bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sons of the Country: Nasser, Qutb, and the Struggle that Defined Egypt
Authors: Calvert John 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Books on Islamism and the bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes of the Arab World are a scholarly staple. In Making the Arab World, Fawaz Gerges breaks from the pack. Rather than focus on either Islamism or Arab state regimes as isolated phenomena, as many have done, he regards them in tandem. Islamism and Arab nationalism, he writes, have since the mid-twentieth century been engaged in a dialectical relationship; one fully cannot persist without the other. To make his case, Gerges draws on the biographies of Sayyid Qutb, the mercurial ideologue of radical Islamism, and Abdel Nasser, the pragmatic architect of the Egyptian Republic. Political power, not ideology, was the driver of the conflict between the two. The result is a book of nuance and insight.
Is Islamophobia (Always) Racism?
Authors: Lauwers Anna Sophie 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent scholarship increasingly defines Islamophobia as a form of racism. The possibility that Islamophobia could also manifest itself as religious or cultural bigotry is generally overlooked. This article argues that although anti-Islam bigotry is intertwined with anti-Muslim racism, the two are conceptually distinct. Making this distinction allows us to better analyze, unmask, and critically assess Islamophobia. The article conceptually explores the similarities and differences between anti-Muslim racism and anti-Islam bigotry. It finds that although anti-Islam bigotry implies a prejudicial rejection of an essentialized idea of Islam, it understands religion or culture to be an individual choice and allows for the possibility that Muslims convert or assimilate. As such, it differs from anti-Muslim racism, which implies that the Muslim identity and the negative characteristics associated with Islam are innate and unchangeable. The article argues that contemporary Islamophobic political discourse in Europe is predominantly racist, although it hides behind a cloak of anti-Islam bigotry.
Análisis del proceso de harina de yuca, sobre las propiedades sensoriales y nutricionales del casabe (Artículo Profesional)
Authors: Marcía Fuentes J.A. , Chavarría Carrión L.A. , Zumbado H. 
Published: July 2019

Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo el desarrollo y determinación de la formulación idónea para la elaboración de casabe, así como la determinación del impacto de la cinética de secado sobre sus propiedades sensoriales. Se prepararon 3 formulaciones para su elaboración con yuca de la variedad Valencia (dulce) y yuca de la variedad Ceiba (amarga), para el diseño de mezcla se contó con tres variables; (harina de yuca, agua marina y ajo), donde se determinó a partir del balance másico-energético y análisis sensorial con pruebas hedónicas aplicada a personas pertenecientes al pueblo Garífuna, que el casabe elaborado con yuca de la variedad Ceiba es el más aceptado, a la vez se estableció la temperatura de secado, velocidad de transferencia de calor y rendimiento en su elaboración. Posteriormente al casabe seleccionado se le determino porcentajes de humedad, materia seca, nitrógeno proteico, proteína, cruda, fibra, ceniza, grasa, almidón y energía bruta. Se comparó la calidad química del casabe hondureño con el venezolano, encontrándose diferencias en su composición y debido a su pobre valor nutricional, pudiera afectar la salud del pueblo Garífuna de Honduras.
Music Teacher Educator Perceptions of and Engagement With Culturally Responsive Education
Authors: Bond Vanessa L. , Russell Joshua A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCulturally responsive education (CRE) has emerged as a significant thread in music education scholarship in recent years. Although researchers have gathered data about pedagogy and curriculum as it relates to CRE, music teacher educator perspectives have yet to be explored. The purpose of this study was to describe music teacher educator perceptions of CRE, its importance, and application in practice. A secondary purpose was to describe music teacher educator comfort with and frequency of using strategies aimed to develop the dispositions and knowledge needed to be a culturally responsive teacher. Through a nationwide survey of 228 music teacher educators, we found that present engagement with CRE may reflect initial entry into the pedagogy, as participants reported greatest familiarity and comfort with elements that could be considered most accessible for teacher educators, such as a definition of CRE and CRE strategies that depend on general pedagogical knowledge. To move beyond surface-level interaction with CRE, music teacher educators must adapt a CRE lens through which they enact all facets of the teacher knowledge base.
Composers and “Microgénie”: A Study of the Symphonic Sound of French Cinema in the Thirties
Authors: Rossi Jerome 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
During the thirties, French cinema was mostly accompanied by small symphonic orchestras. Through the theoretical writings on “microgénie” (i.e., quality of a composition well-written for the microphone) and the scores of Arthur Honegger, we will try to define a conception of cinematic orchestral sound of this neoclassical composer and his contemporaries. While studying the number of musicians and the orchestral parts, the microphone positioning, the diversity of orchestral devices, and some musical writing principles, we will distinguish a “French film music sound” from the Hollywood orchestral sound of the same period.
De grenzen van het deelgeschil: reactie op het artikel van Peter Knijp (TLP 2018/6)
Authors: Keizer J.G. 
Published: July 2019

De grenzen van het deelgeschil: reactie op het artikel van Peter Knijp (TLP 2018/6)
Voor welke geschillen leent de deelgeschilprocedure zich, en onder welke omstandigheden is het zinvol, of juist niet zinvol, om een deelgeschilprocedure te starten?
Una introducción a los estudios de Educación Comparada en Alemania ("Vergleichende Erziehungswissenschaft")
Authors: Martí Marco María Rosario 
Published: July 2019

Comparative Education is the disciplinary field that employs the comparative method as the dominant research procedure for scientific advancement in multidisciplinary and critical use. It concerns a brief diachronic incursion that is proceeding in Germany. Its historiographical relevance is reflected by the bibliography of the German language in books as well as in articles. It is developed within the meta-theoretical and conceptual scope of the discipline, as well as in its continuity and modernity. To this end, the new globalization paradigm is outlined in the pluralistic society of the XXI century partly due to the population mobility. Allusion is made to the terminological evolution, to the relevance of Hilker's comparative model, to the programme of methodological approaches, the educational theories and to the comparative method in Germany nowadays. This is all to take place for the purpose of the labour market and for the training and research excellence context.
Effect of Alemtuzumab Infusions on Vital Signs
Authors: Chinea Angel , Honeycutt William David , Miller Tamara , Graves Donna , Jacobs Alan , Wu Junlong , LaGanke Christopher C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background:
Alemtuzumab efficacy and safety were established in phase 3 randomized trials. We characterize vital signs during and after the first alemtuzumab infusion course.

Methods:
Patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis commercially prescribed alemtuzumab 12 mg/day on 5 consecutive days (initial course) were enrolled in this prospective, observational study. Preinfusion medications included methylprednisolone, antihistamine, and antipyretics. Primary end point: change from precourse baseline in vital signs during and 2 hours after each alemtuzumab infusion. Secondary end points: infusion duration and serious adverse events (AEs) starting within 24 hours and within 7 days after infusion (AEs collected up to 15 days after treatment). Potentially clinically significant vital sign abnormalities were based on predefined thresholds from literature review.

Results:
In the 304 patients treated, minimal increases in mean systolic (≤8 mm Hg) and diastolic (≤3 mm Hg) blood pressures from precourse baseline were observed on infusion days 3 to 5. An increase in mean heart rate (20 beats per minute) during the first infusion day normalized by day 2, and smaller increases (5 beats per minute) occurred during subsequent infusions. Serious AEs occurred in two patients (0.7%) during or within 24 hours after infusion and in three patients (1.0%) within 7 days. Mean/median infusion duration was 4 hours. Vital sign abnormalities with potential clinical significance occurred in 62.5% of patients.

Conclusions:
Although most patients had potentially clinically significant vital sign abnormalities, mean changes from baseline during and after infusion of the first alemtuzumab course were clinically insignificant. No new safety signals were detected.
Penyakit Arteri Perifer dan Mortalitas Kardiovaskular pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2
Authors: Yunir Em , Esa Dekta Filantropi , Prahasary Adelia Nova , Tahapary Dicky Levenus 
Published: July 2019

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) merupakan salah satu komplikasi makrovaskular diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) yang dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko mortalitas kardiovaskular. Pemeriksaan ankle-brachial index (ABI) merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan yang sederhana dan mudah dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis PAD. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengetahui tingkat mortalitas kardiovaskular pasien DMT2 dengan PAD. Dari hasil penelusuran literatur, didapatkan tujuh literatur. Studi Bundo dkk melaporkan hasil HR 2,45 (interval kepercayaan [IK] 95%: 0,84-7,17). Studi Mostaza dkk melaporkan hasil HR 1,64 (IK 95%: 0,64-4,49). Studi Aboyans dkk melaporkan hasil HR 2,21 (IK 95%: 1,16-4,22). Studi Mohammedi dkk melaporkan hasil HR 1,35 (IK 95%: 1,15-1,60). Studi Quiles dkk melaporkan hasil HR 6,61 (IK 95%: 2,47-17,72). Studi Mueller dkk melaporkan hasil RR 3,53 (IK 95%: 1,80-6,91). Studi lanjutan Mueller dkk melaporkan hasil RR 4,06 (IK 95%: 2,67-6,18). Dari hasil studi tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pasien DMT2 yang disertai dengan PAD akan meningkatkan mortalitas kardiovaskular, serta nilai ABI dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen stratifikasi independen mortalitas kardiovaskularKata Kunci:Ankle brachial index, diabetes melitus tipe 2, mortalitas kardiovaskular, penyakit arteri perifer Peripheral Arterial disease and Cardiovascular Mortality in Type-2 Diabetes MellitusPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is one of the simple and widely available tool to diagnose PAD. The authors aim to find out the cardiovascular mortality in T2DM patient with PAD. Bundo et al. study found HR 2.45 (95% CI: 0.84 to 7.17). Mostaza et al. study reported HR 1.64 (95% CI: 0.64 to 4.49). Aboyans et al. study declared HR 2.21 (95% CI: 1.16 to 4.22). Mohammedi K et al. claimed HR 1.35 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.60). Quiles et al. found HR 6.61 (95% CI: 2.47 to 17.72). Mueller et al. study reported RR 3,53 (95% CI: 1.80 to 6.91). Mueller et al. study reported RR 4,06 ( 95% CI: 2.67 to 6.18). In conclusion, the mortality risk in T2DM patients with PAD is higher compared to those without PAD. Moreover, an ankle-brachial index can be used as an independent stratification tool to predict the risk of cardiovascular mortality
Understanding Ultraviolet Radiation Dorsal Foot Injury at the Beach
Authors: Allen Timothy , Jackson Neil , Wagner Richard 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Efforts made to protect the dorsal aspect of the foot are currently unknown. We sought to determine whether beachgoers protect the dorsal aspect of their feet as frequently as other anatomic sites.

Methods:
A convenience sample of Galveston, Texas, beachgoers completed anonymous surveys to assess whether the dorsal foot was at risk for ultraviolet radiation (UV-R) injury. Additional information collected included demographics and general knowledge about skin cancer to determine if these variables were significantly correlated with dorsal foot protection from UV-R injury.

Results:
Of 216 respondents, only 103 used a topical UV-R barrier on their dorsal feet, while 183 applied sunscreen to the body and 133 applied sunscreen to the legs. Eighty-seven of 113 nonusers explained, “I did not think about it.” The average number of applications of sunscreen per person to the dorsal feet was less than other anatomical body sites (1.19 body applications, 0.86 leg applications, and 0.58 dorsal feet applications per person; P < .001). 58.0% of females applied sunscreen to the dorsal feet compared with only 36.5% of males (P = .001). Self-identifying Fitzpatrick skin type 5 or 6 individuals did not apply sunscreen to the dorsal foot as regularly as individuals with types 1 to 4 (84.6% versus 47.6%; P = .0001).

Conclusions:
Current skin cancer epidemiology pairs the feet and the legs together as “lower extremity.” For epidemiologic purposes, however, feet and legs should be considered distinct areas in UV-R research because they may use different photoprotection strategies.
Design of a Three-Dimensional–Printed Surgical Glove for Minimal-Incision Podiatric Surgery
Authors: Ferrer-Torregrosa Javier , Garcia-Vicente Sergio , Fernández-Ehrling Nadia , Torralba-Estellés Javier , Barrios Carlos 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Precision in minimal-incision surgery allows surgeons to achieve accurate osteotomies and patients to avoid risks. Herein, a surgical guide for the foot is designed and validated in vitro using resin foot models for hallux abducto valgus surgery.

Methods:
Three individuals with different experience levels (an undergraduate student, a master's student, and an experienced podiatric physician) performed an Akin osteotomy, a Reverdin osteotomy, and a basal osteotomy of the first metatarsal.

Results:
The average measurements of each osteotomy and the angle of the basal osteotomy do not reveal significant differences among the three surgeons. A shorter deviation from the planned measurements has been observed in variables corresponding to the Akin osteotomy (the maximum deviation in the measurement of the distance from the proximal medial end of the Akin osteotomy to the first metatarsophalangeal joint interline was 1.67 mm, and the maximum deviation from the proximal lateral end of the Akin osteotomy to the first metatarsophalangeal joint interline was 1.00 mm). As for the Reverdin osteotomies, the maximum deviations in the measurement of the distance from the proximal medial end of the osteotomy to the first metatarsophalangeal joint interline were 3.60 and 3.53 mm in the expert and undergraduate surgeons, respectively. All of the osteotomies were precise among the groups, reducing the learning curve to the maximum.

Conclusions:
The three-dimensional–printed prototype has been proven effective in guiding surgeons to perform different types of osteotomies. Minimal deviations from the predefined osteotomies were found among the three surgeons.
The Hepatotoxic Effect of Sildenafil Citrate and Its Combination with Tramadol on Male Wistar Rats is Ameliorated with Vitamin E Supplementation
Authors: Nwangwa J. N. , Udefa A. L. , Obi P. M. , Obeten C. E. , Okpa S. 
Published: July 2019

Aims: This study investigated the effect of vitamin E on serum liver enzymes and bilirubin concentrations in male Wistar rats treated with sildenafil citrate (SC) and a combination of SC and tramadol on the background that these drugs cause oxidative damage to the liver.
Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats (180-200 g) were randomly divided into six groups (n=5) thus: control (0.2 ml vehicle – olive oil), SC-treated group (Sil) (10 mg/kg of SC), SC+tramadol-treated group (Sil+Tra) (10 mg/kg of SC and 20 mg/kg of tramadol), vitamin E-treated group (Vit E) (100mg/kg of vitamin E), SC+vitamin E-treated group (Sil+Vit E) (received SC and vitamin E) and SC+tramadol+vitamin E-treated group (Sil+Tra+Vit E) (received SC, tramadol and vitamin E). Drugs were administered orally once daily for four weeks after which blood samples were obtained and used to measure serum concentrations of liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and bilirubin.
Results: Serum AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin (TB) and unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) concentrations were significantly (p<0.001) increased in Sil and Sil+Tra compared with control and Vit E and significantly (p<0.01) decreased in Sil+Vit E and Sil+Tra+Vit E compared with Sil and Sil+Tra. Serum conjugated bilirubin (CB) concentration and percentage conjugation of bilirubin significantly decreased (p<0.001) in Sil and Sil+Tra compared with control and Vit E and increased (p<0.01) in Sil+Vit E and Sil+Tra+Vit E compared with Sil and Sil+Tra.
Conclusion: SC, administered separately and in combination with tramadol altered liver function. However, vitamin E supplementation was able to ameliorate this alteration in liver function.
Antiviral Effect of Phyllanthus amarus Leaf Extract against Newcastle Disease Virus in Broilers
Authors: Faeji C. O. , Oladunmoye M. K. , Adebayo I. A. , Adebolu T. T. 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective: Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral disease of economic importance in poultry industry worldwide. This study was conducted to investigate the antiviral potential of n-hexane leaf extract from Phyllanthus amarus (P. amarus).
Methodology: A hundred and twenty day old broiler chickens were purchased and raised for the experiment. At four weeks, the birds were randomly assigned into 12 groups of 10 birds each. Chickens in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were vaccinated while those in 5, 6, 7, and 8 were left unvaccinated. Groups 9 and 10 served as the positive controls while 11 and 12 as the negative controls. All groups except the negative control were infected. To study the prophylactic effect of the extract, chickens in groups 1 and 5 received 250 mg/l while those in groups 2 and 6 received 500 mg/l of leaf extract for fourteen days before experimental infection. The chickens in groups 3 and 7 received 250 mg/l while those in groups 4 and 8 received 500 mg/l of leaf extract for fourteen days after infection with ND virus to assess the therapeutic effect of the extract. Clinical signs, bodyweight changes and mortality rates were documented. Antibody titers against the virus were determined and postmortem examination was conducted.
Results: Results revealed reduction in mortality rates following administration of the n-hexane extract after the challenge. Prophylactic administration of the extract was more effective in reducing the mortality rates of birds due to the virus infection compared to the therapeutic administration. Similarly, antibody titers decreased in a dosage dependent pattern in the prophylactic group.
Conclusion: These findings indicate that the n-hexane leaf extract from P. amarus has significant antiviral potentials against ND virus in broiler chickens and that prophylactic administration at 500 mg/l might be a safer approach in utilization of the leaf extract against Newcastle disease.
Effect of Methanolic Extract of Corchorus olitorius Leaves on Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidaemic Activities in Albino Rats
Authors: Airaodion Augustine I. , Akinmolayan Joanne D. , Ogbuagu Emmanuel O. , Airaodion Edith O. , Ogbuagu Uloaku , Awosanya Olaide O. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study sought to investigate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidaemic effect of methanolic extract of Corchorus olitorius leaves in Albino rats.
Methods: Fresh plants of C. olitorius were harvested from the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. The leaves were dried and extracted using soxhlet apparatus and methanol as the solvent. The methanol was evaporated in a rotary evaporator at 35°C with a yield of 2.17 g which represents a percentage yield of 8.68%. Ten adult male albino rats with body weight between 100 and 120 g were used for this study. They were randomly divided into two groups of five rats each. Animals in group 1 were administered saline solution while those in group 2 were administered C. olitorius extract. The animals were exposed to the extract and saline solution at a dose of 3 mL per 100 g body weight 12 hourly via oral route of administration. After fourteen days of administration, the animals were fasted overnight and anaesthetized using diethyl ether. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. Fasting blood sugar and lipid profile were determined using standard methods.
Results: C. olitorius leaves was observed to significantly lower fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride but increased HDL-cholesterol and HDL/LDL-cholesterol ratio significantly when compared to those of the control group at p<0.05.
Conclusion: The result of this study implies that C. olitorius leaves are of significant health importance as far as hyperglucosemia and hyperlipidaemia is concerned. It could also be exceedingly helpful in the control of obesity and hypertension. This pharmacological study is a useful tool for further drug development from the natural plant products.
Serum Vitamin A Content among Malnourished and Healthy Children in Kisangani City, DRC
Authors: Mukunda F. Lusamaki , Solomo E. , Moleka Mosisi , Konde Omekomba , Likaka L. E. , Litua Bosuandole , Kalenga A. Kayisu , Agasa S. Batina , Tshilumba C. Kayembe 
Published: July 2019

Summary: Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient needed by the body for various physiological functions. Its deficiency is associated with several functional disorders. The objective of this study is to determine blood vitamin A levels in malnourished and healthy children.
Methods: It is a cross-sectional analytical study, consisting of determining the vitamin A content in the blood of children suffering from malnutrition and those in good nutritional status. Our sampling was casual and 59 children aged 6 to 59 months were retained. Among them 30 healthy children chosen from those attending preschool consultation at U HC and 29 malnourished children from those followed at M TNU for the management of malnutrition. The serum vitamin A assay was performed according to the method described by Tietz. Children with serum vitamin A level below 30 μg / 100 ml had vitamin A deficiency and those with a serum level greater than or equal to 30 μg / 100 ml had good vitamin A status. Percent, average and standard deviation calculations were performed. The Chi square statistical test was used to compare serum vitamin A content in healthy and malnourished children, as well as other maternal parameters for a significance level of 0.05.
Results: from 59 children examined, 30 or 50.8% were 6-17 months old, the average age was 21.9 ± 13 months. 45.7% had a serum retinol level between 50-59 μg/100 ml; the average value was 46.84 μg ± 14.27. The prevalence of VAD was 20.3% and this deficit was more marked in children aged 6-17 months that is 50% (P<0.014). Among 12 children with VAD, 10 or 83.3% were the wealthy and two were the malnourished, the difference was statically significant (P< 0.011).
Conclusion: Vitamin A deficiency remains a major health problem in the DRC. This affect all children regardless of their current nutritional status. Supplementation with this vitamin remains one of the palliative solutions.