bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successes and final challenges along the HIV care continuum with transwomen in San Francisco
Authors: Baguso Glenda N , Turner Caitlin M , Santos Glenn‐Milo , Raymond H Fisher , Dawson‐Rose Carol , Lin Jess , Wilson Erin C 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionTo examine the HIV care continuum for transwomen living in San Francisco and to determine factors associated with poor HIV‐related health outcomes.MethodsData were collected from 2016 to 2017 with transwomen in San Francisco. Respondent‐driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit a population‐based sample. Bivariate associations were assessed, and RDS‐weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations between exposures and outcomes along the HIV care continuum.ResultsOf the 123 self‐identified transwomen in this analysis, ages ranged from 23 to 71 years with a majority identifying as Latina (40.8%) and African American (29.2%). An estimate of 14.3% of participants were not engaged in care, 13% were not currently on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 22.2% had a self‐reported detectable viral load and 13.5% had unknown viral load. Those using hormones had lower odds of not being on ART compared to those who did not use hormones. Those with unstable housing had a higher relative risk ratio of having a detectable viral load. Those who experienced both anti‐trans discrimination and racism had higher odds of not being in HIV care.ConclusionsSan Francisco has made substantial progress engaging transwomen in the HIV care continuum, but the final push to ensure viral suppression will require addressing social determinants. Future interventions to increase HIV care engagement, ART use and viral suppression among transwomen must address housing needs and risks related to the overlapping effect of both anti‐trans discrimination and racism.
Frontline Science: Concanavalin A-induced acute hepatitis is attenuated in vitamin D receptor knockout mice with decreased immune cell function
Authors: Umeda Naoki , Endo-Umeda Kaori , Nakashima Hiroyuki , Kato Shigeaki , Seki Shuhji , Makishima Makoto 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a nuclear receptor for the active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and regulates various physiologic processes, such as bone and calcium metabolism, cellular proliferation and differentiation, and immunity. VDR is highly expressed in the intestine, kidney, bone, and macrophages, but is expressed at a low level in the liver. The liver is a major metabolic organ and also acts as an immune gateway for dietary nutrients and xenobiotics. In this study, we investigated the function of VDR in hepatic immune cells, such as Kupffer cells/macrophages, utilizing VDR knockout (KO) mice. We showed that VDR is functionally expressed in hepatic mononuclear cells, specifically resident Kupffer cells. We examined the role of VDR in acute hepatitis induced by concanavalin A (Con-A) and found that Con-A-induced hepatitis is attenuated in VDR-KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Con-A-induced hepatitis is known to be mediated by NKT cell activation, cytokine production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in Kupffer cells/macrophages. However, the proportions of Kupffer cells/macrophages and the NKT cell activation were similar in the liver of WT and VDR-KO mice and inflammatory cytokine gene expression was increased in VDR-KO mice. On the other hand, plasma and hepatic ROS levels were decreased in the liver of VDR-KO mice compared to WT mice. The phagocytic activity of resident Kupffer cells and hepatic neutrophils were also decreased in VDR-KO mice. Therefore, VDR is necessary for Con-A-induced acute hepatitis and plays an important role in hepatic immune cell functions.
De novo prediction of the elemental composition of peptides and proteins based on a single mass
Authors: Claesen Jürgen , Valkenborg Dirk , Burzykowski Tomasz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIdentification of peptides and proteins is a common task in mass spectrometry–based proteomics but often fails to deliver a comprehensive list of identifications. Downstream analysis, quantitative or qualitative, depends on the outcome of this process. Despite continuous improvement of computational methods, a large fraction of the screened peptides and/or proteins remains unidentified.We introduce here pacMASS, a method that de novo predicts the elemental composition of peptides and small proteins based on a single accurate mass, ie, the observed monoisotopic or average mass. This novel approach returns in a fast and memory efficient manner a limited number of elemental compositions per queried peptide or protein.
Simulation of extreme temperatures using a new method: TIN‐copula
Authors: Lazoglou Georgia , Gräler Benedikt , Anagnostopoulou Christina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn climatology, there is a clear need for more reliable data, especially in regions where no meteorological stations exist. Different statistical methods as well as regional climate models are usually used for covering areas with limited data. However, important biases between real and simulated climate parameters are observed, especially with respect to extremes. The present study introduces a new statistical method that combines triangular irregular networks and copulas for the simulation of extreme maximum and minimum temperatures. According to the new method, a studied region can be divided into triangles, and a data series can be simulated for every unknown x‐point in each triangle. The simulation of new data series is based on both the distances between the unknown point and the triangle vertices and the observational data available at each vertex. The statistical evaluation of this new method was successful and further demonstrated that the size of the triangle as well as the climatic characteristics of the stations at the triangle vertices can significantly affect the final results. The present investigation proposes the triangular irregular network‐copula method for the simulation of extreme temperatures, as the projections provided by this method are shown to approach the observed extremes values for individual meteorological stations.
Development of a Biconcave Mobile‐Bearing Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty Concept Using Finite Element Analysis and Design Optimization
Authors: Zhou Chaochao , Willing Ryan 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTTotal disc arthroplasty (TDA) is a motion‐preserving surgical treatment for spinal disorders. However, adverse surgical outcomes, such as abnormal kinematics, facet joint (FJ) overloading, and polyethylene (PE) failures, have limited wide application of lumbar TDAs. The objectives of this computational study were to elucidate how implant design and FJ articulation both influence metal‐on‐polyethylene (MoP) motion and contact mechanics, as well as to propose and refine a new mobile‐bearing TDA concept which enhanced postoperative performance. Simulation results show that abnormal motions (lift‐off and/or unsymmetrical motion) are alleviated in fixed‐/mobile‐bearing TDA‐treated segments, as the FJ gap increases. It clearly demonstrates that FJ articulation guides segmental motion and interferes with intended MoP articulation. For an existing biconvex mobile‐bearing design, component impingement leads to a peak PE stress of 20.8 MPa (yield stress: 13 MPa), indicating a high risk of PE creep/fracture. Therefore, we proposed a new TDA concept featuring a biconcave PE core with a smooth shape, in order to strengthen the PE rim and mitigate edge‐loading. Furthermore, the biconcave‐core TDA was optimally designed to promote normal segmental range of motion (ROM), or to minimize polyethylene contact pressure (PCP). In extension (the severest loading scenario), the biconvex‐core TDA design caused a ROM 3.6° (+88%) greater than the intact segment and a peak PCP of 116.5 MPa. In contrast, ROM‐optimal or PCP‐optimal biconcave‐core TDA designs decreased the ROM difference to 0.0° or the peak PCP to 24.3 MPa. Therefore, this new TDA design can potentially reduce the incidence of hypermotion and PE damage. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1805–1816, 2019
Utilizing Multiple BioMEMS Sensors to Monitor Orthopaedic Strain and Predict Bone Fracture Healing
Authors: Wolynski Jakob G. , Sutherland Conor J. , Demir Hilmi Volkan , Unal Emre , Alipour Akbar , Puttlitz Christian M. , McGilvray Kirk C. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTCurrent diagnostic modalities, such as radiographs or computed tomography, exhibit limited ability to predict the outcome of bone fracture healing. Failed fracture healing after orthopaedic surgical treatments are typically treated by secondary surgery; however, the negative correlation of time between primary and secondary surgeries with resultant health outcome and medical cost accumulation drives the need for improved diagnostic tools. This study describes the simultaneous use of multiple (n = 5) implantable flexible substrate wireless microelectromechanical (fsBioMEMS) sensors adhered to an intramedullary nail (IMN) to quantify the biomechanical environment along the length of fracture fixation hardware during simulated healing in ex vivo ovine tibiae. This study further describes the development of an antenna array for interrogation of five fsBioMEMS sensors simultaneously, and quantifies the ability of these sensors to transmit signal through overlaying soft tissues. The ex vivo data indicated significant differences associated with sensor location on the IMN (p < 0.01) and fracture state (p < 0.01). These data indicate that the fsBioMEMS sensor can serve as a tool to diagnose the current state of fracture healing, and further supports the use of the fsBioMEMS as a means to predict fracture healing due to the known existence of latency between changes in fracture site material properties and radiographic changes. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1873–1880, 2019
T2* Mapping of the Adult Intervertebral Lumbar Disc: Normative Data and Analysis of Diurnal Effects
Authors: Kolf Anna‐Katharina , Konieczny Markus , Hesper Tobias , Hosalkar HarishS , Schleich Christoph , Antoch Gerald , Krauspe Rüdiger , Bittersohl Bernd 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn this prospective study, we sought to establish normative data for T2* analysis of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs). Further, potential diurnal effects regarding T2* relaxometry of the lower spine were examined. Lumbar IVDs of young, healthy, adult men (n = 20) and women (n = 20; mean age = 24.5 ± 2.9 years) were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging including T2* mapping was performed on a 3‐T scanner. Mid‐sagittal T2* values were obtained in five regions: anterior annulus fibrosus (AF), anterior nucleus pulposus (NP), central NP, posterior NP, and posterior AF. Zonal and segmental differences, as well as diurnal variations between the T2* analysis in the morning and the evening and effects of unloading, were analyzed. Discs with signs of degeneration on morphological images or imaging artifacts were excluded. We noted a zonal and segmental T2* distribution with high values in the NP, low T2* values in the AF and a T2* increase towards the caudal NP. We observed no diurnal differences between the mean T2* values in the morning and in the evening (p = 0.748). The effect of unloading the spine was low (maximum T2* difference between four measurements = 13.6 ms; significant difference noted only between the 0 and 15‐min measurement). The T2* values obtained in this study will serve as normative values for future T2* measurements. There are no diurnal influences, and we suggest that unloading of the spine has no demonstrable effect after 30 min on the T2* results. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1956–1962, 2019
Morphology of Mouse Anterior Cruciate Ligament‐Complex Changes Following Exercise During Pubertal Growth
Authors: Schlecht Stephen H. , Martin Colin T. , Ochocki Danielle N. , Nolan Bonnie T. , Wojtys Edward M. , Ashton‐Miller James A. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTPostnatal development and the physiological loading response of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) complex (ACL proper, entheses, and bony morphology) is not well understood. We tested whether the ACL‐complex of two inbred mouse strains that collectively encompass the musculoskeletal variation observed in humans would demonstrate significant morphological differences following voluntary cage‐wheel running during puberty compared with normal cage activity controls. Female A/J and C57BL/6J (B6) 6‐week‐old mice were provided unrestricted access to a standard cage‐wheel for 4 weeks. A/J‐exercise mice showed a 6.3% narrower ACL (p = 0.64), and a 20.1% more stenotic femoral notch (p < 0.01) while B6‐exercise mice showed a 12.3% wider ACL (p = 0.10), compared with their respective controls. Additionally, A/J‐exercise mice showed a 5.3% less steep posterior medial tibial slope (p = 0.07) and an 8.8% less steep posterior lateral tibial slope (p = 0.07), while B6‐exercise mice showed a 9.8% more steep posterior medial tibial slope (p < 0.01) than their respective controls. A/J‐exercise mice also showed more reinforcement of the ACL tibial enthesis with a 20.4% larger area (p < 0.01) of calcified fibrocartilage distributed at a 29.2% greater depth (p = 0.02) within the tibial enthesis, compared with their controls. These outcomes suggest exercise during puberty significantly influences ACL‐complex morphology and that inherent morphological differences between these mice, as observed in their less active genetically similar control groups, resulted in a divergent phenotypic outcome between mouse strains. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1910–1919, 2019
The Complex Relationship Between In Vivo ACL Elongation and Knee Kinematics During Walking and Running
Authors: Nagai Kanto , Gale Tom , Chiba Daisuke , Su Favian , Fu FreddieH , Anderst William 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTIn vivo anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) bundle (anteromedial bundle [AMB] and posterolateral bundle [PLB]) relative elongation during walking and running remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate in vivo ACL relative elongation over the full gait cycle during walking and running. Ten healthy volunteers walked and ran at a self‐selected pace on an instrumented treadmill while biplane radiographs of the knee were acquired at 100 Hz (walking) and 150 Hz (running). Tibiofemoral kinematics were determined using a validated model‐based tracking process. The boundaries of ACL insertions were identified using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The AMB and PLB centroid‐to‐centroid distances were calculated from the tracked bone motions, and these bundle lengths were normalized to their respective lengths on MRI to calculate relative elongation. Maximum AMB relative elongation during running (6.7 ± 2.1%) was significantly greater than walking (5.0 ± 1.7%, p = 0.043), whereas the maximum PLB relative elongation during running (1.1 ± 2.1%) was significantly smaller than walking (3.4 ± 2.3%, p = 0.014). During running, the maximum AMB relative elongation was significantly greater than the maximum PLB relative elongation (p < 0.001). ACL relative elongations were correlated with tibiofemoral six degree‐of‐freedom kinematics. The AMB and PLB demonstrate similar elongation patterns but different amounts of relative elongation during walking and running. The complex relationship observed between ACL relative elongation and knee kinematics indicates that ACL relative elongation is impacted by tibiofemoral kinematic parameters in addition to flexion/extension. These findings suggest that ACL strain is region‐specific during walking and running. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1920–1928, 2019
Three‐Dimensional In Vivo Analysis of Malunited Distal Radius Fractures With Restricted Forearm Rotation
Authors: Abe Shingo , Oka Kunihiro , Miyamura Satoshi , Shigi Atsuo , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Murase Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTMalunited distal radius fractures (DRFs) occasionally restrict forearm rotation, but the underlying pathology remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of rotational restriction by retrospective analysis of 23 patients with unilateral malunited DRFs who presented restricted forearm rotation. We conducted computed tomography during forearm rotation on both sides. Three‐dimensional (3D) bone surface models of the forearm were created, and 3D deformity of the distal radius, translation of the distal radius relative to the ulna, distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) contact area, and estimated path length (EPL) of distal radioulnar ligaments (DRUL) during forearm rotation were evaluated. In total, 18 patients had dorsal angular deformities (DA group) and five had volar angular deformities (VA group). In the DA group, the closest point between the distal radius and ulna on DRUJ was displaced to the volar side during supination and pronation (p < 0.001); DRUJ contact area was not significantly different between the DA and normal groups. In bone–ligament model simulation, the EPL of dorsal DRUL was longer in the DA group than in the normal group (p < 0.001); opposite phenomena were observed in the VA group. In the DA group, translation of the distal radius in a volar direction relative to the ulna during pronation was impaired presumably due to dorsal DRUL tightness. Anatomical normal reduction of the distal radius by corrective osteotomy may improve forearm rotation by improving triangular fibrocartilage complex tightness and normalizing translation of the distal radius relative to the ulna. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1881–1891, 2019
Alternative Interleukin 17A/F Locus Haplotypes Are Associated With Increased Risk to Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Eftedal RandiK , Vrgoc Goran , Jotanovic Zdravko , Dembic Zlatko 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTWe studied the genetic epidemiology of primary large‐joint (hip and knee) osteoarthritis (OA), in order to find disease risk factors by a candidate‐gene approach. We used case–control study in the Croatian Caucasian population. We genotyped 500 OA patients (260 hip, 240 knee; both with total joint replacements) and 597 healthy individuals for single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin 17A (IL17A) (rs2275913) and IL17F (rs763780 and rs1889570) genes. On the basis of our population and allelic and genotypic frequencies haplotypes were predicted by PHASE software and compared between patients and controls. The three‐SNP haplotype (rs2275913–rs763780–rs1889570) G–C–A confers predisposition to hip (p < 0.005) but not knee OA. The three‐SNP haplotype having opposed nucleotides A–T–G was found significantly associated with 2.6 times higher risk for developing knee (p < 0.02) but not hip OA. The haplotype G–T (IL17A–IL17F; rs2275913–rs763780) is associated with protection to the disease in hip OA (p < 0.01). Our analyses show that two disparate haplotypes within the IL17A‐F gene locus are associated with higher risk to developing hip and knee OA in the Croatian population. The data might suggest a difference in the etiology of hip OA from that of the knee OA, perhaps due to an unknown dissimilarity in vulnerability of these joints to the actions of IL17. Alternatively, other differences in genetic factors like the long non‐protein coding region LINCMD1 and/or microRNA species like miR133b and miR206 found in the vicinity of the IL17 locus might be involved in the observed risk. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:1972–1978, 2019
Blocking CCN2 Reduces Progression of Sensorimotor Declines and Fibrosis in a Rat Model of Chronic Repetitive Overuse
Authors: Barbe Mary F. , Hilliard Brendan A. , Delany Sean P. , Iannarone Victoria J. , Harris Michele Y. , Amin Mamta , Cruz Geneva E. , Barreto‐Cruz Yeidaliz , Tran Ngih ,  Day Emily P. , Hobson Lucas J. , Assari Soroush , Popoff Steven N. 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTFibrosis may be a key factor in sensorimotor dysfunction in patients with chronic overuse‐induced musculoskeletal disorders. Using a clinically relevant rodent model, in which performance of a high demand handle‐pulling task induces tissue fibrosis and sensorimotor declines, we pharmacologically blocked cellular communication network factor 2 (CCN2; connective tissue growth factor) with the goal of reducing the progression of these changes. Young adult, female Sprague–Dawley rats were shaped to learn to pull at high force levels (10 min/day, 5 weeks), before performing a high repetition high force (HRHF) task for 3 weeks (2 h/day, 3 days/week). HRHF rats were untreated, or treated in task weeks 2 and 3 with a monoclonal antibody that blocks CCN2 (FG‐3019), or a control immunoglobulin G (IgG). Control rats were untreated or received FG‐3019, IgG, or vehicle (saline) injections. Mean task reach rate and grasp force were higher in 3‐week HRHF + FG‐3019 rats, compared with untreated HRHF rats. Grip strength declined while forepaw mechanical sensitivity increased in untreated HRHF rats, compared with controls; changes improved by FG‐3019 treatment. The HRHF task increased collagen in multiple tissues (flexor digitorum muscles, nerves, and forepaw dermis), which was reduced with FG‐3019 treatment. FG‐3019 treatment also reduced HRHF‐induced increases in CCN2 and transforming growth factor β in muscles. In tendons, FG‐3019 reduced HRHF‐induced increases in CCN2, epitendon thickening, and cell proliferation. Our findings indicate that CCN2 is critical to the progression of chronic overuse‐induced multi‐tissue fibrosis and functional declines. FG‐3019 treatment may be a novel therapeutic strategy for overuse‐induced musculoskeletal disorders. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 37:2004–2018, 2019
Determination of imidacloprid and its relevant metabolites in tomato using modified QuEChERS combined with ultrahigh‐pressure liquid chromatography/Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Junfang , Jiang Yuwei , Li Deqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRed tomato processing is one of the leading industries in Xinjiang, but also the largest export industry. In the process of tomato planting, imidacloprid (IMI) is often used to kill aphids, which poses the risk of pesticide residue. However, as daily consumables, pesticide residue on tomatoes may cause a potential threat to human health. Therefore the aims of this research were to study the residue dynamics of IMI pesticides in tomatoes by monitoring field experiments and to investigate the fate of IMI and its metabolites under Xinjiang field conditions.RESULTSIn the field trials, three different doses of IMI were sprayed on tomato during the fruit setting stage. Degradation of IMI and residue behaviors of its metabolites at different stages were systemically traced and evaluated by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐Orbitrap MS). An accurate mass tool was used as the main method to identify the IMI metabolites. The improved method showed high efficiency in detecting IMI and 6‐chlorinated nicotinic acid (6‐CNA), being able to determine hazardous pesticides at trace levels. The fate of IMI in field tomato was investigated over 28 days. The metabolic mechanism of IMI in tomato is: OH products in the early stage and carbonyl products in the late stage.CONCLUSIONUnder natural conditions, pesticides in tomatoes will gradually decrease with time. In this process, olefin IMI is produced, but it is almost completely metabolized after 28 days. Therefore even 10 times the recommended dose of IMI pesticide will not endanger human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry