bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The TERENO‐Rur Hydrological Observatory: A Multiscale Multi‐Compartment Research Platform for the Advancement of Hydrological Science
Authors: Bogena H.R. , Montzka C. , Huisman J.A. , Graf A. , Schmidt M. , Stockinger M. , von Hebel C. , Hendricks-Franssen H.J. , van der Kruk J. , Tappe W. , Lücke A. , Baatz R. , Bol R. , Groh J. , Pütz T. , Jakobi J. , Kunkel R. , Sorg J. , Vereecken H. 
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas
We provide an overview of the TERENO‐Rur hydrological observatory.
We present information on general physical characteristics of the Rur catchment.
Ongoing interdisciplinary research aims to advance understanding of complex hydrological processes.
We provide an overview of the Rur hydrological observatory, which is the main observational platform of the TERENO (TERrestrial ENvironmental Observatories) Eifel/Lower Rhine Valley Observatory. The Rur catchment area exhibits distinct gradients in altitude, climate, land use, soil properties, and geology. The Eifel National Park is situated in the southern part of the Rur catchment and serves as a reference site for the hydrological observatory. We present information on general physical characteristics of the Rur catchment and describe the main features of the multi‐scale and multi‐compartment monitoring framework. In addition, we also present some examples of the ongoing interdisciplinary research that aims to advance the understanding of complex hydrological processes and interactions within the Rur catchment.
İSLAM HUKUKUNDA ŞEFE HAKKI VE SINIRLARI
Authors: CEYLAN Metin 
Published: July 2018

İslam hukukunda insanların su ihtiyacının karşılanmasına özel bir önem
verilmektedir. İslamiyetin doğuşundan sonra İslam hukuku kaynaklarının oluştuğu
ilk dönemlerde şirb hakkı içerisinde görülen su içme hakkı daha sonraki
yüzyıllarda şefe hakkı olarak isimlendirildiği görülmektedir. Şefe hakkı, en
dar anlamda insanın susuzluğunu gidermesi için gerekli su ihtiyacını sağlama
hakkı olarak ifade edilmektedir. Geniş anlamda insanın günlük hayatında ihtiyaç
duyduğu suyu temin etme hakkı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu hakkın sularda
kullanılmasında suyun genel ve özel su olması önem arz etmektedir. Genel
sularda şefe hakkının kullanımında serbestlik bulunmaktadır. Muhrez sular hariç
olmak üzere özel sularda da serbestlik kabul edilmektedir. Muhrez sularda şefe
hakkının varlığı kabul edilmemektedir.
Bu sularda şefe hakkının kullanılabilmesi zaruret durumunun olması veya
malikinin izni gereklidir. Zaruret halinde bulunan kişinin muhrez suyu
kullanması durumunda bunu tazmini gerekir. Şefe hakkı ile yakın ilgisi bulunan
suların satışında şefe hakkı kapsamındaki suların satışına cevaz verenler
olmakla beraber daha çok bunun ücretsiz olması gerektiği yönünde görüş
belirtenler bulunmaktadır.
Ozonation of nursing home wastewater pretreated in a membrane bioreactor
Authors: Mousel Danièle , Pinnekamp Johannes 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Nursing home (NH) wastewater was pretreated in an ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor (MBR) and subsequently ozonated in a pilot plant in order to evaluate the elimination of pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs). Dosing of the pre-treated wastewater with 5 mg ozone (O3) L−1 led to the elimination of &gt;50% for nearly all investigated PhACs in the ozonation plant, whereas dosing 10 mg O3 L−1 increased elimination to &gt;80%. A total hydraulic retention time of 12.8 min proved sufficient for PhAC elimination. Specific ozone consumption and influent dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (8.2–9.5 mg L−1) were in similar ranges for all three performed trials. Combining the MBR with subsequent ozonation at a dosage of 5 mg O3 L−1 achieved elimination of &gt;90% and effluent concentrations below 250 ng L−1 for nearly all the investigated PhACs. Influent concentrations of the MBR were comparable to those found in municipal wastewater. Thus, the recommended dosage for PhAC elimination of 5 mg O3 L−1 (i.e. a specific consumption of 0.6 g O3*(g DOC)−1) is in the same range as for municipal wastewater. However, due to a smaller plant size, the specific costs for treating NH wastewater would significantly exceed those of treating municipal wastewater.
Contribution of the Rho-kinase to Systemic Sclerosis and Behçet’s Disease
Authors: Demiryürek Seniz , Baysalman Elif , Mammadov Azad , Demiryürek Abdullah T. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
The small GTPase Rho family and its effectors, Rho-kinases (ROCK) play essential
roles in the actin cytoskeleton organization and coordinate a broad range of cellular functions, such as inflammatory
responses, cell contractility, migration, adhesion, proliferation, and apoptosis.

Methods:
: The goal of this work is to review existing literature about systemic sclerosis and Behçet’s disease in
relation to ROCK.
<p>
Results: There are some evidence that ROCK expression is elevated in patients with systemic sclerosis and Behçet’s
disease. Rho/ROCK gene polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with these disorders. Endothelial
function is also impaired in these autoimmune diseases. Rho/Rho-kinase pathway might have a crucial role in
endothelial, vascular, and fibrotic pathologies.

Conclusion:
Dysregulation in the Rho/ROCK pathway may represent a common pathogenic mechanism in multiple
autoimmune disorders. Current evidence indicate that Rho/ROCK genes might be risk factors, and can contribute
to susceptibility and development of systemic sclerosis and Behçet’s disease. These studies may also provide
important insights into the future development or use of potential novel therapeutic approaches, such as
selective Rho-kinase inhibitors, for the treatment of patients with systemic sclerosis and Behçet’s disease.
Impact of the Presence of Select Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Cognitive Changes among Dementia Subtypes
Authors: Irimata Katherine E. , Dugger Brittany N. , Wilson Jeffrey R. 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Studies have shown select associations between cardiovascular risk factors and
dementia, but mostly focused on Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).

Objective:
We enhance these works by evaluating the relationship between the presence of cardiovascular
risk factors and the rate of cognitive decline, measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination
(MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SUM) on four common dementia subtypes
(AD, dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and vascular dementia (VaD),
as well as non-demented elderly individuals (normal)).

Method:
We used generalized linear mixed models with random intercepts to account for correlation at
the patient and center levels for each dementia subtype adjusting for time since initial visit, baseline
cognitive score, age, and demographic factors. The cardiovascular risk factors evaluated included body
mass index, diabetes, years of smoking, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.

Results:
Patients diagnosed with AD (n=1899), DLB (n=65), FTD (n=168), or VaD (n=13); or lacked
cognitive impairment (normal) (n=3583) were evaluated using data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating
Centers. Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with select dementia subtypes including
AD and FTD. Using MMSE and CDR-SUM, recent or active hypertension and hypercholesterolemia
were associated with a slower cognitive decline for AD patients, while higher body mass index and
years of smoking were associated with a slower cognitive decline for FTD patients. However, several
cardiovascular factors demonstrated associations with more rapid cognitive decline.

Conclusion:
These results demonstrate disease specific associations and can provide clinicians guidance
on predicted cognitive changes at the group level using information about cardiovascular risk factors.
QSAR Studies on Thiazole Derivatives as HCV NS5A Inhibitors via CoMFA and CoMSIA Methods
Authors: Li Jiayu , Tian Wenyue , Gao Diaohui , Li Yuying , Chang Yiqun , Xu Jun , Zheng Junxia , Sun Pinghua 
Published: July 2018

Background:
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is the major cause of hepatitis after
transfusion. And HCV Nonstructural Protein 5A (NS5A) inhibitors have become a new hotspot in
the study of HCV inhibitors due to their strong antiviral activity, rapid speed of viral removing and
broad antiviral spectrum.

Methods:
Forty-five NS5A inhibitors were chosen to process three-dimensional quantitative structure-
activity relationship (3D-QSAR) by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and
comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) models. A training set consisting of 30
compounds was applied to establish the models and a test set consisting of 15 compounds was applied
to do the external validation.

Results:
The CoMFA model predicted a q2 value of 0.607 and an r2 value of 0.934. And the CoMSIA
model predicted a q2 value of 0.516 and an r2 value of 0.960 established on the effects of
steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond acceptor. 0.713 and 0.939 were the predictive
correlation co-efficients (r2pred) of CoMFA and CoMSIA models, respectively.

Conclusion:
These conclusions provide a theoretical basis for drug design and screening of HCV
NS5A complex inhibitors.
Sensores de fibra óptica tipo LPG aplicados a la determinación de tensiones y deformaciones en suelos
Authors: Mosquera Luis , Basurto Pinao Jesús , Cordeiro Cristiano M. 
Published: July 2018

En este trabajo se muestra la aplicación de sensores de fibra óptica tipo LPG a la determinación del esfuerzo transmitido y deformación de una muestra de suelo confinado sometido a cargas superficiales. El esfuerzo transmitido fue medido por un sensor de presión LPG mecánico y la curvatura del suelo por sensores LPG permanentes enterrados a profundidades de 0,1m; 0,2m; 0,4m y 0,6m. Suelo arcilla-arenoso característico de la UNICAMP fue depositado en un cilindro de 0,8m de longitud y 0,305 m de diámetro. El suelo fue ligeramente compactado en capas de 0,2m instalándose sobre cada capa un sensor LPG. Cargas superficiales de hasta 227 KPa fueron aplicadas sobre la superficie del suelo midiéndose deformaciones axiales del suelo menores a 3mm por nuestros sensores con sensibilidades del orden de 0,22 mm/dB. Los valores de los módulos de elasticidad para este tipo de suelo fueron determinados a partir del ajuste de las ecuaciones de Bousinessq con los valores medidos por los sensores LPG enterrados. Un módulo de Young de 5,39 MPa y un coeficiente de Poisson ν=0,52 fueron determinados para este tipo de suelo.
Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Minuman Fungsional Berbasis Jahe dan Kacang-Kacangan sebagai Antiemetik
Authors: Harti Leny Budhi , Kurniasari Fuadiyah Nila , Dasilva Kusumaningrum , Waziiroh Elok , Cempaka Anggun Rindang 
Published: July 2018

Antioksidan merupakan salah satu zat gizi yang dapat menurunkan mual dan muntah. Antioksidan ini dapat ditemukan pada bahan makanan seperti jahe, kacang kedelai, dan kacang hijau. Bahan makanan tersebut dapat dikonsumsi dalam bentuk minuman fungsional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan pada minuman fungsional berbasis jahe dan kacang-kacangan yang dapat membantu mengatasi mual dan muntah. Desain dari penelitian ini adalah eksploratif deskriptif. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu 16 formula yang didapatkan dengan metode d-optimal Mixture Design pada software Design Expert 7Â®. Software design expert ini mampu menentukan proporsi sari jahe, sari kacang hijau, dan sari kacang kedelai. Aktivitas antiosidan diukur menggunakan metode DPPH yang disajikan dalam bentuk nilai aktivitas antioksidan IC50. IC50 didefinisikan sebagai konsentrasi antioksidan yang dapat menangkap 50% radikal bebas DPPH. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai aktivitas antioksidan IC50 formula 1 hingga 16 adalah 109,20; 104,08; 102,66; 147,88; 99,42; 129,89; 132,53; 115,87; 136,94; 109,78; 139,78; 99,33; 102,26; 135,46; 116,07; 120,45 mg/ml. Semakin kecil nilai IC50 menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antioksidannya semakin baik. Terdapat perbedaan aktivititas antioksidan yang signifikan dari 16 formula (p = 0,0048).Â Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat aktivitas antioksdan pada formula minuman fungsional berbahan dasar jahe dan kacang-kacangan sebesar 99,33 mg/ml hingga147,88 mg/ml.Â Â Kata kunci: aktivitas antioksidan; mual; muntah;Â minuman fungsionalAbstractAntioxidant is one of the nutrients that can reduce nausea and vomiting. It can be found in ginger, soy bean, and green beand. They can be consumed as functional drinks. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity on functional drinks based on ginger and beans that can reduce nausea and vomiting. Sample in this study is 16 formula which got by d-optimal Mixture Design method in software Design Expert 7Â®. That design was used to decide the proportion of ginger extract, green bean extract, and soybean extract. Antioxidant activity was measured by DPPH. It was dercribed by IC50 score of antioxidant activity. Result of this research showed that IC50 Score of antioxdant activity formula 1-16 were 109.20; 104.08; 102.66; 147.88; 99.42; 129.89; 132.53; 115.87; 136.94; 109.78; 139.78; 99.33; 102.26; 135.46; 116.07; 120.45 mg/ml respectively. The smaller score of IC50 indicated that antioxidant activity was better than the higher score.Â Statistical analysis indicated a significant different (p < 0,005) on antioxidant activity among formulas (p = 0,0048). From this study could be concluded there were antioxidant activity in ginger formula about 99.33 mg/ml until 147.88 mg/ml. Keywords: antioxidant activity; nausea; vomiting; functional drink
A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF POSSIBLE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PEDIATRICS DEPARTMENT AT AN INDIAN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Sripada Ramam , Kumar S. V. Suresh , Devanna N. , Reddy Kandula Ravindra 
Published: July 2018

Objective: To study the prevalence and severity of possible drug-drug interactions in the department of pediatrics.Methods: Case records of the in-patients of the pediatrics department from the medical records department were included and the records of the ambulatory patients were excluded from the study. All the collected cases were subjected to check for the drug-drug interactions by using the software micromedex 2.0 and the interactions were categorized based on the severity into minor, moderate and major.Results: A total of 142 cases were screened for possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and among them 76 cases were observed to be with possible DDIs. The prevalence was found to be 53.5% in this study. Majority of the cases with possible DDIs were observed to be in females. Results of the age wise categorization revealed that majority of the possible DDIS were observed in children (2-12 y) followed by the infants (1 mo–2 y). The drug combinations amikacin+ampicillin, paracetamol+phenytoin and ofloxacin+ondansetron were found to be the frequently observed possible DDIs of minor, moderate and major severities respectively.Conclusion: Majority of the possible DDIs were of moderate severity followed by major. Clinical pharmacists should take the responsibility in assisting the pediatricians for screening the possible DDIs in the prescriptions there by preventing them and providing a better pharmaceutical care for the pediatric population.
KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DAN KERENTANAN LARVA NYAMUK Aedes spp DI KECAMATAN LUBUK BASUNG
Authors: Putri Novia Wirna 
Published: July 2018

<p><em>Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an acute febrile infectious disease caused by four virus serotypes of the genus Flavivirus that is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected Aedes mosquitoes.Lubuk Basung District is a DHF endemic with the most number of cases, namely 91 cases. The purpose is to analyze the environmental risk factors and to determine a description susceptibility of Aedes larvae in Lubuk Basung District. The study is an observational analytic with case-control design. The sample size was 81 cases and 81 control. The research was conducted in the Lubuk Basung District. Bivariate analysis result showed that the habit of hanging clothes (p=0,000 ; OR = 3,44 ; CI 95 % = 1,60–8,23), and the habit of not using mosquito repellent had a significant correlation with incidence of dengue (p = 0,026 ; OR = 2,07 ; CI 95 % = 1,08–4,12). The results of susceptibility testing larvae in Lubuk Basung District included in the vulnerable category that is&gt;98%. Conclusion is the habit of hanging clothes, the habit of not using mosquito repellent were risk factor of DHF in Lubuk Basung District.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p>Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) adalah penyakit infeksi demam akut yang disebabkan oleh empat serotipe virus dari genus Flavivirus yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes spp yang terinfeksi. Kecamatan Lubuk Basung merupakan kecamatan endemis DBD dengan jumlah kasus terbanyak pada tahun 2014 yaitu 91 kasus. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis faktor risiko lingkungan dan mengetahui gambaran kerentanan larva nyamuk Aedes spp di Kecamatan Lubuk Basung Kabupaten Agam.Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik menggunakan rancangan studi kasus kontrol dengan responden sebanyak 81 kasus dan 81 kontrol. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan variabel yang bermakna terhadap kejadian DBD di Kecamatan Lubuk Basung adalah kebiasaan menggantung pakaian (p=0,000 ; OR = 3,44 ;dan CI 95 % = 1,60–8,23), dan kebiasaan menggunakan obat anti nyamuk (p = 0,026 ; OR = 2,07 ; dan CI 95 % = 1,08–4,12). Hasil uji kerentanan larva di kelima Nagari Kecamatan Lubuk Basung termasuk dalam kategori rentan yaitu &gt;98 %. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah ada hubungan kebiasaan menggantung pakaian dan kebiasaan menggunakan obat anti nyamuk dengan kejadian DBD di Kecamatan Lubuk Basung.</p>
PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS SISWA
Authors: Amalina Amalina 
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran matematika yang masih bersifat teacher centered. Masih sedikit siswa yang aktif dan suasana kerjasama antar siswa belum tercipta selama pembelajaran. Melihat gejala tersebut, maka diterapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe student teams achievement division (STAD) dalam pembelajaran matematika pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 3 Padang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Hal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa pada kelas yang menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD. Hasil penelitian menunjukan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika yang cenderung meningkat.
THE MEANINGS OF SALUTATIONS AT ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL-LINGUISTIC STUDY (MAKNA SAPAAN DI PESANTREN: KAJIAN LINGUISTIK-ANTROPOLOGIS)
Authors: Zakiyah Millatuz 
Published: July 2018

This research aims to explains the meaning of some specific address terms such as kiai, gus, ning, kang, etc. which are obligatorily usedÂ on pondok pesantren in Jombang. This study discusses the classification and the meanings of address terms in pesantren as well as pesantren and Javanese cultural perspectives on the terms. This descriptive-qualitative research applies emic approach. The result shows that there are 15 address terms in pesantren, namely kiai, nyai, gus, mas, ning, bapak, ibu, mbak, kang, cak, ustadz, ustadzah, abah, abi, and umi. These distinctive address terms aim to honor the kiai, teachers, kiaiâ€™s and teachersâ€™families, and santri. Pesantrenâ€™s view posits that respecting teachers, teachersâ€™ family, and fellow santri is a pace to get barokah and manfaat (benefit) of science, the santriâ€™s ultimate goal and their destination of seeking knowledge. Meanwhile, Javanese cultural persepective argues that this respect indicates syncretism between Javanese and Islamic culture. The respect to kiai is influenced by the respect to begawan. On the other hand, santriâ€™s attitude refers to cantrik. Different tributes between teacher and kiai are influenced by Javanese culture. It indicates the existence of different obligations and rights in pesantren which impact on the stratification at pesantren. The stratification at pesantren can bedivided into three classes; namely nursery class (kiai and his family), teacher class, and santri class.
Reconfiguraciones en el Área académica universitaria y su impacto en la gestión estratégica
Authors: Barbisan Romina Maribel , Foutel Mariana 
Published: July 2018

El presente trabajo es el resultado de una investigación sobre los condicionantes que inciden en la toma de decisiones estratégicas del área académica universitaria. A partir de la realización de entrevistas en profundidad a informantes claves de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, la cual constituye el foco de estudio, se ha considerado relevante exponer aquí los resultados de la percepción que tienen los miembros sobre la priorización de tales procesos decisorios. Se analizará a la luz del contexto actual de la Universidad Pública Argentina, del cual emergen múltiples variables situacionales que complejizan y afectan la calidad de la gestión estratégica.El objetivo es poder generar información relevante que contribuya a la mejora en la planificación estratégica de la planta docente y permita optimizar la sostenibilidad de las políticas universitarias. Se pretenderá resaltar la importancia de invertir tiempo en decisiones que tienen un profundo impacto de largo plazo en todos los actores, como así también en establecer lineamientos claros que aseguren el desarrollo integral de la profesión docente.
Survival estimates and outcome predictors for shelter cats with feline panleukopenia virus infection
Authors: Porporato Federico , Horzinek Marian C. , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina , Ferri Filippo , Gerardi Gabriele , Contiero Barbara , Vezzosi Tommaso , Rocchi Paola , Auriemma Edoardo , Lutz Hans , Zini Eric 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine survival estimates and outcome predictors for shelter cats with feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) infection.
DESIGN Retrospective cohort study.
ANIMALS 177 shelter cats with FPV infection.
PROCEDURES Medical records of cats treated for FPV infection from 2011 through 2013 were reviewed to collect information pertaining to signalment; history; results of physical examination, CBC, serum biochemical analysis, and blood gas analysis; and treatments (antimicrobials, antiparasitics, antivirals, antiemetics, analgesics, crystalloid or colloid solutions, and blood products). Survival time and outcome predictors were determined by means of Kaplan-Meier estimation, logistic regression, and mixed-model ANOVA.
RESULTS Median survival time after hospital admission was 3 days; 20.3% (36/177) of cats survived to discharge from the hospital. Risk of nonsurvival was greater in cats with (vs without) signs of lethargy, rectal temperature < 37.9°C (I00.2°F), or low body weight at hospital admission. Lower (vs higher) leukocyte count on days 3,4, and 7 of hospitalization, but not at admission, was associated with nonsurvival. Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, antiparasitics, and maropitant but not interferon-ω were associated with survival, whereas glucose infusion was associated with nonsurvival.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that FPV infection carried a poor prognosis for shelter cats. Several variables measured at admission or during hospitalization were associated with outcome. Remarkably and contrary to the existing literature, leukopenia at admission had no association with outcome, possibly owing to early prevention of complications.