bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short- and Long-Horizon Behavioral Factors
Authors: Daniel Kent , Hirshleifer David , Sun Lin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We propose a theoretically motivated factor model based on investor psychology and assess its ability to explain the cross-section of U.S. equity returns. Our factor model augments the market factor with two factors that capture long- and short-horizon mispricing. The long-horizon factor exploits the information in managers’ decisions to issue or repurchase equity in response to persistent mispricing. The short-horizon earnings surprise factor, which is motivated by investor inattention and evidence of short-horizon underreaction, captures short-horizon anomalies. This 3-factor risk-and-behavioral model outperforms other proposed models in explaining a broad range of return anomalies. (JEL G12, G14)
Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
How public policies have shaped the technological progress in the Brazilian aeronautics industry: Embraer case
Authors: Francelino Josiane de Araújo , Urbina Ligia Maria Soto , Furtado André Tosi , Chagas Milton de Freitas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite the growing interest in Embraer, the Brazilian world leading aircraft manufacturers, little empirical research exists on the role of Public Procurement for Innovation (PPI), in Brazil, on the shaping of technological capabilities of the aeronautics industry. To capture those impacts, developing a methodological approach is necessary. Thus, the objective of this article is to evaluate the impacts of PPI on Embraer over the last forty years, developing a model for categorizing and analyzing the general technological aspects of those impacts, implemented through Brazilian Defense Acquisition Programs. The results suggest that the Brazilian Aeronautical Policy led to the development of very specific technical capabilities in Embraer, which allowed its evolution in civil aviation.
‘Bad for the Health of the Body, Worse for the Health of the Mind’: Female Responses to Imprisonment in England, 1853–1869
Authors: Bennett Rachel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Upon committal to one of the newly established female convict prisons in the mid-nineteenth century, women entered a system intended to regulate them in body and in mind for the ends of reform. This article interrogates how women’s health needs were identified and contested by the prison officials and doctors tasked with their custody and care. It highlights the importance of broader temporal gender beliefs in dictating their treatment in this carceral space and explores how the women themselves exercised agency over the terms of their imprisonment. In addition, it reveals the previously underexplored transference of women between the institutions that made up the female convict estate that was prompted by concerns about the impact of a rigorous prison system on their physical and mental health.
Late-Career Faculty: A Survey of Faculty Affairs and Faculty Development Leaders of U.S. Medical Schools
Authors: Skarupski Kimberly A. , Dandar Valerie , Mylona Elza , Chatterjee Archana , Welch Cheryl , Singh Meenakshi 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
Individuals 55 or older constitute 28.5% of the U.S. population but 32% of full-time faculty at U.S. medical schools accredited by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME). The academic medicine community knows little about the policies, programs, and resources for faculty in pre- and post-retirement stages. The authors sought to inventory the range of institutional resources for late-career faculty development and retirement planning in U.S. LCME-accredited medical schools.

Method
The authors surveyed 138 medical school faculty affairs deans and leaders in May 2017 to ascertain (1) priorities around retirement, succession planning, and workforce development/support; (2) retirement policies; (3) late-career and retirement resources; and (4) perceived factors impacting faculty retirement.

Results
Of those invited, 84 (60.9%) responded to the survey, and of these, 44 (52.4%) disagreed or strongly disagreed that retirement planning and support was a top priority in their offices. Less than half (n = 35 [41.7%]) reported that their institution had a retirement policy. The 5 most common late-career and retirement-related resources offered were emeriti or honorific appointments, academic benefits for retirees, phased retirement, retirement counseling, and financial planning. More than half the respondents noted that the following factors impact faculty retirements: physician burnout (43/75 respondents [57.3%]), decreased grant funding (42/75 [56.0%]), and changes in productivity requirements (38/75 [50.7%]).

Conclusions
These data highlight a distinct, startling gap between the needs of a fast-growing population of late-career faculty and the priorities of their institutions. Faculty affairs/faculty development offices must meet these growing needs.
Parental Report of Self and Child Worry During Acute Pain
Authors: Mamedova Khuraman , Pillai Riddell Rebecca R. , DiLorenzo Miranda G. , Flora David B. , Garfield Hartley , Greenberg Saul 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine which variables predict parental postvaccination pain ratings. It was hypothesized that after child behavior, parental sensitivity, and parental reports of worry would be the strongest predictors.

Methods:
Data for 215 parent-child dyads were analyzed from a longitudinal cohort at the preschool (4 to 5 y of age) vaccination. Preschoolers’ pain behaviors 15 seconds, 1 minute 15 seconds, and 2 minutes 15 seconds after the painful immunization were observed and rated. Parental sensitivity, as well as parental own worry and their assessment of their child’s worry, were assessed before and after the needle. Three regression models were used to determine the impact of these variables on parental pain assessment.

Results:
Preschoolers’ pain behaviors moderately accounted for variance in parental pain judgment (R

2
=0.23 to 0.28). Parental sensitivity was not a significant unique predictor of parental pain rating at the preschool age. Parental assessment of their own worry and worry about their preschoolers after the needle were critical contributors to parental pain judgment. Post hoc analyses suggest that parents who report low child worry, are more congruent with their child during regulatory phases postvaccination. However, both parents with high and low self-worry had more congruent pain ratings with child pain behavior scores during the reactivity phase.

Discussion:
The study suggests that the majority of variance in parent pain ratings was not predominantly based on preschoolers’ pain behaviors. Parental worry levels and their assessment of their child’s worry were also significant predictors. Clinical implications are discussed.
Intra-articular Radial Head Fractures: A Deceptive Type of Injury
Authors: Dragoni Massimiliano , Sanpera Ignacio , Villafranca-Solano Sandra , Piza-Vallespir Gabriel , Salom Marta 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Isolated intra-articular radial head (IARH) fractures in skeletally immature patients represent a rare injury. Despite their initial benign radiologic appearance, these fractures are at risk for progressive radial head subluxation and may end with degenerative irreversible changes of the radiocapitellar joint. The aim of this study is to highlight the seriousness of these injuries and the importance of early diagnosis and a proper follow-up to achieve optimal outcomes.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 6 patients with IARH fractures treated at our institution between 2011 and 2016. All patients presented with Salter-Harris types III or IV fracture. Five of 6 fractures were initially undisplaced. Treatment, clinical, and radiographic results were analyzed. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to treatment: patients included in group A were treated conservatively, whereas patients of group B were treated with early surgery. The final functional outcome was assessed using the Oxford Elbow Score (OES). The Broberg-Morrey classification was used for the radiographic results.

Results:
Group A included 3 patients (average age, 11±2 y). They developed an initially missed posterior subluxation of the radiocapitellar joint that caused to all of them a painful elbow and limited range of motion (ROM). Despite rescue surgery, they all presented with limited ROM at the final follow-up, although no functional limitations (OES, 46.3±2.9). The radiographs showed early degenerative changes. Group B included 3 patients (average age, 11±1 y) all treated surgically within 1 week from the injury. They showed no limitation of ROM and good functional (OES, 47.7) and radiologic outcomes.

Conclusions:
IARH fractures in skeletally immature children are deceptive injuries which are often underestimated. Surgeons should be aware of these fractures, especially when a discrepancy between the clinical signs and symptoms, and the radiologic appearance exists, as this may be the only red flag that allows their identification in the acute setting. An early and accurate diagnosis followed by prompt and more aggressive treatment when necessary is mandatory for successful results.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—case series.
Complications of Cosmetic Surgery Abroad – Cost Analysis and Patient Perception
Authors: Farid Mohammed , Nikkhah Dariush , Little Max , Edwards Daren , Needham Wendy , Shibu Mohamed 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Cosmetic surgery tourism is rapidly becoming more prevalent in the United Kingdom. We aim to identify the motivational factors underlying patients’ decisions to go abroad for their treatment and gather information about the ensuing complications.

Methods:
A retrospective review (January 2013–August 2017) was conducted of patients seen at a single major trauma center for complications from cosmetic surgery performed overseas. Cost analysis was performed based on national tariffs. Complications were grouped based on Clavien-Dindo classification and the Clinical Commissioning Group cost. A telephone survey was conducted to evaluate reasons for travel, details of complications, and impression of healthcare at home and abroad.

Results:
A total of 20 patients (one male, 19 females) with a mean age 36 years (23–59 years) were included. Lower cost was the most popular reason for travel, followed by lack of expertise and friend’s recommendation. Abdominoplasty (n = 9) had the highest number of complications followed by gluteal augmentation (n = 7). All major complications were due to gluteal augmentation (n = 4). The cost was for minor (n = 8, £3,448), intermediate (n = 8, £18,271), and major (n = 4, £42,083.59) complications.

Conclusions:
We raise serious concerns about the lack of regulation in cosmetic tourism and the absence of patient follow-up abroad. A particular concern was all gluteal augmentation cases had major complications. An international consensus to regulate surgical practice abroad is crucial to protect patients’ interests and promote safe cosmetic surgery.
Mastectomy in Transgender and Cisgender Patients: A Comparative Analysis of Epidemiology and Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Cuccolo Nicholas G. , Kang Christine O. , Boskey Elizabeth R. , Ibrahim Ahmed M.S. , Blankensteijn Louise L. , Taghinia Amir , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. , Ganor Oren 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Mastectomy is a commonly requested procedure in the transmasculine population and has been shown to improve quality of life, although there is limited research on safety. The aim of this study was to provide a nationwide assessment of epidemiology and postoperative outcomes following masculinizing mastectomy and compare them with outcomes following mastectomy for cancer prophylaxis and gynecomastia correction in cisgender patients.

Methods:
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database from 2005 to 2017 was queried using International Classification of Diseases and Current Procedural Terminology codes to create cohorts of mastectomies for 3 indications: transmasculine chest reconstruction, cancer risk-reduction (CRRM), and gynecomastia treatment (GM). Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and postoperative complications were compared between the 3 cohorts. Multivariable regression analysis was used to control for confounders.

Results:
A total of 4,170 mastectomies were identified, of which 14.8% (n = 591) were transmasculine, 17.6% (n = 701) were CRRM, and 67.6% (n = 2,692) were GM. Plastic surgeons performed the majority of transmasculine cases (85.3%), compared with the general surgeons in the CRRM (97.9%) and GM (73.7%) cohorts. All-cause complication rates in the transmasculine, CRRM, and GM cohorts were 4.7%, 10.4%, and 3.7%, respectively. After controlling for confounding variables, transgender males were not at an increased risk for all-cause or wound complications. Multivariable regression identified BMI as a predictor of all-cause and wound complications.

Conclusion:
Mastectomy is a safe and efficacious procedure for treating gender dysphoria in the transgender male, with an acceptable and reassuring complication profile similar to that seen in cisgender patients who approximate either the natal sex characteristics or the new hormonal environment.
The impact of interpersonal support, supervisory support, and employee engagement on employee turnover intentions: Differences between financially distressed and highly financially distressed hospitals
Authors: Boakye Kwabena G. , Apenteng Bettye A. , Hanna Mark D. , Kimsey Linda , Mase William A. , Opoku Samuel T. , Owens Charles , Peden Angela 
Published: June 2019

Background
Critical access hospitals (CAHs) are small hospitals in rural communities in the United States. Because of changes in rural population demographics, legacy financial obligations, and/or structural issues in the U.S. health care system, many of these institutions are financially distressed. Indeed, many have closed due to their inability to maintain financial viability, resulting in a health care and economic crisis for their communities. Employee recruitment, retention, and turnover are critical to the performance of these hospitals. There is limited empirical study of the factors that influence turnover in such institutions.

Purpose
The primary purpose of the study was to study relationships between interpersonal support, supervisory support, employee engagement, and employee turnover intentions in CAHs. A secondary purpose was to study how financial distress affects these relationships.

Methodology
Based on a survey of CAH employees (n = 218), the article utilizes mediated moderation analysis of a structural equation model.

Results
Interpersonal support and supervisory support are positively associated with employee engagement, whereas employee engagement mediates the relationships between both interpersonal support and supervisory support and employee turnover intentions. Statistically significant differences are found between these relationships in financially distressed and highly financially distressed institutions.

Conclusions
Our results are consistent with the social exchange theory upon which our hypotheses and model are built and demonstrate the value of using the degree of organizational financial distress as a contextual variable when studying motivational factors influencing employee turnover intentions.

Practical Implications
In addition to advancing management theory as applied in the CAH context, our study presents the practical insight that employee perceptions of their employer’s financial condition should be considered when organizations develop employee retention strategies. Specifically, employee engagement strategies appear to be of greater value in the case of highly financially distressed organizations, whereas supervisory support seems more effective in financially distressed organizations.
Are community health centers’ chief executive officers’ compensation related to clinical performance?
Authors: Davlyatov Ganisher , Borkowski Nancy , Qu Haiyan , Burke Darrell , Bronstein Janet , Brickman Andrew 
Published: June 2019

Background
Most research of chief executive officer (CEO) compensation in the health care industry has been limited to hospitals. This study expands our knowledge of CEO compensation into the nonhospital areas of the industry, specifically community health centers (CHCs). CHCs are safety-net providers that are an integral part of the U.S. health delivery system for medically underserved populations. Since the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, the federal government has created financial incentives for CHCs to improve care through access and quality performance criteria. To promote quality improvement, CEOs need to set their organization’s priorities. One method used to achieve this goal is to tie the CEO’s compensation to the organization’s quality performance. However, there is a gap in our knowledge if CHCs’ CEOs compensation is associated with quality performance outcomes.

Purpose
The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between clinical performance and CEO compensation in CHCs.

Methods/Approach
Agency, social comparison, and managerial power theories guided this research, which examines the relationship of clinical performance and CEO compensation. Secondary data on Uniform Data System’s CHC clinical performance combined with CEO compensation from Internal Revenue Service Form 990 were analyzed using generalized estimating equations with state and year fixed effects on a national sample of section 330 grant-funded CHCs (N = 984) for the period 2011–2016.

Results
We found no evidence that clinical performance was associated with CHCs’ CEO compensation. Except for race, all other CEO characteristics were positively associated with CEO compensation and in line with previous research. We found that non-White CEOs were compensated more than White CEOs. In addition, further subanalyses revealed that an increase in the highest paid employees’ compensation was associated with an increase in CEO compensation.

Practice Implications
The findings of this study can assist Health Resources and Services Administration improve its assessment policies in funding allocation to CHCs, as well as help board members make informed decisions regarding tying CEO compensation to predetermined performance metrics.
Successful Migration from Radioactive Irradiators to X-ray Irradiators in One of the Largest Medical Centers in the US
Authors: Kamen Jacob , Hsu Wen-Ya , Boswell Brandon , Hill Colin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper summarizes about 9 years of effort by Mount Sinai to successfully migrate completely from radioactive irradiators to x-ray irradiators without compromising patient care or research studies. All the effort by Mount Sinai to permanently remove the risk of malicious use of radioactive materials as Radiological Dispersal Device or dirty bomb is reviewed. Due to the unique characteristics of the cesium chloride (137CsCl) used in irradiators, it is especially susceptible to be used as a dirty bombs. Mount Sinai originally had four of such irradiators. To reduce and eventually remove the risk of malicious use of radioactive materials, Mount Sinai in New York City has taken several steps. One of such measures was to harden the radioactive irradiators to make the radioactive materials harder to be stolen for malicious purposes. By increasing the delay time, the local law enforcement agency (LLEA) will have more time to stop the intruder. Another measure taken was to implement enhanced security in facilities having radioactive materials. We collaborated with the National Nuclear Security Administration and used state-of-the-art security equipment such as Biometric Access Control and 24/7 video monitoring. In addition, a remote monitoring system with alarms was installed and connected to LLEA for constant monitoring and possible intervention, if necessary, in a timely manner. The other measure taken was to limit the number of people who have access to such radioactive materials. We adopted a single person operator method and reduced the number of people having access from 145 people to only a few people. The adoption of such measures has reduced the risk significantly; however, the best way to remove the permanent risk of these radioactive materials that may be used for a dirty bomb is to use alternative technology to replace these high-activity radioactive sources. In 2013, Mount Sinai purchased its first x-ray irradiator to investigate the feasibility of using x-ray irradiators instead of cesium irradiators for research purposes for cells and small mice. The results from comparison studies were promising, which led to the decision of permanent migration of all cesium irradiators to x-ray irradiators. As of January 2018, Mount Sinai successfully disposed all its 137Cs irradiators. At this time, Mount Sinai, as one of the largest health care institutions in NY with about 50,000 employees, has migrated completely to alternative technology and removed the risk of malicious use of radioactive materials permanently.
C-Press Technique to Facilitate Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Surgery in Vitrectomized Patients: A Case Series
Authors: Saad Alain , Awwad Shady T. , El Salloukh Nasrine Anais , Panthier Christophe , Bashur Ziad , Gatinel Damien 
Published: June 2019

Purpose:
To describe an original technique to unfold the graft in vitrectomized eyes undergoing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK).

Methods:
We performed a retrospective chart and video review of successive cases presenting with corneal decompensation in vitrectomized eyes or aphakic eyes in which DMEK or combined DMEK/scleral-fixated intraocular lens implantation was indicated and in which a specific technique [Cornea-Press (C-Press)] was used to unfold the graft. C-Press is characterized by corneal indentation intended to artificially shallow the anterior chamber and allow the graft to unroll. Best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, central corneal thickness, the time of graft unfolding, endothelial cell count, and the incidence of intraoperative/postoperative complications were analyzed.

Results:
Eleven eyes of 11 patients (8 men, mean age: 73 ± 12 years) were included. Corrected distance visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) improved from 1.44 ± 0.23 preoperatively to 0.77 ± 0.36 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.001). Central corneal thickness (CCT) decreased from 644 ± 79 preoperatively to 516 ± 49 μm 6 months postoperatively. The graft unfolding time was 4.4 ± 2.5 minutes. Mean endothelial cell density was 2762 ± 192 preoperatively and 1872 ± 324 cells/mm2 6 months postoperatively. No eye showed intraoperative complications. Rebubbling for partial detachment was needed in 2 cases (18%).

Conclusions:
The C-Press technique enables likely safe and reproducible DMEK surgery in vitrectomized eyes. Further clinical studies with a large number of patients and longer follow-up are required to confirm our preliminary results.