bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Day-night variation of airways status in sympathomimetic- and theophylline-treated asthma patients
Authors: D’Alonzo Gilbert E. , Brown Arthur C. , Smolensky Michael H. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Eleven diurnally active asthma patients having a history of nocturnal asthma and treated regularly with albuterol or metaproterenol alone or with twice-daily sustained-release theophylline were evaluated for day-night pattern in peak expiratory flow (PEF) and use of supplemental j3-agonist aerosol for relief of acute asthma. Overall, significant daynight variation was observed in the supplemental use of j3-agonist medication and in airway patency. The patients managed by albuterol or metaproterenol alone used supplemental j3-agonist medication significantly more between 4 AM and 8 AM and also 8 PM and midnight in comparison to 4 PM to 8 PM; this was not true for those treated with both theophylline and j3-agonist aerosol. In patients taking a j3-agonist bronchodilator, the 24-hour mean PEF was greater than in those who also took theophylline, but the day-night variation in PEF was comparable. Supplemental isoproterenol use was significantly correlated with circadian amplitude of the PEF rhythm, but not with the 24-hour mean PEF. The greater the day-night variation in PEF, the greater the reliance on a supplemental j3-agonist bronchodilator.
Assessing outcomes of the educational program of the West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine
Authors: Baker Helen H. , Cope Michael K. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
In. education, "assessment" refers to the ongoing, systematic process of identification of goals, development of methods for measuring progress toward attaining those goals, and use of resulting information to make revisions in educational programs. Recently, state-review programs and accrediting agencies have focused review efforts on outcomes of the educational process. The West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine has developed a successful outcomes assessment program that includes information regarding graduates' activities. The school is now considering new programs regarding more comprehensive assessment of clinical outcomes.
The lupus anticoagulant and pregnancy
Authors: Olson Nils A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The lupus anticoagulant has been understood for more than 40 years. However, reports of obstetric cases, although available, are not frequent. The author reviews the literature on this subject, including current recommendations on managing the problem in pregnancy. He reports a single case that involved a spontaneous abortion and a subsequent pregnancy in the same person. The second pregnancy during which the patient received prednisone and aspirin therapy, had a successful outcome.
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in the intensive care unit
Authors: Sing Ronald F. , Branas Charles C. , Marino, Paul L. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The authors describe the postoperative course of a 43-year-old man. Haloperidol was administered for agitation while the patient was in the intensive care unit. After administration of this drug, neuroleptic malignant syndrome developed. The authors review the literature as it relates to the use of haloperidol and the associated adverse effect of neuroleptic malignant syndrome. This report of a case demonstrating haloperidol's potential toxicity is intended to increase awareness within the critical care community and thereby prompt early diagnosis and aggressive management to prevent haloperidolassociated morbidity and mortality.
Support groups address residents' personal development
Authors: Butler Ricahrd 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Graduate medical education traditionally has emphasized the teaching of biomedical knowledge and technical skills. However, physicians-in-training also need opportunities to explore their emotional reactions that occur during the process of patient care and medical training. The promotion of personal growth and self-awareness should be important components of graduate medical education. Easily implemented, a resident support , group is one forum that addresses this obvious gap in medical education. This article reviews the goals and structure of support groups, with the hope that more training programs will implement them.
Standards for Pediatric Immunization Practices: An osteopathic physician's commentary and 'reality check'
Authors: Marino Ronald V. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The "Standards for Pediatric Immunization Practices," recommended by the National Vaccine Advisory Committee and approved by the US Public Health Service, provides guidance to clinicians as to what the National Vaccine Advisory Committee considers optimal practice. Each of the 18 recommendations reflects the ideal; unfortunately, life in the trenches is less than ideal. Providers must reflect on each point and consider how they might modify their own practices to help us to realize the goal of Healthy People 2000, that is, 90% immunization coverage by the child's second birthday. The Standards are clear. They are reprinted herein from MMWR (April 23, 1993;42[5]). Following each is a response, sort of a reality check, from the author, a practicing clinician and practice administrator.
Circulating pancreatic cancer exosomal RNAs for detection of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Kitagawa Tatsuya , Taniuchi Keisuke , Tsuboi Makiko , Sakaguchi Masahiko , Kohsaki Takuhiro , Okabayashi Takehiro , Saibara Toshiji 
Published: October 2018

Diagnostic biomarkers for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer are needed to improve prognosis for this disease. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in the expression of four messenger RNAs (mRNAs: CCDC88A, ARF6, Vav3, and WASF2) and five small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs: SNORA14B, SNORA18, SNORA25, SNORA74A, and SNORD22) in serum of patients with pancreatic cancer and control participants for use in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Results were compared with the expression of sialylated Lewis (a) blood group antigen CA19‐9, the standard clinical tumor biomarker. Reverse transcription quantitative real‐time PCR showed that all of the mRNAs and snoRNAs, except CCDC88A, were encapsulated in exosomes and secreted from cultured pancreatic cancer cells, and present in cell culture medium. In a discovery‐stage clinical study involving 27 pancreatic cancer patients and 13 controls, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of two mRNAs (WASF2 and ARF6) and two snoRNAs (SNORA74A and SNORA25) was > 0.9 for distinguishing pancreatic cancer patients from controls; the AUC of CA19‐9 was 0.897. Comparing serum levels of WASF2, ARF6, SNORA74A, SNORA25, and CA19‐9 revealed that levels of WASF2 were the most highly correlated with the risk of pancreatic cancer. The AUCs of WASF2, ARF6, SNORA74A, and SNORA25 in serum from patients in the early stages of pancreatic cancer (stages 0, I, and IIA) were > 0.9, compared with an AUC of 0.93 for the level of CA19‐9. The results of this study suggest that WASF2, ARF6, SNORA74A, and SNORA25 may be useful tools for the early detection of pancreatic cancer. Monitoring serum levels of WASF2 mRNA may be particularly useful, as it was the most highly correlated with pancreatic cancer risk.
Prediction of the lighting energy‐saving effect by human detection control with an office worker agent model
Authors: Togashi Eisuke , Watanabe Ken‐ichi , Honma Mutsuo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe energy‐saving effect of lighting control in the absence of workers in an office is predicted by using simulations. We divided an office space into meshes and constructed an agent model of an office worker who move between meshes by using the A* algorithm. By examining many office worker models, we calculated the time a worker spent in each office's mesh. We controlled the lighting fixtures in this virtual office room based on human sensors. We quantitatively evaluated the influence of conditions such as the occupancy rate, retention time, fade‐out time, and minimum output rate on the lighting rate of the lighting fixtures.
Atmospheric‐Pressure Synthesis of 2D Nitrogen‐Rich Tungsten Nitride
Authors: Yu Huimin , Yang Xin , Xiao Xu , Chen Ming , Zhang Qinghua , Huang Liang , Wu Jiabing , Li Tianqi , Chen Shuangming , Song Li , Gu Lin , Xia Bao Yu , Feng Guang , Li Jia , Zhou Jun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract2D transition metal nitrides, especially nitrogen‐rich tungsten nitrides (WxNy, y > x), such as W3N4 and W2N3, have a great potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) since the catalytic activity is largely enhanced by the abundant WN bonding. However, the rational synthesis of 2D nitrogen‐rich tungsten nitrides is challenging due to the large formation energy of WN bonding. Herein, ultrathin 2D hexagonal‐W2N3 (h‐W2N3) flakes are synthesized at atmospheric pressure via a salt‐templated method. The formation energy of h‐W2N3 can be dramatically decreased owing to the strong interaction and domain matching epitaxy between KCl and h‐W2N3. 2D h‐W2N3 demonstrates an excellent catalytic activity for cathodic HER with an onset potential of −30.8 mV as well as an overpotential of −98.2 mV for 10 mA cm−2.
Efficient Charging of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries by Triboelectric Nanogenerator Based on Pulse Current
Authors: Yin Yingying , Zhang Xiuling , Du Xinyu , Zhou Tao , Li Nianwu , Xu Weihua , Li Congju 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe pulsed output current of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has been used to charge the secondary battery recently. For a robust TENG with constant impetus, the output current will keep steady unless the external load resistance is changed. Therefore, the difference of charging current reflects the different charging resistance of the battery. Herein, the lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is charged by robust stable scale‐like structured TENG (SL‐TENG), and the real‐time charging current is recorded. The charging current increases with the initial potential rise, reflecting the oxidation process of the precipitated Li2S and Li2S2 with poor conductivity. Then the charging current keeps almost no change in flat charge plateau, accompanying with the main production of S8
2−, S7
2−, S6
2−, and S5
2−. Finally it shows a steep drop when the potential exceeds 2.4 V, accompanying with the second oxidation stage of the main production of S8. Moreover, under SL‐TENG charging protocol, the capacity of Li–S battery increases obviously, and Li ions tend to deposit as large grain with smooth surface. SL‐TENG charging protocol is beneficial to improve the performance of Li–S battery, as well as helping to understand the charging mechanism to some extent.
Thin Copper Flakes for Conductive Inks Prepared by Decomposition of Copper Formate and Ultrafine Wet Milling
Authors: Rosen Yitzchak , Marrach Roy , Gutkin Vitaly , Magdassi Shlomo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFabrication of devices by printing conductive interconnections on plastic substrates is of growing interest. Currently, silver flakes are wildly used, however the high cost of silver prevents their wide use in many electrical devices. A new two‐step process for synthesizing thin copper flakes, and their utilization in conductive inks, is reported. In the first step, sub‐micrometer copper particles are formed by thermal decomposition and self‐reduction of copper formate. These copper particles are then milled in a wet bead mill that results in their transformation into thin flakes with an average thickness of 48 nm. X‐ray diffraction results indicate that the copper particles undergo plastic deformation in a mechanism similar to cold rolling. The effect of various process parameters and type of dispersing agents on the morphology and electrical performance is studied. The ink formulations result in printed patterns with 22% of bulk copper conductivity. The optimal ink is used to print functioning near field communication antennas on polyimide film, which is found to have a high bending durability.
Streaming Current Based Microtubular Enzymatic Sensor for Self‐Powered Detection of Urea
Authors: Yu Longteng , Shi Chen , Xi Wang , Yeo Joo Chuan , Soon Ren Hao , Chen Zhengkun , Song Peiyi , Lim Chwee Teck 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe emergence of microfluidic techniques coupled with flow‐induced electrification has advanced the development of innovative self‐powered sensors. However, selective detection of target substances using these sensors is extremely challenging, owing to the lack of recognition elements in the flow pathway. To overcome this, catalytic enzymes are immobilized on the microfluidic channel and the concentration of targets is measured via monitoring the streaming current. As an example, a urease equipped self‐powered microtubular sensor is developed to selectively detect urea, a physiologically and industrially important molecule. The urease catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ions, increasing the pH of the fluid, which serves as the basis of the sensing mechanism. Remarkably, high sensitivity, wide detection range, short response time, and superior selectivity are reported for urinary urea detection. The accuracy and reliability of sensing in artificial urine are validated with the standard spectrophotometric method. The microtubular sensor features facile fabrication and operation and circumvents the need for sophisticated peripherals, highlighting its enormous potential in chemical and biomedical applications, such as pollutant detection, food quality assessment, disease diagnosis, and point‐of‐care testing.
Simulation Assisted Nanoscale Imaging of Single Live Cells with Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Filice Fraser P. , Li Michelle S. M. , Ding Zhifeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNanoelectrodes have become an area of significant interest in recent years, which provide a number of advantages for imaging with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Since the resolution of SECM imaging is directly dependent on the size of the electrode probe, the reduced surface area of nanoelectrodes allows for the imaging of smaller sample features, or more localized electrochemical reactivity. Nanoelectrodes with a radius of 130 nm are employed to image the surface of single live cells. The use of nanoscale imaging, however, introduces additional complexity into the simulation modeling of the cell surface geometry and electrochemical reactivity. The creation of tailored simulation models accounting for these specific physical conditions is utilized to overcome the additional challenges to the characterization of the electrochemical system. Methodologies for the experimental mapping and creation of 3D simulation models of single live cells have been well developed, which are presented herein. These developments include characterization of cell surface topography, tip‐to‐cell distance, as well as cell membrane permeability quantification. The advanced quantification of the complex nanoscale imaging of single live cells assisted by theoretical simulations provides increased versatility to SECM as an already powerful bioanalytical tool.
Improved Rechargeability of Lithium Metal Anode via Controlling Lithium‐Ion Flux
Authors: Xiang Jingwei , Yuan Lixia , Shen Yue , Cheng Zexiao , Yuan Kai , Guo Zezhou , Zhang Yi , Chen Xin , Huang Yunhui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAmong all the possible anode materials for next‐generation rechargeable batteries, lithium (Li) metal stands out from the crowd for its high specific capacity and low redox potential. Unfortunately, the issues caused by Li dendrites limit the commercialization of the batteries based on Li metal anodes. Research in recent years has proved that the Li dendrites cannot be completely eliminated. Inspired by the Chinese legend, “King Yu Tamed the Flood,” the new strategy of combing dredge and block, to control the diversion of Li ions is proposed. Via Au modification on one side of the carbon fibers matrix (CFs@Au), selective deposition of Li ions on the back side of the current collector is successfully achieved. This is distant from the separator, and hence improves the safety effectively. As a result, the Coulombic efficiency of the CFs@Au–Li anode remains 99.2% throughout 400 cycles. What is more, the Li–S full cell paired with the composite anode also exhibits outstanding performance, even with limited Li. This backside‐deposition strategy provides new insight into safe Li metal anode design for high energy density battery systems such as Li–S and Li–O2.
Addressing the diagnostic gaps in pyruvate kinase deficiency: Consensus recommendations on the diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Bianchi Paola , Fermo Elisa , Glader Bertil , Kanno Hitoshi , Agarwal Archana , Barcellini Wilma , Eber Stefan , Hoyer James D. , Kuter David J. , Maia Tabita Magalhães , Mañu‐Pereira Maria del Mar , Kalfa Theodosia A. , Pissard Serge , Segovia José‐Carlos , van Beers Eduard , Gallagher Patrick G. , Rees David C. , van Wijk Richard ,   with the endorsement of EuroBloodNet, the European Reference Network in Rare Hematological Diseases
Published: October 2018

AbstractPyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is the most common enzyme defect of glycolysis and an important cause of hereditary, nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. The disease has a worldwide geographical distribution but there are no verified data regarding its frequency. Difficulties in the diagnostic workflow and interpretation of PK enzyme assay likely play a role. By the creation of a global PKD International Working Group in 2016, involving 24 experts from 20 Centers of Expertise we studied the current gaps in the diagnosis of PKD in order to establish diagnostic guidelines. By means of a detailed survey and subsequent discussions, multiple aspects of the diagnosis of PKD were evaluated and discussed by members of Expert Centers from Europe, USA, and Asia directly involved in diagnosis. Broad consensus was reached among the Centers on many clinical and technical aspects of the diagnosis of PKD. The results of this study are here presented as recommendations for the diagnosis of PKD and used to prepare a diagnostic algorithm. This information might be helpful for other Centers to deliver timely and appropriate diagnosis and to increase awareness in PKD.
Characterization of speech and language phenotype in children with NRXN1 deletions
Authors: Brignell Amanda , St John Miya , Boys Amber , Bruce Amanda , Dinale Carla , Pigdon Lauren , Hildebrand Michael S. , Amor David J. , Morgan Angela T. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNeurexin 1 gene (NRXN1) deletions are associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Communication difficulties have been reported, yet no study has examined specific speech and language features of individuals with NRXN1 deletions. Here, we characterized speech and language phenotypes in 21 children (14 families), aged 1.8–17 years, with NRXN1 deletions. Deletions ranged from 74 to 702 kb and consisted mostly of either exons 1–3 or 1–5. Speech sound disorders were frequent (69%), although few were severe. The majority (57%) of children had difficulty with receptive and/or expressive language, although no homogeneous profiles of deficit were seen across semantic, morphological, or grammatical systems. Social language difficulties were seen in over half the sample (53%). All but two individuals with language difficulties also had intellectual disability/developmental delay. Overall, while speech and language difficulties were common, there was substantial heterogeneity in the severity and type of difficulties observed and no striking communication phenotype was seen. Rather, the speech and language deficits are likely part of broader concomitant neurodevelopmental profiles (e.g., intellectual disability, social skill deficits). Nevertheless, given the high rate of affectedness, it is important speech/language development is assessed so interventions can be applied during childhood in a targeted and timely manner.
Tolerance strategies revealed in tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa; Paeoniaceae) ecotypes differentially adapted to desiccation
Authors: Guo Lili , Guo Dalong , Yin Weilun , Hou Xiaogai 
Published: October 2018

Premise of the StudyTree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa; Paeoniaceae) is well known for its ornamental value, edible oil, and medicinal properties. However, its growing area has been limited by drought that has been exacerbated by global climate change.MethodsGene expression profiles of a drought‐tolerant cultivar and a drought‐sensitive cultivar during dehydration and rehydration were investigated by transcriptome analysis. Expression patterns of unigenes related to drought and recovery response and unrelated to either cultivar were classified by hierarchical clustering and real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR).ResultsA total of 81,725 unigenes with a mean length of 762 nucleotides that may play roles in drought response were identified. Unigenes were characterized as being involved in lipid transport metabolism, proline metabolism, and photosynthesis. In addition, plant hormone signaling pathway genes were also characterized as potentially being involved in drought response. Expression patterns of the 20 drought‐responsive unigenes verified by qPCR showed a differential expression pattern under either the drought or recovery treatment.DiscussionThis is the first report to identify and verify unigenes of tree peonies with differing water sensitivity during dehydration and rehydration. This study offers a valuable resource for candidate genes involved in drought and provides insight into the breeding of drought‐resistant tree peony cultivars.
Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel rapamycin C‐28 containing triazole moiety compounds
Authors: Huang Qingwen , Xie Lijun , Chen Xiaoming , Yu Hui , Lv Yubing , Huang XueHui , Ying Jiayin , Zheng Congshen , Cheng Yuanrong , Huang Jie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRapamycin is an mTOR allosteric inhibitor with multiple functions such as immunosuppressive, anticancer, and lifespan prolonging activities. Its C‐43 semi‐synthetic derivatives temsirolimus and everolimus have been used as mTOR targeting anticancer drugs in the clinic. Following our previous research on antitumor rapalogs modified on the C‐43 position, 13 novel rapamycin triazole hybrids (6a–g, 7a–f) were designed and synthesized on the C‐28 position of rapamycin via Huisgen's reaction. Anticancer assays indicated that the targeted derivatives containing phenyl and 4‐methylphenyl groups showed an obvious raise in anticancer activity. On the contrary, the compounds with methoxyl, amine, and halogen groups on the benzene ring displayed lower anticancer activity. Compound 6c, as the most active compound, showed a stronger inhibition effect as compared with rapamycin for almost all of the tested cell lines (p < 0.01), except PC‐3. Meanwhile, the effect of 6c on inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells was more powerful than that of rapamycin. In addition, 6c inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream key kinases 4EBP1 and p70S6K1 in A549 cells, indicating that 6c also effectively inhibits the mTORC1 signaling pathway as rapamycin. On the basis of these findings, 6c may have the potential to be developed as a new mTOR inhibitor against specific cancers.
Surfactant‐driven Amphoteric Doping of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nonoguchi Yoshiyuki , Tani Atsushi , Murayama Tomoko , Uchida Hideki , Kawai Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAqueous surfactant dispersion is the most typical starting step to functionalize materials consisting of carbon nanotubes, but the effects of surfactants on the electronic properties are still unclear. Here we report how the functional groups of surfactants affect the electronic properties of carbon nanotube films. Using spectroscopic and thermoelectric characterization, we demonstrate that anionic and non‐ionic surfactants contribute to the formation of p‐type and n‐type carbon nanotubes, respectively. Additionally, p‐type doping with oxygen adsorption is found to compete with surfactants’ doping. These findings are useful for designing the srarting carbon nanotube materials exhibiting desirable electronic properties.