bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Printable High‐Aspect Ratio and High‐Resolution Cu Grid Flexible Transparent Conductive Film with Figure of Merit over 80 000
Authors: Chen Xiaolian , Nie Shuhong , Guo Wenrui , Fei Fei , Su Wenming , Gu Weibing , Cui Zheng 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFigure of merit (FOM), the ratio of electrical conductance to optical transparency, is an important metric to evaluate transparent conductive film (TCF). The conductivity of commonly used flexible TCF such as indium tin oxide is generally limited and their FOM is lower than 300. In this study, a high‐performance copper (Cu) metal‐mesh TCF with the highest FOM ever reported, up to 8 × 104, is fabricated through an additive manufacturing process of blading a silver seed layer and selective electroplating of Cu. With this strategy, Cu metallic lines completely constrained in roll‐to‐roll imprinted microgrooves achieve high aspect ratio of 2 with 4 µm width and 8 µm depth, which has very clean and smooth edges. This embedded Cu metal mesh exhibits an ultralow sheet resistance down to 0.03 Ω □−1 at 86% optical transmittance. It is demonstrated that the Cu metal mesh has remarkable mechanical flexibility, high environmental stability at high temperature and humidity, and durability over repeated heating cycles. The Cu metal mesh is employed as a flexible transparent heater to attach to the windshield of a car, showing rapid heating at low voltage and effective removal of snow.
Synthetisch hergestellte, transient thermoresponsive Homopolymere mit einer oberen kritischen Lösungstemperatur für physiologisch relevante Anwendungen
Authors: Zhang Zhiyue , Li Hui , Kasmi Sabah , Van Herck Simon , Deswarte Kim , Lambrecht Bart N. , Hoogenboom Richard , Nuhn Lutz , De Geest Bruno G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInteraktive Materialien, die auf einen Trigger hin ihre Morphologie ändern, aber sich genauso allmählich in völlig lösliche Komponenten zersetzen, können als attraktive Bausteine für eine neue Generation an Biomaterialien Anwendung finden. In dieser Arbeit stellen wir transient thermoresponsive Polymere vor, die eine obere kritische Lösungstemperatur (UCST) besitzen, aber graduell diese Eigenschaft nach Hydrolyse der Polymerseitenkette verlieren. Dabei können die Polymere ihre Morphologie und Löslichkeit unter physiologisch relevanten Bedingungen (Temperatur, pH, Ionenstärke) ändern. Während solches Verhalten zuvor bereits für Systeme mit einer unteren kritischen Lösungstemperatur (LCST) beschrieben wurde, blieb dies für UCST‐Polymere lange Zeit unerforscht. In dieser Arbeit zeigen wir, dass solche UCST‐Polymere im Gegensatz zu LCST‐Polymeren in wässriger Umgebung unterhalb ihrer kritischen Lösungstemperatur Koazervate ausbilden, in die sowohl ein hydrophiles Modellprotein als auch ein hydrophober Farbstoff eingelagert werden können. Wegen ihrer geringen Toxizität ist uns in vivo der Nachweis für die Einsetzbarkeit der Koazervate als Depots für Proteine, die über einen längeren Zeitraum hin freigesetzt werden, gelungen.
MOF‐on‐MOF: Oriented Growth of Multiple Layered Thin Films of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ikigaki Ken , Okada Kenji , Tokudome Yasuaki , Toyao Takashi , Falcaro Paolo , Doonan Christian J. , Takahashi Masahide 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe precise alignment of multiple layers of metal–organic framework (MOF) thin films, or MOF‐on‐MOF films, over macroscopic length scales is presented. The MOF‐on‐MOF films are fabricated by epitaxially matching the interface. The first MOF layer (Cu2(BPDC)2, BPDC=biphenyl‐4,4′‐dicarboxylate) is grown on an oriented Cu(OH)2 film by a “one‐pot” approach. Aligned second (Cu2(BDC)2, BDC=benzene 1,4‐dicarboxylate, or Cu2(BPYDC)2, BPYDC=2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylate) MOF layers can be deposited using liquid‐phase epitaxy. The co‐orientation of the MOF films is confirmed by X‐ray diffraction. Importantly, our strategy allows for the synthesis of aligned MOF films, for example, Cu2(BPYDC)2, that cannot be grown on a Cu(OH)2 surface. We show that aligned MOF films furnished with Ag nanoparticles show a unique anisotropic plasmon resonance. Our MOF‐on‐MOF approach expands the chemistry of heteroepitaxially oriented MOF films and provides a new toolbox for multifunctional porous coatings.
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Powerful Platform for Noble‐Metal Nanocluster Analysis
Authors: Chen Tiankai , Yao Qiaofeng , Nasaruddin Ricca Rahman , Xie Jianping 
Published: March 2019

AbstractElectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) is an analytical technique that measures the mass of a sample through “soft” ionization. Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth of its application in noble‐metal nanocluster (NC) analysis. ESI‐MS is able to provide the mass of a noble‐metal NC analyte for the analysis of their composition (n, m, q values in a general formula [MnLm]q), which is crucial in understanding their properties. This review attempts to present various developed techniques for the determination of the composition of noble metal NCs by ESI‐MS. Additionally, advanced applications that use ESI‐MS to further understand the reaction mechanism, complexation behavior, and structure of noble metal NCs are introduced. From the comprehensive applications of ESI‐MS on noble‐metal NCs, more possibilities in nanochemistry can be opened up by this powerful technique.
Hydrogen Peroxide Assisted Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Sulfur Quantum Dots
Authors: Wang Henggang , Wang Zhenguang , Xiong Yuan , Kershaw Stephen V. , Li Tianzi , Wang Yue , Zhai Yongqing , Rogach Andrey L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAn H2O2‐assisted top‐down approach is used to synthesize brightly luminescent, color‐tunable sulfur quantum dots (SQDs), with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 23 %. The formation of SQDs involves dissolution of bulk sulfur powder into small particles in an alkaline environment in the presence of polyethylene glycol, followed by H2O2‐assisted etching of polysulfide species, which has the advantage of the passivation of surface states. This synthetic strategy allows us to simultaneously control the final size of SQDs, to tune their emission color, and to improve their emission quantum yield by eliminating surface traps. Down‐conversion white light emitting diodes were also fabricated using blue emissive SQDs and orange emissive copper nanoclusters, with CIE color coordinates of (0.33, 0.32) and a high color rendering index of 91. The water‐soluble, highly luminescent SQDs are promising luminescent materials that can be produced from abundant precursor materials.
Promotional effect of acidic oxide on catalytic activity and N2 selectivity over CeO2 for selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3
Authors: Song Zhongxian , Liu Pan , Fu Yongmei , Liu Hongpan , Huang Zhenzhen , Kang Haiyan , Mao Yanli , Liu Biao , Guo Yifei 
Published: March 2019

The CeO2, CeO2‐ZrO2 and CeO2‐WO3 catalysts were prepared by hydrothermal method and used to the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3. The addition of ZrO2 or WO3 into CeO2 was favorable for pore structure, and then improved the number of active sites. Besides, the introduction of ZrO2 into CeO2 could improve the Lewis acid sites while WO3 could contribute to the generation of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites, which could improve the catalytic performance and N2 selectivity. The CeO2‐WO3 catalyst exhibited optimal catalytic activity with above 90% NOx conversion performance at 220–425 °C and approximately 100% N2 selectivity at 150–425 °C.
Reduced cortical thickness related to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the major histocompatibility complex region in antipsychotic‐naive schizophrenia
Authors: Tao Bo , Xiao Yuan , Hu Na , Shah Chandan , Liu Lu , Gao Xin , Liu Jieke , Zhang Wenjing , Yao Li , Xu Heng , Hua Jun , Lui Su 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInstructionsThe aim of this study was to explore the relationships between changes in cortical thickness and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region in a group of antipsychotic‐naive schizophrenia (AN‐SCZ) patients.MethodsTwenty‐five AN‐SCZ patients and 51 healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study. General linear models were used to identify associations between the average cortical thicknesses of each brain region (N = 68) and each of the 11 SNPs in the MHC region in the AN‐SCZ patients and HCs. Next, we performed independent‐sample t tests to investigate whether cortical thickness was significantly lower in the AN‐SCZ patients than in HCs in the brain regions that were significantly associated with the SNPs. Finally, we examined the correlations between clinical symptoms and cortical thickness in the above brain areas in the whole AN‐SCZ group using Pearson correlation tests.ResultsSeven of the 11 SNPs within the MHC region were significantly associated with cortical thickness only in the AN‐SCZ patients; these included rs1635, rs1736913, rs2021722, rs204999, rs2523722, rs3131296, and rs9272105. The AN‐SCZ patients had significantly thinner cortical thicknesses in the above brain regions, especially the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, the left entorhinal region was negatively correlated with Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) activation scores in the AN‐SCZ group (r = −0.601, p = 0.03).ConclusionsThis study provides evidence demonstrating the potential effects of MHC risk variants in cortical thickness deficits in AN‐SCZ. These data also support the notion that the immune system plays critical roles in the pathology of schizophrenia, which is mediated via the modulation of the development of cerebral cortical structures.
A nimble organization and a flexible degree program: A term‐based competency‐based education case study
Authors: Herron Joshua , Garland Eleisha 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnderson University began re‐designing one of its online degrees using competency‐based education principles in 2015, using almost 2 years to develop the curriculum and implementation plans. The model is designed with maximum flexibility, letting students choose their path to competency at each course rather than developing both subscription and term models. In the term‐based model that the university uses, students are able to add courses within a term if they finish sooner mid‐session since courses allow for varying paces and paths all aligned to a set of program competencies developed through national standards for the profession and input from the program's advisory board. Investment by the university leadership, a dedicated implementation team, and a nimble organization allowed a successful program launch in fall 2018, overcoming many common barriers cited to achieve the benefits of increased program quality, alignment to competencies, higher retention and completion, and positive enrollment trends.
Highly Efficient Degradation of Perfluorooctanoic Acid over a MnOx‐Modified Oxygen‐Vacancy‐Rich In2O3 Photocatalyst
Authors: Wu Yaoyao , Li Yuqiong , Fang Chihhsiang , Li Chuanhao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDestructive removal of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from water has been an emerging concern, as the C−F bond cleavage requires energy‐consuming advanced oxidation approaches. The conventional photocatalyst materials exhibit insufficient PFAS degradation due to either a weak absorption ability towards PFASs or a limited reaction oxygen species (ROS) generation. Herein, In2O3, which has an excellent absorption ability towards perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), is chosen as the main catalyst materials. Oxygen vacancies are then generated on the surface of In2O3 to assist the PFOA adsorption. Further depositions of the MnOx cocatalyst on the surface of In2O3 are performed to enhance the ROS generation efficiency. Based on the above design, the MnOx‐modified oxygen‐vacancy‐rich In2O3 photocatalyst shows a remarkably improved PFOA photodegradation and defluorination efficiencies under the solar light irradiation as compared with the pristine and commercial In2O3. The photodegradation pathway of PFOA is investigated. The experimental results from the PFOA adsorption analysis and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra confirm the enhanced adsorption ability and the higher ROS generation efficiency, respectively. The catalyst is further tested in the presence of different anions and cations, where rapid degradation of PFOA is also observed, indicating the potential of the composite materials applied in the practical treatment of PFAS‐contaminated water.
Stachyonic Acid: A Dengue Virus Inhibitor from Basilicum polystachyon
Authors: Tan Yuen P. , Houston Sevan D. , Modhiran Naphak , Savchenko Andrei I. , Boyle Glen M. , Young Paul R. , Watterson Daniel , Williams Craig M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStachyonic acid A, arising from the first in‐depth phytochemical investigation of the herb Basilicum polystachyon, was found to display potent inhibitory activity against dengue virus, with limited cytotoxicity. Andrographolide, a known dengue virus inhibitor and closely related labdane‐type diterpene, is structurally more complex but displayed poor antiviral activity in the PRNT assay, and increased cytotoxicity in comparison. Furthermore, a Diels–Alder reaction with PTAD identified the active pharmacophore of stachyonic acid to be the conjugated diene.
Total Synthesis of Lajollamycin B
Authors: Nishimaru Tatsuya , Eto Kohei , Komine Keita , Ishihara Jun , Hatakeyama Susumi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe first total synthesis of lajollamycin B, a structurally novel nitro‐tetraene spiro‐β‐lactone/γ‐lactone antibiotic, is described. The convergent synthesis involves the construction of the C8′–C11′ nitrodienylstannane and its coupling with the segment prepared from the C1′–C7′ ω‐iodoheptadienoic acid and the right‐hand heterocyclic fragment, which has been utilized for our previous syntheses of oxazolomycin A. The revision of the geometry of the terminal Δ10′, 11′‐double bond from E to Z is also described for the structure of natural lajollamycin B.
Sulfonimidamides and Imidosulfuric Diamides: Compounds from an Underexplored Part of Biologically Relevant Chemical Space
Authors: Zasukha Sergiy V. , Timoshenko Vadim M. , Tolmachev Andrey A. , Pivnytska Valentyna O. , Gavrylenko Oleksii , Zhersh Serhii , Shermolovich Yuriy , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are Oleksandr Grygorenko and co‐workers at Enamine Ltd., Institute of Organic Chemistry NAS Ukraine, and Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. The image depicts two novel reagents for the synthesis of sulfonimidamides and imidosulfuric diamides. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201900440.
Rapid Photolysis‐Mediated Folding of Disulfide‐Rich Peptides
Authors: Patil Nitin A. , Karas John A. , Wade John D. , Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Tailhades Julien 
Published: March 2019

AbstractStructure–activity relationship studies are a highly time‐consuming aspect of peptide‐based drug development, particularly in the assembly of disulfide‐rich peptides, which often requires multiple synthetic steps and purifications. Therefore, it is vital to develop rapid and efficient chemical methods to readily access the desired peptides. We have developed a photolysis‐mediated “one‐pot” strategy for regioselective disulfide bond formation. The new pairing system utilises two ortho‐nitroveratryl protected cysteines to generate two disulfide bridges in less than one hour in good yield. This strategy was applied to the synthesis of complex disulfide‐rich peptides such as Rho‐conotoxin ρ‐TIA and native human insulin.
A COEUR cohort study of SATB2 expression and its prognostic value in ovarian endometrioid carcinoma
Authors: Le Page Cécile , Köbel Martin , Meunier Liliane , Provencher Diane M , Mes‐Masson Anne‐Marie , Rahimi Kurosh 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the expression of special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein 2 (SATB2) in ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (EC). SATB2 is a nuclear matrix‐associated transcription factor that is associated with abnormal expression in certain cancers but has not been reported for ovarian carcinoma. SATB2 mRNA and protein expression was first assessed in a pilot cohort of 26 samples by Affymetrix microarray and by routine immunohistochemistry on a small tissue microarray. A large multicenter validation cohort representing the well‐characterized cases of 235 ovarian EC from the Canadian Ovarian Experimental Unified Resource (COEUR) was then used to validate this result and to assess the prognostic impact of SATB2 expression. SATB2 staining was scored as negative, weak, moderate, and strong intensity, and by percentage of stained cells. No SATB2 expression was observed in clear cell carcinomas but 10% (n = 3) of the ECs in the pilot cohort showed SATB2 expression. In the validation cohort, strong expression was observed in 11% of ECs, while weak or moderate expression levels were detected in 12% of cases. Evaluation of SATB2 expression with clinicopathological parameters revealed an association with patient age and Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics grade but not with disease stage or postoperative residual disease. Any expression of SATB2, independent of intensity, was also associated with longer survival and improved progression‐free survival with hazard ratio (HR) = 0.14 (95% CI 0.03–0.56) and HR = 0.16 (95% CI 0.02–1.24) respectively. A greater beneficial effect was observed in patients with stage III/IV disease compared to patients with stage I/II disease. Furthermore, direct comparison of SATB2 with other reported prognostic biomarkers such as progesterone receptor, CDX2 and β‐catenin within this cohort showed that SATB2 had the strongest association with survival. Given the current lack of accurate prognostic factors for these patients, SATB2 has promising clinical utility and warrants further study.
Genome‐Wide Association and Functional Studies Reveal Novel Pharmacological Mechanisms for Allopurinol
Authors: Brackman Deanna J. , Yee Sook Wah , Enogieru Osatohanmwen J. , Shaffer Christian , Ranatunga Dilrini , Denny Joshua C. , Wei Wei‐Qi , Kamatani Yoichiro , Kubo Michiaki , Roden Dan M. , Jorgenson Eric , Giacomini Kathleen M. 
Published: March 2019

Allopurinol, which lowers uric acid (UA) concentration, is increasingly being recognized for its benefits in cardiovascular and renal disease. However, response to allopurinol is variable. We gathered samples from 4,446 multiethnic subjects for a genome‐wide association study of allopurinol response. Consistent with previous studies, we observed that the Q141K variant in ABCG2 (rs2231142), which encodes the efflux pump breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), associated with worse response to allopurinol. However, for the first time this association reached genome‐wide level significance (P = 8.06 × 10−11). Additionally, we identified a novel association with a variant in GREM2 (rs1934341, P = 3.22 × 10−6). In vitro studies identified oxypurinol, the active metabolite of allopurinol, as an inhibitor of the UA transporter GLUT9, suggesting that oxypurinol may modulate UA reabsorption. These results provide strong evidence for a role of BCRP Q141K in allopurinol response, and suggest that allopurinol may have additional hypouricemic effects beyond xanthine oxidase inhibition.
The importance of inter‐individual variation in predicting species' responses to global change drivers
Authors: Guscelli Ella , Spicer John I. , Calosi Piero 
Published: March 2019

AbstractInter‐individual variation in phenotypic traits has long been considered as “noise” rather than meaningful phenotypic variation, with biological studies almost exclusively generating and reporting average responses for populations and species’ average responses. Here, we compare the use of an individual approach in the investigation of extracellular acid–base regulation by the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus challenged with elevated pCO2 and temperature conditions, with a more traditional approach which generates and formally compares mean values. We detected a high level of inter‐individual variation in acid–base regulation parameters both within and between treatments. Comparing individual and mean values for the first (apparent) dissociation constant of the coelomic fluid for individual sea urchins resulted in substantially different (calculated) acid–base parameters, and models with stronger statistical support. While the approach using means showed that coelomic pCO2 was influenced by seawater pCO2 and temperature combined, the individual approach indicated that it was in fact seawater temperature in isolation that had a significant effect on coelomic pCO2. On the other hand, coelomic [HCO3−] appeared to be primarily affected by seawater pCO2, and less by seawater temperature, irrespective of the approach adopted. As a consequence, we suggest that individual variation in physiological traits needs to be considered, and where appropriate taken into account, in global change biology studies. It could be argued that an approach reliant on mean values is a “procedural error.” It produces an artefact, that is, a population's mean phenotype. While this may allow us to conduct relatively simple statistical analyses, it will not in all cases reflect, or take into account, the degree of (physiological) diversity present in natural populations.
Clinical implications of prolonged hyperglycaemia before basal insulin initiation in type 2 diabetes patients: An electronic medical record database analysis
Authors: Raccah Denis , Guerci Bruno , Ajmera Mayank , Davis Keith , Meyers Juliana , Lew Elisheva , Shaunik Alka , Blonde Lawrence 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAimsTo assess the effect of duration of hyperglycaemia before basal insulin (BI) initiation on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methodsPatients with T2D who initiated BI during 2009‐2013, had continuous enrolment for ≥2 years preceding and ≥1 year following BI initiation (“index date”), and had ≥1 glycated haemoglobin (A1C) measure not at target (ie, ≥7.0%) within 6 months preindex date were included in the study. Patients were stratified by preindex‐date duration of A1C ≥7.0%. Longitudinal A1C, weight, BMI, and diabetes medication were compared between cohorts for up to 15‐month follow‐up.ResultsOf 37 053 patients who initiated BI, 40.7%, 15.3%, 16.0%, and 28.0%, respectively, had uncontrolled A1C for <6, 6‐<12, 12‐<18 and 18‐24 months preindex date. Baseline characteristics were similar between cohorts. Baseline A1C values were similar across cohorts (9.2%‐9.6%). Mean follow‐up A1C values were higher with longer preindex‐date duration of uncontrolled A1C (8.0 ± 1.7%, 8.2 ± 1.6%, 8.5 ± 1.7%, and 8.6 ± 1.7% for <6, 6‐<12, 12‐<18, and 18‐24 months); attainment of A1C <7.0% worsened with increasing preindex‐date duration of A1C ≥7.0% (29.6%, 20.0%, 14.6%, and 11.5% for <6, 6‐<12, 12‐<18, and 18‐24 months).ConclusionsThese data suggest that longer duration of uncontrolled A1C before BI initiation increases the risk of not reaching glycaemic targets. However, target attainment was poor in all cohorts, highlighting inadequate glycaemic control as an important unmet need in US patients with T2D.