bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Global Reporting Initiative: do application levels matter?
Authors: Simmons Jr James Michael , Crittenden Victoria L. , Schlegelmilch Bodo B. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeWidespread adoption of reporting frameworks has contributed to current global practices undertaken by firms to report social, environmental and economic impact. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), the most widely used of those frameworks, has produced several generations of guidelines. Their third-generation guidelines (G3), which had the most widespread and long-term use, relied on a series of application levels to convey the quantity and quality of disclosures. The firm’s choice of application level exemplified its corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure strategy. The purpose of this study is to answer the call of scholars for a comprehensive explanation of a firm’s CSR disclosure strategy and suggested researching of the conceptual underpinnings of legitimacy, stakeholder, resource dependence and institutional theories.Design/methodology/approachGiven this call, a comprehensive model is tested that explores relationships arising from these four major theories and the choice of GRI application levels. The model includes four constructs: non-financial corporate characteristics, firm financial performance, stakeholder involvement and environmental turbulence.FindingsUnexpectedly, the findings do not show differences with respect to the theoretical underpinnings of CSR disclosure and the GRI disclosure levels.Originality/valueDespite their widespread use, GRI was concerned that the G3’s application levels could be misunderstood and that the framework needed conceptual improvement. These concerns led to the elimination of application levels with the launch of GRI’s fourth-generation guidelines (G4) in 2013. The findings support the need for conceptual improvement and the discontinuation of the application level system in the G4 guidelines. They also suggest the need for additional research to examine disclosure choices over time, to make understand corporate disclosure strategies.
Australian wine industry competitiveness: why so slow to emerge?
Authors: Anderson Kym 
Published: September 2018

Despite favourable growing conditions, Australia's production or exports of wine did not become significant until the 1890s. Both grew in the 1920s, but only because of government support. Once that support was removed in the late 1940s, production plateaued and exports diminished: only two per cent of wine production was exported during 1975–1985. Yet over the next two decades, Australia's wine production quadrupled and the share exported rose to two‐thirds – before falling somewhat in the next 10 years. This paper explains why it took so long for Australia's production and competitive advantage in wine to emerge, why it took off spectacularly after the mid‐1980s and why it fell in the 10 years to 2016. It concludes that despite the recent downturn in the industry's fortunes, the country's international competitiveness is now firmly established and commensurate with its ideal wine‐growing climate, notwithstanding the likelihood of further boom‐slump cycles in the decades ahead.
Egg Yolk Extracts as Potential Liposomes Shell Material: Composition Compared with Vesicles Characteristics
Authors: Kondratowicz Anna , Neunert Grażyna , Niezgoda Natalia , Bryś Joanna , Siger Aleksander , Rudzińska Magdalena , Lewandowicz Grażyna 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOur aim was to propose simple extraction process to obtain phospholipids along with yolk‐derived vitamins and fats. Five extracts marked as ethanol/acetone, methanol‐chloroform/acetone, hot ethanol, hexane, and cold ethanol were developed and compared. Extracts' compositions were analyzed in terms of phospholipid, polar and nonpolar fraction, cholesterol, carotenoids, and tocopherols content. Further, liposomes prepared from extracts were characterized. The highest extraction efficiency was achieved by a one‐step hexane procedure. However, that sample, in contrast to the other four extracts, revealed distinctively lower permeability when used for liposomes membrane formation. Principal component analysis proved that major components contents were decisive for liposomes membranes permeability, whereas minor constituents’ content controlled zeta potential and Z‐average size.Practical ApplicationLiposomes are nanocarriers widely used in pharmaceutical industry. Due to intravenous route of administration, they have to be produced from phospholipids of very fine purity. On the other hand, there is increasing interest in nanoencapsulation of labile, bioactive substances for manufacturing of health promoting food. Unfortunately, high‐price pure phospholipids are prohibitive for food applications. The use of raw material obtained by simple extraction procedure instead of highly purified phospholipids could be an attractive alternative for food industry.
Effect of root canal debridement on inflammatory cytokine levels
Authors: Soh Jue Ann , Sheriff Sultan Omer , Ramar Nivasheni A/P. , Pulikkotil Shaju J. , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Neelakantan Prasanna , Amalraj Fabian Davamani 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn endodontic infections, inflammatory mediators such as cytokines are released, recruited and retained until the infection is eradicated. Root canal therapy is performed to prevent the spread of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of root canal debridement (cleaning and shaping) on periapical inflammation by measuring the levels of inflammatory cytokines, Interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10). The study includes twenty patients with pulp necrosis and asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Periradicular sample was collected using paper points before and after root canal debridement. Cytokine levels were determined by Sandwich Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Data were analysed using paired t‐test (PASW Statistics 18) (P = 0.05). All samples showed the presence of IL‐8 and IL‐10 prior to root canal debridement. Significantly reduced levels (P < 0.05) of IL‐8 and IL‐10 were detected after root canal debridement. In conclusion, root canal debridement significantly decreased the levels of the tested pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokine in the periradicular interstitial fluid.
Efficacy of different irrigation methods on dentinal tubule penetration of Chlorhexidine, QMix and Irritrol: A confocal laser scanning microscopy study
Authors: Küçük Meltem , Kermeoğlu Fatma 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe aim of this in vitro study was to compare the percentage of penetration of three final irrigant into the dentinal tubules after application of several irrigation techniques. Mandibular premolars were divided into nine groups (n:10): chlorhexidine (CHX) + conventional syringe irrigation (CI), CHX + EndoActivator (SI), CHX + Er,Cr:YSGG laser (LAI), QMix + CI, QMix + SI, QMix + LAI, Irritrol + CI, Irritrol + SI and Irritrol + LAI. Following irrigation, all roots were horizontally sectioned at 2 mm and 5 mm from the apex and examined using a confocal laser scanning microscopy. QMix exhibited a significantly higher penetration percentage than CHX at the apical section (P < 0.05). In the Irritrol group, SI displayed a significantly higher penetration area than CI in the middle section. Statistically significant differences were also determined between middle and apical section (P < 0.05). Use of QMix with different agitation technique seems advantageous in dentinal tubule penetration.
Gene set enrichment analysis of SNP data in dairy and beef cattle with bovine respiratory disease
Authors: Neupane M. , Kiser J. N. ,   the Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex Coordinated Agricultural Project Research Team, Neibergs H. L. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryBovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a complex disease that is associated with infection by bacterial and viral pathogens when cattle fail to adequately respond to stress. The objective of this study was to use gene set enrichment analysis of SNP data (GSEA‐SNP) and a network analysis (ingenuity pathway analysis) to identify gene sets, genes within gene sets (leading‐edge genes) and upstream regulators associated with BRD in pre‐weaned dairy calves and beef feedlot cattle. BRD cases and controls were diagnosed using the McGuirk health scoring system. Holstein calves were sampled from commercial calf‐raising facilities in California (1003 cases and 1011 controls) and New Mexico (376 cases and 372 controls). Commercial feedlot cattle were sampled from Colorado (500 cases and 499 controls) and Washington (504 cases and 497 controls). There were 102 and 237 unique leading‐edge genes identified in the dairy calf and beef cattle populations respectively. Six leading‐edge genes (ADIPOQ, HTR2A, MIF, PDE6G, PRDX3 and SNCA) were associated with BRD in both dairy and beef cattle. Network analysis identified glucose as the most influential upstream regulator in dairy cattle, whereas in beef cattle, TNF was the most influential upstream regulator. The genes, gene sets and upstream regulators associated with BRD have common functions associated with immunity, inflammation and pulmonary disease and provide insights into the mechanisms that are critical to BRD susceptibility in cattle.
Conflict in Jenin
Authors: Forte Tania 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn 2002, Conflict in Jenin scholars talked about the impact of Palestinian‐Israeli tensions and conflict on the West Bank town of Jenin. Among the topics they addressed were the role the media played in the conflict, reporting on incidents of violence, and the varying perspectives on events in the Middle East. Following their remarks, they answered questions from the audience.
3D‐Printed PCL/rGO Conductive Scaffolds for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair
Authors: Vijayavenkataraman Sanjairaj , Thaharah Siti , Zhang Shuo , Lu Wen Feng , Fuh Jerry Ying Hsi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe incidence of peripheral nerve injuries is on the rise and the current gold standard for treatment of such injuries is nerve autografting. Given the severe limitations of nerve autografts which include donor site morbidity and limited supply, neural guide conduits (NGCs) are considered as an effective alternative treatment. Conductivity is a desired property of an ideal NGC. Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) possesses several advantages in addition to its conductive nature such as high surface area to volume ratio due to its nanostructure and has been explored for its use in tissue engineering. However, most of the works reported are on traditional 2D culture with a layer of rGO coating, while the native tissue microenvironment is three‐dimensional. In this study, PCL/rGO scaffolds are fabricated using electrohydrodynamic jet (EHD‐jet) 3D printing method as a proof of concept study. Mechanical and material characterization of the printed PCL/rGO scaffolds and PCL scaffolds was done. The addition of rGO results in softer scaffolds which is favorable for neural differentiation. In vitro neural differentiation studies using PC12 cells were also performed. Cell proliferation was higher in the PCL/rGO scaffolds than the PCL scaffolds. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry results reveal that PCL/rGO scaffolds support neural differentiation of PC12 cells.
Remote sensing of β‐diversity: Evidence from plant communities in a semi‐natural system
Authors: Hoffmann Samuel , Schmitt Thomas M. , Chiarucci Alessandro , Irl Severin D. H. , Rocchini Duccio , Vetaas Ole R. , Tanase Mihai A. , Mermoz Stéphane , Bouvet Alexandre , Beierkuhnlein Carl 
Published: September 2018

AbstractQuestionDo remote sensing signals represent β‐diversity? Does β‐diversity agree with community types?LocationUNESCO Man and the Biosphere Reserve, La Palma, Canary Islands.MethodsWe recorded perennial, vascular plant species abundances in 69 plots (10 m × 10 m) in three pre‐defined community types along an elevational gradient of 2,400 m: succulent scrubland, Pinus canariensis forest and subalpine scrubland. The remote sensing data consists of structural variables from airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and multispectral variables from a time series of Sentinel‐2 (S2) images. Non‐metric Multidimensional Scaling was used to assess β‐diversity between plots. K‐means unsupervised clustering was applied to remote sensing variables to distinguish three community types. We subsequently quantified the explanatory power of S2 and LiDAR variables representing β‐diversity via the Mantel test, variation partitioning and multivariate analysis of variance. We also investigated the sensitivity of results to grain size of remote sensing data (20, 40, 60 m).ResultsThe β‐diversity between the succulent and pine community is high, whereas the β‐diversity between the pine and subalpine community is low. In the wet season, up to 85% of β‐diversity is reflected by remote sensing variables. The S2 variables account for more explanatory power than the LiDAR variables. The explanatory power of LiDAR variables increases with grain size, whereas the explanatory power of S2 variables decreases.ConclusionAt the lower ecotone, β‐diversity agrees with the pre‐defined community distinction, while at the upper ecotone the community types cannot be clearly separated by compositional dissimilarity alone. The high β‐diversity between the succulent scrub and pine forest results from positive feedback switches of P. canariensis, being a fire‐adapted, key tree species. In accordance with the spectral variation hypothesis, remote sensing signals can adequately represent β‐diversity for a large extent, in a short time and at low cost. However, in‐situ sampling is necessary to fully understand community composition. Nature conservation requires such interdisciplinary approaches.
The value of work: Addressing the future of work through the lens of solidarity
Authors: Prainsack Barbara , Buyx Alena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDesigning the future of work is crucial to the health and well‐being of people and societies. Experts predict that developments such as the advancement of digital technologies, automation, and the movement of manufacturing jobs to low‐wage countries will lead to major transformations in the labour market, and some foresee significant job losses. Due to the close relationship between employment and health, major job losses would have significant negative impacts on the health and well‐being of individuals and societies. Job losses would also pose a major challenge to solidaristic support within societies because they would negatively affect the recognition of similarities among people, which is vital for solidaristic practice and institutions. To prevent these negative effects, a fundamental redesign of the relationship between work and income is necessary. And for this project to succeed, we need to reconsider of the value of work. Building on definitions of flourishing people and societies, we argue that the value of work should not be determined by the labour market, but according to its importance for society. Using a solidarity‐based framework we argue that such a re‐valuation of work will help to ensure social cohesion and increase reciprocity in our societies. It will serve as a foundation upon which we can reconfigure the relationship between work and income without risking the loss of social cohesion and solidarity.
Antecedents of team innovation in health care teams
Authors: Moser Karin S. , Dawson Jeremy F. , West Michael A. 
Published: September 2018

We extend previous research on team innovation by looking at team‐level motivations and how a prosocial team environment, indicated by the level of helping behaviour and information‐sharing, may foster innovation. Hypotheses were tested in two independent samples of health care teams (N1 = 72 teams, N2 = 113 teams), using self‐report measures. The examples of team innovation given by the individual team members were then rated for innovativeness by independent health care experts to avoid common method bias for the outcome variable. Subsequently, the data was aggregated and analysed at team level. The study was part of a larger data‐gathering effort on health care teams in the UK. Results supported the hypotheses of main effects of both information‐sharing and helping behaviour on team innovation and interaction effects with team size and occupational diversity. Differences in findings between types of health care teams can be attributed to differences in team tasks and functions. The results suggest ways in which helping and information‐sharing may act as buffers against constraints in team work, such as large team size or high occupational diversity in cross‐functional health care teams, and potentially turn these into resources supporting team innovation rather than acting as barriers.
Asking Children to “Be Helpers” Can Backfire After Setbacks
Authors: Foster‐Hanson Emily , Cimpian Andrei , Leshin Rachel A. , Rhodes Marjorie 
Published: September 2018

Describing behaviors as reflecting categories (e.g., asking children to “be helpers”) has been found to increase pro‐social behavior. The present studies (N = 139, ages 4–5) tested whether such effects backfire if children experience setbacks while performing category‐relevant actions. In Study 1, children were asked either to “be helpers” or “to help,” and then pretended to complete a series of successful scenarios (e.g., pouring milk) and unsuccessful scenarios (e.g., spilling milk while trying to pour). After the unsuccessful trials, children asked to “be helpers” had more negative attitudes. In Study 2, asking children to “be helpers” impeded children's helping behavior after they experienced difficulties while trying to help. Implications for how category labels shape beliefs and behavior are discussed.
The impact of preoperative anaemia and anaemic subtype on patient outcome in colorectal cancer
Authors: Tokunaga R. , Nakagawa S. , Miyamoto Y. , Ohuchi M. , Izumi D. , Kosumi K. , Taki K. , Higashi T. , Miyata T. , Yoshida N. , Baba H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimPreoperative anaemia is associated with adverse outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC). To clarify the reason for this we aimed to comprehensively assess the association of preoperative anaemia with tumour characteristics, host systemic inflammation and nutrition status, and perioperative blood transfusion.MethodWe used an integrated database of 592 CRC patients. The association of preoperative anaemic subtype, calculated from haemoglobin and erythrocyte mean corpuscular volume levels, with patient outcome, preoperative serum data relating to systemic inflammation and nutrition and perioperative blood transfusion was analysed.ResultsPreoperative anaemia was significantly associated with poorer overall survival and relapse‐free survival (RFS); in particular microcytic anaemia had a trend to poorer RFS than other forms of anaemia (P = 0.0648). In addition, preoperative anaemia was significantly correlated with right‐sided tumours, greater depth of tumour invasion, use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, poorer prognostic nutritional index and higher modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). Microcytic anaemia in particular had a strong association with a greater depth of tumour invasion (P = 0.0072) and higher mGPS (P = 0.0058) than other causes of anaemia. Perioperative blood transfusion for CRC patients with anaemia was associated with adverse outcomes.ConclusionsPreoperative anaemia, especially microcytic anaemia, was associated with poor patient outcomes, possibly due to poor systemic inflammatory and nutritional status, and it was not improved by perioperative blood transfusion. Our data suggest that preoperative anaemia and the anaemic subtype may serve as an easily available predictor of outcome in CRC.
Exercise interventions to improve balance for young people with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Maïano Christophe , Hue Olivier , Morin Alexandre J S , Lepage Geneviève , Tracey Danielle , Moullec Grégory 
Published: September 2018

AimTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the effects of exercise interventions designed to improve balance in young people with intellectual disabilities.MethodA systematic literature search was performed on 10 databases. Studies in press or published in English in a peer‐reviewed journal were included if: (1) participants were young people with intellectual disabilities; (2) exercise interventions were designed to improve balance; and (3) they used quasi‐experimental or experimental designs. Studies focusing only on a specific subpopulation of young people with intellectual disabilities or having a specific physical characteristic were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed for randomization, allocation sequence concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases.ResultsThe search strategy identified 937 articles and 15 studies, published between 1991 and 2017, that met the inclusion criteria. Exercise intervention groups showed a significant and larger improvement in static (pooled effect size, Hedges’ g=0.98) and dynamic (g=1.34) balance compared with the control groups. However, although the pooled improvement of static–dynamic balance was large (g=2.80), the result was non‐significant. None of the subgroup analyses were significant, except for the improvement in: (1) static balance (higher in quasi‐experimental than in experimental studies); and (2) dynamic balance (higher in young people with a mild vs a mild–moderate intellectual disability).InterpretationThe reviewed exercise interventions seem to represent an effective means for improving the static and dynamic balance of young people with intellectual disabilities. However, the present findings should be considered as preliminary given the small number of studies and their limitations.What this paper adds

Exercise intervention results in large and significant improvements in static and dynamic balance in young people with intellectual disabilities.

Exercise intervention results in a large but non‐significant improvement in static–dynamic balance.

Static balance improvement was significantly higher in quasi‐experimental versus experimental studies.

Dynamic balance improvement was significantly higher in young people with mild versus mild–moderate intellectual disability.

No significant differences related to age group, balance measures, and components of exercise intervention were found.
Changes in mitral annular velocities after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Park Kyungil , Park Tae‐Ho , Kim Soo‐Jin , Cho Young‐Rak , Park Jong‐Sung , Kim Moo‐Hyun , Kim Young‐Dae 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimsThe early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e′) and mitral E/e′ criteria for clinically evaluating diastolic dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are almost the same as in patients with sinus rhythm. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether e′ is useful to assess diastolic function in AF patients.MethodsThirty patients who underwent successful electric cardioversion (EC) due to persistent AF and who maintained sinus rhythm for 1 month after EC were enrolled in this study. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed on all patients before and 1 month after EC. Standard diastolic parameters, the global longitudinal strain (GLS), and left ventricular (LV) twist were measured.ResultsConventional Doppler parameters measured before EC were not significantly different from 1 month after EC. However, the lateral and septal e′ were significantly decreased 1 month after EC (from 12.8 ± 2.5 to 9.8 ± 2.3 cm/s and from 9.5 ± 1.9 to 7.1 ± 1.5 cm/s, respectively, P < 0.001). Likewise, the lateral and septal E/e′ were also significantly increased 1 month after EC (P < 0.001). The GLS was significantly improved from −15.9 ± 2.2% to −19.4 ± 2.4% after EC (P < 0.001), as was the LV twist (from 5.8 ± 1.7° to 9.1 ± 2.4°, P < 0.001).ConclusionWe demonstrated that e′ was significantly higher in AF compared with during sinus rhythm in the same patients. Thus, in AF patients, diastolic dysfunction should be suspected even when e′ values are normal.