bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobile C‐Arm with a CMOS detector: Technical assessment of fluoroscopy and Cone‐Beam CT imaging performance
Authors: Sheth Niral M. , Zbijewski Wojciech , Jacobson Matthew W. , Abiola Godwin , Kleinszig Gerhard , Vogt Sebastian , Soellradl Stefan , Bialkowski Jens , Anderson William S. , Weiss Clifford R. , Osgood Greg M. , Siewerdsen Jeffrey H. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeIndirect‐detection CMOS flat‐panel detectors (FPDs) offer fine pixel pitch, fast readout, and low electronic noise in comparison to current a‐Si:H FPDs. This work investigates the extent to which these potential advantages affect imaging performance in mobile C‐arm fluoroscopy and cone‐beam CT (CBCT).MethodsFPDs based on CMOS (Xineos 3030HS, 0.151 mm pixel pitch) or a‐Si:H (PaxScan 3030X, 0.194 mm pixel pitch) sensors were outfitted on equivalent mobile C‐arms for fluoroscopy and CBCT. Technical assessment of 2D and 3D imaging performance included measurement of electronic noise, gain, lag, modulation transfer function (MTF), noise‐power spectrum (NPS), detective quantum efficiency (DQE), and noise‐equivalent quanta (NEQ) in fluoroscopy (with entrance air kerma ranging 5–800 nGy per frame) and cone‐beam CT (with weighted CT dose index, CTDIw, ranging 0.08–1 mGy). Image quality was evaluated by clinicians in vascular, orthopaedic, and neurological surgery in realistic interventional scenarios with cadaver subjects emulating a variety of 2D and 3D imaging tasks.ResultsThe CMOS FPD exhibited ~2–3× lower electronic noise and ~7× lower image lag than the a‐Si:H FPD. The 2D (projection) DQE was superior for CMOS at ≤50 nGy per frame, especially at high spatial frequencies (~2% improvement at 0.5 mm−1 and ≥50% improvement at 2.3 mm−1) and was somewhat inferior at moderate‐high doses (up to 18% lower DQE for CMOS at 0.5 mm−1). For smooth CBCT reconstructions (low‐frequency imaging tasks), CMOS exhibited ~10%–20% higher NEQ (at 0.1–0.5 mm−1) at the lowest dose levels (CTDIw ≤0.1 mGy), while the a‐Si:H system yielded slightly (~5%) improved NEQ (at 0.1–0.5 lp/mm) at higher dose levels (CTDIw ≥0.6 mGy). For sharp CBCT reconstructions (high‐frequency imaging tasks), NEQ was ~32% higher above 1 mm−1 for the CMOS system at mid‐high‐dose levels and ≥75% higher at the lowest dose levels (CTDIw ≤0.1 mGy). Observer assessment of 2D and 3D cadaver images corroborated the objective metrics with respect to a variety of pertinent interventional imaging tasks.ConclusionMeasurements of image noise, spatial resolution, DQE, and NEQ indicate improved low‐dose performance for the CMOS‐based system, particularly at lower doses and higher spatial frequencies. Assessment in realistic imaging scenarios confirmed improved visibility of fine details in low‐dose fluoroscopy and CBCT. The results quantitate the extent to which CMOS detectors improve mobile C‐arm imaging performance, especially in 2D and 3D imaging scenarios involving high‐resolution tasks and low‐dose conditions.
Typology of online lotteries and scratch games gamblers' behaviours: A multilevel latent class cluster analysis applied to player account‐based gambling data
Authors: Perrot Bastien , Hardouin Jean‐Benoit , Grall‐Bronnec Marie , Challet‐Bouju Gaëlle 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesInternet gambling is often considered as a risk factor for gambling problems compared with land‐based gambling. In parallel, this online activity generates data that can be useful to characterize Internet gambling behaviours. The objectives were to define a typology of online lotteries and scratch games gamblers' behaviours in order to identify early risky gambling behaviours and to classify gamblers in order to identify individuals with global risky gambling behaviours.MethodsWe performed a multilevel latent class cluster based on player account‐based data of 10,000 gamblers from a French online operator.ResultsWe identified seven clusters of online lotteries and scratch games gamblers' behaviours. A small cluster (3%) was characterized by a very high gambling activity, a high probability of chasing behaviour, a large proportion of bets concerning instant lotteries and scratch games, and a high proportion of women. We also found a group of gamblers having an 81% probability of being each month in this cluster.ConclusionsThe identification of distinct clusters of gambling behaviours and of groups of gamblers having different probabilities of being in these clusters through time could allow the implementation of personalized prevention measures according to the gamblers' profile.
An affective space view on depression and anxiety
Authors: Xu Meng Lin , De Boeck Paul , Strunk Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe circumplex model for core affect is among the most prominent characterizations of emotion and has received extensive empirical support. However, no prior study exists that connects the measurement of depression and anxiety with the core affect structure and the bipolar dimensions of arousal and valence it includes.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the reconcilability between a continuous model based on Russell's core affect system and a discrete entity view on depression and anxiety.MethodsThe data were drawn from the anxiety and depression short forms in the Patient‐Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (N = 763). It consists of 15 items with a 5‐point Likert scale. Ratings of the items in terms of distress and arousal were obtained from experts in emotion research. An approach based on Russell's core affect theory was compared with the common type of factor models in which the items are lined up on clearly separated depression and anxiety dimensions with an empty space in between, as if they are separate and discrete entities. Our alternative model works with a continuous space instead.ResultsThe core affect theory‐based method exhibits a goodness of fit that is comparable with the conventional models.ConclusionsDepression and anxiety can be understood in terms of Russell's bipolar core affect model; the core affect‐based model leaves room for symptoms in the space between dimensions.
T1 and T2 quantification from standard turbo spin echo images
Authors: McPhee Kelly C. , Wilman Alan H. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo extract longitudinal and transverse (T1 and T2) relaxation maps from standard MRI methods.MethodsBloch simulations were used to model relative signal amplitudes from standard turbo spin‐echo sequences: proton density weighted, T2‐weighted, and either T2‐weighted fluid attenuated inversion recovery or T1‐weighted images. Simulations over a range of expected parameter values yielded a look‐up table of relative signal intensities of these sequences. Weighted images and flip angle maps were acquired in 8 subjects at 3 T using both single and multislice acquisitions. The T1 and T2 maps were fit by comparing the weighted images to the look‐up table, given the measured flip angles. Results were compared with inversion recovery and multi‐echo spin‐echo experiments.ResultsA region analysis showed that relaxation maps computed from single‐slice proton density, T2 and T1 weighting provided a mean T1 error of 4% in gray matter and 11% in white matter, and a mean T2 error of 3% and 4%, respectively, in comparison to reference measurements. In multislice acquisitions that are optimized to reduce cross‐talk and incidental magnetization transfer, the mean T1 error was 7% in gray matter and 1% in white matter, and the mean T2 errors were 3% and 4%, respectively. The best T1 results were achieved using proton density, T2 and T1 weighting rather than the fluid attenuated inversion recovery, although T2 maps were largely unaffected by this choice. Incidental magnetization transfer reduced T1 accuracy in standard interleaved multislice acquisitions.ConclusionThrough exact sequence modeling and separate flip angle measurement, T2 and T1 may be quantified from a turbo spin‐echo brain protocol with proton density, T2, and T1 weighting.
Towards a ‘resolution limit’ for DW‐MRI tumor microstructural models: A simulation study investigating the feasibility of distinguishing between microstructural changes
Authors: McHugh Damien J. , Hubbard Cristinacce Penny L. , Naish Josephine H. , Parker Geoffrey J. M. 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo determine the feasibility of extracting sufficiently precise estimates of cell radius,R, and intracellular volume fraction,fi, from DW‐MRI data in order to distinguish between specific microstructural changes tissue may undergo, specifically focusing on cell death in tumors.MethodsSimulations with optimized and non‐optimized clinical acquisitions were performed for a range of microstructures, using a two‐compartment model. The ability to distinguish between (i) cell shrinkage with cell density constant, mimicking apoptosis, and (ii) cell size constant with cell density decreasing, mimicking loss of cells, was evaluated based on the precision of simulated parameter estimates. Relationships between parameter precision, SNR, and the magnitude of specific parameter changes, were used to infer SNR requirements for detecting changes.ResultsAccuracy and precision depended on microstructural properties, SNR, and the acquisition protocol. The main benefit of optimized acquisitions tended to be improved accuracy and precision ofR, particularly for small cells. In most cases considered, higher SNR was required for detecting changes inRthan for changes infi.ConclusionsGiven the relative changes inRandfidue to apoptosis, simulations indicate that, for a range of microstructures, detecting changes inRrequire higher SNR than detecting changes infi, and that such SNR is typically not achieved in clinical data. This suggests that if apoptotic cell size decreases are to be detected in clinical settings, improved SNR is required. Comparing measurement precision with the magnitude of expected biological changes should form part of the validation process for potential biomarkers.
Nerve hydrodissection for carpal tunnel syndrome: A prospective, randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial
Authors: Wu Yung‐Tsan , Chen Si‐Ru , Li Tsung‐Ying , Ho Tsung‐Yen , Shen Yu‐Ping , Tsai Chia‐Kuang , Chen Liang‐Cheng 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we explored the efficacy of nerve hydrodissection for mild‐to‐moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: Thirty‐four participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. One 5‐ml dose of normal saline was injected into the intracarpal and subcutaneous regions in subjects of both groups, respectively. The primary outcome measure was the Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTQ) score. Secondary outcomes were cross‐sectional area of the median nerve and electrophysiological studies. Assessments were performed before the injection and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months postintervention. Results: Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement at the second and third posttreatment months according to BCTQ severity score and at all time‐points for cross‐sectional area of the median nerve (P < 0.01). Discussion: Our study demonstrates the therapeutic effects of nerve hydrodissection for mild‐to‐moderate CTS. Muscle Nerve 59:174–180, 2019
Evidence of a Genetically Distinct Population of Striped Bass within the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Leblanc Nathalie M. , Andrews Samuel N. , Avery Trevor S. , Puncher Gregory N. , Gahagan Benjamin I. , Whiteley Andrew R. , Curry R. Allen , Pavey Scott A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Sound management of a species requires, among other things, careful consideration of their distribution and genetic structure throughout their range. Historically, there were three spawning populations of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis occurring within the Bay of Fundy, Canada (Shubenacadie River, Annapolis River, and Saint John River), but today the only known spawning population is found in the Shubenacadie River, Nova Scotia. The last spawning event recorded (albeit unsuccessful) in the Saint John River was in 1975 shortly after the completion of the Mactaquac Dam in 1968. Adult Striped Bass from other rivers frequent the Saint John River during much of the year, making the presence of adults uninformative about the status of spawning. In the absence of direct indicators of spawning, such as eggs and larvae, genomic tools can provide insight into the genetic origin of the juvenile Striped Bass in the Saint John River. Tissue samples were taken from Striped Bass (ages 1–3; 12.2–35.0 cm TL) captured in the Saint John River and compared with samples from the Shubenacadie River, Hudson River, and Chesapeake Bay. A double-digest RAD-seq technique was used to identify 4,700 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and population structure was assessed using population differentiation statistics (FST) and genetic clustering algorithms. The FST analysis found significant differences among all sample sites, albeit weak differences between Hudson River and Chesapeake Bay samples, and a global FST of 0.101. Genetic clustering analyses and discriminant analysis of principle components both grouped samples into three clusters: the Shubenacadie River, the U.S. populations, and the Saint John River juveniles. Based on these findings and the current understanding of Striped Bass juvenile dispersal, there is strong evidence of a genetically distinct population of Striped Bass within the Saint John River.
A comparison of coil combination strategies in 3D multi‐channel MRSI reconstruction for patients with brain tumors
Authors: Vareth Maryam , Lupo Janine M. , Larson Peder E.Z. , Nelson Sarah J. 
Published: October 2018

The goal of this study was to find the most robust algorithm for a phase‐sensitive coil combination of 3D single‐cycle and lactate‐edited, multi‐channel H‐1 point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) localized echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) data for clinical applications in the brain.Data were acquired over 5–10 minutes at 3T using 8‐ or 32‐channel array coils. Peak referencing with residual water and N‐acetyl‐aspartate, first‐point phasing, generalized least squared (GLS) and whitened singular‐value decomposition (WSVD) combination algorithms were evaluated relative to unsuppressed water with data from a phantom, six volunteers and 55 patients with brain tumors. Comparison metrics were signal‐to‐noise ratio, coefficient of variance and percent signal increase.Where residual water was present, using it as a reference peak for phasing and weighting factors from an imaging calibration scan gave the best overall performance. Greater improvement was seen for large selected volumes (>720 cm3) and for the 32‐channel array (25%) compared with the 8‐channel array (19%). Applying voxel‐by‐voxel phase corrections produced a larger increase in performance for the 32‐ versus 8‐channel coil.We conclude that, for clinically relevant 3D H‐1 PRESS localized EPSI studies, the most robust technique employed individual phase maps generated from high residual water and individual amplitude maps generated from calibration scans.
Comparison of Li+‐ion conductivity in linear and crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide)
Authors: Hasan Nazmul , Pulst Martin , Samiullah Muhammad Haris , Kressler Jörg 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTPolymer electrolytes are of tremendous importance for applications in modern lithium‐ion (Li+‐ion) batteries due to their satisfactory ion conductivity, low toxicity, reduced flammability, as well as good mechanical and thermal stability. In this study, the Li+‐ion conductivity of well‐defined poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) networks synthesized via copper(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition is investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy after addition of different lithium salts. The ion conductivity of the network electrolytes increases with increasing molar mass of the PEO chains between the junction points which is completely opposite to the behavior of their respective uncrosslinked linear precursors. Obviously, this effect is directly related to the segmental mobility of the PEO chains. Furthermore, the ion conductivity of the network electrolytes under investigation increases also with increasing size of the anion of the added lithium salt due to a weaker anti‐plasticizing effect of the more bulky anions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 21–28
Spatio‐temporal dynamics of Varroa destructor resistance to tau‐fluvalinate in Czechia, associated with L925V sodium channel point mutation
Authors: Stara Jitka , Pekar Stano , Nesvorna Marta , Kamler Martin , Doskocil Ivo , Hubert Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtensive application of pyrethroids to control Varroa destructor, an invasive mite devastating bee colonies, has resulted in a global spread of resistant mite populations. In this study, we analyzed the spatio‐temporal dynamics of resistant V. destructor populations in Czechia, stemming from the L925V mutation. Mites were collected during 2011–2018 directly or from winter beeswax debris, and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) and densitometry was used to detect the L925V mutation.RESULTSPooled samples of 10 mites were classified, based on their PCR–RFLP patterns, as tau‐fluvalinate‐sensitive (56%), resistant (9%), or mixed (35%), with the latter including sensitive and resistant homo‐ and heterozygotes. We identified two zones with higher frequencies of resistance, one in southern Moravia and the other in Bohemia. The mutant populations were evenly distributed throughout the monitored districts, with a few temporal and spatial local fluctuations. The greatest increase in resistance was observed in 2016, following massive losses of bee colonies in the winter of 2015. This event appeared to be closely associated with fluctuations in resistant mite populations and their dispersion.CONCLUSIONTwo outbreaks of resistance were detected in Czechia; however, the amount of applied tau‐fluvalinate was not correlated with the frequency of resistance in mites. There was no remarkable increase in mite resistance in 2011–2018, although the use of tau‐fluvalinate increased 40‐fold between 2011 and 2015. PCR–RFLP analysis, performed on mites present in beeswax debris, is a suitable method for monitoring the L925V mutation in V. destructor. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Global second‐order sliding mode control for nonlinear uncertain systems
Authors: Shi Shang , Xu Shengyuan , Zhang Baoyong , Ma Qian , Zhang Zhengqiang 
Published: October 2018

SummarySecond‐order sliding mode (SOSM) control is used to keep exactly a constraint σ of the second relative degree or to avoid chattering phenomenon. Yet, the traditional SOSM controllers are designed based upon the assumption that the uncertainties or their derivatives are bounded by positive constants. In this paper, a global SOSM controller is designed for a general class of single‐input–single‐output nonlinear systems with uncertainties bounded by positive functions. Moreover, a variable‐gain robust exact differentiator is developed such that the SOSM controllers with finite‐time convergence can also be implemented even when the derivative of the constraint σ is unavailable. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Nonlinear H∞ observer design for one‐sided Lipschitz discrete‐time singular systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Yang Yuxia , Lin Chong , Chen Bing 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThis paper investigates the H∞ observer design problem for a class of nonlinear discrete‐time singular systems with time‐varying delays and disturbance inputs. The nonlinear systems can be rectangular and the nonlinearities satisfy the one‐sided Lipschitz condition and quadratically inner‐bounded condition, which are more general than the traditional Lipschitz condition. By appropriately dealing with these two conditions and applying several important inequalities, a linear matrix inequality–based approach for the nonlinear observer design is proposed. The resulting nonlinear H∞ observer guarantees asymptotic stability of the estimation error dynamics with a prescribed performance γ. The synthesis condition of H∞ observer design for nonlinear discrete‐time singular systems without time delays is also presented. The design is first addressed for one‐sided Lipschitz discrete‐time singular systems. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the present approach.
Six Years (2012–2018) of Researches on Catalytic EZH2 Inhibitors: The Boom of the 2‐Pyridone Compounds
Authors: Fioravanti Rossella , Stazi Giulia , Zwergel Clemens , Valente Sergio , Mai Antonello 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEnhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), catalyzes the methylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27) up to its trimethylated form (H3K27me), inducing by this way block of transcription and gene silencing. High levels of H3K27me3 have been found in both hematological malignancies and solid cancers, due to EZH2 overexpression and/or EZH2 mutation. From 2012, a number of highly potent and selective catalytic inhibitors of EZH2 have been reported, almost all bearing a 2‐pyridone group in their structure. Typically, 2‐pyridone inhibitors are selective for EZH2 over other methyltransferases, and some of them are specific for EZH2 over EZH1, others behave as dual EZH2/EZH1 inhibitors. The 2‐pyridone moiety was crucial for the enzyme inhibition, as revealed later by crystallographic studies because it occupies partially the site for the co‐substrate SAM (or the by‐product, SAH) in the binding pocket of the enzyme, accounting for the SAM‐competitive mechanism of action displayed by all the 2‐pyridone inhibitors. The 2‐pyridone warhead is linked to a support substructure, that can be either a bicyclic heteroaromatic ring (such as indazole, see for instance EPZ005687 and UNC1999, or indole, see for instance GSK126, EI1, and the more recent CPI‐1205) or a simple monocyclic (hetero) aromatic ring (tazemetostat, MC3629, (R)‐OR‐S1/2), eventually annulated with the amide chain carrying the 2‐pyridone group (3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline‐1(2H)‐ones). Different substitutions at the support moiety influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the compounds as well as their water solubility. In cancer diseases, the first reported 2‐pyridone inhibitors displayed high antiproliferative effects in vitro and in vivo in lymphomas characterized by mutant EZH2 (such as Y641N), but the most recent compounds exert their anticancer activity against tumors with wild‐type EZH2 as well. The dual EZH2/1 inhibitors have been recently reported to be more effective than EZH2 selective inhibitors in specific leukemias including leukemias cancer stem cells.
Cover Image, Volume 10, Issue 6
Authors: Miller Michael I. , Arguillère Sylvain , Tward Daniel J. , Younes Laurent 
Published: October 2018

The cover image is based on Advanced Review Computational anatomy and diffeomorphometry: A dynamical systems model of neuroanatomy in the soft condensed matter continuum by Michael I. Miller et al., DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1425.
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