bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenging the concept of pure objectivity in British and Spanish hard news reports
Authors: McCabe Anne , Alonso Belmonte Isabel 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article provides a linguistic analysis of facts and viewpoints in a British-Peninsular Spanish sample of newspaper reports written about the Second Lebanon war (2006). Almeida’s (1992) category system for the analysis of factuality and nonfactuality, and Martin and White’s (2005) Appraisal framework were used to analyze journalistic ideological subjectivities underlying all factual statements in the news reports. Results show differences in how writers align their readers based on the political ideology of the newspaper, confirming Patterson and Donsbach’s (1996, 466) conclusion that “partisanship can and does intrude on news decisions, even among journalists who are conscientiously committed to a code of strict neutrality.” Thus, the results of this study are of interest to discourse analysts and media researchers.
Scifotainment
Authors: Zhang Yiqiong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article adopts a multi-analytical perspective to examine engagement in an evolving science communication website. The website has evolved to engage readers from a “verbal nucleus” inherited from traditional news to a “hypermodal nucleus” that caters to the information consumption style of social media, and further to a “scifopost” that integrates social media post into the design. The evolution is driven by the shift from a “deficit model” to a “democracy model” in science communication and a larger cultural shift in the nature of knowledge creation and transmission. Furthermore, the more malleable multimodal resources as compared with verbal resources spearhead the shift from channels for science information to entertainment and engagement, which in turn triggers a similar shift of functions in verbal resources.
How much do U.S. patents disclose?
Authors: Arinas Pellón Ismael 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
U.S. patents, contrary to what may be expected, are essentially vague documents where engagement with the reader is minimized. In general, patent drafters typically exploit several vagueness strategies with the purpose of concealing information that may enable their competitors to claim alternative inventions. Within a Discourse Analysis and Applied and Corpus Linguistics framework, this chapter describes some likely incongruities between the legal requirements for the disclosure of the invention and the actual language used in U.S. patents, and illustrates them with examples from a corpus of 1,001 samples. Finally, linguistic corpus evidence is linked to justifications for non-disclosure provided by scholars from diverse fields such as Applied Linguistics, Rhetoric, Economics, Philosophy, and Law.
Organizational metadiscourse across lecturing styles
Authors: Bernad-Mechó Edgar , Fortanet-Gómez Inmaculada 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates the use of organizational metadiscourse across three different lecturing styles: reading, conversational and rhetorical (Dudley-Evans 1994). Despite the fact that organizational metadiscourse has not traditionally been considered as conveying engagement, we claim that all metadiscourse can perform this function. Although metadiscourse in spoken lectures has received increasing interest in the last decades, to our knowledge there is no study comparing the use of metadiscourse throughout lecturing styles from a multimodal perspective and highlighting engagement. Following Ädel’s (2010) taxonomy and conducting multimodal analyses on a dataset extracted from lectures in Social Sciences at Yale University’s OpenCourseWare, we set out to research organizational metadiscourse instances and demonstrate their multimodal use across lecturing styles and the engagement they convey.
“Bieste à chief d’oliphant”
Authors: Buquet Thierry 
Published: April 2019

Résumé

La Chevalerie de Judas Macchabée et de ses nobles frères, roman en vers daté de 1285, utilise à
plusieurs reprises les animaux comme motifs narratifs symboliques. Certains animaux (dont l’anabulla un des noms
de la girafe au XIIIe siècle) sont empruntés au Liber de natura rerum (LDNR) de
Thomas de Cantimpré. L’analyse du texte de la Chevalerie et l’illustration de son unique témoin manuscrit (Paris,
BnF Fr. 15104) montre que l’auteur s’est non pas inspiré du texte de Thomas de Cantimpré, mais de l’illustration du manuscrit 320
de Valenciennes (témoin du LDNR), dont le programme iconographique (dont ont été conservées les instructions pour
l’enlumineur en notes marginales) présente des écarts par rapport au contenu textuel – erreurs qui seront transmises dans des
témoins enluminés postérieurs du LDNR. Ainsi, l’anabulla et l’aloy y sont
représentés comme des éléphants, alors qu’il s’agit respectivement d’une girafe et d’un élan. L’auteur de la
Chevalerie décrit dans son roman ces deux animaux comme des éléphants, montrant par-là que sa source n’est
pas le texte latin du LDNR, mais des illustrations “fautives” d’un témoin manuscrit particulier.
“Vez ci au feu la grasse oie!”
Authors: Cobby Anne 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Food and drink play many different roles in the art of the fabliaux, ranging from more or less brief depictions of
everyday hospitality to significant contributions to plot and especially to trickery. This article focuses primarily on Le Prestre
et Alison, comparing its techniques with those of some other fabliaux. The language of food functions on several levels in this
fabliau: it is a means of characterisation, a sign of status and power, and a narrative motif whereby power relations are first established
and then subverted. Roast goose in particular, along with fish, capons and spices, provides echoes and associations both within and beyond
the text, and forms a focus for the shifting relations as a powerful man is outwitted by women who trade in foodstuffs. As the analysis
proceeds it becomes evident that this fabliau has been undervalued.
The churchman and the fox
Authors: Johnson Joseph R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Known to Roman de Renart scholars as MS I, the manuscript BnF, f. fr. 12584 has received surprisingly little critical attention. The codex was discounted in early but influential appraisals by philologists like Ernest Martin, who characterised its late Renart text as absurdly abridged and useless in the reconstitution of an archetypal original. More favourable assessments of both the Renart text of MS I and its remarkably copious system of illustration have since appeared, especially thanks to the forensic attention of Ettina Nieboer, who proposed an intriguing solution to the many riddles of the copy: it seems to have been commissioned by Guy de Roye, Archbishop of Tours. Over two decades later, however, Nieboer’s analyses remain the most detailed treatments of the codex.
My aim in this article is to call for renewed attention to MS I by exploring the neglected obverse of the abridging and suppressing patterns that Nieboer discovered. I argue that a certain tendency to police the Renart, or render it manageable, can indeed be detected in MS I in the plenitude of its present state: the book opens with a devotional painting of the Virgin Mary and contains extensive maniculae highlighting proverbial material. However, to stop here would be to leave the tale incomplete: the book also stages a pronounced resistance to these systems of control, illustrating across its many folios the sheer impossibility of imposing order upon the Roman de Renart.
Le Physiologus, source d’inspiration pour l’art et la littérature du haut Moyen Âge et du Moyen Âge central
Authors: Leclercq-Marx Jacqueline 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Que la littérature et l’art du Moyen Âge central contiennent de nombreuses références – directes ou indirectes – au Physiologus est bien connu. Il manque toutefois une vue d’ensemble et synthétique des diverses occurrences qui puisse donner la mesure de leur ampleur, de leur diversité et aussi de certaines de leurs spécificités. En outre, on ignore parfois qu’elles s’insèrent dans une tradition aussi longue que fournie, du moins au niveau textuel. Pour toutes ces raisons, on voudra bien trouver ici une mise en perspective de cette source d’inspiration importante, un certain nombre d’études de cas et d’exemples significatifs de même que quelques réflexions susceptibles de nourrir les études à venir.
Resistance and repression in Zimbabwe: a case study of Zimplats mine workers
Authors: Mutekwe Paddington 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
This article contends that contemporary resistance in the mining sector in Zimbabwe is grounded in everyday acts of resistance and is directed towards power relationships exercised at work. Overt forms of resistance have been waning in Zimbabwe because of various pieces of draconian legislation, and subterranean forms of resistance have been gaining traction and deserve to be studied. Drawing on in-depth interviews and participant observations at Zimplats, the article employs Scott’s concept of the ‘weapons of the weak’, which posits that covert forms of resistance are favourable when open and collective resistance seems dangerous, as a means to understand some of the current dynamics of worker struggles in Zimbabwe.
A tale of four valves: outcome of Brucella endocarditis: a case series
Authors: Kulkarni Suraj Kumar , Bhairappa Shivakumar , Rangan Kapil , P Beeresh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundBrucellosis is a zoonotic infection. Humans contract brucellosis through inhalation of aerosolized infected particles, or when they come in direct contact with infected animal parts, or on consuming unpasteurised dairy products. It can affect multiple organs and systems. Endocarditis is diagnosed late in the course of the disease with mostly aortic valve involvement with serious morbidity and mortality.Case summaryWe report a case series of four patients with Brucella endocarditis. The first patient presented with fever, malaise, and exertional breathlessness. He underwent aortic valve replacement for refractory heart failure and bulky vegetations after failed medical therapy. The second patient presented with fever, breathlessness New York Heart Association (NYHA) III, with arthralgia, myalgia, anorexia, and weight loss. In view of aortic abscess with impending rupture and compression of left main coronary artery, aortic valve replacement was performed on the 4th day of antibiotic treatment. The third patient presented with fever, fatigue, NYHA II, and developed peripheral embolization but responded to medical treatment alone. The fourth patient presented with intermittent fever for 7 months. During hospitalization, he suffered acute limb ischaemia and stroke with absence of left dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pulsation. Brucella IgG ELISA was positive. Mitral valve replacement was done subsequently with unremarkable hospital course.DiscussionBrucellosis is a challenging diagnosis to make. The diagnosis and treatment is often delayed as it presents with non-specific symptoms and signs. Cardiac involvement occurs in only 2% of the cases, but accounts for 80% of the mortality due to brucellosis. Brucella endocarditis should be suspected in cases of endocarditis with negative blood cultures and a risk of exposure. The most accepted treatment for Brucella endocarditis is a combination of antimicrobial therapy with surgery.
Post hatch recovery of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium strain in the yolk sac and intestinal tract of broiler chickens after in ovo injection
Authors: Skjøt-Rasmussen Line , Sandvang Dorthe , Blanch Alfred , Nielsen Jette Mundus , Styrishave Tina , Schnabl Jannie , Brockmann Elke , Beck Chrysta N , Kiess Aaron S 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Concerns about antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their presence in animal products grow and thus alternatives to use of antibiotics in animal production are being investigated. Probiotics have gained increased focus due to improvements in performance, immune health and pathogen reduction when provided to poultry through feed. These traits may be further improved if probiotics can be provided to the embryo before hatch, before meeting environmental pathogens. The objective was to determine the faith of a probiotic Enterococcus faecium (M74) strain in the yolk sac and intestinal tract of broiler chickens after injection into hatching eggs. E. faecium M74 (1.4 × 107 CFU/egg) was applied in ovo at day 18 of incubation. From 1- and 7-day-old chickens, 20 samples from yolk sac, caecal tonsils and rest of the intestinal tract were subjected to CFU counting. Isolates from a sample subset were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Enterococci were found in varying numbers: 1.0 × 104–2.2 × 1010 CFU/g. The prevalence of M74 PFGE profiles was high in 1-day-old (88%) and 7-day-old chickens (67%). This demonstrates that the embryos ingested M74 before hatching, that M74 is viable for intestinal colonization through in ovo administration, and that the strain multiplies in the chickens gastrointestinal tract post hatching.
Combinatorial Detection of Conserved Alteration Patterns for Identifying Cancer Subnetworks
Authors: Hodzic Ermin , Shrestha Raunak , Zhu Kaiyuan , Cheng Kuoyuan , Collins Colin C , Cenk Sahinalp S 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Background
Advances in large-scale tumor sequencing have led to an understanding that there are combinations of genomic and transcriptomic alterations specific to tumor types, shared across many patients. Unfortunately, computational identification of functionally meaningful and recurrent alteration patterns within gene/protein interaction networks has proven to be challenging.

Findings
We introduce a novel combinatorial method, cd-CAP (combinatorial detection of conserved alteration patterns), for simultaneous detection of connected subnetworks of an interaction network where genes exhibit conserved alteration patterns across tumor samples. Our method differentiates distinct alteration types associated with each gene (rather than relying on binary information of a gene being altered or not) and simultaneously detects multiple alteration profile conserved subnetworks.

Conclusions
In a number of The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets, cd-CAP identified large biologically significant subnetworks with conserved alteration patterns, shared across many tumor samples.
Impact of Water Quality, Sanitation, Handwashing, and Nutritional Interventions on Enteric Infections in Rural Zimbabwe: The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial
Authors: Rogawski McQuade Elizabeth T , Platts-Mills James A , Gratz Jean , Zhang Jixian , Moulton Lawrence H , Mutasa Kuda , Majo Florence D , Tavengwa Naume , Ntozini Robert , Prendergast Andrew J , Humphrey Jean H , Liu Jie , Houpt Eric R 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe assessed the impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) interventions on enteric infections in the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial in rural Zimbabwe.MethodsWe tested stool samples collected at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of age and during diarrhea using quantitative molecular diagnostics for 29 pathogens. We estimated the effects of the WASH, IYCF, and combined WASH + IYCF interventions on individual enteropathogen prevalence and quantity, total numbers of pathogens detected, and incidence of pathogen-attributable diarrhea.ResultsWASH interventions decreased the number of parasites detected (difference in number compared to non-WASH arms, –0.07 [95% confidence interval, –.14 to –.02]), but had no statistically significant effects on bacteria, viruses, or the prevalence and quantity of individual enteropathogens after accounting for multiple comparisons. IYCF interventions had no significant effects on individual or total enteropathogens. Neither intervention had significant effects on pathogen-attributable diarrhea.ConclusionsThe WASH interventions implemented in SHINE (improved pit latrine, hand-washing stations, liquid soap, point-of-use water chlorination, and clean play space) did not prevent enteric infections. Transformative WASH interventions are needed that are more efficacious in interrupting fecal–oral microbial transmission in children living in highly contaminated environments.
Characterization of multiresistance gene cfr(C) variants in Campylobacter from China
Authors: Liu Dejun , Li Xing , Liu Weiwen , Yao Hong , Liu Zhihai , Feßler Andrea T , He Junjia , Zhou Yuqing , Shen Zhangqi , Wu Zuowei , Schwarz Stefan , Zhang Qijing , Wang Yang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the occurrence, the genetic environment and the functionality of novel variants of the MDR gene cfr(C) in Campylobacter from China.

Methods
A total of 370 Campylobacter isolates of porcine and chicken origin collected from three regions of China in 2015 were screened for cfr(C) by PCR. The phenotypes and genotypes of cfr(C)-positive isolates were investigated by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PFGE, MLST, S1-PFGE, Southern blotting and WGS. Quantitative RT–PCR was used to compare the expression levels of the cfr(C) variants in their original isolate and clone constructs in Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168.

Results
Four (1.1%) porcine Campylobacter coli isolates were positive for cfr(C). They failed to show elevated MICs of phenicols. The deduced Cfr(C) sequences identified exhibited 2–6 amino acid changes compared with the original Cfr(C) reported in the USA. Cloning of the cfr(C) variant genes into C. jejuni NCTC 11168 resulted in ≥32-fold increases in the MICs of phenicols, indicating that the cfr(C) variant genes are functional. The cfr(C)-carrying isolates belonged to three genotypes and WGS analysis revealed the cfr(C) genes were chromosomally located in MDR genomic islands, which contained multiple antibiotic resistance genes of Gram-positive origin.

Conclusions
This study identified chromosomal cfr(C) genes in C. coli isolates from China. They appeared functionally dormant in the original isolates but were fully functional when cloned and expressed in C. jejuni. The cfr(C) genes were co-transferred with other antibiotic resistance genes, possibly from Gram-positive bacteria. These findings reveal new insights into the function and transmission of cfr(C) in Campylobacter.
Optimizing the Patient Experience during Breast Biopsy
Authors: Soo Mary Scott , Shelby Rebecca A , Johnson Karen S 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
For years, breast imaging has been the model in radiology for patient communication, and more recently, it has been a leader in the growing patient- and family-centered approach to care. To maintain high levels of patient satisfaction during image-guided core-needle breast biopsies, the radiologist should understand patient perspectives so that interventions can be developed to manage patient concerns. This article reviews patient perspectives before, during, and after imaging-guided breast biopsies, and it describes strategies to help optimize the experiences of patients as they navigate the process.
Filling an Empty Self: The Impact of Social Exclusion on Consumer Preference for Visual Density
Authors: Su Lei , Wan Echo Wen , Jiang Yuwei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis research examines the effect of social exclusion on consumers’ preferences for visual density. Based on seven experimental studies, we reveal that consumers who perceive themselves as socially excluded evaluate products with dense visual patterns more positively than their nonexcluded peers. This effect occurs because social exclusion triggers a feeling of psychological emptiness and dense patterns can provide a sense of being “filled,” which helps to alleviate this feeling of emptiness. This effect is attenuated when consumers physically fill something or experience a feeling of “temporal density” (i.e., imagining a busy schedule with many tasks packed into a short time). These results shed light on consumers’ socially grounded product aesthetic preferences and offer practical implications for marketers, designers, and policy makers.
US Dominance and American Bias in International Relations Scholarship: A View from the Outside
Authors: Goh Evelyn 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article responds to the Journal of Global Security Studies special issue on “American Perspectives and Blind Spots on World Politics,” edited by Jeff Colgan. It applauds their significant achievement in offering positivist demonstrations of the bias generated by American assumptions, coding, and preferences, and quantitative demonstration of the systemic and systematic impact of this bias in skewing key assumptions and theories in mainstream US international relations (IR), by selectivizing attention and compromising accuracy. The article pushes the envelope further by arguing that the call to arms is more urgent and more significant than Colgan et al. express. As US hegemony is diluted, the discipline of IR must increasingly account for other parts of the world. Here, cultural bias generates deeper problems with both ontology and epistemology. The article reviews the wider IR field that shows how IR is at once more global and less easily generalizable, driving the imperative to expand the universe of cases for qualitative research. It warns that the problem of US bias and the wider issue of insularity is accentuated by the growing distance between IR scholarship as expressed in top journal publications and “real-world” puzzles and empirical reality—and by ongoing changes in how governments provide state support and funding for IR research and training.
Two classes of EF1-family translational GTPases encoded by giant viruses
Authors: Zinoviev Alexandra , Kuroha Kazushige , Pestova Tatyana V , Hellen Christopher U T 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Giant viruses have extraordinarily large dsDNA genomes, and exceptionally, they encode various components of the translation apparatus, including tRNAs, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and translation factors. Here, we focused on the elongation factor 1 (EF1) family of viral translational GTPases (trGTPases), using computational and functional approaches to shed light on their functions. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that these trGTPases clustered into two groups epitomized by members of Mimiviridae and Marseilleviridae, respectively. trGTPases in the first group were more closely related to GTP-binding protein 1 (GTPBP1), whereas trGTPases in the second group were closer to eEF1A, eRF3 and Hbs1. Functional characterization of representative GTPBP1-like trGTPases (encoded by Hirudovirus, Catovirus and Moumouvirus) using in vitro reconstitution revealed that they possess eEF1A-like activity and can deliver cognate aa-tRNAs to the ribosomal A site during translation elongation. By contrast, representative eEF1A/eRF3/Hbs1-like viral trGTPases, encoded by Marseillevirus and Lausannevirus, have eRF3-like termination activity and stimulate peptide release by eRF1. Our analysis identified specific aspects of the functioning of these viral trGTPases with eRF1 of human, amoebal and Marseillevirus origin.