bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading Fatwas of MUI a Perspective of Maslahah Concept
Authors: Rosyid Maskur 
Published: August 2019

Abstrak: Kemaslahatan dan kebaikan manusia merupakan tujuan pokok setiap bentuk peratuan, termasuk fatwa-fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). Salah satubidang fatwa yang diterbitkan MUI adalahhukumkeluarga. Fokusutamatulisaniniadalahmembacaulang dan menganalisa fatwa-fatwa MUI dalambidanghukumkeluargadenganperspektifkonsepmaslahatmayoritas fuqaha yang juga telahditerbitkandalam Fatwa MUI tentangKriteriaMaslahatNomor: 6/MUNAS VII/MUI/10/2005. Fatwa-fatwa tersebut, dilihatmenggunakanparadigmakonsepmaslahat, adakalanya masuk dalam kategori maṣlaḥahmu‘tabarah, maṣlaḥahmursalah, dan adaindikasibeberapa fatwa yang masuk kedalam kategori maṣlaḥah mulghah. Adapun fatwa MUI dalam bidang hukum keluarga yang dimaksud dalam tulisan ini yaitu fatwa tentang Aborsi, tentang Perkawinan Beda Agama, tentang Kewarisan Beda Agama, tentang Perkawinan Di BawahTangan (sirri, tidak dicatatkan), dan tentang Nikah Wisata.Kata kunci: Maṣlaḥah, GradasiMaṣlaḥah, MUI, HukumKeluargaAbstract: Human benefit and goodness are the main objectives of every form of regulation, including the fatwas of the Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI). One of the fatwa fields issued by MUI is family law. The main focus of this paper is to reread and analyze the fatwas of the MUI in the field of family law with the perspective of the concept of majority fuqaha masses which have also been published in the MUI Fatwa concerning the Maslahat No. 6 / MUNAS VII / MUI / 10/2005. These fatwas, are seen using the concept of maslahat, sometimes include to the category of maṣlaḥahmu‘tabarah, maṣlaḥahmursalah, and there are indications of several fatwas that include to the category of maṣlaḥahmulghah. The fatwas of the MUI in the field of family law referred to in this article is a fatwa on Abortion, concerning Differential Marriage, about Different Religions, About Marriage Under the Hand (sirri, not recorded), and about Tourism Marriage.Keywords: Maṣlaḥah, Gradation of Maṣlaḥah, MUI, Family Law
A dança dos números: as contas da Previdência e da Seguridade Social depois da Auditoria do TCU de 2017
Authors: Strapazzon Carlos Luiz 
Published: August 2019

Este trabalho estuda o Relatório de Auditoria realizada pelo Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) nas contas da Seguridade Social do Brasil. Em 26 de junho de 2017 o Tribunal de Contas da União publicou o Acórdão nº 1295/2017 (TC 001.040/2017-0). O objetivo do levantamento foi apurar informações sobre as contas, a forma de gestão e, particularmente, sobre a existência (ou não) de déficit da Previdência administrada pela União Federal. A Auditoria tomou em consideração as contas de 10 anos, alcançando o período que vai de 2007 a 2016. Todos os chamados “regimes previdenciários” administrados pela União Federal e que integram o conceito de Seguridade Social no Brasil foram auditados. Este estudo oferece uma análise descritiva e também crítica dos resultados apontados no documento do TCU. Os resultados do trabalho do TCU são extremamente importantes, quer para a pesquisa acadêmica, quer para a tomada de decisões políticas. Qualificam o debate público sobre a existência, ou não, de desequilíbrios financeiros e sobre o tipo de déficits existentes. Mais que isso, revelam distorções, imprecisões, erros, negligências, desigualdades, inconsistências que, afinal, enriquecem o diagnóstico desse tema intrigante. Depois do Relatório do TCU a reforma da Previdência não pode ser reduzida a uma discussão simplista sobre déficit, tempo de contribuição e longevidade dos brasileiros.Palavras-chave: Reforma da Previdência. Seguridade Social. Segurança Social. Seguro Social. Contas Públicas.
Prostituição, estigma e marginalização: o reconhecimento do vínculo de emprego das profissionais do sexo
Authors: Abal Felipe Cittolin , Schroeder Pâmela dos Santos 
Published: August 2019

Resumo: O presente artigo é voltado ao estudo da necessidade de reconhecimento da relação empregatícia existente entre as profissionais do sexo e os estabelecimentos em que laboram, utilizando-se de uma visão jurídica e sociológica. O entendimento jurisprudencial trabalhista majoritário se volta no sentido do não reconhecimento dessa relação de emprego em virtude da ilicitude do objeto do contrato de emprego, retirando das trabalhadoras dessa categoria a proteção trabalhista e os direitos trabalhistas a que fariam jus. A prostituição como profissão existe desde as primeiras civilizações, subsistindo hodiernamente como uma atividade presente na grande maioria das cidades brasileiras. Apesar disso, as prostitutas sofrem com um processo de estigmatização que as remete à margem da sociedade, fato que é legitimado pelo não reconhecimento de sua condição de trabalhadores como os demais. As profissionais do sexo, conforme entrevistas realizadas, vêem a prostituição como uma profissão idêntica às demais, apesar de sofrerem preconceito por parte da sociedade em virtude de sua atividade. Cabe ao judiciário trabalhista reconhecer a profissão das profissionais do sexo e conferir a elas a mesma proteção dada aos demais trabalhadores como forma de efetivar seu papel de conferir aos obreiros seus direitos constitucionalmente assegurados e concretizar o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana.Palavras-chave: Dignidade da pessoa humana. Justiça do Trabalho. Profissional do sexo. Relação de emprego. Abstract: This article is intended to study the need for recognition of employment relationship among sex workers and the establishments where they work, using a legal and sociological view. The major jurisprudential understanding turns towards non-recognition of this employment relationship due to the illegality of the object of the employment, removing the workers of this category from the labor protection and labor rights to which they would be entitled. Prostitution as a profession has existed since the earliest civilizations, existing in our times as an activity present in most Brazilian cities. Nevertheless, prostitutes suffer from a process of stigmatization that refers them to the margins of society, a fact that is legitimized by the non-recognition of their status as workers as the others. Sex workers, according to the interviews accomplished, see prostitution as a profession similar to the others, despite suffering prejudice from society due to their activity. It is necessary that the labor courts recognize the profession of sex workers and give them the same protection given to other workers as a way to accomplish their role of giving the workers their constitutionally guaranteed rights and implement the principle of human dignity.Keywords: Employment relationship. Labor justice. Principle of human dignity. Sex workers.
The Relation Between Urban Morphology and Physical Environmental Qualities: Comparing Walkability in Neighborhoods via Analyses of Spatial Statistics and Indices of Graph Theory and Space Syntax
Authors: Cubukcu Ebru , Mensı Bochra , Horoz Cigdem 
Published: August 2019

This
study aims to compare morphological structure and physical environmental
qualities in different neighbourhoods of a small town and investigate whether
physical environmental qualities vary by urban morphology. Four neighborhoods
were selected in small town Foca, Izmir, Turkey : (A) residential area
next to the city center / new development area, (B) residential area at the
periophery / new development area, (C) a mixed use area / historical city
center, (D) residential area next to the seashore / new development area.
First, the spatial statistical analyses were run and indices of Graph Theory
and Space Syntax were calculated for each zone to define the morphological
characteristics, (the street network characteristics and the dominant urban
landuse). Then, the physical environmental qualities that relate to walkability:
(1) Proportion of buildings that pedestrians escape, (2) Proportion of parcels
that pedestrians escape, (3) Proportion of pop of cafes on the street, and (4)
proportion of green areas were measured by spatial statistical analyses.
Finally, the relation between morphological characteristics and physical
qualities was investigated. The results provide partial support to the main
hypothesis (physical environmental quality differs by environmental
morphological characteristics). More research are on call to expand the
findings for different size of cities.
Assessing long term trends of air pollutants and associated health risks imposed on residents in Bolu (Turkey) during winter
Authors: Öztürk Fatma , Keleş Özgül Melek 
Published: August 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to
evaluate the long term and seasonal variation of PM10 and SO2 in the the Bolu
city center between 2006 and 2017 in relation to meteorological parameters and
to evaluate the health risks due to metals bound to particulate matter (PM)
during the winter season. Method: The Seasonal Kendall (SK) test was
performed on the air quality data to find the magnitude of associated trends.
In addition, seasonality of these pollutants was evaluated in conjunction with
the meteorological parameters. Furthermore, daily PM samples in two different
size fractions were collected between December 2014 and February 2015 and
analyzed for metals by WDXRF. The generated metal concentrations were used to
estimate carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks imposed on the
residents of the city. Results: The SK test revealed statistically
significant decline in SO2 and PM10 with a rate of 1.953 and 2.932 µg/m3/year,
respectively, at 5% significance level. Both of the parameters depicted very
clear seasonal cycles. Performed exposure risk assessment indicated that dermal
contact with PM bound metals was the main route of exposure for children, while
the adults were more prone to non-carcinogenic risks from exposure through
inhalation. Conclusion: Overall,
children were found to be more susceptible to non-carcinogenic risks as
compared to adults. The cancer risks due to As and Pb were within the
acceptable limits (&lt; 1×10-4).
Failure of High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Non-invasive Ventilation Can Be Associated with Increased Risk of Mortality and Morbidity in Critically Ill Children
Authors: AYGUN Fatih , DURAK CANSU , VAROL Fatih , KACAR Alper , AYGUN Emre , IRDEM Ahmet , ÇOKUĞRAŞ Haluk , CAMCIOĞLU YILDIZ , CAM Halit 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: This retrospective study aimed to describe the efficacy, complications, and outcome of non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) in critically ill children. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) has achieved a significant breakthrough success in treating acute respiratory failure. NIV failure drastically increases the risk of mortality and morbidity. Many factors have been associated with the success of NIV.
Methods. We performed a multicenter retrospective study using the demographic, prognostic, and laboratory findings of children (<18 years old) who were admitted in two pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). We compared clinical and laboratory variables in both successful and failed NIV groups.
Results. Between January 2014 and April 2019, 1101 children were admitted to two PICU wards, of which, 403 were eligible for this study. In total, 138 (34.2%) patients received high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), 138 (34.2%) patients received NIV-pressure control and 127 (31.6%) received NIV-pressure support (PSV). Patient mortality was 3.2% (13 patients) and the success rate of our study was 83.4%. Majority of our patients were provided NIV on admission (62.8%). Patients with successful NIV required fewer inotropic drugs, had shorter PICU stay duration, and a lower mortality rate during the follow up. The failure group presented a greater frequency of NIV-PSV and NIV-PCV use, along with higher NIV-associated complications. Logistic regression analysis revealed that NIV and HFNC failure increased PICU mortality by 19 times.
Conclusions. HFNC and NIV are support modalities for respiratory distress in the PICU and were associated with a significant decrease in the PICU intubation rate.
How can we support best practice? A situational assessment of injury prevention practice in public health.
Authors: Richmond Sarah A. , Carsley Sarah , Prowse Rachel , Manson Heather , Moloughney Brent 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background : To effectively impact the significant population burden of injury, we completed a situational assessment of injury prevention practice within a provincial public health system to identify system-wide priorities for capacity-building to advance injury prevention in public health.

Methods : Data was collected through semi-structured interviews (n=20) and focus groups (n=19). Participants included a cross-section of injury prevention practitioners and leadership from public health units reflecting different population sizes and geographic characteristics, in addition to public health researchers and experts from academia, public health and not-for-profit organizations. Thematic analysis was used to code all of the data by one reviewer, followed by a second independent reviewer who coded a random selection of interview notes. Major codes and sub codes were identified and final themes were decided through iterations of coding comparisons and categorization. Once data were analysed, we confirmed the findings with the field, in addition to participating in a prioritization exercise to surface the top three needs for support.

Results : Major themes that emerged from the data included: current public health practice challenges; capacity and resource constraints, and; injury as a low priority area. Overall, injury prevention is a broad, complex topic that competes with other areas of public health. Best practices are challenged by system-wide factors related to resources, direction, coordination, collaboration, and emerging injury public health issues. Injury is a reportedly under prioritized and under resourced public health area of practice. Practitioners believe that increasing access to data and evidence, and improving collaboration and networking is required to promote best practice.

Conclusions : The results of this study suggest that there are several system level needs to support best practice in public health injury prevention in Ontario including reducing research to practice gaps and supporting opportunities for collaboration. Our research contributes to the literature of the complexity of public health practice, and presents several mechanisms of support to increase capacity at a system level to improve injury prevention practice, and eventually lessen the population burden of injury.
The prevalence of Legionella pneumophila in different water systems: A global systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fakhri Yadolah , Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Asadi Anvar , Avazpour Moayed , Alinejad Abdolazim , Gholami Zeinab , Khaneghah Amin Mousavi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The presence of Legionella pneumophila (LP) in aquatic habitat is a global concern. The current study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of LP in water systems with the aid of a systematic review and meta-analysis. The searching was performed among some international databases, including Scopus, PubMed, and Embase to retrieve the related articles between 1/January/1983 and 25/July/ 2017. Therefore, thirty-six articles (with 43 studies) out of 1,541 articles collected, were included in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of LP in water systems was determined as 20% (95%CI: 15-25). Also, the lowest and highest pooled prevalence of LP was observed in Poland (4% (95%CI: 0-13%)) and Kuwait (98% (95%CI: 90-100%)), respectively. The lowest and highest prevalence of LP-based on water resources subgroups was a water reservoir (15% (95%CI: 2-37%) and well (40% (95%CI: 26-50%), respectively. The number of studies that used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of LP was 16/43 (37.3%) while the culture method was 27/43 (62.7%). Generally speaking, the relatively high prevalence of LP among the investigated water systems was demonstrated, which should be reduced by performing appropriate control actions.
Features and impact of trust-based relationships between community health workers and low-income pregnant women with chronic health conditions: A focus group study
Authors: Boyd Lisa M. , Mehra Renee , Thomas Jordan , Lewis Jessica , Cunningham Shayna 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background Pregnancy can be a particularly stressful time for women with underlying chronic conditions. Chronic health conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes are associated with obstetric morbidity and mortality and poor birth outcomes, and are becoming more prevalent among pregnant women in the United States. In light of the American Public Health Association’s call to increase the reach of community health worker (CHW) interventions, the aim of this paper is to better understand how to effectively support women with chronic disease during pregnancy by examining the impact of CHW support from the perspective of pregnant women.Methods Clients and CHWs were recruited from three community-based organizations in the eastern United States running Merck for Mothers-funded interventions to support pregnant women in urban settings. Nine focus groups and eight interviews were conducted with 40 low-income clients with chronic conditions and 18 CHWs and program staff. Focus group and interview data were analyzed using grounded theory-informed thematic analysis.Results Clients reported that CHWs contributed to their well-being during pregnancy in numerous ways and credited CHWs with improvements in mental health and health behaviors. Services like providing guidance around nutrition appeared to play a role in improving client management of chronic disease. CHWs’ ability to build trust-based relationships through emotional attendance, authenticity, and prioritization of clients’ needs facilitated the stress reduction and salubrious behavioral change reported by clients.Conclusions CHWs provide care for the whole woman during pregnancy, an approach that is unique within healthcare and confers multiple benefits. CHW intervention is particularly valuable for women facing challenges such as chronic disease and limited access to resources. Additional municipal, state, and federal resources should be devoted to expanding programs that provide vulnerable mothers with comprehensive care.
Effectiveness of D-dimer test for detecting deep venous thrombosis in pregnant women with threatened premature delivery and abortion
Authors: Kawauchi Haruka , Miyamoto Morikazu , Sakamoto Takahiro , Nakatsuka Masaya , Matsuura Hiroko , Soyama Hiroaki , Ishibashi Hiroki , Iwahashi Hideki , Yoshida Masashi , Takasaki Kazuki , Sasa Hidenori , Takano Masashi 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in pregnant women often developed pulmonary thrombosis, which could lead to death if detection and treatment are delayed. Thus, early detection and treatment of detect DVT in pregnant women should be performed. The aim of our study was to investigate the normal range of D-dimer levels and identify the cutoff value of D-dimer to detect DVT in pregnant women with threatened premature delivery and abortion.Methods

All singleton pregnant women hospitalized for longer than 4 days due to threatened premature delivery and abortion were identified. D-dimer levels were measured at least once per week from hospitalization to delivery. We classified pregnant women into DVT or non-DVT group.Results

In our study, 335 pregnant women were included. A total of 3722 blood samples were obtained. There were 6 women in the DVT group and 329 in the non-DVT group. There were more women complicated with thrombophilia in the DVT group (p<0.01). The means and standard deviations of D-dimer levels in the non-DVT group were 1.75±0.19 μg/mL before 28 weeks, 2.75±0.1 μg/mL from 28 to 35 weeks, and 3.22±0.21 μg/mL after 35 weeks. When the cutoff value of the D-dimer to detect DVT was set at 4.8 μg/mL, the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 85.86%, respectively.Conclusion

D-dimer levels of pregnant women with threatened premature delivery and abortion gradually increased as gestational age progressed. The appropriate D-dimer cut-off levels might be useful in the detection of DVT.
An Interactive Mobile Phone App (SMART 5-A-DAY) for Increasing Knowledge of and Adherence to Fruit and Vegetable Recommendations: Development and Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Appleton Katherine Marie , Passmore David , Burn Isobel , Pidgeon Hanna , Nation Philippa , Boobyer Charlotte , Jiang Nan 
Published: August 2019

Background
Fruit and vegetable consumption is important for health, but many individuals fail to consume adequate amounts for health benefits. Although many individuals are aware of current fruit and vegetable consumption recommendations, research suggests that adherence to these is hampered by low knowledge of the details of these recommendations.

Objective
This paper reports the development and details of a pilot randomized controlled test of a novel interactive mobile phone app for addressing low knowledge of the UK 5-a-day fruit and vegetable recommendations.

Methods
Requirements for the app were first defined by researchers and potential end users and prioritized using the MoSCoW (Must have, Should have, Could have, Won’t have) method. Second, a prototype mobile phone app was developed using an agile approach. Third, the prototype app was tested in a randomized controlled pilot trial for impacts on knowledge and intake of fruit and vegetables. Volunteers were randomized to either receive (n=50) or not receive the app (n=44) for 2 or 4 weeks, and fruit and vegetable knowledge, intake, and behavior were assessed at the beginning of the study and after 1 and 2 weeks or after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. App usage and qualitative feedback were also investigated. All findings then informed the development of a final app.

Results
Low knowledge of consumption recommendations centered around portion sizes and the need for variety, and an interactive mobile phone app was considered a suitable tool for improving this knowledge in a practical manner that would be available both at time of consumption and outside of these times. The pilot test revealed improved behavior after 2 weeks compared with baseline in volunteers who received the app, but improvements in knowledge on fruit and vegetable recommendations were found in both groups, and no improvements in fruit and vegetable intakes were found in formal measures. Patterns of app usage and qualitative feedback also suggested a number of modifications. The resultant final app incorporates several behavior change techniques (goal-setting, self-monitoring, and personalized feedback) as well as aiming to improve knowledge.

Conclusions
A novel interactive mobile phone app was successfully developed based on requirements, and when tested in a pilot randomized controlled trial, this app was found to have some impacts on fruit and vegetable outcomes. Although benefits from the app were small, impacts will likely increase as a result of recent modifications. The final SMART 5-A-DAY app is available in the Google Play Store and now needs testing in the target population.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02779491; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02779491