bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal T Cell Activation in the Amniotic Cavity during Preterm Labor: A Potential Mechanism for a Subset of Idiopathic Preterm Birth
Authors: Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Romero Roberto , Xu Yi , Miller Derek , Arenas-Hernandez Marcia , Garcia-Flores Valeria , Panaitescu Bogdan , Galaz Jose , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Para Robert , Berry Stanley M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Prematurity is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In most cases, preterm birth is preceded by spontaneous preterm labor, a syndrome that is associated with intra-amniotic inflammation, the most studied etiology. However, the remaining etiologies of preterm labor are poorly understood; therefore, most preterm births are categorized as idiopathic. In this study, we provide evidence showing that the fetal immune system undergoes premature activation in women with preterm labor without intra-amniotic inflammation, providing a potential new mechanism of disease for some cases of idiopathic preterm birth. First, we showed that fetal T cells are a predominant leukocyte population in amniotic fluid during preterm gestations. Interestingly, only fetal CD4+ T cells were increased in amniotic fluid of women who underwent idiopathic preterm labor and birth. This increase in fetal CD4+ T cells was accompanied by elevated amniotic fluid concentrations of T cell cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, and IL-13, which are produced by these cells upon in vitro stimulation, but was not associated with the prototypical cytokine profile observed in women with intra-amniotic inflammation. Also, we found that cord blood T cells, mainly CD4+ T cells, obtained from women with idiopathic preterm labor and birth displayed enhanced ex vivo activation, which is similar to that observed in women with intra-amniotic inflammation. Finally, we showed that the intra-amniotic administration of activated neonatal CD4+ T cells induces preterm birth in mice. Collectively, these findings provide evidence suggesting that fetal T cell activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic preterm labor and birth.
Automaticity and Invariant Measures of Linear Cellular Automata
Authors: Rowland Eric , Yassawi Reem 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWe show that spacetime diagrams of linear cellular automata $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}:\,\mathbb{F}_{p}^{\mathbb{Z}}\rightarrow \mathbb{F}_{p}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ with $(-p)$-automatic initial conditions are automatic. This extends existing results on initial conditions that are eventually constant. Each automatic spacetime diagram defines a $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$-invariant subset of $\mathbb{F}_{p}^{\mathbb{Z}}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ is the left shift map, and if the initial condition is not eventually periodic, then this invariant set is nontrivial. For the Ledrappier cellular automaton we construct a family of nontrivial $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$-invariant measures on $\mathbb{F}_{3}^{\mathbb{Z}}$. Finally, given a linear cellular automaton $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$, we construct a nontrivial $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$-invariant measure on $\mathbb{F}_{p}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ for all but finitely many $p$.
A desnacionalização da indústria cervejeira no Brasil: da reestruturação produtiva aos movimentos de fusões e aquisições
Authors: Limberger Silvia Cristina , Espíndola Carlos José 
Published: September 2019

Nos anos 90, a indústria cervejeira no Brasil passou por um processo de reestruturação produtiva como proposta para enfrentar a concorrência dos grandes grupos multinacionais, que se acercavam do mercado nacional. As mudanças consistiram, sobretudo, na reorganização do trabalho por meio da incorporação da informática ao processo produtivo, reduzindo custos de produção e dinamizando o processo de circulação. Entretanto, tal indústria não resistiu ao capital externo. Em 2004, a Ambev, empresa que controlava cerca de 70% do mercado nacional, constituída pela fusão entre Brahma/Skol e Antarctica, foi adquirida pela Interbrew (atualmente AB InBev). As cervejarias nacionais Kaiser, Bavaria e Schincariol também foram desnacionalizadas. Dessa forma, este texto visa analisar as estratégias de reorganização produtiva da indústria cervejeira nacional, bem como, o processo de desnacionalização do setor, como resultado do acirramento da concorrência a nível mundial, mas também como consequência da abertura financeira da economia brasileira.
Palavras-chave: Mercado cervejeiro. Investimento produtivo. Capital externo. Concorrência.
FREQUENCY OF ENTEROPARASITOSES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ATTENDING DAYCARE CENTERS: A SURVEY APPLYING PARASITOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS
Authors: Goes Gabriela Cardoso , Gonçalves Karina Costa Coelho , Sudré Adriana Pittella , Mattos Danuza Pinheiro Bastos Garcia , Brener Beatriz , Cruz Paula Borba , Silva Valmir Laurentino , Riddell Millar Patricia 
Published: September 2019

The present study evaluated the frequency of intestinal parasitoses in children in public day care centers applying parasitological and immunological diagnostic methods. Fecal samples from 121 children from six public daycare centers were analyzed using parasitological techniques. Epidemiological data were obtained through a questionnaire, where parents and / or guardians were asked, for instance, whether the children had contact with soil, ate raw food, such as vegetables or raw or undercooked meat, normally walked around barefoot or had contact with animals. Fecal samples from 82 children were also tested for Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium sp. coproantigen using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which was also used for Entamoeba coproantigen detection only in samples that tested positive for the parasite by parasitological stool exam/optical microscopy. Intestinal parasite infection was noted in 23.1% (28/121) of the children. The most frequent parasite was Giardia intestinalis (13.2%), followed by Entamoeba coli (5.8%), Blastocystis spp. (1.7%), Endolimax nana (1.7%), Enterobius vermicularis (1.7%), Cystoisospora belli (0.8%),Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar complex (0.8%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (0.8%). Positivity for parasite infection using parasitological stool exams was significantly associated with age groups, with a higher frequency in 4 to 6 year old children (p=0.03). No association or significant variations were noted in the prevalence of intestinal parasites in relation to the epidemiological variables studied. All samples were negative for Cryptosporidium sp. and Entamoeba histolytica detected by immunological testing, and 17.1% (14/82) children tested positive for Giardia intestinalis, although using parasitological exam/optical microscopy, only 14.6% (12/82) tested positive. The high incidence of intestinal parasites, especially protozoans, suggests probable interpersonal transmission among the children, environmental contamination, or even contaminated food/water intake. Thus, consolidation of preventive measures and efficient diagnostic resources as well as control of intestinal parasites and patient treatment are of utmost importance.
From the Shame of Auschwitz to an Ethics of Vulnerability and a Politics of Revolt
Authors: Bergoffen Debra 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
This essay attends to the testimonies of the Auschwitz survivors Primo Levi and Jean Améry through the lens of Giorgio Agamben's demand that we confront the challenge to the meaning of the human posed by those who did not survive—the Musselmann. It argues that Levi's experiences of shame as an oppression and Améry's depiction of the shame of destruction, reveal that shame, the self-reflexive affect that simultaneously acknowledges our vulnerability to the power and judgments of the other and rebels against the violence of degradation, in salvaging Levi's and Améry's humanity, provides the ground for an ethics and politics that tackles the question of the meaning of the human posed by the Musselmann of Auschwitz.
O espaço da formação inicial do coordenador pedagógico
Authors: Tozetto Susana Soares , Kailer Priscila 
Published: September 2019

Analisar a formação inicial do coordenador pedagógico torna-se uma tarefa árdua quando se considera as contradições presentes no processo formativo e, consequentemente, no trabalho desse profissional. A conquista do escopo específico de trabalho do coordenador pedagógico, na escola, precisa estar atrelada a saberes de bases teóricas e práticas. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os saberes que compõem a formação inicial do coordenador pedagógico. Os relatos de oito coordenadoras pedagógicas, sujeitos desta pesquisa, coletados por meio de entrevista, deflagram uma formação que desvaloriza os conhecimentos práticos e uma atuação que desconsidera os conhecimentos teóricos. Assim, o entendimento errôneo da universidade como espaço exclusivamente teórico e da escola como peculiar às questões práticas manifesta-se nas falas dessas profissionais.
Educación superior en Chile como proceso de modernización
Authors: Díaz Herrera Claudio 
Published: September 2019

El objetivo del presente artículo es invitar a reflexionar respecto al rol que está cumpliendo la educación superior en nuestro país, que de acuerdo con su historia y contexto se ha estructurado al alero de un constante e imparable proceso de modernización de las instituciones sociales y del Estado. La idea es entender cómo ciertas estructuras socioeconómicas edificantes terminan por converger con disposiciones socioculturales, las que determinan de alguna forma a los agentes del proceso educativo, a niveles culturales y simbólicos. En consecuencia, se intentará reflexionar respecto a un tipo de educación superior que, más allá de su estructura normativa e institucional, se encuentra afectada por una estructura social y económica que en la medida de su predominio ha generado la internalización de valores propios de la modernidad, los que a
su vez se van transformando en habitus, como la competencia, y requerimientos propios individualistas absolutamente teleológicos e instrumentales, más allá de la búsqueda del bien común, vocación, responsabilidad social profesional y ética profesional, entre otros.
Diseño de un examen de grado por competencias en la carrera de derecho
Authors: Beca Juan Pablo , Castillo Eduardo , Cid Alejandra , Darritchon Eduardo , Lagos Scarlette 
Published: September 2019

El presente trabajo da cuenta de la experiencia de diseño de un examen de grado por competencias para la carrera de Derecho de la Universidad Católica de Temuco. Con tal objeto, mediante la ejecución de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente, se realizó en primer lugar un levantamiento del estado del arte sobre la materia, para luego elaborar una propuesta preliminar. Dicha propuesta se sometió al juicio de expertos, así como de estudiantes y docentes de la carrera mediante la realización de focus groups, siendo luego reelaborada con la información recogida. La versión definitiva de la propuesta fue sometida a pilotaje, simulando la realización del examen diseñado.
Se propone un examen de dos partes, la primera de ellas consistente en la resolución de tres casos, durante el último semestre de la carrera; la segunda parte corresponde a la defensa oral de uno de los casos. Con este sistema es posible compatibilizar la necesidad de hacer coherente el examen de grado con la formación con competencias, sin renunciar a este hito tradicional en la formación de abogados en Chile.
REORGANIZAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO RURAL EM DILERMANDO DE AGUIAR/RS: O PAPEL DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NA PRODUÇÃO DE SOJA E ARROZ
Authors: Saccol Paloma Tavares , Bezzi Meri Lourdes 
Published: September 2019

A estrutura fundiária baseada na agricultura familiar pode ser considerada como uma as riquezas que um município ou uma região podem ter. Desse modo, o estudo tem como problema analisar a produção familiar, baseada nas lavouras de soja e arroz como agentes articuladores do espaço rural de Dilermando de Aguiar. Justifica-se a realização desta pesquisa devido a sua relevância social para o planejamento do espaço rural do município em análise, uma vez que, busca-se fornecer subsídios aos órgãos gestores municipais, para que de posse destas informações possam elaborar alternativas que visem dinamizar o espaço produtivo e contribuir para o desenvolvimento local/rural. Tem-se como objetivo geral analisar a agricultura familiar de Dilermando de Aguiar, através das produções agrícolas de soja e arroz, e consequentemente, sua reorganização espacial. Os objetivos específicos buscaram-se: a) caracterizar as lavouras de soja e arroz desenvolvidas pelos pequenos produtores para a geração de renda e b) verificar de que forma ocorre a participação da EMATER e da Secretaria Municipal de Agricultura na execução das políticas públicas locais. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa foi estruturada em etapas. Primeiramente utilizou-se o referencial teórico para definir os conceitos da temática em questão. Paralelamente, elaboram-se levantamentos em fontes secundárias, por meio da coleta de dados. Posteriormente, realizou-se o trabalho de campo, com intuito de observar in loco a questão em estudo. Nessa perspectiva, aliando os conceitos teóricos aos dados coletados e à observação in loco, foi possível interpretar e analisar a estrutura da agricultura familiar em Dilermando de Aguiar. As considerações finais partem da reflexão da caracterização da agricultura familiar enquanto alternativa de reprodução social e econômica das famílias que cultivam as produções agrícola de soja e arroz. Este trabalho permitiu entender a importância que essas produções têm para o desenvolvimento local, potencializando os diversos nichos de mercados locais e regionais.
Structural analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi periplasmic lipoprotein BB0365 involved in Lyme disease infection
Authors: Brangulis Kalvis , Akopjana Inara , Petrovskis Ivars , Kazaks Andris , Jekabsons Atis , Jaudzems Kristaps , Viksna Arturs , Bertins Maris , Tars Kaspars 
Published: September 2019

The periplasmic lipoprotein BB0365 of the Lyme disease agent Borrelia burgdorferi is expressed throughout mammalian infection and is essential for all phases of Lyme disease infection; its function, however, remains unknown. In the current study, our structural analysis of BB0365 revealed the same structural fold as that found in the NqrC and RnfG subunits of the NADH:quinone and ferredoxin:NAD+ sodium‐translocating oxidoreductase complexes, which points to a potential role for BB0365 as a component of the sodium pump. Additionally, BB0365 coordinated Zn2+ by the His51, His55, His140 residues, and the Zn2+‐binding site indicates that BB0365 could act as a potential metalloenzyme; therefore, this structure narrows down the potential functions of BB0365, an essential protein for B. burgdorferi to cause Lyme disease.
Which Beauty Will Guide Us? Seeking a Reflective, Sustainable, Socially Engaged Visual Culture
Authors: Chinchilla Izaskun , Luque Emilio 
Published: September 2019

AbstractShould beauty be discarded in the face of a global imperative for architecture to engage with sustainability and heightened social consultation? Izaskun Chinchilla and Emilio Luque argue that this is not the case, and that beauty can be rearticulated and used as a way to achieve these goals. They illustrate their ideas through the recent work of Madrid‐based Izaskun Chinchilla Architects.
The Primacy of Relationships and the Reclamation of Beauty Jeanne Gang: Observed and Interviewed
Authors: Cook Peter 
Published: September 2019

AbstractJeanne Gang choreographs her designs like ballets to produce architectures of clefts, swells and flares. She has a radically different approach to architecture than some of her more rationalist peers, and this gets her Chicago‐based practice Studio Gang noticed. In conversation with Peter Cook, she describes the studio's design methods and aesthetic predilections.
Beauty is in the Back Story: Diversity, Complexity and Collaborative Making in the Australian Condition
Authors: Watson Fleur , Hook Martyn , Wardle John 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCurator and author Fleur Watson and Martyn Hook, Dean of the School of Architecture and Urban Design at RMIT University in Melbourne, talk to John Wardle, principal of John Wardle Architects. Wardle explains that his conception of beauty is in understanding where an object has been made, by whom, when and why. His practice therefore works very closely with craftsmen, even in these technology‐enhanced, post‐digital times.
In Search of the Unseen: Towards Superhuman Intuition
Authors: Andrasek Alisa 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlisa Andrasek is a professor at RMIT University in Melbourne and previously director of Wonderlab at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London. Her work is a restless search for the beauty of novel architectural forms and techniques utilising autonomous agents, architectonic algorithms, machine learning and robotics.
Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials as Emerging Tools for Materials Science
Authors: Deringer Volker L. , Caro Miguel A. , Csányi Gábor 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAtomic‐scale modeling and understanding of materials have made remarkable progress, but they are still fundamentally limited by the large computational cost of explicit electronic‐structure methods such as density‐functional theory. This Progress Report shows how machine learning (ML) is currently enabling a new degree of realism in materials modeling: by “learning” electronic‐structure data, ML‐based interatomic potentials give access to atomistic simulations that reach similar accuracy levels but are orders of magnitude faster. A brief introduction to the new tools is given, and then, applications to some select problems in materials science are highlighted: phase‐change materials for memory devices; nanoparticle catalysts; and carbon‐based electrodes for chemical sensing, supercapacitors, and batteries. It is hoped that the present work will inspire the development and wider use of ML‐based interatomic potentials in diverse areas of materials research.
Recent Progress on Exciton Polaritons in Layered Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenides
Authors: Hu Fengrui , Fei Zhe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractExciton polaritons (EPs) are half‐light, half‐matter quasiparticles formed due to the coupling between photons and excitons in semiconductors. Their uniqueness lies at the strong light–matter interactions and long‐distance transport, thus promising for many novel applications in photonics, information, and quantum technologies. Recently, EPs in group‐VI transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted a lot of research interest due to their room‐temperature stability, long‐distance propagation, and controllability through electric gating, valley‐selective optical pumping, and precise thickness control. In this progress report, recent studies of EPs in TMDs are reviewed, highlighting their key properties and functionalities, and then discussing the potential directions for future research.
An Efficient Ni/Pd Catalyzed Chemoselective Synthesis of 1,3,2‐Benzodiazaborininones from Boronic Acids and Anthranilamides
Authors: Wang Hao‐Jie , Zhang Mo , Li Wen‐Jing , Ni Yu , Lin Jin , Zhang Zhan‐Hui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn efficient Ni/Pd catalyzed chemoselective synthesis of 1,3,2‐benzodiazaborininones from boronic acids and anthranilamide has been developed. This protocol allows for the rapid and straightforward access to a wide range of 1,3,2‐benzodiazaborininones at roomtemperature with excellent functional group tolerance.magnified image
Telomere Length Is Associated with Disability Progression in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Krysko Kristen M. , Henry Roland G. , Cree Bruce A. C. , Lin Jue ,   University of California, San Francisco MS‐EPIC Team, Caillier Stacy , Santaniello Adam , Zhao Chao , Gomez Refujia , Bevan Carolyn , Smith Dana L. , Stern William , Kirkish Gina , Hauser Stephen L. , Oksenberg Jorge R. , Graves Jennifer S. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo assess whether biological aging as measured by leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with clinical disability and brain volume loss in multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsAdults with MS/clinically isolated syndrome in the University of California, San Francisco EPIC cohort study were included. LTL was measured on DNA samples by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as telomere to somatic DNA (T/S) ratio. Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and 3‐dimensional T1‐weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging were performed at baseline and follow‐up. Associations of baseline LTL with cross‐sectional and longitudinal outcomes were assessed using simple and mixed effects linear regression models. A subset (n = 46) had LTL measured over time, and we assessed the association of LTL change with EDSS change with mixed effects models.ResultsIncluded were 356 women and 160 men (mean age = 43 years, median disease duration = 6 years, median EDSS = 1.5 [range = 0–7], mean T/S ratio = 0.97 [standard deviation = 0.18]). In baseline analyses adjusted for age, disease duration, and sex, for every 0.2 lower LTL, EDSS was 0.27 higher (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13–0.42, p < 0.001) and brain volume was 7.4mm3 lower (95% CI = 0.10–14.7, p = 0.047). In longitudinal adjusted analyses, those with lower baseline LTL had higher EDSS and lower brain volumes over time. In adjusted analysis of the subset, LTL change was associated with EDSS change over 10 years; for every 0.2 LTL decrease, EDSS was 0.34 higher (95% CI = 0.08–0.61, p = 0.012).InterpretationShorter telomere length was associated with disability independent of chronological age, suggesting that biological aging may contribute to neurological injury in MS. Targeting aging‐related mechanisms is a potential therapeutic strategy against MS progression. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:671–682
Conical Diffraction from Approximate Dirac Cone States in a Superhoneycomb Lattice
Authors: Kang Yongfeng , Zhong Hua , Belić Milivoj R. , Tian Yiqing , Jin Kaichao , Zhang Yanpeng , Li Fuli , Zhang Yiqi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSuperhoneycomb lattice is an edge‐centered honeycomb lattice that represents a hybrid fermionic and bosonic system. It contains pseudospin‐1/2 and pseudospin‐1 Dirac cones, as well as a flat band in its band structure. In this paper, we cut the superhoneycomb lattice along short‐bearded boundaries and obtain the corresponding band structure. The states very close to the Dirac points represent approximate Dirac cone states that can be used to observe conical diffraction during light propagation in the lattice. In comparison with the previous literature, this research is carried out using the continuous model, which brings new results and is simple, direct, accurate, and computationally efficient.
Ringkontraktion durch NHC‐induzierte Pnictogen‐Abstraktion
Authors: Piesch Martin , Reichl Stephan , Seidl Michael , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDie Reaktion von [Cp′′′Co(η4‐P4)] (1) (Cp′′′=1,2,4‐tBu3C5H2) mit MeNHC (MeNHC=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) führt über eine NHC‐induzierte Phosphorkationen‐Abstraktion zum Ringkontraktionsprodukt [(MeNHC)2P][Cp′′′Co(η3‐P3)] (2), welches das erste Beispiel eines anionischen CoP3‐Komplexes repräsentiert. Solche von NHCs induzierten Ringkontraktionsreaktionen lassen sich ebenfalls auf Tripeldecker‐Sandwich‐Komplexe anwenden. So werden die Komplexe [(Cp*Mo)2(μ,η6:6‐E6)] (3 a, 3 b) (Cp*=C5Me5; E=P, As) zu den Komplexen [(MeNHC)2E][(Cp*M)2(μ,η3:3‐E3)(μ,η2:2‐E2)] (4 a, 4 b) transformiert, wobei 4 b das erste strukturell charakterisierte Beispiel eines NHC‐substituierten AsI‐Kations darstellt. Darüber hinaus führt die Reaktion des Vanadium‐Komplexes [(Cp*V)2(μ,η6:6‐P6)] (5) mit MeNHC zur Bildung der neuartigen Komplexe [(MeNHC)2P][(Cp*V)2(μ,η6:6‐P6)] (6), [(MeNHC)2P][(Cp*V)2(μ,η5:5‐P5)] (7) bzw. [(Cp*V)2(μ,η3:3‐P3)(μ,η1:1‐P{MeNHC})] (8).