bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hubris, constitutionalism, and “the indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation”: The repression of Catalan secessionist referenda in Spanish constitutional law
Authors: López Bofill Hèctor 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This article analyzes the struggles of the Catalan government to organize a referendum on secession and the constitutional framework invoked by the Spanish central authorities to prohibit it. The repression of secessionist referenda within the Spanish constitutional framework triggers several problematic questions concerning the role of constitutional supremacy in handling subnational secessionist challenges developed under a pacific and democratic framework. The article offers a comparison between the Spanish-Catalan case and other examples of secessionist referenda within liberal democracies, underscoring that the Spanish solution of repressing such referenda through criminal law is unique in the liberal democratic context. The article also offers a description of the political, historical, and legal circumstances surrounding the Spanish central authorities’ actions that explains the Spanish constitutional response to both the Catalan Consultation held on November 9, 2014, and the referendum on Catalan independence held on October 1, 2017. The article concludes by arguing that the prohibition of the Catalan referendum initiatives on independence and their subsequent prosecution through criminal law may cripple the basic pillars of the Spanish liberal democracy designed under the 1978 Spanish Constitution.
Surgical management of renovascular hypertension in children and young adults: a 13-year experience
Authors: Peker Oktay , Aki Fazil Tuncay , Kumbasar Ulas , Guvener Murat , Yılmaz Mustafa , Dogan Rıza , Ozaltin Fatih , Duzova Ali , Topaloglu Rezan , Peynircioglu Bora , Demircin Metin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the early and mid-term outcomes of surgery for renovascular hypertension (RVH) at our institution, within the last 13 years.

METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed 19 patients who underwent surgery for RVH, between 2005 and 2017. The age at operation, clinical characteristics, cause of arterial stenosis, diagnostic workup, surgical management and outcomes during the follow-up were analysed. The continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

RESULTS
Twelve female and 7 male patients underwent surgery for RVH. Their mean age was 17.07 ± 11.9 years (range 4–42 years). Nine patients had renal arterial stenosis, and 10 patients had midaortic syndrome (MAS). Aortorenal bypass with the saphenous vein was performed in 6 patients with renal arterial stenosis and 1 patient with MAS. An isolated thoracic aorta-abdominal aortic bypass was performed in 1 patient with MAS, and thoracic aorta-abdominal aortic bypass combined with unilateral aortarenal bypass was performed in 9 patients with MAS. The other surgical procedures performed were 2 autotransplantations and 2 unilateral nephrectomies. Among the patients with MAS, 4 underwent reoperation. The mean follow-up duration was 45.58 ± 32.7 months. Hypertension was cured in 3 patients and improved in 14 patients. The postoperative follow-up creatinine levels were similar to preoperative creatinine levels. All bypasses were patent on mid-term follow-up. One patient who underwent aortorenal bypass died 14 months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical management is a suitable option for patients with RVH, who were unresponsive to medical and/or endovascular management. Surgical methods are safe and effective in children and young adults with RVH.
Successful preservation and transplant of warm ischaemic lungs from controlled donors after circulatory death by prolonged in situ ventilation during normothermic regional perfusion of abdominal organs
Authors: Palleschi Alessandro , Tosi Davide , Rosso Lorenzo , Zanella Alberto , De Carlis Riccardo , Zanierato Marinella , Benazzi Elena , Tarsia Paolo , Colledan Michele , Nosotti Mario 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Donation after circulatory death (DCD) potentially provides transplantable lungs suitable for a transplant, but in Italy, the need for 20 min of a no-touch period after cardiac arrest for legal declaration of death poses real challenges to organ preservation.

METHODS
This is a single-institution, retrospective study using data collected prospectively between October and December 2017. After the approval of the multidisciplinary DCD study group of Regione Lombardia, Maastricht category III DCD donors became eligible for combined procurement of lungs and abdominal organs. Our group subsequently established a dedicated technical protocol. Our protocol consists of a non-rapid normothermic open-lung procurement process that takes place during abdominal normothermic regional perfusion, namely without pleural topical cooling before the start of pneumoplegia. After the lung is procured according to the technique described in the article, lung function is evaluated by ex vivo lung perfusion, which is run with the low-flow, open atrium, low haematocrit technique.

RESULTS
During the study, we managed 5 controlled DCDs. In 3 cases, the lungs were successfully transplanted. All 3 patients are alive after 1 year, with good respiratory function.

CONCLUSIONS
Our approach resulted in adequate lung preservation and successful transplants without detrimental effects on abdominal organ procurement, confirming the possibility of overcoming the obstacle of a long no-touch period in a DCD setting.
Stable Manifolds of Two-dimensional Biholomorphisms Asymptotic to Formal Curves
Authors: López-Hernanz Lorena , Raissy Jasmin , Ribón Javier , Sanz-Sánchez Fernando 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Let $F\in\, \textrm{Diff}\, ({\mathbb{C}}^2, 0)$ be a germ of a holomorphic diffeomorphism and let $\Gamma $ be an invariant formal curve of $F$. Assume that the restricted diffeomorphism $F|_\Gamma $ is either hyperbolic attracting or rationally neutral non-periodic (these are the conditions that the diffeomorphism $F|_\Gamma $ should satisfy, if $\Gamma $ were convergent, in order to have orbits converging to the origin). Then we prove that $F$ has finitely many stable manifolds, either open domains or parabolic curves, consisting of and containing all converging orbits asymptotic to $\Gamma $. Our results generalize to the case where $\Gamma $ is a formal periodic curve of $F$.
Efficacy and pharmacodynamics of niraparib in BRCA-mutant and wild-type intracranial triple-negative breast cancer murine models
Authors: Sambade Maria J , Van Swearingen Amanda E D , McClure Marni B , Deal Allison M , Santos Charlene , Sun Kaiming , Wang Jing , Mikule Keith , Anders Carey K 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Despite the poor prognosis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) brain metastases, there are no approved systemic therapies. We explored the DNA-damaging poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) niraparib in intracranial mouse models of breast cancer susceptibility protein (BRCA)-mutant TNBC.

Methods
Mice bearing intracranial human-derived TNBC cell lines (SUM149, MDA-MB-231Br, or MDA-MB-436) were treated with niraparib and monitored for survival; intracranial tissues were analyzed for PAR levels and niraparib concentration by mass spectrometry. RNASeq data of primary breast cancers using The Cancer Genome Atlas were analyzed for DNA damage signatures. Combined RAD51 and PARP inhibition in TNBC cell lines was assessed in vitro by colony-forming assays.

Results
Daily niraparib increased median survival and decreased tumor burden in the BRCA-mutant MDA-MB-436 model, but not in the BRCA-mutant SUM149 or BRCA-wild-type MDA-MB-231Br models despite high concentrations in intracranial tumors. RAD51 inhibitor B02 was shown to sensitize all cell lines to PARP inhibition (PARPi). In the analysis of BRCA-mutant primary human TNBCs, gene expression predictors of PARPi sensitivity and DNA repair signatures demonstrate widespread heterogeneity, which may explain the differential response to PARPi. Interestingly, these signatures are significantly correlated to RAD51 expression including PARPi sensitivity (R2 = 0.602, R2= 0.758).

Conclusions
Niraparib penetrates intracranial tumor tissues in mouse models of TNBC with impressive single-agent efficacy in BRCA-mutant MDA-MB-436. Clinical evaluation of niraparib to treat TNBC brain metastases, an unmet clinical need desperate for improved therapies, is warranted. Further compromising DNA repair through RAD51 inhibition may further augment TNBC’s response to PARPi.
Rabies Encephalitis With Myocarditis Mimicking ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Park Stacy C , Crane Ian M , Pal Kavita , Cagnina R Elaine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRabies virus infection remains a significant public health threat particularly in developing countries without effective canine vaccination programs. After symptoms develop, there is no effective treatment and mortality approaches 100%. In countries such as the United States where human rabies remains rare, initial diagnosis is often delayed. In this study, we describe a case of rabies encephalitis presenting with concern for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) based on electrocardiogram, laboratory, and exam findings and briefly review the known literature on cardiac involvement of rabies virus infection.
Pasture chemoscapes and their ecological services
Authors: Villalba Juan J , Beauchemin Karen A , Gregorini Pablo , MacAdam Jennifer W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Ruminant livestock-production systems are between a rock and a hard place; they are experiencing increasing societal pressure to reduce environmental impacts in a world that demands increased food supply. Recent improvements in the understanding of the nutritional ecology of livestock by scientists may help livestock producers respond to these seemingly contradictory demands. Forages are nutrition and pharmacy centers with primary (nutrients) and plant secondary compounds (PSC; pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals), which can provide multiple services for the proper functioning of agroecosystems. Legumes with lower contents of fiber and higher contents of nonstructural carbohydrates, coupled with different types and concentrations of PSC (e.g., condensed tannins, terpenes), create a diverse array of chemicals in the landscape (i.e., the “chemoscape”) with the potential to enhance livestock nutrition, health and welfare relative to foodscapes dominated by grasses and other conventional feeds. These PSC-containing plants may reduce methane emissions and nitrogen (N) excretion from animals while increasing animal growth rate compared with swards dominated by grasses, and provide meat quality that appeals to consumers. Condensed tannins from sainfoin and saponins from alfalfa and manure of cattle consuming these forages also reduce N mobilization in soils, reduce nutrient leaching, and increase plant-available N stores for future use. The challenge for future pastoral production systems is to design multifunctional spatiotemporal arrangements of forages with “ideal” chemical diversity for specific ecoregions, aiming to achieve sustainability while increasing production goals and improving ecosystem services. Thus, the objective of this review is to stimulate the quest for chemically and taxonomically diverse pastoral feeding systems that optimize overall productivity; reduce environmental impacts; and enhance livestock, soil, and human health.
Birth weight threshold for identifying piglets at risk for preweaning mortality
Authors: Feldpausch Julie A , Jourquin Jan , Bergstrom Jon R , Bargen Jason L , Bokenkroger Courtney D , Davis Duane L , Gonzalez John M , Nelssen Jim L , Puls Christopher L , Trout William E , Ritter Matthew J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Several studies have suggested there is a critical relationship between piglet birth weight and preweaning mortality. Thus, the objective of the current work was to identify a birth weight threshold value for preweaning mortality. Birth weight and survival data from two studies involving a combined total of 4,068 piglets from 394 litters on four commercial farms (three European, one U.S.) were compiled for a pooled, multistudy analysis. Overall preweaning mortality across the two studies was 12.2%. Key variables used in the analysis were piglet birth weight (measured within 24 h of birth) and corresponding survival outcome (dead or live) by weaning at 3–4 wk of age. A mixed effects logistic regression model was fit to estimate the relationship between preweaning mortality and birth weight. A random effect of study was included to account for overall differences in mortality between the two studies. A piecewise linear predictor was selected to best represent the drastic decrease in preweaning mortality found as birth weight increased in the range of 0.5–1.0 kg and the less extreme change in weight above 1.0 kg. The change point of the birth weight and preweaning mortality model was determined by comparing model fit based on maximizing the likelihood over the interval ranging from 0.5 to 2.3 kg birth weight. Results from the analysis showed a curvilinear relationship between birth weight and preweaning mortality where the birth weight change point value or threshold value was 1.11 kg. In the combined data set, 15.2% of pigs had birth weights ≤1.11 kg. This subpopulation of pigs had a 34.4% preweaning mortality rate and represented 43% of total preweaning mortalities. These findings imply interventions targeted at reducing the incidence of piglets with birth weights ≤1.11 kg have potential to improve piglet survivability. Additional research is needed to validate 1.11 kg as the birth weight threshold for increased risk of preweaning mortality.
Software technology in CISG contracts
Authors: Muñoz Edgardo 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Software technology has changed the way businesses operate and the items traded globally. These advances demand a fast and adequate evolution of the law. This paper supports the view that the CISG is equipped with the rules needed to address recent changes in software technology; it demonstrates how the general legal principles, upon which the CISG is based, may serve to achieve a proper interpretation and supplementation of this uniform sales law. The author submits, for instance, that a dynamic notion of goods, which includes software, can be revealed by considering the parties’ main obligations under the Convention. In addition, he advocates for a modern understanding of CISG terms in order to apply the rules on contract formation to new realities. Finally, he highlights some performance issues that may arise in the sale of software, including specific methods of examination, and of giving notice of any lack of conformity.
The impact of technology on access to law and the concomitant repercussions: past, present, and the future (from the 1980s to present time)
Authors: Tajti Tibor 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
That technology increasingly impacts everything that is linked to law—from access to law, legal education, the services provided by the legal industry, and, increasingly, even adjudication (in-court or via alternative dispute resolution)—is a fact. The role that technology plays in these contexts varies, yet one may safely presume that the influence will intensify. In order to reflect on the future, this article canvasses and tries to draw some conclusions based on the comparison of accessibility to foreign and local law in the hard copy versus the digital and Internet-based, as well as the recently unfolding era of algorithms. The examples range from the curious encounter of Central and Eastern European socialist enterprises and law students with punitive damages and strict tortious liability known in the USA through the most recent launching of the first transnational letter of credit transaction exploiting blockchain technology. The advancements generated by technology advancements in these three stages are then reflected upon primarily from the perspectives of (i) researchers and lecturers of law as well as legal education; (ii) company boards and managements (especially foreign market-oriented business firms) formulating their business policies; and (iii) regulators as well as law and policy-makers. The article concludes with thoughts on the broader implications of enhanced access to law. In particular, it posits that technology has made the shift from ‘mechanical’ to ‘analytic access to law’ possible. Yet it also raises the more fundamental question of whether the advancements denote, and the selected examples properly illustrate, that a more fundamental shift is unfolding: a shift from governance by law to governance by technology?
Postoperative Delirium and Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction
Authors: Daiello Lori A. , Racine Annie M. , Yun Gou Ray , Marcantonio Edward R. , Xie Zhongcong , Kunze Lisa J. , Vlassakov Kamen V. , Inouye Sharon K. , Jones Richard N. ,   for the SAGES Study Group
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

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What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction share risk factors and may co-occur, but their relationship is not well established. The primary goals of this study were to describe the prevalence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and to investigate its association with in-hospital delirium. The authors hypothesized that delirium would be a significant risk factor for postoperative cognitive dysfunction during follow-up.

Methods
This study used data from an observational study of cognitive outcomes after major noncardiac surgery, the Successful Aging after Elective Surgery study. Postoperative delirium was evaluated each hospital day with confusion assessment method–based interviews supplemented by chart reviews. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction was determined using methods adapted from the International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Associations between delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction were examined at 1, 2, and 6 months.

Results
One hundred thirty-four of 560 participants (24%) developed delirium during hospitalization. Slightly fewer than half (47%, 256 of 548) met the International Study of Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction-defined threshold for postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 1 month, but this proportion decreased at 2 months (23%, 123 of 536) and 6 months (16%, 85 of 528). At each follow-up, the level of agreement between delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction was poor (kappa less than .08) and correlations were small (r less than .16). The relative risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction was significantly elevated for patients with a history of postoperative delirium at 1 month (relative risk = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07–1.67), but not 2 months (relative risk = 1.08; 95% CI, 0.72–1.64), or 6 months (relative risk = 1.21; 95% CI, 0.71–2.09).

Conclusions
Delirium significantly increased the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the first postoperative month; this relationship did not hold in longer-term follow-up. At each evaluation, postoperative cognitive dysfunction was more common among patients without delirium. Postoperative delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction may be distinct manifestations of perioperative neurocognitive deficits.
Isoflurane Modulates Hippocampal Cornu Ammonis Pyramidal Neuron Excitability by Inhibition of Both Transient and Persistent Sodium Currents in Mice
Authors: Zhao Wenling , Zhang Mingyue , Liu Jin , Liang Peng , Wang Rurong , Hemmings Hugh C. , Zhou Cheng 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

What We Already Know about This Topic

What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
Volatile anesthetics inhibit presynaptic voltage-gated sodium channels to reduce neurotransmitter release, but their effects on excitatory neuron excitability by sodium current inhibition are unclear. The authors hypothesized that inhibition of transient and persistent neuronal sodium currents by the volatile anesthetic isoflurane contributes to reduced hippocampal pyramidal neuron excitability.

Methods
Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of sodium currents of hippocampal cornu ammonis pyramidal neurons were performed in acute mouse brain slices. The actions of isoflurane on both transient and persistent sodium currents were analyzed at clinically relevant concentrations of isoflurane.

Results
The median inhibitory concentration of isoflurane for inhibition of transient sodium currents was 1.0 ± 0.3 mM (~3.7 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]) from a physiologic holding potential of −70 mV. Currents from a hyperpolarized holding potential of −120 mV were minimally inhibited (median inhibitory concentration = 3.6 ± 0.7 mM, ~13.3 MAC). Isoflurane (0.55 mM; ~2 MAC) shifted the voltage-dependence of steady-state inactivation by −6.5 ± 1.0 mV (n = 11, P < 0.0001), but did not affect the voltage-dependence of activation. Isoflurane increased the time constant for sodium channel recovery from 7.5 ± 0.6 to 12.7 ± 1.3 ms (n = 13, P < 0.001). Isoflurane also reduced persistent sodium current density (median inhibitory concentration = 0.4 ± 0.1 mM, ~1.5 MAC) and resurgent currents. Isoflurane (0.55 mM; ~2 MAC) reduced action potential amplitude, and hyperpolarized resting membrane potential from −54.6 ± 2.3 to −58.7 ± 2.1 mV (n = 16, P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Isoflurane at clinically relevant concentrations inhibits both transient and persistent sodium currents in hippocampal cornu ammonis pyramidal neurons. These mechanisms may contribute to reductions in both hippocampal neuron excitability and synaptic neurotransmission.
Repeated Cross-sectional Surveys of Burnout, Distress, and Depression among Anesthesiology Residents and First-year Graduates
Authors: Sun Huaping , Warner David O. , Macario Alex , Zhou Yan , Culley Deborah J. , Keegan Mark T. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Editor’s Perspective

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What This Article Tells Us That Is New

Background
This repeated cross-sectional survey study was conducted to determine the prevalence of, and factors associated with, burnout, distress, and depression among anesthesiology residents and first-year graduates. We hypothesized that heavy workload and student debt burden were associated with a higher risk of physician burnout, distress, and depression, and that perception of having adequate workplace resources, work–life balance, and social support were associated with a lower risk.

Methods
Physicians beginning U.S. anesthesiology residency between 2013 and 2016 were invited to take online surveys annually from their clinical anesthesia year 1 to 1 yr after residency graduation. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Physician Well-Being Index, and the Harvard Department of Psychiatry/National Depression Screening Day Scale were used to measure burnout, distress, and depression, respectively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine whether self-reported demographics, personal, and professional factors were associated with the risk of burnout, distress, and depression.

Results
The response rate was 36% (5,295 of 14,529). The prevalence of burnout, distress, and depression was 51% (2,531 of 4,966), 32% (1,575 of 4,941), and 12% (565 of 4,840), respectively. Factors associated with a lower risk of all three outcomes included respondents’ perceived workplace resource availability, (odds ratio = 0.51 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.57] for burnout; 0.51 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.56] for distress; 0.52 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.60] for depression) and perceived ability to maintain work–life balance (0.61 [95% CI, 0.56 to 0.67] for burnout; 0.50 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.55] for distress; 0.58 [95% CI, 0.51 to 0.65] for depression). A greater number of hours worked per week and a higher amount of student debt were associated with a higher risk of distress and depression, but not burnout.

Conclusions
Burnout, distress, and depression are notable among anesthesiology residents. Perceived institutional support, work–life balance, strength of social support, workload, and student debt impact physician well-being.