bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalase C-262T Polymorphism Is a Risk Factor for Valproic Acid–Induced Abnormal Liver Function in Chinese Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Ma Linfeng , Pan Yue , Sun Ming , Shen Haonan , Zhao Limei , Guo Yingjie 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Individual susceptibility to valproic acid (VPA)-caused hepatotoxicity might result from genetic deficiencies in the detoxification and antioxidant enzymes including glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). This study aimed to investigate the relationships between GST mu 1 (GSTM1), GST theta 1 (GSTT1), CAT C-262T, GPx1 Pro200Leu, and SOD2 Val16Ala polymorphisms and the risk of abnormal liver function in Chinese epileptic patients treated with VPA monotherapy.

Methods:
According to the levels of liver function indicators, a total of 267 epileptic patients between 1 and 65 years of age were divided into normal liver function group and abnormal liver function group. GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms were determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification based on the absence of a PCR amplification product. CAT, GPx1, and SOD2 polymorphisms were identified using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism or direct automated DNA sequencing.

Results:
Carriers of CAT had an increased risk of developing abnormal liver function compared with noncarriers in VPA-treated patients (odds ratio 3.968, P = 0.003). Logistic regression analyses indicated that the CAT genotype was a significant genetic risk factor for VPA-induced liver dysfunction. It suggests that individual susceptibility to VPA-induced liver dysfunction may at least partially result from genetic deficiencies in CAT C-262T.
Rhinoplasty with Barbed Threads
Authors: Lee Hee Young , Yang Hyun Jin 
Published: November 2018

Background:
Strong strut structures are necessary for nasal tip projection in Asian rhinoplasty. Traditionally, strut structures have been constructed by open skin incisions.

Methods:
Barbed threads were implanted for rhinoplasties. The threads have multiple sharp barbs and umbrella-like longitudinal splits at both ends. Autologous micronized fat tissue graft was also simultaneously used when volume replacement was necessary.

Results:
Since 2003, barbed threads have been used in approximately 1,200 rhinoplasties for nasal tip projection, dorsal length elongation, and nostril correction. The results of relative length ratios comparing true lateral photographs showed significant increase in tip projection.

Conclusion:
The results of long-term observation (> 6 months) indicate that the surgical procedure of lifting the nasal tips with barbed threads is significantly effective for the anterior projection of nasal tip in Asians.
Using Fat Grafting to Treat Breast Implant Capsular Contracture
Authors: Papadopoulos Sarantos , Vidovic Goran , Neid Matthias , Abdallah Abdallah 
Published: November 2018

Summary:
Capsular contracture is a frequent complication of breast augmentation and reconstruction that affects up to 30% of patients. The authors describe the effect of fat grafting on capsular contracture used in cases with the primary intention of improving soft-tissue characteristics before implant to implant or implant to fat exchange. Fifteen patients (18 breasts) with capsular contracture Baker grade 4 were reviewed. Pain from capsular formation was able to be ameliorated in all cases after lipofilling sessions, with 11 of them achieving analgesia. Afterward, 4 patients underwent implant to implant and 7 patients implant to fat exchange. Four patients chose to keep the implants after the end of fat grafting procedures, due to satisfying cosmetic results and excellent pain management. Fat grafting may be a useful addition to therapies currently used to treat capsular contracture.
Breast-sharing Technique in a Unilateral Mastectomy Patient
Authors: Geerards Daan , Kroeze Alexander J. , Kroeze Vincent J. , Broekhuysen Coralien L. 
Published: November 2018

Summary:
Breast reconstruction patients frequently desire consecutive or simultaneous contralateral breast reduction. When combining the requirements of both autologous breast reconstruction with symmetrizing breast reduction, a 2-staged contralateral pedicled breast sharing is a dignified alternative. We present a 60-year-old woman with a radical mastectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. On the contralateral side, she had a hypertrophic breast with a desire for reduction mammaplasty. A 2-stage procedure for breast sharing was planned. A preoperative computed tomography scan, to assess the status of the fourth intercostal mammary perforator (IMAP), was performed. After the first procedure, symmastia was evident. Water-assisted liposuction and quilting sutures to the sternal periosteum were applied in a second procedure to correct the symmastia. We preserved the fourth intercostal perforator to provide optimal vascularization. Water-assisted liposuction and quilting sutures were used to correct the remaining symmastia and contributed to the aesthetics of both breasts. A drawback of this procedure is the need for multiple stages. Furthermore, oncological safety should be considered and surgeons should be aware of the risk for venous congestion. Breast-sharing could be a feasible alternative reconstruction for women seeking unilateral breast reconstruction with contralateral breast hypertrophy. It reduces the need for free-flap surgery and subsequent donor-site morbidity. Considering the fact that the contralateral breast must be of significant size, the indication for this type of reconstruction is limited.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Role in the BM Niche and in the Support of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Crippa Stefania , Bernardo Maria Ester 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are key elements in the bone marrow (BM) niche where they interact with hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) by offering physical support and secreting soluble factors, which control HSPC maintenance and fate. Although necessary for their maintenance, MSCs are a rare population in the BM, they are plastic adherent and can be ex vivo expanded to reach numbers adequate for clinical use. In light of HSPC supportive properties, MSCs have been employed in phase I/II clinical trials of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to facilitate engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Moreover, they have been utilized to expand ex vivo HSCs before clinical use. The available clinical evidence from these trials indicate that MSC administration is safe, as no acute and long‐term adverse events have been registered in treated patients, and may be efficacious in promoting hematopoietic engraftment after HSCT. In this review, we critically discuss the role of MSCs as component of the BM niche, as recent advances in defining different mesenchymal populations in the BM have considerably increased our understanding of this complex environment. Moreover, we will revise published literature on the use of MSCs to support HSC engraftment and expansion, as well as consider potential new MSC application in the clinical context of ex vivo gene therapy with autologous HSC.
“Ghost DMEK” Technique: Circular Peripheral Staining of Descemet's Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Grafts
Authors: Livny Eitan , Bahar Irit , Nahum Yoav 
Published: November 2018

Purpose:
To describe the ghost Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) technique that allows for real-time evaluation of DMEK graft orientation, location, and folding status within the anterior chamber, by simple observation at the surgical microscope.

Methods:
This is a retrospective case series done in a university hospital. The study included 10 patients who underwent ghost DMEK surgery because of corneal endothelial insufficiency for Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (N = 5), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (N = 2), and failed previous posterior lamellar keratoplasty (N = 3). Cases were reviewed for feasibility of graft preparation, intra- and postoperative complications, postoperative clearing of the cornea, corrected distance visual acuity, and endothelial cell loss.

Results:
All graft preparations were uneventful. The circular staining was readily apparent and did not fade away during surgery. Graft orientation and folding status were determined using only direct observation through the operating microscope. Complications included one intraoperative hyphema, one graft detachment requiring rebubbling, and one pupillary block on the first postoperative day, which was resolved surgically. At last visit, 8 of 10 eyes had visual acuity of 6/12 or better and 7 of 10 eyes had visual acuity of 6/8.5 or better. Mean cell loss rates 1 to 3 months postoperatively were 48% ± 17% (range, 22%–71%). All corneas were clear by the first to second postoperative month. Mean follow-up time was 3 months (range, 1–8 months).

Conclusions:
Peripheral staining of DMEK grafts (ghost DMEK) is a simple and effective method for graft visualization in the anterior chamber, obviating the need for trypan blue staining and other techniques and devices currently used for the identification of graft orientation and folding status, thus simplifying and shortening surgery.
Effects of ABO Matching of Platelet Transfusions in Critically Ill Children*
Authors: Nellis Marianne E. , Goel Ruchika , Karam Oliver , Cushing Melissa M. , Davis Peter J. , Steiner Marie E. , Tucci Marisa , Stanworth Simon J. , Spinella Philip C. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives:
To determine if transfusing ABO compatible platelets has a greater effect on incremental change in platelet count as compared to ABO incompatible platelets in critically ill children.

Design:
Secondary analysis of a prospective, observational study. Transfusions were classified as either ABO compatible, major incompatibility, or minor incompatibility. The primary outcome was the incremental change in platelet count. Transfusion reactions were analyzed as a secondary outcome.

Setting:
Eighty-two PICUs in 16 countries.

Patients:
Children (3 d to 16 yr old) were enrolled if they received a platelet transfusion during one of the predefined screening weeks.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Five-hundred three children were enrolled and had complete ABO information for both donor and recipient, as well as laboratory data. Three-hundred forty-two (68%) received ABO-identical platelets, 133 (26%) received platelets with major incompatibility, and 28 (6%) received platelets with minor incompatibility. Age, weight, proportion with mechanical ventilation or underlying oncologic diagnosis did not differ between the groups. After adjustment for transfusion dose, there was no difference in the incremental change in platelet count between the groups; the median (interquartile range) change for ABO-identical transfusions was 28 × 109 cells/L (8–68 × 109 cells/L), for transfusions with major incompatibility 26 × 109 cells/L (7–74 × 109 cells/L), and for transfusions with minor incompatibility 54 × 109 cells/L (14–81 × 109 cells/L) (p = 0.37). No differences in count increment between the groups were noted for bleeding (p = 0.92) and nonbleeding patients (p = 0.29). There were also no differences observed between the groups for any transfusion reaction (p = 0.07).

Conclusions:
No differences were seen in the incremental change in platelet count nor in transfusion reactions when comparing major ABO incompatible platelet transfusions with ABO compatible transfusions in a large study of critically ill children. Studies in larger, prospectively enrolled cohorts should be performed to validate whether ABO matching for platelet transfusions in critically ill children is necessary.
Hypothermia in Young Infants
Authors: Perry Michelle C. , Yaeger Susan K. , Noorbakhsh Katie , Cruz Andrea T. , Hickey Robert W. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives
Serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in young infants can present with fever or hypothermia. There are substantial data on fever as a presentation for SBI that help to inform the clinical approach. In contrast, data on hypothermia are lacking, thus leaving clinicians without guidance. We aimed to describe the workup and findings, specifically the occurrence, of SBIs in infants younger than 60 days of life with hypothermia.

Methods
We reviewed the medical records of infants younger than 60 days of life with rectal temperature of less than 36.5°C upon arrival to a children's hospital emergency department between January 2013 and December 2014. Comparisons were made between those who were found to have an SBI and those without. Serious bacterial infection was defined as bacteremia, bacterial meningitis, pneumonia, or urinary tract infection (UTI).

Results
From the 414 patients identified, 104 (25%) underwent a sepsis evaluation of blood, urine, and/or cerebrospinal fluid culture. Serious bacterial infections were identified in 9 patients: 4 with UTI, 1 with pneumonia, 2 with bacteremia, 1 with pneumonia and UTI, and 1 with meningitis and bacteremia. Compared with patients with negative cultures, patients with SBI were older and had elevated absolute band counts and elevated immature-to-total neutrophil ratio.

Conclusions
Approximately a quarter of infants younger than 60 days with hypothermia were evaluated for SBI. Serious bacterial infection was identified in 9% of evaluated infants (2% of all hypothermic infants). Hypothermia can be a presenting sign of SBI.
Ex Vivo Assessment of Porcine Donation After Circulatory Death Lungs That Undergo Increasing Warm Ischemia Times
Authors: Charles Eric J. , Hunter Mehaffey J. , Huerter Mary E. , Sharma Ashish K. , Stoler Mark H. , Roeser Mark E. , Walters Dustin M. , Tribble Curtis G. , Kron Irving L. , Laubach Victor E. 
Published: November 2018

Background
Increased utilization of donation after circulatory death (DCD) lungs may help alleviate the supply/demand mismatch between available donor organs and lung transplant candidates. Using an established porcine DCD model, we sought to determine the effect of increasing warm ischemia time (WIT) after circulatory arrest on lung function during ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP).

Methods
Porcine donors (n = 15) underwent hypoxic cardiac arrest, followed by 60, 90, or 120 minutes of WIT before procurement and 4 hours of normothermic EVLP. Oxygenation, pulmonary artery pressure, airway pressure, and compliance were measured hourly. Lung injury scores were assessed histologically after 4 hours of EVLP.

Results
After EVLP, all 3 groups met all the criteria for transplantation, except for 90-minute WIT lungs, which had a mean pulmonary artery pressure increase greater than 15%. There were no significant differences between groups as assessed by final oxygenation capacity, as well as changes in pulmonary artery pressure, airway pressure, or lung compliance. Histologic lung injury scores as well as lung wet-to-dry weight ratios did not significantly differ between groups.

Conclusions
These results suggest that longer WIT alone (up to 120 minutes) does not predict worse lung function at the conclusion of EVLP. Expanding acceptable WIT after circulatory death may eventually allow for increased utilization of DCD lungs in procurement protocols.
Periodic Limb Movements in a Comatose Patient: Case Report
Authors: Aires Ana , Rocha Helena , Rego Ricardo 
Published: November 2018

Summary:
Periodic limb movements (PLMs) may occur as a primary condition or be associated with other pathologies, such as sleep disorders. However, PLMs have not been described in comatose patients. We report the case of a 66-year-old man, with no history of sleep disorders, who presented PLMs during coma caused by an extensive right hemispheric abscess inducing midline shift. These movements were further characterized by video and electromyographic recordings, which displayed bilateral periodic bursts of the tibialis anterior muscles, occurring every 7 to 15 seconds, with no concomitant electroencephalographic correlate. After a long period of hospitalization, the patient eventually regained consciousness and PLMs seem to persist, only in sleep. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing that PLMs may be observed in a setting where the networks supporting consciousness are lost, namely in a coma of structural etiology.
Culling less fit neurons protects against amyloid-β-induced brain damage and cognitive and motor decline
Authors: Coelho Dina S. , Schwartz Silvia , Merino Marisa M. , Hauert Barbara , Topfel Barbara , Tieche Colin , Rhiner Christa , Moreno Eduardo 
Published: November 2018

SummaryAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, impairing cognitive and motor functions. One of the pathological hallmarks of AD is neuronal loss, which is not reflected in mouse models of AD. Therefore, the role of neuronal death is still uncertain. Here, we used aDrosophilaAD model expressing a secreted form of human amyloid-β42 peptide and show that it recapitulates key aspects of AD pathology, including neuronal death and impaired long-term memory. We found that neuronal apoptosis is mediated by cell fitness-driven neuronal culling, which selectively eliminates impaired neurons from brain circuits. We show that removal of less fit neurons delays amyloid-β42-induced brain damage and protects against cognitive and motor decline, suggesting that - contrary to common knowledge - neuronal death may have a beneficial effect in AD.
ABC-transporter activity and autocrine eicosanoid-signaling are required for germ cell migration a basal chordate
Authors: Kassmer Susannah H. , Rodriguez Delany , DeTomaso Anthony 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn the colonial ascidianBotryllus schlosseri, long-lived germline stem cells (GSCs) migrate to new germline niches as they develop during repetitive cycles of asexual reproduction. ABC-transporters are involved in the export of lipid-signaling molecules, but their roles in germ cell migration are poorly understood. Here, we show that inBotryllus, abcc1andabcb1are highly expressed in germ cells, and inhibition of ABC-transporter activity leads to failure of germ cell migration. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) produces arachidonic acid, which is further metabolized to eicosanoid signaling molecules. In humans, 12-lipoxygenase (LOX) metabolizes arachidonic acid to12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-S-HETE), which stimulates migration of mammalian cancer cells and smooth muscle cells. We show that PLA2 and LOX activity are required for germ cell migration. A potential homolog to the human receptor for 12-S-HETE,BSgpr31, is expressed in germ cells. 12-S-HETE rescues migration towards S1P in the presence of inhibitors of ABCC1, ABCB1, PLA2 or LOX, and a gradient of 12-S-HETE enhances chemotaxis towards S1P and stimulates motility. We conclude that 12-S-HETE is a secondary chemoattractant exported by ACB-transporters that is required for migration of germ cells towards S1P. We also find that in the presence of S1P, detection of an 12-S-HETE gradient initiates an autologous positive feedback loop that may sustain migration. This is the first report of an eicosanoid-signaling molecule regulating germ cell migration.
HPV detection and genotyping of FFPE head and neck cancer biopsies by molecular testing to address new oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma classification based on HPV status
Authors: Veyer David , Wack Maxime , Grard Ophélie , Bonfils Pierre , Hans Stéphane , Belec Laurent , Badoual Cécile , Péré Hélène 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecently, both the WHO/IARC (World Health Organisation/International Agency for Research on Cancer) and the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) have classified the oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) on the basis of HPV status. For this purpose, the WHO/IARC recommended direct molecular HPV testing. In practice, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsy specimens are frequently the only available samples. We herein compared in parallel two commercially available molecular assays that were firstly designed for cervical HPV detection and genotyping: Inno-Lipa® HPV genotyping extra II assay (Fujirebio, Gent, Belgium) (IL) and AnyplexTM II HPV 28 (Seegene, Seoul, South Korea) (AP28).Both assays were carried out on the same DNA extracts obtained from prospectively collected FFPE biopsies from OPSCC origin and results were compared.A total of 55 samples were tested. By IL assay, chosen as reference assay, 27 (49.1%) biopsies were positive for HPV16, 10 (18.2%) were positive for HPV but negative for HPV16, and 18 (32.7%) were negative for HPV. A valid result with AP28 was obtained for 51 biopsy samples (92.7%). Among 37 HPV-positive samples by IL, 33 (89.2%) were positive by AP28. The agreement between both assays was good (Cohen’s κ = 0.78). Among the six discrepancies between assays, always associated with low HPV16 viral load, four biopsies positive for HPV16 by IL could not be detected by AP28.Taken together, these observations demonstrate that both assays could be used in routine for HPV detection and genotyping on FFPE-biopsy samples of head and neck tumour.
“I hear with my little ear something…": Enhanced performance of absolute pitch musicians in an interleaved melody recognition test
Authors: Wenhart Teresa , Hwang Ye-Young , Altenmüller Eckart 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAutistic people exhibit enhanced abilities to find and extract visual or auditory figures out of a meaningful whole (disembedding). Studies have shown heightened autistic traits in professional musicians with absolute pitch (AP). This study investigates whether such musicians show an advantage in an interleaved melody recognition task (IMRT).A total of N=59 professional musicians (AP=27) participated in the study. In each trial a probe melody was followed by an interleaved sequence. Subjects had to indicate as to whether the probe melody was present in the interleaved sequence. Sensitivity index d’ and response bias c were calculated according to signal detection theory. Additionally, a pitch adjustment test measuring fine-graded differences in absolute pitch proficiency, the Autism-Spectrum-Quotient and a visual embedded figures test were conducted.AP performance was enhanced overall compared to RP. Absolute pitch proficiency, visual disembedding ability and musicality predicted approximately 39.2% of variance in the interleaved melody recognition test. No correlations were found between IMRT and autistic traits.The stable pitch-label associations of AP might serve as additional sensory cues during pre-attentive processing in recognizing interleaved melodies. Results are in line with a detailed-oriented cognitive style and enhanced perceptional functioning of AP musicians similar to that observed in autism.