bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fe2O3/Mn2O3 nanoparticles: Preparations and applications in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and parathion in water
Authors: Mai Nguyen Vu Ngoc , Lim Duong Thi , Bac Nguyen Quang , Chi Nguyen Thi Ha , Dung Doan Trung , Pham Ngo Nghia , Nhiem Dao Ngoc 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, nanoparticles of Fe2O3/Mn2O3 mixture were obtained using the sol–gel method. The synthesis uses the combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and tartaric acid (TA). Synthesized catalysts prove superior compared to those afforded from previous reports. To be specific, desired catalysts can be received at lower calcination temperature. Furthermore, their structures display higher uniformity in term of particle sizes. Finally, they show better performance for the photocatalytic degradation of model‐persistent organic compounds.
A recurrent missense mutation in the EDAR gene causes severe autosomal recessive hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in two consanguineous Kashmiri families
Authors: Sadia  , Foo Jia Nee , Khor Chiea Chuen , Jelani Musharraf , Ali Ghazanfar 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundHypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a rare congenital disorder arising from the abnormal development of ectoderm derived structures, including skin, hair, nails, teeth and glands. These patients have sparse hair on the whole body, including the scalp, as well as hypoplastic teeth. They have no resistance to heat as a result of abnormal sweat glands. In total, four genes, namely ectodysplasin A (EDA), ectodysplasin A receptor (EDAR), EDAR‐associated death domain protein (EDARADD) and Wnt family member 10A (WNT10A), are known to be involved in the etiology of HED.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated two consanguineous Kashmiri families (A &B) with an autosomal recessive form of HED. Using whole exome sequencing and different bioinformatics tools, we detected a recurrent mutation causing severe HED.ResultsWe identified an already known rare homozygous missense (NM_022336 c.1300 T>C; p.W434R; minor allele frequency 0.00007) variant in exon 12 of the EDAR gene. This variant segregated with a homozygous form in all patients and their obligate carriers were heterozygous. A panel of > 100 unrelated ethnically matched controls was screened, and the mutation was not identified outside the families. Furthermore, the candidate variant is predicted to be damaging by in silico software giving a CADD (Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion) score of 25.5, which indicates that the variant is among the top 1% of the deleterious variants in the human genome.ConclusionsThe identification of the same homozygous mutation segregating with disease in two different families supports the important role of the gene in the development of the disorder and this may contribute to novel approaches, prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of families with EDAR related disorders.
Investigation of geometrical and doping parameter variations on GaSb/Si‐based double gate tunnel FETs: A qualitative and quantitative approach for RF performance enhancement
Authors: Shanmuganathan Poorvasha , Balasubramanian Lakshmi 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper compares the radio frequency (RF) performance enhancement of GaSb/Si‐based double gate (DG) tunnel field‐effect transistors (TFETs) and DG TFETs with gate‐drain overlap devices using technology computer‐aided design (TCAD) simulations. The geometrical parameters taken under consideration are gate length (Lg), gate oxide thickness (tox), channel thickness (tch), and doping parameters are channel doping (Nch), drain doping (Nd), and source doping (Ns). These parameters are varied to extract the RF parameters, cut‐off frequency (ft), maximum oscillation frequency (fmax), intrinsic gain, and admittance (Y) parameters. DG TFET with gate‐drain overlap offers highest fmax values of 977 GHz for drain doping of 1e20 cm−3. Higher values of output resistance (Ro) results in high intrinsic gain values for DG TFET with gate‐drain overlap. In terms of Y parameters, DG TFET with gate‐drain overlap shows better Y11 and Y22 values compared with DG TFET. A quantitative model as a function of geometrical and doping parameters is modelled for all the RF parameters that validate the simulated values and predicted values.
Acclimation of a rocky shore algal reef builder Neogoniolithon sp. to changing illuminations
Authors: Gefen‐Treves Shany , Kedem Isaac , Weiss Gad , Wagner Dirk , Tchernov Dan , Kaplan Aaron 
Published: July 2019

AbstractVermetid reefs and rocky shores are hot spots of biodiversity, often referred to as the subtropical equivalent of coral reefs. The development of the ecosystem depends on the activity of several reef builders, including red crustose coralline algae (CCA) such as Neogoniolithon brassica‐florida. Despite its importance, little is known about Neogoniolithon sp. acclimation to rapid changes in light intensity and corresponding photosynthetic activity. To overcome the large spatial variability in the light field (due to location and the porous nature of the rocks) we grew Neogoniolithon sp. on glass slides and characterized its photosynthetic performance in response to various light intensities by following O2 exchange and fluorescence parameters. This was also performed on rock‐inhabiting thalli collected from the east Mediterranean basin. Generally, maximal photosynthetic rate was reached when Neogoniolithon sp. thalli grown under low illumination (such as in protected niches where the light intensity can be as low as 1% of surface illumination) were examined. When exposed to light intensities higher than those experienced during growth, Neogoniolithon sp. activates adaptive/protective mechanisms such as state transition and nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching and increases the dark respiration thereafter. We find that the Fv/Fm parameter (variable/maximal fluorescence) is not suitable to assess photosynthetic performance in Neogoniolithon sp. and propose using instead an alternative parameter recently developed. Our findings help to clarify why Neogoniolithon sp. is usually observed in shaded niches along the reef surfaces.
Polymeric Micelles Loading Proteins through Concurrent Ion Complexation and pH‐Cleavable Covalent Bonding for In Vivo Delivery
Authors: Tao Anqi , Huang George Lo , Igarashi Kazunori , Hong Taehun , Liao Suiyang , Stellacci Francesco , Matsumoto Yu , Yamasoba Tatsuya , Kataoka Kazunori , Cabral Horacio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProtein drugs have great potential as targeted therapies, yet their application suffers from several drawbacks, such as instability, short half‐life, and adverse immune responses. Thus, protein delivery approaches based on stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers can provide effective strategies for selectively enhancing the availability and activation of proteins in targeted tissues. Herein, polymeric micelles with the ability of encapsulating proteins are developed via concurrent ion complexation and pH‐cleavable covalent bonding between proteins and block copolymers directed to pH‐triggered release of the protein payload. Carboxydimethylmaleic anhydride (CDM) is selected as the pH‐sensitive moiety, since the CDMamide bond is stable at physiological pH (pH 7.4), while it cleaves at pH 6.5, that is, the pathophysiological pH of tumors and inflammatory tissues. By using poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(l‐lysine) block copolymers having 45% CDM addition, different proteins with various sizes and isoelectric points are loaded successfully. By using myoglobin‐loaded micelles (myo/m) as a model, the stability of the micelles in physiological conditions and the dissociation and release of functional myoglobin at pH 6.5 are successfully confirmed. Moreover, myo/m shows extended half‐life in blood compared to free myoglobin and micelles assembled solely by polyion complex, indicating the potential of this system for in vivo delivery of proteins.
Early limbic microstructural alterations in apathy and depression in de novo Parkinson's disease
Authors: Prange Stéphane , Metereau Elise , Maillet Audrey , Lhommée Eugénie , Klinger Hélène , Pelissier Pierre , Ibarrola Danielle , Heckemann Rolf A. , Castrioto Anna , Tremblay Léon , Sgambato Véronique , Broussolle Emmanuel , Krack Paul , Thobois Stéphane 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhether structural alterations underpin apathy and depression in de novo parkinsonian patients is unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether apathy and depression in de novo parkinsonian patients are related to structural alterations and how structural abnormalities relate to serotonergic or dopaminergic dysfunction.MethodsWe compared the morphological and microstructural architecture in gray matter using voxel‐based morphometry and diffusion tensor imaging coupled with white matter tract‐based spatial statistics in a multimodal imaging case‐control study enrolling 14 apathetic and 13 nonapathetic patients with de novo Parkinson's disease and 15 age‐matched healthy controls, paired with PET imaging of the presynaptic dopaminergic and serotonergic systems.ResultsDe novo parkinsonian patients with apathy had bilateral microstructural alterations in the medial corticostriatal limbic system, exhibiting decreased fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity in the anterior striatum and pregenual anterior cingulate cortex in conjunction with serotonergic dysfunction. Furthermore, microstructural alterations extended to the medial frontal cortex, the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and subcallosal gyrus, the medial thalamus, and the caudal midbrain, suggesting disruption of long‐range nondopaminergic projections originating in the brainstem, in addition to microstructural alterations in callosal interhemispheric connections and frontostriatal association tracts early in the disease course. In addition, microstructural abnormalities related to depressive symptoms in apathetic and nonapathetic patients revealed a distinct, mainly right‐sided limbic subnetwork involving limbic and frontal association tracts.ConclusionsEarly limbic microstructural alterations specifically related to apathy and depression emphasize the role of early disruption of ascending nondopaminergic projections and related corticocortical and corticosubcortical networks which underpin the variable expression of nonmotor and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
MultiRBE: Treatment planning for protons with selective radiobiological effectiveness
Authors: Sánchez‐Parcerisa Daniel , López‐Aguirre Miguel , Dolcet Llerena Ana , Udías José Manuel 
Published: July 2019

PurposeClinical treatment planning protocols for protons recommend a uniform value radiobiological effectiveness (RBE) of protons of 1.1 throughout the treatment field, despite evidence from in‐vitro and animal studies that proton RBE increases with linear energy transfer (LET), causing tissues placed distally to the target location to receive a presumably higher biological dose than estimated. While several voices in the medical physics community have advocated for variable RBE‐based optimization, the uncertainties in RBE models have prevented its implementation in clinical practice, since an overestimation of RBE could cause significant target underdosage.MethodsWe propose a mixed RBE model (MultiRBE), where a uniform RBE is used in the target contours to ensure an adequate tumor coverage in terms of physical dose, but a variable RBE is used elsewhere. Our model was implemented in the open‐source treatment planning system matRad and three example cases were planned: a homogeneous phantom, a prostate tumor and a head‐and‐neck case. MultiRBE was used for plan optimization, and the produced plans were subsequently evaluated in terms of physical dose coverage (V95%) and variable RBE‐weighted dose in organs at risk and normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCP), where prediction models were available.ResultsThe planning algorithm showed potential for reducing the biological dose in organs surrounding the planning target and thus decreasing the probability for complications in normal tissue (by up to 62% in the prostate case and 37% in the head‐and‐neck patient). This was achieved without compromising the target coverage or homogeneity in terms of physical dose, as a result of a smarter redistribution of dose among the surrounding tissues with regard to the optimization constraints.ConclusionsThe results prove the ability of the MultiRBE model to reduce biological dose at healthy tissues without compromising the dose coverage of the tumor, with independence of the variable RBE models used.
Is the endorsement of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder symptom criteria ratings influenced by informant assessment, gender, age, and co‐occurring disorders? A measurement invariance study
Authors: Vitoratou Silia , Garcia‐Rosales Alexandra , Banaschewski Tobias , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund , Buitelaar Jan , Oades Robert D. , Rothenberger Aribert , Steinhausen Hans‐Christoph , Taylor Eric , Faraone Stephen V. , Chen Wai 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to ascertain whether the differences of prevalence and severity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are true or whether children are perceived and rated differently by parent and teacher informant assessments (INFAs) according to gender, age, and co‐occurring disorders, even at equal levels of latent ADHD traits.MethodsUse of latent trait models (for binary responses) to evaluate measurement invariance in children with ADHD and their siblings from the International Multicenter ADHD Gene data.ResultsSubstantial measurement noninvariance between parent and teacher INFAs was detected for seven out of nine inattention (IA) and six out of nine hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) items; the correlations between parent and teacher INFAs for six IA and four HI items were not significantly different from zero, which suggests that parent and teacher INFAs are essentially rating different kinds of behaviours expressed in different settings, instead of measurement bias. However, age and gender did not affect substantially the endorsement probability of either IA or HI symptom criteria, regardless of INFA. For co‐occurring disorders, teacher INFA ratings were largely unaffected by co‐morbidity; conversely, parental endorsement of HI symptoms is substantially influenced by co‐occurring oppositional defiant disorder.ConclusionsOur findings suggest general robustness of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ADHD diagnostic items in relation to age and gender. Further research on classroom presentations is needed.
Quantized CP approximation and sparse tensor interpolation of function‐generated data
Authors: Khoromskij Boris N. , Kishore Kumar N. , Schneider Jan 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn this article, we consider the iterative schemes to compute the canonical polyadic (CP) approximation of quantized data generated by a function discretized on a large uniform grid in an interval on the real line. This paper continues the research on the quantics‐tensor train (QTT) method (“O(d log N)‐quantics approximation of N‐d tensors in high‐dimensional numerical modeling” in Constructive Approximation, 2011) developed for the tensor train (TT) approximation of the quantized images of function related data. In the QTT approach, the target vector of length 2L is reshaped to a Lth‐order tensor with two entries in each mode (quantized representation) and then approximated by the QTT tensor including 2r2L parameters, where r is the maximal TT rank. In what follows, we consider the alternating least squares (ALS) iterative scheme to compute the rank‐r CP approximation of the quantized vectors, which requires only 2rL≪2L parameters for storage. In the earlier papers (“Tensors‐structured numerical methods in scientific computing: survey on recent advances” in Chemom Intell Lab Syst, 2012), such a representation was called QCan format, whereas in this paper, we abbreviate it as the QCP (quantized canonical polyadic) representation. We test the ALS algorithm to calculate the QCP approximation on various functions, and in all cases, we observed the exponential error decay in the QCP rank. The main idea for recovering a discretized function in the rank‐r QCP format using the reduced number of the functional samples, calculated only at O(2rL) grid points, is presented. The special version of the ALS scheme for solving the arising minimization problem is described. This approach can be viewed as the sparse QCP‐interpolation method that allows to recover all 2rL representation parameters of the rank‐r QCP tensor. Numerical examples show the efficiency of the QCP‐ALS‐type iteration and indicate the exponential convergence rate in r.
Mentors’ perspectives on the successes and challenges of mentoring in the COG Young Investigator mentorship program: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Esbenshade Adam J. , Kahalley Lisa S. , Baertschiger Reto , Dasgupta Roshni , Goldsmith Kelly C. , Nathan Paul C. , Harker‐Murray Paul , Kitko Carrie L. , Kolb Edward Anders , Murphy Erin S. , Muscal Jodi A. , Pierson Christopher R. , Reed Damon , Schore Reuven , Unguru Yoram , Venkatramani Rajkumar , Wistinghausen Birte , Dhall Girish 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundIdentification and development of young investigators (YI) is critical to the long‐term success of research organizations. In 2004, the Children's Oncology Group (COG) created a mentorship program to foster the career development of YIs (faculty <10 years from initial appointment). This study sought to assess mentors’ long‐term assessment of this program.ProcedureIn 2018, 101 past or current mentors in the COG YI mentorship program completed an online survey. Statistical comparisons were made with the Kruskal‐Walis test.ResultsThe response rate was 74.2%. As some mentors had multiple mentees, we report on 138 total mentee‐mentor pairs. Mentors were 57.4% male, and mentees were 39.1% male. Mentors rated being mentored as a YI as important with a median rating of 90 on a scale of 1‐100, interquartile range (IQR) 80‐100. Most mentors reported that being mentored themselves helped their own success within COG (78.2%) and with their overall career development (92.1%). Most mentors enjoyed serving in the program (72.3%) and the median success rating (on a scale of 1‐100) across the mentor‐mentee pairings was 75, IQR 39‐90. Success ratings did not differ by mentor/mentee gender, but improved with increased frequency of mentor‐mentee interactions (P < .001). Mentor‐mentee pairs who set initial goals reported higher success ratings than those who did not (P < .001). Tangible successes included current mentee COG committee involvement (45.7%), ongoing mentor‐mentee collaboration (53.6%), and co‐authored manuscript publication (38.4%).ConclusionThese data indicate that mentorship is important for successful professional development. Long‐term mentoring success improves when mentors and mentees set goals upfront and meet frequently.
Gas‐emission craters of the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas: A proposed mechanism for lake genesis and development of permafrost landscapes
Authors: Dvornikov Yury A. , Leibman Marina O. , Khomutov Artem V. , Kizyakov Alexander I. , Semenov Petr , Bussmann Ingeborg , Babkin Evgeny M. , Heim Birgit , Portnov Alexey , Babkina Elena A. , Streletskaya Irina D. , Chetverova Antonina A. , Kozachek Anna , Meyer Hanno 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper describes two gas‐emission craters (GECs) in permafrost regions of the Yamal and Gydan peninsulas. We show that in three consecutive years after GEC formation (2014–2017), both morphometry and hydrochemistry of the inner crater lakes can become indistinguishable from other lakes. Craters GEC‐1 and AntGEC, with initial depths of 50–70 and 15–19 m respectively, have transformed into lakes 3–5 m deep. Crater‐like depressions were mapped in the bottom of 13 out of 22 Yamal lakes. However, we found no evidence that these depressions could have been formed as a result of gas emission. Dissolved methane (dCH4) concentration measured in the water collected from these depressions was at a background level (45 ppm on average). Yet, the concentration of dCH4 from the near‐bottom layer of lake GEC‐1 was significantly higher (824–968 ppm) during initial stages. We established that hydrochemical parameters (dissolved organic carbon, major ions, isotopes) measured in GEC lakes approached values measured in other lakes over time. Therefore, these parameters could not be used to search for Western Siberian lakes that potentially resulted from gas emission. Temperature profiles measured in GEC lakes show that the water column temperatures in GEC‐1 are lower than in Yamal lakes and in AntGEC – close to values of Gydan lakes. Given the initial GEC depth > 50 m, we suggest that at least in GEC‐1 possible re‐freezing of sediments from below might take place. However, with the present data we cannot establish the modern thickness of the closed talik under newly formed GEC lakes.
Structural basis for the ORC1‐Cyclin A association
Authors: Wang Boxiao , Song Jikui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProgression of cell cycle is regulated by sequential expression of cyclins, which associate with distinct cyclin kinases to drive the transition between different cell cycle phases. The complex of Cyclin A with cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) controls the DNA replication activity through phosphorylation of a set of chromatin factors, which critically influences the S phase transition. It has been shown that the direct interaction between the Cyclin A‐CDK2 complex and origin recognition complex subunit 1 (ORC1) mediates the localization of ORC1 to centrosomes, where ORC1 inhibits cyclin E‐mediated centrosome reduplication. However, the molecular basis underlying the specific recognition between ORC1 and cyclins remains elusive. Here we report the crystal structure of Cyclin A‐CDK2 complex bound to a peptide derived from ORC1 at 2.54 å resolution. The structure revealed that the ORC1 peptide interacts with a hydrophobic groove, termed cyclin binding groove (CBG), of Cyclin A via a KXL motif. Distinct from other identified CBG‐binding sequences, an arginine residue flanking the KXL motif of ORC1 inserts into a neighboring acidic pocket, contributing to the strong ORC1‐Cyclin A association. Furthermore, structural and sequence analysis of cyclins reveals divergence on the ORC1‐binding sites, which may underpin their differential ORC1‐binding activities. This study provides a structural basis of the specific ORC1‐cyclins recognition, with implication in development of novel inhibitors against the cyclin/CDK complexes.
The aspartimide problem persists: Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl‐solid‐phase peptide synthesis (Fmoc‐SPPS) chain termination due to formation of N‐terminal piperazine‐2,5‐diones
Authors: Samson Daniel , Rentsch Daniel , Minuth Marco , Meier Thomas , Loidl Günther 
Published: July 2019

Aspartimide (Asi) formation is a notorious side reaction in peptide synthesis that is well characterized and described in literature. In this context, we observed significant amounts of chain termination in Fmoc‐SPPS while synthesizing the N‐terminal Xaa‐Asp‐Yaa motif. This termination was caused by the formation of piperazine‐2,5‐diones. We investigated this side reaction using a linear model peptide and independently synthesizing its piperazine‐2,5‐dione derivative. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of the side product present in the crude linear peptide proves that exclusively the six‐membered ring is formed whereas the theoretically conceivable seven‐membered 1,4‐diazepine‐2,5‐dione is not found. We propose a mechanism where nucleophilic attack of the N‐terminal amino function takes place at the α‐carbon of the carbonyl group of the corresponding Asi intermediate.In addition, we systematically investigated the impact of (a) different adjacent amino acid residues, (b) backbone protection, and (c) side chain protection of flanking amino acids. The side reaction is directly related to the Asi intermediate. Hence, hindering or avoiding Asi formation reduces or completely suppresses this side reaction.