bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of family physicians on cervical cancer screening: cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey in a region of southern Poland
Authors: Nessler Katarzyna , Chan Sze Kay Florence , Ball Francis , Storman Monika , Chwalek Michal , Krztoń-Królewiecka Anna , Kryj-Radziszewska Elżbieta , Windak Adam 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundDespite worldwide efforts in encouraging routine pap smears for early detection of cervical cancer, Poland’s screening rate lags behind the rest of the European Union at 20.2%. Family physicians (FPs) in Poland rarely perform pap smears, and little is known about the experiences and attitudes of Polish patients regarding pap smear screening in a primary healthcare (PHC) setting.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was performed. Questionnaires were distributed among 43 FPs and 418 of their patients in one Polish region. The data from patients were associated with the doctors’ characteristics. Descriptive statistics, the χ2test and the Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis.ResultsNearly two-thirds of patients (66%) declared willingness to undergo free pap smear screening by their FPs, with the most common reason being time saved. Among those objecting to receive pap smears from their FPs, immediate specialist care provided by gynaecologists in case of adverse results was the main concern. The factors that positively influenced the patients’ decision to undergo cervical cancer screening in PHC were: (1) living in a city with more than 100 000 inhabitants, (2) being single, (3) having a female FP or (4) a physician with specialty training in family medicine.ConclusionThere is high level of acceptance for pap smears performed in PHC offices among patients in Poland. They are more likely to comply with the screening due to easy access. Establishing a solid physician–patient relationship is also crucial in encouraging screening.
Impact of a system-wide quality improvement initiative on blood pressure control: a cohort analysis
Authors: Pfoh Elizabeth R , Martinez Kathryn , Vakharia Nirav , Rothberg Michael 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of a quality improvement programme on blood pressure (BP) control and determine whether medication intensification or repeated measurement improved control.DesignRetrospective cohort comparing visits in 2015 to visits in 2016 (when the programme started).SubjectsAdults with ≥1 primary care visit between January and June in 2015 and 2016 and a diagnosis of hypertension in a large integrated health system.MeasuresElevated BP was defined as a BP ≥140/90 mm Hg. Physician response was defined as: nothing; BP recheck within 30 days; or medication intensification within 30 days. Our outcome was BP control (<140/90 mm Hg) at the last visit of the year. We used a multilevel logistic regression model (adjusted for demographic and clinical variables) to identify the effect of the programme on the odds of BP control.ResultsOur cohort included 111 867 adults. Control increased from 72% in 2015 to 79% in 2016 (p<0.01). The average percentage of visits with elevated blood pressure was 31% in 2015 and 25% in 2016 (p<0.01). During visits with an elevated BP, physicians were more likely to intensify medication in 2016 than in 2015 (43% vs 40%, p<0.01) and slightly more likely to obtain a BP recheck (15% vs 14%, p<0.01). Among patients with ≥1 elevated BP who attained control by the last visit in the year, there was 6% increase from 2015 to 2016 in the percentage of patients who received at least one medication intensification during the year and a 1% increase in BP rechecks. The adjusted odds of the last BP reading being categorised as controlled was 59% higher in 2016 than in 2015 (95% CI 1.54 to 1.64).ConclusionA system-wide initiative can improve BP control, primarily through medication intensification.
Public perception towards bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Becker Torben K , Gul Sarah S , Cohen Scott A , Maciel Carolina B , Baron-Lee Jacqueline , Murphy Travis W , Youn Teddy S , Tyndall Joseph A , Gibbons Clay , Hart Lizzy , Alviar Carlos L 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveBystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) improves survival and neurological outcomes. Nonetheless, many OHCA patients do not receive bystander CPR during a witnessed arrest. Our aim was to identify potential barriers to bystander CPR.MethodsParticipants at CPR training events conducted in the USA between February and May 2018 answered a 14-question survey prior to training. Respondents were asked about their overall comfort level performing CPR, and about potential concerns specific to performing CPR on a middle-aged female, a geriatric male, and male and female adolescent patients. Open-ended responses were analysed qualitatively by categorising responses into themes.ResultsOf the 677 participants, 582 (86.0%) completed the survey, with 509 (88.1%) between 18 and 29 years of age, 341 (58.6%) without prior CPR training and 556 (96.0%) without prior CPR experience. Across all four scenarios of patients in cardiac arrest, less than 65% of respondents reported that they would be ‘Extremely Likely’ (20.6%–29.1%) or ‘Moderately Likely’ (26.9%–34.8%) to initiate CPR. The leading concerns were ‘causing injury to patient’ for geriatric (n=193, 63.1%), female (n=51, 20.5%) and adolescent (n=148, 50.9%) patients. Lack of appropriate skills was the second leading concern when the victim was a geriatric (n=41, 13.4%) or adolescent (n=68, 23.4%) patient, whereas for female patients, 35 (14.1%) were concerned about exposing the patient or the patient’s breasts interfering with performance of CPR and 15 (6.0%) were concerned about being accused of sexual assault. Significant differences were observed in race, ethnicity and age regarding the likelihood of starting to perform CPR on female and adolescent patients.ConclusionsParticipants at CPR training events have multiple concerns and fears related to performing bystander CPR. Causing additional harm and lack of skills were among the leading reservations reported. These findings should be considered for improved CPR training and public education.
Avitourism opportunities as a contribution to conservation and rural livelihoods in the Hindu Kush Himalaya - a field perspective
Authors: Gupta Nishikant , Everard Mark , Kochhar Ishaan , Belwal Vinod Kumar 
Published: August 2019

The Hindu Kush Himalaya is a biodiversity hotspot subject to multiple anthropogenic stressors, including hydropower plants, pollution, deforestation and wildlife poaching, in addition to changing climate. Bird photography tourism, as a locally important element of avitourism, has the potential to integrate sustainable development and wildlife conservation. We conducted field surveys around the reaches of four Indian Himalayan rivers—the Kosi, western Ramganga, Khoh, and Song—outside of protected national parks (the Corbett and Rajaji tiger reserves) to ascertain the distribution of bird species along river corridors that could be sites of avitourism. Species richness along the surveyed reaches were: Kosi (79), western Ramganga (91), Khoh (52), and Song (79). This study contributes critical data to the existing baseline information on the avifaunal species of Uttarakhand. It further discusses the possibility of developing avitourism for knowledge generation on species distribution and innovative livelihood options for local communities in Uttarakhand, reinforcing local vested interest in bird conservation. The findings have generic applicability worldwide.
Effects of Mobile Text Messaging on Glycemic Control in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Huo Xiqian , Krumholz Harlan M. , Bai Xueke , Spatz Erica S. , Ding Qinglan , Horak Paul , Zhao Weigang , Gong Qiuhong , Zhang Haibo , Yan Xiaofang , Sun Ying , Liu Jiamin , Wu Xuekun , Guan Wenchi , Wang Xiuling , Li Jing , Li Xi , Spertus John A. , Masoudi Frederick A. , Zheng Xin 
Published: August 2019

Background:
Mobile health interventions may support risk factor management and are readily scalable in healthcare systems. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of a text messaging–based intervention to improve glycemic control in patients with coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus in China.

Methods and Results:

The CHAT-DM study (Cardiovascular Health and Texting-Diabetes Mellitus) was a parallel-group, single-blind, randomized clinical trial that included 502 patients with both coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus from 34 hospitals in China. The intervention group (n=251) received 6 text messages per week for 6 months in addition to usual care. Messages were theory driven and culturally tailored to provide educational and motivational information on glucose monitoring, blood pressure control, medication adherence, physical activity, and lifestyle. The control group (n=251) received usual care and 2 thank you messages per month. The primary outcome was change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA
1C
[hemoglobin A
1C
]) from baseline to 6 months. Secondary outcomes were change in proportion of patients achieving HbA
1C
<7%, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, body mass index, and physical activity from baseline to 6 months. The end points were assessed using analyses of covariance. The follow-up rate was 99%. When compared with control group at 6 months, the intervention group had a greater reduction in HbA
1C
(−0.2% versus 0.1%;
P
=0.003) and a greater proportion of participants who achieved HbA
1C
<7% (69.3% versus 52.6%;
P
=0.004). Change in fasting blood glucose was larger in the intervention group (between-group difference: −0.6 mmol/L; 95% CI, −1.1 to −0.2;
P
=0.011), but no other outcome differences were observed. Nearly all participants reported that messages were easy to understand (97.1%) and useful (94.1%).

Conclusions:
A text message intervention resulted in better glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease. While the mechanism of this benefit remains to be determined, the results suggest that a simple, culturally sensitive mobile text messaging program may provide an effective and feasible way to improve disease self-management.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02883842.
Role of Sex in Determining Treatment Type for Patients Undergoing Endovascular Lower Extremity Revascularization
Authors: Ramkumar Niveditta , Suckow Bjoern D. , Brown Jeremiah R. , Sedrakyan Art , MacKenzie Todd , Stone David H. , Cronenwett Jack L. , Goodney Philip P. 
Published: August 2019

Background
Limited data exist to describe factors that influence the use of different endovascular treatments for peripheral arterial disease. Therefore, we studied sex differences in the utilization of endovascular treatment modalities and their impact on arterial patency.

Methods and Results

We analyzed procedures from 2010 to 2016 in the Vascular Quality Initiative for arteries treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (
PTA
) alone, stenting (with/without
PTA
), and atherectomy (with/without
PTA
). We explored sex differences in treatment modality by arterial segment (iliac, femoropopliteal, and tibial) with multivariable logistic regression. We used Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and multivariable Cox regression to study sex differences in arterial reintervention and occlusion. In this cohort, patients (n=58 247, mean age 68 years, 41% women,) had 106 073 arteries treated (median=2 arteries, interquartile range=1–3). Half (50%) of these arteries were treated with stents, 39% with
PTA
alone, and 11% with atherectomy. After risk adjustment, women were less likely to undergo stenting or atherectomy (versus
PTA
alone) in the femoropopliteal (stent risk ratio=0.78 [0.74–0.82]; atherectomy risk ratio=0.69 [0.58–0.82]) and tibial arteries (stent risk ratio=0.70 [0.55–0.89]; atherectomy risk ratio=0.87 [0.70–1.07]). In the iliac arteries there was no sex difference in stenting, and atherectomy was rarely used (0.2%). Women underwent reintervention in the femoropopliteal arteries (hazard ratio=1.28 [1.17–1.40]) or developed an occlusion in the iliac (hazard ratio=1.42 [1.12–1.81]) and femoropopliteal arteries (hazard ratio=1.19 [1.06–1.34]) more frequently than men.

Conclusions
Women were less likely to undergo stenting or atherectomy and had higher rates of occlusion and reintervention, especially in the femoropopliteal arteries. Evidence‐based guidelines are needed to guide optimal use of endovascular treatments for men and women.
“And the Name of the City from That Day on: ‘YHWH’ is There” (Ezek. 48:35): A New Interpretation
Authors: Ganzel Tova 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The names of Mesopotamian cities and the cuneiform signs used to write them can shed light on the phrase “YHWH is There” (Ezek. 48:35) in its biblical context.
Reproductive cycle and sperm storage of female coral snakes, Micrurus corallinus and Micrurus frontalis
Authors: Bassi Erick Augusto , Coeti Rafaela Zani , de Almeida-Santos Selma Maria 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We analyzed the hypothesis that the lack of synchronization between the mating and ovulation period of Micrurus frontalis (BRT clade) is indicative of the capacity of females to store sperm. Conversely, since these reproductive events occur in the same season for Micrurus corallinus (BRM clade), sperm storage is not expected. Thus, we analyzed the reproductive cycle of female M. corallinus and M. frontalis, and investigated the occurrence of sperm storage. Our results showed that these two species of coral snakes (clades BRM and BRT) possess different reproductive cycles. Micrurus frontalis exhibits an extensive reproductive period encompassing three seasons (summer, autumn and winter), while M. corallinus directs secondary vitellogenesis and ovulation to the hottest period of the year (spring and summer). We confirm, for the first time, the strategy of sperm storage (SSr) in females of the genus Micrurus. We observed sperm storage receptacles located in the non-glandular uterus in all seasons of the year for M. corallinus and in spring, summer and autumn in M. frontalis. Furthermore, the presence of SSr in females in the non-reproductive (post-ovulatory) period, the verification of myoid cells around the receptacles and secretion of neutral carbohydrates in the lumina of SSrs may indicates a long-term storage. The posterior infundibulum is another possible region of sperm storage by the presence of tubular ciliated gland; however, reproductive studies with other species of the genus are necessary for a better understanding of the reproductive strategies of the BRT and BRM clades.
“She is My Sister”: Sarai as Lady Wisdom in the Genesis Apocryphon
Authors: Lipscomb Anthony I. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Aramaic text from Qumran known to scholars as the Genesis Apocryphon (1Q20) stands out as one the earliest and most innovative examples of the retelling of Abram and Sarai’s sojourn in Egypt (Gen 12:10-20). To be sure, the terse nature of the Genesis account invited creative storytellers to fill in the gaps, but brevity yielded only half the impetus. Ancient storytellers were no less bothered by the inglorious portrayal of Abram and Sarai, for which there is no shortage of attempts to rescue their reputations. The Apocryphon shares several of the same recharacterization strategies as other ancient retellings, but it is nevertheless unique in its engagement with the tradition of personified wisdom. This article imagines the composer of the Apocryphon’s sojourn account in dialogue with ancient Jewish wisdom traditions and discerns an effort to redeem Sarai’s reputation from Genesis 12 by recasting her as an embodiment of Lady Wisdom.
Walter Benjamin at the City Library of Berlin: The New Library as Incident Room
Authors: Bordo Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article pairs Bibliothek, a memorial in Berlin against the Nazi book-burning of May 10, 1933, with the library in Wim Wenders’ film Der Himmel über Berlin (1987) as sites to reflect on loss with the disappearance of material books from the library and the conversion of libraries into information centers in the era of the internet and digital reproduction. It explores loss by taking up arguments of Walter Benjamin concerning artworks and by applying his theory of loss to books that exist, unlike works of art, only because of mass technical reproduction. It then examines how to argue for loss in ontological and even civilizational terms, especially when the rational justification for the massive clearance of books is justified by the short-term utilitarian calculus of benefit and gain that determines that there is no loss at all. By way of conclusion, it offers a sketch of the new library as having heightened responsibilities in the pursuit of truth as a center for documentation akin to an incident room at the scene of a crime. In this regard, the Topography of Terror Documentation Center on Wilhelmstrasse in Berlin on the site of the former Gestapo Headquarters is both a paradigm and a beacon.
The Dynamic Double Flash Illusion: Auditory Triggered Replay of Illusory Visual Expansion
Authors: Stiles Noelle R. B. , Tanguay Armand R. , Shimojo Shinsuke 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the original double flash illusion, a visual flash (e.g., a sharp-edged disk, or uniformly filled circle) presented with two short auditory tones (beeps) is often followed by an illusory flash. The illusory flash has been previously shown to be triggered by the second auditory beep. The current study extends the double flash illusion by showing that this paradigm can not only create the illusory repeat of an on-off flash, but also trigger an illusory expansion (and in some cases a subsequent contraction) that is induced by the flash of a circular brightness gradient (gradient disk) to replay as well. The perception of the dynamic double flash illusion further supports the interpretation of the illusory flash (in the double flash illusion) as similar in its spatial and temporal properties to the perception of the real visual flash, likely by replicating the neural processes underlying the illusory expansion of the real flash. We show further that if a gradient disk (generating an illusory expansion) and a sharp-edged disk are presented simultaneously side by side with two sequential beeps, often only one visual stimulus or the other will be perceived to double flash. This indicates selectivity in auditory–visual binding, suggesting the usefulness of this paradigm as a psychophysical tool for investigating crossmodal binding phenomena.
Relative prevalence of 10 types of pharmacodynamic interactions in psychiatric treatment
Authors: Zarkowski Paul A 
Published: August 2019

Objective To assess the relative prevalence and factors affecting the prescription of medication combinations with a theoretical efficacy limiting pharmacodynamic interaction, defined as two medications with opposing indications and side effects or antagonistic action at the primary receptor of mechanism of action. Method One hundred sixteen combinations were identified for 10 types of pharmacodynamic interactions. PubMed was searched for each combination to assess the quality of evidence either supporting clinical use or verifying reduced efficacy. Micromedex was searched to determine the presence of warnings to prescribers of reduced efficacy. The prevalence in clinical practice was determined by computer review of the Genoa Healthcare database for all prescribers at 10 participating community mental health centers. The expected prevalence was calculated as the product of the probability of each medication prescribed alone and was compared with the actual prevalence of the combination using the test of proportions. Results The frequency of prescription of eight combinations met the Bonferroni corrected level of significance of p < 0.001. Four were combinations of amphetamine and D2 antagonists and each were prescribed less often than chance, p = 0.0001 consistent with epidemiological studies and multiple animal studies verifying an efficacy limiting interaction. Despite epidemiological studies indicating increased risk of accidents, alprazolam and amphetamine were prescribed more often than chance, p = 0.0001. Micromedex generated warnings for efficacy limiting interactions for five other combinations, but with no subsequent change in prescription frequency. Conclusions Neither presence of medical evidence nor warnings from Micromedex consistently affect the prescription of combinations with pharmacodynamic efficacy limiting interactions.
Exploring the effects of extracranial injections of botulinum toxin type A on prolonged intracranial meningeal nociceptors responses to cortical spreading depression in female rats
Authors: Melo-Carrillo Agustin , Strassman Andrew M , Schain Aaron J , Noseda Rodrigo , Ashina Sait , Adams Aubrey , Brin Mitchell F , Burstein Rami 
Published: August 2019

Background Botulinum neurotoxin type A, an FDA-approved prophylactic drug for chronic migraine, is thought to achieve its therapeutic effect through blocking activation of unmyelinated meningeal nociceptors and their downstream communications with myelinated nociceptors and potentially the vasculature and immune cells. Prior investigations to determine botulinum neurotoxin type A effects on meningeal nociceptors were carried out in male rats and tested with stimuli that act outside the blood brain barrier. Here, we sought to explore the effects of extracranial injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A on activation of meningeal nociceptors by cortical spreading depression, an event which occurs inside the blood brain barrier, in female rats. Material and methods Using single-unit recording, we studied myelinated C- and unmyelinated Aδ-meningeal nociceptors' responses to cortical spreading depression 7–14 days after injection of botulinum neurotoxin type A or saline along calvarial sutures. Results In female rats, responses to cortical spreading depression were typically more prolonged and, in some cases, began at relatively longer latencies post-cortical spreading depression, than had been observed in previous studies in male rats. Extracranial administration of botulinum neurotoxin type A reduced significantly the prolonged firing of the meningeal nociceptors, in the combined sample of Aδ- and C-fiber, but not their response probability. Discussion The findings suggest that the mechanism of action by which botulinum neurotoxin type A prevents migraine differ from the one by which calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies prevent migraine and that even when the origin of migraine is central (i.e. in the cortex), a peripherally acting drug can intercept/prevent the headache.