bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction of ischemic optic neuropathy in rats by carbamylated darbepoetin
Authors: Peresypkina Anna A. 
Published: April 2018

Introduction: The protective effects of carbamylated darbepoetin on the model of ischemic optic neuropathy in rats were revealed.
Objectives: To increase the effectiveness of pharmacological correction of experimental ischemic optic neuropathy in an experiment by using carbamylated darbepoetin.
Methods: Measuring the microcirculation level in the retina of rats was carried out using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Registration was done by the data acquisition system Biopac-systems MP-150 and AcqKnowledge 4.2 programme.
For microscopy and morphometry, the prepared microslides were scanned using Mirax Desk, a computerised archiving and image analysis system. Image analysis and morphometry were carried out by Pannoramic Viewer 1.15.4.
Results and discussion: In the group with correction of ischemic optic neuropathy by carbamylated darbepoetin, 300 μg/kg, the microcirculation level increases by 41.9%, p<0.05 in comparison with the control group, but also below the norm values by 20.3%, p<0.05. In the group with correction by recombinant erythropoietin, 50 IU/kg, the microcirculation rate increases by 36.7%, p<0.05 in comparison with the control group and significantly lower - by 23.3%, p<0.05 - in comparison with the group of intact animals. Qualitative and quantitative morphological indices (thickness of retinal layers) helped to reveal a neuroprotective effect of carbamylated darbepoetin to a greater extent than that of recombinant erythropoietin.
Conclusion: The obtained data allow drawing a conclusion about partial restoration of blood flow and preservation of neuronal retinal structures when correcting ischemic optic neuropathy in rats with carbamylated darbepoetin to a greater extent than with recombinant erythropoietin.
Attitudes and perceptions of Sudanese high-school students and their parents towards spectacle wear
Authors: Alrasheed Saif H. , Naidoo Kovin S. , Clarke-Farr Peter C. 
Published: April 2018

Background: Uncorrected refractive error is a major cause of avoidable vision impairment and may have significant impact on social life, education and economic prospects of people. This condition could be easily treated by wearing spectacles, but because of attitudes and misconceptions of some communities towards spectacle wear and eye care, such methods are underutilised.Aim: To assess the attitudes and perceptions of Sudanese high-school students and their parents towards spectacle wear.Setting: The study was conducted in eight randomly selected high schools from the South Darfur state of Sudan.Methods: A cross-sectional school-based study comprising 387 high-school students with age ranging from 12 to 17 years together with 47 students’ parents with age ranging from 32 to 52 years. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data from eight high schools. Semi-structured questionnaires were distributed to collect the quantitative data, and seven focus group meetings were held in the schools with students’ parents to derive the qualitative data.Results: The findings revealed that 39%, 32% and 27.1% of the students believed that wearing spectacles affected their opportunities for education, employment and marriage, respectively. A total of 36.4% of the students believed that wearing spectacles could lead to making the eyes weaker or could damage the eyes, resulting in early blindness, and 22.5% of the respondents believed that spectacles were only for older people. In general, the perception towards spectacle wear was different between genders, with females appearing to be more vulnerable to social and psychological distress when wearing spectacles compared to males. A total of 79% of the parents were aware that wearing spectacles would improve vision if an eye doctor prescribed the spectacles. However, parents reported that the disadvantages of wearing spectacles were that they reduced the power of the eyes and spectacle wear had psychological effects, particularly among females. Parents felt that their children had lost an important asset, that the community looked at them as handicapped and that their children would be blind in future.Conclusion: The fear and stigma related to the use of spectacles are widely experienced among students and their parents in Sudan, and particularly among females. Eye health education programmes should be broadcast through the public media to promote awareness and benefits about spectacle wear and eye care.
Practical consensus recommendations for tumor margins and breast conservative surgery
Authors: Sarin R. , Somsekhar S. P. , Kumar R. , Pawan Gupta , Sumeet Jain , Pramoj Jindal , Vaishali Zamre , Firoz Pasha , Parikh P. M. , Aggarwal S. , Koul R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMy suggestion: There is no difference in survival of breast cancer patients treated with either mastectomy or with breast conservation therapy combined with external beam radiotherapy. A positive margin (s) is an important factor contributing to the increased risk of local recurrence. However, in published literature, there is a lack of consensus on the definition of acceptable margin (s). As a result decision process about need for re-excision after positive margins remains uncrear.
Practical consensus recommendations regarding the management of HER2 neu positive early breast cancer
Authors: Bahl A. , Singh R. , Wadhwa J. , Gupta S. , Ahmed M. , Uppal P. N. , Parikh Purvish M. , Aggarwal S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOver-expression of HER2 is generally considered to be a negative prognostic feature because it accompanies an increase in breast cancer mortality. However, the development of agents that specifically target HER2 has improved the management of patients with these tumours. This expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at these practical consensus recommendations with regards to the use of these agents and the management of HER2 neu early breast cancer for the benefit of community oncologists.
Practical consensus recommendations on management of triple-negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Rangarao R. , Smruti B. K. , Singh K. , Gupta A. , Batra S. , Choudhary R. K. , Gupta A. , Sahani S. , Kabra Vedant , Parikh Purvish M. , Aggarwal S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPatients with breast cancer along with metastatic estrogen and progesterone receptor (ER/PR)- and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors are referred to as having metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) disease. Resistance to current standard therapies such as anthracyclines or taxanes limits the available options for previously treated patients with metastatic TNBC to a small number of non-cross-resistant regimens, and there is currently no preferred standard chemotherapy. Clinical experience suggests that many women with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) relapse quickly. Expert oncologist discussed about new chemotherapeutic strategies and agents used in treatment of mTNBC and the expert group used data from published literature, practical experience and opinion of a large group of academic oncologists to arrive at this practical consensus recommendations for the benefit of community oncologists.
Primary aerosol and secondary inorganic aerosol budget over the Mediterranean Basin during 2012 and 2013
Authors: Guth Jonathan , Marécal Virginie , Josse Béatrice , Arteta Joaquim , Hamer Paul 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. In the frame of the Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment (ChArMEx), we analyse the budget of primary aerosols and secondary inorganic aerosols over the Mediterranean Basin during the years 2012 and 2013. To do this, we use two year-long numerical simulations with the chemistry-transport model MOCAGE validated against satellite- and ground-based measurements. The budget is presented on an annual and a monthly basis on a domain covering 29 to 47° N latitude and 10° W to 38° E longitude. The years 2012 and 2013 show similar seasonal variations. The desert dust is the main contributor to the annual aerosol burden in the Mediterranean region with a peak in spring, and sea salt being the second most important contributor. The secondary inorganic aerosols, taken as a whole, contribute a similar level to sea salt. The results show that all of the considered aerosol types, except for sea salt aerosols, experience net export out of our Mediterranean Basin model domain, and thus this area should be considered as a source region for aerosols globally. Our study showed that 11 % of the desert dust, 22.8 to 39.5 % of the carbonaceous aerosols, 35 % of the sulfate and 9 % of the ammonium emitted or produced into the study domain are exported. The main sources of variability for aerosols between 2012 and 2013 are weather-related variations, acting on emissions processes, and the episodic import of aerosols from North American fires. In order to assess the importance of the anthropogenic emissions of the marine and the coastal areas which are central for the economy of the Mediterranean Basin, we made a sensitivity test simulation. This simulation is similar to the reference simulation but with the removal of the international shipping emissions and the anthropogenic emissions over a 50 km wide band inland along the coast. We showed that around 30 % of the emissions of carbonaceous aerosols and 35 to 60 % of the exported carbonaceous aerosols originates from the marine and coastal areas. The formation of 23, 27 and 27 %, respectively of, ammonium, nitrate and sulfate aerosols is due to the emissions within the marine and coastal area.
The Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC): history, status and perspectives
Authors: De Mazière Martine , Thompson Anne M. , Kurylo Michael J. , Wild Jeannette D. , Bernhard Germar , Blumenstock Thomas , Braathen Geir O. , Hannigan James W. , Lambert Jean-Christopher , Leblanc Thierry , McGee Thomas J. , Nedoluha Gerald , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Seckmeyer Gunther , Simon Paul C. , Steinbrecht Wolfgang , Strahan Susan E. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract. The Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) is an international global network of more than 90 stations making high-quality measurements of atmospheric composition that began official operations in 1991 after 5 years of planning. Apart from sonde measurements, all measurements in the network are performed by ground-based remote-sensing techniques. Originally named the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC), the name of the network was changed to NDACC in 2005 to better reflect the expanded scope of its measurements. The primary goal of NDACC is to establish long-term databases for detecting changes and trends in the chemical and physical state of the atmosphere (mesosphere, stratosphere, and troposphere) and to assess the coupling of such changes with climate and air quality. NDACC's origins, station locations, organizational structure, and data archiving are described. NDACC is structured around categories of ground-based observational techniques (sonde, lidar, microwave radiometers, Fourier-transform infrared, UV-visible DOAS (differential optical absorption spectroscopy)-type, and Dobson–Brewer spectrometers, as well as spectral UV radiometers), timely cross-cutting themes (ozone, water vapour, measurement strategies, cross-network data integration), satellite measurement systems, and theory and analyses. Participation in NDACC requires compliance with strict measurement and data protocols to ensure that the network data are of high and consistent quality. To widen its scope, NDACC has established formal collaborative agreements with eight other cooperating networks and Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW). A brief history is provided, major accomplishments of NDACC during its first 25 years of operation are reviewed, and a forward-looking perspective is presented.
Het conceptwetsvoorstel ‘Wet homologatie onderhands akkoord ter voorkoming van faillissement’
Authors: van Gangelen B.S.J.M. , Gispen G.H 
Published: April 2018

Het conceptwetsvoorstel ‘Wet homologatie onderhands akkoord ter voorkoming van faillissement’
In deze bijdrage gaan de auteurs aan de hand van een concrete casus in op het conceptwetsvoorstel ‘Wet homologatie onderhands akkoord ter voorkoming van faillissement’ (hierna: de WHOA). De auteurs staan stil bij een aantal materiële criteria waaraan het akkoord volgens de regels van de WHOA dient te voldoen en plaatsen daarbij enkele kanttekeningen. De auteurs concluderen dat de WHOA de schuldenaar – en soms ook de schuldeisers – een flexibel maar potentieel vérstrekkend instrument in handen geeft om met enige mate van precisie zijn bovenmatige kosten en schulden te saneren buiten surseance en faillissement.
De plannen van het kabinet-Rutte III met de (ondernemings)belastingen
Authors: Bouwman J.N. 
Published: April 2018

De plannen van kabinet-Rutte III met de (ondernemings)belastingen
De formatie van het kabinet-Rutte III heeft geleid tot een groot aantal fiscale plannen. Deze hebben ook gevolgen voor ondernemers. Zo krijgen ondernemingen te maken met wijzigingen in de vennootschapsbelasting, de dividendbelasting, de inkomstenbelasting en een aantal andere belastingen. In het regeerakkoord is gezocht naar een balans tussen het tegengaan van belastingontwijking door grote ondernemingen, het in stand houden van een goed vestigingsklimaat, lastenverlichting voor iedereen en vergroening. Een en ander wordt in dit artikel besproken.
De betekenis van decharge voor stichtingbestuurders en -toezichthouders
Authors: de Jong M. 
Published: April 2018

De betekenis van decharge voor stichtingbestuurders en -toezichthouders
Dit artikel neemt decharge van stichtingbestuurders en -toezichthouders onder de loep. Allereerst komt decharge bij vennootschappen (NV en BV) en de betekenis daarvan aan de orde. Daarna volgt een uiteenzetting van de wijze waarop stichtingen in de praktijk (kunnen) omgaan met decharge en de betekenis die daaraan kan worden toegekend. Afgesloten wordt met enkele suggesties over hoe de praktijk kan omgaan met decharge van stichtingbestuurders en -toezichthouders. Ik kom tot de conclusie dat voor stichtingen een wettelijke bepaling zoals voor de NV en BV in combinatie met (statutaire) modelregelingen tekort zal schieten. Het verdient mijns inziens aanbeveling om een algemene wettelijke bepaling over decharge op te nemen in het algemeen deel van Boek 2 BW.
(On)mogelijkheden van verpanding van onderhanden werk
Authors: van der Zee M.R. 
Published: April 2018

(On)mogelijkheden van verpanding van onderhanden werk
Het arrest Famed/Kreikamp q.q., over de verpanding van onderhanden werk onder de geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst, geeft aanleiding voor een algemene beschouwing over de verpanding van ‘onderhanden werk’. Cruciaal voor een rechtsgeldige verpanding van onderhanden werk is of überhaupt een vordering uit hoofde van het onderhanden werk ontstaat. In het artikel wordt stilgestaan bij de overwegingen van de Hoge Raad in het arrest Famed/Kreikamp q.q. Vervolgens wordt ingegaan op de verpanding van onderhanden werk onder de overeenkomst van aanneming van werk en of in dat kader het oordeel van de Hoge Raad in Famed/Kreikamp q.q. relevant kan zijn. Voorzichtig geconcludeerd wordt dat, voor zover partijen in de overeenkomst van aanneming van werk niets zijn overeengekomen over de vordering uit hoofde van onderhanden werk, aansluiting zou kunnen worden gezocht bij het oordeel van de Hoge Raad in Famed/Kreikamp q.q.
A Spatial Layout Optimization Program Considering the Survivability of a Naval Vessel in the Early Design Stage
Authors: Jeong Yong-Kuk , Kim Youngmin , Ju Su Heon , Shin Jong Gye , Kim Jong Chul , Woo Jong Hun 
Published: April 2018

As mission capability and scope of naval vessels are increasing, there has been an emphasis on the importance of survivability of naval vessels. Elements of survivability include susceptibility, vulnerability, and recoverability among which vulnerability is directly associated with the interior spatial layout of a naval vessel. However, various other elements also must be simultaneously considered in the design phase of a naval vessel. Accordingly, this study proposes a method that considers survivability an assessment factor by quantifying vulnerability in attacks, which is directly associated with the effect of spatial layout of a naval vessel. Furthermore, to automatically create spatial layout alternatives of naval vessels and efficiently deduce optimum spatial layout results, this study developed an optimization program for the spatial layout of naval vessels. The differential evolution algorithm was used for the optimization, and its effectiveness was validated by applying it to various examples.

1. Introduction
The spatial layout problem, arranging equipment and facilities that perform various functions in a limited space, requires various layout alternatives to reflect the intention of the designer. The problem of arranging equipment and compartments in a vessel can also be regarded as spatial layout problem. In particular, spatial layout of a naval vessel must consider the characteristics of the naval vessel, which performs multiple tasks such as battle, habitation, maintenance, and communication to establish systematic spatial layout strategies.
Many studies have been conducted regarding ways to perform spatial layout in light of various elements from the initial design phase of naval vessels. The intelligent ship arrangement (ISA) algorithm has been proposed by the University of Michigan research team in the United States (Parsons et al. 2008). The University College London (UCL) research team in the UK also proposed a ship design method using the design building block concept (Andrews 1998), and then extended their research to apply the simulation-based design concept (Andrews 2006). In the Netherlands, the TU Delft research team suggested a method of applying the packing approach to the initial design stage of the vessel (van Oers & Hopman 2010; van Oers 2011). Especially, the UCL research team developed the naval vessel design module SURFCON, which is applicable to the PARAMARINE ship design software. In Korea, regulations and the system for designing naval vessels and spatial layout are defined, but there are no processes or specific methodologies to apply them to the actual naval vessel design process. Therefore, spatial layout of naval vessels is being carried out based on the experience and subjective judgment of experts.
La Musicologie du cinéma : enjeux disciplinaires et problèmes méthodologiques
Authors: Huvet Chloé 
Published: April 2018

Si la musique de cinéma a longtemps été délaissée sur le plan scientifique, en particulier dans la francophonie, la floraison d’analyses musicologiques spécialisées dans ce domaine depuis quelques décennies commence toutefois à combler cette lacune. Par un regard réflexif porté sur ce jeune champ disciplinaire qu’est la « musicologie du cinéma », il s’agira d’interroger la place de l’étude de la musique de film au sein des travaux en musicologie, afin de comprendre le désaveu dont elle a pu faire l’objet. Bien que des disparités perdurent entre les musicologies nord-américaine et française, nous montrerons que l’institutionnalisation progressive de l’étude de la musique de film et son rattachement assumé à la musicologie semblent en bon chemin. L’exposé des problématiques propres à l’étude de la musique de cinéma permettra de dégager non seulement les défis méthodologiques posé par un tel objet de recherche, mais aussi d’éclairer la manière dont elles rejoignent et réengagent nombre de réflexions animant la discipline musicologique elle-même.
L’Union européenne comme acteur international des politiques éducatives et sa « mallette éducative » : méthode ouverte de coordination, benchmarks, compétences clés et cadre européen des certifications
Authors: RUŞITORU Mihaela-Viorica 
Published: April 2018

Depuis une vingtaine d’années, l’Union européenne est qualifiée comme étant un acteur supranational davantage présent sur la scène éducative. À travers les stratégies européennes – Lisbonne 2010 et Europe 2020 - mais aussi la méthode ouverte de coordination, une mutation incontournable s’est produite à l’échelle des États membres. Dans cet article nous nous proposons d’analyser de quelle façon l’Union européenne arrive-t-elle à s’ériger en véritable acteur éducatif. L’analyse thématique d’une quarantaine d’entretiens semi-directifs conduits auprès des fonctionnaires européens et internationaux relève que les leaders politiques européens ont préparé la « mallette éducative » pour le premier « envol » de 2010 et pour le second de 2020. Celle-ci comporte principalement les critères de référence, les compétences de base, les programmes de mobilité et le cadre européen des certifications. Si l’Union européenne peut « se féliciter » d’une visibilité politique nationale ou internationale grâce à ces propositions éducatives, l’équation géopolitique en la matière demeure toujours une inconnue.
Les directives anticipées des personnes atteintes d’une démence de type Alzheimer : comment faire pour bien faire?
Authors: Perreault Line 
Published: April 2018

La loi sur les soins de fin de vie est effective au Québec depuis quelques semaines. Cette loi prévoit la création d’un régime de directives médicales anticipées. Le respect des directives anticipées (DA) émises en prévision d’une inaptitude s’avère un moyen éthique bienfaisant d’assurer l’autodétermination du malade dans un contexte où l’inaptitude des personnes est totale et de courte durée (ex. : cancer en phase terminale). Mais qu’en est-il lorsque la perte des habiletés décisionnelles est graduelle et échelonnée sur une longue période de temps comme c’est le cas des personnes atteintes d’une démence de type Alzheimer (DTA)? Bien que la déchéance cognitive associée à la DTA rend légitime le recours aux DA pour favoriser l’autodétermination de ces personnes, se fier uniquement à des souhaits émis verbalement ou par écrit à ses proches ou à son médecin pour orienter les soins est une démarche apparaissant éthiquement risquée. Une révision de la littérature rattachée aux DA, l’étude des particularités cliniques associées à la DTA et l’analyse critique d’un cas clinique fictif, nous permettent d’énoncer la nécessité du développement d’une approche graduelle de revalidation des ententes qui tient compte des DA de la personne souffrant d’une DTA, tout en pondérant ses souhaits à son opinion en temps réel, sa qualité de vie actuelle et celle de son soignant. Le déploiement bienfaisant des DA repose sur la capacité des acteurs impliqués à considérer cette démarche comme un processus de revalidation des ententes. Ce changement nécessaire de paradigme assure que l’actualisation de l’autodétermination des personnes atteintes d’une DTA ne se fasse pas au détriment de leur dignité, leur sécurité et leur intégrité. Une telle approche demeure à développer et à promouvoir pour les personnes atteintes d’une DTA au Québec. Des politiques de santé en ce sens et des repères normatifs spécifiques à cette clientèle doivent être rapidement mis de l’avant dans le contexte où le Québec associe le développement d’un régime de « directives médicales anticipées » à la Loi sur les soins de fin de vie.