bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global or Local Pure Condensible Atmospheres: Importance of Horizontal Latent Heat Transport
Authors: Ding F. , Pierrehumbert R. T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The distribution of a pure condensible planetary atmosphere in equilibrium with a surface reservoir is revisited, employing the energy budget of the climate system and emphasizing the atmospheric horizontal latent heat transport. This configuration is applicable to icy solar system bodies such as Triton, as well as a range of possible exoplanet atmospheres, including water or CO2 iceballs or ocean worlds, and lava planets with mineral vapor atmospheres. Climate regimes for slowly rotating planets with the hotspot near the substellar point and for rapidly rotating planets with a warm equatorial belt are both treated. A nondimensional parameter controlling the fractional variation of the surface pressure is derived; it measures whether the pure condensible atmosphere is global or localized. The global pure condensible atmosphere with the nondimensional parameter much less than order of unity is maintained by the strong horizontal latent heat transport associated with an “evaporation/sublimation-driven flow” from warm to cold places that compensates for the incoming differential radiative forcing. We show that the variation of surface temperature can be estimated in terms of this nondimensional parameter if it is not too large. In the case of a pure water-vapor atmosphere with an ice or liquid surface, we show that the atmosphere is thick enough to maintain nearly isothermal surface conditions even when the substellar surface temperature is around the freezing point. Finally, it is proposed that the evaporation/sublimation-driven flow regime for global atmospheres could be detected via its effect on the inhomogeneous distribution of minor noncondensible components in the atmosphere.
Rings and Gaps in Protoplanetary Disks: Planets or Snowlines?
Authors: van der Marel Nienke , Williams Jonathan P. , Bruderer Simon 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
High-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed that many, if not all, primordial disks consist of ring-like dust structures. The origin of these dust rings remains unclear, but a common explanation is the presence of planetary companions that have cleared gaps along their orbit and trapped the dust at the gap edge. A signature of this scenario is a decrease of gas density inside these gaps. In a recent work, Isella et al. derived drops in gas density that are consistent with Saturn-mass planets inside the gaps in the HD 163296 disk through spatially resolved CO isotopologue observations. However, as CO abundance and temperature depends on a large range of factors, the interpretation of CO emission is non-trivial. We use the physical–chemical code DALI to show that the gas temperature increases inside dust density gaps, implying that any gaps in the gas, if present, would have to be much deeper, consistent with planet masses >M
Jup. Furthermore, we show that a model with increased grain growth at certain radii, as expected at a snowline, can reproduce the dust rings in HD 163296 equally well without the need for companions. This scenario can explain both younger and older disks with observed gaps, as gaps have been seen in systems as young <1 Myr. While the origin of the rings in HD 163296 remains unclear, these modeling results demonstrate that care has to be taken when interpreting CO emission in protoplanetary disk observations.
Injury-Free Children and Adolescents: Towards Better Practice in Swedish Football (FIT project)
Authors: Hausken Solveig , Barker-Ruchti Natalie , Schubring Astrid , Grau Stefan 
Published: October 2018

This interdisciplinary research project will produce evidence-based recommendations on how injuries in Swedish youth football (soccer) can be prevented. Fewer injuries will positively impact athlete health, performance and career longevity and have the potential to promote life-long physical activity and wellbeing.
Injury pattern research demonstrates that injuries are a significant problem in (Swedish) youth sport. Football has a higher traumatic and overuse injury rate than many contact/collision sports (e.g., field hockey, basketball). In research on youth football, the incidence of overuse training injuries was measured as high as 15.4 injuries per 1000 training hours, and the incidence of traumatic and overuse match injuries was 47.5 injuries per 1000 match hours. The injury frequency is alarming and applies to the 54% of children aged 7-14 and the 39% of youths aged 15-19 years who participate in Swedish organised sports. A large body of research identifies injury risk factors and preventative strategies; however, as the recent IOC consensus statement on youth athletic development points out, the existing, mostly bio-medical knowledge does not provide effective evidence-based injury prevention strategies. To address this deficit, interdisciplinary and context-driven knowledge on injury development in youth sport is needed.
The proposed project will produce scientific evidence through four consecutive studies: a) Questionnaire to register the types, frequency and management of injuries; b) Laboratory testing of biomechanical, clinical and training-specific parameters to establish individual physical and sport-specific dispositions; c) Observation of sporting contexts to understand sporting cultures, coaching methods and coach-athlete relationships; and d) Interviews with coaches and players to recognize knowledge that shapes coaching and training. The sample of youth players will be recruited from Sweden’s most popular and injury-prone sport: football. Each of the four studies will conduct its own data production and analyses, and a collective analysis will produce integrated evidence. Concrete recommendations for best sporting practice will be developed, which will serve sporting federations, sport education institutions, coaches, sport support staff and players.
Tous connectés, tous désolés
Authors: Gori Roland 
Published: October 2018

L’auteur, à distance des techno-phobies réactionnaires, analyse les impensés subjectifs, sociaux et politiques des usages des nouvelles technologies numériques. Il montre que l’humain, aujourd’hui, en « mangeant » du numérique, son langage, sa grammaire où la forme et la syntaxe prévalent sur le sens, façonne sa subjectivité. Ce dont témoigne la clinique de nouveaux symptômes. L’addiction à communiquer tend à récuser la place et la fonction de l’Autre. Hyper-connectés mais isolés, l’homme néolibéral se trouve ainsi exposé au risque d’un nouveau totalitarisme.
Écriture et sentiment de la vie : l’enseignement de Samuel Beckett
Authors: Gaudin Denys 
Published: October 2018

Dans les écrits de Beckett, le langage est malmené, érodé, troué. L’écriture relève ici d’un traitement de la langue, traitement visant à y creuser ce qu’il nommait « des abîmes insondables de silence ». Aussi, l’écrivain nous indique que les enjeux de cette pratique ne sont pas seulement d’ordre esthétique. En effet, l’auteur disait écrire « pour respirer », et nous tenterons de prendre la mesure du lien noué entre écriture et fonction vitale. Beckett put témoigner de l’impression d’être « moins vif que mort », de ce qu’avec Lacan nous nommerons une perturbation « du sentiment de la vie », et nous interrogerons en quoi l’écriture put permettre de remédier à cette perturbation, en quoi son travail lui permit de parer au sentiment d’une extinction.
Démocratie, adolescence et djihadisme
Authors: Mazabraud Bertrand 
Published: October 2018

Plutôt que d’enfermer et de « déradicaliser » les jeunes djihadistes, il faut entendre la question de confiance qu’ils posent à la démocratie. Dans le vide du pouvoir de la démocratie, l’adolescence est ce temps de crise où l’individu doit se produire lui-même. Il peut être séduit par l’imaginaire totalitaire du djihadisme et sa promesse d’une communauté.
Entre droit privé réglementaire et droit privé fondé sur l’autonomie
Authors: Dagan Hanoch 
Published: October 2018

Le Droit privé réglementaire européen (ERPL) émergent peut être interprété comme étant un ensemble d’instruments mis au service d’objectifs collectifs et donc comme étant le signe d’une rupture radicale du droit privé de l’Union européenne; mais cela n’est pas nécessaire. Le présent article propose une interprétation alternative des trois piliers fondateurs de l’ERPL que sont son recours à la notion d’autonomie réglementée, son soutien à la justice de l’accès en tant que fondement normatif et sa critique de la distinction public/privé en tant qu’elle se réfère au droit de l’Union européenne. L’ERPL, dans le cadre de ma reconstruction, est un modèle pour un système de droit privé qui recouvre les engagements normatifs à l’auto-détermination, et donc l’égalité substantielle, puisque son infrastructure normative sous-jacente n’est pas excessivement enracinée dans le modèle judiciaire et attache de l’importance aux considérations publiques. L’autonomie réglementée et la justice de l’accès, selon cette approche, constituent des manifestations locales des prescriptions de la justice relationnelle, qui se situe au cœur du droit privé fondé sur l’autonomie, correctement interprété. Cette vision est, selon moi, attirante à la fois normativement et doctrinalement ; elle est également particulièrement adaptée à notre ère transnationale, parce qu’elle fournit un fondement non statique aux prescriptions de la non-discrimination et de l’adaptation.
Current Continuing Nursing Education Among Beijing Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Yanling , Sun Liu , Greene Brian , Sun Hongyu , Ding Yanming , Li Chunyan 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Continuing nursing education (CNE) is an effective approach to maintain and elevate professional knowledge and skills for nurses. We sought to understand the attitudes and expectations of hospital nurses concerning current CNE in Beijing.

Method:

Hospital-employed nurses (
N
= 2,826) from 23 secondary and tertiary general hospitals in Beijing were surveyed using a self-administered questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 72% to 88% of nurses recognized the practicality, helpfulness, importance, and support provided by the current CNE program in Beijing. Obtaining required CNE credits and improving overall comprehensive quality are the top two motivations for nurses to participate in CNE. The top two barriers to CNE are time constraints and the inability to receive timely training information. Expectations that nurses have for future CNE programs also are identified.

Conclusion:
The nurses surveyed have a positive attitude about the current CNE program; however, our survey revealed several barriers and needs concerning CNE that should be addressed from an organizational perspective.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2018;49(11):526–536.
Infertility Education in Baccalaureate Schools of Nursing
Authors: Sherrod Roy Ann 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The increasing number of couples who enter the current health care system for assistance with fertility needs warrants an examination of the ways nurse educators are preparing nurse generaliste to meet those needs. A survey was conducted of baccalaureate nursing programs to determine what, if any, information was being presented on infertility. Analysis of data with a 50% return rate indicated most schools of nursing in this sample are in fact including some information on infertility in their curricula. What is interesting to note is only slightly more than half of respondents included information on the emotional and psychosocial issues of infertility, despite the feet that the greatest cost of infertility is the emotional one. One of the major concerns of infertile couples is health care providers, including nurses, do not seem to understand what they are experiencing. How do nurses obtain such understanding if they are not prepared in their educational program to do so?
La folie, un espace de « trouble dans le genre ». Ethnographie, genre et performance à l’hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Alban
Authors: Marchand Aurélie 
Published: October 2018

Aurélie Marchand, sociologue et ethnographe, propose la restitution d’une résidence de création artistique initiée par la metteuse en scène Hélène Soulié au centre hospitalier François Tosquelles de Saint‑Alban‑sur‑Limagnole du 1er au 8 octobre 2015. La résidence de travail, composée d’un temps d’immersion, de récoltes de récits et d’une performance finale en public, constitue le chapitre premier du projet Madam, « Manuel d’Auto‑Défense à Méditer ». Accompagnée de la comédienne Audrey Montpied et de la metteuse en scène, la sociologue est mandatée pour collecter « les stratégies des femmes » in situ, dans la perspective de fournir un matériau brut pour la performance. Cependant, au gré des rencontres informelles et des ateliers‑théâtre avec les soignées/soignantes, c’est bien « la catégorie femme » qui se retrouve questionnée au croisement des arts de la scène et des sciences sociales. En effet, l’hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Alban apparaît comme un laboratoire idéal pour visiter et déconstruire les catégories de sexes, là où les limites de la « normalité » sont déjà repoussées. Ainsi, la chercheuse appréhende le texte à dire et la forme de la performance comme des lieux de questionnement des identités de sexe, en mettant l’accent sur les figures archétypales traversées et l’enchevêtrement des différents registres de discours. En effet, là où « les femmes » se font entendre, « la femme » est toujours un autre que soi. Aussi, l’analyse du jeu de la comédienne permet à Aurélie Marchand de souligner l’effet de distanciation et d’identification « ratée » avec les catégories de genre. Ici, « jouer avec le genre » revient à explorer la « catégorie femme » comme autant de façon de se situer et de se décaler par rapport aux images de soi renvoyées.
S’engager dans un cyberparti
Authors: Macq Hadrien , Jacquet Vincent 
Published: October 2018

Internet est généralement présenté comme un vecteur de transformation du champ politique. Dans ce cadre, l’émergence de cyberpartis est supposée renouveler les formes de l’engagement actif dans les organisations partisanes. À travers une étude qualitative des membres du Parti Pirate belge, cet article propose de rendre compte du rôle qu’Internet joue dans le processus d’engagement militant au sein de cyberpartis. Deux types de militants sont identifiés : les techniques et les relationnels. Ils se différencient par le rapport qu’ils entretiennent au politique, leur vision d’Internet ainsi que leur attitude envers le parti. Ce faisant, ce sont les relations plus larges d‘Internet aux formes d’engagement politique (partisane) qui sont questionnées.
An analytical study of effect of the cell proliferation, half-life, and energy of radionuclides in targeted radiotherapy
Authors: Ranjbar Hassan 
Published: October 2018

Aim:
The treatment of the cancers is one of the most important challenges of nuclear medicine. Using targeted radiotherapy has increased the hope for the cure of the cancers. In the targeted radiotherapy, proliferations of tumor cells during radiotherapy are believed to be main reasons of treatment defeat. The aim of this work is the investigation of the cell proliferation on tumor treatment.

Materials and Methods:
For this purpose, two scenarios were considered. The first scenario, in case of the tumor cells nonproliferation, surviving curve of irradiated cells is an exponential function of accumulated dose. The second scenario, Tumor cells proliferate exponentially with a growth constant and all tumor cells are assumed to be proliferating throughout irradiation.

Results:
In the nonproliferation condition, the surviving fraction of tumor cells decreases with time. In the proliferation cases, at the beginning of the irradiation, the surviving fraction of cells decreases. If the remained fraction of cells is reduced sufficiently by this time, the tumor may be treated. Unless, as the dose rate continues to decrease, the proliferation exceeds from the sterilization and the tumor cell population increases.

Conclusion:
Due to high dose-rate, the shorter decay half-life is more effective in comparison to longer ones.
Widespread polar stratospheric ice clouds in the 2015–2016 Arctic winter – implications for ice nucleation
Authors: Voigt Christiane , Dörnbrack Andreas , Wirth Martin , Groß Silke M. , Pitts Michael C. , Poole Lamont R. , Baumann Robert , Ehard Benedikt , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Woiwode Wolfgang , Oelhaf Hermann 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Low planetary wave activity led to a stable vortex with exceptionally cold
temperatures in the 2015–2016 Arctic winter. Extended areas with temperatures
below the ice frost point temperature Tice persisted over weeks in the
Arctic stratosphere as derived from the 36-year temperature climatology of
the ERA-Interim reanalysis data set of the European Centre for Medium-Range
Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). These extreme conditions promoted the formation of
widespread polar stratospheric ice clouds (ice PSCs). The space-borne
Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument on board
the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite
Observation) satellite continuously measured ice PSCs for about a month with maximum
extensions of up to 2×106 km2 in the
stratosphere. On 22 January 2016, the WALES (Water Vapor Lidar Experiment in Space –
airborne demonstrator) lidar on board the High Altitude and Long Range
Research Aircraft HALO detected an ice PSC with a horizontal length of more
than 1400 km. The ice PSC extended between 18 and 24 km altitude and was
surrounded by nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles, supercooled ternary
solution (STS) droplets and particle mixtures. The ice PSC occurrence
histogram in the backscatter ratio to particle depolarization ratio optical
space exhibits two ice modes with high or low particle depolarization
ratios. Domain-filling 8-day back-trajectories starting in the high
particle depolarization (high-depol) ice mode are continuously below the NAT equilibrium temperature TNAT
and decrease below Tice∼10 h prior to the
observation. Their matches with CALIPSO PSC curtain plots demonstrate the
presence of NAT PSCs prior to high-depol ice, suggesting that the ice had
nucleated on NAT. Vice versa, STS or no PSCs were detected by CALIPSO prior
to the ice mode with low particle depolarization ratio. In addition to ice nucleation in STS potentially having
meteoric inclusions, we find evidence for ice nucleation on NAT in the
Arctic winter 2015–2016. The observation of widespread Arctic ice PSCs with
high or low particle depolarization ratios advances our understanding of ice
nucleation in polar latitudes. It further provides a new observational database for the parameterization of ice nucleation schemes in atmospheric
models.
Ideas and perspectives: Tracing terrestrial ecosystem water fluxes using hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes – challenges and opportunities from an interdisciplinary perspective
Authors: Penna Daniele , Hopp Luisa , Scandellari Francesca , Allen Scott T. , Benettin Paolo , Beyer Matthias , Geris Josie , Klaus Julian , Marshall John D. , Schwendenmann Luitgard , Volkmann Till H. M. , von Freyberg Jana , Amin Anam , Ceperley Natalie , Engel Michael , Frentress Jay , Giambastiani Yamuna , McDonnell Jeff J. , Zuecco Giulia , Llorens Pilar , Siegwolf Rolf T. W. , Dawson Todd E. , Kirchner James W. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In this commentary, we summarize and build upon discussions that
emerged during the workshop “Isotope-based studies of water partitioning and
plant–soil interactions in forested and agricultural environments” held in
San Casciano in Val di Pesa, Italy, in September 2017. Quantifying and
understanding how water cycles through the Earth's critical zone is important
to provide society and policymakers with the scientific background to manage
water resources sustainably, especially considering the ever-increasing
worldwide concern about water scarcity. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and
oxygen in water have proven to be a powerful tool for tracking water fluxes in
the critical zone. However, both mechanistic complexities (e.g. mixing and
fractionation processes, heterogeneity of natural systems) and methodological
issues (e.g. lack of standard protocols to sample specific compartments,
such as soil water and xylem water) limit the application of stable water
isotopes in critical-zone
science. In this commentary, we examine some of the
opportunities and critical challenges of isotope-based ecohydrological
applications and outline new perspectives focused on interdisciplinary
research opportunities for this important tool in water and environmental
science.
Magnetic-field CMOS microsensor for low-energy electric discharge detection
Authors: Said Mohamed Hadj , Tounsi Farès , Rufer Libor , Trabelsi Hatem , Mezghani Brahim , Cavallini Andrea 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. This paper addresses the development and characterization of a non-intrusive
silicon-based microsensor, which can detect electric partial discharges in
electrical insulation equipment. Early partial discharge detection prevents
failures and can be used to optimize maintenance operations. Despite the
potential that CMOS technology offers, miniaturized electric discharge
detector has neither been investigated nor implemented, until now. The
developed microsensor demonstrates its ability to record electric discharge
emission thanks to the presence of a miniaturized planar inductor. The
squared inductor of 50 turns with a side length of 1.5 mm used in our sensor
has been fabricated on top of a silicon substrate in a CMOS technology. The
total inductor wire length of loop antenna is 30 cm to achieve 100 MHz
bandwidth. Using the microsensor at 1 cm from the discharge site, a damped
sinusoidal induced voltage with an amplitude of 2 V has been measured at its
output. We observed that the output signal spectrum is highly concentrated
around a central resonance frequency, which remains constant. The main
advantage of such design resides in its monolithic integration added to the
high autonomy, which improves the microsensor efficiency.
Too trivial to test? An inverse view on defect prediction to identify methods with low fault risk
Authors: Niedermayr Rainer , Röhm Tobias , Wagner Stefan 
Published: October 2018

Background. Test resources are usually limited and therefore it is often not possible to completely test an application before a release. To cope with the problem of scarce resources, development teams can apply defect prediction to identify fault-prone code regions. However, defect prediction tends to low precision in cross-project prediction scenarios.
Aims. We take an inverse view on defect prediction and aim to identify methods that can be deferred when testing because they contain hardly any faults due to their code being "trivial". We expect that characteristics of such methods might be project-independent, so that our approach could improve cross-project predictions.
Method. We compute code metrics and apply association rule mining to create rules for identifying methods with low fault risk. We conduct an empirical study to assess our approach with six Java open-source projects containing precise fault data at the method level.
Results. Our results show that inverse defect prediction can identify approx. 32-44% of the methods of a project to have a low fault risk; on average, they are about six times less likely to contain a fault than other methods. In cross-project predictions with larger, more diversified training sets, identified methods are even eleven times less likely to contain a fault.
Conclusions. Inverse defect prediction supports the efficient allocation of test resources by identifying methods that can be treated with less priority in testing activities and is well applicable in cross-project prediction scenarios.