bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does culture influence innovation? A systematic literature review
Authors: Tian Mu , Deng Ping , Zhang Yingying , Salmador Maria Paz 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review of the studies that have analyzed the impact of culture on innovation.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors carried out a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed articles in the past 37 years (January 1980-January 2017). Based on a total of 61 identified primary studies, the authors developed two clusters of culture definition studied in relation to innovation, including organizational culture and national culture.

Findings
After reporting the findings of the systematic literature review, the authors discuss how a variety of culturally related factors combine to facilitate or restrict innovation performance in their corresponding cluster. The findings highlight the complex and idiosyncratic relationship between culture and innovation. Future research lines are recommended.

Research limitations/implications
The authors adopt a systematic literature review method to probe into existing literature, inevitably missing some empirical studies. Implications for future research are suggested.

Practical implications
The paper offers interesting implications for managers and academia. For business practitioners, this study can provide a useful reference regarding the role of cultures in the corporate internal management or international operations; for scholars, the study can provide a current research landscape and development process in this field.

Originality/value
The findings are derived from a systematic literature review that has studied the influence of culture on innovation. In addition, implications and insights as to where future research might be usefully inquired in this field are provided.
Corporate cash-pool valuation: a Monte Carlo approach
Authors: Berlinger Edina , Bihary Zsolt , Walter György 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze a special corporate banking product, the so-called cash-pool, which gained remarkable popularity in the recent years as firms try to centralize and manage their liquidity more efficiently.

Design/methodology/approach
A Monte Carlo simulation has been applied to assess the key benefits of the firms arising from the pooling of their cash holdings.

Findings
The main conclusion of the analysis is that the value of a cash-pool is higher in the case of firms with large, diverse and volatile cash flows having less access to the capital markets, especially if the partner bank is risky but offers a high interest rate spread at the same time. It is also shown that cash pooling is not the privilege of large multinational firms as the initial direct costs can be easily regained within a year even in the case of SMEs.

Originality/value
The novelty of this paper is the formalization of a valuation model. The literature emphasizes several benefits of cash pooling, such as interest rate savings, economy of scale and reduced cash flow volatility. The presented model focuses on the interest rate savings complemented with a new aspect: the reduced counterparty risk toward the bank.
Informed trading around biotech M&As
Authors: Kryzanowski Lawrence , Tran Trang Phuong 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to test the extent to which downward bias due to a floating-point exception in probability of informed trading (PIN) estimates obtained using the Easley, Hvidkjaer and O’Hara (EHO; 2002) method is remedied using the Yan and Zhang (YZ; 2012) method. The paper also aims to test the sample-size sensitivity of EHO PIN and identify PIN determinants for acquirers and targets in the biotech sector.

Design/methodology/approach
EHO and YZ PIN performances are compared for US biotech acquirers and targets around their mergers and acquisition (M&A) announcements. The sampling method of Kryzanowski and Lazrak (2007) is used to assess sample-size sensitivity of announcement window EHO PIN estimates. Cross-sectional regressions are estimated to identify PIN determinants.

Findings
EHO and YZ PIN are not significantly different. EHO PIN exhibits significant sample-size sensitivity. Information leakage prior to M&A announcements is strongly affected by some firm characteristics. Significant determinants of PIN behavior around M&A announcements include insider and institutional holdings and research and development (R&D) expense.

Research limitations/implications
Findings imply that PIN partially reflects the activities of insiders and other informed investors about takeover intentions. Subsequent research can examine PIN behavior around pre-announcement rumors for M&As in the same or other industries and for potential targets that are peers of the M&A targets.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the ongoing debate in the empirical finance literature on whether PIN measures informed trading by examining its behavior and the importance of some methodological issues associated with its use in examining market behavior around M&A announcements.
Fair-value accounting, asset sales and banks’ lending
Authors: Downing Jeff 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the interaction between fair-value accounting, asset sales and banks’ lending in booms and busts. Throughout, the author uses “fair value” and “mark-to-market” interchangeably, to denote an accounting regime where changes in the prices of banks’ assets affect regulatory capital. “Historic-cost accounting” has been used in the paper to denote an accounting regime where changes in asset prices do not affect regulatory capital.

Design/methodology/approach
The author built a model that examines how the accounting regime affects banks’ incentives to sell assets and how the impact of the accounting regime on asset sales affects lending.

Findings
In a bust, fair value strengthens banks’ incentives to sell assets. The resulting increase in sales increases banks’ lending capacity. Consequently, lending can be higher under fair value. Conversely, in a boom, historic cost strengthens banks incentives to sell assets. The resulting increase in sales increases banks’ lending capacity. Hence, lending can be higher under historic cost.

Originality/value
This paper identifies a new channel through which the accounting regime could affect lending. The accounting regime can affect banks’ incentives to sell assets. The resulting difference in sales can affect banks’ ability to make new loans. Hence, in a boom, although banks book mark-to-market gains under fair value, asset sales could be higher under historic cost. Lending, thus, could be higher under historic cost. Conversely, in a bust, although banks book mark-to-market losses under fair value, sales could be higher under fair value. Lending, thus, could be higher under fair value.
Cap rates and risk: a spatial analysis of commercial real estate
Authors: Unbehaun Florian , Fuerst Franz 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThis study aims to assess the impact of location on capitalization rates and risk premia.Design/methodology/approachUsing a transaction-based data series for the five largest office markets in Germany from 2005 to 2015, regression analysis is performed to account for a large set of asset-level drivers such as location, age and size and time-varying macro-level drivers.FindingsLocation is found to be a key determinant of cap rates and risk premia. CBD locations are found to attract lower cap rates and lower risk premia in three of the five largest markets in Germany. Interestingly, this effect is not found in the non-CBD locations of these markets, suggesting that the lower perceived risk associated with these large markets is restricted to a relatively small area within these markets that are reputed to be safe investments.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings imply that investors view properties in peripheral urban locations as imperfect substitutes for CBD properties. Further analysis also shows that these risk premia are not uniformly applied across real estate asset types. The CBD risk effect is particularly pronounced for office and retail assets, apparently considered “prime” investments within the central locations.Originality/valueThis is one of the first empirical studies of the risk implications of peripheral commercial real estate locations. It is also one of the first large-scale cap rate analyses of the German commercial real estate market. The results demonstrate that risk perceptions of investors have a distinct spatial dimension.
Plant and soil microbe responses to light, warming and nitrogen addition in a temperate forest
Authors: Ma Shiyu , Verheyen Kris , Props Ruben , Wasof Safaa , Vanhellemont Margot , Boeckx Pascal , Boon Nico , De Frenne Pieter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTemperate forests across Europe and eastern North America have become denser since the 1950s due to less intensive forest management and global environmental changes such as nitrogen deposition and climate warming. Denser tree canopies result in lower light availability at the forest floor. This shade may buffer the effects of nitrogen deposition and climate warming on understorey plant communities.We conducted an innovative in situ field experiment to study the responses of co‐occurring soil microbial and understorey plant communities to nitrogen addition, enhanced light availability and experimental warming in a full‐factorial design.We determined the effects of multiple environmental drivers and their interactions on the soil microbial and understorey plant communities, and assessed to what extent the soil microbial and understorey plant communities covary.High light led to lower biomass of the soil microbes (analysed by phospholipid fatty acids), but the soil microbial structure, i.e. the ratio of fungal biomass to bacterial biomass, was not affected by light availability. The composition of the soil bacterial community (analysed by high‐throughput sequencing) was affected by both light availability and warming (and their interaction), but not by nitrogen addition. Yet, the number of unique operational taxonomic units was higher in plots with nitrogen addition, and there were significant interactive effects of light and nitrogen addition. Light availability also determined the composition of the plant community; no effects of nitrogen addition and warming were observed. The soil bacterial and plant communities were co‐structured, and light availability explained a large part of the variance of this co‐structure.We provide robust evidence for the key role of light in affecting both the soil microbial and plant communities in forest understoreys. Our results advocate for more multifactor global change experiments that investigate the mechanism underlying the (in) direct effects of light on the plant–soil continuum in forests.Aplain language summaryis available for this article.
Sexual signal loss: The link between behaviour and rapid evolutionary dynamics in a field cricket
Authors: Zuk Marlene , Bailey Nathan W. , Gray Brian , Rotenberry John T. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Sexual signals may be acquired or lost over evolutionary time, and are tempered in their exaggeration by natural selection.

In the Pacific field cricket, Teleogryllus oceanicus, a mutation (“flatwing”) causing loss of the sexual signal, the song, spread in <20 generations in two of three Hawaiian islands where the crickets have been introduced. Flatwing (as well as some normal‐wing) males behave as satellites, moving towards and settling near calling males to intercept phonotactic females.

From 2005 to 2012, we surveyed crickets and their responses to conspecific song, noting the morph and number of males and females before and after experimental playbacks. The three Hawaiian islands consistently contained different proportions of flatwing crickets, ranging from about 90% of males on Kauai to 50% on Oahu to rare on the Big Island of Hawaii.

Flatwing and normal‐wing males do not appear to differ in responsiveness to playback, a behaviour that should influence the likelihood of a male encountering a phonotactic female. Instead, male and female crickets from populations in which little to no calling song is perceptible during development tended to seek out callers more readily than crickets that developed in noisier environments. Such increased phonotaxis makes females more likely to find either the caller to which they are responding or to encounter a flatwing (or normal male satellite) that has also been attracted to the song.

Our evidence suggests that pre‐existing behavioural plasticity (manifest as flexible responses to social—particularly acoustic—information in the environment) is associated with the rapid spread of the flatwing trait. Different social environments select for differential success of flatwing or normal‐wing males, which in turn alters the social environment itself.
Genetic variants in sex hormone pathways and the risk of type 2 diabetes among African American, Hispanic American, and European American postmenopausal women in the US
Authors: Goto Atsushi , Chen Brian H. , Chan Kei‐hang K. , Lee Cathy , Nelson Sarah C. , Crenshaw Andrew , Bookman Ebony , Margolis Karen L. , Sale Michèle M. ,   The MEta‐analysis of type 2 DIabetes in African Americans (MEDIA) Consortium, Ng Maggie C.Y. , Reiner Alexander P. , Liu Simin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSex hormones are implicated in the development of diabetes. However, whether genetic variations in sex hormone pathways (SHPs) contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains to be determined. This study investigated associations between genetic variations in all candidate genes in SHPs and T2DM risk among a cohort of women participating in the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI).MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located within 30 kb upstream and downstream of SHP genes were comprehensively examined in 8180 African American, 3498 Hispanic American, and 3147 European American women in the WHI. In addition, whether significant SNPs would be replicated in independent populations was examined.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, region, and ancestry estimates and correcting for multiple testing, seven SNPs were significantly associated with the risk of T2DM among Hispanic American women were identified in the progesterone receptor (PGR) gene, with rs948516 showing the greatest significance (odds ratio 0.67; 95% confidence interval 0.57–0.78;P = 8.8 × 10−7; false discovery rate,Q = 7.8 × 10−4). These findings were not replicated in other ethnic groups in the WHI or in sex‐combined analyses in replication studies.ConclusionSignificant signals were identified implicating thePGRgene in T2DM development in Hispanic American women in the WHI, which are consistent with genome‐wide association studies findings linkingPGRto glucose homeostasis. Nevertheless, thePGRSNPs–T2DM association was not statistically significant in other ethnic populations. Further studies, especially sex‐specific analyses, are needed to confirm the findings and clarify the role of SHPs in T2DM.
Drinking Level Versus Drinking Pattern and Cigarette Smoking Among Older Adults
Authors: Holahan Charles J. , Brennan Penny L. , Schutte Kathleen K. , Holahan Carole K. , Hixon J. Gregory , Moos Rudolf H. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThere is a lack of research on the role of alcohol consumption in cigarette smoking among older adults, and the few studies on alcohol use and smoking with older adults have failed to distinguish between average level and pattern of drinking as predictors of smoking. The main purpose of this study was to examine the independent contributions of average level versus pattern of drinking as predictors of cigarette smoking among older adults. A subsidiary purpose was to examine the link between continued smoking and mortality among older smokers.MethodsWe investigated average level and pattern of drinking as predictors of current smoking among 1,151 older adults at baseline and of continued smoking and mortality among the subset of 276 baseline smokers tracked across 20 years. We used multiple linear and logistic regression analyses and, to test mediation, bias‐corrected bootstrap confidence intervals.ResultsA high level of average drinking and a pattern of episodic heavy drinking were concurrently associated with smoking at baseline. However, only episodic heavy drinking was prospectively linked to continued smoking among baseline smokers. Continued smoking among baseline smokers increased the odds of 20‐year mortality and provided an indirect pathway through which heavy episodic drinking related to mortality.ConclusionsSmokers who misuse alcohol are a challenging population for smoking cessation efforts. Older adults who concurrently misuse alcohol and smoke cigarettes provide a unique target for public health interventions.
Clinical characteristics affecting length of stay in patients with cellulitis
Authors: Grinlinton Megan , Sohn Stephen , Hill Andrew , Zeng Irene , Wagener Jenny 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThis study aimed to profile the clinical characteristics of patients presenting to Middlemore Hospital with cellulitis in order to identify factors that are associated with an increased length of stay (LOS).MethodsRetrospective clinical data were collected for all patients aged 18 and above who were admitted with cellulitis to Middlemore Hospital General Surgical Department between 1 January and 31 March 2014. Comorbidities, laboratory results and medical conditions were included in the investigation.ResultsThe study included 201 patients. Significant factors associated with increased LOS include type 2 diabetes mellitus (P < 0.012), obesity (P < 0.001), raised C‐reactive protein (P < 0.0001), raised white cell count (P < 0.0001), raised temperature (P < 0.0001), septic shock (P < 0.003), multiorgan failure (P < 0.01), extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamases or methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization (P < 0.04) and intensive care unit admission (P < 0.0004).ConclusionThis single‐centre, retrospective clinical study has identified several factors that are significantly associated with an increased LOS. These factors provide a basis for future studies that may facilitate identification and timely medical optimization of high‐risk patients.
Seventeen‐Year Nationwide Trends in Use of Long‐acting Bronchodilators and Inhaled Corticosteroids among Adults – A Danish Drug Utilization Study
Authors: Reilev Mette , Pottegård Anton , Davidsen Jesper Rømhild , Rasmussen Lotte , Søndergaard Jens , Laursen Christian B. , Henriksen Daniel Pilsgaard 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLong‐acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) are the cornerstones in treatment of chronic obstructive and inflammatory pulmonary diseases. However, non‐adherence to guidelines is widespread. Detailed information on real‐life treatment patterns is needed to promote rational use. We aimed to investigate nationwide time trends in individual‐level treatment patterns of long‐acting bronchodilators and ICS. Using nationwide Danish health registries, we identified all Danish adults with a prescription for long‐acting bronchodilators and/or ICS from 2000 to 2016. We investigated the total use of long‐acting bronchodilators and ICS, the proportion of current users and the rate of new users over time. Finally, we assessed treatment persistence. We included 23,061,681 prescriptions for long‐acting bronchodilators and ICS issued to 805,860 individuals from 2000 to 2016. Over this period, the total annual amount of prescribed long‐acting bronchodilators and ICS increased by 39%. Similarly, the proportion of adult users increased from 2.6% to 4.5%, mainly driven by the introduction of combination therapy and long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). Although the rate of new users of fixed‐dose combination drugs increased substantially over time, the overall rate of new users was stable. In general, the proportion of patients on therapy after 1 year was low (25–53%), especially among young individuals and users of ICS. We document a pronounced increase in the total use of long‐acting bronchodilators and ICS over time, mainly driven by the introduction of combination drugs and LAMA. Special attention should be paid to the low level of persistence, especially among young individuals and users of ICS.
Evaluation of T‐lymphocyte subpopulations in actinic keratosis, in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Stravodimou Aristea , Tzelepi Vassiliki , Papadaki Helen , Mouzaki Athanasia , Georgiou Sophia , Melachrinou Maria , Kourea Eleni P. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundTumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) represent important regulators of carcinogenesis. Cutaneous invasive squamous cell carcinoma (inSCC) develops through precursor lesions, namely in situ squamous cell carcinoma (isSCC) and actinic keratosis (AK), representing a natural model of carcinogenesis. The study evaluates TIL subpopulations in inSCC and its precursors by comparing 2 semiquantitative scoring systems, and assesses the presence of regulatory T‐cells (Tregs) in these lesions.MethodsParaffin sections from 33 cases of AK, 19 isSCCs and 34 inSCCs with adjacent precursor lesions or normal skin (NS) were immunostained for CD3, CD4, CD8 and Foxp3. TIL subgroups were evaluated by the semiquantitative Klintrup‐Mäkinen (K‐M) score, and by a more detailed modification of this system. Treg counts were assessed by image analysis quantification.ResultsAn increase of all TIL subpolulations from precursor lesions toward inSCC was shown by both scoring systems. Treg counts progressively increased from NS to AK and isSCC, but decreased in inSCC. Tregs were more numerous in pT2 and around indolent inSCCs compared to T1 and aggressive subtypes.ConclusionsT‐cells and cytotoxic T‐cells progressively increase in cutaneous squamous cell carcinogenesis, while Treg counts diminish in inSCC. The K‐M score is an appropriate, easily applicable TIL scoring system in cutaneous inSCC.
Biosimilars in der Dermatologie – Theorie wird Realität
Authors: Gerdes Sascha , Mrowietz Ulrich , Augustin Matthias , von Kiedrowski Ralph , Enk Alexander , Strömer Klaus , Schön Michael P. , Radtke Marc A. 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungBiosimilars sind biologische Medikamente, bei denen es sich um Nachbildungen eines spezifischen Referenzprodukts handelt. Biosimilars der Tumornekrosefaktor‐alpha‐Inhibitoren Infliximab und Etanercept sind bereits zugelassen und stehen für dermatologische Indikationen zur Verfügung. Die Aufsichtsbehörden verlangen eine eingehende Analyse der physikochemischen und funktionellen Eigenschaften dieser hochkomplexen Moleküle sowie klinische Daten hinsichtlich ihrer gleichwertigen Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit anhand mindestens einer klinischen Studie mit einer sensitiven und homogenen Population. Für die Zulassung in einem regulierten Arzneimittelmarkt muss daher nachgewiesen werden, dass die Biosimilars praktisch gleichwertig mit dem jeweiligen Originalpräparat sind. Demzufolge werden diese Daten von einem Molekül (dem Originator) auf das andere (das Biosimilar) extrapoliert und die resultierende Zulassung umfasst die gleichen Indikationen wie beim Originalpräparat. Die Extrapolation ist zwar gut akzeptiert und reguliert, es fehlen jedoch klare Empfehlungen hinsichtlich der Austauschbarkeit von Originator und Biosimilar ebenso wie Daten über mehrmalige aufeinanderfolgende Umstellungen. Die aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse stehen einer Anwendung von Biosimilars bei dermatologischen Indikationen nicht entgegen. Eine mehrmalige Umstellung der Biosimilars sollte jedoch sorgfältig überdacht werden. Um das Vertrauen in Biosimilars zu festigen und ihre Evidenz zu verbessern, ist es essentiell das spezifische Produkt, das jeder Patient erhält, möglichst genau und möglichst im Rahmen von Patientenregister zu dokumentieren.