bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strangers in a strange land: Ecological dissimilarity to metatherian carnivores may partly explain early colonization of South America by Cyonasua-group procyonids
Authors: Engelman Russell K. , Croft Darin A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIt was once thought that the endemic carnivorous mammals of South America, the metatherian sparassodonts, were driven extinct by North American carnivorans through competitive exclusion. However, sparassodonts went extinct before most groups of carnivorans entered South America; only the endemic Cyonasua-group procyonids (Cyonasua and Chapalmalania), which immigrated to South America nearly 4 million years earlier than other carnivorans, significantly overlapped with sparassodonts in time. In this study, we examine the functional morphology of the dentition of Cyonasua and Chapalmalania through quantitative analysis to determine the dietary habits of these taxa and the degree to which they may have ecologically overlapped sparassodonts and large predatory Neogene didelphimorphians. We find Cyonasua and Chapalmalania to be more carnivorous than extant procyonids, other than Bassariscus, in agreement with previous studies, but more omnivorous than most other carnivorans and all meat-eating South American metatherians, including sparassodonts. The extreme ecological dissimilarity between Cyonasua-group procyonids and members of the endemic South American predator guild may explain why procyonids were able to successfully establish themselves in South America several million years earlier than most other northern mammals (including all other carnivorans): they moved into a previously unoccupied ecological niche (large omnivore) and avoided direct competition with incumbent native species, a situation similar to that documented in historical cases of biological invasion. The omnivorous diets and climbing/swimming abilities of procyonids may have increased their chances for a successful over-water dispersal relative to other carnivorans, further favoring their successful establishment in South America.
‘A SILENT AND INVISIBLE PRESSURE’: A PANEL DISCUSSION WITH EIGHT JAPANESE WOMEN COMPOSERS
Authors: Morishita Chikako 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOn 27 August 2018, the first Women Composers Meeting (中堅女性作曲家サミット vol. 1) was held at the Social Business Lab in Tokyo as part of the Project PPP Summer Composition Academy. Eight Japanese women composers in their mid-thirties to early forties were invited to speak: Noriko Koide, Yu Kuwabara, Tomoko Momiyama, Chikako Morishita (moderator), Akiko Ushijima, Ai Watanabe, Yukiko Watanabe, and Akiko Yamane. This article is a compilation drawn from their three-hour discussion as well as from the opening and closing dialogues. All conversations were held in Japanese and are here translated for publication by the author with the aid of Michiko Saiki.
How is mindreading really like reading?
Authors: Apperly Ian A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
I suggest an alternative basis for Heyes’ analogy between cultural learning of mindreading and text reading. Unlike text reading, mindreading does not entail decoding of observable stimuli. Like text reading, mindreading requires relevant inferences. Identification of relevant inferences is a deeply challenging problem, and the most important contribution of cultural learning to mindreading may be an apprenticeship in thinking like a mindreader.
The wealth of the Swedish peasant farmer class (1750–1900): composition and distribution
Authors: Bengtsson Erik , Svensson Patrick 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing about 1,730 probate inventories, this article studies the wealth of peasant farmers in Sweden for the years 1750, 1800, 1850 and 1900. Average wealth grew rapidly, tripling over the nineteenth century, but it did not grow equally: the Gini coefficient for the farmers’ wealth grew from 0.46 in 1750 to 0.73 in 1900. Farmers who lived close to the major grain markets in Stockholm and the mining district of Bergslagen were wealthier than others, as were farmers on fertile plains and, in 1900, those living in coastal areas. Increased market access – in terms of cities and foreign demand – meant that farmers well placed in terms of geography and infrastructure benefited much more than farmers on what became the periphery. The diversity of farmers’ wealth grew, as did their financial sophistication.
The first peasant and his fellow travellers: state control over Greek agricultural institutions under Metaxas
Authors: Panagiotopoulos Dimitris , Carmona-Zabala Juan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractState control over Greece’s agricultural institutions increased during Metaxas’s authoritarian regime (1936–41). Analysing such state control allows us to address, in the Greek context, two questions with regard to fascist agrarian regimes. First, considering the trajectory of agricultural policy before the emergence of these regimes, how much of what they did was new, and how much was not? Second, how did the cadres of agricultural specialists participate in, or at least accommodate, the new regimes? Our research shows that Metaxas received support from the agronomists who had been active in Greece under previous liberal administrations. Such support did not take the form of laudatory statements or ideology-driven activism. It was rather a discreet acceptance of the new circumstances, combined with defection from one’s previous political camp. Metaxas’s dictatorship inherited most traits that made it a fascist agricultural regime from previous liberal administrations.
Punishing paupers? Control, discipline and mental health in the Southwell workhouse (1836–71)
Authors: Carter Paul , James Jeff , King Steve 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article focuses on the way that staff and guardians in the rural Nottinghamshire workhouse of Southwell sought to exert control and containment over pauper inmates. Fusing together local and central records for the period 1834–71, including locally held punishment books and correspondence at The National Archives, Kew (TNA), we argue that the notional power of the workhouse authorities was heavily shaded. Most paupers most of the time did not find their behaviour heavily and clumsily controlled. Rather, staff focused their attention in terms of detecting and punishing disorderly behaviour on a small group of long-term and often mentally ill paupers whose actions might create enmities or spiral into larger conflicts and dissent in the workhouse setting. Both inmates and those under threat of workhouse admission would have seen or heard about punishment of ‘the usual characters’. This has important implications for how we understand the intent and experience of the New Poor Law up to the formation of the Local Government Board (LGB) in 1871.
Saving the nation from starvation: the heroic age of food control, June 1917 to July 1918
Authors: Martin John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe civilian food shortages and accompanying malnutrition that characterised the latter stages of the First World War were instrumental in fundamentally changing the course of European history. In Russia, food shortages were a key underlying factor in precipitating the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, while in Germany, food shortages led to the so-called ‘turnip winter’ of 1917, which effectively helped to undermine commitment to the war effort and contribute to the country’s defeat. In spite of Britain’s precarious dependence on imported food, and the shipping losses inflicted by German U-boats, the population was less badly affected. This achievement has been attributed to the work undertaken by Lord Rhondda, the second food controller, whose actions were characterised as the ‘heroic age of food control’. This article uses evidence from official government reports, newspapers and diaries, memoirs and biographies to challenge the prevailing historiography about the success of food control measures in Britain during the First World War. It shows that the Ministry of Food under Lord Rhondda’s period of tenureship was not only indecisive, but that efforts to save the nation from malnutrition, if not actual starvation, were in large part the result of initiatives implemented at the local level.
On the Chromatic Number of Matching Kneser Graphs
Authors: Alishahi Meysam , Hossein Hajiabolhassan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn an earlier paper, the present authors (2015) introduced thealtermatic numberof graphs and used Tucker’s lemma, an equivalent combinatorial version of the Borsuk–Ulam theorem, to prove that the altermatic number is a lower bound for chromatic number. A matching Kneser graph is a graph whose vertex set consists of all matchings of a specified size in a host graph and two vertices are adjacent if their corresponding matchings are edge-disjoint. Some well-known families of graphs such as Kneser graphs, Schrijver graphs and permutation graphs can be represented by matching Kneser graphs. In this paper, unifying and generalizing some earlier works by Lovász (1978) and Schrijver (1978), we determine the chromatic number of a large family of matching Kneser graphs by specifying their altermatic number. In particular, we determine the chromatic number of these matching Kneser graphs in terms of the generalized Turán number of matchings.
The sociology of individuality and the history of urban society
Authors: Föllmer Moritz 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article explores the role of individuality in Europe's urban past. In so doing, it builds on Georg Simmel's famous article ‘The metropolis and mental life’ as well as recent work especially by Bernard Lahire, Niklas Luhmann and Uwe Schimank. The article brings out key sociological insights and links them to a range of studies by urban historians, which are thus revisited from a fresh angle. The focus is on three key dimensions of the modern city: first, sites of social and cultural life; secondly, politics and government; thirdly, non-humans such as material objects, animals and natural elements.
Accessing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits to perform emergent interventional cardiac catheterisation
Authors: Góreczny Sebastian , McLennan Daniel , Morgan Gareth J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCardiac catheterisation in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) may reveal new information leading to modification of a therapeutic plan and correction of newly recognised or residual lesions. Complications associated with cardiac catheterisation during ECMO are not uncommon and often related to the access site. We report a straightforward technique for accessing the ECMO circuit to perform an emergent cardiac catheterisation in two patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome decompensated after Norwood I, due to presumed systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt obstruction.
Reliability and validity of an FFQ for South American children and adolescents from the SAYCARE study
Authors: Rendo-Urteaga Tara , Saravia Luisa , Sadalla Collese Tatiana , Monsalve-Alvarez Julia María , González-Zapata Laura Inés , Tello Florencia , Martínez-Oliván Beatriz , Torres-Leal Francisco Leonardo , Moreno Luis A , De Moraes Augusto César Ferreira , Carvalho Heráclito Barbosa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study was to analyse the reliability and validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ to assess food group consumption in South American children and adolescents.Design:The SAYCARE (South American Youth/Child cARdiovascular and Environmental) study is an observational, multicentre, feasibility study performed in a sample of 3- to 18-year-old children and adolescents attending private and public schools from six South American countries. Participants answered the FFQ twice with a two-week interval and three 24-h dietary recalls. Intraclass and Spearman’s correlations, weighted Cohen’s kappa (κw), percentage of agreement and energy-adjusted Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated.Setting:Seven cities in South America (Buenos Aires, Lima, Medelin, Montevideo, Santiago, Sao Paulo and Teresina).Subjects:A sample of 200 children and 244 adolescents for reliability analyses and 252 children and 244 adolescents for validity analyses were included.Results:Depending on the food group, for children and adolescents, reliability analyses resulted in Spearman’s coefficients from 0·47 to 0·73, intraclass correlation coefficients from 0·66 to 0·99, κw coefficients from 0·35 to 0·63, and percentage of agreement between 72·75 and 83·52 %. In the same way, validity analyses resulted in Spearman’s coefficients from 0·17 to 0·37, energy-adjusted Pearson’s coefficients from 0·17 to 0·61, κw coefficients from 0·09 to 0·24, and percentages of agreement between 45·79 and 67·06 %.Conclusion:The SAYCARE FFQ achieved reasonable reliability and slight-moderate validity for almost all food groups intakes. Accordingly, it can be used for the purpose of ranking the intake of individuals within a population.
Property rights and domestication
Authors: Lueck Dean , Torrens Gustavo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper combines the property rights approach of Barzel with models from renewable resource and evolutionary economics to examine the domestication of wild animals. Wild animals are governed by weak property rights to stocks and individuals while domesticated animals are governed by private ownership of stocks and individuals. The complex evolutionary process of domestication can be viewed as a conversion of wild populations into private property, as well as a transition from natural selection to economic selection controlled by owners of populations and individuals. In our framework domestication is not the explicit goal of any economic agent, but it emerges as a long-run outcome of an innovation in hunting strategies in a hunter–gatherer society. Our formal model also suggests that the domestication process moves slowly at first but then proceeds rapidly, and is aligned with the archeological evidence on domestication events.
The Role of Positive and Negative Affectivity in Healthy and	Unhealthy Work-Related Behavior and Experiences
Authors: Hofmann Hanna , Kohlmann Carl-Walter 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Positive affectivity (PA) and negative affectivity (NA) are basic traits that affect work-related perceptions and behaviors and should be considered in any assessment of these variables. A quite common method to assess healthy or unhealthy types of work-related perceptions and behaviors is the questionnaire on Work-Related Coping Behavior and Experience Patterns (WCEP). However, the association of PA and NA with WCEP remained unclear. In a sample of teachers, physiotherapists, and teacher students ( N = 745; Mage = 35.07, SD = 12.49; 78% females), we aimed to identify the relevance of these basic traits. After controlling for age, gender, and type of occupation, we found main effects of PA and NA, with the specific combination of PA and NA being decisive for predicting the assignment to a WCEP type. The results highlight the need to include PA and NA in future assessments with the WCEP questionnaire.
Migrating Scarps as a Significant Driver for Cometary Surface Evolution
Authors: Birch S. P. D. , Hayes A. G. , Umurhan O. M. , Tang Y. , Vincent J.‐B. , Oklay N. , Bodewits D. , Davidsson B. , Marschall R. , Soderblom J. M. , Moore J. M. , Corlies P. M. , Squyres S. W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRosetta observations of 67P/Churyumov‐Gerasimenko (67P) reveal that most changes occur in the fallback‐generated smooth terrains, vast deposits of granular material blanketing the comet's northern hemisphere. These changes express themselves both morphologically and spectrally across the nucleus, yet we lack a model that describes their formation and evolution. Here we present a self‐consistent model that thoroughly explains the activity and mass loss from Hapi's smooth terrains. Our model predicts the removal of dust via reradiated solar insolation localized within depression scarps that are substantially more ice rich than previously expected. We couple our model with numerous Rosetta observations to thoroughly capture the seasonal erosion of Hapi's smooth terrains, where local scarp retreat gradually removes the uppermost dusty mantle. As sublimation‐regolith interactions occur on rocky planets, comets, icy moons, and Kuiper belt objects, our coupled model and observations provide a foundation for future understanding of the myriad of sublimation‐carved worlds.
Recovery Timescales of the Dayside Martian Magnetosphere to IMF Variability
Authors: Romanelli N. , DiBraccio G. , Modolo R. , Leblanc F. , Espley J. , Gruesbeck J. , Halekas J. , Mcfadden J. , Jakosky B. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this work we revisit an event observed by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution MissioN in the solar wind where the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) rotates around the Mars‐Sun axis during ∼6 min. Based on a time‐dependent LATMOS Hybrid Simulation, we determine recovery timescales of the dayside Martian magnetosphere normalized by the IMF variability timescale. Particularly, we find that such recovery timescales range between 8 s and 11 min for an ∼90° IMF rotation that lasted 50 s (observed as part of the 6‐min time interval), depending on the considered magnetospheric region. We also find that the O+ plume recovery timescales range between 40 and 120 s, taking greater values for further downstream distances (at least up to 1RM downstream from the terminator plane). This range is on the order of the magnetosheath O+ gyroperiod, showing the kinetic nature of the plume recovery process.
The Moment Duration Scaling Relation for Slow Rupture Arises From Transient Rupture Speeds
Authors: Thøgersen Kjetil , Andersen Sveinsson Henrik , Scheibert Julien , Renard François , Malthe‐Sørenssen Anders 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe relation between seismic moment and earthquake duration for slow rupture follows a different power law exponent than subshear rupture. The origin of this difference in exponents remains unclear. Here, we introduce a minimal one‐dimensional Burridge‐Knopoff model which contains slow, subshear, and supershear rupture and demonstrate that different power law exponents occur because the rupture speed of slow events contains long‐lived transients. Our findings suggest that there exists a continuum of slip modes between the slow and fast slip end‐members but that the natural selection of stress on faults can cause less frequent events in the intermediate range. We find that slow events on one‐dimensional faults follow
with transition to
for longer systems or larger prestress, while the subshear events follow
. The model also predicts a supershear scaling relation
. Under the assumption of radial symmetry, the generalization to two‐dimensional fault planes compares well with observations.
Observing Oblique Slip During Rift Linkage in Northern Afar
Authors: La Rosa Alessandro , Pagli Carolina , Keir Derek , Sani Federico , Corti Giacomo , Wang Hua , Possee Daniel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExtensional plate boundaries are segmented by offsets that transfer extension between the ends of adjacent portions of the rift by linkage zones ranging in width from a few tens of kilometers to several hundreds of kilometers. However, the kinematics of linkage zones is poorly constrained as direct observations are difficult to make. Here we combine InSAR, seismicity, and structural geology data from the Afar rift to show that an active linkage zone currently connects the two offset Erta Ale and Tat Ali segments. The overall right‐lateral shear between the segments is accommodated primarily by oblique left‐lateral slip along faults subparallel to the rift segments but an active conjugate fault system with right‐lateral slip is also present. Our results provide the first direct observational evidence that offset rift segments during continental breakup can be linked by a shear zone composed of a conjugate set of oblique slip faults.
Finding the Normal Direction of Interplanetary Directional Discontinuities—A New Scheme
Authors: Yang Y.‐H. , Chao J. K. , Yang L. , Li Q. H. , Wu D. J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDirectional discontinuities (DDs) are common structures in the interplanetary space. Correctly determining the normal of a DD is important to understand the changes of phase fronts of magnetic fields adjacent to a discontinuity as well as helpful for the applications in many regimes of space physics research. In this work, we propose a new scheme to estimate the normal directions of DDs by finding the smallest standard deviation of normal magnetic fields derived from the cross product of magnetic fields on both sides of the discontinuity, based on the idea that the phase fronts of the adjacent magnetic fields are closely parallel to the DD plane. By comparing with the normal direction determined from Cluster multiple spacecraft, we show that our scheme can provide the same accuracy as that from the multispacecraft estimation. Moreover, our scheme gives a consistent result of normal estimations at different Cluster spacecraft. We notice that in some cases, the normal directions derived from the minimum variance analysis have large differences between those of multispacecraft method and our scheme implying significant influence of the kinetic effect of particles in the transition region of the discontinuity. A few events of STEREO B observations are further studied to show that our scheme can be applied to DDs in single‐spacecraft measurements with even small rotation of magnetic fields across the discontinuities. With the help of an accurate normal estimation, we can understand the variations of magnetic field phase fronts in the vicinity of discontinuities.
Long‐Term Evolution of Nontransform Discontinuities at the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, 24°N–27°30′N
Authors: Zheng Tingting , Tucholke Brian E. , Lin Jian 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe studied long‐term evolution of nontransform discontinuities (NTDs) on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge from 0‐ to ~20‐ to 25‐Ma crust using plate reconstructions of multibeam bathymetry, long‐range HMR1 sidescan sonar, residual mantle Bouguer gravity anomaly (RMBA), and gravity‐derived crustal thickness. NTDs have propagated north and south with respect to flowlines of relative plate motion and both rapidly and slowly compared to the half spreading rate; at times they have been quasi‐stable. Fast, short‐term (<2 Myr) propagation is driven by reduced magma supply (increased tectonic extension) in the propagating ridge tip when NTD ridge‐axis offsets are small (≲5 km). Propagation at larger offsets generally is slower and longer term. These NTDs can show classic structures of rift propagation including inner and outer pseudofaults and crustal blocks transferred between ridge flanks by discontinuous jumps of the propagating ridge tip. In all cases crustal transfer occurs within the NTD valley. Aside from ridge‐axis offset, the evolution of NTDs appears to be controlled by three factors: (1) gross volume and distribution of magma supplied to ridge segments as controlled by 3‐D heterogeneities in mantle fertility and/or dynamic upwelling; this controls fundamental ridge segmentation. (2) The lithospheric plumbing system through which magma is delivered to the crust. (3) The consequent focusing of tectonic extension in magma‐poor parts of spreading segments, typically at segment ends, which can drive propagation. We also observe long‐wavelength (5‐10 Myr) RMBA asymmetry between the conjugate ridge flanks, and we attribute this to asymmetric distribution of density anomalies in the upper mantle.