bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compact wideband bowtie dipole orthomode transducer
Authors: Fan Jin , Zhu Kai , Yang Jian , Yan Yihua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA compact wideband orthomode transducer (OMT) with an octave bandwidth is proposed for a 0.56‐1.12 GHz receiver system in the five hundred meter aperture spherical radio telescope. The OMT operates in a cryostat at a temperature of 70 K and therefore it is critical to minimize its dimension while insuring good electrical properties. The complete OMT comprises 2 bowtie dipoles orthogonally arranged in a circular waveguide. Because of the innovative structure, competing modes, TM01 TE21, and TE01, have been effectively suppressed, and the bandwidth of the dominate mode TE11 has achieved to 2.08:1. The final optimized OMT has a length of 300 mm, shorter than a half of the popular quardruple‐ridged waveguide OMT. Measurements at room temperature agree well with simulation results, with a reflection coefficient below −10 dB for both polarizations and cross‐coupling levels of −30.5 dB over the whole required frequency range.
Log file‐based dose reconstruction and accumulation for 4D adaptive pencil beam scanned proton therapy in a clinical treatment planning system: Implementation and proof‐of‐concept
Authors: Meijers A. , Jakobi A. , Stützer K. , Guterres Marmitt G. , Both S. , Langendijk J. A. , Richter C. , Knopf A. 
Published: January 2019

Background and purposeMotion‐induced uncertainties hamper the clinical implementation of pencil beam scanning proton therapy (PBS‐PT). Prospective pretreatment evaluations only provide multiscenario predictions without giving a clear conclusion for the actual treatment. Therefore, in this proof‐of‐concept study we present a methodology for a fraction‐wise retrospective four‐dimensional (4D) dose reconstruction and accumulation aiming at the evaluation of treatment quality during and after treatment.Material and methodsWe implemented an easy‐to‐use, script‐based 4D dose assessment of PBS‐PT for patients with moving tumors in a commercially available treatment planning system. This 4D dose accumulation uses treatment delivery log files and breathing pattern records of each fraction as well as weekly repeated 4D‐CT scans acquired during the treatment course. The approach was validated experimentally and was executed for an exemplary dataset of a lung cancer patient.ResultsThe script‐based 4D dose reconstruction and accumulation was implemented successfully, requiring minimal user input and a reasonable processing time (around 10 min for a fraction dose assessment). An experimental validation using a dynamic CIRS thorax phantom confirmed the precision of the 4D dose reconstruction methodology. In a proof‐of‐concept study, the accumulation of 33 reconstructed fraction doses showed a linear increase of D98 values. Projected treatment course D98 values revealed a CTV underdosage after fraction 25. This loss of target coverage was confirmed in a dose volume histogram comparison of the nominal, the projected (after 16 fractions) and the accumulated (after 33 fractions) dose distribution.ConclusionsThe presented method allows for the assessment of the conformity between planned and delivered dose as the treatment course progresses. The implemented approach considers the influence of changing patient anatomy and variations in the breathing pattern. This facilitates treatment quality evaluation and supports decisions regarding plan adaptation. In a next step, this approach will be applied to a larger patient cohort to investigate its capability as 4D quality control and decision support tool for treatment adaptation.
Isogeometric stability analysis of thin shells: From simple geometries to engineering models
Authors: Guo Y. , Do H. , Ruess M. 
Published: January 2019

SummaryThe buckling properties of thin‐walled structures are sensitive to different sources of imperfections, among which the geometric imperfections are of paramount importance. This work contributes to the methodology of shell buckling analysis with respect to the following aspects: first, we propose an isogeometric analysis framework for the buckling analysis of shell structures which naturally eliminates the geometric discretization errors; second, we introduce a parameter‐free Nitsche‐type formulation for thin shells at large deformations that weakly enforces coupling constraints along trimmed boundaries. In combination with the finite cell method, the proposed conceptual modeling and analysis framework is able to handle engineering‐related shell structures; and third, we introduce a NURBS modeling of measured geometric imperfection fields, which is much closer to the true imperfection shape compared to the classically used faceted FE models. We demonstrate with a number of benchmark problems and engineering models that our proposed framework is able to fully compete with established and highly sophisticated finite element formulations but at a significant higher level of accuracy and reliability of the analysis results.
Characteristics Associated with Household Purchases of Sugar‐Sweetened Beverages in US Restaurants
Authors: Moran Alyssa J. , Subramanian S.V. , Rimm Eric B. , Bleich Sara N. 
Published: January 2019

ObjectiveThis study aimed to describe beverages purchased in restaurants among a nationally representative sample of US households.MethodsData were obtained from the US Department of Agriculture National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey, 2012 to 2013. Survey‐weighted multiple regressions assessed correlates of purchasing a sugar‐sweetened beverage (SSB), purchasing a low‐calorie beverage, and per capita beverage calories and grams of sugar among purchases from US restaurants (n = 14,669).ResultsDining at a top fast‐food chain (odds ratio = 1.9 [95% CI = 1.6, 2.3] vs. small chain or independent restaurants) and ordering a combination meal (2.8 [1.3, 3.3]) or from the kids’ menu (2.1 [1.2, 3.4]) were positively associated with purchasing an SSB. Age (young adult and adolescent vs. older adult; 0.7 [0.5, 0.9] and 0.4 [0.3, 0.7], respectively), race (Black vs. White; 0.4 [0.3, 0.6]), ethnicity (Hispanic vs. non‐Hispanic; 0.8 [0.6, 0.9]), and household food security (very low vs. high; 0.7 [0.5, 0.8]) were associated with purchasing a low‐calorie beverage. Caloric beverage purchases contained the most calories and grams of sugar per capita when purchased by Hispanic and non‐Hispanic Black adolescents.ConclusionsUS households purchase a considerable amount of SSBs from the nation’s largest chain restaurants, particularly when combination meals or kids’ menu items are ordered, and there are disparities by age, race/ethnicity, and household food security.
Improving body function and minimizing activity limitations in pediatric leukemia survivors: The lasting impact of the Stoplight Program
Authors: Tanner Lynn R. , Hooke Mary C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAfter acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment, children can have persistent muscle weakness, range of motion limitations, and decreased function after treatment. The Stoplight Program (SLP), a proactive physical therapy intervention, was administered as the standard of care during ALL treatment to prevent and minimize these impairments. The purpose of this follow‐up study was to measure body function and activity limitations in ALL survivors who completed the SLP and compare them to a pre‐SLP control group, thus evaluating the longer term impact of the SLP.ProcedureTwo cohorts of survivors of pediatric ALL ages 5 to 18 years were assessed 18 to 24 months after completing ALL treatment. Measurements included both the body coordination subtest and the strength and agility subtest of the Bruininks‐Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, active dorsiflexion range of motion (ADROM), and physical activity by self‐report.ResultsThe control group and SLP group did not differ in size (n = 15), mean age (9 years), or time off ALL treatment (20 months). The SLP group had better scale scores for bilateral coordination (P = 0.05), running speed/agility (P < 0.01), and strength (P = 0.01). The number of survivors with 5 degrees or greater of ADROM (right) was significantly greater in the SLP group. ADROM had a positive correlation with strength/agility standard score in the combined survivor group.ConclusionThe SLP is a proactive physical therapy intervention that continues to positively impact children after treatment. Referral to physical therapy should be the standard to optimize long‐term function.
Exhaled breath temperature as a tool for monitoring asthma control after an attack in children
Authors: Sol In Suk , Kim Yoon Hee , Kim Soo Yeon , Choi Sun Ha , Kim Hye Ran , Kim Kyung Won , Sohn Myung Hyun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundExhaled breath temperature (EBT) has been suggested as a non‐invasive marker of airway inflammation in asthma. There have been no studies examining longitudinal changes in EBT following asthma attacks.ObjectiveTo investigate changes in EBT during and after an asthma attack and to relate these changes to changes in respiratory physiological measurements.MethodsWe evaluated 38 hospitalized children aged 5‐18 years diagnosed with an asthma attack. Spirometry was performed upon hospitalization. During hospitalization, EBT, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and asthma score were measured daily. These tests were repeated 1 week and 1 month after discharge. The overall PEFR change, temporal changes in plateau values at the end of expiration, and time‐dynamic associations were evaluated using linear mixed models.ResultsFEV1 was lower at admission than at discharge (63.3 ± 24 vs 99.5 ± 14 percent of predicted, P < 0.001). The EBT was higher at admission than at 1 week after discharge (34.1°C [range: 33.9‐34.8°C] vs 33.6°C [range: 33.0‐34.2°C], P = 0.007); overall, EBTs decreased over time (P = 0.007). Among individual subjects, decreased EBT was correlated with increased PEFR over time. Furthermore, plateau values at the end of expiration had a time‐dependent, dynamic association with the PEFR during hospitalization (P = 0.005) and between asthma attack onset and asthma status stabilization (P = 0.032).ConclusionsThe EBT was elevated during asthma attacks and gradually decreased until asthma was well controlled. The EBT may be a useful, non‐invasive tool for monitoring asthma control in children.
Nasal swab bacteriology by PCR during the first 24‐months of life: A prospective birth cohort study
Authors: Palmu Arto A. , Ware Robert S. , Lambert Stephen B. , Sarna Mohinder , Bialasiewicz Seweryn , Seib Kate L. , Atack John M. , Nissen Michael D. , Grimwood Keith 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundMost respiratory bacterial carriage studies in children are based on cross‐sectional samples or longitudinal studies with infrequent sampling points. The prospective Observational Research in Childhood Infectious Diseases birth cohort study intensively evaluated the community‐based epidemiology of respiratory viruses and bacteria during the first 2‐years of life. Here we report the bacteriologic findings.MethodsPregnant women in Brisbane, Australia were recruited between September 2010 and October 2012, and their healthy newborn children were followed for the first 2‐years of life. Parents kept a daily symptom diary for the study child, collected a weekly anterior nose swab and completed an illness burden diary when their child met pre‐defined illness criteria. Specimens were tested for respiratory bacteria by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and those containing human genomic DNA, deemed as high‐quality, were analyzed.ResultsAltogether 8100 high‐quality nasal swab specimens from 158 enrolled children were analyzed. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Haemophilus influenzae were detected in 42.4%, 38.9%, and 14.8% of these samples, respectively. Concomitant detection of bacteria was common. In contrast, Bordetella pertussis, B. parapertussis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Simkania negevensis were rarely identified. The prevalence of the three major bacteria was higher with increasing age and in the winter and spring months. Siblings and childcare attendance were the other risk factors identified.ConclusionsWe confirmed the feasibility of frequent nasal swabbing by parents for studying bacterial colonization. PCR detected the major respiratory tract bacteria with expected high frequencies, but atypical bacteria were found rarely in this cohort.
Instance invariant visual servoing framework for part‐aware autonomous vehicle inspection using MAVs
Authors: Pandya Harit , Gaud Ayush , Kumar Gourav , Krishna K. Madhava 
Published: January 2019

AbstractVisual servoing approaches navigate a robot to the desired pose with respect to a given object using image measurements. As a result, these approaches have several applications in manipulation, navigation and inspection. However, existing visual servoing approaches are instance specific, that is, they control camera motion between two views of the same object. In this paper, we present a framework for visual servoing to a novel object instance. We further employ our framework for the autonomous inspection of vehicles using Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs), which is vital for day‐to‐day maintenance, damage assessment, and merchandising a vehicle. This visual inspection task comprises the MAV visiting the essential parts of the vehicle, for example, wheels, lights, and so forth, to get a closer look at the damages incurred. Existing methods for autonomous inspection could not be extended for vehicles due to the following reasons: First, several existing methods require a 3D model of the structure, which is not available for every vehicle. Second, existing methods require expensive depth sensor for localization and path planning. Third, current approaches do not account for the semantic understanding of the vehicle, which is essential for identifying parts. Our instance invariant visual servoing framework is capable of autonomously navigating to every essential part of a vehicle for inspection and can be initialized from any random pose. To the best our knowledge, this is the first approach demonstrating fully autonomous visual inspection of vehicles using MAVs. We have validated the efficacy of our approach through a series of experiments in simulation and outdoor scenarios.
Structural validity of the Parenting Daily Hassles Intensity Scale
Authors: Taylor John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough the Parenting Daily Hassles Intensity Scale is a common measure, it has been relatively unclear whether users should employ the 15‐item form that quantifies routine parenting hassles on two dimensions of intensity or the 20‐item form that assumes a single dimension underlies the responses on the scale. To help address this gap, Bayesian confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the structural validity of the 15‐ and 20‐item forms in a sample of 174 mothers with at least one young child (
= 6.040, SD = 0.492). Results of the Bayesian analysis did not provide empirical support for either form. A subsequent exploratory factor analysis indicated that six of the hassles that appear to address challenging child behaviour tended to cluster onto one latent factor whereas 11 hassles that appear to speak to routine parenting chores tended to cluster onto a second factor. A follow‐up Bayesian analysis indicated that intensity scores can be approximated well under the 17‐item form (ppp = 0.124). Accordingly, researchers and clinicians are encouraged to consider the 17‐item form when addressing their measurement needs.
Virtualization of Machine Tools
Authors: Cugnon Frédéric , Ghassempouri Mani , Etxeberria Patxi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis section focusses on the dynamic modelling of the machine tool including its computer numeric control. To properly simulate modern machine tools in machining condition, which show close interaction between the dynamic behaviour of the mechanical structure, drives, and the CNC, we use an integrated methodology that combines control and MBS capabilities in a nonlinear FEA solver called SAMCEF Mecano. The capacity of such digital twin model to simulate machine tool dynamics is demonstrated considering several validation tests.
Data Monitoring and Management for Machine Tools
Authors: Fuertjes Tobias , Mozzati Christophe , Peysson Flavien , Alzaga Aitor , Armendia Mikel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractData monitoring is a key feature in current manufacturing industry. It provides the chance to know how the machine tool and the machining process are performing and opens further opportunities to improve process performance at various levels (maintenance, process control and even feedback to design). Twin-Control proposes a monitoring and data management architecture for machine tools. It consists of a modular local monitoring equipment that is flexible to cover most of the machine tool configurations. Monitored data at local level is uploaded to a cloud platform to perform fleet-level analysis. The proposed architecture has been working for almost two years, providing an excellent source of real data used as a basis for the rest of developments of Twin-Control.
Prevalence Studies from the Nordic Countries
Authors: Lien Marianne Inéz , Lorentzen Jørgen 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis chapter is based on a review of key Nordic prevalence studies that chart violence against men in intimate relationships, with emphasis on Norwegian studies. In this book we will not go through this work in depth, but give a brief summary of the findings of those studies we have included, with our greatest focus being on the consequences of the violence for men and the kinds of help men seek. In this chapter we also present the part of our study investigating the level of awareness in Norway of the support available through crisis centres, family protection services and centres against incest and sexual abuse, and the awareness that these bodies also offer help to men.
Porto‐Rex Shunt for Left Portal Vein Reconstruction During Right Extended Hepatectomy for Advanced Extrahepatic Biliary Cancer
Authors: Lahat Eylon , Jaber Ahmad , Salloum Chady , Lim Chetana , Golan Gil , Ben‐Ari Ziv , Gutman Mordechai , Azoulay Daniel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractResection offers the only chance of long‐term survival or cure for perihilar cancer, provided R0 resection is achieved with margin‐negative status of the remnant liver, bile duct, proximal hepatic artery, and portal vein. End‐to‐end anastomosis of the portal trunk to the left portal branch is the conventional portal reconstruction in cases of right extended hepatectomy requiring resection of the portal vein bifurcation. This mandatory reconstruction may be challenging due to (1) vessel incongruence, (2) fragility of the left portal branch wall, and more importantly, and (3) the divergent orientation of the two vessels exposing to vascular twisting/kinking. We report here the first two cases of porto‐Rex shunt, between the portal vein trunk and the left portal vein in the umbilical fissure during right extended hepatectomy for advanced extrahepatic biliary cancer: one following failed conventional portal reconstruction and one to achieve macroscopically complete resection.
Sequence-based classification of type II polyketide synthase biosynthetic gene clusters for antiSMASH
Authors: Villebro Rasmus , Shaw Simon , Blin Kai , Weber Tilmann 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The software antiSMASH examines microbial genome data to identify and analyze biosynthetic gene clusters for a wide range of natural products. So far, type II polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters could only be identified, but no detailed predictions for type II PKS gene clusters could be provided. In this study, an antiSMASH module for analyzing type II PKS gene clusters has been developed. The module detects genes/proteins in the type II PKS gene cluster involved with polyketide biosynthesis and is able to make predictions about the aromatic polyketide product. Predictions include the putative starter unit, the number of malonyl elongations during polyketide biosynthesis, the putative class and the molecular weight of the product. Furthermore, putative cyclization patterns are predicted. The accuracy of the predictions generated with the new PKSII antiSMASH module was evaluated using a leave-one-out cross validation. The prediction module is available in antiSMASH version 5 at https://antismash.secondarymetabolites.org.
Physiological essay on Gulliver’s Travels: a correction after three centuries
Authors: Kuroki Toshio 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift, published in 1726, was analyzed from the viewpoint of scaling in comparative physiology. According to the original text, the foods of 1724 Lilliputians, tiny human creatures, are needed for Gulliver, but the author found that those of 42 Lilliputians and of 1/42 Brobdingnagians (gigantic human creatures) are enough to support the energy of Gulliver. The author further estimated their heartbeats, respiration rates, life spans and blood pressure. These calculations were made by the use of three equations, i.e., body mass index (BMI = W/H
2) and quarter-power laws (E∝W
3/4 and T∝W
1/4), where W, H, E, and T denote body weight, height, energy and time, respectively. Their blood pressures were estimated with reference to that of the giraffe and barosaurus, a long-neck dinosaur. Based on the above findings, the food requirement of Gulliver in the original text should be corrected after almost three centuries.
Does degree completion improve non‐cognitive skills during early adulthood and adulthood?
Authors: Oi Katsuya 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionNon‐cognitive skills, particularly in terms of risk‐aversion, future‐orientation, and conscientiousness, grow with age, and this phenomenon is known as personality maturation. However, significant variability in maturation among individuals exists. The technology of cognitive/non‐cognitive skill formation suggests that the growth of non‐cognitive skills is contingent on cognitive skills or human capital in general. The completion of formal education is a quintessential form of human capital. The aim of this study is to test whether formal education indeed facilitates the improvement of non‐cognitive skills during early adulthood and adulthood.]MethodsI used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. The study sample consists of 9291 individuals, representative of U.S. adolescents in grades 7 through 12 in 1994. The longitudinal design of the data allowed the repeated measurement of their non‐cognitive skills in adolescence (age < 18), early adulthood (between 18 and 25) and then in adulthood (>25). I used Latent Score Difference modeling to examine whether advancement in formal education through degree completion predicts within‐individual change in non‐cognitive skills in early adulthood and adulthood.ResultsA steady increase in non‐cognitive skills beyond adolescence was found. Independently of academic engagement during high school, parental socio‐economic status, and adolescent non‐cognitive skills, degree completion reported in early adulthood coincides with gains in non‐cognitive skills since adolescence, and this positive feedback repeats itself in adulthood.ConclusionsContinued schooling facilitates personality maturation beyond adolescence. Given the profound effects of non‐cognitive skills on various life outcomes, educational opportunities could alleviate social stratification.