bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged heating in nontargeted tissue during MR‐guided focused ultrasound of bone tumors
Authors: Bitton Rachel R. , Webb Taylor D. , Pauly Kim Butts , Ghanouni Pejman 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundThermal dosimetry during MR‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) of bone tumors underpredicts ablation zone. Intraprocedural understanding of heat accumulation near bone is needed to prevent undesired treatment of nontargeted tissue.HypothesisTemperature decay rates predict prolonged, spatially varying heating during MRgFUS bone treatments.Study TypeProspective case series.PatientsNine patients with localized painful bone tumors (five bone metastasis, four osteoid osteomas), were compared with five patients with uterine fibroid tumors treated using MRgFUS.Field Strength/SequenceProton resonance frequency shift thermometry using 2D‐GRE with echo‐planar imaging at 3 T.AssessmentTissue response was derived by fitting data from extended thermometry acquisitions to a decay model. Decay rates and time to peak temperature (TTP) were analyzed in segmented zones between the bone target and skin. Decay rates were used to calculate intersonication cooling times required to return to body temperature; these were compared against conventional system‐mandated cooling times.Statistical TestsKolmogorov–Smirnov tests for normality, and Student's t‐test was used to compare decay rates. Spatial TTP delay and predicted cooling times used Wilcoxon signed rank tests. P < 0.05 was significant.ResultsTissue decay rates in bone tumor patients were 3.5 times slower than those in patients with fibroids (τbone = 0.037 ± 0.012 vs. τfibroid = 0.131 ± 0.010, P < 0.05). Spatial analysis showed slow decay rates effecting baseline temperature as far as 12 mm away from the bone surface, τ4 = 0.015 ± 0.026 (median ± interquartile range [IQR]). Tissue within 9 mm of bone experienced delayed TTP (P < 0.01). In the majority of bone tumor treatments, system‐predicted intersonication cooling times were insufficient for nearby tissue to return to body temperature (P = 0.03 in zone 4).Data ConclusionMRgFUS near bone is susceptible to long tissue decay rates, and unwanted cumulative heating up to 1.2 cm from the surface of the bone. Knowledge of decay rates may be used to alter treatment planning and intraprocedural thermal monitoring protocols to account for prolonged heating by bone.Level of Evidence: 4Technical Efficacy: Stage 4J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1526–1533.
Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among women: A population‐based study in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China
Authors: Su Ya , Yuan Zhiqiong , Xu Chunping , Li Zhengjin , Zhu Renjian , Zhang Wei , Cao Rongrong , Yan Xuyi , Liu Yunchun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that persistent infection with high‐risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer, and that the distribution of HPV genotypes varies regionally. This study explored the prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection among Han, Yi, and Bai women in various regions of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. This cross‐sectional study included 2779 women (20–76 years old) who were referred for 21‐HPV genotype array diagnostic from five regions of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture between February 2013 and May 2016. Statistical methods used included a the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, t test, and logistic regression. Overall HPV prevalence in the study population was 7.6%. HPV‐52, HPV‐58, HPV‐18, HPV‐81, and HPV‐16 were the most prevalent genotypes in the study area, and notably, the prevalence of HPV‐58 was significantly higher among women in Heqing County than that in other regions. Univariate analysis showed that husband's age, region, fertility status, and parity were potential factors associated with HPV infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that Heqing County was an independent risk factor for HPV infection among women in the Dali area, moreover, Yi women showed the highest risk for HPV infections. Overall, our finding emphasizing the urgent need for an HPV screening and prevention program in Heqing County and Yi women. We also suggest that HPV‐related health education should be provided not only to women, but also to men, to reduce the risk of infection in women.
Ku‐band GaN 100‐W internally matched amplifier using accurate large signal model
Authors: Zhong Shichang , Yin Xiaoxing , Chen Tangsheng , Huang Dan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper describes a Ku‐band 100‐W gallium nitride (GaN) internally matched power amplifier using an accurate large signal Angelov model. The large gate‐periphery GaN devices on SiC substrate are used for achieving the large power output and high efficiency. For designing exactly the power amplifier, the large signal GaN model is founded using measured pulse I‐V and S parameters of different bias conditions. The foundation impedance and harmonic impedance are matched simultaneously in the matching circuit based on the large signal model. The power amplifier efficiency is promoted, and the input and output matching circuit with the GaN chips are integrated in a 13 × 21 mm ceramic package. Using two 12 mm GaN transistors, the amplifier finally has the pulse output power of over 100 W and the linear gain of 8 dB across the band of 13 to 15 GHz, the efficiency is over 40% under the pulse drain bias voltage (Vds) of 32 V, and the duty is 10% with the pulse width of 100 microseconds. The results show that the character of realized amplifier is consistent with the simulation data information, which fully indicates the veracity of the developed model. And this is the first paper proposed of a 100 W power amplifier achieved in such a small package in Ku band.
Telocytes express ANO‐1‐encoded chloride channels in canine ventricular myocardium
Authors: DeSimone Christopher V. , McLeod Christopher J. , Gomez Pinilla Pedro J. , Beyder Arthur , Farrugia Gianrico , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Kapa Suraj 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionIt is unknown if ANO‐1 is expressed in the heart, though the presence of a calcium‐activated chloride current has been proposed to mediate some cardiac dysrhythmias. Furthermore, a specific cell type termed telocytes, morphologically mimicking Cajal cells which use ANO‐1 to modulate their pacemaker activity in the gut, have been described in the heart. We therefore sought to determine whether this channel is expressed in the canine heart.MethodsMyocardium was sampled from the ventricles of five canines. Sections were labeled with anti‐Kit and anti‐ANO‐1 antibodies. Slides were reviewed by four investigators looking at cell morphology, distribution, and co‐localization. Identification of telocytes was based on criteria including morphology, Kit positivity (+), and ANO‐1 positivity (+).ResultsClusters of cells meeting criteria for telocytes were seen in the epicardium, sub‐epicardium, and mid‐myocardium. A small subset of cells that were morphologically similar to myocytes was ANO‐1 (+) but Kit (−). In total, three different cell classes were found: (i) Kit (+), ANO‐1 (+) cells with the appearance of telocytes; (ii) Kit (+), ANO‐1 (−) cells; and (iii) Kit (−), ANO‐1 (+) cells with the morphologic appearance of cardiac myocytes.ConclusionsTelocytes are present in the canine ventricle and express ANO‐1. These data merit further study to elucidate the functional expression of these channels in the heart and whether they may be targets for cardiac arrhythmias.
Snow cover duration and extent for Great Britain in a changing climate: Altitudinal variations and synoptic‐scale influences
Authors: Brown Iain 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSnow cover is an important indicator of climate change but constraints on observational data quality can limit interpretation of spatial and temporal variability, especially in mountain areas. This issue was addressed using archived data from the Snow Survey of Great Britain to infer key climate relationships which were then used to reference larger‐scale patterns of change. Data analysis using nonlinear (logistic) regression showed average changes in yearly snow cover were strongly related to mean temperature rather than precipitation values. Inferred change shows long‐term decline in average yearly snow cover with greatest declines in some mountain areas, notably in northern England, that can be related to their position on the most temperature‐sensitive segment of the logistic curve. Further declines in snow cover were projected in the future: a central ensemble projection from HadRM3 climate model showed average yearly snow cover predominantly confined to Great Britain mountain areas by the 2050s. However, inter‐annual variability means some years can deviate significantly from average snow cover patterns. Site‐based analysis showed this variability has distinctive geographical variations and different influences for mountains compared to adjacent valleys. Comparison of inter‐annual variability with Lamb weather‐type frequency and North Atlantic Oscillation index shows the influence of large‐scale airflow patterns on snow cover duration. Most notable is the role of northwesterly and northerly flows in explaining snowy years on mountains exposed to that direction, compared to influence of easterly flows at lower levels. Future changes will therefore depend on dominant annual/decadal circulation patterns in addition to long‐term declines from climate warming.
A conceptually superior variant of Shepard's method with modified neighbourhood selection for precipitation interpolation
Authors: Yeggina Subash , Teegavarapu Ramesh S. V. , Muddu Sekhar 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe accuracy of gridded precipitation data depends on the availability of a uniformly spaced rain gauge network and an appropriate spatial interpolation method that considers the rainfall variability and other factors that influence the precipitation patterns in the region of interest. In the current study, conceptually superior variants of a widely used spatial interpolation algorithm, Shepard's method, are proposed, formulated and evaluated to overcome one of the major limitations in neighbourhood selection, that is, arbitrary selection of rain gauges. The variants provide mechanisms to objectively select the rain gauges (control points) based on correlation (variant 1), distribution similarity (variant 2) and a combination of both (variant 3). The improved variants were used in the development of gridded rainfall data at a resolution of 5 km over the Kabini River basin in south India, and in the state of Kentucky, United States. Results from multiple experiments using the original Shepard's method and its variants indicate improvements in the accuracy of precipitation estimates. Also, these variants have preserved the site‐specific statistics and distributional characteristics of the rainfall data. A variant 1 that uses a correlation‐based neighbourhood selection criterion performed better for daily and monthly data compared to others and is suitable for generation of gridded rainfall data. The variant 1 when used with information from clustering of sites for selection of the neighbours has led to improvement in gridded precipitation data estimates. The proposed variant 1 can also be used for point data estimation useful for filling missing data at any site.
Emergency department resilience to disaster‐level overcrowding: A component resilience framework for analysis and predictive modeling
Authors: Davis Zachary , Zobel Christopher W. , Khansa Lara , Glick Roger E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOvercrowding poses a serious challenge to the operations of health care facilities, especially those with a mandate to provide emergency care. A better understanding of emergency department (ED) performance during disaster‐level overcrowding is a key to increasing a facility's resilience, optimizing patient outcomes, and more effectively allocating resources. With this in mind, this study quantitatively examines the extent to which different factors contribute to the resilience of hospital EDs during disaster‐level overcrowding events. A modeling framework was developed in collaboration with the Carilion Clinic ED, a level one trauma center in Virginia. The testing and analysis of the approach is based on data from actual disaster‐level overcrowding events that occurred in the Spring of 2016. Results indicate that by considering not only the capacity for resisting such events but also the capacity for recovering from them more quickly, hospital decision makers can improve both their operational effectiveness and the patient experience. Furthermore, by using our framework to identify precipitating factors and predict severe overcrowding, hospital decision makers can implement changes to improve the future resilience of their ED to such overcrowding events.
Operational efficiency and patient‐centered health care: A view from online physician reviews
Authors: Ko Dong‐Gil , Mai Feng , Shan Zhe , Zhang Dawei 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOnline reviews are playing an increasingly important role in how patients select and evaluate health‐care providers. Physician rating websites not only act as open platforms for patients to share their experiences, but can also offer valuable feedback for physicians to improve the quality of care. In this study, we analyze over one million physician reviews across 17 medical specialties and investigate the relationship between operational efficiency and patient satisfaction. We combine econometrics models with text analytics techniques to quantify the effect using both patients' ratings of physicians and their qualitative review narratives. The results provide strong empirical evidence that operational inefficiency negatively influences patient satisfaction. Specifically, a waiting time longer than 17 min will, on average, reduce the odds of getting a high rating status by 14%. Though many health care ratings examined in this study do not mitigate the negative effects brought on by long waiting time, patient narratives reflecting the importance of technical and interpersonal qualities to patients suggest a more complex set of relationships between waiting time and patient satisfaction. Our study showcases the usefulness of online physician reviews and reveals unique insights for improving the delivery of patient‐centered health care.
Interest in orthodontic tooth alignment in adult patients affected by periodontitis: A questionnaire‐based cross‐sectional pilot study
Authors: Hirschfeld Josefine , Reichardt Elisabeth , Sharma Praveen , Hilber Anna , Meyer‐Marcotty Philipp , Stellzig‐Eisenhauer Angelika , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Sickel Franka E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundOrthodontic treatment can successfully align pathologically migrated teeth and lead to improvement of periodontal stability in patients with periodontitis. Periodontic‐orthodontic approaches have gained increasing attention in the past years. Here, we investigated the interest of adults affected by chronic periodontitis in undergoing orthodontic treatment as well as patient‐related and tooth‐related influence factors.MethodsPeriodontal and orthodontic measurements/indices were taken from 115 adult patients with moderate‐to‐severe periodontitis. The study participants answered a questionnaire investigating patient demographics, quality of life aspects, and their interest in undergoing orthodontic treatment. Correlations between clinical data, questionnaire responses, and this interest were analyzed by means of an age‐ and sex‐adjusted multiple regression model.ResultsTwo‐thirds of the participants were interested in orthodontic therapy and indicated long‐term healthy and esthetically appealing teeth as their main motives. A significant correlation was found between subjectively felt impaired dental esthetics and an interest in orthodontic treatment. However, there were no correlations with the severity of periodontitis, tooth alignment, or patient demographics, including sex. Older patients were significantly more often interested in orthodontic treatment. Most participants had never been provided with information about orthodontic treatment options for adults.ConclusionsA considerable number of adult patients with periodontitis were interested in orthodontics to improve tooth alignment. However, severity of periodontitis and tooth misalignment or demographic factors may not be indicative thereof. Therefore, dental practitioners need to be aware of patients wishing to align their teeth and to provide them with the relevant information and, if appropriate, enable interdisciplinary treatment planning.
Characterization of supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fiber for uses in multiplex CARS microspectroscopy
Authors: Falconieri Mauro , Marrocco Michele , Merla Caterina , Gagliardi Serena , Rondino Flaminia , Ghezelbash Mahsa 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCoherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) is a versatile technique for vibrational imaging that can be realized by a simple setup using a single femtosecond laser oscillator. For such a layout, supercontinuum generation in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is commonly used to produce a broadband Stokes beam in the so‐called multiplex CARS spectroscopy; accordingly, characterization of the supercontinuum beam is a necessary requirement to perform controlled experiments. In this paper, we first perform simulations and characterizations of the supercontinuum spectra produced by a PCF in conditions encountered in a typical single‐oscillator multiplex CARS setup. Good agreement between the experimental and simulated supercontinuum spectra is obtained in the whole emission band and for different PCF working conditions, by accurate choice of the simulation input parameters and by accounting for the input beam chirp in the numerical code. The influence of PCF working conditions on the CARS signal measured on a reference sample is also shown. To this regard, we also study the long‐term stability of the Stokes beam and of the associated CARS signal, using the Allan variance to determine a limit to the acquisition time in CARS measurements. We show that Stokes and CARS long‐term spectral fluctuations are on a timescale of some minutes in our setup, setting an indicative limit to the practical acquisition time for reliable CARS measurements. Based on this work, good control over the measurement of vibrational bands by CARS microscopy can be achieved in view of optimized performances in specific spectral bands.
Raman spectroscopy for the discrimination and quantification of fuel blends
Authors: Liu Zhe , Luo Ningning , Shi Jiulin , Zhang Yubao , Xie Chengfeng , Zhang Weiwei , Wang Hongpeng , He Xingdao , Chen Zhongping 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiodiesel is an alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels and reduce the environmental pollution. Adding biodiesel in fossil diesel can increase the oxygen content (from fatty acid) and promote fuel to be burned more quickly and thoroughly. However, the biodiesel content criterion of different countries was diverse from each other. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was used as a tool in classifying fuel blends and quantifying biodiesel contents. For classifying the fuel blends, principal component analysis (PCA) method was employed, where 87.22% of spectral variation was characterized by the first two components PCA scores shows a clear discrimination between the pure fuels and mixture fuels. Meanwhile, for identifying and quantifying the blends of diesel and biodiesel, Raman spectroscopy analysis based on partial least squares (PLS) regression was conducted. Biodiesel mainly present three characteristic Raman regions corresponding to the spectroscopy of diesel. The C─H Raman region presents the better quantitative capacity than the C═C and C═O spectral regions. And the PLS regression built from C─H Raman spectral region in quantifying biodiesel contents presents a higher correlation coefficient and lower root mean square error for prediction. Furthermore, employing only C─H Raman region coupled with PLS regression for predicting concentration of biodiesel can reduce an order of magnitude of root mean square error compared with using three characteristic Raman spectral regions together. Our result show that Raman spectroscopy combined with PCA and PLS can identify fuels and biofuels for discrimination and quantitation.
Differentiation of avocados according to their botanical variety using liquid chromatographic fingerprinting and multivariate classification tree
Authors: Martín‐Torres Sandra , Jiménez‐Carvelo Ana M , González‐Casado Antonio , Cuadros‐Rodríguez Luis 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe oil content, composition and marketing threshold value of an avocado depends on the cultivar hence, identifying the cultivar of the avocado fruit is desirable. However, analytical methods have not been reported with this aim.ResultsA multivariate classification tree method was proposed to discriminate three commercial botanical varieties of avocado: Hass, Fuerte and Bacon, using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to a charged aerosol detector (HPLC‐CAD). Prior to the chromatographic analysis the avocados were lyophilized and then the oil fraction was extracted using a pressurized liquid extraction system. Normal and reverse phase liquid chromatography were applied in order to obtain the chromatographic fingerprint for each sample.Soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA) and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) were applied. Classification quality metrics were determined to evaluate the performance of the classification. Several strategies to develop the classification models were employed. Finally, the useful application of ‘classification trees’ methodology, which has been scarcely applied in the field of analytical food control, was evaluated to perform a multiclass classification.ConclusionDiscrimination of the three botanical varieties was achieved. The best classification was obtained when the PLS‐DA is applied on the normal‐phase chromatographic fingerprints. Classification trees are showed to be useful tools that provide complementary information to single concatenated models showing different results from the same prediction sample set. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved structure‐stability and packaging characters of crosslinked collagen fiber‐based film with casein, keratin and SPI
Authors: Wu Xiaomeng , Luo Yanghe , Liu Qi , Jiang Shujuan , Mu Guangqing 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundTo improve the structure‐stability and packing characters of collagen fiber, we manufactured crosslinked collagen fiber (CColF)‐based edible films using transglutaminase (TGase). Then we made a comparison on structure‐stability and packing characteristics among the CColF‐based films loaded with casein (CN), keratin (KRT) and soy protein isolate (SPI), respectively.ResultsObserved from scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the CColF loaded with CN, KRT and SPI showed some unique morphology of the additional proteins. The CColF–protein films performed better packing characteristics including barrier properties, mechanical properties and thermal‐stability properties, compared with CColF films. Importantly, with 500 g kg−1CN (of CColF) addition, CColF‐based films possessed a greater thermal stability than the other films judged from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Meanwhile, the CColF loaded with 100 g kg−1CN provided a higher value of tensile strength (TS) and the CColF loaded with 100 g kg−1KRT showed a higher value in elongation‐at‐break (EAB) than the other films.ConclusionIn conclusion, the collagen fiber‐based edible films with better structure‐stability and packing characteristics for food packaging was obtained which could be an advantage to promote the development of the application of collagen in packing products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry