bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dispersal predicts hybrid zone widths across animal diversity: Implications for species borders under incomplete reproductive isolation
Authors: McEntee Jay P. , Burleigh J. Gordon , Singhal Sonal 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHybrid zones occur as range boundaries for many animal taxa. One model for how hybrid zones form and are stabilized is the tension zone model. This model predicts that hybrid zones widths are determined by a a balance between random dispersal into hybrid zones and selection against hybrids, and it does not formally account for local ecological gradients. Given the model’s simplicity, it provides a useful starting point for examining variation in hybrid zone widths across animals. Here we examine whether random dispersal and a proxy for selection against hybrids (mtDNA distance) can explain variation in hybrid zone widths across 135 hybridizing taxon pairs. We show that dispersal explains >30% of hybrid zone width variation across animal diversity and that mtDNA distance explains little variation. Clade-specific analyses revealed idiosyncratic patterns. Dispersal and mtDNA distance predict hybrid zone widths especially well in reptiles, while hybrid zone width scaled positively with mtDNA distance in birds, opposite predictions. Lastly, the data suggest that lower bounds on hybrid zone widths may be set by dispersal and the extent of molecular divergence, suggesting that hybrid zones are unlikely to form in restricted geographic spaces in highly dispersive and/or recently diverged taxa. Overall, our analyses reinforce the fundamental importance of dispersal in hybrid zone formation, and more generally in the ecology of range boundaries.
Olfactory and neuromodulatory signals reverse visual object avoidance to approach in Drosophila
Authors: Cheng Karen Y. , Frye Mark A. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTInnate behavioral reactions to sensory stimuli may be subject to modulation by contextual conditions including signals from other modalities. Whereas sensory processing by individual modalities has been well-studied, the cell circuit mechanisms by which signals from different sensory systems are integrated to control behavior remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a new behavioral model to study the mechanisms of multisensory integration. This behavior, which we termed odor-induced visual valence reversal, occurs when the innate avoidance response to a small moving object by flying Drosophila melanogaster is reversed by the presence of an appetitive odor. Instead of steering away from the small object representing an approaching threat, flies begin to steer towards the object in the presence of odor. Odor-induced visual valence reversal occurs rapidly without associative learning and occurs for attractive odors including apple cider vinegar and ethanol, but not for innately aversive benzaldehyde. Optogenetic activation of octopaminergic neurons robustly induces visual valence reversal in the absence of odor, as does optogenetic activation of directional columnar motion detecting neurons that express octopamine receptors. Optogenetic activation of octopamine neurons drives calcium responses in the motion detectors. Taken together, our results implicate a multisensory processing cascade in which appetitive odor activates octopaminergic neuromodulation of visual pathways, which leads to increased visual saliency and the switch from avoidance to approach toward a small visual object.
Pioneer and nonpioneer factor cooperation drives lineage specific chromatin opening
Authors: Mayran Alexandre , Sochodolsky Kevin , Khetchoumian Konstantin , Harris Juliette , Gauthier Yves , Bemmo Amandine , Balsalobre Aurelio , Drouin Jacques 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPioneer transcription factors are coined as having the unique property of “opening closed chromatin sites” for implementation of cell fates. We previously showed that the pioneer Pax7 specifies melanotrope cells through deployment of an enhancer repertoire: this allows binding of Tpit, a nonpioneer factor that determines the related lineages of melanotropes and corticotropes. Here, we investigated the relation between these two factors in the pioneer mechanism. Cell-specific gene expression and chromatin landscapes were defined by scRNAseq and chromatin accessibility profiling. We found that in vivo deployment of the melanotrope enhancer repertoire and chromatin opening requires bothPax7andTpit. In cells, binding of heterochromatin targets by Pax7 is independent of Tpit but Pax7-dependent chromatin opening requires Tpit. The present work shows that pioneer core properties are limited to the ability to recognize heterochromatin targets and facilitate nonpioneer binding. Chromatin opening per se may be provided through cooperation with nonpioneer factors.
Exposure to a Healthy Gut Microbiome Protects Against Reproductive and Metabolic Dysregulation in a PCOS Mouse Model
Authors: Torres Pedro J. , Ho Bryan S. , Arroyo Pablo , Sau Lillian , Chen Annie , Kelley Scott T. , Thackray Varykina G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting approximately 10% of reproductive-aged women worldwide. Diagnosis requires two of the following: hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation and polycystic ovaries. In addition to reproductive dysfunction, many women with PCOS display metabolic abnormalities associated with hyperandrogenism. Recent studies have reported that the gut microbiome is altered in women with PCOS and rodent models of the disorder. However, it is unknown whether the gut microbiome plays a causal role in the development and pathology of PCOS. Given its potential role, we hypothesized that exposure to a healthy gut microbiome would protect against development of PCOS. A co-housing study was performed using a letrozole-induced PCOS mouse model that recapitulates many reproductive and metabolic characteristics of PCOS. Since mice are coprophagic, co-housing results in repeated, non-invasive inoculation of gut microbes in co-housed mice via the fecal-oral route. In contrast to letrozole-treated mice housed together, letrozole-treated mice co-housed with placebo mice showed significant improvement in both reproductive and metabolic PCOS phenotypes. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we observed that the gut microbial composition of letrozole-treated mice co-housed with placebo mice differed from letrozole mice housed together. In addition, our analyses identified several bacterial taxa includingCoprobacillus, DoreaandAdlercreutziaassociated with the improved PCOS phenotype in letrozole-treated mice co-housed with placebo mice. These results indicate that disruption of the gut microbiome may play a causal role in PCOS and that manipulation of the gut microbiome may be a potential treatment option for PCOS.SignificancePCOS is a common cause of female infertility and ~80% of women with PCOS have metabolic dysregulation that predisposes them to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since treatment options for the metabolic symptoms of PCOS are limited, there is a need to develop novel therapeutic options. The gut microbiome has emerged as an important player in human health and has been shown to play a causal role in obesity. In this study, we found that exposure to a healthy gut microbiome through co-housing protected against the development of reproductive and metabolic dysregulation in a PCOS mouse model. These results suggest that manipulation of the gut microbiome may be a potential treatment option for women with PCOS.
Nanobodies reveal an extra-synaptic population of SNAP-25 and Syntaxin 1A in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Maidorn Manuel , Olichon Aurélien , Rizzoli Silvio O. , Opazo Felipe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSynaptic vesicle fusion (exocytosis) is a precisely regulated process that entails the formation of SNARE complexes between the vesicle protein synaptobrevin 2 (VAMP2) and the plasma membrane proteins Syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25. The sub-cellular localization of the latter two molecules remains unclear, although they have been the subject of many recent investigations. To address this, we generated two novel camelid single domain antibodies (nanobodies) specifically binding to SNAP-25 and Syntaxin 1A. These probes penetrated more easily into samples and detected their targets more efficiently than conventional antibodies in crowded regions. When investigated by super-resolution imaging, the nanobodies revealed substantial extra-synaptic populations for both SNAP-25 and Syntaxin 1A, which were poorly detected by antibodies. Moreover, extra-synaptic Syntaxin 1A molecules were recruited to synapses during stimulation, suggesting that these are physiologically-active molecules. We conclude that nanobodies are able to reveal qualitatively and quantitatively different organization patterns, when compared to conventional antibodies.
MosaicPlanner: Hardware Agnostic Array Tomography Acquisition Software
Authors: Serafin R. , Gliko O. , Smith S. J , Collman F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractArray tomography (AT) is a technique for acquiring high resolution highly multiplexed imagery from series of ultra-thin sections arranged as an array on a rigid substrate. Specialized microscope control has been required to utilize AT as an imaging technique, which is often time consuming, and yields small volume data sets. Here we present MosaicPlanner, an open source software platform for light level AT, that streamlines the acquisition process and utilizes the general microscope control API provided by Micro-Manager, allowing AT data to be acquired on a wide variety of microscope hardware. This report provides a description of the MosaicPlanner software design, and platform improvements that were implemented to increase the acquisition speed of high volume, multiplexed AT datasets.
Disorganization of the histone core promotes organization of heterochromatin into phase-separated droplets
Authors: Sanulli S. , Trnka MJ. , Dharmarajan V. , Tibble RW. , Pascal BD. , Burlingame A. , Griffin PR. , Gross JD. , Narlikar GJ. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe heterochromatin protein HP1 is proposed to enable chromatin compaction via liquid droplet formation. Yet, a connection between phase separation and chromatin compaction has not been experimentally demonstrated. More fundamentally, how HP1 action at the level of a single nucleosome drives chromatin compaction remains poorly understood. Here we directly demonstrate that the S.pombeHP1 protein, Swi6, compacts arrays of multiple nucleosomes into phase-separated droplets. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange, NMR, and mass-spectrometry, we further find that Swi6 substantially increases the accessibility and dynamics of buried histone residues within a mononucleosome. Restraining these dynamics via site-specific disulfide bonds impairs the compaction of nucleosome arrays into phase-separated droplets. Our results indicate that chromatin compaction and phase separation can be highly coupled processes. Further, we find that such coupling is promoted by a counter-intuitive function of Swi6, namely disorganization of the octamer core. Phase separation is canonically mediated by weak and dynamic multivalent interactions. We propose that dynamic exposure of buried histone residues increases opportunities for multivalent interactions between nucleosomes, thereby coupling chromatin compaction to phase separation. We anticipate that this new model for chromatin organization may more generally explain the formation of highly compacted chromatin assemblies beyond heterochromatin.
Phylogeny, phylogeography and hybridization of Caucasian barbels of the genusBarbus(Actinopterygii, Cyprinidae)
Authors: Levin Boris A. , Gandlin Alexander A. , Simonov Evgeniy S. , Levina Marina A. , Barmintseva Anna E. , Japoshvili Bella , Mugue Nikolai S. , Mumladze Levan , Mustafayev Namig J. , Pashkov Andrey N. , Roubenyan Haikaz R. , Shapovalov Maxim I. , Doadrio Ignacio 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships and the phylogeography of seven species of Caucasian barbels of the genusBarbuss. str. were studied based on extended geographic coverage and the use of mtDNA and nDNA markers. Based on the 26 species studied, matrilineal phylogeny of the genusBarbusis composed of two clades: a) West European clade, and b) Central and East European clade. The latter comprises two subclades: b1) Balkanian subclade, and b2) Ponto-Caspian subclade, which includes 11 lineages mainly from Black and Caspian Sea drainages. Caucasian barbels are not monophyletic and are subdivided into two groups. The Black Sea group encompasses species from tributaries of the Black Sea, including the reinstalledB. rionicus, except forB. kubanicus. The Caspian group includesB. ciscaucasicus, B. cyri(withB. goktschaicus, which might be synonymized withB. cyri), B. lacertafrom the Tigris-Euphrates basin andB. kubanicusfrom the Kuban basin. The genetic structure of Black Sea barbels was influenced by glaciation-deglaciation periods accompanied by freshwater phases, periods of migration and the colonization of Black Sea tributaries. Intra- and intergeneric hybridization among Caucasian barbines was revealed for the first time. In the present study, we report the discovery ofB. escherichiiin the Kuban basin, where onlyB. kubanicuswas known to inhabit. Hybrids of these two species were detected based on both mtDNA and nDNA markers. Remarkably, the Kuban population ofB. escherichiiis distant to closely located conspecific populations, and we consider it as a relic. We reveal the intergeneric hybridization between evolutionary tetraploid (2n=100)B. goktschaicusand evolutionary hexaploid (2n=150)Capoeta sevangiin Lake Sevan.
Ran-GTP is non-essential to activate NuMA for spindle pole focusing, but dynamically polarizes HURP to control mitotic spindle length
Authors: Tsuchiya Kenta , Hayashi Hisato , Nishina Momoko , Okumura Masako , Sato Yoshikatsu , Kanemaki Masato T. , Goshima Gohta , Kiyomitsu Tomomi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDuring mitosis, a bipolar spindle is assembled around chromosomes to efficiently capture chromosomes. Previous work proposed that a chromosome-derived Ran-GTP gradient promotes spindle assembly around chromosomes by liberating spindle assembly factors (SAFs) from inhibitory importins. However, Ran’s dual functions in interphase nucleocytoplasmic transport and mitotic spindle assembly have made it difficult to assess its mitotic roles in somatic cells. Here, using auxin-inducible degron technology in human cells, we developed acute mitotic degradation assays to dissect Ran’s mitotic roles systematically and separately from its interphase function. In contrast to the prevailing model, we found that the Ran pathway is not essential for spindle assembly activities that occur at sites spatially separated from chromosomes, including activating NuMA for spindle pole focusing or for targeting TPX2. In contrast, Ran-GTP is required to localize HURP and HSET specifically at chromosome-proximal regions. We demonstrated that Ran-GTP and importin-β coordinately promote HURP’s dynamic microtubule binding-dissociation cycle near chromosomes, which results in stable kinetochore-fiber formation. Intriguingly, this pathway acts to establish proper spindle length preferentially during prometaphase, rather than metaphase. Together, we propose that the Ran pathway is required to activate SAFs specifically near chromosomes, but not generally during human mitotic spindle assembly. Ran-dependent spindle assembly is likely coupled with parallel pathways to activate SAFs, including NuMA, for spindle pole focusing away from chromosomes.HighlightsUsing auxin-inducible degron technology, we developed mitotic degradation assays for the Ran pathway in human cells.The Ran pathway is non-essential to activate NuMA for spindle pole focusing.The Ran pathway dynamically polarizes HURP and defines mitotic spindle length preferentially during prometaphase.Ran-GTP is required to activate SAFs specifically near chromosomes, but not generally, in human mitotic cells.
Sensitivity of automatic control of emergency manoeuvre to parametric uncertainty of the airplane model
Authors: Graffstein Jerzy , Maslowski Piotr 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
The main purpose of this work was elaboration and verification of a method of assessing the sensitivity of automatic control laws to parametric uncertainty of an airplane’s mathematical model. The linear quadratic regulator (LQR) methodology was used as an example design procedure for the automatic control of an emergency manoeuvre. Such a manoeuvre is assumed to be pre-designed for the selected airplane.

Design/methodology/approach
The presented method of investigating the control systems’ sensitivity comprises two main phases. The first one consists in computation of the largest variations of gain factors, defined as differences between their nominal values (defined for the assumed model) and the values obtained for the assumed range of parametric uncertainty. The second phase focuses on investigating the impact of the variations of these factors on the behaviour of automatic control in the manoeuvre considered.

Findings
The results obtained allow for a robustness assessment of automatic control based on an LQR design. Similar procedures can be used to assess in automatic control arrived at through varying design methods (including methods other than LQR) used to control various manoeuvres in a wide range of flight conditions.

Practical implications
It is expected that the presented methodology will contribute to improvement of automatic flight control quality. Moreover, such methods should reduce the costs of the mathematical nonlinear model of an airplane through determining the necessary accuracy of the model identification process, needed for assuring the assumed control quality.

Originality/value
The presented method allows for the investigation of the impact of the parametric uncertainty of the airplane’s model on the variations of the gain-factors of an automatic flight control system. This also allows for the observation of the effects of such variations on the course of the selected manoeuvre or phase of flight. This might be a useful tool for the design of crucial elements of an automatic flight control system.
Development of thermo-regulating fabrics using PCM microcapsules with poly(methyl methacrylate-co-2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) shell andn-alkane core
Authors: Altun-Anayurt Ruhan , Alay-Aksoy Sennur , Alkan Cemil , Demirbag Sena , Tözüm M. Selda 
Published: November 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to prepare microencapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) and apply them to cotton and wool fabrics for developing thermo-regulating fabrics.Design/methodology/approachMicroencapsulatedn-hexadecane andn-octadecane with poly(methylmethacrylate-co-2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) shell was prepared. Microcapsules were fabricated using oil-in-water emulsion polymerization method. Their chemical structure, microstructure, thermal energy storage properties and thermal stability were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, polarized light microscope, differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The mean particle size was tested by a particle sized instrument. The microcapsules were applied to the wool and cotton fabrics using pad-dry-cure method. The thermo-regulating property of the fabrics was evaluated using the T-History test. The distribution and durability of the microcapsules on the fabrics was investigated with scanning electron microscopy.FindingsSpherical microcapsules with p(MMA-co-HEMA) shell andn-alkane core have been produced successfully.n-hexadecane in microcapsule solidifies at 14.8−15.6°C with the latent heat of 65.6−129.8 J/g and melts at 16.7−16.9°C with the latent heat of 67.6−136.9 J/g. Microencapsulatedn-octadecane solidifies at 25.8−26.3°C with the latent heat of 74.1−106.2 J/g and melts at 26.8−27.4°C with the latent heat of 80.3−113.4 J/g. The microcapsules have enough thermal stability to the temperature of 150°C that was applied during the fixation of microcapsules on the fabric. The thermo-regulating effect of the microcapsule-incorporated fabrics has been proved by the T-history test.Originality/valuePCM microcapsules with p(MMA-co-HEMA) shell andn-hexadecane andn-octadecane core have been produced and their usage to produce thermo-regulating textiles have been proved. To determine the thermo-regulating property of the fabrics treated with these new PCM microcapsules, a T-History system has been designed.
Open Taiwan Government data recommendation platform using DBpedia and Semantic Web based on cloud computing
Authors: Chen I-Cheng , Hsu I-Ching 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
In recent years, governments around the world are actively promoting the Open Government Data (OGD) to facilitate reusing open data and developing information applications. Currently, there are more than 35,000 data sets available on the Taiwan OGD website. However, the existing Taiwan OGD website only provides keyword queries and lacks a friendly query interface. This study aims to address these issues by defining a DBpedia cloud computing framework (DCCF) for integrating DBpedia with Semantic Web technologies into Spark cluster cloud computing environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed DCCF is used to develop a Taiwan OGD recommendation platform (TOGDRP) that provides a friendly query interface to automatically filter out the relevant data sets and visualize relationships between these data sets.

Findings
To demonstrate the feasibility of TOGDRP, the experimental results illustrate the efficiency of the different cloud computing models, including Hadoop YARN cluster model, Spark standalone cluster model and Spark YARN cluster model.

Originality/value
The novel solution proposed in this study is a hybrid approach for integrating Semantic Web technologies into Hadoop and Spark cloud computing environment to provide OGD data sets recommendation.
Information literacy and learners’ satisfaction
Authors: Aljanabi Abdulqadir Rahomee Ahmed , AL-Hadban Waleed K.H. Mohamed 
Published: November 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to empirically examine the relationships among information literacy (IL), social networking technology usage (SNTU) and learners’ satisfaction (LS) among university students. The research also aims to determine whether SNTU has a mediating role in the relationship between IL and LS.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the proposed framework, a self-administered questionnaire was adopted to gather data from students at Komar University of Science and Technology. Of a total of 520 questionnaires, 335 were returned and subsequently used for statistical analysis. The collected data were analysed using Smart-PLS software version 3.2.0.

Findings
The results of the present research indicate that both IL and SNTU have significant effects on LS. Furthermore, the results suggest that SNTU has a mediating role in the relationship between IL and LS and that IL has the ability to strengthen LS via SNTU.

Originality/value
This study offers significant insights that could guide educational institutions in their understanding of LS and the key factors that may affect it. Previous studies have not prioritized the impact of IL and SNTU on LS, and thus the results of this study can serve as a basis for enhancing LS in other educational sectors.