bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of genetic constraints and social environment in explaining female extra-pair mating
Authors: Wang Daiping , Forstmeier Wolfgang , Martin Katrin , Wilson Alastair , Kempenaers Bart 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhy females of socially monogamous species copulate with males other than their partner has been a long-standing, unresolved puzzle. We previously reported that female promiscuity appears to be a genetic corollary of male promiscuity (intersexual pleiotropy hypothesis). Here we put this earlier finding to a critical test using the same population of zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata. After three generations of artificial selection on male courtship rate, a correlate of extra-pair mating, we assess whether female promiscuity changed by indirect selection and we re-examine the crucial genetic correlations. Our new analyses with substantially increased statistical power clearly reject the hypothesis that male and female promiscuity are genetically homologous traits. Our study highlights that individual females show low repeatability in extra-pair mating behavior across different social environments. This emphasizes the potential importance of pair bond strength and the availability of favored extra-pair males as factors explaining variation in patterns of female promiscuity.
HIV-malaria co-infection and its determinants among patients attending antiretroviral treatment clinic in Zaria, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Gumel Shafi’u Dahiru , Ibrahim Abdulrasul , Olayinka Adebola Tolulope , Ibrahim Muhammed S. , Balogun Muhammad Shakir , Dahiru Afara , Ajayi Ikeoluwapo , Ajumobi Olufemi , Ahmadu Isiyaku , Song Abubakar , Maifada Asma’u Ibrahim , Abdullahi Habibu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionMalaria and HIV are two important global public health problems. Together, they cause more than two million deaths each year. In sub-Saharan Africa alone, more than 29 million people are living with HIV/AIDS and about 70% of population is at risk to malaria infection. Nigeria accounts for about a quarter of the global malaria cases and tenth of the global HIV cases. Recent theories suggested possibilities of high occurrence of HIV-malaria co-infection wherever there is geographical overlap of the two diseases. We therefore conducted this study to determine the prevalence of HIV-malaria co-infection and its determinants in a malaria endemic setting.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study. Two hundred and sixty-two clients attending antiretroviral treatment (ART) clinic in Zaria, Kaduna State were enrolled between February and April 2018 using systematic sampling technique. Questionnaires were administered to collect information on respondents’ personal characteristics as well as their knowledge, perception and practices on malaria prevention. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for malaria parasite, viral load, CD4, and FBC using Giemsa stained light microscopy, COBAS TaqMan equipment, BD FACS™ flow cytometer, and Sysmex haematology analyser respectively. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed, predictors of HIV-malaria co-infection were ascertained at multivariate analysis.ResultsMedian age of the respondents was 33 years, 52% were females, 65% were married, 65% were employed, 57% lived in urban residence, and 34% had tertiary education. The prevalence of malaria co-infection among HIV patients was found to be 22.9%. Significant risk factors for the co-infection were high HIV viral load (aOR= 3.30, C.I = 1.15-9.45), being co-infected with TB (aOR= 5.60, C.I = 1.34-23.33), poor knowledge of malaria infection (aOR= 3.12, C.I = 1.27-7.72) and poor practice of malaria prevention (aOR= 13.30, C.I = 4.88-36.23).ConclusionThe level of occurrence of malaria among HIV infected patients in this setting calls for attention. We recommended that health education on malaria should be a priority in malaria control programme; the programmes for control of HIV, malaria and TB should collaborate to ensure integrated service delivery and that people living with HIV/AIDS should be given special consideration for malaria prevention.
Polymorphisms in the vitamin D system and mortality - The Tromsø study
Authors: Jorde Rolf , Wilsgaard Tom , Grimnes Guri 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and objectiveVitamin D deficiency is associated with diabetes, cancer, immunological and cardiovascular diseases as well as increased mortality. It has, however, been difficult to show a causal relation in randomized, controlled trials. Mendelian randomization studies provide another option for testing causality, and results indicate relations between the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level and some diseases, including mortality. We have from the Tromsø Study in 2012 published non-significant relations been vitamin D related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and mortality, but have since then genotyped additional subjects, the observation time is longer and new SNPs have been included.MethodsGenotyping was performed for SNPs in theNADSYN1,CYP2R1,VDR, CUBILINandMEGALINgenes in 11 897 subjects who participated in the fourth survey of the Tromsø Study in 1994-1995. Serum 25(OH)D levels were measured in 6733 of these subjects. A genotype score based on SNPs in theNADSYN1andCYP2R1genes (related to the serum 25(OH)D level) and serum 25(OH)D percentile groups were created. Mortality data was updated till end of March 2017 and survival analysed with Cox regression adjusted for sex and age.ResultsDuring the observation period 5491 subjects died. The genotype score and the serum 25(OH)D percentile groups were (without Bonferroni correction) significantly related to mortality in favour of high serum 25(OH)D. None of the SNPs in theVDRorMEGALINgenes were related to mortality. However, for the rs12766939 in theCUBILINgene with the major homozygote as reference, the hazard ratio for mortality for the minor homozygote genotype was 1.17 (1.06 – 1.29), P < 0.002. This should be viewed with caution, as rs12766939 was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.ConclusionOur study confirms a probable causal but weak relation between serum 25(OH)D level and mortality. The relation between rs12766939 and mortality needs confirmation in more homogenous cohorts.
An high dose of a conjugated linoleic acid increases fatty liver and insulin resistance in lactating mice
Authors: Pang Kun , Zhu Song bo , Han Liqiang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of a high dose of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on lactating mice. In experiment one, KUNMING mice were separated into four groups (n = 6 per group); the control (CON) group received 3.0% linoleic acid oil (LA), the L-CLA group received 1.0% LA and 2.0% CLA mixture, the M-CLA group received 2.0% LA and 1.0% CLA mixture, and the H-CLA group received 3.0% CLA mixture. Feeding proceeded from day 4 to day 10 during lactation. In experiment two, the CON group received 2.0% LA and the H-CLA group received 2.0% CLA. Blood parameters were analysed for all groups, and insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) were conducted. CLA treatment did not affect the dam weight, but it significantly decreased the food intake of dams. Furthermore, CLA decreased the weight of pups, which was attributed to lower milk fat. H-CLA group mice displayed increased liver weight and liver triglyceride content, as well as a higher TG content and γ-GT activity in blood. Moreover, a high dose of CLA resulted in insulin resistance, possibly affecting the RBC and HCB of blood. In conclusion, lactating mice receiving a high dose of CLA led to fatty liver, insulin resistance, and impaired lactation performance.
Estimation of equivalent permeability tensor for fractured porous rock masses using a coupled RPIM-FEM method
Authors: Zhang Wei , Cong Peitong , Bian Kang , Yuan Wei-Hai , Jia Xichun 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
Understanding the fluid flow through rock masses, which commonly consist of rock matrix and fractures, is a fundamental issue in many application areas of rock engineering. As the equivalent porous medium approach is the dominant approach for engineering applications, it is of great significance to estimate the equivalent permeability tensor of rock masses. This study aims to develop a novel numerical approach to estimate the equivalent permeability tensor for fractured porous rock masses.

Design/methodology/approach
The radial point interpolation method (RPIM) and finite element method (FEM) are coupled to simulate the seepage flow in fractured porous rock masses. The rock matrix is modeled by the RPIM, and the fractures are modeled explicitly by the FEM. A procedure for numerical experiments is then designed to determinate the equivalent permeability tensor directly on the basis of Darcy’s law.

Findings
The coupled RPIM-FEM method is a reliable numerical method to analyze the seepage flow in fractured porous rock masses, which can consider simultaneously the influences of fractures and rock matrix. As the meshes of rock matrix and fracture network are generated separately without considering the topology relationship between them, the mesh generation process can be greatly facilitated. Using the proposed procedure for numerical experiments, which is designed directly on the basis of Darcy’s law, the representative elementary volume and equivalent permeability tensor of fractured porous rock masses can be identified conveniently.

Originality/value
A novel numerical approach to estimate the equivalent permeability tensor for fractured porous rock masses is proposed. In the approach, the RPIM and FEM are coupled to simulate the seepage flow in fractured porous rock masses, and then a numerical experiment procedure directly based on Darcy’s law is introduced to estimate the equivalent permeability tensor.
The multi-objective optimization of a non-pneumatic wheel based on its life prediction
Authors: Xiao Zhen , Zhao Youqun , Lin Fen , Zhu Mingmin , Deng Yaoji , Zang Liguo 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
A novel non-pneumatic safety tire, namely mechanical elastic wheel (ME-Wheel), has been developed recently to solve problems, including tire bursting and flat tire, of typical pneumatic tires. This paper aims to predict the life of the ME-Wheel accurately and settle the problem of lower lifespan.

Design/methodology/approach
This study proposes a new method to establish a novel model of virtual proving ground based on finite element analysis, and by combining with the random vibration damage analysis method, the life of an ME-Wheel is predicted precisely. Next, the weak parts and infinite life parts of the ME-Wheel are investigated from the perspective of constant life design, and an approximate response surface model is developed, which is suitable for the ME-Wheel. Then, the optimal results of the ME-Wheel are obtained, including tire modal, mass and its lifetime.

Findings
It is found that the proposed methods can provide a reliable theoretical basis for further improving the structural design and material selection of ME-Wheel parts. The results show that the improved ME-Wheel can reduce the weight and greatly improve the ability of anti-resonance, and the lifetime of ME-Wheel has significantly improved.

Originality/value
A new type of non-pneumatic tire (ME-Wheel) has been developed to avoid problems with traditional tires, such as tire leaking or puncture. A new method to establish a novel model of virtual proving ground based on finite element analysis has been proposed. The weakest key component of the ME-Wheel is determined. The life, mass and modal of the ME-Wheel are optimized.
A lower confidence bounding approach based on the coefficient of variation for expensive global design optimization
Authors: Cheng Ji , Jiang Ping , Zhou Qi , Hu Jiexiang , Yu Tao , Shu Leshi , Shao Xinyu 
Published: March 2019

PurposeEngineering design optimization involving computational simulations is usually a time-consuming, even computationally prohibitive process. To relieve the computational burden, the adaptive metamodel-based design optimization (AMBDO) approaches have been widely used. This paper aims to develop an AMBDO approach, a lower confidence bounding approach based on the coefficient of variation (CV-LCB) approach, to balance the exploration and exploitation objectively for obtaining a global optimum under limited computational budget.Design/methodology/approachIn the proposed CV-LCB approach, the coefficient of variation (CV) of predicted values is introduced to indicate the degree of dispersion of objective function values, while the CV of predicting errors is introduced to represent the accuracy of the established metamodel. Then, a weighted formula, which takes the degree of dispersion and the prediction accuracy into consideration, is defined based on the already-acquired CV information to adaptively update the metamodel during the optimization process.FindingsTen numerical examples with different degrees of complexity and an AIAA aerodynamic design optimization problem are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed CV-LCB approach. The comparisons between the proposed approach and four existing approaches regarding the computational efficiency and robustness are made. Results illustrate the merits of the proposed CV-LCB approach in computational efficiency and robustness.Practical implicationsThe proposed approach exhibits high efficiency and robustness in engineering design optimization involving computational simulations.Originality/valueCV-LCB approach can balance the exploration and exploitation objectively.
Role of HR interventions in enhancing employee creativity and organizational innovation: an empirical study
Authors: Chaubey Akriti , Sahoo Chandan Kumar 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of HR interventions (rewards and incentives, training, organisational learning) on employee creativity to enhance organisational innovation in connection to the Indian automobile industries.Design/methodology/approachThe study examined 258 valid responses of middle-level and top-level executives working in four wheeler automobile manufacturing units, and research and development units constituted in Southern India. The hypothesised model’s validity was tested through structural equation modelling (SEM). The confirmatory factor analysis established the reliability and validity of the dimensions and the related hypotheses were tested by using SEM.FindingsThe findings illustrate that HR interventions have an impact on employee creativity which helps in enhancing organisational innovation.Originality/valueThe research is unique in its attempt to measure the creativity of an individual for organisational innovation by combining the existing scales of employee creativity. The paper contributes to the HR literature by incorporating HR interventions and employee creativity into a research model that enhances organisational innovation.
An examination of undergraduates’ perceptions on faculty members’ and institutional support and its effects on their appreciation of scientific skills and research endeavors
Authors: Magaña Medina Deneb Elí , Aguilar Morales Norma , Valdés Cuervo Ángel Alberto , Parra-Pérez Lizeth G. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship among undergraduate students’ perception of faculty members’ and institutional support, undergraduate students’ appreciation of scientific skills and undergraduate students’ research endeavors.Design/methodology/approachA structural model was calculated to relate the variables. The sample included 1,882 undergraduate students from a State University located in the Southeast of Mexico. Undergraduate students came from different fields, and all of them that had taken at least 60 percent of their curricular credits.FindingsThe structural model suggests that faculty members’ and institutional support are positively related to undergraduate students’ appreciation of scientific skills and undergraduate students’ research endeavors. The findings suggest faculty members’ and institutional support are key factors to develop scientific research in undergraduate students. Therefore, the researchers argue that science programs taught in Mexican colleges and universities must endorse supportive practices among faculty members and institutions.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional design does not allow to set clear causal relationships among the explored variables. In addition, the sample included only one public university. Thus, further empirical research with research participants from different universities across the country is suggested. These improvements may enhance the strength of the proposed theoretical model.Practical implicationsCurrently, there are a plethora of studies looking at students’ attitudes toward science. Those studies have also discussed the conditions and contexts that influence research practice among undergraduate students. Nonetheless, there are no studies known by the authors that include the set of variables and relationships considered in the present study.Originality/valueDespite the plethora of studies looking at several conditions and contexts influencing undergraduate students’ attitudes toward science, no studies known by the authors have included the set of variables and relationships considered in the present study.
Contemporary issues of form and substance: an Islamic law perspective
Authors: Hamour Mohamed , Shakil Mohammad Hassan , Akinlaso Ishaq Mustapha , Tasnia Mashiyat 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the concept of form over substance and introduces the term substance gap to the literature. The substance gap is defined as the difference between the way a concept is expressed and its intended result. Besides, the study investigates the issue from both classical and contemporary viewpoints.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology adopted in this paper is descriptive research.

Findings
This paper has depicted the substance gap in contemporary contracts and found that form is equally important as substance in Islamic finance contracts. This paper offers a fresh outlook on form and substance to highlight the importance of the issue and its significance. The findings of the study will help researchers address the issue at its roots and help them to bridge the gap between the form and substance of Islamic finance contracts.

Originality/value
This paper investigates the substance gap in contemporary contracts that exists between the fiqh rules and conditions of an Islamic contract, and their development and construction. Further, the gap could also be attributed to the pressure to cope with a complicated modern finance environment.
Strategy and business models: why winning companies need both
Authors: Braun Michael , Latham Scott , Cannatelli Benedetto 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to highlight the importance of addressing both competitive strategy and business model for the long-term success of a company. The paper builds a prescriptive framework to help managers assess their companies’ positions based on the extent to which they attend to their strategies and business models simultaneously. In doing so, the paper offers four possible outcomes – idling, faceoff, breakdown and traction – providing examples to capture each scenario and managerial prescription.

Design/methodology/approach
The framework of this study is based on academic research in strategy and business model design, the authors’ scholarly work on innovation and their combined experiences and observations in the industry. The framework uses examples of well-known companies to make the case for why managers need to pay heed to both business models and strategies simultaneously to achieve long-term competitive profitability.

Findings
This study’s framework suggests that the delicate balance between strategy and business model design determines the long-term competitive advantage and profitability of a company. Focusing on strategy without paying heed to the business model can cause companies to lose sight of changing customer behaviors. Alternatively, managerial attention to business models at the exclusion of its strategy leaves the company vulnerable to competition. The framework points at the delicate strategy–business model balance required to manage winning companies.

Originality/value
Business models and strategies represent two separate yet inextricably linked domains under the purview of management. However, companies can be weakened because of an overemphasis on one at the expense of the other. This paper’s framework offers a simple yet effective guide to assist managers in assessing their organizations’ current positions while also providing direction toward addressing any shortcomings.
Daring to tap external strategic resources: competitive advantage in global industries
Authors: Orr Stuart 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
In addition to their internal resources, companies in most industries rely upon external strategic resources to maintain and improve their performance. External strategic resources have a similar effect on competitiveness but are located in the company’s networks or even in unrelated industries. Some companies underuse these resources, while other companies focus too strongly on accessing external resources in their own industry, which results in hyper-competition. This paper aims to explain how different industries use external resources and describes the criteria for a balanced approach which leads to knowledge transfer, diversity and supports the development of new business.

Design/methodology/approach
Examples and evidence from four different industries are used to identify the different approaches for accessing external strategic resources.

Findings
Valuable external strategic resources are non-transferable, located in a complementary product organisation, knowledge-oriented, located in a different country, preferably not part of the organisation’s primary external focus (e.g. supply chain), able to introduce diversity and innovation and are compatible with network behaviours.

Practical implications
External strategic resources are frequently found within the organisation’s supply chain, however, use of these resources should be balanced by external resources from non-related industries to increase diversity and reduce the likelihood of hyper-competition.

Originality/value
This paper explains why external strategic resources are valuable, identifies the different approaches to accessing them, describes the benefits and drawbacks associated with each approach and provides the key criteria for identifying a valuable external strategic resource.