bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetics of Human Primary Hypertension: Focus on Hormonal Mechanisms
Authors: Manosroi Worapaka , Williams Gordon H 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Increasingly, primary hypertension is being considered a syndrome and not a disease, with the individual causes (diseases) having a common sign—an elevated blood pressure. To determine these causes, genetic tools are increasingly employed. This review identified 62 proposed genes. However, only 21 of them met our inclusion criteria: (i) primary hypertension, (ii) two or more supporting cohorts from different publications or within a single publication or one supporting cohort with a confirmatory genetically modified animal study, and (iii) 600 or more subjects in the primary cohort; when including our exclusion criteria: (i) meta-analyses or reviews, (ii) secondary and monogenic hypertension, (iii) only hypertensive complications, (iv) genes related to blood pressure but not hypertension per se, (v) nonsupporting studies more common than supporting ones, and (vi) studies that did not perform a Bonferroni or similar multiassessment correction. These 21 genes were organized in a four-tiered structure: distant phenotype (hypertension); intermediate phenotype [salt-sensitive (18) or salt-resistant (0)]; subintermediate phenotypes under salt-sensitive hypertension [normal renin (4), low renin (8), and unclassified renin (6)]; and proximate phenotypes (specific genetically driven hypertensive subgroup). Many proximate hypertensive phenotypes had a substantial endocrine component. In conclusion, primary hypertension is a syndrome; many proposed genes are likely to be false positives; and deep phenotyping will be required to determine the utility of genetics in the treatment of hypertension. However, to date, the positive genes are associated with nearly 50% of primary hypertensives, suggesting that in the near term precise, mechanistically driven treatment and prevention strategies for the specific primary hypertension subgroups are feasible.
Phytochemical and antioxidant activity evaluation of the bark of Tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa)
Authors: Erwin Erwin , Pusparohmana Widar Ristiyani , Sari Indah Permata , Hairani Rita , Usman Usman 
Published: December 2018

Background: Tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa) is a tropical rainforest plant that produces edible fruit and is native to Southeast Asia, especially East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Previous research showed that Tampoi potentially can be developed as a drug. It was reported that the extract of Tampoi fruit displayed antioxidant activity, which was correlated with its phenolic and flavonoid substances. There is no information about the antioxidant activity of other parts of this plant, such as the bark, which might also have this kind of activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical, toxicity, and antioxidant activity of the bark of Tampoi. Methods: The bark of Tampoi was extracted with methanol and concentrated using rotary evaporator to obtain the methanol extract of the bark. Secondary metabolites of this extract was determined using phytochemical analysis. Afterward, the methanol extract was tested for its toxicity using brine shrimp lethality test and antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. Results: Phytochemical evaluation results showed that the methanol extract of bark of this plant contains several secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, steroids, and triterpenoids. The toxicity test displayed no toxic property due to a LC50 value above 1000 ppm. For antioxidant activity, the result exhibited that the methanol extract of bark of this plant could be categorized as an active extract with IC50 value of 11.15 ppm. Moreover, based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis, there are 37 isolated compounds from the bark, one of which is methylparaben, a phenolic predicted to act as an antioxidant. Conclusion: The results obtained in this research demonstrated that the bark of Tampoi (B. macrocarpa) has potential as an antioxidant.
Young people’s recall and perceptions of gambling advertising and intentions to gamble on sport
Authors: Nyemcsok Christian , Thomas Samantha L. , Bestman Amy , Pitt Hannah , Daube Mike , Cassidy Rebecca 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThere has been an increased international policy focus on the factors that may contribute to, and prevent, the normalization of gambling for young people. However, there is still limited research, which investigates the role of advertising in shaping young people’s gambling attitudes and consumption intentions.MethodsMixed methods study of 111 young people aged 11–16 years recruited from community basketball stadiums in Victoria, Australia, between May and July 2018. Interviewer-assisted surveys investigated recall and awareness of sports betting brands, perceptions of promotional strategies, intention to gamble, and reasons for betting on particular sports. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and χ2tests. Thematic analyses were used to interpret qualitative responses.ResultsYoung people had high recall and awareness of advertising, with most able to name at least one betting brand (n = 90, 81.1%), and many demonstrating a high awareness of the distinct characteristics (such as colors and appeal strategies) of different brands. A fifth of young people (n = 25, 22.5%) expressed intentions to gamble at 18 years, with boys significantly more likely than girls to state they would gamble (χ2 = 10.90,p = .001). Young people perceived that advertising strategies associated with inducement promotions would be the most influential in encouraging individuals to gamble. While many young people took promotions at face value, there was evidence that some were able to critically engage with and challenge the messages within marketing.Discussion and conclusionsCurrent regulatory structures appear to be ineffective in limiting young people’s recall and awareness of gambling advertising. Lessons from tobacco control support the application of precautionary approaches as a more effective way to limit young people’s development of positive gambling attitudes and behaviors.
Suicidal ideation and history of suicide attempts in treatment-seeking patients with gambling disorder: The role of emotion dysregulation and high trait impulsivity
Authors: Mallorquí-Bagué Núria , Mena-Moreno Teresa , Granero Roser , Vintró-Alcaraz Cristina , Sánchez-González Jéssica , Fernández-Aranda Fernando , Pino-Gutiérrez Amparo Del , Mestre-Bach Gemma , Aymamí Neus , Gómez-Peña Mónica , Menchón José M. , Jiménez-Murcia Susana 
Published: December 2018

Background and aims
Gambling disorder (GD) presents high rates of suicidality. The combined influences of emotion dysregulation and trait impulsivity are crucially important (albeit understudied) for developing strategies to treat GD and prevent suicide attempts. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between trait impulsivity, emotion dysregulation, and the dispositional use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies with suicidal ideation and psychopathological symptom severity in GD.

Methods
The sample composed of 249 patients with GD (166 with suicidal ideation) who underwent face-to-face clinical interviews and completed questionnaires to assess psychopathological symptoms, impulsive traits, and ER.

Results
Patients with GD who presented suicidal ideation were older and had a later age of GD onset and higher GD severity. Analyses of variance showed higher comorbid symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and trait impulsivity in patients with suicidal ideation. Still, no significant differences were found in the use of ER strategies. SEM analysis revealed that a worse psychopathological state directly predicted suicidal ideation and that both emotion dysregulation and GD severity indirectly increased the risk of suicidal ideation through this state. High trait impulsivity predicted GD severity. Finally, a history of suicide attempts was directly predicted by suicidal ideation.

Conclusions
Patients with GD are at risk of presenting suicidal behaviors. The results of this study revealed the importance of comorbid psychopathology in the occurrence of suicidal ideation and the indirect effect of trait impulsivity and emotion dysregulation on suicidality. Thus, suicidal rates in GD could possibly be reduced by specifically targeting these domains during treatment.
Allantoin improves histopathological evaluations in a rat model of gastritis
Authors: Eslami-farsani M , Moslehi A , Hatami-shahmir A 
Published: December 2018

Purpose
Gastritis is found to be one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases worldwide. However, current therapeutic agents cause side effects, interaction, and recurrence. Allantoin has anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. In this study, the therapeutic effect of allantoin has been assessed on the histopathological indices and gastric mucosal barrier of male rats.

Methods
Male rats were equally divided into control, ethanol-induced gastritis, and allantoin groups. The therapeutic groups consisted of gastritis plus 12.5 mg/kg allantoin, gastritis plus 25 mg/kg allantoin, and gastritis plus 50 mg/kg allantoin groups. After 5 days of allantoin administration, the rats were sacrificed and a part of their gastric tissue was maintained at −70 °C for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and non-protein sulfhydryl (NP-SH) measurements. Another part was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome.

Results
We found that Allantoin increased parietal and mucosal cell counts and mucosal thickness after gastritis induction. In addition, the number of leukocytes and vessels decreased in both of the mucosal and the submucosal layers. Allatoin improved gastric ulcer in all treatment groups. Gastric levels of PGE2 and NP-SH increased after allantoin treatment.

Conclusion
This study indicated that allantoin had a considerable effect on gastritis treatment, which seems to result from the reinforcement of gastric mucosal barrier.
Dacryocystorrhinostomia műtétek során eltávolított könnytömlőminták szövettani elemzése
Authors: Sohajda Zoltán , Hargitai Zoltán , Török Miklós , Nagy Tibor 
Published: December 2018

Abstract: Introduction: Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) has good results. Aim: To perform a prospective histological investigation of the removed lacrimal sacs’ walls. Method: Between 2016 and 2017, we carried out 21 operations in two groups: inflammatory (11 patients) and non-inflammatory (10 patients) lacrimation groups. The mean age was 60.5 years. Histological samples were investigated after staining them with hematoxylin-eosin. Results: In the non-inflammatory group, histology revealed the incipient metaplasia of the ciliated goblet cells. In the lacrimal sac’s wall, there is a chronic inflammation with mucinous metaplasia of the serous glands. In the inflammatory group, the metaplasia of the ciliated goblet cells is more pronounced. Chronic fibrotic inflammation destroys the lacrimal sac’s wall, which is dilated, ruptured. The mucinous metaplasia of the serous glands is pronounced. Conclusions: The results of histological investigations of the lacrimal sacs removed in the course of EDCR are much alike in the inflammatory and non- inflammatory groups. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(52): 2207–2211.
Ileum duplex: egy ritka elváltozás okozta differenciáldiagnosztikai kihívás
Authors: Simon Balázs , Berki István , Szabó Huba Zoltán , Virág Zsolt , Lukovich Péter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract: Gastrointestinal tract duplications (GSD) are rare congenital abnormalities. Eighty percent of GSDs are diagnosed before the age of two. These lesions can be seen anywhere from the oral cavity to the anus, but ileum is the most commonly affected site. Their clinical presentation is widely variable and unspecific, making the differential diagnosis really hard. Thus despite performing a long line of radiological scans, the diagnosis can be made during a surgery and by the pathologist. A 23-year-old female patient presented at the emergency room (ER) with abdominal cramps. Examinations revealed an unidentified intraabdominal mass. This could not been identified through the next years despite having tons of examinations: intravaginal and abdominal ultrasonographies, CT and MRI scans, colonoscopies, laparoscopies, surgical, gynecological and gastroenterological visits. Amongst the diagnoses were: ovarian cyst, bowel enlargement, Crohn’s disease. Due to the latter, she received therapy which temporarily eased her symptoms. But after these, because of abdominal pain, fever and an ultrasonography that showed an intramural abscess in her abdomen, she went through a surgery having an ileocecal resection. Pathological examination showed a duplication of the ileum that might have caused her symptoms all through the years. Despite facing this rare abnormality, it is important to keep this in mind in differentiating abdominal symptoms. It is true that in no case there could be a diagnosis made without surgery, it raises attention to the importance of precise medical history taking and also cooperation between specialties. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(52): 2217–2221.
Megújulás az alsó végtagi varicositas műtéti kezelésében
Authors: Bihari Imre 
Published: December 2018

Abstract: During the 20th century, continuous development of classic varicose vein surgery was carried out. From the beginning of the 21st century, however, new endovascular interventions were introduced. Compared to classic surgery, their main benefit is that no incision and dissection is necessary. Only catheters are used to scar the saphenous stems, which are introduced via punctures. Before and during the intervention, ultrasound is used. Laser surgery is the most popular option, and its outcomes have improved a lot with the introduction of laser crossectomy. Radiofrequency surgery is another intervention which is widely performed. A further heat ablation method is the steam operation. One newer technique is the cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive operation. The well-known practice of sclerotherapy has developed by turning the liquid sclerosant into foam, and by causing mechanical damage to the intimal layer of the vein. The new methods have fewer complications because these avoid incisions and dissections during the interventions. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(52): 2195–2201.
Bazı Bitki Ekstraklarının In Vitro Koşullarda Botrytis cinerea Pers.’ya Antifungal Aktivitesinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Kılınç Gamze Esin , Dolar F. Sara 
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmada, meyve ve sebzelerde hastalığa neden olan Botrytis cinerea’ ya karşı on bir
bitkiden elde edilen ekstraktların etkinliğinin laboratuvar koşullarında
araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmalarda Sarımsak (Allium sativum L.), Lahana (Brassica
oleracea var. capitata f. alba), Kırmızı Lahana (Brassica oleracea var. capitata
f. rubra), Rezene (Foeniculum vulgare), Kişniş (Coriandrum sativum L.), Zencefil (Zingiber officinale), Sumak (Rhus coriaria L.), Kırmızı Pancar (Beta vulgaris), Zeytin (Olea europaea L.), Ceviz (Juglans regia L.) ve Yapışkan otu (Galium aparine L.) bitkilerinden elde edilen ekstraktlar kullanılmıştır. Bu
bitkilerden etil alkol ile maserasyon yöntemiyle elde edilen ekstraktların
petride B. cinerea’ nın koloni
gelişmesine karşı etkilerine bakılarak; ümitvar bulunan ekstraktların daha sonra
alt doz denemeleri (1/1, 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5 oranlarında) yapılmıştır. Petri
denemelerinde engelleyici etkisi tespit edilen ekstraktların fungusun spor
çimlenmesi ve çim tüpü oluşumuna karşı etkileri de araştırılmıştır.

Çalışma sonucunda zencefil, ceviz, kırmızı lahana ve sumak
ekstraklarının fungusun koloni gelişimini sırasıyla % 69,52, %28.52, %20.96 ve
%15.17 oranında engelleyerek antifungal aktiviteye sahip oldukları tespit
edilmiştir. En yüksek etkiye sahip olan zencefil ekstraktının alt doz çalışmalarında
da 1/4 dozuna kadar etkinliğin devam ettiği gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, zencefil
ekstraktının spor çimlenmesini %75.45 ve çim tüpü oluşumunu %84.91 oranında
engellemesinin yanı sıra etmenin sporlarında çim tüplerinde kısalma ve
deformasyona neden olarak patojene
karşı en iyi etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Aile İlişkileri Ve Mutluluk Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: MERT Abdullah , KAHRAMAN Meliha 
Published: December 2018

Bu
çalışmada, ortaokul 6. ve 7. sınıf öğrencilerinin aile ilişkileri ve mutluluk
düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma
kapsamında, 2015-2016 eğitim öğretim yılında Uşak il merkezinde çeşitli
okullarda ortaokul eğitimine devam eden % 48’i (362 kız öğrenci) kadın ve %
52’si (385 erkek öğrenci) olmak üzere toplam 747 öğrenci değerlendirmeye
alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında, öğrencilerin aile ilişkilerine ilişkin veriler
için “Çocuklar İçin Aile İlişkileri Ölçeği” ve çocukların mutluluk düzeyleri
için “Okul Çocuklarının Mutluluk
Envanteri” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analiz işlemleri SPSS’in 20.0 paket
programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Mutluluk ve aile ilişkileri
arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olup olmadığına ilişkin korelasyon katsayılarına
bakılmıştır. Ayrıca destekleyici ve engelleyici aile ilişkilerinin, mutluluğu
ne derecede yordadığını belirlemek amacıyla aşamalı regresyon analizi
yapılmıştır. Mevcut araştırmanın bulguları ortaokul öğrencilerinin destekleyici
aile ilişkileri arttıkça mutluluk düzeylerinin de arttığını göstermektedir.
Elde edilen sonuçlar ilgili literatür kapsamında değerlendirilerek önerilerde
bulunulmuştur.
Effect of lower respiratory tract infections on peak expiratory flow rate in children admitted to Rajarajeshwari medical college hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Authors: Y. Sree Krishna , Banik Aditi , Hassan Muhammed 
Published: December 2018

Background: Peak expiratory flow rate is the simplest , cost effective and easily available test to assess the respiratory function. PEFR is measured by a peak expiratory flow meter. Measurement of PEFR is most commonly used for asthmatic patients. To evaluate the effect of lower respiratory tract infection on peak expiratory flow rate in children. Methods: PEFR were measured in eighty children suffering from LRTI by peak flow meter . Height and weight were measured. PEFR was compared with the normal charts. mean PEFR was calculated and predicted percentage of PEFR was calculated.Results: Mean PEFR in pneumonia , para pneumonic effusion, bronchiectasis, and bronchitis was 187.2 , 187.6, 171.85 and 173.1 respectively. Mean PEFR was maximally reduced in bronchiectasis and bronchitis. Mean PEFR was reduced in female children in comparison to males with LRTI. PEFR was decreased more in children with severe clinical presentation and with malnutrition.Conclusions: In this study , most common LRTI was pneumonia followed by parapneumonic effusion. PEFR was maximally reduced in bronchiectasis and bronchitis. Undernourished children were more affected.
A case of pediatric leukemia with multi drug resistant bacterial infections
Authors: Murugesan Saravanan , Rudrapathy Parthiban , Samuel Sajani 
Published: December 2018

Infections still remain a major cause of therapy-associated morbidity and mortality in pediatric cases with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Down syndrome (DS) children have an approximately 10-20 fold higher incidence of acute leukemia and approximately 150 fold increased risk of developing myeloid leukemia of DS (ML-DS). Multi-drug resistant (MDR-GNB) Gram-negative bacterial septicaemia is an emerging global challenge. Authors are reporting a 4 and half year old boy with diagnosis Acute Megakaryocytic Leukemia (AMKL) who developed septicaemia and diaper rash. MDR E. coli was isolated and he was treated with fosfomycin followed by colistin. The boy developed cardiac arrest with chest compression and expired.
MICROCONCEPT "CHILDREN" IN RUSSIAN AND UKRAINIAN PAROEMIOLOGICAL WORLD IMAGES
Authors: Marfina Z. V. 
Published: December 2018

The article features an introspective conceptual and semantic analysis of paroemias with anthroponyms children / child and their secondary nominations. The analysis included linguoculturological correspondence between the components of Ukrainian and Russian paroemiological world images, verbalizing the valueaxiological content of the microconcept children. A comparative study of the paroemiological world images in closely related languages (Ukrainian and Russian) in the microconcept children showed the predominance of similar conceptual and semantic directions for assessing the role of both parents and children and their environment, places of residence, reflection on family relationships, and differences in lexico-grammatical formalization. In Ukrainian paroemia with the microconcept children, the ethno-cultural component proved to be more obvious; an appeal to the subject associates of certain conductor concepts was revealed. In Russian, sacred associates predominated. There were inconsistencies in the verbalization of those or other moral principles that postulate paremean contexts of closely related languages. Both Russian and Ukrainian paroemiological world images conceptualized the basic oppositional (us – them, small – large, natives – relatives) and non-oppositional meaning to reflect the value-axiological content of the microconcept children. The basic frames of such paroemias are education, love, protection, support, and material and spiritual state of the family.
THE STATUS OF APPOSITION STRUCTURES IN THE MODERN GERMAN LANGUAGE
Authors: Muratova S. V. 
Published: December 2018

The research features the structures interpreted by many modern linguists as apposition. The spectrum of such structures is wide and varied. The identification of the relevant attributes of the category of apposition in the modern German language makes it possible to differentiate apposition from adjacent and similar syntactic formations. The main feature of apposition, which reflects their specificity, is the identical denotative correlation of the components. In the structural aspect, there are two models of apposition – free and connected ones. The main criteria for dividing apposition constructions into free and associated ones are the ability of the apposition group to expand and the intonational design, i.e. a merged or punctuated intonation. A separate version of the application fully meets the main feature of the apposition. An analysis of the structures attributable to the group of the associated application made it possible to narrow the group of apposition constructions. The author used the method of component elimination. The structural formula of a bound apposition (N-N in a monoflective) became the basis for the formation of structures with a different semantics from the apposition.
INSIGHT INTO THE LINGUISTIC HISTORY OF THE ETHNONYM "CHUKCHA"
Authors: Teikin M. S. 
Published: December 2018

Peoples of the North, though small-numbered, often obtain not one, but several names, which have the different frequency of use: they are self-names of specific groups and names given by their neighbours. The article deals with the evolution of the graphical depiction of the ethnonym Chukchi from the moment of its first appearance in documents of the mid-XVI century up to the final fixation of its spelling in the early XIX century’s legislation acts. The article also features the matter of regional Chukchi’s names and explains why the Russian language adopted this very ethnonym. The paper focuses on the peculiarities of the case inflection of the word Chukchi in the recent past. The author investigates the attempt to rename Chukchi to Luoravetlans, which the Soviet regime undertook in the pre-war period when many ethnonyms of the USSR peoples were changed, and explains why the new name did not take roots.