bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autophagy repression by antigen and cytokines shapes mitochondrial, migration and effector machinery in CD8 T cells
Authors: Sinclair Linda V. , Youdale Tom , Spinelli Laura , Gakovic Milica , Langlands Alistair J. , Pathak Shalini , Howden Andrew J. M. , Ganley Ian G. , Cantrell Doreen A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Autophagy shapes CD8 T cell fate; yet the timing, triggers and targets of this process are poorly defined. Herein, we show that naive CD8 T cells have high autophagic flux, and we identify an autophagy checkpoint whereby antigen receptor engagement and inflammatory cytokines acutely repress autophagy by regulating amino acid transporter expression and intracellular amino acid delivery. Activated T cells with high levels of amino acid transporters have low autophagic flux in amino-acid-replete conditions but rapidly reinduce autophagy when amino acids are restricted. A census of proteins degraded and fueled by autophagy shows how autophagy shapes CD8 T cell proteomes. In cytotoxic T cells, dominant autophagy substrates include cytolytic effector molecules, and amino acid and glucose transporters. In naive T cells, mitophagy dominates and selective mitochondrial pruning supports the expression of molecules that coordinate T cell migration and survival. Autophagy thus differentially prunes naive and effector T cell proteomes and is dynamically repressed by antigen receptors and inflammatory cytokines to shape T cell differentiation.
Sequence processing with quantum-inspired tensor networks
Authors: Harvey Carys , Yeung Richie , Meichanetzidis Konstantinos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We introduce efficient tensor network models for sequence processing motivated by correspondence to probabilistic graphical models, interpretability and resource compression. Inductive bias is introduced via network architecture as motivated by correlation and compositional structure in the data. We create expressive networks utilising tensors that are both complex and unitary. As such they may be represented by parameterised quantum circuits and describe physical processes. The relevant inductive biases result in networks with logarithmic treewidth which is paramount for avoiding trainability issues in these spaces. For the same reason, they are also efficiently contractable or ‘quantum-inspired’. We demonstrate experimental results for the task of binary classification of bioinformatics and natural language, characterised by long-range correlations and often equipped with syntactic information. This work provides a scalable route for experimentation on the role of tensor structure and syntactic priors in NLP. Since these models map operationally to the qubits of a quantum processor, unbiased sampling equates to taking measurements on the quantum state encoding the learnt probability distribution. We demonstrate implementation on Quantinuum’s H2-1 trapped-ion quantum processor, showing the potential of near-term quantum devices.
Comparative performance analysis of hemispherical solar stills using date and olive kernels as heat storage material
Authors: Khelifi Reski , Chekifi Tawfiq , Belaid Abdelfetah , Guermoui Mawloud , Rabehi Abdelaziz , Khaled Ferkous , Adouane Mabrouk , Al-Qattan Ayman , Agajie Takele Ferede 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the performance of hemispherical solar stills (HSS) enhanced with date kernels and olive kernels as heat storage materials to improve water distillation efficiency. By utilizing these natural and sustainable materials, the research highlights an alternative to synthetic options. Rigorous experimentation and detailed analysis under identical conditions reveal that both kernels significantly improve heat retention and water production rates. The HSS with date kernels (HSSDK) achieved a daily water productivity of 6.66 kg/m2 day, representing an efficiency increase of 10.87%, while the HSS with olive kernels (HSSOK) produced 8.00 kg/m2 day, enhancing efficiency by 13.54%. The cost per m3 of distilled water for HSSDK is approximately USD 4.65, while HSSOK costs USD 3.89, compared to USD 7.83 for the conventional CHSS system. These results demonstrate that the inclusion of heat storage materials has significantly reduced the cost of water production, with reductions of about 40% for HSSDK and 50% for HSSOK compared to the conventional system. These results are attributed to the high thermal conductivity and specific heat capacities of the kernels, enabling effective heat storage and gradual release. This study demonstrates the potential of agricultural by-products as cost-effective and sustainable solutions for solar water distillation. Further research is recommended to optimize the quantities and configurations of these materials, as well as to explore their integration with other renewable energy systems to enhance overall efficiency and sustainability.
Enhanced expression of dystrophin, IGF-1, CD44 and MYH3 in plasma and skeletal muscles including diaphragm of mdx mice after oral administration of Neu REFIX beta 1,3-1,6 glucan
Authors: Preethy Senthilkumar , Sakamoto Shuji , Higuchi Takuma , Ichiyama Koji , Yamamoto Naoki , Ikewaki Nobunao , Iwasaki Masaru , Dedeepiya Vidyasagar Devaprasad , Srinivasan Subramaniam , Raghavan Kadalraja , Rajmohan Mathaiyan , Senthilkumar Rajappa , Abraham Samuel JK 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare genetic disease, causing muscle degeneration due to lack of dystrophin with inadequate muscle regeneration culminating in muscle dysfunction. The N-163 strain of Aureobasidium Pullulans produced Beta-1,3 − 1,6-glucan (Neu REFIX) reported to be safe with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic efficacy earlier, herein we evaluated its effects on muscle regeneration in mdx mice. Forty-five mice in three groups (n = 15 each): Group 1 (normal), Group 2 (mdx control), and Group 3 (mdx fed Neu REFIX) were evaluated for 45 days. IGF-1, Dystrophin, CD44 and MYH3 in diaphragm, plasma and skeletal muscle were evaluated by ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Mean IGF-1 expression was 20.32% and 16.27% higher in plasma (p = 0.03) and diaphragm respectively in Neu-REFIX group. Mean dystrophin was higher in Neu-REFIX group by 70.3% and 4.7% in diaphragm and plasma respectively than control. H-score intensity of CD44 + was > 2.0 with an MYH3-positivity 20% higher in Neu-REFIX than control. Oral administration of Neu REFIX was safe. Significantly enhanced plasma IGF-1 beside increased Dystrophin, MYH3 and CD44, proving a restoration of muscle regeneration and differentiation, especially in diaphragm, makes us recommend it as a disease modifying adjuvant in both early and advanced stages of DMD.
Poleward displacement of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies in response to Early Holocene warming
Authors: Perren Bianca B. , Kaiser Jérôme , Arz Helge W. , Dellwig Olaf , Hodgson Dominic A. , Lamy Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent intensification of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies has resulted in important changes to ocean circulation, Antarctic ice shelf stability and precipitation regimes in the continents abutting the Southern Ocean. Efforts to resolve the natural behaviour of the Westerlies over sub-millennial to millennial-timescales are critical to anticipating future changes with continued 21st Century warming. Here we present an ~11,000 year diatom-inferred sea salt aerosol and multiproxy geochemical record preserved in lake sediments from Cape Horn (56°S) which documents warm conditions and stronger-than-present Westerlies in the Early Holocene (10 000–7500 calibrated years before present) at this site. Combined with other regional records, we demonstrate that the Westerlies were poleward of their current position during the Early Holocene. This poleward migration of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies in response to peak Holocene warmth provides an analogue for future warming and greater impacts on the southern high latitudes and global climate in the coming decades.
Structure of the [Ca]E2P intermediate of Ca2+-ATPase 1 from Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Basse Hansen Sara , Flygaard Rasmus Kock , Kjaergaard Magnus , Nissen Poul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Active transport by P-type Ca2+-ATPases maintain internal calcium stores and a low cytosolic calcium concentration. Structural studies of mammalian sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPases (SERCA) have revealed several steps of the transport cycle, but a calcium-releasing intermediate has remained elusive. Single-molecule FRET studies of the bacterial Ca2+-ATPase LMCA1 revealed an intermediate of the transition between so-called [Ca]E1P and E2P states and suggested that calcium release from this intermediate was the essentially irreversible step of transport. Here, we present a 3.5 Å resolution cryo-EM structure for a four-glycine insertion mutant of LMCA1 in a lipid nanodisc obtained under conditions with calcium and ATP and adopting such an intermediate state, denoted [Ca]E2P. The cytosolic domains are positioned in the E2P-like conformation, while the calcium-binding transmembrane (TM) domain adopts a calcium-bound E1P-ADP-like conformation. Missing density for the E292 residue at the calcium site (the equivalent of SERCA1a E309) suggests flexibility and a site poised for calcium release and proton uptake. The structure suggests a mechanism where ADP release and re-organization of the cytoplasmic domains precede calcium release.
The spectrum of lysosomal stress and damage responses: from mechanosensing to inflammation
Authors: Scott Ori , Saran Ekambir , Freeman Spencer A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cells and tissues turn over their aged and damaged components in order to adapt to a changing environment and maintain homeostasis. These functions rely on lysosomes, dynamic and heterogeneous organelles that play essential roles in nutrient redistribution, metabolism, signaling, gene regulation, plasma membrane repair, and immunity. Because of metabolic fluctuations and pathogenic threats, lysosomes must adapt in the short and long term to maintain functionality. In response to such challenges, lysosomes deploy a variety of mechanisms that prevent the breaching of their membrane and escape of their contents, including pathogen-associated molecules and hydrolases. While transient permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane can have acute beneficial effects, supporting inflammation and antigen cross-presentation, sustained or repeated lysosomal perforations have adverse metabolic and transcriptional consequences and can lead to cell death. This review outlines factors contributing to lysosomal stress and damage perception, as well as remedial processes aimed at addressing lysosomal disruptions. We conclude that lysosomal stress plays widespread roles in human physiology and pathology, the understanding and manipulation of which can open the door to novel therapeutic strategies.
Laryngeal Aerodynamics, Acoustics, and Hypernasality in Children With Cleft Palate
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Munday John , Johnson Rebecca , Thibeault Susan L. 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between laryngeal aerodynamics, acoustics, and hypernasality in children with cleft palate with or without lip (CP ± L).

Method:

This study used a prospectively performed cross-sectional design. Fifty-six children between the ages of 6 and 17 years with CP ± L participated (
M
age
= 11.7,
SD
= 3.4; male = 32, female = 24). Children were separated into four groups based on auditory-perceptual ratings of hypernasality made using the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech-Augmented-Americleft Modification protocol. Laryngeal aerodynamic measures including subglottal pressure, transglottal airflow, laryngeal aerodynamic resistance (LAR), and phonation threshold pressure were collected. Acoustic measures of smoothed cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and low-to-high ratio on sustained vowels and connected speech were also considered. Analyses controlled for age, sex, auditory-perceptual ratings of voice quality, and speech intelligibility.

Results:
Children with minimally or mildly hypernasal resonance demonstrated significantly increased subglottal pressure, reduced transglottal airflow, and increased LAR, when compared with children with balanced or moderately hypernasal resonance. CPP on sustained vowel was significantly lower for children with moderate hypernasality when compared with all other groups—suggesting poorer voice quality. Other acoustic measures were in or near normative pediatric range.

Conclusions:
Children with CP ± L and minimal or mildly hypernasal resonance demonstrated aerodynamic voice measures indicative of vocal hyperfunction. These findings suggest that children with CP ± L may compensate for velopharyngeal dysfunction on a laryngeal level, thus increasing the risk of laryngeal pathology. Future study should explore the relationship between laryngeal function and velopharyngeal port closure and consider how voice problems can be prevented or mitigated in children with CP ± L.
14N/15N abundance ratio toward massive star-forming regions with different Galactic distances
Authors: Ruan Chang , Wang Junzhi , Ou Chao , Li Juan , Zhang Bo 
Published: February 2025

Context. The abundance ratio of 14N/15N is, in principle, a powerful tool for tracing stellar nucleosynthesis.
Aims. This work aims to measure and analyze (14N/15N) × (13C/12C) and 14N/15N abundance ratios in massive star-forming regions across a range of galactocentric distances to provide constraints on galactic chemical evolution (GCE) models.
Methods. We present H13CN and HC15N J = 2–1 results toward 51massive star-forming regions obtained with the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 meter telescope. We used these results to derive (14N/15N) × (13C/12C) abundance ratios as well as 14N/15N ratios using the double isotope method.
Results. We find an overall decreasing trend in the (14N/15N) × (13C/12C) abundance ratio and an increasing trend in the 14N/15N ratio with increasing galactocentric distance (DGC), which provides a good constraint for the GCE model based on high signal to noise ratio measurements. While the predicted (14N/15N) × (13C/12C) ratios between 6 and 12 kpc determined using current GCE models are consistent with our observational results, the ratios from models for DGC less than 6 kpc are significantly higher than the observational results, which indicates GCE models for 14N/15N and/or 13C/12C ratios need to be updated for at least this range.
Reflecting on Challenges and Opportunities: Examining the Colour Economy of Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Estrada Salvador , Cabrera-Flores Mayer , León-Pozo Alicia , Cota-Cota Creta 
Published: February 2025

Nearly a quarter of a century has passed, and current socio-economic and cultural conditions necessitate new approaches to conceptualizing Economics. The framework of Colour Economics offers an opportunity to transcend paradigms. In contrast to prevailing economic thought, a vibrant spectrum of colours emerges. Through an in-depth analysis of the 15th RIDIT Conference proceedings, this study explores how various chromatic dimensions— from green, symbolizing environmental consciousness, to orange, representing creativity, yellow, denoting technological efficiency, and purple, associated with social inclusion—interact and occasionally conflict, providing a novel interpretation of development.
Our post-proceedings analysis reveals that economies of colour are not isolated but instead blend and adapt in contexts of resource scarcity and innovation. Three notable patterns emerge: informal sectors naturally create complex combinations of these economic hues, geographic and cultural contexts significantly influence how these colours interact, and undergo transformations as they flow across distinct economic domains.
These findings challenge traditional theoretical frameworks. Economies of colour must be understood in a fluid manner, particularly in developing communities, where necessity fosters innovation and entrepreneurship. The implications are far-reaching, influencing public policy and institutional structures, thus urging a reconsideration of how to foster and study innovation in an increasingly diverse economic landscape.
Sarkopene Adipositas im Alter: Ursachen, Folgen und
Behandlungsansätze
Authors: Rippl Michaela , Drey Michael , Schluessel Sabine 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungAdipositas ist ein bekanntes Gesundheitsproblem, das durch das gleichzeitige
Vorliegen einer Sarkopenie, also einem Verlust von Muskelmasse und -kraft,
verstärkt wird. Vor allem Hochaltrige sind häufiger von negativen
Gesundheitsfolgen wie Mobilitätseinschränkungen, chronischen Erkrankungen,
kognitiven Defiziten, reduzierter Lebensqualität und erhöhtem Mortalitätsrisiko
betroffen. In Deutschland liegt die Prävalenz bei über 65-Jährigen bei 4,5%.
Ursachen sind biologische Faktoren wie altersbedingter Muskelabbau, chronische
Entzündungen, hormonelle Veränderungen (z. B. Hormonmangel) sowie ein sitzender
Lebensstil und hochkalorische Ernährung. Laut ESPEN-EASO sollten alle über
70-Jährigen und Patient*innen und solche mit chronischen Erkrankungen auf
sarkopene Adipositas untersucht werden. Zur Diagnosestellung werden Muskelkraft
und Körperzusammensetzung (mittels DXA oder BIA) gemessen. Im Staging werden
bereits entstandene Folgeerkrankungen erfasst. Therapeutisch sind Krafttraining
und proteinreiche Ernährung zentral. Präventiv sollten Adipositas und Sarkopenie
durch regelmäßige Bewegung und ausgewogene Ernährung verhindert werden.
Measuring time-resolved heat transfer fluctuations on a heated-thin foil in a turbulent channel airflow
Authors: Cuellar Martin Antonio , Amico Enrico , Serpieri Jacopo , Cafiero Gioacchino , Baars Woutijn J , Discetti Stefano , Ianiro Andrea 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present an experimental setup to perform time-resolved convective heat transfer measurements in a turbulent channel flow with air as the working fluid. We employ a heated thin foil coupled with high-speed infrared thermography. The measurement technique is challenged by the thermal inertia of the foil, the high frequency of turbulent fluctuations, and the measurement noise of the infrared camera. We discuss in detail the advantages and drawbacks of all the design choices that were made, thereby providing a successful implementation strategy to obtain high-quality data. This experimental approach could be valuable for studies employing wall-based measurements of turbulence, such as flow control applications in wall-bounded turbulence.
Magnetic mesh generation and field line reconstruction for scrape-off layer and divertor modeling in stellarators
Authors: Frerichs Heinke , Boeyaert Dieter , Feng Yuhe , Garcia Kelly Adriana 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The design of divertor targets and baffles for optimal heat and particle&#xD;exhaust from magnetically confined fusion plasmas requires a combination of fast,&#xD;low-fidelity models (such as EMC3-Lite [1]) for scoping studies and high-fidelity ones&#xD;(such as EMC3-EIRENE [2]) for verification. Both of those approaches benefit from a&#xD;magnetic flux tube mesh for fast interpolation and mapping of field line segments [3]. A&#xD;new automated mesh generator for unstructured quadrilateral flux tubes with adaptive&#xD;refinement is presented and integrated into FLARE [4]. For HSX with an extended first&#xD;wall, it is found that several layers of flux tubes can span the entire half field period&#xD;before splitting is required. This is an advantage over the traditional setup of the&#xD;EMC3-EIRENE mesh where careful construction of several sub- domains is required&#xD;already for the much tighter present first wall. In particular, there is no longer the&#xD;need to manually construct a suitable outer boundary for the mesh. The divide and&#xD;conquer paradigm with unstructured mesh layout offers a powerful alternative for fast&#xD;head load approximation that is suitable for integration into optimization workflows.&#xD;Further examples for W7-X and CTH demonstrate the versatile application range.
Design, simulation, and fabrication of high-gain microstrip patch antenna arrays for 28 GHz millimeter-wave 5G applications
Authors: Khouyaoui Ibrahim , Elbathaoui Mouhssine , Hamdaoui Mohamed , Foshi Jaouad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study focuses on the design, simulation, and fabrication of microstrip patch antenna arrays optimized for 28 GHz 5G applications. The work progresses from a single patch antenna to 2x1 and 4x1 patch arrays, showcasing significant performance improvements. Using CST simulations, the single patch antenna achieved a gain of 6.83 dB and a return loss of -26.2 dB. The 2x1 array further enhanced performance, reaching a gain of 11.1 dB and a return loss of -31 dB. The 4x1 array demonstrated superior performance with a gain of 13.8 dB and an exceptionally low return loss of -41.4 dB, making it well-suited for 5G applications requiring high gain, efficient impedance matching, and compact design.The methodology involved employing a Rogers RT5880 substrate and a microstrip line feeding technique, ensuring ease of fabrication and cost-effectiveness. A fabricated 2x1 array was tested using a Vector Network Analyzer, confirming close alignment with simulation results. Compared to prior studies, the proposed arrays address critical challenges such as achieving high performance while maintaining simplicity in design and fabrication. These results position the 4x1 array as a practical and efficient solution for next-generation mmWave communication systems.
Optimization design of warhead fragment initial velocity
Authors: Zheng Minghui , Zhao Hongzhi , Li Jianan , Liang Zhengang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The thickness of the end cover is a key factor in the precise design of the warhead power. Therefore, the initial velocity distribution of the fragments of the cylindrical charge shell under different thickness end cover conditions was studied. Through theoretical analysis and SPH numerical simulation, the corresponding numerical model is constructed, and the theoretical calculation formula of the axial distribution of the initial velocity of the debris is proposed. The results show that with the increase of the thickness of the end cover, the influence of the axial sparse wave is weakened, which leads to the increase of the debris velocity at both ends of the shell. Compared with the detonation end, the debris acceleration at the non-detonation end is more significant. The formula obtained is more suitable for the conditions of different end cover thicknesses and materials in engineering, and the error is significantly reduced, which can provide a reference for the accurate design of warhead debris parameters.
Experimental study on the fastening method of shipborne equipment
Authors: Liu Jingqiao , Wang Guo , Jiang Xin , Ge Junbo , Li Mengxiang , Liu Kun , Liu Shiye 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In order to solve the safety problem of equipment fastening during the transit of the mother ship, the scale model test technology of the shipborne equipment fastening system is studied in this paper. This paper designed and carried out scaling tests of equipment safety fastening under different sea conditions and various motion states (single-freedom and multi-freedom motion), revealed the changing rules of equipment safety fastening loads, formed the analysis and evaluation techniques of equipment fastening methods, and the research results can provide guidance methods for the design of phase relation fastening equipment.