bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytisine for nicotine addiction treatment: a review of pharmacology, therapeutics and an update of clinical trial evidence for smoking cessation
Authors: Tutka Piotr , Vinnikov Denis , Courtney Ryan J. , Benowitz Neal L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo review cytisine's history of use, pre‐clinical evidence, clinical pharmacokinetics, efficacy, adverse reactions (ARs) and safety for smoking cessation.MethodsA synoptic review of the use of cytisine as a smoking cessation medication, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and safety. Relevant literature on data included in these sections were identified through a search of 11 databases with additional literature obtained from reports and monographs. Three databases (PubMed, EMBASE and www.elibrary.ru) were systematically searched for studies published from 2012 to August 2018 in any language to provide an updated meta‐analysis of cytisine's efficacy and ARs for smoking cessation compared with placebo. We pooled the relative risks (RR) of abstinence in the efficacy analysis and RR of ARs, either reported by the authors or calculated from the reports.ResultsCytisine has been in use since 1964 and is currently marketed in 18 countries. Systemic bioavailability from oral ingestion is high and clearance is primarily renal, with minimal or no metabolism. Brain uptake in animal models is moderate. The plasma half‐life averages 4.8 hours. Eight studies were included for meta‐analysis of efficacy. With heterogeneous results, the overall RR versus placebo of successful continuous abstinence at the longest follow‐up was 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.38–2.19]. Nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, upper abdominal pain and dry mouth that were mild or moderate were the most common ARs, with RR versus placebo 1.10 (95% CI = 0.95–1.28). The cost of cytisine in eastern and central Europe is several‐fold less than that of other smoking cessation medications.ConclusionsCytisine is a low‐cost medication found to increase the likelihood of smoking cessation. The most frequently reported ARs of cytisine involve gastrointestinal symptoms that are mostly reported as either mild or moderate in severity.
Quality of life in children with severe forms of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in stable remission—A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Roussel Aphaia , Delbet Jean‐Daniel , Micheland Laurianne , Deschênes Georges , Decramer Stephane , Ulinski Tim 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimSevere forms of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) require immunosuppressive therapy: oral treatment or intravenous therapy (rituximab, RTX). The main objective was to describe quality of life (QOL) in these specific patients.MethodsCross‐sectional, multicentre, observational study analysed QOL using a standardised questionnaire in children from 7 to 17 years, with a steroid‐dependent or steroid‐resistant INS in stable remission. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions concerning physical and emotional well‐being, self‐esteem, family, friends, school and disease resulting in a global score of 0‐100.ResultsA total of 110 patients with a mean age of 11.6 years from three French paediatric nephrology centres were included. A total of 71 patients had oral immunosuppressive treatment, 27 had RTX, and 12 had both. 13.6% of patients had a steroid‐resistant INS. The mean number of relapses was 5.8. Seventy‐eight patients answered the questionnaire. The global score in the whole study population was 74.7; 72.6 in the RTX group, 76.2 in the oral drugs group, (P = 0.49). The results of sub‐dimension ‘school’ were statistically lower in RTX group (61.6 ± 19.5) compared with oral drugs group (71.4 ± 16; P = 0.02).ConclusionGlobal QOL score was high in ‘difficult‐to‐treat’ patients with INS in stable remission on oral immunosuppressive or RTX treatment.
Idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis treated with laparoscopic subtotal colectomy: A case report
Authors: Takahashi Jun , Miyakura Yasuyuki , Maemoto Ryo , Takayama Noriya , Fukuda Rintaro , Tamaki Sawako , Ishikawa Hideki , Tsujinaka Shingo , Lefor Alan K. , Rikiyama Toshiki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIdiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis is a rare entity characterized by chronic intestinal ischemia due to calcification and obstruction of the mesenteric veins. Here, we report a patient with idiopathic mesenteric phlebosclerosis treated with laparoscopic subtotal colectomy after evaluation by imaging studies. The patient was a 68‐year‐old Japanese woman with recurrent abdominal pain who had taken a Chinese herbal medicine for more than 20 years. Abdominal CT showed wall thickening of the right colon with calcification of branches of the superior mesenteric vein. Colonoscopy showed cyanotic mucosa from the cecum to the sigmoid colon. The affected area seen on colonoscopy extended to the distal colon. Despite discontinuation of the herbal medicine, her symptoms did not improve. Laparoscopic subtotal colectomy was performed. This report highlights the importance of appropriately evaluating the extent of the affected preoperatively area based on findings from colonoscopy, CT, and contrast enema.
Leveraging multidimensional heterogeneity in resource selection to define movement tactics of animals
Authors: Bastille‐Rousseau Guillaume , Wittemyer George 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIncreasing interest in the complexity, variation and drivers of movement‐related behaviours promise new insight into fundamental components of ecology. Resolving the multidimensionality of spatially explicit behaviour remains a challenge for investigating tactics and their relation to niche construction, but high‐resolution movement data are providing unprecedented understanding of the diversity of spatially explicit behaviours. We introduce a framework for investigating individual variation in movement‐defined resource selection that integrates the behavioural and ecological niche concepts. We apply it to long‐term tracking data of 115 African elephants (Loxodonta africana), illustrating how a behavioural hypervolume can be defined based on differences between individuals and their ecological settings, and applied to explore population heterogeneity. While normative movement behaviour is frequently used to characterise population behaviour, we demonstrate the value of leveraging heterogeneity in the behaviour to gain greater insight into population structure and the mechanisms driving space‐use tactics.
Sensitive skin is a neuropathic disorder
Authors: Huet Flavien , Misery Laurent 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSensitive skin is defined by the occurrence of unpleasant sensations such as tingling, burning, tautness, itching or pain. Mechanisms explaining sensitive skin are controversial, and many hypotheses have been proposed. Because sensitive skin is primarily characterized by a wide variety of neuropathic‐like symptoms, it is highly likely that neurosensory dysfunction in the skin represents one of the pathological mechanisms of sensitive skin. This hypothesis does not exclude other explanations like role of keratinocyte, transient receptor potential channels, vasculature or environmental factors. Nevertheless, the role of the nervous system in the development of sensitive skin is crucial, and growing evidence supports this hypothesis. Pain and pruritus described by patients with sensitive skin correspond to neuropathic component, and its assessment shows an increase in neuropathic measures (DN‐4, Douleur Neuropathique 4) compared with control. These sensations are similar to the sensations observed in small‐fibre neuropathy (SFN), which is a group of disorders that affect thin nerve fibres. One study on the pathophysiology of sensitive skin demonstrated that intra‐epidermal nerve fibre density, especially of peptidergic C‐fibres, was lower in the sensitive skin group. A recent study showed a modification in heat‐pain detection threshold in patients with sensitive skin. All these results indicate that C‐fibre damage can help explain sensitive skin. Consequently, the role of the nervous system is increasingly obvious. Nevertheless, keratinocytes and other epidermal cells closely participate in sensory transduction. Therefore, the results of neurophysiological studies should be interpreted in the light of this information that the whole epidermis represents a huge polymodal nociceptor.
The accuracy of single‐tooth implants placed using fully digital‐guided surgery and freehand implant surgery
Authors: Smitkarn Palita , Subbalekha Keskanya , Mattheos Nikos , Pimkhaokham Atiphan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimThis randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) aimed to compare the accuracy of implant positions between static computer‐assisted implant surgery (CAIS) and freehand implant surgery in a single edentulous space.Materials and methodsSites with single edentulous spaces and neighbouring natural teeth were randomized into static CAIS or freehand implant surgery groups. In both groups, digital implant planning was performed using data from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and surface scans. In the static CAIS group, a surgical guide was produced and used for fully guided implant surgery, while in the freehand group, the implants were placed in a freehand manner. Postoperative CBCT was used for nine measurements representing the deviations in angles, implant shoulders and apexes between planned and actual implant positions.ResultsFifty‐two patients received 60 single implants. The median (IQR) deviations in angles, shoulders and apexes were 2.8 (2.6)°, 0.9 (0.8) mm and 1.2 (0.9) mm, respectively, in the static CAIS group, and 7.0 (7.0)°, 1.3 (0.7) mm and 2.2 (1.2) mm, respectively, in the freehand group. Statistically significant differences were found in 6 out of nine measured parameters using Mann–Whitney U test (p < 0.05).ConclusionStatic CAIS provided more accuracy in implant positions than freehand placement in a single edentulous space.
Short‐term outcomes of staged lateral alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous tooth roots. A prospective controlled clinical study
Authors: Schwarz Frank , Hazar Didem , Becker Kathrin , Parvini Puria , Sader Robert , Becker Jürgen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the short‐term clinical outcomes of lateral alveolar ridge augmentation using autogenous tooth roots (TR) and autogenous bone blocks (AB).Material and MethodsA total of n = 23 patients (23 implants) were available for the analysis. Each subject was allocated to lateral ridge augmentation using either (a) healthy autogenous tooth roots (e.g., retained wisdom or impacted teeth; n = 13) or (b) cortical autogenous bone blocks harvested from the retromolar area (n = 10). Clinical parameters (e.g., bleeding on probing—BOP, probing pocket depth—PD, mucosal recession—MR, clinical attachment level—CAL) were recorded at (V8) and after 26 ± 4 weeks (V9) of implant loading.ResultsTR and AB groups were associated with comparable (p > 0.05) changes in mean BOP (−23.0 ± 34.3%; −11.75 ± 24.9%), PD (−0.03 ± 0.14 mm; −0.1 ± 0.29 mm), MR (0.0 ± 0.0 mm; 0.0 ± 0.0 mm) and CAL (−0.03 ± 0.14 mm; −0.1 ± 0.29 mm) values. The regression analysis failed to reveal any significant correlations between changes in BOP and PD values and the initial as well as the ridge width measured at 26 weeks.ConclusionsTR and AB were associated with comparable clinical short‐term outcomes.
Mothers in same‐sex relationships—Striving for equal parenthood: A grounded theory study
Authors: Appelgren Engström Heléne , Häggström‐Nordin Elisabet , Borneskog Catrin , Almqvist Anna‐Lena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo get a deeper understanding of how mothers in same‐sex relationships think and reason about their parenthood in terms of gender equality, and how they experience early parental support from child healthcare professionals.BackgroundThere is an increasing amount of research on how women in same‐sex relationships experience healthcare services when forming a family. Yet there is limited knowledge of what kind of early parental support these women may request.DesignGrounded theory. Follows guidelines for qualitative research (COREQ).MethodTwenty women ranging from 25 to 42 years of age participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data collection and analysis took place in parallel, as recommended in grounded theory methodology.ResultsThe results are described by the core category Same‐sex mothers request professional support to achieve equal parenthood, which includes five categories: (a) equality in everyday life, (b) diversity in mother and child attachment, (c) justification of the family structure, (d) ambivalent thoughts about their child's future and (e) a special need for networking and request for professional support. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how same‐sex mothers experience their parenthood and the parental support that is offered.ConclusionChild healthcare professionals need to be sensitive and recognise both mothers as equal parents and offer early parenting groups where two‐mother families feel included and supported.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals need to be aware of diverse family formations and meet each parent as a unique individual without heteronormative assumptions. Same‐sex mothers must be treated as equal parents and acknowledged as mothers. Healthcare professionals should offer inclusive and supportive parental groups to same‐sex families. They should also inform and support nonbirth mothers about the possibility to breastfeed.
The health‐related quality of life among patients on maintenance haemodialysis: Evaluation using the “EQ‐5D”
Authors: Yuan Huaihong , Yang Yujie , Zhang Yinjun , Xue Guifang , Chen Lin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeWe conducted a cross‐sectional investigation of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) among maintenance haemodialysis (MHD) patients, and determined important predictive factors of HRQOL in these patients.MethodsPsychological factors were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the General Self‐Efficacy Scale (GSES). HRQOL was evaluated with the EQ‐5D. Laboratory data (albumin, haemoglobin and C‐reactive protein) were collected for medical evaluation. We also collected participants’ demographic data, including gender, age, et al. This study was in compliance with the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist.ResultsThe mean EQ‐5D score was 0.86 ± 0.12, mean HADS‐anxiety score was 5.27 ± 3.41, mean HADS‐depression score was 5.29 ± 3.58, mean PSQI score was 7.00 ± 4.23 and mean GSES score was 6.86 ± 2.03. Participants’ mean haemoglobin was 108.18 ± 16.45 g/L, mean albumin was 41.80 ± 4.61 g/L and mean C‐reactive protein was 8.88 ± 18.50 mg/L. HRQOL was negatively correlated with HADS‐anxiety (r = −0.390, p < 0.001), HADS‐depression (r = −0.385, p < 0.001), PSQI (r = −0.285, p < 0.001) and C‐reactive protein (r = −0.198, p = 0.034). HRQOL was positively correlated with GSES (r = 0.205, p = 0.007). Age (p < 0.001), anxiety (p < 0.001), depression (p = 0.002), and postdialysis unemployment (p < 0.001) were independent risk factors for HRQOL.ConclusionDifferent health interventions should be implemented to improve patients’ HRQOL.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results will provide evidence for establishing healthcare interventions to maintain or improve HRQOL among this patient population.
Potentially inappropriate medication use and frailty phenotype among community‐dwelling older adults: A population‐based study
Authors: Bolina Alisson Fernandes , Gomes Nayara Cândida , Marchiori Gianna Fiori , Pegorari Maycon Sousa , Tavares Darlene Mara dos Santos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo investigate the association between potentially inappropriate medication use and frailty phenotype among community‐dwelling older adults and to identify factors associated with the use of these drugs according to frailty condition.BackgroundThere is insufficient evidence about the association between inappropriate medication use and the condition of frailty, particularly among community‐dwelling older adults. Therefore, data obtained from population surveys should be made available in order to support the development of clinical guidelines about the prevention of frailty.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study conducted according to the STROBE Checklist.MethodsThis population‐based study was conducted on 1,607 older adults. Potentially inappropriate medication use was assessed according to Beers criteria and frailty syndrome was determined according to the phenotype proposed by Fried and colleagues. Data were analysed statistically using multinomial or binary logistic regression models.ResultsAbout 13.6% of the subjects were frail, and 36.8% used at least one inappropriate medication. The adjusted model indicated that, the more potentially inappropriate medication use, the higher the prevalence of frailty, prefrailty and the walking slowness component. Female gender, one or more years of schooling, five or more reported morbidities, and instrumental dependence regarding daily life activities were factors associated with potentially inappropriate medication use in the nonfrail group.ConclusionInappropriate medication use was prevalent among community‐living older adults, and its presence was associated with the occurrence of frailty.Relevance to clinical practicePrimary care nurses are the professionals with the greatest contact with the older adults in the community. Thus, the results support the inclusion of the assessment of potentially inappropriate medication use in the routine of nursing consultation. In case of a positive screening, the older person should be referred to geriatric evaluation in order to optimise drug treatment for the prevention of frailty.
Convolutional neural network‐based wind‐induced response estimation model for tall buildings
Authors: Oh Byung Kwan , Glisic Branko , Kim Yousok , Park Hyo Seon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study presents a convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based response estimation model for structural health monitoring (SHM) of tall buildings subject to wind loads. In this model, the wind‐induced responses are estimated by CNN trained with previously measured sensor signals; this enables the SHM system to operate stably even when a sensor fault or data loss occurs. In the presented model, top‐level wind‐induced displacement in the time and frequency domains, and wind data in the frequency domain are configured into the input map of the CNN to reflect the resisting capacity of a tall building, the change in the dynamic characteristics of the building due to wind loads, and the relationship between wind load and the building. To evaluate stress, which is used as a safety indicator for structural members in the building, the maximum and minimum strains of columns are set as the output layer of the CNN. The CNN is trained using measured wind and wind response data to predict the column strains during a future wind load. The presented model is validated using data from a wind tunnel test of a building model. The performance of the presented model is verified through strain estimation with data that were not used in the CNN training. To assess the validity of the presented input map configuration, the estimation performance is compared with a CNN that considered only the time domain responses as input. Furthermore, the effects of the variations in the configuration of the CNN on the wind response estimation performance are examined.
Medication Use and Pain Management in Pregnancy: A Critical Review
Authors: Black Eleanor , Khor Kok Eng , Kennedy Debra , Chutatape Anuntapon , Sharma Swapnil , Vancaillie Thierry , Demirkol Apo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPain during pregnancy is common, and its management is complex. Certain analgesics may increase the risk for adverse fetal and pregnancy outcomes, while poorly managed pain can result in adverse maternal outcomes such as depression and hypertension. Guidelines to assist clinicians in assessing risks and benefits of exposure to analgesics for the mother and unborn infant are lacking, necessitating evidence‐based recommendations for managing pain in pregnancy.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted to assess pregnancy safety data for pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain management methods. Relevant clinical trials and observational studies were identified using multiple medical databases, and included studies were evaluated for quality and possible biases.ResultsParacetamol and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are appropriate for mild to moderate pain, but NSAIDs should be avoided in the third trimester due to established risks. Short courses of weaker opioids are generally safe in pregnancy, although neonatal abstinence syndrome must be monitored following third trimester exposure. Limited safety data for pregabalin and gabapentin indicate that these are unlikely to be major teratogens, and tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin‐norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors have limited but overall reassuring safety data. Many of the included studies were limited by methodological issues.ConclusionsFindings from this review can guide clinicians in their decision to prescribe analgesics for pregnant women. Treatment should be tailored to the lowest therapeutic dose and shortest possible duration, and management should involve a discussion of risks and benefits and monitoring for response. Further research is required to better understand the safety profile of various analgesics in pregnancy.
Neural anticipatory mechanisms predict faster reaction times and higher fluid intelligence
Authors: McKinney Ty L. , Euler Matthew J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHigher cognitive ability is reliably linked to better performance on chronometric tasks (i.e., faster reaction times, RT), yet the neural basis of these effects remains unclear. Anticipatory processes represent compelling yet understudied potential mechanisms of these effects, which may facilitate performance through reducing the uncertainty surrounding the temporal onset of stimuli (temporal uncertainty) and/or facilitating motor readiness despite uncertainty about impending target locations (target uncertainty). Specifically, the contingent negative variation (CNV) represents a compelling candidate mechanism of anticipatory motor planning, while the alpha oscillation is thought to be sensitive to temporal contingencies in perceptual systems. The current study undertook a secondary analysis of a large data set (n = 91) containing choice RT, cognitive ability, and EEG measurements to help clarify these issues. Single‐trial EEG analysis in conjunction with mixed‐effects modeling revealed that higher fluid intelligence corresponded to faster RT on average. When considered together, temporal and target uncertainty moderated the RT‐ability relationship, with higher ability being associated with greater resilience to both types of uncertainty. Target uncertainty attenuated the amplitude of the CNV for all participants, but higher ability individuals were more resilient to this effect. Similarly, only higher ability individuals showed increased prestimulus alpha power (at left‐lateralized sites) during longer, more easily anticipated interstimulus intervals. Collectively, these findings emphasize top‐down anticipatory processes as likely contributors to chronometry‐ability correlations.