bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nomograms Predict Cancer‐Specific and Overall Survival of Patients With Primary Limb Leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Wang Wei , Hong Jianqiao , Meng Jiahong , Wu Haobo , Shi Mingmin , Yan Shigui , Huang Yiting 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTTo date, there have been no data to predict the survival of patients with leiomyosarcoma from soft limb tissue because of the rarity of this disease. Nomograms have been widely applied in clinical oncology to precisely predict the survival of individual patients. This was a retrospective study to construct and validate nomograms to predict the cancer‐specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with primary limb leiomyosarcoma (PL‐LMS). A total of 1,208 patients with LMS from limb soft tissue were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 1975 to 2015. We identified independent prognostic factors using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. These prognostic factors were then included in the nomograms to predict 3‐ and 5‐year CSS and OS rates. Finally, we validated the nomograms internally and externally. A total of 1208 patients were collected and divided into validation (N = 604) and training (N = 604) groups. Age, race, grade, tumor size, stage, and surgical types were demonstrated as independent prognostic factors for CSS and OS (all p < 0.05) and further used to construct the nomograms. The concordance index (C‐index) for CSS was 0.857 for internal validation and 0.727 for external validation. The C‐index for OS and CSS both demonstrated that the nomogram prediction agreed perfectly with actual survival. We developed nomograms to predict CSS and OS in PL‐LMS patients and can benefit from using them to identify patients’ mortality risk and make more precise assessments regarding survival. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1649–1657, 2019.
New Design Process for Anatomically Enhanced Osteosynthesis Plates
Authors: Tkany Luisa , Hofstätter Bernhard , Petersik Andreas , Miehling Jörg , Wartzack Sandro , Sesselmann Stefan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis study evaluated the implementation and effectiveness of an iterative process aimed to quantify and enhance the anatomical fit of an osteosynthesis plate design for the fifth metacarpal bone regarding a defined shape‐based acceptance criterion (SAC) while complying with basic clinical requirements and engineering limitations. The process was based on employing virtual tools (a database of individual three‐dimensional bone models, statistical analysis of the bone geometry, and proprietary software tools) to evaluate conformity between plate designs and bone shape. The conformity was quantified by the mean distance between plate and bone (MBP). The enhancement was completed when the median MBP of the population was below the SAC threshold. This was fulfilled by the third plate design (two enhancement iterations). The intentionally abstract enhancement process may serve as a guideline for development of plate designs for other indications. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1508–1517, 2019.
Comparative Evaluation of the Book‐Type Acellular Bone Scaffold and Fibrocartilage Scaffold for Bone‐Tendon Healing
Authors: Lu Hongbin , Tang Yifu , Liu Fei , Xie Shanshan , Qu Jin , Chen Can 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTBone‐tendon (B‐T) healing is a clinical challenge due to its limited regeneration capability. Fibrocartilage regeneration and bone formation at the healing site are two critical factors for B‐T healing. Promoting fibrocartilage regeneration and bone formation by tissue‐engineering may be a promising treatment strategy. In this study, we innovatively fabricated two kinds of acellular scaffolds from bone or fibrocartilage tissues, namely the book‐type the acellular bone scaffold (BABS) and the book‐type acellular fibrocartilage scaffold (BAFS). Histologically, the two scaffolds well preserved the native extracellular matrix (ECM) structure without cellular components. In vitro studies showed BABS is superior in osteogenic inducibility, while BAFS has good chondrogenic inducibility. To comparatively investigate the efficacy on B‐T healing, the BABS or BAFS were, respectively, implanted into a rabbit partial patellectomy model. Macroscopically, a regenerated bone‐tendon insertion (BTI) was bridging the residual patella and patellar‐tendon with no signs of infection and osteoarthritis. Radiologically, more new bone was formed at the healing interface in the BABS group as compared with the BAFS or control (CTL) groups (p < 0.05). Histologically, at postoperative week 16, histological scores were significantly better for regenerated fibrocartilage in the BAFS group or BABS group compared with the CTL group, but the BAFS group showed a significantly larger score than the BABS groups (p < 0.05). Biomechanical evaluation indicated a higher failure load and stiffness were shown in the BAFS group than those in the BABS or CTL groups at week 16 (p < 0.05). This study indicated that the BAFS is a more promising scaffold for B‐T healing in comparison with the BABS. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1709–1722, 2019
Bone Microarchitecture and Distal Radius Fracture Pattern Complexity
Authors: Daniels Anne M. , Theelen Luuk M. A. , Wyers Caroline E. , Janzing Heinrich M. J. , van Rietbergen Bert , Vranken Lisanne , van der Velde Robert Y. , Geusens Piet P. M. M. , Kaarsemaker Sjoerd , Poeze Martijn , van den Bergh Joop P. 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTDistal radius fractures (DRFs) occur in various complexity patterns among patients differing in age, gender, and bone mineral density (BMD). Our aim was to investigate the association of patient characteristics, BMD, bone microarchitecture, and bone strength with the pattern complexity of DRFs. In this study, 251 patients aged 50–90 years with a radiologically confirmed DRF who attended the Fracture Liaison Service of VieCuri Medical Centre, the Netherlands, between November 2013 and June 2016 were included. In all patients fracture risk factors and underling metabolic disorders were evaluated and BMD measurement with vertebral fractures assessment by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry was performed. Radiographs of all DRFs were reviewed by two independent investigators to assess fracture pattern complexity according to the AO/OTA classification in extra‐articular (A), partially articular (B), and complete articular (C) fractures. For this study, patients with A and C fractures were compared. Seventy‐one patients were additionally assessed by high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography. Compared to group A, mean age, the proportion of males, and current smokers were higher in group C, but BMD and prevalent vertebral fractures were not different. In univariate analyses, age, male gender, trabecular area, volumetric BMD (vBMD), and stiffness were associated with type C fractures. In multivariate analyses, only male gender (odds ratio (OR) 8.48 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.75–41.18, p = 0.008]) and age (OR 1.11 [95% CI 1.03–1.19, p = 0.007]) were significantly associated with DRF pattern complexity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that age and gender, but not body mass index, BMD, bone microarchitecture, or strength were associated with pattern complexity of DRFs.© 2019 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1690–1697, 2019
Effect of Femoral Head Size, Subject Weight, and Activity Level on Acetabular Cement Mantle Stress Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Del‐Valle‐Mojica Jose‐Francisco , Alonso‐Rasgado Teresa , Jimenez‐Cruz David , Bailey Colin G , Board Tim N 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTIn cases where cemented components are used in total hip arthroplasty, damage, or disruption of the cement mantle can lead to aseptic loosening and joint failure. Currently, the relationship between subject activity level, obesity, and prosthetic femoral head size and the risk of aseptic loosening of the acetabular component in cemented total hip arthroplasty is not well understood. This study aims to provide an insight into this. Finite element models, validated with experimental data, were developed to investigate stresses in the acetabular cement mantle and pelvic bone resulting from the use of three prosthetic femoral head sizes, during a variety of daily activities and one high impact activity (stumbling) for a range of subject body weights. We found that stresses in the superior quadrants of the cortical bone‐cement interface increased with prosthetic head size, patient weight, and activity level. In stumbling, average von Mises stresses (22.4 MPa) exceeded the bone cement yield strength for an obese subject (143 kg) indicating that the cement mantle would fail. Our results support the view that obesity and activity level are potential risk factors for aseptic loosening of the acetabular component and provide insight into the increased risk of joint failure associated with larger prosthetic femoral heads. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1771–1783, 2019
Furan formation from ingredient interactions and furan mitigation by sugar alcohols and antioxidants of bamboo leaves in milk beverage model systems
Authors: Guo Jun , Zhao Runmin , Li Jiaqi , Wu Dongyan , Yang Qiyue , Zhang Yan , Wang Shuo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDFuran is a potential carcinogen that can be formed in various heat‐treated foods, including milk beverages. Studies on the formation and mitigation of furan in milk beverages are rare. In the present study, the effects of ingredients on furan formation and the reduction of furan by sugar alcohols and antioxidants of bamboo leaves (AOB) were investigated in a milk beverage model system.RESULTSThe results obtained demonstrated that the Maillard reaction is the major pathway for furan formation in a milk beverage model system, and the type of sugar has a great influence on furan formation. High fructose corn syrup (HFCS 55) was more favorable for furan formation than sucrose. Thermal oxidation of ascorbic acid and lipids significantly enhanced furan generation. Xylitol, sorbitol and mannitol inhibited furan formation in model systems by replacing sucrose or HFCS. The maximum inhibition percentage of furan formation was observed when sucrose/HFCS was substituted completely by xylitol and the inhibition rate was 78.28% and 88.64% separately for the sucrose/HFCS‐containing system. AOB significantly inhibited furan formation and the inhibition rate reached 32.13% and 28.52% separately for the sucrose/HFCS‐containing system.CONCLUSIONThe present study demonstrates that the use of sugar alcohols and AOB could be a feasible way of reducing furan formation in thermally processed milk beverages. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Percutaneous management of malignant biliary disease
Authors: Riaz Ahsun , Pinkard John P. , Salem Riad , Lewandowski Robert J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPercutaneous biliary interventions have established their role in the management of benign and malignant biliary disease. There are limited data comparing procedures performed by gastroenterologists and interventional radiologists in managing malignant biliary obstruction. Endoscopic procedures performed by gastroenterologists are not completely benign with reported complications ranging from 2% to 15%. It is important that gastroenterologists and interventional radiologists collaborate to form algorithms for management of malignant biliary obstruction which provide safe and efficacious care to these patients.
Organized cryogel composites with 3D hierarchical porosity as an extraction adsorbent for nucleosides
Authors: Zhao Shuling , Zou Yulin , Wang Yaya , Zhang Haixia , Liu Xiaoyan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMacroscopic monoliths are highly desirable in many fields of application. Herein, well organized organic–inorganic cryogel composite with a three‐dimensional hierarchical meso‐ and macroporous structure are presented, which were produced by in situ copolymerization of mesoporous multifunctional silica (size: 1–20 μm; pore: 2–20 nm mostly) and monomers (hydroxyethyl methacrylate and diallyldimethylammonium chloride) in water below the freezing point. This copolymerization method effectively adjusted the macropores of the basic cryogel, and the nanosilica was more homogeneously dispersed in the basic cryogel. The specific surface area of the cryogel composite was increased 17 times versus than that of the basic cryogel. The abundant meso‐ and macroporous pores on the cryogel composite provided sufficient reactive sites favorable for the efficient mass transport of target compounds. When the cryogel composite, as solid phase extraction adsorbent, was coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography, an analytical tool, the nucleosides were quantified with good selectivity, lower detection limits (0.9–1.3 ng/mL) and satisfactory recoveries of greater than 80% from spiked human serum.
Analysis of two‐dimensional models for liquid chromatographic reactors of cylindrical geometry
Authors: Uche Ugochukwu David , Qamar Shamsul , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis work presents the analytical solutions of two‐dimensional isothermal reactive general rate models for liquid chromatographic reactors of cylindrical geometry. Both irreversible and reversible reactions are considered. The model equations form a linear system of convection‐diffusion‐reaction partial differential equations coupled with algebraic equations for isotherms. Analytical solutions are derived by integrated implementation of finite Hankel transform, Laplace transform, eigen‐decomposition technique, and conventional ordinary differential equations solution technique. To verify the analytical results, a high‐resolution finite volume scheme is also applied to numerically approximate the model equations. The current results can be very useful to optimize and upgrade the liquid chromatographic reactors.
Water chemistry, solution resistivity, and oxygen reduction reaction in simulated primary coolant of pressurized water reactors
Authors: Zhang Lefu , Arjmand Farzin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe effect of temperature (25 °C–300 °C) on the ohmic potential drop (ΔEΩ) and resistivity (Rsol) of a simulated primary coolant of the pressurized water reactors was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic potentiometry. The variations in the conductivity and pH of the solution showed that by increasing the temperature the magnitude of the Rsol and therefore ΔEΩ of the system first decreases rapidly (until ~150 °C) and then reaches a relatively stable plateau value. Increasing the pressure of the system decreased the magnitude of the Rsol in the oxygenated coolant. Investigation of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on platinum (Pt), 316L stainless steel (SS), Alloy 690, and carbon steel revealed the great effect of water chemistry, in particular pH on the rate of the ORR on these materials. OH− adsorption on Pt reduced the rate of the ORR on this metal at temperatures higher than ~100 °C. Finally, it was found that higher H3O+ concentrations reduce the rate of the ORR on iron‐ and nickel‐based alloys, while increasing the OH− concentration at temperatures higher than ~150 °C accelerates the rate of the ORR on these alloys.
Semi‐Crystalline Polymer Blends for Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Printability: A Case Study with Poly(ethylene terephthalate) and Polypropylene
Authors: Chatham Camden A. , Zawaski Callie E. , Bobbitt Daniel C. , Moore Robert B. , Long Timothy E. , Williams Christopher B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSemi‐crystalline polymers are an important class of materials for engineering applications due to their high modulus and barrier properties. Traditional manufacturing methods process semi‐crystalline polymers via rigid molds and well‐controlled temperature and pressure environments to handle the significant change in specific volume occurring during crystallization; however, material extrusion additive manufacturing does not use these features. This often leads to warpage‐induced build failure in fused filament fabrication (FFF). To enable FFF of semi‐crystalline polymers, this work investigates characteristics of immiscible polymer blends (e.g., disparate crystallization behavior and phase separation) to mitigate warping failure during printing. A series of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene/polypropylene–graft–maleic anhydride blends are explored and the effect of thermal and morphological characteristics on printability is analyzed. It is shown that these blends can be extruded into filament and printed into a 3D structure. Extrapolations indicate that phase‐separated blends with increased total crystallization half‐time are beneficial for FFF printing.
Glutamate Ionotropic Receptor Kainate Type Subunit 3 (GRIK3) promotes epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells by regulating SPDEF/CDH1 signaling
Authors: Xiao Bin , Kuang Zhenzhan , Zhang Weiyun , Hang Jianfeng , Chen Lidan , Lei Ting , He Yongyin , Deng Chun , Li Weiwei , Lu Jingrun , Qu Jing , Zhou Quan , Hao Wenbo , Sun Zhaohui , Li Linhai 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGlutamate Ionotropic Receptor Kainate Type Subunit 3 (GRIK3) is an important excitatory neurotransmitter receptor that plays a significant role in various neurodegenerative diseases. However, the biological functions of GRIK3 in malignancies are largely unknown because of limited related studies. Here, we primarily reported that the expression of GRIK3 was higher in breast cancer tissues than in adjacent noncancerous tissues. GRIK3 expression was also positively correlated with the prognosis of patients with breast cancer. GRIK3 promoted the proliferation and migration abilities of breast cancer cells and enhanced the growth of orthotopically implanted tumors. Mechanically, GRIK3 influenced a range of signaling pathways and key signal transducers, including two epithelial‐mesenchymal transition regulators, SPDEF and CDH1. Heterogenous expression of SPDEF and CDH1 counteracted the migration and invasion abilities, respectively, of breast cancer cells induced by GRIK3. Moreover, overexpression of GRIK3 increased the expression of mesenchymal markers and decreased the expression of epithelial markers, resulting in the translocation of β‐catenin into the nucleus and the increased β‐catenin transcriptional activity. In conclusion, the present study reported a novel oncogenic role of GRIK3. Meanwhile, GRIK3, as a membrane receptor, may also serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Retinal dystrophy in an individual carrying a de novo missense variant of SMARCA4
Authors: Cappuccio Gerarda , Brunetti‐Pierri Raffaella , Torella Annalaura , Pinelli Michele , Castello Raffaele , Casari Giorgio , Nigro Vincenzo , Banfi Sandro , Simonelli Francesca ,   TUDP, Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundCoffin–Siris syndrome (CSS) is characterized by intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, growth deficiency, microcephaly, and abnormalities of the fifth fingers/toes. CSS is caused by mutations in several genes of the BRG1‐associated factor pathway including SMARCA4.MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing was performed on a 14‐year‐old female individual who presented with mild intellectual disability and dysmorphic features, tooth abnormalities, and short stature. She had brachydactyly but no aplasia or hypoplasia of the distal phalanx or nail of the fifth digit. She was also found to have retinal dystrophy that has not been previously reported in CSS.ResultsThe individual presented herein was found to harbor a previously unreported de novo variant in SMARCA4.ConclusionThis case expands the phenotypic spectrum of CSS manifestations.
Impact of calibration methods for color medical displays on interpreting brain SPECT images
Authors: Shibutani Takayuki , Onoguchi Masahisa , Yoneyama Hiroto , Nakajima Kenichi , Matsuo Shinro , Bamba Yusuke , Saito Shinji 
Published: April 2019

PurposeColor images are visualized on medical monitors that are adjusted by a grayscale standard display function (GSDF) or γ2.2. Although the GSDF is visually displayed as a linear graded grayscale, it does not specify how color medical images should be presented. On the other hand, the usual gamma setting for color images is γ2.2, but it has not been standardized. The color standard display function (CSDF) has recently been proposed as a standardized gamma setting for color medical monitors. However, the influence of various gamma settings on image characteristics should be determined. The present study aimed to identify differences in color‐scale characteristics on nuclear medicine images displayed on medical monitors adjusted by CSDF, GSDF, and γ2.2.MethodsTransverse normal (n = 1) and abnormal (n = 5) brain perfusion images were generated using a mathematical digital phantom. Transverse phantom and clinical brain images are shown using the clinically applied eight‐color scale. Five nuclear medicine experts visually assessed phantom and clinical images using a defect severity scale that ranged from zero (no defect) to four (defect). Receiver operating characteristic curves were created and areas under the curves (AUCs) were analyzed. Defect scores for the clinical study were evaluated in the nine segments on basal ganglia slice, and defect scores were summed for each patient.ResultsThe average defect score for color A significantly differed in multiple comparison tests, but not in post hoc tests. The ranges of AUC for CSDF, GSDF, and γ2.2 were 0.86–0.94, 0.82–0.94, and 0.88–0.97, respectively. The AUCs of CSDF in all color scales did not significantly differ from other gamma settings. The summed defect scores of CSDF were similar to those of other gamma settings.ConclusionNuclear medicine images were equally valid when adjusted by CSDF even at various gamma settings. Nuclear medicine images can be evaluated equally using any gamma setting. Nonetheless, the color gamma setting for medical monitors should be standardized.