bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DRP-1-mediated apoptosis induces muscle degeneration in dystrophin mutants
Authors: Scholtes Charlotte , Bellemin Stéphanie , Martin Edwige , Carre-Pierrat Maïté , Mollereau Bertrand , Gieseler Kathrin , Walter Ludivine 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMitochondria are double-membrane subcellular organelles with highly conserved metabolic functions including ATP production. Mitochondria shapes change continually through the combined actions of fission and fusion events rendering mitochondrial network very dynamic. Mitochondria are largely implicated in pathologies and mitochondrial dynamics is often disrupted upon muscle degeneration in various models. Currently, the exact roles of mitochondria in the molecular mechanisms that lead to muscle degeneration remain poorly understood. Here we report a role for DRP-1 in regulating apoptosis induced by dystrophin-dependent muscle degeneration. We found that: (i) dystrophin-dependent muscle degeneration was accompanied by a drastic increase in mitochondrial fragmentation that can be rescued by genetic manipulations of mitochondrial dynamics (ii) the loss of function of the fission gene drp-1 or the overexpression of the fusion genes eat-3 and fzo-1 provoked a reduction of muscle degeneration and an improved mobility of dystrophin mutant worms (iii) the functions of DRP-1 in apoptosis and of others apoptosis executors are important for dystrophin-dependent muscle cell death (iv) DRP-1-mediated apoptosis is also likely to induce age-dependent loss of muscle cell. Collectively, our findings point toward a mechanism involving mitochondrial dynamics to respond to trigger(s) of muscle degeneration via apoptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans.
Dietary Inflammatory Index and its Association with the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome, and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Namazi Nazli , Larijani Bagher , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: May 2018

AbstractFindings from previous studies on the association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the risk of chronic diseases and mortality have been inconsistent. We aimed to summarize studies on the association of the DII and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome (MetS), and mortality in a systematic review and meta-analysis. We performed a systematic search in PubMed/Medline, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases for relevant studies written in English and published until 31 December 2017. Studies that reported the relative risk (RR), odd ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) for the most pro-inflammatory versus the most anti-inflammatory diets were included. Finally, 17 studies [CVD (n=6), MetS (n=5), mortality (n=6)] were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. Findings indicated a trend toward a positive relationship between the DII and the risk for CVD (pooled RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.60; I2: 28.6%, p=0.21), all-cause mortality (pooled HR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.35; I2: 72.6%, p=0.003), CVD mortality (pooled HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.57; I2: 74.0%, p=0.009) and cancer mortality (pooled HR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.53; I2: 62.5%, p=0.03). However, no significant association was found between the DII and the risk for MetS (pooled RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.24; I2: 32.6%, p=0.20). Although in the current meta-analysis the most pro-inflammatory diet versus the most anti-inflammatory diet was not associated with the risk of MetS, we observed a substantial association between the DII and the risk for CVD and all types of mortality. However, further cohort studies in different populations are needed to clarify this association.
Onyx Embolization of an Acute Type II Endoleak Causing Recurrent Hemorrhage Post Emergency Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair for Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Pugh Justin , Asquith John , Choudhury Shuvro , Morgan Richard , Wells David 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe authors report a case of ongoing retroperitoneal hemorrhage from a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) following treatment by endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR). Unusually, the continued hemorrhage was secondary to a lumbar type II endoleak. This was successfully embolized with onyx. Only one other similar case has been reported.
Myasthene Syndrome – Stellenwert von Rehabilitation und Sport
Authors: Henze Thomas 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit myasthenen Syndromen werden nur selten in Reha-Kliniken eingewiesen. Sie können aber insbesondere nach einer myasthenen Krise sowie bei schweren Verläufen durchaus von einer Rehabilitation profitieren, insbesondere bei hochgradigen Paresen der Extremitätenmuskeln, hartnäckiger Dysphagie und/oder Sprechstörung sowie respiratorischer Insuffizienz. Ziel ist immer die möglichst umfassende Verringerung bestehender Beeinträchtigungen und dadurch der Erhalt der Teilhabe am sozialen Leben. Voraussetzung für eine erfolgreiche Rehabilitation ist neben detaillierten Kenntnissen der Erkrankung einschließlich potenzieller Komplikationen ein umfassendes Reha-Konzept, welches neben individuellen und multimodalen Trainingsmöglichkeiten zahlreiche weitere Aspekte wie Krankheitsbewältigung, Sozialmedizin, Schulungen, Hilfsmittelversorgung beinhalten muss.
Diagnostik der Myasthenia gravis
Authors: Blaes Franz 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Diagnose einer Myasthenia gravis gründet sich neben der Anamnese und klinischen Untersuchung insbesondere auf laborchemische und neurophysiologische Untersuchungen. Neben den schon lange bekannten Antikörpern gegen nikotinische Acetylcholinrezeptoren finden sich Antikörper gegen muskelspezifische Kinase (MUSK) und gegen das Lipoprotein-Rezeptor-assoziiertes Protein 4 (LRP4). Zudem können bei jüngeren Patienten anti-Titin-Antikörper Hinweise auf ein zugrunde liegendes Thymom liefern. Die neurophysiologische Diagnostik umfasst den Nachweis eines Dekrements mit der repetitiven Stimulation als elektrisches Korrelat der pathologischen Muskelermüdbarkeit. Bei unklaren Fällen trägt die Einzelfaser-Elektromyografie häufig zur Klärung der Diagnose bei. Ein Normalbefund bei letzterer schließt eine neuromuskuläre Übertragungsstörung nahezu aus. Mit der Kombination beider Methoden, Autoimmundiagnostik und neurophysiologische Untersuchung, kann in den allermeisten Fällen die Diagnose gestellt werden. In Zweifelsfällen bleibt die probatorische Gabe von Pyridostigmin zur möglichen Diagnosesicherung.
Was tun, wenn der Staatsanwalt kommt?
Authors: Weidhaas Rüdiger 
Published: May 2018

ZusammenfassungZum 24.08.2017 hat sich die Rechtslage in einem entscheidenden Punkt geändert. Nunmehr sind Zeugen verpflichtet, auch bei der Polizei zu erscheinen und auszusagen. Die Rechtsänderung hat Auswirkungen auf das Verhalten während einer Durchsuchungsmaßnahme. Denn durchsucht wird nicht nur beim Beschuldigten, sondern auch bei Zeugen. Nach wie vor gilt, dass es meist günstiger ist, zunächst von seinem Schweigerecht Gebrauch zu machen. Dieses in der Praxis durchzusetzen, wird jedoch in Zukunft noch schwieriger sein als bisher. Zivilcourage, die Kenntnis und die Wahrnehmung verbriefter Rechte sind wichtiger als je zuvor. Dazu gehört auch das Insistieren auf die Anwesenheit eines Zeugenbeistands.
Effects of temperature and food availability on the survival and growth of larval Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)
Authors: Koenker Brittany L , Laurel Benjamin J , Copeman Louise A , Ciannelli Lorenzo 
Published: May 2018

AbstractArctic cod (Boreogadus saida) is an ecologically significant species that is uniquely adapted to occupy ice edges, but warming and loss of sea ice are hypothesized to favour more facultative gadids, such as walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). To test this hypothesis, we experimentally measured the growth and survival of Arctic cod and walleye pollock at two larval stages across a range of temperature and food conditions in the laboratory. Results indicated early and late-stage Arctic cod larvae have a competitive growth and survival advantage over walleye pollock at low temperatures. However, these advantages are lost under warmer, food-productive conditions where walleye pollock larvae survived and experienced accelerated growth rates. Growth models developed from this study emphasize the need to account for both species- and stage-specific differences in the thermal response of closely related marine fish larvae. More broadly, these new vital rate data provide a mechanistic framework to forecast spatial-temporal shifts of gadids at the Arctic-boreal interface resulting from climatic warming and altered productivity regimes.
A Sweet Romance: Divergent Effects of Romantic Stimuli on the Consumption of Sweets
Authors: Yang Xiaojing , Mao Huifang , Jia Lei , Bublitz Melissa G 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Drawing from research on food consumption, conceptual metaphors, and assimilation and contrast, we examine how exposure to romantic stimuli (e.g., watching a romantic ad, reading a romantic note) affects consumers’ subsequent consumption of sweets. Across five studies, we find that romantic stimuli exposure increases sweet food consumption among abstract thinkers but reduces sweet food intake among concrete thinkers. We also identify the moderating role of metaphor content on this finding such that the effects of romantic exposure on the consumption of sweets occur only when the metaphoric association between love and sweetness is highlighted but dissipate when a competing metaphor is accentuated.
Generalized and Lateralized Rhythmic Patterns
Authors: Schmitt Sarah E. 
Published: May 2018

Summary:
The relationship between generalized and lateralized rhythmic delta activity (RDA) and seizures is more ambiguous than the relationship between periodic discharges and seizures. Although frontally predominant generalized RDA is not associated with seizures, occipitally predominant RDA may be associated with the absence of seizures. Lateralized RDA seems to be more strongly associated with the presence of seizure activity. Appropriate recognition of generalized RDA and lateralized rhythmic delta activity may be confounded by benign etiologies of RDA, such as phi rhythm, slow alpha variant, subclinical rhythmic electrographic discharges of adults, or hyperventilation-induced high-amplitude rhythmic slowing. Angelman syndrome and NMDA-receptor antibody encephalitis can also produce morphologically distinct patterns of RDA.
Generalized Periodic Discharges: A Topical Review
Authors: Sully Krystal E. , Husain Aatif M. 
Published: May 2018

Summary:
Generalized periodic discharges (GPDs) are generalized discharges that recur with a relatively uniform morphology and duration. They have a quantifiable interdischarge interval. Over the past decade, our understanding of these waveforms has improved considerably. The nomenclature has changed, and etiologic references have been removed. Many disease states can cause GPDs, such as anoxia, toxic/metabolic encephalopathy, infections, nonconvulsive status epilepticus, and hypothermia. Generally, GPDs are morphologically similar regardless of etiology. Generalized periodic discharges that are associated with nonconvulsive status epilepticus are treated with antiseizure drugs, while others are not necessarily aggressively treated. Prognosis for most patients with GPDs is guarded, although this is also dependent on the underlying etiology. As our understanding of GPDs increases, it is also clear that there is much more to be learned about these waveforms.
Definition and Classification of Periodic and Rhythmic Patterns
Authors: Maciel Carolina B. , Hirsch Lawrence J. 
Published: May 2018

Summary:
The growing use of continuous video-EEG recording in the inpatient setting, in particular in patients with varying degrees of encephalopathy, has yielded a window to the brain with an excellent temporal resolution. This increasingly available tool has become more than an instrument to detect nonconvulsive seizures (its primary use), and clinical indications span from ischemia detection in acute brain injuries, neuroprognostication of comatose patients, to monitoring the degree of encephalopathy. In this context, abnormal findings such as periodic discharges and rhythmic delta activity were increasingly recognized; however, significant subjectivity remained in the interpretation of these findings pertaining to key features regarding their spatial involvement, prevalence of occurrence, duration, associated morphologic features, and behavior. In 2005, the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society proposed standardized definitions and classification of electroencephalographic rhythmic and periodic patterns. This was subsequently revised in 2011 and in 2012 and is now being used by centers worldwide, with the final version published in early 2013 as an official guideline of the ACNS. The resulting uniform terminology has allowed for significant advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology, epileptogenic potential, and overall clinical implication of these patterns. Investigators across multiple institutions are now able to collaborate while exploring diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms to these patterns, an effort that may soon provide definitive evidence guiding treating clinicians on the management of these patients.
Enzyme promiscuity shapes evolutionary innovation and optimization
Authors: Guzmán Gabriela I. , Sandberg Troy E. , LaCroix Ryan A. , Nyerges Akos , Papp Henrietta , Raad Markus de , King Zachary A. , Northen Trent R. , Notebaart Richard A. , Pál Csaba , Palsson Bernhard O. , Papp Balázs , Feist Adam M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEvidence suggests that novel enzyme functions evolved from low-level promiscuous activities in ancestral enzymes. Yet, the evolutionary dynamics and physiological mechanisms of how such side activities contribute to systems-level adaptations are poorly understood. Furthermore, it remains untested whether knowledge of an organism’s promiscuous reaction set (‘underground metabolism’) can aid in forecasting the genetic basis of metabolic adaptations. Here, we employ a computational model of underground metabolism and laboratory evolution experiments to examine the role of enzyme promiscuity in the acquisition and optimization of growth on predicted non-native substrates inE. coliK-12 MG1655. After as few as 20 generations, the evolving populations repeatedly acquired the capacity to grow on five predicted novel substrates–D-lyxose, D-2-deoxyribose, D-arabinose, m-tartrate, and monomethyl succinate–none of which could support growth in wild-type cells. Promiscuous enzyme activities played key roles in multiple phases of adaptation. Altered promiscuous activities not only established novel high-efficiency pathways, but also suppressed undesirable metabolic routes. Further, structural mutations shifted enzyme substrate turnover rates towards the new substrate while retaining a preference for the primary substrate. Finally, genes underlying the phenotypic innovations were accurately predicted by genome-scale model simulations of metabolism with enzyme promiscuity. Computational approaches will be essential to synthesize the complex role of promiscuous activities in applied biotechnology and in models of evolutionary adaptation.
Whale watching with BulkVis: A graphical viewer for Oxford Nanopore bulk fast5 files
Authors: Payne Alexander , Holmes Nadine , Rakyan Vardhman , Loose Matthew 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMotivationThe Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) MinION is used for sequencing a wide variety of sample types with diverse methods of sample extraction. Nanopore sequencers output fast5 files containing signal data subsequently base called to fastq format. Optionally, ONT devices can collect data from all sequencing channels simultaneously in a bulk fast5 file enabling inspection of signal in any channel at any point. We sought to visualise this signal to inspect challenging or difficult to sequence samples, or where flow cell performance is modified by an external agent, such as ‘Read Until’.ResultsThe BulkVis tool can load a bulk fast5 file and overlays MinKNOW classifications on the signal trace. Users can navigate to a channel and time or, given a fastq header from a read, jump to its specific position. BulkVis can export regions as Nanopore base caller compatible reads. Using BulkVis, we find long reads can be incorrectly divided by MinKNOW resulting in single DNA molecules being split into two or more reads. The longest seen to date is 2,272,580 bases in length and reported in eleven consecutive reads. We provide helper scripts that identify and reconstruct split reads given a sequencing summary file and alignment to a reference. We note that incorrect read splitting appears to vary according to input sample type and is more common in ‘ultra long’ read preparations.AvailabilityThe software is available freely under an MIT license athttps://github.com/LooseLab/bulkVis. The software requires python3 to run.
Quantification of EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 proteome using TMT-Based Analysis
Authors: Silva Wanderson M. , Bei Jinlong , Amigo Natalia , Valacco Pía , Amadio Ariel , Zhang Qi , Wu Xiuju , yu Ting , Larzabal Mariano , Chen Zhuang , Cataldi Angel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) O157:H7 is a human pathogen responsible for diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). EHEC infection is distributed worldwide and numerous outbreaks of diseases caused by enterohemorrhagic have been reported. To promote a comprehensive insight into the molecular basis of EHEC O157:H7 physiology and pathogenesis, the combined proteome of EHEC O157:H7 strains, Clade 8 and Clade 6 isolated from cattle in Argentina, and the standard EDL933 (clade 3) strain has been analyzed. TMT (Tandem Mass Tags)-based quantitative proteomic and emPAI analyses were performed to estimate the protein abundance in EHEC proteome. 2,234 non-redundant proteins of EHEC O157:H7 were identified. A comparison of this result within silicodata of EHEC O157:H7 genome showed that approximately 40% of the predicted proteome of this pathogen were covered. According to the emPAI analysis, 85 proteins were among the most abundant (e.g. GAPDH, FliC H-antigen, Enolase, and GroEL). Tellurite resistance proteins were also highly abundant. COG analysis showed that although most of the identified proteins are related to cellular metabolism, the majority of the most abundant proteins are associated with translation processes. A KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis was the most significant pathway. On the other hand, the less abundant detected proteins are those related to DNA processes, cell respiration and prophage. Among the proteins that composed the Type III Secretion System, the most abundant protein was EspA. Altogether, the results show a subset of important proteins that contribute to physiology and pathogenicity of EHEC O157:H7.IMPORTANCEThe study of the abundance of proteins present within a complex mixture of proteins in a cell, under different conditions, can provide important information about the activities of individual protein components and protein networks that are cornerstones for the comprehension of physiological adaptations in response to biological demands promoted by environmental changes. We generated a comprehensive and accurate quantitative list of EHEC O157:H7 proteome, which provides a description of the most abundant proteins produced by this pathogen that were related to physiology and pathogenesis of EHEC. This study provides information and extends the understanding on functional genomics and the biology of this pathogen.
The mechanics of predator-prey interactions: first principles of physics predict predator-prey size ratios
Authors: Portalier Sébastien M. J. , Fussmann Gregor F. , Loreau Michel , Cherif Mehdi 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRobust predictions of predator-prey interactions are fundamental for the understanding of food webs, their structure, dynamics, resistance to species loss and invasions and role in ecosystem functioning. Most current food web models are empirically based. Thus, they are sensitive to the quality of the data, and ineffective in predicting non-described and disturbed food webs. There is a need for mechanistic models that predict the occurrence of a predator-prey interaction based on the traits of organisms and the properties of their environment.Here, we present such a model that focuses on the predation act itself. We built a Newtonian, mechanical model for the processes of searching, capture and handling of a prey item by a predator. Associated with general metabolic laws, we predict the net energy gain from predation for pairs of predator and prey species depending on their body sizes.Predicted interactions match well with data from the most extensive predator-prey database, and overall model accuracy is greater than the niche model.Our model shows that it is possible to accurately predict the structure of food webs using only a few ecomechanical traits. It underlines the importance of physical constraints in structuring food webs.
Comparing genome-wide association study results from different measurements of an underlying phenotype
Authors: Gage Joseph L. , Natalia de Leon , Murray Clayton 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIncreasing popularity of high-throughput phenotyping technologies, such as image-based phenotyping, offer novel ways for quantifying plant growth and morphology. These new methods can be more or less accurate and precise than traditional, manual measurements. Many large-scale phenotyping efforts are conducted to enable genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but it is unclear exactly how alternative methods of phenotyping will affect GWAS results. In this study we simulate phenotypes that are controlled by the same set of causal loci but have differing heritability, similar to two different measurements of the same morphological character. We then perform GWAS with the simulated traits and create receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves from the results. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) provide a metric that allows direct comparisons of GWAS results from different simulated traits. We use this framework to evaluate the effects of heritability and the number of causative loci on the AUCs of simulated traits; we also test the differences between AUCs of traits with differing heritability. We find that both increasing the number of causative loci and decreasing the heritability reduce a trait’s AUC. We also find that when two traits are controlled by a greater number of causative loci, they are more likely to have significantly different AUCs as the difference between their heritabilities increases. These results provide a framework for deciding between competing phenotyping strategies when the ultimate goal is to generate and use phenotype-genotype associations from GWAS.