bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of ventral telencephalon transcription factors ASCL1 and DLX2 in the early fetal human cerebral cortex
Authors: Alzu'bi Ayman , Clowry Gavin J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn rodent ventral telencephalon, diffusible morphogens induce expression of the proneural transcription factor ASCL1, which in turn induces expression of the transcription factor DLX2 that controls differentiation of cortical interneuron precursors and their tangential migration to the cerebral cortex. RNAseq analysis of human fetal samples of dorsal telencephalon revealed consistently high cortical expression of ASCL1 and increasing expression of DLX2 between 7.5 and 17 post‐conceptional weeks (PCW). We explored whether cortical expression of these genes represented a population of intracortically derived interneuron precursors. Immunohistochemistry revealed an ASCL1+/DLX2+ population of progenitor cells in the human ganglionic eminences between 6.5 and 12 PCW, but in the cortex there also existed a population of ASCL1+/DLX2– progenitors in the subventricular zone (SVZ) that largely co‐expressed cortical markers PAX6 or TBR2, although a few ASCL1+/PAX6– progenitors were observed in the ventricular zone (VZ) and ASCL1+ cells expressing the interneuron marker GAD67 were present in the SVZ. Although rare in the VZ, DLX2+ cells progressively increased in number between 8 and 12 PCW across the cortical wall and the majority co‐expressed LHX6 and originated either in the MGE, migrating to the lateral cortex, or from the septum, populating the medial wall. A minority co‐expressed COUP‐TFII, which identifies cells from the caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE). By 19 PCW, a significant increase in expression of DLX2 and ASCL1 was observed in the cortical VZ with a small proportion expressing both proteins. The DLX2+ cells did not co‐express a cell division marker, so were not progenitors. The majority of DLX2+ cells throughout the cortical plate expressed COUP‐TFII rather than LHX6+. As the VZ declined as a proliferative zone it appeared to be re‐defined as a migration pathway for COUP‐TFII+/DLX2+ interneurons from CGE to cortex. Therefore, in developing human cortex, ASCL1 expression predominantly marks a population of intermediate progenitors giving rise to glutamatergic neurons. DLX2 expression predominantly defines post‐mitotic interneuron precursors.
Heat‐damaged evaluation of virgin hair
Authors: Lima Cibele Rosana Ribeiro de Castro , Couto Ricardo Alexandre Alves de , Freire Thamires Batello , Goshiyama Alessandra Mari , Baby André Rolim , Velasco Maria Valéria Robles , Constantino Vera Regina Leopoldo , Matos Jivaldo do Rosário 
Published: March 2019

SummaryBackgroundHair‐straightening treatments may involve the use of thermal devices, which potentially cause damages in the cuticle and cortex of the hair fibers. Particularly, the heat causes denaturation of the α‐keratin and the degradation of the components of the hair cortex.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of heating on the cuticle and cortex of the Caucasian and Asian virgin hair by using heat iron flat.MethodsThe effects of the heating in the tresses of Caucasian and Asian virgin hair were analyzed by thermogravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry‐Fourier transform infrared/mass spectrometry (TG/DSC‐MS/FTIR), protein loss analysis (PLA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR‐ATR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM).ResultsTG/DSC‐MS/FTIR results were: formation of the H2O between 25‐170°C and CO2, SCO and H2S from 200°C. Denaturation temperature = 237°C. Protein loss: Asian hair>Caucasian hair. Data presented statistically significant alterations, α = 5, P ≤ 0.05, n = 3. FTIR‐ATR: changes in the secondary structural conformation of the protein of hair cuticle. SEM: heat caused damage to hair cuticle.ConclusionsThe results evidenced the importance of the control of temperature in the procedures involving heat. The damage caused by thermal devices showed be dependent of the ethnicity analyzed (Caucasian and Asian hair).
Long‐term evaluation of pemphigus vulgaris: A retrospective consideration of 98 patients treated in an oral medicine unit in north‐west Italy
Authors: Arduino Paolo G. , Broccoletti Roberto , Carbone Mario , Gambino Alessio , Sciannameo Veronica , Conrotto Davide , Cabras Marco , Sciascia Savino , Ricceri Fulvio , Baldovino Simone , Carrozzo Marco 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundDespite the frequency of oral involvement, there are unexpectedly few studies of either on the oral manifestations of pemphigus or their long‐term management, and diagnostic delay in Dentistry is frequent.MethodsWe have examined outcome of patients presenting with predominantly oral pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Ninety‐eight subjects were followed up for 85.12 months and treated with systemic steroids: 48 of them received adjunctive therapy with azathioprine, 16 with rituximab, 13 with mycophenolate mofetil, three with immunoglobulin and one with dapsone.ResultsClinical remission was achieved in 80 patients (84.21%); 39 of them were off therapy and 41 on therapy. Fifteen patients were not in remission, having been under systemic therapy for 72.16 months. Sixty‐nine patients developed detectable adverse effects. Two fatal outcomes were recorded. Each additional year of steroid therapy ensured 47% chance of developing 1 or 2 side effects, and 64% chance of developing more than 3 (ORs 1.47, CI 1.162‐1.903; ORs 1.64, CI 1.107‐2.130, respectively).ConclusionIn one of the largest available cohort with the longest follow‐up ever reported, we observed that the management remains need‐based and patient‐specific, still relying on systemic corticosteroids.
Origin of the metamorphosed clasts in the CV3 carbonaceous chondrite breccias of Graves Nunataks 06101, Vigarano, Roberts Massif 04143, and Yamato‐86009
Authors: Jogo Kaori , Ito Motoo , Wakita Shigeru , Kobayashi Sachio , Lee Jong Ik 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe observed metamorphosed clasts in the CV3 chondrite breccias Graves Nunataks 06101, Vigarano, Roberts Massif 04143, and Yamato‐86009. These clasts are coarse‐grained polymineralic rocks composed of Ca‐bearing ferroan olivine (Fa24–40, up to 0.6 wt% CaO), diopside (Fs7–12Wo44–50), plagioclase (An52–75), Cr‐spinel (Cr/[Cr + Al] = 0.4, Fe/[Fe + Mg] = 0.7), sulfide and rare grains of Fe‐Ni metal, phosphate, and Ca‐poor pyroxene (Fs24Wo4). Most clasts have triple junctions between silicate grains. The rare earth element (REE) abundances are high in diopside (REE ~3.80–13.83 × CI) and plagioclase (Eu ~12.31–14.67 × CI) but are low in olivine (REE ~0.01–1.44 × CI) and spinel (REE ~0.25–0.49 × CI). These REE abundances are different from those of metamorphosed chondrites, primitive achondrites, and achondrites, suggesting that the clasts are not fragments of these meteorites. Similar mineralogical characteristics of the clasts with those in the Mokoia and Yamato‐86009 breccias (Jogo et al. ) suggest that the clasts observed in this study would also form inside the CV3 chondrite parent body. Thermal modeling suggests that in order to reach the metamorphosed temperatures of the clasts of >800 °C, the clast parent body should have accreted by ~2.5–2.6 Ma after CAIs formation. The consistency of the accretion age of the clast parent body and the CV3 chondrule formation age suggests that the clasts and CV3 chondrites could be originated from the same parent body with a peak temperature of 800–1100 °C. If the body has a peak temperature of >1100 °C, the accretion age of the body becomes older than the CV3 chondrule formation age and multiple CV3 parent bodies are likely.
Robert R. Blake, With Recognition of Jane S. Mouton
Authors: Cai Deborah A. , Fink Edward L. , Walker Cameron B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article reviews the life and contribution of Dr. Robert R. Blake, who received the Lifetime Achievement Award in 1994 from the International Association for Conflict Management for his pioneering work and prolific career in the field of conflict management. As a longtime co‐author and collaborator, Dr. Jane S. Mouton certainly would have been joint recipient of this award if it were not for her death in 1987: The vast majority of their research was published together. Jane Mouton and Robert Blake became famous for their promotion of the Managerial Leadership Grid and through their work as consultants to a variety of professions and organizations. But there is much more to Robert Blake's career and contributions than the Grid. Together, Blake and Mouton were tremendously influential in their work on managerial leadership and organizational development.
Effects of host phylogeny, habitat and spatial proximity on host specificity and diversity of pathogenic and mycorrhizal fungi in a subtropical forest
Authors: Wang Zihui , Jiang Yuan , Deane David C. , He Fangliang , Shu Wensheng , Liu Yu 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Soil plant‐pathogenic (PF) and mycorrhizal fungi (MF) are both important in maintaining plant diversity, for example via host‐specialized effects. However, empirical knowledge on the degree of host specificity and possible factors affecting the fungal assemblages is lacking.

We identified PF and MF in fine roots of 519 individuals across 45 subtropical tree species in southern China in order to quantify the importance of host phylogeny (including via its effects on functional traits), habitat and space in determining fungal communities. We also compared host specificity in PF and MF at different host‐phylogenetic scales.

In both PF and MF, host phylogeny independently accounted for > 19% of the variation in fungal richness and composition, whereas environmental and spatial factors each explained no more than 4% of the variation. Over 77% of the variation explained by phylogeny was attributable to covariation in plant functional traits. Host specificity was phylogenetically scale‐dependent, being stronger in PF than in MF at low host‐phylogenetic scales (e.g. within genus) but similar at larger scales.

Our study suggests that host‐phylogenetic effects dominate the assembly of both PF and MF communities, resulting from phylogenetically clustered plant traits. The scale‐dependent host specificity implies that PF were specialized at lower‐level and MF at higher‐level host taxa.
Herpetic whitlow of the toe presenting with severe viral cellulitis
Authors: Collier Erin , Parikh Priya , Martin‐Blais Rachel , Chen Jason , Anand Vikram 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHerpetic whitlow of the toe is a common infection in an uncommon location, leading it to be frequently misdiagnosed; however, as the virus responds well to conservative management or antivirals alone, proper identification is necessary to prevent unnecessary interventions. We present a case of herpetic whitlow of the toe with an unusually ominous appearance in a previously healthy and otherwise well‐appearing child. This case illustrates the spectrum of herpetic whitlow's clinical presentations and enourages consideration of the disease even for atypical location and severity.
Buzzing away the pain: Using an electric toothbrush for vibration anesthesia during painful procedures
Authors: Duplisea Michael J. , Flores Kyle 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany dermatologic procedures are painful and traumatic, for both pediatric patients and providers alike. Vibration anesthesia has recently been discussed as an effective method for reducing pain associated with injections, but some vibration machines can be cost prohibitive for providers. We describe how to employ an electric toothbrush as an inexpensive and effective option to provide vibration anesthesia during painful pediatric procedures.
Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor on the chest of a 5‐year‐old child and review of the literature
Authors: Valiga Alexander , Neidig Lane , Cusack Carrie Ann , Gaddis Kevin , Jen Melinda , Rubin Adam , Moon Amanda T. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPlexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor (PFT) is a rare neoplasm of mesenchymal origin that can be identified by its propensity for children and adolescents combined with a characteristic histologic arrangement of histiocytes and osteoclast‐like giant cells whorled within tumor islands. A 5‐year‐old female presented with a raised, intermittently tender, and slowly enlarging tumor on her chest, which was histologically confirmed to be a PFT. We present this case along with a comprehensive review of PFT cases reported in the literature to describe the demographic, histologic, and rarely metastatic behavior of this entity. It is important to include PFT on the differential diagnosis of an enlarging tumor in the pediatric population.
“Regoaling”: A useful tool for improved patient/parent communication in pediatric dermatology
Authors: Waldman Reid A. , Waldman Steven D. , Grant‐Kels Jane M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract“Regoaling” is a term for the process by which patients and their families develop new care and life‐related goals in response to changes in an individual's medical condition. While this term draws its roots from the pediatric critical and palliative care literature where it has been developed to provide a path to assist families in transitioning their child's care goals, regoaling has the potential to be a very important communication tool for pediatric dermatologists who are the primary managers of chronic, unrelenting skin diseases in children. Herein, we introduce the concept of regoaling to pediatric dermatology and provide practical advice on how and when to assist patients and their families with regoaling.
Lymphoplasmacytic plaque in children: Case report and literature review
Authors: Harkemanne Evelyne , Dargent Jean‐Louis , Roquet‐Gravy Pierre‐Paul , Bulinckx Audrey 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe report a case of benign lymphoplasmacytic plaque (LPP) in a child. These asymptomatic erythematous papulonodular lesions are an emerging clinicopathological entity. Herein, we describe a previously unreported site for LPP lesions, namely, the volar wrist and the distal ipsilateral palm.
Effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate on life‐history traits and body protein and fat contents of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens
Authors: Barragan‐Fonseca Karol B. , Gort Gerrit , Dicke Marcel , van Loon Joop J. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe investigate how the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) responds to dietary protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) contents and the P:C ratio in terms of both immature and adult life‐history traits, as well as effects on larval body composition. Nine chicken‐feed based diets varying in their P:C ratio are formulated. We test three protein concentrations (10%, 17% and 24%) and three carbohydrate concentrations (35%, 45% and 55%) and their combinations. All nine diets support the complete development and reproduction of this species. Survival is high on all diets. Development time, larval yield, larval crude fat and egg yield are more influenced by P and C contents than by the P:C ratio. Low contents result in a shorter development time. Larval yield is higher on diets with higher C‐contents. Pupal development is faster on a low dietary P‐content for all three C‐contents. Egg yield only increases when P‐content increases, although it also varies with the P:C ratio. Larval crude protein content is similar on all nine diets but increases when C‐content is low (10%) in P10 and P17. Larval crude fat content is high at P24‐diets irrespective of C‐content. We conclude that a high macronutrient content combined with a low P:C ratio positively affects H. illucens performance. The diet P17:C55 supports the highest larval and adult performance and results in a high larval body protein content and an intermediate crude fat content.
On Certainty: Wittgenstein and Einstein
Authors: Mion Giovanni 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe paper focuses on the role of relativistic ideas in Wittgenstein's philosophy. In particular, it focuses onOn Certainty(1969), where in (305), Wittgenstein explicitly invokes Einstein's theory of relativity: “Hereonce morethere is needed a step like the one taken in relativity theory.” The aim of the paper is to establish a connection between Wittgenstein and Einstein that is both theoretically and exegetically sound. In particular, the paper argues that Wittgenstein's reaction to scepticism closely resembles Einstein's reaction to the ether.
Topographical controls on small‐volume pyroclastic flows
Authors: Martí Joan , Doronzo Domenico M. , Pedrazzi Dario , Colombo Ferran 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEmplacement of small‐volume (<0·1 km3) pyroclastic flows is significantly influenced by topography. The Arico ignimbrite on Tenerife (Canary Islands) is a characteristic small‐volume pyroclastic flow deposit emplaced on high relief topography. The pyroclastic flow flowed down pre‐existing valleys on the southern slopes of the island. In proximal areas deep (up to 100 m) valleys acted as efficient conduits for the pyroclastic flow, which was mostly channelled; in this particular area the ignimbrite corresponds to a homogeneous, moderately welded deposit, consisting of flattened pumices in an abundant ashy matrix with a relatively low lithic fragment content. In intermediate zones significant changes occur in the steepness of the slope and, although still channelled, here the pyroclastic flow was influenced by hydraulic jumps. In this area, two different units can be clearly distinguished in the ignimbrite: the lower unit is composed of a lithic‐rich ground‐layer deposit that formed at the turbulent, highly concentrated head of the flow; the upper unit consists of a well welded pumice‐rich deposit that occasionally reveals a basal layer formed by shearing with the lower part. This division into two units is maintained as far as distal areas near the present‐day coastline, where the slope is very gentle or null and the ignimbrite is not channelled. The ground layer is not found in distal areas. The ignimbrite here only consists of the upper unit, which is occasionally repeated due to a surging process provoked by the lower flow speed, as the pyroclastic flow spread out of the channelled zone. A theoretical model on how topography controlled the deposition of the Arico ignimbrite is derived by interpreting the observed lithological and sedimentological variations in terms of changes in topography and bedrock morphology. This new model is of general applicability and will help to explain other deposits of similar characteristics.
Analyzing the Simonshaven Case Using Bayesian Networks
Authors: Fenton Norman , Neil Martin , Yet Barbaros , Lagnado David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper is one in a series of analyses of the Dutch Simonshaven murder case, each using a different modeling approach. We adopted a Bayesian network (BN)–based approach which requires us to determine the relevant hypotheses and evidence in the case and their relationships (captured as a directed acyclic graph) along with explicit prior conditional probabilities. This means that both the graph structure and probabilities had to be defined using subjective judgments about the causal, and other, connections between variables and the strength and nature of the evidence. Determining if a usefulBNcould be quickly constructed by a small group using the previously established idioms‐based approach which provides a generic method for translating legal cases intoBNs, was a key aim. The model described was built by the authors during a workshop dedicated to the case at the Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, in September 2016. The total effort involved was approximately 26 h (i.e., an average of 6 h per author). With the basic assumptions described in the paper, the posterior probability of guilt once all the evidence is entered is 74%. The paper describes a formal evaluation of the model, using sensitivity analysis, to determine how robust the model conclusions are to key subjective prior probabilities over a full range of what may be deemed “reasonable” from both defense and prosecution perspectives. The results show that the model is reasonably robust—pointing not only generally to a reasonably high posterior probability of guilt but also generally below the 95% threshold expected in criminal law. Given the constraints on building a complex model so quickly, there are inevitably weaknesses; hence, the paper describes these and how they might be addressed, including how to take account of supplementary case information not known at the time of the workshop.
Electronic remote blood issue supports efficient and timely supply of blood and cost reduction: evidence from five hospitals at different stages of implementation
Authors: Staples Sophie , Staves Julie , Davies Jennifer , Polley Nicola , Boyd Joan S. , Lukas Mike , Popovsky Mark A. , Frank Steven M. , Ness Paul M. , Murphy Michael F. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDThis multicenter international study evaluated electronic remote blood issue (ERBI) for blood unit collection in hospitals.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRetrospective data were collected from the ERBI software databases and blood bank information systems. Prospective “time‐and‐motion” data collection methods simulated the delivery of red blood cell units to determine the staff time for each step.RESULTSThe main benefit of ERBI was found in two hospitals where the blood unit was issued and collected at refrigerators remote from the blood bank (closer to the clinical area) compared with the standard process of blood bank issue (BBI) and blood unit collection in the blood bank. There was a reduction in the time for blood to reach patients (2.02 min compared to 8.43 min at one site [p ≤ 0.0001], 1.57 min compared to 6.54 min at the other [p ≤ 0.0001]). However, there was no reduction in time where ERBI was conducted in the blood bank or where a blood unit issued by the standard BBI was collected at remote refrigerators. In the three hospitals where ERBI was conducted at remote refrigerators, there was an improved issue:transfusion ratio (range of 1.02‐1.09 for ERBI compared to 1.48‐1.58 for BBI) and a reduction in staff time and costs of between $5,000 and $10,000/year.CONCLUSIONThis multicenter international study builds on findings from studies in single hospitals that ERBI at remote refrigerators improves the efficiency of transfusion by reducing the time taken for blood units to reach patients, staff time, and costs.