bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation-related biomarkers in major psychiatric disorders: a cross-disorder assessment of reproducibility and specificity in 43 meta-analyses
Authors: Yuan Ning , Chen Yu , Xia Yan , Dai Jiacheng , Liu Chunyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractInflammation is a natural defence response of the immune system against environmental insult, stress and injury, but hyper- and hypo-inflammatory responses can trigger diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is involved in multiple psychiatric disorders. Using inflammation-related factors as biomarkers of psychiatric disorders requires the proof of reproducibility and specificity of the changes in different disorders, which remains to be established. We performed a cross-disorder study by systematically evaluating the meta-analysis results of inflammation-related factors in eight major psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), major depression disorder (MDD), post-trauma stress disorder (PTSD), sleeping disorder (SD), obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and suicide. A total of 43 meta-analyses involving 704 publications on 44 inflammation-related factors were included in the study. We calculated the effect size and statistical power for every inflammation-related factor in each disorder. Our analyses showed that well-powered case–control studies provided more consistent results than underpowered studies when one factor was meta-analysed by different researchers. After removing underpowered studies, 30 of the 44 inflammation-related factors showed significant alterations in at least one disorder based on well-powered meta-analyses. Eleven of them changed in patients of more than two disorders when compared with the controls. A few inflammation-related factors showed unique changes in specific disorders (e.g., IL-4 increased in BD, decreased in suicide, but had no change in MDD, ASD, PTSD and SCZ). MDD had the largest number of changes while SD has the least. Clustering analysis showed that closely related disorders share similar patterns of inflammatory changes, as genome-wide genetic studies have found. According to the effect size obtained from the meta-analyses, 13 inflammation-related factors would need <50 cases and 50 controls to achieve 80% power to show significant differences (p < 0.0016) between patients and controls. Changes in different states of MDD, SCZ or BD were also observed in various comparisons. Studies comparing first-episode SCZ to controls may have more reproducible findings than those comparing pre- and post-treatment results. Longitudinal, system-wide studies of inflammation regulation that can differentiate trait- and state-specific changes will be needed to establish valuable biomarkers.
Unifying description of competing orders in two-dimensional quantum magnets
Authors: Song Xue-Yang , Wang Chong , Vishwanath Ashvin , He Yin-Chen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractQuantum magnets provide the simplest example of strongly interacting quantum matter, yet they continue to resist a comprehensive understanding above one spatial dimension. We explore a promising framework in two dimensions, the Dirac spin liquid (DSL) — quantum electrodynamics (QED3) with 4 Dirac fermions coupled to photons. Importantly, its excitations include magnetic monopoles that drive confinement. We address previously open key questions — the symmetry actions on monopoles on square, honeycomb, triangular and kagome lattices. The stability of the DSL is enhanced on triangular and kagome lattices compared to bipartite (square and honeycomb) lattices. We obtain the universal signatures of the DSL on triangular and kagome lattices, including those of monopole excitations, as a guide to numerics and experiments on existing materials. Even when unstable, the DSL helps unify and organize the plethora of ordered phases in correlated two-dimensional materials.
Cross-linked beta alumina nanowires with compact gel polymer electrolyte coating for ultra-stable sodium metal battery
Authors: Lei Danni , He Yan-Bing , Huang Huijuan , Yuan Yifei , Zhong Guiming , Zhao Qiang , Hao Xiaoge , Zhang Danfeng , Lai Chen , Zhang Siwei , Ma Jiabin , Wei Yinping , Yu Qipeng , Lv Wei , Yu Yan , Li Baohua , Yang Quan-Hong , Yang Yong , Lu Jun , Kang Feiyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSodium metal batteries have potentially high energy densities, but severe sodium-dendrite growth and side reactions prevent their practical applications, especially at high temperatures. Herein, we design an inorganic ionic conductor/gel polymer electrolyte composite, where uniformly cross-linked beta alumina nanowires are compactly coated by a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)-based gel polymer electrolyte through their strong molecular interactions. These beta alumina nanowires combined with the gel polymer layer create dense and homogeneous solid-liquid hybrid sodium-ion transportation channels through and along the nanowires, which promote uniform sodium deposition and formation of a stable and flat solid electrolyte interface on the sodium metal anode. Side reactions between the sodium metal and liquid electrolyte, as well as sodium dendrite formation, are successfully suppressed, especially at 60 °C. The sodium vanadium phosphate/sodium full cells with composite electrolyte exhibit 95.3% and 78.8% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 1 C at 25 °C and 60 °C, respectively.
Heme and hemoglobin utilization by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Mitra Avishek , Ko Ying-Hui , Cingolani Gino , Niederweis Michael 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIron is essential for growth ofMycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb), but most iron in the human body is stored in heme within hemoglobin. Here, we demonstrate that the substrate-binding protein DppA of the inner membrane Dpp transporter is required for heme and hemoglobin utilization by Mtb. The 1.27 Å crystal structure of DppA shows a tetrapeptide bound in the protein core and a large solvent-exposed crevice for heme binding. Mutation of arginine 179 in this cleft eliminates heme binding to DppA and prevents heme utilization by Mtb. The outer membrane proteins PPE36 and PPE62 are also required for heme and hemoglobin utilization, indicating that these pathways converge at the cell surface of Mtb. Albumin, the most abundant blood protein, binds heme specifically and bypasses the requirements for PPE36, PPE62 and Dpp. Thus, our study reveals albumin-dependent and -independent heme uptake pathways, highlighting the importance of iron acquisition from heme for Mtb.
Enhancement of exfoliating efficacy of L-carnitine with ion-pair method monitored by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: In Sohyun , Yook Naeun , Kim Jin-Hyun , Shin Munju , Tak Suryeon , Jeon Jeong Hoon , Ahn Byungjun , Park Sun-Gyoo , Lee Cheon-Koo , Kang Nae-Gyu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCarnitine (CAR), an amino acid derivative, has great potential as a facial exfoliating agent owing to its calcium chelating property under weakly acidic or neutral conditions. However, its application is limited by its poor transdermal penetration. To optimise its exfoliation efficacy with minimal concentration, we propose the ion-pair method. The ionic interaction between CAR and a zwitterionic substance was successfully monitored by measuring conductivity. The alterations of penetration and exfoliation efficacy for CAR addition to different types of counter ions were investigated in vitro and in vivo. We found that hydrogenated soya phosphatidylcholine (HSC), an amphiphilic counter ion, significantly increases the stratum corneum penetration and exfoliation efficacy of CAR. The changes of the CAR-HSC ionic interaction in the presence of calcium ions were also investigated by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The NMR spectra for amino groups of CAR first decreased with HSC and then gradually recovered and shifted as calcium ions were added. From the results, a noble exfoliating complex of CAR with high exfoliation efficacy could be proposed. Moreover, the results demonstrate that NMR spectroscopy is useful to obtain direct experimental evidence of the molecular dynamics simulations of the alteration of an exfoliating complex as it penetrates.
The role of the GABAA receptor Alpha 1 subunit in the ventral hippocampus in stress resilience
Authors: Ardi Z. , Richter-Levin A. , Xu L. , Cao X. , Volkmer H. , Stork O. , Richter-Levin G. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPre-pubertal stress increases post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) susceptibility. We have previously demonstrated that enriched environment (EE) intervention immediately after pre-pubertal stress protects from the effects of trauma in adulthood. Here, we examined whether exposure to EE would also be beneficial if applied after exposure to trauma in adulthood. We have recently shown that exposure to juvenile stress and under-water trauma (UWT) is associated with increased expression of GABAA receptor subunit α1 in the ventral hippocampus. However, differentiating between affected and unaffected individuals, this increased expression was confined to stress-exposed, behaviorally unaffected individuals, suggesting upregulation of α1 expression as a potential mechanism of resilience. We now examined whether EE-induced resilience renders increased expression of α1 in the ventral hippocampus redundant when facing a trauma later in life. Adult rats were exposed to UWT, with pre-exposure to juvenile stress, and tested in the open field and elevated plus maze paradigms four weeks later. EE exposure during juvenility prevented pre-pubertal stress-induced vulnerability, but not if performed following UWT in adulthood. Furthermore, juvenile EE exposure prevented the trauma-associated increase in α1 expression levels. Our findings emphasize the importance of early interventions in order to reduce the likelihood of developing psychopathologies in adulthood.
Distinct responses from bacterial, archaeal and fungal streambed communities to severe hydrological disturbances
Authors: Gionchetta G. , Romaní A. M. , Oliva F. , Artigas J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractStream microbes that occur in the Mediterranean Basin have been shown to possess heightened sensitivity to intensified water stress attributed to climate change. Here, we investigate the effects of long-term drought (150 days), storms and rewetting (7 days) on the diversity and composition of archaea, bacteria and fungi inhabiting intermittent streambed sediment (surface and hyporheic) and buried leaves. Hydrological alterations modified the archaeal community composition more than the bacterial community composition, whereas fungi were the least affected. Throughout the experiment, archaeal communities colonizing sediments showed greater phylogenetic distances compared to those of bacteria and fungi, suggesting considerable adaptation to severe hydrological disturbances. The increase in the class abundances, such as those of Thermoplasmata within archaea and of Actinobacteria and Bacilli within bacteria, revealed signs of transitioning to a drought-favoured and soil-like community composition. Strikingly, we found that in comparison to the drying phase, water return (as sporadic storms and rewetting) led to larger shifts in the surface microbial community composition and diversity. In addition, microhabitat characteristics, such as the greater capacity of the hyporheic zone to maintain/conserve moisture, tended to modulate the ability of certain microbes (e.g., bacteria) to cope with severe hydrological disturbances.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Biomarker in Rodent Peripheral Nerve Injury Models Reveals an Age-Related Impairment of Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Giorgetti Elisa , Obrecht Michael , Ronco Marie , Panesar Moh , Lambert Christian , Accart Nathalie , Doelemeyer Arno , Nash Mark , Bidinosti Michael , Beckmann Nicolau 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAssessment of myelin integrity in peripheral nerve injuries and pathologies has largely been limited to post-mortem analysis owing to the difficulty in obtaining biopsies without affecting nerve function. This is further encumbered by the small size of the tissue and its location. Therefore, the development of robust, non-invasive methods is highly attractive. In this study, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, including magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), to longitudinally and non-invasively characterize both the sciatic nerve crush and lysolecithin (LCP) demyelination models of peripheral nerve injury in rodents. Electrophysiological, gene expression and histological assessments complemented the extensive MRI analyses in young and aged animals. In the nerve crush model, MTR analysis indicated a slower recovery in regions distal to the site of injury in aged animals, as well as incomplete recovery at six weeks post-crush when analyzing across the entire nerve surface. Similar regional impairments were also found in the LCP demyelination model. This research underlines the power of MTR for the study of peripheral nerve injury in small tissues such as the sciatic nerve of rodents and contributes new knowledge to the effect of aging on recovery after injury. A particular advantage of the approach is the translational potential to human neuropathies.
Oil exposure alters social group cohesion in fish
Authors: Armstrong Tiffany , Khursigara Alexis J. , Killen Shaun S. , Fearnley Hannah , Parsons Kevin J. , Esbaugh Andrew J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany animal taxa live in groups to increase foraging and reproductive success and aid in predator avoidance. For fish, a large proportion of species spend all or part of their lives in groups, with group coordination playing an important role in the emergent benefits of group-living. Group cohesion can be altered by an array of factors, including exposure to toxic environmental contaminants. Oil spills are one of the most serious forms of pollution in aquatic systems, and while a range of effects of acute oil exposure on animal physiology have been demonstrated, sub-lethal effects on animal behavior are relatively under-studied. Here we used an open-field behavioral assay to explore influence of acute oil exposure on social behavior in a gregarious fish native to the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus). We used two oil concentrations (0.7% and 2% oil dilution, or 6.0 ± 0.9 and 32.9 ± 5.9 μg l−1ΣPAH50respectively) and assays were performed when all members of a group were exposed, when only one member was exposed, and when no individuals were exposed. Shoal cohesion, as assessed via mean neighbor distance, showed significant impairment following acute exposure to 2% oil. Fish in oil-exposed groups also showed reduced voluntary movement speed. Importantly, overall group cohesion was disrupted when even one fish within a shoal was exposed to 2% oil, and the behavior of unexposed in mixed groups, in terms of movement speed and proximity to the arena wall, was affected by the presence of these exposed fish. These results demonstrate that oil exposure can have adverse effects on fish behavior that may lead to reduced ecological success.
Improved Dynamic Light Scattering using an adaptive and
statistically driven time resolved treatment of correlation data
Authors: Malm Alexander V. , Corbett Jason C. W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is a ubiquitous and non-invasive
measurement for the characterization of nano- and micro-scale particles in
dispersion. The sixth power relationship between scattered intensity and particle
radius is simultaneously a primary advantage whilst rendering the technique
sensitive to unwanted size fractions from unclean lab-ware, dust and aggregated
& dynamically aggregating sample, for example. This can make sample preparation
iterative, challenging and time consuming and often requires the use of data
filtering methods that leave an inaccurate estimate of the steady state size
fraction and may provide no knowledge to the user of the presence of the transient
fractions. A revolutionary new approach to DLS measurement and data analysis is
presented whereby the statistical variance of a series of individually analysed,
extremely short sub-measurements is used to classify data as steady-state or
transient. Crucially, all sub-measurements are reported, and no data are rejected,
providing a precise and accurate measurement of both the steady state and transient
size fractions. We demonstrate that this approach deals intrinsically and seamlessly
with the transition from a stable dispersion to the partially- and fully-aggregated
cases and results in an attendant improvement in DLS precision due to the shorter
sub measurement length and the classification process used.
A LOFAR-IRAS cross-match study: the far-infrared radio correlation and the 150 MHz luminosity as a star-formation rate tracer
Authors: Wang L. , Gao F. , Duncan K. J. , Williams W. L. , Rowan-Robinson M. , Sabater J. , Shimwell T. W. , Bonato M. , Calistro-Rivera G. , Chyży K. T. , Farrah D. , Gürkan G. , Hardcastle M. J. , McCheyne I. , Prandoni I. , Read S. C. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Smith D. J. B. 
Published: September 2019

Aims. We aim to study the far-infrared radio correlation (FIRC) at 150 MHz in the local Universe (at a median redshift ⟨z⟩∼0.05) and improve the use of the rest-frame 150 MHz luminosity, L150, as a star-formation rate (SFR) tracer, which is unaffected by dust extinction.
Methods. We cross-match the 60 μm selected Revised IRAS Faint Source Survey Redshift (RIFSCz) catalogue and the 150 MHz selected LOFAR value-added source catalogue in the Hobby-Eberly Telescope Dark Energy Experiment (HETDEX) Spring Field. We estimate L150 for the cross-matched sources and compare it with the total infrared (IR) luminosity, LIR, and various SFR tracers.
Results. We find a tight linear correlation between log L150 and log LIR for star-forming galaxies, with a slope of 1.37. The median qIR value (defined as the logarithm of the LIR to L150 ratio) and its rms scatter of our main sample are 2.14 and 0.34, respectively. We also find that log L150 correlates tightly with the logarithm of SFR derived from three different tracers, i.e., SFRHα based on the Hα line luminosity, SFR60 based on the rest-frame 60 μm luminosity and SFRIR based on LIR, with a scatter of 0.3 dex. Our best-fit relations between L150 and these SFR tracers are, log L150 (L⊙) = 1.35(±0.06) × log SFRHα (M⊙ yr−1) + 3.20(±0.06), log L150 (L⊙) = 1.31(±0.05) × log SFR60 (M⊙ yr−1) + 3.14(±0.06), and log L150 (L⊙) = 1.37 (±0.05) × log SFRIR (M⊙ yr−1) + 3.09(±0.05), which show excellent agreement with each other.
Die venöse End zu Seit Anastomose mit einem Coupler Device bei freien mikrovaskulären Lappenplastiken
Authors: Walle Leonard , Fansa Hisham , Thiel Tobias , Scholtz Lars-Uwe , Sudhoff Holger , Frerichs Onno 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungMit dieser Studie präsentieren wir unsere Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen zur venösen End zu Seit Anastomose mit einem Coupler Device bei freien mikrovaskulären Lappenplastiken.
Preoperative Anaemia in Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Meybohm Patrick , Kohlhof Hendrik , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Marzi Ingo , Füllenbach Christoph , Choorapoikayil Suma , Wittmann Maria , Marschall Ursula , Thoma Josef , Schwendner Klaus , Stark Patrick , Raadts Ansgar , Friedrich Jens , Weigt Henry , Friederich Patrick , Huber Josef , Gutjahr Martin , Schmitt Elke , Zacharowski Kai 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Introduction Approximately one in three patients has untreated preoperative anaemia, which in turn is associated with an increased need for transfusion of allogenic red blood cell concentrates (RBC) and complications in the context of a surgical intervention. Here, the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative anaemia as well as their effects on transfusion rate, hospital length of stay and hospital mortality in primary hip and knee arthroplasty has been analysed.
Methods From January 2012 to September 2018, 378,069 adult inpatients from 13 German hospitals were analysed on the basis of an anonymized registry. Of these, n = 10,017 patients had a hip and knee joint primary arthroplasty. The primary endpoint was the incidence of preoperative anaemia, which was analysed by the first available preoperative haemoglobin value according to the WHO definition. Secondary endpoints included in-hospital length of stay, number of patients with red blood cell concentrate transfusion, incidence of hospital-acquired anaemia, number of deceased patients, and postoperative complications.
Results The preoperative anaemia rate was 14.8% for elective knee joint arthroplasty, 22.9% for elective hip joint arthroplasty and 45.0% for duo-prosthesis implantation. Preoperative anaemia led to a significantly higher transfusion rate (knee: 8.3 vs. 1.8%; hip: 34.5 vs. 8.1%; duo-prosthesis: 42.3 vs. 17.4%), an increased red blood cell concentrate consumption (knee: 256 ± 107 vs. 29 ± 5 RBC/1000 patients; hip: 929 ± 60 vs. 190 ± 16 RBC/1000 patients; duo-prosthesis: 1411 ± 98 vs. 453 ± 42 RBC/1000 patients). Pre-operative anaemia was associated with prolonged hospital stay (12.0 [10.0; 17.0] d vs. 11.0 [9.0; 13.0] d; p < 0.001) and increased mortality (5.5% [4.6 – 6.5%] vs. 0.9% [0.7 – 1.2%]; Fisher p < 0.001) compared to non-anaemic patients. In patients aged 80 years and older, the incidence of preoperative anaemia and thus the transfusion rate was almost twice as high as in patients under 80 years of age.
Summary Preoperative anaemia is common in knee and hip primary arthroplasty and was associated with a relevant increase in red blood cell concentrate consumption. In the context of patient blood management, a relevant potential arises, especially in elective orthopaedic surgery, to better prepare elective patients, to avoid unnecessary transfusions and thus to conserve the valuable resource blood.
Nokardiose als Differenzialdiagnose pulmonaler epitheloidzelliger Granulome
Authors: Acar A. , Niemeyer D. , Groß-Fengels W. , Bachmann M. , Wiest G. 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungEin 47-jähriger Mann wurde mit Fieber, Gewichtsverlust und radiologisch nachgewiesenen flächenhaften Konsolidierungen mit Kavernenbildung vorstellig. Nachdem in der umfangreichen Diagnostik pulmonale epitheloidzellige Granulome festgestellt wurden, erhielt er unter dem Verdacht einer Sarkoidose eine immunsuppressive Therapie. Im weiteren Verlauf kam es zu einem Progress der pulmonalen Infiltrate und Nachweis von zerebralen und abdominalen Abszessen, deren mikrobiologische Untersuchung Nocardia farcinica ergab. Trotz antibiogrammgerechter Therapie verstarb der Patient im Rahmen eines septischen Schocks mit Multiorganversagen.Die Nokardiose ist eine seltene granulomatöse bakterielle Infektionskrankheit. Als Risikofaktoren gelten die Immunsuppression und strukturelle Lungenerkrankungen. Typisches Krankheitsmerkmal ist eine Abszessbildung, die in jedem Organ auftreten kann, wobei der pulmonale Beginn häufig ist. Der Fall veranschaulicht die Relevanz, seltene Differenzialdiagnosen bei Nachweis von pulmonalen epitheloidzelligen Granulomen in Betracht zu ziehen.