bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase potentiates the apoptotic and antimetastatic effects of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors on metastatic DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells
Authors: Rencüzoğullari Özge , Arısan Elif Damla , Obakan Yerlikaya Pinar , Çoker Gürkan Ajda , Keskin Buse , Palavan Ünsal Narçin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurvalanol and roscovitine are specific cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors, which have antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on various types of cancer. Although, the apoptotic accomplishment of purvalanol and roscovitine was elucidated at the molecular level, the underlying exact of drug‐induced apoptosis through mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling still speculative. In addition, the role of CDK inhibitors in the downregulation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)‐mediated epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the potential effect of each CDK inhibitors on cell proliferation, migration, and generation of reactive oxygen species due to the inhibition of MAPKs in metastatic DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells. We reported that purvalanol and roscovitine induced mitochondria membrane potential loss–dependent apoptotic cell death, which was also characterized by activation of several caspases, cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 in DU145 and PC3 cells. Cotreatment of either purvalanol or roscovitine with ERK1/2 inhibitor, U0126, synergistically suppressed cell proliferation, and induced apoptotic action. Also, ERK1/2 inhibition potentiated the effect of each CDK inhibitor on the downregulation of EMT processes via increasing the epithelial marker and decreasing mesenchymal markers through reduction of Wnt signaling regulators in DU145 cells. This study provides biological evidence about purvalanol and roscovitine have apoptotic and antimetastatic effects via MAPK signaling on prostate cancer cell by activation of GSK3β signaling and inhibition of phosphoinositide‐3‐kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) pathways involved in the EMT process.
An eight‐long noncoding RNA expression signature for colorectal cancer patients’ prognosis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chen Shuo , Wang Boxue , Su Yinan , Li Shuyuan , Liu Guisheng , Zhang Xipeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently emerged as important biomarkers of cancer progression. Here, we proposed to develop a lncRNA‐based signature with a prognostic value for colorectal cancer (CRC) overall survival (OS). Through mining microarray datasets, we analyzed the lncRNA expression profiles of 122 patients with CRC from Gene Expression Omnibus. Associations between lncRNA and CRC OS were firstly evaluated through univariate Cox regression analysis. A random survival forest method was applied for further screening of the lncRNA signature, which resulted in eight lncRNAs, including PEG3‐AS1, LOC100505715, MINCR, DBH‐AS1, LINC00664, FAM224A, LOC642852, and LINC00662. Combination of the eight lncRNAs weighted by their multivariate Cox regression coefficients formed a prognostic signature, through which, we could divide the 122 patients with CRC into two subgroups with significantly different OS. Good robustness of the lncRNA signature's prognostic value was verified through an independent data set consisting of 55 patients with CRC. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis indicated the potential association between high prognostic value and oxygen metabolism‐related processes. This result should indicate that lncRNAs could be a useful signature for CRC prognosis.
Isolated elevation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in an asymptomatic patient due to macro‐AST
Authors: González Raya Arturo , Coca Zúñiga Ramón , Martín Salido Eva 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundA rare and benign cause of isolated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increase is due to the presence of macro aspartate aminotransferase (macro‐AST). Macro‐AST is not usually considered by clinicians, leading to a large number of unnecessary and even invasive tests before diagnosed. Most commonly used laboratory methods for detection of macro‐enzymes are precipitation with polyethylene glycol (PEG), ultracentrifugation and gel filtration chromatography (GFC).MethodsWe report a case of an asymptomatic patient with persistent isolated AST elevation. PEG precipitation and an alternative method based on the low stability of this macro‐enzyme were performed on the patient serum.ResultsMacro‐AST was early detected by the laboratory observing a significant decrease in AST concentrations when the serum is stored at 4ºC.ConclusionsMacro‐AST detection based in this method can be very useful as screening, especially in those laboratories where other technologies are not available. Macro‐AST must be considered as cause of unexplained isolated AST elevations before prior investigations to avoid the consequent cost and potential harm to the patient. In our case, early detection of macro‐AST with this method avoided unnecessary treatment and invasive test such as liver biopsy.
Artificial light at night and captivity induces differential effects on leukocyte profile, body condition, and erythrocyte size of a diurnal toad
Authors: Gastón María S. , Pereyra Laura C. , Vaira Marcos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLight pollution or artificial lighting at night (ALAN) is an emerging threat to biodiversity that can disrupt physiological processes and behaviors. Because ALAN stressful effects are little studied in diurnal amphibian species, we investigated if chronic ALAN exposure affects the leukocyte profile, body condition, and blood cell sizes of a diurnal toad. We hand‐captured male toads of Melanophryniscus rubriventris in Angosto de Jaire (Jujuy, Argentina). We prepared blood smears from three groups of toads: “field” (toads processed in the field immediately after capture), “natural light” (toads kept in the laboratory under captivity with natural photoperiod), and “constant light” (toads kept in the laboratory under captivity with constant photoperiod/ALAN). We significantly observed higher neutrophil proportions and neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio in toads under constant light treatment. In addition, we observed significantly better body condition and higher erythrocyte size in field toads compared with captive toads. In summary, ALAN can trigger a leukocyte response to stress in males of the diurnal toad
M. rubriventris. In addition, captivity can affect the body condition and erythrocyte size of these toads.
Heating sensation in patients with and without spinal fixation devices during MRI examination at different magnetic field strengths
Authors: Yamaguchi Taiki , Abe Yuichiro , Ichino Yoshio , Satoh Shigenobu , Masuda Takeshi , Kimura Shoichi , Ito Manabu , Yamamoto Toru 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundRadiofrequency (RF) heating during MRI theoretically increases with magnetic field strength. In addition, implanted metallic devices are reported to further increase RF heating. However, a detailed evaluation of this type of heating remains scarce in clinical practice.PurposeTo assess possible risks and discomfort related to RF heating during MRI examinations of patients with and without metallic implantable devices.Study TypeA retrospective study of previous questionnaire results on the heating sensation during MRI examinations of the lumbar spine.SubjectsIn all, 715 patients, of whom 101 had implanted lumbar spine fixation devices.Field Strength/Sequence1T and 3T/T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging.AssessmentThe number of patients who perceived heating around the lumbar spine or other regions during the MRI examination.Statistical TestsA chi‐square test with respect to static field strength B0, presence of lumbar spine fixation devices, and duration of the MRI examination.ResultsThe number of patients who perceived heating around the lumbar spine during the MRI examination significantly increased from 5.0% at 1T to 47.5% at 3T (P < 0.001), without a significant difference between patients with and without lumbar spine fixation devices (P = 0.23 at 1T, P = 0.48 at 3T), and regardless of the duration of the MRI examination (P = 0.88 at 1T, P = 0.15 at 3T).Data ConclusionSensation of RF heating increased by around 10 times from 1T to 3T MRI examination, but the influence of implanted lumbar spine fixation devices on the RF heating sensation has not been observed.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:525–533.
Summarizing the 4D image stack of ultrafast dynamic contrast enhancement MRI of breast cancer in 3D using color intensity projections
Authors: Cover Keith S. , Duvivier Katya M. , de Graaf Pim , Wittenberg Rianne , Smit Ruth , Kuijer Joost P.A. , Hofman Mark B.M. , Slotman Ben J. , Verdaasdonk Ruud M. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundEach ultrafast dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI sequence for breast cancer generates thousands of images in a 4D stack that need to be reviewed by a radiologist.PurposeTo assess whether color intensity projections (CIP) effectively summarizes—using only the time of arrival (ToA) and amount of signal enhancement (AoE) of the contrast agent—the thousands of ultrafast images.Study TypeRetrospective cohort clinical trial.SubjectsThe study included 89 patients who had been scanned with an MRI beast protocol, of which 26 had breast cancer and 63 did not.Field Strength/SequenceThe 115‐second ultrafast DCE sequence at 3T acquired 19 consecutive frames every 4.26 seconds with 152 slices per frame, yielding a 4D stack with 2888 2D images for each of water and fat.AssessmentFor each slice of the water 4D stack a single CIP image was generated that encoded the ToA in the hue (red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue) and AoE in the brightness. Each of three experienced radiologists assigned a Breast Imaging and Reporting Data System (BI‐RADS) score for each patient, first using only the CIP images, and subsequently using both CIP and the full 4D stack.Statistical TestsThe one‐sided Fisher's exact test was used to determine statistical significance of both the sensitivity and specificity between the CIP alone and the CIP plus 4D stack.ResultsAll malignancies were detected using only CIP by at least one of the radiologists. The CIP and CIP+4D sensitivities for reader 1 were 96% and 96% (P = 0.57), specificities were 59% and 65% (P = 0.29). For reader 2, the values were 96% and 100% (P = 0.51) with 62% and 71% (P = 0.17). For reader 3 the values were 92% and 96% (P = 0.50) with 51% and 62% (P = 0.07).Data ConclusionWith a 95% sensitivity, CIP provides an effective summary of ultrafast DCE images of breast cancer.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1391–1399.
Bedside Echocardiography and Passive Leg Raise as a Measure of Volume Responsiveness in the Emergency Department
Authors: Bou Chebl Ralphe , Wuhantu Jeffrey , Kiblawi Shafeek , Carnell Jennifer 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the value of bedside echocardiography with a passive leg raise as a noninvasive marker of volume responsiveness.MethodsThis work was a prospective observational study of patients with end‐stage renal disease presenting to the emergency department. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) velocity time integral (VTI) was obtained. Measurements before and after dialysis as well as before and after the passive leg raise were recorded.ResultsFifty‐four patients were enrolled, in whom the mean volume of fluid removed ± SD was 3.89 ± 0.91 L. In the predialysis cohort, the mean LVOT VTI was 28.05 cm (95% confidence interval [CI], 26.55–29.55 cm). After the passive leg raise, the mean VTI was 28.52 cm (95% CI, 26.98–30.07 cm). In the postdialysis cohort, the mean VTI was 30.31 cm (95% CI, 28.92–31.69 cm), and it increased to 34.91 cm (95% CI, 33.11–36.72 cm) after the passive leg raise. The Δ VTI values were 1.83% (95% CI, 0.12%–3.55%) in the predialysis group and 15.05% (95% CI, 12.76%–17.34%) in the postdialysis cohort. When stratified by fluid removal, the mean Δ VTI values after hemodialysis were 12.64% (95% CI, 9.79%–15.49%) and 16.84% (95% CI, 13.47%–20.22%) for patients who had less than 4 L and 4 L or greater removed, respectively. In patients without congestive heart failure, the Δ VTI was 15.28% (95% CI, 12.25%–18.32%), whereas for those with congestive heart failure, the mean change was 14.63% (95% CI, 10.91%–18.35%).ConclusionsThe LVOT VTI in conjunction with a passive leg raise seems to correlate with the volume status and volume responsiveness.
Informing snake roadkill mitigation strategies in Taiwan using citizen science
Authors: Yue Sam , Bonebrake Timothy C. , Gibson Luke 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTDespite their prevalence in roadkill in East Asia, there has been little research on snake mortality along roads, even though the region's fauna contains some of the highest proportions of threatened or data‐deficient reptiles. We analyzed citizen‐collected roadkill data from Taiwan, comprising >11,000 records of snake roadkill from 2006–2017. We used maximum entropy environmental niche modeling to predict roadkill sighting patterns across snake species differing in habitat use, foraging behavior, and taxonomic group. Roadkill sightings were highest in low to mid‐elevation (i.e., 0–2,000 m) forests and strips of farmland or shrubland that cut through forests; these areas likely support high snake abundances or dispersal activity. Sightings were lowest in urban areas and at high elevations (i.e., >2,000 m), likely because of unfavorable habitat conditions. Road density had little influence on roadkill sightings; areas with dense roads may be of lower habitat quality and contain fewer snakes. Roadkill sighting patterns differed among snake species with different habitat use and behavior. Natural history and landscape factors should be considered in roadkill mitigation design to reduce snake roadkill effectively. We recommend the use of similar citizen‐science projects elsewhere to supplement conservation planning. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Spotted owl foraging patterns following fuels treatments, Sierra Nevada, California
Authors: Gallagher Claire V. , Keane John J. , Shaklee Paula A. , Kramer H. Anu , Gerrard Ross 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWestern dry conifer forests continue to experience increased severe, stand‐replacing wildfire that is outside of historical precedent. Fuels treatments, landscape‐scale modifications of forest fuels and structure, are likely to remain a management tool to modify fire behavior and restore ecological resilience. The impacts of fuels treatments to listed species such as spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) remain uncertain and are contested because of limited available information. To evaluate spotted owl foraging habitat selection in a landscape recently modified by forest fuels‐reduction treatments, we radio‐marked and tracked 10 California spotted owls (S. o. occidentalis) for 2 years immediately following fuels treatment installation in the northern Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We categorized fuels treatments into 3 types: mechanical thin, installed within the study area as landscape‐scale fire breaks characterized by even tree spacing, open understory, and low canopy cover, or group selections; understory thin, a hand‐removal of small trees and shrubs; and understory thin followed by underburn, a controlled surface‐fuel burn that left the overstory intact. We described post‐treatment habitat using forest structural metrics derived from a Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) dataset that was collected 1 year after fuels treatments were completed. We collected 436 spotted owl foraging locations during 2 breeding seasons and evaluated breeding season home range size and composition using a resource selection function. We assessed possible contributors to owl foraging patterns by comparinga priorihypotheses in an information‐theoretic approach and using randomly generated points that estimated available habitat. Spotted owl breeding season home ranges contained fuels treatments in proportion to their availability on the landscape and averaged 17.1% treated area. Within the home range, owl foraging locations in the post‐treatment landscape were best predicted by lower proportions of gaps than anticipated at random, steeper slopes, and minimized distance from the owl's site center. Our results suggest that moderate to high proportions of gaps, typically a feature of forest fuels reduction and restoration treatments, may reduce the probability of spotted owl foraging. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Phytoplankton responses to the 2014–2016 warming anomaly in the northeast subarctic Pacific Ocean
Authors: Peña M. Angelica , Nemcek Nina , Robert Marie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSignificant changes in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton were observed along Line P in the northeast subarctic Pacific as a result of a rapid warming of surface waters in 2014–2015. This feature, labeled “the blob,” reached ~ 4°C above normal and restricted winter ocean–surface nutrient renewal due to increased stratification. As a result, surface nutrients were the lowest observed and nitrate depletion in summer extended farther offshore than in the last three decades. Within this nitrate‐depleted region, there was unusually low phytoplankton biomass and a dramatic increase in the dominance of cyanobacteria, including Prochlorococcus, which had not been previously observed in this region. Farther offshore, in the iron‐limited region, phytoplankton biomass and the abundance of haptophytes and chlorophytes increased during “the blob.” By 2016, surface nutrient and phytoplankton concentrations were still low, but at most of the stations, phytoplankton composition was similar to that observed before the warming occurred, except for an increase in diatoms farther offshore. These changes at the base of the food web could have ecosystem‐wide implications.
Synthesis of Well‐Defined Dihydroxy Telechelics by (Co)polymerization of Morpholine‐2,5‐Diones Catalyzed by Sn(IV) Alkoxide
Authors: Peng Xingzhou , Behl Marc , Zhang Pengfei , Mazurek‐Budzyńska Magdalena , Feng Yakai , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWell‐defined dihydroxy telechelic oligodepsipeptides (oDPs), which have a high application potential as building blocks for scaffold materials for tissue engineering applications or particulate carrier systems for drug delivery applications are synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of morpholine‐2,5‐diones (MDs) catalyzed by 1,1,6,6‐tetra‐n‐butyl‐1,6‐distanna‐2,5,7,10‐tetraoxacyclodecane (Sn(IV) alkoxide). In contrast to ROP catalyzed by Sn(Oct)2, the usage of Sn(IV) alkoxide leads to oDPs, with less side products and well‐defined end groups, which is crucial for potential pharmaceutical applications. A slightly faster reaction of the ROP catalyzed by Sn(IV) alkoxide compared to the ROP initiated by Sn(Oct)2/EG is found. Copolymerization of different MDs resulted in amorphous copolymers with T
gs between 44 and 54 °C depending on the molar comonomer ratios in the range from 25% to 75%. Based on the well‐defined telechelic character of the Sn(IV) alkoxide synthesized oDPs as determined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight measurements, they resemble interesting building blocks for subsequent postfunctionalization or multifunctional materials based on multiblock copolymer systems whereas the amorphous oDP‐based copolymers are interesting building blocks for matrices of drug delivery systems.
Dimensionally Stable Cellulose Aerogel Strengthened by Polyurethane Synthesized In Situ
Authors: Verdolotti Letizia , Stanzione Mariamelia , Khlebnikov Oleg , Silant'ev Vladimir , Postnova Irina , Lavorgna Marino , Shchipunov Yury 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFibrillary cellulose and nanocellulose are widely applied as fillers for the improvement of the mechanical properties, thermostability, and biodegradability of polymers. Here, an opposite concept is suggested which is to use cellulose for structure‐forming and directing the scaffold, whereas polymers serve for its modification. Cellulose possesses excellent properties, but they are badly affected by water; its mechanical strength drops sharply, cellulosic materials swell, become dimensionally unstable, and susceptible to fungal degradation. The deterioration of properties gives no way of using methods of wet chemistry for cellulose treatment. To obviate this problem, dimensionally stable aerogels are prepared from microfibrillated cellulose. Their stability allows them to be treated in solutions of isocyanate. Polyurethane synthesized in situ is attached covalently to cellulose through hydroxyl groups. Polymer coating further stabilizes the 3D microfibrillar network, Young's modulus increases by more than two orders of magnitude and differences in the properties of aerogels in the dried and wetted states are minimized. Improvement of the mechanical strength makes cellulose aerogels better suitable for various applications than present cellulosic materials.
Poly(glycolic acid) Nanofibers via Sea‐Island Melt‐Spinning
Authors: Huang Wei , Huang Xinxin , Wang Peng , Chen Peng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPoly(glycolic acid) (PGA) nanofibers are prepared via the high‐speed sea‐island melt‐spinning process for the first time. Poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) is chosen as the matrix (the“sea”phase) because of its superior spinnability and compatibility with PGA. The process includes melt‐spinning of PLLA/PGA blends at 1.0–2.5 km min−1, hot‐drawing of the as‐spun blend fibers (optional), and dissolving the PLLA phase in chloroform. At an optimal blend ratio, the process is readily conducted, producing ultrafine, uniform, and well‐aligned PGA nanofibers with high degrees of molecular orientation. Studies on morphology evolution of the blends reveal that the PGA phase presents initially as microgranules in the melt blends, breaks into nanogranules in the extruded filaments, and eventually deforms into nanofibers in the as‐spun and drawn fibers. The nanofibers show nearly constant diameters independent of take‐up speed, pointing to phase compatibility dominated mechanism which can be used to establish a viable and flexible production process.
Non‐autonomous forms and invariance
Authors: Dier Dominik 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe generalize the Beurling–Deny–Ouhabaz criterion for parabolic evolution equations governed by forms to the non‐autonomous, non‐homogeneous and semilinear case. Let be Hilbert spaces such that V is continuously and densely embedded in H and let be the operator associated with a bounded H‐elliptic form for all . Suppose is closed and convex and the orthogonal projection onto . Given and , we investigate when the solution of the non‐autonomous evolutionary problem
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201700090:mana201700090-math-0010remains in and show that this is the case if
urn:x-wiley:0025584X:media:mana201700090:mana201700090-math-0012for a.e. . Moreover, we examine necessity of this condition and apply this result to a semilinear problem.