bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pool‐weighted perspective on the two‐water‐worlds hypothesis
Authors: Dubbert Maren , Caldeira Maria C. , Dubbert David , Werner Christiane 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe ‘two‐water‐worlds’ hypothesis is based on stable isotope differences in stream, soil and xylem waters in dual isotope space. It postulates no connectivity between bound and mobile soil waters, and preferential plant water uptake of bound soil water sources. We tested the pool‐weighted impact of isotopically distinct water pools for hydrological cycling, the influence of species‐specific water use and the degree of ecohydrological separation.We combined stable isotope analysis (δ18O and δ2H) of ecosystem water pools of precipitation, groundwater, soil and xylem water of two distinct species (Quercus suber,Cistus ladanifer) with observations of soil water contents and sap flow.Shallow soil water was evaporatively enriched during dry‐down periods, but enrichment faded strongly with depth and upon precipitation events. Despite clearly distinct water sources and water‐use strategies, both species displayed a highly opportunistic pattern of root water uptake.Here we offer an alternative explanation, showing that the isotopic differences between soil and plant water vs groundwater can be fully explained by spatio‐temporal dynamics. Pool weighting the contribution of evaporatively enriched soil water reveals only minor annual impacts of these sources to ecosystem water cycling (c. 11% of bulk soil water andc. 14% of transpired water).
A 4‐year follow‐up case of extrusive luxation in a patient with cerebral palsy
Authors: Véliz Ramírez Andrea , Krämer Strenger Susanne , Solar López Melissa , Muñoz Cortes Pamela , Corral Núñez Camila 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is a condition caused by brain damage before, during, or shortly after birth. Communication can be a challenge when treating patients with CP. Some patients can communicate verbally, while others use augmentative alternative communication tools or have individualized means of communication. Therefore, professional dental treatment in individuals with CP is challenging, especially if the patient is affected by dental trauma and requires emergency treatment. This report shows how individualized communication skills assessment allowed us to successfully manage a 9‐year‐old patient with CP, who suffered extrusive luxation of the permanent lower incisor. In the present case, the teeth were repositioned briefly after the trauma had occurred and then stabilized with a flexible splint according to international guidelines. The teeth remained vital and periodontal repair was observed during the 4‐year follow‐up.
Perception of nursing profession – focus group interview among applicants to nursing education
Authors: Glerean Niina , Hupli Maija , Talman Kirsi , Haavisto Elina 
Published: January 2019

Aims and objectivesTo explore nursing applicants’ perceptions of the nursing profession and to identify the factors influencing their perceptions.BackgroundPerceptions guide the career choice in nursing and the retainment in the profession. Perceptions of nursing profession are said to be outdated and unrealistic among public. Therefore, more information is needed about the perceptions of nursing applicants.DesignExploratory qualitative design using focus group interviews.MethodsThree focus group interviews (n = 18) were conducted among applicants to undergraduate Bachelor of Science (BSc) nursing programmes. The focus group interviews were recorded transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. In this study, the ethical principles set by Finnish law and the National Advisory Board on Research Ethics were followed.FindingsApplicants perceived nursing through characteristics of a nurse, content of nursing work, nature of nursing work and career possibilities in nursing. According to applicants, nursing requires suitable attitude and character with knowledge, theoretical competence and good general education. Nurses were seen to work in multi‐professional teams and tasks of a nurse were described through caring role of a nurse. The decision‐making in nursing was regarded limited. Nursing was considered as secure job with versatile career options although the career options or the further educational possibilities were not fully recognised among applicants. Personal factors, family and friends, media and career counselling at school influenced applicants’ perceptions.ConclusionsApplicants’ perceptions of the nursing profession are one‐sided and partly unrealistic. Future research should concentrate on planning interventions aiming to change the public image of the nursing profession.
Anatomical site variation of water content in human skin measured by the Epsilon: A pilot study
Authors: Logger Jade G. M. , Münchhoff Christina U. , Olydam Jill I. , Peppelman Malou , Van Erp Piet E. J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot study aimed to investigate the anatomical site variation of water content of the stratum corneum (SC) on the body by measuring skin capacitance with the Epsilon, a new generation corneometer with multiple sensors. Secondly, values of the Epsilon were compared to values measured by conventional single sensor corneometers.MethodsThe hydration status of SC was measured in 15 healthy Caucasian volunteers with the Epsilon at five body sites (cheek, lower forearm, mid‐calf, lower back and abdomen). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was measured with the Aquaflux to get more insight into the condition of the skin barrier. A literature search was performed to compare Epsilon values with conventional corneometers.ResultsThe tested anatomical locations showed significant differences in water content (P < 0.001) with large interindividual variations; highest values were found in the cheek (11.64ε) and lowest values in the mid‐calf (4.43ε). No correlation between water content and TEWL was found. In general, Epsilon values were lower compared to values of conventional corneometers, with a similar trend.ConclusionThis pilot study showed significant variations in water content at different skin locations measured by the Epsilon. Moreover, the Epsilon measured consistent lower values compared to single sensor corneometers. Further validation of the device is recommended.
Divergent host use among cryptic species in the fungivorous ciid beetleOctotemnus laminifrons(Motschulsky, 1860), with descriptions of three new species from Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Takuya , Sota Teiji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractInsect–host fungus associations are important ecological features that affect population dynamics and interspecific interactions. However, details of host fungus relationships in fungivorous beetles remain unclear due to incompletely revised taxonomy and insufficient host records. We conducted a taxonomic study of the ciid beetleOctotemnus laminifrons(Coleoptera: Ciidae) and its cryptic species in Japan and investigated fungal host‐use by these ciid beetles. Maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrialcytochrome c oxidase subunit Ifragments and two nuclear markers recovered four well‐supported, reciprocally monophyletic groups among specimens previously identified asO. laminifrons. Quantitative analyses of genital structures revealed diagnostic differences among these four lineages. These molecular and morphological analyses indicate that the ciid beetles currently identified asO. laminifronsactually comprise four species:O. laminifrons(Motschulsky, 1860),O. assimilisKobayashi & Sotasp.n.,O. crassusKobayashi & Sotasp.n.andO. kawanabeiKobayashi & Sotasp.n.Here we provide a redescription and lectotype designation forO. laminifronsand descriptions of the three new species. These species showed different patterns of fungal host‐use among fourTrametesand oneLenzitesspecies. We also studied the phylogenetic relationships among these four species based on restriction‐site associated DNA (RAD) sequence data, which provided a more reliable phylogenetic tree. We discuss shifts in their fungal host use. Our results demonstrate that closely related, congeneric fungivorous insects exhibit different utility patterns for closely related fungal species, a phenomenon that has rarely been reported previously.
An integrative approach elucidates the systematics of Sea Hayward and Cybdelis Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Biblidinae)
Authors: Dias Fernando M. S. , Siewert Ricardo R. , Freitas André V. L. , Lamas Gerardo , Magaldi Luiza M. , Mielke Olaf H. H. , Casagrande Mirna M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe systematics of the enigmatic and rather uncommon species of Sea Hayward and Cybdelis Boisduval is assessed through morphological and molecular analyses. The aim of this paper is three‐fold: (i) to ascertain the phylogenetic position of Sea and Cybdelis in Biblidinae; (ii) to determine the evolutionary relationships among species of Sea and Cybdelis; and (iii) to review the taxonomy of Sea and Cybdelis. The result of the molecular analysis recovers Sea sister to Cybdelis, and this clade sister to Eubagina (sensu Lamas, ), rendering Epicaliina (sensu Lamas, ) paraphyletic. A new tribe, Cybdelini trib.n. is erected to include Sea and Cybdelis; the other genera formerly included in Epicaliina (sensu Lamas, ), Eunica Hübner and Sevenia Koçak are assigned to Eunicini trib.rest., and the remaining genera of Biblidinae to other previously recognized tribes, similar to those implicitly proposed by Wahlberg et al. (). The morphological analysis recovers similar results and the following relationships among species of Cybdelis: C. phaesyla (Hübner) (C. boliviana Salvin (C. mnasylus Doubleday (C. petronita Burmeister stat.rest. + C. thrasylla C. Felder & R. Felder stat.rest.))). Sea and Cybdelis are recognized as distinct genera; a new subspecies, S. sophronia jenkinsi Dias, Siewert & Freitas ssp.n., distributed from Venezuela to Bolivia along the Andes eastern foothills, is described; and C. petronita and C. thrasylla are accepted as valid species. Lectotypes for C. boliviana, C. peruviana Staudinger, C. mnasylus, C. thrasylla, C. petronita and C. mnasylus var. meridionalis Hall and a neotype for Vanessa sophronia Godart are designated. Additionally, dichotomous keys and distribution maps to all taxa are provided; male genitalia and hypandria are illustrated for all species; generic characters of the head, labial palpi and legs are illustrated; immature stages of some species also are figured.The published work has been registered on ZooBank:
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D8EBB649‐5E9D‐4218‐B1F1‐7A69DA775FD0.
Phloem loading in cucumber: combined symplastic and apoplastic strategies
Authors: Ma Si , Sun Lulu , Sui Xiaolei , Li Yaxin , Chang Ying , Fan Jingwei , Zhang Zhenxian 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPhloem loading, as the first step of transporting photoassimilates from mesophyll cells to sieve element‐companion cell complex, creates a driving force for long‐distance nutrient transport. Three loading strategies have been proposed: passive symplastic loading, apoplastic loading and symplastic transfer followed by polymer‐trapping of stachyose and raffinose. Although individual species are generally referred to as using a single phloem loading mechanism, it has been suggested that some plants may use more than one, i.e. ‘mixed loading’. Here, by using a combination of electron microscopy, reverse genetics and 14C labeling, loading strategies were studied in cucumber, a polymer‐trapping loading species. The results indicate that intermediary cells (ICs), which mediate polymer‐trapping, and ordinary companion cells, which mediate apoplastic loading, were mainly found in the fifth and third order veins, respectively. Accordingly, a cucumber galactinol synthase gene (CsGolS1) and a sucrose transporter gene (CsSUT2) were expressed mainly in the fifth/third and the third order veins, respectively. Immunolocalization analysis indicated that CsGolS1 was localized in companion cells (CCs) while CsSUT2 was in CCs and sieve elements (SEs). Suppressing CsGolS1 significantly decreased the stachyose level and increased sucrose content, while suppressing CsSUT2 decreased the sucrose level and increased the stachyose content in leaves. After 14CO2 labeling, [14C]sucrose export increased and [14C]stachyose export reduced from petioles in CsGolS1i plants, but [14C]sucrose export decreased and [14C]stachyose export increased into petioles in CsSUT2i plants. Similar results were also observed after pre‐treating the CsGolS1i leaves with PCMBS (transporter inhibitor). These results demonstrate that cucumber phloem loading depends on both polymer‐trapping and apoplastic loading strategies.
Arabidopsis PCaP2 modulates the phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate signal on the plasma membrane and attenuates root hair elongation
Authors: Kato Mariko , Tsuge Tomohiko , Maeshima Masayoshi , Aoyama Takashi 
Published: January 2019

SummaryPhosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] serves as a subcellular signal on the plasma membrane, mediating various cell‐polarized phenomena including polar cell growth. Here, we investigated the involvement of Arabidopsis thaliana PCaP2, a plant‐unique plasma membrane protein with phosphoinositide‐binding activity, in PtdIns(4,5)P2 signaling for root hair tip growth. The long‐root‐hair phenotype of the pcap2 knockdown mutant was found to stem from its higher average root hair elongation rate compared with the wild type and to counteract the low average rate caused by a defect in the PtdIns(4,5)P2‐producing enzyme gene PIP5K3. On the plasma membrane of elongating root hairs, the PCaP2 promoter‐driven PCaP2–green fluorescent protein (GFP), which complemented the pcap2 mutant phenotype, overlapped with the PtdIns(4,5)P2 marker 2xCHERRY‐2xPHPLC in the subapical region, but not at the apex, suggesting that PCaP2 attenuates root hair elongation via PtdIns(4,5)P2 signaling on the subapical plasma membrane. Consistent with this, a GFP fusion with the PCaP2 phosphoinositide‐binding domain PCaP2N23, root hair‐specific overexpression of which caused a low average root hair elongation rate, localized more intense to the subapical plasma membrane than to the apical plasma membrane similar to PCaP2–GFP. Inducibly overexpressed PCaP2–GFP, but not its derivative lacking the PCaP2N23 domain, replaced 2xCHERRY‐2xPHPLC on the plasma membrane in root meristematic epidermal cells, and suppressed FM4‐64 internalization in elongating root hairs. Moreover, inducibly overexpressed PCaP2 arrested an endocytic process of PIN2–GFP recycling. Based on these results, we conclude that PCaP2 functions as a negative modulator of PtdIns(4,5)P2 signaling on the subapical plasma membrane probably through competitive binding to PtdIns(4,5)P2 and attenuates root hair elongation.
Predisposing factors for anti‐D immune response in D− patients with chronic liver disease transfused with D+ platelet concentrates
Authors: Burin des Roziers Nicolas , Chadebech Philippe , Malard Lucile , Vingert Benoit , Gallon Philippe , Samuel Didier , Djoudi Rachid , Fillet Anne‐Marie , Pirenne France 
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUNDRecent reports have indicated that the risk of anti‐D alloimmunization following D‐incompatible platelet (PLT) transfusion is low in hematology and oncology patients. We investigated the rate of anti‐D alloimmunization in RhD‐negative (D−) patients with chronic liver disease transfused with D+ platelet concentrates (PCs) and the factors involved, at a liver transplant (LT) center.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe reviewed the blood bank database from January 2003 to October 2016.D− patients who had received D+ PLT transfusions were eligible if they had undergone antibody screening at least 28 days after the first D+ PC transfusion, had no previous or concomitant exposure to D+ blood products, and had not received anti‐D immunoglobulins.RESULTSSix of the 56 eligible patients (10.7%) had anti‐D antibodies. All had received whole blood‐derived PCs. Four of 20 patients (20%) untransplanted or transfused before LT and only two of 36 patients (5.6%) transfused during or after LT produced anti‐D antibodies. These two patients were on maintenance immunosuppression based on low‐dose steroids and tacrolimus. The factors identified as significantly associated with anti‐D immune response were the presence of red blood cell immune alloantibodies before D+ PLT transfusion (p = 0.003), and D+ PLT transfusion outside the operative and postoperative (5 days) periods for LT (p = 0.023).CONCLUSIOND− patients with chronic liver disease transfused with D+ PLTs before LT are at high risk of developing anti‐D antibodies. Preventive measures should be considered for these patients.
Effective treatment and decolonization of a dog infected with carbapenemase (VIM‐2)‐producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa using probiotic and photodynamic therapies
Authors: Sellera Fábio P. , Fernandes Miriam R. , Sabino Caetano P. , de Freitas Laura M. , da Silva Luciano C.B.A. , Pogliani Fabio C. , Ribeiro Martha S. , Hamblin Michael R. , Lincopan Nilton 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundCarbapenem‐resistant bacterial infections are a critical problem in veterinary medicine with limited treatment options.ObjectiveTo describe effective probiotic and photodynamic therapy of a dog with gut colonization and ear infection caused by a hospital‐associated lineage of carbapenemase (VIM‐2)‐producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa.AnimalsA 5‐year‐old Lhasa apso dog presented with otitis externa.Methods and materialsUnilateral otitis externa caused by carbapenem‐resistant P. aeruginosa was treated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue as photosensitizer [wavelength 660 nm, fluence 140 J/cm2, 8 J and 80 s per point (six equidistant points), 100 mW, spot size 0.028 cm2 and fluence rate 3.5 W/cm2]. The isolated bacterial strain also was tested for susceptibility to in vitro aPDT where the survival fraction was quantified by colony forming unit counts after exposure to increasing light doses. For decolonization, probiotic supplements were orally administered (once daily) for 14 days. Effectiveness of probiotics and photodynamic therapy was evaluated by clinical and microbiological culture assays.ResultsComplete resolution of clinical signs was achieved by Day 7 after aPDT. Samples collected immediately and after seven and 14 days following aPDT were negative for VIM‐2‐producing P. aeruginosa. Oral and rectal swabs collected on days 7, 14 and 21 after probiotic therapy, confirmed effective gastrointestinal decolonization.Conclusions and clinical importanceCombined use of aPDT and probiotics could be a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of superficial infections produced by carbapenem‐resistant bacteria, while avoiding recurrent infection due to intestinal bacterial carriage of these multidrug‐resistant pathogens.
Lack of radioprotection knowledge and compliance in Norwegian equine ambulatory practice
Authors: Mikkelsen Marthe Aamodt , Ottesen Nina , Knutsen Bjørn Helge , Søvik Åste 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThere is an increasing use of mobile radiographic units in equine ambulatory practices in Norway. Horse owners or handlers often participate in the radiographic examination in a non‐controlled area. The aim of this descriptive, cross‐sectional, survey study was to evaluate the radiation safety and protection in use of mobile radiography, and to identify areas where special attention from the regulatory authorities as well as veterinary educators would be required. A questionnaire was distributed to all equine veterinarians assumed to have access to mobile radiographic units, as part of a formal inspection in cooperation with the Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority. Few practices met the regulatory requirements of notifying the authorities of their radiographic units and designation of a radiation protection officer. The minority of the practices performed periodic quality assurance of their equipment. Many of the practices performed all of their radiographic examinations off‐site. The examinations were most often performed in the aisle outside the horses’ stalls, and few practices established an operating zone. The horse owner or handler participated in the radiographic examination in almost all of the practices. Few practices used dosimeters for determination of the radiation exposure. The study shows that there are major deficits in regulatory compliance in ambulatory equine radiography practices in Norway. The study also suggests that less stringent regulations and supervision may translate into less stringent radioprotection practices.
An approach using a novel phage mix for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water
Authors: Ezzat Safaa M. , Azzam Mohamed I. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present study aims to integrate the benefits of plaque assay using a novel phage mix with phylogenetic and molecular analysis for detecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. Three phages were isolated and the transmission electron microscope related their morphological resemblance to those of Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families, while molecular analysis showed different cp‐gene sizes. The Phage mix was highly specific (86.0%), and data misleading didn't exceed 14.0% compared to membrane filter assay (39.2%). Time elapsed for test completion required 24 h. Identified P. aeruginosa were verified using 16S‐rDNA. Nucleotide sequence data for both phages and bacteria were submitted to the NCBI GenBank database, USA and gained their accession numbers. Concluding remarks highlight the potential of plaque assay as specific, simple and rapid method. The study recommended future efforts to isolate and characterize new phages for detecting other bacterial pathogens of public health concern to control water pollution and maintain adequate hygiene.
Accuracy of Diesel Engine Combustion Metrics Over the Full Range of Engine Operating Conditions
Authors: Dowell Peter G. , Burke Richard D. , Akehurst Sam 
Published: January 2019

Measuring and analyzing combustion is a critical part of the development of high efficiency and low emitting engines. Faced with changes in legislation such as Real Driving Emissions and the fundamental change in the role of the combustion engine with the introduction of hybrid-electric powertrains, it is essential that combustion analysis can be conducted accurately across the full range of operating conditions. In this work, the sensitivity of five key combustion metrics is investigated with respect to eight necessary assumptions used for single zone Diesel Combustion analysis. The sensitivity was evaluated over the complete operating range of the engine using a combination of experimental and modelling techniques. This provides a holistic understanding of combustion measurement accuracy.
For several metrics, it was found that the sensitivity at the mid speed/load condition was not representative of sensitivity across the full operating range, in particular at low speeds and loads. Peak heat release rate and indicated mean effective pressure were found to be most sensitive to the determination of top dead center (TDC) and the assumption of in-cylinder gas properties. An error of 0.5° in the location of TDC would cause on average a 4.2% error in peak heat release rate. The ratio of specific heats had a strong impact on peak heat release with an error of 8% for using the assumption of a constant value.
A novel method for determining TDC was proposed which combined a filling and emptying simulation with measured data obtained experimentally from an advanced engine test rig with external boosting system. This approach improved the robustness of the prediction of TDC which will allow engineers to measure accurate combustion data in operating conditions representative of in-service applications.