bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ike Net: Email and Friendship Evolution
Authors: McCulloh Ian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Network evolution is an important problem for social scientists, management consultants, and social network scholars. Unfortunately, few empirical data sets exist that have sufficient data to fully explore evolution dynamics. Increasingly, more and more online data sets are used in lieu of offline, face-to-face data. The veracities of these findings are questionable, however, because there are few studies exploring the similarity of online-offline dynamics. The IkeNet project investigated online and offline network evolution. Empirical data was collected on a group of 22 mid-career military officers going through a one-year graduate program. Data collection included email communication collected from the Exchange server, as well as self-reported friendship, and time spent together, over a course of 20 weeks. Numerous attribute data on the individual actors was collected from their military personnel files. The data allows network scholars to conduct research into the dynamics of network evolution and allows educators a real-world example data set for use in classroom instruction.
Winter Wheat Phenology Simulations Improve when Adding Responses to Water Stress
Authors: McMaster Gregory S. , Edmunds Debora A. , Marquez Roger , Haley Scott , Buchleiter Gerald , Byrne Patrick , Green Timothy R. , Erskine Rob , Lighthart Nathan , Kipka Holm , Fox Fred , Wagner Larry , Tatarko John , Moragues Marc , Ascough Jim 
Published: June 2019

Phenology is critical in simulating crop production and hydrology and must be sufficiently robust to respond to varying environments, soils, and management practices. Phenological algorithms typically focus on the air temperature response function and rarely quantify the phenological responses to varying water deficits, particularly for versions of the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model (EPIC)‐based plant growth component used in many agroecosystem models. Three EPIC‐based plant growth components (Soil Water Assessment Tool [SWAT], Wind Erosion Prediction System [WEPS], and the Unified Plant Growth Model [UPGM]) have been incorporated into the spatially distributed Agricultural Ecosystems Services model [AgES], and only the UPGM includes a phenological response to varying water deficits. These three plant components were used to evaluate the phenological responses of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to varying water deficits and whether having a water stress factor in UPGM improves the simulation of phenology. A 3‐yr irrigation study and a 4‐yr study across a rainfed landscape were used in the evaluation. Only the UPGM simulated all five of the developmental stagesmeasured. The UPGM was the only component that simulated a phenological response to variable water deficits, resulting in better prediction of phenology. For example, the RMSE (days) and relative error (RE, days) decreased and index of agreement (d) increased in predicting maturity from SWAT (RMSE = 18.4; RE = 9.2; d = 0.34) to WEPS (RMSE = 6.2; RE = 1.0, d = 0.63) to the UPGM (RMSE = 6.1; RE = 0.1; d = 0.70). Incorporating phenological responses to varying water deficits improves the accuracy and robustness of predicting phenology, which is particularly important in spatially distributed agroecosystem models.Core Ideas

Phenology is critical in accurately simulating crop production and hydrology.
The AgES watershed model evaluated three EPIC‐based plant growth components.
Only UPGM was able to simulate phenological responses to varying water deficits.
The results promote more robust simulation of phenology in varying environments.
Increasing Economic Interdependence between China and ASEAN and Its Implications
Authors: Ting Wai 
Published: June 2019

This paper aims to study the problems and issues of China's relations with ASEAN, which has achieved the establishment of ASEAN Economic Community by 2015. Taking into consideration the institutional framework constituted by the multiple agreements signed between China and ASEAN, how will the development of China-ASEAN relations be influenced by increasing economic interdependence between the two? What will be the difficulties ahead in enhancing trade and investments? Does promoting economic cooperation lead to more mutual trust in the political-strategic arena? China's recent policy in developing "one belt, one road", and Chinese relations to the US-led Trans-Pacific Partnership and their implications to ASEAN will also be examined in this paper.
Higher Education Integration in ASEAN: ASEAN University Network Case
Authors: Rezasyah Teuku , Konety Neneng , Rifawan Affabile , Wardhana Wahyu 
Published: June 2019

Higher education has an important role in the region’s economic growth, with talents and ideas developing in the process. ASEAN University Network (AUN) is the institution that facilitates cooperation among ASEAN universities and beyond. This research attempts to describe the role of AUN in enhancing regional integration in the higher education sector in ASEAN. This research uses qualitative method to get depth information and the bigger picture in the governance of AUN’s role and mechanism in regional integration of higher education system. The results of this research showed that AUN helped enhancing regional cooperation.
Developing a regional recycled water program in Southern California
Authors: Trussell R. S. , Lai-Bluml G. , Chaudhuri M. , Johnson G. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (Metropolitan) and the Sanitation Districts of Los Angeles County (Sanitation Districts) are exploring the potential of a Regional Recycled Water Program (RRWP) to beneficially reuse water currently discharged to the Pacific Ocean. The program would consist of a new advanced water treatment (AWT) facility at the Sanitation Districts' Joint Water Pollution Control Plant (JWPCP) in Carson, California, USA, capable of producing an ultimate flow of 581 MLD (150 MGD). The full-scale facility would treat effluent from the JWPCP using an AWT train comprising a membrane bioreactor (MBR), followed by reverse osmosis (RO) and ultraviolet light advanced oxidation (UV/AOP). After MBR-RO-UV/AOP treatment, the treated water would be distributed to groundwater basins in Los Angeles and Orange counties to recharge their aquifers. This program would diversify the region's water resources and significantly contribute to long-term water supply targets outlined in Metropolitan's Integrated Water Resources Plan. A feasibility study for the RRWP was completed in 2016, confirming its technical viability. Currently, Metropolitan and the Sanitation Districts recently completed conceptual planning studies to investigate implementation options for a full-scale program, and constructed a 1.9 MLD (0.5 MGD) AWT demonstration facility. Although large facilities employing membrane filtration (MF)-RO-UV/AOP are currently permitted and operating in California, there are no facilities using an MBR-RO-UV/AOP train. The AWT demonstration facility – the Regional Recycled Water Advanced Purification Center – will build on recent research in Australia and the USA to develop a regulatory strategy to incorporate MBR into a potable reuse advanced treatment train.
Use of shrimp shell for adsorption of metals present in surface runoff
Authors: Rech Aline Schuck , Rech Julio Cesar , Caprario Jakcemara , Tasca Fabiane Andressa , Recio María Ángeles Lobo , Finotti Alexandra Rodrigues 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This research analyzes the use of natural shrimp shell and commercial chitin for biosorption of metal ions in surface runoff. Investigation of the use of these biosorbent materials in drainage systems becomes a management measure for two extremely important issues in Brazil, fish waste management and the surface runoff quality. Methodological procedures involved treatments with different amounts of unprocessed shrimp shell and commercial chitin (5g and 10g) for 200mL of a compensatory drainage mechanism (infiltration swale). The contact time of biosorbent and runoff was 24h and removal of metal ions Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Cr was studied. Tests with unprocessed shrimp shell showed high concentrations of metallic ions (Pb, Ni, and Cu) causing contamination of the environment. However, the two biosorbents presented good removal of specific metallic ions (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cr). These results indicate the need for a biosorbent pre-treatment prior to full-scale use. We indicate the need for a more detailed investigation of water quality in the environment used for shrimp farming. Tests with commercial chitin presented satisfactory results for two concentrations tested. Tests with 10g of commercial chitin allowed removal of all tested metal ions (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr) with removal percentage between 6.7% and 84.4%. This efficiency may be related to the chitin's composition (shrimp, crustaceans, and crab) and to the chemical process applied to the product prior to commercialization.
Structure and Function of Angiopoietin-like Protein 3 (ANGPTL3) in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Lu Xinjie 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Angiopoietin-Like Proteins (ANGPTLs) are structurally related to the
angiopoietins. A total of eight ANGPTLs (from ANGPTL1 to ANGPTL8) have been identified so
far. Most ANGPTLs possess multibiological functions on lipid metabolism, atherosclerosis, and
cancer. Among them, ANGPTL3 has been shown to regulate the levels of Very Low-Density
Lipoprotein (VLDL) made by the liver and play a crucial role in human lipoprotein metabolism.

Method:
A systematic appraisal of ANGPTLs was conducted, focusing on the main features of
ANGPTL3 that has a significant role in atherosclerosis.

Results:
Angiopoietins including ANGPTL3 are vascular growth factors that are highly specific for
endothelial cells, perform a variety of other regulatory activities to influence inflammation, and have
been shown to possess both pro-atherosclerotic and atheroprotective effects.

Conclusion:
ANGPTL3 has been demonstrated as a promising target in the pharmacological management
of atherosclerosis. However, many questions remain about its biological functions.
Vanillin-Related N-Acylhydrazones: Synthesis, Antischistosomal Properties and Target Fishing Studies
Authors: Rando Daniela G.G. , da Costa Marcela O.L. , Pavani Thais F.A. , Oliveira Thiago , dos Santos Paloma F. , Amorim Carina R. , Pinto Pedro L.S. , de Brito Mariana G. , Silva Marcos P.N. , Roquini Daniel B. , de Moraes Josué 
Published: June 2019

Background:Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease, which affects millions of people in developing countries. Its treatment relies on a single therapeutic alternative, the praziquantel. This situation may lead to drug resistance which, in turn, made urgent the need for new antischistosomal agents. Nacylhydrazones are usually explored as good antimicrobial agents, but the vanillin-related N-acylhydrazones have never been tested by their antiparasitic potential.Objective:Herein, we report the synthesis of seven analogues, three of them unpublished, their biological investigation against Schistosoma mansoni and Target Fishing studies.Methods:The compounds were synthesized following classical synthetical approaches. The anthelmintic potential was assessed as well as their cytotoxicity profile. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and target fishing study were performed to better understand the observed antischistosomal activity.Results:Compound GPQF-407 exhibited good antischistosomal activity (47.91 µM) with suitable selectivity index (4.14). Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that it triggered severe tegumental destruction and tubercle disintegration. Target fishing studies pointed out some probable targets, such as the serine-threonine kinases, dihydroorotate dehydrogenases and carbonic anhydrase II.Conclusion:The GPQF-407 was revealed to be a promising antischistosomal agent which, besides presenting the N-acylhydrazone privileged scaffold, also could be easily synthesized on large scales from commercially available materials.
Chemistry and Effects of Brainstem Acting Drugs
Authors: Saganuwan Saganuwan Alhaji 
Published: June 2019

Background:Brain is the most sensitive organ, whereas brainstem is the most important part of Central Nervous System (CNS). It connects the brain and the spinal cord. However, a myriad of drugs and chemicals affects CNS with severe resultant effects on the brainstem.Methods:In view of this, a number of literature were assessed for information on the most sensitive part of brain, drugs and chemicals that act on the brainstem and clinical benefit and risk assessment of such drugs and chemicals.Results:Findings have shown that brainstem regulates heartbeat, respiration and because it connects the brain and spinal cord, all the drugs that act on the spinal cord may overall affect the systems controlled by the spinal cord and brain. The message is sent and received by temporal lobe, occipital lobe, frontal lobe, parietal lobe and cerebellum.Conclusion:Hence, the chemical functional groups of the brainstem and drugs acting on brainstem are complementary, and may produce either stimulation or depression of CNS.
Olfactory Dysfunction Mediates Adiposity in Cognitive Impairment of Type 2 Diabetes: Insights From Clinical and Functional Neuroimaging Studies
Authors: Zhang Zhou , Zhang Bing , Wang Xin , Zhang Xin , Yang Qing X. , Qing Zhao , Zhang Wen , Zhu Dalong , Bi Yan 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVELarge numbers of people with type 2 diabetes are obese. However, changes in cognition and related brain function in obese people with diabetes have not been characterized. Here, we investigated cognition, olfactory function, and odor-induced brain alterations in these patients and therapeutic effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1Ras) on their psychological behavior and olfactory networks.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSCognitive, olfactory, and odor-induced brain activation assessments were administered to 35 obese and 35 nonobese people with type 2 diabetes and 35 control subjects matched for age, sex, and education. Among them, 20 obese individuals with diabetes with inadequate glycemic control and metformin monotherapy received GLP-1Ra treatment for 3 months and were reassessed for metabolic, cognitive, olfactory, and neuroimaging changes.RESULTSObese subjects with diabetes demonstrated lower general cognition and olfactory threshold scores, decreased left hippocampal activation, and disrupted seed-based functional connectivity with right insula compared with nonobese subjects with diabetes. Negative associations were found between adiposity and episodic memory and between fasting insulin and processing speed test time in diabetes. Mediation analyses showed that olfactory function and left hippocampus activation mediated these correlations. With 3-month GLP-1Ra treatment, obese subjects with diabetes exhibited improved Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score, olfactory test total score, and enhanced odor-induced right parahippocampus activation.CONCLUSIONSObese subjects with type 2 diabetes showed impaired cognition and dysfunctional olfaction and brain networks, the latter of which mediated adiposity in cognitive impairment of diabetes. GLP-1Ras ameliorated cognitive and olfactory abnormalities in obese subjects with diabetes, providing new perspectives for early diagnosis and therapeutic approaches for cognitive decrements in these patients.
Effects of Exercise in Addition to a Family-Based Lifestyle Intervention Program on Hepatic Fat in Children With Overweight
Authors: Labayen Idoia , Medrano María , Arenaza Lide , Maíz Edurne , Osés Maddi , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE
Pediatric hepatic steatosis is highly prevalent and closely related to type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of supervised exercise to a family-based lifestyle and psycho-educational intervention results in greater reduction of percentage of hepatic fat (HF), adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children with overweight/obesity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study subjects of this nonrandomized, two-arm, parallel design clinical trial were 116 overweight/obese children (10.6 ± 1.1 years of age, 53.4% girls) living in Vitoria-Gasteiz (Spain). For 22 weeks, they followed either a lifestyle and psycho-education program (control intervention [CInt], N = 57), consisting of two family-based education sessions/month, or the same plus supervised exercise (intensive intervention [II], N = 59) focused mainly on high-intensity aerobic workouts (3 sessions/week, 90 min/session). The primary outcome was the change in percentage of HF (as measured by MRI) between baseline and the end of the intervention period. Secondary outcomes included changes in BMI, fat mass index (FMI), abdominal fat (measured by DEXA), blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, γ-glutamyl transferase, glucose, and insulin concentrations.

RESULTS
A total of 102 children completed the trial (N = 53 and N = 49 in the CInt and II groups, respectively). Percentage of HF decreased only in the II group (−1.20 ± 0.31% vs. 0.04 ± 0.30%, II and CInt groups, respectively), regardless of baseline value and any change in adiposity (P &lt; 0.01). BMI, FMI, abdominal fat (P ≤ 0.001), and insulin (P &lt; 0.05) were reduced in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Multicomponent intervention programs that include exercise training may help to reduce adiposity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in overweight/obese children.
Estado de la prescripción por enfermería en la región Costa de Oaxaca
Authors: Vásquez Martínez Josué 
Published: June 2019

La prescripción enfermera ha crecido significativamente en todo el mundo durante la última década. Recientemente en México se adicionó el artículo 28 Bis a la Ley General de Salud: ahí se enuncia que los licenciados en enfermería podrán prescribir cuando no se cuente con los servicios de un médico. A la fecha no existe ningún estudio a nivel nacional y mucho menos uno a nivel local que muestre el estado que guarda la prescripción por enfermería. Consecuentemente, el objetivo de este trabajo se centra en describir el estado de esta práctica en la región Costa de Oaxaca. Para ello se empleó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, con un análisis descriptivo y de alcance transversal. La población estuvo constituida por 86 licenciados en enfermería adscritos a la Jurisdicción Sanitaria 04 Costa del estado de Oaxaca y que laboran en el primer nivel de atención. Y la muestra final constó de 11 licenciados en enfermería seleccionados por conveniencia. Se diseñó una encuesta con 10 preguntas y para el análisis de los datos se empleó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 22, en donde se utilizaron las funciones de estadísticos descriptivos y respuestas múltiples.
De entre los resultados, 54.5 % de los participantes dijo contar con los conocimientos adecuados para realizar el diagnóstico correcto de la patología. Sin embargo, un idéntico porcentaje mencionó no haber escuchado nunca sobre el artículo 28 Bis de la Ley General de Salud, hasta que fue mencionado en la aplicación de la encuesta. Pese a ello, el total de los participantes prescribe en los centros de salud. El medicamento más prescrito fue el paracetamol (12.4 %). Por último, el total de los participantes estuvo de acuerdo en que el profesional de enfermería debe prescribir. A partir de lo anterior en este estudio se plantea que los licenciados en enfermería que laboran en el primer nivel de atención en centros de salud de la Secretaría de Salud de la región Costa del estado de Oaxaca sí prescriben y asumen dicha práctica como una función del gremio.
UNA MIRADA A LA AGROINDUSTRIA DE EXTRACCIÓN DE ALMIDÓN DE YUCA, DESDE LA ESTANDARIZACIÓN DE PROCESOS (VIEW OF AGROINDUSTRY OF CASSAVA STARCH EXTRACTION FROM THE PROCESS STANDARDIZATION)
Authors: Torres Patricia , Pérez Andrea , Marmolejo Luis F. , Ordóñez José A. , García Reniel E. 
Published: June 2019

La agroindustria de extracción de almidón de yuca hace parte importante de la economía de Colombia, concentrándose su producción en el departamento del Cauca; el proceso emplea raíces frescas de yuca, agua y energía eléctrica como principales recursos, generando residuos sólidos y líquidos cuyo inadecuado aprovechamiento o vertimiento trae impactos ambientales y económicos. En este estudio se formularon medidas para la optimización de los procesos apoyándose en herramientas como el balance de masa y el estudio de métodos, tiempos y movimientos, considerando el contexto tecnológico y socioeconómico del sector. Los resultados mostraron una eficiencia del proceso entre 51 % y 59 %; se identificó que la etapa de colado presenta el mayor consumo de agua y generación de residuos sólidos (afrecho), la etapa de sedimentación genera la mayor cantidad de residuos líquidos con elevada carga contaminante. Se evidenció la necesidad de estandarizar y optimizar las etapas de lavado-pelado y colado por requerir los mayores tiempos, incrementar la capacidad del rallado (etapa crítica que influye en la eficiencia del proceso y calidad del almidón) y registrar la información del proceso como estrategia de control.Abstract: In Colombia, the agroindustry of cassava-starch extraction is an important sector of the country's economy; production is focused in Cauca Department; this process uses fresh cassava-roots, water, and electricity as main resources, generating solid and liquid wastes whose inadequate use or disposal brings environmental and economic impacts. In this study were made measures for process optimization supported by tools such as mass balance and study methods, time and motion, considering the technological and socio-economic context of the sector. The results showed process-efficiency between 51 and 59 %; it was identified that the straining stage has the highest water consumption and solid waste generation (fiber cassava pulp); the starch slurry’s sedimentation stage generates the most amount of liquid wastes with high-pollution load. It evidenced the need to standardize and optimize the washing-peeling and strain stages because they require the largest process times; to increase the grating-rasping machine capacity (this critical stage influences the process efficiency and the final starch quality) besides recording the process information as control strategy.
PHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION AND ANTIMYCOTIC POTENTIAL OF VARIOUS SECONDARY METABOLITES OF GYMNEA SYLVESTRE
Authors: NARWAL MRRIDULA DANGI 
Published: June 2019

The present paper reports the phytochemical and micropropagation investigations of an undermined plant, Gymnema sylvestre. Gymnema sylvestre which has a place with the family Asclepiadaceae is a lasting moderate developing restorative woody climber generally called as “Gudmar“. There is a developing interest for leaves of G. sylvestre in the pharmaceutical exchange because of its utilization as a solution for diabetes and furthermore as a tonic of the nerves and as a diuretic. Proliferation of this plant is regularly hard and costly. In the present review the subjective examination affirmed the nearness of different phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides. Quantitative estimation of flavonoids and phenols was likewise completed and antimycotic potential further evaluated using standardized assays. In vitro proliferation is an option technique for spread of the undermined and imperiled plant which can help its preservation. The nodal explants were refined on MS medium containing diverse focus and mixes of development controllers like 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and indoleacetic corrosive (IAA). Different shoot buds were regener-ated effectively from the nodal explants which were proficiently established on 1⁄2 quality MS medium supplemented with IBA. The recovered plantlets were effectively exchanged to the glasshouse, acclimatized and exchanged to the field.