bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pair correlation functions and limiting distributions of iterated cluster point processes
Authors: Møller Jesper , Christoffersen Andreas D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe consider a Markov chain of point processes such that each state is a superposition of an independent cluster process with the previous state as its centre process together with some independent noise process and a thinned version of the previous state. The model extends earlier work by Felsenstein (1975) and Shimatani (2010) describing a reproducing population. We discuss when closed-form expressions of the first- and second-order moments are available for a given state. In a special case it is known that the pair correlation function for these type of point processes converges as the Markov chain progresses, but it has not been shown whether the Markov chain has an equilibrium distribution with this, particular, pair correlation function and how it may be constructed. Assuming the same reproducing system, we construct an equilibrium distribution by a coupling argument.
Stochastic LU factorizations, Darboux transformations and urn models
Authors: Grünbaum F. Alberto , de la Iglesia Manuel D. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
We consider upper‒lower (UL) (and lower‒upper (LU)) factorizations of the one-step transition probability matrix of a random walk with the state space of nonnegative integers, with the condition that both upper and lower triangular matrices in the factorization are also stochastic matrices. We provide conditions on the free parameter of the UL factorization in terms of certain continued fractions such that this stochastic factorization is possible. By inverting the order of the factors (also known as a Darboux transformation) we obtain a new family of random walks where it is possible to state the spectral measures in terms of a Geronimus transformation. We repeat this for the LU factorization but without a free parameter. Finally, we apply our results in two examples; the random walk with constant transition probabilities, and the random walk generated by the Jacobi orthogonal polynomials. In both situations we obtain urn models associated with all the random walks in question.
Wavelength dependence of laser plasma interaction related to shock ignition approach
Authors: Pisarczyk T. , Gus'kov S.Yu. , Dudzak R. , Renner O. , Batani D. , Chodukowski T. , Rusiniak Z. , Dostal J. , Demchenko N.N. , Rosinski M. , Parys P. , Smid M. , Korneev Ph. , Krousky E. , Borodziuk S. , Badziak J. , Antonelli L. , Gizzi L. , Cristoforetti G. , Koester P. , Maheut Y. , Volpe L. , Baffigi F. , Levato T. , Skala J. , Zaras-Szydlowska A. , Trela J. , Mancelli D. , Ullschmied J. , Pfeifer M. , Juha L. , Krus M. , Hrebicek J. , Medrik T. , Jungwirth K. , Krupka M. , Pisarczyk P. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a summary of recent research connected with the shock ignition (SI) concept of the inertial confinement fusion which was carried out at PALS. In the experiments, Cu planar targets coated with a thin CH layer were used. Two-beam irradiation experiment was applied to investigate the effect of preliminary produced plasma to shock-wave generation. The 1ω or 3ω main beam with a high intensity >1015W/cm2generates shock wave, while the other 1ω beam with the intensity below 1014W/cm2creates CH pre-plasma simulating the pre-compressed plasma related to SI. Influence of laser wavelength on absorbed energy transfer to shock wave was studied by means of femtosecond interferometry and measuring the crater volume. To characterize the hot electron and ion emission, two-dimensional (2D) Kα-imaging of Cu plasma and grid collector measurements were used. In single 1ω beam experiments energy transport by fast electrons produced by resonant absorption made a significant contribution to shock-wave pressure. However, two-beam experiments with 1ω main beam show that the pre-plasma is strongly degrading the scalelength which leads to decreasing the fast electron energy contribution to shock pressure. In both the single 3ω beam experiments and the two-beam experiments with the 3ω main beam, do not show any clear influence of fast electron transport on shock-wave pressure. The non-monotonic behavior of the scalelength at changing the laser beam focal radius in both presence and absence of pre-plasma reflects the competition of plasma motion and electron heat conduction under the conditions of one-dimensional and 2D plasma expansion at large and small focal radii, respectively.
Trends in and correlations between antibiotic consumption and resistance of Staphylococcus aureus at a tertiary hospital in China before and after introduction of an antimicrobial stewardship programme
Authors: Zhang Di , Cui Kai , Wang Taotao , Dong Haiyan , Feng Weiyi , Ma Chen , Dong Yalin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe overuse of antibiotics and the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance prompted the launch of an antimicrobial stewardship programme in 2011. This study aimed to investigate the trends and correlations between antibiotic consumption and resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary hospital of northwest China from 2010 to 2016. Trends were analysed by linear regression, and correlations were assessed by an autoregressive integrated moving average model. The total consumption of antibiotics halved during the 7-year study period, while the rates of resistance of S. aureus decreased significantly or remained stable; methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) declined markedly, from 73.3% at the beginning of the study to 41.4% by the end. This latter decrease was significantly correlated with the consumption of several classes of antibiotics. In conclusion, reduction in antibiotic use impacted significantly on resistance rates and contributed to a decline in MRSA prevalence.
Community-based care of children affected by AIDS in Swaziland: a gender-aware analysis
Authors: Brear Michelle R. , Shabangu Pinky N. , Hammarberg Karin , Fisher Jane , Keleher Helen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundCare of children affected by AIDS in Swaziland is predominately provided by families, with support from ‘community-based responses’. This approach is consistent with United Nations International Children’s Fund’s (UNICEF) framework for the protection, care and support of children affected by AIDS. However, the framework relies heavily on voluntary caregiving which is highly gendered. It pays limited attention to caregivers’ well-being or sustainable community development which enables more effective caregiving. As a result, the framework is incompatible with the social justice principles of primary health care, and the sustainable development goals (SDGs).AimOur aim was to examine the effects and gender dimensions of providing voluntary, community-based, care-related labour for children affected by AIDS.MethodsWe conducted multiple-methods research involving an ethnography and participatory health research, in a rural Swazi community. We analysed data related to community-based responses using an abductive, mixed-methods technique, informed by the capabilities approach to human development and a gender analysis framework.FindingsTwo community-based responses, ‘neighbourhood care points’ (facilities that provide children meals) and the ‘lihlombe lekukhalela’ (child protector) program were being implemented. The unpaid women workers at neighbourhood care points reported working in challenging conditions (eg, lacking labour-saving technologies), insufficient and diminishing material support (eg, no food), and receiving limited support from the broader community. Child protectors indicated their effectiveness was limited by lack of social power, relative to the perpetrators of child abuse. The results indicate that support for community-based responses will be enhanced by acknowledging and addressing the highly gendered nature of care-related labour and social power, and that increasing access to material resources including food, caregiver stipends and labour-saving technologies, is essential. These strategies will simultaneously contribute to the social and economic development of communities central to primary health care, and achieving the poverty, hunger, gender and work-related SDGs.
Group Therapy for Patients with Adjustment Disorder in Primary Care
Authors: Sanz Cruces José Manuel , García Cuenca Isabel María , Lacomba-Trejo Laura , Cuquerella Adell Miguel Ángel , Cano Navarro Isabel , Ferrandis Cortés María , Jordá Carreres Eva , Carbajo Álvarez Eva 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA high percentage of patients have a diagnosis of adjustment disorder (AD) when they arrive at primary care (PC) appointments. However, most of them do not receive adequate psychological treatment. The present study’s aim is to determine the efficacy of a group psychological treatment program in patients with AD. The sample consisted of patients with AD from two PC units in Valencia, from which two groups were randomly generated: A treatment group (n = 31) and a waiting-list group (n = 20), homogeneous in terms of socio-demographic and psychometric variables prior to treatment. Treatment consisted of eight one-hour group sessions held on a weekly basis; taking a cognitive-behavioral approach, they addressed aspects like controlling anxiety, cognitive restructuring, and coping techniques. The variables analyzed were: Psychopathology (Revised Symptom Inventory, SCL–90–R), health-related quality of life (Health Questionnaire, SF–12), and risk of suicidal behavior (Suicide Risk Scale). Means comparisons, ANCOVAs, and tests of effect size were performed. Statistically significant differences were observed in the variables, such that after intervention, the experimental group exhibited less anxious (F = 4.11, p =.048, η2 = .08) and depressive symptoms (F = 2.41, p =.029, η 2= .10) and higher quality of life related to physical (F = 7.17, p =.010, η2 = .13) and emotional health (F = 10.31, p =.002, η2 = .18). For the reasons above, we conclude that a comprehensive approach to emotional distress in PC, including group psychological interventions, is one solution for the demand for social services, and could provide savings on economic as well as human costs.
Erfolgssicherheit und -gewissheit (ESG)
Authors: Breidebach Guido , Gruber Nicole 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung. Der thematische Apperzeptionstest (TAT; Heckhausen, 1963 ) ist ein bewährtes Verfahren zur Erfassung des impliziten Leistungsmotives. Dabei werden Personen instruiert, zu 6 Bildern Geschichten zu erfinden, welche dann anhand eines spezifischen Kodierschlüssels hinsichtlich der beiden Motivkomponenten Hoffen auf Erfolg und Furcht vor Misserfolg analysiert werden. Die Güte des Verfahrens hängt somit essentiell vom Auswertungskategoriensystem ab. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Erweiterung des Kodierschlüssels von Heckhausen um die Kategorie Erfolgssicherheit und -gewissheit (ESG) und deren Überprüfung. Die Auswertungsobjektivität, Test-Retest-Reliabilität (Delay: 4 Wochen) und die interne Konsistenz des Verfahrens wurden jeweils mit und ohne Berücksichtigung von ESG erfasst. Diskriminante und konvergente Validität sind durch Übereinstimmung mit konstruktnahen und -fernen Verfahren sowie faktorielle Validität mittels CFA an N = 215 Schülerinnen und Schüler ermittelt worden. Zur Prüfung der experimentellen Validität fand eine gezielte Motivanregung an N = 130 Schülerinnen und Schülern statt. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass durch ESG die Gütekriterien des TAT gesteigert werden können.
Control of Ocean Temperature on Jakobshavn Isbræ's Present and Future Mass Loss
Authors: Bondzio Johannes H. , Morlighem Mathieu , Seroussi Hélène , Wood Michael H. , Mouginot Jérémie 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLarge uncertainties in model parameterizations and input data sets make projections of future sea level rise contributions of outlet glaciers challenging. Here we introduce a novel technique for weighing large ensemble model simulations that uses information of key observables. The approach is robust to input errors and yields calibrated means and error estimates of a glacier's mass balance. We apply the technique to Jakobshavn Isbræ, using a model that includes a dynamic calving law, and closely reproduce the observed behavior from 1985 to 2018 by forcing the model with ocean temperatures only. Our calibrated projection suggests that the glacier will continue to retreat and contribute about 5.1 mm to eustatic sea level rise by 2100 under present‐day climatic forcing. Our analysis shows that the glacier's future evolution will strongly depend on the ambient oceanic setting.
Energy Conversion by Parallel Electric Fields During Guide Field Reconnection in Scaled Laboratory and Space Experiments
Authors: Fox W. , Wilder F. D. , Eriksson S. , Jara‐Almonte J. , Pucci F. , Yoo J. , Ji H. , Yamada M. , Ergun R. E. , Oieroset M. , Phan T. D. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe present direct and scaled comparisons between laboratory and in situ space observations of magnetic reconnection with a guide field, comparing results from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission and the Magnetic Reconnection eXperiment (MRX). While Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission observations obtain high‐resolution and fully kinetic data, MRX observations fully cover the 2‐D reconnection plane near the current sheet, removing uncertainties in situating the measurements compared to the reconnection region. Through scaling transformations, we show a quantitative agreement in magnetic field and current density profiles, which agree within a factor of 2 from each other. The introduction of the guide field causes the energy conversion J·E in the current sheet to be dominated by J||E|| in both cases. However, parallel electric fields reported by recent spacecraft crossings are significantly (5–10 times) larger than values obtained on MRX, highlighting an important issue for understanding energy conversion by reconnection.
Short‐Time Geodetic Determination of Aquifer Storage Coefficient in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Kuan‐Hung , Hwang Cheinway , Chang Liang‐Cheng , Ke Chien‐Chung 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSpecific yield (Sy) and specific storage (Ss) are two hydrogeological parameters often estimated in a costly pumping test (hydraulic method). Pumping or a natural aquifer recession can cause gravity change and surface deformation, useful for Sy and Ss determination by the more economic geodetic method. From 2013 to 2017, over a few days we measured gravity changes at four sites and subsidence at one site in Taiwan by a FG5 gravimeter and a precision level to estimate Sy and Ss. Using short‐time gravity and level records avoids complicated logistic supports and temporal effects. The measured gravity changes are associated with the MODFLOW‐modeled groundwater depletion. We succeeded in estimating Sy at two sites and failed at the other two. One successful case uses rapid postrain declines of gravity and groundwater level. We did leveling only at one site, but here the 500‐min, continuous, submillimeter subsidence records result in a Ss consistent with the hydraulic result. Lessons on the failed cases of Sy are suggested to avoid disrupting factors in gravity surveys. A semiautomatic leveling procedure is proposed to maximize the chance for Ss determination. Our simulations show that gravity changes increase with Sy and decrease with initial hydraulic head and horizontal gravimeter‐pumping well distance, helping to predict if the gravity‐based method works at a site and to best plan a gravity survey. Drilling data show that the Sy values from the hydraulic and geodetic methods represent aquifer storage coefficients over different aquifer layers.
Long Wave Generation Induced by Differences in the Wave‐Group Structure
Authors: Padilla Enrique M. , Alsina Jose M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe propagation of bichromatic wave groups with differences in the wave‐group structure and its influence in long‐wave generation are investigated. The wave‐group structure is controlled by the number of wave groups (Ng) within a repetition period. Consequently, an important energy content is measured at lower frequencies than the group frequency fg, in particular, at the repetition frequency fr. The cross‐shore evolution of the energy at fr is partly explained by nonlinear energy transfers from the primary frequencies and partly by a breakpoint forcing. When Ng increases, the energy transfer to fr during wave group shoaling reduces. When Ng≥3, the amplitude of fr suddenly grows at the breakpoint displaying a node‐antinode pattern within the surf zone. In this case, the observed dominance of the breakpoint forcing over the energy transfers is justified by the combination of steep‐slope regime and steep‐wave conditions. The resultant cross‐shore structure is in agreement with the Symonds et al. (1982, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC087iC01p00492) mechanism. A new methodology is proposed to identify the amplitude and phase cross‐shore evolution of the radiated and reflected components. Due to energy dissipation of short waves and long waves at fg, the swash zone motion can be dominated by wave motions occurring at fr.
Characteristics of Sundowner Winds Near Santa Barbara, CA, From a Dynamically Downscaled Climatology: Environment and Effects Aloft and Offshore
Authors: Smith Craig , Hatchett Benjamin , Kaplan Michael 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe use an 11‐year numerically downscaled climatology to diagnose various characteristics of downslope windstorms known as Sundowners that occur along the Central California coast. At the surface, Sundowners are manifested as strong northerly winds along the southern slopes of the east‐west trending Santa Ynez Mountains that are part of a lee slope jet forced by internal gravity wave breaking aloft. Our analysis shows that barotropic shallow water interfacial waves along an elevated inversion do not play any significant part in Sundowner dynamics. The mountain wave is forced on a diurnal basis by the synoptically driven strong jet of north‐northwesterly winds located just offshore, which propagates into and through the Santa Ynez Valley. The occurrence of Sundowners is associated with a transcritical transition of the barotropic shallow water mode of the marine boundary layer around the Southern California Bight. The strength and presence of the alongshore jet are of primary importance in determining upstream profiles of wind speed and static stability and thus the magnitude and location of most Sundowner events. This is especially true for the relatively common and mild Gaviota‐type events that frequently occur during spring in the western part of the range. We show that in a general sense, there is no distinct eastern or Montecito type of Sundowner event but rather a continuum of Sundowners based on wind direction upstream near ridgetop height. Montecito‐type events tend to occur in conjunction with internal gravity wave breaking over the upstream San Rafael range that enhances mountain wave activity near Montecito.
Treatment patterns and adherence to antihypertensive combination therapies in Japan using a claims database
Authors: Ishida Takayuki , Oh Akinori , Hiroi Shinzo , Shimasaki Yukio , Nishigaki Nobuhiro , Tsuchihashi Takuya 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFixed-dose combinations (FDCs) for blood pressure control can simplify prescribing, improve medication adherence, and be cost-effective. In Japan, real-world data about the class effects of antihypertensive drugs on medication adherence are limited. Using the nationwide database of medical health claims from Diagnosis Procedure Combination hospitals, treatment patterns and adherence were analyzed for 47,891 patients prescribed antihypertensive medication between April 2014 and March 2015. Adherence was assessed by the proportion of days covered (expressed as % PDC). Patients were prescribed a mean of 2.0 ± 1.0 antihypertensive drugs and 2.4 ± 1.7 pills for their index prescription. Mean adherence overall was 91.5% PDC and was inversely correlated with the number of antihypertensive drugs or pills prescribed on the index date. Mean % PDC was significantly higher (all P < 0.0001) for CCB + ARB versus ARB + thiazide diuretic combinations and for CCB + ARB + β-blocker versus CCB + ARB + thiazide diuretic combinations. Adherence was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) for FDC (CCB + ARB) versus corresponding single-drug combinations, but not for other comparisons of FDCs versus single-drug combinations. On the other hand, FDCs were not always used effectively; specifically, FDCs were frequently used concomitantly with a single agent(s) from the same drug class(es) as the FDC. From the results of our study, no clear differences were observed in medication adherence according to the presence or absence of FDC formulations, and there were cases in which FDCs were not being utilized effectively to simplify prescribing.
Chromatin conformation analysis of primary patient tissue using a low input Hi-C method
Authors: Díaz Noelia , Kruse Kai , Erdmann Tabea , Staiger Annette M. , Ott German , Lenz Georg , Vaquerizas Juan M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChromatin conformation constitutes a fundamental level of eukaryotic genome regulation. However, our ability to examine its biological function and role in disease is limited by the large amounts of starting material required to perform current experimental approaches. Here, we present Low-C, a Hi-C method for low amounts of input material. By systematically comparing Hi-C libraries made with decreasing amounts of starting material we show that Low-C is highly reproducible and robust to experimental noise. To demonstrate the suitability of Low-C to analyse rare cell populations, we produce Low-C maps from primary B-cells of a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patient. We detect a common reciprocal translocation t(3;14)(q27;q32) affecting the BCL6 and IGH loci and abundant local structural variation between the patient and healthy B-cells. The ability to study chromatin conformation in primary tissue will be fundamental to fully understand the molecular pathogenesis of diseases and to eventually guide personalised therapeutic strategies.
Alleles of a gene differ in pleiotropy, often mediated through currency metabolite production, in E. coli and yeast metabolic simulations
Authors: Alzoubi Deya , Desouki Abdelmoneim Amer , Lercher Martin J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA major obstacle to the mapping of genotype-phenotype relationships is pleiotropy, the tendency of mutations to affect seemingly unrelated traits. Pleiotropy has major implications for evolution, development, ageing, and disease. Except for disease data, pleiotropy is almost exclusively estimated from full gene knockouts. However, most deleterious alleles segregating in natural populations do not fully abolish gene function, and the degree to which a polymorphism reduces protein function may influence the number of traits it affects. Utilizing genome-scale metabolic models for Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we show that most fitness-reducing full gene knockouts of metabolic genes in these fast-growing microbes have pleiotropic effects, i.e., they compromise the production of multiple biomass components. Alleles of the same metabolic enzyme-encoding gene with increasingly reduced enzymatic function typically affect an increasing number of biomass components. This increasing pleiotropy is often mediated through effects on the generation of currency metabolites such as ATP or NADPH. We conclude that the physiological effects observed in full gene knockouts of metabolic genes will in most cases not be representative for alleles with only partially reduced enzyme capacity or expression level.