bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of mind the gap in the organization of the tracheal apical extracellular matrix in Drosophila and Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Yue Xiang‐Zhao , Li Dan , Lv Jun , Liu Kai , Chen Jie , Zhang Wen‐Qing 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe tracheal apical extracellular matrix (aECM) is vital for expansion of the tracheal lumen and supports the normal structure of the lumen to guarantee air entry and circulation in insects. Although it has been found that some cuticular proteins are involved in the organization of the aECM, unidentified factors still exist. Here, we found that mind the gap (Mtg), a predicted chitin‐binding protein, is required for the normal formation of the apical chitin matrix of airway tubes in the model holometabolous insect Drosophila melanogaster. Similar to chitin, the Mtg protein was linearly arranged in the tracheal dorsal trunk of the tracheae in Drosophila. Decreased mtg expression in the tracheae seriously affected the viability of larvae and caused tracheal chitin spiral defects in some larvae. Analysis of mtg mutant showed that mtg was required for normal development of tracheae in embryos. Irregular taenidial folds of some mtg mutant embryos were found on either lateral view of tracheal dorsal trunk or internal view of transmission electron microscopy analysis. These abnormal tracheae were not fully filled with gas and accompanied by a reduction in tracheal width, which are characteristic phenotypes of tracheal aECM defects. Furthermore, in the hemimetabolous brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, downregulation of NlCPAP1‐N (a homolog of mtg) also led to the formation of abnormal tracheal chitin spirals and death. These results suggest that mtg and its homolog are involved in the proper organization of the tracheal aECMs in flies and BPH, and that this function may be conserved in insects.
Just a little delirium‐ A report from the other side
Authors: Larsen Rune Arild 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn urine tract infection developed in a serious way with shivering and other signs of septicaemia when the author was planning going skiing. After being admitted to his teaching hospital, the condition got worse with mental confusion. The author thought that he was to be executed due to a new law, giving the relatives of patients who have died during his care, a right to demand his assignation in the most cruel way. This is the thoughts and observations made during the illness.
Persistence of use of prescribed cannabinoid medicines in Manitoba, Canada: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Alkabbani Wajd , Marrie Ruth Ann , Bugden Shawn , Alessi‐Severini Silvia , Bolton James M. , Daeninck Paul , Leong Christine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsTo estimate prevalence of continuous use (persistence) of prescribed cannabinoid medications for up to 1 year from initial prescription in Manitoba, Canada and predictors of duration of use.Design and settingA retrospective, population‐based, cohort study using administrative data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository located at the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy, Canada.ParticipantsPeople without a record of a previous prescription who were prescribed a cannabinoid medication from 1 April 2004 to 1 April 2016 followed for 1 year from the date of first prescription.MeasurementsContinuous prescribed cannabinoid medication use was defined as use without a gap exceeding 60 days between prescriptions. The primary outcome was prevalence of continuous prescribed cannabinoid medication use for up to 1 year. A secondary outcome was duration of continuous use. Predictors were socio‐demographic characteristics, medical diagnoses and type of cannabinoid medication.FindingsAmong 5452 new users, 18.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 17.08–19.12] were still using cannabinoids at 1 year. Median duration of use was 31 days [interquartile range (IQR) = 25–193]. This was highest for nabilone (33 days, IQR = 25–199) and lowest for nabiximols (20 days, IQR = 7–30). Use was longest among 19–45‐ and 46–64‐year‐old users and those with the highest socio‐economic status. Fibromyalgia [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.84–0.95], osteoarthritis (HR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.82–0.97) and substance use disorder (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.76–0.94) diagnoses were associated with longer use (HR for discontinuation—HR < 1 less discontinuation and longer use). A diagnosis of cancer was associated with shorter use (HR = 2.73, 95% CI = 2.02–3.67).ConclusionsIn Manitoba, Canada approximately 18% of people prescribed cannabinoid medication continue using for at least 1 year. Duration of use varies with type of cannabinoid medication, age, socio‐economic status and dagnosis.
Enhanced smoking cessation support for newly abstinent smokers discharged from hospital (the Hospital to Home trial): a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thorley Rebecca , Britton John , Nyakutsikwa Blessing , Opazo Breton Magdalena , Lewis Sarah A. , Murray Rachael L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and aimsThe United Kingdom's National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance (NICE PH48) recommends that pharmacotherapy combined with behavioural support be provided for all smokers admitted to hospital; however, relapse to smoking after discharge remains common. This study aimed to assess the effect of adding home support for newly abstinent smokers to conventional NICE‐recommended support in smokers discharged from hospital.DesignIndividually randomized parallel group trial.SettingOne UK acute hospital.ParticipantsA total of 404 smokers aged > 18 admitted to acute medical wards between June 2016 and July 2017 were randomized in equal numbers to each treatment group.Interventions and comparatorsThe intervention provided 12 weeks of at‐home cessation support, which included help in maintaining a smoke‐free home, help in accessing and using medication, further behavioural support and personalized feedback on home air quality. The comparator was NICE PH48 care as usual.MeasuresThe primary outcome was self‐reported continuous abstinence from smoking validated by an exhaled carbon monoxide level < 6 parts per million 4 weeks after discharge from hospital.FindingsIn an intention‐to‐treat analysis at the 4‐week primary end‐point, 38 participants (18.8%) in the usual care group and 43 (21.3%) in the intervention group reported continuous abstinence from smoking (odds ratio = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 0.72 to 1.90, Bayes factor = 0.33). There were no significant differences in any secondary outcomes, including self‐reported cessation at 3 months, having a smoke‐free home or number of cigarettes smoked per day in those who did not quit.ConclusionsProvision of a home visit and continued support to prevent relapse to smoking after hospital discharge did not appear to increase subsequent abstinence rate above usual care in accordance with UK guidance from the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence.
Rural competencies in emerging medical practitioners: Beyond clinical skills
Authors: Martin Priya , Sen Gupta Tarun , Bond Deanne , Douyere John , Mills Katie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProblemRecruitment and retention of rural doctors remains a challenge in Australia. The Queensland Rural Generalist Program was developed to address this challenge and provides a range of tailored professional development opportunities to support rural medical training, recruitment and retention. The Rural Generalist Vocational Preparation Workshop was developed to maintain connection with trainees during a known attrition risk period and address a gap in training that focused on competencies required for rural practice.DesignThe Rural Generalist Vocational Preparation Workshop, designed using adult learning principles, includes an optimal balance between theory, scenario‐based learning and facilitated group discussions. A cross‐sectional survey design was employed to evaluate the workshops delivered between 2015 and 2017.SettingThe workshops were attended by Queensland Rural Generalist Program trainees in the year prior to undertaking a vocational training position in a rural hospital or general practice. Participants were from 10 Hospital and Health Services in the Queensland public health sector at the time of attendance.Key measures for improvementAn evaluation survey captured participant feedback about the workshop, its value, impact and their intention to implement changes in practice.Strategies for changeFifty‐one trainees attended the workshops across four locations.Effects of changeEight‐eight per cent of participants reported intentions to implement changes to practice in: pursuit of career options and enhanced team work, leadership skills and networking.Lessons learntEvaluation results indicated that Rural Generalist Vocational Preparation Workshop was a highly valued opportunity. It provided future rural medical practitioners with professional support and networking opportunities, promoted identity formation and stimulated rural career planning.
Importance of over‐reading ambulatory ECG‐based microvolt T‐wave alternans to eliminate three main sources of measurement error
Authors: Takasugi Nobuhiro , Matsuno Hiroko , Takasugi Mieko , Shinoda Koichi , Watanabe Takatomo , Ito Hiroyasu , Okura Hiroyuki , Verrier Richard L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundAmbulatory electrocardiogram (ECG)‐based microvolt T‐wave alternans values measured by the modified moving average method (MMA‐TWA) can be disrupted by T‐wave changes that mimic true repolarization alternans.MethodsWe investigated potential sources of measurement error by studying 19 healthy subjects (12 men; median age, 25) free of known heart disease with 36‐month follow‐up to establish freedom from significant arrhythmia or syncope. All participants underwent 24‐hr continuous 12‐lead ECG monitoring. Causes of automated MMA‐TWA ≥42 µV episodes were classified based on visual inspection.ResultsA total of 2,189 episodes of automated MMA‐TWA episodes ≥42 µV were observed in all subjects (peak MMA‐TWA: median, 94 μV; interquartile range, 81–112 μV). All episodes included one or more beats with T‐wave deformation which lacked “repeating ABAB pattern” and therefore were identified as TWA measurement error. Causes of such error were categorized as: (a) artifact [72.6% (1,589/2,189), observed in 19 (100%) subjects], more frequently in limb than precordial leads; (b) T‐wave changes due to changes in heart/body position [25.5% (559/2,189), observed in 14 (73.7%) subjects], frequently observed in leads V1‐2; and (c) postextrasystolic T‐wave changes [1.9% (41/2,189), observed in 2 (10.5%) subjects].ConclusionsRelying only on automated MMA‐TWA values obtained during ambulatory ECG monitoring can lead to incorrect measurement of TWA. Our findings offer the potential to reduce false‐positive TWA results and to achieve more accurate detection of true repolarization alternans.
S1‐Leitlinie Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) – Update 2018
Authors: Ugurel Selma , Kortmann Rolf‐Dieter , Mohr Peter , Mentzel Thomas , Garbe Claus , Breuninger Helmut , Bauer Sebastian , Grabbe Stephan 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungDas Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) ist eine sehr seltene Tumorentität. Nichtsdestotrotz stellt es das häufigste kutane Sarkom dar. Das DFSP ist ein Tumor fibroblastischen Ursprungs und durch ein langsames, unterminierendes, lokal destruktives Wachstum charakterisiert. Eine Metastasierung ist selten. Das klinische Bild ist uncharakteristisch, so dass die Erstdiagnose oftmals verzögert gestellt wird. Die Biopsie und anschließende histopathologische Untersuchung ist daher von essenzieller Bedeutung für die Diagnosestellung eines DFSP. Die Standardtherapie im Primärtumorstadium ist die chirurgische Exzision mit einem Sicherheitsabstand von 1 bis 2 cm. Kleinere Sicherheitsabstände sind mit einem erhöhten Lokalrezidivrisiko verbunden. Inoperable oder metastasierte Tumoren können bestrahlt werden. Bei 80–90 % der DFSP liegt eine Genfusion vor, die zu einer konstitutiven Aktivierung des PDGF‐b‐Signalweges führt. Daher ist die molekular zielgerichtete Therapie gegen PDGF‐β eine wirksame Therapieoption bei inoperabel ausgedehnten oder metastasierten DFSP. Die erste und bislang einzige Substanz mit einer Zulassung zur Systemtherapie des DFSP ist der Multikinaseinhibitor Imatinib mit einer objektiven Ansprechrate von 50 % im Rahmen klinischer Studien.
Extragenitale kutane Warzen – Klinik, Diagnose und Therapie
Authors: Abeck Dietrich , Tetsch Larissa , Lüftl Matthias , Biedermann Tilo 
Published: June 2019

ZusammenfassungExtragenitale Warzen sind durch humane Papillomviren (HPV) ausgelöste gutartige Tumoren der Epidermis, die typ‐ und lokalisationsabhängig sehr unterschiedliche klinische Manifestationsformen ausbilden und ein häufiger Konsultationsgrund sind. In der Regel sind sie selbstlimitierend, so dass ein Abwarten gerechtfertigt ist. Schmerzen sie jedoch oder belasten sie psychisch, besteht immer die Indikation zur Behandlung, wobei der individuelle Leidensdruck, das Alter des Betroffenen, die Warzenlokalisation, die Zahl der Läsionen und die Bestehensdauer berücksichtigt werden müssen. Destruktive Verfahren tragen entweder chemisch oder physikalisch das Warzengewebe ab. Antimitotische und antivirale Wirkstoffe verhindern nichtdestruktiv die Vermehrung infizierter Keratinozyten beziehungsweise der Viren in den Keratinozyten. Verschiedene Immuntherapien wirken örtlich begrenzt oder systemisch. Letzteres hat den Vorteil, dass auch weit vom Injektionsort entfernte Warzen abheilen. Aus diesem Grund ist diese Form der Immuntherapie vor allem bei Patienten mit Warzen in mehreren Lokalisationen zu favorisieren. Bei Therapieresistenz im Erwachsenenalter ist vor allem die intraläsionale Immuntherapie mit dem Masern‐Mumps‐Röteln‐Impfstoff ein vielversprechender Therapieansatz, bei Kindern und Jugendlichen dagegen die Impfung gegen humane Papillomviren zur Krebsvorsorge, auch wenn diese Impfung bislang nicht zur Behandlung von Warzen zugelassen ist. Zurzeit kann kein Therapieverfahren eine vollständige Abheilung garantieren. Für zahlreiche, auch häufig eingesetzte Therapien fehlen derzeit aussagekräftige klinische Studien.
Lutte contre les chenilles des noctuelles défoliatrices de la culture de la menthe verte (Mentha spicata L.) au Maroc
Authors: El Fakhouri K. , Lhaloui S. , Faouzi B. , El Bouhssini M. , Sabraoui A. , Rochd M. 
Published: June 2019

Les chenilles des noctuelles défoliatrices, notamment les espèces Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera littoralis, Chrysodeixis chalcites et les vers gris Agrotis ipsilon et A. segetum, sont parmi les insectes ravageurs les plus destructifs de la culture de la menthe verte au Maroc. Pour contrôler ces ravageurs, les producteurs appliquent, à différentes reprises, des insecticides non sélectifs lesquels sont parfois non homologués. Ce travail étudie l'efficacité de différents insecticides sélectifs issus de la chimie de synthèse ainsi que d'autres insecticides autorisés en agriculture biologique sur ces chenilles, permettant une meilleure protection et limitant les problèmes de résidus de pesticides. Deux insecticides autorisées en agriculture biologique et 4 issus de la chimie de synthèse ont été testés en plein champ sur les chenilles défoliatrices, suivant un dispositif expérimental en blocs aléatoires complets avec 3 répétitions. L’étude comparative de l'efficacité des produits testés a montré une réduction moyenne du nombre des chenilles de 89,4%, 82,5% et 68,1% correspondant à une réduction moyenne de la défoliation de 57,1%, 53,8% et 43,9%, et ce respectivement pour les deux insecticides sélectifs, le chlorantraniliprole (15 cc hL−1) et l’émamectine benzoate (250 g ha−1), ainsi que pour un insecticide biologique à base de spinosad (30 cc hL−1). Un gain de poids frais total par rapport au témoin non traité a été enregistré, de 48,3%, 50,9%, et 40,4% respectivement pour le chlorantraniliprole, l'émamectine benzoate, et le spinosad. Le chlorantraniliprole, l’émamectine benzoate et le spinosad pourraient donc se substituer aux insecticides de synthèse à large spectre fréquemment utilisés sur la menthe verte au Maroc.
Cross‐genus adoptions in delphinids: One example with taxonomic discussion
Authors: Carzon Pamela , Delfour Fabienne , Dudzinski Kathleen , Oremus Marc , Clua Éric 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough relatively rare, adoptions have been reported in a number of mammals, involving almost exclusively individuals of the same species, and hardly ever between species or across genera. Adoption remains poorly documented and its proximate causes are controversial. Here, we describe a unique case of a cross‐genus adoption within a small community of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) at Rangiroa Atoll in French Polynesia. It involves a foster female adopting a presumed melon‐headed whale (Peponocephala electra) calf while already mothering its presumed biological offspring. While the inclusive fitness hypothesis can be rejected for this adult female mother, acquisition of parental skills is also unlikely to have driven adoption in parallel to natural motherhood. We argue that the primiparous foster mother’s inexperience and personality may have contributed to factors driving such non‐adaptive behavior. We also propose that the adoptee’s persistence in initiating and maintaining an association with the adult female bottlenose dolphin could have played a major role in the adoption’s ultimate success, as well as the persistence of this cross‐genus adoption after the disappearance of the biological offspring. A brief discussion of adoption and hybridization within the Delphinidae taxon is included to identify how this cross‐genus adoption fits into context of marine mammal parental care.
Key roles of Rho GTPases, YAP, and Mutant P53 in anti‐neoplastic effects of statins
Authors: Ji Lixia , Liu Chaolong , Yuan Yanting , Gao Hui , Tang Zhen‐xue , Yang Zhihong , Liu Zhan‐tao , Jiang Guo‐hui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEmerging epidemiological and preclinical studies have focused on statins and mevalonate pathway to identify potential therapeutic target and clarify the underlying mechanism of the anti‐neoplastic effects. Reductions of mevalonate or isoprenoids, caused by statins, would further decrease the isoprenylation of Rho GTPases which is the crucial step for Rho GTPases to anchor on inner cellular membrane. Following anchoring, activated Rho GTPases can mediate a series of cellular activities such as cytoskeleton reprogramming, front–rear polarity, and cell‐ECM adhesion. These changes not only facilitate tumor cell detachment and migration but also bring great mechanical changes to directly activate YAP, the major nuclear mechanotransducer, to translocate into nucleus. Recently, statins have been identified as potent inhibitors of YAP. Once entering nucleus, YAP would combine TEADs to promote the transcription of about 100 genes, which are involved in cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, stemness, invasion, and metastasis. Besides, statins are able to promote the degradation of misfolded mutant p53 (mutp53), which is an oncogene in a variety of human malignancies. Reduction in mevalonate‐5‐phosphate (MVP), also induced by statins, would impair the stability of DNAJA1‐mutp53 complex; then, elevated C terminus of Hsc70‐interacting protein (CHIP) mediates the nuclear export and degradation of misfolded mutp53 through ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. It is worth noted that YAP, mutp53, and mevalonate pathway form two positive feedback loops. It is reasonable to believe that Rho GTPases, YAP, and mutp53 are determinants for statins as anti‐cancer agents: tumor cells harboring mutp53 and nuclear‐located YAP would be more sensitive to statins.
Understanding how and why adding valid predictors can decrease the validity of selection composites: A generalization of Sackett, Dahlke, Shewach, and Kuncel (2017)
Authors: Murphy Kevin R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt is usually assumed that adding more valid predictors will increase the predictive power of a selection test battery. Sackett, Dahlke, Shewach, and Kuncel showed that when selection tests are combined using unit weights, adding a valid predictor can lead to a decrease in validity. Situating the Sackett et al. approach in a more general multivariate framework I show how: (a) it is the tradeoff between predictor validity and predictor intercorrelations, and not the differences in predictor validities that determines whether adding a valid predictor to a composite will cause the validity of that composite to increase or decrease; and (b) this same dynamic applies across a wide range of non‐optimal schemes for weighting predictors and/or criteria.
To identify the factors that influence the recognizing and responding to adult patient deterioration in acute hospitals
Authors: Treacy Michelle , Caroline Stayt Louise 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsTo identify factors that influence recognition and response to adult patient deterioration in acute hospitals.DesignA mixed‐studies systematic review.Data SourcesCINAHL, Medline, and Web of Science were searched for relevant literature published between 2007 – 2018.Review MethodsStudies were critically appraised, data extracted and thematically analysed.ResultsThirteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Three main themes were identified: (a) Knowledge and understanding of clinical deterioration; (b) Organizational factors; managing deterioration and staffing levels; and (c) Communication; inter‐professional relationships and professional‐patient communication.ConclusionDespite national guidelines, the review findings suggest that the recognition and response to adult patient deterioration in acute hospital settings is sub‐optimal. A multitude of factors influencing the recognition and response to adult patient deterioration emerged from the findings.ImpactPatients are receiving sub‐optimal care due to failure in recognizing and responding to patient deterioration in an appropriate and timely manner. Nurses lack knowledge and understanding of deterioration. Organizational factors contribute to inadequate care and communication among professionals was highlighted as challenging. The factors that influence the recognizing and responding to patient deterioration in acute hospitals are multi‐faceted, however this review highlights immediate recommendations for professionals in the acute care setting.