bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF ROUGNESS EFFECTS ON HYDERDYNMIC AND THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF COUNTER FLOW MICROCHANNEL HEAT EXCHANGER
Authors: Ali Ahmed A. , Hasan Mushtaq I. , Adnan Ghassan 
Published: February 2019

In this paper the effect of surface roughness on the performance of counter flow microchannel heat exchanger has been numerically investigated. The studied Microchannel heat exchanger is a square shape and made of aluminum as substrate material with different values of hydraulic diameters (20, 50, 110, 150 ) μm. The working fluid used is water at constant properties. Roughness- viscosity model has been used to study the roughness effect with 0.14 ratio of roughness to hydraulic diameter. The results obtained indicate that pressure drop of (CFMCHX) increased with increasing surface roughness and decrease hydraulic diameter also the results showed that there is a slight increasing in thermal performance with increasing the surface roughness.
Pengenalan Pola Emosi Manusia Berdasarkan Ucapan Menggunakan Ekstraksi Fitur Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC)
Authors: Helmiyah Siti , Fadlil Abdul , Yudhana Anton 
Published: February 2019

Human emotion recognition subject becomes important due to it's usability in daily lifestyle which requires human and computer interraction. Human emotion recognition is a complex problem due to the difference within custom tradition and specific dialect which exists on different ethnic, region and community. This problem also exacerbated due to objectivity assessment for the emotion is difficult since emotion happens unconsciously. This research conducts an experiment to discover pattern of emotion based on feature extracted from speech. Method used for feature extraction on this experiment is Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) which is a method that similar to the human hearing system. Dataset used on this experiment is Berlin Database of Emotional Speech (Emo-DB). Emotions that are used for this experiments are happiness, boredom, neutral, sad and anger. For each of these emotion, 3 samples from Emo-DB are taken as experimental subject. The emotion patterns are successfully visible using specific values for MFCC parameters such as 25 for frame duration, 10 for frame shift, 0.97 for preemphasis coefficient, 20 for filterbank channel and 12 for ceptral coefficients. MFCC features are then extracted and calculated to find mean values from these parameters. These mean values are then plotted based on timeframe graph to be investigated to find the specific pattern which appears from each emotion. Keywords— Emotion, Speech, Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC).
Shades of Sovereignty: Understanding Sovereignty in International Politics
Authors: Shah Apekshya 
Published: February 2019

Correction: On 29th June 2020, the author's name was changed from Apkeshya Shah TO Apekshya Shah.
This paper analyses the concept of Westphalian sovereignty and its practices among states, particularly in the bilateral relationship between Nepal and India. The notion of Westphalian sovereignty, basically a principle of non-intervention in the internal matters of other states, has been a contested concept since the beginning of its inception. Despite numerous international agreements, system-affecting and system-influencing countries have not refrained from meddling into the internal affairs of system-ineffectual states. Taking the issue of alleged Indian interference in Nepal's internal affairs into consideration, this paper examines levels and degrees of correction in accusations and assertions. And if it is correct then how can we understand it better. The first part of the paper discusses the conceptual frame of state sovereignty and its evolution over time. Then, the issue of the exercise of sovereignty is explored and, concurrently, the compromise of state sovereignty is also explained before analysing Nepal-India relations. Next, the Nepal-India relations are analysed.
VARIABILIDADE DA PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL E PRODUTIVIDADE DO MILHO NO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO ATRAVÉS DA ANÁLISE MULTIVARIADA
Authors: Lopes José Ricardo Ferreira , Dantas Milena Pereira , Ferreira Francisco Edson Paulo 
Published: February 2019

A produtividade de diversas culturas agrícolas é intensamente dependente da oferta pluvial, bem como de sua frequência e intensidade, por isso, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento espacial da precipitação e da produtividade do milho no semiárido brasileiro. Para isso foram utilizadas as técnicas da análise dos componentes principais (ACP) e a análise de correlação de Pearson das variáveis para o período de 1990 a 2014. Através dessas técnicas constatou-se a alta variabilidade dos dados em escala interanual, revelando as áreas mais propícias ao cultivo do milho, como também, as áreas com as menores produtividades e assim, mais afetadas pelo estresse hídrico. Na maior parte do território a produtividade do milho é inferior a 1000 kg ha-1. A variabilidade do rendimento do milho, nas últimas décadas, está intimamente relacionada com a variabilidade climática, haja vista que se trata de uma agricultura de subsistência e em sistema sequeiro. O efeito das chuvas sobre a produtividade do milho foi estatisticamente positivo, ou seja, na maior parte da região semiárida brasileira, a eficiência da produção do grão é dependente das precipitações pluviais locais.Palavras-chave: ACP, rendimento agrícola, Zea mays L. VARIABILITY OF RAINFALL AND YIELD OF MAIZE AT THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID THROUGH MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS ABSTRACT: The productivity of several agricultural crops is highly dependent on the rainfall supply, as well as their frequency and intensity. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the spatial behavior of maize precipitation and yield in the Brazilian semi-arid region. The main components analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation analysis of the variables for the period from 1990 to 2014 were used. Through these techniques, the high variability of the data on a year-to-year scale was verified, revealing the most important areas. Propitious to maize cultivation, as well as areas with the lowest yields and thus, more affected by water stress. In most of the territory corn yield is less than 1000 kg ha-1. The variability of maize yield in the last decades is closely related to climatic variability, since it is subsistence agriculture and a dry land system. The effect of rainfall on maize productivity was statistically positive, that is, in most of the Brazilian semi-arid region, grain production efficiency is dependent on local rainfall.Keywords: PCA, crop yield, Zea mays L.
DESSECAÇÃO QUÍMICA E RETARDAMENTO DE COLHEITA EM SOJA VISANDO À PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES
Authors: Barbosa Adriano Silveira , Pelúzio Joênes Mucci , Nascimento Ildon Rodrigues do , Fidelis Rodrigo Ribeiro , Sousa Sorane Moraes de 
Published: February 2019

Estudos sobre o efeito da dessecação e retardamento de colheita, nas qualidades das sementes de soja, são escassos em cultivos sob baixa latitude. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da aplicação de dessecante em soja, avaliando o retardamento da colheita em duas cultivares, observando as respostas fisiológicas, químicas e produtividade das sementes. No ano agrícola 2016/17, foi realizado experimento em Gurupi-TO, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos dispostos em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, alocados nas parcelas duas cultivares com tipos de crescimento diferentes (NA 8015 RR-indeterminado; M 8349 IPRO-determinado), nas subparcelas dois sistemas de manejo (com dessecação e testemunha) e nas subsubparcelas quatro épocas de colheita (R8, R8+7, R8+14, R8+21). O dessecante utilizado foi herbicida com princípio ativo paraquat, na dosagem recomendada para a soja (1,5 L ha-1), aplicado no estádio R7.2 da cultura. Após a colheita, as sementes foram submetidas aos testes de germinação em laboratório, emergência em campo, produtividade, teores de óleo e proteína dos grãos. Não houve efeito da dessecação química e do retardamento de colheita na composição química dos grãos. O retardamento da colheita afeta negativamente a germinação, emergência e produtividade das sementes. A cultivar M 8349 IPRO é mais tolerante ao retardamento de colheita.Palavras-chave: épocas de colheita, Glycine max, herbicida dessecante. CHEMICAL DETERMINATION AND DELAY OF HARVESTING IN SOYBEANS FOR SEED PRODUCTION ABSTRACT: Studies on the effect of desiccation and crop delay on the qualities of soybean seeds are scarce in crops under low latitude. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of desiccant in soybean, evaluating the delay of the harvest in two cultivars, observing the physiological, chemical and seed productivity responses. In the agricultural year 2016/17, an experiment was carried out in Gurupi-TO, a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a sub-split plots scheme, with two cultivars with different growth types (NA 8015 RR-undetermined; M 8349 IPRO-determined) in the subplots two management systems (with desiccation and control) and in sub-subplots four harvest times (R8, R8+7, R8+14, R8+21). The desiccant used was herbicide with paraquat active ingredient, at the recommended dosage for soybean (1.5 L ha-1), applied at the R7.2 stage of the crop. After the harvest, the seeds were submitted to germination tests in the laboratory, field emergence, yield, oil content and grain protein. There was no effect of chemical desiccation and crop delay on the chemical composition of the grains. Harvest delay negatively affects seed germination, emergence and yield. The cultivar M 8349 IPRO is more tolerant to crop delay.Keywords: harvest time, Glycine max, desiccant herbicide.
Cytogenetic Analysis of Down Syndrome
Authors: Kadakol G S , Bagoji Ishwar , Patil S V , Bulagouda R S 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Down syndrome is a common genetic disease, diagnosed with congenital malformation/mental retardation. Down syndrome occurs in all races & economic levels. It is caused by third copy of chromosome 21, there are there forms of DS. Simple Trisomy 21, Translocation Trisomy and Mosaic Trisomy. The aim of the study is to know cause of Down syndrome. Chromosomal analysis was carried out by G banding technique. Materials and Methods: 1 ml of peripheral blood samples were collected in Out Patient Department of pediatrics and Cytogenetic analysis was performed. Results: out of 28, 3 female cases, 2 male cases were Down syndrome, All the 5 cases were free trisomy 21, which is common type of Down syndrome; we have not identified Robertsonian translocation and mosaic type of DS. Conclusion: The present analysis shows that genetic risk factors are responsible for the incidence of Down syndrome.
Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy: Effect of Body Mass Index on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bergerot Paulo Gustavo , Bergerot Cristiane Decat , Philip Errol J. , Meza Luis , Dizman Nazli , Hsu JoAnn , Pal Sumanta Kumar 
Published: February 2019

Background: Previous research has identified an association between high body mass index (BMI) and better overall survival (OS) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (VEGF-TKIs). Objective: The current study sought to determine whether the effect of BMI on OS extends beyond VEGF-TKIs to mTOR inhibitors or immunotherapy (IO). Design, Setting and Participants: A retrospective study was conducted among patients diagnosed with mRCC treated at a single institution from 2009 to 2017. Demographic and clinical variables were collected. BMI was characterized as high (≥25 kg/m2) versus low (<25 kg/m2). Outcomes Measurement and Statistical Analysis: The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the difference in OS, with comparisons based on BMI and by treatment type. Results and Limitations: Among 353 patients ( M = 64 years old, 73% male) 66% were overweight or obese (BMI≥25 kg/m2). Patients were treated with VEGF-TKI (65%), mTOR (23%), or IO (12%). Among patients treated with VEGF-TKI with low BMI, median OS was 24.0 months (95% CI, 20.7–27.2) versus 36.0 months (95% CI, 18.6–53.3) among patients with high BMI ( P = 0.02). The median OS for patients with low BMI treated with mTOR was 18.0 months (95% CI, 2.8–33.1), versus 25.0 months (95% CI, 16.6–33.4) among patients with high BMI ( P = 0.04). In contrast, patients with low BMI treated with IO had a median OS of 23.6 months (95% CI, 17.5–29.7) versus 19.9 months (95% CI, 10.6–29.2) among patients with high BMI ( P = 0.26). The retrospective nature and the small sample size are the main limitations of this study. Conclusions: High-BMI was associated with improved OS in patients with mRCC treated with VEGF-TKI and mTOR, but the inverse trend was observed among patients receiving IO. Our data highlight the need to reassess this phenomenon in the context of IO-based regimens.
Anthropometric measures as biomarkers of neurodevelopmental outcomes of newborns with moderate to severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Preeti S. , Kadam A. , Kadam S. , Vaidya U. , Kumar P. , Bhagat I. , Pandit A. , Chouthai N.S. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND: Perinatal asphyxia is a prominent cause of neonatal mortality in the developing world. Growth in head circumference is associated with improved neurodevelopment. Previous studies found a positive correlation between additional dietary supplementation and growth in head circumference among newborns with perinatal brain injury. This study aims to evaluate the association between anthropometric parameters and developmental outcomes in newborns with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS: Newborns at ≥36 weeks gestation with moderate to severe HIE were included in the study and growth parameters were monitored. Newborns with life-threatening anomalies were excluded. None of the study participants received therapeutic hypothermia (TH). Developmental Assessment Scale for Indian Infants (DASII) was used to evaluate neurodevelopmental outcomes at 1 year of age. RESULTS: Of 76 study participants, 46 were followed for 12 months, 28 died, and 2 were lost to follow-up. HIE stage III, Apgar score <5 at 5 minutes of age, pH ≤ 7.1 on first blood gas and base deficit > – 16 was associated with death or disability at 1 year of age. All anthropometric parameters were significantly lower in presence of death or disability. pH ≤ 7.1 at birth (odds ratio: 11.835, 95% CI 2.273–61.629, p = 0.003) and weight gain at one year (odds ratio 1.001, 95% CI 1.000–1.002, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with death and disability. CONCLUSION: pH > 7.1 at birth, and weight gain were associated with better neurodevelopmental outcomes at 1 year of age. Thus, in addition to TH, nutritional interventions may potentially improve outcomes among newborns with HIE.
Stress during pregnancy affected neonatal outcomes and changed cortisol and leptin levels both in mothers and newborns
Authors: Rabiepoor S. , Abedi M. , Saboory E. , Khalkhali H.R. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to determine the effect of perceived stress during pregnancy on neonatal outcomes and cortisol and leptin levels in mothers and their newborns. METHODS: This longitudinal study was carried out on 110 pregnant women in Miandoab city, Iran. Mothers, who had singleton pregnancies and gestational age of 24 to 28 weeks, were included in the study. The participants were asked to fill out Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The mothers were then tracked in gestational ages of 28–32 weeks, 32–36 weeks, and the time of delivery. The maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were obtained during labor in order to measure leptin and cortisol levels. RESULTS: Umbilical cortisol level was significantly higher in newborns who had meconium stained amniotic fluid than those who did not. Maternal blood leptin levels at delivery were significantly higher in the mothers whose neonates had respiratory distress, low birth weight, low head circumference, low Apgar score, and were premature than those whose neonates did not have such problems. The level of leptin in umbilical cord blood was significantly higher in neonates who had respiratory distress than those who did not. The results also showed a significant correlation between maternal cortisol levels and PSS during weeks 24–28 and the entire pregnancy. A significant relationship was observed between umbilical leptin and maternal leptin levels. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that stress during pregnancy is accompanied by fetal distress. The probable reason for newborns distress may be related to increased maternal leptin levels.
Is a combination of progesterone and chloroquine more effective than either alone in the treatment of cerebral ischemic injury?
Authors: Qin Aiping , Zhang Qian , Wang Jun , Sayeed Iqbal , Stein Donald G. 
Published: February 2019

Background: In this proof-of-concept paper, we investigated whether combination treatment with progesterone (P4) and chloroquine (CQ) would reduce ischemic injury more effectively than either agent alone in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model in male rats. Methods: P4 (8 mg/kg) and CQ (25 mg/kg) were given alone or in combination beginning at different times during surgery and for 3 days post-occlusion. Locomotor activity and grip strength were evaluated as measures of impairment and recovery. Infarct size was assessed by TTC staining. Markers of autophagy (LC3 and SQSTM1/p62) and apoptosis (Bcl-2 and Bax) were evaluated with western blotting. Results: At the doses we employed, the combination was not more effective than either drug given separately on measures of grip strength or locomotor activity. However, combination therapy substantially reduced infarct size, and significantly increased Bcl-2 protein levels and suppressed Bax expression. Progesterone decreased the expression of LC3-II 24 h and SQSTM1/p62 after ischemia. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that combination therapy with P4 and CQ is not detrimental and has a small-to-moderate additive neuroprotective effect on ischemic injury in rats without substantively affecting behavioral outcomes. CQ and P4 may help to regulate the expression of both autophagy-related and apoptosis-related proteins.
MEDICAL ETHICS: AYURVEDIC VIEW POINT IN PURVIEW OF CHARAK SAMHITA
Authors: Sharma Dr Nidhi 
Published: February 2019

Ethics are the methods, policies, perspectives which decide a set of guidelines to act in a particular situation and for analyzing complex problem courses. The medical profession is governed by legislation and by code of ethics and etiquette. The ethical code in medicine has found their place from the very beginning. Ayurveda is the most ancient medical science. Charak Samhita is the one of the ancient authentic treatise of Ayurveda medicine. The code of ethics has been described on various places in the aforesaid text. The significance of ethical codes have increases manifold with the advent of time considering the shift of focus from serving mankind to financial benefits. The present paper deals with the review of medical ethics in Charak Samhita and analysis of their contemporary relevance.
Key words: Ayurveda, Ethics, Charak Samhita
Majaz dalam Novel al-Ajnihah al-Mutakassirah (Sayap-sayap Patah) Karya Khalil Gibran
Authors: Nursida Ida 
Published: February 2019

Karya sastra merupakan produk masyarakat dalam bidang kebudayaan. Sastra merupakan saksi budaya yang dapat terus dikembangkan. Kehadiran sastra di tengah perkembangan teknologi merupakan tantangan besar, di mana sastra harus dapat memberi jalan inspirasi buat kehidupan yang nyata. Sastra harus dapat memberi jalan lurus bagi kemanusiaaan. Selain itu, sastra pun dapat memberi jalan bagi manusia untuk memperoleh konsep kehidupan karena sastra memberi dan menyodorkan karya yang bernilai yang tidak sedikit mengandung makna kebenaran. Tokoh Penyair Cinta dan Novelis asal Libanon, Khalil Gibran melahirkan banyak karya yang menorehkan banyak inspirasi begitu indah bagi para pembacanya di seluruh belahan dunia. Bahasa nya yang indah dan pilihan diksi yag kuat pada novel dan puisinya benyak diteliti oleh peminat sastra, salah satunya novel al-Ajihah al-Mutakassiroh, yang di dalam nya terdapat banyak bahasa-bahasa bersayap yang dapat ditelisik secara semiotik dan bahasa figurative atau majaz isti’arah dalam pendekatan Stilistika Balaghiyah.
الشورى السياسية واستطلاعات الرأي العام
Authors: طوينة علي حسين 
Published: February 2019

تزداد أهمية أستطلاعات الرأي العام باضطراد .... ولاسيما في الحملات الأنتخابية ، يسلط البحث الضوء على جانب من الأنتخابات الأمريكية في مدد زمنية مختلفة ، ويستشهد بأقوال الخبراء والمعنيين في ذلك، ويستعرض البحث التطور الكبير الذي حصل في أستطلاعات الرأي وما يمكن أن يحدث لهذا العمل المهم في المستقبل .
عرض البحث لأنواع معينة من أستطلاعات الرأي ، وقسمها على وفق ما جاء به الخبراء في الولايات المتحدة
. وهذا التقسيم يبين أن الأستطلاعات من أكثر العمليات السياسية والأعلامية دقة ، وأن هناك أموالأً تبذل وشركات متخصصة في أقامة هذا النوع من قياس الرأي العام .
فما عاد أتخاذ القرار بالأشتراك بالأنتخابات مثلاً أو بأعداد خطة لقيادة البلاد بالأمر السهل أو المستعجل ، لابد من اللجوء الى الشركات ، وهي شركات كبرى عادةً، تقيس حقيقة ما يريده الرأي العام ، لكن مثل هذا القياس ليس مضموناً دائماً ..... فالناخب مثلاً قد يغير قراره من مدة لأخرى أو قد لايدلي برأيه الحقيقي، لأسباب مختلفة . وأن هذا التقلب في الآراء ، يعد مشكلة للذين يريدون التوصل الى الدقة العلمية في قياس الرأي العام .
لقد ظهرت الأستطلاعات العلمية في عام 1960 كاختصاص استشاري خطير، يستفيد منه المرشحون على كل المستويات .
أن الأستطلاعات المعاصرة مبنية على مبدأ العينة العشوائية ، أن عينة عشوائية جيدة بأمكانها أعطاء الفرصة لكل فرد ، من الجماعة ، أن يكون ممثلاً فيها بشكلٍ متساوٍ(.....) ومن أجل تحقيق هامش الخطأ، ينبغي أن نزيد حجم العينة، ولكننا عندما نزيد حجم العينة ستزيد الكلفة . فاذاً نحن زدنا حجم العينة وجعلناها مكونة من ألفي شخص ، فأننا نكون قد زدنا تكاليف الحملة بشكلٍ كبير وخفضنا هامش الخطأ بمقدار 1%.
أخيراً نشير الى العلاقة بين مستشاري الأستطلاع والجهات التي تكلفهم بالعمل لصالحها، إن المهنية تقتضي من المستشار أن يعمل لصالح جهة سياسية معينة ، ولا يمكن أن يعمل بارتياح مع حزبين باتجاهين مختلفين ، إنهم لايعملون من أجل لقمة العيش فقط ، وأنما هم يريدون أنتخاب اولئك الذين يشاركون في الأتجاه نفسه.
يقول مستطلع الرأي (آلان سكريست ) إن استطلاعات الرأي العام هي أفضل مجال يمكن أن تستثمر فيه الموارد المحدودة للحملة الانتخابية .... في الحملات المعاصرة تقدم لنا الاستطلاعات تغذية مرتدة تختلف عن تلك التي نحصل عليها كردود على الرسائل التي نبثها اذ ان التغذية المرتدة التي نحصل عليها من الاستطلاعات اذا ما خططت ونفذت بشكل جيد أن تزودنا بمعلومات دقيقة يمكن اعتمادها في اتخاذ قرارات جريئة تؤثر تأثيراً كبيراً على الحملة(1) ولهذا السبب يرى مستطلع الرأي ( فرانك لوتس) أن الاستطلاعات امر لامفر منه وحاجة لا غنى عنها في الحملات السياسية الحديثة (2).