bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the bacterial community across the gastrointestinal tract of goats: Composition and potential function
Authors: Wang Lizhi , Jin Lei , Xue Bai , Wang Zhisheng , Peng Quanhui 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe composition and function of the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) have increasingly captured the attention of nutritionists because these traits affect the nutrient utilization efficiency and health of host animals. Little information has been reported on these aspects of the goat GIT. This study used 12 female goats (weighing 20.70 ± 1.60 kg and 10 months of age) to examine the composition and function of the microbiota in the rumen, abomasum, jejunum, cecum, and colon. Total genomic DNA was extracted from chyme samples from different sections of the GIT, and the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR using bacterial universal primers. The amplicons were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq platform, and the biological information was analyzed using QIIME software. A total of 857 genera that belonged to 39 phyla were observed across the goat GIT, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating. Our results revealed significant differences in the composition, diversity, and species abundance of the bacterial communities in the different sections of the GIT. However, the compositions of the bacterial communities in adjacent GIT segments showed similarities in addition to differences. The study indicated that there were significant differences in microbial function among the GIT regions. In particular, the relative abundances of genes involved in energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and glycan metabolism were overrepresented in samples from the forestomach, and genes related to energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and glycan metabolism were mainly enriched in samples from the small intestine. Additionally, the relative abundances of bacteria at the phylum and genus levels were significantly correlated with these metabolic functions. In general, there were significant differences in composition and potential function among the bacterial communities in the goat GIT.
CDK6 3'UTR polymorphisms alter the susceptibility to cervical cancer among Uyghur females
Authors: Aierken Kailibinuer , Dong Zhihong , Abulimiti Tangnuer , Zhang Yuanyuan , Abuduxikuer Guzhalinuer , Tuerxun Gulixian , Abudurexiti Guligeina , Maimaitiaishan Aziguli , Mijiti Patiman , Abulizi Guzhalinuer 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimsCyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) plays a crucial role in malignant tumor whereas less is reported in cervical cancer development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CDK6 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) polymorphisms on cervical cancer susceptibility among Uyghur females.MethodsThe genotypes of the six CDK6 variants (rs8179, rs42032, rs42033, rs42034, rs42035, and rs42038) were identified among 306 cervical cancer cases and 310 healthy controls with the Agena MassARRAY platform. The associations of the candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the cervical cancer risk were evaluated under genetic models using conditional logistic regression analysis. Bioinformatics analysis was performed for SNP function prediction with the online databases. The expression differences between tumor tissues and normal cervix samples were also examined by Real‐time PCR.ResultsCDK6 rs8179 and rs42033 were correlated to the decreased risk of cervical cancer in Uyghurs under the allele model (rs8179 and rs42033: OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37–0.99, p = 0.043) and log‐additive model (rs8179 and rs42033: OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.38–1.00, p = 0.047). Rs8179, rs42032, and rs42033 were associated with susceptibility to high‐grade cervical cancer in different genetic models as well (p < 0.05). Dataset‐based analysis also uncovered the potential effects of these significant SNPs. In addition, aberrant expression of CDK6 were detected in cervical tumors.ConclusionsOur results suggested the relationships between CDK6 3'UTR polymorphisms and cervical cancer pathogenesis, and the involvement of CDK6 in cervical cancer development among Uyghur females.
High temporal resolution arterial spin labeling MRI with whole‐brain coverage by combining time‐encoding with Look‐Locker and simultaneous multi‐slice imaging
Authors: van der Plas Merlijn C.E. , Teeuwisse Wouter M. , Schmid Sophie , Chappell Michael , van Osch Matthias J.P. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeThe goal of this study was to achieve high temporal resolution, multi‐time point pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) MRI in a time‐efficient manner, while maintaining whole‐brain coverage.MethodsA Hadamard 8‐matrix was used to dynamically encode the pCASL labeling train, thereby providing the first source of temporal information. The second method for obtaining dynamic arterial spin labeling (ASL) signal consisted of a Look‐Locker (LL) readout of 4 phases that are acquired with a flip‐angle sweep to maintain constant sensitivity over the phases. To obtain whole‐brain coverage in the short LL interval, 4 slices were excited simultaneously by multi‐banded radiofrequency pulses. After subtraction according to the Hadamard scheme, the ASL signal was corrected for the use of the flip‐angle sweep and background suppression pulses. The BASIL toolkit of the Oxford Centre for FMRIB was used to quantify the ASL signal.ResultsBy combining a time‐encoded pCASL labeling scheme with an LL readout and simultaneous multi‐slice acquisition, 28 time points of 16 slices with a 75‐ or 150‐ms time resolution were acquired in a total scan time of 10 minutes 20 seconds, from which cerebral blood flow (CBF) maps, arterial transit time maps, and arterial blood volume could be determined.ConclusionWhole‐brain ASL images were acquired with a 75‐ms time resolution for the angiography and 150‐ms resolution for the perfusion phase by combining the proposed techniques. Reducing the total scan time to 1 minute 18 seconds still resulted in reasonable CBF maps, which demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for practical studies on brain hemodynamics.
Steady‐state double‐angle method for rapid B1 mapping
Authors: Bouhrara Mustapha , Spencer Richard G. 
Published: March 2019

PurposeTo introduce an accurate, rapid, and practical method for active B1 field mapping based on the double‐angle method (DAM) in the steady‐state (SS) signal regime.MethodsWe introduced and evaluated the performance of the SS‐DAM approach to map the B1 field and compared the results to those calculated from the conventional DAM approach. Similar to DAM, SS‐DAM uses the signal intensity ratio of 2 magnitude images acquired with different flip angles using the spoiled gradient recalled echo sequence. However, unlike DAM, in SS‐DAM, these 2 spoiled gradient recalled echo images are acquired with very short TR, which allows substantially reduced acquisition time. Numerical, phantom, and in vivo brain imaging analyses, representing a wide range of T1s and large B1 variation, were conducted. Methods for further accelerating acquisition were also investigated.ResultsOur results demonstrate the potential of the SS‐DAM approach to be applied widely in the clinical setting. B1 maps derived from SS‐DAM were demonstrated to be quantitatively comparable to those derived from DAM but were derived much more rapidly. Large‐volume B1 maps were obtained at a field strength of 3 tesla within clinically acceptable acquisition times.ConclusionSS‐DAM permits accurate B1 mapping in the clinical setting, with whole‐brain coverage in less than 1 min.
Synthesis of a novel polyphosphazene/triazine bi‐group flame retardant in situ doping nano zinc oxide and its application in poly (lactic acid) resin
Authors: Xu Lifeng , Wu Xingde , Li Linshan , Chen Yajun 
Published: March 2019

A novel polyphosphazene/triazine bi‐group flame retardant in situ doping nano ZnO (A4‐d‐ZnO) was synthesized and applied in poly (lactic acid) (PLA). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) were used to confirm the chemical structure of A4‐d‐ZnO. The thermal stability and the flame‐retardant properties of the PLA composites were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning test (UL‐94), and micro combustion calorimeter (MCC) test. The results of XPS showed that A4‐d‐ZnO has been synthesized, and the doping ratio of ZnO was 7.2% in flame‐retardant A4‐d‐ZnO. TGA results revealed that A4‐d‐ZnO had good char forming ability (40 wt% at 600°C). The results of LOI, vertical burning test, and MCC showed that PLA/5%A4‐d‐ZnO composite acquired a higher LOI value (24%), higher UL94 rating, and lower pk‐HRR (501 kW/m2) comparing with that of pure PLA. It indicated that a small amount of flame‐retardant A4‐d‐ZnO could achieve great flame‐retardant performance in PLA composites. The catalytic chain scission effect of A4‐d‐ZnO could make PLA composites drip with flame and go out during combustion, which was the reason for the good flame‐retardant property. Moreover, after the addition of A4‐d‐ZnO, the impaired mechanical properties of PLA composites are minimal enough.
Development of enzymes for robust aryloxyphenoxypropionate and synthetic auxin herbicide tolerance traits in maize and soybean crops
Authors: Larue Clayton T , Goley Michael , Shi Lei , Evdokimov Artem G , Sparks Oscar C , Ellis Christine , Wollacott Andrew M , Rydel Timothy J , Halls Coralie E , Van Scoyoc Brook , Fu Xiaoran , Nageotte Jeffrey R , Adio Adewale M , Zheng Meiying , Sturman Eric J , Garvey Graeme S , Varagona Marguerite J 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEffective management of weedy species in agricultural fields is essential for maintaining favorable growing conditions and crop yields. The introduction of genetically modified crops containing herbicide tolerance traits has been a successful additional tool available to farmers to better control weeds. However, weed resistance challenges present a need for additional herbicide tolerance trait options.RESULTSTo help meet this challenge, a new trait that provides tolerance to an aryloxyphenoxypropionate (FOP) herbicide and members of the synthetic auxin herbicide family, such as 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), was developed. Development of this herbicide tolerance trait employed an enzyme engineered with robust and specific enzymatic activity for these two herbicide families. This engineering effort utilized a microbial‐sourced dioxygenase scaffold to generate variants with improved enzymatic parameters. Additional optimization to enhance in‐plant stability of the enzyme enabled an efficacious trait that can withstand the higher temperature conditions often found in field environments.CONCLUSIONOptimized herbicide tolerance enzyme variants with enhanced enzymatic and temperature stability parameters enabled robust herbicide tolerance for two herbicide families in transgenic maize and soybeans. This herbicide tolerance trait for FOP and synthetic auxin herbicides such as 2,4‐D could be useful in weed management systems, providing additional tools for farmers to control weeds. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical defense against insects in Heterotheca subaxillaris and three Orobanchaceae species using exudates from trichomes
Authors: Morimoto Masanori 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundOne of the roles of plant trichomes is thought to be reducing feeding damage from herbivores. Among trichomes, glandular trichomes play a role in chemical defense systems in plants by means of stored biologically active phytochemicals. These phytochemicals act as pest repellents. They show antimicrobial and insecticidal activities, and they have also been isolated and identified from wild plants.ResultsThe Asteraceae species Heterotheca subaxillaris has many glandular trichomes on the leaf surface, and these contain sesquiterpene carboxylates, which show insect antifeedant activity. Because these sesquiterpene carboxylates are major constituents of glandular trichomes, they may act as a chemical defense in H. subaxillaris. The Orobanchaceae species Parentucellia viscosa also has many glandular trichomes on the leaf surface and produces an insect antifeedant clerodane‐type diterpene, kolavenic acid, in these trichomes. Additionally, two other Orobanchaceae species, Bellardia trixago and Parentucellia latifolia, also have many glandular trichomes, but the constituents of these glandular trichomes did not show biological activities against test insects. However, the seco‐labdane diterpene alcohol trixagol and its hemi‐malonate were major constituents in B. trixago, and these terpenes may act as physical defenses against herbivores by interfering with feeding due to their viscosity.ConclusionThe secondary metabolites from glandular trichomes of H. subaxillaris and P. viscosa showed insect antifeedant activity, and these secondary metabolites were presumed to act as chemical defenses for these plant species. On the other hand, non‐biologically active secondary metabolites produced by two other Orobanchaceae, B. trixago and P. latifolia, were presumed to act as physical defenses due to their viscosity. Defense systems such as these may be applicable to new crop breeding to enhance protection against insect pests. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method (CREAM) at the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)
Authors: Vladykina Svetlana , Thurner Thomas Wolfgang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper studies how Cognitive Reliability Error Analysis Method (CREAM) can add value to the existing Quality Management System at the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. We tested the CREAM framework on a sample of 71 nonconformance reports between 2016 and 2018 from the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Document Management Database. All the nonconformances described in these reports relate to the incidents connected to the welding process of the vacuum vessel components. For failure categories like wrong identification, lack of attention, memory loss, or inadequate planning, CREAM provides additional information to redesign the work space. Moreover, CREAM identified quality control and management control as main underlying weaknesses that cause nonconformities. Future analysis should focus more on organizational error causes and resulting indirect links. Also, the use of a methodology like CREAM needs to be provided as special training by experts throughout all areas of activities.
A Facile Route to Synthesize Micron Size Nearly Spherical Mesoporous Silica Particles
Authors: Li Xuequan , Xing Yufeng , Xu Yingdong , Ji Yu , Shao Li‐Hua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFor many applications as structured packing material, the micron size spherical silica particles with the bicontinuous mesoporous structures are required. Herein, we report a facile route to synthesize the micron size nearly spherical mesoporous silica (MSNSMS) particles. The chitosan is crucial in the synthesis strategy as an adjuvant agent to facilitate the formation of the micron size nearly spherical particles. The MSNSMS particles demonstrate narrow mesopore and particle size distributions with the average particle sizes at 3.6 μm (MSNSMS‐0.5) or 4.7 μm (MSNSMS‐1). The MSNSMS samples possess the large ordered domains of pure bicontinuous mesoporous structure with the interpenetrating cylindrical pores at about 8 nm in diameter. The MSNSMS particles are promising structured packing material candidate for catalyst support applications.
Quantitative and Specific Detection of Exosomal miRNAs for Accurate Diagnosis of Breast Cancer Using a Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Sensor Based on Plasmonic Head‐Flocked Gold Nanopillars
Authors: Lee Jong Uk , Kim Woo Hyun , Lee Hye Sun , Park Kyong Hwa , Sim Sang Jun 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs in exosomes (exosomal miRNAs) have attracted increased attention as cancer biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis owing to their stability in body fluids. Since strong association exists between exosomal miRNA expression levels and breast cancer, the development of effective methods that can monitor exosomal miRNA expression both over broad concentration ranges and in ultralow amounts is critical. Here, a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)‐based sensing platform is developed for the quantitative determination of exosomal miRNAs. Ultrasensitive exosomal miRNA detection with single‐nucleotide specificity is obtained from enhanced SERS signals from a uniform plasmonic head‐flocked gold nanopillar substrate, which generates multiple hotspots and enables hybridization between short oligonucleotides, i.e., miRNAs and locked nucleic acid probes. The proposed SERS sensor shows an extremely low detection limit without any amplification process, a wide dynamic range (1 am to 100 nm), multiplex sensing capability and sound miRNA recovery in serum. Furthermore, this sensor allows reliable observation of exosomal miRNA expression patterns from breast cancer cell lines and can discriminate breast cancer subtype based on the difference between these patterns. The results suggest that this sensor can be used for universal cancer diagnosis and further biomedical applications through the quantitative measurement of exosomal miRNAs in bodily fluids.
High‐Speed Colloidal Quantum Dot Photodiodes via Accelerating Charge Separation at Metal–Oxide Interface
Authors: Jeong ShinYoung , Kyhm Jihoon , Cha Soon‐Kyu , Hwang Do Kyung , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Park Joon‐Suh , Kang Seong Jun , Han Il Ki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWith ever‐growing technological demands in the imaging sensor industry for autonomous driving and augmented reality, developing sensors that can satisfy not only image resolution but also the response speed becomes more challenging. Herein, the focus is on developing a high‐speed photosensor capable of obtaining high‐resolution, high‐speed imaging with colloidal quantum dots (QDs) as the photosensitive material. In detail, high‐speed QD photodiodes are demonstrated with rising and falling times of τr = 28.8 ± 8.34 ns and τf = 40 ± 9.81 ns, respectively, realized by fast separation of electron–hole pairs due to the action of internal electric field at the QD interface, mainly by the interaction between metal oxide and the QD's ligands. Such energy transfer relations are analyzed and interpreted with time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements, providing physical understanding of the device and working principles.
Hollow Colloid Assembled Photonic Crystal Clusters as Suspension Barcodes for Multiplex Bioassays
Authors: Wang Yu , Shang Luoran , Bian Feika , Zhang Xiaoxuan , Wang Shuqi , Zhou Mengtao , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBarcode particles have a demonstrated value for multiplexed high‐throughput bioassays. Here, a novel photonic crystal (PhC) barcode is presented that consists of hollow colloidal nanospheres assembled through microfluidic droplet templates. Due to their gas‐filled core, the resultant barcode particles not only show increased refractive index contrast, but also remain in suspension by adjusting the overall density of the PhC to match that of a detection solution. In addition, magnetic nanoparticles can be integrated to give the barcodes a magnetically controllable motion ability. The encoding ability of the barcodes is demonstrated in microRNA detection with high specificity and sensitivity, and the excellent features of the barcodes make them potentially very useful for biomedical applications.
3D‐Drucken im Stahlbau mit dem automatisierten Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Feldmann Markus , Kühne Ronny , Citarelli Sandro , Reisgen Uwe , Sharma Rahul , Oster Lukas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractDer 3D‐Druck metallischer Bauteile im Pulverbettverfahren findet bisher überwiegend in der Luft‐ und Raumfahrt oder im Maschinenbau Anwendung. Für die Fertigung von strukturellen Großbauteilen, wie sie im Stahlbau zum Einsatz kommen, sind die Laser‐Pulver‐basierten additiven Fertigungsverfahren derzeit zu teuer, um einen wirtschaftlichen Einsatz in Aussicht zu stellen. Hier kann das Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) eine Möglichkeit bieten, den 3D‐Druck von großen Stahlkomponenten zu verwirklichen. Das Verfahren, auch als „formgebendes Schweißen” bekannt, ist in Kombination mit flexibler Robotertechnik und energiearmen Schweißprozessen für das Bauwesen interessant; denn nicht nur durch extrem große Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten, sondern auch durch die Digitalisierung und Einbindung in die computergestützten Entwurfs‐, Planungs‐ und Herstellungsprozesse eröffnen sich neue Möglichkeiten für den Stahlbau. Zudem ist es insbesondere für die Fertigung von belastungsoptimierten Bauteilen sehr gut geeignet. Im Beitrag werden die derzeitigen und künftigen Anwendungsfelder, die Merkmale der Fertigung und die Tragfähigkeiten der erzielbaren Bauteiltypen beschrieben. Darüber hinaus wird über aktuelle Untersuchungen berichtet.
Mindestverdübelung von Verbundträgern im Brandfall
Authors: Pfenning Samuel , Brunkhorst Sven , Mensinger Martin , Zehfuß Jochen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIm Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens „Mindestverdübelung von Verbundträgern bei Brand” [1] wurden auf der Grundlage von numerischen und experimentellen Untersuchungen ein Bemessungsansatz und Anwendungsgrenzen für die sichere Anwendung einer teilweisen Verdübelung von Verbundträgern im Brandfall geschaffen.In diesem Beitrag werden die durchgeführten Untersuchungen sowie die wichtigsten Einflüsse von erhöhten Temperaturen auf Verbundträger und insbesondere die Verbundfuge vorgestellt. Der Schlupf in der Verbundfuge und dessen unterschiedliche Ursachen werden anhand eines Verbundeinfeldträgers im Brand untersucht.Es zeigt sich, dass unter Einhaltung eines Mindestverdübelungsgrads zur Begrenzung der maximalen Verformungen der Verbundfuge die Verdübelung eines Verbundträgers keinen Einfluss auf dessen Tragfähigkeit im Brand hat. Durch die schnell ansteigende Temperatur des Stahlprofils nimmt die Streckgrenze schneller ab als die Tragfähigkeit der Verbundfuge, sodass sich mit steigender Temperatur der Verdübelungsgrad erhöht.Im Weiteren wird ein Bemessungsansatz zur sicheren Anwendung der Teilverbundtheorie im Brandfall auf Grundlage des Verdübelungsgrads sowie auf Grundlage des Verhältnisses zwischen der Betonzugfestigkeit und der Schubtragfähigkeit der Verbundfuge vorgestellt.
Arylamine Based Photoactive Push‐Pull Molecular Systems: A Brief Overview of the Chemistry “Made in Angers”
Authors: Cabanetos Clément , Blanchard Philippe , Roncali Jean 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis mini review aims at taking stock of some arylamine based push‐pull chromophores developed in the “Systèmes Conjugués Linéaires” (SCL) group at the University of Angers. Selected examples highlight more than a decade of design principles and strategies implemented to afford simple and accessible soluble molecular donors as active material for organic solar cells (OSCs).