bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical high risk for psychosis: The effects of labelling on public stigma in a undergraduate population
Authors: Parrish Emma M. , Kim Nancy S. , Woodberry Kristen A. , Friedman‐Yakoobian Michelle 
Published: June 2018

AimSchizophrenia is a highly stigmatized disorder. Identification of youth at high risk for psychosis has the potential for improved outcomes. However, identifying youth at risk could subject them to increased public stigma. Using an experimental vignette design, this study examined relative levels of public stigma elicited by the labels “schizophrenia,” “clinical high risk (CHR),” “attenuated psychotic symptoms syndrome (APSS),” a label implying normative adolescent development (“a bad breakup”), and a no‐label control condition.MethodsNinety‐six undergraduates (age: 18.8 + 1.1, range: 18‐22) read a vignette describing an adolescent experiencing symptoms typical of CHR for psychosis. The vignette label (APSS, CHR, schizophrenia, a bad breakup or no label) was counterbalanced between participants. Participants answered questions assessing stigma toward the individual and their prior knowledge of and familiarity with psychosis.ResultsOverall stigma did not differ across conditions. Only ratings of personal responsibility were higher for the breakup label than the schizophrenia label (P < .05). More prior knowledge about, and higher familiarity with, psychotic symptoms predicted lower overall stigma.ConclusionWe did not find that schizophrenia, CHR or APSS labels elicited elevated stigma in this sample relative to the control labels. This may reflect relatively low levels of mental health stigma in the group studied, a new finding inconsistent with earlier work. Greater levels of knowledge about and familiarity with psychosis were associated with lower stigma. These findings reinforce the potential for mental health awareness campaigns to reduce stigma but also raise questions about factors contributing to lower rates of stigma.
Hereditary amyloidosis related to transthyretin V30M: disease progression in treated and untreated patients
Authors: Conceição I. , Miranda B. , Castro J. , de Carvalho M. 
Published: June 2018

Background and purposeHereditary amyloidosis related to transthyretin V30M (hATTR V30M) is a progressive length‐dependent sensorimotor axonal neuropathy. We aimed to compare the disease progression of treated [liver transplantation (LT) or tafamidis] versus untreated patients with hATTR V30M.MethodsA total of 81 patients with hATTR V30M were included: 27 untreated, 25 treated with LT and 29 undergoing tafamidis treatment. Neuropathy was assessed at baseline, 12, 24 and 36 months after study entry. We evaluated disease stage, modified polyneuropathy disability (mPND) score and a composite neurophysiological score comprised of sensory and motor conduction parameters. The effect of treatment on disease progression was analysed using linear mixed‐effects modelling.ResultsAt baseline, patients from the untreated group were older (P < 0.01) and those in the LT group had longer disease duration than those in the tafamidis group (P < 0.05). Gender, mPND and motor scores at study entry were equal in the three groups; however, the untreated group had lower sensory scores compared with the tafamidis group (P < 0.01). During the 3‐year follow‐up period, progression to stage II of the disease was seen only in the untreated group. The progression on mPND, sensory and motor scores was significantly higher in the untreated patients. When treated groups were compared, the LT group had lower rates of composite neurophysiological score progression. However, the sensory score outcome was similar between tafamidis responders and LT patients.ConclusionBoth LT and tafamidis therapy modified the natural history of hATTR V30M by reducing neuropathy progression.
Mild electrical stimulation with heat shock reduces inflammatory symptoms in the imiquimod‐induced psoriasis mouse model
Authors: Tsurekawa Yu , Morita Misaki , Suico Mary Ann , Moriuchi Masataka , Nakano Yoshio , Piruzyan Mariam , Takada Masafumi , Fukami Sanako , Shuto Tsuyoshi , Kai Hirofumi 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic skin disease caused by immune disorder. The chronic skin inflammation involves inflammatory molecules that are released from T lymphocytes and keratinocytes. Therefore, developing an anti‐inflammatory therapy that is suitable for long‐term treatment is needed. Electrical stimulation induces biological responses by modulating intracellular signaling pathways. Our previous studies showed that the optimized combination treatment of mild electrical stimulation (MES, 0.1‐millisecond; ms, 55‐pulses per second; pps) and heat shock (HS, 42°C) modulates inflammatory symptoms of metabolic disorders and chronic kidney disease in mice models and clinical trials. Here, we investigated the effect of MES+HS treatment on imiquimod‐induced psoriasis mouse model. Topical application of imiquimod cream (15 mg) to mice ear induced keratinocyte hyperproliferation and psoriasis‐like inflammation. In MES+HS‐treated mice, imiquimod‐induced skin hyperplasia was significantly decreased. MES+HS treatment reduced the protein expression of IL‐17A and the infiltration of CD3‐positive cells in lesioned skin. In addition, MES+HS‐treated mice had decreased mRNA expression level of antimicrobial molecules (S100A8 and Reg3γ) which aggravate psoriasis. In IL‐17A‐stimulated HaCaT cells, MES+HS treatment significantly lowered the mRNA expression of aggravation markers (S100A8, S100A9 and β‐defensin2). Taken together, our study suggested that MES+HS treatment improves the pathology of psoriasis via decreasing the expression of inflammatory molecules.
Requirements‐based approach for the diagnostic systems design process
Authors: Amarowicz Marcin 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe process of effective diagnosis of the technical state of an object is an essential task related to its utilization. For this purpose, appropriately developed diagnostic systems are used. However, the process of their elaboration is very difficult because it is necessary to consider very wide domain knowledge during this process—for example, information about the object's structure, possible faults, results of risk analysis, and available diagnostic methods. Generally, in the literature, there are no adequate methods for the purpose of designing diagnostic systems. In this article, a new design approach for this purpose is proposed. It is based on some elements of requirement engineering and the selected methods of artificial intelligence. The main assumptions of the proposed design approach rely on the use of sets of requirements to describe the expected functionalities of the diagnostic system. Each of the requirements is connected with proper faults that may occur during the operation of the considered object, is described by a set of attributes, and implies the partial solution of the diagnostic system. A gathered set of requirements is evaluated using the expert system, such as the inference process in Bayesian networks. The structure of these networks depends on the obtained notation of the requirements. As a result of an evaluation of the set of requirements, based on the data that describe the considered object and the assumed criteria that describe the limitations, a subset of requirements that describe the optimal solution of the diagnostic system is isolated.
Hydroa vacciniforme‐like lymphoproliferative disorder in an elderly Chinese patient and a literature review of adult cases
Authors: Long Valencia , Liang Michelle W. , Tan Suat Hoon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHydroa vaccinforme‐like lymphoproliferative disorder (HVLPD) is a rare T‐cell lymphoproliferative disorder driven by the Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV). It was initially designated under the 2008 WHO classification of tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues as a distinct entity but has been recently reclassified as a lymphoproliferative disorder under the 2016 revision of the 2008 WHO classification of lymphoid malignancies. HVLPD mainly affects Asian, Central, and South American children. It is rarely seen in adults. Although HVLPD may initially be limited to cutaneous involvement and run an indolent course, some patients may develop a rapidly aggressive course. We report a case of an elderly Chinese man with cutaneous‐limited disease and a favorable course. A review of adult cases of HVLPD published in the English literature, with comparison to our case, is also presented in this paper.
Influence of semolina replacement with salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) powder on the physicochemical attributes of fresh pasta
Authors: Desai Ajay S. , Brennan Margaret A. , Brennan Charles S. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThis study evaluated the influence of the incorporation of salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) fish powder (SFP) into pasta production and the effect on pasta physicochemical attributes. Four replacement levels were tested (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) together with a control pasta (100% semolina). The effects on the chemical composition, physical properties (optimal cooking time, cooking loss, water absorption index, swelling index and colour and textural properties (firmness and extensibility) were analysed. The results demonstrated that pasta with SFP had increased protein (12.88–23.40%), lipid (0.46–7.20%), ash (0.39–0.57%) and energy (122.26–161.08 kcal) contents (P < 0.05), increased cooking time (6.30–8.30 min) and cooking loss (4.28–8.02%) compared with semolina control pasta. However, all pasta samples were in the acceptable range (8 g/100 g) for cooking loss. The addition of SFP resulted in significantly decreased swelling index (2.29–1.95), water absorption (105.46–81.62%) and firmness (3.13–1.16 N) (P < 0.05) whilst increasing resistance to uniaxial extension of pasta. Colour parameters indicated comparable brightness between the samples and higher redness values for enriched pasta. Thus, pasta fortified with SFP has the potential to be a technological alternative for the food industry to provide protein‐enriched pasta.
Automated nucleated red blood cell count using the Mindray BC‐6800 hematology analyzer
Authors: Houyhongthong V. , Nunphuak W. , Sripatumtong C. , Parnsamut C. , Ketloy C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIntroductionIn current laboratory practice, obtaining a nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count by manual microscopy (MM) is a laborious and time‐consuming process. Modern hematology analyzers based on different technologies and methods have variable accuracies when determining NRBC counts. The aim of this study was to compare NRBC counts acquired by an automated Mindray BC‐6800 analyzer (BC‐6800), a flow cytometry (FC) reference method, and traditional MM.MethodsA hundred EDTA samples with initial NRBC flags from the BC‐6800 were included. FC was used as a reference method to correlate the NRBC count with BC‐6800 and MM counts. In addition, the performance of the Mindray SC‐120 analyzer for preparing automated blood films for manual NRBC counting was compared to that of manually prepared blood films.ResultsThe NRBC counts obtained with the BC‐6800 and MM vs the reference method were highly correlated (r = .994 and .989, respectively). However, the BC‐6800 showed a lower bias than MM when compared with FC (0.3 × 109/L and −6.0 × 109/L, respectively). NRBC counts obtained using the automated Mindray SC‐120 films were comparable to manually prepared films.ConclusionThe Mindray CAL8000 automated hematology system, which is composed of the BC‐6800 and the SC‐120, yields a precise NRBC count and can replace the traditional MM method for obtaining accurate and reproducible NRBC counts in high‐value samples, such as patient monitoring samples used to determine the necessity of transfusion therapy in thalassemia patients. Moreover, this method offers several advantages, including a faster turnaround time, labor savings, and cost effectiveness.
Should we be testing for urogenital Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in men and women? – a position statement from the European STI Guidelines Editorial Board
Authors: Horner P. , Donders G. , Cusini M. , Gomberg M. , Jensen J.S. , Unemo M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAt present, we have no evidence that we are doing more good than harm detecting and subsequently treating Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum colonizations/infections. Consequently, routine testing and treatment of asymptomatic or symptomatic men and women for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum are not recommended. Asymptomatic carriage of these bacteria is common, and the majority of individuals do not develop any disease. Although U. urealyticum has been associated with urethritis in men, it is probably not causal unless a high load is present (likely carriage in 40–80% of detected cases). The extensive testing, detection and subsequent antimicrobial treatment of these bacteria performed in some settings may result in the selection of antimicrobial resistance, in these bacteria, ‘true’ STI agents, as well as in the general microbiota, and substantial economic cost for society and individuals, particularly women. The commercialization of many particularly multiplex PCR assays detecting traditional non‐viral STIs together with M. hominis, U. parvum and/or U. urealyticum has worsened this situation. Thus, routine screening of asymptomatic men and women or routine testing of symptomatic individuals for M. hominis, U. urealyticum and U. parvum is not recommended. If testing of men with symptomatic urethritis is undertaken, traditional STI urethritis agents such as Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, M. genitalium and, in settings where relevant, Trichomonas vaginalis should be excluded prior to U. urealyticum testing and quantitative species‐specific molecular diagnostic tests should be used. Only men with high U. urealyticum load should be considered for treatment; however, appropriate evidence for effective treatment regimens is lacking. In symptomatic women, bacterial vaginosis (BV) should always be tested for and treated if detected.
Statins: a role in breast cancer therapy?
Authors: Borgquist S. , Bjarnadottir O. , Kimbung S. , Ahern T. P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStatin drugs have been used for more than two decades to treat hypercholesterolemia and as cardio‐preventive drugs, resulting in a marked decrease in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. Statins halt hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting the rate‐limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway, hydroxymethylglutaryl‐coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR). The mevalonate pathway regulates a host of biochemical processes in addition to cholesterol production. Attenuation of these pathways is likely responsible for the myriad benefits of statin therapy beyond cholesterol reduction – the so‐called pleiotropic effects of statins. Chief amongst these purported effects is anti‐cancer activity. A considerable body of preclinical, epidemiologic and clinical evidence shows that statins impair proliferation of breast cancer cells and reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Potential mechanisms for this effect have been explored in laboratory models, but remain poorly understood and require further investigation. The number of clinical trials assessing the putative clinical benefit of statins in breast cancer is increasing. Currently, a total of 30 breast cancer/statin trials are listed at the global trial identifier website clinicaltrials.gov. Given the compelling evidence from performed trials in a variety of clinical settings, there have been calls for a clinical trial of statins in the adjuvant breast cancer setting. It would be imperative for such a trial to incorporate tumour biomarkers predictive of statin response in its design and analysis plan. Ongoing translational clinical trials aimed at biomarker discovery will help identify, which breast cancer patients are most likely to benefit from adjuvant statin therapy, and will add valuable clinical knowledge to the field.
Daily Associations Between Kissing and Affect During the Transition From Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Lefkowitz Eva S. , Wesche Rose , Picci Giorgia , Hochgraf Anna K. 
Published: June 2018

Kissing during late adolescence and the transition to adulthood is prevalent, relatively frequent, and distinct from many sexual behaviors in that it affords positive consequences with minimal risk. In this study, we examined within‐person associations between kissing and day‐to‐day variation in affect. A racially/ethnically diverse sample of college students (N = 560; 54.1% female) completed up to 14 daily surveys for seven consecutive semesters. On days when students kissed, they reported more positive and less negative affect than on other days, after controlling for a number of known correlates. Findings differed at the semester‐ and person levels. Findings contribute to a normative developmental understanding of sexual behaviors during adolescence and the transition to adulthood.
Meaning in Life Moderates the Relationship Between Sacred Loss/Desecration and Health
Authors: Krause Neal , Pargament Kenneth I. , Ironson Gail 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAccording to sanctification theory, religious people tend to imbue certain aspects of their lives with spiritual character and significance. Moreover, they take active steps to preserve and protect sacred aspects of their lives that might be threatened. If they are successful, they derive a deep sense of satisfaction and well‐being. However, when stressful events arise, some individuals are not able to preserve and protect the facets of their lives that they have come to view as sacred. The resulting sacred loss/desecration can be associated with physical and mental health problems. The purpose of the current study is to see if a sense of meaning in life buffers (i.e., moderates) the relationship between sacred loss/desecration and four measures of health: physical functioning, the number of chronic conditions, symptoms of physical illness, and self‐rated health. Data from a recent nationwide survey (N = 2,104–2,107) suggest that the negative relationship between sacred loss/desecration and each health outcome is lower for people who have a stronger sense of meaning in life.
The construction and application of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds
Authors: Elwell‐Cuddy Trevor , Li Miao , KuKanich Butch , Lin Zhoumeng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMethadone is an opioid analgesic in veterinary and human medicine. To help develop appropriate pain management practices and to develop a quantitative model for predicting methadone dosimetry, a flow‐limited multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for methadone in dogs constructed with Berkeley Madonna™ was developed. The model accounts for intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), and oral administrations, and compartmentalizes the body into different components. This model was calibrated from plasma pharmacokinetic data after IV administration of methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds. The calibrated model was evaluated with independent data in both breeds of dogs. One advantage of this model is that most physiological parameter values for Greyhounds were taken directly from the original literature. The developed model simulates available pharmacokinetic data for plasma concentrations well for both breeds. After conducting regression analysis, all simulated datasets produced an R2 > 0.80 when compared to the measured plasma concentrations. Comparative analysis of the dosimetry of methadone between the breeds suggested that Greyhounds had ~50% lower 24‐hr area under the curve (AUC) of plasma or brain concentrations than in Beagles. Furthermore, population analysis was conducted with this study. This model can be used to predict methadone concentrations in multiple dog breeds using breed‐specific parameters.
Male throat colour polymorphism is related to differences in space use and in habitat selection in tree lizards
Authors: Paterson J. E. , Blouin‐Demers G. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHabitat selection is the disproportionate use of some habitats relative to their availability and is used by animals to maximize fitness. Habitat selection has been the dominant framework for predicting the spatial distribution of animals, but different habitat selection strategies can occur within a population when there are physical or behavioural differences between individuals. Colour polymorphism is often linked to differences in other behavioural and morphological traits, and may therefore affect habitat selection strategy. Male ornate tree lizards (Urosaurus ornatus) exhibit a throat colour polymorphism associated with differences in behaviour and in reproductive strategy. Blue‐throated males are dominant and defend home ranges containing several females; orange‐throated males are either nomadic or sedentary and do not defend territories; and yellow‐ or green‐throated males are reproductive parasites that sneak copulations with females. We tested the hypothesis that throat colour in tree lizards affects habitat selection and space use with mark‐recapture data collected from 10 sites in the Chiricahua Mountains of southeastern Arizona, USA. We found that males with green throats moved more than males with blue throats, and that males with orange throats occupied smaller home ranges. Male ornate tree lizards were closer to the highest quality habitat than if their spatial distribution was random, and green‐throated males had a more marked preference for the highest quality habitat than blue‐throated males. We found no difference in the departures of body temperatures from the preferred body temperature range between males of different throat colours. Survival rates were similar for blue‐, green‐ and orange‐throated males. We demonstrated that throat colour polymorphism in ornate tree lizards is related to habitat selection strategy and this may help maintain the colour polymorphism.
Effects of curcumin and melatonin on bone formation in orthopedically expanded suture in rats: A biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Cesur M. G. , Gülle K. , Şirin F. B. , Akpolat M. , Öğrenim G. , Alkan A. , Cesur G. 
Published: June 2018

Structured AbstractObjectsTo investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR) and melatonin (MEL) on new bone formation following rapid maxillary expansion (RME) in rats.Setting and Sample PopulationFor this study, 24 12‐week‐old adult male Wistar albino rats from the Animal Laboratory at Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Medicine, were used.Materials and MethodsThe rats were randomly divided into the following 3 groups (n = 8 each): only expansion (OE), expansion plus MEL (MEL) and expansion plus CUR (CUR). CUR and MEL were given to the rats during the study period. After the sacrifice of the animals, biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed.ResultsSerum bone alkaline phosphatase levels in the MEL group were statistically (P = .007) higher than in the OE group. Serum glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities in the CUR and MEL groups were significantly higher than in the OE group (P = .007 and P = .021, respectively). Inflammatory cell infiltration, new bone formation and capillary intensity parameters did not demonstrate statistically significant differences between the groups (P = .865, P = .067 and P = .055, respectively). The immunohistochemical findings revealed that IL‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐α H scores showed considerable differences between the groups (all P < .001). The highest IL‐1, IL‐6 and TNF‐α H scores were found in the OE groups rather than in the other groups (P < .001).ConclusionCUR and MEL treatments may be effective in accelerating new bone formation and beneficial in preventing relapse following the RME procedures.