bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and evaluation of quercetin as a potential inhibitor of naphthoate synthase from Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Das Satyajeet , Batra Sagar , Gupta Pramodkumar P. , Kumar Mukesh , Srivastava Vijay Kumar , Jyoti Anupam , Singh Nagendra , Kaushik Sanket 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnterococcus faecalis is a gram‐positive, rod‐shape bacteria responsible for around 65% to 80% of all enterococcal nosocomial infections. It is multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterium resistant to most of the first‐line antibiotics. Due to the emergence of MDR strains, there is an urgent need to find novel targets to develop new antibacterial drugs against E. faecalis. In this regard, we have identified naphthoate synthase (1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoyl‐CoA synthase, EC: 4.1.3.36; DHNS) as an anti‐E. faecalis target, as it is an essential enzyme for menaquinone (vitamin K2) synthetic pathway in the bacterium. Thus, inhibiting naphtholate synthase may consequently inhibit the bacteria's growth. In this regard, we report here cloning, expression, purification, and preliminary structural studies of naphthoate synthase along with in silico modeling, molecular dynamic simulation of the model and docking studies of naphthoate synthase with quercetin, a plant alkaloid. Biochemical studies have indicated quercetin, a plant flavonoid as the potential lead compound to inhibit catalytic activity of EfDHNS. Quercetin binding has also been validated by spectrofluorimetric studies in order to confirm the bindings of the ligand compound with EfDHNS at ultralow concentrations. Reported studies may provide a base for structure‐based drug development of antimicrobial compounds against E. faecalis.
Characterization of the full‐length human Grb7 protein and a phosphorylation representative mutant
Authors: Bradford Andrew M. , Koirala Rajan , Park Chad K. , Lyons Barbara A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIt is well known the dimerization state of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), in conjunction with binding partners such as the growth factor receptor bound protein 7 (Grb7) protein, plays an important role in cell signaling regulation. Previously, we proposed, downstream of RTKs, that the phosphorylation state of Grb7SH2 domain tyrosine residues could control Grb7 dimerization, and dimerization may be an important regulatory step in Grb7 binding to RTKs. In this manner, additional dimerization‐dependent regulation could occur downstream of the membrane‐bound kinase in RTK‐mediated signaling pathways. Extrapolation to the full‐length (FL) Grb7 protein, and the ability to test this hypothesis further, has been hampered by the availability of large quantities of pure and stable FL protein. Here, we report the biophysical characterization of the FL Grb7 protein and also a mutant representing a tyrosine‐phosphorylated Grb7 protein form. Through size exclusion chromatography and analytical ultracentrifugation, we show the phosphorylated‐tyrosine‐mimic Y492E‐FL‐Grb7 protein (Y492E‐FL‐Grb7) is essentially monomeric at expected physiological concentrations. It has been shown previously the wild‐type FL Grb7(WT‐FLGrb7) protein is dimeric with a dissociation constant (Kd) of approximately 11μM. Our studies here measure a FL protein dimerization Kd of WT‐FL‐Grb7 within one order of magnitude at approximately 1μM. The approximate size and shape of the WT‐FL‐Grb7 in comparison the tyrosine‐phosphorylation mimic Y492E‐FL‐Grb7 protein was determined by dynamic light scattering methods. In vitro phosphorylation of the Grb7SH2 domain indicates only one of the available tyrosine residues is phosphorylated, suggesting the same phosphorylation pattern could be relevant in the FL protein. The biophysical characterization studies in total are interpreted with a view towards understanding the functionally active Grb7 protein conformation.
Trends in precipitation days in the United States
Authors: Bartels Rudy J. , Black Alan W. , Keim Barry D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractChanges in precipitation frequency can have a major impact on many different sectors including agriculture, tourism, and recreation. This study investigates trends in precipitation days at first‐order weather stations across the conterminous United States from 1951 to 2015. The Mann‐Kendall test and sliding window correlation analysis are used to examine trends over time. Future precipitation days are forecasted via usage of a stepwise auto‐regressive model. The Mann‐Kendall test found that the majority of the Northeast and Midwestern states show upward trends in precipitation days, while negative trends are located in the Southeast and in clusters throughout the Northwest. Sliding window correlation analysis was used to detect the decade when most of the change in precipitation days occurred. The northeastern United States had more significant changes during the earlier decades whereas the centre part of the country had more significant changes in the later decades. Most stations saw more decades with positive (increasing) trends in precipitation days. Precipitation days are expected to increase for most of the United States into the future.
Associations of electronic and conventional cigarette use with periodontal disease in South Korean adults
Authors: Jeong Wonjeong , Choi Dong‐Woo , Kim Yun Kyung , Lee Hyeon Ji , Lee Sang Ah , Park Eun‐Cheol , Jang Sung‐In 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to examine the association of conventional cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping with periodontal disease in South Korean adults.MethodsFor this study, data from 13,551 participants, a subset derived from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2013 and 2015, were examined. Participants were divided into four categories: electronic cigarettes vapers, conventional cigarettes smokers, ex‐users, and non‐users. Periodontal status was measured by the Community Periodontal Index. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association of periodontal disease with smoking and vaping individually.ResultsOut of 187 men and 35 women who vape electronic cigarette, 67 (35.8%) men and 10 (28.6%) women had periodontal diseases. Out of 1,957 men and 363 women who smoke conventional cigarettes, 861 (44.0%) men and 121 (35.3%) women had periodontal diseases. Periodontal disease was more prevalent in each vapers and smokers than non‐users in men (electronic cigarettes: odds ratio [OR] = 2.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.52 to 3.59, conventional cigarettes: OR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.76 to 2.68). Furthermore, both vaping and smoking had significant relation to dental caries, toothache, and dental damages.ConclusionsElectronic and conventional cigarette use was each significantly associated with increased periodontal disease rates. After adjusting for demographic, socioeconomic, and health‐related characteristics, both vaping and smoking each had significant association with periodontal diseases. Therefore, this study suggests that vaping may not be a safe alternative to smoking. Cessation of both types of cigarettes is necessary for maintaining oral health.
Topographic controls on plateau icefield recession: insights from the Younger Dryas Monadhliath Icefield, Scotland
Authors: Boston Clare M. , Lukas Sven 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTPlateau icefields are a common form of mountain ice mass, frequently found in mid‐latitude to high‐arctic regions and increasingly recognized in the Quaternary record. Their top‐heavy hypsometry makes them highly sensitive to changes in climate when the equilibriaum line altitude (ELA) lies above the plateau edge, allowing ice to expand significantly as regional ELAs decrease, and causing rapid recession as climate warms. With respect to future climate warming, it is important to understand the controls on plateau icefield response to climate change in order to better predict recession rates, with implications for water resources and sea‐level rise. Improving knowledge of the controls on glacier recession may also enable further palaeoclimatic information to be extracted from the Quaternary glacial record. We use the distribution of moraines to examine topographic controls on Younger Dryas icefield recession in Scotland. We find that overall valley morphology influences the style of recession, through microclimatic and geometric controls, with bed gradient affecting moraine spacing. Ice mass reconfiguration may occur as recession progresses because ice divide migration could alter the expected response based on hypsometric distribution. These results add to a growing body of research examining controls on glacier recession and offer a step towards unravelling non‐linear ice mass behaviour. Copyright © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication of Ag‐modified nanocone frustum arrays with controlled shape as active substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Mehrvar Leila , Sadeghipari Mehrnoosh , Tavassoli Seyed Hassan , Mohajerzadeh Shamsoddin , Fathipour Morteza , Hajihosseini Hamid reza 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates utilizing the interparticle nanogaps as hot spots can provide ultrasensitive and geometry‐dependent enhancement factors in analyte detection. Here, we report theoretical and experimental studies on the optical properties of Ag nanoparticles‐decorated Si‐nanocone frustum (NCF) arrays with various geometrical dimensions to enable engineering of the most effective SERS substrate. Our fabrication steps include electron beam lithography, deep reactive‐ion etching, and metallization. In this regard, the effect of geometrical parameters including height, diameter, and slant angle, associated with Si‐NCF arrays, on optical properties and SERS effect are investigated. Results show that the NCF array with larger height and slant angle exhibit higher antireflection property and excellent performance for low‐concentration analyte molecules detection. Furthermore, our results show that the excitation of Mie resonances in NCF arrays leads to formation of near electric field distributions and enhancement of Si Raman lines. It is demonstrated that the strength of Si Raman line follows the trend of the integrated near electric fields in the excitation volume.
Morbidity, mortality and temporal trends in the surgical management of retroperitoneal sarcoma: An ACS‐NSQIP follow up analysis
Authors: Judge Sean J. , Lata‐Arias Kathleen , Yanagisawa Mio , Darrow Morgan A. , Monjazeb Arta M. , Kirane Amanda R. , Bold Richard J. , Canter Robert J. , Canter Daniel J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundCalls for multivisceral resection (MVR) of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) are increasing, although the risks and benefits remain controversial. We sought to analyze current 30‐day morbidity and mortality rates, and trends in utilization of MVR in a national database.MethodsOverall morbidity, severe morbidity, mortality rates, and temporal trends were analyzed utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS‐NSQIP).ResultsFrom 2012 to 2015, a total of 564 patients underwent RPS resection with 233 patients (41%) undergoing MVR. The MVR group had a higher rate of preoperative weight loss and larger tumors overall. When comparing MVR to non‐MVR, there was no significant difference in overall morbidity (22% vs 17%, P = .13), severe morbidity (11% vs 8%, P = .18), or mortality (<1% vs 2%, P = .25). On multivariate analysis, MVR was not associated with increased overall morbidity or severe morbidity. Mortality rates were too low for meaningful statistical analysis. Annual rates of MVR ranged from 37% to 46% with no significant change over time (P = .47).ResultsShort‐term morbidity and mortality rates after MVR for RPS remain acceptable, but rates of MVR show little change over time in NSQIP hospitals. Concerns about increased morbidity and mortality should not be viewed as a contraindication to wider implementation of MVR for RPS.
The impact of social determinants of health on laryngotracheal stenosis development and outcomes
Authors: Dang Sabina , Shinn Justin R. , Campbell Benjamin R. , Garrett Gaelyn , Wootten Christopher , Gelbard Alexander 
Published: July 2019

ObjectivesThe social determinants of health affect a wide range of health outcomes and risks. To date, there have been no studies evaluating the impact of social determinants of health on laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS). We sought to describe the social determinants in a cohort of LTS patients and explore their association with treatment outcome.MethodsSubjects diagnosed with LTS undergoing surgical procedures between 2013 and 2018 were identified. Matched controls were identified from intensive care unit (ICU) patients who underwent intubation for greater than 24 hours. Medical comorbidities, stenosis characteristics, and patient demographics were abstracted from the clinical record. Tracheostomy at last follow‐up was recorded from the medical record and phone calls. Socioeconomic data was obtained from the American Community Survey.ResultsOne hundred twenty‐two cases met inclusion criteria. Cases had significantly lower education compared to Tennessee (P = .009) but similar education rates as ICU controls. Cases had significantly higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR]: 1.04, P = .035), duration of intubation (OR: 1.21, P < .001), and tobacco use (OR: 1.21, P = .006) in adjusted analysis when compared to controls. Tracheostomy dependence within the case cohort was significantly associated with public insurance (OR: 1.33, P = .016) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR: 1.34, P = .018) in adjusted analysis.ConclusionIntubation practices, medical comorbidities and social determinants of health may influence the development of LTS and tracheostomy dependence after treatment. Identification of at‐risk populations in ICUs may allow for prevention of tracheostomy dependence through the use of early tracheostomy and specialized follow‐up.Level of EvidenceLevel 3, retrospective review comparing cases and controls Laryngoscope, 130:1000–1006, 2020
Neutrally expandable models of arithmetic
Authors: Abdul‐Quader Athar , Kossak Roman 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA subset of a model of is called neutral if it does not change the relation. A model with undefinable neutral classes is called neutrally expandable. We study the existence and non‐existence of neutral sets in various models of . We show that cofinal extensions of prime models are neutrally expandable, and ω1‐like neutrally expandable models exist, while no recursively saturated model is neutrally expandable. We also show that neutrality is not a first‐order property. In the last section, we study a local version of neutral expandability.
A variant of Shelah's characterization of Strong Chang's Conjecture
Authors: Cox Sean , Sakai Hiroshi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractShelah considered a certain version of Strong Chang's Conjecture which we denote , and proved that it is equivalent to several statements, including the assertion that Namba forcing is semiproper. We introduce an apparently weaker version, denoted , and prove an analogous characterization of it. In particular, is equivalent to the assertion that the the Friedman‐Krueger poset is semiproper. This strengthens and sharpens results by Cox and sheds some light on problems posed by Usuba, Torres‐Perez and Wu.
Standard Assessments Reveal Context-Dependent Responses of Crappie Populations to a Length-Based Regulation in Ohio Reservoirs
Authors: Pritt Jeremy J. , Conroy Joseph D. , Page Kevin S. , Tyszko Stephen M. , Zweifel Richard D. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Fisheries managers implement minimum length limits (MLLs) to improve the size structure of populations of crappie Pomoxis spp. throughout Midwestern and southeastern U.S. reservoirs. The success of these regulations has been mixed, with several implementations resulting in undesirable outcomes, including slow growth and stunting of crappies, and ultimately regulation removal. Consequently, it is unclear whether and where MLLs should be used to improve crappie size structure. Beginning in 2003, Ohio instituted a statewide standard sampling protocol to monitor reservoir crappie populations, and between 2003 and 2010 a 229-mm MLL was implemented at over 40 reservoirs throughout the state. Using these spatially and temporally extensive crappie population data, we sought to (1) test for the response of crappie population adult abundance, growth, and size structure to the MLL, (2) test whether reservoir surface area and/or productivity mediated this response, and (3) model fisheries outcomes at different reservoir sizes and productivities to predict where application of a MLL would be most appropriate. Using linear mixed-effects models and an information theoretic approach, we found that crappie population abundances generally increased, whereas growth decreased in small, unproductive reservoirs but increased in large, productive reservoirs. Overall, the MLL failed to produce increases in size structure, except in large reservoirs. Yield-per-recruit models predicted a decrease in angler yield in response to a 229-mm MLL in small reservoirs, whereas in large, productive reservoirs this regulation was predicted to increase angler yield. Consequently, the MLL could improve crappie fisheries in reservoirs larger than 1,000 ha with high productivity (total phosphorus concentrations &gt; 50 μg/L) but could be counterproductive in small, unproductive reservoirs. Finally, our approach highlights the benefits of standard sampling as we were able to integrate data across years and reservoirs to make comparisons on a statewide scale.
A new versatile constitutive law for modelling the monotonic response of soft rocks and structured fine‐grained soils
Authors: Boldini Daniela , Palmieri Francesca , Amorosi Angelo 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis paper deals with a new critical state–based constitutive model for soft rocks and fine‐grained soils. The model, formulated in the single‐surface plasticity framework, is characterised by the following main features: (i) a generalised three‐invariant yield surface capable of reproducing a wide set of well‐known criteria, (ii) the dependency of the elastic stiffness on the current stress state by means of a hyperelastic formulation, (iii) the ability of simulating the plastic strain–driven structure degradation processes by a set of appropriate isotropic hardening laws, and (iv) a nonassociate flow rule in the meridian plane. The adopted formulation is hierarchical, such that the various features of the model can be activated or excluded depending on the specific kind of geomaterial to be modelled and on the quality and quantity of the related available experimental results. The constitutive model was implemented in a commercial finite element code by means of an explicit modified Euler scheme with automatic substepping and error control. The procedure does not require any form of stress correction to prevent drift from the yield surface. The performance of the model is first analysed by means of a wide set of parametric analyses, in order to highlight the main features and to evaluate the sensitivity of the formulation with reference to the input parameters. The model is then adopted to simulate the experimental response observed on three different geomaterials, ranging from soft clays to soft rocks.
Robust topology optimization under load position uncertainty
Authors: Wang Dong , Gao Weifeng 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThe topology optimization problem of a continuum structure on the compliance minimization objective is investigated under consideration of the external load uncertainty in its application position with a nonprobabilistic approach. The load position is defined as the uncertain‐but‐bounded parameter and is represented by an interval variable with a nominal application point. The structural compliance due to the load position deviation is formulated with the quadratic Taylor series expansion. As a result, the objective gradient information to the topological variables can be evaluated efficiently in a quadratic expression. Based on the maximum design sensitivity value, which corresponds to the most sensitive compliance to the uncertain loading position, a single‐level optimization approach is suggested by using a popular gradient‐based optimality criteria method. The proposed optimization scheme is performed to gain the robust topology optimizations of three benchmark examples, and the final configuration designs are compared comprehensively with the conventional topology optimizations under the loading point fixation. It can be observed that the present method can provide remarkably different material layouts with auxiliary components to accommodate the load position disturbances. The numerical results of the representative examples also show that the structural performances of the robust topology optimizations appear less sensitive to the load position perturbations than the traditional designs.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 in persistent oral lesions arising in patients with tobacco, areca nut, and alcohol habits
Authors: Khowal Sapna , Jain Swatantra Kumar , Wajid Saima 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackground and purposeHuman papillomavirus (HPV) has been shown to be associated with oral malignancies. The purpose of this study was to detect HPV and a high‐risk type HPV16 viral DNA in 24 cases with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 15 cases with non‐OSCC persistent oral lesions (POL) residing in North India. The diagnosis was determined by the histopathological characteristics of the oral biopsy.ResultsAll oral lesions were HPV‐DNA positive, and the HPV16‐positive ratios of OSCC and non‐OSCC POLs were 50% and 53%, respectively. Approximately 62% of moderately differentiated OSCC and 36% of well‐differentiated OSCC were HPV16 positive. Evaluated odds and prevalence ratios >1 indicated a higher prevalence of HPV16 infection in patients with tobacco, areca nut, and/or alcohol habits, compared with nonaddicts. The obtained P‐values were higher than 0.05, indicating that the relationship is statistically insignificant, which may be due to lower number of POL cases. This study could not conclude that HPV16 infection plays an essential role in malignant transformation of the oral mucosa, raising a need for further experimental endeavors.ConclusionsThis study indicates that HPV16 infection in OSCC and non‐OSCC POLs frequently occurred in people with tobacco smoking, tobacco‐areca nut chewing, and alcohol intake. These fallacious habits may increase HPV16 infection in the oral cavity.
Computational pathology definitions, best practices, and recommendations for regulatory guidance: a white paper from the Digital Pathology Association
Authors: Abels Esther , Pantanowitz Liron , Aeffner Famke , Zarella Mark D , van der Laak Jeroen , Bui Marilyn M , Vemuri Venkata NP , Parwani Anil V , Gibbs Jeff , Agosto‐Arroyo Emmanuel , Beck Andrew H , Kozlowski Cleopatra 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this white paper, experts from the Digital Pathology Association (DPA) define terminology and concepts in the emerging field of computational pathology, with a focus on its application to histology images analyzed together with their associated patient data to extract information. This review offers a historical perspective and describes the potential clinical benefits from research and applications in this field, as well as significant obstacles to adoption. Best practices for implementing computational pathology workflows are presented. These include infrastructure considerations, acquisition of training data, quality assessments, as well as regulatory, ethical, and cyber‐security concerns. Recommendations are provided for regulators, vendors, and computational pathology practitioners in order to facilitate progress in the field. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.