur Maher , Khan Khurshid , Derksen Carol , Alexandrov Andrei , Shuaib Ashfaq 
Published: August 2018

ABSTRACTIn an acute stroke setting, transcranial Doppler (TCD) and transcranial color‐coded duplex (TCCD) have an important diagnostic utility in the monitoring of an arterial occlusion and microemboli detection. In addition, TCD has proven to be a very useful tool in the detection and progression of cerebral vasospasm in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage.TCD/TCCD may have an important role in defining collateral blood flow (CF) in stroke patients. It is a noninvasive technique and can be utilized repeatedly allowing for changes in the blood flow dynamics as treatment is delivered. In this review, we outlined the evolving role of TCD/TCCD in defining CF in patients with an acute ischemic stroke, predicting clinical outcome and monitoring the treatment's efficacy of the CF augmentation.
When God is your only friend: Religious beliefs compensate for purpose in life in the socially disconnected
Authors: Chan Todd , Michalak Nicholas M. , Ybarra Oscar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveSocial relationships supply purpose to life. How can socially disconnected people, who show lower levels of purpose, compensate for purpose in life? We propose that religious beliefs can compensate for the purpose in life that social relationships would otherwise provide, through providing (a) greater purpose to turn to and (b) divine figures that can substitute for social relationships.MethodIn three studies, we analyze three nationally representative and longitudinal data sets (N = 19,775) using moderated regression and cross‐lagged panel analyses.ResultsConsistent with our hypotheses, religious beliefs were of minimal influence on purpose in life for socially connected individuals, who already held higher levels of purpose than socially disconnected individuals. However, for socially disconnected individuals, being highly religious predicted higher levels of purpose in life.ConclusionsResults suggest that although people primarily derive purpose from social relationships, socially disconnected individuals may leverage their religious beliefs for purpose and social comfort until they can reconnect.
The odd one out or a hidden generalist: Hawaiian Melicope (Rutaceae) do not share traits associated with successful island colonization
Authors: Paetzold Claudia , Kiehn Michael , Wood Kenneth R. , Wagner Warren L. , Appelhans Marc S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOceanic islands are unique in their species composition, which is defined by arrival of colonizers via long distance dispersal followed by establishment of species followed in some cases by adaptive radiation. Evolutionary biologists identified traits facilitating successful colonization of islands as including polyploidy, self‐compatibility, herbaceousness and ability for long‐distance dispersal. Successful establishment and evolutionary diversification of lineages on islands often involves shifts to woodiness and shifts in methods of outcrossing as well as changes in dispersal ability. The genus Melicope colonized numerous archipelagos throughout the Pacific including the Hawaiian Islands, where the lineage comprises currently 54 endemic species and represents the largest radiation of woody plants on the islands. The wide distributional range of the genus illustrates its high dispersibility, most likely due to adaption to bird dispersal. Here we investigate ploidy in the genus using flow cytometry and chromosome counting. We find the genus to be paleopolyploid with 2n = 4x = 36, a ploidy level characterizing the entire subfamily Amyridoideae and dating back to at least the Palaeocene. Therefore Hawaiian Melicope have not undergone recent polyploidization prior to colonization of the islands. Thus Melicope retained colonization success while exhibiting a combination of traits that typically characterize well established island specialists while lacking some traits associated to successful colonizers.
Cultural Authority in Comparative Context: A Multilevel Analysis of Trust in Science and Religion
Authors: O'Brien Timothy L. , Noy Shiri 
Published: August 2018

AbstractScience and religion are among the most influential forces for organizing social life around the world, yet we know little about how national context shapes perceptions of them. Using data from the 2008 International Social Survey Program, we begin to fill this gap by investigating cross‐national differences in public attitudes about science, religion, and society. We find that exposure to science is associated with more trust in science relative to religion whereas religiosity is associated with less trust in science relative to religion. Moreover, these relationships are amplified in secular societies and in those where science is prioritized. We argue that secular and scientific societies provide a context in which personal characteristics are more influential in the formation of social attitudes. These results highlight the importance of macro‐level factors for shaping trust in science and religion and for understanding the sources of their influence in society more broadly.
A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study of sacubitril/valsartan (Entresto) in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease
Authors: Newhard Daniel K. , Jung SeungWoo , Winter Randolph L. , Duran Sue H. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe effects of sacubitril/valsartan (S/V) on the renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) are currently unknown.ObjectivesTo determine the pharmacodynamic effects of S/V on the RAAS, natriuretic peptide concentrations, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), tests of renal function, and serum electrolyte concentrations in dogs with cardiomegaly secondary to MMVD.AnimalsThirteen client‐owned dogs weighing 4‐15 kg with American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) Stage B2 MMVD.MethodsProspective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled pilot study of S/V in dogs with ACVIM Stage B2 MMVD.ResultsThirteen dogs were recruited: S/V (n = 7) and placebo (n = 6). The median percentage increase in urinary aldosterone to creatinine ratio (UAldo : C) between day 0 and day 30 was significantly lower in the S/V group (12%;P = .032) as compared with the placebo group (195%). The median percentage decrease of NT‐proBNP concentration from day 0 to day 30 was not statistically different between groups (P = .68). No statistical differences were seen in echocardiographic, thoracic radiographic, SAP, or serum biochemical test results measured at any time point between groups. No adverse events were observed for dogs in either group.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceSacubitril/valsartan may provide a new pharmaceutical method to effectively inhibit the RAAS in dogs with ACVIM Stage B2 MMVD.
Efficacy of tamoxifen for the treatment of severe equine asthma
Authors: Mainguy‐Seers Sophie , Picotte Khristine , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundTamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, decreased airway neutrophilia and improved clinical signs in an experimental model of equine asthma, and induced neutrophilic apoptosis in vitro.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTamoxifen reduces airway neutrophilia and improves lung function in severe asthmatic horses.AnimalsTwelve severe asthmatic horses from a research herd.MethodsRandomized controlled blinded study design. The effects of a 12‐day oral treatment with tamoxifen (0.22 mg/kg, q24h) or dexamethasone (0.06 mg/kg, q24h) on lung function, endoscopic tracheal mucus score and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology were compared.ResultsTamoxifen significantly improved the pulmonary resistance (RL; mean reduction of 1.15 cm H2O/L/s [CI: 0.29‐2.01,P= .007] on day 13), but had no effect on the other variables evaluated. Dexamethasone normalized lung function (mean reduction ofRLof 2.48 cm H2O/L/s [CI: 1.54‐3.43,P< .0001] on day 13), without affecting airway neutrophilia.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceResults of this study do not support the use of tamoxifen at the dose studied as an antineutrophilic medication in the treatment of asthmatic horses in chronic exacerbation.
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of tolfenamic acid in sheep
Authors: Corum Orhan , Corum Duygu Durna , Er Ayse , Yildiz Ramazan , Uney Kamil 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and tolerability of tolfenamic acid (TA) were determined after treating sheep withTAvia different routes and doses. This crossover study was carried out with a washout period of 15 days. In the study, 16 clinically healthy sheep were randomly assigned to two equal groups. In the first group (n = 8), animals receivedTAby intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), subcutaneous (SC), or oral (OR) routes at 2 mg/kg. In the second group (n = 8),TAwas administered intravenously to each sheep at 2, 4, 8, and 16 mg/kg. Plasma samples were analyzed with a high‐performance liquid chromatography assay. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses were used to evaluate the data. The area under the concentration–time curves (AUC0−∞), elimination half‐life (t1/2ʎz), and the mean residence time (MRT) significantly differed among the administration routes at 2 mg/kg ofTA. FollowingIM,SC, andORadministrations,TAdemonstrated different peak concentrations (Cmax) and time to reachCmax(Tmax), with a bioavailability of 163%, 127%, and 107%, respectively. The dose‐normalizedAUC0−∞revealed a significant difference among the dose groups; however, the relationship between dose andAUC0−∞was linear. Botht1/2ʎzandMRTincreased depending on the dose. Although the total clearance (ClT) decreased depending on dose, the volume of distribution at steady‐state (Vss) increased. Tolfenamic acid indicated a long half‐life and high bioavailability followingIM,SC, andORadministrations at 2 mg/kg.TAexhibited linear kinetics and was well tolerated by the animals, except at 16 mg/kg. Thus,TAmay be used in different routes and doses (≤8 mg/kg) in sheep; however, further studies are needed to determine the clinical efficacy ofTAduring the inflammatory and painful conditions and the pharmacokinetics and safety of repeated administration in sheep.
Evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties of vitacoxib in fasted and fed horses
Authors: Wang Jianzhong , Xue Jiao , Kong Jingyuan , Li Jing , Zhang Suxia , Cao Xingyuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe pharmacokinetic properties of vitacoxib have not been established completely; current dosage recommendations are based on clinical experiences. The primary objective of this study was to describe plasma concentrations and characterize the pharmacokinetics of vitacoxib formulation following oral administrations in horses. Also, the effect of the state of stomach contents on the absorption of vitacoxib was investigated in fed/fasted horses. Blood samples were collected prior to and at various times up to 72 hr post‐administration. Drug concentrations were measured using ultra high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using Non‐Compartmental Analysis Model 200 in WinNonlin™ software. No complications resulting from the vitacoxib administration were noted. All procedures were tolerated well by the horses throughout the study.Cmaxwas 17.5 ± 9.36 ng/ml (fasted) and 9.47 ± 3.53 ng/ml (fed) following oral administrations.AUClastwas 173.7 ± 137.9 ng hr/ml (fasted) and 113.2 ± 70.8 ng h/ml (fed). No significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters were noted and the results from the pharmacokinetic analysis were similar between the studies, regardless of precision of dosage and fasted and fed conditions. The study extends previous studies describing the pharmacokinetics of vitacoxib following p.o. administration to the horses. Further studies investigating the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of vitacoxib are necessary to establish adequate therapeutic protocols (optimal dosage and frequency of administration) in horses.
Sex differences in timing and context of dispersal in Damaraland mole‐rats (Fukomys damarensis)
Authors: Torrents‐Ticó M. , Bennett N. C. , Jarvis J. U. M. , Zöttl M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDispersal behaviour in cooperatively breeding mammals often differs between the sexes, which can affect how individuals of both sexes compete for breeding opportunities. However, it is largely unknown how the males and females in social mole‐rats differ in frequency, timing and social context of dispersal. Here we show, in Damaraland mole‐rats (Fukomys damarensis), that rainfall increases dispersal probabilities in both sexes. Dispersal is male biased with males dispersing earlier and more frequently in dispersal coalitions than females. Most non‐reproductive individuals disperse from the natal groups before reproducing. Territory inheritance is rare, but when it occurs, female non‐breeders inherit the breeding position from the precious breeding female. After dispersing from the natal group, males are more likely than females to join other established groups and to replace the resident breeder. Our study suggests that differences in dispersal strategy may generate contrasts in intra‐sexual competition, where male breeders are more often challenged by competitors from outside the group and female breeders may face higher competition from individuals within the group.
Immediate interviewing increases children's suggestibility in the short term, but not in the long term
Authors: Otgaar Henry , Chan Jason C. K. , Calado Bruna , La Rooy David 
Published: August 2018

PurposeChildren sometimes receive misinformation after being formally interviewed about their experiences in cases of suspected abuse. Following decades of research, many guidelines have been produced for interviewers so they can obtain reliable statements in children, like, for example, the NICHD protocol. One might expect that completing an early interview following research‐based guidelines might guard against the incorporation of misinformation encountered later. The goal of the current experiments was to examine whether following research‐based guidelines such as the NICHD protocol might protect child witnesses against follow‐up ‘misinformation’ or make them more vulnerable to misinformation. This increased vulnerability to misinformation has been referred to as retrieval‐enhanced suggestibility.MethodsIn two experiments, children viewed a video and half of them were interviewed using the NICHD protocol, while the other half were not interviewed. The children received misinformation and a final memory test either immediately after being interviewed (Experiment 1) or 1 week later (Experiment 2).ResultsRetrieval‐enhanced suggestibility was observed when misinformation was presented immediately but not when it was provided after 1 week.ConclusionsThe current experiments indicate that a well‐established interview protocol can, under some circumstances, amplify levels of suggestibility in children.