bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrater Reliability of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale‐Total Motor Score Certification
Authors: Winder Jessica Y. , Roos Raymund A.C. , Burgunder Jean‐Marc , Marinus Johan , Reilmann Ralf 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical assessment of motor symptoms in Huntington's disease is usually performed with the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale‐Total Motor Score (UHDRS‐TMS). A high interrater reliability is desirable to monitor symptom progression. Therefore, a teaching video and a system for annual online certification has been developed and implemented.ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to investigate the interrater reliability of the UHDRS‐TMS and of its subitems, and to examine the performance of raters in consecutive years.MethodsData from the online UHDRS‐TMS certification were used. The interrater reliability was assessed for all first‐time participants (n = 944) between 2009 and 2016. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for each year separately and the mean was taken as the total ICC.ResultsThe UHDRS‐TMS (ICC = 0.847), tandem walking (0.824), pronate/supinate hands left (0.713), and retropulsion pull test (0.706) showed good interrater reliability. Poor interrater reliability was found for maximal dystonia of the left and right upper extremity (0.187 and 0.322, respectively), maximal dystonia of the left and right lower extremity (0.200 and 0.256, respectively), and maximal dystonia of the trunk (0.389), tongue protrusion (0.266), and rigidity arms left (0.390). Raters performed significantly worse on follow‐up certification compared to their first certification.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the rating of dystonia (absent, slight, mild, moderate, or marked) is subjective and difficult to interpret, especially on video. Therefore, changing the dystonia items of the UHDRS‐TMS should be explored. We also recommend that raters should watch the UHDRS‐TMS teaching video before each certification.
Salinity and sugar detection system using microstrip patch antenna
Authors: Rahman Md Naimur , Islam Mohammad T. , Samsuzzaman Sobuz Md 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study proposes a microstrip patch antenna to detect salinity and sugar content in water. The microstrip antenna is a low‐cost and low‐profile antenna which is modeled to transmit and receive an electromagnetic signal. The proposed antenna consists of a circulated Psi‐shaped patch and slotted partial ground plane. The antenna is impersonated on Rogers RT/duroid 5880 material with a thickness of 1.57 mm having a relative permittivity of 2.2. The antenna has a compact dimension of 24 × 18 mm. The High‐Frequency Structural Simulator is used to simulate and analyze the proposed antenna. The antenna is used as a sensor to detect the salinity and sugar in water in terms of the reflection coefficient. The percentage of salt and sugar in water changes the dielectric properties of the solution and consequently the reflection coefficients also change. The results during the practical observations show that the reflection coefficient decreases with the increment of the percentage of salt and sugar in solution.
A 110–170 GHz spatial power‐combined frequency tripler with 5.7%–7.8% efficiency and 0.5 W power handling
Authors: Deng Jian Qin , Lu Qjjun J. , Yang Yin Tang , Zhu Zhang Ming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, a novel 110–170 GHz balanced tripler is presented with high‐efficiency and high‐power handling. To implement the proposed tripler, a multilayer multiplier scheme is introduced with two‐layer parallel metal fin line transitions and four planar diodes based on spatial power combining concept. Fin line transitions are used to constitute two‐layer ridge waveguides. They divide the input signal to diodes with the same amplitude and combine the third harmonic with output waveguide. The proposed tripler eliminates the dielectric loss and has good balancing characteristic, which enable the tripler to get fabulous performances such as high power handling, high‐efficiency, excellent spectral purity, and so on. The measured results shown that the tripler achieves an efficiency of 5.7%–7.8% with 147–208 mW input power and its power handling is more than 0.5W.
Analysis and optimization of a resistive‐feedback inverter LNA
Authors: Park Jun‐Young , Lee Ji‐Young , Yeo Cheong‐Ki , Yun Tae‐Yeoul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article presents a new transistor size rule for a resistive‐feedback inverter implemented as a low‐noise amplifier (LNA) for wideband applications. To enhance the noise figure (NF) and voltage gain (Av), the inverter LNA requires large transconductance (Gm), resulting in large current consumption (ID). The proposed large‐NMOS inverter‐LNA obtains a better power efficiency (Gm/ID) with a smaller transistor compared with the conventional large‐PMOS structure. Because there are trade‐off relationships between NF, Av, 3‐dB bandwidth, and power dissipation in the inverter‐LNA design, a figure‐of‐merit (FOM) including all of these parameters is maximized by varying the transistor size obtained from the graphical optimization. Thus, the proposed new size ratio rule achieves superior LNA performances compared to the conventional rule, as demonstrated by the theoretical analysis, simulation, optimization, and measurement. Measurements show a maximum power gain of 16.8 dB, a minimum NF of 1.84 dB, and a maximum third‐order input intercept point of −9.4 dBm over 0.05 to 1.4 GHz while the LNA consumes 9.6 mW from a 1.5 V supply. The proposed LNA is implemented using a Samsung 65‐nm RF CMOS process.
Material selection for THz antennas
Authors: Dash Sasmita , Patnaik Amalendu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTHz antennas are gaining interest in many applications. In this article, we compared the performance of THz antennas made up of copper, graphene, and carbon nanotube in a view to choose a suitable material for effective THz antennas. Material properties of these possible materials are analyzed to justify the electromagnetic performance of antennas made out of these materials. A typical dipole antenna with 1THz resonant frequency is used as the candidate antenna to make the comparisons. The graphene antenna shows better electromagnetic performance with their counterparts.
Self‐decoupled compact metal‐frame LTE MIMO antennas for the smartphone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Wan Che‐Chi , Chen Li‐Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTwo self‐decoupled, closely‐spaced, metal‐frame LTE MIMO antennas with compact frame lengths to fit in the short edge of the metal‐framed smartphone are presented. The 2 MIMO antennas include a first antenna covering the LTE low band (LB) in 824–960 MHz and LTE middle/high band (M/HB) in 1710–2690 MHz and a second antenna covering the LTE M/HB in 1710–2690 MHz. With a small ground clearance of 5 mm, the first antenna uses a radiating metal frame (frame 1) of length 47 mm to cover the LTE L/M/HB, while the second antenna uses a radiating metal frame (frame 2) of 23.4 mm for the LTE M/HB coverage. In addition, frames 1 and 2 are closely spaced with a gap of 2 mm only. Wideband decoupling between the 2 antennas for the 2 × 2 MIMO operation in the LTE M/HB is obtained with frame 2 serving as an inherent decoupling structure. That is, frame 2 not only functions as a radiator of the second antenna but also serves as a decoupling structure to attract the surface currents on the system ground plane which causes the coupling of the 2 antennas. Applications of applying another 2 MIMO antennas at the opposite short edge of the smartphone for the 4 × 4 LTE M/HB and 2 × 2 LTE LB MIMO operations are also addressed.
Wideband and high gain antenna arrays for UAV‐to‐UAV and UAV‐to‐ground communication in flying ad‐hoc networks (FANETs)
Authors: Mustaqim Muhammad , Khawaja Bilal A. , Razzaqi Asghar A. , Zaidi Syed Sajjad H. , Jawed Syed A. , Qazi Sameer H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA directional 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 microstrip patch antenna array is proposed for UAV‐to‐UAV and UAV‐to‐ground communication in next generation flying ad‐hoc networks (FANETs). The antenna arrays resonate in the 5 GHz frequency band. These antennas were designed and simulated using Agilent ADS Momentum using Rogers RT/Duroid 5880LZ substrate (ɛr = 1.96 and h = 2.54 mm). A hybrid feed technique is used for the antenna arrays with a quarter‐wave transformer‐based network to match the impedance from the feed‐point to the antenna to 50 Ω. The antenna is optimized to achieve directional radiation pattern by introducing two symmetrical slots at the non‐radiating edges of the patch. The gain achieved for the single‐element antenna, 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 antenna arrays are 7.5 dBi, 9.4 dBi, and 10.8 dBi, respectively, which are ideal for FANET applications to perform communication between the swarms of quad‐rotor copter (QRC) type UAVs. The antenna array design is less complex and can be used for the advanced antenna beam‐steering systems in next generation FANETs.
Wideband dual‐bandpass 0.18‐µm CMOS SPDT switch utilizing dual‐band resonator concept
Authors: Um Youngman , Nguyen Cam 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA fully integrated wideband concurrent dual‐band single‐pole double‐throw (SPDT) switch with integrated dual‐band band‐pass filtering has been developed over two wide bandwidths around 24 and 60 GHz in a 0.18‐µm SiGe BiCMOS process. The developed concurrent dual‐wideband SPDT switch is configured to make it approximately equivalent to a dual‐band resonator in the on‐state operation. It exhibits measured insertion losses and isolations of 5.4 and 31.4 dB, and 5.2 and 16.5 dB at 24 and 60 GHz, respectively. The measured peak stop‐band rejection between the two pass‐bands is 26 dB at 42.3 GHz. With single‐tone 24‐ or 60‐GHz input, the measured input 1‐dB compression points (P1dB) are 20.4 and 17.1 dBm at 24 and 60 GHz, respectively. For concurrent dual‐tone 24‐ and 60‐GHz input, the measured input P1dBs are 17 and 14.5 dBm at 24 and 60 GHz, respectively. The measured input third‐order intercept points are 29.4 and 26.8 dBm at 24 and 60 GHz, respectively.
Dual‐band WLAN MIMO antenna with a decoupling element for full‐metallic bottom cover tablet computer applications
Authors: Chou Jui‐Hung , Chang Jo‐Fan , Lin Ding‐Bing , Wu Tzong‐Lin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA MIMO antenna system based on two dual‐band loop‐slot combination antennas for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications is proposed. The decoupling element for enhancing the port isolation is based on the neutralization line technique. The bandwidth of operation of the proposed antenna covers both the WLAN 2.4 GHz (2.4–2.484 GHz) and 5 GHz (5.15–5.85 GHz) frequency bands using a −10 dB definition. The isolation between the two closed placed antennas is improved to −16 and −23 dB in the WLAN 2.4 and 5 GHz bands, respectively. The size of the proposed antenna is only 60 × 7.5 × 4.5 mm3 with a metal bottom cover underneath and an LCD panel nearby. Good radiation performance, as quantified by the antenna gain and antenna efficiency, is achieved.
A design of equilateral triangular ring SIW cavity‐backed slot antenna for multiband applications
Authors: Wu Yanjie , Zhang Bing , Ding Kang , Li Jianfeng , Wu Duolong , Wang Kun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAn equilateral triangle ring slot antenna with substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity‐backed and multiband characteristics is presented in this article. The proposed antenna consists of an equilateral triangular‐ring slot on the top layer of the substrate, an equilateral triangular ground plane on the bottom and an equilateral triangle SIW cavity. The proposed antenna is fed by a probe. By tuning the position of feeding point, four bands are generated by four different modes which are TM10, TM22, TM12, and TM33. The measured results of the prototype have a good agreement with simulation.
Design of multioctave power amplifiers based on high order resistive‐reactive series of continuous modes
Authors: Yang Zhenxing , Li Mingyu , Yao Yao , Jin Yi , Zhu Mingdong , Jiang Weiliang , Wang Yifan , Li Zhengzhou 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, the high order resistive‐reactive series of continuous modes (H‐R‐R‐SCMs) approach is presented to design multioctave bandwidth power amplifiers (PAs). By introducing the high order resistive term, the ranges of the second harmonic impedances are expanded, which will be very effective for designing the multioctave bandwidth PAs. Based on the proposed method, a broadband high‐efficiency PA working from 0.5 to 3.1 GHz (144% relative bandwidth) is designed. According to the measured results, the PA achieves 12.0–14.3 dB power gain and 12.6–21.4 W output saturation power in the operation band. The drain efficiency varies from 56.3 to 76.6% over the whole multioctave bandwidth.
A method to improve phase noise of oscillator based on triangular SIW resonators
Authors: Du Heng , Yu Xutao , Zhang Hui , Chen Peng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this letter, a double cavity high‐mode substrate integrated resonator (DMSIR) is proposed to design a low phase noise X‐band oscillator. The proposed DMSIR is realized by 2 equilateral triangular substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities, and each triangular SIW cavity operates in high‐order mode. The weak coupling in the high‐order mode of the 2 cavities is performed to improve load Q value and reduce phase noise. To validate this method, the oscillators based on the single cavity high‐mode substrate integrated resonator and fundamental mode substrate integrated resonator are designed and implemented, respectively. Measured results show that, the oscillator based on the DMSIR exhibits the lowest phase noise of −143.1 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz from oscillation frequency of 10.059 GHz, and the figure of merit is −207.5 dBc/Hz.
A wideband 3 decibels arbitrary phase difference branch line coupler
Authors: Gao Liang , Zheng Shao Yong 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA wideband 3 dB branch line coupler with arbitrary phase difference between output ports is proposed. The wideband properties in both amplitude and phase are achieved by utilizing λ/4 coupled line sections. By designing different even and odd impedance of the coupled line matched in different ports, small phase imbalance can be achieved. For validation, two 3 dB couplers with different phase differences (60° and 120°) were designed and fabricated. They were measured to exhibit wide bandwidths of 40.2% and 44.6%, respectively.
Microwave imaging with noise waveforms using FDTD time reversal method
Authors: AlAjmi Ayed R. , Saed Mohammad A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article presents a microwave imaging method based on the time‐reversed finite‐difference time‐domain method (FDTD‐TR) that enhances immunity to undesired interference and jamming signals. The method uses random noise as the source waveform that illuminates the imaging area. Signals scattered by objects in the imaging area are collected on a planar grid, followed by processing through a correlation operation, and then used in the FDTD‐TR algorithm to construct images on any desired plane in the computational domain. The method capability in suppressing interference noise is demonstrated through successful reconstruction of images for a test case consisting of a dielectric object behind a wall. The method is compared to conventional FDTD‐TR methods that fail the same image reconstruction test.
Multibit RFID tag with wideband circular polarization antenna
Authors: Taskhiri Mohammad M. , Soleimani Mohamad , Hashemi Seyed M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, a multibit radio‐frequency identification tag with a wide band antenna is presented. The tag consists of a dual polarization antenna and cascade of spiral resonators. Both linear and circular polarizations are involved in this type of tag. Tag orientation in front of reader and the number of used antennas are improved in this work. The tag operations are validated by fullwave software. The proposed tag is fabricated. The simulated and measured results indicate good performance of tag in a wide frequency bandwidth.
Tunable compact microstrip dual‐band bandpass filter with tapered resonators
Authors: Khani Shiva , Mousavi Seyed Mohammad Hadi , Danaie Mohammad , Rezaei Pejman 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBy exploiting bended microstrip lines and tapered resonators, a new microstrip dual‐band bandpass filter (DBBPF) with tunable center frequency and compact size is proposed, analyzed, and fabricated. The LC equivalent circuit of the basic resonator is introduced to present an analytical description. The proposed filter has two passbands at the center frequencies of 2.4 and 5.7 GHz. The measured data show <0.22 and 0.56 dB insertion losses in the first and second bands, respectively, which are considered as a marked advantage. Furthermore, without increasing the circuit size, the second band can be tuned between 3.85 and 7.5 GHz. Finally, an acceptable similarity is observed between the simulated and measured S‐parameters.
Planar quasi‐isotropic antenna for drone communication
Authors: Imran Hussain Shah Syed , Tentzeris Manos M. , Lim Sungjoon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this article, a planar antenna with quasi‐isotropic radiation pattern is proposed for applications in drone communication. The proposed antenna consists of top‐loaded monopole and slotted loop antennas. The top‐loaded monopole provides a monopole‐like radiation pattern with a planar profile. To compensate for nulls in the monopole radiation pattern, a slotted loop antenna is added. Therefore, when two radiation patterns are combined, a quasi‐isotropic pattern is achieved with a low profile thickness of 7.2 mm. The performance of the proposed antenna is verified by simulation and experimental results. The antenna's 10‐dB impedance bandwidth is in the range of 2–2.4 GHz. The quasi‐isotropic radiation pattern is verified from both simulation and measured results.
Very‐low‐profile, 2.4/5‐GHzWLAN monopole antenna for large screen‐to‐body‐ratio notebook computers
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA very‐low‐profile, 2.4/5‐GHz monopole antenna well suited for large screen‐to‐body‐ratio notebook computers with an ultra‐thin bezel for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications is presented. The antenna height was 4 mm only, and the design was constructed on a low‐cost dielectric substrate of size 4 mm × 30 mm to be easily placed within the ultra‐thin bezel surrounding the top edge of the notebook computer display. The antenna consisted of two radiating arms of unequal lengths to generate the lower and the higher bands. By properly loading each radiating arm with a shorting chip inductor, the proposed antenna was capable of generating the 2.4‐GHz (2400–2484 MHz) and the 5‐GHz (5150–5825 MHz) WLAN bands with a very low antenna profile. Good radiation characteristics were also obtained. The proposed design provides a feasible solution to the internal small antennas demanded by the current trend of the thin‐bezel notebook computers.
Sexual Dimorphism in Pelvic Fin Length of Two Endangered Freshwater Atherinopsid Species with High Aquaculture Potential
Authors: Martínez-Chávez C Cristian , Alarcón-Silva Eugenia M , Martínez-Palacios Carlos A , Navarrete-Ramírez Pamela , Raggi Luciana , Corona-Herrera Guillermo A , López García Jesús , Strüssmann Carlos A , Ross Lindsay G 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The endemic Mexican silversides of Lake Pátzcuaro (Pike Silverside Chirostoma estor) and Lake Chapala (Blacknose Silverside C. promelas) are endangered fish species of great socioeconomic importance in the region. Since the last decade, much progress has been made to close the life cycle in captivity and in promoting the aquaculture of these species. The lack of standardized husbandry and broodstock management practices, including sex discrimination, is a bottleneck to the commercial culture of these species. Recent observations have suggested a possible difference between the length of the pelvic fins of males and females. To explore these observations, biometric measurements were taken from Pike Silverside and Blacknose Silverside broodstocks, comprising body weight, SL, distance from the base of the pelvic fin to the genital pore (BPF), and distance from the tip of pelvic fin to the genital pore (TPF). The latter measurements were used to calculate the TPF/BPF ratio. Sex-specific differences were found in BPF, TPF, and TPF/BPF for both species, clearly indicating a sexually dimorphic characteristic not previously reported in any atherinopsid. This study reveals for the first time the presence of a noticeable sexually dimorphic and externally evident trait in two closely related atherinopsid species, which provides a simple morphometric technique for sex discrimination that minimizes manipulation and thus avoids overstressing or killing the fish.
Therapeutic effect of TAC‐302, a cyclohexenoic fatty alcohol derivative, on bladder denervation‐related storage and voiding dysfunctions in rats
Authors: Yoshida Shohei , Noma Takahisa , Miyoshi Kazuhisa , Tsukihara Hiroshi , Orimoto Naoki , Hakozaki Atsushi , Sasaki Eiji 
Published: April 2018

AimsTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of TAC‐302, a cyclohexenoic fatty alcohol derivative, on bladder denervation‐related storage and voiding dysfunctions in rats with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO).MethodsBOO was achieved by partial ligature of the proximal urethra in female rats. Two weeks later, BOO rats were divided into two groups and treated orally with vehicle or 10 mg/kg TAC‐302 twice a day for 4 weeks. Urodynamic and immunohistochemical evaluation of the bladder muscle layer was performed. In another study, the BOO rats were treated with intravenous tamsulosin at cystometry. The detrusor contractility in each group was evaluated using the modified Shafer's nomogram.ResultsTwo weeks after BOO, the rats showed significant increases in non‐voiding contraction (NVCs) and residual urine volume (RUV) compared to the sham group. Moreover, 6 weeks after BOO, BOO vehicle rats showed significant increases in NVCs and RUV and decreases in detrusor contractility and in the nerve fiber density in the urinary bladder compared to the sham group. BOO‐induced denervation of the urinary bladder was partially improved by oral treatment with TAC‐302. Oral treatment with TAC‐302 significantly reduced the amplitude and frequency of NVCs (P < 0.05) and increased detrusor contractility and tended to reduce RUV compared with the BOO vehicle group. In contrast, the intravenous administration of tamsulosin significantly reduced the frequency of NVCs, but not RUV.ConclusionsTAC‐302 improved storage and voiding dysfunctions by improving bladder denervation and detrusor underactivity even when the treatment was started after storage and voiding dysfunctions had already occurred.