bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Child Population Samples
Authors: Madigan Sheri , Thiemann Raela , Deneault Audrey-Ann , Fearon R. M. Pasco , Racine Nicole , Park Julianna , Lunney Carole A. , Dimitropoulos Gina , Jenkins Serena , Williamson Tyler , Neville Ross D. 
Published: November 2024

ImportanceExposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) before the age of 18 years is a major contributor to the global burden of disease and disability.ObjectiveTo meta-analyze data from samples with children 18 years or younger to estimate the average prevalence of ACEs, identify characteristics and contexts associated with higher or lower ACE exposure, and explore methodological factors that might influence these prevalence estimates.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsStudies that were published between January 1, 1998 and February 19, 2024, were sourced from MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINHAL, and Embase. Inclusion criteria required studies to report the prevalence of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 or more ACEs using an 8- or 10-item ACEs questionnaire (plus or minus 2 items), include population samples of children 18 years or younger, and be published in English. Data from 65 studies, representing 490 423 children from 18 countries, were extracted and synthesized using a multicategory prevalence meta-analysis. These data were analyzed from February 20, 2024, through May 17, 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresACEs.ResultsThe mean age of children across studies was 11.9 (SD, 4.3) years, the age range across samples was 0 to 18 years, and 50.5% were female. The estimated mean prevalences were 42.3% for 0 ACEs (95% CI, 25.3%-52.7%), 22.0% for 1 ACE (95% CI, 9.9%-32.7%), 12.7% for 2 ACEs (95% CI, 3.8%-22.3%), 8.1% for 3 ACEs (95% CI, 1.4%-16.8%), and 14.8% for 4 or more ACEs (95% CI, 5.1%-24.8%). The prevalence of 4 or more ACEs was higher among adolescents vs children (prevalence ratio, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.30), children in residential care (1.26; 95% CI, 1.10-1.43), with a history of juvenile offending (95% CI, 1.29; 1.24-1.34), and in Indigenous peoples (1.63; 95% CI, 1.28-2.08), as well as in studies where file review was the primary assessment method (1.29; 95% CI, 1.23-1.34). The prevalence of 0 ACEs was lower in questionnaire-based studies where children vs parents were informants (0.85; 95% CI, 0.80-0.90).ConclusionsIn this study, ACEs were prevalent among children with notable disparities across participant demographic characteristics and contexts. As principal antecedent threats to child and adolescent well-being that can affect later life prospects, ACEs represent a pressing global social issue. Effective early identification and prevention strategies, including targeted codesigned community interventions, can reduce the prevalence of ACEs and mitigate their severe effects, thereby minimizing the harmful health consequences of childhood adversity in future generations.
Narrow‐Gap‐Integrated Ring Arrays (GRA) as Ultrahigh Field‐Enhancement Optical Resonators
Authors: Wang Mengcheng , Cai Han , Su Zhijuan , Yang Zhuoqing , Ding Guifu , Zang Faheng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractGold nanoring nanoantenna are increasingly being utilized in biological and chemical sensing owing to their favorable spatially expanded hotspot distribution and distinctive field focusing capabilities. However, it is extremely challenging to further elevate the local electric field of nanorings for higher sensitivity without trading off the two aforementioned features. Here, a new nanoantenna design integrates conventional nanorings with nanogaps is introduced: in conjunction with metal sputtering and ion milling on a nanopillar template, narrow‐gap‐integrated ring arrays (GRA) are successfully nanofabricated featuring monolithic integration of nanoring arrays with sub‐5 nm nanogaps on‐chip. This new GRA nanophotonic structure simultaneously preserves the intrinsic benefits of the nanoring and amplifies the local electric field, achieving a field enhancement factor of up to 104 magnitudes. Using both top‐down and bottom‐up thin‐film processes, the GRA shows high degree‐of‐freedom in nanoantenna geometry, leading to tunable resonances throughout visible and near‐infrared wavelengths. These results combined showcased the potential of using GRA's tunable resonance, high e‐field enhancement, and wide hotspot‐distribution features in the creation of a universal molecular sensing platform for enhanced fluorescence.
Boosting Carrier Transport in Quasi‐2D/3D Perovskite Heterojunction for High‐Performance Perovskite/Organic Tandems
Authors: Kang Shuaiqing , Wang Ziyue , Chen Weijie , Zhang Zhichao , Cao Jianlei , Zheng Jialei , Jiang Xingxing , Xu Jiacheng , Yuan Jixiang , Zhu Juan , Chen Haiyang , Chen Xining , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskites are continuously in the limelight owing to their applicability in tandem solar cells. The main bottlenecks of WBG perovskites are interfacial non‐radiative recombination and carrier transport loss caused by interfacial defects and large energy‐level offsets, which induce additional energy losses when WBG perovskites are stacked with organic solar cells in series because of unbalanced carrier recombination in interconnecting layer (ICL). To solve these issues, 1,3‐propanediammonium iodide (PDADI) is incorporated to form Dion–Jacobson ‐phase quasi‐2D perovskites with mixed high‐n‐values in WBG perovskites. PDADI simultaneously repairs the shallow/deep defects and establishes a Type‐II energy‐level alignment between quasi‐2D/3D and 3D perovskites for rapid carrier extraction. More importantly, the short‐chain diammonium cation in quasi‐2D perovskite with high n‐values results in a short Pb–I inorganic layer spacing, which enhances the interlayer electronic coupling and weakens the quantum‐well confinement effect that restricts carrier transport. The suppressed transport loss increases the electron concentration in the ICL for balanced carrier recombination. The 0.0628 and 1.004 cm2 perovskite/organic tandems achieve remarkable efficiencies of 25.92% and 24.63%, respectively. The quasi‐2D capping layer can inhibit ion migration, allowing perovskite/organic tandems to show excellent operational stability (T85 > 1000 h).
In‐Device Ballistic‐Electron‐Emission Spectroscopy for Accurately In Situ Mapping Energy Level Alignment at Metal–Organic Semiconductors Interface
Authors: Meng Ke , Zheng Ruiheng , Gu Xianrong , Zhang Rui , Guo Lidan , Qin Yang , Yang Tingting , Li Min , Hu Shunhua , Zhang Cheng , Wu Meng , Guo Ankang , Yang Xueli , Zhang Jianqi , Sun Xiangnan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEnergy level alignment at metal/organic semiconductors (OSCs) interface governs electronic processes in organic electronics devices, making its precise determination essential for understanding carrier transport behaviors and optimizing device performance. However, it is proven that accurately characterizing the energy barrier at metal/OSC interface under operational conditions remains challenging due to the technical limitations of traditional methods. Herein, through integrating highly‐improved device constructions with an ingenious derivative‐assisted data processing method, this study demonstrates an in‐device ballistic‐electron‐emission spectroscopy using hot‐electron transistors to accurately characterize the energy barrier at metal/OSC interface under in‐operando conditions. This technique is found that a remarkable improvement in measurement accuracy, reaching up to ±0.03 eV, can be achieved—surpassing previous techniques (±0.1–0.2 eV). The high accuracy allows us to monitor subtle changes in energy barriers at metal/OSC interface caused by variations in the aggregation state of OSCs, a phenomenon that is theoretically possible but failed to be directly demonstrated through conventional methods. Moreover, this study makes demonstration that this technology is universally applicable to various metal/OSC interfaces consisting of electron‐transporting, hole‐transporting, and ambipolar OSCs. These findings manifest the great potential of this method to advance both theoretical exploration and technical applications in organic electronics.
Tailoring Cell Attachment onto Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds via a Phase Separated Hydrogel Coating with Peptide Functionalization
Authors: O'Neill Kelly L. , Kurtz Amanda , Liashenko Ievgenii , Rocha Guilherme , Paxton Naomi C. , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHighly porous scaffolds with a high surface area can be designed and fabricated via melt electrowriting (MEW). Here, the study introduces morphological features onto the MEW microfibers via a hydrogel coating of phase‐separated poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA). This coating is achieved by capturing phase‐separated droplets of pHEMA onto poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) microfibers via dip‐coating, resulting in a hydrogel coating with webbed structures across pores of the MEW scaffold. Excess pHEMA droplets are removed and phase separation is quenched by washing in water, and then functionalized by dipping the pHEMA coated scaffold into a buffered peptide solution. It is demonstrated that a cysteine‐terminated peptide sequence (Cys‐Gly‐Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser‐Gly (CG‐RGD‐SG)) promotes fibroblast adhesion on the hydrogel‐coated MEW scaffolds compared to unmodified pHEMA and compared to scrambled peptide sequence. Due to the protein‐resistant nature of pHEMA, the hydrogel‐coated scaffolds show less cell attachment than non‐coated PCL scaffolds, while RGD‐functionalized pHEMA scaffolds achieve 2.8‐fold increase in cell attachment (p = 0.02) when compared to non‐functionalized pHEMA. The study therefore presents a platform that combines PCL scaffolds of microscale fibers with a phase‐separated pHEMA hydrogel coating that maintains the high porosity of MEW scaffolds yet increases surface area and, importantly, introduces the capability for tailoring cell attachment via peptide functionalization.
STAMBPL1/TRIM21 Balances AXL Stability Impacting Mesenchymal Phenotype and Immune Response in KIRC
Authors: Huang Shiyu , Qin Xuke , Fu Shujie , Hu Juncheng , Jiang Zhengyu , Hu Min , Zhang Banghua , Liu Jiachen , Chen Yujie , Wang Minghui , Liu Xiuheng , Chen Zhiyuan , Wang Lei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) is recognized as an immunogenic tumor, and immunotherapy is incorporated into its treatment landscape for decades. The acquisition of a tumor mesenchymal phenotype through epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with immune evasion and can contribute to immunotherapy resistance. Here, the involvement of STAM Binding Protein Like 1 (STAMBPL1) is reported in the development of mesenchymal and immune evasion phenotypes in KIRC cells. Mechanistically, STAMBPL1 elevated protein abundance and surface accumulation of TAM Receptor AXL through diminishing the TRIM21‐mediated K63‐linked ubiquitination and subsequent lysosomal degradation of AXL, thereby enhancing the expression of mesenchymal genes while suppressing chemokines CXCL9/10 and HLA/B/C. In addition, STAMBPL1 enhanced PD‐L1 transcription via facilitating nuclear translocation of p65, and knockdown (KD) of STAMBPL1 augmented antitumor effects of PD‐1 blockade. Furthermore, STAMBPL1 silencing and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib also exhibited a synergistic effect on the suppression of KIRC. Collectively, targeting the STAMBPL1/TRIM21/AXL axis can decrease mesenchymal phenotype and potentiate anti‐tumor efficacy of cancer therapy.
Stretchable and High‐Performance Fibrous Sensors Based on Ionic Capacitive Sensing for Wearable Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: Liu Jiawei , Yang Yan , Chen Guangchuan , Sun Hongbiao , Xie Xin , Hou Yanfeng , Zhang Lishen , Wang Jinhui , Wang Jiangxin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractElectronic textiles with remarkable breathability, lightweight, and comfort hold great potential in wearable technologies and smart human‐machine interfaces. Ionic capacitive sensors, leveraging the advantages of the electric double layer, offer higher sensitivity compared to traditional capacitive sensors. Current research on wearable ion‐capacitive sensors has focused mainly on two‐dimensional (2D) or three‐dimensional (3D) device architectures, which show substantial challenges for direct integration with textiles and compromise their wearing experience on conformability and permeability. One‐dimensional (1D) stretchable fiber materials serve as vital components in constructing electronic textiles, allowing for rich structural design, patterning, and device integration through mature textile techniques. Here, a stretchable functional fiber with robust mechanical and electrical performances is fabricated based on semi‐solid metal and ionic polymer, which provided a high stretchability and good electrical conductivity, enabling seamless integration with textiles. Consequently, high‐performance stretchable fiber sensors are developed through different device architecture designs, including pressure sensors with high sensitivity (7.21 kPa−1), fast response (60 ms/30 ms), and excellent stability, as well as strain sensors with high sensitivity (GF = 1.05), wide detection range (0–300% strain), and excellent sensing stability under dynamic deformations.
Toward Flexible and Stretchable Organic Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Review of Transparent Conductive Electrodes, Photoactive Materials, and Device Performance
Authors: Yan Yongdie , Duan Bowen , Ru Min , Gu Qinyin , Li Sunsun , Zhao Wenchao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFlexible and stretchable organic solar cells (FOSCs and SOSCs) hold immense potential due to their versatility and applicability in emerging areas such as wearable electronics, foldable devices, and biointegrated systems. Despite these promising applications, several challenges remain, primarily related to the mechanical durability, material performance, and scalability required for commercialization. This review comprehensively highlights recent advancements in the design and fabrication of FOSCs and SOSCs, with a particular emphasis on key functional layers, including transparent conductive electrodes, interfacial layers, photoactive materials, and top electrodes. Innovations in material design, such as active layers and transparent conductive electrodes with improved flexibility, are discussed alongside developments in device processes to achieve power conversion efficiencies exceeding 19%. Furthermore, the review addresses remaining challenges, including the need for scalable manufacturing techniques and enhanced mechanical robustness under strain. Finally, the prospects of FOSCs and SOSCs are analyzed, providing insights into how these technologies can contribute to the development of sustainable, high‐performance power sources for wearable electronic devices and other flexible electronics. This review offers valuable insights, bringing the commercialization of wearable, high‐performance FOSCs and SOSCs closer to reality.
Completely Fused Non‐Fullerene Acceptor Enables Efficient Postprocessing‐Free Organic Photovoltaics Cells
Authors: Wang Wenxuan , Zhang Shaoqing , Zhang Tao , Wang Chaoyi , Chen Zhihao , Cheng Shuohan , Xiao Yang , Wang Jianqiu , Cui Yong , Hou Jianhui 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe photovoltaic performance of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells can be significantly improved by regulating the aggregation structure and film formation kinetics of the constituent materials. However, many regulation strategies, including the use of additives and annealing, require complex fabrication processes and additional investments, which poses challenges for the industrialization of OPV cells. In this work, a completely fused non‐fullerene acceptor, GS‐20 is designed and synthesized, with strong aggregation properties. The incorporation of GS‐20 as a third component into the PBQx‐TF:eC9‐2Cl‐based cell accelerates aggregation of eC9‐2Cl and improves molecular stacking by promoting film deposition. The as‐cast ternary OPV cells fabricated without any post‐treatments exhibited a high VOC of 0.890 V and a maximum PCE of 19.0%. Moreover, a postprocessing‐free OPV module is fabricated using the blade coating method and obtains a satisfactory PCE of 13.5%, indicating excellent feasibility for large‐scale preparation. This work realizes an efficient postprocessing‐free OPV cell through molecular design and ternary strategy, facilitating the industrialization of OPV technology.
Risk factors, complications and biomarkers associated with acute kidney injury after craniotomy: a comprehensive mini‐review
Authors: Dalil Davood , Kianparsa Joben , Isakhani Mahdi , Ostadzadeh Mahdieh , Ravand Fatemeh 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating medical condition that occurs mostly in hospitalized patients after a serious illness or major surgery and imposes a great health and financial burden on patients. Craniotomy is one of the major surgeries in which people who undergo this operation experience critical clinical conditions. Systemic inflammation, hemodynamic variation, and pharmacological agents administered during and after craniotomy can lead to the development of AKI and a poor prognosis. Moreover, AKI itself could cause other significant complications and increase the mortality rate in patients who undergo craniotomy. Determining the pre‐, peri‐, and postoperative risk factors associated with AKI after craniotomy is important for its prevention. Efficient care of patients after craniotomy and effective treatment approaches should be implemented to maintain normal metabolism, enhance nerve function recovery, and control inflammation. Novel biomarkers have been recognized as reliable indicators for the diagnosis and prognosis of AKI after brain surgery. This study aimed to summarize the most relevant literature regarding the risk factors, postoperative complications, and mortality associated with AKI after craniotomy. Moreover, we reviewed the approaches to postoperative care, followed by an overview of the significant diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of AKI following craniotomy to provide a basis for preventing and decreasing AKI.
Cation Migration‐Induced Lattice Oxygen Oxidation in Spinel Oxide for Superior Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud G. , Tay Ying Fan , Chi Xiao , Razeen Ahmed S. , Fang Yanan , Zhang Mengyuan , Sng Anqi , Chiam Sing Yang , Rusydi Andrivo , Wong Lydia H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractActivating the lattice oxygen can significantly improve the kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER), however, it often results in reduced stability due to the bulk structure degradation. Here, we develop a spinel Fe0.3Co0.9Cr1.8O4 with active lattice oxygen by high‐throughput methods, achieving high OER activity and stability, superior to the benchmark IrO2. The oxide exhibits an ultralow overpotential (190 mV at 10 mA cm−2) with outstanding stability for over 170 h at 100 mA cm−2. Soft X‐ray absorption‐ and Raman‐spectroscopies, combined with 18O isotope‐labelling experiments, reveal that lattice oxygen activation is driven by Cr oxidation, which induces a cation migration from CrO6 octahedrons to CrO4 tetrahedrons. The geometry conversion creates accessible non‐bonding oxygen states, crucial for lattice oxygen oxidation. Upon oxidation, peroxo O−O bond is formed and further stabilized by Cr6+ (CrO4 tetrahedra) via dimerization. This work establishes a new approach for designing efficient catalysts that feature active and stable lattice oxygen without compromising structural integrity.
Localized corrosion behavior on a heterogeneous surface involving multicomponent reactive transport and morphology evolution
Authors: Chen Jukai , Wang Xiaodan , Li Ruidong , Wang Yueshe , Li Haisheng , Chen Yinghua 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLocalized corrosion sometimes brings about unanticipated and catastrophic damages in petrochemical pipelines and pressure vessels. For localized corrosion modeling, multicomponent reactive transport and corrosion morphology evolution are two arduous problems that involve multi–physical‐(electro) chemical processes along with multi–temporal and spatial scales. In this study, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is employed to shed some light on the evolution of localized corrosion on a heterogeneous surface focusing on the effects of electrolyte ohmic resistance and diffusion. The corrosion pit is always initiated at the junction of anode and cathode sites; however, quite different morphologies are prompted under ohmic control or ohmic‐diffusion control. Under ohmic control, the pit propagates along the interface of the anode and cathode. Under ohmic‐diffusion control, the pathway of reactive species is broadened, and the corrosion morphology is developed into a more regular shape, like a flattened semicircle in 2‐D modeling. This work presents the huge potential of LBM in long‐term corrosion modeling.
Epithelial Folding Through Local Degradation of an Elastic Basement Membrane Plate
Authors: Santillán K. Yanín Guerra , Jantzen Caroline , Dahmann Christian , Fischer‐Friedrich Elisabeth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEpithelia are polarized layers of cells that line the outer and inner surfaces of organs. At the basal side, the epithelial cell layer is supported by a basement membrane, which is a thin polymeric layer of self‐assembled extracellular matrix (ECM) that tightly adheres to the basal cell surface. Proper shaping of epithelial layers is an important prerequisite for the development of healthy organs during the morphogenesis of an organism. Experimental evidence suggests that local degradation of the basement membrane is one of the mechanisms that can drive epithelial folding. However, how folding emerges in the absence of tissue growth remains elusive. Here, we present a coarse‐grained plate theory model of the basement membrane that assumes force balance between i) cell‐transduced active forces and ii) deformation‐induced elastic forces. We verify key assumptions of this model through experiments in the Drosophila wing disc epithelium and demonstrate that the model can explain the emergence of outward epithelial folds upon local plate degradation. The model accounts for local degradation of the basement membrane as a mechanism for the generation of epithelial folds in the absence of epithelial growth.
Signal shape analysis in single‐entity electrochemistry: Understanding electrochemical reaction dynamics
Authors: Park Huichang , Na Jaedo , Han Yujin , Heo Dain , Yoon Seongkyeong , Geum Sunwoo , Kwon Seong Jung 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSingle‐entity electrochemistry (SEE) has transformed the study of electrochemical processes, allowing for the observation of discrete electrochemical events at the level of individual entities such as nanoparticles (NPs) and biomolecules. This review categorizes SEE signals ranging from typical staircase, spike, and blip signals to more complex combined responses based on their shape, each providing insight into the reaction mechanism. Papers exploring reaction mechanisms based on changes in SEE signals under varying experimental conditions, such as applied potential or pH, are also discussed. By analyzing the experimental systems that generate these signals, a better understanding of electrocatalytic reactions mediated by single entities, such as NPs and biomolecules, can be achieved. This review offers insight into interpreting new signal types and paves the way for further research into electrochemical processes and the applications of SEE in sensing, catalysis, and diagnostics.