bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Early Modern Invention of Late Antique Rome: How Historiography Helped Create the Crypt of the Popes
Authors: Lewis Nicola Denzey 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:At some point in late antiquity, most scholars believe, Christians reversed the powerful valence of death pollution and considered corpses and bones to be sacred. The rise of the ‘Cult of the Saints’ or ‘cult of relics’ is widely accepted as a curious social phenomenon that characterized late antiquity. This paper argues that although present elsewhere in the late Roman Empire, no such ‘corporeal turn’ happened in Rome. The prevailing assumption that it did – fostered by the apologetic concerns of early modern Catholic historiography – has led us to gloss over important evidence to the contrary, to read our own assumptions into our extant textual, material, and archaeological sources. As a ‘case study’, this paper considers the so-called ‘Crypt of the Popes’ in the catacombs of Callixtus, which is universally presented unproblematically as an authentic burial chamber attesting to an age of persecution and the strength of Catholic apostolic succession. This paper argues, by contrast, that the chamber is not what it seems; it is, rather, a case of early modern historiographical artifice masquerading as late antique Roman Christianity.
“The Immortal Traveler”: How Historiography Changed Judaism
Authors: Facchini Cristiana 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:The historiography of Judaism as a scholarly enterprise primarily developed during the nineteenth century as the byproduct of a number of historical conditions that influenced Western culture at large. First and foremost, European society at the time was shaped by the dynamism and social change brought on by industrialization. Moreover, the nineteenth century’s culture held on to a romantic image of the past in its multifarious guises – the ancient or the medieval, and in some cases the age of the Renaissance – to which various currents of European thought had contributed. The past, and therefore history as a cultural practice, was particularly important in the age of nationalism and empires. In this article I analyze how certain religious topics such as the ‘historical Jesus’ and the relevance of the Kabbalah were elaborated in the early modern period and readdressed, with different religious and cultural agendas, in the nineteenth century.
History Writing and the Making of Mongolian Buddhism
Authors: Kollmar-Paulenz Karénina 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:When in the late sixteenth century the third Dalai Lama travelled to the Mongolian regions, he was accompanied by Buddhist monks of different Tibetan schools, Gelugpa, Sakyapa, Kagyüpa and others. Many of them built monasteries and temples in Mongolia, funded by Mongolian nobles. Although Gelugpa Buddhism quickly became dominant in Mongolia, the other schools remained present and active in the country until today. From the start, however, most Mongolian historians described the spread and development of Buddhism in the Mongolian lands as the endeavor of just one school, the ‘glorious Gelugpa’, ignoring the plurality of the Tibetan-Buddhist schools in the Mongolian religious field. This paper aims to analyze how and to what aims Mongolian historians created a uniform Gelugpa Buddhism, which taxonomies they used and which narratives they employed to present Gelugpa Buddhism as the religion of the Mongolian peoples. Moreover, the paper explores which impact Mongolian historiography had (and has) on modern scholarship and its narrative of Mongolian religious history. I argue that modern scholarship helps to perpetuate the ‘master narrativeʼ of Mongolian Buddhist historiography, presenting Mongolian Buddhism as a ‘pureʼ, exclusive Gelugpa Buddhism.
Double Vision: Epiphanies of the Dioscuri in Classical Antiquity
Authors: Platt Verity J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:The Dioscuri – Castor and Pollux – are among the most epiphanic of gods, frequently appearing in battle or to sailors struggling at sea. On Chios, a festival called the Theophania was founded in the third century BC to commemorate an epiphany of the twin gods. Indeed, their appearance at the Sicilian battle of the River Sagra c. 540 BC was so well known in Greek – and Roman – culture that it was invoked as a proverbial example of epiphanic manifestation in Cicero’s De natura deorum (2.1.13); as such, it was the model for several Graeco-Roman battle epiphanies featuring the Dioscuri and their horses, from Postumius’ victory at Lake Regillus in 496 BC to Constantine’s at the Milvian Bridge in AD 312. The numerous battle epiphanies of antiquity have been gathered and assessed by previous scholars (Pfister 1924 and Pritchett 1979). This article posits a new approach to the material, arguing that, because of their fame and ubiquity, epiphanies of the Dioscuri provided a model through which to explore both the validity and visual authority of divine manifestation. The conjuring of divine presence through the physical semeia of the gods is also an important element of the portrayal of the Dioscuri in image form. Representations of these epiphanic gods cover a spectrum of iconicity, ranging from highly anthropomorphized ‘re-enactments’ of their epiphanies (such as the sculptures set up in the Roman forum to commemorate the Lake Regillus victory) to metonymic denotations of their presence in the form of their polos hats, and sub-iconic depictions of twin stars. This combination of corporeal and cosmic semeia provides a sophisticated commentary upon the cognitive dilemmas raised by epiphany: what kind of bodies do the gods have, how do they reveal these forms to mortals, and how are we to recognize and identify them? As deities defined by dualism – mortals and immortals, gods and heroes, men and stars – the Dioscuri provide a particularly potent model for exploring such issues, for both ancient thinkers and modern scholars of epiphany.
Loosing Vows and Oaths in the Roman Empire and Beyond: Authority and Interpretation
Authors: Blidstein Moshe 
Published: April 2018

Abstract:Vows, dedications and promissory oaths were an important category of language for people in the ancient Mediterranean. Using various formulae, people promised the gods (in the case of vows and dedications), or each other (in the case of oaths), that they would perform certain acts in the future, giving more than usual force to their words. The purpose of this article is to investigate the mechanics and hermeneutics of promises backed by divine power in the ancient Mediterranean.
Novel Weaving Technology for the Manufacture of 2D Net Shape Fabrics for Cost Effective Textile Reinforced Composites
Authors: Vo Duy Minh Phuong , Hoffmann Gerald , Cherif Chokri 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Despite significant weight and performance advantages over metal parts, today’s demand for fiber-reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) has been limited mainly by their huge manufacturing cost. The combination of dry textile preforms and low-cost consolidation processes such as resin transfer molding (RTM) has been appointed as a promising approach to low-cost FRPC manufacture. This paper presents an advanced weaving technique developed with the aim to establish a more cost-effective system for the manufacture of dry textile preforms for FRPC. 2D woven fabrics with integrated net shape selvedge can be obtained using the open reed weave (ORW) technology, enabling the manufacture of 2D cut patterns with firm edge, so that oversize cutting and hand trimming after molding are no longer required. The introduction of 2D woven fabrics with net shape selvedge helps to reduce material waste, cycle time and preform manufacturing cost significantly. Furthermore, higher grade of automation in preform fabrication can be achieved.
Applications of observers in medical robotics
Authors: Fallahi Bita , Sloboda Ron S. , Tavakoli Mahdi 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This paper presents the applications of observers in robot-assisted medical procedures, in which robotic manipulators act in collaboration with surgeons or therapists to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the interventions. Observers can be considered as replacements for sensors to provide the surgeon and/or the robots with information about the tissue, surgical tools, and their interaction. This paper provides an overview of the observation methods for estimating the tool pose, tissue motion, and the interaction forces. Having a good model for the system and guaranteeing the safety and efficiency of the methods are the challenges involved in using the observers in medical procedures. However, the application-driven nature of the medical robotics provides a thriving field of study for using the observers.
Some recent results on the design and implementation of interval observers for uncertain systems
Authors: Raïssi Tarek , Efimov Denis 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Based on the theory of positive systems, the goal of interval observers is to compute sets of admissible values of the state vector at each instant of time for systems subject to bounded uncertainties (noises, disturbances and parameters). The size of the estimated sets, which should be minimised, has to be proportional to the model uncertainties. An interval estimation can be seen as a conventional point estimation (the centre of the interval) with an estimation error given by the interval radius. The reliable uncertainties propagation performed in this context can be useful in several fields such as robust control, diagnosis and fault-tolerant control. This paper presents some recent results on interval observers for several dynamical systems classes such as continuous-time and switched systems.
Der EVIFA-Relaunch: Von der virtuellen Fachbibliothek zum One-Stop-Shop für die ethnologischen Fächer
Authors: Harbeck Matthias 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Mit dem Wechsel vom SSG-System zu den Fachinformationsdiensten stehen auch die virtuellen Fachbibliotheken vor einem Umbruch. Welche Services sollen wie und warum fortgeführt werden? Wie nachhaltig kann man vor dem Hintergrund einer bedarfsorientierten, projektartigen Förderstruktur entwickeln? Der Artikel zeigt die Vorgehensweise, die Hürden und mögliche Lösungswege am Beispiel des Fachportals EVIFA im Fachinformationsdienst Sozial- und Kulturanthropologie. Es wird deutlich, dass in kleineren Einrichtungen eine Verringerung der Komplexität der Angebote sowie die Nachnutzung technischer Lösungen der Trägerinstitution aber auch anderer Einrichtungen eine größere Rolle spielen werden, da technische Entwicklungen in kurzfristigen Bewilligungszeiträumen schwer realisierbar sind.
Viele Daten, hohe Hürden: Eine Bilanz aus dem Projekt Open-Access-Statistik
Authors: Herb Ulrich 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel referiert die Ergebnisse des Projekts Open-Access-Statistik, dessen Ziel es war, standardisierte Nutzungszahlen für wissenschaftliche Dokumente zu erheben. Die gesammelten Nutzungsdaten sollten in erster Linie dazu dienen, Impact-Werte für Open-Access-Dokumente zu ermitteln. Das Projekt sah auch die Implementierung anspruchsvollerer Verfahren wie Netzwerk-Analysen vor, sah sich jedoch mit komplexen rechtlichen Anforderungen konfrontiert. Der Beitrag versucht überdies, Open-Access-Statistik und Altmetrics in Beziehung zu setzen.
Wissen kommt von Machen
Authors: Tiepmar Jonas , Mittelbach Jens , Kaiser Melanie , Dobeleit Daniela , Schwanse Paul , Fröhner Uta , Jähne Maik 
Published: April 2018

ZusammenfassungMit der Digitalisierung und der damit einhergehenden technologischen Revolution verschwinden die Grenzen der früher deutlich getrennten internen und externen Anteile der publizistischen Produktionskette. Außerdem befördert das Aufkommen von neuartigen und leicht zugänglichen Technologien wie 3D-Druck oder Lasercutting den Methodenwandel in der Wissenschaft und kommt interdisziplinären Ansätzen entgegen. Der Bedarf an Wissen zu diesen Technologien und dessen Vermittlung steigt aber zeitgleich mit. Die SLUB Dresden versucht, diesem Bedarf mit dem Angebot eines wissenschaftlichen Makerspace zu entsprechen. Erfolge dieses Konzeptes und Herausforderungen bei der Umsetzung werden hier beschrieben.
Publikationsunterstützung an der Universität Graz: Themen, Zielgruppen, Formate
Authors: Kaier Christian , Lackner Karin 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die „Publikationsservices“ an der Universitätsbibliothek Graz haben in Kooperation mit unterschiedlichen Verwaltungseinheiten sowie mit den sechs Fakultäten der Universität ein breites Serviceportfolio zur Publikationsberatung entwickelt. Dieser Beitrag schildert den Aufbau und die Weiterentwicklung eines umfassenden Informations-, Beratungs- und Veranstaltungsangebots zum wissenschaftlichen Publizieren und zieht eine erste Zwischenbilanz.
Berta Zuckerkandl – Netzwerkerin der Wiener Moderne: Über die Sammlungen Emile Zuckerkandl an der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek
Authors: Brantl Vera 
Published: April 2018

Zusammenfassung
Berta Zuckerkandl war durch ihre journalistische Arbeit eine bedeutende und einflussreiche Protagonistin der Wiener Moderne. Mit ihrem Salon stand die jüdische Intellektuelle zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts im Zentrum eines weitverzweigten literarischen, künstlerischen und gesellschaftlichen Netzwerks, das von den Nationalsozialisten zerstört wurde. Berta Zuckerkandls Nachlass, der von ihrem Enkel Emile aufbewahrt wurde, konnte von der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek in Etappen erworben werden.
Management of myasthenia gravis during pregnancy: A report of eight cases
Authors: Shi Beibei , Zeng Linchai 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical course of myasthenia gravis (MG) during pregnancy is highly variable and unpredictable. The management of MG in pregnancy has not been standardized.MethodsEight cases of MG in pregnancy, who were treated and gave birth in our hospital between 2004 and 2012, were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsIn three patients, MG deteriorated during pregnancy. Three patients discontinued their medication for MG during their pregnancy, and the other five patients continued on corticosteroid or pyridostigmine. None of the infants showed any congenital abnormalities. Interestingly, there was a trend towards lower birth weight in infants born to women who had an exacerbation of MG during pregnancy. One patient who had unstable MG before pregnancy and voluntarily discontinued the medication for MG at the beginning of pregnancy, experienced MG exacerbation at the 30th week of pregnancy and gave birth prematurely to an infant with transient neonatal MG at the 34th week. The other seven patients had uneventful full-term pregnancy.ConclusionWomen with unstable MG should postpone pregnancy to avoid potential risk of MG exacerbation and adverse effects on the fetus. Medication for MG should not be stopped abruptly during pregnancy, particularly for women with unstable MG. MG during pregnancy should be closely monitored and properly controlled.
DNA barcoding of online herbal supplements: crowd-sourcing pharmacovigilance in high school
Authors: Molina Jeanmaire , Sherpa Chhoti , Ng Joyee , Sonam Tenzin , Stuhr Nicole 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerbal medicinal products (HMPs) have grown increasingly popular in the United States, many of them with imported raw materials and sold online. Yet due to the lack of regulation from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), manufacturers of the products can substitute or add in other herbs that are not advertised on the label. In this study, as part of the Urban Barcode Research Program (UBRP), an education initiative to engage New York City high school students in science, we aimed to taxonomically authenticate single-ingredient online-sold HMPs containing non-native plants through DNA barcoding of the internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2) and matK. We were able to successfully barcode 20 HMPs, but four of these did not match the expected species. It was concluded that the four HMPs advertising astragalus, epazote, ginseng, and chanca piedra were contaminated/ substituted because their ITS2 and matK DNA sequences did not match the expected taxonomy in GenBank, a government database. Our study highlights the importance of herbal pharmacovigilance in the absence of strict government regulation of herbal supplements and motivates crowd-sourced DNA barcoding to enable American consumers make informed choices and be more empowered to safeguard their health.
Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients in the Chinese Population
Authors: Wang Chunling , Cui Fuping , Li Junqiu , Yuan Xiangzhi , Wang Jia , Liu Liyun , Wang Mingxiao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) refers to the formation of a blood clot inside veins and has a high risk of inducing medical accidents. An effective risk assessment model will help screen high risk populations and prevent the occurrence of VTE. In this study, 287 VTE cases were collected and analyzed for risk factors in a Chinese population. The risks of VTE were evaluated using the Caprini and Padua models. Our results indicated that the Caprini model was more effective in evaluating VTE risk among hospitalized patients than the Padua model. As well, the Caprini model was more relevant in VTE risk assessment among surgery patients compared with internal medicine patients, while the Padua model showed no significant differences. In our studies, the most frequent risk factors included obesity, medical patients currently at bed rest, and severe lung disease. Our studies provide clinical support on selecting the suitable risk assessment model of VTE in the Chinese population.
Diffuse near-infrared imaging of tissue with picosecond time resolution
Authors: Grosenick Dirk , Wabnitz Heidrun , Macdonald Rainer 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Optical imaging of biological tissue in vivo at multiple wavelengths in the near-infrared (NIR) spectral range can be achieved with picosecond time resolution at high sensitivity by time-correlated single photon counting. Measuring and analyzing the distribution of times of flight of photons randomly propagated through the tissue has been applied for diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy, e.g. of human breast tissue and of the brain. In this article, we review the main features and the potential of NIR multispectral imaging with picosecond time resolution and illustrate them by exemplar applications in these fields. In particular, we discuss the experimental methods developed at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) to record optical mammograms and to quantify the absorption and scattering properties from which hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation of healthy and diseased breast tissue have been derived by combining picosecond time-domain and spectral information. Furthermore, optical images of functional brain activation were obtained by a non-contact scanning device exploiting the null source-detector separation approach which takes advantage of the picosecond time resolution as well. The recorded time traces of changes in the oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations during a motor stimulation investigation show a localized response from the brain.
A comparative study of sustainable industrial heat supply based on economic and thermodynamic factors
Authors: Wolf Magdalena , Pröll Tobias 
Published: April 2018

SummaryThree different process types of heat supply for industrial production processes requiring low temperature heat at 140°C are analyzed and compared with each other. The thermodynamic and economic efficiency of a gas turbine process with a heat recovery boiler (GT), a gas and steam turbine combined cycle process with a back-pressure turbine (GT-CC) and a high temperature heat pump (HTHP) system recovering waste heat from humid exhaust air between 90°C and 50°C are assessed based on energy flows, exergy flows and costs of heat provided as 4 bar (abs) saturated steam. The economic analysis bases on the comparison of the consumption-related costs of heat, the capital-related costs of heat and the operation-related costs of heat. The payback-times are calculated for different HTHP investment cost levels (1000 EUR/kWQ, 750 EUR/kWQ, 500 EUR/kWQand 250 EUR/kWQ). To evaluate the effects of fluctuating energy costs, a sensitivity analysis with varying gas and electricity prices has been carried out.The results show that the HTHP system, even with modest performance assumptions, has a higher exergetic efficiency than the GT or the GT-CC process. For the consumption-related costs, the economic calculation shows that the operation of a HTHP, working with a coefficient of performance (COP) of four and for a natural gas price of 25 EUR/MWh, is the cheapest way of heat production as long as the electricity price is lower than 45 EUR/MWh. An electricity price above 45 EUR/MWh makes a GT-CC process more favorable. For the period from January 2013 until June 2016, the total costs of heat and the payback times, based on real gas and electricity prices from the EEX, are calculated and analyzed. For overall cost-optimized heat supply, the results show that the share of heat provided by the HTHP system varies between 45% and 76% between January 2013 and June 2016. Especially in 2013 and 2014, the economic conditions for operating heat pumps were very good. Since October 2015, the natural gas prices have seen a decrease and the economic conditions shifted again favoring the industrial heat supply with combined heat and power systems.
Using light stable isotopes to understand nutrient cycling in soils and how these isotopic techniques can be leveraged to investigate the ecology and biology of insects – A review
Authors: Hood-Nowotny Rebecca 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAt first glance, there appears little to link nitrogen cycling with entomology other that the use of isotope techniques. Soil management requires a contextual, adaptive, flexible approach that is based on understanding the factors that regulate the soil’s fundamental processes. Using stable isotope techniques for the analysis of the inherent biogeochemical processes can explain the complex soil–plant interactions, the determining factors of the nitrogen cycle, and the impacts of applying external inputs. Using the same stable isotope tools enables an interdisciplinary collaboration between soil science and entomology. Emerging plant pests, for instance, non-native insect species, are a threat to the agroecosystems. The knowledge of the origin and movement of invasive insects by using the intrinsic stable isotope signatures embedded in the environment allows identification of entry pathways and thus the establishment of effective management strategies to reduce the potential crop damage. Moreover, the feeding and mating biology of insects can also be understood using isotope techniques. Finally, the movement of mosquitoes can be understood by isotopic labeling so that these dangerous disease vectors can be more effectively managed. This and further research has led to a fuller understanding of insect feeding ecology and leading neatly around to how insect nutrition impacts soil organic matter turnover.