bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric “pet consort dermatitis”—Allergic contact dermatitis from transfer of bronopol from a pet cat
Authors: Hamann Dathan , Ridpath Alyson , Fernandez Faith Esteban 
Published: June 2018

AbstractConsort dermatitis refers to an allergic contact dermatitis caused by transfer from an intimate contact to a sensitized patient. Although close contact with other humans most commonly provokes consort dermatitis, pets have been the source in a minority of cases. We present a unique case of transfer dermatitis from a patient's cat litter to her forearms. Pediatric dermatologists should be aware of the possibility of consort or “transfer” allergic contact dermatitis from pets.
Dermatoscopic features of lichen nitidus
Authors: Jakhar Deepak , Grover Chander , Kaur Ishmeet , Sharma Sonal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDermatoscopy is a noninvasive, painless, and easily repeatable technique that reveals interesting and characteristic features associated with various cutaneous conditions. Lichen nitidus is a rare dermatosis of childhood. We describe the dermatoscopic features in 8 cases of lichen nitidus, which can aid noninvasive diagnosis. The report serves to emphasize the need for examining these lesions using both polarized and nonpolarized modes.
Metformin is associated with a lower risk of active tuberculosis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lin Shang‐Yi , Tu Hung‐Pin , Lu Po‐Liang , Chen Tun‐Chieh , Wang Wen‐Hung , Chong Inn‐Wen , Chen Yen‐Hsu 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveMetformin is an oral anti‐diabetic therapy (ADT) to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and has been reported to have potential anti‐tuberculosis (TB) effects. This study investigates the risk of active TB among persons with T2DM who were treated with various ADT and insulin therapies.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide population‐based cohort study using the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, including 49 028 T2DM patients who were metformin users (n = 44 002) or non‐users (n = 5026). A total of 5026 propensity score‐matched pairs of metformin users and non‐users with T2DM were evaluated from 1998 to 2010. The data were analysed using Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsPatients with T2DM had a significantly higher rate of incident TB than did the control subjects (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.01; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.80–2.25). After adjusting for comorbidities, diabetes complications, ADT type and statin use, metformin use was an independent factor for predicting a reduced risk of active TB (adjusted relative risk (aRR): 0.24; 95% CI: 0.18–0.32). The association between metformin use and active TB risk was also consistent in most subgroup analyses, except for patients with metabolic disorders (aRR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.11–1.87). This protective effect of metformin was dose‐dependent but diminished gradually in the elderly population.ConclusionAmong all types of ADT and insulin therapies, metformin is the only agent with a decreased risk of active TB in the T2DM population. However, this effect was diminished in the elderly population and was not observed in patients with metabolic disorders.
Inflammation‐dependent and independent airway remodelling in asthma
Authors: Elliot John G. , Noble Peter B. , Mauad Thais , Bai Tony R. , Abramson Michael J. , McKay Karen O. , Green Francis H.Y. , James Alan L. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTBackground and objectiveThe pathology of asthma is characterized by airway inflammation (granulocytic (GA) or paucigranulocytic (PGA)) and remodelling of airway structures. However, the relationship between inflammatory phenotypes and remodelling is unclear. We hypothesized that some features of airway remodelling are dependent on granulocytic airway inflammation while others are not.MethodsPost‐mortem airway sections from control subjects (n = 48) and cases of asthma with (n = 51) or without (n = 29) granulocytic inflammation in the inner airway wall were studied. The thickness of the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer, basement membrane and inner and outer airway walls, the size and number of ASM cells, the volume fraction of extracellular matrix within the ASM layer, ASM shortening and luminal mucus were estimated. Airway dimensions were compared between the three subject groups.ResultsIn cases of PGA, only the thickness of the ASM layer and basement membrane was increased compared with control subjects. In cases of GA, not only the ASM and basement membrane were increased in thickness, but there was also increased inner and outer airway wall thickness and increased narrowing of the airway lumen due to ASM shortening and mucus obstruction, compared with control subjects. Granulocytic inflammation was observed more often in cases of fatal asthma.ConclusionThese findings suggest that inner and outer wall thickening coexists with inflammation, whereas thickening of the ASM layer and basement membrane may be present even in the absence of inflammation. Remodelling of the ASM layer and basement membrane may therefore be less susceptible to anti‐inflammatory therapy.
Agent‐Based Models as an Integrating Boundary Object for Interdisciplinary Research
Authors: Reilly Allison C. , Dillon Robin L. , Guikema Seth D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMany of the most complicated and pressing problems in hazards research require the integration of numerous disciplines. The lack of a common knowledge base, however, often prohibits clear communication and interaction among interdisciplinary researchers, sometimes leading to unsuccessful outcomes. Drawing on experience with several projects and collective expertise that spans multiple disciplines, the authors argue that a promising way to enhance participation and enable communication is to have a common model, or boundary object, that can integrate knowledge from different disciplines. The result is that researchers from different disciplines who use different research methods and approaches can work together toward a shared goal. This article offers four requirements for boundary objects that may enhance hazards research. Based on these requirements, agent‐based models have the necessary characteristics to be a boundary object. The article concludes by examining both the value of and the challenges from using agent‐based models as the boundary object in interdisciplinary projects.
MHD Flow and Heat Transfer in a Moving Conducting Inclined Channel
Authors: Ayano Mekonnen Shiferaw 
Published: June 2018

The problem of unsteady laminar, incompressible, electrically conducting micropolar fluid between inclined channel of rectangular cross-section was studied. It is assumed the flow is under the influence of transverse magnetic field and the walls of the channel have constant temperatures and finite conductivity. The numerical solutions was obtained for the velocity, magnetic field profile, microrotation and temperature fields for various parametric conditions. These results are illustrated graphically to illustrate the effects of the physical parameters governing the flow. It is found that velocity, magnetic field profile and microrotations promote the motion of the fluid with increase the with wall conductance. It is also found that both velocity and magnetic field decreases with magnetic parameter increases.
Surgical outcomes of a new affordable non-valved glaucoma drainage device and Ahmed glaucoma valve: comparison in the first year
Authors: Pathak Ray Vanita , Rao Divya P 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundA new low-cost, indigenously manufactured, non-valved glaucoma drainage device (GDD) has been introduced and its design is based on the Baerveldt Glaucoma Device. We aim to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of this GDD (Aurolab aqueous drainage implant, AADI) vis-à-vis the valved device, Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV), in the management of refractory glaucomas.DesignRetrospective, comparative, interventional.Participants Case review of consecutive patients who underwent GDD surgery by a single fellowship-trained surgeon at a Tertiary Centre between January 2014 and November 2016.Primary outcome measure Intraocular pressure (IOP).SecondaryAntiglaucoma medication (AGM), LogMAR best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), complications.ResultsA total of 88 eyes of 83 patients were included; 36 eyes received AGV and 52 AADI. Preoperative parameters were similar between groups. Median follow-up was 13 and 12 months for AADI and AGV, respectively. Overall success rate was higher in AADI (92.3%) vs AGV (80.5%) (p<0.001). The median IOP in mm Hg (Quartiles; IQR) (AADI 14 (10,15;5) vs AGV 16 (14,20;6)) and AGM (AADI: 0 (0,1;1) vs AGV 2 (1,2.75;1.75)) was significantly lower in the AADI group at last follow-up (p<0.001). LogMAR BCVA improved in both groups; complication rates (AADI 44.2% vs AGV 52.7%) were comparable (p=0.59).ConclusionsBoth procedures were effective in reduction of IOP and need for AGM. Nevertheless, overall success rate was higher in the AADI group and IOP and number of AGM required was significantly lower in the AADI group; this affordable GDD could have a tremendous impact in the management of refractory glaucomas in low-income to middle-income countries.
Improving discharge care: the potential of a new organisational intervention to improve discharge after hospitalisation for acute stroke, a controlled before–after pilot study
Authors: Cadilhac Dominique A , Andrew Nadine E , Stroil Salama Enna , Hill Kelvin , Middleton Sandy , Horton Eleanor , Meade Ian , Kuhle Sarah , Nelson Mark R , Grimley Rohan 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveProvision of a discharge care plan and prevention therapies is often suboptimal. Our objective was to design and pilot test an interdisciplinary, organisational intervention to improve discharge care using stroke as the case study using a mixed-methods, controlled before–after observational study design.SettingAcute care public hospitals in Queensland, Australia (n=15). The 15 hospitals were ranked against a benchmark based on a composite outcome of three discharge care processes. Clinicians from a ‘top-ranked’ hospital participated in a focus group to elicit their success factors. Two pilot hospitals then participated in the organisational intervention that was designed with experts and consumers.ParticipantsHospital clinicians involved in discharge care for stroke and patients admitted with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack.InterventionA four-stage, multifaceted organisational intervention that included data reviews, education and facilitated action planning.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThree discharge processes collected in Queensland hospitals within the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry were used to select study hospitals: (1) discharge care plan; (2) antihypertensive medication prescription and (3) antiplatelet medication prescription (ischaemic events only). Primary measure: composite outcome. Secondary measures: individual adherence changes for each discharge process; sensitivity analyses. The performance outcomes were compared 3 months before the intervention (preintervention), 3 months postintervention and at 12 months (sustainability).ResultsData from 1289 episodes of care from the two pilot hospitals were analysed. Improvements from preintervention adherence were: antiplatelet therapy (88%vs96%, p=0.02); antihypertensive prescription (61%vs79%, p<0.001); discharge planning (72%vs94%, p<0.001); composite outcome (73%vs89%, p<0.001). There was an insignificant decay effect over the 12-month sustainability period (composite outcome: 89% postintervention vs 85% sustainability period, p=0.08).ConclusionDischarge care in hospitals may be effectively improved and sustained through a staged and peer-informed, organisational intervention. The intervention warrants further application and trialling on a larger scale.
Prospective cohort study on injuries and health problems among circus arts students
Authors: Stubbe Janine H , Richardson Angelo , van Rijn Rogier M 
Published: June 2018

AimThe amount of injuries, illnesses and mental health problems was calculated among circus arts students, using a method designed to capture more than just time-loss and/or medical injuries. Furthermore, injury incidence rate, injury incidence proportions, anatomical injury location and severity of injuries were assessed.MethodsA total of 44 first-year, second-year and third-year circus arts students were prospectively followed during one academic year. Every month, all students were asked to complete questionnaires by using the online Performing Artist and Athlete Health Monitor, which includes the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Questionnaire on Health Problems.ResultsIn total, 41 students completed the entire follow-up period. The response rate was 82.9%. During the academic year, all (100%) students reported a health problem. A total of 261 health problems were reported consisting of 184 injuries (70.5%), 51 illnesses (19.5%), 15 mental problems (5.0%) and 11 other health problems (3.1%). The injury incidence rate was 3.3 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI 2.7 to 3.9). Monthly incidence proportion for substantial injuries (ie, problems leading to moderate or severe reductions in training volume or in performance or complete inability to participate in activities) ranged from 6.8% to 34.1%. Shoulder (n=51; 27.7%), lower back (n=29; 15.8%), wrist (n=26; 14.1%) and ankle (n=17; 9.2%) were the most reported injuries. The average duration of the injuries was 6.9 days (median=2.0; SD=15.0).ConclusionsWe implemented a new registration method for circus artists, which captures a complete picture of the burden of health problems in circus students. Our study showed that the burden of injuries is high in this population.
Prevalence and burden of overuse injuries in elite junior handball
Authors: Aasheim Christer , Stavenes Håvard , Andersson Stig Haugsbø , Engbretsen Lars , Clarsen Benjamin 
Published: June 2018

AimTo record overuse injuries among male junior handball players throughout a handball season.DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsTen Norwegian junior male handball teams (145 players aged 16–18 years) were followed for one 10-month season. All players were sent the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionaire every second week to record overuse injuries located in the shoulder, elbow, lower back and knee. The relative burden of overuse injuries was calculated in each anatomical area represented, defined as the proportion of the total cumulative severity score.ResultsThe average prevalence of all overuse injury problems was 39% (95% CI 29% to 49%) across all anatomical areas. The average prevalence of substantial overuse injury problems, defined as those leading to moderate or large reductions in training volume or sports performance, or to complete inability to participate, was 15% (95% CI 13% to 17%). Over the duration of the study, the cumulative incidence of overuse injury problems was 91% (133 players). Shoulder problems were the most prevalent (average prevalence 17%, 95% CI 16% to 19%), whereas knee problems had the greatest relative burden.ConclusionOveruse injuries, particularly in the shoulder and knee, have a substantial impact on junior handball players’ training participation and performance. Interventions to prevent overuse injuries among male junior handball players should focus on these areas.
FBXO22 Possesses Both Protumorigenic and Antimetastatic Roles in Breast Cancer Progression
Authors: Sun Rui , Xie Hong-Yan , Qian Jin-Xian , Huang Yan-Ni , Yang Fan , Zhang Fang-Lin , Shao Zhi-Min , Li Da-Qiang 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The molecular underpinnings behind malignant progression of breast cancer from a localized lesion to an invasive and ultimately metastatic disease are incompletely understood. Here, we report that F-box only protein 22 (FBXO22) plays a dual role in mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. FBXO22 was upregulated in primary breast tumors and promoted cell proliferation and colony formation in vitro and xenograft tumorigenicity in vivo. Surprisingly, FBXO22 suppressed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell motility, and invasiveness in vitro and metastatic lung colonization in vivo. Clinical data showed that expression levels of FBXO22 were associated with favorable clinical outcomes, supporting the notion that metastasis, rather than primary cancer, is the major determinant of the mortality of patients with breast cancer. Mechanistic investigations further revealed that FBXO22 elicits its antimetastatic effects by targeting SNAIL, a master regulator of EMT and breast cancer metastasis, for ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation in a glycogen synthase kinase 3β phosphorylation–dependent manner. Importantly, expression of SNAIL rescued FBXO22-mediated suppression of EMT, cell migration, and invasion. A patient-derived tryptophan-to-arginine mutation at residue 52 (W52R) within the F-box domain impaired FBXO22 binding to the SKP1–Cullin1 complex and blocked FBXO22-mediated SNAIL degradation, thus abrogating the ability of FBXO22 to suppress cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Collectively, these findings uncover an unexpected dual role for FBXO22 in mammary tumorigenesis and metastatic progression and delineate the mechanism of an oncogenic mutation of FBXO22 in breast cancer progression.
Significance: These findings highlight the paradoxical roles of FBXO22 in breast cancer, as it promotes breast tumor cell proliferation but prevents EMT and metastasis. Cancer Res; 78(18); 5274–86. ©2018 AACR.
Inhaled TLR9 Agonist Renders Lung Tumors Permissive to PD-1 Blockade by Promoting Optimal CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell Interplay
Authors: Gallotta Marilena , Assi Hikmat , Degagné Émilie , Kannan Shravan Kumar , Coffman Robert L. , Guiducci Cristiana 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Currently approved inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway represent a major advance for the treatment of lung cancers, yet they are ineffective in a majority of patients due to lack of preexisting T-cell reactivity. Here, we show that a TLR9 agonist delivered by inhalation is able to prime T-cell responses against poorly immunogenic lung tumors and to complement the effects of PD-1 blockade. Inhaled TLR9 agonist causes profound remodeling in tumor-bearing lungs, leading to the formation of tertiary lymphoid structures adjacent to the tumors, CD8+ T-cell infiltration into the tumors, dendritic cell expansion, and antibody production. Inhalation of TLR9 agonist also increased the pool of functional PD-1lowT-bethigh effector CD8+ T cells in tumor-bearing lungs. Effector CD8+ T cells generated by inhaled TLR9 agonist treatment were licensed by PD-1 blockade to become highly functional CTLs, leading to a durable rejection of both lung tumors and tumor lesions outside the lungs. CD4+ T cells activated in response to inhaled TLR9 play a critical role in this process by controlling the proliferation, preventing exhaustion, and guiding the differentiation of optimally functional CTLs. This study characterizes a strategy to apply localized TLR9 stimulation to a tumor type not accessible for direct injection, a strategy that may expand the therapeutic potential of PD-1 blockade in non–small cell lung cancer.
Significance: These findings demonstrate that local delivery of a toll-like receptor 9 agonist can change the immune content of an entire organ and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibition.
Graphical Abstract: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/78/17/4943/F1.large.jpg. Cancer Res; 78(17); 4943–56. ©2018 AACR.
Clonal Structures of Regionally Synchronous Gastric Adenomas and Carcinomas
Authors: Jung Seung-Hyun , Kim Shin Young , An Chang Hyeok , Lee Sung Hak , Jung Eun Sun , Park Hyeon-Chun , Kim Min Sung , Chung Yeun-Jun , Lee Sug Hyung 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Gastric adenoma (GA) is a premalignant lesion that precedes intestinal-type gastric carcinoma (GC). However, genetic progression mechanisms from GA to GC have not been clarified.
Experimental Design: We performed whole-exome sequencing–based mutational analyses for 15 synchronous pairs of attached GAs and GCs.
Results: There was no significant difference in the number of driver mutations or copy-number alterations between GAs and GCs. Well-known mutations of TP53, APC, RNF43, and RPL22 were recurrently detected in synchronous GA/GC pairs. In addition, we discovered novel KDM6A, PREX2, FAT1, KMT2C, GLI3, and RPL22 mutations and hypermutation in GAs, but did not identify recurrent drivers for GA-to-GC progression. Clonal structure analyses revealed that most GA/GC pairs exhibit parallel evolution with early divergence rather than stepwise evolution during GA-to-GC progression. Of note, three cases were identified as clonally nonrelated GA/GC pairs despite the lack of histologic differences. We found differences in dominant mutational signatures 1, 6, 15, and 17 in GA/GC trunks, GA branches, and GC branches. Compared with our previous work on synchronous colon adenoma/carcinoma genome structures, where most drivers were in the trunk with parallel evolution, synchronous GA/GC genomes showed a different model of parallel evolution, with many drivers in the branches.
Conclusions: The preferred sequence of mutational events during GA-to-GC progression might be more context-dependent than colon adenoma progression. Our results show that nonclonal synchronous GA/GC is common and that GA genomes have already acquired distinct genomic alterations, suggesting caution in the diagnosis of synchronous GA and GC, especially in residual or recurrent cases. Clin Cancer Res; 24(19); 4715–25. ©2018 AACR.
Talazoparib Is a Potent Radiosensitizer in Small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines and Xenografts
Authors: Laird James H. , Lok Benjamin H. , Ma Jennifer , Bell Andrew , de Stanchina Elisa , Poirier John T. , Rudin Charles M. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Purpose: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive malignancy with a critical need for novel therapies. Our goal was to determine whether PARP inhibition could sensitize SCLC cells to ionizing radiation (IR) and if so, to determine the contribution of PARP trapping to radiosensitization.
Experimental Design: Short-term viability assays and clonogenic survival assays (CSA) were used to assess radiosensitization in 6 SCLC cell lines. Doses of veliparib and talazoparib with equivalent enzymatic inhibitory activity but differing PARP trapping activity were identified and compared in CSAs. Talazoparib, IR, and their combination were tested in three patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models.
Results: Talazoparib radiosensitized 5 of 6 SCLC cell lines in short-term viability assays and confirmed in 3 of 3 cell lines by CSAs. Concentrations of 200 nmol/L talazoparib and 1,600 nmol/L veliparib similarly inhibited PAR polymerization; however, talazoparib exhibited greater PARP trapping activity that was associated with superior radiosensitization. This observation further correlated with an increased number of double-stranded DNA breaks induced by talazoparib as compared with veliparib. Finally, a dose of 0.2 mg/kg talazoparib in vivo caused tumor growth inhibition in combination with IR but not as a single agent in 3 SCLC PDX models.
Conclusions: PARP inhibition effectively sensitizes SCLC cell lines and PDXs to IR, and PARP trapping activity enhances this effect. PARP inhibitors, especially those with high PARP trapping activity, may provide a powerful tool to improve the efficacy of radiotherapy in SCLC. Clin Cancer Res; 24(20); 5143–52. ©2018 AACR.