bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refrigeration, cryopreservation and pathogen inactivation: an updated perspective on platelet storage conditions
Authors: Waters L. , Cameron M. , Padula M. P. , Marks D. C. , Johnson L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractConventional storage of platelet concentrates limits their shelf life to between 5 and 7 days due to the risk of bacterial proliferation and the development of the platelet storage lesion. Cold storage and cryopreservation of platelets may facilitate extension of the shelf life to weeks and years, and may also provide the benefit of being more haemostatically effective than conventionally stored platelets. Further, treatment of platelet concentrates with pathogen inactivation systems reduces bacterial contamination and provides a safeguard against the risk of emerging and re‐emerging pathogens. While each of these alternative storage techniques is gaining traction individually, little work has been done to examine the effect of combining treatments in an effort to further improve product safety and minimize wastage. This review aims to discuss the benefits of alternative storage techniques and how they may be combined to alleviate the problems associated with conventional platelet storage.
Complexity of the Relationships of Pain, Posttraumatic Stress, and Depression in Combat‐Injured Populations: An Integrative Review to Inform Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Giordano Nicholas A. , Bader Christine , Richmond Therese S. , Polomano Rosemary C. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTBackgroundUnderstanding the complex interrelationships between combat injuries, physical health, and mental health symptoms is critical to addressing the healthcare needs of wounded military personnel and veterans. The relationship between injury characteristics, pain, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression among combat‐injured military personnel is unique to modern conflicts and understudied in the nursing literature.AimThis integrative review synthesizes clinical presentations and relationships of combat injury, PTSD, depression, and pain in Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) United States military service members and veterans.MethodsA literature search was conducted using relative key terms across databases to identify peer‐reviewed publications between 2001 and 2016 that examined health outcomes of combat‐injured persons in OEF and OIF. The quality of evidence was evaluated and results synthesized to examine the association of combat injury as a risk factor for PTSD, the relationship of PTSD and depression pre‐ and postinjury, and pain management throughout care.ResultsTwenty‐two articles were included in this review. Greater injury and pain severity poses risks for developing PTSD following combat injury, while early symptom management lessens risks for PTSD. Depression appears to be both a contributing risk factor to postinjury PTSD, as well as a comorbidity.Linking Evidence to ActionFindings demonstrate a compelling need for improvements in standardized assessment of pain and mental health symptoms across transitions in care. This integrative review informs nurse researchers and providers of the clinical characteristics of pain, PTSD, and depression following combat injury and offers implications for future research promoting optimal surveillance of symptoms.
Optimization and Evaluation of Piperacillin-Tobramycin Combination Dosage Regimens against Pseudomonas aeruginosa for Patients with Altered Pharmacokinetics via the Hollow-Fiber Infection Model and Mechanism-Based Modeling
Authors: Yadav Rajbharan , Rogers Kate E. , Bergen Phillip J. , Bulitta Jürgen B. , Kirkpatrick Carl M. J. , Wallis Steven C. , Paterson David L. , Nation Roger L. , Lipman Jeffrey , Roberts Jason A. , Landersdorfer Cornelia B. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) in critically ill patients can result in suboptimal drug exposures and treatment failure. Combination dosage regimens accounting for ARC have never been optimized and evaluated against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
by use of the hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM). Using a
P. aeruginosa
isolate from a critically ill patient and static-concentration time-kill experiments (SCTKs), we studied clinically relevant piperacillin and tobramycin concentrations, alone and in combinations, against two inocula (10
5.8
and 10
7.6
CFU/ml) over 72 h. We subsequently evaluated the effects of optimized piperacillin (4 g every 4 h [q4h], given as 0.5-h infusions) plus tobramycin (5 mg/kg of body weight q24h, 7 mg/kg q24h, or 10 mg/kg q48h, given as 0.5-h infusions) regimens on killing and regrowth in the HFIM, simulating a creatinine clearance of 250 ml/min. Mechanism-based modeling was performed in S-ADAPT. In SCTKs, piperacillin plus tobramycin (except combinations with 8 mg/liter tobramycin and against the low inoculum) achieved synergistic killing (≥2 log
10
versus the most active monotherapy at 48 h and 72 h) and prevented regrowth. Piperacillin monotherapy (4 g q4h) in the HFIM provided 2.4-log
10
initial killing followed by regrowth at 24 h and resistance emergence. Tobramycin monotherapies displayed rapid initial killing (≥5 log
10
at 13 h) followed by extensive regrowth. As predicted by mechanism-based modeling, the piperacillin plus tobramycin dosage regimens were synergistic and provided ≥5-log
10
killing with resistance suppression over 8 days in the HFIM. Optimized piperacillin-tobramycin regimens provided significant bacterial killing and suppressed resistance emergence. These regimens appear to be highly promising for effective and early treatment, even in the near-worst-case scenario of ARC.
Elevated Plasma Moxifloxacin Concentrations and
SLCO1B1
g.−11187G>A Polymorphism in Adults with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Weiner Marc , Gelfond Jon , Johnson-Pais Teresa L. , Engle Melissa , Peloquin Charles A. , Johnson John L. , Sizemore Erin E. , Mac Kenzie William R. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Moxifloxacin exhibits concentration-dependent prolongation of human QTc intervals and bactericidal activity against
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. However, moxifloxacin plasma concentrations are variable between patients. We evaluated whether human gene polymorphisms affect moxifloxacin plasma concentrations in tuberculosis patients from two geographic regions. We enrolled a convenience sample of 49 adults with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis from Africa and the United States enrolled in two treatment trials of moxifloxacin as part of multidrug therapy. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by noncompartmental techniques. Human single-nucleotide polymorphisms of transporter genes were evaluated by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on moxifloxacin exposure and the peak (maximum) concentration (
C
max
). The moxifloxacin area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h (AUC
0–24
) and
C
max
were significantly increased by the drug milligram-per-kilogram dosage and the genotype of variant g.−11187G>A in the
SLCO1B1
gene (rs4149015) but not by geographic region. The median moxifloxacin AUC
0–24
was 46% higher and the median
C
max
was 30% higher in 4 (8%) participants who had the
SLCO1B1
g.−11187 AG genotype than in 45 participants who had the wild-type GG genotype (median AUC
0–24
from the model, 34.4 versus 23.6 μg · h/ml [
P
= 0.005, ANCOVA]; median
C
max
from the model, 3.5 versus 2.7 μg/ml [
P
= 0.009, ANCOVA]). Because moxifloxacin exhibits concentration-dependent prolongation of human QTc intervals and prolonged QTc intervals are associated with cardiac arrhythmia, further study is needed to evaluate the risk associated with the
SLCO1B1
g.−11187G>A variant. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT00164463.)
Complete Genome Sequences of Six
Listeria monocytogenes
Sequence Type 9 Isolates from Meat Processing Plants in Norway
Authors: Fagerlund Annette , Langsrud Solveig , Moen Birgitte , Heir Even , Møretrø Trond 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a foodborne pathogen that causes the often-fatal disease listeriosis. We present here the complete genome sequences of six
L. monocytogenes
isolates of sequence type 9 (ST9) collected from two different meat processing facilities in Norway. The genomes were assembled using Illumina and Nanopore sequencing data.
Annotated Genome Sequences of 16 Lineage 4
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Strains from Guatemala
Authors: Saelens Joseph W. , Lau-Bonilla Dalia , Moller Anneliese , Xet-Mull Ana M. , Medina Narda , Guzmán Brenda , Calderón Maylena , Herrera Raúl , Stout Jason E. , Arathoon Eduardo , Samayoa Blanca , Tobin David M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Whole-genome sequencing has resulted in new insights into the phylogeography of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
. However, only limited genomic data are available from
M. tuberculosis
strains in Guatemala. Here we report 16 complete genomes of clinical strains belonging to the Euro-American lineage 4, the most common lineage found in Guatemala and Central America.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Vesicular Stomatitis New Jersey Viruses Representing the 2012 U.S. Epidemic Strain and Its Closest Relative Endemic Strain from Southern Mexico
Authors: Velazquez-Salinas Lauro , Pauszek Steven J. , Verdugo-Rodriguez Antonio , Rodriguez Luis L. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
We report here the complete genome sequences of two vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) field strains isolated from epithelial lesions from naturally infected animals in Mexico and the United States. The close phylogenetic relationship of these isolates makes them an ideal model for assessing potential genetic factors linked with the emergence of VSNJV in the United States.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Model Oleaginous Alga
Nannochloropsis gaditana
CCMP1894
Authors: Schwartz Ariel S. , Brown Rob , Ajjawi Imad , McCarren Jay , Atilla Suzan , Bauman Nick , Richardson Toby H. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

The model oleaginous alga
Nannochloropsis gaditana
was completely sequenced using a combination of optical mapping and next-generation sequencing technologies to generate one of the most complete eukaryotic genomes published to date. The assembled genome is 30.7 Mb long.
Genome Sequences of 12
Pseudomonas lundensis
Strains Isolated from the Lungs of Humans
Authors: Scales Brittan S. , Erb-Downward John R. , Falkowski Nicole R. , LiPuma John J. , Huffnagle Gary B. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

We report here the first complete genome sequence of a human
Pseudomonas lundensis
isolate, strain AU1044, and the draft genomes of 11 other clinical
P. lundensis
strains, isolated from the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. The genome of strain AU1044 is 4.81 Mb and encodes seven 16S rRNAs.
High-Quality Complete Genome Sequences of Three Bovine Shiga Toxin-Producing
Escherichia coli
O177:H- (
fliC
H25
) Isolates Harboring Virulent
stx2
and Multiple Plasmids
Authors: Sheng Haiqing , Duan Mingrui , Hunter Samuel S. , Minnich Scott A. , Settles Matthew L. , New Daniel D. , Chase Jennifer R. , Fagnan Matthew W. , Hovde Carolyn J. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) bacteria are zoonotic pathogens. We report here the high-quality complete genome sequences of three STEC O177:H- (
fliC
H25
) strains, SMN152SH1, SMN013SH2, and SMN197SH3. The assembled genomes consisted of one optical map-verified circular chromosome for each strain, plus two plasmids for SMN013SH2 and three plasmids for SMN152SH1 and SMN197SH3, respectively.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Lactobacillus helveticus
ATCC 12046
Authors: Palomino María Mercedes , Burguener Germán F. , Campos Josefina , Allievi Mariana , Fina-Martin Joaquina , Prado Acosta Mariano , Fernández Do Porto Darío A. , Ruzal Sandra M. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus helveticus
is a lactic acid bacterium used traditionally in the dairy industry, especially in the manufacture of cheeses. We present here the 2,141,841-bp draft genome sequence of
L. helveticus
strain ATCC 12046, a potential starter strain for improving cheese production.
HIV-Associated Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bloodstream Infection Is Underdiagnosed by Single Blood Culture
Authors: Barr David A. , Kerkhoff Andrew D. , Schutz Charlotte , Ward Amy M. , Davies Gerry R. , Wilkinson Robert J. , Meintjes Graeme 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

We assessed the additional diagnostic yield for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
bloodstream infection (BSI) by doing more than one tuberculosis (TB) blood culture from HIV-infected inpatients. In a retrospective analysis of two cohorts based in Cape Town, South Africa, 72/99 (73%) patients with
M. tuberculosis
BSI were identified by the first of two blood cultures during the same admission, with 27/99 (27%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 18 to 36%) testing negative on the first culture but positive on the second. In a prospective evaluation of up to 6 blood cultures over 24 h, 9 of 14 (65%) patients with
M. tuberculosis
BSI had
M. tuberculosis
grow on their first blood culture; 3 more patients (21%) were identified by a second independent blood culture at the same time point, and the remaining 2 were diagnosed only on the 4th and 6th blood cultures. Additional blood cultures increase the yield for
M. tuberculosis
BSI, similar to what is reported for nonmycobacterial BSI.
Interaction of Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Proteins ppUL35 and ppUL35A with Sorting Nexin 5 Regulates Glycoprotein B (gpUL55) Localization
Authors: Maschkowitz Gregor , Gärtner Sabine , Hofmann-Winkler Heike , Fickenscher Helmut , Winkler Michael 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread human pathogen that causes asymptomatic infection in healthy individuals but poses a serious threat to immunocompromised patients. During the late phase of HCMV infection, the viral capsid is transported to the cytoplasmic viral assembly center (cVAC), where it is enclosed by the tegument protein layer and the viral envelope. The cVAC consists of circularly arranged vesicles from the
trans
-Golgi and endosomal networks. The HCMV gene UL35 encodes ppUL35 and its shorter form, ppUL35A. We have previously shown that the UL35 gene is involved in HCMV assembly, but it is unknown how UL35 proteins regulate viral assembly. Here we show that sorting nexin 5 (SNX5), a component of the retromer and part of the retrograde transport pathway, interacts with UL35 proteins. Expression of wild-type proteins but not mutants defective in SNX5 binding resulted in the cellular redistribution of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-M6PR), indicating that UL35 proteins bind and negatively regulate SNX5 to modulate cellular transport pathways. Furthermore, binding of UL35 proteins to SNX5 was required for efficient viral replication and for transport of the most abundant HCMV glycoprotein B (gB; gpUL55) to the cVAC. These results indicate that ppUL35 and ppUL35A control the localization of the essential gB through the regulation of a retrograde transport pathway. Thus, this work is the first to define a molecular interaction between a tegument protein and a vesicular transport factor to regulate glycoprotein localization.

IMPORTANCE
Human cytomegalovirus is ubiquitously present in the healthy population, but reactivation or reinfection can cause serious, life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients. For completion of its lytic cycle, human cytomegalovirus induces formation of an assembly center where mature virus particles are formed from multiple viral proteins. Viral glycoproteins use separate vesicular pathways for transport to the assembly center, which are incompletely understood. Our research identified a viral structural protein which affects the localization of one of the major glycoproteins. We could link this change in glycoprotein localization to an interaction of the structural protein with a cellular protein involved in regulation of vesicle transport. This increases our understanding of how the virus intersects into cellular regulatory pathways to enhance its own replication.
Hepatitis C Virus core+1/ARF Protein Modulates the Cyclin D1/pRb Pathway and Promotes Carcinogenesis
Authors: Moustafa Savvina , Karakasiliotis Ioannis , Mavromara Penelope 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Viruses often encompass overlapping reading frames and unconventional translation mechanisms in order to maximize the output from a minimum genome and to orchestrate their timely gene expression. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) possesses such an unconventional open reading frame (ORF) within the core-coding region, encoding an additional protein, initially designated ARFP, F, or core+1. Two predominant isoforms of core+1/ARFP have been reported, core+1/L, initiating from codon 26, and core+1/S, initiating from codons 85/87 of the polyprotein coding region. The biological significance of core+1/ARFP expression remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to gain insight into the functional and pathological properties of core+1/ARFP through its interaction with the host cell, combining
in vitro
and
in vivo
approaches. Our data provide strong evidence that the core+1/ARFP of HCV-1a stimulates cell proliferation in Huh7-based cell lines expressing either core+1/S or core+1/L isoforms and in transgenic liver disease mouse models expressing core+1/S protein in a liver-specific manner. Both isoforms of core+1/ARFP increase the levels of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated Rb, thus promoting the cell cycle. In addition, core+1/S was found to enhance liver regeneration and oncogenesis in transgenic mice. The induction of the cell cycle together with increased mRNA levels of cell proliferation-related oncogenes in cells expressing the core+1/ARFP proteins argue for an oncogenic potential of these proteins and an important role in HCV-associated pathogenesis.

IMPORTANCE
This study sheds light on the biological importance of a unique HCV protein. We show here that core+1/ARFP of HCV-1a interacts with the host machinery, leading to acceleration of the cell cycle and enhancement of liver carcinogenesis. This pathological mechanism(s) may complement the action of other viral proteins with oncogenic properties, leading to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, given that immunological responses to core+1/ARFP have been correlated with liver disease severity in chronic HCV patients, we expect that the present work will assist in clarifying the pathophysiological relevance of this protein as a biomarker of disease progression.
Association between spectral characteristics of paraspinal muscles and functional disability in patients with low back pain: a cohort study
Authors: Chiou Shin-Yi , Koutsos Ermis , Georgiou Pantelis , Strutton Paul H 
Published: February 2018

ObjectivesCharacteristics of muscle activity, represented by surface electromyography (EMG), have revealed differences between patients with low back pain (LBP) and healthy adults; how they relate to functional and clinical parameters remains unclear. The purpose of the current study was to examine the correlation between frequency characteristics of EMG (analysed using continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis) and patients’ self-rated score of disability.Design and settingThis is a case-control study with 15 patients with mechanical LBP without radicular symptoms. Patients were recruited from the orthopaedic clinic at Charing Cross Hospital. Ten healthy adults were recruited from the staff working in the hospital and associated university. Patients completed the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and bilateral EMG activity was obtained from erector spinae at vertebral levels L4 and T12. Subjects performed three brief maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of the back extensors and the torque was measured using a dynamometer. CWT was applied to the EMG signals of each muscle in a 200 ms window centred around the peak torque obtained during the MVICs. The ratio (low/high frequencies) of the energy, the peak power and the frequency of the peak power were calculated for each recording site, averaged and correlated with the individual’s RMDQ score.ResultsPatients had lower peak power (T12 and L4) and lower frequency of the peak power (at T12) than the healthy adults. Additionally, RMDQ positively correlated to the average ratio of energy at T12 (r=0.63; p=0.012), that is, greater self-rated disability corresponded to a dominant distribution of energy in the lower frequencies.ConclusionThe current findings reveal alterations in EMG profile and its association with self-related back pain disability, suggesting that spectral characteristics of EMG reflect muscle function.
Are efforts to attract graduate applicants to UK medical schools effective in increasing the participation of under-represented socioeconomic groups? A national cohort study
Authors: Kumwenda Ben , Cleland Jennifer , Greatrix Rachel , MacKenzie Rhoda Katharine , Prescott Gordon 
Published: February 2018

IntroductionAttracting graduates was recommended as a means of diversifying the UK medical student population. Graduates now make up nearly a quarter of the total medical student population. Research to date has focused on comparing the sociodemographic characteristics of applicants to and/or students on traditional and graduate entry programmes (GEMs), yet GEMs account for only 40% of the graduate medical student population. Thus, we aimed to compare the sociodemographic characteristic and outcomes of graduates and non-graduate applicants across a range of programmes.MethodsThis was an observational study of 117 214 applicants to medicine who took the UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) from 2006 to 2014 and who applied to medical school through Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS). We included applicant demographics, UKCAT total score and offers in our analysis. Applicants were assigned as graduates or non-graduates on the basis of their highest qualification. Multiple logistic regression was used to predict the odds of receiving an offer, after adjusting for confounders.ResultsIrrespective of graduate or non-graduate status, most applicants were from the highest socioeconomic groups and were from a white ethnic background. Receiving an offer was related to gender and ethnicity in both graduates and non-graduates. After adjusting for UKCAT score, the OR of an offer for graduates versus non-graduates was approximately 0.5 (OR=0.48, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.49).DiscussionOur findings indicate that the aim of diversifying the medical student population on socioeconomic grounds by attracting graduates has been only marginally successful. Graduate applicants from widening access backgrounds are less likely than others to be offered a place at medical school. Different approaches must be considered if medicine is to attract and select more socially diverse applicants.