bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes After Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty and Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in Patients 70 Years and Older With Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis and an Intact Rotator Cuff
Authors: Wright Melissa A. , Keener Jay D. , Chamberlain Aaron M. 
Published: July 2019

Introduction:
As the indications for reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) expand beyond traditional cuff tear arthropathy, the role of RSA in elderly patients with glenohumeral arthritis and an intact rotator cuff remains unclear.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included 135 patients who underwent RSA or total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) at a single tertiary orthopedic center between 2005 and 2015 and were 70 years of age or older at the time of surgery. All patients had preoperative advanced imaging confirming an intact rotator cuff but active forward elevation less than 90°. Complications, reoperations, and patient survival were recorded from the medical record. Patient-reported outcomes (Pain visual analog scale, Satisfaction Score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons [ASES], and Western Ontario Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder [WOOS]) and patient-reported range of motion were collected at a minimum of 2 years after procedure.

Results:
There was no significant difference in complication rate or revision surgery rate between patients undergoing TSA and RSA (complications 13.7% versus 12.1%, P = 0.810; reoperations 6.9% vs 3.0%, P = 0.418). There were no differences in patient-reported outcome measures between the two groups. Mean pain visual analog scale scores were low in both groups (0.72, SD 1.93 for TSA and 0.31, SD 0.72 for RSA). Satisfaction scores were high (86.1, SD 23.3 for TSA and 91.8, SD 9.0 for RSA, P = 0.286). Mean ASES and WOOS scores were also high in both groups (86 [SD 15.6] for TSA and 83 [SD 12.6] for RSA for ASES [P = 0.400] and 86 [SD 18.3] for TSA and 89 [SD 10.2] for RSA for WOOS [P = 0.400]). One hundred percent of subjects following RSA and 98% of subjects following TSA rated their forward elevation as full or nearly full (>135°) (P = 0.516).

Discussion:
Given the good clinical outcomes after both TSA and RSA, there may be an increased role for RSA in this elderly cohort to provide effective treatment of glenohumeral osteoarthritis.

Level of Evidence:
Level III, retrospective comparative study
Empowering High School Students Through Engagement in a Community Event
Authors: Palazzo Steven J. , Sanman Ella , Bicknell Laura E. 
Published: July 2019

Background: Obesity continues to afflict adolescents in underserved communities. It is difficult to understand how adolescents perceive empowerment over their health and the health of their communities. The purpose of our study was to describe the impact of the Healthy Heart Ambassador program on adolescents’ perceived empowerment through the development and implementation of a community event.
Methods: High school students designed and implemented a cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention community event using knowledge acquired through participation in the Teen Take Heart program. The HHA program was created based on the Adolescent Empowerment Model, where participants chose a community event they felt would best deliver the cardiovascular health promotion and disease prevention information. Participants completed a post event survey to evaluate their sense of empowerment while participating in the program.
Results: The AES addressed two domains and six attributes of psychological empowerment. The results suggest a sense of empowerment resulted from participating in the student-led community event.
Conclusion: During the HHA event students were engaged with other students, teachers, and members of their community who attended the event. In addition, groups of students who did not normally interact with each other were cooperating and working as a team.
Implicados, intermitentes, desengajados? Estilos de mediação de pais de crianças de 3-8 anos que usam a internet
Authors: Ponte Cristina , Simões José Alberto , Batista Susana , Castro Teresa Sofia 
Published: July 2019

Este artigo apresenta resultados do primeiro inquérito nacional sobre como crianças (3-8 anos) se relacionam com ecrãs em ambientes familiares, focando-se nas mediações de pais cujos filhos fazem uso da internet. Com base em literatura sobre o tema e em resultados sobre o contexto português, procedeu-se a análises estatísticas de correspondências múltiplas e de clusters que consideraram fatores do lado da criança e do lado dos pais relativamente a mediações ativas e de segurança. Da análise emergiram três tipos de mediadores — implicados, intermitentes e desengajados — cujas características se discutem e se problematizam.
Neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio is prognostic in early stage resected small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Lohinai Zoltan , Bonanno Laura , Aksarin Aleksei , Pavan Alberto , Megyesfalvi Zsolt , Santa Balazs , Hollosi Virag , Hegedus Balazs , Moldvay Judit , Conte PierFranco , Ter-Ovanesov Mikhail , Bilan Evgeniy , Dome Balazs , Weiss Glen J. 
Published: July 2019

Background
For selected early stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC), curative intent surgery is often performed. Previous studies, predominantly from East Asia, reported that high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR) correlate with poor prognosis in several types of tumors including SCLC. Our aim was to investigate the prognostic value of NLR and PLR in Caucasian patients with resected SCLC, as potential tool to select patients for multimodal treatment including surgery.

Methods
Consecutive patients evaluated at three centers between 2000 and 2013 with histologically confirmed and surgically resected SCLC were retrospectively analyzed. NLR and PLR at diagnosis was used to categorize patients into “high” and “low” groups based on receiver operating curve analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the impact of clinical and pathological characteristics on outcome.

Results
There were a total of 189 patients with a median age of 58 years, and the majority had stage I or II disease. We found a significant correlation between NLR and tumor stage (p = 0.007) and age (p = 0.038). Low NLR (LNLR) was associated with significantly longer overall survival, while PLR had no prognostic impact. There were significant associations between NLR and PLR but not with gender, vascular involvement, tumor necrosis, peritumoral inflammation, or tumor grade.

Conclusion
Pre-operative LNLR may be a favorable prognostic factor in stage I–II SCLCs. PLR is not prognostic in this population. LNLR is easy to assess and can be integrated into routine clinical practice. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these observations.
Deformable abdominal phantom for the validation of real‐time image guidance and deformable dose accumulation
Authors: Matrosic Charles K. , Hull Jennifer , Palmer Benjamin , Culberson Wesley , Bednarz Bryan 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPurposeEnd‐to‐end testing with quality assurance (QA) phantoms for deformable dose accumulation and real‐time image‐guided radiotherapy (IGRT) has recently been recommended by American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Task Groups 132 and 76. The goal of this work was to develop a deformable abdominal phantom containing a deformable three‐dimensional dosimeter that could provide robust testing of these systems.MethodsThe deformable abdominal phantom was fabricated from polyvinyl chloride plastisol and phantom motion was simulated with a programmable motion stage and plunger. A deformable normoxic polyacrylamide gel (nPAG) dosimeter was incorporated into the phantom apparatus to represent a liver tumor. Dosimeter data were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Static measurements were compared to planned dose distributions. Static and dynamic deformations were used to simulate inter‐ and intrafractional motion in the phantom and measurements were compared to baseline measurements.ResultsThe statically irradiated dosimeters matched the planned dose distribution with an average γ pass rates of 97.0 ± 0.5% and 97.5 ± 0.2% for 3%/5 mm and 5%/5 mm criteria, respectively. Static deformations caused measured dose distribution shifts toward the phantom plunger. During the dynamic deformation experiment, the dosimeter that utilized beam gating showed an improvement in the γ pass rate compared to the dosimeter that did not.ConclusionsA deformable abdominal phantom apparatus which incorporates a deformable nPAG dosimeter was developed to test real‐time IGRT systems and deformable dose accumulation algorithms. This apparatus was used to benchmark simple static irradiations in which it was found that measurements match well to the planned distributions. Deformable dose accumulation could be tested by directly measuring the shifts and blurring of the target dose due to interfractional organ deformation and motion. Dosimetric improvements were achieved from the motion management during intrafractional motion.
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Cross‐Couplings and C−H Activation via Dual Photoredox/Transition‐Metal Catalysis in Continuous‐Flow Processes
Authors: Kim Soo Dong , Lee Jonghyun , Kim Nam‐Jung , Park Boyoung Y. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHerein, we review dual photoredox/transition‐metal catalysis for C−C/C−N cross‐couplings and C−H activation in continuous‐flow processes. Compared to conventional transition‐metal catalysis for these reactions, visible‐light‐mediated synergistic catalysis enables the use of relatively mild and environmentally friendly reaction conditions by decreasing the activation energy and using a renewable energy source. However, photochemical transformations in batch processing have limitations such as reactivity, reaction time, substrate scope, and scalability due to light attenuation as represented by the Beer‐Lambert law. In this review article, we therefore summarize and discuss several examples of cross‐couplings and C−H activation in continuous‐flow processes that overcome these problems in batch processing.
Pd/Bi‐Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Nitriles Using Aromatic Alcohols and Acetonitrile
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zheng Ming , Song Guosheng , Hou Jing , Li Bindong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA mild and convenient approach for direct synthesis of α,β‐unsaturated nitriles, which are ubiquitous building blocks of natural products and pharmaceuticals, has been developed. A variety of aromatic alcohols could be converted into alkenyl nitriles in moderate to good yields employing Pd/C as the catalyst and BiCl3 as the co‐catalyst.
Controlling shadow cure in cationic photopolymerizations using physical cues and processing variables
Authors: Schissel Sage M. , Jessop Julie L. P. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTCationic photopolymerizations offer unique advantages for many applications. The long‐lived active centers may proceed long after the irradiation has ceased, leading to dark cure or postpolymerization. In addition, these active centers possess mobility through reactive diffusion and may lead to polymerization in unilluminated regions (shadow cure). Shadow cure may allow effective polymerization in optically thick and pigmented systems or for systems in which areas are effectively masked from the illumination source. In this work, we demonstrate and optimize active center mobility, and thus shadow‐cure growth, by challenging shadow cure in different geometries and through design of experiments. Based on central‐composite‐design results, shadow‐cure length is most influenced by sample depth, while gel fraction is most affected by effective irradiance. Both responses are increased by maximizing the respective factors. These shadow‐cure relationships can be used to expand photopolymerization use in light‐restricted applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48290.
A Neutrophil Activation Biomarker Panel in Prognosis and Monitoring of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bach Mary , Moon Jeonghun , Moore Richard , Pan Tiffany , Nelson J. Lee , Lood Christian 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveExaggerated neutrophil activation and formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are linked to inflammation and autoimmunity, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, whether NETs are present in the circulation of RA patients and contribute to inflammation and disease progression has not been carefully addressed. We undertook this study to assess markers of neutrophil activation and NET formation in plasma samples, investigating whether they add clinical value in improving the determination of prognosis and monitoring in RA patients.MethodsMarkers of neutrophil activation (calprotectin) and cell death (NETs) were analyzed, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, in serum and plasma obtained from patients in 3 cross‐sectional RA cohorts and sex‐matched healthy controls. A longitudinal inception cohort (n = 247), seen for a median follow‐up of 8 years, was used for predictive analyses.ResultsMarkers of neutrophil activation and cell death were increased in RA patients compared to healthy individuals (P < 0.0001). Calprotectin levels correlated with the Clinical Disease Activity Index (r = 0.53, P < 0.0001) and could be used to distinguish between patients with disease in remission and those with active disease, an observation not seen when examining C‐reactive protein levels. A biomarker panel consisting of anti–citrullinated protein antibody and calprotectin could predict erosive disease (odds ratio [OR] 7.5, P < 0.0001) and joint space narrowing (OR 4.9, P = 0.001). NET levels were associated with markers of inflammation (P = 0.0002). Furthermore, NETs and a “neutrophil activation signature” biomarker panel had good predictive value in identifying patients who were developing extraarticular nodules (OR 5.6, P = 0.006).ConclusionNeutrophils undergo marked activation and cell death in RA. Neutrophil biomarkers can provide added clinical value in the monitoring and prognosis of RA patients and may allow for early preventive treatment intervention.
Effects of Conventional Uric Acid–Lowering Therapy on Monosodium Urate Crystal Deposits
Authors: Ellmann Hanna , Bayat Sara , Araujo Elizabeth , Manger Bernhard , Kleyer Arnd , Cavallaro Alexander , Lell Michael , Schenker Hannah , Simon David , Tascilar Koray , Baraf Herbert S. B. , Schett Georg , Rech Jürgen 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveFew studies have systematically and quantitatively addressed the impact of urate‐lowering therapy on monosodium urate (MSU) deposits. This study was undertaken to analyze the effect of lifestyle measures and conventional urate‐lowering therapy on MSU deposits in patients with gout.MethodsIn this prospective study, subjects with gout according to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria and presence of MSU deposits seen on dual‐energy computed tomography (DECT) scans received either lifestyle intervention or conventional urate‐lowering therapy for a mean period of 18 months before a follow‐up DECT scan. Detected MSU deposits were quantified by volumetric measurement and validated by semiquantitative scoring, and baseline and follow‐up measurements were compared.ResultsBaseline and follow‐up DECT scans were available for all 83 subjects. Six subjects discontinued treatment, and 77 subjects underwent a lifestyle intervention (n = 24) or were treated with allopurinol (n = 29), febuxostat (n = 22), or benzbromarone (n = 2) over the entire observation period. The mean serum uric acid (UA) level decreased from 7.2 to 5.8 mg/dl in the overall population. In patients who discontinued treatment, no change in MSU deposits or serum UA levels was observed. The burden of MSU deposits significantly decreased in patients undergoing lifestyle intervention (MSU volume P = 0.007; MSU score P = 0.001), and in patients treated with allopurinol (MSU volume and score P < 0.001) or febuxostat (MSU volume P < 0.001; MSU score P = 0.001). No significant decline in MSU deposits was noted in patients who discontinued treatment.ConclusionThese data show that lifestyle intervention and xanthine oxidase inhibitors significantly decrease the MSU deposit burden. Hence, conventional gout therapy not only lowers serum UA levels, but also reduces pathologic MSU deposits.
The impact of mental health court: A Sacramento case study
Authors: Yuan Yue , Capriotti Matthew R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMental health courts (MHCs) use a collaborative justice approach to provide a therapeutic alternative to the traditional justice process for defendants with mental illnesses directly relevant to their alleged criminal offenses. MHCs have proliferated in recent years, in light of early research reports documenting their successes. The aim of this paper is to provide further evaluation of the effects of MHCs by evaluating the impact of the Sacramento County MHC in California. We analyzed quantitative data and conducted interviews with stakeholders and MHC participants to understand how the MHC influenced individual participants' recidivism rates, mental health, and quality of life. Results from the quantitative data analysis indicate that defendants had a lower rate of recidivism after the MHC program than before it. Moreover, graduates were less likely to be rearrested and rehospitalized than non‐graduates. Qualitative analyses revealed several core themes regarding participants' views on facilitators and barriers related to the MHC's success. These findings provide further insights into the effectiveness of MHCs.
Aberrant accumulation of Dickkopf 4 promotes tumor progression via forming the immune suppressive microenvironment in gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Wang Ming , Ni Bo , Zhuang Chun , Zhao Wen‐Yi , Tu Lin , Ma Xin‐Li , Yang Lin‐Xi , Zhang Zhi‐Gang , Cao Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundDrug resistance and tumor recurrence are the major concerns in clinical practices of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), with the urgent requirement for exploring undiscovered pathways driving malignancy. To deal with these, recent studies have made many efforts to explore prognosis indicators and establish potential therapeutic targets.MethodsExpression profiles of different risks of GISTs were described and abundant clinical evidences supported our findings in this study. Following exploration in vitro by cell experiments and verification in vivo using tumor microarray were taken to elucidate the underlying mechanism, which drove the malignancy in GIST.ResultsDickkopf 4 (DKK4), as the canonical Wnt pathway antagonist, was unexpectedly and universally upregulated in high‐risk GISTs, and aberrant accumulation of DKK4 was closely correlated with poor prognosis. In addition, tumor‐derived DKK4 could decrease immune cells infiltration and activation in the tumor microenvironment, which decreased the antitumor effects in return. And this phenomenon was recurrent in human tumor specimens.ConclusionsOur findings identified DKK4 as a proper tumor biomarker for prognosis predicting and recurrence monitoring, and suggested a novel immune‐escape mechanism driving malignancy in GIST, which might be a potential therapeutic target to improve the effects of canonical RTK therapy and combined immunotherapy.
One‐pot Synthesis of 4‐Aminocyclohexanol Isomers by Combining a Keto Reductase and an Amine Transaminase
Authors: Sviatenko Olha , Ríos‐Lombardía Nicolás , Morís Francisco , González‐Sabín Javier , Venkata Manideep Kollipara , Merdivan Simon , Günther Sebastian , Süss Philipp , Höhne Matthias 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe efficient multifunctionalization by one‐pot or cascade catalytic systems has developed as an important research field, but is often challenging due to incompatibilities or cross‐reactivities of the catalysts leading to side product formation. Herein we report the stereoselective preparation of cis‐ and trans‐4‐aminocyclohexanol from the potentially bio‐based precursor 1,4‐cyclohexanedione. We identified regio‐ and stereoselective enzymes catalyzing reduction and transamination of the diketone, which can be performed in a one‐pot sequential or cascade mode. For this, we identified regioselective keto reductases for the selective mono reduction of the diketone to give 4‐hydroxycyclohexanone. The system is modular and by choosing stereocomplementary amine transaminases, both cis‐ and trans‐4‐aminocyclohexanol were synthesized with good to excellent diastereomeric ratios. Furthermore, we identified an amine transaminase that produces cis‐1,4‐cyclohexanediamine with diastereomeric ratios >98 : 2. These examples highlight that the high selectivity of enzymes enable short and stereoselective cascade multifunctionalizations to generate high‐value building blocks from renewable starting materials.Introduction
Organocatalytic Decarboxylation of Amino Acids as a Route to Bio‐based Amines and Amides
Authors: Claes Laurens , Janssen Michiel , De Vos Dirk E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAmino acids obtained by fermentation or recovered from protein waste hydrolysates represent an excellent renewable resource for the production of bio‐based chemicals. In an attempt to recycle both carbon and nitrogen, we report here on a chemocatalytic, metal‐free approach for decarboxylation of amino acids, thereby providing a direct access to primary amines. In the presence of a carbonyl compound the amino acid is temporarily trapped into a Schiff base, from which the elimination of CO2 may proceed more easily. After evaluating different types of aldehydes and ketones on their activity at low catalyst loadings (≤5 mol%), isophorone was identified as powerful organocatalyst under mild conditions. After optimisation many amino acids with a neutral side chain were converted in 28–99 % yield in 2‐propanol at 150 °C. When the reaction is performed in DMF, the amine is susceptible to N‐formylation. This consecutive reaction is catalysed by the acidity of the amino acid reactant itself. In this way, many amino acids were efficiently transformed to the corresponding formamides in a one‐pot catalytic system.
Chirality in amino acids beyond the Cα configuration
Authors: Brunner Henri , Tsuno Takashi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBased on a CSD search, a meta‐analysis of 1179 structures of 19 natural amino acids H3NCαH(R)C′(O)O and their derivatives H3NCαH(R)C′(O)O(H/R/M), protonated, esterified, or coordinated at the carboxylic group, shows that the chirality chain with its two steps, established in the preceding paper for alanine, can be extended to natural amino acids. High diastereoselectivities are observed in the induction from the L configuration at Cα to the −ψ and +ψ conformations, which in turn distort the planar carboxylic group CαC′(Ocis)Otrans to asymmetric flat tetrahedra, showing that the chirality chain is an integral part of natural amino acids.