bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of open suture repairversustotally extraperitoneal repair for treatment of sportsman's hernia
Authors: Sheen A J , Montgomery A , Simon T , Ilves I , Paajanen H 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundSportsman's hernia/athletic pubalgia is a recognized cause of chronic groin pain in athletes. Both open and laparoscopic surgical repairs have been described for treatment, but there are no comparative studies. The hypothesis here was that relief of pain would be achieved earlier in patients treated with open minimal suture repair than totally extraperitoneal repair.MethodsA randomized multicentre trial in four European countries was conducted to compare open minimal suture repair with totally extraperitoneal repair. The primary endpoint was complete relief of pain (visual analogue scale (VAS) score 20 or less on a scale from 0 to 100 mm) at 1 month. Secondary endpoints included complications, time to return to sporting activity, and number of patients returning to sport within 1 year.ResultsA total of 65 athletes (92 per cent men) with a median age of 29 years were enrolled (31 open repair, 34 totally extraperitoneal repair). By 4 weeks after surgery, median preoperative VAS scores had dropped from 70–80 to 10–20 in both groups (P &lt; 0·001). Relief of pain (VAS score 20 or less) during sports activity 4 weeks after surgery was achieved in 14 of 31 patients after open repair and 24 of 34 after totally extraperitoneal repair (P = 0·047). Return to full sporting activity was achieved by 16 and 18 patients respectively after 1 month (P = 0·992), and by 25 versus 31 after 3 months (P = 0·408).ConclusionTotally extraperitoneal repair was less painful than open repair in the first month, but otherwise both procedures were similarly effective in treating chronic pain due to sportsman's hernia. Registration number: NCT02297711 ( http://www.clinical.trials.gov).
Randomized clinical trial comparing total extraperitoneal with Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair (TEPLICH trial)
Authors: Gutlic N , Gutlic A , Petersson U , Rogmark P , Montgomery A 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain is reported after 10–35 per cent of inguinal hernia operations. The aim was to compare quality of life (QoL) after total extraperitoneal (TEP) and Lichtenstein hernia repairs in the setting of an RCT with operations performed by department-certified hernia surgeons.

Methods
Men aged 30–75 years with an ASA grade I–II primary inguinal hernia were randomized to TEP or Lichtenstein repair. Primary endpoint was pain at 1 year assessed with the Inguinal Pain Questionnaire (IPQ). Clinical examination, IPQ, SF-36® and study-specific questions were recorded before surgery, and at 1 and 3 years.

Results
Some 416 patients (202 TEP and 214 Lichtenstein) had surgery; 95·2 per cent completed 1-year and 89·9 per cent 3-year follow-up. At 1 year ‘pain during last week’ was reported by 6·9 per cent after TEP and by 9·8 per cent after Lichtenstein repair (P = 0·303), and ‘pain right now’ by 3·7 and 5·9 per cent respectively (P = 0·315). Favourable outcomes for TEP were duration of operation, 30-day complications, time to full recovery, foreign body sensation and sick leave. Groin sensory changes diminished after TEP but increased after Lichtenstein repair. Preoperative QoL was affected, especially in the physical subscales, but was restored to normal after surgery. At 1 and 3 years, 98·3 and 97·4 per cent respectively of the patients were satisfied; 1·6 per cent (6 of 374) suffered a recurrence at 3 years, four after TEP and two after Lichtenstein repair.

Conclusion
In the medium term, both TEP and Lichtenstein hernia repair had similar outcomes after 1 year, with high rates of patient satisfaction and low rates of chronic pain and recurrence. There were short-term advantages for pain and recovery rate after TEP repair. Registration number: NCT00803985 ( www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Ensuring Student Success: Using Formative Assessment as the Key to Communication and Compassion Among Faculty, Students, and Staff
Authors: Akkaraju Shylaja , Atamturktur Seher , Broughton Laura , Frazer Tica 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis chapter illustrates the value of formative assessment as the key to better understand students who struggle with classroom learning. The authors present ways in which professional development, classroom assessment, and student services can come together with the common goal of building a community focused on the student learning experience and student success.
Biochemical changes associated with electron beam irradiation of rice and links to kernel discoloration during storage
Authors: Mohammadi Shad Zeinab , Steen Emiel , Devlieghere Frank , Mauromoustakos Andy , Atungulu Griffiths G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesRice kernel discoloration during storage results in significant economic losses to rice growers and processors. This study aimed to elucidate the extent of chemical changes and microbial involvement on discoloration of rice kernels during storage. To segregate and/or diminish the effects of microbes, one lot of hybrid long‐grain rice (XL753) samples was irradiated with nonthermal electron beam (EB) dose of 14 kGy. The irradiated and nonirradiated control samples of rice at a moisture content (MC) of 21% on a wet basis were stored at three temperatures (20, 30, and 40°C) for 8 weeks. Samples were taken every 2 weeks for microbial and chemical analyses.FindingsA negative relationship was noted between discoloration and microbial load. The trend of increasing discoloration and chemical properties such as free sugars, free fatty acid, and free 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furaldehyde (HMF), especially at higher storage temperatures and durations, suggested that biochemical changes were major drivers of the observed rice discoloration. The higher HMF in highly discolored rice (≥20%) explained nonenzymatic browning in the rice matrix during storage.ConclusionsFrom this study, it was drawn that the rice kernel discoloration was not directly related to the microbial load; the discoloration was seen in EBI rice even with 99% reduction in microbial load. However, it was clarified that the rice discoloration especially in EBI rice samples was related to the observed chemical changes, which were also storage temperature dependent.Significance and noveltyMilled rice discoloration during storage of rough rice is insufficiently understood. There is no information correlating changes in chemical attributes and microbial activity to discoloration of contemporary hybrid rice during storage. Therefore, the results of the current study provide important fundamental information and also suggest storage conditions required to arrest discoloration and maintain quality of contemporary milled hybrid rice.
Sequential treatment with secukinumab and ustekinumab in a patient with severe psoriasis and recent history of cerebral malignant melanoma metastasis
Authors: Ghazanfar Misbah N. , Karlsmark Tonny , Danielsen Patricia Louise , Thomsen Simon F. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis report of a 53‐year‐old woman with severe psoriasis treated with biologic therapy despite recent history of malignant melanoma with cerebral metastasis suggests that biologic therapy for chronic inflammatory diseases may be an option for selected patients with recent cancer.
Polymerization of ϵ‐Caprolactam to Nylon‐6 Catalyzed by Barium σ‐Borane Complex under Mild Condition
Authors: Bhattacharjee Jayeeta , Harinath Adimulam , Sarkar Alok , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA mild and low‐temperature synthesis of nylon‐6 is achieved through the ring‐opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactam using barium σ‐borane complex as the catalyst. Due to the mild nature of the catalyst, this protocol provides an easy means of synthesizing nylon‐6, for the first time with a precise and predictable molecular weight. From various model experiments, it is evident that the σ‐coordinated boron hydride acts as a mild hydride donor in the first step of the reaction to generate lactamate anions, which then undergo ring‐opening polymerization in‐situ with the remaining caprolactam molecules under the influence of the dehydrogenated boron metal complex.
Manipulation and Control of Structure and Size of Inorganic Nanomaterials in Microchemical Systems
Authors: Luo Guangsheng , Du Le , Wang Yujun , Wang Kai 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMicrochemical systems exhibit a unique capacity of preparing and manipulating various nanomaterials. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art microchemical systems and the on‐demand development for the preparation of novel inorganic nanomaterials with certain dimensions or complex structures are summarized and discussed. Multistep synthesis and manipulation in microchemical systems are presented and compared, as well as new strategies such as in‐line monitoring, feedback control, and self‐optimization. The design and strategy for tuning the nucleation, growth, functionalization, and assembly of nanomaterials are considered. The challenges are put forward and an outlook for the future directions of nanomaterial preparation and production in microchemical systems is specially provided.
Synthesis of the Antibiotic Precursor Thiazolyl‐7‐Aminocephalosporanic Acid in a Microstructured Flow System
Authors: Wirth Vanessa , Volkmar Julia , Bayer Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of thiazolyl‐7‐aminocephalosporanic acid, a pharmaceutical precursor of the β‐lactam antibiotic drug cefodizime, could be successfully realized in a continuous microstructured flow system. This was accomplished by changing the process window from batch, having a reaction temperature of 60 °C with a reaction time of 1 h, to a flow system at temperatures > 100 °C and reaction times of several minutes. The space‐time yield could be increased by a factor of 130.
Access to β‐Ketonitriles through Nickel‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling of α‐Bromonitriles with Alkylzinc Reagents
Authors: Donslund Aske S. , Neumann Karoline T. , Corneliussen Nicklas P. , Grove Ebbe K. , Herbstritt Domenique , Daasbjerg Kim , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein, we report a nickel‐catalyzed carbonylative coupling of α‐bromonitriles and alkylzinc reagents with near stoichiometric carbon monoxide to give β‐ketonitriles in good yields. The reaction is catalyzed by a readily available and stable nickel(II) pincer complex. The developed protocol tolerates substrates bearing a variety of functional groups, which would be problematic or incompatible with previous synthetic methods. Additionally, we demonstrate the suitability of the method for carbon isotope labeling by the synthesis of 13C‐labeled β‐ketonitriles and their transformation into isotopically labeled heterocycles.
The Effect of Additives on the Viscosity and Dissolution of Cellulose in Tetrabutylphosphonium Hydroxide
Authors: Nguyen Mai N. , Kragl Udo , Michalik Dirk , Ludwig Ralf , Hollmann Dirk 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn electrolyte solution of tetrabutylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH) in water can dissolve over 20 wt % of cellulose in minutes and therefore constitutes a promising alternative green solvent system compared to known imidazolium‐ or dimethylacetamide‐based systems. Overcoming the disadvantage of the extremely high viscosity of TBPH/cellulose solutions can facilitate their use for various applications. In this study, the application of cosolvents for the reduction, and thus adjustability, of the viscosity is addressed. Even well‐known antisolvents can be easily deployed, resulting in a dramatic drop in viscosity. High concentrations of cosolvents (excluding ethanol) are tolerated without precipitation of the dissolved cellulose. Furthermore, the effect of the cosolvents on the additional dissolution of cellulose is discussed. The amount of dissolved cellulose is quantified by 13C NMR spectroscopy.
A lightweight and secure NFC‐base mobile payment protocol ensuring fair exchange based on a hybrid encryption algorithm with formal verification
Authors: Thammarat Chalee , Kurutach Werasak 
Published: June 2019

SummaryDuring the past few years, many near‐field communication (NFC) mobile payment protocols have been widely used and received more and more attentions. This could be an essential factor for the growth of the world economy and leads to the improvement of the quality of life for human beings. The NFC mobile payment is one prominent approach in allowing m‐commerce to conduct a sales transaction. However, fair exchange and information security are significant concerns in creating trust among the parties participating in the transaction. Many NFC mobile payment protocols have been introduced by researchers. But, most of them still lack some crucial properties of information security and fair exchange, and this can be an obstacle to their uses. In this article, we propose an NFC mobile payment protocol that possesses comprehensive properties of both information security and fair exchange for sales transaction processing. The protocol employs both symmetric and asymmetric encryptions, hash function, and the technique of offline session key generation, in order to improve the security while maintaining the lightweight property. The fairness analysis shows that the proposed protocol is more competent and effective than others. It can resolve any dispute in case one party misbehaves. Finally, the proposed protocol's security has been successfully verified using both Burrows, Abadi and Needham (BAN logic) and the Scyther tool.
Proximal fate marker homothorax marks the lateral extension of stalk‐eyed fly Cyrtodopsis whitei
Authors: Singh Amit , Gogia Neha , Chang Chia‐Yu , Sun Yi Henry 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe placement of eyes on insect head is an important evolutionary trait. The stalk‐eyed fly, Cyrtodopsis whitei, exhibits a hypercephaly phenotype where compound eyes are located on lateral extension from the head while the antennal segments are placed inwardly on this stalk. This stalk‐eyed phenotype is characteristic of the family Diopsidae in the Diptera order and dramatically deviates from other dipterans, such as Drosophila. Like other insects, the adult eye and antenna of stalk‐eyed fly develop from a complex eye‐antennal imaginal disc. We analyzed the markers involved in proximo‐distal (PD) axis of the developing eye imaginal disc of the stalk‐eyed flies. We used homothorax (hth) and distalless (dll), two highly conserved genes as the marker for proximal and distal fate, respectively. We found that lateral extensions between eye and antennal field of the stalk‐eyed fly's eye‐antennal imaginal disc exhibit robust Hth expression. Hth marks the head specific fate in the eye‐ and proximal fate in the antenna‐disc. Thus, the proximal fate marker Hth expression evolves in the stalk‐eyed flies to generate lateral extensions for the placement of the eye on the head. Moreover, during pupal eye metamorphosis, the lateral extension folds back on itself to place the antenna inside and the adult compound eye on the distal tip. Interestingly, the compound eye in other insects does not have a prominent PD axis as observed in the stalk‐eyed fly.
Collaboration and engagement produce more actionable science: quantitatively analyzing uptake of fish tracking studies
Authors: Nguyen Vivian M. , Young Nathan , Brownscombe Jacob W. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAquatic telemetry technology generates new knowledge about the underwater world that can inform decision‐making processes and thus can improve conservation and natural resource management. Still, there is lack of evidence on how telemetry‐derived knowledge can or has informed management, and what factors facilitate or deter its use. We present one of the first quantitative studies related to the science‐action gap and evaluate factors that influence the uptake of fish telemetry findings into policies and practices, as well as social acceptance of these findings. We globally surveyed 212 fish telemetry researchers regarding the knowledge uptake of an applied fish telemetry research project of their choice. Respondents’ personal and professional attributes, as well as the attributes of their chosen projects, were analyzed using machine learning algorithms to identify important factors that influenced the uptake (i.e., use, trust, and/or acceptance) of their findings. Researchers with extensive collaborations and who spent more time engaging in public outreach experienced greater uptake of their findings. Respondents with greater telemetry experience and commitment (e.g., more telemetry publications, higher proportion of research on fish telemetry) tended to achieve more social acceptance of their findings. Projects led by researchers who were highly involved and familiar with the fisheries management processes, and those where greater effort was devoted to research dissemination, also tended to experience greater uptake. Last, the levels of complexity and controversy of the issue addressed by the research project had a positive influence on the uptake of findings. The empirical results of this study support recent messages in the science practitioner literature for greater collaboration, knowledge co‐production with partners, and public engagement to enable the transfer of knowledge and the use of evidence in decision‐making and policies. Scientific organizations should consider shifting reward incentives to promote engagement and collaboration with non‐scientific actors, and perhaps even rethinking hiring practices to consider personal and professional characteristics or attitudes such as altruism and networking skills given the influence of these factors in our model. Last, networks composed of both research and practice potentially have a key role in brokering and facilitating knowledge exchange and actions.
Effects of neighborhood trait composition on tree survival differ between drought and postdrought periods
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Uriarte María , Wright Stuart Joseph , Yu Shixiao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough direct tree demographic responses to drought are widely recognized, studies of drought‐mediated changes in tree interactions are rare. We hypothesize that drought exacerbates soil‐water limitation and intensifies competition for water, but reduces light limitation and competition for light. We predict that competition would be stronger for trees (1) consuming more water or more susceptible to water deficits during drought and (2) intercepting more light or more susceptible to shade during postdrought periods. We tested these predictions in a 50‐ha tropical forest plot by quantifying the effects of neighborhood mean trait values on tree survival during versus after a severe drought. We used wood density (WD) and leaf mass per area (LMA) as proxies for water and light use strategies, respectively. Tree survival was lower, canopy loss was greater, and sapling recruitment was greater during the drought relative to postdrought census intervals. This suggests that drought pushed water deficits to lethal extremes and increased understory light availability. Relationships between survival and neighborhood WD were independent of drought, which is inconsistent with our first prediction. In contrast, relationships between survival and neighborhood LMA differed strongly with drought. Survival time was unaffected by neighborhood LMA during drought, but was longer for trees of all sizes in low‐LMA neighborhoods in the postdrought census interval, consistent with the prediction of reduced competition for light during drought. Our results suggest that severe drought might increase light availability and reduce competition for light in moist tropical forests.
Age‐related differences in the acute pain facial expression during infancy
Authors: O'Neill Monica C. , Ahola Kohut Sara , Pillai Riddell Rebecca , Oster Harriet 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe ontogenetic perspective on the development of emotional expressions in infants holds that infants' facial and vocal expressions evolved to serve crucial communicative functions in infancy and contribute to infants' survival. Infants' facial expressions should be contextualized by their own developmental stage rather than presuppositions from verbal populations. The overall aim of this paper was to examine age differences in the temporal patterning of elucidated facial expressions in the first minute following vaccination injections.MethodsOne hundred infants were videotaped longitudinally (2, 4, 6 and 12 months) from 2007–2012 during their routine vaccination appointment over the first year of life and five major negative facial configurations were identified using BabyFACS. In the current study, facial configurations were graphed in 5‐s epochs for 1‐min post‐vaccination and subsequently analysed for facial expression by time effects using Repeated Measures ANOVAs at each age.ResultsClear differences in temporal patterns were displayed as infants aged. ANOVA analyses indicated significant facial expression by time interactions at each age.ConclusionsFacial expressions illustrating intense/moderate distress and sensory overload were prominent in the first 15 s at the 2‐, 4‐ and 6‐month vaccination. However, expressions showing regulation of distress occurred progressively earlier over 1 min post‐needle in older infants, suggesting a significant shift in regulatory capacity of pain‐related distress occurs after 6‐months of age.SignificanceAn important developmental milestone was identified in infants' ability to regulate distress at 6 months. Supporting parents' infant pain management is particularly critical in the first months of life as infants' initial facial expressions appear to be more reflective of an organism overwhelmed by distress.
Neurosteroid and benzodiazepine combination therapy reduces status epilepticus and long‐term effects of whole‐body sarin exposure in rats
Authors: Lumley Lucille , Miller Dennis , Muse William T. , Marrero‐Rosado Brenda , de Araujo Furtado Marcio , Stone Michael , McGuire Jeffrey , Whalley Christopher 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to evaluate the protective efficacy of the neurosteroid pregnanolone (3α‐hydroxy‐5β pregnan‐20‐one), a GABAA receptor‐positive allosteric modulator, as an adjunct to benzodiazepine therapy against the chemical warfare nerve agent (CWNA) sarin (GB), using whole‐body exposure, an operationally relevant route of exposure to volatile GB.MethodsRats implanted with telemetry transmitters for the continuous measurement of cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) activity were exposed for 60 minutes to 3.0 LCt50 of GB via whole‐body exposure. At the onset of toxic signs, rats were administered an intramuscular injection of atropine sulfate (2 mg/kg) and the oxime HI‐6 (93.6 mg/kg) to increase survival rate and, 30 minutes after seizure onset, treated subcutaneously with diazepam (10 mg/kg) and intravenously with pregnanolone (4 mg/kg) or vehicle. Animals were evaluated for GB‐induced status epilepticus (SE), spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), impairment in spatial memory acquisition, and brain pathology, and treatment groups were compared.ResultsDelayed dual therapy with pregnanolone and diazepam reduced time in SE in GB‐exposed rats compared to those treated with delayed diazepam monotherapy. The combination therapy of pregnanolone with diazepam also prevented impairment in the Morris water maze and reduced the neuronal loss and neuronal degeneration, evaluated at one and three months after exposure.SignificanceNeurosteroid administration as an adjunct to benzodiazepine therapy offers an effective means to treat benzodiazepine‐refractory SE, such as occurs following delayed treatment of GB exposure. This study is the first to present data on the efficacy of delayed pregnanolone and diazepam dual therapy in reducing seizure activity, performance deficits and brain pathology following an operationally relevant route of exposure to GB and supports the use of a neurosteroid as an adjunct to standard anticonvulsant therapy for the treatment of CWNA‐induced SE.