bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source Identification and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Enriched PM2.5 in Tangshan, China
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xu Houjun , Fang Bo , Wang Hongwei , Yang Ze , Yang Wenqi , Hao Yulan , Wang Xuesheng , Wang Qian , Wang Manman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Tangshan city in Hebei Province is one of the most heavily polluted cities in China, with substantial industrial emissions. The development of effective air pollution emission reduction policies requires knowledge of the sources and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-enriched fine particulate matter (PM2.5). We investigated the seasonal variation and source apportionment of 16 priority PAH-enriched PM2.5 samples in Tangshan during 2014 and 2015, and we assessed the health risks associated with inhalation exposure to PAHs. The PM2.5 samples were collected from April 2014 to February 2015. We analyzed the concentrations of PM2.5 and PAH-enriched PM2.5, and used principal component analysis and molecular diagnostic ratios to identify potential sources. We explored the relationship between distribution and meteorological conditions, and used an incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model to quantitatively evaluate exposure from the inhalation risk of PAHs. The average mass concentration of PM2.5 was 196 µg/m3, with a range 34.0 to 586 µg/m3. The median ∑16PAH values in PM2.5 were 190 ng/m3, with a range of 60.2 to 862 ng/m3 over the sampling period. The order of ∑16PAHs concentration was winter &gt; autumn &gt; summer &gt; spring. The results show that the primary sources of PAH-enriched PM2.5 are coal combustion, vehicle exhaust, and biomass burning. The annual mean of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was 8.37 ng/m3, more than 8-fold greater than the BaP annual standard (1 ng/m3) set by the Chinese State Environmental Protection Agency. The ILCR values for 3 groups (children, teenagers, and adults) over the 4 seasons were between 10–6 and 10–4, indicating a potential health risk from PAHs in Tangshan. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:458–467. © 2019 SETAC
A diffuse‐interface immersed boundary method for simulation of compressible viscous flows with stationary and moving boundaries
Authors: Sun Yu , Yang Liming , Shu Chang , Chen You 
Published: October 2019

SummaryIn this paper, a diffuse‐interface immersed boundary method (IBM) is proposed for simulation of compressible viscous flows with stationary and moving boundaries. In the method, the solution of flow field and the implementation of boundary conditions are decoupled into two steps by applying the fractional step technique, ie, the predictor step and the corrector step. Firstly, in the predictor step, the intermediate flow field is resolved by a recently developed gas kinetic flux solver (GKFS) without consideration of the solid boundary. The GKFS is a finite volume approach that solves the Navier‐Stokes equations for the flow variables at cell centers. In GKFS, the inviscid and viscous fluxes are evaluated as a single entity by reconstructing the local solution of continuous Boltzmann equation. Secondly, in the corrector step, the intermediate flow field is corrected by the present diffuse‐interface IBM. During this process, the velocity field is firstly corrected by the implicit boundary condition–enforced IBM so that the no‐slip boundary condition can be accurately satisfied. After that, the density correction is made by an iterative approach with the help of the continuity equation. Finally, the correction of the temperature field is made in the same way as that of the velocity field. Good agreements between the present simulations and the reference data in literature demonstrate the reliability of the proposed method.
Ultraviolet light (365 nm) transmission properties of articular cartilage as a function of depth, extracellular matrix, and swelling
Authors: Torzilli Peter A. , Azimulla Abidally 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCurrent tissue engineering approaches for treatment of injured or diseased articular cartilage use ultraviolet light (UV) for in situ photopolymerization of biomaterials to fill chondral and osteochondral defects as well as resurfacing, stiffening and bonding the extracellular matrix and tissue interfaces. The most commonly used UV light wavelength is UVA 365 nm, the least cytotoxic and deepest penetrating. However, little information is available on the transmission of UVA 365 nm light through the cartilage matrix. In the present study, 365 nm UV light transmission was measured as a function of depth through 100 μm thick slices of healthy articular cartilage removed from mature bovine knees. Transmission properties were measured in normal (Native) cartilage and after swelling equilibration in phosphate‐buffered saline (Swollen). Single‐factor and multiple linear regression analyses were performed to determine depth‐dependencies between the effective attenuation coefficients and proteoglycan, collagen and water contents. For both cartilages, a significant depth‐dependency was found for the effective attenuation coefficients, being highest at the articular surface (superficial zone) and decreasing with depth. The effective attenuation coefficients for full‐thickness cartilages were approximately a third lower than the total attenuation coefficients calculated from the individual slices. Analysis of absorption and scattering effects due to the ECM and chondrocytes found that UV light scatter coefficients were ∼10 times greater than absorption coefficients. The greater transmittance of UV light through the thicker cartilage was attributed to the collagen within the ECM causing significant backscatter forward reflectance.
Efficacy of transdiagnostic behavior therapy on transdiagnostic avoidance in veterans with emotional disorders
Authors: Gros Daniel F. , Shapiro Mary Oglesby , Allan Nicholas P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo date, transdiagnostic treatments have primarily investigated treatment outcomes of general psychiatric symptomatology, rather than the specific transdiagnostic symptoms implicated in their protocols. The present study sought to address this significant gap in the literature by investigating the effect of transdiagnostic behavior therapy (TBT) on transdiagnostic avoidance.MethodForty‐four veterans diagnosed with various emotional disorders initiated TBT, and completed diagnostic and self‐report measures at pre‐ and posttreatment.ResultsParticipants demonstrated reliable treatment improvements in measures of situational, thought, and positive emotional avoidance, with moderate‐to‐large effect sizes, and in measures of physical/interoceptive avoidance with small‐to‐medium effect sizes.ConclusionsThe findings support the hypothesized effect of TBT in self‐report measures of four types of transdiagnostic avoidance in participants diagnosed with various emotional disorders. These findings contribute to the growing literature on the potential benefits of the transdiagnostic approaches to address symptomatology across diagnoses.
Identification of lncRNA NEAT1/miR‐21/RRM2 axis as a novel biomarker in breast cancer
Authors: Quan Dongling , Chen Kai , Zhang Jingru , Guan Yiqing , Yang Danni , Wu Huanxian , Wu Shaoyu , Lv Lin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAs a major disease that threatens the health of women worldwide, breast cancer (BC) lacks effective molecular markers in the clinic at the same time. We aim at finding a new biomarker of BC. In our study, through the Gene Expression Omnibus database chip, a total of 1393 pairs of microRNA‐messenger RNA (miRNA‐mRNA) networks and 35754 pairs of long noncoding RNA‐miRNA networks were obtained. We found out that NEAT1/miR‐21/RRM2 axis may play a role in BC diagnosis and prognosis. The real‐time quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction test was used to analyze the mRNA level of NEAT1, miR‐21, and RRM2. Western blot was used to detect the protein level of RRM2. Through the 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay, the proliferation of MDA‐MB‐231 cells was detected. Through wound healing and transwell assay, the migration of MDA‐MB‐231 cells was detected. Altogether, our data indicated that NEAT1, miR‐21, and RRM2 were upregulated in several BC cell lines. Overexpressed of miR‐21 in MDA‐MB‐231 cells promote proliferation and migration. Besides, our results demonstrated that overexpressed of miR‐21 upregulated the level of RRM2. Accordingly, miR‐21/RRM2 might be a new diagnosis and treatment target of BC.
Kp‐10 promotes bovine mammary epithelial cell proliferation by activating GPR54 and its downstream signaling pathways
Authors: Li Yanwei , Cao Yu , Wang Jiaxin , Fu Shoupeng , Cheng Ji , Ma Lijun , Zhang Qing , Guo Wenjin , Kan Xingchi , Liu Juxiong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIt has been reported that the proliferation and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells affect milk production. Therefore, ensuring adequate mammary epithelial cells is expected to enhance milk production. This study is devoted to studying the effects of kisspeptin‐10 (Kp‐10), a peptide hormone composed of 10 amino acids, on bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC) proliferation and exploring the underlying mechanism of its action. bMECs were treated with various concentrations of Kp‐10 (1, 10, 100, and 1,000 nM), and 100 nM Kp‐10 promoted the proliferation of the bMECs. Kp‐10 promoted the cell cycle transition from G1 to the S and G2 phases, increased the protein levels of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin D3, and reduced the expression levels of the p21 gene. This study also showed that inhibition of G protein‐coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), AKT, mTOR, and ERK1/2 reduced the proliferation of the bMECs that had been induced by Kp‐10. In addition, Kp‐10 decreased the complexes formed by Rb and E2F1 and increased the expression levels of the E2F1 target genes. These results indicate that Kp‐10 promotes bMEC proliferation by activating GPR54 and its downstream signaling pathways.
Novel LRAP‐binding partner revealing the plasminogen activation system as a regulator of cementoblast differentiation and mineral nodule formation in vitro
Authors: Martins Luciane , Amorim Bruna Rabelo , Salmon Cristiane Ribeiro , Leme Adriana Franco Paes , Kantovitz Kamila Rosamilia , Nociti Francisco Humberto 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmelogenin isoforms, including full‐length amelogenin (AMEL) and leucine‐rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP), are major components of the enamel matrix, and are considered as signaling molecules in epithelial–mesenchymal interactions regulating tooth development and periodontal regeneration. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to identify novel binding partners for amelogenin isoforms in the cementoblast (OCCM‐30), using an affinity purification assay (GST pull‐down) followed by mass spectrometry and immunoblotting. Protein‐protein interaction analysis for AMEL and LRAP evidenced the plasminogen activation system (PAS) as a potential player regulating OCCM‐30 response to amelogenin isoforms. For functional assays, PAS was either activated (plasmin) or inhibited (ε‐aminocaproic acid [aminocaproic]) in OCCM‐30 cells and the cell morphology, mineral nodule formation, and gene expression were assessed. PAS inhibition (EACA 100 mM) dramatically decreased mineral nodule formation and expression of OCCM‐30 differentiation markers, including osteocalcin (Bglap), bone sialoprotein (Ibsp), osteopontin (Spp1), tissue‐nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (Alpl) and collagen type I (Col1a1), and had no effect on runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Osterix (Osx) mRNA levels. PAS activation (plasmin 5 µg/µl) significantly increased Col1a1 and decreased Bglap mRNA levels (p < .05). Together, our findings shed new light on the potential role of plasminogen signaling pathway in the control of the amelogenin isoform‐mediated response in cementoblasts and provide new insights into the development of targeted therapies.
Response to Commentaries on the Exerting Self‐Control ≠ Sacrificing Pleasure Research Dialogue
Authors: Scopelliti Irene , Vosgerau Joachim , Huh Young Eun 
Published: October 2019

INTRODUCTION: “It should not take a funeral: An Introduction to the Dialogue on the Self‐Control Construct” by Aradhna KrishnaTARGET ARTICLE: “Exerting Self‐Control ≠ Sacrificing Pleasure” by Joachim Vosgerau, Irene Scopelliti, and Young‐Eun HuhCOMMENTARY #1: “Reflective Self‐Control in Self‐Control Scholarship: A Peircean Analysis” by Cait LambertonCOMMENTARY #2: “The importance of construct validity in consumer research” by Daniel Mochon and Janet Schwartz
Design, synthesis, and in vitro antimycobacterial activities of butylene tethered 7‐fluoroisatin‐isatin scaffolds
Authors: Liu Bi , Wang Gang‐Qiang , Peng Yan‐Hong , Tang Xiu‐Qin , Hu Guo‐Wen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this work, a series of butylene tethered heteronuclear 7‐fluoroisatin‐isatin scaffolds 4a to 4h were designed and synthesized, and the antimycobacterial activity profiles, cytotoxicity together with inhibitory activity against MTB DNA gyrase, were also investigated. All the synthesized heteronuclear scaffolds were active against MTB H37Rv and MDR‐MTB strains, and some of them were more potent than isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), ethambutol (EMB) against MDR‐MTB strain. The structure‐activity relationship demonstrated that the substituents on C‐3 position of 7‐fluoroisatin and isatin moieties were closely related with the activity, and hydrogen bond donors were favorable to the activity. Scaffolds with different substituents showed higher activity than the analogs with the same substituents at this position of the two isatin motifs, which may be attributed to the synergistic effect. Among them, the most active scaffold 4e (MIC: 1 and 4 μg/mL) was comparable with the first‐line anti‐TB agent EMB against MTB H37Rv, and ≥16‐fold more potent than INH, RIF, and EMB against MDR‐MTB strain, demonstrating its potential for fighting against infections caused by both drug‐sensitive and MDR MTB strains. Moreover, scaffold 4e also possessed excellent toxicological profiles and promising inhibitory activity against MTB DNA gyrase. Thus, scaffold 4e could act as an ideal platform for further optimization.
A study on a cohort of 301 Chinese patients with isolated methylmalonic acidemia
Authors: Kang Lulu , Liu Yupeng , Shen Ming , Liu Yi , He Ruxuan , Song Jinqing , Jin Ying , Li Mengqiu , Zhang Yao , Dong Hui , Liu Xueqin , Yan Hui , Qin Jiong , Zheng Hong , Chen Yongxing , Li Dongxiao , Wei Haiyan , Zhang Huifeng , Sun Liying , Zhu Zhijun , Liang Desheng , Yang Yanling 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMethylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is the most common organic acidemia in China. This study aimed to characterise the genotypic and phenotypic variabilities, and the molecular epidemiology of Chinese patients with isolated MMA. Patients (n = 301) with isolated MMA were diagnosed by clinical examination, biochemical assays, and genetic analysis. Fifty‐eight patients (19.3%) were detected by newborn screening and 243 patients (80.7%) were clinically diagnosed after onset. Clinical onset ranged from the age of 3 days to 23 years (mean age = 1.01 ± 0.15 years). Among 234 MMA patients whose detailed clinical data were available, 170 (72.6%) had early onset disease (before the age of 1 year), and 64 (27.4%) had late‐onset disease. The 234 MMA patients manifested with neuropsychiatric impairment (65.4%), haematological abnormality (31.6%), renal damage (8.5%), and metabolic crises (67.1%). Haematological abnormality was significantly more common in early‐onset patients than that in late‐onset patients. The incidence of metabolic crises was significantly high (P < 0.001) in patients with mut type than those with other types of isolated MMA. Variations (n = 122) were identified in MMUT, MMAA, MMAB, MMADHC, SUCLG1, and SUCLA2, of which 45 were novel. c.729_730insTT was the most frequent MMUT mutation, with a significantly higher frequency in our patients than that in 151 reported European patients. The frequency of c.914T>C in MMUT in our cohort was also higher than that in 151 European patients. MMUT mutations c.729_730insTT and c.914T>C are specific for the Chinese population. Our study expanded the spectrum of phenotypes and genotypes in isolated MMA.
A geometric morphometric approach to the analysis of skull shape in Triassic dicynodonts (Therapsida, Anomodontia) from South America
Authors: Ordonez Maria de los Angeles , Cassini Guillermo H. , Vizcaíno Sergio F. , Marsicano Claudia A. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDicynodont therapsids were a major component of the Permo‐Triassic terrestrial ecosystems across Pangea and have been regarded as specialized herbivores. In South America, the group was represented by several taxa of the clade Kannemeyeriiformes spanning from the Middle to the Late Triassic. In order to evaluate if cranial differences among taxa are potentially related to differences in feeding function, we performed a geometric morphometric analysis on 28 South American dicynodont crania. We digitized 19 cranial landmarks and conducted generalized Procrustes analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), principal component analysis between groups (bg‐PCA), and a branch weighted squared‐change parsimony approach. Phylogenetic inertia was not a significant driver of cranial shape evolution in the group, whereas PCA and bg‐PCA support that major morphological shape differences are concentrated in the preorbital region (relative length of the snout and width of the caniniform process), in the position of quadrate condyle in relation to the caniniform process, and in the increase in the intertemporal surface area. In this context, tusked Dinodontosaurus, “Kannemeyeria,” and Vinceria have relatively smaller adductor attachment areas and input moment arm than younger taxa lacking tusks, such as Ischigualastia, Stahleckeria, and Jachaleria. Differences in cranial morphology in later dicynodonts reflect modifications in feeding mechanics, probably due to changes in food resources (vegetation) in their habitats toward the end of the Triassic.
Ethnicity and response to primary three‐dose hepatitis B vaccination in employees in the Netherlands, 1983 through 2017
Authors: Koc Özgür M. , Menart Charlotte , Theodore Jemimah , Kremer Cécile , Hens Niel , Koek Ger H , Oude Lashof Astrid M. L. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsHepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination is recommended to all employees who have an occupational risk in the Netherlands. This study assessed the determinants of the immune response to primary standard three‐dose HBV vaccination (0, 1, 6 months), with the main focus on ethnicity.MethodsOut of 76 239 individuals who received HBV vaccination between April 1983 and December 2017, 11 567 persons with a known country of birth and complete vaccination schedule were included in this study. Weighted multiple logistic regression with Firth's bias adjustment was used to assess the determinants of nonresponse (anti‐HBs < 10 mIU/mL) and low response (anti‐HBs 10‐99 mIU/mL).ResultsBaseline characteristics of the study population (n = 11 567) were as follows: mean age 27.5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.23‐27.72), 99.4% born in the Netherlands and 93.5% of Western European origin. Of all identified subjects, 180 (1.6%) were HBV vaccine nonresponders and 549 (4.8%) were low responders. When compared with individuals aged <40 years, the rate of nonresponse (4.3% vs 0.8%; P < .001) and low response (11.9% vs 2.9%; P < .001) was higher in those aged 40 years or older. The height of anti‐HBs levels were lower in those subjects aged >40 years in comparison with those younger than 40 years, P < .001. All nonresponders were born in the Netherlands. Although no significant association was found between nonresponse and individuals of Western European origin (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.20; 95% CI, 0.66‐2.44; P = .163), low response to HBV vaccination was significantly associated with Western European origin (aOR = 2.21; 95% CI, 1.41‐3.86; P = .001). Significant determinants for nonresponse were older age at vaccination (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.06‐1.07; P < .001) and male gender (aOR = 2.51; 95% CI, 1.97‐3.22; P < .001).ConclusionsThe nonresponse rate was low in our study population. Our findings suggest that the vaccines being used for the primary vaccination are probably less immunogenic for older individuals, males, and persons of Western European origin.
Oxidative stress differentially induces tau dissociation from neuronal microtubules in neurites of neurons cultured from different regions of the embryonic Gallus domesticus brain
Authors: Beyrent Erika , Gomez George 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAbnormal phosphorylation of microtubule‐associated proteins such as tau has been shown to play a role in neurodegenerative disorders. It is hypothesized that oxidative stress‐induced aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau could lead to the microtubule network degradation commonly associated with neurodegeneration. We investigated whether oxidative stress induced tau hyperphosphorylation and focused on neurite degradation using cultured neurons isolated from the embryonic chick brain as a model system. Cells were isolated from the cerebrum, cerebellum, and tectum of 14‐day‐old chicks, grown separately in culture, and treated with tert‐Butyl hydroperoxide (to simulate oxidative stress) for 48 hr. Relative expression and localization of tau or phospho‐tau and β‐tubulin III in neurites were determined using quantitative immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. In untreated cells, tau was tightly colocalized with β‐tubulin III. Increasing levels of oxidative stress induced an increase in overall tau expression in neurites of cerebral and tectal but not the cerebellar neurons, coupled with a decrease in phospho‐tau expression in tectal but not the cerebral or cerebellar neurons. In addition, oxidative stress induced the degeneration of the distal ends of the neurites and redistribution of phospho‐tau toward the neuronal soma in the cerebral but not the tectal and cerebellar neurons. These results suggest that oxidative stress induces changes in tau protein that precede cytoskeletal degradation and neurite retraction. Additionally, there is a differential susceptibility of neuronal subpopulations to oxidative stress, which may offer potential avenues for investigation of the cellular mechanisms underlying the differential manifestations of neurodegenerative disorders in different regions of the brain.
Diversity of esterase and lipase producing haloalkaliphilic bacteria from Lake Magadi in Kenya
Authors: Kiplimo Denis , Mugweru Julius , Kituyi Sarah , Kipnyargis Alex , Mwirichia Romano 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLipids are hydrocarbons comprised of long‐chain fatty acids and are found in all living things. In the environment, microorganisms degrade them to obtain energy using esterases and lipases. These enzymes are nowadays used in different industrial applications. We report isolation of 24 bacteria with esteresic and lipolytic activity from Lake Magadi, Kenya. The isolates were characterised using morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. Isolates grew at an optimum salt concentration of 5–8% (w/v), pH range of 8.0–9.0, and temperature range of 35–40°C. The isolates were positive for esterase and lipase assay as well as other extracellular enzymes. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene showed that the isolates were affiliated to the genus Bacillus, Alkalibacterium, Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Halomonas, and Alkalilimnicola. None of the bacterial isolates produced antimicrobial agents, and all of them were resistant to trimethoprim and nalidixic acid but susceptible to streptomycin, amoxillin, chloramphenicol, and cefotaxime. Growth at elevated pH, salt, and temperature is an indicator that the enzymes from these organisms could function well under haloalkaline conditions. Therefore, Lake Magadi could be a good source of isolates with the potential to produce unique biocatalysts for the biotechnology industry.