bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saudi students, American academic library: revisited
Authors: Ibraheem Abiodun I. , Devine Christopher , Scott Safiyyah 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This study aimed to use both quantitative and qualitative methods for assessing Saudi Arabian students’ experiences in using the library of a small American university and to compare the findings against those of a representative sample of American classmates.

Design/methodology/approach
The project used a paper survey in querying 164 Saudi Arabian and 273 American students studying at Robert Morris University in 2017.

Findings
The study found that Saudi subjects were much more likely to believe that their informational needs were misunderstood by librarians than American participants in the survey.

Research limitations/implications
Poor participation in the qualitative phase limited, to some degree, the interpretation that could be carried out of the study’s quantitative results.

Practical implications
The study’s findings strongly reveal the need for libraries and librarians to highly prioritize effective communication when providing service to international students.

Originality/value
This is only the second study to ever focus on the library experiences of Saudi Arabian students in American academic libraries, and it is the first to concentrate on the subjective aspect of understanding between librarians and international students. It is of value to library administrators, as well as librarians and library staff who interact with international students.
Predicting the spread of an invasive tree pest: The pine wood nematode in Southern Europe
Authors: de la Fuente Begoña , Saura Santiago , Beck Pieter S. A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Invasive tree pests are increasingly threatening forest ecosystems. Understanding and controlling their spread presents a major challenge for managers, researchers, and policy makers. In 1999, the pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causal agent of pine wilt disease and native to North America, was first detected in Europe, more precisely in south‐western Portugal. Since then, it has spread to more than 30% of the country, producing large‐scale damages in Portuguese forests.

We applied a new spatio‐temporal network‐based model to predict, at yearly intervals, the natural spread of the PWN on the Iberian Peninsula, as dispersed by the longhorn beetle Monochamus galloprovincialis, its only known vector in Europe. We compared the model predictions with independent observations of the natural spread of pine wilt disease in Portugal between 2005 and 2015. We simulated the effect of potential containment measures on the disease spread.

The model predicted the status (infected or non‐infected) of forest areas with 93% accuracy, had 93% sensitivity and specificity, and AUC = 0.96 (averages for 8 years with validation data).

Simulated clear‐cut belts stopped the spread only if they were wider than 30 km, although thinner belts delayed invasion. Furthermore, clear‐cuts were much more effective in slowing down the invasion when reinforced, in the adjacent areas, by the reduction in the vector beetle population through mass trapping and by the early detection and removal of infected trees.

Model projections identified areas through which the nematode is most likely to invade, by natural means, the phytosanitary buffer zone established along the Portuguese border, and Spain.

Synthesis and applications. In the absence of effective containment measures, the pine wood nematode may naturally spread into Spain in about 5 years. In less than 10 years, it may reach the major forest and climatic corridors that provide a gateway for subsequent expansion towards the rest of the Iberian Peninsula and, in the longer term, towards other European countries. Our model can considerably support management efforts by forecasting when areas are at highest risk of vector‐mediated invasion as well as the effects of specific control measures on the disease spread.
Overcoming the challenges of public data archiving for citizen science biodiversity recording and monitoring schemes
Authors: Pearce‐Higgins James W. , Baillie Stephen R. , Boughey Katherine , Bourn Nigel A. D. , Foppen Ruud P. B. , Gillings Simon , Gregory Richard D. , Hunt Tom , Jiguet Frederic , Lehikoinen Aleksi , Musgrove Andy J. , Robinson Rob A. , Roy David B. , Siriwardena Gavin M. , Walker Kevin J. , Wilson Jeremy D. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Public data archiving (PDA) is widely advocated as a means of achieving open data standards, leading to improved data preservation, increased scientific reproducibility, and transparency, as well as additional data use.

Public data archiving was primarily conceived to archive data from short‐term, single‐purpose scientific studies. It is now more widely applied, including to large‐scale citizen science biodiversity recording and monitoring schemes which combine the efforts of volunteers with professional scientists.

This may affect the financial security of such schemes by reducing income from data and analytical services. Communication between scheme organizers and researchers may be disrupted, reducing scientific quality and impeding scheme development. It may also have an impact on the participation of some volunteers.

Synthesis and applications. In response to the challenges of public data archiving for citizen science biodiversity recording and monitoring schemes, the archive function of scheme organizations should be better recognized by those promoting open data principles. Increased financial support from the public sector or from commercial or academic data users may offset financial risk. Those in favour of public data archiving should do more to facilitate communication between nonscheme users and the originating schemes, while a more flexible approach to data archiving may be required to address potential impacts on volunteer participation.
Adverse climatic periods precede and amplify defoliator‐induced tree mortality in eastern boreal North America
Authors: De Grandpré Louis , Kneeshaw Daniel D. , Perigon Sophie , Boucher Dominique , Marchand Maryse , Pureswaran Deepa , Girardin Martin P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs major alterations are occurring in climate and pest ranges, it is imperative to evaluate their combined contribution to tree mortality in order to propose mitigation measures and limit losses in forest productivity. The objective of this study was to explore the association between declines in tree growth resulting from climatic and biotic (spruce budworm) disturbances, and their interactions on tree mortality of two dominant tree species,Abies balsameaandPicea mariana,of the eastern North‐American boreal forest.We disentangle the influences of abiotic and biotic components on growth through a combination of model‐data comparison techniques. First, we characterized the variability in tree growth and mortality in the study area using a network of tree‐ring width measurements collected from living and dead trees. Subsequently, a bioclimatic simulation model was used to estimate the past annual, nonlinear, responses of stand‐level net primary production (NPP) to climate variability (period 1902–2012). From these two data sources, we defined the biotic stress events as the variance in the tree‐ring data unexplained by the bioclimatic forest growth simulation.Throughout the 20th century, two periods of adverse climatic conditions preceded spruce budworm outbreaks episodes and induced tree mortality. Climatic stress events were associated with cold springs, warmer than average summers. We found that past stress history in interaction with tree characteristics and species predisposed trees to mortality. In addition, co‐occurring events (climatic and biotic) increased the severity of mortality episodes.Synthesis. Our study challenges the belief that spruce budworm outbreak is the primary driver of broad‐scale tree mortality in eastern boreal forest. Rather, tree mortality is the result of cumulative events that combine unfavourable conditions for growth, resulting in loss of tree vigour and subsequently, mortality. Co‐occurrence of stresses in the future may lead to more severe episodes of mortality, as extreme climatic events become more frequent.
Immune cell trafficking, lymphatics and hypertension
Authors: Balasubbramanian Dakshnapriya , Lopez Gelston Catalina A , Rutkowski Joseph M , Mitchell Brett M 
Published: May 2018

Activated immune cell infiltration into organs contributes to the development and maintenance of hypertension. Studies targeting specific immune cell populations or reducing their inflammatory signalling have demonstrated a reduction in BP. Lymphatic vessels play a key role in immune cell trafficking and in resolving inflammation, but little is known about their role in hypertension. Studies from our laboratory and others suggest that inflammation‐associated or induction of lymphangiogenesis is organ protective and anti‐hypertensive. This review provides the basis for hypertension as a disease of chronic inflammation in various tissues and highlights how renal lymphangiogenesis is a novel regulator of kidney health and BP.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Immune Targets in Hypertension. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.12/issuetoc
Developmental Transactions Between Self‐Regulation and Academic Achievement Among Low‐Income African American and Latino Children
Authors: Mills Britain , Dyer Nazly , Pacheco Daniel , Brinkley Dawn , Owen Margaret T. , Caughy Margaret O. 
Published: May 2018

This study examined the development of emerging self‐regulation (SR) skills across the preschool years and relations to academic achievement in kindergarten and first grade. SR skills of 403 low‐income African American and Latino children were measured at 2&1/2, 3&1/2, and 5 years (kindergarten). Reading and math skills were measured at 5 and 6 years (first grade) using the Woodcock–Johnson. Transactional relations between SR skills and achievement outcomes were estimated with latent difference score models. Increases in set shifting predicted prospective increases in reading, but not math scores. Increases in simple response inhibition predicted prospective increases in math, but not reading scores. Application of these findings to early intervention programming and needed supports for school readiness and achievement are discussed.
Sirt3 deficiency impairs neurovascular recovery in ischemic stroke
Authors: Yang Xiao , Geng Ke‐Yi , Zhang Yan‐Shuang , Zhang Jin‐Fan , Yang Ke , Shao Jia‐Xiang , Xia Wei‐Liang 
Published: May 2018

SummaryAimsSirt3 is one member of the NAD+‐dependent protein deacetylase family and plays crucial roles in diverse aspects of mammalian biological function. Then the role of Sirt3 on ischemia stroke is unknown.MethodsTo examine the effect of Sirt3 on ischemic stroke, we performed transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) in adult male Sirt3 knockout (KO) and wild‐type (WT) mice.ResultsThe level of Sirt3 in infarct region is decreased after ischemic stroke. In addition, we found that Sirt3 KO mice showed worse neurobehavioral outcome compared with WT mice, accompanied by decreased neurogenesis and angiogenesis as shown by the reduction in number of DCX+/BrdU+ cells, NeuN+/BrdU+ cells, and CD31+/BrdU+ cells in the perifocal region during recovery phase after ischemic stroke. Furthermore, Sirt3 deficiency reduced the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), AKT, and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) signaling pathways.ConclusionOur results indicated that Sirt3 is beneficial to neurovascular and functional recovery following chronic ischemic stroke.
Uncertainty analysis and robust areas of high and low modeled human impact on the global oceans
Authors: Stock Andy , Crowder Larry B. , Halpern Benjamin S. , Micheli Fiorenza 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIncreasing anthropogenic pressure on marine ecosystems from fishing, pollution, climate change, and other sources is a big concern in marine conservation. Scientists have thus developed spatial models to map cumulative human impacts on marine ecosystems. However, these models are based on many assumptions and incorporate data that suffer from substantial incompleteness and inaccuracies. Rather than using a single model, we used Monte Carlo simulations to identify which parts of the oceans are subject to the most and least impact from anthropogenic stressors under 7 simulated sources of uncertainty (factors: e.g., missing stressor data and assuming linear ecosystem responses to stress). Most maps agreed that high‐impact areas were located in the Northeast Atlantic, the eastern Mediterranean, the Caribbean, the continental shelf off northern West Africa, offshore parts of the tropical Atlantic, the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar, parts of East and Southeast Asia, parts of the northwestern Pacific, and many coastal waters. Large low‐impact areas were located off Antarctica, in the central Pacific, and in the southern Atlantic. Uncertainty in the broad‐scale spatial distribution of modeled human impact was caused by the aggregate effects of several factors, rather than being attributable to a single dominant source. In spite of the identified uncertainty in human‐impact maps, they can—at broad spatial scales and in combination with other environmental and socioeconomic information—point to priority areas for research and management.
‘Power in Mobility’: parent and therapist perspectives of the experiences of children learning to use powered mobility
Authors: Kenyon Lisa K , Mortenson W Ben , Miller William C 
Published: May 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to gain insights, from the perspectives of both parents and pediatric therapists, into the experiences of children learning to use a power mobility device.MethodThe purposive sample included 33 participants: 14 parents of children who were learning, or had learned, to use a power mobility device and 19 pediatric occupational therapists or physical therapists. Data were gathered face‐to‐face via seven focus groups consisting of either parents or therapists, and eight one‐on‐one interviews. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method.ResultsThree main themes were identified: (1) ‘Power in mobility’ described how learning to use powered mobility changed more than just a child's locomotor abilities; (2) ‘There is no recipe’ revealed how learning to use powered mobility occurred along an individualized continuum of skills that often unfolded over time in a cyclical process; (3) ‘Emotional journey’ explored how learning to use powered mobility was an emotionally charged undertaking for all those involved.InterpretationLearning to use a power mobility device is a complex process that often requires perseverance and determination on the part of the child, family, and therapist.What this paper adds

Powered mobility use impacts more than just a child's locomotor abilities.

Learning to use a power mobility device is a highly individualized process.

Learning to use powered mobility may be an emotionally charged process.
Evaluating the efficiency of the Dental Teacher system as a digital preclinical teaching tool
Authors: Nagy Z. A. , Simon B. , Tóth Z. , Vág J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAimTo investigate the use of a preparation evaluation system for enhancing the learning and performance of undergraduate dental students when cutting preparations.Materials and MethodsTwo groups of eighteen students each were randomly chosen from the fourth year of the dental programme. The task chosen for this study was to make a cavity in preparation for a mesio‐occlusal ceramic onlay in a plastic tooth. The dimensions of the cavity were defined, and 2 burs of known size were used for preparation. For assessment, each tooth preparation was scanned with a digital scanner and analysed using the Dental Teacher software. In the control group, a second corrective preparation was made following the supervisor’s instructions. In the test group, the second preparation was made based on Dental Teacher analysis. The final cavities were all scanned and assessed by Dental Teacher comparing the similarity of students’ onlay cavity preparations to the ideal preparation. All data were recorded and analysed by the software, including cavity depth and width in the occlusal and proximal box, the extent of mesiobuccal cusp reduction and shoulder width around the mesiobuccal cusp. Finally, the data were statistically evaluated using a Wilcoxon matched pairs test and a Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsThree of the 6 cavity dimension parameters improved significantly in the test group whilst no improvement was found in the control group. A positive correlation was found between the improvement and the deviation measured for the first preparations, and it was stronger in the test group than in the control group.ConclusionsThe use of Dental Teacher helped students to learn the preparation technique for onlay restorations more efficiently and seems to be a promising and useful method to facilitate their individual performance. Student feedback showed a great demand for digital aids in education.
First record of Xylotrechus chinensis (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) in Greece and in the EPPO region
Authors: Leivadara E. , Leivadaras I. , Vontas I. , Trichas A. , Simoglou K. , Roditakis E. , Avtzis D. N. 
Published: May 2018

Xylotrechus chinensis belongs to the entomofauna of China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Taiwan. Prior to this paper it has been intercepted twice outside its native range, once in Philadelphia (USA) and once in Germany (Europe). In spring 2017, it was detected for the first time in Greece, in Heraklion city (Island of Crete) infesting the trunk of trees of Morus species planted near the harbour of the city. It can thus be hypothesized that X. chinensis was transported from its native range with commodities that are handled in the harbour. Eradication efforts are being taken in order to prevent its further spread, which could threaten several other tree species because X. chinensis attacks a wide range of hosts. This is the first record of this pest from the EPPO region.
Characterisation of a putative glutamate 5‐kinase from Leishmania donovani
Authors: Sienkiewicz Natasha , Ong Han B. , Fairlamb Alan H. 
Published: May 2018

Previous metabolic studies have demonstrated that leishmania parasites are able to synthesise proline from glutamic acid and threonine from aspartic acid. The first committed step in both biosynthetic pathways involves an amino acid kinase, either a glutamate 5‐kinase (G5K; EC2.7.2.11) or an aspartokinase (EC2.7.2.4). Bioinformatic analysis of multiple leishmania genomes identifies a single amino acid‐kinase gene (LdBPK 262740.1) variously annotated as either a putative glutamate or aspartate kinase. To establish the catalytic function of this Leishmania donovani gene product, we have determined the physical and kinetic properties of the recombinant enzyme purified from Escherichia coli. The findings indicate that the enzyme is a bona fide G5K with no activity as an aspartokinase. Tetrameric G5K displays kinetic behaviour similar to its bacterial orthologues and is allosterically regulated by proline, the end product of the pathway. The structure‐activity relationships of proline analogues as inhibitors are broadly similar to the bacterial enzyme. However, unlike G5K from E. coli, leishmania G5K lacks a C‐terminal PUA (pseudouridine synthase and archaeosine transglycosylase) domain and does not undergo higher oligomerisation in the presence of proline. Gene replacement studies are suggestive, but not conclusive that G5K is essential.EnzymesGlutamate 5‐kinase (EC2.7.2.11); aspartokinase (EC2.7.2.4).
Flexibility of pigment cell behavior permits the robustness of skin pattern formation
Authors: Sawada Risa , Aramaki Toshihiro , Kondo Shigeru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe striped pigmentation pattern of zebrafish is determined by the interaction between pigment cells with different colors. Recent studies show the behaviors of pigment cells are substantially different according to the environment. Interestingly, the resulting patterns are almost identical, suggesting a robustness of the patterning mechanism. To know how this robustness originates, we investigated the behavior of melanophores in various environments including different developmental stages, different body positions, and different genetic backgrounds. Normally, when embryonic melanophores are excluded from the yellow stripe region in the body trunk, two different cellular behaviors are observed. Melanophores migrate to join the black stripe or disappear (die) in the position. In environments where melanophore migration was restricted, we observed that most melanophores disappeared in their position, resulting in the complete exclusion of melanophores from the yellow stripe. In environments where melanophore cell death was restricted, most melanophores migrated to join the black stripes, also resulting in complete exclusion. When both migration and cell death were restricted, melanophores remained alive in the yellow stripes. These results show that migration and cell death complement each other to achieve the exclusion of melanophores. This flexibility may be the basis of the mechanistic robustness of skin pattern formation.
Densification behavior of flash sintered boron suboxide
Authors: Yu Jian H. , McWilliams Brandon A. , Parker Thomas C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA study to quantify the flash sintering kinetics of boron suboxide (B6O) under various electric field strengths and cut‐off amperages is presented. B6O is conventionally sintered at a prolonged temperature above 1800°C, near its thermal decomposition temperature, with an overpressure >3 atm. By applying a direct current (DC) electric field across a green powder compact, B6O can be sintered at 1000°C at atmospheric pressure. During the flash sintering process, an intensive radiation was emitted (electroluminescence), which is distinct from the thermal radiation (thermoluminescence) that is expected in conventional sintering. It was observed that the degree of sintering of the large B6O specimen was heterogeneous due to apparent localization of electrically conducting paths. The material near the surface was sintered, but the core of the specimen was not. It was found that the flash event occurred at a critical temperature, which was obtained by combining external heating via ambient furnace conditions and internal Joule heating. The progressive densification behaviors of the B6O are also presented.
Development of a lead‐free copper co‐fired BNT‐based piezoceramic sintered at low temperature
Authors: Yesner Gregory , Safari Ahmad 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCompatibility of Bi‐based piezoelectric ceramic and copper electrodes is demonstrated by co‐firing 0.88Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3–0.08Bi1/2K1/2TiO3–0.04BaTiO3 (BNKBT88) with copper. A combination of Bi2O3, CuO, ZnO, Li2CO3, and B2O3 are used as additives to reduce firing temperature to 900°C with minimal effect on the electromechanical properties compared to sintering at 1150°C without additives. Co‐firing with copper electrodes requires controlled oxygen sintering at low temperature. The atmosphere is controlled using carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas to maintain an oxygen partial pressure of 6.1 × 10−8 atm, which is necessary for the coexistence of Cu metal and Bi2O3. The thermodynamic activity of bismuth oxide in BNKBT88 is calculated to be 0.38. BNKBT88 ceramics were successfully co‐fired with internal as well as surface Cu metal electrodes. The copper co‐fired ceramics were successfully polarized and the dielectric and piezoelectric properties are evaluated.