bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical Characteristics of Anatolian Basalts: Comment on “Neogene Uplift and Magmatism of Anatolia: Insights From Drainage Analysis and Basaltic Geochemistry” by McNab Et Al.
Authors: Uslular Göksu , Gençalioğlu‐Kuşcu Gonca 
Published: January 2019

AbstractData compilation for Neogene basalts in Anatolia by McNab et al. (, https://doi.or/10.1002/2017GC007251 G‐cubed) is selective and inconsistent, and it would not serve their purpose of showing how Neogene uplift and magmatism of Anatolia are related to processes within the asthenospheric mantle. The authors included not only a fraction of an extensive data set for Neogene basalts but also more evolved compositions other than basalts. Moreover, a compilation of basalt geochemistry data throughout the Anatolia based only on longitudinal division without considering different tectonic units and geodynamic processes is an unrealistic attempt. All these shortcomings result in erroneous interpretations especially for the understanding of the link between Neogene‐Quaternary volcanism and uplift in the Anatolia.
Thermal Weakening of Asperity Tips on Fault Planes at High Sliding Velocities
Authors: Sleep Norman H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractReal contacts on the scale of ~10 μm support gigapascal shear tractions and normal tractions on rapidly sliding faults. At sliding velocities above ~0.1 m/s, the asperity tips of the contacts become hot and weak. The macroscopic friction depends on the average strength of the asperity tips during their lifetimes of contact. The strength of the asperity tips does not go essentially to zero once they become weak because frictional heating would then cease and the tips would cool and strengthen. Rather, the contact retains finite strength so that frictional heating balances the heat lost from the asperity tip by conduction. Crudely, the macroscopic coefficient of friction at high sliding velocities decreases with the inverse of the square root of velocity rather than the inverse of the velocity in the widely used model of Rice (2006, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005/JB004006). Numerical thermal‐mechanical models support this inference. The finite strength of the asperity tips retards lateral extrusion of weakened material from the tips. Otherwise, extrusion would allow the sliding surfaces to converge establishing new contacts, which would renew the strength of the surface. The macroscopic coefficient of friction with somewhat weakened asperity tips remains high enough that the fault surface becomes hot on a millimeter scale in large crustal earthquakes. Fluid pressurization and eventually millimeter‐scale melting then reduce the macroscopic shear traction to lower values than does asperity tip weakening acting alone.
Long‐Term Variations in the Lithogenic Susceptibility of Chinese Eolian Deposits Since the Late Pliocene
Authors: Zan Jinbo , Fang Xiaomin , Li Xiaojing , Yan Maodu , Kang Jian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn contrast to the extensive investigation of the pedogenic magnetic component, the origin of long‐term variations in the lithogenic susceptibility of Chinese eolian deposits has rarely been investigated. In this study, we conducted a linear correlation analysis of rock magnetic parameters of representative loess‐red clay sections from the Chinese Loess Plateau. We found that lithogenic susceptibility of the deposits exhibited three dramatic increases, at ~2.75, 0.6, and 0.13 Ma. We argue that intensive erosion or physical weathering in the NE Tibetan Plateau, induced by late Pliocene global cooling and tectonic uplift, may be responsible for the increases in lithogenic susceptibility over the past 3.6 Ma. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of water‐reworked sediments deviate from the linear regression line for the eolian deposits of the Chinese Loess Plateau, suggesting that regression analysis may provide a rapid method for distinguishing between sediments of eolian and fluvial origin in the region.
Geometry of Geyser Plumbing Inferred From Ground Deformation
Authors: Ardid Alberto , Vera Emilio , Kelly Cyndi , Manga Michael , Munoz‐Saez Carolina , Maksymowicz Andrei , Ortega‐Culaciati Francisco 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBroadband seismic data were recorded on the ground surface around an exceptionally regular eruptive system, geyser El Jefe, in the El Tatio geyser field, Chile. We identify two stages in the eruption, recharge and discharge, characterized by a radial expansion and contraction, respectively, of the surface around the geyser. We model the deformation with spherical sources that vary in size, location, and pressure, constrained by pressure observations inside the conduit that are highly correlated with deformation signals. We find that in order to fit the data, the subsurface pressure sources must be laterally offset from the geyser vent during the recharge phase and that they must migrate upward toward the vent during the eruption phase. This pattern is consistent with models in which ascending fluids accumulate and then are released from a bubble trap that is horizontally offset from the shallow conduit of the geyser.
A Parameterized Model of X‐Ray Solar Flare Effects on the Lower Ionosphere and HF Propagation
Authors: Levine Edlyn V. , Sultan Peter J. , Teig Lucien J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe present a parameterized X‐ray solar flare effects model relating the physics of radiation transport to the observable impact of solar flares on low‐altitude ionospheric absorption of High Frequency (HF) signals. Tunable parameters of time‐varying flare spectral energy density and characteristic flare temperature provide a novel capability to simulate HF experiments over a wide range of X‐ray solar flare behavior. Results from our model are consistent with HF propagation data collected over a period of heightened solar flare activity during 5–7 September 2017, including M and X class solar flares. Our predictions and measurements are compared with results from D Region Absorption Prediction (Akmaev et al., 2010, https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/stp/drap/DRAP-V-Report1.pdf) and the Wait Very Low Frequency (VLF)‐driven model (Wait & Spies, 1964).
Energetic equivalence underpins the size structure of tree and phytoplankton communities
Authors: Perkins Daniel M. , Perna Andrea , Adrian Rita , Cermeño Pedro , Gaedke Ursula , Huete-Ortega Maria , White Ethan P. , Yvon-Durocher Gabriel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe size structure of autotroph communities – the relative abundance of small vs. large individuals – shapes the functioning of ecosystems. Whether common mechanisms underpin the size structure of unicellular and multicellular autotrophs is, however, unknown. Using a global data compilation, we show that individual body masses in tree and phytoplankton communities follow power-law distributions and that the average exponents of these individual size distributions (ISD) differ. Phytoplankton communities are characterized by an average ISD exponent consistent with three-quarter-power scaling of metabolism with body mass and equivalence in energy use among mass classes. Tree communities deviate from this pattern in a manner consistent with equivalence in energy use among diameter size classes. Our findings suggest that whilst universal metabolic constraints ultimately underlie the emergent size structure of autotroph communities, divergent aspects of body size (volumetric vs. linear dimensions) shape the ecological outcome of metabolic scaling in forest vs. pelagic ecosystems.
Avian UV vision enhances leaf surface contrasts in forest environments
Authors: Tedore Cynthia , Nilsson Dan-Eric 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUV vision is prevalent, but we know little about its utility in common general tasks, as in resolving habitat structure. Here we visualize vegetated habitats using a multispectral camera with channels mimicking bird photoreceptor sensitivities across the UV-visible spectrum. We find that the contrast between upper and lower leaf surfaces is higher in a UV channel than in any visible channel, and that this makes leaf position and orientation stand out clearly. This was unexpected since both leaf surfaces reflect similarly small proportions (1–2%) of incident UV light. The strong UV-contrast can be explained by downwelling light being brighter than upwelling, and leaves transmitting < 0.06% of incident UV light. We also find that mirror-like specular reflections of the sky and overlying canopy, from the waxy leaf cuticle, often dwarf diffuse reflections. Specular reflections shift leaf color, such that maximum leaf-contrast is seen at short UV wavelengths under open canopies, and at long UV wavelengths under closed canopies.
Observation of the 4π-periodic Josephson effect in indium arsenide nanowires
Authors: Laroche Dominique , Bouman Daniël , van Woerkom David J. , Proutski Alex , Murthy Chaitanya , Pikulin Dmitry I. , Nayak Chetan , van Gulik Ruben J. J. , Nygård Jesper , Krogstrup Peter , Kouwenhoven Leo P. , Geresdi Attila 
Published: January 2019

AbstractQuantum computation by non-Abelian Majorana zero modes (MZMs) offers an approach to achieve fault tolerance by encoding quantum information in the non-local charge parity states of semiconductor nanowire networks in the topological superconductor regime. Thus far, experimental studies of MZMs chiefly relied on single electron tunneling measurements, which lead to the decoherence of the quantum information stored in the MZM. As a next step towards topological quantum computation, charge parity conserving experiments based on the Josephson effect are required, which can also help exclude suggested non-topological origins of the zero bias conductance anomaly. Here we report the direct measurement of the Josephson radiation frequency in indium arsenide nanowires with epitaxial aluminium shells. We observe the 4π-periodic Josephson effect above a magnetic field of ≈200 mT, consistent with the estimated and measured topological phase transition of similar devices.
Permafrost is warming at a global scale
Authors: Biskaborn Boris K. , Smith Sharon L. , Noetzli Jeannette , Matthes Heidrun , Vieira Gonçalo , Streletskiy Dmitry A. , Schoeneich Philippe , Romanovsky Vladimir E. , Lewkowicz Antoni G. , Abramov Andrey , Allard Michel , Boike Julia , Cable William L. , Christiansen Hanne H. , Delaloye Reynald , Diekmann Bernhard , Drozdov Dmitry , Etzelmüller Bernd , Grosse Guido , Guglielmin Mauro , Ingeman-Nielsen Thomas , Isaksen Ketil , Ishikawa Mamoru , Johansson Margareta , Johannsson Halldor , Joo Anseok , Kaverin Dmitry , Kholodov Alexander , Konstantinov Pavel , Kröger Tim , Lambiel Christophe , Lanckman Jean-Pierre , Luo Dongliang , Malkova Galina , Meiklejohn Ian , Moskalenko Natalia , Oliva Marc , Phillips Marcia , Ramos Miguel , Sannel A. Britta K. , Sergeev Dmitrii , Seybold Cathy , Skryabin Pavel , Vasiliev Alexander , Wu Qingbai , Yoshikawa Kenji , Zheleznyak Mikhail , Lantuit Hugues 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPermafrost warming has the potential to amplify global climate change, because when frozen sediments thaw it unlocks soil organic carbon. Yet to date, no globally consistent assessment of permafrost temperature change has been compiled. Here we use a global data set of permafrost temperature time series from the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost to evaluate temperature change across permafrost regions for the period since the International Polar Year (2007–2009). During the reference decade between 2007 and 2016, ground temperature near the depth of zero annual amplitude in the continuous permafrost zone increased by 0.39 ± 0.15 °C. Over the same period, discontinuous permafrost warmed by 0.20 ± 0.10 °C. Permafrost in mountains warmed by 0.19 ± 0.05 °C and in Antarctica by 0.37 ± 0.10 °C. Globally, permafrost temperature increased by 0.29 ± 0.12 °C. The observed trend follows the Arctic amplification of air temperature increase in the Northern Hemisphere. In the discontinuous zone, however, ground warming occurred due to increased snow thickness while air temperature remained statistically unchanged.
Topological unification of time-reversal and particle-hole symmetries in non-Hermitian physics
Authors: Kawabata Kohei , Higashikawa Sho , Gong Zongping , Ashida Yuto , Ueda Masahito 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTopological phases are enriched in non-equilibrium open systems effectively described by non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. While several properties unique to non-Hermitian topological systems were uncovered, the fundamental role of symmetry in non-Hermitian physics has yet to be fully understood, and it has remained unclear how symmetry protects non-Hermitian topological phases. Here we show that two fundamental anti-unitary symmetries, time-reversal and particle-hole symmetries, are topologically equivalent in the complex energy plane and hence unified in non-Hermitian physics. A striking consequence of this symmetry unification is the emergence of unique non-equilibrium topological phases that have no counterparts in Hermitian systems. We illustrate this by presenting a non-Hermitian counterpart of the Majorana chain in an insulator with time-reversal symmetry and that of the quantum spin Hall insulator in a superconductor with particle-hole symmetry. Our work establishes a fundamental symmetry principle in non-Hermitian physics and paves the way towards a unified framework for non-equilibrium topological phases.
Chromosome-level assembly of the water buffalo genome surpasses human and goat genomes in sequence contiguity
Authors: Low Wai Yee , Tearle Rick , Bickhart Derek M. , Rosen Benjamin D. , Kingan Sarah B. , Swale Thomas , Thibaud-Nissen Françoise , Murphy Terence D. , Young Rachel , Lefevre Lucas , Hume David A. , Collins Andrew , Ajmone-Marsan Paolo , Smith Timothy P. L. , Williams John L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractRapid innovation in sequencing technologies and improvement in assembly algorithms have enabled the creation of highly contiguous mammalian genomes. Here we report a chromosome-level assembly of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) genome using single-molecule sequencing and chromatin conformation capture data. PacBio Sequel reads, with a mean length of 11.5 kb, helped to resolve repetitive elements and generate sequence contiguity. All five B. bubalis sub-metacentric chromosomes were correctly scaffolded with centromeres spanned. Although the index animal was partly inbred, 58% of the genome was haplotype-phased by FALCON-Unzip. This new reference genome improves the contig N50 of the previous short-read based buffalo assembly more than a thousand-fold and contains only 383 gaps. It surpasses the human and goat references in sequence contiguity and facilitates the annotation of hard to assemble gene clusters such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
Influence of free charge carrier density on the magnetic behavior of (Zn,Co)O thin film studied by Field Effect modulation of magnetotransport
Authors: Bellingeri E. , Rusponi S. , Lehnert A. , Brune H. , Nolting F. , Leveratto A. , Plaza A. , Marré D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe origin of (ferro)magnetic ordering in transition metal doped ZnO is a still open question. For applications it is fundamental to establish if it arises from magnetically ordered impurity clusters embedded into the semiconducting matrix or if it originates from ordering of magnetic ions dilute into the host lattice. In this latter case, a reciprocal effect of the magnetic exchange on the charge carriers is expected, offering many possibilities for spintronics applications. In this paper we report on the relationship between magnetic properties and free charge density investigated by using Zinc oxide based field effect transistors, in which the charge carrier density is modulated by more than 4 order of magnitude, from 1016 to 1020 e−/cm3. The magnetotransport properties are employed to probe the magnetic status of the channel both in pure and cobalt doped zinc oxide transistors. We find that it is widely possible to control the magnetic scattering rates by field effect. We believe that this finding is a consequence of the modulation of magnetization and carrier spin polarization by the electric field. The observed effects can be explained by the change in size of bound magnetic polarons that induces a percolation magnetic ordering in the sample.
Early Triassic marine reptile representing the oldest record of unusually small eyes in reptiles indicating non-visual prey detection
Authors: Cheng Long , Motani Ryosuke , Jiang Da-yong , Yan Chun-bo , Tintori Andrea , Rieppel Olivier 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) led to reorganization of marine predatory communities, through introduction of air-breathing top predators, such as marine reptiles. We report two new specimens of one such marine reptile, Eretmorhipis carrolldongi, from the Lower Triassic of Hubei, China, revealing superficial convergence with the modern duckbilled platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), a monotreme mammal. Apparent similarities include exceptionally small eyes relative to the body, snout ending with crura with a large internasal space, housing a bone reminiscent of os paradoxum, a mysterious bone of platypus, and external grooves along the crura. The specimens also have a rigid body with triangular bony blades protruding from the back. The small eyes likely played reduced roles during foraging in this animal, as with extant amniotes (group containing mammals and reptiles) with similarly small eyes. Mechanoreceptors on the bill of the animal were probably used for prey detection instead. The specimens represent the oldest record of amniotes with extremely reduced visual capacity, utilizing non-visual cues for prey detection. The discovery reveals that the ecological diversity of marine predators was already high in the late Early Triassic, and challenges the traditional view that the ecological diversification of marine reptiles was delayed following the EPME.
B, N-dual doped sisal-based multiscale porous carbon for high-rate supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Heng , Yuan Wenyu , Zhao Yingxin , Han Daoyang , Yuan Xiaowen , Cheng Laifei 
Published: January 2019

B, N dual-doped sisal-based activated carbon (BN-SAC) with a multiscale porous structure for high-rate supercapacitor electrode was prepared through a novel and facile strategy.
Serum profile of cytokines and their genetic variants in metabolic syndrome and healthy subjects: a comparative study
Authors: Zafar Uzma , Khaliq Saba , Ahmad Hafiz Usman , Lone Khalid Pervaiz 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAim: To identify genetic variants in promoter areas of IL-6 -174 G&gt;C and TNF-α -308 G&gt;A in metabolic syndrome (Met S) and controls and associate them with Met S and serum cytokine levels.It was a cross-sectional study, including 224 cases of Met S and 200 controls. A fasting blood sample was taken and biochemical parameters including serum glucose, insulin, lipid profile, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were measured. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to identify the genetic variants of IL-6 and TNF-α. Serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α and insulin resistance were significantly higher in cases than the controls. IL-6 showed significant positive correlation with HOMA-IR and TNF-α. CC genotype of IL-6 was associated with the increased risk of Met S (P=0.016, OR for CC vs GC+GG = 2.33, CI: 1.15–4.71). There was no significant difference of TNF-α genotypes between the cases and the controls. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in AA and CC genotypes of TNF-α (-308 G&gt;A) and IL-6 (-174 G&gt;C) as compared with the GG (P=0.00 and P=0.001). Significant correlation of IL-6 with TNF-α and insulin resistance was observed that may provide us a therapeutic target for preventing metabolic derangements from insulin resistance.
Association of IL-6, IL-8, MMP-13 gene polymorphisms with knee osteoarthritis susceptibility in the Chinese Han population
Authors: Sun Gang , Ba Cheng-Lei , Gao Ren , Liu Wenqing , Ji Qiang 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Objective: To identify the association between the interleukin (IL) 6 (IL-6) rs1800795 (-174 G&gt;C), IL-8 rs4073 (-251T&gt;A), and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) rs2252070 (-77G&gt;A) gene polymorphisms and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from a total of 400 KOA patients and 400 healthy subjects. Sanger sequencing was performed to determine the genotypes of the IL-6 rs1800795 (-174 G/C), IL-8 rs4073 (-251A/T), and MMP-13 rs2252070 (-77A/G) loci. The mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-13 in osteoblasts and the protein expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-13 in the synovial fluids of KOA patients were analyzed. Results: The recessive model of IL-6 rs1800795 locus was found to be associated with KOA risk (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.657, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.396–1.866, P&lt;0.001). The IL-8 rs4073 locus dominant and recessive model showed no significant association with KOA risk (P&gt;0.05). The dominant and recessive models of the MMP-13 rs2252070 locus showed higher risk for developing KOA (dominant model: adjusted OR = 1.271, 95%CI = 1.095–1.480, P=0.001; recessive model: adjusted OR = 1.361 95%CI = 1.151–1.569, P&lt;0.001). The G&gt;C mutation in IL-6 rs1800795 and the G&gt;A mutation in MMP-13 rs2252070 were associated with significantly higher KOA disease severity. The G&gt;C mutation in the IL-6 rs1800795 locus was associated with up-regulation of IL-6 expression. The G&gt;A mutation in the MMP-13 rs2252070 locus was associated with up-regulation of MMP-13 expression. Conclusion: The IL-8 rs4073 (-251T&gt;A) mutation was not associated with KOA susceptibility. The IL-6 rs1800795 (-174 G&gt;C) and MMP-13 rs2252070 (-77G&gt;A) mutations were associated with KOA susceptibility, increased disease severity, and up-regulation of IL-6 and MMP-13 expression levels.
ADAM8 in invasive cancers: links to tumor progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance
Authors: Conrad Catharina , Benzel Julia , Dorzweiler Kristina , Cook Lena , Schlomann Uwe , Zarbock Alexander , Slater Emily P. , Nimsky Christopher , Bartsch Jörg W. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Ectodomain shedding of extracellular and membrane proteins is of fundamental importance for cell–cell communication in neoplasias. A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteases constitute a family of multifunctional, membrane-bound proteins with traditional sheddase functions. Their protumorigenic potential has been attributed to both, essential (ADAM10 and ADAM17) and ‘dispensable’ ADAM proteases (ADAM8, 9, 12, 15, and 19). Of specific interest in this review is the ADAM proteinase ADAM8 that has been identified as a significant player in aggressive malignancies including breast, pancreatic, and brain cancer. High expression levels of ADAM8 are associated with invasiveness and predict a poor patient outcome, indicating a prognostic and diagnostic potential of ADAM8. Current knowledge of substrates and interaction partners gave rise to the hypothesis that ADAM8 dysregulation affects diverse processes in tumor biology, attributable to different functional cores of the multidomain enzyme. Proteolytic degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, cleavage of cell surface proteins, and subsequent release of soluble ectodomains promote cancer progression via induction of angiogenesis and metastasis. Moreover, there is increasing evidence for significance of a non-proteolytic function of ADAM8. With the disintegrin (DIS) domain ADAM8 binds integrins such as β1 integrin, thereby activating integrin signaling pathways. The cytoplasmic domain is critical for that activation and involves focal adhesion kinase (FAK), extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2), and protein kinase B (AKT/PKB) signaling, further contributing to cancer progression and mediating chemoresistance against first-line therapies. This review highlights the remarkable effects of ADAM8 in tumor biology, concluding that pharmacological inhibition of ADAM8 represents a promising therapeutic approach not only for monotherapy, but also for combinatorial therapies.