bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of two duplicate etiolation genes (py1, py2) in pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis)
Authors: Zhang Kun , Mu Yu , Li Weijia , Shan Xiaofei , Wang Nan , Feng Hui 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
We identified a stably inherited yellow leaf mutant derived from ‘Huaguan’ pakchoi variety via isolated microspore culture and designated as pylm . This mutant displayed yellow leaves after germination. Its etiolated phenotype was nonlethal and stable during the whole growth period. Its growth was weak and its hypocotyls were markedly elongated. Two recessive nuclear genes named py1 and py2 had a duplicate effect on etiolation. BSR-Seq revealed that py1 and py2 were mapped on chromosomes A09 and A07, respectively. The genes were single Mendelian factors in F 3:4 populations based on a 3:1 phenotypic segregation ratio. The py1 was localized to a 258.3-kb interval on a 34-gene genome. The differentially expressed gene BraA09004189 was detected in the py1 mapping region and regulated heme catabolism. One single-nucleotide polymorphism of BraA09004189 occurred in pylm. A candidate gene-specific SNP marker in 1,520 F 3:4 yellow-colored individuals co-segregated with py1 . For py2 , 1,860 recessive homozygous F 3:4 individuals were investigated and localized py2 to a 4.4-kb interval. Of the five genes in this region, BraA07001774 was predicted as a candidate for py2. It encoded an embryo defective 1187 and a phosphotransferase related to chlorophyll deficiency and hypocotyl elongation. One single-nucleotide polymorphism of BraA07001774 occurred in pylm. It caused a single amino acid mutation from Asp to Asn. According to qRT-PCR, BraA07001774 was downregulated in pylm. Thus, BraA09004189 and BraA07001774 are candidate genes for py1 and py2 . These findings will elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the gene interactions controlling pakchoi etiolation.
Association Between Dietary Consumption, Anthropometric Measures And Body Composition Of Rural And Urban Ghanaian Adults; A Cross Sectional Study.
Authors: Agyapong Nana Ama Frimpomaa , Annan Reginald Adjetey , Apprey Charles , Aduku Linda Nana Esi , Swart Catherina Elizabeth 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity have become threats to public health in all regions across the globe including sub-Saharan Africa where prevalence used to be low. Policies to regulate the food environment and promote healthy food consumption look promising to reducing the prevalence obesity but in Ghana there is not enough data to elicit a policy response. This study assessed the association between dietary consumption, Body Mass Index (BMI) and body composition among rural and urban Ghanaian adults.Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 565 Ghanaian adults. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on socio-demographics. Dietary consumption was assessed using household food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall. Height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and body composition of all participants were determined. Mann Whitney U test was used to analyze differences in anthropometric measures, body composition and consumption among rural and urban participants. Principal component analysis was used to analyze household food frequency data. Chi-square was used to measure differences in obesity prevalence by community and gender. Multinomial logistic regression was used to model the risk factors associated with obesity.Results The prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI were 29.9 and 22.9 respectively. Use of waist circumference measurement resulted in the highest overall obesity prevalence of 41.5%. Prevalence of obesity was higher among females compared to males across all measures with the exception of visceral fat that showed no significant difference. Four different patterns were derived from principal component analysis. Vegetable convenience dietary pattern showed significant negative correlation with visceral fat (r=-0.142, p 0.002), body fat (r=-0.102, p 0.209) and BMI (r=-0.136, p 0.003). Multinomial logistic regression revealed that males (OR 21.968, CI 10.876-44.373, p-value < 0.001) and rural participants (OR 1.684, CI 1.039-2.729, p-value <0.05) had higher odds of being of normal weight.Conclusion Prevalence of overweight and obesity continue to rise in Ghana, especially among females. Public education and screening as well as interventions that regulate the food environment and makes affordable and available healthy food options are needed to control the rise in obesity prevalence.
Analysis of cognitive characteristics and influencing factors of mass sports rehabilitation in Taiyuan
Authors: He Yaye , Wang Jiangong , Zhao Liangyuan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: To assess the awareness regarding sports rehabilitation among residents of Taiyuan. Method: From September 27, 2018 to March 29, 2019, 1200 residents who met the inclusion/ criteria were selected using convenient sampling method. The population was surveyed by self-designed questionnaires, and single factor and two-category logistic regression analysis (stepwise forward method) was used to identify the factors influencing awareness of mass sports rehabilitation in Taiyuan. Results: A total of 1200 questionnaires were issued, of which 1167 were collected and 1101 were valid. The corresponding recovery and effective recovery rates were 97.25% and 94.34% respectively. The overall rate of awareness of exercise rehabilitation was 80.7%, and education level, occupation, income and health status were significant influencing factors (R<0.05). The results of two-class logistic regression analysis showed that age, occupation, education level, income level and health status were the influencing factors affecting the public's perception of the sports rehabilitation concept (R<0.05), whereas gender, occupation, education level and health status influenced understanding of the establishment of the rehabilitation department in Taiyuan (R<0.05), and gender, age, education level and health status affected understanding of the types of patients receiving rehabilitation (R<0.05). Conclusion: There is a high general awareness regarding sports rehabilitation, and is influenced by various socio-economic factors.
Variants in RETN gene are associated with Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head risk among Han Chinese People
Authors: An Feimeng , Zhang Litian , Gao Hongyan , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Chang , Tian Ye , Ma Chao , Zhao Jian , Wang Kunzheng , Wang Jianzhong 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Introduction Gene polymorhisms has an important influence on RETN gene expression level, and the increased level of resistin encoded in RETN will lead to metabolic disorder, especially lipid metabolism. Moreover, steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (steroid-induced ONFH) is closely related to lipid metabolism level, so this study aims to explore the association of RETN Polymorphisms with susceptibility to steroid-induced ONFH in the Chinese Han Population.Methods In this case-control study, eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of RETN were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY system in 199 steroid-induced ONFH patients and 200 healthy controls. The association between RETN polymorphisms and steroid-induced ONFH risk was evaluated using genetic models and haplotype analyses. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by logistic regression adjusted for age.Results We found significant differences in the distribution of HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C between the patients and the control group (p < 0.05). In allele model and genotype model analysis, rs34861192, rs3219175, rs3745368 and rs1477341 could reduce the risk of steroid-induced ONFH. Further stratified analysis showed that rs3745367 was related to the clinical stage of patients, and rs1477341 was significantly correlated with an increased TG level and a decreased TC/ HDL-C level. The Linkage analysis showed that three SNPs (rs34861192, rs3219175) in RETN even significant linkage disequilibrium.Conclusions Our results provide the firstly evidence that RETN gene polymorphisms were associated with a reduced risk of steroid-induced ONFH in Chinese Han Population.
Involvement of p75NTR in the alteration of neuronal network activity by Aβ
Authors: zhao hucheng 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background：The aberrant accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the neocortex and hippocampus is one of the initial causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) has been proposed to mediate Aβ-induced neuronal cell death. Whether p75NTR is required for the effects of Aβ on neuronal network activity，remains unclear.
Results: Our results show that low concentrations of Aβ42 did not affect neuronal viability and synapse number. However, the Aβ42 treatment decreased the neuronal network activity of cultured wild-type hippocampal neurons, including a significant decrease of Ca2+ oscillations, spontaneous postsynaptic activity and synaptic connectivity. Moreover, the Aβ42 treatment did not affect the neuronal network activity of Tg2576/p75NTR+/− and p75NTR+/− hippocampal neurons.
Conclusion: These studies will shed new light on the pathogenesis of AD and aid the development of related drugs.
Fluoroquinolone resistance and mutational profile of gyrA gene in pulmonary MDR tuberculosis patients
Authors: Kabir Saba , Tahir Zarfishan , Mukhtar Nadia , Sohail Muhammad , Saqalein Muhammad , Rehman Abdul 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background
In recent year’s high proportion of flouroquinolone (FQs) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates has been observed. The multidrug resistant TB is a serious risk for its transition to XDR-TB.
Methods
A total of 562 samples were included in the study from patients with pulmonary TB which had been on anti-tuberculosis therapy. MTBDRsl assay was performed for molecular detection of mutations. Sequence analysis was performed for characterization and mutational profiling of FQ resistant isolates.
Results
FQs resistance was observed in 104 (18.5%) samples and most of them were previously treated and treatment failure cases. A total of 102 isolates had mutations in gyr A gene, D94G and A90V being the most prevalent while gyr B gene mutations were observed in only two isolates. Some substitutions in amino acid D, A and T were also determined by sequence analysis in hybridization pattern of both co-existence cases which appeared with both wild type and mutant probe and with missing wild type probe as well.
Conclusion
The findings suggest that the genotypic studies for FQs resistance should be carried out at time of initial diagnosis, before starting treatment, to rule out all type of mutations for potential use in the treatment and to control its resistance.
Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of severe asthmatic patients
Authors: Sun Yun , Gu Bin , Qian Yan , Chen Yi , Mao Zheng-dao , Shi Yu-jia , Cao Qi , Wu Di , Zhang Qian 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Backgroud To explore the Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract（GSPE） in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of severe asthmatic patients. Methods 40 severe asthmatic patients were randomly and averagely divided into 2 groups: DXM group (n=20) and GSPE+DXM group (n=20), and 20 healthy volunteers as control gorup. Heparinized peripheral venous blood from each subject was collected in a sterile vacuum tube. The levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 were detected by ELISA. The protein and mRNA expressions of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutamatecysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM) inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and inactivation of histone deacetylase-2 (HDAC2) were detected by Western blot and qRT-PCR respectively. Glutathion(GSH) was measured by using Glutathione Fluorometric Detection Kit, and Nrf2-ARE binding ability was measured by using TransAM Nrf2 Transcription Factor ELISA Kit. Results The results showed that the levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 in normal control group were lower than those in severe asthma group (P <0.05). Treatment with GSPE+DXM reduced the levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 significantly when compared with DXM only ( P <0.05).The mRNA expression of iNOS in DXM group was significantly higher than that in control group. However, after adding GSPE treatment, the expression dramatically decreased ( P <0.001). On the contrary, lower mRNA expressions of Nrf2, GCLM and HDAC2 were found in DXM group than in control group ( P <0.001). Accordingly, when treated with GSPE, these expressions elevated and reached a statistical significance ( P <0.05). Consistently, the results from western blot analysis confirmed the role of GSPE on the protein expressions of iNOS, Nrf2, GCLM and HDAC2 in PBMCs of patients with severe asthma ( P <0.001). The PBMCs from patients with severe asthma exhibited lower Nrf2-ARE binding ability and produced less GSH than normal controls. GSPE treatment effectively augmented the Nrf2-ARE binding ability and the expression of GSH, which demonstrated the biological antioxidant potential of GSPE ( P <0.001). Conclusion GSPE can alleviate glucocorticoid resistance by regulating Nrf2-iNOS-HDAC2 signaling pathway in severe asthma, suggesting that GSPE have potential clinical application prospects in the treatment of severe asthma.
DNA methylation and miRNA-1296 act in concert to mediate spatiotemporal expression of KPNA7 during bovine oocyte and early embryonic development
Authors: Wang Lei , Hand Jacqelyn M. , Fu Liyuan , Smith George W. , Yao Jianbo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Epigenetic regulation of oocyte-specific maternal factors is essential for oocyte and early embryonic development. KPNA7 is an oocyte-specific maternal factor, which controls transportation of nuclear proteins important for early embryonic development. To elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the controlled expression of KPNA7, both DNA methylation associated transcriptional silencing and miRNA-mediated mRNA degradation of KPNA7 were examined. Results Comparison of DNA methylation profiles at the proximal promoter of KPNA7 gene between oocyte and 6 different somatic tissues identified 3 oocyte-specific differentially methylated CpG sites. Expression of KPNA7 mRNA was reintroduced in bovine kidney-derived CCL2 cells after treatment with the methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (5-Aza). Analysis of the promoter region of KPNA7 gene in CCL2 cells treated with 5-Aza showed a lighter methylation rate in all the CpG sites. Bioinformatic analysis predicted 4 miRNA-1296 binding sites in the coding region of KPNA7 mRNA. Ectopic co-expression of miRNA-1296 and KPNA7 in HEK293 cells led to reduced expression of KPNA7 protein. Quantitative real time PCR analysis revealed that miRNA-1296 is expressed in oocytes and early stage embryos, and the expression reaches a peak level in 8-cell stage embryos, coincident with the time of embryonic genome activation and the start of declining of KPNA7 expression. Conclusions These results suggest that DNA methylation may account for oocyte-specific expression of KPNA7, and miRNA-1296 targeting the coding region of KPNA7 is a potential mechanism for KPNA7 transcript degradation during the maternal-to-zygotic transition.
A falência do romance a partir dos limites da sua criação estética em Pornopopéia de Reinaldo Moraes
Authors: Santos da Silva Felipe , Felix José Carlos 
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o romance Pornopopéia (2008) do escritor brasileiro Reinaldo Moraes. Discutiremos, por meio de dois excertos narrativos, de que modo Zeca, personagem e protagonista, ensaia o ofício de ser romancista mediante a ausência de uma proposta de escrita literária contemporânea. Na segunda seção, redimensionamos a discussão estritamente do objeto para refletir acerca das implicações do gênero romance após o Modernismo e suas modulações no cenário contemporâneo. Partiremos das reflexões e postulados de Barth (1986), Compagnon (1999), Eagleton (2006) e Silviano Santiago (2002) e Todorov (2009). Como resultado, percebemos que Pornopopéia prescinde qualquer possibilidade analítica externa ao romance, deixando como saída para a literatura contemporânea o afastamento de mediação e a reconciliação entre texto-leitor.
Gynura Segetum Related Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome: A Liver Disease with High Mortality and Misdiagnosis Rate
Authors: Ou Pengcheng , Liu Xinyu , Tang Zhiqun , Hou Zhouhua , Liu Li , Liu Jun , Zhou Shangchen , Fang Zhixiong , Sun Kewei , Chen Yue , Chen Xiaobei , Li Yi , Chen Jun 
Published: October 2019

Background and Aim:
Gynura segetum (Tusanqi or Jusanqi) is widely used in China as a herbal remedy,
however, it has often been associated with hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS). Its extent in
inducing hepatotoxicity is not sufficiently understood. Hence, we aimed to identify the characteristic features of
Gynura segetum associated HSOS.

Methods:
A total of 64 patients diagnosed with HSOS induced by gynura segetum were enrolled from eight Chinese
tertiary care hospitals between 2008 and 2018. General information regarding diagnosis, disease history,
suspected drug use, symptoms and signs, biochemical index, imaging data, liver histology, treatment methods,
severity and prognosis were collected and analyzed.

Results:
The mean age of the enrolled patients were 58.07±11.44 years. Male patients accounted for 64.1% of HSOS
patients. The median latency period was 75 days. The number of patients with a definite diagnosis from the eight
hospitals was 5 (7.81%), with a misdiagnosis rate of 92.18%. Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, ascites and lower limbs
edema were present in 89.1%, 76.6%, 81.3% and 43.8% of the patients, respectively. The imaging characteristic
changes were liver parenchyma echo thickening, uneven density, and hepatic vein stenosis and occlusion.
Liver biopsies had characteristic pathological changes. Except for ALT and D-Dimer, liver function and coagulation
index at admission and before discharge were not significantly different (p>0.05). The 6-month mortality rate was
77.55%, with upper-gastrointestinal bleeding being the leading cause of death (42.11%). The second leading cause of
death was a secondary infection (36.84%), while the third was hepatorenal syndrome (21.05%).

Conclusion:
Gynura segetum related HSOS often presents as progressive hepatic congestion, portal hypertension
and liver failure, and has a high mortality and misdiagnosis rate.
Current Regulatory Standpoint on Evaluating the Bioequivalence of Different Classes of Generic Drugs - Is the Evaluation in the Right Direction?
Authors: Micheal Francis , Sayana Mohanlal , Motial Balamurali Musuvathi 
Published: October 2019

Background:
The concept of evaluating bioequivalence has changed over a period of time. Currently, the
Average Bioequivalence approach (ABE) is the gold standard tool for the evaluation of generics. Of late, many debates
had arisen about employing ABE approach for the appraisal of all drug categories. This review aims to examine
the limitations of ABE approach and the significances of Population Bioequivalence (PBE) and Individual Bioequivalence
(IBE) approach, current regulatory thinking for assessing different categories of the drug, whether they
are adequately assessed, and the evaluation is in the right direction.

Methods:
We carried out an organized search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literatures, regulatory
recommendations, guidance documents using a focused review question and eligibility criteria. The standard
tools were used to appraise the quality of retrieved documents and to make sure the authenticity of the data.

Results:
In total 73 references were used in the review, the majority of the references (guidance documents) were
from the different regulatory agencies and product-specific guidance. There were 29 product-specific guidance from
USFDA and EMA. The limitations of the ABE approach were discussed in detail along with the significances of
Population Bioequivalence (PBE) approach and Individual Bioequivalence (IBE) approaches.

Conclusion:
It is apparent from the review that IBE approach is a precise method for evaluating the drugs as it answers
drug interchangeability (prescribability and switchability). IBE approach is followed by PBE approach and
ABE approach for the evaluation of different categories of drugs in terms of precision.
Curcumin - A Novel Therapeutic Agent in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Gupta Manoj K. , Vadde Ramakrishna , Sarojamma Vemula 
Published: October 2019

Background:Colorectal cancer is the third important cause of cancer-associated deaths across the world. Hence, there is an urgent need for understanding the complete mechanism associated with colorectal cancer, which in turn can be utilized toward early detection as well as the treatment of colorectal cancer in humans. Though colorectal cancer is a complex process and chemotherapy is the first step toward the treatment of colorectal cancer, recently several studies suggested that dietary phytochemicals may also aid significantly in reducing colorectal cancer risk in human. However, only few phytochemicals, specifically curcumin derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, have better chemotherapeutic property, which might be because of its ability to regulate the activity of key factors associated with the initiation, promotion, as well as progression of tumors.Objectives:In the present review, the authors made an attempt to summarize the physiochemical properties of curcumin, which in turn prevent colorectal cancer via regulating numerous cell signaling as well as genetic pathways.Conclusions:Accumulated evidence suggested that curcumin suppresses tumour/colon cancer in various ways, (a) restricting cell cycle progression, or stimulating apoptosis, (b) restricting angiogenesis, anti-apoptotic proteins expression, cell survival signaling pathways & their cross-communication and (c) regulating immune responses. The information discussed in the present review will be useful in the drug discovery process as well as the treatment and prevention of colorectal cancer in humans.