bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on natural-based active compounds delivery system and its potential in food preservative application
Authors: Anuar N A F M , Kormin F , Abidin N A Z 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Most of the essential oils extracted from various plants has a great potential to be used as a natural source of antimicrobial agent. These natural antimicrobials compounds are poorly soluble or lipophilic and thus required surfactant and co-surfactant to make them stable and boost up their efficacy as a food preservative. Regarding to these problems colloidal delivery systems based on microemulsions or nanoemulsions are increasingly being utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries to encapsulate, protect, and deliver lipophilic bioactive components affectively. Unfortunately, in major foods and pharmaceutical industry, ternary food grade surfactant (such as tween-20, tween-80 span-80) were commonly being selected to be used along with pH adjustments compared to another available natural surfactants such as sodium caseinate, gelatin and lecithin. The objective of this review is to present briefly the possible applications of these novel systems of nanoemulsion and microemulsions using recent methods and techniques. Review on journal related on formation of emulsion systems applied in industries especially on foods and beverages had been done. For example, review had been done on journal discussed on application of essential oil as a flavor in beverages, application of microemulsion system as delivery system in natural food coloring in food products as well as oil loaded microemulsion and its potential to be used as a natural food preservative. All method used in the journal has been reviewed, analyzed and improvised for a better further application.
Ethnobotanical note, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidative activities of wild edible vegetable, Crassocephalum crepidioides from Kota Belud, Sabah
Authors: Awang-Kanak Fadzilah , Fadzelly Abu Bakar Mohd , Mohamed Maryati 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Crassocephalum crepidioides or locally known as “tanduk manggarang” (Bajau) or “gipun” (Dusun) is an underutilized weed that has been consumed as wild edible vegetable by Sama Bajau people in Kota Belud, Sabah. The villagers obtained the plant from local traders at fresh market or foraging the plant from forest. Correlation between TPC and TFC with IC50 of DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities were analysed by using Pearson’s correlation. The ethanolic extract exhibited the highest TPC (175.06±0.574 µg/ml) and TFC (139.72±0.923 µg/ml), followed by hot water extract with TPC of 54.45±0.818 µg/ml and TFC of 25.07±0.156 µg/ml. The distilled water extract showed the lowest TPC (29.98±0.918 µg/ml) and TFC (19.96±0.538 µg/ml). Antioxidant activities also demonstrated the same trend, ethanolic extract displayed the highest percentage of antioxidant activity of DPPH (85.4±1.64 %) and ABTS (85.2±0.57 %), followed by hot water extract with 65.4±3.87 % for DPPH and 79.4±3.2 % for ABTS. Distilled water extract had the lowest antioxidant activities for both DPPH (55.0±0.7 2%) and ABTS (71.35±2.61 %). The IC50 of DPPH assay were decreasing in the subsequent order; distilled water>hot water>ethanolic. Meanwhile, the IC50 of ABTS were decreasing in the following order; hot water>distilled water>ethanolic. There was negative high correlation between TPC in C. crepidioides leaves extracts with their IC50 of DPPH and ABTS assays. Following the same trend, there was also negative high correlation between TFC in C. crepidoides leaves extracts with their IC50 of DPPH and ABTS assays. As a conclusion, this readily available wild edible vegetable could be a potent resource of natural antioxidant for rural populace in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.
A Brief Overview on Light Pollution
Authors: Azman M I , Dalimin M N , Mohamed M , Abu Bakar M F 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRapid urbanisation across the globe has resulted to exponential population boomed inhabiting the big cities and urban areas. Unfortunately, this also means more people are now experiencing light pollution (LP) without ever realising it. Vigorous development and economic growth contributed to a sweeping increase in artificial light usage, which further deteriorate the natural dark sky. Altreration in the circadian rhythm of human, plants and animals and loss of naked-eye observable astronomical bodies, are only among the few of LP impacts. However, LP is considered newly recognised anthropogenic pollution where little initiatives have taken in addressing it. This study employs qualitative method of literatures review with using the 4W1H questions (i.eWhat, When, Which, WhyandHow)derived from an online search query data visualisation tool called “Answer The Public”. These keyword questions act as a guideline in providing general overview on LP issue while answering commonly asked questions by the Internet users. Furthermore, this paper attempts to foresee future directions in LP research.
Bird Diversity of Lingai, Terengganu, Malaysia
Authors: Faiznur A A B , Wong C H , McAfee A , Maryati M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the species diversity of birds and to establish a checklist of bird species in Lingai, Terengganu, Malaysia. Two different sampling stations were chosen; which was old growth vegetation and agriculture area. Mist netting was conducted for five consecutive days, monthly from November 2012 to April 2013. A total of 83 individuals belonging to 14 families were sampled and recorded. From 25 different species, 59 individuals (71.1%) were netted from old growth vegetation while another 24 (28.9%) were netted from agriculture area. From the study, the Shannon-Weiner index was calculated where old growth vegetation gave a higher value of H’=2.526, than that of agriculture area with a value of H’=2.126. The test shows no significant difference in terms of bird diversity (t = 0.0074, df = 81, P>0.05) between both sites. The dominant species caught was stripe-throated bulbul (Pycnonotus fynlaysoni) followed by collared scops owl (Ottus bakkamoena). As a conclusion, the result shows that Lingai has a diverse bird community that must be conserved and more studies should be made in order to understand better on the diversity of birds in Lingai.
Plant Diversity Assessment and Traditional Knowledge Documentation of Home Gardens in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor
Authors: Ganesan S , Sabran S F , Mazlun M H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Home gardens act as an important ex situ conservation for biodiversity. While many home gardens are based on traditional knowledge system, the erosion of traditional knowledge posts serious challenges to the preservation and conservation of plant diversity. Therefore, this study aimed to document ethnobotanical knowledge of cultivated plants and to assess their species diversity in the selected home gardens. A total of 50 home gardens in the center of Parit Raja, Johor were selected and the plant uses were documented using semi-structured questionnaires. In total, 127 plant species belonging to 55 families were recorded from the study area. Euphorbiaceae had the highest number of species (12), followed by the families of Rutaceae (8), and Zingiberaceae (6). The most cited plant species were Codiaeum sp. (35), Cymbopogan citratus (30), and Capsicum annuum (27). Of the recorded plant species, 51% were used as sources of food, 31% as ornamentals, 27% as medicinal, and 1% as dye and in ritual. The study shows that properly managed home gardens have high productivity and sustainability which help in conserving plant diversity, traditional knowledge, and food sufficiency.
Expert perspective on success factors of civil engineers in improving project competencies in construction
Authors: Ismail H , Akasah Z A , Nagapan S , Khamis A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Success factors (CSFs) are inputs to construction management preparation which can lead immediately or indirectly to undertaking success. It encompasses many elements, which have to be synchronized to make certain the project is delivered on time. Competencies are important in all fields of human endeavor. Features of the building technique and construction undertaking render this ability essential. Therefore the selection of a civil engineer for a building project is an imperative mission decision. The selection procedure entails special criteria and be in accordance with agency’s policies and challenge specifications. Traditionally, five (5) potential experts are interviewed and the most certified will be chosen in compliance with organization priorities and task conditions. This paper aims to disclose a conceptual, critical success factor affecting competencies of civil engineer for development undertaking in Malaysia. Hopefully the end result can be used as a practice to measure the degree of competency of civil engineer.
An empirical study on benefits and future expectation of (IBS) applications in Melaka construction firm
Authors: Ismail H , Akasah Z A , Nagapan S , Khamis A , Saharani M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Industrialised Building System (IBS) is popular in many developing countries due to the benefits that can be derived from its applications in construction projects. However, due to lack of awareness and knowledge regarding IBS is a factor contributing to the percentage of IBS usage is still low among many professionals such as client, consultant and contractor. The focus of this study is to determine the benefits and future expectations on the application of IBS in construction projects by Melaka construction firms. This study adopts a mix methodof using questionnaires that were sent to 94 construction firms as a sampling frame and interview with 4 professionals who are involved directly with IBS construction projects. Finally, hopefully the finding of this study could assist construction players in enhancing decision making by providing a new and better knowledge in IBS construction projects implementation and also this study will achieved the project objectives in terms of predetermined objectives that are mostly within the time, specified budget and standard quality.
Characterization and stability study of lemongrass oil blend microemulsion as natural preservative
Authors: Lee Pei Ling Jenny , Kormin Faridah , Alyani Zainol Abidin Nurul , Aini Fatihah Mohamed Anuar Nor 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Food preservative plays an important role in maintaining food quality and extending shelf life. Essential oils as natural preservatives are preferred due to its pose as less harmful to human as compared to chemical preservatives. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of lemongrass oil blend microemulsion by studying its physical properties, stability and antibacterial efficacy in curry paste. Ternary phase diagram is constructed via phase titration method for the microemulsion formulation. Microemulsion technology improves the effectiveness of lemongrass essential oil by stabilizing and preserving its own natural benefits. The antibacterial compounds identification was elucidated by GC-MS. The overall results concluded that lemongrass oil blend microemulsion shows transparent appearance, low acidity (pH 4.1 - 5.1), moderate conductivity (18 - 58 μS/cm), low viscosity (<4 mPa second) and high stability. It can be an alternative for natural preservative with all the traits obtained in this study with an additional antibacterial effect by d-limonene, citronellal, citronellol and citral.
Variations of physicochemical properties of stingless bee honey from different botanical origin in state of Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Majid Mahani , Fadzelly Abu Bakar Mohd , Mian Zakbah , Esa Fahmiruddin , Kok Yeow You 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Physicochemical parameters analysis was used in the identification of varietal honey from different botanical origin. Botanical origin is one of the important parameter to be known as a quality control to meet the legislated mandatory requirement during commercialization. This study assessed the influence of the botanical origin on the physicochemical properties of stingless bee honey or known as kelulut honey in state of Johor, Malaysia. The honey samples were collected in six different botanical origins namely acacia,coconut, mangrove, starfruit, multifruits and multiflowers produced by bee species of Heterotrigona itama. Tualang honey from bee species of Apis dorsata was included as a positive control. The physicochemical properties in terms of pH, moisture, ash content, electrical conductivity (EC) and colour intensity were measured. The result obtained revealed an average pH (3.40 ± 0.15), moisture (28.9 ± 2.69 g/100g), ash (0.37 ± 0.27 g/100g), electrical conductivity (0.11 ± 0.07) mS/cm, and colour intensity (692 ± 187) mAU. In general, the raw honey from state of Johor presented satisfactory quality according to the result obtained help in honey identification and authenticity as well as to sustain meliponiculture industry in Malaysia.
Population Density of Avian Species in a Man-Made Wetland of Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Martins C O , Zakaria M , Olaniyi O E , Angela U O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study determined the density and diversity of water and terrestrial dependent avian species in man-made Putrajaya wetlands, Peninsular Malaysia using the distant point count techniques. A total sum of 36,544 bird’s individuals (25water bird and 75 terrestrial bird species) was identified from November 2016 to July 2018. The overall bird’s density is 1.17 ± 0.04 birds’ ha−1 at 95.00% confidence limit. The terrestrial bird species (TBS) had a higher density (1.35 ± 0.04 birds’ ha−1), while the water bird species (WBS) had a lower density (0.98 ± 0.16 birds’ ha−1). For WBS, Nycticorax nycticorax and Casmero diusalbus recorded the highest (5.31 ± 3.27 birds’ ha1) and least (0.13 ± 0.15 birds’ ha−1) densities respectively. Also, Columba livia and Arachnothera flavigaster recorded the highest (7.15 ± 1.77 birds’ ha−1) and least (0.07±0.02 birds’ ha−1) densities respectively in TBS. The TBS had higher Shannon– Wiener species diversity index (N1 = 5.67), Margalef’s species richness index (R1 = 15.06) and Pielou’s J species evenness index (E = 1.29) in contrast to the WBS (N1 = 3.71; R1 = 4.58 and E = 1.18). The study revealed the potentials of the man-made Putrajaya wetlands to harbour diverse avian species. This implied the needs to conserve this enclave in order to increase the population, perpetuity and sustainability of the avian species.
Comparison of chemical, functional and morphological characteristics of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) (J33) seed starch and commercial native starches
Authors: Syuhada Mohamad Yazid Nurulain , Abdullah Norazlin , Muhammad Norhayati 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to compare the starch isolated from jackfruit seed specifically from J33 variety with the commercial native potato, tapioca and waxy maize starches in terms of their chemical, functional and morphological properties. The infra–red spectra, bond bending and stretching of all samples were analysed using FTIR spectrometer within range of 4000 - 400 cm−1. Least gelation concentration (LGC), swelling power (SP) and solubility were determined as functional properties of the starches. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) was used for characterisation of starch granules morphology. FTIR measurement shows aromatic compounds detected in jackfruit seed starch (JSS). LGC displays capability of JSS to form gel at 10% which is better than potato starch. SP and solubility of JSS have no significant differences over the temperature changes. SEM image of JSS exhibits bell and round shape of starch granule. Thus, JSS can be a good source of starch in future and help in reducing waste by turning into beneficial product.
Prevention of Enzymatic Browning by Chemical Treatment on Etlingera elatior Puree Processing
Authors: Aini Fatihah Mohamed Anuar Nor , Kormin Faridah , Alyani Zainol Abidin Nurul , Abu Bakar Fadzelly , Fatimah Zahrah Mohd Fuzi Siti , Sabran Fatimah 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSimplex-centroid mixture design has been applied to investigate the effectiveness of chemical formulation prior to prevent enzymatic browning onEtlingera elatiorpuree as well as to study its antioxidant properties and consumer acceptance on the product by using a 9-point hedonic scale analysis. Formulation consists of four different food grade chemicals (Ascorbic acid, Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), Citric acid, and Benzoic acid). Spectrophotometric was used to assay the polyphenol oxidase enzyme (PPO) activity, by measuring the initial rate of quinone formation, as indicated by increase in absorbance value. Antioxidant properties of puree samples were measured through scavenging activity (DPPH), total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. Total color different (ΔE) of processedEtlingera Elatiorwere determined by Hunter L*a*b*. Optimization suggested a chemical formulation containing 50% ascorbic acid and 50% citric acid as the best proportion prior to its ability in enzyme inhibition, antioxidant characteristics and consumer acceptance.
The effect of different solvent extraction towards antiurolithiatic properties of Euphorbhia hirta and Orthosiphon stamineus
Authors: Pauzi A N , Muhammad N , Sairi N H , Tuan Putra T N M , Gul M T , Rahim N F A , Marzuki N A S , Abu Bakar M F , Talip B A , Abdullah N 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere are many natural remedies derived from herbs have been used as alternatives to treat kidney stones disease effectively includingEuphorbia hirta L.andOrthosiphon stamineus.Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of four different extraction solvents ofE. hirtaandO. stamineusincluding hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate and water to inhibit the crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx)in-vitro. The inhibition of crystallization was studied by using rate of CaOx aggregation assay and was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Cystone was used as positive control. The result showed the best inhibition in aggregation of CaOx was exhibited by hexane extract ofE. hirta(95.78%) which had no significant difference with Cystone, and the lowest inhibition was shown by hexane extract ofO. stamineus(20% ±). It could be related to the presence of higher amount of alkaloid in hexane extract ofE. hirtaas compared to other extracts. In conclusion, both of plant extracts showed antiurolithiatic properties by inhibiting the crystallization of calcium oxalate. However, the rate of inhibition for both plants varies depending on the type of solvent used.
Antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Kembang semangkok (Scaphium macropodum) stem bark
Authors: Sanusi S B , Abu Bakar M F , Mohamed M , Sabran S F , Azizul I 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Scaphium macropodum (S. macropodum) belongs to the Sterculiaceae family. Different parts of this plant are used traditionally to treat several diseases such as cancer, asthma, cough, dysentery, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, fever, inflammation, and sore throat. This study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and identify the chemical constituents of methanol extract of S. macropodum. The inhibitory activity of the extract was tested against Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) and Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis) by disc diffusion assay. Broth microdilution assay was used to determine the MIC and MBC, and the extract was subjected to the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) to identify the chemical constituents. The results showed that S. aureus displayed the largest zone of inhibition (10.67 ± 0.58 mm), and negative zone of inhibition was observed with E. coli and S. typhimurium in agar disk diffusion assay. S. aureus showed the lowest MIC (0.78 mg/mL) and MBC (3.13 mg/mL). The GC-MS analysis of S. macropodum methanol extract showed the presence of at least four bioactive compounds i.e. 1-methyl-trans-decahydroquinol-5(equat)-ol, hexadecanoate methyl, hexadecanoic acid <n->, and phthalic acid, di(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) ester. The findings from this study suggested that S. macropodum could be a promising candidate for antibacterial agent due to its bactericidal property and can be further investigated.
PrimaTourism: Preliminary Study on Activity Budget of Dusky leaf monkey Trachypithecus obscurus obscurus in Bukit Soga Perdana, Batu Pahat, Johor
Authors: Siti-Kauthar M , Najmuddin M F , Md-Zain B M , Abdul-Latiff M A B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Dusky leaf monkey, Trachypithecus obscurus distributed throughout Peninsular Malaysia are currently under threats by agricultural land conversion, habitat fragmentation, pet trade and other anthropogenic development. Bukit Soga Perdana, Batu Pahat, Johor is an island forest surrounded by urban development and the populations are highly fragmented here. PrimaTourism is an alternative way to conserve primate species through the means of wildlife tourism. Thus, the aim for this study is to obtain the daily activity budget of T. obscurus in Bukit Soga Perdana to serve as foundation for PrimaTourism activities. Scan sampling method was employed in this study from November 2017 to February 2018 and a total of nine category of behaviours were recorded. Results indicated that T. obscurus spent most of the time moving, followed by feeding, resting, vocalization, agonistic and allomothering. These behaviours are largely influenced the surroundings such as presence or absence of humans. This study provide the first report on daily activity budget of dusky leaf monkey in Bukit Soga Perdana, not only to understand the behaviour of the species, but also as foundation to initiate PrimaTourism in the area.
Avifauna study of Tanjung Piai, Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Yatim Mustafar M H , Norazlimi N A , Abdul-Latiff M A B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Tanjung Piai is located in the southern-most tip of mainland Asia. It is one of the most important Ramsar site and Important Bird Area (IBA) in Malaysia. However, this site is receiving a major threat from shipping traffic in Malacca Straits which led to several impacts such as coastal erosion and pollution. Avifauna study of Tanjung Piai was conducted from May until August 2017. The objective of the study is to document the diversity of birds in the wetland areas of Tanjung Piai. The bird was recorded by using direct observation technique as well as mist-net trapping method. A total of 228 individuals, 32 species, and 23 families were recorded. The Shannon-Weiner Index, H’, is 3.33 indicated that Tanjung Piai has high diversity and serve as a good habitat for bird species.