bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing laboratory internal audit to improve compliance and quality of care in the municipal public health system–based ambulatory care health clinics in New York city
Authors: Huq Ronny Faisal M , Sherpa Tshering , Saquib Faisal N , Ahmad Shana 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
System-wide laboratory internal audits are useful to help laboratories prepare for external audits in addition to being part of the ongoing program for compliance improvement and quality assurance in the laboratory to track and enhance care quality.

Methods
A formal plan was developed and a modified audit checklist was prepared by our laboratory management team, applicable and uniquely tailored for our ambulatory care clinic settings to track operational, quality, and compliance metrics according to the New York State Department of Health Clinical Laboratory Evaluation Program. Two audits were conducted 6 months apart and the conformity documented.

Results
An overall 84% increase in compliance and conformity was observed between first and second audits, which ranged from 63% to 100% across different categories, with 100% improvement (0% nonconformity) in 75% of the sites in the second audit.

Conclusion
A system-wide laboratory internal audit was created and carried out. Staff shortages, rapid turnover, and lack of retraining were found to be contributing factors to sites that did not achieve 100% conformance. Continuous assessment and monitoring are key elements to success in the laboratory quality management system, and through this scheduled audit process, we were able to achieve continual laboratory quality improvement.
Phase 2 trial of veliparib, local irradiation, and temozolomide in patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma: a Children’s Oncology Group study
Authors: Karajannis Matthias A , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Lin Tong , Baxter Patricia A , Boué Daniel R , Cole Bonnie L , Fuller Christine , Haque Sofia , Jabado Nada , Lucas John T , MacDonald Shannon M , Matsushima Celeste , Patel Namrata , Pierson Christopher R , Souweidane Mark M , Thomas Diana L , Walsh Michael F , Zaky Wafik , Leary Sarah E S , Gajjar Amar , Fouladi Maryam , Cohen Kenneth J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The outcome for pediatric patients with high-grade glioma (HGG) remains poor. Veliparib, a potent oral poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase (PARP) 1/2 inhibitor, enhances the activity of radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy.

Methods
We conducted a single-arm, non-randomized phase 2 clinical trial to determine whether treatment with veliparib and radiotherapy, followed by veliparib and temozolomide, improves progression-free survival in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed HGG without H3 K27M or BRAF mutations, compared to patient-level data from historical cohorts with closely matching clinical and molecular features. Following surgical resection, newly diagnosed children with non-metastatic HGG were screened by rapid central pathology review and molecular testing. Eligible patients were enrolled on Stratum 1 (IDH wild-type) or Stratum 2 (IDH mutant).

Results
Both strata were closed to accrual for futility after planned interim analyses. Among the 23 eligible patients who enrolled on Stratum 1 and received protocol therapy, the 1-year event-free survival (EFS) was 23% (standard error, SE = 9%) and the 1-year overall survival (OS) was 64% (SE = 10%). Among the 14 eligible patients who enrolled on Stratum 2 and received protocol therapy, the 1-year EFS was 57% (SE = 13%) and 1-year OS was 93% (SE = 0.7%).

Conclusions
Rapid central pathology review and molecular testing for eligibility were feasible. The protocol therapy including radiation, veliparib, and temozolomide was well tolerated but failed to improve outcomes compared to clinically and molecularly matched historical control cohorts treated with higher doses of alkylator chemotherapy.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier
NCT03581292 (first posted: July 10, 2018).
A History of the Legal Battle Against Illicit Trade in Antiquities
Authors: de Tomasi Francesca 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the history of the fight against illicit antiquities trade at the global level, critically examining contexts in which this trade emerged and developed, as well as its principal directions and modes of implementation over the last two hundred years. Trade in antiquities was already a large-scale phenomenon in the second half of the nineteenth century when Greece, Italy, and Turkey enacted the first cultural heritage protection laws in order to establish antiquities as national property. At an international level, from the peace treaties that followed the two world wars and up to international conventions (such as the 1970 UNESCO and the 1995 UNIDROIT conventions), endangered antiquities were recognized as the heritage of all humankind. The exponential growth of illicit trade in antiquities and its link with organized crime brought the fight against trafficking to an all new level, demanding that all the subjects involved recognize the value of a heritage community.
The Political Ecology of Archaeology under Communism
Authors: Lozny Ludomir R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter contributes to understanding the nuanced bonds between ideology and the social sciences. It analyzes the twentieth-century political history of archaeology by examining the impact of political pressures on archaeological theory, methodology, and practice in countries currently or previously governed by regimes espousing communist ideology. Political ecology is the theoretical framework employed here to reveal and explain power relations between political decision-makers and archaeologists. The event history method used to examine data aids in objectifying the conclusion regarding the doctrinaire nature of archaeology under communism. The conclusion of the chapter is that the primary goal of archaeology under communism was to produce evidence to corroborate ideological dogmas. Therefore, scholars were deprived of the critical value of any scientific inquiry—the production of new knowledge.
The History of Commercial Archaeology
Authors: Aitchison Kenneth 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Commercial archaeology is the model through which most archaeological work is undertaken around the world. The chapter provides an overview of the history of this model, establishing that until the 1960s, there was neither opportunity nor reason for archaeological services to be delivered on a commercial basis. The chapter discusses how, following major political and social changes in the late 1960s, the field of Cultural Resource Management emerged in the United States, whereby private and public clients would pay commercial archaeology companies to undertake work on their behalf, principally to ensure compliance with regulations controlling construction and development. Founded on the principles of sustainable development and relying on the concept of “the polluter pays” as a funding model, commercial archaeology became the mechanism by which the overwhelming majority of archaeological investigation in the United States has been undertaken in the twenty-first century. This pattern was mirrored (but not directly replicated) in the United Kingdom, where the publication in 1990 of the government policy known as PPG 16 led to the rapid expansion and commercialization of professional archaeological services in the United Kingdom.
Biographical Research in the History of Archaeology
Authors: Coltofean Laura 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter reflects on the writing of archaeological biographies in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It first examines the emergence and development of biographies as a separate field of research and as an approach to the study of the history of archaeology. It then looks at who has authored archaeological biographies, why, and how, in addition to the sources that can be used in this pursuit and the types of information which can be retrieved from them. The chapter also discusses how digital technologies and the digital humanities, women’s and gender studies, as well as social media have influenced biographical research in archaeology, its results, and funding in recent years. Finally, the chapter reviews the relevance of archaeological biographies within archaeology today.
Artifact Distribution
Authors: Stevenson Alice 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces theoretical and analytical frameworks to conceptualize post-excavation finds distribution, including actor–network theory and approaches to object biographies. The chapter addresses the approach of methodologically tracing distribution through the examination of object marks and archives, inclusive of photograph and cast collections. A series of case studies highlights the mechanisms through which antiquities moved and the routes they traversed toward “centers of calculation,” such as museums. Special attention is given to the role of local agencies and source communities around field sites, nationalist antiquities laws, imperial and colonial infrastructures, public sponsorship models, as well as private initiatives of dealers. Although the focus of this chapter is on the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the final section looks at how the legacies of these practices still shape interpretations and have serious ethical implications in the present.
Gut Microbiome Modulation of Innate Immunity in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Merchak Andrea R. , Menees Kelly B. , Bolen MacKenzie , Tansey Malú Gámez 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The intimate connections among the gut, immune system, and brain have become increasingly apparent in recent years. Alterations in the gut microbiome have been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, evidence also points to innate immune system involvement in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Given that the gut is the largest immune organ in the body, understanding the dynamic interplay between the gut microbiome and the immune system and how this influences the brain in health and disease is critical. Further understanding how the gut microbiome, the innate immune system, and their interactions are altered in neurodegenerative diseases may be the key to developing disease-modifying therapies. This chapter reviews the literature related to gut microbiome-derived mediators and their impact on the innate immune system in the context of neurodegenerative diseases. The impact of external factors, including diet, pre-/probiotics, exercise, caffeine, and smoking, on the gut microbiome and innate immunity is also discussed.
The Global Airline Industry: Change and Persistence
Authors: Bouwens Bram 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
From the first, very short motorized ‘flight’ in 1903, the airline industry has developed into one of the most global and important sectors of the economy—and this despite being affected repeatedly by wars, economic crises, and numerous other shocks. After outlining the major characteristics of the industry and its dominant business models, this chapter traces the evolution of civil aviation from its modest origins to the present, subdividing it into three major periods: the first marked by the struggle for survival and the predominant role of air mail; the second seeing major growth due to the development of jet aircraft and mass tourism, while constrained by multilateral and bilateral government agreements, as well as a cartelized industry structure; and the third experiencing deregulation and privatization as well as the advent of new competitors and a significant geographic shift from the North Atlantic to Asia. The chapter concludes by summarizing the main drivers of change as well as persistence and suggesting avenues for further research.
Monsters in Creation Narratives of Ancient Greece and Rome
Authors: Mitchell Fiona 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Creation narratives tell the story of how the early universe—usually presented as an empty space or undifferentiated mass—was filled by or divided into what exists now. One way in which these narratives show this progression is through the types of bodies that existed at different times. Often, creation narratives include a period, after the appearance of primordial deities and before that of humans, during which bodies do not appear as we would expect them to. In some sources, monsters are part of a trial-and-error period; in others, they are aberrations that must be removed from our world before its completion. In either case, they demonstrate the process of creation through the change in types of bodies that exist at different times. Thus, they mark out the chronological boundary of the human world by highlighting a time when bodies like ours did not exist or when now-impossible bodies could exist.
Scylla and Charybdis
Authors: Hopman Marianne Govers 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In ancient Greek myth, the sea monster Scylla, together with her counterpart Charybdis, stands out as that rare monster undefeated by a god or male hero. This chapter surveys her deployment in Graeco-Roman antiquity, with special focus on her indomitable status. It discusses the epic narrative first attested in the Odyssey and the visual trope of Scylla as a dog-belted, mermaid-like hybrid creature, and it identifies key factors in her development in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, including her rationalization, rhetoricization, and the emergence of a metamorphosis story that constructs her as a victim. Taken together, the argument demonstrates that despite sometimes significant differences across her manifestations, Scylla’s defining combination of dog, female, and sea elements plays up and intertwines at least two elemental fears that touch on basic aspects of male identity: the fear of being eaten and the fear of emasculation.
Human-Animal Hybrids
Authors: Aston Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that, while animal–human hybrid beings are often included in ancient accounts of marvels, they have a unique symbolic power because they deliberately and graphically challenge the divide between human and non-human animals, while avoiding, or resolving, the chaos and confusion threatened by shape-shifting and fluidity of form. A discussion of centaurs—the most frequently represented hybrid in ancient literature and visual art—illustrates the fact that the universal properties of the hybrid always have to be set against the degree of local adaptation: named individual hybrids such as the centaur Chiron were deeply embedded in the myths and religion of particular regions. While it is valid to note cross-cultural formulae of the hybrid as representing the dangerous, boundary-crossing ‘Other’, hybrid beings were just as deeply involved in, and shaped by, the prevailing cultural conditions of specific times and places as any other characters in the ancient story-world.
Rationalizing Mythic Monsters in Antiquity
Authors: Hawes Greta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the problems posed by mythical monsters when measured against strict standards of historical and biological plausibility. The fantastic forms of monsters were held up by ancient authors (e.g. Plato, Palaephatus, and Galen) as prominent obstacles to making myths accord with a ‘doctrine of present things’. In this way, the monsters of the distant mythic past resembled the strange creatures found in reports of far-off lands, in that both challenged the reader’s sense of what was possible. The chapter uses examples of interpretations of creatures encountered by Heracles from Pausanias’ Guide to Greece and elsewhere to illustrate the various methods by which monsters could be rationalized. These include explanations of monsters as misunderstood descriptions of normal animals; explanations which assume that people might have had the names of animals; aspersions of poetic exaggeration; aspersions of primitive naïvety; and bolstering plausibility through analogies with strange creatures that do exist.
Classical Monsters in Medieval Literature and Art
Authors: Sciancalepore Antonella 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter first outlines what were the main sources and the channels of transmission of monster lore from classical antiquity in the Middle Ages. Afterwards, it illustrates how medieval texts defined the monstrous and what the occurrences of classical monsters in medieval visual and written culture were. Finally, it isolates four main attitudes that medieval culture adopted in handling classical monsters: (1) packaging the monster as a metaphor of human-animal duplicity; (2) reinventing the monster to make sense of different traditions competing with classical material; (3) using the monster as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unorthodox behaviour; and (4) imagining the monster as the exotic counterpart of European humans. These overlapping four attitudes are not exhaustive of all the aspects of medieval teratology but are intended to provide a glimpse of the tapestry that constituted medieval configurations of classical monsters.
Recasting Monsters in Postcolonial Art and Literature
Authors: McConnell Justine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on modern works that engage simultaneously with the mythic monsters of Graeco-Roman antiquity and the long legacy of colonialism that continues to shape the world today. A range of postcolonial receptions of ancient ‘monsters’ such as the Cyclops, Medusa, and the Minotaur are explored by examining works of visual art by Romare Bearden (The Cyclops) and Jane Alexander (Butcher Boys); poetry by Nikki Giovanni (‘Poseidon Hears His Baby Boy Crying’), Natalie Diaz (‘I, Minotaur’), and Lorna Goodison (‘The Mulatta and the Minotaur’); fiction by Ralph Ellison (Invisible Man); and an essay by Derek Walcott (‘The Muse of History’). These works compel us to think again about the categorization ‘monster’, illuminating and contesting the ideologies that have imposed this label and highlighting the ways in which it has been part of a colonial (and, in the case of the Odyssey, proto-colonial) stratagem of ‘othering’.
Art Horror
Authors: Lowe Dunstan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The snake-haired Gorgons whose looks turn men to stone are among the best-known monsters of classical antiquity, and the Gorgon’s face is among the commonest motifs in ancient art, from rooftops to drinking-cups. The mortal sister Medusa is literally objectified when the hero Perseus, with divine help, cuts off and steals her head: as their story expands over centuries, more image-making motifs are added. In both art and poetry, the bestial Gorgon becomes more maidenly and often sympathetic. After antiquity, Medusa is reimagined for many purposes: among twentieth-century theorists she gains prominence as a psychological symbol and feminist icon. After equally varied interpretations in the creative arts, contemporary popular media has made the Gorgon a canonical monster-type, usually as a femme fatale.
Psychological Processes of Uncertainty Regulation in Individual Entrepreneurship
Authors: Stephan Ute 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews individual-level perspectives on how entrepreneurs navigate uncertainty. Integrating perspectives from research on entrepreneurial action and from research on entrepreneurial well-being, the author outlines a micro-level self-regulatory model of entrepreneurs’ uncertainty management. This model considers cognitive appraisal processes alongside immediate emotional reactions and longer-term well-being as important drivers of entrepreneurial actions (opening, closing, or nonaction) to leverage or reduce uncertainty, contingent on entrepreneurs’ uncertainty capabilities. In turn, entrepreneurs’ appraisals of action outcomes feed back to alter perceived uncertainty (reducing or creating new uncertainty), uncertainty appraisals (as challenge, threat, or irrelevant), uncertainty capabilities, and action choices. The chapter offers new insights to research on entrepreneurial action and entrepreneurial well-being through integrating cognitive and emotional processes and helps to understand when, why, and how uncertainty can result in positive or negative outcomes for the entrepreneur including eudaimonic well-being or ill-being, adaptive action or identity uncertainty, and exit from entrepreneurship.
Jewish Commercial Law and Modern Political Economy
Authors: Rosensweig Itamar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Jewish law provides a robust internal rule system that governs commerce and trade. These rules constitute the section of Shulhan Arukh known as Hoshen Mishpat. Yet Jewish law also contains principles of incorporation that ratify external commercial norms of the marketplace—laws, customs, practices–and recognize them as valid. These principles of incorporation displace the internal provisions of Hoshen Mishpat to such an extent that contemporary Jewish courts sometimes decide commercial disputes between Jewish parties exclusively on the basis of these external norms. This chapter surveys the principles of incorporation and examines their conceptual and normative basis. The chapter argues that Jewish commercial law is structured to interact with the norms and institutions of a broader political economy.
In Search of a Political Theory of Assembly
Authors: Srinivasan Sharath 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Assembly means many things in politics, but it tends to mean some things more than others. In common parlance, peaceful assembly evokes acts of counterpower or protest. Conversely, in many countries, the assembly is also an institution of representative government. However, a global historical survey of assembly underscores more variety in assembly’s form, practice, and meaning, including popular assembly as a form of self-government. This chapter asks why this understanding of assembly that cleaves to popular sovereignty is diminished in contemporary political thought and practice. Ideas of politics that have dominated modernity privilege state authority and the legitimate use of force, the institutions of representative government and individual liberty. Within mainstream traditions, popular assembly is pushed beyond the boundary of ordinary politics, while assembly, as an act of protest, is pushed right up to this boundary where it is tamed as an individual right and policed for peacefulness. Paradoxically, this partial tolerance of episodic protest assembly is one means of legitimating state rule and representative government. Seen in this way, assembly’s continued threat to dominant politics arises less from its threat of disorder or violence than from its radical political promise. The distinctive political power of assembly is that it reprises the essence of popular sovereignty and hints at the heretical possibility of self-government. Re-centring assembly in political theory foregrounds how assembly’s extraordinary qualities are both constitutive of the boundary of the political ordinary and its biggest threat.
Reforming ‘pattern-or-practice’ police reform: what works, what does not, and where we need to go
Authors: Powell Zachary A , Chanin Joshua 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Over the last 30 years, the Department of Justice (DOJ) has used the pattern-or-practice initiative to implement police reform in maligned law enforcement agencies. Despite the longevity of the program, there is limited empirical evidence that assesses the effectiveness of the initiative, and what evidence exists shows mixed results. This paper advances prior scholarship in this area by considering what is known about the program, outlining the implied theory of the DOJ’s efforts, lamenting the lack of evaluation evidence, and prescribing a modern research agenda for this topic area.