bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New technologies and law: a modern legal approach to the distributed registry technology
Authors: Sannikova L. V. , Kharitonova Yu. S. 
Published: May 2019

Currently we witness an active debate on whether legal mechanisms should be established to mediate the use of new technologies. The authors believe that digitalization of social relations has a global character, changes the foundations of the society and requires the development of adequate legislation based on the in-depth study of the processes. It is proved that, first, it is necessary to develop a scientific concept of the mechanism of legal regulation of relations using the technology of distributed registers (the TDR) in economic activity, in the spheres of public administration and implementation of public functions. The article, based on the problems of law enforcement practice, formulates the main characteristics of the study that could, in the authors’ opinion, give a really necessary legal solution to the state and society. Such research will allow us to formulate scientifically grounded proposals concerning legislative regulation of public relations with the use of the TDR that will include the development of legal frameworks of objects of relations arising as the result of the use of the TDR and being of economic value (digital assets, in particular tokens, cryptocurrencies, digital rights); in determining the legal status of entities using the TDR; in the formation of a system of indicators for assessing the use of the TDR in various spheres of public relations; in giving legal qualification of transactions in distributed registers and the legal consequences of their commission; in the creation of an integral legal mechanism for protection of participants in legal relations using the technologies of the distributed register. The main result of the study under consideration will be the developed scientific concept of the mechanism of the legal regulation of relations with the use of the TDR in economy, in the spheres of public administration and the implementation of public functions. Otherwise, this area will suffer from incomplete legislative regulation with the need for constant «patching of holes» associated with the hasty and ill-considered law.
Potentiation of the hypoxic preconditioning effect by antihypoxants
Authors: Novikov Vasiliy E. , Levchenkova Olga S. , Klimkina Elena I. , Kulagin Konstantin N. 
Published: May 2019

The development of effective methods to increase the organism resistance to hypoxia is an important task of current medicine. One of such methods is preconditioning, as a result of which, a potent mobilization of the adaptive organism abilities occurs under a preconditioning factor action.
Aim. To study the possibility of potentiating of the hypoxic preconditioning effect with help of antihypoxants.
Methods. Evaluation of the effectiveness of combined preconditioning (antihypoxants + moderate hypobaric hypoxia) was performed on experimental models of acute hypoxia with hypercapnia, acute hypobaric hypoxia in mice, and bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries in rats. Investigated antihypoxants are amtizol, hypoxen, cobazole, metaprot, mexidol, mildronate, substances under the codes VM-606, pQ-4 and pQ-1104.
Results. PreC with use of amtizol at dose 25 mg/kg, cobazole at dose 30 mg/kg, VM-606, pQ-4 and pQ-1104 at doses 50 mg/kg in combination with moderate hypoxia increased the lifespan of mice in acute hypoxia with hypercapniamodel and acute hypobaric hypoxia from 57 to 170%. Combined preconditioning with amtizol, cobazole and pQ-4 significantly increased the survival rate of rats in cerebral ischemia, amtizol and pQ-4 reduced neurological deficiency in the post ischemic period as well.
Conclusion. Antitipoxants as amtizol, cobazole, VM-606, pQ-4, pQ-1104 potentiate the hypoxic preconditioning effect on acute hypoxia with hypercapnia, acute hypobaric hypoxia and occlusion of the common carotid arteries models, the most significant effect was noted for amtizol and pQ-4. Signal role in the adaptation induction to hypoxia and ischemia by combined preconditioning with use of antihypoxants hypoxia-inducible factor HIF-1α can play.
II-Valent metals complex compounds and prospects of the acute hypoxia protection
Authors: Evseev Andrey V. , Belenky Albert E. , Surmenev Dmitrij V. , Evseeva Marina A. , Sosin Denis V. 
Published: May 2019

Aim. To find antihypoxic properties in complex compounds of some divalent metals on the model of acute hypoxia with hypercapnia.
Methods. In the experiments on mice in acute hypoxia with hypercapnia (AH+Hc), the protective effect of 6 new complex compounds was studied in comparison with the effectiveness of reference antihypoxants. Substances were injected intraperitoneally 60 min before acute hypoxia with hypercapnia in doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg. Antihypoxic effect was compared with their ability to change the rectal temperature.
Results. The most active substance πQ-2116 with Nickel as a complexing metal was established. Mice resistance to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia at a dose of 25 mg/kg was increased to 89.5%, at a dose of 50 mg/kg – to 165.8%. The effect was accompanied by serious hypothermia, reaching 28.5 °C. Antihypoxic activity of the substance πQ-2116 is comparable with reference substance πQ-1983 and greater than the effect of aminothiol antihypoxants – Amtizole and Sunazole.
Facilitated Communication Training: Exploration of perceptions of ability and reducing physical support
Authors: Wilson Matthew , De Jonge Desleigh , De Souza Nadera , Carlson Glenys 
Published: May 2019

Publication Notice May 29, 2019: The SDS Board, having examined the available archival record regarding the Wilson article, finds that the majority of evidence suggests that this article was listed as being published in DSQ Vol 34, No 1 (2014). Accordingly, the Board has directed The Ohio State University Libraries to publish this article with the issue. In making this decision regarding the circumstances of the article publication, the Board did not examine and makes no statement regarding the content of the article. Key words: Facilitated Communication Training; complex communication needs; reducing support; perceptions; disabilityAbstract: A growing number of people who use Facilitated Communication Training (FCT) are becoming independent of physical support. In response, this research investigated changes in family members’ perceptions of their son or daughter following the introduction of FCT, and how physical support was reduced over time. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people who use FCT, their family members and their facilitators. It was found that once people commenced using FCT, they revealed unexpected abilities, thoughts and feelings which changed the way their family members perceived them. A number of strategies appeared to assist people who use FCT to reduce physical support. FCT was found to have had a profound impact on the lives of people and to assist in developing communication access without physical support.
Fatigue in Pregnancy: The validity and reliability of the Farsi Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scale
Authors: Mortazavi Forough , Borzoee Fateme 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: Fatigue is a common discomfort experienced during pregnancy and may contribute to severe labour pain and postpartum depression. This study aimed to translate the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) scale into Farsi and validate it in a sample of pregnant Irani women. Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted between January and June 2016 at eight healthcare centres in Sabzevar, Iran. The English version of the MAF scale was translated into Farsi and assessed for content validity. Participants completed the Farsi MAF scale and the Farsi World Health Organization-5 Well-being index (WHO-5). Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were used to determine the internal consistency and stability of the Farsi MAF scale. Results: A total of 582 women met the inclusion criteria, of which 541 completed the MAF scale (response rate: 93%). The EFA of the 15 items confirmed the previously proposed one-factor structure with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.957 for the Farsi MAF scale. Stability was confirmed by the ICC value (0.702) for the Global Fatigue Index (GFI) and the mean GFI was 20.33 ± 12.71. Concurrent validity was confirmed by a moderate negative correlation (r = −0.35; P <0.001) between the scores of the Farsi MAF scale and the Farsi WHO-5. Women who received a high level of support from their husbands, who were satisfied with the quality of their marital relationship and with a well-being score of >50 reported a lower level of fatigue than the other groups (P ≤0.012). Conclusion: The Farsi MAF scale is a reliable and valid questionnaire to investigate fatigue in pregnant Irani women. Interventions to promote marital satisfaction and women’s well-being are recommended. Keywords: Fatigue; Parturition; Pregnancy; Psychometrics; Validation Studies; Reliability and Validity; Iran.
Early Onset Pre-Eclampsia with Nephrotic Range Proteinuria as the Initial Manifestation of Lupus Nephritis: Report of three cases
Authors: Udupa Vinita , Keepanasseril Anish , Vijayan Neeraja , Basu Debadatta , Negi Vir Singh 
Published: May 2019

Early onset pre-eclampsia (pre-eclampsia at less than 34 gestational weeks) is a severe form of preeclampsia; in addition, some women may also develop nephrotic range proteinuria. De novo diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN) in pregnancy is challenging as it may present with features similar to commonly occurring preeclampsia. We report three cases of early onset pre-eclampsia with nephrotic range proteinuria and subsequent diagnosis of LN at the Women and Children hospital attached to Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India, between 2014 and 2017. These cases highlights the need for further evaluation of the association between nephrotic-range proteinuria and early onset pre-eclampsia. The index of suspicion for underlying LN of these type of cases should be high. Earlier detection of LN will prompt better management that can avert or delay short- and long-term morbidity. Keywords: Lupus Nephritis; Pre-Eclampsia; Nephrotic Syndrome; Proteinuria; Case Reports; India.
Comparison of anterior segment changes after femtosecond laser LASIK and SMILE using a dual rotating Scheimpflug analyzer
Authors: Kim Bu Ki , Mun Su Joung , Yang Young Hoon , Kim Ji Sun , Moon Jun Hyung , Chung Young Taek 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Purpose

To compare the changes in the anterior segment after femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) using a dual rotating Scheimpflug (DRS) analyzer (Galilei®; Ziemer Ophthalmology, Port, Switzerland).

Setting

Onnuri smile eye clinic, Seoul, South Korea

Design

Retrospective

Method

218 eyes of 109 patients who underwent FS-LASIK or SMILE for myopic correction were retrospectively studied. Ninety-eight eyes of 49 patients who underwent FS-LASIK were compared to 120 eyes of 60 patients treated with SMILE. A DRS analyzer was used for preoperative and 6-month postoperative anterior segment analyses. Measured variables included the central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior and posterior keratometry (K), anterior and posterior best-fit sphere radius, and maximum posterior elevation (MPE).

Results

The estimated lenticule thickness (LT; 87.20 ± 22.87 µm) was significantly thicker in the SMILE group than the ablation depth (69.23 ± 22.24 µm) in the FS-LASIK group. However, there was no significant difference in the CCT decrease using the DRS analyzer. The MPE was significantly increased after both procedures, and there was a statistically significant difference in the change in MPE between the two groups (-1.10 ± 2.12 µm after FS-LASIK; -0.75 ± 2.33 µm after SMILE; p = 0.035).

Conclusions

The preoperative LT was overestimated using SMILE. Regarding changes in the MPE and posterior K, changes in the posterior corneal surface were greater after FS-LASIK than after SMILE.
The efficacy and safety of Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san for gastro-esophageal reflux-induced chronic cough: a protocol for a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Bhang Yeon Hee , Kim Kwan-Il , Kim Jaehyo , Ahn Junmo , Jung Hwan-Su , Yang Changsop , Ko Seok-Jae , Bu Youngmin , Park Jae-Woo , Park Kyoung Sun , Jung Hee-Jae , Lee Jun-Hwan , Lee Beom-Joon 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Background
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a major cause of chronic cough. GERD-induced chronic cough is difficult to diagnose because some patients do not complain of any gastrointestinal (GI) reflux symptoms. Although chronic cough due to GERD is highly prevalent, no effective treatment is currently available, especially for GERD-related cough without GI symptoms. As the herbal medicines Ojeok-san and Saengmaek-san can effectively treat GERD and cough, we aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combination of these components for relieving chronic cough due to GERD.

Methods
This is a study protocol of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center pilot trial. After one-week run-in period, a total of 30 patients with GERD-induced chronic cough will be randomly allocated to an intervention group (n=15) or placebo group (n=15). Participants will receive 5.76 g of Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san or a placebo three times per day for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measures, the frequency and severity of cough, will be recorded using a cough diary. The secondary outcome measures will include a cough visual analog scale, the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (Korean version), Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Hull Airway Reflux (hypersensitivity) Questionnaire, Pattern Identification for Chronic Cough Questionnaire, Pattern Identification for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, and safety testing. Adverse events will also be reported.

Discussion
This will be the first clinical trial to explore herbal medicines for the GERD-related chronic cough, including patients without GI reflux symptoms. This study will provide useful evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of Ojeok-san plus Saengmaek-san treatment. In addition, this trial will offer scientific basis for the combination of herbal medicines. This finding will also serve as an important data for conducting a larger-scale clinical trial on GERD-induced chronic cough.

Trial registration
This trial has been registered with Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) of South Korea (http://cris.nih.go.kr; registration number: KCT0003115). Registered August 28, 2018.
Thymosin alpha 1 in the prevention of pancreatic infection following acute necrotizing pancreatitis (TRACE trial)
Authors: Zhou Jing , Ke Lu , Mao Wenjian , Zhang Zhongheng , Li Gang , Ye Bo , Li Weiqin , Tong Zhihui , Li Jieshou 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background: IPN and its related septic complications are the major causes of death in patients with ANP. Therefore, prevention of pancreatic infection is of great clinical value in the treatment of ANP. This study aimed to evaluate the role of Thymosin Alpha 1 in treating ANP.
Methods: Eligible patients were randomised to the treatment group(Thymosin alpha 1 group) or the control group. Occurrence of IPN will serve as the primary outcome measure of the TRACE trial. Occurrence of new-onset organ failure and persistent organ failure; CRP, HLA-DR, WBC day0, day 7 and day14; other related pancreatic complications and prognosis of the patients were also calculated.
Discussion: The TRACE trial is designed to test the effect of a new therapy focusing on the immune system in preventing secondary infection following ANP, which is a potentially lethal complication causing substantial morbidity and mortality. We also aimed to prospectively investigate the effect of immunomodulatory treatment with thymosin alpha 1 in patients with different severity of diseases with predefined subgroup analysis. The results of the TRACE trial would potentially provide a novel therapeutic option in the early management of ANP and identify the patient population who may benefit most from immunomodulation.
The trial was registered on the June 16, 2015 in the CT.gov register (NCT02473406)
Mixture Mixed Models: Biennial Growth as a Latent Variable in Coffee Bean Progenies
Authors: Vieira Júnior Indalécio Cunha , Pereira da Silva Carlos , Nuvunga Joel Jorge , Botelho César Elias , Avelar Gonçalves Flávia Maria , Balestre Márcio 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTStatistical analysis ofCoffea arabicaL. progeny production has been a great challenge. In this species, genotypes may present differential biennial behaviors due to different physiological responses to the environmental conditions, indicating a mixture of two subpopulations in the tested progenies. Previously proposed statistical methods are unable to handle data overdispersion and/or bimodality because they assume the same stochastic process generating different phenotypes. This study proposes a finite mixture mixed model for modeling the biennial patterns. Production data for 21 S0:1progenies, evaluated through eight harvests, were used. Individual (per harvest) and repeated measures analyses were performed using conventional mixed models and Gaussian mixture mixed models. The proposed methodology is also illustrated in a simulation study. On a real dataset, the approximated prediction error variance, CV, and residual variance were drastically reduced using mixture mixed models, resulting in a higher estimated heritability and expected gain from selection. Residual dependence across years was lower for the mixture model, but no differences were observed in genetic correlations. The posterior probability matrix captured the biennial pattern, which indicates the probability of a progeny's physiological stage. The Spearman correlation coefficient (0.87) indicates that selection based on grouped means may not be efficient. In general, the proposed model was more efficient for higher subpopulations means differences. The results suggest that for analysis ofC. arabicaprogenies exhibiting different biennial patterns, mixture mixed models are superior to traditional mixed models and to models that structure biennial effects using covariance matrices.
Interplay between Molecular Diffusion and Advection during Solute Transport in Macroporous Media
Authors: Batany Stéphane , Peyneau Pierre-Emmanuel , Lassabatère Laurent , Béchet Béatrice , Faure Paméla , Dangla Patrick 
Published: May 2019

Core Ideas
BTCs in a macroporous medium cannot always be fitted by classical transport models.
Classical transport models can be faulted in a simple heterogeneous porous medium.
Molecular diffusion affects solute transport for sufficient mean residence time.
The shape of the BTCs depends on the mean residence time of the solute.
Solute transport in soils is known to differ from solute transport in homogeneous porous media. Nonequilibrium processes, like those induced by the presence of macropores, can strongly influence the breakthrough of solute in soils. Breakthrough experiments and effective models are often combined to study the physicochemical processes involved in solute transport. However, the complexity of flow pathways and the diversity of possible processes is challenging. In this work, the influence of flow rate and viscosity of the carrying liquid on nonreactive solute transport is investigated under saturated conditions in a macroporous synthetic medium. As expected, solute transport is strongly affected by physical nonequilibrium induced by the preferential flow within the macropore. Breakthrough occurs early, and the shape of the breakthrough curve is influenced both by the flow rate and the coefficient of molecular diffusion of the solute. We show that when the mean residence time of the solute in the macropore is small enough, solute transport in a macroporous column can be considered as isolated within the macropore. The increase of the residence time strongly affects the shape of the breakthrough, and, eventually, a plateau appears during the ascent of the breakthrough curve. We demonstrate experimentally that the existence of this plateau, which is not predicted by classical effective models, is related to the relative importance of molecular diffusion versus advection. Indeed, this plateau can become unobservable if the coefficient of molecular diffusion is reduced through the use of a sufficiently viscous carrying liquid.
Not a Painless Condition: Rheumatological and Musculoskeletal Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes, and the Implications for Exercise Participation
Authors: Cox Emily R. , Coombes Jeff S. , Keating Shelley E. , Burton Nicola W. , Coombes Brooke K. 
Published: May 2019

Objectives:People with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are more likely to develop a range of rheumatological and musculoskeletal symptoms (RMS), and experience both chronic and widespread pain, compared with the general population. However, these symptoms are not commonly acknowledged by researchers, which hampers our understanding of the impact on this population. Since exercise is a key lifestyle management strategy for T2D and participation levels are typically low, understanding the potential impact of RMS on exercise participation is critical. The aim of this review is to summarise the literature regarding the prevalence and pathophysiology of RMS in T2D, the evidence for the benefits and risks associated with exercise on RMS, and the currently available tools for the reporting of RMS in both research studies and community settings.Methods:A narrative review.Results:There are numerous exercise trials in T2D, but few have sufficiently reported pain-related adverse events and even fewer have investigated the effects of exercise on RMS and chronic pain.Discussion:Recommendations for future research are provided.
Sources and Effects of Oxidative Stress in Hypertension
Authors: Pinheiro Lucas C. , Oliveira-Paula Gustavo H. 
Published: May 2019

Background:
Disruption of redox signaling is a common pathophysiological mechanism
observed in several diseases. In hypertension, oxidative stress, resulted either from enhances in
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production or decreases in antioxidant defenses, is associated with
increase in blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling. Although the role of
oxidative stress in the development of hypertension is well known, it is still unclear if this process is
a cause or a consequence of tissue changes in hypertension. Indeed, unbalanced ROS formation
results in several detrimental effects that contribute to hypertension, including reduction in nitric
oxide bioavailability and activation of metalloproteinases. Additionally, ROS may also directly
react with lipids, proteins and DNA, thereby contributing to tissue damage associated with hypertension.
Therefore, a deep understanding of the role of oxidative stress in hypertension is essential
to comprehend its pathophysiology and to identify new therapeutic targets.

Conclusion:
This mini-review discusses the main enzymatic sources of oxidants and the major
antioxidant defenses in the vasculature, followed by the effects of oxidative stress in hypertension,
highlighting endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling and tissue damage.