bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meso‐Cenozoic Evolution of Earth Surface System under the East Asian Tectonic Superconvergence
Authors: DMITRIENKO Liudmila V. , WANG Pengcheng , LI Sanzhong , CAO Xianzhi , SOMERVILLE Ian , ZHOU Zaizheng , HU Mengying , SUO Yanhui , GUO Lingli , WANG Yongming , LI Xiyao , LIU Xin , YU Shengyao , ZHU Junjiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe East Asian geological setting has a long duration related to the superconvergence of the Paleo‐Asian, Tethyan and Paleo‐Pacific tectonic domains. The Triassic Indosinian Movement contributed to an unified passive continental margin in East Asia. The later ophiolites and I‐type granites associated with subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate in the Late Triassic, suggest a transition from passive to active continental margins. With the presence of the ongoing westward migration of the Paleo‐Pacific Subduction Zone, the sinistral transpressional stress field could play an important role in the intraplate deformation in East Asia during the Late Triassic to Middle Jurassic, being characterized by the transition from the E‐W‐trending structural system controlled by the Tethys and Paleo‐Asian oceans to the NE‐trending structural system caused by the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean subduction. The continuously westward migration of the subduction zones resulted in the transpressional stress field in East Asia marked by the emergence of the Eastern North China Plateau and the formation of the Andean‐type active continental margin from late Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (160‐135 Ma), accompanied by the development of a small amount of adakites. In the Late Cretaceous (135‐90 Ma), due to the eastward retreat of the Paleo‐Pacific Subduction Zone, the regional stress field was replaced from sinistral transpression to transtension. Since a large amount of late‐stage adakites and metamorphic core complexes developed, the Andean‐type active continental margin was destroyed and the Eastern North China Plateau started to collapse. In the Late Cretaceous, the extension in East Asia gradually decreased the eastward retreat of the Paleo‐Pacific subduction zones. Futhermore, a significant topographic inversion had taken place during the Cenozoic that resulted from a rapid uplift of the Tibet Plateau resulting from the India‐Eurasian collision and the formation of the Bohai Bay Basin and other basins in the East Asian continental margin. The inversion caused a remarkable eastward migration of deformation, basin formation and magmatism. Meanwhile, the basins that mainly developed in the Paleogene resulted in a three‐step topography which typically appears to drop eastward in altitude. In the Neogene, the basins underwent a rapid subsidence in some depressions after basin‐controlled faulting, as well as the intracontinental extensional events in East Asia, and are likely to be a contribution to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.
Can a disaster affect rheumatoid arthritis status? A retrospective cohort study after the 2011 triple disaster in Fukushima, Japan
Authors: Ochi Sae , Kato Shigeaki , Leppold Claire , Morita Tomohiro , Tsubokura Masaharu , Oikawa Tomoyoshi , Shineha Ryuzaburo , Kanazawa Yukio , Fujiwara Masatoshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectiveAs status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is highly affected by environmental factors, a catastrophic disaster may also affect RA activity. Herein we conducted a retrospective cohort study in the disaster area of the 2011 triple disaster in Fukushima, Japan: an earthquake, tsunamis and a nuclear accident.MethodsClinical records of RA patients who attended a hospital near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant were collected. For those who underwent whole‐body counter testing, internal radiation exposure levels were also collected. As clinical parameters may fluctuate in the absence of a disaster, changes in values before and after the disaster were also compared. Logistic regression was conducted to identify factors affecting RA status.ResultsFifty‐three patients (average age, 64.2 years; females, 83%; average disease duration, 15.7 years) were included in the study. Five patients lived within the no‐entry zone, 37 evacuated immediately after the disaster, and four temporarily stopped RA treatment. The proportions of patients who showed worsened tender joint counts, swollen joint counts and rheumatoid factor values were significantly higher after the disaster compared to those before. Among the 16 patients who underwent whole‐body counter testing, only one showed a detectable, but negligible, radioactive cesium level. Use of methotrexate was identified as a possible preventive factor for RA exacerbation in this setting.ConclusionThis is the first study to analyze detailed profiles of RA patients after a disaster. As methotrexate may prevent disease exacerbation, continuity of care for this common chronic disease should be considered in disaster settings.
Generating species assemblages for restoration and experimentation: A new method that can simultaneously converge on average trait values and maximize functional diversity
Authors: Laughlin Daniel C. , Chalmandrier Loïc , Joshi Chaitanya , Renton Michael , Dwyer John M. , Funk Jennifer L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Restoring resilient ecosystems in an era of rapid environmental change requires a flexible framework for selecting assemblages of species based on functional traits. However, current trait‐based models have been limited to algorithms that select species assemblages that only converge on specified average trait values, and could not accommodate the common desire among restoration ecologists to generate functionally diverse assemblages.

We have solved this problem by applying a nonlinear optimization algorithm to solve for the species relative abundances that maximize Rao's quadratic entropy (Q) subject to other linear constraints. Rao's Q is a closed‐form algebraic expression of functional diversity that is maximized when the most abundant species are functionally dissimilar.

Previous models have maximized species evenness subject to the linear constraints by maximizing the entropy function (H’). Maximizing Q alone produces an undesirable species abundance distribution because species that exhibit extreme trait values have the highest abundances. We demonstrate that the maximization of an objective function that additively combines Q and H’ produces a more even relative abundance distribution across the trait dimension.

Some ecological restoration projects aim to restore communities that converge on one set of traits while diverging across another. The selectSpecies r function can derive assemblages for any size species pool that maximizes the diversity of any set of traits, while simultaneously converging on average values of any other set of traits. We demonstrate how the function works through examples using uniformly spaced trait distributions and data with a known structure. We also demonstrate the utility of the function using real trait data collected on dozens of species from three separate ecosystems: serpentine grasslands, ponderosa pine forests, and subtropical rainforests.

The quantitative selection of species based on their functional traits for ecological restoration and experimentation must be both rigorous and accessible to practitioners. The selectSpecies function provides ecologists with an easy‐to‐use open‐source solution to objectively derive species assemblages based on their functional traits.
Interpolation to define clinical tumor stage in prostate cancer using clinical description of digital rectal examination
Authors: Evans Sue M. , Murphy Declan G. , Davis Ian D. , Sengupta Shomik , Borzeshi Ehsan Zare , Sampurno Fanny , Millar Jeremy L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThis study aims to assess characteristics of patients with prostate cancer for whom clinical T stage category (cT) was not documented in the medical record and assess whether specialists had concordant conclusions regarding cT based on digital rectal examination (DRE) notes.MethodsData from the Prostate Cancer Outcome Registry – Victoria (PCOR‐Vic) were interrogated. Four specialists independently assigned cT to DRE notes. Words, or part thereof, associated with agreement between clinicians were identified.ResultsOf the 10 587 men, cT was documented in 8758 (82.7%) cases. Multivariate analysis indicated that poor cT documentation was associated with older patient age (odds ratio [OR] 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.66–0.99 if 75.1–85 years; OR 0.50, 95%CI 0.36–0.72 if >85 years); diagnosis via transperineal compared to transrectal ultrasound‐guided biopsy (TRUS) (OR 0.68, 95%CI 0.51–0.91); diagnosed in a private hospital (OR 0.85, 95%CI 0.75–0.96); and a diagnostic Gleason score of >8 compared to ≤6 (OR 0.59, 95%CI = 0.48–0.73). cT was more likely documented in men diagnosed via transurethral resection of prostate (OR 2.06, 95%CI 1.64–2.58) compared to TRUS and/or if receiving treatment in a radiotherapy center (OR 3.44, 95%CI 2.80–4.23 for external beam radiotherapy; OR 3.57 95%CI 2.44–5.23 for brachytherapy and OR 1.34, 95%CI 1.06–1.69 for combination surgery and radiotherapy) compared to those undergoing radical prostatectomy. Agreement in cT assignment ranged from kappa of 0.158 to 0.582. Stem word components in DRE notes associated with poorest level of agreement were “abnorm,” “hard,” “nodul” and those with highest level of agreement were terms “benign” and “smooth.”ConclusionsMode of diagnosis/subsequent treatment, and cancer characteristics were associated with cT documentation. Third party interpretation of clinical notes is problematic.
Why we miss fetal growth restriction: Identification of risk factors for severely growth‐restricted fetuses remaining undelivered by 40 weeks gestation
Authors: Diksha Prerna , Permezel Michael , Pritchard Natasha 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundSevere fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a leading cause of adverse perinatal morbidity and mortality; however, in Victoria, 35% of severely growth‐restricted infants are undelivered by 40 weeks gestation.AimsWe aimed to identify factors associated with failure to deliver severely growth‐restricted fetuses by 40 weeks gestation.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case‐control study of term singletons born <3rd centile for gestation at a single tertiary centre (2010–2017). Infants with a planned delivery for FGR between 37.0–39.6 weeks gestation (‘planned birth’ group; n = 187) were compared with those undelivered by 40.0 weeks (‘undelivered’ group; n = 233). Variables assessed included the presence of risk factors for FGR, model of care, symphyseal‐fundal height measurements and third trimester ultrasounds.ResultsAn equivalent proportion of women were ‘high‐risk’ for FGR on history (31.3% vs 38.0%, P = 0.187) in the planned and undelivered groups. Women booked under low‐risk models (shared care and midwifery‐led care) were significantly more likely to be in the undelivered group compared to those booked under traditional collaborative models (79.8% vs 37.4%, P < 0.001). Women in the undelivered group were less likely to have received a third trimester ultrasound (93.0% vs 40.3%, P < 0.001); however, they were more likely to have had a reassuring ultrasound with an estimation of fetal weight or abdominal circumference >10th centile (78.7% vs 16.1%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsFailure to deliver the severely growth‐restricted fetus before 40.0 weeks is more likely to occur in the following situations: (i) failure to receive an indicated third trimester ultrasound; (ii) the presence of falsely reassuring third trimester ultrasound scan; and (iii) booking under a low‐risk rather than traditional collaborative models of care.
Microscopic positive margins in papillary thyroid cancer do not impact disease recurrence
Authors: Abraham Earl , Tran Bryan , Roshan David , Graham Susannah , Lehane Christopher , Wykes James , Campbell Peter , Ebrahimi Ardalan 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundThe prognostic significance of microscopic positive margins in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine if microscopic positive margins are associated with increased risk of disease recurrence.MethodsThis is a retrospective analysis of 610 patients with PTC using multivariate Cox regression to evaluate the association between microscopic positive margins and disease‐free survival.ResultsMicroscopic positive margins were found in 67 (11%) patients and associated with extrathyroidal extension (P < 0.001), multifocality (P < 0.001), nodal metastases (P < 0.001), lymphovascular invasion (P < 0.001), age ≥55 years (P = 0.048), administration of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy (P = 0.001) and a trend towards larger tumour size (18 versus 15 mm; P = 0.074). After a median follow‐up of 3.4 years, there were 83 recurrences. Although involved margins were associated with increased risk of recurrence on univariate analysis (hazard ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 1.5–4.6; P = 0.001), there was no association after adjusting for age, nodal metastases, tumour size and extrathyroidal extension on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 0.8–2.9; P = 0.242). Similar results were obtained after adjusting for RAI and if margins were analysed as focal versus widely positive. In our study cohort, patients with involved margins generally had other indications for RAI. However, in the nine patients who did not receive RAI, there was no recurrence in the thyroid bed.ConclusionDespite a strong association between microscopic positive margins and other adverse prognostic factors in PTC, there is no independent association with disease recurrence on multivariate analysis. Microscopic positive margins are rare (1.1%) in the absence of other indications for RAI.
Method of pedicle division during laparoscopic right hemicolectomy affects lymph node yield and short‐term outcomes
Authors: Pal Atanu , Stearns Adam T. , Kapur Sandeep , Speakman Christopher T. M. , Wharton Richard Q. , Shaikh Irshad , Hernon James M. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundSeveral ways of performing laparoscopic right hemicolectomy (RHC) have evolved. The vascular pedicle can be divided into extracorporeal (RHC‐EC) or intracorporeal (RHC‐IC). It is not known whether vessel ligation during RHC‐EC is as central as during RHC‐IC. We compare these approaches in terms of pathological and short‐term clinical outcomes.MethodsPatients undergoing elective laparoscopic RHC in a single centre (July 2013–September 2016) were identified. Data collection included operative details, length of stay, complications, specimen parameters including number and involvement of lymph nodes and recurrence.ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐nine patients were included (94 RHC‐IC, 75 RHC‐EC). For caecal and ascending colon cancers, mesocolic width was greater after RHC‐IC than RHC‐EC (7.9 cm versus 6.6 cm, P < 0.05), as was lymph node yield (19.5 versus 17.3, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in length of colon resected, distal resection margin, number of positive nodes, proportion of node‐positive tumours and R1 rate. Operative duration was higher for RHC‐IC (163 min versus 91 min, P < 0.001), as was incidence of ileus (35% versus 15%, P < 0.05). Length of stay also tended to be higher (7.4 days versus 6.0 days, P = 0.19). There was no difference in disease recurrence (follow‐up 12 months). Body mass index was positively correlated with lymph node yield for RHC‐EC, but not for RHC‐IC.ConclusionLymph node yield after laparoscopic RHC is adequate, whether the vascular pedicle is taken intracorporeal or extracorporeal, supporting the use of both approaches. RHC‐IC yields more lymph nodes and greater mesocolic width, but involves a longer operation and higher incidence of ileus.
Rethinking the flipped learning pre‐class: Its influence on the success of flipped learning and related factors
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Choi Hyoseon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFlipped learning (FL) has had a substantial impact on higher education worldwide, prompting active dialog among educational researchers and practitioners. It is widely accepted that the value of FL lies in enabling in‐depth, learner‐centered learning experiences by offloading content delivery onto pre‐class online learning. The in‐class component is thus generally considered more critical, even though both pre‐class and in‐class elements are indispensable components of FL and practitioners are faced with the issue of under‐prepared learners. In this study, we examine the significance of pre‐class learning as a gateway to the intended benefits of FL. We aim to investigate the extent to which FL pre‐class learning influences overall FL success and what other factors affect FL pre‐class learning to ascertain the implications of designing and implementing FL pre‐class learning. A college life science course was designed and implemented with the FL model for a semester, from which data were collected and statistically analyzed. The results indicate that the influence of pre‐class learning on final FL success is significant and strong. Regarding the modality of pre‐class learning materials, learners demonstrated higher levels of performance in the weeks with video materials than during those with reading materials. Among several learner factors, self‐direction was found to significantly influence pre‐class learning performance and perceived learning readiness. The role of FL pre‐class learning to attain the intended value of FL is discussed, and theoretical and practical design implications are suggested.
Loneliness in Adolescence: Insights From Cacioppo's Evolutionary Model
Authors: Goossens Luc 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAdolescents are often thought to be lonely because they distance themselves from their parents and are not fully integrated into the social world of their peers. Cacioppo's evolutionary model of loneliness, which has been applied primarily to adults, offers a complementary perspective. This model explains not only how feelings of loneliness emerge, but also how they are maintained. It also explains how loneliness can affect physiological functioning and health, and can spur changes in how people process information in the brain, as well as how genetic factors can affect loneliness. In this article, I use recent research to illustrate how the model sheds new light on loneliness in adolescence. I also suggest a comprehensive model of adolescent loneliness that combines key aspects of Cacioppo's evolutionary model with elements of other models.
Teaching and Learning Spelling
Authors: Treiman Rebecca 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLearning to spell is important for writing and reading, but how spelling should be taught is a controversial topic. Although children learn about spelling to some extent as they encounter words while reading, this is not usually enough to make them good spellers. Children need systematic spelling instruction to learn how the writing system works and not just memorize how words are spelled. Phonics instruction is more effective than some other instructional approaches, but teaching phonics presents a simplified and in some ways inaccurate picture of English and some other writing systems. Studying words and the patterns they follow is more effective. To use such methods well, teachers need more opportunities to learn about writing systems and the development of spelling.
Oral immunotherapy with omalizumab reverses the Th2 cell‐like programme of regulatory T cells and restores their function
Authors: Abdel‐Gadir A. , Schneider L. , Casini A. , Charbonnier L.‐M. , Little S. V. , Harrington T. , Umetsu D. T. , Rachid R. , Chatila T. A. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundOral immunotherapy (OIT) successfully desensitizes patients with food allergies, but the immune mechanisms mediating its efficacy remain obscure.ObjectivesWe tested the hypothesis that allergen‐specific regulatory T (Treg) cell function is impaired in food allergy and is restored by anti‐IgE antibody (omalizumab)‐supplemented OIT.MethodsPeanut‐specific T effector (Teff) and Treg cell proliferative responses, activation markers and cytokine expression were analysed by flow cytometry in 13 peanut‐allergic subjects before the start of omalizumab‐supplemented OIT and periodically in some subjects thereafter for up to 2 years. Peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Treg cells) were analysed for their peanut‐specific suppressor function before and at 1 year following OIT. This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01290913).ResultsProliferation of allergen‐specific Teff and Treg cells precipitously declined following the initiation of omalizumab therapy prior to OIT, followed by partial recovery after the initiation of OIT. At baseline, peanut‐specific Treg cells exhibited a Th2 cell‐like phenotype, characterized by increased IL‐4 expression, which progressively reversed upon OIT. Peanut‐specific Treg cell suppressor activity was absent at the start of omalizumab/OIT therapy but became robust following OIT. Absent peanut‐specific Treg cell function could also be recovered by the acute blockade of IL‐4/IL‐4R receptor signalling in Treg cells, which inhibited their IL‐4 production.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceOIT supplemented by omalizumab promotes allergen desensitization through an initial omalizumab‐dependent step that acutely depletes allergen‐reactive T cells, followed by an increase in allergen‐specific Treg cell activity due to the reversal of their Th2 cell‐like programme. Improved Treg cell function may be a key mechanism by which OIT ameliorates food allergy.
Lysophosphatidylserine receptor P2Y10: A G protein‐coupled receptor that mediates eosinophil degranulation
Authors: Hwang S. M. , Kim H. J. , Kim S. M. , Jung Y. , Park S. W. , Chung I. Y. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundP2Y10, along with GPR34 and GPR174, is a G protein‐coupled receptor that is activated by an endogenous lipid mediator lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS). Its expression pattern and its function are completely unknown. We have previously shown that P2Y10 is one of the highly up‐regulated genes at the late differentiation stage during in vitro eosinophilopoiesis.ObjectiveWe explored the expression and functions of P2Y10 in human cord blood (CB)‐derived and peripheral blood (PB) eosinophils.MethodsReal‐time PCR, FACS, Western blot, ELISA, and chemotaxis assays were performed to determine the expression and function of P2Y10.ResultsAs CB cells differentiated towards eosinophils, P2Y10 mRNA and protein were abundantly expressed. P2Y10 was the most highly expressed in the granulocytes from PB, to a lesser extent in monocytes, and least in lymphocytes. Further fractionation of granulocytes revealed that eosinophils express P2Y10 much more strongly than do neutrophils. PB eosinophils solely expressed P2Y10 among the three LysoPS receptors, while PB neutrophils expressed the three at comparable levels. LysoPS activated both CB and PB eosinophils to induce a robust ERK phosphorylation. Importantly, LysoPS was capable of triggering degranulation of ECP in PB eosinophils. This response was significantly reduced by pharmacological inhibitors of TNF‐alpha‐converting enzyme (TACE), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and ERK1/2, which were known to be required in P2Y10‐mediated signalling pathways. However, LysoPS had no effect on chemotaxis, differentiation, or eosinophil survival.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceLysoPS provokes eosinophil degranulation through P2Y10. Therefore, P2Y10 is a potential therapeutic target to control eosinophil‐associated diseases.