bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The performance of control charts for large non‐normally distributed datasets
Authors: Huberts Leo C.E. , Schoonhoven Marit , Goedhart Rob , Diko Mandla D. , Does Ronald J.M.M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBecause of digitalization, many organizations possess large datasets. Furthermore, measurement data are often not normally distributed. However, when samples are sufficiently large, the central limit theorem may be used for the sample means. In this article, we evaluate the use of the central limit theorem for various distributions and sample sizes, as well as its effects on the performance of a Shewhart control chart for these large non‐normally distributed datasets. To this end, we use the sample means as individual observations and a Shewhart control chart for individual observations to monitor processes. We study the unconditional performance, expressed as the expectation of the in‐control average run length (ARL), as well as the conditional performance, expressed as the probability that the control chart based on estimated parameters will have a lower in‐control ARL than a specified desired in‐control ARL. We use recently developed factors to correct the control limits to obtain a specified conditional or unconditional in‐control performance. The results in this paper indicate that the
control chart should be applied with caution, even with large sample sizes.
A new adaptive EWMA control chart for monitoring the process dispersion
Authors: Haq Abdul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), cumulative sum (CUSUM), and adaptive EWMA (AEWMA) control charts have had wide popularity because of their excellent speed in tracking infrequent process shifts, which are expected to lie within certain ranges. In this paper, we propose a new AEWMA dispersion chart that may achieve better performance over a range of dispersion shifts. The idea is to first consider an unbiased estimator of the dispersion shift using the EWMA statistic, and then based on the magnitude of this shift, select an appropriate value of the smoothing parameter to design an EWMA chart, named the AEWMA chart. The run length characteristics of the AEWMA chart are computed with the help of extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The AEWMA chart is compared with some of the existing powerful competitor control charts. It turns out that the AEWMA chart performs substantially and uniformly better than the EWMA‐S2, CUSUM‐S2, existing AEWMA, and HHW‐EWMA charts when detecting different kinds of shifts in the process dispersion. Moreover, an example is also used to explain the working and implementation of the proposed AEWMA chart.
Outcome reporting across randomized trials and observational studies evaluating treatments for twin–twin transfusion syndrome: systematic review
Authors: Perry H. , Duffy J. M. N. , Umadia O. , Khalil A. ,   the International Collaboration to Harmonise Outcomes for Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome (CHOOSE)
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTwin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Potential treatments for the condition require robust evaluation. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome reporting across observational studies and randomized controlled trials assessing treatments for TTTS.MethodsCochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from inception to August 2016. Observational studies and randomized controlled trials reporting outcome following treatment for TTTS in monochorionic–diamniotic twin pregnancy and monochorionic–triamniotic or dichorionic–triamniotic triplet pregnancy were included. Outcome reporting was systematically extracted and categorized.ResultsSix randomized trials and 94 observational studies were included, reporting data from 20 071 maternal participants and 3199 children. Six different treatments were evaluated. Included studies reported 62 different outcomes, including six fetal, seven offspring mortality, 25 neonatal, six early childhood and 18 maternal/operative outcomes. Outcomes were reported inconsistently across trials. For example, when considering offspring mortality, 31 (31%) studies reported live birth, 31 (31%) reported intrauterine death, 49 (49%) reported neonatal mortality and 17 (17%) reported perinatal mortality. Four (4%) studies reported respiratory distress syndrome. Only 19 (19%) studies were designed for long‐term follow‐up and 11 (11%) of these reported cerebral palsy.ConclusionsStudies evaluating treatments for TTTS have often neglected to report clinically important outcomes, especially neonatal morbidity outcomes, and most are not designed for long‐term follow‐up. The development of a core outcome set could help standardize outcome collection and reporting in TTTS studies. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A Beddoes‐Leishman–type model with an optimization‐based methodology and airfoil shape parameters
Authors: Singapore Wala Abdulqadir Aziz , Ng Eddie Y. K. , Narasimalu Srikanth 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFloating offshore wind turbines operate in a highly unsteady environment; thus, many flow transients occur at the blade cross‐sectional level, which affect the rotor aerodynamics. In every rotor aerodynamics modelling technique requiring the blade element theory, the blade cross‐sectional aerodynamics need to be predicted accurately on the basis of the flow conditions. At reduced frequencies of 0.01 and greater, the flow unsteadiness can be considered significant and cannot be treated as quasisteady. Floating offshore wind turbines can be expected to consistently operate in some degree of yaw or pitch, which may result in reduced frequencies greater than 0.01 over most of the blade when operating at rated wind speeds and rotor RPM. The Beddoes‐Leishman model is a comprehensive but complex model for predicting unsteady airfoil aerodynamics, containing 8 dimensionless time constants. In the present study, the Beddoes‐Leishman model was compared with experimental results of 10 different airfoil profiles, each performed under a range of Reynolds numbers, motion frequencies, mean, and amplitudes of angle of attack. An optimization was performed for all time constants in the model, the results of which were used to formulate a simplified model with fewer equations, without any reduction in accuracy. Further, optimizations were performed against the experimental results of each airfoil, and the optimized constants were compared with shape parameters of the airfoils, yielding possible correlations, which were then applied in the simplified Beddoes‐Leishman model to yield improved accuracy, measured as a 5% reduction in accumulated error between experimental and predicted coefficients of lift.
Hydrodynamic excitations from chiral kinetic theory and the hydrodynamic frames
Authors: Abbasi Navid , Taghinavaz Farid , Naderi Kiarash 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn the framework of chiral kinetic theory (CKT), we consider a system of right-and left-handed Weyl fermions out of thermal equilibrium in a homogeneous weak magnetic field. We show that the Lorentz invariance implies a modification in the definition of the momentum current in the phase space, compared to the case in which the system is in global equilibrium. Using this modified momentum current, we derive the linearized conservation equations from the kinetic equation up to second order in the derivative expansion. It turns out that the eigenmodes of these equations, namely the hydrodynamic modes, differ from those obtained from the hydrodynamic in the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) frame at the same order. We show that the modes of the former case may be transformed to the corresponding modes in the latter case by a global boost. The velocity of the boost is proportional to the magnetic field as well as the difference between the right- and left-handed charges susceptibility. We then compute the chiral transport coefficients in a system of non-Abelian chiral fermions in the no-drag frame and by making the above boost, obtain the well-known transport coeffiecients of the system in the LL frame. Finally by using the idea of boost, we reproduce the AdS/CFT result for the chiral drag force exerted on a quark at rest in the rest frame of the fluid, without performing any holographic computations.
Effect of Intranasal Mupirocin Prophylaxis on Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusTransmission and Invasive Staphylococcal Infections in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Ristagno Elizabeth H. , Bryant Kristina A. , Boland Lynette F. , Stout Gordon G. , Junkins Alan D. , Woods Charles R. , Myers John A. , Espinosa Claudia M. 
Published: April 2018

The use of monthly intranasal mupirocin was associated with a significant reduction in the rate of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureustransmission andStaphylococcus aureusinvasive infection in a large neonatal intensive care unit. Resistance to mupirocin emerged over time, but it was rare and was not associated with adverse clinical outcomes.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:741–745
WILD MAMMALS OF ANCIENT NORTH CHINA
Authors: Lander Brian , Brunson Katherine 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHuman activity has eliminated many of the natural lowland ecosystems of the Middle and Lower Yellow River Valley, and has modified the rest, making it difficult to understand what species are native to the region. As a step towards the reconstruction of these lost environments, this paper employs zooarchaeological and other evidence to identify the native mammals of the region. We provide basic ecological information about these animals and discuss controversial or difficult cases in more depth. Our goal is not only to study China's environmental history, but also to make clear that conventional understandings of species ranges are based on the distributions of animals in the modern period, when many had already been eliminated from large areas by human activity.
Modeling the dynamic response of outlet glaciers to observed ice-shelf thinning in the Bellingshausen Sea Sector, West Antarctica
Authors: MINCHEW BRENT M. , GUDMUNDSSON G. HILMAR , GARDNER ALEX S. , PAOLO FERNANDO S. , FRICKER HELEN A. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACTSatellite observations of gravity anomalies, ice-surface elevation and glacier velocity show significant increases in net grounded-ice-mass loss over the past decade along the Bellingshausen Sea sector (BSS), West Antarctica, in areas where warm (>1°C) sea water floods the continental shelf. These observations provide compelling but indirect evidence that mass losses are driven primarily by reduced buttressing from the floating ice shelves caused by ocean-driven ice-shelf thinning. Here, we combine recent observations of ice velocity, thickness and thickness changes with an ice flow model to study the instantaneous dynamic response of BSS outlet glaciers to observed ice-shelf thinning, alone. Our model results show that multiple BSS outlet glaciers respond instantaneously to observed ice-shelf thinning, particularly in areas where ice shelves ground at discrete points. Increases in modeled and observed dynamic mass losses, however, account for ~5% of the mass loss rates estimated from gravity anomalies and changes in ice-surface elevation, suggesting that variations in surface mass balance may be key to understanding recent BSS mass loss. Our approach isolates the impact of ice-shelf thinning on glacier flow and shows that if ice-shelf thinning continues at or above current rates, total BSS mass loss will increase in the next decade.
Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran: a systematic review
Authors: Khademvatan S. , Majidiani H. , Foroutan M. , Hazrati Tappeh K. , Aryamand S. , Khalkhali H.R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a significant zoonosis, especially in developing countries of the Middle East, with many studies focusing on CE genotypes in Iran. We performed a systematic review to determine the exact status of E. granulosus genotypes in the country. We explored English (Pubmed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and Science Direct) and Persian (Magiran, Iran Medex and Scientific Information Database) databases along with Google Scholar. Our review included 73 studies published prior to the end of 2015. In total, 2952 animal (intermediate and definitive) hosts were examined, and the prevalent genotypes comprised G1 (92.75%) and G6 (4.53%) in sheep, cattle, camels, goats and buffaloes; G3 (2.43%) in five herbivore hosts and dogs; G7 (0.2%) in sheep and goats; and G2 (0.06%) in dogs. G1 was mostly dominant in West Azerbaijan, whereas G3 and G6 were identified most frequently in the provinces of Isfahan and Fars, respectively. Regarding human CE infection, 340 cases were reported from Iran, with the identified genotypes G1 (n = 320), G6 (n = 13) and G3 (n = 7). Most CE-infected humans originated from Isfahan province (168 cases), whereas the lowest number of infected persons was noted in Kerman province (two cases). The information obtained from this systematic review is central to better understanding the biological and epidemiological characteristics of E. granulosus s.l. genotypes in Iran, leading to more comprehensive control strategies.
Do behavioural defence mechanisms explain different levels of trematode infections in congeneric hosts?
Authors: Goellner S. , Selbach C. , Friesen O.C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSusceptibility and tolerance to parasite infection vary greatly between host species. The congeneric isopod species Austridotea annectens and Austridotea lacustris often occur in sympatry and can both serve as intermediate hosts for the trematode Maritrema poulini. However, the intensity and prevalence of infections vary greatly in natural populations, with A. annectens often being heavily infected and A. lacustris rarely being infected. To shed light on the factors that may be involved in infection avoidance in A. lacustris, 100 isopods were collected and experimentally exposed to M. poulini cercariae. To examine for potential behavioural mechanisms, we used carbonated water as a paralysing agent to temporarily stop any movement by the isopods, and exposed paralysed isopods to cercariae. In the experiments, none of the individuals that were exposed to the parasite were found to be infected, although some cercariae seemed to have penetrated isopod hosts. Behavioural defence mechanisms do not seem to explain the different infection levels between A. lacustris and A. annectens, suggesting a physiological, possibly immunological, factor may be present. At the ecosystem level, this suggests a potential dilution effect caused by this low-competency host, and its effects on parasite transmission dynamics should be investigated.
Diel changes in the vertical distribution of larval cutlassfish Trichiurus japonicus
Authors: Uehara Daichi , Shoji Jun , Ochi Yuichiro , Yamaguchi Shuhei , Nakaguchi Kazumitsu , Shibata Jun-Ya , Tomiyama Takeshi 
Published: April 2018

Diel vertical migration of the cutlassfish Trichiurus japonicus larvae were investigated by consecutive 24-h collections at 3-h intervals at a station in the central Seto Inland Sea, Japan in June and September. Only one larva was collected in June 2017, while 224 and 40 larvae were collected in September 2016 and 2017, respectively. Larvae were present only at depths of ≥ 11 m during the day, whereas they were present at depths of 1, 6, 11 and 16 m during the night. Migration was observed in larvae in which swim bladder formation was completed. A similar pattern, namely nocturnal occurrence at shallow depths only of the developed larvae, was observed in another 24-h survey, suggesting that the swim bladder regulates the upward movement of larvae at night.
Decolonizing Nationalist Racism? Reflections on travel writing from mid-twentieth century Kerala, India
Authors: DEVIKA J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article examines the travel writing of the well-known author from Kerala state, India, S. K. Pottekkatt, who is now recognized as a national literary figure. Recent readings of his African travelogues have pointed to the deep racism that informs them. This article probes further, seeking to place Pottekkatt's ethnocentrism in the context of decolonization, which formed the backdrop of his travels and writing. I argue that Pottekkatt's ethnocentrism also contains a strand which is underpinned by nationalist biopolitics. While we find his writings deeply entrenched in racist colonial stereotypes about native Africans, they are also shaped by nationalist biopolitics that were emerging during decolonization, which led him to strongly condemn prominent groups of Indian immigrants in Africa as well. Dipesh Chakrabarty's reflections on the ambiguities of decolonizing discourses provide a useful springboard for a fresh reading. This preliminary reading of Pottekkatt's African travelogues, however, complicates Chakrabarty's observations about both pedagogic and dialogic modes of decolonizing discourses. It also points to the importance of the regional, and not the national, in the possibilities of South-South dialogue—to which Pottekkatt's accounts point, if only in a cursory manner.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and risk for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in siblings
Authors: Jokiranta-Olkoniemi Elina , Cheslack-Postava Keely , Joelsson Petteri , Suominen Auli , Brown Alan S. , Sourander Andre 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundProbands with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for several psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders. The risk of these disorders among the siblings of probands has not been thoroughly assessed in a population-based cohort.MethodsEvery child born in Finland in 1991–2005 and diagnosed with ADHD in 1995–2011 were identified from national registers. Each case was matched with four controls on sex, place, and date of birth. The full siblings of the cases and controls were born in 1981–2007 and diagnosed in 1981–2013. In total, 7369 cases with 12 565 siblings and 23 181 controls with 42 753 siblings were included in the analyses conducted using generalized estimating equations.Results44.2% of the cases and 22.2% of the controls had at least one sibling diagnosed with any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder (risk ratio, RR = 2.1; 95% CI 2.0–2.2). The strongest associations were demonstrated for childhood-onset disorders including ADHD (RR = 5.7; 95% CI 5.1–6.3), conduct and oppositional disorders (RR = 4.0; 95% CI 3.5–4.5), autism spectrum disorders (RR = 3.9; 95% CI 3.3–4.6), other emotional and social interaction disorders (RR = 2.7; 95% CI 2.4–3.1), learning and coordination disorders (RR = 2.6; 95% CI 2.4–2.8), and intellectual disability (RR = 2.4; 95% CI 2.0–2.8). Also, bipolar disorder, unipolar mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, other neurotic and personality disorders, substance abuse disorders, and anxiety disorders occurred at increased frequency among the siblings of cases.ConclusionsThe results offer potential utility for early identification of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in at-risk siblings of ADHD probands and also argue for more studies on common etiologies.
Lost boomerangs, the rebound effect and transnational advocacy networks: a discursive approach to norm diffusion
Authors: de Almagro Maria Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article aims to show the added value of studying transnational advocacy networks through a discursive approach in order to better understand the outcomes of norm diffusion in postconflict contexts. I argue that constructivist approaches to norm diffusion fall short as an explanation of norm adoption because they assume an automatic process of norm propagation through socialisation mechanisms. The first goal of the article is then to discuss how the internal dynamics of discourse negotiation in transnational advocacy networks impact the diffusion and implementation of international norms. The second goal is to propose the concept of the rebound effect and to explore the conditions under which it takes place. Through data collected during extended fieldwork, the article examines a prominent case, namely the transnational campaign for the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security in Burundi and Liberia. I ask why and how the campaign was understood as a success in Liberia and as a failure in Burundi. I argue that there is another way of looking at these cases in less dichotomised ways. Crucially, my findings demonstrate how in both cases a very particular discourse on gender security is (re)produced through power relations between local and transnational activists limiting the type of policies that are advocated for and depoliticising the grassroots.
Targeting clams: insights into the invasive potential and current and future distribution of Asian clams
Authors: REYNA PAOLA , NORI JAVIER , BALLESTEROS MARÍA L. , HUED ANDREA C. , TATIÁN MARCOS 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYBivalves are among the main groups of invasive freshwater species, with the Asian clam genusCorbiculain particular being widely distributed. While global studies have focused onCorbicula fluminea(Müller, 1774), the invasive potential ofCorbicula largillierti(Philippi, 1844) andCorbicula fluminalis(Müller, 1774) is still unknown. The spread of invasive species may be intensified by climate change. We estimated and compared environmentally suitable areas for these species under hypothetical climate scenarios, generating global maps of invasion risk. We found large climatically suitable areas forC. largilliertiandC. fluminalis(under species distribution models) and that their invasive potential is currently underestimated. The analysis revealed many areas in which changing climate may favour the invasion ofCorbiculaspp.
Reconstruction of a Caregiver Burden Scale: Identifying Culturally Sensitive Items in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hamad Eradah O. , AlHadi Ahmad N. , Tremblay Paul F. , Savundranayagam Marie Y. , Kinsella Elizabeth Anne , Holmes Jeffrey D. , Lee Christopher J. , Johnson Andrew M. 
Published: April 2018

RÉSUMÉLe Montgomery Borgatta Caregiver Burden Scale, une échelle fréquemment utilisée aux États-Unis, a été adapté au contexte de l’Arabie Saoudite. En vue de produire une version de cette échelle qui soit compatible avec la culture arabe, des entretiens semi-structurés ont été menés auprès d’un échantillon de convenance de 20 aidants familiaux saoudiens. La version arabe de l’échelle a été administrée, et les participants ont été invités à donner leurs commentaires sur la pertinence des questions portant sur le construit du fardeau de l’aidant. Deux méthodes constructivistes associées à la théorie des construits personnels ont été utilisées, soit la technique de la grille-répertoire et la procédure d’échelonnage. Les rapports d’entretiens ont servi à évaluer le contenu des questions et du construit associé au fardeau de l’aidant. Nos résultats indiquent que les méthodes constructivistes peuvent être très utiles pour affiner des construits et des instruments quantitatifs. Ces stratégies ont une bonne faisabilité même dans les cas où l’on dispose de peu d’indices sur le construit étudié dans un milieu culturel donné, et permettent d’approfondir nos connaissances sur les variations interculturelles de différentes versions de l’échelle.