bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sampling strategies for approximating patient variability in population‐based finite element studies of total hip replacement
Authors: O'Rourke Dermot , Bottema Murk , Taylor Mark 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTotal hip replacements must be robust to patient variability for long‐term success in the population. The challenge during the design process is evaluating an implant in a diverse population but the computational cost of simulating a population of subject‐specific finite element (FE) models is not practical. We examined five strategies to generate representative subsets of subjects from a cohort of 103 implanted hip joint FE models to approximate the variability in output metrics. Comparing with the median and distribution of the 95th percentile composite peak micromotion (CPM) and polar gap in the full cohort (CPM median: 136 μm, interquartile range [IQR]: 74‐230 μm) (Polar Gap median: 467 μm, IQR: 434‐548 μm), the Anatomic Sampling strategy (12 subjects) achieved the best balance of computational cost and approximation of the output metrics (CPM median: 169 μm, IQR: 78‐236 μm) (Polar Gap median: 469 μm, IQR: 448‐537 μm). Convex hull sampling (41 subjects) more closely captured the output metrics (CPM median: 99 μm, IQR: 70‐191 μm) (Polar Gap median: 456 μm, IQR: 418‐533 μm) but required over three times the number of subjects. Volume reduction of the convex hull captured the extremes of variability with subsets of 5 to 20 subjects, while the largest minimum‐distance strategy captured the variability toward the middle of the cohort. These strategies can estimate the level of variability in FE model output metrics with a low computational cost when evaluating implants during the design process.
Generating Embryonic Salivary Gland Organoids
Authors: Hosseini Zeinab F. , Nelson Deirdre A. , Moskwa Nicholas , Larsen Melinda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOrganoids are important research tools for studying organ morphogenesis and differentiation because they recapitulate ex vivo the native 3D organization of cells that is essential for proper cell and organ function. The composition of organoids can be manipulated to incorporate specific cell types to facilitate molecular interrogation of cell‐cell interactions during organoid formation. A method for generating organoids derived from both embryonic salivary gland epithelial progenitor cells and mesenchymal support cells is described. Methods for isolating enriched populations of the epithelial cells as clusters and the mesenchyme cells as single cells from mouse embryonic submandibular salivary glands are also provided. Separating the epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations allows for independent molecular manipulation of each cell type. In addition, methods for lentiviral transduction of the mesenchyme cells and quantitative image analysis of organoids are provided. The methods described here are useful for exploring mechanisms driving organ formation. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neutron Scattering Investigations of Hydride Species in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Polo‐Garzon Felipe , Luo Si , Cheng Yongqiang , Page Katharine L. , Ramirez‐Cuesta Anibal J. , Britt Phillip F. , Wu Zili 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn heterogeneous catalysis, hydrides on the surface or in the bulk play a critical role as either active components or reaction intermediates in many hydrogen‐involving reactions, but characterization of the nature and structure of these hydride species remains challenging. Neutron scattering, which is extremely sensitive to light elements, such as hydrogen, has shown great potential in meeting this challenge. In this Minireview, recent advances in neutron studies of hydride species, mainly over the two most typical classes of catalysts—metals and oxides—are surveyed. Findings on catalysts outside these categories are raised if they are considered to be relevant for contextualization in the present Minireview. The adsorption, dissociation, spillover, and reactivity of hydrogen, especially hydride species over supported metal and oxide catalysts, have been successfully investigated, mostly by means of neutron vibrational spectroscopy. Insights from these neutron studies, which are otherwise not possible with other techniques, shed light on the interaction mechanism of hydrogen with solid surfaces and reaction mechanisms in which hydrogen is involved. Future research challenges on neutron scattering studies of hydrides, as well as catalysis in general, are also highlighted, and more operando‐type neutron studies need be conducted to advance the field.
Water budget and run‐off response of a tropical multispecies “reforest” and effects of typhoon disturbance
Authors: Zhang Jun , Bruijnzeel L. Adrian , Tripoli Rogelio , van Meerveld H.J. (Ilja) 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTo examine claims that reforesting degraded Imperata grassland in Leyte (Philippines) made streamflow perennial again, we studied the hydrological behaviour of a 23‐year‐old mixed‐species “reforest” between June 2013 and May 2014. Typhoon Haiyan, one of the strongest events ever, caused major damage to the site in November 2013. Average daily apparent water use (ET) was 5.0 mm day−1 pretyphoon and 3.2 mm day−1 after disturbance. Corresponding ratios of period total quickflow Qq to precipitation were 16% and 44%. Quickflow volume and peak discharge increased rapidly once a threshold value of ~250 mm for soil water storage in the top 60 cm was exceeded. Before disturbance, quickflow consisted predominantly of lateral subsurface flow due to high soil hydraulic conductivities down to 60 cm. After disturbance, shallow groundwater rose regularly to within 10 cm of the surface on foot slopes, and saturation overland flow was observed during several large storms. Comparing estimated annual ET and Qq for undisturbed conditions for the reforest and a nearby degraded Imperata grassland microcatchment suggested that the extra infiltration following reforestation (~240 mm year−1) exceeded the extra ET by the reforest (100–185 mm year−1), implying a net positive trade‐off (55–140 mm year−1) and tentatively confirming local claims of improved dry‐season flow.
ENSO and rainfall seasonality affect nutrient exchange in tropical mountain forests
Authors: Suescún Diego , León Juan Diego , Villegas Juan Camilo , García‐Leoz Vanessa , Correa‐Londoño Guillermo A. , Flórez Claudia P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEcohydrological and biogeochemical processes in tropical montane forests canopies are key in the provision of water‐related ecosystem services. However, the sustainability of these services is threatened by environmental change. Climate change in the tropics is suggested to be characterized by an increase in hydrological extremes, with El Niño Southern Oscillations (ENSO) as the main mechanism of climatic variability. For 2 years, we studied the effects of climate variability on a seasonal scale (represented by two phases of the ENSO) on nutrient exchange between rain and the canopy of two types of forests in the central Andes of Colombia. We monitored weekly precipitation, throughfall, and stemflow, and monthly samples of each were taken for nutrient determination in the laboratory. Our results show that forest canopies generally produced nutrient concentration enrichment in throughfall and stemflow, in both wet and dry seasons, with higher values in the Neutral period than in the El Niño period. The two phases of the ENSO did not significantly affect nutrient fluxes through the canopy. In the long term, with interannual climatic variations (seasonality and ENSO phases), the physical, chemical, and biological processes associated with the dynamics of nutrient exchange between rainwater and the canopy can alter the nutrient cycling in the forest. Our results suggest that changes in meteorological conditions such as the increase and intensification of droughts, and increases in the transformation of natural forests, could affect the capacity to regulate functions of tropical montane forests, threatening the provision of ecosystem services associated with water and soil.
Field-testing polyethylene passive samplers for the detection of neutral polyfluorinated alkyl substances in air and water
Authors: Dixon-Anderson Erik , Lohmann Rainer 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluorooctane-sulfonamidoethanols (FOSEs), perfluorooctane-sulfonamides (FOSAs), and other poly- and perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) are common and ubiquitous byproducts of industrial telomerization processes. They can degrade into various perfluorinated carboxylic acids, which are persistent organic contaminants of concern. We assessed the use of polyethylene (PE) passive samplers as a sampling tool for neutral PFAS precursors during field-deployments in air and water. A wide range of neutral PFASs was detected in polyethylene sheets exposed in wastewater treatment effluents in August 2017. Equilibration times for most neutral PFASs were on the order of 1 to 2 wk. Based on known sampling rates, the partitioning constants between polyethylene and water, KPEw, were derived. Log KPEw values were mostly in the range of 3 to 4.5, with the greatest values for 8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH, and n-ethyl-FOSE. To test the utility of polyethylene for gas-phase compounds, parallel active and passive sampling was performed in ambient air in Providence (RI, USA) in April 2016. Most PFASs equilibrated within 2 to 7 d. The greatest concentrations in polyethylene samplers were detected for MeFOSE and EtFOSE. Polyethylene/air partitioning constants, log KPEa, were approximately 7 to 8 for the FTOHs, and approached 9 for n-methyl-FOSA and n-methyl-FOSE. Polyethylene sheets showed promise as a passive sampling approach for neutral PFASs in air and water. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:3002–3010. © 2018 SETAC
Abstract
Field-testing the uptake of neutral PFASs by passive polyethylene samplers over time.
Low‐Level Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water
Authors: Makavipour Fatemeh , Pashley Richard M. , Rahman A. F. M. Mokhlesur 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe reported ability of cysteine and cystine to bind typical arsenic oxy‐ions in water is used as a basis for a study of the potential for using a surfactant with a cysteine head‐group for selective arsenic binding and removal in an ion flotation process. Several different head‐group attachment methods are studied with cysteine and cystine and with single‐ and double‐chain surfactants. A comparison of the properties of these surfactants with some other surface‐active compounds, with groups like those on cysteine, suggest that few compounds have suitable characteristics for the efficient removal of low levels of arsenic from drinking water. An amino‐acid‐based single‐chain surfactant is synthesized by reacting cysteine with octanoyl chloride to obtain octanoyl cysteine, which is then used in a study of selective ion flotation for the removal of low levels of arsenic from drinking water. This compound has high water solubility and causes extensive foaming in a typical flotation chamber and removed 99.4–99.9% of the 5 mg L−1 arsenic present in the contaminated water in a simple, single‐stage ion flotation process, using either air or nitrogen gas. These laboratory results indicate that these surfactants can be useful in the large‐scale treatment of low‐level arsenic‐contaminated water.
Identification of novel regulatory partners of the glutamate transporter GLT‐1
Authors: Piniella Dolores , Martínez‐Blanco Elena , Ibáñez Ignacio , Bartolomé‐Martín David , Porlan Eva , Díez‐Guerra Javier , Giménez Cecilio , Zafra Francisco 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe used proximity‐dependent biotin identification (BioID) to find proteins that potentially interact with the major glial glutamate transporter, GLT‐1, and we studied how these interactions might affect its activity. GTPase Rac1 was one protein identified, and interfering with its GTP/GDP cycle in mixed primary rat brain cultures affected both the clustering of GLT‐1 at the astrocytic processes and the transport kinetics, increasing its uptake activity at low micromolar glutamate concentrations in a manner that was dependent on the effector kinase PAK1 and the actin cytoskeleton. Interestingly, the same manipulations had a different effect on another glial glutamate transporter, GLAST, inhibiting its activity. Importantly, glutamate acts through metabotropic receptors to stimulate the activity of Rac1 in astrocytes, supporting the existence of cross‐talk between extracellular glutamate and the astrocytic form of the GLT‐1 regulated by Rac1. CDC42EP4/BORG4 (a CDC42 effector) was also identified in the BioID screen, and it is a protein that regulates the assembly of septins and actin fibers, influencing the organization of the cytoskeleton. We found that GLT‐1 interacts with septins, which reduces its lateral mobility at the cell surface. Finally, the G‐protein subunit GNB4 dampens the activity of GLT‐1, as revealed by its response to the activator peptide mSIRK, both in heterologous systems and in primary brain cultures. This effect occurs rapidly and thus, it is unlikely to depend on cytoskeletal dynamics. These novel interactions shed new light on the events controlling GLT‐1 activity, thereby helping us to better understand how glutamate homeostasis is maintained in the brain.
Structure–function multi‐scale connectomics reveals a major role of the fronto‐striato‐thalamic circuit in brain aging
Authors: Bonifazi Paolo , Erramuzpe Asier , Diez Ibai , Gabilondo Iñigo , Boisgontier Matthieu P. , Pauwels Lisa , Stramaglia Sebastiano , Swinnen Stephan P. , Cortes Jesus M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhysiological aging affects brain structure and function impacting morphology, connectivity, and performance. However, whether some brain connectivity metrics might reflect the age of an individual is still unclear. Here, we collected brain images from healthy participants (N = 155) ranging from 10 to 80 years to build functional (resting state) and structural (tractography) connectivity matrices, both data sets combined to obtain different connectivity features. We then calculated the brain connectome age—an age estimator resulting from a multi‐scale methodology applied to the structure–function connectome, and compared it to the chronological age (ChA). Our results were twofold. First, we found that aging widely affects the connectivity of multiple structures, such as anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortices, basal ganglia, thalamus, insula, cingulum, hippocampus, parahippocampus, occipital cortex, fusiform, precuneus, and temporal pole. Second, we found that the connectivity between basal ganglia and thalamus to frontal areas, also known as the fronto‐striato‐thalamic (FST) circuit, makes the major contribution to age estimation. In conclusion, our results highlight the key role played by the FST circuit in the process of healthy aging. Notably, the same methodology can be generally applied to identify the structural–functional connectivity patterns correlating to other biomarkers than ChA.
Gamma oscillations during episodic memory processing provide evidence for functional specialization in the longitudinal axis of the human hippocampus
Authors: Lin Jui‐Jui , Umbach Gray , Rugg Michael D. , Lega Bradley 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe question of whether the anterior and posterior hippocampus serve different or complementary functional roles during episodic memory processing has been motivated by noteworthy findings in rodent experiments and from noninvasive studies in humans. Researchers have synthesized these data to postulate several models of functional specialization, However, the issue has not been explored in detail using direct brain recordings. We recently published evidence that theta power increases during episodic memory encoding occur in the posterior hippocampus in humans. In our current investigation we analyzed an expanded data set of 32 epilepsy patients undergoing stereo EEG seizure mapping surgery with electrodes precisely targeted to the anterior and posterior hippocampus simultaneously who performed an episodic memory task. Using a repeated measures design, we looked for an interaction between encoding versus retrieval differences in gamma oscillatory power and anterior versus posterior hippocampal location. Our findings are consistent with a recently articulated model (the HERNET model) favoring posterior hippocampal activation during retrieval related processing. We also tested for encoding versus retrieval differences in the preferred gamma frequency band (high versus low gamma oscillations) motivated by published rodent data.
CAN ATTACHMENT INFORM DECISION‐MAKING IN CHILD PROTECTION AND FORENSIC SETTINGS?
Authors: Spieker Susan J. , Crittenden Patricia M. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTThe historic publication of the “consensus statement” on not using the “D/disorganized” category in the infant Strange Situation (M. Ainsworth, M. Blehar, E. Waters, & S. Wall, 1978) for case‐specific child protection work (P. Granqvist et al., 2017) opens the door for a broader discussion of different branches of attachment theory and different attachment classificatory systems applied to infants, young children, and their parents. We agree with the consensus authors that Strange Situation classifications alone, regardless of coding method, are insufficient for decision‐making. The authors, however, have acknowledged that the Dynamic‐Maturational Model of Attachment and Adaptation (DMM; Crittenden, 2016) offers a different perspective on classifying Strange Situations. The DMM is a branch of attachment theory that expands the Ainsworth A and C classifications across the life span to reflect the complex attachment strategies that some individuals use in dangerous contexts. We contrast the DMM to the D classification, both for the Strange Situation for infants and its adaptation for young children and also for the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; C. George, N. Kaplan, & M. Main, 1984–1996) for their parents. We initiate a scientific dialogue by addressing three points: (a) “Attachment” does not imply or require a model that includes a D/disorganization category nor is the D/disorganized category the only clinical expansion of Mary Ainsworth's (1978) original work; (b) the DMM method for classifying Strange Situations may be better attuned to parental inadequacy and child protection than is the D/disorganized category; and (c) with attention to guidelines, DMM classifications from the Strange Situation with both infants and preschool‐aged children can be used in a case‐specific manner in both treatment and forensic settings. The same is true for other DMM assessments of attachment, including the AAI. We close by suggesting steps that could further understanding and application of Ainsworth's great accomplishment: individual differences in attachment relationships.
The effect of glucose modification of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on gene delivery
Authors: Komuro Hiroaki , Sasano Tetsuo , Horiuchi Naohiro , Yamashita Kimihiro , Nagai Akiko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSurface modification techniques have been employed for the use of biocompatible and bioresorbable hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles in cell biology and medicine for the delivery of bioactive molecules. We demonstrated the effects of glucose modification of HAp (GlcHAp) on the transfection efficiency in endothelial cells. After preparing homogeneous HAp nanoparticles with a microemulsion technique, the particles with or without glucose modification and plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexes were transfected into endothelial cells. The transfection efficiency of GlcHAp/pDNA was higher than that of HAp/pDNA. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the improvement in the transfection efficiency following glucose modification, the uptake route into the cells and the inhibition of DNA degradation were investigated. GlcHAp/pDNA enhanced the transfection efficiency after interacting with the glucose transporter 1, as observed by the selective inhibitor assay. In addition, GlcHAp/pDNA was more stable than HAp/pDNA in the DNA degradation assay. Our results suggest that the glucose modification could promote the uptake of HAp nanoparticles by cells and protect the internalized DNA; properties essential for non‐viral transfection carriers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 61–66, 2019.
Biomimetic sponges for regeneration of skeletal muscle following trauma
Authors: Haas Gabriel J. , Dunn Andrew J. , Marcinczyk Madison , Talovic Muhamed , Schwartz Mark , Scheidt Robert , Patel Anjali D. , Hixon Katherine R. , Elmashhady Hady , McBride‐Gagyi Sarah H. , Sell Scott A. , Garg Koyal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSkeletal muscle is inept in regenerating after traumatic injuries due to significant loss of basal lamina and the resident satellite cells. To improve regeneration of skeletal muscle, we have developed biomimetic sponges composed of collagen, gelatin, and laminin (LM)‐111 that were crosslinked with 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC). Collagen and LM‐111 are crucial components of the muscle extracellular matrix and were chosen to impart bioactivity whereas gelatin and EDC were used to provide mechanical strength to the scaffold. Morphological and mechanical evaluation of the sponges showed porous structure, water‐retention capacity and a compressive modulus of 590–808 kPa. The biomimetic sponges supported the infiltration and viability of C2C12 myoblasts over 5 days of culture. The myoblasts produced higher levels of myokines such as VEGF, IL‐6, and IGF‐1 and showed higher expression of myogenic markers such as MyoD and myogenin on the biomimetic sponges. Biomimetic sponges implanted in a mouse model of volumetric muscle loss (VML) supported satellite, endothelial, and inflammatory cell infiltration but resulted in limited myofiber regeneration at 2 weeks post‐injury. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 92–103, 2019.