bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diamond nanoparticles coating for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Ji Xiangping , Feng Juanjuan , Wang Xiuqin , Tian Yu , Li Chunying , Luo Chuannan , Sun Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDiamond nanoparticles were coated onto stainless steel wires as a extraction material, then it was filled into a poly(ether ether ketone) tube for in‐tube solid‐phase microextraction. Coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography, the extraction tube was evaluated with different types of analytes including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, estrogens and plasticizers. As the coating, diamond nanoparticles exhibited greater extraction capacity for hydrophobic analytes. Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were used as model analytes, four main extraction and desorption factors were optimized, including sampling volume, sampling rate, methanol content in sample and desorption time. A sensitive analysis method was established with wide linear range (0.016–20 μg/L), good correlation coefficients (0.9991–0.9997), low limits of detection (0.005–0.020 μg/L), low limits of quantitation (0.016–0.070 μg/L) and high enrichment factors (305‐2396). Relative standard deviations for intra‐ and interday were less than 2.4% (n = 3) and 8.4% (n = 3), respectively. Durability and chemical stability were satisfactory with relative standard deviations less than 7.9% (n = 3). Finally, the method has been successfully applied to the detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in real samples.
Application of Greenberg's conjecture in the capitulation problem
Authors: Mouhib Ali 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLet r be a positive integer. Assume Greenberg's conjecture for some totally real number fields, we show that there exists an infinite family of imaginary cyclic number fields F over the field of rational number field , with an elementary 2‐class group of rank equal to r that capitulates in an unramified quadratic extension over F. Also, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for the Galois group of the unramified maximal 2‐extension over F to be abelian.
Air filled substrate integrated waveguide cavity backed slot antenna
Authors: Adhikary Moitreya , Mukherjee Soumava , Biswas Animesh , Akhtar Mohammad Jaleel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this letter, an air filled substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based cavity backed slot antenna design is proposed to achieve high radiation efficiency and gain by reducing the dielectric loss component by removing the dielectric inside the cavity. An effective miniaturization is also achieved by introducing a specialized slot backed by the cavity.
Study of ferrite material characterization using transmission line model
Authors: Maleki Mostafa , Mohseni Armaki Seyyed Hossein , Hamidi Emad 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, wave interaction with a ferrite material in a rectangular waveguide system is analyzed by using the transmission line (TL) model at Ku band. Using the presented model, the equivalent transverse admittance of the system is extracted. According to the corresponding relationship between the transverse admittance and the scattering parameters (S11, S21) of the system, the saturation magnetization and permittivity of a ferrite material (4πMs and
ɛ
r) are extracted. In comparison to other works, the proposed method has made the implementation very easy and has eliminated the problems associated with phase measurement and calibration. The presented model is simulated on the several types of ferrites and experimentally is tested on an SL‐470 ferrite sample. Comparison of the results shows that the extracted parameters are close to the manufacturing values with %5 error.
High‐density WGM probes generated by a ChG ring resonator for high‐density 3D imaging and applications
Authors: Youplao Phichai , Pornsuwancharoen Nithiroth , Suwanarat Suksan , Chaiwong Khomyuth , Jalil Muhammad Arif , Amiri Iraj. S. , Ali Jalil , Singh Ghanshyam , Yupapin Preecha , Grattan Kenneth T.V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the ultra‐wideband source for light fidelity (LiFi) and high‐density 3D imaging applications is proposed. The system consists of an add‐drop multiplexer. The center ring is formed by the Chalcogenide glass (ChG), which is coupled with two GaAsInP/P side rings. The nonlinear effect within the side rings (phase modulators) is induced in the central ring. The superposition of light signals from side rings generates wider wavelength band, which makes the original input. The output is the set of squeezed light pulses known as whispering gallery mode (WGM) which is generated at the center of the system. Three different input sources are investigated, where the simulated results are comparatively plotted and discussed. The results show that the wavelength of 1.30 μm is the best input source. The output wavelengths band is ranged from 0.7‐3.1 μm, which is suitable for LiFi source and high‐density 3D imaging applications.
A computational model for dynamic strain localization in unsaturated elasto‐viscoplastic soils
Authors: Oka Fusao , Shahbodagh Babak , Kimoto Sayuri 
Published: October 2018

SummaryStrain localization has been the subject of extensive theoretical and numerical studies over the last four decades. The static and dynamic strain localization in both dry and water‐saturated geomaterials has widely been investigated numerically. However, studies on unsaturated geomaterials have been insufficient. This paper presents a computational model for nonlinear dynamic analysis of strain localization in multiphase geomaterials. The discretization of the governing equations is achieved using the finite element method in the finite deformation regime with the updated Lagrangian description. An elasto‐viscoplastic model extended to include the effect of suction on the behavior of partially saturated clay is used in the formulation. The nonlinear kinematic hardening rule and softening due to the structural degradation of soil particles are taken into account in the model. The inception and progression of localization in fully saturated and unsaturated clay under dynamic compressive loading are investigated. In the unsaturated case, the strain localization becomes more pronounced and much clearer shear bands are formed. More brittleness is observed in the unsaturated case due to the collapse of suction force caused by shearing. This demonstrates that even though suction improves the mechanical properties of soil, ie, increasing the stiffness and shear strength, the hypothesis of fully saturation is not at all on the side of safety due to the drastic loss of strength associated with the collapse of suction which may cause a strong strain localization.
Existential distress in cancer: Alleviating suffering from fundamental loss and change
Authors: Vehling Sigrun , Kissane David W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA severe life threatening illness can challenge fundamental expectations about security, interrelatedness with others, justness, controllability, certainty, and hope for a long and fruitful life. That distress and suffering but also growth and mastery may arise from confrontation with an existentially threatening stressor is a long‐standing idea. But only recently have researchers studied existential distress more rigorously and begun to identify its distinct impact on health care outcomes. Operationalizations of existential distress have included fear of cancer recurrence, death anxiety, demoralization, hopelessness, dignity‐related distress, and the desire for hastened death. These focus in varying emphasis on fear of death, concern about autonomy, suffering, or being a burden to others; a sense of profound loneliness, pointlessness or hopelessness; grief, regret, or embitterment about what has been missed in life; and shame if dignity is lost or expectations about coping are not met. We provide an overview of conceptual issues, diagnostic approaches, and treatments to alleviate existential distress. Although the two meta‐analyses featured in this special issue indicate the progress that has been made, many questions remain unresolved. We suggest how the field may move forward through defining a threshold for clinically significant existential distress, investigating its comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, and inquiring into adjustment processes and mechanisms underlying change in existential interventions. We hope that this special issue may inspire progress in this promising area of research to improve recognition and management of a central psychological state in cancer care.
Back Cover: Cover Image, Volume 74, Issue 11
Authors: Cheng Xuan , Hoffmann Ary A , Maino James L , Umina Paul A 
Published: October 2018

The back‐cover image is based on the Research Article A cryptic diapause strategy in Halotydeus destructor (Tucker) (Trombidiformes: Penthaleidae) induced by multiple cues by Xuan Cheng et al., DOI: 10.1002/ps.5053.
image
Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae improves bone microstructure and strength through Wnt/β‐catenin and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator for nuclear factor‐κB ligand/cathepsin K signaling in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Liu Haixia , Zhu Ruyuan , Wang Lili , Liu Chenyue , Ma Rufeng , Qi Bowen , Chen Beibei , Li Lin , Guo Yubo , Shi Shepo , Jia Qiangqiang , Niu Jianzhao , Zhao Dandan , Mo Fangfang , Gao Sihua , Zhang Dongwei 
Published: October 2018

Although radix Salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) is reported to exhibit the antiosteoporotic effect in preclinical study, the underlying mechanism is unclear. To this end, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were employed with administration of RSM (5 g/kg) for 14 weeks. The disturbed serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteoprotegerin (OPG), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase, and receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) in OVX rats were improved by RSM treatment. Furthermore, supplement of RSM to OVX rats resulted in an increase in femoral bone mineral density and bone strength as well as an improvement in bone microstructures. Moreover, the decreased expression of phosphor (p)‐LRP6, insulin‐like growth factor‐1(IGF‐1), ALP, and OPG, as well as increased expression of RANKL and cathepsin K in the tibias and femurs of OVX rats were shifted by RSM treatment. Additionally, RSM reversed the decreased ratio of p‐glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) to GSK3β and increased ratio of p‐β‐catenin to β‐catenin in OVX rats. Altogether, it is suggestive that RSM improves bone quantity and quality by favoring Wnt/β‐catenin and OPG/RANKL/cathepsin K signaling pathways in OVX rats thereby suggesting the potential of this herb to be a novel source of antiosteoporosis drugs.
The impact of diperfluorophenyl and thienyl substituents on the electronic structures and charge transport properties of the fused thiophene semiconductors
Authors: Wang Lijuan , Dai Jianhong , Song Yan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe charge transport properties of 3 fused thiophene semiconductors, end‐capped with diperfluorophenylthien‐2‐yl (DFPT) groups (DFPT‐thieno[2′, 3′:4, 5]thieno[3, 2‐b]thieno[2, 3‐d]thiophene (TTA), DFPT‐dithieno[2, 3‐b:3′, 2′‐d]thiophenes (DTT), and DFPT‐thieno[3, 2‐b]thiophene (TT)), are explored via density functional theory (DFT). To gain a better understanding of the impact of diperfluorophenyl and thienyl substituents on the electronic structures and charge transport properties of these molecules, the geometric structures, reorganization energy, frontier molecular orbitals, molecular ionization potentials and electron affinities, absorption spectra of the corresponding molecules including diperfluorophenyl (DFP)‐TTA, DFP‐DTT, DFP‐TT, dithienyl (DT)‐TTA, DT‐DTT, DT‐TT as well as their parent molecules (TTA, DTT and TT) are investigated for comparison. The calculated results show that introducing perfluorophenyl groups to the fused thiophenes could be a good strategy to promote electron transport, while the insertion of additional thiophene rings to DFP‐end‐capped derivatives could further extend the π‐conjugation and enhance the charge transport properties of DFPT‐end‐capped analogs.
Self‐Adaptive Electrode with SWCNT Bundles as Elastic Substrate for High‐Rate and Long‐Cycle‐Life Lithium/Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yaxiong , Ren Jing , Gao Xiang , Zhang Wenjun , Duan Huiping , Wang Min , Shui Jianglan , Xu Ming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMassive volume change of active materials in lithium/sodium ion batteries (LIB/SIB) causes severe structural collapse of electrodes and fast capacity decay of batteries. Here, a coaxial composite of single‐wall carbon nanotube bundle (SWCNTB/SnO2) nanoparticles (NPs)/N‐doped carbon shell (SWCNTB@SnO2@C) is constructed, where SWCNTBs with exceptional elasticity are explored as a self‐adaptive substrate to supply a highly resilient conductive network. Within the confinement of hard carbon shells, SWCNTB can produce radially elastic deformation to accommodate the volume change of SnO2 during Li+/Na+ insertion/extraction. This overcomes the problem of strain fracturing of the outer carbon shell, as well as maintains close electrical contact between SnO2 and the conductive network. The LIB/SIB with the self‐adaptive SWCNTB@SnO2@C electrode presents a series of superior battery performances, for example, a high specific capacity of 608 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1 and 600 cycles in LIB without capacity decay.
Manipulating Depletion Region of Aqueous‐Processed Nanocrystals Solar Cells with Widened Fermi Level Offset
Authors: Wang Lijing , Chen Nannan , Jin Gan , Feng Tanglue , Du Xiaohang , Liu Fangyuan , Sun Henan , Yang Bai , Sun Haizhu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWater soluble nanocrystals (NCs) are promising materials in aqueous‐processed solar cells because of their high extinction coefficient, low‐cost, and favorable photoelectric characteristics. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the present aqueous‐processed NC solar cells is restricted by the short depletion region of the active layer and limited Fermi level offset between NCs and the electron transport layer. Herein, these issues are effectively addressed by preparing CdxZn1–xTe NCs capped with 2‐aminoethanethiol hydrochloride. The introduction of Zn2+ into CdTe NCs widens the Fermi level offset from 0.68 to 0.74 eV, lengthens the depletion region from 130 to 137 nm, and hence brings obvious improvement in the open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor. Especially, the depletion region is successfully tuned from 137 to 171 nm, and even lengthened to a record thickness of 200 nm based on aqueous‐processed solar cells. As a result, a champion thickness ratio (74%) of depletion region to active layer (200/270 nm) is achieved. A champion PCE of 5.96% and short‐circuit current (Jsc) of 21.2 mA cm−2 are achieved among aqueous‐processed NC solar cells. This work provides a simple way to prepare polynary NCs and highlights a prospective method to develop more efficient and cost‐effective solution‐processed environment friendly solar cells.
Highly Fluorescent and Stable Black Phosphorus Quantum Dots in Water
Authors: Long Liyuan , Niu Xianghong , Yan Kun , Zhou Gang , Wang Jinlan , Wu Xinglong , Chu Paul K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough 2D black phosphorus (BP) shows excellent optical and electronic properties, there are few reports on the photoluminescence (PL) properties of BP nanostructures because of the low yield of mechanical exfoliation, instability in water, and relatively weak emission. Herein, liquid exfoliation is combined with surface passivation to produce fluorescent BP quantum dots (BPQDs) with a high yield. The BPQDs exhibit strong PL in both ethanol and water and the absolute fluorescent quantum yield in water reaches 70%. Moreover, the BPQD solution exhibits stable PL for 150 d under ambient conditions and better photostability than conventional organic dyes and heavy‐metal semiconducting nanostructures with intense fluorescence. The experiments and theoretical calculation reveal that the intense and stable PL originates from the intrinsic band‐to‐band excitation states and two surface states related to the POH and POCH2CH3 bonding structures introduced by passivation. The polar water molecules remove many nonradiative centers and simultaneously increase the P‐related fluorescent groups on the surface of BPQDs. Therefore, PL from the BPQDs in water is enhanced largely. The excellent fluorescent properties of BPQDs in an aqueous solution bode well for bioimaging and the negligible biotoxicity and distinct cell images suggest large potential in the biomedical and display fields.
Tool for materializing OWL ontologies in a column‐oriented database
Authors: Reyes‐Álvarez Liudmila , Roldán‐García María del Mar , Aldana‐Montes José F. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryBig data technologies enable people to store, analyze, and utilize large amounts of complex data effectively. In this context, NoSQL (Not only Structured Query Language) databases have emerged as the most commonly used infrastructure for handling big Resource Description Framework data. In this paper, we present our proposal to materialize classified OWL (Web Ontology Language) ontologies in a NoSQL database. This materialization process enables the distributed storage of Resource Description Framework data by exploiting the inherent distribution of the NoSQL database nodes. Furthermore, this approach supposes the first step toward a novel approach to scalable OWL reasoning, which enables scalable Linked Data reasoning. To validate our proposal, we developed a prototype for a tool that stores an OWL ontology in a Cassandra database following our approach. Finally, we introduce our reasoning strategy to compute the ontology closure using this Cassandra database.
Climate change vulnerability assessment of species
Authors: Foden Wendy B. , Young Bruce E. , Akçakaya H. Resit , Garcia Raquel A. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Stein Bruce A. , Thomas Chris D. , Wheatley Christopher J. , Bickford David , Carr Jamie A. , Hole David G. , Martin Tara G. , Pacifici Michela , Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Platts Philip J. , Visconti Piero , Watson James E. M. , Huntley Brian 
Published: October 2018

Assessing species' vulnerability to climate change is a prerequisite for developing effective strategies to conserve them. The last three decades have seen exponential growth in the number of studies evaluating how, how much, why, when, and where species will be impacted by climate change. We provide an overview of the rapidly developing field of climate change vulnerability assessment (CCVA) and describe key concepts, terms, steps and considerations. We stress the importance of identifying the full range of pressures, impacts and their associated mechanisms that species face and using this as a basis for selecting the appropriate assessment approaches for quantifying vulnerability. We outline four CCVA assessment approaches, namely trait‐based, correlative, mechanistic and combined approaches and discuss their use. Since any assessment can deliver unreliable or even misleading results when incorrect data and parameters are applied, we discuss finding, selecting, and applying input data and provide examples of open‐access resources. Because rare, small‐range, and declining‐range species are often of particular conservation concern while also posing significant challenges for CCVA, we describe alternative ways to assess them. We also describe how CCVAs can be used to inform IUCN Red List assessments of extinction risk. Finally, we suggest future directions in this field and propose areas where research efforts may be particularly valuable.This article is categorized under:

Climate, Ecology, and Conservation > Extinction Risk
Automated mutual induction proof in separation logic
Authors: Ta Quang-Trung , Le Ton Chanh , Khoo Siau-Cheng , Chin Wei-Ngan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

We present a deductive proof system to automatically prove separation logic entailments by mathematical induction. Our technique is called the
mutual induction proof
. It is an instance of the well-founded induction, a.k.a., Noetherian induction. More specifically, we propose a novel induction principle based on a well-founded relation of separation logic models. We implement this principle explicitly as inference rules so that it can be easily integrated into a deductive proof system. Our induction principle allows a goal entailment and other entailments derived during the proof search to be used as hypotheses to mutually prove each other. This feature increases the success chance of proving the goal entailment. We have implemented this mutual induction proof technique in a prototype prover and evaluated it on two entailment benchmarks collected from the literature as well as a synthetic benchmark. The experimental results are promising since our prover can prove most of the valid entailments in these benchmarks, and achieves a better performance than other state-of-the-art separation logic provers.
Genetik der allgemeinen kognitiven Fähigkeit
Authors: Reis André , Spinath Frank M. 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungIntelligenz ist eines der bestuntersuchten Konstrukte der empirischen Verhaltenswissenschaften und stellt eine allgemeine geistige Kapazität dar, die unter anderem die Fähigkeit zum schlussfolgernden Denken, zum Lösen neuartiger Probleme, zum abstrakten Denken sowie zum schnellen Lernen umfasst. Diese kognitiven Fähigkeiten spielen eine große Rolle in der Erklärung und Vorhersage individueller Unterschiede in zentralen Bereichen des gesellschaftlichen Lebens, wie Schul- und Bildungserfolg, Berufserfolg, sozioökonomischer Status und Gesundheitsverhalten. Verhaltensgenetische Studien zeigen konsistent, dass genetische Einflüsse einen substanziellen Beitrag zur Erklärung individueller Unterschiede leisten, die über 60 % der Intelligenzunterschiede im Erwachsenenalter erklären. In den letzten Jahren konnten in großen genomweiten Assoziationsstudien mit häufigen genetischen Varianten Hunderte mit Intelligenz assoziierte Loci identifiziert werden sowie über 1300 assoziierte Gene mit differentieller Expression überwiegend im Gehirn. Mehrere Signalwege waren angereichert, vor allen für Neurogenese, Regulation der Entwicklung des Nervensystems sowie der synaptischen Struktur und Aktivität. Die Mehrzahl der assoziierten Loci betraf regulatorische Regionen und interessanterweise lag die Hälfte intronisch. Von den über 1300 Genen überlappen nur 9,2 % mit solchen, die mit monogenen neurokognitiven Störungen assoziiert sind. Insgesamt bestätigen die Befunde ein polygenes Modell Tausender additiver Faktoren, wobei die einzelnen Loci eine sehr geringe Effektstärke aufweisen. Insgesamt erklären die jetzigen Befunde ca. 10 % der Gesamtvarianz des Merkmals. Diese Ergebnisse sind ein wichtiger Ausgangspunkt für zukünftige Forschung sowohl in der Genetik als auch den Verhaltenswissenschaften.