bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A hierarchical Bayesian brain parcellation framework for fusion of functional imaging datasets
Authors: Zhi Da , Shahshahani Ladan , Nettekoven Caroline , Pinho Ana Luísa , Bzdok Danilo , Diedrichsen Jörn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Different task-based and resting-state imaging datasets provide complementary information about the organization of the human brain. Brain parcellations based on single datasets will, therefore, be biased toward the particular type of information present in each dataset. To overcome this limitation, we propose here a hierarchical Bayesian framework that can learn a probabilistic brain parcellation across numerous task-based and resting-state datasets, exploiting their combined strengths. The framework is partitioned into a spatial arrangement model that defines the probability of each voxel belonging to a specific parcel (the probabilistic group atlas), and a set of dataset-specific emission models that define the probability of the observed data given the parcel of the voxel. Using the human cerebellum as an example, we show that the framework optimally combines information from different datasets to achieve a new population-based atlas that outperforms atlases based on single datasets. Furthermore, we demonstrate that using only 10 min of individual data, the framework is able to generate individual brain parcellations that outperform group atlases.
Values and Principles in the Antarctic Treaty and the Environmental Protocol: an Overview and Categorization
Authors: Makanse Yousra , Ortega Elena-Laura Alvarez , Molenaar Erik , Bastmeijer Kees 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Values and principles are mentioned in numerous hard law and soft law instruments within the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). However, no provision within any of the ATS instruments fully lists or describes them all. Moreover, their meaning is not elaborated upon or defined, and the relationships between values and principles are also not clearly stated. This paper aims to identify ATS values and principles by examining two hard law instruments: the Antarctic Treaty and the Protocol on Environmental Protection. Based on definitions of the concepts of ‘value’ and ‘principle’, the paper provides an overview of the values and principles included in these instruments and proposes a categorization. Through this examination, the authors aim to expand the comprehension and elucidation of the ATS values and principles while also stimulating further research on the topic. A more structural understanding and attention to the values and principles can prove fundamental in further shaping Antarctic governance and developing new regulatory instruments.
Constructions in contact between Armenian and Iranian
Authors: Fattori Marco 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this article the interpretation of the Armenian verb karem ‘be able’ as a borrowing from Parthian kar- ‘do’ is discussed. It is argued that the verb was borrowed into Armenian with the meaning ‘be able’ assumed by Parthian kar- in the so-called “potential” construction. Then, some reflections are offered on the theoretical issues raised by this peculiar case, claiming that it can be effectively described in the framework of Diasystematic Construction Grammar. Finally, some remarks are added on the Iranian origin of Arm. bawem ‘suffice, be enough’ and kari ‘strongly, very much’, claiming that, despite being derived from the same roots involved in the “potential” construction, these words did not follow the same borrowing path as karem.
Judicial Imposition of the Death Penalty and Corporal Punishment in Iran and Saudi Arabia for Unlawful Consensual Sexual Relations under Shari’a: A Human Rights Critique
Authors: Ssenyonjo Manisuli 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Islamic law (Shari’a) protects the right to marry between a man and a woman of marriageable age based on free and full consent of the intending spouses and to found a family. It prohibits all forms of sexual relations outside marriage including consensual premarital sexual intercourse (fornication), extramarital sexual intercourse (adultery), and consensual same-sex sexual acts between adults in private. Severe penalties are imposed including the death penalty for adultery, or consensual same-sex sexual acts and corporal punishments in the form of whip lashes/flogging for fornication. Both the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia criminalise all consensual sexual relations outside marriage between a man and a woman based on domestic interpretations of Shari’a. Both States also impose the death penalty, including in the most extreme instance, stoning to death, persons convicted of consensual sexual relations outside marriage such as adultery and consensual same-sex sexual acts between adult males in private. In practice, sentences are applied in a discriminatory way affecting predominantly women and girls. In addition, corporal punishment of flogging is imposed on unmarried persons convicted of sexual intercourse outside marriage or imposed on women convicted of consensual same-sex sexual acts. This article considers whether the criminalisation of such sexual relations and the judicial imposition of the death penalty and/or corporal punishment are compatible with the international human rights obligations of Iran and Saudi Arabia as State parties to several international human rights treaties. It makes observation on whether Islamic States with specific reference to Iran and Saudi Arabia can comply with international human rights law while applying Islamic law.
Man beyond the Sea 海外人: Hong Qisheng 洪棄生 (1866–1928) and a Peripheral Poetics of Qing Taiwan (1683–1895)
Authors: Stewart Hardy 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Even after the Qing Dynasty began to consider Taiwan an official province of the empire in 1887, the island never held its own provincial examination, which continued to take place in Fujian. Paired with the unreliability of ocean conditions and the poverty of maritime technologies, persistently high failure rates at the continental tests (despite preferential pass quotas for Taiwan examinees) encouraged island literati to move in a seasonal oscillation across the seas. Through the case study of Hong Qisheng, a self-proclaimed “man beyond the sea” who crossed the strait eight times in his failed endeavor to pass the provincial rounds, I propose that this ocean oscillation and other features of Qing administration, such as ocean-centric test prompts and west-facing platforms, reinforced the examinee’s attention to the imperium’s limits, guiding his expression of provenance and poetic style. Hong’s readers, meanwhile, celebrated this style as a product of the periphery.
Cost consequences analysis of early vocational rehabilitation compared with usual care for stroke survivors
Authors: Pyne Sarah , Sach Tracey H , Cameron Rory , Risebro Helen , Wright-Hughes Alexandra , Thompson Ellen , Watkins Dame Caroline , Bowen Audrey , Stevens Judith , Farrin Amanda J , McKevitt Christopher , Murray John D , O’Connor Rory J , Phillips Julie , Radford Kate A ,   on behalf of the RETAKE research group *
Published: December 2024

Objective To compare costs and consequences of Early Stroke Specialist Vocational Rehabilitation (ESSVR) with usual care in working age, stroke survivors over 12 months. Design An economic evaluation nested within the pragmatic, multi-centre, randomised, controlled RETurn to work After stroKE (RETAKE) study. Setting Twenty-one English and Welsh National Health Service (NHS) hospital-based stroke units. A UK NHS and Personal Social Services perspective was taken in the base-case and a wider perspective (participant, family, employer and other public services) in a secondary analysis. Participants A total of 583 stroke survivors age ≥18 years (mean 54.0 years, 69% male). Interventions Participants were randomised to ESSVR, an early, individually tailored (in content, dose, intensity and duration) intervention, plus usual care or usual care alone. Main measures Disease-specific resource-use data and EQ-5D-5L (health-related quality of life) collected at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. Resource-use items were valued using unit costs in UK£ 2021/22. EQ-5D-5L was used to estimate Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). If ESSVR was found effective, an incremental cost-utility analysis was planned, otherwise a cost-consequence analysis. Results The clinical study found no evidence of a between-group difference in the proportion of participants returning to work at 12 months. This, and the level of missing data, means a cost-consequence analysis is reported. Using imputed data, ESSVR plus usual care is estimated to be more expensive with slightly higher QALYs compared with usual care. Conclusions Early Stroke Specialist Vocational Rehabilitation is unlikely to be considered cost-effective over 12 months, which fits with the clinical finding of no between-group difference in return-to-work rates post-stroke. Clinical trial registration information The ISRCTN registry: ISRCTN12464275 https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12464275
The effect of bogie side components on the aerodynamic noise generation of the leading car of a high-speed train
Authors: He Yuan , Thompson David , Hu Zhiwei 
Published: December 2024

This study investigates numerically the effects of bogie side component positions on the flow behaviour and aerodynamic noise of high-speed trains. To reduce simulation cost, the model size and flow speed are scaled down, while ensuring that the Reynolds number remains within a range conducive to similar flow behaviour. The Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation method with Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is adopted for flow simulations. The time histories of the wall pressures are employed to predict the far field noise using the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation. Analysis of pressure fluctuations on the bogie and car body show that, as the bogie side components protrude further into the flow, the area exhibiting strong noise source on the bogie surfaces increases, while it decreases on the rear walls of the bogie cavity. The aeroacoustic results reveal that the radiated noise rises at higher frequencies and drops below 160 Hz for the bogie and 300 Hz for the car body as the side components protrude further. When the bogie side components are shifted outwards by 400 mm, the overall unweighted sound pressure reduces by 2 dB but the A-weighted level increases by 2.5 dB. The total A-weighted sound power level is increased by 2.9 dB compared to the reference case.
“They are perceived to be witches, and some are killed”: Community perceptions of elderly people living with dementia in Kilifi, Kenya
Authors: Aballa Andrew , Khakali Linda , Njoroge Willie , Kamau Lucy W , Merali Zul , Bosire Edna N 
Published: December 2024

Background The risk of dementia, including the most common form, Alzheimer's disease, is forecasted to increase in low- and middle-income countries due to longer lifespans and the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases. However, little research has been conducted on the knowledge and perceptions about dementia in rural communities in Kenya. Objective To explore the community's knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about dementia in Kilifi County, a resource constrained rural coastal area in Kenya. Methods We conducted an ethnographic study comprising five focused group discussions (n = 35, each with 7–8 people) and 25 key informant interviews with various stakeholders from Kilifi County. The interviews and discussions were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results There was a general lack of knowledge about dementia by community members. People suspected to have dementia were labeled using stigmatizing and derogatory words such as “ neurologically deficient”, “ crazy”, or “ wendawazimu” [mad person]. Dementia was also associated with normal aging. Others associated neurodegenerative behaviors associated with dementia to witchcraft or curses. This led to individuals suspected to have dementia being isolated from the community, neglected, dispossessed assets, killed or denied medical care. Conclusions Dementia is not well understood in Kilifi County, Kenya. People with dementia are stigmatized, neglected and socially excluded from community. Our results could be leveraged by the Kenyan government, the healthcare system, and communities to develop policies and strategies for protecting elderly people with dementia and improving their care, especially in rural areas.
Sharing is caring: a network collaborative approach to identify and address barriers in accessing clinical trials in adolescents and young adults with leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Hesko Caroline , Heath Jessica , Roth Michael E. , Mittal Nupur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Leukemia and lymphoma are 2 common hematologic cancers in adolescents and young adults (AYAs, age 15-39 years at diagnosis); however, this population has historically had lower clinical trial enrollment and less dramatic improvements in overall survival compared to other age populations. Several unique challenges to delivering care to this population have affected drug development, clinical trial availability, accessibility, and acceptance, all of which impact clinical trial enrollment. Recently, several national and institutional collaborative approaches have been utilized to improve trial availability and accessibility for AYAs with hematologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the known barriers to cancer clinical trial enrollment and potential approaches and solutions to improve enrollment for AYAs with leukemia and lymphoma on clinical trials.
The lasting impact of the ACA: how Medicaid expansion reduces outcome disparities in AYAs with leukemia and lymphoma
Authors: Hu Xin , Castellino Sharon M. , Ji Xu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The Affordable Care Act (ACA), fully implemented in 2014, introduced reforms to Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), aiming to enhance health care access for vulnerable populations. Key provisions that can influence health outcomes in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with blood cancers include Medicaid expansion, which covers adults with income less than or equal to 138% of the federal poverty level based on modified adjusted gross income (MAGI), streamlined eligibility and enrollment processes, CHIP and Medicaid integration, and dependent coverage reform. Non-MAGI eligibility pathways based on age, disability, or waiver programs provide alternative routes for Medicaid coverage. By improving insurance coverage, providing affordable care and financial protection, and addressing health-related social needs such as transportation to care, Medicaid expansion has the potential to mitigate outcome disparities along the continuum of AYA blood cancer care. However, challenges persist due to coverage gaps in nonexpansion states, complexities in administrative processes to maintain continuous coverage, and barriers to accessing specialists for complex, AYA-focused multidisciplinary cancer care. The ending of the COVID-19 public health emergency's Medicaid Continuous Enrollment Provision has disrupted coverage for many AYAs. Given limited research evaluating the impact of the ACA on AYA blood cancer outcomes, more evidence is needed to guide future policies tailored to this vulnerable population. Despite encouraging progress following the ACA, continued collaborative efforts between policymakers, health care providers, patient advocates, and researchers are essential for identifying targeted strategies to ensure continuous and affordable coverage, access to specialized and coordinated care, and fewer disparities in AYA blood cancer outcomes.
Through thick and thin: confronting the aggressive cutaneous T-cell lymphomas
Authors: Stuver Robert , Horwitz Steven M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) comprise a diverse set of diseases with equally diverse presentations ranging from asymptomatic solitary lesions to highly aggressive diseases with propensity for visceral spread. The more aggressive CTCLs, which herein we consider as certain cases of advanced-stage mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome (MF/SS), primary cutaneous CD8+ aggressive epidermotropic cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma (PCAETCL), and primary cutaneous gamma delta T-cell lymphoma (PCGDTCL), require systemic therapy. Over the last 5 years, treatment options for MF/SS have expanded with biological insights leading to new therapeutic options and increasingly unique management strategies. An enhanced appreciation of the compartmental efficacy of these agents (skin, blood, lymph nodes, visceral organs) is incorporated in current management strategies in MF/SS. In addition, approaches that combine modalities in attempts to increase depth and durability of responses across multiple compartments are being trialed. In contrast to MF/SS, PCAETCL and PCGDTCL remain diseases with few prospective studies to guide treatment. However, recent genomic insights on these diseases, such as the presence of JAK2 fusions in PCAETCL and cell of origin findings in PCGDTCL, have created options for new biomarker-driven strategies.
BV and beyond: how to incorporate novel agents into PTCL management
Authors: Nizamuddin Imran A. , Mehta-Shah Neha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogenous yet aggressive group of lymphomas that arise from mature T- or NK-cell precursors. Nodal PTCLs include anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, PTCL not otherwise specified, and follicular helper T-cell lymphomas. Recent advances in understanding these heterogenous diseases have prompted investigation of novel agents to improve on treatment. Brentuximab vedotin, a CD30 antibody-drug conjugate, has been incorporated into frontline treatment regimens of CD30-expressing PTCLs based on the ECHELON-2 trial. Multiple ongoing trials are evaluating the addition of other targeted agents in the frontline and relapsed/refractory setting. These include single-agent brentuximab vedotin, histone deacetylase inhibitors, duvelisib, ruxolitinib, EZH2 inhibitors, and azacitidine, among others. Follicular helper T-cell lymphomas, given frequent mutations in epigenetic regulator genes, may preferentially respond to agents such as histone deacetylase inhibitors, EZH2 inhibitors, and hypomethylating agents. As these therapies evolve in their use for both relapsed/refractory disease and then into frontline treatment, subtype-specific therapy will likely help personalize care for patients with PTCL.
Mutation- and MRD-informed treatments for transplant-ineligible patients
Authors: Lachowiez Curtis A. , DiNardo Courtney D. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The ongoing development of molecularly targeted therapies in addition to the new standard of care combination of azacitidine and venetoclax (AZA-VEN) has transformed the prognostic outlook for older, transplant-ineligible patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While conventional treatments, such as standard anthracycline and cytarabine- based chemotherapy or hypomethylating agent (HMA) monotherapy, are associated with a generally poor prognosis in this patient population, the use of these novel regimens can result in long-lasting, durable remissions in select patient subgroups. Furthermore, the simultaneous discovery of resistance mechanisms to targeted therapies and AZA-VEN has enabled the identification of patient subgroups with inferior outcomes, leading to the development, of new risk-stratification models and clinical investigations incorporating targeted therapies using an HMA-VEN–based platform. Treatments inclusive of IDH1, IDH2, FLT3, and menin inhibitors combined with HMA-VEN have additionally demonstrated safety and high rates of efficacy in early-phase clinical trials, suggesting these regimens may further improve outcomes within select subgroups of patients with AML in the near future. Additional studies defining the prognostic role of measurable residual disease following VEN-based treatment have further advanced prognostication capabilities and increased the ability for close disease monitoring and early targeted intervention prior to morphologic relapse. This review summarizes these recent developments and their impact on the treatment and survival of transplant-ineligible patients living with AML.
Transplant-associated TMA: the conundrum of diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Li Ang , Sartain Sarah E. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA) after hematopoietic cell transplantation is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) with persistent schistocytosis, elevated markers of hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and microvascular thrombosis leading to ischemic injuries in the kidneys and other organs. The initial evaluation of the disease requires confirmation of non-immune MAHA and careful examination of known secondary causes of TMA. Due to increased likelihood of long-term renal failure and overall mortality, a rapid diagnosis and treatment of the underlying trigger is needed. However, the diagnostic criteria proposed to define TA-TMA remain insufficient. sC5b9, the soluble form of the membrane attack complex of the terminal complement pathway, is the most studied prognostic biomarker for the disease, though its sensitivity and specificity remain suboptimal for clinical use. Current evidence does not support the cessation of calcineurin inhibitors without cause or the use of therapeutic plasma exchange. Many recent single-arm studies targeting the complement pathway inhibition have been reported, and larger randomized controlled trials are ongoing. This review aims to provide an evidence-based discussion from both adult and pediatric perspectives on the advances and conundrums in TA-TMA diagnosis and treatment.
Warfarin and heparin monitoring in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Mittal Prabal , Sayar Zara , Cohen Hannah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Anticoagulation is central to the management of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), an acquired thrombo-inflammatory disorder characterized by thrombosis (venous, arterial, or microvascular) or pregnancy morbidity, in association with persistent antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL; ie, 1 or more of lupus anticoagulant [LA], anticardiolipin, anti-beta-2- glycoprotein I, IgG, or IgM antibodies). The mainstay of anticoagulation in patients with thrombotic APS is warfarin or an alternative vitamin K antagonist (VKA) and, in certain situations, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) or unfractionated heparin (UFH). Accurate assessment of anticoagulation intensity underpins optimal anticoagulant dosing for thrombus treatment or primary/secondary prevention. In patients with APS on warfarin, the international normalized ratio (INR) may not be representative of anticoagulation intensity due to an interaction between LA and the thromboplastin reagent used in the INR determination. In this review, we summarize the use of warfarin/VKA in patients with APS, along with venous and point-of-care INR monitoring. We also discuss the role and monitoring of LMWH/UFH, including in the anticoagulant refractory setting and during pregnancy.
Newborn screening initiatives for sickle cell disease in Africa
Authors: Nnodu Obiageli E. , Okeke Chinwe Onyinye , Isa Hezekiah Alkali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic blood disorder in high prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that leads to high morbidity and early mortality. Newborn screening (NBS) with evidence-based interventions saves lives of individuals with SCD. SSA accounts for 75% of the global prevalence of SCD, but it has not been able to implement universal NBS for SCD. This article examines policy framework for NBS in SSA; the methods, processes, barriers, and enablers of NBS; and enrollment in comprehensive care to make available the evidence-based interventions that caregivers need to access in order to save the lives of babies with SCD.