bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Political Dramaturgies and Theatre Spectatorship
Authors: Tomlin Liz 
Published: July 2019

What do we mean when we describe theatre as political today? How might theatre-makers’ provocations for change need to be differently designed when addressing the precarious spectator-subject of twenty- first century neoliberalism? In this important study Liz Tomlin interrogates the influential theories of Jacques Rancière to propose a new framework of analysis through which contemporary political dramaturgies can be investigated. Drawing, in particular, on Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, Lilie Chouliaraki and Judith Butler, Tomlin argues that the capacities of the contemporary and future spectator to be ‘effected’ or ‘affected’ by politically-engaged theatre need to be urgently re-evaluated.
Central to this study is Tomlin’s theorized figuration of the neoliberal spectator-subject as precarious, individualized and ironic, with a reduced capacity for empathy, agency and the ability to imagine better futures. This, in turn, leads to a predilection for a response to injustice that is driven by a concern for the feelings of the subject-self, rather than concern for the suffering other. These characteristics are argued to shape even those spectator-subjects towards the left of the political spectrum, thus necessitating a careful reconsideration of new and long-standing dramaturgies of political provocation.
Dramaturgies examined include the ironic invitations of Made in China and Martin Crimp, the exploration of affect in Kieran Hurley’s Heads Up, the new sincerity that characterizes the work of Andy Smith, the turn to the staging of the spectators’ ‘other’ in Developing Artists’ Queens of Syria and Chris Thorpe and Rachel Chavkin’s Confirmation, and the community activism of Common Wealth’s The Deal Versus the People.
America & Islam
Authors: Pintak Lawrence 
Published: July 2019

Donald Trump’s first term as the 45th President of the United States of America has shocked the world. His attitudes towards Islam became a key point of contention on the campaign trail, and in power Trump has continued his war of divisive words and deeds. Here, acclaimed journalist Lawrence Pintak scrutinizes America’s relationship with Islam since its foundation. Casting Donald Trump as a symptom of decades of misunderstanding and demonization of the Islamic world, as well as a cause of future tensions, Pintak shows how and why America’s relationship with the world’s largest religion has been so fractious, damaging and self-defeating.
Featuring unique interviews with victims and perpetrators of Trump’s policies, as well as analysis of the media’s role in inflaming debate, America & Islam seeks to provide a complete guide to the twin challenges of terrorism and the polarizing rhetoric that fuels it, and sketches out a future based on co-operation and the reassertion of democratic values.
To be or not to be informational: Preverbal complements in Medieval French V2 configurations
Authors: Larrivée Pierre 
Published: July 2019

It is widely assumed that Medieval French V2 constructions relate to an informational value (Labelle &amp; Hirschbühler 2018 i.a.). This assumption is however rarely tested by quantitative studies, which tend to rely on heterogeneous textual material. The purpose of this paper is to document the informational value of preverbal complements that associate with (unambiguous) V2 configurations. I use a novel, homogeneous corpus of prose legal texts from the Normandy region over the period 1150–1475. Defining a decision tree, I determine the informational value of V2 complements, specifically whether they represent old information (explicit mentioned, anaphoric, accommodated or inferable) or new information. A categorical discourse-old value is evidenced for preverbal V2 complements for the period between 1150 and 1236. The loss of the categorical informational value precedes the decline of V2 as a productive configuration with the emergence of formulaic uses. The detailed documentation of the informational value of historical configurations, based on an explicit, replicable method applied to a homogeneous corpus, contributes to the understanding of the driving role of informational structure for syntactic change.
BIOMASS AND NUTRIENTS REMOVAL IN PURE AND MIXED POPULATIONS OF Pinus sp. IN SOUTHWEST BAHIA - BRAZIL
Authors: Gomes Vanessa De Souza , Barreto-Garcia Patrícia Anjos Bittencourt , Novaes Adalberto Brito , Scoriza Rafael Nogueira , Nascimento Mariana Dos Santos , Oliveira Monalisa Fagundes 
Published: July 2019

The magnitude of export of nutrients with forest harvest depends on the adopted waste management and, above all, on the distribution of biomass and nutrients in the trees, which is conditioned by the genetic potential and the species composition of forest stand. The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass and nutrients of the trees and evaluate the effect of the management of harvest residues on the removal of nutrients from pure and mixed plantations of Pinus sp.. The study areas are located in the Southwest region of Bahia State, Brazil. Twenty trees per species were selected and felled under both planting conditions. The biomass quantification was performed by the destructive method. Samples of the tree components were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents. The total biomass was 75 Mg ha-1 for pure planting, and 81 Mg ha-1 for mixed planting, with wood and bark as the most representative compartments. Removal of the wood with bark led to too much nutrient removal, reaching a further 50% of the total contained in the biomass. Mixed planting has been shown more prone to export P, K and Mg. For both plantations, 64% of the N, P, K, Ca and Mg are in other components of the aerial part of the tree, and not in the wood. The elements that represent the highest risk for maintaining productivity are Ca and Mg.
Short-term effects of thinning on the understory natural environment of mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Changbai Mountain area, Northeast China
Authors: Liu Qiang , Sun Yue , Wang Gerong , Cheng Fushan , Xia Fucai 
Published: July 2019

Background
The understory natural environment is critical in affecting the succession and recovery process of vegetation, stand structure, and species composition of forest. The thinning intensity could significantly change the forest microclimates and soil properties, therefore, to analyze the effects of thinning intensity on the understory natural environment of forest is of important significance for promoting the ecological benefits of thinning.

Methods
A total of 16 fixed sample plots with different thinning intensities were established in the mixed broadleaf-conifer forest in Jiaohe, situated in Changbai Mountain area, Northeast China, and the forest microclimates and soil properties were investigated after 4 years since the establishment of the sample plots.

Results
The results showed that the high intensity thinning significantly decreased the leaf area index from 4.13 (unthinned plot) to 2.21 (high intensity thinned plot), and the air temperature was increased by thinning from May to July. Comparing with the unthinned plot, thinning caused a rise of temperature (ranging from 2.11 to 6.74 °C, depending on the intensity of thinning) in May. However, it showed cooling effect in September and October. Besides, the air moisture of thinning plots was lower than the control plot in May and October, when the density of leaves is lower in the forest, and it even decreased 20.27% after thinning. The thinning intensity had no significantly effect on water content and organic carbon in forest soils, and only the bulk density in the top-layer soils in high intensity thinning plot was remarkably increased. Total nitrogen in soil was increased by different intensities of thinning, and the availability of nutrients for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in some soils were also affected.
Physico-chemical Characterization of Palm Kernel Oil Extracted from the Seeds of Two Varieties of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) for Possible Use in Feed or Food
Authors: Paulin Yapi Amin , Irène Kouadio Ahou 
Published: July 2019

This study was carried out in order to assess the quality of the type of palm kernel oil suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed or food. To reach this objective, oil D and oil T extracted respectively from the seeds of the varieties Dura and Tenera of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) by the Soxhlet method using hexane as a solvent were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. The results obtained show that the values for the physical parameters (Oil yield, density and percentage of impurities) of both oils were similar and fell in those of the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015. However, for the chemical parameters (Acid value, percentage of free fatty acids, peroxide value, saponification value and ester value), the values obtained for oil D were the highest, but for both oils, the values were above those recommended by the standards of Codex Alimentarius 2015, excepted the Saponification values and the Ester values which were below these standards. The determination of fatty acids composition by Gas Chromatography showed that these oils were not significantly different. Indeed, the totals saturated fatty acids were in amounts of 87.92% ± 0.17 and 87.53% ± 0.24, while the totals unsaturated fatty acids were in amounts of 12.08% ± 0.02 and 12.47% ± 0.02 respectively for oil D and oil T. The predominant fatty acid was lauric acid in amounts of 36.87% and 37.84% respectively for oil D and oil T.
Thus, these palm kernel oils could be used as ingredients and preservatives in feed due to their content in lauric acid which is known to possess antimicrobial properties and also to their content in unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) which are an indicator of oil quality. However, oil T seems to be more suitable for the alternative in animal oil in feed due to its percentage of free fatty acid which is less than that of oil D.
Relationship between left atrial volume and ischemic stroke subtype
Authors: Kamel Hooman , Okin Peter M. , Merkler Alexander E. , Navi Babak B. , Campion Thomas R. , Devereux Richard B. , Díaz Iván , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Kim Jiwon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveAtrial cardiopathy without atrial fibrillation (AF) may be a potential cardiac source of embolic strokes of undetermined source (ESUS). Atrial volume is a feature of atrial cardiopathy, but the relationship between atrial volume and ESUS remains unclear.MethodsWe compared left atrial volume among ischemic stroke subtypes in the Cornell Acute Stroke Academic Registry (CAESAR), which includes all patients with acute ischemic stroke at our hospital since 2011. Stroke subtype was determined by neurologists per the TOAST classification and consensus ESUS definition. Left atrial volume index (LAVI) was obtained directly from our echocardiography image system (Xcelera, Philips Healthcare). We used t‐tests and analysis of variance for unadjusted comparisons and targeted minimum loss‐based estimation for comparisons adjusted for demographics and comorbidities.ResultsAmong 2116 patients in CAESAR from 2011 to 2016, 1293 had LAVI measurements. LAVI varied across subtypes (P < 0.001) from 48.8 (±30.0) mL/m2 in cardioembolic strokes to 30.3 (±10.5) mL/m2 in small‐vessel strokes. LAVI was larger in ESUS (33.3 ± 13.6 mL/m2) than in small‐ or large‐vessel stroke (30.9 ± 10.7 mL/m2) (P = 0.01). The association between LAVI and ESUS persisted after the adjustment for demographics and comorbidities: a 10 mL/m2 increase in LAVI was associated with a 4.4% increase in ESUS probability (95% CI, 2.3%–6.4%). Results were similar after excluding patients with AF during post‐discharge heart‐rhythm monitoring.InterpretationWe found larger left atria among patients with ESUS versus non‐cardioembolic stroke. There was significant overlap in left atrial size between ESUS and non‐cardioembolic stroke, highlighting that many ESUS cases are not cardioembolic.
Recent Advances in Ambipolar Transistors for Functional Applications
Authors: Ren Yi , Yang Xiaoyang , Zhou Li , Mao Jing‐Yu , Han Su‐Ting , Zhou Ye 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmbipolar transistors represent a class of transistors where positive (holes) and negative (electrons) charge carriers both can transport concurrently within the semiconducting channel. The basic switching states of ambipolar transistors are comprised of common off‐state and separated on‐state mainly impelled by holes or electrons. During the past years, diverse materials are synthesized and utilized for implementing ambipolar charge transport and their further emerging applications comprising ambipolar memory, synaptic, logic, and light‐emitting transistors on account of their special bidirectional carrier‐transporting characteristic. Within this review, recent developments of ambipolar transistor field involving fundamental principles, interface modifications, selected semiconducting material systems, device structures, ambipolar characteristics, and promising applications are highlighted. The existed challenges and prospective for researching ambipolar transistors in electronics and optoelectronics are also discussed. It is expected that the review and outlook are well timed and instrumental for the rapid progress of academic sector of ambipolar transistors in lighting, display, memory, as well as neuromorphic computing for artificial intelligence.
Unprecedented Enhancement of Thermoelectric Power Factor Induced by Pressure in Small‐Molecule Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Shi Wen , Deng Tianqi , Wu Gang , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Wang Jian‐Sheng , Yang Shuo‐Wang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEstablishing the relationship between pressure and heat–electricity interconversion in van der Waals bonded small‐molecule organic semiconductors is critical not only in designing flexible thermoelectric materials, but also in developing organic electronics. Here, based on first‐principles calculations and using naphthalene as a case study, an unprecedented elevation of p‐type thermoelectric power factor induced by pressure is demonstrated; and the power factor increases by 267% from 159.5 µW m−1 K−2 under ambient conditions to 585.8 µW m−1 K−2 at 2.1 GPa. The underlying mechanism is attributed to the dramatic inhibition of lattice‐vibration‐caused electronic scattering. Furthermore, it is revealed that both restraining low‐frequency intermolecular vibrational modes and increasing intermolecular electronic coupling are two essential factors that effectively suppress the electron–phonon scattering. From the standpoint of molecular design, these two conditions can be achieved by extending the π‐conjugated backbones, introducing long alkyl sidechains to the π‐cores, and substituting heteroatoms in the π‐cores.
Silicene: Wet‐Chemical Exfoliation Synthesis and Biodegradable Tumor Nanomedicine
Authors: Lin Han , Qiu Wujie , Liu Jianjun , Yu Luodan , Gao Shanshan , Yao Heliang , Chen Yu , Shi Jianlin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSilicon‐based biomaterials play an indispensable role in biomedical engineering; however, due to the lack of intrinsic functionalities of silicon, the applications of silicon‐based nanomaterials are largely limited to only serving as carriers for drug delivery systems. Meanwhile, the intrinsically poor biodegradation nature for silicon‐based biomaterials as typical inorganic materials also impedes their further in vivo biomedical use and clinical translation. Herein, by the rational design and wet chemical exfoliation synthesis of the 2D silicene nanosheets, traditional 0D nanoparticulate nanosystems are transformed into 2D material systems, silicene nanosheets (SNSs), which feature an intriguing physiochemical nature for photo‐triggered therapeutics and diagnostic imaging and greatly favorable biological effects of biocompatibility and biodegradation. In combination with DFT‐based molecular dynamics (MD) calculations, the underlying mechanism of silicene interactions with bio‐milieu and its degradation behavior are probed under specific simulated physiological conditions. This work introduces a new form of silicon‐based biomaterials with 2D structure featuring biodegradability, biocompatibility, and multifunctionality for theranostic nanomedicine, which is expected to promise high clinical potentials.
Influence of Temperature‐Dependent Substrate Decomposition on Graphene for Separable GaN Growth
Authors: Park Jeong‐Hwan , Lee Jun‐Yeob , Park Mun‐Do , Min Jung‐Hong , Lee Je‐Sung , Yang Xu , Kang Seokjin , Kim Sang‐Jo , Jeong Woo‐Lim , Amano Hiroshi , Lee Dong‐Seon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractGraphene has been adopted in III−V material growth since it can reduce the threading dislocations and the III−V epilayer can easily be separated from the substrate due to the weak chemical bond. However, depending on the substrate supporting the graphene, some substrates decompose in the III−V material growth environment, which results in the problem that no graphene remains. In this study, the influence of temperature‐dependent substrate decomposition on graphene through an annealing process that resembles conventional growth conditions in metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is investigated. It is also confirmed that trimethylgallium, hydrogen, and ammonia gases do not directly affect the graphene loss through gallium nitride (GaN) growth on a graphene/sapphire. In addition, GaN grown on graphene/sapphire could separate, but GaN grown on a graphene/GaN template could not be separated due to GaN template decomposition and related graphene damage. Through further investigation for graphene/gallium arsenide, it is deduced that the gallium generated by substrate decomposition does not play a major role in damage to the graphene but instead the nitrogen generated by substrate decomposition is closely related to it. These results suggest that it is very important to adopt a decomposition‐free substrate that do not damage graphene during GaN growth in MOCVD.
Additive Engineering to Grow Micron‐Sized Grains for Stable High Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Hua , Wu Guohua , Li Wanyi , Zhang Yaohong , Liu Zhike , Wang Dapeng , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA high‐quality perovskite photoactive layer plays a crucial role in determining the device performance. An additive engineering strategy is introduced by utilizing different concentrations of N,1‐diiodoformamidine (DIFA) in the perovskite precursor solution to essentially achieve high‐quality monolayer‐like perovskite films with enhanced crystallinity, hydrophobic property, smooth surface, and grain size up to nearly 3 µm, leading to significantly reduced grain boundaries, trap densities, and thus diminished hysteresis in the resultant perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The optimized devices with 2% DIFA additive show the best device performance with a significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.22%, as compared to the control devices with the highest PCE of 19.07%. 2% DIFA modified devices show better stability than the control ones. Overall, the introduction of DIFA additive is demonstrated to be a facile approach to obtain high‐efficiency, hysteresis‐less, and simultaneously stable PSCs.
From graphical to model‐based distillation column design: A McCabe‐Thiele‐inspired mathematical programming approach
Authors: Kong Lingxun , Maravelias Christos T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe propose a mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for simple and complex distillation column design and optimization. The model is based upon the concepts and equations underpinning the McCabe‐Thiele method. Generalizing this method, we introduce material balances at various locations of the column and employ binary variables to determine the optimal number of trays and optimal feed locations. We model the vapor–liquid equilibrium using continuous piecewise linear approximating functions. The model is extended to account for multicomponent mixtures and non‐constant‐molar overflow. We also discuss how to estimate the minimum number of trays and the minimum reflux ratio.
Global minimization of total exergy loss of multicomponent distillation configurations
Authors: Jiang Zheyu , Chen Zewei , Huff Joshua , Shenvi Anirudh A. , Tawarmalani Mohit , Agrawal Rakesh 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe operating cost of a multicomponent distillation system comprises two major aspects: the overall heat duty requirement and the temperature levels at which the heat duties are generated and rejected. The second aspect, often measured by the thermodynamic efficiency of the distillation system, can be quantified by its total exergy loss. In this article, we introduce a global optimization framework for determining the minimum total exergy loss required to distill any ideal or near‐ideal multicomponent mixture using a sequence of columns. Desired configurations identified by this new framework tend to use milder‐temperature reboilers and condensers and are thus attractive for applications such as heat pump assisted distillation. Through a case study of shale gas separations, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this framework and present various useful physical insights for designing energy efficient distillation systems.
Self‐assembling structure formation in low‐density magnetoactive polymers
Authors: Sindersberger Dirk , Prem Nina , Monkman Gareth J. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe formation of microstructures in magnetoactive polymers (MAPs) is a recently discovered phenomenon found only with very low filler particle concentrations (less than 3 wt %). Due to the degassing process, filler particles collect around an ascending bubble, which dissolves at a certain point leaving particulate rings within the matrix. The formation of toroidal microstructures commences as filler concentration approaches 1 wt %. The development of coherent parallel aligned rings with a compact order continues as particle concentrations increase toward 2 wt %. Between 2 and 3 wt % capillary doublets develop, while mass percentages higher than 3% result in increasing entropy as the random order of particle agglomeration found in higher concentration MAP dominates. Self‐structured samples of different filler material and concentrations between 1 and 3 wt % have been investigated using X‐ray tomography, where the emerging structures can be observed and visualized. The ring structures resulting from this research represent microinductivities which can be fabricated in a targeted manner, thus enabling new applications in the high‐frequency radio field. Furthermore, these anisotropic, but well‐organized, structures have magnetic field‐dependent implications for optical, thermal, acoustic, and medical applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48291.