bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bespoke STOMP training for learning disability teams—Does it work?
Authors: Nancarrow Thomas , Rencher Joshua , Wilcock Mike , Bonell Simon , Wolke Tony , Shankar Rohit 
Published: May 2019

Accessible summary

There is significant concern about medication being given to people with intellectual disability (ID) inappropriately particularly to manage their behaviours which needs to stop.

This needs people who work and support people with ID with their distress to be aware of the national concerns and guidance.

We checked whether NHS staff who work with people with ID , that is the ID service, are aware of the latest guidance and whether training them will help improve their knowledge.

We found that there were differences in knowledge in some groups such as nurses and psychologists compared to others and training can make a positive change. This is important as training can possibly deliver better care to people with ID .

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) is associated with polypharmacy particularly off‐label psychotropics for “challenging behaviour.” NHS England introduced the “stopping over medication of people with a learning disability (LD), autism or both” (STOMP) initiative. As ID services are a professionally diverse group, it is important to know whether teams have suitable knowledge to deliver STOMP. The impact of delivering bespoke STOMP training was evaluated.MethodsA 21‐item multiple‐choice questionnaire was distributed to three specialist ID teams in the south‐west of England. Current best practice and national guidance knowledge on psychotropic medication use in ID were assessed. One team received bespoke training covering the content of the questionnaire prior to completion.ResultsSurvey participation was 44% (21/48) by the trained team, 34% (15/44) and 70% (7/10) in the untrained teams. The trained team participants scored over 80% on 19/21 questions compared to 15/21 and 16/21 in the untrained teams. Subspeciality analysis of pooled data (n = 43) showed nursing scored more than 80% on 16/21 questions, psychology 15/21 and allied health professionals (AHPs) 19/21. Nursing and psychology both reported STOMP to be a priority. Majority responded “yes” to potentially being involved in STOMP.ConclusionsBetter STOMP knowledge and understanding of best practice and guidelines are associated with training. Nursing and psychology are essential to STOMP delivery but scored lower than AHPs. We recommend semi‐structured STOMP training developed locally with national underpinnings for all specialist ID teams, particularly focussed on front‐line staff directly involved in the management of challenging behaviour.
Synthesis and anti‐inflammatory activity of diversified heterocyclic systems
Authors: Bari Ahmed , Grenier Daniel , Azelmat Jabrane , Syed Saeed Ali , Al‐Obaid Abdulrahman M. , Hosten Eric C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn continuation with our research program on the development of novel bioactive molecules, we report herein the design and synthesis of a series of diversified heterocycles (4–22). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory activity. The chemical structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been confirmed by NMR, FTIR, and microanalysis.
Taming Foreign Exchange Derivatives Markets? Speculative Finance and Class Relations in Brazil
Authors: Alami Ilias 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTThis article provides a critical interrogation of the Brazilian tax on foreign exchange derivatives deployed between 2011 and 2013. It analyses the drivers of the policy‐making process that led to implementation of the measure, locates it within the broader policy response regarding the management of cross‐border capital flows and speculative finance, and assesses its political economy significance in light of class dynamics. The author makes three arguments. First, this innovative policy tool must be interpreted in terms of the emergence of a specific form of state power allowing for the continuation of finance‐led strategies of accumulation, while mitigating some of their worst consequences. Second, this form of state power internalizes the subordinate positionality of Brazil in the global financial and monetary system. Third, while financialization processes have eroded the efficiency of a number of policy tools, this policy experiment demonstrates the possibility of regulating complex financial markets, provided that appropriate resources are dedicated to the task, and that there is the political will to do so. The article concludes by discussing theoretical implications, for how to theorize state and financialization, as well as political implications.
Preliminary study of sintering zero‐rupture Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated (FCM) fuel
Authors: Ang Caen , Singh Gyanender , Snead Lance , Katoh Yutai 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe demonstration of industrially feasible zero‐rupture Fully Ceramic Microencapsulated (FCM) fuels has been achieved via layers of fuel particles vertically stacked and consolidated by Pulsed Electric Current Sintering. Uniaxial shrinkage, a key component of fuel arrangement, was analyzed via SEM, XRD and computational analyses, using cylindrical geometries from 0.25 to 1.5 “height‐to‐diameter” (h/d) aspect ratio. Bulk densities of ~3.1 g/cc were achieved on pellets at h/d ~0.25, using a ramp rate of 100°C per min to 1825°C and holding for 10 minutes with 10 MPa applied pressure. Using the same parameters, this value reduced to ~2.8 g/cc at h/d ~1.5. More extensive percolation of oxide sintering additives and earlier closure of interconnected pores in extreme ends of the pellet was attributed to higher temperatures in those regions. The top and bottom of the pellet densify before the center, also resulting reduced displacement between the fuel layers in these regions. Parametric studies of sintering with different temperature and time, with support of computational analyses, was used to map expected temperature distribution and sintering behavior. These tools will be used for further optimization of FCM fuel fabrication.
Effect of Pr on the electrical and chemical properties of cerium oxide prepared by combustion method
Authors: Cruz‐Pacheco Andrés F. , Gómez Cuaspud Jairo A. , Parra Vargas Carlos A. , Carda Castello Juan B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNanoparticles of Ce1−xPrxO2 (X: 0.6 and 0.8), were synthesized by the combustion method using citric acid as chelating and fuel agent. The X‐ray diffraction patterns and Rietveld refinements confirm that samples shown as a single phase in a cubic fluorite structure, with an increase in the lattice parameter as a function of Pr concentration. The crystallite size domains obtained by the Scherrer formula, confirm values around 10 and 37 nm. The scanning electron microscopy images, show that the solids are composed of dense heterogeneous aggregates. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, reveals that oxides are composed of cerium and praseodymium cations in oxidation states 4+ and 3+ respectively. The TPR‐H2 profiles indicate that cerium and praseodymium cations present in the obtained systems are completely reduced to Ce3+ and Pr3+ at temperatures above 790°C. The impedance spectroscopy data at room temperature showed that the conduction processes for the two systems take place at the grain boundaries. The Ce0.2Pr0.8O2 system offer lower resistance, due to the high amount of Pr3+ ions inserted in the structure and the high amount of oxygen vacancies formed in the synthesis process.
Weight‐based teasing is associated with gain in BMI and fat mass among children and adolescents at‐risk for obesity: A longitudinal study
Authors: Schvey Natasha A. , Marwitz Shannon E. , Mi Sarah J. , Galescu Ovidiu A. , Broadney Miranda M. , Young‐Hyman Deborah , Brady Sheila M. , Reynolds James C. , Tanofsky‐Kraff Marian , Yanovski Susan Z. , Yanovski Jack A. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundYouths with overweight and obesity report frequent instances of weight‐based teasing. However, little is known about the prospective associations between weight‐based teasing and changes in body composition among youth.ObjectiveTo assess associations between weight‐based teasing and changes in body mass index (BMI) and fat mass in a longitudinal study of youths with, or at‐risk for, overweight and obesity.MethodsOne hundred ten youths with, or at‐risk for, overweight participated in a longitudinal observational study. The Perception of Teasing Scale was administered at baseline. Height, weight, and body composition were obtained at baseline and at follow‐ups (range: 1‐15 years).ResultsMean age at baseline was 11.8 years; 53% had overweight/obesity; 36% were non‐Hispanic Black; 55% were female; mean follow‐up from baseline: 8.5 years. Adjusting for covariates and repeated measures of BMI or fat mass, linear mixed models revealed that weight‐based teasing was associated with greater gain of BMI and fat mass across the follow‐up period (ps ≤ .007). Adjusting for covariates, youths reporting high weight‐based teasing (two standard deviations above the mean) experienced a 33% greater gain in BMI (an additional 0.20 kg/m2) and a 91% greater gain in fat mass (an additional 0.65 kg) per year compared with peers who reported no weight‐based teasing.ConclusionsAmong youths with, and at‐risk for, overweight and obesity, weight‐based teasing was associated with greater weight and fat gain.
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome/hypersensitive bladder: Worldwide confusion! What has gone wrong and how can we put it right for the sake of the patients?
Authors: Meijlink Jane 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe international interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome and hypersensitive bladder world is facing major problems. While healthcare is ultimately about making sick people feel better, this is still not happening for our patients who are not receiving the individually tailored treatment that they need. So, what has gone wrong, and why is there so much confusion everywhere? Since the first NIDDK research criteria were published over 30 years ago, there has been no major breakthrough either in treating the patients or even in truly understanding what bladder condition(s) we are dealing with. For the sake of the patients, it is imperative to take action now and make a fresh, determined start with meaningful, international, multi‐stakeholder collaboration to determine how to proceed further to take the necessary decisions, solve the problems and achieve real global consensus and real progress to help the real patients with their real symptoms.
Low bladder capacity is an important predictor for comorbidity of interstitial cystitis with Hunner's lesion in patients with refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Authors: Ueda Masakatsu , Sengiku Atsushi , Kono Jin , Negoro Hiromitsu , Saito Ryoichi , Yoshimura Naoki , Ogawa Osamu , Ueda Tomohiro 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the predictive factors for comorbidity of Hunner‐type interstitial cystitis in patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome using urethrocystoscopy.MethodsThirty‐two male patients were included in this study. Between April 2012 and April 2016; they were diagnosed with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome according to the National Institutes of Health classification. Their symptoms were not improved by 3 months of behavioral and pharmacological therapies. They all underwent narrow band imaging‐assisted urethrocystoscopy to assess whether the presence of Hunner's lesions correlated with other variables.ResultsThirteen out of 32 patients (41%) had Hunner's lesions. Of the variables, maximal voided volume per micturition (106 ± 29 mL vs 171 ± 61 mL) and bladder capacity (267 ± 121 mL vs 407 ± 137 mL) were significantly smaller in patients with Hunner's lesions compared to those without. Other variables, apart from age, were not significantly different. Furthermore, patients with voided volume less than 150 mL were more likely to have Hunner's lesions than those with voided volume exceeding 150 mL.ConclusionsHunner‐type interstitial cystitis is a common comorbidity among patients with refractory chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. In cases where voided volume is small, performing narrow band imaging‐assisted urethrocystoscopy would be very helpful for detecting bladder mucosal changes such as Hunner's lesions.
Pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis
Authors: Birder Lori A 
Published: May 2019

AbstractInterstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a chronic pain syndrome whose causes remains elusive with no generally accepted treatment. A hallmark of functional pain syndromes such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is pain in the absence of demonstrable pathology of the viscera or associated nerves. Patients with chronic pain experience a greater impairment in quality of life than healthy controls. In addition, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome symptoms can frequently overlap with other conditions including irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, anxiety disorders, and a number of other syndromes not directly related to the urinary bladder. Because of the complex pathophysiology, a number of animal models have been studied over the years to better understand mechanisms underlying patient symptoms. These models can include: bladder centric, complex mechanisms and psychological and physical stress models. Such animal models can aid in the investigation of aspects of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome that cannot be pursued in humans as well as to develop and test potential therapies. In addition, the search for urinary factors that may be a cause of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome has resulted in the discovery of a number of potential targets that could serve as predictive biomarkers which can aid in early diagnosis and treatment of this chronic disorder.
Evaluating people's ability to assess treatment claims: Validating a test in Mandarin from Claim Evaluation Tools database
Authors: Wang Qi , Austvoll‐Dahlgren Astrid , Zhang Jingyi , Yu Yang , Zhou Qi , Yang Nan , Liu Lian , Chen Yaolong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the psychometric testing using Rasch analysis of a test in Mandarin developed from the Claim Evaluation Tools database.MethodsWe translated selected MCQs from the IHC Claim Evaluation Tools database to Mandarin and created a test including 24 MCQs covering 11 key concepts. We used purposeful sampling and surveyed children and adults in the Lanzhou area. In total 389 responses were entered into the analysis. We evaluated the psychometric properties of the test using Rasch analysis and the RUMM2030 software, testing for internal construct validity (multidimensionality), invariance of the items (item‐person interaction), and item bias (differential item functioning).ResultsOverall, the psychometric properties of the test were found to be satisfactory. Based on findings from the Rasch analysis, we deleted three MCQs with suboptimal fit.ConclusionsThe resulting test includes 21 MCQs and can be used in school and other teaching settings, in randomized trials evaluating outcomes of educational interventions, or in cross‐sectional studies in Mandarin‐speaking populations in China.
Capacity building for knowledge translation: A survey about the characteristics and motivation of volunteer translators of Cochrane plain language summaries
Authors: Behmen Dalibora , Marušić Ana , Puljak Livia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCochrane systematic reviews have plain language summaries (PLSs) that are translated into multiple languages, mostly by volunteers. We aimed to survey volunteer translators to find out their characteristics, motivation, and suggestions to further improve this translation project.MethodsWe surveyed 176 registered volunteer translators from the Cochrane Croatia PLS translation project. A 28‐item survey, created for the purpose of this study, was administered via SurveyMonkey in November‐December 2017. Translators received an invitation to the survey and two follow‐up reminders via e‐mail. Primary and secondary outcomes were the characteristics and motivation of volunteers.ResultsWe received 106 responses (60% response rate) to the survey. The translators were on average (standard deviation) 32 ± 10 years old, they were mostly women (74%), and most of them were medical doctors (29%) or pharmacists (13%). The majority found out about the translation project from acquaintances and colleagues. Most of them indicated that they have still had high motivation for the project, but for the majority, the number of translations decreased over time. When asked what could motivate them to translate more Cochrane PLSs, or to start translating if they did not translate anything yet, the most common answers were: feedback about translation quality, reminders, a workshop for translators and Facebook group for translators.ConclusionCochrane volunteer PLS translators are a motivated and highly educated group, but their translation output is decreasing with time. Reminders, feedback and education are interventions that should be tested to increase volunteer engagement in such initiatives.
Night‐time eating and body weight status among US adults, 2007–2016
Authors: An R. , Shi Y. , Clarke C. , Zhang S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe present study assessed the relationship between night‐time eating and body weight status among US adults, using in‐person 24‐h dietary recall data from a nationally representative survey.MethodsIndividual‐level data (n = 23 003) came from the 2007–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (five waves). Multivariate linear and logistic regressions were performed to estimate the effect of energy, sugar, fat and saturated fat intake during night‐time on body mass index (BMI), obesity (BMI ≥30 kg m–2), waist circumference (WC) and abdominal obesity (WC ≥88 cm in women; WC ≥102 cm in men), adjusting for daily total energy intake, physical activity, sleeping and other individual characteristics.ResultsApproximately 36.5% and 56.7% of the NHANES adult participants had obesity and abdominal obesity, respectively. The proportion of energy, total fat, saturated fat and total sugar intake within the time window of 00.00 h to 05.59 h and 22.00 h to 23.59 h averaged 5.7%, 5.3%, 5.7% and 6.8%, respectively. Energy intake within the time window was not found to be associated with BMI, WC, obesity or abdominal obesity in the regression analyses. Sensitivity analyses applying alternative time windows to capture night‐time eating found night‐time intakes of energy, total fat, saturated fat and total sugar not to be associated BMI, WC, obesity or abdominal obesity.ConclusionsNight‐time eating was not found to be associated with body weight status in a US nationally representative adult sample. Restricting night‐time food consumption alone without an overall reduction in daily caloric intake may not prevent obesity. The findings of the present study warrant replication in a future experimental study with habitual dietary behaviour measures.
Three‐Year Outcomes of a School‐Hospital Partnership Providing Multitiered Mental Health Services in Urban Schools
Authors: Walter Heather J. , Kaye Amy J. , Dennery Kristine M. , DeMaso David R. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFrom the perspective of schools, children's mental health is essential to academic success. Multitiered systems of support (MTSS) that provide prevention/promotion, early identification/intervention, and clinical treatment services have been embraced as a promising means to deliver mental health services in the school setting.METHODSA school‐hospital partnership tested the implementation over 3 consecutive academic years of an MTSS model for elementary through high‐school students enrolled in 6 urban public schools. The model was designed to embed whole‐school and classroom‐level prevention/promotion programs alongside small group and individual services for selected youth. Utilization, satisfaction, and student‐ and school‐level outcomes were assessed.RESULTSStudents participating in early intervention had significantly improved social‐emotional competencies and coping skills (particularly those students at highest risk), and students with mental health disorders who participated in clinical treatment had significantly improved symptoms and functioning. Schools significantly enhanced their capacity to provide mental health services across prevention/promotion, early identification/intervention, and crisis management domains. These findings were replicated across 3 consecutive years of program implementation.CONCLUSIONSA school‐hospital partnership using an MTSS model was found to be feasible, valued, and effective in improving students' mental health status and schools' capacities to provide mental health services.
Development and validation of a color evaluation process for sweet potato preference characterization
Authors: Bowen Amy J. , Blake Amy , Tureček Jessica 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study reports on the development of a process to objectively evaluate color using descriptive analysis. Panelists established a color lexicon (hue, lightness, evenness) and a two‐dimensional reference tool. The lexicon was applied to 23 baked sweet potato cultivars, along with a flavor lexicon. Color attributes all differentiated the products; most of the variation was due to color evenness. A consumer acceptance test (n = 204) was conducted on a subset of the products and showed a strong bias for specific color attributes. Consumers liked even, light‐orange hue; however, small changes in color dimensions impacted visual appeal. Overall characterization of products is described by a three‐factor principal component analysis solution. F1 (44% variance) correlated to moist texture and a redder‐orange hue and inversely correlated to stickiness. F2 (30% variance) correlated with high evenness and inverse correlation with acidic, bitter taste, and earthy aroma. F3 (15% variance) correlated to high sweet taste and caramel aroma.Practical applicationsFor consumers, food color is an indicator of key aspects of quality such as freshness, nutritional value, and sensory properties, and thus it is critically important for consumer liking. After creation and validation of a process for the evaluation of perceived color using a trained descriptive panel, an external preference map, which included the aspects of color, was able to identify three consumer segments with a complex preference pattern. This approach could be applied to more fully characterize other horticultural or food products where color is critical to the consumer sensory experience.