bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“You can stay here with your papa and die or you can go with me”: The Ethical Imperative of The Road
Authors: Elmore Rick , Elmore Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Critics remain divided over the moral of The Road. Is McCarthy's post- apocalyptic novel a Christian allegory, a critique of capitalism, or a meditation on the indifference of the universe? While all these accounts have their merits, this article argues that an investigation of the historical and cultural setting of The Road and a detailed reading of the novel's conclusion demonstrate that The Road is a didactic novel, laying out direct ethical imperatives. Through an analysis of the dream of the cave with which the novel begins and ends, we show that there never was any possibility of returning to the world or worldview of the novel's father, a worldview defined by an ethos of individual survival over communal sharing. Hence, in the figure of the son, McCarthy develops an ethos toward community and the alleviation of suffering, one that the novel suggests might be the only hope for humans at the end of the world.
Evaluación de la indicación de cateterismo cardíaco diagnóstico a pacientes con enfermedad arterial coronaria.
Authors: Granados Flores Neftalí Alexander 
Published: October 2018

Objetivo. Identificar si el procedimiento de cateterismo cardíaco es indicado adecuadamente a los pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad arterial coronaria, en el Hospital Médico Quirúrgico del Instituto Salvadoreño del Seguro Social, de enero a diciembre 2016. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se realizó una revisión de 290 expedientes clínicos, se calculó la muestra a través del net quest, resultando 209 expedientes de pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardíaco. Se cataloga la indicación del cateterismo como apropiada, incierta o inadecuada. El riesgo pre test de coronariopatía se calculó con los Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Scores. Utilizando Chi-cuadrado se compararon las variables categóricas. Resultados. La mayor parte de pacientes sometidos a cateterismo cardíaco fueron hombres mayores de 50 años, con alto riesgo pretest para coronariopatía, tanto por el Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Score como por el Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction Score. Se observó una relación entre el grado del riesgo pre test para coronariopatía y la identificación de lesión angiográfica. Respecto a la categoría asignada con base en los “Criterios de uso apropiado del cateterismo cardiaco diagnóstico”, el 68% de los cateterismos se catalogaron como indicación apropiada y de estos, en el 99% se pudo detectar enfermedad arterial coronaria. Conclusiones. Los cateterismos cardíacos están siendo indicados de manera adecuada en el Hospital Médico Quirúrgico. Existe relación entre el riesgo pretest para coronariopatía y la categoría asignada a la indicación del cateterismo, de acuerdo con el Appropriate Use Criteria for Diagnostic Catheterization en la identificación de enfermedad arterial coronaria.Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 1: 18-25
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Limited Musculoskeletal Health Literacy in the Outpatient Setting: A Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Noback Peter C. , Seetharaman Mani , Tantigate Direk , Strauch Robert J. , Rosenwasser Melvin P. , Vosseller J. Turner 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors of limited musculoskeletal health literacy (MHL) in a general population of orthopaedic patients.

Methods:
Patients presenting to either a foot or ankle surgeon or hand or wrist surgeon were given the Literacy in Musculoskeletal Problems (LiMP) questionnaire, a nine-item survey for assessing “limited” MHL (LiMP score < 6). After confirming group homogeneity, the two populations were analyzed together to determine factors significantly correlated with and predictive of limited MHL.

Results:
Overall, 231 patients were included in the analysis. Average LiMP score was 5.4 ± 1.8, and 49% of participants had “limited” MHL. Chi-square analysis revealed that being non-Caucasian, using cigarettes, and having a less than college-level education were associated with a higher prevalence of “limited” MHL (P < 0.05). Logistic regression revealed that being of non-Caucasian race (P = 0.04) or having less than college-level education (P = 0.03) were significant independent predictors of “limited” MHL, with adjusted relative risks of 1.37 and 1.40, respectively.

Discussion:
In this study, the patients at the greatest risk of limited MHL are often at the risk of many other complications. These results should be used as a groundwork to craft directives aimed at improving MHL and outcomes in these patients.
The Role of Athletic Event Coverage in Orthopaedic Residency Training: A National Survey of Residency Program Directors
Authors: Miller Daniel J. , Trofa David P. , Parisien Robert L. , Noback Peter C. , Lynch T. Sean , Popkin Charles A. , Jobin Charles M. , Levine William N. , Ahmad Christopher S. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
No Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education guidelines exist regarding athletic event coverage by orthopaedic residents. This study assesses the availability and characteristics of event coverage opportunities in residency programs.

Methods:
An anonymous web-based survey assessing resident athletic event coverage opportunities was distributed to members (n = 158) of the American Orthopaedic Association's Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors.

Results:
The survey response rate was 39% (n = 62). Most of the programs (76%) offer athletic event coverage opportunities for residents, most (54%) of which are optional. Of the programs with coverage opportunities, 34 (74%) have a teaching curriculum and 10 (22%) report that residents are always under the direct supervision of an attending orthopaedic surgeon. Thirty programs (64%) count the time spent at athletic events toward duty hours.

Discussion:
A comprehensive and uniform resident experience for athletic event coverage does not exist. This finding may represent an area of deficiency in orthopaedic training requiring enhanced national standards.
Clinical Approach in Youth Sports Medicine: Patients' and Guardians' Desired Characteristics in Sports Medicine Surgeons
Authors: Beck Jennifer J. , Murray Martha M. , Christino Melissa A. 
Published: October 2018

Introduction:
Adolescent athletes' and their guardians' preferences for sports medicine surgeon characteristics are unknown.

Methods:
Unique, anonymous surveys regarding preferences in characteristics of sports medicine surgeons were given to both patients (aged 10 to 18 years) and their guardians before being seen by a sports medicine surgeon.

Results:
Patients and their guardians reported shared decision making as the most important surgeon characteristic, followed by understanding patients' sports and goals. A higher percentage of male patients than female patients had a surgeon sex preference (P = 0.005); however, for both the groups, this ranked lower than other surgeon qualities. Nearly all respondents reported that the adolescent patient should be involved in medical decision making; yet, physician selection was determined by the guardian 65% of the time.

Conclusions:
Both adolescent patients and their guardians reported shared decision making and understanding patients' sports and goals as surgeon qualities that were more important to them than surgeon sex.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV, cross-sectional study
De informatieplicht van een zorgaanbieder bij de afwikkeling van medische schade
Authors: Laarman B.S. 
Published: October 2018

De informatieplicht van een zorgaanbieder bij de afwikkeling van medische schade. Over finale kwijting, geschilleninstanties en ongeïnformeerde patiënten
Schikkingsonderhandelingen in de Wkkgz-voorfase en bindend advies worden vaak afgerond met een vaststellingsovereenkomst. De aard van de vaststellingsovereenkomst geeft veel gewicht aan de wilsvorming vooraf. Dat veronderstelt een informatieplicht. In de Wkkgz-voorfase betekent de informatieplicht dat een vaststellingsovereenkomst bij voorkeur pas wordt gesloten na deskundig advies. Een zorgaanbieder die zich achteraf op de verplichtingen uit het bindend advies van een geschilleninstantie wil beroepen, zal eveneens aan zijn informatieplicht moeten voldoen. De wijze van informatieverstrekking van de geschilleninstanties is dermate gebrekkig, dat aantasting van het bindend advies achteraf goed denkbaar is. Inspiratie wordt gezocht bij het medisch informed consent.
De Hoge Raad over het recht op inzage van de patiënt in de medische analyse van een adviseur van de aansprakelijkheidsverzekeraar van het ziekenhuis
Authors: Simons J.P.M. 
Published: October 2018

De Hoge Raad over het recht op inzage van de patiënt in de medische analyse van een adviseur van de aansprakelijkheidsverzekeraar van het ziekenhuis. HR 16 maart 2018, ECLI:NL:HR:2018:365
Na door een patiënt aansprakelijk te zijn gesteld, heeft de aansprakelijkheidsverzekeraar van het ziekenhuis, zonder medeweten van de patiënt, een radioloog geraadpleegd. Op grond van artikel 843a Rv vordert de patiënt bij het Hof Amsterdam inzage in de medische analyse van de radioloog, daarbij nadrukkelijk refererend aan het inzagerecht op grond van de Wbp. Het hof wijst de vordering af. De Hoge Raad bekrachtigt dit oordeel. De medische analyse van de radioloog betreft geen persoonsgegevens in de zin van Richtlijn 95/46/EG. Op grond van de Wbp komt de patiënt daarom geen recht toe op inzage in de medische analyse.
Investigation of cytotoxic effects of Eugenia caryophyllus (Clove)
Authors: Hepokur Ceylan 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:
Eugenia caryophyllus has been used as a
traditional medicinal herb for thousands of years. It is used as an analgesic for tooth and toothache
with the effect of eugenol substance included in clove. Clove is used at toothpaste and some mouthwash. The
aim of this study was determined of in vitro cytotoxic effects Eugenia caryophyllus on fibroblast
cells.

Materials
and Methods: Cytotoxic
activity of Eugenia caryophyllus was evaluated
using XTT assay.

Results: In the present study, toxicity of
clove that is used as a pain reliever in dentistry has examined on L929 cells. Eugenia
caryophyllus were
incubated at 24 and 48 hours. The IC50 values of Eugenia caryophyllus (Clove) were found 57,92 ± 0,98 µg/mL in 24 h,
37,97 ± 0,74 µg/mL in 48h.

Conclusions: The acceptable level of cytotoxicity associated with Eugenia caryophyllus requires further evaluation to be used
New Paratethyan dwarf baleen whales mark the origin of cetotheres
Authors: Gol'din Pavel 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundFamily Cetotheriidaesensu strictoand several closely related taxa comprise the Cetotherioidea and represent a lineage of Neogene baleen whales that includes the smallest edentulous baleen whales in Earth history. Most of known cetotheriids came from the Late Miocene to Quaternary, and the earliest records from the latest Middle Miocene. The Paratethys region shows a great diversity of Middle to Late Miocene cetotheriids. That includes nominative taxon of the family,Cetotherium rathkii, and this suggests that the earliest cetotheriids may have lived in that region.Materials and methodsHere,Ciuciulea davidi, a new genus and species from the Middle Miocene of southeastern Europe, is described as the chronologically earliest and earliest diverging member of Cetotheriidae. Also, a new specimen ofOtradnocetus, a basal Cetotherioidea sensu Gol’din & Steeman, 2015 is identified from the Late Miocene deposits of Caucasus and compared withOtradnocetus virodovifrom the Middle Miocene of the same region.Results and discussionCiuciulea davidiis a dwarf whale displaying primitive traits: posterior ends of facial bones forming a single transverse line, a narrow occipital shield, and a relatively long interparietal region. Meanwhile, it shares some cetotheriid apomorphies: posteriorly telescoped wedge-shaped facial bones and an ovoid tympanic bulla with shallow lateral and medial furrows, a short anterior lobe and a short sigmoid process. Phylogenetic analysis suggests thatParietobalaenaandOtradnocetusare branches diverging before the clade Cetotheriidae + Neobalaenidae. This is confirmed by the stepwise evolution of the anatomy of the squamosal, mandible, and ear bones across these groups. The re-described juvenile specimen ofOtradnocetusdiffers fromO. virodoviin the more primitive anatomy of the mandible and the autapomorphic anatomy of the humerus. Records of the earliest cetotheriids and related taxa in the Paratethys support the idea that this could be the region where Cetotheriidae evolved before their worldwide dispersal and radiation.
The validity and reliability of the “My Jump App” for measuring jump height of the elderly
Authors: Cruvinel-Cabral Rejane Maria , Oliveira-Silva Iransé , Medeiros André Ricarte , Claudino João Gustavo , Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Boullosa Daniel A. 
Published: October 2018

Background
The ability to jump has been related to muscle strength and power, speed and amplitude of the lower limbs movements, and specifically for the elderly, the vertical jump has been shown to be a good predictor of functional capacity and risk of falling. The use of a mobile application (App) which can measure the vertical jump (i.e., iPhone App My Jump) has recently emerged as a simple, cheap and very practical tool for evaluation of jump ability. However, the validity of this tool for the elderly population has not been tested yet. The elderly usually perform very low jumps and therefore the signal-to-noise ratio may compromise the validity and reliability of this method. Thus, the aim of the current study was to verify the validity and reliability of the iPhone App “My Jump” for the evaluation of countermovement jump (CMJ) height within an elderly population.

Methods
After familiarization, 41 participants performed three CMJs assessed via a contact mat and the My Jump App. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to verify the relative reliability, while the coefficient of variation (CV%) and the typical error of measurement (TEM) were used to verify the absolute reliability. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to verify the strength of the relationship between methods (i.e., concurrent validity), a Bland–Altman plot to show their agreement, and the Student’s t-test to identify systematic bias between them. For reliability analyses, all jumps were considered (i.e., 123). All jumps (i.e., 123), the average height of each attempt (i.e., 41), and the highest jump, were considered for validity analyses.

Results
The CMJ height of the highest jump was 10.78 ± 5.23 cm with contact mat, and 10.87 ± 5.32 with My Jump App, with an identified systematic bias of 0.096 cm (P = 0.007). There was a nearly perfect correlation between methods (r = 0.999; P = 0.000, in all cases) with a very good agreement observed (0.3255 to −0.5177 cm, 0.2797 to −0.5594 cm, and 0.3466 to −0.6264 cm, for highest jump height, average jump height, and all jump heights, respectively). The ICC of the My Jump App was 0.948, the TEM was 1.150 cm, and the CV was 10.10%.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the My Jump App is a valid and reliable tool compared to the contact mat for evaluating vertical jump performance in the elderly. Therefore, it allows a simple and practical assessment of lower limbs’ power in this population. For the elderly, as well as for other populations with low jumping heights, the highest jump height and the average jump height could be used indistinctly.
Immunofluorescence
Authors: Wardyn Joanna D , Jeyasekharan Anand D 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImmunofluorescence is a very sensitive and versatile method used to label specific molecular targets within cells and tissues through combined use of specific antibodies and chemical fluorescent tags. It is commonly performed on immobilised, preserved specimens to label target proteins and their subsequent detection by means of fluorescent microscopy or flow cytometry, for diagnostic and biomedical research purposes. Importantly, it enables measurements of signal within single cells and thus provides information on sample heterogeneity, which is frequently lost in other methods. Over the decades, the use of immunofluorescent staining with its numerous adaptations has allowed to visualise discrete and delicate inner workings of the cells and tissues and brought to light how they respond to changes in context of health and disease.Key ConceptsSpecific, primary antibody is used for detection and quantification of target antigen in cell type of interest.Signal amplification is achieved by binding of multiple fluorescently labelled secondary antibodies.Appropriate fixation and permeabilisation methods should be applied for optimal sample staining.Detection of fluorescence is achieved most commonly by epifluorescent or confocal microscopy, or flow cytometry analysis.Immunofluorescent staining protocols have been extensively adapted for more advanced purposes, such as proximity ligation assay, fluorescencein situhybridisation and super‐resolution microscopy.
Germ Line Mutation Rates in Old World Monkeys
Authors: Tran Lucy AP , Pfeifer Susanne P 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Mutations that occur in the germ line are the ultimate source of genetic variation upon which natural selection can act. As such, an understanding of the germ line mutation rate is crucial for interpreting evolutionary processes and products, whether in response to emerging infectious disease or climate change. Even in closely related species such as primates, substantial variation exists in both mutation rates as well as the mutational spectra, partially owing to differences in life history traits. Though considerable attention has been given to humans and other great apes in these characterisations, Old World monkeys represent an excellent and underutilised model system to investigate the extent and time scale at which mutation rates have evolved across the primate clade.

Key Concepts

Mutation rates are influenced by a variety of genetic factors, evolutionary processes and life history traits – many of which differ between primate species. As a consequence, studying the evolution of mutation rate itself across the primate clade has arisen as a key research question in the field of evolutionary and population genomics.
Prospective Determination of the Incidence and Risk Factors of New‐Onset Uveitis in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: The Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children Emphasizing Outcomes Cohort
Authors: Lee Jennifer J. Y. , Duffy Ciarán M. , Guzman Jaime , Oen Kiem , Barrowman Nick , Rosenberg Alan M. , Shiff Natalie J. , Boire Gilles , Stringer Elizabeth , Spiegel Lynn , Morishita Kimberly A. , Lang Bianca , Reddy Deepti , Huber Adam M. , Cabral David A. , Feldman Brian M. , Yeung Rae S. M. , Tucker Lori B. , Watanabe Duffy Karen ,   for the ReACCh‐Out Investigators
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveIdentification of the incidence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)–associated uveitis and its risk factors is essential to optimize early detection. Data from the Research in Arthritis in Canadian Children Emphasizing Outcomes inception cohort were used to estimate the annual incidence of new‐onset uveitis following JIA diagnosis and to identify associated risk factors.MethodsData were reported every 6 months for 2 years, then yearly to 5 years. Incidence was determined by Kaplan‐Meier estimators with time of JIA diagnosis as the reference point. Univariate log‐rank analysis identified risk factors and Cox regression determined independent predictors.ResultsIn total, 1,183 patients who enrolled within 6 months of JIA diagnosis met inclusion criteria, median age at diagnosis of 9.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] 3.8–12.9), median follow‐up of 35.2 months (IQR 22.7–48.3). Of these patients, 87 developed uveitis after enrollment. The incidence of new‐onset uveitis was 2.8% per year (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 2.0–3.5) in the first 5 years. The annual incidence decreased during follow‐up but remained at 2.1% (95% CI 0–4.5) in the fifth year, although confidence intervals overlapped. Uveitis was associated with young age (<7 years) at JIA diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR] 8.29, P < 0.001), positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test (HR 3.20, P < 0.001), oligoarthritis (HR 2.45, P = 0.002), polyarthritis rheumatoid factor negative (HR 1.65, P = 0.002), and female sex (HR 1.80, P = 0.02). In multivariable analysis, only young age at JIA diagnosis and ANA positivity were independent predictors of uveitis.ConclusionVigilant uveitis screening should continue for at least 5 years after JIA diagnosis, and priority for screening should be placed on young age (<7 years) at JIA diagnosis and a positive ANA test.
Kinetics of Graphene and 2D Materials Growth
Authors: Dong Jichen , Zhang Leining , Ding Feng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring the last 10 years, remarkable achievements on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of 2D materials have been made, but the understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still relatively limited. Here, the current progress on the understanding of the growth kinetics of 2D materials, especially for their CVD synthesis, is reviewed. In order to present a complete picture of 2D materials' growth kinetics, the following factors are discussed: i) two types of growth modes, namely attachment‐limited growth and diffusion‐limited growth; ii) the etching of 2D materials, which offers an additional degree of freedom for growth control; iii) a number of experimental factors in graphene CVD synthesis, such as structure of the substrate, pressure of hydrogen or oxygen, temperature, etc., which are found to have profound effects on the growth kinetics; iv) double‐layer and few‐layer 2D materials' growth, which has distinct features different from the growth of single‐layer 2D materials; and v) the growth of polycrystalline 2D materials by the coalescence of a few single crystalline domains. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities in future 2D materials' synthesis are summarized.
Highly In‐Plane Anisotropic 2D GeAs2 for Polarization‐Sensitive Photodetection
Authors: Li Liang , Gong Penglai , Sheng Daopeng , Wang Shuao , Wang Weike , Zhu Xiangde , Shi Xingqiang , Wang Fakun , Han Wei , Yang Sanjun , Liu Kailang , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDue to the intriguing anisotropic optical and electrical properties, low‐symmetry 2D materials are attracting a lot of interest both for fundamental studies and fabricating novel electronic and optoelectronic devices. Identifying new promising low‐symmetry 2D materials will be rewarding toward the evolution of nanoelectronics and nano‐optoelectronics. In this work, germanium diarsenide (GeAs2), a group IV–V semiconductor with novel low‐symmetry puckered structure, is introduced as a favorable highly anisotropic 2D material into the rapidly growing 2D family. The structural, vibrational, electrical, and optical in‐plane anisotropy of GeAs2 is systematically investigated both theoretically and experimentally, combined with thickness‐dependent studies. Polarization‐sensitive photodetectors based on few‐layer GeAs2 exhibit highly anisotropic photodetection behavior with lineally dichroic ratio up to ≈2. This work on GeAs2 will excite interests in the less exploited regime of group IV–V compounds.