bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earnings quality and managerial access to debt financing: empirical evidence from Iran
Authors: Salehi Mahdi , Timachi Maryam , Farhangdoust Shayan 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to establish a linkage between two rarely researched areas, i.e. earnings quality (EQ) and access to external and internal debt financing. Specifically, the authors aim to examine whether the quality of a firm’s reported earnings is significantly associated with its access to both private and bank debt financing.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors test the hypotheses by employing panel data analysis for a sample of 108 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during 2006-2015. The tests were conducted by using R econometric software.

Findings
After controlling for some firm-specific factors and consistent with the primary expectations, the results reveal a significant and positive relationship between EQ and managerial access to external (bank) debt financing. In addition, the findings indicate that EQ is negatively associated with internal debt financing which is measured as the changes in firm retained earnings.

Research limitations/implications
Although the authors cautiously conducted the present study, there are some limitations that merit further consideration. First, the authors collected the data manually from 14 categories of industries in the TSE and, accordingly, an aggregate analysis across multiple categories of industries might have missed industry-specific and unique issues. Second, the authors used a narrow conceptualization of accruals quality which merely assesses a firm’s EQ. The measures can be enhanced by including more actionable proxies. Third, since the data on debt financing were collected from two different sources, this might have caused common method variance in the results procedurally.

Originality/value
Since the fundamental institutional assumptions underpinning the Western and even East Asia debt contracting and EQ models are not valid in the institutional environment of Iran, the findings could provide substantial implications for the understanding of both debt financing and the quality of earnings. These significant institutional and ownership differences are the factors affecting firms’ leverage and capital choice decisions. Indeed, the study has laid some groundwork upon which a more detailed evaluation of the Iranian firms’ financial structure could be based.
Promoting and marketing a revolutionary cooking appliance in the 1840s Stanislas Sorel’s portable stove “Le Cordon Bleu” (1834–1849)
Authors: Spennemann Dirk HR 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the nature and significance of Sorel’s cooking appliance and to examine the promotion and marketing options used by Sorel to make it an appliance that was “widely used in private residences and by small eating houses.” It will highlight the role of the individual and will demonstrate that marketing and promotion strategies that are modulated by the social ambitions of the manufacturer.Design/methodology/approachThe basis of this research is extensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of primary sources, mainly the advertisements placed by Sorel, supported by information in contemporary newspapers and journals.FindingsStanislas Sorel’s invention of an early form of thermostat allowed him to develop a stove that could cook a four-course family dinner largely unsupervised, an invention which was poised to revolutionise the lives of many households. Sorel was primarily an inventor striving for acceptance in the scientific world, with limited skills in the commercialisation of his inventions. His promotion and marketing efforts reflect both the social realities of the time and his own ambitions.Originality/valueThere has been very little research into the way small French inventors and manufacturers approached the marketing of their products. The paper provides a unique insight into the promotion techniques of a mid-nineteenth-century French inventor-cum-entrepreneur and highlights the role of the individual and how actions are constrained by ambition and opportunity. The paper provides an example of how research into how specific individuals can inform the larger history of marketing.
Forward modelling and imaging of ground‐penetrating radar in tunnel ahead geological prospecting
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhang Fengkai , Li Shucai , Li Yao , Xu Shan , Nie Lichao , Zhang Chongmin , Zhang Qingsong 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTAdverse geologies are often encountered during tunnel construction, which could seriously endanger the construction. To ensure the safety, it is essential to detect adverse geologies and their water‐bearing situation ahead the tunnel face. Ground‐penetrating radar is a suitable instrument, but the accurate interpretation of its detection results is difficult. In this paper, at first, an improved back projection imaging algorithm is proposed, which can make reflection waves closer to the real geological boundaries with few artificial clutters. And then, forward modelling of ground‐penetrating radar is carried out for typical adverse geologies, such as karst caves, faults, fractured rock masses, fracture network, and water‐bearing body. Their corresponding response features are obtained, accumulating experience for geological interpretation. The above two methods provide the basis for target identification and geological interpretation. In the last part, the application of the above two methods in several engineering cases are given, and their effectiveness is verified.
Development of a language screening instrument for Swedish 4‐year‐olds
Authors: Lavesson Ann , Lövdén Martin , Hansson Kristina 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe Swedish Program for health surveillance of preschool children includes screening of language and communication abilities. One important language screening is carried out at age 4 years as part of a general screening conducted by health nurses at child health centres. The instruments presently in use for this screening mainly focus on expressive phonology. This may result in both over‐referral of children with phonological difficulties and under‐referral of children with language disorders (LDs), involving difficulties with vocabulary, grammar and/or language comprehension. Previous research has proposed non‐word repetition as a clinical marker for LD. It has also been found that higher predictive power is achieved when non‐word repetition is combined with the assessment of lexical/semantic skills. Taking these findings into account, the construction of a language screening instrument may yield more adequate referrals to speech–language therapists (SLTs).AimsTo construct a new standardized language screening instrument for 4‐year‐olds and to test its properties.Methods & ProceduresAn instrument was developed and revised after piloting. A population of 352 children was screened at the regular 4‐year check‐up by 11 health nurses. The final sample consisted of 328 children aged 46–53 months (23% multilingual). Children performing below a preliminary cut‐off were referred to an SLT (n = 52). Five SLTs carried out an assessment on average within 5 weeks using a gold standard language test battery. Children who screened negatively were followed up with a parent questionnaire at age 5;6.Outcomes & ResultsThirty‐one true‐positives and 11 false‐positives were identified after SLT assessment. A further six children were identified as false‐negatives (two through referral to an SLT and four through parent questionnaire at age 5;6). A receiver‐operating characteristics curve with a C statistic of .94 was calculated. Based on optimal cut‐off, the sensitivity of the screening instrument was found to be .84, and specificity was .96. Multilingual children performed similar to monolingual children; boys performed significantly lower than girls; and children with a family history of language‐related problems performed lower than those without. Interrater reliability was high, as was Cronbach's alpha.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe screening instrument seems sufficiently valid for its purpose to identify children who need further assessment by an SLT. A follow‐up study including SLT assessment for all children to check for false‐negatives would be interesting in future, as would studies comparing results from the 4‐year screening with those from earlier screens.
A subunit of the HOPS endocytic tethering complex, FgVps41, is important for fungal development and plant infection in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Li Bing , Dong Xin , Li Xinrui , Chen Huaigu , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: February 2018

SummaryThe signals by which eukaryotic cells communicate with the environment are usually mediated by vesicle trafficking to be attenuated or terminated. However, vesicle trafficking‐mediated signal transmission during interactions between pathogens and host plants is poorly understood. Here, we identified and characterized the vacuole sorting protein FgVps41, which is the yeast HOPS tethering complex subunit Vps41 homolog in Fusarium graminearum. Targeted gene deletion demonstrated that FgVps41 is important for vegetative growth, asexual/sexual development, conidial morphology, plant infection and deoxynivalenol production. Cellular localization and cytological examinations revealed that FgVps41 localizes to early/late endosomes and vacuole membrane, and is recruited to prevacuolar compartments and vacuole membrane by interacting with FgRab7 in F. graminearum. Furthermore, we found FgVps41 mediates vacuole membrane fusion and sorting of FgApeI, a cargo protein involving in the cytosol‐to‐vacuole targeting pathway. In addition, we found that FgVps41 interacts with FgYck3, a vacuolar type I casein kinase, which regulates vesicle fusion in the AP‐3 pathway. Deletion of FgYck3 showed similar phenotypes to the ΔFgvps41 mutant, and both FgRab7 and FgYck3 regulate the normal localization of FgVps41. Collectively, our results demonstrate that FgVps41 acts as a HOPS tethering complex subunit and is important for the development of infection‐related morphogenesis in F. graminearum.
Culturally embedded health beliefs, self‐care and the use of anti‐ageing medicine among Australian and Japanese older adults
Authors: Omori Maho , Dempsey Deborah 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAdopting Kleinman's and Lock's ideas that there are cultural variations in understandings of health care and the medicalisation of ageing bodies, this study compares and contrasts older adults’ use of anti‐ageing medicine in two cultural settings. Based on 42 interviews conducted in Australia and Japan with adults aged 60 and over, findings revealed distinct pathways to initiating anti‐ageing medicine use between the two cohorts which reflect different attitudes to the medicalisation of ageing in the two settings. In Australia where consultation of medical doctors for major and minor ailments is routine for many older adults, supplement use was initiated on doctor's advice, or reactionary, in that dissatisfaction with doctors’ advice was the impetus. By contrast, many Japanese elders did not seek the advice of medical practitioners for minor health issues, considering them instead to be part of a natural process of ageing, and viewed their supplement use as co‐extensive with their use of Shokuji‐ryohou or a traditional corrective diet. Despite these cultural differences, both the Australian and Japanese elders resisted more extreme manifestations of the biomedicalisation of ageing and took anti‐ageing medicine to ward off the perceived danger of surgery in later life.
The role of metformin and statins in the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer in type 2 diabetes: a cohort and nested case–control study
Authors: Urpilainen E , Marttila M , Hautakoski A , Arffman M , Sund R , Ilanne‐Parikka P , Arima R , Kangaskokko J , Puistola U , Läärä E , Hinkula M 
Published: February 2018

ObjectiveTo obtain evidence of the effects of metformin and statins on the incidence of ovarian cancer in women with type 2 diabetes (T2D).DesignA retrospective cohort study and nested case–control study.SettingThe data were obtained from a diabetes database (FinDM) combining information from several nationwide registers.PopulationA cohort of 137 643 women over 40 years old and diagnosed with T2D during 1996–2011 in Finland.MethodsIn full cohort analysis Poisson regression was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HR) in relation to ever use of metformin, insulin other oral anti‐diabetic medication or statins. In the nested case–control analysis 20 controls were matched to each case of ovarian cancer. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate HRs in relation to medication use and cumulative use of different medications. The estimates were adjusted for age and duration of T2D.Main outcome measureIncidence of ovarian cancer.ResultsIn all, 303 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer during the follow up. Compared with other forms of oral anti‐diabetic medication, metformin (HR 1.02, 95% CI: 0.72–1.45) was not found to be associated with the incidence of ovarian cancer. Neither was there evidence for statins to affect the incidence (HR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.78–1.25). In nested case–control analysis the results were essentially similar.ConclusionsNo evidence of an association between the use of metformin or statins and the incidence of ovarian cancer in women with T2D was found.Tweetable abstractNo evidence found for metformin or statins reducing the incidence of ovarian cancer.
Habitat filtering of bacterioplankton communities above polymetallic nodule fields and sediments in the Clarion‐Clipperton zone of the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lindh Markus V. , Maillot Brianne M. , Smith Craig R. , Church Matthew J. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryDeep‐sea mining of commercially valuable polymetallic nodule fields will generate a seabed sediment plume into the water column. Yet, the response of bacterioplankton communities, critical in regulating energy and matter fluxes in marine ecosystems, to such disturbances is unknown. Metacommunity theory, traditionally used in general ecology for macroorganisms, offers mechanistic understanding on the relative role of spatial differences compared with local environmental conditions (habitat filtering) for community assembly. We examined bacterioplankton metacommunities using 16S rRNA amplicons from the Clarion‐Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the eastern Pacific Ocean and in global ocean transect samples to determine sensitivity of these assemblages to environmental perturbations. Habitat filtering was the main assembly mechanism of bacterioplankton community composition in the epi‐ and mesopelagic waters of the CCZ and the Tara Oceans transect. Bathy‐ and abyssopelagic bacterioplankton assemblages were mainly assembled by undetermined metacommunity types or neutral and dispersal‐driven patch‐dynamics for the CCZ and the Malaspina transect. Environmental disturbances may alter the structure of upper‐ocean microbial assemblages, with potentially even more substantial, yet unknown, impact on deep‐sea communities. Predicting such responses in bacterioplankton assemblage dynamics can improve our understanding of microbially‐mediated regulation of ecosystem services in the abyssal seabed likely to be exploited by future deep‐sea mining operations.
The metabolic pathways utilized by Salmonella Typhimurium during infection of host cells
Authors: Thompson Arthur , Fulde Marcus , Tedin Karsten 
Published: February 2018

SummaryOnly relatively recently has research on the metabolism of intracellular bacterial pathogens within their host cells begun to appear in the published literature. This reflects in part the experimental difficulties encountered in separating host metabolic processes from those of the resident pathogen. One of the most genetically tractable and thoroughly studied intracellular bacterial pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), has been at the forefront of metabolic studies within eukaryotic host cells. In this review, we offer a synthesis of what has been discovered to date regarding the metabolic adaptation of S. Typhimurium to survival and growth within the infected host. We discuss many studies in the context of techniques used, types of host cells, how host metabolites contribute to intracellular survival and proliferation of the pathogen and how bacterial metabolism affects the virulence and persistence of the pathogen.
Prevalence of psychotic‐like experiences and their correlations with internalizing problems: A study of early adolescents in rural area in Karawang, Indonesia
Authors: Maharani Lerivia , Turnip Sherly Saragih 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents who live in rural areas have been found to experience more mental health problems than those who live in urban areas. In Indonesia, adolescents who live in rural areas have limited facilities to access mental health services. On the other hand, there is still a strong belief in the rural communities that mental health problems are the consequence of demonic possession, having committed a sin, lack of faith, etc. Rural communities tend to seek traditional remedies such as advice from traditional healers or witchdoctors. Unfortunately, previous studies have indicated that the onset of most mental health problems is during adolescence, and this includes psychotic symptoms that are often manifested as psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs).MethodsThe Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire was used to examine internalizing problems. PLEs were used to examine psychotic symptoms. Data were collected in 3 junior high schools in Karawang. A total of 270 adolescents (aged between 11 and 16 years old) who live in the rural area in Karawang participated in this research.ResultsThe study found that the prevalence of adolescents with at least 2 symptoms of PLEs was 7%. The result of the study indicated that there is no significant correlation between psychotic‐like experiences and internalizing problems (r = .075, P = .22).DiscussionPLEs significantly correlated with peer‐relationship problems rather than with internalizing problems. Further investigation is needed to examine the factors that contribute to PLEs in rural settings.
Statistical genetics and its application to neuroimmunology
Authors: Ogawa Kotaro , Okada Yukinori 
Published: February 2018

AbstractStatistical genetics is a field involving the analysis of genetic data. With the development of next‐generation sequencing and single‐nucleotide polymorphism microarrays, the amount of genetic data is increasing rapidly. Genome‐wide association studies are one example of the successful application of an approach based on statistical genetics. To shed light on neuroinflammatory diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, >100 000 people have been enrolled in the genome‐wide association study meta‐analysis, and 200 loci associated with multiple sclerosis have been detected. To utilize these genetic data for clinical medicine, development of novel methods of statistical genetics is warranted. Human leukocyte antigen imputation and in silico drug repositioning are good examples of such approaches.
Unified Materials Information System (UMIS): An Integrated Material Stocks and Flows Data Structure
Authors: Myers Rupert J. , Fishman Tomer , Reck Barbara K. , Graedel T. E. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryModern society depends on the use of many diverse materials. Effectively managing these materials is becoming increasingly important and complex, from the analysis of supply chains, to quantifying their environmental impacts, to understanding future resource availability. Material stocks and flows data enable such analyses, but currently exist mainly as discrete packages, with highly varied type, scope, and structure. These factors constitute a powerful barrier to holistic integration and thus universal analysis of existing and yet to be published material stocks and flows data. We present the Unified Materials Information System (UMIS) to overcome this barrier by enabling material stocks and flows data to be comprehensively integrated across space, time, materials, and data type independent of their disaggregation, without loss of information, and avoiding double counting. UMIS can therefore be applied to structure diverse material stocks and flows data and their metadata across material systems analysis methods such as material flow analysis (MFA), input‐output analysis, and life cycle assessment. UMIS uniquely labels and visualizes processes and flows in UMIS diagrams; therefore, material stocks and flows data visualized in UMIS diagrams can be individually referenced in databases and computational models. Applications of UMIS to restructure existing material stocks and flows data represented by block flow diagrams, system dynamics diagrams, Sankey diagrams, matrices, and derived using the economy‐wide MFA classification system are presented to exemplify use. UMIS advances the capabilities with which complex quantitative material systems analysis, archiving, and computation of material stocks and flows data can be performed.
Understanding drug interactions with St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): impact of hyperforin content
Authors: Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun , Vlachojannis Julia , McLachlan Andrew J 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to review herb–drug interaction studies with St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) with a focus on the hyperforin content of the extracts used in these studies.

Methods
PUBMED was systematically searched to identify studies describing pharmacokinetic interactions involving St John's wort. Data on study design and the St John's wort extract or product were gathered to extract hyperforin content and daily dose used in interaction studies.

Key findings
This analysis demonstrates that significant herb–drug interactions (resulting in a substantial change in systemic exposure) with St John's wort products were associated with hyperforin daily dosage. Products that had a daily dose of &lt;1 mg hyperforin were less likely to be associated with major interaction for drugs that were CYP3A4 or p-glycoprotein substrates. Although a risk of interactions cannot be excluded even for low-dose hyperforin St. John's wort extracts, the use of products that result in a dose of not more than 1 mg hyperforin per day is recommended to minimise the risk of interactions.

Conclusions
This review highlights that the significance of herb–drug interactions with St John's wort is influenced by the nature of the herbal medicines product, particularly the hyperforin content.