bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Eastern Tropical Pacific coral population connectivity and the role of the Eastern Pacific Barrier
Authors: Romero-Torres Mauricio , Treml Eric A. , Acosta Alberto , Paz-García David A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLong-distance dispersal is believed to strongly influence coral reef population dynamics across the Tropical Pacific. However, the spatial scale and strength at which populations are potentially connected by dispersal remains uncertain. To determine the patterns in connectivity between the Eastern (ETP) and Central Tropical Pacific (CTP) ecoregions, we used a biophysical model incorporating ocean currents and larval biology to quantify the seascape-wide dispersal potential among all population. We quantified the likelihood and determined the oceanographic conditions that enable the dispersal of coral larvae across the Eastern Pacific Barrier (EP-Barrier) and identified the main connectivity pathways and their conservation value for dominant reef-building corals. Overall, we found that coral assemblages within the CTP and ETP are weakly connected through dispersal. Although the EP-Barrier isolates the ETP from the CTP ecoregion, we found evidence that the EP-Barrier may be breached, in both directions, by rare dispersal events. These rare events could explain the evolutionary genetic similarity among populations of pocilloporids in the ecoregions. Moreover, the ETP may function as a stronger source rather than a destination, providing potential recruits to CTP populations. We also show evidence for a connectivity loop in the ETP, which may positively influence long-term population persistence in the region. Coral conservation and management communities should consider eight-key stepping stone ecoregions when developing strategies to preserve the long-distance connectivity potential across the ETP and CTP.
Aggressive desert goby males also court more, independent of the physiological demands of salinity
Authors: Lehtonen Topi K. , Svensson P. Andreas , Wong Bob B. M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBoth between- and within-individual variation in behaviour can be important in determining mating opportunities and reproductive outcomes. Such behavioural variability can be induced by environmental conditions, especially if individuals vary in their tolerance levels or resource allocation patterns. We tested the effects of exposure to different salinity levels on male investment into two important components of mating success–intrasexual aggression and intersexual courtship–in a fish with a resource defence mating system, the desert goby, Chlamydogobius eremius. We found that males that were more aggressive to rivals also exhibited higher rates of courtship displays towards females. Contrary to predictions, this positive relationship, and the consistency of the two behaviours, were not affected by the salinity treatment, despite the physiological costs that high salinity imposes on the species. Moreover, over the entire data-set, there was only a marginally non-significant tendency for males to show higher levels of aggression and courtship in low, than high, salinity. The positive correlation between male aggression and courtship, independent of the physiological demands of the environment, suggests that males are not inclined to make contrasting resource investments into these two key reproductive behaviours. Instead, in this relatively euryhaline freshwater species, typical investment into current reproductive behaviours can occur under a range of different salinity conditions.
Multiclass Classifier based Cardiovascular Condition Detection Using Smartphone Mechanocardiography
Authors: Iftikhar Zuhair , Lahdenoja Olli , Jafari Tadi Mojtaba , Hurnanen Tero , Vasankari Tuija , Kiviniemi Tuomas , Airaksinen Juhani , Koivisto Tero , Pänkäälä Mikko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCardiac translational and rotational vibrations induced by left ventricular motions are measurable using joint seismocardiography (SCG) and gyrocardiography (GCG) techniques. Multi-dimensional non-invasive monitoring of the heart reveals relative information of cardiac wall motion. A single inertial measurement unit (IMU) allows capturing cardiac vibrations in sufficient details and enables us to perform patient screening for various heart conditions. We envision smartphone mechanocardiography (MCG) for the use of e-health or telemonitoring, which uses a multi-class classifier to detect various types of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using only smartphone’s built-in internal sensors data. Such smartphone App/solution could be used by either a healthcare professional and/or the patient him/herself to take recordings from their heart. We suggest that smartphone could be used to separate heart conditions such as normal sinus rhythm (SR), atrial fibrillation (AFib), coronary artery disease (CAD), and possibly ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) in multiclass settings. An application could run the disease screening and immediately inform the user about the results. Widespread availability of IMUs within smartphones could enable the screening of patients globally in the future, however, we also discuss the possible challenges raised by the utilization of such self-monitoring systems.
Effects of a Finger Tapping Fatiguing Task on M1-Intracortical Inhibition and Central Drive to the Muscle
Authors: Madrid Antonio , Madinabeitia-Mancebo Elena , Cudeiro Javier , Arias Pablo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe central drive to the muscle reduces when muscle force wanes during sustained MVC, and this is generally considered the neurophysiological footprint of central fatigue. The question is if force loss and the failure of central drive to the muscle are responsible mechanisms of fatigue induced by un-resisted repetitive movements. In various experimental blocks, we validated a 3D-printed hand-fixation system permitting the execution of finger-tapping and maximal voluntary contractions (MVC). Subsequently, we checked the suitability of the system to test the level of central drive to the muscle and developed an algorithm to test it at the MVC force plateau. Our main results show that the maximum rate of finger-tapping dropped at 30 s, while the excitability of inhibitory M1-intracortical circuits and corticospinal excitability increased (all by approximately 15%). Furthermore, values obtained immediately after finger-tapping showed that MVC force and the level of central drive to the muscle remained unchanged. Our data suggest that force and central drive to the muscle are not determinants of fatigue induced by short-lasting un-resisted repetitive finger movements, even in the presence of increased inhibition of the motor cortex. According to literature, this profile might be different in longer-lasting, more complex and/or resisted repetitive movements.
Steady states and transport processes in urban ozone balances
Authors: Khalil M. A. K. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCore chemical theory is combined with transport processes and local emissions to study the validity of commonly made assumptions regarding steady states to interpret urban and regional ozone data. It is shown that photo-stationary states of NO and NO2 cannot exist in urban areas or polluted regions in addition to the lack of such a state for ozone. Calculations in published papers, which make the assumption of a photo-stationary state for NO and NO2, or ozone, are likely to be inaccurate by unacceptable amounts. The Leighton Ratio is re-interpreted to show how it incorporates both the peroxy radical and transport effects on ozone, separating local chemical production from its transport. To illustrate the concepts and test the assumptions, hourly observations of ozone and its precursors from Yanbu in Saudi Arabia are analyzed. The major role of local transport processes and a large import of ozone at night, probably from aloft, are uncovered as a by-product.
Medium-resolution integral-field spectroscopy for high-contrast exoplanet imaging
Authors: Hoeijmakers H. J. , Schwarz H. , Snellen I. A. G. , de Kok R. J. , Bonnefoy M. , Chauvin G. , Lagrange A. M. , Girard J. H. 
Published: June 2018

Context. Angular differential imaging (ADI) and spectral differential imaging (SDI) are well-established high-contrast imaging techniques, but their application is challenging for companions at small angular separations from their host stars.
Aims. The aim of this paper is to investigate to what extent adaptive-optics assisted, medium-resolution (R ~ 5000) integral field spectrographs (IFS) can be used to directly detect the absorption of molecular species in the spectra of planets and substellar companions when these are not present in the spectrum of the star.
Methods. We analysed archival data of the β Pictoris system taken with the SINFONI integral field spectrograph located at ESO’s Very Large Telescope, originally taken to image β Pictoris b using ADI techniques. At each spatial position in the field, a scaled instance of the stellar spectrum is subtracted from the data after which the residuals are cross-correlated with model spectra. The cross-correlation co-adds the individual absorption lines of the planet emission spectrum constructively, while this is not the case for (residual) telluric and stellar features.
Results. Cross-correlation with CO and H2O models results in significant detections of β Pictoris b with signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) of 13.7 and 16.4 respectively. Correlation with a T = 1700 K BT-Settl model provides a detection with an S/N of 22.8. This in contrast to application of ADI, which barely reveals the planet. While the adaptive optics system only achieved modest Strehl ratios of 19–27% leading to a raw contrast of 1:240 at the planet position, cross-correlation achieves a 3σ contrast limit of 2.7 × 10−5 in this 2.5 hr data set, a factor ~40 below the raw noise level at an angular distance of 0.36′′ from the star.
Conclusions. Adaptive-optics assisted, medium-resolution IFS, such as SINFONI on the VLT and OSIRIS on the Keck Telescope, can be used for high-contrast imaging utilizing cross-correlation techniques for planets that are close to their star and embedded in speckle noise. We refer to this method as molecule mapping, and advocate its application to observations with future medium resolution instruments, in particular ERIS on the VLT, HARMONI on the ELT and NIRSpec, and MIRI on the JWST.
Studying star forming dwarf galaxies in Abell 779, Abell 1367, Coma, and Hercules clusters
Authors: Vaduvescu O. , Petropoulou V. , Reverte D. , Pinter V. 
Published: June 2018

Context. We continue to study star formation in dwarf galaxies located in nearby clusters.
Aims. Known physical and chemical relations outlining the formation and evolution of dwarfs is compared in different environments, including the Local Volume (LV) and some nearby clusters studied previously.
Methods. We used the TNG telescope for four nights in 2010 to acquire deep near-infrared imaging in K′ of 45 star forming dwarf galaxies located in the Abell 779, Abell 1367, Abell 1656 (Coma), and Abell 2151 (Hercules) clusters.
Results. Surface photometry was approached based on past experience by using the sech law to account for the outer old stellar contribution plus a Gaussian component to model the inner starburst, proving the blue compact dwarf (BCD) classification of most targets. Sech central surface brightness, semimajor axis, sech, and total apparent magnitude were measured, allowing to estimate size, absolute luminosity and mass for all targets.
Conclusions. The physical correlations between size, central brightness, and NIR luminosity appear to hold, but previously known linear fits break above MSK  =   − ​19 for Abell 779, Abell 1367 and especially for Hercules, while the dwarf fundamental plane (FP) is probed by only half cluster members, suggesting harassment by the denser cluster environments. Nevertheless, the chemical relations between the oxygen abundance, luminosity, gas mass, baryonic mass, and gas fraction in a closed box model are probed by most members of the four studied clusters, and the starburst grows linearly with the K′ luminosity.
« Médecine 4.0 » ou de l’importance des nouvelles technologies dans la médecine moderne
Authors: Wolf Bernhard , Scholze Christian 
Published: June 2018

Un changement de paradigme se dessine non seulement dans le monde de la technique (industrie 4.0), mais aussi en médecine : nous sommes aujourd’hui au seuil de la « médecine 4.0 ». Après de nombreuses années de primauté de la biologie moléculaire, il est aujourd’hui reconnu que les systèmes microélectroniques, grâce à leur miniaturisation croissante, progressent vers des dimensions équivalentes à celles des systèmes cellulaires et peuvent par conséquent être utilisés à des fins thérapeutiques. Cette revue montre, à travers l’exemple de la chimiothérapie personnalisée, comment la microélectronique sera amenée à jouer un rôle primordial dans la médecine moderne.
Complex primary hips for total hip replacement surgery at a tertiary institution in Nigeria
Authors: Anyaehie Udo Ego , Eyichukwu Gabriel Okey , Nwadinigwe Cajetan Uwatoronye , Katchy Amechi Uchenna 
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Total hip replacement (THR) surgery is still evolving in Nigeria with increasing awareness as more cases are being done. This has attraction for individuals who hitherto had no solutions for their hip pathologies. These are mostly complex primary hips which present challenging technical difficulties with increased risk of complications, thus requiring detailed planning to ensure successful operation. This work aims to present the pattern of complex primary hips presenting for THR, the challenges and complications.
Methodology: Data collected over a seven year period, of patients who presented for THR, were analyzed for age, sex, diagnosis, type of hip, complications, duration of surgery, blood loss and transfusions, challenges and outcome.
Results: Fifty-nine (43.4%) of the 136 cases of THR done were complex primary hip replacement surgeries. Avascular necrosis of femoral head amongst sickle cell disease patients (23.7%) was the commonest cause of complex primary hips in our series. Most of them had absent/tight medullary canals. This is followed by old unreduced hip dislocation and non-united hip fractures with an incidence of 10.1% each. The major peri operative complication noted was calcar split in 10 patients (16.9%)
Discussion: Sickle cell disease patients presented more with complex primary hips and the commonest difficulty was recreating medullary canals. Increased operation time and blood loss alongside technical difficulties should be anticipated and measures put in place to avert complications.
Nierenersatzverfahren: Information, Aufklärung, Dokumentation
Authors: Galle Jan , Reitlinger Jana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn renal replacement therapy, different methods are available: hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and kidney transplantation (KTx). In addition, variants can be used: HD as a home HD or center HD, PD as a conventional PD or automated (cycler) PD, KTx as a potentially short-term predictable living donation or conventional donor kidney donation. The patient and his familiar or caring environment must be informed accordingly. This means first of all: information about which procedures of kidney replacement therapy are possible and can be offered. Then the specific risks associated with each procedure should be elucidated (e. g. HD and shunt bleeding, PD and peritonitis, KTx and infections/neoplasias). This necessarily includes a structured documentation of the educating center/doctor about the communicated information and decisions taken.
ACE-I und ARB bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen: Was muss ich berücksichtigen?
Authors: Zeier Martin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractProteinuric kidney disease, especially in the early and middle stages of renal insufficiency, may be favorably affected by ACE-I/ARB. The progression of renal insufficiency is thereby slowed down and dialysis obligation occurs later or can even be avoided. This effect is independent of the underlying glomerular kidney disease. In the advanced stage of renal insufficiency, the benefit of ACE-I/ARB cannot yet be conclusively assessed. The interruption of ACE-I/ARB therapy may possibly contribute to a certain recovery of renal function and delay the onset of dialysis a little. However, studies are still pending and the benefits of ACE-I/ARB for the heart and blood vessels, especially at this stage of renal insufficiency, should not be overlooked.Patients with proteinuria benefit from ACE-I/ARB not only in terms of renal stabilization. A cardio-protective effect by reduction of proteinuria and a delay of progression is proven. On the other hand, the protective effect of ACE-I/ARB that can be detected directly on the heart and blood vessels should not be disregarded. Thus, even if chronic renal insufficiency no longer benefits directly from ACE-I/ARB therapy, cardiac protection may still be of great importance to the chronic kidney patient.
Nosokomiale Scabies: Ausbruch bei Personal einer Universitätsklinik
Authors: Ross Birgit , Esser Stefan , Engelberg Heike , Körber Andreas 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Ausbrüche von Scabies (Krätzmilben) sind in Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen häufig, in Krankenhäusern sind sie eher selten. Wir berichten über den Ausbruch von Scabies-Infektionen in einem Krankenhaus bei Pflegepersonal und Ärzten einer Intensiveinheit. Die Indexpatientin sei eine bereits umfangreich antiscabinös therapierte Patientin gewesen.
Beschreibung des Ausbruchs Zahlreiche Mitarbeiter stellten sich beim betriebsärztlichen Dienst beziehungsweise in der Universitätshautklinik vor, bei fünf konnte Scabies bestätigt werden. Aufgrund der anamnestischen Angaben schien die postulierte Übertragung durch die bekannte Patientin wahrscheinlich. Eine andere gemeinsame Infektionsquelle ließ sich nicht eruieren.
Therapie Alle Betroffenen sowie deren Kontaktpersonen wurden antiscabinös behandelt.
Diskussion Ursächlich war hier ganz offensichtlich der enge körperliche Kontakt der Mitarbeiter zur Patientin bei der Durchführung der Intensivtherapie. Der Fall zeigt, dass die Infektiosität der Krätzmilben auch nach einer antiscabinösen Behandlung eines bekannten Patienten sehr lange fortbestehen kann. Insbesondere unter den Bedingungen einer Intensivbehandlung sind daher für einen langen Zeitraum entsprechende Schutzmaßnahmen erforderlich.
Palliative Care: mehr Lebensqualität mit ATP-G
Authors: Eschmann Sarah , Giles-Heidecker Lena 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Positionierung Die Qualität des Liegens hat einen großen Einfluss auf die Lebensqualität von Palliativpatienten. Diese kann von Pflegenden maßgeblich
durch eine physiologische Positionierung, wie z. B. die angepasste Seitenlage, beeinflusst werden. Kombiniert mit der Nestlagerung steigert dies die
Lebensqualität des Palliativpatienten deutlich.
Aktualisierte Rahmenempfehlungen zur ambulanten geriatrischen Rehabilitation (AGR)
Authors: Meinck Matthias 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Bedarfsgerechter Ausbau? Dieser Beitrag skizziert wesentliche Inhalte der aktualisierten Rahmenempfehlungen zur AGR mit dem Schwerpunkt auf vorgenommene
Änderungen und Pflegerelevanz. Handelt es sich bei der Aktualisierung um eine Weiterentwicklung hin zu einem bedarfsgerechten Ausbau?
Scham und Würde in der Pflege
Authors: Immenschuh Ursula 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Am Anfang steht die Wahrnehmung Pflege und Scham sind untrennbar verbunden. Die Rahmenbedingungen von Pflege erschweren die würdevolle Pflege, nämlich die
Pflege, die Anerkennung, Schutz, Zugehörigkeit und Integrität aller zu wahren weiß. Das bedeutet als Erstes, die Scham wahrzunehmen, sie bei sich selber und bei
anderen gelten zu lassen, damit sie ihre schützende Funktion als Hüterin der Würde entfalten kann.
Geriatrisches Assessment GDS – Geriatrische Depressionsskala
Authors: Zemke Jens 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung
Frühdiagnostik Weltweit zählen depressive Syndrome zu den häufigsten Erkrankungen überhaupt. Im höheren Lebensalter zählen sie neben den demenziellen
Syndromen zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen. Depressionen kommen bei älteren Menschen nicht häufiger vor, sondern werden in vielen Fällen nicht richtig
erkannt, nicht ernst genommen und inadäquat behandelt. Die GDS erlaubt die frühzeitige Erkennung einer möglichen Depression alternder Patienten.
Die Integration von Homöopathie und Psychiatrie in der Behandlung schwerer psychischer Störungen
Authors: Koch Ulrich 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie homöopathische und die moderne psychiatrische Behandlung weisen in ihren Ansätzen viele Gemeinsamkeiten auf. Bei schweren und chronischen psychischen Erkrankungen ist oft mit nur einem Behandlungsansatz kein befriedigendes Ergebnis zu erzielen, weswegen die Notwendigkeit eines integrativen Ansatzes herausgearbeitet wird. Eine Heilungsdefinition wird vorgeschlagen, die auf die Ebene des Genesungsprozesses fokussiert und nicht mehr primär darauf, die bloße Symptomatik als Ausdruck der Krankheit zu beseitigen.
Neue Studie zur Prävention von Typ-1-Diabetes
Authors: Winkler Christiane , Ziegler Anette-Gabriele 
Published: June 2018

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGJedes Jahr erkranken etwa 2300 Kinder in Deutschland an einem Typ-1-Diabetes. Die Neuerkrankungsrate steigt dramatisch, durchschnittlich um 6,2 % pro Jahr. Die Freder1k
1
-Studie – ein erhöhtes Typ-1-Diabetesrisiko früh erkennen und vorbeugend handeln – ist Teil einer europäischen Programminitiative zur Prävention von Typ-1-Diabetes. Dieses Programm hat zum Ziel, schon bei Neugeborenen ein erhöhtes Typ-1-Diabetesrisiko zu erfassen, um dann Betroffene im nächsten Schritt präventiv behandeln zu können. Um die Kinder zu identifizieren, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für Typ-1-Diabetes tragen, können alle Neugeborenen und Säuglinge in Bayern seit dem letzten Jahr im Zuge der Freder1k-Studie getestet werden (www.aworldwithout1.com).
Efficacy and Effectiveness of Lithium in the Long-Term Treatment of Bipolar Disorders: An Update 2018
Authors: Severus Emanuel , Bauer Michael , Geddes John 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFor more than 40 years, lithium has been the gold standard in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorders. In the course of the last 15 years, other drugs have been approved in this indication and are widely used in clinical practice at the expense of lithium. New research from the last few years, however, indicates that lithium is still the first-line treatment in this indication. Against this background and lithium’s proven acute antimanic efficacy, we should perhaps be using lithium more regularly (in combination with an atypical antipsychotic, if necessary) right from the start for the acute treatment of a manic episode and, once remission has been achieved and euthymia maintained during continuation treatment, to regularly taper off the atypical antipsychotic, if possible, and continue with lithium as monotherapy for prophylactic treatment. This might lead to lithium being used more consistently with the scientific evidence in the long-term treatment of bipolar disorders. It remains uncertain, however, to predict who will respond to and tolerate lithium prophylactically, and more research is needed to deliver the best possible individualized care to our patients.