bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a SFTSV DNA vaccine that confers complete protection against lethal infection in ferrets
Authors: Kwak Jeong-Eun , Kim Young-Il , Park Su-Jin , Yu Min-Ah , Kwon Hyeok-Il , Eo Sukyeong , Kim Tae-Shin , Seok Joon , Choi Won-Suk , Jeong Ju Hwan , Lee Hyojin , Cho Youngran , Kwon Jin Ah , Jeong Moonsup , Maslow Joel N. , Kim Yong-Eun , Jeon Haili , Kim Kee K. , Shin Eui-Cheol , Song Min-Suk , Jung Jae U. , Choi Young Ki , Park Su-Hyung 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAlthough the incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) infection has increased from its discovery with a mortality rate of 10–20%, no effective vaccines are currently available. Here we describe the development of a SFTSV DNA vaccine, its immunogenicity, and its protective efficacy. Vaccine candidates induce both a neutralizing antibody response and multifunctional SFTSV-specific T cell response in mice and ferrets. When the vaccine efficacy is investigated in aged-ferrets that recapitulate fatal clinical symptoms, vaccinated ferrets are completely protected from lethal SFTSV challenge without developing any clinical signs. A serum transfer study reveals that anti-envelope antibodies play an important role in protective immunity. Our results suggest that Gn/Gc may be the most effective antigens for inducing protective immunity and non-envelope-specific T cell responses also can contribute to protection against SFTSV infection. This study provides important insights into the development of an effective vaccine, as well as corresponding immune parameters, to control SFTSV infection.
The grain yield modulator miR156 regulates seed dormancy through the gibberellin pathway in rice
Authors: Miao Chunbo , Wang Zhen , Zhang Lin , Yao Juanjuan , Hua Kai , Liu Xue , Shi Huazhong , Zhu Jian-Kang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe widespread agricultural problem of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) could potentially be overcome by improving seed dormancy. Here, we report that miR156, an important grain yield regulator, also controls seed dormancy in rice. We found that mutations in one MIR156 subfamily enhance seed dormancy and suppress PHS with negligible effects on shoot architecture and grain size, whereas mutations in another MIR156 subfamily modify shoot architecture and increase grain size but have minimal effects on seed dormancy. Mechanistically, mir156 mutations enhance seed dormancy by suppressing the gibberellin (GA) pathway through de-represssion of the miR156 target gene Ideal Plant Architecture 1 (IPA1), which directly regulates multiple genes in the GA pathway. These results provide an effective method to suppress PHS without compromising productivity, and will facilitate breeding elite crop varieties with ideal plant architectures.
Intramolecular substitutions of secondary and tertiary alcohols with chirality transfer by an iron(III) catalyst
Authors: Watile Rahul A. , Bunrit Anon , Margalef Jèssica , Akkarasamiyo Sunisa , Ayub Rabia , Lagerspets Emi , Biswas Srijit , Repo Timo , Samec Joseph S. M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOptically pure alcohols are abundant in nature and attractive as feedstock for organic synthesis but challenging for further transformation using atom efficient and sustainable methodologies, particularly when there is a desire to conserve the chirality. Usually, substitution of the OH group of stereogenic alcohols with conservation of chirality requires derivatization as part of a complex, stoichiometric procedure. We herein demonstrate that a simple, inexpensive, and environmentally benign iron(III) catalyst promotes the direct intramolecular substitution of enantiomerically enriched secondary and tertiary alcohols with O-, N-, and S-centered nucleophiles to generate valuable 5-membered, 6-membered and aryl-fused 6-membered heterocyclic compounds with chirality transfer and water as the only byproduct. The power of the methodology is demonstrated in the total synthesis of (+)-lentiginosine from D-glucose where iron-catalysis is used in a key step. Adoption of this methodology will contribute towards the transition to sustainable and bio-based processes in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries.
Candida albicans biofilm development is governed by cooperative attachment and adhesion maintenance proteins
Authors: McCall Andrew D. , Pathirana Ruvini U. , Prabhakar Aditi , Cullen Paul J. , Edgerton Mira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans is capable of adhering to the oral mucosa despite forces created by salivary flow. Although many fungal adhesion proteins have been identified, less is known about the temporal development of cell adhesion and biofilm growth in a flow environment. In this study, we use a flow system with real-time imaging of C. albicans cells as they adhere and grow. Rates of cell attachment and dispersion of C. albicans knockout strains of putative adhesins, transcription factors, and deletions with a hyperfilamentous phenotype were quantified during 18 h of biofilm development. Cell adhesion under flow is a multi-phase process initiated with cell rolling, then an initial firm attachment to the substrate occurs. After attachment, cells enter a growth phase where cells either commit to adherence or disperse. C. albicans Δeap1, Δhwp2, Δhyr1, and Δihd1 cells had significantly reduced initial attachment and subsequent adhesion, while Δals1/Δals3 had no change in initial attachment but reduced adhesion maintenance. WT cells had increased adhesion during the late growth phase when hyphae were more highly expressed. Hyperfilamentous strains had 10-fold higher total biofilm growth, a result of significantly reduced detachment rates, showing that hyphal morphogenesis is important for adhesion maintenance in the developing biofilm. The rate of C. albicans biomass dispersion was most important for determining the density of the mature biomass. Adhesion maintenance was mediated in part by Ywp1, a protein previously thought to regulate dispersion, thus it functions as an adhesion maintenance protein in C. albicans.
Improved methods for fluorescent labeling and detection of single extracellular vesicles using nanoparticle tracking analysis
Authors: Thane Kristen E. , Davis Airiel M. , Hoffman Andrew M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGrowing interest in extracellular vesicles (EV) has necessitated development of protocols to improve EV characterization as a precursor for myriad downstream investigations. Identifying expression of EV surface epitopes can aid in determining EV enrichment and allow for comparisons of sample phenotypes. This study was designed to test a rigorous method of indirect fluorescent immunolabeling of single EV with subsequent evaluation using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) to simultaneously determine EV concentration, particle size distribution, and surface immunophenotype. In this study, EV were isolated from canine and human cell cultures for immunolabeling and characterized using NTA, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting. Indirect fluorescent immunolabeling utilizing quantum dots (Qd) resulted in reproducible detection of individual fluorescently labeled EV using NTA. Methods were proposed to evaluate the success of immunolabeling based on paired particle detection in NTA light scatter and fluorescent modes. Bead-assisted depletion and size-exclusion chromatography improved specificity of Qd labeling. The described method for indirect immunolabeling of EV and single vesicle detection using NTA offers an improved method for estimating the fraction of EV that express a specific epitope, while approximating population size distribution and concentration.
Comparative linkage mapping of diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid Avena species suggests extensive chromosome rearrangement in ancestral diploids
Authors: Latta Robert G. , Bekele Wubishet A. , Wight Charlene P. , Tinker Nicholas A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe genusAvena(oats) contains diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid species that evolved through hybridization and polyploidization. Four genome types (named A through D) are generally recognized. We used GBS markers to construct linkage maps of A genome diploid (Avena strigosaxA.wiestii, 2n = 14), and AB genome tetraploid (A.barbata2n = 28) oats. These maps greatly improve coverage from older marker systems. Seven linkage groups in the tetraploid showed much stronger homology and synteny with the A genome diploids than did the other seven, implying an allopolyploid hybrid origin ofA.barbatafrom distinct A and B genome diploid ancestors. Inferred homeologies withinA.barbatarevealed that the A and B genomes are differentiated by several translocations between chromosomes within each subgenome. However, no translocation exchanges were observed between A and B genomes. Comparison to a consensus map of ACD hexaploidA.sativa(2n = 42) revealed that the A and D genomes ofA.sativashow parallel rearrangements when compared to the A genomes of the diploids and tetraploids. While intergenomic translocations are well known in polyploidAvena, our results are most parsimoniously explained if translocations also occurred in the A, B and D genome diploid ancestors of polyploidAvena.
Geographical differences in osteoporosis, obesity, and sarcopenia related traits in white American cohorts
Authors: Zhou Yu , Wu Kehao , Shen Hui , Zhang Jigang , Deng Hong-Wen , Zhao Lan-Juan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIt has been reported that geographical variation influences bone mineral density (BMD), obesity, and sarcopenia related traits in other countries. However, there is lack of similar studies in the US population. In this study, we compared data from three US study cohorts to evaluate geographical variations of BMD and body composition. BMD, fat mass and lean mass were collected from Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry machine. ANCOVA and Chi-square tests were used to compare the differences between BMDs, obesity and sarcopenia related traits from different regional sites (Omaha, Kansas City and Baton Rouge/New Orleans). Eta-squared was used to measure the effect sizes of these differences. A total of 11,315 Caucasians from our previous three study cohorts were compared. There was no significant geographical difference in BMD for males or females under the criteria of p-values < 0.05 and effect size η2 > 0.01. There were significant geographical differences with medium effect size (p-value < 0.001, 0.01 < η2 < 0.14) for whole body fat mass percentage and index of low muscle mass. For Caucasians in the United States, there is no significant geographical effect found on BMD. The obesity and sarcopenia related traits are significantly different between the three study cohorts.
Circularly polarised antenna with low RCS using chessboard grid hollow substrate
Authors: Guo Meng , Xue Bing , Wang Jing , Yang Guang 
Published: August 2019

In this Letter, the chessboard grid hollow substrate (CGHS) is firstly presented to enhance the scattering performance of circularly polarised metasurface antenna. Grounded structures and AMCs are designed into chessboard arrangement as radiator. The CGHS installed at the upper of original antenna diversifies the thickness of adjacent subarrays. In contrast to previous chessboard arrangements, the 180 reflection phase difference could be more easily realised for radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction (less than dB). By straightforwardly adjusting the reflection phase, this design realises a peak RCS reduction of dB at 14 GHz, dramatically reduces RCS from 7 to 20 GHz. Moreover, simulated results demonstrate CGHSs optimise the monostatic RCS reduction average at the operating bandwidth, approximately . Meanwhile, this design also yields a VSWR2 impedance matching bandwidth at 9.14–11.76 GHz and a less than 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth at 9.76–10.66 GHz.
Influence of driver characteristics on emissions and fuel consumption
Authors: Zheng Fangfang , Li Jie , van Zuylen Henk J. , Lu Chao 
Published: August 2019

All drivers have individual ways of driving. Still, there are groups of drivers with more or less similar characteristics. In this research, 28 drivers from Chengdu city (P.R. China) participated in an experiment where car following behaviour was measured with GPS devices. In every measured trip there was a leading and following vehicle both equipped with a GPS device. Drivers are classified based on a Driver Behaviour Questionnaire and observed acceleration and deceleration behaviour. The result shows four distinct classes of drivers: macho drivers, careful/inexperienced drivers, smooth going/professional drivers, and experienced/fast drivers. Drivers in the different classes give different emission of air pollution and fuel consumption. Saturation flows are determined from the trajectories and vary between different driver types. The measured trajectories have been analysed in detail to determine some parameters for the Wiedemann 74 model. Most default parameters in the VISSIM program appear to be unsuited for the simulation of driving behaviour measured in the experiment. The emissions and fuel consumption calculated by a simulation model with default parameters are not consistent with the empirical data. The calibration done for different driver types shows that several model parameters are significantly different for the different driver classes.
Weak target detection technology of passive radar on the navigation satellite signal
Authors: Fan Xiaoyan , Shang She , Song Dawei , Sun Wenfeng , Wen Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2019

The passive radar detection system receives secondary reflection signal by the navigation satellite signal. The secondary reflection signal is too weak to detect the target. The method to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of weak targets is proposed based on the accumulation algorithm. First, short‐time correlation of the echo signal sequence is accumulated in the short‐time coherence. Then long‐time coherent accumulation is used in the frequency multiplication sequence. Finally, incoherent accumulation is used to detect weak target. By simulation, the SNR of target signal increases 8 dB than tradition method.
Insulintherapie in der Praxis
Authors: Anderten Helmut 
Published: August 2019

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Einstellung auf Insulin ist oftmals mit vielen Vorbehalten behaftet, die sowohl den Therapeuten als auch den Patienten betreffen. Die „psychologische Insulinresistenz“ und die gleichermaßen von Arzt und Patient geübte Verharmlosung des „Alterszuckers“ tun ein Übriges dazu. Dennoch wird irgendwann im Verlauf eines Typ-2-Diabetes die Insulingabe unumgänglich sein, Menschen mit einem Typ-1-Diabetes müssen sofort Insulin erhalten. Die vielfältigen Vorbehalte speziell bei älteren Typ-2-Diabetespatienten sind nur teilweise begründet. Egal aber, ob begründet oder nicht, es ist unverzichtbar, sich mit all diesen Argumenten auseinanderzusetzen, um einen möglicherweise bestehenden inneren Widerstand gegen die Insuininjektion in die Chance einer konstruktiven Nutzung zu überführen. Dies ermöglicht die spätere eigene Anpassung- und Steuerungsleistung durch den Patienten.
New Technology of Thermoplastic Coating for Osmotic Pump Tablets: Study on in vitro Drug Release
Authors: Yuan Chunping , Hou Huimin , Ou Shuyun , Zhao Shujing , Gao Yongjian , Liu Qing 
Published: August 2019

Aim The in vitro drug release profiles of metformin hydrochloride thermoplastic coated tablets and nifedipine thermoplastic coated tablets were studied.
Methods By measuring the in vitro release profiles of the thermoplastic coated tablets of model drugs, the effects of membrane thickness, polyethylene glycol-1,500 (PEG1500) content, number of orifice, stirring speed, and release medium on the drug release were investigated, and the rule and mechanism of drug release were also analyzed by comparing with the osmotic pump tablets (OPTs).
Results Thermoplastic coated tablets with single- or double-chamber construction performed the same function of controlling the drug release, operated under the same release mechanism (osmotic pressure drove the drug release), and exhibited the same release characteristics (zero-order release, unaffected by release medium, and stirring speed) and release rule (release rate was inversely proportional to the membrane thickness but proportional to the PEG1500 content) as compared with OPTs prepared by the common spray coating technology.
Conclusion Thermoplastic coated tablets have the same release characteristics in vitro as OPTs. The new technology of thermoplastic coating can replace the spray coating technology of OPTs. This study provides theoretical basis and practical support for the industrialization and clinical application of thermoplastic coating technology.
EPIC 202843107: a close eclipsing binary containing a δ Scuti variable
Authors: Ou Jian-Wen , Yang Ming , Zhou Ji-Lin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper reports on the discovery that an eclipsing binary system, EPIC 202843107, has a δ Scuti variable component. The phased light curve from the Kepler space telescope presents a detached configuration. The binary modeling indicates that the two component stars have almost the same radius and may have experienced orbital circularization. Frequency analyses are performed for the residual light curve after subtracting the binary variations. The frequency spectrum reveals that one component star is a δ Scuti variable. A large frequency separation is cross-identified with the corresponding histogram, the Fourier transform and the echelle diagram method. The mean density of the δ Scuti component is estimated to be 0.09 g cm−3 based on the large separation and density relation. Systems like EPIC 202843107 are helpful to study the stellar evolution and physical state of binary stars.
Resource potential and planning for exploration of the Hebrus Valles, Mars
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Srivastava Neeraj , Kumar Yadav Santosh 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Mars is the only extraterrestrial body which could host primitive lifeforms and also has the potential to host a human base in the near future. Towards fulfilling these objectives, several remote sensing missions and rover based missions have been sent to Mars. Still, confirmation of existing or extinct life on this planet in any form has not been achieved and possibly human missions at selected sites in the future are the key to addressing this problem. Here, we have used remote sensing data from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO; NASA), Mars Global Surveyor (MGS; NASA), Mars Odyssey (NASA) and Mars Express (MEX; ESA) to devise an exploration strategy for one such area known as Hebrus Valles, which is a potential site for human exploration of the surface of Mars. A geological context map of the Hebrus Valles and Hephaestus Fossae region has been prepared and a candidate landing site has been proposed in the Hebrus Valles region. Suitable rover paths have been worked out from the proposed landing site for harnessing the science and resource potential of the region. The proposed landing site is located in the equatorial region at (

20
°

40

′

N,

126
°

23

′

E) and due to its proximity to the Potential Subsurface Access Candidates (PSACs) in the region, such as sinkholes and skylights and also other resources such as crater ejecta, silicate material and fluvial channels, the site is appropriate for exploration of the region.
Revisiting the event rate of short GRBs and estimating their detectable number within the Advanced LIGO horizon
Authors: Liu Hao-Yang , Yu Yun-Wei 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The redshift and luminosity distributions of 36 Swift short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are fitted by connecting their event rates with cosmic star formation rates using power-law distributed delay times

f
(
τ
)
∝

τ

−
1

, where a broken-power-law luminosity function is assumed and some empirical observational selection effects are taken into account. As a result, the most-likely model parameters are constrained to be

ν

1

=
0.91

,

ν

2

=
1.66

as power-law indices, with a break at

L

b

=
2.51
×

10

51

erg s−1 for the luminosity function and

τ

c

=
6.0

Gyr for a typical gravitational wave decay timescale of the binary orbit. The corresponding local rate of short GRBs is found to be

∼
(
3
−
4
)

Gpc

−
3

yr

−
1

. With these parameters, the detectable numbers of short GRBs are estimated within the horizon of Advanced LIGO.
Analysis of the X-ray emission of OB stars II: B stars
Authors: Ryspaeva Elizaveta , Kholtygin Alexander 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper is the second part of an investigation into the mechanism for the origin of X-rays in early-type stars. Archival X-ray observations of 25 B stars, obtained by the XMM-Newton satellite, are analysed. We check two hypotheses on the origin of X-ray emission: the Magnetically Confined Wind Shock Model (MCWS) and Pollock’s paradigm. For all studied stars, the mean ratio of the half widths at half maximum to the terminal velocities appears to be

R
≈
0.15
−
0.20

in contradiction to Pollock’s hypothesis that

R
≈
0.5

. We checked three possible consequences of the MCWS model: correlations between the hardness of the X-ray spectra for B stars and terminal wind velocities, mass loss rates and magnetic fields. It was shown that such correlations are marginal or even absent both for magnetic and non-magnetic B stars.
Prediction of reflection coefficient of a perforated Quarter Circle Breakwater using artificial neural network (ann)
Authors: Ramesh N , Hegde ArkalVittal , Rao Subba 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A breakwater is structure which is generally adopted in not only protecting the shoreline, but also in creating tranquil zone on the lee side of the structure minimizing the various movements on the anchored ships / vessels due to the wave / tidal action in the region resulting in easy handling of goods. Over the years, breakwater was generally constructed using rubble mounds. Due to the increase in demand for the coastal development all over the world, many innovative Breakwater were evolved as against the rubble mound. In the recent times, in order to economize the innovative breakwater construction, Semi Circular caisson type Breakwater has been studied. Based on Semi circularBreakwater (SBW), Quarter circular Breakwater (QBW) has been evolved. The hydrodynamic performance of a coastal structure is important, because it involves many parameters to be considered while designing a safe and economical structure. The hydro-dynamic performance of a Quarter circular breakwater is studied in a monochromatic wave flume in the Department of Applied Mechanics and Hydraulics, National Institute of Technology, Surathkal Karnataka, India. In the present paper reflection coefficient (Kr) of a perforated Quarter circular Breakwater (QBW) with various S/D ( spacing to diameter ratio) values is predicted applying Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique using MATLAB. Four networks were constructed by varying the number of hidden layers based on the input parameters, which affects the performance of the breakwater. The predicted values of reflection coefficient using ANN, are compared with the experimental results.
Investigation of Subsonic and Hypersonic Rarefied Gas Flow over a Backward Facing Step
Authors: Nabapure Deepak , Sanwal Jayesh , Rajesh Sreeram , Ram Chandra Murthy K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present study the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, which is one of the widely used numerical method to study the rarefied gas flows, is applied to investigate the flow characteristics of a hypersonic and subsonic flow over a backward-facing step. The work is driven by the interest in exploring the effects of the Mach number on the rarefied flow behaviour. The primary objective of this paper is to study the variation of velocity, pressure and temperature with Mach number. The numerical tool is validated with well established results from the literature and a good agreement is found among them. The computational results indicate that the flow downstream of the step is effected by the strong expansion near the step. The compressiblity and rarefaction effects also influence the velocity and temperature distributions in the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers.