bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N-Phenylquinazolin-2-amine Yhhu4952 as a novel promotor for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination
Authors: Yu Xueli , Cheng Gang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yu , Wang Qing , Zhao Mengxue , Zeng Limin , Hu Youhong , Feng Linyin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOligodendrocytes are a type of glial cells that ensheath multiple neuronal axons and form myelin. Under pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory damage to myelin and oligodendrocytes leads to demyelination. Although the demyelinated regions can partially resolve functional deficits through remyelination, however, as the disease progresses, remyelination typically becomes incomplete and ultimately fails. One possible explanation for this failure is the activation of the Notch pathway in MS lesions, which impedes oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) at maturation. This leads to a potential target for remyelination. Here, we have identified a compound Yhhu4952 that promoted the maturation of cultured OPCs in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Neonatal rats showed a significant increase in the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the prevalence of mature oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum after Yhhu4952 treatment. The compound was also effective in promoting remyelination in cuprizone-induced demyelination model and improving severity scores in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model. Mechanism studies revealed that Yhhu4952 promotes OPC differentiation through the inhibition of the Jagged1-Notch1 pathway. These findings suggest Yhhu4952 is potentially useful for proceeding oligodendrocyte differentiation and remyelination.
Green microalgae in marine coastal waters: The Ocean Sampling Day (OSD) dataset
Authors: Tragin Margot , Vaulot Daniel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe ecology and distribution of green phytoplankton (Chlorophyta) in the ocean is poorly known because most studies have focused on groups with large cell size such as diatoms or dinoflagellates that are easily recognized by traditional techniques such as microscopy. The Ocean Sampling Day (OSD) project sampled surface waters quasi-simultaneously at 141 marine locations, mostly in coastal waters. The analysis of the 18S V4 region OSD metabarcoding dataset reveals that Chlorophyta are ubiquitous and can be locally dominant in coastal waters. Chlorophyta represented 29% of the global photosynthetic reads (Dinoflagellates excluded) and their contribution was especially high at oligotrophic stations (up to 94%) and along the European Atlantic coast. Mamiellophyceae dominated most coastal stations. At some coastal stations, they were replaced by Chlorodendrophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae or Chlorophyceae as the dominating group, while oligotrophic stations were dominated either by Chloropicophyceae or the uncultured prasinophytes clade IX. Several Chlorophyta classes showed preferences in terms of nitrate concentration, distance to the coast, temperature and salinity. For example, Chlorophyceae preferred cold and low salinity coastal waters, and prasinophytes clade IX warm, high salinity, oligotrophic oceanic waters.
Thiophene-based porous organic networks for volatile iodine capture and effectively detection of mercury ion
Authors: Liu Minghan , Yao Chan , Liu Chunbo , Xu Yanhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA series of conjugated microporous polymers containing thiophene-moieties (SCMP-COOH@1-3) was obtained by a homo-coupling polymerization reaction. Then the SCMP-COOH@1-3 were directly pyrolyzed without any templates to synthesize the porous carbon networks, named as SCMP-600@1, 2 and 3. SCMP-600@1-3 possess moderate BET surface area of 362–642 m2 g−1, have a permanent porous structure and plenty of sulfur and oxygen units in the skeletons as effective sorption sites, and display a high absorption performance for iodine vapour with an uptake up to 204 wt.%. In addition, SCMP-COOH@1-3 polymers can be used to effectively detect mercury ion from ethanol-water solution. Interestingly, under the same concentration of Hg2+ conditions, the detection ability of mercury ion of porous materials increased with the increase of the pore volumes and the specific surface.
Ag+ doped into azo-linked conjugated microporous polymer for volatile iodine capture and detection of heavy metal ions
Authors: Liu Minghan , Yao Chan , Liu Chunbo , Xu Yanhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe herein report the construction of a novel azo-linked conjugated microporous polymers (Ag@AzoTPE-CMP), which possesses permanent porous structure and Ag+ loading up of 7.62% in the skeleton as effective sorption sites. Ag@AzoTPE-CMP shows considerable adsorption capacity of iodine of 202 wt% in iodine vapor at 350 K. In addition, Ag@AzoTPE-CMP can effectively remove heavy ions from ethanol-water solution.
Laser surface structuring of diamond with ultrashort Bessel beams
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Eaton Shane M. , Bollani Monica , Sotillo Belén , Chiappini Andrea , Ferrari Maurizio , Ramponi Roberta , Di Trapani Paolo , Jedrkiewicz Ottavia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe investigate the effect of ultrafast laser surface machining on a monocrystalline synthetic diamond sample by means of pulsed Bessel beams. We discuss the differences of the trench-like microstructures generated in various experimental conditions, by varying the beam cone angle, the energy and pulse duration, and we present a brief comparison of the results with those obtained with the same technique on a sapphire sample. In diamond, we obtain V-shaped trenches whose surface width varies with the cone angle, and which are featured by micrometer sized channels having depths in the range of 10–20 μm. By laser writing crossed trenches we are also able to create and tailor on the diamond surface pillar-like or tip-like microstructures potentially interesting for large surface functionalization, cells capturing and biosensing.
MicroRNA-194-5p Levels Decrease during Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest
Authors: Wang Xiaohua , You Zerong , Zhao Guoguang , Wang Tianlong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHypothermia has been reported to be effective in protecting the brain in various clinical conditions, including resuscitation after cardiac arrest and complex cardiovascular surgery, and is considered to be a promising therapy for stroke. The present study aimed to confirm the pivotal role that miRNA-194-5p plays in deep hypothermia circulation arrest. On the basis of reductions in expression of miR-194-5p in the circulation of 21 aortic dissection patients who underwent deep hypothermia circulatory arrest, the specific expression, target, and function of miR-194-5p was investigated using primary neuron culture, polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and flow cytometry methods. Our results showed that miR-194-5p expression was significantly downregulated in hypothermia oxygen glucose deprivation-treated neurons in vitro. Cortical neurons transfected with miR-194-5p mimic exhibited increased death due to oxygen-glucose deprivation. MiR-194-5p mediated the regulation of neuronal death, which involves the downregulation of the specific target protein SUMO2, which is crucial to ischemia tolerance. Collectively, these data highlight the unique role of miR-194-5p in mediating the deep hypothermia circulation arrest response via the regulation of SUMO2. These findings suggest that miR-194-5p could be a potential therapeutic target for intervention in ischemic disease.
Pretreatment Identification of Head and Neck Cancer Nodal Metastasis and Extranodal Extension Using Deep Learning Neural Networks
Authors: Kann Benjamin H. , Aneja Sanjay , Loganadane Gokoulakrichenane V. , Kelly Jacqueline R. , Smith Stephen M. , Decker Roy H. , Yu James B. , Park Henry S. , Yarbrough Wendell G. , Malhotra Ajay , Burtness Barbara A. , Husain Zain A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIdentification of nodal metastasis and tumor extranodal extension (ENE) is crucial for head and neck cancer management, but currently only can be diagnosed via postoperative pathology. Pretreatment, radiographic identification of ENE, in particular, has proven extremely difficult for clinicians, but would be greatly influential in guiding patient management. Here, we show that a deep learning convolutional neural network can be trained to identify nodal metastasis and ENE with excellent performance that surpasses what human clinicians have historically achieved. We trained a 3-dimensional convolutional neural network using a dataset of 2,875 CT-segmented lymph node samples with correlating pathology labels, cross-validated and fine-tuned on 124 samples, and conducted testing on a blinded test set of 131 samples. On the blinded test set, the model predicted ENE and nodal metastasis each with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.91 (95%CI: 0.85–0.97). The model has the potential for use as a clinical decision-making tool to help guide head and neck cancer patient management.
Using a Classifier Fusion Strategy to Identify Anti-angiogenic Peptides
Authors: Zhang Lina , Yang Runtao , Zhang Chengjin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnti-angiogenic peptides perform distinct physiological functions and potential therapies for angiogenesis-related diseases. Accurate identification of anti-angiogenic peptides may provide significant clues to understand the essential angiogenic homeostasis within tissues and develop antineoplastic therapies. In this study, an ensemble predictor is proposed for anti-angiogenic peptide prediction by fusing an individual classifier with the best sensitivity and another individual one with the best specificity. We investigate predictive capabilities of various feature spaces with respect to the corresponding optimal individual classifiers and ensemble classifiers. The accuracy and Matthew’s Correlation Coefficient (MCC) of the ensemble classifier trained by Bi-profile Bayes (BpB) features are 0.822 and 0.649, respectively, which represents the highest prediction results among the investigated prediction models. Discriminative features are obtained from BpB using the Relief algorithm followed by the Incremental Feature Selection (IFS) method. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and MCC of the ensemble classifier trained by the discriminative features reach up to 0.776, 0.888, 0.832, and 0.668, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is far superior to the previous study for anti-angiogenic peptide prediction.
Overexpression of an auxin receptor OsAFB6 significantly enhanced grain yield by increasing cytokinin and decreasing auxin concentrations in rice panicle
Authors: He Qin , Yang Lin , Hu Wei , Zhang Jia , Xing Yongzhong 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAuxin plays critical roles in many developmental processes of plants. The auxin signaling pathway is a series of plant responses to auxin stimuli. However, the functions of many genes in this pathway are still obscure. As auxin receptors,TIR/AFBfamily genes encode F-Box proteins that directly bind auxin and then transduce the stimulus through the signaling pathway. In this paper, we generated an overexpression line ofAuxin-signaling F-Box 6(OsAFB6) in rice, which largely delayed heading, greatly increased spikelets per panicle and primary branch number and ultimately enhanced grain yield by 50%.OsAFB6is preferentially expressed in young tissues with stronger meristem activities and suppresses flowering by upregulatingOsRR1and downregulatingEhd1expression levels. Overexpression ofOsAFB6delayed heading, increased cytokinin (CK) by suppressing the expression level ofGn1aand simultaneously decreased the IAA concentration in the young panicle, which promoted inflorescence meristem development and resulted in large panicles with more spikelets per panicle, primary branches and increased grain yield. It would be a beneficial strategy to generate lines with varied expression levels ofOsAFB6to breed high-yielding cultivars for specific regions that can fully utilize the local sunlight and temperature resources.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS Induces Intrinsic Apoptosis in Target Host Cells in a Manner That is Dependent on its GAP Domain Activity
Authors: Kaminski Amber , Gupta Kajal H. , Goldufsky Josef W. , Lee Ha Won , Gupta Vineet , Shafikhani Sasha H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that causes serious infections in immunocompromised individuals and cystic fibrosis patients. ExoS and ExoT are two homologous bifunctional Type III Secretion System (T3SS) virulence factors that induce apoptosis in target host cells. They possess a GTPase Activating Protein (GAP) domain at their N-termini, which share ~76% homology, and an ADP-ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) domain at their C-termini, which target non-overlapping substrates. Both the GAP and the ADPRT domains contribute to ExoT’s cytotoxicity in target epithelial cells, whereas, ExoS-induced apoptosis is reported to be primarily due to its ADPRT domain. In this report, we demonstrate that ExoS/GAP domain is both necessary and sufficient to induce mitochondrial apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that intoxication with ExoS/GAP domain leads to enrichment of Bax and Bim into the mitochondrial outer-membrane, disruption of mitochondrial membrane and release of and cytochrome c into the cytosol, which activates initiator caspase-9 and effector caspase-3, that executes cellular death. We posit that the contribution of the GAP domain in ExoS-induced apoptosis was overlooked in prior studies due to its slower kinetics of cytotoxicity as compared to ADPRT. Our data clarify the field and reveal a novel virulence function for ExoS/GAP as an inducer of apoptosis.
Sensitive and rapid quantification of exosomes by fusing luciferase to exosome marker proteins
Authors: Hikita Tomoya , Miyata Mamiko , Watanabe Risayo , Oneyama Chitose 
Published: September 2018

AbstractExosomes have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication. Although their modes of action have been elucidated, the molecular mechanisms underlying their secretion, sorting of molecules, uptake into recipient cells, and biological distribution in vivo remain elusive. Here, we present a novel system for quantifying secreted exosomes by introducing ectopic or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in of luciferase-fusion exosome markers such as CD63. This luciferase-based method makes it possible to measure exosomes secreted into the culture medium with high linearity and wide dynamic range in a high-throughput manner. We demonstrate that data obtained by luminescent quantification are well correlated with data obtained by conventional nanoparticle tracking analysis under multiple conditions. In addition, our system is capable of evaluating the recipient cells or tissues that take up exosomes, as well as visualizing exosomes in vivo. The proposed system represents a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying exosome production, uptake, and long-term distribution.
The apparent activation energy and pre-exponential kinetic factor for heterogeneous calcium carbonate nucleation on quartz
Authors: Li Qingyun , Jun Young-Shin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNucleation occurs widely in materials synthesis and natural environments. However, in the nucleation rate equation, values for the apparent activation energy (Ea) and the pre-exponential kinetic factor (A) are thus far unknown because real-time nanoscale observations are difficult to perform. Here we experimentally determine Ea and A using heterogeneous calcium carbonate nucleation on quartz as a model system. Nucleation rates are measured with in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering and ex situ atomic force microscopy, and the experiments are conducted with a fixed supersaturation of IAP/Ksp(calc)  = 101.65 at 12, 25, and 31 °C. Ea is calculated as 45 ± 7 kJ mol−1, and A is 1012.0 ± 1.1 nuclei μm−2 min−1, or 102.9 ± 1.3 mol m−2 min−1. Increasing the temperature shortens the induction time, but does not change nucleus sizes. These parameter values are critical for predicting and controlling the nucleation of materials.
Radar cross‐section of pedestrians in the low‐THz band
Authors: Marchetti Emidio , Du Rui , Willetts Ben , Norouzian Fatemeh , Hoare Edward G. , Tran Thuy Yung , Clarke Nigel , Cherniakov Mikhail , Gashinova Marina 
Published: September 2018

Low‐terahertz (THz) (above 150 GHz) radar sensing is one of the promising technologies to provide safe navigation for autonomous cars due to its expected high‐resolution imaging capability. It is anticipated that for robust operation at high levels of autonomy the sensor suite should provide a fusion of video and radar data and its efficiency depends on radar ability to deliver a resolution high enough to be compatible with that of the optical image. Performance of low‐THz radar, capable to deliver required resolution, is considered in this study, with the focus on reflectivities of pedestrians at frequencies within the low‐THz region – 150 and 300 GHz. Backscatter returns are collected in a controlled environment at a number of frequency bands and at different aspect angles. Measurement methodology is presented and several indicators of reflectivities are calculated. Results are compared with values of radar cross‐section reported for current automotive frequency standards 24 and 77 GHz. The effect of clothing on reflectivities is also considered in this study.
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Accurate number densities and environments of massive ultra-compact galaxies at 0.02 < z < 0.3
Authors: Buitrago F. , Ferreras I. , Kelvin L. S. , Baldry I. K. , Davies L. , Angthopo J. , Khochfar S. , Hopkins A. M. , Driver S. P. , Brough S. , Sabater J. , Conselice C. J. , Liske J. , Holwerda B. W. , Bremer M. N. , Phillipps S. , López-Sánchez Á. R. , Graham A. W. 
Published: September 2018

Context. Massive ultra-compact galaxies (MUGs) are common at z = 2−3, but very rare in the nearby Universe. Simulations predict that the few surviving MUGs should reside in galaxy clusters, whose large relative velocities prevent them from merging, thus maintaining their original properties (namely stellar populations, masses, sizes and dynamical state).
Aims. Our goal is to obtain a complete census of the MUG population at 0.02 < z < 0.3, determining the number density, population properties and environment.
Methods. We have taken advantage of the high-completeness, large-area spectroscopic GAMA survey, complementing it with deeper imaging from the KiDS and VIKING surveys. We find a set of 22 bona-fide MUGs, defined as having high stellar mass (> 8 × 1010 M⊙) and compact size (Re < 2 kpc). An additional set of seven lower-mass objects (6 × 1010 < M⋆/M⊙ < 8 × 1010) are also potential candidates according to typical mass uncertainties.
Results. The comoving number density of MUGs at low redshift (z < 0.3) is constrained at (1.0 ± 0.4)×10−6 Mpc−3, consistent with galaxy evolution models. However, we find a mixed distribution of old and young galaxies, with a quarter of the sample representing (old) relics. MUGs have a predominantly early or swollen disk morphology (Sérsic index 1 < n < 2.5) with high stellar surface densities (⟨Σe⟩∼1010 M⊙ Kpc−2). Interestingly, a large fraction feature close companions – at least in projection – suggesting that many (but not all) reside in the central regions of groups. Halo masses show these galaxies inhabit average-mass groups.
Conclusions. As MUGs are found to be almost equally distributed among environments of different masses, their relative fraction is higher in more massive overdensities, matching the expectations that some of these galaxies fell in these regions at early times. However, there must be another channel leading some of these galaxies to an abnormally low merger history because our sample shows a number of objects that do not inhabit particularly dense environments.
Leitbild ärztlicher Homöopathie für den DZVhÄ
Authors:   Deutscher Zentralverein homöopathischer Ärzte
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Homöopathie wurde vor mehr als 200 Jahren von dem deutschen Arzt Dr. Samuel Hahnemann als medizinisches Behandlungskonzept formuliert. Sie beruht auf dem Ähnlichkeitsprinzip – „Ähnliches werde durch Ähnliches behandelt“ –, das seit dem Altertum von Ärzten
1
und Philosophen anerkannt ist. Hahnemann erkannte die Universalität dieses Prinzips und machte sie zur Grundlage eines umfassenden Systems der Medizin mit einer eigenständigen Vorstellung von Gesundheit und Krankheit. Die sich aus der europäischen Medizin herausgebildete Homöopathie wird heutzutage in mehr als 70 Ländern weltweit praktiziert.
Treatment of Long Bone Fractures in Calves with Ilizarov External Fixator
Authors: Sarierler Murat , Gülaydin Ali 
Published: September 2018

In this study, the advantages and disadvantages of Ilizarov external fixator in the treatment of long bone fractures in calves were investigated. For this purpose, 26 calves of different breeds, ages and genders, having metacarpal (n = 12), metatarsal (n = 5) and antebrachial (n = 9) fractures underwent surgery under general anaesthesia. Frames, which were prepared before surgery in accordance with the radiographic findings, were applied under open reduction in 18 cases, and under closed reduction in eight cases. In the postoperative period, all calves except one started to bear some weigh on the injured limb on the first day, while the remaining calf did the same on the second day. The consolidation started in the first 2 weeks for 24 of the calves and was completed by the day 55. In the two remaining cases, it started in the third week and was completed on day 71 and day 90, respectively.The soft tissue wounds were completely healed in all calves and no complications occurred. In five calves that were not kept in our clinic pin tract infections formed. They were controlled rapidly, and there was no change in the fracture reduction or healing duration.In conclusion, in our study, the Ilizarov external fixator system was applied to long bone fractures in cattle calves, in cases where the fragments were not large enough to apply pins and plates, and which became open and infected after defective bandage practices or unsuitable treatment. Fractures completely healed in all cases, without any complications. These results show that many of the long bone fractures experienced by calves, that were considered for amputation due to the anticipated inability to treat them successfully, could be treated with the use of the Ilizarov system.
Prevalence of Mental Disorders, Health-related Quality of Life, and Service Utilization across the Adult Life Span
Authors: Jacobi F. , Groß J. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryMental disorders are widely common and are associated with various costs, both for the individual and for society. DEGS1-MH is the mental-health module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (DEGS1) and offers representative data on mental health in Germany. The present paper presents data on 12-month prevalence of mental disorders according to DSM-IV-TR, mental and physical health-related quality of life, and self-reported service utilization due to mental health problems across the adult life span (age 18-79 in six age groups). With 37.7%, young adults (age 18-29) show the highest 12-month prevalence and lowest self-reported mental health-related quality of life. In contrast, the group of older adults (age 60-79) show the lowest 12-month prevalence (19.7%) and report highest mental health-related quality of life. In subjects with mental disorders, physical health-related quality of life is impaired as well, however, particularly in older age groups. Both young and older adults with a 12-month diagnosis use health-related service due to mental problems only very rarely.