bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a multi-component prevention concept for hazardous substance use among refugees in shared accommodations: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lorenz Miriam Hedwig , Uricher Jonathan , Pauzar Markus Iwan , Michalak Johannes , Laging Marion , Heidenreich Thomas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Refugees are exposed to various risk factors in shared accommodations in Germany where they are housed after their arrival. Due to their often traumatic experiences before, during, and after their flight and socio-structural post-migration stressors, refugees are potentially vulnerable to hazardous substance use. They form a structurally disadvantaged group for substance use prevention and intervention. Various barriers make it difficult for them to access the healthcare system and to get health information. Therefore, a participatory multi-component prevention concept for refugees in shared accommodations was developed. The aim of the trial is to evaluate the efficacy of this concept regarding the increase in knowledge about substance use among refugees living in shared accommodations.

Methods
Based on a randomized controlled stepped-wedge design, the study will be conducted in a multicenter setting in nine shared accommodations and will aim to include refugees living in shared accommodations as well as social workers and psychologists working there.

Discussion
This trial will be one of the first to generate evidence about effective participatory prevention concepts for refugees in shared accommodations. Evidence-based concepts for refugees can improve access to health care and might be helpful for the multidisciplinary workforce in shared accommodations.

Trial registration
OSF Registry: osf.io/ebnj3. Registered on May 24, 2024. Registration DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/EBNJ3.
Neck masses- a study of clinico-epidemiological and cytological profile
Authors: Thakur Chandan Kumari , Dhasmana Gunjan , Bhardwaj Heemani , Vindrani Nehal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background
Swellings of the neck are a common presentation encountered by surgeons in outpatient settings, often prompting early medical attention due to their visibility and potential cosmetic concerns. Neck masses can range from reactive lymphadenitis to malignant lesions.

Aim of the study
This observational study aimed to investigate the clinical profile and etiopathology of neck masses within the Indian population.

Methods
Over a six-month period, patients presenting with neck swellings at the Department of ENT in a multi-speciality government hospital, Delhi, were included. 100 patients were included in the study. Detailed demographic data and presenting symptoms were recorded, along with local examination findings and cytological analysis using fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Results
The study population predominantly consisted of individuals aged 21 to 30 (30%) and 11 to 20 (22%), with females comprising 68% of the total, male to female ratio being 0.6:1. The most common etiologies observed were infective or inflammatory (42%), followed by thyroid-related conditions (35%). Tubercular lymphadenitis was the most common among infective etiology, accounting for 36% of these cases. Notable variations were observed across age groups, with younger demographics showing higher prevalence of benign and inflammatory conditions, while older individuals presented with diverse etiologies including thyroid nodules and salivary gland tumors.

Conclusion
The age distribution data of patients presenting with neck masses provides valuable insights into the epidemiology and etiology of such conditions across different age groups. FNAC remains a valuable and cost-effective diagnostic tool for evaluating superficial and deep-seated lesions in the head and neck region. It offers reliable categorization of lesions due to its high sensitivity and specificity.
Uptake of Aspirin Chemoprevention in Patients With Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Singhal Sachi , Riggs Emma D. , Ruth Karen J. , Chavez-Salas Juan Pablo , Chertock Yana , Daly Mary B. , Hall Michael J. 
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE
Individuals with Lynch syndrome (LS) are at a high lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and other cancers. Aspirin (ASA), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), has proven chemopreventive benefits in LS, with the CAPP2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial demonstrating a 60% relative risk reduction for CRC among participants who adhered to ASA for 2 years or more. This study sought to characterize uptake of ASA/NSAIDs among individuals with LS and to understand factors associated with use.

METHODS
Individuals with LS were invited (June 2020-August 2022) to complete a one-time electronic survey about LS screening behaviors, uptake of ASA/NSAIDs, and current/emerging cancer prevention options. Participants were recruited from the Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC) Risk Assessment Program Registry and through a research invitation posted to two patient-facing LS advocacy websites.

RESULTS

Two hundred and ninety-six participants completed the survey including 116 (39.2%) from FCCC and 180 (60.8%) recruited via the Internet, including 14.9% non-US based individuals. Uptake of regular ASA or NSAIDs was modest at 34.8% and was even lower (25.7%) when focusing on individuals taking ASA or NSAIDs solely for chemoprevention of LS. More than half (55%) were taking <100 mg ASA daily. In multivariable modeling, lower perceived threat of LS (odds ratio [OR], 0.84 [95% CI, 0.72 to 0.98]), lower
concern for side effects
(OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.76 to 0.99]), and higher
likelihood of recommending ASA/NSAIDs to family or a friend
were all associated with ASA/NSAIDs use (OR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.37 to 2.10]).

CONCLUSION
Uptake of ASA/NSAIDs chemoprevention is modest among individuals with LS. Patient perceptions of the pros and cons of ASA, more so than demographic and disease-related factors, were associated with chemoprevention uptake.
THE FAMILY EDUCATION FORM IN THE ESTIMATION OF PARENTS AND RESULTS OF CHILDREN’S SOCIALISATION
Authors: Chukmarova Lucia F. 
Published: November 2024

Background. Nowadays the family education is getting popular in Russia. It important to investigate reasons of this trend: disadvantages, advantages and consequences of it.
Purpose. To determine reasons of choosing the family education from parent's side, explore their advantage and disadvantage, as well as investigate aspects of the socialisation of children who are in the family education.
Materials and methods. In the research were involved parents, who prefer family or traditional education as well as children who are on family or traditional education. Parents were interviewed via the questionnaire of K.V. Zhuikova, S.V. Lyalikova "Family and home schooling as a model of education, the future". Children were tested by the methodology of diagnosing the socio-psychological adaptation of K. Rogers and R. Diamond.
Results. Parents prefer the family education due to the low quality of the traditional education, intention to save children's health, supporting the attachment to parents and stressful conditions at school. They appreciate individual approach, flexible schedule and the time that the family education provide. They confident that the study is more important that estimations. The disadvantages of the family education are the lack of team-work experience, low level of socialisation. Meanwhile parents who prefer traditional education are more critical to this disadvantages. The criteria of choosing the traditional education based on such values as health, family well-being, independence, freedom in life, creative development and self-development. The parents who prefer the traditional education tends to choose the school uniform since they value achievements. Children from the traditional education have the high level of socialisation, they accept themself and others, have the less level of emotional discomfort (in comparing with children from the family education, who have dominate internal control and intention to domination.
Role of Nutrition and Hydration in Injury Prevention and Recovery: A Review
Authors: Chodkowski Jakub 
Published: November 2024

Introduction and Purpose: Nutrition and hydration play critical roles in supporting athletic performance, injury prevention, and effective recovery, impacting both amateur and elite athletes. This literature review explores current evidence on nutritional and hydration strategies that promote musculoskeletal health, reduce injury risk, and optimize recovery following injury.
Material and Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on articles published up until the end of 2023. Keywords used in the search included: “nutrition strategies”, “hydration”, “injury prevention”, “nutrition” and “recovery”. Articles were selected based on their relevance to the topic and quality of evidence.
Results: The review reveals that hydration plays a critical role in reducing the risk of injury and optimizing recovery. Dehydration is associated with increased muscle fatigue, cramps, and a greater likelihood of heat-related injuries, impairing physical performance. Furthermore, nutritional strategies, particularly protein intake post-exercise, are essential for muscle recovery, reducing inflammation, and speeding up the healing process.
Conclusions: Implementing appropriate dietary strategies, including adequate hydration, balanced macronutrient intake, and electrolyte replenishment, can significantly reduce the risk of injury, enhance performance, and accelerate recovery times.
Open relationships – challenges and dilemmas
Authors: Wdowiak Krystian , Maciocha Agnieszka , Wąż Julia , Witas Aleksandra , Chachaj Weronika , Słomka Paulina , Gardocka Ewa 
Published: November 2024

Introduction and objective: Consensual non-monogamy (CNM) refers to various relationship types in which at least one partner, with the other’s consent, forms sexual and/or emotional connections with other people. In open relationships, partners are allowed to engage sexually with others, but emotional intimacy is reserved for the primary relationship, which takes precedence. The aim of this article is to gather the most up-to-date information on open relationships.Material and methods: A review of studies available on the PubMed platform (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) was conducted, including articles with free full-text access that used the keywords: “open relationship”, “CNM” and "Consensual non-monogamy."Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: CNM includes open relationships, polyamory, polyfidelity, and swinging. Interest in open relationships has increased in recent years, with more people expressing curiosity about them than those actively participating. Men, individuals with high cognitive empathy, those less prone to jealousy, and those capable of experiencing compersion—the joy from a partner’s involvement with others—are particularly interested in open relationships. Summary: Research suggests potential benefits of CNM, including greater relationship and sexual satisfaction compared to monogamous arrangements. However, open relationships can also pose challenges such as social stigma, the potential breakdown of the primary relationship, or complications in parenting for those involved. Despite growing interest, CNM and phenomena like compersion remain under-researched, providing an open field for further investigation into their dynamics and impact on individual and relational well-being.
Effect of diet combined with exercise intervention on tumor necrosis factor α in overweight or obese groups: Based on the exercise dose-response relationship
Authors: Wang Chuan qiu shui , Wang Kun , Liu Shi qi , Sun Liang , Luo Jiong 
Published: November 2024

Background: Chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, often linked to obesity or being overweight, is associated with various complications and an increased risk of disease development. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) is a key inflammatory factor that significantly impacts various body functions.
Objective: 1) To assess whether combined interventions are more effective than single interventions in combining diet and exercise. 2) To assess the effectiveness of exercise dose in different interventions on tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) levels in obese or overweight patients.
Methods: A thorough search was conducted across four electronic databases of randomized controlled trials that focus on exercise or dietary interventions for patients with obesity or overweight. This comprehensive review encompasses data collected up to August 2024. Two independent researchers conducted a thorough evaluation of the literature's quality. Network and dose-response analyses were performed using random effects models to examine the impact of diverse interventions on TNF-α.
Results: A total of 19 randomized controlled trials with 1479 patients with obesity or overweight were included. The meta-analysis showed that the hypocaloric diet combined with aerobic training (HDAT) possessed the highest ranking (SMD= -1.00,95%CI -1.51 to -0.49), followed by the hypocaloric diet (HD) (SMD= -0.40,95%CI -0.89 to 0.09), hypocaloric diet combined with resistance training (HDRT) (SMD= -0.48,95%CI- 1.43 to 0.48), and aerobic training combined with resistance training (ART) (SMD= -0.18,95%CI -0.92 to 0.57). Additionally, a notable improvement in TNF-α levels was observed in individuals adhering to a hypocaloric diet in conjunction with exercise when the cumulative exercise volume reached 150 metabolic equivalent of task minutes per week.
Conclusion: Based on the GRADE rating guidelines, moderate-quality research evidence indicates that a hypocaloric diet combined with aerobic training (HDAT) is the most effective intervention for enhancing tumor TNF-α levels in individuals with obesity or overweight. Additionally, the dose-response relationship was observed between the total exercise dose and TNF-α levels. Future research should investigate the specific effects of various aerobic exercise modalities on TNF-α levels in obese or overweight patients to develop a more personalized approach to exercise prescription.
High-efficiency focusing metalens based on metagrating arrays
Authors: Shi Jia , Wang Guanlong , Tang Longhuang , Wang Xiang , Wang Shaona , Guo Cuijuan , Bai Hua , Niu Pingjuan , Yao Jianquan , Weng Jidong 
Published: November 2024

The flexible and precise control of wavefronts of electromagnetic waves has always been a hot issue, and the emergence of metasurfaces has provided a platform to solve this problem, but their design and optimization remain challenging. Here, we demonstrate two design and optimization methods for metagrating-based metalenses based on the highest manipulation efficiency and highest diffraction efficiency. The metalens operating at 0.14 THz with numerical apertures of 0.434 is designed by these two methods for comparison. Then, the metalens is fabricated with photocuring 3D printing technology and an imaging system is built to characterize the distribution of focal spots. With the highest manipulation efficiency, the metalens shows a focal spot with the diameter of 0.93λ and depth of focus (DOF) of 22.7λ, and the manipulation and diffraction efficiencies reach 98.1% and 58.3%. With the highest diffraction efficiency, the metalens shows a focal spot with the diameter of 0.91λ and DOF of 24.6λ, and the manipulation and diffraction efficiencies reach 94.6% and 62.5%. The results show that the metalenses designed by both methods can perform a filamentous focal spot in the sub-wavelength scale with a long DOF; simultaneous high manipulation and diffraction efficiencies are obtained. A transmission imaging manner is used to verify the imaging capability of the metalenses, and the measurements are satisfactorily congruous with the anticipated results. The proposed methods can stably generate focal spots beyond the physical diffraction limit, which has a broad application in terahertz imaging, communications, etc.
Changes in lung function and dyspnea perception in Colombian Covid-19 patients after a 12-week pulmonary rehabilitation program
Authors: Páez-Mora Carlos D. , Zona Diana Carolina , Angarita-Sierra Teddy , Rojas-Paredes Matilde E. , Cano-Trejos Daniela 
Published: November 2024

Background
Although moderate and severe Covid-19 patients have shown obstructive and restrictive disorders in pulmonary function after recovery from the disease, studies evaluating the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs that seek to improve lung function are scarce.

Aim
Herein, we evaluate changes in lung function and perceived dyspnea in Covid-19 patients after undergoing 12 weeks of a pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program.

Design
Retrospective observational study.

Setting
Cesar, Colombia Neumocesar Pneumological Center.

Population
100 outpatients with a history of Covid-19.

Methods
Respiratory function using spirometry parameters, as well as perceived dyspnea, measured by the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, was evaluated in 100 patients with a history of Covid-19. We used univariate and multivariate statistical approaches to assess changes in lung function and perceived dyspnea before and after a PR program to determine whether gender, age, height, weight, comorbidities, and oxygen delivery system affects the recovery of lung function and perceived dyspnea.

Results
It was found that PR treatment has positive effects on respiratory pathologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection regardless of patient gender (S = 0,029), indicating that rehabilitation provided benefits regardless of the physical characteristics of the patients. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses indicated that FVC (P = 0,0001), FEV1(P = 0,0001), and mMRC (P = 0,0001) are robust diagnostic indicators of lung function recovery and perceived dyspnea. Both invasive and non-invasive positive pressure ventilatory support had deleterious effects on lung function prolongating patient recovery (P = 0,0001).

Conclusions
Rehabilitation programs can benefit patients facing respiratory pathologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additional research on the long-term effects of the sequelae of Covid-19 is needed.

Clinical rehabilitation impact
PR programs have positive effects on patients facing respiratory pathologies caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Prevalence of failed induction of labor and associated factors among women who underwent induction of labor in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ayele Mulat , Tilahun Befkad Derese , Yilak Gizachew , Alamrew Abebaw , Zewdie Amare , Lake Eyob Shitie 
Published: November 2024

Background
The occurrence of failed induction led to higher rates of health problems and death among mothers, mainly as a result of complications related to cesarean delivery, such as postpartum bleeding, morbidly adherent placenta and surgical site infection. Even though a systematic review and meta-analysis were done before July 2020 with limited studies, there were varies inconsistent studies after that and no updated summarize evidence about the issue as a nation. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the current pooled prevalence of failed induction and its associated factors in Ethiopia by including multiple inconsistent studies.

Methods
Comprehensive literature was searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and HINARI from January 1, 2013, to September 23, 2023. A random effect model was used to estimate pooled prevalence and adjusted odds ratio. Stata (version17.0) was used to analyze the data. Cochrane Q-test and I squared statistics were computed to assess heterogeneity among studies. A sub group analysis was done based on study region to minimize underling heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Eggers test were done to assess publication bias and corrected by trim and fill analysis.

Result
Overall, one thousand fifty-two articles were retrieved and finally twenty-eight studies were included in this systematic review, including 9757 participants. The pooled prevalence of failed induction of labor was 22.39% (95% CI: 21.57–23.21). Subgroup analysis showed that failed induction of labor was highest in Addis Ababa and lowest in Tigray region. Rural residence (AOR = 3.31, 95% CI: 2.39–4.57), nullipara women (AOR = 2.63, 95% CI: 2.14–3.24), unfavorable bishop score (AOR = 3.98, 95% CI: 2.19–7.08), hypertensive disorder during pregnancy (AOR = 3.63, 95% CI: 2.69–5.01) and premature rupture of membranes before the onset of labor (AOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.5–4.26) were significantly associated with failed induction of labor.

Conclusion
The pooled prevalence of failed induction of labor in Ethiopia was high. Unfavorable bishop score, nulliparous, rural residence, women who had premature rupture of membrane and hypertensive disorder during pregnancy were significantly associated with failed induction of labor. Therefore, Healthcare providers or obstetricians should consider proper cervical assessment for bishop score before the initiation of induction. The Ministry of Health ought to create a distinct set of guidelines specifically addressing the cervical ripening and/or induction protocol for women who experienced premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and had a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy, especially those who were administered magnesium sulfate (MgSO4).
Glycemia reduction in type 2 diabetes—Hypoglycemia outcomes: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Seaquist Elizabeth R. , Phillips Lawrence S. , Ghosh Alokananda , Baker Chelsea , Bergenstal Richard M. , Crandall Jill P. , Goland Robin S. , Gramzinski Michaela R. , Hox Sophia H. , Hsia Daniel S. , Johnson Mary L. , Lachin John M. , Raskin Philip , Valencia Willy M. , Waltje Andrea H. , Younes Naji ,   for the GRADE Research Group
Published: November 2024

Objective
Hypoglycemia is a major concern in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), but little is known about its likelihood compared across common therapies. We compared the likelihood of hypoglycemia among metformin-treated patients with T2DM randomized to the addition of one of 4 common therapies.

Research design & methods
Randomized, controlled trial of 5,047 participants with T2DM of <10 years’ duration, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) 6.8–8.5% (50.8–69.4 mmol/mol). Randomization to addition of glargine U100, glimepiride, liraglutide, or sitagliptin over 5.0 ± 1.3 (mean ± SD) years. HbA1c was measured quarterly; if a level >7.5% (>58.5 mmol/mol) was confirmed, rescue glargine and/or aspart insulin was added. We conducted a per-protocol analysis of 4,830, who attended at least one post-baseline visit and took at least one dose of assigned study medication. We assessed severe hypoglycemia events reported throughout the entire study. At quarterly visits, all participants were asked about hypoglycemic symptoms within the last 30 days, and those in the glargine and glimepiride groups were asked for any measured glucose <70 mg/dL (3.9 mmol/L) within this time period.

Results
While participants were taking their assigned medications, severe hypoglycemia occurred in 10 (0.8%), 16 (1.3%), 6 (0.5%), and 4 (0.3%), (p<0.05) and hypoglycemic symptoms in 659 (54.2%), 833 (68.3%), 375 (32.4%), and 361 (29.1%) of participants following randomization to glargine, glimepiride, liraglutide, and sitagliptin, respectively (p<0.001).

Conclusions
In metformin-treated patients with T2DM who add a second medication, hypoglycemia is most likely with addition of glimepiride, less with glargine, and least likely with liraglutide and sitagliptin.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01794143.