bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐ and postsurgical cognitive trajectories and quantitative MRI changes in Rasmussen syndrome
Authors: Rudebeck Sarah R. , Shavel‐Jessop Sara , Varadkar Sophia , Owen Tamsin , Cross J. Helen , Vargha‐Khadem Faraneh , Baldeweg Torsten 
Published: May 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo quantify the longitudinal cognitive trajectory, before and after surgery, of Rasmussen syndrome (RS), a rare disease characterized by focal epilepsy and progressive atrophy of one cerebral hemisphere.MethodThirty‐two patients (mean age = 6.7 years; 17 male, 16 left hemispheres affected) were identified from hospital records. The changes in intelligence scores during 2 important phases in the patients’ journey to treatment were investigated: (1) during the preoperative period (n = 28, mean follow‐up 3.4 years) and (2) from before to after surgery (n = 21 patients, mean time to follow‐up 1.5 years). A volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis of longitudinal changes in gray matter volume was conducted in a subsample of 18 patients.Results(1) IQ during the preoperative period: At baseline assessment (on average 2.4 years after seizure onset), the left RS group had lower verbal than nonverbal intellectual abilities, whereas the right group exhibited more difficulties in nonverbal than verbal intellect. Verbal and nonverbal scores declined during the follow‐up in both groups, irrespective of the affected side. Hemispheric gray matter volumes declined over time in both groups in affected as well as unaffected hemispheres. (2) Postoperative IQ change: The left surgery group declined further in verbal and nonverbal intellect. The right group's nonverbal intellect declined after surgery, whereas verbal abilities did not. Patients with higher abilities preoperatively experienced large declines, whereas those with poorer abilities showed little change. Postoperative seizures negatively impacted on cognitive abilities.SignificanceDuring the chronic phase of the disease, parallel decline of verbal and nonverbal abilities suggest progressive bilateral hemispheric involvement, supported by evidence from MRI morphometry. Postsurgical cognitive losses are predicted by greater presurgical ability and continuing seizures. A shorter duration from seizure onset to surgery could reduce the postoperative cognitive burden by minimizing the decline in functions supported by the unaffected hemisphere.
FNLP‐ONT: A feasible ontology for improving NLP tasks in Persian
Authors: Hosseini Pozveh Zahra , Monadjemi Amirhassan , Ahmadi Ali 
Published: May 2018

AbstractNatural language processing is a composition of several error‐prone and challenging tasks, including part of speech tagging, word sense disambiguation, named entity recognition, and compound verb detection. Studying intrasentence relations and roles is essential to improve the mentioned subtasks. Semi‐automatic schemes such as ontologies can be applied to clarify word's dependencies. This paper presents an ontology that is targeting to improve POS tagging, WSD, NER, and compound verb detection in Persian with extra properties that may ameliorate machine translation. The ontology is tested in combinations with several state‐of‐art algorithms on Dadegan corpus. The results show that coping semantic analysis with machine learning methods enhance relation detection and consequently precision of the mentioned subtasks, which is not widely addressed in Persian. Furthermore, the experimental results declare that the accuracy rate increases between 4.5 and 23% for different tasks.
Measuring Sovereign Risk: Are CDS Spreads Better than Sovereign Credit Ratings?
Authors: Rodríguez Iván M. , Dandapani Krishnan , Lawrence Edward R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUsing data for 54 countries over a 12‐year period, we find that the variation in average sovereign ratings in a given year can be explained by average credit default swap (CDS) spreads over the previous three years. In a horse race between CDS spreads and sovereign ratings, we find that CDS spread changes can predict sovereign events, while rating changes cannot. The predictability of CDS spreads is greater when there is disagreement between Moody's and the S&P for a country's rating.
Effects of incubation conditions on nutrient mineralisation rates in fish and shrimp
Authors: Oliveira‐Cunha Priscila , Capps Krista A. , Neres‐Lima Vinicius , Lourenço‐Amorim Christine , Tromboni Flavia , Moulton Timothy P. , Zandonà Eugenia 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Consumer mineralisation of nutrients can affect ecosystem processes, such as primary productivity, community respiration and biogeochemical cycling. Researchers have not tested, however, the influence of standard incubation methods on mineralisation rates. Therefore, the influence of varied incubation methods on consumer mineralisation rates is poorly understood.

Here, we investigated how incubation conditions affected the mineralisation rates of ammonium and phosphate of two species of fish and two species of shrimp. For each species, we measured mineralisation rates during the day and at night in two incubation environments (standard and modified to reduce stress). We also estimated the effect of conspecific density (1, 3 or 5 individuals) and the duration of incubation (after 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 min) on mineralisation for a species of shrimp.

Our results indicated mass‐specific N mineralisation by three species was influenced by the time of day, and for two of the species, mass‐specific N mineralisation was also influenced by incubation conditions. Mass‐specific mineralisation rates for both N and P by a species of shrimp decreased significantly with increasing incubation time, but we did not detect significant differences in mineralisation among incubation durations or densities for either element.

Mass‐specific mineralisation rates for P were negatively correlated with body size for all studied species, as previously reported. Only the two species of shrimp showed the expected negative relationship between mass‐specific N mineralisation rates and body size.

Our results suggest that the mechanisms by which organisms excrete elements are differentially influenced by incubation conditions. Our study highlights the need to develop methods specific to the organisms of interest, especially the duration and the time of day of the incubation. Additionally, our attempt to influence mineralisation rates by modifying chamber design was mostly ineffective, indicating that this measure may not be a priority for future studies.
Satellite sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence detects early response of winter wheat to heat stress in the Indian Indo‐Gangetic Plains
Authors: Song Lian , Guanter Luis , Guan Kaiyu , You Liangzhi , Huete Alfredo , Ju Weimin , Zhang Yongguang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractExtremely high temperatures represent one of the most severe abiotic stresses limiting crop productivity. However, understanding crop responses to heat stress is still limited considering the increases in both the frequency and severity of heat wave events under climate change. This limited understanding is partly due to the lack of studies or tools for the timely and accurate monitoring of crop responses to extreme heat over broad spatial scales. In this work, we use novel spaceborne data of sun‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), which is a new proxy for photosynthetic activity, along with traditional vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI and Enhanced Vegetation Index EVI) to investigate the impacts of heat stress on winter wheat in northwestern India, one of the world's major wheat production areas. In 2010, an abrupt rise in temperature that began in March adversely affected the productivity of wheat and caused yield losses of 6% compared to previous year. The yield predicted by satellite observations of SIF decreased by approximately 13.9%, compared to the 1.2% and 0.4% changes in NDVI and EVI, respectively. During early stage of this heat wave event in early March 2010, the SIF observations showed a significant reduction and earlier response, while NDVI and EVI showed no changes and could not capture the heat stress until late March. The spatial patterns of SIF anomalies closely tracked the temporal evolution of the heat stress over the study area. Furthermore, our results show that SIF can provide large‐scale, physiology‐related wheat stress response as indicated by the larger reduction in fluorescence yield (SIFyield) than fraction of photosynthetically active radiation during the grain‐filling phase, which may have eventually led to the reduction in wheat yield in 2010. This study implies that satellite observations of SIF have great potential to detect heat stress conditions in wheat in a timely manner and assess their impacts on wheat yields at large scales.
Impacts of fire on sources of soil CO2 efflux in a dry Amazon rain forest
Authors: Metcalfe Daniel B. , Rocha Wanderley , Balch Jennifer K. , Brando Paulo M. , Doughty Christopher E. , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFire at the dry southern margin of the Amazon rainforest could have major consequences for regional soil carbon (C) storage and ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but relatively little information exists about impacts of fire on soil C cycling within this sensitive ecotone. We measured CO2 effluxes from different soil components (ground surface litter, roots, mycorrhizae, soil organic matter) at a large‐scale burn experiment designed to simulate a severe but realistic potential future scenario for the region (Fire plot) in Mato Grosso, Brazil, over 1 year, and compared these measurements to replicated data from a nearby, unmodified Control plot. After four burns over 5 years, soil CO2 efflux (Rs) was ~5.5 t C ha−1 year−1 lower on the Fire plot compared to the Control. Most of the Fire plot Rs reduction was specifically due to lower ground surface litter and root respiration. Mycorrhizal respiration on both plots was around ~20% of Rs. Soil surface temperature appeared to be more important than moisture as a driver of seasonal patterns in Rs at the site. Regular fire events decreased the seasonality of Rs at the study site, due to apparent differences in environmental sensitivities among biotic and abiotic soil components. These findings may contribute toward improved predictions of the amount and temporal pattern of C emissions across the large areas of tropical forest facing increasing fire disturbances associated with climate change and human activities.
Effects of climate legacies on above‐ and belowground community assembly
Authors: Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Eldridge David J. , Travers Samantha K. , Val James , Oliver Ian , Bissett Andrew 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe role of climatic legacies in regulating community assembly of above‐ and belowground species in terrestrial ecosystems remains largely unexplored and poorly understood. Here, we report on two separate regional and continental empirical studies, including >500 locations, aiming to identify the relative importance of climatic legacies (climatic anomaly over the last 20,000 years) compared to current climates in predicting the relative abundance of ecological clusters formed by species strongly co‐occurring within two independent above‐ and belowground networks. Climatic legacies explained a significant portion of the variation in the current community assembly of terrestrial ecosystems (up to 15.4%) that could not be accounted for by current climate, soil properties, and management. Changes in the relative abundance of ecological clusters linked to climatic legacies (e.g., past temperature) showed the potential to indirectly alter other clusters, suggesting cascading effects. Our work illustrates the role of climatic legacies in regulating ecosystem community assembly and provides further insights into possible winner and loser community assemblies under global change scenarios.
Between inequality and difference: the creole world in the twenty‐first century
Authors: ERIKSEN THOMAS HYLLAND 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA major theme in contemporary social theory is the questioning and destabilization of boundaries – self/other, culture/nature and gender being the most obvious areas. Not least for this reason, creole identities, ostensibly premised on openness and mixing, deserve renewed attention. Although the term creolization, as borrowed from linguistics, is sometimes used in a broad comparative sense, the creole world refers to the outcome of a particular historical experience, namely that of displacement, slavery, emancipation and its aftermath reverberating into the present. Key terms are uprootedness, cultural mixing and creole languages existing in diglossic situations with metropolitan ones. Creole intellectuals in the Caribbean have celebrated the cultural creativity characteristic of these societies but have been criticized for ignoring class, racism and gender issues. By embracing the egalitarianism and openness of creoledom, they have become vulnerable to criticism of being handmaidens of neoliberalism or neocolonialism. Controversies over creole identity are related to fundamental questions in anthropology. Drawing on material mainly from the Indian Ocean region, in this article I attempt to create a dialogue between debates over creole identity and theoretical questions raised in social and cultural theory concerning the relationship between cultural difference and social inequality.
Transgenic mice that accept Luciferase‐ or GFP‐expressing syngeneic tumor cells at high efficiencies
Authors: Aoyama Naoki , Miyoshi Hiroyuki , Miyachi Hitoshi , Sonoshita Masahiro , Okabe Masaru , Taketo Makoto Mark 
Published: May 2018

Jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) and firefly luciferase can serve as versatile tracking markers for identification and quantification of transplanted cancer cells in vivo. However, immune reactions against these markers can hamper the formation of syngraft tumors and metastasis that follows. Here, we report two transgenic (Tg) mouse lines that express nonfunctional mutant marker proteins, namely modified firefly luciferase (Luc2) or enhanced GFP (EGFP). These mice, named as Tg‐mLuc2 and Tg‐mEGFP, turned out to be immunologically tolerant to the respective tracking markers and thus efficiently accepted syngeneic cancer cells expressing the active forms of the markers. We then injected intrarectally the F1 hybrid Tg mice (BALB/c × C57BL/6J) with Colon‐26 (C26) colon cancer cells that originated from a BALB/c mouse. Even when C26 cells expressed active Luc2 or EGFP, they formed primary tumors in the Tg mice with only 104 cells per mouse compared with more than 106 cells required in the nontransgenic BALB/c hosts. Furthermore, we detected metastatic foci of C26 cells in the liver and lungs of the Tg mice by tracking the specific reporter activities. These results show the usefulness of the Tg mouse lines as recipients for transplantation experiments with the non‐self tracking marker‐expressing cells.
Tetragonality enhancement in BaTiO3 by mechanical activation of the starting BaCO3 and TiO2 powders: Characterization of the contribution of the mechanical activation and postmilling calcination phenomena
Authors: Moghtada Abdolmajid , Heidary Moghadam Ali , Ashiri Rouholah 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBy‐products including unwanted phase formation and/or unreacted starting materials are normally seen in the outcome of solid‐state synthesis approaches used in the literature for powder processing of advanced materials; this drawback requires critical attention and must be addressed in the new synthesis pathways in order to obtain quality powder products. A high energy mechanical milling approach was developed in this work. Addressing the drawback, the starting materials were mechanically activated by a high energy ball mill before their mixing step. It was found that highly pure barium titanate nanopowders with high tetragonality character are obtained using the approach developed here. The work also characterized tetragonality, role of the mechanical activation and postmilling thermal treatment on structure, phase formation and morphology of the obtained powder products. It was found that the mechanical activation accelerates the kinetic of formation of barium titanate and enhances the purity and tetragonality of the final products. The mechanism behind this achievement and the related reaction pattern are disclosed in this work. In order to obtain highly pure tetragonal barium titanate, a calcination temperature of 1173 K (900°C) after 30 hours mechanical activation is necessary; if these requirements are not satisfied, the final powder product contains impure phases and/or unreacted starting materials. The results also indicated that the processing conditions result in enhancement of tetragonality character of the final powder products. It seems that the method developed here can be used as a generalized methodology for obtaining the quality highly pure monosized nanocrystals of the mixed oxides for assembling in nanotechnology.
Quality assessment of hydroxyapatite derived from bovine bone wastes
Authors: Inyang Adijat Omowumi , Ibitoye Simeon Ademola 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMusculoskeletal replacement parts are increasingly evolving globally. However, the high cost associated with these parts calls for innovative yet affordable candidate materials. Therefore, this study involves the local production of hydroxyapatite from bovine bone wastes using an unconventional drying technique and its characterization as an alternative material for bone substitutes. The bovine bones used are safe from prions or infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and were further processed using calcination means that excludes possible existing disease. The results obtained from various analyses of the calcined powder confirmed the formation of HAp phase in substantial amount. The preparation was found to be economically viable and production route was time‐ and cost‐ effective.
Écart salarial entre hommes et femmes au début de la vie active: mise en évidence dans un exemple allemand
Authors: BEHR Andreas , THEUNE Katja 
Published: May 2018

RésuméLes auteurs recherchent l'écart salarial entre hommes et femmes dans une population de jeunes diplômés allemands, y compris selon la position dans la distribution des salaires. Ils décomposent cet écart par la méthode à indice des compétences de DiNardo, Fortin et Lemieux (1996) et Fortin et Lemieux (1998), faisant la part entre effet de dotation, effet de prix et effet du rendement des compétences. L'analyse fait apparaître une prime salariale masculine systématique, mais plus ou moins marquée selon le quantile. En outre, les effets de dotation et de prix favorisent les hommes, annulant l'influence d'un effet du rendement des compétences favorable aux femmes.
Las diferencias salariales entre países en la Unión Europea
Authors: PEREIRA João , GALEGO Aurora 
Published: May 2018

ResumenSe investigan los determinantes de las brechas salariales entre países de la Unión Europea a lo largo de la distribución salarial según la propuesta metodológica de Firpo, Fortin y Lemieux (2009) y de Fortin, Lemieux y Firpo (2011). Los efectos de estructura salarial y de composición inciden en las diferencias salariales, aunque el primero de una manera más marcada. Este efecto se deriva de las diferencias entre factores desconocidos, mientras que el efecto de composición se explica principalmente por las diferencias en materia de educación, proporción de trabajadores con responsabilidades de supervisión, estructura ocupacional y, en menor medida, estructura de la actividad económica.
Predictive power of the DASA‐IV: Variations in rating method and timescales
Authors: Nqwaku Mphindisi , Draycott Simon , Aldridge‐Waddon Luke , Bush Emma‐Louise , Tsirimokou Alexandra , Jones Dominic , Puzzo Ignazio 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis project evaluated the predictive validity of the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression – Inpatient Version (DASA‐IV) in a high‐secure psychiatric hospital in the UK over 24 hours and over a single nursing shift. DASA‐IV scores from three sequential nursing shifts over a 24‐hour period were compared with the mean (average of three scores across the 24‐hour period) and peak (highest of the three scores across the 24‐hour period) scores across these shifts. In addition, scores from a single nursing shift were used to predict aggressive incidents over each of the following three shifts. The DASA‐IV was completed by nursing staff during handover meetings, rating 43 male psychiatric inpatients over a period of 6 months. Data were compared to incident reports recorded over the same period. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and generalized estimating equations assessed the predictive ability of various DASA‐IV scores over 24‐hour and single‐shift timescales. Scores from the DASA‐IV based on a single shift had moderate predictive ability for aggressive incidents occurring the next calendar day, whereas scores based on all three shifts had excellent predictive ability. DASA‐IV scores from a single shift showed moderate predictive ability for each of the following three shifts. The DASA‐IV has excellent predictive ability for aggressive incidents within a secure setting when data are summarized over a 24‐hour period, as opposed to when a single rating is taken. In addition, it has moderate value for predicting incidents over even shorter timescales.
Generalist health professional's interactions with consumers who have a mental illness in nonmental health settings: A systematic review of the qualitative research
Authors: Brunero Scott , Ramjan Lucie M. , Salamonson Yenna , Nicholls Daniel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGeneralist health professionals (GHPs) or those healthcare professionals working in nonmental health facilities are increasingly being required to provide care to consumers with a mental illness. The review aimed to synthesize the qualitative research evidence on the meanings and interpretations made by GHPs (nonmental health professional) who interact with consumers with mental illness in nonmental health settings. A systematic review of the qualitative literature was undertaken for the years 1994–2016. The following electronic databases were searched: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Sociological Abstracts. Using narrative synthesis methods, the following themes were identified: mental health knowledge (the GHPs’ knowledge level about mental illness and how this impacts their experiences and perceptions); GHPs perceive mental illness as a safety risk (GHPs concern over harm to the consumer and themselves); organizational support (the system response from the environmental design, and expert support and care); and emotional consequences of care (the feelings expressed by GHPs based on their experiences and perceptions of consumers). The results suggest that GHPs provide care in a setting which consists of multiple understandings of what care means. Efforts beyond educational initiatives such as organizational and system‐level changes will need to be implemented if we are to progress care for this consumer group.