bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Air trapping in usual interstitial pneumonia pattern at CT: prevalence and prognosis
Authors: Hochhegger Bruno , Sanches Felipe Duenhas , Altmayer Stephan Philip Leonhardt , Pacini Gabriel Sartori , Zanon Matheus , Guedes Álvaro da Costa Batista , Watte Guilherme , Meirelles Gustavo , Barros Marcelo Cardoso , Marchiori Edson , Rubin Adalberto Sperb 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the presence of air trapping in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) (non-IPF), showing the radiological pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP). Retrospectively, we included 69 consecutive patients showing the typical UIP pattern on computed tomography (CT), and 15 final diagnosis of IPF with CT pattern “inconsistent with UIP” due to extensive air trapping. Air trapping at CT was assessed qualitatively by visual analysis and quantitatively by automated-software. In the quantitative analysis, significant air trapping was defined as >6% of voxels with attenuation between −950 to −856 HU on expiratory CT (expiratory air trapping index [ATIexp]) or an expiratory to inspiratory (E/I) ratio of mean lung density >0.87. The sample comprised 51 (60.7%) cases of IPF and 33 (39.3%) cases of non-IPF ILD. Most patients did not have air trapping (E/I ratio ≤0.87, n = 53, [63.1%]; ATIexp ≤6%, n = 45, [53.6%]). Air trapping in the upper lobes was the only variable distinguishing IPF from non-IPF ILD (prevalence, 3.9% vs 33.3%, p < 0.001). In conclusion, air trapping is common in patients with ILDs showing a UIP pattern on CT, as determined by qualitative and quantitative evaluation, and should not be considered to be inconsistent with UIP. On subjective visual assessment, air trapping in the upper lobes was associated with a non-IPF diagnoses.
Changes in short term river flow regulation and hydropeaking in Nordic rivers
Authors: Ashraf Faisal Bin , Haghighi Ali Torabi , Riml Joakim , Alfredsen Knut , Koskela Jarkko J. , Kløve Bjørn , Marttila Hannu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractQuantifying short-term changes in river flow is important in understanding the environmental impacts of hydropower generation. Energy markets can change rapidly and energy demand fluctuates at sub-daily scales, which may cause corresponding changes in regulated river flow (hydropeaking). Due to increasing use of renewable energy, in future hydropower will play a greater role as a load balancing power source. This may increase current hydropeaking levels in Nordic river systems, creating challenges in maintaining a healthy ecological status. This study examined driving forces for hydropeaking in Nordic rivers using extensive datasets from 150 sites with hourly time step river discharge data. It also investigated the influence of increased wind power production on hydropeaking. The data revealed that hydropeaking is at high levels in the Nordic rivers and have seen an increase over the last decade and especially over the past few years. These results indicate that increased building for renewable energy may increase hydropeaking in Nordic rivers.
Effects of Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound on Liposomes Containing Channel proteins
Authors: Babakhanian Meghedi , Yang Limin , Nowroozi Bryan , Saddik George , Boodaghians Lilian , Blount Paul , Grundfest Warren 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe ability to reversibly and non-invasively modulate region-specific brain activity in vivo suggests Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound (LIFU) as potential therapeutics for neurological dysfunctions such as epilepsy and Parkinson’s disease. While in vivo studies provide evidence of the bioeffects of LIFU on neuronal activity, they merely hint at potential mechanisms but do not fully explain how this technology achieves these effects. One potential hypothesis is that LIFU produces local membrane depolarization by mechanically perturbing the neuronal cell membrane, or activating channels or other proteins embedded in the membrane. Proteins that sense mechanical perturbations of the membrane, such as those gated by membrane tension, are prime candidates for activating in response to LIFU and thus leading to the neurological responses that have been measured. Here we use the bacterial mechanosensitive channel MscL, which has been purified and reconstituted in liposomes, to determine how LIFU may affect the activation of this membrane-tension gated channel. Two bacterial voltage-gated channels, KvAP and NaK2K F92A channels were also studied. Surprisingly, the results suggest that ultrasound modulation and membrane perturbation does not induce channel gating, but rather induces pore formation at the membrane protein-lipid interface. However, in vesicles with high MscL mechanosensitive channel concentrations, apparent decreases in pore formation are observed, suggesting that this membrane-tension-sensitive protein may serve to increase the elasticity of the membrane, presumably because of expansion of the channel in the plane of the membrane independent of channel gating.
Engineering the hinge region of human IgG1 Fc-fused bispecific antibodies to improve fragmentation resistance
Authors: Suzuki Saori , Annaka Hiroaki , Konno Shota , Kumagai Izumi , Asano Ryutaro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFc domain fusion can improve the therapeutic effects of relatively small biological molecules such as peptides, cytokines, and antibody fragments. Fc fusion proteins can also be used to enhance the cytotoxic effects of small bispecific antibodies (bsAbs). However, fragmentation of Fc fusion proteins, which mainly occurs around the hinge regions during production, storage, and circulation in the blood, is a major issue. In this study, we first investigated the mechanisms of fragmentation around the hinge region during storage using Fc-fused bsAbs with specificity for epidermal growth factor receptor and CD3 as a model. The fragmentation peaks generated by gel filtration analysis indicated that both contaminating proteases and dissolved active oxygen should be considered causes of fragmentation. We designed and constructed variants by introducing a point mutation into the upper hinge region, which reduced the cleavage caused by dissolved active oxygen, and shortened the hinge region to restrict access of proteases. These hinge modifications improved fragmentation resistance and did not affect the biological activity of the bsAbs in vitro. We confirmed the versatility of the hinge modifications using another Fc-fused bsAb. Our results show that hinge modifications to the Fc fusion protein, especially the introduction of a point mutation into the upper hinge region, can reduce fragmentation substantially, and these modifications can be used to improve the fragmentation resistance of other recombinant Fc fusion proteins.
Guided-mode resonant narrowband terahertz filtering by periodic metallic stripe and patch arrays on cyclo-olefin substrates
Authors: Ferraro Antonio , Zografopoulos Dimitrios C. , Caputo Roberto , Beccherelli Romeo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe experimentally and theoretically demonstrate a class of narrowband transmissive filters in the terahertz spectrum. Their operation is based on the excitation of guided-mode resonances in thin films of the low-loss cyclo-olefin polymer Zeonor, upon which aluminum stripe and patch arrays are patterned via standard photolithography. The filters are engineered to operate in low atmospheric loss THz spectral windows, they exhibit very high transmittance and quality factors, compact thickness, and mechanical stability. The dependence of their filtering properties on the geometrical parameters, the substrate thickness and the angle of incidence is investigated, discussing the physical limitations in their performance. This class of filters provides a cost-effective solution for broadband source or channel filtering in view of emerging terahertz wireless communication systems.
Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT3 is a [2Fe-2S] protein involved in TAG biosynthesis
Authors: Aymé Laure , Arragain Simon , Canonge Michel , Baud Sébastien , Touati Nadia , Bimai Ornella , Jagic Franjo , Louis-Mondésir Christelle , Briozzo Pierre , Fontecave Marc , Chardot Thierry 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAcyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases 3 (DGAT3) are described as plant cytosolic enzymes synthesizing triacylglycerol. Their protein sequences exhibit a thioredoxin-like ferredoxin domain typical of a class of ferredoxins harboring a [2Fe-2S] cluster. The Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT3 (AtDGAT3; At1g48300) protein is detected in germinating seeds. The recombinant purified protein produced from Escherichia coli, although very unstable, exhibits DGAT activity in vitro. A shorter protein version devoid of its N-terminal putative chloroplast transit peptide, Δ46AtDGAT3, was more stable in vitro, allowing biochemical and spectroscopic characterization. The results obtained demonstrate the presence of a [2Fe-2S] cluster in the protein. To date, AtDGAT3 is the first metalloprotein described as a DGAT.
Development of whole brain versus targeted dentate gyrus irradiation model to explain low to moderate doses of exposure effects in mice
Authors: Dos Santos M. , Kereselidze D. , Gloaguen C. , Benadjaoud M. A. , Tack K. , Lestaevel P. , Durand C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEvaluation of the consequences of low to moderate doses of ionizing radiation (IR) remains a societal challenge, especially for children exposed to CT scans. Appropriate experimental models are needed to improve scientific understanding of how exposure of the postnatal brain to IR affects behavioral functions and their related pathophysiological mechanisms, considering brain complex functional organization. In the brain, the dorsal and ventral hippocampal dentate gyrus can be involved in distinct major behavioral functions. To study the long term behavioral effects of brain exposure at low to moderate doses of IR (doses range 0.25–1 Gy), we developed three new experimental models in 10-day-old mice: a model of brain irradiation and two targeted irradiation models of the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus. We used the technological properties of the SARRP coupled with MR imaging. Our irradiation strategy has been twofold endorsed. The millimetric ballistic specificity of our models was first validated by measuring gamma-H2AX increase after irradiation. We then demonstrated higher anxiety/depressive-like behavior, preferentially mediate by the ventral part of the dentate gyrus, in mice after brain and ventral dentate gyrus IR exposure. This work provides new tools to enhance scientific understanding of how to protect children exposed to IR.
A mean-field-theoretic model for dual information propagation in networks
Authors: Niranjan Utkarsh , Singh Anurag , Kumar Agrawal Ramesh 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Internet is a place where a vast amount of information is flowing. With the deeper penetration of social media, everybody is participating in spreading information. Often we find ourselves confused with competing information on the same topic. In this work, we present a novel model for competitive information diffusion on the scale-free network. The proposed model is an extension of the classical DK model of rumour spreading. Most of previous competitive information diffusion models consider a different type of stiflers to be similar. In our model we have two separate compartments for different types of stiflers. We present a detailed analysis about the effect of infection rate on the prevalence of rumour in the network. To capture the large chunk of population one requires relatively higher spreading rate. Relative impact of spreading rate and stifler rate on the final population in different compartments is also presented. In our analysis, we find that if stifler rate is higher than the spreading rate, a large portion of population remains unaware of rumours. We also find that if the information source is a popular person than people have a bias towards that information and information coming from less popular persons lose its grip on the network and lose the competition. This analysis illustrates that why big companies hire famous celebrities to promote their products. We also demonstrate rumour spreading analysis with numerical solution, network simulation and real network topology of Facebook.
The Effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Children’s Health Coverage
Authors: Ugwi Patience , Lyu Wei , Wehby George L. 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Prior research of the impacts of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) on children’s health coverage has been largely descriptive and focused on the Medicaid expansions.

Objective:
This study examined the causal impacts of the PPACA Medicaid expansions and of the PPACA as a whole on children’s health coverage through 2016.

Research Design:
We utilized quasiexperimental difference in differences designs to estimate the Medicaid expansion and overall PPACA effects. The first model compared coverage changes between Medicaid expanding and nonexpanding states by household income level. The second model identified the overall PPACA effects by estimating coverage changes across differences in pre-PPACA area-level uninsured rates in expanding states for which the identifying assumptions were valid. We used data from the American Community Survey for years 2011 through 2016 for 3,630,988 children aged 0–18 years living in the 50 states and District of Columbia.

Results:
The PPACA Medicaid expansions led to gains in public coverage for children at ≤405% federal poverty line especially in 2015–2016. Gains were largest for children at 138%–255% federal poverty line (~4 percentage-point increase in 2016). These gains however were mostly due to switching from private to public coverage (ie, crowd-out effects). As a whole however, the PPACA reduced children’s uninsured rate in Medicaid-expanding states by about 3 percentage-points in 2016.

Conclusions:
The PPACA resulted in a meaningful decline in children’s uninsured rate in Medicaid-expanding states. PPACA provisions targeting private coverage take-up offset crowd-out effects of the Medicaid expansions resulting in lower children’s uninsured rates.
Effectiveness of Tailored Rehabilitation Education in Improving the Health Literacy and Health Status of Postoperative Patients With Breast Cancer
Authors: Huang Szu-Chi , Kuo Shu-Fen , Tsai Pei-Shan , Tsai Chia-Yin , Chen Sheng-Shiung , Lin Chia-Yun , Lin Pi-Chu , Hou Wen-Hsuan 
Published: November 2018

Background
The improvement of breast cancer treatment and the extension of survivorship have led to the development of postoperative complications among cancer survivors. Health literacy (HL), defined as patients’ capability of using health information to maintain their health status, can enable breast cancer patients to manage postoperative complications.

Objective
The aims of this study were to develop a tailored rehabilitation education (TRE) program and examine the effectiveness of this program in improving the HL and health status with breast cancer.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial recruited 99 breast cancer patients (49 and 50 in the intervention and control groups, respectively) within 1 week after surgery. Four-week individualized TRE programs were implemented to improve their HL and health status.

Results
Our results showed that the TRE program produced significant improvements in HL and health status in the components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. However, no significant difference was observed in the activity scores obtained using the Barthel Index between the 2 groups.

Conclusion
Our finding supports the effectiveness of 1-month TRE in improving HL and all components of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health status, except the activity component among breast cancer in Taiwan.

Implications for Practice
Clinicians could incorporate the TRE techniques in the rehabilitation sessions according to the healthcare, disease prevention, and health promotion domains to improve the clinical outcomes as well as change their health behaviors and attitudes of patients with breast cancer.
Perspectives of Chinese Cancer Patients Toward Disclosure of Cancer Diagnosis to Their Minor Children
Authors: Wang Qi , Arber Anne , Shen Aomei , Qiang Wanmin 
Published: November 2018

Background
One of the issues that cancer patients with minor or adolescent children face is whether to inform children about their cancer diagnosis. Their perspectives toward this issue are underexplored in China.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore Chinese cancer parents’ perspectives toward informing children of their diseases.

Methods
Eighteen cancer patients with children younger than 18 years were recruited using purposive sampling. Semistructured, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted using a phenomenological approach. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi’s approach.

Results
Six main themes with 2 to 6 subthemes emerged: (a) inappropriate to disclose the true diagnosis to children, (b) appropriate to disclose the true diagnosis to children, (c) communication content between cancer patients and their children in regard to cancer, (d) attitude on ways of disclosing cancer diagnosis to children, (e) reflections on parenting style, and (f) unmet needs for information and support.

Conclusions
Perspectives of Chinese cancer parents toward truthfully disclosing their diagnosis vary, but all are for the purpose of protecting their children. Study findings indicate that Chinese cancer parents have culture-specific considerations, such as concepts of death and filial piety, which differ from studies in Western countries. Meanwhile, there are barriers between cancer parents and children in communicating about the illness and unmet needs for information and support.

Implications for Practice
Psychosocial assessments and consultations, education, and interventions need to include a focus on the dependent children of adult cancer parents.
Neurocognitive and Metacognitive Profiles of Intact Social Cognition in Prolonged Schizophrenia
Authors: James Alison V. , Johannesen Jason K. , Lysaker Paul H. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Social cognition (SC) appears to contribute to long-term outcomes in schizophrenia; however, little is known about whether different forms of SC are supported by the same cognitive processes. Accordingly, we examined the relationship of two domains of SC: emotion recognition (ER), using the Bell-Lysaker Emotion Recognition Test, and social inference (SI), using the Social Attribution Task–Multiple Choice, to measures of neurocognition, metacognition, theory of mind (ToM), and symptoms. Participants were 72 adults with schizophrenia in a nonacute phase. Multivariate analysis of variance and univariate analysis of variance revealed participants with intact ER had better neurocognition (MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery [MCCB]), metacognition (Metacognition Assessment Scale–Abbreviated), ToM (The Hinting Task), and higher emotional discomfort symptoms than participants with impaired scores. Participants with intact SI had higher MCCB visual and verbal learning and SC scores. Stepwise regressions revealed neurocognition and metacognition uniquely contribute to ER performance. Results suggest ER and SI are differentially related to cognitive processes.
Mortality of Critically Ill Children Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Effect of Fluid Overload, Underlying Disease, and Timing of Initiation*
Authors: Cortina Gerard , McRae Rosemary , Hoq Monsurul , Donath Susan , Chiletti Roberto , Arvandi Marjan , Gothe Raffaella M. , Joannidis Michael , Butt Warwick 
Published: November 2018

Objective:
To identify risk factors associated with mortality in critically ill children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy.

Design:
Retrospective observational study based on a prospective registry.

Setting:
Tertiary and quaternary referral 30-bed PICU.

Patients:
Critically ill children undergoing continuous renal replacement therapy were included in the study.

Interventions:
Continuous renal replacement therapy.

Measurements and Main Results:
Overall mortality was 36% (n = 58) among the 161 patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy during the study period and was significantly higher in patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (47.5%, 28 of 59) than in patients not requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (28.4%, 29 of 102; p = 0.022). According to the admission diagnosis, we found the highest mortality in patients with onco-hematologic disease (77.8%) and the lowest in patients with renal disease (5.6%). Based on multivariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of higher severity of illness score at admission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.18–1.89; p < 0.001), onco-hematologic disease (odds ratio, 17.10; 95% CI, 4.10–72.17; p < 0.001), fluid overload 10%–20% (odds ratio, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.33–11.07; p = 0.013), greater than 20% (odds ratio, 15.03; 95% CI, 4.03–56.05; p < 0.001), and timing of initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.00–1.01; p = 0.040) were independently associated with mortality. In our population, the odds of dying increases by 1% for every hour of delay in continuous renal replacement therapy initiation from ICU admission.

Conclusions:
Mortality in children requiring continuous renal replacement therapy remains high and seems to be related to the underlying disease, the severity of illness, and the degree of fluid overload. In critically ill children at high risk for developing acute kidney injury and fluid overload, earlier initiation of continuous renal replacement therapy might result in decreased mortality.
Advanced Robotic Angiography Systems for Image Guidance During Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization
Authors: Vogl Thomas J. , Alizadeh Leona S. , Maeder Richard , Naguib Nagy N. , Herrmann Eva , Bickford Matthew W. , Burck Iris , Albrecht Moritz H. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare 2 advanced robotic angiography systems for real-time image guidance in terms of radiation dose and image quality (IQ) during conventional transarterial chemoembolization (C-TACE) of hepatic malignant tumors.

Materials and Methods
One hundred six patients (57 women/49 men; mean age, 60 ± 11 years) who had undergone C-TACE using 2 generations of robotic angiography platforms for image guidance were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into 2 groups (n = 53, respectively): group 1 (first generation) and group 2 (second generation). Radiation dose for fluoroscopy and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was compared between first-generation and second-generation angiography equipment, respectively. Among several features of the second-generation compared with the first-generation system, improvements included a refined crystalline detector system for enhanced noise reduction and advanced CARE filter software for lowering radiation dose. Radiation dose was measured using an ionization chamber. Image quality was assessed by 3 radiologists using 5-point Likert scales.

Results
Both groups were comparable in terms of number and location of lesions, as well as body weight, body mass index, and anatomical variants of feeding hepatic arteries (all P > 0.05). Dose-area product (DAP) for fluoroscopy was significantly lower in group 2 (1.4 ± 1.1 Gy·cm2) compared with group 1 (2.8 ± 3.4 Gy·cm2; P = 0.001). For DSA, DAP was significantly lower (P = 0.003) in group 2 (2.2 ± 1.2 Gy·cm2) versus group 1 (4.7 ± 2.3 Gy·cm2). Scores for DSA IQ indicated significant improvements for group 2 by 30% compared with group 1 (P = 0.004). Regarding fluoroscopy, scores for IQ were 76% higher in group 2 compared with group 1 (P = 0.001). Good to excellent interrater agreement with Fleiss kappa coefficients of κ = 0.75 for group 1 and κ = 0.74 for group 2 were achieved.

Conclusions
Most recent generation robotic angiography equipment allows for considerable radiation dose reductions while improving IQ in fluoroscopy and DSA image guidance during C-TACE treatment.