bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of scan time point and volume of intravenous contrast administration on blood-pool and liver SUVmax and SUVmean in [18F] FDG PET/CT
Authors: Braun Timm , Manava Panagiota , Ludwigs Sigrid , Lell Michael , Schoen Matthias 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Aim: To investigate the influence of scan time point and volume of intravenous contrast material in 18F-FDG PET/CT on maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax/mean) in bloodpool and liver. Methods: In 120 patients scheduled for routine whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT the maximum and mean standardized uptake values (SUVmax/SUVmean) in the liver and blood pool were measured after varying scan time-point (delay 0 s-140 s post injectionem) and volume of contrast material (CM; 0 ml, 80 ml, 100 ml of 300 mg/ml of Iodine). Six groups of 20 patients were investigated: (1) without intravenous CM, (2-5) injection of 100 ml CM with a delay of 80 s (2), 100 s (3), 120 s (4), 140 s (5), and 80 ml CM and a delay of 100 s (6). SUVmax, SUVmean, maximum Hounsfield units (HUmax) and average Hounsfield units (HUav) were calculated with the use of manually drawn regions of interests (ROIs) over the aortic arch and healthy liver tissue. Results: SUVmax in bloodpool was significantly higher in group 3, 4 and 6 compared to group 1. Groups 2 and 5 also showed higher mean values of SUVmax, but the difference was not significant. SUVmean in bloodpool was also higher in groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 compared to group 1, but the differences were only statistically significant in group 3. Both SUVmax and SUVmean in healthy liver tissue did not show significant differences when compared to the non contrast-enhanced control group. Conclusion: SUVmax and to a lesser extent SUVmean measured in CM enhanced FDG PET/CT in blood pool could be significantly altered in high contrast CT examinations. This should be kept in mind in PET/CT protocols and evaluation relying on SUVmax and SUVmean, for example when used in the assessment of therapy response, especially in highly vascularized tumor lesions.
Volume/perfusion ratio from lung SPECT/CT
Authors: Knollmann Daniela , Avondo Jerome , Meyer Andreas , Schaefer Wolfgang Michael 
Published: October 2018

SummaryAim: In pulmonary emphysema lung volume reduction procedures (LVRP) can optimize respiratory pump function. Identification of the most affected lobe can be reached using relative lobar volume (relVol) from CT, but this approach disregards the corresponding lobar perfusion. The aim of the study was therefore to establish a new parameter combining relVol from CT and relative perfusion (relPerf) from perfusion SPECT as a single parameter (volume/perfusion ratio (VPR)) to optimize the identification procedure.Methods: As a proof of principle VPR was calculated from hybrid V-/P-SPECT/CT scans from 20 patients with severe pulmonary emphysema (SPE) before LVRP. Lung V-/P-SPECT/CT (Siemens SymbiaT) was done with Technegas and 99mTc-MAA. Quantification of lobar perfusion from scintigraphy and volume from CT was performed using “HERMES Hybrid 3D – Lung Lobe Quantification”. Using normal ranges – from 12 patients with suspected pulmonary embolism and normal lung structure and perfusion – all lobes were classified as normal or abnormal to identify targets for LVRP.Results: Normal values for VPR: right upper lobe 1.09 ± 0.10, middle lobe 1.31 ± 0.31, right lower lobe 0.87 ± 0.08; left upper lobe 1.09 ± 0.11, left lower lobe 0.87 ± 0.12. In the 20 SPE patients there were only 7 lobes with pathological values for rel- Vol, 14 lobes with pathological values for rel- Perf but 31 lobes with pathological VPR.Conclusion: Estimation of VPR from lung SPECT/CT enables a combined view of lobar volume and perfusion with one parameter. In SPE patients VPR allows identifying possible target structures with much higher sensitivity than when using relPerf or relVol alone. The specificity and the prognostic value of this new parameter have to be tested in a clinical trial.
Impact of sialendoscopy on improving health related quality of life in patients suffering from radioiodineinduced xerostomia
Authors: Haufe Sabine , Hohenberger Ralph , Hein Matti , Kratochwil Clemens , Rathke Hendrik , Plinkert Peter , Baumann Ingo , Holland-Letz Tim , Haberkorn Uwe , Flechsig Paul , Bulut Olcay 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Introduction: Xerostomia following radioiodine therapy (RIT) in patients suffering from differentiated thyroid cancer is a common side effect in 2 % to 67 % of patients treated with radioiodine (I-131). In order to evaluate the impact of sialendoscopy on health related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients suffering from therapy induced sialadenitis and xerostomia, we analyzed findings from two dedicated questionnaires (Xerostomy Questionnaire XQ and Xerostomy Inventory XI) in patients before and three months after sialendoscopy. Procedures: In total, 12 patients suffering from differentiated thyroid carcinoma (10 women and 2 men) were evaluated. All patients had experienced conservative management. Patients were offered a sialendoscopy procedure if no major contradictions were present. Patients who denied the procedure formed the control group. Pre- and (three months) postoperative HRQOL was measured with the Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROM) Xerostomia Questionnaire (XQ) and the Xerostomia Inventory (XI), as well as by a pre- and post-interventional salivary gland scintigram. Patients were graded according to their sialendoscopical findings. Results: Interventional group presented with significant improvements in HRQOL measurements regarding XQ and XI-scores three months postoperatively. Control group showed no significant changes in the XQ or the XI scores. Number of RIT and cumulative activity of I-131 did not correlate with higher disease grade in regards to sialendoscopical findings nor did it correlate with higher XQand XI scores. Pre- and post-interventional salivary gland scintigram stated that parotid glands are more severely damaged than submandibular glands (SMG), but no significant scintigraphically changes could be detected after sialendoscopy. Conclusion: Sialendoscopy in patients suffering from therapy induced sialadenitis and xerostomia seems to be beneficial when evaluating the impact on HRQOL. Functional parameters measured by salivary gland scintigram did not show significant changes in post-interventional scintigrams.
Prognostic Value of Pre-treatment F-18 FDG PET Metabolic Metrics in Patients with Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Anus with and without HIV Infection
Authors: Lawal Ismaheel , Ankrah Alfred , Mokoala Kgomotso , Popoola Gbenga , Kaoma Chimbabantu , Maes Alex , Mokgoro Neo , Van de Wiele Christophe , Sathekge Mike 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Aim: To investigate the prognostic value of F-18 FDG PET metabolic parameters in patients with anal carcinoma with and without human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV). Methods: Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean standardized uptake value (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were obtained on F-18 FDG PET/CT images of treatment-naïve patients with locally advanced anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASSC). We compared patients’ characteristics and F-18 FDG PET metabolic metrics between the HIV-infected patients and the HIV-uninfected patients. We did a simple Cox regression analysis followed by a multiple Cox regression analysis to determine factors predictive of death. Results: We studied 33 patients including 21 HIV-infected individuals, mean age = 46.06 ± 12.59, female = 16, males = 17. Median CD4 count among HIV-infected patients was 400.50 cells/mm3 (IQR: 304.0 – 642.25). HIV-infected patients were younger than the HIV-uninfected patients at the time of diagnosis; 38.71 ± 7.98 vs. 58.92 ± 7.88 respectively, p < 0.001. No significant difference in the TNM stage and F-18 FDG metabolic parameters between the two groups. In a simple Cox regression analysis, MTV and TLG were significant predictors of death. Following a multiple Cox regression analysis, MTV and SUVmean were significant predictors of death. The median overall survival was 44.63 (95 % CI: 34.12 – 55.14) among HIV-infected patients versus 54.65 (95 % CI: 45.73 – 63.57) among HIV-uninfected patients, p = 0.415. Conclusion: HIV-infected patients are diagnosed with ASSC at a younger age compared with HIV-uninfected patients. F-18 FDG PET metabolic metrics especially MTV predicts overall survival in patients with ASCC. There is no difference in the overall survival of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients treated similarly for ASSC.
Identifying Associations between Somatic Mutations and Clinicopathologic Findings in Lung Cancer Pathology Reports
Authors: Kumar Nishant , Tafe Laura , Higgins John , Peterson Jason , de Abreu Francise , Deharvengt Sophie , Tsongalis Gregory , Amos Christopher , Hassanpour Saeed 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Objective: We aim to build an informatics methodology capable of identifying statistically significant associations between the clinical findings of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recorded in patient pathology reports and the various clinically actionable genetic mutations identified from next-generation sequencing (NGS) of patient tumor samples.
Methods: We built an information extraction and analysis pipeline to identify the associations between clinical findings in the pathology reports of patients and corresponding genetic mutations. Our pipeline leverages natural language processing (NLP) techniques, large biomedical terminologies, semantic similarity measures, and clustering methods to extract clinical concepts in freetext from patient pathology reports and group them as salient findings.
Results: In this study, we developed and applied our methodology to lobectomy surgical pathology reports of 142 NSCLC patients who underwent NGS testing and who had mutations in 4 oncogenes with clinical ramifications for NSCLC treatment (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, and PIK3CA). Our approach identified 732 distinct positive clinical concepts in these reports and highlighted multiple findings with strong associations (P-value ≤ 0.05) to mutations in specific genes. Our assessment showed that these associations are consistent with the published literature.
Conclusions: This study provides an automatic pipeline to find statistically significant associations between clinical findings in unstructured text of patient pathology reports and genetic mutations. This approach is generalizable to other types of pathology and clinical reports in various disorders and can provide the first steps toward understanding the role of genetic mutations in the development and treatment of different types of cancer.
SSDOnt: An Ontology for Representing Single-Subject Design Studies
Authors: Bermúdez Jesus , Illarramendi Arantza , Berges Idoia 
Published: October 2018

Summary
Background: Single-Subject Design is used in several areas such as education and biomedicine. However, no suited formal vocabulary exists for annotating the detailed configuration and the results of this type of research studies with the appropriate granularity for looking for information about them. Therefore, the search for those study designs relies heavily on a syntactical search on the abstract, keywords or full text of the publications about the study, which entails some limitations.
Objective: To present SSDOnt, a specific purpose ontology for describing and annotating single-subject design studies, so that complex questions can be asked about them afterwards.
Methods: The ontology was developed following the NeOn methodology. Once the requirements of the ontology were defined, a formal model was described in a Description Logic and later implemented in the ontology language OWL 2 DL.
Results: We show how the ontology provides a reference model with a suitable terminology for the annotation and searching of single-subject design studies and their main components, such as the phases, the intervention types, the outcomes and the results. Some mappings with terms of related ontologies have been established. We show as proof-of-concept that classes in the ontology can be easily extended to annotate more precise information about specific interventions and outcomes such as those related to autism. Moreover, we provide examples of some types of queries that can be posed to the ontology.
Conclusions: SSDOnt has achieved the purpose of covering the descriptions of the domain of single-subject research studies.
Clinical Application of 3D-CISS MRI Sequences for Diagnosis and Surgical Planning of Spinal Arachnoid Diverticula and Adhesions in Dogs
Authors: Jovanovik Jelena , Driver Colin , Rusbridge Clare , Tauro Anna 
Published: October 2018

Objective Abnormalities within the spinal arachnoid space are often treated surgically, but they can be challenging to detect with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. 3D-CISS sequences are considered superior in evaluating structures surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) due to the high signal-to-noise ratio, high contrast-to-noise ratio and intrinsic insensitivity to motion with minimal signal loss due to CSF pulsations. Our objective was to describe findings and advantages in adding 3D-CISS sequences to routine MRI in patients affected by spinal arachnoid diverticula (SAD) or arachnoid adhesions.
Material and Methods This article is a retrospective review of medical records of 19 dogs admitted at Fitzpatrick Referrals between 2013 and 2017 that were diagnosed with SAD and confirmed surgically. Inclusion criterions were the presence of clinical signs compatible with compressive myelopathy and an MRI diagnosis, which included the 3D-CISS sequence. Our database was searched for additional 19 dogs diagnosed with other spinal lesions other than SAD that had the same MR sequences. All MR images were anonymized and evaluated by two assessors.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance 3D-CISS sequence appears to improve confidence in diagnosing and surgical planning (Mann–Whitney U-test: p < 0.0005), delineating SAD from other changes associated with abnormal CSF hydrodynamics and providing more anatomical details than conventional MRI sequences. The clinical data in combination with imaging findings would limit over interpretation, when concurrent pathology within the arachnoid space is present.
Displacement of an Ununited Medial Humeral Condylar Ossification Centre in the Cat
Authors: Erles Kerstin , Maddox Thomas , Morris Andy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA 2-year-old cat was presented with the complaint of acute-onset non–weight-bearing lameness of the right forelimb. When examined, the cat was of short stature and had multiple joint and cartilaginous abnormalities suggestive of chondrodysplasia. The cause of the acute lameness was radiographically identified as a displaced osseous fragment from the medial portion of the right humeral condyle. The features of the osseous fragment were consistent with an ununited medial condylar ossification centre of the distal humerus. Furthermore, a nondisplaced ununited ossified fragment of similar appearance and size was present in the contralateral elbow. Surgical treatment by excision of the displaced fragment resulted in a preinjury level of limb function in the long-term outcome evaluation.
Blackbody Stars
Authors: Suzuki Nao , Fukugita Masataka 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We report the discovery of stars that show spectra very close to blackbody radiation. We found 17 such stars out of 798,593 stars in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spectroscopic data archives. We discuss the value of these stars for the calibration of photometry, regardless of the the physical nature of these stars. This gives us a chance to examine the accuracy of the zero point of SDSS photometry across various passbands: we conclude that the zero point of SDSS photometric system is internally consistent across its five passbands to the level below 0.01 mag. We may also examine the consistency of the zero points between UV photometry of Galaxy Evolution Explorer and SDSS, and IR photometry of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer against SDSS. These stars can be used not only as photometric but also spetrophotometric standard stars. We suggest that these stars showing the featureless blackbody-like spectrum of the effective temperature of 10000 ± 1500 K are consistent with DB white dwarfs with temperatures too low to develop helium absorption features.
Exploring the Origins of Earth’s Nitrogen: Astronomical Observations of Nitrogen-bearing Organics in Protostellar Environments
Authors: Rice Thomas S. , Bergin Edwin A. , Jørgensen Jes K. , Wampfler S. F. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
It is not known whether the original carriers of Earth’s nitrogen were molecular ices or refractory dust. To investigate this question, we have used data and results of Herschel observations toward two protostellar sources: the high-mass hot core of Orion KL, and the low-mass protostar IRAS 16293−2422. Toward Orion KL, our analysis of the molecular inventory of Crockett et al. indicates that HCN is the organic molecule that contains by far the most nitrogen, carrying

of nitrogen-in-organics. Following this evidence, we explore HCN toward IRAS 16293−2422, which is considered a solar analog. Toward IRAS 16293−2422, we have reduced and analyzed Herschel spectra of HCN, and fit these observations against “jump” abundance models of IRAS 16293−2422's protostellar envelope. We find an inner-envelope HCN abundance X
in = 5.9 ± 0.7 × 10−8 and an outer-envelope HCN abundance X
out = 1.3 ± 0.1 × 10−9. We also find the sublimation temperature of HCN to be T
jump = 71 ± 3 K; this measured T
jump enables us to predict an HCN binding energy E
B/k = 3840 ± 140 K. Based on a comparison of the HCN/H2O ratio in these protostars to N/H2O ratios in comets, we find that HCN (and, by extension, other organics) in these protostars is incapable of providing the total bulk N/H2O in comets. We suggest that refractory dust, not molecular ices, was the bulk provider of nitrogen to comets. However, interstellar dust is not known to have 15N enrichment, while high 15N enrichment is seen in both nitrogen-bearing ices and in cometary nitrogen. This may indicate that these 15N-enriched ices were an important contributor to the nitrogen in planetesimals and likely to the Earth.
A Deep Radio Limit for the TRAPPIST-1 System
Authors: Pineda J. Sebastian , Hallinan Gregg 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The first nearby very-low-mass star–planet-host discovered, TRAPPIST-1, presents not only a unique opportunity for studying a system of multiple terrestrial planets, but a means to probe magnetospheric interactions between a star at the end of the main sequence and its close-in satellites. This encompasses both the possibility of persistent coronal solar-like activity, despite cool atmospheric temperatures, and the presence of large-scale magnetospheric currents, similar to what is seen in the Jovian system. Significantly, the current systems include a crucial role for close-in planetary satellites analogous to the role played by the Galilean satellites around Jupiter. We present the first radio observations of the seven-planet TRAPPIST-1 system using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, looking for both highly circularly polarized radio emission and/or persistent quiescent emissions. We measure a broadband upper flux density limit of <8.1 μJy across 4–8 GHz, and place these observations both in the context of expectations for stellar radio emission, and the possible electrodynamic engines driving strong radio emissions in very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs, with implications for future radio surveys of TRAPPIST-1 like planet-hosts. We conclude that the magnetic activity of TRAPPIST-1 is predominantly coronal and does not behave like the strong radio emitters at the stellar/substellar boundary. We further discuss the potential importance of magnetic field topology and rotation rates, demonstrating that a TRAPPIST-1 like planetary system around a rapidly rotating very-low-mass star can generate emission consistent with the observed radio luminosities of very-low-mass stars and brown dwarfs.
Mode Changing and Giant Pulses in the Millisecond Pulsar PSR B1957+20
Authors: Mahajan Nikhil , van Kerkwijk Marten H. , Main Robert , Pen Ue-Li 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Many radio pulsars have stable pulse profiles, but some exhibit mode changing where the profile switches between two or more quasi-stable modes of emission. So far, these effects had only been seen in relatively slow pulsars, but we show here that the pulse profile of PSR B1957+20, a millisecond pulsar, switches between two modes, with a typical time between mode changes of only 1.7 s (or ∼1000 rotations), the shortest observed to date. The two modes differ in both intensity and polarization, with relatively large differences in the interpulse and much more modest ones in the main pulse. We find that the changes in the interpulse precede those in the main pulse by ∼25 ms, placing an empirical constraint on the timescale over which mode changes occurs. We also find that the properties of the giant pulses emitted by PSR B1957+20 are correlated with the mode of the regular emission: their rate and the rotational phase at which they are emitted both depend on mode. Furthermore, the energy distribution of the giant pulses emitted near the main pulse depends on mode as well. We discuss the ramifications for our understanding of the radio emission mechanisms as well as for pulsar timing experiments.
Grigorij Vinokur et la « culture de la langue »
Authors: Archaimbault Sylvie 
Published: October 2018

Au début de l’année 1923, alors qu’il préside le Cercle linguistique de Moscou, Grigorij Vinokur entame l’élaboration de sa réflexion sur la « culture de la langue ». Un premier article intitulé « Kul’tura jazyka (Zadači sovremennogo jazykoznanija) » [« La culture de la langue (Les tâches de la linguistique contemporaine) »] paraît dans la revue Pečat’ i revoljucija (La presse et la révolution). Dans cet article, qui constitue la trame de son ouvrage éponyme de 1925, Vinokur s’appuie sur une lecture attentive du Cours de linguistique générale de Ferdinand de Saussure (1916) pour développer une vision de la langue comme fait social et promouvoir l’étude de la « méthode statique », autrement dit l’étude synchronique de la langue. Poussant l’analyse dans une voie techniciste en vogue pendant l’époque post-révolutionnaire, il avance l’idée que « la langue n’est pas un organisme, mais une organisation ». La langue est en outre susceptible de subir des transformations venues de l’extérieur, en l’occurrence des opérations de déconstruction et reconstruction rationnelles des différents éléments vivants qui la constituent.
Considérations sur la « branche cadette » du formalisme russe : Mixail Gasparov, Boris Jarxo, Gustav Špet
Authors: Avtonomova Natalia , Berelowitch Alexis , Depretto Catherine 
Published: October 2018

La branche moscovite du formalisme russe est étudiée à partir de l’exemple des conceptions de Boris Jarxo (1889-1942) et des suites, tant pratiques que théoriques, que leur a données Mixail Gasparov (1935-2005). Gasparov, un des plus éminents spécialistes de philologie classique en Russie, traducteur et théoricien du vers, reprenait la distinction établie par Jarxo entre science et non-science en affirmant que la science n’était pas « une forme de la connaissance mais une forme d’exposition de cette dernière » : les idées peuvent naître d’une intuition ou d’une révélation, mais la tâche de la science est de répondre de l’exposé articulé des résultats de la connaissance, soumis au régime de la preuve et non de la conviction. Gasparov usait des principes de Jarxo comme d’une évidence. Or, selon un certain nombre d’historiens de la science, ces idées ont été empruntées par Jarxo à Gustav Špet (1879-1937). L’article examine la confrontation Špet / Jarxo, qui prend la forme d’oppositions du type science / création, science / art, recherche scientifique / art et même, sur un plan personnel, l’opposition affirmation / effacement de soi. L’article s’appuie sur la correspondance Mixail Gasparov-Nina Braginskaja et sur leur appréciation d’Ol’ga Frejdenberg ou de Mixail Baxtin.