bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel strategy to visualize vesicle‐bound kinesins reveals the diversity of kinesin‐mediated transport
Authors: Yang Rui , Bostick Zoe , Garbouchian Alex , Luisi Julie , Banker Gary , Bentley Marvin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn mammals, 15 to 20 kinesins are thought to mediate vesicle transport. Little is known about the identity of vesicles moved by each kinesin or the functional significance of such diversity. To characterize the transport mediated by different kinesins, we developed a novel strategy to visualize vesicle‐bound kinesins in living cells. We applied this method to cultured neurons and systematically determined the localization and transport parameters of vesicles labeled by different members of the Kinesin‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 families. We observed vesicle labeling with nearly all kinesins. Only six kinesins bound vesicles that undergo long‐range transport in neurons. Of these, three had an axonal bias (KIF5B, KIF5C and KIF13B), two were unbiased (KIF1A and KIF1Bβ), and one transported only in dendrites (KIF13A). Overall, the trafficking of vesicle‐bound kinesins to axons or dendrites did not correspond to their motor domain preference, suggesting that on‐vesicle regulation is crucial for kinesin targeting. Surprisingly, several kinesins were associated with populations of somatodendritic vesicles that underwent little long‐range transport. This assay should be broadly applicable for investigating kinesin function in many cell types.
Epidemiological, pathological and immunohistochemical aspects of 125 cases of feline lymphoma in Southern Brazil
Authors: Leite‐Filho Ronaldo V. , Panziera Welden , Bandinelli Marcele B. , Henker Luan C. , da Conceição Monteiro Kalinka , Corbellini Luis G. , Driemeier David , Sonne Luciana , Pavarini Saulo P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA retrospective study compiling cases of feline lymphoma diagnosed during 12 years (2004‐2016) in Southern Brazil was performed. A total of 125 cases of lymphoma diagnosed in cats were reviewed, and information including age, breed, sex and tumour topography were collected. FeLV and FIV immunohistochemical tests were performed, as well as immunophenotyping of lymphomas. The alimentary form represented the most common presentation (42/125), followed by mediastinal lymphoma (35/125). Out of 125 cases, 79 presented positive retroviral immunostaining in tumour tissue (52 FeLV alone, 14 FIV alone and 13 presented FIV and FeLV co‐infections), 66/125 of the cases were of T‐cell origin and 59/125 of the cases were of B‐cell origin. The median age of cats with T‐cell lymphoma was 120 months (10‐240 months), and 60 months (6‐204 months) for cats with B‐cell lymphoma. The most frequent alimentary tumour presentation was the enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma (type 1), and the major type of mediastinal tumour observed was diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Considering only mediastinal and alimentary lymphomas (n = 77), the prevalence of mediastinal lymphoma in FeLV‐positive cats was 2.21 times higher than the prevalence of this type of tumour in FeLV‐negative cats (P= .036). Mediastinal lymphoma was more frequently observed in younger cats, and the prevalence of mediastinal tumours in these animals was 3.06 times higher than the prevalence of this tumour form in old cats (P= .0125). The present study indicates that retroviral infections still play an important role in the development of feline lymphomas in southern Brazil.
Osteochondral fragments of the pastern joint at the origin of the collateral ligament of the distal sesamoid bone: performance after arthroscopic removal (2000–2015)
Authors: Moyer Christine T. , Bramlage Lawrence R. , Werre Stephen R. , Ruggles Alan , Embertson Rolf , Hopper Scott 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the presence of fragments in the dorsal proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint and to report flat racing performance after surgical treatment.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationThirty‐nine affected thoroughbred flat racehorses and 169 age‐ and sex‐matched maternal siblings.MethodsMedical records from 2000 to 2015 were reviewed for thoroughbred horses that underwent arthroscopic removal of osteochondral fragments in the dorsal aspect of the PIP joint. The horses’ 2‐year‐old year, 3‐year‐old year, and career athletic performances were compared with their matched siblings.ResultsThirty‐nine thoroughbred horses were included, varying in age from 4 months to 4 years, with osteochondral fragments in 42 PIP joints. Hind limbs (92%) were more commonly affected than forelimbs (8%). Fragments were located within the origin of the collateral ligament of the distal sesamoid (navicular) bone. After surgery, the likelihood of starting a race did not differ between treated horses (27/39 [69%]) and maternal siblings (129/169 [76%],P = .15). Race earnings did not differ between treated horses and their siblings during their 2‐year‐old year (P = .66), 3‐year‐old year (P = .43), or career (P = .60).ConclusionRemoving osteochondral fragments from the origin of the collateral ligament of the distal sesamoid bone did not impair the ability to race or earning potential for affected thoroughbred racehorses compared with their maternal siblings.Clinical significanceFragments from the dorsal aspect of the PIP joint in racehorses can be removed arthroscopically resulting in a good clinical outcome and future flat racing performance comparable to matched controls.
Seifert vs. slice genera of knots in twist families and a characterization of braid axes
Authors: Baker Kenneth L. , Motegi Kimihiko 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTwisting a knot in along a disjoint unknot produces a twist family of knots indexed by the integers. We prove that if the ratio of the Seifert genus to the slice genus for knots in a twist family limits to 1, then the winding number of about equals either zero or the wrapping number. As a key application, if or the mirror twist family contains infinitely many tight fibered knots, then the latter must occur. This leads to the characterization that is a braid axis of if and only if both and each contain infinitely many tight fibered knots. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for to contain infinitely many L‐space knots, and apply the characterization to prove that satellite L‐space knots have braided patterns, which answers a question of both Baker–Moore and Hom in the positive. This result also implies an absence of essential Conway spheres for satellite L‐space knots, which gives a partial answer to a conjecture of Lidman–Moore.
Differential effects of primary disease and corneal vascularisation on corneal transplant rejection and survival
Authors: Sibley Daniel , Hopkinson Cathy L , Tuft Stephen J , Kaye Stephen B , Larkin Daniel F P 
Published: August 2019

AimsTo investigate the relative risk of pretransplant corneal vascularisation on rate of rejection and graft failure within 5 years of surgery when categorised by indication for transplantation.We analysed all adults recorded in the UK transplant registry who had a first cornea transplant for keratoconus (KC), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) or previous infection (viral/bacterial/fungal/protozoan) between 1999 and 2017. We analysed the number of quadrants of the recipient cornea vascularised before transplant and type of vascularisation, the interval post-transplant to rejection, if any, and the outcome at 5 years post-transplant. Risk factors for rejection and transplant failure were modelled by multivariable risk-adjusted Cox regression.ResultsCorneal vascularisation was recorded in 10%, 25% and 67% of patients with KC, PBK and infection, respectively. Individuals with PBK had an increased hazard of transplant rejection only when there were more than two quadrants of vascularisation (HR 1.5, p=0.004) when either superficial and/or deep vascularisation was present (HR 1.3 and 1.4, respectively, p=0.004). Individuals who had a transplant for previous infection had an increased hazard of rejection with four quadrants of vascularisation (HR 1.6, p=0.003). There was no risk-adjusted increase in transplant failure associated with vascularisation in any group. There was weak evidence of reduction in risk of rejection and/or failure associated with lamellar compared with penetrating transplantation in KC and PBK in vascularised recipient corneas.ConclusionVascularisation is a risk factor for corneal allograft rejection within 5 years. The indication for transplantation has a clinically significant effect on the magnitude of this risk.
HbA1c level as a risk factor for retinopathy and nephropathy in children and adults with type 1 diabetes: Swedish population based cohort study
Authors: Lind Marcus , Pivodic Aldina , Svensson Ann-Marie , Ólafsdóttir Arndis F , Wedel Hans , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate if the lowest target level for glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of <6.5% is associated with lower risk for retinopathy and nephropathy than less tight control in children and adults with type 1 diabetes.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingSwedish National Diabetes Registry, 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2017.Participants10 398 children and adults with type 1 diabetes followed from diagnosis, or close thereafter, until end of 2017.Main outcome measuresRelative risk (odds ratios) for retinopathy and nephropathy for different mean levels of HbA1c.ResultsMean age of participants was 14.7 years (43.4% female), mean duration of diabetes was 1.3 years, and mean HbA1c level was 8.0% (63.4 mmol/mol). After adjustment for age, sex, duration of diabetes, blood pressure, blood lipid levels, body mass index, and smoking, the odds ratio for mean HbA1c <6.5% (<48 mmol/mol) compared with 6.5-6.9% (48-52 mmol/mol) for any retinopathy (simplex or worse) was 0.77 (95% confidence interval 0.56 to 1.05, P=0.10), for preproliferative diabetic retinopathy or worse was 3.29 (0.99 to 10.96, P=0.05), for proliferative diabetic retinopathy was 2.48 (0.71 to 8.62, P=0.15), for microalbuminuria or worse was 0.98 (0.60 to 1.61, P=0.95), and for macroalbuminuria was 2.47 (0.69 to 8.87, P=0.17). Compared with HbA1c levels 6.5-6.9%, HbA1c levels 7.0-7.4% (53-57 mmol/mol) were associated with an increased risk of any retinopathy (1.31, 1.05 to 1.64, P=0.02) and microalbuminuria (1.55, 1.03 to 2.32, P=0.03). The risk for proliferative retinopathy (5.98, 2.10 to 17.06, P<0.001) and macroalbuminuria (3.43, 1.14 to 10.26, P=0.03) increased at HbA1c levels >8.6% (>70 mmol/mol). The risk for severe hypoglycaemia was increased at mean HbA1c <6.5% compared with 6.5-6.9% (relative risk 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.09 to 1.64, P=0.005).ConclusionsRisk of retinopathy and nephropathy did not differ at HbA1c levels <6.5% but increased for severe hypoglycaemia compared with HbA1c levels 6.5-6.9%. The risk for severe complications mainly occurred at HbA1c levels >8.6%, but for milder complications was increased at HbA1c levels >7.0%.
Patients with heart failure with and without a history of stroke in the Netherlands: a secondary analysis of psychosocial, behavioural and clinical outcomes up to three years from the COACH trial
Authors: Ski Chantal F , van der Wal Martje H L , Le Grande Michael , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Lesman-Leegte Ivonne , Thompson David R , Middleton Sandy , Cameron Jan , Jaarsma Tiny 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo identify differences in psychosocial, behavioural and clinical outcomes between patients with heart failure (HF) with and without stroke.Design and participantsA secondary analysis of 1023 patients with heart failure enrolled in the Coordinating study evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counselling in Heart failure.SettingSeventeen hospitals located across the Netherlands.Outcomes measuresDepressive symptoms (Centre for Epidemiological StudiesDepressionScale), quality of life (Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire, Ladder of Life Scale), self-care (European Heart Failure Self-Care Behaviour Scale), adherence to HF management (modified version of the Heart Failure Compliance Questionnaire) and readmission for HF, cardiovascular-cause and all-cause hospitalisations at 18 months, and all-cause mortality at 18 months and 3 years.ResultsCompared with those without stroke, patients with HF with a stroke (10.3%; n=105) had twice the likelihood of severe depressive symptoms (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.27 to 6.28, p=0.011; OR 2.24, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.88, p=0.043) at 12 and 18 months, poorer disease-specific and generic quality of life (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.84, p<0.001; OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.09 to 3.50, p=0.019) at 12 months, poorer self-care (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.11, p=0.034; OR 2.87, 95% CI 1.61 to 5.11, p<0.0011) and HF management adherence (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.81, p=0.012; OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.72, p=0.004) at 12 and 18 months, higher rates of hospitalisations and mortality at 18 months and higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.91, p=0.016) at 3 years.ConclusionsPatients with HF and stroke have worse psychosocial, behavioural and clinical outcomes, notably from 12 months, than those without stroke. To ameliorate these poor outcomes long-term, integrated disease management pathways are warranted.
Clinical characteristics of patients under 40 years old with early-onset hyperuricaemia: a retrospective monocentric study in China
Authors: Zhang Yi , Yang Yong , Xue Leixi , Wen Jian , Bo Lin , Tang Mei , Yang Ru , Yan Dong , Liu Zhichun 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with early-onset hyperuricaemia (HUC).MethodsA retrospective study using data from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University was conducted. 623 patients with HUC were divided into early-onset group and late-onset group. Another 201 healthy subjects ≤40 years old were regarded as control group. The data of physical measurements and biochemistry test were collected. Clinical data of early-onset group were compared with late-onset group and control group by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and χ2test. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Logistic regression was used to identify the clinical factors correlated with patients with early-onset HUC.ResultsThe patients of early-onset group had different body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatinine (Cr), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), TG/high density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio, HDL and percentage of males, hypertension (HBP) as well as fatty liver compared with healthy people in the control group. Early-onset group patients had different albumin, ALT, fasting blood glucose, Cr, percentage of males and HBP compared with late-onset group patients. PCA identified four significant patterns including PC1 (labelled ‘TG and HDL’), PC2 (labelled ‘fatty liver and liver enzymes’), PC3 (labelled ‘TC and LDL’) and PC4 (labelled ‘AKP’). The results of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that BMI, HBP and albumin were correlative factors for early onset of HUC when the patients with early-onset and late-onset HUC were involved, while gender, BMI, PC1, PC2 and PC4 were correlative factors for early-onset HUC when the early-onset and control groups were involved.ConclusionThis study described a group of patients with early-onset HUC with distinct clinical features. Gender, BMI, ‘TG and HDL’, ‘fatty liver and liver enzymes’ and ‘AKP’ have higher values than HBP, type 2 diabetes mellitus and ‘TC and LDL’ in patients under 40 years old with early-onset HUC.
Receiving the home care service offered by certified care workers prior to a patients’ death and the probability of a home death: observational research using an instrumental variable method from Japan
Authors: Abe Kazuhiro , Miyawaki Atsushi , Kobayashi Yasuki , Noguchi Haruko , Takahashi Hideto , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesTo assess the association between receiving the certified care workers’ home care service, which is provided by non-medical professionals prior to a patients’ death and the probability of a home death.DesignObservational research using the full-time translated number of certified care workers providing home care service per member of the population aged 65 or above, during the year prior to patient’s death per municipality as an instrumental variable.SettingThe certified care workers’ home care service covered by the public long-term care insurance (LTCI) system in Japan.ParticipantsIn total, 1 613 391 LTCI beneficiaries aged 65 or above who passed away, except by an external cause of death, between January 2010 and December 2013 were included in the analysis.Primary outcome measuresDeath at home or death at other places, including hospitals, nursing homes and clinics with beds.ResultsOut of all participants, 173 498 (10.8%) died at home. The number of patients who used the certified care workers’ home care service more than once per each month during 1, 2 or 3 months prior to the month of death numbered 213 848, 176 686 and 155 716, respectively. This was associated with an increased probability of death at home by 9.1% points (95% CI 2.9 to 15.3), 10.5% points (3.3 to 17.6) and 11.4% points (3.6 to 19.2), respectively.ConclusionsThe use of the certified care workers’ home care service prior to death was associated with the increased probability of a home death.
Does Telemedical Support of First Responders Improve Guideline Adherence in an Offshore Emergency Scenario? A Simulator-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Landgraf Philipp , Spies Claudia , Lawatscheck Robert , Luz Maria , Wernecke Klaus-Dieter , Schröder Torsten 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate, in a simulator-based prospective study, whether telemedical support improves quality of emergency first response (performance) by medical non-professionals to being non-inferior to medical professionals.SettingIn a simulated offshore wind power plant, duos (teams) of offshore engineers and teams of paramedics conducted the primary survey of a simulated patient.Participants38 offshore engineers and 34 paramedics were recruited by the general email invitation.InterventionTeams (randomised by lot) were supported by transmission technology and a remote emergency physician in Berlin.Outcome measuresFrom video recordings, performance (17 item checklist) and required time (up to 15 min) were quantified by expert rating for analysis. Differences were analysed using two-sided exact Mann-Whitney U tests for independent measures, non-inferiority was analysed using Schuirmann one-sided test. The significance level of 5 % was Holm-Bonferroni adjusted in each family of pairwise comparisons.ResultsNine teams of engineers with, nine without, nine teams of paramedics with and eight without support completed the task. Two experts quantified endpoints, insights into rater dependence were gained. Supported engineers outperformed unsupported engineers (p<0.01), insufficient evidence was found for paramedics (p=0.11). Without support, paramedics outperformed engineers (p<0.01). Supported engineers’ performance was non-inferior (at one item margin) to that by unsupported paramedics (p=0.03). Supported groups were slower than unsupported groups (p<0.01).ConclusionsFirst response to medical emergencies in offshore wind farms with substantially delayed professional care may be improved by telemedical support. Future work should test our result during additional scenarios and explore interdisciplinary and ecosystem aspects of this support.Trial registration numberDRKS00014372
Population-based case–control study of the effect of sun glare on pedestrian fatalities in Taiwan
Authors: Ma Hon-Ping , Chen Ping-Ling , Chen Shang-Ku , Chen Liang-Hao , Linkov Vaclav , Pai Chih-Wei 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesSun glare is a serious driving hazard and increases crash risks. Relatively few studies have examined the effects of sun glare on pedestrian fatalities, given that a crash has occurred. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sun glare on pedestrian fatalities.DesignA population-based case–control study.SettingTaiwan.ParticipantsUsing the Taiwan National Traffic Crash Data and sunrise and sunset data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for the period 2003 to 2016, 100 411 pedestrians involved in crashes were identified. Of these crashes, 13 355 and 87 056 were glare-related (case) and non-glare-related (control) crashes, respectively.MethodsTo account for unobserved heterogeneity, mixed logit models were estimated to identify the determinants of pedestrian fatalities.Main outcome measuresPedestrian fatalities.ResultsPedestrians involved in glare-related crashes were more likely to be fatally injured than those in non-glare-related crashes (β=0.527;t=3.21). Other contributory factors to fatal injuries among pedestrians were older pedestrians (β=0.553;t=2.33), male drivers (β=0.324;t=2.33), older drivers (β=0.218;t=2.14), intoxicated motorists (β=0.606;t=2.85), rural roadways (β=0.985;t=3.92), overtaking manoeuvres (β=0.472;t=3.58), heavy vehicle crash partners (β=0.248;t=2.78) and sunset hours (β=0.274;t=3.08). Walking against traffic appeared beneficial for decreasing injury severity (β=−0.304;t=−2.76).ConclusionsSun glare is associated with pedestrian fatalities. Older pedestrians, male drivers, older drivers and intoxicated motorists are prevalent determinants of pedestrian fatalities in glare-related crashes.
Survey on available treatment for acute kidney injury in the Southern African Development Community and Nigeria: are we ready for zero deaths by 2025 in sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Jones Erika , Rayner Brian L , Effa Emmanuel E , Okpechi Ikechi G , Schmitz Michael , Heering Peter J 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe International Society of Nephrology (ISN) has called for zero deaths by 2025. This survey aimed to determine the preparedness of Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries and Nigeria to heed this call.SettingA questionnaire was emailed to facilities, where renal replacement therapy is available; to determine type of services available; quality of care and identify clinicians involved.ParticipantsClinicians and administrators involved in the care of patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) completed the questionnaire.ResultsCompleted questionnaires were received from 12 of the 15 SADC countries and Nigeria, covering 48 service providers. The government provided partial funding for dialysis in 41.7% of services. There was no funding for acute dialysis in two countries. Interdisciplinary teams in 72.9% of hospitals covered the intensive care units (ICUs), which included at least one nephrologist in 75%. Only 77% were able to provide dialysis in ICU. Intermittent haemodialysis was the most common modality available (91.7% of facilities), sustained low-efficiency dialysis in 50%, continuous therapies in 35% and peritoneal dialysis in 33.3%. Almost half (47.9%) of the sites were limited to one mode of dialysis and unable to care for severely ill patients. The clinical status was used to initiate and monitor dialysis, with very few sites having clear written standard operating procedures.ConclusionIn the 16 countries surveyed, the majority had limited ability to provide comprehensive dialysis programmes for patients with AKI due to lack of facilities and government funding. Additionally, nephrologists are scarce; modes of dialysis are limited; as is the care for severely ill patients and lack of standard operating procedures. Resources, training and funding need to be made available to create universal coverage of dialysis for AKI. The ISN goal of providing renal replacement therapy to all by 2025 is unlikely to be achieved in SADC and Nigeria.