bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissociable spatial memory systems revealed by typical and atypical human development
Authors: Julian Joshua B. , Kamps Frederik S. , Epstein Russell A. , Dilks Daniel D. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRodent lesion studies have revealed the existence of two causally dissociable spatial memory systems, localized to the hippocampus and striatum that are preferentially sensitive to environmental boundaries and landmark objects, respectively. Here we test whether these two memory systems are causally dissociable in humans by examining boundary‐ and landmark‐based memory in typical and atypical development. Adults with Williams syndrome (WS)—a developmental disorder with known hippocampal abnormalities—and typical children and adults, performed a navigation task that involved learning locations relative to a boundary or a landmark object. We found that boundary‐based memory was severely impaired in WS compared to typically‐developing mental‐age matched (MA) children and chronological‐age matched (CA) adults, whereas landmark‐based memory was similar in all groups. Furthermore, landmark‐based memory matured earlier in typical development than boundary‐based memory, consistent with the idea that the WS cognitive phenotype arises from developmental arrest of late maturing cognitive systems. Together, these findings provide causal and developmental evidence for dissociable spatial memory systems in humans.
It's the journey, not the destination: Locomotor exploration in infants
Authors: Hoch Justine E. , O'Grady Sinclaire M. , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhat incites infant locomotion? Recent research suggests that locomotor exploration is not primarily directed toward distant people, places, or things. However, this question has not been addressed experimentally. In the current study, we asked whether a room filled with toys designed to encourage locomotion (stroller, ball, etc.) elicits different quantities or patterns of exploration than a room with no toys. Caregivers were present but did not interact with infants. Although most walking bouts in the toy‐filled room involved toys, to our surprise, 15‐month‐olds in both rooms produced the same quantity of locomotion. This finding suggests that mere space to move is sufficient to elicit locomotion. However, infants' patterns of locomotor exploration differed: Infants in the toy‐filled room spent a smaller percent of the session within arms' reach of their caregiver and explored more locations in the room. Real‐time analyses show that infants in the toy‐filled room took an increasing number of steps per bout and covered more area as the session continued, whereas infants in the no‐toy room took fewer and fewer steps per bout and traveled repeatedly over the same ground. Although not required to elicit locomotion, moving with toys encouraged infants to travel farther from their caregivers and to explore new areas.
The Holy Trinity: Between Mystery and Analysis
Authors: Patterson Colin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTwo significant strands of trinitarian theology, the analytic and the apophatic, emphasize considerations of logical consistency and divine incomprehensibility respectively. This article seeks to mediate between these two seemingly opposed lines of thought by arguing for a fuller awareness of the particular mystery associated with the trinitarian notion of ‘person’. By specifying more closely this mystery of divine personhood, I qualify an overzealous apophaticism and also open up some scope for analytic approaches. I then highlight an implication of the mystery of divine personhood that any proposition linking together person‐language and nature‐language (e.g. ‘the Son is God’) necessarily contains its own mystery and cannot be understood in analytic terms.
Political Connection and Regulatory Scrutiny through Comment Letters: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Yunsen , Deng Yilu , Jin Yufang , Lou Hetong , Zhang Xin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHeese, Khan, and Ramanna (2017, hereafter, HKR) find that political connection (PC) positively predicts the receipt of comment letter (CL) reviews in the United States. This paper investigates whether this phenomenon exists in China and, if so, the specific channel by which it occurs. We find that Chinese publicly listed firms with PC are more likely to receive CLs from Chinese regulators, and this result is particularly strong for firms that have hired former officials from the lower tier of the political hierarchy. Additionally, the positive association between PC and the chance of receiving CLs is more pronounced in nonstate‐owned enterprises. Overall, we show that HKR's results hold for both the United States and China, and we add new evidence that state ownership and the level of connection moderate this relationship.
Energy transfer and color‐tunable emission in Ba2Y2Si4O13:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors
Authors: Song WeiHui , Chen XueYan , Teng LiMing , Zheng ZhiGang , Wen Jun , Hu FangFang , Wei RongFei , Chen LiPing , Guo Hai 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSingle‐composition Ba2Y2Si4O13:Bi3+,Eu3+ (BYSO:Bi3+,Eu3+) phosphors with color‐tunable and white emission were prepared by conventional high temperature solid‐state reaction method. The structural and luminescent properties of these phosphors were thoroughly investigated through X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and decay curves. BYSO:Bi3+ phosphors show two excitation peaks at 342 and 373 nm, and give two emission peaks at 414 and 503 nm, respectively, indicating that there are two sites of Bi3+ in BYSO. The energy transfer from Bi3+ to Eu3+ was investigated in detail. Varied hues from blue (chromaticity coordinate [0.219, 0.350]) to white (0.288, 0.350) and orange‐red light (0.644, 0.341) can be generated by adjusting the content of Eu3+. Pure white light emission (0.311, 0.338) can be obtained under the excitation of 355 nm in BYSO:3%Bi3+,20%Eu3+ phosphor. Besides, BYSO:Bi3+,Eu3+ phosphors exhibit distinct thermal quenching properties, whose emission intensity at 473 K is 82.6% of that at 298 K. Our results indicate that BYSO:Bi3+,Eu3+ may be applied as conversion phosphors for n‐UV‐based W‐LEDs.
Hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: a practical framework for treatment optimization – systematic review and recommendations from the HS ALLIANCE working group
Authors: Zouboulis C.C. , Bechara F.G. , Dickinson‐Blok J.L. , Gulliver W. , Horváth B. , Hughes R. , Kimball A.B. , Kirby B. , Martorell A. , Podda M. , Prens E.P. , Ring H.C. , Tzellos T. , van der Zee H.H. , van Straalen K.R. , Vossen A.R.J.V. , Jemec G.B.E. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHidradenitis suppurativa (HS)/acne inversa is a debilitating chronic disease that remains poorly understood and difficult to manage. Clinical practice is variable, and there is a need for international, evidence‐based and easily applicable consensus on HS management. We report here the findings of a systematic literature review, which were subsequently used as a basis for the development of international consensus recommendations for the management of patients with HS. A systematic literature review was performed for each of nine clinical questions in HS (defined by an expert steering committee), covering comorbidity assessment, therapy (medical, surgical and combinations) and response to treatment. Included articles underwent data extraction and were graded according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine criteria. Evidence‐based recommendations were then drafted, refined and voted upon, using a modified Delphi process. Overall, 5310 articles were screened, 171 articles were analysed, and 65 were used to derive recommendations. These articles included six randomized controlled trials plus cohort studies and case series. The highest level of evidence concerned dosing recommendations for topical clindamycin in mild disease (with systemic tetracyclines for more frequent/widespread lesions) and biologic therapy (especially adalimumab) as second‐line agents (following conventional therapy failure). Good‐quality evidence was available for the hidradenitis suppurativa clinical response (HiSCR) as a dichotomous outcome measure in inflammatory areas under treatment. Lower‐level evidence supported recommendations for topical triclosan and oral zinc in mild‐to‐moderate HS, systemic clindamycin and rifampicin in moderate HS and intravenous ertapenem in selected patients with more severe disease. Intralesional or systemic steroids may also be considered. Local surgical excision is suggested for mild‐to‐moderate HS, with wide excision for more extensive disease. Despite a paucity of good‐quality data on management decisions in HS, this systematic review has enabled the development of robust and easily applicable clinical recommendations for international physicians based on graded evidence.
Morphological alterations in minor salivary glands of HTLV1+ patients: A pilot study
Authors: do Vale Daniela Assis , Andrade Natália Silva , Casseb Jorge , de Oliveira Augusto Penalva , Bussolotti Filho Ivo , Trierveiler Marilia , Ortega Karem López 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundAmong the complex of HTLV‐associated diseases, Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is one of the most controversial. This work aims to detect morphological and inflammatory alterations, including clues of the presence of HTLV‐1, in minor salivary glands of patients with dryness symptoms.MethodsWe have assessed HTLV‐1‐seropositive patients (HTLV‐1 group) and patients with SS (SS group). We used formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded minor salivary gland tissue to evaluate the morphological aspects and, by means of immunohistochemistry, the presence of Tax protein, CD4, CD8 and CD20 cells. Additionally, viral particles and proviral load were analysed by PCR.ResultsThe HTLV‐1 group had the highest prevalence of non‐specific chronic sialadenitis (85.71%; P = 0.017) and greater amount of T CD8+ cells. In the SS group, focal lymphocytic sialadenitis (80%; P = 0.017) prevailed, with a greater amount of B CD20+. Both immunohistochemistry and PCR identified the Tax protein and its gene in the salivary glands of both groups and in similar proportions.ConclusionThe results indicate that HTLV‐1‐seropositive patients have different patterns of morphological/inflammatory alterations, suggesting a likely difference in the process of immune activation.
Application of different pharmacokinetic models to describe and predict pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in magellanic penguins following oral administration
Authors: Parsley Ruth A. , Mutlow Adrian G. , Hansted Jacqueline , Taverne Femke J. , Tell Lisa A. , Gehring Ronette 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAspergillosis is a condition causing serious morbidity and mortality in captive penguins and other bird species. It can be treated with antifungal drugs, such as voriconazole. However, the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole are variable between different animal and bird species. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole were investigated in this study in Magellanic penguins. Pharmacokinetic models were constructed and applied to predict the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole during long‐term treatment in Magellanic penguins, since the voriconazole treatment duration in chronic aspergillosis cases can last up to several months. Plasma voriconazole concentration–time data from adult Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus; n = 15) following a single oral (PO) dose of either 2.5 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg in a herring in three separate study periods 7–12 months apart were collected. Mean plasma voriconazole concentrations were above the targeted MIC for Aspergillus fumigatus for 2 hr following a single 2.5 mg/kg voriconazole dose while the plasma concentrations exceeded the MIC for least 24 hr following a 5 mg/kg dose. Nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling was used to fit two pharmacokinetic models, one with first‐order and another with saturable elimination, to the single‐dose data. Fits were good for both, as long as dose was included as a covariate for the first‐order model so that clearance was lower and the half‐life longer for animals receiving the 5 mg/kg dose. Although the single‐dose data suggested saturated elimination at higher concentrations, the model with saturable elimination did not predict plasma voriconazole concentrations well for a clinical aspergillosis case receiving long‐term treatment, possibly because of induction of metabolizing enzymes with chronic exposure. Pharmacokinetic models should accurately predict plasma drug concentrations for different dosage regimens in order to be applicable in the field. Future studies should focus on determining clearance at steady‐state to be able to refine the pharmacokinetic models presented here and improve model performance for long‐term oral voriconazole administration in Magellanic penguins.
Spreading Patterns of Malicious Information on Single‐Lane Platooned Traffic in a Connected Environment
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Yu Guizhen , Wu Xinkai , Wang Yunpeng , He Xiaozheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe connected vehicle can be easily attacked by cyber threats due to its communication through the wireless network in an open‐access environment. But very few studies have paid attention to the spreading of malicious information such as denial of service, message delay/replay, and eavesdropping generated by cyberattacks. To this end, this article introduces an analytical model, named vehicular malicious information propagation (VMIP), which integrates a classical epidemic model through two‐layer system structure, in which the upper layer describes the malicious information spreading and the lower describes the traffic flow dynamics. The proposed VMIP model is designated for platooned (one‐lane, particularly) traffic. Numerical experiments show the proposed model can efficiently describe the interactions between traffic dynamics and malicious information spreading; and the information propagation highly depends on traffic flow patterns. This article is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of cyberattacks on traffic and lays a foundation for future development of control strategies on mitigating the disastrous effects of cyberattacks.
Effect of nutrients on the growth of a new alpine strain of Haematococcus (Chlorophyceae) from New Zealand
Authors: Mazumdar Nilanjana , Novis Phil M. , Visnovsky Gabriel , Gostomski Peter A. 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYThe microalga Haematococcus lacustris is a source of astaxanthin used widely in aquaculture, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. A new strain of Haematococcus (LCR‐26C‐1f) isolated from the New Zealand alpine zone was evaluated in this study. The influence of vitamins, micronutrients, various carbon and nitrogen sources were investigated to maximize biomass production in batch cultures using shake flasks. Supplementation of vitamins consisting of thiamine, biotin, and cyanocobalamin improved the cell density by 40% over the vitamin‐free medium. Out of the individual vitamins tested, thiamine was shown to be necessary to maintain high cell densities. The best nitrogen source tested was nitrate in the form of sodium nitrate, at a 40 mM concentration. Heterotrophic growth yielded much lower cell densities compared to autotrophic growth. The micronutrients iron and manganese were essential for growth. However, the best growth was obtained using a micronutrient mix that included iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum.
Holding Back the Storm: Target Populations and State Climate Adaptation Planning in America
Authors: Koski Chris , Keating Megan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the landscape of state‐level adaptation planning in the United States. We answer three primary research questions: First, how are states planning for climate change? Second, who are states targeting for climate adaptation? Third, what tools are states using to motivate climate adaptation efforts? We develop and implement a coding scheme using Schneider and Ingram’s Social Construction Framework (SCF) to characterize variation in 2033 individual adaptation goals mentioned in all 14 American states with explicit adaptation plans. We use these data to understand the types of tools used to motivate different actors (governmental, private, nonprofit) to adapt to climate change. We find that the most frequent target of state adaptation planning is the state itself, which provides an opportunity to extend the SCF to a target group often not mentioned in public policy. Specifically, we find that states target themselves with mandates or tools designed to acquire information. Other stakeholders in adaptation are more likely to be the targets of capacity building tools. Private actors are the only population more likely to be targeted by incentives. The project expands the Social Construction Framework to include targets and tools of planning efforts. Practically, our article offers a methodology by which to compare the vastly heterogeneous efforts to adapt to climate change at the subnational level.
Experimental Investigation on Additively Manufactured Transpiration and Film Cooling Structures
Authors: Min Zheng , Huang Gan , Parbat Sarwesh Narayan , Yang Li , Chyu Minking K. 
Published: September 2018

The last 50 years has witnessed significant improvement in film cooling technologies while transpiration cooling is still not implemented in turbine airfoil cooling. Although transpiration cooling could provide higher cooling efficiency with less coolant consumption compared to film cooling, the fine pore structure and high porosity in transpiration cooling metal media always raised difficulties in conventional manufacturing. Recently, the rapid development of additive manufacturing has provided a new perspective to address such challenge. With the capability of the innovative powder bed selective laser metal sintering (SLMS) additive manufacturing technology, the complex geometries of transpiration cooling part could be precisely fabricated and endued with improved mechanical strength.
Present study utilized the SLMS additive manufacturing technology to fabricate the transpiration cooling and film cooling structures with Inconel 718 supperalloy. Five different types of porous media including two perforated plates with different hole pitches, metal sphere packing, metal wire mesh and blood vessel shaped passages for transpiration cooling were fabricated by EOS M290 System. One laidback fan-shaped film cooling coupon was also fabricated with the same printing process as the control group. Heat transfer tests under 3 different coolant mass flow rates and 4 different mainstream temperatures were conducted to evaluate the cooling performance of the printed coupons. The effects of geometry parameters including porosity, surface outlet area ratio and internal solid-fluid interface area ratio were investigated as well. The results showed that the transpiration cooling structures generally had higher cooling effectiveness than film cooling structure. The overall average cooling effectiveness of blood vessel shaped transpiration cooling reached 0.35, 0.5 and 0.57 respectively with low (1.2%), medium (2.4%) and high (3.6%) coolant injection ratios. The morphological parameters analysis showed the major factor that affected the cooling effectiveness most was the internal solid-fluid interface area ratio for transpiration cooling. This study showed that additive manufactured transpiration cooling could be a promising alternative method for turbine blade cooling and worthwhile for further investigations.
Strong absorption of solar energy by using wide band metamaterial absorber designed with plus-shaped resonators
Authors: Ünal Emin , Bağmancı Mehmet , Karaaslan Muharrem , Akgol Oguzhan , Sabah Cumali 
Published: September 2018

A new metamaterial absorber (MA) having distinct properties than those given in the literature is investigated. Although several designs have been studied for achieving absorption characteristics in single-band, dual-band and multiple bands within the whole spectrum of solar light, there has been limited number of researches examining the broadband MA in the visible light section of the spectrum. The designed structure is composed of the combination of three layers having different thicknesses including a metallic substrate, dielectric and a metal layer. Due to the sandwich-like structure, it can support the plasmonic resonance. The proposed structure, which provides a maximum absorption level of 99.42% at 579.26 THz, has a high absorption rate of 99% between the frequency band 545 and 628 THz. Numerical results indicate that the proposed structure has perfect absorption which is greater than 90.98% through the whole working frequency band. The dependency of the designed structure on the polarization angle is investigated for different incident angles with TE and TM polarizations as well as the TEM mode. In addition to its potential applications such as solar cells and cloaking, the designed structure can also be considered as a color sensor and an optical frequency sensor.
Averaged collision strength of Carbon Π ion of Druyvesteyn distribution in plasma
Authors: He Jian , Zhang Qingguo 
Published: September 2018

Non-Maxwellian distribution has been found in laboratory and space plasma in recent years. In this paper, averaged collision strengths of Carbon [Formula: see text] ion 133.53 nm are calculated for Druyvesteyn distribution for the non-Maxwellian distribution, when temperatures vary from 10[Formula: see text] K to 10[Formula: see text] K. Results indicate that significant differences between the averaged collision strengths occur for the Druyvesteyn distribution and the Maxwellian distribution, furthermore, for the Maxwellian distribution and the Druyvesteyn distribution with any characterizing parameter x, the averaged collision strengths increase with increasing temperature, and the averaged collision strengths are close to those of the Maxwellian distribution when the characterizing parameter x is close to [Formula: see text]. This calculation is significant for non-Maxwellian plasma.
Discrete unit square cover problem
Authors: Basappa Manjanna , Das Gautam K. 
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we consider the discrete unit square cover (DUSC) problem as follows: given a set [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] points and a set [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] axis-aligned unit squares in [Formula: see text], the objective is (i) to check whether the union of the squares in [Formula: see text] covers all the points in [Formula: see text], and (ii) if the answer is yes, then select a minimum cardinality subset [Formula: see text] such that each point in [Formula: see text] is covered by at least one square in [Formula: see text]. For the DUSC problem:(i)we propose a [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm, where [Formula: see text] is an integer parameter that defines a trade-off between the running time and the approximation factor of the algorithm. The running time of our proposed algorithm is [Formula: see text]. Our solution of the DUSC problem is based on a simple [Formula: see text]-approximation algorithm for the subproblem strip square cover (SSC) problem, where all the points in [Formula: see text] are lying within a horizontal strip of unit height.(ii)we also propose a 2-approximation algorithm, which runs in [Formula: see text] time. The 2-approximation algorithm is based on an algorithm for the subproblem SSC problem. The algorithm for the subproblem is developed using plane sweep and graph search traversal techniques. We also extend this algorithm to get 2-approximation result for the weighted DUSC problem where the squares are assigned weights, and the aim is to choose a subset [Formula: see text] such that each point in [Formula: see text] is covered by at least one square in [Formula: see text] and the sum of the weights of squares in [Formula: see text] is minimized.