bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo range verification in particle therapy
Authors: Parodi Katia , Polf Jerimy C. 
Published: November 2018

Exploitation of the full potential offered by ion beams in clinical practice is still hampered by several sources of treatment uncertainties, particularly related to the limitations of our ability to locate the position of the Bragg peak in the tumor. To this end, several efforts are ongoing to improve the characterization of patient position, anatomy, and tissue stopping power properties prior to treatment as well as to enable in vivo verification of the actual dose delivery, or at least beam range, during or shortly after treatment. This contribution critically reviews methods under development or clinical testing for verification of ion therapy, based on pretreatment range and tissue probing as well as the detection of secondary emissions or physiological changes during and after treatment, trying to disentangle approaches of general applicability from those more specific to certain anatomical locations. Moreover, it discusses future directions, which could benefit from an integration of multiple modalities or address novel exploitation of the measurable signals for biologically adapted therapy.
An accurate and fast regularization approach to thermodynamic topology optimization
Authors: Jantos Dustin R. , Hackl Klaus , Junker Philipp 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn a series of previous works, we established a novel approach to topology optimization for compliance minimization based on thermodynamic principles known from the field of material modeling. Hamilton's principle for dissipative processes directly yields a partial differential equation (referred to as the evolution equation) as an update scheme for the spatial distribution of density mass describing the topology. Consequently, no additional mathematical minimization algorithms are needed. In this article, we introduce a regularization scheme by penalization of the gradient of the spatial distribution of mass density. The parabolic evolution equation (owing to a similar structure to the transient heat‐conduction equation) is solved most efficiently by an explicit time discretization. The Laplace operator is discretized via a Taylor series expansion yielding an operator matrix that is constant for the entire optimization process. This method shares some similarities to meshless methods and allows for an accurate application also on unstructured finite element meshes. The minimal size of the structure member can directly be controlled, a priori, by a numerical parameter introduced along with the regularization, similar to classical filter radii.
Bariatric Surgery Does Not Affect Food Preferences, but Individual Changes in Food Preferences May Predict Weight Loss
Authors: Søndergaard Nielsen Mette , Rasmussen Simone , Just Christensen Bodil , Ritz Christian , le Roux Carel W. , Berg Schmidt Julie , Sjödin Anders 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveUsing an ad libitum buffet meal targeting direct behavior, the authors of the current study previously reported no effect of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) surgery on food preferences 6 months after surgery. The current study investigated changes in food preferences at 18 months after surgery and whether changes in food preferences at 6 months predicted weight loss.MethodsTwenty food items separated into the following food categories were served at the buffet meal: high‐fat, low‐fat, sweet, savory, high‐fat savory, high‐fat sweet, low‐fat savory, and low‐fat sweet. Energy intake and intake from each of the food items were registered. Energy intake prior to the meal was standardized.ResultsThirty‐nine subjects completed visits before surgery and 18 months following RYGB (n = 29) and SG (n = 10) surgery. Energy intake decreased 41% (4,470 ± 209 kJ vs. 2,618 ± 209 kJ, P < 0.001), but no change occurred in relative energy intake from any of the food categories (all P ≥ 0.23), energy density (P = 0.20), or macronutrient intake (all P ≥ 0.28). However, changes in high‐fat food intake, protein intake, energy intake, and energy density at 6 months predicted weight loss at 18 months (P ≤ 0.02).ConclusionsRYGB surgery and SG surgery do not affect food preferences. However, changes in food preferences seem to be predictive of weight loss.
Association of Obesity Subtypes in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery Study and 3‐Year Postoperative Weight Change
Authors: Field Alison E. , Inge Thomas H. , Belle Steven H. , Johnson Geoffrey S. , Wahed Abdus S. , Pories Walter J. , Spaniolas Konstantinos , Mitchell James E. , Pomp Alfons , Dakin Gregory F. , Wolfe Bruce , Courcoulas Anita P. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThe study objective was to empirically identify subgroups of patients with obesity and investigate their association with postoperative weight change.MethodsA longitudinal analysis of 2,458 adults in the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) study was used. Baseline data were used to identify subgroups. The outcome was 3‐year weight change after bariatric surgery.ResultsWe identified four classes (subtypes) of obesity, which could be characterized as diabetes with low rates of high‐density lipoprotein (Class 1), disordered eating (Class 2), mixed (Class 3), and extreme obesity with early onset (Class 4). Approximately 98% of participants in Class 1 had diabetes compared with < 40% in the other classes. There were high rates of binge eating in Class 2, and more than 92% of those in this class reported eating when not hungry. Class 4 was characterized by a higher BMI at baseline. Adults in Class 4 lost an average of 25.0% (males) and 30.3% (females) of their baseline weight over 3 years. In contrast with participants in Class 1, those in Classes 2 and 3 had significantly larger 3‐year weight losses than their peers in Class 4.ConclusionsObesity is a heterogeneous disease. Bariatric surgery may be most beneficial for adults with disordered eating.
Alcohol Intake and Weight Loss During Intensive Lifestyle Intervention for Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Diabetes
Authors: Chao Ariana M. , Wadden Thomas A. , Tronieri Jena Shaw , Berkowitz Robert I. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess whether alcohol consumption decreases during an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) and whether alcohol consumption is associated with weight loss among participants with overweight or obesity and type 2 diabetes.MethodsParticipants (n = 4,901) were from the Action for Health in Diabetes (Look AHEAD) study, a randomized controlled trial that compared an ILI with a diabetes support and education (DSE) control. Mixed‐effects models were used to estimate the effect of the ILI on alcohol consumption and the influence of alcohol consumption on weight loss at year 4.ResultsILI and DSE participants did not differ in changes in alcohol consumption. Alcohol intake was not associated with weight loss at year 1 of the ILI. ILI participants who abstained from alcohol lost 5.1% ± 0.3% of initial weight at year 4 compared with a significantly (P = 0.04) smaller 2.4% ± 1.3% for consistent heavy drinkers. ILI participants who abstained from alcohol consumption over the 4 years lost 1.6% ± 0.5% more weight relative to individuals who drank alcohol at any time during the intervention (P = 0.003). DSE participants did not differ in weight loss by alcohol consumption.ConclusionsHeavy alcohol drinkers are at risk for suboptimal long‐term weight loss. Decreasing alcohol consumption may improve weight management among individuals with diabetes.
Geographic Variation in Obesity, Behavioral Treatment, and Bariatric Surgery for Veterans
Authors: Maciejewski Matthew L. , Arterburn David E. , Berkowitz Theodore S.Z. , Weidenbacher Hollis J. , Liu Chuan‐Fen , Olsen Maren K. , Funk Luke M. , Mitchell James E. , Smith Valerie A. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis study aims to describe geographic variation in veterans’ prevalence of obesity, participation in Veterans Health Administration’s behavioral weight management program (MOVE!), and receipt of bariatric surgery in fiscal year (FY) 2016.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study of veterans with obesity who received Veterans Health Administration care in FY2016, electronic health record data were obtained on weight, height, outpatient visits to the MOVE! program, and bariatric surgeries. For each Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) region, the prevalence rate of veterans with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), MOVE! participation rates, and bariatric surgery rates are presented.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity in veterans ranged from 30.5% to 40.5% across VISNs in FY2016. MOVE! participation among veterans with obesity was low (2.8%‐6.9%) across all VISNs, but veterans with class II and III obesity (BMI ≥ 35) had higher MOVE! participation rates (4.3%‐10.8%) than veterans with class I obesity. There was 20‐fold variation across VISNs in receipt of bariatric surgery among veterans with BMI ≥ 35, ranging from 0.01% to 0.2%. Among veterans with BMI ≥ 35 participating in MOVE!, there was 46‐fold variation in bariatric surgery provision, ranging from 0.07% to 3.27%.ConclusionsDespite veterans’ high prevalence of obesity, behavioral and surgical weight management participation is low and varies across regions.
Does Partial Meal Replacement During Pregnancy Reduce 12‐Month Postpartum Weight Retention?
Authors: Phelan Suzanne , Wing Rena R. , Brannen Anna , McHugh Angelica , Hagobian Todd , Schaffner Andrew , Jelalian Elissa , Hart Chantelle N. , Scholl Theresa O. , Muñoz‐Christian Karen , Yin Elaine , Phipps Maureen G. , Keadle Sarah , Abrams Barbara 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveThis randomized trial tested whether a behavioral intervention with meal replacements in pregnancy could increase the proportion of women who returned to prepregnancy weight and reduce postpartum weight retention by 12 months after delivery.MethodsWomen (N = 264; 13.7 weeks’ gestation) with overweight or obesity were randomly assigned to usual care or intervention. The intervention reduced excess gestational weight gain and was discontinued at delivery. At follow‐up, 83.7% completed the 12‐month assessment.ResultsCompared with usual care, prenatal intervention had no significant effect on odds of achieving prepregnancy weight (38/128 [29.7%] vs. 41/129 [31.8%]; P = 0.98) or in reducing the magnitude of weight retained (3.3 vs. 3.1 kg; P = 0.82) at 12 months. After delivery, significant (P < 0.0001) declines in meal replacements, practice of weight control behaviors, and dietary restraint were observed in the intervention group. Independent of group, lower gestational weight gain was the strongest predictor of achieving prepregnancy weight at 12 months (P = 0.0008).ConclusionsA prenatal behavioral intervention with meal replacements that reduced pregnancy weight gain had no significant effect on 12‐month postpartum weight retention.
Management of oral mucositis in pediatric patients receiving cancer therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Mazhari Fatemeh , Shirazi Alireza Sarraf , Shabzendehdar Mahboubeh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most common complications of cancer chemotherapy is oral mucositis (OM). OM affects more than 75% of patients undergoing chemotherapy and represents a significant burden to patients and caregivers. We performed a systematic review and meta­analysis of published studies to investigate the effects of agents and techniques in reducing OM.ProcedureThis systematic review investigated, critically appraised, and rated the evidence on agents used to manage OM in children undergoing cancer therapy. A comprehensive search of the relevant literature was performed from January 2006 to December 2017. MEDLINE, Scopus, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE, and the Web of Science were searched. Nine eligible studies were identified. Using random­effects models, standardized mean difference was estimated between treated and control groups across all studies. The Cochran test and the I2 index were performed for heterogeneity between studies. The significance level was set at P = 0.05.ResultsPalifermin reduced the incidence (OR = 4.131, P = 0.000), duration (St diff mean = 0.803, P = 0.000), and severity (St diff mean = 0.637, P = 0.000) of OM in pediatric cancer patients significantly. However, the laser did not show significant efficacy in decreasing the incidence rate of OM (OR = 2.870, P = 0.364).ConclusionThis review provided a comprehensive examination of available options for children who have OM. The results support the possibility of a positive effect of palifermin on reducing OM in children receiving cancer therapy.
Intra‐ and inter‐individual variability of stable strontium isotope ratios in hard and soft body tissues of pigs
Authors: Anders Dominic , Osmanovic Amira , Vohberger Marina 
Published: November 2018

RationaleStable isotope analysis has become an indispensable tool for the identification of the flow of matter in ecological sciences. Stable strontium isotope ratios are used in several different scientific fields as markers for provenance, mobility, and migration. A crucial prerequisite for such studies is a reliable definition of local ranges and an estimation of expected isotopic variability.MethodsTo study the local variability of stable strontium isotope ratios at a specific place, a farrow of ecologically and locally grown pigs was investigated and strontium was extracted from their hard tissues (tooth enamel, bones and bristles) as well as soft tissues (meat, organs and blood) via dry‐ and wet‐ashing procedures and subsequent column separation. The 87Sr/86Sr ratio was then measured via TIMS (thermal ionization mass spectrometry).ResultsReliable 87Sr/86Sr data was generated from all tissue types. Both intra‐ and inter‐individual variability was high and tissue‐specific patterns could be identified. High ranges occurred in sample types which were analyzed for animals of different age (pigs as well as piglets): teeth, parietal, mandible, femur, and leg muscle as well as in jaw muscle samples, which were only analyzed in adult pigs. Tooth enamel data showed a tooth‐type‐dependent pattern.ConclusionsWe conclude that a time factor played a role for the observed variability, e.g. a shift in food supply. Furthermore, we presume that local range estimates from the literature only work for tissues which integrate all consumed components over a sufficient amount of time and average fluctuations which can be found in tissues with higher turnover rates.
Intraoperative computer‐assisted prediction of intraarticular contact pressures in the knee during high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Panzica Martin , Westphal Ralf , Citak Musa , Hawi Nael , Liodakis Emmanouil , Goesling Thomas , Krettek Christian , Stuebig Timo , Suero Eduardo M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo develop an accurate intraoperative method to estimate changes in intraarticular contact pressures during high tibial osteotomy (HTO).MethodsChanges in knee alignment and pressure were monitored in real time in seven cadaver specimens that received HTO. Intraarticular contact pressure (N/mm2) in each knee compartment was estimated based on extraarticularly acquired data (leg alignment, correction, and ankle tilt) and based on the application of an axial force of half bodyweight (400‐450 N).ResultsContact pressure estimation was more accurate in the lateral compartment (R2 = 0.940) than in the medial compartment of the knee (R2 = 0.835). The optimism‐corrected R2 was 0.936 for the lateral compartment and 0.821 for the medial compartment.ConclusionsWe have established a framework for estimating the change in intraarticular contact pressures based on extraarticular data. This research could be helpful in generating appropriate algorithms to estimate joint alignment changes based on applied loads.
Dynamic event‐triggered control for linear time‐invariant systems with ‐gain performance
Authors: Liu Dan , Yang Guang‐Hong 
Published: November 2018

SummaryIn this paper, a novel dynamic event‐triggered control scheme is presented for linear time‐invariant systems. Under this control scheme, criteria that guarantee the asymptotic stability and the
‐stability are derived, by which the triggered parameters and the feedback gain can be codesigned. The stability criteria are derived by using Lyapunov‐based analysis tools, and a new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional is constructed to further reduce conservatism. Moreover, the projection technique and the mathematical induction are introduced in the stability analysis. Compared with the existing results for static strategies, the proposed dynamic strategy is more flexible and generates fewer events. Finally, simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new scheme.
A Nano‐Wrinkled Zn0.92Fe0.08O Thin Film Developed Using a High‐RPM Electro‐Spin Patterning Technique via Sol‐Gel Route For Methane Sensing
Authors: Anchal Brij Bansh Nath , Singh Preetam , Pyare Ram 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of superior methane sensors is important to insure the safety of laborers working in coal field/mine and CNG fuel stations as methane is not only the explosive gas but also act at asphyxiant and the leakage of methane is cause of tragic death of laborers working in coal mines/fields. We reports the development of nano‐wrinkled thin film of 8% iron doped zinc oxide (Zn0.92Fe0.08O) deposited by high rpm electro‐spin patterns technique for superior methane sensing performance. The method of deposition, developed/utilized here is very easy to perform in order to develop the films of same quality repetitively. Our developed Zn0.92Fe0.08O film showed high activity with quick response for methane sensing because of the increased active adsorption sites due to wrinkled structures grown at the surface of the thin films. The Thin film was characterized by XRD, SEM, EDX and AFM. These characterizations confirm the film structures, grain sizes, roughness and its crystal structure. The film showed high sensitivity for methane in the range of 100 to 500 ppm in the temperature range of 75 °C to 200 °C.
A Simple Perceptive Diphenyl‐Imidazole‐Based Dipodal Schiff‐Base Chemosensor for Zn2+ and PPi ions and Its Live‐Cell Imaging Applications
Authors: Gomathi Asaithambi , Vasanthi Mani , Viswanthamurthi Periasamy , Suresh Shanmugan , Nandhakumar Raju 
Published: November 2018

Abstract2,6‐bis((E)‐(2‐(benzo[d]thiazol‐2‐yl)hydrazono)methyl)‐4‐(4,5‐diphenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)phenol (PIS) conjugate has been designed as a selective fluorescent probe for zinc ion. The PIS exhibits selectivity towards Zn2+ among various ions in DMSO‐H2O (1:9) v/v 50 mM HEPES (4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid) at pH=7.4. Moreover, the detection of PIS towards Zn2+ ion could be realized in “naked eye” with a color conversion from yellow to greenish yellow. The linear relationship between fluorescence intensity and Zn2+ ion concentration indicates that PIS can be used for quantification of Zn2+ ion. The PIS probe can be used in broad pH ranging from 4 to 9. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 0.52 nM for Zn2+ ion. The binding ratio and binding constant of PIS‐Zn2+ complex were determined and calculated as 1:1 and 2.36×106 M−1 according to Job′s plot and Benesi–Hildebrand equation, respectively. Furthermore, the PIS‐Zn2+ complex subsequently acted as a secondary fluorescent turn‐off probe for pyrophosphate (PPi) ion recognition among the other anions. To assess the real‐world efficacy of the PIS and PIS‐Zn2+ complex, they were evaluated by test paper strips. Likewise, the probe PIS and PIS‐Zn2+ complex were used as in vitro cell imaging probe, and successfully demonstrated as feasible bio‐marker as well.
An Efficient Method of Preparation and Comprehensive Properties for Energetic Salts Based on Nitrofurazan‐Functionalized Hydroxytetrazoles
Authors: Guo Tao , Wang Zijun , Huo Huan , Tang Wang , Zhu Yong , Bi Fuqiang , Wang Bozhou , Meng Zihui , Prof. Zhongxue Ge and 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBased on the advantages of the furazan and tetrazole ring, the nitro and N‐oxide groups were introduced into furazan‐tetrazole backbone to four kinds of novel nitrofurazan‐functionalized hydroxytetrazole energetic salts. Various method have been employed to confirm their structures, such as multinuclear NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Salt guanidinium 5‐(4‐nitro‐furazan‐3‐yl)‐tetrazole‐1‐olate (5) and salt potassium 5‐(4‐hydroxyamino‐furazan‐3‐yl)‐tetrazole‐1‐olate (6) has been further elucidated by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The non‐isothermal decomposition kinetics and thermodynamics for different salts were investigated by using TG‐DSC with different heating rate. The physico‐chemical properties and detonation performance were also studied and calculated by EXPLO5 program, in which salt hydroxylammonium 5‐(4‐nitro‐furazan‐3‐yl)‐tetrazole‐1‐olate (3) have a relatively high density of 1.839 g⋅cm−3 at 296 K and good detonation properties (vD = 9228 m⋅s‐1, P = 38.0 GPa), which is superior to that of RDX. The sensitivities towards impact and friction were also determined by BAM method (BAM Fallhammer Test for IS; BAM Friction Test for FS), in which the salt 5 showed very insensitive property (IS>60 J, FS>360 N) and can be comparable to that of TATB. Furthermore, the specific impulse of salt 3 (281 s) was even better than that of ammonium perchlorate (AP) (157 s) as neat compounds.
Ni‐based Catalysts for Hydrogen Production from Ammonia Decomposition: Effect of Dopants and Urine Application
Authors: Henpraserttae Suparoek , Charojrochkul Sumittra , Lawtrakul Luckhana , Toochinda Pisanu 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn enhancement of catalytic activities for ammonia decomposition was achieved using partial doping of Sr, Y, Zr, or Ce in Al2O3 frameworks. Improvements of the catalytic properties, including Ni dispersion, acidic sites, and basic sites have been studied. In this study, the Ni/doped Al2O3 catalysts exhibit a great improvement of Ni dispersion, which results in higher catalytic activities, relative to Ni/undoped Al2O3. Among the studied catalysts, Ni/Ce‐doped Al2O3 exhibits the highest NH3 conversion, and Ni/Y‐doped Al2O3 exhibits the best catalytic stability. The results of N2 formation from NH3‐TPRx imply that the recombination of nitrogen in the NH3 decomposition mechanism could be the rate‐determining step in this study. Decomposition of NH3 from urine was further evaluated over active Ni/Ce‐doped Al2O3. The catalyst can produce H2 in the range of 169‐188 μmol⋅min‐1⋅gcat‐1 with 72.1% NH3 conversion. The role of dopants in the Al2O3 frameworks for the catalytic activities was also discussed, to understand the NH3 decomposition mechanism.