bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial Differences in Relative Skeletal Muscle Mass Loss During Diet‐Induced Weight Loss in Women
Authors: Hunter Gary R. , Bryan David R. , Borges Juliano H. , David Diggs M. , Carter Stephen J. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveIt is unclear whether there are race‐specific differences in the maintenance of skeletal muscle during energy restriction. Changes in relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI; limb lean tissue divided by height squared) were compared following (1) diet alone, (2) diet + aerobic training, or (3) diet + resistance training.MethodsOverweight, sedentary African American (AA; n = 72) and European American (EA; n = 68) women were provided an 800‐kcal/d diet to reduce BMI < 25 kg/m2. Regional fat‐free mass was measured with dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry. Steady‐state VO2 and heart rate responses during walking were measured.ResultsAA women had greater RSMI and preserved RSMI during diet alone, while RSMI was significantly reduced among EA women (EA women –3.6% vs. AA women + 1.1%; P < 0.05). Diet + resistance training subjects retained RSMI (EA women + 0.2% vs. AA women + 1.4%; P = 50.05), whereas diet + aerobic training subjects decreased RSMI (EA women –1.4% vs. AA women –1.5%; P < 0.05). Maintenance of RSMI was related to delta walking ease and economy.ConclusionsCompared with AA women, EA women are less muscular and lose more muscle during weight loss without resistance training. During diet‐induced weight loss, resistance training preserves skeletal muscle, especially among premenopausal EA women. Maintenance of muscle during weight loss associates with better ease and economy of walking.
Underdocumentation of Obesity by Medical Residents Highlights Challenges to Effective Obesity Care
Authors: Srivastava Gitanjali , Johnson Erica D. , Earle Rebecca L. , Kadambi Nitya , Pazin Dorothy E. , Kaplan Lee M. 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to determine attitudes and practices of physicians in training with respect to the evaluation and treatment of obesity.MethodsResident‐generated admission and discharge notes of all 1,765 general medicine hospital admissions during 4 nonconsecutive months were analyzed, and any references to weight, obesity, BMI, adiposity, and body fat were identified. The full general resident cohort was then surveyed for perceptions and behaviors related to obesity.ResultsObesity was considered a highly important medical issue by 98.5% of residents; 90% correctly identified a class II obesity Stunkard phenotype, and 80% accurately calculated a BMI given height and weight in metric units. Residents overestimated inpatient obesity prevalence (estimate = 75%; actual = 35%) and the rate of obesity recording in the hospital admission note (estimate = 94%; actual = 49.5%). A BMI or current weight in the admission note or discharge summary was reported in none of the 1,765 patient records, and only 6% of the patients with obesity had obesity noted in either the inpatient admission or discharge assessment or plan.ConclusionsThough residents recognize obesity and its clinical implications, it is underreported in the assessment of inpatients. This low level of documenting obesity and its impact on clinical care planning underscores a missed opportunity to establish appropriate referrals and initiate treatment at a clinically opportune time.
Weight Perception, Weight Stigma Concerns, and Overeating
Authors: Romano Eugenia , Haynes Ashleigh , Robinson Eric 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivePerceiving one's own weight status as being overweight is a likely motivation for weight loss. However, self‐perceived overweight status has also been found to be associated with overeating and weight gain. This study examined whether weight stigma concerns explain why individuals who perceive their weight status as overweight are at increased risk of overeating.MethodsWe conducted two survey studies of United States adults (N = 1,236) in which we assessed whether weight stigma concerns explain the cross‐sectional relationship between perceived overweight and overeating tendencies.ResultsAcross two studies, the cross‐sectional relationship between perceived overweight and overeating tendencies was in part explained by weight stigma concerns. Participants who perceived their weight as “overweight” reported greater weight stigma concerns than participants who perceived their weight as “about right,” and this explained 23.3% (Study 1) to 58.6% (Study 2) of the variance in the relationship between perceived overweight and overeating tendencies.ConclusionsWeight stigma concerns may explain why perceiving one's own weight status as overweight is associated with an increased tendency to overeat.
Cobalt Phosphide Nanoparticles Applied as a Theranostic Agent for Multimodal Imaging and Anticancer Photothermal Therapy
Authors: Li Zhenglin , Hu Shaoshan , Liu Jing , Hu Ying , Chen Lei , Jiang Tingting , Sun Lei , Sun Ye , Besenbacher Flemming , Chen Chunying , Yu Miao 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBiocompatible single‐component theranostic nanoagents instinctly affording multiple imaging modalities with satisfying therapeutic functions are highly desirable for anticancer treatments. Although cobalt‐based phosphides are well‐recognized as competent electrocatalysts, their potentials for biomedical applications remain unexplored. In this work, cobalt phosphide nanoparticles (CoP NPs) are developed to be a powerful theranostic agent for multimodal imaging and anticancer photothermal therapy. The uniform CoP NPs in a size of ≈21 nm are synthesized via a facile thermal decomposition method, followed by surface modification. The resultant CoP NPs exhibit excellent compatibility and stability in water as well as various physiological solutions. Supported by the good biocompatibility, strong near‐infrared absorption, and high photothermal conversion property, significant photothermal effect of the NPs is demonstrated, realizing efficient hyperthermia ablation on cancer cells. Importantly, the CoP NPs have shown considerable capabilities on high‐contrast in vitro and in vivo triple‐modal imaging, including infrared thermal (IRT), photoacoustic (PA), and T2‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. This work has unraveled the promising potentials of CoP‐based nanoagent for precise diagnosis and efficient therapy.
Integration of “Omics” Strategies for Biomarkers Discovery and for the Elucidation of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Brugada Syndrome
Authors: Scumaci Domenica , Oliva Antonio , Concolino Antonio , Curcio Antonio , Fiumara Claudia Vincenza , Tammè Laura , Campuzano Oscar , Pascali Vincenzo L. , Coll Monica , Iglesias Anna , Berne Paola , Casu Gavino , Olivo Erika , Ausania Francesco , Ricci Pietrantonio , Indolfi Ciro , Brugada Josep , Brugada Ramon , Cuda Giovanni 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a severe inherited cardiac disorder. Given the high genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of this disease, three different “omics” approaches are integrated in a synergic way to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of BrS as well as for identifying reliable diagnostic/prognostic markers.Experimental designThe profiling of plasma Proteome and MiRNome is perfomed in a cohort of Brugada patients that were preliminary subjected to genomic analysis to assess a peculiar gene mutation profile.ResultsThe integrated analysis of “omics” data unveiled a cooperative activity of mutated genes, deregulated miRNAs and proteins in orchestrating transcriptional and post‐translational events that are critical determining factors for the development of the Brugada pattern.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis study provides the basis to shed light on the specific molecular fingerprints underlying BrS development and to gain further insights on the pathogenesis of this life‐threatening cardiac disease.
Design, synthesis, and insecticidal activity evaluation of novel 4‐(N, N‐diarylmethylamines)furan‐2(5H)‐one derivatives as potential acetylcholine receptor insecticides
Authors: Tian Pingyi , Liu Dengyue , Liu Zhengjun , Shi Jing , He Wenjing , Qi Puying , Chen Jixiang , Song Baoan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlupyradifurone is a member of a novel class of insecticides that possess excellent insecticidal activities. Halogen‐containing phenyl groups are important and indispensable structural components of many pesticides. However, replacement of the difluoromethyl group of flupyradifurone with halogen‐containing phenyl groups has not been reported. Hence, a series of novel butenolide derivatives containing phenyl groups were synthesized and bioassayed to discover novel compounds with excellent insecticidal activities.RESULTSSome target molecules exhibited good insecticidal activities against Aphis craccivora. Among the title compounds, 4cc showed the best insecticidal activities with an 50% lethal concentration (LC50) value of 1.72 μg mL−1, which is superior to that of pymetrozine (LC50 = 6.86 μg mL−1). Molecular docking indicated that 4cc lacks oxidative metabolism by CYP6CM1 and metabolic resistance with imidacloprid. Furthermore, label‐free quantitative proteomic analysis indicated that 4cc may be a potential acetylcholine receptor insecticide that acts on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Compound 4cc also decreased the capability for oxidative metabolism, which further supported the molecular docking results.CONCLUSIONThis work can be used to further investigate the mechanism underlying the insecticidal activity of butenolide derivatives and develop potential novel butenolide insecticides. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Recent advances in oncofertility care worldwide and in Japan
Authors: Takai Yasushi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundOncofertility is a crucial facet of cancer supportive care. The publication of guidelines for the cryopreservation of oocytes and ovarian tissue is becoming increasingly prevalent in Japan and an updated overview is necessary.MethodsIn order to provide an updated overview of oncofertility care, original research and review articles were searched from the PubMed database and compared in order to present clinical care in Japan.ResultsIn Western countries, various methods for ovarian stimulation, such as the combined use of aromatase inhibitors and random‐start protocols, have been reported. Although ovarian tissue cryopreservation, mainly performed via the slow‐freezing method, also has yielded >100 live births, the optimal indications and procedures for the auto‐transplantation of cryopreserved tissue have been under investigation. In Japan, however, vitrification is prevalent for ovarian tissue cryopreservation, although its efficacy has not yet been established. The quality of network systems for providing oncofertility care in Japan varies greatly, based on the region.ConclusionThere remain many issues in the optimization of oncofertility care in Japan. Along with the regional oncofertility networks, the creation of “oncofertility navigators” from healthcare providers who are familiar with oncofertility, such as nurses, psychologists, and embryologists, could be useful for supplementing oncofertility care coordination, overcoming the issues in individual regions.
Deregulation of the Notch pathway as a common road in viral carcinogenesis
Authors: Vázquez‐Ulloa Elenaé , Lizano Marcela , Sjöqvist Marika , Olmedo‐Nieva Leslie , Contreras‐Paredes Adriana 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe Notch pathway is a conserved signaling pathway and a form of direct cell‐cell communication related to many biological processes during development and adulthood. Deregulation of the Notch pathway is involved in many diseases, including cancer. Almost 20% of all cancer cases have an infectious etiology, with viruses responsible for at least 1.5 million new cancer cases per year. Seven groups of viruses have been classified as oncogenic: hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV respectively), Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV), human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV‐1), human papillomavirus (HPV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). These viruses share the ability to manipulate a variety of cell pathways that are critical in proliferation and differentiation, leading to malignant transformation. Viral proteins interact directly or indirectly with different members of the Notch pathway, altering their normal function. This review focuses exclusively on the direct interactions of viral oncoproteins with Notch elements, providing a deeper understanding of the dual behavior of the Notch pathway as activator or suppressor of neoplasia in virus‐related cancers.
Promoting Alternative Flexible Substrate for Electrode Materials to Achieve Enhanced Lithium Storage Properties
Authors: Long Bei , Luo Lei , Yang Hao , Balogun Muhammad‐Sadeeq , Song Shuqin , Tong Yexiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe rapid development of flexible electronic devices stimulates the search for the cost‐effective and suitable flexible electrodes. However, the excessive pursuit of the flexibility and energy density allow researchers to give less attention to other important factors such as cost and the negative effect of the flexible substrates. Here, with low cost, good conductivity and considerable smaller thickness, stainless steel mesh (SSM) is considered as a potential flexible current collector. The experimental results also show that the SSM has negligible capacity contribution when used as a substrate for the growth of active materials and therefore the exsitence of SSM does not consume the active components in electrolyte and has negligible influence on the electrochemical properties of active materials. Besides, further chemical modification of SSM (SSME) leads to the enhanced eletrochemical properties and volumetric energy densities of SSME‐derived electrodes. Thus, this work gives an example of how to select suitable flexible current collector.
Synthesis of Hierarchical 4H/fcc Ru Nanotubes for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Media
Authors: Lu Qipeng , Wang An‐Liang , Cheng Hongfei , Gong Yue , Yun Qinbai , Yang Nailiang , Li Bing , Chen Bo , Zhang Qinghua , Zong Yun , Gu Lin , Zhang Hua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHierarchical metal nanostructures containing 1D nanobuilding blocks have stimulated great interest due to their abundant active sites for catalysis. Herein, hierarchical 4H/face‐centered cubic (fcc) Ru nanotubes (NTs) are synthesized by a hard template‐mediated method, in which 4H/fcc Au nanowires (NWs) serve as sacrificial templates which are then etched by copper ions (Cu2+) in dimethylformamide. The obtained hierarchical 4H/fcc Ru NTs contain ultrathin Ru shells (5–9 atomic layers) and tiny Ru nanorods with length of 4.2 ± 1.1 nm and diameter of 2.2 ± 0.5 nm vertically decorated on the surface of Ru shells. As an electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media, the hierarchical 4H/fcc Ru NTs exhibit excellent electrocatalytic performance, which is better than 4H/fcc Au‐Ru NWs, commercial Pt/C, Ru/C, and most of the reported electrocatalysts.
‘Call for Purge on the People Traffickers’: An Investigation into British Newspapers’ Representation of Transnational Human Trafficking, 2000–2016
Authors: Gregoriou Christiana , Ras Ilse A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGregoriou and Ras draw on corpus linguistics and critical discourse analysis to examine a 61.5 million-word corpus of articles published by UK newspapers between 2000 and 2016, and on qualitative critical discourse analysis of a sixty-seven-article sample corpus in depth. Both approaches analyse the naming and describing of victims and traffickers, metaphors, transitivity, and speech and writing presentation, while the in-depth qualitative approach furthermore analyses the text (images) (multi)modally. Their findings conclude that trafficking for sexual exploitation is over-reported compared to other forms of trafficking, and that victims are generally presented as young, female, and vulnerable. As a result, non-stereotypical victims, of crimes like forced begging and domestic servitude, are not readily recognised as victims, and thereby are deprived of opportunities for assistance.
Recurrent Falls Among Elderly Patients and the Impact of Anticoagulation Therapy
Authors: Chiu Alexander S. , Jean Raymond A. , Fleming Matthew , Pei Kevin Y. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundFalls are the leading source of injury and trauma‐related hospital admissions for elderly adults in the USA. Elderly patients with a history of a fall have the highest risk of falling again, and the decision on whether to continue anticoagulation after a fall is difficult. To inform this decision, we evaluated the rate of recurrent falls and the impact of anticoagulation on outcomes.MethodsAll patients of age  ≥ 65 years and hospitalized for a fall in the first 6 months of 2013 and 2014 were identified in the nationwide readmission database, a nationally representative all‐payer database tracking patient readmissions. Readmissions for a recurrent fall within 6 months, and mortality and bleeding injuries (intracranial hemorrhage, solid organ bleed, and hemothorax) during readmission were identified. Logistic regression evaluated factors associated with mortality on repeat falls.ResultsOf the 331,982 patients admitted for a fall, 15,565 (4.7%) were admitted for a recurrent fall within 6 months. The median time to repeat fall was 57 days (IQR 19–111 days), and 9.0% (1406) of repeat fallers were on anticoagulation. The rate of bleeding injury was similar regardless of anticoagulation status (12.8 vs. 12.7% not on anticoagulation, p = 0.97); however, among patients with a bleeding injury, those on anticoagulation had significantly higher mortality (21.5 vs. 6.9% not on anticoagulation, p < 0.01).ConclusionAmong patients hospitalized for a fall, 4.7% will be hospitalized for a recurrent fall within 6 months. Patients on anticoagulation with repeat falls do not have increased rates of bleeding injury but do have significantly higher rates of death with a bleeding injury. This information is essential to discuss with patients when deciding to restart their anticoagulation.
Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Pyloromyotomy in Children: An Opportunity for Better Stewardship
Authors: Williams Kibileri , Lautz Timothy , Hendrickson Richard J. , Oyetunji Tolulope A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionSurgical site infection is very uncommon after pyloromyotomy in children, and it is considered a “clean” procedure under the traditional wound classification system. This study aims to investigate prophylactic antibiotic administration for pyloromyotomy among children’s hospitals in the USA.MethodsThe Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database was retrospectively reviewed from 2014 to 2015 including all patients less than 1 year old who had a principal diagnosis of pyloric stenosis and underwent pyloromyotomy. Patient demographics, hospital length of stay, and perioperative antibiotic administration were extracted.ResultsA total of 4206 patients met study criteria. Most patients were male (84%) and Caucasian (70%). The median age at admission was 32 days (IQR 24–44 days), and median length of stay was 2 days (IQR 1–2 days). Antibiotics were administered perioperatively in 2153 (51%) patients with marked variation among children’s hospitals. Antibiotics were given to more than 10% of patients in more than 90% of hospitals, and only two of 49 hospitals gave no antibiotic prophylaxis.ConclusionsThis study has shown that at several tertiary‐level children’s hospitals in the USA, antibiotic prophylaxis is administered for pyloromyotomy, a “clean” procedure. This highlights the need for standardization of care and more effective antibiotic stewardship in pediatric surgery.
Dalfsen
Authors: van der Velde Henk M. , Bouma Niels 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTThis article discusses the way development-led archaeology in the Netherlands disseminates archaeological knowledge to and with the public using the way archaeological projects were designed in Dalfsen (Netherlands) as a case study. In the early days of contract archaeology, which in the Netherlands was designed after the Valetta Convention, archaeologists were primarily concerned with the financial and planning aspects of projects, and there was little room for public archaeology. We suggest that this caused archaeologists to forget to involve the public in their projects. In time, it became almost impossible to rectify this mistake because archaeological contractors became extremely bureaucratic. In the case of Dalfsen, a spectacular project was needed to change this situation. The project, and especially its media value, inspired the municipality to invest in community archaeology and make choices that an archaeologist would not primarily be concerned with. Thus, we discuss the effects of these choices and archaeologists’ actions in this process. We conclude that it is important for archaeologists to act as facilitators because it improves the success rate of community archaeology projects.
On the Character of a “Great Patriot”: A New Essay Ascribed to Bolingbroke
Authors: Hone Joseph , Skjönsberg Max 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis article presents the first addition in recent years to the canon of the British eighteenth-century statesman and political thinker Lord Bolingbroke (1678–1751), a manuscript essay “On the Character of a Great Patriot.” For the first time, this article identifies Bolingbroke as the likely author of this unascribed, undated, and untitled essay in the Senate House Library manuscript collection. Using internal and contextual evidence, the article demonstrates that the “Character” is a description of Bolingbroke's opposition colleague William Pulteney, and that it was written in the final months of 1731, most likely for publication in the opposition journal theCraftsman. The “Character” dates from a period in which Bolingbroke wrote very little, and it is thus a crucial addition to his biography as well as an early exposition of his theory of opposition politics. Moreover, study of the essay shows that Bolingbroke drew extensively on the example of Pulteney when formulating his idea about the necessity of a systematic opposition party, not fully formulated untilOn the Spirit of Patriotism(1736). The “Character” thus sheds further light on the important relationship between political practice and theory in the age of Walpole.
The 1753 Jewish Naturalization Bill and the Polemic over Credit
Authors: Yuval-Naeh Avinoam 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe polemic surrounding the 1753 Jewish Naturalization Bill was one of the major public opinion campaigns in Britain in the eighteenth century, as well as the most significant event in the history of Britain's Jews between their seventeenth-century admission and nineteenth-century emancipation. The bill proposed to offer Jews a private act of naturalization without the sacramental test. A costly and cumbersome process, the measure could have had only minor practical impact. Due to its symbolic significance, however, the bill ignited public clamor in hundreds of newspaper columns, pamphlets, and prints. What made it so resonant, and why was the opposition so successful in propagating opposition to the motion? It has been commonly argued that the entire affair was an instance of partisan conflict in which the Jews themselves played an incidental role. This paper throws light on the episode from an alternative perspective, arguing that a central reason for its resonance was that the discussion on the Jews evoked concerns with the expanding financial market and its sociopolitical implications. As Jews had by that time become emblematic of modern finance, they embodied contemporary anxieties about the economy, national identity, and their interrelations.