bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As relações entre a língua portuguesa e as questões de gênero: há uma linguagem neutra?
Authors: Silva Filho Eraldo Batista da 
Published: December 2024

Resenha do livro: Freitag, R. M. K. (2024). Não existe linguagem neutra! Gênero na sociedade e na gramática do português brasileiro. São Paulo, SP: Contexto. 176p. ISBN-13 978-6555414295
La gestione dello shock anafilattico da parte di un mezzo di soccorso avanzato a leadership infermieristica: un case report
Authors: Righi Lorenzo , Migliorini Aurora , Trapassi Stefano , Pinzi Manuel 
Published: December 2024

Introduzione: l'anafilassi è una reazione allergica sistemica acuta e potenzialmente letale che si manifesta rapidamente dopo l'esposizione a un allergene, con sintomi come difficoltà respiratorie, gonfiore delle vie aeree, ipotensione e rash cutanei. La somministrazione di adrenalina intramuscolare è il trattamento di prima scelta per gestirla.
Materiali e Metodi: è stato condotto un case report su un caso di anafilassi grave gestito da un mezzo di soccorso avanzato (ambulanza) a leadership infermieristica in Regione Toscana, evidenziando l'efficacia del trattamento e le criticità nel processo.
Risultati: è stata somministrata adrenalina e altri farmaci secondo le procedure infermieristiche avanzate, con un miglioramento significativo dei parametri vitali della paziente durante il trasporto.
Discussione: questo caso clinico evidenzia l'importanza di un intervento rapido ed efficace da parte del personale infermieristico extraospedaliero nella gestione dell'anafilassi e sottolinea la necessità di promuovere l'educazione sull'uso tempestivo degli auto-iniettori di adrenalina a domicilio.
Evolution of Sleep Apnea and Arousals in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study
Authors: Srijithesh PR , Mythirayee Sivasubramanian , Seshagiri Doniparthi Venkata , Kamble Nitish L , Sinha Sanjib , Yadav Ravi 
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives:
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is characterized by pauses or shallow breathing during sleep. It is linked to poorer outcomes and increased stroke recurrence in stroke patients. We aimed to evaluate the proportion, severity, type, and evolution of SDB and arousals in ischemic stroke patients.

Methods:
Ischemic stroke patients were recruited to evaluate SDB. Patients underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG) twice – within 1 month of stroke onset and again after 3 months. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 6, 18, and 24 months.

Results:
Of 141 acute ischemic stroke patients screened, 111 patients recruited in the study and 105 patients had technically adequate polysomnography. The mean age of patients was 50.5 years (standard deviation [SD]: 12.30), 78.4% of the patients were males, and the mean body mass index was 26 (SD: 5.4). Results showed that 81.9% had an apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5, with 12.5% having an AHI >30. The median arousal index (ArI) was 15.4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.5–50.5), which increased as the apnea increased. During follow-up, 56.8% patients had an AHI ≥5, with 12.5% having severe apnea. The median ArI decreased from 15.4 (IQR: 0.5–50.5) initially to 11.54 (IQR: 0.5-21.1) at follow-up. Numerical change in AHI severity categories were noted during the follow-up (mild: 8 vs 15; moderate: 17 vs 11; severe 19vs 7). For AHI >30, ArI decreased from 24.63 (IQR: 0.7-50.05) to 10.54 (IQR: 7.1-15.07) at follow-up. Sleep efficiency and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration increased on follow-up.

Conclusions:
The study showed a high proportion of SDB in acute ischemic stroke patients. In the follow-up, SDB improved, as reflected in AHI and ArI changes.
Correlation of Facial Skin Colour and Melanin Pigmentation in the Gingiva of Children in Primary, Mixed and Permanent Dentition: An Observational Study
Authors: Bane Pooja Vishwanath , Deshpande Anshula N , Dave Bhavna H , Bargale Seema S , Poonacha K S , Kariya Pratik B 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Physiologic oral pigmentation is a typical finding in paediatric dentistry. Gingival pigmentation has a wide range of occurrence rates depending on race, country and the influence of genetics. This study aims to determine the anatomic distribution of physiologic gingival melanin pigmentation and the relationship between skin colour and gingival melanin pigmentation intensity in children with primary, mixed and permanent dentition.

Materials and Methods:
Patient photographs of the skin of the face and intraoral soft tissues were taken in the standardised photographic conditions. Photographs were reproduced on a computer for assessment at a standardised point for skin and intraorally for interdental, marginal and attached gingivae. The intensity of melanin pigmentation of the skin of the face and marginal, interdental and attached gingiva was observed by calculating CIE*L*a*b* values on Adobe Photoshop in 2008 individuals.

Results:
The P value was kept significant at <0.05. The mean value of the difference in marginal and attached gingiva pigmentation was statistically significant between the primary and permanent dentition groups. The correlation was positive and low between age and pigmentation at the attached gingiva as the correlation coefficient. The correlation was positive and low between skin pigmentation and pigmentation at attached and marginal gingiva as the correlation coefficient.

Conclusions:
The intensity of the skin’s pigmentation can be used as a predictor of the pigmentation of gingivae. Of all the other areas of the gingiva, the intensity of pigmentation in the attached gingiva is the highest. As one age, the intensity of pigmentation at the attached gingiva also increases.
House dust mite allergy – Management
Authors: Kathuria P. C. , Rai Manisha 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:
Allergen vulnerability is highly individual specific. House dust mites (HDMs) are major sources of airborne allergens, found not only in houses but also detected in workplaces and most schools. The two most common HDM species from the Pyroglyphidae family, namely Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae are responsible for 90% of sensitization and allergic symptoms. Clinical conditions due to HDM allergen are rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma and/or atopic dermatitis (AD), and rare severe systemic reaction. Accurate diagnosis by skin prick test, specific immunoglobulin E (extract and component-based), or nasal provocation test with standardized HDM extract in contest with clinically relevant exposure to dust mites is fundamental for successful treatment. Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only treatment providing sustained efficacy for moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and AD. This review will mainly focus on the description of HDM allergens, immunology, efficacy, and HDM-AIT (subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy).
Correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with chronic spontaneous urticarial: A case–control study
Authors: Vaz Veril , Fernandes Michelle Serene , Martis Jacintha , Bhat M. Ramesh , Monteiro Rochelle Cheryl , Jayaraman Jyothi , Fernandes Sonal , Shetty Prajna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a persistent immune-inflammatory condition. The urticaria activity score 7 (UAS7) evaluates its disease activity. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is recognized as a dependable marker for inflammation in various conditions.

AIM:
The aim of the study was to examine the NLR in CSU patients and its association with the UAS7.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study included 60 patients diagnosed with CSU who visited the dermatology department and 60 healthy individuals for comparison. The patients were categorized based on the UAS7. NLR values were computed and compared between the case and control groups.

RESULTS:
The mean neutrophils level was higher in cases than in controls with no statistical significance (P = 0.2). The mean lymphocyte levels were higher in controls than in cases with no statistical significance (P = 0.591). Thus, the mean NLR was higher in cases than in controls (1.84 vs. 1.71), with no statistical significance (P = 0.283). There was no significant correlation established between the NLR and the severity of CSU (P = 0.912).

CONCLUSION:
The NLR serves as a practical, straightforward, and economical blood marker capable of identifying systemic inflammatory processes. This research did not establish that the ratio could function as an indicator of inflammation. Additional studies are imperative to confirm the existence of inflammation in CSU.
Evaluating allergic sensitization in pediatric patients: A cross-sectional multicentric analysis
Authors: Jayakrishnan V. Y. , Bhunia Rabindra , Balumani Sangeetha , Mohan R. Krishna , Saxena Neha , Kumar Anil 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES:
The study aims to outline the allergic sensitization patterns among pediatric patients presenting with allergic manifestations in the allergy clinics of three Indian Armed Forces hospitals one each from North, West, and South India. It seeks to identify the common allergens affecting children aged 1–14 years who exhibit symptoms of allergic conditions. In addition, it evaluates the clinical manifestations associated with various allergen exposures and aims to provide valuable insights for personalized management and preventive strategies in managing allergic diseases.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional study involving a detailed examination of children aged 1–14 years who presented with symptoms of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis (AR), asthma, eczema, and allergic conjunctivitis (AC). Skin prick tests were utilized to identify sensitization to common allergens including house dust mites (HDMs), pollens, spores, animal dander, and food allergens.

RESULTS:
The findings revealed that HDMs were the predominant allergens, followed by cockroach, mosquito, pollens, and animal dander. Clinical manifestations varied across different allergen exposures, with notable differences in the presentation of AR, asthma, eczema, and AC among the patients.

CONCLUSION:
This research underscores the importance of early diagnosis, targeted management, and preventive measures in mitigating the impact of allergies on children’s health. It highlights the necessity for healthcare providers in military settings to be aware of regional allergen patterns and adapt their clinical practices accordingly to improve patient outcomes.
Infarction of breast and infarction of phyllodes tumor during pregnancy – A case report and review of literature
Authors: Lanjewar Dhaneshwar N. , Davda Mansi M. , Garg Sameep , Agrawal Ranjan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
The breast can be affected by a variety of specific and unique disorders during pregnancy and lactation. One of these disorders is spontaneous infarction of the breast which is a rare condition seen in physiologically hyperplastic mammary tissue associated with pregnancy and lactation. The causes and mechanism of the development of breast infarct remain largely unknown. Only 25 cases of breast infarct have been reported in the English literature. Phyllodes tumor is uncommon in pregnant women, and to date, only one report of spontaneous infarction of the phyllodes tumor has been reported in a postpartum woman. In this report, we describe the first case of coexistent infarction of the hyperplastic breast parenchyma with infarction of phyllodes tumor in a 25-year-old female.
Distal Humerus Intercondylar Fracture in an 11-Year-Old Child: A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Navin Kumar , Pradhan Pavan , Kumar Surendra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
A pediatric distal humerus intercondylar fracture is an exceptionally rare injury. The objective of this study is to address management guidelines and provide data to the limited amount of prior literature works. Because pediatric distal humerus intercondylar fracture is uncommon in children and growth plate preservation is complicated, the best results depend on prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment. We report a case of an 11-year-old boy who suffered a right elbow injury due to falling from a tree. The radiographs showed a distal humerus intercondylar fracture and rotation of the lateral and medial columns. Using the posterior triceps sparing approach, open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) was carried out. K-wires have been used to fix the medial and lateral columns after reduction to the shaft. After that, two K-wires positioned transversely were used to fix the condyles to one another. For 4 weeks, the patient received the above elbow backslab. To avoid misdiagnosis, a proper radiograph should be taken, including oblique views. For best results, these fractures should be treated by ORIF using K-wires.
Factors influencing surgical site infections and health economic evaluation in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical resection for colorectal cancer
Authors: Liu Guangying , Ma Limei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:
To investigate the incidence and factors influencing surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients undergoing robot-assisted radical resection for colorectal cancer and assess their health and economic impact on the patients and hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective case-controlled study comprised patients who underwent robot-assisted radical resection for colorectal cancer at a tertiary hospital in China. Information about baseline characteristics, perioperative details, postoperative SSI incidence, hospitalization costs, and follow-up was collected. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent risk factors for SSI. Propensity score matching was used to evaluate the health and economic impacts of SSI on the patients and the hospital.

Results:
The overall incidence of colorectal SSI in 546 patients undergoing robot-assisted radical resection for colorectal cancer was 11.72% (64/546). Intraoperative blood loss, duration of operation, preoperative absolute lymphocyte count, preoperative and postoperative serum albumin levels, tumor location, gender, history of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, surgical wound classification, and preoperative hypoalbuminemia levels were associated with SSI. Rectal cancer, male gender, and class 3 or 4 surgical wounds were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative SSI. SSI prolonged the hospital stay by 6.60 days, increased the patient’s direct costs by 31,669.88 CNY, increased the economic burden by 3,262.38 CNY, and caused an indirect economic loss of 50,546.79 CNY for the hospital.

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing robot-assisted radical resection for colorectal cancer are at a high risk for SSI. SSI can prolong postoperative hospital stays and increase the economic burden for patients and hospitals.
Doctors’ knowledge, practices, challenges, and limitations regarding disclosure of bad news: A multicentre study from Pakistan
Authors: Usman Asma , Shah Sameena , Zaki Samar , Nanji Kashmira , Sawani Sobiya , Uneeb Saher Naseeb , Bari Naseem , Ullah Obaid , Abid Sumera 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Breaking bad news is one of the most difficult tasks for practicing doctors, especially for those working in health care specialties where life-threatening diseases are diagnosed and managed routinely. Our aim was to elicit the knowledge and practices of doctors and identify barriers faced by them in disclosure of bad news across the provinces of Pakistan.

Methods:
Cross-sectional, multi-centered study supported by an external grant in 15 Government and Private Hospitals across Pakistan. A total of 1185 doctors were surveyed. Responses were compared across provinces.

Results:
80% of doctors across all specialties considered life-threatening diagnoses like cancer and stroke as equivalent to bad news, whereas less than 50% perceived conditions like malaria and typhoid as bad news. Regarding the level of difficulty encountered in giving bad news on a scale of 0 to 6, over 57% doctors rated it 4 and above. The reasons identified were lack of confidentiality, lack of privacy, lack of time, lack of training, fear of patients’ and family reactions, not wanting to hurt the patient or causing more distress, concern of having failed the patient, and their own reactions among others.

Conclusions:
Technical proficiency, training, good patient-centered communication, and incorporating socio-cultural aspects are essential for effective disclosure of bad news.
Developmental delay and its associated factors among children of 9 months and of 18 months attending primary health facilities in an urban resettlement area of East Delhi
Authors: Verma Bhavana , Chhabra Pragti , Maroof Amir K. , Aggarwal Anju 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Early identification of developmental delay in children can help in making early intervention for its management. Routine developmental screening is not being practised in India due to lack of trained field workers, lack of awareness among parents and lack of feasible assessment screening tool. There is lack of studies that focuses on home environment provided to the children as it is associated with developmental delay.

Methods:
A cross sectional study was conducted in immunization clinic of two Maternal and Child Welfare (MCW) centres of Nand Nagari, an urban resettlement colony in East Delhi among children of 9 months and 18 months of age. New Delhi Development Status Questionnaire (ND-DSQ) was used for assessment of developmental status. Data on socio-demographic profile, home stimulation of the child and anthropometric measurements including weight, height was collected. Chi-square test was used for univariate analysis and binary logistic regression was used to find out the predictors of developmental delay.

Results:
The prevalence of DD was found to be 17.7% in children 9 m of age, and 10% in 18 m. On univariate analysis preterm gestation, low-birth weight of the child, lower mother’s education status and presence of complications at birth were significantly associated with developmental delay. The independent predictors of DD were presence of complications at birth, preterm gestation, lower mother’s education status and underweight children.

Conclusion:
This study reports a higher prevalence of DD. More follow up studies on DD is needed to see the course of achievement of developmental milestones. Screening for developmental milestones can be done during visit for immunization.
Distribution of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in CBNAAT samples received in a tertiary care hospital – A record-based study
Authors: Mondal Soumyya , Mandal Anwesha , Saha Sipra , Chakrabarty Partha Sarathi , Datta Piyali , Das Debalina 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) accounts for 85% of all reported tuberculosis cases globally. Extrapulmonary involvement can occur in isolation or along with a pulmonary focus as in the case of patients with disseminated tuberculosis (TB). EPTB can occur through hematogenous, lymphatic, or localized bacillary dissemination from a primary source, such as PTB and affects the brain, eye, mouth, tongue, lymph nodes of neck, spine, bones, muscles, skin, pleura, pericardium, gastrointestinal, peritoneum and the genitourinary system as primary and/or disseminated disease. Although pulmonary TB is the most common presentation, EPTB is also an important problem clinically. Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification (CBNAAT) test has a well-documented role in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis.

Aim:
To determine the distribution of EPTB in various samples received for CBNAAT testing in our Institution.

Methods:
In this retrospective cross-sectional study, data of suspected EPTB patients were retrieved and analyzed from January 2020 to December 2022.

Statistical Analysis:
All the statistical analyses were carried out using the Excel spreadsheet and Open-epi version 3.01 platform.

Results:
A total number of 1118(n) extrapulmonary samples were processed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. Out of the 1118 received samples, (22%) were positive. Among the 249 positive samples, 55% samples were received from the female patients and 45% samples received from the male patients. We found that most MTB positive samples were from this age group (i.e. 21-30). Most common sample received for processing was Lymph node aspirate accounting to 37% followed by pleural fluid (30%), pus (8%) and gastric lavage amounting for 4% along with other miscellaneous samples making up the others to 21%. Out of 249 MTB detected samples, 47% were from lymph node aspirate, 13% from pleural fluid, 12% from pus, 3% from gastric lavage and 25% from other samples. We noted that the majority of the positive cases were rifampicin sensitive (97.68%).

Conclusion:
Results of our study suggest that younger age (third decade of life) and female gender may be independent risk factors for EPTB. In developing countries, the prevalence of EPTB is relatively lower than PTB but still it is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Thus, early diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment are important for reducing the case load. Women especially should be investigated thoroughly for EPTB and BCG vaccination should be encouraged.
Association of anemia with poor housing quality among older Indian adults: Multilevel modeling analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional study in India
Authors: Halder Pritam , Tiwari Jaya , Rathor Shivani , Pal Saumyarup , Mamgai Anshul , Biswas Riya , Rajan Abin K , Soni Anamika , Prabhakar Manish Chandra 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Anemia is an important public health disorder. There is a significant chunk of India’s population residing in poor housing quality with inadequate sanitation and hygiene, which might lead to higher anemia prevalence. The objective was to determine the association between anemia with poor housing quality among the older Indian adult population (≥45 years) as per residence.

Methods:
This study analyzed the nationally representative dataset of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI 2017–18, Wave-1). Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were conducted to show the association of anemia (outcome variable) with poor housing quality (explanatory variable). Multivariable logistic regression was conducted by adjusting for covariates as per their models. P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. STATA version 17 was used for analysis.

Results:
Our study found that higher adjusted odds of having anemia among older Indian adults were observed among participants with overcrowding (AOR 1.30, 95%CI 1.19–1.42), having access to open/nonsanitary toilet facility (AOR 1.56, 95%CI 1.41–1.72), no electric supply (AOR 1.31, 95%CI 1.12–1.53), and overall poor housing quality (AOR 1.34, 95%CI 1.21–1.48). All of these associations were even higher in urban areas except for having access to open/nonsanitary toilet facilities, which was much higher in rural areas (AOR 1.61, 95%CI 1.45–1.79).

Conclusion:
Through a nationally representative large dataset, this study generated compelling evidence despite several obstacles indicating a positive association between anemia and poor housing quality among older Indian adults. It might raise awareness and assist individuals in steering clear of the negative effects of overcrowding, using open/nonsanitary toilet facilities, lack of electric supply, and overall housing quality on anemia status. It is advised to conduct additional research to determine temporality and causation.