bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitating antibodies to factor VIII/von Willebrand factor in von Willebrand's disease: effects on replacement therapy
Authors: Mannucci PM , Ruggeri ZM , Ciavarella N , Kazatchkine MD , Mowbray JF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Precipitating antibodies to factor VII/von Willebrand factor can develop in patients with severe homozygous-like von Willebrand's disease following multiple transfusions with blood derivatives. This study of 4 patients treated with cryoprecipitate for 13 different bleeding episodes demonstrates that the occurrence of such antibodies interferes with the management of the disease. The control of mucosal bleeding was poor, whereas more favorable responses were obtained in soft-tissue hemorrhages. These findings probably relate to failure of replacement therapy to shorten the prolonged bleeding time. Immediately after treatment, measurement of plasma factor VIII/von Willebrand factor-related antigen and ristocetin cofactor showed either no increase, or very low values, depending on the pre-infusion antibody titer. Levels of the factor VIII/von Willebrand factor-related procoagulant activity in the circulation were also lower than predicted and usually there was no evidence of the delayed and sustained rise typically observed in uncomplicated von Willebrand's disease. An anamnestic rise in antibody titer appeared 6–15 days after treatment and showed no obvious relationship with the amount of cryoprecipitate infused. Replacement therapy invariably caused severe side effects during, or immediately after, concentrate infusion. The results of in vitro studies support the view that these reactions were due to the appearance of circulating immune complexes.
Concomitant administration of granulocyte transfusions and amphotericin B in neutropenic patients: absence of significant pulmonary toxicity
Authors: Dana BW , Durie BG , White RF , Huestis DW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
One hundred and ninety-five series of granulocyte transfusions in 144 patients were evaluated with respect to possible severe pulmonary toxicity from concomitant administration of granulocytes and amphotericin B. Dyspnea as a side effect of granulocyte transfusion was equally common among patients receiving amphotericin B and those in a matched control group not receiving amphotericin B. Granulocyte transfusions and amphotericin B were given simultaneously in 35 transfusion series, involving 32 patients. Respiratory deterioration, defined as the appearance of new pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray, occurred in 11 of these 35 episodes. Patients developing respiratory deterioration were similar to those not developing respiratory deterioration in age, diagnosis, disease status, duration of concomitant therapy, and outcome, but more often had positive fungal cultures as an indication for treatment (91% versus 58%; p = 0.1). In 8 patients, the episodes of respiratory deterioration were readily explained by congestive heart failure, by simultaneous bacteremia or fungemia, or by fungal pneumonia discovered at autopsy. One patient had a leukoagglutinin reaction (responsive to steroids) and the other 2 had unexplained, but reversible respiratory deterioration. We concluded that concomitant administration of granulocyte transfusions and amphotericin B is not associated with unexpected or rapidly fatal pulmonary toxicity and when appropriate, can be safely accomplished.
The behavior of transferrin iron in the rat
Authors: Huebers H , Bauer W , Huebers E , Csiba E , Finch C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The behavior of rat transferrin has been investigated employing acrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. In vitro trace labeling with iron chelates at 30 min was 93%-98% effective, whereas binding by simple ferric salts was reduced to 71%-76%. Complete and specific binding of 59FeSO4 by the iron binding sites of transferrin was demonstrated after in vitro or in vivo addition of ferrous ammonium sulfate in pH 2 saline up to the point of iron saturation. In vitro the radioriron transferrin complex in plasma was stable and its iron had a negligible exchange with other transferrin binding sites over several hours. The distribution of radioiron added in vitro or through absorption was shown to be random between the binding sites of slow and fast transferrin molecule. Iron distribution among body tissues was similar for mono- and diferric transferrin iron and was not affected by the site distribution of iron on the transferrin molecule. The only important aspect of transferrin iron binding was the more rapid tissue uptake of iron in the diferric form was compared to monoferric transferrin. Additional in vivo effects on internal iron exchange were produced by changes in the iron balance of the animal. In the iron loaded animal, monoferric transferrin injected into the plasma was rapidly loaded by iron from tissue and thereby converted to diferric transferrin. Injection of diferric transferrin in the iron deficient animal was associated with a rapid disappearance from circulation of the original complex and a subsequent appearance of monoferric transferrin as a result of iron returning from tissues. These observations support the concept that plasma iron behaves as a single pool except that diferric iron exchange occurs at a more rapid rate than dose monoferric iron exchange.
Rapid procedure for globin chain analysis in blood samples of normal and beta-thalassemic fetuses
Authors: Congote LF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for the separation of the alpha, beta, (A)gamma and (G)gamma chains from human blood samples. The alpha and beta chains were normally eluted close together, but their separation was improved by coupling 2 or 3 columns in series, or by increasing the temperature of the columns. This method has been applied for the determination of beta/gamma ratios in blood samples obtained at fetoscopy from normal pregnancies and fetuses at risk for beta-thalassemia. The values obtained by high pressure chromatography were similar but slightly lower than those found by carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chromatography. The average (G)gamma/(A)gamma ratio of the chains labeled after a 2-hr pulse with [3H] leucine was almost identical to the actual (G)gamma/(A)gamma measured by absorbance at 280 nm, indicating a constant rate of synthesis and accumulation of both globin chains in the first trimester fetus.
Abnormal T-cell subpopulation function in CLL: excessive suppressor (T gamma) and deficient helper (T mu) activity with respect to B-cell proliferation
Authors: Kay NE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
T-cell function directly influences several B-cell functions. The effect of T-cell subgroups on B-cell function (DNA synthesis) was evaluated for controls and patients with B-cell type of CLL. Control and CLL intact T cells, T cells with receptors for IgG (T gamma), and T cells without Fc receptors at isolation (T non-gamma) were admixed with control B cells. Two predominant differences between control and CLL T cells were observed. First, CLL T gamma cells were excessively effective at suppressing B-cell DNA synthesis, and secondly, control T non-gamma cells were more efficient than CLL T non-gamma at promoting control B-cell DNA synthesis. While it is unclear whether the qualitative and quantitative T-cell abnormalities are part of the CLL disease process, it is possible that excessive T gamma cell numbers and function may reflect an appropriate immune response to a malignant B- cell clone.
The activation and inactivation of human factor VIII by thrombin: effect of inhibitors of thrombin
Authors: Hultin MB , Jesty J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The activation and inactivation of human factor VIII by thrombin have been investigated by the use of thrombin inhibitors. The addition of inhibitors to nonactivated factor VIII blocks activation by thrombin. In contrast, their addition to factor VIII activated with thrombin does not block inactivation, but causes an initial period of decay that is more rapid than in the absence of inhibitor. This effect was seen only with protease inhibitors that inhibit thrombin. After the initial decay, low levels of factor VIII coagulant activity persist in the presence of inhibitors, but an assay specific for activated factor VIII showed this to be largely a result of the persistence of nonactivated factor VIII. Only in the case of reversible inhibition is activated factor VIII present in this plateau phase. Possible mechanisms that would account for these observations were studied by iterative computer simulation of model reactions. Two classes were considered: (formula: see text). The experimental results are inconsistent with the first mechanism, which predicts that thrombin indicators should stabilize activated factor VIII (VIIIt). Alternative mechanisms were studied where activation is thrombin-dependent, but inactivation is a first- order reaction (mechanism 2). This family of mechanisms includes those where VIIIt is an VIII. thrombin complex. Simulation of the addition of thrombin inhibitors to such model systems shows the initial rapid decay of activity characteristic of the experimental observations and predicts qualitatively the different effects of reversible and irreversible inhibitors that are observed in the plateau phase. These results argue strongly against a two-cleavage model for the activation and inactivation of factor VII by thrombin and support a one-cleavage model in which inactivation is due to first-order decay. In addition, they provide a plausible mechanistic explanation for the fact that serine protease inhibitors appear to inhibit thrombin-activated factor VIII.
Development of suppressor T lymphocytes for Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-lymphocyte outgrowth during acute infectious mononucleosis: assessment by two quantitative systems
Authors: Schooley RT , Haynes BF , Grouse J , Payling-Wright C , Fauci AS , Dolin R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A system of 3H-thymidine incorporation by lymphocytes in culture for 3 wk has been utilized for quantitative assessment of the ability of T lymphocytes to inhibit outgrowth of autologous Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from EBV-seronegative individuals lack the ability to suppress outgrowth of autologous EBV- transformed B lymphocytes. This capability appears during the course of primary EBV-induced infectious mononucleases (IM) as the atypical lymphocytosis is subsiding and persists for years after recovery from primary EBV infection. The ability of T lymphocytes from EBV- seropositive subjects or convalescent IM patients to inhibit B- lymphocyte outgrowth is not HLA restricted. Thus, T lymphocytes capable of inhibition of in vitro EBV-induced B-cell outgrowth emerge during the acute stage of IM and may represent an important control mechanism of EBV-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation in vivo. The system provides a highly sensitive quantitative means for in vitro assessment of cell- mediated immunity to EBV.
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia: detection and characterization of the responsible antibodies by the platelet immunofluorescence test
Authors: von dem Borne AE , van Leeuwen EF , von Riesz LE , van Boxtel CJ , Engelfriet CP 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Platelet immunofluorescence, together with other serologic tests on platelets, lymphocytes, and granulocytes, was used to investigate the sera of 38 mothers with newborns who suffered from thrombocytopenia. In sera of 33 mothers, platelet-specific IgG alloantibodies were demonstrable. Three sera also contained HLA antibodies, of which two were only detectable in the lymphocyte cytotoxicity test. Two other sera contained granulocyte-specific alloantibodies. In sera of 2 mothers, antibodies were found that reacted with all cell types in all tests. However, after further analysis, it became clear that platelet- specific alloantibodies were probably also present in these 2 sera. In 29 cases, the specificity of the platelet alloantibodies was anti-Zwa-- PlA1. One serum contained antibodies directed against a new antigen, Baka. This new antigen was defined after the investigation of the family and a small-scale population study. Two other sera had platelet antibodies with still undefined specificities. In all positive sera, IgG platelet alloantibodies were detected, and sometimes IgM antibodies were also present. The IgG antibodies were mostly of the IgG1 subclasses, but sometimes IgG3 and/or IgG4 was also found. In a few sera, only IgG3 antibodies were detected. In our series, we found no increased frequency of blood group ABO compatibility between mother and child, although it has been described by others and is well known to occur in rhesus alloimmunization. Of all the tests used, the platelet immunofluorescent test, especially the test on paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets in suspension, gave the best results in the detection of platelet antibodies in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia.
Somatostatin suppresses growth of murine myeloid leukemia in vivo
Authors: Pavelic K , Gabrilovac J , Bozikov V , Pavelic J , Petek M , Boranic M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Daily injections of somatostatin into mice with myeloid leukemia retarded the tumor growth. This myeloid leukemia is an insulin- dependent tumor (in that it grows more slowly in hypoinsulinemic diabetic mice than in nondiabetic animals). Since somatostatin decreased the level of immunoreactive insulin in mice with myeloid leukemia, and since the treatment with insulin abrogated the antileukemic effect of somatostatin, we attribute retarded growth of this leukemia to decreased secretion of insulin, caused by somatostatin.
Increased sensitivity to normal adherent suppressor cells in untreated advanced Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Fisher RI , Vanhaelen C , Bostick F 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Mononuclear leukocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of 10 untreated patients with advanced stages of Hodgkin's disease and 26 normal volunteers were stimulated with allogeneic cells from normal donors in a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture. When the patients' cells were stimulated by an increased number of normal cells, the baseline mixed lymphocyte culture was suppressed 77.1% +/- 4.1%. In contrast, when the normal responder cells were cultured with increased numbers of normal stimulator cells, mean suppression was only 46.6% +/- 4.4% (p less than 0.001), The removal of phagocytic cells from the high concentration of normal stimulators totally abolished the suppression observed with the patients' cells, resulting in a mean increase in stimulation of 84% above that found in the baseline culture. The suppression could also be reversed by depletion of adherent cells from stimulator leukocytes. When adherent and nonadherent stimulator cells were recombined, significant suppression of proliferation was again observed. The increased suppression was not caused by the presence of autologous plasma in patients' cultures, since similar results were obtained utilizing AB serum. The addition of indomethacin to the cultures only partially reversed the suppression observed with the patients' cells. These studies demonstrates that mononuclear leukocytes from the peripheral blood of untreated patients with advanced stages of Hodgkin's disease have increased sensitivity to a normal adherent suppressor cell system.
Inaccuracy in automated measurement of hematocrit and corpuscular indices in the presence of severe hyperglycemia
Authors: Strauchen JA , Alston W , Anderson J , Gustafson Z , Fajardo LF 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Because we recently observed two patients with severe diabetic hyperglycemia and spuriously elevated electronically determined hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume (MCV), we investigated the effect of hyperglycemia on two popular automated hematology systems, the Coulter S and Ortho ELT-8. Marked hyperglycemia (blood glucose 800-- 2000 mg/dl) caused consistent overestimation of the electronically determined MCV compared to that derived from a simultaneous spun microhematocrit. The resultant overestimation and underestimation, respectively, of the derived values for hematocrit and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration may be clinically misleading. The mechanism of MCV elevation in hyperglycemia appears to be swelling of hyperosmolar glucose “loaded” erythrocytes when diluted into “isotonic” counting medium. This effect is readily circumvented by determination of a spun microhematocrit.
Acute nonlymphocytic leukemia: heterogeneity of stem cell origin
Authors: Fialkow PJ , Singer JW , Adamson JW , Vaidya K , Dow LW , Ochs J , Moohr JW 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia who were heterozygous for the X-chromosome-linked enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) were studied to determine the numbers and types of progenitor cells in which the disease arose. Both forms of enzyme were found in normal tissues, but the malignant blast cells showed only one G6PD, indicating that the disease was clonal at the time of testing. The observations that normal erythroid cells were present in two young patients at diagnosis and relapse indicate that the clone suppressed expression of normal granulopoiesis but did not prevent normal erythroid differentiation. In contrast to this situation, in two elderly patients, the disease involved stem cells multipotent for granulocytes, red cells, and platelets. These results indicate that acute nonlymphocytic leukemia is heterogeneous. In some patients, the disease is expressed in cells with differentiation restricted to the granulocyte-monocyte pathway; in others, it involves stem cells capable of differentiating to granulocytes-monocytes, platelets, and erythrocytes. This heterogeneity may reflect differences in causation and could have prognostic and therapeutic importance.
Humoral helper activity for B-cell differentiation released from non- Hodgkin's lymphoma cells having both SRBC and complement receptors in the pokeweed mitogen system
Authors: Moriya N , Miyawaki T , Ueno Y , Koizumi S , Taniguchi N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The majority of lymphoid cells from a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leukemic transformation were demonstrated to carry receptors for both sheep erythrocytes and complements by the combined rosette assay using neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes and complement-coated zymosan beads. Most of them were considered morphologically lymphoblasts and were positive for acid phosphatase staining. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity was not detected in these cells. Lymphoid cells from this patient did not respond to the stimulation with phytohemagglutinin-P, concanavalin-A, and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). When these cells were cultured with PWM for 7 days, no plasma cell was generated. Although only a few plasma cells were generated in the PWM-stimulated culture of normal purified B cells alone, the addition of the patient's cells to purified normal B cells resulted in a markedly enhanced generation of plasma cells in response to PWM, as was the case with normal T cells. But leukemic cells either from a patient with T-cell leukemia not having complement receptors or from a patient with null-cell leukemia showed no enhancing ability in B- cell differentiation. In addition, the culture supernates of the patient's cells obtained after 24-hr PWM stimulation had an ability to promote B-cell differentiation comparable in activity to those from the PWM-stimulated normal T cells.
Immunologic evaluation in the prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A report from Childrens Cancer Study Group
Authors: Leikin S , Miller D , Sather H , Albo V , Esber E , Johnson A , Rogentine N , Hammond D 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eight-hundred ninety-five previously untreated acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients were entered on a protocol designed to provide results of selected immunologic tests. At diagnosis, delayed hypersensitivity tests with four antigens (tetanus, diptheria, candida, and SKSD), immunoglobulin levels, tests for serum inhibition to phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis, and HLA-A, B, and C typing were performed. Although delayed lymphocyte blastogenesis have been reported previously to be abnormal in ALL, we did not find them to be associated with disease outcome. Thirty percent of the patients had reduced levels of one or more immunoglobulins. The frequency of remission was less in those patients with decreased IgG and IgA. IgA and IgM showed prognostic importance in remission duration, and all three fractions appeared to have prognostic significance for survival duration. Although none of the HLA types appeared to be associated with significantly increased or decreased success in remission induction, patients with antigens A28 or B12 and patients bearing lymphocyte A11/B35 had shorter remissions. our results indicate that the immunologic factors studied, hypogammaglobulinemia and certain HLA antigens may be related to disease control and outcome in ALL.
Treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with marrow transplantation in identical twins
Authors: Appelbaum FR , Fefer A , Cheever MA , Buckner CD , Greenberg PD , Kaplan HG , Storb R , Thomas ED 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Eight patients with disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who failed conventional combination chemotherapy were treated with high-dose chemotherapy, a supralethal dose of total-body irradiation, and a bone marrow transplant from a normal identical twin. Seven patients experienced complete remission. Four of the seven patients (two with diffuse poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma, one with composite lymphoma, and one with diffuse moderately well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma) remain in complete unmaintained remission 12–126 mo from transplantation. One patient relapsed after 10 mo but was retreated and is alive in unmaintained complete remission 73 mo from transplantation. One patient died of Pseudomonas pneumonia while in complete remission and one patient relapsed and died of progressive lymphoma. These results demonstrate that intensive chemoradiotherapy and twin marrow transplantation can induce frequent and enduring remissions in patients with disseminated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma who have failed conventional therapy.
Drug-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with increased binding of IgG to platelets both in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Kelton JG , Meltzer D , Moore J , Giles AR , Wilson WE , Barr R , Hirsh J , Neame PB , Powers PJ , Walker I , Bianchi F , Carter CJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thrombocytopenia is a common serious adverse effect of drug treatment. A variety of in vitro diagnostic techniques to confirm the diagnosis are available, but the majority lack sufficient sensitivity to detect all cases of drug-induced thrombocytopenia. We studied 19 patients with suspected drug-induced thrombocytopenia and demonstrated that platelet- associated IgG (PAIgG) was elevated in all at the time of thrombocytopenia, and PAIgG returned to normal levels as the thrombocytopenia resolved. In the majority of patients, the platelet count rapidly returned to normal after the drug was discontinued; however, in six patients, the thrombocytopenia persisted well beyond the period of time that the offending drug would be expected to be cleared from the blood. In 13 patients, serum obtained after recovery was used to identify the drug responsible for the thrombocytopenia in an in vitro assay. In all cases, the addition of the drug historically associated with the thrombocytopenic episode was associated with an increased binding of IgG to control platelets. For uncertain reasons, the concentration of drug required to increase the in vitro binding of IgG to test platelets was often more than the concentration usually achieved in vivo. Wider application of these techniques may provide better understanding of the clinical characteristics and mechanisms responsible for drug-induce thrombocytopenia.