bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐viral nucleic acid delivery to the central nervous system and brain tumors
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Huang Rongqin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGene therapy is a rapidly emerging remedial route for many serious incurable diseases, such as central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Currently, nucleic acid medicines, including DNAs encoding therapeutic or destructive proteins, small interfering RNAs or microRNAs, have been successfully delivered to the CNS with gene delivery vectors using various routes of administration and have subsequently exhibited remarkable therapeutic efficiency. Among these vectors, non‐viral vectors are favorable for delivering genes into the CNS as a result of their many special characteristics, such as low toxicity and pre‐existing immunogenicity, high gene loading efficiency and easy surface modification. In this review, we highlight the main types of therapeutic genes that have been applied in the therapy of CNS diseases and then outline non‐viral gene delivery vectors.
Prognostic value of adjacent organ resection in patients with left‐sided pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma following distal pancreatectomy
Authors: Song Ki Byung , Kwon Jaewoo , Kim Yong Woon , Hwang Dae Wook , Lee Jae Hoon , Hong Sarang , Lee Jong Woo , Hwang Kyungyeon , Yoo Daegwang , Kim Song Cheol 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated whether distal pancreatectomy (DP) with adjacent organ resection (AOR) affected perioperative outcomes and survival in patients with left‐sided pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).MethodsRetrospective cohort study was conducted at single large volume academic medical center from January 2000 to December 2016.ResultsFive hundred and twenty‐three patients had undergone standard DP (without additional vessel/organ resection) and 40 had undergone DP with AOR due to adjacent organ infiltration. There were no differences of postoperative morbidity and hospital stay between the two groups. In the patients with AJCC 8th stage I and II PDAC, there were significant differences of median disease‐specific and progression‐free survivals between the standard and AOR groups (37.9 vs. 20.2 months; P = 0.05, 20 vs. 10 months; P = 0.028, respectively). DP with AOR was identified as independent prognostic factor of stage I and II PDAC by multivariate Cox regression analysis.ConclusionsDistal pancreatectomy with AOR could be an acceptable surgical treatment for left‐sided PDAC. However, AOR group shows poor prognosis than that of the standard group in patients with AJCC 8th stage I and II PDAC. AOR should be considered indicative of a more aggressive tumor in AJCC 8th stage I and II PDAC.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking Studies of Some N‐thiazolyl Hydrazones and Indenopyrazolones
Authors: Mor Satbir , Sindhu Suchita , Nagoria Savita , Khatri Mohini , Garg Prabha , Sandhu Hardeep , Kumar Anil 
Published: April 2019

Two new series of N‐thiazolyl hydrazones (3a–h) and indenopyrazolones (4a–h) were synthesized by the reaction of various 2‐acyl‐(1H)‐indene‐1,3(2H)‐diones, thiosemicarbazide, and phenacyl bromide/substituted phenacyl bromides. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of these synthesized compounds was assayed against four bacteria, namely, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two fungi, namely, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, by employing serial dilution method. Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole were used as antibacterial and antifungal reference drugs, respectively. Results of antimicrobial assay showed that the tested compounds have broad range of activity. The compounds 3h and 4a against C. albicans displayed more potency than fluconazole whereas 3b and 3c against B. subtilis showed activity comparable with ciprofloxacin. The synthesized indenopyrazolones (4a–h) were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay using ascorbic acid as reference. Compound 4b exhibited the highest 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging with IC50 value 33.14 μg/mL. The observed results of antimicrobial activity were supported by molecular docking study performed to understand the binding interaction of hydrazones (3a–h) and indenopyrazolones (4a–h) with lanosterol 14α‐demethylase.
Clinical feasibility study of 3D intracranial magnetic resonance angiography using compressed sensing
Authors: Lin Zhiyong , Zhang Xiaodong , Guo Li , Wang Ke , Jiang Yuan , Hu Xiaoyu , Huang Yong , Wei Juan , Ma Shuai , Liu Yi , Zhu Lina , Zhuo Zhizheng , Liu Jing , Wang Xiaoying 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundCompressed sensing (CS) has been widely used to improve the speed of MRI, but the feasibility of application in 3D intracranial MR angiography (MRA) needs to be evaluated in clinical practice.PurposeTo evaluate the clinical feasibility of CS‐MRA in comparison with conventional 3D‐MRA (Con‐MRA).Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsForty‐nine consecutive patients with suspected intracranial arterial disease.Field Strength/Sequence3T MRI. 3D time‐of‐flight (TOF) MRA using a CS algorithm and conventional 3D TOF MRA scan.AssessmentThree radiologists (4, 11, and 12 years of experience in neuroradiology) independently assessed the image quality, vascular lesions, and variations of intracranial arteries of both CS‐MRA and Con‐MRA, respectively.Statistical TestsThe Kendall W test was performed to assess the interobserver agreement of image quality and intracranial arterial stenosis. A nonparametric test (Wilcoxon test) was used for comparison of the image quality and definition of the external carotid artery (ECA). Weighted kappa analysis was performed for the interstudy agreement of intracranial arterial stenosis. The aneurysm, decreased branches, congenital hypoplasia, absence, and variant branching of intracranial arteries were observed and evaluated for interobserver agreement and interstudy agreement by kappa analysis. Paired‐t‐tests for signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were conducted.ResultsImage quality is better for CS‐MRA compared with Con‐MRA with significance (Z = –3.710 to –2.673, with P < 0.01). The interstudy agreement of lesion and variation of intracranial arteries assessment for each observer was excellent. The SNR and CNR were significantly higher in CS‐MRA compared with Con‐MRA (P < 0.001). The definition of ECA of CS‐MRA was significantly better (Z = –4.9, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionCS‐MRA showed significantly higher image quality with less blur, comparable image diagnostic performance of intracranial arteries, and better display of ECA than Con‐MRA.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1843–1851.
Characterization of cadmium‐resistant rhizobacteria and their promotion effects on Brassica napus growth and cadmium uptake
Authors: Li Xingjie , Yan Zhenning , Gu Daguo , Li Dongbo , Tao Yu , Zhang Daofeng , Su Liantai , Ao Yansong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractExcessive cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soil can adversely affect plants, animals, microbes, and humans; therefore, novel and uncharacterized Cd‐resistant plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are required to address this issue. In the paper, 13 bacteria were screened, their partial 16S rRNA sequences determined, and the isolates, respectively, clustered into Curtobacterium (7), Chryseobacterium (4), Cupriavidus (1), and Sphingomonas (1). Evaluation of PGP traits, including indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) production, 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity, siderophore secretion, and cyanhydric acid production, identified Cupriavidus necator GX_5, Sphingomonas sp. GX_15, and Curtobacterium sp. GX_31 as promising candidates for PGPR based on high IAA or ACC deaminase production. Additionally, root‐elongation assays indicated that inoculating GX_5, _15, or _31 increased Brassica napus root length both in the presence and absence of Cd by 19.75–29.96% and 19.15–31.69%, respectively. Pot experiments indicated that inoculating B. napus with GX_5, _15, and _31 significantly increased the dry weight of above‐ground tissues and root biomass by 40.97–85.55% and 18.99–103.13%, respectively. Moreover, these isolates significantly increased Cd uptake in the aerial parts and root tissue of B. napus by 7.38–11.98% and 48.09–79.73%, respectively. These results identified GX_5, _15, or _31 as excellent promoters of metal remediation by using microorganism‐associated phytoremediation.
Utilization of carbon sources in the rice rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils with different long‐term fertilization management
Authors: Tang Haiming , Xiao Xiaoping , Xu Yilan , Li Chao , Cheng Kaikai , Pan Xiaochen , Li Weiyan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCarbon (C) plays an important role in the interaction between plant and rhizosphere microbial communities, but there is still limited information about how C source utilization soil microbial structure responds to soil fertility changes under the double‐cropping rice (Oryza sativa L.) system in Southern China paddy fields. Therefore, the effects of long‐term (33 years) fertilizer regimes on the characteristics of C utilization in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils under double‐cropping rice fields in Southern China were investigated by using the metagenome sequencing technology. The experiment began in 1986, and included five fertilizer treatments: without fertilizer input (CK), chemical fertilizer alone (MF), rice straw residue and chemical fertilizer (RF), 30% organic matter, and 70% chemical fertilizer (LOM), and 60% organic matter and 40% chemical fertilizer (HOM). The results showed that the relative abundance of Gemmatimonadetes and Planctomycetia in both the rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils was increased by application of rice straw residue and organic manure, whereas the relative abundance of Gammaproteobacteria and Nitrospira was promoted by application of inorganic fertilizers. The largest group of clusters of orthologous groups of proteins categories was “amino acid transport and metabolism” with 16.46% unigenes, followed by “general function prediction only” (12.23%). Regarding the gene ontology categories, biological process were the largest category (174 949, 46.40%), followed by cellular component (126 766, 33.62%), and molecular function (110 353, 29.26%). The principal coordinate analysis indicated that different parts of the root zone were the most important factors affecting the variation of C source utilization bacteria community, and the different fertilizer treatments were the second important factor affecting the variation of C source utilization bacteria community. As a result, the application of fertilization practices had significant effects on the abundance and community composition of C source utilization microbes in paddy soils. The results showed that the combined application of rice straw residue or organic manure with chemical fertilizer practices significantly increases the C source utilization of soil microorganisms in double‐cropping rice fields.
Verifying the biocontrol activity of novel film‐forming formulations of Candida sake CPA‐1: resilience in relation to environmental factors, rainfall episodes, and control of Botrytis cinerea on different hosts
Authors: Carbó Anna , Teixidó Neus , Usall Josep , Torres Rosario 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe efficacy of Candida sake CPA‐1 as a biocontrol agent against several diseases has been studied since it was isolated 20 years ago. However, it was only recently that two suitable and effective film‐forming formulations based on potato starch and maltodextrins were developed using the fluidized‐bed spray‐drying system. The present work aimed to confirm the capability of both novel formulations by testing their resilience on grapes at different temperatures (0, 22, and 30 °C), relative humidities (40% and 85%), and simulated rainfall levels. Another objective was to examine the control of Botrytis cinerea in different hosts.RESULTSThe CPA‐1 cells from both dried formulations survived better than the liquid formulation on grapes stored at 0 and 22 °C regardless of the relative humidity. After simulated rainfall, potato starch formulation achieved significantly higher populations than maltodextrin formulation, although the highest reduction was −1.6 log N N0−1. A positive effect of cell establishment prior to the simulated rainfall was shown, and recovered cells from the potato starch formulation were significantly higher after 72 h of cell establishment. Finally, both formulations reduced the incidence and severity of B. cinerea on pears, apples, and tomatoes.CONCLUSIONThe potential of these novel film‐forming formulations of C. sake CPA‐1 was verified. The resilience of formulated C. sake was better than the commercialized liquid formulation, the adherence of the formulations to the grapes improved after an establishment period prior to rain exposure, and the control of B. cinerea was verified in a wider range of hosts. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical characteristics of grapes cv. Syrah (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in the tropical semiarid region of Brazil (Pernambuco state): influence of rootstock and harvest season
Authors: de Oliveira Juliane Barreto , Egipto Ricardo , Laureano Olga , de Castro Rogério , Pereira Giuliano Elias , Ricardo‐da‐Silva Jorge Manuel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDObtaining two or more successive annual vintages from the same vineyard is characteristic of regions with a tropical climate, such as the Submédio of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of grapes in four production cycles (i.e. two calendar years) when considering the interaction between cv. Syrah and two rootstocks. For a broad characterization, two methodologies for the extraction of phenolic compounds were used, as well as different methods of analysis.RESULTSThe results obtained showed that there was an influence of rootstock and harvest season. Grapes from vines grafted onto IAC 313 contained higher concentrations of total condensed tannins (skins) and flavanols than grapes from vines grafted onto 1103P. However, the grape samples from the vines grafted onto 1103P contained higher levels of monomeric anthocyanins than the grape samples from the vines grafted onto IAC 313. The first harvest season was characterized by higher concentrations of most phenolic compounds than the second harvest season.CONCLUSIONIn the present study, it was possible to confirm that, in the semiarid region of Brazil, the interaction between the cultivar Syrah and the different rootstocks, as well as the climatic conditions in each harvest season, influenced the composition of the grapes, mainly in relation to phenolic compounds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of low‐temperature storage on the content of folate, vitamin B6, ascorbic acid, chlorogenic acid, tyrosine, and phenylalanine in potatoes
Authors: Goyer Aymeric , Picard Maël , Hellmann Hanjo A , Mooney Sutton L 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDChanges in the metabolite composition of potato tubers during low‐temperature storage can affect their nutritional value, susceptibility to bruising, and processing qualities. Here, we measured changes in the amounts of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin C, and the blackspot pigment precursors chlorogenic acid and tyrosine, as well as phenylalanine, in five potato varieties stored at 7.8 °C for 8 months in 2015 and 2016.RESULTSFolate content increased in all varieties in both years during low‐temperature storage, with statistically significant changes occurring in six out of eight conditions. Increase rates ranged from 11% to 141%. Vitamin B6 content increased in all varieties during the storage period, but changes were statistically significant in only two out of eight conditions. Increase rates ranged from 5% to 24%. Ascorbic acid content decreased in all varieties in both years during the storage period. Decrease rates ranged from 16% to 78%, and were statistically significant in seven out of eight conditions. For chlorogenic acid, no consistent trend was observed. Changes varied between −14% and +14%, but none was statistically significant. Tyrosine content increased in all varieties in both years, except in Sage Russet in 2015. Increase rates ranged from 19% to 238% and were statistically significant in three out of seven conditions. Changes in phenylalanine content were very similar to those observed for tyrosine, with increases up to 272% in Teton Russet.CONCLUSIONSThese results show that storage at low temperature substantially affects tuber nutritional quality and biochemical bruising potential. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Highly sensitive and selective method for the rapid determination and preconcentration of haloperidol by using a magnetite‐molecularly imprinted polymer
Authors: İlktaç Raif , Gumus Zinar Pinar , Aksuner Nur , Coskunol Hakan 
Published: April 2019

A sensitive and selective method based on the determination of haloperidol with the usage of magnetite‐molecularly imprinted polymer and high‐resolution liquid chromatography has been developed. This novel method is rapid as the detection procedure for haloperidol can be completed within a total time of 1 h. The same imprinted polymer can be used for the determination of haloperidol at least 20 times. The proposed method has been succesfully applied to synthetic urine and serum samples and the recoveries of the spiked samples were in the range of 94.7–100.7%. The limit of detection and limit of quantification of the method were 2.25 and 7.50 μg/L, respectively. Linearity of the calibration graph was observed within the range of 10–250 μg/L. By combining the high capacity, high selectivity, and reusability of the magnetic adsorbent with the dynamic calibration range, high sensitivity and high resolution of liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, the proposed method is an ideal method for the determination and preconcentration of trace levels of haloperidol. A magnetite‐molecularly imprinted polymer has been used for the first time as a selective adsorbent for the determination of haloperidol.
Vegetation establishment in coastal salt‐affected wasteland using drip‐irrigation with saline water
Authors: Li Xiaobin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSaline water has been successfully used for irrigation in arid, semiarid, and coastal regions, and drip‐irrigation is widely regarded as the most promising system to deliver such water, particularly for reclaiming saline soils, because drip‐irrigation saves water and leaches salts efficiently. As coastal regions continue to be urbanized rapidly, vegetation establishment in coastal salt‐affected wastelands becomes increasingly urgent, but information on plants suitable for the purpose is scanty. The effects of drip‐irrigation with saline water (EC 0.8–7.8 dS/m) on the leaching of salts and on the performance of 15 plants suitable for landscaping were evaluated. The field experiment comprises trees, herbs, and shrubs, and irrigation was scheduled on the basis of soil matric potential threshold set at −5 kPa in 2013, −10 kPa in 2014, −15 kPa in 2015, and −20 kPa in 2016. As a result of irrigation controlled thus, soil that was severely saline initially became mildly saline or even nonsaline in its profile up to a depth of 1 m irrespective of the salinity of irrigation water. However, the survival rates of plants differed with the salinity and SMP threshold: Survival was more than 80% in four herb species and three tree species when irrigated with saline water at 7.8 dS/m for 4 years but decreased, especially in shrubs, as the SMP threshold was lowered. The thresholds of ECiw (electrical conductivity of irrigation water) and SMP were set based on the response of plants to salinity, and some plants are recommended for the ecological environment establishment. A combination of controlled irrigation with saline water and the right mix of plant species are helpful in reclamation of saline coastal areas.
Drivers of temperate woodland condition through time in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Sato Chloe F. , Florance Daniel , Lindenmayer David B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractConversion of natural woodlands to grazing pastures is a major driver of biodiversity loss. In response to this threat, regenerative management approaches have been proposed to balance agriculture with biodiversity conservation. Yet rigorous experiments investigating the effectiveness of such approaches are rare. We used time‐series data from a broad‐scale experiment in south‐eastern Australian woodlands to explore the effects of agricultural practices and environmental factors on regeneration, bare ground, and native and exotic cover and richness. Our study included historical fertilization, three past grazing regimes (continuous, short‐conversion rotational, and long‐conversion rotational), two present‐day grazing measures (grazing duration and stocking rate), and three environmental covariates (natural soil fertility, native woody cover, and rainfall). We found that fertilizer application was associated with altered trajectories of native overstorey cover, native plant richness, exotic cover, and bare ground. Changes in woodland condition also were associated with a combination of present‐day grazing and environmental drivers. Natural regeneration, native plant richness, and native herb cover were negatively associated with increased grazing intensity. Conversely, increased landscape‐scale native woody cover and local‐scale natural soil fertility were associated with increases in native overstorey cover and native plant richness and decreases in exotic cover and bare ground.Our results indicate that land‐use history, present grazing intensity, and landscape context alter woodland ecosystem responses to intervention. This may explain why some conservation actions fail to meet objectives. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of conservation actions can be improved by considering the combined influence of past and present agricultural management and landscape context on woodland condition.