bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of practical pheromone lures for Lygus hesperus and Lygus elisus (Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Hall David R , Serrano Jacqueline , Yokota Glenn Y , Nieto Diego J , Farman Dudley I , McElfresh J Steven , Del Pozo-Valdivia Alejandro I , Millar Jocelyn G , Daane Kent M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The mirid bugs Lygus hesperus (Knight) and L. elisus (van Duzee) are key pests of forage, fiber, and fruit crops. Our goals were to identify pheromone components produced by females of both species and to develop practical pheromone dispensers for use in monitoring these pests. Volatiles collected from virgin female L. elisus contained (E)-2-hexenyl butyrate (E2HB) as the major component with lesser amounts of hexyl butyrate (HB) and (E)-4-oxo-2-hexenal (E4OH) (ratio 117.2:100:17.1, respectively), whereas volatiles and solvent extracts from L. hesperus contained HB and E4OH as major components, with only small amounts of E2HB (100:23.6:3.4, respectively in volatiles). Dispensers fabricated from pipette tips released the components at ~10 µg/d in a ratio similar to the loading ratio. These lures were used to optimize the pheromone blends in field studies from 2012 to 2017. Blends of E2HB and E4OH attracted L. elisus, and a 100:60 blend was optimal. Blends of HB and E4OH attracted L. hesperus, and a 100:60 blend was adopted as a base blend. The additions of possible minor components such as (Z)-3-hexenyl butyrate, (E)-2-hexenal, or 1-hexanol did not improve the attraction of L. hesperus. In trials in alfalfa and strawberry, traps baited with blends of HB:E4OH (100:60) were equally or more effective for monitoring L. hesperus than sweep or vacuum samples, with pipette tip dispensers lasting 2–3 weeks under field conditions. The numbers of L. hesperus captured were lower than expected as compared with reports of pheromone trapping for other Lygus spp. Some possible reasons were investigated.
Phosphine and phosphine plus ethyl formate for controlling papaya mealybug (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on succulents
Authors: Zou Hang , Li Li , Li Baishu , Ren Yonglin , Liu Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), poses a serious threat to global trade and is classified as a quarantine pest in some countries. Phosphine (PH3) is considered an alternative to methyl bromide for postharvest control of P. marginatus. However, reports addressing the impact of PH3 treatment to control P. marginatus on succulent plants are lacking. This study aims to investigate the effects of PH3 fumigation alone and in combination with ethyl formate (EF) on insecticidal activity across all developmental stages of P. marginatus and its influence on the quality of plant products. Tolerance tests showed that among all developmental stages, the egg stage of P. marginatus is the most tolerant to PH3 treatment. A concentration of 1 g m−3 PH3 for 8 h exposure at 25 °C achieved a 99.9968% (Probit-9) mortality rate for the eggs. Additionally, we examined the synergistic effects of combining EF with PH3. Combined fumigation with 0.5 g m−3 PH3 and 2 g m−3 EF for 8 h at 25 °C did not adversely affect the lifespan and quality of three succulent plant species, achieving an effective dose of 0.99991. These findings suggest that PH3 fumigation, with or without EF, are effective treatments for postharvest control of P. marginatus in succulent plants.
Transgenic αβ TCR tonic signaling is leukemogenic while strong stimulation is leukemia suppressive
Authors: Catarino Telmo A , Pacheco-Leyva Ivette , Baessa Marina , Pereira João L , R. dos Santos Nuno 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The pre–T cell receptor (TCR) and TCR complexes are frequently expressed in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), an aggressive T cell precursor malignancy. Although mutations in TCR components are infrequent in T-ALL, earlier research indicated that transgenic αβ TCR expression in mouse T cell precursors promoted T-ALL development. However, we recently found that stimulation of TCR signaling in T-ALL induced leukemic cell apoptosis and suppressed leukemia. Our aim was to elucidate if a given αβ TCR complex has a dual role in leukemogenesis depending on the nature of the stimulus. We demonstrate that transgenic expression of the Marilyn αβ TCR, specific for the H-Y male antigen presented by major histocompatibility complex class II, triggers T-ALL development exclusively in female mice. This T-ALL exhibited Notch1 mutations, Cdkn2a copy number loss, and immature immunophenotype, and infiltrated both lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs. Furthermore, leukemic cells expressed surface CD5, a marker of tonic TCR signaling. T-ALL efficiently developed in Rag2-deficient Marilyn transgenic females, indicating that Rag2-mediated recombination is not implicated in this T-ALL model. T-ALL development was also observed in the OT-I TCR transgenic mouse model, but it did not occur when major histocompatibility complex class I was abrogated through genetic inactivation of β2-microglobulin. Remarkably, exposure of Marilyn female T-ALL cells to endogenous agonist antigens in male recipient mice or exogenous peptides in female recipient mice resulted in T-ALL apoptosis and prolonged mouse survival. These findings underscore the dual role of the same αβ TCR complex in T-ALL, in which tonic stimulation is leukemogenic, while strong stimulation suppresses leukemia.
Trends in cancer mortality under age 50 in 15 upper-middle and high-income countries
Authors: Santucci Claudia , Mignozzi Silvia , Alicandro Gianfranco , Pizzato Margherita , Malvezzi Matteo , Negri Eva , Jha Prabhat , La Vecchia Carlo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Rising cancer incidence, particularly for colorectal cancer, has been reported in young adults. This study examined whether this is related to an increase in mortality.

Methods
We analyzed World Health Organization mortality data among young adults aged 25-49 years in 15 most populous upper-middle and high-income countries from 1990 to 2021 with reliable data. Midyear populations were retrieved from the United Nations for the American Countries and from the World Health Organization for the other countries. We compared age-standardized mortality rates in 2019-2021 with those in 2009-2011 and performed joinpoint regression analysis for all cancers and selected most common cancer sites: colorectum, pancreas, lung, and breast.

Results
In 2019-2021, the highest age-standardized mortality rates (per 100 000) were in Romanian males (38.6) and Argentinian females (45.9), while the lowest ones were in Japanese males (16.3) and females (22.7). Age-standardized mortality rates for colorectal cancers increased in 2019-2021 compared with 2009-2011 in 9 countries among men and in 7 countries among women. The highest increases were in the United Kingdom (males: +26.1%; females: +33.7%), Canada (males: +25.3%), and Mexico (males: +33.5%; females: +29.7%). Long-term analysis over the last 3 decades showed declining trends in total cancer mortality in the majority of countries, in lung cancer mortality across all countries, and in breast cancer in all countries except in Latin America.

Conclusions
Although mortality from common cancers has generally decreased over the past 3 decades, mortality from colorectal cancer has increased in some countries. This highlights the need to control the obesity epidemic and implement targeted surveillance strategies in young populations.
Liver elastography-based risk score for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma risk
Authors: Tian Chan , Ye Chunyan , Guo Haiyan , Lu Kun , Yang Juan , Wang Xiao , Ge Xinyuan , Yu Chengxiao , Lu Jing , Jiang Longfeng , Zhang Qun , Song Ci 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) via vibration-controlled transient elastography accurately assesses fibrosis. We aimed to develop a universal risk score for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis.

Methods
We systematically selected predictors and developed the risk prediction model (HCC-LSM) in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) training cohort (n = 2251, median follow-up of 3.2 years). The HCC-LSM model was validated in an independent HBV validation cohort (n = 1191, median follow-up of 5.7 years) and a non-viral chronic liver disease (CLD) extrapolation cohort (n = 1189, median follow-up of 3.3 years). An HCC risk score was then constructed based on a nomogram. An online risk evaluation tool Liver Elastography-Based Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk Score (LEBER) was developed using ChatGPT4.0.

Results
Eight routinely available predictors were identified, with LSM levels showing a significant dose-response relationship with HCC incidence (P &lt; .001 by log-rank test). The HCC-LSM model exhibited excellent predictive performance in the HBV training cohort (C-index = 0.866) and the HBV validation cohort (C-index = 0.852), with good performance in the extrapolation CLD cohort (C-index = 0.769). The model demonstrated significantly superior discrimination compared to 6 previous models across the 3 cohorts. Cut-off values of 87.2 and 121.1 for the HCC-LSM score categorized participants into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. An online public risk evaluation tool (LEBER; http://ccra.njmu.edu.cn/LEBER669.html) was developed to facilitate the use of HCC-LSM.

Conclusion
The accessible, reliable risk score based on LSM accurately predicted HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis, providing an effective risk assessment tool for HCC surveillance strategies.
Utilization of Prognosis Assignment: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Military Periodontists
Authors: Sawaya Richard E , Dickens Noel E , Merchant Keith R , Wilson John H , Darcey Caitlin D 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Prognosis is a forecast of the likely course of a disease and its future implications on treatment outcomes. The significance of periodontal prognosis in clinical practice is evident by its influence on treatment planning, communication, and in the retrospective evaluation of treatment results. While there are multiple well-known prognosis systems reported in the periodontal dental literature, there is an absence of data on the actual use of prognosis assignment among practicing clinicians. The purpose of this study was to survey military periodontists regarding their utilization of periodontal prognosis and associated systems and to evaluate prognosis’ influence on treatment planning as well as its implications on operational dental readiness.

Methods
A 19-question internet survey was disseminated to military periodontists in the U.S. Air Force, Army, and Navy via their respective Periodontal Consultants to the Surgeon Generals. The survey inquired on provider-specific demographic information, the provider’s favored periodontal prognosis system, when and how prognosis is applied, and on the relationship between prognosis and operational dental readiness.

Results
Fifty-five percent (n = 65 out of 120) of eligible survey participants completed the survey. Army (94.4%, n = 17) and Air Force (72.2%, n = 13) respondents preferred utilizing the Kwok and Caton periodontal prognosis system compared to 37.9% (n = 11) of Navy periodontists. Most respondents assigned prognosis at multiple time points in a patient’s overall course of treatment (68%, n = 44), identified the severity of the periodontal presentation and the predictability of treatment outcomes as the most important factors involved in assigning a prognosis (82%, n = 55), and indicated that periodontal prognosis did not influence their dental readiness classification and vice versa.

Conclusions
Kwok and Caton and McGuire periodontal prognosis systems were utilized by the majority of respondents but differed in utilization by military service branch. Respondents considered periodontal presentation severity and treatment outcome predictability the most important factors when assigning a prognosis. There was minimal influence between operational dental readiness and periodontal prognosis. Future research will evaluate prognosis system utilization in a broader population and will assess the impact of system standardization in education and clinical practice.
Puzzling high-velocity calcium absorption features of type Ia supernovae
Authors: Zhao Xulin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Absorption features Ca ii NIR and Ca ii H&K of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are characterized by their strong high-velocity features (HVFs). We find that, for these two features of calcium there is a puzzling anticorrelation between the line strengths of HVF and photospheric (PHO) components, and an unexpected positive correlation between the velocity difference and line strength ratio of HVF and PHO components. In comparison, HVFs of Si ii$\lambda$6355 and O i$\lambda$7773 show a positive correlation between the line strengths of HVF and PHO components, and no clear correlation between the velocity difference and line strength ratio of the two components. The differences may be associated with the fact that calcium was mostly synthesized in deeper layers than silicon and oxygen, and thus experienced much more serious blocking by substances in outer layers. These observations can shed light on the physics of HVFs.
emuflow: normalizing flows for joint cosmological analysis
Authors: Mootoovaloo Arrykrishna , García-García Carlos , Alonso David , Ruiz-Zapatero Jaime 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Given the growth in the variety and precision of astronomical data sets of interest for cosmology, the best cosmological constraints are invariably obtained by combining data from different experiments. At the likelihood level, one complication in doing so is the need to marginalize over large-dimensional parameter models describing the data of each experiment. These include both the relatively small number of cosmological parameters of interest and a large number of ‘nuisance’ parameters. Sampling over the joint parameter space for multiple experiments can thus become a very computationally expensive operation. This can be significantly simplified if one could sample directly from the marginal cosmological posterior distribution of preceding experiments, depending only on the common set of cosmological parameters. We show that this can be achieved by emulating marginal posterior distributions via normalizing flows. The resulting trained normalizing flow models can be used to efficiently combine cosmological constraints from independent data sets without increasing the dimensionality of the parameter space under study. The method is able to accurately describe the posterior distribution of real cosmological data sets, as well as the joint distribution of different data sets, even when significant tension exists between experiments. The resulting joint constraints can be obtained in a fraction of the time it would take to combine the same data sets at the level of their likelihoods. We construct normalizing flow models for a set of public cosmological data sets of general interests and make them available, together with the software used to train them, and to exploit them in cosmological parameter inference.
Systematics in tests of general relativity using LISA massive black hole binaries
Authors: Garg Mudit , Sberna Laura , Speri Lorenzo , Duque Francisco , Gair Jonathan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Our current understanding is that an environment – mainly consisting of gas or stars – is required to bring massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) with total redshifted mass $M_z\sim [10^{4},10^7]~{\rm M}_{\odot }$ to the LISA band from parsec separation. Even in the gravitational wave (GW) dominated final inspiral, realistic environments can non-negligibly speed up or slow down the binary evolution, or leave residual, measurable eccentricity in the LISA band. Despite this fact, most of the literature does not consider environmental effects or orbital eccentricity in modelling GWs from near-equal mass MBHBs. Considering either a circular MBHB embedded in a circumbinary disc or a vacuum eccentric binary, we explore if ignoring either secular gas effects (migration and accretion) or eccentric corrections to the GW waveform can mimic a failure of general relativity (GR). We use inspiral-only aligned-spin 3.5 post-Newtonian (PN) waveforms, a complete LISA response model, and Bayesian inference to perform a parameterized test of GR. For a 4-yr LISA observation of an MBHB with $M_z=10^{5}~{\rm M}_{\odot }$, primary-to-secondary mass ratio $q=8$, and component BHs’ dimensionless spins $\chi _{1,2}=0.9$ at redshift $z=1$, even a moderate gas–disc imprint (Eddington ratio ${\it f}_{\rm Edd}\sim 0.1$) or low initial eccentricity ($e_0\sim 10^{-2.5}$) causes a false violation of GR in several PN orders. However, correctly modelling either effect can mitigate systematics while avoiding significant biases in vacuum circular systems. The adoption of LISA makes it urgent to consider gas imprints and eccentricity in waveform models to ensure accurate inference for MBHBs.
A coronal mass ejection encountered by four spacecraft within 1 au from the Sun: ensemble modelling of propagation and magnetic structure
Authors: Palmerio Erika , Kay Christina , Al-Haddad Nada , Lynch Benjamin J , Trotta Domenico , Yu Wenyuan , Ledvina Vincent E , Sánchez-Cano Beatriz , Riley Pete , Heyner Daniel , Schmid Daniel , Fischer David , Richter Ingo , Auster Hans-Ulrich 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Understanding and predicting the structure and evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) in the heliosphere remains one of the most sought-after goals in heliophysics and space weather research. A powerful tool for improving current knowledge and capabilities consists of multispacecraft observations of the same event, which take place when two or more spacecraft fortuitously find themselves in the path of a single CME. Multiprobe events can not only supply useful data to evaluate the large-scale of CMEs from 1D in situ trajectories, but also provide additional constraints and validation opportunities for CME propagation models. In this work, we analyse and simulate the coronal and heliospheric evolution of a slow, streamer-blowout CME that erupted on 2021 September 23 and was encountered in situ by four spacecraft approximately equally distributed in heliocentric distance between 0.4 and 1 au. We employ the Open Solar Physics Rapid Ensemble Information modelling suite in ensemble mode to predict the CME arrival and structure in a hindcast fashion and to compute the ‘best-fitting’ solutions at the different spacecraft individually and together. We find that the spread in the predicted quantities increases with heliocentric distance, suggesting that there may be a maximum (angular and radial) separation between an inner and an outer probe beyond which estimates of the in situ magnetic field orientation (parametrized by flux rope model geometry) increasingly diverge. We discuss the importance of these exceptional observations and the results of our investigation in the context of advancing our understanding of CME structure and evolution as well as improving space weather forecasts.
Tectonic and eustatic controls on the palaeobiogeographic distribution of Eocene bivalves
Authors: Mitra Aniket , Halder Kalyan 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The Eocene epoch experienced important global events—a warming and transgression at the beginning, and a cooling and regression at the end. Crucial tectonic rearrangements were also taking place, such as the northward movement of the Indian plate and closure of the Tethys Sea. Here, the global palaeobiogeography of all Eocene bivalve genera is studied to see the effects of these tectonic and eustatic changes. We have established formal palaeobiogeographic provinces and explored their evolving relationships based on statistical analyses of global distribution data of all bivalve genera for each stage of the Eocene. The late Paleocene (Thanetian) and early Oligocene (Rupelian) stages have also been included to understand potential effects of climate and sea-level changes. Bivalve diversity increased at the beginning and fell at the end of the Eocene, apparently in response to opposite climatic and eustatic changes at these boundaries. The palaeobiogeographic provinces also expanded and shrank, respectively. The tropical and subtropical basins of northwestern Europe and eastern and western America accommodated maximum bivalve diversity and yielded temporally stable provinces. These provinces shared many bivalve genera. However, similarity of the western American fauna with that of eastern America dwindled with time as the Western Interior Seaway disappeared. The distribution sequence of shared diachronous genera between the provinces revealed that (1) the Western American Province later developed affinity to the Japan and Eastern Russian Province facilitated by the Alaska and Oyashio currents, (2) the Northern Equatorial Current and North Atlantic Gyre were primarily responsible for the similarity between the Tethyan and Atlantic provinces, and (3) the Tethys seaway was active until the middle Eocene, which allowed westward migration of the western Indian fauna leading to its similarity with the European and northern African faunas. This link was severed in the late Eocene.
The Natural Products Magnetic Resonance Database (NP-MRD) for 2025
Authors: Wishart David S , Sajed Tanvir , Pin Matthew , Poynton Ella F , Goel Bharat , Lee Brian L , Guo An Chi , Saha Sukanta , Sayeeda Zinat , Han Scott , Berjanskii Mark , Peters Harrison , Oler Eponine , Gautam Vasuk , Jordan Tamara , Kim Jonghyeok , Ledingham Benjamin , Tretter Zachary M , Koller James T , Shreffler Hailey A , Stillwell Lillian R , Jystad Amy M , Govind Niranjan , Bade Jessica L , Sumner Lloyd W , Linington Roger G , Cort John R 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Natural Products Magnetic Resonance Database (NP-MRD; https://np-mrd.org) is a comprehensive, freely accessible, web-based resource for the deposition, distribution, extraction, and retrieval of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data on natural products (NPs). The NP-MRD was initially established to support compound de-replication and data dissemination for the NP community. However, that community has now grown to include many users from the metabolomics, microbiomics, foodomics, and nutrition science fields. Indeed, since its launch in 2022, the NP-MRD has expanded enormously in size, scope, and popularity. The current version of NP-MRD now contains nearly 7× more compounds (281 859 versus 40 908) and 7× more NMR spectra (5.5 million versus 817 278) than the first release. More specifically, an additional 4.6 million predicted spectra and another 11 000 spectra simulated from experimental chemical shifts were deposited into the database. Likewise, the number of NMR raw spectral data depositions has grown from 165 spectra per year to &gt;10 000 per year. As a result of this expansion, the number of monthly webpage views has grown from 55 to 20 000 and the number of monthly visitors has increased from 7 to 2500. To address this growth and to better support the expanding needs of its diverse community of users, many additional improvements to the NP-MRD have been made. These include significant enhancements to the data submission process, notable updates to the database’s spectral search utilities and useful additions to support better NMR spectral analysis/prediction. Significant efforts have also been undertaken to remediate and update many of NP-MRD’s database entries. This manuscript describes these database improvements and expansion efforts, along with how they have been implemented and what future upgrades to the NP-MRD are planned.