bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic dysfunction in severe mental illness: updates on prevalence, aetiology and treatment options
Authors: Needham Nicole , Kamenská Ivana , Meadowcroft Ben , Brown Rachel , Grossi Helen 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
Metabolic dysfunction is an established phenomenon in people with severe mental illness (SMI), and it has a higher prevalence than in the general population. It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and effective recognition and management are essential to enable good psychiatric care. Despite widespread awareness of this disparity for several decades, health outcomes continue to worsen, highlighting the need for more effective preventive and treatment measures. This article outlines the risk factors that contribute to metabolic dysfunction in this population, including genetic, environmental and pharmacological factors, and considers underlying metabolic pathophysiological processes as part of SMI itself. To aid discussions with patients, recognition and interpretation of metabolic risk factors are outlined, together with mitigating strategies. Novel areas of uncertainty are discussed, including the use of a ketogenic diet. This article advocates use of the term ‘metabolic psychiatry’, to increase awareness of the significant overlap between psychiatric illness and metabolic dysfunction.
Diagnosis, prevention and management of delirium: spot it, stop it, treat it
Authors: Yoon Isabel A. , Galarneau David , Winslow Marlie , Park Jacob , Mauricio Adam X. , Reade Michael C. , Teodorczuk Andrew 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY
Delirium frequently occurs among hospital in-patients, with significant attributable healthcare costs. It is associated with long-term adverse outcomes, including an eightfold increased risk of subsequent dementia. The purpose of this article is to inform clinicians of the best practices for spotting, stopping and treating delirium and provide guidance on common challenging clinical dilemmas. For spotting delirium, suggested screening tools are the 4 ‘A's Test (in general medical settings) and the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Prevention is best achieved with multicomponent interventions and targeted strategies focusing on: (a) avoiding iatrogenic causes; (b) brain optimisation by ensuring smooth bodily functioning; (c) maintaining social interactions and normality. Non-pharmacological approaches are the first line for treatment; they largely mirror prevention strategies, but the focus of empirical evidence is on prevention. Although sufficient evidence is lacking for most pharmacological approaches, an antipsychotic at low doses for short durations may be of utility for highly distressing or high-risk situations, particularly in hyperactive delirium, but only as a last resort.
Response to Kuokkanen
Authors: Ellingsen Henrikke Sæthre 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this response to Rauna Kuokkanen’s (2022) critical reading of Henrikke Sæthre Ellingsen’s (2020) master’s thesis on wind power development in Norway, Ellingsen elaborates on what theoretical terms could have been used in the thesis to better elucidate a systematic pattern in Norwegian politics for the Saami population and illuminate the Fosen case to describe how the Norwegian government handles the knowledge provided by the Indigenous South Saami reindeer herders at Fosen when developing wind power in the latter’s essential winter pastures. The use of the term lack of knowledge helps make the Saami knowledge invisible, so instead, Ellingsen argues, several other theoretical perspectives can highlight the power asymmetry between the Saami community and the Norwegian government.
Use of Antibacterial Envelopes in Neuromodulation Surgeries With Implantable Device Insertion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Helen Michaela , Barbosa Lucas Mendes , Zamora Fernanda Valeriano , de Paula Bruna Oliveira , de Paula Guilherme Oliveira , Pilitsis Julie G. , da Costa Pablo Ramon Fruett 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Neuromodulation is an advanced therapeutic intervention for managing various neurological, psychiatric, and functional disorders. However, a significant challenge is the risk of infections at the device implantation site. Previous studies have shown that antibacterial envelopes used in cardiovascular surgeries significantly reduce infection risk. It is postulated that similar benefits could occur in neurosurgeries involving implant insertion, but the literature lacks studies analyzing this efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antibacterial envelopes in reducing infection rates associated with neuromodulation implants.

METHODS:
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases up to August 2024 for clinical trials comparing the use of antibacterial impregnated envelopes in patients undergoing neuromodulation-related implant insertion. This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Statistical analyses were performed using R version 4.3.2. Risk of bias was assessed using the Risk Of Bias In Nonrandomized Studies—of Interventions tool, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment. The study was registered in Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.

RESULTS:
Four studies, comprising 1242 patients, were included, of whom 704 (56.7%) received antibacterial envelopes. The pooled analysis showed that the odds of infection were 77% lower in patients using the antibacterial envelope compared with the control group (odds ratios = 0.23; 95% CI = 0.10-0.51; P < .001; I
2 = 2%).

CONCLUSION:
The use of an antibacterial envelope significantly reduces the odds of infection in patients undergoing neuromodulation-related implant insertion by 77%. These findings underscore the potential of antibacterial envelopes to improve postoperative outcomes.
Efemeryczne ojczyzny. Walka mieszkańców atoli Czagos, Kwajalein, Bikini i Enewetak o odzyskanie ojcowizny
Authors: Sobczyński Marek 
Published: November 2024

Celem artykułu jest analiza komparatystyczna starań podejmowanych przez mieszkańców atoli Czagos (dziś w składzie Brytyjskiego Terytorium Oceanu Indyjskiego) oraz Enewetak (Eniwetok), Bikini i Kwajalein (Republika Wysp Marshalla) z kolonizatorami, najpierw o prawo do zachowania swoich ojczyzn, a następnie walka na drodze prawnej i dyplomatycznej o ich odzyskanie. Ustalono cechy wspólne oraz te, które różnią oba porównywane procesy. Utrata prawa do swoich wysp nastąpiła paradoksalnie w okresie, kiedy inne zniewolone ludy wkraczały na drogę niepodległości i suwerenności ich ziem. Do przeprowadzenia analizy zastosowano metodologię geografii historycznej, politycznej oraz nauk politycznych. U podłoża konfliktu leży zimna wojna i dążenie mocarstw kolonialnych do ustanowienia silnych punktów strategicznych pozostających pod ich militarną kontrolą. Jednym z kluczowych działań na tej drodze była budowa wojskowych baz morsko-lotniczych oraz przekształcanie całych wysp w poligony doświadczalne w procesie testowania coraz bardziej nowoczesnych technik w zakresie broni masowego rażenia. Mocarstwa kolonialne nie respektowały podstawowego prawa człowieka, prawa do posiadania ojczyzny i deportowały mieszkańców tych atoli na inne wyspy (z Kwajalein w 1945 r., z Bikini w 1946 r., z Enewetak w 1947 r. i z Czagos w 1965 r.). Na początku XXI w. przymusowi migranci wezwali mocarstwa do zwrotu swoich ojczyzn w związku z zakończeniem testów broni jądrowej oraz utratą strategicznego znaczenia baz wojskowych. Ponieważ apele nie przyniosły skutku, byli mieszkańcy wstąpili na drogę batalii sądowej, którą najczęściej wygrywają, mając racje moralne po swojej stronie. Stany Zjednoczone na atolach pacyficznych podjęły rokowania z mieszkańcami wysp-poligonów, które częściowo zrekultywowano, i zaproponowały odszkodowania, natomiast Wielka Brytania, pomimo wyroku londyńskiego sądu nakazującego przywrócenie Czagos pierwotnym mieszkańcom, nadal go nie realizowała, aż do 3 października 2024 r.
Wysiłek, efekt i ocenianie ciał. Reprezentacje pracy w Państwowych Gospodarstwach Rolnych
Authors: Maniak Katarzyna 
Published: November 2024

Tekst poświęcony jest zagadnieniu postrzegania pracy robotnic i robotników Państwowych Gospodarstw Rolnych, działających w Polsce od 1949 roku do lat 90-tych. Autorka skupia się na dominującym modelu reprezentacji, ale również na kontrreprezentacjach tworzonych oddolnie przez członków społeczności popegeerowskich. Szukając źródeł i manifestacji wyobrażeń o PGR-ach kieruje się w stronę świadectw autobiograficznych oraz filmów reportażowych. Choć analizowane materiały pochodzą z różnych rejestrów to charakteryzuje je tematyczna zbieżność – skupienie na kwestiach zaprzeczenia i uznania wysiłku pracy.
W wyobrażeniach na temat pracy w PGR istotną rolę odgrywają wzory dotyczące relacji folwarcznych, natomiast wartościowania pracy podejmowanej w rolnictwie sprzężone są ze stanem własności środka produkcji – ziemi. W opisie reprezentacji pracy w PGR-ach użyteczna okazuje się jednak również dialektyka pojęć: wysiłek i jego rezultaty, która stanowi ważny element oceniania pracujących ciał. W proponowanych ujęciu wyobrażenia na temat pracy stają się narzędziem służącym do reprodukowania dystynkcji społecznych.
Efficiently Constructing Convex Approximation Sets in Multiobjective Optimization Problems
Authors: Helfrich Stephan , Ruzika Stefan , Thielen Clemens 
Published: November 2024

Convex approximation sets for multiobjective optimization problems are a well-studied relaxation of the common notion of approximation sets. Instead of approximating each image of a feasible solution by the image of some solution in the approximation set up to a multiplicative factor in each component, a convex approximation set only requires this multiplicative approximation to be achieved by some convex combination of finitely many images of solutions in the set. This makes convex approximation sets efficiently computable for a wide range of multiobjective problems: even for many problems for which (classic) approximations sets are hard to compute. In this article, we propose a polynomial-time algorithm to compute convex approximation sets that builds on an exact or approximate algorithm for the weighted sum scalarization and is therefore applicable to a large variety of multiobjective optimization problems. The provided convex approximation quality is arbitrarily close to the approximation quality of the underlying algorithm for the weighted sum scalarization. In essence, our algorithm can be interpreted as an approximate version of the dual variant of Benson’s outer approximation algorithm. Thus, in contrast to existing convex approximation algorithms from the literature, information on solutions obtained during the approximation process is utilized to significantly reduce both the practical running time and the cardinality of the returned solution sets while still guaranteeing the same worst-case approximation quality. We underpin these advantages by the first comparison of all existing convex approximation algorithms on several instances of the triobjective knapsack problem and the triobjective symmetric metric traveling salesman problem. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms–Discrete. Funding: This research was supported by the German Research Foundation [Project 398572517]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0220 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0220 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
The Economics of Capital Allocation in Firms: Evidence from Internal Capital Markets
Authors: Hoang Daniel , Gatzer Sebastian , Ruckes Martin 
Published: November 2024

We analyze a unique chief financial officer (CFO) survey data set to examine capital allocation in firms. Top management is aware of agency and information problems at the divisional level and organizes the budgeting process to counteract managerial opportunism, employing systems of interconnected measures, including layers of approval, divisional budgets, reporting requirements, and compensation schemes. When making funding decisions, top management relies heavily on top-level nonfinancial information, such as the assessment of divisional managers’ abilities. However, substantial parts of the capital budget do not require top management approval as firms trade off the benefits and costs of decentralization, thereby deviating from the traditional paradigm of decentralized project initiation but centralized project approval. Even firms with active internal capital markets tilt capital allocation toward relatively even distributions, reflecting the use of capital allocation as a credible communication device. We also find that within-firm agency problems may result in capital rationing, that is, divisions’ restricted access to internal capital. CFOs also believe that integrating multiple businesses into an internal capital market results in tangible financial benefits, predominantly lower costs of capital and higher debt capacities. Thus, our findings also support coinsurance arguments suggesting that internal capital markets may improve access to external financing. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the BBBank Karlsruhe, Wissenschaftsförderung der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe, and Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (Karlsruhe House of Young Scientists). Publishing fees were supported by the “Funding Programme Open Access Publishing” of the University of Hohenheim. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2021.02755 .
Robust Workforce Management with Crowdsourced Delivery
Authors: Cheng Chun , Sim Melvyn , Zhao Yue 
Published: November 2024

Revolutionize Workforce Management of Crowdsourced Delivery Platforms The surge in online shopping is driving e-retailers to revamp their logistics for efficient, cost-effective deliveries. Many are embracing crowdsourced delivery, where independent couriers use personal vehicles for swift shipments. Major players like Amazon and Walmart have pioneered this shift in delivery methods. To tackle uncertainties in this model, platforms are blending ad hoc couriers with prehired couriers. This hybrid approach ensures reliability in customer service while managing costs effectively. However, balancing this mix poses challenges, as future demands are still being determined. This study proposes a robust satisficing framework to optimize workforce management in delivery platforms. This innovative method aims to enhance cost-effectiveness and service quality by addressing uncertainties in ad hoc couriers’ availability and behavior. It offers a strategic tool for platforms to navigate workforce resources efficiently amidst fluctuating demands and cost constraints.
Reconstruction after proximal ulnar resection
Authors: Prajapati Ashwin , Thakur Rudra P. S. , Gulia Ashish , Puri Ajay 
Published: November 2024

AimsReconstruction after osteoarticular resection of the proximal ulna for tumours is technically difficult and little has been written about the options that are available. We report a series of four patients who underwent radial neck to humeral trochlea transposition arthroplasty following proximal ulnar osteoarticular resection.MethodsBetween July 2020 and July 2022, four patients with primary bone tumours of the ulna underwent radial neck to humeral trochlea transposition arthroplasty. Their mean age was 28 years (12 to 41). The functional outcome was assessed using the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow, rotation of the forearm and stability of the elbow, the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score (MSTS), and the nine-item abbreviated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (QuickDASH-9) score.ResultsAll patients were available for follow-up at a mean of 33 months (25 to 43) and were disease-free. The mean flexion arc was 0° to 105°. Three patients had complications. One had neuropraxia of the ulnar nerve. The symptoms resolved after three months. In one patient, the screw used for fixation of the triceps tendon became exposed and was removed, six months postoperatively. One patient with wound dehiscence required a local flap for soft-tissue cover, four months postoperatively. At a mean follow-up of 33 months (25 to 43), the mean flexion arc was 0° to 105°. All patients had full supination (85°) but none had any pronation. The mean MSTS score was 23.5 (23 to 24) and mean QuickDASH-9 score was 26.13 (16.5 to 35.75). Three patients had varus-valgus instability on examination, although only one had a sense of instability while working.ConclusionRadial neck to humeral trochlea transposition offers a satisfactory and cost-effective biological reconstructive option after osteoarticular resection of the proximal ulna, in the short term. It provides good elbow function and, being a biological reconstruction option using native bone, is likely to provide long-term stability and durability.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(11):1301–1305.
Bridging the gap: enhancing orthopaedic outcomes through qualitative research integration
Authors: Mew Louise E. , Heaslip Vanessa , Immins Tikki , Ramasamy Arul , Wainwright Thomas W. 
Published: November 2024

AimsThe evidence base within trauma and orthopaedics has traditionally favoured quantitative research methodologies. Qualitative research can provide unique insights which illuminate patient experiences and perceptions of care. Qualitative methods reveal the subjective narratives of patients that are not captured by quantitative data, providing a more comprehensive understanding of patient-centred care. The aim of this study is to quantify the level of qualitative research within the orthopaedic literature.MethodsA bibliometric search of journals’ online archives and multiple databases was undertaken in March 2024, to identify articles using qualitative research methods in the top 12 trauma and orthopaedic journals based on the 2023 impact factor and SCImago rating. The bibliometric search was conducted and reported in accordance with the preliminary guideline for reporting bibliometric reviews of the biomedical literature (BIBLIO).ResultsOf the 7,201 papers reviewed, 136 included qualitative methods (0.1%). There was no significant difference between the journals, apart from Bone & Joint Open, which included 21 studies using qualitative methods, equalling 4% of its published articles.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that there is a very low number of qualitative research papers published within trauma and orthopaedic journals. Given the increasing focus on patient outcomes and improving the patient experience, it may be argued that there is a requirement to support both quantitative and qualitative approaches to orthopaedic research. Combining qualitative and quantitative methods may effectively address the complex and personal aspects of patients’ care, ensuring that outcomes align with patient values and enhance overall care quality.
Switchable anisotropic diffraction mode filter based on fork-like liquid crystal gratings
Authors: Gasparyan P. K. , Margaryan H. L. , Abrahamyan V. K. , Sargsyan T. K. , Hakobyan N. H. 
Published: November 2024

The interaction of liquid crystal (LC) fork-like gratings (FLGs) with a Laguerre–Gaussian beam of the TEM00 mode is described. It is experimentally shown that when the direction of the light polarization vector differs from the direction of the LC eigenvectors, the medium behaves as an FLG with a controlled modulation depth, and in the opposite case, it is isotropic and homogeneous. Distributions of the intensities of the longitudinal section of the beam in the infinitely far field are given depending on the FLG rotation angle in the plane perpendicular to the direction of beam propagation. It is shown that the LC FLG functions as a switchable anisotropic diffraction mode filter.
100  Gb/s/λ polarization multiplexing PON downlink based on simplified heterodyne coherent reception
Authors: Izquierdo David , Barrio Miguel , Sevillano Pascual , Altabas Jose A. , Garces Ignacio 
Published: November 2024

In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a 100Gb/s/λ downstream transmission link for coherent passive optical networks (PONs) up to 50 km, achieving an optical power budget of 29 dB through polarization multiplexing (PolMux) of two 50 Gb/s channels using multiband carrierless amplitude phase modulation (multiCAP) and optical single side band (OSSB) modulation. Additionally, we introduce a separate PolMux 50 Gb/s link that presents an optical power budget of 38.7 dB. Both links have been achieved using a simplified polarization-demultiplexing heterodyne coherent receiver. The robustness of the system is experimentally evaluated by analyzing its response to various input states of polarization. The transmission has been accomplished using 10 GHz electrical bandwidth devices at both the transmission and receiving ends, thereby paving the way for low-cost 100G links suitable for applications such as PONs.
Effects of pain neuroscience education combined with neuromuscular exercises on pain, functional disability and psychological factors in chronic low back pain: A study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alvani Ehsan , Sheikhi Bahram , Letafatkar Amir , Rossettini Giacomo 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a prevalent health condition worldwide. Several therapeutic interventions aim to improve CLBP. Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE) helps patients better understand their pain from biological and physiological perspectives, which clinicians use to reduce pain and disability in patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Neuromuscular exercises (NMS) are also treatments adopted in CLBP. This study will investigate whether PNE combined with an NMS program improves pain, functional and psychological outcomes more than NMS alone in patients with CLBP.

Methods
In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, 60 patients (male and female; age range, 30–60 years) diagnosed with CLBP will be randomly assigned to one of the following groups: (1) PNE plus NMS (n = 30; 24 sessions of PNE plus NMS in a total of 8 weeks, 3 each week), and (2) NMS alone (n = 30; 24 sessions of NMS sessions in a total of 8 weeks, 3 each week). Outcome assessors will be blinded to the group allocation. The primary outcome will be pain. Secondary outcomes will be disability, fear-avoidance beliefs about work and physical activity, self-efficacy, exercise anxiety, and kinesiophobia. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, after 8 weeks of intervention, and 6 months post-intervention.

Discussion
The findings of this RCT will help shed light on new treatment strategies to address the biopsychosocial dimensions of CLBP. The study protocol will be conducted in a clinical setting, offering the opportunity for future implementation in healthcare systems. Moreover, it will help clarify whether a combined treatment (PNE with NMS) is more effective than NMS alone for improving pain, functional and psychological outcomes in CLBP.

Trial registration
Study registration: The study was prospectively registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials—IRCT20190427043384N2 (https://www.irct.ir/trial/69146). Registered on March 17, 2023.