bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Response of Local Cocoa Clones of South Sulawesi for Resistance to Dieback Disease Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Authors: Asman Asman , Iwanami Toru , Rosmana Ade , Amin Nur 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTLasiodiplodia theobromae causes several severe diseases in cocoa, including cocoa dieback disease. The dieback caused by L. theobromae on cocoa is considered an emerging disease in Sulawesi. The fungus colonises stem tissues, producing leaf chlorosis, wilting and sudden dieback. To cope with the dieback, selecting and planting existing clones with partial resistance to the pathogen would be a good strategy. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of locally selected cocoa clones in Sulawesi to L. theobromae infection. Ten cocoa clones were assessed in the laboratory and the greenhouse for disease severity caused by an isolate of L. theobromae. The responses of the clones visible in laboratory and greenhouse tests through stem‐wounded inoculation ranged from susceptible to tolerant. The majority of the clones (nine clones) showed a significantly severe dieback and necrotic lesions. In contrast, another clone, designated MCC 02, performed consistently better in suppressing dieback and reducing necrotic lesions. Symptoms on the leaves varied, including chlorotic, yellowing on leaf veins and sudden browning, while in the stem, necrotic lesions and vascular streaking from dark brown to black were consistently visible. The clone MCC 02, with its superior resistance to L. theobromae, holds great potential for use in breeding programs to produce promising progeny clones with good resistance, yield and quality.
The TOR signalling pathway in fungal phytopathogens: A target for plant disease control
Authors: Song Yun , Wang Yaru , Zhang Huafang , Saddique Muhammad Abu Bakar , Luo Xiumei , Ren Maozhi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPlant diseases caused by fungal phytopathogens have led to significant economic losses in agriculture worldwide. The management of fungal diseases is mainly dependent on the application of fungicides, which are not suitable for sustainable agriculture, human health, and environmental safety. Thus, it is necessary to develop novel targets and green strategies to mitigate the losses caused by these pathogens. The target of rapamycin (TOR) complexes and key components of the TOR signalling pathway are evolutionally conserved in pathogens and closely related to the vegetative growth and pathogenicity. As indicated in recent systems, chemical, genetic, and genomic studies on the TOR signalling pathway, phytopathogens with TOR dysfunctions show severe growth defects and nonpathogenicity, which makes the TOR signalling pathway to be developed into an ideal candidate target for controlling plant disease. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the current knowledge on components of the TOR signalling pathway in microorganisms and the diverse roles of various plant TOR in response to plant pathogens. Furthermore, we analyse a range of disease management strategies that rely on the TOR signalling pathway, including genetic modification technologies and chemical controls. In the future, disease control strategies based on the TOR signalling network are expected to become a highly effective weapon for crop protection.
Mapping of drought‐induced changes in tissue characteristics across the leaf profile of Populus balsamifera
Authors: Momayyezi Mina , Chu Cheyenne , Stobbs Jarvis A. , Soolanayakanahally Raju Y. , Guy Robert D. , McElrone Andrew J. , Knipfer Thorsten 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Leaf architecture impacts gas diffusion, biochemical processes, and photosynthesis. For balsam poplar, a widespread North American species, the influence of water availability on leaf anatomy and subsequent photosynthetic performance remains unknown.
To address this shortcoming, we characterized the anatomical changes across the leaf profile in three‐dimensional space for saplings subjected to soil drying and rewatering using X‐ray microcomputed tomography. Our hypothesis was that higher abundance of bundle sheath extensions (BSE) minimizes drought‐induced changes in intercellular airspace volume relative to mesophyll volume (i.e. mesophyll porosity, θIAS) and aids recovery by supporting leaf structural integrity.
Leaves of ‘Carnduff‐9’ with less abundant BSEs exhibited greater θIAS, higher spongy mesophyll surface area, reduced palisade mesophyll surface area, and less veins compared with ‘Gillam‐5’. Under drought conditions, Carnduff‐9 showed significant changes in θIAS across leaf profile while that was little for ‘Gillam‐5’. Under rewatered conditions, drought‐induced changes in θIAS were fully reversible in ‘Gillam‐5’ but not in ‘Carnduff‐9’.
Our data suggest that a ‘robust’ leaf structure with higher abundance of BSEs, reduced θIAS, and relatively large mesophyll surface area provides for improved photosynthetic capacity under drought and supports recovery in leaf architecture after rewatering in balsam poplar.
Sustained Protraction Increases Lengthening of the Mandibular Condylar Process Whilst Changes Its Growth Direction in a Rat Model
Authors: Li Yuan , Liao Naiqi , Wang Ruyi , Pang Lingli , Fu Hengyi , Li Shijia , Zheng Wei , Li Yu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveIn Class II elastics treatment, the mandible is subject to sustained protraction. The study aimed to investigate the morphological and histological changes resulting from sustained mandibular protraction, through establishment of a novel model in rat.Materials and MethodsForty‐eight 4‐week‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, including the 50 and 100 cN protraction groups, and the control. In the two protraction groups, NiTi coil springs were fixed between the metal bands on the maxillary incisors and mandibular molars to pull the mandible forward. CBCT scans were taken immediately before (T0), 2 weeks (T1) and 4 weeks (T2) after the traction. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed at T1 and T2.ResultsIncrease of the condylar process length and angular process length were significantly larger in the two protraction groups than that in the control; however, the condylar process angle (∠CPA) was significantly reduced by the protraction at T2, leading to decreased condylar height. The protraction decreased the condylar cartilage thickness at T1, which recovered to the control level at T2, with no significant changes detected in the expression of SRY‐related high mobility group‐box gene 9 (SOX9) and type II collagen (COL II), two chondrogenic markers.ConclusionThe established rat model is manoeuvrable and reliable, which exerts sustained and measurable mandibular protraction. The sustained protraction increases the lengthening of the mandibular condylar process, but alters its growth direction by causing it to turn downwards.
Contraceptive Intention, Religious Attitudes and Sources of Spirituality in Married Muslim Women: A Descriptive Correlational Study in Türkiye
Authors: Çerçer Zehra , Ayar Duygu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study was carried out to reveal the relationship between contraceptive intents, religious attitudes, and spiritual resources of married Muslim women.MethodsThe study was conducted using a descriptive‐correlational design. The study was conducted with 273 participants between July and November 2023. To collect data, the Personal Information Form, Trait Sources of Spirituality Scale, Ok‐Religious Attitude Scale, and Contraceptive Intent Questionnaire were used. The data were evaluated using Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis, and Spearman correlation tests.ResultsNo significant relationship was found between the total and sub‐scales of the Contraceptive Intent Questionnaire, Trait Sources of Spirituality Scale, and Ok‐Religious Attitude Scale (p > 0.05). A positive and high correlation was detected between the total, emotion, relationship, and behavior sub‐scales of the Trait Sources of Spirituality Scale and Ok‐Religious Attitude Scale (p < 0.05). The contraceptive intent levels of women were found to be associated with some of their socio‐demographic and obstetric variables (age, previous delivery method, sex of existing children, and contraceptive method used). The only variable that showed a significant relationship with all three scales was found to be the sex of the existing children of women.ConclusionSome socio‐demographic and obstetric characteristics of married Muslim women are related to the sex of the child they have, their contraceptive intents, spiritual resources, and religious attitudes. In contraceptive counseling services provided to Muslim women, their religious attitudes and spiritual resources should be taken into consideration.
Chronic pain in older adults with disabilities is associated with cognitive impairment—a prospective cohort study
Authors: Honda Hiroya , Ashizawa Ryota , Kameyama Yuto , Yoshimoto Yoshinobu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain may be an important factor influencing cognitive impairment; however, there is limited research on that link in older adults with disabilities. We aimed to determine the association between chronic pain and cognitive impairment in older adults with disabilities.MethodsThis 24‐month prospective cohort study involved 143 Japanese older adults (≥65 years of age) with long‐term care insurance. Chronic pain was defined as pain persisting for ≥3 months, and cognitive impairment was defined as a Mini‐Mental State Examination score ≤ 23. We employed logistic regression analysis with chronic pain as the independent variable and cognitive impairment as the dependent variable after propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsSixty‐six participants were selected using PSM, and logistic regression analysis showed that chronic pain was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (odds ratio: 4.103, 95% confidence interval: 1.455–11.567, P = 0.008).ConclusionTo prevent cognitive impairment in older adults with disabilities, the management of chronic pain should be considered, as they are related.
Team behaviour in interprofessional collaboration during trauma alerts: A critical incident study from the perspective of radiographers
Authors: Bäckström Marice , Leijon‐Sundqvist Katarina , Lundvall Lise‐Lott , Jonsson Karin , Engström Åsa 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionChallenges in mutual awareness in interprofessional collaboration (IPC) along with relational and cultural barriers among professionals disrupt flow and delay decision‐making in trauma care. Thus, this study explores team behaviours within IPC in trauma teams during trauma alerts from the perspective of radiographers.MethodsA qualitative approach was used with a critical incident technique (CIT) design applying interviews with radiographers within three hospitals in Sweden from May 2022 to May 2023. CIT analysis was conducted with an abductive approach, applying an IPC core competency framework.ResultsThe results present collaborative requirements in trauma care from radiographers' perspective narrating a distribution of team behaviours within trauma team collaboration and fundamental skills in IPC. Behaviours within interprofessional values and ethics were the most reported incidents related to valuing radiographers' contributions to IPC in acute trauma care.ConclusionExploring behaviour through critical incidents associated with core competencies of IPC highlights the importance of interprofessional values as a foundation for successful IPC in the trauma team. The results show deficiencies in inclusive behaviour, influenced by the hierarchical environment of IPC. Power imbalances in this setting are traced to differences in perceived value and shared understanding among team members, possibly rooted in professional identity and culture. A dedicated leader is argued, as the recognition of radiographers' scope of practice in trauma imaging, emphasising the significance of shared decision‐making.Clinical ImplicationsThe findings highlight organisational and relational coordination challenges for optimising competencies in IPC. IPC's success requires reinforcing values and ethics by empowering members' contributions and shared decision‐making. This involves clarifying and recognising responsibilities, particularly for radiographers, ensuring their role in trauma imaging is respected and integrated into decision‐making.
IgA monoclonal gammopathies are accompanied by higher total TGF‐β1 levels than IgG or IgM monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Maslovarić Irina , Kosanović Dejana , Marković Dragana , Prodanović Milan , Savić Olivera , Janjušević Ana , Ilić Vesna , Minić Rajna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe progression of monoclonal gammopathies is affected by a range of factors, including the microenvironment surrounding plasma cells. It is recognized that TGF‐β1 plays a distinct role in stimulating IgA production. Hence, this study aims to investigate whether individuals with serum IgA monoclonal immunoglobulins (paraproteins) exhibit elevated total TGF‐β1 levels compared to those with IgG or IgM paraproteins. To achieve this goal, individuals with a positive laboratory finding of monoclonal gammopathy were segregated according to the paraprotein class as well as according to the type of the light chain. Total TGF‐β1 levels were assessed in blood serum samples containing IgG (n = 50), IgA (n = 46), and IgM (n = 31) paraproteins. Elevated level of TGF‐β1 was confirmed in sera with IgA paraproteins (median 25.8 ng/mL; interquartile range IQR: 19.0–33.7) compared to those having IgG (median: 18.2 ng/mL; IQR: 14.3–22.1; p < 0.001) or IgM paraproteins (21.5 ng/mL; IQR: 15.0–27.4; p = 0.043). Also, a higher TGF‐β1 level was detected in sera with IgMλ than those with IgMκ paraproteins (p = 0.043). This research affirms the role of TGF‐β1 in the pathophysiology of IgA monoclonal gammopathies and the potential switch towards the IgA isotype, known for a less favourable prognosis.
Using case‐based learning to teach evidence‐based practice: A pilot study
Authors: Brock Aleah S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe American Speech–Language–Hearing Association (ASHA) promotes the use of evidence‐based practice (EBP) in the provision of clinical services by speech–language pathologists (SLPs). Therefore, training in the EBP process is vital in the education of future SLPs. Case‐based learning (CBL) has been found effective in facilitating transfer of knowledge and skills in various fields; however, its utilisation to teach EBP to SLP students is understudied.MethodsThis phenomenological investigation explores the use of CBL, an active learning strategy that gives students the opportunity to practice application of knowledge to realistic scenarios, to teach EBP to graduate SLP students. Graduate SLP students worked in small groups to complete an article review activity centred around an assigned hypothetical clinical case. Students submitted article review papers and written reflections on their learning process. The written reflections and review papers were analysed using qualitative content analysis to understand students' approach to clinical cases and their perspectives on the CBL approach.ResultsAnalysis of the papers and reflections indicated that students tended to rely heavily on scientific evidence for clinical decision making, often to the exclusion of clinical expertise or client perspectives. Students reported that the project was applicable to their future clinical practice. Further, they reported learning from multiple sources, including the instructor, class discussion and their peers.ConclusionResults indicate that graduate SLP students found CBL activities beneficial for learning the principles of EBP. Students specifically indicated an appreciation for the realistic nature of the activities. Future applications are examined.
Analysis of the incidence of influenza before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic in South Korea
Authors: Kim Hayeon , Son Hyeon S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesInfluenza outbreaks of varying size occur every year, but during the COVID‐19 pandemic, many countries experienced influenza at lower levels. However, following the relaxation of COVID‐19 prevention measures in 2022, the incidence of influenza began to increase gradually. Thus, this study compared the occurrence of influenza from week 36 of 2017, before the COVID‐19 outbreak, until 2023.MethodsThe analysis was conducted using influenza‐like illness occurrence data available from the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency infectious disease website. Additionally, to examine the changes in COVID‐19 and influenza occurrence during the pandemic, COVID‐19 incidence data from 20 January 2020 to 31 August 2023 were obtained from the KDCA Coronavirus Disease 19 homepage.ResultsDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, which corresponds to the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 influenza seasons, there was no seasonal influenza epidemic, and the incidence rates were below the usual outbreak levels. However, in the 2022/2023 season, when the spread of COVID‐19 had eased, a seasonal pattern similar to that observed before the COVID‐19 pandemic was noted. Furthermore, correlation analysis between the rates of influenza‐like illness and COVID‐19 incidence showed no significant correlation during the entire period. However, a significant correlation emerged in 2023 (r = 0.393, p <0.05). These results suggest that influenza was suppressed during the COVID‐19 pandemic but returned to typical seasonal patterns after the COVID‐19 prevention policies were eased.ConclusionThe positive correlation observed between the incidences of COVID‐19 and influenza in 2023 indicates that COVID‐19, no longer a novel pandemic‐causing infectious disease, may have transitioned to an endemic pattern similar to seasonal influenza.
Optimisation of nanofiltration process for pharmaceutically active compounds: Removal of paracetamol, diclofenac and metoprolol
Authors: Doğan Esra Can , Yaşar Aynur , Narcı Ali Oğuzhan , Mert Berna Kırıl , Yeşildağlı Berkay Umut 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study analyses the effects of operating conditions on the removal of three different pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs: paracetamol [PARA], diclofenac [DIC] and metoprolol [MET]). The results of the experiments employing nanofiltration (NF) membranes were interpreted using response surface methodology (RSM) analysis of variance (ANOVA). In experiments performed with NF270 membrane under optimal operating conditions (15 bar pressure, 4 volume reduction factor [VRF], 5.7 pH), removal efficiencies of PhACs were 11.5%, 73.8% and 46.8%, respectively. The design of NF processes can help substantially in determining the rejection behaviours and mechanisms of micropollutants. Experiments have shown that in drug active substances removal with NF membranes, the physicochemical properties of the NF membranes used and the compound being PARA, DIC or MET affect the removal efficiency and provide an understanding of the rejection performance. These factors may also provide a guide for the applicability of the NF technology in advanced treatment processes in the future.
Universal quadratic forms and Northcott property of infinite number fields
Authors: Daans Nicolas , Kala Vítězslav , Man Siu Hang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe show that if a universal quadratic form exists over an infinite degree, totally real extension of the field of rationals , then the set of totally positive integers in the extension does not have the Northcott property. In particular, this implies that no universal form exists over the compositum of all totally real Galois fields of a fixed prime degree over . Further, by considering the existence of infinitely many square classes of totally positive units, we show that no classical universal form exists over the compositum of all such fields of degree (for each fixed odd integer ).
The Borel complexity of the space of left‐orderings, low‐dimensional topology, and dynamics
Authors: Calderoni Filippo , Clay Adam 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe develop new tools to analyze the complexity of the conjugacy equivalence relation , whenever is a left‐orderable group. Our methods are used to demonstrate nonsmoothness of for certain groups of dynamical origin, such as certain amalgams constructed from Thompson's group . We also initiate a systematic analysis of , where is a 3‐manifold. We prove that if is not prime, then is a universal countable Borel equivalence relation, and show that in certain cases the complexity of is bounded below by the complexity of the conjugacy equivalence relation arising from the fundamental group of each of the JSJ pieces of . We also prove that if is the complement of a nontrivial knot in then is not smooth, and show how determining smoothness of for all knot manifolds is related to the L‐space conjecture.
Exploring auxotrophy and engineering vitamin B
6
prototrophy in the acetogen
Clostridium
sp. AWRP
Authors: Kwon Soo Jae , Lee Joungmin , Lee Hyun Sook 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Gas fermentation using acetogenic bacteria requires a chemically defined minimal medium to be established. This approach not only helps in creating a cost-effective medium but also allows for a thorough exploration of their metabolic potential. In this study, the auxotrophy of the acetogen
Clostridium
sp. AWRP was investigated through genomic analysis and growth performance in formulated media. It was found that the strain needs pantothenate and biotin and that substituting vitamin B
6
from pyridoxine to pyridoxamine or pyridoxal-5′-phosphate is crucial for growth. The determined chemically defined minimal medium supported both heterotrophic (using fructose as a substrate) and autotrophic (using syngas as a substrate) growth of the AWRP strain. To overcome the vitamin B
6
auxotrophy, the
pdxST
genes responsible for vitamin B
6
biosynthesis were introduced into the AWRP strain using plasmid-based gene expression system and CRISPR/Cas12a genome-editing technology. As a result, the genetically engineered strains were able to grow successfully without vitamin B
6
. This chemically defined minimal medium will enhance the fermentation performance of AWRP.

IMPORTANCE

The identification of auxotrophy in
Clostridium
sp. AWRP underpins subsequent investigations into its physiology and metabolism. Additionally, the development of a chemically defined minimal medium specific to this acetogenic bacterium will enable reproducible industrial processes. This innovation is particularly significant for the bioconversion of carbon monoxide and/or dioxide into commercially valuable chemicals through the process of gas fermentation.