bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How flower colour signals allure bees and hummingbirds: a community‐level test of the bee avoidance hypothesis
Authors: de Camargo Maria Gabriela Gutierrez , Lunau Klaus , Batalha Marco Antônio , Brings Sebastian , de Brito Vinícius Lourenço Garcia , Morellato Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira 
Published: November 2018

SummaryColour signals are the main floral trait for plant–pollinator communication. Owing to visual specificities, flower visitors exert different selective pressures on flower colour signals of plant communities. Although they evolved to attract pollinators, matching their visual sensitivity and colour preferences, floral signals may also evolve to avoid less efficient pollinators and antagonistic flower visitors.We evaluated evidence for the bee avoidance hypothesis in a Neotropical community pollinated mainly by bees and hummingbirds, thecampo rupestre. We analysed flower reflectance spectra, compared colour variables of bee‐pollinated flowers (bee‐flowers; 244 species) and hummingbird‐pollinated flowers (hummingbird‐flowers; 39 species), and looked for evidence of bee sensorial exclusion in hummingbird‐flowers.Flowers were equally contrasting for hummingbirds. Hummingbird‐flowers were less conspicuous to bees, reflecting mainly long wavelengths and avoiding red‐blind visitors. Bee‐flowers reflected more short wavelengths, were more conspicuous to bees (higher contrasts and spectral purity) than hummingbird‐flowers and displayed floral guides more frequently, favouring flower attractiveness, discrimination and handling by bees.Along with no phylogenetic signal, the differences in colour signal strategies between bee‐ and hummingbird‐flowers are the first evidence of the bee avoidance hypothesis at a community level and reinforce the role of pollinators as a selective pressure driving flower colour diversity.
Effects of melatonin on oocyte developmental competence and the role of melatonin receptor 1 in juvenile goats
Authors: Soto‐Heras Sandra , Catalá Maria‐Gracia , Roura Montserrat , Menéndez‐Blanco Irene , Piras Anna‐Rita , Izquierdo Dolors , Paramio Maria‐Teresa 
Published: November 2018

ContentsMelatonin enhances in vitro embryo development in several species by improving the oocyte developmental competence during in vitro maturation (IVM). Melatonin has a wide range of actions, from scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) to regulating gene expression, and it can also act by way of melatonin receptors. The aim of this study was to determine the mechanism of action of melatonin during the IVM of juvenile goat oocytes and the role of the membrane receptors. Melatonin receptor 1 was immunolocalized in cumulus cells and oocytes before and after 24 hr of IVM. The effect of melatonin on oocyte developmental competence was tested in three experimental IVM groups: (a) control, (b) 10−7 M melatonin, and (c) 10−7 M melatonin +10−7 M luzindole (an inhibitor of both melatonin receptors). After IVM oocytes were assessed for ROS levels, mitochondrial activity, adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) concentration and relative gene expression (ACTB, SLC1A1, SOD1, GPx1, BAX, DNMT1, GCLC and GDF9). IVM‐oocytes were in vitro fertilized and cultured under conventional conditions. Blastocyst rate and quality (differential cell count) were assessed at 8 days post‐fertilization. Melatonin decreased ROS levels, increased mitochondrial activity and ATP content and increased blastocyst quality compared to control group (55.8 vs. 30.4 inner cell mass ICM, p < 0.05). There was no effect on the relative gene expression due to treatment with melatonin. In conclusion, we have showed that melatonin improves oocyte developmental competence in juvenile goats by reducing ROS levels and improving mitochondrial activity.
Effectiveness of coffee for postoperative ileus in patients following abdominal surgery: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Kuo Shu-Chen , Mu Pei-Fan , Chang Li-Yin , Chou Shin-Shang , Lee Mei-Yin , Su Jui-Yuan , Shih Chiung-Fen , Curia Marianne 
Published: November 2018

Review question/objective:
The purpose of this systematic review is to critically appraise, synthesize and present the best available evidence concerning the effects of coffee on postoperative ileus following abdominal surgery. The review will consider the effect of coffee and decaffeinated coffee on recovering gastrointestinal function, time to first bowel movement, time to first flatus, time to tolerance of solid food, postoperative complications and length of hospital stay.
Enhanced nitric oxide signaling amplifies vasorelaxation of human colon cancer feed arteries
Authors: Voss Ninna C. S. , Kold-Petersen Henrik , Boedtkjer Ebbe 
Published: November 2018

Inadequate perfusion of solid cancer tissue results in low local nutrient and oxygen levels and accumulation of acidic waste products. Previous investigations have focused primarily on tumor blood vessel architecture, and we lack information concerning functional differences between arteries that deliver blood to solid cancer tissue versus normal tissue. Here, we use isometric myography to study resistance-sized arteries from human primary colon adenocarcinomas and matched normal colon tissue. Vasocontraction of colon cancer feed arteries in response to endothelin-1 and thromboxane stimulation is attenuated compared with normal colon arteries despite similar wall dimensions and comparable contractions to arginine vasopressin and K+-induced depolarization. Acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation and endothelial NO synthase expression are increased in colon cancer feed arteries compared with normal colon arteries, whereas vasorelaxation to exogenous NO donors is unaffected. In congruence, the differences in vasorelaxant and vasocontractile function between colon cancer feed arteries and normal colon arteries decrease after NO synthase inhibition. Rhythmic oscillations in vascular tone, known as vasomotion, are of lower amplitude but similar frequency in colon cancer feed arteries compared with normal colon arteries. In conclusion, higher NO synthase expression and elevated NO signaling amplify vasorelaxation and attenuate vasocontraction of human colon cancer feed arteries. We propose that enhanced endothelial function augments tumor perfusion and represents a potential therapeutic target.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Local vascular resistance influences tumor perfusion. Arteries supplying human colonic adenocarcinomas show enhanced vasorelaxation and reduced vasocontraction mainly due to elevated nitric oxide-mediated signaling. Rhythmic oscillations in tone, known as vasomotion, are attenuated in colon cancer feed arteries.
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Induced by IL8 Promote Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma Progression via the TLR9 Signaling
Authors: Nie Man , Yang Linbin , Bi Xiwen , Wang Yu , Sun Peng , Yang Hang , Liu Panpan , Li Zhiming , Xia Yi , Jiang Wenqi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
More than 30% of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) experience treatment failure after first-line therapy. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), a pathogen-trapping structure in tumor microenvironment, can promote the transition of autoimmunity to lymphomagenesis. Here, we investigate whether NETs play a novel role in DLBCL progression and its underlying mechanism.
Experimental Design: NETs in DLBCL tumor samples and plasma were detected by immunofluorescence and ELISA, respectively. The correlation between NETs and clinical features were analyzed. The effects of NETs on cellular proliferation and migration and mechanisms were explored, and the mechanism of NET formation was also studied by a series of in vitro and in vivo assays.

Results:
Higher levels of NETs in plasma and tumor tissues were associated with dismal outcome in patients with DLBCL. Furthermore, we identified NETs increased cell proliferation and migration in vitro and tumor growth and lymph node dissemination in vivo. Mechanistically, DLBCL-derived IL8 interacted with its receptor (CXCR2) on neutrophils, resulting in the formation of NETs via Src, p38, and ERK signaling. Newly formed NETs directly upregulated the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) pathways in DLBCL and subsequently activated NFκB, STAT3, and p38 pathways to promote tumor progression. More importantly, disruption of NETs, blocking IL8–CXCR2 axis or inhibiting TLR9 could retard tumor progression in preclinical models.

Conclusions:
Our data reveal a tumor–NETs aggressive interaction in DLBCL and indicate that NETs is a useful prognostic biomarker and targeting this novel cross-talk represents a new therapeutic opportunity in this challenging disease.
Risk factors for complications in cancer patients with totally implantable access ports: A retrospective study and review of the literature
Authors: Bademler Süleyman , Üçüncü Muhammed , Yıldırım İlknur , Karanlık Hasan 
Published: November 2018

Objectives To analyze the risk factors for complications associated with the use of totally implantable access ports (TIAPs) in cancer patients. Methods Data for 2,713 cancer patients who received a TIAP between January 2010 and September 2016 at a single center were analyzed retrospectively. Results The average age of the patients was 54.2 ± 9.92 years, and 1,247 (47.5%) were women. The right subclavian vein was the preferred insertion site. Seventy-seven patients developed early complications and 50 developed late complications. The incidence of complications increased as the number of punctures increased. Percutaneous intervention increased the risk of complications during port insertion, but age, sex, body mass index, and the use of physiological saline solution instead of heparin for washing after port insertion did not increase the risk. The use of ultrasonography during insertion reduced the risk of complications. Conclusions Various factors may affect the function of TIAPs in cancer patients both during insertion and follow-up. Age, sex, body mass index, and the use of physiological saline solution for washing did not affect the incidence of complications, but the use of ultrasonography during insertion did affect the complication rate.
Negotiated ethical responsibility: Bruneian nurses’ ethical concerns in nursing practice
Authors: Zolkefli Yusrita 
Published: November 2018

Background: There has been wide interest shown in the manner in which ethical dimensions in nursing practice are approached and addressed. As a result, a number of ethical decision-making models have been developed to tackle these problems. However, this study argued that the ethical dimensions of nursing practice are still not clearly understood and responded to in Brunei. Research aim: To explore how Bruneian nurses define ethical concerns they meet in everyday practice in the medical surgical wards of three Brunei hospitals. Research design: A qualitative study was employed. Interviews were conducted with 28 practising and administrative nurses of three hospitals. Interview data were analysed via a constant comparative method. Ethical consideration: The study’s protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethical Committee of the School of Health in Social Science at the University of Edinburgh and the Medical Health Research Ethics Committee of the Ministry of Health, Brunei. Findings: The nurses described three ethical dimensions in their practice, namely: ‘nurse at work‘ which illustrates the ethical dimensions within the work environment; ‘nurse and doctor’ which elucidates the ethical dimensions in the nurse and doctor relationship; and ‘nurse and patient’ which further examines ethical aspects in patient care. Nurses responded to the ethical dimensions in the ward setting with the aim of avoiding the conflict and maintaining ward harmony. Discussion: The data provide new insights into how nurses respond to ethical dimension in the ward settings where it puts strong emphasis on the nurses’ understanding of responsibility placed upon them as professional nurses. Conclusion: With these findings, it is recommended that further support is needed for nurses to be aware of the ethical dimension in their practice and to respond to ethical concerns accordingly.
The effect of stellate ganglion block on the function of arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis: A randomized trial
Authors: Rahimi Mojgan , Fakhar Nasir , Sodagari Pezhman , Majedi Hossein , Dashti Habibollah 
Published: November 2018

Background and Purpose: The best access for hemodialysis is an autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF). The most helpful way for vasodilation in the upper limb is stellate ganglion block. We aim to evaluate the effect of stellate ganglion block on outcome of vascular access for dialysis. Materials and Methods: Some 105 hemodialysis patients were randomly allocated to three groups: In group 1, stellate ganglion block was performed before fistula surgery. Group 2 had stellate ganglion block after surgery and group 3 was control group without any block. Primary outcome for all groups was functional dialysis, which is defined as successful hemodialysis for 1 month. Results: The three groups were similar in age, gender, and underlying diseases. Stellate ganglion block before operation had a meaningful increase in successful hemodialysis rate, when compared with the other groups (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Stellate ganglion block before arteriovenous fistula surgery in the upper limbs improves hemodialysis success rate.
Wicking Phenomenon in Nanofiber-Coated Filament Yarns
Authors: Ravandi Seyed Abdolkarim Hosseini , Sanatgar Razieh Hashemi , Dabirian Farzad 
Published: November 2018

Wicking phenomenon has been investigated in filaments and spun yarns in different studies. In comparison with conventional structures, nanofibrous structures have unique characteristics such as higher surface-to-volume ratios, smaller pores, and higher porosity. For many nanofiber applications, a good understanding of the liquid absorption and wettability of nanofibrous is crucial. In this article, a modified electrospinning process for yarn coating with nanofiber is presented. In this method, fiber direction was controlled by manipulating the conventional system of electrospining and embedded nanofibers on yarn surface. Nylon66 filament was coated with nylon 66 nanofiber. The coating morphology and capillary phenomenon were examined in different concentrations of polymer solution. The kinetics of capillary flow of colored liquid in coated yarns with nanofiber follows the Lucas-Washburn equation. Results show that coating with nanofibers increases equilibrium wicking height. In a nanofiber coating process, with a constant feeding rate, increasing the solution concentration increases the capillary rise rate.
Evaluating Cervical Sagittal Alignment in Cervical Myelopathy: Are Sitting Cervical Radiographs and Standing Whole-Spine Radiographs Equally Useful?
Authors: Morimoto Yasuhiko , Shigematsu Hideki , Iwata Eiichiro , Tanaka Masato , Okuda Akinori , Masuda Keisuke , Yamamoto Yusuke , Takeshima Toshichika , Nakagawa Yoshiyuki , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: November 2018

Study Design: Retrospective review of medical charts and radiographic data. Objectives: We aimed to clarify the differences in cervical alignment findings between sitting cervical lateral radiographs and standing whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning in cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) patients. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the radiographs of 50 consecutive patients who underwent cervical surgery for CSM in our hospital. Cervical sagittal alignment was evaluated based on the C0-2 angles and C2-7 Gore and Cobb angles. Head position was evaluated in terms of the center of gravity of the head to C7 (CGH-C7) angle and the McGregor angle (ie, the angle between the McGregor line and a horizontal line). The T1-slope was also evaluated. Results: The mean values of the CGH-C7 angle and T1-slope were significantly lower, while the mean value of the McGregor angle was significantly higher on whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning than on sitting cervical lateral radiographs. The mean values of the C0-2 and C2-7 angles did not differ significantly between the 2 radiographic positioning approaches. Conclusions: Using whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning may result in a significantly lower T1-slope and a posterior tilt of the head. In the absence of a compensatory change in cervical alignment, clavicle positioning may force patients to adopt an upward gazing position of the head. These compensatory mechanisms should be considered while evaluating cervical alignment on whole-spine lateral radiographs with clavicle positioning. Surgical planning should take into account the effect of posture on the radiographic appearance of cervical alignment.
Defining Risk Factors for Chemotherapeutic Intervention in Infants With Stage 4S Neuroblastoma: A Report From Children’s Oncology Group Study ANBL0531
Authors: Twist Clare J. , Naranjo Arlene , Schmidt Mary Lou , Tenney Sheena C. , Cohn Susan L. , Meany Holly J. , Mattei Peter , Adkins E. Stanton , Shimada Hiroyuki , London Wendy B. , Park Julie R. , Matthay Katherine K. , Maris John M. 
Published: November 2018

PurposeInfants with stage 4S neuroblastoma usually have favorable outcomes with observation or minimal chemotherapy. However, young infants with symptoms secondary to massive hepatomegaly or with unfavorable tumor biology are at high risk of death. Our aim was to improve outcomes for patients with symptomatic and/or unfavorable biology 4S neuroblastoma with a uniform treatment approach using a biology- and response-based algorithm.Patients and MethodsThe subset of patients with 4S disease with MYCN-not amplified tumors with impaired or impending organ dysfunction, or with unfavorable histology and/or diploid DNA index, were eligible. Patients were assigned to receive two, four, or eight cycles of chemotherapy on the basis of histology, diploid DNA index, chromosome arm 1p or 11q loss of heterozygosity (LOH) status, and symptoms.ResultsForty-nine eligible patients were enrolled: 41 were symptomatic and 28 had unfavorable biology. Seventeen patients (symptomatic, favorable biology) were assigned two cycles, 21 patients (any unfavorable biologic feature without 1p or 11q LOH) were assigned four cycles, and 11 patients (unfavorable biology including 1p and/or 11q LOH [n = 7] or symptomatic with unknown biology [n = 4]), were assigned eight cycles. The 3-year overall survival was 81.4% ± 5.8%. Eight of nine deaths were in patients younger than 2 months of age at diagnosis (median, 9 days [range, 1 to 68 days]): five acute deaths were a result of hepatomegaly and associated toxicities; two were a result of late relapse in patients with unfavorable biology; and two were a result of treatment complications. No deaths occurred after protocol-mandated pre-emptive treatment of infants younger than 2 months with hepatomegaly, regardless of symptoms. A new scoring algorithm for emergent chemotherapy in patients with 4S disease was developed on the basis of this experience.ConclusionThe outcome for 4S neuroblastoma can be improved with pre-emptive chemotherapy for evolving hepatomegaly or other baseline comorbidities in infants younger than 2 months of age.
Perspectives of Health Care Payer Organizations on Cancer Care Delivery Redesign: A National Study
Authors: Patel Manali I. , Moore David , Bhattacharya Jay , Milstein Arnold , Coker Tumaini R. 
Published: November 2018

INTRODUCTION: Despite advancements in cancer care, persistent gaps remain in the delivery of high-value end-of-life cancer care. The aim of this study was to examine views of health care payer organization stakeholders on approaches to the redesign of end-of-life cancer care delivery strategies to improve care. METHODS: We conducted semistructured interviews with 34 key stakeholders (eg, chief medical officers, medical directors) in 12 health plans and 22 medical group organizations across the United States. We recorded, transcribed, and analyzed interviews using the constant comparative method of qualitative analysis. RESULTS: Participants endorsed strategies to redesign end-of-life cancer care delivery to improve end-of-life care. Participants supported the use of nonprofessionals to deliver some cancer services through alternative formats (eg, telephone, Internet) and delivery of services in nonclinical settings. Participants reported that using nonprofessional providers to offer some services, such as goals of care discussions and symptom assessments, via telephone in community-based settings or in patients’ homes, may be more effective and efficient ways to deliver high-value cancer care services. Participants described challenges to redesign, including coordination with and acceptance by oncology providers and payment models required to financially support clinical changes. Some participants suggested solutions, including providing funding and logistic support to encourage implementation of care delivery innovations and to financially reward practices for delivery of high-value end-of-life cancer care services. CONCLUSION: Stakeholders from payer organizations endorsed opportunities to redesign cancer care delivery, and some are willing to provide logistic, design, and financial support to practices interested in improving end-of-life cancer care.
Development and Application of New Iridium Catalysts for Efficient Dehydrogenative Reactions of Organic Molecules
Authors: Fujita Ken-ichi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this paper, development and application of iridium catalysts for dehydrogenative reactions including (1) dehydrogenative oxidation of alcohols into carbonyl compounds, (2) hydrogen storage systems based on the reversible interconversion between saturated N-heterocycles and unsaturated aromatic N-heterocycles by catalytic dehydrogenation and hydrogenation, and (3) efficient hydrogen production from methanol-water solution under very mild conditions, are reported. The key point of the study described in this paper is designing a series of catalysts based on the cooperation of a metal center and a functional ligand, which is based on reversible transformation of two catalytically active species (an iridium species bearing α-pyridonate-based functional ligand and an iridium species bearing α-hydroxypyridine-based functional ligand). Various novel iridium catalysts have been synthesized and a number of catalytic dehydrogenative reactions have been developed. In addition to providing new methods for organic synthetic chemistry, these investigations would contribute to the fields of environmental chemistry and sustainable energy research.