bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LIDAL (Light Ion Detector for ALTEA): a compact Time-Of-Flight detector for radiation risk assessment in space
Authors: Rizzo A , Berucci C , De Donato C , Di Fino L , Lamastra F R , La Tessa C , Masciantonio G , Messi R , Morone C , Picozza P , Rovituso M , Tommasino F , Narici L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Manned space missions towards Moon and Mars planned in the next decades require a reliable radiation risk assessment considering the long time exposure of astronauts (up to years) to different radiation fields. The radiation environment inside a human space habitat, generated by the interaction of the Galactic Cosmic Rays and occasionally of Solar Particle Events with the spacecraft hull, is peculiar due to its composition (ions from Hydrogen to Iron, knock out neutrons) and the large kinetic energy range of the particles. For this reason the risk assessment approach used for astronauts in space is quite different from the one used on Earth. In this approach the risk for astronauts is evaluated calculating factors which score the risk in function of physical characteristics of the single particle, like the quality factor Q (related to the radiation ionizing power) or the squared ratio between the charge (Z) and velocity (β) of the particle (Z
2/β
2).
LIDAL-ALTEA (Light Ion Detector for ALTEA - Anomalous Long Term Effects on Astronauts) is an experimental apparatus which will allow to evaluate for the first time in the field the Z
2/β
2 risk factor of the single detected particle on-board the International Space Station.
The LIDAL system is a Time-Of-Flight detector designed to work paired to three Silicon Detector Units of the ALTEA, which will measure the deposited energy of the passing particle. The velocity of the particle (β), calculated from the Time-Of-Flight measurement performed by LIDAL, allows to evaluate the particle electric charge once related to the deposited energy measured by ALTEA. A first LIDAL prototype has been developed by the University of Rome “Tor Vergata” and tested at TIFPA (Trento Insistute for Fundamental Physics Applications) proton beam line, in order to evaluate the timing performances of the detector. Results are briefly presented and the current status of the apparatus production is discussed in view of the launch scheduled for 2019.
Mathematical and geophysical methods for searching anomalies of the Radon signal related to earthquakes
Authors: Ambrosino F , De Cesare W , Roca V , Sabbarese C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A detailed analysis of a time-series of the Radon (222Rn) specific activity is carried out to identify anomalies that can be correlated with earthquakes occurrence in the monitored area. New hybrid methods are developed for this purpose and the advantages of each single component method are exploited. These methods are applied to two-years data series recorded continuously in the soils of a site within the seismo-volcanic area of Phlegrean Fields (Naples-Italy). Since the measurement system distinguishes and separately measures the 222Rn and 220Rn, an alternative estimation of the remote fraction of the gas and its anomalies has been also performed using the 220Rn trend. The results of different methods are compared to recognize and to highlight Radon anomalies. Clear relationships have been found between anomalies and earthquakes of local origin and selected according to a specific formula of the earthquake preparation zone. The effectiveness of the methods and the goodness of the results are established by the high values of the cross correlation factors between the anomalies and the occurrence of the earthquakes.
Inverse β-decay: a twin-model with boson fields
Authors: Blasone M , Lambiase G , Luciano G G , Petruzziello L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In line with a series of previous works, in this paper we discuss the inverse β-decay of accelerated protons p → n + e
+ + νe
. To make the calculation of the transition rate easier to handle, we focus on an ideal “twin-process”, assuming the counterparts of lepton fields to be scalars. The rate of p → n conversions is evaluated in both the laboratory and comoving frames, showing that the two results perfectly agree due to the Unruh effect. In spite of the minimal setting, we stress that this model is an attempt to wash technical difficulties out of the analysis of the inverse β-decay. The future goal is to investigate the concerns recently raised in literature about the compatibility of the two rates when neutrino mixing is taken into account.
Assessing future climate change impacts in the EU and the USA: insights and lessons from two continental-scale projects*
Authors: Ciscar Juan-Carlos , Rising James , Kopp Robert E , Feyen Luc 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Climate change will impact many economic sectors and aspects of natural and human wellbeing. Quantifying these impacts as they vary across regions, sectors, time, and social and climatological scenarios supports detailed planning, policy, and risk management. This article summarises and compares recent climate impact assessments in Europe (the JRC PESETA III project) and the USA (the American Climate Prospectus project). Both implement a multi-sector perspective combining high resolution climate data with sectoral impact and economic models. The assessments differ in their coverage of sectors and scenarios, mix of empirical and process-based methods, handling of uncertainty, and representation of damages. Despite the dissimilarities, projected relative economic impacts are comparable, with human mortality as the dominant impact category. Both studies further show a large spatial heterogeneity of impacts that may amplify pre-existing economic inequality in the EU and US, and that mitigation can considerably reduce economic impacts. The comparison highlights the various decision-points involved in interdisciplinary climate impact modelling and lessons learnt in both projects, on the basis of which we provide recommendations for further research.
Five hundred years of anthropogenic mercury: spatial and temporal release profiles*
Authors: Streets David G , Horowitz Hannah M , Lu Zifeng , Levin Leonard , Thackray Colin P , Sunderland Elsie M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
When released to the biosphere, mercury (Hg) is very mobile and can take millennia to be returned to a secure, long-term repository. Understanding where and when Hg was released as a result of human activities allows better quantification of present-day reemissions and future trajectories of environmental concentrations. In this work, we estimate the time-varying releases of Hg in seven world regions over the 500 year period, 1510–2010. By our estimation, this comprises 95% of all-time anthropogenic releases. Globally, 1.47 Tg of Hg were released in this period, 23% directly to the atmosphere and 77% to land and water bodies. Cumulative releases have been largest in Europe (427 Gg) and North America (413 Gg). In some world regions (Africa/Middle East and Oceania), almost all (>99%) of the Hg is relatively recent (emitted since 1850), whereas in South America it is mostly of older vintage (63% emitted before 1850). Asia was the greatest-emitting region in 2010, while releases in Europe and North America have declined since the 1970s, as recognition of the risks posed by Hg have led to its phase-out in commercial usage. The continued use of Hg in artisanal and small-scale gold mining means that the Africa/Middle East region is now a major contributor. We estimate that 72% of cumulative Hg emissions to air has been in the form of elemental mercury (Hg0), which has a long lifetime in the atmosphere and can therefore be transported long distances. Our results show that 83% of the total Hg has been released to local water bodies, onto land, or quickly deposited from the air in divalent (HgII) form. Regionally, this value ranges from 77% in Africa/Middle East and Oceania to 89% in South America. Results from global biogeochemical modeling indicate improved agreement of the refined emission estimates in this study with archival records of Hg accumulation in estuarine and deep ocean sediment.
Multivariate time series classification analysis: State-of-the-art and future challenges
Authors: Handhika T , Murni  , Lestari D P , Sari I 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the era of big data and internet of things (IoT) revolution, it is possible to observe some variables for an object in real time, e.g. sensor data obtained from one or more sensor devices. In addition to extrapolate these data simultaneously, the other hot issue is how to use these data for classifying some variables into some groups, respectively. Multivariate time series classification (MTSC) analysis provides various models to represent this problem according to its characteristics. In this paper, we tried to summarize state-of-the-art methods for MTSC analysis complete with their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, we also focused on some limitations from previous research for developing MTSC analysis in the future.
Prediction of corrosion rate in SA 283 material affected by differences soil type in controlled environments.
Authors: Putra Reza , Muhammad  , Huzni Syifaul , Fonna Syarizal 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Research has been done on corrosion rates growth in SA 283 material which is influenced by differences in soil types in controlled environments. A283 grade D materials which are carbon steel formed into pipes with a diameter of 30" which is used to distribute raw water for industrial needs. Weight loss methods that are in accordance with the ASTM G 162 standard have been used in this study. The buried time of the test specimen is 720 hours as one of the variables in calculating the value of the corrosion rate that occurs. The study was conducted at the Laboratory by controlling the soil structure, reducing potential, moisture level, soil pH level so that it did not change. The results of the study on soil types with a potential redox value of 60.6 mV with a pH level of 5.67 showed the greatest corrosion rate in material A283 that is 19.67 MPY or equal to 0.499 mm/yr. The results of this study concluded that the type of soil and its environment greatly affect the corrosion rate of carbon steel, so special attention is needed in protecting the pipe from corrosion attack.
The Investigation of Mechanical Behaviour of OPEFB Fibre Reinforced Foam Material Concrete to High Speed Impact Loads
Authors: Fitriadi Nuzuli , Syam Bustami 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The development of the palm oil industry today is increasing rapidly. The result of the palm oil industry is often a waste of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB). OPEFB can be processed into fibres that can ultimately be used as an engineering material. Concrete foam is one kind of lightweight concrete that uses foam as light aggregate. Concrete foam is made by stirring a mixture of cement, sand and water and the foam that has been created by using a foam generator to create the foam separately. Once the foam is formed and then incorporated into the concrete mixture into the mould. OPEFB fibres are used as reinforcement of lightweight concrete that participated in the mixed grout. The purpose of this study is to obtain the maximum tensile stress in the concrete foam to high-speed impact. The mechanical strength of the material is to impact loads obtained by 2 gage testing method by using an air gun compressor machine. High-speed impact the test results obtained by the average tensile stress is 4.54MPa at a distance of 50mm impact and pressure 0.3MPa. This indicates that the concrete foam reinforced OPEFB fibres is more effective to absorb the impact loads lighter than the brick found in the market.
Experimental Review on Influence of Inlet Disturbance Body (IDB) at 30° Against Inhibitory Force Reduction on Three Circular Cylinders with Composed of Stagger (Variation L/D(constant=2), T/D = 1.5, 2, 3 & 4)
Authors: Cut B , Akram R , Iskandar  , Rahman A , Zulfri M , Nazaruddin  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Research on the characteristics of the fluid flow across the bluff body has been carried out and placed in a variety / setting, let alone research on fluid flow across three circular cylinder arranged stagger by placing 2 (two) Inlet Disturbance Body (IDE) as a bully in front. This effort is usually done to reduce the normal force, shear force, and drag force that occurs in the bluff body of the three circular cylinders. This research was conducted experimentally in mechanics laboratories and fluid machines using subsonic wind tunnels and tested at Re = 2.2x104 based on the diameter of a circular cylinder. Variations used are longitudinal distance ratio (L/D) = 2 with a circular cylinder diameter (D = 25 mm) and transverse distance ratio (T/D) = 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 and IDE placement on the upper and lower sides from cylinder 1 (upstream) in the form of a cylinder with a diameter (d = 4mm) at 30 °. The results showed that the use of IDB at position 30° can reduce the drag force that occurs in cylinder 1 (upstream) 36 to 53% compared to with no IDE, while for cylinder 2 (upstream), the drag is higher for (T/D) = 1.5, 2 and 3 are 3.2 to 22% and at (T/D) = 4 the drag force is reduced to 9% again. About cylinder 3 (downstream - down) in the stagger configuration with IDB 30°, the drag is 4.8 to 44% higher for all distance variations (T/D) compared to the stagger configuration with no IDE. Variation in distance (T/D) also greatly affects the distribution of pressure coefficients that occur with the three circular cylinders with a stagger arrangement, causing a difference in the distribution of the drag pressure coefficient (Cdp
) and also the velocity profile behind the 3 circular cylinders with the stagger arrangement.
Failure analysis of boiler leakage due to caustic corrosion on Cr-Mo steel
Authors: Awwaluddin Muhammad , Hastuty Sri , Riyandwita Byan Wahyu , Zacharias Petrus , Siswanto Edy 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
In the system of steam generation, condenser and boiler are the most prone to suffer corrosion attack. It usually occurs due to the interaction between the pipe surface that made from steel with the fluid of boiler. One of the dangerous types of failure is pitting corrosion. There are several causes of pitting corrosion, such as; the oxygen content in the fluid, the amount of contaminants that may easily form a deposit on the Cr-Mo steel surface, and the use of improper concentration of inhibitors. The electrochemical process takes place during the occurrence of pitting corrosion. Failure analysis of the boiler water-wall tube is presented in this work. In order to examine the causes of failure, various techniques including visual inspection, optical microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy were carried out. Tube wall thickness measurements were performed on the failed tube. The water-facing side of the tube was observed to have experienced significantly localized wall thinning. The failure mechanism is suggested as oxidation due to caustic corrosion as a result of inappropriate usage of phosphate inhibitors.
Experimental Study of Heat-Absorbent Foam Concrete Wall Based Macro-Encapsulation of Beef Tallow/Damar Gum in Building
Authors: Ismida Y , Amin M , Hamdani  , Amna U , Fazri  , Akbar C 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Generally, the foam concrete that designs as the current building wall is without considering the heat absorbent. Therefore, it is necessary to find additional materials that able to absorb the heat energy. One of them is Phase Change Material (PCM). Beef tallow is an organic material of PCM that has a high heat storage capability. Commonly, an aggregate requires in the manufacture of foam concrete as reinforcement materials. This aggregate can be changed with macro-encapsulation of PCM. This study aimed to find the ability of foam concrete based macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum in absorb heat energy that will be applied in building walls. This research was conducted experimentally with the primary materials of cement, fine sand, water, foam agent, catalyst, sika, and macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum. This foam concrete wall was made with the dimension of 80 x 80 x 10 cm and varied with a mixture of beef tallow / damar gum of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%, respectively. The wall concrete heater was simulated with using four lamps with the power of 200 watts. The type-K thermocouple was placed on samples at 2 points, inside and on the surface, which connected with Agilent 34970A. The results showed that the effect of adding PCM resulted in a decreasing of the temperature inside and on the surface of foam concrete walls. The amount of temperature decreases due to the addition of 5% PCM is from 51.9 °C to 44.7 °C or decreased by 13.87% inside of foam concrete walls and 75.64 °C to 51.9 °C or down to 21.87% on the surface of foam concrete walls. Overall, this foam concrete based macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum is better to use as heat-absorbent in building wall application compare with foam concrete wall without using macro-encapsulation of beef tallow/damar gum.
Synthesis and Characterization Thermal of Polyurethane/MMT from Castor Oil Polyols for Coating
Authors: Zaimahwati  , Yuniati  , Jalal R , Rihayat T , Zhafiri S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this research overall is the manufacture of polyurethane nanocomposite from castor oil with the addition of montmorillonite nanoparticles as coating material. This study consists of several stages, the manufacture of montmorillonite nanoparticles (MMT), the process of forming polyols from castor oil by epoxidation and hydroxylation reactions with catalysts. The manufacture of polyurethanes (PU) by reacting polyols from castor oil and organic montmorillonite nanoparticles was then characterized and applied to polyurethane nanocomposites as coating materials. Organic montmorillonite nanoparticles are made by an intercalation process with cetyl trimetyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Polyurethane nanocomposite was prepared by adding organic montmorillonite nanoparticles in polyols before being mixed with toluene diisocyanate. The effectiveness of polyurethane nanocomposites as heat-resistant coatings was determined by thermal properties with thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) equipment, then the adhesive strength was tested and the morphological properties of the material coating. The manufacture of polyurethane nanocomposite from castor oil as a film coating is applied to material and characterization.
Analysis of the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) to Minimize Six Big Losses of Pulp Machine: A Case Study in Pulp and Paper Industries
Authors: Sayuti M , Juliananda  , Syarifuddin  , Fatimah  
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is a method of measuring the usage effectiveness of the equipment. This method is known as an application of a Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) program. The ability to clearly identify the source of problem and it causal factors is the main advantage of this method since the improvement effort becomes focused. Pulp and Paper Industries is one of the manufacturing companies that produce dissolving pulp products (rayon fibre). Based on data from the fibre line department, for the period of January - July 2016, the production process of rayon fibre often experienced constraints due to the high downtime and losses in the pulp machine. This is caused of using production process equipment that had not operate optimally. It is important to find out the source of the problem and its causal factors before the company makes any improvement effort. This study aims to identify equipment losses and measure the achievement of OEE values in the pulp machine. The measurement result shows that the average of the effectiveness of pulp machine for the period of January - July 2016 was 74.01% and based on Japan Institute of Plant Maintenance (JIPM) the value has not reached the standard that is > 85%, however, there is still possibility for improvement. One of the loss factors that give the most significant effect on the overall equipment effectiveness of the pulp machine is the reducing speed, where it comprises 27.6% of the loss. One way to minimize the loss is by maintaining the actual speed of operation and maintaining wear on each pulp machine roll.
The analysis of groundwater quality around a material (solid waste) recovery facility (a case study of the Merdeka 2 material recovery facility in Depok, West Java)
Authors: Adriansyah H S , Hartono D M , Suwartha N , Gusniani I 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Merdeka 2 Material Recovery Facility (MRF) is an organic waste management facility located in West Java. MRF also produces leachate water which came from organic waste that could potentially pollute shallow groundwater around the facility. Purpose of this study is to obtain knowledge regarding amount of MRF’s waste intake and composition, composition of leachate water that came from the waste, and the groundwater quality around MRF with parameters including pH, temperature, BOD, COD, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia, KMnO4, Iron (Fe), and Fecal Coliform. Quality of the groundwater was analysed by knowing pollution rate based on pollution index and its association with distance variation from MRF. Results showed that amount waste that came to the facility is 0.954 ton/day with an average of waste volume 1449.20 l/day and consists of 93.4% organic waste and 6.4% non-organic waste. For MRF’s leachate water quality showed that pH, temperature, BOD and COD parameters exceeded over required standard. Shallow groundwater around MRF showed that average rate of pH, BOD, COD, Nitrate parameters is still above required standard and other parameters average is still in required standard and there is no significant correlation between distance variation with the groundwater. It can be concluded that the pollution index of the local’s shallow groundwater fall into low to mid polluted category.
Comparison Between Surfactant and Chitosan Organo-kaolin Adsorbents to Remove Metal and Organic Compound in Peat Water
Authors: Syafruddin  , Putra A , Hidayat M S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study compares adsorbents to remove metal and organic compounds in peat water solution. The kaolin adsorbent was modified with organic compounds (organo-kaolin). Modifications used two types of organic compound namely surfactant and chitosan with the organic compound concentration used of 15%, 39% and 45% respectively from the total weight of 200 grams adsorbent. The contact time used was 30 minutes with stirring speed of 90 rpm. The concentration of metal ion Fe and organic compound was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) (Shimadzu UV-1800) and Total Organic Carbon (TOC), the determination of the characteristics for wavelengths before and after treatment used Spectrophotometer Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) IR Prestige-2, while organo-kaolin surface morphology used SEM. The results of the study show that organo-kaolin surfactant and chitosan successfully reduces Fe metal ion in water up to 91.8% and 88.2% of the initial concentration of 2.07 mg/L from peat water. Both organo-kaolin modification (surfactant and chitosan) ability to remove organic compound was 46.7% and 35.7%. The results of FTIR spectra testing and SEM test also show differences before and after the absorption of the metal ion Fe and organic compounds.