bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial cell wall nanoimaging by autoblinking microscopy
Authors: Floc’h Kevin , Lacroix Françoise , Barbieri Liliana , Servant Pascale , Galland Remi , Butler Corey , Sibarita Jean-Baptiste , Bourgeois Dominique , Timmins Joanna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSpurious blinking fluorescent spots are often seen in bacteria during single-molecule localization microscopy experiments. Although this ‘autoblinking’ phenomenon is widespread, its origin remains unclear. In Deinococcus strains, we observed particularly strong autoblinking at the periphery of the bacteria, facilitating its comprehensive characterization. A systematic evaluation of the contributions of different components of the sample environment to autoblinking levels and the in-depth analysis of the photophysical properties of autoblinking molecules indicate that the phenomenon results from transient binding of fluorophores originating mostly from the growth medium to the bacterial cell wall, which produces single-molecule fluorescence through a Point Accumulation for Imaging in Nanoscale Topography (PAINT) mechanism. Our data suggest that the autoblinking molecules preferentially bind to the plasma membrane of bacterial cells. Autoblinking microscopy was used to acquire nanoscale images of live, unlabeled D. radiodurans and could be combined with PALM imaging of PAmCherry-labeled bacteria in two-color experiments. Autoblinking-based super-resolved images provided insight into the formation of septa in dividing bacteria and revealed heterogeneities in the distribution and dynamics of autoblinking molecules within the cell wall.
Cell-based RNAi screening and high-content analysis in primary calvarian osteoblasts applied to identification of osteoblast differentiation regulators
Authors: Ahmad Mubashir , Kroll Torsten , Jakob Jeanette , Rauch Alexander , Ploubidou Aspasia , Tuckermann Jan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOsteoblasts are responsible for the maintenance of bone homeostasis. Deregulation of their differentiation is etiologically linked to several bone disorders, making this process an important target for therapeutic intervention. Systemic identification of osteoblast regulators has been hampered by the unavailability of physiologically relevant in vitro systems suitable for efficient RNAi and for differentiation read-outs compatible with fluorescent microscopy-based high-content analysis (HCA). Here, we report a new method for identification of osteoblast differentiation regulators by combining siRNA transfection in physiologically relevant cells with high-throughput screening (HTS). Primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts were seeded in 384-well format and reverse transfected with siRNAs and their cell number and differentiation was assayed by HCA. Automated image acquisition allowed high-throughput analyses and classification of single cell features. The physiological relevance, reproducibility, and sensitivity of the method were validated using known regulators of osteoblast differentiation. The application of HCA to siRNAs against expression of 320 genes led to the identification of five potential suppressors and 60 activators of early osteoblast differentiation. The described method and the associated analysis pipeline are not restricted to RNAi-based screening, but can be adapted to large-scale drug HTS or to small-scale targeted experiments, to identify new critical factors important for early osteoblastogenesis.
Heterogeneity of hard skin layer in wrinkled PDMS surface fabricated by Ar ion-beam irradiation
Authors: Lee Seunghun , Byeon Eunyeon , Jung Sunghoon , Kim Do-Geun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe spatial distribution of binding states in the depth direction of a soft polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material was investigated in the hard skin layer formed by Ar ion-beam irradiation. The hard skin layer, typically considered silica-like and homogeneous, was heterogeneous, comprising a topmost layer and an intermediate layer. Impinging Ar ions transferred energy to the PDMS medium by collisional energy transfer, which was maximised at the surface and decreased gradually as the ions penetrated the PDMS. The decreasing energy transfer rate from the surface created a heterogeneous hard skin layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic depth profiling showed the existence of the topmost and intermediate layers. In the topmost layer, scission and cross-linking occurred simultaneously; Si–O bonds showed the dissociated state of SiOx (x = 1.25–1.5). Under the topmost layer, the intermediate layer showed mostly cross-linking, with Si–O bonds showing silica-like binding states of SiOx (x = 1.75–2). The spatial distribution of carbon-related bonds such as C–Si and sp3 C–C also showed heterogeneity, yielding a gradient of bond distribution. A theoretical analysis of the collisional energy transfer rate and displacement per atom showed consistency with the XPS depth profiling results.
A case of behavioural diversification in male floral function – the evolution of thigmonastic pollen presentation
Authors: Henning Tilo , Mittelbach Moritz , Ismail Sascha A. , Acuña-Castillo Rafael H. , Weigend Maximilian 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObvious movements of plant organs have fascinated scientists for a long time. They have been studied extensively, but few behavioural studies to date have dealt with them, and hardly anything is known about their evolution. Here, we present a large experimental dataset on the stamen movement patterns found in the Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae (Cornales). An evolutionary transition from autonomous-only to a combination of autonomous and thigmonastic stamen movement with increased complexity was experimentally demonstrated. We compare the stamen movement patterns with extensive pollinator observations and discuss it in the context of male mating behavior. Thigmonastic pollen presentation via stamen movements appears to be a crucial component of floral adaptation to pollinator behaviour, evolving in concert with complex adjustments of flower signal, reward and morphology. We hypothesize that rapid adjustments of pollen presentation timing may play a significant role in the diversification of this plant group, representing a striking example for the evolutionary significance of plant behaviour.
Proteomics study of human cord blood reticulocyte-derived exosomes
Authors: Díaz-Varela Míriam , de Menezes-Neto Armando , Perez-Zsolt Daniel , Gámez-Valero Ana , Seguí-Barber Joan , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria , Martinez-Picado Javier , Fernández-Becerra Carmen , del Portillo Hernando A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractReticulocyte-derived exosomes (Rex), extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, were initially discovered as a cargo-disposal mechanism of obsolete proteins in the maturation of reticulocytes into erythrocytes. In this work, we present the first mass spectrometry-based proteomics of human Rex (HuRex). HuRex were isolated from cultures of human reticulocyte-enriched cord blood using different culture conditions and exosome isolation methods. The newly described proteome consists of 367 proteins, most of them related to exosomes as revealed by gene ontology over-representation analysis and include multiple transporters as well as proteins involved in exosome biogenesis and erythrocytic disorders. Immunoelectron microscopy validated the presence of the transferrin receptor. Moreover, functional assays demonstrated active capture of HuRex by mature dendritic cells. As only seven proteins have been previously associated with HuRex, this resource will facilitate studies on the role of human reticulocyte-derived exosomes in normal and pathological conditions affecting erythropoiesis.
Overexpression of Different Types of Microbial Rhodopsins with a Highly Expressible Bacteriorhodopsin from Haloarcula marismortui as a Single Protein in E. coli
Authors: Tu Cheng-Hong , Yi Hsiu-Ping , Hsieh Shiang-Yuan , Lin Hong-Syuan , Yang Chii-Shen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMicrobial rhodopsins (M-Rho) are found in Archaea, Bacteria and some species of Eukarya and serve as light-driven ion pumps or mediate phototaxis responses in various biological systems. We previously reported an expression system using a highly expressible mutant, D94N-HmBRI (HEBR) from Haloarcula marismortui, as a leading tag to assist in the expression of membrane proteins that were otherwise difficult to express in E. coli. In this study, we show a universal strategy for the expression of two M-Rho proteins, either the same or different types, as one fusion protein with the HEBR system. One extra transmembrane domain was engineered to the C-terminal of HEBR to express another target M-Rho. The average expression yield in this new system reached a minimum of 2 mg/L culture, and the maximum absorbance of the target M-Rho remained unaltered in the fusion forms. The fusion protein showed a combined absorbance spectrum of a lone HEBR and target M-Rho. The function of the target M-Rho was not affected after examination with functional tests, including the photocycle and proton pumping activity of fusion proteins. In addition, an otherwise unstable sensory rhodopsin, HmSRM, showed the same or even improved stability under various temperatures, salt concentrations, and a wide range of pH conditions. This HEBR platform provides the possibility to construct multi-functional, stoichiometric and color-tuning fusion proteins using M-Rho from haloarchaea.
The extraction of natural scene gist in visual crowding
Authors: Gong Mingliang , Xuan Yuming , Smart L. James , Olzak Lynn A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe gist of natural scenes can be extracted very rapidly and even without focal attention. However, it is unclear whether and to what extent the gist of natural scenes can break through the bottleneck of crowding, a phenomenon in which object recognition will be immensely impaired. In the first two experiments, a target scene, either presented alone or surrounded by four flankers, was categorized at basic (Experiment 1) or global levels (Experiment 2). It was showed that the elimination of high-level semantic information of flankers greatly alleviated the crowding effect, demonstrating that high-level information played an important role in crowding of scene gist. More importantly, participants were able to categorize the scenes in crowding at rather high accuracies, suggesting that the extraction of scene gist might be a prioritized process. To test this hypothesis, in Experiment 3 we compared the crowding effect of three types of stimuli, namely, scenes, facial expressions and letter “E”s. The results showed that scenes could be better categorized than the other two types of stimuli in the crowding condition. This scene gist advantage thus supported our hypothesis. Together, the present studies suggest that scene gist is highly recognizable in crowding, probably due to its prioritization in visual processing.
An in silico down-scaling approach uncovers novel constituents of the Plasmodium-containing vacuole
Authors: Matz Joachim Michael , Matuschewski Kai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDuring blood stage development the malaria parasite resides in a membrane-bound compartment, termed the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The reasons for this intravacuolar life style and the molecular functions of this parasite-specific compartment remain poorly defined, which is mainly due to our limited knowledge about the molecular make-up of this unique niche. We used an in silico down-scaling approach to select for Plasmodium-specific candidates that harbour signatures of PV residency. Live co-localisation of five endogenously tagged proteins confirmed expression in the PV of Plasmodium berghei blood and liver stages. ER retention was ruled out by addition of the respective carboxyterminal tetrapeptides to a secreted reporter protein. Although all five PV proteins are highly expressed, four proved to be dispensable for parasite development in the mammalian and mosquito host, as revealed by targeted gene deletion. In good agreement with their redundant roles, the knockout parasites displayed no detectable deficiencies in protein export, sequestration, or PV morphology. Together, our approach improved the catalogue of the Plasmodium PV proteome and provides experimental genetics evidence for functional redundancy of several PV proteins.
Social media interventions for precision public health: promises and risks
Authors: Dunn Adam G. , Mandl Kenneth D. , Coiera Enrico 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSocial media data can be used with digital phenotyping tools to profile the attitudes, behaviours, and health outcomes of people. While there are a growing number of examples demonstrating the performance of digital phenotyping tools using social media data, little is known about their capacity to support the delivery of targeted and personalised behaviour change interventions to improve health. Similar tools are already used in marketing and politics, using individual profiling to manipulate purchasing and voting behaviours. The coupling of digital phenotyping tools and behaviour change interventions may play a more positive role in preventive medicine to improve health behaviours, but potential risks and unintended consequences may come from embedding behavioural interventions in social spaces.
Capacity and costs for 5G networks in dense urban areas
Authors: Wisely David , Wang Ning , Tafazolli Rahim 
Published: September 2018

A techno‐economic analysis of the 5G enhanced mobile broadband scenario in dense urban areas has been accomplished by radio capacity modelling of probable 5G technologies within a 1 km2 grid representing central London. Different density networks were modelled at 700 MHz (macro network), 3.5 GHz (micro network) and 24–27.5 GHz (hot spots) – together with 802.11ac access points. Using published data on network costs various deployment options have been evaluated for capacity, headline rate and capital expenditure/operating expense. It has been shown that reaching headline rates of 64–100 Mbps everywhere is possible with a number of different technology options. Massive increases in capacity (in excess of 100 Gbps/km2), however, can only be realistically achieved with a millimetre wave (outdoor) and 802.11ac (internally). The cost of deploying such capacity, however, will be several times that of LTE – the authors estimate a 4–5 times increase in costs for a 100 Mbps everywhere network that has ×100 capacity increase over existing LTE networks. The cost of rolling out 5G is becoming an important issue and this work provides one of the few published estimates of the economics of ultra‐high capacity networks.
Direct-Injection Electron Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Metabolomics Method for Analyzing Blueberry Leaf Metabolites That Inhibit Adult T-cell Leukemia Proliferation
Authors: Kai Hisahiro , Uesawa Yoshihiro , Kunitake Hisato , Morishita Kazuhiro , Okada Yoshihito , Matsuno Koji 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMetabolic profiling is often used to identify possible correlations between a compoundʼs metabolic profile and biological activity. Direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry “fingerprinting” is useful for characterizing biological materials. We demonstrate the utility of direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry for metabolic profiling using 100 different extracts of leaves from 20 blueberry cultivars collected at 5 time points from April to December 2008. A qualitative direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry method was used to profile the major and/or minor constituents in the blueberry leaf extracts. Blueberry leaf extracts could be distinguished by principal component analysis based on the absolute intensity of characteristic fragment ions. Twenty cultivars were categorized into four species, and the most appropriate discriminative marker m/z value for identifying each cultivar was selected statistically. Correlated
m/z values indicating the collection month were determined in the same analysis, and air temperature variance factors were extracted from score plots by principal component analysis. We previously reported that blueberry extracts inhibit the proliferation of adult T-cell leukemia cells. Leaves of Vaccinium virgatum collected in December of 2008 exhibited significantly greater inhibition of adult T-cell leukemia cell proliferation than other species. Highly bioactive cultivars or species were identified by direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis of blueberry leaf extracts. The components extracted based on our direct-injection electron ionization-mass spectrometry analyses could be used to construct a model to predict anti-adult T-cell leukemia bioactivity. This is the first study to report a relationship between seasonal variation and bioactivity of natural products using a direct-injection electron ionization-mass
spectrometry metabolomics method.
Implementing Obstetric Venous Thromboembolism Protocols on a Statewide Basis: Results from New York State's Safe Motherhood Initiative
Authors: Friedman Alexander , Ananth Cande , Lavery Jessica , Fleischer Adiel , Chazotte Cynthia , D'Alton Mary ,   for the Safe Motherhood Initiative Venous Thromboembolism Work Group
Published: September 2018

Objective To determine whether a state-level initiative to reduce obstetric venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk affected outcomes and process measures.
Methods In 2013, the Safe Motherhood Initiative (SMI) developed a VTE safety bundle to reduce obstetric VTE risk. A total of 117 of 124 hospitals providing obstetrical services in New York participated in SMI. Data evaluating thromboembolism events (deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism) and thromboprophylaxis process measures were collected from March through November 2015.
Results A total of 107 hospitals, in any individual quarter, reported data on each of the VTE bundle outcomes and measures. Centers that provided low-risk care (Level 1 centers) reported the lowest rate of bundle implementation at the end of the study period (55.6%). Mechanical prophylaxis for a cesarean was common at all centers. Hospitals that adopted the bundle were more likely to provide routine pharmacologic prophylaxis for women undergoing cesarean. The risk of VTE did not differ by bundle implementation.
Conclusion While adoption of the SMI VTE bundle occurred at a majority of centers across New York, uptake was less likely at low-acuity centers. Bundle adoption was associated with implementation of recommended practices. The rare nature of VTE events underscores the need for large data samples to determine the best prophylaxis strategies.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation, and Psychometric Properties of the Danish Version of the Anti-Clot Treatment Scale
Authors: Comuth Willemijn , Lauridsen Henrik , Kristensen Steen , Münster Anna-Marie 
Published: September 2018

Background The Anti-Clot Treatment Scale (ACTS) is a 17-item, 2-factor (Burdens and Benefits), patient-reported outcome instrument to evaluate patient satisfaction with oral anticoagulant treatment.
Objectives This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the English version of the ACTS into Danish and to subsequently validate the Danish version in a population of patients treated with dabigatran etexilate for atrial fibrillation.
Methods The ACTS was translated into Danish and culturally adapted. This prospective phase 4 study included 232 respondents who completed the Danish ACTS after 1 month of treatment with dabigatran etexilate for atrial fibrillation. Psychometric properties were evaluated. For test–retest reliability, the ACTS was measured twice, 2 weeks apart, in a subgroup of 50 stable patients.
Results Generally, a high level of treatment satisfaction was found. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a suboptimal fit for the two-factor model of the original version. Using modification indices of confirmatory factor analysis, a four-factor model had the best fit. Cronbach's α for internal consistency was acceptable at 0.78. There was good test–retest reliability with intraclass correlation at 0.80. Smallest detectable changes (SDCs) for individual patients were 5.89 points for the total ACTS, 5.57 for the reverse Burdens, and 3.34 for Benefits scores. Group SDCs were 0.39, 0.37, and 0.22 respectively. Substantial ceiling effects limit the ability to detect improvement at the high end of the scale.
Conclusion The Danish version of the ACTS has inadequate structural validity. Reliability was acceptable. Ceiling effects challenge detection of improvement of treatment satisfaction in clinical practice in this patient population.
Extremsport
Authors: Ströhle A. 
Published: September 2018

ZusammenfassungEinige Extremsportler wie z.B. Reinhold Messner, Alexander Huber oder Felix Baumgartner sind auch extrem bekannt. Sind Profis oder auch Amateure im Hochleistungssport nicht ebenfalls Extremsportler? Oder gehört zum Extremsport das (Todes-)Risiko dazu? Und was ist mit Ultra-Ausdauersport? Dem interessierten Leser öffnet sich eine Welt voller Extreme. Training, Vorbereitung, Technik, Überwachung und physische und mentale Fähigkeiten tragen mit zur Sicherheit bei, sodass viele der von außen als mit hohem Risiko verbundenen Extremsportarten zwar extreme Anforderungen an den einzelnen (oder ein Team) stellen aber nicht unbedingt mit extremen Risiko assoziiert sind. Systematische Untersuchungen haben in den vergangenen Jahren Alters- und Geschlechtseffekte insbesondere bei ExtremAusdauersportlern untersucht. Psychologische und physiologische Charakteristika von Extremsportlern werden erst langsam systematisch untersucht. Der Mensch ist zu extremen Leistungen fähig, auch im Sport.
Parp3 promotes long-range end joining in murine cells
Authors: Layer Jacob V. , Cleary J. Patrick , Brown Alexander J. , Stevenson Kristen E. , Morrow Sara N. , Van Scoyk Alexandria , Blasco Rafael B. , Karaca Elif , Meng Fei-Long , Frock Richard L. , Tivey Trevor , Kim Sunhee , Fuchs Hailey , Chiarle Roberto , Alt Frederick W. , Roberts Steven A. , Weinstock David M. , Day Tovah A. 
Published: September 2018

Significance
Chromosomal rearrangements are early and essential events in the formation of many tumors. Two distinct end-joining pathways, classic and alternative nonhomologous end joining, can mediate rearrangement formation. Previous studies have shown that genetic factors mediating rearrangements differ significantly between mouse and human cells. Here we show that poly(ADP)ribose polymerase 3 (Parp3) uniquely promotes chromosomal rearrangements in both species. Using next-generation sequencing of rearrangement junctions, we investigated the mechanistic contribution of Parp3 and a closely related enzyme, Parp1, that is also known to promote rearrangements in murine cells. We find differences in the phenotypes of rearrangements in cells lacking Parp3, Parp1, or both, suggesting that these enzymes promote rearrangements through distinct mechanisms and providing insight into this essential mechanism of tumorigenesis.