bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive impact of a diagnostic stewardship intervention on syndromic panel ordering practices and inappropriate C. difficile treatment
Authors: Ilges Dan , Graf Erin H. , Grant Leah , Long Ashley , Siebeneck Eric , Seville Maria Teresa , Grys Thomas , Speiser Lisa J. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjective:Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels for stool testing may be used to diagnose Clostridioides difficile, which can circumvent more appropriate targeted C. difficile testing, resulting in treatment of incidentally detected colonization. We sought to reduce C. difficile diagnosis via a gastrointestinal pathogen panel (GIPP).Design:Quasi-experimental, pre/post, retrospective cohort study from January 1, 2022, to January 31, 2024.Setting:Mayo Clinic Arizona—a single academic medical center and associated clinics.Patients:Adult patients receiving C. difficile testing and/or treatment.Methods:Preferred C. difficile testing consisted of glutamate dehydrogenase and toxin antigen immunoassay, followed by toxin gene testing for discrepant results. The GIPP contained 22 targets during the baseline period with C. difficile removed during the postintervention period. Surveys were provided to provider and nursing groups, separately, to identify C. difficile ordering practices and knowledge gaps.Results:At baseline, from January 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023, 2,772 GIPPs were completed for 2,307 unique patients (∼7 per day), primarily for outpatients (1,805 of 2,772, 65%). The most common positive target was C. difficile (517 of 1,018, 51%), which resulted in treatment for C. difficile infection in 94.9% (337 of 355) of cases. Following GIPP C. difficile target removal, GIPP orders decreased from 3.23 to 2.7 per 1,000 patient visits (P < .001). Prescribing of C. difficile treatments decreased in the postintervention period in inpatient and outpatient settings. There were no cases of delayed C. difficile diagnosis during the postintervention period.Conclusions:Removing C. difficile from the GIPP resulted in effective diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship without resulting in delayed diagnoses.
Kolmogorov’s theorem for degenerate Hamiltonian systems with Hölder continuous parameters
Authors: Du Jiayin , Li Yong , Zhang Hongkun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate Kolmogorov-type theorems for small perturbations of degenerate Hamiltonian systems. These systems are index by a parameter ξ as

$ H(y,x,\xi) = \langle\omega(\xi),y\rangle {+ \bar h(y,\xi)}+\varepsilon P(y,x,\xi,\varepsilon) $

, where ɛ > 0. We assume that the frequency mapping

$\omega(\cdot)$

,

$\bar h(y,\cdot)=O(|y|^2)$

and the perturbation

$\varepsilon P(y,x,\cdot, \varepsilon)$

maintain Hölder continuity about ξ. We prove that the persistent invariant tori retain the same frequency as those of the unperturbed tori, under a certain topological degree condition and a weak convexity condition for the frequency mapping. Notably, this paper presents, to our understanding, pioneering results on the KAM theorem under such conditions with only assumption of Hölder continuous dependence of frequency mapping ω on the parameter.
Developing and implementing a Digital Stories programme in nursing homes: a qualitative process evaluation
Authors: Stargatt Jennifer , Thielking Monica , Bhar Sunil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
For older adults requiring permanent care in nursing homes (or residential aged care facilities), there can be a tendency to feel disconnected from their sense of self. Digital storytelling has the potential to improve relationships and social connectedness, and encourage a sense of self and identity; however, there is little research on the implementation of this practice. A qualitative process evaluation was conducted with a sample of 12 volunteers who delivered a Digital Stories programme. The programme connected volunteers with socially isolated residents of nursing homes with the aim of engaging the residents to reminisce and contribute toward creating a digital story about their lives. The study aimed to understand enablers of and barriers to implementing the programme in nursing homes, from the perspective of volunteers. Thematic analysis resulted in several overarching themes and sub-themes. The enablers of implementation included skills and characteristics of the volunteers (e.g. adaptable to residents’ needs), specific features of the programme (e.g. having a shared goal) and support from the nursing home staff. The barriers to implementation included individual traits of the resident (e.g. low capacity for engagement), limitations associated with the prescribed protocol, and managing perspectives regarding what stories are told. Volunteers also made suggestions for future programme development. Implications for successful future digital storytelling projects include ensuring a manualised approach to the program while allowing for flexibility in delivery, careful recruitment of residents and volunteers, and providing comprehensive training and education to volunteers.
Transportation usage and perceptions among older adults in Mexico City: a qualitative study
Authors: Villena-Sánchez Jessica , Boschmann E. Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Transportation plays a vital role in meeting the daily activity needs of individuals, including older adults. One major gap in the existing ageing and mobility literature is that most studies are situated in the Global North despite Global South cities facing comparatively faster ageing. This article’s primary purpose is to examine the daily lived experiences of transportation use among older adults in Mexico City. Secondarily it explores contextual differences among individuals living in two neighbourhood types – those with high or low access to public transportation networks. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 22 older adults and isolated four central themes that encapsulate their experiences of transportation in Mexico City. The extensive and well-run structured-transit system in central Mexico City was the source of many positive experiences for older adults, especially regarding affordability, high network connectivity and overall sense of safety and comfort. This was true for most participants across neighbourhood types and socio-economic statuses. Conversely, in peripheral neighbourhoods dominated by less-structured transportation modes, negative experiences included complaints about vehicle drivers, crime and safety, comfort and convenience. This article’s contributions are showing (1) consistency with existing Global South literature whereby older adults tend to use public transportation more widely and hold similar complaints related to poor experiences as older adult passengers; (2) that Mexico City exemplifies older adult transportation experiences that are dramatically different from car-dependent societies in the Global North; and (3) how older adults’ experiences with public transportation can vary significantly based on residential location within the city.
Beat the elite or concede defeat? Populist problem (re-)representations of international financial disputes
Authors: Fouquet Stephan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Many populist leaders politicise disputes with external financial ‘elites’, but most are forced by economic pressures to fundamentally change their ‘people-versus-elite’ problem representations and ‘concede defeat’. Notable exceptions are Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, Argentina’s Cristina Kirchner, and Turkey’s Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who sooner or later resisted strong push-back and defied the IMF or distressed-debt funds. These instances of prolonged populist defiance differ widely across commonly used structural and agential explanatory factors at international, domestic, and individual levels. To explain how Orbán, Kirchner, and Erdoğan managed to ‘beat the elite’, this paper clusters several root causes into a parsimonious framework of two intervening variables. The temporality of strong ‘elite’ push-back and the openness of advisory systems are theorised as shaping distinct cognitive mechanisms of representational continuity or change, through which ‘people-versus-elite’ input is either preserved until – or discarded before – feeding into decision outputs. As the two-by-two matrix of early/later external shocks and open/closed inner circles explains, Orbán did not move beyond marginal representational adjustments; Kirchner’s contingent representational fluidity benefited from opportune situational developments; and Erdoğan defied significant socio-economic cost with fundamental representational continuity. These insights highlight the potential of studying populism at the intersection of foreign policy analysis and international political economy.
Marital status, brain health, and cognitive reserve among diverse older adults
Authors: Lee Ji Hyun , Scambray Kiana A. , Morris Emily P. , Sol Ketlyne , Palms Jordan D. , Zaheed Afsara B. , Martinez Michelle N. , Schupf Nicole , Manly Jennifer J. , Brickman Adam M. , Zahodne Laura B. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Being married may protect late-life cognition. Less is known about living arrangement among unmarried adults and mechanisms such as brain health (BH) and cognitive reserve (CR) across race and ethnicity or sex/gender. The current study examines (1) associations between marital status, BH, and CR among diverse older adults and (2) whether one’s living arrangement is linked to BH and CR among unmarried adults.

Method:
Cross-sectional data come from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (N = 778, 41% Hispanic, 33% non-Hispanic Black, 25% non-Hispanic White; 64% women). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of BH included cortical thickness in Alzheimer’s disease signature regions and hippocampal, gray matter, and white matter hyperintensity volumes. CR was residual variance in an episodic memory composite after partialing out MRI markers. Exploratory analyses stratified by race and ethnicity and sex/gender and included potential mediators.

Results:
Marital status was associated with CR, but not BH. Compared to married individuals, those who were previously married (i.e., divorced, widowed, and separated) had lower CR than their married counterparts in the full sample, among White and Hispanic subgroups, and among women. Never married women also had lower CR than married women. These findings were independent of age, education, physical health, and household income. Among never married individuals, living with others was negatively linked to BH.

Conclusions:
Marriage may protect late-life cognition via CR. Findings also highlight differential effects across race and ethnicity and sex/gender. Marital status could be considered when assessing the risk of cognitive impairment during routine screenings.
The Birth of an Underground Gas Storage in a Depleted Gas Reservoir—Results From Integrated Seismic and Ground Deformation Monitoring
Authors: Priolo E. , Zinno I. , Guidarelli M. , Romanelli M. , Lanari R. , Sandron D. , Garbin M. , Peruzza L. , Romano M. A. , Zuliani D. , Tunini L. , Magrin A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the Po Valley (Italy), near Lodi, a depleted methane reservoir was recently converted into an underground gas storage (UGS) facility. We describe the new monitoring infrastructure that integrates seismic and ground deformation capabilities. We also present results obtained before and after the start of UGS operation, namely: (a) the so‐called “background,” for seismicity and deformation estimated over several decades before the UGS; (b) the “seismic baseline,” assessed using the new monitoring network over nearly 2 years before the gas injection began; and (c) the seismicity and deformation measured over the first 3 years of UGS operation. In practice, we observe the phenomena associated with the “birth” of a UGS with remarkable instrumental capabilities. Following three cycles of injection/extraction, about 30 events consistent with natural, tectonically related seismicity were located within 30 km of the UGS. Moreover, the observed uplift of about 2 cm is consistent with theoretical expectations of ground deformation. Our study confirms that UGS in depleted gas reservoirs, if well managed, can result in negligible, if any, human‐induced seismicity and limited ground surface deformation. It also shows the importance of measuring the undisturbed conditions prior to industrial activities over a sufficiently long period of time, to correctly interpret the phenomena observed later.
Enduring modulation of dorsal raphe nuclei regulates (R,S)-ketamine-mediated resilient stress-coping behavior
Authors: Camargo Anderson , Nilsson Anna , Shariatgorji Reza , Appleton Ellen , Branzell Niclas , Doyon Daniel , Giovenzana Mattia , Zhang Xiaoqun , Dautan Daniel , Andren Per E. , Svenningsson Per 
Published: November 2024

AbstractKetamine may be a novel pharmacologic approach to enhance resilience and protect against stress-related disorders, but the molecular targets underlying this response remain to be fully characterized. The multifunctional protein p11 is crucial in the pathophysiology of depression and antidepressant responses. However, it is still unclear whether p11 plays a role in the pro-resilience effects induced by ketamine. Here, we demonstrated that prophylactic administration of ketamine buffers passive stress-induced maladaptive phenotypes induced by chronic stress exposure. Spatial neurotransmitter and metabolite analysis revealed that prophylactic ketamine was also effective in blunting stress-induced disturbances of tryptophan metabolism in dorsal raphe nuclei (DRN). Additionally, we demonstrated that ketamine prevented chronic restraint stress-induced p11 reduction in DRN, a highly p11-enriched region. Furthermore, we provide novel evidence indicating that p11 deficiency regulates susceptibility to stress-induced depression-related phenotypes, and these behavioral maladaptations are dependent, at least in part, on p11 function in serotonergic neurons. Spatial neurotransmitter and metabolite analysis also showed a reduction of tryptophan and dopamine metabolism in DRN of serotonergic p11-deficient mice. Viral-mediated downregulation of p11 within DRN induced a stress-susceptible phenotype. Finally, our results also unveiled that the ability of ketamine to elicit a pro-resilience response against stress-induced maladaptive phenotypes was occluded when p11 was selectively deleted in serotonergic neurons. Altogether, we showed a previously unexplored role of the DRN circuit in regulating stress susceptibility and resilience-enhancing actions of ketamine.
CRIPTO’s multifaceted role in driving aggressive prostate cancer unveiled by in vivo, organoid, and patient data
Authors: Rodrigues Sousa Elisa , de Brot Simone , Zoni Eugenio , Zeinali Soheila , Brunello Andrea , Scarpa Mario , De Menna Marta , La Manna Federico , Abey Alexander Allen , Klima Irena , Freeman David W. , Gates Brooke L. , Cristaldi Domenico A. , Guenat Olivier T. , Kruithof Boudewijn P. T. , Spike Benjamin T. , Chouvardas Panagiotis , Kruithof-de Julio Marianna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
CRIPTO (or CR-1 or TDGF1) is a protein that plays an active role in tumor initiation and progression. We have confirmed that increased expression of CRIPTO is associated with clinical and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression in human prostate tissues. Our approach involved gaining insight into the role of CRIPTO signaling in castration-resistant Nkx3.1-expressing cells (CARNs), targets for oncogenic transformation in prostate cancer (PCa), by integrating the existing Cripto
flox/flox into CARNs model. The most aggressive stage was modeled using an inducible Cre under control of the Nkx3.1 promoter conferring Nkx3.1 inactivation and driving Pten inactivation, oncogenic Kras activation, and lineage tracing with yellow fluorescence protein (EYFP) upon induction. Our findings provide evidence that selective depletion of Cripto in epithelial cells in vivo reduced the invasive phenotype, particularly in more advanced tumor stages. Moreover, in vitro experiments with Cripto overexpression demonstrated alterations in the physical features of organoids, which correlated with increased tumorigenic activity. Transcriptomic analyses revealed a unique CRIPTO/MYC co-activation signature associated with PSA progression in a human PCa cohort. Taken together, our data highlights a role for CRIPTO in tumor invasiveness and progression, which carries implications for biomarkers and targeted therapies.
Online fountain code with an improved caching mechanism
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhen Zhen , Zhao Yuli , Lau Francis C. M. , Ma Bochang , Zhang Bin , Yu Hai , Zhu Zhiliang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe original online fountain codes discard a large number of symbols that do not meet the requirements at the decoder. To improve channel utilization, this article proposes a new online fountain code. In the completion phase, the proposed code improves the receiving rules of encoded symbols, that is, the encoded symbols discarded in the original online fountain codes are selectively cached. Moreover, an optimal degree selection strategy of encoded symbols is obtained in the proposed scheme. The valid degree range of the proposed strategy is also analyzed, leading to an upper bound of cached events which eventually limits the number of feedbacks. The theoretical analysis and simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme outperforms two state‐of‐the‐art online fountain codes in terms of overhead factors, number of feedback transmissions, and encoding/decoding efficiency.
Assessing the detection of the Yarkovsky effect using the Gaia DR3 and FPR catalogues
Authors: Dziadura Karolina , Bartczak Przemysław , Oszkiewicz Dagmara 
Published: November 2024

Aims. The primary objective of this study was to use the newest Gaia Focused Product Release (FPR) catalogue, which contains ultra-precise asteroid astrometry spanning 66 months, to detect the Yarkovsky effect. This non-gravitational acceleration affects the orbits of small asteroids. Moreover, we examined close approaches of near-Earth asteroids by comparing orbits calculated based on Gaia data.
Methods. We used the conventional least-squares orbit computation method, which is available in the OrbFit software (version developed at the MPC). We used the latest Gaia FPR, complemented by data from the Minor Planet Center and radar astrometry from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. We fitted the orbital parameters for 446 eear-Earth asteroids, including the additional non-gravitational transverse acceleration, to model the Yarkovsky effect. Furthermore, we compared the results obtained using different datasets: the Gaia FPR, and the previous Gaia Data Release 3 (DR3).
Results. We detected a robust Yarkovsky effect in 43 NEAs. As expected, we found an improvement in the orbital element uncertainty and in the signal-to-noise ratio of the Yarkovsky effect detections when we used the current Gaia FPR with twice the observing arc compared to the Gaia DR3 catalogue. We also found nine additional reliable detections of the Yarkovsky effect based on the new Gaia FPR catalogue.
Conclusions. It can be important to include the Yarkovsky effect in the force model to reliably estimate close-approach distances of near-Earth asteroids. Several of the detected Yarkovsky drifts already have a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 10, which is high enough for their Yarkovsky effect to be included in their reliable long-term orbital evolution, close approach, and Earth-impact analysis. The final Gaia catalogue may provide a much higher number of detections with a high signal-to-noise ratio of the Yarkovsky effect. This would allow us to include the effect more broadly in routine close-approach and impact analyses of these objects.
Examining the brightness variability, accretion disk, and evolutionary stage of the binary OGLE-LMC-ECL-14413
Authors: Mennickent R. E. , Djurašević G. , Rosales J. A. , Garcés J. , Petrović J. , Schleicher D. R. G. , Jurkovic M. , Soszyński I. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. 
Published: November 2024

Context. Several intermediate-mass close binary systems exhibit photometric cycles longer than their orbital periods, potentially due to changes in their accretion disks. Past studies indicate that analyzing historical light curves can provide valuable insights into disk evolution and track variations in mass transfer rates within these systems.
Aims. Our study aims to elucidate both short-term and long-term variations in the light curve of the eclipsing system OGLE-LMC-ECL-14413, with a particular focus on the unusual reversals in eclipse depth. We aim to clarify the role of the accretion disk in these fluctuations, especially in long-cycle changes spanning hundreds of days. Additionally, we seek to determine the evolutionary stage of the system and gain insights into the internal structure of its stellar components.
Methods. We analyzed photometric time series from the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) project in I and V bands, and from the MAssive Compact Halo Objects (MACHO) project in the BM and RM bands, covering a period of 30.85 years. Using light curve data from 27 epochs, we constructed models of the accretion disk. An optimized simplex algorithm was employed to solve the inverse problem, deriving the best-fit parameters for the stars, orbit, and disk. We also utilized the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics (MESA) software to assess the evolutionary stage of the binary system, investigating the progenitors and potential future developments.
Results. We found an orbital period of 38.15917 ± 0.00054 days and a long-term cycle of approximately 780 days. Temperature, mass, radius, and surface gravity values were determined for both stars. The photometric orbital cycle and the long-term cycle are consistent with a disk containing variable physical properties, including two shock regions. The disk encircles the more massive star and the system brightness variations align with the long-term cycle at orbital phase 0.25. Our mass transfer rate calculations correspond to these brightness changes. MESA simulations indicate weak magnetic fields in the donor star’s subsurface, which are insufficient to influence mass transfer rates significantly.
PEG-Anlage bei einer 42-jährigen Patientin mit Verdacht auf eine neue Variante der Creutzfeld-Jakob-Krankheit mit Hilfe eines Einmalbronchoskops
Authors: Klausner Michael , Feller Roman , Vogt Wolfgang , Wege Henning 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungPrionenerkrankungen stellen eine Herausforderung für den Einsatz flexibler wiederverwendbarer Endoskope dar. Speziell für die neue Variante der Creutzfeld-Jakob-Erkrankung (vCJK) existieren bislang keine geeigneten Aufbereitungsverfahren. Bei diesen Patienten gelten nur Einmalendoskope als hygienisch sicher. Der Fallbericht zeigt die PEG-Anlage bei einer 42-jährigen Patientin mit Verdacht auf eine vCJK mithilfe eines Einmalbronchoskops.
Entwurf mit Luft nach oben
Authors: Vogler Christine 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungIm September 2024 hat das Bundesministerium für Gesundheit den Referentenentwurf eines
Pflegekompetenzgesetzes (PKG) vorgelegt. Die Eckpunkte hierzu lagen seit Dezember 2023 vor. Der
Gesetzentwurf sollte im November 2024 folgen. Hier mehr über die Inhalte.
Wenn Erfahrung auf Innovation trifft
Authors: Heeser Alexandra 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDie faulsten, die ungebildetsten, die egozentrischsten ... Seit jeher rechnet die ältere Generation mit
einer Verrohung der Sitten bei den Jüngeren. Seit einigen Jahren wird dieser „Generationenkonflikt“ auch
medial stark beachtet. Wir sprachen mit einem von Deutschlands bekanntesten Generationenforschern.