bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The protection of cultural diversity: reflexions on its origins and implications
Authors: Sarraz Jean Paul 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe first part of this paper presents a historical outline of how racial and cultural alterity (particularly indigeneity) has been imagined and represented by elites in Colombia since the nineteenth century. The evolution of these ideas takes us to the contemporary category of "ethnic groups" and its representa- tion in positive terms, a process that signifies a substantial change compared to past discourses in favour of cultural homogeneity. The second part of this text reflects on the ways in which ethnic policies are legitimized -today more than ever- through the principle of "the protection of cultural boundaries", a prin- ciple which is widely praised and uncontested, but which has become totally dependent on problematic concepts such as "cultural damage", "authenticity" or "preservation". Furthermore, the institutional actions based on that principle are actually uncertain, ambiguous and inefficient, a situation that invites us to question the "policies for diversity". ResumenLa primera parte de este articulo presenta una perspectiva histórica sobre la manera en que la alteridad racial y cultural (particularmente la indigenidad) ha sido imaginada por las elites en Colombia desde el siglo XIX. La evolución de estas ideas nos lleva a la actual categoria de "grupos etnicos" y su representación en terminos positivos actualmente. En la segunda parte del articulo se reflexiona sobre la manera en que las politicas etnicas se legitiman hoy mas que nunca a traves del principio de "protección de la diversidad cultural", el cual goza de un elogio generalizado, pero que en el fondo depende totalmente de conceptos muy problematicos tales como "dafio cultural", "autenticidad" o "preservación". Asi, se observa que muchas de las acciones institucionales que se han tomado en nombre de dicha protección son en realidad, inciertas, am- biguas e ineficaces, lo cual evidencia la necesidad de reevaluar las "politicas para la diversidad".
Carl Schmitt, Leo Strauss, Max Weber y el debate sobre la relación entre el orden político y los valores
Authors: González Geraldino Félix 
Published: March 2019

El siguiente artículo busca reflexionar en torno al problema de los valores y el orden político. Relegado por el pensamiento crítico, dichas problemáticas se muestran, en la cotidianidad, ineludibles. Esto nos lleva a una consideración del entrecruzamiento entre axiología y política. Entrecruzamiento del cual las obras de Max Weber, Carl Schmitt y Leo Strauss nos sirven como aportes. Negación de los valores, necesidad de los valores y mediación de los valores, serán los puntos sobre los cuales el articulo reflexionará teniendo en cuenta las posturas de estos autores.
Association Between ApoE Polymorphism in Obesity Markers in Healthy Adults Who Follow the Greek Orthodox Fasting Rules
Authors: Koulouri Alexandra A , Papadopoulou Sousana K , Loukovitis Dimitrios , Rodopaios Nikolaos , Vasara Eleni , Hassapidou Maria , Biskanaki Fani , Tasoulas Dimitrios , Tassoulas Elias , Coats Andrew , Kafatos Anthony 
Published: March 2019

Aim: To examine the association between ApoE genetic polymorphisms and BMI.Methods: This case control study of randomly selected, free living individuals from North Greece investigated whether traditional Greek Orthodox dietary practices could affect obesity markers independent of genetic influences, by examining the Waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR) and % fat mass (% FM), were measured in healthy adults who follow the rules of Greek Orthodox fasting compared to those who did not. 382 subjects (246 women and 136 men) were included in the analysis, 161 fasters and 220 non-fasters as a control group. Results: Age affected obesity markers in all participants with more obesity in the older subjects. ApoE alleles did not differ between fasting and controls. When fasters where classified as obese and non-obese, there was no association with age (p>0,077). In the control group, BMI and WC were associated with age and gender and WHR with apoE alleles (p<0.001). In the fasting group these correlations are not observed (p=0.545 and p=0.365 respectively). Interactions between independent variables (sex, age apoE alleles and fasting status) and their influence on BMI, %BF and WHR. ApoE alleles and age significantly influence WHR (p=0.014). Conclusions: In the present study we found that the effect of ApoE alleles on adiposity was associated with age. In conclusion, even if genetic risks factor influence the susceptibility to obesity and cardiometabolic disorders, lifestyle changes may ameliorate these effects.
Şakok Armudunun (Pyrus elaeagnifila Pallas) Antioksidan, Antimikrobiyal ve Mutajenik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: MURATHAN Zehra Tuğba , ERBİL Nurcan , DÜZGÜNER Vesile , ARSLAN Mehmet 
Published: March 2019

Şakok
armudu (Pyrus elaeagnifila Pallas) doğal olarak yetişen yabani bir armut
türüdür. Hasattan sonra olgunlaşır ve yenebilir. Bu çalışma Elazığ’da yetişen
şakok armudunun toplam fenolik madde, toplam flavanoid madde, toplam askorbik
asit, glutatyon (GSH) ve süperoksid dismutaz (SOD) içeriklerinin; antioksidan
aktivite, antimikrobiyal aktivite ve mutajenik aktivitesinin belirlenmesini
kapsamaktadır. Elde edilen verilere göre örneklerin toplam fenolik madde
içeriği 174.2 mg GAE (gallik asit eşdeğeri)/100g ekstrakt, toplam flavanoid
madde içeriği 44.9 mg RE (rutin eşdeğeri)/100g ekstrakt, toplam askorbik asit
içeriği 14.5 mg AE (askorbik asit eşdeğeri)/100g ekstrakt, Demir iyonu
indirgeyici antioksidan güç (FRAP) değeri 515.6 µmol Fe (II)/g ekstrakt, 2,2′-Azino-bis
3-etil benzotiazolin-6-sulfonik asit (ABTS) süpürme aktivitesi % 53.5,
1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) süpürme aktivitesi % 48.2, GSH içeriği 3.98 µM ve SOD içeriği
6.88 U/ml olarak tespit edilmiştir. Meyve ekstraktının test bakterilerine karşı
farklı oranlarda antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Meyve
ekstraktının ön denemeler sonucunda belirlenen altı farklı konsantrasyonunun
(10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 µL/plak)
Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 ve TA 100 şuşlarına karşı mutajenik aktivite
gösterip göstermediği test edilmiştir. Denenen dozların hiçbirinde TA 98 ve TA
100 şuşları üzerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli bir mutajenik etki
görülmemiştir. Bu çalışma şakok armudunun önemli biyoaktif bileşenlere,
antioksidan ve antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip olduğunu ortaya çıkarmıştır.
Management of boxers fracture with single antegrade bent K-wire
Authors: Sadiq Mohammed , Hussain Syed Azher 
Published: March 2019

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fractures of the neck of fifth metacarpal are commonly encountered in orthopaedic practice. Management of these fractures is a debatable topic with treatment varying from conservative management to surgical fixation. In our study we used a pre-bent k wire in antegrade fashion to achieve fracture fixation. We found that pre-bent K wire provides an excellent reduction with good correction of neck shaft angle and good restoration of movements at the metcarpo-phalyngeal and inter-phalyngeal joints. Pre-bent K wire provides an efficient and economical modality of fixation in fracture neck of fifth metacarpal fractures.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> All patients presenting with fracture neck of fifth metacarpal were managed by pre-bent K wire in antegrade fashion by a single surgeon using a single prebent K wire.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All the fractures involved the dominant hand (16 right and 6 left). The mean duration of surgery was 24 mins. Intra operatively the mean no of X ray shoots were 12. At the end of the follow-up there was no significant difference in the TAM in the affected and the unaffected hand. The p=0.17. The mean DASH at the end of the follow up was 2.42. The mean fracture healing time was 45 days.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Boxers fracture is very common fracture type in young active adults. Conservative management is usually associated with shorting and angular deformities. Percutenous fixation of the fracture with bent K wire placed in antegrade fashion provides good stability at the fracture site.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
New Solar Thermal Materials
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

A number of ehemical ion materials were used as an absorber against solar energy. These materials were selected according to their absorption spectra in the wavelength range 300-800nm where the solar spectrum is coventrated. A solar olleetorw^esigd and	The ability of each material inside the collector for absorbing the solar radiation was examined by a converter parameter “R”.According to the “R” parameter, the cohaltous and copperic ions material seems to be of higher capability for absorbing solar energy than the other materials.All the results were analyzed by means of a least-squared fitting program.
Comparative study of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

The aim of the study was comparative between oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus using the measurement of some biophysical and biochemical parameters on two groups of diabetic patients, were conducted in the Al-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital,30 patients insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 ,their ages ranged between (15-45) and30 patients non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2,their ages ranged between (42-65).This study has been compared with 30 healthy subjects.	The present study was demonstrated to evaluate the alteration in oxidative stress as measured by plasma and red blood cells Malondialdehyde (MDA) andchanges in antioxidant mechanism as measured by plasma and red blood cells Glutathione (GSH) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2,in compares to healthy control group. The results showed significant increment in serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels ,and significant decrease in serum glutathione (GSH) levels of Diabetic patients (IDDM), (NIDDM)),compared with control.	Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), Diabetic patients (IDDM),and (NIDDM)patients showed significant increases in LDL levels. LDLs and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) the so-called “bad” cholesterols. Unlike HDLs, LDLs and VLDLs are high-cholesterol particles and significant decrease in HDL compared with control	Oxidative stress results when free radicals increase more than antioxidants which is naturally synthesis in the body, then causes changing in the cells accure by oxidative stress.
Analysis and Study of the Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence on Laser weapon in Iraq
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

One of the most important challenges facing the development of laser weapons is represented by the attenuation of the laser beam as it passed through the layers of atmosphere.This paper presents a theoretical study to simulate the effect of turbulence attenuation and calculates the decrease of laser power in Iraq. The refractive index structure C_n^2 is very important parameter to measure the strength of the atmospheric turbulence, which is affected by microclimate conditions, propagation path, season and time in the day.	The results of measurements and predictions are based on the Kolmogorov turbulence theory. It was demonstrated by simulations that the laser weapons in Iraq were severely affected due to the large change in temperatures, the limited effective range of laser weapon to a few kilometers as a result of high attenuation and the middle of stratosphere considered as a homogeneous and a suitable area for the work of laser weapons, so be a favorite area of fighter aircraft.
Extraction and Purification of albumin from Hunan plasma
Authors: Journal Baghdad Science 
Published: March 2019

This study includes adescription of Human serum Albumin by amodified using ion- exchange chromatography with manipulated comparison with cold ethanol precipitation method , It has been nticed that this procedure is superior orer the classical method . The Final yield by the new method 69.32% with purity of 83.42% compared with cohn which yield 60.30 % with purity of 80.7 % .
The new method prored that it suitable for the pusi Fication of such material because it yield no precipitation material and it increases the Final yield of albumin solutions .
•	Human serum Albumin .
•	Albumin purification .
•	Ion – exchange chromatography .
•	Human plasma .
•	Albumin extraction .
Field Calibration of PR2 Capacitance Probe in Pullman Clay‐Loam Soil of Southern High Plains
Authors: Dhakal Madhav , West Charles P. , Deb Sanjit K. , Kharel Geeta , Ritchie Glen L. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
A noncalibrated PR2 capacitance probe showed significant deviations from actual soil water content.
Calibration improved the accuracy and precision of soil moisture monitoring with the PR2.
Calibration was necessary for using the PR2 probe for research‐quality soil water measurements.
Multi‐depth capacitance sensors are popular to monitor soil water content for scheduling irrigation thanks to their ease of operation and maintenance. The PR2/6 Profile Probe (Delta‐T Devices) measures soil moisture by using either the manufacturer's built‐in equation or a user‐calibrated equation if the soil is high in clay or organic matter. The objectives were to evaluate the performance of the PR2/6 Profile Probe in a perennial grassland and to develop a site‐specific equation to correct probe measurements in Pullman (fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Torrertic Paleustolls) clay loam soils. Permittivity recorded by the profile probe was regressed on the gravimetrically measured soil volumetric water content (VWC). Parameters were optimized to obtain least RMSEs. The default equation provided by the manufacturer estimated VWC with average RMSE and r2 values of 0.053 m3 m–3 and 0.71, respectively. New calibration coefficients were effective in explaining 91% of the variability in soil VWC measurements and reducing RMSE to 0.017 m3 m–3. The results indicate that site‐specific calibration of the capacitance probe is necessary to attain research‐quality accuracy and precision when applied to grasslands in Pullman clay loam and associated clay loam soils.
Evaluating the Importance of Barometric Pumping for Subsurface Gas Transport Near an Underground Nuclear Test Site
Authors: Bourret S.M. , Kwicklis E.M. , Miller T.A. , Stauffer P.H. 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
Gas transport modeling can estimate ground surface breakthrough after an underground nuclear explosion.
Comparison tracer‐injection experimental and model results reveals parameter sensitivity.
Barometric pumping may explain gas breakthrough following an underground nuclear explosion.
Amplitude and period of barometric pressure signal are key in controlling breakthrough.
An underground nuclear explosion (UNE) generates and distributes radioactive gases that can be transported to the ground surface though preexisting and explosion‐induced fractures over timescales of hours to months. If detected, the presence of short‐lived radionuclides in gas is evidence of a recent UNE. Numerical modeling can provide estimates of surface arrival times that can help inform gas monitoring strategies at suspected foreign test sites. Efforts are underway at historic US UNE sites to better understand subsurface gas‐transport processes following a UNE by geologic characterization of the near‐field damage structures, field‐scale tracer experiments, and subsurface air pressure monitoring. The development of numerical models using historical and experimental datasets from former UNE sites can improve predictions by testing conceptual models, highlighting key processes, and constraining parameter ranges. The models developed in this study represent the U20az site at the Nevada National Security Site where the Barnwell device was expended in December 1989. A two‐phase (water and air), dual‐permeability flow and transport model of the U20az site was built to investigate gas transport processes under recent experimental conditions and following the Barnwell nuclear event. Results indicate that the model can explain both the lack of arrival of radioactive gas tracers in a 2013 field experiment as well as the observed arrival of radioactive gases following the 1989 Barnwell event using barometric pressure records from the respective periods, even when additional advective processes associated with the Barnwell detonation are ignored. The results demonstrate that the character of the barometric records may be a key factor in explaining the differences in transport behavior.
Simulation of Soil Freezing and Thawing for Different Groundwater Table Depths
Authors: Chen Junfeng , Gao Xuguang , Zheng Xiuqing , Miao Chunyan , Zhang Yongbo , Du Qi , Xu Yongxin 
Published: March 2019

Core Ideas
The SHAW model was used to simulate the freeze–thaw process during freeze–thaw periods.
It revealed the effects of soil texture and groundwater table depth on soil freezing and thawing.
The frost depth and accumulated negative soil surface temperature relationship was determined.
During freeze–thaw periods, the transformation between phreatic water and soil water will change the soil hydrothermal properties and affect the soil freezing and thawing in shallow groundwater areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of four different groundwater table depths (GTDs) and two soil textures on the process of soil freezing and thawing during two successive freeze–thaw periods using the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model. The results show that the frost depth was the maximum when the GTD was 1.0 m, and the maximum frost depths of sandy loam and fine sand were 97.6 and 98.9 cm, respectively. When the GTD was larger than 1.5 m, the maximum frost depth decreased with an increase in GTD, and the maximum frost depth of the soil profile was more sensitive to changes in the air temperature. The frost depth of the soil profile was linear with the square root of the accumulated negative soil surface temperature (ANST) under different GTDs. The ANST was influenced by the phreatic evaporation, and the soil freezing rate increased with an increase in GTD under the same ANST. This research is significant for the rational development of soil water and heat resources and the study of soil water–heat transfer in shallow groundwater areas.
Physical factors affecting the reliability of rail crane operators
Authors: Finochenko T. A. , Pereverzev I. G. , Balanova M. V. 
Published: March 2019

As it is known, load-lifting rail cranes of various models employed as part of Russian Railways repair and recovery trains are high-risk facilities. They normally have large dimensions and powerful engines that generate significant thrust and high energy. The paper examines the effects of harmful occupational factors of physical nature, i.e. industrial noise and vibration on the performance and health of rail crane operators. Aim. Based on the analysis of the causes of incidents that occurred in the course of operation of rail cranes, generalizing the experimental findings regarding the effects of industrial noise and vibration on crane operators and identifying the correlation between the clinical signs of distress in this category of workers and the levels of the above harmful physical industrial factors. Methods. Experimental studies and the subsequent evaluation of the effect of industrial noise and vibration generated by the mechanisms of cranes were conducted with the use of an Assistant Total+ noise and vibration analyzer in the course of operation of rail cranes of various models when handling cargo, as well as when crane engines idle. Measurements were conducted at workstations where the operator is to be at during the operation and maintenance of the crane, i.e. the control cabins, operator seat, control handles, near the crane engine. Results. The paper provides a classification of sources of noise and vibration that affect crane operators, experimental findings regarding the levels of industrial noise, general and local industrial vibration for various models of cranes. Clinical signs of distress are identified, a list is set forth of the most typical occupational health problems for this category of workers. Conclusions. The paper concludes that the reduction of industrial noise and vibration caused by the mechanisms of rail cranes is a relevant engineering and socioeconomic problem. From the socioeconomic point of view the solution to this problem will allow improving the working conditions of crane operators, while in terms of engineering it will enable higher technical and operational characteristics of crane mechanisms.
Study on the Development of a Cyclohexane Based Tripodal Molecular Device as "OFF-ON-OFF" pH Sensor and Fluorescent Iron Sensor
Authors: Dangi Vijay , Baral Minati , Kanungo B.K. 
Published: March 2019

Background:
Iron is an essential transition metal which is indispensable for life processes
like oxygen transport and metabolism, electron transfer etc. However, misregulated iron is responsible
for disease like anemia, hemochromatosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. In order to encounter
these diseases, a better understanding is needed of its role in misregulation. Fluorescent iron
sensors could help provide this information. The new chemosensor developed by linking a cyclohexane
unit with three 8-hydroxyquinoline provides selective detection of iron in numerous biological
and environmental samples.

Methods:
The Uv-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with pH measurements will
mainly be used for the study. Theoretical studies at DFT level will be used to validate the method
and explain the theory behind the experiments.

Results:
The study of electronic spectra of the chelator, HQCC, reveals the appearance of a band at
262 nm along with a weak band at 335 nm due to π- π* and n- π* transitions respectively. Upon excitation
with 335 nm, the ligand fluoresces at 388 nm wavelength. The intensity of the emission was
affected in presence of metal ions, with maximum deviation for Fe(III). Selectivity studies showed
that Fe(III) is more selective as compared to the biologically relevant metal ions viz., Al(III), Fe(III),
Cr(III), Co(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Pb(II). pH dependent studies implied that the
fluorescence intensity was highest at pH ~8.0, whereas maximum quenching for iron-HQCC system
was observed at pH 7.4. The binding studies from the B-H plot confirms the formation of 1:1 complex
with association constant of 5.95 × 106. The results obtained from experiments were in agreement
with that obtained from the DFT and TD-DFT studies.

Conclusion:
A novel tripodal chelator based on 8-hydroxyquinoline and symmetric cyclohexane
scaffold was successfully developed. In addition to the excellence of the ligand to be employed as a
promising sensitive fluorescent probe for easy detection of Fe3+ions at the physiological pH with
very low concentration (7.5 x 10-5 molL-1), the new ligand can be used as an OFF-ON-OFF pH sensor.
Fe(III) encapsulation along with 1:1 ML-complexation formation have been established. Theoretical
studies confirm a d-PET mechanism for the fluorescence quenching. DFT studies revealed
that the neutral form of the ligand is less reactive than its protonated or the deprotonated form.