bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromospheric observations and magnetic configuration of a supergranular structure
Authors: Robustini Carolina , Esteban Pozuelo Sara , Leenaarts Jorrit , de la Cruz Rodríguez Jaime 
Published: November 2018

Context.Unipolar magnetic regions are often associated with supergranular cells. The chromosphere above these regions is regulated by the magnetic field, but the field structure is poorly known. In unipolar regions, the fibrillar arrangement does not always coincide with magnetic field lines, and polarimetric observations are needed to establish the chromospheric magnetic topology.Aims.In an active region close to the limb, we observed a unipolar annular network of supergranular size. This supergranular structure harbours a radial distribution of the fibrils converging towards its centre. We aim to improve the description of this structure by determining the magnetic field configuration and the line-of-sight velocity distribution in both the photosphere and the chromosphere.Methods.We observed the supergranular structure at different heights by taking data in the Fe I6301–6302 Å, Hα, Ca II8542 Å, and the Ca IIH&K spectral lines with the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) and CHROMospheric Imaging Spectrometer (CHROMIS) at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope. We performed Milne-Eddington inversions of the spectropolarimetric data of Fe I6301–6302 Å and applied the weak field approximation to Ca II8542 Å data to retrieve the magnetic field in the photosphere and chromosphere. We used photospheric magnetograms of CRISP, Hinode Solar Optical Telescope spectropolarimeter, and Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager to calculate the magnetic flux. We investigated the velocity distribution using the line-of-sight velocities computed from the Milne-Eddington inversion and from the Doppler shift of theK3feature in the Ca IIK spectral line. To describe the typical spectral profiles characterising the chromosphere above the inner region of the supergranular structure, we performed aK-mean clustering of the spectra in Ca IIK.Results.The photospheric magnetic flux shows that the supergranular boundary has an excess of positive polarity and the whole structure is not balanced. The magnetic field vector at chromospheric heights, retrieved by the weak field approximation, indicates that the field lines within the supergranular cell tend to point inwards, and might form a canopy above the unipolar region. In the centre of the supergranular cell hosting the unipolar region, we observe a persistent chromospheric brightening coinciding with a strong gradient in the line-of-sight velocity.
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia from a Pathologists Point of View
Authors: Lyons Keegan , Butler Samantha 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnal squamous cell carcinoma is a relatively rare diagnosis, but its incidence has continued to rise. Anal squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesion, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), are human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated squamous neoplasias. High-risk HPV subtypes cause cellular proliferation in the anal transformation zone mucosa leading to similar dysplastic changes as seen in the cervix. Unified cytologic and histologic classification systems have emerged for all HPV-associated squamous lesions of the lower anogenital tract due to recent advancements in the understanding of these lesions. P16 immunohistochemical stain, a biomarker for HPV, is recommended in the diagnosis of HPV-associated lesions. The unity of terminology will aid in communication between pathologists and clinicians, ultimately leading to improved patient care.
Basic Science, Epidemiology, and Screening for Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Its Relationship to Anal Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Davis Kurt , Orangio Guy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDespite the progress made in the reduction of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) has been increasing since 1992. While it remains an uncommon disease, the prevalence is climbing steadily. Among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults, especially men who have sex with men, ASCC is one of the more common non-AIDS-defining malignancies. The precursor lesion, anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN), is prevalent in the HIV-infected population. More than 90% of ASCCs are related to human papilloma virus (HPV), oncogenic types (HPV 16, 18). While the biology of HPV-related intraepithelial neoplasia is consistent in the anogenital area, the natural history of AIN is poorly understood and is not identical to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). CIN is also considered an AIDS-defining malignancy, and the methods for screening and prevention of AIN are derived from the CIN literature. This article will discuss the epidemiology of ASCC and its association with HPV and the life cycle of the HPV, and the molecular changes that lead to clearance, productive infection, latency, and persistence. The immunology of HPV infection will discuss natural immunity, humoral and cellular immunity, and how the HPV virus evades and interferes with these mechanisms. We will also discuss high-risk factors for developing AIN in high-risk patient populations with relation to infections (HIV, HPV, and chlamydia infections), prolonged immunocompromised people, and sexual behavior and tobacco abuse. We will also discuss the pre- and post-HAART era and its effect on AINs and ASCC. Finally, we will discuss the importance of anal cytology and high-resolution anoscopy with and without biopsy in this high-risk population.
Tracheal Replacement Using an In-Body Tissue-Engineered Collagenous Tube “BIOTUBE” with a Biodegradable Stent in a Beagle Model: A Preliminary Report on a New Technique
Authors: Nakayama Yasuhide , Umeda Satoshi , Takama Yuichi , Terazawa Takeshi , Okuyama Hiroomi , Hiwatashi Shohei 
Published: November 2018

Introduction Tracheal reconstruction for long-segment stenosis remains challenging. We investigate the usefulness of BIOTUBE, an in-body tissue-engineered collagenous tube with a biodegradable stent, as a novel tracheal scaffold in a beagle model.
Materials and Methods We prepared BIOTUBEs by embedding specially designed molds, including biodegradable stents, into subcutaneous pouches in beagles. After 2 months, the molds were filled with ingrown connective tissues and were harvested to obtain the BIOTUBEs. The BIOTUBEs, cut to 10- or 20-mm lengths, were implanted to replace the same-length defects in the cervical trachea of five beagles. Endoscopic and fluoroscopic evaluations were performed every week until the lumen became stable. The trachea, including the BIOTUBE, was harvested and subjected to histological evaluation between 3 and 7 months after implantation.
Results One beagle died 28 days after 20-mm BIOTUBE implantation because of insufficient expansion and retention force of the stent. The remaining four beagles were implanted with a BIOTUBE reinforced by a strong stent, and all survived the observation period. Endoscopy revealed narrowing of the BIOTUBEs in all four beagles, due to an inflammatory reaction, but patency was maintained by steroid application at the implantation site and balloon dilatation against the stenosis. After 2 months, the lumen gradually became wider. Histological analyses showed that the internal surface of the BIOTUBEs was completely covered with tracheal epithelial cells.
Conclusion This study demonstrated the usefulness of the BIOTUBE with a biodegradable stent as a novel scaffold for tracheal regeneration.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Water Reduction in Lower-Limb Lymphedema by Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis
Authors: Yasunaga Yoshichika , Yanagisawa Daisuke , Ohata Erika , Matsuo Kiyoshi , Yuzuriha Shunsuke 
Published: November 2018

Background Although lymphedema is fundamentally abnormal accumulation of excess water in the extracellular space, previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of physiological bypass surgery (lymphaticovenular anastomosis [LVA]) for lymphedema without measuring water volume. This study clarified the water reductive effect of LVA using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).
Methods The efficacy of LVA for unilateral lower-limb lymphedema was evaluated using BIA in a retrospective cohort. The water volume of affected and unaffected legs was measured using multifrequency BIA before and after LVA. Preoperative measurements were undertaken after compression therapy for at least 3 months. The follow-up period after LVA was a minimum of 6 months.
Results Thirty consecutive patients with unilateral lower-limb lymphedema were enrolled. The mean water volume reduction of the affected leg by LVA (ΔLBW) was 0.86 L (standard deviation [SD]: 0.86, median: 0.65) with a mean number of 3.3 anastomoses (SD: 1.7). The mean reduction rate of edema was 45.1% (SD: 36.3). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed water volume difference between the affected and unaffected legs before LVA (excess LBW) as the strongest predictor of ΔLBW (R
2 = 0.759, p < 0.01; β = 0.500, p < 0.01).
Conclusion The LVA reduces the volume of accumulated body water in lower-limb lymphedema. As excess LBW most strongly predicted the amount of water volume reduction by LVA, body water volume measurement by BIA before LVA might identify patients with low excess LBW not expected to benefit from LVA, regardless of apparent differences in limb circumference.
Prediction of Flap Necrosis by Using Indocyanine Green Videoangiography in Cases of Venous Occlusion in the Epigastric Flap Model of the Rat
Authors: Ritschl Lucas , Schmidt Leonard , Fichter Andreas , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Kanatas Anastasios , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Mücke Thomas 
Published: November 2018

Background A compromised free flap perfusion attributable to vascular occlusion requires immediate operative correction. Indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography may reduce the risk of partial skin flap necrosis in high-risk free flaps in patients undergoing head and neck reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ICG in cases of venous congestion in a rat model.
Methods A standardized epigastric flap was raised and repositioned in 35 rats. Full venous occlusion of the draining superficial inferior epigastric vein was temporarily applied for 4, 5, 6, or 7 hours. Blood flow measurements including simultaneous laser-Doppler flowmetry and tissue spectrophotometry (oxygen-to-see [O2C]) and ICG videoangiography with the FLOW 800 tool were performed before flap raising, after temporary venous stasis, and after clinical monitoring for 1 week. The Youden index computed from the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to define an optimal cutoff value for necrosis prediction after 4 and 6 hours of stasis.
Results The ICG videoangiography with the FLOW 800 tool was found to be superior to O2C in the prediction of flap necrosis. The accuracy of prediction was moderate after an interval of 4 hours of stasis (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.661; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.489–0.834) and good after 6 hours of stasis (AUC = 0.787; 95% CI: 0.65–0.915).
Conclusions The O2C does not reliably predict tissue necrosis in cases of venous congestion. ICG videoangiography is a valuable tool that can predict clinical outcome and provide guidance on whether to salvage a congested flap.
以多变异刺激感知汉语声调的课堂实验
Authors: Shi Jianguo , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2018

摘要
本研究以澳洲中学生的两个教学班在课堂上听辨普通话声调的实验为例，比较传统的声调演示法和多变异刺激法的不同教学效果。本研究的课堂实验数据说明，以多变异刺激法加上三声低平调的发音对学生感知汉语声调有明显效果，表现为经过很短时间的课堂练习后，实验班学生对二声和三声的听辨正确率有显著提高，同时将二声听成三声、将三声听成四声的相混率也明显下降。本研究还对该实验可能影响三声听辨的其他因素进行了分析。
Corpus-based instruction
Authors: Yeh Meng , Zhang Xian 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study is two-fold. First, it demonstrates the use of learner and native speaker spoken Chinese corpora to identify learners’ non-use of the discourse-linkingjiuin the narration of stories. To guide students to notice and practicejiuin spoken narrative contexts, we designed and implemented four 50-minute classes of corpus-based instruction. Second, this study investigates the effect of the corpus-based instruction in teaching discourse-linkingjiu. Evaluation of the oral production of story narration from the pretest and posttest reveals that the students in the experimental group outperformed the control group. The results suggest that the corpus-based instruction had a positive effect on students’ learning ofjiuin storytelling.
Dialogic features and interpersonal management in the early courtroom action game
Authors: Chaemsaithong Krisda 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere are certain areas where present-day studies of language use can learn from history. Using a dialogue-analytic approach, this study investigates dialogic features and interpersonal management in the early English courtroom. Drawing upon a corpus of 81 opening statements from theProceedings of the Old Bailey(1759–1799), the quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals that this courtroom action game is highly dialogic and that an active jury was significantly presupposed in this particular historical setting. The lawyers consistently endeavored to solicit solidarity and in-groupness through pronominal choices, and to argumentatively negotiate agreement and secure consent through directives, shared knowledge markers, asides, and questions. The findings testify to the central role of dialogism and interpersonal negotiation in historical courtroom action games.
On the role of gaze in the organization of turn-taking and sequence organization in interpreter-mediated dialogue
Authors: Vranjes Jelena , Brône Geert , Feyaerts Kurt 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper contributes to the growing line of research that takes a multimodal approach in the study of interpreter-mediated dialogues. Drawing on insights from Conversation Analysis and multimodal analysis, we investigate how extended multi-unit turns unfold with interventions of an interpreter and, more specifically, what is the role of gaze in this process. The analysis is based on videos of interpreter-mediated dialogues (Dutch-Russian) recorded with mobile eye-tracking glasses. We argue that the interpreter’s gaze direction contributes both to the local management of turn-taking (next-speaker selection) and to sequence organization. More specifically, we show how interpreter’s gaze orientation bears on the negotiation of possibletransition relevance placesand how it contributes to the smooth continuation of the projected extended multi-unit turn.
Broad properties of beliefs
Authors: Rieppel Michael 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Yli-Vakkuri (2018) argues that content externalism can be established without thought experiments, as the deductive consequence of a pair of uncontroversial principles about beliefs, contents and truth. I argue that the most dialectically plausible motivation for the first principle, that truth is a broad property or beliefs, undermines the second principle, that the truth-value of a belief goes hand-in-hand with that of its content, and that other motivations are likely to depend on externalist thought experiments the argument was meant to avoid. As it stands, the argument for externalism therefore fails.
Partially non-homogeneous dynamic Bayesian networks based on Bayesian regression models with partitioned design matrices
Authors: Shafiee Kamalabad Mahdi , Heberle Alexander Martin , Thedieck Kathrin , Grzegorczyk Marco 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Non-homogeneous dynamic Bayesian networks (NH-DBNs) are a popular modelling tool for learning cellular networks from time series data. In systems biology, time series are often measured under different experimental conditions, and not rarely only some network interaction parameters depend on the condition while the other parameters stay constant across conditions. For this situation, we propose a new partially NH-DBN, based on Bayesian hierarchical regression models with partitioned design matrices. With regard to our main application to semi-quantitative (immunoblot) timecourse data from mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signalling, we also propose a Gaussian process-based method to solve the problem of non-equidistant time series measurements.

Results
On synthetic network data and on yeast gene expression data the new model leads to improved network reconstruction accuracies. We then use the new model to reconstruct the topologies of the circadian clock network in Arabidopsis thaliana and the mTORC1 signalling pathway. The inferred network topologies show features that are consistent with the biological literature.

Availability and implementation
All datasets have been made available with earlier publications. Our Matlab code is available upon request.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Oxytocin Modulates the Intrinsic Dynamics Between Attention-Related Large-Scale Networks
Authors: Xin Fei , Zhou Feng , Zhou Xinqi , Ma Xiaole , Geng Yayuan , Zhao Weihua , Yao Shuxia , Dong Debo , Biswal Bharat B , Kendrick Keith M , Becker Benjamin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAttention and salience processing have been linked to the intrinsic between- and within-network dynamics of large-scale networks engaged in internal (default network [DN]) and external attention allocation (dorsal attention network [DAN] and salience network [SN]). The central oxytocin (OXT) system appears ideally organized to modulate widely distributed neural systems and to regulate the switch between internal attention and salient stimuli in the environment. The current randomized placebo (PLC)-controlled between-subject pharmacological resting-state fMRI study in N = 187 (OXT, n = 94; PLC, n = 93; single-dose intranasal administration) healthy male and female participants employed an independent component analysis approach to determine the modulatory effects of OXT on the within- and between-network dynamics of the DAN–SN–DN triple network system. OXT increased the functional integration between subsystems within SN and DN and increased functional segregation of the DN with both attentional control networks (SN and DAN). Whereas no sex differences were observed, OXT effects on the DN–SN interaction were modulated by autistic traits. Together, the findings suggest that OXT may facilitate efficient attention allocation by modulating the intrinsic functional dynamics between DN components and large-scale networks involved in external attentional demands (SN and DAN).
Part-time in general practice—a remedy to a time-based problem?
Authors: Strazdins Erika , Dwan Kathryn , Pescud Melanie , Strazdins Lyndall 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing numbers of GPs are reducing the hours they work in clinical practice. The reasons for and implications of this are not well-understood.ObjectiveTo investigate how the demands of general practice, especially new time pressures, impact GPs’ professional and personal lives and work hour choices.MethodUsing a grounded theory approach, we conducted 26 in-depth interviews with GPs working in Australia.ResultsTime-bound consultation windows, the complexity of patients presenting to general practice and consequent administrative and emotional burdens placed upon GPs combined to increase time pressures and an intensifying clinical load. Many GPs also strove to sequester time for family and reported burnout and poor health along with abiding concerns for quality of care.ConclusionThis study suggests a need for new policies on how clinical consultations are timed and remunerated in keeping with a changed GP demography, new demands and a more complex patient care profile.
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Episodic Memory in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study
Authors: Manenti Rosa , Sandrini Marco , Gobbi Elena , Binetti Giuliano , Cotelli Maria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesEpisodic memory is impaired in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which is posited as a potential prodromal form of Alzheimer’s disease. Reactivated existing memories become sensitive to modification during reconsolidation. There is evidence that the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays causal role in episodic memory reconsolidation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the PFC after a contextual reminder enhanced episodic memory performance up to 1 month, conceivably through reconsolidation, in older adults with subjective memory complaints, a condition that may represent a “pre-mild cognitive impairment” stage. The aim of this pilot study was to test the effect of PFC-tDCS (anode over left lateral PFC, cathode over right supraorbital area) after a contextual reminder on episodic memory in older adults with aMCI.MethodOlder adults with aMCI learned a list of words. Twenty-four hours later, tDCS (Active or Sham) was applied after a contextual reminder. Memory retrieval (free recall and recognition) was tested 48 hrs and 1 month after the learning session.ResultsActive tDCS enhanced recognition memory relative to Sham stimulation.DiscussionModulating reconsolidation with PFC-tDCS might be a novel intervention to enhance episodic memories in aMCI.
Openness values and regional innovation: a set-analysis
Authors: Rutten Roel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStatistical studies evidence that openness values matter for regional innovation but not how they matter. A qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) study of 108 North–West European regions identifies four cross-case mechanisms that explain regional innovation: the diversity, cosmopolitan environment, technology transfer and creativity mechanisms. Only in technology transfer do openness values not play a role. This evidences that openness values connect diverse local and non-local social spaces to local and non-local physical places to unlock a larger potential for more dynamic innovation. QCA understands causality as configurational and identifies mechanisms rather than net effects, which answers how-questions better than statistical methods do. The focus on mechanisms highlights how innovation connects interactions between agents in social space to physical place, which makes an empirical contribution to the relational economic geography literature.
A Patient With Hemoptysis and the Sign of the Camalote
Authors: Studemeister Alex , Alvarez Marcos N , Studemeister Lucy 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
A 30-year-old woman presenting with hemoptysis followed by acute respiratory distress developed a diagnostic pulmonary radiographic finding, called the sign of the camalote, indicative of ruptured hydatid cyst. Her computed tomography scan demonstrated the characteristic detached parasitic membrane floating on cystic fluid, reminiscent of Amazonian camalote leaves. She was managed successfully surgically. Ruptured hydatid cysts may present as a diagnostic challenge, in which the sign of the camalote may provide an important clue for this serious complication.