bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence that APP gene copy number changes reflect recombinant vector contamination
Authors: Kim Junho , Zhao Boxun , Huang August Yue , Miller Michael B. , Lodato Michael A. , Walsh Christopher A. , Lee Eunjung Alice 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMutations that occur in cells of the body, called somatic mutations, cause human diseases including cancer and some neurological disorders1. In a recent study published in Nature, Lee et al.2 (hereafter “the Lee study”) reported somatic copy number gains of the APP gene, a known risk locus of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), in the neurons of AD-patients and controls (69% vs 25% of neurons with at least one APP copy gain on average). The authors argue that the mechanism of these copy number gains was somatic integration of APP mRNA into the genome, creating what they called genomic cDNA (gencDNA). We reanalyzed the data from the Lee study, revealing evidence that APP gencDNA originates mainly from contamination by exogenous APP recombinant vectors, rather from true somatic retrotransposition of endogenous APP. Our reanalysis of two recent whole exome sequencing (WES) datasets—one by the authors of the Lee study3 and the other by Park et al.4—revealed that reads claimed to support APP gencDNA in AD samples resulted from contamination by PCR products and mRNA, respectively. Lastly, we present our own single-cell whole genome sequencing (scWGS) data that show no evidence for somatic APP retrotransposition in AD neurons or in neurons from normal individuals of various ages.
Putative protective neural mechanisms in pre-readers with a family history of dyslexia who subsequently develop typical reading skills
Authors: Yu Xi , Zuk Jennifer , Perdue Meaghan V. , Ozernov-Palchik Ola , Raney Talia , Beach Sara D. , Norton Elizabeth S. , Ou Yangming , Gabrieli John D. E. , Gaab Nadine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDevelopmental dyslexia is a learning disability characterized by difficulties in word reading. While the prevalence in the general public is around 10-12%, an increased prevalence of 40-60% has been reported for children with a familial risk. Neural atypicalities in the reading network have been observed in children with (FHD+) compared to without (FHD-) a family history of dyslexia, even before reading onset. Despite the hereditary risk, about half of FHD+ children develop typical reading abilities (FHD+Typical) but the underlying neural characteristics and the developmental trajectories of these favorable reading outcomes remain unknown. Utilizing a retrospective, longitudinal approach, this is the first study to examine whether potential protective neural mechanisms are present before reading onset in FHD+Typical. Functional and structural brain characteristics were examined in 69 pre-readers who subsequently developed typical reading abilities (35 FHD+Typical/34 FHD-Typical) using MRI/fMRI. Searchlight-based multivariate pattern analyses identified distinct activation patterns during phonological processing between FHD+Typical and FHD-Typical in right inferior frontal (RIFG) and left temporo-parietal (LTPC) regions. Hypoactivation in LTPC was further demonstrated in FHD+Typical compared to FHD-Typical, suggesting that this previously reported neural characteristic of dyslexia is primarily associated with familial risk. Importantly, FHD+Typical pre-readers exhibited higher activation in RIFG than FHD-Typical, which was associated with increased interhemispheric functional and structural connectivity. These results suggest that putative protective neural mechanisms are already established in FHD+Typical pre-readers and may therefore support their successful reading development. Further studies are needed to investigate the functional significance and developmental trajectories of these neural mechanisms as well as their enabling factors, which has the potential to inform the design of early preventative/remediation strategies.
Movement and performance predict widespread cortical activity in a visual detection task
Authors: Salkoff David B. , Zagha Edward , McCarthy Erin , McCormick David A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecent studies in mice reveal widespread cortical signals during task performance, however the various task-related and task-independent processes underlying this activity are incompletely understood. Here we recorded wide-field neural activity, as revealed by GCaMP6s, from dorsal cortex while simultaneously monitoring orofacial movements, walking, and arousal (pupil diameter) of head-fixed mice performing a Go/NoGo visual detection task and examined the ability of task performance and spontaneous or task-related movements to predict cortical activity. A linear model was able to explain a significant fraction (33-55% of variance) of widefield dorsal cortical activity, with the largest factors being movements (facial, walk, eye), response choice (hit, miss, false alarm), and arousal, and indicate that a significant fraction of trial-to-trial variability arises from both spontaneous and task-related changes in state (e.g. movements, arousal). Importantly, secondary motor cortex was highly correlated with lick rate, critical for optimal task performance (high d’), and was the first region to significantly predict the lick response on target trials. These findings suggest that secondary motor cortex is critically involved in the decision and performance of learned movements and indicate that a significant fraction of trial-to-trial variation in cortical activity results from spontaneous and task-related movements and variations in behavioral/arousal state.
Intercostal Space Prediction Using Deep Learning In Fully Endoscopic Mitral Valve Surgery
Authors: Margaryan Rafik , Latta Daniele Della , Bianchi Giacomo , Martini Nicola , Santini Gianmarco , Chiappino Dante , Solinas Marco 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveAbout 10 million people in Europe suffer from mitral valve incompetence. Majority of these entity is mitral valve prolapse in developed countries. Endoscopic mitral valve surgery is a relatively new procedure and preparation in the right intercostal space are crucial for success completion of the procedure. We aimed to explore clinical variables and chest X-rays in order to build most performant model that can predict the right intercostal space for thoracotomy.MethodsOverall 234 patients underwent fully endoscopic mitral valve surgery. All patients had preoperative two projection radiography. Intercostal space for right thoracotomy was decided by expert cardiac surgeons taking in consideration the height, weight, chest radiography, anatomical position of skin incision, nipple position and the sex. In order to predict the right intercostal space we have used clinical data and we have collected all radiographies and feed it to deep neural network algorithm. We have spitted the whole data-set into two subsets: training and testing data-sets. We have used clinical data and build an algorithm (Random Forest) in order to have reference model.ResultsThe best-performing classifier was GoogLeNet neural network (now on we will reffera as Deep Learning) and had an AUC of 0.956. Algorithm based on clinical data (Random Forest) had AUC of 0.529 using only chest x-rays. The deep leaning algorithm predicted correctly in all cases the correct intercostal space on the training datasest except two ladies (96.08% ; with sensitivity of 97.06% and specificity 94.12 %, where the Random Forest was capable to predict right intercostal space in 60.78% cases with sensitivity of 93.33% and specificity 14.29 % (only clinical data).ConclusionArtificial intelligence can be helpful to program the minimally invasive cardiac operation, for right intercostal space selection for thoracotomy, especially in non optimal thoraxes (example, obese short ladies). It learned from the standard imaging (thorax x-ray) which is easy, do routinely to every patient.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated to Non-Communicable Diseases in Khartoum State
Authors: Aabdin Sayed Samah Mohamed , Aabdin Ayman Mohamed , Alshykh Abo-Shanab Mohammed Altyb , Noma Mounkaila 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIntroductionNon-communicable diseases are multifactorial including genetic, physiological, environmental behavioral factors. Our research aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Non-communicable diseases in two administrative units of Khartoum State.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in two administrative units of Khartoum State on a sample of 132 participants selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Firstly, a stratified random sampling technique was used to select Alshohada/Soba out of the six administrative units of Khartoum locality (mode of living was urban). In Jabaal Awliya locality of four administrative units, Al Jabal (with urban and rural mode of living) was selected. At second level, 50 households were selected in each of the two administrative units through the geographical information system to obtain a representative spatial distribution of households in each of the administrative areas. At third level, in each of the household selected participants experiencing at least one NCD were included in the study after obtaining his/her verbal well informed consent. The data collected were computerized through Epi Info 7 and analyzed through SPSS 23. The data were firstly summarized numerically and graphically. Association among variables were determined through chi-square tests and ANOVA. A multi-logistic regression was conducted to estimate the risk factors associated to NCDs. All statistical tests were considered significant when p < 0.05.ResultsOur findings revealed that NCDs prevailed with an overall prevalence of 24/100,000 population. Of the fifteen risk factors associated to NCDs in the two administrative units, seven were statistically associated (p < 0.05) to NCDs.DiscussionIn our research the risk factors statistically associated with NCDs were age and gender of the participants, their profession, educational level, physical activities, follow-up visits and having meals outside home. In conclusion NCDs were public health priorities with particular attention to diabetes and hypertension to avoid premature deaths.
Simulation of revised nanofluid model in the stagnation region of cross fluid by expanding-contracting cylinder
Authors: Waqas Muhammad 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to address stagnation point flow of cross nanofluid in frames of hydromagnetics. Flow analysis subjected to expanding-contracting cylinder is studied.

Design/methodology/approach
Nonlinear problems are computed by using bvp4c procedure.

Findings
Radius of curvature and temperature-dependent heat sink-source significantly affects heat-mass transport mechanisms for cylindrical surface.

Originality/value
No such analysis has yet been reported.
Torque control based direct teaching for industrial robot considering temperature-load effects on joint friction
Authors: Gao Liming , Yuan Jianjun , Qian Yingjie 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to design a practical direct teaching method for the industrial robot with large friction resistance and gravity torque but without expensive force/torque sensor, where the gravity torque is just a function of joints position, whereas the friction is closely associated with joint velocity, temperature and load.

Design/methodology/approach
In the teaching method, the output torque of joint motor is controlled through current to compensate gravity torque completely and friction resistance incompletely. Three variables closely associated with friction are investigated separately by experiment and theoretical analysis, and then a comprehensive friction model which is used to calculate the required compensated friction torque is proposed. Finally, a SIASUN 7 degrees of freedom robot was used to verify the model and the method.

Findings
Experimental results demonstrated that the teaching method enables an operator to teach the robot in joint space by applying small force and torque on either end-effector or its body. The friction investigation suggests that the velocity and temperature have a strong nonlinear influence on viscous friction, whereas load torque significantly influences the Coulomb friction linearly and causes a slight Stribeck effect.

Originality/value
The main contribution includes the following: a practical joint space direct teaching method for a common industrial robot is developed, and a friction model capturing velocity, temperature and load for robot joints equipped with commercialized motors and harmonic drives is proposed.
Multimarket competition and innovation in industrial markets: Spain and Colombia in comparative perspective
Authors: Cabanelas Pablo , Manfredi Luciana C. , González-Sánchez Juan M. , Lampón Jesús F. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeMultimarket competition is an area of competitive dynamics focused on studying situations where firms compete against each other simultaneously in more than one market. The intensity of competition depends on the aggressiveness and the market contingencies, influencing the competitive strategies. Particularly, the purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of multimarket competition and market contingencies on innovation.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory qualitative approach using the Grounded Theory is applied with conceptual purposes. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews and additional observations with senior strategies and decision-makers. The paper follows an extensive narrative to understand decision-taking processes on competitive strategy with the support of analytical software. The paper was performed in the automotive components industry making seats in two different countries to acknowledge the influence of market contingencies.FindingsThe results suggest that multimarket competition does not reduce the level of aggressiveness, but it offers a background that favors opportunities for companies and new business in circumstances of crisis associated to innovation. Depending on the market contingencies, strategies can foster a higher technological innovation, in those cases of high development in the industry, or diversification, when the development is lower.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to enrich multimarket competition theory with the study of innovation strategies in different market conditions, a topic not much explored in multimarket literature. Additionally, it suggests implications for managers attending to different market contingencies.
The macroeconomic drivers of stock market development: evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Ho Sin-Yu , Odhiambo Nicholas M. 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the macroeconomic drivers of stock market development in Hong Kong during the period 1992Q4-2016Q3. Specifically, it investigates the impact of banking sector development, economic growth, inflation rate, exchange rate, trade openness and stock market liquidity on stock market development.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses quarterly time-series data covering the period 1992Q4-2016Q3, which have been obtained from various reliable sources. The study uses the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing procedure to identify both the long- and short-run macroeconomic drivers of stock market development in Hong Kong.FindingsWe find that banking sector development and economic growth have positive impacts on stock market development, whereas the inflation rate and the exchange rate have negative impacts on stock market development both in the long and short run. In addition, the results show that trade openness has a positive long-run impact but a negative short-run impact on stock market development.Originality/valueDespite the phenomenal growth of stock market in Hong Kong, there are, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no relevant studies on the macroeconomic drivers of stock market development in Hong Kong. Therefore, this paper endeavours to enrich the literature by examining the macroeconomic drivers of stock market development in Hong Kong during the period 1992Q4-2016Q3.
State of art review on sustainable additive manufacturing
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , S. Vinodh 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the state of art review on sustainable additive manufacturing (AM).

Design/methodology/approach
AM processes are becoming environmentally conscious and sustainable. In total, 63 papers are being collected from peer-reviewed journal sources. The review is presented on triple bottom line sustainable aspects, namely, environment, economy and society.

Findings
In the environmental dimension, papers on energy consumption, design optimization and life cycle assessment aspects are being collected and presented. The key inferences and insights are being derived from the mentioned perspectives and a framework for sustainable AM is proposed.

Research limitations/implications
The review is limited to journal articles from the study on sustainable AM. Book chapters are being excluded.

Practical implications
The study also discussed various perspectives of sustainable AM and provided insights on sustainable AM to practitioners.

Originality/value
Systematic review on sustainable additive manufacturing is the original contribution of the authors.
Urban areas affect flight altitudes of nocturnally migrating birds
Authors: Cabrera‐Cruz Sergio A. , Smolinsky Jaclyn A. , McCarthy Kyle P. , Buler Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Urban areas affect terrestrial ecological processes and local weather, but we know little about their effect on aerial ecological processes.

Here, we identify urban from non‐urban areas based on the intensity of artificial light at night (ALAN) in the landscape, and, along with weather covariates, evaluate the effect of urbanization on flight altitudes of nocturnally migrating birds.

Birds are attracted to ALAN; hence, we predicted that altitudes would be lower over urban than over non‐urban areas. However, other factors associated with urbanization may also affect flight altitudes. For example, surface temperature and terrain roughness are higher in urban areas, increasing air turbulence and height of the boundary layer, and affecting local winds.

We used data from nine weather surveillance radars in the eastern United States to estimate altitudes at five quantiles of the vertical distribution of birds migrating at night over urban and non‐urban areas during five consecutive spring and autumn migration seasons. We fit Generalized Linear Mixed Models by season for each of the five quantiles of bird flight altitude and their differences between urban and non‐urban areas.

After controlling for other environmental variables and contrary to our prediction, we found that birds generally fly higher over urban areas compared to rural areas in spring, and marginally higher at the mid‐layers of the vertical distribution in autumn. We also identified a small interaction effect between urbanization and crosswind speed, and between urbanization and surface air temperature, on flight altitudes. We also found that the difference in flight altitudes of nocturnally migrating birds between urban and non‐urban areas varied among radars and seasons, but was consistently higher over urban areas throughout the years sampled.

Our results suggest that the effects of urbanization on wildlife extend into the aerosphere and are complex, stressing the need of understanding the influence of anthropogenic factors on airspace habitat.
The impact of individual inaccuracy of reciprocal herkogamy on legitimate pollen deposition and seed set in a distylous self‐incompatible herb
Authors: Brys Rein , Jacquemyn Hans 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Heterostyly is a floral polymorphism that has been observed in at least 28 different plant families across the globe. Heterostyly is characterized by reciprocal arrangement of the anthers and stigmas and the presence of a heteromorphic self‐incompatibility system, which together have been hypothesized to promote cross pollination and to avoid interference of self‐pollen and the deleterious effects of inbreeding.

Recent analyses have shown that the reciprocal positioning of the sexual organs in heterostylous plant species is not always perfect. Inaccuracies in the positioning of styles and anthers within populations are expected to affect both male and female fitness of plants by disturbing pollen uptake and stigmatic deposition by insects. However, at present, little is known about how inaccuracies in the reciprocal positioning of the sexual organs affect stigmatic pollen deposition and subsequent seed set in heterostylous plant species.

In this study, we quantified the level of reciprocity in a grassland and forest population of the distylous herb Primula veris and tested the hypothesis that inaccuracies in the positioning of the sexual organs were related to stigmatic deposition of pollen by insects and ultimately seed set in the field.

Total inaccuracy in reciprocal positioning of the sexual organs was about four times larger in the forest population than in the grassland population (20.67 and 5.47 respectively). Individual inaccuracies in stigma positioning varied between 0.02 and 67.93 (L‐morph) and 0.03 and 45.34 (S‐morph) in the forest population, and between 0.00 and 13.19 (L‐morph) and 0.00 and 26.15 (S‐morph) in the grassland population.

Legitimate pollen deposition decreased significantly with increasing inaccuracy, both in the grassland and forest population, but effects were most pronounced in the forest population. In both populations, short‐styled individuals suffered larger reductions in legitimate pollen deposition with increasing inaccuracies than long‐styled individuals. Seed set was significantly and positively affected by the number of legitimate pollen and decreased significantly with increasing inaccuracy, especially in the forest population where inaccuracies were most pronounced.

Synthesis. Overall, these results indicate that deviations from perfect reciprocity significantly affect the reproductive success of heterostylous plants by diminishing legitimate stigmatic pollen deposition and concurrently reducing seed set. As a result of their lower fitness, maladaptive genotypes should be selected against in natural populations, leading to the maintenance of floral polymorphisms in general and the heterostylous syndrome in particular.
The anticholinergic drug oxybutynin inhibits voltage‐dependent K+ channels in coronary arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Li Hongliang , Seo Mi Seon , An Jin Ryeol , Jung Hee Seok , Ha Kwon‐Soo , Han Eun‐Taek , Hong Seok‐Ho , Bae Young Min , Ryu Dong Ryeol , Park Won Sun 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis study demonstrates the inhibitory effect of anticholinergic drug oxybutynin on voltage‐dependent K+ (Kv) channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Oxybutynin inhibited vascular Kv channels in a concentration‐dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 11.51 ± 0.38 μmol/L and a Hill coefficient (n) of 2.25 ± 0.12. Application of oxybutynin shifted the activation curve to the right and the inactivation curve to the left. Pretreatment with the Kv1.5 subtype inhibitor DPO‐1 and the Kv2.1 subtype inhibitor guangxitoxin suppressed the oxybutynin‐induced inhibition of the Kv current. However, application of the Kv7 subtype inhibitor linopirdine did not affect the inhibition by oxybutynin of the Kv current. The anticholinergic drug atropine did not inhibit the Kv current nor influence oxybutynin‐induced inhibition of the Kv current. From these results, we concluded that oxybutynin inhibited the vascular Kv current in a concentration‐dependent manner by influencing the steady‐state activation and inactivation curves independent of its anticholinergic effect.