bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Incident Malnutrition in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: A MaNuEL Multicohort Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Streicher Melanie , van Zwienen‐Pot Judith , Bardon Laura , Nagel Gabriele , Teh Ruth , Meisinger Christine , Colombo Miriam , Torbahn Gabriel , Kiesswetter Eva , Flechtner‐Mors Marion , Denkinger Michael , Rothenbacher Dietrich , Thorand Barbara , Ladwig Karl‐Heinz , Corish Clare A. , Clarke Michelle , Kerse Ngaire , Muru‐Lanning Marama , Gibney Eileen R. , O'Connor Eibhlís M. , Visser Marjolein , Volkert Dorothee ,   on behalf of the MaNuEL consortium
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo identify determinants of incident malnutrition in community‐dwelling older adults.DesignMeta‐analysis of 6 community‐based longitudinal datasets with follow‐up of 1 to 3 years.SettingDatasets from MaNuEL (MalNutrition in the Elderly) partners were included: 3 studies from Germany and 1 each from Ireland, the Netherlands, and New Zealand.Participantscommunity‐dwelling adults aged 65 and older (N=4,844).MeasurementThe same definition of incident malnutrition was used for all cohorts (body mass index < 20.0 kg/m2 at follow‐up or weight loss ≥10 % between baseline and follow‐up). Twenty‐one potential baseline determinants from 7 domains (demographic, nutritional, lifestyle, social, psychological, physical functioning, medical) and 2 follow‐up variables (hospitalization, falls) were harmonized for all studies. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association between each variable, adjusted for specific confounders, and incident malnutrition. Combined odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random‐effects meta‐analyses.ResultsStudies included between 209 and 1,841 participants without malnutrition at baseline; mean age ranged from 71.7 to 84.6. Incidence of malnutrition varied from 5.1% and 17.2%. Meta‐analyses identified 6 variables as independent determinants of incident malnutrition; with increasing age, the risk of developing malnutrition increased continuously. Unmarried, separated, or divorced participants were more likely to develop malnutrition than married participants, whereas no association was found for widowed participants. Participants with difficulty walking (OR=1.41, 95% CI=1.06–1.89) or difficulty climbing stairs (OR=1.45, 95% CI=1.14–1.85) and those who were hospitalized before baseline (OR=1.49, 95% CI=1.25–1.76) and during follow‐up (OR=2.02, 95% CI=1.41–2.88) had higher odds of incident malnutrition.ConclusionIn this harmonized meta‐analysis based on prospective data of older, community‐dwelling adults, age, marital status, limitations with walking and climbing stairs, and hospitalization were identified as determinants of incident malnutrition. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2335–2343, 2018.
Caregiver‐Based Interventions to Optimize Medication Safety in Vulnerable Elderly Adults: A Systematic Evidence‐Based Review
Authors: Wagle Kamal C. , Skopelja Elaine N. , Campbell Noll L. 
Published: August 2018

ObjectivesTo study the effect of caregiver‐focused interventions to support medication safety in older adults with chronic disease.DesignSystematic review.SettingStudies published before January 31, 2017, searched using Ovid Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar.ParticipantsCaregivers with or without a care recipient.MeasurementsInclusion criteria: interventions focused on caregivers aiming to improve medication safety. Studies not focusing on older adults, not evaluating medication safety, failing to include caregivers, or without a comparison group were excluded.ResultsThe initial search revealed 1,311 titles. Eight studies met inclusion criteria. The strategies used in randomized trials were a home‐based medication review and adherence assessment by a clinical pharmacist (2 home visits 6–8 weeks apart, with pharmacist and physician meeting independently) that found no difference in nonelective hospital admissions (p=.8) but fewer medications (p=.03); a 19‐minute educational DVD and an hour‐long medication education and training that improved caregiver satisfaction (p<.04); a medication education and adherence intervention (2–3 home visits per care recipient and caregiver dyad over 8 weeks) that found no difference in knowledge, administration, or accessibility of medications (p=.29); and a collaborative case management program (16‐month program of assessment, meeting, and monthly follow‐up telephone calls) that reduced perceived caregiver burden (p=.03). Quasi‐experimental trials included collaborative care transitional coaches, an outpatient collaborative care model, and education and training programs. Of these, educational interventions showed improvements in self‐efficacy, confidence, and preparedness. The collaborative care intervention reduced rehospitalizations (p=.04) and improved quality‐of‐care outcomes.ConclusionAlthough some interventions improved caregiver medication knowledge and self‐efficacy, effects on clinical outcomes and healthcare use were insufficiently studied. Two studies implementing collaborative care models with medication management components showed potential for improvement in quality of clinical care and reductions in healthcare visits and warrant further study with respect to medication safety.J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2128–2135, 2018.
Sensory discrimination of the viscosity of thickened liquids for dysphagia management
Authors: Zhong Lei , Hadde Enrico K. , Zhou Zeguang , Xia Yao , Chen Jianshe 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThickened water and thickened milk are frequently used in dysphagia management. However, there is still lack of information regarding the correlation between their measured viscosity and sensory viscosity. In this work, the relationship was investigated by rheological measurements and a series of tactile sensory tests. Both magnitude estimation (ME) and triangle protocols were used for the evaluation. The rheological data indicated that both thickened water and thickened milk were shear thinning, but the shear viscosity of thickened milk was obviously higher than that of thickened water for the same amount of thickeners. For the participants considered, the perception of thickened water and thickened milk both obeyed the Stevens' power law according to the results of ME. It was found in the triangle assessments that within the proposed nectar‐ and honey‐thick viscosity ranges, participants were able to correctly discriminate a 0.83‐fold and a 1.05‐fold increase in shear viscosity for thickened water and thickened milk, respectively. Results of both ME and triangle tests suggested that human abilities in detecting the viscosity changes of thickened water and thickened milk by finger tactile sensory were similar within nectar‐ and honey‐thick viscosity range in spite of their different compositions and rheological properties.Practical applicationsThickened water and thickened milk are commonly used in the management of individuals with dysphagia to improve their quality of life. However, it is difficult to determine the optimal thickening degree in clinical practice because there is a lack of information of the perception of their rheological properties. To investigate the human sensory ability in detecting viscosity differences of thickened water and thickened milk is essential to improve our understanding of the perception of thickened liquids. Moreover, it provides significant information for manufacturing high quality thickened liquids products and for setting guidelines for effectively preparing and serving thickened liquids to individuals with dysphagia.
The burden of suboptimal breastfeeding in Mexico: Maternal health outcomes and costs
Authors: Unar‐Munguía Mishel , Stern Dalia , Colchero Monica Arantxa , González de Cosío Teresita 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLonger duration of breastfeeding is associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, breast and ovarian cancer, myocardial infarction, and hypertension diseases in women. Mexico has one of the lowest breastfeeding rates worldwide; therefore, estimating the disease and economic burden of such rates is needed to influence public policy. We considered suboptimal breastfeeding when fewer than 95% of parous women breastfeed for less than 24 months per child, according to the World Health Organization recommendations. We quantified the lifetime excess cases of maternal health outcomes, premature death, disability‐adjusted life years, direct costs, and indirect costs attributable to suboptimal breastfeeding practices from Mexico in 2012. We used a static microsimulation model for a hypothetical cohort of 100,000 Mexican women to estimate the lifetime economic cost and disease burden of type 2 diabetes, breast and ovarian cancer, myocardial infarction, and hypertension in mothers, due to suboptimal breastfeeding, compared with an optimal scenario of 95% of parous women breastfeeding for 24 months. We expressed cost in 2016 USD. We used a 3% discount rate and tested in sensitivity analysis 0% and 5% discount rates. We found that the 2012 suboptimal scenario was associated with 5,344 more cases of all analysed diseases, 1,681 additional premature deaths, 66,873 disability‐adjusted life years, and 561.94 million USD for direct and indirect costs over the lifetime of a cohort of 1,116 million Mexican women. Findings suggest that investments in strategies to enable more women to optimally breastfeed could result in important health and cost savings.
Gene expression profiling reveals deep‐sea coral response to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
Authors: DeLeo Danielle M. , Herrera Santiago , Lengyel Stephen D. , Quattrini Andrea M. , Kulathinal Rob J. , Cordes Erik E. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDeep‐sea coral communities are key components of the Gulf of Mexico ecosystem and were adversely affected by the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Coral colonies exposed to oil and dispersant exhibited mortality, damage and physiological signatures of stress. Understanding how corals respond to oil and dispersant exposure at the molecular level is important to elucidate the sublethal effects of the DWH disaster and reveal broader patterns of coral stress responses. Gene expression profiles from RNAseq data were compared between corals at an impacted site and from a reference site. A total of 1,439 differentially expressed genes (≥twofold) were shared among impacted Paramuricea biscaya colonies. Genes involved in oxidative stress, immunity, wound repair, tissue regeneration and metabolism of xenobiotics were significantly differentially expressed in impacted corals. Enrichment among the overexpressed genes indicates the corals were enduring high metabolic demands associated with cellular stress responses and repair mechanisms. Underexpression of genes vital to toxin processing also suggests a diminished capacity to cope with environmental stressors. Our results provide evidence that deep‐sea corals exhibited genome‐wide cellular stress responses to oil and dispersant exposure and demonstrate the utility of next‐generation sequencing for monitoring anthropogenic impacts in deep waters. These analyses will facilitate the development of diagnostic markers for oil and dispersant exposure in deep‐sea invertebrates and inform future oil spill response efforts.
Sporisorium reilianum possesses a pool of effector proteins that modulate virulence on maize
Authors: Ghareeb Hassan , Zhao Yulei , Schirawski Jan 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe biotrophic maize head smut fungus Sporisorium reilianum is a close relative of the tumour‐inducing maize smut fungus Ustilago maydis with a distinct disease aetiology. Maize infection with S. reilianum occurs at the seedling stage, but spores first form in inflorescences after a long endophytic growth phase. To identify S. reilianum‐specific virulence effectors, we defined two gene sets by genome comparison with U. maydis and with the barley smut fungus Ustilago hordei. We tested virulence function by individual and cluster deletion analysis of 66 genes and by using a sensitive assay for virulence evaluation that considers both disease incidence (number of plants with a particular symptom) and disease severity (number and strength of symptoms displayed on any individual plant). Multiple deletion strains of S. reilianum lacking genes of either of the two sets (sr10057, sr10059, sr10079, sr10703, sr11815, sr14797 and clusters uni5‐1, uni6‐1, A1A2, A1, A2) were affected in virulence on the maize cultivar ‘Gaspe Flint’, but each of the individual gene deletions had only a modest impact on virulence. This indicates that the virulence of S. reilianum is determined by a complex repertoire of different effectors which each contribute incrementally to the aggressiveness of the pathogen.
A comparison of various intragastric balloons for the assessment of gastric motility
Authors: Janssen Pieter , Goelen Nick , Tack Jan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundThere is a clear need for a novel method to readily assess gastric motility in daily clinical practice.MethodsIn a crossover design, 10 noncompliant balloons of different shape and volume (25‐350 mL), attached to a classic feeding tube, were introduced in the stomach of eight healthy volunteers. In the same experiment, a High‐Resolution Manometry (HRM) catheter was positioned throughout the stomach. Gastric motility was recorded during fasting (2 hours) and liquid nutrient administration (30 minutes). Motility was quantified using a peak detection algorithm. Symptoms were recorded throughout the experiment using visual analog scales (100 mm). Results are presented as mean ± SD.Key ResultsThe % time during which motility‐induced pressure increments could be detected with HRM but not by the balloon varied from 42 ± 24% in the smallest (25 mL) balloon to 1 ± 1% in the 330 mL balloon. On the other hand, bloating, discomfort and nausea scores were 0 ± 0, 0 ± 0 and 2 ± 5 mm, respectively, for the smallest balloon (25 mL) while these scores were 28 ± 38, 13 ± 30, and 38 ± 30 mm, respectively, for the largest balloon (350 mL). A phase III contraction pattern was consistently evoked in balloons with a volume >200 mL.ConclusionGastric motility could be assessed more accurately with larger volume balloons, while epigastric symptoms were evoked with increasing balloon volume. The optimal balloon to measure gastric motility has a 5 cm diameter and is 11 cm long (210 mL). A nasogastric balloon catheter can now be developed that enables relatively easy monitoring of gastric motility in patients with epigastric symptoms.
Signaling of free fatty acid receptors 2 and 3 differs in colonic mucosa following selective agonism or coagonism by luminal propionate
Authors: Tough Iain R. , Forbes Sarah , Cox Helen M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPropionate exhibits affinity for free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2, formerly GPR43) and FFA3 (GPR41). These two G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are expressed by enteroendocrine L cells that contain anorectic peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1), while FFA3 is also expressed by enteric neurons. Few studies have investigated the individual roles of FFA2 and FFA3 in propionate's gastrointestinal (GI) effects. Here, we compared FFA2, FFA3, and propionate mucosal responses utilizing selective ligands including an FFA3 antagonist, in mouse and human colonic mucosa.MethodsVectorial ion transport was measured in native colonic preparations from normal mouse and human colon with intact submucosal innervation. Endogenous fecal pellet propulsion was monitored in colons isolated from wild‐type (WT) and PYY−/− mice.Key ResultsFFA2 and FFA3 signaling differed significantly. FFA2 agonism involved endogenous L cell‐derived PYY and was glucose dependent, while FFA3 agonism was independent of PYY and glucose, but required submucosal enteric neurons for activity. Tonic FFA3 activity was observed in mouse and human colon mucosa. Apical propionate responses were a combination of FFA2‐PYY mediation and FFA3 neuronal GLP‐1‐ and CGRP‐dependent signaling in mouse ascending colon mucosa. Propionate also slowed WT and PYY−/− colonic transit, and this effect was blocked by a GLP‐1 receptor antagonist.Conclusions & InferencesWe conclude that luminal propionate costimulates FFA2 and FFA3 pathways, reducing anion secretion and slowing colonic motility; FFA2 via PYY mediation and FFA3 signaling by activation of enteric sensory neurons.
Cancer of the gastroesophageal junction: a diagnosis, classification, and management review
Authors: Chevallay Mickael , Bollschweiler Elfriede , Chandramohan Servarayan M. , Schmidt Thomas , Koch Oliver , Demanzoni Giovanni , Mönig Stefan , Allum William 
Published: August 2018

AbstractManagement of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma is a controversial topic. The rising incidence of this cancer requires a clear consensus to ensure proper management. Application of oncological principles for tumors of the esophagus or stomach is not possible because of comparative differences in the biology of GEJ adenocarcinoma, leading to different therapeutic options. Staging work‐up with endoscopy, endosonography, and PET is essential to inform the choice of neoadjuvant treatment and surgical approach to GEJ adenocarcinoma. Surgery remains the only curative treatment and should be undertaken in specialized centers.
Frost fatigue response to simulated frost drought using a centrifuge in Acer mono Maxim
Authors: Zhang Wen , Jiang Zaimin , Zhao Han , Feng Feng , Cai Jing 
Published: August 2018

In the coldest part of winter, water uptake is blocked by the frozen soil and frozen stems known as ‘frost drought’ causing severe embolisms in woody plants. Frost drought in stems was simulated in a centrifuge by a synergy between freeze–thaw cycles and the different tensions induced by changing the rotation speed. Frost fatigue was defined as a reduction of embolism resistance after a freeze–thaw cycle and determined from ‘vulnerability curves’, which showed percent losses of conductivity vs tension (positive value) or xylem pressure (negative value). Different tensions combined with a controlled freeze–thaw cycle were induced to investigate the effects on frost resistance over the course of year. During the growing season, Acer mono Maxim. developed significant frost fatigue, and a significant positive correlation was found between frost fatigue response and exogenous tension. During the dormant season, A. mono showed very high embolism resistance to frost drought, even under a tension of 2 MPa. When the exogenous tension was increased to 3 MPa while the stem was frozen, significant frost fatigue occurred. Longer freezing times had more serious effects on frost fatigue in A. mono. A hypothesis was raised that at the same low temperature, the severer the drought (higher tension) when stems were frozen, the higher frost fatigue response would be induced.
The complex interactions of Ostreid herpesvirus 1, Vibrio bacteria, environment and host factors in mass mortality outbreaks of Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Alfaro Andrea C. , Nguyen Thao V. , Merien Fabrice 
Published: August 2018

AbstractFrom the first detection in the Eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in 1972, herpes‐like viruses/herpesviruses have been identified in at least 20 bivalve species and have caused massive mortalities in six cultured species of bivalves. Among them, the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is most threatened by massive mortalities associated with detection of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV‐1) and its variants. These mortality events have been reported in more than 12 countries, and OsHV‐1 itself has been reported in 15 countries worldwide. Traditionally, the genotype OsHV‐1 (or OsHV‐1 Var) is the main contributor to bivalve mortalities, but the emergence of variants (e.g. OsHV‐1 μVar and related ones, acute viral necrosis virus—AVNV, OsHV‐1‐SB) is now responsible for new mortality outbreaks in Pacific oysters and other bivalve species. In addition to OsHV‐1, Vibrio bacteria and other abiotic and host factors also significantly contribute to mortality outbreaks. To this end, the current contribution aims to synthesize the body of literature on our current knowledge of these mass mortality events to provide insights into the role of each risk factor and complex interactions in the disease process. Specifically, this review encompasses our current knowledge and critical gaps. Important suggestions for future investigation are also presented.
Oxytetracycline in intensive aquaculture: water quality during and after its administration, environmental fate, toxicity and bacterial resistance
Authors: Leal Joana F. , Santos Eduarda B.H. , Esteves Valdemar I. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOxytetracycline (OTC) is one of the most used antibiotics in aquaculture. This raises concerns due to its effects in human and animal health, the environmental contamination and the consequences arising therefrom. This review focuses on the OTC application in intensive aquaculture. It compiles and complements the dispersed information, presenting a comprehensive study about the OTC effects, from its administration to farmed fish, until its release into the surrounding aquatic systems. Several topics about OTC are presented and discussed: physical–chemical properties, interaction with ions, application to farmed fish, effects in water quality and possible treatments, biological activity and toxicity of OTC by‐products, environmental fate. Based on the information gathered, one concludes that OTC establishes strong complexes with Ca2+ and Mg2+, which may have implications on its biological activity. OTC acts as inhibitor of protein synthesis and is poorly metabolized or unmetabolized by fish. Its common recommended daily dose is about 75 mg kg−1 but depends on the administration conditions and on target fish species. Regarding OTC removal from water within a semiclosed aquaculture's water circuit, ozonation and photodegradation are not completely efficient methods as none of them promotes total mineralization. However, photodegradation can be applied as a complementary method prior to ozonation, allowing to reduce costs. OTC by‐products do not appear to retain its biological activity, but toxicity studies mimicking environmental conditions were not found. In open circuits (cages), water column where OTC is administered not suffer a specific treatment and the antibiotic is easily spread by the surrounding environments, affecting their inhabitants. OTC is released in the aquatic system in freely dissolved form and/or associated with organic or inorganic compounds, being subjected to natural photolysis, hydrolysis and/or biodegradation.