bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a current mirror-integrated pressure sensor using CMOS-MEMS cofabrication techniques
Authors: Kumar Shashi , Rathore Pradeep Kumar , Panwar Brishbhan Singh , Akhtar Jamil 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to describe the fabrication and characterization of current mirror-integrated microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based pressure sensor.

Design/methodology/approach
The integrated pressure-sensing structure consists of three identical 100-µm long and 500-µm wide n-channel MOSFETs connected in a resistive loaded current mirror configuration. The input transistor of the mirror acts as a constant current source MOSFET and the output transistors are the stress sensing MOSFETs embedded near the fixed edge and at the center of a square silicon diaphragm to sense tensile and compressive stresses, respectively, developed under applied pressure. The current mirror circuit was fabricated using standard polysilicon gate complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology on the front side of the silicon wafer and the flexible pressure sensing square silicon diaphragm, with a length of 1,050 µm and width of 88 µm, was formed by bulk micromachining process using tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution on the backside of the wafer. The pressure is monitored by the acquisition of drain voltages of the pressure sensing MOSFETs placed near the fixed edge and at the center of the diaphragm.

Findings
The current mirror-integrated pressure sensor was successfully fabricated and tested using in-house developed pressure measurement system. The pressure sensitivity of the tested sensor was found to be approximately 0.3 mV/psi (or 44.6 mV/MPa) for pressure range of 0 to 100 psi. In addition, the pressure sensor was also simulated using Intellisuite MEMS Software and simulated pressure sensitivity of the sensor was found to be approximately 53.6 mV/MPa. The simulated and measured pressure sensitivities of the pressure sensor are in close agreement.

Originality/value
The work reported in this paper validates the use of MOSFETs connected in current mirror configuration for the measurement of tensile and compressive stresses developed in a silicon diaphragm under applied pressure. This current mirror readout circuitry integrated with MEMS pressure-sensing structure is new and fully compatible to standard CMOS processes and has a promising application in the development CMOS-MEMS-integrated smart sensors.
System in package (SiP) technology: fundamentals, design and applications
Authors: Santagata Fabio , Sun Jianwen , Iervolino Elina , Yu Hongyu , Wang Fei , Zhang Guoqi , Sarro P.M. , Zhang Guoyi 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a novel 3D system-in-package (SiP) approach. This new packaging approach is based on stacked silicon submount technology. As demonstrators, a smart lighting module and a sensor systems were successfully developed by using the fabrication and assembly process described in this paper.

Design/methodology/approach
The stacked module consists of multiple layers of silicon submounts which can be designed and fabricated in parallel. The 3D stacking design offers higher silicon efficiency and miniaturized package form factor. This platform consists of silicon submount design and fabrication, module packaging, system assembling and testing and analyzing.

Findings
In this paper, a smart light emitting diode system and sensor system will be described based on stacked silicon submount and 3D SiP technology. The integrated smart lighting module meets the optical requirements of general lighting applications. The developed SiP design is also implemented into the miniaturization of particular matter sensors and gas sensor detection system.

Originality/value
SiP has great potential of integrating multiple components into a single compact package, which has potential implementation in intelligent applications.
Facile method for synthesis ofα-Co(OH)2and their supercapacitor properties
Authors: Shaikh F.F.M , Dongale T.D. , Kamat R.K. 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThe overall purpose of this research paper largely depends on developing an easy method to synthesis a material suitable for supercapacitor application. This paper includes the synthesis of, α-Co(OH)2, its structural, elemental and morphological properties and its supercapacitor properties.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the electrolyte is prepared using binder free method, then electrodeposition is used to synthesize α-Co(OH)2at 2 V. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) are used to study the structural, elemental and morphological characteristics. The supercapacitor properties are investigated by using cyclic voltammetry, charging-discharging graph, stability test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).FindingsSynthesis of α-Co(OH)2is a tedious job as the temperature and use of weak base plays an important role. However, throughout electrodeposition, temperature is maintained using a water bath and weak base as the precursor. The presence of nitrate anions shows more interlayer space than that of ß-Co(OH)2because of which free diffusion of the electrolyte is possible. Sheets structures are more visible in SEM images. Nanosheet like structure is observed in the film and such kind of structure provide higher surface area and higher specific capacitance. Usually, the surface morphology of cobalt hydroxide shows flower-like, spherical and nanocubes particles. The cross-section of the deposited film and it is found to be approximately 100 µm. In the forward and backward scan, oxidation and reduction peaks are clearly visible. However, such a behavior is reported as stable because of no further peaks of oxidation.Originality/valueXRD and EDS confirms the growth of α-Co(OH)2. SEM images shows the porous nature of the film. Specific capacitance and energy density has been estimated at 5 mV s−1is 780 F g−1and 82 W h kg−1, respectively. The film was stable for 600 cycles showing 75 per cent capacitance retention. The voltage drop is 0.02 V for 0.5 A cm−2, indicating low resistance and good conductivity of the film. The specific power is estimated to be 15 W kg−1for 1 A cm−2. The value of RESR, RCT, CDLand W is 4.83 Ohm, 1.273 Ohm, 0.00233 C and 0.717, respectively. Thus indicating α-Co(OH)2to be better candidate for supercapacitor applications.
A Reliable Regression‐Based Approach for Reassociating Human Skeletal Elements of the Lower Limbs from Commingled Assemblages
Authors: Anastopoulou Ioanna , Karakostis Fotios A. , Moraitis Konstantinos 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAccurate sorting of commingled human remains comprises a fundamental requirement for all further anthropological analyses. The lower limb bones are particularly important for reconstructing biological profiles. This study introduces a metric technique for sorting these elements using eight standard anthropological measurements and 222 adult individuals from Greece. The bones utilized were the os coxae, the femora, the tibiae and the tali. Simple regression analyses were used to develop functions for reassociating articulating bones, providing strong correlations (r = 0.74–0.95, p‐value <0.05) and high coefficients of determination (r2=0.54–0.91). Blind tests demonstrated that combining metric and morphoscopic techniques provides an excellent sorting accuracy for the hip and knee joints (ten of ten individuals), allowing for a reliable reassociation between a sex and age indicator (os coxae) and a body size indicator (femur). Overall, these results indicate the high value of metric methods in sorting commingled human remains.
Do the microorganisms from laboratory culture spent growth medium affect house dust mite fitness and microbiome composition?
Authors: Molva Vit , Bostlova Marie , Nesvorna Marta , Hubert Jan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe interaction of house dust mites (HDM) and microorganisms is the key factor in the survival of these mites in human‐made environments. Spent growth medium (SPGM) provides the rest of the diet, along with dead mite bodies and microorganisms. SPGM represents a source of microorganisms for the recolonization of mite food and the mite digestive tract. An experiment was performed to observe how adding SPGM to the HDM diet affects HDM population growth, the microbiome composition and the microbial respiration in microcosms. We analyzed American house dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) and European house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) originating from control diets and diets treated with an extract of SPGM from 1‐ and 3‐month‐old mite cultures. The microbiome was described using 16S and 18S barcode sequencing. The composition of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes differed between the HDM species, but the SPGM treatment influenced only the bacterial profile of D. farinae. In the D. farinae microbiome of specimens on SPGM‐treated diets compared to those of the control situation, the Lactobacillus profile decreased, while the Cardinium, Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas profiles increased. The addition of SPGM extract decreased the microbial respiration in the microcosms with and without mites in almost all cases. Adding SPGM did not influence the population growth of D. farinae, but it had a variable effect on D. pteronyssinus. The results indicated that the HDM are marginally influenced by the microorganisms in their feces.
Alcohol Outlets, Neighborhood Retail Environments, and Pedestrian Injury Risk
Authors: Nesoff Elizabeth D. , Milam Adam J. , Branas Charles C. , Martins Silvia S. , Knowlton Amy R. , Furr‐Holden Debra M. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundAlcohol outlet density has been associated with increased pedestrian injury risk. It is unclear whether this is because alcohol outlets are located in dense retail areas with heavy pedestrian traffic or whether alcohol outlets contribute a unique neighborhood risk. We aimed to compare the pedestrian injury rate around alcohol outlets to the rate around other, similar retail outlets that do not sell alcohol.MethodsA spatial analysis was conducted on census block groups in Baltimore City. Data included pedestrian injury emergency medical services (EMS) records from January 1, 2014 to April 15, 2015 (n = 848); locations of alcohol outlets licensed for off‐premise (n = 726) and on‐premise consumption (n = 531); and corner (n = 398) and convenience stores (n = 192) that do not sell alcohol. Negative binomial regression was used to determine the relationship between retail outlet count and pedestrian injuries, controlling for key confounding variables. Spatial autocorrelation was also assessed and variable selection adjusted accordingly.ResultsEach additional off‐premise alcohol outlet was associated with a 12.3% increase in the rate of neighborhood pedestrian injury when controlling for convenience and corner stores and other confounders (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.123, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.065, 1.184, p < 0.001). The attributable risk was 4.9% (95% CI = 0.3, 8.9) or 41 additional injuries. On‐premise alcohol outlets were not significant predictors of neighborhood pedestrian injury rate in multivariable models (IRR = 0.972, 95% CI = 0.940, 1.004, p = 0.194).ConclusionsOff‐premise alcohol outlets are associated with pedestrian injury rate, even when controlling for other types of retail outlets. Findings reinforce the importance of alcohol outlets in understanding neighborhood pedestrian injury risk and may provide evidence for informing policy on liquor store licensing, zoning, and enforcement.
Sex Differences in Photic Entrainment and Sensitivity to Ethanol‐Induced Chronodisruption in Adult Mice After Adolescent Intermittent Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Ruby Christina L. , Paye Gerneleh , Fabi Jason L. , Zhang Jiawen , Risinger Megan O. , Palmer Kaitlyn N. , Verbanes Natalie M. , D'Angelo Ariana , Watts Tia M. , Mabe Lauren , Swartzwelder H. Scott 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundEvidence supports a role for the circadian system in alcohol use disorders, but the impact of adolescent alcohol exposure on circadian timing later in life is unknown. Acute ethanol (EtOH) attenuates circadian photic phase‐resetting in adult, but not adolescent, rodents. However, nearly all studies have focused on males and it is unknown whether this adolescent‐typical insensitivity to EtOH persists into adulthood after adolescent drinking.MethodsCircadian activity was monitored in C57BL/6J mice receiving adolescent intermittent EtOH (AIE) exposure (15% EtOH and water every other day throughout adolescence) or water alone followed by 24 days wherein EtOH was not available (washout). Mice then received a challenge dose of EtOH (1.5 g/kg, intraperitoneal) or saline 15 minutes prior to a 30‐minute phase‐delaying light pulse and then were released into constant darkness (DD). To control for possible phase‐shifting by EtOH challenge alone, a separate group of mice underwent AIE exposure (or water‐only) and washout and then received an EtOH or saline injection, but did not receive a light pulse prior to DD.ResultsStriking sex differences in nearly all measures of circadian photic entrainment were observed during adolescence but AIE effects were subtle and few. Only EtOH‐naïve adult male mice showed attenuated photic phase‐shifts with EtOH challenge, while all other groups showed normal phase‐resetting responses to light. AIE‐exposed females showed a persistent delay in activity offset.ConclusionsAdult male AIE‐exposed mice retained adolescent‐like insensitivity to EtOH‐induced suppression of photic phase‐resetting, suggesting AIE‐induced “lock‐in” of an adolescent behavioral phenotype. Adult AIE‐exposed females showed delayed initiation of the rest phase. Our results also indicate that intermittent EtOH drinking has subtle effects on circadian activity in mice during adolescence that differ from previously reported effects on adult males. The observed sex differences in circadian activity, EtOH consumption and preference, and responses to EtOH challenge merit future mechanistic study.
Insight into invasion: Interactions between a critically endangered and invasive crayfish
Authors: Lopez Laura K. , Hendry Katie , Wong Marian Y. L. , Davis Andy R. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractInvasive species are known to competitively displace native species via direct behavioural interactions, or contests, which can result in limited access to valuable resources such as food or shelter for the native. Here, we aimed to determine the dynamics and outcome of agonistic contests between the critically endangered Fitzroy Falls Spiny Crayfish (Euastacus dharawalus) and the invasive yabby (Cherax destructor) in a controlled laboratory setting. Although C. destructor has been listed as a key threatening process for E. dharawalus, the magnitude and nature of its impact have not been formerly assessed. We recorded the frequency and intensity of aggressive interactions between the species, as well as the winner of the contest and subsequent dominance during staged encounters. In addition to this, we recorded the time individuals spent consuming food and actively moving on the substratum. Contrary to our predictions, the frequency of aggressive behaviours performed by the two species did not significantly differ, but E. dharawalus engaged in more intensely aggressive behaviours and was less submissive than C. destructor. As a result, E. dharawalus won significantly more contests than its invasive rival and subsequently achieved a higher dominance score overall. Despite this result, C. destructor spent significantly more time consuming food than did E. dharawalus. These results suggest that dominance in agonistic contests did not translate into dominance over food resources in our study. Ultimately, reduced access to food, combined with the costs of agonistic contests including injury and the relatively low reproductive rates of E. dharawalus indicate that C. destructor may have a negative effect on the survival and persistence of the critically endangered E. dharawalus.
Measuring patient‐centredness in publicly funded fertility care: A New Zealand validation and international comparison of the Patient‐Centred Questionnaire‐Infertility
Authors: Mourad Selma M. , Curtis Cate , Gudex Guy , Merrilees Margaret , Peek John , Sadler Lynn 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundThe Patient‐Centred Questionnaire‐Infertility (PCQ‐Infertility) has proven to be a reliable instrument to assess the extent of patient‐centredness of fertility care in European countries.AimsTo validate the PCQ‐Infertility in New Zealand (NZ) and to compare results with international experience.Materials and MethodsA cross‐sectional 46‐item questionnaire study among 409 women undergoing publicly funded fertility care (intrauterine insemination or in vitro fertilisation / intracytoplasmic sperm injection) in three fertility clinics in the Northern Auckland region was performed between October 2015 and September 2016. Inclusion of eligible participants was both retro‐ and prospective. The questionnaire was distributed by email link and women were asked to complete it with their partner. Internal consistency and construct validity were determined and correction for case mix was performed. Mean dimension scores, adjusted for ‘current pregnancy’, ‘educational level’ and ‘treatment type’, were calculated for each dimension of the PCQ‐Infertility. NZ results were compared with PCQ‐Infertility results from five countries.ResultsOf 409 invited women, 255 questionnaires were submitted (response rate 62%), of which 216 (53%) were analysable. The dimension ‘Care organization’ had poor internal consistency, but overall the questionnaire had high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.93). Construct validity was also good. International comparison showed NZ to have the second highest overall score. In New Zealand, the lowest scoring domain was ‘Continuity and transition’.ConclusionsThe NZ version of the PCQ‐infertility proved a valid instrument for the assessment of patient‐centredness of publicly funded fertility care. Future research should focus on international inequities in patient‐centred fertility care and use of the tool for quality improvement. Local use of the PCQ‐Infertility is encouraged.
All That Is Solid Melts into the Bay: Anticipatory Ruination and Climate Change Adaptation
Authors: Paprocki Kasia 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper explores the shaping of Bangladesh's southern coastal region, often framed as the most climate vulnerable place in the world, as a zone of climate crisis. As rising waters threaten communities inhabiting the low‐lying coastal islands scattered across the deltaic plain, many within the government and donor community have identified shrimp aquaculture as a principal adaptation strategy. Shrimp aquaculture is integral to the dynamics of what I call anticipatory ruination, a discursive and material process of social and ecological destruction in anticipation of real or perceived threats. I elaborate anticipatory ruination as a process that both responds to and produces Bangladesh's climate crisis. I use this concept to explore not only the dynamics taking place in Bangladesh's delta region, but also the ways in which climate crisis is constituted more broadly.
Language Matters: Denying the Existence of the 30‐Million‐Word Gap Has Serious Consequences
Authors: Golinkoff Roberta Michnick , Hoff Erika , Rowe Meredith L. , Tamis‐LeMonda Catherine S. , Hirsh‐Pasek Kathy 
Published: August 2018

Sperry, Sperry, and Miller (2018) aim to debunk what is called the 30‐million‐word gap by claiming that children from lower income households hear more speech than Hart and Risley (1995) reported. We address why the 30‐million‐word gap should not be abandoned, and the importance of retaining focus on the vital ingredient to language learning—quality speech directed to children rather than overheard speech, the focus of Sperry et al.'s argument. Three issues are addressed: Whether there is a language gap; the characteristics of speech that promote language development; and the importance of language in school achievement. There are serious risks to claims that low‐income children, on average, hear sufficient, high‐quality language relative to peers from higher income homes.
How Do Creative Experts Practice New Skills? Exploratory Practice in Breakdancers
Authors: Shimizu Daichi , Okada Takeshi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHow do expert performers practice as they develop creatively? This study investigated the processes involved in the practice of new skills by expert breakdancers. A great deal of evidence supports the theory of “deliberate practice” (Ericsson, Krampe, & Tesch‐Römer, 1993,Psychological Review, 100,363) in skill acquisition; however, expert creative performers may emphasize other forms of practice for skill development. Four case studies collected through fieldwork and laboratory observation were analyzed to evaluate expert dancers’ practice processes as they developed proficiency in new, specific skills. We focused on three aspects of learning: the degree of skill acquisition, the content of skills included in practice, and dancers’ stated purposes for practicing. The results showed that dancers’ practice improved skills (as suggested by deliberate practice) and engaged the exploration of new, original skills, along with coordinating skills within performance. In their practice, these dance experts went beyond deliberative practice to highly exploratory processes for skill development.
Phosphatized tungsten‐metabolizing coccoid microbes interpreted from oil shale of an Eocene lake, Green River Formation, Utah, USA
Authors: Keighley Dave , Boonsue Suporn , Hall Douglas 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMicroscopic globular structures have been observed in some beds of oil shale from eastern Utah. These beds comprise carbonate‐dominated mud that is interlaminated with variably thick and continuous organic‐rich layers. Collectively they are enriched in phosphorus, REEs, and actinides. The beds are considered of lacustrine origin and assigned to the Eocene Green River Formation. The globules themselves are of microcrystalline carbonate fluorapatite (μCFA), often contain concentric internal structures, and usually group together in clusters of up to 80, possibly more. Detailed SEM and microprobe analyses have revealed tungsten (W) to be almost exclusively associated with the globular clusters found within the more organic‐rich laminae, often at concentrations of over 200 ppm, two orders of magnitude above shale standards. The globular structures are present in freshly cut sections where they occasionally grade into a μCFA matrix cement. This, together with the draping of the clusters by stringers of organic matter that would have accumulated in the Eocene lake, confirms that the structures are not a contaminant. The limited range of sizes and globular shapes is consistent with the morphology of coccoidal bacteria: Concentric internal structures may represent remnants of the nucleoid and cell wall. Paired concentric structures may indicate cell division (reproduction) processes were occurring until mineralization. The phosphate mineralization itself may have been promoted by release of phosphate from the stressed cells, bringing porewaters to supersaturation, or by the cells acting as nucleation sites. The recording of trace amounts of W almost exclusively in globular clusters preserved in the most organic‐rich stringers (anoxia prone) further suggests facultative use of W‐enzymes in a microbial metabolism. Combined, their context, morphology, and indication of biogenic process are strong evidence that the structures are fossilized (phosphatized) microbes, possibly sulfate‐reducing bacteria, or methanogenic archaea.