bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for a cardiac metabolic switch in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Heckmann Markus B. , Totakhel Belal , Finke Daniel , Anker Markus S. , Müller‐Tidow Carsten , Haberkorn Uwe , Katus Hugo A. , Lehmann Lorenz H. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsOur aim was to investigate the glucose uptake in cancer patients suffering from different entities, using 18F‐FDG positron emission tomography–computed tomography scans. We further aimed at identifying potential variables altering cardiac and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.Methods and resultsIn a retrospective cohort study, we analysed cardiac and skeletal muscle 18F‐FDG uptake in onco‐positron emission tomography–computed tomography scans in adult patients suffering from Hodgkin's lymphoma, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, and non‐lymphatic cancer including patients suffering from thyroid cancer, bronchial carcinoma, and malignant melanoma. Univariate logistic regression models were created for increased cardiac and skeletal muscle 18F‐FDG uptake using cancer entity, sex, age, previous radiation, previous chemotherapy, diabetes, obesity, serum glucose levels, renal function, and thyroid function as parameters. Multivariate models were created by selecting variables according to Akaike's information criterion in a step‐down approach. Between 2014 and 2018, a total of 337 consecutive patients suffering from Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 52), non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (n = 57), and non‐lymphatic cancer (n = 228) were included in the analysis. Univariate logistic regression models showed high serum glucose levels to be associated with lower absorption rates in both cardiac and skeletal muscle (odds ratio [OR] 0.38 [0.23, 0.60, 95% confidence interval—CI], P < 0.0001, and 0.52 [0.33, 0.82, 95% CI], P < 0.005, respectively). Hodgkin's lymphoma was associated with an increase in cardiac uptake (OR 2.4 [1.3, 4.5, 95% CI], P < 0.005). Decreased skeletal muscle 18F‐FDG uptake was noted in elderly and obese patients. In our multivariate analysis, Hodgkin's lymphoma patients showed higher cardiac 18F‐FDG uptake, while non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma patients did not differ significantly from non‐lymphatic cancer patients (OR 1.6 [0.7, 3.3, 95% CI], P = 0.24). High serum glucose levels and prior chemotherapy were both associated with a significantly decreased cardiac 18F‐FDG uptake (OR 0.40 [0.24, 0.65, 95% CI], P < 0.0005, and 0.50 [0.27, 0.90, 95% CI], P < 0.05, respectively). Notably, prior chemotherapy did not influence FDG uptake in skeletal muscle to the same extent. Obesity and older age were both significantly associated with decreased gluteal 18F‐FDG uptake (OR 0.49 [0.27, 0.89, 95% CI], P < 0.05, and 0.47 [0.25, 0.87, 95% CI], P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur data provide evidence for metabolic alterations in patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma related to cardiac glucose uptake in humans. This effect was independent from skeletal muscle metabolism.
Assessing susceptibility of a temporal discounting task to faking
Authors: Cole David M. , Rung Jillian M. , Madden Gregory J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTemporal discountingdescribes the devaluation of delayed rewards. Because temporal discounting is predictive of substance misuse, its clinical assessment could improve prevention (e.g., identifying at‐risk youth) and treatment (e.g., predicting relapse). However, if discounting rates can be faked (e.g., to avoid treatment), their clinical utility may be limited. For the first time, we measured the influence of deception in a temporal discounting task.MethodWe recruited 200 participants (44% female,33) through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants completed a discounting assessment with instructions to (a) respond honestly, (b)fake good(i.e., simulate better versions of themselves), or (c)fake bad.ResultsGeneralized linear mixed effects analysis showed that in Experiment 1, nonclinical samples faked good (0.002) or bad (  0.086) compared to the Honest group (0.008). In Experiment 2, cigarette smokers faked good (0.003) compared to the Honest group ( 0.025).ConclusionsTemporal discounting transects the disciplines of psychology, biology, and behavioral economics. Before its promise as an endophenotype can be realized, assessments must be translated for clinical use. Opaquer temporal discounting tasks, or secondary measures of lying, may be required before temporal discounting can be confidently extended to clinical settings.
Leukocyte transcriptional signatures dependent on LPS dosage in human endotoxemia
Authors: Khan Hina N , Perlee Desiree , Schoenmaker Lieke , van der Meer Anne-Jan , Franitza Marek , Toliat Mohammad Reza , Nürnberg Peter , Zwinderman Aeilko H , van der Poll Tom , Scicluna Brendon P 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe host immune response is characterized by a complex interplay of signal-specific cellular transcriptional responses. The magnitude of the immune response is dependent on the strength of the external stimulus. Knowledge on leukocyte transcriptional responses altered in response to different stimulus dosages in man is lacking. Here, we sought to identify leukocyte transcriptional signatures dependent on LPS dose in humans. Healthy human volunteers were administered 1 ng/kg (n = 7), 2 ng/kg (n = 6), or 4 ng/kg (n = 7) LPS intravenously. Blood was collected before (pre-LPS) and 4 h after LPS administration. Total RNA was analyzed by microarrays and generalized linear models. Pathway analysis was performed by using Ingenuity pathway analysis. Leukocyte transcriptomes altered per LPS dosage were predominantly shared, with 47% common signatures relative to pre-LPS. A univariate linear model identified a set of 3736 genes that exhibited a dependency on differing LPS dosages. Neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts explained 38.9% of the variance in the LPS dose-dependent gene set. A multivariate linear model including leukocyte composition delineated a set of 295 genes with a dependency on LPS dose. Evaluation of the 295 gene signature in patients with sepsis due to abdominal infections showed significant correlations. Promoter regions of the LPS dose gene set were enriched for YY1, EGR1, ELK1, GABPA, KLF4, and REL transcription factor binding sites. Intravenous injection of 1, 2, or 4 ng/kg LPS was accompanied by both shared and distinct leukocyte transcriptional alterations. These data may assist in assessing the severity of the insult in patients with abdominal sepsis.
Economic Disadvantage at the Intersections: Contemporary Stereotypes in the Headlines
Authors: Smith Laura , Velez Brandon , Chambers Carissa , Baranowski Kim 
Published: July 2019

Effective multiculturally competent treatment of economically disadvantaged clients requires an awareness of the stereotypes and biases that these clients and their families face in contemporary culture—stereotypes that are so pervasive that they can subtly influence counselors’ thinking about poor and working‐class individuals. In this article, the authors apply an intersectional perspective to profile current stereotypes and biases that exist regarding low‐income groups at the intersections of race, religion, and immigration status. Implications for educators and counselors are suggested.Un tratamiento efectivo y multiculturalmente competente de clientes e conómicamente desfavorecidos requiere una conciencia de los estereotipos y prejuicios que estos clientes y sus familias enfrentan en la cultura contemporánea; estereotipos tan arraigados que pueden influir sutilmente en la forma de pensar de los consejeros sobre las personas pobres y de clase trabajadora. En este artículo, los autores aplican una perspectiva interseccional para perfilar estereotipos y prejuicios actuales que existen acerca de grupos de bajo nivel económico en las intersecciones entre raza, religión y estatus migratorio. Se sugieren implicaciones para educadores y consejeros.
Effect of starch properties and zein content of commercial maize hybrids on kinetics of starch digestibility in an in vitro poultry model
Authors: Kljak Kristina , Duvnjak Marija , Grbeša Darko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe kinetics of starch digestion is a key determinant of poultry performance. Research so far has shown that starch digestibility kinetics depends on the molecular structure of starch but also on the properties of the complex matrix in which starch granules are embedded in most feedstuffs. However, the manner in which genotype differences in the same plant affect starch digestibility kinetics has not yet been addressed. The present study explored the extent to which the starch digestibility rate in commercial high‐yielding maize hybrids depended on amylose / amylopectin content, starch granule size and shape, and zein in total starch (TS) content.RESULTSHybrids differed in all the traits examined, giving the following ranges: amylose content, 165–207 g kg−1 DM; zein in TS content, 70–89 g kg−1 DM; starch granule equivalent diameter, 11.5–12.3 μm, and in vitro starch digestion rate, 1.22–1.44 h−1. The starch digestion rate correlated negatively with zein in TS content (r = −0.36) and positively with equivalent diameter (r = 0.45). The negative correlation between starch digestion rate and zein in TS suggests that some zein remained after grinding and pepsin incubation and acted as a barrier to amylolytic enzymes.CONCLUSIONSWhen starch granules are embedded in a complex protein matrix, zein limits their accessibility to enzymes and affects the starch digestibility rate. Surprisingly, our results suggest that when enzymes reach starch granules, they digest a greater proportion of the starch when the granules are larger. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Photochemical Tissue Passivation Prevents Contracture of Full Thickness Wounds in Mice
Authors: Goldstein Rachel L. , Tsui Jane M. , Runyan Gem , Randolph Mark A. , McCormack Michael C. , Mihm Martin C. , Redmond Robert W. , Austen William G. 
Published: July 2019

Background and ObjectivesWound contracture formation from excessive myofibroblast activity can result in debilitating morbidities. There are currently no treatments to prevent contracture. Photochemical tissue passivation (PTP), an established, safe, and user‐friendly treatment modality, crosslinks collagen by a light‐activated process, thus modulating the wound healing response and scarring. We hypothesised that PTP treatment would reinforce wounds by blunting the fibrotic response thus limiting contracture.Study Design/Materials and MethodsFull‐thickness, 1 cm × 1 cm excisional wounds were created on the dorsum of 32 C57BL/6 mice. Treated wounds were painted with photosensitizing dye and exposed to visible light. Wounds were serially photographed over 6 weeks to measure wound contracture. At 7, 14, 21, and 42 days after wound creation, mice were euthanized and wounds were harvested for histologic review by a dermatopathologist.ResultsBy Day 7, control wounds had significantly more contracture than those treated with PTP (33.0 ± 17.1% and 19.3 ± 9.0%, respectively; P = 0.011). PTP‐treated wounds maintained approximately 20% less contracture than controls from Day 14 and on (P < 0.05). By Day 42, wounds had contracted by 86.9 ± 5.5% in controls and 64.2 ± 3.2% in PTP‐treated wounds (P < 0.03). Histologically, PTP wounds had earlier growth and development of dermal collagen, neovascularization, and development of skin appendages, compared with control wounds.ConclusionsPTP significantly limits contracture of full‐thickness wounds and improves wound healing. PTP‐treated wounds histologically demonstrate more mature structural organization than untreated wounds and closely resemble native skin. PTP treatment may be applicable not only for excisional wounds, but also for wounds with a high incidence of contracture and associated morbidity. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Do functional changes occur in the bladder due to bladder outlet obstruction? ‐ ICI‐RS 2018
Authors: Bosch Ruud , Abrams Paul , Averbeck Marcio Augusto , Finazzi Agró Enrico , Gammie Andrew , Marcelissen Tom , Solomon Eskinder 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStudies on bladder dysfunction (BD), more specifically functional‐urodynamic changes in the bladder as a result of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) have been summarized for this TT. Based on available, but limited evidence from human studies a three‐stage model can be hypothesized to characterize BOO‐induced bladder remodeling: hypertrophy, compensation (increased detrusor contractility during the voiding phase, often in combination with filling phase detrusor overactivity) followed by the phase of decompensation [detrusor underactivity]. The time between the start of compensation and eventual decompensation seems to be determined by age of onset, severity, and type of obstruction and clinical mitigating factors such as vascular and metabolic problems. Understanding the relative contributions of these factors may allow the development of personalized timelines and probabilities for these obstructed patients.
Examining the thermal degradation behaviour of a series of cyanate ester homopolymers
Authors: Gouthaman Siddan , Madhu Venkatesh , Kanemoto Stanley Olivier , Madurai Suguna Lakshmi , Hamerton Ian 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA series of thermally stable dicyanate monomers was prepared containing different thermally stable structural units, namely 2,2′‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl)propane, bis‐4‐cyanato‐biphenyl, bis‐4‐cyanato naphthalene, 3,3′‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl)sulfide and 3,3′‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl)sulfone, was prepared and the identity of the products was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and NMR spectral methods. The corresponding cyanate homopolymers were prepared and their properties were evaluated and compared. The composites were analysed for their thermal stability and thermal degradation kinetics. The series of homopolymers exhibit excellent thermal characteristics, e.g. relatively high glass transition temperatures of at least 215 °C, which were inversely proportional to the molecular weight between the crosslinks, high thermal decomposition temperature and high activation energies for the decomposition of cured resins. Determination of their limiting oxygen indices indicates that all the homopolymers are characterized as ‘self‐extinguishing’ materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Minimal Detectable Change for Balance Using the Biodex Balance System in Patients with Parkinson Disease
Authors: de Oliveira Lira Jumes Leopoldino , Ugrinowitsch Carlos , Fecchio Rafael , Coelho Daniel Boari , Moreira‐Neto Acácio , Germano Renan , de Lima Miliatto Angelo Corrêa , dos Santos Vieira Yano Bianca Cristina , Silva‐Batista Carla 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundMinimal detectable change (MDC) when assessing balance using the Biodex Balance System (BBS) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) is currently unknown, limiting the interpretability of the scores.ObjectiveTo determine the MDC on the Anterior/Posterior Stability Index (APSI), Medial/Lateral Stability Index (MLSI), and Overall Stability Index (OSI) from postural stability and fall risk protocols of the BBS in patients with PD.DesignThis was a repeated‐measures design (at a 1‐week interval).SettingStrength training laboratory of a public university.Patients46 patients with PD (men and women) at stages 2 and 3 (67.9 ± 7.4 years old) were assessed in the “on” state (fully medicated).MethodsPatients performed three trials of 20 s for each protocol.Main Outcome MeasurementsAbsolute and relative MDC (MDC%) calculated for APSI, MLSI, and OSI from the postural stability (stable condition) and fall risk protocols (unstable condition).ResultsFor the postural stability, the MDC and MDC% were 0.26° and 17% for APSI, 0.41° and 21% for MLSI, and 0.22° and 12% for OSI, respectively. For the fall risk, the MDC and MDC% were 0.51° and 18% for APSI, 0.21° and 15% for MLSI, and 0.41° and 20% for OSI, respectively. These results were considered acceptable, despite indices with high MDC for MLSI (postural stability) and APSI (fall risk).ConclusionsPatients with PD have more mediolateral and anteroposterior changes in the stable and unstable conditions, respectively. These abnormal balance strategies can occur principally due to postural instability of PD. However, our results demonstrated acceptable MDCs in both conditions in all of the assessed axes. Thus, BBS should be incorporated into the clinical evaluation to help therapists to determine if intervention‐induced changes in balance are clinically significant or due to measurement error.Level of EvidenceII
The demographic burden of population loss in US cities, 2000–2010
Authors: Franklin Rachel S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAlthough the effects of urban shrinkage on quality of life and the built environment have received a great deal of attention, the characteristics of those experiencing these impacts have been much less studied. This is ironic, as urban shrinkage or depopulation is by nature a demographic phenomenon: city sizes evolve precisely because people move in and out, are born, and die. Moreover, the demographic processes that contribute to shrinking cities—out-migration and death—are selective and so they also govern who remains behind in cities as they shrink. It is this latter group that is the focus of this research. The analysis contributes to the literature on shrinking cities through its novel consideration of community-level exposure to depopulation. In particular, it investigates who is impacted by loss; the extent to which population loss is experienced disproportionately across urban space and demographic subgroups; and whether decline occurring at multiple spatial scales magnifies exposure for some groups more than others. Findings show that, at both city and census tract levels, demographic characteristics of growth and loss areas are different and, at all levels, some groups are more likely than others to be living in a loss-impacted area.
Age‐Ranked Storage‐Discharge Relations: A Unified Description of Spatially Lumped Flow and Water Age in Hydrologic Systems
Authors: Harman C. J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA storage‐discharge relation tells us how discharge will change when new water enters a hydrologic system but not which water is released. Does an incremental increase in discharge come from faster turnover of older water already in storage? Or are the recent inputs rapidly delivered to the outlet, “short‐circuiting” the bulk of the system? Here I demonstrate that the concepts of storage‐discharge relationships and transit time distributions can be unified into a single relationship that can usefully address these questions: the age‐ranked storage‐discharge relation. This relationship captures how changes in total discharge arise from changes in the turnover rate of younger and older water in storage and provides a window into both the celerity and velocity of water in a catchment. This leads naturally to a distinction between cases where an increase in total discharge is accompanied by an increase (old water acceleration), no change (old water steadiness), or a decrease in the rate of discharge of older water in storage (old water suppression). The simple theoretical case of a power law age‐ranked storage‐discharge relations is explored to illustrate these cases. Example applications to data suggest that the apparent presence of old water acceleration or suppression is sensitive to the functional form chosen to fit to the data, making it difficult to draw decisive conclusions. This suggests new methods are needed that do not require a functional form to be chosen and provide age‐dependent uncertainty bounds.
Evidence of Pore‐ and Fracture‐Filling Gas Hydrates from Geophysical Logs in Consolidated Rocks of the Muli Area, Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Permafrost, China
Authors: Peng C. , Zou C. C. , Lu Z. Q. , Yu C.Q. , Liu A. Q. , Tang Y. Y. , Hu X. D. , Zhang S. X. , Wen H. J. , Li Y. H. , Wang W. C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNatural gas hydrates were discovered in the Muli area of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau permafrost, which is an area of alpine permafrost in the midlatitudes. Resistivity models were employed to understand the distribution and accumulation mechanism of gas hydrates in the Muli area, as these models are suitable for use in detecting the presence and amount of pore‐ and fracture‐filling gas hydrates in consolidated rocks, and geophysical logs were used to constrain gas hydrate saturation. The results show that resistivity logs are sensitive to gas hydrate saturation in consolidated rocks in the Muli area. Geophysical log analysis enabled the discovery of eleven pore‐filling gas hydrate reservoirs (total thickness: 21.95 m) and nine fracture‐filling gas hydrate reservoirs (total thickness: 90.55 m). It is hypothesized that gas accumulation is more likely to occur in fractures within mudstones due to good permeability and sealing properties and that fracture‐filling gas hydrates are more likely to occur than pore‐filling gas hydrates. Poor preservation conditions may thus be the key factor in the absence of gas hydrates in the eastern part of the study area. Evidence from geophysical logs shows that the upper boundary of the gas hydrate stability zone in the Muli area is at a depth of 133.25 m and that the lower boundary is deeper than 400 m. The results of this study are useful for further gas hydrate exploration in alpine permafrost at the midlatitudes.
Locating Shallow Seismic Sources With Waves Scattered by Surface Topography: Validation of the Method at the Nevada Test Site
Authors: Wang Nian , Shen Yang , Bao Xueyang , Flinders Ashton 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAccurate and robust source location is fundamental in seismology. Previously, we proposed a new full waveform location method using waves scattered by topography near the source, and we demonstrated its potential in obtaining accurate source location using synthetic data. In the work presented here, we validate this method with observed seismic data from the 1993 Non‐Proliferation Experiment, a chemical explosion with a precisely known location in a region with moderate topography at the Nevada Test Site. We select the first arrivals (Pn/Pg) and their immediate codas to determine the source location and compare our solution with the known location. We use a collocated‐grid finite‐difference method to calculate the strain Green's tensor in a grid‐search volume containing the source and obtain three‐component synthetic waveforms at 12 broadband seismic stations at regional distances using source‐receiver reciprocity. We assess the solution using a least squares misfit between the observed and synthetic waveforms. When scattered coda waves are incorporated, the best solution is within a few hundreds of meters of the exact source location, and the estimated uncertainty of the solution is reduced compared to the waveform‐based solution using only the P waves. The solution is robust to the choice of the frequency content and to the addition of random velocity heterogeneity. We conclude that the full waveform source location method is effective for real seismic data, though more validation tests like this one are needed to further understand its efficacy for source‐station geometry, roughness of topography, signal quality, and other factors.