bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple sclerosis: Executive dysfunction, task switching and the role of attention
Authors: Clough M , Foletta P , Frohman AN , Sears D , Ternes A , White OB , Fielding J 
Published: April 2018

Background It has been suggested that switching ability might not be affected in multiple sclerosis (MS) as previously thought; however, whether this is true under more ‘real-world’ conditions when asymmetry in task difficulty is present has not been ascertained. Objective The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of task difficulty asymmetry on task switching ability in MS. Method An ocular motor (OM) paradigm that interleaves the simple task of looking towards a target (prosaccade, PS) with the cognitively more difficult task of looking away from a target (antisaccade, PS) was used. Two switching conditions: (1) PS switch cost, switching to a simple task from a difficult task (PS switch), relative to performing two simple tasks concurrently (PS repeat); (2) AS switch cost, switching to a difficult task from a simple task (AS switch) relative to performing two difficult tasks concurrently (AS repeat). Forty-five relapsing–remitting MS patients and 30 control individuals were compared. Results Controls and patients produced a similar magnitude PS switch cost, suggesting that task difficulty asymmetry does not detrimentally impact MS patients when transitioning from a more difficult task to a simpler task. However, MS patients alone found switching from the simpler PS trial to the more difficult AS trial easier (shorter latency and reduced error) than performing two AS trials consecutively (AS switch benefit). Further, MS patients performed significantly more errors than controls when required to repeat the same trial consecutively. Conclusion MS patients appear to find the maintenance of task-relevant processes difficult not switching per se, with deficits exacerbated under increased attentional demands.
Alteration of gait parameters in a mouse model of surgically induced knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Makii Yuma , Asaka Meiko , Setogawa Susumu , Fujiki Soichiro , Hosaka Yoko , Yano Fumiko , Oka Hiroyuki , Tanaka Sakae , Fukui Naoshi , Yanagihara Dai , Saito Taku 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: Joint pain is the most common symptom of osteoarthritis (OA); however, its mechanism remains unclarified. The present study investigated hindlimb motion during locomotion on the treadmill using a three-dimensional (3D) motion analysis system with high-speed cameras to evaluate whether this method can be used as an indication of joint pain in a mouse model of surgically induced OA. Methods: We resected the medial meniscus and medial collateral ligament in 8-week old C57BL/6 male mice and performed locomotion recording 6 months post-operatively. Additionally, we performed the same recording after oral administration of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor to determine whether alteration of the parameters were associated with joint pain. Results: OA development, characterized by cartilage degeneration and osteophyte formation, was markedly enhanced in the OA group. There was no significant difference between the sham and OA groups in basic gait parameters, including stance duration, swing duration and gait cycle. However, when we divided the gait cycle into four phases and calculated the joint ranges of motion in each phase, the range of motion of the knee joint during the stepping-in phase and the swing duration were significantly decreased in the OA group. These significant differences between the sham and OA groups were diminished by the oral administration of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor to the OA group. Conclusion: The present method may be useful to evaluate joint pain in experimental mice and contribute to elucidating the molecular mechanisms of pain in the OA knee joint in combination with genetically modified mice.
Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty with posterior capsular plication versus reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with biconcave glenoids: A matched cohort study
Authors: Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Wanderman Nathan R , Assenmacher Andrew T , Sperling John W , Cofield Robert H , Sánchez-Sotelo Joaquín 
Published: April 2018

Purpose: To compare the outcomes of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) with posterior capsule plication (PCP) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in patients with primary osteoarthritis, posterior subluxation, and bone loss (Walch B2). Patients and methods: All shoulders undergoing anatomic TSA with PCP were retrospectively identified (group 1, G1) and compared to shoulders undergoing RSA (group 2, G2) for Walch B2 osteoarthritis. There were 15 patients in G1 (mean (SD) age and follow-up of 70.5 (7.5) years and 42.8 (18.4) months, respectively) and 16 patients in G2 (mean (SD) age and follow-up of 72.6 (5.4) years and 35.1 (14.2) months, respectively). Results: Both groups had substantial improvements in pain and function. In G1, results were excellent in 80% and satisfactory in 20%, compared to 81% and 6% in G2, respectively ( p = 0.2). The mean (SD) American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score was 91.2 (6.7) and 80.3 (14.3) in G1 and G2, respectively ( p = 0.08). The mean Simple Shoulder Test score was 10.6 in G1 and 8.5 in G2 ( p = 0.01). There were no reoperations in either group, but G1 had seven postoperative complications. Conclusions: The outcomes of TSA with PCP are comparable to RSA in patients with osteoarthritis and biconcave glenoids. However, TSA leads to more complications while RSA leads to lower functional outcomes.
Oral Health Literacy, Preventive Behavior Measures, and Chronic Medical Conditions
Authors: Messadi D.V. , Macek M.D. , Markovic D. , Atchison K.A. 
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between oral health literacy, preventive orientation and behaviors, and chronic medical conditions—specifically, hypertension and diabetes. A cross-sectional study was conducted with dental school patients attending the dental clinics in Los Angeles, California, and Baltimore, Maryland. Their health literacy levels were measured using the short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (Short-TOFHLA) and the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry (REALM-D). The medical history and existing medical conditions—specifically, hypertension and diabetes status—were extracted from patient health history and electronic records. Ten items were asked about preventive behaviors (e.g., brushing teeth in evening, smoking, exercise, drinking soda) and 3 preventive health services (dental checkup, flu shot, medical checkup). Six locus of control items were asked (e.g., good health is a matter of good fortune, what happens to my health is God’s will). Out of 793 subjects, 221 had a documented history of hypertension, 88 with diabetes. There was an association between Short-TOFHLA scores and both diabetes and hypertension, but after controlling for sociodemographic and preventive variables, the association was no longer significant. In multivariate analysis, women, people with at least some college, Asians or non-Hispanic Whites, younger people, those who spoke English as a child, those who sought health information from the Internet or health care professionals, and those who smoked reported lower utilization of preventive health services, and those who had less locus of control reported higher Short-TOFHLA scores. There were no significant differences in mean REALM-D scores between patients who had hypertension or diabetes versus not having the condition. Multivariate models showed that people with higher REALM-D scores had at least some college, were other race/ethnicity or non-Hispanic White, spoke English as a child, and sought health information via the Internet. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study show that dental school patients exhibit a range of health literacy abilities and preventive behaviors, and health literacy measures positively correlated with some preventive behaviors but not others. Dental schools receive a significant number of patients with chronic diseases, and students should be educated to use effective patient communication skills to reinforce positive health behaviors among these patients.
Novel insights into the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Van Arnam John S. , Lim Megan S. , Elenitoba-Johnson Kojo S. J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
T-cell lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies with overlapping clinical, immunologic, and histologic features. Recent advances in our understanding of T-cell differentiation based on gene expression profiling, next-generation sequencing, and transgenic mouse modeling studies have better elucidated the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the diverse biology of T-cell lymphomas. These studies show that although genetic alterations in epigenetic modifiers are implicated in all subtypes of T-cell lymphomas, specific subtypes demonstrate enrichment for particular recurrent alterations targeting specific genes. In this regard, RHOA and TET2 alterations are prevalent in nodal T-cell lymphomas, particularly angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphomas, peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) not otherwise specified, and nodal PTCLs with T-follicular helper phenotype. JAK-STAT signaling pathways are mutationally activated in many extranodal T-cell lymphomas, such as natural killer/T-cell and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphomas. The functional significance of many of these genetic alterations is becoming better understood. Altogether these advances will continue to refine diagnostic criteria, improve prognostication, and identify novel therapeutic targets, resulting in improved outcomes for patient with T-cell lymphomas.
M1 and M2 macrophages differentially regulate hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and ex vivo expansion
Authors: Luo Yi , Shao Lijian , Chang Jianhui , Feng Wei , Liu Y. Lucy , Cottler-Fox Michele H. , Emanuel Peter D. , Hauer-Jensen Martin , Bernstein Irwin D. , Liu Lingbo , Chen Xing , Zhou Jianfeng , Murray Peter J. , Zhou Daohong 
Published: April 2018

Key Points
M2-MΦs promote and M1-MΦs inhibit HSC self-renewal via differential expression of Arg1 and NOS2, respectively. Coculture of hUCB CD34+ cells with M2-MΦs resulted in a significant expansion of CD34+ cells and SCID–mice repopulating cells.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Fulvestrant Plus Everolimus or Placebo in Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor–Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Resistant to Aromatase Inhibitor Therapy: Results of PrE0102
Authors: Kornblum Noah , Zhao Fengmin , Manola Judith , Klein Paula , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari , Brufsky Adam , Stella Phillip J. , Burnette Brian , Telli Melinda , Makower Della F. , Cheema Puneet , Truica Cristina I. , Wolff Antonio C. , Soori Gamini S. , Haley Barbara , Wassenaar Timothy R. , Goldstein Lori J. , Miller Kathy D. , Sparano Joseph A. 
Published: April 2018

Purpose The mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor everolimus targets aberrant signaling through the PI3K/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, a mechanism of resistance to anti-estrogen therapy in estrogen receptor (ER)–positive breast cancer. We hypothesized that everolimus plus the selective ER downregulator fulvestrant would be more efficacious than fulvestrant alone in ER-positive metastatic breast cancer resistant to aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy. Patients and Methods This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase II study included 131 postmenopausal women with ER-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative, AI-resistant metastatic breast cancer randomly assigned to fulvestrant (500 mg days 1 and 15 of cycle 1, then day 1 of cycles 2 and beyond) plus everolimus or placebo. The study was designed to have 90% power to detect a 70% improvement in median progression-free survival from 5.4 months to 9.2 months. Secondary end points included objective response and clinical benefit rate (response or stable disease for at least 24 weeks). Prophylactic corticosteroid mouth rinses were not used. Results The addition of everolimus to fulvestrant improved the median progression-free survival from 5.1 to 10.3 months (hazard ratio, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.40 to 0.92]; stratified log-rank P = .02), indicating that the primary trial end point was met. Objective response rates were similar (18.2% v 12.3%; P = .47), but the clinical benefit rate was significantly higher in the everolimus arm (63.6% v 41.5%; P = .01). Adverse events of all grades occurred more often in the everolimus arm, including oral mucositis (53% v 12%), fatigue (42% v 22%), rash (38% v 5%), anemia (31% v. 6%), diarrhea (23% v 8%), hyperglycemia (19% v 5%), hypertriglyceridemia (17% v 3%), and pneumonitis (17% v 0%), although grade 3 to 4 events were uncommon. Conclusion Everolimus enhances the efficacy of fulvestrant in AI-resistant, ER-positive metastatic breast cancer.
Neurochondrin interacts with the SMN protein suggesting a novel mechanism for spinal muscular atrophy pathology
Authors: Thompson Luke W. , Morrison Kim D. , Shirran Sally L. , Groen Ewout J. N. , Gillingwater Thomas H. , Botting Catherine H. , Sleeman Judith E. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative condition caused by a reduction in the amount of functional survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN has been implicated in transport of mRNA in neural cells for local translation. We previously identified microtubule-dependent mobile vesicles rich in SMN and SNRPB, a member of the Sm family of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP)-associated proteins, in neural cells. By comparing the interactomes of SNRPB and SNRPN, a neural-specific Sm protein, we now show that the essential neural protein neurochondrin (NCDN) interacts with Sm proteins and SMN in the context of mobile vesicles in neurites. NCDN has roles in protein localisation in neural cells and in maintenance of cell polarity. NCDN is required for the correct localisation of SMN, suggesting they may both be required for formation and transport of trafficking vesicles. NCDN may have potential as a therapeutic target for SMA together with, or in place of the targeting of SMN expression.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
A study on the effect of Haruan fish extract (Channa striatus) on wound healing and quality of life of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients: A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Farouk Musa Ahmad , Dillion Jeswant , Mohd Taib Mohamed Ezani , Mohd Yunos Alwi , Baie Saringat , Bin Nordin Rusli 
Published: April 2018

Background: Wound healing remains a primary problem in all surgical cases especially so when the length of incision is very significant as with cardiac bypass patients. The main objective of this study is therefore to assess the effect of Haruan fish extract (Channa striatus) on chest and leg wounds post-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery with the optimum and standard patient care in two groups of randomized patients. Methods: This is a randomized, double blind clinical trial being conducted at the National Heart Institute, Kuala Lumpur. Two randomized groups of similar demographic and co-morbid histories planned for CABG were enrolled into the study. Both groups were blinded to the capsules being given to them pre- and post-operatively. Assessments were also made on wound pain, mobilization and on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). Results: The group that received Haruan capsule showed better would healing objectively. They had better pain scores, though there was no significant difference in terms of mobilization. Overall, the HRQOL in the study group showed improved quality of life. Conclusion: Our study shows the superior effect of using Channa striatus, a local Haruan fish which is easily processed into capsules in promoting wound healing, reducing pain via its anti-nociceptive effect and improving quality of life of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. It is inferred that a faster recovery from surgery confers an advantage in terms of resources to overall economic benefits. Reduction in the percentage of wound infection also resulted in reduced hospital cost. All these factors could lead to the successful commercialization of Haruan as a nutraceutical product. Trial registration: The trial was conducted from January 2012 until August 2014 and the trial number as registered with the National Medical Research Registry is NMRR-17-360-34772 (Registered 13/03/2017).
Dwujęzyczność kognitywna
Authors: Lipińska Ewa 
Published: April 2018

Cognitive bilingualism
The paper makes a clear distinction between cognitive bilingualism and knowledge of two languages. The first term is embedded in the context of education, it can be measured and its development can be followed; the second is understood as mastering, but only partially, of one or both languages. Moreover, the article identifies subjective and objective factors that influence the perception of bilingualism and biculturalism, and emphasizes the ambiguity of the term first language, together with the essence of heritage language. My considerations refer to Polish diaspora, and to situations where one of the languages is Polish and the other (the second/foreign one) is another European language.
Edukacyjna sprawność językowa w ujęciu działaniowym Rady Europy
Authors: Martyniuk Waldemar 
Published: April 2018

Educational language competence in the action-oriented approach of the Council of Europe
Democracy, human rights, rule of law, social cohesion, protection and promotion of cultural heritage, intercultural dialogue, and economic growth – all these areas of activity of intergovernmental organizations such as the European Union or the Council of Europe, depend on education. Which, in turn, relies on language competence defined as the ability to conduct linguistic activities necessary to achieve specific educational goals or tasks. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the key importance of linguistic competence for education, by discussing selected works and projects of the Council of Europe, and by applying an action-oriented approach – on which these works and projects are based – to selected educational programmes in Poland.
Filologiczne wydanie Rozmyślania przemyskiego a czeski Život Krista Pána
Authors: Borowiec Karolina 
Published: April 2018

A philological edition of Rozmyślanie przemyskie and the Czech Život Krista Pána
The goal of the paper is to evaluate the editorial decisions made by the editors of the only transcribed philological edition of Rozmyślanie przemyskie (the so-called Freiburg edition), by confronting it with the text of Život Krista Pána, a Czech apocrypha preserved in several copies the oldest of which dates back to the first half of the 14th century. The basis for the analysis are materially and linguistically similar fragments of both apocrypha. The presented survey not only validates or questions various editorial decisions, but also once again shows that a transcription of an Old Polish text is to a considerable extent its interpretation, and that designing such a transcription is an unusually difficult task which requires a large amount of work and a specific set of skills.
Staropolskie konstrukcje z przyimkami
Authors: Krążyńska Zdzisława 
Published: April 2018

Old Polish constructions with prepositions. A short synthesis
Structures with prepositional expressions constitute a large collection of Old Polish constructions that underwent multiple linguistic processes. As the starting point of my considerations, I assume that prepositions are not functional syntactic units. A syntactic unit, i.e. an element, is a prepositional expression, i.e. a preposition together with the nomen in the appropriate case. Prepositional expressions are an analytical form that is functionally equivalent to an inflectional case, a synthetic form. Structures with cases are considerably lexicalized in Old Polish, and the processes in which they participate are not innovative – while processes in which prepositional expressions take part radically reorganize the area of relations based on categorical spacial meanings. It is mainly the preposition itself that carries the meaning, while other ingredients of the context, especially the nomen linked by the preposition, must harmonize with it. All the other categorical spacial meanings, of which there is more than fifty, are created with the participation of a broader context. Taking this into account, I consider a majority of categorical non-spacial meanings to be transformations of spacial meanings. They can be more or less distinct; the less distinct they are, the greater the probability of a rise of government, i.e. of a formal schema “announced” by the verb.
O wyjątkowym średniowiecznym komentarzu do tłumaczenia modlitw
Authors: Masłej Dorota 
Published: April 2018

On one exceptional mediaeval commentary on translation of prayers
The paper is an analysis of a mediaeval grammatical commentary on translation of prayers into Polish (from the manuscript BJ 1297). The author discusses the various problems that the writer engages in the context of the preserved copies of basic prayers. The paper reveals the unusual linguistic awareness of the writer who uses the grammatical system of Latin, with which he is acquainted, to build a mode of thinking about Polish, and who reflects upon Polish, recognizes its diversification, and sees in it a chance to express the content enclosed in Latin structures. The commentary is simultaneously metatextual and metalinguistic as the writer uses, through the discussed texts, the grammar of contemporary Polish as his subject of reference.
Tekst staropolski jako odmienny obiekt badań? W poszukiwaniu narzędzi opisu
Authors: Mika Tomasz 
Published: April 2018

Old Polish text as a separate subject of study? In the search of descriptive tools
The author provides an answer to the question why Old Polish texts, especially mediaeval ones, constitute a separate subject of study. Primarily, he draws attention to the kinds of problems connected with the reading of those texts (e.g. identification of functional expressions), and with the various manifestations of multilayeredness. How to study such texts? The author suggests that the existing palette of methods be complemented with selected tools developed by modern textology, which so far have only sporadically been employed in the research of the oldest Polish texts. Meanwhile, their use makes possible a precise description and analysis, taking into account the multilayeredness and the traces of the work of many scribes, sometimes so large that they modify the arrengement of intentions and functions of the text. The author uses the example of Rozmyślanie przemyskie and other texts to show the complexity of such problems as the address of the text, its cohesion, continuity, and comprehensiveness – qualities that are only revealed when appropriate assumptions are made and adequate descriptive tools used.
„Malowanie słowem” – o stylu sprawozdań Henryka Sienkiewicza z wystaw malarskich
Authors: Pietrzak Magdalena 
Published: April 2018

“Painting with words” – on the style of Henryk Sienkiewicz’s reports from painting exhibitions
The paper aims to characterize the style of H. Sienkiewicz’s reports from painting exhibitions. The stylistic features have been determined from the genological perspective, with the assumption that the report is an alternative template for the review. The main stylistic features of the analysed texts are: 1. suggestiveness, graphical character, and persuasiveness, as features resulting from how the intention of the text was realized; 2. weakened adherance to templates, owing to the possibility of realization of various structural variants; and 3. eclectic nature, related to the richness of stylistic registers, including a sizeable repertory of means belonging to the artistic style, thematic vocabulary, and vocabulary directly linked to the subject of painting. Specialist vocabulary, concepts and terms characteristic of the art of painting, constitute a specific group.