bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weighted Symbolic Dependence Metric (wSDM) for fMRI resting-state connectivity: A multicentric validation for frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Moguilner Sebastian , García Adolfo M. , Mikulan Ezequiel , Hesse Eugenia , García-Cordero Indira , Melloni Margherita , Cervetto Sabrina , Serrano Cecilia , Herrera Eduar , Reyes Pablo , Matallana Diana , Manes Facundo , Ibáñez Agustín , Sedeño Lucas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe search for biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases via fMRI functional connectivity (FC) research has yielded inconsistent results. Yet, most FC studies are blind to non-linear brain dynamics. To circumvent this limitation, we developed a “weighted Symbolic Dependence Metric” (wSDM) measure. Using symbolic transforms, we factor in local and global temporal features of the BOLD signal to weigh a robust copula-based dependence measure by symbolic similarity, capturing both linear and non-linear associations. We compared this measure with a linear connectivity metric (Pearson’s R) in its capacity to identify patients with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and controls based on resting-state data. We recruited participants from two international centers with different MRI recordings to assess the consistency of our measure across heterogeneous conditions. First, a seed-analysis comparison of the salience network (a specific target of bvFTD) and the default-mode network (as a complementary control) between patients and controls showed that wSDM yields better identification of resting-state networks. Moreover, machine learning analysis revealed that wSDM yielded higher classification accuracy. These results were consistent across centers, highlighting their robustness despite heterogeneous conditions. Our findings underscore the potential of wSDM to assess fMRI-derived FC data, and to identify sensitive biomarkers in bvFTD.
Temperature responsiveness of gilthead sea bream bone; an in vitro and in vivo approach
Authors: Riera-Heredia Natàlia , Martins Rute , Mateus Ana Patrícia , Costa Rita A. , Gisbert Enric , Navarro Isabel , Gutiérrez Joaquim , Power Deborah M. , Capilla Encarnación 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to characterize the molecules involved in osteogenesis in seabream and establish using in vitro/in vivo approaches the responsiveness of selected key genes to temperature. The impact of a temperature drop from 23 to 13 °C was evaluated in juvenile fish thermally imprinted during embryogenesis. Both, in vitro/in vivo, Fib1a, appeared important in the first stages of bone formation, and Col1A1, ON and OP, in regulating matrix production and mineralization. OCN mRNA levels were up-regulated in the final larval stages when mineralization was more intense. Moreover, temperature-dependent differential gene expression was observed, with lower transcript levels in the larvae at 18 °C relative to those at 22 °C, suggesting bone formation was enhanced in the latter group. Results revealed that thermal imprinting affected the long-term regulation of osteogenesis. Specifically, juveniles under the low and low-to-high-temperature regimes had reduced levels of OCN when challenged, indicative of impaired bone development. In contrast, gene expression in fish from the high and high-to-low-temperature treatments was unchanged, suggesting imprinting may have a protective effect. Overall, the present study revealed that thermal imprinting modulates bone development in seabream larvae, and demonstrated the utility of the in vitro MSC culture as a reliable tool to investigate fish osteogenesis.
Superior Strength and Multiple Strengthening Mechanisms in Nanocrystalline TWIP Steel
Authors: Kim Jung Gi , Enikeev Nariman A. , Seol Jae Bok , Abramova Marina M. , Karavaeva Marina V. , Valiev Ruslan Z. , Park Chan Gyung , Kim Hyoung Seop 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe strengthening mechanism of the metallic material is related to the hindrance of the dislocation motion, and it is possible to achieve superior strength by maximizing these obstacles. In this study, the multiple strengthening mechanism-based nanostructured steel with high density of defects was fabricated using high-pressure torsion at room and elevated temperatures. By combining multiple strengthening mechanisms, we enhanced the strength of Fe-15 Mn-0.6C-1.5 Al steel to 2.6 GPa. We have found that solute segregation at grain boundaries achieves nanograined and nanotwinned structures with higher strength than the segregation-free counterparts. The importance of the use of multiple deformation mechanism suggests the development of a wide range of strong nanotwinned and nanostructured materials via severe plastic deformation process.
Runx1-Stat3-Tgfb3 signaling network regulating the anterior palatal development
Authors: Sarper Safiye E. , Kurosaka Hiroshi , Inubushi Toshihiro , Ono Minagi Hitomi , Kuremoto Koh-ichi , Sakai Takayoshi , Taniuchi Ichiro , Yamashiro Takashi 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRunx1 deficiency results in an anteriorly specific cleft palate at the boundary between the primary and secondary palates and in the first rugae area of the secondary palate in mice. However, the cellular and molecular pathogenesis underlying such regional specificity remain unknown. In this study, Runx1 epithelial-specific deletion led to the failed disintegration of the contacting palatal epithelium and markedly downregulated Tgfb3 expression in the primary palate and nasal septum. In culture, TGFB3 protein rescued the clefting of the mutant. Furthermore, Stat3 phosphorylation was disturbed in the corresponding cleft regions in Runx1 mutants. The Stat3 function was manifested by palatal fusion defects in culture following Stat3 inhibitor treatment with significant downregulation of Tgfb3. Tgfb3 is therefore a critical target of Runx1 signaling, and this signaling axis could be mediated by Stat3 activation. Interestingly, the expression of Socs3, an inhibitor of Stat3, was specific in the primary palate and upregulated by Runx1 deficiency. Thus, the involvement of Socs3 in Runx1-Tgfb3 signaling might explain, at least in part, the anteriorly specific downregulation of Tgfb3 expression and Stat3 activity in Runx1 mutants. This is the first study to show that the novel Runx1-Stat3-Tgfb3 axis is essential in anterior palatogenesis.
Power generation from microfluidic drops using inorganic silicon dioxide electret film
Authors: Zhu Jianxiong , Wang Hai 
Published: July 2018

This work proposes a microfluidic structure utilising its damping motion for energy harvesting based on a microfabricated electret silicon oxide (SiO2). When the device was subjected to an instantaneous acceleration, the power was generated due to the variable shape of the microfluidic on the electret SiO2 film. The damped wave phenomena came from the variable shape of microfluidic which oscillated back and forth due to inertial forces. With a larger acceleration on the device, the peak value of a short‐circuit current (Isc) and an open‐circuit voltage (Voc) were increasing as a function of linear equation and quadratic equation, respectively. The microfluidic energy harvester reached up to 3 nA of Isc and 0.18 V of Voc with an acceleration 4 m/s2, respectively. Moreover, with a microdrop with dimension 15 mm3 on the inorganic SiO2 film, the work demonstrated that the device can obtain Voc of 0.3 V and Isc of 3 nA with a sliding angle ∼30°, which showed further applications for an angle sensing.
Diameter dependence of the UV light detecting performance of InGaN/GaN nanorods array photodetector
Authors: Kang Yunlong , Wang Ding , Wang Ping , Chen Aiying , Li Huijun , Wang Xianying , Yang Junhe 
Published: July 2018

Vertically aligned InGaN/GaN nanorod arrays with multiple quantum wells (MQWs) was prepared via inductively coupled plasma (ICP) followed by a further anisotropic wet etching method. It was demonstrated that the sizes of nanorods could be easily regulated in the ranges of 330–1090 nm by simply controlling the ICP etch parameters. The morphology characterisation results indicated that these nanorods are of straight and smooth appearance, and the length of nanorods is about 4 μm. Ultraviolet (UV) detectors based on nanorods arrays with different diameters were fabricated, which exhibited fast response/recovery speed and good response. The UV detecting performance was getting better with the decrease of nanorods diameter, which may be caused by the suppression of the dark current. This work provides an efficient route for fabricating the large‐scale vertical aligned MQWs nanorods array and developing their fascinating applications.
Neurootologisches Counseling bei chronischem Tinnitus
Authors: Beyrau Dagmar , Schaaf Helmut , Hesse Gerhard 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnostik und Behandlung des Tinnitus erfordert neurootologische Kompetenz und eine ebenso sachgerechte wie für den Tinnitus-Betroffenen verständliche
Aufklärung.Leitliniengerecht entscheidend ist – entsprechend der Tinnitus-Leitlinien von 2015 – die „Beratung des Patienten durch den betreuenden Arzt hinsichtlich seiner
persönlichen Ätiopathogenese, wie der persönlichen Verarbeitung des Tinnitus, der Prognose, tinnitusverstärkender Faktoren oder das Ohr schädigender
Einflüsse“.Dementsprechend ist das Ziel die „Entpathologisierung des Symptoms Tinnitus und die Erklärung sowie Einordnung in die heute anerkannten wissenschaftlichen
Vorstellungen“ 1.So richtig die Leitlinienvorgabe ist, so schwierig kann es im kassenärztlichen Alltag sein, diese Empfehlungen umzusetzen. Nachfolgend soll daher ein 4- bis
5-schrittiges Vorgehen geschildert werden, dass im ärztlichen Gespräch oder in einer Gruppe die wichtigsten Aspekte leitliniengerecht und verständlich
vermittelt. Ergänzend dazu wird auch auf hilfreiche Aspekte seelischer Gesundheit eingegangen.Hilfreich dabei ist der reduzierte Tinnitus-Fragebogen (Mini-TF12) 2, der unter anderem über die Homepage der Deutschen
Tinnitus-Liga (DTL) kostenfrei ausgefüllt und ausgewertet werden kann.
From Straightforward Gold(I)-Catalyzed Enyne Cyclizations to more Demanding Intermolecular Reactions of Alkynes with Alkenes
Authors: Echavarren Antonio , García-Morales Cristina 
Published: July 2018

Gold(I) complexes are the catalysts of choice for the selective activation of alkynes in the presence of other unsaturated functional groups. In this Account, we present the development of gold(I)-catalyzed intermolecular reactions of terminal alkynes with functionalized alkenes. In particular, we focus on the synthesis of cyclobutenes by asymmetric gold(I)-catalyzed [2+2] cycloaddition and its applications.1	Introduction2	Intramolecular Gold(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis of Cyclobutenes2.1	Role of Cyclobutenes in 1,n-Enynes Cycloisomerizations2.2	[2+2] Cycloaddition of 1,n-Enynes3	Intermolecular Gold(I)-Catalyzed Reactions of Terminal Alkynes with Alkenes3.1	[2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes with Alkenes3.2	Reactions of Propiolic Acid with Alkenes3.3	[2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes with Oxoalkenes3.4	Reaction of Alkynes with Furanes4	Gold(I)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclobutenes5	Concluding Remarks
Freeze-Fracture Studies of Human Blood Platelets Activated by Thrombin Using Rapid Freezing
Authors: Hols Hans , Sixma Jan J , Leunissen-Bijvelt J , Verkley Arie 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn this study the influence of thrombin activation on human blood platelets has been followed by freeze-fracturing electron microscopy using rapid freezing in order to catch the initial changes in shape and the morphological alterations during the process of exocytosis of secretory granules. We found that isolation of the platelets by itself leads to some degree of shape change, which made it impossible to study the resting discoid platelet by rapid freezing.Activation of the platelets by thrombin induced dilation of the “surface connecting system (SCS)” with formation of large vacuoles as a result of fusion of the secretory granules with SCS. No intermediary fusion stages or structures were observed even using rapid freezing. Volcano-like protrusions and the corresponding complementary pits were seen at the SCS. These structures were interpreted by us as fractures through protoplasmic channels crossing the SCS. These channels originate during the swelling of the SCS as a result of the fusion of secretory granules with the SCS.
Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Platelet Protein Induced by Phorbol Ester
Authors: Ishihara Noriko , Nagao Kunihiro , Kobayashi Bonro 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe presence of phosphotyrosine in proteins from washed rabbit platelets was demonstrated by electrophoresis and by alkali stability of phosphorylated polypeptides. The phosphotyrosine content increased about twofold by treating the platelets with PMA in spite of the fact that the specific activity of labeled ATP was unchanged. It was shown that phosphorylated proteins with apparent molecular weight of 48k, 53k and 250k were alkali-stable. Although phosphorylation of 48k protein in platelets was stimulated by 1 U thrombin as well as by 100 ng PMA, only the phosphorylated samples from PMA-treated platelets were alkali-stable. The 48k protein from platelets stimulated by PMA showed the fivefold increase of 32P-tyrosine content as compared with the control. Relatively lower increase of 32P-serine or 32P-threonine, 2- and 1.7-fold respectively, was thereby observed. The differences in time-sequence between 48k and 250k protein of total and alkali-stable phosphorylations suggested that tyrosine phosphorylation of 48k protein is the earliest event after the PM A-stimulation.
Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood: The Role of Thromboxane A2 and Adenosine Diphosphate
Authors: Carter A J , Heptinstall S 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe platelet aggregation that occurred in whole blood in response to several aggregating agents (collagen, arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, adrenaline and thrombin) was measured using an Ultra-Flo 100 Whole Blood Platelet Counter. The amounts of thromboxane B2 produced were measured by radioimmunoassay. The effects of various inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis and the effects of apyrase, an enzyme that destroys adenosine diphosphate, were determined.Platelet aggregation was always accompanied by the production of thromboxane B2, and the amounts produced depended on the nature and concentration of the aggregating agent used. The various inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis - aspirin and flurbiprofen (cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors), BW755C (a cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitor) and dazoxiben (a selective thromboxane synthase inhibitor) - did not markedly inhibit aggregation. Results obtained using apyrase showed that adenosine diphosphate contributed to the aggregation process, and that its role must be acknowledged when devising means of inhibiting platelet aggregation in vivo.
Platelet Membrane Potential: Simultaneous Measurement of diSC3(5) Fluorescence and Optical Density
Authors: Pipili Eva 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe role of membrane potential in the activation of human platelets by thrombin, ADP and PAF was assessed, using the fluorescent probe diSC3(5). Thrombin, ADP and PAF transiently depolarised the platelet membrane by 6-8 mV from its resting level (—70 mV). This depolarisation had a similar time course to that of shape change. The ionophores valinomycin and gramicidin hyperpolarised and depolarised the platelets respectively but did not activate them. In contrast, exposure of platelets to high K+ media both depolarised and caused them to change shape. Removal of Na+ from the suspension media abolished the depolarisation induced by thrombin, ADP and PAF but the platelets under these conditions were still capable of changing shape and aggregating. This result indicates that the observed depolarisation depends on Na+ fluxes. Amiloride or tetrodotoxin did not mimic the effect of Na+ removal suggesting that any Na+ movement involved does not go through the classic “Na+ channel”. Thrombin, ADP and PAF still depolarised the platelet membrane in the absence of added Ca+
+. Under these conditions, however, the membrane did not repolarise. It is evident that all three agents, thrombin, ADP and PAF, change the membrane potential of human washed platelets through a similar mechanism and this change seems to be a consequence of stimulus-receptor interaction (and platelet activation?). A causal relationship however between these events cannot be clearly shown.
Increased Factor VIII Complex in Fulminant Hepatic Failure
Authors: Langley P G , Hughes R D , Williams Roger 
Published: July 2018

SummaryIn 30 patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) all three components of the factor VIII complex were significantly increased (VIIIC = 6.43 ± 1.12 u/ml; VIIIRAg = 3.91 ± 0.25 u/ ml; VIIIvWF = 3.89 ± 0.29 u/ml). There was good correlation between all three parameters in control subjects, but only between VIIIRAg and VIIIvWF (r= 0.67; p <0.001) in patients with FHF. VIIIC was significantly higher than VIIIRAg and VIIIvWF. These results suggest that VIIIC and VIIIRAg are increased by different mechanisms in FHF. These processes may include endothelial cell damage, reduced reticuloendothelial system function and lack of production of inactivating substances by the damaged liver.Platelet adhesion to glass beads was increased in FHF (36.4 ± 5.9% compared to 16.6 ± 2.1%, p <0.01). There was no significant correlation between platelet adhesion and any of the parameters of the factor VIII complex. Thus the increase in platelet adhesion cannot be due to the increase in VIIIvWF in FHF.
White Blood Cell Count and Haematocrit as Predictors of Coronary Recurrence after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Lowe G D O , Machado S G , Krol W F , Barton B A , Forbes C D 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBaseline white blood cell count (WCC) and haematocrit were examined in relation to recurrent coronary events and to all-cause mortality in 2026 persons enrolled in the first Persantin-Aspirin Reinfarction Study (PARIS-1) 2-60 months after myocardial infarction. WCC was strongly related to coronary recurrence (relative risk 3.5 for men with WCC ≥ 9 × 109/1 vs men with WCC < 5 × 109/1) and total mortality (relative risk 2.6). No such relationships were found for haematocrit. WCC correlated also with cigarette-smoking, diuretic use, serum cholesterol and uric acid; however, the associations with coronary recurrence and total mortality persisted on multiple linear and logistic regression analysis including these variables and treatment group (p <0.001). WCC is therefore an easily-measured prognostic variable in survivors of myocardial infarction. Furthermore, we suggest that white blood cells may promote myocardial ischaemia by capillary plugging and/or release of toxic oxygen metabolites.
Potentiation of Adrenaline-Induced Platelet Aggregation by Angiotensin II
Authors: Ding Yu-An , MacIntyre D Euan , Kenyon Christopher J , Semple Peter F 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) alone and in combination with other agonists on human platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2 (TxB2) and cytosolic [Ca2+]i were investigated. ANG II (10™11 - 10™7 M) alone had no direct effect on aggregation, TxB2 production or [Ca2+]i after short- (<2 min) or longterm (30 min) incubation. In contrast, low concentrations of ANG II (10™11 M) enhanced adrenaline-induced platelet aggregation but high concentrations (10™7 M) had an inhibitory effect. Moreover, ANG II (10™11 - 10™7 M) augmented platelet responses to the TxA2 mimetic, U44069. Pretreatment of platelets with flurbiprofen abolished this facilitatory effect of ANG II on adrenaline- but not on U44069-induced platelet aggregation. These results suggest that ANG II stimulation of agonist-induced platelet activation may be due to potentiation of the effects rather than the synthesis of TxA2
The Prevalence of Hereditary Antithrombin-III Deficiency in Patients with a History of Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Vikydal R , Korninger C , Kyrle P A , Niessner H , Pabinger I , Thaler E , Lechner K 
Published: July 2018

SummaryAntithrombin-III activity was determined in 752 patients with a history of venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism. 54 patients (7.18%) had an antithrombin-III activity below the normal range. Among these were 13 patients (1.73%) with proven hereditary deficiency. 14 patients were judged to have probable hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency, because they had a positive family history, but antithrombin-III deficiency could not be verified in other members of the family. In the 27 remaining patients (most of them with only slight deficiency) hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency was unlikely. The prevalence of hereditary antithrombin-III deficiency was higher in patients with recurrent venous thrombosis.
The Appearance of “Exhausted” Platelets at the Time of Stroke in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Umegaki Keizo , Inoue Yasuhide , Tomita Takako 
Published: July 2018

SummaryStroke was induced in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) by NaCl loading. They were killed at 3 weeks and cerebral lesion was confirmed by autopsy. About 2/3 of them had strokes. Platelet count and thrombin-induced aggregation were reduced to 36% and 66%, respectively, compared with the level of those in the healthy SHRSP group which did not have stroke with the same treatment. ADP and serotonin content in platelets diminished by 45% and by 65%, respectively, due to stroke while plasma thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS, lipid peroxides) in the stroke group was two-fold that in the healthy group. Blood TBARS levels were significantly higher in rats with lower platelet serotonin content than in rats with normal serotonin content. These results suggest that marked activation of platelets has occurred due to vascular injuries at the time of stroke with a consequent decrease in platelet serotonin content and increase in plasma TBARS.
Thrombin Activity Appearing on the Vessel Wall After Trauma
Authors: Dryjski M , Olsson P , Swedenborg J 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThrombin activity was assayed on the aortic surface of rabbits after soft tissue trauma or endothelial injury caused by a balloon catheter. The animals were sacrificed by exsanguination 20 minutes or 3 hours after either type of trauma. Thrombin amidolytic activity on the luminal surface of the aorta was measured by exposing it to a synthetic chromogenic substrate.Thrombin activity appeared on the aortic endothelium 3 hours but not 20 minutes after soft tissue trauma. Heparin prevented the appearance of thrombin activity completely only if given just before the trauma. After endothelial injury, thrombin activity appeared on the vascular surface after 3 hours but not after 20 minutes.Thrombin activity appearing on the endothelium after soft tissue trauma may explain posttraumatic thrombotic events. The thrombin activity could, however, also be directed towards activation of protein C in which case an anticoagulant effect is obtained. Thrombin appearing after endothelial injury may enhance reactivity on the damaged vessel wall.