bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capillary Encapsulation of Metallic Potassium in Aligned Carbon Nanotubes for Use as Stable Potassium Metal Anodes
Authors: Qin Lei , Lei Yu , Wang Huwei , Dong Jiahui , Wu Yiying , Zhai Dengyun , Kang Feiyu , Tao Ying , Yang Quan‐Hong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMetallic potassium (K) is a desirable anode for potassium secondary batteries due to its low electrode potential in nonaqueous electrolytes and high theoretical capacity. Nevertheless, instability caused by dendritic growth, large volume changes, and parasitic side reactions hamper its practical application. Here, an anode containing metallic K is fabricated by infiltrating an aligned carbon nanotube membrane (ACM) with molten K because of its good wettability to molten K due to the strong capillary forces. The K metal is spatially distributed on the 3D ACM framework, which offers sufficient electrode/electrolyte contact for charge transfer. The robust ACM host provides a large number of K nucleation sites and physically confines the K deposited there, thus mitigating dimensional changes during cycling. The pathways for electrons and ions in the anode are associated to form a mixed conducting network, which is beneficial for the electrochemical redox. Consequently, the anode shows stable plating/stripping profiles with low polarization in symmetric cells using conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes. In addition, dendrite growth is suppressed, and the anode demonstrates excellent suitability when paired with a Prussian blue cathode in a full cell. This design strategy is expected to provide a way to address the problems with using metallic K anodes.
Slug flow characterization in horizontal annulus
Authors: Eyo Edem N. , Lao Liyun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTo characterize slug flows in annuli channels and highlight the effect of the eccentricity on the flow behaviors, experiments were conducted in two horizontal annuli setups (a) concentric and (b) fully eccentric using air and water as the testing fluids. The range of air and water superficial velocities investigated were 0.45–3.49 m/s and 0.15–2.77 m/s, respectively. Slug parameters measured using conductance probes designed for this study include slug length, translational velocity, slug frequency, and slug holdup. It is found that the slug translational velocity is unaffected by the annulus eccentricity; however, parameters including slug frequency, slug holdup, and slug lengths have a higher value in the fully eccentric annulus when compared with the concentric one. We introduced a new definition of hydraulic diameter, which reconciles the correlation between the dimensionless mean slug length and the mixture velocity of the horizontal annuli with different setups.
Batch‐centric model for scheduling straight multisource pipelines
Authors: Liao Qi , Castro Pedro M. , Liang Yongtu , Zhang Haoran 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article develops a highly efficient batch‐centric model for the detailed scheduling of straight multiple‐source pipelines. The continuous‐time model permits multiple batches to be injected/delivered over a slot, thus enabling finding better schedules for a given number of event points in the grid. It can consider either global or line batch numbering. In the former, one predefines empty batches to allow injection of new products at intermediate sources. Empty batches are avoided with line numbering at the expense of specifying a number of batches for every line in the system, instead of using a global value. Three benchmark problems from the literature are solved to evaluate the performance of the proposed formulation. Compared to our recent work, new best solutions are reported in two cases, while for the third, the computational time has been reduced by two orders of magnitude. The results also show that global batch numbering is better.
Parietal lobe variation in cercopithecid endocasts
Authors: Pereira‐Pedro Ana Sofia , Beaudet Amélie , Bruner Emiliano 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn extant primates, the posterior parietal cortex is involved in visuospatial integration, attention, and eye‐hand coordination, which are crucial functions for foraging and feeding behaviors. Paleoneurology studies brain evolution through the analysis of endocasts, that is molds of the inner surface of the braincase. These may preserve imprints of cortical structures, such as sulci, which might be of interest for locating the boundaries of major cortical regions. Old World monkeys (Cercopithecidae) represent an interesting zoological group for evolutionary studies, because of their diverse ecologies and locomotor behaviors. In this study, we quantify parietal lobe variation within the cercopithecid family, in a sample of 30 endocasts including 11 genera and 17 species, by combining landmark‐based and landmark‐free geometric morphometric analyses. More specifically, we quantitatively assess variation of the parietal proportions based on landmarks placed on reliable anatomical references and of parietal lobe surface morphology through deformation‐based methods. The main feature associated with the cercopithecid endocranial variation regards the inverse proportions of parietal and occipital lobes, with colobines, Theropithecus, and Papio displaying relatively larger parietal lobes and smaller occipital lobes compared with cercopithecins. The parietal surface is anteroposteriorly longer and mediolaterally flatter in colobines, while longitudinally shorter but laterally bulging in baboons. Large parietal lobes in colobines and baboons are likely to be independent evolutionary traits, and not necessarily associated with analogous functions or morphogenetic mechanisms.
Dual Photoredox/Nickel‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Carbofunctionalization of Alkenes
Authors: García‐Domínguez Andrés , Mondal Rahul , Nevado Cristina 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe potential of merging photoredox and nickel catalysis to perform multicomponent alkene difunctionalizations under visible‐light irradiation is demonstrated here. Secondary and tertiary alkyl groups, as well as sulfonyl moieties can be added to the terminal position of the double bond with simultaneous arylation of the internal carbon atom in a single step under mild reaction conditions. The process, devoid of stoichiometric additives, benefits from the use of bench‐stable and easy‐to‐handle reagents, is operationally simple, and tolerates a wide variety of functional groups.
Chemoenzymatic Platform for Synthesis of Chiral Organofluorines Based on Type II Aldolases
Authors: Fang Jason , Hait Diptarka , Head‐Gordon Martin , Chang Michelle C. Y. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAldolases are C−C bond forming enzymes that have become prominent tools for sustainable synthesis of complex synthons. However, enzymatic methods of fluorine incorporation into such compounds are lacking due to the rarity of fluorine in nature. Recently, the use of fluoropyruvate as a non‐native aldolase substrate has arisen as a solution. Here, we report that the type II HpcH aldolases efficiently catalyze fluoropyruvate addition to diverse aldehydes, with exclusive (3S)‐selectivity at fluorine that is rationalized by DFT calculations on a mechanistic model. We also measure the kinetic parameters of aldol addition and demonstrate engineering of the hydroxyl group stereoselectivity. Our aldolase collection is then employed in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of novel fluoroacids and ester derivatives in high stereopurity (d.r. 80–98 %). The compounds made available by this method serve as precursors to fluorinated analogs of sugars, amino acids, and other valuable chiral building blocks.
Half‐sandwich Ir (III) and Rh (III) complexes as catalysts for water oxidation with double‐site
Authors: Li Peng , Liu Jin‐Bao , Han Sheng , Deng Wei , Yao Zi‐Jian 
Published: June 2019

A series of neutral binuclear iridium and rhodium complexes were synthesized based on bis‐imine ligands under mild conditions. These half‐sandwich late transition metal complexes were isolated in good yields and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HR‐MS, and FT‐IR spectroscopies, and the solid state structure of complexes 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) characterization indicated that the complex 1 has the best catalyst for water oxidation process with TOF of 0.8 s−1 at low overpotential of 0.325 V in methanol‐phosphate buffer. The proposed double‐site water oxidation mechanism had been also speculated.
Individuals in the prediabetes stage exhibit reduced hippocampal tail volume and executive dysfunction
Authors: Dong Sun , Dongwei Lu , Zhang Junjian , Liang Jinyu , Sun Zhenmeng , Fang Jian 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionHigh glucose levels are associated with cognitive impairment and total hippocampal volume reductions. However, the effects of the blood glucose level on hippocampal subfield volumes remain unclear, especially in the prediabetes stage.MethodsSixty participants were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study and were divided into the nondiabetes, prediabetes, and diabetes groups according to their medical history and A1c level. A full battery of neuropsychological tests was used to assess the global cognition, executive function, attention, verbal fluency, working memory, immediate memory, and delayed memory. FreeSurfer 6.0 was used for the hippocampus parcellation. Hippocampal subfield volumes were adjusted by intracranial volume. Analyses of covariance, multiple linear regression, and partial correlation analysis were used to explore the relationship between A1c level, cognitive function, and hippocampal subfields volume, in which age, sex, education years, body mass index, history of hypertension, level of cholesterol, and the presence of ApoE4‐positive status were adjusted.ResultsSignificant differences in the total left hippocampal volume (p = 0.046) and left hippocampal tail volume (p = 0.014) were noted among three groups. Significant correlation was identified between the A1c level and the volume of left hippocampal tail (r = −0.334, p = 0.009) after adjusting all the covariants. Increased A1c level was significantly associated with executive dysfunction, as assessed by trail making test B (R = 0.503, p = 0.0016) and Stroop test C (R = 0.506, p = 0.001).ConclusionsOur results support that the left hippocampal tail volume may be served as an early marker of diabetes‐related brain damage, associated with executive dysfunction. Clinicians should pay closer attention to adults in the prediabetes stage to prevent later cognitive impairment.
Adsorption Kinetics of Cellulase and Xylanase Immobilized on Magnetic Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Jannah Sulaiman Nurul , Mansor Azmi Fadziyana , Rahman Roshanida A. , Illias Rosli M. , Shaarani Shalyda M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe adsorption kinetics of cellulase and xylanase immobilized on magnetically separable, hierarchically ordered mesocellular mesoporous silica (M‐HMMS) was investigated. The adsorption of cellulase on M‐HMMS followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics while the xylanase adsorption followed the Avrami model. Intraparticle and film diffusion also affected this process. These results enable in‐depth knowledge of the cellulase and xylanase adsorption mechanisms on M‐HMMS for better future applications by improving the stability of the immobilization.
An Azo Coupling Strategy for Protein 3‐Nitrotyrosine Derivatization
Authors: Liu Yuxin , Zhou Pengcheng , Da Honghong , Jia Huiyi , Bai Feifei , Hu Guodong , Zhang Baoxin , Fang Jianguo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein, a strategy for the selective derivatization of 3‐nitrotyrosine‐containing proteins using the classic azo coupling reaction as the key step is described. This novel approach featured multiple advantages and was successfully applied to detect picomole levels of protein tyrosine nitration in biological samples.
Heterojunction α‐Fe2O3/ZnO Films with Enhanced Photocatalytic Properties Grown by Aerosol‐Assisted Chemical Vapour Deposition
Authors: Jiamprasertboon Arreerat , Kafizas Andreas , Sachs Michael , Ling Min , Alotaibi Abdullah M. , Lu Yao , Siritanon Theeranun , Parkin Ivan P. , Carmalt Claire J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractType I heterojunction films of α‐Fe2O3/ZnO are reported here as a non‐titania based photocatalyst, which shows remarkable enhancement in the photocatalytic properties towards stearic acid degradation under UVA‐light exposure (λ=365 nm), with a quantum efficiency of ξ=4.42±1.54×10−4 molecules degraded/photon, which was about 16 times greater than that of α‐Fe2O3, and 2.5 times greater than that of ZnO. Considering that the degradation of stearic acid requires 104 electron transfers for each molecule, this represents an overall quantum efficiency of 4.60 % for the α‐Fe2O3/ZnO heterojunction. Time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) revealed the charge‐carrier behaviour responsible for this increase in activity. Photogenerated electrons, formed in the ZnO layer, were transferred into the α‐Fe2O3 layer on the pre‐μs timescale, which reduced electron–hole recombination. This increased the lifetime of photogenerated holes formed in ZnO, which oxidise stearic acid. The heterojunction α‐Fe2O3/ZnO films grown herein show potential environmental applications as coatings for self‐cleaning windows and surfaces.
Chirally Twisted Ultrathin Polydopamine Nanoribbons: Synthesis and Spontaneous Assembly of Silver Nanoparticles on Them
Authors: Awasthi Anand Kumar , Bhagat Somnath D. , Ramakrishnan Reshma , Srivastava Aasheesh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolydopamine (PDA) is a synthetic polymeric material with immense potential in biomedical and surface functionalization applications. Herein, we have screened self‐assemblies formed by Phenylalanine‐based amphiphiles (Phe‐AMPs) as soft templates for preparing chiral PDA nanostructures. Our study revealed that the amphiphile2endowed with a primary amine residue afforded chirally‐twisted ultrathin nanoribbons of PDA under optimized conditions. The chirality at the Phe residue of2modulated the twist‐chirality of the PDA nanoribbons; thel‐2resulted in nanoribbons with right‐handed twist, whereas thed‐2induced a left‐handed twist to the ribbons. The racemic mixture of these two amphiphiles produced flat, achiral tapes. The PDA ribbon thickness was ≈5.86±0.40 nm, whereas its width and length were ≈133.5±3.2 nm and >5000 nm, respectively. Upon dialysis, hollow PDA nanotubes were obtained due to curling of the PDA nanoribbons. These PDA‐nanoarchitectures were employed to spontaneously form and assemble Ag‐nanoparticles along the edges of the PDA nanoribbons. In this work we are reporting chirality controlled synthesis of PDA nanostructures for the first time.
Stereochemistry, Stereodynamics, and Redox and Complexation Behaviors of 2,2′‐Diaryl‐1,1′‐Biazulenes
Authors: Tsuchiya Takahiro , Katsuoka Yuka , Yoza Kenji , Sato Hiroyasu , Mazaki Yasuhiro 
Published: June 2019

Abstract2,2′‐Diaryl‐1,1′‐biazulenes were synthesized and electronic communication between the azulene subunits was suggested based on redox measurements. The linkage of azulene at the 1‐position also appeared to increase the HOMO levels. In addition, cyclic voltammetry measurements of 2‐arylazulenes showed a return peak associated with the oxidation, which was not observed for azulene. The stabilization of the single‐electron oxidant may be due to the SOMO‐HOMO energy inversion phenomenon. X‐ray crystallography of the azulene dimers revealed that this species possessed a syn‐type structure in which both aryl groups in the 2‐positions formed π‐stacks. The twisted structure was indicated to be in the (R)‐ or (S)‐configuration for all molecules in the unit cell. Spontaneous resolution was also shown. Furthermore, from the solid circular dichroism (CD) spectral measurements, the relationship between the absolute configuration of the molecules and the CD spectra was determined. A racemization rotational barrier of ca. 27 kcal mol−1 was calculated. Moreover, the pyridylazulene dimer cyclized upon reaction with PdCl2 to form a 3 : 3 complex, in which the biazulene units cyclized to give ratios between the (R)‐ and (S)‐forms of either 2 : 1 or 1 : 2.
Anti‐inflammatory and diuretic effects of the diterpene ent‐dihydrotucumanoic acid
Authors: Alonso‐Castro Angel Josabad , Arana‐Argáez Víctor E. , Deveze‐Alvarez Martha Alicia , Chan‐Zapata Ivan , Torres‐Romero Julio Cesar , Carranza‐Álvarez Candy , Luna‐Rubio Sarahí , González‐Chávez Marco M. , Zapata‐Morales Juan R. , Aragón‐Martínez Othoniel H. , Ramírez‐Morales Marco Antonio 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Gymnosperma glutinosum (Spreng) Less (Asteraceae) is a shrub used in traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory and renal diseases. The ent‐dihydrotucumanoic acid (DTA) is a diterpene obtained from G. glutinosum. This study evaluated the antioxidant, genotoxic, and diuretic properties of DTA, as well as its in vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory actions. The antioxidant actions of DTA were assessed with the 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, the genotoxic action was assessed with the comet assay, and the diuretic effects of DTA were assessed using metabolic cages. The anti‐inflammatory actions were evaluated using primary murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS and the λ‐carrageenan‐induced hind paw edema test. DTA lacked antioxidant (IC50 > 25,000 μg/mL) activity in the ABTS, FRAP, and DPPH assays. DTA at 500–1,000 μg/mL showed moderate genotoxicity. In LPS‐stimulated macrophages, DTA showed IC50 values of 74.85 μg/mL (TNF‐α) and 58.12 μg/mL (NO), whereas the maximum inhibition of IL‐6 (24%) and IL‐1β (36%) was recorded at 200 μg/mL. DTA induced in vivo anti‐inflammatory effects with ED50 = 124.3 mg/kg. The in vitro anti‐inflammatory activity of DTA seems to be associated with the decrease in the release of TNF‐α and NO. DTA promoted the excretion of urine (ED50 = 86.9 mg/kg), Na+ (ED50 = 66.7 mg/kg), and K+ (ED50 = 8.6 mg/kg). The coadministration of DTA with L‐NAME decreased the urinary excretion shown by DTA alone. Therefore, the diuretic activity is probably associated with the participation of nitric oxide synthase. In conclusion, DTA exerted anti‐inflammatory and diuretic effects, but lacked antioxidant effects.
Modeling genetic epilepsies in a dish
Authors: Niu Wei , Parent Jack M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, provide a powerful platform for mechanistic studies of disorders of neurodevelopment and neural networks. hPSC models of autism, epilepsy, and other neurological disorders are also advancing the path toward designing and testing precision therapies. The field is evolving rapidly with the addition of genome‐editing approaches, expanding protocols for the two‐dimensional (2D) differentiation of different neuronal subtypes, and three‐dimensional (3D) human brain organoid cultures. However, the application of these techniques to study complex neurological disorders, including the epilepsies, remains a challenge. Here, we review previous work using both 2D and 3D hPSC models of genetic epilepsies, as well as recent advances in the field. We also describe new strategies for applying these technologies to disease modeling of genetic epilepsies, and discuss current challenges and future directions.
Seed banks trigger ecological resilience in subalpine meadows abandoned after arable farming on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Miaojun , Baskin Carol C. , Li Wenjin , Zhao Yunpeng , Zhao Yin , Zhao Liang , Chen Ning , Du Guozhen 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough long‐term agricultural activity frequently decreases biodiversity, it remains unclear whether such biodiversity losses are readily reversible. There is no doubt that the important ecological function of seed bank is ecological memory, but few researchers have explored the role of seed banks in grassland ecosystem resilience and threshold theory. We used a space‐for‐time subrogation method, i.e., a natural meadow (never farmed but used for moderate gazing) and meadows farmed for 30 yr and then abandoned for 1, 10, and 20 yr, to determine if the biodiversity/ecosystem of subalpine meadows could be reversed to the natural vegetation state and to investigate the role of soil seed banks in grassland ecosystem restoration and resilience. After 20 yr of natural regeneration, aboveground vegetation composition and properties had recovered to the natural meadow state, suggesting that critical thresholds were not crossed. Seed bank composition and structure exhibited almost no change after agricultural disturbance for decades. The persistent seed bank had the highest contribution to vegetation regeneration in the 1‐yr abandoned field, which had the highest seed density. Similarity between the seed bank and aboveground vegetation and seed density decreased with years since abandonment. Since the seed bank still reflected the desired state, the system had inherent resilience and had not have crossed the transition threshold. Thus, high‐diversity persistent seed banks are an important indicator of high resilience of this ecosystem. High similarity between the seed bank and vegetation in early‐abandoned fields may indicate that ecological resilience is triggered and be a warning signal that interventions are needed to avoid a state transition. In applying alternative stable state theory to ecological restoration, much attention should be given to the soil seed bank.
Managing farm ponds as breeding sites for amphibians: key trade‐offs in agricultural function and habitat conservation
Authors: Swartz Timothy M. , Miller James R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMillions of farm ponds have been constructed in agricultural landscapes around the globe. These ponds are built to support a variety of functions, including erosion control, cattle grazing, and recreational fishing, but their role as breeding habitat for amphibians remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying farm ponds in the eastern Great Plains of the United States, a pond‐dense region dominated by agriculture. We used field surveys and occupancy modeling to identify the important biophysical components of amphibian habitat and to assess the species‐specific effects of cattle and fish presence on breeding occupancy. We next used a chronosequence to determine whether pond renovation, which often occurs when ponds are about 40 yr old, threatens the development of amphibian habitat. Nine amphibian species bred in the farm ponds that we surveyed, and the relationship between breeding occupancy and habitat variables varied by species. We found that the pH conditions associated with amphibian breeding occupancy were significantly more likely to occur in older ponds (>50 yr old). Emergent vegetation cover was also associated with increased breeding probability and rarely reached high levels in newer ponds. Since the older ponds with suitable habitat are at an age where renovation is likely needed to restore their agricultural function, this habitat may be at risk. We suggest that conservation of amphibians in farm ponds in the United States will require adopting renovation and management practices that balance the multiple uses of these sites and maintain a mosaic of pond successional states.