bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Open-Label Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab plus Docetaxel and Gemcitabine in Advanced, Previously Untreated Nonsquamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Patil Pradnya Dinkar , Shapiro Marc , Hashemi Sadraei Nooshin , Pennell Nathan A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Lessons Learned
The combination of bevacizumab with docetaxel-gemcitabine resulted in unacceptable toxicity, particularly a high rate of pulmonary toxicity (30%). Despite promising efficacy, excessive toxicity of this regimen does not support its use in patients with advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer.

Background
Prior to immunotherapy, standard treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was platinum doublet chemotherapy. In a previous phase II study, docetaxel-gemcitabine demonstrated comparable efficacy and tolerability to platinum doublets. In this phase II trial, we evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of adding bevacizumab to docetaxel- gemcitabine in patients with advanced nonsquamous NSCLC.

Methods
Patients with untreated advanced nonsquamous NSCLC were treated with up to six cycles of docetaxel-gemcitabine-bevacizumab, followed by bevacizumab until progression. The primary endpoint for this study was 1-year progression-free survival (PFS); secondary endpoints were safety, overall response rate (ORR) and overall survival (OS). The planned sample size was 46 patients.

Results
A total of 13 patients were enrolled and received a median of six cycles of chemotherapy and four cycles of bevacizumab. The treatment was poorly tolerated, with five patients requiring dose reduction and four discontinuing treatment for toxicity. Grade 3–5 nonhematologic toxicity was seen in 10 patients, and 4 (30%) were hospitalized with pulmonary toxicity possibly related to study drugs. At this point, enrollment was halted for safety concerns. The 12-month PFS was 8%. In 11 evaluable patients, ORR was 72%, median PFS 6 months, and median OS was 11 months.

Conclusion
Docetaxel, gemcitabine, and bevacizumab at this dose and schedule resulted in excessive toxicity. Despite promising efficacy, in light of efficacious and safe alternative therapies, this regimen should not be used to treat advanced NSCLC.
A Randomized Trial of Zoledronic Acid to Prevent Bone Loss in the First Year after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Marques Igor Denizarde Bacelar , Araújo Maria Júlia Correia Lima Nepomuceno , Graciolli Fabiana Giorgetti , dos Reis Luciene Machado , Pereira Rosa Maria R. , Alvarenga Jackeline C. , Custódio Melani Ribeiro , Jorgetti Vanda , Elias Rosilene Motta , Moysés Rosa Maria Affonso , David-Neto Elias 
Published: January 2019

Significance Statement
How bisphosphonates affect bone quality in kidney transplant recipients is unclear. This study of 34 patients with kidney transplants randomized to receive zoledronate or no treatment for 12 months found that zoledronate did not induce adynamic bone disease; decreased bone turnover experienced by both groups was unaffected by zoledronate. Total hip and lumbar spine bone mineral density increased for both groups, especially at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in the zoledronate group. However, bone biopsies from both groups showed impaired trabecular connectivity, and high-resolution imaging detected trabecular bone loss at peripheral skeleton sites, which zoledronate partially attenuated. Because fractures in patients with transplants are most commonly peripheral fractures, bisphosphonates may be considered for patients with high fracture risk and evidence of bone loss in the peripheral skeleton at the time of transplant.

Background
Bone and mineral disorders commonly affect kidney transplant (KTx) recipients and have been associated with a high risk of fracture. Bisphosphonates may prevent or treat bone loss in such patients, but there is concern that these drugs might induce adynamic bone disease (ABD).

Methods
In an open label, randomized trial to assess the safety and efficacy of zoledronate for preventing bone loss in the first year after kidney transplant, we randomized 34 patients before transplant to receive zoledronate or no treatment. We used dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), and bone biopsies to evaluate changes in bone in the 32 evaluable participants between the time of KTx and 12 months post-transplant.

Results
Both groups of patients experienced decreased bone turnover after KTx, but zoledronate itself did not affect this outcome. Unlike previous studies, DXA showed no post-transplant bone loss in either group; we instead observed an increase of bone mineral density in both lumbar spine and total hip sites, with a significant positive effect of zoledronate. However, bone biopsies showed post-transplant impairment of trabecular connectivity (and no benefit from zoledronate); HR-pQCT detected trabecular bone loss at the peripheral skeleton, which zoledronate partially attenuated.

Conclusions
Current immunosuppressive regimens do not contribute to post-transplant central skeleton trabecular bone loss, and zoledronate does not induce ABD. Because fractures in transplant recipients are most commonly peripheral fractures, clinicians should consider bisphosphonate use in patients at high fracture risk who have evidence of significantly low bone mass at these sites at the time of KTx.
Osmanlı Döneminde Cüzzamlıların Tecrit Edildiği Miskinler Tekkesi’nin Konya Örneği / Konya Example of Lazar House Where Lepers Were Isolated in Ottoman Period
Authors: ŞAFAKÇI Hamit 
Published: January 2019

Sırçalı Sultan Zaviyesi ya da Miskinler Tekkesi olarak bilinen cüzzamhane, Konya’da Bordabaşı Mahallesi’ndeydi. I. Alaeddin Keykubat döneminde yaptırılan tekkenin banisi muhtemelen Sırçalı Sultan’dı. Alaeddin Keykubat da çeşitli vakıflar bırakmıştı. Sırça, kelime anlamı olarak çini anlamına gelse de yer ya da kişi ismi olarak kullanıldığına dair örnekler de vardır. Tekke, Konya ve havalisindeki cüzzamlıların tecrit edildiği bir vakıftı. Burada yaşayanlar, vakfa ait gelir kaynaklarının yanında halkın yardımlarıyla da geçinmişlerdi. Bu çalışmada cüzzam hastalığının teşhisi ve tedavisi ile cüzzamlıların sosyal hayattaki durumu irdelenmiştir. Ayrıca vakıfta görev alanlara da değinilmiştir. Miskinler Tekkesi’ne yerleştirilen insanların sosyal hayatları devam etmiştir. Nitekim ortaya çıkan davaların kadı tarafından görülmesi, dinî ibadetlerini yapmaları için imam görevlendirilmesi, cüzzamlı eşinden boşanmak isteyen kadının müracaatı ya da cüzzamlıların çocuk sahibi olmaları, tecrit edilmiş olsalar bile hayatın bir şekilde devam ettirildiğini göstermektedir. Ancak cüzzamhanede kalan hastaların sağlıklı insanların içine karışmaları kısıtlanmıştı.
Berat (Arnavud Belgradı) Vakıfları Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme / An Evalation on Waqfs of Berat (Albanian Belgrade)
Authors: ÇAM Mevlüt 
Published: January 2019

Berat, diğer adıyla Arnavut Belgradı, günümüzde Arnavutluk’un en önemli tarihi şehirlerinden birisi olup, tarihi dokusunu belli bir oranda günümüze kadar aktarmış bir Osmanlı beldesidir. Diğer Osmanlı şehirlerinde olduğu gibi Berat’ın da şehirleşmesinde Osmanlı vakıflarının büyük katkısı olmuştur.Çalışmamızda, günümüzde Arnavutluk sınırları dâhilinde bulunan ve belgelerde adı Arnavut Belgradı şeklinde geçen Berat’ta kurulan vakıflara ait vakfiyeler ile vakfiyesine ulaşılamayan vakıf belgeleriincelenerek, Berat’ta kurulan vakıflar ortaya konulmaya çalışılacaktır. Zira Berat, Arnavutluk hudutları dâhilinde en fazla vakıf kurulan şehirlerden birisi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu sebeple Berat şehrinde kurulan Osmanlı dönemi vakıflarının bir envanterinin çıkarılarak ortaya konulması Balkan ülkeleri çalışmaları kapsamında büyük önem arz etmektedir.
Liminal Identity: Reconstruction of Syrian Identity in Trump's America
Authors: Mzayek May 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
During November of 2016, the Electoral College elected Donald Trump as President of the United States of America. The following spring, I conducted research with Syrian refugees in Austin, Texas. Using liminality, or the space of uncertainty, I examined identity loss and change with Syrian refugees and within myself. As an immigrant from Syria, my identity was always an issue growing up in the United States, especially as my family struggled for years to attain citizenship. Trump's election evoked my past feelings of uncertainty regarding personhood. Understanding the political context and the challenges of resettlement, I conducted my thesis research in Austin, Texas, with Syrian refugees in order to examine changes in their identities. Their continued feelings of identity loss and change fortified their existence in a space I am very familiar with—liminality.
An Unlikely Cause: The Struggle for Driver's Licenses to Prevent Family Separation
Authors: Guzmán Jennifer R. , Medeiros Melanie A. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
As a result of the family separation policies that were implemented at the southern border of the United States this summer, public attention turned to draconian federal practices that criminalize, imprison, and harm unauthorized immigrants. In Upstate New York, by contrast, the immigrant rights movement is focused on a state level policy that would protect immigrant families from the separations that occur when immigrants who lack a driver's license are turned over by state and local law enforcement to federal immigration authorities. This article highlights the reasons why one grassroots organization of Latin American dairy farmworkers is campaigning for a humane driver's license policy and why they see this as the best route to protect against family separations. We highlight the motivations members of the group express and discuss how our research and advocacy with this organization follows a model of engaged anthropology in which directly-affected people take the lead.
Homeless Individuals as Collaborators for Housing First Program Improvement
Authors: Glasser Irene , Hirsch Eric 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We collaborated with chronically homeless individuals through conducting monthly Client Advisory groups as a part of our evaluation of a state-wide Housing First program in Rhode Island. Housing First is the innovative program for chronically homeless individuals with mental health and substance use disorders that provides the individuals permanent housing and the services that help the individuals retain the housing. The participants in our Client Advisory groups told us about their relief of being in housing after years on the streets and in shelters, their on-going problems, their dreams for the future, and their suggestions for the program. We were able to communicate the concerns of the homeless individuals to Housing First staff in order for them to strengthen the program. Our program evaluation was greatly enhanced through the voices of the homeless individuals.
Learning from Parents of Children with Childhood Asthma
Authors: Sanderson Brittney , Henry Doug 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Families of children with asthma have to shoulder immense burdens as part of care, and yet the social science literature on their experiences is not well developed or up-to-date. As part of a class project in Anthropology and Public Health, we interviewed eleven parents about their experiences with a chronically ill child and uncovered important themes about emotions, learning, assessments of risk, and control. We assert that asking parents about their experiences providing and monitoring and care can provide important data that could inform asthma management programs in the establishment of better support, education, and care.
Paediatric Jatropha poisoning: a retrospective study at Government General Hospital, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
Authors: V. Shashidhar , Dhanwadkar Sharanabasappa S. , Khanage Yogesh , Navale Rakesh , N. B. Ashwini Kumari 
Published: January 2019

Background: Plant poisonings are one of the significant causes of accidental poisoning among pediatric age group. As jatropha is being increasingly being cultivated in new regions for its economic benefit as a source of biodiesel, accidental poisoning among children are being reported. As with many members of the family euphrobiaceae, Jatropha contains compounds that are highly toxic. Jatropha Curcas is one of the best oil seed plants and identified as most suitable oil seed bearing plant due to its various favorable attributes. The objectives of this study were to determine the spectrum of clinical presentation and morbidity and mortality related to this poisoning. Methods: Data was collected from January 2012 to December 2013, total 19 cases of Jatropha were examined. Descriptive analyses and measures of central tendency were performed on the demographic data to describe the sample.Results: Overall 78 % of children presented with vomiting, pain abdomen and loose stool, while 15% were admitted with only complaints of vomiting, furthermore only 5 % had both symptoms of vomiting and loose stools. There was no mortality related to Jatropha poisoning out of 19 cases.Conclusions: In recent years there are increasing number of children being admitted to hospital with accidental ingestion of Jatropha seeds. Like in other reported studies present patients had predominant gastrointestinal symptoms and recovered well with supportive measures. There were no mortality or complications in present patients. Extensive awareness among the rural community and medical fraternity alike is needed about this potential lethal plant poison.
“None of You Cared Enough”: The Problematic Moralizing of 13Reasons Why
Authors: Wilson Graeme John 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT13 Reasons Why, a television series adapted from the 2007 novelThirteen Reasons Whyby Jay Asher, quickly evolved into a cultural phenomenon following its premiere in 2017. The plot of13 Reasons Whyconcerns the aftermath and fallout of a high school girl's suicide, and was intended by producers to deconstruct social stigmas attached to the act and examine motivations for suicide. While the series has initiated an ongoing dialogue about suicide,13 Reasons Whyhas also generated significant controversy regarding its portrayal, and the ultimate influence of the series has been called into question by professional organizations, who argue that13 Reasons Whycould possibly inspire copycat suicides. Suicide prevention advocacy groups have similar concerns that at‐risk youth who view the series may instead be motivated, instead of deterred, to commit suicide. By applying rhetorical criticism to select episodes of13 Reasons Whyand employing audience reception and social learning theory for its framework, this research essay utilizes13 Reasons Whyas a vessel to examine the greater influence of media texts on audiences and whether they can be held wholly accountable for provoking subsequent audience behaviors.
Crime and Sexuality in the 1955 and 1981 Adaptations of John Steinbeck'sEast of Eden
Authors: Davidson Daryl Malarry 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis article analyzes the two adaptations of John Steinbeck's crime‐ and sexuality‐laden novelEast of Eden, which had to undergo transformation of both narrative and style to accommodate translation to Elia Kazan's 1955 feature film and then to Harvey Hart's 1981 television miniseries. The paper uses a critical approach within the contexts of Dudley Andrew's three modes of adaptation—borrowing, intersecting, andtransforming—as well as within contexts that are conventional, historical, cultural, and limitary in relation to the different eras of Kazan's and Hart's productions. The analysis indicates that through omissions of characters and scenes, the creation of composite characters, truncation, allusion, dramatic license, and other elements, Kazan, Hart, and, respectively, screenwriters Paul Osborn and Richard Shapiro, render tried‐and‐true visual forms as well as indications of their own creativity. This paper concludes that censorship affected the evolution of Steinbeck's sprawling tale—from the Production Code Administration's reconsideration of the wordmadamand its struggle with the onscreen depiction of a brothel in the mid‐1950s, to television sponsor Procter & Gamble's objection to the portrayal of adultery in 1981.
Epidemiology and Trend of HIV/AIDs in Yazd, a province in the center of Iran, 2011-2017
Authors: Lotfi Mohammad Hassan , Khajeh Mohammad , Pedarzadeh Marjan , Jafarzadeh Majid , Pourmazar AliReza , Sharifi Masoud , Hosseini Saeed 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: The first case of HIV-infection in Iran was a hemophilic child who was infected by imported blood products in 1989. Since then, the HIV epidemic in Iran has undergone significant changes. This study investigated the time variations of the epidemiology of reported HIV/AIDS -infections during 2011-2017 in Yazd, Iran.
Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out using the data recorded in health centers of Yazd province from 2011 to 2017. The data were collected from the records of 98 patients using a researcher-made checklist. The rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS by gender per 100,000 people was calculated.
Results: Out of 98 reported HIV/AIDS cases, 56.1% were men, and 43.9% were women; 55.1% of cases were infected through sexual contact, 30.6% through the infected needle while injecting for drug use, 1.6% through mother-to-fetus transmission, 1.3% through tattooing, and 5.1% through the unspecified mechanism. During these years the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS in Yazd was declining, and the predominant mode of HIV transmission was through sexual contact.
Conclusion: Although the rate of newly reported HIV/AIDS -infection in Yazd province has decreased, we believe that the primary mode of HIV transmission has shifted from drug injection to unsafe sex.

Keywords: HIV, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Epidemiology, Iran, Yazd
The Health Literacy of Adults in Alborz Province in Iran
Authors: Ravati Seddigheh , Farid Malihe 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Health literacy is defined as the ability of an individual to acquire, interpret, and understand the basic information about health services and to use them. Health literacy is a strong predictor of health. Its low level is germane to health problems of people and society as well as economic costs. This study was designed to determine the level of health literacy considering socio-demographic factors in residents of Alborz province in 2015.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 465 people aged between 18 and 60 years old living in Alborz province were evaluated using two-stage random sampling technique (stratified and cluster sampling). In this study, Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire (IHLQ) and socio-demographic Information Questionnaire were used to collect the required data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as T-test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation test using SPSS software.
Results: The mean age of participants was 36.57(±11.08) years old and 68.2% of them were female. 22.4% of people had adequate, 44.3% had a moderate, and 33.3% had a poor level of health literacy. Health literacy in all dimensions of IHLQ except individual empowerment and social empowerment was moderate. People's access to health information also was moderate. The T-test indicated that the health literacy score was significantly higher in the individuals with the educational level of diploma and higher (p= 0.000), in Persian people (p= 0.008), and in unemployed people (p= 0.006).
Conclusion: The high level of inadequate (moderate and poor) health literacy of 77.6% of the Alborz province population should be taken into consideration in health system policies to apply an effective strategy for promoting health literacy that results in better health status, regarding effective socio–demographic factors for each dimension of health literacy.

Keywords: Health Literacy, Adults, Iranian Health Literacy Questionnaire (IHLQ)
Online Volunteering, A Way to Reduce Health Inequalities: A review study
Authors: Seddighi Hamed , Salmani Ibrahim 
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Volunteering is a way for community participation and involving local social capital. Volunteering has potential to enhance wellbeing and reducing health inequalities. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of online volunteering on people well-being and reducing inequalities.
Methods: In this narrative review, using related keywords 326 studies found in the initial search in PubMed, Sage, Springer, Google Scholar, Elsevier, PsycINFO and finally 57 studies selected for review.
Results: The study found that virtual volunteering in organizations is a combination of offline and online volunteering, and fewer volunteers are online volunteering. One of the main features of online volunteering is the maximum use of time, and reduces travel time; this type of volunteering can be done 24 hours a day and seven days a week. Online volunteering can involve all people, including young people, the elderly, people with disabilities and disadvantaged groups and minorities, and one of the main benefits of this type of volunteering is that many people who cannot attend the organization can participate this way, volunteer services will be provided, as well as racial and ethnic discrimination in this type of volunteering can be reduced.
Conclusion: Although online volunteering is developing globally, volunteer-based organizations have not yet adopted their strategies, rules and procedures for new volunteers. It seems online volunteering will also enable different groups to participate in activities and promote the health of different groups.

Keywords: Online Volunteering, Volunteer Organizations, Online advocacy, Health Inequality
Derechos fundamentales: indeterminación conceptual, plasmación jurídica e interpretación
Authors: Camus García Estela 
Published: January 2019

Este trabajo presenta una reflexión en torno al papel del Legislador y su competencia para la decisión. Fundamentalmente, propongo un debate sobre las posibles colisiones entre conceptos a partir de los que replantear las relaciones entre órganos constitucionales, la teoría de la Constitución, la teoría del Estado y la teoría de la democracia. En estas tensiones pueden vislumbrarse matices diferenciados entre dos estadios: el de la creación del Derecho y el de la aplicación del mismo.Recibido: 30 octubre 2018Aceptado: 21 noviembre 2018Publicación en línea: 27 diciembre 2018
Rasgos federales, justicia constitucional y búsqueda de un ‘Common Law’ europeo
Authors: Andreoli Enrico 
Published: January 2019

El trabajo interpretativo de los tribunales de las cumbres europea y americana –el Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea, por un lado, y el Tribunal Supremo, por otro– parece ser el punto de partida de un análisis que, a partir de algunas de las categorías de federalismo, parte de la geografía jurídica y conduce a la mejora de la identidad constitucional. En primer lugar, se tendrán en cuenta las características «federales» de la arquitectura jurídica europea, así como sus posibles similitudes con el federalismo estadounidense. Para ello, será útil comparar los mecanismos operativos concretos del «federalismo judicial» en ambos sistemas jurídicos. Por último, a través de un marco «federal» preciso de diálogo multinivel entre los Tribunales en el sistema jurídico europeo, se potenciará la posible aparición de una identidad constitucional común, así como de un «common law» continental.Recibido: 30 octubre 2018Aceptado: 21 noviembre 2018Publicación en línea: 27 diciembre 2018