bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endotipsitis as an indication for pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Juamperez Javier , Quintero Jesús , Muntaner Antoni , Pérez Mercedes , Len Oscar , Charco Ramón 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEndotipsitis is a rare but severe complication of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), a device widely used to treat portal hypertension in adults, but sparsely used in children. We report a case of endotipsitis in a 3‐year‐old child affected of biliary atresia. She underwent a Kasai procedure at 3 months of age but, although the bile flow was restored, she presented upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to portal hypertension 1.5 years later. A TIPS was placed in order to control the hemorrhage. A year after TIPS placement, she started presenting repeated episodes of cholangitis. Blood cultures were positive to Enterobacter cloacae. Even with long antibiotic courses, adjusted to blood cultures, infectious signs were observed after antibiotic withdrawal. Device infection was demonstrated through Positron emission tomography‐Computed tomography scan. The patient was listed for liver transplantation, and intravenous antibiotic treatment was maintained until stent removal during the liver transplant 8 months later. No infectious complications were demonstrated after the surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of endotipsitis described in a pediatric patient.
Diagnostic accuracy of non‐specialist versus specialist health workers in diagnosing hearing loss and ear disease in Malawi
Authors: Bright Tess , Mulwafu Wakisa , Phiri Mwanaisha , Ensink Robbert J. H. , Smith Andrew , Yip Jennifer , Mactaggart Islay , Polack Sarah 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether a non‐specialist health worker can accurately undertake audiometry and otoscopy, the essential clinical examinations in a survey of hearing loss, instead of a highly skilled specialist (i.e. ENT or audiologist).MethodsA clinic‐based diagnostic accuracy study was conducted in Malawi. Consecutively sampled participants ≥ 18 years had their hearing tested using a validated tablet‐based audiometer (hearTest) by an audiologist (gold standard), an audiology officer, a nurse and a community health worker (CHW). Otoscopy for diagnosis of ear pathologies was conducted by an ENT specialist (gold standard), an ENT clinical officer, a CHW, an ENT nurse and a general nurse. Sensitivity, specificity and kappa (κ) were calculated. 80% sensitivity, 70% specificity and kappa of 0.6 were considered adequate.ResultsSix hundred and seventeen participants were included. High sensitivity (>90%) and specificity (>85%) in detecting bilateral hearing loss was obtained by all non‐specialists. For otoscopy, sensitivity and specificity were >80% for all non‐specialists in diagnosing any pathology except for the ENT nurse. Agreement in diagnoses for the ENT clinical officer was good (κ = 0.7) in both ears. For other assessors, moderate agreement was found (κ = 0.5).ConclusionA non‐specialist can be trained to accurately assess hearing using mobile‐based audiometry. However, accurate diagnosis of ear conditions requires at least an ENT clinical officer (or equivalent). Conducting surveys of hearing loss with non‐specialists could lower costs and increase data collection, particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries, where ENT specialists are scarce.
Membrane lipid polyunsaturation mediated by FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2 (FAD2) is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Nguyen Van Cam , Nakamura Yuki , Kanehara Kazue 
Published: April 2019

SummaryUnsaturation of membrane glycerolipid classes at their hydrophobic fatty acid tails critically affects the physical nature of the lipid molecule. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 7 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) differently desaturate each glycerolipid class in plastids and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we showed that polyunsaturation of ER glycerolipids is required for the ER stress response. Through systematic screening of FAD mutants, we found that a mutant of FAD2 resulted in a hypersensitive response to tunicamycin, a chemical inducer of ER stress. FAD2 converts oleic acid to linoleic acid of the fatty acyl groups of ER‐synthesized phospholipids. Our functional in vivo reporter assay revealed the ER localization and distinct tissue‐specific expression patterns of FAD2. Moreover, glycerolipid profiling of both mutants and overexpressors of FAD2 under tunicamycin‐induced ER stress conditions, along with phenotypic screening of the mutants of the FAD family, suggested that the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly 18:1 to 18:2 species, may be an important factor in allowing the ER membrane to cope with ER stress. Therefore, our results suggest that membrane lipid polyunsaturation mediated by FAD2 is involved in ER stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Cystathionine beta‐lyase is crucial for embryo patterning and the maintenance of root stem cell niche in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liu Guolan , Yang Weiyuan , Zhang Xiaojing , Peng Tao , Zou Yi , Zhang Tao , Wang Hao , Liu Xuncheng , Tao Li‐Zhen 
Published: April 2019

SummaryThe growth and development of roots in plants depends on the specification and maintenance of the root apical meristem. Here, we report the identification of CBL, a gene required for embryo and root development in Arabidopsis, and encodes cystathionine beta‐lyase (CBL), which catalyzes the penultimate step in methionine (Met) biosynthesis, and which also led to the discovery of a previous unknown, but crucial, metabolic contribution by the Met biosynthesis pathway. CBL is expressed in embryos and shows quiescent center (QC)‐enriched expression pattern in the root. cbl mutant has impaired embryo patterning, defective root stem cell niche, stunted root growth, and reduces accumulation of the root master regulators PLETHORA1 (PLT1) and PLT2. Furthermore, mutation in CBL severely decreases abundance of several PIN‐FORMED (PIN) proteins and impairs auxin‐responsive gene expression in the root tip. cbl seedlings also exhibit global reduction in histone H3 Lys‐4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and DNA methylation. Importantly, mutation in CBL reduces the abundance of H3K4me3 modification in PLT1/2 genes and downregulates their expression. Overexpression of PLT2 partially rescues cbl root meristem defect, suggesting that CBL acts in part through PLT1/2. Moreover, exogenous supplementation of Met also restores the impaired QC activity and the root growth defects of cbl. Taken together, our results highlight the unique role of CBL to maintain the root stem cell niche by cooperative actions between Met biosynthesis and epigenetic modification of key developmental regulators.
Void
Growth and Coalescence in Porous Plastic Solids With Sigmoidal
Hardening
Authors: Indurkar Padmeya
P. , Joshi Shailendra
P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of void growth and coalescence in isotropic, elastoplastic materials exhibiting sigmoidal hardening using unit cell calculations and micromechanics-based damage modeling. Axisymmetric finite element unit cell calculations are carried out under tensile loading with constant nominal stress triaxiality conditions. These calculations reveal the characteristic role of material hardening in the evolution of the effective response of the porous solid. The local heterogeneous flow hardening around the void plays an important role, which manifests in the stress–strain response, porosity evolution, void aspect ratio evolution, and the coalescence characteristics that are qualitatively different from those of a conventional power-law hardening porous solid. A homogenization-based damage model based on the micromechanics of void growth and coalescence is presented with two simple, heuristic modifications that account for this effect. The model is calibrated to a small number of unit cell results with initially spherical voids, and its efficacy is demonstrated for a range of porosity fractions, hardening characteristics, and void aspect ratios.
Conversion System for Grid-to-Vehicle and Vehicle-to-Grid Applications
Authors: Marinho Diogo , Chaves Miguel , Gambôa Paulo , Lopes José 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The increasing use of electrical vehicles aroused the problem of batteries charging and the consequent interface with the power grid. Commercial charging solutions are mostly based on unidirectional power flow converters; however, bidirectional power flow converters are an interesting solution when considering smart microgrid applications, with benefits in efficient energy use. In this context, the paper presents a bidirectional power flow converter for grid-to-vehicle (G2V) or vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications. The conversion system is based on a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI), which assures the grid connection with a unitary power factor. The direct current (DC) bus of the voltage source inverter is connected to a DC/DC converter that controls the battery power flow. This conversion system can operate in G2V mode when charging the battery or in V2G mode when working as an energy storage system and the power flow is from the battery to the power grid. The conversion system model is presented as well as the control strategy proposed. Simulation and experimental results showing voltages and currents in the circuit are also presented.
Influence of Sea Current on Stabilization of Moments and Forces in Risers
Authors: Adamiec-Wójcik Iwona , Brzozowska Lucyna , Wojciech Stanisław 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
One of the important aspects in the design of floating, production, storage, and offloading (FPSO) systems is to ensure a fairly constant load on risers despite the base motion caused by sea waves. The paper presents the authors’ own formulation of the finite segment method for dynamic analysis of risers and its application to the solution of a dynamic optimization problem. This task consists in defining vertical displacements of the top of the riser which compensate horizontal movements of the vessel or platform caused by sea waves. Compensation involves stabilizing the bending moment in the risers or the force in the connection of the riser and the wellhead. The model takes into account the influence of the sea by means of Morison equations. Different sea current profiles are considered. Calculation of vertical displacements of the top of the riser is carried out in order to stabilize the force or the bending moment for a defined function of horizontal displacements of the riser.
Investigation
on Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of a New Rigid-Flexible Gear Transmission With
Wear
Authors: Geng Zhibo , Xiao Ke , Wang Jiaxu , Li Junyang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
At present, the mean value of the meshing stiffness and the gear backlash is a fixed value in the nonlinear dynamic model. In this study, wear is considered in the model of the gear backlash and time-varying stiffness. With the increase of the operating time, the meshing stiffness decreases and the gear backlash increases. A six degrees-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic model of a new rigid-flexible gear pair is established with time-varying stiffness and time-varying gear backlash. The dynamic behaviors of the gear transmission system are studied through bifurcation diagrams with the operating time as control parameters. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the gear transmission system are analyzed using excitation frequency as control parameters at four operating time points. The bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré maps, fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectra, phase diagrams, and time series are used to investigate the state of motion. The results can provide a reference for the gear transmission system with wear.
‘They do not care how much you know until they know how much you care’: a qualitative meta-synthesis of patient experience in the emergency department
Authors: Graham Blair , Endacott Ruth , Smith Jason E , Latour Jos M 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundPatient experience is positively associated with both clinical effectiveness and patient safety and should be a priority for emergency care providers. While both quantitative and qualitative approaches can be used to evaluate patient experience in the emergency department (ED), the latter is well aligned to develop a detailed understanding of features influencing the lived experience of ED patients. This study aimed to systematically review the literature of qualitative studies to identify determinants of adult patient experience in the ED.MethodsA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis compliant systematic review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, BNI and bibliography searches to identify qualitative studies exploring patient experiences in ED published in English between 1997 and 2018. Quality assessment was conducted using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Descriptive text and quotations relating to patient experience were extracted from included studies and a meta-synthesis conducted using thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 625 records were screened from which 40 studies underwent full review and 22 were included. Results were coded by two researchers (BG and JML). Meta-synthesis identified 198 discrete units of analysis which were clustered around five analytical themes. These were based on the perceived ‘needs’ of patients visiting the ED and were defined as communication, emotional, competent care, physical/environmental and waiting needs. Findings were translated into a conceptual model for optimising patient experience in the ED.ConclusionThis meta-synthesis provides a framework for understanding the determinants of patient experience in the ED. The resulting conceptual model and recommendations may have the potential to directly inform practice and improve the patient experience.
Head, heart or checklist? How self-reported decision-making strategies change according to speciality and grade: a cross-sectional survey of doctors
Authors: Pumphrey Oliver , Grenville Jack , Colquhoun Matthew , Mullins Barry , Earls Patrick , Eaton Simon , Cleeve Stewart 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPurposeTo identify and analyse variations in self-reported decision-making strategies between medical professionals of different specialty and grade.Study designWe conducted a cross-sectional survey of doctors of different specialities and grades at St. George’s Hospital, London, UK. We administered 226 questionnaires asking participants to assign proportions of their clinical decision-making behaviour to four strategies: intuitive, analytical, rule-based and creative.ResultsWe found that physicians said they used rule-based decision-making significantly more than did surgeons and anaesthetists (p = 0.025) and analytical decision-making strategies significantly less (p = 0.003). In addition, we found that both intuitive (p = 0.0005) and analytical (p = 0.0005) decision-making had positive associations with increasing experience, whereas rule-based decision-making was negatively associated with greater experience (p = 0.0005).ConclusionsDecision-making strategies may evolve with increasing clinical experience from a predominant use of rule-based approaches towards greater use of intuitive or analytical methods depending on the familiarity and acuity of the clinical situation. Rule-based strategies remain important for delivering evidence-based care, particularly for less experienced clinicians, and for physicians more than surgeons, possibly due to the greater availability and applicability of guidelines for medical problems. Anaesthetists and intensivists tend towards more analytical decision-making than physicians; an observation which might be attributable to the greater availability and use of objective data in the care environment. As part of broader training in non-technical skills and human factors, increasing awareness among trainees of medical decision-making models and their potential pitfalls might contribute to reducing the burden of medical error in terms of morbidity, mortality and litigation.
HAWS
Authors: Gong Xun , Gong Xiang , Yu Leiming , Kaeli David 
Published: April 2019

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have become an attractive platform for accelerating challenging applications on a range of platforms, from High Performance Computing (HPC) to full-featured smartphones. They can overcome computational barriers in a wide range of data-parallel kernels. GPUs hide pipeline stalls and memory latency by utilizing efficient thread preemption. But given the demands on the memory hierarchy due to the growth in the number of computing cores on-chip, it has become increasingly difficult to hide all of these stalls.
In this article, we propose a novel Hint-Assisted Wavefront Scheduler (HAWS) to bypass long-latency stalls. HAWS starts by enhancing a compiler infrastructure to identify potential opportunities that can bypass memory stalls. HAWS includes a wavefront scheduler that can continue to execute instructions in the shadow of a memory stall, executing instructions speculatively, guided by compiler-generated hints. HAWS increases utilization of GPU resources by aggressively fetching/executing speculatively. Based on our simulation results on the AMD Southern Islands GPU architecture, at an estimated cost of 0.4% total chip area, HAWS can improve application performance by 14.6% on average for memory intensive applications.
SketchDLC
Authors: Xu Yemao , Dong Dezun , Xu Weixia , Liao Xiangke 
Published: April 2019

With the fast development of deep learning (DL), the communication is increasingly a bottleneck for distributed workloads, and a series of optimization works have been done to scale out successfully. Nevertheless, the network behavior has not been investigated much yet. We intend to analyze the network behavior and then carry out some research through network simulation. Under this circumstance, an accurate communication measurement is necessary, as it is an effective way to study the network behavior and the basis for accurate simulation. Therefore, we propose to capture the deep learning communication (DLC) trace to achieve the measurement.
To the best of our knowledge, we make the first attempt to capture the communication trace for DL training. In this article, we first provide detailed analyses about the communication mechanism of MXNet, which is a representative framework for distributed DL. Secondly, we define the DLC trace format to describe and record the communication behaviors. Third, we present the implementation of method for trace capturing. Finally, we make some statistics and analyses about the distributed DL training, including communication pattern, overlap ratio between computation and communication, computation overhead, synchronization overhead, update overhead, and so forth. Both the statistics and analyses are based on the trace files captured in a cluster with six machines. On the one hand, our trace files provide a sketch on the DLC, which contributes to understanding the communication details. On the other hand, the captured trace files can be used for figuring out various overheads, as they record the communication behaviors of each node.
CAD-Base
Authors: Basu Kanad , Saeed Samah Mohamed , Pilato Christian , Ashraf Mohammed , Nabeel Mohammed Thari , Chakrabarty Krishnendu , Karri Ramesh 
Published: April 2019

Fabless semiconductor companies design system-on-chips (SoC) by using third-party intellectual property (IP) cores and fabricate them in offshore, potentially untrustworthy foundries. Owing to the globally distributed electronics supply chain, security has emerged as a serious concern. In this article, we explore electronics computer-aided design (CAD) software as a threat vector that can be exploited to introduce vulnerabilities into the SoC. We show that all electronics CAD tools—high-level synthesis, logic synthesis, physical design, verification, test, and post-silicon validation—are potential threat vectors to different degrees. We have demonstrated CAD-based attacks on several benchmarks, including the commercial ARM Cortex M0 processor [1].
Lysyl oxidase-like 2 depletion is protective in age-associated vascular stiffening
Authors: Steppan Jochen , Wang Huilei , Bergman Yehudit , Rauer Marcel J. , Tan Siqi , Jandu Sandeep , Nandakumar Kavitha , Barreto-Ortiz Sebastian , Cole Robert N. , Boronina Tatiana N. , Zhu Wanqu , Halushka Marc K. , An Steven S. , Berkowitz Dan E. , Santhanam Lakshmi 
Published: April 2019

Vascular stiffening and its sequelae are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. The increasingly accepted concept of “smooth muscle cell (SMC) stiffness syndrome” along with matrix deposition has emerged in vascular biology to account for the mechanical phenotype of arterial aging, but the molecular targets remain elusive. In this study, using an unbiased proteomic analysis, we identified lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) as a critical SMC mediator for age-associated vascular stiffening. We tested the hypothesis that loss of LOXL2 function is protective in aging-associated vascular stiffening. We determined that exogenous and endogenous nitric oxide markedly decreased LOXL2 abundance and activity in the extracellular matrix of isolated SMCs and LOXL2 endothelial cells suppress LOXL2 abundance in the aorta. In a longitudinal study, LOXL2+/− mice were protected from age-associated increase in pulse-wave velocity, an index of vascular stiffening, as occurred in littermate wild-type mice. Using isolated aortic segments, we found that LOXL2 mediates vascular stiffening in aging by promoting SMC stiffness, augmented SMC contractility, and vascular matrix deposition. Together, these studies establish LOXL2 as a nodal point for a new therapeutic approach to treat age-associated vascular stiffening. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased central vascular stiffness augments risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. Despite significant advances in understanding the genetic and molecular underpinnings of vascular stiffening, targeted therapy has remained elusive. Here, we show that lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) drives vascular stiffening during aging by promoting matrix remodeling and vascular smooth muscle cell stiffening. Reduced LOXL2 expression protects mice from age-associated vascular stiffening and delays the onset of isolated systolic hypertension, a major consequence of stiffening.