bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reorganization of cerebro‐cerebellar circuit in patients with left hemispheric gliomas involving language network: A combined structural and resting‐state functional MRI study
Authors: Zhang Nan , Xia Mingrui , Qiu Tianming , Wang Xindi , Lin Ching‐po , Guo Qihao , Lu Junfeng , Wu Qizhu , Zhuang Dongxiao , Yu Zhengda , Gong Fangyuan , Farrukh Hameed N. U. , He Yong , Wu Jinsong , Zhou Liangfu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe role of cerebellum and cerebro‐cerebellar system in neural plasticity induced by cerebral gliomas involving language network has long been ignored. Moreover, whether or not the process of reorganization is different in glioma patients with different growth kinetics remains largely unknown. To address this issue, we utilized preoperative structural and resting‐state functional MRI data of 78 patients with left cerebral gliomas involving language network areas, including 46 patients with low‐grade glioma (LGG, WHO grade II), 32 with high‐grade glioma (HGG, WHO grade III/IV), and 44 healthy controls. Spontaneous brain activity, resting‐state functional connectivity and gray matter volume alterations of the cerebellum were examined. We found that both LGG and HGG patients exhibited bidirectional alteration of brain activity in language‐related cerebellar areas. Brain activity in areas with increased alteration was significantly correlated with the language and MMSE scores. Structurally, LGG patients exhibited greater gray matter volume in regions with increased brain activity, suggesting a structure–function coupled alteration in cerebellum. Furthermore, we observed that cerebellar regions with decreased brain activity exhibited increased functional connectivity with contralesional cerebro‐cerebellar system in LGG patients. Together, our findings provide empirical evidence for a vital role of cerebellum and cerebro‐cerebellar circuit in neural plasticity following lesional damage to cerebral language network. Moreover, we highlight the possible different reorganizational mechanisms of brain functional connectivity underlying different levels of behavioral impairments in LGG and HGG patients.
Pretreatment metabolic tumor volume as a prognostic factor in HPV‐associated oropharyngeal cancer in the context of AJCC 8th edition staging
Authors: Floberg John M. , DeWees Todd A. , Chin Re‐I , Garsa Adam A. , Dehdashti Farrokh , Nussenbaum Brian , Oppelt Peter J. , Adkins Douglas R. , Gay Hiram A. , Thorstad Wade L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study evaluates the prognostic significance of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography ([F‐18]FDG‐PET)‐derived metabolic tumor volume (MTV) in human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) in the context of AJCC 8th edition staging.MethodsWe performed a retrospective study of HPV‐associated OPSCCs treated with postoperative or definitive radiation. The prognostic significance of pretreatment MTV for freedom from recurrence (FFR), freedom from distant metastasis (FFDM), and overall survival (OS) was determined using Kaplan‐Meier analysis. Multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed using Cox regression.ResultsIn this 153‐patient cohort, stratifying by the optimum MTV (24 cm3) was prognostic for FFR (P = .0002), FFDM (P = .001), and OS (P < .0001). Metabolic tumor volume (MTV) was prognostic of FFR in AJCC 8th edition stage I/II (P = .03), and stage III patients (P = .04). On multivariate analysis only MTV was a significant factor for OS.ConclusionMetabolic tumor volume (MTV) is a significant prognostic factor in HPV‐associated OPSCCs, independent of AJCC 8th edition stage.
Sinonasal renal cell‐like adenocarcinoma: Easily misdiagnosed sinonasal tumor
Authors: Wu Ching‐Nung , Chuang I‐Chieh , Chuang Ming‐Jung , Chen Wei‐Chih 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSinonasal renal cell‐like adenocarcinoma is rare and exhibits unique pathological and clinical manifestations. Correct diagnosis and treatment of this newly described entity are challenging for both clinicians and pathologists.MethodsWe report a female patient with sinonasal renal cell‐like adenocarcinoma who initially presented with right intermittent epistaxis.ResultsA 26‐year‐old woman presented with a 1‐year history of right intermittent epistaxis and hyposmia. Nasal endoscopy revealed a reddish tumor in the right nasal cavity. An MRI revealed a hyperintense tumor arising from the right olfactory cleft accompanied by prominent feeding vessels originating from the anterior ethmoid artery (AEA). We performed a bicoronal incision with ligation of the AEA followed by endoscopic resection of the skull base tumor. The patient is currently free of recurrence.ConclusionThis is the first study to review the clinical features of sinonasal renal cell‐like adenocarcinoma. We recommend surgical resection as the mainstay of treatment.
Lingual lymph nodes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue and the floor of the mouth
Authors: Jia Jun , Jia Meng‐qi , Zou Hai‐xiao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment failure for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) frequently takes the form of local and regional recurrences. We investigated the role of lingual lymph nodes (LLNs) in the recurrence of SCC of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.MethodsA total of 111 patients with SCC of the tongue and the floor of the mouth who received treatment between 2012 and 2017 were included in this study. The patients with lingual lymph nodes that were confirmed to be metastasis on pathological examination were classified into the LNN group. The demographic and clinical data differences between the No‐LLN group and the LLN group were compared. Statistical analyses were performed using the Pearson chi‐square testResultsThe total incidence of LLNs was 17.12% (19/111) and 5 patients (4.5%) demonstrated LLN metastases. All the patients with LLN metastases had a neck lymph node status of N2 classification. The incidence and metastasis of the LLNs were associated with pathological classifications of SCC of the tongue and the floor of the mouth.ConclusionsLLNs are rare in patients with SCC of the tongue and the floor of the mouth, and they would be ready to be omitted. The dissection of these LLNs would be of benefit to those patients with advanced pathological grade.
Schistosoma mansoni Egg–Secreted Antigens Activate Hepatocellular Carcinoma–Associated Transcription Factors c‐Jun and STAT3 in Hamster and Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Roderfeld Martin , Padem Sevinc , Lichtenberger Jakob , Quack Thomas , Weiskirchen Ralf , Longerich Thomas , Schramm Gabriele , Churin Yuri , Irungbam Karuna , Tschuschner Annette , Windhorst Anita , Grevelding Christoph G. , Roeb Elke 
Published: July 2018

Clinical data have provided evidence that schistosomiasis can promote hepatocellular carcinogenesis. c‐Jun and STAT3 are critical regulators of liver cancer development and progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatocellular activation of c‐Jun and STAT3 by Schistosoma mansoni infection. Expression and function of c‐Jun and STAT3 as well as proliferation and DNA repair were analyzed by western blotting, electrophoretic mobility‐shift assay, and immunohistochemistry in liver of S. mansoni–infected hamsters, Huh7 cells, primary hepatocytes, and human liver biopsies. Hepatocellular activation of c‐Jun was demonstrated by nuclear translocation of c‐Jun, enhanced phosphorylation (Ser73), and AP‐1/DNA‐binding in response to S. mansoni infection. Nuclear c‐Jun staining pattern around lodged eggs without ambient immune reaction, and directionally from granuloma to the central veins, suggested that substances released from schistosome eggs were responsible for the observed effects. In addition, hepatocytes with c‐Jun activation show cell activation and DNA double‐strand breaks. These findings from the hamster model were confirmed by analyses of human biopsies from patients with schistosomiasis. Cell culture experiments finally demonstrated that activation of c‐Jun and STAT3 as well as DNA repair were induced by an extract from schistosome eggs (soluble egg antigens) and culture supernatants of live schistosome egg (egg‐conditioned medium), and in particular by IPSE/alpha‐1, the major component secreted by live schistosome eggs. The permanent activation of hepatocellular carcinoma–associated proto‐oncogenes such as c‐Jun and associated transcription factors including STAT3 by substances released from tissue‐trapped schistosome eggs may be important factors contributing to the development of liver cancer in S. mansoni–infected patients. Therefore, identification and therapeutic targeting of the underlying pathways is a useful strategy to prevent schistosomiasis‐associated carcinogenesis.
Long noncoding RNAs and their epigenetic function in hematological diseases
Authors: Huang Hanying , Sun Jingnan , Sun Yunpeng , Wang Cong , Gao Sujun , Li Wei , Hu Ji‐Fan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRecent discoveries demonstrate the importance of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the regulation of multiple major processes impacting development, differentiation, and metastasis of hematological diseases through epigenetic mechanisms. In contrast to genetic changes, epigenetic modification does not modify genes but is frequently reversible, thus providing opportunities for targeted treatment using specific inhibitors. In this review, we will summarize the function and epigenetic mechanism of lncRNA in malignant hematologic diseases.
Dark triad personalities and counterproductive work behaviors among physicians in China
Authors: Ying Liu , Cohen Aaron 
Published: July 2018

SummaryThe goal of this study was to examine the relationship between the dark triad personality (DTP) and organizational and individual counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs), based on the argument that situational variables mediate this relationship. The data were collected at Beijing Children's Hospital, the largest children's hospital in China. Paper and pencil questionnaires were distributed to 200 randomly selected physicians, of whom 168 responded, an 84% response rate. The findings of regression analysis and mediation analysis show a strong relationship between the DTP and CWBs. Of the three traits of the DTP, Machiavellianism was significantly related to both dimensions of CWBs, organizational and interpersonal. The findings also show that the relationship examined here was affected by mediators, particularly organizational commitment and organizational justice, emphasizing the effect of the environment on the behavior of dark personalities. The environment, represented by the mediators, had no effect on narcissists' CWB, and psychological contract breach was the only mediator found to have no mediating effect. The paper concludes with suggestions and recommendations for future research, in particular in different settings.
Health sector decentralisation in Tanzania: How do institutional capacities influence use of decision space?
Authors: Kigume Ramadhani , Maluka Stephen 
Published: July 2018

SummaryWhile decentralisation of health systems has dominated political arena in the low‐income and middle‐income countries since the 1970s, there is scarcity of studies on how organisational capacities influence the ability of the decentralised local‐level officials to use the available decision space. Using qualitative approach through in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions in 4 districts in Tanzania, this study explored how organisational capacities influence the use of decision space available in the 5 broad categories namely planning, finance, human resources, service organisation, and governance. The findings of the study indicated that while the district health managers had authority in many health system functional areas, limited capacity of the local government in financial resources highly affected their capacity to make use of the available decision space. In addition, while the district health managers had skills, knowledge, and experiences in preparing district health plans, health facilities and community representatives had limited capacity. Most of the health facilities had critical shortage of skilled health providers. Similarly, health committees had limited capacity in knowledge and skills. This study concludes that decentralisation will only improve delivery of health services when an appropriate degree of discretion is combined with adequate institutional capacities to enable exercise of those authorities. The district councils and the Ministry of Health should strengthen the capacities of health service providers and members of health committees and boards.
Task sharing: Development of evidence‐based co‐management strategy model for screening, detection, and management of diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Shah Mufarriq , Noor Ayesha , Ormsby Gail M. , Islam Fakir Amirul , Harper Colin Alex , Keeffe Jill Elizabeth 
Published: July 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe number of adults with diabetes is increasing worldwide and also the number of people with diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major complication of diabetes. Task sharing in eye care for people with diabetes could address the shortage in the number of ophthalmologists and increase access to eye care services. This study investigated the opinion of eye care professionals for a checklist of tasks, which are involved in DR management, to be possibly shared by optometrists and mid‐level eye and health care workers with ophthalmologists.MethodsThe study used a purposive sampling technique. All available eye and health care workers from five selected hospitals in two provinces in Pakistan were recruited. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted to investigate the potential roles of various cadres in eye care delivery for people with diabetes.ResultsNinety‐six (79%) participants including doctors (n = 56), optometrists (n = 29), and mid‐level eye care workers (n = 11) responded to the survey. Two‐thirds of the participants suggested mid‐level eye care workers, while 88.5% stated that lady health workers could provide education and health promotion to people with diabetes. Most of the participants (88.5%) suggested that optometrists could share the task of dilated ophthalmoscopy with ophthalmologists for detection of DR and make referrals to ophthalmologists if needed. Ophthalmologists remained the recommended cadre to undertake the eye examinations of patients with proliferative DR and diabetic macular edema.ConclusionThis research provided an insight on how task sharing in DR management can be implemented by optimizing the roles of eye care workers.
Expected returns and expected dividend growth in Europe: Legal origin, institutional, and financial determinants
Authors: Rambaccussing Dooruj , Power David 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper uses a present value approach to show that price movements for equity indices in a sample of European stock markets can be traced to legal origin, institutional, and corporate financial factors. The present value literature states that stock indices move due to changes either in discount rates, dividend growth, or a combination of the two. Empirically, little is known about the mechanism through which legal, institutional, and corporate financial factors influence these variables, especially in a European context. The current paper attempts to plug this gap in the literature. Using the state space approach, we show that although expected returns are highly persistent, expected dividend growth tends to vary across the sample. Movements in markets are mainly due to changes in the discount rate. However, there appears to be a difference in the proportion of movements attributable to discount rate and dividend growth components. Stock markets in civil law countries tend to have a stronger link with the dividend growth variables as well as market size and activity measures. Expected dividend growth is also driven by profitability factors in both types of country. By contrast, there is no strong evidence of corporate indicators influencing expected returns.
Inter‐annual variability of global monsoon precipitation in present‐day and future warming scenarios based on 33 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 models
Authors: Ni Yan , Hsu Pang‐Chi 
Published: July 2018

Simulations and future projections of year‐to‐year variation in global monsoon precipitation (GMP), defined as the summer precipitation amount per unit area within the global monsoon domain, are investigated using the 33 models that participated in Phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The inter‐annual standard deviation of GMP, which presents the amplitude of year‐to‐year variability in monsoon rainfall, is simulated well by the multi‐model ensemble (MME) mean of the 33 models and of the best five (B5) models. The B5 models show superior skills in reproducing the climatological monsoon precipitation and its inter‐annual variability. The inter‐annual standard deviations of 25‐year GMP in the present day (1979–2005) derived from the MME average of the 33 models and of the B5 models are 0.17 and 0.15 mm/day per unit area, respectively, both being close to the observation (0.16 mm/day per unit area). Consistent with the observed El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–GMP relationship, the simulated variability of GMP is negatively correlated with the sea surface temperature in the Niño areas at the inter‐annual timescale.Projections by the 33 CMIP5 models under the RCP4.5 scenario indicate that wet and dry monsoon years would occur more intensively in a warmer climate. Around 61% (20 out of the 33) of the models show enhanced inter‐annual variability of GMP by the end of the 21st century (2072–2098) compared to the period 1979–2005. The MME of the B5 models suggests that the amplitude of projected GMP variability would increase by ~20% from present day to the late 21st century. However, the increasing rate of GMP variability detected by the 33 models’ MME is relatively small (~6%), which is even smaller than the inter‐model standard deviation, suggesting the amplitude changes in GMP variability feature non‐negligible uncertainty among the 33 models. Under global warming, the inter‐annual variation of GMP would still be tightly connected with ENSO, although the projected amplitude changes in ENSO variability are noticeably diverse across the 33 CMIP5 models. The enhanced amplitude of inter‐annual GMP variability may be attributable to the increase in mean‐state moisture associated with global warming. The dynamic effect related to changes in the variability of monsoon circulation is small and less robust among the 33 CMIP5 models.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Very Young Children: Diagnostic Agreement Between ICD‐11 and DSM‐5
Authors: Vasileva Mira , Haag Ann‐Christin , Landolt Markus A. , Petermann Franz 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in very young children depends on the diagnostic criteria. Thus far, studies have investigated the International Classification of Diseases (11th rev.; ICD‐11) criteria for PTSD only in samples of children older than 6 years of age. The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic agreement between the ICD‐11 and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM‐5) criteria for children who are 6 years old and younger. Caregivers of children aged 3–6 years in foster care in Germany (N = 147) and parents of children aged 1–4 years who had attended a hospital in Switzerland following burn injuries (N = 149) completed a questionnaire about children's PTSD. Rates of PTSD were calculated according to ICD‐11 (considering a specific and a more general conceptualization of intrusive memories) and DSM‐5 criteria and were compared using McNemar's tests and Cohen's kappa. The proportion of children who met the ICD‐11 criteria was 0.6–25.8% lower than the proportion of PTSD cases according to the DSM‐5 criteria. The diagnostic agreement between each ICD‐11 algorithm and DSM‐5 was moderate, κ = 0.52–0.66. A systematic investigation of adaptions of the ICD‐11 avoidance cluster identified alternative symptom combinations leading to higher agreement with the DSM‐5 requirements. Furthermore, DSM‐5 had higher predictive power for functional impairment than the ICD‐11 algorithms. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the ICD‐11 criteria show less sensitivity in very young children, which can be explained by the more stringent avoidance cluster.
Upper airway reconstruction using long‐range optical coherence tomography: Effects of airway curvature on airflow resistance
Authors: Kimbell Julia S. , Basu Saikat , Garcia Guilherme J.M. , Frank‐Ito Dennis O. , Lazarow Frances , Su Erica , Protsenko Dimitry , Chen Zhongping , Rhee John S. , Wong Brian J. 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesAdenotonsillectomy (AT) is commonly used to treat upper airway obstruction in children, but selection of patients who will benefit most from AT is challenging. The need for diagnostic evaluation tools without sedation, radiation, or high costs has motivated the development of long‐range optical coherence tomography (LR‐OCT), providing real‐time cross‐sectional airway imaging during endoscopy. Since the endoscope channel location is not tracked in conventional LR‐OCT, airway curvature must be estimated and may affect predicted airway resistance. The study objective was to assess effects of three realistic airway curvatures on predicted airway resistance using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in LR‐OCT reconstructions of the upper airways of pediatric patients, before and after AT.MethodsEight subjects (five males, three females, aged 4–9 years) were imaged using LR‐OCT before and after AT during sedated endoscopy. Three‐dimensional (3D) airway reconstructions included three airway curvatures. Steady‐state, inspiratory airflow simulations were conducted under laminar conditions, along with turbulent simulations for one subject using the k‐ω turbulence model. Airway resistance (pressure drop/flow) was compared using two‐tailed Wilcoxon signed rank tests.ResultsRegardless of the airway curvatures, CFD findings corroborate a surgical end‐goal with computed post‐operative airway resistance significantly less than pre‐operative (P < 0.01). The individual resistances did not vary significantly for different airway curvatures (P > 0.25). Resistances computed using turbulent simulations differed from laminar results by less than ∼5%.ConclusionsThe results suggest that reconstruction of the upper airways from LR‐OCT imaging data may not need to account for airway curvature to be predictive of surgical effects on airway resistance. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:150–160, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.