bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appendicorectal fistula with a novel solution: First case report and review of the literature
Authors: McCrystal Shaun , Kong Joseph , Gourlas Peter , Morris Bradley , Lutton Nicholas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAppendicorectal fistula can be a cause of chronic abdominal pain, forming years after an occult episode of appendicitis. It can be diagnosed with Colonoscopy and Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and successfully treated surgically with laparoscopic appendicectomy and stapled segmental cuff resection of the rectum.
A case of paediatric bladder bilharzioma in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Pinto Sohan Zane , Friedman Robin , Van Den Berg Eunice Joy 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOn cystoscopy, a polypoidal tumor was observed and biopsied, and histology confirmed it to be an inflammatory mass with schistosoma eggs called a bilharzioma. We highlight this case to emphasize the silent destructive potential of schistosomiasis which the World Health Organization considers a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). A high degree of suspicion is often needed at the primary health care level to prevent morbidity.
In Situ Transformation of Prussian‐Blue Analogue‐Derived Bimetallic Carbide Nanocubes by Water Oxidation: Applications for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: He Bowen , Kuang Panyong , Li Xiaohe , Chen Hu , Yu Jiaguo , Fan Ke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUsing bimetallic Prussian blue analogue (PBA) as a precursor is effective for preparing electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER); however, the role of these PBA‐derived catalysts in the OER is still ambiguous. Herein, by simply controlling synthesis temperature, a bimetallic PBA‐derived O,N‐codoped Ni–Fe carbide, can be well tuned to optimize structure and OER performance. Importantly, by a series of ex situ and in situ investigations, real active species of NiFeOxHy are in situ formed on the surface during the OER, which reveals a “pre‐catalyst” role of O,N‐codoped Ni–Fe carbides. Furthermore, it has been successfully applied to highly efficient Zn–air batteries and outplays its RuO2 counterpart. When applied to photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation as the co‐catalyst, it improves the performance of the BiVO4 photoanode by enhancing hole collecting and transporting ability. We believe this research not only provides a highly efficient and low‐cost electrocatalyst for the OER, but also unveils the “pre‐catalyst” role of PBA‐derived materials in energy‐storage and conversion devices.
Chromium Oxide Tetrafluoride and Its Reactions with Xenon Hexafluoride; the [XeF5]+ and [Xe2F11]+ Salts of the [CrVIOF5]−, [CrVOF5]2−, [CrV2O2F8]2−, and [CrIVF6]2− Anions
Authors: Goettel James T. , Bortolus Mark R. , Stuart Daniel G. , Mercier Hélène P. A. , Schrobilgen Gary J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMolten mixtures of XeF6 and CrVIOF4 react by means of F2 elimination to form [XeF5][Xe2F11][CrVOF5]⋅2 CrVIOF4, [XeF5]2[CrIVF6]⋅2 CrVIOF4, [Xe2F11]2[CrIVF6], and [XeF5]2[CrV2O2F8], whereas their reactions in anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (aHF) and CFCl3/aHF yield [XeF5]2[CrV2O2F8]⋅2 HF and [XeF5]2[CrV2O2F8]⋅2 XeOF4. Other than [Xe2F11][MVIOF5] and [XeF5][MVI2O2F9] (M=Mo or W), these salts are the only Group 6 oxyfluoro‐anions known to stabilize noble‐gas cations. Their reaction pathways involve redox transformations that give [XeF5]+ and/or [Xe2F11]+ salts of the known [CrVOF5]2− and [CrIVF6]2− anions, and the novel [CrV2O2F8]2− anion. A low‐temperature Raman spectroscopic study of an equimolar mixture of solid XeF6 and CrOF4 revealed that [Xe2F11][CrVIOF5] is formed as a reaction intermediate. The salts were structurally characterized by LT single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and LT Raman spectroscopy, and provide the first structural characterizations of the [CrVOF5]2− and [CrV2O2F8]2− anions, where [CrV2O2F8]2− represents a new structural motif among the known oxyfluoro‐anions of Group 6. The X‐ray structures show that [XeF5]+ and [Xe2F11]+ form ion pairs with their respective anions by means of Xe‐ ‐ ‐F–Cr bridges. Quantum‐chemical calculations were carried out to obtain the energy‐minimized, gas‐phase geometries and the vibrational frequencies of the anions and their ion pairs and to aid in the assignments of their Raman spectra.
Population ecology and the management of whale watching operations on a data‐deficient dolphin population
Authors: Fumagalli Maddalena , Cesario Amina , Costa Marina , Notarbartolo di Sciara Giuseppe , Harraway John , Slooten Elisabeth 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Whale watching is a popular commercial activity, producing socio‐ecological benefits but also potential long‐term effects on the targeted cetacean population. This industry is currently developing in data‐deficient contexts in a largely unregulated fashion. Management schemes should adopt precaution and be informed by the relevant literature, but would be more effective if the assessment of the target population vulnerability, biological impacts, and management implications was drawn from site‐specific data.

This paper focuses on a reef‐associated, data‐deficient population of spinner dolphins in the Egyptian Red Sea. In Satayah Reef, new information on population size and dynamic parameters were documented using visual observation and photo‐identification‐based capture–recapture methods (Cormack–Jolly–Seber time‐since‐marking model).

Dolphins occurred on 98% of the survey days. Average school size was 66 individuals (±42.1 SE), with most groups including calves. The population was equally divided into recurrent and transient individuals. An “emigration + mortality” model best described residence at the site. Five recurrent males (5% of the Satayah population) provided connectivity between this and the geographically close population of Samadai Reef.

Average annual survival probability was 0.83 (±0.06 SE) in the year following first capture and 0.99 (±0.06 SE) for recurrent individuals. Mean yearly population sizes ranged 143–207 individuals.

The study had the power to detect a 30% decline in the population, but not the rate of change in abundance estimated from the data (r = 0.018 ± 0.04), which would have required a 3‐ to 5‐times longer study.

Synthesis and application: These findings advance the assessment of the Satayah population's intrinsic vulnerability and have three major management applications: (a) the delineation of management units; (b) the identification of key indicators for future impact monitoring and assessment; and (c) realistic estimates of the statistical power for trend detection. Based on our results, we recommend supporting future research, devising site‐specific time–area closure plans, and integrating them in a regional scheme. Approaches employed in this case study can inform the management of whale watching industries targeting other data‐deficient populations.
Thermal variability drives synchronicity of an aquatic insect resource pulse
Authors: Anderson Heidi E. , Albertson Lindsey K. , Walters David M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSpatial heterogeneity in environmental conditions can prolong food availability by desynchronizing the timing of ephemeral, high‐magnitude resource pulses. Spatial patterns of water temperature are highly variable among rivers as determined by both natural and anthropogenic features, but the influence of this variability on freshwater resource pulse phenology is poorly documented. We quantified water temperature and emergence phenology of an aquatic insect (salmonfly, Pteronarcys californica) resource pulse in two rivers characterized by differing catchment topography and human impact. Along both rivers, salmonfly emergence occurred earlier where spring temperatures were warmer. Emergence events were brief (4–8 d) at sites in the more human‐impacted river, but occurred asynchronously along the entire river, lasting 27 d in total. In contrast, emergence events were more prolonged (6–11 d) at sites on the more natural and topographically complex river, but occurred synchronously along the entire river, lasting 13 d in total. These scale‐specific differences in subsidy duration could have opposing consequences for salmonfly consumers depending on their mobility and foraging habits. Asynchronous emergence at a large scale is potentially most important for mobile consumers like birds and fish that can migrate to feed on aquatic insects and track resource waves across a landscape, whereas prolonged emergence duration at a smaller scale may be most important for immobile or opportunistic consumers like spiders and ants. Relating environmental heterogeneity and resource pulse phenology across a gradient of human impact and at multiple spatial scales is needed for a better understanding of how food availability, aquatic–terrestrial linkages, and consumer–resource dynamics may change with climate variability and increasing human activity in the future.
Planned home birth in Slovenia—Are we ready?
Authors: Takač Iztok , Belak Urška , Gorjup Denis , Kavšek Gorazd , Macun Eva , Medved Robert , Mihevc Ponikvar Barbara , Mole Helena , Mujezinović Faris , Najdenov Peter , Prelec Anita , Premru Sršen Tanja , Mikluš Milena , Serdinšek Tamara , Sobočan Monika , Steblovnik Lili , Tičar Zdenka , Horvat Martina , Jamšek Tina , Arko Darja 
Published: August 2019

SummaryNowadays, women want a more intimate and familiar atmosphere during labour, which results in increased planned home birth rates. Every woman has the autonomy to decide where she will give birth; however, it is important that she is informed of risks and advantages beforehand. Home births can be distinguished between planned and unplanned home births. Planned home births can be conducted by professional birth attendants (licensed midwives) or birth assistants (doulas, etc). The rates of Slovenian women who decided to deliver at home are increasing year by year.Researches on home births still present discordant data about home birth safety. Their findings have shown that the main advantage of home birth is a spontaneous birth without medical interventions, especially in multiparous low‐risk women. The main disadvantage, however, is a higher risk for neonatal death, in particular on occurrence of complications requiring a transfer to hospital and surgical intervention. Global guidelines emphasize careful selection of candidates suitable for home birth, well‐informed pregnant women, education of birth attendants, and strict formation of transfer indications.
Perspectives of a pharmacist‐run pharmacogenomic service for depression in interdisciplinary family medicine practices
Authors: Weinstein Sara , Carroll Joni C. , Jukic Sejla , Mcgivney Melissa Somma , Klatt Patricia 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesPharmacists in primary care practices are uniquely positioned to use pharmacogenomic data to drive personalized medical treatment for patients with depression. To date, there are limited data exploring the implementation and utility of a pharmacist‐run pharmacogenomic service within physician office practices. This project explored pharmacist and physician perspectives on how to implement a pharmacist‐run pharmacogenomic service to optimize pharmacotherapy and aid in informed decision‐making when initiating treatment for depression in primary care practices.MethodsFamily medicine physicians and their associated pharmacists were invited via email to participate in semi‐structured, key informant interviews with a pharmacist investigator. Interview questions were informed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were independently coded by two investigators. Coding discrepancies were resolved. A thematic analysis was performed.ResultsTwenty‐one interviews were conducted. Six major themes emerged upon analysis: (1) Utilizing pharmacogenomics in the primary care setting may be a tool to help individualize initial medication selection for patients with depression; (2) Implementing a pharmacist‐driven pharmacogenomics service begins with a prescriber‐patient interaction and includes a subsequent team‐based approach with open lines of communication; (3) Trained pharmacists who have collaborative relationships with an outpatient physician practice should interpret pharmacogenomic results and select appropriate pharmacotherapy; (4) Appropriate patient selection, engagement, and education are critical factors to consider when designing a pharmacist‐driven pharmacogenomics service; (5) Patient monitoring and follow‐up responsibilities will be shared amongst team members and; (6) Education on Interpretation and Implementation of Pharmacogenomic Data for the Treatment of Depression is Necessary for Health Care Professionals.ConclusionsPhysicians and pharmacists view pharmacogenomics as a useful tool to individualize pharmacotherapy for patients with depression. Team‐based care is required for patient engagement, effective communication, and follow‐up. Pharmacists are key team members who will interpret pharmacogenomic results and provide requisite recommendations.
Three‐dimensional electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Lin Weimin , Chen Miao , Qu Tao , Li Jidong , Man Yi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractElectrospinning technology has been widely used in the past few decades to prepare nanofibrous scaffolds that mimic extracellular matrices. However, traditional two‐dimensional (2D) electrospun nanofibrous mats still have some inherent disadvantages for bone tissue engineering, such as limited cell infiltration and lack of three‐dimensional (3D) structure. The development of 3D electrospun scaffolds with larger pore sizes and porosity provides new perspectives for electrospinning‐based tissue engineering scaffolds. However, there are still some challenges and areas for improvement. In this review, the applications of 3D electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds in the field of bone tissue engineering from its fabrication methods to bio‐functionalization are summarized, with the aim of providing new insights into the design of electrospinning‐based bone tissue engineering scaffolds.
Identification and functional expression of two subtypes of glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase differently regulating triacylglyceride synthesis during ovary development in Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis
Authors: Zhu Wangling , Guo Qing , Cheng Yongxu , Wu Xugan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTriacylglycerides (TAG) are a pivotal nutrient for crustacean reproduction, rapidly accumulating in gonads and hepatopancreas during the ovary development. Glycerol‐3‐phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) is the enzyme catalyzing the first step in TAG synthesis. In the present study, two EsGPATs subtypes (EsGPAT1 and EsGPAT2) were identified and characterized. The transcript of EsGPAT1 was highly expressed in thoracic ganglia, hepatopancreas and ovary, while EsGPAT2 was mainly detected in nervous tissues and intestine. During the ovary development, in hepatopancreas, the expression levels of EsGPAT1 increased from Stage I to its maximum at Stage IV and then declined sharply. The transcription levels of EsGPAT2 were highest at Stage I and then gradually declined to reach its minimum at Stage IV. In ovaries, the EsGPAT1 expression levels increased from Stage I to reach its maximum at Stage IV and then declined. The transcription levels of EsGPAT2 reached the peak at Stage I and then declined to the minimum at Stage III. In situ hybridization revealed they were both located in the F cells and R cells of hepatopancreas and all types of cells at Stage I, the follicle cells and the exogenous vitellogenic oocytes at Stage III and nearly mature oocytes at Stage IV of the ovary. In addition, the knockdown of EsGPAT1 downregulated the expression levels of downstream genes in TAG synthesis pathway, but it was not observed in RNAi treatment group of EsGPAT2. These results indicate that the two EsGPATs identified have different roles in TAG metabolism during the ovarian development of E. sinensis.
Large homeomorphically irreducible trees in path‐free graphs
Authors: Furuya Michitaka , Tsuchiya Shoichi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA subgraph of a graph is a homeomorphically irreducible tree (HIT) if it is a tree with no vertices of degree two. Furuya and Tsuchiya [Discrete Math. 313 (2013), pp. 2206–2212] proved that every connected ‐free graph of order has a HIT of order at least , and Diemunsch et al [Discrete Appl. Math. 185 (2015), pp. 71–78] proved that every connected ‐free graph of order has a HIT of order at least . In this paper, we continue the study of HITs in path‐free graphs and bring to a conclusion proving the following three results: (a) If a connected graph satisfies the condition that every connected ‐free graph has a HIT of order , then is a path of order at most . (b) Every connected ‐free graph of order has a HIT of order at least . (c) Every connected ‐free graph of order has a HIT of order at least . Furthermore, we focus on a ‐free graph having large minimum degree, and prove that for a connected ‐free graph of order , if , then has a HIT of order greater than .
Evaluation of antioxidant peptides generated from Jiuzao (residue after Baijiu distillation) protein hydrolysates and their effect of enhancing healthy value of Chinese Baijiu
Authors: Jiang Yunsong , Sun Jinyuan , Yin Zhongtian , Li Hehe , Sun Xiaotao , Zheng Fuping 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDJiuzao is the residue after Bajiu distillation which is usually used as forage for livestock. However, it is not fully utilized yet considering the content of protein remained. The present study aimed to isolate antioxidant peptides from Jiuzao protein hydrolysates, then add these peptides into Baijiu product to enhance the healthy value of Baiju. Meanwhile environmental pollution caused by massive Jiuzao can be mitigated indirectly.RESULTSFour peptides Ala‐Tyr‐Ile(Leu) (AYI(L)) and Asp‐Arg‐Glu‐Ile(Leu) (DREI(L)) were identified from Jiuzao protein hydrolysates, the extraction contents of AYI + AYL and DREI + DREL were 896.10 and 110.51 mg kg−1 Jiuzao, respectively. On the one hand, antioxidant activities of these peptides were investigated. For in vitro antioxidant assays, AYI, AYL and DREI exhibited strong capacities in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Furthermore, three levels of four peptides were assessed by 2,2'‐azobis(2‐methylpropanimidamidine) (AAPH)‐induced HepG2 cells model. The results showed that these peptides exerted a degree of antioxidant activities in cells. Meanwhile, selected peptides concentrations according to cell assays remined at effective doses after in vitro digestion. On the other hand, the influence of these four peptides on the characteristic aroma compounds in Baijiu was studied. Most characteristic aroma compounds releases were increased with the addition of peptides.CONCLUSIONIn the study, antioxidant activities of peptides were evaluated, the feasibility of utilizing Jiuzao protein hydrolysates to obtain beneficial peptides was also proved. Healthy effect of Baijiu or other food can be increased by adding these functional substances. The findings might contribute to food application and Baijiu industries. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of transcutaneous and serum bilirubin before, under, and after phototherapy in term and late‐preterm infants
Authors: Yang Shu‐Ting , Liu Fen‐Chen , Chen Hsiu‐Lin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the correlation of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) with total serum bilirubin (TSB) in infants receiving phototherapy and the accuracy of TcB for deciding the time to discontinue phototherapy. Paired TcB and TSB levels were assessed in 52 term and 56 late‐preterm infants receiving phototherapy. TcB was measured in the unexposed skin of the middle forehead using a noninvasive bilirubin analyzer, BiliChek. TSB was measured every morning, and TcB was measured 2 hours after TSB measurements. Bland‐Altman plots, linear regression, multivariate pair wise correlation, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were performed. Bland‐Altman plots before, under, and 24 hours after phototherapy in term and late‐preterm infants revealed that TcB and TSB have higher consistency. TcB and TSB showed positive linear correlation before, under, and after phototherapy in both infant groups. In the multivariate pair wise correlations, differences between TcB and TSB were negatively correlated with phototherapy duration in term (correlation coefficient = −0.233, P value = .001) and late‐preterm (correlation coefficient = −0.198, P value = .002) infants. Cutoff levels of TcB for discontinuing phototherapy based on the ROC analysis were 13.8 (sensitivity of 90%, specificity of 84%, area under the curve [AUC] 0.94) and 11.8 mg/dL (sensitivity of 84%, specificity of 88%, AUC 0.92) in term and late‐preterm infants, respectively. TcB and TSB before, under, and after phototherapy in both term and late‐preterm infants showed good correlation and higher consistency with jaundice. To reduce repetitive blood sampling for TSB, TcB measurement may be a reliable method for term and late‐preterm infants undergoing phototherapy.
Development of a Model to Predict Portal Vein Thrombosis in Liver Transplant Candidates: The Portal Vein Thrombosis Risk Index
Authors: Gaballa Daniel , Bezinover Dmitri , Kadry Zakiyah , Eyster Elaine , Wang Ming , Northup Patrick G. , Stine Jonathan G. 
Published: August 2019

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is associated with inferior pretransplantation and posttransplantation outcomes. We aimed to create a predictive model to risk stratify transplant candidates for PVT. Data on adult transplants in the United States during the Model for End‐Stage Liver Disease (MELD) era through September 2016 were reviewed. We constructed and validated a scoring system composed of routine, readily available clinical information to predict the development of incident PVT at 12 months from transplantation listing. A total of 66,568 liver transplant candidates were dichotomized into 2 groups to construct (n = 34,751) and validate (n = 31,817) a scoring system. In general, the derivation and validation cohorts were clinically similar. Although nonalcoholic steatohepatitis was a significant predictor of incident PVT (hazard ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08‐1.54; P < 0.001), age, MELD score, and moderate‐to‐severe ascites were also associated with increased risk. African American race was associated with decreased risk. A scoring system (PVT risk index [RI]) of these 5 variables had an area under the curve of 0.71 and 0.70 in both derivation and validation cohorts, respectively. By applying the low cutoff score of 2.6, incident PVT could be accurately excluded (negative predictive value 94%). Using the high cutoff score of 4.6 (positive predictive value 85%), PVT could be diagnosed with high accuracy. The PVT‐RI predicts which candidates awaiting lifesaving liver transplantation will and will not develop future PVT. Although this scoring system will require prospective validation, it provides a powerful new tool for the clinician when risk stratifying cirrhosis patients prior to liver transplantation for future PVT development.