bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substantial Increase in Heat Wave Risks in China in a Future Warmer World
Authors: Sun Ying , Hu Ting , Zhang Xuebin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIncreases in the frequency and intensity of heat waves have serious impacts on human health, agriculture, energy and infrastructure. Here we use three simple metrics including the number of heat wave days, the length of heat wave season, and the annual hottest day temperature to characterize future changes in heat wave severity in China, based on large ensemble simulations conducted with the Canadian Earth System Model Version 2 (CanESM2) in the context of emergency preparedness. A heat wave day is defined as a day with daily maximum temperature reaching heat alert level (35 °C). We find that global warming is associated with more severe heat waves including more heat wave days, longer heat wave season and higher hottest day temperature, and expansion of regions impacted by heat waves. While the increase in the magnitude of extremes in heat wave metrics with global warming level is close to linear, the increase in the frequency of extremes is much faster. For example, the historically hottest summer in 2013 in Eastern China, which occurs about one in 5 years in the 2013 climate, is projected to become more frequent than one in 2 years under 1.5 °C global warming and almost every year would be worse than 2013 under 2 °C warming. Additionally, the increase in the frequency of the extreme events is larger for rarer extremes. The frequencies for once‐in‐5‐year, once‐in‐10‐year, and once‐in‐50‐year events increase by 2.5, 3.5, and 5.5 times under 1.5 °C global warming, respectively.
Tracking Water‐Rock Interaction at the Atlantis Massif (MAR, 30°N) Using Sulfur Geochemistry
Authors: Liebmann J. , Schwarzenbach E. M. , Früh‐Green G. L. , Boschi C. , Rouméjon S. , Strauss H. , Wiechert U. , John T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHydrothermal alteration and serpentinization of ultramafic rocks at oceanic core complexes involve extensive element exchange between fluid and rock and a wide range of biogeochemical processes. These processes influence the global sulfur cycle due to both biogenic and abiogenic removal of seawater sulfate. Hence, ocean floor serpentinization connects the hydrosphere, biosphere, and lithosphere. This work presents a study of the sulfur geochemistry of highly altered mafic and ultramafic samples from the Atlantis Massif located at 30°N along the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. The analyzed samples were drilled during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 357 and collected during Alvin dives in 2000, 2003, and 2005. Multiple sulfur isotope analyses of sulfide and sulfate phases indicate that several processes took place during progressive hydrothermal alteration: (1) incorporation of seawater sulfate, (2) thermochemical sulfate reduction during interaction with high‐temperature (high‐T; 350–400 °C), low‐pH fluids and input of H2S derived from leaching gabbroic intrusions, (3) microbial sulfate reduction, and (4) oxidation of sulfides at high water‐rock ratios. Petrological examinations show that high‐T fluids mostly postdated the bulk serpentinization and that these fluid pulses were relatively localized (<1 dm scale) resulting in a highly heterogeneous mineralogy. Locally, high‐T fluid influx took place subsequent to microbial sulfate reduction and oxidation as indicated by geochemical modeling. Overall, this study documents the complex interplay of magmatic processes, fluid‐rock interaction, and microbial activity that take place during the formation of oceanic core complexes and where mantle rocks are exposed to seawater.
An Observationally Based Evaluation of Subgrid Scale Ice Thickness Distributions Simulated in a Large‐Scale Sea Ice‐Ocean Model of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Ungermann Mischa , Losch Martin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA key parameterization in sea ice models describes the subgrid scale ice thickness distribution. Based on only a few observations, the ice thickness distribution model was shown to be consistent with field data and to improve the simulation's large‐scale properties. The available submarine and airborne observations enable to evaluate in greater detail the ability of a pan‐Arctic sea ice‐ocean model with an ice thickness distribution parameterization to reproduce observed thickness distributions in different regions and seasons. Many observations are reproduced accurately. Some cases of poorly simulated modes and tails of the distributions are tentatively attributed to simplified thermodynamics and inaccurate deformation fields. Variability on decadal timescales, however, is generally underestimated. Thickness distributions in individual grid cells of the model show similar differences between regions and seasons as observed regional mean distributions, but the modeled grid‐scale variability is lower than observed. Simulated modal thicknesses of first‐year ice are only insufficiently different from those of multiyear ice. The modal thickness proves to be a useful metric for quantifying model biases in both dynamics and thermodynamics. In addition to improving basin‐wide mean variables, the ice thickness distribution parameterization provides reliable and valuable additional subgrid scale data. At the same time the low climate sensitivity of the parameterization may affect longer simulations with strong climate change aspects.
Modulation of the ENSO on Winter Aerosol Pollution in the Eastern Region of China
Authors: Sun Jiaren , Li Haiyan , Zhang Wenjun , Li Tairu , Zhao Wei , Zuo Zhiyan , Guo Shu , Wu Dui , Fan Shaojia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe modulation of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on winter aerosol pollution (WAP) in the eastern region of China (ERC) was investigated from a climatological perspective. The results show that the weakened East Asian winter monsoon during El Niño events has an important influence on increased WAP in ERC, especially over northern China. The enhancement of the East Asian winter monsoon related to La Niña events reduces WAP in northeast, east, and south China but increases it in central and western China. Compared to northern China, anomalies in dynamic and thermodynamic conditions related to ENSO lead to more uncertainties in its effect on aerosol pollution over southern China. El Niño (La Niña) events tend to cause southwesterly (northeasterly) wind anomalies in winter southern China, along with the blocking effect of Nanling Mountains on southward (northward) air pollution, which is not (is) beneficial for the transport outside or dilution in local aerosols over southern China. Meanwhile, positive (negative) water vapor convergence and rainfall anomalies caused by El Niño (La Niña) are (are not) beneficial for the local removal of aerosols. The dominance of both factors determines the ENSO modulation on aerosols over southern China. An atmospheric global climate model largely reproduces the observed findings. Consistent with the observation, El Niño events exacerbate WAP in most of ERC, whereas La Niña ones reduce it except for western China.
Decoupling of Two Closely Located Dipole Antennas by a Split‐Loop Resonator
Authors: Sharifian Mazraeh Mollaei M. , Hurshkainen A. , Kurdjumov S. , Glybovski S. , Simovski Constantin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we theoretically and experimentally prove the possibility of the passive electromagnetic decoupling for two parallel resonant dipoles by a split‐loop resonator having the resonance band overlapping with that of the active dipoles. We show that the replacement of the decoupling dipole suggested in the literature as a tool for decoupling of two closely located dipole antennas by our split‐loop resonator results in the twofold enlargement of the operation band.
Hydrologic Observation, Model, and Theory Congruence on Evapotranspiration Variance: Diagnosis of Multiple Observations and Land Surface Models
Authors: Zeng Ruijie , Cai Ximing 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper reconciles the state‐of‐the‐art observations and simulations of evapotranspiration (ET) temporal variability through a diagnostic framework composed of an observation‐model‐theory triplet. Specifically, a confirmed theoretical tool, Evapotranspiration Temporal VARiance Decomposition (EVARD), is used as a benchmark to estimate ET monthly variance (
) across the contiguous United States (CONUS) with inputs including hydroclimatic observations, Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment‐based terrestrial water storage, four observation‐based products (ETRSUW by the University of Washington, ETRSMOD16 from MOD16 Global Terrestrial ET Data Set, ETFLUXNET upscaled from of fluxtower observations, and ETGLEAM from Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model), and four operational land surface models (LSMs: MOSAIC, NOAH, NOAH‐MP, and VIC). Five experiments are systematically designed to evaluate and diagnose possible errors and uncertainties in ET temporal variance estimated by the four observation‐based ET products and the four LSM simulations. Based on the results of these experiments, the following diagnostic hypotheses regarding the uncertainty of the observation‐based ET products are illustrated: ETRSUW captures the high
signals in the Midwest with negligible bias and moderate uncertainty over the contiguous United States; ETFLUXNET systematically underestimates
over CONUS but with the lowest level of uncertainty; ETRSMOD16 has medium bias with the highest level of uncertainty, and the spatial distribution of high
signal from ETRSMOD16 is different from other estimates; ETGLEAM has slight negative bias and medium uncertainty, and
in the West Coast is smaller than that from ETVARD. Regarding the LSMs, it is found that any of the four LSMs can be the best depending on a certain set of reference observations. The study reveals that LSMs have shown a reasonably worthy, though not perfect, capability in estimating ET and its variability in regions/aquifers with limited human interference. However, RS‐based observations and theoretical estimates suggest that all the four LSMs examined in this study are not able to accurately predict the ET variability in regions/aquifers heavily influenced by human activities like Central Valley and High Plains aquifers; they all underestimate ET variability along the West Coast due to seasonal vegetation responses to Mediterranean climate and human water use. In addition, LSMs underestimate intraannual ET variance in California and the High Plains with underestimated terrestrial storage change components in ET variance, due to the inappropriate representation of groundwater pumping and its impact on ET and other hydrologic processes. This paper urges advancing hydrologic knowledge by finding congruence among models, data, and theories.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Periostin secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes cancer stemness in head and neck cancer by activating protein tyrosine kinase 7
Authors: Yu Binbin , Wu Kailiu , Wang Xu , Zhang Jianjun , Wang Lizhen , Jiang Yingying , Zhu Xueqin , Chen Wantao , Yan Ming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProtein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in cancer stemness, respectively. However, little is known about interaction between CAFs and PTK7 in cancers. In this study, we showed that PTK7 was significantly correlated with the Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and aggressive clinicopathologic features in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Meanwhile, animal experiments showed that PTK7 enhanced chemoresistance and lung metastasis of HNSCC in vivo. In addition, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay demonstrated that POSTN secreted by CAFs was a potential upstream ligand of PTK7 which might act as a receptor. Further analysis revealed that POSTN promoted the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype via PTK7–Wnt/β-Catenin signaling, including the proliferation and invasion of HNSCC cells in vitro, as well as tumor initiation and progression in vivo. Collectively, our study proved that CAF-derived POSTN might promote cancer stemness via interacting with PTK7 in HNSCC, suggesting that the combination of POSTN and PTK7 might be a potential prognostic and diagnostic indicator and a promising therapeutic target.
Enhanced mRNA FISH with compact quantum dots
Authors: Liu Yang , Le Phuong , Lim Sung Jun , Ma Liang , Sarkar Suresh , Han Zhiyuan , Murphy Stephen J. , Kosari Farhad , Vasmatzis George , Cheville John C. , Smith Andrew M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the primary technology used to image and count mRNA in single cells, but applications of the technique are limited by photophysical shortcomings of organic dyes. Inorganic quantum dots (QDs) can overcome these problems but years of development have not yielded viable QD-FISH probes. Here we report that macromolecular size thresholds limit mRNA labeling in cells, and that a new generation of compact QDs produces accurate mRNA counts. Compared with dyes, compact QD probes provide exceptional photostability and more robust transcript quantification due to enhanced brightness. New spectrally engineered QDs also allow quantification of multiple distinct mRNA transcripts at the single-molecule level in individual cells. We expect that QD-FISH will particularly benefit high-resolution gene expression studies in three dimensional biological specimens for which quantification and multiplexing are major challenges.
Identifying long-term stable refugia for relict plant species in East Asia
Authors: Tang Cindy Q. , Matsui Tetsuya , Ohashi Haruka , Dong Yi-Fei , Momohara Arata , Herrando-Moraira Sonia , Qian Shenhua , Yang Yongchuan , Ohsawa Masahiko , Luu Hong Truong , Grote Paul J. , Krestov Pavel V. , Ben LePage  , Werger Marinus , Robertson Kevin , Hobohm Carsten , Wang Chong-Yun , Peng Ming-Chun , Chen Xi , Wang Huan-Chong , Su Wen-Hua , Zhou Rui , Li Shuaifeng , He Long-Yuan , Yan Kai , Zhu Ming-Yuan , Hu Jun , Yang Ruo-Han , Li Wang-Jun , Tomita Mizuki , Wu Zhao-Lu , Yan Hai-Zhong , Zhang Guang-Fei , He Hai , Yi Si-Rong , Gong Hede , Song Kun , Song Ding , Li Xiao-Shuang , Zhang Zhi-Ying , Han Peng-Bin , Shen Li-Qin , Huang Diao-Shun , Luo Kang , López-Pujol Jordi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractToday East Asia harbors many “relict” plant species whose ranges were much larger during the Paleogene-Neogene and earlier. The ecological and climatic conditions suitable for these relict species have not been identified. Here, we map the abundance and distribution patterns of relict species, showing high abundance in the humid subtropical/warm-temperate forest regions. We further use Ecological Niche Modeling to show that these patterns align with maps of climate refugia, and we predict species’ chances of persistence given the future climatic changes expected for East Asia. By 2070, potentially suitable areas with high richness of relict species will decrease, although the areas as a whole will probably expand. We identify areas in southwestern China and northern Vietnam as long-term climatically stable refugia likely to preserve ancient lineages, highlighting areas that could be prioritized for conservation of such species.
Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase 1 is essential for HIF-1α stabilization and TNBC chemoresistance
Authors: Xiong Gaofeng , Stewart Rachel L. , Chen Jie , Gao Tianyan , Scott Timothy L. , Samayoa Luis M. , O’Connor Kathleen , Lane Andrew N. , Xu Ren 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCollagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) expression and collagen hydroxylation in cancer cells are necessary for breast cancer progression. Here, we show that P4H alpha 1 subunit (P4HA1) protein expression is induced in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and HER2 positive breast cancer. By modulating alpha ketoglutarate (α-KG) and succinate levels P4HA1 expression reduces proline hydroxylation on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α, enhancing its stability in cancer cells. Activation of the P4HA/HIF-1 axis enhances cancer cell stemness, accompanied by decreased oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Inhibition of P4HA1 sensitizes TNBC to the chemotherapeutic agent docetaxel and doxorubicin in xenografts and patient-derived models. We also show that increased P4HA1 expression correlates with short relapse-free survival in TNBC patients who received chemotherapy. These results suggest that P4HA1 promotes chemoresistance by modulating HIF-1-dependent cancer cell stemness. Targeting collagen P4H is a promising strategy to inhibit tumor progression and sensitize TNBC to chemotherapeutic agents.
Oriented electron transmission in polyoxometalate-metalloporphyrin organic framework for highly selective electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Wang Yi-Rong , Huang Qing , He Chun-Ting , Chen Yifa , Liu Jiang , Shen Feng-Cui , Lan Ya-Qian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe design of highly stable, selective and efficient electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction reaction is desirable while largely unmet. In this work, a series of precisely designed polyoxometalate-metalloporphyrin organic frameworks are developed. Noted that the integration of {ε-PMo8VMo4VIO40Zn4} cluster and metalloporphyrin endows these polyoxometalate-metalloporphyrin organic frameworks greatly advantages in terms of electron collecting and donating, electron migration and electrocatalytic active component in the CO2 reduction reaction. Thus-obtained catalysts finally present excellent performances and the mechanisms of catalysis processes are discussed and revealed by density functional theory calculations. Most importantly, Co-PMOF exhibits remarkable faradaic efficiency ( > 94%) over a wide potential range (−0.8 to −1.0 V). Its best faradaic efficiency can reach up to 99% (highest in reported metal-organic frameworks) and it exhibits a high turnover frequency of 1656 h−1 and excellent catalysis stability ( > 36 h).
Determinants of promoter and enhancer transcription directionality in metazoans
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud M. , Karabacak Aslihan , Glahs Alexander , Kolundzic Ena , Hirsekorn Antje , Carda Alexa , Tursun Baris , Zinzen Robert P. , Lacadie Scott A. , Ohler Uwe 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDivergent transcription from promoters and enhancers is pervasive in many species, but it remains unclear if it is a general feature of all eukaryotic cis regulatory elements. To address this, here we define cis regulatory elements in C. elegans, D. melanogaster and H. sapiens and investigate the determinants of their transcription directionality. In all three species, we find that divergent transcription is initiated from two separate core promoter sequences and promoter regions display competition between histone modifications on the + 1 and −1 nucleosomes. In contrast, promoter directionality, sequence composition surrounding promoters, and positional enrichment of chromatin states, are different across species. Integrative models of H3K4me3 levels and core promoter sequence are highly predictive of promoter and enhancer directionality and support two directional classes, skewed and balanced. The relative importance of features to these models are clearly distinct for promoters and enhancers. Differences in regulatory architecture within and between metazoans are therefore abundant, arguing against a unified eukaryotic model.
Mycoplasma genitalium adhesin P110 binds sialic-acid human receptors
Authors: Aparicio David , Torres-Puig Sergi , Ratera Mercè , Querol Enrique , Piñol Jaume , Pich Oscar Q. , Fita Ignacio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAdhesion of pathogenic bacteria to target cells is a prerequisite for colonization and further infection. The main adhesins of the emerging sexually transmitted pathogen Mycoplasma genitalium, P140 and P110, interact to form a Nap complex anchored to the cell membrane. Herein, we present the crystal structures of the extracellular region of the virulence factor P110 (916 residues) unliganded and in complex with sialic acid oligosaccharides. P110 interacts only with the neuraminic acid moiety of the oligosaccharides and experiments with human cells demonstrate that these interactions are essential for mycoplasma cytadherence. Additionally, structural information provides a deep insight of the P110 antigenic regions undergoing programmed variation to evade the host immune response. These results enlighten the interplay of M. genitalium with human target cells, offering new strategies to control mycoplasma infections.
Breaking the scaling relationship via thermally stable Pt/Cu single atom alloys for catalytic dehydrogenation
Authors: Sun Guodong , Zhao Zhi-Jian , Mu Rentao , Zha Shenjun , Li Lulu , Chen Sai , Zang Ketao , Luo Jun , Li Zhenglong , Purdy Stephen C. , Kropf A. Jeremy , Miller Jeffrey T. , Zeng Liang , Gong Jinlong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNoble-metal alloys are widely used as heterogeneous catalysts. However, due to the existence of scaling properties of adsorption energies on transition metal surfaces, the enhancement of catalytic activity is frequently accompanied by side reactions leading to a reduction in selectivity for the target product. Herein, we describe an approach to breaking the scaling relationship for propane dehydrogenation, an industrially important reaction, by assembling single atom alloys (SAAs), to achieve simultaneous enhancement of propylene selectivity and propane conversion. We synthesize γ-alumina-supported platinum/copper SAA catalysts by incipient wetness co-impregnation method with a high copper to platinum ratio. Single platinum atoms dispersed on copper nanoparticles dramatically enhance the desorption of surface-bounded propylene and prohibit its further dehydrogenation, resulting in high propylene selectivity (~90%). Unlike previous reported SAA applications at low temperatures (<400 °C), Pt/Cu SAA shows excellent stability of more than 120 h of operation under atmospheric pressure at 520 °C.
Integrated evidence reveals a new species in the ancient blue coral genus Heliopora (Octocorallia)
Authors: Richards Zoe T. , Yasuda Nina , Kikuchi Taisei , Foster Taryn , Mitsuyuki Chika , Stat Michael , Suyama Yoshihisa , Wilson Nerida G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMaintaining the accretion potential and three dimensional structure of coral reefs is a priority but reef-building scleractinian corals are highly threatened and retreating. Hence future reefs are predicted to be dominated by non-constructional taxa. Since the Late Triassic however, other non-scleractinian anthozoans such as Heliopora have contributed to tropical and subtropical reef-building. Heliopora is an ancient and highly conserved reef building octocoral genus within the monospecific Family Helioporidae, represented by a single extant species – H. coerulea, Pallas, 1766. Here we show integrated morphological, genomic and reproductive evidence to substantiate the existence of a second species within the genus Heliopora. Importantly, some individuals of the new species herein described as Heliopora hiberniana sp. nov. feature a white skeleton indicating that the most diagnostic and conserved Heliopora character (the blue skeleton) can be displaced. The new species is currently known only from offshore areas in north Western Australia, which is a part of the world where coral bleaching events have severely impacted the scleractinian community over the last two decades. Field observations indicate individuals of both H. coerulea and H. hiberniana sp. nov. were intact after the 2016 Scott Reef thermal stress event, and we discuss the possibility that bleaching resistant non-scleractinian reef builders such as Heliopora could provide new ecological opportunities for the reconfiguration of future reefs by filling empty niches and functional roles left open by the regression of scleractinian corals.