bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analyzing the Onset of Cometary Activity by the Jupiter-family Comet 2023 RN3
Authors: Dobson Matthew M. , Schwamb Megan E. , Fitzsimmons Alan , Kelley Michael S. P. , Holt Carrie E. , Murtagh Joseph , Hsieh Henry H. , Denneau Larry , Erasmus Nicolas , Heinze A. N. , Shingles Luke J. , Siverd Robert J. , Smith Ken W. , Tonry John L. , Weiland Henry , Young David. R. , Lister Tim , Gomez Edward , Chatelain Joey , Greenstreet Sarah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We utilize serendipitous observations from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) and the Zwicky Transient Facility in addition to targeted follow-up observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) and Liverpool Telescope to analyze the first observed instance of cometary activity by the newly discovered Jupiter-family comet C/2023 RN3 (ATLAS), whose orbital dynamics place it close to residing on a Centaur-like orbit. Across our 7 month baseline, we observe an epoch of cometary activity commencing in 2023 August with an increase in brightness of >5.4 mag. The lightcurve of 2023 RN3 indicates the presence of continuous cometary activity across our observations, suggesting the onset of a new period of sustained activity. We find no evidence of any outbursts on top of the observed brightening nor do we find any significant color evolution across our observations. 2023 RN3 is visibly extended in LCO and Liverpool Telescope observations, indicating the presence of a spatially extended coma. Numerical integration of 2023 RN3's orbit reveals the comet to have recently undergone a slight increase in semimajor axis due to a planetary encounter with Jupiter; however, whether this orbital change could trigger 2023 RN3's cometary activity is unclear. Our estimate for the maximum dust production metric of Af
ρ ∼ 400 cm is consistent with previous measurements for the Jupiter-family comet and Centaur populations.
The Evolution of Binaries Embedded Within Common Envelopes
Authors: Rosselli-Calderon Alejandra , Yarza Ricardo , Murguia-Berthier Ariadna , Rohoza Valeriia , Everson Rosa Wallace , Antoni Andrea , MacLeod Morgan , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Triple stellar systems allow us to study stellar processes that cannot be attained in binary stars. The evolutionary phases in which the stellar members undergo mass exchanges can alter the hierarchical layout of these systems. Yet, the lack of a self-consistent treatment of common-envelope (CE) in triple-star systems hinders the comprehensive understanding of their long-term fate. This paper examines the conditions predicted around binaries embedded within CEs using local 3D hydrodynamical simulations. We explore varying the initial binary separation, the flow Mach number, and the background stellar density gradients as informed by a wide array of CE conditions, including those invoked to explain the formation of the triple system hosting PSR J0337+1715. We find that the stellar density gradient governs the gaseous drag force, which determines the final configuration of the embedded binary. We observe a comparable net drag force on the center of mass but an overall reduction in the accretion rate of the binary compared to the single-object case. We find that, for most CE conditions, and in contrast to the uniform background density case, the binary orbital separation increases with time, softening the binary and preventing it from subsequently merging. We conclude that binaries spiraling within CEs become more vulnerable to disruption by tidal interactions. This can have profound implications on the final outcomes of triple-star systems.
The Star Formation History of Nearby Galaxies: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Yang Yujiao , Liu Chao , Yang Ming , Zheng Yun , Tian Hao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Reproducing color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of star-resolved galaxies is one of the most precise methods for measuring the star formation history (SFH) of nearby galaxies back to the earliest time. The upcoming big data era poses challenges to the traditional numerical technique in its capacity to deal with vast amounts of data, which motivates us to explore the feasibility of employing machine learning networks in this field. In this study, we refine the synthetic CMD method with a state-of-the-art theoretical stellar evolution model to simulate the properties of stellar populations, incorporate the convolutional neural network in the fitting process to enhance the efficiency, and innovate the initial stellar mass estimation to improve the flexibility. The fine-tuned deep learning network, named SFHNet, has been tested with synthetic data and further validated with photometric data collected from the Hubble Space Telescope. The derived SFHs are largely in accordance with those reported in the literature. Furthermore, the network provides detailed insights into the distribution of stellar density, initial stellar mass, and star formation rate over the age–metallicity map. The application of the deep learning network not only measures the SFH accurately but also enhances the synthetic CMD method’s efficiency and flexibility, thereby facilitating a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of nearby galaxies.
GR-RMHD Simulations of Super-Eddington Accretion Flows onto a Neutron Star with Dipole and Quadrupole Magnetic Fields
Authors: Inoue Akihiro , Ohsuga Ken , Takahashi Hiroyuki R. , Asahina Yuta , Middleton Matthew J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Although ultraluminous X-ray pulsars (ULXPs) are believed to be powered by super-Eddington accretion onto a magnetized neutron star (NS), the detailed structures of the inflow–outflow and magnetic fields are still not well understood. We perform general relativistic radiation magnetohydrodynamics (GR-RMHD) simulations of super-Eddington accretion flows onto a magnetized NS with dipole and/or quadrupole magnetic fields. Our results show that an accretion disk and optically thick outflows form outside the magnetospheric radius, while inflows aligned with magnetic field lines appear inside. When the dipole field is more prominent than the quadrupole field at the magnetospheric radius, accretion columns form near the magnetic poles, whereas a quadrupole magnetic field stronger than the dipole field results in the formation of a belt-like accretion flow near the equatorial plane. The NS spins up as the angular momentum of the accreting gas is converted into the angular momentum of the electromagnetic field, which then flows into the NS. Even if an accretion column forms near one of the magnetic poles, the observed luminosity is almost the same on both the side with the accretion column and the side without it, because the radiation energy is transported to both sides through scattering. Our model suggests that galactic ULXP Swift J0243.6+6124 has a quadrupole magnetic field of 2 × 1013 G and a dipole magnetic field of less than 4 × 1012 G.
Monte Carlo Calculation of Electron Energy Degradation in a Pure O2 Atmosphere
Authors: Ni Yangxin , Gu Hao , Cui Jun , Huang Xu , Li Wenlong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Electron degradation serves as a significant energy source in planetary upper atmospheres. In this study, a Monte Carlo model is constructed to investigate the degradation of electrons in a pure O2 atmosphere under the local approximation. Both elastic and inelastic collision processes between electrons and O2 molecules are considered in the model. The yield spectra, characterizing the occurrence of various inelastic collisions for a specified pair of incident and post-collision energies, are obtained from the model. When combined with the information of e-O2 collision cross sections, the yields of each inelastic process are then determined. Furthermore, we derive the mean energy per ion pair and the efficiencies of various inelastic processes, along with the yields of secondary (and higher-order) electrons. The calculations presented here are beneficial for understanding the ionization and heating budgets in planetary atmospheres containing a significant amount of O2 such as Earth and Jovian icy satellites (Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto).
Tracking an Eruptive Prominence Using Multiwavelength and Multiview Observations on 2023 March 7
Authors: Zhang Qingmin , Ou Yudi , Huang Zhenghua , Song Yongliang , Ma Suli 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we carry out multiwavelength and multiview observations of the prominence eruption, which generated a C2.3 class flare and a coronal mass ejection (CME) on 2023 March 7. For the first time, we apply the revised cone model to three-dimensional reconstruction and tracking of the eruptive prominence for ∼4 hr. The prominence propagates nonradially and makes a detour around the large-scale coronal loops in active region NOAA 13243. The northward deflection angle increases from ∼36° to ∼47° before returning to ∼36° and keeping up. There is no longitudinal deflection throughout the propagation. The angular width of the cone increases from ∼30° and reaches a plateau at ∼37°. The heliocentric distance of the prominence rises from ∼1.1 to ∼10.0 R
☉, and the prominence experiences continuous acceleration (∼51 m s−2) over 2 hr, which is probably related to the magnetic reconnection during the C-class flare. The true speed of the CME front is estimated to be ∼829 km s−1, which is ∼1.2 times larger than that of the CME core (prominence). We conclude that both acceleration and deflection of eruptive prominences in their early lives could be reproduced with the revised cone model.
The X-Ray Luminous Type Ibn SN 2022ablq: Estimates of Preexplosion Mass Loss and Constraints on Precursor Emission
Authors: Pellegrino C. , Modjaz M. , Takei Y. , Tsuna D. , Newsome M. , Pritchard T. , Baer-Way R. , Bostroem K. A. , Chandra P. , Charalampopoulos P. , Dong Y. , Farah J. , Howell D. A. , McCully C. , Mohamed S. , Padilla Gonzalez E. , Terreran G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Type Ibn supernovae (SNe Ibn) are rare stellar explosions powered primarily by interaction between the SN ejecta and H-poor, He-rich material lost by their progenitor stars. Multiwavelength observations, particularly in the X-rays, of SNe Ibn constrain their poorly understood progenitor channels and mass-loss mechanisms. Here we present Swift X-ray, ultraviolet, and ground-based optical observations of the Type Ibn SN 2022ablq, only the second SN Ibn with X-ray detections to date. While similar to the prototypical Type Ibn SN 2006jc in the optical, SN 2022ablq is roughly an order of magnitude more luminous in the X-rays, reaching unabsorbed luminosities L
X ∼ 4 × 1040 erg s−1 between 0.2–10 keV. From these X-ray observations we infer time-varying mass-loss rates between 0.05 and 0.5 M
⊙ yr−1 peaking 0.5–2 yr before explosion. This complex mass-loss history and circumstellar environment disfavor steady-state winds as the primary progenitor mass-loss mechanism. We also search for precursor emission from alternative mass-loss mechanisms, such as eruptive outbursts, in forced photometry during the 2 yr before explosion. We find no statistically significant detections brighter than M ≈ −14—too shallow to rule out precursor events similar to those observed for other SNe Ibn. Finally, numerical models of the explosion of an ∼15 M
⊙ helium star that undergoes an eruptive outburst ≈1.8 yr before explosion are consistent with the observed bolometric light curve. We conclude that our observations disfavor a Wolf–Rayet star progenitor losing He-rich material via stellar winds and instead favor lower-mass progenitor models, including Roche-lobe overflow in helium stars with compact binary companions or stars that undergo eruptive outbursts during late-stage nucleosynthesis stages.
Investigating the Impact of Selected B Vitamins (B1, B2, B6, and B12) on Acute Colitis Induced Experimentally in Rats
Authors: Dalayeli Niloufar , Hajhashemi Valiollah , Talebi Ardeshir , Minaiyan Mohsen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background:
Malnutrition and lack of micronutrients are seen in many patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Considering that vitamins play an important role in preventing or protecting against inflammation at the metabolic, physiological, and pathological levels, this research was aimed to investigate the effect of a number of vitamin B groups in improving UC.

Methods:
Experimental colitis was induced by rectal administration of acetic acid (3%) in male Wistar rats, and mega doses of thiamine (20 mg/kg), riboflavin (15 mg/kg), pyridoxine (30 mg/kg), and cyanocobalamin (250 μg/kg) alone or in combination were administered intraperitoneally for 5 days. In another group, normal dose (1/10 of the above-mentioned doses) of four vitamins in combination was administered for 15 days (started 10 days before colitis induction). Colon tissues were weighted and evaluated in terms of macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical markers.

Results:
Normal dose of four vitamins in combination form and mega dose of thiamine caused a significant increase in the body weight of animals. All treatments except for pyridoxine (mega dose) diminished ulceration index, total colitis index, and colon weight compared to the control group. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased significantly in all treatment groups.

Conclusions:
The anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcerative properties of selected B vitamins improved experimental colitis regardless of the dosage and duration of treatment. Despite its beneficial effect on biochemical markers, pyridoxine had the least effect in reducing the pathological features of colitis. More studies are needed to confirm the effect of these vitamins in the clinical setting of this disease.
Vitamin D supplementations and mortality among patients with moderate/severe COVID-19: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Mirghani Hyder , Begum Shamina 
Published: November 2024

Background:
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with severe COVID 19 and poor outcomes. However, the role of Vitamin D supplementation on mortality is controversial. The current meta analysis aimed to investigate the same among patients with COVID 19.

Materials and Methods:
We searched six databases from inception up to July 2023. The keywords used were COVID 19, SARS COV 2, mortality, Vitamin D, calcitriol, cholecalciferol, Calcifediol, survival, death, small dose, and high dose. Eight hundred and sixteen studies were retrieved, 103 full texts were screened, and 14 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta analysis. A structured checklist was used to gather the author’s name, country, year of publication, Vitamin D dose, age, sex, number of patients, mortality, and comorbidities. The Cochrane system for meta analysis (RevMan, version 5.4) was used for the data analysis.

Results:
No association was found between Vitamin D supplementation and mortality among patients with COVID 19, odd ratio, 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.84–1.59, and P = 0.36. No difference between high and low dose Vitamin D supplementation, odd ratio, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.37–1.57, and P = 0.13. In a sub analysis, no significant statistical difference was found between low dose Vitamin D supplementation versus placebo, and when considering patients who were Vitamin D deficient, odd ratio, 1.10, 95% CI, 0.74–1.63. The P = 0.64 and, odd ratio, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.71–1.40, and P = 0.97 respectively.

Conclusion:
No association was evident between Vitamin D supplementation and mortality among patients with COVID 19 irrespective of doses and Vitamin D status. Further studies are needed to address the timing and frequency of Vitamin D supplementations.
Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among patients attending a tertiary care hospital from August 2022 to May 2024
Authors: Bhaumik Shalini , Kshetrimayum Ammy , Rajkumari Nonika , Ghoshal Ujjala , Chatterjee Shiv Sekhar , Nayak Gayatree 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and to identify temporal trends over a two year period among patients attending a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted in the Microbiology Department, AIIMS Kalyani, West Bengal. Stool samples sent for diagnostic screening from August 2022 to May 2024 were included in the analysis. Complete patient details and blood parameters were retrieved from hospital records.

Results:
Out of the 532 subjects, 64.7% were males and 35.3% were females, with 39.8% of the children aged between 0-18 years. The prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 6.8%. The highest prevalence of parasitosis was observed in the age group over 60 years, followed by 46-60 age year group, at 14.1% and 9.5% respectively. The lowest prevalence was found in the age group of 31-45 years at 2.2%. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar showed the highest prevalence at 61.1%, followed by Giardia spp. at 16.7%. Multi-parasitism was observed in only 2.8 % of the subjects.

Conclusions:
There was an annual increase in the trend of intestinal parasitic infections over the 2 year period from 2022 to 2024. Therefore, important interventions are warranted, such as enhancing sanitary conditions, implementing periodic deworming programs, and educating the public about the risks of faecal contamination of water, the importance of drinking boiled water, and promoting environmental hygienic practices.
Evaluation of surgical sterilization techniques for domestic carnivores used in veterinary practices in the Dakar region
Authors: Adamou Sahidi , Lapo Rock , Awounon Kayi , Onidje Edmond 
Published: November 2024

Surgical sterilization is one of the most common procedures performed by veterinarians on domestic carnivores. Often perceived as a “routine” procedure, its practice requires good mastery of surgical techniques. This survey, carried out in 14 veterinary practices located in the Dakar region, aimed to evaluate surgical sterilization techniques applied to domestic carnivores. Among the different techniques identified, it appears that the closed technique is predominant among males (67% of practices for dogs and 83% for cats). In females, oophorectomy (OVE) by the white line is clearly at the top of the preferences (71% of practices for bitches and 77% for cats), compared to oophorectomy techniques (OVF) by the flank and ovario-hysterectomy (OVH). Furthermore, the majority of veterinary practices surveyed reported post-operative complications. A significant variation in intervention costs was also noted between veterinary practices, with these differences being influenced by the context of castration, the species, the sex of the animal as well as the prestige of the veterinary practice. In summary, this study contributed to a better understanding of current practices of surgical sterilization of domestic carnivores in the Dakar region.La stérilisation chirurgicale constitue l'une des procédures les plus fréquemment effectuées par les vétérinaires chez les carnivores domestiques. Souvent perçue comme une intervention de &quot;routine&quot;, sa pratique requiert une bonne maîtrise des techniques chirurgicales. Cette enquête, menée dans 14 cabinets vétérinaires situés dans la région de Dakar, avait pour objectif d'évaluer les techniques de stérilisation chirurgicale appliquées aux carnivores domestiques. Parmi les différentes techniques identifiées, il ressort que la technique fermée est prédominante chez les mâles (67% des cabinets pour les chiens et 83% pour les chats). Chez les femelles, l'ovariectomie (OVE) par la ligne blanche est nettement en tête des préférences (71 % des cabinets pour les chiennes et 77 % pour les chattes), comparativement aux techniques d'ovariectomie (OVF) par le flanc et d'ovario-hystérectomie (OVH). Par ailleurs, la majorité des cabinets vétérinaires sondés ont signalé des complications post-opératoires. Une variation significative des coûts des interventions a également été constatée entre les cabinets vétérinaires, ces différences étant influencées par le contexte de la castration, l'espèce, le sexe de l'animal ainsi que le prestige du cabinet vétérinaire. En somme, cette étude a contribué à une meilleure compréhension des pratiques actuelles de stérilisation chirurgicale des carnivores domestiques dans la région de Dakar.
Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of an Additive of Chromium Chelate of DL-methionine (Availa®Cr) as a Feed Additive for Dairy Cows (RP16)
Authors:   Food Standards Agency,   Food Standards Scotland
Published: November 2024

An application was submitted to the Food Standards Agency (FSA) in January 2021 from Zinpro Animal Nutrition (“the applicant”) for the authorisation of a chromium chelate of DL-methionine (Availa®Cr) as a feed additive under the category of ‘zootechnical’ additives, functional group ‘other zootechnical additives’. The additive is a chromium chelate of DL-methionine, proposed to be used at a minimum dose of 0.2 mg/kg chromium (Cr) and a maximum dose of 0.5 mg/kg of complete feed (moisture content of 12%), and aims to increase milk yield in dairy cows. This feed additive had its application of authorisation assessed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), which was published in 2020. FSA/FSS have reviewed the information available, including the EFSA opinion (https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6026), to conclude on the Identity and Characterisation, and Safety sections of the dossier. No conclusion could be reached on the Efficacy of the additive. The Animal Feed and Feed Additives Joint Expert Group and its successor body, the Advisory Committee on Animal Feedingstuffs (ACAF), were asked to review the Efficacy section of the dossier and the supplementary information submitted by the Applicant, and to advise the Food Standards Agency and Food Standards Scotland (FSA/FSS) in evaluating the dossier. The FSA/FSS concluded, based on their review of the information available, including the EFSA opinion, and confirmed that the additive, when used at a maximum dose of 0.5 mg Cr/kg of complete feed, is safe for the target species with a 10-fold margin of safety. The additive can be considered safe for the environment. Based on the weight of evidence of in vivo genotoxicity studies together with previous evaluations of the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Cr (III) and its salts, and the limited exposure expected through the diet, the additive can be considered safe to consumers when used in dairy cows at a maximum level of 0.5 mg/kg of complete feed. The additive is not an eye or skin irritant, and is a skin sensitiser. Given the uncertainties and the high dusting potential of the additive, measures should be taken to minimise exposure to users and workers through inhalation. The FSA/FSS concluded, based on the ACAF’s advice, that the additive has the potential to be efficacious for increasing milk yield in dairy cows at the recommended dose of 0.2-0.5 mg/kg of complete feed with a moisture content of 12%. The views of AFFAJEG/ACAF have been taken into account in the safety assessment which represents the opinion of the FSA and FSS. This document replaces the previous Safety Assessment published in 2023.