bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing Design Optimization for Uncertainty Reduction in Generating Off-Road Mobility Map Using a Bayesian Approach
Authors: Hu Zhen , Mourelatos Zissimos P. , Gorsich David , Jayakumar Paramsothy , Majcher Monica 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Next Generation NATO Reference Mobility Model (NG-NRMM) plays a vital role in vehicle mobility prediction and mission planning. The complicated vehicle–terrain interactions and the presence of heterogeneous uncertainty sources in the modeling and simulation (M&S) result in epistemic uncertainty/errors in the vehicle mobility prediction for given terrain and soil conditions. In this paper, the uncertainty sources that cause the uncertainty in mobility prediction are first partitioned into two levels, namely uncertainty in the M&S and uncertainty in terrain and soil maps. With a focus on the epistemic uncertainty in the M&S, this paper presents a testing design optimization framework to effectively reduce the uncertainty in the M&S and thus increase the confidence in generating off-road mobility maps. A Bayesian updating approach is developed to reduce the epistemic uncertainty/errors in the M&S using mobility testing data collected under controllable terrain and soil conditions. The updated models are then employed to generate the off-road mobility maps for any given terrain and soil maps. Two types of design strategies, namely testing design for model selection and testing design for uncertainty reduction, are investigated in the testing design framework to maximize the information gain subject to limited resources. Results of a numerical example demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mobility testing design optimization framework.
A Fast-Converging Ensemble Infilling Approach Balancing Global Exploration and Local Exploitation: The Go-Inspired Hybrid Infilling Strategy
Authors: Lv Liye , Shi Maolin , Song Xueguan , Sun Wei , Zhang Jie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInfilling strategies have been proposed for decades and are widely used in engineering problems. It is still challenging to achieve an effective trade-off between global exploration and local exploitation. In this paper, a novel decision-making infilling strategy named the Go-inspired hybrid infilling (Go-HI) strategy is proposed. The Go-HI strategy combines multiple individual infilling strategies, such as the mean square error (MSE), expected improvement (EI), and probability of improvement (PoI) strategies. The Go-HI strategy consists of two major parts. In the first part, a tree-like structure consisting of several subtrees is built. In the second part, the decision value for each subtree is calculated using a cross-validation (CV)-based criterion. Key factors that significantly influence the performance of the Go-HI strategy, such as the number of component infilling strategies and the tree depth, are explored. Go-HI strategies with different component strategies and tree depths are investigated and also compared with four baseline adaptive sampling strategies through three numerical functions and one engineering case. Results show that the number of component infilling strategies exerts a larger influence on the global and local performance than the tree depth; the Go-HI strategy with two component strategies performs better than the ones with three; the Go-HI strategy always outperforms the three component infilling strategies and the other four benchmark strategies in global performance and robustness and saves much computational cost.
Women’s choices in non-invasive prenatal testing for aneuploidy screening: results from a single centre prior to introduction in England
Authors: Sacco Adalina , Hewitt Hilary , Pandya Pranav 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate patient choices and uptake of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for aneuploidy screening offered in a contingency model as part of routine care.MethodWe retrospectively reviewed data for all women with a singleton pregnancy attending for routine first trimester screening over an 18-month period. Women with a ‘high-chance’ of trisomy 21, 18 or 13 (≥1:150) were offered the choice of no further testing, NIPT or invasive testing, in line with the screening pathway recommended by the UK National Screening Committee.ResultsOf 9342 women attending for a first trimester ultrasound scan, 7939 women were included in this study. Of these, 352 had a high-chance screening result for trisomy 21, and 291 (82.7%) opted for NIPT. The proportion of women opting for NIPT decreased as the chance of trisomy 21 increased: uptake was 93.2%, 90.0%, 77.1% and 47.2% for women with a chance of 1:100–150, 1:50–99, 1:10–49 and >1:10, respectively. 516 women (5.5%) accessed primary NIPT screening in the private sector, and 638 women (6.8%) declined any aneuploidy screening or testing.ConclusionImplementation of NIPT testing in a contingency model has a high uptake in a non-research National Health Service setting; the rate of uptake is related to the combined test risk result.
Prevalence and correlates of domestic violence among people seeking treatment for self-harm: data from a regional self-harm register
Authors: Dalton Tom Rollo , Knipe Duleeka , Feder Gene , Williams Salena , Gunnell David , Moran Paul 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPrevious research suggests that there is an association between domestic violence (DV) and self-harm (SH). Yet, the prevalence and clinical significance of DV among individuals presenting acutely to hospital with SH in the UK is unknown.ObjectiveTo measure the prevalence and correlates of DV among patients presenting to hospital with SH.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using registry data in order to describe the prevalence of DV within a UK population of people presenting to the emergency department (ED) with SH (n=1142).Results11.1% (95% CI 9.4% to 13.1%) of the sample reported DV. Those reporting DV were more likely to be female and separated from a partner. DV was associated with self-poisoning and with previous occurrence of SH.ConclusionOur findings suggest that DV victimisation is more prevalent among those presenting to ED with self-harm than among the general population of ED attenders, and that the presence of DV may signify increased risk among those presenting to ED with SH.
Alterations of the bile microbiome in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Liwinski Timur , Zenouzi Roman , John Clara , Ehlken Hanno , Rühlemann Malte C , Bang Corinna , Groth Stefan , Lieb Wolfgang , Kantowski Marcus , Andersen Nils , Schachschal Guido , Karlsen Tom H , Hov Johannes R , Rösch Thomas , Lohse Ansgar W , Heeren Joerg , Franke Andre , Schramm Christoph 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundPatients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) display an altered colonic microbiome compared with healthy controls. However, little is known on the bile duct microbiome and its interplay with bile acid metabolism in PSC.MethodsPatients with PSC (n=43) and controls without sclerosing cholangitis (n=22) requiring endoscopic retrograde cholangiography were included prospectively. Leading indications in controls were sporadic choledocholithiasis and papillary adenoma. A total of 260 biospecimens were collected from the oral cavity, duodenal fluid and mucosa and ductal bile. Microbiomes of the upper alimentary tract and ductal bile were profiled by sequencing the 16S-rRNA-encoding gene (V1–V2). Bile fluid bile acid composition was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and validated in an external cohort (n=20).ResultsThe bile fluid harboured a diverse microbiome that was distinct from the oral cavity, the duodenal fluid and duodenal mucosa communities. The upper alimentary tract microbiome differed between PSC patients and controls. However, the strongest differences between PSC patients and controls were observed in the ductal bile fluid, including reduced biodiversity (Shannon entropy, p=0.0127) and increase of pathogenEnterococcus faecalis(FDR=4.18×10−5) in PSC.Enterococcusabundance in ductal bile was strongly correlated with concentration of the noxious secondary bile acid taurolithocholic acid (r=0.60, p=0.0021).ConclusionPSC is characterised by an altered microbiome of the upper alimentary tract and bile ducts. Biliary dysbiosis is linked with increased concentrations of the proinflammatory and potentially cancerogenic agent taurolithocholic acid.
Comparison of physical and social risk-reducing factors for the development of disability in older adults: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Fancourt Daisy , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundConsiderations of modifiable risk factors for the development of disability in older age have traditionally focused on physical activity. However, there is increasing evidence that psychological, social, and cognitive factors also help to maintain functional independence. This study compared the protective associations between physical and social activities and disability onset.MethodsWe analysed data from 5434 adults aged 50+ years tracked biennially from 2004/2005 to 2016/2017, measuring self-reported difficulty in carrying out any basic activities of daily living (ADLs) or instrumental ADLs. Exposures included mild, moderate and vigorous physical activity, frequency of socialising with friends/family, cultural engagement (eg, going to the theatre/museums/concerts), and participation in community groups.ResultsOver the 12-year follow-up, 1945 adults developed disability. Using Cox proportional hazards regression models adjusted for all identified demographic and health-related variables, vigorous exercise or activity once a month or more (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.96), moderate exercise or activity more than once a week (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.97) or cultural engagement once or twice a year or more (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.97) were associated with a lower hazard of developing disability. Other exposures did not show independent protective associations. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses considering reverse causality and exploring the potential confounding role of time-invariant factors, such as socioeconomic status.ConclusionThese results suggest the importance of either developing multimodal interventions to protect against disability and promote healthy ageing or promoting greater physical and social engagement with existing community activities among older adults.
Preliminary assessment of dolomite stringers in the Upper Jurassic Farsund Formation as a potential unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir
Authors: Galluccio Laura , Foote Nicolas , Bertouche Meriem , Kostic Boris , James Andrea 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
With the increasing interest in the development of shale reservoirs in Europe, cross-border geoscience co-operation is undoubtedly pivotal in understanding the laterally extensive and vastly underexplored unconventional plays in and around the North Sea. The Upper Jurassic Volgian Farsund Formation is considered to be a key source rock in the North Sea. Organic-rich mudrocks are interbedded with distal silt- to sand-prone turbidites and are commonly punctuated by variably thick dolomitized stringers. The latter are locally hydrocarbon charged, and are considered to have better-preserved microporosity and pore connectivity and higher brittleness compared to the adjacent mudrocks. Hence, an improved awareness of their origin and distribution is essential to understanding this potential unconventional play. In this paper, the origin and lateral continuity of the dolomitized stringers within the Farsund Formation are considered based on the integration of borehole image, sedimentological, petrographical and geochemical data. While acknowledging the high level of uncertainty held in some aspects of this study, based on the restricted dataset, our main purpose is to share preliminary findings and thoughts, which are aimed at prompting wider cross-border discussion.
Normal fault geometric attribute variations with lithology: examples from the Norwegian Barents Sea
Authors: Libak A. , Torabi A. , Alaei B. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The geometry of faults exposed in the field is at least partly controlled by host-rock lithology. However, little work has been published on the effect of lithology on the geometry of very large faults imaged in seismic data. This paper presents such a study for seismic-scale faults in the Norwegian Barents Sea. Gamma-ray data are used to extract clay volumes of the host rock. These clay volume logs are used to populate 3D seismic cubes with lithology information. Finally, the clay volume cubes are co-rendered with seismic coherence cubes using opacity blending. This makes it possible to visualize both lithology information and fault geometries in the same volume. Intervals of different lithologies are studied in order to compare fault geometries. The results show some differences between claystone-rich intervals and the more sandstone-dominated intervals. The fault zone is more segmented and wider in the claystones, while the sandy intervals are narrower and more localized with less segmentation. Larger displacement faults penetrate into deeper stratigraphic levels than smaller displacement faults, and their basal tips are unrelated to lithological decoupling.
Tectonic, provenance and sedimentological controls on reservoir characteristics in the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic Realgrunnen Subgroup, SW Barents Sea
Authors: Klausen Tore Grane , Müller Reidar , Poyatos-Moré Miquel , Olaussen Snorre , Stueland Eirik 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The most prolific reservoir package in the SW Barents Sea is currently the Upper Triassic–Middle Jurassic Realgrunnen Subgroup, comprising the main hydrocarbon accumulations in the Goliat, Snøhvit and Johan Castberg fields and the Wisting discovery. The interval continues to be the main target as hydrocarbon exploration ventures further into this region. However, the package varies considerably in thickness and reservoir quality throughout the basin, and it is therefore very important to understand how this package developed and what has affected it in the time since it was deposited.
Here we review controls on the tectonostratigraphic evolution and facies distribution within the Realgrunnen Subgroup, and exemplify the variability in reservoir characteristics within the subgroup by comparing some key wells in relation to their depositional environment and provenance. New provenance data that record a turnover from reworked Triassic- to Caledonian-sourced mature sediment support facies observations which suggest temporal changes in the depositional environment from marine to fluvial. Much of the variability within the subgroup is attributed the tectonostratigraphic development of the basin that controlled accommodation, facies transitions and sediment distribution. This variability is reflected in subtle differences in reservoir quality important both for exploration and production in the remaining underexplored basin.
Colored Fused Filament Fabrication
Authors: Song Haichuan , Martínez Jonàs , Bedell Pierre , Vennin Noémie , Lefebvre Sylvain 
Published: June 2019

Fused filament fabrication is the method of choice for printing 3D models at low cost and is the de facto standard for hobbyists, makers, and schools. Unfortunately, filament printers cannot truly reproduce colored objects. The best current techniques rely on a form of dithering exploiting occlusion, which was only demonstrated for shades of two base colors and behaves differently depending on surface slope.
We explore a novel approach for 3D-printing colored objects, capable of creating controlled gradients of varying sharpness. Our technique exploits off-the-shelf nozzles that are designed to mix multiple filaments in a small melting chamber, obtaining intermediate colors once the mix is stabilized.
We apply this property to produce color gradients. We divide each input layer into a set of strata, each having a different constant color. By locally changing the thickness of the stratum, we change the perceived color at a given location. By optimizing the choice of colors of each stratum, we further improve quality and allow the use of different numbers of input filaments.
We demonstrate our results by building a functional color printer using low-cost, off-the-shelf components. Using our tool, a user can paint a 3D model and directly produce its physical counterpart using any material and color available for fused filament fabrication.
Interactions between motor exploration and reinforcement learning
Authors: Uehara Shintaro , Mawase Firas , Therrien Amanda S. , Cherry-Allen Kendra M. , Celnik Pablo 
Published: June 2019

Motor exploration, a trial-and-error process in search for better motor outcomes, is known to serve a critical role in motor learning. This is particularly relevant during reinforcement learning, where actions leading to a successful outcome are reinforced while unsuccessful actions are avoided. Although early on motor exploration is beneficial to finding the correct solution, maintaining high levels of exploration later in the learning process might be deleterious. Whether and how the level of exploration changes over the course of reinforcement learning, however, remains poorly understood. Here we evaluated temporal changes in motor exploration while healthy participants learned a reinforcement-based motor task. We defined exploration as the magnitude of trial-to-trial change in movements as a function of whether the preceding trial resulted in success or failure. Participants were required to find the optimal finger-pointing direction using binary feedback of success or failure. We found that the magnitude of exploration gradually increased over time when participants were learning the task. Conversely, exploration remained low in participants who were unable to correctly adjust their pointing direction. Interestingly, exploration remained elevated when participants underwent a second training session, which was associated with faster relearning. These results indicate that the motor system may flexibly upregulate the extent of exploration during reinforcement learning as if acquiring a specific strategy to facilitate subsequent learning. Also, our findings showed that exploration affects reinforcement learning and vice versa, indicating an interactive relationship between them. Reinforcement-based tasks could be used as primers to increase exploratory behavior leading to more efficient subsequent learning. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor exploration, the ability to search for the correct actions, is critical to learning motor skills. Despite this, whether and how the level of exploration changes over the course of training remains poorly understood. We showed that exploration increased and remained high throughout training of a reinforcement-based motor task. Interestingly, elevated exploration persisted and facilitated subsequent learning. These results suggest that the motor system upregulates exploration as if learning a strategy to facilitate subsequent learning.
Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated protection of mouse hippocampal synaptic transmission against oxygen and/or glucose deprivation: a comparative study
Authors: Kawamura Masahito , Ruskin David N. , Masino Susan A. 
Published: June 2019

Adenosine receptors are widely expressed in the brain, and adenosine is a key bioactive substance for neuroprotection. In this article, we clarify systematically the role of adenosine A1 receptors during a range of timescales and conditions when a significant amount of adenosine is released. Using acute hippocampal slices obtained from mice that were wild type or null mutant for the adenosine A1 receptor, we quantified and characterized the impact of varying durations of experimental ischemia, hypoxia, and hypoglycemia on synaptic transmission in the CA1 subregion. In normal tissue, these three stressors rapidly and markedly reduced synaptic transmission, and only treatment of sufficient duration led to incomplete recovery. In contrast, inactivation of adenosine A1 receptors delayed and/or lessened the reduction in synaptic transmission during all three stressors and reduced the magnitude of the recovery significantly. We reproduced the responses to hypoxia and hypoglycemia by applying an adenosine A1 receptor antagonist, validating the clear effects of genetic receptor inactivation on synaptic transmission. We found activation of adenosine A1 receptor inhibited hippocampal synaptic transmission during the acute phase of ischemia, hypoxia, or hypoglycemia and caused the recovery from synaptic impairment after these three stressors using genetic mutant. These studies quantify the neuroprotective role of the adenosine A1 receptor during a variety of metabolic stresses within the same recording system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Deprivation of oxygen and/or glucose causes a rapid adenosine A1 receptor-mediated decrease in synaptic transmission in mouse hippocampus. We quantified adenosine A1 receptor-mediated inhibition during and synaptic recovery after ischemia, hypoxia, and hypoglycemia of varying durations using a genetic mutant and confirmed these findings using pharmacology. Overall, using the same recording conditions, we found the acute response and the neuroprotective ability of the adenosine A1 receptor depended on the type and duration of deprivation event.
A comparative study on dragonfly diversity on a plateau and an agro-ecosystem in Goa, India
Authors: D’Souza Andrea R.M. , Pai Irvathur Krishnananda 
Published: June 2019

The present study was carried out to fill the lacuna in the understanding of the diversity of odonates of Goa in general and dragonflies in particular on plateau and paddy fields in coastal villages—agricultural area at Velsao and Taleigao Plateau. Diversity in plateau ecosystem was higher possibly due to a greater plant and insect diversity on the plateau, in comparison with the monoculture paddy agro-ecosystem. Highest number of species recorded belonged to the family Libellulidae. Monthly diversity showed correlation with monthly average rainfall and humidity.
Dietary analysis of the Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus (Brunnich, 1782) (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in Myanmar through the analysis of faecal and chewed remnants
Authors: Aung Moe Moe , Htay Than Than 
Published: June 2019

The diet of Indian Flying Fox Pteropus giganteus in southern Myanmar was analyzed from June 2017 to April 2018. Food resources were identified by collecting faeces, food remnants, and rejecta pellets beneath day roosts. Pteropus giganteus consumed fruits, flowers, and leaves of 14 species of plants. Six species of fruits were found in the faeces below the day roosts, 13 species of fruits and two species of leaves in the rejecta, and seven species of fruits and one species of leaf at the day roost. These observations indicate that P. giganteus is a phytophagous bat with rapid intestinal passage.