bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of pediculosis and its related factors among primary school girls in the north of Iran
Authors: Moosazadeh Mahmood , Afshari Mahdi , Hajheydari Zohreh , charkameh Ali , Nezammahalleh Asghar , Zerafat Aliakbar , Rezaei Foroozan , Rankoohi Maryam , Safari Nasim , Shojaei Jalil , Enayati Ahmad Ali 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Head lice infestation is one of the main public health problems worldwide and a sanitary, cultural and economic indicator for communities’ health. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of head lice infestation among female primary school children in selected districts of Mazandaran Province, Iran.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 3033 female school children were recruited using the consensus method. Head lice infestation was defined as visible adult lice, nymph or egg with the naked eye. Data were described by percent frequency and analyzed using the chi-squared test and multivariate logistic regression models. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Prevalence of head lice infestation among female school children was estimated at 7.9%. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) [95% confidence intervals (CI)] for rural residents, low level educated mothers, family size more than five and not combing their hair were 1.96 (1.41–2.78), 2.46 (1.35–4.49), 2.04 (1.12–3.70) and 3.94 (1.73–8.96), respectively. In addition, considering first grade students as a reference group, the ORs (95% CI) for second and third grades were 1.89 (1.18–3.05) and 1.69 (1.05–2.74), respectively.

Conclusion
Our study showed that studying in urban schools, low educational level of mothers, grade, family size and no history of regular combing were predictors of head lice infestation.
Dynamical Behaviors of a Fractional-Order Predator–Prey Model with Holling Type IV Functional Response and Its Discretization
Authors: Yousef A. M. , Rida S. Z. , Gouda Y. Gh. , Zaki A. S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the dynamical behaviors of a fractional-order predator–prey with Holling type IV functional response and its discretized counterpart. First, we seek the local stability of equilibria for the fractional-order model. Also, the necessary and sufficient conditions of the stability of the discretized model are achieved. Bifurcation types (include transcritical, flip and Neimark–Sacker) and chaos are discussed in the discretized system. Finally, numerical simulations are executed to assure the validity of the obtained theoretical results.
Fourth-Order Spatial and Second-Order Temporal Accurate Compact Scheme for Cahn–Hilliard Equation
Authors: Lee Seunggyu 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We propose a fourth-order spatial and second-order temporal accurate and unconditionally stable compact finite-difference scheme for the Cahn–Hilliard equation. The proposed scheme has a higher-order accuracy in space than conventional central difference schemes even though both methods use a three-point stencil. Its compactness may be useful when applying the scheme to numerical implementation. In a temporal discretization, the secant-type algorithm, which is known as the second-order accurate scheme, is applied. Furthermore, the unique solvability regardless of the temporal and spatial step size, unconditionally gradient stability, and discrete mass conservation are proven. It guarantees that large temporal and spatial step sizes could be used with the high-order accuracy and the original properties of the CH equation. Then, numerical results are presented to confirm the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed scheme. The efficiency of the proposed scheme is better than other low order accurate stable schemes.
Unit Root Testing in the Presence of Mean Reverting Jumps: Evidence from US T-Bond Yields
Authors: Ilalan Deniz , Özel Özgür 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Mean reversion of financial data, especially interest rates is often tested by linear unit root tests. However, there are times where linear unit root test results can be misleading especially when mean reverting jump formations are at stage. Considering this framework, we provide a new unit root testing methodology and compute its asymptotic critical values via Monte Carlo simulation. Moreover, we numerically compare the power of this generalized mean reversion test with the pioneering linear unit root test in the literature namely the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) test. We deduce that our test is a refinement of ADF test with a higher power. We apply our findings to US 10-year Treasury bond yields. We aim to shed light to the discussion among researchers whether interest rates can sometimes revert to a long-term constant mean or not from an unorthodox point of view.
A Stream/Block Combination Image Encryption Algorithm Using Logistic Matrix to Scramble
Authors: Wang Xing-Yuan , Li Zhi-Ming 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, a new chaotic image encryption scheme is proposed, which uses the combination of stream cipher and block cipher to spread and then uses the Logistic mapping matrix to perform the block sort transformation to complete the confusion. The specific method is as follows: First, perform the triple XOR operation, non-linear S-box transformation and linear cyclic shift transformation on the key. Second, the triple XOR operation of the transformed key and the plaintext and Logistic mapping sequence are used to obtain the semi-ciphertext. And set the obtained semi-ciphertext and plaintext as key components of the next round of encryption. Finally, the transformation of sorting and partition of the Logistic mapping matrix are used to confuse the semi-ciphertext. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves the encryption efficiency, has good security and can resist common attacks.
The Expanding Domestic Role of Western Armed Forces and its Implications
Authors: Kalkman Jori Pascal 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe domestic roles of Western armed forces are expanding. Although there is broad academic agreement that this trend is widespread, research on its implications has been relatively scarce. Here, I examine three debates that have emerged in the wake of expanding domestic military roles. They include: discussion on the origins of this trend between functionalists and politically-oriented scholars; its implications for civilian control and civil rights; and its effects on military-police convergence. This is followed by a call for more research on how the expanding domestic roles of Western armed forces relate to domestic civil-military collaboration, the management of military organizations, military visibility and reputation, perceptions of new tasks within the military, and the scale of this trend. A concluding section makes a case for drawing more academic attention to this phenomenon.
Tangramob: An Agent-Based Simulation Framework for Validating Urban Smart Mobility Solutions
Authors: Corradini Flavio , De Angelis Francesco , Polini Andrea , Castagnari Carlo , de Berardinis Jacopo , Forcina Giorgio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Estimating the effects of introducing a range of smart mobility solutions within an urban area is a crucial concern in urban planning. The lack of a simulator for the assessment of mobility initiatives forces local public authorities and mobility service providers to base their decisions on guidelines derived from common heuristics and best practices. These approaches can help planners in shaping mobility solutions; however, given the high number of variables to consider, the effects are not guaranteed. Therefore, a solution conceived respecting the available guidelines can result in a failure in a different context. In particular, difficult aspects to consider are the interactions between different mobility services available in a given urban area and the acceptance of a given mobility initiative by the inhabitants of the area. In order to fill this gap, we introduce Tangramob, an agent-based simulation framework capable of assessing the impacts of a smart mobility initiative within an urban area of interest. Tangramob simulates how urban traffic is expected to evolve as citizens start experiencing newly offered traveling solutions. This allows decision makers to evaluate the efficacy of their initiatives, taking into account the current urban system. In this paper, we provide an overview of the simulation framework along with its design. To show the potential of Tangramob, three mobility initiatives are simulated and compared in the same scenario. This demonstrates how it is possible to perform comparative experiments so as to align mobility initiatives to the user goals.
Assessment of sparse GNSS network for network RTK
Authors: Koivula Hannu , Kuokkanen Jaakko , Marila Simo , Lahtinen Sonja , Mattila Tuukka 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We tested the accuracy and usability of a sparse GNSS reference station network for network RTK (NRTK) using the Finnish permanent GNSS network FinnRef. We modified the configuration of the FinnRef network stations used in NRTK computation. This allowed us to perform the test both inside and outside of the network area using different NRTK methods and two different RTK receivers. In the test area the average distance between the FinnRef stationswas 160 km. As a comparison,we tested also with the commercial Trimnet and HxGN SmartNet positioning services operated by Geotrim Oy and Leica Geosystems Finland, respectively. Tests showed that the horizontal and vertical rms of Trimnet servicewas 16mmand 40 mm, and of HxGN SmartNet service 23mmand 48 mm. The best rms for the sparse NLS (National Land Survey of Finland) Service was 22 mm and 56 mm. These results indicate that a good NRTK solution can be achieved with a sparser network than typically used. This study also indicates, that the methods for NRTK processing can also affect the quality of the solution.
Hepatopathies in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Aydın Firdevs , Gerenli Nelgin , Dursun Fatma , Atasoy Tülay Öztürk , Kalın Sevinç , Kırmızıbekmez Heves 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Diabetes and hepatosteatosis are dramatically increasing in childhood. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is defined as a common disorder in adulthood, especially with type-2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, while very few studies are available on liver health in children with type-1 diabetes.

Patients and methods
One hundred and ten (52 males and 58 females) patients with type-1 diabetes aged between 8 and 18 years were examined. The lipid profile, liver enzymes and hepatobiliary ultrasound findings of patients were investigated in terms of hepatopathies. Patients diagnosed with fatty liver were evaluated by pediatric gastroenterology specialists for the differential diagnosis and exclusion of other etiologies. The relationships between hepatopathy and age, pubertal status, the duration of diabetes and glycemic control were evaluated.

Results
Hepatopathy was found in 17 (15.5%) patients. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were normal and did not correlate with the ultrasonography (USG) findings. Hyperechogenicity detected by USG, whether it is true fat or glycogen hepatopathy, was found to be associated with “poor glycemic control” independently of age, puberty status and the duration of diabetes.

Conclusions
This study contributes to the literature in terms of the relationship between liver health and glycemic control in pediatric type-1 diabetes. Hepatopathies were releated with poor glycemic control independently of the duration of diabetes. This suggested that liver disorders should be considered as one of the subacute complications of diabetes. It was concluded that routine screening for comorbidities and complications in type-1 diabetes should also include hepatobiliary USG, as liver enzymes alone are inadequate for detecting hepatopathies.
Functional and endocrine-metabolic oligomenorrhea: proposal of a new diagnostic assessment tool for differential diagnosis in adolescence
Authors: Baggio Silvia , Di Paola Rossana , Zaffagnini Stefano , Fino Stefania , Raffaelli Ricciarda , Franchi Massimo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
To develop a diagnostic assessment tool, using clinical, biochemical and sonographic markers, to help clinicians in the differential diagnosis of functional oligomenorrhea (FO) and endocrine-metabolic oligomenorrhea (EMO).

Methods
Sixty-two adolescents with oligomenorrhea without evident hormonal imbalances or severe energy deficit were selected. They were divided into two groups (EMO and FO) and they all underwent the following assessment: physical examination (height, weight, presence of hirsutism or acne), blood exams and transabdominal ultrasonography. The biochemical markers included: hemoglobin, thyrotropin stimulating hormone (TSH), prolactin (PRL), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), free (FT) and total testosterone (TT), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Uterine and ovarian volume, ovarian morphology, endometrial thickness and pulsatility index (PI) of uterine arteries were evaluated with ultrasound.

Results
Body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin, LH levels and LH/FSH ratio were significantly higher in women with EMO than in those with FO. Increased androgens values were found in the EMO group, but only A and FT were significantly different (p=0.04). Ovarian volume and uterine artery PI were the only ultrasound features significantly different, with higher values in the EMO population (p<0.05). Considering these variables, with a receiving characteristic operating curve, new cut-offs were calculated, and a diagnostic assessment tool elaborated (area under curve [AUC] 0.88, specificity 99%, sensibility 59%, p<0.001].

Conclusions
This diagnostic tool, specific for adolescents, could be useful in the management of oligomenorrhea. Recognizing and distinguishing EMO and FO is very important in order to establish an appropriate treatment and a correct follow-up.
The Two Movements in Economic Thought, 1700–2000: Empty Economic Boxes Revisited
Authors: McCloskey Deirdre Nansen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMy theme is of a Rise and a Fall of understanding, coming from a failure to measure ones understanding. Down to 1848 the new field of political economy was gradually coming to understand the system of market-tested betterment (lamentably called by its enemies “capitalism”). After 1848, however, more and more of the economists, as they increasingly called themselves, came gradually tomisunderstand it. Indeed, the political left and the middle came to treat the theories of exchange-tested betterment with angry contempt, such as Thorstein Veblen’s blast against English economics, with its allegedly necessary assumption of the «hedonistic conception of man… of a lightning calculator of pleasures and pains, who oscillates like a homogeneous globule of desire of happiness under the impulse of stimuli» (Veblen, Thorstein. 1898. “Why Is Economics Not an Evolutionary Science?,”Quarterly Journal of Economics12(July): 373–397). “Imperfections” in the market took center stage in economics, and the understanding that had developed during the Rise was at best forgotten, or at worst condemned as “capitalist” propaganda, so obviously false that no actual measurement of its falsity need be offered.
Cultural Awareness on A Bilingual Education: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Ozfidan Burhan , Toprak Mustafa 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate how a bilingual education program would protect the cultural inheritance, linguistic knowledge, ethnic and religious identity of minority peoples. This study utilized an explanatory sequential mixed method, conducted in two phases: a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. Both quantitative and qualitative data reflected that a bilingual education program could increase the educational success of students and contribute to social justice including equal educational rights. Such as system might also increase brotherhood between different ethnic groups in society and perhaps resolve the conflicts among them. A bilingual education program for minority people is essential for equal access to education. It solves conflicts between different ethnic groups and brings happiness to the society.
Transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect at narrow optical resonances
Authors: Borovkova Olga V. , Spitzer Felix , Belotelov Vladimir I. , Akimov Ilya A. , Poddubny Alexander N. , Karczewski Grzegorz , Wiater Maciej , Wojtowicz Tomasz , Zvezdin Anatoly K. , Yakovlev Dmitri R. , Bayer Manfred 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Magneto-optical spectroscopy based on the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) is a sensitive method for investigating magnetically-ordered media. Previous studies were limited to the weak coupling regime where the spectral width of optical transitions considerably exceeded the Zeeman splitting in magnetic field. Here, we investigate experimentally and theoretically the transverse Kerr effect in the vicinity of comparatively narrow optical resonances in confined quantum systems. For experimental demonstration we studied the ground-state exciton resonance in a (Cd,Mn)Te diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum well, for which the strong exchange interaction with magnetic ions leads to giant Zeeman splitting of exciton spin states. For low magnetic fields in the weak coupling regime, the Kerr effect magnitude grows linearly with increasing Zeeman splitting showing a dispersive S-shaped spectrum, which remains almost unchanged in this range. For large magnetic fields in the strong coupling regime, the magnitude saturates, whereas the spectrum becomes strongly modified by the appearance of two separate peaks. TMOKE is sensitive not only to the sample surface but can also be used to probe in detail the confined electronic states in buried nanostructures if their capping layer is sufficiently transparent.
Forms of territorial embeddedness in dairy value chains Case of the Chartreuse massif (French Alps): geographical and historical perspectives
Authors: Madelrieux Sophie , Bergeret Agnès , Fillion Laurent 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The ending of milk quotas marks a breach in the mode of milk supply management. Farmers and actors of territorial development are concerned about the future of dairy farming since we can observe a loss of autonomy and sovereignty in front of agro-industries. In this context a group of dairy farmers in the Chartreuse massif (French Northern Alps) wished to conduct a reflection on their future. It consisted in better understanding the territorial embeddedness of dairy value chains, compared with what could be done elsewhere (geographical perspective), and what has been done in the history of the area (historical perspective). We used a same reading grid based on six criteria relative to the geographic embeddedness of the value chains, the ability of the producers to specify their resources, and to organize themselves and be autonomous. Of the 18 initiatives analyzed concerning dairy products, we identified four types of territorial embeddedness. The history of Chartreuse shows different trajectories of loss and gain of autonomy for the dairy producers and a loss of collective. We discuss the cross-reading of these geographical and historical perspectives and their meanings in terms of territorial embeddedness and for the Chartreuse producers.
What Factors Shape the Liquidity Levels of Euro Area Sovereign Bonds?
Authors: Jurksas Linas 
Published: January 2019

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors that shape the liquidity levels of euro area sovereign bonds. The values of liquidity measure and explanatory variables were calculated from the limitorder book dataset for almost five hundred bonds from six largest euro area sovereign bond markets. The created variables were used in a cross-sectional regression model. The results revealed that characteristics of sovereign bonds are indeed highly linked with bond liquidity levels, and these effects become even stronger during the regimes of lower market liquidity. Contrary to the statements of market participants and findings of many other studies, the magnitude of trading automation and obligatory requirements imposed on dealers were found to be negatively linked with the liquidity level of sovereign bonds.
Organizational Level Factors of Knowledge Worker-Workplace Fit: Identifying the Key Drivers
Authors: Gaižauskienė Laura , Tunčikienė Živilė 
Published: January 2019

Abstract Nowadays there is bigger than ever mismatch between knowledge worker competencies and workplace requirements. In order to ensure a fit between these two elements, the concept of fit needs to be analysed from a different temporal perspective as well as different levels of the organization. The factors which affect the fit are identified using micro strategic human management system lens and two-periodical time division of time. When the fit is interpreted as the dynamic phenomenon, then it becomes the factor by itself to ensure organization level dynamic capabilities. The purpose of this article is to identify factors of knowledge worker-workplace fit. The methods used to reach the goal were analysed and synthesis of scientific literature were made.
Nomenclature and terminology for dendrimers with regular dendrons and for hyperbranched polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2017)
Authors: Fradet Alain , Chen Jiazhong , Hellwich Karl-Heinz , Horie Kazuyuki , Kahovec Jaroslav , Mormann Werner , Stepto Robert F. T. , Vohlídal Jiří , Wilks Edward S. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The present document provides recommendations for (i) definitions of terms related to dendrimers with regular dendrons and to hyperbranched polymers, and (ii) nomenclature for naming these complex compounds on the basis of structure-based nomenclature for regular and irregular organic polymers, including adjustments required for specifying dendritic and hyperbranched macromolecular structures. The recommendations and the examples deal with organic-chemical structures only. Nevertheless, the general principles described in this document can similarly be applied to inorganic and to hybrid inorganic-organic dendrimers and hyperbranched macromolecules.
Rank correlation between centrality metrics in complex networks: an empirical study
Authors: Shao Chengcheng , Cui Pengshuai , Xun Peng , Peng Yuxing , Jiang Xinwen 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Centrality is widely used to measure which nodes are important in a network. In recent decades, numerous metrics have been proposed with varying computation complexity. To test the idea that approximating a high-complexity metric by a low-complexity metric, researchers have studied the correlation between them. However, these works are based on Pearson correlation which is sensitive to the data distribution. Intuitively, a centrality metric is a ranking of nodes (or edges). It would be more reasonable to use rank correlation to do the measurement. In this paper, we use degree, a low-complexity metric, as the base to approximate three other metrics: closeness, betweenness, and eigenvector. We first demonstrate that rank correlation performs better than the Pearson one in scale-free networks. Then we study the correlation between centrality metrics in real networks, and find that the betweenness occupies the highest coefficient, closeness is at the middle level, and eigenvector fluctuates dramatically. At last, we evaluate the performance of using top degree nodes to approximate three other metrics in the real networks. We find that the intersection ratio of betweenness is the highest, and closeness and eigenvector follows; most often, the largest degree nodes could approximate largest betweenness and closeness nodes, but not the largest eigenvector nodes.