bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologies Transformation of BODIPY‐Based Main Chain Supramolecular Polymers Amphiphiles: From Helical Nanowires to Nanosheets
Authors: Zhou Liang‐Liang , Chen Jia‐Yi , Li Xing‐Yu , Li Hang , Wang Huan , Wang De‐Gao , Kuang Gui‐Chao 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe aggregate morphologies of 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) main chain supramolecular polymer amphiphiles (SPA) are tunable by a fine balance of different non‐covalent interactions. When the BODIPY segments and sodium cholate are mixed in aqueous solution, they form SPA by electrostatic attraction and hydrogen‐bonds. This SPA displays helical nanowires' morphology. After the third component dimeric β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD‐C) is added, the hydrogen bonds between the cholate are substituted by the host–guest interaction between cholate and β‐CD‐C. Therefore, these SPA transform their aggregate morphologies into nanosheets' architecture. Therefore, a simple and effective way to regulate self‐assembly by non‐covalent forces is developed. This supramolecular method may provide an effective way to prepare various nanostructures in aqueous solution and show promising application in the future.
Brain Trauma Disrupts Hepatic Lipid Metabolism: Blame It on Fructose?
Authors: Rege Shraddha D. , Royes Luiz , Tsai Brandon , Zhang Guanglin , Yang Xia , Gomez‐Pinilla Fernando 
Published: May 2019

ScopeThe action of brain disorders on peripheral metabolism is poorly understood. The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on peripheral organ function and how TBI effects can be influenced by the metabolic perturbation elicited by fructose ingestion are studied.Methods and ResultsIt is found that TBI affects glucose metabolism and signaling proteins for insulin and growth hormone in the liver; these effects are exacerbated by fructose ingestion. Fructose, principally metabolized in the liver, potentiates the action of TBI on hepatic lipid droplet accumulation. Studies in isolated cultured hepatocytes identify GH and fructose as factors for the synthesis of lipids. The liver has a major role in the synthesis of lipids used for brain function and repair. TBI results in differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus, primarily associated with lipid metabolism, providing cues to understand central control of peripheral alterations. Fructose‐fed TBI animals have elevated levels of markers of inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and cell energy metabolism, suggesting the pro‐inflammatory impact of TBI and fructose in the liver.ConclusionResults reveal the impact of TBI on systemic metabolism and the aggravating action of fructose. The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐growth axis seems to play a major role in the regulation of the peripheral TBI pathology.
Magnetic resonance elastography of the lungs: A repeatability and reproducibility study
Authors: Fakhouri Faisal , Dong Huiming , Kolipaka Arunark 
Published: May 2019

Lung diseases are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, from which four million people die annually. Lung diseases are associated with changes in the mechanical properties of the lungs. Several studies have shown the feasibility of using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to quantify the lungs' shear stiffness. The aim of this study is to investigate the reproducibility and repeatability of lung MRE, and its shear stiffness measurements, obtained using a modified spin echo‐echo planar imaging (SE‐EPI) MRE sequence.In this study, 21 healthy volunteers were scanned twice by repositioning the volunteers to image right lung both at residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) to assess the reproducibility of lung shear stiffness measurements. Additionally, 19 out of the 21 volunteers were scanned immediately without moving the volunteers to test the repeatability of the modified SE‐EPI MRE sequence. A paired t‐test was performed to determine the significant difference between stiffness measurements obtained at RV and TLC. Concordance correlation and Bland–Altman's analysis were performed to determine the reproducibility and repeatability of the SE‐EPI MRE‐derived shear stiffness measurements.The SE‐EPI MRE sequence is highly repeatable with a concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) of 0.95 at RV and 0.96 at TLC. Similarly, the stiffness measurements obtained across all volunteers were highly reproducible with a CCC of 0.95 at RV and 0.92 at TLC. The mean shear stiffness of the lung at RV was 0.93 ± 0.22 kPa and at TLC was 1.41 ± 0.41 kPa. TLC showed a significantly higher mean shear stiffness (P = 0.0004) compared with RV.Lung MRE stiffness measurements obtained using the SE‐EPI sequence were reproducible and repeatable, both at RV and TLC. Lung shear stiffness changes across respiratory cycle with significantly higher stiffness at TLC than RV.
Numerical solution of the Rosenau–KdV–RLW equation by operator splitting techniques based on B‐spline collocation method
Authors: Özer Sibel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present study, the operator splitting techniques based on the quintic B‐spline collocation finite element method are presented for calculating the numerical solutions of the Rosenau–KdV–RLW equation. Two test problems having exact solutions have been considered. To demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the present methods, the error norms L2 and L∞ with the discrete mass Q and energy E conservative properties have been calculated. The results obtained by the method have been compared with the exact solution of each problem and other numerical results in the literature, and also found to be in good agreement with each other. A Fourier stability analysis of each presented method is also investigated.
Synthesis of Energetic Complexes [Co(en)(H2BTI)2]2 ⋅ en, [Cu2(en)2(HBTI)2]2 and Catalytic Study on Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Liu Jianchao , Qiu Hao , Han Jimin , Yang Li 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA nitrogen‐rich compound 4,5‐bis(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)‐1H‐imidazole (H3BTI) with high energy density has been reported as ligand to make metal‐organic energetic catalysts to improve the energy of catalysts for the first time. The high energetic catalysts [Co(en)(H2BTI)2]2 ⋅ en and [Cu2(en)2(HBTI)2]2 were successfully synthesized and the structures of the complexes were confirmed by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction. The catalytic effects of complexes on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) have been investigated separately by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC results show that the AP can be completely decomposed at the temperature of 333.7 °C and 336.1 °C, respectively, which indicates that the pristine “two‐step” thermal decomposition of AP was transformed to a “one step” route upon addition of the copper catalysts. Besides the excellent catalytic performance of AP decomposition, the high energetic ligand HnBTI can also release a large number of heats in the decomposition process, which can significantly enhance the total released heat of the mixture of AP.
Physiological and molecular analysis of glyphosate resistance in non‐rapid response Ambrosia trifida from Wisconsin
Authors: Wilson Courtney E , Takano Hudson K , Van Horn Christopher R , Yerka Melinda K , Westra Philip , Stoltenberg David E 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe previously identified a glyphosate‐resistant A. trifida phenotype from Wisconsin USA that showed a non‐rapid response to glyphosate. The mechanism of glyphosate resistance in this phenotype has yet to be elucidated. We conducted experiments to investigate non‐target‐site resistance and target‐site resistance mechanisms. The roles of glyphosate absorption, translocation, and metabolism in resistance of this phenotype have not been reported previously, nor have EPSPS protein abundance or mutations to the full‐length sequence of EPSPS.RESULTSWhole‐plant dose–response results confirmed a 6.5‐level of glyphosate resistance for the resistant (R) phenotype compared to a susceptible (S) phenotype. Absorption and translocation of 14C‐glyphosate were similar between R and S phenotypes over 72 h. Glyphosate and AMPA concentrations in leaf tissue did not differ between R and S phenotypes over 96 h. In vivo shikimate leaf disc assays confirmed that glyphosate EC50 values were 4.6‐ to 5.4‐fold greater for the R than S phenotype. Shikimate accumulation was similar between phenotypes at high glyphosate concentrations (>1000 μM), suggesting that glyphosate entered chloroplasts and inhibited EPSPS. This finding was supported by results showing that EPSPS copy number and EPSPS protein abundance did not differ between R and S phenotypes, nor did EPSPS sequence at Gly101, Thr102, and Pro106 positions. Comparison of full‐length EPSPS sequences found five nonsynonymous polymorphisms that differed between R and S phenotypes. However, their locations were distant from the glyphosate target site and, therefore, not likely to affect enzyme‐glyphosate interaction.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that a novel mechanism confers glyphosate resistance in this A. trifida phenotype. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Detecting the process changes for multivariate nonlinear profile data
Authors: Pan Jeh‐Nan , Li Chung‐I , Lu Meng Zhe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn profile monitoring for a multivariate manufacturing process, the functional relationship of the multivariate profiles rarely occurs in linear form, and the real data usually do not follow a multivariate normal distribution. Thus, in this paper, the functional relationship of multivariate nonlinear profile data is described via a nonparametric regression model. We first fit the multivariate nonlinear profile data and obtain the reference profiles through support vector regression (SVR) model. The differences between the observed multivariate nonlinear profiles and the reference profiles are used to calculate the vector of metrics. Then, a nonparametric revised spatial rank exponential weighted moving average (RSREWMA) control chart is proposed in the phase II monitoring.Moreover, a simulation study is conducted to evaluate the detecting performance of our proposed nonparametric RSREWMA control chart under various process shifts using out‐of‐control average run length (ARL1). The simulation results indicate that the SREWMA control chart coupled with the metric of mean absolute deviation (MAD) can be used to monitor the multivariate nonlinear profile data when a common fixed design (CFD) is not applicable in the phase II study. Finally, a realistic multivariate nonlinear profile example is used to demonstrate the usefulness of our proposed RSREWMA control chart and its monitoring schemes.
Electronic structural studies of pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquids for electrochemical application
Authors: Asha Suseeladevi , Vijayalakshmi Kunduchi Periya , George Benny K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElectrochemical stability and noncovalent interactions escorting the cyclic ammonium‐based ionic liquids composed of N‐alkyl‐substituted N‐methyl pyrrolidinium (Pyr1R) (R = methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl) cations and four anions hexafluorophosphate (PF6), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl‐imide (TFSI), and trifluoromethane sulfonate (TFO) have been analyzed using the density functional theory. Electronic structures, electrochemical window, frontier orbital energy difference (HOMO‐LUMO gap), binding energies, vibrational spectra of these ion pairs were characterized. It has been established that ion pair formation is largely reigned by CH⋯F interactions between anionic fluorine for BF4− and PF6− anions and CH⋯O interactions between anionic oxygen for TFSI and TFO anions and pyrrolidinic proton, methyl, or alkyl group protons of the cations. The effect of alkyl chain length and pairing anions of the alkyl substituted N‐methyl pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquids on the electrochemical window was investigated. The results revealed that the HOMO energy of pairing anions is the key factor to decide the electrochemical window. Further quantification of noncovalent interactions in terms of electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions has been brought out employing a novel method with the aid of Mulliken and Merz‐Singh‐Kollman charges, prevailed in pyrrolidinium‐based ionic liquids.
Structural design of a positioning spherical parallel manipulator to be utilized in brain biopsy
Authors: Gezgin Erkin , Özbek Seda , Güzin Didem , Ağbaş Ozan Emre , Gezer Emin Burak 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundDuring the last decades, there has been a great increase in the usage of robotic systems during surgeries in order to reach increased operational precision, reduced operation times, enhanced recovery periods, low infection risks, and limited scar formations for aesthetic reasons. In light of this, the current study focuses on the field of robotic surgery by introducing the kinematic structure of the precise robotic positioning manipulator for brain biopsy.MethodologyThroughout the study, two degrees of freedom spherical parallel robot manipulator was proposed in order to position brain biopsy needle precisely during the brain biopsy operation on the target workspace.ResultsDirect and inverse kinematics of the manipulator were carried out parametrically by using quaternion algebra. The prototype of the manipulator was manufactured by rapid prototyping for hardware verification.ConclusionsHardware verification of the manufactured prototype was completed distinctly by using motion capture cameras and manufactured mock‐up setup that mimics tumour locations inside the brain. Successful verification results in terms of precision were achieved.
Partitioning of time trends in prevalence and mortality of lung cancer
Authors: Akushevich Igor , Kravchenko Julia , Yashkin Arseniy P. , Fang Fang , Yashin Anatoliy I. 
Published: May 2019

Background: Time trends of lung cancer prevalence and mortality are the result of three competing processes: changes in the incidence rate, stage‐specific survival, and ascertainment at early stages. Improvements in these measures act concordantly to improve disease‐related mortality, but push the prevalence rate in opposite directions making a qualitative interpretation difficult. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the relative contributions of these components to changes in lung cancer prevalence and mortality.Methods: Partitioning of prevalence and mortality trends into their components using SEER data for 1973‐2013.Results: The prevalence of lung cancer increases for females and decreases for males. In 1998, the former was due to increased incidence (45%‐50% of total trend), improved survival (40%‐45%), and increased ascertainment at early stages (10%‐15%). In males, a rapidly declining incidence rate overpowered the effects of survival and ascertainment resulting in an overall decrease in prevalence over time. Trends in lung cancer mortality are determined by incidence during 1993‐2002 with noticeable contribution of survival after 2002.Conclusion: Lung cancer incidence was the main driving force behind trends in prevalence and mortality. Improved survival played essential role from 2000 onwards. Trends in stage ascertainment played a small but adverse role. Our results suggest that further improvement in lung cancer mortality can be achieved through advances in early stage ascertainment, especially for males, and that in spite of success in treatment, adenocarcinoma continues to exhibit adverse trends (especially in female incidence) and its role among other histology‐specific lung cancers will increase in the near future.
Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene‐Encapsulated Nickel–Copper Alloy Nanoflower for Highly Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Liu Bin , Peng Hui‐Qing , Cheng Junye , Zhang Kui , Chen Da , Shen Dong , Wu Shuilin , Jiao Tianpeng , Kong Xin , Gao Qili , Bu Shuyu , Lee Chun‐Sing , Zhang Wenjun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDevelopment of high‐performance and low‐cost nonprecious metal electrocatalysts is critical for eco‐friendly hydrogen production through electrolysis. Herein, a novel nanoflower‐like electrocatalyst comprising few‐layer nitrogen‐doped graphene‐encapsulated nickel–copper alloy directly on a porous nitrogen‐doped graphic carbon framework (denoted as Nix
Cuy
@ NG‐NC) is successfully synthesized using a facile and scalable method through calcinating the carbon, copper, and nickel hydroxy carbonate composite under inert atmosphere. The introduction of Cu can effectively modulate the morphologies and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Moreover, the calcination temperature is an important factor to tune the thickness of graphene layers of the Nix
Cuy
@ NG‐NC composites and the associated electrocatalytic performance. Due to the collective effects including unique porous flowered architecture and the synergetic effect between the bimetallic alloy core and graphene shell, the Ni3Cu1@ NG‐NC electrocatalyst obtained under optimized conditions exhibits highly efficient and ultrastable activity toward HER in harsh environments, i.e., a low overpotential of 122 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a low Tafel slope of 84.2 mV dec−1 in alkaline media, and a low overpotential of 95 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a low Tafel slope of 77.1 mV dec−1 in acidic electrolyte.
How Hard Should the Books Be in Small‐Group Reading? It Depends
Authors: Kelly Laura Beth 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTeachers balance many goals when selecting texts for small‐group reading. The author explored the impact of one variable that teachers consider, quantitative text difficulty, on students’ participation, discussion, comprehension, and fluency in small‐group discussions of informational science texts. Six bilingual third graders identified as reading below grade level participated. Students’ comprehension scores were the same for matched and difficult texts. Matched texts benefited three students in terms of fluency and two students in terms of participation. Difficult texts benefited three students in developing conversations around print and ideas (rather than focusing on pictures) and in having more inferential (rather than merely literal) talk. Different levels of text had drawbacks and advantages, and the findings encourage teachers to use both matched and difficult texts at different times and for different instructional purposes.
“She's Not Going to Tell You What to Ask”: Three Strategies for Writing in Science
Authors: Lammert Catherine , Riordan Emily 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTeachers everywhere are embracing the challenge of conveying differences in literacy practices across fields of study. However, whereas disciplinary literacy and inquiry approaches are expanding in popularity at the secondary level, few resources exist for teaching discipline‐specific writing in the elementary grades. The authors describe three lessons that emphasize the importance and process of writing in science, from generating questions and hypothesizing to reporting and sharing findings. The authors show how students can write to think like scientists, generate researchable science questions, and use tools such as inquiry charts to organize their writing in discipline‐specific ways.
A new anchor word selection method for the separable topic discovery
Authors: He Kun , Wang Wu , Wang Xiaosen , Hopcroft John E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeparable nonnegative matrix factorization (SNMF) is an important method for topic modeling, where “separable” assumes every topic contains at least one anchor word, defined as a word that has non‐zero probability only on that topic. SNMF focuses on the word co‐occurrence patterns to reveal topics by two steps: anchor word selection and topic recovery. The quality of the anchor words strongly influences the quality of the extracted topics. Existing anchor word selection algorithm is to greedily find an approximate convex hull in a high‐dimensional word co‐occurrence space. In this work, we propose a new method for the anchor word selection by associating the word co‐occurrence probability with the words similarity and assuming that the most different words on semantic are potential candidates for the anchor words. Therefore, if the similarity of a word‐pair is very low, the two words are very likely to be the anchor words. According to the statistical information of text corpora, we can get the similarity of all word‐pairs. We build the word similarity graph where the nodes correspond to words and weights on edges stand for the word‐pair similarity. Following this way, we design a greedy method to find a minimum edge‐weight anchor clique of a given size in the graph for the anchor word selection. Extensive experiments on real‐world corpus demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed anchor word selection method that outperforms the common convex hull‐based methods on the revealed topic quality. Meanwhile, our method is much faster than typical SNMF‐based method.This article is categorized under:
Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Rural Livelihood Challenges: Moving out of Agriculture
Authors: Pingali Prabhu , Aiyar Anaka , Abraham Mathew , Rahman Andaleeb 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this chapter, we deliberate upon the role of the non-farm sector in the food systems. We argue that livelihood diversification in rural India would lead to an overall economy-wide increase in productivity, and facilitate swifter structural transformation and poverty reduction. We highlight the role of the non-farm sector for job creation in rural areas, especially along the rural-urban continuum for structural transformation to take place. Policy has not yet leveraged the potential of small towns and the peri-urban spaces as a means to create new job opportunities. We focus on these blurring of the rural-urban distinction which provide an opportunity to diversify the portfolio of economic opportunities available to rural households, thereby enabling greater rural income and improved access to food and nutrition.
Exact solution of the sp(4) integrable spin chain with generic boundaries
Authors: Li Guang-Liang , Cao Junpeng , Xue Panpan , Xin Zhi-Rong , Hao Kun , Yang Wen-Li , Shi Kangjie , Wang Yupeng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method is generalized to the integrable model associated with thesp(4) (orC2) Lie algebra. By using the fusion technique, we obtain the complete operator product identities among the fused transfer matrices. These relations, together with some asymptotic behaviors and values of the transfer matrices at certain points, enable us to determine the eigenvalues of the transfer matrices completely. For the periodic boundary condition case, we recover the sameT−Qrelations obtained via conventional Bethe ansatz methods previously, while for the off-diagonal boundary condition case, the eigenvalues are given in terms of inhomogeneousT−Qrelations, which could not be obtained by the conventional Bethe ansatz methods. The method developed in this paper can be directly generalized to genericsp(2n) (i.e.,Cn) integrable model.