bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Improved Hospital Response to Mass Casualty Incidents
Authors: TariVerdi Mersedeh , Miller-Hooks Elise , Kirsch Thomas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMass casualty incidents are a concern in many urban areas. A community’s ability to cope with such events depends on the capacities and capabilities of its hospitals for handling a sudden surge in demand of patients with resource-intensive and specialized medical needs. This paper uses a whole-hospital simulation model to replicate medical staff, resources, and space for the purpose of investigating hospital responsiveness to mass casualty incidents. It provides details of probable demand patterns of different mass casualty incident types in terms of patient categories and arrival patterns, and accounts for related transient system behavior over the response period. Using the layout of a typical urban hospital, it investigates a hospital’s capacity and capability to handle mass casualty incidents of various sizes with various characteristics, and assesses the effectiveness of designed demand management and capacity-expansion strategies. Average performance improvements gained through capacity-expansion strategies are quantified and best response actions are identified. Capacity-expansion strategies were found to have superadditive benefits when combined. In fact, an acceptable service level could be achieved by implementing only 2 to 3 of the 9 studied enhancement strategies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:778-790)
Clostridium difficile Exposures, Colonization, and the Microbiome: Implications for Prevention
Authors: Revolinski Sara L. , Munoz-Price L. Silvia 
Published: March 2018

New studies have been published regarding the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in topics such as asymptomatic C. difficile colonization, community-associated C. difficile infection, environmental contamination outside healthcare settings, animal colonization, and the interactions between C. difficile and the gut microbiome. In addition to summarizing these findings, this review offers a perspective on the potential impact of high-throughput sequencing and other potential techniques on the prevention of C. difficile.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:596–602
Risk of Surgical Site Infection (SSI) following Colorectal Resection Is Higher in Patients With Disseminated Cancer: An NCCN Member Cohort Study
Authors: Kamboj Mini , Childers Teresa , Sugalski Jessica , Antonelli Donna , Bingener-Casey Juliane , Cannon Jamie , Cluff Karie , Davis Kimberly A. , Dellinger E. Patchen , Dowdy Sean C. , Duncan Kim , Fedderson Julie , Glasgow Robert , Hall Bruce , Hirsch Marilyn , Hutter Matthew , Kimbro Lisa , Kuvshinoff Boris , Makary Martin , Morris Melanie , Nehring Sharon , Ramamoorthy Sonia , Scott Rebekah , Sovel Mindy , Strong Vivian , Webster Ashley , Wick Elizabeth , Aguilar Julio Garcia , Carlson Robert , Sepkowitz Kent 
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUNDSurgical site infections (SSIs) following colorectal surgery (CRS) are among the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Reduction in colorectal SSI rates is an important goal for surgical quality improvement.OBJECTIVETo examine rates of SSI in patients with and without cancer and to identify potential predictors of SSI risk following CRSDESIGNAmerican College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) data files for 2011–2013 from a sample of 12 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) member institutions were combined. Pooled SSI rates for colorectal procedures were calculated and risk was evaluated. The independent importance of potential risk factors was assessed using logistic regression.SETTINGMulticenter studyPARTICIPANTSOf 22 invited NCCN centers, 11 participated (50%). Colorectal procedures were selected by principal procedure current procedural technology (CPT) code. Cancer was defined by International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes.MAIN OUTCOMEThe primary outcome of interest was 30-day SSI rate.RESULTSA total of 652 SSIs (11.06%) were reported among 5,893 CRSs. Risk of SSI was similar for patients with and without cancer. Among CRS patients with underlying cancer, disseminated cancer (SSI rate, 17.5%; odds ratio [OR], 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–2.26; P=.001), ASA score ≥3 (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.09–1.83; P=.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD; OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.06–2.53; P=.02), and longer duration of procedure were associated with development of SSI.CONCLUSIONSPatients with disseminated cancer are at a higher risk for developing SSI. ASA score >3, COPD, and longer duration of surgery predict SSI risk. Disseminated cancer should be further evaluated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in generating risk-adjusted outcomes.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:555–562
A historical account of how continental drift and plate tectonics provided the framework for our current understanding of palaeogeography
Authors: MEINHOLD GUIDO , CELÂL ŞENGÖR A. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPalaeogeography is the cartographic representation of the past distribution of geographic features such as deep oceans, shallow seas, lowlands, rivers, lakes and mountain belts on palinspastically restored plate tectonic base maps. It is closely connected with plate tectonics which grew from an earlier theory of continental drift and is largely responsible for creating and structuring the Earth's lithosphere. Today, palaeogeography is an integral part of the Earth sciences curriculum. Commonly, with some exceptions, only the most recent state of research is presented; the historical aspects of how we actually came to the insights which we take for granted are rarely discussed, if at all. It is remarkable how much was already known about the changing face of the Earth more than three centuries before the theory of plate tectonics, despite the fact that most of our present analytical tools or our models were unavailable then. Here, we aim to present a general conspectus from the dawn of ‘palaeogeography’ in the 16th century onwards. Special emphasis is given to innovative ideas and scientific milestones, supplemented by memorable anecdotes, which helped to advance the theories of continental drift and plate tectonics, and finally led to the establishment of palaeogeography as a recognized discipline of the Earth sciences.
TheSticta filixmorphodeme (Ascomycota:Lobariaceae) in New Zealand with the newly recognized speciesS. dendroidesandS. menziesii: indicators of forest health in a threatened island biota?
Authors: RANFT Hannah , MONCADA Bibiana , DE LANGE Peter J. , LUMBSCH H. Thorsten , LÜCKING Robert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present a phylogenetic revision of theSticta filixmorphodeme in New Zealand. This non-monophyletic group of early diverging clades in the genusStictais characterized by a stalked thallus with a green primary photobiont and the frequent formation of a dendriscocauloid cyanomorph. Traditionally, three species have been distinguished in New Zealand:S. filix(Sw.) Nyl.,S. lacera(Hook. f. & Taylor) Müll. Arg. andS. latifronsA. Rich., with two cyanomorphs separated under the namesDendriscocaulon dendriothamnodesDughi ex D. J. Galloway (traditionally associated withS. latifrons) andD. dendroides(Nyl.) R. Sant. ex H. Magn. (traditionally associated withS. filix).Sticta lacerawas not included in the present study due to the lack of authentic material (all specimens originally identified under that name and sequenced clustered withS. filix);S. filixwas confirmed as a distinct species whereasS. latifronss. lat. was shown to represent two unrelated species,S. latifronss. str. and the reinstatedS. menziesiiHook. f. & Taylor. The cyanomorphs ofS. filixandS. latifronsare not conspecific with the types of the namesD. dendriothamnodesandD. dendroides, respectively; theD. dendriothamnodescyanomorph belongs to the Australian taxonSticta stipitataC. Knight ex F. Wilson, which is not present in New Zealand, whereas theD. dendroidescyanomorph corresponds to a previously unrecognized species with unknown chloromorph, recombined here asSticta dendroides(Nyl.) Moncada, Lücking & de Lange. Thus, instead of three species (S. filix,S. lacera,S. latifrons) with their corresponding cyanomorphs, five species are now distinguished in this guild in New Zealand:S. dendroides(cyanomorph only),S. filix(chloro- and cyanomorph),S. lacera(chloromorph only),S. latifrons(chloro- and cyanomorph) andS. menziesii(chloro- and cyanomorph). A key is presented for identification of the chloromorphs and the dendriscocauloid cyanomorphs of all species. Semi-quantitative analysis suggests that species in this guild are good indicators of intact forest ecosystems in New Zealand and that the two newly recognized species,S. dendroidesandS. menziesii, appear to perform particularly well in this respect. The use of lichens as bioindicators of environmental health is not yet established in New Zealand and so, based on our results, we make the case to develop this approach more thoroughly.
The inclusion of overlooked lichen microhabitats in standardized forest biodiversity monitoring
Authors: GASPARYAN Arsen , SIPMAN Harrie J. M. , MARINI Lorenzo , NASCIMBENE Juri 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEpiphytic lichens are increasingly included in forest biodiversity monitoring schemes, but most of the standardized guidelines consider only lichens colonizing a small part of tree trunks (1·0–1·5 m) and overlook other important microhabitats, such as fallen branches and stumps. In this paper, we present results of a small-scale pilot study to evaluate the possible advantage of including four distinct microhabitats in standardized procedures for assessing epiphytic lichen diversity. Trunk bases, trunks between 100 and 150 cm above the ground, stumps, and fallen branches were each sampled with a different standardized sampling method along a forest age gradient in temperate deciduous forests of the Caucasian region. Plot-level species richness was contrasted between the standardized sampling procedures of different substrata and a non-probabilistic floristic sampling. The interactions between sampling procedure and stand age were analysed using linear mixed models, and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) were used for comparing species composition. Overall, 97 species were recorded, their richness increasing with increasing stand age. Results were consistent across the gradient of stand age and demonstrated that the adoption of standardized sampling procedures which include stumps and fallen branches in addition to tree trunks would increase the capability of maximizing species capture. This approach would allow researchers to evaluate lichen patterns by simultaneously considering the response of different communities sensitive to different stand-related factors. Despite the likelihood that a non-probabilistic floristic survey would give a more exhaustive picture of the plot-level lichen diversity, standardized sampling procedures that include tree trunks, fallen branches and stumps are likely to represent a reasonable trade-off between exhaustiveness and cost-effectiveness.
Combining local knowledge and occupancy analysis for a rapid assessment of the forest elephantLoxodonta cyclotisin Cameroon's timber production forests
Authors: Brittain Stephanie , Ngo Bata Madeleine , De Ornellas Paul , Milner-Gulland E. J. , Rowcliffe Marcus 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInformation on the distribution and abundance of the forest elephantLoxodonta cyclotisis needed to allocate limited resources appropriately and set conservation goals for the species. However, monitoring at large scales in forest habitats is complicated, expensive and time consuming. We investigated the potential of applying interview-based occupancy analysis as a tool for the rapid assessment of the distribution and relative abundance of forest elephants in eastern Cameroon. Using single-season occupancy models, we explored the covariates that affect forest elephant occupancy and detectability, and identified spatial and temporal patterns in population change and occupancy. Quantitative and qualitative socio-demographic data offer additional depth and understanding, placing the occupancy analysis in context and providing valuable information to guide conservation action. Detectability of forest elephants has decreased since 2008, which is consistent with the decline in perceived abundance in occupied sites. Forest elephants occupy areas outside protected areas and outside the known elephant range defined by IUCN. Critical conservation attention is required to assess forest elephant populations and the threats they face in these poorly understood areas. Interview-based occupancy analysis is a reliable and suitable method for a rapid assessment of forest elephant occupancy on a large scale, as a complement to, or the first stage in, a monitoring process.
Haemosporidian parasites missed the boat during the introduction of common waxbills (Estrilda astrild) in Iberia
Authors: Lopes Ricardo J. , Correia Joana , Batalha Helena , Cardoso Gonçalo C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractExotic species can experience fast expansion in new environments, especially if they left their pathogens behind (Enemy Release hypothesis) or brought novel pathogens to the native competitors (Novel Weapon hypothesis). Common waxbills (Estrilda astrild) are native to sub-Saharan Africa and invaded west Iberia since the 1960s. Past haemosporidian parasite surveys at four locations in Portugal showed that waxbills can be infected with parasites, though with very low prevalence. However, it is not known if this pattern generalizes across their distribution range, or if there are geographic differences in parasite prevalence. It is also not discussed if this is a case of Enemy Release, as opposed to waxbills being also little parasitized in their native range. We screened 617 waxbills in 23 sites in Portugal and detected nine parasite lineages, most of them only known to the Palearctic. Only ten individuals were parasitized, and there was no significant geographical pattern on the prevalence. Overall, this population shows very low prevalence of haemosporidians (1.6% prevalence), which contrasts with significantly higher prevalence in native grounds, as compiled from the literature. These data support Enemy Release as the most likely hypothesis, which may have been important for their success as an exotic species.
The evidential force of spiritual maturity and the Christian doctrine of sanctification
Authors: PORTER STEVEN L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe truth of one's religious beliefs can be questioned by appeal to hypocrisy or blatant moral failure amongst the adherents of one's religion. Such an appeal implies that the absence of spiritual maturity within a religious individual or group can serve in some way as evidence against the truth of that religion and (presumably), conversely, that spiritual maturity within a religious individual or group can be thought of as providing some sort of evidence for the truth of that religion. The first part of this article attempts to get clear on what sort of evidential force the presence or absence of spiritual maturity has for the rational assessment of religious belief in general. This part of the article concludes that the evidential force of spiritual maturity must ultimately be assessed within the contours of a particular religion with a firm grasp on the sort of moral formational process envisaged by that religion. So, in the second part of the article, the evidential force of spiritual maturity is considered from a Christian perspective and an interpersonal model of sanctification is appealed to as an explanation of the lack of spiritual maturity amongst Christian believers.
Anselm on divine justice and mercy
Authors: MANN WILLIAM E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article examines in detail chapters 8–11 of Anselm's Proslogion, in which he addresses the problem whether perfectly just God can consistently spare sinners who deserve eternal condemnation. The article argues that Anselm's discussion is framed by two doctrines that permeate the Proslogion: that God is the being than which none greater can be conceived and that God is ontologically simple. Anselm presents several principles about justice and mercy for consideration, some of which should be modified or rejected. The article offers a sympathetic construction of the perspectival solution he offers to the problem, but concludes that some important questions remain unanswered.
Supporting Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Transgender Inclusivity in Long-Term Care Homes: A Canadian Perspective
Authors: Sussman Tamara , Brotman Shari , MacIntosh Heather , Chamberland Line , MacDonnell Judith , Daley Andrea , Dumas Jean , Churchill Molly 
Published: March 2018

RÉSUMÉIl est indispensable que les foyers de soins de longue durée (FSLD) soient sensibilisés aux besoins des aîné(e)s lesbiennes, gays, bisexuels et transgenres. Considérant que le degré d’intégration de stratégies recommandées en ce sens dans le secteur des FSLD est inconnu, cette étude qualitative canadienne vise à présenter les résultats de deux initiatives principales ciblant cette lacune : des entrevues semi-structurées téléphoniques ont ainsi été menées avec des administrateurs de FSLD au Canada concernant les stratégies adoptées pour appuyer l’inclusion des personnes LGBT (n=32) et une rencontre de deux jours organisée sur la thématique de l’inclusivité des personnes LGBT dans les FSLD (n=25) a été organisée, le contenu des discussions de cette rencontre ayant été analysé dans la présente étude. Nos résultats révèlent que la formation concernant l’inclusivité LGBT était la stratégie la plus fréquemment adoptée dans les FSLD participant à l’étude. Ils montrent aussi que les pratiques plus visibles pour les résidents et les familles, telles que les programmations thématiques, l’utilisation d’un vocabulaire ou de symboles LGBT ou les initiatives conjointes avec les communautés LGBT étaient moins fréquentes, étant donné l’anticipation de réactions négatives de la part des résidents ou de leur famille. L’importance et les avantages de stratégies intégrées incluant le personnel, les résidents et les familles sont discutés.
Blogs, Online Seminars, and Social Media as Tools of Scholarship in Political Science
Authors: Esarey Justin , Wood Andrew R. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTHow do political scientists use online tools as part of their scholarly work? Are there systematic differences in how they value these tools by field, gender, or other demographics? How important are these tools relative to traditional practices of political scientists? The answers to these questions will shape how our discipline chooses to reward academics who engage with “new media” such as blogs, online seminars (i.e., webinars), Twitter, and Facebook. We find that traditional tools of scholarship are more highly regarded and used more often than any new media, although blogs are considered most important among new media. However, we also find evidence that these webinars are used and valued at rates comparable to traditional tools when they are provided in ways that meet political scientists’ needs. Finally, we observe that women and graduate students are substantially more likely than men and tenure-track academics to report that webinars and online videos are important sources of new ideas and findings.
White Voters, A Key Piece of the Puzzle: Education, Race, and Electoral Politics
Authors: Grove DeeAnn 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTIn 2004, Jennifer L. Hochschild challenged political scientists to give greater attention to education policy and politics. Although it challenges Hochschild’s interpretation of the politics of school vouchers, this article demonstrates her central assertion that the era of school desegregation continues to impact American politics. Internal campaign strategy documents from presidential election campaigns reveal how the two parties have arrived at different school voucher positions because of the different challenges each party faced as a result of the battle over school desegregation. Republican strategists were concerned that white voters believed their candidates did not care about people of color. Supporting vouchers for urban Black children allowed Republicans to reassure white voters of their racial sensitivity. In contrast, Democratic candidates were more concerned that they might alienate white voters by taking another position that seemed to pander to Black voters. Strategists’ perceptions of white voters’ attitudes toward education and race comprise the thread that connects the past to the present.
Launching IALS Digital: Connections and Collaboration
Authors: Whittle Steven 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDuring its 70th Anniversary celebrations the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London launched IALS Digital - a new name for established and evolving online services at IALS, bringing together resources, opportunities for new legal information initiatives, research projects and partnerships, and delivering support for digital legal scholarship. This paper written by Steven Whittle, IALS Digitial Manager, developed from presentations at the launch in November 2017, reports on the event and describes what the Institute plans to achieve through IALS Digital, explaining what it is, how it has developed and how it fits well with the IALS national role in the promotion and facilitation of legal research.
Work Ability Impairment and Facets of Workplace Perception Are Predictive of Sick Leave Duration in Persons With Work Anxiety
Authors: Muschalla Beate 
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Individuals with work anxiety are at risk for long-term sick leave and create high costs for society, companies, and their own work biography. Understanding psychological return-to-work predictors is important for early reintegration of these persons into the work context. This longitudinal study for the first time investigates the predictive value of workplace perception and objective work ability impairment for future sick leave duration in persons with work anxiety. The investigation was carried out with 103 individuals with work anxieties. They were of working age and confronted with a return-to-work situation after somatic illness. Work ability impairment was assessed in a structured interview by a state-licensed sociomedical specialist using the established Mini-ICF-APP Scale. Participants completed a questionnaire on their workplace perception (KFZA). The degree of work ability impairment (Mini-ICF-APP) was predictive of longer sick leave as well as workplace perception (KFZA dimensions scope of action, social support, need for cooperation). Training and return-to-work support in persons with work anxiety should focus on both work ability impairment and on workplace perception.