bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estudo de parasitoses intestinais em moradores de corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Silva Raquel Santos Batista da , Malheiros Antonio Francisco , Santos Debora Pereira dos , Shaw Jeffrey Jon , Araújo Marta dos Santos Miranda de , Moraes Maria de Fátima de Almeida de , Campos Wilton Nelson Lançoni de 
Published: October 2019

As doenças causadas por enteroparasitas intestinais, helmintos e protozoários, são comuns no mundo, pois, acometem adultos e principalmente as crianças atingindo altos índices de contaminações, as parasitoses estão entre os grandes problemas medico-sanitários, sendo mais frequente em países subdesenvolvidos pela deficiência de saneamento básico. O presente estudo teve como objetivo diagnosticar a ocorrência de parasitoses intestinais em escolares de 05 a 15 anos e adultos a partir de 16 anos na Escola Municipal Izabel Correia de Oliveira, Escola Estadual Tilma Fernandes Veiga e na Estratégia Saúde da Família, (ESF), na cidade de Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletados 200 amostras fecais mediante a autorização da diretora e agentes de saúde sendo, 100 de crianças e 100 de adultos realizada pela equipe do laboratório de Parasitologia da Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso – UNEMAT, Brasil. O material fecal foi etiquetado e enumerado como local de coleta, idade e sexo e acondicionadas em caixas térmicas com gelo em seguida encaminhado para o laboratório de Parasitologia da UNEMAT. Para a análise laboratorial foi utilizado o método de Hoffmann ou sedimentação espontânea, na sequencia foram preparadas lâminas e analisadas no microscópio óptico em objetiva de 10x e 40 x onde foi possível visualizar cistos de protozoários e ovos de helmintos. Das 200 amostras de fezes de humanos 111 foram negativas e 89 positivas para ao menos uma espécie de parasitas intestinais, obteve uma prevalência de 86,90 para protozoários dentre eles foram E. coli 34,83% seguido de e. nana,24,70%, Giardia lamblia 20,22%, E. histolytica 16.85%, %, Blastocystis spp. 3,37% e Sarcocystis spp. 3,37%. Helmintos obteve 13,10%, sendo o mais prevalência Trichuris sp com 7,80% seguido do Acaris lumbricoides, 4,49%, Enterobius vermiculares 1,12%, Taenia sp. 1.12% Fasciola hepatica 1,12%. Dentre os parasitas encontrados constatou maior prevalência para o sexo feminino 57%, para faixa etária obteve 58,50 de positividade para crianças de 05 a 15 em relação os adultos a partir de 16 ano 28,20%, e ainda 65% da população estudada estão monoparasitadas e 34% se encontra poliparasitadas. Frente aos resultados foi possível perceber uma alta positividade na população estudada contaminada por parasitas intestinais, indica que o município de Corumbá MS precisa de maior investimento de saneamento básico, e a população necessita de melhores condições de hábitos de higiene pessoal-sanitária, pois a profilaxia é das medidas preventivas não só pela ausência da doença mas pelo bem estar das famílias.
Gamma Knife® icon CBCT offers improved localization workflow for frame‐based treatment
Authors: Duggar William N. , Morris Bart , Fatemi Ali , Bonds Jemeria , He Rui , Kanakamedala Madhava , Rey‐Dios Roberto , Vijayakumar Srinivasan , Yang Claus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectThe purpose of this study was to compare two methods of stereotactic localization in Gamma Knife treatment planning: cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) or fiducial. While the fiducial method is the traditional method of localization, CBCT is now available for use with the Gamma Knife Icon. This study seeks to determine whether a difference exists between the two methods and then whether one is better than the other regarding accuracy and workflow optimization.MethodsCone beam computed tomography was used to define stereotactic space around the Elekta Film Pinprick phantom and then treated with film in place. The same phantom was offset known amounts from center and then imaged with CBCT and registered with the reference CBCT image to determine if measured offsets matched those known. Ten frameless and 10 frame‐based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to CBCT patient fusions were retrospectively evaluated using the TG‐132 TRE method. The stereotactic coordinates defined by CBCT and traditional fiducials were compared on the Elekta 8 cm Ball phantom, an anthropomorphic phantom, and actual patient data. Offsets were introduced to the anthropomorphic phantom in the stereotactic frame and CBCT's ability to detect those offsets was determined.ResultsCone beam computed tomography defines stereotactic space well within the established limits of the mechanical alignment system. The CBCT to CBCT registration can detect offsets accurately to within 0.1 mm and 0.5°. In all cases, some disagreement existed between fiducial localization and that of CBCT which in some cases was small, but also was as high as 0.43 mm in the phantom domain and as much as 1.54 mm in actual patients.ConclusionCone beam computed tomography demonstrates consistent accuracy in defining stereotactic space. Since both localization methods do not agree with each other consistently, the more reliable method must be identified. Cone beam computed tomography can accurately determine offsets occurring within stereotactic space that would be nondiscernible utilizing the fiducial method and seems to be more reliable. Using CBCT localization offers the opportunity to streamline workflow both from a patient and clinic perspective and also shows patient position immediately prior to treatment.
Uncalcined TS‐2 immobilized Au nanoparticles as a bifunctional catalyst to boost direct propylene epoxidation with H2 and O2
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Zhao Xuan , Wang Gang , Xu Jialun , Lu Mengke , Tang Yanqiang , Fu Wenzhao , Duan Xuezhi , Qian Gang , Chen De , Zhou Xinggui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeveloping stable yet efficient Au–Ti bifunctional catalysts is important but challenging for direct propylene epoxidation with H2 and O2. This work describes a novel strategy of employing uncalcined titanium silicalite‐2 (TS‐2‐B) to immobilize Au nanoparticles as a bifunctional catalyst for the reaction. Under no promoter effects, the Au/TS‐2‐B catalyst compared to the referenced Au/TS‐1‐B catalyst delivers outstanding catalytic performance, that is, exceptionally high stability over 100 hr, propylene oxide (PO) formation rate of 118 gPO·hr−1·kgcat−1, PO selectivity of 90% and hydrogen efficiency of 35%. The plausible relationship of catalyst structure and performance is established by using multiple techniques, such as UV–vis, high‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. A unique synergy of Au–Ti4+–Ti3+ triple sites is proposed for our developed Au/TS‐2‐B catalyst with the higher stable PO formation rate and hydrogen efficiency. The insights reported here could shed new light on the rational design of highly stable and efficient Au–Ti bifunctional catalysts for the reaction.
Novel and lethal case of cardiac involvement in DNM1L mitochondrial encephalopathy
Authors: Vandeleur Daron , Chen Constance V. , Huang Eric J. , Connolly Andrew J. , Sanchez Henry , Moon‐Grady Anita J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPathogenic DNM1L mutations cause a mitochondrial disorder with a highly variable clinical phenotype characterized by developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures, microcephaly, poor feeding, ocular abnormalities, and dysarthria. We report the case of an 8‐month‐old female with autosomal dominant, de novo DNM1L c. 1228G>A (p. E410K) mutation and mitochondrial disorder, septo‐optic dysplasia, hypotonia, developmental delay, elevated blood lactate, and severe mitochondrial cardiomyopathy leading to nonischemic congestive heart failure and cardiogenic shock resulting in death. This case suggests that cardiac involvement, previously undescribed, can be a clinically important feature of this syndrome and should be screened for at diagnosis.
Clinical consequences of developmental programming of low nephron number
Authors: Luyckx Valerie A. , Brenner Barry M. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTNephron number in humans varies up to 13‐fold, likely reflecting the impact of multiple factors on kidney development, including inherited body size and ethnicity, as well as maternal health and nutrition, fetal exposure to gestational diabetes or preeclampsia and other environmental factors, which may potentially be modifiable. Such conditions predispose to low or high offspring birth weight, growth restriction or preterm birth, which have all been associated with increased risks of higher blood pressures and/or kidney dysfunction in later life. Low birth weight, preterm birth, and intrauterine growth restriction are associated with reduced nephron numbers. Humans with hypertension and chronic kidney disease tend to have fewer nephrons than their counterparts with normal blood pressures or kidney function. A developmentally programmed reduction in nephron number therefore enhances an individual's susceptibility to hypertension and kidney disease in later life. A low nephron number at birth may not lead to kidney dysfunction alone except when severe, but in the face of superimposed acute or chronic kidney injury, a kidney endowed with fewer nephrons may be less able to adapt, and overt kidney disease may develop. Given that millions of babies are born either too small, too big or too soon each year, the population impact of altered renal programming is likely to be significant. Many gestational exposures are modifiable, therefore urgent attention is required to implement public health measures to optimize maternal, fetal, and child health, to prevent or mitigate the consequences of developmental programming, to improve the health future generations.
Cetacean Orbital Muscles: Anatomy and Function of the Circular Layers
Authors: Meshida Keiko , Lin Stephen , Domning Daryl P. , Reidenberg Joy S. , Wang Paul , Gilland Edwin 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTDissections of cetacean orbits identified two distinct circular muscle layers that are uniquely more elaborate than the orbitalis muscles described in numerous mammals. The circular orbital muscles in cetaceans form layers that lie both external and internal to the rectus extra ocular muscles (EOMs). A cone‐shaped external circular muscle (ECM) that invests the external surface of the rectus EOMs was found in all cetacean specimens examined. The cetacean ECM corresponds generally to descriptions of the musculus orbitalis in various mammals but is more strongly developed and has more layers than in noncetaceans. A newly identified internal circular muscle (ICM) is located internal to the rectus EOMs and external to the retractor bulbi (RB). The RB is massive in cetaceans and is encased in a connective tissue layer containing convoluted bundles of blood vessels. The most robust ECM and ICM layers were in sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus) where they form complete rings. Surprisingly, histological analysis showed the sperm whale ECM to contain both smooth and striated (skeletal) muscle layers while the ICM appeared to contain solely skeletal muscle fibers. The extreme development of the ECM (orbitalis) and RB suggest a co‐evolved system mediating high degrees of protrusion and retraction in cetaceans. We know of no homolog of the ICM but its function seems likely related to the complex vascular structures surrounding and deep to the retractor muscle. Skeletal muscle components in orbital circular muscles appear to be highly derived specializations unknown outside of cetaceans. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:1792–1811, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Novel and Bizarre Abnormalities of the Tooth Row in Side‐Blotched Lizards (Uta) and Rock Lizards (Petrosaurus)
Authors: Scarpetta Simon G. , Bell Christopher J. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMultiple tooth rows along the dentary or maxilla are present in many bony and cartilaginous fishes but occur infrequently in amniotes. Although two partially overlapping rows of teeth or a few doubled tooth positions were both previously reported in extant and extinct lizards, multiple rows of teeth across the entire dental or maxillary shelf were not previously documented in any lizard taxon. Here, we report one specimen of the side‐blotched lizard Uta stansburiana and two specimens of the rock lizard Petrosaurus mearnsi that have two or more marginal tooth rows that overlap for most of the dental shelf. We also describe several other phrynosomatid lizard specimens with one or two doubled tooth positions per marginal tooth‐bearing skeletal element. We examined 520 total specimens of pleurodont iguanian lizards and verified that aberrant tooth row and tooth position morphologies were almost exclusively present in phrynosomatid lizards. We hypothesize that developmental irregularities in the number of odontogenic bands or in the function of zones of inhibition may have resulted in the observed tooth row abnormalities. The expression of multiple tooth rows or doubled tooth positions may be phylogenetically informative morphologies of phrynosomatid lizards. This bears further investigation from developmental, genetic, ecological, and phylogenetic perspectives. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:2014–2025, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Scaling of Anatomically Derived Maximal Bite Force in Primates
Authors: Deutsch Ashley R. , Dickinson Edwin , Leonard Kaitlyn C. , Pastor Francisco , Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Hartstone‐Rose Adam 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTBy combining muscle architectural data with biomechanical variables relating to the jaw, we produce anatomically derived maximum bite force estimations for 23 species of catarrhine and platyrrhine primates. We investigate how bite force scales across the sample as a whole (and within each parvorder) relative to two size proxies, body mass and cranial geometric mean, and the effect of diet upon bite force. Bite force is estimated at three representative bite points along the dental row: the first maxillary incisor, canine, and third‐most mesial paracone. We modeled bite force by combining calculated physiological cross‐sectional area of the jaw adductors from Hartstone‐Rose et al. [Anat Rec 301 (2018) 311–324] with osteological measurements of lever‐ and load‐arm lengths from the same specimens [Hartstone‐Rose et al., Anat Rec 295 (2012) 1336–1351]. Bite force scales with positive allometry relative to cranial geometric mean across our entire sample and tends toward positive allometry relative to body mass. Bite force tends toward positive allometry within platyrrhines but scales isometrically within catarrhines. There was no statistically significant scaling difference with diet. Our findings imply an absence of a dietary signal in the scaling of bite force, a result that differs from the scaling of physiological cross‐sectional area alone. That is, although previous studies have found a dietary signal in the muscle fiber architecture in these species, when these are combined with their leverages, that signal is undetectable. On the parvorder level, our data also demonstrate that the platyrrhine masticatory system appears more mechanically advantageous than that of catarrhines. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy Anat Rec, 303:2026–2035, 2020. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy
Virtual Reality in Anatomy: A Pilot Study Evaluating Different Delivery Modalities
Authors: Birbara Nicolette S. , Sammut Claude , Pather Nalini 
Published: October 2019

Technologies such as virtual reality are used in higher education to develop virtual learning resources (VLRs). These VLRs can be delivered in multiple modalities, from truly immersive involving wearable devices to less immersive modalities such as desktop. However, research investigating perceptions of VLRs in anatomy has mainly focused on a single delivery modality and a limited‐demographic participant cohort, warranting a comparison of different modalities and a consideration of different cohorts. This pilot study aimed to compare perceptions of highly immersive and less immersive VLR deliveries among anatomy students and tutors and evaluate the impact of prior university experience on students' perceptions of VLRs. A skull anatomy VLR was developed using the Unity® gaming platform and participants were voluntarily recruited to assess highly immersive stereoscopic and less immersive desktop deliveries of the VLR. A validated survey tool was used to gather perceptions of both deliveries. Most participants agreed that both VLR deliveries were interesting and engaging and provided an immersive experience. Anatomy students perceived the stereoscopic delivery to be significantly more useful for understanding (P = 0.013), while anatomy tutors perceived the desktop delivery as more useful. A degree of physical discomfort and disorientation was reported by some participants for both deliveries, although to a greater extent for the stereoscopic delivery. The stereoscopic delivery was also found to be more mentally taxing than desktop delivery. These results suggest that desktop VLR delivery may minimize the risk of discomfort and disorientation associated with more immersive modalities while still providing a valuable learning experience.
Effect of forename string on author name disambiguation
Authors: Kim Jinseok , Kim Jenna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn author name disambiguation, author forenames are used to decide which name instances are disambiguated together and how much they are likely to refer to the same author. Despite such a crucial role of forenames, their effect on the performance of heuristic (string matching) and algorithmic disambiguation is not well understood. This study assesses the contributions of forenames in author name disambiguation using multiple labeled data sets under varying ratios and lengths of full forenames, reflecting real‐world scenarios in which an author is represented by forename variants (synonym) and some authors share the same forenames (homonym). The results show that increasing the ratios of full forenames substantially improves both heuristic and machine‐learning‐based disambiguation. Performance gains by algorithmic disambiguation are pronounced when many forenames are initialized or homonyms are prevalent. As the ratios of full forenames increase, however, they become marginal compared to those by string matching. Using a small portion of forename strings does not reduce much the performances of both heuristic and algorithmic disambiguation methods compared to using full‐length strings. These findings provide practical suggestions, such as restoring initialized forenames into a full‐string format via record linkage for improved disambiguation performances.
Perfusion process combining low temperature and valeric acid for enhanced recombinant factor VIII production
Authors: Coronel Juliana , Heinrich Christoph , Klausing Sandra , Noll Thomas , Figueredo‐Cardero Alvio , Castilho Leda R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPerfusion operation mode remains the preferred platform for production of labile biopharmaceuticals (e.g., blood factors) and is also being increasingly adopted for production of stable products (e.g., monoclonal antibodies). Regardless of the product, process development typically aims at maximizing production capacity. In this work, we investigated the impact of perfusion cultivation conditions on process productivity for production of human factor VIII (FVIII). Recombinant CHO cells were cultivated in bioreactors coupled to inclined settlers and the effects of reducing the temperature to 31°C with or without valeric acid (VA) supplementation were evaluated. Increases in cell specific productivity (qp) up to 2.4‐fold (FVIII concentration) and up to 3.0‐fold (FVIII biological activity) were obtained at 31°C with VA compared to the control at 37°C. Biological activity is the most important quality attribute for FVIII and was positively affected by mild hypothermia in combination with the chemical inducer. The low temperature conditions resulted in enhanced product transcript levels, suggesting that the higher qp is related to the increased mRNA levels. Furthermore, a high‐producer subclone was evaluated under the perfusion conditions optimized for the parental clone (31°C with VA), yielding increases in qp of 6‐fold and 15‐fold compared to the parental clone cultivated under the same condition and at 37°C, respectively. The proposed perfusion strategy enables increased product formation without increasing production costs, being potentially applicable to perfusion production of other CHO‐derived biopharmaceuticals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the benefits of perfusion combining mild hypothermia with VA supplementation.
Biotransformation of lignin: Mechanisms, applications and future work
Authors: Li Xiang , Zheng Yi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs one of the most abundant polymers in biosphere, lignin has attracted extensive attention as a kind of promising feedstock for biofuel and bio‐based products. However, the utilization of lignin presents various challenges in that its complex composition and structure and high resistance to degradation. Lignin conversion through biological platform harnesses the catalytic power of microorganisms to decompose complex lignin molecules and obtain value‐added products through biosynthesis. Given the heterogeneity of lignin, various microbial metabolic pathways are involved in lignin bioconversion processes, which has been characterized in extensive research work. With different types of lignin substrates (e.g., model compounds, technical lignin, and lignocellulosic biomass), several bacterial and fungal species have been proved to own lignin‐degrading abilities and accumulate microbial products (e.g., lipid and polyhydroxyalkanoates), while the lignin conversion efficiencies are still relatively low. Genetic and metabolic strategies have been developed to enhance lignin biodegradation by reprogramming microbial metabolism, and diverse products, such as vanillin and dicarboxylic acids were also produced from lignin. This article aims at presenting a comprehensive review on lignin bioconversion including lignin degradation mechanisms, metabolic pathways, and applications for the production of value‐added bioproducts. Advanced techniques on genetic and metabolic engineering are also covered in the recent development of biological platforms for lignin utilization. To conclude this article, the existing challenges for efficient lignin bioprocessing are analyzed and possible directions for future work are proposed.