bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The growth oxymoron: strategic execution
Authors: Connell Carol M. , Lemyze Christine 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a viewpoint on aligning strategy and execution to produce superior business results.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper examines the long-term financials of the top ten growers to reveal companies that have continued to grow in good economic times and bad, including the Great Recession. While some companies dug deeper into their core businesses during the financial crisis, others continued to innovate.

Findings
Where companies continued to focus on strategy execution, they were rewarded, for example, Amazon’s compound annual growth rate for the ten-year period that included the financial crisis was 36.45 per cent; in the past three years, Amazon’s compound annual growth rate (CAGR) has been 56.76 per cent. Most of the top ten long-term growers are headed by the same founder/entrepreneur.

Research limitations/implications
Look beyond the past three years for models of successful strategy execution.

Practical implications
For long-term company leaders, entrepreneurs, or turnaround experts, strategic execution is no oxymoron, but a requirement for growth and, ultimately, their unique responsibility.

Social implications
The paper identifies three major focus areas for strategy teams and company leadership: 1. customer centricity and strategy execution; 2. learning from survivors; and 3. rethinking capabilities and talent.

Originality/value
As a professor of strategic management and as a consultant to organizations on strategy and marketing transformation, we have focused on the activities that are necessary for leaders to create effective strategy and to execute successfully. We have also been responsible for equipping the larger teams of strategy professionals (and future strategy professionals) who support these leaders with the approaches, the methods, and the tools necessary to plan effectively, to assess effectiveness, and to correct problems in strategy and execution. We bring that perspective to this viewpoint paper.
Technology innovations towards reducing hospitality human resource costs in Langkawi, Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Rozila , Scott Noel 
Published: April 2019

PurposeHotel labour costs in Malaysia are increasing. This paper aims to explore Langkawi hotel managers’ perceptions about reducing labour costs using various information and communication technology (ICT) innovations.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with managers from 19 budget and boutique resorts on Langkawi Island, Malaysia. Qualitative data were recorded, transcribed and content analysed using latent coding.FindingsAll hotel managers reported using some form of ICT. The purpose for ICT adoption found was to increase productivity and efficiency. A hotel’s customer mix, the need of the organization and the technology budget available influenced the outcome of technological innovation. Langkawi hotels had successfully implemented Property Management Systems (PMSs), but self-check-in/out kiosks were not seen as important as they do not meet their customers’ service expectations.Research limitations/implicationsThis study identifies some factors influencing uptake by hotels of technological innovations. This initial qualitative exploration of the technology adoption feasibility in Langkawi suggests that implementation to reduce labour cost is more likely for employee-operated devices rather than customer-operated devices.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to the human resource (HR) management literature by providing insight into the reasons hotel managers introduce technology in a developing country context. Results suggests that hotels face challenges in reducing labour costs through technology. These insights may serve to guide policymakers and hotel managers in other developing countries that are planning to use technology to solve their HR issues. Luxury hotels can consider adopting ICT for back-of-the-house operations such as using a HR information system within the HR department and PMS for the hotel overall operation.Social implicationsThese findings can increase the Malaysians awareness of ICT importance, especially in the hotel industry.Originality/valueThe Malaysian national minimum wage order policy was introduced in 2012. This policy has resulted in increased labour costs and suggests a need to adopt ICT. This paper is the first to examine the viewpoints of hotel practitioners as to the viability of this strategy. Whilst many studies on the adoption of ICT in the hotel industry focus on its impact on productivity and firm’s performance using quantitative methods, this study used qualitative methods to explore hotel managers’ perceptions on its feasibility to reduce dependence on labour.
Dietary habits in adult Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Ito Michiko , Morita Takashi , Okazaki Shizuka , Koto Mototaka , Ichikawa Yuri , Takayama Ryoko , Hoashi Toshihiko , Saeki Hidehisa , Kanda Naoko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDietary habits can modulate the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. We evaluated these habits in adult Japanese patients with atopic dermatitis using a validated, brief‐type self‐administered diet history questionnaire and compared the results to those of age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls. Patients with atopic dermatitis showed higher intakes of carbohydrate and potatoes and lower intakes of alcohol, niacin, meat and oils/fats compared with those of the healthy controls. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the intake of alcohol was negatively associated with atopic dermatitis (odds ratio, 0.905; 95% confidence interval, 0.832–0.983; P = 0.0181). The intakes of vitamin B6 and fruit were positively correlated with the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis. Multiple regression analysis revealed that vitamin B6 intake was a predictor of the severity scoring of atopic dermatitis (β = 26.98508709, t = 2.3995292, P = 0.01933781). The intakes of vegetable fat, n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and confections were lower in the severe atopic dermatitis group (severity scoring of atopic dermatitis, ≥33) than those in the mild group. Atopic dermatitis is negatively associated with alcohol intake, and intake of vitamin B6 is a predictor of severity scoring of atopic dermatitis. The intake of n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid is lower in the severe atopic dermatitis group than that in the mild group. Further study is warranted on the relationships of these results with abnormal immune responses, impaired skin barrier or pruritus in atopic dermatitis.
The impact of tort reform on defensive medicine, quality of care, and physician supply: A systematic review
Authors: Agarwal Rajender , Gupta Ashutosh , Gupta Shweta 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of tort reform on defensive medicine, quality of care, and physician supply.Data SourcesEmpirical, peer‐reviewed English‐language studies in the MEDLINE and HeinOnline databases that evaluated the association between tort reform and our study outcomes.Study DesignWe performed a systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsTitle and abstract screening was followed by full‐text screening of relevant citations. We created evidence tables, grouped studies by outcome, and qualitatively compared the findings of included studies. We assigned a higher rating to study designs that controlled for unobservable sources of confounding.Principal FindingsThirty‐seven studies met screening criteria. Caps on damages, collateral‐source rule reform, and joint‐and‐several liability reform were the most common types of tort reform evaluated in the included studies. We found that caps on noneconomic damages were associated with a decrease in defensive medicine, increase in physician supply, and decrease in health care spending, but had no effect on quality of care. Other reform approaches did not have a clear or consistent impact on study outcomes.ConclusionsWe conclude that traditional tort reform methods may not be sufficient for health reform and policy makers should evaluate and incorporate newer approaches.
Roots of the taxonomic impediment: Is the “integrativeness” a remedy?
Authors: VINARSKI Maxim V. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe use of the “integrative approach” for classification of organisms since its formal establishment in 2005 has become a recurrent theme of zoosystematics. A bibliometric survey of the publications on integrative taxonomy of animals, which is aimed at exploring the most popular areas of research and characterizing the practical systematists’ attitudes to this new approach, is presented. An analysis of 582 papers, which appeared between 2005 and 2017 in journals indexed by Scopus and the Web of Science Core Collection, has illustrated the gradual growth of the popularity of integrative taxonomy as well as some biases in the representation of higher taxa in “integrated” studies. It has been shown that the “integrative” papers have more chance of appearing in a top‐ranking journal and gain relatively more citations as compared with non‐integrative papers. The obtained results are discussed in the context of the “taxonomic impediment” problem thought to be a consequence of the institutional crisis of traditional taxonomy, which has been vividly debated over the past decades.
Iatrogenic subglottic tracheal stenosis after tracheostomy and endotracheal intubation: A cohort observational study of more severity in keloid phenotype
Authors: Chang Enqiang , Wu Lingzhi , Masters Joe , Lu Jie , Zhou Shengli , Zhao Wenli , Sun Mingyang , Meng Fanmin , Soo Chen Pac , Zhang Jiaqiang , Ma Daqing 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundTracheostomy and endotracheal intubation can result in subglottic tracheal stenosis, and predisposition to keloid scar formation can increase stenosis risk after tracheal injury. This study aims to compare the incidence and severity of subglottic tracheal stenosis in keloid and non‐keloid patients following iatrogenic tracheal injury, in particular tracheostomy.MethodsFrom 2012 to 2017, 218 573 patients were intubated for surgery; 2276 patients received tracheostomy in People’s Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China. Among these patients, 133 patients, who developed tracheal stenosis after intubation and/or tracheostomy, were divided into keloid or non‐keloid groups; their Myer and Cotton grading of tracheal stenosis, time‐to‐onset of airway stenosis, and treatment outcome were assessed and compared.ResultsThe percentages of high grade (Myer and Cotton grading III/IV) tracheal stenosis were higher among keloid patients than non‐keloid patients (intubation: 83.3% vs 25.7%; tracheostomy: 77.7% vs 33.3%). Time‐to‐onset of airway stenosis following intubation (tracheostomy) was 27 ± 5 (38 ± 13) and 41 ± 7 (82 ± 14) days for keloid and non‐keloid patients, respectively (P < 0.01). The incidence of tracheal stenosis is higher in keloid than non‐keloid subjects (19.4% vs 1.82%, P < 0.001). Keloid patients also required more frequent treatment (P < 0.01) of longer duration, yet cure rate was significantly lower (P < 0.01).ConclusionsOur study suggests that tracheostomized patients with keloid phenotype are more susceptibility to develop iatrogenic tracheal stenosis of greater severity and with poorer treatment outcome. Greater cautions may be required when performing tracheostomy in keloid subjects. More substantive analysis is warranted to establish keloid phenotype as a risk factor for tracheal stenosis.
Genome‐wide identification and comparison of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs in porcine intramuscular, subcutaneous, retroperitoneal and mesenteric adipose tissues
Authors: Liu X. , Wei S. , Deng S. , Li D. , Liu K. , Shan B. , Shao Y. , Wei W. , Chen J. , Zhang L. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryMany types of RNAs, including messenger RNAs (mRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play crucial roles in regulating fat cell differentiation and tissue development. However, the expression profiles of these RNAs in different adipose tissues are still largely unknown. To shed light on this issue, we performed a transcriptome analysis of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs obtained from intramuscular adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, retroperitoneal adipose tissue and mesenteric adipose tissue of Chinese Erhualian pigs. A number of differentially expressed mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs were identified among the four adipose tissues. Tissue‐specific analysis indicated that circRNAs exhibited the highest tissue specificity among mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs, whereas intramuscular adipose tissue had the most tissue‐specific genes among the four adipose tissues. Gene Ontology analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs among groups were involved mainly in lipid metabolism and immune inflammatory response processes. Furthermore, the co‐expression network construction of mRNAs–lncRNAs revealed that several important lncRNAs, such as MSTRG.426159 and MSTRG.604206, might associate with lipid metabolic process. Taken together, these data provide a genome‐wide resource of mRNAs, lncRNAs and circRNAs potentially involved in porcine fat metabolism, thus improving understanding of their function in diverse adipose tissues.
A nationwide cohort study of the incidence of microscopic colitis in Sweden
Authors: Bergman David , Clements Mark S. , Khalili Hamed , Agréus Lars , Hultcrantz Rolf , Ludvigsson Jonas F. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundEpidemiological studies of microscopic colitis have shown varying but increasing incidence rates.AimTo assess the incidence of microscopic colitis in Sweden.MethodsNationwide cohort study performed in 1995‐2015 based on biopsy reports. Age‐specific and age‐standardised incidence rates were calculated.ResultsWe identified 13 844 patients with an incident diagnosis of microscopic colitis. Lymphocytic colitis (n = 9238) constituted 67% and collagenous colitis (n = 4606) 33% of microscopic colitis. The mean age at time of diagnosis of microscopic colitis was 60.2 years (58.6 for lymphocytic colitis, 63.3 for collagenous colitis). The lifetime risk of developing microscopic colitis was 0.87% in women (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.85‐0.88) and 0.35% in men (95% CI: 0.34‐0.36). From 2006, the overall incidence of microscopic colitis was approximately 10.5 cases per 100 000 person‐years (95% CI: 9.8‐11.3) with higher rates in women (72% of cases, incidence rate ratio = 2.4 (95% CI: 2.3‐2.5) and the elderly with increasing rates up to 75‐79 years. From 2006‐2015, there was a significant increase of 1% per year (P = 0.02) in the overall microscopic colitis incidence rate in women; the estimated annual percent change was similar, although not statistically significant, in men (P = 0.15).ConclusionsIn Sweden, the incidence of microscopic colitis is still increasing in women, although the rate appears to be stabilising. The incidence is particularly high in women and the elderly up to age 75‐79 years. Finally, across a lifetime, 1 in 115 females and 1 in 286 males are expected to be diagnosed with microscopic colitis and thus posing a considerable disease burden.
Differential protein profiles in duck meat during the early postmortem storage period
Authors: Zheng Nen‐Zhu , Zhu Zhi‐Ming , Xin Qing‐Wu , Zhang Zheng‐Hong , Miao Zhong‐Wei , Li Li , Zhang Lin‐Li , Wang Zheng‐Chao , Huang Yi‐Fan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present study was designed to investigate proteomic differences in duck breast muscle during the early postmortem storage period. The meat quality was evaluated at 0 hr and 24 hr postmortem at 4°C in Pekin ducks, black Muscovy ducks and Mule ducks. Differentially expressed proteins were detected by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (2‐DE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS) at 0 hr and 24 hr postmortem in the three duck breeds. The results showed that 53 proteins spots were differentially expressed at 0 hr and 24 hr postmortem at 4°C in Pekin ducks, 75 spots in black Muscovy ducks, and 72 spots in Mule ducks. A total of 30 (10 spots for each breed) were selected for identification by mass spectrometry. Seven proteins were identified in Pekin ducks, eight in black Muscovy ducks and seven in Mule ducks. Moreover, the above results obtained by 2‐DE and MALDI‐TOF/TOF MS were confirmed by western blotting. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide insights into the protein profiles of ducks during postmortem storage and provides a better understanding of the biochemical processes that contribute to duck meat quality.
Real‐world safety evaluation of topical corticosteroid use: A community pharmacy‐based, prospective, observational study
Authors: Ah Young‐Mi , Hwang Sunghee , Jun Kwanghee , Choi Soo An , Yu Yun Mi , Kim EunYoung , Kim Do Young , Shin Wan Gyoon , Lee Ju‐Yeun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConsidering the concerns about topical corticosteroid (TC) phobia that prevents necessary use of patients from using the necessary TCs, estimating the incidence and characteristics of adverse drug events (ADEs) related to TCs in the real world is warranted. However, limited study investigated them. This prospective observational study aimed to assess the utility patterns and safety data related to TC use and predisposing factors among community‐dwelling population. We included and prospectively observed the TC users through nationwide multi‐centre observational cohort based on community pharmacies and dermatologic clinic. Among the enrolled 1175 over‐the‐counter and prescription TC users, a total of 1103 participants were included for the analysis. Inappropriate TC use was observed in 6.3%. The cumulative incidence and prevalence of overall ADE for 6 months were 3.5% and 7.2%, respectively, and the incidence rate was 0.3 cases per 1000 person‐days of TC use. Most ADEs were local reactions, mainly skin atrophy and hyperpigmentation. Exposure to TCs for >12 weeks (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 4.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23‐8.63) and past experience of ADE (aOR 36.70, 95% CI 16.74‐80.44) were identified as significant predictors of TC‐related ADEs. The ADE incidence related to TCs was relatively low, and the real‐world safety of using TCs in the general population might not be greatly concerning. However, some populations who are highly at a risk of ADEs should be closely monitored and made aware regarding the risk.
Double-Wavelet Transform for Multisubject Task-Induced Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
Authors: Zhou Minchun , Badre David , Kang Hakmook 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The goal of this article is to model multisubject task-induced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) response among predefined regions of interest (ROIs) of the human brain. Conventional approaches to fMRI analysis only take into account temporal correlations, but do not rigorously model the underlying spatial correlation due to the complexity of estimating and inverting the high dimensional spatio-temporal covariance matrix. Other spatio-temporal model approaches estimate the covariance matrix with the assumption of stationary time series, which is not always feasible. To address these limitations, we propose a double-wavelet approach for modeling the spatio-temporal brain process. Working with wavelet coefficients simplifies temporal and spatial covariance structure because under regularity conditions, wavelet coefficients are approximately uncorrelated. Different wavelet functions were used to capture different correlation structures in the spatio-temporal model. The main advantages of the wavelet approach are that it is scalable and that it deals with nonstationarity in brain signals. Simulation studies showed that our method could reduce false-positive and false-negative rates by taking into account spatial and temporal correlations simultaneously. We also applied our method to fMRI data to study activation in prespecified ROIs in the prefontal cortex. Data analysis showed that the result using the double-wavelet approach was more consistent than the conventional approach when sample size decreased.
Occupational Licensing and the Earnings Premium in the United States: Updated Evidence from the Current Population Survey
Authors: Ingram Samuel J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing survey data from 2015 to 2018, this article analyses the occupational licensing wage premium in the United States. The estimates show a robust 4–6 per cent wage differential for licensed workers. This premium is robust to careful control for location/local labour market effects and occupation effects. The premium is also positive for the majority of individual occupations and groups of occupations estimated. Similar results are found using additional techniques, including a matching estimator and an analysis of border metropolitan statistical areas.
Estimating uncertainties on net erosion from well‐log porosity data
Authors: Licciardi A. , Gallagher K. , Clark S. A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEstimating the amount of erosion experienced by a sedimentary basin during its geological history plays a key role in basin modelling. In this paper, we present a novel probabilistic approach to estimate net erosion from porosity–depth data from a single well. Our approach uses a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm which readily allows us to deal with imprecise knowledge of the lithology‐dependent compaction parameters in a joint inversion scheme using multiple lithologies. The results using synthetic data highlight the advantages of our approach over conventional techniques for net erosion estimation: (a) uncertainties on compaction parameters can be effectively mapped into a probabilistic solution for net erosion; (b) posterior uncertainties are easy to quantify; (c) the joint inversion scheme can automatically reconcile porosity data from different lithologies. Our results also underscore the critical role of prior assumptions on controlling the retrieved estimates for net erosion. Using real data from a well in the Barents Sea, we simulate three possible scenarios of variable prior assumptions on compaction parameters to demonstrate the general applicability of our approach. Strong prior assumptions on the compaction parameters led to unrealistic estimates of net erosion for the target well, indicating the assumptions are probably inappropriate. Our preferred strategy for this dataset is to include additional data to constrain the normal compaction trend of the sediments. This provides a net erosion estimate for the target well of about 2300 m with a standard deviation of 140 m which is in line with previous studies. Finally, we discuss potential guidelines to deal with real applications in which data from normally compacted sediments are not available. One is to use our algorithm as a hypothesis‐testing tool to evaluate the results under a large set of assumed compaction parameters. A second is to infer compaction parameters and net erosion simultaneously from the target well porosity data. Although appealing and successful with synthetic data, this strategy provides results which are strongly dependent on the calibration data and the geological history of the sediments sampled by the target well.