bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Aerial Blight Disease and Different Growth Parameter of Stevia Crop (Stevia rebaudiana) by Using Bioagents (Bacillus subtilis)
Authors: Yasmin Sakina , Zacharia Sunil 
Published: November 2024

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) has become a valuable crop due to its natural sweetness and wide-ranging applications in both the food and pharmaceutical industries. Despite its potential, stevia cultivation is hindered by diseases like aerial blight, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn, which leads to significant yield losses. This study explores the potential of Bacillus subtilis, a biological control agent, in mitigating the effects of this disease. Conducted during the kharif season of 2023-24, the experiment assessed various dosages (1- 4 l/ha) of the bioagent (Bacillus subtilis) and their effects on plant health, disease resistance, and overall yield. The results indicate that the application of Bacillus subtilis not only reduced the severity of aerial blight but also enhanced key growth parameters, including plant height and sucker production. During evaluation, all the seven treatments were found to be significantly superior over control in managing the disease. Among all the treatments the growth parameters were maximum in T5 ( Bacillus subtilis @ 3 l/ha) such as plant height (56.83 cm) number of suckers (55), fresh leaves yield (4.51) and dry leaves yield (4.00) and minimize the disease intensiy @ 12.23 % followed by T4 (Bacillus subtilis @ 2.5 l/ha), T6 ( Bacillus subtilis @ 3.5 l/ha) ,T7 (Bacillus subtilis @ 4 l/ha) ,T3 (Bacillus subtilis @ 2 l/ha) ,T2 (Bacillus subtilis @ 1.5 l/ha),T1 (Bacillus subtilis @ 1 l/ha) and T0 (untreated). Furthermore, an economic analysis confirmed the cost-effectiveness of this biological treatment, highlighting its potential as a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides in stevia farming.
Quantitative Insights into Extension Advisory Services: Enhancing Rural Livelihoods through Evidence-based Analysis
Authors: Tayang Weijimlu , Devi M. Nirmala , Devi Haobam Dimashree , Mawblei Chossterfield 
Published: November 2024

Aims: Agricultural extension advisory services (EAS) aim to facilitate development of agriculture and rural sector through transfer of agricultural information and technology. However various literature were published in different forums on various challenges faced by the EAS agents in disseminating effective service to farmer. Hence, this study was taken to evaluate various factors of EAS impacting agriculture development to benefit farming community and for effective policy framing.
Study Design: Exploratory-diagnostic research design was employed in the study.
Place and Duration of Study: Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. January 2012 to January 2024.
Methodology: A meta-analysis of selected EAS articles from international data base (Scopus) was carried out with an objective to identify the variables explaining EAS and analysing the relationship between the variables for policy making.
Results: On analysing the variables of EAS, four major factors of EAS were identified namely, EAS Purpose, EAS Strategies, EAS Process and EAS Product. The study also revealed that studies focusing on Agricultural and Rural credit were very few, which play a vital role in up scaling of farmers and agricultural sector. The study revealed the need for framing EAS policy for effective facilitation of Agricultural and Rural Credit for the development of agricultural and rural sector.
Conclusion: The study found that while the EAS process included agricultural and rural credit support, its focus was primarily on transferring agricultural information. However, the progress of the agricultural sector relies heavily on farmers' financial capacity to address modern challenges. Integrating EAS with improved credit access could help overcome barriers to scaling up agricultural and rural development. This underscores the need for policies that align EAS with credit facilitation to promote long-term sustainability for farmers.
FEMINISMO RADICAL, CRÍTICA DE GÊNERO E A LUTA PELOS DIREITOS BASEADOS NO SEXO
Authors: Jordão Martinez Fabiana 
Published: November 2024

Este artigo objetiva de um lado, descrever e analisar as reivindicações do Feminismo Radical contemporâneo e de outro, compreender a experiência de se tornar uma ativista. O objetivo do Feminismo Radical tem sido “reconstituir a categoria mulher” com base no sexo através de uma crítica ao conceito de gênero, a entrada de transativistas no feminismo e ao que consideram a redução dos espaços, políticas e pautas destinadas as mulheres. Primeiro, mostro como o Feminismo Radical está em consonância com a atual tendência materialista das teorias críticas. Em seguida, exploro os dados de um survey executado em em 2021 sobre os motivos e as experiências que tem impelido cada vez mais mulheres ao Feminismo Radical. Por fim, mostro que as reivindicações por direitos descritas na Declaração da Woman´s Declaration Internacional Brasil (WDI Brasil) estão em consonância com estas experiências.
Palavras chaves: Feminismo Radical, experiências, crítica a gênero, colisão de direitos.
1‐Hydroxy‐xanthine derivatives inhibit the human Caf1 nuclease and Caf1‐containing nuclease complexes via Mg2+‐dependent binding
Authors: Airhihen Blessing , Pavanello Lorenzo , Jadhav Gopal P. , Fischer Peter M. , Winkler Gerlof Sebastiaan 
Published: February 2019

In eukaryotic cells, cytoplasmic mRNA is characterised by a 3′ poly(A) tail. The shortening and removal of poly(A) tails (deadenylation) by the Ccr4‐Not nuclease complex leads to reduced translational efficiency and RNA degradation. Using recombinant human Caf1 (CNOT7) enzyme as a screening tool, we recently described the discovery and synthesis of a series of substituted 1‐hydroxy‐3,7‐dihydro‐1H‐purine‐2,6‐diones (1‐hydroxy‐xanthines) as inhibitors of the Caf1 catalytic subunit of the Ccr4‐Not complex. Here, we used a chemiluminescence‐based AMP detection assay to show that active 1‐hydroxy‐xanthines inhibit both isolated Caf1 enzyme and human Caf1‐containing complexes that also contain the second nuclease subunit Ccr4 (CNOT6L) to a similar extent, indicating that the active site of the Caf1 nuclease subunit does not undergo substantial conformational change when bound to other Ccr4‐Not subunits. Using differential scanning fluorimetry, we also show that binding of active 1‐hydroxy‐xanthines requires the presence of Mg2+ ions, which are present in the active site of Caf1.
Impact of aeration change and beam arrangement on the robustness of proton plans
Authors: Shusharina Nadya , Fullerton Barbara , Adams Judy A. , Sharp Gregory C. , Chan Annie W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study determines the impact of change in aeration in sinonasal cavities on the robustness of passive‐scattering proton therapy plans in patients with sinonasal and nasopharyngeal malignancies. Fourteen patients, each with one planning CT and one CT acquired during radiotherapy were studied. Repeat and planning CTs were rigidly aligned and contours were transferred using deformable registration. The amount of air, tumor, and fluid within the cavity containing the tumor were measured on both CTs. The original plans were recalculated on the repeat CT. Dosimetric changes were measured for the targets and critical structures. Median decrease in gross tumor volume (GTV) was 19.8% and correlated with the time of rescan. The median change in air content was 7.1% and correlated with the tumor shrinkage. The median of the mean dose Dmean change was +0.4% for GTV and +0.3% for clinical target volume. Median change in the maximum dose Dmax of the critical structures were as follows: optic chiasm +0.66%, left optic nerve +0.12%, right optic nerve +0.38%, brainstem +0.6%. The dose to the GTV decreased by more than 5% in 1 case, and the dose to critical structure(s) increased by more than 5% in three cases. These four patients had sinonasal cancers and were treated with anterior proton fields that directly transversed through the involved sinus cavities. The change in dose in the replanning was strongly correlated with the change in aeration (P = 0.02). We found that the change in aeration in the vicinity of the target and the arrangement of proton beams affected the robustness of proton plan.
Solution‐Processed Self‐Powered Transparent Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrafast Response Speed for High‐Performance Communication System
Authors: Fang Huajing , Zheng Cheng , Wu Liangliang , Li Yi , Cai Jian , Hu Mingxiang , Fang Xiaosheng , Ma Rong , Wang Qing , Wang Hong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTransparent ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are an essential component of next‐generation “see‐through” electronics. However, the current photodetectors often suffer from relatively slow response speeds and high driving voltages. Here, all‐solution‐processed UV photodetectors are reported that are facilely prepared from environmentally friendly and abundant materials. The UV photodetectors are composed of a titanium dioxide thin film as the photosensitive layer sandwiched between two different transparent electrodes to form asymmetric Schottky junctions. The photodetector with high optical transparency can operate at zero bias because of spontaneous separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs by the built‐in electric field. The resulting self‐powered photodetector displays high sensitivity to broadband UV light (200–400 nm). In particular, an ultrafast response speed up to 44 ns is obtained, representing a significant improvement over those of the conventional transparent photodetectors. Moreover, the photodetector has been successfully applied, for the first time, in a UV communication system as the self‐powered signal receiver. This work uniquely combines the features of high optical transparency and self‐power ability into UV photodetectors and would enable a broad range of optoelectronic applications.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Pyrazolylidene‐2‐oxindole Compounds by Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitution of (E)‐3‐(Nitromethylene)indolin‐2‐one
Authors: Vila Carlos , Slack Sophie , Blay Gonzalo , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA highly regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of 3‐alkylidene‐2‐oxindoles has been described through a nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV) of (E)‐3‐(nitromethylene)indolin‐2‐one using pyrazol‐3‐ones as nucleophiles and Et3N as a base. The reaction affords selectively the Z‐isomer when pyrazol‐3‐ones without substituents at the 4 position are used. While the reaction is E‐selective with 4‐substituted pyrazolones. The stereoselectivity (up to >20:1) and the yields (up to 98%) are very high under mild reaction conditions.magnified image
Brønsted acid Catalysed Synthesis of 3‐(2‐Alkoxyethyl)indoles from α‐Arylaminocyclobutanones and Alcohols
Authors: Serusi Lorenzo , Bonnans Marie , Luridiana Alberto , Secci Francesco , Caboni Pierluigi , Boddaert Thomas , Aitken David J. , Frongia Angelo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new Brønsted acid catalysed solvent‐free cascade reaction consisting of a ring closure‐ring fission process between α‐arylaminocyclobutanones and alcohols has been established, providing highly functionalised 3‐(2‐alkoxyethyl)indoles in good to excellent yields.magnified image
Molecular Mechanisms of DNA Replication and Repair Machinery: Insights from Microscopic Simulations
Authors: Maffeo Christopher , Chou Han‐Yi , Aksimentiev Aleksei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractReproduction, the hallmark of biological activity, requires making an accurate copy of the genetic material to allow the progeny to inherit parental traits. In all living cells, the process of DNA replication is carried out by a concerted action of multiple protein species forming a loose protein–nucleic acid complex, the replisome. Proofreading and error correction generally accompany replication but also occur independently, safeguarding genetic information through all phases of the cell cycle. Advances in biochemical characterization of intracellular processes, proteomics, and the advent of single‐molecule biophysics have brought about a treasure trove of information awaiting to be assembled into an accurate mechanistic model of the DNA replication process. This review describes recent efforts to model elements of DNA replication and repair processes using computer simulations, an approach that has gained immense popularity in many areas of molecular biophysics but has yet to become mainstream in the DNA metabolism community. It highlights the use of diverse computational methods to address specific problems of the fields and discusses unexplored possibilities that lie ahead for the computational approaches in these areas.
Graphene–Graphite Polyurethane Composite Based High‐Energy Density Flexible Supercapacitors
Authors: Manjakkal Libu , Navaraj William Taube , Núñez Carlos García , Dahiya Ravinder 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEnergy autonomy is critical for wearable and portable systems and to this end storage devices with high‐energy density are needed. This work presents high‐energy density flexible supercapacitors (SCs), showing three times the energy density than similar type of SCs reported in the literature. The graphene–graphite polyurethane (GPU) composite based SCs have maximum energy and power densities of 10.22 µWh cm−2 and 11.15 mW cm−2, respectively, at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and operating voltage of 2.25 V (considering the IR drop). The significant gain in the performance of SCs is due to excellent electroactive surface per unit area (surface roughness 97.6 nm) of GPU composite and high electrical conductivity (0.318 S cm−1). The fabricated SCs show stable response for more than 15 000 charging/discharging cycles at current densities of 10 mA cm−2 and operating voltage of 2.5 V (without considering the IR drop). The developed SCs are tested as energy storage devices for wide applications, namely: a) solar‐powered energy‐packs to operate 84 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) for more than a minute and to drive the actuators of a prosthetic limb; b) powering high‐torque motors; and c) wristband for wearable sensors.
Ecology of Sites of Confinement: Everyday Life in a Detention Center for Illegalized Non‐citizens
Authors: Esposito Francesca , Ornelas José , Briozzo Erica , Arcidiacono Caterina 
Published: February 2019

HighlightsIn spite of concerns about migration‐related detention, research inside these sites of confinement is scarce.We present an ethnographic exploration into the detention of illegalized non‐citizens in Italy.Transcending individual‐centered analysis, we adopt an ecological framework with a focus on justice.We contribute to create knowledge on the psychosocial and cultural world behind the walls of detention.We discuss the oppressive qualities of detention and avenues for research and action for community psychologists.
Protective effects of α‐lipoic acid on cultured human nasal fibroblasts exposed to urban particulate matter
Authors: Lee Dong Chang , Choi Hyunsu , Oh Jeong‐Min , Lee Do Hee , Kim Sung Won , Kim Soo Whan , Kim Byung Guk , Cho Jin Hee , Lee Joohyung 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundExposure to urban particulate matter (UPM) has been studied as a cause of various health problems. Although the association between UPM and the respiratory tract has been well studied, further research is required to characterize the effects of UPM on the upper respiratory tract. We investigated the effects of UPM‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production on cultured human nasal fibroblasts, as well as the protective effects of α‐lipoic acid (ALA) on ROS production and the underlying signaling pathways involved in ROS inhibition.MethodsHuman turbinate tissue specimens were collected from 6 patients. The effects of UPM on the viability of cultured nasal fibroblasts were determined. A fluorescent malondialdehyde assay was used to measure ROS levels. Real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the messenger RNA levels of genes encoding Nrf2, the antioxidant response elements (AREs) (HO‐1, NQO1), and the proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8) before and after ALA treatment. Western blotting analyses were used to measure nuclear and cytosolic Nrf2 and AREs.ResultsUPM reduced cell viability and increased ROS expression in nasal fibroblasts. ALA treatment decreased ROS production in UPM‐exposed fibroblasts via the Nrf2, HO‐1, and NQO‐1 pathways. Also, ALA treatment abrogated increases in the interleukin‐6 and ‐8 levels induced by UPM in nasal fibroblasts.ConclusionUPM exposure resulted in increased ROS production in nasal fibroblasts. ALA treatment inhibited this increase via the Nrf2 pathway, suggesting that ALA may have a protective effect against rhinitis caused by ROS expression induced by exposure to UPM.
A Novel Strategy for the Construction of Covalent Organic Frameworks from Nonporous Covalent Organic Polymers
Authors: Miao Zhuang , Liu Guiyan , Cui Yumeng , Liu Zhengyu , Li Jinheng , Han Fangwai , Liu Yu , Sun Xiaoxiao , Gong Xuefang , Zhai Yufeng , Zhao Yanli , Zeng Yongfei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe field of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has been developed significantly in the past decade on account of their important characteristics and vast application potential. On the other hand, the discovery of novel synthetic methodology is still a challenging task to further promote the preparation of COFs. Herein, an interesting protocol for the conversion of amorphous nonporous covalent organic polymers (COPs) to COFs was established, affording four COFs with high crystallinity and porosity. Specifically, imine‐linked amorphous COP‐1 was successfully converted to COF‐1–4 by replacing one type of linker with other organic building blocks. The realization of this conversion provides a facile method for constructing COFs from COPs.
(3+3)‐Annulation of Carbonyl Ylides with Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes: Synergistic Dirhodium(II) and Lewis Acid Catalysis
Authors: Petzold Martin , Jones Peter G. , Werz Daniel B. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe first (3+3)‐annulation process of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes using synergistic catalysis is reported. The Rh2(OAc)4‐catalyzed decomposition of diazo carbonyl compounds generated carbonyl ylides in situ. These 1,3‐dipoles were converted with donor–acceptor cyclopropanes, activated by Lewis acid catalysis, to afford multiply substituted pyran scaffolds in high yield and diastereoselectivity. Extensive optimization studies enabled access to 9‐oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan‐2‐one and 10‐oxabicyclo[4.3.1]decen‐2‐ol cores, exploiting solvent effects on intermediate reactivity.
Identification of Flavin Mononucleotide as a Cell‐Active Artificial N6‐Methyladenosine RNA Demethylase
Authors: Xie Li‐Jun , Yang Xiao‐Ti , Wang Rui‐Li , Cheng Hou‐Ping , Li Zhi‐Yan , Liu Li , Mao Lanqun , Wang Ming , Cheng Liang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractN6‐Methyladenosine (m6A) represents a common and highly dynamic modification in eukaryotic RNA that affects various cellular pathways. Natural dioxygenases such as FTO and ALKBH5 are enzymes that demethylate m6A residues in mRNA. Herein, the first identification of a small‐molecule modulator that functions as an artificial m6A demethylase is reported. Flavin mononucleotide (FMN), the metabolite produced by riboflavin kinase, mediates substantial photochemical demethylation of m6A residues of RNA in live cells. This study provides a new perspective to the understanding of demethylation of m6A residues in mRNA and sheds light on the development of powerful small molecules as RNA demethylases and new probes for use in RNA biology.
The Fluorination of C−H Bonds: Developments and Perspectives
Authors: Szpera Robert , Moseley Daniel F. J. , Smith Lewis B. , Sterling Alistair J. , Gouverneur Véronique 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis Review summarizes advances in fluorination by C(sp2)−H and C(sp3)−H activation. Transition‐metal‐catalyzed approaches championed by palladium have allowed the installation of a fluorine substituent at C(sp2) and C(sp3) sites, exploiting the reactivity of high‐oxidation‐state transition‐metal fluoride complexes combined with the use of directing groups (some transient) to control site and stereoselectivity. The large majority of known methods employ electrophilic fluorination reagents, but methods combining a nucleophilic fluoride source with an oxidant have appeared. External ligands have proven to be effective for C(sp3)−H fluorination directed by weakly coordinating auxiliaries, thereby enabling control over reactivity. Methods relying on the formation of radical intermediates are complementary to transition‐metal‐catalyzed processes as they allow for undirected C(sp3)−H fluorination. To date, radical C−H fluorinations mainly employ electrophilic N−F fluorination reagents but a unique MnIII‐catalyzed oxidative C−H fluorination using fluoride has been developed. Overall, the field of late‐stage nucleophilic C−H fluorination has progressed much more slowly, a state of play explaining why C−H 18F‐fluorination is still in its infancy.
A Neutral Geminal Tin/Phosphorus Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Holtkamp Philipp , Friedrich Felix , Stratmann Erik , Mix Andreas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe geminal frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) (F5C2)3SnCH2P(tBu)2 (2) was prepared by reacting (F5C2)3SnCl with LiCH2P(tBu)2. It is neutral and contains an extremely electronegatively substituted, but relatively soft (hard–soft acid–base, HSAB) acidic tin function. Its FLP‐type reactivity was proven by reaction with a variety of small molecules (CO2, SO2, CS2, PhNCO, HCl, (Ph3P)AuCl). However, it shows no reaction in H/D scrambling experiments with H2/D2 mixtures and binds CO2 reversibly, as was observed by VT‐NMR spectroscopy. Compound 2 and all its adducts were completely characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X‐ray diffraction experiments.
Roles of the molecular weight of n‐ethylene glycol diacrylates and UV irradiance on the mechanical properties at the gel point of acrylic acid based hydrogels
Authors: Magami Saminu M. , Williams Rhodri L. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTWe investigated sol–gel transitions in acrylic acid based hydrogels with real time in situ photocrosslinking and Fourier transform mechanical spectroscopy. Crosslinkable n‐ethylene glycol diacrylate (EGDA) compounds with molecular weights (MWs) in the range 171–575 g/mol were used in standard solutions of known polyacrylamide. The mutation number (Nmu) was monitored in all of the experiments, such that Nmu was 0.3 or lower at all of the experimental frequencies. During gelation, a frequency independence of tan δ was observed in all cases, such that the storage and loss moduli were scaled as about ω
n; this indicated the establishment of a sample spanning network in the hydrogels with the Winter–Chambon criteria. The relaxation exponents (ns) ranged from 0.35 to 0.81 when they were affected by both the MWs of the EGDAs and the UV irradiance. The stiffness of the critical gels steadily increased with increases in both the MWs of the EGDAs and the UV irradiance. The fractal dimensions decreased at the gel point with increasing MWs of the EGDAs, whereas it increased with an increase in the UV irradiance. An optimization tool (Design‐Expert) was used to compare the effects and interactions of the reaction parameters on the gel‐time characteristics of the critical gels and those of the fully formed hydrogels. A map (description) of the reaction parameters that can be used in the design of specific networks, particularly with values of n that are close to or equal to 0.5, is proposed. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47606.