bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomarkers of ovarian reserve in childhood and adolescence: A systematic review
Authors: Bhide Priya , Pundir Jyotsna , Homburg Roy , Acharya Ganesh 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionCertain medical disorders as well as their management may affect gonadal function. Recent advances in the management of these conditions accompanied by the availability and success of methods of fertility preservation has highlighted the need for assessment of ovarian reserve in childhood and adolescence. Serum anti‐Mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count are well established markers of ovarian reserve and serum inhibin has also been used. However, literature on reference ranges for ovarian reserve markers in this age‐group is relatively scarce. Thus, our aim was to evaluate published data to estimate reference values of ovarian reserve makers in childhood and adolescence.Material and methodsWe performed a systematic review of the literature reporting ovarian reserve markers in childhood and adolescence. We included only those studies examining markers of ovarian reserve in the normal healthy population between the ages of 0 and 19 years. PROSPERO registration: CRD42018119064.ResultsSerum AMH emerged as the most common biomarker assessed. Serum AMH was detectable at birth and, after a transient increase in infancy, increased steadily in childhood. Following a slight decrease at puberty, levels were constant throughout adolescence with a peak in adolescence or early adulthood. The mean serum AMH values during infancy, childhood and adolescence were 10.55, 22.32 and 31.84 pmol/L, respectively. The corresponding median values were 9.85, 24.49 and 26.32 pmol/L. It was not possible to construct age‐specific reference intervals because of methodological heterogeneity, variations in the assay used to measure AMH and differing interval width for age used in included studies. Serum inhibin showed an increase from childhood to adolescence, with median serum inhibin values of 53.86 pg/mL in adolescence. Antral follicle count showed a significant positive correlation with serum AMH and a median value of 30.52 in adolescence.ConclusionsWe summarize the trends and levels of biomarkers of ovarian reserve from birth until young adulthood. Peak levels of serum AMH are reported in adolescence or early adulthood. We have reported median/mean values for serum AMH in different age‐groups based on data pooled from several studies, which may be used as a reference when evaluating ovarian reserve in childhood and adolescence especially when considering fertility preservation.
Impact of recycling and lateral sediment input on grain size fining trends—Implications for reconstructing tectonic and climate forcings in ancient sedimentary systems
Authors: Harries Rebekah M. , Kirstein Linda A. , Whittaker Alex C. , Attal Mikael , Main Ian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGrain size trends in basin stratigraphy are thought to preserve a rich record of the climatic and tectonic controls on landscape evolution. Stratigraphic models assume that over geological timescales, the downstream profile of sediment deposition is in dynamic equilibrium with the spatial distribution of tectonic subsidence in the basin, sea level and the flux and calibre of sediment supplied from mountain catchments. Here, we demonstrate that this approach in modelling stratigraphic responses to environmental change is missing a key ingredient: the dynamic geomorphology of the sediment routing system. For three large alluvial fans in the Iglesia basin, Argentine Andes we measured the grain size of modern river sediment from fan apex to toe and characterise the spatial distribution of differential subsidence for each fan by constructing a 3D model of basin stratigraphy from seismic data. We find, using a self‐similar grain size fining model, that the profile of grain size fining on all three fans cannot be reproduced given the subsidence profile measured and for any sediment supply scenario. However, by adapting the self‐similar model, we demonstrate that the grain size trends on each fan can be effectively reproduced when sediment is not only sourced from a single catchment at the apex of the system, but also laterally, from tributary catchments and through fan surface recycling. Without constraint on the dynamic geomorphology of these large alluvial systems, signals of tectonic and climate forcing in grain size data are masked and would be indecipherable in the geological record. This has significant implications for our ability to make sensitive, quantitative reconstructions of external boundary conditions from the sedimentary record.
FASTC: a file format for multi‐character sequence data
Authors: Wheeler Ward C. , Washburn Alexander J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHere, we define a sequence file format that allows for multi‐character elements (FASTC). The format is derived from the FASTA format and the custom alphabet format of POY4/5. The format is more general than either of these formats and can represent a broad variety of sequence‐type data. This format should be useful for analyses involving datasets encoded as linear streams such as gene synteny, comparative linguistics, temporal gene expression and development, complex animal behaviours, and general biological time‐series data.
Military training areas facilitate the recolonization of wolves in Germany
Authors: Reinhardt Ilka , Kluth Gesa , Nowak Carsten , Szentiks Claudia A. , Krone Oliver , Ansorge Hermann , Mueller Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWolves (Canis lupus) are currently showing a remarkable comeback in the highly fragmented cultural landscapes of Germany. We here show that wolf numbers increased exponentially between 2000 and 2015 with an annual increase of about 36%. We demonstrate that the first territories in each newly colonized region were established over long distances from the nearest known reproducing pack on active military training areas (MTAs). We show that MTAs, rather than protected areas, served as stepping‐stones for the recolonization of Germany facilitating subsequent spreading of wolf territories in the surrounding landscape. We did not find any significant difference between MTAs and protected areas with regard to habitat. One possible reason for the importance of MTAs may be their lower anthropogenic mortality rates compared to protected and other areas. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case where MTAs facilitate the recolonization of an endangered species across large areas.
Organizational discretion, board control, and shareholder wealth: A contingency perspective
Authors: Ponomareva Yuliya , Shen Wei , Umans Timurs 
Published: February 2019

AbstractResearch Question/IssueHow does organizational context influence the impact of board control over managerial decisions on shareholder wealth?Research Findings/InsightsWe introduce a new theoretical concept—organizational discretion—to characterize the upper limit of managers' latitude of actions presented by their organizational context and propose that it moderates the impact of board control on shareholder wealth. Specifically, we first argue that strategic control by boards over managerial decisions reduces managers' latitude of actions and leads to trade‐offs between the containment of managerial opportunism and the pursuit of strategic opportunities, which consequently influence the relationship between strategic control and shareholder wealth. We then suggest that the trade‐offs incurred by strategic control over managerial decisions are more prominent in firms with high organizational discretion. Because of the trade‐offs, we propose that boards are likely to decide whether to rely more on strategic control or financial control in internal corporate governance based on their firms' level of organizational discretion.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsBy introducing the concept of organizational discretion and highlighting the trade‐offs caused by boards' strategic control over managerial decisions, we advance a contingency perspective to enhance the understanding about the impact of board control on shareholder wealth. It also bridges the strategic management and corporate governance research on managerial discretion that has largely evolved separately in the literature.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsBoards should attend to the trade‐offs between the containment of managerial opportunism and the pursuit of strategic opportunities when exercising strategic control over managerial decisions. Moreover, considering the trade‐offs involved, boards should carefully design and implement internal corporate governance mechanisms based on their firms' level of organizational discretion.
Relative contribution of basal and postprandial hyperglycaemia stratified by HbA1c categories before and after treatment intensification with dulaglutide
Authors: Umpierrez Guillermo , Pantalone Kevin M. , Atisso Charles M. , Landó Laura Fernández , Patel Hiren 
Published: February 2019

AimTo assess the effect of dulaglutide on the relative contribution of basal hyperglycaemia (BHG) and postprandial hyperglycaemia (PPHG) to overall hyperglycaemia across HbA1c categories in patients with type 2 diabetes.MethodsData from five phase 3 studies (N = 673) were pooled to assess the change in relative contributions of BHG and PPHG to overall hyperglycaemia across different HbA1c categories after 6 months of treatment intensification with dulaglutide 1.5 mg as monotherapy or with 1 or 2 oral medication(s) in patients with type 2 diabetes. BHG and PPHG were calculated using the area under the curve (AUC) of 7‐point self‐monitored plasma glucose concentration profiles. As a secondary objective, relative contribution of BHG and PPHG for dulaglutide versus liraglutide, exenatide BID and insulin glargine was assessed by individual studies at 6 months.ResultsIn pooled data, after 6 months of treatment intensification with dulaglutide 1.5 mg, there was a significant reduction from baseline in overall hyperglycaemia (AUCoverall) [(mean ± SE) ‐466.31 ± 18.32 mg*h/dL (P < 0.001)], BHG (AUCbasal) [(mean ± SE) ‐371.46 ± 16.36 mg*h/dL (P < 0.001)] and PPHG (AUCpostprandial) [(mean ± SE) ‐94.84 ± 7.97 mg*h/dL (P < 0.001)]. At baseline, relative contributions of BHG increased and PPHG decreased with increasing HbA1c levels. This pattern was maintained at 6 months, even as overall glycaemia improved with decreasing HbA1c values.ConclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, dulaglutide reduces HbA1c by lowering both basal and postprandial hyperglycaemia across various HbA1c levels.
Access to health care after dental trauma in children: A quantitative and qualitative evaluation
Authors: Kayıllıoğlu Zencircioğlu Özlem , Eden Ece , Öcek Zeliha Aslı 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground/AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the accessibility of proper and on‐time treatment after dental trauma in children and to explore the affecting factors via parents’ and health professionals’ perspectives. The study is important to understand how to improve access to dental treatment after trauma.Materials and MethodThe method included quantitative and qualitative parts. For the quantitative method, parents of dental trauma patients who applied to Ege University, Department of Pedodontics during January 2015‐June 2016 were the target group. One hundred and forty parents answered the questionnaire on trauma experiences. The participation rate was 62.78%. Questions covered variables such as first admitted health institution, time to go there, access to diagnostics, treatment methods, referral from institution, and sociodemographic characteristics of the family. On‐time and proper treatment access was defined using an algorithm for treatment priority of the case, total time to reach treatment, and the correct intervention. For the qualitative method, ten parents and thirty health professionals were interviewed in‐depth using a semi‐structured question guide. Thematic analysis was applied to the interview texts.ResultsThe percentage of patients who accessed on‐time and proper treatment was 19.29%. Logistic regression analysis showed that admission to the university clinic first increased the access to treatment by 14.135 times. For the qualitative evaluation, treatment access was summarized into three main themes: (a) physical accessibility of dental health services, (b) a quality dental health service as an outcome, and (c) communication among parties.ConclusionThe level of accessing proper and on‐time treatment was quite inadequate. It is suggested that distribution of dental care centers should be increased and dental centers where competent dentists work should be established. Performance‐based payment should be reorganized and cooperation between medical and dental institutions should be encouraged.
Does fMRI repetition suppression reveal mirror neuron activity in the human brain? Insights from univariate and multivariate analysis
Authors: Fuelscher Ian , Caeyenberghs Karen , Enticott Peter Gregory , Kirkovski Melissa , Farquharson Shawna , Lum Jarrad , Hyde Christian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMirror neurons (MN) have been proposed as the neural substrate for a wide range of clinical, social and cognitive phenomena. Over the last decade, a commonly used tool for investigating MN activity in the human brain has been functional magnetic resonance (fMRI) repetition suppression (RS) paradigms. However, the available evidence is mixed, largely owing to inconsistent application of the methodological criteria necessary to infer MN properties. This raises concerns about the degree to which one can infer the presence (or absence) of MN activity from earlier accounts that adopted RS paradigms. We aimed to clarify this issue using a well‐validated fMRI RS paradigm and tested for mirror properties by rigorously applying the widely accepted criteria necessary to demonstrate MN activity using traditional univariate techniques and Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA). While univariate whole brain analysis in healthy adults showed uni‐modal RS effects within the supplementary motor area, no evidence for cross‐modal RS effects consistent with mirror neuron activity was found. MVPA on the other hand revealed a region along the anterior intraparietal sulcus that met the criteria for MN activity. Taken together, these results clarify disparate evidence from earlier RS studies, highlighting that traditional univariate analysis of RS data may not be sensitive for detecting MN activity when rigorously applying the requisite criteria. In light of these findings, we recommend that short of increasing sample sizes substantially, future studies using RS paradigms to investigate MNs across the human brain consider the use of MVPA.
Give them credit‐the greenhouse gas performance of regional biogas systems
Authors: O'Keeffe Sinéad , Franko Uwe , Oehmichen Katja , Daniel‐Gromke Jaqueline , Thrän Daniela 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAnaerobic digestion to produce biogas is an important decentralised renewable energy technology. Production varies extensively between different countries and within countries, as biogas production is heavily dependent on local and regional feedstocks. In Germany, distinct regional differences can be observed. Therefore, understanding the kinds of biogas systems operating within a region is crucial to determine their greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential and carbon neutrality. This is the first study to conduct an integrated life cycle assessment of biogas configurations in the landscape (biogas plants and their biomass catchments) for an entire region. RELCA a ‘REgional Life Cycle inventory Assessment’ approach was used to model the GHG mitigation potential of 425 biogas plants in the region of Central Germany (CG), aggregated to nine biogas clusters, based on feedstock mix (e.g. animal manures and energy crops) and installed capacity. GHG emission profiles were generated to compare and to identify the role of GHG credits and size of installed capacity on the mitigation performance of the regional biogas clusters. We found that smaller scaled slurry dominant clusters had significantly better GHG mitigation performance (−0.1 to −0.2 kg CO2eq kWhel−1), than larger energy crop dominant (ECdom) clusters (0.04–0.16 kg CO2eq kWhel−1), due to lower cultivation emissions and larger credits for avoided slurry storage. Thus, for the CG region larger ECdom clusters should be targeted first, to support GHG mitigation improvements to the overall future electricity supplied by the regional biogas systems. With the addition of GHG credits, the CG region is producing biogas with GHG savings (−0.15 kg CO2eq kWhel−1, interquartile range: 0.095 kg CO2eq kWhel−1). This infers that biogas production, as a waste management strategy for animal manures, could have important ramifications for future policy setting and national inventory accounting.
Exome‐wide association of deltamethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti from Mexico
Authors: Saavedra‐Rodriguez K. , Campbell C. L. , Lenhart A. , Penilla P. , Lozano‐Fuentes S. , Black W. C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAedes aegypti is the major vector of a number of arboviruses that cause disease in humans. Without vaccines or pharmaceuticals, pyrethroid insecticides remain the major tool for public health protection. Pyrethroid resistance is now widespread. Replacement substitutions in the voltage‐gated sodium channel (vgsc) that reduce the stability of pyrethroid binding account for most of the resistance, but metabolic mechanisms also inactivate pyrethroids. High‐throughput sequencing and the A. aegypti L5 annotated physical map has allowed interrogation of the exome for genes and single‐nucleotide polymorphisms associated with pyrethroid resistance. We exposed females of A. aegypti from Mexico to a deltamethrin discriminating dose to designate them as resistant (active after 1 h) or susceptible (knocked down with no recovery after 4 h). The vgsc on chromosome 3 had the highest association, followed by genes proximal to vgsc. We identified potential detoxification genes located singly (eg HPX8C) or within clusters in chromosome 2 [three esterase clusters, two of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP)] and chromosome 3 (one cluster of 16 CYP325 and seven CYP9 genes). Deltamethrin resistance in A. aegypti is associated with mutations in the vgsc gene and a large assortment of genes.
La Grippe or Russian influenza: Mortality statistics during the 1890 Epidemic in Indiana
Authors: Ewing E. Thomas 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundThe Russian influenza, which began in late 1889, has long been recognized as a major global epidemic yet available statistical evidence for morbidity and mortality has not been fully examined using historical and epidemiological tools. This study of cases and deaths in Indiana during the extended time period associated with the Russian influenza is the first scholarly effort to determine the number of victims from this influenza outbreak across a broad regional case study in the US.MethodsThe sources for this study include historical records from the US Census, Annual Reports from the Indiana State Board of Health, and death notices published in newspapers. The available evidence is analyzed using historical and epidemiological methods to determine the consistency of reporting categories, the accuracy of death records, and the applicability of contemporary categories for measuring mortality.ResultsIn the 3 years during and following the outbreak of “Russian influenza” in January 1890 in the state of Indiana, approximately 3200 died specifically of this disease while a total of 11 700 died of influenza and other respiratory diseases. These results confirm that extremely widespread influenza contributed to higher than normal death rates by causing additional deaths in related categories, especially pneumonia and other respiratory diseases.ConclusionsMore reliable and thorough analysis of morbidity and mortality during the Russian influenza based on systematic and critical review of local, regional, and national statistics can inform contemporary understanding of the long‐term history of influenza epidemics.
Identification of dysregulation of atrial proteins in rats with chronic obstructive apnea using two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry
Authors: Lux Jacob C. , Channaveerappa Devika , Aslebagh Roshanak , Heintz Timothy A. , McLerie Meredith , Panama Brian K. , Darie Costel C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects an estimated 20% of adults worldwide and has been associated with electrical and structural abnormalities of the atria, although the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we used two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE) coupled with nanoliquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC‐MS/MS) to investigate the proteins that are dysregulated in the atria from severe and moderate apnea when compared to control. We found enzymes involved in the glycolysis, beta‐oxidation, electron transport chain and Krebs cycle to be down‐regulated. The data suggested that the dysregulated proteins may play a role in atrial pathology developing via chronic obstructive apnea and hypoxia. Our results are consistent with our previous 1D‐PAGE and nanoLC‐MS/MS study (Channaveerappa et al, J Cell Mol Med. 2017), where we found that some aerobic and anaerobic glycolytic and Krebs cycle enzymes were down‐regulated, suggesting that apnea may be a result of paucity of oxygen and production of ATP and reducing equivalents (NADH). The 2D‐PAGE study not only complements our current study, but also advances our understanding of the OSA. The complete mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD011181.
Treatment of intrabony periodontal defects using rhFGF‐2 in combination with deproteinized bovine bone mineral or rhFGF‐2 alone: A 6‐month randomized controlled trial
Authors: Saito Atsushi , Bizenjima Takahiro , Takeuchi Takahiro , Suzuki Eiichi , Sato Masahiro , Yoshikawa Kouki , Kitamura Yurie , Matsugami Daisuke , Aoki Hideto , Kita Daichi , Imamura Kentaro , Irokawa Daisuke , Seshima Fumi , Tomita Sachiyo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimTo evaluate the use of recombinant human fibroblast growth factor (rhFGF)‐2 in combination with deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) compared with rhFGF‐2 alone, in the treatment of intrabony periodontal defects.Materials and MethodsPatients with periodontitis who had received initial periodontal therapy and had intrabony defects of ≥ 3 mm in depth were enrolled. Sites were randomly assigned to receive a commercial formulation of 0.3% rhFGF‐2 + DBBM (test) or rhFGF‐2 alone (control). Clinical parameters and a patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) were evaluated at baseline and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively.ResultsTwenty‐two sites in each group were evaluated. A significant improvement in clinical attachment level (CAL) from baseline was observed in both groups at 6 months postoperatively. CAL gain was 3.16 ± 1.45 mm in the test group and 2.77 ± 1.15 mm in the control group, showing no significant difference between groups. Radiographic bone fill was significantly greater in the test group (47.2%) than in the control group (29.3%). No significant difference in PROM between groups was observed.ConclusionsAt 6 months, no significant difference in CAL gain or PROM between the two treatments was observed, although combination therapy yielded an enhanced radiographic outcome.