bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting the dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration in drug resistant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Nair Rajesh R. , Piktel Debbie , Thomas Patrick , Hathaway Quincy A. , Rellick Stephanie L. , Saralkar Pushkar , Martin Karen H. , Geldenhuys Werner J. , Hollander John M. , Gibson Laura F. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractReprogramming of cellular pathways is a crucial mechanism of drug resistance and survival in refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. In the present study, we performed an unbiased gene expression analysis and identified a dysfunctional mitochondrial respiration program in drug-resistant ALL cells grown in a co-culture system with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). Specifically, the activity of the complexes within the electron transport chain was significantly downregulated, correlated with decreased mitochondrial mass and ATP production in drug-resistant ALL cells. To validate mitochondrial respiration as a druggable target, we utilized pyrvinium pamoate (PP), a known inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration and documented its anti-leukemic activity in several ALL cell lines grown alone or in co-culture with BMSC. To increase the bioavailability profile of PP, we successfully encapsulated PP in a nanoparticle drug delivery system and demonstrated that it retained its anti-leukemic activity in a hemosphere assay. PP anti-leukemic activity was decreased by the addition of sodium pyruvate, and furthermore, PP was found to have an additive anti-leukemic effect when used in combination with rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor with activity similar to PP on the mitochondrial respiration. Importantly, PP’s cell death activity was found to be specific for leukemic cells as primary normal immune cells were resistant to PP-mediated cell death. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that PP is a novel therapeutic lead compound that counteracts the respiratory reprogramming found in refractory ALL cells.
Conspecifics, not plant reproductive tissues, reduce omnivore prey consumption
Authors: Rinehart S. , Long J.D. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPlant reproductive tissues (PRTs) can decrease (via reduced consumption) or increase (via numerical response) an omnivores consumption of animal prey. Although PRTs can increase predation pressure through numerical responses of omnivores, PRTs may also suppress predation by increasing omnivore interactions with conspecifics. Despite this potential, studies of the impacts of PRTs on predation by omnivores often overlook the effect of these tissues on intraspecific interactions between omnivores. We designed three studies to examine how PRTs and conspecific density impact prey consumption by ladybeetle omnivores. First, we assessed how PRTs impact scale insect consumption by isolated ladybeetles. Second, we measured how PRTs influence ladybeetle prey suppression when numerical responses were possible. Third, because initial experiments suggested the consumption rates of individual ladybeetles depended upon conspecific density, we compared per capita consumption rates of ladybeetles across ladybeetle density. PRTs did not influence prey consumption by isolated ladybeetles. When numerical responses were possible, PRTs did not influence total predation on prey despite increasing ladybeetle density, suggesting that PRTs decreased per capita prey consumption by ladybeetles. The discrepancy between our lab and field studies is likely a consequence of differences in ladybeetle density - the presence of only two other conspecifics decreased per capita prey consumption by 76%. Our findings suggest that PRTs may not alter the population level effects of omnivores on prey when omnivore numerical responses are offset by reductions in per capita predation rate.
The inhibitory effects of butein on cell proliferation and TNF-α-induced CCL2 release in racially different triple negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Mendonca Patricia , Horton Ainsley , Bauer David , Messeha Samia , Soliman Karam F.A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBreast cancer drug resistance is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women, and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype, affecting African American women more aggressively compared to Caucasians. Of all cancer-related deaths, 15 to 20% are associated with inflammation, where proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the tumorigenesis process. The current study investigated the effects of the polyphenolic compound butein (2′,3,4,4′-tetrahydroxychalcone) in cell proliferation and survival, as well as its modulatory effect on the release of proinflammatory cytokines in MDA-MB-231 (Caucasian) and MDA-MB-468 (African American) TNBC cell. Results showed that butein decreased cell viability in a time and dose-dependent manner and after 72-h of treatment, cell proliferation rate was reduced in both cell lines. In addition, butein presented higher potency in MDA-MB-468, exhibiting anti-proliferative effects in lower concentrations. Apoptosis assays demonstrated that butein increased apoptotic cells in MDA MB-468, showing 90% of the analyzed cells in the apoptotic phase, compared to 54% in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, butein downregulated both, protein and mRNA expression of CCL2 proinflammatory cytokine and IKBKE in Caucasian cells, but not in African Americans. This study demonstrates butein potential in cancer suppression showing a higher cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and apoptotic effects in African Americans, compared to Caucasians TNBC cells. It also reveals the butein inhibitory effect on CCL2 expression with a possible association with IKBKE downregulation in MDA-MB-231 cells only, indicating that Caucasians and African Americans TNBC cells respond differently to butein treatment. The obtained findings may provide an explanation regarding the poor response to therapy in African American patients with advance TNBC.
An inexpensive remotely-operated video recording system for continuous behavioral observations
Authors: Weber W.David , Fisher Heidi S. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractVideo recording technology is an important tool for studies of animal behavior because it reduces observer effects and produces a record of experiments, interactions among subjects, and contextual information, however it remains cost prohibitive for many researchers. Here we present an inexpensive method for building a remotely-operated video recording system to continuously monitor behavioral or other biological experiments. Our system employs Raspberry Pi computers and cameras, open-source software, and allows for wireless networking, live-streaming, and the capacity to simultaneously record from several cameras in an array. To validate this system, we continuously monitored home-cage behavior of California mice (Peromyscus californicus) in a laboratory setting. We captured video in both low- and bright-light environments to record behaviors of this nocturnal species, and then quantified mating interactions of California mouse pairs by analyzing the videos with an open-source event logging software. This video recording platform offers users the flexibility to modify the specifications for a range of tasks and the scalability to make research more efficient and reliable to a larger population of scientists.
Effectiveness of incentivized social media campaigns for a Fortune 500 company’s brand
Authors: Razi Muhammad , Tarn J. Michael , Mumuni Alhassan G. 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine how best to build online advocates for a food company’s brand based on data available from the brand’s Facebook pages. Specific research objectives are to study examine whether incentivizing actions such as “liking,” sharing or commenting on a brand’s Facebook impacts the brand community’s sentiment and engagement with the brand, and whether such engagement is different for different actions (e.g. liking vs sharing).

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the objectives of this research, sentiment analysis is performed on Facebook insight data from a Fortune 500 company, consisting of fans’ comments, shares and “likes” for promotional and fan posts pertaining to one of its brands. Paired samples t-tests are performed to assess differences in sentiment and engagement before and after each promotional post.

Findings
The results do not support a strong impact of promotional posts on overall sentiment. However, there is evidence in support of a positive impact of the campaigns on overall wall-level engagement with the brand. Moreover, the levels of engagement are not the same for all promotional posts. Rather, some posts resulted in much higher engagement levels than others, suggesting that not all incentivized campaigns are created equal.

Research limitations/implications
The study used the data from only one of company’s many brands. Therefore, similar studies on other brands are warranted.

Practical implications
Social networking sites are increasing in numbers, and more and more businesses are embracing social networks and/or blogs as part of their marketing platforms. Many companies offer coupons and incentives on social media to entice customers to engage with their social media platforms as well as buy products. The study results provide valuable insight into the effectiveness of different kinds of social media promotional campaigns, and can help managers decide which campaigns to implement to achieve specific objectives.

Originality/value
This research adds to the literature in two ways. First, it contributes to the limited literature on the effectiveness of incentivized social media campaign. Second, it contributes to the social media analytics literature by demonstrating how sentiment analysis can be used along with other statistical procedures to make sense of qualitative social media data.
Information dissemination related to the Sustainable Development Goals on German local governmental websites
Authors: Meschede Christine 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate information dissemination related to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on German local governmental websites in metropolitan areas. With the growing importance of urban areas for sustainable development, the Association of German Cities recommended an official commitment to the SDGs of all cities. In this paper, the author analyzes which cities report about their commitment to the SDGs on their governmental websites, what thematic information with regard to the SDGs is published on these websites and the role of partnerships and citizen participation in relation to the SDGs.

Design/methodology/approach
Content analysis of local governmental websites of the 15 largest German cities was conducted in July 2018.

Findings
The SDGs found their way into several German cities and their corresponding governmental websites. The most prevalent topics linked to the SDGs are education, climate protection, fair trade, energy and mobility. The cities have different strategies in informing about the goals. Most cities emphasize the role of citizen participation and partnerships on their websites.

Research limitations/implications
The analysis of websites can only provide a snapshot of reality as the content changes permanently. Further, a limited number of cities were considered which should be expanded in future research.

Originality/value
This study shows examples of German cities raising awareness on the SDGs and demonstrates gaps in doing so. It can help other cities in identifying possibilities and opportunities to deal with the SDGs and raise awareness on them by publishing related information on governmental websites.
Signal integrity in microelectronic hybrid systems made on metal substrates
Authors: Klepacki Dariusz , Sabat Wieslaw , Kamuda Kazimierz , Kurylo Kazimierz 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to present the problems connected with integrity of electrical signals in microelectronic hybrid systems made on metal substrates. The systems made on ferritic and austenitic sheet substrates were selected for the analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
For experimental investigations for the identification of the per-unit-length parameters for the simplest planar structures realized in thick-film technology on metal substrates, three types of path test systems with different geometric parameters were made. For the test circuits’ realization, the metal substrates of ferritic stainless steel of H17 grade (1.4016) with a thickness of 1 mm were selected. The sizes of 110 × 60 mm were obtained by laser cutting which process was required to obtain sufficient flatness of the substrates. Measurements were conducted using special elaborated equipment.

Findings
For selected configurations of conductive paths, the results of calculations and measurements of the range of variability of residual parameters for the systems of mutually parallel paths were presented. For selected path systems, the results of signals integrity analysis in mutually parallel path systems have been included.

Originality/value
The influence of configuration of paths, their geometrical and physical parameters on the value of residual elements parameters was determined, and their role in propagation process of fast-changing signals in the mutually parallel path systems was analyzed. These effects are very important from the point of view of electromagnetic compatibility and signal integrity of electronic circuits.
On “followers” and the inability to define
Authors: Andersen Jon Aarum 
Published: April 2019

Purpose
Scholars’ ability to do research based on the notions of “follower” and “followership” is questioned when studying formal leadership in organizations. The paper aims to discuss this issue.

Design/methodology/approach
Critical comments are presented on the usefulness of the notions of followers and followership.

Findings
There are no evidence that followership exists other than some scholars’ perception of something that they have been unable to define. The conclusion is that the inability to define these notions is tantamount to the inability to research them.

Research limitations/implications
The literature review contains no new empirical data.

Originality/value
The paper stresses that study objects which are not theoretically and empirically defined cannot be investigated.
Application of natural dye on polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber
Authors: Sen Arnab , Bhowal Avijit , Datta Siddhartha 
Published: April 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the feasibility of developing an eco-friendly dyeing process for a regenerated polyester fiber (polytrimethylene terephthalate) using a natural dye (Lac) and bio-mordant.Design/methodology/approachThe effects of temperature, time, initial pH of dye bath, material to liquor ratio and mordant concentration on color strength of polytrimethylene terephthalate fiber dyed with Lac were examined. The results were compared using three bio-mordant (catechu, myrobalan and pomegranate) and three inorganic mordant (alum, ferrous sulfate and stannous chloride). Single replicate of 25-design methodology was used to identify three significant factors affecting color strength, and optimization was done using response surface methodology based on 23-central composite rotatable design.FindingsColor strength achieved using catechu as a bio-mordant was close to that with ferrous sulfate and higher than with stannous chloride. Temperature, initial pH and mordant concentration were identified as significant factors affecting color strength of dyed fiber with catechu. Optimization revealed temperature of 133OC, initial pH of 6 and bio-mordant (Catechu) concentration of 10 per cent to be the optimal conditions for dyeing, with K/S value of 4.55.Originality/valueThe study revealed the possibility of satisfactory dyeing of regenerated polyester fibers with natural dyes, replacing disperse dyes. The comparison of color strength achieved indicated the possibility of replacing inorganic mordant with bio-mordant in such dyeing process. The dyeing process could thus be made more eco-friendly by removal of toxic chemicals from effluents.
Pest control at a regional scale: Identifying key criteria using a spatially explicit, agent‐based model
Authors: Lustig Audrey , James Alex , Anderson Dean , Plank Micheal 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Invasive mammals are a major threat to biodiversity. Understanding how their distributions and abundance could be affected by different temporal and spatial control strategies is fundamental for planning effective management programs.

We developed a spatially explicit, agent‐based model to test the impacts of different spatiotemporal management strategies on a pest population. As a case study, we used the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) population in the Cape‐to‐City treatment area in Hawke's Bay, New Zealand.

We found striking differences in the effectiveness of different spatial control strategies – a well designed spatial control strategy could be up to twice as cost effective as poorly designed ones.

The optimal spatial control strategy may depend on the total control effort. At low control effort, habitat‐targeted control was more effective; at high control effort, homogeneously distributed control was more effective.

Immigration rather than in situ breeding is likely to initiate the population recovery in treated areas after an initial knockdown. Therefore, increasing the size of treatment areas and maximizing the use of natural barriers to immigration could prolong treatment persistence.

Synthesis and applications. We have demonstrated how a spatially explicit, agent‐based model can be used to identify key criteria for a control strategy of open pest populations. The integration of available information on pest habitat use, population dynamics and actual levels of control allowed us to assess the deployment of control sites and assisted the choice of spatial control strategies. Important roles for this type of model are to help predict hotspots of mammalian pest activities, to suggest the most effective control strategy and to identify important parameters and data for improving predictions. Ultimately, further integration of spatial and temporal analyses is critical for updating and optimizing management strategies.
Specific relevance instructions promote selective reading strategies: evidences from eye tracking and oral summaries
Authors: León José A. , Moreno José David , Escudero Inmaculada , Olmos Ricardo , Ruiz Marcos , Lorch Robert F. 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThe present study analysed how relevance instructions affect eye movement patterns and the performance in a summary task of six expository texts.MethodsForty‐one undergraduate students participated in the experiment; half of them were instructed to make an oral summary of the main ideas focusing on the ‘why’ question that appeared at the end of the first paragraph (specific relevance instruction), while the other half were instructed to make an oral summary of the main ideas of the text (general relevance instruction).ResultsEye movement patterns revealed that specific instructions promoted more and longer fixations and more regressions for relevant information than general instructions. A higher percentage of words in the summary task related to relevant information was recalled when readers received specific instructions.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that relevance instructions influence how readers enact strategies to meet their reading goals and how these strategies are reflected on memory.
Just Cognition: Scientific Research on Bias and Some Implications for Legal Procedure and Decision‐Making
Authors: Edmond Gary , Martire Kristy A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCommon law judges have traditionally been concerned about bias and the appearance of bias. Bias is believed to threaten the administration of justice and the legitimacy of legal decision‐making, particularly public confidence in the courts. This article contrasts legal approaches to bias with a range of biases, particularly cognitive biases, familiar to scientists who study human cognition and decision‐making. Research reveals that judges have narrowly conceived the biases that threaten legal decision‐making, insisting that some potential sources of bias are not open to review and that they are peculiarly resistant to bias through legal training and judicial experience. This article explains how, notwithstanding express concern with bias, there has been limited legal engagement with many risks known to actually bias decision‐making. Through examples, and drawing upon scientific research, it questions legal approaches and discusses the implications of more empirically‐based approaches to bias for decision making and institutional legitimacy.
4‐Dimensional computed tomography‐based ventilation and compliance images for quantification of radiation‐induced changes in pulmonary function
Authors: Sharifi Hoda , Brown Stephen , McDonald Gary C , Chetty Indrin J , Zhong Hualiang 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroduction4‐Dimensional computed tomography (4DCT)‐based ventilation imaging is a promising technique for evaluating pulmonary function, but lung elasticity and mechanics are usually not part of the ventilation image analysis. In this study we demonstrate a 4DCT‐based imaging technique that can be used to calculate regional lung compliance changes after radiotherapy (RT).MethodsSix lung cancer patients were included in this study. Four of the patients had 4DCT images acquired pre‐RT, 3 and 9 months post‐RT. Ventilation and compliance were calculated from the deformable image registration (DIR) of 4DCTs, performed from the end‐inhale to the end‐exhale breathing phase. Regional compliance was defined as the ratio of volumetric variation and associated stress in each voxel, representing lung elasticity and computed using a FEM‐based framework. Ventilation, compliance and CT density were calculated for all pre‐RT and post‐RT 4DCTs and evaluation metrics were computed.ResultsAverage CT density changes were 13.6 ± 11.4HU after 3 months and 26.9 ± 15.8HU after 9 months. Ventilation was reduced at 3 months, but improved at 9 months in regions with dose ≥ 35 Gy, encompassing about 10% of the lung volume; compliance was reduced at both time‐points. Radiation dose ≥ 35 Gy caused major change in lung density and ventilation, which was higher than that previously reported in the literature (i.e. 24 Gy).ConclusionLung tissue response is diverse with respect to CT density, ventilation and compliance. Combination of ventilation and compliance with CT density could be beneficial for understanding radiation‐induced lung damage and consequently could help develop improved treatment protocols for lung cancer patients.