bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental soft‐sediment deformation caused by fluidization and intrusive ice melt in sand
Authors: Bertran Pascal , Font Marianne , Giret Arnaud , Manchuel Kevin , Sicilia Deborah 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIdentifying the driving mechanisms of soft‐sediment deformation in the geological record is the subject of debate. Thawing of ice‐rich clayey silt above permafrost was proved experimentally to be among the processes capable of triggering deformation. However, previous work has failed so far to reproduce similar structures in sand. This study investigates fluidization and intrusive ice formation from soil models in the laboratory. Experimental conditions reproduce the growth of ice‐cored mounds caused by pore water pressure increase during freeze‐back of sand in a permafrost context. Excess pore water pressure causes hydraulic fracturing and the development of water lenses beneath the freezing front. Later freezing of the water lenses generates intrusive ice. The main structures consist of sand dykes and sills formed when the increase in pore water pressure exceeds a critical threshold, and soft‐sediment deformations induced by subsidence during ice melt. The combination of processes has resulted in diapir‐like structures. The experimental structures are similar to those described in Pleistocene sites from France. These processes constitute a credible alternative to the seismic hypothesis evoked to explain soft‐sediment deformation structures in other European regions subjected to Pleistocene cold climates.
Determinants of maximal whole‐body fat oxidation in elite cross‐country skiers: Role of skeletal muscle mitochondria
Authors: Dandanell Sune , Meinild‐Lundby Anne‐Kristine , Andersen Andreas B. , Lang Paul F. , Oberholzer Laura , Keiser Stefanie , Robach Paul , Larsen Steen , Rønnestad Bent R. , Lundby Carsten 
Published: September 2018

AbstractElite endurance athletes possess a high capacity for whole‐body maximal fat oxidation (MFO). The aim was to investigate the determinants of a high MFO in endurance athletes. The hypotheses were that augmented MFO in endurance athletes is related to concomitantly increments of skeletal muscle mitochondrial volume density (MitoVD) and mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAOp), that is, quantitative mitochondrial adaptations as well as intrinsic FAOp per mitochondria, that is, qualitative adaptations. Eight competitive male cross‐country skiers and eight untrained controls were compared in the study. A graded exercise test was performed to determine MFO, the intensity where MFO occurs (FatMax), and . Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained to determine MitoVD (electron microscopy), FAOp, and OXPHOSp (high‐resolution respirometry). The following were higher (P < 0.05) in endurance athletes compared to controls: MFO (mean [95% confidence intervals]) (0.60 g/min [0.50‐0.70] vs 0.32 [0.24‐0.39]), FatMax (46% [44‐47] vs 35 [34‐37]), (71 mL/min/kg [69‐72] vs 48 [47‐49]), MitoVD (7.8% [7.2‐8.5] vs 6.0 [5.3‐6.8]), FAOp (34 pmol/s/mg muscle ww [27‐40] vs 21 [17‐25]), and OXPHOSp (108 pmol/s/mg muscle ww [104‐112] vs 69 [68‐71]). Intrinsic FAOp (4.0 pmol/s/mg muscle w.w/MitoVD [2.7‐5.3] vs 3.3 [2.7‐3.9]) and OXPHOSp (14 pmol/s/mg muscle ww/MitoVD [13‐15] vs 11 [10‐13]) were, however, similar in the endurance athletes and untrained controls. MFO and MitoVD correlated (r2 = 0.504, P < 0.05) in the endurance athletes. A strong correlation between MitoVD and MFO suggests that expansion of MitoVD might be rate‐limiting for MFO in the endurance athletes. In contrast, intrinsic mitochondrial changes were not associated with augmented MFO.
Determination of the optimal blending problem of organic‐chemical fertilizer under uncertainty
Authors: Jareonkitpoolpol A. , Ongkunaruk P. , Janssens G. K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe advantages of organic‐chemical fertilizers have been recognised by farmers, and accordingly, the demand for them has increased. An organic‐chemical fertilizer, with an amount of nutrients less than that registered or as specified on the label, is considered a fake or a nonconforming fertilizer. It has been observed that nutrient compositions of samples of organic‐chemical fertilizers are much greater than what is specified on the label. This research aimed to reduce the raw materials cost of organic‐chemical fertilizers while increasing the conformance probability of the nutrient composition. Three models have been formulated to determine the optimal organic‐chemical fertilizer blend: a linear programming model (LP), a chance‐constrained programming model (CCP), and a simulation optimization model. A Monte Carlo simulation was developed to determine the probability that the blending formula, currently in commercial use, and blending formulas obtained from the three optimization models, would be out‐of‐specification. The current and three proposed models were compared in terms of total raw material cost and probability of nonconformance. Our blending formulas could save a material cost of at least 16.6% compared with the commercial formula. Also, the probability of producing nonconforming fertilizers is drastically reduced. On a macro level, the use of the models allows farmers to reduce chemical residues in the soil while Thailand could reduce the import volume of chemical substances. This research may have a significant impact on manufacturers, farmers and the Thai economy.
Modeling Morality in 3‐D: Decision‐Making, Judgment, and Inference
Authors: Yu Hongbo , Siegel Jenifer Z. , Crockett Molly J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHumans face a fundamental challenge of how to balance selfish interests against moral considerations. Such trade‐offs are implicit in moral decisions about what to do; judgments of whether an action is morally right or wrong; and inferences about the moral character of others. To date, these three dimensions of moral cognition–decision‐making, judgment, and inference–have been studied largely independently, using very different experimental paradigms. However, important aspects of moral cognition occur at the intersection of multiple dimensions; for instance, moral hypocrisy can be conceived as a disconnect between moral decisions and moral judgments. Here we describe the advantages of investigating these three dimensions of moral cognition within a single computational framework. A core component of this framework is harm aversion, a moral sentiment defined as a distaste for harming others. The framework integrates economic utility models of harm aversion with Bayesian reinforcement learning models describing beliefs about others’ harm aversion. We show how this framework can provide novel insights into the mechanisms of moral decision‐making, judgment, and inference.
Interspecific and intraspecific transference of metabolism‐based mesotrione resistance in dioecious weedy Amaranthus
Authors: Oliveira Maxwel C. , Gaines Todd A. , Patterson Eric L. , Jhala Amit J. , Irmak Suat , Amundsen Keenan , Knezevic Stevan Z. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryPollen‐mediated gene flow (PMGF) might play an important role in dispersing herbicide resistance alleles in dioecious weedy Amaranthus species. Field experiments in a concentric donor–receptor design were conducted to quantify two sets of PMGF studies, an interspecific (Amaranthus tuberculatus × Amaranthus palmeri) and an intraspecific (A. tuberculatus × A. tuberculatus). In both studies, PMGF was evaluated using a resistant A. tuberculatus phenotype with enhanced mesotrione detoxification via P450 enzymes as a source of resistance alleles. For interspecific hybridization, more than 104 000 putative hybrid seedlings were screened with three markers, one phenotypic and two molecular. The two molecular markers used, including 2‐bp polymorphisms in the internal transcribed spacer region, distinguished A. palmeri, A. tuberculatus and their hybrids. Results showed that 0.1% hybridization between A. tuberculatus × A. palmeri occurred under field research conditions. For intraspecific hybridization, 22 582 seedlings were screened to assess the frequency of gene flow. The frequency of gene flow (FGF) varied with distance, direction and year of the study. The farthest distance for 90% reduction of FGF was at 69 m in 2015 however, after averaging across directions it was 13.1 and 26.1 m in 2014 and 2015, respectively. This study highlights the transfer of metabolism‐based mesotrione resistance from A. tuberculatus to A. palmeri under field research conditions. The results presented here might aid in the rapid detection of A. palmeri among other Amaranthus species and show that PMFG could be expediting the increase of herbicide resistance in A. palmeri and A. tuberculatus across US crop production areas.
NADPH oxidase activity is required for ER stress survival in plants
Authors: Angelos Evan , Brandizzi Federica 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYIn all eukaryotes, the unfolded protein response (UPR) relieves endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is a potentially lethal condition caused by the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER. In mammalian and yeast cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during ER stress attenuate the UPR, negatively impacting cell survival. In plants, the relationship between the UPR and ROS is less clear. Although ROS develop during ER stress, the sources of ROS linked to ER stress responses and the physiological impact of ROS generation on the survival from proteotoxic stress are yet unknown. Here we show that in Arabidopsis thaliana the respiratory burst oxidase homologs, RBOHD and RBOHF, contribute to the production of ROS during ER stress. We also demonstrate that during ER stress RBOHD and RBOHF are necessary to properly mount the adaptive UPR and overcome temporary and chronic ER stress situations. These results ascribe a cytoprotective role to RBOH‐generated ROS in the defense from proteotoxic stress in an essential organelle, and support a plant‐specific feature of the UPR management among eukaryotes.
Histone H3K9 demethylase JMJ25 epigenetically modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in poplar
Authors: Fan Di , Wang Xianqiang , Tang Xiaofeng , Ye Xiao , Ren Sha , Wang Denghui , Luo Keming 
Published: September 2018

SummaryAnthocyanins are involved in several aspects of development and defence in poplar (Populus spp.). Although, over the past decades, significant progress has been made in uncovering these anthocyanin biosynthetic and regulatory mechanisms, the fundamental understanding of the epigenetic regulation in this pathway is still largely unclear. Here, we isolated a histone H3K9 demethylase gene JMJ25 from Populus and characterized its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis by genetic and biochemical approaches. JMJ25 was induced by continuous dark treatment. Overexpression of JMJ25 led to downregulated expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in transgenic poplar, resulting in a significant reduction in anthocyanin content. ChIP‐qPCR assays showed that JMJ25 could directly associate with MYB182 chromatin and dynamically demethylate at H3K9me2. Furthermore, JMJ25 also affected the DNA methylation levels of MYB182. By contrast, knockout of JMJ25 by CRISPR/Cas9 resulted in ectopic anthocyanin accumulation under dark condition and increased expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. Our results support a model in which JMJ25 directly affects MYB182 expression by altering the histone methylation status of its chromatin and DNA methylation, resulting in repression of anthocyanin accumulation. This study uncovered an epigenetic mechanism that modulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in poplar.
Conservative versus surgical treatment of 21 sports horses with osseous trauma in the proximal phalangeal sagittal groove diagnosed by low‐field MRI
Authors: Lipreri Giulia , Bladon Bruce M. , Giorio Maria Elisabetta , Singer Ellen R. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcome following conservative vs surgical management of sports horses with a diagnosis of subchondral bone trauma of the proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx (PP) by low‐field MRI.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsTwenty‐one mature sports horses with evidence of high water signal within the proximal sagittal groove of the PP according to low‐field MRI of the fetlock, with no definitive radiographic evidence of fracture.MethodsMedical records (2010‐2017) of horses admitted to 2 referral hospitals were reviewed. Historical, clinical, radiographic, and MRI findings and treatment choice were recorded. Conservative management consisted of confinement to a stall followed by gradual reintroduction to exercise. Surgical management consisted of cortical screw fixation across the proximal aspect of the PP. Long‐term outcome was determined by telephone questionnaire or by clinical records review. Fisher's exact test was used to compare outcome between the 2 treatment groups.ResultsFollow‐up was available in 17 of 21 horses in the study, including 8 horses treated conservatively and 9 treated surgically. No difference in outcome was detected in this study; 4 of 8 horses were sound after conservative management, and 5 of 9 horses were sound after surgery (P > .99).ConclusionApproximately half of the horses that had a diagnosis of osseous trauma within the proximal aspect of PP returned to athletic activity, regardless of conservative or surgical management.Clinical significanceThe prognosis for return to athletic functions in horses with osseous trauma within the proximal aspect of the PP is guarded.
Why don't mice lacking the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter experience an energy crisis?
Authors: Wang Pei , Fernandez‐Sanz Celia , Wang Wang , Sheu Shey‐Shing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCurrent dogma holds that the heart balances energy demand and supply effectively and sustainably by sequestering enough Ca2+ into mitochondria during heartbeats to stimulate metabolic enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and electron transport chain (ETC). This process is called excitation‐contraction‐bioenergetics (ECB) coupling. Recent breakthroughs in identifying the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and its associated proteins have opened up new windows for interrogating the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis regulation and its role in ECB coupling. Despite remarkable progress made in the past 7 years, it has been surprising, almost disappointing, that germline MCU deficiency in mice with certain genetic background yields viable pups, and knockout of the MCU in adult heart does not cause lethality. Moreover, MCU deficiency results in few adverse phenotypes, normal performance, and preserved bioenergetics in the heart at baseline. In this review, we briefly assess the existing literature on mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis regulation and then we consider possible explanations for why MCU‐deficient mice are spared from energy crises under physiological conditions. We propose that MCU and/or mitochondrial Ca2+ may have limited ability to set ECB coupling, that other mitochondrial Ca2+ handling mechanisms may play a role, and that extra‐mitochondrial Ca2+ may regulate ECB coupling. Since the heart needs to regenerate a significant amount of ATP to assure the perpetuation of heartbeats, multiple mechanisms are likely to work in concert to match energy supply with demand.
Nursing attitudes towards continuous capnographic monitoring of floor patients
Authors: Clark Catherine L , Weavind Liza M , Nelson Sara E , Wilkie Jennifer L , Conway Joel T , Freundlich Robert E 
Published: September 2018

IntroductionNurses’ perceptions of the utility of capnography monitoring are inconsistent in previous studies. We sought to outline the limitations of a uniform education effort in bringing about consistent views of capnography among nurses.MethodsA survey was administered to 22 nurses in three subacute care floors participating in a pragmatic clinical trial employing capnography monitoring in a large, urban tertiary care hospital. A 5-point Likert scale was used to assess the value and acceptance nurses ascribed to the practice. Means and SD were calculated for each response.ResultsSurvey results indicated inconsistency in the valuation of capnography, coupled with varying degrees of acceptance of its use. The mean for the level of perceived impact of capnography use on patient safety was 3.86, yet the perceived risk of removing capnography was represented by a mean of 2.57. The levels of urgency attached to apnoea alarms (mean 3.57, SD 1.57) were lower than those for alarms for oxygen saturation violations (mean 3.67, SD 1.32). The necessity for pulse oximetry monitoring was perceived as much higher than that for capnography monitoring (mean 1.76, SD 1.34), where ‘1’ represented pulse oximetry as more necessary and ‘5’ represented capnography as more necessary.ConclusionsNursing acceptance of capnography monitoring is a difficult endpoint to achieve. There is a need for better accounting for the external and internal influences on nurse perceptions and values to have greater success with the implementation of similar monitoring.
Impaired drainage of vein of Labbé following venous sinus stenting for idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Boddu Srikanth R , Gobin Y Pierre , Dinkin Marc , Oliveira Cristiano , Patsalides Athos 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe impact of venous sinus stenting (VSS) on vein of Labbé (VOL) drainage is poorly understood. The purpose of the study is to examine the incidence and potential high risk factors of impaired VOL drainage among idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) patients following VSS.Materials and methodsInstitutional review board approved prospective evaluation of all IIH patients who underwent VSS over a 5 year period (January 2012 to December 2017) at Weill Cornell Medical Center constituted the study population. Patient demographics, procedural details (laterality of stenting, balloon angioplasty, number of stents, and stent diameters), morphology of the VOL and changes in the flow in the VOL, type of sinus stenosis, and transverse sinus symmetry were evaluated. We used χ2analysis to evaluate impaired VOL drainage against other variables. Statistical significance was set at 0.05.Results70 consecutive patients (67 women, 3 men) with a mean age of 31±9.8 years underwent VSS. Stenosis was extrinsic in 63% (n=44) and intrinsic in 37% (n=26) of patients. Impaired drainage of the VOL was detected in 9/70 (13%) patients. Ipsilateral VOL was recognized as dominant in 20% (n=14), co-dominant in 51% (n=36), and non-dominant in 29% (n=20) of patients. Impaired VOL drainage was significantly associated with ipsilateral VOL dominance (P=0.001) and stent diameter of ≥9 mm (P=0.042). All patients demonstrated widely patent VOL on follow-up contrast enhanced MR venography at 3 months and 24 months.ConclusionImpaired drainage of the ipsilateral VOL is a potential consequence of VSS with 13% incidence, and has significant association with ipsilateral superficial cortical venous drainage via dominant VOL and stent diameter of ≥9 mm.Clinical trial registrationNCT01407809.
Real-world stent retriever thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke beyond 6 hours of onset: analysis of the NASA and TRACK registries
Authors: Mokin Maxim , Abou-Chebl Alex , Castonguay Alicia C , Nogueira Raul G , English Joey D , Farid Hamed , Gupta Rishi , Martin Coleman , Holloway William Edward , Haussen Diogo C , Mueller-Kronast Nils , Zaidat Osama O 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundThe DEFUSE 3 and DAWN trials have shown the benefit of thrombectomy beyond 6 hours of stroke symptom onset in carefully selected patients.ObjectiveTo evaluate the real-world outcomes of stent retriever thrombectomy beyond 6 hours of stroke onset using combined individual patient data from the North American Solitaire Stent Retriever Acute Stroke (NASA) and Trevo Stent-Retriever Acute Stroke (TRACK) registries.MethodsPooled analysis of individual patient data of all cases of anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke (AIS) from NASA and TRACK was performed to compare outcomes of patients presenting within the first hours 6 or beyond 6 hours of stroke symptom onset.ResultsOf 830 patients with anterior circulation AIS from the NASA and TRACK registries, 32.7% (271 patients) underwent thrombectomy beyond the first 6 hours of symptom onset. The rates of good clinical outcome (modified Rankin scale score of 0–2 at 90 days), mortality, and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage were similar: 48.1%, 20.6%, and 8.0% within 0–6 hours, 46.2%, 21.6%, and 10.9% within 6–16 hours, and 38.9%, 33.3%, and 5% within 16–24 hours (p=0.8, 0.6, and 0.5, respectively). The rates of successful recanalization (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/3) were 79.4% in patients with stroke within 0–6 hours, 72.6% within 6–16 hours, and 85.0% within 16–24 hours (p=0.04).ConclusionsReal-world experience with patients with anterior circulation AIS treated with the Solitaire and Trevo thrombectomy devices beyond the first 6 hours of symptom onset proved to be equally safe and effective as for patients with symptom onset within the first 6 hours.
#Fake news: a systematic review of mechanical thrombectomy results among neurointerventional stroke surgeons on Twitter
Authors: Dmytriw Adam Andrew , Sorenson Thomas Joseph , Morris Jonathan M , Nicholson Patrick J , Hilditch Christopher Alan , Graffeo Christopher S , Brinjikji Waleed 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTwitter is a popular social media platform among physicians. Neurointerventionalists frequently document their lifesaving mechanical thrombectomy cases on Twitter with very favorable results. We fear that there may be some social media publication bias to tweeted mechanical thrombectomy cases with neurointerventionalists being more likely to tweet cases with favorable outcomes. We used these publicly documented cases to analyze post-intervention Twitter-reported outcomes and compared these outcomes with the data provided in the gold standard literature.MethodsTwo reviewers performed a search of Twitter for tweeted cases of acute ischemic strokes treated with mechanical thrombectomy. Data were abstracted from each tweet regarding baseline characteristics and outcomes. Twitter-reported outcomes were compared with the Highly Effective Reperfusion Evaluated in Multiple Endovascular Stroke (HERMES) trial individual patient meta-analysis.ResultsWhen comparing the tweeted results to HERMES, tweeted cases had a higher post-intervention rate of modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) scale score of 2c/3 (94% vs 71%, respectively; p<0.0001) and rate of National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤2 (81% vs 21%, respectively; p<0.0001). There were no reported complications; thus, tweeted cases also had significantly lower rates of complications, including symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (0% vs 4.4%, respectively; p<0.0001), type 2 parenchymal hemorrhage (0% vs 5.1%, respectively; p<0.0001), and mortality (0% vs 15.3%, respectively; p<0.0001).ConclusionsThere is a significant difference between social media and reality even within the ‘MedTwitter’ sphere, which is likely due to a strong publication bias in Twitter-reported cases. Content on ‘MedTwitter’, as with most social media, should be accepted cautiously.