bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lncRNA SCARNA2 mediates colorectal cancer chemoresistance through a conserved microRNA‐342‐3p target sequence
Authors: Zhang Peng‐Fei , Wu Jing , Wu Yin , Huang Wei , Liu Min , Dong Zhao‐Ru , Xu Bai‐Ying , Jin Yong , Wang Fei , Zhang Xue‐Mei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in numerous physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development and progression. However, the role and molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in resistance to chemotherapy of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain enigmatic. Here, we found that lncRNA small Cajal body‐specific RNA 2 (SCARNA2) is expressed higher in CRC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues, and a robust expression of SCARNA2 is correlated with a bad prognosis of CRC patients after surgery. SCARNA2 overexpression significantly promoted chemoresistance in CRC cells, and downregulation of SCARNA2 obviously inhibited chemoresistance in vitro. SCARNA2 promotes chemotherapy resistance via competitively binding miR‐342‐3p to facilitate epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) expression in CRC cells. Together, our results reveal a novel pathway that SCARNA2 regulates CRC chemoresistance through targeting miR‐342‐3p‐EGFR/BCL2 pathway, providing a promising therapeutic target for CRC.
Circular RNA CCDC66 targets DCX to regulate cell proliferation and migration by sponging miR‐488‐3p in Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: Wen Zechao , Shen Qiyang , Zhang Hua , Su Yang , Zhu Zhongxian , Chen Guanglin , Peng Lei , Li Hongxing , Du Chunxia , Xie Hua , Xu Xiaoqun , Tang Weibing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIt has been suggested that circular RNAs play critical roles in natural growth and disease development. Nevertheless, whether the circular RNAs were related in Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) remains unknown. Thus, we discovered the cir‐CCDC66 was downregulated in HSCR compared with the normal gut tissues. The cir‐CCDC66 reduction might inhibit cells’ proliferation and migration in vitro. Then, we found that DCX transcript was putative cir‐CCDC66 competing endogenous RNA. Furthermore, the function of cir‐CCDC66 as a sponge for miR‐488‐3p to regulate DCX RNA expression was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays. In conclusion, this is the first report revealing that cir‐CCDC66 modulates DCX expression through sponging miR‐488‐3p and thus participates in the onset of HSCR.
An unusual pelvic mass: Contrast‐enhanced sonographic diagnosis of pelvic splenosis
Authors: Kruger Ross , Freeman Simon 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSplenosis is an unusual condition representing auto‐transplantation of splenic tissue following splenic trauma or surgery. When detected on imaging studies, the splenosis deposits are usually misinterpreted as pathological masses. We present a case where a pelvic mass incidentally visualized on an MRI examination, was proven to represent a deposit of splenosis by contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). CEUS demonstrated persistent late‐phase enhancement characteristic of splenic tissue. Ultrasound practitioners should be aware of this condition when an unusual abdominal or pelvic mass is encountered in a patient with a history of splenic trauma or surgery. CEUS is ideally suited to confirming the diagnosis.
Variations in contents of hyaluronan in the peritumoral micro‐environment of human chondrosarcoma
Authors: Fede Caterina , Stecco Carla , Angelini Andrea , Fan Chenglei , Belluzzi Elisa , Pozzuoli Assunta , Ruggieri Pietro , De Caro Raffaele 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTA concept consolidated in recent years is that tumor growth depends to a great extent on the micro‐environment surrounding the tumor, which has a fundamental role in tumor progression and in determining the effectiveness of therapies. Our analysis focuses on chondrosarcoma, the second primary malignant bone tumor, resistant to both chemotherapeutic and radiation therapy. We quantified hyaluronan, one of the main components of the extracellular matrix, with the aim of comparing its amount in the connective tissue surrounding the tumor with intra‐tumoral tissue and healthy fascia of the same anatomic district, viewed as a health control. We demonstrate that hyaluronan increased significantly in the peritumoral stroma compared with the healthy fascia, which showed an average amount according to the physical characteristics of body districts by a mean value of 26.9 μg/g. In the peritumoral stroma, the mean hyaluronan content reached 132.6 μg/g (mean value of 63.2 μg/g). The p‐value was less than 0.01, showing a highly significant statistical difference. Surprisingly, no significant differences were detected as a function of age, gender, or tumor grade. The levels of hyaluronan were comparable in peritumoral and tumor tissues, although there were differences depending on the state of necrosis. In addition, data on the expression of hyaluronic acid synthetase showed a decrease of about 50% in peritumoral and tumor tissues, indicating alterations in hyaluronan turnover and synthesis. This work demonstrates a variation in hyaluronan contents around the chondrosarcoma, likely correlated with the aggressiveness and resistance to chemotherapy of this tumors. Statement of Clinical Significance: Deeper knowledge about the composition of the peritumoral stroma, rich in extracellular matrix, will enhance better study and understanding of the metastatic potential of tumors and their prognostic indices. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:503–509, 2019.
Semiconducting Polymer Spherulites—From Fundamentals to Polymer Electronics
Authors: Dingler Carsten , Dirnberger Klaus , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe control of the morphology of semiconducting semicrystalline polymers is crucial to the performance of various electronic devices. Among other superstructures in semicrystalline polymers, spherulites stand out for various reasons. They are highly ordered, relatively easy to grow, and their underlying molecular structure provides anisotropic optical and electronic properties of the resulting polymeric material. In this feature article, a short overview of classical crystallization theory is given as well as a brief introduction to spherulites as supermolecular structures. The article then focuses on semicrystalline polymers with semiconducting properties. From classical melt crystallization toward solvent vapor annealing, different strategies of growing spherulites of these types of polymers are presented and examples of the corresponding polymers and their resulting morphology are given. Eventually, the potential application of spherulitic thin films in organic electronics such as field‐effect transistors is demonstrated. Conductivity and mobility measurements are shown, particularly focusing on the anisotropy of the latter.
The synthesis of cyclic polymers by olefin metathesis: Achievements and challenges
Authors: Edwards Julian P. , Wolf William J. , Grubbs Robert H. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTCyclic polymers have drawn considerable interest for their peculiar physical properties in comparison to linear polymers, despite their equivalent compositions. Synthetically, cyclic polymers can be accessed through either macrocyclic ring‐closure or by ring‐expansion polymerization, but the main challenge with either method is the production of highly pure cyclic polymer samples. This highlight describes advances in the area of cyclic polymer synthesis, with a particular focus on ring‐expansion metathesis polymerization. Methods for characterizing cyclic polymers and assessing their purity are also discussed in order to emphasize the need for additional robust and reliable methods for synthesizing and studying topologically complex macromolecules. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 228–242
Bioinspired 3D Printed Locomotion Devices Based on Anisotropic Friction
Authors: Ma Shuanhong , Scaraggi Michele , Yan Changyou , Wang Xiaolong , Gorb Stanislav N. , Dini Daniele , Zhou Feng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnisotropic friction plays a key role in natural systems, particularly for realizing the purpose of locomotion and strong attachment for the survival of organisms. Of particular interest, here, is the observation that friction anisotropy is promoted numerous times by nature, for example, by wild wheat awn for its targeted and successful seed anchorage and dispersal. Such feature is, however, not fully exploited in man‐made systems, such as microbots, due to technical limitations and lack of full understanding of the mechanisms. To unravel the complex dynamics occurring in the sliding interaction between anisotropic microstructured surfaces, the friction induced by asymmetric plant microstructures is first systematically investigated. Inspired by this, anisotropic polymer microactuators with three‐dimensional (3D) printed microrelieves are then prepared. By varying geometric parameters, the capability of microactuators to generate strong friction anisotropy and controllable motion in remotely stretched cylindrical tubes is investigated. Advanced theoretical models are proposed to understand and predict the dynamic behavior of these synthetic systems and to shed light on the parameters and mechanisms governing their behavior. Finally, a microbot prototype is developed and cargo transportation functions are successfully realized. This research provides both in‐depth understanding of anisotropic friction in nature and new avenues for developing intelligent actuators and microbots.
A New Class of Zn1‐xFex–Oxyselenide and Zn1‐xFex–LDH Nanostructured Material with Remarkable Bifunctional Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalytic Activities for Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Rajeshkhanna Gaddam , Kandula Syam , Shrestha Khem Raj , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe scalable and cost‐effective H2 fuel production via electrolysis demands an efficient earth‐abundant oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction (OER, and HER, respectively) catalysts. In this work, for the first time, the synthesis of a sheet‐like Zn1‐xFex–oxyselenide and Zn1‐xFex–LDH on Ni‐foam is reported. The hydrothermally synthesized Zn1‐xFex–LDH/Ni‐foam is successfully converted into Zn1‐xFex–oxyselenide/Ni‐foam through an ethylene glycol‐assisted solvothermal method. The anionic regulation of electrocatalysts modulates the electronic properties, and thereby augments the electrocatalytic activities. The as‐prepared Zn1‐xFex–LDH/Ni‐foam shows very low OER and HER overpotentials of 263 mV at a current density of 20 mA cm−2 and 221 mV at 10 mA cm−2, respectively. Interestingly, this OER overpotential is decreased to 256 mV after selenization and the HER overpotential of Zn1‐xFex–oxyselenide/Ni‐foam is decreased from 238 to 202 mV at 10 mA cm−2 after a stability test. Thus, the Zn1‐xFex–oxyselenide/Ni–foam shows superior bifunctional catalytic activities and excellent durability at a very high current density of 50 mA cm−2. More importantly, when the Zn1‐xFex–oxyselenide/Ni‐foam is used as the anode and cathode in an electrolyzer for overall water splitting, Zn1‐xFex–oxyselenide/Ni‐foam(+)ǁZn1‐xFex–oxyselenide/Ni‐foam(‐) shows an appealing potential of 1.62 V at 10 mA cm−2. The anionic doping/substitution methodology is new and serves as an effective strategy to develop highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts.
Transparent Electronics Using One Binary Oxide for All Transistor Layers
Authors: Alshammari Fwzah H. , Hota Mrinal K. , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA novel process is developed in which thin film transistors (TFTs) comprising one binary oxide for all transistor layers (gate, source/drain, semiconductor channel, and dielectric) are fabricated in a single deposition system at low temperature. By simply changing the flow ratio of two chemical precursors, C8H24HfN4 and (C2H5)2Zn, in an atomic layer deposition system, the electronic properties of the binary oxide (Hf
xZn1−xO2−δ or HZO) are tuned from conducting, to semiconducting, to insulating. Furthermore, by carefully optimizing the properties of the various transistor HZO layers, all‐HZO thin film transistors are achieved with excellent performance on both glass and plastic substrates. Specifically, the optimized all‐HZO TFTs show a saturation mobility of ≈17.9 cm2 V−1 s−1, low subthreshold swing of ≈480 mV dec−1, high Ion/Ioff ratio of >109, and excellent gate bias stability at elevated temperatures. In addition, all‐HZO inverters with high DC voltage gain (≈470), and all‐HZO ring oscillators with low stage delay (≈408 ns) and high oscillation frequency of 245 kHz are demonstrated. This approach presents a novel, simple, high performance, and cost‐effective process for the fabrication of indium‐free transparent electronics.
Tailoring Oxygen Vacancies of BiVO4 toward Highly Efficient Noble‐Metal‐Free Electrocatalyst for Artificial N2 Fixation under Ambient Conditions
Authors: Yao Jia‐Xin , Bao Di , Zhang Qi , Shi Miao‐Miao , Wang Yue , Gao Rui , Yan Jun‐Min , Jiang Qing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAmmonia (NH3) is vital to human beings as an important energy carrier, fertilizer precursor, and fuel, while breakage of the NN bond in nitrogen (N2) is a kinetically complex and energetically challenging multistep reaction. Development of electrocatalysts for efficient NH3 electrosynthesis via the N2 reduction reaction (NRR) is highly desirable but remains a key challenge. In this work, based on the density functional theory calculations, a novel and effective strategy to boost the nitrogen electroreduction performance of BiVO4 by tailoring its oxygen vacancies (OVs) is first proposed and demonstrated. Unexpectedly, the noble‐metal‐free BiVO4 with the highest OVs concentration shows excellent NRR performances, including high NH3 yield rate (up to 8.60 µg h−1 mg−1cat.), high faradaic efficiency (10.04% at −0.5 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode), and good stability (up to 24 h) at ambient conditions, outperforming most reported NRR electrocatalysts under ambient conditions and even some under harsh conditions, which can be attributed to enhanced N2 adsorption energy and a more favorable active reaction site at the V atom with lower coordination and higher spin‐polarization with a localized magnetic moment due to the introduction of OVs.
Molecular dynamics simulations of macromolecular crystals
Authors: Cerutti David S. , Case David A. 
Published: November 2018

The structures of biological macromolecules would not be known to their present extent without X‐ray crystallography. Most simulations of globular proteins in solution begin by surrounding the crystal structure of the monomer in a bath of water molecules, but the standard simulation employing periodic boundary conditions is already close to a crystal lattice environment. With simple protocols, the same software and molecular models can perform simulations of the crystal lattice, including all asymmetric units and solvent to fill the box. Throughout the history of molecular dynamics, studies of crystal lattices have served to investigate the quality of the underlying force fields, correlate the simulated ensembles to experimental structure factors, and extrapolate the behavior in lattices to behavior in solution. Powerful new computers are enabling molecular simulations with greater realism and statistical convergence. Meanwhile, the advent of exciting new methods in crystallography, including femtosecond free‐electron lasers and image reconstruction for time‐resolved crystallography on slurries of small crystals, is expanding the range of structures accessible to X‐ray diffraction. We review past fusions of simulations and crystallography, then look ahead to the ways that simulations of crystal structures will enhance structural biology in the future.This article is categorized under:

Molecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Dynamics and Monte‐Carlo Methods
Structure and Mechanism > Computational Biochemistry and Biophysics
Psychiatric disorders and autism in young children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome compared to children with idiopathic autism
Authors: Serur Yaffa , Frumber Dafin Sofrin , Daon Keren , Sobal-Havia Dolly , Weinberger Ronnie , Shulman Cory , Gothelf Doron 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a neurogenetic condition characterized by high rates of psychiatric disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first study to assess psychiatric disorders in young children with 22q11DS using a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview, and one of few studies to use the complete gold standard diagnostic evaluation to examine the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in young children with 22q11DS and compare it to a matched control group with iASD.We identified the psychiatric disorders and autistic phenotype of young children with 22q11DS (age 3–8 years) and compared them with those of age and sex-matched children with idiopathic autism (iASD). We used the gold standard psychiatric and ASD assessments including the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) and a clinical examination by a child psychiatrist.Eighty-four percent of the children with 22q11DS had at least one psychiatric disorder, including anxiety disorders and ADHD, and 16% met strict criteria for ASD. Children with 22q11DS and ASD symptoms had less severe overall ASD symptoms than those with iASD. Children with 22q11DS, regardless of ASD diagnosis, were characterized by repetitive restricted behaviors.Our results highlight the need to screen for psychiatric disorders in 22q11DS and treat them already in preschool years.
Natural ring structures on the Baikal ice cover: analysis of experimental data and mathematical modeling
Authors: Granin N.G. , Mizandrontsev I.B. , Kozlov V.V. , Tsvetova E.A. , Gnatovskii R.Yu. , Blinov V.V. , Aslamov I.A. , Kucher K.M. , Ivanov V.G. , Zhdanov A.A. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Hydrophysical studies and mathematical modeling of ring structures during ice cover on Lake Baikal have shown that their existence at the stage of ice cover degradation is due to anticyclonic currents. Such currents can be generated as a result of local upwelling, which we associate with the rise of methane hydrates from the top layer of bottom sediments and their dissociation. Analysis of satellite images shows that the radii of ice rings range from 1300 to 2400 m, which is close to the baroclinic Rossby radius. The measured ice thicknesses in the area of the rings are in agreement with model calculations. Deep water renewal in Lake Baikal can also be associated with the rise of hydrates.
Characterization and simplification of optimal strategies in positive stochastic games
Authors: Flesch János , Predtetchinski Arkadi , Sudderth William 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We consider positive zero-sum stochastic games with countable state and action spaces. For each player, we provide a characterization of those strategies that are optimal in every subgame. These characterizations are used to prove two simplification results. We show that if player 2 has an optimal strategy then he/she also has a stationary optimal strategy, and prove the same for player 1 under the assumption that the state space and player 2's action space are finite.
Infinite-server queues with Hawkes input
Authors: Koops D. T. , Saxena M. , Boxma O. J. , Mandjes M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper we study the number of customers in infinite-server queues with a self-exciting (Hawkes) arrival process. Initially we assume that service requirements are exponentially distributed and that the Hawkes arrival process is of a Markovian nature. We obtain a system of differential equations that characterizes the joint distribution of the arrival intensity and the number of customers. Moreover, we provide a recursive procedure that explicitly identifies (transient and stationary) moments. Subsequently, we allow for non-Markovian Hawkes arrival processes and nonexponential service times. By viewing the Hawkes process as a branching process, we find that the probability generating function of the number of customers in the system can be expressed in terms of the solution of a fixed-point equation. We also include various asymptotic results: we derive the tail of the distribution of the number of customers for the case that the intensity jumps of the Hawkes process are heavy tailed, and we consider a heavy-traffic regime. We conclude by discussing how our results can be used computationally and by verifying the numerical results via simulations.
Fat mass estimation in neonates: anthropometric models compared with air displacement plethysmography
Authors: Josefson Jami L. , Nodzenski Michael , Talbot Octavious , Scholtens Denise M. , Catalano Patrick 
Published: November 2018

AbstractNewborn adiposity, a nutritional measure of the maternal–fetal intra-uterine environment, is representative of future metabolic health. An anthropometric model using weight, length and flank skinfold to estimate neonatal fat mass has been used in numerous epidemiological studies. Air displacement plethysmography (ADP), a non-invasive technology to measure body composition, is impractical for large epidemiological studies. The study objective was to determine the consistency of the original anthropometric fat mass estimation equation with ADP. Full-term neonates were studied at 12–72 h of life with weight, length, head circumference, flank skinfold thickness and ADP measurements. Statistical analyses evaluated three models to predict neonatal fat mass. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient, mean prediction error and root mean squared error between the predicted and observed ADP fat mass values were used to evaluate the models, where ADP was considered the gold standard. A multi-ethnic cohort of 468 neonates were studied. Models (M) for predicting fat mass were developed using 349 neonates from site 1, then independently evaluated in 119 neonates from site 2. M0 was the original anthropometric model, M1 used the same variables as M0 but with updated parameters and M2 additionally included head circumference. In the independent validation cohort, Lin’s concordance correlation estimates demonstrated reasonable accuracy (model 0: 0·843, 1: 0·732, 2: 0·747). Mean prediction error and root mean squared error in the independent validation was much smaller for M0 compared with M1 and M2. The original anthropometric model to estimate neonatal fat mass is reasonable for predicting ADP, thus we advocate its continued use in epidemiological studies.
Interpreting physical and mental metaphors: Is Theory of Mind associated with pragmatics in middle childhood?
Authors: LECCE Serena , RONCHI Luca , DEL SETTE Paola , BISCHETTI Luca , BAMBINI Valentina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe investigated the association between individual differences in metaphor understanding and Theory of Mind (ToM) in typically developing children. We distinguished between two types of metaphors and created a Physical and Mental Metaphors task, echoing a similar distinction for ToM. Nine-year-olds scored lower than older age-groups in ToM as well as in the interpretation of mental, but not physical, metaphors. Moreover, nine-year-olds (but not older children) who are better in ToM are also better in interpreting mental, but not physical, metaphors. This suggests that the link between metaphor and ToM is stronger when metaphorical interpretation involves mental aspects, and it is more evident in early rather than later childhood.