bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle acceleration in a nearby galaxy cluster pair: the role of cluster dynamics
Authors: Botteon A. , Cassano R. , Eckert D. , Brunetti G. , Dallacasa D. , Shimwell T. W. , van Weeren R. J. , Gastaldello F. , Bonafede A. , Brüggen M. , Bîrzan L. , Clavico S. , Cuciti V. , de Gasperin F. , De Grandi S. , Ettori S. , Ghizzardi S. , Rossetti M. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Sereno M. 
Published: August 2019

Context. Diffuse radio emission associated with the intracluster medium (ICM) is observed in a number of merging galaxy clusters. It is currently believed that a fraction of the kinetic energy in mergers is channeled into nonthermal components, such as turbulence, cosmic rays, and magnetic fields, which may lead to the formation of giant synchrotron sources in the ICM.
Aims. Studying merging galaxy clusters in different evolutionary phases is fundamental for understanding the origin of radio emission in the ICM.
Methods. We observed the nearby galaxy cluster pair RXC J1825.3+3026 (z ∼ 0.065) and CIZA J1824.1+3029 (z ∼ 0.071) at 120 − 168 MHz with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) and made use of a deep (240 ks) XMM-Newton dataset to study the nonthermal and thermal properties of the system. RXC J1825.3+3026 is in a complex dynamical state, with a primary ongoing merger in the E-W direction and a secondary later stage merger with a group of galaxies in the SW, while CIZA J1824.1+3029 is dynamically relaxed. These two clusters are in a pre-merger phase.
Results. We report the discovery of a Mpc-scale radio halo with a low surface brightness extension in RXC J1825.3+3026 that follows the X-ray emission from the cluster center to the remnant of a galaxy group in the SW. This is among the least massive systems and the faintest giant radio halo known to date. In contrast to this, no diffuse radio emission is observed in CIZA J1824.1+3029, nor in the region between the pre-merger cluster pair. The power spectra of the X-ray surface brightness fluctuations of RXC J1825.3+3026 and CIZA J1824.1+3029 are in agreement with the findings for clusters exhibiting a radio halo and clusters where no radio emission has been detected, respectively.
Conclusions. We provide quantitative support to the idea that cluster mergers play a crucial role in the generation of nonthermal components in the ICM.
The full infrared spectrum of molecular hydrogen
Authors: Roueff E. , Abgrall H. , Czachorowski P. , Pachucki K. , Puchalski M. , Komasa J. 
Published: August 2019

Context. The high spectral resolution R ∼ 45 000 provided by IGRINS (Immersion Grating INfrared Spectrometer) at MacDonald Observatory and R ∼ 100 000 achieved by CRIRES (CRyogenic high-resolution InfraRed Echelle Spectrograph) at VLT (Very Large Telescope) challenges the present knowledge of infrared spectra.
Aims. We aim to predict the full infrared spectrum of molecular hydrogen at a comparable accuracy.
Methods. We take advantage of the recent theoretical ab initio studies on molecular hydrogen to compute both the electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole transitions taking place within the ground electronic molecular state of hydrogen.
Results. We computed the full infrared spectrum of molecular hydrogen at an unprecedented accuracy and derive for the first time the emission probabilities including both electric quadrupole (ΔJ = 0, ±2) and magnetic dipole transitions (ΔJ = 0) as well as the total radiative lifetime of each rovibrational state. Inclusion of magnetic dipole transitions increases the emission probabilities by factors of a few for highly excited rotational levels, which occur in the 3–20 μ range.
Vorsorgeuntersuchungen und Check-ups in der Pneumologie
Authors: Kroenig Johannes , Holland Angélique , Vogelmeier Claus Franz 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn pneumology, preventive check-ups have played a subordinate role so far. Current research results could change this. In the following article the focus is on lung cancer and COPD, diseases that have a considerable influence on mortality and morbidity in modern society. Approaches will be discussed that will allow earlier diagnosis of COPD or identify patients at risk. In particular Capture, a questionnaire that significantly increases the pre-test probability in COPD diagnostics, should be mentioned here. Lung carcinoma screening is a controversial topic in Germany. In an American study, the relative mortality rate from lung cancer was significantly reduced by CT screening. Results of a European study (Nelson trial) are still pending. A high pre-test probability will also be decisive for lung cancer screening. In this way, the cost-benefit ratio could be optimized. Since COPD patients have a significantly increased risk of lung cancer, there might be overlaps in the screening procedures.
Demenz und metabolisch-vaskuläre Risikofaktoren: Möglichkeiten der Prävention
Authors: Gonder Ulrike , von Schacky Clemens , Worm Nicolai , Lechner Benjamin , Bock Markus , Lechner Katharina 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Prävalenz der Demenz ist in den letzten Jahren gestiegen und nimmt mit dem Alter exponentiell zu. In Deutschland sind ca. 1,7 Mio. Menschen betroffen, die jährliche Neuerkrankungsrate wird auf 300 000 geschätzt. Der Begriff Demenz umfasst verschiedene Krankheitsformen mit unterschiedlichen Ätiologien. Dem demenziellen Syndrom des höheren Lebensalters liegen meist vaskuläre und metabolische Risikofaktoren zugrunde, die der klinischen Demenzmanifestation um Dekaden vorausgehen. Dies bietet ein enormes Zeitfenster für die Prävention, welche insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund weitgehend fehlender kurativer pharmakologischer Ansätze eine große Bedeutung erlangt. Lebensstilmaßnahmen, die eine hohe Nahrungsqualität und eine ausreichende Versorgung mit Omega-3-Fettsäuren, körperliche Aktivität und erholsamen Schlaf beinhalten, verbessern metabolische und vaskuläre Risikofaktoren und mindern das Demenzrisiko. Da multimodale Konzepte synergistisch wirken, versprechen sie den größten präventiven Nutzen.
Multidisziplinärer anonymer Survey zur Vertrautheit von Ärztinnen und Ärzten eines Universitätsklinikums mit gängigen Termini und Kenngrößen der evidenzbasierten Medizin
Authors: Baulig Christine , Ahrens Sünje-Theresa , Tulka Sabrina , Krummenauer Frank 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Eine Patientenversorgung nach den Grundsätzen der evidenzbasierten Medizin (EbM) ist im Sozialgesetzbuch (u. a. § 137f SGB V) festgelegt. Im Rahmen der Qualitätssicherung in der Medizin wird deshalb immer wieder eine Pflicht-Weiterbildung für Ärztinnen und Ärzte im Bereich EbM gefordert. Es stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit aktuell klinisch tätige Ärztinnen und Ärzten bereits mit gängigen Termini und Kenngrößen der EbM vertraut sind. Ebenso ist die optimale zeitliche Ansiedlung einer möglichen Weiterbildung während der ärztlichen Ausbildung unklar.
Material und Methoden Im Februar 2017 wurde an 4 Kliniken der Universität Witten/Herdecke ein anonymer Survey (Papier-Fragebogen) durchgeführt. Der Fragebogen bestand aus 12 ausformulierten Aufgaben zu klassischen Methoden der EbM. Alle Aufgaben waren mit „richtig“ oder „falsch“ zu beantworten; das Nichtbeantworten einzelner Aufgaben war gestattet. Primärer Endpunkt der Untersuchung war der individuelle Anteil korrekt beantworteter unter den gegebenen Antworten. Die primäre Fragestellung des Surveys bestand in der Schätzung des medianen Anteils korrekter unter den vorliegenden Antworten der Teilnehmenden mittels eines 2-seitigen 95 %-Konfidenzintervalls.
Ergebnisse Aus den 4 Kliniken resultierten 70 auswertbare Fragebögen (15–19 pro Klinik). Der mediane Anteil korrekter unter den gegebenen Antworten lag bei 47 % (95 %-KI [40 %; 50 %]). Die 4 Kliniken unterschieden sich zum Niveau 5 % bezüglich des Anteils korrekter Antworten nicht signifikant (p = 0,388), konkret zeigten sich mediane Anteile zwischen 40 % und 50 % korrekter unter den gegebenen Antworten in den 4 Kliniken.
Diskussion Dem klinisch tätigen Personal an Universitätskliniken kann eine gewisse Vertrautheit mit gängigen Methoden der klinischen Forschung unterstellt werden. Der Anteil korrekter Antworten lag jedoch unter 50 %, sodass eine Weiterbildung zu EbM-spezifischen Methoden indiziert erscheint. Hinweise zum optimalen Zeitpunkt solcher Angebote während der ärztlichen Ausbildung konnten nicht aus dem Survey abgeleitet werden.
Palliativdienste in den deutschen onkologischen Spitzenzentren
Authors: Gahr Susanne , Berendt Julia , Lödel Sarah , Ostgathe Christoph , Simon Steffen T. , Tewes Mitra , Zader Kirsten , Schwartz Jacqueline , Neukirchen Martin 
Published: August 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Ein Palliativdienst ist in der Beratung und Versorgung von Patienten mit einer Tumorerkrankung als Qualitätsindikator anerkannt und in National Cancer Institutes, Vorbild der deutschen Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), flächendeckend (92 %) umgesetzt. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wie die Palliativdienste aktuell in die CCCs integriert sind.
Methode Durch eine papierbasierte quantitative Befragung an 16 Standorten der bisher geförderten CCCs wurden von Juli bis August 2017 Angaben zum Vorhandensein, zur personellen Situation, Inanspruchnahme und zu Perspektiven eines Palliativdienstes erfasst. Die Befragung richtete sich an die Leiter der palliativmedizinischen Einheiten der CCCs. Die Daten wurden in SPSS ausgewertet (Häufigkeit, Median, Mittelwert, Spannweite).
Ergebnisse 15 CCCs haben an der Befragung teilgenommen (Rücklauf 94 %). 13 der 15 CCCs verfügen über einen Dienst, der Palliativpatienten mitbehandelt. In 12 von 13 CCCs sind diese in den Regelarbeitszeiten (wochentags 8–16 Uhr) erreichbar. Alle Dienste sind ärztlich besetzt, 11 zusätzlich pflegerisch. 7 Dienste sind neben Arzt und Pflege mit einer weiteren Profession besetzt. Es wurden im Jahr 2016 im Median 4482 Mitbehandlungen durch die Dienste erbracht, davon 80 % als Zusatzentgelte (ZE) ohne Erlös und ohne kodierbaren OPS. Im Jahr 2017 planen 5 Zentren das ZE 2017-133, 2 Zentren das ZE 60 und 3 Zentren beide ZE abzurechnen.
Diskussion Dienste für Palliativpatienten sind in den deutschen CCCs regelhaft vorhanden, erfüllen jedoch nur zur Hälfte die in der S3-Leitlinie geforderte Bedingung der Multiprofessionalität. Das im Jahr 2017 neu eingeführte, stundengenau abrechenbare Zusatzentgelt könnte hier Verbesserungen schaffen und zur Kostendeckung beitragen. Dadurch können entgegen der bisherigen Regelung notwendige und sinnvolle Leistungen mit einer Behandlungsdauer auch unter 7 Tagen abgerechnet werden.
Conversion of Thesis to Peer-Reviewed Publication
Authors: Shukla Dhaval , Tripathi Manjul , Devi Bhagavatula Indira 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction Writing a thesis or dissertation during a postgraduate medical or surgical training is a part of curriculum, which is considered a major component of training during residency. We aimed to analyze and find out the fate of thesis of our residents, their outcome, and impact. We have also evaluated the reasons for not publishing the thesis in a peer-reviewed paper.
Methods This study was conducted at a neurosurgical department of a premier training institute. PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for the topics of thesis and names of residents to find out whether any paper was published similar to topic of thesis. The faculties and residents were also personally contacted to evaluate the publication status of their thesis. A questionnaire was sent to the students who did not publish their thesis to find out the reasons for not submitting for publication.
Results Total 56 residents submitted 85 thesis. The conversion rate to peer-reviewed publication was 32.5%. There was decreasing trend of conversion to publication over 10 years. The most common reasons for not publishing was a bad design of study, or deemed worthless for publication.
Conclusion Conversion rate of thesis to paper is poor. In addition to writing thesis, candidates should be encouraged to have publications in indexed journal as full-length articles. Such publications carry more significance in long-term career of a resident.
Botulism in the Pediatric Intensive Care Units in the United States: Interrogating a National Database
Authors: Howes Cynthia , Hiatt Kerith , Turlington Katherine , Foster Cortney , Holloway Adrian , Graciano Ana Lia , Custer Jason , Bhutta Adnan , Bagdure Dayanand 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBotulism in children can have severe complications necessitating intensive care. The current literature lacks data of children with botulism requiring critical care. We aim to describe the outcomes of pediatric botulism in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Retrospective cohort data from Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS, LLC, Los Angeles, California), from 2009 to 2016 including all PICU admissions among children with botulism, were analyzed. Characteristics and outcomes were compared with similar studies. A total of 380 children were identified over 8 years. Our cohort had the shortest length of stay (median 4.6 days), the smallest percent requiring mechanical ventilation (40%), and the highest median age (120 days) amongst comparable studies. Length of mechanical ventilation and PICU stay has decreased among children with botulism. Advances in PICU care may have contributed to these improved outcomes.
Venous Flaps for Revascularization and Soft-Tissue Coverage in Traumatic Hand Injuries: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Roberts John M. , Carr Logan W. , Haley Christopher T. , Hauck Randy M. , Michelotti Brett F. 
Published: August 2019

Background The use of the venous flap for simultaneous revascularization and coverage of soft tissue defects has been documented in the literature for over 30 years. First described in 1981, Nakayama et al demonstrated that a vein and overlying skin, or a venous flap, may be transposed from one area of the body to another with complete survival of the graft. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine predictors of venous flap survival in traumatic hand injuries.
Methods A literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library was performed with emphasis on venous flap use in traumatic hand injuries. MeSH terms included: vein graft, revascularization, venous flow through flap, arterialized venous flap, bypass, replantation, amputation, avulsion, trauma, injury, amputate, finger, hand, and thumb.
Results Forty-three articles were collected that contained data on 626 free venous flaps. Most patients were males (73.9) and injured their right hand (52.3%). The forearm was the most commonly used venous flap donor site (83.6%), and most of the skin paddles were 10 to 25 cm2 (41.1%). Arterial inflow was used in 93.1% of the flaps. Most venous flaps (79.6%) healed without superficial tissue loss or necrosis. Ninety-two (14.7%) flaps had partial loss while 36 (5.8%) flaps did not survive.
Conclusion The use of venous flaps for concomitant revascularization and soft tissue coverage of the hand permits good results with limited morbidity. The overall flap survival rate is nearly 95%. Younger patients whose flaps have arterial inflow and skin paddles of medium size (10–25 cm2) have the best chance for survival.
Acute Spinal Cord Compression due to Chloroma as the Initial Presenting Feature of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Patro Sushant Kumar , Nayak Biswaranjan , Kumar Arun , Krishnamurthy Balappa Holeppagol , Biswal Debabrata , Sahoo Prafulla Kumar 
Published: August 2019

AbstractChloroma is the deposits in leukemic cells outside the bone marrow and is not common. It is extremely rare to find a chloroma compressing the spinal cord causing paraplegia without any prior symptoms. Only few case reports have been found in the literature till date. We report an interesting case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with acute back pain and paraplegia with a dorsal extradural mass, and with a previous diagnosis of tuberculosis of the dorsal spine, treated with antitubercular drugs without any other signs of systemic illness. After surgical decompression and histopathologic examination of the tissue, it was found to be chloroma. There are only few reported cases of this disease initially presented as paraplegia without any systemic signs of malignancy in the literature, and chloroma presents as a diagnostic challenge to the surgeon. Chloromas are a rare cause of acute spinal cord compression but should be diagnosed and treated promptly to prevent neurologic dysfunction.
Distal Metaphyseal Osteotomy Allows for Greater Ulnar Shortening Compared to Diaphyseal Osteotomy for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Luo T. David , De Gregorio Michael , Zuskov Andrey , Khalil Mario , Li Zhongyu , Nuñez Fiesky A. , Nuñez Fiesky A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose To compare the biomechanical characteristics between diaphyseal and metaphyseal ulnar-shortening osteotomy with respect to (1) maximal shortening achieved at each osteotomy site and (2) force required to achieve shortening at each site.
Methods Nine fresh frozen cadaveric upper extremities were affixed through the proximal ulna to a wooden surgical board. A metaphyseal 20-mm bone wedge was resected from the distal ulna and sequential shortening was performed. A load cell was attached to a distal post that was clamped to the surgical board and used to measure the force required for each sequential 5-mm of shortening until maximal shortening was achieved. The resected bone was reinserted, and plate fixation was used to restore normal anatomy. A 20-mm diaphyseal osteotomy was performed, and force measurements were recorded in the same manner with (1) interosseous membrane intact, (2) central band released, and (3) extensive interosseous membrane and muscular attachments released.
Results Metaphyseal osteotomy allowed greater maximal shortening than diaphyseal osteotomy with the interosseous membrane intact and with central band release but similar shortening when extensive interosseous membrane and muscle release was performed. Force at maximal shortening was similar between metaphyseal and diaphyseal osteotomy. Sequential soft tissue release at the diaphysis allowed for increased shortening with slightly decreased shortening force with sequential release.
Conclusion Metaphyseal ulnar osteotomy allows greater maximal shortening but requires similar force compared with diaphyseal osteotomy. Sequential release of the interosseous membrane permits increased shortening at the diaphysis but requires extensive soft tissue release.
Clinical Relevance Both sites of osteotomy can achieve sufficient shortening to decompress the ulnocarpal joint for most cases of ulnar impaction syndrome. The greater shortening from metaphyseal ulnar osteotomy may be reserved for severe cases of shortening, especially after distal radius malunion or in the setting of distal radius growth arrest in the pediatric population.
Level of Evidence This is a Level V, basic science study.
Principles of Orthoplastic Surgery for Lower Extremity Reconstruction: Why Is This Important?
Authors: Azoury Saïd C. , Stranix John T. , Kovach Stephen J. , Levin L. Scott 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground Regardless of the antecedent etiology, lower extremity salvage and reconstruction attempts to avoid amputation, restore limb function, and improve quality of life outcomes. This goal requires a treatment team well versed in neurovascular pathology, skeletal and soft tissue reconstruction, and physical rehabilitation.Methods A review was performed of historical milestones that lead to the development of orthoplastic extremity reconstruction, principles of current management and the evidence that supports an orthoplastic approach. Based on available evidence and expert opinion, the authors further sought to provide insight into the future of the field centered around the importance of a multidisciplinary management protocol.Results Historically, orthopaedic and plastic surgeons worked separately when faced with challenging reconstructive cases involving lower extremity skeletal and soft tissue reconstruction. With time, many embraced that their seemingly separate skill-sets and knowledge could be unified in a collaborative orthoplastic approach in order to offer patients the best possible chance for success. First coined by the senior author (LSL) in the early 1990s, the collaborative orthoplastic approach between orthopaedic and plastic surgeons in limb salvage for the past several decades has resulted in a unique field of reconstructive surgery. Benefits of the orthoplastic approach include decreased time to definitive skeletal stabilization/soft tissue coverage, length of hospital stay, post-operative complications, need for revision procedures and improved functional outcomes.Conclusion The orthoplastic approach to lower extremity reconstruction is a collaborative model of orthopaedic and plastic surgeons working together to expedite and optimize care of patients in need of lower extremity reconstruction. The implementation of protocols, systems, and centers that foster this approach leads to improve outcomes for these patients. We encourage centers to embrace the orthoplastic approach when considering limb salvage, as the decision to amputate is irreversible.
Optimism is associated with exceptional longevity in 2 epidemiologic cohorts of men and women
Authors: Lee Lewina O. , James Peter , Zevon Emily S. , Kim Eric S. , Trudel-Fitzgerald Claudia , Spiro Avron , Grodstein Francine , Kubzansky Laura D. 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Optimism is a psychological attribute characterized as the general expectation that good things will happen, or the belief that the future will be favorable because one can control important outcomes. Previous studies reported that more optimistic individuals are less likely to suffer from chronic diseases and die prematurely. Our results further suggest that optimism is specifically related to 11 to 15% longer life span, on average, and to greater odds of achieving “exceptional longevity,” that is, living to the age of 85 or beyond. These relations were independent of socioeconomic status, health conditions, depression, social integration, and health behaviors (e.g., smoking, diet, and alcohol use). Overall, findings suggest optimism may be an important psychosocial resource for extending life span in older adults.
Dynamical formation of a strongly correlated dark condensate of dipolar excitons
Authors: Mazuz-Harpaz Yotam , Cohen Kobi , Leveson Michael , West Ken , Pfeiffer Loren , Khodas Maxim , Rapaport Ronen 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Interactions between many quantum particles are known to trigger exotic collective phenomena such as superconductivity and superfluidity. Here we present a theoretical model and experimental results for a collective quantum phenomenon in an interacting Bose gas of electronic quasi-particles, known as dipolar excitons. We show that a dense Bose–Einstein condensate can be formed in an optically inactive state, previously believed to be unstable, due to short-range exchange interactions between excitons. However, long-range dipolar repulsion leads to strong correlations, suppressing the exchange interaction and allowing dark condensation at very high densities. The formation of this dark condensate results in a sharp dynamical buildup in the number of particles, a surprising out-of-equilibrium phenomenon in quantum gases.