bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trial to evaluate the effect of the sodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (DAPA‐HF)
Authors: McMurray John J.V. , DeMets David L. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Køber Lars , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Langkilde Anna M. , Martinez Felipe A. , Bengtsson Olof , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Solomon Scott D. ,   on behalf of the DAPA‐HF Committees and Investigators
Published: March 2019

BackgroundSodium–glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been shown to reduce the risk of incident heart failure hospitalization in individuals with type 2 diabetes who have, or are at high risk of, cardiovascular disease. Most patients in these trials did not have heart failure at baseline and the effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on outcomes in individuals with established heart failure (with or without diabetes) is unknown.Design and methodsThe Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse‐outcomes in Heart Failure trial (DAPA‐HF) is an international, multicentre, parallel group, randomized, double‐blind, study in patients with chronic heart failure, evaluating the effect of dapagliflozin 10 mg, compared with placebo, given once daily, in addition to standard care, on the primary composite outcome of a worsening heart failure event (hospitalization or equivalent event, i.e. an urgent heart failure visit) or cardiovascular death. Patients with and without diabetes are eligible and must have a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 40%, a moderately elevated N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide level, and an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. The trial is event‐driven, with a target of 844 primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include the composite of total heart failure hospitalizations (including repeat episodes), and cardiovascular death and patient‐reported outcomes. A total of 4744 patients have been randomized.ConclusionsDAPA‐HF will determine the efficacy and safety of the SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, added to conventional therapy, in a broad spectrum of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.
Direct Determination of Bacterial Cell Viability Using Carbon Nanotubes Modified Screen‐printed Electrodes
Authors: Hassan Rabeay Y. A. , Wollenberger Ulla 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor the early detection of bacterial infection, there is a need for rapid, sensitive, and label‐free assays. Thus, in this study, nanostrucured microbial electrochemical platform is designed to monitor the viability and cell growth of S. aureus. Using multi‐walled carbon nanotube modified screen‐printed electrodes (MWCNTs/SPE), the cyclic voltammetric measurements showed only one irreversible oxidation peak at 600 mV vs Ag/AgCl that accounts for the viable and metabolically active bacterial cells. The assay was optimized and the secreted metabolites, in the extracellular matrix, were directly detected. The peak current showed a positive correlation with viable cell numbers ranging from OD600 nm of 0.1 to 1.1, indicating that the activity of live cells can be quantified. Consequently, responses of viable and non‐viable cells of S. aureus to the effects of antibiotic and respiratory chain inhibitors were determined. Thus, the proposed nanostructure‐based bacterial sensor provides a reasonable and reliable way for real‐time monitoring of live‐dead cell functions, and antibacterial profiling.
Experimental study of ash formation under O2/CO2 combustion
Authors: Haibo Wu , Yi Zhang , Liao Haiyan , Yu Xuehai , Liu Zhaohui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOxy‐fuel combustion technology has been recognized as the most promising technology for controlling CO2 emission in coal‐fired boilers. The slagging characteristics of oxy‐fuel combustion (O2/CO2) are very different from those of air combustion (O2/N2). In this paper, an ash sample collection of Shenhua coal with high Ca and Fe content was carried out in a muffle furnace and a tubular furnace under different conditions. The ash melting point, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for characterization. The characteristics of Shenhua coal ash slagging in different atmospheres were studied, and the mineral transformation trend was obtained. It was concluded that the melting point of the ash samples under oxy‐fuel combustion was lower than that under an air atmosphere, and the slagging tendency was enhanced under conditions of high oxygen combustion. Under oxy‐fuel combustion, CaCO3 was found. This did not occur under an air atmosphere. The atmosphere has no obvious effect on the crystal minerals of Fe. The decrease in high melting point oxide, the formation of carbonate, and the increase in glass state and sulfate under an oxy‐fuel atmosphere all make the ash melting point lower than under an air atmosphere. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of three dementia‐related behaviors on caregiver depression: The role of rejection of care, aggression, and agitation
Authors: Choi Scott Seung W. , Budhathoki Chakra , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveThe relationship of specific dementia‐related behaviors to caregiver depression and moderating factors is unclear. We examined the role of rejection of care, aggression, and agitation to caregiver depression and if social support and mastery independently moderated associations.MethodsThe method used was a cross‐sectional, secondary analysis using baseline data from two community‐based clinical trials. We examined frequency of occurrence of presenting behaviors and their combinations in persons with dementia. Multiple logistic regression analyses examined associations between nonoverlapping behavioral clusters (agitation alone, agitation + rejection, agitation + aggression, and agitation + rejection + aggression) and caregiver depression. Multiple logistic regression with interaction terms was also used to investigate whether social support or caregiver mastery moderated the relationship between behavioral symptom clusters and caregiver depression.ResultsThree of four symptom clusters (all three behaviors [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.22; 95% CI, 1.02‐4.83], agitation + rejection of care [AOR = 2.55; 95% CI, 1.06‐6.13], and agitation + aggression [AOR = 2.63; 95% CI, 1.17‐5.89]) had a positive association with caregiver depression, whereas agitation alone was not significantly associated with caregiver depression. Neither social support nor mastery significantly moderated the relationship between these three behavioral clusters and caregiver depression.ConclusionCaregiver depression was associated with different combinations of behaviors but not with agitation alone. These results have implications for intervention development and identifying caregivers at risk for depression. Level of social support and mastery does not appear to moderate impact on caregiver depression.
Radiative flow of Maxwell nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganism and energy activation with convective Nield conditions
Authors: Waqas Hassan , Khan Sami U. , Shehzad Sabir A. , Imran M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOn the account of industrial and technological applications, the enhancement of energy by inserting nanoparticles is a hot topic in the present century. Therefore, the current analysis presents a theoretical analysis regarding the flow of electrically conducted Maxwell nanofluid over a stretching surface in the presence of the gyrotactic microorganism. In addition, the influence of thermal conductivity and Arrhenius activation energy are considered. By using the apposite transformation, the system of contemporary partial differential expressions is first converted into nonlinear ordinary differential system. The set of these transmuted equations is solved with the help of the shooting method. Reliable results are obtained for the velocity profile, temperature, motile microorganism density and concentration. It is evaluated that by increasing the value of bioconvection Peclet and Lewis numbers, the microorganism distribution exhibited diminishing behavior. These results may be useful in improving the efficiency of heat transfer devices and microbial fuel cells.
Improvement of surface run‐off in the hydrological model ParFlow by a scale‐consistent river parameterization
Authors: Schalge Bernd , Haefliger Vincent , Kollet Stefan , Simmer Clemens 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose an improvement of the overland‐flow parameterization in a distributed hydrological model, which uses a constant horizontal grid resolution and employs the kinematic wave approximation for both hillslope and river channel flow. The standard parameterization lacks any channel flow characteristics for rivers, which results in reduced river flow velocities for streams narrower than the horizontal grid resolution. Moreover, the surface areas, through which these wider model rivers may exchange water with the subsurface, are larger than the real river channels potentially leading to unrealistic vertical flows. We propose an approximation of the subscale channel flow by scaling Manning's roughness in the kinematic wave formulation via a relationship between river width and grid cell size, following a simplified version of the Barré de Saint‐Venant equations (Manning–Strickler equations). The too large exchange areas between model rivers and the subsurface are compensated by a grid resolution‐dependent scaling of the infiltration/exfiltration rate across river beds. We test both scaling approaches in the integrated hydrological model ParFlow. An empirical relation is used for estimating the true river width from the mean annual discharge. Our simulations show that the scaling of the roughness coefficient and the hydraulic conductivity effectively corrects overland flow velocities calculated on the coarse grid leading to a better representation of flood waves in the river channels.
Exenatide ameliorates inflammatory response in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes
Authors: Tao Yunxia , Ge Gaoran , Wang Qing , Wang Wei , Zhang Wenhao , Bai Jiaxiang , Lin Jiayi , Shen Jining , Guo Xiaobin , Xu Yaozeng , Geng Dechun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology characterized by degradation of cartilage and bone, accompanied by unimpeded proliferation of synoviocytes of altered phenotype. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of the glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) receptor on human fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) in the pathogenesis of RA using the selective GLP‐1 agonist exenatide, a licensed drug used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Our results indicate that exenatide may play a role in regulating tumor necrosis factor‐α‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial membrane potential, oxidative stress by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species, the expression of NADPH oxidase 4, expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3 and MMP‐13, release of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and high‐mobility group protein 1, as well as activation of the p38/nuclear factor of κ light polypeptide gene enhancer in B‐cells inhibitor, α/nuclear factor κB signaling pathway in primary human RA FLS. These positive results indicate that exenatide may have potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of RA. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 9999(9999):1–9, 2019
Genetic diversity and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Yunnan, China
Authors: Li Daoqun , Song Yuzhu , Yang Pengpeng , Li Xiaofei , Zhang A‐Mei , Xia Xueshan 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundChina is a country with high burden of tuberculosis (TB), especially drug‐resistant TB (DR‐TB), which is still a serious health problem in Yunnan Province. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is the pathogenic microorganism of TB. The epidemiological characteristics of MTB strains in local areas need to be described.MethodsA total of 430 clinical MTB isolates were collected from Yunnan Province and genotyped through the method of 24‐locus mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit‐variable number tandem DNA repeats (MIRU‐VNTR).ResultsThe genotypes of the 24 loci showed abundantly genetic diversity, and allelic diversity index (h) of these loci varied from 0.012 to 0.817. Among the 430 strains, 30 clusters and 370 unique genotypes were identified. Beijing family was the predominant lineage (70.47%) in Yunnan MTB strains, and the other lineages contained T family (5.81%), MANU2 (0.70%), LAM (3.26%), CAS (0.23%), New‐1 (8.37%), and some unknown clades (11.16%). A total of 74 TB strains were identified as drug resistance through drug susceptibility testing (DST), including 38 multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB) and 36 single‐drug‐resistant TB (SDR‐TB). The frequency of MDR‐TB strains was significantly higher in Beijing family (10.89%) than that in non‐Beijing family (3.94%, P = 0.032).ConclusionsAlthough MTB strains showed high genetic diversity in Yunnan, China, the Beijing family was still the dominant strain. A high frequency of MDR‐TB strains was recorded in the Beijing family.
Retracted: Prelamin A overexpression promotes detrusor calcification/aging in urinary incontinence via prelamin A accumulation
Authors: Wu Jing , Guan Fei , Luo Wei , Yuan Zhi‐Wei , Chen Rong‐Qiong , Gou Xin , Shi Xin , Guo Hai‐Xiang , Fang Ke‐Wei 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUrinary incontinence (UI) is known as a distressing condition particularly among older adults, and negatively associated with health‐related quality of life in both males and females. Prelamin A accumulation has been found in all progeroid laminopathies and is obviously linked to cell and organism aging. Therefore, this study was expected to investigate the effect of prelamin A on detrusor on UI. Prelamin A expression in clinical and animal samples was detected. To investigate the degree of prelamin A accumulation and detrusor calcification/aging, the detrusor cells were subcultured separately into low and high passage. The low‐passage subculture cells were treated with transfection of overexpressed prelamin A plasmid, and transfection of overexpressed prelamin A plasmid and application of farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTIs) H‐9279, respectively. Zmpste24, Icmt and lamin A/C expression were detected to explore how prelamin A affected detrusor calcification/aging. Prelamin A was overexpressed in aged detrusor cells, indicating prelamin A expression was positively related to the age of subjects. The degree of prelamin A accumulation and detrusor calcification/aging was higher in aged rats and high passage subculture cells. Zmpste24, Icmt and lamin A/C were poorly expressed in cells transfected with overexpressed prelamin A, as well as cell proliferation activity decreased and calcium deposition and apoptotic rate increased. Furthermore, we also found that the effect of overexpressed prelamin A was lost when cells were treated with H‐9279. These findings provide evidence that prelamin A overexpression impairs degradation of its farnesylated form, thus causing prelamin A accumulation which induces detrusor calcification/aging in UI.
Routine versus Targeted Viral Load Strategy among Patients Starting Antiretroviral in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Pollack Todd M , Duong Hao T , Pham Thuy T , Nguyen Thang D , Libman Howard , Ngo Long , McMahon James H , Elliott Julian H , Do Cuong D , Colby Donn J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionHIV viral load (VL) testing is recommended by the WHO as the preferred method for monitoring patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, evidence that routine VL (RVL) monitoring improves clinical outcomes is lacking.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, randomized controlled trial of RVL monitoring every six months versus a targeted VL (TVL) strategy (routine CD4 plus VL testing if clinical or immunological failure) in patients starting ART between April 2011 and April 2014 at Bach Mai Hospital in Hanoi. Six hundred and forty‐seven subjects were randomized to RVL (n = 305) or TVL monitoring (n = 342) and followed up for three years. Primary endpoints were death or WHO clinical Stage 4 events between six and thirty‐six months of ART and rate of virological suppression at three years.ResultsOverall, 37.1% of subjects were female, median age was 33.4 years (IQR: 29.5 to 38.6), and 47% had a CD4 count ≤100 cells/mm3 at time of ART initiation. Approximately 44% of study events (death, LTFU, withdrawal, or Stage 4 event) and 68% of deaths occurred within the first six months of ART. Among patients on ART at six months, death or Stage 4 event occurred in 3.6% of RVL and 3.9% of TVL (p = 0.823). Survival analysis showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.825). Viral suppression at 36 months of ART was 97.2% in RVL and 98.9% in TVL (p = 0.206) at a threshold of 400 copies/mL and was 98.0% in RVL and 98.9% in TVL (p = 0.488) at 1000 copies/mL. In ITT analysis, 20.7% in RVL and 21.9% in TVL (p = 0.693) were unsuppressed at 1000 copies/mL.ConclusionsWe found no significant difference in rates of death or Stage 4 events and virological failure in patients with RVL monitoring compared to those monitored with a TVL strategy after three years of follow‐up. Viral suppression rates were high overall and there were few study events among patients alive and on ART after six months, limiting the study's power to detect a difference among study arms. Nonetheless, these data suggest that the choice of VL monitoring strategy may have less impact on patient outcomes compared to efforts to reduce early mortality and improve ART retention.
Glioma grading using a machine‐learning framework based on optimized features obtained from T1 perfusion MRI and volumes of tumor components
Authors: Sengupta Anirban , Ramaniharan Anandh K. , Gupta Rakesh K. , Agarwal Sumeet , Singh Anup 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundGlioma grading between intermediate grades (Grade II vs. III and Grade III vs. IV) as well as multiclass grades (Grade II vs. III vs. IV) is challenging and needs to be addressed.PurposeTo develop an artificial intelligence‐based methodology for glioma grading using T1 perfusion parameters and volume of tumor components, and validate the efficacy of the methodology by grading on a cohort of glioma patients.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationThe development set consisted of 53 glioma patients and validation consisted of 13 glioma patients.Field Strength/SequenceConventional MRI images (2D T1‐W, dual PD‐T2‐W, and 3D FLAIR) and 3D T1 perfusion MRI data obtained at 3 T.AssessmentEnhancing and nonenhancing components of glioma were segmented out and combined to form the region of interest (ROI) for glioma grading. Prominent vessels were removed from the selected ROI. Different T1 perfusion parameters from the ROI were combined with volume of tumor components to form the feature set for glioma grading. Optimization was carried out for selection of the statistic of the T1 perfusion parameters and the features to be used for glioma grading using sequential feature selection and random forest‐based feature selection method. An optimized support vector machine (SVM) classifier was used for glioma grading.Statistical TestsMean ± SD, analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey–Kramer test, ROC analysis.ResultsClassification error for Grade II vs. III was 3.7%, for Grade III vs. IV was 5.26%, and for Grade II vs. III vs. IV was 9.43% using the proposed methodology. The mean of the values above the 90th percentile value of T1 perfusion parameters provided a maximum area under the curve (AUC) for intermediate grade differentiation. Random forest obtained optimal feature set provided better grading results than other methods using the SVM classifier.Data ConclusionIt was feasible to achieve low classification error for intermediate as well as multiclass glioma grading using an SVM classifier based on optimized features obtained from T1 perfusion MRI and volumes of tumor components.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1295–1306.
Accuracy of deep learning to differentiate the histopathological grading of meningiomas on MR images: A preliminary study
Authors: Banzato Tommaso , Causin Francesco , Della Puppa Alessandro , Cester Giacomo , Mazzai Linda , Zotti Alessandro 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundGrading of meningiomas is important in the choice of the most effective treatment for each patient.PurposeTo determine the diagnostic accuracy of a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) in the differentiation of the histopathological grading of meningiomas from MR images.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationIn all, 117 meningioma‐affected patients, 79 World Health Organization [WHO] Grade I, 32 WHO Grade II, and 6 WHO Grade III.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T, 3.0 T postcontrast enhanced T1 W (PCT1W), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps (b values of 0, 500, and 1000 s/mm2).AssessmentWHO Grade II and WHO Grade III meningiomas were considered a single category. The diagnostic accuracy of the pretrained Inception‐V3 and AlexNet DCNNs was tested on ADC maps and PCT1W images separately. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) were used to asses DCNN performance.Statistical TestLeave‐one‐out cross‐validation.ResultsThe application of the Inception‐V3 DCNN on ADC maps provided the best diagnostic accuracy results, with an AUC of 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88–0.98). Remarkably, only 1/38 WHO Grade II–III and 7/79 WHO Grade I lesions were misclassified by this model. The application of AlexNet on ADC maps had a low discriminating accuracy, with an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.59–0.76) and a high misclassification rate on both WHO Grade I and WHO Grade II–III cases. The discriminating accuracy of both DCNNs on postcontrast T1W images was low, with Inception‐V3 displaying an AUC of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.59–0.76) and AlexNet displaying an AUC of 0.55 (95% CI, 0.45–0.64).Data ConclusionDCNNs can accurately discriminate between benign and atypical/anaplastic meningiomas from ADC maps but not from PCT1W images.Level of evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1152–1159.
Multiobjective optimal design of saturated surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors: Ilka Reza , Alinejad‐Beromi Yousef 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a multiobjective optimal design of the parameters of surface‐mounted permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) considering saturation of the iron core. Multiobjective parameter tuning can further improve the performance characteristics of such motors. Specifically, efficiency and total volume are of great importance in industrial applications. A new formulation is presented for these two objective functions. In this paper, a multiobjective optimization based on a modified nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA‐II) is utilized for optimal design of PMSM. Pareto‐optimal solution is achieved, and optimal variables are obtained. The best solutions are then selected by k‐means clustering algorithm for the motor under study. Finally, finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to validate the optimization procedure. The FEA results agree well with the values obtained by the optimization process.