bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel findings from 2,838 Adult Brains on Sex Differences in Gray Matter Brain Volume
Authors: Lotze Martin , Domin Martin , Gerlach Florian H. , Gaser Christian , Lueders Eileen , Schmidt Carsten O. , Neumann Nicola 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThere is still disagreement among studies with respect to the magnitude, location, and direction of sex differences of local gray matter volume (GMV) in the human brain. Here, we applied a state-of-the-art technique examining GMV in a well-powered sample (n = 2,838) validating effects in two independent general-population cohorts, age range 21–90 years, measured using the same MRI scanner. More GMV in women than in men was prominent in medial and lateral prefrontal areas, the superior temporal sulcus, the posterior insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. In contrast, more GMV in men than in women was detected in subcortical temporal structures, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, temporal pole, fusiform gyrus, visual primary cortex, and motor areas (premotor cortex, putamen, anterior cerebellum). The findings in this large-scale study may clarify previous inconsistencies and contribute to the understanding of sex-specific differences in cognition and behavior.
School-level electronic cigarette use prevalence and student-level tobacco use intention and behaviours
Authors: Chen Jianjiu , Ho Sai Yin , Leung Lok Tung , Wang Man Ping , Lam Tai Hing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevalent electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use in schools may undermine tobacco denormalisation, and thus increase tobacco use in students. We investigated the associations of school-level e-cigarette use prevalence with student-level intention and behaviours related to e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and other tobacco products. In a 2014-15 school-based cross-sectional survey of 41035 secondary school students (grade 7–12; age 11–18 years) in Hong Kong, information was collected on the use of e-cigarettes, cigarettes, and non-cigarette tobacco products (NCTPs), susceptibility to e-cigarette and cigarette use, intention to quit cigarette smoking, and sociodemographic characteristics. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of e-cigarette use susceptibility in relation to high (vs low) school-level e-cigarette use prevalence was 1.40 (95% CI 1.05–1.87) in never e-cigarette users. The AORs of cigarette smoking susceptibility in relation to medium and high (vs low) school-level e-cigarette use prevalence were 1.24 (1.01–1.52) and 1.34 (1.02–1.75), respectively, in never cigarette smokers. School-level e-cigarette use prevalence was associated with ever and past 30-day cigarette smoking, but not with intention to quit (in past 30-day cigarette smokers) or past 30-day NCTP use. The findings highlight the importance of strictly banning e-cigarettes in schools, and add to the evidence that prevalent e-cigarette use in adolescents may increase cigarette smoking prevalence.
Integrator is a key component of human telomerase RNA biogenesis
Authors: Rubtsova M. P. , Vasilkova D. P. , Moshareva M. A. , Malyavko A. N. , Meerson M. B. , Zatsepin T. S. , Naraykina Y. V. , Beletsky A. V. , Ravin N. V. , Dontsova O. A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTelomeres are special DNA-protein structures that are located at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. The telomere length determines the proliferation potential of cells. Telomerase is a key component of the telomere length maintenance system. While telomerase is inactive in the majority of somatic cells, its activity determines the clonogenic potential of stem cells as a resource for tissue and organism regeneration. Reactivation of telomerase occurs during the process of immortalization in the majority of cancer cells. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that contains telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA components. The RNA processing mechanism of telomerase involves exosome trimming or degradation of the primary precursor. Recent data provide evidence that the competition between the processing and decay of telomerase RNA may regulate the amount of RNA at the physiological level. We show that termination of human telomerase RNA transcription is dependent on its promoter, which engages with the multisubunit complex Integrator to interact with RNA polymerase II and terminate transcription of the human telomerase RNA gene followed by further processing.
Studies of Multiferroic Palladium Perovskites
Authors: Pradhan Dhiren K. , Mishra Ajay K. , Kumari Shalini , Basu Abhisek , Somayazulu Maddury , Gradauskaite Elzbieta , Smith Rebecca M. , Gardner Jonathan , Turner P. W. , N’Diaye Alpha T. , Holcomb M. B. , Katiyar Ram S. , Zhou Peng , Srinivasan Gopalan , Gregg J. M. , Scott J. F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe have studied the atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray Bragg reflections, X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) of the Pd L-edge, Scanning electron microscopey (SEM) and Raman spectra, and direct magnetoelectric tensor of Pd-substituted lead titanate and lead zirconate-titanate. A primary aim is to determine the percentage of Pd+4 and Pd+2 substitutional at the Ti-sites (we find that it is almost fully substitutional). The atomic force microscopy data uniquely reveal a surprise: both threefold vertical (polarized out-of-plane) and fourfold in-plane domain vertices. This is discussed in terms of the general rules for Voronoi patterns (Dirichlet tessellations) in two and three dimensions. At high pressures Raman soft modes are observed, as in pure lead titanate, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates a nearly second-order displacive phase transition. However, two or three transitions are involved: First, there are anomalies in c/a ratio and Raman spectra at low pressures (P = 1 − 2 GPa); and second, the c/a ratio reaches unity at ca. P = 10 GPa, where a monoclinic (Mc) but metrically cubic transition occurs from the ambient tetragonal P4 mm structure in pure PbTiO3; whereas the Raman lines (forbidden in the cubic phase) remain until ca. 17 GPa, where a monoclinic-cubic transition is known in lead titanate.
Neuronal plasticity affects correlation between the size of dendritic spine and its postsynaptic density
Authors: Borczyk Malgorzata , Śliwińska Małgorzata Alicja , Caly Anna , Bernas Tytus , Radwanska Kasia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractStructural plasticity of dendritic spines is thought to underlie memory formation. Size of a dendritic spine is considered proportional to the size of its postsynaptic density (PSD), number of glutamate receptors and synaptic strength. However, whether this correlation is true for all dendritic spine volumes, and remains stable during synaptic plasticity, is largely unknown. In this study, we take advantage of 3D electron microscopy and reconstruct dendritic spines and cores of PSDs from the stratum radiatum of the area CA1 of organotypic hippocampal slices. We observe that approximately 1/3 of dendritic spines, in a range of medium sizes, fail to reach significant correlation between dendritic spine volume and PSD surface area or PSD-core volume. During NMDA receptor-dependent chemical long-term potentiation (NMDAR-cLTP) dendritic spines and their PSD not only grow, but also PSD area and PSD-core volume to spine volume ratio is increased, and the correlation between the sizes of these two is tightened. Further analysis specified that only spines that contain smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) grow during cLTP, while PSD-cores grow irrespectively of the presence of SER in the spine. Dendritic spines with SER also show higher correlation of the volumetric parameters than spines without SER, and this correlation is further increased during cLTP only in the spines that contain SER. Overall, we found that correlation between PSD surface area and spine volume is not consistent across all spine volumes, is modified and tightened during synaptic plasticity and regulated by SER.
Genome wide analysis of W-box element in Arabidopsis thaliana reveals TGAC motif with genes down regulated by heat and salinity
Authors: Dhatterwal Pinky , Basu Samyadeep , Mehrotra Sandhya , Mehrotra Rajesh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo design, synthetic promoters leading to stress-specific induction of a transgene, the study of cis-regulatory elements is of great importance. Cis-regulatory elements play a major role in regulating the gene expression spatially and temporally at the transcriptional level. The present work focuses on one of the important cis-regulatory element, W-box having TGAC as a core motif which serves as a binding site for the members of the WRKY transcription factor family. In the present study, we have analyzed the occurrence frequency of TGAC core motifs for varying spacer lengths (ranging from 0 to 30 base pairs) across the Arabidopsis thaliana genome in order to determine the biological and functional significance of these conserved sequences. Further, the available microarray data was used to determine the role of TGAC motif in abiotic stresses namely salinity, osmolarity and heat. It was observed that TGAC motifs with spacer sequences like TGACCCATTTTGAC and TGACCCATGAATTTTGAC had a significant deviation in frequency and were thought to be favored for transcriptional bindings. The microarray data analysis revealed the involvement of TGAC motif mainly with genes down-regulated under abiotic stress conditions. These results were further confirmed by the transient expression studies with promoter-reporter cassettes carrying TGAC and TGAC-ACGT variant motifs with spacer lengths of 5 and 10.
SAA1 gene polymorphisms in osteoporosis patients
Authors: Zhou Xindie , Li Jin , Jiang Lifeng , Zhou Dong , Wu Lidong , Huang Yong , Xu Nanwei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Background: Serum amyloid A (SAA1) is an apolipoprotein that maintains glucose and lipid homeostasis. Its polymorphisms are associated with risks of myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: However, little is known about the associations of these polymorphisms with susceptibility to osteoporosis, which we evaluated in this hospital-based case–control study involving 300 osteoporosis patients and 350 controls. Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs183978373, rs12218, and rs10832915) were genotyped using MALDI TOF MS. Results: There were no differences in the rs183978373 and rs12218 polymorphisms between the osteoporosis group and controls. The SAA1 gene rs10832915 polymorphism increased the risk of osteoporosis in our Chinese population. The genotypes of the rs10832915 polymorphism were not significantly associated with clinical parameters (age, body mass index (BMI), high- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and T-score). Haplotype analysis revealed that the ATT haplotype had a significant correlation with a decreased risk of osteoporosis. Conclusion: In conclusion, the SAA1 rs10832915 polymorphism and its haplotypes are associated with osteoporosis, but this finding should be confirmed in large well-designed studies.
What Our Hands Tell Us: A Two-Year Follow-Up Investigating Outcomes in Subgroups of Children With Language Delay
Authors: O'Neill Hilary , Murphy Carol-Anne , Chiat Shula 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
This study followed up children identified with expressive language delay (ELD) or receptive/expressive language delay (R/ELD) at 2 years of age, Time 1 (T1), in order to identify their language profiles at 4–5 years, Time 2 (T2), and explore relationships to T1 language, gesture use, and symbolic comprehension.

Method
Nineteen of 22 children were seen at follow-up (9 of 10 from R/ELD group, 10 of 12 from ELD group). T1 measures assessed receptive and expressive language, gesture use, and symbolic comprehension. At T2, we assessed receptive and expressive language, sentence repetition, and expressive phonology.

Results
Outcomes for the R/ELD group were significantly poorer, with all children continuing to have delay in receptive and/or expressive language compared to just 20% of the ELD group. Expressive phonology delay was common in both groups. T1 receptive language showed the most pervasive correlations with T2 language measures, but categorical performance on all three T1 measures correctly predicted language outcomes in 16–17 of the 19 children.

Conclusion
Findings add to evidence that receptive language is a strong predictor of outcomes. Gesture use and symbolic comprehension are also strong predictors and clinically valuable as part of play-based assessments with implications for theoretical understanding and intervention planning.
Building a Successful Voice Telepractice Program
Authors: Grillo Elizabeth U. 
Published: February 2019

PurposeTelepractice offers prevention, assessment, treatment, and consultation at a distance. This article provides an overview of telepractice with specific considerations and examples related to voice across licensure requirements, state and federal laws, reimbursement, documentation, and telepractice methods.ConclusionAs technology continues to advance and as client demand for telepractice services increases, practitioners need to create successful telepractice programs.Supplemental Materialhttps://doi.org/10.23641/asha.7645286
Contact Lenses in the Management of Corneal Dystrophies
Authors: Farooq Asim Visal , Colby Kathryn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAmong the group of diseases comprising corneal dystrophies, there are a number for which contact lenses may be considered. For example, soft contact lenses may be beneficial in the management of recurrent corneal erosions and advanced bullous keratopathy and may lead to disease attenuation in some conditions. They also may be used in conjunction with surgical procedures to promote tissue healing and patient comfort in the postoperative period. Rigid contact lenses may be beneficial in the setting of irregular astigmatism. The present review of the literature will discuss the use of contact lenses in the management of corneal dystrophies.
Trabekulektomie mit Kollagen-Matrix-Implantat als Bevacizumabdepot: klinische Ergebnisse zur Effektivität und Sicherheit
Authors: Lommatzsch Claudia , Heinz Carsten , Rothaus Kai , Koch Jörg M. 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Trabekulektomie zur operativen Augeninnendrucksenkung ist ein etabliertes Verfahren, das seine Limitationen vor allem in der postoperativen Wundheilung hat. Verschiedene Antimetabolite werden bereits standardmäßig zur Vermeidung der postoperativen subkonjunktivalen Vernarbungsreaktion verwendet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde verglichen, ob die Kombination eines Ologen-Implantates mit Bevacizumab die Erfolgsrate und/oder Komplikationsrate im Rahmen einer Trabekulektomie verändern kann.
Methoden In einer monozentrischen retrospektiven Studie wurden 3 Patientengruppen ausgewertet, bei denen eine Trabekulektomie (TE) mit Mitomycin C (MMC) erfolgte, entweder solitär (Gruppe 1) oder in Kombination mit einem Ologen-Implantat (Gruppe 2) oder mit einem Ologen-Implantat mit Eingabe von Bevacizumab (Gruppe 3). Ausgewertet wurden die Erfolgs- und Misserfolgsrate, der Tensioverlauf, postoperative Komplikationen und die Notwendigkeit von postoperativen erneuten Eingriffen zur Druckregulation. Die Nachbeobachtung betrug für alle Augen 12 Monate.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 130 Augen von 130 Patienten im mittleren Alter 67,74 ± 12,16 Jahren operiert. Präoperativ lag die Anzahl der lokal applizierten drucksenkenden Substanzen bei 2,89 ± 0,98 und der Augeninnendruck (IOD) bei 21,74 ± 5,49 mmHg. Zwölf Monate postoperativ lag die mittlere Tensio bei 13,14 ± 3,71 mmHg. Die höchste absolute Erfolgsrate (= IOD ≤ 15 mmHg ohne antiglaukomatöse Medikation) konnte in der Gruppe erreicht werden, die ausschließlich eine Goniotrepanation + MMC erhalten haben (72,5%), gefolgt von der Gruppe mit Ologen (67,5%) und Ologen + Bevacizumab (63,6%). Die höchste Misserfolgsrate (= IOD > 15 mmHg) hatte die Ologen-Bevacizumab-Gruppe (17,3%), gefolgt von der reinen Ologen-Gruppe mit 22,5% und der reinen Trabekulektomiegruppe (12,3%). Sowohl bei der Erfolgs- als auch der Misserfolgsrate ergab sich jedoch kein signifikanter Unterschied. In keiner Gruppe traten schwerwiegende intra- oder postoperative Komplikationen auf. Die Anzahl der Notwendigkeit einer Lockerung des Traktionsfadens war in der alleinigen Ologen-Gruppe signifikant niedriger (p = 0,02). Im Weiteren gab es keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen im Hinblick auf Folgeeingriffe.
Schlussfolgerung Die Verwendung von Ologen als Medikamentendepot für Bevacizumab im Rahmen einer TE mit MMC ist eine sichere und effektive operative Methode ohne erhöhtes Komplikationspotenzial im Vergleich zu einer reinen TE mit MMC oder einer TE mit MMC und Ologen-Implantat. Es zeigt sich im postoperativen Verlauf nach 12 Monaten jedoch kein signifikanter Vorteil gegenüber den anderen Gruppen.
Analyse glaukombedingter Makulaveränderungen mittels optischer Kohärenztomografie
Authors: Unterlauft Jan Darius , Theilig Theresa , Hasan Somar , Böhm Michael R. , Rauscher Franziska 
Published: February 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Bei den Glaukomen kommt es zu einem voranschreitenden Untergang von retinalen Ganglienzellen, was mittels optischer Kohärenztomografie (OCT) in der Region um den Sehnervenkopf und in der Makula ausgemessen werden kann. Ziel war es, den Einfluss eines Glaukoms auf die Dicke aller einzelnen mittels Spectral-Domain-OCT (SD-OCT) gemessenen Netzhautschichten zu untersuchen.
Material und Methoden SD-OCT-Messungen mit automatischer Segmentierung der Netzhautschichten wurden an beiden Augen von Glaukompatienten mit einem einseitig vorliegenden absoluten Skotom in den zentralen 10° des Gesichtsfelds und an jeweils einem Auge einer gesunden alterskorrelierten Vergleichsgruppe durchgeführt. Die bei den Glaukomaugen und den gesunden Augen gemessenen mittleren Dicken der einzelnen makulären Netzhautschichten in einem zentralen 24 × 24° großen Feld wurden miteinander verglichen.
Ergebnisse SD-OCT-Messungen wurden an 24 Augen von 12 Glaukompatienten (10 Frauen, 2 Männer) mit einem mittleren Alter von 72,3 ± 8,1 Jahren und 12 Augen von 12 gesunden Personen (9 Frauen, 3 Männer) mit einem mittleren Alter von 66,0 ± 7,6 Jahren durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied zwischen den gesunden Augen und den an einem Glaukom erkrankten Augen für die mittlere Dicke der Nervenfaserschicht, der Ganglienzellschicht, der inneren plexiformen Schicht und für die mittlere Dicke der gesamten zentralen Netzhaut mit durchschnittlich geringeren Dickenwerten bei den Glaukomaugen.
Diskussion Mittels SD-OCT kann die Netzhaut der Makula automatisch segmentiert und die einzelnen Schichten ausgemessen werden. Beim Vorliegen eines Glaukoms zeigen sich im Vergleich zum Gesunden deutlich geringere mittlere Dickenwerte der inneren Netzhautschichten, in denen die Ganglienzellen bzw. deren Axone und Dendriten liegen. Bei den äußeren Netzhautschichten fand sich kein entsprechender Unterschied in den Ergebnissen der SD-OCT-Untersuchungen.
Clinical Improvement and Cost-effectiveness of CT-guided Radiofrequency Sacroplasty (RFS) and Cement Sacroplasty (CSP) – a Prospective Randomised Comparison of Methods
Authors: Andresen Reimer , Radmer Sebastian , Andresen Julian Ramin , Wollny Mathias , Nissen Urs , Schober Hans-Christof 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was a comparative analysis of cement augmentation by means of RFS and CSP with regard to outcome and cost-effectiveness.
Patients and Methods CT-guided cement augmentation was performed on 100 patients with a total of 168 non-dislocated insufficiency fractures, 50 patients being treated with RFS and 50 patients with CSP. Leakages were detected by CT. Pain intensity was determined on a VAS before and after the intervention. The patientsʼ self-sufficiency was assessed using the Barthel index. Patients were asked about any complications and their level of satisfaction. Costs incurred for carrying out the procedure were compared with the respective reimbursements received.
Results Both procedures were technically fully feasible. No leakages were found in the RFS group, as opposed to 8.1% asymptomatic leakages in the CSP group. The mean value for pain before intervention was 8.8 in the RFS group and 8.7 in the CSP group. On the second postoperative day, there was a significant pain reduction with a value of 2.4 for both groups, which remained more or less constant over the follow-up period. The Barthel index increased significantly from an average of 30 before the intervention to 80 on the fourth postoperative day and 70 after 24 months. No differences were found between the two procedures with regard to pain, improvement in functional status and satisfaction. Taking into account the state-wide base rate used for calculating reimbursement, 3,834.75 € remained for RFS and 5,084.32 € for CSP.
Conclusion RFS and CSP are minimally invasive procedures that achieve equally good and sustained pain reduction, leading to markedly improved self-sufficiency of the patients. With regard to possible cement leakages, RFS is the safer method. A profit can be generated with both techniques.
Metabolism of Scoparone in Experimental Animals and Humans
Authors: Juvonen Risto , Novák Filip , Emmanouilidou Eleni , Auriola Seppo , Timonen Juri , Heikkinen Aki , Küblbeck Jenni , Finel Moshe , Raunio Hannu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractScoparone, a major constituent of the Chinese herbal medicine Yin Chen Hao, expresses beneficial effects in experimental models of various diseases. The intrinsic doses and effects of scoparone are dependent on its metabolism, both in humans and animals. We evaluated in detail the metabolism of scoparone in human, mouse, rat, pig, dog, and rabbit liver microsomes in vitro and in humans in vivo. Oxidation of scoparone to isoscopoletin via 6-O-demethylation was the major metabolic pathway in liver microsomes from humans, mouse, rat, pig and dog, whereas 7-O-demethylation to scopoletin was the main reaction in rabbit. The scoparone oxidation rates in liver microsomes were 0.8 – 1.2 µmol/(min*g protein) in mouse, pig, and rabbit, 0.2 – 0.4 µmol/(min*g protein) in man and dog, and less than 0.1 µmol/(min*g) in rat. In liver microsomes of all species, isoscopoletin was oxidized to 3-[4-methoxy-ρ-(3, 6)-benzoquinone]-2-propenoate and esculetin, which was formed also in the oxidation of scopoletin. Human CYP2A13 exhibited the highest rate of isoscopoletin and scopoletin oxidation, followed by CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. Glucuronidation of isoscopoletin and scopoletin was catalyzed by the human UGT1A1, UGT1A6, UGT1A7, UGT1A8, UGT1A9, UGT1A10, and UGT2B17. Dog was most similar to man in scoparone metabolism. Isoscopoletin glucuronide and sulfate conjugates were the major scoparone in vivo metabolites in humans, and they were completely excreted within 24 h in urine. Scoparone and its metabolites did not activate key nuclear receptors regulating CYP and UGT enzymes. These results outline comprehensively the metabolic pathways of scoparone in man and key preclinical animal species.
Adenosine-Assisted Management of Intracranial Aneurysm
Authors: Thakore Bhoomika , Goraksha Shwetal , Monteiro Joseph N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCerebral aneurysms can be complex and variable in size, position, and morphology, resulting in difficult surgical exposure and secure clip placement. They have a high mortality rate when ruptured, and though endovascular techniques have emerged to tackle this, surgical clip ligation remains the preferred modality for some aneurysms. Various techniques that help the surgeon dissect the aneurysmal dome and apply the clip are temporary clip ligation of proximal vessels, deep hypothermic circulatory arrest, and balloon suction decompression. All of them require significant logistics and result in increased morbidity and mortality. Adenosine is a suitable alternative for inducing a temporary flow arrest, causing a short period of controlled hypotension. Its rapid onset and offset property along with low incidence of adverse events makes it an ideal agent in this regard. We present here a review on its use, contraindications, safety profile, and future applications.