bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing unwarranted clinical variation: A rapid review of current evidence
Authors: Harrison Reema , Manias Elizabeth , Mears Stephen , Heslop David , Hinchcliff Reece , Hay Liz 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroductionUnwarranted clinical variation (UCV) can be described as variation that can only be explained by differences in health system performance. There is a lack of clarity regarding how to define and identify UCV and, once identified, to determine whether it is sufficiently problematic to warrant action. As such, the implementation of systemic approaches to reducing UCV is challenging. A review of approaches to understand, identify, and address UCV was undertaken to determine how conceptual and theoretical frameworks currently attempt to define UCV, the approaches used to identify UCV, and the evidence of their effectiveness.DesignRapid evidence assessment (REA) methodology was used.Data sourcesA range of text words, synonyms, and subject headings were developed for the major concepts of unwarranted clinical variation, standards (and deviation from these standards), and health care environment. Two electronic databases (Medline and Pubmed) were searched from January 2006 to April 2017, in addition to hand searching of relevant journals, reference lists, and grey literature.Data synthesisResults were merged using reference‐management software (Endnote) and duplicates removed. Inclusion criteria were independently applied to potentially relevant articles by 3 reviewers. Findings were presented in a narrative synthesis to highlight key concepts addressed in the published literature.ResultsA total of 48 relevant publications were included in the review; 21 articles were identified as eligible from the database search, 4 from hand searching published work and 23 from the grey literature. The search process highlighted the voluminous literature reporting clinical variation internationally; yet, there is a dearth of evidence regarding systematic approaches to identifying or addressing UCV.ConclusionWennberg's classification framework is commonly cited in relation to classifying variation, but no single approach is agreed upon to systematically explore and address UCV. The instances of UCV that warrant investigation and action are largely determined at a systems level currently, and stakeholder engagement in this process is limited. Lack of consensus on an evidence‐based definition for UCV remains a substantial barrier to progress in this field.
Adenoma of colorectal laterally spreading tumor nongranular type with biological phenotypic features similar to cancer
Authors: Nagai Kengo , Hayashi Yoshito , Honma Keiichiro , Sakatani Akihiko , Yoshii Shunsuke , Fujinaga Tetsuji , Maekawa Akira , Tsujii Yoshiki , Hiyama Satoshi , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Watabe Kenji , Iijima Hideki , Tsujii Masahiko , Mizushima Tsunekazu , Morii Eiichi , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) are morphologically subdivided into granular (LST‐G) and nongranular (LST‐NG) categories. We aimed to elucidate the differences in oncogenic characteristics between the two types.MethodsLaterally spreading tumors resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection and surgery from March 2009 to May 2017 were examined for p53 positivity, Ki‐67 labeling index (LI), microvessel density, degree of fibrosis, intensities of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine (NT), and expression of acid mucins. We compared these factors between adenomas, noninvasive cancers, and invasive cancers, both LST‐G and LST‐NG.ResultsNinety‐three LST‐G (53 adenomas [LST‐GA] and 40 cancers [LST‐GC]) and 55 LST‐NG (24 adenomas [LST‐NGA] and 31 cancers [LST‐NGC]) were evaluated. Although p53 positivity was lower in LST‐GA than in LST‐NGA (P < 0.001), there was no difference between LST‐GC and LST‐NGC. Ki‐67 LI was higher in LST‐NGA than in LST‐GA (P < 0.001) and higher in LST‐NGC than in LST‐GC of noninvasive cancers (P < 0.001). Microvessel density and degree of fibrosis were higher in LST‐NGA than in LST‐GA (P < 0.001), and intensities of iNOS and NT were also higher in LST‐NGA than in LST‐GA (P < 0.001). Expression of acid mucins was lower in LST‐NGA than in LST‐GA (P < 0.001). Although there were significant differences in p53 positivity, Ki‐67 LI, microvessel density, degree of fibrosis, intensities of iNOS and NT, and expression of acid mucins between LST‐GA and LST‐NGA, these factors were only slightly different between LST‐GC and LST‐NGC of invasive cancers.ConclusionsUnlike LST‐GA, LST‐NGA possessed phenotypic features similar to cancer.
Impact of gastrointestinal disease states on oral drug absorption – implications for formulation design – a PEARRL review
Authors: Effinger Angela , O'Driscoll Caitriona M , McAllister Mark , Fotaki Nikoletta 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Drug product performance in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) diseases can be altered compared to healthy subjects due to pathophysiological changes. In this review, relevant differences in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome and short bowel syndrome are discussed and possible in vitro and in silico tools to predict drug product performance in this patient population are assessed.

Key findings
Drug product performance was altered in patients with GI diseases compared to healthy subjects, as assessed in a limited number of studies for some drugs. Underlying causes can be observed pathophysiological alterations such as the differences in GI transit time, the composition of the GI fluids and GI permeability. Additionally, alterations in the abundance of metabolising enzymes and transporter systems were observed. The effect of the GI diseases on each parameter is not always evident as it may depend on the location and the state of the disease. The impact of the pathophysiological change on drug bioavailability depends on the physicochemical characteristics of the drug, the pharmaceutical formulation and drug metabolism. In vitro and in silico methods to predict drug product performance in patients with GI diseases are currently limited but could be a useful tool to improve drug therapy.

Summary
Development of suitable in vitro dissolution and in silico models for patients with GI diseases can improve their drug therapy. The likeliness of the models to provide accurate predictions depends on the knowledge of pathophysiological alterations, and thus, further assessment of physiological differences is essential.
Prevalence and predictive factors of moderate/severe liver steatosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infected patients evaluated with controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)
Authors: Cardoso A. C. , Perez R. M. , de Figueiredo‐Mendes C. , Carvalho Leite N. , Moraes‐Coelho H. S. , Villela‐Nogueira C. A. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryA novel controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using FibroScan® has been developed for assessment of liver steatosis. The aim was to evaluate the frequency and associated factors for moderate/severe steatosis evaluated by CAP in CHC patients submitted to transient elastography (TE) by FibroScan®. CHC patients underwent TE with CAP evaluation. The classification of steatosis was defined as: CAP < 222 dB/m = S0; CAP ≥ 222 dB/m and <233dB/m = S1; ≥233 dB/m < 290dB/m = S2 and >= 290 dB/m = S3. The prevalence of moderate/severe steatosis (CAP ≥ S2) and the related independent factors were identified by a logistic regression analysis. A significance level of 5% was adopted. 1104 CHC patients, 85% genotype‐1 were included (mean age 55 ± 11 years; 46% male, mean BMI 25 ± 4 Kg/m2). Systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalences were 39% and 17%, respectively. Liver stiffness measurement ≥ 9.5 kPa was observed in 39% of patients and steatosis was identified in 50% (S1 = 7%, S2 = 28% and S3 = 15%). The variables independently associated with moderate/severe steatosis were: male gender (OR=1.35; P = .037; 95% CI:1.01‐1.81); systemic arterial hypertension (OR=1.57; P = .002; 95% CI:1.17‐2.10) and BMI (OR=1.17; P < .01;95% CI:1.12‐1.22). In conclusion, when CAP was adopted as a tool to detect steatosis, genotype 1 CHC patients presented a high prevalence of moderate/advanced steatosis. In these patients, liver steatosis was associated mostly to metabolic factors (arterial hypertension and high BMI).
Acceleration and deceleration at constant speed: systematic modulation of motion perception by kinematic sonification
Authors: Effenberg Alfred O. , Schmitz Gerd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany domains of human behavior are based on multisensory representations. Knowledge about the principles of multisensory integration is useful to configure real‐time movement information for the online support of perceptuomotor processes (motor perception, control, and learning). A powerful method for generating real‐time information is movement sonification. Remarkable evidence exists on movement‐acoustic real‐time information being effective in behavioral domains (music training, motor rehabilitation, sports). Here, we investigate whether and how biological motion perception can be enhanced, substituted, or modulated by kinematic sonification, with a focus on pitch coding. We work with gross motor cyclic movements and investigate the effectiveness of pitch scaling and consistent transposition on audiovisual motor perception accuracy (Experiment A). Beyond that, a new kind of audiovisual stimulus with inconsistent pitch transposition is used to produce a directed modulation of the integrated audiovisual percept (Experiment B). Results from Experiment A indicate pitch being powerful for mediating kinematic information to enhance motor perception and substituting information between perceptual modalities, even exceeding visual performance. Beyond these findings, results from Experiment B indicate that visual estimations of movement velocity can be enhanced or reduced auditorily. Movement sonification used for reshaping intermodal adjustments should be a powerful new tool for subconsciously shaping human movement patterns in the future.
Results of pneumatic dilation in treating achalasia: predictive factors
Authors: Felix Valter Nilton 
Published: May 2018

AbstractForced pneumatic dilatation (PD) of the cardia is one of the most consecrated therapeutic measures for esophageal achalasia. The procedure only achieved better standardization with the appearance of the Rigiflex balloon. Results and predictive factors of success and failure of PD are reviewed, right after the description of the main technical aspects of the procedure. The success rates, providing control of dysphagia for about 1 year from the procedure using the Rigiflex balloon, are quite satisfactory, with success in more than 75% of patients. It is generally observed that good responses sustained for more than 5 years appear in at least 40% of cases. However, approximately half of the patients submitted to PD require additional dilation and a subgroup of them will undergo surgical treatment to attain adequate control of dysphagia. PD is a method with a low rate of acute complications, with esophageal perforation, the most severe of them, not affecting more than 5% of the cases. The best results could be potentially obtained when predictive factors of success were considered before choosing PD as a therapeutic option, but prospective studies in this field are missing until now.
Evaluation of complex community‐based childhood obesity prevention interventions
Authors: Karacabeyli D. , Allender S. , Pinkney S. , Amed S. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryBackgroundMulti‐setting, multi‐component community‐based interventions have shown promise in preventing childhood obesity; however, evaluation of these complex interventions remains a challenge.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to systematically review published methodological approaches to outcome evaluation for multi‐setting community‐based childhood obesity prevention interventions and synthesize a set of pragmatic recommendations.MethodsMEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO were searched from inception to 6 July 2017. Papers were included if the intervention targeted children ≤18 years, engaged at least two community sectors and described their outcome evaluation methodology. A single reviewer conducted title and abstract scans, full article review and data abstraction. Directed content analysis was performed by three reviewers to identify prevailing themes.ResultsThirty‐three studies were included, and of these, 26 employed a quasi‐experimental design; the remaining were randomized control trials. Body mass index was the most commonly measured outcome, followed by health behaviour change and psychosocial outcomes. Six themes emerged, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of active vs. passive consent, quasi‐experimental vs. randomized control trials, longitudinal vs. repeat cross‐sectional designs and the roles of process evaluation and methodological flexibility in evaluating complex interventions.ConclusionsSelection of study designs and outcome measures compatible with community infrastructure, accompanied by process evaluation, may facilitate successful outcome evaluation.
Ribes nigrum L. Prevents UVB‐mediated Photoaging in Human Dermal Fibroblasts: Potential Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activity
Authors: Li Lu , Hwang Eunson , Ngo Hien T. T. , Seo Seul A. , Lin Pei , Gao Wei , Liu Ying , Yi Tae‐Hoo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBlack currants (Ribes nigrum L, RN) are known as a “super fruit” to possess for their many potential health benefits such as the alleviation of oxidative stress‐related disorders. However, little skin photoaging‐related research has been done on the use of this agent. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of RN in UVB‐irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). RN treatment in UVB‐irradiated skin models alleviated UVB‐mediated photoaging through several mechanisms: Treatment with RN downregulated MAPK‐related signaling models, such as those of activation protein 1 (AP‐1) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB). In addition, phase II gene heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) was modulated by the increase in nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the nuclear, and finally, transforming growth factor TGF‐β was upregulated in vitro. Further study indicated that UVB‐induced production of MMP‐1 and IL‐6 could be inhibited by PD 98059 (an inhibitor of ERK) and SP600125 (an inhibitor of JNK). Thus, RN improved the expression of type I procollagen and inhibited UVB‐induced MMP‐1 and IL‐6 secretion through inactivating MAPK cascades. Therefore, RN is a suitable target for further investigation as an antiphotoaging agent and may have applications in the skincare industry.
Genoprotective Effect of Phyllanthus orbicularis Extract Against UVA, UVB, and Solar Radiation
Authors: Tamayo Marioly Vernhes , Schuch André Passaglia , Yagura Teiti , Gil Luis Baly , Menck Carlos Frederico Martins , Sánchez‐Lamar Angel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOne approach to protect the human skin against harmful effects of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation was to use natural products as photoprotectors. In this work, the extract from specie Phyllanthus orbicularis K was evaluated as a protective agent against the photodamage by UVB, UVA artificial lamps, and environmental sunlight exposure. The plasmid DNA solutions were exposed to radiations using the DNA dosimeter system in the presence of plant extract. The DNA repair enzymes, Escherichia coli Formamidopyrimidine‐DNA glycosylase (Fpg) and T4 bacteriophage endonuclease V (T4‐endo V), were employed to discriminate oxidized DNA damage and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), respectively. The supercoiled and relaxed forms of DNA were separated through electrophoretic migration in agarose gels. These DNA forms were quantified to determine strand break, representing the types of lesion levels. The results showed that, in the presence of P. orbicularis extract, the CPD and oxidative damage were reduced in irradiated DNA samples. The photoprotective effect of extract was more evident for UVB and sunlight radiation than for UVA. This work documented the UV absorbing properties of P. orbicularis aqueous extract and opened up new vistas in its characterization as protective agent against DNA damage induced by environmental sunlight radiation.
High species richness and genetic diversity of the genus Caloglossa (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Kamiya Mitsunobu , West John A. , Zuccarello Giuseppe C. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTDistribution patterns and genetic diversity of Caloglossa species have been studied in various regions but are still poorly understood around the tropical western Pacific where many marine organisms show high species richness. We explored the diversity of Caloglossa species in New Ireland, Papua New Guinea using morphological and genetic analyses. Seven species of Caloglossa (C. adhaerens, C. leprieurii, C. ogasawaraensis, C. bengalensis, C. postiae, C. saigonensis and C. vieillardii) were collected from eight sites; the latter four species are new records in Papua New Guinea. All specimens collected were cultured to compare their morphology under the same culture condition. Reproductive structures of gametophytes and/or sporophytes were described for the first time in some species from these collections. In C. leprieurii, gall‐like structure appeared in most gametophyte strains but not in tetrasporophytes. Such galls were produced from wing cells, and spermatangia and/or procarps were formed on many galls. The LSU rDNA and rbcL analyses revealed high intraspecific diversity in many species although the number of samples was limited and the sampling sites were within 200 km. We revealed high species richness and intraspecific genetic variation in Papua New Guinea, suggesting a hot spot for the diversity of Caloglossa.
Duodenoduodenostomy for obstruction of the sigmoid flexure of the duodenum in cattle
Authors: Hackett Eileen S. , Lang Hayley M. , Desrochers Andre , Nichols Sylvain , Fubini Susan Lawson 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe clinical findings, surgical treatment, and outcome associated with duodenoduodenostomy for treatment of duodenal obstruction secondary to adhesions associated with the sigmoid flexure of the duodenum.Study designRetrospective study (1996‐2016).AnimalsFourteen Holstein cattle.MethodsMedical records of cows treated at 3 academic surgical referral centers with duodenoduodenostomy for duodenal obstruction secondary to adhesions associated with the sigmoid flexure of the duodenum were reviewed. Data that were collected included signalment, physical examination results, laboratory results, diagnostic findings, treatments, and survival to discharge. Owners were contacted for follow‐up information.ResultsAffected cattle ranged in age from 4 months to 5 years. Electrolyte abnormalities, including severe hypochloremia, were present in all cases. Abnormalities included cranial duodenal distension without concurrent distension of the descending duodenum and palpable focal adhesions in the region of the sigmoid flexure of the duodenum. Duodenoduodenostomy involved a stapled (n = 11) or sutured (n = 3) side‐to‐side anastomosis between the cranial duodenum and descending duodenum. Thirteen of 14 cattle that were treated with duodenoduodenostomy survived to hospital discharge. Long‐term follow‐up was available in 8 cows, and 7 of those 8 survived for at least 1 year.ConclusionShort‐ and long‐term survival were favorable after duodenoduodenostomy in cattle with adhesions associated with the sigmoid flexure of the duodenum.Clinical significanceDuodenoduodenostomy results in acceptable survival and future productivity in cows with obstruction at the sigmoid flexure of the duodenum.
Sodium nitroglycerin induces middle cerebral artery vasodilatation in young, healthy adults
Authors: Schulz Jenna M. , Al‐Khazraji Baraa K. , Shoemaker J. Kevin 
Published: May 2018

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Nitric oxide causes dilatation in peripheral vessels; however, whether nitric oxide affects basal cerebral artery dilatation has not been explored.

What is the main finding and its importance?
This study demonstrated that vasodilatation occurs in the right middle cerebral artery in response to exogenous nitric oxide. However, blood velocity decreased and, therefore, overall cerebral blood flow remained unchanged. This study provides new insight into the role of nitric oxide in cerebral blood flow control.

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that basal cerebral conduit vessels dilate with hypercapnia, with a nitric oxide (NO) mechanism explaining one way in which parenchymal cerebral arterioles dilate. However, whether NO affects basal cerebral artery dilatation remains unknown. This study quantified the effect of an exogenous NO donor [sodium nitroglycerin (NTG); 0.4 mg sublingual spray] on the right middle cerebral artery (rMCA) cross‐sectional area (CSA), blood velocity and overall blood flow. Measures of vessel CSA (7 T magnetic resonance imaging) and MCA blood velocity (transcranial Doppler ultrasound) were made at baseline (BL) and after exogenous NTG or placebo (PLO) administration in young, healthy individuals (n = 10, two males, age range 20–23 years). The CSA increased in the rMCA [BL, 5.2 ± 1.2 mm2; PLO, 5.4 ± 1.5 mm2; NTG, 6.6 ± 1.5 mm2, P < 0.05; mean ± SD]. Concurrently, rMCA blood velocity decreased from BL during NTG compared with PLO (BL, 67 ± 10 cm s−1; PLO, 62 ± 10 cm s−1; NTG, 59 ± 9.3 cm s−1, P < 0.05; mean ± SD]. However, total MCA blood flow did not change with NTG or PLO [BL, 221 ± 37.4 ml min−1; PLO, 218 ± 35.0 ml min−1; NTG, 213 ± 46.4 ml min−1). Therefore, exogenous NO mediates a dilatory response in the rMCA, but not in its downstream vascular bed.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae
×
Saccharomyces kudriavzevii HA1836 Interspecies Hybrid Yeast
Authors: Lopandic Ksenija , Tafer Hakim , Sterflinger Katja 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Saccharomyces cerevisiae
×
Saccharomyces kudriavzevii
interspecies hybrid yeasts have frequently been isolated from alcoholic fermentation environments. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of the
S. cerevisiae
×
S. kudriavzevii
HA1836 strain isolated from grapes from an Austrian vineyard.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Fungus (Fusarium tricinctum) Cultured from a Monoisolate Native to the Himalayas
Authors: Meena Narendra , Vasundhara M. , Reddy M. Sudhakara , Suravajhala Prashanth , Raghavender U. S. , Medicherla Krishna Mohan 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft
de novo
genome sequence assembly of
Fusarium tricinctum
(strain T6), using IonTorrent sequencing chemistry and an Ion 530 chip ExT kit for sequencing. The genome assembly resulted in 42,732,204 bp from a total 6.62 Gb, with a median read length of 386 bp.
Genome Sequence of the Self-Flocculating Strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPSC01
Authors: Xu Jian-Ren , He Lei-Yu , Liu Chen-Guang , Zhao Xin-Qing , Bai Feng-Wu 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

The self-flocculation of yeast cells presents advantages for continuous ethanol fermentation such as their self-immobilization within fermenters for high density to improve ethanol productivity and cost-effective biomass recovery by gravity sedimentation. We sequenced and analyzed the genome of the self-flocculating
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
SPSC01 for the industrial production of fuel ethanol.
Draft Genome Sequences for a Diverse Set of Isolates from 10 Neisseria Species
Authors: Nichols Megan , Topaz Nadav , Wang Xiong , Wang Xin , Boxrud Dave 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Neisseria
is a diverse genus that includes commensal and pathogenic species that pose a public health threat. While the pathogenic species have been studied extensively, many of the commensals have limited genomic information available. Here, we present draft genome sequences for a diverse set of 37 isolates from 10
Neisseria
species.