bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman vibrational spectral characteristics and quantitative analysis of H2 up to 400°C and 40 MPa
Authors: Li Lianfu , Zhang Xin , Luan Zhendong , Du Zengfeng , Xi Shichuan , Wang Bing , Cao Lei , Lian Chao , Yan Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn situ Raman detection is an ideal method to determine the concentration of dissolved H2 in deep‐sea high temperature hydrothermal fluids, but studies on in situ Raman qualitative and quantitative analyses of H2 that are suitable for detection in high temperature hydrothermal fluids are lacking. In this study, the Raman characteristics of gaseous and dissolved H2 were researched at 0–400°C and 0–40 MPa in detail, which cover most deep‐sea hydrothermal environments. The strong density and temperature dependences of the wavenumber and bandwidth of gaseous hydrogen vibrational Raman bands were observed. The interactions between the water molecules and hydrogen molecules were affected by temperature and pressure, and the opposite effect on the vibrational band of dissolved hydrogen was observed before and after reaching the critical condition of water. A high temperature and pressure quantitative analysis model suitable for in situ Raman detection of dissolved H2 was also developed with the linear equation
, where A (H2)/A (H2O) is the peak area ratio of H2 and H2O, and C (H2) is the concentration of dissolved H2 in mol/kg. The experimental temperature and pressure conditions did not influence the linear trend between the peak area ratio of A (H2)/A (H2O) and the concentrations of H2, which indicated that the calibration model can be applied to high temperature and pressure environments.
The impact of a malignant diagnosis on the pattern and outcome of readmission after liver and pancreatic surgery: An analysis of the nationwide readmissions database
Authors: Bagante Fabio , Beal Eliza W. , Merath Katiuscha , Paredes Anghela , Chakedis Jeffery , Olsen Griffin , Akgül Ozgür , Idrees Jay , Chen Quinu , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: June 2018

Background and ObjectivesReducing readmissions is an important quality improvement metric. We sought to investigate patterns of 90‐day readmission after hepato‐pancreatic (HP) procedures.MethodsThe Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD) was used to identify patients undergoing HP procedures between 2010 and 2014. Patients were stratified according to benign versus malignant HP diagnoses and as index (same hospital as operation) versus non‐index (different hospital) readmissions.ResultsAmong the 41 059 patients who underwent HP procedures, 26 563 (65%) underwent a liver resection while 14 496 (35%) pancreatic resection. Among all patients, 11 902 (29%) had a benign diagnosis versus 29 157 (71%) who had a cancer diagnosis. Overall 90‐day readmission was 22% (n = 8 998) with a slight increase in readmissions among patients with a malignant (n = 6 655;23%) versus benign (n = 2 343;20%) diagnosis (P < 0.001). Readmission to an index hospital was more common (n = 7 316 81%) versus a non‐index hospital (n = 1 682 19%). Non‐index hospital readmissions were more frequent among patients with malignant HP diagnoses (OR, 1.41;P  = 0.001).ConclusionsUp to one in four patients were readmitted after HP surgery. Late readmission was more common among patients with a cancer‐diagnosis. While most readmissions occurred at the index hospital, 19% of all readmissions occurred at a non‐index hospital and were more frequent among patients with malignant diagnoses.
Nanofiber‐Based Multi‐Tubular Conduits with a Honeycomb Structure for Potential Application in Peripheral Nerve Repair
Authors: Xue Jiajia , Li Haoxuan , Xia Younan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPeripheral nerve injury is a large‐scale problem and it is a great challenge to repair the long lesion in a thick nerve. The design of a multi‐tubular conduit with a honeycomb structure by mimicking the anatomy of a peripheral nerve for the potential repair of large defects in thick nerves has been reported. A bilayer mat of electrospun nanofibers is rolled up to form a single tube, with the inner and outer layers comprised aligned and random nanofibers, respectively. Seven such tubes are then assembled into a hexagonal array and encased within the lumen of a larger tube to form the multi‐tubular conduit. By introducing an adhesive to the regions between the tubes, the conduit is robust enough for handling during surgery. The seeded bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are able to proliferate in all the tubes with even circumferential and longitudinal distributions. Under chemical induction, the BMSCs are transdifferentiated into Schwann‐like cells in all the tubes. While the cellular version holds great promise for peripheral nerve repair, the multi‐tubular conduit can also be used to investigate the fundamental aspects involved in the development of peripheral nervous system and migration of cells.
Interpolation of compact bilinear operators among quasi‐Banach spaces and applications
Authors: Cobos Fernando , Fernández‐Cabrera Luz M. , Martínez Antón 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe study the interpolation properties of compact bilinear operators by the general real method among quasi‐Banach couples. As an application we show that commutators of Calderón–Zygmund bilinear operators are compact provided that , and .
A hybrid method to study the mechanical information induced by needle rotating
Authors: Yao Wei , Yu Yi , Ding Guanghong 
Published: June 2018

Acupuncture has been used in China for more than 2000 years; its curative effect is acknowledged wildly in the world, but the underlying mechanisms are not revealed. The study focuses on mechanical effect of manual acupuncture. In this paper, a mathematical model based on viscoelastic theory and quasilinear viscoelastic theory of soft tissue is constructed; a hybrid method was used to study the tissue displacement and energy dissipation induced by needle rotation. It shows that (1) needle rotation will induce the extracellular matrix deformation and generate a mechanical stress field in the interstitium, (2) the deformation depends on rotation frequency and is mainly restrained in the vicinity of the needle, and (3) energy dissipation is affected by rotation frequency and very sensitive at low frequency. These results are consistent with experimental observations, and may help to explain some acupuncture theories and phenomena. Furthermore, this work not only contributes to reveal the mechanical effect of acupuncture (needle rotation) by modern scientific methods but also provides a hybrid method to study the strain and stress deriving from mechanical stimuli of connective tissue.
Toward in vivo dosimetry in external beam radiotherapy using x‐ray acoustic computed tomography: A soft‐tissue phantom study validation
Authors: Lei Hao , Zhang Wei , Oraiqat Ibrahim , Liu Zhipeng , Ni Jun , Wang Xueding , El Naqa Issam 
Published: June 2018

PurposeTo study, using phantoms made from biological tissues, the feasibility and practical challenges of monitoring the position of the radiation beam and the deposited dose by x‐ray acoustic computed tomography (XACT) during external beam radiotherapy delivery.Material and methodsA prototype XACT system with a single immersion ultrasound transducer, which was positioned around the target sample driven by a motor‐controlled rotation stage, was used to acquire the x‐ray acoustic (XA) signals produced by a medical linear accelerator (Linac) to form an XACT image of the irradiated phantom. To investigate the feasibility of XACT in tracking the position of radiation dose, a large piece of veal liver with embedded fat tissue was imaged and beam misalignments were measured. Next, we explored the sensitivity of XACT in monitoring and quantifying the delivered dose, in which a block of porcine gel was embedded with equally spaced lard cylinders and imaged. The doses on the lard cylinders modulated by physical wedges were quantified from the XACT image and were verified by comparison to measurements from radiochromic films as the gold standard. Then, to simulate how XACT can perform in a targeted tissue in the human body, a porcine gel phantom with lard cylinders covered by different materials (bone, muscle, and air gap, respectively) was also imaged.ResultsThe reconstructed XACT images of the phantoms show congruence with the boundaries of the beam field and the interfaces between the different tissue materials. The beam displacement from the target was tracked properly by the reconstructed XACT images. An intensity difference as small as 2.9% in delivered dose region can be measured from XACT images P = 0.02. The intensities of XACT images were highly correlated to the film measurements with an R2 better than 0.986. The expected variances of dose delivered to different target regions as a result of the difference in attenuation were successfully captured by the XACT images.ConclusionsThis study validated the feasibility of XACT in accurately obtaining relative dose maps of tissue‐mimicking phantoms. XACT offers a practical method for verifying the beam position against the target and quantifying the relative dose delivered to the target during external beam radiotherapy.
Weight and Shape Concern Impacts Weight Gain Prevention in the SNAP Trial: Implications for Tailoring Intervention Delivery
Authors: Olson KayLoni L. , Neiberg Rebecca H. , Tate Deborah F. , Garcia Katelyn R. , Gorin Amy A. , Lewis Cora E. , Unick Jessica , Wing Rena R. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) trial demonstrated that two self‐regulatory interventions prevented weight gain in young adults. Weight and shape concern (WSC) at baseline was evaluated as a moderator of weight outcomes at 24 months.MethodsYoung adults (n = 599) were randomized to self‐regulation with small changes (to create 200 kcal/day deficit), self‐regulation with large changes (to facilitate preemptive weight loss of 5‐10 lb), or self‐guided control. WSC was assessed by using one item from the Eating Disorders Assessment. ANOVA was used to examine whether the association between baseline level of WSC and percent weight change over 24 months differed across treatment conditions.ResultsApproximately 22% of participants reported high WSC (37% moderate; 41% low). WSC and treatment condition interacted to influence weight change at 24 months (P = 0.03). Individuals with high WSC gained weight in the large changes group (WSC least squares means ± SE, high: + 0.73% ± 1.19%; moderate: −2.74% ± 0.84%; low: −2.41% ± 0.79%). The small changes condition was particularly effective for those with high WSC (high WSC: −2.49% ± 1.16%; moderate: −0.60% ± 0.88%; low: −0.71% ± 0.80%). WSC did not impact weight change among control participants.ConclusionsIndividuals with high WSC may benefit from a small‐changes approach to weight gain prevention. These findings indicate WSC may be used to match individuals to weight gain prevention treatment conditions.
CD4+ and CD8+ T‐Cell‐Specific DNA Cytosine Methylation Differences Associated With Obesity
Authors: Hohos Natalie M. , Smith Alicia K. , Kilaru Varun , Park Hea Jin , Hausman Dorothy B. , Bailey Lynn B. , Lewis Richard D. , Phillips Bradley G. , Meagher Richard B. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveLifestyle factors associated with obesity may alter epigenome‐regulated gene expression. Most studies examining epigenetic changes in obesity have analyzed DNA 5´‐methylcytosine (5mC) in whole blood, representing a weighted average of several distantly related and regulated leukocyte classes. To examine leukocyte‐specific differences associated with obesity, a pilot study examining 5mC in three distinct leukocyte types isolated from peripheral blood of women with normal weight and obesity was conducted.MethodsCD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and CD16+ neutrophils were reiteratively isolated from blood, and 5mC levels were measured across >450,000 CG sites.ResultsNineteen CG sites were differentially methylated between women with obesity and with normal weight in CD4+ cells, 16 CG sites in CD8+ cells, and 0 CG sites in CD16+ neutrophils (q < 0.05). There were no common differentially methylated sites between the T‐cell types. The amount of visceral adipose tissue was strongly associated with the methylation level of 79 CG sites in CD4+ cells, including 4 CG sites in CLSTN1's promoter, which, this study shows, may regulate its expression.ConclusionsThe methylomes of various leukocytes respond differently to obesity and levels of visceral adipose tissue. Highly significant differentially methylated sites in CD4+ and CD8+ cells in women with obesity that have apparent biological relevance to obesity were identified.
Echocardiographic predictors of neonatal illness severity in fetuses with critical left heart obstruction with intact or restrictive atrial septum
Authors: Gellis Laura , Drogosz Monika , Lu Minmin , Sleeper Lynn A. , Cheng Henry , Allan Catherine , Marshall Audrey C. , Tworetzky Wayne , Friedman Kevin G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundNeonates with critical left heart obstruction and intact atrial septum (IAS) or restrictive atrial septum (RAS) are at risk for hypoxia within hours of birth and remain a group at high risk for mortality.MethodsPrenatally diagnosed fetuses with critical left heart obstruction and IAS or RAS with follow‐up from January 1, 2005, to February 14, 2017, were included. Primary outcome was a composite measure of severe neonatal illness (pH < 7.15, venous pH < 7.10, bicarbonate < 16 mmol/L, lactic acid > 5 mmol/L, or median oxygen saturation < 60% within 2 hours of birth).ResultsOf 68 live born fetuses, 52 (76.5%) had hypoplastic left heart syndrome, 14 (20.5%) had critical aortic stenosis, and two (3%) had complex anatomy with mitral stenosis/atresia. There were 27 (39.7%) fetuses with IAS and 41 (60.3%) with RAS. Severe neonatal illness was present in 36 (52.9%). The strongest discriminators for severe neonatal illness were a pulmonary vein A:R VTI ≤ 2.7 (P < 0.001, AUC 0.93) and larger pulmonary vein diameter (P = 0.025, AUC 0.77). A:R VTI ≤ 2.7 predicted death or transplant (log‐rankP = 0.03).ConclusionsIn neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and IAS or RAS, A:R VTI ≤ 2.7 is predictive of severe neonatal instability. This threshold can help guide resource planning, delivery management, and improve fetal intervention criteria.
Impacts of variants of uncertain significance on parental perceptions of children after prenatal chromosome microarray testing
Authors: Desai Preeya , Haber Hannah , Bulafka Jessica , Russell Amita , Clifton Rebecca , Zachary Julia , Lee Seonjoo , Feng Tianshu , Wapner Ronald , Monk Catherine , Chung Wendy K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveThere are concerns regarding the potential harms in receipt of prenatal chromosome microarray (CMA) results, particularly variants of uncertain significance (VUS). We examined the influence that the return of genomic results had on parental well‐being and perceptions of children's development.MethodsParents (n = 138) of 83 children who underwent prenatal chromosomal microarray testing completed questionnaires assessing perception of children's development, parent‐child attachment, parental mood, parenting competence, martial satisfaction, satisfaction with the decision to undergo testing, and attitudes about genetics at age 12 and/or 36 months. Responses were compared between parents who received normal/likely benign results and VUS results.ResultsCompared to normal/likely benign results, parents who received VUS results rated their child as less competent on the BITSEA scale at 12 (β = −1.65, P = .04) though not 36 months (P = .43). There were no differences in parent mood, marital satisfaction, or parenting competence. At 36 months, parents in the VUS group reported less satisfaction with their decision to undergo genetic testing (β = 1.51, P = .02).ConclusionChromosome microarray VUS results have limited impact on parental well‐being and perception of children's development. However, the initial diminished perception of child competency and later dissatisfaction with genomic testing indicate the need to assist parents in coping with ambiguous results.
Rare autosomal trisomies: Important and not so rare
Authors: Scott Fergus , Bonifacio Michael , Sandow Rhiannon , Ellis Katie , Smet Maria‐Elisabeth , McLennan Andrew 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveNoninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) can assess chromosomes other than 13, 18, 21, X and Y. These rare autosomal trisomies (RATs) can adversely affect pregnancy outcome.MethodsA prospective study of NIPT using the Illumina sequencing platform assessing all chromosomes were reported for further management.ResultsThere were 28 RATs identified in 23 388 samples (one in 835), the most common being trisomy 7 (n = 6), followed by trisomy 16 (n = 4) and trisomy 22 (n = 3). Abnormal outcomes occurred in 16 cases: miscarriage (n = 6), true fetal mosaicism (n = 5), and fetal structural anomaly on ultrasound (n = 5). Growth restriction was seen in eight cases and correlated with very low‐pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A levels. Two of the 17 live born babies had a structural anomaly, and one had a phenotype similar to mosaic trisomy 16 despite a normal microarray result.ConclusionRare autosomal trisomies are not rare and often associated with poor obstetric outcomes. They should be discussed with the clinician to guide management. Pregnancy outcomes varied by chromosome being generally favourable for some (eg, trisomy 7) and poor for others (eg, trisomy 22). In the presence of a RAT, pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A is predictive of placental dysfunction and fetal growth restriction.
PROMIS and legacy measures compared in a supportive care intervention for breast cancer patients and caregivers: Experience from a randomized trial
Authors: Sikorskii Alla , Victorson David , O'Connor Patrick , Hankin Vered , Safikhani Abolfazl , Crane Tracy , Badger Terry , Wyatt Gwen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveAccurate and efficient measurement of patient‐reported outcomes is key in cancer symptom management trials. The newer Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and previously developed measures of similar conceptual content (legacy) are available to measure symptoms and functioning. This report compares the performance of two sets of measures, PROMIS and legacy, in a recently completed trial of a supportive care intervention that enrolled breast cancer patients and their friend or family caregivers.MethodsPatient‐caregiver dyads (N = 256) were randomized to either reflexology delivered by caregivers or usual care control. Post‐intervention, PROMIS and legacy measures of symptoms and functioning were analyzed in relation to trial arm, while adjusting for baseline values. Responsiveness of the two sets of measures was assessed using effect sizes and P‐values for the effect of trial arm on patients' and caregivers' symptom and functioning outcomes.ResultsSimilar conclusions about intervention effects were found using PROMIS and legacy measures for pain, fatigue, sleep, anxiety, physical, and social functioning. Different conclusions were obtained for patient and caregiver depression: legacy measures indicated the efficacy of reflexology, while PROMIS depression measure did not.ConclusionEvidence of similar responsiveness supports the use of either set of measures for symptoms and functioning in clinical and general populations. Differences between PROMIS and legacy measures of depression need to be considered when choosing instruments for use in trials of supportive care interventions and in clinical practice.
Suicide rates among patients with cancers of the digestive system
Authors: Anderson Chelsea , Park Eliza M. , Rosenstein Donald L. , Nichols Hazel B. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have suggested that suicide rates are elevated among cancer patients relative to the general population. In this analysis, we comprehensively evaluated characteristics associated with higher suicide rates among patients with cancers of the digestive system.MethodsUsing the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, we identified all patients diagnosed with digestive system cancers during 2000 to 2014. Patients were classified as having died of suicide if their cause of death in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results was listed as “suicide and self‐inflicted injury.” Suicide rates were compared to age‐, sex‐, and race‐adjusted rates in the general population.ResultsA total of 881 suicides were identified among 856 293 patients diagnosed with digestive system cancers. The suicide rate in this population was 32.8 per 100 000 person‐years and was nearly twice that in the general population (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 1.91; 95% CI, 1.79‐2.04). Suicide rates were significantly elevated for all cancer sites but were highest for esophageal (SMR = 5.03), pancreatic (SMR = 5.28), stomach (SMR = 2.84), and liver (SMR = 2.14) cancers. Standardized mortality ratios for suicide were highest within the first 5 years of diagnosis and increased with age at diagnosis for all sites except colon and stomach.ConclusionsPatients with cancers of the digestive system have a higher incidence of suicide than the general population. Suicide rates among esophageal and pancreatic cancer patients are more than 5 times general population rates. The involvement of psychiatrists and other mental health professionals may be a critical component of cancer care for these high‐risk patient subgroups.
Social support and breast cancer screening in rural Appalachia
Authors: Smalls Brittany L. , Aroh Adaeze , McQuerry Kristen , Adegboyega Adebola , Schoenberg Nancy , Hatcher Jennifer 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPurposeWomen in the Appalachian region have a high mortality rate attributable to cancer in spite of lower incidence of cancer compared with the general US population. Empirical evidence suggests that social support influences cancer outcomes, including adherence to screening guidelines and treatment recommendations. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of social support on breast cancer screening patterns in a sample of rural Appalachian women.MethodsThis paper reports the results of analyses of baseline cross‐sectional data on breast cancer screening collected during a community‐based group‐randomized trial. We used the 2010 National Health Institute Survey questionnaires and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey to assess screening behavior and perceived social support, respectively. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA and ANOVA to assess the mean social support on breast cancer screening patterns (frequently, irregularly, and rarely/never) and relevant sociodemographic variables.FindingsOf the eligible participant records analyzed (N = 289), 50% were married, 36% were employed, 20% attended college, 40% had no mammogram in 6 years, and 20% never had mammograms. Overall social support score was high at 73.1 (SD = 18.2). Association between breast cancer screening patterns and social support scores was not statistically significant at α < 0.05 (P value = 0.09).ConclusionsAlthough social support as it measured in this study does not show significant associations with screening patterns, it is important to understand how social network structures may influence screening patterns. Familial and social roles/responsibilities that result in reported social support may also be the barrier to cancer screening and other prevention health behaviors.