bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible‐to‐NIR Photon Harvesting: Progressive Engineering of Catalysts for Solar‐Powered Environmental Purification and Fuel Production
Authors: Yang Min‐Quan , Gao Minmin , Hong Minghui , Ho Ghim Wei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUtilization of diffusive solar energy through photocatalytic processes for environmental purification and fuel production has long been pursued. However, efficient capture of visible–near‐infrared (NIR) photons, especially for those with wavelengths longer than 600 nm, is a demanding quest in photocatalysis owing to their relatively low energy. In recent years, benefiting from the advances in photoactive material design, photocatalytic reaction system optimization, and new emerging mechanisms for long‐wavelength photon activation, increasing numbers of studies on the harnessing of visible–NIR light for solar‐to‐chemical energy conversion have been reported. Here, the aim is to comprehensively summarize the progress in this area. The main strategies of the long‐wavelength visible–NIR photon capture and the explicitly engineered material systems, i.e., narrow optical gap, photosensitizers, upconversion, and photothermal materials, are elaborated. In addition, the advances in long‐wavelength light‐driven photo‐ and photothermal‐catalytic environmental remediation and fuel production are discussed. It is anticipated that this review presents the forefront achievements in visible–NIR photon capture and at the same time promotes the development of novel visible–NIR photon harnessing catalysts toward efficient solar energy utilization.
“Snowing” Graphene using Microwave Ovens
Authors: Sun Yangyong , Yang Liangwei , Xia Kailun , Liu Haizhou , Han Dong , Zhang Yingying , Zhang Jin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDeveloping a simple and industrially scalable method to produce graphene with high quality and low cost will determine graphene's future. The two conventional approaches, chemical vapor deposition and liquid‐phase exfoliation, require either costly substrates with limited production rate or complicated post treatment with limited quality, astricting their development. Herein, an extremely simple process is presented for synthesizing high quality graphene at low‐cost in the gas phase, similar to “snowing,” which is catalyst‐free, substrate‐free, and scalable. This is achieved by utilizing corona discharge of SiO2/Si in an ordinary household microwave oven at ambient pressure. High quality graphene flakes can “snow” on any substrate, with thin‐flakes even down to the monolayer. In particular, a high yield of ≈6.28% or a rate of up to ≈0.11 g h−1 can be achieved in a conventional microwave oven. It is demonstrated that the snowing process produces foam‐like, fluffy, 3D macroscopic architectures, which are further used in strain sensors for achieving high sensitivity (average gauge factor ≈ 171.06) and large workable strain range (0%–110%) simultaneously. It is foreseen that this facile and scalable strategy can be extended for “snowing” other functional 2D materials, benefiting their low‐cost production and wide applications.
Revealing Driving Forces in Quantum Dot Supercrystal Assembly
Authors: Marino Emanuele , Kodger Thomas E. , Wegdam Gerard H. , Schall Peter 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe assembly of semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum dots (QDs), into dense crystalline nanostructures holds great promise for future optoelectronic devices. However, knowledge of the sub‐nanometer scale driving forces underlying the kinetic processes of nucleation, growth, and final densification during QD assembly remains poor. Emulsion‐templated assembly has recently been shown to provide good control over the bulk condensation of QDs into highly ordered 3D supercrystals. Here, emulsion‐templated assembly is combined with in situ small‐angle X‐ray scattering to obtain direct insight into the nanoscale interactions underlying the nucleation, growth, and densification of QD supercrystals. At the point of supercrystal nucleation, nanoparticles undergo a hard‐sphere‐like crystallization into a hexagonal‐close‐packed lattice, slowly transforming into a face‐centered‐cubic lattice. The ligands play a crucial role in balancing steric repulsion against attractive van der Waals forces to mediate the initial equilibrium assembly, but cause the QDs to be progressively destabilized upon densification. The rich detail of this kinetic study elucidates the assembly and thermodynamic properties that define QD supercrystal fabrication approaching single‐crystal quality, paving the way toward their use in optoelectronic devices.
Edge‐Epitaxial Growth of 2D NbS2‐WS2 Lateral Metal‐Semiconductor Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Yu , Yin Lei , Chu Junwei , Shifa Tofik Ahmed , Xia Jing , Wang Feng , Wen Yao , Zhan Xueying , Wang Zhenxing , He Jun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract2D metal‐semiconductor heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered as intriguing building blocks for various fields, such as contact engineering and high‐frequency devices. Although, a series of p–n junctions utilizing semiconducting TMDs have been constructed hitherto, the realization of such a scheme using 2D metallic analogs has not been reported. Here, the synthesis of uniform monolayer metallic NbS2 on sapphire substrate with domain size reaching to a millimeter scale via a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route is demonstrated. More importantly, the epitaxial growth of NbS2‐WS2 lateral metal‐semiconductor heterostructures via a “two‐step” CVD method is realized. Both the lateral and vertical NbS2‐WS2 heterostructures are achieved here. Transmission electron microscopy studies reveal a clear chemical modulation with distinct interfaces. Raman and photoluminescence maps confirm the precisely controlled spatial modulation of the as‐grown NbS2‐WS2 heterostructures. The existence of the NbS2‐WS2 heterostructures is further manifested by electrical transport measurements. This work broadens the horizon of the in situ synthesis of TMD‐based heterostructures and enlightens the possibility of applications based on 2D metal‐semiconductor heterostructures.
Wet‐to‐Dry Hybrid Spinning of Graphene Fiber Inspired by Spider Silk Production Mechanisms
Authors: Lee Kyueui , Do Minjae , Seo Young Chang , Lee Haeshin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis study describes a graphene oxide (GO) fiber spinning method that produces a nearly 100% yield for converting a GO suspension into fibers. The fiber formation method is inspired by the spider silk spinning strategy. The dissolved silk protein, spidroin (wet state), is extruded and shear‐thinned through a posterior spinneret, exposing the silk to a dry state for curing. The wet‐to‐dry conversion in a spider spinneret enables nearly all the fiber precursor, spidroin, to be fabricated into a silk fiber with no loss of protein. Inspired by the process, a “wet‐to‐dry” hybrid spinning of GO is developed in which nearly all GOs are converted into fiber. At the liquid–liquid interface of two droplets containing GO and polyethyleneimine, the two oppositely charged components bind to each other in the wet state. Subsequently, one component touches and pulls the interfacial mixing point of the two droplets, forming a vertical, thin liquid column in which GO complexes experience shear force and directionally align into a thin fiber. Compared to existing wet‐spinning methods, this wet‐to‐dry method is highly energy efficient in terms of the simple procedure, lack of waste chemicals, and nearly 100% conversion of GO precursors.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Icosahedral PdPtNi/C Twin Crystal Catalyst with High Activity toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Cao Fengting , Liu Tao , Si Wenyan , Li Xichao , Sun Shimei , Sun Xiaolin , Niu Quanhai , Ohsaka Takeo , Wu Jianfei 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPt and Pt‐based alloys are still the mainstream electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) so far, which is an important process for fuel cell. Herein, for the first time ternary icosahedral nanocrystals supported on carbon PdPtNi/C are constructed by a facile one‐pot approach and are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic performance of the as‐prepared catalyst for ORR is evaluated in acid electrolyte and compared with the state‐of‐the‐art commercial Pt/C catalyst at identical condition. The icosahedral structure with 20 exposed {111} facets and twin boundaries are the distinguishing features of the PdPtNi/C nanoparticles, which enable them to be more active. The compressive strain effect and electronic interaction (ligand effect) of Pd, Pt, and Ni elements are also responsible for the excellent performance of the catalyst: the higher onset potential of ORR than that of commercial Pt/C, the outstanding specific activity and mass activity, which is about 9.59 and 5.40 times higher than those of commercial Pt/C at 0.90 VRHE, respectively, while 5.39 and 4.75 times higher at 0.85 VRHE, respectively. These results can promote the practical application of Pt‐based catalyst and thus accelerate the widespread commercialization of fuel cell technologies.
Compliance‐Mediated Topographic Oscillation of Polarized Light Triggered Liquid Crystal Coating
Authors: Hendrikx Matthew , Sırma Burcu , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Liu Danqing , Broer Dirk J. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe ability to induce oscillating surface topographies in light‐responsive liquid crystal networks on‐demand by light is interesting for applications in soft robotics, self‐cleaning surfaces, and haptics. However, the common height of these surface features is in the range of tens of nanometer, which limits their applications. Here a photoresponsive liquid crystal network coating with a patterned director motive exhibiting surface features that oscillate dynamically when addressed by light with modulated polarization is reported. By utilizing a compliant intermediate layer, the surface topographies increase with a factor 10, from roughly 70–100 nm to 1 µm. This increase in topography height is accompanied by a superimposed dynamic oscillation with an amplitude of ≈100 nm. These values can be translated to a 16.7% average static strain with 3.3% oscillations with respect to the coating thickness. Moreover, utilizing the complying support increases the maximum rotation speeds with an in‐phase response from 2.5 up to 25° s−1. However, at this maximized rotation speed the oscillation amplitude decreases to about half of the initial value.
Fabricating 3D Structures by Combining 2D Printing and Relaxation of Strain
Authors: Cafferty Brian J. , Campbell Victoria E. , Rothemund Philipp , Preston Daniel J. , Ainla Alar , Fulleringer Nicolas , Diaz Alina C. , Fuentes Alberto E. , Sameoto Dan , Lewis Jennifer A. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis paper describes the fabrication of elastomeric three‐dimensional (3D) structures starting from two‐dimensional (2D) sheets using a combination of direct‐ink printing and relaxation of strain. These structures are fabricated in a two‐step process: first, elastomeric inks are deposited as 2D structures on a stretched elastomeric sheet, and second, after curing of the elastomeric inks, relaxation of strain in the 2D sheet causes it to deform into a 3D shape. To predict bending of elastomeric objects fabricated with this technique, a simple mechanical model is developed. The strategy of using initially 2D materials to fabricate 3D structures offers four new features that complement digital fabrication techniques. (i) It provides a simple route to create shapes with complex curves, suspended features, and internal cavities. (ii) It is a faster method of fabricating some types of shapes than “conventional” 3D printing, because the features are printed in 2D. (iii) It forms surfaces that can be both smoother, and structured in a way that is not compatible with layer‐by‐layer processing. (iv) It forms structures that can be deformed reversibly after fabrication by reapplying strain. This paper demonstrates these features by fabrication of helices, structures inspired by cubes and tables, “pop‐up” structures, and soft grippers.
Polycyclic Indolines by an Acid‐Mediated Intramolecular Dearomative Strategy: Reversing Indole Reactivity in the Pictet‐Spengler‐Type Reaction
Authors: Ciccolini Cecilia , Mari Michele , Lucarini Simone , Mantellini Fabio , Piersanti Giovanni , Favi Gianfranco 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIndoline‐fused polycycles were synthesized through a TFA‐promoted intramolecular dearomative cyclization of indole‐tethered pyrroles. Mechanistically, the strategic carbon‐carbon bond formation is hypothesized to proceed via a Pictet‐Spengler‐type reaction wherein a reversal of conventional indole reactivity of tryptamine derivatives occurs. The synthetic versatility of this operationally simple, atom‐economic approach is demonstrated in the preparation of the pyrido[1,2‐a:3,4‐b′]diindole core of natural product homofascaplysin C.magnified image
Recent Advances in RNA Therapeutics and RNA Delivery Systems Based on Nanoparticles
Authors: Shin Hojeong , Park Se‐Jin , Yim Yeajee , Kim Jungho , Choi Chulwon , Won Cheolhee , Min Dal‐Hee 
Published: August 2018

AbstractRecently, there have been significant advances in the field of RNA‐based therapeutics harnessing exogenous RNAs including small interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA) mimics, and in vitro transcribed (IVT) mRNAs. RNA‐based therapeutics are one of the most attractive classes of drugs for treating a variety of diseases. In principle, RNA‐based therapeutics offer numerous advantages compared to the conventional small‐molecule‐based therapies. However, there are several drawbacks to overcome in the application of RNA‐based therapeutics, including the instability of RNAs and presence of various biological barriers. In the past decades, there have been various attempts to overcome these key challenges. Here, the authors present an overview of RNA‐based therapeutics and recent advances including their delivery systems and clinical applications. In addition, the current challenges of RNA‐based drugs are discussed, followed by perspectives with regard to the development of these promising drug candidates to elicit successful clinical outcomes.
Single‐agent ibrutinib versus chemoimmunotherapy regimens for treatment‐naïve patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: A cross‐trial comparison of phase 3 studies
Authors: Robak Tadeusz , Burger Jan A. , Tedeschi Alessandra , Barr Paul M. , Owen Carolyn , Bairey Osnat , Hillmen Peter , Simpson David , Grosicki Sebastian , Devereux Stephen , McCarthy Helen , Coutre Steven E. , Quach Hang , Gaidano Gianluca , Maslyak Zvenyslava , Stevens Don A. , Moreno Carol , Gill Devinder S. , Flinn Ian W. , Gribben John G. , Mokatrin Ahmad , Cheng Mei , Styles Lori , James Danelle F. , Kipps Thomas J. , Ghia Paolo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChemoimmunotherapy (CIT) and targeted therapy with single‐agent ibrutinib are both recommended first‐line treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), although their outcomes have not been directly compared. Using ibrutinib data from the RESONATE‐2 (PCYC‐1115/1116) study conducted in patients ≥65 years without del(17p), we performed a cross‐trial comparison with CIT data from published phase 3 studies in first‐line treatment of CLL. Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety data for ibrutinib (median follow‐up 35.7 months) were evaluated alongside available CIT data. CIT regimens included: fludarabine + cyclophosphamide + rituximab (CLL8, CLL10), bendamustine + rituximab (CLL10), obinutuzumab + chlorambucil and rituximab + chlorambucil (CLL11), and ofatumumab + chlorambucil (COMPLEMENT‐1). Median age across studies was 61‐74 years, with older populations receiving ibrutinib, obinutuzumab + chlorambucil, or rituximab + chlorambucil. Median follow‐up varied across studies/regimens (range 14.5‐37.4 months). Among all patients, PFS appeared longer with ibrutinib relative to CIT and OS appeared comparable. Relative to CIT studies that similarly excluded patients with del(17p) (CLL10) or enrolled older/less‐fit patients (CLL11), PFS appeared favorable for ibrutinib in high‐risk subgroups, including advanced disease, bulky lymph nodes, unmutated IGHV status, and presence of del(11q). Grade ≥ 3 infections ranged from 9% (ofatumumab + chlorambucil) to 40% (fludarabine + cyclophosphamide + rituximab), and was 25% with ibrutinib. Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia was 12% for ibrutinib and 26%‐84% for CIT. Although definitive conclusions cannot be made due to inherent limitations of cross‐trial comparisons, this report suggests that ibrutinib has a favorable benefit/risk profile and may potentially eliminate the need for chemotherapy in some patients. Randomized, comparative studies are needed to support these findings.
Outcomes of front‐line ibrutinib treated CLL patients excluded from landmark clinical trial
Authors: Mato Anthony R. , Roeker Lindsey E. , Allan John N. , Pagel John M. , Brander Danielle M. , Hill Brian T. , Cheson Bruce D. , Furman Richard R. , Lamanna Nicole , Tam Constantine S. , Handunnetti Sasanka , Jacobs Ryan , Lansigan Frederick , Bhavsar Erica , Barr Paul M. , Shadman Mazyar , Skarbnik Alan P. , Goy Andre , Beach Douglas F. , Svoboda Jakub , Pu Jeffrey J. , Sehgal Alison R. , Zent Clive S. , Tuncer Hande H. , Schuster Stephen J. , Pickens Peter V. , Shah Nirav N. , Rhodes Joanna , Ujjani Chaitra S. , Nabhan Chadi 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIbrutinib demonstrated superior response rates and survival for treatment‐naïve chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients in a pivotal study that excluded patients younger than 65 (<65) and/or with chromosome 17p13 deletion (del[17p13]). We examined outcomes and toxicities of CLL patients who would have been excluded from the pivotal study, specifically <65 and/or those with del[17p13]. This multicenter, retrospective cohort study examined CLL patients treated with front‐line ibrutinib at 20 community and academic centers, categorizing them based on key inclusion criteria for the RESONATE‐2 trial: <65 vs ≥65 and present vs absent del[17p13]. Of 391 included patients, 57% would have been excluded from the pivotal study. Forty‐one percent of our cohort was <65, and 30% had del(17p13). Patients <65 were more likely to start 420 mg of ibrutinib daily; those who started at reduced doses had inferior PFS. The most common adverse events were arthralgias, fatigue, rash, bruising, and diarrhea. Twenty‐four percent discontinued ibrutinib at 13.8 months median follow‐up; toxicity was the most common reason for discontinuation, though progression and/or transformation accounted for a larger proportion of discontinuations in <65 and those with del(17p13). Response rates were similar for <65 and those with del(17p13). However, patients with del(17p13) had inferior PFS and OS. Ibrutinib in the front‐line setting has extended beyond the population in which it was initially studied and approved. This study highlights and compares important differences in ibrutinib dosing, treatment interruptions, toxicities, reasons for discontinuation, and survival outcomes in two important patient populations not studied in RESONATE‐2.
Relationship between fat distribution and cardiometabolic risk in Hispanic girls
Authors: Hetherington‐Rauth Megan , Bea Jennifer W. , Lee Vinson R. , Blew Robert M. , Funk Janet L. , Lohman Timothy G. , Going Scott B. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveIn adults, certain body fat depots have greater impact on cardiometabolic risk than total adiposity. Whether similar relationships exist in children is uncertain. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measures of body fat distribution and total body adiposity with cardiometabolic risk factors in Hispanic girls.MethodsMeasures of total percent body fat, percent of total fat within the android, gynoid, leg, and trunk regions, and cardiometabolic biomarkers (insulin, glucose, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), triglycerides (TG), low and high lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C, HDL‐C)) were obtained from 232 Hispanic girls (age 10.7 ±1.1 years). Regression models for each metabolic parameter were run against adiposity measures. Partial correlations of the adiposity measures were used to compare associations between adiposity measures and the cardiometabolic risk factors, controlling for somatic maturation.ResultsTotal and regional adiposity were significantly related with cardiometabolic risk factors (P < 0.05) except fasting glucose. The partial correlations of total and regional adiposity measures with each cardiometabolic biomarker were similar. More variance was explained for insulin and the HOMA‐IR (33%‐43%) than other risk factors. Partial correlations for the percentage of total fat in the gynoid and leg regions with insulin, HOMA‐IR, TG, and LDL‐C were negative, and positive with HDL‐C.ConclusionMeasures of total and regional fat perform similarly in predicting cardiometabolic risk in Hispanic girls. A higher proportion of fat distributed in the gynoid or leg region is associated with lower cardiometabolic risk.
The relationship of maximal oxygen consumption to bone mineral density in Iranian young women
Authors: Arazi Hamid , Eghbali Ehsan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Iranian young women.MethodsIranian young women (n = 127), aged 24–36 years, participated in this study. Body weight and height were measured, and body mass index was calculated. VO2max was determined by the Rackport test. In addition, blood levels of calcium and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were evaluated, and a dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry device was used to measure BMD in the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (FN).ResultsResults showed a significant relationship between VO2max with LS and FN BMDs (LS: r = .50 and .59, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher levels of VO2max predicted higher BMD LS and FN.ConclusionBased on the results, the researchers concluded that VO2max is a useful indirect marker for BMD in young women. Also, it seems that VO2max may be able to predict the potential for osteoporosis in Iranian young women.
Copper Catalysts Unleashing the Potential for Hydrogenation of Carbon−Oxygen Bonds
Authors: Watari Ryo , Kayaki Yoshihito 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe catalytic hydrogenation of carbon−oxygen bonds by copper‐based catalysts has made significant progress in the past decade. Broad carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, and CO2 have been subjected to heterogeneous and homogeneous catalytic systems. Although heterogeneous copper catalysts have been used in established industrial hydrogenation processes, recent catalyst design focusing on (i) novel supports, (ii) controlled nanostructure of copper species, and (iii) bimetallic active site in combination with copper have improved the productivity of the desired reduction products. With regard to homogeneous catalysts, phosphine‐coordinated copper complexes have been utilized in chemo‐ and enantioselective hydrogenation. In addition to the phosphorus ligand effect, several sp2‐nitrogen bases have recently been explored as beneficial promoters of CO2 hydrogenation.