bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory effect of Thai propolis on human osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Wimolsantirungsri Nattaporn , Makeudom Anupong , Louwakul Phumisak , Sastraruji Thanapat , Chailertvanitkul Pattama , Supanchart Chayarop , Krisanaprakornkit Suttichai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackground/AimAvulsed teeth should be immediately replanted into the socket or otherwise kept in a physiologic storage medium to maintain periodontal ligament cell viability. A previous study has demonstrated that Thai propolis extract can maintain viability of human periodontal ligament cells. However, root resorption by osteoclasts often occurs when the avulsed teeth are replanted. The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of Thai propolis extract on human osteoclastogenesis in vitro.Materials and methodsHuman peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated for osteoclast precursors and cultured in the presence or absence of various non‐toxic concentrations of propolis extract, as determined by the alamarBlue® assay, during in vitro induction of osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclast formation was examined by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, actin ring formation, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The resorption pit assay was performed to determine osteoclast function.ResultsNon‐toxic concentrations of propolis extract suppressed osteoclast formation by significantly decreasing the percentages of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive multinuclear cells and the ratios of cells with F‐actin ring formation (P < .01) in a dose‐dependent fashion. Expression of several osteoclast‐specific genes was significantly downregulated by propolis in a dose‐dependent manner (P < .05). The percentages of resorption areas on dentin slices were significantly decreased by propolis (P < .05).ConclusionsThai propolis can inhibit human osteoclast formation and function, which may be beneficial for prevention of root resorption following replantation of avulsed teeth.
The energetics of fish growth and how it constrains food‐web trophic structure
Authors: Barneche Diego R. , Allen Andrew P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe allocation of metabolic energy to growth fundamentally influences all levels of biological organisation. Here we use a first‐principles theoretical model to characterise the energetics of fish growth at distinct ontogenetic stages and in distinct thermal regimes. Empirically, we show that the mass scaling of growth rates follows that of metabolic rate, and is somewhat steeper at earlier ontogenetic stages. We also demonstrate that the cost of growth, Em, varies substantially among fishes, and that it may increase with temperature, trophic level and level of activity. Theoretically, we show that Em is a primary determinant of the efficiency of energy transfer across trophic levels, and that energy is transferred more efficiently between trophic levels if the prey are young and sedentary. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of characterising the energetics of individual growth in order to understand constraints on the structure of food webs and ecosystems.
Effect of chitosan on the preservation quality of sugarcane silage
Authors: Del Valle T. A. , Zenatti T. F. , Antonio G. , Campana M. , Gandra J. R. , Zilio E. M. C. , de Mattos L. F. A. , de Morais J. G. P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe aimed to evaluate the effects of chitosan and microbial inoculant addition to sugarcane silage fermentation, gas and effluent losses, chemical composition, in situ dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) degradation and aerobic stability. A completely randomized design with four treatments (n = 40) was performed. It was arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme with chitosan [0 and 6 g/kg of sugarcane DM—1.66 g/kg of natural matter (NM)] and microbial inoculant (0 and 8 mg/kg on NM). Each g of inoculant contained 3.9 × 1010 UFC/g of Pediococcus acidilactici and 3.75 × 1010 UFC/g of Propionibacterium acidicipropionici. The addition of microbial inoculant increased lactic acid concentration in silos treated with chitosan. Furthermore, chitosan increased pH and tended to increase acetic acid of silage. In contrast, the inoculant decreased pH and acetic acid, besides increasing ethanol concentration. As chitosan addition increased DM recovery, inoculant addition decreased it. Chitosan decreased NDF and acid detergent fibre (ADF) level and increased DM degradation, while inoculant decreased DM content, DM and NDF degradation. In addition, chitosan improved the aerobic stability only in non‐inoculated silos. Thus, chitosan has a positive effect on silage fermentation, reducing fermentative losses, and improving silage chemical composition and degradation. Conversely, the addition of microbial inoculant negatively affected silage DM recovery, chemical composition, and its association with chitosan decreased the aerobic stability when compared to the exclusive use of chitosan.
Lactobacillus casei starter culture improves vitamin content, increases acidity and decreases nitrite concentration during sauerkraut fermentation
Authors: Du Renpeng , Song Gang , Zhao Dan , Sun Jian , Ping Wenxiang , Ge Jingping 
Published: April 2018

SummaryTo investigate the effects of Lactobacillus casei on Chinese sauerkraut fermentation, L. casei 11MZ‐5‐1 was inoculated into Chinese sauerkraut. Physicochemical indexes were measured, and the microbial dynamics during the fermentation were analysed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE). The result showed that inoculation with L. casei 11MZ‐5‐1 lowered the pH of the fermentation system more rapidly than in the control model (CK). The content of vitamin C (VC) (44.64 ± 2.12 mg kg−1) was higher and nitrite (under 0.76 mg kg−1) was lower than CK (P < 0.05). The numbers of 16S rRNA gene copies in the experimental model (BA) were lower than in CK at the end fermentation time. According to the PCR‐DGGE analyses, 22 and 17 specific bands were detected in CK and BA, respectively. L. paracasei and L. casei were predominant during the fermentation in BA. The relative abundance and diversity indices of bacteria in BA were 8.23 ± 0.25 and 2.01 ± 0.06, respectively, lower than in the CK (P < 0.05). So, the L. casei 11MZ‐5‐1 inoculations could effectively inhibit the microbial diversity in the fermentation system. The fermented cabbage with L. casei 11MZ‐5‐1 was more favourably estimated by consumers in terms of colour, crispness, sourness, aroma, bitterness, stink, stale flavour and overall acceptability.
IFNβ inhibits the development of allergen tolerance and is conducive to the development of asthma on subsequent allergen exposure
Authors: Fear Vanessa S , Poh Wee Peng , Gorman Shelley , Waithman Jason C , Fear Mark W 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAsthma is a chronic disease affecting up to 10% of the Australian population for which medical treatment is solely aimed at relief of symptoms rather than prevention of disease. Evidence from animal and human studies demonstrates a strong link between viral respiratory infections, atopy and the development of asthma. Type I IFNs include IFNα and IFNβ, with subtype expression tailored toward the specific viral infection. We hypothesized that exposure to type I IFNs and allergen may interfere with the healthy response to innocuous airway antigen exposure. In this study, we use an ovalbumin (OVA)‐induced BALB/c model of experimental allergic airways disease, where pre‐exposure of the airways to OVA is protective against allergen sensitization, leading to allergen tolerance. We investigated airways pre‐exposure with OVA and type I IFNs on development of allergic airways disease. We demonstrate restoration of allergic airways disease on pre‐exposure with allergen and IFNβ, and not IFNα. Dysfunction in tolerance led to changes in dendritic cell antigen capture/traffic, T‐cell and B‐cell responses. Furthermore, exposure to IFNβ with ongoing allergen exposure led to the development of hallmark asthma features, including OVA‐specific IgE and airways eosinophilia. Data indicate a role for IFNβ in linking viral infection and allergy.
Self‐report assessment of severe periodontitis: Periodontal screening score development
Authors: Carra Maria Clotilde , Gueguen Alice , Thomas Frédérique , Pannier Bruno , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Steg Philippe Gabriel , Zins Marie , Bouchard Philippe 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo derive from a validated questionnaire a periodontal screening score (PESS), intended as a user‐friendly tool to identify individuals at risk of periodontitis in epidemiological studies.MethodsA French 12‐item self‐reported questionnaire was developed by translating English questions previously used for periodontitis screening and surveillance. After a cognitive evaluation, the questionnaire was validated in a sample of 232 individuals (mean age: 46.1 ± 12.6 years) receiving full‐mouth periodontal examination, including probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level recordings. Case definition was based on the American Academy of Periodontology/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Logistic regression analyses and C‐statistics were used to assess the validity and accuracy of the questionnaire and to develop the PESS.ResultsThe sample was constituted of 109 individuals with severe periodontitis, who were compared with 123 individuals with no/moderate periodontitis. The questionnaire had moderate‐to‐high accuracy in identifying severe cases; the PESS (calculated on five self‐report items, age, and smoking) showed a sensitivity of 78.9% and a specificity of 74.8%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.821.ConclusionThe PESS represents a valuable and accurate tool to screen for severe periodontitis at the population level.
Selected bio‐physical factors affecting the efficiency of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus to degrade aflatoxin M1 in artificially contaminated milk
Authors: Namvar Rad Maryam , Razavilar Vadood , Anvar Seyed Amir Ali , Akbari‐Adergani Behrouz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study investigated the ability of Bifidobacterium animalis lactis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus at concentrations of 108 and 109 cfu/ml to detoxify skim milk that was contaminated with 0.25 ng/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, and 0.75 mg/ml aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) at 30 min, 60 min, 120 min, and 24 hr, and at 4 and 37 °C. The maximum level of AFM1 binding to 1 × 108 cfu/ml of L. bulgaricus was 57.5 ± 5.2% at 37 °C. Both strains showed the degrading potential to reduce AFM1 concentrations and, thus, could be used as starter cultures to detoxify milk. Furthermore, the temperature, bacteria concentration, and vitality have more significant influence on AFM1 binding in contaminated milk than other indices. The results indicated that Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus bulgaricus could be used as beneficial probiotics to decrease the destructive properties of AFM1 to consumers exposed to AFM1‐contaminated milk.Practical applicationsThe upcoming demands are to embrace probiotic strains that have documented beneficial health effects for the consumer. Bifidobacterium animalis lactis and Lactobacillus delbrueckii bulgaricus can be used as probiotic to bind selected dietary contaminants particularly AFM1 in milk by binding the toxin or enzymatic detoxification. The optimum results will be gained while the probiotic will be added to the milk at 4 °C and early stage of the exposure especially at 30 min.
Health‐related correlates of psychological well‐being among girls and boys 6–8 years of age: The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study
Authors: Ikävalko Tiina , Lehto Soili , Lintu Niina , Väistö Juuso , Eloranta Aino‐Maija , Haapala Eero A , Vierola Anu , Myllykangas Riitta , Tuomilehto Henri , Brage Soren , Pahkala Riitta , Närhi Matti , Lakka Timo A 
Published: April 2018

AimDue to limited knowledge on the differences in the correlates of psychological well‐being (PSWB) between girls and boys, we compared the correlates of PSWB between primary school girls and boys.MethodsA population sample of 412 children participated in the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study. Parents completed a questionnaire that included 19 questions on the components of PSWB, and a PSWB score was computed. We assessed correlates of PSWB, including physical activity, sedentary behaviour, cardiorespiratory fitness, diet quality, body fat content, sleep duration, sleep disordered breathing, prevalent diseases and parental characteristics. We used logistic regression to analyse the risk of being in the lowest third of the PSWB scores.ResultsLow parental education was associated with increased risk (odds ratio (OR) 2.34, P = 0.039) and high cardiorespiratory fitness with decreased risk (OR 0.26, P = 0.006) of poor PSWB in girls. At least 2 h of screen‐based sedentary behaviour per day (OR 1.93, P = 0.037), daily parental smoking (OR 2.10, P = 0.034) and sleep disordered breathing (OR 4.24, P = 0.003) were related to increased risk of poor PSWB in boys.ConclusionsThere are large differences in the correlates of PSWB between girls and boys. Most of these correlates are modifiable and related to the health behaviour of children and their parents.
Mapping the spatial disparities in urban health care services using taxi trajectories data
Authors: Chen Yimin , Wang Beibei , Liu Xiaoping , Li Xia 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe understanding of spatial inequality in health care services is critical for reasonable policy‐making and management. In this study, we present a novel approach to analyze the demand–supply of health care services using taxi data. Taxi data provide observations of individual travel activities, and hence can be used to characterize the actual demand–supply of health care services. We apply the proposed approach in Guangzhou, China to carry out a case study. The results show the spatial disparities in health care service access. About 21.05% of the total population has high hospital accessibility, while the remaining 78.95% has relatively low hospital accessibility (i.e., roughly an “80/20” distribution). It is found that 6.29% of the population lives in high‐density suburban communities but has relatively low hospital accessibility. Most of the hospitals serve a population that is compatible with their capacity. One hospital is found to have a small capacity but to serve a large population, while two hospitals have relatively high capacities but serve small populations. These findings can help improve our understanding of spatial inequalities in public service provision, and may also provide useful information to address the health care problems of an aging population in contemporary, rapidly urbanizing China.
A School-Based Physical Activity and Motor Development Program for Low-Fit Adolescent Females: The Sport4Fun Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Andruschko Jodie , Okely Anthony D. , Pearson Phil 
Published: April 2018

This study examined the feasibility and potential efficacy of a multi-faceted secondary school–based intervention among low-fit adolescent females. The Sport4Fun program was designed to promote physical activity participation, fundamental movement skill proficiency, perceived physical competence, and enjoyment of physical activity in secondary school students. The intervention consisted of three components including two practical components—weekly movement skill activities for 90 min during compulsory school sport and sports-based activities for 60 min after school (non-compulsory) for 6 months—and one theoretical component—three 15-min theory sessions completed during homeroom (or roll call) time per week. The control group participated in their regular school activities. Compared with females in the control group, those in the intervention group showed a greater increase in total weekday accelerometer counts per min (adjusted difference, 77.49; 95% CI, 8.21–132.77; p = .03; Cohen’s d = 1.26). The difference in total fundamental movement skill components mastered favored the intervention group but was not statistically significant (adjusted difference, 1.48; 95% CI, −1.21–4.17; p = .26, Cohen’s d = 0.48). Targeting fundamental movement skills may be a potentially novel and motivating way to promote activity among low-fit adolescent girls; however, challenges in recruitment and implementation warrant further investigation before adopting this approach more broadly.
Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Network Meta-analysis of the Cardiovascular Safety of Macrolides
Authors: Gorelik Einat , Masarwa Reem , Perlman Amichai , Rotshild Victoria , Muszkat Mordechai , Matok Ilan 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Studies reporting an increased risk for cardiac toxicities with macrolide antibiotics have raised concern regarding their cardiovascular safety. We sought to assess the cardiac safety of macrolide antibiotics as a class and of the individual agents by conducting a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to February 2018 for studies reporting on cardiovascular outcomes with macrolides. We followed the PRISMA 2009 guidelines for data selection and extraction. Outcomes were pooled using random-effects models and odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for arrhythmia, cardiovascular death, and myocardial infarction (MI). A total of 33 studies and data on 22,601,032 subjects were retrieved and included in the current meta-analyses. Macrolide use was not associated with the risk of arrhythmia or cardiovascular mortality. In the primary analysis, macrolide use was associated with a small but statistically significant 15% increase in risk for MI (OR = 1.15 [95% CI, 1.01 to 1.30]). In indirect network meta-analysis, erythromycin and clarithromycin were ranked considerably more likely to be associated with a higher risk for MI and significantly associated with increased risk of MI compared to azithromycin (OR = 1.58 [95% CI, 1.18 to 2.11] and OR = 1.41 [95% CI, 1.11 to 1.81], respectively). Our findings indicate that macrolide antibiotics as a group are associated with a significant risk for MI but not for arrhythmia and cardiovascular mortality. Among the macrolides, erythromycin and clarithromycin were associated with a greater risk of MI. However, it is possible that the association between macrolide use and risk of MI is the result of residual confounding.
Avibactam Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Targets
Authors: Nichols Wright W. , Newell Paul , Critchley Ian A. , Riccobene Todd , Das Shampa 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Avibactam is a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor that has been approved in the United States and Europe for use in combination with ceftazidime. Combinations of avibactam with aztreonam or ceftaroline fosamil have also been clinically evaluated. Until recently, there has been very little precedence of which pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) indices and magnitudes are appropriate to use for β-lactamase inhibitors in population PK modeling for analyzing potential doses and susceptibility breakpoints. For avibactam, several preclinical studies using different
in vitro
and
in vivo
models have been conducted to identify the PK/PD index of avibactam and the magnitude of exposure necessary for effect in combination with ceftazidime, aztreonam, or ceftaroline fosamil. The PD driver of avibactam critical for restoring the activity of all three partner β-lactams was found to be time dependent rather than concentration dependent and was defined as the time that the concentration of avibactam exceeded a critical concentration threshold (%
f
T>C
T
). The magnitude of the C
T
and the time that this threshold needed to be exceeded to elicit particular PD endpoints varied depending on the model and the partner β-lactam. This review describes the preclinical studies used to determine the avibactam PK/PD target in combination with its β-lactam partners.
The Geographic Structure of Viruses in the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, a Unique Oasis in Northern Mexico, Reveals a Highly Diverse Population on a Small Geographic Scale
Authors: Taboada B. , Isa P. , Gutiérrez-Escolano A. L. , del Ángel R. M. , Ludert J. E. , Vázquez N. , Tapia-Palacios M. A. , Chávez P. , Garrido E. , Espinosa A. C. , Eguiarte L. E. , López S. , Souza V. , Arias C. F. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
The Cuatro Ciénegas Basin (CCB) is located in the Chihuahuan desert in the Mexican state of Coahuila; it has been characterized as a site with high biological diversity despite its extreme oligotrophic conditions. It has the greatest number of endemic species in North America, containing abundant living microbialites (including stromatolites and microbial mats) and diverse microbial communities. With the hypothesis that this high biodiversity and the geographic structure should be reflected in the virome, the viral communities in 11 different locations of three drainage systems, Churince, La Becerra, and Pozas Rojas, and in the intestinal contents of 3 different fish species, were analyzed for both eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA and DNA viruses using next-generation sequencing methods. Double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus families were the most abundant (72.5% of reads), followed by single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses (2.9%) and ssRNA and dsRNA virus families (0.5%). Thirteen families had dsDNA genomes, five had ssDNA, three had dsRNA, and 16 had ssRNA. A highly diverse viral community was found, with an ample range of hosts and a strong geographical structure, with very even distributions and signals of endemicity in the phylogenetic trees from several different virus families. The majority of viruses found were bacteriophages but eukaryotic viruses were also frequent, and the large diversity of viruses related to algae were a surprise, since algae are not evident in the previously analyzed aquatic systems of this ecosystem. Animal viruses were also frequently found, showing the large diversity of aquatic animals in this oasis, where plants, protozoa, and archaea are rare.

IMPORTANCE
In this study, we tested whether the high biodiversity and geographic structure of CCB is reflected in its virome. CCB is an extraordinarily biodiverse oasis in the Chihuahuan desert, where a previous virome study suggested that viruses had followed the marine ancestry of the marine bacteria and, as a result of their long isolation, became endemic to the site. In this study, which includes a larger sequencing coverage and water samples from other sites within the valley, we confirmed the high virus biodiversity and uniqueness as well as the strong biogeographical diversification of the CCB. In addition, we also analyzed fish intestinal contents, finding that each fish species eats different prey and, as a result, presents different viral compositions even if they coexist in the same pond. These facts highlight the high and novel virus diversity of CCB and its “lost world” status.