bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant‐driven changes in soil microbial communities influence seed germination through negative feedbacks
Authors: Miller Lee C. , Perron Gabriel G. , Collins Cathy D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) drive plant community diversity via interactions between plants and soil microbes. However, we know little about how frequently PSFs affect plants at the seed stage, and the compositional shifts in fungi that accompany PSFs on germination.

We conducted a pairwise PSF experiment to test whether seed germination was differentially impacted by conspecific versus heterospecific soils for seven grassland species. We used metagenomics to characterize shifts in fungal community composition in soils conditioned by each plant species. To investigate whether changes in the abundance of certain fungal taxa were associated with multiple PSFs, we assigned taxonomy to soil fungi and identified putative pathogens that were significantly more abundant in soils conditioned by plant species that experienced negative or positive PSFs.

We observed negative, positive, and neutral PSFs on seed germination. Although conspecific and heterospecific soils for pairs with significant PSFs contained host‐specialized soil fungal communities, soils with specialized microbial communities did not always lead to PSFs. The identity of host‐specialized pathogens, that is, taxa uniquely present or significantly more abundant in soils conditioned by plant species experiencing negative PSFs, overlapped among plant species, while putative pathogens within a single host plant species differed depending on the identity of the heterospecific plant partner. Finally, the magnitude of feedback on germination was not related to the degree of fungal community differentiation between species pairs involved in negative PSFs.

Synthesis. Our findings reveal the potential importance of PSFs at the seed stage. Although plant species developed specialized fungal communities in rhizosphere soil, pathogens were not strictly host‐specific and varied not just between plant species, but according to the identity of plant partner. These results illustrate the complexity of microbe‐mediated interactions between plants at different life stages that next‐generation sequencing can begin to unravel.
Developments of SiC devices and SiC inverters aimed at electric power applications
Authors: Sugawara Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe developments of SiC power devices has been proceeded remarkably since 1990. SiC power devices have been payed attentions as one of the candidate power devices for next HVDC transmissions and its R&Ds have been started in the KANSAI electric power company since 1995. In this paper, a series of R&Ds for the SiC devices and SiC inverters performed in the company are presented from the historical viewpoints.
The more you have, the more you want? Higher social class predicts a greater desire for wealth and status
Authors: Wang Zhechen , Jetten Jolanda , Steffens Niklas K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTraditional theories have focused on the intentions of lower‐class individuals to climb on the social ladder, yet they have paid relatively little attention to the motivations of upper‐class individuals to ascend even higher. Addressing this issue, Studies 1 and 2 provided cross‐national evidence that higher social class is associated with a greater desire for wealth and status. Moreover, by manipulating perceived social class, Studies 3 and 5 experimentally confirmed that compared to people in the lower‐class group, those in the upper‐class group express a stronger desire for wealth and status. Furthermore, in line with self‐categorization theory predictions, Studies 3–5 showed that upper‐class individuals tend to see and use wealth and status as important attributes in defining and categorizing self, and this tendency explains the effect of social class on desire for wealth and status. Together, our findings demonstrate a “having more—wanting more” relationship, and its consequences are further discussed.
Study on Preferential Solvation of Water by Electrochemical Method
Authors: Yan Chunxia , Huang Ximing , Chen Jingchao , Guo Haixia , Shao Huibo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe preferential solvation of water plays an important role in ferrocene research which is a subject of current interest. Voltammetric investigations were carried out for Au electrode in acetonitrile/water, showing preferential solvation of water. In our work, the preferential solvation of water in acetonitrile/water was studied by electrochemical methods including cyclic volitammetry, electrochemical impedance spectra and double‐step chronoamperometry. Ferrocenemethanol (FcCH2OH) molecules as a solute spontaneously adsorb on the electrode surface in anhydrous acetonitrile, resulting from acetonitrile molecules tend to form an acetonitrile solvent layer on the surface of the electrode and acetonitrile solvent layer has a lower energy barrier than the aqueous solvent layer, which has been obtained by modeling solvation. The solvent strongly influences electrochemical behavior of solute. Once there is an amount of water in acetonitrile solvent, FcCH2OH that adsorbed on the electrode surface desorb. This is because water preferentially solvate with FcCH2OH in term of intermolecular forces between solvent and solute. Moreover, hydrogen bond between water molecules and FcCH2OH molecules is stronger than dipole‐dipole interaction between acetonitrile molecules and FcCH2OH molecules in solvation effect. Through electrochemical behavior of FcCH2OH changing, preferential solvation of water is analyzed by electrochemical methods.
Voltammetric and Impedimetric Detection of Interaction Between Dacarbazine and Nucleic Acids
Authors: Eksin Ece , Polat Derya , Erdem Arzum 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDacarbazine (DTIC) is a chemotherapy drug that is used for the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma, malignant melanoma, childhood solid tumors and soft tissue sarcoma. The surface confined interaction between DTIC and nucleic acids was investigated for the first time in this study by using both differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in combination with disposable pencil graphite electrodes. The oxidation signals of DTIC and guanine were measured before and after interaction process using DPV technique. The interaction of DTIC with nucleic acids; poly[A], poly[G], or double stranded of poly[A]‐poly[T] and poly[G]‐poly[C] was also examined using DPV. Furthermore, EIS technique was utilized for detection of the interaction between DTIC and nucleic acids; ssDNA/dsDNA, poly[A], poly[G], or double stranded poly[A]‐poly[T] and poly[G]‐poly[C].
Comparison of the General Threshold Model of Survival and Dose–Response Models in Simulating the Acute Toxicity of Metals to Danio rerio
Authors: He An , Liu Xinyong , Qu Liang , Gao Yongfei , Feng Jianfeng , Zhu Lin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio) to different concentrations of lead and cadmium, and monitored them for survival at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Metal toxicity was predicted and compared using the dose–response and general threshold survival models in terms of required data sets, fit performance, and applicability. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2169–2177. © 2019 SETAC.
Occurrence of Toxigenic Microalgal Species and Phycotoxin Accumulation in Mesozooplankton in Northern Patagonian Gulfs, Argentina
Authors: D'Agostino Valeria C. , Krock Bernd , Degrati Mariana , Sastre Viviana , Santinelli Norma , Krohn Torben , Hoffmeyer Mónica S. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the Northern Patagonian gulfs of Argentina (Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José), blooms of toxigenic microalgae and the detection of their associated phycotoxins are recurrent phenomena. The present study evaluated the transfer of phycotoxins from toxigenic microalgae to mesozooplankton in Golfo Nuevo and Golfo San José throughout an annual cycle (December 2014–2015 and January 2015–2016, respectively). In addition, solid-phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) samplers were deployed for the first time in these gulfs, to estimate the occurrence of phycotoxins in the seawater between the phytoplankton samplings. Domoic acid was present throughout the annual cycle in SPATT samplers, whereas no paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins were detected. Ten toxigenic species were identified: Alexandrium catenella, Dinophysis acuminata, Dinophysis acuta, Dinophysis tripos, Dinophysis caudata, Prorocentrum lima, Pseudo-nitzschia australis, Pseudo-nitzschia calliantha, Pseudo-nitzschia fraudulenta, and Pseudo-nitzschia pungens. Lipophilic and hydrophilic toxins were detected in phytoplankton and mesozooplankton from both gulfs. Pseudo-nitzschia spp. were the toxigenic species most frequent in these gulfs. Consequently, domoic acid was the phycotoxin most abundantly detected and transferred to upper trophic levels. Spirolides were detected in phytoplankton and mesozooplankton for the first time in the study area. Likewise, dinophysistoxins were found in mesozooplankton from both gulfs, and this is the first report of the presence of these phycotoxins in zooplankton from the Argentine Sea. The dominance of calanoid copepods indicates that they were the primary vector of phycotoxins in the pelagic trophic web. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:2209–2223. © 2019 SETAC.
Redefining Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy for the Modern Era
Authors: Izzy Manhal , VanWagner Lisa B. , Lin Grace , Altieri Mario , Findlay James Y. , Oh Jae K. , Watt Kymberly D. , Lee Samuel S. ,   on behalf of The Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Consortium
Published: July 2019

Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is cardiac dysfunction in patients with end‐stage liver disease in the absence of prior heart disease. First defined in 2005 during the World Congress of Gastroenterology, CCM criteria consisted of echocardiographic parameters to identify subclinical cardiac dysfunction in the absence of overt structural abnormalities. Significant advancements in cardiovascular imaging over the past 14 years, including the integration of myocardial deformation imaging into routine clinical practice to identify subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction, have rendered the 2005 CCM criteria obsolete. Therefore, new criteria based on contemporary cardiovascular imaging parameters are needed. In this guidance document, assembled by a group of multidisciplinary experts in the field, new core criteria based on contemporary cardiovascular imaging parameters are proposed for the assessment of CCM. This document provides a critical assessment of the diagnosis of CCM and ongoing assessment aimed at improving clinical outcomes, particularly surrounding liver transplantation. Key points and practice‐based recommendations for the diagnosis of CCM are provided to offer guidance for clinicians and identify gaps in knowledge for future investigations.
Mitochondrial General Control of Amino Acid Synthesis 5 Like 1 Regulates Glutaminolysis, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 Activity, and Murine Liver Regeneration
Authors: Wang Lingdi , Zhu Lu , Wu Kaiyuan , Chen Yong , Lee Duck‐Yeon , Gucek Marjan , Sack Michael N. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims
The regenerative capacity of the liver plays a protective role against hepatotoxins and impaired regeneration exacerbates liver dysfunction in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mitochondrial bioenergetic and ‐synthetic functions are important contributory factors in hepatic regeneration, and the control of mitochondrial protein acetylation is implicated in the mitochondrial susceptibility to liver stressors. Here, we evaluated the role of general control of amino acid synthesis 5 like 1 (GCN5L1), a mediator of mitochondrial metabolism and acetylation, in modulating murine liver regeneration (LR) in response to acute CCl4‐induced hepatotoxicity.

Approach and Results
Initial metabolomic screening found that liver GCN5L1 knockout (LKO) mice have augmented glutaminolysis. Absence of GCN5L1 modified enzyme activity of liver‐enriched glutaminase enzyme (glutaminase 2; GLS2), and GCN5L1 levels modulated GLS2 oligomerization and acetylation. This metabolic remodeling resulted in the elevation of α‐ketoglutarate levels, which are known to activate mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). This signaling pathway was induced with increased phosphorylation of S6 kinase in LKO hepatocytes, and inhibition of glutaminolysis reversed aberrant mTORC1 signaling. At the same time, glutaminolysis, activity of GLS2, and activation of mTORC1 signaling were reversed by the genetic reintroduction of the mitochondrial isoform of GCN5L1 into LKO primary hepatocytes. Finally, LKO mice had a more robust regenerative capacity in response to CCl4 hepatoxicity, and this response was blunted by both the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, and by pharmacological blunting of glutaminolysis.

Conclusions
These data point to a central role of glutaminolysis in modulating the regenerative capacity in the liver. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial GCN5L1 to augment LR may be a useful strategy in disease states linked to hepatotoxicity.
National Experience on Down‐Staging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Before Liver Transplant: Influence of Tumor Burden, Alpha‐Fetoprotein, and Wait Time
Authors: Mehta Neil , Dodge Jennifer L. , Grab Joshua D. , Yao Francis Y. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims
United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) recently implemented a national policy granting priority listing for liver transplantation (LT) in patients who achieved down‐staging of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to Milan criteria. We aimed to evaluate the national experience on down‐staging by comparing two down‐staging groups with (1) tumor burden meeting UNOS down‐staging (UNOS‐DS) inclusion criteria and (2) “all‐comers” (AC‐DS) with initial tumor burden beyond UNOS‐DS criteria versus patients always within Milan.

Approach and Results
This is a retrospective analysis of the UNOS database of 3,819 patients who underwent LT from 2012 to 2015, classified as always within Milan (n = 3,276), UNOS‐DS (n = 422), and AC‐DS (n = 121). Median time to LT was 12.8 months in long wait regions, 6.5 months in mid wait regions (MWR), and 2.6 months in short wait regions (SWR). On explant, vascular invasion was found in 23.7% of AC‐DS versus 16.9% of UNOS‐DS and 14.4% of Milan (P = 0.002). Kaplan‐Meier 3‐year post‐LT survival was 83.2% for Milan, 79.1% for UNOS‐DS (P = 0.17 vs. Milan), and 71.4% for AC‐DS (P = 0.04 vs. Milan). Within down‐staging groups, risk of post‐LT death in multivariable analysis was increased in SWR or MWR (hazard ratio [HR], 3.1; P = 0.005) and with alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥ 100 ng/mL at LT (HR, 2.4; P = 0.009). The 3‐year HCC recurrence probability was 6.9% for Milan, 12.8% for UNOS‐DS, and 16.7% for AC‐DS (P < 0.001). In down‐staging groups, AFP ≥ 100 (HR, 2.6; P = 0.02) was the only independent predictor of HCC recurrence.

Conclusions
Our results validated UNOS‐DS criteria based on comparable 3‐year survival between UNOS‐DS and Milan groups. Additional refinements based on AFP and wait time may further improve post‐LT outcomes in down‐staging groups, especially given that reported 3‐year recurrence was higher than in those always within Milan criteria.
Modulation of the Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1/Monoamine Oxidase‐A/5‐Hydroxytryptamine/5‐Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A/2B/2C Axis Regulates Biliary Proliferation and Liver Fibrosis During Cholestasis
Authors: Kyritsi Konstantina , Chen Lixian , O’Brien April , Francis Heather , Hein Travis W. , Venter Julie , Wu Nan , Ceci Ludovica , Zhou Tianhao , Zawieja David , Gashev Anatoliy A. , Meng Fanyin , Invernizzi Pietro , Fabris Luca , Wu Chaodong , Skill Nicholas J. , Saxena Romil , Liangpunsakul Suthat , Alpini Gianfranco , Glaser Shannon S. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Aims
Serotonin (5HT) is a neuroendocrine hormone synthetized in the central nervous system (CNS) as well as enterochromaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH1) and monoamine oxidase (MAO‐A) are the key enzymes for the synthesis and catabolism of 5HT, respectively. Previous studies demonstrated that 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptor (5HTR)1A/1B receptor agonists inhibit biliary hyperplasia in bile‐duct ligated (BDL) rats, whereas 5HTR2B receptor antagonists attenuate liver fibrosis (LF) in mice. Our aim was to evaluate the role of 5HTR2A/2B/2C agonists/antagonists in cholestatic models.

Approach and Results
While in vivo studies were performed in BDL rats and the multidrug resistance gene 2 knockout (Mdr2–/–
) mouse model of PSC, in vitro studies were performed in cell lines of cholangiocytes and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). 5HTR2A/2B/2C and MAO‐A/TPH1 are expressed in cholangiocytes and HSCs from BDL rats and Mdr2–/–

‐ mice. Ductular reaction, LF, as well as the mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes increased in normal, BDL rats, and Mdr2–/–

‐ mice following treatment 5HTR2A/2B/2C agonists, but decreased when BDL rats and Mdr2–/–
mice were treated with 5HTR2A/2B/2C antagonists compared to BDL rats and Mdr2–/–
mice, respectively. 5HT levels increase in Mdr2–/–
mice and in PSC human patients compared to their controls and decrease in serum of Mdr2–/–
mice treated with 5HTR2A/2B/2C antagonists compared to untreated Mdr2–/–
mice. In vitro, cell lines of murine cholangiocytes and human HSCs express 5HTR2A/2B/2C and MAO‐A/TPH1; treatment of these cell lines with 5HTR2A/2B/2C antagonists or TPH1 inhibitor decreased 5HT levels as well as expression of fibrosis and inflammation genes compared to controls.

Conclusions
Modulation of the TPH1/MAO‐A/5HT/5HTR2A/2B/2C axis may represent a therapeutic approach for management of cholangiopathies, including PSC.
Cachexia and Sarcopenia in Companion Animals: An Under‐Utilized Natural Animal Model of Human Disease
Authors: Freeman Lisa M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile laboratory small animal models of cachexia and sarcopenia are well‐suited and critical for studying mechanisms and early pre‐clinical phases for potential treatments, they are not similar enough to the human conditions to always be good predictors for results in human clinical trials. As a result, translational failures can occur when large‐scale human clinical trials are conducted on drugs, even when they appear promising in pre‐clinical studies in rodent models. What is needed is a way to more efficiently and successfully translate information gained from basic science and rodent research into human clinical trials that produce effective approved drugs. Naturally‐occurring cachexia and sarcopenia in companion animals is a more representative model of human disease that can serve as a stepping stone between basic science and human clinical trials. Many of the common diseases of humans also affect companion animals, particularly pet dogs and cats. Pet dogs and cats commonly develop heart failure, cancer, and kidney disease, as well as acute trauma or illness. The population of elderly companion animals also is increasing as pets' lifespans have become longer. As a result, both cachexia and sarcopenia are very common in companion animals. Studying these conditions in dogs and cats – either in colonies or in animal clinical trials ‐ can help to identify successful treatments that can benefit both humans and companion animals.
MYCN gene polymorphisms and Wilms tumor susceptibility in Chinese children
Authors: Huang Xiaokai , Zhao Jie , Zhu Jinhong , Chen Shanshan , Fu Wen , Tian Xiaoqian , Lou Susu , Ruan Jichen , He Jing , Zhou Haixia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWilms tumor, derived from embryonic cells, accounts for a large proportion of pediatric renal tumors. MYCN encoded by MYCN proto‐oncogene, a member of the MYC family, is a BHLH transcription factor. It plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and predicts poor clinical outcomes in various types of cancer. However, the role of MYCN remained unclarified in Wilms tumor. In this study, we investigated the association between MYCN gene polymorphisms and Wilms tumor susceptibility.MethodsFour MYCN gene polymorphisms (rs57961569 G > A, rs9653226 T > C, rs13034994 A > G, and rs60226897 G > A) were genotyped in 183 cases and 603 controls. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the association between MYCN gene polymorphisms and Wilms tumor susceptibility.ResultsOverall, no significant association was found for any of the four MYCN gene polymorphisms. Interestingly, in the stratification analysis, the rs57961569 was found to be associated with decreased Wilms tumor susceptibility in the children older than 18 months (AOR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.42‐1.00, P = .050). Moreover, older children carrying 2‐4 risk genotypes were at increased risk of Wilms tumor (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.001‐2.40, P = .0497). Haplotype GCAA was shown to significantly increased Wilms tumor risk (AOR = 2.40, 95% CI = 1.12‐5.14, P = .024).ConclusionOur study demonstrated that these MYCN gene polymorphisms might be low penetrant variants in Wilms tumor.
FASt single‐breathhold 2D multislice myocardial T1 mapping (FAST1) at 1.5T for full left ventricular coverage in three breathholds
Authors: Huang Li , Neji Radhouene , Nazir Muhummad Sohaib , Whitaker John , Duong Phuoc , Reid Fiona , Bosio Filippo , Chiribiri Amedeo , Razavi Reza , Roujol Sébastien 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundConventional myocardial T1 mapping techniques such as modified Look–Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) generate one T1 map per breathhold. T1 mapping with full left ventricular coverage may be desirable when spatial T1 variations are expected. This would require multiple breathholds, increasing patient discomfort and prolonging scan time.PurposeTo develop and characterize a novel FASt single‐breathhold 2D multislice myocardial T1 mapping (FAST1) technique for full left ventricular coverage.Study TypeProspective.Population/PhantomNumerical simulation, agarose/NiCl2 phantom, 9 healthy volunteers, and 17 patients.Field Strength/Sequence1.5T/FAST1.AssessmentTwo FAST1 approaches, FAST1‐BS and FAST1‐IR, were characterized and compared with standard 5‐(3)‐3 MOLLI in terms of accuracy, precision/spatial variability, and repeatability.Statistical TestsKruskal‐Wallis, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, intraclass correlation coefficient analysis, analysis of variance, Student's t‐tests, Pearson correlation analysis, and Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsIn simulation/phantom, FAST1‐BS, FAST1‐IR, and MOLLI had an accuracy (expressed as T1 error) of 0.2%/4%, 6%/9%, and 4%/7%, respectively, while FAST1‐BS and FAST1‐IR had a precision penalty of 1.7/1.5 and 1.5/1.4 in comparison with MOLLI, respectively. In healthy volunteers, FAST1‐BS/FAST1‐IR/MOLLI led to different native myocardial T1 times (1016 ± 27 msec/952 ±22 msec/987 ± 23 msec, P < 0.0001) and spatial variability (66 ± 10 msec/57 ± 8 msec/46 ± 7 msec, P < 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between all techniques for T1 repeatability (P = 0.18). In vivo native and postcontrast myocardial T1 times in both healthy volunteers and patients using FAST1‐BS/FAST1‐IR were highly correlated with MOLLI (Pearson correlation coefficient ≥0.93).Data ConclusionFAST1 enables myocardial T1 mapping with full left ventricular coverage in three separated breathholds. In comparison with MOLLI, FAST1 yield a 5‐fold increase of spatial coverage, limited penalty of T1 precision/spatial variability, no significant difference of T1 repeatability, and highly correlated T1 times. FAST1‐IR provides improved T1 precision/spatial variability but reduced accuracy when compared with FAST1‐BS.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:492–504.