bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The art of surgery
Authors: Sterpetti A V 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Published online in Wiley Online Library (www.bjs.co.uk). DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10863
In times when art usually depicted perfection, Caravaggio (1571–1610) painted everyday reality. He used people walking the streets of Rome to represent holy figures. Caravaggio loved many women. He killed a man in a duel and had to flee from Rome to avoid being ‘beheaded by anybody who saw him’.
In this biblical scene he painted, Judith Beheading Holofernes, Judith is a portrait of Fillide Melandroni, the reason for the duel. Holofernes is a self-portrait. Judith looks cruel, in mourning clothes, seeking revenge for the assassination of her lover. The maidservant, almost an evil spirit, has a voluminous thyroid goitre, and she seems to encourage the revenge of Fillide.
Read more about Caravaggio and this painting in an essay online.
Anxa2‐ and Ctsd‐knockout CHO cell lines to diminish the risk of contamination with host cell proteins
Authors: Fukuda Nobuo , Senga Yukako , Honda Shinya 
Published: April 2019

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been used as host cells in the production of a range of recombinant therapeutic proteins, including monoclonal antibodies and Fc‐fusion proteins. Host cell proteins (HCP) represent impurities that must be removed from therapeutic formulations because of their potential risks for immunogenicity. While the majority of HCP impurities are effectively removed in typical downstream purification processes, clearance of a small population of HCP remains challenging. In this study, we knocked out the Anxa2 and Ctsd genes to assess the feasibility of knockout approaches for diminishing the risk of contamination with HCP. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, Anxa2‐, and Ctsd‐knockout CHO cell lines were successfully established, and we confirmed the complete elimination of the corresponding HCP in cell lysates. Importantly, all knockout cell lines showed similar growth and viability to those of the wild‐type control during 8 days of cultivation. Thus, knockout of unrequired genes can reduce contamination with HCP in the production of recombinant therapeutic proteins.
Antioxidant and Antimelanogenic Activities of Compounds Isolated from the Aerial Parts of Achillea alpina L.
Authors: Lee Hyun Joo , Sim Mi Ok , Woo Kyeong Wan , Jeong Da‐Eun , Jung Ho Kyung , An Byeongkwan , Cho Hyun Woo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAchillea alpina is widely distributed in Korea and is often used as a folk medicine for stomach disorders. Although a previous study isolated antioxidant compounds (flavonoid O‐glucoside, sesquiterpene) from this plant, no systematic study of its chemical constituents had been reported. The present study aimed to identify the phytochemicals present in a methanol extract of A. alpina, assess their potential antioxidant activities in vitro, and determine their effects on melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Column chromatographic separation of aqueous fractions of A. alpina led to the isolation of 17 compounds. The chemical structures of these compounds were determined using spectroscopic data from electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to identify compounds 2–10 and 12–17 in A. alpina. Furthermore, compound 6 possessed powerful antioxidant activity, while compound 15 suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity and thus reduced melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. Therefore, our research suggested that these naturally occurring compounds have the potential to reduce oxidative stress and promote skin whitening. Further investigations will be required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of these compounds.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of New Pyrazole Derivatives Possessing Both Coxib and Combretastatins Pharmacophores
Authors: Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen , Thi Yen Tran , Nguyen Le Anh , Vo Ngoc Binh , Ngo Quoc Anh 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn our efforts to discover novel multi‐target agents having better antitumor activities than celecoxib, 21 new aryl‐substituted pyrazole derivatives possessing cis‐diphenylethylene scaffold were mostly synthesized by a one‐pot approach to ethyl 1,4,5‐triaryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylates via an improved Claisen condensation – Knorr reaction sequence. The cytotoxic effects of these compounds against three human cancer cell lines HT‐29, Hep‐G2, MCF‐7 as well as their inhibition of NO production were studied. Results showed that incorporation of the important pharmacophoric groups of two original molecules celecoxib and combretastatin A‐4 in a single molecule plays an important role in determining a better biological activities of the new coxib‐hybrided compounds.
Synthesis of Erythropoietins Site‐Specifically Conjugated with Complex‐Type N‐Glycans
Authors: Streichert Katharina , Seitz Carina , Hoffmann Eugenia , Boos Irene , Jelkmann Wolfgang , Brunner Thomas , Unverzagt Carlo , Rubini Marina 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe biological activity of the glycoprotein hormone erythropoietin (EPO) is dependent mainly on the structure of its N‐linked glycans. We aimed to readily attach defined N‐glycans to EPO through copper‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition. EPO variants with an alkyne‐bearing non‐natural amino acid (Plk) at the N‐glycosylation sites 24, 38, and 83 were obtained by amber suppression followed by protein purification and refolding. Click conjugation of the alkynyl EPOs with biantennary N‐glycan azides provided biologically active site‐specifically modified EPO glycoconjugates.
Role of PLD−PKCζ signaling axis in p47phox phosphorylation for activation of NADPH oxidase by angiotensin II in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells
Authors: Chakraborti Sajal , Sarkar Jaganmay , Chakraborti Tapati 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe sought to determine the mechanism by which angiotensin II (ANGII) stimulates NADPH oxidase‐mediated superoxide (O2.−) production in bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (BPASMCs). ANGII‐induced increase in phospholipase D (PLD) and NADPH oxidase activities were inhibited upon pretreatment of the cells with chemical and genetic inhibitors of PLD2, but not PLD1. Immunoblot study revealed that ANGII treatment of the cells markedly increases protein kinase C‐α (PKC‐α), ‐δ, ‐ε, and ‐ζ levels in the cell membrane. Pretreatment of the cells with chemical and genetic inhibitors of PKC‐ζ, but not PKC‐α, ‐δ, and ‐ε, attenuated ANGII‐induced increase in NADPH oxidase activity without a discernible change in PLD activity. Transfection of the cells with p47phox small interfering RNA inhibited ANGII‐induced increase in NADPH oxidase activity without a significant change in PLD activity. Pretreatment of the cells with the chemical and genetic inhibitors of PLD2 and PKC‐ζ inhibited ANGII‐induced p47phox phosphorylation and subsequently translocation from cytosol to the cell membrane, and also inhibited its association with p22phox (a component of membrane‐associated NADPH oxidase). Overall, PLD−PKCζ−p47phox signaling axis plays a crucial role in ANGII‐induced increase in NADPH oxidase‐mediated O2.− production in the cells.
Effect of cutting balloon after rotational atherectomy in severely calcified coronary artery lesions as assessed by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Amemiya Kisaki , Yamamoto Myong Hwa , Maehara Akiko , Oyama Yuji , Igawa Wataru , Ono Morio , Kido Takehiko , Ebara Seitarou , Okabe Toshitaka , Yamashita Kennosuke , Hoshimoto Koichi , Saito Shigeo , Yakushiji Tadayuki , Isomura Naoei , Araki Hiroshi , Mintz Gary S. , Ochiai Masahiko 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesUsing optical coherence tomography (OCT), we evaluated the effect of a cutting balloon (CB) compared with a conventional balloon after rotational atherectomy (RA) and before stenting in severely calcified coronary lesions.BackgroundA CB is designed to create discrete incisions to facilitate fracture of severely calcified plaque.MethodsOCT was performed preintervention (if possible), post‐RA, and poststent implantation. RA modification of calcium was defined as a polished, concave, round‐shaped surface. Calcium fracture was defined as a break in the calcium plate. The effects of calcium modification and stent expansion between CB (n = 18) versus conventional balloon (n = 23) following RA were compared.ResultsMedian patient age was 72 years with 24% on hemodialysis. The amount of calcium and the length of RA modification were comparable between the CB and conventional balloon groups. Final poststent OCT showed that the number and thickness of calcium fracture were greater after CB versus conventional balloon, resulting better stent expansion (78.9% [IQR: 72.4–88.1] vs. 66.7% [IQR: 55.0–76.7], p < 0.01). In the multivariable model, after adjusting for the amount of calcium, CB use was an independent predictor of the presence of calcium fracture (odds ratio 30.0; 95% confidence interval 2.7–994.1, p = 0.004) and an independent predictor for greater stent expansion (regression coefficient 7.4; 95% confidence interval 0.5–14.3, p = 0.04).ConclusionIn severely calcified lesions calcium fracture was more often associated with RA followed by CB compared with RA followed by conventional balloon predilation before stenting. CB use was also a determinant of greater stent expansion.
Leaded Bronze Alloy as a Catalyst for the Electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Gálvez‐Vázquez María de Jesús , Moreno‐García Pavel , Guo Huizhang , Hou Yuhui , Dutta Abhijit , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Broekmann Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe performance of a leaded bronze alloy with CuSn7Pb15 (wt %) chemical composition is studied as a cathode material for CO2 electroreduction (CO2RR) in aqueous 0.5 M KHCO3 electrolyte. It was found that the catalytic characteristics of the proposed CO2RR electrocatalyst are dominated by elemental lead. Surface characterization by means of digital 3D optical microscopy, white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) and scanning auger microscopy (SAM) revealed that segregated Pb clusters embedded in a Cu‐rich Cu/Sn matrix are, to a large extent, dispersed on the cathode surface upon sample preparation through mechanical polishing. Identical location SEM‐EDX studies before and after CO2 electrolysis revealed that further Pb surface redistribution takes place under operando CO2RR conditions, provided sufficiently high potentials are applied. The as‐prepared electrocatalyst proved to be a suitable and powerful alternative for the selective and efficient production of formate (maximum achieved faradaic efficiency and partial current density for formate are 58.6 % and −11.08 mA cm−2 at −1.07 V and −1.17 V vs. RHE, respectively). Moreover, in comparison to neat lead, this material can be handled with less precaution.
[18F]Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride as a Practical Radiofluoride Relay Reagent
Authors: Zhang Bo , Fraser Benjamin H. , Klenner Mitchell A. , Chen Zhen , Liang Steven H. , Massi Massimiliano , Robinson Andrea J. , Pascali Giancarlo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFluorine‐18 is the most utilized radioisotope in positron emission tomography (PET), but the wide application of fluorine‐18 radiopharmaceuticals is hindered by its challenging labelling conditions. As such, many potentially important radiotracers remain underutilized. Herein, we describe the use of [18F]ethenesulfonyl fluoride (ESF) as a novel radiofluoride relay reagent that allows radiofluorination reactions to be performed in minimally equipped satellite nuclear medicine centres. [18F]ESF has a simple and reliable production route and can be stored on inert cartridges. The cartridges can then be shipped remotely and the trapped [18F]ESF can be liberated by simple solvent elution. We have tested 18 radiolabelling precursors, inclusive of model and clinically used structures, and most precursors have demonstrated comparable radiofluorination efficiencies to those obtained using a conventionally dried [18F]fluoride source.
Additive‐Free Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols to Ketones with a Cobalt PNP Pincer Catalyst
Authors: Spiegelberg Brian , Dell'Acqua Andrea , Xia Tian , Spannenberg Anke , Tin Sergey , Hinze Sandra , de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCatalytic isomerization of allylic alcohols in ethanol as a green solvent was achieved by using air and moisture stable cobalt (II) complexes in the absence of any additives. Under mild conditions, the cobalt PNP pincer complex substituted with phenyl groups on the phosphorus atoms appeared to be the most active. High rates were obtained at 120 °C, even though the addition of one equivalent of base increases the speed of the reaction drastically. Although some evidence was obtained supporting a dehydrogenation–hydrogenation mechanism, it was proven that this is not the major mechanism. Instead, the cobalt hydride complex formed by dehydrogenation of ethanol is capable of double‐bond isomerization through alkene insertion–elimination.
Stable Lewis Base Adducts of Tetrahalodiboranes: Synthetic Methods and Structural Diversity
Authors: Englert Lukas , Stoy Andreas , Arrowsmith Merle , Muessig Jonas H. , Thaler Melanie , Deißenberger Andrea , Häfner Alena , Böhnke Julian , Hupp Florian , Seufert Jens , Mies Jan , Damme Alexander , Dellermann Theresa , Hammond Kai , Kupfer Thomas , Radacki Krzysztof , Thiess Torsten , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA series of 22 new bis(phosphine), bis(carbene), and bis(isonitrile) tetrahalodiborane adducts has been synthesized, either by direct adduct formation with highly sensitive B2X4 precursors (X=Cl, Br, I) or by ligand exchange at stable B2X4(SMe2)2 precursors (X=Cl, Br) with labile dimethylsulfide ligands. The isolated compounds have been fully characterized using NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and, for 20 of these compounds, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, revealing an unexpected variation in the bonding motifs. In addition to the classical B2X4L2 diborane(4) bis‐adducts, certain more sterically demanding carbene ligands induce a halide displacement which led to the first halide‐bridged monocationic diboron species, [B2X3L2]A (A=BCl4, Br, I). Furthermore, low‐temperature 1:1 reactions of B2Cl4 with sterically demanding N‐heterocyclic carbenes led to the formation of kinetically unstable mono‐adducts, one of which was structurally characterized. A comparison of the NMR spectra and structural data of new and literature‐known bis‐adducts shows several trends pertaining to the nature of the halides and the stereoelectronic properties of the Lewis bases employed.
Deoxytrifluoromethylthiolation and Selenylation of Alcohols by Using Benzothiazolium Reagents
Authors: Dix Stefan , Jakob Michael , Hopkinson Matthew N. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAliphatic compounds substituted with medicinally important trifluoromethylthio (SCF3) and trifluoromethylselenyl (SeCF3) groups were synthesized directly from alcohols by using the new benzothiazolium salts BT‐SCF3 and BT‐SeCF3. These bench‐stable fluorine‐containing reagents are facile to use and can be prepared in two steps from non‐fluorinated heteroaromatic starting materials. The metal‐free deoxytrifluoromethylthiolation process using BT‐SCF3 proceeds under mild conditions and the similarly efficient trifluoromethylselenylation reactions using BT‐SeCF3 are, to the best of our knowledge, the first reported examples of this transformation.
Cover Picture: Highly Regioselective Sequential 1,1‐Dihydrosilylation of Terminal Aliphatic Alkynes with Primary Silanes (Chin. J. Chem. 5/2019)
Authors: Cheng Zhaoyang , Xing Shipei , Guo Jun , Cheng Biao , Hu Lan‐Fang , Zhang Xing‐Hong , Lu Zhan 
Published: April 2019

The cover picture shows that sequential 1,1‐dihydrosilylation of terminal aliphatic alkynes with primary silanes enabled by one earth‐abundant cobalt catalyst has been developed. This protocol is operationally simple using readily available aliphatic alkynes, including simple acetylene and complex drug derivative, for efficient access to valuable gem‐bis(dihydrosilyl)alkanes in highly regioselective and atom‐economic manners. Corresponding asymmetric transformations are achieved with excellent enantioselectivities. More details are discussed in the article by Lu et al. on page 457–461.
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Design selection for strong orthogonal arrays
Authors: Shi Chenlu , Tang Boxin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractStrong orthogonal arrays (SOAs) were recently introduced and studied as a class of space‐filling designs for computer experiments. An important problem that has not been addressed in the literature is that of design selection for such arrays. In this article, we conduct a systematic investigation into this problem, and we focus on the most useful SOA(n,m,4,2 + )s and SOA(n,m,4,2)s. This article first addresses the problem of design selection for SOAs of strength 2+ by examining their three‐dimensional projections. Both theoretical and computational results are presented. When SOAs of strength 2+ do not exist, we formulate a general framework for the selection of SOAs of strength 2 by looking at their two‐dimensional projections. The approach is fruitful, as it is applicable when SOAs of strength 2+ do not exist and it gives rise to them when they do. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 47: 302–314; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Optimal management of gastroesophageal junction cancer
Authors: Greally Megan , Agarwal Rajiv , Ilson David H. 
Published: April 2019

Although recent decades have witnessed incremental improvements in the treatment of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) carcinoma, outcomes remain modest. For locally advanced esophageal cancer, the addition of chemotherapy and/or radiation to surgery is considered the standard of care. Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for metastatic disease and improves survival over best supportive care. However, the prognosis for patients with GEJ cancers, which are treated along the same paradigms as esophageal and gastric carcinomas, remain poor because of the emergence of chemoresistance and limited targeted therapeutic approaches, which include agents that target the HER2 and vascular endothelial growth factor pathways. Evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the chemorefractory setting have confirmed the activity of immunotherapy in esophagogastric cancer. Ongoing immunotherapeutic strategies are being evaluated in both the locally advanced and metastatic settings. This review focuses on the treatment of locally advanced and metastatic GEJ carcinomas, which encompass all tumors that have an epicenter within 5 cm proximal or distal to the anatomical Z‐line (Siewert classification). Because the vast majority of GEJ tumors are adenocarcinoma, the management of adenocarcinoma is the focus of this review. Evolving approaches and areas of clinical equipoise are discussed.
Molecular Dynamics of Excited State Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Solution by Coherent Nuclear Wave Packets
Authors: Heo Wooseok , Joo Taiha 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRevealing a proper reaction coordinate in a chemical reaction is the key step towards elucidation of the molecular reaction dynamics. In this report, we investigated the dynamics of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) of 8‐aminopyrene‐1,3,6‐trisulfonic acid (APTS) occurring in the excited state by time‐resolved fluorescence (TF) and TF spectra. Accurate reaction rates and rate‐dependent nuclear wave packets in the product state allow detailed investigation of the molecular reaction dynamics. The ICT rate is solvent dependent: (34 fs)−1, (87 fs)−1, and (∞)−1 in water, formamide, and dimethylformamide, respectively. By recording spectra of the nuclear wave packets for different reaction rates, chemical species responsible for the emission spectra can be positively identified. The origin of the wave packets can be deduced from the amplitude change of the wave packets at different reaction rates, and the vibrational modes that are associated with the reaction coordinate could be identified. Theoretical calculations of the vibrational reorganization energies reproduce the experimental spectrum of the nuclear wave packets and corroborate the conclusions.
Understanding Regium Bonds and their Competition with Hydrogen Bonds in Au2:HX Complexes
Authors: Sánchez‐Sanz Goar , Trujillo Cristina , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA theoretical study of the regium and hydrogen bonds (RB and HB, respectively) in Au2:HX complexes has been carried out by means of CCSD(T) calculations. The theoretical study shows as overall outcome that in all cases the complexes exhibiting RB are more stable that those with HB. The binding energies for RB complexes range between −24 and −180 kJ ⋅ mol−1,whereas those of the HB complexes are between −6 and −19 kJ ⋅ mol−1. DFT‐SAPT also indicated that HB complexes are governed by electrostatics, but RB complexes present larger contribution of the induction term to the total attractive forces.197Au chemical shifts have been calculated using the relativistic ZORA Hamiltonian.
Carbonyl‐Based π‐Conjugated Materials: From Synthesis to Applications in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Oubaha Hamid , Gohy Jean‐François , Melinte Sorin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe constant growth in the global energy demand together with the increasing awareness of clean and sustainable development has strongly pushed scientists to search for metal‐free, low‐cost, environmentally friendly functional energy‐storage systems (ESSs). Among the reported organic electrode materials, carbonyl‐based π‐conjugated compounds show excellent rate capabilities and cycling stabilities and are powerful candidates for the next generation of rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Benefiting from the molecular structure versatility and design feasibility, the electrochemical properties of organic and polymeric materials can be easily tuned. This Review summarizes recent efforts in the search for carbonyl‐based π‐conjugated electrode materials in LIBs with a focus on the synthetic strategies developed to improve their electrochemical performance. The use of these materials in flexible, all‐organic LIBs is highlighted as a unique direction towards widespread applications of LIBs.