bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of prehospital physician presence on survival after severe trauma: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Knapp Jürgen , Häske David , Böttiger Bernd W. , Limacher Andreas , Stalder Odile , Schmid Annina , Schulz Stephanie , Bernhard Michael 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND
As trauma is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, there is great potential for reducing mortality in trauma patients. However, there is continuing controversy over the benefit of deploying emergency medical systems (EMS) physicians in the prehospital setting. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess how out-of-hospital hospital management of severely injured patients by EMS teams with and without physicians affects mortality.

METHODS
PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for relevant articles, and the search was supplemented by a hand search. Injury severity in the group of patients treated by an EMS team including a physician had to be comparable to the group treated without a physician. Primary outcome parameter was mortality. Helicopter transport as a confounder was accounted for by subgroup analyses including only the studies with comparable modes of transport. Quality of all included studies was assessed according to the Cochrane handbook.

RESULTS
There were 2,249 publications found, 71 full-text articles assessed, and 22 studies included. Nine of these studies were matched or adjusted for injury severity. The odds ratio (OR) of mortality was significantly lower in the EMS physician-treated group of patients: 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.71–0.92. When analysis was limited to the studies that were adjusted or matched for injury severity, the OR was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.73–1.01). Analyzing only studies published after 2005 yielded an OR for mortality of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.64–0.88) in the overall analysis and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.67–0.97) in the analysis of adjusted or matched studies. The OR was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.65–1.00) in the subgroup of studies with comparable modes of transport and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.53–1.03) in the more recent studies.

CONCLUSION
Prehospital management of severely injured patients by EMS teams including a physician seems to be associated with lower mortality. After excluding the confounder of helicopter transport we have shown a nonsignificant trend toward lower mortality.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Systematic review and meta-analysis, level III.
Ketamine/propofol admixture vs etomidate for intubation in the critically ill: KEEP PACE Randomized clinical trial
Authors: Smischney Nathan Jerome , Nicholson Wayne T. , Brown Daniel R. , Gallo De Moraes Alice , Hoskote Sumedh S. , Pickering Brian , Oeckler Richard A. , Iyer Vivek N. , Gajic Ognjen , Schroeder Darrell R. , Bauer Philippe R. 
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND
Periintubation hypotension is associated with poor outcomes in the critically ill. We aimed to determine if an admixture of ketamine and propofol for emergent endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients was superior to etomidate. Primary endpoint was the change in mean arterial pressure from baseline to 5 minutes postdrug administration.

METHODS
Emergent-use, stratified (shock status and unit type), multiunit, randomized, parallel-group superiority clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary academic medical center. Adult medical/surgical and transplant/oncologic intensive care unit patients undergoing emergent intubation were assigned randomly to receive either ketamine/propofol admixture (0.5 mg/kg of ketamine and propofol each) or reduced dose etomidate (0.15 mg/kg) for emergent intubation.

RESULTS
One hundred sixty participants were randomized, and 152 (79 ketamine/propofol admixture, 73 etomidate) were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. There was no statistically significant difference in mean arterial pressure change from baseline to 5 minutes postdrug administration (treatment difference [ketamine/propofol admixture—etomidate]: −2.1 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, −6.9 mm Hg to +2.7 mm Hg; p = 0.385). In addition, no statistically significant difference was demonstrated in the change of mean arterial pressure from baseline at 10 minutes and 15 minutes postdrug administration, no statistical difference in the use of new-onset vasoactive agents or difficulty of intubation between groups. More patients in the etomidate group required non–red blood cell transfusions (16 [22%] vs. 8 [10%], p = 0.046). For patients who had adrenal testing performed, more patients in the etomidate group developed immediate adrenal insufficiency (13 [81%] of 16 vs. 5 [38%] of 13, p = 0.027). Serious adverse events were rare, 2 (3%) (cardiac arrest, hypotension) in ketamine/propofol admixture and 4 (5%) (hypertension, hypotension) in etomidate (p = 0.430).

CONCLUSION
In a heterogeneous critically ill population, ketamine/propofol admixture was not superior to a reduced dose of etomidate at preserving per-intubation hemodynamics and appears to be a safe alternative induction agent in the critically ill.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic/Care Management, level II.

TRIAL REGISTRY
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02105415, Ketamine/Propofol Admixture “Ketofol” at Induction in the Critically Ill Against Etomidate: KEEP PACE Trial, IRB 13-000506, Trial Registration: March 31, 2014
Maize residues changes soil fungal composition and decrease soil microbial co-ocurrence networks complexity
Authors: Cobo-Díaz José F. , Legrand Fabienne , Le Floch Gaétan , Picot Adeline 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTFusarium graminearum(Fg) can cause different diseases in cereals and maize crops worldwide, and a correct management of previous crop residues could decrease disease incidence and/or severity. Bacterial, fungal andFusariumcommunities were studied by metabarcoding approach in 8 agricultural fields with wheat-maize rotation system in Brittany, France, during three years. Additionally, shift in microbial communities were evaluated under mesocosm experiments in soils amended or not with maize residues and/orFgisolate. Bacterial communities composition were highly influenced by crop soil origin in both environmental and mesocosm soils, while bacteria co-occurrence network complexity was decreased by maize residues in environmental samples andFgtreatment in mesocosm samples. Maize residues altered slightly bacteria-fungi co-occurrence networks, while all treatments on mesoscosm experiments showed lower complexity in bacteria-fungi networks than Control Soil treatment. A clear input of fungal generaEpicoccum,Fusarium,Vishniacozyma,Articulospora,Papiliotrema,Sarocladium,Xenobotryosphaeria,Ramularia,Cladosporium,CryptococcusandBullerafrom maize residues to soil were observed for both environmental and mesocosm samples. Moreover, an increase ofF. graminearumandF. avenaceumwas observed in soils whe maize residues were presented. Finally, microbial co-occurrence networks reported some OTUs significant correlated toFusariumspp. OTUs, such as those assigned toEpicoccum,VishniacozymaandSarocladiumfungal genera, previously reported as efficient biocontrol agents versusFusariumspp. Moreover, a decrease of complexity was observed for soil bacterial and bacterial-fungal networks due to maize addition in both environmental and mesocoms communities.
Comparative hormonal regulatory pathway of the drought responses in relation to glutamate-mediated proline metabolism in Brassica napus
Authors: La Van Hien , Lee Bok-Rye , Islam Md. Tabibul , Park Sang-Hyun , Bae Dong-Won , Kim Tae-Hwan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProline metabolism influences metabolic and signaling pathway in regulating plant stress responses. This study aimed to characterize the physiological significance of glutamate (Glu)-mediated proline metabolism in the drought stress responses, focusing on the hormonal regulatory pathway. The responses of cytosolic Ca2+ signaling, proline metabolism and redox components to the exogenous application of Glu in well-watered or drought-stressed plants were interpreted in relation to endogenous hormone status and their signaling genes. Drought-enhanced abscisic acid (ABA) were concomitant with ROS and proline accumulation, accompanied by decreased NAD(P)H/NAD(P)+ and GSH/GSSG ratios. Exogenous Glu-feeding under drought resulted in an increase of salicylic acid (SA) with an antagonistic decrease of ABA. Glu-enhanced SA coincided with the highest expression of SA synthesis related gene ICS1 and Ca2+-dependent protein kinase CPK5. SA-enhanced CPK5 expression was closely associated with further enhancement of proline synthesis-related genes (P5CS1, P5CS2, and P5CR) expression. The Glu-activated proline synthesis was responsible for the reset of reducing potential with enhanced expression of redox regulating genes TRXh5 and GRXC9 in a SA-mediated NPR1- and/or PR1-dependent manner. These results clearly indicate that Glu-activated interplay between SA- and CPK5-signaling and Glu-enhanced proline synthesis are crucial in the amelioration of drought stress in B. napus.HighlightDrought-induced oxidative stress and symptom are developed by ABA-dependent mannerGlu-application increases endogenous SA level with an antagonistic decrease of ABADrought-induced proline accumulation was further enhanced by exogenous Glu-applicationGlu-enhanced proline synthesis accompanied with SA-mediated regulatory pathwayGlu-enhanced SA-modulated proline metabolism is an integrated process of redox control
Long live the king: chromosome-level assembly of the lion (Panthera leo) using linked-read, Hi-C, and long read data
Authors: Armstrong Ellie E. , Taylor Ryan W. , Miller Danny E. , Kaelin Christopher , Barsh Gregory , Hadly Elizabeth A. , Petrov Dmitri 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe lion (Panthera leo) is one of the most popular and iconic feline species on the planet, yet in spite of its popularity, the last century has seen massive declines for lion populations worldwide. Genomic resources for endangered species represent an important way forward for the field of conservation, enabling high-resolution studies of demography, disease, and population dynamics. Here, we present a chromosome-level assembly for the captive African lion from the Exotic Feline Rescue Center as a resource for current and subsequent genetic work of the sole social species of thePantheraclade. Our assembly is composed of 10x Genomics Chromium data, Dovetail Hi-C, and Oxford Nanopore long-read data. Synteny is highly conserved between the lion, otherPantheragenomes, and the domestic cat. We find variability in the length and levels of homozygosity across the genomes of the lion sequenced here and other previous published resequence data, indicating contrasting histories of recent and ancient small population sizes and/or inbreeding. Demographic analyses reveal similar histories across all individuals except the Asiatic lion, which shows a more rapid decline in population size. This high-quality genome will greatly aid in the continuing research and conservation efforts for the lion.
Traveling cortical netwaves compose a mindstream
Authors: Hülsmann Ernst Rudolf M. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe brain creates a physical response out of signals in a cascade of streaming transformations. These transformations occur over networks, which have been described in anatomical, cyto-, myeloarchitectonic and functional research. The totality of these networks has been modelled and synthesised in phases across a continuous time-space-function axis, through ascending and descending hierarchical levels of association1-3via changing coalitions of traveling netwaves4-6, where localised disorders might spread locally throughout the neighbouring tissues. This study quantified the model empirically with time-resolving functional magnetic resonance imaging of an imperative, visually-triggered, self-delayed, therefor double-event related response task. The resulting time series unfold in the range of slow cortical potentials the spatio-temporal integrity of a cortical pathway from the source of perception to the mouth of reaction in and out of known functional, anatomical and cytoarchitectonic networks. These pathways are consolidated in phase images described by a small vector matrix, which leads to massive simplification of cortical field theory and even to simple technical applications.
Muc5b-deficient mice develop early histological lung abnormalities
Authors: Valque Hélène , Gouyer Valérie , Duez Catherine , Leboeuf Christophe , Marquillies Philippe , Lebert Marc , Plet Ségolène , Ryffel Bernhard , Janin Anne , Gottrand Frédéric , Desseyn Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTGel-forming mucins are the main organic component responsible for physical properties of the mucus hydrogels. While numerous biological functions of these mucins are well documented, specific physiological functions of each mucin are largely unknown. To investigatein vivofunctions of the gel-forming mucin Muc5b, which is with Muc5ac the major secreted airway mucin, we generated mice in which Muc5b was disrupted and maintained in the absence of environmental stress. Adult Muc5b-deficient mice displayed bronchial hyperplasia and metaplasia, interstitial thickening, alveolar collapse, immune cell infiltrates, fragmented and disorganized elastin fibers and collagen deposits that were for approximately one fifth of mice associated with altered pulmonary function leading to respiratory failure. These lung abnormalities start early in life, as demonstrated for one fourth 2-day-old Muc5b-deficient pups. Thus, the mouse mucin Muc5b is essential for maintaining normal lung function.
Medial prefrontal decoupling from the default mode network benefits memory
Authors: Müller N.C.J. , Dresler M. , Janzen G. , Beckmann C.F. , Fernández G , Kohn N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the last few years the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in memory processing has received increased attention. It is centrally involved when we use prior knowledge (schemas) to improve learning of new material. With the mPFC also being one of the core hubs of the default mode network (DMN) and the DMN’s role in memory retrieval, we decided to investigate whether the mPFC in a schema paradigm acts independently of the DMN. We tested this with data from a cross-sectional developmental study. During retrieval of schema items, the mPFC decoupled from the DMN with the degree of decoupling predicting memory performance. This finding suggests that a demand specific reconfiguration of the DMN supports schema memory. Additionally, we found that in the control condition, which relied on episodic memory, activity in the parahippocampal gyrus was positively related to memory performance. We interpret these results as a demand specific network reconfiguration of the DMN: a decoupling of the mPFC to support schema memory and a decoupling of the parahippocampal gyrus facilitating episodic memory. This supports the notion of dynamic reconfiguration of brain networks in response to task demands in the sense of process specific alliances.
Precise annotation of human, chimpanzee, rhesus macaque and mouse mitochondrial genomes using 5’ and 3’ end small RNAs
Authors: Cheng Zhi , Ji Haishuo , Jin Xiufeng , Wang Bo , Yau Tungon , Chen Ze , Chen Defu , Bu Wenjun , Sun Daqing , Gao Shan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractUsing 5’ and 3’ end small RNAs, we annotated human, chimpanzee, rhesus macaque and mouse mitochondrial genomes at 1 base-pair (bp) resolution to cover both strands of the mammalian mitochondrial genome entirely without leaving any gaps or overlaps. The precise annotation of all coding and non-coding genes (e.g. ncMT1, MDL2 and MDL1AS) led to the discovery of novel functions and mechanisms of mitochondrion. In this study, we defined the conserved sequence block (CSB) region to span five CSBs (CSB1, CSB2, CSB3, LSP and HSP) and identified the motifs of five CSBs in the mitochondrial displacement loop (D-loop) regions of 52 mammals. The conserved arrangement of these five CSBs in 17 primates inspired us to investigate the function of the mtDNA D-loop, which has been puzzling scientists for more than 50 years. We found that 5’ sRNAs of MDL1AS control the expression levels of mitochondrial genes as a whole by a negative feedback mechanism. Thus, the precise annotations of three CSBs (CSB2, LSP and HSP) in more species will help to understand the function of the mtDNA D-loop. The precision annotation of animal mitochondrial genomes also provides abundant information for studying the molecular phylogenetics and evolution of animals.
Convergent changes in gene expression associated with repeated transitions between hummingbird and bee pollinated flowers
Authors: Serrano-Serrano Martha L. , Marcionetti Anna , Perret Mathieu , Salamin Nicolas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe repeated evolution of convergent floral shapes and colors in angiosperms has been largely interpreted as the response to pollinator-mediated selection to maximize attraction and efficiency of specific groups of pollinators. The genetic mechanisms contributing to certain flower traits have been studied in detail for model system species, but the extent by which flowers are free to vary and how predictable are the genetic changes underlying flower adaptation to pollinator shifts still remain largely unknown.Here, we aimed at detecting the genetic basis of the repeated evolution of flower phenotypes associated with pollinator shifts. We assembled and comparedde novotranscriptomes of three phylogenetic independent pairs of Gesneriaceae species, each with contrasting flower phenotype adapted to either bee or hummingbird pollination. We assembled and analyzed a total of 14,059 genes and we showed that changes in expression in 550 of them was associated with the pollination syndromes. Among those, we observed genes with function linked to floral color, scent, shape and symmetry, as well as nectar composition. These genes represent candidates genes involved in the build-up of the convergent floral phenotypes.This study provides the first insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the repeated evolution of pollination syndromes. Although the presence of additional lineage-specific responses cannot be excluded, these results suggest that the convergent evolution of genes expression is involved in the convergent build-up of the pollination syndromes. Future studies aiming to directly manipulate certain genes will integrate our knowledge on the key genes for floral transitions and the pace of floral evolution.Data availabilityRaw Illumina reads will be available in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) in NCBI database. The assembled transcriptomes and their annotation will by available in DRYAD repository. Details and accession ID will be provided at the time of the manuscript acceptance.
Major surgery induces acute changes in DNA methylation associated with activation of the immune response
Authors: Sadahiro Ryoichi , Knight Bridget , James Ffion , Hannon Eilis , Charity John , Daniels Ian R. , Burrage Joe , Knox Olivia , Crawford Bethany , Smart Neil J. , Mill Jonathan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundSurgery is an invasive procedure evoking acute inflammatory and immune responses that are believed to mediate risk for postoperative complications including cognitive dysfunction and delirium. Although the specific mechanisms driving these responses have not been well-characterized, they are hypothesized to involve the epigenetic regulation of gene expression. We quantified genome-wide levels of DNA methylation in purified peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) longitudinally collected from 55 elderly patients undergoing three types of major surgery (elective colorectal and hip replacement surgery, and emergency hip fracture surgery), comparing samples collected at baseline to those collected immediately post-operatively and at discharge from hospital.ResultsMajor surgery was associated with acute changes in DNA methylation at sites annotated to immune system genes, paralleling changes in serum-levels of markers including C-reactive protein (CRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) measured in the same individuals. Although many of the observed changes in DNA methylation are consistent across the three types of surgery, there is notable heterogeneity between surgery types at certain loci. The acute changes in DNA methylation induced by surgery are relatively stable in the postoperative period, generally persisting until discharge from hospital.ConclusionsOur results highlight the dramatic alterations in gene regulation induced by invasive surgery, primarily reflecting upregulation of the immune system in response to trauma, wound healing and anaesthesia.
An Information-based approach to handle various types of uncertainty in Fuzzy Bodies of Evidence
Authors: Sarabi-Jamab Atiye , Araabi Babak N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFuzzy evidence theory or fuzzy Dempster-Shafer Theory captures all three types of uncertainty usually contained in a piece of information within one framework: fuzziness, non-specificity, and conflict. Therefore, it is known as one of the most promising approaches for practical applications. Quantifying the difference between two fuzzy bodies of evidence has a central role when this framework is used in applications. This work is motivated by the fact that while dissimilarity measures have been surveyed in the fields of evidence theory and fuzzy set theory, no comprehensive survey is yet available for fuzzy evidence theory. Here, we modified a set of the most discriminative dissimilarity measures (smDDM)-as the minimum set of dissimilarity with the maximal power of discrimination in evidence theory- to handle all types of uncertainty in fuzzy evidence theory. Consequently, our generalized smDDM (FsmDDM) together with one previously introduced fuzzy measure make up a set of measures that is comprehensive enough to compare all aspects of information conveyed by the fuzzy bodies of evidence. Experimental results are presented to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Discovery of CD80 and CD86 as recent activation markers on regulatory T cells by protein-RNA single-cell analysis
Authors: Trzupek Dominik , Dunstan Melanie , Cutler Antony J. , Lee Mercede , Godfrey Leila , Aschenbrenner Dominik , Uhlig Holm H. , Wicker Linda S. , Todd John A. , Ferreira Ricardo C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe transcriptomic and proteomic characterisation of CD4+T cells at the single-cell level has been performed traditionally by two largely exclusive types of technologies: single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies and antibody-based cytometry. Here we demonstrate that the simultaneous targeted quantification of mRNA and protein expression in single-cells provides a high-resolution map of human primary CD4+T cells, and identified precise trajectories of Th1, Th17 and regulatory T-cell (Treg) differentiation in blood and tissue. Furthermore, the sensitivity provided by this massively-parallel multi-omics approach revealed novel insight into the mechanism of expression of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of activated CD4+Tregs and demonstrate their potential to identify recently activated T cells in circulation. This transcriptomic and proteomic hybrid technology provides a cost-effective solution to dissect the heterogeneity of immune cell populations, including more precise and detailed descriptions of the differentiation and activation of circulating and tissue-resident cells in response to therapies and in stratification of patients.