bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informed consent
Authors: McCormack D. J. , Gulati A. , Mangwani J. 
Published: June 2018

Our aim in this paper was to investigate the guidelines and laws governing informed consent in the English-speaking world. We noted a recent divergence from medical paternalism within the United Kingdom, highlighted by the Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board ruling of 2015. We investigated the situation in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States of America. We read the national guidance regarding obtaining consent for surgical intervention for each country. We used the references from this guidance to identify the laws that helped inform the guidance, and reviewed the court documents for each case. There has been a trend towards a more patient-focused approach in consent in each country. Surgeons should be aware of the guidance and legal cases so that they can inform patients fully, and prevent legal problems if outdated practices are followed. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:687–92.
E-procurement espousal and assessment framework: A case-based study of Indian automobile companies
Authors: Jain Mukul , Abidi Naseem , Bandyopadhayay Asit 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Indian automobile industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the country. Considering the importance of e-procurement in automobile industry, many researchers have developed various models that help organizations to adopt e-procurement successfully. The implementation of e-procurement is divided into three phases: pre-espousal, espousal and assessment. These three phases are very crucial and important for the success of any e-procurement system. Different frameworks have been suggested for the espousal and assessment of e-procurement. In this article the authors develop a composite framework that integrates all the three phases of e-procurement system in the Indian automobile industry with the help of an integrative literature review, three case studies and an experience survey. However, this is purely a conceptual framework that requires validation before implementation.
Optimization of machining parameters during Drilling by Taguchi based Design of Experiments and Validation by Neural Network
Authors: Sreenivasulu Reddy , SrinivasaRao Chalamalasetti 
Published: June 2018

Drilling is a hole making process on machine components at the time of assembly work, which are identify everywhere. In precise applications, quality and accuracy play a wide role. Nowadays’ industries suffer due to the cost incurred during deburring, especially in precise assemblies such as aerospace/aircraft body structures, marine works and automobile industries. Burrs produced during drilling causes dimensional errors, jamming of parts and misalignment. Therefore, deburring operation after drilling is often required. Now, reducing burr size is a serious topic. In this study experiments are conducted by choosing various input parameters selected from previous researchers. The effect of alteration of drill geometry on thrust force and burr size of drilled hole was investigated by the Taguchi design of experiments and found an optimum combination of the most significant input parameters from ANOVA to get optimum reduction in terms of burr size by design expert software. Drill thrust influences more on burr size. The clearance angle of the drill bit causes variation in thrust. The burr height is observed in this study. These output results are compared with the neural network software @easy NN plus. Finally, it is concluded that by increasing the number of nodes the computational cost increases and the error in nueral network decreases. Good agreement was shown between the predictive model results and the experimental responses.
Choquard-type equations with Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev upper-critical growth
Authors: Cassani Daniele , Zhang Jianjun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe are concerned with the existence of ground states and qualitative properties of solutions for a class of nonlocal Schrödinger equations. We consider the case in which the nonlinearity exhibits critical growth in the sense of the Hardy–Littlewood–Sobolev inequality, in the range of the so-called upper-critical exponent. Qualitative behavior and concentration phenomena of solutions are also studied. Our approach turns out to be robust, as we do not require the nonlinearity to enjoy monotonicity nor Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz-type conditions, still using variational methods.
Unfolding the Genome: The Case Study of P. falciparum
Authors: Varoquaux Nelle 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The development of new ways to probe samples for the three-dimensional (3D) structure of DNA paves the way for in depth and systematic analyses of the genome architecture. 3C-like methods coupled with high-throughput sequencing can now assess physical interactions between pairs of loci in a genome-wide fashion, thus enabling the creation of genome-by-genome contact maps. The spreading of such protocols creates many new opportunities for methodological development: how can we infer 3D models from these contact maps? Can such models help us gain insights into biological processes?
Several recent studies applied such protocols to P. falciparum (the deadliest of the five human malaria parasites), assessing its genome organization at different moments of its life cycle. With its small genomic size, fairly simple (yet changing) genomic organization during its lifecyle and strong correlation between chromatin folding and gene expression, this parasite is the ideal case study for applying and developing methods to infer 3D models and use them for downstream analysis.
Here, I review a set of methods used to build and analyse three-dimensional models from contact maps data with a special highlight on P. falciparum’s genome organization.
Phaseless inverse problems with interference waves
Authors: Romanov Vladimir G. , Yamamoto Masahiro 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Two phaseless inverse problems for elliptic equations are considered.
We assume that information related to modulus of full fields, which consist of sums of
incident and scattering fields, is given. These full fields are the interference fields
generated by point sources. We introduce a set of auxiliary point sources
for solving the inverse problems and demonstrate that the corresponding data allow us to solve the inverse
problems in a way similar to the case of measurements of scattering waves.
The expectation mismatch effect in accentedness perception of Asian and Caucasian non-native speakers of English
Authors: Gnevsheva Ksenia 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Previous research on speech perception has found an effect of ethnicity, such that the same audio clip may be rated more accented when presented with an Asian face (Rubin, Donald L. 1992. Nonlanguage factors affecting undergraduates’ judgments of nonnative English-speaking teaching assistants. Research in Higher Education 33(4). 511–531. doi: 10.1007/bf00973770). However, most previous work has concentrated on Asian non-native English speakers, and Caucasian speakers remain under-explored. In this study, listeners carried out an accentedness rating task using stimuli from first language Korean, German, and English speakers in 3 conditions: audio only, video only, and audiovisual. Korean speakers received similar accentedness ratings regardless of condition, but German speakers were rated significantly less accented in the video condition and more accented in the audiovisual condition than the audio one. This result is explained as an expectation mismatch effect, whereby, when the listeners saw a Caucasian speaker they did not expect to hear a foreign accent, but if they actually heard one it was made more salient by their expectation to the contrary.
Gütekriterien qualitativer Sozialforschung. Ein Diskussionsanstoß
Authors: Strübing Jörg , Hirschauer Stefan , Ayaß Ruth , Krähnke Uwe , Scheffer Thomas 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag expliziert Gütekriterien der qualitativen Sozialforschung. Er geht von der Prämisse aus, dass Qualitätsmerkmale in diesem Segment empirischer Sozialforschung nur unter konsequentem Rekurs auf die spezifischen Funktionsbedingungen interpretativer und rekonstruktiver Verfahren zu bestimmen sind. Fünf Kriterien werden vorgeschlagen:Gegenstandsangemessenist eine Weise der Herstellung des Forschungsgegenstandes, die das empirische Feld ernst nimmt und Methoden, Fragestellungen und Datentypen einer fortlaufenden Justierungsanforderung unterwirft.Empirische Sättigungreflektiert die Güte der Verankerung von Interpretationen im Datenmaterial.Theoretische Durchdringungmarkiert die Qualität der Theoriebezüge, in die das Forschen eingespannt ist, und arbeitet an deren Irritationspotential.Textuelle Performanzbezeichnet die Leistung, die Texte als Güte konstituierende Kommunikation gegenüber Rezipientinnen der Forschung zu erbringen haben.Originalitätschließlichist das Kriterium, an dem die Einlösung des Neuigkeitsanspruchs wissenschaftlichen Wissens zu prüfen ist.
Ethnic Discrimination in the German Housing Market
Authors: Horr Andreas , Hunkler Christian , Kroneberg Clemens 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Ethnic discrimination in the housing market has long been seen as a cause of residential segregation and social inequality. While research has investigated the existence and extent of discrimination with regard to written applications for housing, little is known about personal inquiries via telephone. This study reports on findings from a telephone audit study that has allowed us to estimate the impact of (ethnic) accents and to distinguish between taste-based and statistical discrimination. We find no significant discrimination against callers with Turkish names. However, callers with both a Turkish name and accent were invited to view apartments significantly less often. Information about steady employment compensated for this disadvantage to a large extent. We conclude that statistical discrimination plays a major role in explaining why persons of Turkish origin receive fewer invitations to view apartments.
La profesión periodística española a la deriva
Authors: Gomez Patiño Maria 
Published: June 2018

La profesión periodística española está sufriendo una transformación integral, que afecta a la calidad de “lo publicado” y a la “percepción de la opinión pública”. La precariedad de los medios de comunicación, especialmente los tradicionales, está reduciendo dramáticamente la calidad de los trabajos periodísticas, lo cual entra en conflicto con los eslóganes del periodismo que son axiomáticos: 1) sin periodismo no hay democracia; 2) sin democracia no hay periodismo, 3) sin ellos no hay opinión pública. Se precisa un nuevo modo de pensar y de hacer el periodismo, desde la formación y el desarrollo de la profesión. Metodológicamente, además de presentar datos estadísticos significativos para poder analizar la evolución de la profesión, se parte del ethical witnessing profesional, que tiene como punto de partida la observación profesional desde el “deber ser”, desde los imperativos profesionales para que el Periodismo pueda cumplir con todas sus funciones sociales. La revisión profesional desde la teoría y la praxis arrojan unos resultados que evidencian la necesidad de un nuevo paradigma periodístico, recuperando para ello todos los principios rectores desde la profesión, desde las últimas tecnologías. Solo una conciliación armónica de los fundamentos periodísticos clásicos del periodismo, junto a la aplicación de las más innovadoras tecnologías, devolverán al periodismo el lugar social, económico y político que nunca debió haber abandonado.
Surrogate Measures for Traffic Safety Evaluation in Developing Countries: An Application Toward Sustainable Safety
Authors: Mahmud S. M. Sohel , Ferreira Luis , Hoque Md. Shamsul , Tavassoli Ahmad 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Road traffic crashes have significant negative social, economic, and infrastructure consequences, particularly in developing countries. The methods for evaluating the causal factors to identify appropriate interventions and to mitigate the problem are causes of great concern in those countries. One of the major reasons is that the evaluation methods are still based on traditional approaches, which mainly rely on the reported crash records. The underreporting coupled with the incomplete and inconsistent recording of crashes is a major issue in such settings. Poor timelines, ethical issues, biasness, and human error are also critical issues. Using a case study from Bangladesh, an assessment of the data quality of reported crash databases is presented in this article. The approach offers a means to develop and apply a robust method that can yield targeted safety measures without the need for using crash data. The application of traffic conflict techniques, which has gained research interest as a proactive surrogate approach, could be a better alternative. However, the testing and application of this approach are still confined to the lane-based homogeneous traffic environment, which mainly prevails in developed countries. Considering the traffic characteristics and limited facilities in developing countries, this article outlines an adapted framework for safety evaluation using a traffic conflict technique. The adapted technique has been applied in a major highway section of Bangladesh and validated by comparing the characteristics of the estimated conflicts and real crash data. Finally, future research directions for achieving sustainable road safety objectives in developing countries are outlined.
gQTL: A Web Application for QTL Analysis Using the Collaborative Cross Mouse Genetic Reference Population
Authors: Konganti Kranti , Ehrlich Andre , Rusyn Ivan , Threadgill David W 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMulti-parental recombinant inbred populations, such as the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse genetic reference population, are increasingly being used for analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL). However specialized analytic software for these complex populations is typically built in R that works only on command-line, which limits the utility of these powerful resources for many users. To overcome analytic limitations, we developed gQTL, a web accessible, simple graphical user interface application based on the DOQTL platform in R to perform QTL mapping using data from CC mice.
Serum miRNA-122 is an Independent Biomarker of Survival in Patients with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
Authors: Friedrich Kilian , Baumann Carina , Wannhoff Andreas , Rupp Christian , Mehrabi Arianeb , Weiss Karl Heinz , Gotthardt Daniel 
Published: June 2018

Background & Aims: The disease course of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is variable and difficult to predict. MicroRNA-122 (miR-122) is associated with various liver diseases. We investigated the value of miR-122 as a biomarker for the disease course of PSC.Methods: We determined serum miR-122 levels in a long-term, prospective cohort of 114 PSC patients anda second validation cohort.Results: Based on miR-122 levels, PSC patients were assigned to low or high level miR-122 groups. Kaplan- Meier analysis showed significantly impaired actuarial transplant-free survival for PSC patients in the low miR-122 group (mean: 46.1 ± 4.1 months; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 38.1–54.2) compared to the high miR- 122 group (mean: 95.2 ± 7.9 months; 95% CI: 79.5–110.8; p = 0.034). Using a multivariate Cox’s proportional hazards model approach, Mayo-Risk score (odds ratio [OR]: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.13‒1.92; p = 0.004), the presence of dominant strictures (OR: 2.62; 95% CI: 1.00‒5.55; p = 0.004), and serum miR-122 levels (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.00‒1.43; p = 0.045) were independent risk factors associated with reduced actuarial transplant-free survival. We were able to confirm this finding in a second, independent cohort of PSC patients (low miR-122 group: mean survival: 13.1 ± 5.2 months; 95% CI: 2.8–23.4; high miR-122 group: mean: 28.62 ± 4.2 months; 95% CI: 20.3–37.0; p = 0.018).Conclusions: We identified miR-122 as a novel, independent prognostic biomarker associated with improved survival in PSC patients. It is unknown whether exogenous miR-122 might influence the disease course of PSC patients.
A Seroprevalence Study for Hepatitis B Virus Markers of Infection in Pregnant Women in Romania: Results and Opportunities for Prevention
Authors: Popovici Odette , Radu Rodica , Romaniuc Angela , Azoicăi Doina 
Published: June 2018

Background & Aims: The Action Plan for viral hepatites in the WHO European Region aims to eliminate them as a public health threat by the end of 2030. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) perinatal transmission is a problem of major concern. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence of HBV markers in pregnant women in Romania, as scientific evidence for recommending public health interventions.Methods. The serum samples were prospectively collected in randomly selected maternities, from pregnant women admitted for birth beginning with July 1st, 2016. Signed informed consent was requested and the confidentiality of personal data was assured. The laboratory investigations were performed in two regional public health laboratories.Results. The prevalence of HBsAg was 5.1%. Among HBsAg positives, the HBeAg was present in 7.4% and the anti-HBeAb were detected in 55.6% of the pregnant women.Conclusion.The results of the study were comparable to those in 2013 for the women of the same age group, which proves the need for established public health interventions leading to reducing, and halting HBV transmission in the population.
Helicobacter Pylori Eradication Therapy is Not Associated with the Onset of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. A Case-Control Study
Authors: Rosania Rosa , Arnim Ulrike Von , Link Alexander , Rajilic-Stojanovic Mirjana , Franck Caspar , Canbay Ali , Malfertheiner Peter , Venerito Marino 
Published: June 2018

Background & Aims: A negative association between H. pylori and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been previously reported. There were also case reports suggesting a new onset of IBD 6-12 months after H. pylori eradication therapy. In a case-control study we investigated whether previous H. pylori eradication therapy was associated with the risk of developing IBD.Methods: IBD outpatients with both Crohn´s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) were enrolled. Age- and sex-matched blood donors served as controls in a 1:2 fashion. Information on demographics, medical history, previous H. pylori infection and eradication therapy was recorded. Serum samples for H. pylori serology testing (anti-H. pylori-IgG and anti-CagA-IgG) were obtained. Controls that received H. pylori eradication therapy during the 12 months previous to enrollment were excluded.Results: Overall, 127 IBD patients (CD N= 90; UC N= 37) and 254 controls were enrolled. The prevalence of H. pylori infection (positive H. pylori serology and/or previous eradication) in IBD patients and controls was 11% and 23%, respectively (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.21-0.74, p<0.003). Four patients (3%) developed IBD (3 MC and 1 CU) after receiving successful H. pylori eradication (latency 6-12 months). The rate of previous H. pylori eradication therapy in patents who successively developed IBD was lower but not statistically different from that observed in the control group (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.14-1.29, p=0.16).Conclusions: In our study previous H. pylori eradication therapy was not associated with the onset of IBD.Whether in a subgroup of patients, H. pylori eradication therapy may trigger a latent IBD, cannot be excluded.
Centralized Care For Acute Pancreatitis Significantly Improves Outcomes
Authors: Gódi Szilárd , Erőss Bálint , Gyömbér Zsuzsanna , Szentesi Andrea , Farkas Nelli , Párniczky Andrea , Sarlós Patrícia , Bajor Judit , Czimmer József , Mikó Alexandra , Márta Katalin , Hágendorn Roland , Márton Zsolt , Verzár Zsófia , Czakó László , Szepes Zoltán , Vincze Áron , Hegyi Péter 
Published: June 2018

Aims: In this observational study, we investigated whether specialized care improves outcomes for acute pancreatitis (AP).Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to two university hospitals with AP were enrolled in this study between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016 (Center A: specialized center; Center B: general hospital). Data on demographic characteristics and AP etiology, severity, mortality and quality of care (enteral nutrition and antibiotic use) were extracted from the Hungarian Acute Pancreatitis Registry. An independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney test, chi-squared test or Fisher’s test were used for statistical analyses. Costs of care were calculated and compared in the two models of care.Results: There were 355 patients enrolled, 195 patients in the specialized center (Center A) and 160 patients in the general hospital (Center B). There was no difference in mean age (57.02 ±17.16 vs. 57.31 ±16.50 P=0.872) and sex ratio (56% males vs. 57% males, P=0.837) between centres, allowing a comparison without selection bias. Center A had lower mortality (n=2, 1.03% vs. n=16, 6.25%, p=0.007), more patients received enteral feeding (n=179, 91.8%, vs. n=36, 22.5%, p<0.001) and fewer patients were treated with antibiotics (n=85, 43.6% vs. n=123, 76.9%, p=0.001). In Center A the median length of hospitalization was shorter (Me 6, IQR 5–9 vs. Me 8, IQR 6–11, p=0.02) and the costs of care were by 25% lower.Conclusion: Our data suggests that treatment of AP in specialized centers reduces mortality, length of hospitalization and thus might reduce the costs.
Efficacy and Safety of Sofosbuvir-containing Regimens in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients with Genotype 2 and 3: a Comprehensive Analysis of 18 Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Fan Haozhi , Huang Peng , Tian Ting , Wu Jingjing , Xia Xueshan , Feng Yue , Wang Jie , Yu Rongbin , Zhang Yun , Yue Ming 
Published: June 2018

Background and Aim: Sofosbuvir is a hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase inhibitor. The objective of this study was to explore the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir for HCV genotype (GT) 2 and 3 infected patients.Method: We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which analyzed the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvircontaining regimens for HCV GT 2/3 infected patients and collected data. The endpoints were sustained virological response 12- and 24-weeks after the cessation of therapy (SVR12 and SVR24), the adverse events (AEs) and the severe adverse events (SAEs).Results: Eighteen trials comprising 2,975 HCV GT 2/3 infected patients were included. The pooled estimate SVR12, SVR24, AEs and SAEs rates were 84.6% (95% CI: 83.2-86.0), 83.7% (95% CI: 82.0-85.2), 83.8 (95% CI: 82.3-85.3) and 3.9 (95% CI: 3.2-4.8). The SVR12 rate of sofosbuvir-containing regimens for HCV GT 2 infection was higher than that for HCV GT 3 infection (95.7% vs. 80.8%). The sofosbuvir combined with velpatasvir (with or without ribavirin) regimen presented a higher SVR12 rate and lower AEs rate than the sofosbuvir combined with ribavirin (with or without peg-IFN) regimen (94.9% vs. 80.7% for SVR12 rate; 69.3% vs. 87.7% for AEs rate).Conclusions: The sofosbuvir-containing regimens in patients with HCV GT 2 infection have better efficacy than in patients with HCV GT 3 infection.