bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simulation study of left ventricular decompression using a double lumen arterial cannula prototype during a veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Ježek Filip , Strunina Svitlana , Carlson Brian E , Hozman Jiří 
Published: June 2019

Background: Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation can be vital to support patients in severe or rapidly progressing cardiogenic shock. In cases of left ventricular distension, left ventricular decompression during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be a crucial factor influencing the patient outcome. Application of a double lumen arterial cannula for a left ventricular unloading is an alternative, straightforward method for left ventricular decompression during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a veno-arterial configuration. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to use a mathematical model of the human adult cardiovascular system to analyze the left ventricular function of a patient in cardiogenic shock supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with and without the application of left ventricular unloading using a novel double lumen arterial cannula. Methods: A lumped model of cardiovascular system hydraulics has been coupled with models of non-pulsatile veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, a standard venous cannula, and a drainage lumen of a double lumen arterial cannula. Cardiogenic shock has been induced by decreasing left ventricular contractility to 10% of baseline normal value. Results: The simulation results indicate that applying double lumen arterial cannula during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is associated with reduction of left ventricular end-systolic volume, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic pressure, and end-diastolic pressure. Conclusions: A double lumen arterial cannula is a viable alternative less invasive method for left ventricular decompression during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. However, to allow for satisfactory extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flow, the cannula design has to be revisited.
Periprocedural anxiety associated with cardiac catheterisation and the monitored physiological measures
Authors: Ahmad Muayyad , Ayasrah Shahnaz M 
Published: June 2019

Objectives To describe, compare and examine self-reported anxiety levels and associated physiological responses of blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate of patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation (CATH). Methods Repeated measure design was used to assess a sample of 100 patients who had undergone cardiac catheterisation (CATH) in a major specialised heart institute in Jordan. Results Patients’ anxiety levels differed significantly across the three time periods (baseline, prior to and post CATH). The mean anxiety levels prior to CATH scored with State Anxiety Inventory (M = 52.14, SD = 6.0) was significantly higher than that at baseline (M = 48.35, SD = 5.6) and post CATH (M = 36.27, SD = 9.7). Conclusion Most patients experienced anxiety when scheduled for a CATH. The highest level of anxiety was within two hours prior to the procedure and the lowest was post procedure.
Impact of microaxillar mechanical left ventricular support on renal resistive index in patients with cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: a pilot trial to predict renal organ dysfunction in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Markus Birgit , Patsalis Nikolaos , Chatzis Georgios , Luesebrink Ulrich , Ahrens Holger , Schieffer Bernhard , Karatolios Konstantinos 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of left ventricular support with the microaxial left ventricular pump using the Impella device on the renal resistive index assessed by Doppler ultrasonography in haemodynamically stable patients with cardiogenic shock following myocardial infarction. Methods: A non-randomised interventional single-centre study. Consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock supported with an Impella were included during May 2018 and October 2018. The renal resistive index determined as a quotient of (peak systolic velocity – end diastolic velocity)/ peak systolic velocity was obtained using Doppler ultrasound; invasive blood pressure was determined in radial artery simultaneously for safety reasons. Results: A total of 15 patients were measured. The renal resistive index was determined in both kidneys in 13 patients and for one kidney in two patients, respectively. The mean difference between right and left renal resistive index was 0.026 ± 0.023 ( P=0.72). When increasing the Impella microaxillar mechanical support by a mean of 0.44 L/min (±0.2 L/min), the renal resistive index decreased significantly from 0.66 ± 0.08 to 0.62 ± 0.06 ( P<0.001) consistently in all patients, whereas systolic or diastolic blood pressure remained unchanged. Conclusions: Microaxillar mechanical support by the Impella device in haemodynamically stable patients with cardiogenic shock led to a significant reduction of the renal resistive index without affecting systolic or diastolic blood pressure. This observation is consistent with the notion that Impella support may promote renal organ protection by enhancing renal perfusion.
Arterial blood pressure during targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and association with brain injury and long-term cognitive function
Authors: Grand Johannes , Lilja Gisela , Kjaergaard Jesper , Bro-Jeppesen John , Friberg Hans , Wanscher Michael , Cronberg Tobias , Nielsen Niklas , Hassager Christian 
Published: June 2019

Objectives:
During targeted temperature management after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest infusion of vasoactive drugs is often needed to ensure cerebral perfusion pressure. This study investigated mean arterial pressure after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and the association with brain injury and long-term cognitive function.

Methods:
Post-hoc analysis of patients surviving at least 48 hours in the biobank substudy of the targeted temperature management trial with available blood pressure data. Patients were stratified in three groups according to mean arterial pressure during targeted temperature management (4–28 hours after admission; &lt;70 mmHg, 70–80 mmHg, &gt;80 mmHg). A biomarker of brain injury, neuron-specific enolase, was measured and impaired cognitive function was defined as a mini-mental state examination score below 27 in 6-month survivors.

Results:
Of the 657 patients included in the present analysis, 154 (23%) had mean arterial pressure less than 70 mmHg, 288 (44%) had mean arterial pressure between 70 and 80 mmHg and 215 (33%) had mean arterial pressure greater than 80 mmHg. There were no statistically significant differences in survival (P=0.35) or neuron-specific enolase levels (P=0.12) between the groups. The level of target temperature did not statistically significantly interact with mean arterial pressure regarding neuron-specific enolase (Pinteraction_MAP*TTM=0.58). In the subgroup of survivors with impaired cognitive function (n=132) (35%) mean arterial pressure during targeted temperature management was significantly higher (Pgroup=0.03).

Conclusions:
In a large cohort of comatose out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients, low mean arterial pressure during targeted temperature management was not associated with higher neuron-specific enolase regardless of the level of target temperature (33°C or 36°C for 24 hours). In survivors with impaired cognitive function, mean arterial pressure during targeted temperature management was significantly higher.
Influence of Periodontal Disease on QoL of Periodontal Patients in Riyadh
Authors: Al-Kattan Reem , Shibani Nouf Al , Zahrani Hanadi AL , Enazi Ghadah Al , Nafa Demah Al 
Published: June 2019

Aims and objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of periodontal status on quality of life (QoL) with the use of a short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) in patients with periodontal disease attending university in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: Adult patients diagnosed with periodontal disease and having minimum of 15 teeth or more present was included. Included patients were requested to fill a questionnaire form and undergo a comprehensive clinical periodontal examination. The influence of oral health on patients’ QoL was assessed using the Arabic version of OHIP-14. Results: A total of 25 adults aged between 23 and 80 years with a mean age of 49 years completed the questionnaire. The impact of periodontal disease on patient’s QoL was statistically significant in 2 domains, namely physical pain ( P = .004) and psychological disability ( P = .001). The severity of periodontal disease did not show a negative impact on functional limitation. In general, the total OHIP-14 scores were statistically significant with the number of teeth with pocket depths of 5 mm ( P = .001) and 7 mm ( P = .011). Conclusions: Periodontal destruction has a negative impact on QoL. The use of this index as well as other patient-centered outcome measures has significant implications in periodontology, including treatment planning and evaluation of treatment results.
Concussions in the National Basketball Association: Analysis of Incidence, Return to Play, and Performance From 1999 to 2018
Authors: Patel Bhavik H. , Okoroha Kelechi R. , Jildeh Toufic R. , Lu Yining , Idarraga Alexander J. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Shen Sarek A. , Forsythe Brian 
Published: June 2019

Background: The effect of concussions on professional athletes has been investigated in many sports. However, few studies have evaluated concussions in National Basketball Association (NBA) players. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that concussion incidence has increased, yet the return-to-play (RTP) rate will remain high following the institution of the NBA concussion policy (NBACP). We also hypothesized that the incidence of repeat concussions will be similar to first occurrences and that player performance and game availability will not be significantly affected by sustaining a concussion. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Publicly available records were searched to identify all concussions from NBA seasons 1999-2000 to 2017-2018. Player demographics and information regarding career history were tabulated. Incidence of concussion and RTP timing were evaluated before and after institution of the NBACP (2011). Minutes per game and game score per minute were evaluated pre- versus postconcussion. Player availability and performance were also compared with an age-, body mass index–, position-, and experience-matched control group of players who did not sustain a concussion. Results: A total of 189 concussions were reported in the NBA from 1999 to 2018, with a mean ± SD incidence of 9.7 ± 7.3 concussions per season. Following implementation of the NBACP, incidence significantly increased from 5.7 ± 2.8 to 16.7 ± 7.5 concussions per season ( P = .007). All players returned to play following first-time concussion after missing 7.7 ± 8.6 days and 3.5 ± 4.1 games. RTP time was not significantly different after implementation of the NBACP (games missed, P = .24; days missed, P = .27), and there was no difference in concussion-free time interval ( P = .29). Game score per minute and minutes per game were not significantly affected by sustaining a concussion (both P > .05). Conclusion: Concussion incidence in NBA players is approximately 17 instances per season since the 2011 institution of a league-wide concussion policy. The number of reported concussions significantly increased following the policy, in line with trends seen in other professional sports leagues. Players have retained a high rate of RTP after 3 to 4 missed games. Player performance and availability are not affected by sustaining a concussion following successful RTP.
Impact of acquired del(17p) in multiple myeloma
Authors: Lakshman Arjun , Painuly Utkarsh , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Ketterling Rhett P. , Kapoor Prashant , Greipp Patricia T. , Dispenzieri Angela , Gertz Morie A. , Buadi Francis K. , Lacy Martha Q. , Dingli David , Fonder Amie L. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Hobbs Miriam A. , Gonsalves Wilson I. , Hwa Yi Lisa , Leung Nelson , Go Ronald S. , Lin Yi , Kourelis Taxiarchis V. , Warsame Rahma , Lust John A. , Russell Stephen J. , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Kyle Robert A. , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The high-risk abnormality del(17p) can be detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization on malignant plasma cells (PCs) and has an adverse prognostic impact in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Patients with del(17p) have reduced overall survival (OS). Patients who acquire del(17p) later during the disease course are not well described. The disease characteristics at diagnosis predicting for acquired del(17p) and its overall impact on patient survival is not known. We compared 76 patients with MM who were negative for del(17p) at diagnosis and acquired it later with 152 control MM patients who did not acquire del(17p) at a comparable time point. Patients acquired del(17p) at a median of 35.6 months (range, 4.6-116.1 months) from diagnosis of MM after a median of 2 lines of therapy (range, 1-10 lines of therapy). When compared with controls, patients with acquired del(17p) had shorter median progression-free survival (PFS) (30.1 vs 23.0 months; P = .032) and OS (106.1 vs 68.2 months; P &lt; .001) from diagnosis. After the detection of del(17p), the median PFS was 5.4 months and the median OS was 18.1 months. High lactate dehydrogenase level (odds ratio [OR], 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-12.24) and presence of t(4;14) (OR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.09-6.48) or any high-risk translocation (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.00-4.95) at diagnosis predicted acquisition of del(17p). High PC proliferative rate predicted shorter OS from detection of del(17p) (hazard ratio, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.31-3.96; P = .004). Our study shows that acquisition of del(17p) is an important molecular event associated with reduction in OS in MM. Certain baseline factors may predict acquisition of del(17p). This needs validation in prospective data sets.
Prognostic significance of chronic respiratory symptoms in individuals with normal spirometry
Authors: Çolak Yunus , Nordestgaard Børge G. , Vestbo Jørgen , Lange Peter , Afzal Shoaib 
Published: June 2019

Normal spirometry is often used to preclude airway disease in individuals with unspecific respiratory symptoms. We tested the hypothesis that chronic respiratory symptoms are associated with respiratory hospitalisations and death in individuals with normal spirometry without known airway disease.We included 108 246 randomly chosen individuals aged 20–100 years from a Danish population-based cohort study. Normal spirometry was defined as a pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio ≥0.70. Chronic respiratory symptoms included dyspnoea, chronic mucus hypersecretion, wheezing and cough. Individuals with known airway disease,i.e.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or asthma, were excluded (n=10 291). We assessed risk of hospitalisations due to exacerbations of airway disease and pneumonia, and respiratory and all-cause mortality, from 2003 through 2018.52 999 individuals had normal spirometry without chronic respiratory symptoms and 30 890 individuals had normal spirometry with chronic respiratory symptoms. During follow-up, we observed 1037 hospitalisations with exacerbation of airway disease, 5743 hospitalisations with pneumonia and 8750 deaths, of which 463 were due to respiratory disease. Compared with individuals with normal spirometry without chronic respiratory symptoms, multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for individuals with normal spirometry with chronic respiratory symptoms were 1.62 (95% CI 1.20–2.18) for exacerbation hospitalisations, 1.26 (95% CI 1.17–1.37) for pneumonia hospitalisations, 1.59 (95% CI 1.22–2.06) for respiratory mortality and 1.19 (95% CI 1.13–1.25) for all-cause mortality. There was a positive dose–response relationship between number of symptoms and risk of outcomes. Results were similar after 2 years of follow-up, for never-smokers alone, and for each symptom separately.Chronic respiratory symptoms are associated with respiratory hospitalisations and death in individuals with normal spirometry without known airway disease.
Breath analysis of cancer in the present and the future
Authors: Einoch Amor Reef , Nakhleh Morad K. , Barash Orna , Haick Hossam 
Published: June 2019

Most of the currently used diagnostics for cancerous diseases have yet to meet the standards of screening, as they are insufficiently accurate and/or invasive and risky. In this review, we describe the rationale, the progress made to date, and the potential of analysing the exhaled volatile organic compounds as a pathway for enabling early diagnosis of cancer and, therefore, for achieving better clinical prognosis and survival rates. The review highlights the major advancements made in this field, from fundamentals, up to translational phases and clinical trials, with a special emphasis on sensing platforms based on nanomaterials. The prospects for breath analysis in early cancerous disease are presented and discussed.
Anti-glycation, anti-hemolysis, and ORAC activities of demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin in vitro and reductions of oxidative stress in d-galactose-induced BALB/c mice in vivo
Authors: Liu Yuh-Hwa , Lee Tai-Lin , Han Chuan-Hsiao , Lee Yi-Shan , Hou Wen-Chi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
There were few report concerning anti-glycation and antioxidant activities of the minor amounts of components in curcuminoids, demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin, in vitro and in vivo.

Results
The bovine serum albumin/galactose of non-enzymatic glycation models, radical-induced hemolysis, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) were studied in vitro, and the d-galactose-induced oxidative stress in BALB/c mice and then demethylcurcumin or tetrahydroxycurcumin interventions in vivo. The parameters of oxidative stress in plasma and brain extracts were determined among animal groups with or without both curcuminoids interventions. The demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin exhibited anti-glycation, anti-hemolysis, and ORAC activities, and showed much better and significant difference (P < 0.05) compared to those of curcumin in vitro. In animal experiments, the intervened two curcuminoids at both concentrations showed to lower serum malondialdehyde (MDA), brain MDA levels and iNOS protein expressions, and elevate serum ORAC activities, and showed difference (P < 0.05) compared to the galactose-induced control.

Conclusion
The demethylcurcumin and tetrahydroxycurcumin showed potentials in developing functional foods for antioxidant-related purposes.
Recording development with single cell dynamic lineage tracing
Authors: McKenna Aaron , Gagnon James A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Every animal grows from a single fertilized egg into an intricate network of cell types and organ systems. This process is captured in a lineage tree: a diagram of every cell's ancestry back to the founding zygote. Biologists have long sought to trace this cell lineage tree in individual organisms and have developed a variety of technologies to map the progeny of specific cells. However, there are billions to trillions of cells in complex organisms, and conventional approaches can only map a limited number of clonal populations per experiment. A new generation of tools that use molecular recording methods integrated with single cell profiling technologies may provide a solution. Here, we summarize recent breakthroughs in these technologies, outline experimental and computational challenges, and discuss biological questions that can be addressed using single cell dynamic lineage tracing.
The evolving concept of cell identity in the single cell era
Authors: Morris Samantha A. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Fueled by recent advances in single cell biology, we are moving away from qualitative and undersampled assessments of cell identity, toward building quantitative, high-resolution cell atlases. However, it remains challenging to precisely define cell identity, leading to renewed debate surrounding this concept. Here, I present three pillars that I propose are central to the notion of cell identity: phenotype, lineage and state. I explore emerging technologies that are enabling the systematic and unbiased quantification of these properties, and outline how these efforts will enable the construction of a high-resolution, dynamic landscape of cell identity, potentially revealing its underlying molecular regulation to provide new opportunities for understanding and manipulating cell fate.
Mapping chromatin modifications at the single cell level
Authors: Ludwig Connor H. , Bintu Lacramioara 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Understanding chromatin regulation holds enormous promise for controlling gene regulation, predicting cellular identity, and developing diagnostics and cellular therapies. However, the dynamic nature of chromatin, together with cell-to-cell heterogeneity in its structure, limits our ability to extract its governing principles. Single cell mapping of chromatin modifications, in conjunction with expression measurements, could help overcome these limitations. Here, we review recent advances in single cell-based measurements of chromatin modifications, including optimization to reduce DNA loss, improved DNA sequencing, barcoding, and antibody engineering. We also highlight several applications of these techniques that have provided insights into cell-type classification, mapping modification co-occurrence and heterogeneity, and monitoring chromatin dynamics.
Communication codes in developmental signaling pathways
Authors: Li Pulin , Elowitz Michael B. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
A handful of core intercellular signaling pathways play pivotal roles in a broad variety of developmental processes. It has remained puzzling how so few pathways can provide the precision and specificity of cell-cell communication required for multicellular development. Solving this requires us to quantitatively understand how developmentally relevant signaling information is actively sensed, transformed and spatially distributed by signaling pathways. Recently, single cell analysis and cell-based reconstitution, among other approaches, have begun to reveal the ‘communication codes’ through which information is represented in the identities, concentrations, combinations and dynamics of extracellular ligands. They have also revealed how signaling pathways decipher these features and control the spatial distribution of signaling in multicellular contexts. Here, we review recent work reporting the discovery and analysis of communication codes and discuss their implications for diverse developmental processes.
Exploring single cells in space and time during tissue development, homeostasis and regeneration
Authors: Mayr Urs , Serra Denise , Liberali Prisca 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Complex 3D tissues arise during development following tightly organized events in space and time. In particular, gene regulatory networks and local interactions between single cells lead to emergent properties at the tissue and organism levels. To understand the design principles of tissue organization, we need to characterize individual cells at given times, but we also need to consider the collective behavior of multiple cells across different spatial and temporal scales. In recent years, powerful single cell methods have been developed to characterize cells in tissues and to address the challenging questions of how different tissues are formed throughout development, maintained in homeostasis, and repaired after injury and disease. These approaches have led to a massive increase in data pertaining to both mRNA and protein abundances in single cells. As we review here, these new technologies, in combination with in toto live imaging, now allow us to bridge spatial and temporal information quantitatively at the single cell level and generate a mechanistic understanding of tissue development.