bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for Modeling Lowest-Level Vertical Motion
Authors: Robinson Thomas E. , Businger Steven 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A new method for modeling the lowest model level vertical motion is described and validated. Instead of smoothing terrain heights, the new method calculates the terrain gradient on a high-resolution grid and averages the gradient values around a gridpoint location. In essence, the method provides a way to achieve some of the impact of very steep terrain on the flow without the computational overhead associated with the very high grid resolution needed to fully resolve complex terrain. The more accurate depiction of the terrain gradient leads to an increase in orographic vertical motion and causes rainfall to occur more often over the windward-facing mountain slopes, consistent with observations. Model results are compared with rain gauge data during the month of January 2016 as well as radar data from a case study on 9 March 2012. When implemented in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model over the island of Oahu and compared with the current WRF method, the model precipitation forecast skill is improved. The new method produces more precipitation over the island during January 2016, which is closer to the observed value. On 9 March 2012, the new method clearly focuses the precipitation over the Ko‘olau Mountains, reducing the number of false alarm forecasts by nearly one-half. Although the changes to model precipitation skill were small, they were generally positive.
Pulmonary aspergilloma: surgical outcome of 79 patients in a Moroccan center
Authors: Harmouchi Hicham , Lakranbi Marouane , Issoufou Ibrahim , Ouadnouni Yassine , Smahi Mohammed 
Published: June 2019

Background Pulmonary aspergilloma presents in two clinical and radiological forms: simple and complex aspergilloma. Surgery is the best therapeutic option, most often by anatomic lung resection. Our aim was to report the surgical outcomes according to our experience. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on data of 79 patients operated on for pulmonary aspergilloma over a period of 10 years. There were 57 (72.15%) men and 22 women (27.84%), with a mean age of 40.45 years. Results Tuberculosis, all-form combined, was the predominant pathological antecedent in 57 (72.15%) patients, and hemoptysis was the most frequent functional sign in 43 (54.43%). The right side was involved in 39 (49.36%) patients. All patients were operated on via a posterolateral thoracotomy, and an extrapleural plane was necessary in 40 (50.63%). The surgical procedure was a lobectomy in 38 (48.10%) patients and a pneumonectomy in 14 (17.72%). Transfusion of red blood cells was carried out in 10 (12.65%) patients, with one (1.26%) requiring a rethoracotomy for postoperative clotted hemothorax. Two (2.53%) patients presented with empyema after pneumonectomy. The mortality rate was 2.53% (2 patients), and the mean follow-up was 2.5 years. Conclusion Surgery for pulmonary aspergilloma is associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. This surgery has been performed in our department with a very acceptable rate of mortality, especially considering that all patients were operated on by open surgery.
Hamstring Autograft Versus Hybrid Graft for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wang Hong-De , Gao Shi-Jun , Zhang Ying-Ze 
Published: June 2019

Background: Hamstring tendon autografts are commonly used for primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Some patients have small hamstring tendons however, which may compromise the clinical outcome of the autograft. To solve this problem, many surgeons use hybrid grafting that involves augmentation of small hamstring autografts with allograft tissue. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose was to compare the clinical outcomes between primary ACL reconstructions performed with hamstring autografts and those performed with hybrid grafts in terms of patient-reported evaluation, failure rate, and knee stability. The hypothesis was that primary ACL reconstruction performed with hamstring autograft alone will not differ significantly from that performed with a hybrid graft in terms of patient-reported evaluation, failure rate, or knee stability. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify prospective and retrospective comparative studies and cohort studies (evidence levels 1-3) comparing outcomes of primary ACL reconstructions performed with hamstring autografting alone and hybrid grafting. Outcomes included patient-reported evaluation, failure rate, and knee stability. Results: Ten studies were included: 1 of level 2 and 9 of level 3. Collectively, they included 398 autografts and 341 hybrid grafts. Mean respective follow-up durations ranged from 24.0 to 69.6 months and from 24.0 to 70.8 months. Patient-reported evaluations, including Lysholm, Tegner, and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee scores, were reported in 8 of 10 studies. Failure rates were reported in all 10 studies. Results of knee stability examinations—including KT-1000 arthrometer measurements, the pivot-shift test, Lachman test, and overall International Knee Documentation Committee results—were reported in 4 of 10 studies. In this review, there were no statistically significant differences between autografts and hybrid grafts in terms of patient-reported evaluations, failure rates, or KT-1000 measurements. Conclusion: In this systematic review, there was no significant difference in patient-reported evaluation or failure rate between primary ACL reconstructions performed with autografts alone and those performed with hybrid grafts. Whether there is a substantial difference in knee stability examination results between autografts and hybrid grafts remains unknown, given a relative lack of reports on knee stability.
Preoperative Anxiety Effect on Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Foot and Ankle Surgery
Authors: Nixon Devon C. , Schafer Kevin A. , Cusworth Brian , McCormick Jeremy J. , Johnson Jeffrey , Klein Sandra E. 
Published: June 2019

Background: Preoperative emotional distress has been shown to negatively influence joint arthroplasty and spine surgery, but limited data exist for foot and ankle outcomes. Emotional distress can be captured through modern tools like the Patient-Reported Outcomes Instrument Measurement System (PROMIS) anxiety domain. We hypothesized that patients with greater preoperative PROMIS anxiety scores would report greater pain and less function after foot and ankle surgery than patients with lower preoperative anxiety levels. Methods: Elective foot and ankle surgeries from May 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively identified. PROMIS anxiety, pain interference (PI), and physical function (PF) scores were collected before and after surgery. Patients were grouped based on preoperative PROMIS scores greater or less than 59.4. A cutoff of PROMIS anxiety above 59.4 was selected as the threshold that corresponds to traditional measures of anxiety. Results: Compared to patients with less preoperative anxiety (average: 47.2, n=146), patients with higher preoperative anxiety (average: 63.9, n=59) had greater preoperative pain (PROMIS PI: 63.5 vs 59.1, P < .001) and lower physical function (PROMIS PF: 37.9 vs 42.0, P = .001). Postoperatively, patients with higher preoperative anxiety had more residual pain and greater functional disability as compared to patients with less preoperative emotional distress (PROMIS PI: 58.6 vs 52.9, P < .001; PROMIS PF: 39.8 vs 44.4, P < .001; respectively). Conclusion: Our evidence showed that preoperative emotional anxiety predicted worse pain and function at early operative follow-up. Measures of preoperative anxiety could be useful in identifying patients at risk for poorer operative outcomes, but continued study is necessary. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative study.
Impact of broadening clinical trial eligibility criteria for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients: Real-world analysis.
Authors: Harvey R. Donald , Rubinstein Wendy S. , Ison Gwynn , Khozin Sean , Chen Li , Miller Robert S. , Jun Monika , Stepanski Edward , Hyde Brigham , Uldrick Thomas S. , Komatsoulis George Anthony , Roberts Jeremy , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Schilsky Richard L. , Schenkel Caroline , Kim Edward S. , Bruinooge Suanna S. 
Published: June 2019

LBA108 Background: Restrictive trial eligibility criteria limit data generalizability and patient opportunity to participate. We compared numbers and characteristics of patients (pts) eligible using traditional vs expanded criteria recommended by ASCO and Friends of Cancer Research. Methods: A retrospective, observational analysis used deidentified EHR data from ASCO’s CancerLinQ database. Study cohort included adult aNSCLC pts with ≥2 visits and ≥1 dose of systemic treatment post-advanced-disease diagnosis from 2011-2018. Recorded creatinine clearance (CrCl) or Cockcroft-Gault variables were required. Pts were grouped by traditional criteria (no brain metastases, no other malignancies and CrCl >60 mL/min) and expanded criteria (brain metastases and other malignancies allowed and CrCl >30 mL/min). Results: 10,500 pts were identified (Table). Median age 67.6 years [IQR 60.3-74.4]. 56% were male, and 65% white. 60% were Stage IV, 80% former or current smokers. 5005 (47.7%) pts were excluded by traditional exclusion criteria, while only 154 (1.5%) pts were excluded by expanded criteria. Expanded criteria patients were older (67.5 v 66.1, p<0.001); and more likely to be female (44% v 40%), Stage IV (60% v 55%), have non-squamous histology (47% v 45%), and never smokers (16% v 13%). Additional analysis is needed to differentiate treated/stable vs. active brain metastases. Conclusions: Use of the ASCO-Friends expanded criteria would enable nearly twice as many aNSCLC pts to be considered for trial participation (4,851 patients, 46.2%). Narrower criteria should only be used based on compelling scientific rationale for exclusion. [Table: see text]
Impact of the Affordable Care Act on early-stage diagnosis and treatment for women with ovarian cancer.
Authors: Smith Anna Jo , Nickels Amanda 
Published: June 2019

LBA5563 Background: The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded access to insurance and care for many Americans. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of the ACA on stage at diagnosis and time to treatment for women with ovarian cancer. Methods: We utilized a difference-in-differences (DD) approach to assess stage at diagnosis and time to treatment before and after the 2010 ACA among women with ovarian cancer ages 21-64 years compared to women ages 65 years and older. We used the National Cancer Database with the 2004-2009 surveys as the pre-reform years and the 2011-2014 surveys as the post-reform years. Outcomes were analyzed for women overall and by insurance type, adjusting for patient race, living in a rural area, area-level household income and education level, Charlson co-morbidity score, distance traveled for care, Census region, and care at an academic center. Results: A total of 35,842 ovarian cancer cases pre-reform and 37,145 post-reform were identified for women 21-64 years compared with 28,895 cases pre-reform and 30,604 post-reform for women 65 years and older. The ACA was associated with increased early-stage diagnosis for women 21-64 years compared to women 65 and older with ovarian cancer (DD=1.7%, p-for-trend=0.001). Additionally, the ACA was associated with more women receiving treatment within 30 days of ovarian cancer diagnosis (DD=1.6%, p<0.001). Specifically, among women with public insurance, the ACA was associated with a significant improvement in early-stage diagnosis and receipt of treatment within 30 days of diagnosis (DD=2.5%, p=0.003 and DD=2.5%, p=0.006). Improvements in stage at diagnosis and time to treatment were seen across race, income, and education groups. Conclusions: Under the Affordable Care Act, women with ovarian cancer were more likely to be diagnosed at an early stage and receive treatment within 30 days of diagnosis. As stage and treatment are major determinants of survival, these gains under the ACA may have long-term impacts on women with ovarian cancer.
Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab 300 mg Every 4 Weeks in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes on Maximally Tolerated Statin
Authors: Müller-Wieland Dirk , Rader Daniel J , Moriarty Patrick M , Bergeron Jean , Langslet Gisle , Ray Kausik K , Manvelian Garen , Thompson Desmond , Bujas-Bobanovic Maja , Roth Eli M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Context
In the ODYSSEY CHOICE I trial, alirocumab 300 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W) was assessed in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Alirocumab efficacy and safety were evaluated in a patient subgroup with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and who were receiving maximally tolerated statins with or without other lipid-lowering therapies.

Methods
Participants received either alirocumab 300 mg Q4W (n = 458, including 96 with T2DM) or placebo (n = 230, including 50 with T2DM) for 48 weeks, with alirocumab dose adjustment to 150 mg every 2 weeks at Week (W) 12 if W8 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were ≥70 mg/dL or ≥ 100 mg/dL, depending on cardiovascular risk, or if LDL-C reduction was <30% from baseline. Efficacy end points included percentage change from baseline to W24 for lipids, and time-averaged LDL-C over W21 to W24.

Results
In individuals with T2DM, LDL-C reductions from baseline to W24 and the average of W21 to W24 were significantly greater with alirocumab (−61.6% and −68.8%, respectively) vs placebo. At W24, alirocumab significantly reduced levels of non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and other lipids. At W24, 85.9% and 12.5% of individuals in the alirocumab and placebo groups, respectively, reached both non–HDL-C <100 mg/dL and LDL-C <70 mg/dL. At W12, In total, 18% of alirocumab-treated participants received dose adjustment. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were upper respiratory tract infection and injection-site reaction. No clinically significant changes in fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin were observed.

Conclusion
In individuals with T2DM, alirocumab 300 mg Q4W was generally well tolerated and efficacious in reducing atherogenic lipoproteins.
Non-invasive classification of non-small cell lung cancer: a comparison between random forest models utilising radiomic and semantic features
Authors: Bashir Usman , Kawa Bhavin , Siddique Muhammad , Mak Sze Mun , Nair Arjun , Mclean Emma , Bille Andrea , Goh Vicky , Cook Gary 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
Non-invasive distinction between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may be beneficial to patients unfit for invasive diagnostic procedures or when tissue is insufficient for diagnosis. The purpose of our study was to compare the performance of random forest algorithms utilizing CT radiomics and/or semantic features in classifying NSCLC.

Methods:
Two thoracic radiologists scored 11 semantic features on CT scans of 106 patients with NSCLC. A set of 115 radiomics features was extracted from the CT scans. Random forest models were developed from semantic (RM-sem), radiomics (RM-rad), and all features combined (RM-all). External validation of models was performed using an independent test data set (n = 100) of CT scans. Model performance was measured with out-of-bag error and area under curve (AUC), and compared using receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis on the test data set.

Results:
The median (interquartile-range) error rates of the models were: RF-sem 24.5 % (22.6 – 37.5 %), RF-rad 35.8 % (34.9 – 38.7 %), and RM-all 37.7 % (37.7 – 37.7). On training data, both RF-rad and RF-all gave perfect discrimination (AUC = 1), which was significantly higher than that achieved by RF-sem (AUC = 0.78; p &lt; 0.0001). On test data, however, RM-sem model (AUC = 0.82) out-performed RM-rad and RM-all (AUC = 0.5 and AUC = 0.56; p &lt; 0.0001), neither of which was significantly different from random guess ( p = 0.9 and 0.6 respectively).

Conclusion:
Non-invasive classification of NSCLC can be done accurately using random forest classification models based on well-known CT-derived descriptive features. However, radiomics-based classification models performed poorly in this scenario when tested on independent data and should be used with caution, due to their possible lack of generalizability to new data.

Advances in knowledge:
Our study describes novel CT-derived random forest models based on radiologist-interpretation of CT scans (semantic features) that can assist NSCLC classification when histopathology is equivocal or when histopathological sampling is not possible. It also shows that random forest models based on semantic features may be more useful than those built from computational radiomic features.
Government Spending and Corporate Innovation
Authors: Kong Lei 
Published: June 2019

I study the impact of government spending on corporate innovation. Using changes in U.S. Senate committee chairmanships as a source of exogenous variation in state-level federal government expenditures, I find that firms headquartered in states with increases in government spending significantly reduce their innovation output, as measured by their number of patents and the citations to these patents. These reductions are mostly concentrated in labor-intensive industries, in firms headquartered in states with lower unemployment rates, and in government-dependent industries. My findings suggest that resource diversion induced by increased government spending is a channel through which government spending may affect corporate innovation. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.
Optimising management of self-inflicted burns: a retrospective review
Authors: Houschyar Khosrow S. , Tapking Christian , Duscher Dominik , Maan Zeshaan N. , Sheckter Clifford C. , Rein Susanne , Chelliah Malcolm P. , Nietzschmann Ina , Weissenberg Kristian , Reumuth Georg , Schulz Torsten , Branski Ludwik K. , Siemers Frank 
Published: June 2019

Objective: Self-inflicted burns typically result in extensive injuries requiring intensive care and attention in a specialised burn unit. Burn units should be familiar with the optimal management of self-inflicted burns, including the psychological and psychiatric treatment. This paper describes the experiences of managing these challenging injuries in a German burn centre. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with self-inflicted burns admitted to the burn centre between 2000 and 2017. Demographics, details of injury, presence of psychiatric disorder, clinical course, operative management and patient outcomes were recorded and compared with a control group without self-inflicted burns. Outcome measures included graft take rate, complications and need for further surgery. Results: There were a total of 2055 burn patient admissions, with 17 cases (0.8%) of self-inflicted burns. The mean age was 36±11 years with an mean percentage total body surface area (%TBSA) burned of 43.5±22.5% which was not significantly different from the control group (p=0.184). Schizophrenia and personality disorder were the most common diagnoses in the self-inflicted burns patients (n=11; 65%). Of these, four had sustained previous self-inflicted burns. Length of hospital stay was significantly longer in the self-inflicted burn group than in the control group (49.0±16.7 days, respectively, p=0.002). Conclusion: Attempted suicide by self-inflicted burns represents <1% of burn admissions. This population demonstrates a high incidence of prior psychiatric disorders. Successful treatment includes multidisciplinary management of acute medical, surgical, and psychiatric care.
Solidarność mimo różnic – solidarność dzięki różnicom. Działaczki Ogólnopolskiego Strajku Kobiet
Authors: Ramme Jennifer , Snochowska-Gonzalez Claudia 
Published: June 2019

W badaniu dotyczącym organizatorek Ogólnopolskiego Strajku Kobiet (OSK) – jednym z największych, jakie dotychczas zrealizowano w Polsce – przeprowadziłyśmy prawie 100 wywiadów CAWI i PAPI z lokalnymi koordynatorkami grup OSK z całego kraju. Naszym celem było poznanie uczestniczek ogólnopolskiej sieci, która w 2016 roku umożliwiła organizację protestów przeciwko próbom kolejnego zaostrzenia restrykcyjnego prawa aborcyjnego. Chciałyśmy dowiedzieć się, co skłoniło je do aktywizmu i czy przed OSK były aktywne społeczno-politycznie również w innych obszarach. Ciekawiło nas też to, jak rozumieją one niejednoznaczne pojęcie „zwykłej kobiety”. Istotnym wnioskiem z badań jest to, że chociaż prawie wszystkie nasze respondentki zgadzają się co do tego, iż uczestniczki Strajku Kobiet w 2016 roku były „zwykłymi kobietami”, to ich sposób użycia terminu „zwykłe” różni się od prawicowych operacjonalizacji tego słowa, wiąże się bowiem przede wszystkim z różnorodnością protestujących. Na podstawie ustaleń dotyczących krzyżujących się pozycji społecznych, na które zwracają uwagę koordynatorki OSK, omawiamy kwestię sprawczości i możliwe bariery ograniczające udział w życiu publicznym.
Heptapod B and the Paradox of Foreknowledge: Confronting Literature and its Filmic Adaptation
Authors: Noletto Israel A. C. , Lopes Sebastião A. T. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ted Chiang’s Story of Your Life (1998) and its filmic adaptation Arrival (2016) both use Heptapod B, an artificial language from extra-terrestrial origin, capable of conferring on its speakers the ability of precognition, as a primordial narrative framework. Innovative as it is, it not only determines the way the stories are recounted, but also raises some very interesting philosophical issues. Focusing on that fantastical language, we promote a comparative analysis of the differing perspectives of the novella writer and the filmmakers regarding the free will and determinism dichotomy in connection with foreknowledge, and how these distinct views may have been influenced by the adaptation process. With the aim of providing a solid basis for such discussion, we collect and review the contributions of Linda Hutcheon, Brian McFarlane, George Bluestone, Linda Gualda as well as of others in relation to the plot developments in the literary text and its filmic adaptation. As a result, we point out what is prioritized or transformed in the adaptation process, thus offering a theoretical and philosophical criticism on the two stories and a comprehensive exegesis of the texts.
Change of cognitive functions after stroke with rehabilitation systems
Authors: Baltaduonienė Daiva , Kubilius Raimondas , Berškienė Kristina , Vitkus Linas , Petruševičienė Daiva 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The objective of this study is to assess and compare the effect of applying a computerised cognitive training programme and virtual environment rehabilitation system on cognitive functions in patients after a stroke. Methods. A controlled trial included 121 persons referred to second stage rehabilitation. The subjects were differentiated into three impact groups by a single blinded trial. Results. The trial revealed that cognitive functions improved in all patient groups (p<0.001). A paired comparison analysis of all groups demonstrated a tendency for cognitive functions, evaluated by the MoCA–LT test, to be more strongly improved in patients who practised a computerised cognitive training programme during their OT sessions than those who did not (p=0.054). Conclusions. The final outcome of the trial was that cognitive functions significantly improved in patients who practised computerised cognitive training programmes or virtual environment rehabilitation systems, compared to those participants who only had occupational therapy sessions.