bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic peptide display from a polymeric nanoparticle surface for targeting and antitumor activity to human triple‐negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Bressler Eric M. , Kim Jayoung , Shmueli Ron B. , Mirando Adam C. , Bazzazi Hojjat , Lee Esak , Popel Aleksander S. , Pandey Niranjan B. , Green Jordan J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐block‐polyethylene glycol (PLGA‐PEG) nanoparticles (NPs) can encapsulate drug cargos and prolong circulation times, they show nonspecific accumulation in off‐target tissues. Targeted delivery of drugs to tumor tissue and tumor vasculature is a promising approach for treating solid tumors while enhancing specificity and reducing systemic toxicity. AXT050, a collagen‐IV derived peptide with both antitumor and antiangiogenic properties, is shown to bind to tumor‐associated integrins with high affinity, which leads to targeted accumulation in tumor tissue. AXT050 conjugated to PLGA‐PEG NPs at precisely controlled surface density functions both as a targeting agent to human tumor cells and demonstrates potential for simultaneous antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic activity. These targeted NPs cause inhibition of adhesion and proliferation in vitro when added to human triple‐negative breast cancer cells and microvascular endothelial cells through binding to integrin αVβ3. Furthermore, we find an in vivo biphasic relationship between tumor targeting and surface coating density of NPs coated with AXT050. NPs with an intermediate level of 10% peptide surface coating show approximately twofold greater accumulation in tumors and lower accumulation in the liver compared to nontargeted PLGA‐PEG NPs in a murine biodistribution model. Display of biomimetic peptides from NP surfaces to both target and inhibit cancer cells has the potential to enhance the activity of cancer nanomedicines. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1753–1764, 2018.
Multicenter reproducibility study of diffusion MRI and fiber tractography of the lumbosacral nerves
Authors: Haakma Wieke , Hendrikse Jeroen , Uhrenholt Lars , Leemans Alexander , Warner Thorup Boel Lene , Pedersen Michael , Froeling Martijn 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been applied in the lumbar and sacral nerves in vivo, but information about the reproducibility of this method is needed before DTI can be used reliably in clinical practice across centers.PurposeIn this multicenter study the reproducibility of DTI of the lumbosacral nerves in healthy volunteers was investigated.Study TypeProspective control series.SubjectsTwenty healthy subjects.Field Strength/Sequence3T MRI. 3D turbo spin echo, and 3.0 mm isotropic DTI scan.AssessmentThe DTI scan was performed three times (twice in the same session, intrascan reproducibility, and once after an hour, interscan reproducibility). At site 2, 1 week later, the protocol was repeated (interweek reproducibility). Fiber tractography (FT) of the lumbar and sacral nerves (L3–S2) was performed to obtain values for fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity.Statistical TestsReproducibility was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and power calculations were performed.ResultsFT was successful and reproducible in all datasets. ICCs for all diffusion parameters were high for intrascan (ranging from 0.70–0.85), intermediate for interscan (ranging from 0.61–0.73), and interweek reliability (ranging from 0.58–0.62). There were small but significant differences between the interweek diffusivity values (P < 0.0005). Depending on the effect size, nerve location, and parameter of interest, power calculations showed that sample sizes between 10 and 232 subjects are needed for cross‐sectional studies.Data ConclusionWe found that DTI and FT of the lumbosacral nerves have intermediate to high reproducibility within and between scans. Based on these results, 10–58 subjects are needed to find a 10% change in parameters in cross‐sectional studies of the lumbar and sacral nerves. The small significant differences of the interweek comparison suggest that results from longitudinal studies need to be interpreted carefully, since small differences may also be caused by factors other than disease progression or therapeutic effects.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:951–963.
Implications of employing detailed urban canopy parameters for mesoscale climate modelling: a comparison between WUDAPT and GIS databases over Vienna, Austria
Authors: Hammerberg Kris , Brousse Oscar , Martilli Alberto , Mahdavi Ardeshir 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTOne of the major obstacles to using numerical weather prediction models for guidance on mitigating urbanization's impact on local and regional climate is the lack of detailed and model ready morphological data at urban scale. The World Urban Database and Access Portal Tool (WUDAPT) is a recent project developed to extract climate relevant information on urban areas, in the form of local climate zones (LCZs), out of remote sensing imagery. This description of the urban landscape has been tested and used for parameterization of different urban canopy models (UCM) for mesoscale studies. As detailed information is usually bounded within cities' centres, crowdsourced and remote sensing data offer the possibility to move beyond the old barriers of urban climate investigations by studying the full range of variation from the urban core to the periphery and its related impacts on local climate. Thus, for this study we sought to compare the relative impact of using the WUDAPT methodology versus a simplified definition of the urban morphology extracted out of detailed GIS information to initialize a regional weather model and compare the output against official and crowdsourced weather station networks. A case study over Vienna, Austria was conducted using the weather research forecasting (WRF) model, coupled with the building effect parameterization and building energy models (BEP–BEM) in five distinct seasonal periods. Results demonstrated that using detailed GIS data to derive morphological descriptions of LCZs for mesoscale studies provided only a marginal overall improvement over using the default WUDAPT parameters based on the ranges proposed by Stewart and Oke (2012). The findings also highlighted the importance of developing techniques that are better at capturing the morphological heterogeneity across the entire urban landscape and thus improve our understandings of UCM performance over urban areas.
Evidence and mechanism by which upper partial fibulectomy improves knee biomechanics and decreases knee pain of osteoarthritis
Authors: ZeYu Huang Yong Nie , Xu Bin , Shen Bin , Kraus Virginia B. , Pei FuXing 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTTo investigate the change in short‐term clinical outcomes and biomechanical properties of the knee in response to upper partial fibulectomy and to probe into the biomechanical mechanism underlying the clinical benefits of upper partial fibulectomy for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (KOA). A total of 29 patients with medial compartment KOA underwent upper partial fibulectomy. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain, the hospital for special surgery knee score (HSS), hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) angle (measured in the frontal plane), and flexion/extension range of motion of the knee were assessed before and up to 6 months after surgery. Patients and 20 healthy controls were evaluated by 3D gait analysis and dynamic lower limb musculoskeletal analysis. Both VAS pain and HSS score were significantly improved (p < 0.001) one day after surgery and steadily improved during the subsequent 6 months. HKA angle improved (p = 0.025) immediately and remained stable by 3 months after surgery. The decreased overall peak KAM (decreased by 11.1%) and increased HKA angle (increased by 1.80 degrees from a more varus to more neutral alignment) of affected and operated side by 6 months after surgery were observed. Muscle activity of biceps femoris caput longum of affected and operated side increased immediately and was equivalent to healthy controls by 6 months after surgery (p = 0.007). This pilot study provides biomechanical evidence of benefit from partial upper fibulectomy and indicates a plausible rationale for the improvement in clinical symptoms. Long‐term clinical outcomes and precise biomechanical mechanism of partial upper fibulectomy should be further investigated. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:2099–2108, 2018.
The role of androgens on periodontal repair in female rats
Authors: Steffens João Paulo , Santana Luis Carlos Leal , Pitombo Jonleno Coutinho Paiva , Ribeiro Daniel Olivio , Albaricci Maria Carolina Costa , Warnavin Stephanie von Stein Cubas , Kantarci Alpdogan , Spolidorio Luis Carlos 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundTestosterone replacement enhances cognitive function and musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women. However, the biological role of testosterone on inflammation and bone metabolism in females is not well understood. Our objective was to measure the impact of androgens and their receptors on periodontal tissues during periodontal repair in female rats.MethodsSeventy female Holtzman rats were divided into seven groups (n = 10/group): negative control; repair control; androgen receptor antagonist (flutamide, 50 mg/kg, every other day); estrogen receptor antagonist (fulvestrant, 1.5 mg/kg/day); testosterone supplementation (durateston, 250 mg/kg, weekly); aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole, 0.2 mg /kg/day); testosterone plus anastrozole. Cotton ligatures were kept for 13 days, when pharmacological treatment was initiated. On day 14, the ligatures were removed. The rats were euthanized on the 17th or the 28th day (n = 5/group/period) for the evaluation of markers related to inflammation and bone. The tissue and serum samples were evaluated using a multiplexed immunoassay for the inflammatory targets. Radiographic and histologic analyses were performed to assess changes in tissues.ResultsBlockage of androgen receptors had little effect on inflammatory cell count, although it tended to increase interleukin (IL)‐4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) as well as decrease IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and IL‐6. Flutamide also significantly impaired bone repair (P < 0.05) and had greater osteoclast count, although this last difference was not statistically significant. Testosterone supplementation significantly increased the inflammatory cell count, decreased the levels of IL‐4, IL‐10, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α; and increased VEGF and EGF.ConclusionThe blockage of androgen receptors significantly impair bone repair in females through mechanisms that are different from those related to estrogen receptors.
Global perspectives on the impact of drastic environmental changes in hunter‐gatherer technologies
Authors: Bicho Nuno , Cascalheira João 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTResearchers have long debated the impact of climate change on human culture and particularly in hunter‐gatherer societies. Climate drifts, particularly abrupt ones, have been continuingly seen as major prompts for rapid technological and cultural innovation. Recent advances in paleoclimatic reconstructions and ongoing developments in the quality and chronological resolution of archeological data have allowed a better understanding of the extent to which patterns of specific environmental changes triggered modifications in the technological systems of hunter‐gatherers. This volume brings together contributions addressing strategic changes in the organization of hunter‐gatherer technologies as a response to drastic environmental shifts. It includes topics such as lithic, organic tools and ceramic production, pyrotechnology, hunting strategies, pigment processing, use of plants and adornments, starting with Middle Stone Age and ending with Mesolithic and coming from a diversity of geographical contexts. This introduction to the volume provides a general view on the continuing debate over cause and effect in the interplay between humans and climate with the aim to provide a better understanding of the role and magnitude of environmental determinism in the archeology of hunter‐gatherers.
Volatile composition of Carignan noir wines from ungrafted and grafted onto País (Vitis vinifera L.) grapevines from ten wine‐growing sites in Maule Valley, Chile
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Gamboa Gastón , Garde‐Cerdán Teresa , Carrasco‐Quiroz Marioli , Pérez‐Álvarez Eva Pilar , Martínez‐Gil Ana María , Del Alamo‐Sanza María , Moreno‐Simunovic Yerko 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarignan noir is one of the minor and ancient varieties from the Chilean wine scenario that has had a resurgence as a result of to its rediscovered oenological potential when cultivated under the conditions of the interior dryland area. Under these growing conditions Carignan noir wines stand out as fruit driven and fresh compared to those originating from other growing areas. On the other hand, it is well known that wine aroma composition depends mainly on variety, viticultural management and winemaking. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the volatile composition of wines from Carignan noir grapes originating from ungrafted and grafted onto País grapevines, in ten sites of the Maule Valley (Chile) during two consecutive vintages.RESULTSHigher alcohols were the most abundant volatile compounds, whereas ethyl esters and ß‐damascenone were the most odoriferous compounds according to their odorant activity value. The dominant factor in Carignan noir wine volatile composition was season, whereas rootstock did not have a significant effect in differentiating the wines. In terms of climate, cold nights during the month prior to harvest correlated with higher linalool, α‐terpineol and trans‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol content. The biologically effective degree‐days index was inversely correlated with isoamyl acetate and 2‐phenylethyl acetate content. Huglin's heliothermal and the average mean temperature of the warmest month indices were inversely correlated with ethyl vanillate, ethyl hexanoate and ethyl octanoate content.CONCLUSIONSite climate conditions were related to the accumulation of certain wine volatile compounds. This information may be useful for devising new Carignan noir vineyard management strategies when aiming to improve wine quality or adjust site selection approaches to maximize grape/wine volatile composition according to wine style. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Biochar influences soil carbon pools and facilitates interactions with soil: A field investigation
Authors: El‐Naggar Ali , Awad Yasser M. , Tang Xiang‐Yu , Liu Chen , Niazi Nabeel Khan , Jien Shih‐Hao , Tsang Daniel C.W. , Song Hocheol , Ok Yong Sik , Lee Sang Soo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBiochar promotes the storage of organic carbon (OC) in soils. OC is unevenly distributed in soils among different particle‐size fractions showing different structures, functions, and stability. The objective of this study was to investigate the biochar–soil interactions and the redistribution of soil C in different soil fractions based on a 2‐year field experiment. Fractionation was done by particle sizes including coarse sand (250–2,000 μm), fine sand (53–250 μm), and silt/clay (<53 μm). Integrated spectroscopic techniques were employed to examine physical characteristics of biochar–soil interactions in different soil fractions. Application of biochar increased OC by 37%, 42%, and 76% in soil particle‐size fractions of 53–250, <53, and 250–2,000 μm, respectively. This was supported by X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, which showed an increase of C contents by 5–56% with biochar addition. The highest increment in OC was found in coarse sand fraction, and redistribution of OC was detected depending on various soil particle sizes. Results of scanning electron microscopy combined with electron dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis showed the interactions between soil and biochar, which could be attributed to oxidized functional groups (OCO, CO, and CO) captured by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The long‐term aged biochar could be beneficial to enhance soil quality by promoting OC storage and facilitating positive biochar–soil interactions.
Rebuilding soil carbon in degraded steppe soils of Eastern Europe: The importance of windbreaks and improved cropland management
Authors: Wiesmeier Martin , Lungu Marina , Cerbari Valerian , Boincean Boris , Hübner Rico , Kögel‐Knabner Ingrid 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLong‐term cultivation of steppe soils in a nonsustainable way caused severe soil degradation and reduced agricultural productivity in Eastern Europe, one of the world's most important areas for cereal production. In order to combat soil erosion and maintain yields, a widespread system of tree windbreaks was introduced in the 1950s, accompanied by improved agricultural practices in recent years. However, information on the effectiveness of such measures to rebuild soil organic carbon (SOC) is scarce. The objective of this study was to estimate the OC storage potential of the fine mineral fraction of degraded arable steppe soils in Moldova and to quantify SOC sequestration rates under (a) windbreaks, (b) cropland with improved crop rotation/manure application, and (c) cropland with cover cropping. Natural grassland relicts served as a reference to estimate the SOC saturation potential. Our results revealed a low SOC saturation of 50% under conventional agricultural use due to high SOC losses, indicating a high potential for SOC sequestration. Relatively high SOC sequestration rates were determined for topsoils (0–30 cm) under windbreaks (0.9 t ha−1 yr−1), improved crop rotation/manure application (1.3 t ha−1 yr−1), and cover cropping (1.9 t ha−1 yr−1). In this regard, sequestration rates derived from OC changes of the fine fraction may be more reliable than total SOC‐based rates, particularly for windbreaks with high proportions of labile SOC. We conclude that implementation of improved agricultural management together with the maintenance of windbreaks is a promising strategy to rebuild SOC, reduce widespread soil erosion and compaction, and secure Moldova's agricultural productivity.
Methylotrophic methanogenesis fuels cryptic methane cycling in marine surface sediment
Authors: Xiao Ke‐Qing , Beulig Felix , Røy Hans , Jørgensen Bo Barker , Risgaard‐Petersen Nils 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMethylotrophic methanogenesis is often proposed to be responsible for methane production in sulfate‐rich environments, yet the magnitude of this process remains elusive. In this study, we incubated sediment from Aarhus Bay (Denmark) with 13C labeled CH4 to measure total methane turnover by isotope dilution, and with 14C‐radiotracers to measure specifically the gross hydrogenotrophic and acetoclastic methane production. Highest CH4 production rates (> 200 pmol cm−3 d−1) were found in the top 0–2 cm. Most of this production was via methylotrophic pathways. Methanogenesis via the hydrogenotrophic pathway accounted for less than 20 pmol cm−3 d−1 throughout the surface sediment (0–10 cm), and there was no apparent contribution from acetoclastic methanogenesis. To further assess potentials for methanogenesis from hydrogen, acetate, or trimethylamine (TMA), sediment slurry incuabtions with excess substrate addition were performed. A high and accelarating CH4 production was only detected in incubations amended with TMA. Our results show that methylotrophic methanogenesis dominated the CH4 production in these sulfate‐rich marine surface sediments.
Pseudo‐Riemannian ‐manifolds with dimension at most 21
Authors: Quiroga‐Barranco Raul 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLet G2(2) be the non‐compact connected simple Lie group of type G2 over , and let M be a connected analytic complete pseudo‐Riemannian manifold that admits an isometric G2(2)‐action with a dense orbit. For the case , we provide a full description of the manifold M, its geometry and its G2(2)‐action. The latter are always given in terms of a Lie group geometry related to G2(2), and in one case M is essentially the quotient of SO0(3, 4) by a lattice.
Exploring creative marketing thought: Divergent ideation processes and outcomes
Authors: Titus Philip A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMost marketing professionals deem creativity vital to successful marketing performance. However, while previous research has advanced an understanding of creative organizations, much less is known about the cognitive processes that direct the creative thinking of marketing professionals. This article presents a theoretical framework, the Divergent Marketing Thought Model (DMTM), that explores the ideation modes, processes, and outcomes involved in the generation of divergent marketing thought. The proposed model, which is based on a synthesis of research from psychology, marketing, and creativity, offers insight into specific divergent ideation processes that mediate the generation of creative marketing thought. Informed by the DMTM, several formal research propositions are advanced.
Characterization of Swedish Campylobacter coli clade 2 and clade 3 water isolates
Authors: Nilsson Anna , Skarp Astrid , Johansson Cecilia , Kaden René , Engstrand Lars , Rautelin Hilpi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are important bacterial enteropathogens. Poultry is the best‐known reservoir for Campylobacter infection but natural bodies of water have also been shown to be important pathways for transmission. Campylobacter can survive in cold water but most of the studies have focused on C. jejuni only. In this paper, we take a closer look at the biology and water survival strategies of C. coli. Eight C. coli isolates cultivated from raw (incoming) surface water at water plants in Sweden were characterized using whole‐genome sequencing and phenotypical assays. Phylogenetic analysis assigned the Swedish water isolates to clades 2 and 3, known to include C. coli of environmental origin. In addition, 53 earlier published sequences of C. coli clade 2 and 3 from environmental waters were included for in silico analyses. Generally, clade 2 isolates had larger genomes, which included a functional tricarballylate utilization locus, while clade 3 isolates contained different genes involved in oxidative stress as well as putative virulence factors. The Swedish water isolates of clade 2 formed large, blurry bacterial colonies on agar, whereas clade 3 colonies were smaller. All Swedish isolates were motile, but clade 3 isolates formed larger motility zones on soft agar, and none of these isolates produced biofilm. Although water survival varied between the analyzed isolates, there were hardly any clade‐specific significant differences. Our results highlight the diversity of C. coli in general, and show differences in metabolic capabilities and ways to handle oxidative stress between clade 2 and 3 water isolates.