bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fecal coliform concentrations in effluent from ultraviolet disinfection units installed in onsite wastewater treatment systems
Authors: Jackson Meagan R. , Meschke John Scott , Simmons Jeremy , Isaksen Tania Busch 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Ultraviolet disinfection (UVD) units enhance onsite sewage systems (OSSs) in areas where conventional treatment is limited by site characteristics. Although UVD units are efficacious under testing conditions, few studies have considered their effectiveness when installed. This study used a mixed-methods approach to examine UVD unit effluent quality and determine the association between UV bulb status and fecal coliform levels. Samples from UVD units and pump chambers were tested for bacterial and physiochemical parameters. Field data were supplemented with data from retrospective compliance samples. A multivariate Tobit regression model predicted that the geometric mean (GM) fecal coliform concentration was 122% higher when the UV bulb was deficient than when it was not deficient, adjusted for other OSS deficiencies (95% CI: 36–428, p-value &lt;0.001). The predicted GM fecal coliform concentration in malfunctioning UVD unit effluent (745 CFU/100 mL) exceeded field compliance standards (400 CFU/100 mL), and the odds of exceedance were 7.48 times higher when the UV bulb was deficient, adjusted for other OSS deficiencies (95% CI: 4.03–13.9, p-value &lt;0.001). Despite limitations in the characterization of UV dose, the results validate the importance of UVD units to reduce bacterial loads and the need for further research into their field effectiveness.
Protealysin is not Secreted Constitutively
Authors: Chukhontseva Ksenia N. , Salnikov Vadim V. , Morenkov Oleg S. , Kostrov Sergey V. , Demidyuk Ilya V. 
Published: December 2018

Background:Protealysin, a zinc metalloprotease of Serratia proteamaculans, is the prototype of a new group within the peptidase family M4. Protealysin-like proteases (PLPs) are widely spread in bacteria but are also found in fungi and archaea. The biological functions of PLPs have not been well studied, but published data showed the involvement of enzymes of this group in the interaction of bacteria with higher organisms, and most likely in the pathogenesis. Such functionality requires the release of the proteases from bacterial cells; however, the data on the cellular localization of PLPs are contradictory and no direct data of this kind have been published. </P><P> Objective: Here, the protealysin cellular localization was studied for the first time using immunochemical methods. </P><P> Methods and Results: We have produced polyclonal rabbit antibodies against the protealysin precursor. The enzyme was evaluated in cells and medium of periodic culture of S. proteamaculans 94 using Western blotting as well as the enzyme localization was analysed by immunoelectron microscopy. It was shown that more than 99% of the enzyme is in a cell-associated form. Protealysin is accumulated in cells as an inactive precursor. It matures only after the release from cells (after their lysis). Immunoelectron microscopy analysis of bacterial cells has revealed no specific localization of protealysin; it was evenly distributed in the cytoplasm.Conclusion:The data obtained suggest that S. proteamaculans protealysin and supposedly other protealysin-like proteases are not secreted constitutively and their release from bacteria is likely induced by a certain stimulus such as a contact with a eukaryotic cell. This finding is critical for further studies of the involvement of these enzymes in pathogenesis.
Chemical Generation of Hydroxyl Radical for Oxidative ‘Footprinting’
Authors: Leser Micheal , Chapman Jessica R. , Khine Michelle , Pegan Jonathan , Law Matt , Makkaoui Mohammed El , Ueberheide Beatrix M. , Brenowitz Michael 
Published: December 2018

Background:For almost four decades, hydroxyl radical chemically generated by Fenton chemistry has been a mainstay for the oxidative ‘footprinting’ of macromolecules.Objective:In this article, we start by reviewing the application of chemical generation of hydroxyl radical to the development of oxidative footprinting of DNA and RNA and the subsequent application of the method to oxidative footprinting of proteins. We next discuss a novel strategy for generating hydroxyl radicals by Fenton chemistry that immobilizes catalytic iron on a solid surface (Pyrite Shrink Wrap laminate) for the application of nucleic acid and protein footprinting.Method:Pyrite Shrink-Wrap Laminate is fabricated by depositing pyrite (Fe-S2, aka ‘fool’s gold’) nanocrystals onto thermolabile plastic (Shrinky Dink). The laminate can be thermoformed into a microtiter plate format into which samples are deposited for oxidation.Results:We demonstrate the utility of the Pyrite Shrink-Wrap Laminate for the chemical generation of hydroxyl radicals by mapping the surface of the T-cell co-stimulatory protein Programmed Death – 1 (PD-1) and the interface of the complex with its ligand PD-L1.Conclusion:We have developed and validated an affordable and reliable benchtop method of hydroxyl radical generation that will broaden the application of protein oxidative footprinting. Due to the minimal equipment required to implement this method, it should be easily adaptable by many laboratories with access to mass spectrometry.
Unlocking the Potential of HK2 in Cancer Metabolism and Therapeutics
Authors: Garcia Sara N. , Guedes Rita C. , Marques M. Matilde 
Published: December 2018

:Glycolysis is a tightly regulated process in which several enzymes, such as Hexokinases (HKs), play crucial roles. Cancer cells are characterized by specific expression levels of several isoenzymes in different metabolic pathways and these features offer possibilities for therapeutic interventions. Overexpression of HKs (mostly of the HK2 isoform) have been consistently reported in numerous types of cancer. Moreover, deletion of HK2 has been shown to decrease cancer cell proliferation without explicit side effects in animal models, which suggests that targeting HK2 is a viable strategy for cancer therapy. HK2 inhibition causes a substantial decrease of glycolysis that affects multiple pathways of central metabolism and also destabilizes the mitochondrial outer membrane, ultimately enhancing cell death. Although glycolysis inhibition has met limited success, partly due to low selectivity for specific isoforms and excessive side effects of the reported HK inhibitors, there is ample ground for progress.:The current review is focused on HK2 inhibition, envisaging the development of potent and selective anticancer agents. The information on function, expression, and activity of HKs is presented, along with their structures, known inhibitors, and reported effects of HK2 ablation/inhibition. The structural features of the different isozymes are discussed, aiming to stimulate a more rational approach to the design of selective HK2 inhibitors with appropriate drug-like properties. Particular attention is dedicated to a structural and sequence comparison of the structurally similar HK1 and HK2 isoforms, aiming to unveil differences that could be explored therapeutically. Finally, several additional catalytic- and non-catalytic roles on different pathways and diseases, recently attributed to HK2, are reviewed and their implications briefly discussed.
Gene-based Therapeutic Tools in the Treatment of Cornea Disease
Authors: Lu Xiao-Xiao , Zhao Shao-Zhen 
Published: December 2018

Background:As one of the main blinding ocular diseases, corneal blindness resulted from neovascularization that disrupts the angiogenic privilege of corneal avascularity. Following neovascularization, inflammatory cells are infiltrating into cornea to strengthen corneal injury. How to maintain corneal angiogenic privilege to treat corneal disease has been investigated for decades.Methodology:Local administration of viral and non-viral-mediated anti-angiogenic factors reduces angiogenic protein expression in situ with limited or free of off-target effects upon gene delivery. Recently, Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been studied to treat corneal diseases. Once MSCs are manipulated to express certain genes of interest, they could achieve superior therapeutic efficacy after transplantation.Discussion:In the text, we first introduce the pathological development of corneal disease in the aspects of neovascularization and inflammation. We summarize how MSCs become an ideal candidate in cell therapy for treating injured cornea, focusing on cell biology, property and features. We provide an updated review of gene-based therapies in animals and preclinical studies in the aspects of controlling target gene expression, safety and efficacy. Gene transfer vectors are potent to induce candidate protein expression. Delivered by vectors, MSCs are equipped with certain characters by expressing a protein of interest, which facilitates better for MSC-mediated therapeutic intervention for the treatment of corneal disease.Conclusion:As the core of this review, we discuss how MSCs could be engineered to be vector system to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficiency after injection.
Down-Regulation of Mir-107 Worsen Spatial Memory by Suppressing SYK Expression and Inactivating NF-ΚB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Hu Wenjie , Wen Lin , Cao Fang , Wang Yexin 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder
in a central nervous system seen.

Objective:
We aimed to study the miR-107 in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology through regulating
SYK and NF-κB signaling pathway.
</P><P>
Method: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to screen NF-κB signaling pathway and differentially
expressed genes. The target relationship between miR-107 and SYK was verified by dual luciferase assay.
QRT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to verify the expression level of miR-107, SYK and NF-
κB signaling pathway related proteins of hippocampus primary neurons. BAY61-3606 and BAY11-7082
were purchased for functional examination. Morris water maze tests were performed to access spatial
memory of AD mice with SYK and NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition. Fluorescence microscope dyeing
experiment investigated the neurons nuclear form and apoptosis.

Results:
MiR-107 was lowly expressed while SYK was highly expressed in Tg19959 mouse model. Luciferase
Assay confirmed the target relationship in miR-107 and SYK. With the inhibition of miR-107,
SYK was up-regulated and the increase of p-p65 and the decrease of p-IκB-α suggested that NF-κB signaling
pathway was activated in vitro. Morris water maze test indicated that the spatial memory of
Tg19959 mice was increased with the treatment. The result of DAPI staining indicated that the inhibition
of SYK or NF-κB signaling pathway reduced the apoptosis of Tg19959 mice neuron cell.

Conclusion:
MiR-107 exerts its effects through suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway and SYK,
the inhibition of SYK and NF-κB signaling pathway can improve spatial memory and suppress cell apoptosis.
Noninvasive Cerebellar Stimulation as a Complement Tool to Pharmacotherapy
Authors: Ferrucci Roberta , Bocci Tommaso , Cortese Francesca , Ruggiero Fabiana , Priori Alberto 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Cerebellar ataxias represent a wide and heterogeneous group of diseases
characterized by balance and coordination disturbance, dysarthria, dyssynergia and adyadococinesia,
caused by a dysfunction in the cerebellum. In recent years there has been growing interest in
discovering therapeutical strategy for specific forms of cerebellar ataxia. Together with pharmacological
studies, there has been growing interest in non-invasive cerebellar stimulation techniques to
improve ataxia and limb coordination. Both transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial
direct current stimulation (tDCS) are non-invasive techniques to modulate cerebro and cerebellar
cortex excitability using magnetic or electric fields.
</P><P>
Methods: Here we aim to review the most relevant studies regarding the application of TMS and
tDCS for the treatment of cerebellar ataxia.

Conclusion:
As pharmacological strategies were shown to be effective in specific forms of cerebellar
ataxia and are not devoid of collateral effects, non-invasive stimulation may represent a promising
strategy to improve residual cerebellar circuits functioning and a complement tool to pharmacotherapy.
Ultrasound Promoted Green Synthesis, Docking Study of Indole Spliced Thiadiazole, α-amino Phosphonates as Anticancer Agents and Antityrosinase Agents
Authors: Nikalje Annapratima G. , Gawhane Pramod A. , Tiwari Shailee V. , Sangshetti Jaiprakash N. , Damale Manoj G. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Regardless of recent advances in the development of clinically authorized anticancer
agents the number of deaths due to cancer is increasing day by day all over the world. The aim of this research
work is to synthesis novel anticancer agents.

Method:
In this work, a new series of diethyl ((1H-indole-3-yl)((5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-yl)amino)
methyl)phosphonate derivatives 6(a-j) were designed and synthesized in Ultrasound by green protocol using
Kabachnik-Fields reaction. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral analysis
such as elemental analyses, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR and mass spectra. The synthesized compounds
6(a-j) were appraised for their in vitro anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines such as SK-MEL-2
(melanoma), IMR-32 (Neuroblastoma), HT-29(Colon) and also on normal murine embryonic fibroblast
NIH/3T3 by Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, using Adriamycin as a standard drug.

Result:
The treatment of SK-MEL-2 cancer cells with 6i showed apoptosis and morphological changes like
cell shrinkage, cell wall deformation and reduced number of viable cells. The synthesized derivatives were also
evaluated for their anti-tyrosinase effect. Nearly all the tested derivatives have been found to be potent
tyrosinase inhibitors.

Conclusion:
Nearly all the compounds were tested, the docking study was performed and indicates that the
compounds have good binding interactions with tyrosine kinase enzyme. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism
and Elimination (ADME) properties of the synthesized compounds were also analyzed which manifested their
potentiality to thrive as good oral drug candidates.
Let-7a Could Serve as A Biomarker for Chemo-Responsiveness to Docetaxel in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Shekari Najibeh , Asghari Faezeh , Haghnavaz Navideh , Shanehbandi Dariush , Khaze Vahid , Baradaran Behzad , Kazemi Tohid 
Published: December 2018

Background:MicroRNAs are noncoding RNAs which play critical roles in response to anti-cancer agents. Let-7a and miR-21 are well-known tumor-suppressor and oncomiR miRNAs, respectively. They are involved in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer and have potential to be used as markers in response to the therapy. Objective: We aimed to study alterations in the expression of Let-7a and miR-21, and their targets in gastric cancer cell lines after treatment with docetaxel.Methods:In order to determine the IC50 of docetaxel, MTT assay was performed in AGS, MKN45 and KATO III gastric cancer cell lines. The expression levels of Let-7a and miR-21 and their target genes, HMGA2 and PDCD4, were determined by reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR for both treated and untreated cell lines.Results:MTT assay showed higher IC50 concentration of docetaxel in KATO III in comparison with AGS and MKN45, indicating KATO III`s higher resistance to docetaxel. Following the treatment, the expression level of Let-7a was significantly increased in AGS and MKN45, while decreased in KATO III. Expression level of miR- 21 in the three treated cell lines was increased significantly. Not only Let-7a, but also expression level of HMGA2 and PDCD4 genes showed different patterns in KATO III in comparison with AGS and MKN45.Conclusion:Down-regulation and up-regulation of Let-7a in docetaxel-resistant and sensitive cell lines, respectively indicates its potential usefulness as biomarker for responsiveness of gastric cancer to the therapy with docetaxel and also for predicting patient`s outcome.
Comunicação e Política: mapeando autores/as e teorias mobilizados no Brasil
Authors: França Vera , Simões Paula Guimarães , Oliveira Ana Karina , Lima Laura , Barroso Lívia , Afonso Maria Lúcia , Lopes Suzana , Bontempo Clara , Pereira Samuel 
Published: December 2018

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar os primeiros resultados de uma pesquisa que busca mapear as teorias e os/as autores/as que alicerçam as pesquisas no campo da Comunicação no Brasil. De forma específica, o artigo enfoca o mapeamento realizado acerca da área Comunicação e Política, tendo em vista os textos apresentados no grupo de trabalho homônimo do evento anual da Compós, em um período de dez anos (2006-2015). A partir dos 99 textos que compõem o corpus, identificamos: os/as autores/as (nacionais e estrangeiros/as) de destaque; os eixos teóricos e conceituais que constituem a perspectiva de cada um/a; e como tais autores/as e abordagens são acionados pelos/as pesquisadores/as do GT.
KAJIAN POTENSI SUMBER DAYA PERKEBUNAN KABUPATEN BATANGHARI
Authors: Artis Dearmi , Zulfanetti Zulfanetti 
Published: December 2018

Salah satu kebijakan ekonomi yang sangat strategis dalam rangka mempercepat laju pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah adalah melalui peningkatan investasi. Peningkatan investasi yang diharapkan dalam menentukan target pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak terlepas dari potensi dan peluang investasi yang dimiliki oleh Kabupaten Batang Hari, diantaranya dibidang perkebunan. Analisis tentang produk atau komoditas unggulan daerah menjadi penting untuk diketahui dan dikaji. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna mengungkap berbagai potensi sumberdaya perkebunan Kabupaten Batanghari yang dapat diandalkan sebagai produk atau komoditas unggulan daerah. Kajian tentang ungulan daerah dalam studi ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan LQ, ARC dan IKP. Penelitian ini diharapkan berguna bagi pengambil kebijakan ataupun bagi kalangan pelaku usaha sebagai salah satu instrumen dalam menentukan langkah investasi terutama dalam sub-sektor perkebunan di Kabupaten Batanghari. Pada akhirnya hasil studi ini diharapkan juga dapat menjadi salah satu pendukung guna percepatan pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Kabapaten Batanghari merupakan salah satu kabupaten yang secara ekonomi sangat potensial dalam pengembangan subsektor perkebunan, terutama komoditas Karet dan Kelapa Sawit. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa dua komoditas ini merupakan komoditas perkebunan andalan dan masih dapat diharapkan menjadi komoditas unggulan perkebunan di Provinsi Jambi. Beberapa masalah dapat menjadi faktor kendala dalam upaya pengembangan dua komoditas ini di masa mendatang, namun tidak dipungkiri bahwa faktor-faktor yang dapat diandalkan menjadi domain pendorong untuk komoditas ini berkembang secara ekonomi di masa yang akan datang tetap akan menjadi variabel yang menguntungkan. Apalagi kalau para pemangku kepentingan di daerah ini dapat menjawab dan menyelesaikan beberapa hal yang potensial menjadi faktor penghambat tumbuh kembangnya sektor perkebunan di wilayah ini.
ANALISIS DETERMINAN SOSIAL EKONOMI PERJALANAN WISATA PENDUDUK DALAM RANGKA PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI PARIWISATA DI PROVINSI JAMBI
Authors: Amril Amril , Yulmardi Yulmardi , Hardiani Hardiani 
Published: December 2018

Provinsi Jambi adalah satu daerah di Indonesia dengan potensi kepariwisataan yang relatif beragam. Agar potensi kepariwisataan tersebut dapat berkembang menjadi industri pariwisata yang mampu mendukung pembangunan daerah, maka pemerintah daerah dan stakeholder kepariwisataan terkait perlu memahami berbagai aspek baik karakteristik wisatawan maupun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perjalanan wisata dari masyarakat. Hal ini bertujuan agar dalam menyusun strategi kepariwisataannya dapat lebih efektif menarik wisatawan melakukan perjalanan ke objek-objek wisata di Provinsi Jambi. Untuk menganalisis karakteristik perjalanan penduduk, dan karakteristik individu wisatawan dilakukan secara deskriptif melalui pengolahan “raw data” Susenas Provinsi Jambi Tahun 2015. Untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perjalanan wisata penduduk digunakan model regresi binary logistik. Hasil penelitian menemukan: 1). Secara umum, aktivitas perjalanan penduduk di Provinsi Jambi masih relatif rendah. Hanya 14,14 persen dari total penduduk yang pernah melakukan perjalanan dalam enam bulan terakhir dari saat pencacahan SUSENAS 2016; 2) Selain rendahnya aktivitas perjalanan tersebut, aktivitas perjalanan untuk wisata juga masih relatif terbatas. Hanya 17,79 persen dari total penduduk yang melakukan perjalanan, yang maksud utamanya untuk berwisata; 3) Objek tujuan wisata penduduk Provinsi Jambi didominasi oleh objek wisata yang ada di Provinsi Jambi sendiri, selain objek wisata yang ada di provinsi-provinsi yang berdekatan yaitu Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Barat dan Bengkulu; 4). Karakteristik perjalanan wisata penduduk di Provinsi Jambi adalah perjalanan wisata keluarga, sehingga dari karakteristiknya terlihat bahwa relatif dominannya anak-anak dan orang tua dalam melakukan perjalanan wisata. Sebaliknya, relatif sedikitnya penduduk pada usia puncak produksi (20 – 39 tahun) yang melakukan perjalanan wisata; 5) Faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap perjalanan wisata penduduk di Provinsi Jambi adalah umur, pendidikan dan status dalam keluarga. Selain itu, terdapat perbedaan probabilita perjalanan penduduk untuk wisata antara kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jambi.
Administrasi Pemerintahan Daerah: Kota Sungai Penuh Pada Masa Otonomi Daerah
Authors: Vornika Megi 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini berawal dari pembentukan Kota Sungai Penuh menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2008 tentang pembentukan Kota Sungai Penuh. Undang-Undang tersebut belum sepenuhnya diindahkan sebagaimana yang tertuang dalamnya. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan perkembangan Kota Sungai Penuh pada masa Otonomi Daerah dari tahun 2008 sampai dengan tahun 2014. Tujuan penelitian adalah: Pertama, mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur dan struktur pemerintahan Kota Sungai Penuh. Kedua, menganalisis perkembangan wilayah administratif pemerintahan Kota Sungai Penuh. Tulisan ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah. Adapun tahap-tahap yang harus ditempuh dalam metode sejarah adalah: 1) Heuristik; (2) Kritik Sumber; (3) Interpretasi; dan sebagai seorang peneliti yang baik (objektif), peneliti menuangkan penulisan penelitian tersebut ke tahap empat (4) Historiografi dalam bentuk tesis. Data penelitian diperoleh dengan cara mengumpulkan dokumentasi yang relevansi, kebijakan tata pemerintahan Kota Sungai Penuh melalui Kajian isi (content analysis) dan wawancara dengan informan penelitian tertentu, yang paham dengan hal tersebut. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perkembangan dalam Administrasi Pemerintahan Daerah Kota Sungai Penuh pada masa Otonomi Daerah tahun 2008 s/d. 2014. Interegnum pejabat pemerintah Kota Sungai Penuh, mengalami perkembangan dalam dua periode pemerintahan Walikota Kota Sungai Penuh. Pada tahun 2008 samapai dengan tahun 2011 dipimpin oleh tiga kali masa jabatan walikota sementara dan tahun 2012 Walikota Kota Sungai Penuh Asafri Jaya Bakri menetapkan Lembar Daerah Kota Sungai Penuh Nomor 18, 19, 20, 21 Tahun 2012 di Sungai Penuh pada tanggal 27 Desember 2012. Undang-Undang Nomor 25 Tahun 2008 sangat jelas sekali menjadi pedoman dan dasar pembentukan Kota Sungai Penuh. Dari tahun 2008 hingga tahun 2012 sudah lebih kurang lima tahun jalannya Pemerintah Kota Sungai Penuh sebagai daerah kota otonom. Perubahan tersebut yaitu: Pertama, Segi Unsur dan struktur pemerintah. Kedua, Perkembangan wilayah administrasi Kota Sungai Penuh. Untuk kedepannya harus mempedomani Undang-undang dan mempertimbangkan kesiapan dalam berbagai kebijakan (wisdom) pemerintahan Kota Sungai Penuh dengan kemampuan administrasi daerahnya sehingga visi dan misi pencapaian tujuan bisa terealisasi secara efisien dan efektif.