bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the n-point one-loop superstring amplitude. Part I. Pure spinors and superfield kinematics
Authors: Mafra Carlos R. , Schlotterer Oliver 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis is the first installment of a series of three papers in which we describe a method to determine higher-point correlation functions in one-loop open-superstring amplitudes from first principles. In this first part, we exploit the synergy between the co-homological features of pure-spinor superspace and the pure-spinor zero-mode integration rules of the one-loop amplitude prescription. This leads to the study of a rich variety of multiparticle superfields which are local, have covariant BRST variations, and are compatible with the particularities of the pure-spinor amplitude prescription. Several objects related to these superfields, such as their non-local counterparts and the so-called BRST pseudo-invariants, are thoroughly reviewed and put into new light. Their properties will turn out to be mysteriously connected to products of one-loop worldsheet functions in packages dubbed “generalized elliptic integrands”, whose prominence will be seen in the later parts of this series of papers.
Impact of Residents on Safety Outcomes in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Nasri Baongoc , Saxe Jonathan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionNew training programs face quality concern by faculty who believe resident involvement in operative management may lead to poorer outcomes. This study aims to understand the impact of resident surgeons on outcomes in a specific common surgical procedure.MethodsWe obtained a retrospective review of 1216 laparoscopic cholecystectomy cases between June 2012 and June 2017 at a community teaching hospital. Data reviewed included patient demographics, operative time, length of stay, 30‐day outcomes. An initial analysis comparing outcomes with/without resident participation was undertaken. A subset analysis comparing junior (PGY 1–2) and senior (PGY 3–5) groups was also performed.ResultsWe found the resident group participated in higher‐risk patient (ASA > 3, 47.5% vs 39.8%, p = 0.04 more acute disease (59.8% vs 37.5%, p < 0.0001) and emergent surgery (59.7% vs 37.5%, p < 0.0001). Resident involvement in severe cases was not a significant factor in the odds of morbidity, mortality, conversion rate or length of stay. Resident participation did increase the odds of having longer OR time (OR 12.54, 95% CI 7.74–17.34, p < 0.0001).ConclusionsResident participation is associated with increased operative times but not complications. This study confirms resident participation in the operating room in difficult and challenging cases is safe.
Confidence-Enhanced Early Warning Score Based on Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Götzinger Maximilian , Anzanpour Arman , Azimi Iman , TaheriNejad Nima , Jantsch Axel , Rahmani Amir M. , Liljeberg Pasi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are one of the world’s major causes of loss of life. The vital signs of a patient can indicate this up to 24 hours before such an incident happens. Healthcare professionals use Early Warning Score (EWS) as a common tool in healthcare facilities to indicate the health status of a patient. However, the chance of survival of an outpatient could be increased if a mobile EWS system would monitor them during their daily activities to be able to alert in case of danger. Because of limited healthcare professional supervision of this health condition assessment, a mobile EWS system needs to have an acceptable level of reliability - even if errors occur in the monitoring setup such as noisy signals and detached sensors. In earlier works, a data reliability validation technique has been presented that gives information about the trustfulness of the calculated EWS. In this paper, we propose an EWS system enhanced with the self-aware property confidence, which is based on fuzzy logic. In our experiments, we demonstrate that - under adverse monitoring circumstances (such as noisy signals, detached sensors, and non-nominal monitoring conditions) - our proposed Self-Aware Early Warning Score (SA-EWS) system provides a more reliable EWS than an EWS system without self-aware properties.
Analyses of natural courses of Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease using placebo data from placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trials: Japanese Study on the Estimation of Clinical course of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Watanabe Mitsunori , Nakamura Yu , Yoshiyama Yasumasa , Kagimura Tatsuo , Kawaguchi Hiroyuki , Matsuzawa Hiroshi , Tachibana Yosuke , Nishimura Kazuma , Kubota Naoki , Kobayashi Masato , Saito Takayuki , Tamura Kaoru , Sato Takayuki , Takahashi Masayoshi ,   Japanese Society of Scaling Keys of Evaluation Techniques for CNS Disorders Heterogeneity (SKETCH) study group, Homma Akira 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionSymptomatic anti‐Alzheimer's disease (AD) drugs have been commonly used for the treatment of AD. Knowing the natural courses of patients with AD on placebo is highly relevant for clinicians to understand their efficacy and for investigators to design clinical studies.MethodsThe data on rating scales for dementia such as Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐cognitive subscale (ADAS‐cog) and Severe Impairment Battery were extracted from eight previous Japanese Phase II and III studies. Natural courses of Japanese AD patients in placebo groups were evaluated and statistically analyzed in a pooled and retrospective fashion.ResultsDecreases in ADAS‐cog and Severe Impairment Battery was larger at week 22 or 24 than at week 12. Scores of ADAS‐cog appeared to deteriorate faster in moderate AD than in mild AD.DiscussionThe present data will provide clinicians following up patients with AD with helpful information on how to manage AD patients and investigators with instruction for clinical study design.
THE MYTH OF POLARIZATION AMONG TAIWANESE VOTERS: THE MISSING MIDDLE
Authors: Wang Austin Horng-En 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAre Taiwanese voters polarized? By presenting four novel visualizations based on a factor analysis of Taiwan National Security Surveys from 2002 to 2017, this article describes the contours of structural change in Taiwan politics. Overall, the cross-strait position among Taiwanese voters can be described by a stable inverted U shape over time. This arises from the fact that most nonpartisans—typically neglected in the literature on polarization—are moderate. Before 2008, increasing polarization among partisans can be attributed to pan-green voters moving toward independence. Between 2008 and 2014, decreasing polarization stems from moderates self-identifying as pan-blue supporters. Since 2014, a record-breaking number of nonpartisans have left the pan-blue camp, and more extreme pan-blue voters have contributed to a return of polarization among partisans. The results yield important implications for the study of polarization and populism, as well as for the future of Taiwanese politics.
Training, Implementation, and Potential of a Cybermentoring Scheme in Six EU Countries
Authors: Smith Peter K. , Thompson Fran , Jessel John , Kožuchová Andrea , Ferreira Irene , Idriceanu Gabriela , Menesini Ersilia , Miklosz Margaret , de Villanueva Marian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractCybermentoring refers to virtual peer support in which young people themselves are trained as cybermentors and interact with those needing help and advice (cybermentees) online. This article describes the training in, and implementation of, a cross-national cybermentoring scheme, Beatbullying Europe, developed in the United Kingdom. It involved train-the-trainer workshops for partners and life mentors in six European countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal, Romania, Poland and the Czech Republic) in 2013–2014, followed by training sessions for pupil cybermentors aged 11–16 years. Although BeatBullying went into liquidation in November 2014, the project was largely completed. We (1) report an evaluation of the training of the life mentors and mentors, via questionnaire survey; and (2) discuss findings about the implementation of the scheme and its potential at a cross-national level, via partner interviews during and at the end of the project. The training was found to be highly rated in all respects, and in all six countries involved. The overall consensus from the data available is that there was a positive impact for the schools and professionals involved; some challenges encountered are discussed. The BeatBullying Europe project, despite being unfinished, was promising, and a similar approach deserves further support and evaluation in the future.
Positive organizational scholarship in healthcare: The impact of employee training on performance, turnover, and stress
Authors: Ertan Şenay Sahil , Şeşen Harun 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBased on positive organizational scholarship in healthcare, this study examined the relationships between four dimensions of employee perception of training: workplace stress, organizational outcomes, job performance, and turnover intentions. We hypothesized that employee training perception would have a negative relationship with workplace stress and that stress would mediate the relationship between employee training perception, job performance, and turnover intentions. We obtained data on 317 elderly-care workers in Northern Cyprus and analyzed it using structural equation modeling. Employee training perception was negatively related to workplace stress, and stress was negatively related to job performance and positively related to turnover intention. In line with Job Demand-Resource theory (JD-R), workplace stress partially mediated the relationship between employee training perception and organizational outcomes. The study contributes to the literature by confirming that elderly-care organizations that provide training opportunities for employees can reduce workplace stress, build organizational strengths, and facilitate positive outcomes.
Mass and enthalpy budget evolution during the surge of a polythermal glacier: a test of theory
Authors: Benn Douglas I. , Jones Robert L. , Luckman Adrian , Fürst Johannes J. , Hewitt Ian , Sommer Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAnalysis of a recent surge of Morsnevbreen, Svalbard, is used to test predictions of the enthalpy balance theory of surging. High-resolution time series of velocities, ice thickness and crevasse distribution allow key elements of the enthalpy (internal energy) budget to be quantified for different stages of the surge cycle. During quiescence (1936–1990), velocities were very low, and geothermal heat slowly built-up enthalpy at the bed. Measurable mass transfer and frictional heating began in 1990–2010, then positive frictional heating-velocity feedbacks caused gradual acceleration from 2010 to 2015. Rapid acceleration occurred in summer 2016, when extensive crevassing and positive air temperatures allowed significant surface to bed drainage. The surge front reached the terminus in October 2016, coincident with a drop in velocities. Ice plumes in the fjord are interpreted as discharge of large volumes of supercooled water from the bed. Surge termination was prolonged, however, indicating persistence of an inefficient drainage system. The observations closely match predictions of the theory, particularly build-up of enthalpy from geothermal and frictional heat, and surface meltwater, and the concomitant changes in ice-surface elevation and velocity. Additional characteristics of the surge reflect spatial processes not represented in the model, but can be explained with respect to enthalpy gradients.
CHOICE-FREE STONE DUALITY
Authors: BEZHANISHVILI NICK , HOLLIDAY WESLEY H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe standard topological representation of a Boolean algebra via the clopen sets of a Stone space requires a nonconstructive choice principle, equivalent to the Boolean Prime Ideal Theorem. In this article, we describe a choice-free topological representation of Boolean algebras. This representation uses a subclass of the spectral spaces that Stone used in his representation of distributive lattices via compact open sets. It also takes advantage of Tarski’s observation that the regular open sets of any topological space form a Boolean algebra. We prove without choice principles that any Boolean algebra arises from a special spectral space X via the compact regular open sets of X; these sets may also be described as those that are both compact open in X and regular open in the upset topology of the specialization order of X, allowing one to apply to an arbitrary Boolean algebra simple reasoning about regular opens of a separative poset. Our representation is therefore a mix of Stone and Tarski, with the two connected by Vietoris: the relevant spectral spaces also arise as the hyperspace of nonempty closed sets of a Stone space endowed with the upper Vietoris topology. This connection makes clear the relation between our point-set topological approach to choice-free Stone duality, which may be called the hyperspace approach, and a point-free approach to choice-free Stone duality using Stone locales. Unlike Stone’s representation of Boolean algebras via Stone spaces, our choice-free topological representation of Boolean algebras does not show that every Boolean algebra can be represented as a field of sets; but like Stone’s representation, it provides the benefit of a topological perspective on Boolean algebras, only now without choice. In addition to representation, we establish a choice-free dual equivalence between the category of Boolean algebras with Boolean homomorphisms and a subcategory of the category of spectral spaces with spectral maps. We show how this duality can be used to prove some basic facts about Boolean algebras.
THE WADGE ORDER ON THE SCOTT DOMAIN IS NOT A WELL-QUASI-ORDER
Authors: DUPARC JACQUES , VUILLEUMIER LOUIS 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe prove that the Wadge order on the Borel subsets of the Scott domain is not a well-quasi-order, and that this feature even occurs among the sets of Borel rank at most 2. For this purpose, a specific class of countable 2-colored posets$\mathbb{P}_{emb} $equipped with the order induced by homomorphisms is embedded into the Wadge order on the$\Delta _2^0 $-degrees of the Scott domain. We then show that$\mathbb{P}_{emb} $admits both infinite strictly decreasing chains and infinite antichains with respect to this notion of comparison, which therefore transfers to the Wadge order on the$\Delta _2^0 $-degrees of the Scott domain.
THE WEIMAR ORIGINS OF THE WEST GERMANRECHTSSTAAT, 1919–1969
Authors: MAIER CLARA 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe article explores the key components of the political project of West Germany and the role of theRechtsstaatwithin it. It shows how the German Federal Republic developed a specific reading of the rule of law as an order founded on basic rights as supra-legal values and judicial authority, which had to be defended even against democratic government. This did not signify a departure from the constitutional theory of the Weimar period, as constitutional lawyers such as Gustav Radbruch and Carlo Schmid claimed at the time. Instead, the decisive innovations in constitutional thought stemmed from the Weimar era. Judicial review and basic rights had been instruments in a political and legal struggle over the social question and the boundaries of democratic decision-making in the 1920s. They had been invoked by conservative lawyers such as Carl Schmitt and been the subject of a substantial critique mounted by social democrat interpreters of the Weimar Constitution such as Hermann Heller and Franz Neumann. As such theRechtsstaat, which is so strongly associated with the renewal of German democracy, carries with it a tradition of legal thought which systematically and successfully expanded judicial power to the detriment of the legislature and democratic action.
Identifying priority areas for the conservation of the Critically Endangered northern white-cheeked gibbonNomascus leucogenysin northern Lao
Authors: Syxaiyakhamthor Khamkeo , Ngoprasert Dusit , Asensio Norberto , Savini Tommaso 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAll gibbon species are declining throughout South and South-east Asia because of habitat loss and human activities such as hunting. Lao still contains a relatively large area of forest habitat suitable for gibbons, but their status in the country remains poorly known. Here we present the first density estimate of the Critically Endangered northern white-cheeked gibbonNomascus leucogenysin Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area, northern Lao. We conducted gibbon surveys using an auditory sampling technique during May–August 2014 and May 2015, at 40 sites, covering 125.6 km2. We applied N-mixture models to analyse group counts, investigating which landscape and human disturbance covariates influenced the spatial variation of gibbon abundance across the study area. We estimated the average gibbon density to be 0.4 groups/km2. Gibbon density was higher in mixed deciduous forest (0.74 groups/km2) than in evergreen forest (0.09 groups/km2), which could be a result of long-term hunting in evergreen forest areas. Thus, future gibbon protection plans should consider not only evergreen forest as priority habitat, but also deciduous forest, which tends to receive less attention in conservation planning. We also highlight key areas containing gibbons where law enforcement patrols should be focussed, to limit threats such as poaching. Future forest management plans should aim to maximize the size and connectivity of suitable gibbon habitat, to enable exchange between subpopulations.
Resuscitation and Evacuation from Low Earth Orbit: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nowadly Craig D. , Trapp Brandon D. , Robinson Stephen K. , Richards John R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroduction:Provision of critical care and resuscitation was not practical during early missions into space. Given likely advancements in commercial spaceflight and increased human presence in low Earth orbit (LEO) in the coming decades, development of these capabilities should be considered as the likelihood of emergent medical evacuation increases.Methods:PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Technical Server, and Defense Technical Information Center were searched from inception to December 2018. Articles specifically addressing critical care and resuscitation during emergency medical evacuation from LEO were selected. Evidence was graded using Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines.Results:The search resulted in 109 articles included in the review with a total of 2,177 subjects. There were two Level I systematic reviews, 33 Level II prospective studies with 647 subjects, seven Level III retrospective studies with 1,455 subjects, and two Level IV case series with four subjects. There were two Level V case reports and 63 pertinent review articles.Discussion:The development of a medical evacuation capability is an important consideration for future missions. This review revealed potential hurdles in the design of a dedicated LEO evacuation spacecraft. The ability to provide critical care and resuscitation during transport is likely to be limited by mass, volume, cost, and re-entry forces. Stabilization and treatment of the patient should be performed prior to departure, if possible, and emphasis should be on a rapid and safe return to Earth for definitive care.
Gaia Alerts – An All-Sky Transient Survey
Authors: Breedt E. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn addition to its main goal of measuring the parallaxes of 109 stars in the Galaxy, ESA’s Gaia mission is also probing the time domain on a range of astrophysically interesting time-scales. The photometric measurements are processed for transient variability, and events that are discovered are published as a public alerts stream, known as Gaia Science Alerts. This talk gave an overview of the project to date, and highlighted its unique characteristics as a transient survey. It discussed briefly some of the recent scientific results which illustrate the broad range of science investigations enabled by the data. Gaia Alerts is particularly suited to the study of Galactic populations, as it covers the Galactic Plane with high astrometric precision and photometric accuracy.
The Space-Based Photometry Revolution
Authors: Barclay T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is a NASA Astrophysics Explorer-class mission that will perform an all-sky survey to search for planets transiting nearby bright stars. The primary goal is to search for planets smaller than Neptune that are amenable to follow-up spectroscopic observations that will yield planet masses, thereby providing prime targets for future atmospheric characterization studies. In its two-year prime mission, TESS will monitor more than 200,000 stars with four wide-field optical CCD cameras that will tile more than 90% of the sky. TESS will also obtain full-frame images (FFIs) of the entire field of view with a cadence of 30 minutes to facilitate additional science. These FFIs will provide photometry for more than 30 million objects brighter than magnitude I =16 during the two-year prime mission. The TESS legacy will be a catalogue of the nearest and brightest main-sequence stars hosting transiting exoplanets. The TESS Mission will also have a robust Guest Investigator (GI) Programme that will be managed by the TESS Science Support Center at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Under the GI programme, the astrophysics community may propose new 2-minute cadence targets and investigations using the 30-minute cadence FFI data. TESS GI calls for proposals will occur once per year, and about 20,000 targets will be available for each GI programme cycle.TESS was launched in April 2018, and will observe from a unique elliptical high-Earth orbit that will provide an unobstructed view of its field to obtain continuous light-curves.
Variability, Pulsations and Mass Loss of Evolved Stars
Authors: Höfner S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEvolved low- and intermediate-mass stars that have reached the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase tend to show pronounced long-period variability due to large-amplitude pulsations. Those pulsations are considered to play a key role in triggering mass loss through massive dusty winds. The winds enrich the surrounding interstellar medium with newly-produced chemical elements and dust grains, providing building blocks for new generations of stars and planets. Considerable efforts are being made to understand the physics of AGB stars, and to develop quantitative models. This talk gave a brief summary of recent developments, with references to the literature.
Strong Shear and High-Amplitude Activity Cycle in a Metal-Rich Solar Analogue
Authors: Karoff C. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOver an 11-year cycle the Sun changes its brightness by less than 0.1%. However, it is an open question how strong the Sun’s photometric variability was in the distant past. One way to answer that is to study other Sun-like stars and compare their photometric variability with that of the Sun. In a recent paper, we presented ground-based spectroscopic observations of a 7.4-year cycle in the solar analogue HD 173701. Complemented with observations from the Kepler space telescope, those data constitute the most complete set of observations of a stellar cycle ever obtained for any Sun-like star. They reveal that HD 173701 has strong solar-like differential rotation and a magnetic cycle comparable to the cycle generated by the solar dynamo, but with a resulting variability twice the amplitude of that observed in the Sun.