bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color-conversion displays: current status and future outlook
Authors: Li Guijun , Tseng Man-Chun , Chen Yu , Yeung Fion Sze-Yan , He Hangyu , Cheng Yuechu , Cai Junhu , Chen Enguo , Kwok Hoi-Sing 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe growing focus on enhancing color quality in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has spurred significant advancements in color-conversion materials. Furthermore, color conversion is also important for the development and commercialization of Micro-LEDs. This article provides a comprehensive review of different types of color conversion methods as well as different types of color conversion materials. We summarize the current status of patterning process, and discuss key strategies to enhance display performance. Finally, we speculate on the future prospects and roles that color conversion will play in ultra-high-definition micro- and projection displays.
The HLA-B –21 M/T dimorphism associates with disease severity in COVID-19
Authors: Strunz Benedikt , Momayyezi Pouria , Bilev Eleni , Muvva Jagadeeswara Rao , Chen Puran , Bister Jonna , Schaffer Marie , Akber Mira , Cornillet Martin ,   Karolinska KI/K COVID-19 Study Group, Aleman Soo , Berglin Lena , Bergsten Helena , Brighenti Susanna , Brownlie Demi , Buggert Marcus , Butrym Marta , Chambers Benedict J. , Cuapio Angelica , Lozano Isabel Diaz , Dillner Lena , Djärv Therese , Dzidic Majda , Emgård Johanna , Eriksson Lars I. , Flodström-Tullberg Malin , Glans Hedvig , Gorin Jean-Baptiste , Grip Jonathan , Haroun-Izquierdo Alvaro , Henriksson Elisabeth , Hertwig Laura , Kalsum Sadaf , Kammann Tobias , Klingström Jonas , Kokkinou Efthymia , Kvedaraite Egle , Loreti Marco Giulio , Lourda Magdalini , Maleki Kimia T. , Malmberg Karl-Johan , Marquardt Nicole , Mårtensson Johan , Maucourant Christopher , Michaëlsson Jakob , Mjösberg Jenny , Moll Kirsten , Nauclér Pontus , Norrby-Teglund Anna , Palma Medina Laura M. , Parrot Tiphaine , Perez-Potti Andre , Persson Björn P. , Radler Lena , Religa Dorota , Ringqvist Emma , Rivera-Ballesteros Olga , Rooyackers Olav , Sandberg Johan K. , Sandberg John Tyler , Sekine Takuya , Sohlberg Ebba , Soini Tea , Sönnerborg Anders , Strålin Kristoffer , Svensson Mattias , Tynell Janne , Unge Christian , Varnaite Renata , von Kries Andreas , Wullimann David , Horowitz Amir , Malmberg Karl-Johan , Rooyackers Olav , Aleman Soo , Ljunggren Hans-Gustaf , Björkström Niklas K. , Strålin Kristoffer , Hammer Quirin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Host genetics shape immune responses and influence severity of infectious diseases. The HLA-B –21 M/T dimorphism tunes the functionality of natural killer (NK) cells expressing the inhibitory receptor NKG2A. NKG2A+ NK cells have been reported to recognize SARS-CoV-2-infected cells, but it remains unclear whether the HLA-B –21 M/T dimorphism associates with COVID-19 severity. Here, we investigated the influence of the HLA-B –21 M/T dimorphism in a cohort of 230 unvaccinated patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and requiring respiratory support. We found that HLA-B –21 M/M genotypes were more prevalent in patients with moderate compared to severe COVID-19 (6.0% vs. 0.9%). Comparison of age- and sex-matched sub-groups revealed that patients with M/M genotypes required mechanical respiratory support less frequently (OR = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.01-0.76, P = 0.013). Furthermore, patients with M/M genotypes showed a coordinately shifted signature of clinical laboratory parameters, coinciding with elevated serum levels of the anti-viral cytokine IFN-γ. These findings demonstrate that HLA-B variants associate with COVID-19 severity and suggest that the robust functionality of NKG2A+ NK cells in patients carrying the M/M genotype may contribute to protection from severe disease.
Carbon-anchoring synthesis of Pt1Ni1@Pt/C core-shell catalysts for stable oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Cui Jialin , Zhang Di , Liu Zhongliang , Li Congcong , Zhang Tingting , Yin Shixin , Song Yiting , Li Hao , Li Huihui , Li Chunzhong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractProton-exchange-membrane fuel cells demand highly efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, and core-shell structures are known for maximizing precious metal utilization. Here, we reported a controllable “carbon defect anchoring” strategy to prepare Pt1Ni1@Pt/C core-shell nanoparticles with an average size of ~2.6 nm on an in-situ transformed defective carbon support. The strong Pt–C interaction effectively inhibits nanoparticle migration or aggregation, even after undergoing stability tests over 70,000 potential cycles, resulting in only 1.6% degradation. The stable Pt1Ni1@Pt/C catalysts have high oxygen reduction reaction mass activity and specific activity that reach 1.424 ± 0.019 A/mgPt and 1.554 ± 0.027 mA/cmPt2 at 0.9 V, respectively, attributed to the optimal compressive strain. The experimental results are generally consistent with the theoretical predictions made by our comprehensive microkinetic model which incorporates essential kinetics and thermodynamics of oxygen reduction reaction. The consistent results obtained in our study provide compelling evidence for the high accuracy and reliability of our model. This work highlights the synergy between theory-guided catalyst design and appropriate synthetic methodologies to translate the theory into practice, offering valuable insights for future catalyst development.
Interpersonal emotion regulation and symptom dimensions of psychosis proneness in young adults
Authors: Riehle Marcel , Allmandinger Hannah , Pruessner Luise 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the relative associations of psychosis proneness symptom domains with habitual interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) use in a sample of young adults (n = 420, age 18–29). Multiple regression models showed that attenuated negative symptoms were related to using less, while attenuated positive symptoms and depression were related to using more IER. These findings suggest symptom-specific IER patterns across different symptom dimensions of psychosis proneness.
Energy transport in diffusive waveguides
Authors: Mitchell Kevin J. , Gradauskas Vytautas , Radford Jack , Starshynov Ilya , Nerenberg Samuel , Wright Ewan M. , Faccio Daniele 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe guiding and transport of energy, for example, of electromagnetic waves, underpins many modern technologies, ranging from long-distance optical fibre telecommunications to on-chip optical processors. Traditionally, a mechanism is required that exponentially localizes the waves or particles in the confinement region, such as total internal reflection at a boundary. Here we introduce a waveguiding mechanism that relies on a different origin for the exponential confinement and that arises owing to the physics of diffusion. We demonstrate this concept using light and show that the photon density can propagate as a guided mode along a core structure embedded in a scattering opaque material, enhancing light transmission by orders of magnitude and along non-trivial, such as curved, trajectories. This waveguiding mechanism can also occur naturally, for example, in the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain and along tendons in the human body, and is to be expected in other systems that follow the same physics such as neutron diffusion.
Digital detection of Alzheimer’s disease using smiles and conversations with a chatbot
Authors: Takeshige-Amano Haruka , Oyama Genko , Ogawa Mayuko , Fusegi Keiko , Kambe Taiki , Shiina Kenta , Ueno Shin-ichi , Okuzumi Ayami , Hatano Taku , Motoi Yumiko , Kawakami Ito , Ando Maya , Nakayama Sachiko , Ishida Yoshinori , Maei Shun , Lu Xiangxun , Kobayashi Tomohisa , Wooden Rina , Ota Susumu , Morito Ken , Ito Yoshitaka , Nakajima Yoshihiro , Yoritaka Asako , Kato Tadafumi , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn super-aged societies, dementia has become a critical issue, underscoring the urgent need for tools to assess cognitive status effectively in various sectors, including financial and business settings. Facial and speech features have been tried as cost-effective biomarkers of dementia including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We aimed to establish an easy, automatic, and extensive screening tool for AD using a chatbot and artificial intelligence. Smile images and visual and auditory data of natural conversations with a chatbot from 99 healthy controls (HCs) and 93 individuals with AD or mild cognitive impairment due to AD (PwA) were analyzed using machine learning. A subset of 8 facial and 21 sound features successfully distinguished PwA from HCs, with a high area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.94 ± 0.05. Another subset of 8 facial and 20 sound features predicted the cognitive test scores, with a mean absolute error as low as 5.78 ± 0.08. These results were superior to those obtained from face or auditory data alone or from conventional image depiction tasks. Thus, by combining spontaneous sound and facial data obtained through conversations with a chatbot, the proposed model can be put to practical use in real-life scenarios.
Information mismatch in PHH3-assisted mitosis annotation leads to interpretation shifts in H&E slide analysis
Authors: Ganz Jonathan , Marzahl Christian , Ammeling Jonas , Rosbach Emely , Richter Barbara , Puget Chloé , Denk Daniela , Demeter Elena A. , Tăbăran Flaviu A. , Wasinger Gabriel , Lipnik Karoline , Tecilla Marco , Valentine Matthew J. , Dark Michael J. , Abele Niklas , Bolfa Pompei , Erber Ramona , Klopfleisch Robert , Merz Sophie , Donovan Taryn A. , Jabari Samir , Bertram Christof A. , Breininger Katharina , Aubreville Marc 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe count of mitotic figures (MFs) observed in hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides is an important prognostic marker, as it is a measure for tumor cell proliferation. However, the identification of MFs has a known low inter-rater agreement. In a computer-aided setting, deep learning algorithms can help to mitigate this, but they require large amounts of annotated data for training and validation. Furthermore, label noise introduced during the annotation process may impede the algorithms’ performance. Unlike H&E, where identification of MFs is based mainly on morphological features, the mitosis-specific antibody phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) specifically highlights MFs. Counting MFs on slides stained against PHH3 leads to higher agreement among raters and has therefore recently been used as a ground truth for the annotation of MFs in H&E. However, as PHH3 facilitates the recognition of cells indistinguishable from H&E staining alone, the use of this ground truth could potentially introduce an interpretation shift and even label noise into the H&E-related dataset, impacting model performance. This study analyzes the impact of PHH3-assisted MF annotation on inter-rater reliability and object level agreement through an extensive multi-rater experiment. Subsequently, MF detectors, including a novel dual-stain detector, were evaluated on the resulting datasets to investigate the influence of PHH3-assisted labeling on the models’ performance. We found that the annotators’ object-level agreement significantly increased when using PHH3-assisted labeling (F1: 0.53 to 0.74). However, this enhancement in label consistency did not translate to improved performance for H&E-based detectors, neither during the training phase nor the evaluation phase. Conversely, the dual-stain detector was able to benefit from the higher consistency. This reveals an information mismatch between the H&E and PHH3-stained images as the cause of this effect, which renders PHH3-assisted annotations not well-aligned for use with H&E-based detectors. Based on our findings, we propose an improved PHH3-assisted labeling procedure.
Analytical prediction of electromagnetic performance for surface-embedded permanent magnet in-wheel machines considering iron’s nonlinearity
Authors: Zhang Heshan , Fan Mengwei , Qiao Jie , He Xianjin , Yang Minglei , Tuo Jiying 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccurate magnetic field calculation is the premise of electromagnetic performance prediction. Conventional subdomain (SD) techniques assume that the iron’s relative permeability is infinite, leading to falsely overestimated flux density. We propose an accurate magnetic field analytical model for permanent magnet (PM) in-wheel machines considering iron’s magnetization nonlinearity and saturation. Specifically, according to the excitation source and topology, the entire solution domain of the machine is divided into sub-regions such as stator slots/teeth, stator slot-openings/tooth-tips, air-gap, and rotor slots/teeth, etc. Poisson’s or Laplace’s magnetic vector potential (MVP) equations are solved using Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory and complex Fourier series methods in each sub-region. Specifically, in our approach, The Cauchy product theorem addresses the discontinuous magnetic permeability change at the slot and tooth interface. The machine’s magnetic saturation effect is considered by combining the actual magnetization characteristics of iron with an iterative algorithm. The general solution for the MVP is solved using the boundary conditions between adjacent subregions. Subsequently, electromagnetic properties such as air-gap flux density, back electromotive force (EMF), and electromagnetic torque are obtained. The accuracy of the analytical model is verified by finite element analysis (FEA) and prototype tests, which proved that the proposed analytical model can consider the iron’s nonlinearity and the magnetic saturation. In addition, the inaccurate overestimation of electromagnetic torque and air-gap magnetic flux density by the conventional SD techniques has also been proven.
Variable orthogonality of serine integrase interactions within the ϕC31 family
Authors: MacDonald Alasdair I. , Baksh Aron , Holland Alexandria , Shin Heewhan , Rice Phoebe A. , Stark W. Marshall , Olorunniji Femi J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSerine integrases are phage- (or mobile element-) encoded enzymes that catalyse site-specific recombination reactions between a short DNA sequence on the phage genome (attP) and a corresponding host genome sequence (attB), thereby integrating the phage DNA into the host genome. Each integrase has its unique pair of attP and attB sites, a feature that allows them to be used as orthogonal tools for genome modification applications. In the presence of a second protein, the Recombination Directionality Factor (RDF), integrase catalyses the reverse excisive reaction, generating new recombination sites, attR and attL. In addition to promoting attR x attL reaction, the RDF inhibits attP x attB recombination. This feature makes the directionality of integrase reactions programmable, allowing them to be useful for building synthetic biology devices. In this report, we describe the degree of orthogonality of both integrative and excisive reactions for three related integrases (ϕC31, ϕBT1, and TG1) and their RDFs. Among these, TG1 integrase is the most active, showing near complete recombination in both attP x attB and attR x attL reactions, and the most directional in the presence of its RDF. Our findings show that there is varying orthogonality among these three integrases – RDF pairs. ϕC31 integrase was the least selective, with all three RDFs activating it for attR x attL recombination. Similarly, ϕC31 RDF was the least effective among the three RDFs in promoting the excisive activities of the integrases, including its cognate ϕC31 integrase. ϕBT1 and TG1 RDFs were noticeably more effective than ϕC31 RDF at inhibiting attP x attB recombination by their respective integrases, making them more suitable for building reversible genetic switches. AlphaFold-Multimer predicts very similar structural interactions between each cognate integrase – RDF pair. The binding surface on the RDF is much more conserved than the binding surface on the integrase, an indication that specificity is determined more by the integrase than the RDF. Overall, the observed weak integrase/RDF orthogonality across the three enzymes emphasizes the need for identifying and characterizing more integrase – RDF pairs. Additionally, the ability of a particular integrase’s preferred reaction direction to be controlled to varying degrees by non-cognate RDFs provides a path to tunable, non-binary genetic switches.
Universal non-circular cone beam CT orbits for metal artifact reduction imaging during image-guided procedures
Authors: Reynolds Tess , Ma Yiqun , Kanawati Andrew , Dillon Owen , Baer Kenzie , Gang Grace , Stayman Joseph 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInnovation in image-guided procedures has been driven by advances in robotic Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) systems. A fundamental challenge for CBCT imaging is metal artifacts arising from surgical tools and implanted hardware. Here, we outline how two universal non-circular imaging orbits, optimized for metal artifact reduction, can be implemented in real-time on clinical robotic CBCT systems. Demonstrating potential clinical utility, the universal orbits were implemented during a pedicle screw cervical spine fixation and hip arthroplasty performed on a porcine and ovine cadaver respectively. In both procedures, the universal non-circular orbits noticeably reduced the metal artifacts surrounding the implanted orthopedic hardware, revealing anatomy and soft tissue obscured in current conventional CBCT imaging. This work represents a key step in clinically translating universal orbits, unlocking high quality in-room procedural verification to increase broader use of robotic CBCT systems and reduce the occurrence of secondary corrective surgeries.
Combined transcriptome and proteome profiling reveal cell-type-specific functions of Drosophila garland and pericardial nephrocytes
Authors: Meyer Heiko , Bossen Judith , Janz Maren , Müller Xenia , Künzel Sven , Roeder Thomas , Paululat Achim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDrosophila nephrocytes are specialised cells that share critical functional, morphological, and molecular features with mammalian podocytes. Accordingly, nephrocytes represent a preferred invertebrate model for human glomerular disease. Here, we established a method for cell-specific isolation of the two types of Drosophila nephrocytes, garland and pericardial cells, from animals of different developmental stages and ages. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics and RNA-Seq-based transcriptomics were applied to characterise the proteome and transcriptome of the respective cells in an integrated and complementary manner. We observed characteristic changes in the proteome and transcriptome due to cellular ageing. Furthermore, functional enrichment analyses suggested that larval and adult nephrocytes, as well as garland and pericardial nephrocytes, fulfil distinct physiological functions. In addition, the pericardial nephrocytes were characterised by transcriptomic and proteomic profiles suggesting an atypical energy metabolism with very low oxidative phosphorylation rates. Moreover, the nephrocytes displayed typical signatures of extensive immune signalling and showed an active antimicrobial response to an infection. Factor-specific comparisons identified novel candidate proteins either expressed and secreted by the nephrocytes or sequestered by them. The data generated in this study represent a valuable basis for a more specific application of the Drosophila model in analysing renal cell function in health and disease.
Smaller meat portions contribute the most to reducing meat consumption in the United Kingdom
Authors: Vonderschmidt Alexander , Jaacks Lindsay M. , Alexander Peter , Green Rosemary , Bellows Alexandra L. , Stewart Cristina 
Published: November 2024

AbstractReducing meat consumption can help improve environmental and health outcomes, yet the effect of specific meat-reducing strategies is context dependent. Here, using decomposition analysis of National Diet and Nutrition Survey data (2008–2009 to 2018–2019), we found that in the United Kingdom, reduced meat portions had the largest impact on total meat consumption decline (52%), followed by fewer meat-eating days (24%), fewer meat consumers (17%) and fewer meat-eating meal occasions (7%). Understanding meat consumption behaviour patterns is key for more effective policies.
D5 digital circular workflow: five digital steps towards matchmaking for material reuse in construction
Authors: De Wolf Catherine , Byers Brandon S. , Raghu Deepika , Gordon Matthew , Schwarzkopf Vanessa , Triantafyllidis Eleftherios 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe intersection of digital transformation and circular construction practices presents significant potential to mitigate environmental impacts through optimised material reuse. We propose a five-step (D5) digital circular workflow that integrates these digital innovations towards reuse, validated through real-world case studies. We assessed a variety of digital tools for enhancing the reuse of construction materials, including digital product passports, material classification assisted by artificial intelligence (AI), reality capture, computational design, design inspired by generative AI, digital fabrication techniques, extended reality, and blockchain technology. Using action research through a multiple case study approach, we disassembled several buildings that were set for demolition and subsequently designed and executed construction projects using the salvaged materials. Our findings indicate that digital transformation for detection, disassembly, distribution, design, and finally deployment significantly support the application of circular economy principles. We demonstrate the potential of the proposed workflow for industry implementation and scalability.
Genetic linkage disequilibrium of deleterious mutations in threatened mammals
Authors: Hu Chunyan , Liu Gaoming , Zhang Zhan , Pan Qi , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Liu Weiqiang , Li Zihao , Li Meng , Zhu Pingfen , Ji Ting , Garber Paul A , Zhou Xuming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe impact of negative selection against deleterious mutations in endangered species remains underexplored. Recent studies have measured mutation load by comparing the accumulation of deleterious mutations, however, this method is most effective when comparing within and between populations of phylogenetically closely related species. Here, we introduced new statistics, LDcor, and its standardized form nLDcor, which allows us to detect and compare global linkage disequilibrium of deleterious mutations across species using unphased genotypes. These statistics measure averaged pairwise standardized covariance and standardize mutation differences based on the standard deviation of alleles to reflect selection intensity. We then examined selection strength in the genomes of seven mammals. Tigers exhibited an over-dispersion of deleterious mutations, while gorillas, giant pandas, and golden snub-nosed monkeys displayed negative linkage disequilibrium. Furthermore, the distribution of deleterious mutations in threatened mammals did not reveal consistent trends. Our results indicate that these newly developed statistics could help us understand the genetic burden of threatened species.