bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Predictive Visual Analytics Evaluation Approach Based on Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System
Authors: Amri Saber , Ltifi Hela , Ben Ayed Mounir 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The evaluation of visual analytics (VA) is a challenging field enabling analysts to get insight into diverse data types and formats. It aims at understanding events described by data and supporting the knowledge discovery process by integrating different data analysis methods. Recently, the evolution of intelligent decision support systems has enabled the inductive and predictive approaches of data analysis to make important decisions faster with a higher level of confidence and lower uncertainty. This paper introduces a new and intelligent evaluation method of VA that understands the users’ work as well as the features of their environments including vagueness, uncertainty and ambiguity due to workload. To this end, we apply an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to get quantitative and qualitative measures and determine the lowest evaluation score with better approximation. By combining fuzzy logic, used to deal with the inaccuracies and uncertainty problems during the evaluation process, and neural network, used to solve the problem of continuous changes in assessment environments with the delivery of adaptive learning content. By using the ANFIS approach that allows accurate prediction of evaluation scores, the proposed method seems more efficient compared to the recent evaluation methodology.
Adaptation strategies of coastal fishing communities as species shift poleward
Authors: Young Talia , Fuller Emma C , Provost Mikaela M , Coleman Kaycee E , St. Martin Kevin , McCay Bonnie J , Pinsky Malin L 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In this period of environmental change, understanding how resource users respond to such changes is critical for effective resource management and adaptation planning. Extensive work has focused on natural resource responses to environmental changes, but less has examined the response of resource users to such changes. We used an interdisciplinary approach to analyse changes in resource use among commercial trawl fishing communities in the northwest Atlantic, a region that has shown poleward shifts in harvested fish species. We found substantial community-level changes in fishing patterns since 1996: southern trawl fleets of larger vessels with low catch diversity fished up to 400 km further north, while trawl fleets of smaller vessels with low catch diversity shrank or disappeared from the data set over time. In contrast, trawl fleets (of both large and small vessels) with higher catch diversity neither changed fishing location dramatically or nor disappeared as often from the data set. This analysis suggests that catch diversity and high mobility may buffer fishing communities from effects of environmental change. Particularly in times of rapid and uncertain change, constructing diverse portfolios and allowing for fleet mobility may represent effective adaptation strategies.
Do I Look and Sound Religious? Interviewer Religious Appearance and Attitude Effects on Respondents’ Answers
Authors: Mneimneh Zeina N , de Jong Julie , Cibelli Hibben Kristen , Moaddel Mansoor 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Research has shown that interviewers can significantly affect survey respondents’ reported attitudes and behaviors. Several interviewer characteristics have been found to partially explain variation in respondents’ answers across interviewers, particularly when questions are related to interviewers’ observable characteristics such as gender, race, and age. However, less is known about if and how interviewers’ religious appearance and religious attitudes affect survey responses and, more specifically, reports about religious attitudes. Collecting accurate information on religious attitudes is important, given the sensitivity of this information across the globe and the growing interest in understanding religious perceptions and misconceptions. This paper is the first to investigate (a) the independent effects and the interplay between interviewers’ religious veil status and interviewers’ religious attitudes on respondents’ reported religious attitudes and (b) the magnitude of the interviewer variance explained by interviewers’ religious characteristics. The data comes from a nationally representative survey of religious and political attitudes in Tunisia carried out in 2013. Data from the survey also includes information about interviewers’ characteristics (including veil status for females) and interviewers’ own religious attitudes based on their responses to the same survey questions asked of respondents. Results showed that respondents interviewed by veiled female interviewers reported greater religiosity than respondents interviewed by unveiled female interviewers. Equally important were interviewers’ religious attitudes, which also independently affected the corresponding attitudes of respondents and explained a substantial percentage of the between-interviewer variance for several outcomes. The effect of interviewers’ attitudes on respondents’ attitudes was not stronger among veiled interviewers. Our investigation also revealed that the effect of interviewers’ attitudes on respondents’ reported attitudes operated somewhat differently for male and female respondents depending on the specific survey items. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanism(s) underlying these effects.
Alterations of peritoneal transport characteristics in dialysis patients with ultrafiltration failure: tissue and capillary components
Authors: Stachowska-Pietka Joanna , Poleszczuk Jan , Flessner Michael F , Lindholm Bengt , Waniewski Jacek 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundUltrafiltration failure (UFF) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is due to altered peritoneal transport properties leading to reduced capacity to remove excess water. Here, with the aim to establish the role of local alterations of the two major transport barriers, peritoneal tissue and capillary wall, we investigate changes in overall peritoneal transport characteristics in UFF patients in relation to corresponding local alterations of peritoneal tissue and capillary wall transport properties.MethodsSix-hour dwell studies using 3.86% glucose solutions and radioisotopically labelled serum albumin added to dialysate as a volume marker were analysed in 31 continuous ambulatory PD patients, 20 with normal ultrafiltration (NUF) and 11 with UFF. For each patient, the physiologically based parameters were evaluated for both transport barriers using the spatially distributed approach based on the individual intraperitoneal profiles of volume and concentrations of glucose, sodium, urea and creatinine.ResultsUFF patients as compared with NUF patients had increased solute diffusivity in both barriers, peritoneal tissue and capillary wall, decreased tissue hydraulic conductivity and increased local lymphatic absorption and functional decrease in the fraction of the ultra-small pores. This resulted in altered distribution of fluid and solutes in the peritoneal tissue, and decreased penetration depths of fluid and solutes into the tissue in UFF patients.ConclusionsMathematical modelling using a spatially distributed approach for the description of clinical data suggests that alterations both in the capillary wall and in the tissue barrier contribute to UFF through their effect on transport and distribution of solutes and fluid within the tissue.
Treatment Strategy of a Patient With a Brain Arteriovenous Malformation and Cranial Dural Fistula: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Sattur Mithun G , Abi-Aad Karl R , Tian Fucheng , Welz Matthew E , Anderies Barrett , Bendok Bernard R 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
We present the case of a 56-yr-old right-handed male, after informed consent was obtained, who presented with acute confusion and agitation, on the background of a remote history of an uncomplicated resection of a left parietal grade 2 glioma. Imaging revealed a large, acute right temporal intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Standard vascular workup for the cause of the ICH included catheter angiography. No direct cause of the hemorrhage was revealed; however, a high grade parasagittal dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) with cortical venous reflux was noted close to the prior craniotomy site. The venous reflux was towards the left hemisphere, but it was hypothesized that similar reflux on the right side may have been present and was not presently evident due to thrombosis. The DAVF was embolized by endovascular means, followed by evacuation of the hematoma. Follow-up angiogram 7 mo later revealed a high-flow, right superior temporal cortical arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The DAVF unfortunately had also progressed. Endovascular occlusion of both lesions was attempted but was not successful. Subsequently, microsurgical resection for both the vascular malformations was performed with careful pre- and intraoperative planning to obtain a successful clinical and angiographic result. In this video, we summarize diagnostic and therapeutic nuances that have broad implications for the workup of ICH and the strategic management of a unique scenario involving a brain AVM and high-grade cranial dural fistula in the same patient. Prior to each procedure, informed consent was obtained from the patient, which includes consent for publication.
Archival Legal History
Authors: Mawani Renisa 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Archives and historical records are central to histories of law and legality. Themes and debates in legal history have been shaped, and in some cases even determined by the availability of and access to archival sources. Despite growing critiques of archives as partial, incomplete, and uneven sites of power/ knowledge, ‘the archive’ continues to operate as a site of retrieval and recuperation in legal history. This chapter builds on and expands the author’s earlier work on ‘law’s archive’. which explored how law writes its authority and legitimacy through a double logic of violence: the violence of law and the violence of the archive. In this chapter, this argument is reconsidered through the ocean as legal archive. Oceans productively materialize the tensions between what can be known and unknown of the past. They invite other artefacts, imaginaries, and possibilities for writing legal history, especially those of transatlantic slavery.
Blackstone
Authors: Orth John V. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Sir William Blackstone (1723–1780), the author of the most important book in the history of the common law. The four-volume Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765–1769) and the series of lectures Blackstone delivered at Oxford from 1753, changed the way lawyers thought about the law. Blackstone’s Commentaries were read by more people, non-lawyers as well as lawyers, than any other English law book. Their influence is difficult to overstate, and extends into the twenty-first century. Almost as momentous was Blackstone’s influence on legal education. While gradual, the transfer of legal education from the law office and the courts to the university, which Blackstone pioneered, had an enormous impact on legal development, as law professors contributed to the formation of generations of lawyers and themselves came to play a significant role in legal development.
Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832)
Authors: Schofield Philip 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses the thought and works of Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832). Since the late 1960s Bentham scholarship has been driven by the appearance of volumes in the new authoritative edition of The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham, prepared by the Bentham Project under the supervision of University College London’s Bentham Committee. The thirty-third volume in the edition, entitled Preparatory Principles, was published in December 2016. Bentham was the pre-eminent representative of the Enlightenment. He was the founder of the doctrine of classical utilitarianism, which remains one of the main strands in liberal moral philosophy; he set the parameters for the modern discipline of jurisprudence by distinguishing law as it is from law as it ought to be; his commentary on the French Declaration of Rights of 1789 constitutes a devastating attack on the philosophy of natural rights, and hence on that of human rights.
Historical Jurisprudence
Authors: Reimann Mathias 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Historical jurisprudence first arose in the German romantic era in the early nineteenth century and lasted until it was gradually superseded by the sociological turn in legal thought between the 1880s and the First World War. There were some notable publications even after 1914, but they were an aftermath, mostly collecting or reprinting earlier work. By 1920, historical jurisprudence was legal history. This chapter first looks at historical jurisprudence in its various iterations; it was not only a German, but an international phenomenon. It then describes the work done by its adherents, in particular their purposes, objects, and approaches. In addition, a proper understanding of historical jurisprudence requires recognition of its political implications. The conclusion reflects upon the legitimacy of instrumentalizing legal history for current agendas.
Legal Formalism
Authors: Lobban Michael 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter considers the era of ‘legal formalism’, which is usually taken to refer to the period in American legal thought between the 1860s and the 1920s, when a new generation of post-bellum treatise-writers and legal academics sought to discover the underlying principles of common law cases, and put them into a rational order. This period is sometimes also referred to as the era of ‘classical legal thought’. In contemporary jurisprudence, the term ‘formalism’ refers to a specific approach to adjudication and constitutional interpretation, which has its defenders as well as its critics. However, in the era under study, it was neither a term which jurists used to describe themselves, nor one which their critics used to describe them.
Legal History and The Material Turn
Authors: Johnson Tom 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter considers the implications of the ‘material turn’ in the humanities and social sciences for the study and writing of legal history. It suggests three paths forward for how legal historians might incorporate these insights into their research. These approaches are labelled as ‘categorizing’, ‘materializing’, and ‘filing’. ‘Categorizing’ refers to the possibility of redrawing ontological categories which could open up new ways of understanding law in the past. ‘Materializing’ looks at an analytical approach in which law is understood as a phenomenon composed of the material things it draws into itself. ‘Filing’ looks at the materiality of legal systems, both through their processes of record creation and their performative praxis, focusing attention on the co-constitutive nature of law and its material-bureaucratic apparatus.
Structuralist and Post-Structuralist Legal History
Authors: Desautels-Stein Justin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter begins with a discussion of postmodernism and its suggestive gestures. It then turns to the post-structuralist posture of legal history, and concludes with a summary of its structuralist rival. It argues that if we imagine postmodernism as a family of suggestions for historicizing the legal world, we can also imagine post-structuralism and structuralism as two historical postures, two ways of practising the postmodern. The post-structuralist posture, sketched through the medium of the genealogy, embraces certain postmodern anxieties, and runs with them. The structuralist posture, sketched through the medium of archaeology, is similarly receptive to the postmodern. But rather than let postmodernism run riot in a flattened and hybridized present, the structuralist posture performs rather differently. The structuralist experiences the dizzying vertigo of the genealogy, and in the midst of the free-fall, erects grand, totalizing structures of legal thought.
Sez who? Critical Legal History Without A Privileged Position
Authors: Schlegel John Henry 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Historians affiliated with Critical Legal Studies (CLS) treated their critiques of law as complete when finished, as the last thing that could be said on the subject. Why this is so is quite unclear, especially given that they regularly cited late twentieth-century scholarship that offered reasons why all groundings for thought were debatable. By not critiquing their own set of assumptions as best as they could, CLS historians created the appearance that they believed they occupied a position outside of history and interest, this at the same time that they were objecting to the implicit adoption of such a position by others. CLS scholars thus lost the possibility of strengthening their own scholarship by failing to put their own grounding assumptions under pressure. A modest examination of CLS historical work on labour law suggests how a self-critical awareness might have strengthened even the strongest of such scholarship.
Queering Law’s Empire
Authors: Minto David 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter suggests two broad and distinctive directions that could benefit the field of queer legal history. The first direction relates to the historical circumstances in which queerness presented a ‘hard case’ for those charged with making or enforcing law, sometimes strengthening their existing understandings of law and the legal system, but in other instances provoking a crisis of administration and adjudication or even a jurisprudential paradigm shift. This first direction, in other words, probes the ways in which queerness challenged the law of police officers, politicians, advocates, judges, and legal theorists, beyond law simply disciplining queerness. The second direction points to the profound gaps in queer legal history when it comes to thinking comparatively between different jurisdictions or transnationally across their bounds. It highlights how queerness in legal history might usefully be taken, and take us, beyond jurisdictional domains.
‘By The Light of The Moon’: Looking For China’s Rich Legal Tradition
Authors: Lee Tahirih V. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter begins with a brief overview of the foundations of the field of Chinese legal history. It then delves into questions of methodology and approach. Three such questions face the field now and in the near future. First, historians, law scholars, and anthropologists with their different training and bases of knowledge, ask different questions about law. Second, comparative law inextricably intertwines with Chinese legal history, and its use and abuse needs to be examined and its lessons be better learned. Third, given the sophistication for centuries of Chinese rulers’ efforts to propagate official lines about the law, it has been exceedingly difficult for scholars to pierce through it to see what was actually happening on the ground. Improvement in this will help us understand how, and the extent to which, substantive law reached the population during different periods of China’s history.
Indian Law
Authors: Sharafi Mitra 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter considers what the future holds for the field of Indian legal history, which has burgeoned since the late 1990s. It explores opportunities for methodological innovation through digital history, oral history, and collaboration between scholars. These approaches promise to counterbalance certain patterns that have developed to date, particularly the heavy reliance on written English-language records from the colonial period. It suggests that the future of Indian legal history looks bright, particularly if scholars are willing to experiment and re-tool. By working together, turning outward, and acquiring the skills to engage with new media and techniques, scholars can continue to re-imagine and re-invigorate the field of Indian legal history.
Cultural Genocide
Authors: Bilsky Leora , Klagsbrun Rachel 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter attempts to depict in broad brushstrokes the development of the term ‘cultural genocide’, its connection to the term ‘genocide’, and what this can teach us about the relationship between law and history. The puzzle that the crime of genocide posits, in a nutshell, is this: how is it that a crime that was originally designed to deal with a new historical occurrence—a systemic attempt to completely erase a cultural group—turned from an encompassing concept of genocide to one limited to its physical and biological aspects? How was the cultural essence of genocide reduced to attack on ‘cultural heritage’ and then detached from the international crime of genocide and relegated to human rights and minority law under the control of nation-states?
Femininities and Masculinities
Authors: Strange Carolyn 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter first reviews the foundational works and thinking that put the criminal legal history of gender on the academic map, setting an ambitious research agenda that remains inspirational. The second section explores the topic of fatal femininities and masculinities by considering how feminist scholars and masculinity researchers have shaped our analysis of men and women who murder intimates. The third section examines how historians, beginning in the 1970s, came to consider the enduring and historically variable contexts of the crime’s perpetration, policing, and punishment. The last section discusses American exceptionalism—among Western advanced democracies the most murderous, and the nation in which race is held out to explain its unique history of rape. The conclusion identifies the challenges that remain and the need to review researchers’ reliance on the now-standard intersectional model of gender analysis.
Legal History as Legal Scholarship
Authors: Dubber Markus D. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter outlines an approach to legal history that regards historical analysis as one mode of critical analysis of law, along with other modes of ‘interdisciplinary’ analysis (economical, philosophical, sociological, literary, etc.) and ‘doctrinal’ analysis. In this way, legal history plays a key role in the general effort to move beyond the long-standing and rhetorically useful, but ultimately unproductive, distinction between ‘modern’ and ‘traditional’ legal scholarship, and that between ‘common law’ and ‘civil law’ scholarship. According to this view of legal history, it is a mode of jurisprudence rather than a subspeciality of law or a form of applied history.
The Intellectual History of Law
Authors: Likhovski Assaf 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
This chapter discusses ten historiographical trends that characterize many recent works written by intellectual historians of law. It also discusses some future directions of research that should be pursued in the coming decades. It focuses on histories dealing with western law in the modern era, but also considers works on non-western legal systems and pre-modern periods. The chapter begins by discussing five general historiographical trends and their implications for the intellectual history of law (i.e., space, time, political relevance, non-traditional sources to reconstruct the past, and the digital revolution). It then focuses on five trends that are more specific to intellectual history and discusses their relevance to the intellectual history of law (i.e., individuals, communities, and networks of knowledge; conceptual history, sites of knowledge-production and dissemination, non-traditional legal fields, and exploring law’s boundaries).