bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Wehrmacht und der Kommissarbefehl. Neue Forschungsergebnisse
Authors: Römer Felix 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Der sogenannte Kommissarbefehl vom Juni 1941 verpflichtete die deutschen Fronttruppen zur sofortigen Tötung aller gefangenen Politoffiziere der Roten Armee – ein zentrales Element in Hitlers Vernichtungskrieg gegen die Sowjetunion. Bis in die Gegenwart blieb die Geschichte dieses völkerrechtswidrigen Befehls umstritten. Erst vor kurzem erfolgte die vollständige Auswertung aller diesbezüglichen Wehrmachtakten. Die quantifizierende Analyse der deutschen Quellen von der Ostfront zeigt: Es gab kaum einen Frontverband, der den Kommissarbefehl nicht befolgte. Obwohl beträchtliche Handlungsspielräume bestanden, nutzten nur wenige Truppenführer sie dazu aus, den Befehl zu umgehen. Der Vernichtungspolitik setzten letztlich allein die äußeren Umstände und das Scheitern des Feldzugs Grenzen. Die zuletzt in der Forschung geäußerte These, dass die Fronttruppen den Kommissarbefehl zurückhaltender umgesetzt hätten als die rückwärtigen Besatzungsformationen, findet dagegen keine Bestätigung. Dies zeigen auch die Befunde aus den alliierten Vernehmungslagern: Wenn die abgehörten Wehrmachtsoldaten dort überhaupt vom Kommissarbefehl sprachen, dann von seiner gehorsamen Durchführung.
“Das süße Gift des Pazifismus”? Die westdeutschen Katholiken und das Ringen um ein neues Friedensdenken, 1979-1983
Authors: Gerster Daniel 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Friedensdiskussionen und -proteste der frühen 1980er Jahre gingen auch an den Katholiken der Bundesrepublik Deutschland nicht spurlos vorbei. Zum ersten Mal seit 1945 setzte sich eine nicht unerhebliche Anzahl von ihnen mit den Themen “Krieg” und “Frieden” auseinander. Der vorliegende Artikel nimmt die verschiedenen katholischen Akteure in den Blick und untersucht, wie sie sich in der gesamtgesellschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung verorteten und ob sie ein eigenes, genuin katholisches Friedensverständnis entwickelt haben. Die Untersuchung kommt dabei zu dem Ergebnis, dass Ausmaß und Richtung des Engagements stark von Stellung und Anliegen der verschiedenen Akteure geprägt war. Die reformorientierte Initiative “Kirche von unten” suchte beispielsweise in der Koalitionsbildung mit nicht-katholischen Friedensaktivisten generelle Unterstützung für ihre Anliegen suchte. Gruppen wie der katholischen Friedensbewegung “Pax Christi” die sich aus ihrem Selbstverständnis heraus stärker im katholischem Raum verorteten, ging es dagegen darum, innerkatholische Diskussionen in Gang zu bringen. Nimmt man das Wahlergebnis vom März 1983 in den Blick schein das Gros der westdeutschen Katholiken indessen weiterhin einer konservativen Sicherheitspolitik anzuhängen.
Pengaruh Penambahan Iota Karaginan pada Ekstraksi Agarosa dari Agar Agar menggunakan Cetyl Piridinium Klorida.
Authors: Subaryono Subaryono , B.S.B. Utomo B.S.B. Utomo , T. Wikanta T. Wikanta , N. Satriyana N. Satriyana 
Published: May 2018

Penelitian pemurnian agarosa dari agar‑agar menggunakan cetyl piridinium klorida dengan penambahan iota karaginan telah dilakukan. Faktor yang diteliti adalah besarnya penambahan iota karaginan yang digunakan dalarn proses tersebut ( 0%; 0,5% ; 1%; 1,5% dari bobot rumput laut kering) terhadap kualitas agarosa yang dihasilkan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi rendemen agarosa, kadar air, kadar sulfat, kadar 3,6‑anhidro‑galaktosa, kekuatan gel, suhu pembentukan gel, dan suhu pelelehan gel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi iota karaginan yang paling baik digunakan pada proses tersebut adalah 1 %, yang menghasilkan agarosa dengan kadar sulfat sebesar 0,59% dan kekuatan gel sebesar 188,14 g/cm'. Perlakuan tersebut tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap rendemen, kadar air, kadar 3,6‑anhidro‑galaktosa, suhu pembentukan gel dan suhu pelelehan gelnya.
STUDY ON THERMOLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF K2GdF5:Tb3+
Authors: Vinh Ha Xuan 
Published: May 2018

In this article, K2GdF5 substance was doped by various Tb3+ ion with concentrations 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 mol%, and the materials were synthesized by the solid state reaction method. The K2GdF5 material had orthorhombic structure of Pnam symmetry with the wrinkled surface structure shown on SEM images. The fluorescence spectrum indicated that the luminescence property of this material was due to the Tb3+ ions. In the thermoluminescence (TL) investigation, the glow curves of K2GdF5:Tb3+ owned three peaks at 196, 236 and 305 °C when measuring at 2 °C/s heating rate, the main peak (at 196 oC) could be used to determine the dose by the TL method. The sensitivity, linearity and responsivity to different radiation doses of materials were also examined. In addition, some of the thermoluminescence responses of materials with neutron doses were also investigated. The results showed this materials own thermoluminescence properties, which could be applied in measuring nuclear radiation including neutron doses.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) APPLICATION OF Fe3O4 BASED FERROFLUID SYNTHESIZED BY THERMAL DECOMPOSITION USING POLY (MALEIC ANHYDRIDE -ALT-1-OCTADECENE) (PMAO)
Authors: Tam Le The 
Published: May 2018

The Fe3O4 fluid synthesis by thermal decomposition method carried out in organic solvents with high boiling temperatures disposes a possibility of creating high-quality nanoparticles with uniform particle size and high degree of crystallization. In this paper, Fe3O4 fluid was prepared by thermal decomposition using poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) as a phase transfer ligand. The crystalline structure, morphology and magnetic property of the as-prepared samples were thoroughly characterized. The results demonstrated that the magnetic Fe3O4 nanomaterial was formed in liquid phase with spinel single phase structure, average size of 13-16 nm, and high saturation magnetization (up to 70 emu/g). Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated with biocompatible poly (maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO) were synthesized for use as an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) contrast agent. The spin-lattice (T1) and the spin-spin (T2) relaxation times of the nuclear spins (hydrogen protons) in aqueous solutions of various concentrations of coated ferrite nanoparticles were determined using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer. The MRI image was detected with higher contrast in comparison with that before injecting. By comparing with the MRI images taken in T1 weighted the T2 weighted images are clearer. The MRI images of a rabbit taken by the T2 weighted which shows that our coated ferrite nanoparticles can be used as a T2 MRI contrast agent.
Transnational Identities of Dutch Nazi-Collaborators and their Struggle for Integration into the National Community
Authors: Tames Ismee , Romijn Peter 
Published: May 2018

Transnational Identities of Dutch Nazi-Collaborators and their Struggle for Integration into the National Community This article aims to shed light on how Nazi collaborators’ transnational encounters and exchanges generated attitudes and outlooks that are different and more diverse than those that one would be able to find when focusing solely on the issue of reintegration from the perspective of the nation-state framework. Military service in the German forces produced significant reconfigurations in the sense of identity and belonging of these non-German Nazis. Highlighting the Dutch example, we argue that such far-reaching experiences strongly affected the position to which these people aspired in the restored post-war nation-state. We will demonstrate their ambition to adapt their own outlook in some respects to the guiding principles of their liberal-democratic surroundings, and indicate the limitations as well as the opportunities that both state and society provided in the process.
Unable to Hate? Some Comparative Remarks on the War Experiences of Spaniards and Italianson the Eastern Front,1941–1944
Authors: Seixas Xosé M. Núñez 
Published: May 2018

Unable to Hate? Some Comparative Remarks on the War Experience of Spaniards and Italians on the Eastern Front, 1941-44 The article addresses the similarities and differences between the Spanish and the Italian war experiences on the Eastern front (1941–1945) from a comparative perspective. Although both contingents, when seen from the German perspective, might have been considered to share similar characteristics, and they implemented relatively benevolent practices of occupation towards Soviet civilians, prisoners of war and Jews, there was also a huge imbalance regarding the figures of soldiers deployed on the East, as well as the numbers of prisoners of war. The Spaniards and the Italians fought on different sectors of the front, and were subject to quite diverse combat conditions, which set the condition for different degrees of brutalisation. Finally, the Italian withdrawal of 1942 left a tragic imprint on the memory of the Russian campaign of the survivors, while a comparable event did not exist in the Spanish case. Yet, the main similarity between the Spaniards and the Italians lies in the narratives and politics of memory regarding their participation at the Eastern front, which were developed by war veterans and the states of both countries during the post-war years. Regardless of the political differences between the Francoist regime and the Italian democracy, an enduring legend in the two countries emerged that presented the invading soldiers as «nice occupants», which were supposedly cleaner than the «clean Wehrmacht», while they attempted to detach themselves from the German war crimes in the East.
Item and Structure Evaluation of the Genomic Nursing Concept Inventory
Authors: Ward Linda D. , Barbosa-Leiker Celestina , French Brian F. 
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose:Genomic nursing education requires a genomic literacy assessment supported by evidence of reliability and validity. This study applied psychometric analyses to provide support for the Genomic Nursing Concept Inventory (GNCI).Methods:Over nine semesters, baccalaureate nursing students (N = 1,065) completed the GNCI on the first and last days of genomics instruction. Psychometric analyses assessed scale and item performance pre- and post-instruction.Results:Exploratory factor analysis supported scale unidimensionality and identified items with low pattern coefficients. Analyses supported test–retest and internal consistency reliability and criterion validity. Scale difficulty decreased by 28% from pre- to post-instruction. Underperforming items were identified for further inventory refinement.Conclusions:Findings support use of the GNCI to measure learning needs pre-instruction and learning gains post-instruction. Data also inform planned inventory revision.
Nursing Group Empowerment: Instrument Revision
Authors: Sieloff Christina L. , Downey Marty , Muller Rebecca L. 
Published: May 2018

Background and Purpose:The Sieloff–King Assessment of Group Empowerment Within Organizations (SKAGEO) has demonstrated consistent reliability and validity, although past participants reported the need for revisions to further improve its clarity and ease of use in research. The purpose of this research was to use focus groups to revise the SKAGEO.Methods:Two focus groups were held (seven RNs and one student nurse). Thematic analysis was used to analyze the focus group discussions.Results:Five major themes, and eleven subthemes, were identified as areas for future revisions to further improve the instrument’s clarity and use in research.Conclusions:Revisions in the SKAGEO, based on the areas identified by the focus groups, would result in an instrument that would more easily be understood and incorporated into research.
Treatment of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: State of the Art
Authors: Oliveira-Pinto José , Sousa Joel , Mansilha Armando 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm has been increasingly advocated due to short term benefits. Most observational studies point towards survival advantage for endovascular aneurysm repair over open repair. However, randomized clinical trials already performed did not support this data. The aim of this review is to compare post-operative outcomes between endovascular aneurysm repair and open surgery for the treatment of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms.Materials and Methods: MEDLINE databases were searched to access outcomes after endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and open repair for ruptured abdominal aneurysm repair. All the randomized controlled trials were included. Large and contemporary observational studies were also considered.Results: Thirty day mortality ranged between 18% - 53% for endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and between 24% - 53% for open repair. Post-operative complications ranged between 33% - 77% for endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and 37% - 80% for open repair. In hospital stay ranged between 8.5 and 14.3 days for endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and between 12.2 and 20.5 days for open repair. Intensive care unit days ranged between 1.75 - 4.2 days for endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm and 2.5 - 6.3 days for open repair.Discussion: Survival benefit is found for endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in most observational studies, but those are not reproduced by randomized controlled trials data. However, endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm showed less post-operative complications and hospitalization days.Conclusion: Endovascular aneurysm repair for ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm should be considered as first line of treatment in centers with expertise and proper facilities.
Association of S100B Serum Levels with Metabolic Syndrome and its Components
Authors: Kheirouri Sorayya , Ebrahimi Elham , Alizadeh Mohammad 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: We aimed to compare serum levels of S100B between patients with metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects and to investigate the association of S100B with components of the metabolic syndrome.Materials and Methods: In this study, 44 patients with metabolic syndrome and 44 healthy subjects participated. The participants’ body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Serum levels of low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, insulin, S100B protein were determined by enzymatic and ELISA methods.Results: The participants with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher levels of S100B than those in the control group (p < 0.0001). Serum levels of S100B protein were positively correlated with abdominal obesity (rho = 0.26; p = 0.01) and serum levels of triglyceride (rho = 0.26; p = 0.01). Moreover, serum levels of S100B were higher in subjects with abdominal obesity (p = 0.02), with higher serum triglyceride levels (p = 0.03) and with hypertension (p = 0.01).Conclusion: The findings indicate that there may be a link between S100B protein with abdominal obesity and serum levels of triglycerides. This warrants further research to elucidate whether increased S100B levels in patients with metabolic syndrome are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders.
Xantomas Eruptivos: Manifestação Cardinal de Distúrbio Metabólico Grave
Authors: Santiago Luis , Pinho André , Cardoso José Carlos 
Published: May 2018

Os xantomas eruptivos resultam de uma deposição rápida intracelular e dérmica de lípidos e constituem um importante sinal de risco cardiovascular, com impacto prognóstico. Os autores descrevem o caso de um homem de 47 anos com múltiplas pápulas distribuídas nas nádegas, região lombar, parede abdominal, cotovelos e pescoço com dois meses de evolução, cupuliformes, amareladas, firmes e pouco pruriginosas. Os antecedentes pessoais incluíam abuso etílico, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e dislipidemia não medicadas, além de início recente de terapêutica com olanzapina por síndrome depressivo. Os exames complementares mostraram hipertrigliceridemia (7474 mg/dL), hipercolesterolemia (1054 mg/dL) e hemoglobina A1c de 12,1%. O estudo histopatológico de uma pápula do flanco esquerdo revelou numerosos histiócitos xantomizados na derme confirmando o diagnóstico de xantomas eruptivos. No nosso caso, a introdução da olanzapina poderá ter agravado os antecedentes de doença metabólica, contribuindo assim para o rápido aparecimento das lesões cutâneas. O reconhecimento atempado dos xantomas eruptivos pode ter um profundo impacto no diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico, por conduzir à pesquisa de causas secundárias.
Consumption Patterns of Energy Drinks in Portuguese Adolescents from A City in Northern Portugal
Authors: Martins Albino , Ferreira Carmo , Sousa Dinis , Costa Sandra 
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Energy drinks are youth-targeted beverages that contain high amounts of caffeine and other stimulants. A number of deleterious health effects associated with consumption of these drinks have already been reported. Despite the health concerns, energy drinks research has been sparse, especially at younger ages. The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of energy drinks consumption and patterns of use among adolescents.Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study of students aged between 11 – 17 years-old attending four public schools in Braga, cluster sampled. A self-administrated questionnaire was used to access sociodemographic data, self-reported academic performance as well as energy drinks consumption patterns, attitudes, awareness and associated symptoms.Results: In a total of 1414 adolescents studied (mean age 15.1 ± 1.5 years; 53.9% were females), 56.7% reported to have used energy drinks at least once (62.5% in males; 52.1% in females). Of those, 34% described a regular consumption (at least once a month) and 14.1% a weekly consumption. The most common reasons for energy drinks consumption were the pleasant taste (49%), desire to increase global energy (35%) or sports performance (33%). On average, energy drinks users were older compared with non-users. Energy drinks consumption was associated with male gender and with self-reported worse academic performance. Approximately onethird experienced at least one symptom after consumption. In addition, 39.9% of energy drinks consumers reported mixing those with alcohol.Discussion: Consumption of energy drinks has been increasing. The prevalence found for its consumption in this study is similar to that reported in the literature. Knowledge about motivation, general awareness of the risks or other variables related to consumption of these drinks might allow a better characterization of this behavior.Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of energy drinks consumption among adolescents from a city in Northern Portugal, with self-reported symptoms after consumption and common concomitant use of alcohol.
La obesidad infantil y su asociación con el sentimiento de infelicidad y bajos niveles de autoestima en niños de centros educativos públicos
Authors: Delgado Floody Pedro Antonio 
Published: May 2018

Introducción: Los niños con exceso de peso corren mayor riesgo de sufrir alteraciones psicosociales. Objetivo: El propósito de ésta investigación fue relacionar la condición de sobrepeso y obesidad a los niveles de autoestima y felicidad en escolares de centros educativos públicos.Métodos: Participaron 364 escolares (180 niños y 184 niñas) de entre 11 y 13 años de edad (12,44 ± 1,14 años de edad). Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se evaluaron los niveles de autoestima y felicidad, a través del Test de Autoestima Escolar (TAE).Resultados: La autoestima escolar fue significativamente mayor en los niños (p<0.001). El 55. 49% (n=204) de los escolares evaluados presentó exceso de peso. Los sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad presentaron menores niveles de autoestima en comparación con los normopeso (p=0.032), además 43 escolares presentaron muy baja autoestima, existiendo relación entre los niveles de muy baja y baja autoestima (n=119) y la condición de sobrepeso y obesidad (p=0.033). En relación a la pregunta; ¿soy una persona feliz?, una mayor proporción de escolares respondió positivamente (n=296). La respuesta negativa a la pregunta se asoció con la presencia de exceso de peso (p=0.042).Conclusión: La condición de sobrepeso y obesidad se relacionó con bajos niveles de autoestima y de felicidad en escolares. Resultados alarmantes ya que la que la autoestima es el aprecio que uno tiene de sí mismo y la felicidad es un índice del bienestar personal subjetivo y es un tema que concierne a las familias y a todo el sistema educativo. Palabras claves: Autoestima; felicidad; escolares; obesidad.
Diffuse alveolar haemorrhage: a volatile situation
Authors: Lightburn Thomas , Helliwell Lee 
Published: May 2018

SummaryWe describe the case of a 26‐year‐old patient undergoing a planned procedure who suffered diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH) following exposure to sevoflurane. Although the patient suffers from systemic lupus erythematosus, this was thought to be an unlikely cause of the DAH given the clinical findings, thus the cause was attributed to the volatile agent. This rarely reported phenomenon should be considered in all postoperative cases of pulmonary haemorrhage.
Políticas educativas de Nova Gestão Pública: o caso Portugal
Authors: Rosa Maria Geralda Oliver 
Published: May 2018

Resumo: O presente trabalho analisa as políticas educativas de nova gestão pública, em Portugal no período de 1999 a 2013. Busca identificar as possíveis configurações da presença de doutrinas e instrumentos da NGP nas políticas educativas por meio da análise de cinco programas de governo. Busca também, por meio de documentos da OCDE e de diplomas legais, criar um nova dimensão de análise para as políticas educativas: Trabalho e Profissão Docente. Conclui que a adoção dessas políticas em Portugal é justificada com base nas recomendações da OCDE, das ‘boas práticas’.Palavras-Chave: Políticas Educativas. Nova Gestão Pública (NGP). Portugal. Abstract: This paper analyzes the educational policies of the New Public Management in Portugal from 1999 to 2013. It seeks to identify the possible configurations of the presence of the NPM doctrines and instruments in educational policies through the analysis of five government programs. It also seeks, through OECD documents and legal diplomas, to create a new dimension of analysis for educational policies: Work and Teaching Profession. It concludes that the adoption of these policies in Portugal is justified on the basis of the OECD recommendations of 'good practices'.Keywords: educational policies; New Public Management (NPM); Portugal. Resumen: El presente trabajo analiza las políticas educativas de nueva gestión pública en Portugal, en el período de 1999 a 2013. Busca identificar las posibles configuraciones de la presencia de doctrinas e instrumentos de la NGP en las políticas educativas a través del análisis de cinco programas de gobierno. También busca, mediante documentos de la OCDE y de diplomas legales, crear una nueva dimensión de análisis para las políticas educativas: Trabajo y Profesión Docente. Concluye que la adopción de estas políticas en Portugal está justificada sobre la base de las recomendaciones de la OCDE, de las “buenas prácticas”.Palabras clave: Políticas Educativas. Nueva Gestión Pública (NGP). Portugal.