bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the dependence between global precipitation and temperature from observations and model simulations
Authors: Hao Zengchao , Phillips Thomas J. , Hao Fanghua , Wu Xinying 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPrecipitation and temperature are physically related to each other with significant dependences that vary with seasons at regional and global scales. The dependence between precipitation and temperature (P–T dependence) plays a central role in characterizing the joint behaviour of the two variables. Along with extensive studies on the variation in the mean, variance, or extremes of precipitation and temperature under global warming, it is of particular interest to understand the climate‐change impacts on the covariability of precipitation and temperature. The aim of this study therefore is to assess climate change impacts on the P–T dependence over global land areas from observations, and the performance of the current‐generation Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) models in simulating these patterns. In general, the CMIP5 models correctly simulate the overall pattern of the P–T dependence (around 87–94% of global land areas). However, they capture both the sign and change of P–T dependence for relatively small regions (around 41–47% of global land areas). Results from this study may provide useful insights for the future development of climate models.
Recent intensification of short‐term concurrent hot and dry extremes over the Pearl River basin, China
Authors: Zhang Haoyue , Wu Chuanhao , Hu Bill X. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOngoing climate warming is largely affecting the frequency and magnitude of short‐term climatic extremes in many regions of the world, causing significant damage to the environment and society. Here, based on the long‐term (1980–2010) meteorological observations and reanalysis products, we investigated the spatio‐temporal evolutions of short‐term concurrent hot and dry extreme (SCHDE) events over the Pearl River basin, a typical humid and subtropical basin in southern China. We also explored the physical mechanisms of SCHDE and its relationship with a series of hydrometeorological variables and large‐scale climate indices. The results indicate an intensification of SCHDE over the study basin during the study period, especially for the period 1997–2010. SCHDE occurs mostly in the northeastern and western regions and shows a statistically significant increasing trend mainly in the midwestern and southeast regions, which is mainly associated with an increased temperature (Tair), drying trend in soil moisture (SM), and a sharp increasing trend in evapotranspiration (ET). The contribution of Tair variability to the SCHDE variability is largest (57.27%), followed by SM (28.43%) and ET (14.30%). In addition to Tair, SM deficit before the onset also plays an important role in the SCHDE occurrence. Furthermore, the SCHDE variability tends to be more sensitive to the SM deficits in the high‐altitude areas than in the low‐altitude areas. Besides, wavelet transform analysis results indicate that the cold phase of ENSO tends to trigger a higher risk of SCHDE events, while El Niño Modoki events have different influences on the variations of SCHDE during different warm/cold phases over the Pearl River basin.
Linkage analysis of tourism‐related sectors in China: An assessment based on network analysis technique
Authors: Zha Jianping , Shao Yuhong , Li Zhiyong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBased on China's Input–Output Tables of 2002, 2007, and 2012, this paper employs a network analysis technique to evaluate the roles, positions, and evolution of tourism‐related sectors in industrial networks. The results revealed that China's tourism industrial network has loose density. The tourism‐related sectors have limited backward linkage effects and play limited intermediary roles in resource flows with regard to the rest of the economy, and the linkage strengths vary by sector. The sectors that occupy the same roles and positions as the tourism‐related sectors are concentrated in tertiary sectors. The service‐economy features of tourism‐related sectors are increasingly significant.
Is the trophic diversity of marine benthic consumers decoupled from taxonomic and functional trait diversity? Isotopic niches of Arctic communities
Authors: Włodarska‐Kowalczuk Maria , Aune Magnus , Michel Loïc N. , Zaborska Agata , Legeżyńska Joanna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt is predicted that a diverse array of functional traits in species‐rich assemblages can lead to strong resource partitioning among coexisting species and moderate a wider spectrum of resource use. We compared two benthic communities in an Arctic fjord: a species‐rich community (in an outer basin) and an impoverished community (in a glacially impacted bay) and explored (1) if high species richness was translated into high functional trait richness and (2) if high taxonomic and functional diversity promoted high trophic diversity in terms of resource use (indicated by isotopic niche measures). We documented higher functional trait richness in the outer basin (computed based on traits describing feeding mode, mobility, food source, body size and life habit), but the area occupied by consumers in the δ15N vs. δ13C iso‐space (a proxy for total trophic resource use) did not differ between the two sites. A wide array of functional traits used to acquire food may extend the benthic community trophic niche spatially (where and how animals forage) without impacting the isotopic niche breadth (in this system, mostly reflecting “what animals feed on”) due to the relatively homogenous distribution of isotopic characteristics of detritus pool across vertical scales in marine sediments. Moreover, this trend could indicate that a species‐poor community tends to exploit all the available food items, possibly due to the low food availability for primary consumers in a glacially impacted environment. Communities in glacial bays could therefore be particularly sensitive to future changes in glacial inputs and associated organic matter fluxes.
Emulsion Techniques for the Production of Pharmacological Nanoparticles
Authors: Jenjob Ratchapol , Phakkeeree Treethip , Seidi Farzad , Theerasilp Man , Crespy Daniel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNanoparticles have the advantages over micron‐sized particles to typically provide higher intracellular uptake and drug bioavailability. Emulsion techniques are commonly used methods for producing nanoparticles aiming at high encapsulation efficiency, high stability, and low toxicity. Here, the recent developments of nanoparticles prepared from emulsions, the synthesis of nanoparticles, their physicochemical properties, and their biomedical applications are discussed. Selection of techniques, such as emulsion polymerization, miniemulsion polymerization, microemulsion polymerization, and emulsion‐solvent evaporation processes, strongly influences morphologies, size distributions, and particle properties. Details in the synthetic strategies governing the performance of nanoparticles in bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery are presented. Benefits and limitations of molecular imaging techniques are also discussed.
Differential tissue expression of extracellular vesicle‐derived proteins in prostate cancer
Authors: Duijvesz Diederick , Rodriguez‐Blanco Giovanny , Hoogland A. Marije , Verhoef Esther I. , Dekker Lennard J. , Roobol Monique J. , van Leenders Geert J. L. H. , Luider Theo M. , Jenster Guido 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundProteomic profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from prostate cancer (PCa) and normal prostate cell lines, led to the identification of new candidate PCa markers. These proteins included the nuclear exportin proteins XPO1 (also known as CRM1), the EV‐associated PDCD6IP (also known as ALIX), and the previously published fatty acid synthase FASN. In this study, we investigated differences in expression of XPO1 and PDCD6IP on well‐characterized prostate cancer cohorts using mass spectrometry and tissue microarray (TMA) immunohistochemistry to determine their diagnostic and prognostic value.MethodsProtein fractions from 67 tissue samples (n = 33 normal adjacent prostate [NAP] and n = 34 PCa) were analyzed by mass spectrometry (nano‐LC‐MS‐MS). Label‐free quantification of EVs was performed to identify differentially expressed proteins between PCa and NAP. Prognostic evaluation of the candidate markers was performed with a TMA, containing 481 radical prostatectomy samples. Samples were stained for the candidate markers and correlated with patient information and clinicopathological outcome.ResultsXPO1 was higher expressed in PCa compared to NAP in the MS data analysis (P > 0.0001). PDCD6IP was not significantly higher expressed (P = 0.0501). High cytoplasmic XPO1 staining in the TMA immunohistochemistry, correlated in a multivariable model with high Gleason scores (P = 0.002) and PCa‐related death (P = 0.009).ConclusionHigh expression of cytoplasmic XPO1 shows correlation with prostate cancer and has added clinical value in tissue samples. Furthermore, as an extracellular vesicles‐associated protein, it might be a novel relevant liquid biomarker.
Zonotopic fault detection observer for linear parameter‐varying descriptor systems
Authors: Li Jitao , Wang Zhenhua , Shen Yi , Rodrigues Mickael 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThis paper studies zonotopic fault detection observer design for a class of linear parameter‐varying descriptor systems. The disturbance and measurement noise are unknown but can be bounded by zonotopes. A zonotopic method is presented to estimate the envelope of residual. To attenuate the effect of disturbance and measurement noise, a zonotopic size optimization criterion is implemented based on P‐radius. To improve the fault detection performance, a finite‐frequency H_ index is introduced based on the generalized Kalman‐Yakubovich‐Popov lemma. Simulation examples of a mass‐spring and a direct‐current motor are utilized to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
Hydropeaking effects on movement patterns of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.)
Authors: Rocaspana Rafel , Aparicio Enric , Palau‐Ibars Antoni , Guillem Roger , Alcaraz Carles 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRadiotelemetry was used to investigate seasonal movement and home range of brown trout Salmo trutta (size range 188–420 mm fork length, N = 30) in two reaches of the Noguera Pallaresa River (Ebro Basin, north‐east Spain) subjected to different flow regulation schemes. NP‐1 reach is a bypassed section with near natural flow conditions, whereas the downstream reach NP‐2 is subjected to daily pulsed flow discharge (i.e., hydropeaking) from an upstream hydropower station. Significant differences in home range size (95% kernel estimates) and seasonal movement pattern between study reaches were found. Mean home range size was (μ ± SE) 112.1 ± 11.5 m in the bypassed reach NP‐1 and increased significantly in the hydropeaking reach NP‐2 up to 237.9 ± 37.2 m. There was a large individual variability in fish home range size within reaches. Most of the seasonal differences in fish movement among reaches were associated with the spawning season. Pulsed discharge events in NP‐2 during daytime in summer (lasting about 3 hr and increasing water flow from 1 to 20 m3/s) did not cause significant displacements in either upstream or downstream direction during the duration of the event. Our results highlight the importance of habitat connectivity in hydropeaking streams due to the need of brown trout to move large distances among complementary habitats, necessary to complete their life cycle, compared with unregulated or more stable streams.
Create Nanoscale Patterns with DNA Origami
Authors: Fan Sisi , Wang Dongfang , Kenaan Ahmad , Cheng Jin , Cui Daxiang , Song Jie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStructural deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanotechnology offers a robust platform for diverse nanoscale shapes that can be used in various applications. Among a wide variety of DNA assembly strategies, DNA origami is the most robust one in constructing custom nanoshapes and exquisite patterns. In this account, the static structural and functional patterns assembled on DNA origami are reviewed, as well as the reconfigurable assembled architectures regulated through dynamic DNA nanotechnology. The fast progress of dynamic DNA origami nanotechnology facilitates the construction of reconfigurable patterns, which can further be used in many applications such as optical/plasmonic sensors, nanophotonic devices, and nanorobotics for numerous different tasks.
Strongly Coupled Pyridine‐V2O5·nH2O Nanowires with Intercalation Pseudocapacitance and Stabilized Layer for High Energy Sodium Ion Capacitors
Authors: Dong Jun , Jiang Yalong , Wei Qiulong , Tan Shuangshuang , Xu Yanan , Zhang Guobin , Liao Xiaobin , Yang Wei , Li Qidong , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDeveloping pseudocapacitive cathodes for sodium ion capacitors (SICs) is very significant for enhancing energy density of SICs. Vanadium oxides cathodes with pseudocapacitive behavior are able to offer high capacity. However, the capacity fading caused by the irreversible collapse of layer structure remains a major issue. Herein, based on the Acid–Base Proton theory, a strongly coupled layered pyridine‐V2O5·nH2O nanowires cathode is reported for highly efficient sodium ion storage. By density functional theory calculations, in situ X‐ray diffraction, and ex situ Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, a strong interaction between protonated pyridine and VO group is confirmed and stable during cycling. The pyridine‐V2O5·nH2O nanowires deliver long‐term cyclability (over 3000 cycles), large pseudocapacitive behavior (78% capacitive contribution at 1 mV s−1) and outstanding rate capability. The assembled pyridine‐V2O5·nH2O//graphitic mesocarbon microbead SIC delivers high energy density of ≈96 Wh kg−1 (at 59 W kg−1) and power density of 14 kW kg−1 (at 37.5 Wh kg−1). The present work highlights the strategy of realizing strong interaction in the interlayer of V2O5·nH2O to enhance the electrochemical performance of vanadium oxides cathodes. The strategy could be extended for improving the electrochemical performance of other layered materials.
Enhanced Photodetection Properties of Tellurium@Selenium Roll‐to‐Roll Nanotube Heterojunctions
Authors: Huang Weichun , Zhang Ye , You Qi , Huang Pu , Wang Yunzheng , Huang Ziyin N. , Ge Yanqi , Wu Leiming , Dong Zhijun , Dai Xiaoyu , Xiang Yuanjiang , Li Jianqing , Zhang Xiuwen , Zhang Han 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNon‐layered tellurium (Te) is a promising material for applications in transistor and optoelectronic devices for its advantages in excellent intrinsic electronic and optoelectronic properties. However, the poor photodetection performance and relatively uncertain stability of tellurene under ambient conditions greatly limit the practical applications. In order to improve the performance of tellurene‐based materials, Te@Se roll‐to‐roll nanotubes with different selenium (Se) contents synthesized by epitaxial growth of Se on Te nanotubes are, for the first time, employed to fabricate working electrodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC)‐type broadband photodetection. They exhibit not only a preferably enhanced capacity for self‐powered broadband photodetection but also significantly improved photocurrent density and stability in various aqueous environments (HCl, NaCl, and KOH solutions), compared to tellurene‐based photodetectors. It is anticipated that the present work can open up new possibilities for high‐performance tellurene‐based optoelectronic devices.
Ir‐Based Alloy Nanoflowers with Optimized Hydrogen Binding Energy as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Lv Fan , Zhang Weiyu , Yang Wenxiu , Feng Jianrui , Wang Kai , Zhou Jinhui , Zhou Peng , Guo Shaojun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractHydrogen production through proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE) requires more active and stable electrocatalysts in acidic media. Herein, a class of Ir‐based alloys is reported with flower‐like structure as excellent electrocatalysts both for hydrogen and oxygen generation in acid. Specially, the IrNi alloy nanoflowers (IrNi NFs) present the best hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, revealed by a low Tafel slope and overpotential at current density of 10 mA cm−2, exceeding the commercial Pt/C. It is discovered that alloying Ir with Ni can decrease the hydrogen binding energy (HBE) of Ir metal, resulting in almost 2.5 times increase in the HER intrinsic activity of IrNi NFs than Ir NFs. The IrNi NFs catalyst is also highly efficient in oxygen evolution reaction with mass activity of 379 A g−1 Ir at 1.51 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Furthermore, the overall water‐splitting devices using the IrNi NFs as catalysts for both cathode and anode show a low cell voltage of 1.60 V at 10 mA cm−2 and long‐term stability within 1000 cycles. This work uncovers that HBE optimization is the key of enhancing HER activity on Ir‐based alloys and these Ir‐based NFs hold great promise in future application in the PEMWE.
Nanopore Formation via Tip‐Controlled Local Breakdown Using an Atomic Force Microscope
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Miyahara Yoichi , Derriche Nassim , Yang Wayne , Yazda Khadija , Capaldi Xavier , Liu Zezhou , Grutter Peter , Reisner Walter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe dielectric breakdown approach for forming nanopores has greatly accelerated the pace of research in solid‐state nanopore sensing, enabling inexpensive formation of nanopores via a bench top setup. Here the potential of tip‐controlled local breakdown (TCLB) to fabricate pores 100× faster, with high scalability and nanometer positioning precision using an atomic force microscope (AFM) is demonstrated. A conductive AFM tip is brought into contact with a silicon nitride membrane positioned above an electrolyte reservoir. Application of a voltage pulse at the tip leads to the formation of a single nanoscale pore. Pores are formed precisely at the tip position with a complete suppression of multiple pore formation. In addition, the approach greatly accelerates the electric breakdown process, leading to an average pore fabrication time on the order of 10 ms, at least two orders of magnitude shorter than achieved by classic dielectric breakdown approaches. With this fast pore writing speed over 300 pores can be fabricated in half an hour on the same membrane.
Scientific Practice and the Epistemology of Governing Laws
Authors: HILDEBRAND TYLER 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article is concerned with the relationship between scientific practice and the metaphysics of laws of nature and natural properties. I begin by examining an argument by Michael Townsen Hicks and Jonathan Schaffer (‘Derivative Properties in Fundamental Laws,’British Journal for the Philosophy of Science2017) that an important feature of scientific practice—namely, that scientists sometimes invoke non-fundamental properties in fundamental laws—is incompatible with metaphysical theories according to which laws govern. I respond to their argument by developing an epistemology for governing laws that is grounded in scientific practice. This epistemology is of general interest for non-Humean theories of laws, for it helps to explain our epistemic access to non-Humean theoretical entities such as governing laws or fundamental powers.
Letting Nature Swallow the Past: Politics, Memory, and Abandoned Monuments in Postwar Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Dougherty Beth K. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDuring the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the built physical landscape and places of cultural heritage were deliberately targeted and destroyed as part of the strategy of ethnic cleansing. The 1995 Dayton Peace Agreement recognized the potential for cultural heritage to contribute to postwar reconciliation and rebuilding; Annex 8 established a commission to preserve national monuments. This paper examines the politics of cultural heritage in post-Dayton Bosnia and the ways in which it has been (ab)used to propagate a narrow, exclusivist identity. It focuses on the struggles to control the Commission to Preserve National Monuments as well as the fates of two monuments in particular—Vraca Memorial Park and the Partisans’ Memorial Cemetery—whose abandonment signifies the wider struggles over memory and identity in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Reading the Present Through the Past: The Roma in Postwar Kosovo
Authors: Sula-Raxhimi Enkelejda 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between memory, political violence, and identity among the Roma minorities in Kosovo. In the aftermath of the 1998–1999 conflict in Kosovo, countless Roma were forced to escape Albanian retaliation, accused of being Serb collaborators. Many had to resettle in enclaves near Fushë Kosovë on the outskirts of Kosovo’s capital Prishtina, others left for Serbian-controlled northern Kosovo or to neighboring countries or to Western Europe. Through an ethnographic investigation with displaced Roma families around Prishtina and in Prizren, the article examines how the communities mobilize collective memories of the violent past to adapt to a new political situation, find their place, and navigate their present within Kosovo’s social, economic, and political landscape. It shows that the past is a constant reminder of compromised loyalties toward the majority group, which in turn dictates their (non)relations. Roma voices and narratives about the violent past are not part of the dominant and official discourse; they are counter-memories, telling a story that is silenced and unrecognized by the majority.
Longing for Lost Normalcy: Social Memory, Transitional Justice, and the ‘House Museum’ to Missing Persons in Kosovo
Authors: Schwandner-Sievers Stephanie , Klinkner Melanie 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn spring 1999, amidst a wider ethnic cleansing campaign, Serb police forces abducted Ferdonije Qerkezi’s husband and four sons, who were never to be seen alive again. She subsequently transformed her private house into a memorial to the lost normalcy of her entire social world. We trace this memorialization process; her struggle for recognition; her transformation into an iconic mother of the nation and her activism, both for missing persons and against the internationally-driven Serb-Albanian normalization process in Kosovo. From a multi-disciplinary perspective, we critically reflect on the theoretical concept of “normative divergence” in intervention studies. We are guided by social anthropological (including immersive, historical-ethnographic, and semantic) analysis of the core tropes of social memory as both narratively and materially embodied by the House Museum. In systematically juxtaposing these to the normative transitional justice principles of truth, justice, non-recurrence, and reparations, and the overarching international intervention goal of reconciliation, we critically interrogate normative divergence per se. The ethnographic “thick description” of this case study—cognizant of context contingency, victims’ agency and experience, cultural change, and social transformation—points to divergent meanings of these principles as resulting directly from the political and institutional failure to provide key transitional justice goals.