bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automated adherent cell elimination by a high-speed laser mediated by a light-responsive polymer
Authors: Hayashi Yohei , Matsumoto Junichi , Kumagai Shohei , Morishita Kana , Xiang Long , Kobori Yohei , Hori Seiji , Suzuki Masami , Kanamori Toshiyuki , Hotta Kazuhiro , Sumaru Kimio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractConventional cell handling and sorting methods require manual labor, which decreases both cell quality and quantity. To purify adherent cultured cells, cell purification technologies that are high throughput without dissociation and can be utilized in an on-demand manner are expected. Here, we developed a Laser-induced, Light-responsive-polymer-Activated, Cell Killing (LiLACK) system that enables high-speed and on-demand adherent cell sectioning and purification. This system employs a visible laser beam, which does not kill cells directly, but induces local heat production through the trans-cis-trans photo-isomerization of azobenzene moieties. Using this system in each passage for sectioning, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) maintained their pluripotency and self-renewal during long-term culture. Furthermore, combined with deep machine-learning analysis on fluorescent and phase contrast images, a label-free and automatic cell processing system has been developed by eliminating unwanted spontaneously differentiated cells in undifferentiated hiPSC culture conditions.
Antibacterial isoamphipathic oligomers highlight the importance of multimeric lipid aggregation for antibacterial potency
Authors: Brown Joseph S. , Mohamed Zeinab J. , Artim Christine M. , Thornlow Dana N. , Hassler Joseph F. , Rigoglioso Vincent P. , Daniel Susan , Alabi Christopher A. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCationic charge and hydrophobicity have long been understood to drive the potency and selectivity of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). However, these properties alone struggle to guide broad success in vivo, where AMPs must differentiate bacterial and mammalian cells, while avoiding complex barriers. New parameters describing the biophysical processes of membrane disruption could provide new opportunities for antimicrobial optimization. In this work, we utilize oligothioetheramides (oligoTEAs) to explore the membrane-targeting mechanism of oligomers, which have the same cationic charge and hydrophobicity, yet show a unique ~ 10-fold difference in antibacterial potency. Solution-phase characterization reveals little difference in structure and dynamics. However, fluorescence microscopy of oligomer-treatedStaphylococcus aureusmimetic membranes shows multimeric lipid aggregation that correlates with biological activity and helps establish a framework for the kinetic mechanism of action. Surface plasmon resonance supports the kinetic framework and supports lipid aggregation as a driver of antimicrobial function.
2D superconductivity and vortex dynamics in 1T-MoS2
Authors: Sharma Chithra H. , Surendran Ananthu P. , Varma Sangeeth S. , Thalakulam Madhu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition and Bose metal phase, driven by vortices and their dynamics are the hallmark features of a clean two-dimensional superconductor. Materials with a minimal structural disorder and high conductivity are essential for the observation of these features. 1T-MoS2, a relatively unexplored metallic van der Waals material, is a promising candidate in this regard. Here, we report the observation of two-dimensional superconductivity in a few-layer 1T-MoS2 device. The electrical characterisation reveals a transition temperature Tc ~920 mK. Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and anisotropy in the magneto-transport confirm the dimensionality of the superconductivity. In addition, we observe an enhancement in the parallel upper-critical-field and emergence of the Bose metal state in our sample. The observation of 2D superconductivity in 1T-MoS2 and the capability to scalably engineer this phase on the semiconducting 2H-MoS2 phase opens up a new route for the realisation and study of monolithic hybrid quantum circuits.
The deregulation of STIM1 and store operative calcium entry impaired aortic smooth muscle cells contractility in aortic medial degeneration
Authors: Hong Junmou , Hu Zhipeng , Wu Qi , Tang Chaoliang , Hu Junxia , Chen Ruoshi , Li Bowen , Wang Zhiwei 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Microarray analysis of clinical aortic samples suggested a potential role for stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) in the modulation of aortic medial degeneration (AMD), despite the uncertainty about STIM1 in normal aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Here, we aimed to explore changes in STIM1 expression in AMD, and the possible mechanisms. Methods: An AMD model was established using auto-delivery of angiotensin II (Ang II) into ApoE−/− mice. We assessed the effects of SKF96365, a STIM1 inhibitor, in AMD model and in vitro cultured ASMCs. Elastic van Gieson (EVG) staining was used to visualize elastic fiber injury. Mitochondria changes were viewed by TEM. Cytoplasmic calcium was quantified by measuring fluo-4 staining in a flow cytometer. Mechanical stretching device was used to mimic stretching that ASMCs experience in vivo. Cell apoptosis was determined by using Annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. The expression of STIM1, contractile related proteins (α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), myosin light chain (MLC)), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related proteins (CHOP, activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6)) and smad2/3 were assessed by Western blotting, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF). Results: SKF96365 exacerbated aortic injury in the AMD model. SKF96365 reduced cytoplasmic calcium concentration in ASMCs, caused mitochondrial swelling, and elevated the expression of ATF-6 and CHOP. SKF96365 decreased the expression of MLC and α-SMA in ASMCs, causing them to be vulnerable to mechanical stretch. SKF96365 suppressed smad2/3 activation after treatment with transforming growth factor (TGF) β1 (TGFβ1). Conclusions: STIM1 is indispensable in ASMCs. Interfering with STIM1 exaggerated the AMD process by modulating the expression of contractile proteins, inducing ER stress in ASMCs.
Optimale Belastung zur Prävention und Rehabilitation von
Hamstring-Verletzungen
Authors: Timmins Ryan , Hickey Jack 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungHamstring-Verletzungen werfen viele Sportler aus der Bahn. Neuere Untersuchungen
haben ergeben, dass dafür neben kaum zu beeinflussenden Faktoren eine
ungenügende exzentrische Kraft der Knieflexoren sowie verkürzte Faszikel des
Caput longum des M. biceps femoris das Risiko für das Auftreten solcher
Verletzungen erhöhen. Mit einem gezielten Reha-Programm können betroffene
Sportler schneller wieder in den Sport zurückkehren. Die Autoren erklären, wann
mit der aktiven Behandlung begonnen werden kann, welche Übungen am besten
geeignet sind und nach welchen Kriterien die Progression erfolgen soll.
7-Azaindoline Auxiliary: A Versatile Attachment Facilitating Enantioselective­ C–C Bond-Forming Catalysis
Authors: Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: November 2018

This short review provides an overview of 7-azaindoline auxiliaries in asymmetric catalysis. 7-Azaindoline serves as a useful attachment to carboxylic acids, and the thus-formed 7-azaindoline amides are amenable to atom-economical C–C bond-forming reactions with high stereoselectivity. The attachment is used for the sake of gaining traction in promoting the reaction of interest and can be easily removed after enantioselective reactions. Both nucleophilic and electrophilic catalyses are realized with broad tolerance for functional groups, showcasing the usefulness of 7-azaindoline auxiliaries for practical and streamlined synthesis of a wide range of acyclic chiral building blocks.1	Introduction2	7-Azaindoline as a Key Auxiliary3	7-Azaindoline Amide as a Pronucleophile3.1	α-Carbon-Substituted 7-Azaindoline Amide3.2	α-Nitrogen-Substituted 7-Azaindoline Amide3.3	α-Oxygen-Substituted 7-Azaindoline Amide3.4	α-Fluorocarbon-Substituted 7-Azaindoline Amide3.5	α-Halogen-Substituted 7-Azaindoline Amide3.6	α-Sulfur-Substituted 7-Azaindoline Amide4	7-Azaindoline Amide as an Electrophile4.1	Conjugate Addition of Butenolides4.2	1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones5	Transformation of 7-Azaindoline Amide6	Conclusion
Platelet Signaling in Primary Haemostasis and Arterial Thrombus Formation: Part 2
Authors: Scharf Rüdiger 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPlatelet signal transduction is the focus of this review. While ‘classic’ platelet signaling through G protein–coupled receptors in response to fluid-phase agonists has been extensively studied, signaling mechanisms linking platelet adhesion receptors such as GPIb-IX-V, GPVI and α2β1 to the activation of αIIbβ3 are less well established. Moreover, ‘non-haemostatic’ pathways can also activate platelets in various settings, including platelet–immune or platelet–tumour cell interactions, platelet responses to neutrophil extracellular traps, or stimulation by microbial pathogens. Genetically determined integrin variants can modulate platelet function and increase thrombogenicity. A typical example is the Pro33 (HPA-1b) variant of αIIbβ3. Recent advances in the genotype–phenotype relation of this prothrombotic variant and its impact on outside-in signaling will be reviewed.
Microvascular Decompression and Nervus Intermedius Sectioning for the Treatment of Geniculate Neuralgia
Authors: Kenning Tyler J. , Kim Christine S. , Bien Alexander G. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives Demonstrate the surgical treatment of geniculate neuralgia via microvascular decompression and nervus intermedius sectioning.
Designs Single case-based operative video.
Setting Tertiary center with dedicated skull base team.
Participants The patient is a 62-year-old female with a history of deep right-sided otalgia consistent with geniculate neuralgia. She failed appropriate medical treatment. Her magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an ectatic vertebrobasilar system as well as an anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) loop causing compression of the VII/VIII nerve complex in the cerebellopontine angle.
Main Outcome Measures Resolution of right-sided otalgia.
Results The patient underwent retrosigmoid craniotomy with microvascular decompression of the VII/VIII nerve complex and nervus intermedius sectioning. Intraoperatively, the patient was noted to have an ectatic vertebral artery and AICA that were compressing the root entry zone of the VII/VIII nerve complex. Microvascular decompression was performed of both the vertebral artery and AICA with Teflon. The nervus intermedius was sharply sectioned. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful with no complications. She continues to have resolution of her right sided otalgia at 6 months postoperatively.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/uRb_QfrINSk.
Impact of Gestational Weight Gain on Trial of Labor after Cesarean Success
Authors: Mei Jenny Y. , Havard Alexandra L. , Mularz Amanda J. , Maykin Melanie M. , Gaw Stephanie L. 
Published: November 2018

Objective Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including increased risk of cesarean delivery (CD). Data are limited on associations between GWG and outcomes in women undergoing trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC). We aimed to investigate whether appropriate GWG impacts TOLAC outcomes.
Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing TOLAC at a single institution from May 2007 to April 2016. Women were divided into three groups based on GWG as compared with the Institute of Medicine recommendations. The primary outcome was successful vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). Secondary outcomes included various perinatal morbidity markers.
Results A total of 614 women underwent TOLAC, of whom 444 (72.3%) had successful VBACs. When grouped by GWG in accordance with the Institute of Medicine guidelines, 149 (24.3%) women had GWG below guidelines, 224 (36.5%) met guidelines, and 241(39.3%) exceeded guidelines. There was no difference in the rate of VBAC success among the three groups. We also found no differences in secondary perinatal morbidity markers.
Conclusion We found no difference in TOLAC success rates with excess GWG. Providers should not consider excess GWG a risk factor for failed TOLAC, even in obese patients.
Azithromycin-based Extended-Spectrum Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Cesarean: Role of Placental Colonization with Genital Ureaplasmas and Mycoplasmas
Authors: Subramaniam Akila , Waites Ken B. , Jauk Victoria C. , Biggio Joseph R. , Sutton Amelia L. M. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Andrews William W. , Tita Alan T. N. 
Published: November 2018

Objective To explore whether the effect of azithromycin (AZI) on postcesarean infections varied by the presence/absence of genital mycoplasmataceae placental colonization.
Study Design This was a single-center substudy of multicenter double-blind C/SOAP (Cesarean Section Optimal Antibiotic Prophylaxis) trial of women randomized to AZI or placebo (+cefazolin) antibiotic prophylaxis at cesarean. Chorioamnion/placenta specimens were tested for genital mycoplasmataceae colonization by polymerase chain reaction. Primary outcome was a composite of endometritis, wound infection, or other infections up to 6 weeks postpartum. Analysis was intent-to-treat; logistic regression was used to evaluate interactions between treatment assignment (AZI/placebo) and the presence/absence of mycoplasmataceae and to quantify effects of AZI in analyses stratified by the presence/absence of these microorganisms.
Results Specimens from 613 women (303 AZI and 310 placebo) were evaluated. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, and approximately 1/3 (30.3%) had mycoplasmataceae placental/chorioamnion colonization. There was no evidence of effect modification (p
interaction = 0.79) between treatment assignment and the presence/absence of organisms. Stratified analyses showed fewer events in the AZI group in the presence (odds ratio [OR]: 0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–1.01) and absence (OR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.24–1) of mycoplasmataceae. Results were similar with endometritis/wound infections and with ureaplasmas/mycoplasmas considered separately.
Conclusion The reduction in postcesarean infection with AZI does not vary based on the presence or absence of genital mycoplasmataceae placental colonization.
Multivariable Analysis of the Association between Antenatal Depressive Symptomatology and Postpartum Visit Attendance
Authors: Shim Jessica Y. , Stark Elisabeth L. , Ross Carolyn M. , Miller Emily S. 
Published: November 2018

Objective We sought to evaluate whether antenatal depression was associated with postpartum visit nonattendance.
Study Design This retrospective cohort study included women who received prenatal care at the academic outpatient offices of a single tertiary care center between March 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014. Women were screened for antenatal depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Attendance at the postpartum visit was compared between women with and without antenatal depressive symptomatology using bivariate and multivariable analyses.
Results Of the 2,870 women who met the inclusion criteria, 566 (19.7%) did not attend the postpartum visit. Women who did not attend a postpartum visit were younger and more likely to be a racial/ethnic minority, publicly insured, or multiparous; they were more likely to have a higher body mass index, as well as a vaginal delivery. Compared with those without antenatal depressive symptomatology, women with antenatal depressive symptomatology were significantly less likely to attend their postpartum visit (18.6 vs. 29.2%, p < 0.001). This association persisted even after controlling for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio: 0.69, 95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.99).
Conclusion Antenatal depressive symptomatology is significantly associated with nonattendance at the postpartum visit.
Accelerated Discharge following Total Knee Arthroplasty May Be Safe in a Teaching Institution
Authors: Novack Thomas A. , Kurowicki Jennifer , Issa Kimona , Pierce Todd P. , Festa Anthony , McInerney Vincent K. , Scillia Anthony J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most commonly performed yet costly surgical procedures in orthopaedics. With national trends and reimbursements moving in favor of shorter hospital length-of-stay (LOS), it is important to understand the complications associated with discharging patients earlier. This is particularly more challenging in a teaching institution due to complexity and variety of layers of care. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the 90-day postoperative outcomes among those who were discharged on postoperative day 2 (POD-2) and compare them to a cohort whom had a LOS ≥ 3 days. A retrospective review of all patients who underwent a primary TKA from at a single-teaching institution from 2015 to 2017 was performed. During this time, an accelerated discharge protocol was designed and implanted in our institution. We identified 485 patients who were then substratified into two groups: patients who were discharged on POD-2 (n = 91) with the accelerated protocol and those who were discharged ≥ 3 days (n = 394). Outcomes evaluated included (1) demographics, (2) readmission rates, (3) emergency room (ER) visits, and (4) complication rates within 90 days of TKA. The POD-2 cohort was significantly younger than patients with ≥ 3-day LOS (64 vs. 69 years; p = 0.0001). There were no differences in gender ratios between the 2-day and 3-day cohorts (women, 67 vs. 72%; p = 0.34). Readmission rates (2 vs. 5%; p = 0.31) and ER visits were similar between cohorts (9 vs. 6%; p = 0.4). Medical and surgical complication rates did not differ between the two cohorts, with an overall complication rate of 5.5% in POD-2 versus 5.6% in >3 days LOS (p = 0.97). Patients discharged on POD-2 from TKA did not demonstrate an increased risk of complications, ER visits, or readmissions within 90 days in a teaching institution. However, older patients tended to have a longer LOS.
DPYSL3 modulates mitosis, migration, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in claudin-low breast cancer
Authors: Matsunuma Ryoichi , Chan Doug W. , Kim Beom-Jun , Singh Purba , Han Airi , Saltzman Alexander B. , Cheng Chonghui , Lei Jonathan T. , Wang Junkai , Roberto da Silva Leonardo , Sahin Ergun , Leng Mei , Fan Cheng , Perou Charles M. , Malovannaya Anna , Ellis Matthew J. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Mass spectrometry-based proteogenomics of patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) identified dihydropyrimidinase-like-3 (DPYSL3) as a multilevel (RNA/protein/phosphoprotein) expression outlier specific to a claudin-low (CLOW) PDX. DPYSL3 has established functions in neural cell migration and axon outgrowth but is understudied in breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that loss of DPYSL3 promotes cell-cycle arrest, multinucleation, and collapse of the vimentin microfilament network associated with increased phospho-vimentin. DPYSL3 is also a negative regulator of p21-activated kinase (PAK) and suppresses epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In turn, EMT regulators induce DPYSL3, suggesting that DPYSL3 provides negative feedback on EMT. DPYSL3 therefore serves as a biomarker for CLOW tumors that exhibit PAK-dependent motility and EMT and is also susceptible to therapeutic approaches that promote vimentin phosphorylation during mitosis.
An introduction to the 'demon plant' parthenium weed.
Authors: Adkins S. W. , Asad Shabbir Asad Shabbir , Dhileepan K. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Research on parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) is in progress in many countries, including Australia, India, South Africa, Ethiopia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, Sri Lanka and Nepal. This book, with contributions from expert researchers with extensive involvement in parthenium weed research from these countries, has collected and synthesized existing knowledge on parthenium weed in 16 chapters covering aspects of: (i) biology; (ii) ecology; (iii) genetics; (iv) introduction histories; (v) geographical distribution; (vi) the impact on agriculture, natural forests and the environment of protected areas; (vii) allelopathy; (viii) impacts on human and animal health; (ix) potential uses; and (x) management strategies, including chemical, cultural and biological control methods. The book also provides current distribution records/status of the weed, along with future risks of spread based on climate change. There are dedicated chapters on the current status of parthenium weed problems in Australia and the Pacific, Southern Asia, East and South-east Asia, North Africa and the Middle East, and southern Africa. All chapters have relevant photos and figures included to make the reading interesting. This is the first book on parthenium weed under the CABI invasive species series. The book will be of immense value to all countries with a parthenium problem, which will benefit by sharing knowledge and experience.
Spread.
Authors: Asad Shabbir Asad Shabbir , McConnachie A. , Adkins S. W. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter deals with how parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus), with a humble origin in the neotropics, has ended up as a global weed with a pantropical distribution spreading across about 48 countries in the last five to six decades. The chapter specifically deals with the spread pathways adopted by the weed and the present distribution in the invaded continents. The chapter also highlights that parthenium weed is likely to expand its geographical distribution range even more, particularly into the Mediterranean and eastern European, Western Africa and South and South-east Asian regions, with anticipated future climate change. The ability of parthenium weed to benefit from future CO2 enrichment, predicted to occur under a changing climate, will encourage greater seed production, which in turn will increase the rate of spread. If not contained effectively, the weed will spread more aggressively in the future, with greater chances of new outbreaks occurring within and beyond its present introduced range.
Interference and impact of parthenium weed on agriculture.
Authors: Bajwa A. A. , Asad Shabbir Asad Shabbir , Adkins S. W. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

This chapter provides details on how parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) interferes with and negatively affects: (i) crop production, including grain, horticultural, vegetable, fibre and field crops, as well as agroforestry; (ii) farm animal production, including pastures, fodder crops and meat production; and (iii) the socio-economic aspects of agriculture. A comprehensive discussion on the different aspects of the impacts will be presented to highlight the magnitude of the problem. This chapter not only provides a thorough literature review of the problems caused by parthenium weed invasion but also gives an insight into the broader subject of weed invasion biology and management. The quantitative and qualitative descriptions of different negative impacts of this particular weed on agricultural production will help to devise sustainable and improved management strategies for the future.