bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into colour combination in paintings via graph theory
Authors: Vangah Samaneh Jolany , Jamali Yousef , Jamali Mozaffar 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In visual arts, painting is deeply reliant on the colour combination for its impact, depth and emotion. Recently, many studies have focused on image processing, regarding identification and classification of images, using some colour features such as saturation, hue, luminance and so forth. This study aims to delve into some of the painting styles from the perspective of graph theory and network science. We compared a number of famous paintings to find out the likely pattern that an artist uses for colour combination and juxtaposition. To achieve this aim, the digital image of a painting is converted to a graph where each vertex represents one of the painting’s colours. In this graph, two vertices would be adjacent if and only if the two relative colours could be found in at least two adjacent pixels in the digital image. Among the several tools for network analysis, clustering, node centrality and degree distribution are used. Outcomes showed that artists unconsciously are following subtle mathematical rules to reach harmony and coordination in their work.
Surgical repair of aortic coarctation in adults: half a century of a single centre clinical experience
Authors: Abjigitova Djamila , Mokhles Mostafa M , Witsenburg Maarten , van de Woestijne Pieter C , Bekkers Jos A , Bogers Ad J J C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is rarely diagnosed and treated in adults and nowadays mostly treated with percutaneous techniques. The objective of this study is to report the long-term outcomes and health-related quality of life in a unique cohort of patients treated with an open surgical repair for their primary adult CoA.

METHODS
Ninety adult patients underwent primary surgical repair of CoA at our tertiary referral centre between 1961 and 2008 when the treatment strategy for adult CoA was exclusively surgical.

RESULTS
The median age at surgery was 24 years (interquartile range 20–36 years), and 39 patients (43%) were asymptomatic at presentation. CoA was located paraductally in most patients (64%), and bicuspid aortic valve was present in 39 (43%) patients. Surgical reconstruction of CoA with an end-to-end anastomosis was performed in majority of the patients (57%). Overall, in-hospital mortality occurred in 1 patient (1%). There was no in-hospital stroke, spinal cord ischaemia, renal replacement therapy or respiratory failure. The cumulative survival was 97.7%, 89.5%, 82.6%, 70.9% and 61.4% at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 years, respectively. Thirty-one patients (34%) required an additional cardiac surgery during follow-up. The majority of patients (77%) suffered from refractory hypertension even after decades of surgery. Compared with the matched Dutch population, patients reported a lower social functioning, mental health, vitality and general health with a higher body pain.

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with native adult CoA have low in-hospital morbidity and mortality when treated with an open surgical reconstruction. However, refractory hypertension and impaired quality of life remain important challenges during follow-up.
The European Union and the Law of Treaties: A Fruitful Relationship
Authors: Andrés Sáenz De Santa María Paz 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article examines the European Union’s (EU) treaty practice from the perspective of the international law of treaties, focusing on its most significant examples. The starting point is the EU’s attitude towards the codification of treaty law involving states and international organizations. The article discusses certain terminological specificities and a few remarkable aspects, such as the frequent use of provisional application mechanisms as opposed to much less use of reservations, the contributions regarding treaty interpretation, the wide variety of clauses and the difficulties in determining the legal nature of certain texts. The study underlines that treaty law is a useful instrument for the Union and is further enriched with creative contributions; the outcome is a fruitful relationship.
Zoonotic Tuberculosis in Humans: Control, Surveillance, and the One Health Approach
Authors: Macedo Couto Rodrigo , Ranzani Otavio T , Waldman Eliseu Alves 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Zoonotic tuberculosis is a reemerging infectious disease in high-income countries and a neglected one in low- and middle-income countries. Despite major advances in its control as a result of milk pasteurization, its global burden is unknown, especially due the lack of surveillance data. Additionally, very little is known about control strategies. The purpose of this review was to contextualize the current knowledge about the epidemiology of zoonotic tuberculosis and to describe the available evidence regarding surveillance and control strategies in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. We conducted this review enriched by a One Health perspective, encompassing its inherent multifaceted characteristics. We found that the burden of zoonotic tuberculosis is likely to be underreported worldwide, with higher incidence in low-income countries, where the surveillance systems are even more fragile. Together with the lack of specific political commitment, surveillance data is affected by lack of a case definition and limitations of diagnostic methods. Control measures were dependent on risk factors and varied greatly between countries. This review supports the claim that a One Health approach is the most valuable concept to build capable surveillance systems, resulting in effective control measures. The disease characteristics and suggestions to implement surveillance and control programs are discussed.
Training community health nurses to measure parent–child interaction: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Levickis Penny , McKean Cristina , Walls Elaine , Law James 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aims to determine whether the Parental Responsiveness Rating Scale (PaRRiS) completed at child age 24–30 months can be used by community child health nurses (CCHNs) to reliably measure the quality of parent–child interactions in practice.MethodsA mixed-methods design was used involving CCHNs working in public health settings. Five CCHNs recruited from the North-East of England were trained to use PaRRiS. Thirty parent–child dyads attending their routine 24–30-month check were observed. Nurses rated parent–child dyads during 5 min of free-play using PaRRiS. The free-play sessions were video recorded and rated blind by the first author to the nurse observation. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted with the five CCHNs once observations of parent–child interactions were complete. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, anonymized and thematically analyzed.ResultsTwo-thirds of participating parents were mothers. Half the families (15/30) were from the 10% most deprived areas based on the English Index of Multiple Deprivation. The average PaRRiS score was 3.03 [standard deviation (SD) = 0.8; all ratings were &lt;5.0]. Reliability between the first author (‘gold standard’) and CCHNs was excellent [Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.93]. CCHNs found PaRRiS aligned well with current practice and was acceptable to parents. There was no evidence of a relationship between social disadvantage and PaRRiS scores.ConclusionsWith further development and evaluation work, PaRRiS could potentially be incorporated into existing universal health services to provide child health nurses with an additional tool for identifying families most likely to be in need of parent–child interaction interventions.
Effect of cardiac arrest with aortic cross-clamping during left ventricular assist device implantation
Authors: Kawabori Masashi , Kurihara Chitaru , Critsinelis Andre , Chou Brendan Pen-Haw , Zhang Qianzi , Kaku Yuji , Civitello Andrew B , Morgan Jeffrey A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Some patients who undergo continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation require concomitant procedures that can be performed with or without cardiac arrest under aortic cross-clamping (AXC). Procedures normally performed with cardiac arrest are sometimes avoided or performed without cardiac arrest because it may be detrimental to right heart function. However, the effects of cardiac arrest on patients with advanced heart failure necessitating CF-LVAD support have not been thoroughly studied. We examined our single-centre experience to determine whether cardiac arrest during CF-LVAD implantation was associated with worse patient outcomes.

METHODS
From November 2003 to March 2016, a total of 526 patients with chronic end-stage heart failure underwent primary CF-LVAD implantation. Preoperative demographics, postoperative complications and mortality rates were compared between patients who required cardiac arrest with AXC (n = 50) and those who did not (n = 476).

RESULTS
The most frequently performed procedure requiring AXC was aortic valve closure (n = 23, 26.1%). Although the AXC group had longer cardiopulmonary bypass times (P &lt; 0.01), long-term (5-year) survival was similar in AXC and non-AXC patients (P = 0.13). Also, postoperative right heart failure (P = 0.15) and neurological dysfunction (P = 0.89) rates were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that cardiac arrest with AXC was not an independent predictor of mortality (hazard ratio, 0.89; P = 0.73).

CONCLUSIONS
Cardiac arrest with AXC during CF-LVAD implantation did not negatively affect long-term survival or the incidence of right ventricular failure or stroke. These findings should be considered in deciding surgical strategies. Additional investigation may be warranted to further understand the effects of cardiac arrest during LVAD implantation.
Patterns of amino acid intake are strongly associated with cardiovascular mortality, independently of the sources of protein
Authors: Tharrey Marion , Mariotti Francois , Mashchak Andrew , Barbillon Pierre , Delattre Maud , Huneau Jean-François , Fraser Gary E 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
The intake of specific amino acids (AA) has been associated with cardiovascular health, but amino acids are consumed together as dietary protein. Here we investigated the association between identified patterns of amino acid intake and cardiovascular mortality.

Methods
A total of 2216 cardiovascular deaths among 79 838 men and women from the Adventist Health Study-2 were included in our analysis. Baseline dietary patterns based on the participants' amino acids intakes were derived by factor analysis. Using Cox regression analyses, we estimated multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors and other dietary components.

Results
Three patterns of amino acids were identified. Factor 1 was positively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality [hazard ratio (HR)Q5-Q1: 1.62, 98.75% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 2.28; P-trend &lt;0.001]; and Factors 2 and 3 were inversely associated with CVD mortality (HR Q5-Q1 Factor 2: 0.74, 98.75% CI: 0.53, 1.04; P-trend &lt;0.01 and HR Q5-Q1 Factor 3: 0.65, 98.75% CI: 0.44, 0.95; P-trend &lt;0.05]. The associations with Factor 1 (with high loadings on indispensable amino acids such as branched chain amino acids, lysine, methionine) and Factor 3 (with high loadings on non-indispensable amino acids, namely arginine, glycine, aspartate+asparagine) remained significant after further adjustment for nutrient intake and for the five protein source patterns identified previously (HR Q5-Q1: 1.56 (0.99, 2.45) and 0.55 (0.35, 0.85); P-trends &lt; 0.01).

Conclusions
Indispensable AA have a positive and some non-indispensable AA have a negative, independent, strong association with the risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Rectified Sites of Violence from Westgate to Lampedusa: Exploring the Link between Public Amnesia and Conflict in Ongoing Confrontations
Authors: Purdeková Andrea 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article investigates whether and how public amnesia of violent incidents such as mass drownings or mass killings impacts ongoing conflict dynamics. Specifically, the article compares and contrasts two forms of public amnesia in the relatively little-studied space of the rectified site – a site of violence returned to prior use without monumentation or commemoration. Looking at the unmarked sites of violence in East Africa’s confrontation with Al-Shabaab, such as the Westgate Mall, and the Mediterranean crossings within the system of migration deterrence, the article asks: How do rectification practices and associated public production of silence feed into conflict dynamics and conflict transformation? The article shows that while public amnesia tends to entrench the confrontation, recognition through commemoration needs to be calibrated carefully in order to avoid further conflict escalation. Epistemic redress must precede physical and symbolic memory work in rectified sites of violence. By tackling the puzzle of (non)commemoration and active forgetting of violence in contexts of ongoing confrontation, the article decentres dominant transitional justice concerns over memory from the present to the absent, and from the space of the ‘post’ to the lingering ‘in-between’ of conflict that defines many contemporary violent confrontations.
Incorporating Laboratory Animal Science into Responsible Biomedical Research
Authors: Barbee R Wayne , Turner Patricia V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Biomedical research has made great strides in the past century leading to rapid advances in human life expectancy, all derived from improved understanding, prevention, and treatment of many diseases and conditions. Research involving laboratory animals has played a significant role in this medical progress. However, there continues to be controversy surrounding the use of animals in research, and animal models have been questioned regarding their relevance to human conditions. While research fraud and questionable research practices could potentially contribute to this problem, we argue that a relative ignorance of laboratory animal science has contributed to the “uncontrolled vivarium experiment” that runs parallel to the more controlled scientific experiment. Several variables are discussed, including husbandry, animal environment, social housing, and more, that can contribute to this uncontrolled experiment, and that can simultaneously decrease quality of life for rodent test subjects when ignored. An argument is put forward that laboratory animal veterinarians and scientists can and should play an important role in better controlling such variables. Similarly, the laboratory animal veterinarian and scientist should play an important role in responsible science by addressing complex interdisciplinary challenges.
Maximal 3D printing extrusion rates
Authors: Edwards D A , Mackay M E , Swain Z R , Banbury C R , Phan D D 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany applications of 3D printing are enhanced by increased printing speed. In the hot end of a 3D printer, the polymer feed stock flows in a heated cylinder at a set temperature. Since the polymer must be hot enough to reach a pliant state before extrusion, this establishes a maximum velocity beyond which the polymer is too rigid to be extruded. A mathematical model is presented for this system, and both amorphous and crystalline polymer systems are examined. The former is a heat transfer problem; the latter is a Stefan problem. Several different conditions for establishing the maximum velocity are considered; using the average polymer temperature in the hot end matches well with experimental data.
On the Andreadakis Problem for Subgroups of IA
n
Authors: Darné Jacques 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Let $F_n$ be the free group on $n$ generators. Consider the group $IA_n$ of automorphisms of $F_n$ acting trivially on its abelianization. There are two canonical filtrations on $IA_n$: the 1st one is its lower central series $\Gamma _*$; the 2nd one is the Andreadakis filtration $\mathcal A_*$, defined from the action on $F_n$. The Andreadakis problem consists in understanding the difference between these filtrations. Here, we show that they coincide when restricted to the subgroup of triangular automorphisms and to the pure braid group.
Refocusing Research on Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Eisinger Robert W , Erbelding Emily , Fauci Anthony S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article highlights biomedical research goals for the development of critical tools, including innovative diagnostics, safe and effective vaccines, and new and improved therapeutics, necessary to achieve an end to the global epidemic of sexually transmitted infections. The incidence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis, is increasing by over 1 million new cases daily and represents a global public health crisis. There is an alarming increase of gonorrhea and syphilis among men who have sex with men and bisexual men, 2 key populations also at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus. A refocused, dedicated, and intensive biomedical research program is needed targeting development of innovative diagnostics, safe and effective vaccines, and new and improved therapeutics. This article highlights biomedical research goals providing critical tools necessary to achieve an end to the global STIs epidemic.
Search-based Endogenous Asset Liquidity and the Macroeconomy
Authors: Cui Wei , Radde Sören 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe develop a search-theory of asset liquidity which gives rise to endogenous financing constraints on investment in an otherwise standard dynamic general equilibrium model. Asset liquidity describes the ease of issuance and resaleability of private financial claims, which is the outcome of a costly search-and-matching process for such claims implemented by financial intermediaries. Limited liquidity of private claims creates a role for liquid assets, such as government bonds, to ease financing constraints. We show that endogenising liquidity is essential to generate positive co-movement between asset liquidity and asset prices. When the cost of intermediating funds to entrepreneurs rises, investment and output fall whereas the hedging value of liquid assets increases, driving up liquidity premia. In the United States, such intermediation cost shocks can account for at least 37% of the variation in output, and more than 78% of the variation in liquidity premia.
Price Discovery in High Resolution
Authors: Hasbrouck Joel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractU.S. equity market data are currently timestamped to nanosecond precision. This permits models of price dynamics at resolutions sufficient to capture the reactions of the fastest agents. Direct estimation of multivariate time series models at sub-millisecond frequencies nevertheless poses substantial challenges. To facilitate such analyses, this paper applies long distributed lag models, computations that take advantage of the inherent sparsity of price transitions, and bridged modeling. At resolutions ranging from 1 s down to 10 μs, I estimate representative models for two stocks (IBM and NVDA) bearing on three topics of current interest. The first analysis examines the extent to which the conventional source of market data (the consolidated tape) accurately reflects the prices observed by agents who subscribe (at additional cost) to direct exchange feeds. At a 1-s resolution, the information share of the direct feeds is indistinguishable from that of the consolidated tape. At resolutions of 100 and 10 μs, however, the direct feeds are totally dominant, and the consolidated share approaches zero. The second analysis examines the quotes from the primary listing exchange vs. the non-listing exchanges. Here, too, information shares that are essentially indeterminate at 1-s resolution become much more distinct at higher resolutions. Although listing exchanges execute about one-fifth of the trading volume, their information shares are slightly above one-half. The third analysis examines quotes, lit trades, and dark trades. At a 1-s resolution, dark trades appear to have a small, but discernible, information contribution. This vanishes at higher resolutions. Quotes and lit trades essentially account for all price discovery, with information shares of roughly 65% and 35%, respectively.
Asymptomatic congenital intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a woman becoming symptomatic after childbirth
Authors: Kakaje Ameer , Mahfouz Mohammad , Chaban Hussain 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper describes a rare case presentation of congenital asymptomatic intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia. In this case, the female patient survived without symptoms for over 30 years until becoming symptomatic at childbirth. Diaphragmatic hernia occurs when abdominal viscera protrude into the thoracic cavity, with pericardial hernias being the rarest type. Diaphragmatic hernia can be caused by trauma that raises the intra-abdominal pressure, whereas congenital hernias are often symptomatic at birth. It is rare to have a congenital asymptomatic intrapericardial diaphragmatic hernia, where the patient survives until adulthood and subsequently becomes symptomatic after delivering a child; hence, that is the uniqueness of this case.
A case report of necrotizing fasciitis with growth of Actinomyces europaeus and Actinotignum schaalii
Authors: Kus Nicole Joanne , Kim Bryan Jordan , Ross Howard M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Actinomyces europeaeus and Actinotignum schaalii are two facultative anaerobes that are common contaminants of human flora; namely the urinary tract, the female genital tract and the gastrointestinal tract. A. europeaeus has been linked with abscesses, decubitus ulcers and purulent urethritis, while A. schaalii has been associated with urinary tract infections, bacteremia and Fournier’s gangrene. Here we present a case report of an 84-year-old female patient found to have a necrotizing soft tissue infection caused by A. europeaeus and A. schaalii. To our knowledge, this is the first case report that documents A. europeaeus as a causal agent of a necrotizing infection.
Legacy Data Confound Genomics Studies
Authors: Anderson-Trocmé Luke , Farouni Rick , Bourgey Mathieu , Kamatani Yoichiro , Higasa Koichiro , Seo Jeong-Sun , Kim Changhoon , Matsuda Fumihiko , Gravel Simon 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRecent reports have identified differences in the mutational spectra across human populations. Although some of these reports have been replicated in other cohorts, most have been reported only in the 1000 Genomes Project (1kGP) data. While investigating an intriguing putative population stratification within the Japanese population, we identified a previously unreported batch effect leading to spurious mutation calls in the 1kGP data and to the apparent population stratification. Because the 1kGP data are used extensively, we find that the batch effects also lead to incorrect imputation by leading imputation servers and a small number of suspicious GWAS associations. Lower quality data from the early phases of the 1kGP thus continue to contaminate modern studies in hidden ways. It may be time to retire or upgrade such legacy sequencing data.