bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Core Curriculum to Facilitate the Expansion of a Rheumatology Practice to Include Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants
Authors: Smith Benjamin J. , Bolster Marcy B. , Slusher Barbara , Stamatos Christine , Scott Jeanne R. , Benham Heather , Kazi Salahuddin , Schlenk Elizabeth A. , Schaffer Daniel E. , Majithia Vikas , Brown Calvin R. , Von Feldt Joan M. , Flood Joseph , Haag David M. , Smarr Karen L. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveDue to an aging population, increasing prevalence of rheumatic disease, and a growing supply and demand gap of rheumatology providers, innovative solutions are needed to meet the needs of persons with rheumatic conditions. Nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) have been identified as a group of health professionals who could help address the workforce shortage. The Executive Committee of the Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals (ARHP), a division of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR), charged a task force to facilitate the preparation of NPs/PAs to work in a rheumatology practice setting.MethodsThe task force, consisting of private practice and academic rheumatologists, and NPs and PAs, from both adult and pediatric settings, conducted a needs assessment survey of current NPs and PAs to identify mechanisms for acquiring rheumatology knowledge. Through face‐to‐face and webinar meetings, and incorporating stakeholder feedback, the task force designed a rheumatology curriculum outline to enrich the training of new NPs and PAs joining rheumatology practice.ResultsInformed by the needs assessment data and stakeholders, an NP/PA rheumatology curriculum outline was developed and endorsed by the ACR Board of Directors for use by community‐based and academic rheumatology practices, whether pediatric or adult, who desire to add NPs and PAs to their practice setting.ConclusionAs rheumatology is facing workforce shortages, the ACR/ARHP rheumatology curriculum outline can be utilized to train NPs and PAs and create more efficient integration of NPs and PAs into rheumatology practice.
Racial Disparities in the Incidence of Primary Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in the Southeastern US: The Georgia Lupus Registry
Authors: Drenkard Cristina , Parker Sareeta , Aspey Laura D. , Gordon Caroline , Helmick Charles G. , Bao Gaobin , Lim S. Sam 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveRelative to studies of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), epidemiologic studies of chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) are rare and are limited to populations with no racial diversity. We sought to provide minimum estimates of the incidence of primary CCLE (CCLE in the absence of SLE) in a population comprised predominantly of white individuals and black individuals in the southeastern region of the US.MethodsThe Georgia Lupus Registry allowed for the use of multiple sources for case‐finding, including dermatology and rheumatology practices, multispecialty health care facilities, and dermatopathology reports. Cases with a clinical or clinical/histologic diagnosis of CCLE were classified as definite. Cases ascertained exclusively from dermatopathology reports were categorized as probable. Age‐standardized incidence rates stratified by sex and race were calculated for discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) in particular and for CCLE in general.ResultsThe overall age‐adjusted estimates for combined (definite and probable) CCLE were 3.9 per 100,000 person‐years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.4–4.5). The overall age‐adjusted incidences of definite and combined DLE were 2.9 (95% CI 2.4–3.4) and 3.7 (95% CI 3.2–4.3) per 100,000 person‐years, respectively. When capture–recapture methods were used, the age‐adjusted incidence of definite DLE increased to 4.0 (95% CI 3.2–4.3). The black:white and female:male incidence ratios for definite DLE were 5.4 and 3.1, respectively.ConclusionOur findings underscore the striking racial disparities in susceptibility to primary CCLE, with black individuals having a 3‐fold to 5‐fold increased incidence of CCLE in general, and DLE in particular, compared with white individuals. The observed sex differences were consistent with those reported previously, with a 3 times higher risk of DLE in women compared with men.
The Impact of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus on the Clinical Phenotype of Antiphospholipid Antibody–Positive Patients: Results From the AntiPhospholipid Syndrome Alliance for Clinical Trials and InternatiOnal Clinical Database and Repository
Authors: Unlu Ozan , Erkan Doruk , Barbhaiya Medha , Andrade Danieli , Nascimento Iana , Rosa Renata , Banzato Alessandra , Pengo Vittorio , Ugarte Amaia , Gerosa Maria , Ji Lanlan , Efthymiou Maria , Branch D. Ware , de Jesus Guilherme Ramires , Tincani Angela , Belmont H. Michael , Fortin Paul R. , Petri Michelle , Rodriguez Esther , Pons‐Estel Guillermo J. , Knight Jason S. , Atsumi Tatsuya , Willis Rohan , Zuily Stephane , Tektonidou Maria G. ,   the AntiPhospholipid Syndrome Alliance for Clinical Trials and InternatiOnal Networking Investigators
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveAlthough systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the most common autoimmune disease associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), limited data exist regarding the impact of SLE on the clinical phenotype of aPL‐positive patients. The primary objective of this study was to compare the clinical, laboratory, and treatment characteristics of aPL‐positive patients with SLE with those of aPL‐positive patients without SLE.MethodsA secure web‐based data capture system was used to store patient demographic characteristics and aPL‐related clinical and laboratory characteristics. Inclusion criteria included positive aPL according to the updated Sapporo classification criteria. Antiphospholipid antibody–positive patients fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria for the classification of SLE (“aPL with SLE”) and those with no other autoimmune diseases (“aPL only”) were included in the analysis.ResultsSix hundred seventy‐two aPL‐positive patients were recruited from 24 international centers; 426 of these patients did not have other autoimmune disease, and 197 had SLE. The frequency of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, low complement levels, and IgA anti–β2‐glycoprotein I (anti‐β2GPI) antibodies was higher in the aPL‐positive patients with SLE, whereas the frequency of cognitive dysfunction and IgG anti‐β2GPI antibodies was higher in the aPL‐only group. The frequency of arterial and venous thromboses (including recurrent) as well as pregnancy morbidity was similar in the 2 groups. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors at the time of entry into the registry entry did not differ between the 2 groups, with the exception of current smoking, which was more frequent in aPL‐positive patients with SLE.ConclusionAlthough the frequencies of thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity are similar in aPL‐positive patients with and those without SLE, the diagnosis of SLE in patients with persistently positive aPL is associated with an increased frequency of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, low complement levels, and positive IgA anti‐β2GPI antibodies.
Enhanced Charge Separation Efficiency in DNA Templated Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Toschi Francesco , Catone Daniele , O'Keeffe Patrick , Paladini Alessandra , Turchini Stefano , Dagar Janardan , Brown Thomas M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe insertion of a DNA nanolayer into polymer based solar cells, between the electron transport layer (ETL) and the active material, is proposed to improve the charge separation efficiency. Complete bulk heterojunction donor–acceptor solar cells of the layered type glass/electrode (indium tin oxide)/ETL/P3HT:PC70BM/hole transport layer/electrode (Ag) are investigated using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy both in the NIR and the UV–vis regions of the spectrum. The transient spectral changes indicate that when the DNA is deposited on the ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO‐NPs) it can imprint a different long range order on the poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) polymer with respect to the non‐ZnO‐NPs/DNA containing cells. This leads to a larger delocalization of the initially formed exciton and its faster quenching which is attributed to more efficient exciton dissociation. Finally, the temporal response of the NIR absorption shows that the DNA promotes more efficient production of charge transfer states and free polarons in the P3HT cation indicating that the increased exciton dissociation correlates with increased charge separation.
High‐Performance Polypyrrole/Graphene/SnCl2 Modified Polyester Textile Electrodes and Yarn Electrodes for Wearable Energy Storage
Authors: Li Xiaolong , Liu Rong , Xu Chunyang , Bai Yang , Zhou Xiaoming , Wang Yongji , Yuan Guohui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFlexible supercapacitors have potential for wearable energy storage due to their high energy/power densities and long operating lifetimes. High electrochemical performance with robust mechanical properties is highly desired for flexible supercapacitor electrodes. Usually, the mechanical properties are improved by choosing high flexible textile substrates but at the much expense of electrochemical performance due to the nonideal contact between conductive materials and textile substrates. Herein, the authors present an efficient, scalable, and general strategy for the simultaneous fabrication of high‐performance textile electrodes and yarn electrodes. It is interesting to find that the conformal reduced graphene oxide (RGO) layer is uniformly and successively painted on the surface of SnCl2 modified polyester fibers (M‐PEF) via a repeated “dyeing and drying” strategy. The large‐area textile electrodes and ultralong yarn electrodes are fabricated by using RGO/M‐PEF as substrate with subsequent deposition of polypyrrole. This work provides new opportunities for developing high flexible textile electrodes and yarn electrodes with further increased electrochemical performance and scalable production.
Significant Enhancement of Photothermal and Photoacoustic Efficiencies for Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles through Simply Molecular Engineering
Authors: Dong Tao , Wen Kaikai , Chen Jun , Xie Jin , Fan Weili , Ma Han , Yang Lei , Wu Xiaoxi , Xu Fujian , Peng Aidong , Huang Hui 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSemiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SP NPs) are employed as efficient nanoagents for “all‐in‐one” theranostic nanoplatforms with dual photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT) functions based on their photothermal conversion effect. However, the mechanisms of tuning the PTT efficiency are still elusive, though several SP NPs with high photothermal efficiency are reported. Herein, two donor–acceptor (D–A) SP NPs PTIGSVS and PIIGSVS with the same donor unit but different acceptor units are designed and synthesized. Through tuning the acceptor unit, PTIGSVS shows more planar backbone structure, stronger D–A strength, redshifted absorption, enhanced extinction efficient, weakened emission properties, and more efficient nonradiative decay in comparison to the polymeric analogue PIIGSVS. Thus, PTIGSVS NPs present much higher photothermal conversion efficiencies (74%) than PIIGSVS NPs (11%), resulting in significantly enhanced in vitro and in vivo PAI and PTT performance. This contribution demonstrates that PTIGSVS NPs are superior PA/PTT agents for effective cancer theranostic and shed light on understanding the relationship between molecular structures and photothermal effect of CPs.
Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Energy Conversion in Ultrathin Film Photoanodes with Hierarchically Tailorable Mesoscale Structure
Authors: Norman Mya A. , Perez Walker L. , Kline Chandler C. , Coridan Robert H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHighly porous electrode designs are often employed for photoelectrochemical energy conversion applications. “Inverse opal” structures generate high surface area electrodes to enhance light absorption in semiconductors with short carrier collection lengths, effectively increasing the optical depth of ultrathin film photoelectrodes. Here, the fabrication of hierarchically structured, “host–guest” photoelectrodes based on selective atomic layer deposition of ZnO in composite polystyrene–SiO2 nanosphere films is described. Nanostructured scaffolds for ultrathin film photoanodes are prepared with a facile, continuously tunable solution‐phase synthesis. The characteristic length scales for absorption, carrier collection, and mass transport can be independently engineered into the electrode by choosing appropriate colloidal components for the composite scaffold. 20 nm ZnO photoanode layers based on the “host–guest” architecture exhibit roughly 500 times the photocurrent generated on an equivalent planar electrode and a 430% increase over a photoanode structured by a scaffold comprised of a close‐packed assembly of identical SiO2 nanospheres. This results from an improved balance of reactant mass transport and the locus of light absorption throughout the electrode. This approach offers a facile route for preparing strategically nanostructured photoelectrodes based on strategies developed from more complex fabrication techniques.
Lowering Internal Friction of 0D–1D–2D Ternary Nanocomposite‐Based Strain Sensor by Fullerene to Boost the Sensing Performance
Authors: Shi Xinlei , Liu Shuiren , Sun Yang , Liang Jiajie , Chen Yongsheng 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe development of strain sensors with both large strain range (>50%) and high gauge factor (>100) is a grand challenge. High sensitivity requires material to perform considerable structural deformation under tiny strain, whereas high stretchability demands structural connection or morphological integrity for materials upon large deformation, yet both features are hard to be achieved in one thin film. A new 0D–1D–2D ternary nanocomposite–based strain sensor is developed that possesses high sensitivity in broad working strain range (gauge factor 2392.9 at 62%), low hysteresis, good linearity, and long‐term durability. The skin‐mountable strain sensor, fabricated through one‐step screen‐printing process, is made of 1D silver nanowire offering high electrical conductivity, 2D graphene oxide offering brittle layered structure, and 0D fullerene offering lubricity. The fullerene constitutes a critical component that lowers the friction between graphene oxide–based layers and facilitates the sliding between adjacent layers without hurting the brittle nature of the nanocomposite film. When stretching, layer slippage induced by fullerene can accommodate partial applied stress and boost the strain, while cracks originating and propagating in the brittle nanocomposite film ensure large resistance change over the whole working strain range. Such high comprehensive performance renders the strain sensor applicable to full‐spectrum human motion detection.
Large Enhancement of 2D Electron Gases Mobility Induced by Interfacial Localized Electron Screening Effect
Authors: Chi Xiao , Huang Zhen , Asmara Teguh C. , Han Kun , Yin Xinmao , Yu Xiaojiang , Diao Caozheng , Yang Ming , Schmidt Daniel , Yang Ping , Trevisanutto Paolo E. , Whitcher T. J. , Venkatesan T. , Breese Mark B. H. , Ariando  , Rusydi Andrivo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe interactions between delocalized and localized charges play important roles in correlated electron systems. Here, using a combination of transport measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) supported by theoretical calculations, we reveal the important role of interfacial localized charges and their screening effects in determining the mobility of (La0.3Sr0.7)(Al0.65Ta0.35)O3/SrTiO3 (LSAT/SrTiO3) interfaces. When the LSAT layer thickness reaches the critical value of 5 uc, the insulating interface abruptly becomes conducting, accompanied by the appearance of a new midgap state. This midgap state emerges at ≈1 eV below the Ti t2g band and shows a strong character of Ti 3dxy – O 2p hybridization. Increasing the LSAT layer from 5 to 18 uc, the number of localized charges increases, resulting in an enhanced screening effect and higher mobile electron mobility. This observation contradicts the traditional semiconductor interface where the localized charges always suppress the carrier mobility. These results demonstrate a new strategy to probe localized charges and mobile electrons in correlated electronic systems and highlight the important role of screening effects from localized charges in improving the mobile electron mobility at complex oxide interfaces.
Enhanced Photochemical/Electrochemical Performance of Graphene Benefited from Morphological Change as Substrate of Typical Composites
Authors: Pan Meilan , Shan Chao , Hua Ming , Guo Shengqi , Pan Bingcai , Gao Guandao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGraphene supporting nanoparticles (NPs@G) are one of the hottest topics in the field of graphene application because the resultant nanocomposites inhibit the intrinsic aggregation of the free NPs and facilitate NP recycle as well. However, the morphological change of graphene in NPs@G and subsequent effects on their performances are now neglected. Here, for the first time, it is verified that graphene confined in NPs@G becomes flatter than the separate graphene sheets by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy analysis. Most importantly, the flatter graphene in NPs@G can enhance electron transfer across/along the graphene surface, resulting in much better performance of the composites for photochemical/electrochemical water treatment. These findings are believed to help to better understand the role of graphene in NPs@G and design novel graphene–based nanocomposites which are the hot topics in almost all aspects.
Coupled Dirac Plasmons in Topological Insulators
Authors: Ginley Theresa P. , Law Stephanie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTopological insulators are predicted to house spin‐polarized 2D Dirac plasmons. In topological insulator thin films, Dirac plasmons on the top and bottom surfaces are coupled, giving rise to an unusual dispersion relationship. These plasmons are of interest both for fundamental science as well as applications in terahertz sensing and waveguiding. In this article, conclusive evidence is presented for coupled Dirac plasmons excited in the surface states of topological insulator thin film stripe arrays by investigating how the plasmon frequency depends on both film thickness and stripe width. Bi2Se3 films of thickness 50–200 nm are patterned into periodic stripes of width 1–4 µm to excite plasmons. The plasmon frequency dependence on both film thickness and stripe width is found to be in good agreement with theoretical models for coupling 2D Dirac plasmons. Alternative explanations such as 2D massive plasmons are shown to be inconsistent with data. Finally, effective mode indexes of up to 211 are reported, demonstrating incredible confinement of light in the terahertz frequency range.
Preparation and characterization of thermoplastic poly(urethane‐urea) solid–solid phase‐change materials for thermal energy storage
Authors: Wu Bo , Liu Zhimeng , Jiang Liang , Zhou Changlin , Lei Jingxin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThree kinds of thermoplastic poly(urethane‐urea) PCMs were synthesized by two‐step condensation polymerization for thermal energy storage. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was employed as the phase‐change functional chain, and three kinds of diamine compounds were individually adopted as chain extender. The chemical structure, crystalline properties, phase‐change behaviors, thermal stabilities, and reliabilities were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, polarizing optical microscopy, and thermogravimetric, respectively. The crystalline structure of synthesized thermoplastic PCMs is identical to pure PEG, but the spherulite size decreases to some extent due to the confined crystalline region. The synthesized thermoplastic PCMs have proper phase‐change temperature with high phase‐change enthalpy of about 88 J/g. The synthesized thermoplastic PCMs are stable at their processing and working temperature with the onset degradation temperature higher than 250°C, and tensile strength reaches 20.59 MPa. Thus, the synthesized thermoplastic PCMs can be processed into desirable shape for the special applications in energy storage.
Mapping the origins of Imperial Roman workers (1st–4th century CE) at Vagnari, Southern Italy, using 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O variability
Authors: Emery Matthew V. , Stark Robert J. , Murchie Tyler J. , Elford Spencer , Schwarcz Henry P. , Prowse Tracy L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractObjectivesWe obtained the oxygen and strontium isotope composition of teeth from Roman period (1st to 4th century CE) inhabitants buried in the Vagnari cemetery (Southern Italy), and present the first strontium isotope variation map of the Italian peninsula using previously published data sets and new strontium data. We test the hypothesis that the Vagnari population was predominantly composed of local individuals, instead of migrants originating from abroad.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the oxygen (18O/16O) and strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope composition of 43 teeth. We also report the 87Sr/86Sr composition of an additional 13 molars, 87Sr/86Sr values from fauna (n = 10), and soil (n = 5) samples local to the area around Vagnari. The 87Sr/86Sr variation map of Italy uses 87Sr/86Sr values obtained from previously published data sources from across Italy (n = 199).ResultsConverted tooth carbonate (δ18ODW) and 87Sr/86Sr data indicate that the majority of individuals buried at Vagnari were local to the region. ArcGIS bounded Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation of the pan‐Italian 87Sr/86Sr data set approximates the expected 87Sr/86Sr range of Italy's geological substratum, producing the first strontium map of the Italian peninsula.DiscussionResults suggest that only 7% of individuals buried at Vagnari were born elsewhere and migrated to Vagnari, while the remaining individuals were either local to Vagnari (58%), or from the southern Italian peninsula (34%). Our results are consistent with the suggestion that Roman Imperial lower‐class populations in southern Italy sustained their numbers through local reproduction measures, and not through large‐scale immigration from outside the Italian peninsula.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin Hydrocarbons
Authors: Rottschäfer Dennis , Ho Nga Kim T. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , van Gastel Maurice , Andrada Diego M. , Ghadwal Rajendra S. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractStable N‐heterocyclic carbene analogues of Thiele and Chichibabin hydrocarbons, [(IPr)(C6H4)(IPr)] and [(IPr)(C6H4)2(IPr)] (4 and 5, respectively; IPr=C{N(2,6‐iPr2C6H3)}2CHCH), are reported. In a nickel‐catalyzed double carbenylation of 1,4‐Br2C6H4 and 4,4′‐Br2(C6H4)2 with IPr (1), [(IPr)(C6H4)(IPr)](Br)2 (2) and [(IPr)(C6H4)2(IPr)](Br)2 (3) were generated, which respectively afforded 4 and 5 as crystalline solids upon reduction with KC8. Experimental and computational studies support the semiquinoidal nature of 5 with a small singlet−triplet energy gap ΔES−T of 10.7 kcal mol−1, whereas 4 features more quinoidal character with a rather large ΔES−T of 25.6 kcal mol−1. In view of the low ΔES−T, 4 and 5 may be described as biradicaloids. Moreover, 5 has considerable (41 %) diradical character.