bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local traditional foods contribute to diversity and species richness of rural women’s diet in Ecuador
Authors: Penafiel Dolores , Cevallos-Valdiviezo Holger , Espinel Ramón , Van Damme Patrick 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the dietary diversity and the nutrient contribution of traditional foods (locally cultivated and wild) by conducting a food intake study in rural Ecuador.Design:Repeated 24 h recalls over a 14 d interval and frequency of consumption served to simulate the usual diet by the Multiple Source Method. Data on missing visits (n11) were imputed using multivariate imputation by chained equations. The intakes of three macro- and six micronutrients were reported. Nutrient Adequacy Ratios, Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), Dietary Species Richness (DSR) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women were used as measures of dietary quality. A linear quantile mixed model was used to investigate the association between DSR, local species, MAR, age, education and occupation.Setting:Guasaganda, Cotopaxi (Ecuador).Participants:Rural, indigenous adult women, non-pregnant and not breast-feeding.Results:The studied diet had MAR of 0·78. Consumption of traditional foods contributed 38·6 % of total energy intake. Daily requirements for protein, carbohydrates, Fe and vitamin C were reached. An extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for macronutrients of 0·033 (P< 0·001). On the other hand, an extra level of consumption of local species was associated with an increase in median MAR for micronutrients of 0·052 (P< 0·001).Conclusions:We found statistical evidence that traditional foods contribute to adequate intakes of macro- and micronutrients and dietary diversification in the studied population. Future public health interventions should promote the cultivation and consumption of traditional foods to increase the quality of the local diet.
Jewish Refugee Children in the Netherlands during World War II: Migration, Settlement, and Survival
Authors: Keesing Miriam , Tammes Peter , Simpkin Andrew J. 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on Jewish refugee children who fled the Third Reich after the Kristallnacht in November 1938 either using the so-called Kindertransport (Children’s Transport) or by crossing the border illegally. Many parents, desperate after the Kristallnacht, sent their children abroad alone. About 1,800 arrived in the Netherlands. While for some the Netherlands was an intermediate stop, many stayed. We use a mixed-method approach with the aim of providing a better understanding of the survival rates of refugee children using information from several sources. The qualitative research provides illustrative individual experiences of child refugees and facilitates the formulation of hypotheses of settlement trajectories on risks of deportation and being killed, which are then tested using a quantitative approach. Gathering information into a database allows us to estimate the risk associated the living situation and place in the Netherlands. Among 863 Kindertransport children staying in the Netherlands in July 1942, 74 percent were deported and of those deported 81 percent were killed. Differences in settlement trajectories resulted in different risks of deportation and death. Children living with family or relatives had a higher risk of being deported than those living with foster parents or in institutions. Children living with foster parents had a similar risk of deportation to those living in institutions. Changing household type did not alter risk of deportation, while moving places increased this risk. Children deported from foster parents’ households had an increased risk of death after deportation compared to those deported from institutions, indicating an enduring effect of household type.
Non–2,4-D–resistant cotton response to glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline tank contamination
Authors: Manuchehri Misha R. , Dotray Peter A. , Keeling J. Wayne , Morgan Gaylon D. , Byrd Seth A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractField trials were conducted near Lubbock, TX, in 2013, 2014, and 2015 to evaluate non–2,4-D–resistant cotton response to low rates of glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline. Cotton was treated with five rates of glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline (0.0183, 0.183, 1.83, 18.3, and 183 g ae ha−1) at two application timings (nine leaf and first bloom). These rates correspond to contamination rates of 0.0008%, 0.008%, 0.08%, 0.8%, and 8%, respectively. Visual cotton injury, boll retention, lint yield, and fiber properties were recorded. When averaged over contamination rates, visual injury after applications made to nine-leaf cotton was greater than for first-bloom cotton in three of 3 yr and yield loss was greater when applications were made to nine-leaf cotton when compared with first-bloom cotton in two of 3 yr. Averaged over application timing, lint yield in 2013, 2014, and 2015 after glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline contamination rates of 0.0008% and 0.008% were not different than that of the nontreated control, whereas contamination rates of 0.08%, 0.8%, and 8% decreased yield by 3% to 20%, 45% to 58%, and 80% to 96%, respectively. Contamination rates of 0.0008%, 0.008%, 0.08%, and 0.8% rarely affected fiber quality; however, a contamination rate of 8% frequently decreased micronaire, fiber length, fiber length uniformity, and fiber strength. This decrease in fiber quality also resulted in a reduction in cotton loan value and potential financial return. Although decreases in fiber quality parameters were not observed with the 0.8% contamination rate, significant reductions in financial return occurred due to yield loss caused by injury from glyphosate plus 2,4-D choline.
Sensitivity of Atmospheric Rivers to Damping of Midlatitude Subseasonal Variability
Authors: Swenson Erik T. , Stan Cristiana 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe examine how atmospheric rivers (ARs) over the North Pacific basin respond to relaxation in midlatitudes in sets of reforecasts made with the Community Atmosphere Model using superparameterized convection. The study focuses on January–March 2015 with weekly staggered initial conditions and sea surface temperature prescribed. In one set of reforecasts, zonal and meridional winds, temperature, and specific humidity are relaxed within the midlatitude band 40–70°N and compared with a control set of reforecasts made without relaxation. Meteorological parameters are relaxed to the smooth seasonal evolution of the control simulations (the seasonal mean, trend, and parabolic fit), about which subseasonal deviations are damped. Relaxation has a systematic impact on the Pacific circulation and on different AR types. Damping subseasonal variability acts to anchor the West Pacific trough and deepen height anomalies at 40°N, as well as modify the total number and duration of AR events. Although largely offset by changes in the number of events, individual AR events with moisture originating from midlatitudes tend to have shorter lifetimes, while AR events with moisture from the tropics tend to last longer.
Toward Calibrated Language for Effectively Communicating the Results of Extreme Event Attribution Studies
Authors: Lewis Sophie C. , King Andrew D. , Perkins‐Kirkpatrick Sarah E. , Wehner Michael F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExtreme event attribution studies attempt to quantify the role of human influences in observed weather and climate extremes. These studies are of broad scientific and public interest, although quantitative results (e.g., that a specific event was made a specific number of times more likely because of anthropogenic forcings) can be difficult to communicate accurately to a variety of audiences and difficult for audiences to interpret. Here, we focus on how results of these studies can be effectively communicated using standardized language and propose, for the first time, a set of calibrated terms to describe event attribution results. Using these terms and an accompanying visual guide, results are presented in terms of likelihood of event changes and the associated uncertainties. This standardized language will allow clearer communication and interpretation of probabilities by the public and stakeholders.
Reaction Between Mid‐Ocean Ridge Basalt and Lower Oceanic Crust: An Experimental Study
Authors: Yang Alexandra Yang , Wang Chunguang , Liang Yan , Lissenberg C. Johan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractReaction between mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) and crystal mush in the lower oceanic crust has been invoked to explain chemical variations of both MORB and minerals in the lower oceanic crust. Nonetheless, such reactions have been little studied experimentally. We conducted experiments to investigate the mechanisms and chemical consequences of melt‐mush interaction by reacting molten MORB with troctolite at 0.5 GPa. Isothermal experiments demonstrate that melt infiltrates into troctolite with dissolution of plagioclase and olivine. The reacted melts have higher MgO and Al2O3 and lower TiO2 and Na2O contents and crystallize more primitive olivine and plagioclase compared to those crystallized from the unreacted melts, suggesting melt‐mush reaction could result in the formation of high‐Al basalt. The melt compositional variations induced by reaction also significantly affect the calculated pressures for MORB fractionation, indicating that major element‐based barometers for MORB fractionation can only be used reliably if reaction can be ruled out. After reaction, the troctolite contains olivine with plagioclase inclusions and poikilitic clinopyroxene with partially resorbed olivine and plagioclase chadacrysts, indicating that melt‐mush interaction occurs through dissolution‐reprecipitation mechanisms. Clinopyroxene has high Mg# (>83) and elevated Na2O and TiO2 contents, and olivine has different Fo versus Ni correlations from fractional crystallization models, which provide testable parameters for the effect of melt‐mush reaction in the rock record. By comparison with samples from lower oceanic crust and layered intrusions, we propose that melt‐mush reaction plays an important role during magma transport in the crystal mush in both oceanic and continental magma systems.
A Multivariate Approach for Mapping Lithospheric Domain Boundaries in East Antarctica
Authors: Stål Tobias , Reading Anya M. , Halpin Jacqueline A. , Whittaker Joanne M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBeneath the ice of East Antarctica lies a continent that is likely to be as geologically complex as its neighbors in Gondwana. An improved model of the heterogeneous lithosphere is required to progress research on Antarctica's tectonic evolution and support interdisciplinary studies of cryosphere and solid Earth interaction. We make use of multiple data sets, which were updated following the field campaigns and compilations of the International Polar Year of 2007/2008. Seismic tomography results, gravity anomalies, and surface elevation are used in a novel method, which combines spatial multivariate data to map possible boundaries as projected likelihood functions. Six multivariate combinations are tested and compared with sparse geological observations in East Antarctica. The resulting lithospheric domain boundaries contribute to our understanding of the deep continental structure. New boundaries are suggested in the interior, and models agree with likely surface expressions of crustal tectonic boundaries exposed along the coast.
On the Sources of the Ionospheric Variability in the South American Magnetic Anomaly During Solar Minimum
Authors: Moro J. , Xu J. , Denardini C. M. , Resende L. C. A. , Silva R. P. , Liu Z. , Li H. , Yan C. , Wang C. , Schuch N. J. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe investigate for the first time the variability of the F2 layer critical frequency (foF2), its peak height (hmF2), the thickness parameter B0, and the E region critical frequency (foE) over Santa Maria (29.7° S, 53.7° W, dip angle = −37°), a station located in the central region of the South American Magnetic Anomaly. The selected ionospheric parameters were obtained from ionograms recorded by a recent Digisonde Portable Sounder 4‐D. The time period covers 309 days from 1 September 2017 to 30 August 2018. The diurnal analyses revealed a large day‐to‐day ionospheric variability, with some peculiarities as a strong semiannual pattern superimposed to expected ionospheric behavior. Furthermore, the results show significant differences between the averaged foF2 in December and June solstices, revealing a possible presence of the annual asymmetry. The coefficient of variation (CV) is used as a quantitative description of the variability of each parameter versus time and season. Considering low solar flux and geomagnetically quiet days only, we note that CV is smaller during the daytime and larger during nighttime for all parameters. The least variable ionospheric parameter in our study is foE, while the most variable one is B0. Regarding the F2 layer parameters, we observe that foF2 is much more variable than hmF2. We attribute the observed CV to the neutral atmosphere source over Santa Maria. The ionospheric variability is in general enhanced during geomagnetically disturbed periods. The estimated CV is higher over Santa Maria than Wuhan, China (30.5° N, 114.4° E, dip angle = 46°), a station with no influence of the South American Magnetic Anomaly.
The GFDL Global Ocean and Sea Ice Model OM4.0: Model Description and Simulation Features
Authors: Adcroft Alistair , Anderson Whit , Balaji V. , Blanton Chris , Bushuk Mitchell , Dufour Carolina O. , Dunne John P. , Griffies Stephen M. , Hallberg Robert , Harrison Matthew J. , Held Isaac M. , Jansen Malte F. , John Jasmin G. , Krasting John P. , Langenhorst Amy R. , Legg Sonya , Liang Zhi , McHugh Colleen , Radhakrishnan Aparna , Reichl Brandon G. , Rosati Tony , Samuels Bonita L. , Shao Andrew , Stouffer Ronald , Winton Michael , Wittenberg Andrew T. , Xiang Baoqiang , Zadeh Niki , Zhang Rong 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe document the configuration and emergent simulation features from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) OM4.0 ocean/sea ice model. OM4 serves as the ocean/sea ice component for the GFDL climate and Earth system models. It is also used for climate science research and is contributing to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project version 6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project. The ocean component of OM4 uses version 6 of the Modular Ocean Model and the sea ice component uses version 2 of the Sea Ice Simulator, which have identical horizontal grid layouts (Arakawa C‐grid). We follow the Coordinated Ocean‐sea ice Reference Experiments protocol to assess simulation quality across a broad suite of climate‐relevant features. We present results from two versions differing by horizontal grid spacing and physical parameterizations: OM4p5 has nominal 0.5° spacing and includes mesoscale eddy parameterizations and OM4p25 has nominal 0.25° spacing with no mesoscale eddy parameterization. Modular Ocean Model version 6 makes use of a vertical Lagrangian‐remap algorithm that enables general vertical coordinates. We show that use of a hybrid depth‐isopycnal coordinate reduces the middepth ocean warming drift commonly found in pure z* vertical coordinate ocean models. To test the need for the mesoscale eddy parameterization used in OM4p5, we examine the results from a simulation that removes the eddy parameterization. The water mass structure and model drift are physically degraded relative to OM4p5, thus supporting the key role for a mesoscale closure at this resolution.
A Global High‐Resolution Data Set of Soil Hydraulic and Thermal Properties for Land Surface Modeling
Authors: Dai Yongjiu , Xin Qinchuan , Wei Nan , Zhang Yonggen , Shangguan Wei , Yuan Hua , Zhang Shupeng , Liu Shaofeng , Lu Xingjie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractModeling land surface processes requires complete and reliable soil property information to understand soil hydraulic and heat dynamics and related processes, but currently, there is no data set of soil hydraulic and thermal parameters that can meet this demand for global use. In this study, we propose a fitting approach to obtain the optimal soil water retention parameters from ensemble pedotransfer functions (PTFs), which are evaluated using the global coverage National Cooperative Soil Survey Characterization Database and show better performance for global applications than our original ensemble estimations (median values of PTFs) as done in Dai et al. (2013, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM‐D‐12‐0149.1). Soil hydraulic conductivities are still estimated as the median values of multiple PTFs, and the results are shown to perform comparably to the estimates from the existing precision‐advanced models. Soil thermal properties are estimated following the schemes identified by Dai et al. (2019a, http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.04579), which evaluated several highly recommended schemes based on their land modeling applications. Using these approaches, we develop two global high‐resolution data sets of soil hydraulic and thermal parameters based on Global Soil Dataset for Earth System Models (GSDE) and SoilGrids soil composition databases. The delivered variables include six basic soil properties, four soil hydraulic parameters in the Campbell (1974, https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694‐197406000‐00001) model, five soil hydraulic parameters in the van Genuchten (1980, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1980.03615995004400050002x) model, and four soil thermal properties. The delivered data sets are available at a 30″ × 30″ geographical spatial resolution and provide four sets of vertical profiles following the resolutions of SoilGrids, Noah‐Land Surface Models (LSM), Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), and Common Land Model/Community Land Model (CoLM/CLM). The data sets can be used in both regional and global applications.
Somatic cell nuclear transfer in non-enucleated goldfish oocytes: understanding DNA fate during oocyte activation and first cellular division
Authors: Rouillon Charlène , Depincé Alexandra , Chênais Nathalie , Le Bail Pierre-Yves , Labbé Catherine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNuclear transfer consists in injecting a somatic nucleus carrying valuable genetic information into a recipient oocyte to sire a diploid offspring which bears the genome of interest. It requires that the oocyte (maternal) DNA is removed. In fish, because enucleation is difficult to achieve, non-enucleated oocytes are often used and disappearance of the maternal DNA was reported in some clones. The present work explores which cellular events explain spontaneous erasure of maternal DNA, as mastering this phenomenon would circumvent the painstaking procedure of fish oocyte enucleation. The fate of the somatic and maternal DNA during oocyte activation and first cell cycle was studied using DNA labeling and immunofluorescence in goldfish clones. Maternal DNA was always found as an intact metaphase within the oocyte, and polar body extrusion was minimally affected after oocyte activation. During the first cell cycle, only 40% of the clones displayed symmetric cleavage, and these symmetric clones contributed to 80% of those surviving at hatching. Maternal DNA was often fragmented and located under the cleavage furrow. The somatic DNA was organized either into a normal mitotic spindle or abnormal multinuclear spindle. Scenarios matching the DNA behavior and the embryo fate are proposed.
Extracellular matrix and morphogenesis in cnidarians: a tightly knit relationship
Authors: Bergheim Bruno Gideon , Özbek Suat 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Cnidarians, members of an early-branching metazoan phylum, possess an extracellular matrix (ECM) between their two epithelial cell layers, called the mesoglea. The cnidarian ECM, which is best studied in Hydra, contains matrix components reflective of both interstitial matrix and basement membrane. The identification of core matrisome components in cnidarian genomes has led to the notion that the basic composition of vertebrate ECM is of highly conserved nature and can be traced back to pre-bilaterians. While in vertebrate classes ECM factors have often diverged and acquired specialized functions in the context of organ development, cnidarians with their simple body plan retained direct links between ECM and morphogenesis. Recent advances in genetic manipulation techniques have provided tools for systematically studying cnidarian ECM function in body axis patterning and regeneration.
Consumer Opinion of Personal Sound Amplification Products: A Preliminary Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Lakshmi Magudilu Srishyla Kumar , Rout Ayasakanta , Morris Ariana , Smaldino Joseph 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to preliminarily investigate the sentiments associated with consumer opinions of personal sound amplification products (PSAPs).

Method

Online reviews of 21 popular PSAPs were collected from the
Amazon.com
website. The reviews for each product were exported to compile individual product-specific text files. A sentiment mining analysis was completed to aggregate the number of positive and negative comments for each product. In addition, the effect of value for money, available features, perceived benefit, and overall perception of PSAPs was evaluated. A correlational analysis was completed to examine the relationship between different PSAP features and the number of positive and negative comments.

Results
Mixed-model analysis of variance showed a significantly higher number of positive comments for high- and mid-cost products in terms of overall perception and perceived benefit compared to low-cost products. For feature attribute, high-cost products had significantly higher positive comments compared to mid- and low-cost products. There was a strong correlation between price and positive comments and a moderate correlation between price and negative comments. Also, there was a significant moderate correlation between presence of compression and feedback suppression PSAP features and positive comments.

Conclusions
Positive sentiments expressed toward PSAPs were found to favor high- and mid-level products. However, there was a considerably high number of negative sentiments reported across all the PSAPs investigated. The noticeable thing is that the negative comments do not change significantly across price ranges. However, the positive comments significantly increase with an increase in product price range. This indicates a possible increase in benefit with high-cost products. However, this claim requires further empirical evidence through controlled studies.