bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimates of tidal‐marsh bird densities using Bayesian networks
Authors: Wiest Whitney A. , Correll Maureen D. , Marcot Bruce G. , Olsen Brian J. , Elphick Chris S. , Hodgman Thomas P. , Guntenspergen Glenn R. , Shriver W. Gregory 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTConserving tidal‐marsh bird communities requires strategies to address continuing pressures from human development to the effects of increasing rates of sea‐level rise. Knowing tidal‐marsh bird distributions and population sizes are important for developing these strategies. In the Northeast United States, where estimates of sea‐level rise are 3 times higher than the global average, 5 bird species are tidal‐marsh specialists: clapper rail (Rallus crepitans), willet (Tringa semipalmata), Nelson's sparrow (Ammospiza nelsoni), saltmarsh sparrow (A. caudacuta), and seaside sparrow (A. maritima). We used a regional marsh bird survey to develop Bayesian network models to identify factors that influence patch‐scale species density and to estimate regional population sizes. We modeled species density as a function of habitat covariates at the patch, local, landscape, and regional spatial scales. Densities were most sensitive to patch location and dimension, patch geomorphic setting, indices of human development, and changes in mean sea level. We estimated 110,000 clapper rails (95% CI = 61,000–159,000), 111,000 willets (95% CI = 70,000–152,000), 7,000 Nelson's sparrows (95% CI = 4,000–10,000), 60,000 saltmarsh sparrows (95% CI = 40,000–80,000), and 234,000 seaside sparrows (95% CI = 112,000–356,000) from the United States–Canada border to, and including, the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia, USA. Our abundance estimates can be used to identify priority conservation areas at multiple geographic scales and our models help identify key habitat and landscape components for tidal‐marsh restoration and management to benefit tidal‐marsh birds and can be modified for other species. © 2018 The Wildlife Society.
Diagnosis of vocal cord leukoplakia: The role of a novel narrow band imaging endoscopic classification
Authors: Ni Xiao‐Guang , Zhu Ji‐Qing , Zhang Qing‐Qing , Zhang Bao‐Gen , Wang Gui‐Qi 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to introduce a new narrow band imaging (NBI) endoscopic classification for the diagnosis of vocal cord leukoplakia.Study DesignCase series.MethodsFrom January 2010 to February 2018, a total of 120 cases of vocal cord leukoplakia were enrolled in this study. The NBI endoscopic system was used to examine the vocal cords. Each lesion was observed by NBI endoscopy and evaluated according to the detailed morphologic findings of intraepithelial papillary capillary loop (IPCL). The superficial IPCL patterns were classified into six types (types I–VI). The differential diagnosis abilities of NBI classification for benign and malignant leukoplakia were investigated.ResultsOut of the 120 cases of vocal cord leukoplakia, 81% (97 of 120) related to benign lesions (including inflammation, epithelial proliferation, hyperkeratosis, dyskeratosis, mild dysplasia, and moderate dysplasia); the remaining 19% (23 of 120) consisted of malignant lesions (including severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, and invasive carcinoma). The accuracy of differential diagnosis for vocal cord leukoplakia using NBI endoscopy was up to 90.8% (109 of 120), significantly higher than that of white light imaging (70.0%, 84 of 120) (χ2 = 16.536, P =  0.000). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the diagnosis for malignant vocal cord leukoplakia under the NBI endoscope were 82.6%, 92.8%, 73.1%, and 95.7%, respectively. There is relatively good consistency between the NBI endoscopic diagnosis and pathological diagnosis (kappa = 0.718, P = 0.000).ConclusionThe new NBI endoscopic classification of vocal cord leukoplakia can improve the accuracy of distinguishing benign and malignant leukoplakia.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 129:429–434, 2019
Do demographic disparities exist in the diagnosis and surgical management of otitis media?
Authors: Chang Janice Erica , Shapiro Nina Lisbeth , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveDetermine if demographic disparities exist between the diagnosis of otitis media (OM) and the provision of myringotomy and tubes in children.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a national database.MethodsThe National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey 2010 and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey–Ambulatory Surgery 2010 were abstracted for cases with a diagnosis of OM and myringotomy and tube (MT) procedures in children, respectively. Sex, race, ethnic, and insurance distributions were computed for OM and MT and then compared for healthcare disparities between rates of OM diagnoses and MT procedures.ResultsA total of 13.6 million ambulatory pediatric OM diagnoses were identified in 2010 (55.9% male; 82.4% white, 11.3% black, and 6.3% other; 14.3% Hispanic, 85.7% non‐Hispanic). A total of 413 thousand ambulatory myringotomy procedures were identified (59.6% male; 86.0% white, 11.0% black, and 3.0% other; 13.0% Hispanic, 87.0% non‐Hispanic). There was no statistically significant difference in the provision of MT versus OM diagnosis according to sex (P = 0.400), race (P = 0.313), or ethnicity (P = 0.228). There was also no statistically significant difference in the percentage of Medicaid coverage for OM children (37.0%) versus those undergoing MT (31.1%; P = 0.376). There does, however, appear to be a statistically higher percentage of non‐Hispanic children being diagnosed with otitis media than Hispanic children (P = 0.049).ConclusionThere were no significant demographic differences in the incidence of children with OM undergoing MT with respect to sex, race, ethnicity, or insurance status. As a specialty, otolaryngology does not appear to exhibit any disparate healthcare access bias in providing MT to children with OM.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 128:2898–2901, 2018
Continuous‐cropping tobacco caused variance of chemical properties and structure of bacterial network in soils
Authors: Chen Shu , Qi Gaofu , Luo Tian , Zhang Hongchun , Jiang Qiankun , Wang Rui , Zhao Xiuyun 
Published: September 2018

AbstractContinuous cropping of the same crop leads to land degradation. This is also called the continuous‐cropping obstacle. Here, we investigated how long‐term continuous cropping of tobacco influences soil biochemical properties and bacterial networks in the mountain lands of China. Two different fields were sampled: one with 25 years of continuous cropping tobacco and one with noncontinuous cropping tobacco. Soil chemical and biological properties were measured including available phosphorus and potassium, soil organic matter, pH, alkali‐hydrolysable nitrogen, micronutrients contents, and activity of urease, catalase, invertase, and phosphatase as well as tobacco agronomic characteristics. Bacterial communities of the two different soils were sequenced by metabarcoding of the 16S ribosomal RNA, and, with these data, network analysis was done. Soil chemical properties and tobacco agronomical properties were negatively affected by the continuous‐cropping obstacle, and this treatment has a less complex network (less modules, nodes, and connectivity) than the soil with noncontinuous cropping treatment. For continuous cropping, there were less generalists, which were key species that connect network, than noncontinuous cropping. Moreover, the taxonomic composition of bacterial network was different in the two different treatments. In the continuous‐cropping network, 40% nodes had negative interactions, suggesting that more competition or antagonism existed among bacterial species. It concluded that continuous cropping has a detrimental effect on soil chemical and that the bacterial network properties under continuous cropping are more sensitive to soil variables (so more unstable and inefficient) because there are less bacterial species that interact each other and this is due to limited nutrients or excessive toxic nutrient.
Post‐little ice age paraglacial processes and landforms in the high Iberian mountains: A review
Authors: Serrano Enrique , Oliva Marc , González‐García María , López‐Moreno Juan Ignacio , González‐Trueba Juan , Martín‐Moreno Raúl , Gómez‐Lende Manuel , Martín‐Díaz Jordi , Nofre Jordi , Palma Pedro 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThree Iberian mountain ranges encompassed glaciers during the Little Ice Age (LIA): the Pyrenees, Cantabrian Mountains, and Sierra Nevada. The gradual warming trend initiated during the second half of the 19th century promoted the progressive shrinking of these glaciers, which completely melted during the first half of the 20th century in the Cantabrian mountains and Sierra Nevada and reduced by 80% of their LIA extent in the Pyrenees. In these formerly glaciated environments, the transition between glacial and periglacial conditions results in an accelerated paraglacial readjustment, with very active geomorphic processes. Cirque walls generate a large amount of sediments through rock‐falls and slides. LIA moraines, devoid of vegetation and composed of highly unstable sediments, are being intensely mobilized by slope processes. Inside the moraines, the shrinking of LIA glaciers favoured the development of buried ice patches, with permafrost‐related landforms, small periglacial features generated by solifluction, and cryoturbation processes and remarkable hydrological changes. Present‐day morphodynamics is mostly related to seasonal frost, though patches of permafrost have formed in contact with the buried ice, undergoing a process of degradation because it is not balanced with present‐day climate. This is reflected in the occurrence of multiple collapses and subsidence of the debris cover where the frozen bodies sit. Next to the small glaciated environments in the highest Pyrenean massifs, there is a permafrost belt undergoing also rapid geomorphic changes. Based on the observed processes, we discuss spatio‐temporal patterns of paraglacial readjustment in Iberian mountains and compare it with other midlatitude mountain environments.
Optically based quantification of fluxes of mercury, methyl mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) at Berry's Creek tidal estuary, New Jersey
Authors: Chang G. , Martin T. , Whitehead K. , Jones C. , Spada F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBerry's Creek is an urban tidal estuary of the Hackensack River (New Jersey, U.S.A.), with over 10 km of waterways and over 3 km2 of tidal marsh. More than a century of industrial activity has resulted in elevated contaminant concentrations in sediment, water, and biota. Mercury, methyl mercury, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been identified as the primary chemicals of concern (COCs) due to their persistence and bioaccumulation potential in aquatic and nearshore wildlife. As part of a multi‐phased remedial investigation program, OPTically‐based In‐situ Characterization System (OPTICS) field studies were conducted in Berry's Creek to characterize water column contaminant dynamics, specifically to (1) improve understanding of the interrelationship(s) between surface sediment and water column contaminants and (2) quantify the transport of water column COCs between waterways and marshes. Results from OPTICS monitoring indicated that particulate resuspension from the upper 5 mm of the sediment bed during flood and ebb tides and storm flows is the primary process by which COCs are exchanged from bedded sediment to the water column. Analysis of mass exchange of COCs indicated that COCs associated with resuspended particulates are transported from the waterways to the marshes, where they are retained. Dissolved COC exchange from marshes to the waterways was minor (less than 8% of total COC mass in water). Overall, marshes were observed to be net sinks for COCs.
Comparable functional motor outcomes after repair of peripheral nerve injury with an elastase‐processed allograft in a rat sciatic nerve model
Authors: Hundepool Caroline A. , Bulstra Liselotte F. , Kotsougiani Dimitra , Friedrich Patricia F. , Hovius Steven E.R. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundA bridging nerve autograft is the gold standard for the repair of segmental nerve injury that cannot be repaired directly. However, limited availability and donor site morbidity remain major disadvantages of autografts. Here, a nerve allograft decellularized with elastase was compared with an autograft regarding functional motor outcome in a rat sciatic segmental nerve defect model. Furthermore, the effect of storage on this allograft was studied.MethodsSixty‐six Lewis rats (250–300 g) underwent a 10‐mm sciatic nerve reconstruction using either a cold‐ (n = 22) or frozen‐stored (n = 22) decellularized nerve allograft or an autograft (n = 22). Sprague–Dawley rats (300–350 g) served as full major histocompatibility complex‐mismatched donors. Functional motor outcome was evaluated after 12 and 16 weeks. Ankle angle, compound muscle action potential (CMAP), isometric tetanic force, wet muscle weight, and histomorphometry were tested bilaterally.ResultsFor CMAP and isometric tetanic force, no significant differences were observed between groups. In contrast, for ankle angle, histomorphometry and muscle weight, the cold‐stored allograft performed comparable to the autograft, while the frozen‐stored allograft performed significantly inferior to the autograft. At week 16, ankle angle was 88.0 ± 3.1% in the cold‐stored group, 77.4 ± 3.6% in the frozen‐stored group, and 74.1 ± 3.1% in the autograft group (P < .001); At week 16, the muscle weight showed a recovery up to 71.1 ± 4.8% in the autograft group, 67.0 ± 6.6% in the cold‐stored group, and 64.7 ± 3.7% in the frozen‐stored group (P < .05).ConclusionsA nerve allograft decellularized with elastase, if stored under the right conditions, results in comparable functional motor outcomes as the gold standard, the autograft.
Hand‐wrist, knee, and foot‐ankle dosimetry and image quality measurements of a novel extremity imaging unit providing CBCT and 2D imaging options
Authors: Ludlow John B. 
Published: September 2018

PurposeRadiation dose is a general concern in diagnostic imaging and a special concern for children who are at greater risk from radiation effects. This study evaluates effective doses (E) produced during 2D and volume imaging with a novel cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) based extremity imaging device. The device's compact size and protocol options offer image choices that enhance the potential for reduced dose and improved diagnostics when evaluating sports injuries.MethodsHand‐wrist, foot‐ankle, and knee phantoms were developed for use with optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSL). Dosimetry of transmission radiographs (2D) and CBCT volumes (3D) was assessed for Standard and lowered dose (Lite) exposure protocols. Effective dose was calculated for child and adult age groups. Image quality was assessed with contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and modulation transfer function (MTF). A figure of merit was calculated as the square of CNR divided by E.ResultsStandard 2D doses ranged from 0.001–0.06 μSv for adults, 0.001–0.05 μSv for 15‐yr olds, 0.003–0.13 μSv for 10‐yr olds, and 0.005–0.20 for 5‐yr olds. Dose reductions with Lite protocols ranged from 26 to 51%. Standard CBCT doses ranged from 0.3–4.6 μSv for adults, 0.3–4.4 μSv for 15‐yr olds, 0.6–9.8 μSv for 10‐yr olds, and 1–22.6 μSv for 5‐yr olds. For both 2D and 3D a trend of increasing imaging dose with reduced age was present and was statistically significant for children below the age of 10 (P = 0.0009). Lite dose reductions averaged 47%. CNR was statistically reduced in Lite dose scans (P = 0.0384) but was not statistically different using FOM analysis (P = 0.3089). MTF was not significantly affected by the two dose protocols (P = 0.8104).ConclusionCBCT effective doses calculated from anthropomorphic phantom exposures following manufacturer suggested protocols appear to be substantially less than previously reported doses for similar MDCT extremity examinations. In this study, effective dose from 2D radiographic imaging was approximately two orders of magnitude less than CBCT imaging. Doses were on the order of a few minutes to hours of ubiquitous per‐capita background dose for 2D imaging and a few hours to days for 3D imaging. Dose significantly increased for children younger than age 10. Lite protocols resulted in substantial dose reductions and can be recommended for children and those examinations where reduced CNR will not affect diagnosis. Flexibility of 2D and 3D imaging options with low‐dose protocols make this technology a promising option for radiographic evaluation of the extremities. Efficacy studies are needed to determine when MDCT, CBCT or Digital Radiography are best used for particular diagnostic tasks.
Optimal repetition time reduction for single subject event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: McDowell Amy R. , Carmichael David W 
Published: September 2018

PurposeShort TRs are increasingly used for fMRI as fast sequences such as simultaneous multislice excitation become available. These have been associated with apparent sensitivity improvements, although greater temporal autocorrelation at shorter TRs can inflate sensitivity measurements leading to uncertainty regarding the optimal approach.MethodsIn volunteers (n = 10), the optimal TR was assessed at the single subject level for event‐related designs (visual stimulation) with 4 frequencies of presentation at 4 TR values (412‐2550 ms). T‐values in the visual cortex localized in each individual were obtained and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed by counting voxels within and outside expected task active regions at different thresholds. This analysis was repeated using 4 different autoregressive (AR) models; SPM AR(1) and SPM AR(fast) which globally estimate autocorrelation, and fMRIstat AR(1) and AR(5) that use a local estimate.ResultsThe use of modest multiband factors of 2 or 3 with a reduction in TR to 1000 ± 200 ms had greater sensitivity and specificity as shown by higher T‐values in visual cortex and ROC analysis. At these TRs, the ROC analysis demonstrated that a local AR model fit improved performance while high order AR models were unnecessary.ConclusionsModest TR reductions (to 1000 ± 200 ms) optimally improved event‐related fMRI performance independent of design frequency. Autoregressive models with a local as opposed to global fit performed better, while low order autoregressive models were sufficient at the optimal TR.
The remarkable phenotypic variability of the p.Arg269HiS variant in the TRPV4 gene
Authors: Jędrzejowska Maria , Dębek Emilia , Kowalczyk Bartłomiej , Halat Paulina , Kostera‐Pruszczyk Anna , Ciara Elżbieta , Jezela‐Stanek Aleksandra , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Gasperowicz Piotr , Gos Monika 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Mutations in the TRPV4 gene are associated with neuromuscular disorders and skeletal dysplasias, which present a phenotypic overlap. Methods: Next‐generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to analyze the TRPV4 gene. Results: We present 2 Polish families with TRPV4‐related disorder harboring the same p.Arg269His mutation. The disease phenotypic expression was extremely variable (from mild scapular winging to severe hypotonia, global weakness, inability to walk unaided, congenital contractures, scoliosis, and respiratory insufficiency), but did not suggest anticipation. The 2 most severely affected patients showed congenital distal contractures of the upper limbs and involvement of cranial nerves (manifesting as facial asymmetry and strabismus). The disease course seemed to be stable, although in later stages it caused respiratory insufficiency and progression of physical disability. Discussion: The phenotypic variability observed in p.Arg269His carriers suggests that an additional modifier or a more complex pathogenic mechanism exists. Muscle Nerve 59:129–133, 2019
Conservative Taylor least squares reconstruction with application to material point methods
Authors: Wobbes Elizaveta , Möller Matthias , Galavi Vahid , Vuik Cornelis 
Published: September 2018

SummaryWithin the standard material point method (MPM), the spatial errors are partially caused by the direct mapping of material‐point data to the background grid. In order to reduce these errors, we introduced a novel technique that combines the least squares method with the Taylor basis functions, called the Taylor least squares (TLS), to reconstruct functions from scattered data while preserving their integrals. The TLS technique locally approximates quantities of interest such as stress and density, and when used with a suitable quadrature rule, it conserves the total mass and linear momentum after transferring the material‐point information to the grid. The integration of the technique into MPM, dual domain MPM, and B‐spline MPM significantly improves the results of these methods. For the considered examples, the TLS function reconstruction technique resembles the approximation properties of highly accurate spline reconstruction while preserving the physical properties of the standard algorithm.
Exploration of High‐Energy‐Density Materials: Computational Insight into Energetic Derivatives Based on 1,2,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine
Authors: Jin Xinghui , Zhou Jianhua , Hu Bingcheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDensity functional theory was employed to investigate ten 1,2,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐based energetic materials. The heats of formation and detonation properties were calculated by isodesmic reactions and Kamlet–Jacobs equations. The thermal stabilities and impact sensitivities were also estimated to give a better understanding of their decomposition mechanism. The results indicate that all of the designed compounds have high positive heats of formation ranging from 525.1 to 1639.1 kJ mol−1, moderate detonation properties (heats of detonation of 536.6 to 2187.6 cal g−1, theoretical densities of 1.48 to 2.32 g cm−3, detonation velocities of 7.02 to 12.18 km s−1, and detonation pressures of 19.8 to 75.1 GPa), and acceptable stabilities (bond dissociation energies of 0.8 to 104.9 kJ mol−1). Taking both the detonation properties and the stabilities into consideration, compounds A4 and B4 were finally selected as promising candidates of high‐energy‐density materials, as their detonation properties and impact sensitivities were superior to those of HMX. Additionally, the frontier molecular orbitals, electronic densities, electrostatic potentials, and thermal dynamic parameters of compounds A4 and B4 were also investigated.