bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Collaborative Problem Solving Competency Through Integrated Natural Science Teaching of the Topic “nonmetals” in Chemistry Grade 11
Authors: Lien Vu Phuong 
Published: September 2018

Study the structure of collaborative problem solving (CPS) competence through teaching of the topic “nonmetals” using integrated natural science approach, the paper proposes a topic-building process, corresponding indicators, assessment toolkit, and teaching implementation process and measures for the formation and development of students’ CPS competence.
Key words
Competence, collaborative problem solving competency, integrated natural science teaching, teaching properties of nonmetals
References
1. Greiff, S. (2012), From interactive to collaborative problem solving: current issues in the Programme for International Student Assessment. 2. Grinffin, E. C. (2015), Assessment of Collaborative Problem Solving. 3. NESTA, Solved! Making the case for collaborative problem-solving4. Kỉ yếu hội thảo dạy học tích hợp dạy học phân hóa (2014)5. Patrick Griffin, Esther Care, 2015, Assessment and teaching of 21st Century 6. Patrick Griffin, Esther Care, 2015, Developing learners’ collaborative problem solving skills. 7. PISA 2015, Draft Collaborative Problem Solving framework, OECD Programme for International Student Assessment 2015 8. PISA 2015 Released field trial cognitive items, OECD Programme for International Student Assessment 2015 9. PISA 2018, Draft framework 10. Richard M. Fealder, Rebecca Brent, Cooperative Learning 11. Rod Ellis, The Methodology of Task-based teaching 12. Weinert, F. E. (2001), Concept of Competence: a conceptual definition. In: Rychen, D.S.; Salganik, L.H., eds. Defining and Selecting Key Competencies, p46. 13. Worf, A. (1995), Competence – Based Assessment.14. Lê Thái Hưng, Vũ Phương Liên, Nguyễn Thị Phương Vy, Assessing Collaborative Problem Solving Competency Through Integrated Theme Based Teaching Chemistry, Proceedings of the International Conference on Research of Educational Administration and Management (ICREAM 2017), October 17, 2017, Bandung, Indonesia, Taylor & Francis Group, UK.15. Trần Trunh Ninh, Vũ Phương Liên, Năng lực hợp tác giải quyết vấn đề của học sinh thông qua dạy học Hóa học THPT, Tạp chí Khoa học Giáo dục, Số 2, 02/ 2018. 16. Vũ Phương Liên, Ngô Nam Sinh, Hình thành năng lực hợp tác giải quyết vấn đề thông qua dạy học hóa học theo hình thức trải nghiệm, Tạp chí Khoa học Giáo dục, Số 146, 11/2017 17. Vũ Phương Liên, Lê Thái Hưng, Ngô Ngọc Kiên, Bước đầu triển khai dạy học tích hợp liên môn các môn khoa học tự nhiên ở trường THPT, Tạp chí Giáo dục, số 380, 4/2016
PENGETAHUAN GURU MENGENAI SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN ALAMIAH OTAK DI TK MUJAHIDIN 1 PONTIANAK
Authors: Yuniarni Desni 
Published: September 2018

Anak akan optimal dalam belajar apabila pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru sesuai dengan karakteristik perkembangannya. Proses pembelajaran itu sendiri terdiri dari komponen yang berbeda-beda, yang saling terkait satu sama lain. Komponen yang dijadikan fokus dalam penelitian ini adalah proses pembelajaran, yaitu bagaimana proses penyampaian materi pembelajaran dilakukan oleh guru di PAUD. Barbara K. Given dalam bukunya Brain Based Teaching (2007) mengatakan bahwa pendidikan lebih dari sekedar meraih standar pembelajaran tertentu, pendidikan identik dengan mengembangkan keinginan untuk belajar, memahami cara belajar dan menerapkan praktek pengajaran berdasarkan bagaimana sesungguhnya otak berfungsi. Mengacu pada pendapat Barbara diatas, proses penyampaian materi pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru kepada anak didiknya di TK hendaknya disesuaikan dengan bagaimana cara kerja otak anak dalam belajar. Pendidikan memiliki tujuan mengoptimalkan penggunaan otak. Tidak saja untuk aspek rasional-kognitif, tetapi juga emosi, fisik dan spiritual. Otak yang optimal adalah otak yang semua potensinya teroptimalkan dengan baik. Untuk dapat mengoptimalkan kerja otak dengan cara yang natural, Barbara menyebutnya sistem pembelajaran alamiah otak, yaitu sistem pembelajaran emosional, sosial, kognitif, fisik dan reflektif. Kelima sistem pembelajaran alamiah otak tersebut merupakan satu kesatuan yang harus ada dalam sistem pembelajaran yang disampaikan oleh guru kepada anak didiknya. Penelitian yang berkaitan dengan bagaimana kinerja otak anak usia dini dalam proses pembelajaran penting dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan hasil pembelajaran pada anak usia ini, oleh karena itu peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui sejauhmana pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh para guru TK dengan metode deskriptif dan menggunakan angket dan lembar wawancara sebagai alat pengumpul datanya. Metode analisis yang yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif persentase. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan para guru di TK Mujahidin Pontianak memiliki pengetahuan yang sangat baik terhadap metode pembelajaran berbasis kinerja otak.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR MELALUI STRATEGI GROUP RESUME
Authors: Maryani Maryani 
Published: September 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan : (1) Ingin mengetahui kemampuan siswa didalam melaksanakan pembelajaran akhlak dengan menggunakan strategi group resume; (2) Ingin mengetahui pelaksanaan tindakan siklus I untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pembelajaran akhlak melalui strategi group resume (3) Ingin mengetahui pelaksanaan tindakan siklus II untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pembelajaran akhlak melalui strategi group resume. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SDN 04 Pontianak Timur yang berjumlah 34 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan dengan data catatan, data instrumen, data tentang situasi belajar mengajar dikelas, data penilaian siklus I dan data penilaian siklus II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siklus I perolehan pelaksanaan pembelajaran menjadi 67,91 (70%) kategori baik. Siklus II perolehan pelaksanaan pembelajaran sebesar 80,41 (83%) kategori baik sekali.
Infrastructure investment: supporting better decisions
Authors: Boshier John 
Published: September 2018

This article is about making decisions on infrastructure. It is about widening the menu of methods used to evaluate infrastructure investment proposals. The article summarises the findings and recommendations of the report Infrastructure Investment: supporting better decisions, produced by the New Zealand Centre for Advanced Engineering (CAENZ) hosted at the University of Canterbury (Boshier et al., 2010). The objective of the infrastructure study is to examine whether existing frameworks fully capture the goals of increasing the productivity of the economy and improving the social and environmental outcomes of infrastructure projects.
Applying complexity theory to New Zealand public policy: principles for practice
Authors: Eppel Elizabeth , Matheson Anna , Walton Mat 
Published: September 2018

Interest in the development of complexity theory and its application to policy and social sciences has been accelerating over the last decade. Drawing on three pieces of recent New Zealand research, this article aims to provide an introduction to complexity theory for policy practitioners and researchers, highlighting principles of complexity theory relevant to improving policy practice and the positive impact of interventions.
Usability of the international HAVNet hepatitis A virus database for geographical annotation, backtracing and outbreak detection
Authors: Kroneman Annelies , de Sousa Rita , Verhoef Linda , Koopmans Marion P G , Vennema Harry ,   on behalf of the HAVNet network
Published: September 2018

Background
HAVNet is an international laboratory network sharing sequences and corresponding metadata on hepatitis A virus in an online database. Aim: We give an overview of the epidemiological and genetic data and assess the usability of the present dataset for geographical annotation, backtracing and outbreak detection. Methods: A descriptive analysis was performed on the timeliness, completeness, epidemiological data and geographic coverage of the dataset. Length and genomic region of the sequences were reviewed as well as the numerical and geographical distribution of the genotypes. The geographical signal in the sequences was assessed based on a short common nt stretch using a 100% identity analysis. Results: The 9,211 reports were heterogeneous for completeness and timeliness, and for length and genomic region of the sequences. Some parts of the world were not represented by the sequences. Geographical differences in prevalence of HAV genotypes described previously could be confirmed with this dataset and for a third (1,075/3,124) of the included sequences, 100% identity of the short common sequence coincided with an identical country of origin. Conclusion: Analysis of a subset of short, shared sequences indicates that a geographical annotation on the level of individual countries is possible with the HAVNet data. If the current incompleteness and heterogeneity of the data can be improved on, HAVNet could become very useful as a worldwide reference set for geographical annotation and for backtracing and outbreak detection.
Sayısal Renk Parametreleri İle Bazı Fiziksel ve Kimyasal Toprak Özelliklerinin Tahmini
Authors: Budak Mesut , Günal Hikmet , Süer Mustafa , AKBAŞ Fevzi 
Published: September 2018

Tarım topraklarının fonksiyonlarının sürdürülebilirliği doğru tanımlanmaları, uygun idare edilmeleri ve toprak kalitesinde zaman içerisinde meydana gelen değişimin izlenmesi ile mümkün olabilir. Toprak özelliklerinin klasik yöntemlerle belirlenmeleri oldukça uzun zaman, maliyet ve iş gücü gerektirdiğinden, üreticiler çoğu zaman toprak analizi yaptırmaktan kaçınmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bir kolorimetre ile kolaylıkla belirlenebilen sayısal renk parametrelerinin geniş bir tarımsal araziden alınan toprakların bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri ile olan ilişkilerini belirlemek ve sayısal renk parametrelerinin toprak özelliklerinin tahmininde kullanılabilirliğini araştırmak için yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, yoğun tarımsal üretimin yapıldığı Tokat, Kazova’da 63 noktadan 0-30 cm derinliklerinden alınan örneklerin renk parametreleri (L, a ve b), kil, kum ve silt içeriği, toprak reaksiyonu (pH), elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), kireç içeriği, organik madde (OM), tarla kapasitesi (TK), solma noktası (SN), agregat stabilitesi (AS), değişebilir katyonlar (Na, K ve Ca), katyon değişim kapasitesi (KDK) ve demir (Fe) konsantrasyonu belirlenmiştir. Toprağın parlaklık (L) ve kırmızılık (a) değerleri ile kil, kireç, AS, SN, TK, KDK, Ca, Na, ve K arasında önemli düzeyde negatif (P&lt;0.01) bir korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Regresyon analizi “L” parametresinin AS, kireç içeriği, KDK, EC ve değişebilir Na’un tahmininde başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir. Benzer şekilde “a” parametresinin çalışılan alandaki toprakların AS (R2=0.65), kireç içeriği (R2=0.64), değişebilir Ca (R2=0.58) ve değişebilir K’un (R2=0.51) tahmininde tatmin edici bir şekilde kullanılabileceği görülmüştür. Elde edilen sonuçlar, sayısal renk parametrelerinin Kazova topraklarının bir kısım önemli toprak özelliklerinin tahminlerinde güvenilir bir şekilde kullanılabileceklerini ortaya koymuştur. Daha kısa zamanda, az masrafla ve daha fazla sayıda toprak örneğinin karakterize edilebilmesi tarım topraklarının üretkenliklerinin sürdürülebilmesinde daha doğru kararların alınmasını mümkün kılacaktır.
Metal-Gözenekli Silisyum Direk Hidrojen Pili Üretim Parametrelerinin Geliştirilmesi
Authors: ORUÇ Çiğdem , GÜLER Sevinç , LUŞ Hüseyin Murat 
Published: September 2018

Gözenekli
silisyum (GS) üretim yöntemi olan, elektrokimyasal aşındırma (anadizasyon)
koşullarının, Metal-Gözenekli Silisyum Direk Hidrojen Pili (Metal-GS-DHP)
elektriksel parametrelerine etkisi oldukça yüksektir. Bu çalışmada 4 temel
anodizasyon koşuluyla (zaman, akım yoğunluğu, hidroflorikasit:su oranı ve Işık), n tipi, (111) yönelimli, tek
kristal silisyum kullanılarak GS üretilmiştir. Anodizasyon zamanı 5-100 dakika,
akım yoğunluğu 5-75 mA/cm2,
HF:deiyonize H2O oranı 1:1- 1:11 ve ışık şiddeti 1000-7000 lüx
aralıklarında uygulanmıştır .En iyi anodizasyon zamanı 40 dakika ve buna
karşılık gelen Metal-GS-DHP elektriksel pil parametreleri, Voc= 590 mV Isc=30 mA’dir.
En iyi akım yoğunluğu 20 mA/cm2 ve buna karşılık gelen Metal-GS-DHP elektriksel
pil parametreleri, Voc= 700 mV, Isc=15 mA’dir. En iyi
HF:H2O oranı 1:3 ve buna karşılık gelen Metal-GS-DHP elektriksel pil
parametreleri, Voc= 420 mV, Isc=10 mA’dir. En iyi ışık şiddeti 4000 lüx ve buna karşılık gelen Metal-GS-DHP
elektriksel pil parametreleri, Voc= 540 mV Isc=18 mA’dir.
Deney sonuçlarından anlaşılacağı üzere Metal-GS-DHP elektriksel pil
parametreleri anodizasyon koşullarına direk bağlıdır.
Antalya’da bulunan turizm konaklama tesislerindeki gıdaların mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin incelenmesi
Authors: YILDIRIM İbrahim , BIÇAKÇI Samiye İlknur 
Published: September 2018

Çalışma
Antalya’da bulunan turizm konaklama tesislerinden alınan gıda numunelerinin
mikrobiyolojik kalitesinin incelenmesi ve sonuçların değerlendirilmesi amacı
ile yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla araştırma kapsamında Antalya’da bulunan 15 turizm
konaklama tesisinde, müşterilerin tüketimine sunulan 1350 gıdanın mikrobiyolojik
analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmada, numuneler Türk Gıda
Kodeksi Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği Ek-1’e göre; Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Koliform, Koagulaz pozitif stafilokoklar,
E.coli O157:H7, Bacillus cereus ve
Maya-Küf, yönünden incelenmiştir. Gıdaların ürün gruplarına göre;
2 adedinde (% 1.36 ) B. cereus,
173 adedinde (% 27.86) E. coli,
27 adedinde (% 23.28) E. coli
(EMS), 2 adedinde (% 16.64) E. coli
O157, 34 adedinde (% 17.65) koliform bakterilere, 39 adedinde
(% 23,78) Koagulaz pozitif stafilokok, 44 adedinde (% 36.36) küf, 33
adedinde (% 27.27) maya, 1 adedinde (% 11.11) Salmonella spp. saptanmıştır. Numunelerde Listeria monocytogenes’ e hiç rastlanmamıştır. Araştırmada, 1350 gıda numunesinin 237’si Türk Gıda Kodeksi
Mikrobiyolojik Kriterler Yönetmeliği Ek-1’de belirtilen limit değerlerin
üstünde; 71 adedi ise limit değerler arasında saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak,
analize alınan numunelerde limitlerin arasında ve üzerinde olan örnekler
tüketim açısından risk teşkil etmektedir. Bu yüzden turizm konaklama
tesislerinde gıdaların daha güvenilir ve hijyenik olabilmesi için gerekli
düzeltici ve önleyici faaliyetlerin yapılması gerekmektedir.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Pemesanan Tiket Bus Berbasis Mobile Dengan Metode PIECES
Authors: Husna Shabrina Salwa , Fadli Mardhiah , Hajar Dewi 
Published: September 2018

PO Handoyo Dumai merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang transportasi. Sistem pemesanan tiket bus PO Handoyo masih berupa manual yaitu calon penumpang datang langsung ke loket pembelian tiket, calon penumpang harus menunggu untuk mengantri selain itu petugas sulit dalam melayani setiap calon penumpang dalam memesan tiket yang masih menggunakan pencatatan manual. Maka dibutuhkan sistem yang dapat menangani masalah ini, yang berfungsi sebagai jembatan untuk mempermudah dan mempercepat proses pemesanan tiket pada PO Handoyo Dumai tanpa mengharuskan calon penumpang meluangkan waktu khusus untuk datang ke loket pembelian tiket yaitu berupa perangkat mobile dengan sistem operasi Android. Sistem yang sudah dirancang menerapkan analisa metode PIECES dengan 6 variabel yaitu Analisis kinerja(Performance) 86% menyelesaikan kinerja dengan cepat, analisis informasi(information) 84% memberikan informasi yang berguna, analisis ekonomi(economy) 93% memberikan kehematan, analisis control(Pengendalian) 88% data aman tidak terjadi kesalahan, analisis efisiensi(efficiency) 85% dapat digunakan dengan baik, dan analisis pelayanan(service) 86% kualitas sistem sangat baik dalam pelayanan, uji User Acceptance Test 100% berjalan dengan baik sesuai kinerja, informasi, ekonomis, pengendalian, efficiency, juga pelayanan, dan Black Box Testing telah disetujui berdasarkan 17 butir uji oleh client dan dapat berjalan seusai dengan hasil yang diharapkan.
Kirja-arvostelut
Authors: Karkulehto Sanna , Kakko Tomi 
Published: September 2018

Sanna Karkulehto:
Näkyvää sukupuolta tutkiva lukemisto. Viola Parente-Čapková, Heidi Grönstrand, Ritva Hapuli ja Kati Launis (toim.): Nainen kulttuurissa, kulttuuri naisessa

Tomi Kakko:
Kauhulla optimismin tyranniaa vastaan Tapani Kilpeläinen: Silmät ilman kasvoja. Kauhu filosofiana
Kirja-arvostelut
Authors: Kainulainen Siru , Keskinen Mikko , Pynttäri Veli-Matti 
Published: September 2018

Siru Kainulainen
Kiehtova runoilija hyvissä käsissä.
Leena Kirstinä: Kirsi Kunnas – sateessa ja tuulessa

Mikko Keskinen
Kertomuksen mielet, virtuaaliset maailmat.
Mari Hatavara, Matti Hyvärinen, Maria Mäkelä & Frans Mäyrä (eds.): Narrative
Theory, Literature, and New Media: Narrative Minds and Virtual Worlds

Veli-Matti Pynttäri
Elämää ja kaupankäyntiä lentokentällä.
Antti Hurskainen: Välinpitämättömyys
Subjektien tilallinen paikantuminen Zadie Smithin romaanissa White Teeth
Authors: Rahikkala Salla 
Published: September 2018

Spatial Positioning of Subjects in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth
The aim of this article is to scrutinize how space a ects and shapes construction of gender and ethnicity in Zadie Smith’s (b.1975) novel White Teeth (2000). Smith’s debut novel has been highly acclaimed not only for its portrayal of contemporary British multicultural society but also for its deep and multileveled narration. Today the novel is an important part of Black British Literature and it has gained a lot of academic attention – especially from postcolonial critics – since its publication.
This article is built around three di erent kinds of ”you know” expressions found in the novel. All these expressions concern knowledge of intersectional categories of gender and ethnicity. e intersectional identity categories are always constructed in a space, thus positioning subjects and constructing an identity is always a spatial phenomenon. Space is not an empty container or a simple background but a socially produced entity.
Thematic meanings of ”you know” expressions vary. First reveals racialized and gendered subject positions into which subjects are discursively positioned. However, it also denotes a break in such kind of thinking.
Second expression of knowledge is linked to nationality and Englishness. e relation of ethnicity and nationality are analysed by using Michel Foucault’s concepts of utopia and heterotopia. e idea of homogenous and unitary nation is questioned by a metaphor of a mirror but also by revealing the image of an ”English Rose” to be nothing but an often enough repeated illusion, a cultural image without a real reference point.
Third and last knowledge phrase analysed in the article is presented in a form of a question. Question form allows de nitions considering subjectivity and identity to be left open. Even though occupying empty space i.e. to be wholly disconnected from various kind of discursive positionings is not possible, White Teeth nevertheless illustra­ tes that subject positions are always only partial. e question mark suggests that there truly are spaces for questioning xed, normative constructions of gender and ethnicity.
Vuoret ja kaupunki vastakohtaisina tiloina Alisa Ganijevan teoksissa
Authors: Lappela Anni 
Published: September 2018

Mountains and City as Contrary Spaces in the Prose of Alisa Ganieva
I analyze Alisa Ganieva’s novel Prazdnichnaia gora (2012) and her novella Salam tebe, Dalgat! (2010) from a geocritical (Westphal, Tally) point of view. Ganieva was born in 1985 in Moscow, but she grew up in Dagestan, in North Caucasia. Since 2002, she has lived in Moscow. All Ganieva’s novels are set in present-day Dagestan, not only in the capital Makhachkala but also in the countryside.
I study the ways the two main spaces and main milieus, the mountains and the city, oppose each other in Prazdnichnaia gora. I also analyze how this opposition constructs the utopian and dystopian discourses of the novel. In this high/low opposition, the mountains appear as the utopian place of a better future, and the city in the lowlands is depicted as a dystopian place of the present-day life. The texts’ multilayered time is also part of my analysis, which follows Westphal’s idea of the stratigraphy of time. Furthermore, the mountains are associated with the traditional way of life and the Soviet past. In this way, the mountains have two kinds of roles in the texts. Nevertheless, the city is a central element of the postcolonial dystopian discourse of Prazdnichnaia gora. In my opinion, Ganieva’s texts problematize referentiality, one of the key concepts of geocriticism. Whilst the city tends to be very referential, the mountains escape the referential relationship to the “real” geographical space.
Suloisen etelän suojatit pohjoisen kuolemanmaisemassa
Authors: Musäus Thekla 
Published: September 2018

The Children of the Sweet South in the Northern Land of Death. On the Opposition of North and South in Russian Literature from Romanticism up to Socialist Realism
The starting point of the article is the semiotic theory of culturally coherent “semio-spheres”. The analysis focusses on the changing pictures of the northern parts of the Russian cultural area – Siberia, Karelia, and, in the 19th century, also Finland – in the works of Russian writers from Romanticism into the middle of the 20th century. The traditional juxtaposition of ‘north’ and ‘south’ as cultural, climatic and emotional opposites in Romanticism was inspired in part by admiration for Scandinavian sagas and landscapes. The European idealisation of the South was still valid in the poems of the Russian Romanticism. Embedded into the pictures of a wild and untouched northern nature was the ideal of a simple, rural society and the romantic imagery of the lonesome hero. In the Russian literature of the second half of the 19th century ‘north’ became an emotional centre in opposition to a spoiled, western cultural centre. Nevertheless, the Russian and Ukrainian South continued to be a place of longing for the imprisoned or exiled heroes in the hostile North. In Soviet literature, the communist project to improve the social situation of the toiling masses around the world led to a missionary’s attitude toward the outskirts of the Soviet Union. Russian heroes did not only bring civilisation to the uneducated Northern aborigines but by cultivating the harsh land they also added more civilized Southern nature to the Northern landscape.
Kirja-arvostelut
Authors: Stepanov Andrei , Bourgeot Liisa 
Published: September 2018

Andrei Stepanov Tšehovin moderni Tintti Klapuri: Chronotopes of Modernity in Chekhov
Liisa Bourgeot Ääni ja hiljaisuus Mandelštamin runoissa Jussi Hyvärinen: “Sana, palaa musiikkiin”. Musiikki Osip Mandelštamin maailmankuvassa 1908–1925
Kolmas merkitys toiseen
Authors: Kilpiö Jukka-Pekka 
Published: September 2018

The Third Meaning Squared. Kinekphrasis in Contemporary Finnish Poetry
In this article I develop the concept of kinekphrasis to designate a particular form of intermediality, speci cally, the verbal representation of cinema or other form of moving image. Kinekphrasis builds upon ekphrasis, the classical rhetorical term that today generally refers to texts about static artworks, such as paintings and statues. Representing the medial complex of cinema, however, sets a distinct sensorial and semiotic challenge to a text and brings about a form of intermediality di erent from the traditional ekphrasis. I exemplify kinekphrasis with a reading of contemporary Finnish poetry, namely, individual poems by Pauliina Haasjoki and V. S. Luoma-aho, and one book-length work, Karri Kokko’s Töllötin (“The Tube”, 2010), the most extensive kinekphrasis in Finnish literature. In addition, I analyze Marko Niemi’s digital, animated version of Töllötin, which uses Kokko’s text and so adds yet another layer to the medial process. In representing lms and television, the texts foreground what Roland Barthes termed “the third meaning” (le troisième sens): all those excessive elements, details, and digressions that cannot be reduced to any narrative or symbolic functions.