bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between dysphagia and tongue pressure during swallowing in Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Minagi Y. , Ono T. , Hori K. , Fujiwara S. , Tokuda Y. , Murakami K. , Maeda Y. , Sakoda S. , Yokoe M. , Mihara M. , Mochizuki H. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAlthough dysphagia is a life‐threatening problem in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the pathophysiology of oropharyngeal dysphagia is yet to be understood. This study investigated the tongue motor function during swallowing in relation to dysphagia and the severity of PD. Thirty patients with PD (14 males and 16 females; average age, 69.4 years), Hoehn and Yahr stage II‐IV, in Osaka University Hospital are participated in this study. During swallowing 5 ml of water, tongue pressure on the hard palate was measured using a sensor sheet with 5 measuring points. The maximal tongue pressure at each measuring point during swallowing was compared between patients with PD and healthy controls. Subjective assessment of oropharyngeal dysphagia was performed using Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire‐Japanese. The maximal tongue pressure at each measuring point was significantly lower in patients with PD than in healthy controls (8 males and 12 females; average age, 71.6 years). Furthermore, the maximal tongue pressure was significantly lower in dysphagic PD patients than non‐dysphagic PD patients. Loss of tongue pressure production at the anterior part of the hard palate was strongly related to dysphagia in the oral phase as well as in the pharyngeal phase. An abnormal pattern of tongue pressure production was more frequently observed in dysphagic PD patients than in non‐dysphagic PD patients. The results suggest that tongue pressure measurement might be useful for early and quantitative detection of tongue motor disability during swallowing in patients with PD.
Frequency of awake bruxism behaviours in the natural environment. A 7‐day, multiple‐point observation of real‐time report in healthy young adults
Authors: Bracci A. , Djukic G. , Favero L. , Salmaso L. , Guarda‐Nardini L. , Manfredini D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess awake bruxism (AB) behaviours in a sample of healthy young adults using a smartphone‐based application for a real‐time report (ie, ecological momentary assessment [EMA], also called experience sampling method [ESM]). Forty‐six dental students used a smartphone application that sent 15 alerts at random intervals during the day for 1 week to collect AB self‐reports. They had to answer on time by tapping on the display icon that refers to their current condition of jaw muscles: relaxed; teeth contact; teeth clenching; teeth grinding; jaw clenching without teeth contact (ie, bracing). The average frequency of relaxed jaw muscles, as a percentage of answers over the 7 days, was 71.7%. Teeth contact (14.5%) and jaw clenching (10.0%) were the most frequent AB behaviours. No significant gender differences were detected. Interindividual differences were quite relevant, but the overall frequency was in general only moderately variable from day‐to‐day. Coefficient of variation (CV) was low for the condition “relaxed jaw muscles” (0.44). At the individual level, teeth contact was the most prevalent behaviour, with a 39.1%‐52.2% proportion of subjects reporting it at least once a day. During a 7‐day observation period, the frequency of real‐time report of AB behaviours in a sample of healthy young adults was 28.3%. The low daily variability in the average frequency value for the relaxed jaw muscles condition suggests that EMA may be a reliable strategy to get deeper into the epidemiology of oral behaviours. This investigation introduced EMA principles to the study of AB and provided data on the frequency of AB behaviours in young adults that could be compared to populations with risk/associated factors and possible clinical consequences.
Monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics, targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor family: from herceptin to Pan HER
Authors: Moradi-Kalbolandi Shima , Hosseinzade Aysooda , Salehi Malihe , Merikhian Parnaz , Farahmand Leila 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Monoclonal antibody-based of cancer therapy has been considered as one of the most successful therapeutic strategies for both haematologic malignancies and solid tumours in the last two decades. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family signalling pathways play a key role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. Hence, anti-EGFR family mAbs is one of the most promising approaches in cancer therapy.

Key findings
Here, recent advances in anti-EGFR mAb including approved or successfully tested in preclinical and clinical studies have been reviewed. Although we focus on monoclonal antibodies against the EGF receptor, but the mechanisms underlying the effects of EGFR-specific mAb in cancer therapy, to some extend the resistance to existing anti-EGFR therapies and some therapeutic strategies to overcome resistance such as combination of mAbs on different pathways are briefly discussed as well.

Summary
The EGFR family receptors, is considered as an attractive target for mAb development to inhibit their consecutive activities in tumour growth and resistance. However, due to resistance mechanisms, the combination therapies may become a good candidate for targeting EGFR family receptors.
Melatonin prevents Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission in diabetic hearts through SIRT1‐PGC1α pathway
Authors: Ding Mingge , Feng Na , Tang Daishi , Feng Jiahao , Li Zeyang , Jia Min , Liu Zhenhua , Gu Xiaoming , Wang Yuemin , Fu Feng , Pei Jianming 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMyocardial contractile dysfunction is associated with an increase in mitochondrial fission in patients with diabetes. However, whether mitochondrial fission directly promotes diabetes‐induced cardiac dysfunction is still unknown. Melatonin exerts a substantial influence on the regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion. This study investigated whether melatonin protects against diabetes‐induced cardiac dysfunction via regulation of mitochondrial fission/fusion and explored its underlying mechanisms. Here, we show that melatonin prevented diabetes‐induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1)‐mediated mitochondrial fission. Melatonin treatment decreased Drp1 expression, inhibited mitochondrial fragmentation, suppressed oxidative stress, reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, improved mitochondrial function and cardiac function in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice, but not in SIRT1−/− diabetic mice. In high glucose‐exposed H9c2 cells, melatonin treatment increased the expression of SIRT1 and PGC‐1α and inhibited Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondria‐derived superoxide production. In contrast, SIRT1 or PGC‐1α siRNA knockdown blunted the inhibitory effects of melatonin on Drp1 expression and mitochondrial fission. These data indicated that melatonin exerted its cardioprotective effects by reducing Drp1‐mediated mitochondrial fission in a SIRT1/PGC‐1α‐dependent manner. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that PGC‐1α directly regulated the expression of Drp1 by binding to its promoter. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission with Drp1 inhibitor mdivi‐1 suppressed oxidative stress, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and cardiac dysfunction in diabetic mice. These findings show that melatonin attenuates the development of diabetes‐induced cardiac dysfunction by preventing mitochondrial fission through SIRT1‐PGC1α pathway, which negatively regulates the expression of Drp1 directly. Inhibition of mitochondrial fission may be a potential target for delaying cardiac complications in patients with diabetes.
Synergistic anti‐oomycete effect of melatonin with a biofungicide against oomycetic black shank disease
Authors: Zhang Shumin , Liu Sen , Zhang Jiankui , Reiter Russel J. , Wang Ying , Qiu Dan , Luo Xiumei , Khalid A. Rehman , Wang Hanyan , Feng Li , Lin Zhenghong , Ren Maozhi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman health, food safety, and agriculture have been threatened by oomycetic diseases caused by notorious pathogenic oomycetes. Chemical oomyceticides are the main approaches in control of pathogenic oomycetes. However, the overused chemical oomyceticides have resulted in serious environmental pollution and drug resistance. The eco‐friendly bio‐oomyceticides are required for sustainable development through screening synergistic drug combinations. In this study, Phytophthora nicotianae (P. nicotianae), as one of the most destructive oomycetic diseases in agriculture, was used as a model system to screen the novel bio‐oomyceticides based on drug combination. The results showed that treatment of melatonin or ethylicin (IUPAC Name: 1‐ethylsulfonylsulfanylethane) alone displayed similar phenotypes such as the inhibition of the hyphal growth, reduction of the cell viability, and suppression of the virulence of P. nicotianae. Importantly, melatonin and ethylicin shared the same targets of interfering with the amino acid metabolism, overexpressing apoptosis‐inducing factor, and dysregulating the virulence‐related genes. Furthermore, strong synergism against P. nicotianae was induced by combining melatonin with ethylicin. Under treatment of the combination of melatonin and ethylicin, the expression of genes associated with amino acid, the apoptosis‐inducing factor, and the virulence‐related genes was much more significantly dysregulated than that of single drug treatment. Thus, the tobacco black shank caused by P. nicotianae can be successfully controlled using the combination of melatonin and ethylicin. These observations suggest that the synergistic effect based on the combination of melatonin and ethylicin is an eco‐friendly alternative for the control of the destructive oomycetic diseases.
Estimate of choline nutritional requirements for chicks from 1 to 21 days of age
Authors: de Lima M. B. , da Silva E. P. , Pereira R. , Romano G. G. , de Freitas L. W. , Dias C. T. S. , Menten J. F. M. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCholine is an essential nutrient in poultry diets because it performs various important metabolic functions. The objective of this study was to re‐evaluate the choline requirements of male broiler chickens from 1 to 21 days of age at two levels of methionine. Two assays using 2,160 Cobb® chickens (1,080 in each assay) were conducted. The study design was completely randomized and consisted of six treatments and six replicates, with 30 animals per experimental unit. The semipurified basal diet was formulated with corn, soya bean meal, soya protein concentrate, starch and sugar, providing 390 mg/kg choline and 0.593% digestible methionine (requirement level) in Assay 1 and a reduction of about one‐quarter in the requirement level of digestible methionine (0.440%) in Assay 2. Choline chloride (62.5%) was added by a supplementation technique to both basal diets to compose crescent levels of choline supplementation (715, 1,040, 1,365, 1,690 and 2,015 mg/kg). The weight gain responses were fitted using quadratic polynomial (QP) and broken‐line (BL) models. The ideal intake of choline (mg/bird.day) was estimated from the first intercept of the QP with the BL plateau (BL + QP). The results showed that the diet with the 25% reduction in digestible methionine limited the maximum weight gain by approximately 10%. The choline requirements of broilers from 1 to 7, 1 to 14 and 1 to 21 days of age were 27,013, 44,458 and 62,535 mg/bird.day, respectively, for the requirement level of digestible methionine and 26,796, 41,820 and 56,578 mg/bird.day for the broilers receiving the diet with the 25% reduction in digestible methionine.
Subgingival glycine powder air‐polishing as an additional approach to nonsurgical periodontal therapy in subjects with untreated chronic periodontitis
Authors: Tsang Y. C. , Corbet E. F. , Jin L. J. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectiveGlycine powder air‐polishing (GPAP) is an alternative approach to removing subgingival plaque biofilms for effective periodontal therapy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of subgingival GPAP as an additional approach to nonsurgical periodontal treatment in subjects with chronic periodontitis.Material and MethodsTwenty‐seven nonsmoking subjects were recruited. Two quadrants in each subject were randomly assigned, according to a split‐mouth design, to receive scaling and root planing (SRP) and GPAP (Test group) or SRP and air flushing with water (Control group) at sites with probing depth ≥5 mm. Clinical parameters, gingival crevicular fluid volumes and the concentrations of interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐1ra in gingival crevicular fluid were measured at baseline and 1, 3 and 6 months after the treatments.ResultsAt baseline, no statistically significant difference in periodontal and gingival crevicular fluid parameters was found between the Test and Control groups. Overall, the periodontal conditions of all subjects showed significant improvement after the treatments. Notably, the Test group showed greater reduction in gingival crevicular fluid volume (0.37 ± 0.26 μL) than the Control group (0.23 ± 0.30 μL) at 3 months (P < .05). The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐1ra showed a significant decrease in both groups at 6 months, and no significant difference was found between the groups.ConclusionThese preliminary results suggest that GPAP, as an additional approach to nonsurgical periodontal treatment, may be beneficial for the short‐term improvement of subclinical inflammation when measured by gingival crevicular fluid volume. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to clarify the exact benefits of GPAP treatment for controlling inflammation and maintaining long‐term periodontal health.
Cigarette smoke modifies neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammatory response‐related gene expression
Authors: White P. C. , Hirschfeld J. , Milward M. R. , Cooper P. R. , Wright H. J. , Matthews J. B. , Chapple I. L.C. 
Published: March 2018

Background and ObjectiveCigarette smoking is a major risk factor for periodontitis, and smoking perturbs neutrophil reactive oxygen species production. This study tested the hypothesis that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and its components/metabolites nicotine, cotinine and thiocyanate (SCN‐), may influence neutrophil functions.Material and MethodsChemotaxis was assessed in neutrophils pre‐treated with CSE using real‐time video microscopy. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) release in response to CSE, nicotine, cotinine, SCN‐ as well as to phorbol 12‐myristate‐13‐acetate and hypochlorous acid following pre‐treatment with CSE, nicotine, cotinine or SCN‐ was assessed using fluorescence‐based assays. The impact of CSE and SCN‐ treatment on neutrophil respiratory burst‐ and inflammation‐related gene expression (NFKBIE, DNAJB1, CXCL8, NCF1, NCF2, CYBB) was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsBoth CSE and SCN‐ pre‐treatment inhibited phorbol 12‐myristate‐13‐acetate‐stimulated NET release. Additionally, SCN‐ inhibited hypochlorous acid‐stimulated NET formation, while SCN‐ alone stimulated NET release. Overall, neutrophils pre‐treated with CSE exhibited reduced speed, velocity and directionality relative to untreated neutrophils. Although CSE and SCN‐ promoted DNAJB1 expression, increased redox‐related gene expression was only detected in response to SCN‐.ConclusionThese results suggest that CSE can alter ex vivo neutrophil activation by mechanisms independent of SCN‐ and nicotine, and SCN‐ may contribute to the perturbed innate immune responses observed in smokers.
Canine total hip replacement using a cementless threaded cup and stem: a review of 55 cases
Authors: Denny H. R. , Linnell M. , Maddox T. W. , Comerford E. J. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo determine the long‐term results and complications associated with the Helica® cementless hip endoprosthesis system.Materials and MethodsRetrospective study of 55 consecutive Helica total hip replacements performed between January 2010 and February 2015.ResultsA total of 55 total hip replacements were performed in 50 dogs; 45 dogs had unilateral hip replacements, and five had staged bilateral replacements. A total of 23 first‐generation short femoral stems were implanted in 22 dogs, of which nine cases (39%) experienced complications and 19 (86%) recovered satisfactorily when revisions were included; 31 second‐generation femoral stems were implanted in 28 dogs, of which 10 cases (32%) experienced complications, and 26 (93%) made satisfactory recoveries, including revisions. In 36 dogs for which data were available, postoperative Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs scores were significantly reduced compared to preoperative scores. Complications occurred in a total of 19 cases (34·5%; 95% confidence interval: 22 to 47·1%); the most common was aseptic loosening of the femoral stem [11 cases (20%; 95% confidence interval: 9·4 to 30·6%)]. Following multivariable analysis, no risk factors were identified for overall complications, but there was a significant association of implant type (first‐generation short stem) with loosening (odds ratio 4·9, 95% confidence interval: 1·1 to 22·1, P=0·034).Clinical SignificanceThis study found the Helica hip endoprosthesis system to be effective in the management of hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis in dogs. Aseptic loosening of the femoral stem remains the most common complication but appears to have been significantly reduced with the introduction of the second‐generation stem.
Rheological characterization of thickened protein‐based beverages under different food thickeners and setting times
Authors: Kim Chong‐Yun , Yoo Byoungseung 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effects of different setting times (15–120 min) on the rheological properties of cold thickened protein‐based beverage (PBB) samples prepared with different xanthan gum (XG)‐based food thickeners were examined. In this study, four commercial XG‐based food thickeners (coded A–D) and three commercial PBB products (whole milk, skim milk, and soybean milk) were used to prepare thickened PBB samples at a 3% thickener concentration. The fastest increases in ηa,50 values of thickened PBB samples were observed at 15 min, and at longer time periods their ηa,50 values gradually increased or remained constant with an increase in setting time (15–120 min). The magnitudes of the rheological parameters (ηa,50, K, G′, and G″) of thickened PBB samples with thickener A were significantly higher compared with those with other thickeners (coded B, C, and D). The flow and dynamic rheological properties of thickened PBB samples prepared with different XG‐based thickeners were significantly different (p < .05), demonstrating that their rheological properties were greatly affected by the type of PBB and thickener as well as the setting time.Practical statementsFood thickeners have been commonly used in the preparation of various thickened fluids with desirable rheological properties for dysphagic patients to elicit an optimal swallow response. However, among various thickened fluids, there is limited rheological information on cold thickened protein‐based beverage (PBB) (e.g., whole milk, skim milk, and soybean milk) prepared with various xanthan gum (XG)‐based thickeners. Our flow and dynamic rheological results showed that the flow and viscoelastic properties of the thickened PBB samples prepared with different food thickeners were dependent on the PBB type, thickener type, and setting time. These rheological results presented in this study will provide both thickener manufacturers and clinicians with valuable information for thickened PBB products with desirable rheological properties for safe and easy swallowing. New knowledge of the different rheological characterizations of thickened PBB can be practically applied to develop the commercial dysphagia thickeners suitable for PBB in food industry.
An evaluation of serum gentamicin concentrations and bacterial susceptibility to gentamicin in equine practice
Authors: Durham Andy E. 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundTherapeutic drug monitoring and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data allow more informed use of gentamicin.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo measure peak and trough serum gentamicin concentrations in horses after a 6.6 mg/kg dose of gentamicin given IV and the MIC of gentamicin of bacteria for which gentamicin might be selected.MethodsRetrospective analysis of hospital records. Peak and trough plasma gentamicin concentrations were measured after 6.6 mg/kg gentamicin IV in 339 hospitalized horses. The MIC of gentamicin was measured for 503 isolates from ambulatory practice and 33 from hospital practice. The distribution of gentamicin concentrations and MIC results were compared to current recommendations for MIC breakpoints.ResultsThe median serum gentamicin concentration at 60 minutes after administration (C60min) was 21.4 μg/mL with a distribution indicating that bacteria with MIC ≥2 μg/mL were unlikely to be exposed to sufficient gentamicin for effective killing. Approximately 90% of isolates from ambulatory practice and 36% of hospital isolates had MICs at or below breakpoints for susceptibility with most of the remainder unlikely to be responsive, even to higher IV doses.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceGentamicin at a dosage of 6.6 mg/kg IV is likely to be effective against the majority of infections encountered in ambulatory practice, but less effective in an equine hospital. Because there was a dichotomy of most bacteria as being clearly susceptible or clearly resistant to gentamicin, it appears unlikely that higher doses would have been more efficacious, especially in the hospitalized population in our study.
Effects of fenoldopam on kidney function parameters and its therapeutic efficacy in the management of acute kidney injury in dogs with heatstroke
Authors: Segev Gilad , Bruchim Yaron , Berl Noga , Cohen Adar , Aroch Itamar 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is common in dogs, but evidence of efficacy of its treatment is lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of fenoldopam in the management of AKI.AnimalsForty dogs with naturally occurring heatstroke.MethodsDogs were prospectively enrolled and divided into treatment and the placebo groups(fenoldopam, constant rate infusion [CRI] of 0.1 µg/kg/min or saline, respectively). Urine production (UP) was measured using a closed system. Urinary clearances were performed at 4, 12, and 24 hours after presentation to estimate the effect of fenoldopam on UP, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and sodium fractional excretion (NaFE).ResultsAt presentation, severity of heatstroke, based on a previously developed scoring system, was similar between the study groups, but was significantly worse in nonsurvivors compared with survivors. Fenoldopam administration was not associated with hypotension. Overt AKI was diagnosed, based on the International Renal Interest Society guidelines in 22/40 (55%) of the dogs. Overall, 14/40 dogs (35%) died, with no significant (P = .507) mortality rate difference between the fenoldopam (6/20 dogs; 30%) and placebo (8/20; 40%) groups. The proportion of dogs with AKI did not differ between the fenoldopam and the placebo groups (9/20; 45% versus 13/20; 65%, respectively;P = .204). There were no differences in UP, GFR, and NaFE between the fenoldopam and the placebo groups.Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceFenoldopam CRI at 0.1 µg/kg/min did not have a clinically relevant effect on kidney function parameters in dogs with severe heatstroke‐associated AKI.