bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern slavery in supply chains: a secondary data
analysis of detection, remediation and disclosure
Authors: Stevenson Mark , Cole Rosanna 
Published: April 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine how organisations report on the
detection and remediation of modern slavery in their operations and supply
chains and to understand their approaches to disclosing information in
response to modern slavery legislation.

Design/methodology/approach
An analysis of secondary data based on the statements is released in response
to the 2015 UK Modern Slavery Act by 101 firms in the clothing and textiles
sector.

Findings
Many firms use the same practices to detect and remediate modern slavery as
for other social issues. But the hidden, criminal nature of modern slavery
and the involvement of third party labour agencies mean practices need to
either be tailored or other more innovative approaches developed, including
in collaboration with traditional and non-traditional actors. Although five
broad types of disclosure are identified, there is substantial heterogeneity
in the statements. It is posited however that firms will converge on a more
homogenous set of responses over time.

Research
limitations/implications
The study is limited to one industry, responses to UK legislation and the
information disclosed by focal firms only. Future research could expand the
focus to include other industries, country contexts and stakeholders.

Practical implications
Managers must consider how their own firm’s behaviour contributes to
the modern slavery threat, regulates both their stock and non-stock supply
chains and ensures modern slavery is elevated from the procurement function
to the boardroom. In making disclosures, managers may trade-off the
potential competitive gains of transparency against the threat of
information leakage and reputational risk should their statements be
falsified. The managers should also consider what signals their statements
send back up the chain to (sub-)suppliers. Findings also have potential
policy implications.

Originality/value
The study expands the authors’ understanding of: modern slavery from a
supply chain perspective, e.g. identifying the importance of standard
setting and risk avoidance; and, supply chain information disclosure in
response to legislative demands. This is the first academic paper to examine
the statements produced by organisations in response to the UK Modern
Slavery Act.
Developing a Dental Scrubs Ceremony to define professional identity and teach professionalism to dental undergraduates; lessons learned
Authors: Neville P. , McNally L. , Waylen A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe UK General Dental Council stipulates that professionalism is a key aspect of the teaching and training of dental students. However, dental educators highlight that teaching dental student's professionalism can be challenging and students often rate this teaching activity negatively. This article documents a teaching initiative at one UK Dental School that aimed to strengthen the professionalism curriculum by introducing a Dental Scrubs Ceremony for second‐year students.Materials and methodThe Dental Scrubs Ceremony is inspired by the White Coat Ceremonies that medical students have in universities in North America. It marks the students’ first step in their professional and clinical development, with the signing of a pledge of conduct and public presentation of dental scrubs to each student. We report student feedback questionnaire data over a three‐year period together with reflections on the merits and limitations of this alternative approach to teaching professionalism.ResultsStudent evaluation data show that the perceived usefulness and worthwhileness of a Dental Scrubs Ceremony have grown since its inception in 2015. Most students enjoyed the symbolism of the ceremony, receiving their dental scrubs in a formal event. However, there was mixed evaluation for its effectiveness to teach professionalism.ConclusionA Dental Scrubs Ceremony is a useful addition to the formal curriculum of professionalism in a dental school. It provides dental students with an opportunity to be inducted into the dental profession as novice dental students starting out on their professional career.
Rapid reconstitution of CMV‐specific T‐cells after stem‐cell transplantation
Authors: Widmann Thomas , Sester Urban , Schmidt Tina , Gärtner Barbara C. , Schubert Jörg , Pfreundschuh Michael , Sester Martina 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveAs reconstitution of virus‐specific T‐cells is critical to control cytomegalovirus (CMV)‐viremia following stem‐cell transplantation (SCT), we characterized the dynamics in CMV‐specific T‐cell reconstitution after SCT.MethodsCytomegalovirus‐specific T‐cells from 51 SCT‐recipients were prospectively quantified and phenotypically characterised by intracellular cytokine‐staining after specific stimulation and HLA class‐I‐specific pentamers using flow cytometry.ResultsCytomegalovirus‐specific CD4 T‐cells reconstituted after a median of 2.3 (IQR, 2.0‐3.0) weeks following autografting, and 4.0 (IQR, 3.0‐5.6) weeks after allografting, with CMV‐specific T‐cells originating from donors and/or recipients. The time for reconstitution of CMV‐specific CD4 and CD8 T‐cells did not differ (P = .58). Factors delaying the time to initial reconstitution of CMV‐specific CD4 T‐cells included a negative recipient serostatus (P = .016) and CMV‐viremia (P = .026). Percentages of CMV‐specific CD4 T‐cells significantly increased over time and reached a plateau after 90 days (P = .043). Relative CMV‐specific CD4 T‐cell levels remained higher in long‐term transplant recipients compared with those in controls (P < .0001). However, due to persisting lymphopenia, absolute numbers of CMV‐specific T‐cells were similar as in controls.ConclusionCytomegalovirus‐specific T‐cells rapidly reconstitute after SCT and their percentages remain high in the long term. In the face of persistent lymphopenia, this results in similar absolute numbers of CMV‐specific T‐cells as in controls to ensure sufficient pathogen control.
Three‐months optical coherence tomography analysis of a biodegradable polymer, sirolimus‐eluting stent
Authors: Kretov Еvgeny , Naryshkin Ivan , Baystrukov Vitaly , Grazhdankin Igor , Prokhorikhin Aleksei , Zubarev Dmitry , Biryukov Alexey , Verin Vladimir , Boykov Andrey , Malaev Dastan , Pokushalov Evgeny , Romanov Alexander , Bergmann Martin W. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess early neointimal healing by optical coherence tomography (OCT) 3 months after implantation of the ultrathin Orsiro® sirolimus‐eluting stent with biodegradable polymer.BackgroundNew generations of drug‐eluting stents with biodegradable polymer have been developed to avoid the continued vascular irritation of durable polymers.MethodsIn this prospective, open‐label study, 34 patients received an Orsiro® sirolimus‐eluting stent with biodegradable polymer. In a subgroup of patients (n = 15), the intervention was performed under OCT guidance. All patients underwent OCT‐examination at three months. The primary endpoint was 3‐month neointimal healing (NIH) score, calculated by weighing the presence of filling defects, malapposed and uncovered struts. Secondary endpoint was maturity of tissue coverage at 3 months.ResultsAt 3 months, NIH score was 13.7 (5.4‐22), covered struts per lesion were 90% (84‐97%), malapposed struts were 2.7% (0.8‐5.4%) and rate of mature tissue coverage was 47% (42‐53%). No target lesion failure occurred up to 12 months. Patients with OCT‐guided stent implantation demonstrated a trend toward earlier stent healing as demonstrated by superior NIH scores (angio guided: 17.6% [8.8‐26.4]; OCT‐guided: 9.8% [4.0‐15.5]; mean difference −8, [95%CI: −18.7‐2.9], P = 0.123). This group had significantly more covered struts per lesion (angio‐guided: 86% [82‐90]; 95% [92‐99]; mean difference 9% [95%CI: 3‐15], P = 0.001).ConclusionThe Orsiro® sirolimus‐eluting stent with biodegradable polymer shows early vascular healing with a high rate of strut coverage at 3‐month follow‐up. OCT guided stent implantation had a positive impact on early vascular healing.
Changes in the Rumen Epithelial Microbiota of Cattle and Host Gene Expression in Response to Alterations in Dietary Carbohydrate Composition
Authors: Petri R. M. , Kleefisch M. T. , Metzler-Zebeli B. U. , Zebeli Q. , Klevenhusen F. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

The inclusion of high-quality hay (HQH), in place of concentrates, shifts dietary carbohydrate intake, and the extent to which these shifts effect epimural microbiota and epithelial gene expression of the rumen has not yet been evaluated. Eight ruminally cannulated nonlactating Holstein cows were used in a replicated 4 by 4 Latin square design with four dietary treatments containing HQH, with either 0% concentrate/100% HQH (100HQH), 25% concentrate/75% HQH (75HQH), or 40% concentrate/60% HQH (60HQH). The fourth group (control [CON]) was fed 60% normal fiber-rich hay and 40% concentrate. The data showed that measures of diversity for the rumen epimural population, specifically the Shannon (
P
= 0.004) and Simpson (
P
= 0.003) indices, decreased with increasing levels of HQH in the diet. The feeding of HQH shifted the epimural population from predominantly
Firmicutes
to
Proteobacteria
. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HQH feeding markedly shifted the abundance of
Campylobacter
spp. from 7.8 up to 33.5% (
P
< 0.001), with greater ingestion of protein (
r
= 0.63) and sugars (
r
= 0.65) in HQH diet being responsible for this shift. The expression of genes targeting intracellular pH regulation, barrier function, and nutrient uptake of rumen epithelium remained stable regardless of the carbohydrate source. In conclusion, the data suggest strong alterations of the ruminal epimural microbiota in response to changes in the nutritive patterns of the diet. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term effects of these significant microbial changes on rumen health and food safety aspects in cattle at a transcriptional level.

IMPORTANCE
Feeding of forages versus starchy concentrates is a highly debated topic. Hay is believed to be healthier and more ecological sustainable for cattle than are concentrates, although the effects of feeding hay with enhanced sugar and protein content on epimural microbiota and host gene expression have not yet been evaluated. This research provides a report of the role of feeding hay with increased sugar and protein content in place of starchy concentrates in altering epimural microbiota and in generating a host response. Our research shows that the addition of high-quality hay to dairy rations shifted nutrient intake, resulting in strong alterations in the epimural microbiota in cattle. This work provides a background for further long-term research regarding the effects of feeding practices on the host-microbiome interaction and its role in rumen health and food safety in cattle.
Informational value of percent body fat with body mass index for the risk of abnormal blood glucose: a nationally representative cross-sectional study
Authors: Jo Ara , Mainous III Arch G 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the value of percent body fat (%BF) with body mass index (BMI) to assess the risk of abnormal blood glucose (ABG) among US adults who are normal weight or overweight. We hypothesised that normal-weight population with higher %BF is more likely to have ABG.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2006, conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.ParticipantsParticipants were US adults aged 40 and older who have never been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes by a doctor (unweighted n=6335, weighted n=65 705 694). The study population was classified into four groups: (1) normal weight with normal %BF, (2) normal weight with high %BF, (3) overweight with normal %BF and (4) overweight with high %BF.Main outcome measuresORs for ABG including pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes (HbA1c ≥5.7%, ≥39 mmol/mol).Results64% of population with normal BMI classification had a high %BF. Prevalence of ABG in normal-weight group with high %BF (13.5%) is significantly higher than the overweight group with low %BF (10.5%, P<0.001). In an unadjusted model, the OR of ABG was significantly greater in adults at normal BMI with high %BF compared with individuals at normal weight with low %BF. In an adjusted model controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, first-degree-relative diabetes, vigorous-intensity activities and muscle strengthening activities, risks of ABG were greater in population with normal weight and high %BF (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.38) and with overweight and low %BF (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.69 to 1.98, P<0.05).ConclusionsIntegrating BMI with %BF can improve in classification to direct screening and prevention efforts to a group currently considered healthy and avoid penalties and stigmatisation of other groups that are classified as high risk of ABG.
Cancer-related information needs and treatment decision-making experiences of people with dementia in England: a multiple perspective qualitative study
Authors: McWilliams Lorna , Farrell Carole , Keady John , Swarbrick Caroline , Burgess Lorraine , Grande Gunn , Bellhouse Sarah , Yorke Janelle 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesLittle is known about the cancer experience and support needs of people with dementia. In particular, no evidence currently exists to demonstrate the likely complex decision-making processes for this patient group and the oncology healthcare professionals (HCP) involved in their care. The aim of this study was to explore the cancer-related information needs and decision-making experiences of patients with cancer and comorbid dementia, their informal caregivers and oncology HCPs.DesignCross-sectional qualitative study. Semistructured interviews were conducted face to face with participants. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed prior to thematic analysis.SettingPatients with a diagnosis of cancer and dementia, their informal caregivers and oncology HCPs involved in their care, all recruited from a regional treatment cancer centre.ParticipantsPurposeful sample of 10 patients with a diagnosis of cancer–dementia, informal caregivers (n=9) and oncology HCPs (n=12).ResultsFour themes were identified: (1) leading to the initial consultation—HCPs require more detailed information on the functional impact of dementia and how it may influence cancer treatment options prior to meeting the patient; (2) communicating clinically relevant information—informal caregivers are relied on to provide patient information, advocate for the patient and support decision-making; (3) adjustments to cancer care—patients with dementia get through treatment with the help of their family and (4) following completion of cancer treatment—there are continuing information needs. Oncology HCPs discussed their need to consult specialists in dementia care to support treatment decision-making.ConclusionsAlthough patients with cancer–dementia are involved in their treatment decision-making, informal caregivers are generally crucial in supporting this process. Individual patient needs and circumstances related to their cancer must be considered in the context of dementia prognosis highlighting complexities of decision-making in this population. Oncology teams should strive to involve healthcare staff with dementia expertise as early as possible in the cancer pathway.
Hip fracture incidence and mortality in chronic kidney disease: the GLOMMS-II record linkage cohort study
Authors: Robertson Lynn , Black Corrinda , Fluck Nick , Gordon Sharon , Hollick Rosemary , Nguyen Huong , Prescott Gordon , Marks Angharad 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundIndividuals on renal replacement therapy (RRT) have increased fracture risk, but risk in less advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) is unclear.ObjectiveTo investigate CKD associations with hip fracture incidence and mortality.DesignRecord linkage cohort study Grampian Laboratory Outcomes Mortality and Morbidity Study II.SettingSingle health region in Scotland.ParticipantsAll individuals (≥15 years) with sustained CKD stages 3–5 and those on RRT, and a 20% random sample of those with normal renal function, in the resident population in 2003.Outcome measuresOutcomes were (1) incident hip fracture measured with (A) admissions or (B) deaths, with at least 5.5 years follow-up and (2) post-hip fracture mortality. Unadjusted and adjusted, incident rate ratios (IRRs) and mortality rate ratios were calculated using Poisson regression.ResultsOf 39 630 individuals identified in 2003 (41% males, mean age 63.3 years), 19 537 had CKD stages 3–5, 345 were on RRT and 19 748 had normal estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Hip fracture incidence, measured by admissions, was increased in CKD stages 3–5 (compared with normal eGFR), both overall (adjusted IRR 1.49 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.79)) and for individual CKD stages 3a, 3b and 4. Hip fracture incidence, measured using deaths, was increased in those with CKD stages 3b and 4. Post-hip fracture mortality was only increased in CKD stage 4. There was only a small number of individuals and events for CKD stage 5, resulting in insufficient statistical power.ConclusionHip fracture incidence was higher in CKD stages 3–5 compared with normal eGFR. Post-hip fracture mortality was only increased in CKD stage 4. Reducing hip fracture incidence in CKD through regular fall and fracture risk review should reduce overall deaths after hip fracture in the population.
A UK clinical audit addressing the quality of prescribing of sodium valproate for bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age
Authors: Paton Carol , Cookson John , Ferrier I Nicol , Bhatti Sumera , Fagan Elizabeth , Barnes Thomas R E 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo review prescribing practice concerning valproate, an established human teratogen, for the management of bipolar disorder in women of childbearing age.DesignThe Prescribing Observatory for Mental Health conducted a baseline clinical audit in the UK, as part of a quality improvement programme.ParticipantsSix hundred and forty-eight clinical teams from 55 mental health Trusts submitted retrospective treatment data relating to patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.ResultsOf the audit sample of 6705 patients, 3854 were 50 years of age or younger. Valproate was prescribed for 24% of women and 43% men in this age group, and the mean dose of valproate was lower in women (1196 mg) than in men (1391 mg). For only half of such women was there documented evidence that information had been provided on the risks for the unborn child and the need for adequate contraception. Valproate was more often used in men to treat mania and aggression, while the most common treatment targets in women were hypomania and relapse prevention.ConclusionsDespite explicit recommendations in national treatment guidelines and published safety alerts and warnings regarding the use of valproate in women of childbearing age, current prescribing of this medication to such women in the context of the treatment of bipolar disorder falls short of best practice, particularly with regard to provision of information regarding the risks associated with exposure to valproate during pregnancy. While women younger than 50 years of age were less likely to be prescribed valproate than men in the same age group, and at a lower dosage, it is unclear to what extent this reflects clinicians’ concerns about teratogenicity or is driven by perceptions of the indication for valproate, and the dosage required, for the treatment of different phases of the disorder in men and women.
The role of psychological factors in the perpetuation of pain intensity and disability in people with chronic shoulder pain: a systematic review
Authors: Martinez-Calderon Javier , Meeus Mira , Struyf Filip , Miguel Morales-Asencio Jose , Gijon-Nogueron Gabriel , Luque-Suarez Alejandro 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionChronic shoulder pain is a very complex syndrome, and the mechanisms involved in its perpetuation remain unclear. Psychological factors appear to play a role in the perpetuation of symptoms in people with shoulder chronicity. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the role of psychological factors in the perpetuation of symptoms (pain intensity and disability) in people with chronic shoulder pain.Methods and analysisA systematic search was performed on PubMed, AMED, CINAHL, PubPsych and EMBASE from inception to July 2017. Longitudinal studies with quantitative designs analysing the role of psychological factors on pain intensity, disability or both were included. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated with an adapted version of the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. The level of evidence per outcome was examined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach.ResultsA total of 27 articles were included with a sample of 11 176 people with chronic shoulder pain. The risk of bias ranges from 7/21 to 13/21 across the studies. The quality of the evidence was very low. High levels of self-efficacy, resilience and expectations of recovery were significantly associated with low levels of pain intensity and disability. Inversely, high levels of emotional distress, depressive symptoms, anxiety, preoperative concerns, fear-avoidance beliefs, somatisation and pain catastrophising were significantly associated with high levels of pain intensity and disability.DiscussionOur results suggest that psychological factors may influence the perpetuation of pain intensity and disability, with very low evidence. A meta-analysis was not carried out due to the heterogeneity of the included studies so results should be interpreted with caution.PROSPERO trial registration numberCRD42016036366.
Sensitivity of fasting glucose for gestational diabetes mellitus screening in Mexican adolescents based on International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria: a diagnostic accuracy study based on retrospective data analysis
Authors: Reyes-Muñoz Enrique , Sandoval-Osuna Norma Lidia , Reyes-Mayoral Christian , Ortega-González Carlos , Martínez-Cruz Nayeli , Ramírez-Torres María Aurora , Arce-Sánchez Lidia , Lira-Plascencia Josefina , Estrada-Gutiérrez Guadalupe , Montoya-Estrada Araceli 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as a screening test for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) among Mexican adolescents using International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingLevel-three medical institution in Mexico City.ParticipantsThe study population comprised 1061 adolescent women aged 12–19 years with singleton pregnancies, who underwent a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 11 and 35 weeks of gestation.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe sensitivity (Sn), specificity (Sp), positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively), and positive and negative likelihood ratios LR (+) and LR (−), respectively) with 95% CIs for selected FPG cut-off values were compared. Secondary measures were perinatal outcomes in women with and without GDM.ResultsGDM was present in 71 women (6.7%, 95% CI 5.3% to 8.4%). The performances of FPG at thresholds of ≥80 (4.5 mmol/L), 85 (4.7 mmol/L) and 90 mg/dL (5.0 mmol/L) were as follow (95% CI): Sn: 97% (89% to 99%), 94% (86% to 97%) and 91% (82% to 95%); Sp: 50% (47% to 53%), 79% (76% to 81%) and 97% (95% to 97%); PPV: 12% (9% to 15%), 23% (18% to 28%) and 64% (54% to 73%); NPV: 99% (98.5% to 99.9%) for all three cut-offs; LR (+): 1.9 (1.8 to 2.1), 4.3 (3.8 to 5.0) and 26.7 (18.8 to 37.1) and LR (−): 0.06 (0.02 to 0.23), 0.07 (0.03 to 0.19) and 0.09 (0.04 to 0.19), respectively. No significant differences in perinatal outcomes were found between adolescents with and without GDM.ConclusionsAn FPG cut-off of ≥90 mg/dL (5.0 mmol/L) is ideal for GDM screening in Mexican adolescent women. An FPG threshold of 90 mg/dL would miss 6 (8.5%) women with GDM, pick up 34 (3.4%) women without GDM and avoid 962 (90.7%) OGTTs.