bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of weight stigma in parental weight talk
Authors: Pudney Ellen V. , Himmelstein Mary S. , Puhl Rebecca M. 
Published: May 2019

SummaryBackgroundMany parents engage in “weight talk” with their child, such as encouraging their child to lose weight or making comments about their own weight or others' weight. What parents say to their children about weight can affect children's well‐being, yet little is known about parental characteristics that may be at play regarding this common practice.ObjectivesThis study examined the role of weight stigma in parental weight talk, and whether internalized weight bias mediates the relationship between parents' experiences of weight stigma and weight‐based conversations and comments.MethodsA sample of 453 parents (Mage = 35.07) with children 2 to 17 years old (Mage = 8.76) completed surveys measuring parental experiences with weight stigma, weight bias internalization, and frequency of different types of parental weight talk. Mediations were tested via the PROCESS macro.ResultsIndependent of controls (parent BMI, child BMI percentile, parent and child sex, parent and child age, race, income, and education), experienced weight stigma was indirectly associated with greater frequency of weight‐based conversations (β = .08) and comments about oneself (β = .08) and others (β = .04) via parents' internalized weight bias.ConclusionsThese findings offer novel insights for understanding parental weight talk and can inform pediatric providers working with families on weight‐related issues.
The role of evidence in consumer choice of non-prescription medicines
Authors: Bevan Marc , Ng Yee Ching , Cooper Joyce , Robertson Jane , Walkom Emily , Chiu Simon , Newby David A 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To identify factors influencing Australian consumer decision-making and attitudes towards non-prescription medicine (NPM) purchases, pharmacy's role in providing these medications and views around sources of evidence for effectiveness of these products.

Methods
Cross-sectional survey of a general population sample of 1731 adults using an Australian online consumer panel stratified by gender, age and location (State/Territory). Beliefs about NPM purchases and evidence of their efficacy were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale (strongly disagree-strongly agree). Non-parametric measures (Ridit analysis and Mann–Whitney U-test) were used to explore associations between responses and previous experience with medicines.

Key findings
The most important factors when purchasing NPMs were effectiveness and safety. However, personal experience was the most common method of determining effectiveness. Most respondents believed buying NPMs in pharmacies gave access to advice, but were less likely to agree that pharmacies were associated with safe and effective treatments. Around half the respondents agreed that it is wrong to sell treatments lacking scientific evidence; many also agreed that it is up to consumers to decide what they want even without scientific evidence. Individuals experiencing an ineffective NPM were less likely to trust scientific evidence of efficacy as the sole source of effectiveness information; regular prescription medicine users often agreed that scientific evidence is needed to support effectiveness.

Conclusions
Consumers have conflicting views regarding the need for scientific evidence and the desire for patient autonomy in NPM purchases. This presents a challenge for pharmacists wishing to maintain professional obligations to provide evidence-based treatments to consumers.
Updated taxonomic list and conservation status of chondrichthyans from the exclusive economic zone of Venezuela, with first generic and specific records
Authors: Ehemann Nicolás R. , González‐González Lorem D. V. , Tagliafico Alejandro , Weigmann Simon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUsing the last taxonomic review of chondrichthyans of the world, we selected the species distributed in the north‐western Atlantic Ocean (NWA) and compared it with the available published literature related to the class Chondrichthyes in the Venezuelan exclusive economic zone. We also revised information from worldwide databases such as: FAO (NWA‐31 area), GBIF, iSpecies, IUCN and OBIS, as well as available museum collection databases. The taxonomic validity was checked using the Catalogue of Fishes of the California Academy of Sciences and recent references. The past published Venezuelan lists of chondrichthyans combined included nine orders, 30 families and 108 species. The updated list with 12 orders, 36 families and 122 species increased by three new orders, six families, three shark genera, nine shark species (one replacing another species), one chimaera genus, two chimaera species, three batoid genera and six batoid species (two replacing other species). Four holotype specimens (two sharks and two rays) are deposited in Venezuelan Museums. Most of the species have an IUCN conservation status, including four species catalogued as Critically Endangered, six as Endangered and 18 species as Vulnerable. Deep‐sea fisheries, scientific exploration and taxonomic/genetic revisions might add future increments to the Venezuelan chondrichthyan list.
Fruit of the forest ‐ larval sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus are fuelled by allochthonous resources
Authors: Hayden Brian , Ferron Myriam , Cunjak Richard A. , Samways Kurt 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe used stable isotopes of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen to quantify the trophic position and resource use of larval sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, four benthic macroinvertebrate functional feeding guilds (scraper, shredder, collector and predator) and other fishes in three rivers in eastern Canada. Larval lamprey and most invertebrate guilds foraged as primary consumers in all rivers whereas all other fishes predominantly foraged as secondary consumers. Larval lamprey obtained 75–85% of their resources from allochthonous derived material. This level exceeded all invertebrate guilds, which assimilated approximately 50% allochthonous and 50% autochthonous materials and fishes, which predominantly assimilated between 25% and 60% allochthonous material. Larval lamprey occupied a unique position within the river food webs analysed and show remarkable fidelity to a trophic niche specialising on terrestrially derived detritus.
MTNR1B loss promotes chordoma recurrence by abrogating melatonin‐mediated β‐catenin signaling repression
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Tingting , Yang Xiaoming , Xu Caixia , Liao Zhiheng , Wang Xudong , Su Deying , Li Yongyong , Zhou Hang , Qiu Xianjian , Chen Yuyu , Huang Dongsheng , Lian Chengjie , Su Peiqiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractChordoma is an extremely rare malignant bone tumor with a high rate of relapse. While cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely associated with tumor recurrence, which depend on its capacity to self‐renew and induce chemo‐/radioresistance, whether and how CSCs participate in chordoma recurrence remains unclear. The current study found that tumor cells in recurrent chordoma displayed more dedifferentiated CSC‐like properties than those in corresponding primary tumor tissues. Meanwhile, MTNR1B deletion along with melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) down‐regulation was observed in recurrent chordoma. Further investigation revealed that activation of Gαi2 by MTNR1B upon melatonin stimulation could inhibit SRC kinase activity via recruiting CSK and SRC, increasing SRC Y530 phosphorylation, and decreasing SRC Y419 phosphorylation. This subsequently suppressed β‐catenin signaling and stemness via decreasing β‐catenin p‐Y86/Y333/Y654. However, MTNR1B loss in chordoma mediated increased CSC properties, chemoresistance, and tumor progression by releasing melatonin's repression of β‐catenin signaling. Clinically, MTNR1B deletion was found to correlate with patients’ survival. Together, our study establishes a novel convergence between melatonin and β‐catenin signaling pathways and reveals the significance of this cross talk in chordoma recurrence. Besides, we propose that MTNR1B is a potential biomarker for prediction of chordoma prognosis and selection of treatment options, and chordoma patients might benefit from targeting MTNR1B/Gαi2/SRC/β‐catenin axis.
B.A.R.C.O.S. (Brazilian Argentine Hepatitis C Collaborative Observational Study): Effectiveness and clinical outcomes of HCV treatment with daclatasvir and sofosbuvir with or without ribavirin
Authors: Ridruejo Ezequiel , Cheinquer Hugo , Marciano Sebastián , Mendizabal Manuel , Piñero Federico , Wolff Fernando H. , de Araujo Alexandre , Coelho Borges Silvia , Kliemann Dimas , Fleck Alfeu , de Maman Ítalo , Nader Lysandro A. , Garrastazul Patricia , Bermúdez Carla , Haddad Leila , Gadano Adrián , Silva Marcelo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReal‐world data evaluating the effectiveness of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment have been reported from different regions. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical outcomes of daclatasvir (DCV) and sofosbuvir (SOF) ± ribavirin (RBV) in a prospective multicentre cohort study including patients from Argentina and Brazil who received DCV/SOF ± RBV for 12 or 24 weeks from 2015 to 2018. Multivariable logistic regression models were carried out to identify factors associated with failure to achieve sustained virologic response (SVR) as a primary end point, and to death, decompensation, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver transplantation (LT) as a composite secondary end point. From a total of 1517 patients treated with DCV/SOF, 906 completed 12 weeks post‐treatment evaluation and were included in the analysis. Overall SVR12 rate was 96.1% (95% CI: 94.6%‐97.2%), and 95% (95% CI: 92.8%‐96.6%) in patients with cirrhosis. LT recipients and presence of cirrhosis were independently associated with failure to achieve SVR. During post‐SVR12 follow‐up, cumulative incidence of the secondary end point was 2.4% (95% CI: 1.5%‐3.6%); two patients died from nonliver‐related causes and two from HCC, five underwent LT, 12 developed HCC and 17 patients developed hepatic decompensation. Independent variables associated with these composite secondary end points were prior to HCV treatment and presence of cirrhosis. In conclusion, although the high pangenotypic effectiveness of DCV/SOF ± RBV was confirmed in our real‐life cohort, patients with compensated and decompensated cirrhosis showed higher risk of non‐SVR and complication appearance during treatment or after achieving SVR.
Relationship between early‐life nutrition and ages at menarche and first pregnancy, and childbirth rates of young adults: Evidence from APCAPS in India
Authors: Nandi Arindam , Behrman Jere R. , Black Maureen M. , Kinra Sanjay , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIndia's Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) provides daily supplementary nutrition and other public health services to women and children. We estimated associations between exposure to early‐childhood ICDS nutrition and adult reproductive outcomes. During 1987–1990, a balanced protein–calorie supplement called “upma”—made from locally available corn–soya ingredients—was rolled out by subdistricts near Hyderabad and offered to pregnant women and children under age 6 years. In a controlled trial, 15 villages received the supplement and 14 did not. We used data from a 2010–2012 resurvey of adults born during the trial (n = 715 in intervention and n = 645 in control arms). We used propensity score matching methods to estimate the associations between birth in an intervention village and menarcheal age, age at first pregnancy, and fertility of adults. We found that women born in the intervention group during the trial, as compared with the control group, had menarche 0.45 (95% confidence interval [CI: 0.22, 0.68]; p < .001) years later and first pregnancy 0.53 (95% CI [0.04, 1.02]; p < .05) years later. Married women from the intervention group had menarche 0.36 (95% CI [0.09, 0.64]; p < .01) years later, first cohabitation with partner 0.8 (95% CI [0.27, 1.33]; p < .01) years later, and first pregnancy 0.53 (95% CI [0.04, 1.02]; p < .05) years later than married women in the control group. There was no significant difference between intervention and control group women regarding whether they had at least one childbirth or the total number of children born. The findings were similar when we employed inverse propensity score weighted regression models.
Cardiac rehabilitation program and health literacy levels: A cross‐sectional, descriptive study
Authors: Machado Bárbara , Fernandes Ana , Cruzeiro Susana , Jesus Rui , Araújo Nuno , Araújo Isabel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn Portugal, cardiovascular diseases stand out among the main causes of morbidity, disability, and mortality, with an expectation of growth up to the year 2025. A descriptive, exploratory study was carried out with patients in a cardiac rehabilitation program from an institution in the northern region of Portugal; 103 participants were randomly selected for the study. The data collection took place from February to April 2017. The majority of respondents presented a low level of literacy (inadequate and problematic). The profiles of the participants were characterized by the predominance of married males, with a mean age of 69 years. The participants considered doctors and nurses as the professionals who contribute the most to the increase of their health literacy. These health professionals have the opportunity and the responsibility to increase the health literacy levels of patients. It is known that low levels of health literacy are a problem throughout the European Union. Portugal's general population reflects this reality, and this study contributed to the conclusion that cardiac rehabilitation patients also present worrying levels of health literacy.
Tracing the Gender Gap in Political Interest Over the Life Span: A Panel Analysis
Authors: Fraile Marta , Sánchez‐Vítores Irene 
Published: May 2019

Despite recent advances in gender equality in political representation and the availability of resources, this article shows that there is a persistent gender gap in declared political interest over the life cycle. Using evidence from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), we track the gender gap through the life span of citizens. At age 15, there is already a substantial gender gap of 20 percentage points in the probability of respondents reporting being politically interested, pointing to gendered socialization processes as the key explanation for such differences. In the following 10 years, as people develop into adults and unravel their political orientations, the extent of the gender gap continues to grow by about 10 additional percentage points. Following these formative years, attitudes crystallize and so does the gender gap, remaining at the same size (around 30 percentage points of difference between women and men) over the life course. These findings suggest that the development of gender roles during early childhood is a crucial phase in the source of the gender gap, deserving further attention from scholars.
Role of Vessel Microstructure in the Longevity of End-to-Side Grafts
Authors: Ramezanpour Mehdi , Rikhtegar Nezami Farhad , Ramezanpour Nahid , Kabinejadian Foad , Maerefat Mehdi , Holzapfel Gerhard A. , Bull Joseph L. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Compliance mismatch between the graft and the host artery of an end-to-side (ETS) arterial bypass graft anastomosis increases the intramural stress in the ETS graft–artery junction, and thus may compromise its long-term patency. The present study takes into account the effects of collagen fibers to demonstrate how their orientations alter the stresses. The stresses in an ETS bypass graft anastomosis, as a man-made bifurcation, are compared to those of its natural counterpart with different fiber orientations. Both of the ETS bypass graft anastomosis and its natural counterpart have identical geometric and material models and only their collagen fiber orientations are different. The results indicate that the fiber orientation mismatch between the graft and the host artery may increase the stresses at both the heel and toe regions of the ETS anastomosis (the maximum principal stress at the heel and toe regions increased by 72% and 12%, respectively). Our observations, thus, propose that the mismatch between the collagen fiber orientations of the graft and the host artery, independent of the effect of the suture line, may induce aberrant stresses to the anastomosis of the bypass graft.
Hydration Marker Diagnostic Accuracy to Identify Mild Intracellular and Extracellular Dehydration
Authors: Owen Julian A. , Fortes Matthew B. , Ur Rahman Saeed , Jibani Mahdi , Walsh Neil P. , Oliver Samuel J. 
Published: May 2019

Identifying mild dehydration (≤2% of body mass) is important to prevent the negative effects of more severe dehydration on human health and performance. It is unknown whether a single hydration marker can identify both mild intracellular dehydration (ID) and extracellular dehydration (ED) with adequate diagnostic accuracy (≥0.7 receiver-operating characteristic–area under the curve [ROC-AUC]). Thus, in 15 young healthy men, the authors determined the diagnostic accuracy of 15 hydration markers after three randomized 48-hr trials; euhydration (water 36 ml·kg−1·day−1), ID caused by exercise and 48 hr of fluid restriction (water 2 ml·kg−1·day−1), and ED caused by a 4-hr diuretic-induced diuresis begun at 44 hr (Furosemide 0.65 mg/kg). Body mass was maintained on euhydration, and dehydration was mild on ID and ED (1.9% [0.5%] and 2.0% [0.3%] of body mass, respectively). Urine color, urine specific gravity, plasma osmolality, saliva flow rate, saliva osmolality, heart rate variability, and dry mouth identified ID (ROC-AUC; range 0.70–0.99), and postural heart rate change identified ED (ROC-AUC 0.82). Thirst 0–9 scale (ROC-AUC 0.97 and 0.78 for ID and ED) and urine osmolality (ROC-AUC 0.99 and 0.81 for ID and ED) identified both dehydration types. However, only the thirst 0–9 scale had a common dehydration threshold (≥4; sensitivity and specificity of 100%; 87% and 71%, 87% for ID and ED). In conclusion, using a common dehydration threshold ≥4, the thirst 0–9 scale identified mild intracellular and ED with adequate diagnostic accuracy. In young healthy adults’, thirst 0–9 scale is a valid and practical dehydration screening tool.
Estimated Sweat Loss, Fluid and Carbohydrate Intake, and Sodium Balance of Male Major Junior, AHL, and NHL Players During On-Ice Practices
Authors: Gamble Alexander S.D. , Bigg Jessica L. , Vermeulen Tyler F. , Boville Stephanie M. , Eskedjian Greg S. , Jannas-Vela Sebastian , Whitfield Jamie , Palmer Matthew S. , Spriet Lawrence L. 
Published: May 2019

Several previous studies have reported performance decrements in team sport athletes who dehydrated approximately 1.5–2% of their body mass (BM) through sweating. This study measured on-ice sweat loss, fluid intake, sodium balance, and carbohydrate (CHO) intake of 77 major junior (JR; 19 ± 1 years), 60 American Hockey League (AHL; 24 ± 4 years), and 77 National Hockey League (NHL; 27 ± 5 years) players. Sweat loss was calculated from pre- to post-exercise BM plus fluid intake minus urine loss. AHL (2.03 ± 0.62 L/hr) and NHL (2.02 ± 0.74 L/hr) players had higher sweat rates (p < .05) than JR players (1.63 ± 0.58 L/hr). AHL (1.23 ± 0.69%; p = .006) and NHL (1.29% ± 0.63%; p < .001) players had ∼30% greater BM losses than JR players (0.89% ± 0.57%). There was no difference in fluid intake between groups (p > .05). Sodium deficits (sodium loss − intake) were greater (p < .05) in AHL (1.68 ± 0.74 g/hr) and NHL (1.56 ± 0.84 g/hr) players compared with JR players (1.01 ± 0.50 g/hr). CHO intake was similar between groups (14–20 g CHO/hr), with 29%, 32%, and 40% of JR, AHL, and NHL players consuming no CHO, respectively. In summary, sweat rates were high in all players, but the majority of players (74/77, 54/60, and 68/77 of JR, AHL, and NHL, respectively) avoided mild dehydration (>2% BM) during 60 min of practice. However, ∼15%, 41%, and 48% of the JR, AHL, and NHL players, respectively, may have reached mild dehydration and increased risk of performance decrements in a 90-min practice.
Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Pristine and Used Headgear for Girls’ Lacrosse
Authors: Kelshaw Patricia M. , Gould Trenton E. , Jesunathadas Mark , Cortes Nelson , Caswell Amanda , Edwards Elizabeth D. , Caswell Shane V. 
Published: May 2019

Girls’ lacrosse participation and head injury rates have increased within the past decade. In response, optional headgear was implemented following the recently developed ASTM International lacrosse headgear performance standards. It remains unknown how lacrosse headgear responds to blunt impacts after use. Our purpose was to compare the peak linear acceleration between girls’ lacrosse headgear conditions (pristine and used) during blunt impacts. Pristine headgear (n = 10) were tested in their original condition and used headgear (n = 10) were worn for an entire competitive season. A Cadex Monorail Impactor impacted all headgear following ASTM standards (F1446-15b, F2220-15, and F3137-15) in the required testing locations. A 2 × 7 repeated-measures analysis of variance compared peak linear acceleration among headgear conditions and impact locations with a simple effects analysis planned comparison. There was no difference between headgear conditions for peak linear acceleration (pristine: 47.12 [13.92] g; used: 46.62 [14.84] g; F = 2.11, P > .05). A main effect for impact location (F = 983.52, P < .01), and an interaction effect of condition and impact location (F = 12.79, P < .01) were observed. All headgear, regardless of condition, met the ASTM performance standard. This suggests that headgear performance may not degrade subsequent to a single season of high school girls’ lacrosse.
Shift Work, Chronotype, and Melatonin Rhythm in Nurses
Authors: Razavi Pedram , Devore Elizabeth E. , Bajaj Archna , Lockley Steven W. , Figueiro Mariana G. , Ricchiuti Vincent , Gauderman W. James , Hankinson Susan E. , Willett Walter C. , Schernhammer Eva S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground:Previous studies associated night-shift work with melatonin disruption, with mixed evidence regarding the modulating effects of chronotype (i.e., diurnal preference).Methods:One hundred and thirty active nurses (84 rotating-shift and 46 day-shift workers) in the Nurses' Health Study II wore a head-mounted light meter and collected spontaneous urine voids over 3 days. 6-Sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), the major urinary metabolite of melatonin, was assessed.Results:Rotating-shift workers on night shifts had more light exposure and lower urinary melatonin levels during the night, and urinary melatonin rhythms with smaller peaks [11.81 ng/mg-creatinine/h, 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.49–14.71 vs. 14.83 ng/mg-creatinine/h, 95% CI, 11.72–18.75] and later peak onset (5.71 hours, 95% CI, 4.76–6.85 vs. 4.10 hours, 95% CI, 3.37–4.99), compared with day-shift workers. Furthermore, evening chronotypes' melatonin rhythms had later peak onset compared with morning types (4.90 hours, 95% CI, 3.94–6.09 vs. 3.64 hours, 95% CI, 2.99–4.43). However, among day-shift workers, morning chronotypes had melatonin rhythms with greater mean levels, larger peaks, and earlier peak onset compared with evening chronotypes; patterns were similar comparing evening versus morning chronotypes among rotating-shift workers on night shifts. The interaction of rotating-shift work and chronotype was significant across all parameters (P &lt; 0.05).Conclusions:As expected, rotating-shift workers on night shifts had greater light exposure and lower urinary melatonin levels during the night compared with day-shift workers. Intriguingly, melatonin rhythms were dependent on both chronotype and rotating-shift work type, and better alignment of rotating-shift work and chronotype appeared to produce less disrupted melatonin rhythms.Impact:The joint effects of shift-work type and chronotype require attention in future studies.