bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between psychosocial adaptation and health‐related quality of life of patients with stoma: A descriptive, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xian Hongtao , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiaoxue , Wang Xinran 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between psychosocial adaptation and quality of life of patients with ostomies and to provide reference data for clinical care practice.BackgroundSurgical enterostomy impacts the life of patient. Most patients are transferred to home or community hospital after discharge and require long‐term nursing care. These patients typically face problems with physical, psychological and social adaptation.DesignDescriptive, cross‐sectional study.MethodsBetween March 2017–June 2017, the following questionnaires were electronically administered to 1,053 patients with enterostomy residing in 22 provinces, 4 autonomous regions for ethnic minorities and 4 direct‐controlled municipalities in China: Social Support Revalued Scale, validated Chinese version of Ostomy Adjustment Inventory and Stoma‐Quality of life‐Chinese. Univariate analysis, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to assess the relationship between adaptation level and quality of life of patients with enterostomy, in order to provide reference data for clinical care practice and further improve the quality of life of these patients. The STROBE checklist was used in reporting this study.ResultsThe mean score for psychosocial adaptation was 43.13 ± 13.09, which corresponded to a medium level; the mean score for quality of life was 56.54 ± 16.87. The level of psychosocial adaptation and each dimension showed a positive correlation with the quality of life of patient and each dimension (r = 0.349–0.890, p < 0.01). Univariate analysis revealed a signification association of quality of life with education level, medical payment method, area of residence, peristomal complications, regular defecation, occurrence of leaking, ability for self‐care of stoma, communication between patient and medical staff, and knowledge and skills pertaining to care of stoma. Results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that psychosocial adaptation level was a predictor of quality of life (R2 = 0.708; p < 0.001).ConclusionsIn this study, the quality of life of patients with enterostomy was generally of a medium level. The level of psychosocial adaptation of the patient was closely linked to quality of life. During clinical care, concerted efforts should be made to encourage the patients to deal with the stoma positively and to help the patient and their families accept the stoma and change of image to reduce the adaption course and improve the quality of life.Relevance to clinical practicePatients tend to take a long time to adapt to the stoma after ostomy formation. Facilitating the adjustment of patients with enterostomy may improve their quality of life. Medical care providers should focus more attention on patients who have lower ostomy adjustment scores.
The experiences of physical activity in irritable bowel syndrome—A qualitative study
Authors: Johannesson Elisabet , Jakobsson Ung Eva , Ringström Gisela , Sadik Riadh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore experiences of physical activity in patients with Irritable bowel syndrome.BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome is a common functional bowel disorder. The knowledge of physical activity in Irritable bowel syndrome is limited and has not been qualitatively studied before.MethodsWe adopted a qualitative approach and a hermeneutic analysis. Fifteen patients with Irritable bowel syndrome (10 women) with a median age of 52 (31–78) years were interviewed. The Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research was used.ResultsTwo themes emerged from the data: requirements of physical activity and capability for physical activity. The first of these consisted of five subthemes: add additional value, enable transportation, maintain health, cultivate interests and give a feeling of belonging. These qualities were the patients’ requirements of physical activity and comprised the patients’ motives and reasons for being physically active. The second consisted of four subthemes: life situation, earlier experiences, self‐image, and symptom variation and described the possibility and resources to be physically active in everyday life. The patients made active choices to adjust their physical activity in terms of type, intensity and amount. The two main themes affect each other reciprocally.ConclusionsThe requirements of and capabilities for physical activity should be taken into account when giving advice to patients on physical activity. Physical activity for a person with Irritable bowel syndrome is about finding activities which meet the patient's individual requirements of and capability for physical activity.Relevance to clinical practiceThis qualitative study on the experience pf physical activity in Irritable bowel syndrome provides knowledge to facilitate promoting physical activity among patients suffering from Irritable bowel syndrome. This knowledge can be used in other diagnosis.
Does Having an Affiliated Bank Improve Life Insurer Performance in a Turbulent Market?
Authors: Chiang Chia‐Chun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractI find that life insurers with bank affiliates had higher premium growth rates than did other life insurers in 2008. The higher growth is derived mainly from annuity products (deposit‐type insurance products), which are often viewed as substitutes for bank certificates of deposit (CDs). The growth effect is consistent with cross‐selling between affiliated banks and affiliated life insurers. The spread between the guaranteed rates on annuity products and CDs in financial conglomerates widened in 2008, consistent with headquarters differentiating prices to move customers within the same group. In addition, the premium growth effect in 2008 is stronger for life insurers that suffered larger balance sheet shocks, as measured by the change in the risk‐based capital (RBC) ratio. The results support that headquarters used internal markets to reallocate resources to weaker divisions.
Teachers' Perspectives on Creating an Inclusive Climate in Middle School Physical Education for Overweight Students
Authors: Rukavina Paul , Doolittle Sarah , Li Weidong , Beale‐Tawfeeq Angela , Manson Mara 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDEstablishing and maintaining a positive, inclusive social climate in school is essential, especially given the many potential social pressures that make school a toxic environment for vulnerable students. We explored middle school physical education (PE) teachers' perceptions of the factors that influence the implementation of social‐oriented approaches to include overweight and obese students.METHODSWe used a qualitative multicase study design guided by the Social Ecological Constraints model to study 9 PE teachers' perspectives and actions. We analyzed the transcripts of semistructured interviews, field notes, and artifacts related to teaching, PE programs, and school policies. Trust was established in conventional ways.RESULTSSocial‐ecological factors influenced teachers including program and school culture, policies, and norms of collaboration. Teachers acted beyond their instructional setting level strategies and used school‐program level strategies to socially include overweight and obese in PE.CONCLUSIONSSome environments challenge employment of more than simple accommodations and a caring attitude; in others, teachers can collaborate with other school personnel to teach social goals through negotiating constraints, creating ingenious modifications and interactive tasks, and incorporating personal and social skills as a primary curricular goal.
First report of Alternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries.) Kiessler on Sonchus oleraceus L. and Convolvulus arvensis L. in Algeria
Authors: Abdessemed Nesma , Kerroum Ali , Bahet Youssef Anis , Talbi Nacèra , Zermane Nadjia 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlternaria leaf spot caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries.) Kiessler was found on sow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus L.) and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) in the experimental station of ENSA (Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie) in Algiers, Algeria, during the winter of 2016. Necrotic spots in the form of concentric circles were observed on the leaves of both weeds with disease incidence of approximately 70% and disease severity ranging from 50% to 70%. Fungi were isolated from the infected leaves and identified as A. alternata, based on morphological and molecular analyses (using genetic marker internal transcribed spacer, ITS of rDNA). Pathogenicity tests confirmed that A. alternata is the causing agent of leaf spot disease of sow thistle and field bindweed in accordance with the original symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sow thistle and field bindweed naturally infected by A. alternata in Algeria.
Rural‐Urban Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences Across a National Sample of Children
Authors: Crouch Elizabeth , Radcliff Elizabeth , Probst Janice C. , Bennett Kevin J. , McKinney Selina Hunt 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) exposure in 34 states and the District of Columbia, and whether exposure differs between rural and urban residents.Methods: This cross‐sectional study used data from the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), restricted to states in which rural versus urban residence was indicated in the public use data (n = 25,977 respondents). Bivariate analyses were used to estimate unadjusted associations. Multivariable regression models were run to examine the association between residence (rural or urban) and ACE counts of 4 or more.Findings: Compared to urban children, rural children had higher rates of exposure to the majority of the ACEs examined: parental separation/divorce, parental death, household incarceration, household violence, household mental illness, household substance abuse, and economic hardship. In adjusted analysis, there was no significant difference for rural children compared to urban children. The odds of 4 or more ACEs decrease as poverty levels decline, with children residing 0%‐99% below the federal poverty line more likely to have reported 4 or more ACEs, compared to children residing 400% or above the federal poverty line (aOR 4.02; CI: 2.65‐6.11).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that poverty is a key policy lever that may mitigate the burden of ACE exposure. The findings of this study may be instructive for policymakers and program planners as they develop interventions to stop, reduce, or mitigate ACE exposure and the long‐term impact of ACEs among children in rural America.
Diagnostic value of noninvasive pulse pressure measurements in Warmblood horses with aortic regurgitation
Authors: Boegli Julia , Schwarzwald Colin C. , Mitchell Katharyn J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundNoninvasive blood pressures (NIBP) and pulse pressures (PP) have not been published in horses with aortic and mitral regurgitation (AR or MR).ObjectivesTo investigate NIBP and PP in healthy Warmblood horses and horses with AR and MR and propose PP cutoffs to identify and stage AR severity.AnimalsSeventy‐three Warmblood horses (healthy, 10; AR, 31; MR, 32).MethodsRetrospective study. All horses had NIBP and an echocardiogram recorded. Cases were categorized based on severity of regurgitation. Pulse pressures were compared among healthy, MR, and AR groups and among AR severity groups. Cutoffs were determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.ResultsHorses with AR had higher PP than horses with MR (mean difference [95% confidence interval (CI)], +17 [9‐26] mm Hg,P< .001) and controls (+17 [5‐30] mm Hg;P=.004). Horses with severe AR had higher PP compared those with mild (+38 [20‐54] mm Hg;P< 0.001) and moderate AR (+33 [18‐47] mm Hg;P< .001). The PP cutoffs to distinguish AR from MR and controls were 38 mm Hg (sensitivity [Sn], 100%; specificity [Sp], 19%) for maximal Sn and 61 mm Hg (Sn, 43%; Sp, 100%) for maximal Sp. The PP cutoffs to distinguish severe AR from mild and moderate AR were 57 mm Hg (Sn, 100%; Sp, 70%) for maximal Sn and 77 mm Hg (Sn, 75%; Sp, 100%) for maximal Sp.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHorses with AR have increased PP. Noninvasive PP measurements interpreted with provided cutoffs may aid clinicians in diagnosing and staging severity of AR in horses.
Supervenience, Repeatability, & Expressivism
Authors: Atiq Emad H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExpressivists traditionally explain normative supervenience by saying it is a conceptual truth. I argue against this tradition in two steps. First, I show the modal claim that stands in need of explanation has been stated imprecisely. Classic arguments in metaethics for normative supervenience and those that rely on it as a premise presuppose a constraint on the supervenience base that is rarely (if ever) made explicit: the repeatability of the non‐normative properties on which the normative supervenes. Non‐normative properties are repeatable when it is possible for numerically distinct individuals to share them. Second, I show if the modal truth that stands in need of explanation entails that there are individuals exactly alike in repeatable non‐normative respects that cannot normatively differ, then standard expressivist accounts of normative supervenience as a conceptual truth are unsuccessful. Expressivist metasemantics for normative terms, together with constitutive facts about the non‐cognitive attitudes essentially involved in normative thought, strongly suggest that repeatable supervenience could not be a conceptual truth. I argue, finally, that although repeatable supervenience bears the marks of a conceptual truth, expressivists should be content to treat it as an ordinary normative truth, and to explain it the same way they explain other normative truths.
Individual and contextual determinants of dental pain in adolescents: Evidence from a national survey
Authors: Freire Maria C. M. , Nery Newillames G. , Jordão Lidia M. R. , Abreu Mauro H. N. G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of dental pain among adolescent students and its association with individual, school and city variables, using a multilevel approach.Subjects and MethodsIndividual and school data were obtained from the National Adolescent School‐Based Health Survey (PeNSE) conducted in Brazil in 2015 in a sample of 34,776 students from 1,339 schools in the 27 Brazilian capital cities. Secondary data on socioeconomic, structural and health indicators of the cities were obtained from public databases. The outcome was the prevalence of dental pain in the last six months (yes/no). Independent variables, consisting of potential social and behavioural determinants of dental pain, were structured in three levels: individual, school and city. Multilevel logistic regression was performed.ResultsPrevalence of dental pain was 21.8% (95% CI = 21.0–22.7). Unadjusted analysis showed significant associations between the outcome and most of the factors in the individual and in the contextual levels. In the final adjusted model, adolescents who reported unfavourable health‐related behaviours, adverse socioeconomic or psychosocial characteristics, as well as those attending public schools and living in cities with high caries prevalence (DMFT) at age 12, were more likely to report dental pain.ConclusionsPrevalence of dental pain was high and associated with adverse individual and contextual factors in the school and city levels.
Patient satisfaction with a postal service for occlusal splints
Authors: Allison J.R. , Currie C. , Trainor J. , Corson M. , Durham J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimOcclusal splints are an effective intervention for temporomandibular disorders, and are often used in tooth wear, for protection of extensive adhesive restorations, and as a means of applying medications to gingival conditions. Patients may be required to attend a second appointment to fit the device after impressions are taken, however, some units may send the device in the post once constructed. These appliances rarely require modification to fit and are not occlusally adjusted. The aim of the present study was to assess patients’ satisfaction with a postal system for soft splints.Methods100 consecutive patients who had been issued with a soft occlusal splint by post immediately prior to August 2015 were sent a questionnaire assessing their satisfaction with receiving the splint in this manner.ResultsThe response rate was 42%. 93% of respondents reported that their splint fitted correctly and 98% reported that they had used it, with the mean length of wear being 8.7 weeks (SD: 5.7). 81% of patients reported that the splint helped “a lot” or “a little”. 83% of patients reported being “very happy” or “happy”, and 15% were “not bothered” about not seeing a clinician.ConclusionsOur results would suggest that patients are generally pleased with receiving a splint in the post. This system may allow reduced demand on services and may reduce out of pocket and time costs incurred to patients. The low response rate however may affect generalisability.
A high‐throughput transient expression system for rice
Authors: Page Mike T. , Parry Martin A.J. , Carmo‐Silva Elizabete 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRice is an important global crop and represents a vital source of calories for many food insecure regions. Efforts to improve this crop by improving yield, nutritional content, stress tolerance, or resilience to climate change are certain to include biotechnological approaches, which rely on the expression of transgenes in planta. The throughput and cost of currently available transgenic expression systems is frequently incompatible with modern, high‐throughput molecular cloning methods. Here, we present a protocol for isolating high yields of green rice protoplasts and for PEG‐mediated transformation of isolated protoplasts. Factors affecting transformation efficiency were investigated, and the resulting protocol is fast, cheap, robust, high‐throughput, and does not require specialist equipment. When coupled to a high‐throughput modular cloning system such as Golden Gate, this transient expression system provides a valuable resource to help break the “design‐build‐test” bottleneck by permitting the rapid screening of large numbers of transgenic expression cassettes prior to stable plant transformation. We used this system to rapidly assess the expression level, subcellular localisation, and protein aggregation pattern of nine single‐gene expression cassettes, which represent the essential component parts of the β‐cyanobacterial carboxysome.
Interactions between hydrogen sulphide and nitric oxide regulate two soybean citrate transporters during the alleviation of aluminium toxicity
Authors: Wang Huahua , Ji Fang , Zhang Yangyang , Hou Junjie , Liu Wenwen , Huang Junjun , Liang Weihong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydrogen sulphide (H2S) is emerging as an important signalling molecule involved in plant resistance to various stresses. However, the underlying mechanism of H2S in aluminium (Al) resistance and the crosstalk between H2S and nitric oxide (NO) in Al stress signalling remain elusive. Citrate secretion is a wide‐spread strategy for plants against Al toxicity. Here, two citrate transporter genes, GmMATE13 and GmMATE47, were identified and characterized in soybean. Functional analysis in Xenopus oocytes and transgenic Arabidopsis showed that GmMATE13 and GmMATE47 mediated citrate exudation and enhanced Al resistance. Al treatment triggered H2S generation and citrate exudation in soybean roots. Pretreatment with an H2S donor significantly elevated Al‐induced citrate exudation, reduced Al accumulation in root tips, and alleviated Al‐induced inhibition of root elongation, whereas application of an H2S scavenger elicited the opposite effect. Furthermore, H2S and NO mediated Al‐induced GmMATE expression and plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase activity and expression. Further investigation showed that NO induced H2S production by regulating the key enzymes involved in biosynthesis and degradation of H2S. These findings indicate that H2S acts downstream of NO in mediating Al‐induced citrate secretion through the upregulation of PM H+‐ATPase‐coupled citrate transporter cotransport systems, thereby conferring plant resistance to Al toxicity.
Pathogenicity of Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica on recombinant inbred lines from a crossing of Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo × C. pepo subsp. ovifera
Authors: Verdejo‐Lucas S. , Gómez P. , Talavera M. 
Published: April 2019

The response of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of zucchini × scallop (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo ‘Murcia MU‐CU‐16’ × C. pepo subsp. ovifera ‘Scallop UPV‐196’) to Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica was determined after completion of a nematode reproduction cycle in experiments carried out in a growth chamber. The nematode differentiated the C. pepo genotypes at the subspecies level due to lower egg mass production on subspecies pepo than ovifera, and thus subspecies pepo was a poorer host than ovifera. In addition, Murcia MU‐CU‐16 discriminated M. incognita from M. javanica in terms of egg masses (EM), eggs per gram of root and reproduction factor (Rf), whereas Scallop UPV‐196 did so in eggs per gram of root and Rf. The RILs differed in gall formation and EM production depending on the nematode × line combination. Comparisons between nematode isolates resulted in four significant combinations for pathogenic potential (galls/initial population (Pi) × 100), seven for parasitic success (egg masses/Pi × 100), and nine for host efficiency (egg masses/galls per root system × 100) which included all the lines tested against both isolates. Lines that restricted nematode development by at least 90% were considered as having intermediate resistance to M. incognita based on the definition of the International Seed Federation. They included lines 28‐1, 35A, 107A, 110‐3 and 153‐2. All the RILs were susceptible hosts for M. javanica. The information presented here will be helpful for nematode management and also for plant breeders working on pathogen resistance on C. pepo.
Description of ten new Lobophora species from the Bismarck Sea (Papua New Guinea)
Authors: Vieira Christophe , De Clerck Olivier , Millet Laurent , Payri Claude E. 
Published: April 2019

SUMMARYSampling in the framework of the research program called ‘La Planète Revisitée’ in Kavieng and Madang (Papua New Guinea) brought thus far unknown diversity of the brown algal genus Lobophora to the surface. DNA‐assisted alpha taxonomy allowed identifying the presence of 16 species Lobophora from these two localities, which only share four species in common. Ten species are newly described, including four, which are only known to the Bismarck Sea. A more exhaustive sampling across the Bismarck Sea, and more largely across the Coral Triangle, will very likely unveil an even greater diversity. The present study underscores the fragmentary nature of our knowledge of macroalgal diversity in this region.