bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response of Induced Seismicity to Injection Rate Reduction: Models of Delay, Decay, Quiescence, Recovery, and Oklahoma
Authors: Dempsey David , Riffault Jeremy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWhen injection‐induced seismicity poses a risk to communities, it is common to reduce the injection rate or halt operations. This applies both to individual wells and well clusters, such as those within the Area of Interest for Triggered Seismicity in Western Oklahoma, where in 2016 a 40% volume reduction mandate was imposed by the state regulator. Here we quantify how induced seismicity responds to an injection reduction. We introduce models of pressure diffusion in idealized geometries coupled to steady state pressurization and rate‐state models of earthquake triggering. We find that the delay in seismicity onset and then postreduction behavior—decay, sometimes quiescence, and recovery of the seismicity rate—depend on the critical triggering pressure and on diffusion and rate‐state parameters. We have adapted our model to replicate the timing of onset, peak, and recent pace of decline of seismicity triggered by wastewater injection in Western Oklahoma. Our analysis implies that diffusivity in the Arbuckle formation is high (between 44 and 277 m2/s). The critical triggering pressure is inferred to be between 0.021 and 0.077 MPa, and fluid overpressure at 4.5‐km depth in the basement is estimated to have increased by as much as 0.190 MPa. We simulate future seismicity out to 2025 for three scenarios. Fixing the 2018 injection rate, already less than the limit imposed by the state regulator, we find a high likelihood of further M ≥ 5 earthquakes. This suggests that the volume reduction mandate in Western Oklahoma is, at present levels, inadequate.
Unique roles of tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase in immune control and its therapeutic implications
Authors: Jin Mirim 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTryptophanyl tRNA synthetase (WRS) is an essential enzyme as it catalyzes the ligation of tryptophan to its cognate tRNA during translation. Interestingly, mammalian WRS has evolved to acquire domains or motifs for novel functions beyond protein synthesis; WRS can also further expand its functions via alternative splicing and proteolytic cleavage. WRS is localized not only to the nucleus but also to the extracellular space, playing a key role in innate immunity, angiogenesis, and IFN-γ signaling. In addition, the expression of WRS varies significantly in different tissues and pathological states, implying that it plays unique roles in physiological homeostasis and immune defense. This review addresses the current knowledge regarding the evolution, structural features, and context-dependent functions of WRS, particularly focusing on its roles in immune regulation.
Interference-assisted kaleidoscopic meta-plexer for arbitrary spin-wavefront manipulation
Authors: Xu He-Xiu , Hu Guangwei , Li Ying , Han Lei , Zhao Jianlin , Sun Yunming , Yuan Fang , Wang Guang-Ming , Jiang Zhi Hao , Ling Xiaohui , Cui Tie Jun , Qiu Cheng-Wei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAchieving simultaneous polarization and wavefront control, especially circular polarization with the auxiliary degree of freedom of light and spin angular momentum, is of fundamental importance in many optical applications. Interferences are typically undesirable in highly integrated photonic circuits and metasurfaces. Here, we propose an interference-assisted metasurface-multiplexer (meta-plexer) that counterintuitively exploits constructive and destructive interferences between hybrid meta-atoms and realizes independent spin-selective wavefront manipulation. Such kaleidoscopic meta-plexers are experimentally demonstrated via two types of single-layer spin-wavefront multiplexers that are composed of spatially rotated anisotropic meta-atoms. One type generates a spin-selective Bessel-beam wavefront for spin-down light and a low scattering cross-section for stealth for spin-up light. The other type demonstrates versatile control of the vortex wavefront, which is also characterized by the orbital angular momentum of light, with frequency-switchable numbers of beams under linearly polarized wave excitation. Our findings offer a distinct interference-assisted concept for realizing advanced multifunctional photonics with arbitrary and independent spin-wavefront features. A variety of applications can be readily anticipated in optical diodes, isolators, and spin-Hall meta-devices without cascading bulky optical elements.
Inhibition of HGF/MET signaling decreases overall tumor burden and blocks malignant conversion in Tpl2-related skin cancer
Authors: Bonan Nicole F. , Kowalski David , Kudlac Kaitie , Flaherty Kira , Gwilliam J. Curtis , Falkenberg Lauren G. , Maradiaga Erik , DeCicco-Skinner Kathleen L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family of serine/threonine kinases. Deletion of the Tpl2 gene is associated with a significantly higher number of papillomas and cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs). Overexpression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor MET is abundant in cSCC and can lead to increased proliferation, migration, invasion or resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The aim of this study was to address whether the increased tumor burden in Tpl2−/− mice is due to aberrant HGF/MET signaling. C57Bl/6 wild type (WT) and Tpl2−/− mice were subjected to a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis protocol for one year. At the time of promotion half of the mice received 44 mg/kg capmatinib (INC 280), a pharmacological inihibitor of MET, in their diet. Tpl2−/− mice had signficantly higher tumor incidence and overall tumor burden compared to WT mice. Further, carcinogen-intiated Tpl2−/− mice could bypass the need for promotion, as 89% of Tpl2−/− mice given only DMBA developed papillomas. v-rasHa -transduced keratinocytes and SCCs from Tpl2−/− mice revealed an upregulation in HGF and p-MET signaling compared to WT animals. Long-term capmatinib treatment had no adverse effects in mice and capmatinib-fed Tpl2−/− mice had a 60% reduction in overall tumor burden. Further, no tumors from Tpl2−/− mice fed capmatinib underwent malignant conversion. In summary targeting MET may be a potential new strategy to combat cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas that result from dysregulation in MAPK signaling.
NOTUM inhibition increases endocortical bone formation and bone strength
Authors: Brommage Robert , Liu Jeff , Vogel Peter , Mseeh Faika , Thompson Andrea Y. , Potter David G. , Shadoan Melanie K. , Hansen Gwenn M. , Jeter-Jones Sabrina , Cui Jie , Bright Dawn , Bardenhagen Jennifer P. , Doree Deon D. , Movérare-Skrtic Sofia , Nilsson Karin H. , Henning Petra , Lerner Ulf H. , Ohlsson Claes , Sands Arthur T. , Tarver James E. , Powell David R. , Zambrowicz Brian , Liu Qingyun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe disability, mortality and costs caused by non-vertebral osteoporotic fractures are enormous. Existing osteoporosis therapies are highly effective at reducing vertebral but not non-vertebral fractures. Cortical bone is a major determinant of non-vertebral bone strength. To identify novel osteoporosis drug targets, we phenotyped cortical bone of 3 366 viable mouse strains with global knockouts of druggable genes. Cortical bone thickness was substantially elevated in Notum−/− mice. NOTUM is a secreted WNT lipase and we observed high NOTUM expression in cortical bone and osteoblasts but not osteoclasts. Three orally active small molecules and a neutralizing antibody inhibiting NOTUM lipase activity were developed. They increased cortical bone thickness and strength at multiple skeletal sites in both gonadal intact and ovariectomized rodents by stimulating endocortical bone formation. Thus, inhibition of NOTUM activity is a potential novel anabolic therapy for strengthening cortical bone and preventing non-vertebral fractures.
The synthesis and characterization of giant Calixarenes
Authors: Guérineau Vincent , Rollet Marion , Viel Stéphane , Lepoittevin Bénédicte , Costa Ludovic , Saint-Aguet Pascale , Laurent Régis , Roger Philippe , Gigmes Didier , Martini Cyril , Huc Vincent 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCalixarenes are cyclic oligomers obtained by condensation of suitable p-functionalised phenols with formaldehyde, usually allowing for the synthesis of the well known small calixarenes (including up to eight phenolic subunits). We report here the discovery of much larger members of this family, exhibiting sizes up to 90 phenolic subunits: the giant calixarenes. These macrocycles are obtained according to simple, easily scalable processes, in yields up to 65%. We show that the formation of these giant macrocycles is favored by an oxygen-containing-group at the para-position of the starting phenol, high concentrations of heavy alkaline bases (rubidium or cesium hydroxides) and long reaction times. A mechanism is proposed to rationalize these observations. These giant macrocycles can also be obtained in the quasi-solid state, opening interesting perspectives in the field of calixarenes chemistry. Along with their intrinsic fundamental interest, these objects are also opening interesting applicative potentialities.
Arctic amplification is caused by sea-ice loss under increasing CO2
Authors: Dai Aiguo , Luo Dehai , Song Mirong , Liu Jiping 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWarming in the Arctic has been much faster than the rest of the world in both observations and model simulations, a phenomenon known as the Arctic amplification (AA) whose cause is still under debate. By analyzing data and model simulations, here we show that large AA occurs only from October to April and only over areas with significant sea-ice loss. AA largely disappears when Arctic sea ice is fixed or melts away. Periods with larger AA are associated with larger sea-ice loss, and models with bigger sea-ice loss produce larger AA. Increased outgoing longwave radiation and heat fluxes from the newly opened waters cause AA, whereas all other processes can only indirectly contribute to AA by melting sea-ice. We conclude that sea-ice loss is necessary for the existence of large AA and that models need to simulate Arctic sea ice realistically in order to correctly simulate Arctic warming under increasing CO2.
Iron-catalyzed carboazidation of alkenes and alkynes
Authors: Xiong Haigen , Ramkumar Nagarajan , Chiou Mong-Feng , Jian Wujun , Li Yajun , Su Ji-Hu , Zhang Xinhao , Bao Hongli 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCarboazidation of alkenes and alkynes holds the promise to construct valuable molecules directly from chemical feedstock therefore is significantly important. Although a few examples have been developed, there are still some unsolved problems and lack of universal methods for carboazidation of both alkenes and alkynes. Here we describe an iron-catalyzed rapid carboazidation of alkenes and alkynes, enabled by the oxidative radical relay precursor t-butyl perbenzoate. This strategy enjoys success with a broad scope of alkenes under mild conditions, and it can also work with aryl alkynes which are challenging substrates for carboazidation. A large number of diverse structures, including many kinds of amino acid precursors, fluoroalkylated vinyl azides, other specific organoazides, and 2H-azirines can be easily produced.
Room temperature multi-phonon upconversion photoluminescence in monolayer semiconductor WS2
Authors: Jadczak J. , Bryja L. , Kutrowska-Girzycka J. , Kapuściński P. , Bieniek M. , Huang Y.-S. , Hawrylak P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhoton upconversion is an anti-Stokes process in which an absorption of a photon leads to a reemission of a photon at an energy higher than the excitation energy. The upconversion photoemission has been already demonstrated in rare earth atoms in glasses, semiconductor quantum wells, nanobelts, carbon nanotubes and atomically thin semiconductors. Here, we demonstrate a room temperature upconversion photoluminescence process in a monolayer semiconductor WS2, with energy gain up to 150 meV. We attribute this process to transitions involving trions and many phonons and free exciton complexes. These results are very promising for energy harvesting, laser refrigeration and optoelectronics at the nanoscale.
Highly compliant planar Hall effect sensor with sub 200 nT sensitivity
Authors: Granell Pablo Nicolás , Wang Guoliang , Cañon Bermudez Gilbert Santiago , Kosub Tobias , Golmar Federico , Steren Laura , Fassbender Jürgen , Makarov Denys 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBeing a facet of flexible electronics, mechanically reshapeable magnetic field sensorics enable novel device ideas for soft robotics, interactive devices for virtual- and augmented reality and point of care diagnostics. These applications demand mechanically compliant yet robust sensor devices revealing high sensitivity to small magnetic fields. To push the detection limit of highly compliant and linear magnetic field sensors to be in the sub-µT range, we explore a new fundamental concept for magnetic field sensing, namely the planar Hall effect in magnetic thin films. With their remarkable bendability down to 1 mm, these compliant planar Hall effect sensors allow for an efficient detection of magnetic fields as small as 200 nT with a limit of detection of 20 nT. We demonstrate the application potential of these devices as a direction (angle) as well as proximity (distance) sensors of tiny magnetic fields emanating from magnetically functionalized objects. With their intrinsic linearity and simplicity of fabrication, these compliant planar Hall effect sensors have the potential to become a standard solution for low field applications of shapeable magnetoelectronics in point of care applications and on-skin interactive electronics.
Chiral optical tweezers for optically active particles in the T-matrix formalism
Authors: Patti Francesco , Saija Rosalba , Denti Paolo , Pellegrini Giovanni , Biagioni Paolo , Iatì Maria Antonia , Maragò Onofrio M. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractModeling optical tweezers in the T-matrix formalism has been of key importance for accurate and efficient calculations of optical forces and their comparison with experiments. Here we extend this formalism to the modeling of chiral optomechanics and optical tweezers where chiral light is used for optical manipulation and trapping of optically active particles. We first use the Bohren decomposition to deal with the light scattering of chiral light on optically active particles. Thus, we show analytically that all the observables (cross sections, asymmetry parameters) are split into a helicity dependent and independent part and study a practical example of a complex resin particle with inner copper-coated stainless steel helices. Then, we apply this chiral T-matrix framework to optical tweezers where a tightly focused chiral field is used to trap an optically active spherical particle, calculate the chiral behaviour of optical trapping stiffnesses and their size scaling, and extend calculations to chiral nanowires and clusters of astrophysical interest. Such general light scattering framework opens perspectives for modeling optical forces on biological materials where optically active amino acids and carbohydrates are present.
Sex and age modulate antennal chemosensory-related genes linked to the onset of host seeking in the yellow-fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti
Authors: Tallon Anaïs Karine , Hill Sharon Rose , Ignell Rickard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe mosquitoAedes aegyptiis the primary vector for the fastest growing infectious disease in the world, dengue fever. Disease transmission heavily relies on the ability of female mosquitoes to locate their human hosts. Additionally, males may be found in close proximity to humans, where they can find mates. Host seeking behaviour of both sexes is dependent on adult sexual maturation. Identifying the molecular basis for the onset of host seeking may help to determine targets for future vector control. In this study, we investigate modulation of the host seeking behaviour and the transcript abundance of the main chemoreceptor families between sexes and across ages in newly-emerged mosquitoes. Attraction to human odour was assessed using a Y-tube olfactometer, demonstrating that both males and females display age-dependent regulation of host seeking. The largest increase in transcript abundance was identified for select chemosensory genes in the antennae of young adultAe.aegyptimosquitoes and reflects the increase in attraction to human odour observed between 1 and 3 day(s) post-emergence in both males and females. Future functional characterisation of the identified differentially abundant genes may provide targets for the development of novel control strategies against vector borne diseases.
Achieving superelasticity in additively manufactured NiTi in compression without post-process heat treatment
Authors: Shayesteh Moghaddam Narges , Saedi Soheil , Amerinatanzi Amirhesam , Hinojos Alejandro , Ramazani Ali , Kundin Julia , Mills Michael J. , Karaca Haluk , Elahinia Mohammad 
Published: January 2019

AbstractShape memory alloys (SMAs), such as Nitinol (i.e., NiTi), are of great importance in biomedical and engineering applications due to their unique superelasticity and shape memory properties. In recent years, additive manufacturing (AM) processes have been used to produce complex NiTi components, which provide the ability to tailor microstructure and thus the critical properties of the alloys, such as the superelastic behavior and transformation temperatures (TTs), by selection of processing parameters. In biomedical applications, superelasticity in implants play a critical role since it gives the implants bone-like behavior. In this study, a methodology of improving superelasticity in Ni-rich NiTi components without the need for any kind of post-process heat treatments will be revealed. It will be shown that superelasticity with 5.62% strain recovery and 98% recovery ratio can be observed in Ni-rich NiTi after the sample is processed with 250 W laser power, 1250 mm/s scanning speed, and 80 µm hatch spacing without, any post-process heat treatments. This superelasticity in as-fabricated Ni-rich SLM NiTi was not previously possible in the absence of post-process heat treatments. The findings of this study promise the fast, reliable and inexpensive fabrication of complex shaped superelastic NiTi components for many envisioned applications such as patient-specific biomedical implants.
A new recombineering system for precise genome-editing in Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 using single-stranded oligonucleotides
Authors: Corts Anna D. , Thomason Lynn C. , Gill Ryan T. , Gralnick Jeffrey A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractShewanella oneidensisMR-1 is an invaluable host for the discovery and engineering of pathways important for bioremediation of toxic and radioactive metals and understanding extracellular electron transfer. However, genetic manipulation is challenging due to the lack of genetic tools. Previously, the only reliable method used for introducing DNA intoShewanella spp. at high efficiency was bacterial conjugation, enabling transposon mutagenesis and targeted knockouts using suicide vectors for gene disruptions. Here, we describe development of a robust and simple electroporation method inS.oneidensisthat allows an efficiency of ~4.0 x 106transformants/µg DNA. High transformation efficiency is maintained when cells are frozen for long term storage. In addition, we report a new prophage-mediated genome engineering (recombineering) system using a λ Red Beta homolog fromShewanellasp. W3-18-1. By targeting two different chromosomal alleles, we demonstrate its application for precise genome editing using single strand DNA oligonucleotides and show that an efficiency of ~5% recombinants among total cells can be obtained. This is the first effective and simple strategy for recombination with markerless mutations inS.oneidensis. Continued development of this recombinant technology will advance high-throughput and genome modification efforts to engineer and investigateS.oneidensisand other environmental bacteria.
Enhanced Electrochemical performance at high temperature of Cobalt Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites and its application in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Mussa Yasmin , Ahmed Faheem , Abuhimd Hatem , Arsalan Muhammad , Alsharaeh Edreese 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe report a microwave irradiation method for the preparation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) based Co3O4 nanocomposites as anodes for lithium-ion (li-ion) batteries. The Co3O4/RGO nanocomposites displayed good electrochemical behavior as anodic materials for li-ion batteries when compared to pure Co3O4. The Co3O4/RGO nanocomposites with low RGO content resulted in stable electrochemical performance with 100% coulombic efficiency at a high current density of 500 mA/g for 50 cycles. The enhanced capacity of the Co3O4/RGO nanocomposites is due to the incorporation of RGO, which resulted in a four times larger surface area than that of Co3O4. This increased surface area could facilitate the absorption of more lithium ions, resulting in excellent electrochemical performance. Interestingly, the novelty of this work is that the designed li-ion batteries showed stable electrochemical performance even at a high temperature of 100 °C, which might be useful for rechargeable battery applications in a wide temperature range.
Compton Scattering of γ-Ray Vortex with Laguerre Gaussian Wave Function
Authors: Maruyama Tomoyuki , Hayakawa Takehito , Kajino Toshitaka 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this work, we report calculation for Compton scattering of a γ-ray vortex with a wave function of Laguerre Gaussian on an electron in the framework of the relativistic quantum mechanics. We consider the coincidence measurement of the scattered photon and the scattered electron from each Compton scattering. The momentum of the scattered photon distributes outside of the reaction plane determined by the incident photon and the scattered electron, and the energy of the scattered photon also distributes, when the scattered angle of the electron is simultaneously measured. These distributions depend on the angular momentum and the node number of the Laguerre Gaussian function of the incident photon. Thus, the coincident measurement for Compton scattering is useful to identify the nature of the vortex photon wave function.
Connexin43 mutations linked to skin disease have augmented hemichannel activity
Authors: Srinivas Miduturu , Jannace Thomas F. , Cocozzelli Anthony G. , Li Leping , Slavi Nefeli , Sellitto Caterina , White Thomas W. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMutations in the gene (GJA1) encoding connexin43 (Cx43) are responsible for several rare genetic disorders, including non-syndromic skin-limited diseases. Here we used two different functional expression systems to characterize three Cx43 mutations linked to palmoplantar keratoderma and congenital alopecia-1, erythrokeratodermia variabilis et progressiva, or inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus. In HeLa cells and Xenopus oocytes, we show that Cx43-G8V, Cx43-A44V and Cx43-E227D all formed functional gap junction channels with the same efficiency as wild-type Cx43, with normal voltage gating and a unitary conductance of ~110 pS. In HeLa cells, all three mutations also localized to regions of cell-cell contact and displayed a punctate staining pattern. In addition, we show that Cx43-G8V, Cx43-A44V and Cx43-E227D significantly increase membrane current flow through formation of active hemichannels, a novel activity that was not displayed by wild-type Cx43. The increased membrane current was inhibited by either 2 mM calcium, or 5 µM gadolinium, mediated by hemichannels with a unitary conductance of ~250 pS, and was not due to elevated mutant protein expression. The three Cx43 mutations all showed the same gain of function activity, suggesting that augmented hemichannel activity could play a role in skin-limited diseases caused by human Cx43 mutations.