bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Registered nurse’s experiences of continence care for older people: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Borglin Gunilla , Hew Thach Emelie , Jeppsson Maria , Sjögren Forss Katarina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThis study aimed to illuminate nurses’ experience of continence care for older people receiving home care, either in their own home or in an assisted living facility.BackgroundRegistered Nurses (RNs) have a major role to play in identifying and establishing appropriate actions regarding continence care for older people. However, the crucial nursing care pathway for continence care is commonly described as poor.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 11 RNs providing home care, and the transcribed texts were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultThe impressions of RNs were categorised according to four themes: perceptions of continence care, an open approach to continence care, the need for personalised aid fittings and the importance of teamwork in continence care. Key findings were the importance of teamwork; the need for nurses to embrace leadership at the point of care and be more visible in terms of the provision of direct care; substantiation that evidence‐based interventions, such as scheduled toileting and prompted voiding, should constitute the norm in continence care within the context of home care; and the need for nurses to support the right of older persons to receive an assessment of their continence problems, deemed to be the minimum standard of quality care.ConclusionThe provision of continence care that is based on key nursing standards, such as evidence‐based and person‐centred care, as well as individualised continence care that is based on evidenced‐based guidelines, would ensure an improvement in the continence care that is presently on offer to older people.Implications for practiceNurses need to embrace leadership at the point of care and to be more visible with the provision of direct care in order to improve continence care for older people receiving home care.
Generalized, severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex caused by a Keratin 5 p.E477K mutation
Authors: Sheppard Sarah E. , Anderson Laura Elizabeth , Sibbald Cathryn , Cotton Colleen , Bhoj Elizabeth , Perman Marissa J. , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie 
Published: October 2019

AbstractEpidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a skin fragility disorder resulting from mutations of structural proteins in the epidermis. We provide a brief report of long‐term survival and reproduction in a mother with EBS due to keratin 5 (KRT5) c.1429G > A (p.E477K) mutation, which causes a particularly severe form of the disease.
Frontal theta and posterior alpha in resting EEG: A critical examination of convergent and discriminant validity
Authors: Smith Ezra E. , Tenke Craig E. , Deldin Patricia J. , Trivedi Madhukar H. , Weissman Myrna M. , Auerbach Randy P. , Bruder Gerard E. , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Kayser Jürgen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPrior research has identified two resting EEG biomarkers with potential for predicting functional outcomes in depression: theta current density in frontal brain regions (especially rostral anterior cingulate cortex) and alpha power over posterior scalp regions. As little is known about the discriminant and convergent validity of these putative biomarkers, a thorough evaluation of these psychometric properties was conducted toward the goal of improving clinical utility of these markers. Resting 71‐channel EEG recorded from 35 healthy adults at two sessions (1‐week retest) were used to systematically compare different quantification techniques for theta and alpha sources at scalp (surface Laplacian or current source density [CSD]) and brain (distributed inverse; exact low resolution electromagnetic tomography [eLORETA]) level. Signal quality was evaluated with signal‐to‐noise ratio, participant‐level spectra, and frequency PCA covariance decomposition. Convergent and discriminant validity were assessed within a multitrait‐multimethod framework. Posterior alpha was reliably identified as two spectral components, each with unique spatial patterns and condition effects (eyes open/closed), high signal quality, and good convergent and discriminant validity. In contrast, frontal theta was characterized by one low‐variance component, low signal quality, lack of a distinct spectral peak, and mixed validity. Correlations between candidate biomarkers suggest that posterior alpha components constitute reliable, convergent, and discriminant biometrics in healthy adults. Component‐based identification of spectral activity (CSD/eLORETA‐fPCA) was superior to fixed, a priori frequency bands. Improved quantification and conceptualization of frontal theta is necessary to determine clinical utility.
The heart of cognitive control: Cardiac phase modulates processing speed and inhibition
Authors: Makowski Dominique , Sperduti Marco , Blondé Philippe , Nicolas Serge , Piolino Pascale 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBodily states are heavily intertwined with cognitive processes. A prominent communication channel between bodily signals and brain structures is provided by baroreceptors. Their phasic activity associated with the cardiac phase has been shown to modulate cognitive control in socio‐emotional contexts. However, whether this effect is specific to the affective dimension or impacts general cognitive control processes remains controversial. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of cardiac phase on different facets of cognitive control. We built a nonemotional cognitive control task to delineate mechanisms such as processing speed, response selection, response inhibition, and conflict monitoring. We showed that the systole (after the blood is ejected from the heart), compared to the diastole, was related to faster responses. Moreover, the cardiac phase dynamics also impacted response inhibition, with an increased probability of failure toward the middle of the course of systole. Although the reported effects were small in terms of magnitude, they highlight the influence of bodily states on abstract cognitive processes.
Spatial Quantification of the Population Exposed to Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii Species Complexes in Europe: Estimating the Immunocompetent and HIV/AIDS Patients Under Risk
Authors: Alaniz Alberto J. , Carvajal Jorge G. , Carvajal Mario A. , Cogliati Massimo , Vergara Pablo M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCryptococcus is an important fungal pathogen worldwide, causing serious clinical manifestations that can affect immunocompetent patients and can be particularly severe for immunocompromised patients. The Cryptococcus gattii s.s. (AFLP4/VGI), Cryptococcus tetragattii (AFLP/VGIV), Cryptococcus neoformans, and Cryptococcus deneoformans have been isolated from both clinical and environmental sources in Europe. We aim to quantify the people in Europe and the entire Mediterranean area who are under risk associated with each of the three fungal pathogens in a spatially explicit way, generating a series of maps and population statistics per country. Niche modeling was applied to estimate the potential distribution of each fungal pathogen, then these models were overlapped with a map of population density to estimate risk levels. The potential number of people per risk level and per country was quantified using a map of population count per pixel. Prevalence of HIV per country was also included in the analysis to quantify the HIV‐infected population under potential risk. People under risk associated with exposure to C. gattii species (C. gattii s.s. and C. tetragattii) reached 137.65 million, whereas those exposed to C. neoformans and C. deneoformans were 268.58 and 360.78 million people, respectively. More than a half million HIV‐infected patients are exposed to each of the two species of the C. neoformans species complex, and more than 200,000 to the C. gattii species complex. The present results can be useful for public health planning by European governments, focusing on the provision of inputs for a “screen‐and‐treat” approach, availability of medical resources, and continuous monitoring programs in risk zones.
Controls on accumulation of anomalously thick coals: Implications for sequence stratigraphic analysis
Authors: Wang Shuai , Shao Longyi , Wang Dongdong , Hilton Jason , Guo Biao , Lu Jing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCoal seams preserve high‐resolution records of ancient terrestrial water table (base level) fluctuations in ancient peat accumulations, but little is known about base level change in anomalously thick coal seams. Using the Early Cretaceous 91 m anomalously thick No. 6 coal (lignite) seam in the Erlian Basin (north‐east China) as a case study, the origin and evolution of peat accumulation in a continental faulted basin is revealed by sedimentological, sequence stratigraphic and coal petrological analyses. The lignite is dominated by huminite, indicating oxygen‐deficient and waterlogged conditions in the precursor mire. Four types of key sequence stratigraphic surfaces are recognized, including paludification, terrestrialization, accommodation‐reversal and give‐up transgressive surfaces. Vertically, the No. 6 coal seam consists of fourteen superimposed wetting‐up and drying‐up cycles separated by key sequence stratigraphic surfaces, with each of these cycles having a mean duration of about 156 to 173 kyr. In a high accommodation peat swamp system, the wetting‐up cycles are generally characterized by an upward increase in mineral matter and inertodetrinite and an upward decrease in huminite with the paludification surface as their base and the give‐up transgressive surface or accommodation‐reversal surface as their top, representing a trend of upward‐increasing accommodation. In contrast, the drying‐up cycles are generally characterized by an upward decrease in mineral matter and inertodetrinite and an upward increase in huminite, with the terrestrialization surface as their base and the accommodation‐reversal surface as their top, representing a trend of upward‐decreasing accommodation. A multi‐phase mire stacking model for accumulation of the coal seam is proposed based on high‐frequency accommodation cycles and the stratigraphic relationships between coal and clastic sediments. High‐frequency accommodation cycles in the coal are closely related to water table fluctuations in the precursor mires and are driven by high‐frequency climate via changes in the intensity and seasonality of precipitation in a relatively stable subsidence regime. Recognition that the No. 6 coal seam is composed of multiple stacked mires has implications for studies addressing palaeoclimatic inferences and genesis of anomalously thick coals seams.
An automated method for the selection of complex railway lines that accounts for multiple feature constraints
Authors: Li Chengming , Liu Xiaoli , Wu Wei , Wu Pengda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe automatic selection of railway marshaling lines is an important procedure in the generalization of road network data. The line selection results must be geometrically consistent with the topological features of the external/internal structural and topological connectivity of the railway stations. When current methods are used to process the lines at railway marshaling stations, which exhibit crisscrossing, dense, non‐hierarchical, and complex characteristics, the selected lines tend to be topologically and structurally erroneous. In this article, we propose an automated method for the selection and generalization of complex railway lines that accounts for multiple feature constraints. First, we identify four types of line structures in accordance with the spatial and topological features of railway stations. Then, based on length and spacing thresholds specified for the generalization process, line selection is performed while accounting for constraints regarding structural robustness and topological extensibility. Finally, we report the validation of our method on a dataset relating to Chengdu Railway Station, China. The results indicate that our method successfully preserves the external and internal structural features and connectivity of railway stations.
Corticospinal excitability modulation by pairing peripheral nerve stimulation with cortical states of movement initiation
Authors: Fu Lingdi , Rocchi Lorenzo , Hannah Ricci , Xu Guizhi , Rothwell John C. , Ibáñez Jaime 
Published: October 2019

Key points
We compare the effects on corticospinal excitability of repeatedly delivering peripheral nerve stimulation at three time points (−30 ms, 0 ms, +50 ms) relative to muscle onset in a cue‐guided task.
Plastic changes in excitability are only observed when stimuli are delivered immediately before the time when muscles activate, while stimuli delivered at muscle onset or shortly later (0, +50 ms) have no effect.
Plastic effects are abolished if there is ongoing volitional electromyogram activity in the muscles prior to the onset of the phasic contraction.
The plastic effects induced by timing peripheral stimulation relative to electromyographic markers of muscle activation are as effective as those that occur if stimulation is timed relative to electroencephalographic markers of motor cortical activation. We provide a simple alternative protocol to induce plasticity in people in whom electroencephalogram recording is difficult.
AbstractPlastic changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) and motor function can be induced in a targeted and long‐term manner if afferent volleys evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation are repeatedly associated with the peak of premovement brain activity assessed with an electroencephalogram (EEG). The present study investigated whether other factors might also characterize this optimal brain state for plasticity induction. In healthy human volunteers (n = 24), we found that the same reliable changes in CSE can be induced by timing peripheral afferent stimulation relative to the onset of electromyogram (EMG) activity rather than using the EEG peak. Specifically, we observed an increase in CSE when peripheral stimulation activated the cortex just before movement initiation. By contrast, there was no effect on CSE if the afferent input reached the cortex at the same time or after EMG onset, consistent with the idea that the temporal order of synaptic activation from afferent input and voluntary movement is important for production of plasticity. Finally, in 14 volunteers, we found that background voluntary muscle activity prior to movement also abolished the effect on CSE. One possible explanation is that the intervention strengthens synapses that are inactive at rest but change their activity in anticipation of movement, and that the intervention fails when the synapses are tonically active during background EMG activity. Overall, we demonstrate that, in individuals with voluntary control of muscles targeted by our intervention, EMG signals are a suitable alternative to an EEG for inducing plasticity by coupling movement‐related brain states with peripheral afferent input.
Differentiating Sitting, Standing, and Walking Through Regional Plantar Pressure Characteristics
Authors: Merry Kohle , MacPherson Megan , Macdonald Evan , Ryan Michael , Park Edward J. , Sparrey Carolyn J. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Prolonged static weight bearing (WBR) is thought to aggravate plantar heel pain and is common in the workplace, which may put employees at greater risk of developing plantar heel pain. However, objective measures of physical activity and sedentary behaviors in the workplace are lacking, making it difficult to establish or refute the connection between work exposure and plantar heel pain. Characterizing loading patterns during common workplace postures will enhance the understanding of foot function and inform the development of new measurement tools. Plantar pressure data during periods of sitting, standing, and walking were measured in ten healthy participants using the F-Scan in-shoe measurement system (Tekscan Inc, Boston, MA). Peak and average pressure, peak and average contact area, and average pressure differential were analyzed in ten different regions of the foot. A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed the posture by foot region interaction for each measurement parameter; significant effects of posture by foot region were identified for all five measurement parameters. Ten foot region by measurement parameter combinations were found to significantly differentiate all three postures simultaneously; seven used pressure measures to differentiate while three used area measures. The heel, lateral midfoot (LM), and medial and central forefoot (CFF) encompassed nine of ten areas capable of differentiating all postures simultaneously. This work demonstrates that plantar pressure is a viable means to characterize and differentiate three common workplace postures. The results of this study can inform the development of measurement tools for quantifying posture duration at work.
Analyses of Thermal Performance of Solar Power Tower Station Based on a Supercritical CO2 Brayton Cycle
Authors: Fang Lijun , Li Yang , Yang Xue , Yang Zeliang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, possessing an inherent capacity to couple with energy storage ideally, attracts a great deal of attention nowadays. However, these power plants with various types of CSP system still cannot compete with the traditional thermal power plants in terms of levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), and their potential for utilizing clear and renewable solar energy cannot be overestimated. To improve the total efficiency of the solar power tower (SPT) plant is the key factor for its development. In this present paper, a SPT plant based on an S-CO2 Brayton cycle (with S-CO2 serving as heat transfer and working fluid) is proposed. A numerical simulation is carried out to calculate the effects of key operating parameters, including power cycle and subsystem parameters, on the overall performance of the SPT plant. The results show that there is an optimum value for the compression ratio for the SPT plant. For the heat receiver, the trends of exergy and thermal efficiency varying with turbine inlet temperature are reversed, because of the significant energy loss caused by high temperature of the surface of the heat receiver. As for the overall performance, the SPT plant proposed in this paper is better than other SPT plants based on a steam Rankine system and an S-CO2 Brayton system with molten salt serving as heat transfer fluid (HTF) operating under the similar condition. Its overall thermal efficiency is 1.04% and 3.42% higher than that of two other SPT plants, respectively.
Simultaneous Interpretation of Relative Permeability and Capillary Pressure for a Naturally Fractured Carbonate Formation From Wireline Formation Testing
Authors: Liu Xiangnan , Yang Daoyong , Chen Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this paper, pragmatic and robust techniques have been developed to simultaneously interpret absolute permeability and relative permeability together with capillary pressure in a naturally fractured carbonate formation from wireline formation testing (WFT) measurements. By using two sets of pressure and flow rate field data collected by a dual-packer tool, two high-resolution cylindrical near-wellbore numerical models are developed for each dataset on the basis of single- and dual-porosity concepts. Then, simulations and history matchings are performed for both the measured pressure drawdown and buildup profiles, while absolute permeability is determined and relative permeability is interpreted with and without considering capillary pressure. Compared to the experimentally measured relative permeability curves for the same formation collected from the literature, relative permeability interpreted with consideration of capillary pressure has a better match than those without considering capillary pressure. Also, relative permeability obtained from dual-porosity models has similar characteristics to those from single-porosity models especially in the region away from the endpoints, though the computational expenses with dual-porosity models are much larger. Absolute permeabilities in the vertical and the horizontal directions of the upper layer are determined to be 201.0 mD and 86.4 mD, respectively, while those of the lower layer are found to be 342.9 mD and 1.8 mD, respectively. Such a large vertical permeability of the lower layer reflects the contribution of the extensively distributed natural fractures in the vertical direction.
Coupled stratigraphic and U-Pb zircon age constraints on the late Paleozoic icehouse-to-greenhouse turnover in south-central Gondwana
Authors: Griffis Neil Patrick , Montañez Isabel Patricia , Mundil Roland , Richey Jon , Isbell John , Fedorchuk Nick , Linol Bastien , Iannuzzi Roberto , Vesely Fernando , Mottin Thammy , da Rosa Eduardo , Keller Brenhin , Yin Qing-Zhu 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The demise of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age has been hypothesized as diachronous, occurring first in western South America and progressing eastward across Africa and culminating in Australia over an ∼60 m.y. period, suggesting tectonic forcing mechanisms that operate on time scales of 106 yr or longer. We test this diachronous deglaciation hypothesis for southwestern and south-central Gondwana with new single crystal U-Pb zircon chemical abrasion thermal ionizing mass spectrometry (CA-TIMS) ages from volcaniclastic deposits in the Paraná (Brazil) and Karoo (South Africa) Basins that span the terminal deglaciation through the early postglacial period. Intrabasinal stratigraphic correlations permitted by the new high-resolution radioisotope ages indicate that deglaciation across the S to SE Paraná Basin was synchronous, with glaciation constrained to the Carboniferous. Cross-basin correlation reveals two additional glacial-deglacial cycles in the Karoo Basin after the terminal deglaciation in the Paraná Basin. South African glaciations were penecontemporaneous (within U-Pb age uncertainties) with third-order sequence boundaries (i.e., inferred base-level falls) in the Paraná Basin. Synchroneity between early Permian glacial-deglacial events in southwestern to south-central Gondwana and pCO2 fluctuations suggest a primary CO2 control on ice thresholds. The occurrence of renewed glaciation in the Karoo Basin, after terminal deglaciation in the Paraná Basin, reflects the secondary influences of regional paleogeography, topography, and moisture sources.