bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting the dots: A narrative review of the relationship between heart failure and cognitive impairment
Authors: Massussi Mauro , Bellicini Maria Giulia , Adamo Marianna , Pilotto Andrea , Metra Marco , Padovani Alessandro , Proietti Riccardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLarge clinical data underscore that heart failure is independently associated to an increased risk of negative cognitive outcome and dementia. Emerging evidence suggests that cerebral hypoperfusion, stemming from reduced cardiac output and vascular pathology, may contribute to the largely overlapping vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Despite these insights, cognitive outcomes remain largely overlooked in heart failure management. This narrative review outlines the prevalence and risk of cognitive impairment in heart failure patients, exploring potential shared pathophysiological mechanisms and examining the impact of heart failure therapy on cognitive deficits. Additionally, it discusses clinical implications and suggests future treatment approaches targeting therapeutic outcomes. Cognitive impairment is prevalent among individuals with heart failure, with reported rates varying widely depending on assessment methods. Shared pathological pathways and risk factors, including atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggest a causal link. Mechanisms such as poor perfusion, microembolic events, ischaemic syndromes and cerebral inflammation contribute to this relationship. Moreover, heart failure itself may exacerbate cognitive dysfunction. This emerging understanding posits that vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease may represent a pathophysiological continuum, driven by both the accumulation of misfolded proteins and cerebrovascular pathology due to cardiovascular dysfunction. Understanding these links is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. The complex interplay between heart failure and cognitive impairment underscores the necessity for a holistic patient care approach. Both conditions share analogous disease processes, influencing self‐management and independence in patients. Prioritizing brain health in heart failure management is essential to enhance patient prognosis and general well‐being.
Time‐domain spectra of ultrasonic wave transmitted through granite and gypsum samples containing artificial defects
Authors: Tian Zhuoran , Zou Chunjiang , Wu Yun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe internal defects in rock masses can significantly impact the quality and safety of geotechnical projects. Mechanical waves, as a common nondestructive testing (NDT) method, can reflect the external and internal structures of rock or rock masses. Analyses on the reflected and transmitted waves enable nondestructive identification and assessment of potential defects within rocks. Previous studies mainly focused on the variation of single or limited wave features like main frequency, amplitude and energy between the intact and non‐intact samples. In fact, most information contained in the waveforms is neglected. Techniques of data mining can provide a powerful tool to reveal this information and therefore a more accurate determination of the internal structures. In this study, 995,412 NDT data from 14 types of granite and gypsum samples with different cross‐section shapes and different types of defects are recorded by an ultrasonic wave generation and collection system. This dataset can be used not only as the training data for defect classification in NDT but also as a good reference for conventional NDT analyses. Besides, time‐series data analysis is an opportunity and challenging issue, this dataset holds great potential for broader application in general time‐series classification analysis.
Nanofiber‐Coated CF/PEEK Composite: Boosting Osteogenesis for Enhanced Bone Grafting
Authors: Yang Dan‐Lei , Stephen Louise A. , Qayyum Junaid Ahmad , Yang Dongmin , Farquharson Colin , Radacsi Norbert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study presents the fabrication of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) by 3D printing, which is subsequently coated with elastic nanofibers by electrospinning. CF/PEEK is an FDA‐approved implantable material possessing excellent mechanical properties similar to those of human cortical bone. As such, it is a prime candidate for replacing conventional metallic implants. However, it is limited by its bioinertness and inferior osteogenic properties. In this study, CF/PEEK is engineered to have improved hydrophilic properties and generated micro/nano‐topographical structures on its surface. This is achieved by electrospinning directly onto the 3D‐printed CF/PEEK with fibers incorporating hydroxyapatite particles and gelatin. The results show that the micro‐/nano‐topographical CF/PEEK demonstrates a significant increase in mineralizing potential compared to non‐coated implants, where no mineralized matrix is observed. These fiber coating modifications to CF/PEEK are a promising and important step forward in the improvement of in vivo implant‐bone osteointegration.
Efficiency and Super‐Efficiency in the CRO Industry, 2012–2021: A Two‐Stage Exploration
Authors: Díaz Ricardo F. , Sanchez‐Robles Blanca 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper explores the productivity of contract research organizations (CROs) by computing and exploring efficiency and super‐efficiency data envelopment analysis (SDEA) scores for a sample of companies over 2012–2021. Main findings suggest that CRO efficiency and super‐efficiency is high and has increased more than 25% over 2012–2021. The top positions in the rankings according to efficiency are not limited to a few companies; in contrast, many firms in the sample are able to reach a top position in at least one concept of efficiency, suggesting the high degree of rivalry and competition in this industry. A second‐stage preliminary analysis of variables associated with efficiency suggests that best performers implement a sound human capital policy, with controlled costs. Moreover, they also have a careful short‐term cash‐flow management, with brief collection periods. Big and small firms outperform the rest of the companies, suggesting the presence of increasing returns and niche advantages in some stages of the supply chain. Finally, results suggest that the COVID pandemic had an asymmetric impact on CROs, affecting positively only large CROs.
3D‐printing continuous plant fiber/polylactic acid composites with lightweight and high strength
Authors: Xing Dan , Wang Haigang , Tao Yubo , Zhang Jingfa , Li Peng , Koubaa Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractContinuous plant yarn‐reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) composites were produced through in situ 3D printing, focusing on how plant fiber attributes influence the crystallization, mechanical, and rheological properties of the printed composites. The aim of this study was to assess the viability of plant fibers as substitutes for synthetic ones in engineering additive manufacturing. Plant fibers promoted the crystallization of PLA due to their shear induction and nucleation agent induction effects. The inherent triangular void defect during printing decreased with increasing plant fiber‐volume fraction. Rheological analysis revealed a transition to more elastic behavior post‐fiber addition, indicating solid‐like properties. The tensile strength of flax fiber‐yarn/PLA composite (volume fraction of 50.79%) was 342.37% higher than that of pure PLA, with a 22.2% lower density than pure PLA. Flax fiber demonstrated a superior reinforcement effect than carbon fiber in compressive strength for 3D printed honeycomb sheets with lower energy consumption and footprint. Optimizing fiber characteristics holds promise for high‐performance 3D‐printed natural fiber composites, particularly in vehicle applications.Highlights
Plant fiber/polylactic acid (PLA) composites were in situ printed with a volume fraction of 50.79%.
Plant fibers promoted the crystallization of PLA during the printing process.
The tensile strength of flax fiber/PLA increased by 342.3% with a 22.2% lower density than PLA.
Flax fiber showed a better reinforcement than carbon fiber in a compressive test of printed honeycomb.
Association of Benzodiazepine Prescription With Short‐Term Prognosis in Elderly Patients Attended in Emergency Department: Results From the EDEN PROJECT
Authors: Ruiz‐Ramos Jesus , Alquézar‐Arbé Aitor , Juanes‐Borrego Ana , González‐del‐Castillo Juan , Jacob Javier , Burillo Guillermo , Aguiló Sira , Fernandez Cesáreo , Plaza‐Díaz Adrián , Millán‐Soria Javier , Jara‐Torres Gema , López‐Delmas Nieves , Muñoz‐Triano Esperanza , Martín‐Durán Cristina , Delgado‐Sardina Violeta , Gallardo‐Sánchez Blanca Andrea , Osorio‐Quispe Ivet Gina , Real‐López Antonio , Gordo‐Remartinez Susana , González‐Ferreira Lucía , Álvarez‐Madrigal Alberto , Martínez‐Ibarreta‐Zorita Julia , Sánchez‐Moreno María , Sanchez‐Moreno Maite , Sánchez‐Serrano Jesús Ángel , Hernando‐Fernández Raquel , Turcios‐Torres Jennifer , Ponte‐Márquez Paola , Miró Òscar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimBenzodiazepine prescription is a growing phenomenon among the elderly population. However, information related to the frequency of these drugs among the elderly population attending in emergency departments (ED) and its impact over prognosis is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of benzodiazepine prescription and to analyze its association with short‐term prognosis in elderly patients attended in ED.MethodsA retrospective analysis of the EDEN (Emergency Department Elderly in Need) cohort was conducted. This registry included all elderly patients attending in 52 Spanish EDs for any condition, between April 1st and 7th in 2019. Socio‐demographic data, comorbidities, and medication were recorded by consulting the patient's electronic health records. The assessed outcomes consisted on new ED visit, hospitalization, and mortality at 30 days after the first ED visit, associated with the use of benzodiazepines at baseline in comparison with no prescription of benzodiazepines. Crude and adjusted logistic regression analyses including patient's comorbidities were performed. Two sensitivity analyses were performed considering concomitant prescription of other central nervous system depressants as well as direct discharge from the ED.Results25 557 patients were evaluated (mean age 78 [IQR: 71–84]). 7865 (30.8%) patients were taken benzodiazepines at admission. After adjustment for comorbidities and other central nervous system drugs, benzodiazepine prescription was associated with ED revisit [OR: 1.10 (95%CI: 1.03–1.18)]. Similar results were found in the sensitivity analysis, eliminating patients with central nervous depressors [OR: 1.11 (1.03–1.25)] and patients discharged to home [OR: 1.13 (1.04–1.23)]. No association was found between the use of these drugs and new hospitalizations [OR: 0.90 (0.77–1.05)] or mortality 30 days after discharge [OR: 1.01 (0.88–1.18)]. The results held for all three outcomes in the sensitivity analyses.ConclusionThe use of benzodiazepines is a frequent phenomenon among the elderly population attended in the ED, being associated with an increased risk of new visits to the emergency room, but not with an increased risk of 30‐day hospitalization or mortality.
Rapid estimation of DON content in wheat flour using close‐range hyperspectral imaging and machine learning
Authors: Saini Dinesh Kumar , Rana Anshul , Halder Jyotirmoy , Billah Mohammad Maruf , Gill Harsimardeep S. , Zhang Jinfeng , Thapa Subash , Ali Shaukat , Turnipseed Brent , Glover Karl , Maimaitijiang Maitiniyazi , Sehgal Sunish K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum). Moreover, it is notorious for producing mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON), posing a significant global threat to food and feed safety. Traditional methods like enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) are commonly used to assess DON levels in grain or flour samples and are time‐consuming and expensive. Therefore, a faster, cost‐effective method to estimate DON content is needed, especially for enhancing breeding efforts to reduce DON levels in wheat. In this study, we envisioned integrating close‐range hyperspectral imaging with deep learning (DL) models to estimate DON content in wheat meal/flour. We selected 243 advanced breeding lines from the South Dakota State University (SDSU) wheat breeding program that were evaluated in FHB nurseries (2019–2020 and 2020–2021). The wheat meal samples were analyzed for DON content using GC‐MS and subsequently subjected to close‐range hyperspectral imaging. We evaluated three conventional machine learning (ML), two DL models and data augmentation. Among the conventional ML models, partial least squares regression (PLSR) (with R2P = 0.88 and 0.90 for original and augmented datasets, respectively) demonstrated the highest prediction accuracies for DON content. However, the one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D‐CNN) achieved the highest prediction accuracies (R2P = 0.90 and = 0.96 for original and augmented datasets, respectively) compared to all tested models and demonstrated the lowest error. In conclusion, integration of advanced hyperspectral imaging with ML approaches exhibits significant potential for high‐throughput and cost‐effective estimation of DON content in wheat, thereby accelerating wheat breeding efforts for reduced DON levels.
Amazonian manatee critical habitat revealed by artificial intelligence‐based passive acoustic techniques
Authors: Erbs Florence , van der Schaar Mike , Marmontel Miriam , Gaona Marina , Ramalho Emiliano , André Michel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor many species at risk, monitoring challenges related to low visual detectability and elusive behavior limit the use of traditional visual surveys to collect critical information, hindering the development of sound conservation strategies. Passive acoustics can cost‐effectively acquire terrestrial and underwater long‐term data. However, to extract valuable information from large datasets, automatic methods need to be developed, tested and applied. Combining passive acoustics with deep learning models, we developed a method to monitor the secretive Amazonian manatee over two consecutive flooded seasons in the Brazilian Amazon floodplains. Subsequently, we investigated the vocal behavior parameters based on vocalization frequencies and temporal characteristics in the context of habitat use. A Convolutional Neural Network model successfully detected Amazonian manatee vocalizations with a 0.98 average precision on training data. Similar classification performance in terms of precision (range: 0.83–1.00) and recall (range: 0.97–1.00) was achieved for each year. Using this model, we evaluated manatee acoustic presence over a total of 226 days comprising recording periods in 2021 and 2022. Manatee vocalizations were consistently detected during both years, reaching 94% daily temporal occurrence in 2021, and up to 11 h a day with detections during peak presence. Manatee calls were characterized by a high emphasized frequency and high repetition rate, being mostly produced in rapid sequences. This vocal behavior strongly indicates an exchange between females and their calves. Combining passive acoustic monitoring with deep learning models, and extending temporal monitoring and increasing species detectability, we demonstrated that the approach can be used to identify manatee core habitats according to seasonality. The combined method represents a reliable, cost‐effective, scalable ecological monitoring technique that can be integrated into long‐term, standardized survey protocols of aquatic species. It can considerably benefit the monitoring of inaccessible regions, such as the Amazonian freshwater systems, which are facing immediate threats from increased hydropower construction.
Organometallic Compound Stabilizes All‐Inorganic Tin‐Based Perovskite Nanocrystals Against Antisolvent Post‐Treatment
Authors: Cheng Huiyuan , Hao Mengmeng , Ding Shanshan , He Dongxu , Zhang Bowei , Wang Kai , Yang Qishuo , Chen Peng , Wang Zitong , Xu Hongzhe , Zhang Chengxi , Wang Lianzhou , Steele Julian A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe isolation and purification of all‐inorganic Sn‐based perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) remain troublesome, as common antisolvents accelerate the collapse of the optically active perovskite structure. Here, we mitigate such instabilities and endow strong resistance to antisolvent by incorporating the organometallic compound zinc diethyldithiocarbamate, Zn(DDTC)2, during the solution‐based synthesis of all‐inorganic CsSnI3 nanocrystals. Thiourea is shown to form through the thermal‐driven conversion of Zn(DDTC)2 during synthesis, which binds to un‐passivated Sn sites on the crystal surface and shields it from irreversible oxidation reactions. The CsSnI3 PNCs capped with thiourea show great stability after two purification cycles using methyl acetate, with negligible change in morphology, phase, and optical properties. Moreover, the modified PNCs are resistant to other commonly used antisolvents, like ethyl acetate, 1‐pentanol, and isopropanol, offering a platform to explore all‐inorganic Sn‐based nanocrystalline thin films and optoelectronics.
Fully Non‐Fused Ring Electron Acceptors Enable Effective Additive‐Free Organic Solar Cells with Enhanced Exciton Diffusion Length
Authors: Li Kun , Liu Xuefeng , Zhong Jianbin , Chen Yu , Zhang Wei , Wang Pingyang , Wu Yishi , Liao Qing , An Cunbin , Fu Hongbing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLow‐cost photovoltaic materials and additive‐free, non‐halogenated solvent processing of photoactive layers are crucial for the large‐scale commercial application of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, high‐efficiency OSCs that possess all these advantages remain scarce due to the lack of insight into the structure‐property relationship. In this work, three fully non‐fused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs), DTB21, DTB22, and DTB23, are reported by utilizing a simplified 1,4‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzene (DTB) core with varied alkoxy chain lengths on the thiophene bridge. The material‐only costs of these acceptors are only 11–13$ per gram. Importantly, DTB22 has an exciton diffusion length (LD) of up to 25.5 nm. The DTB21 and DTB23 exhibit decreased LDs of 20.1 and 23.1 nm, respectively. After blending with the polymer donor PBQx‐TF, the PBQx‐TF:DTB22 film exhibits the fastest hole transfer and the longest carrier recombination lifetime among these OSCs. Consequently, the optimal PBQx‐TF:DTB22‐based OSC achieves an excellent PCE of 17.00%, which is among the highest values for fully NFREAs. In contrast, the PBQx‐TF:DTB21‐ and PBQx‐TF:DTB23‐based OSCs show relatively lower PCEs of 15.13% and 15.63%, respectively. Notably, all these OSCs are fabricated using toluene as the solvent, without any additives. Additionally, the DTB22‐based OSC also demonstrates good stability, retaining 95% of its initial efficiency after 500 h without encapsulation in a glovebox.
Self‐Templated 3D Sulfide‐Based Solid Composite Electrolyte for Solid‐State Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Guo Xiaolin , Li Yang , Halacoglu Selim , Graff Kincaid , Zhang Chunyan , Fu Kelvin , Xiong Hui (Claire) , Wang Hui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRechargeable solid‐state sodium metal batteries (SSMBs) experience growing attention owing to the increased energy density (vs Na‐ion batteries) and cost‐effective materials. Inorganic sulfide‐based Na‐ion conductors also possess significant potential as promising solid electrolytes (SEs) in SSMBs. Nevertheless, due to the highly reactive Na metal, poor interface compatibility is the biggest obstacle for inorganic sulfide solid electrolytes such as Na3SbS4 to achieve high performance in SSMBs. To address such electrochemical instability at the interface, new design of sulfide SE nanostructures and interface engineering are highly essential. In this work, a facile and straightforward approach is reported to prepare 3D sulfide‐based solid composite electrolytes (SCEs), which utilize porous Na3SbS4 (NSS) as a self‐templated framework and fill with a phase transition polymer. The 3D structured SCEs display obviously improved interface stability toward Na metal than pristine sulfide. The assembled SSMBs (with TiS2 or FeS2 as cathodes) deliver outstanding electrochemical cycling performance. Moreover, the cycling of high‐voltage oxide cathode Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NNMO) is also demonstrated in SSMBs using 3D sulfide‐based SCEs. This study presents a novel design on the self‐templated nanostructure of SCEs, paving the way for the advancement of high‐energy sodium metal batteries.
Compositional Complexity of Metal–Organic Frameworks with Programmable Spatial Arrangement of Multi‐Metallic Components
Authors: Lim Hyeongi , Lee Gihyun , Lee Jeehyoun , Yoo Ahram , Oh Moonhyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe components and structures of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are critical two factors that influence their properties and prospective applications. Moreover, the construction of complex MOFs integrating multiple components holds promise to achieve MOFs with unique properties. However, constructing complex MOFs with an intended 3D spatial arrangement of the multiple components remains underdeveloped. Herein, a systematic approach is reported for designing and constructing complex MOFs featuring multi‐metallic components with programmed 3D spatial distributions. Syringe pumps with programmed injection rates are employed to feed the intended amounts of multi‐metallic components into a reactor at specific time points. By controlling the quantities of components present in the reactor, their incorporation within MOFs is carefully managed, eventually achieving the intended spatial arrangement of multi‐metallic components within MOFs. This approach is successfully applied to constructing numerous bimetallic and trimetallic zeolitic imidazolate frameworks with programmed spatial distributions of Zn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, and/or Ni2+, with varied combinations, quantities, sequences, and numbers. This method is also suitable for fabricating the bimetallic MIL‐88B, proving its applicability to many MOFs. Using this method, precise control over multiple components with intended and complex spatial distributions can be attained, enabling the construction of special MOFs with tailored properties and functions.
Laser‐Regulated Iridium‐Diffused Nitrogen–Carbon Sites for Enhanced Hydrazine‐Assisted Alkaline Seawater Splitting and Zinc–Hydrazine Batteries
Authors: Moon Cheol Joo , Maheskumar Velusamy , Min Ahreum , Kumar Anuj , Lee Seongbo , Senthil Raja Arumugam , Ubaidullah Mohd , Choi Myong Yong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current study presents a quick and simple method for synthesizing Ir nanoclusters decorated on an N‐doped carbon (NC) matrix via pulsed laser ablation in liquid, followed by pyrolysis. The resulting Ir–NC material acts as a dual‐functional electrocatalyst, efficiently facilitating hydrogen generation through the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline seawater. The optimized Ir–NC‐2 catalyst exhibits a low operating potential of 23 mV versus the reversible hydrogen electrode for HzOR and a remarkably low overpotential of 24 mV for HER, achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline seawater, surpassing the performance of the Pt/C catalyst. Notably, the Ir–NC‐2 catalyst also demonstrates superior dual‐functionality in overall hydrazine‐assisted seawater splitting, requiring only 0.1 V at 10 mA cm−2 while maintaining stability. Moreover, density functional theory calculations reveal that the strong electronic interaction between the Ir nanoclusters and the NC matrix enhances mass transfer and electron conductivity, significantly boosting HER activity and accelerating the kinetics of hydrazine dehydrogenation. Consequently, the Ir–NC‐2 catalyst performs efficiently in a Zn–hydrazine battery, achieving high energy efficiency of 95.5% and demonstrating excellent stability for 120 h (360 cycles), indicating its potential for practical applications.