bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Features of Hepatic Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia: Correlation With Histopathologic Findings
Authors: Dong Cai‐hong , Lu Qing , Wang Wen‐ping , Ji Zheng‐biao , Wang Xi 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesTo find certain specifics of hepatic reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (HRLH) on contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging as diagnostic imaging clues by retrospectively analyzing its enhancement features.MethodsFrom June 2010 to June 2017, 18 histopathologically confirmed HRLH lesions in 18 patients were included in this retrospective study. The lesion's location, maximum diameter, shape, margin, echogenicity, and color flow signal on conventional ultrasound (US) imaging and enhancement pattern, presence of a feeding artery, and donutlike enhancement on CEUS imaging were observed and recorded. The lesion size on CEUS imaging at peak enhancement and that on conventional US imaging were compared and recorded.ResultsAll of the lesions showed homogeneous hypoechogenicity with a regular well‐defined margin on conventional US imaging, with a mean diameter ± SD of 14.3 ± 4.6 mm (range, 8–24 mm). On CEUS imaging, all of the lesions showed “quick‐wash‐in and quick‐wash‐out,” which showed complete homogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase and wash‐out in the second half of the arterial phase or first half of the portal phase. In 83.3% (15 of 18) of the lesions, the lesion size that was enhanced at peak was enlarged compared with the hypoechoic area on conventional US imaging, and transient donutlike enhancement appeared when the lesion showed wash‐out. In 55.6% (10 of 18) of cases, the feeding artery was detected.ConclusionsEnlarged complete homogeneous hyperenhancement in the arterial phase, consequently followed by quick wash‐out of the lesion and the appearance of donutlike enhancement, may be the CEUS features of HRLH.
Engineering of a chromogenic enzyme screening system based on an auxiliary indole‐3‐carboxylic acid monooxygenase
Authors: Časaitė Vida , Sadauskas Mikas , Vaitekūnas Justas , Gasparavičiūtė Renata , Meškienė Rita , Skikaitė Izabelė , Sakalauskas Mantas , Jakubovska Jevgenija , Tauraitė Daiva , Meškys Rolandas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHere, we present a proof‐of‐principle for a new high‐throughput functional screening of metagenomic libraries for the selection of enzymes with different activities, predetermined by the substrate being used. By this approach, a total of 21 enzyme‐coding genes were selected, including members of xanthine dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and amidohydrolase families. The screening system is based on a pro‐chromogenic substrate, which is transformed by the target enzyme to indole‐3‐carboxylic acid. The later compound is converted to indoxyl by a newly identified indole‐3‐carboxylate monooxygenase (Icm). Due to the spontaneous oxidation of indoxyl to indigo, the target enzyme‐producing colonies turn blue. Two types of pro‐chromogenic substrates have been tested. Indole‐3‐carboxaldehydes and the amides of indole‐3‐carboxylic acid have been applied as substrates for screening of the ALDHs and amidohydrolases, respectively. Both plate assays described here are rapid, convenient, easy to perform, and adaptable for the screening of a large number of samples both inEscherichia coliandRhodococcussp. In addition, the fine‐tuning of the pro‐chromogenic substrate allows screening enzymes with the desired substrate specificity.
Monte Carlo simulations of out‐of‐field skin dose due to spiralling contaminant electrons in a perpendicular magnetic field
Authors: Malkov Victor N. , Hackett Sara L. , van Asselen Bram , Raaymakers Bas W. , Wolthaus Jochem W. H. 
Published: January 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential skin dose toxicity contribution of spiralling contaminant electrons (SCE) generated in the air in an MR‐linac with a 0.35 or 1.5 T magnetic field using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo (MC) code. Comparisons to experimental results at 1.5 T are also performed.MethodsAn Elekta generated phase space file for the Unity MR‐linac is used in conjunction with the EGSnrc enhanced electric and magnetic field transport macros to simulate surface dose profiles and depth‐dose curves in panels located 5 cm away from the beam edge and positioned either parallel or perpendicular to the magnetic field. Electrons generated in the air will spiral along the magnetic field lines, and though surface doses within the field will be reduced, the electrons can contribute to out‐of‐field surface doses.ResultsSurface dose profiles showed good agreement with experimental findings and the maximum simulated doses at surfaces perpendicular to the magnetic field were 3.77 ± 0.01% and 3.55 ± 0.01% for 1.5 and 0.35 T. These results are expressed as a percentage of the maximum dose to water delivered by the photon beam. The surface dose variations in the out‐of‐field region converge to the 0 T doses within the first 0.5 cm of material. An asymmetry in the dose distribution in surfaces positioned on either side of the photon beam and aligned parallel to the magnetic field is determined to be due to the magnetic field directing electrons deeper into, or localizing them to the surface of, the measurement panel.ConclusionsThese results confirm the SCE dose contribution in surfaces perpendicular to the magnetic field and show these doses to be of the order of a few percentage of the maximum dose to water of the beam. Good agreement in the dose profiles is seen in comparisons between the MC simulations and experimental work. The effect is apparent in 0.35 and 1.5 T magnetic fields and dissipates within the first few millimeters of material. It should be noted that only SCEs from beam anteriorly incident on the patient will influence the patient surface dose, and the use of beams incident over different angles will reduce the dose to any particular patient surface.
Surface Tension of the Black Hole Horizon
Authors: Shu Liangsuo , Cui Kaifeng , Liu Xiaokang , Liu Zhichun , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe idea of treating the horizon of a black hole as a stretched membrane with surface tension has a long history. In this work, we discuss the microscopic origin of the surface tension of the horizon in quantum pictures of spaces, which are Bose‐Einstein condensates of gravitons. The horizon is a phase interface of gravitons, the surface tension of which is found to be a result of the difference in the strength of the interaction between the gravitons on its two sides. The gravitational source, such as a Schwarzschild black hole, creates a transitional zone by changing the energy and distribution of its surrounding gravitons. Archimedes' principle for gravity can be expressed as follows: “the gravity on an object is equal to the weight of the gravitons that it displaces.”
Circular migration in a context of free mobility: Evidence from linked population register data from Finland and Sweden
Authors: Weber Rosa , Saarela Jan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCircular migration in settings of free mobility has received increasing policy attention. However, due to data constraints, little is known about the mechanisms underlying it. Using linked Finnish and Swedish register data that allow us to follow Finnish migrants across national borders, we analyse whether the determinants of circular migration differ from those of the first and return move. People move freely between Sweden and Finland, as they are in the common Nordic labour market. Event history analysis shows that many moves are temporary and short term. Moreover, the patterns of circular migration reflect those of the first emigration and first return, respectively. Swedish speakers and individuals who are not married are more prone to emigrate for the first and second time, whereas Finnish speakers and married individuals have a higher risk of return migration. This implies that circular migration may amplify demographic features related to emigration and return migration.
A novel event‐triggered extended state observer for networked control systems subjected to external disturbances
Authors: Yu Yang , Yuan Yuan , Yang Hongjiu , Liu Huaping 
Published: January 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the event‐triggered‐based state estimation problem is investigated for a class of nonlinear networked control systems subjected to external disturbances. A novel event‐triggered extended state observer (ESO) is utilized to estimate the so‐called total disturbance, and an output predictor is adopted for the proposed ESO between two consecutive transmission instants. It is also worth pointing out that, in the newly proposed ESO, an event‐triggered mechanism is adopted to update the measurement signal so as to save the communication resource. The sufficient conditions are provided such that the estimation error dynamics is exponentially ultimately bounded. Furthermore, it is proven that the Zeno behavior does not exist for the event‐triggering rules. A number of numerical simulations are conducted to verify the validity of the theoretical results.
Chondroitin Sulfate Glycosaminoglycan Scaffolds for Cell and Recombinant Protein-Based Bone Regeneration
Authors: Andrews Seth , Cheng Albert , Stevens Hazel , Logun Meghan T. , Webb Robin , Jordan Erin , Xia Boao , Karumbaiah Lohitash , Guldberg Robert E. , Stice Steven 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2)-loaded collagen sponges remain the clinical standard for treatment of large bone defects when there is insufficient autograft, despite associated complications. Recent efforts to negate comorbidities have included biomaterials and gene therapy approaches to extend the duration of BMP-2 release and activity. In this study, we compared the collagen sponge clinical standard to chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS-GAG) scaffolds as a delivery vehicle for recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and rhBMP-2 expression via human BMP-2 gene inserted into mesenchymal stem cells (BMP-2 MSC). We demonstrated extended release of rhBMP-2 from CS-GAG scaffolds compared to their collagen sponge counterparts, and further extended release from CS-GAG gels seeded with BMP-2 MSC. When used to treat a challenging critically sized femoral defect model in rats, both rhBMP-2 and BMP-2 MSC in CS-GAG induced comparable bone formation to the rhBMP-2 in collagen sponge, as measured by bone volume, strength, and stiffness. We conclude that CS-GAG scaffolds are a promising delivery vehicle for controlling the release of rhBMP-2 and to mediate the repair of critically sized segmental bone defects. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:575–585
Mechanics of frictional contact for an arbitrary oriented orthotropic material
Authors: Çömez İsa , Yilmaz Korhan Babacan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, the frictional contact problem of a half plane which has monoclinic material property is considered in the framework of linear elasticity theory. The monoclinic half plane is pressed by a rigid cylindrical punch that transmits both normal and tangential loads. The general expressions of the stress and displacement are determined with using integral transform technique. Utilizing the boundary conditions of the problem, a second kind singular integral equation, in which the unknowns are the contact stress and the contact width is obtained. The singular integral equation is solved numerically using the Gauss‐Jacobi integration formulas and the effect of the fiber angle, the friction coefficient, the punch radius, material type and the external load on the contact stress and in‐plane stress are given. The analytical solution is compared with the finite element solution and good agreement is obtained.
Study of backward terahertz radiation from intense picosecond laser–solid interactions using a multichannel calorimeter system
Authors: Liu H. , Liao G.-Q. , Zhang Y.-H. , Zhu B.-J. , Zhang Z. , Li Y.-T. , Scott G. G. , Rusby D. , Armstrong C. , Zemaityte E. , Bradford P. , Woolsey N. , Huggard P. , McKenna P. , Neely D. 
Published: January 2019

A multichannel calorimeter system is designed and constructed which is capable of delivering single-shot and broad-band spectral measurement of terahertz (THz) radiation generated in intense laser–plasma interactions. The generation mechanism of backward THz radiation (BTR) is studied by using the multichannel calorimeter system in an intense picosecond laser–solid interaction experiment. The dependence of the BTR energy and spectrum on laser energy, target thickness and pre-plasma scale length is obtained. These results indicate that coherent transition radiation is responsible for the low-frequency component (${<}$1 THz) of BTR. It is also observed that a large-scale pre-plasma primarily enhances the high-frequency component (${>}$3 THz) of BTR.
Long-time asymptotic expansions for Navier-Stokes equations with power-decaying forces
Authors: Cao Dat , Hoang Luan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Navier-Stokes equations for viscous, incompressible fluids are studied in the three-dimensional periodic domains, with the body force having an asymptotic expansion, when time goes to infinity, in terms of power-decaying functions in a Sobolev-Gevrey space. Any Leray-Hopf weak solution is proved to have an asymptotic expansion of the same type in the same space, which is uniquely determined by the force, and independent of the individual solutions. In case the expansion is convergent, we show that the next asymptotic approximation for the solution must be an exponential decay. Furthermore, the convergence of the expansion and the range of its coefficients, as the force varies are investigated.
Explicit asymptotics for certain single and double exponential sums
Authors: Kalimeris K. , Fokas A. S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBy combining classical techniques together with two novel asymptotic identities derived in recent work by Lenells and one of the authors, we analyse certain single sums of Riemann-zeta type. In addition, we analyse Euler-Zagier double exponential sums for particular values of Re{u} and Re{v} and for a variety of sets of summation, as well as particular cases of Mordell-Tornheim double sums.
Is Social Media Transforming Canadian Electioneering? Hybridity and Online Partisan Strategies in the 2012 Quebec Election
Authors: Giasson Thierry , Le Bars Gildas , Dubois Philippe 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis article investigates the extent to which provincial political parties made use of social media in their strategy, organization and communication in order to achieve their electoral goals during the Quebec 2012 general election. Using data from a series of 19 interviews conducted with online strategists and campaign directors from the five leading parties active in the 2012 election, we identify the strategic objectives these organizations followed when developing their social media campaigns. The strategists' narratives reveal that social media became a central component of electioneering and that parties were carrying out, in various forms, hybrid campaigns that combined traditional and emergent communication technologies and employed both old and new types of organizational principles.
What determines financial literacy in Japan?
Authors: Kadoya Yoshihiko , Khan Mostafa Saidur Rahim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the factors affecting financial literacy in Japan using data from Osaka University's Preference Parameter Study. We examine several demographic, socio-economic, and psychological variables drawn from the social learning, consumer socialization, and psychological theories of learning. The results indicate that the demographic factors of gender, age, and education; the socio-economic factors of income and occupation; and the psychological factor of perceptions of the future significantly affect the level of financial literacy. The results are robust to different measures of financial literacy and emphasize that social contact and people's future orientation can improve financial literacy levels in Japan.
The Brittle‐Ductile Transition Predicted by a Physics‐Based Friction Law
Authors: Aharonov Einat , Scholz Christopher H. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA theory of the brittle‐ductile transition (BDT) is shown to be a direct consequence of a recently developed physics‐based constitutive law for rock friction (Aharonov & Scholz, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB013829), which assumes exponential creep on contacts. The theory was previously tested against experimental data for sliding at low ambient temperature and stress. Here, theoretical interpretation of experimental data at high temperature and stress shows that at some point the real area of contact reaches a maximum value beyond which it becomes fixed. The constitutive law shows that this marks the onset of the BDT, beyond which sliding changes from frictional to an exponential flow law for low‐temperature plasticity. Application to the Earth's crust shows that beyond this point, strength fall linearly with depth until it intersects the power law for bulk flow of the country rock, which marks the lower boundary of the BDT. Modeling, constrained by experimental data for granite, predicts that the BDT starts at a temperature of about 300°C, at a depth of 11–13 km in the continental crust, depending on fault slip rate and temperature gradient. The completion of the BDT is similarly calculated to occur around 475°, at 16–18 km, in agreement with laboratory and field observations. The BDT is thus found to be a region spanning about 175°C with a width of several kilometers. Within the exponential flow region, the structural outcome would be a relatively narrow mylonitized fault zone, which widens into a broader region of shear at the base of the BDT.
Modeling the Angular Dependence of Emissivity of Randomly Rough Surfaces
Authors: Warren T. J. , Bowles N. E. , Donaldson Hanna K. , Bandfield J. L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDirectional emissivity (DE) describes how the emissivity of an isothermal surface changes with viewing angle across thermal infrared wavelengths. The Oxford Space Environment Goniometer (OSEG) is a novel instrument that has been specifically designed to measure the DE of regolith materials derived from planetary surfaces. The DE of Nextel high‐emissivity black paint was previously measured by the OSEG and showed that the measured emissivity decreases with increasing emission angle, from an emissivity of 0.97 ± 0.01 at 0° emission angle to an emissivity of 0.89 ± 0.01 at 71° emission angle. The Nextel target measured was isothermal (<0.1 K surface temperature variation), and the observed change in emissivity was due to Fresnel‐related effects and was not due to nonisothermal effects. Here we apply several increasingly complex modeling techniques to model the measured DE of Nextel black paint. The modeling techniques used here include the Hapke DE model, the Fresnel equations, a multiple slope Fresnel model, and a Monte Carlo ray tracing model. It was found that only the Monte Carlo ray tracing model could accurately fit the OSEG measured Nextel data. We show that this is because the Monte Carlo ray tracing model is the only model that fully accounts for the surface roughness of the Nextel surface by including multiple scattering effects.
A promoter variant in ZNF804A decreasing its expression increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Linna , Qin Yue , Gong Xiaohong , Peng Rui , Cai Chunquan , Zheng Yufang , Du Yasong , Wang Hongyan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSynaptic pathology may be one of the cellular substrates underlying autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ZNF804A is a transcription factor that can affect or regulate the expression of many candidate genes involved in ASD. It also localizes at synapses and regulates neuronal and synaptic morphology. So far, few reports have addressed possible associations between ZNF804A polymorphisms and ASD. This study aimed to investigate whether ZNF804A genetic variants contribute to ASD susceptibility and its possible pathological role in the disorder. We analyzed the relationship of two polymorphisms (rs10497655 and rs34714481) in ZNF804A promoter region with ASD in 854 cases versus 926 controls. The functional analyses of rs10497655 were then performed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays. The variant rs10497655 was significantly associated with ASD (P = 0.007851), which had a significant effect on ZNF804A expression, with the T risk allele homozygotes related with reduced ZNF804A expression in human fetal brains. HSF2 acted as a suppressor by down-regulating ZNF804A expression and had a stronger binding affinity for the T allele of rs10497655 than for the C allele. This was the first experiment to elucidate the process in which a disease-associated SNP affects the level of ZNF804A expression by binding with the upstream regulation factor HSF2. This result indicates that the rs10497655 allelic expression difference of ZNF804A during the critical period of brain development may have an effect on postnatal phenotypes of ASD. It reveals new roles of ZNF804A polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders.
Regrowth-delay body as a bacterial subcellular structure marking multidrug-tolerant persisters
Authors: Yu Jiayu , Liu Yang , Yin Huijia , Chang Zengyi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBacteria have long been recognized to be capable of entering a phenotypically non-growing persister state, in which the cells exhibit an extended regrowth lag and a multidrug tolerance, thus posing a great challenge in treating infectious diseases. Owing to their non-inheritability, low abundance of existence, lack of metabolic activities, and high heterogeneity, properties of persisters remain poorly understood. Here, we report our accidental discovery of a subcellular structure that we term the regrowth-delay body, which is formed only in non-growing bacterial cells and sequesters multiple key proteins. This structure, that dissolves when the cell resumes growth, is able to be viewed as a marker of persisters. Our studies also indicate that persisters exhibit different depth of persistence, as determined by the status of their regrowth-delay bodies. Our findings imply that suppressing the formation and/or promoting the dissolution of regrowth-delay bodies could be viable strategies for eradicating persisters.
Spin current generation and relaxation in a quenched spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate
Authors: Li Chuan-Hsun , Qu Chunlei , Niffenegger Robert J. , Wang Su-Ju , He Mingyuan , Blasing David B. , Olson Abraham J. , Greene Chris H. , Lyanda-Geller Yuli , Zhou Qi , Zhang Chuanwei , Chen Yong P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and many-body interactions on spin transport is important in condensed matter physics and spintronics. This topic has been intensively studied for spin carriers such as electrons but barely explored for charge-neutral bosonic quasiparticles (including their condensates), which hold promises for coherent spin transport over macroscopic distances. Here, we explore the effects of synthetic SOC (induced by optical Raman coupling) and atomic interactions on the spin transport in an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), where the spin-dipole mode (SDM, actuated by quenching the Raman coupling) of two interacting spin components constitutes an alternating spin current. We experimentally observe that SOC significantly enhances the SDM damping while reducing the thermalization (the reduction of the condensate fraction). We also observe generation of BEC collective excitations such as shape oscillations. Our theory reveals that the SOC-modified interference, immiscibility, and interaction between the spin components can play crucial roles in spin transport.