bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using equivalence‐based instruction to teach the visual analysis of graphs
Authors: Blair Bryan J. , Tarbox Jonathan , Albright Leif , MacDonald Jacquelyn M. , Shawler Lesley A. , Russo Samantha R. , Dorsey Michael F. 
Published: May 2019

Previous research has demonstrated low rater agreement when visually inspecting trends in single‐subject design graphs (see Wolfe, Seaman, & Drasgow, 2016). Didactic instruction of visual analysis of practicing behavior analysts has resulted in generally poor and unreliable performances (Danov & Symons, 2008; Diller, Barry, & Gelino, 2016). Therefore, a refined instructional technology to improve the reliability among behavior analysts is warranted. Developing research has focused on the application of equivalence‐based instruction (Brodsky & Fienup, 2018; Rehfeldt, 2011) for a variety of complex human behaviors. In the current study, equivalence‐based instruction was used to train four participants to identify functional relations displayed in five different classes of graphs. Training resulted in the formation of five equivalence classes by all participants consisting of three members (graph, functional relation rule, and functional relation statement). In addition, the skills were maintained for up to 2 weeks and generalized to novel graphs.
In silico strategies to couple production of bioethanol with growth in cyanobacteria
Authors: Lasry Testa Romina , Delpino Claudio , Estrada Vanina , Diaz Soledad M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCyanobacteria have been considered as promising candidates for sustainable bioproduction from inexpensive raw materials, as they grow on light, carbon dioxide, and minimal inorganic nutrients. In this study, we present a genome‐scale metabolic network model for Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 and study the optimal design of the strain for ethanol production by using a mixed integer linear problem reformulation of a bilevel programming problem that identifies gene knockouts which lead to coupling between growth and product synthesis. Five mutants were found, where the in silico model predicts coupling between biomass growth and ethanol production in photoautotrophic conditions. The best mutant gives an in silico ethanol production of 1.054 mmol·gDW
−1·h
−1.
Bioanalytical method to detect midazolam in plasma
Authors: Dalla Costa Bádila Regina , Anzolin Ana Paula , Rossato‐Grando Luciana Grazziotin , Bertol Charise Dallazem 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMidazolam (MDZ) is the first choice in palliative sedation, and commonly used in sleep induction in anesthesia, with rapid onset of action. However, monitoring of the level of sedation in patients is not accurate. We developed and validated a bioanalytical method to detect MDZ in plasma using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a photodiode array detector (PDA) for future monitoring of sedation. MDZ was extracted by solid‐phase extraction (SPE). Analyses were performed on a C18 column, using 0.05% triethylamine and acetonitrile as mobile phase, analyzing at 220 nm. Recovery was evaluated by comparing extracted and nonextracted solutions. Precision, accuracy, linearity, limits of detection (LD) and quantification (LQ), specificity and selectivity were determined. The mean recovery obtained by SPE was 101.03%. The method was linear in the range 1.0–50.0 μg/mL. The LD and LQ were, respectively, 0.43 and 1.43 μg/mL. The specificity of the MDZ peak was adequate. The method was able to detect MDZ among other drugs. Plasma anticoagulants showed no interference with the drug detection. The bioanalytical method using HPLC–PDA and SPE was successfully validated and showed linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity and high sensitivity for detection of MDZ in human plasma.
SB203580, a p38MAPK inhibitor, attenuates olfactory dysfunction by inhibiting OSN apoptosis in AR mice (activation and involvement of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase in olfactory sensory neuronal apoptosis of OVA‐induced allergic rhinitis)
Authors: Gao Xian , Li Na , Zhang Jisheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling pathway on olfactory mucosa function and apoptosis of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in an allergic rhinitis (AR) mouse model.MethodFifty‐five BALB/c mice were used to establish AR models by ovalbumin, and their olfactory function was confirmed by the buried food pellet test. Then, 28 mice with hyposmia were selected. SB203580, a p38MAPK inhibitor, and normal saline (NS) were injected into mice with olfactory defects. The olfactory function, apoptosis of OSNs in olfactory mucosa, and the expression of the olfaction marker protein (OMP), p38MAPK, and p‐p38MAPK were detected after the intervention.ResultSB203580 treatment significantly upregulated OMP expression and significantly improved the olfactory function of AR mice by reducing the percentage of apoptotic OSNs. In addition, SB203580 attenuated the activation of the p38MAPK signaling pathway.ConclusionSB203580 protected olfactory function in an AR mouse model. This protective effect may be associated with the antiapoptotic effects of SB203580 via the p38MAPK signaling pathway.
Genetic variants in a long noncoding RNA related to Sunitinib Resistance predict risk and survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Xing Qianwei , Li Ran , Xu Aiming , Qin Zhiqiang , Tang Jinyuan , Zhang Lei , Tang Min , Han Peng , Wang Wei , Qin Chao , Du Mulong , Zhang Wei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveLncARSR (lncRNA Activated in RCC with Sunitinib Resistance, ENST00000424980) is a newly identified lncRNA to promote the sunitinib resistance of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which may contribute to tumorigenesis and progression. This study aimed to explore the association of lncARSR tagSNPs with the risk and prognosis of RCC.MethodsIn this study, a 2‐stage case‐control study was performed to evaluate the association between 2 tagging SNPs (rs1417080 and rs7859384) and RCC susceptibility. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained by unconditional logistic regression analyses. Different survival time was estimated by the Kaplan‐Meier method and compared by the Log‐rank test. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% CIs were calculated to determine predictive factors by Cox proportion hazards model.ResultsWhen combing discovery and validation sets together, rs7859384 was determined to be significantly associated with the decreased RCC risk with all P < 0.05 in 4 models (co‐dominant model, additive model, dominant model and recessive model). stratified analyses showed prominent risk effect of SNP rs7859384 GA/GG genotypes was found in clinical subgroups of stage I and stage II (P = 0.009, OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64‐0.94) and individuals with clear cell RCC (P = 0.014, OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.65‐0.95). A protective effect of SNP rs7859384 GA/GG genotypes was observed among individuals with BMI > 24 (P = 0.025, OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56‐0.96), without hypertension (P = 0.037, OR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63‐0.99), without family history of cancer (P = 0.048, OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.68‐1.00). Survival analyses revealed individuals with GA/GG genotypes had higher survival rate compared with the corresponding AA wild genotypes in the dominant model (log‐rank P = 0.005, adjusted HR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.16‐0.73).ConclusionThis study suggests that rs7859384 of lncARSR was associated with RCC susceptibility and may act as a prognostic biomarker for patients with RCC.
Hierarchical planning‐based crowd formation
Authors: Liu Na , Wang Xingce , Liu Shaolong , Wu Zhongke , He Jiale , Cheng Peng , Miao Chunyan , Magnenat Thalmann Nadia 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTeam formation with realistic crowd simulation behavior is a challenge in computer graphics, multiagent control, and social simulation. In this study, we propose a framework of crowd formation via hierarchical planning, which includes cooperative‐task, coordinated‐behavior, and action‐control planning. In cooperative‐task planning, we improve the grid potential field to achieve global path planning for a team. In coordinated‐behavior planning, we propose a time–space table to arrange behavior scheduling for a movement. In action‐control planning, we combine the gaze‐movement angle model and fuzzy logic control to achieve agent action. Our method has several advantages. (1) The hierarchical architecture is guaranteed to match the human decision process from high to low intelligence. (2) The agent plans his behavior only with the local information of his neighbor; the global intelligence of the group emerges from these local interactions. (3) The time–space table fully utilizes three‐dimensional information. Our method is verified using crowds of various densities, from sparse to dense, employing quantitative performance measures. The approach is independent of the simulation model and can be extended to other crowd simulation tasks.
Transcatheter aortic valve‐in‐valve implantation for failed surgical bioprosthetic valves. A minimalist approach without contrast aortography or echocardiographic guidance
Authors: Attinger‐Toller Adrian , Htun Nay M. , Murdoch Dale , Perlman Gidon Y. , Alenezi Abdullah , Sathananthan Janarthanan , Blanke Philipp , Leipsic Jonathon , Thompson Christopher , Ye Jian , Cheung Anson , Wood David , Webb John G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo demonstrate safety, feasibility and short‐term clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve‐in‐valve (ViV) implantation under local anesthesia without contrast aortography or echocardiographic guidance.BackgroundTranscatheter ViV implantation is an emerging treatment modality for patients with degenerative surgical bioprostheses. Given the radiopaque properties of the surgical aortic valve (SAV) frame, ViV procedures can often be performed with fluoroscopic guidance alone.MethodsViV implantation was performed in 37 patients with SAV failure under local anesthesia without contrast aortography. Clinical and echocardiographic data were obtained at baseline, discharge, and 30 days.ResultsMean age was 74 ± 10 years and STS predicted risk of mortality was 5.6 ± 2.4%. Mean transaortic gradient decreased from 39.4 ± 15.5 mmHg to 13 ± 6.3 mmHg at discharge (p < .001), and 20 ± 7.5 mmHg at 30 days (p < .001 compared to baseline), aortic valve area increased from 0.9 ± 0.3 cm2 to 1.2 ± 0.4 cm2 at 30 days (p = .007). No patient had more than mild aortic regurgitation. Hospital discharge occurred at a median of 2.6 ± 4.4 days. At 30‐day follow‐up there were no deaths, myocardial infarctions, strokes, repeat hospital admissions for heart failure, or renal failure. One patient (2.7%) required a new pacemaker. 93% of the patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I or II.ConclusionsTranscatheter aortic ViV implantation for selected patients with degenerative surgical bioprostheses under local anesthesia without aortography or echocardiographic guidance is feasible and safe.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection and its association with takotsubo syndrome: Novel insights from a tertiary center registry
Authors: Duran Jessica M. , Naderi Sahar , Vidula Mahesh , Michalak Nathan , Chi Gerald , Lindsay Mark , Ghoshhajra Brian , Gibson C. Michael , Wood Malissa J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a relatively rare cause of acute coronary syndrome historically thought to primarily affect young, healthy women. The lack of multicenter collaborative research efforts has made it challenging to identify the precise etiology and pathological mechanisms underlying SCAD. However, there are many similarities in the patient demographics, clinical presentations, and predisposing stressors between SCAD and takotsubo syndrome (TTS).ObjectivesThe aim of this observational study was to examine the coronary and left ventriculographic features of patients with angiographically confirmed SCAD and determine the prevalence of concomitant TTS.MethodsIn this observational study, patients with angiographically confirmed SCAD were identified from the Massachusetts General Hospital SCAD registry. The coronary angiograms with simultaneous left ventriculograms (LVG) were carefully analyzed by an independent and blinded angiographic core laboratory.ResultsFrom our analysis of patients with SCAD who also underwent a LVG at time of coronary angiography, we identified a high prevalence of SCAD and concomitant TTS.ConclusionsTherefore, we present TTS as a plausible mechanistic etiology for SCAD in some patients. In light of this finding as well as the many similarities between SCAD and TTS, clinicians should be vigilant about the potential concomitant presence of these two entities. Additional future investigations further exploring the clinical implications of the association between SCAD and TTS are warranted.
Effect of the Pt Precursor and Loading on the Structural Parameters and Catalytic Properties of Pt/Al2O3
Authors: Borges Lais R. , Lopez‐Castillo Alejandro , Meira Debora M. , Gallo Jean Marcel R. , Zanchet Daniela , Bueno José Maria C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe effects of promoters and additives on the electronic properties and structural properties of Pt catalysts still need to be understood. The present work investigates the effects of the Pt loading and the use of chloride additive on the structural properties of Pt/Al2O3 and its catalytic activity towards the WGS reaction. The presence of Cl affected the morphology and oxygen coverage of the Pt nanoparticles. However, these parameters did not affect the surface electronic properties, due to a compensation effect between the size of the Pt0 core and oxygen coordinated on the shell (NPt‐O). Despite the structural differences, the catalytic activity for the WGS reaction was similar for the chloride‐free sample and the catalyst containing chloride. The effect of the Pt loading was also studied, with the “apparent” catalytic activity per site of Pt (TOF) decreasing with increasing metal loading. Increasing the Pt loading led to an increase of the low‐coordination Pt0 sites at the surface of the NPs, resulting in stronger Pt‐CO integration and consequent poisoning of the active sites.
Rh Doping in Pd Nanocubes Optimizes the Adsorption of 3‐Nitrostyrene towards Selective Hydrogenation of Vinyl Group
Authors: Wu Wenlong , Zhao Songtao , Cui Yi Eason , Chen Wenze , Liu Yulin , Wang Haoyuan , Li Jiawei , Li Zhenyu , Zeng Jie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractFor selective hydrogenation, the improvement in selectivity is often accompanied with the sacrifice of activity. Herein, we achieved the optimization of both activity and selectivity towards selective hydrogenation reaction of 3‐nitrostyrene over Rh‐doped Pd nanocubes. Specially, the Rh‐doped Pd nanocubes with 6 atm % of Rh (denoted as Pd94Rh6) achieved a remarkable high selectivity (99.5 %) for product 3‐ethylnitrobenzene with almost 100 % conversion. Mechanistic studies revealed that the introduction of Rh dopant into Pd nanocubes strengthened the adsorption of 3‐nitrostyrene relative Pd nanocubes, accounting for the enhanced activity. Moreover, the ensemble composed of Rh dopant and nearby Pd atoms in Rh‐doped Pd nanocubes induced the unique adsorption configuration of 3‐nitroethylbenzene that inhibited the hydrogenation of NO2, responsible for the high C=C selectivity.
The Origin of Metal Loading Heterogeneities in Pt/Zeolite Y Bifunctional Catalysts
Authors: van der Wal Lars I. , de Jong Krijn P. , Zečević Jovana 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPreparing catalysts with highly dispersed metal nanoparticles and narrow particle size distribution has been in the focus of numerous studies. Besides size and size distribution, the location of metal nanoparticles within and local metal loading of the support can have significant impact on catalytic performance. This study revealed that great variations in Pt loading between individual Pt/zeolite Y crystals occurred irrespective of the metal deposition method, namely ion‐exchange (IE) or incipient wetness impregnation (IWI). The variation in Pt loading was found to be directly related to different Si/Al ratios of individual zeolite crystals. Results indicate that this Si/Al variation was likely induced by post‐synthesis treatments, commonly performed to introduce mesoporosity. In view of the great importance of zeolite‐based catalysts for oil refining, understanding the origin of such metal loading heterogeneities may lead to further improvement of zeolite‐based catalytic performance.
Organic Additives to Improve Catalyst Performance for High‐Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Delikaya Öznur , Zeyat Mohammad , Lentz Dieter , Roth Christina 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHigh‐temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells are promising alternatives to low temperature fuel cells, owing to their higher operating temperatures, which allow for easier water management and enhanced catalytic activity. However, their performance suffers from low oxygen solubility in the electrolyte and phosphoric acid poisoning of catalytically active Pt sites. In this work, we developed new organic additives that provide π‐π stacking of the commercially applied carbon support materials as well as variable substitutable functionalities to interact with the Pt nanoparticles. Different electrochemical methods, such as cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry, were performed to test the effect of these organic additives on the onset potential, limiting current, and the number of transferred electrons. It is observed that the limiting currents increase for the additive‐modified Pt/C samples, whereas the onset potential for significant oxygen reduction reaction activity remains unchanged. We conclude that enhanced oxygen solubility at the electrode/electrolyte interface is the reason for the observed behavior.
Role of Ultrathin Carbon Shell in Enhancing the Performance of PtZn Intermetallic Nanoparticles as an Anode Electrocatalyst for Direct Formic Acid Fuel Cells
Authors: Xu Min , Zhao Yufei , Chen Hong , Ni Wei , Liu Mingquan , Huo Silu , Wu Linlin , Zang Xiaogang , Yang Zhiyu , Yan Yi‐Ming 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroducing a carbon shell to Pt‐based intermetallic nanoparticles (iNPs) is an effective approach to prepare structurally ordered electrocatalysts for fuel cell applications. However, it remains a huge challenge to synthesize small‐sized Pt‐based iNPs with a concisely controlled carbon shell based on fully understanding the role of the carbon shell in the electrocatalytic performance. Herein, we report the preparation of ultrathin carbon shell (UCS)‐coated, small‐sized PtZn iNPs, which are obtained by using the simple heat treatment of polypyrrole‐coated PtZn/C (PPy−PtZn/C), which can produce a carbon shell in situ and simultaneously transfer a disordered PtZn alloy into ordered intermetallic PtZn. Interestingly, the thickness of the carbon shell can be well‐controlled by tuning the polymerization time of pyrrole (Py). The obtained PtZn iNPs (an average diameter of ca. 4 nm) coated with UCS (ca. 0.5 nm thickness) shows the best electrocatalytic performance toward the formic acid oxidation reaction. Moreover, the UCS−PtZn iNPs offers remarkable long‐term stability as an anode electrocatalyst in a constructed direct formic acid fuel cell. The results demonstrate that the UCS formed in situ only acts as a physicochemical protecting shell with high permeability for the reactants, but it does not block the catalytic reaction sites of iNPs.
Stepping towards Solar Water Splitting: Recent Progress in Bismuth Vanadate Photoanodes
Authors: Luan Peng , Zhang Jie 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a rational and effective way that imitates natural photosynthesis for direct conversion of solar energy into clean hydrogen fuels. Developing highly efficient photoanodes to enhance the kinetics of the rate‐determining oxygen evolution reaction is generally regarded as the key to achieve artificial photosynthesis. Recently, bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) has emerged as a promising photoanode material for PEC applications. In this Review, recent progress in designing BiVO4‐based photoanodes is presented and summarized, including morphological control, heteroatom/defect doping, hetero‐/homo‐junction fabrication and co‐catalyst deposition. In addition, typical unbiased tandem devices of photoanode/photocathode and photovoltaic/photoanode systems using BiVO4 as the front‐absorber photoanodes are reviewed. Finally, a future outlook is provided to highlight the issues to be addressed for commercial applications of PEC devices for solar water splitting.
The Mechanism of Copper‐Catalyzed Trifunctionalization of Terminal Allenes
Authors: Kim Hong Ki , Mane Manoj V. , Montgomery John , Baik Mu‐Hyun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA highly selective copper‐catalyzed trifunctionalization of allenes has been established based on diborylation/cyanation with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) and N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (NCTS). The Cu‐catalyzed trifunctionalization of terminal allenes is composed of three catalytic reactions (first borocupration, electrophilic cyanation, and second borocupration) that provide a densely functionalized product with regio‐, chemo‐ and diastereoselectivity. Allene substrates have multiple reaction‐sites, and the selectivities are determined by the suitable interactions (e.g., electronic and steric demands) between the catalyst and substrates. We employed DFT calculations to understand the cascade copper‐catalyzed trifunctionalization of terminal allenes, providing densely‐functionalized organic molecules with outstanding regio‐, chemo‐ and diastereoselectivity in high yields. The selectivity challenges presented by cumulated π‐systems are addressed by systematic computational studies; these give insight to the catalytic multiple‐functionalization strategies and explain the high selectivities that we see for these reactions.
Polymer Binders Constructed through Dynamic Noncovalent Bonds for High‐Capacity Silicon‐Based Anodes
Authors: Pan Yiyang , Gao Shilun , Sun Feiyuan , Yang Huabin , Cao Peng‐Fei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSilicon (Si) is a promising candidate for high‐capacity anode materials owing to its high theoretical capacity (3579 mAh g−1), low working voltage, and wide natural abundance, although its huge volume variation during charge/discharge processes always results in a short cycling life. Polymer binders play a vital role in improving the cycling performance of Si‐based anodes, although traditional polyvinylidene difluoride cannot fulfil the requirements owing to its weak van der Waals forces with the Si surface. Recently, polymer binders constructed by dynamic bonds have been developed, which are reported to allow high‐energy‐density electrodes with improved electrochemical performance. With dynamic bonds including hydrogen bonding, ionic bonding, and host–guest interactions, these polymer binders possess self‐healing capabilities and enhanced mechanical performance, achieving a tremendous advance in addressing the capacity fading of Si‐based anodes. In this review, we will summarize the research progress of polymer binders constructed with dynamic bonds, and the challenges for their real applications in advanced Li‐ion batteries will also be discussed.
Hydrodynamik in Blasensäulen – Messung von relativem Gasgehalt und Blasengröße
Authors: Mörs Friedemann , Ortloff Felix , Graf Frank , Kolb Thomas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDie Kinetik des Stoffübergangs in Blasensäulenreaktoren ist von lokalen, hydrodynamischen Vorgängen (Blasenbildung, ‐aufstieg, ‐koaleszenz, ‐zerfall etc.) geprägt. Um die Einflüsse der Systemgrößen Druck und Feststoffbeladung auf diese Vorgänge besser zu verstehen, ist die Messung der lokalen Blasengröße in opaken Blasenströmungen notwendig. In dieser Arbeit wurde hierzu eine optische Nadelsonde in einer Blasenströmung angewendet. Die Nadelsonde wurde zunächst an Einzelblasen validiert und zeigt vielversprechendes Potenzial, um in Zukunft auf komplexere, opake Stoffsysteme übertragen werden zu können.