bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corticohippocampal Dysfunction In The OBiden Mouse Model Of Primary Oligodendrogliopathy
Authors: Radecki Daniel Z. , Johnson Elizabeth L. , Brown Ashley K. , Meshkin Nicholas T. , Perrine Shane A. , Gow Alexander 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite concerted efforts over decades, the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unclear. Autoimmunity, environmental-challenges, molecular mimicry and viral hypotheses have proven equivocal because early-stage disease is typically presymptomatic. Indeed, most animal models of MS also lack defined etiologies. We have developed a novel adult-onset oligodendrogliopathy using a delineated metabolic stress etiology in myelinating cells, and our central question is, “how much of the pathobiology of MS can be recapitulated in this model?” The analyses described herein demonstrate that innate immune activation, glial scarring, cortical and hippocampal damage with accompanying electrophysiological, behavioral and memory deficits naturally emerge from disease progression. Molecular analyses reveal neurofilament changes in normal-appearing gray matter that parallel those in cortical samples from MS patients with progressive disease. Finally, axon initial segments of deep layer pyramidal neurons are perturbed in entorhinal/frontal cortex and hippocampus fromOBidenmice, and computational modeling provides insight into vulnerabilities of action potential generation during demyelination and early remyelination. We integrate these findings into a working model of corticohippocampal circuit dysfunction to predict how myelin damage might eventually lead to cognitive decline.
The HCV genome domains 5BSL3.1 and 5BSL3.3 act as managers of translation
Authors: Romero-López Cristina , Ríos-Marco Pablo , Berzal-Herranz Beatriz , Berzal-Herranz Alfredo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe RNA genome of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) encodes a single open reading frame (ORF) containing numerous functional elements. Among these, the cis-acting replication element (CRE) at the 3′ end of the viral ORF, has become of increasing interest given its dual role as a viral translation repressor and replication enhancer. Long-range RNA-RNA contacts mediated by the CRE build the structural scaffold required for its proper functioning. The recruitment of different cellular factors, many related to the functioning of the translation machinery, might aid in the CRE-exerted downregulation of viral translation. The present data show that the CRE promotes a defect in polysome production, and hinders the assembly of the 80S complex, likely through the direct, high affinity recruitment of the 40S ribosomal subunit. This interaction involves the highly conserved 5BSL3.1 and 5BSL3.3 domains of the CRE, and is strictly dependent on RNA-protein contacts, particularly with the ribosomal proteins RPSA and RPS29. These observations support a model in which the CRE-mediated inhibition of viral translation is a multifactorial process defined by the establishment of long-range RNA-RNA interactions between the 5′ and 3′ ends of the viral genome, the sequestration of the 40S subunit by the CRE, and the subsequent stalling of polysome elongation at the 3′ end of the ORF, all governed by the highly stable hairpin domains 5BSL3.1 and 5BSL3.3. The present data thus suggest a new managerial role in HCV translation for these 5BSL3.1 and 5BSL3.3 domains.
Enhanced spatial focusing increases feature-based selection in unattended locations
Authors: Bartsch Mandy V. , Donohue Sarah E. , Strumpf Hendrik , Schoenfeld Mircea A. , Hopf Jens-Max 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAttention is a multifaceted phenomenon, which operates on features (e.g., colour or motion) and over space. A fundamental question is whether the attentional selection of features is confined to the spatially-attended location or operates independently across the entire visual field (global feature-based attention, GFBA). Studies providing evidence for GFBA often employ feature probes presented at spatially unattended locations, which elicit enhanced brain responses when they match a currently-attended target feature. However, the validity of this interpretation relies on consistent spatial focusing onto the target. If the probe were to temporarily attract spatial attention, the reported effects could reflect transient spatial selection processes, rather than GFBA. Here, using magnetoencephalographic recordings (MEG) in humans, we manipulate the strength and consistency of spatial focusing to the target by increasing the target discrimination difficulty (Experiment 1), and by demarcating the upcoming target’s location with a placeholder (Experiment 2), to see if GFBA effects are preserved. We observe that motivating stronger spatial focusing to the target did not diminish the effects of GFBA. Instead, aiding spatial pre-focusing with a placeholder enhanced the feature response at unattended locations. Our findings confirm that feature selection effects measured with spatially-unattended probes reflect a true location-independent neural bias.
N-glycan Remodeling Using Mannosidase Inhibitors to Increase High-mannose Glycans on Acid α-Glucosidase in Transgenic Rice Cell Cultures
Authors: Choi Hong-Yeol , Park Heajin , Hong Jong Kwang , Kim Sun-Dal , Kwon Jun-Young , You SeungKwan , Do Jonghye , Lee Dong-Yup , Kim Ha Hyung , Kim Dong-Il 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGlycoengineering of plant expression systems is a prerequisite for the production of biopharmaceuticals that are compatible with animal-derived glycoproteins. Large amounts of high-mannose glycans such as Man7GlcNAc2, Man8GlcNAc2, and Man9GlcNAc2 (Man7/8/9), which can be favorably modified by chemical conjugation of mannose-6-phosphate, are desirable for lysosomal enzyme targeting. This study proposed a rice cell-based glycoengineering strategy using two different mannosidase inhibitors, kifunensine (KIF) and swainsonine (SWA), to increase Man7/8/9 glycoforms of recombinant human acid α-glucosidase (rhGAA), which is a therapeutic enzyme for Pompe disease. Response surface methodology was used to investigate the effects of the mannosidase inhibitors and to evaluate the synergistic effect of glycoengineering on rhGAA. Both inhibitors suppressed formation of plant-specific complex and paucimannose type N-glycans. SWA increased hybrid type glycans while KIF significantly increased Man7/8/9. Interestingly, the combination of KIF and SWA more effectively enhanced synthesis of Man7/8/9, especially Man9, than KIF alone. These changes show that SWA in combination with KIF more efficiently inhibited ER α-mannosidase II, resulting in a synergistic effect on synthesis of Man7/8/9. In conclusion, combined KIF and SWA treatment in rice cell culture media can be an effective method for the production of rhGAA displaying dominantly Man7/8/9 glycoforms without genetic manipulation of glycosylation.
Comparative analysis of the Pocillopora damicornis genome highlights role of immune system in coral evolution
Authors: Cunning R. , Bay R. A. , Gillette P. , Baker A. C. , Traylor-Knowles N. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractComparative analysis of the expanding genomic resources for scleractinian corals may provide insights into the evolution of these organisms, with implications for their continued persistence under global climate change. Here, we sequenced and annotated the genome of Pocillopora damicornis, one of the most abundant and widespread corals in the world. We compared this genome, based on protein-coding gene orthology, with other publicly available coral genomes (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Scleractinia), as well as genomes from other anthozoan groups (Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia), and two basal metazoan outgroup phlya (Porifera, Ctenophora). We found that 46.6% of P. damicornis genes had orthologs in all other scleractinians, defining a coral ‘core’ genome enriched in basic housekeeping functions. Of these core genes, 3.7% were unique to scleractinians and were enriched in immune functionality, suggesting an important role of the immune system in coral evolution. Genes occurring only in P. damicornis were enriched in cellular signaling and stress response pathways, and we found similar immune-related gene family expansions in each coral species, indicating that immune system diversification may be a prominent feature of scleractinian coral evolution at multiple taxonomic levels. Diversification of the immune gene repertoire may underlie scleractinian adaptations to symbiosis, pathogen interactions, and environmental stress.
3D MALDI mass spectrometry imaging reveals specific localization of long-chain acylcarnitines within a 10-day time window of spinal cord injury
Authors: Quanico Jusal , Hauberg-Lotte Lena , Devaux Stephanie , Laouby Zahra , Meriaux Celine , Raffo-Romero Antonella , Rose Melanie , Westerheide Leia , Vehmeyer Jost , Rodet Franck , Maass Peter , Cizkova Dasa , Zilka Norbert , Cubinkova Veronika , Fournier Isabelle , Salzet Michel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report, for the first time, the detection and specific localization of long-chain acylcarnitines (LC ACs) along the lesion margins in an experimental model of spinal cord injury (SCI) using 3D mass spectrometry imaging (MSI). Acylcarnitines palmitoylcarnitine (AC(16:0)), palmitoleoylcarnitine (AC(16:1)), elaidic carnitine (AC(18:1)) and tetradecanoylcarnitine (AC(14:1)) were detected as early as 3 days post injury, and were present along the lesion margins 7 and 10 days after SCI induced by balloon compression technique in the rat. 3D MSI revealed the heterogeneous distribution of these lipids across the injured spinal cord, appearing well-defined at the lesion margins rostral to the lesion center, and becoming widespread and less confined to the margins at the region located caudally. The assigned acylcarnitines co-localize with resident microglia/macrophages detected along the lesion margins by immunofluorescence. Given the reported pro-inflammatory role of these acylcarnitines, their specific spatial localization along the lesion margin could hint at their potential pathophysiological roles in the progression of SCI.
Polarization-resolved and polarization- multiplexed spike encoding properties in photonic neuron based on VCSEL-SA
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Xiang Shuiying , Guo Xingxing , Wen Aijun , Hao Yue 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe spike encoding properties of two polarization-resolved modes in vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with an embedded saturable absorber (VCSEL-SA) are investigated numerically, based on the spin-flip model combined with the Yamada model. The results show that the external input optical pulse (EIOP) can be encoded into spikes in X-polarization (XP) mode, Y-polarization (YP) mode, or both XP and YP modes. Furthermore, the numerical bifurcation diagrams show that a lower (higher) strength of EIOP is beneficial for generating tonic (phasic) spikes; a small amplitude anisotropy contributes to wide (narrow) tonic spiking range in XP (YP) mode; a large current leads to low thresholds of EIOP strength for both XP and YP modes. However, the spike encoding properties are hardly affected by the phase anisotropy. The encoding rate is shown to be improved by increasing EIOP strength. Moreover, dual-channel polarization-multiplexed spike encoding can also be achieved in a single VCSEL-SA. To the best of our knowledge, such single channel polarization-resolved and dual-channel polarization-multiplexed spike encoding schemes have not yet been reported. Hence, this work is valuable for ultrafast photonic neuromorphic systems and brain-inspired information processing.
An unconventional hydrogen effect that suppresses thermal formation of the hcp phase in fcc steels
Authors: Koyama Motomichi , Hirata Kenji , Abe Yuji , Mitsuda Akihiro , Iikubo Satoshi , Tsuzaki Kaneaki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIron and steels are extensively used as structural materials, and have three primary phase structures: Body-centered cubic (bcc), face-centered cubic (fcc), and hexagonal closed-packed (hcp). Controlling phase stabilities, especially by the use of interstitials, is a universal method that provides a diverse variety of functional and mechanical properties in steels. In this context, hydrogen, which can act as an interstitial species in steels, has been recognized to promote phase transformation from fcc to hcp. However, we here report a dramatic effect of interstitial hydrogen that suppresses this hcp phase transformation. More specifically, the fraction of hcp phase that forms during cooling decreases with increasing diffusible hydrogen content. This new finding opens new venues for thermodynamics-based microstructure design and for development of robust, strong, and ductile steels in hydrogen-related infrastructures.
Prediction of oil flow and temperature distribution of transformer winding based on multi‐field coupled approach
Authors: Li Longnv , Liu Wei , Chen Hai , Liu Xiaoming 
Published: October 2018

For large oil‐filled transformers, the oil flow and temperature distribution in transformer windings are an essential issue to be addressed. However, the computation of the oil flow and temperature distribution is a complicated engineering problem because of the complex physical structure of the winding area and the coupled effect of electromagnetic, fluid and thermal fields. This study presents a multi‐filed coupled approach to compute and analyse the oil flow and temperature distribution of the winding area for an ODFS‐334 MVA/500 kV single‐phase auto‐transformer. The eddy current losses of the transformer winding discs are computed based on the combined finite element and analytical method, and the computational fluid dynamics based on 3D fluid‐thermal coupled method is used to calculate the oil flow and temperature properties of the prototype. The computation of the oil flow and temperature distribution reveals accurately the hot spot of the transformer. To validate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method, the numerical results obtained using the proposed method are compared with those of the experimental ones.
Impact of natural disasters on the western Hubei power grid and its anti‐disaster enhancement measures
Authors: Cai Defu , Li Xiaoping , Shi Tongqin , Wang Ying , Zhou Kunpeng , Lu Shengwei , Cao Kan , Wang Wenna 
Published: October 2018

The western mountain area of Hubei Province has obvious vertical climate and micro‐climate features. It is a place where natural disasters occur frequently. The natural disasters have recently caused several large‐scale and long‐time power blackouts in the western mountain area of Hubei Province. This study analyses the damage to the power grid with voltage level from 220 to 10 kV in western Hubei Province caused by natural disasters from 2008 to 2016. The influence features of natural disasters on the western Hubei power grid are researched from four aspects, including natural disaster type, grid voltage level, occurrence time of natural disaster and line outage frequency. The causes of damage to the western Hubei power grid are studied from five aspects, including grid structure, design, equipment, construction, operation and maintenance. Also, the anti‐disaster enhancement measures of the western Hubei power grid are proposed from the aspects of grid planning, design, equipment transformation, construction, operation and maintenance. The research results can provide a reference for other regional power grids to carry out research on resisting natural disasters and provide a guidance to improve anti‐disaster ability of the power grid.
Unbalanced power flow algorithm for AC&DC hybrid distribution network with diverse‐controlled VSC‐MTDC converts
Authors: Chen Dehua , Ji Xingquan , Yu Yongjin , Bai Xingzhen , Liu Jinxiao 
Published: October 2018

The paper aims to propose an algorithm to calculate the power flow of an AC&DC hybrid distribution system. AC&DC distribution networks have recently attracted increasing attention, for the distributed generations (DGs) and DC loads can be integrated in DC networks in more simple and flexible ways than AC networks. Many efforts have been made to deal with the power flow problem of hybrid networks, however, the DC‐side power flow's effect on three‐phase unbalanced AC side and the influence to entire distribution system which DG directly connected in the DC side are both not considered. Therefore, this paper discusses the grid architecture with multiple AC&DC feeders. Then, models of VSC‐MTDC, DC/DC converters, DGs, and other elements are formulated for power flow calculation. Furthermore, power flow equations of DC distribution and VSC converters are deduced in detail. As for converters under different control strategies and diverse forms of linking combinations between AC&DC grids, calculating approaches are considered to be of partial differences. Considering these distinct cases, a specific and improved sequential method is employed to compute distribution network's power flow. Simulation results on a modified IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder demonstrate the rapidity, accuracy, and easy‐convergence of the algorithm.
The less significant role of large-scale environment than optical AGN in nearby, isolated elliptical galaxies
Authors: Lacerna I. , Argudo-Fernández M. , Duarte Puertas S. 
Published: October 2018

Context. The formation and evolution of elliptical galaxies in low-density environments are less understood than classical elliptical galaxies in high-density environments. Isolated galaxies are defined as galaxies without massive neighbors within scales of galaxy groups. The effect of the environment at several Mpc scales on their properties has been barely explored. We study the role of the large-scale environment in 573 isolated elliptical galaxies out toz= 0.08.Aims. We aim to explore whether the large-scale environment affects some of the physical properties of the isolated galaxies studied in this work.Methods. We used three environmental estimators of the large-scale structure within a projected radius of 5 Mpc around isolated galaxies: the tidal strength parameter, projected densityηk,LSS, and distance to the fifth nearest neighbor galaxy. We studied isolated galaxies regarding stellar mass, integrated opticalg−icolor, specific star formation rate (sSFR), and emission lines.Results. We find 80% of galaxies at lower densities correspond to “red and dead” elliptical galaxies. Blue and red galaxies do not tend to be located in different environments according toηk,LSS. Almost all the isolated ellipticals in the densest large-scale environments are red or quenched, of which a third are low-mass galaxies. The percentage of isolated elliptical galaxies located in the active galactic nucleus (AGN) region of the BPT diagram is 64%. We identified 33 blue, star-forming (SF) isolated ellipticals using both color and sSFR. Half of these are SF nuclei in the BPT diagram, which amounts to 5% of the galaxies in this diagram.Conclusions. The large-scale environment does not play the primary role in determining the color or sSFR of isolated elliptical galaxies. The large-scale environment seems to be negligible from a stellar mass scale around 1010.6M⊙, probably because of the dominant presence of AGN at higher masses. For lower masses, the processes of cooling and infall of gas from large scales are very inefficient in ellipticals. Active galactic nuclei might also be an essential ingredient to keep most of the low-mass isolated elliptical galaxies quenched.
Intrauterine Fetal Growth Delay During Late Pregnancy After Maternal Gastric Bypass Surgery
Authors: Feichtinger Michael , Falcone Veronica , Schoenleitner Theresa , Stopp Tina , Husslein Peter Wolf , Eppel Wolfgang , Chalubinski Kinga M. , Göbl Christian S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Purpose To investigate intrauterine fetal growth development and birth anthropometry of fetuses conceived after maternal gastric bypass surgery.
Materials and Methods Longitudinal cohort study describing longitudinal growth estimated by ultrasound on 43 singleton pregnancies after gastric bypass compared to 43 BMI-matched controls.
Results In fetuses after maternal gastric bypass surgery, growth percentiles decreased markedly from the beginning of the second trimester until the end of the third trimester (decrease of 3.1 fetal abdomen circumference percentiles (95 %CI 0.9–5.3, p = 0.007) per four gestational weeks). While in the second trimester, fetal anthropometric measures did not differ between the groups, the mean abdomen circumference percentiles appeared significantly smaller during the third trimester in offspring of mothers after gastric bypass (mean difference 25.1 percentiles, p < 0.001). Similar tendencies have been observed in estimated fetal weight resulting in significantly more SGA offspring at delivery in the gastric bypass group. In children born after maternal gastric bypass surgery, weight percentiles (32.12th vs. 55.86th percentile, p < 0.001) as well as placental weight (525.2 g vs. 635.7 g, p < 0.001) were significantly reduced compared to controls.
Conclusion In fetuses conceived after maternal gastric bypass, intrauterine fetal growth distinctively declined in the second and third trimester, most prominently observed in fetal abdomen circumferences. Birth weight and placental weight at birth was significantly lower compared to BMI-matched controls, possibly due to altered maternal metabolic factors and comparable to mothers experiencing chronic hunger episodes.
Efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation of Barrett’s esophagus in the absence of reimbursement: a multicenter prospective Belgian registry
Authors: Vliebergh Joke , Deprez Pierre , de Looze Danny , Ferrante Marc , Orlent Hans , Macken Elisabeth , Christiaens Paul , Mana Fazia , De Hertogh Gert , Willekens Hilde , Bisschops Raf 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Background Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), combined with endoscopic resection, can be used as a primary treatment for low grade dysplasia, high grade dysplasia, and early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in Barrett’s esophagus (BE). The aim of the Belgian RFA registry is to capture the real-life outcome of endoscopic therapy for BE with RFA and to assess efficacy and safety outside study protocols, in the absence of reimbursement.
Patients and methods Between February 2008 and January 2017, data from 7 different expert centers were prospectively collected in the registry. Efficacy outcomes included complete remission of intestinal metaplasia (CR-IM), complete remission of dysplasia (CR-D), and durability of remission. Safety outcomes included immediate and late adverse events.
Results 684 RFA procedures in 342 different patients were registered. Of these, 295 patients were included in the efficacy analysis, with CR-IM achieved in 88 % and CR-D in 93 %, in per-protocol analysis; corresponding rates in intention-to-treat analysis were 82 % and 87 %, respectively. Sustained remission was seen in 65 % with a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 25 (12 – 47) months. No risk factors for recurrent disease were identified. Immediate complications occurred in 4 % of all procedures and 6 % of all patients, whereas late complications occurred in 9 % of all procedures and in 20 % of all patients.
Conclusions Data from the Belgian registry confirm that RFA in combination with endoscopic resection is an efficient treatment for BE with dysplasia or early EAC. In the absence of reimbursement, more rescue treatments are used, not compromising outcome. Since there is recurrent disease after CR-IM in 35 %, surveillance endoscopy remains necessary.