bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining giant mandibular ameloblastomas – Is a separate clinical sub-entity warranted?
Authors: Kanoi Aditya V. , Banerjee Tibar , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Sarkar Arindam , Kanoi Pooja , Saha Sushovan 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Context: The term giant mandibular ameloblastoma (GMAs) while being in popular usage in the medical literature remains largely equivocal. Although a few authors have in the past attempted to ascribe definite criteria to this entity, these are by and large arbitrary and without any benefit in decision-making or contributing to its management. Aims: The aim of this study is to propose a set of objective criteria for GMAs that can be clinically correlated and thereby aid in the management of this entity. Patients and Methods: Of a total of 16 patients with ameloblastoma of the mandible presenting at our institute from August 2012 to September 2016, 11 patients were identified as having GMAs as per the criteria proposed. Results: The defects in the mandible following segmental resection ranged from 7 to 11.5 cm in length (mean: 9.3 cm). No clinical or radiological evidence of tumour recurrence was found during a mean follow-up period of 10.7 months (range: 2–28 months). Conclusions: Defining GMA based on objective inclusion and exclusion criteria allows segregation of these lesions, thereby helping to remove ambiguity, simplify decision-making and facilitate communication among treating reconstructive surgeons. Inclusion criteria include: (i) The segmental bone defect following resection with a minimum 1 cm margin of healthy bone should exceed 6 cm (ii) The segmental bone defect should involve the central mandibular segment.
Adipofascial perforator flaps: Its role in reconstruction of soft-tissue defects of lower leg and ankle
Authors: Nanda Deepak , Sahu Shamendra Anand , Karki Durga , Kumar Sanjay , Mandal Amrita 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Despite advances in surgical skills, adipofascial flaps are still less preferred option for coverage of leg defect. We evaluate the use of perforator-based adipofascial flap in small-to-medium-sized soft-tissue defects in the lower limb. Patients and Methods: After localisation of perforators along the major axial vessels in the lower limb using handheld Doppler, adipofascial flap based on the nearest best perforator of anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery and peroneal artery was raised to cover soft-tissue defect in 21 patients. The flap was transposed over the defect and covered by split-skin graft. Donor site was primarily closed. Flap complications, functional and aesthetic outcomes are noted in follow-up. Results: There was partial loss of flap in five patients. After debridement and dressings, split-skin grafting was done for four patients and one patient was managed with local flap. Scar over the flap was stable with no reports of recurrent ulceration or breakdown of wound in 6-month follow-up. Four of five patients reported adequate healing of the fractured bone. Average visual analogue score was 8.24/10 for appearance of donor site as evaluated by the patient. Conclusions: Perforator-based adipofascial flap is a good alternative for coverage of small-to-medium-sized soft-tissue defect of the leg, particularly over the malleolus and lower part of the leg. Use of adipofascial tissue and primary closure of the donor site causes minimal donor-site morbidity. Adipofascial perforator flap provides aesthetically superior recipient-site scar with satisfactory functional outcome.
An important superficial vein of the radial aspect of the forearm: An anatomical study
Authors: Vathulya Madhubari , Ansari Mohd Salahuddin 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The superficial veins of upper limbs are seldom talked about. They are always avoided quoting them to be variable in anatomy. Other than the cephalic and basilic veins, no other superficial vein has caught the eyes of anatomists and other health professionals significantly. This article tries to explain the importance of a superficial vein that closely traces the radial vessels and explains its possible use in microvascular reconstruction. Materials and Methods: The forelimbs of 26 upper limbs of fresh frozen cadavers were dissected out. The anatomy of the superficial vein that follows the radial vessels was traced out from wrist to cubital fossa. Their relation to the deep venous system and cephalic veins was followed and documented. Results: All the 26 upper limbs showed the existence of the superficial vein that follows the radial vessels. The study also revealed the existence of venous perforators which are in turn the communication channels between the deep and superficial venous systems. Conclusion: The existence of the surface vein can logically hold an explanation for flap failure or success when one vein anastomosis is contemplated for radial forearm-free tissue transfers.
Outcomes following pharyngeal reconstruction in total laryngectomy – Institutional experience and review of literature
Authors: Balasubramanian Deepak , Subramaniam Narayana , Rathod Priyank , Murthy Samskruthi , Sharma Mohit , Mathew Jimmy , Thankappan Krishnakumar , Iyer Subramania 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Pharyngeal reconstruction is a challenging aspect of reconstruction after resections for head-and-neck cancer. The goals of reconstruction are to restore the continuity of the pharyngeal passage to enable oral alimentation and rehabilitation of speech wherever possible. This study was performed to determine the outcomes following pharyngeal reconstruction in total laryngectomy (TL) using different reconstructive options and to determine the predictors of pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) and swallowing dysfunction. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of patient data between 2003 and 2010 of patients undergoing TL with partial or total pharyngectomy. Demographic and treatment details were collected and analysed. Univariate analysis was performed to determine predictors of PCF and swallowing dysfunction. Results: Fifty-seven patients underwent pharyngeal reconstruction following TL, 31 of whom had received prior treatment. Following tumour resection, 31 patients had circumferential defects and 26 patients had partial pharyngeal defects. The flaps used include pectoralis major myocutaneous flap (n = 29), anterolateral thigh flap (n = 8), gastric pull-up (n = 13) and free jejunal flap (n = 7). PCF was seen in 20 patients, of which 15 (75%) were managed conservatively and 5 required another surgery. At last follow-up, 99 patients (68%) were on full oral alimentation. Tracheo-oesophageal puncture and prosthesis insertion was done in 20 patients, of whom 17 (85%) developed satisfactory speech. Partial pharyngeal defects were associated with a higher risk of PCF on univariate analysis (P = 0.006) but were not significant on multivariate analysis. Post-operative swallowing dysfunction was significantly higher with hypopharyngeal involvement by tumour (P = 0.003). Conclusion: Pharyngeal reconstruction in TL is feasible with good results. Majority of the patients swallow and regain acceptable swallowing function within 3 months.
The prevalence of problem gambling and gambling-related behaviours among older adults in Ontario
Authors: Van der Maas Mark , Mann Robert E , Turner Nigel E , Matheson Flora I , Hamilton Hayley A , McCready John 
Published: October 2018

As the proportion of Canadians over the age of 55 continues to rise, it accordingly becomes increasingly important to understand the implications that their leisure activities have for their physical and mental health. Gambling is a form of leisure that presents relatively high risk for its participants and remains a popular leisure pursuit among older adults. The current study uses a representative survey of 2,187 adults over the age of 55 in Ontario to explore problem gambling and gambling-related behaviours among older adults. The findings show that 1.8% of the population over the age 55 were classified as experiencing moderate-to-severe problem gambling. While differences across sex were observed in types of gambling, attitudes towards gambling, and frequency of gambling, no significance difference in problem gambling was observed. Findings are discussed in relation to previous findings on older adults’ gambling patterns and their implications for mental, physical and financial well-being.RésuméAvec la constante augmentation de la proportion de Canadiens âgés de plus de 55 ans, il devient de plus en plus important de comprendre les répercussions qu’ont leurs activités de loisir sur leur santé physique et mentale. Le jeu est une forme de loisir qui présente un risque relativement élevé chez les personnes qui s’y adonnent et demeure un loisir populaire chez les personnes plus âgées. L’étude en question a utilisé un sondage représentatif auprès de 2187 adultes âgés de plus de 55 ans en Ontario pour explorer le jeu problématique et les comportements liés au jeu chez les personnes plus âgées. Les résultats montrent que 1,8 % de la population âgée de plus de 55 ans a été classée comme ayant un problème de jeu, de modéré à grave. Bien que des différences entre les sexes aient été observées dans les types de jeu, les attitudes à l’égard du jeu et la fréquence, aucune différence significative n’a été observée dans le jeu problématique. Les résultats sont examinés en lien avec des conclusions antérieures sur les habitudes de jeu des personnes plus âgées et leurs répercussions sur le bien-être mental, physique et financier.
Withdrawn: Book Review: Exploring the Question of Reincarnation in African Philosophy within an Intracultural and Intercultural Context
Authors: Agada Ada 
Published: October 2018

There was a mix-up during the publication process. The Book Review file that was supposed to be part of this Vol 7 No 2 was mistakenly switched for the one that was published in Vol 7 No 1. We are withdrawing this Book Review piece because it has already been published in Vol 7 No 1.Book Title: Reincarnation: A Question in the African Philosophy of MindBook Author: Hasskei M. MajeedUNISA Press. Pages: 275. Year of Publication: 2017
El complejo tránsito al Postestructuralismo
Authors: Barrera Puigdollers José Manuel 
Published: October 2018

<p> </p><p><span>D</span>esde los años 70 observamos un predominio de los procesos, las cartografías cognitivas, o los mapas de respuestas, que se acomodaban en forma creativa a los “sujetos de la disciplina”. En la actualidad se está describiendo al nuevo ciudadano como “sujeto de la rentabilidad” contemporánea. Esto significa que ya se están superando las condiciones que motivaron el tránsito del estructuralismo al post estructuralismo, y ni siquiera lo hemos comprendido. Esta velocidad nos obliga a revisar su trasfondo. Tomaremos como referencia la arquitectura industrializada, por ser la más restrictiva. Destacamos la siguiente estructura: evolución de la arquitectura industrial hasta alcanzar la arquitectura de procesos; implementación de la teoría critica en sus dos vertientes, la general y la radical o pos metafísica, que pretendiendo objetivos semejantes da resultados distintos; revisión de las topologías estándar de articulación de soluciones, que mayoritariamente agrupan sin matices ambas; y ejemplificación en una obra industrial de tales matices. Debates que presentan dos cuestiones comunes de fondo: en primer lugar, la superación de las antinomias que presentan y comunican estos sistemas industriales, especialmente la antinomia sujeto-objeto, a través de la alteridad y, en segundo lugar, la construcción –con estas reglas de la industria–, de una obra abierta; que conduce por un lado a una hermenéutica dialéctica y por otro a la <em>difference </em>y la <em>differance</em>, que permite entender el proyecto como “partitura” y con ello superar la condición de “obra abierta”.</p>
Structure and dynamics of mesoscale eddies over the Laptev Sea continental slope in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Pnyushkov Andrey , Polyakov Igor V. , Padman Laurie , Nguyen An T. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Heat fluxes steered by mesoscale eddies may be a significant, but still not
quantified, source of heat to the surface mixed layer and sea ice cover in
the Arctic Ocean, as well as a source of nutrients for enhancing seasonal
productivity in the near-surface layers. Here we use 4 years (2007–2011)
of velocity and hydrography records from a moored profiler over the Laptev
Sea slope and 15 months (2008–2009) of acoustic Doppler current profiler
data from a nearby mooring to investigate the structure and dynamics of
eddies at the continental margin of the eastern Eurasian Basin. Typical eddy
scales are radii of the order of 10 km, heights of 600 m, and
maximum velocities of ∼0.1 m s−1. Eddies are
approximately equally divided between cyclonic and anticyclonic
polarizations, contrary to prior observations from the deep basins and along
the Lomonosov Ridge. Eddies are present in the mooring records about 20 %–25 % of the time,
taking about 1 week to pass through the mooring at an
average frequency of about one eddy per month. We found that the eddies observed are formed in two distinct regions – near Fram
Strait, where the western branch of Atlantic Water (AW) enters the Arctic
Ocean, and near Severnaya Zemlya, where the Fram Strait and Barents Sea
branches of the AW inflow merge. These eddies, embedded in the Arctic
Circumpolar Boundary Current, carry anomalous water properties along the
eastern Arctic continental slope. The enhanced diapycnal mixing that we
found within EB eddies suggests a potentially important role for eddies in
the vertical redistribution of heat in the Arctic Ocean interior.
Confidence in eating disorder knowledge does not predict actual knowledge in collegiate female athletes
Authors: Rosa-Caldwell Megan E. , Todden Christopher , Caldwell Aaron R. , Breithaupt Lauren E. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Eating disorders are serious psychological disorders with long term health impacts. Athletic populations, tend to have higher incidences of eating disorders compared to the general population. Yet there is little known about athletes’ eating disorder knowledge and how it relates to their confidence in their knowledge. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate collegiate female athletes’ eating disorder (ED) knowledge and confidence in their knowledge. 51 participants were recruited from a National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) university in the mid-west and asked to complete a 30-question exam assessing one’s knowledge of five different categories related to eating disorders. Confidence in the correctness of answers was assessed with a 5-point Likert-scale (1 = very unconfident, 5 = very confident). A one-way ANOVA was used to determine differences between scores on different categories and overall scores. A simple regression analysis was used to determine if confidence or age was predictive in knowledge scores.

Results
The average score of participants was 69.1%, SD = 10.8% with an average confidence of 3.69/5, SD = 0.33. Athletes scored lowest with regards to Identifying Signs and Symptoms of EDs compared to other sub-scores (p < 0.05). There was no relationship between knowledge and confidence scores.

Discussion
There is limited ED knowledge among collegiate female athletes. This may be problematic as many athletes appear confident in the correctness of their answers despite these low scores. Coaches should be aware of this lack of knowledge and work with clinical practitioners, such as dieticians, team physicians and athletic trainers to educate and monitor their athletes on eating disorders, specifically signs and symptoms.
Effects of sleep deprivation on executive functioning, cognitive abilities, metacognitive confidence, and decision making
Authors: Aidman Eugene , Jackson Simon A. , Kleitman Sabina 
Published: October 2018

SummaryPerformance on many decision‐making tasks is underpinned by metacognitive monitoring, cognitive abilities, and executive functioning. Fatigue‐inducing conditions, such as sleep loss, compromise these factors, leading to decline in decision performance. Using a 40‐hr sleep deprivation protocol, we examined these factors and the resulting decision performance. Thirteen Australian Army male volunteers (aged 20–30 years) were tested at multiple time points on psychomotor vigilance, inhibitory control, task switching, working memory, short‐term memory, fluid intelligence, and decision accuracy and confidence in a medical diagnosis‐making test. Assessment took place in the morning and night over two consecutive days, during which participants were kept awake. Consistent with previous work, cognitive performance declined after a night without sleep. Extending previous findings, self‐regulation and self‐monitoring suffered significantly greater declines immediately after the sleepless night. These results indicate that the known decline in complex decision‐making performance under fatigue‐inducing conditions might be facilitated by metacognitive rather than cognitive mechanisms.
Dual Functions of Crystallization Control and Defect Passivation Enabled by Sulfonic Zwitterions for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Xiaopeng , Deng Yehao , Chen Bo , Wei Haotong , Xiao Xun , Fang Yanjun , Lin Yuze , Yu Zhenhua , Liu Ye , Wang Qi , Huang Jinsong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractUniform and high‐electronic‐quality perovskite thin films are essential for high‐performance perovskite devices. Here, it is shown that the 3‐(decyldimethylammonio)‐propane‐sulfonate inner salt (DPSI), which is a sulfonic zwitterion, plays dual roles in tuning the crystallization behavior and passivating the defects of perovskites. The synergistic effect of crystallization control and defect passivation remarkably suppresses pinhole formation, reduces the charge trap density, and lengthens the carrier recombination lifetime, and thereafter boosts the small‐area (0.08 cm2) planar perovskite device efficiency to 21.1% and enables a high efficiency of 18.3% for blade‐coating large‐area (1 cm2) devices. The device also shows good light stability, which remains at 88% of the initial efficiency under continuous unfiltered AM 1.5G light illumination for 480 h. These findings provide an avenue for simultaneous crystallization control and defect passivation to further improve the performance of perovskite devices.
Atomically Thin 2D Transition Metal Oxides: Structural Reconstruction, Interaction with Substrates, and Potential Applications
Authors: Yang Tong , Song Ting Ting , Callsen Martin , Zhou Jun , Chai Jian Wei , Feng Yuan Ping , Wang Shi Jie , Yang Ming 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe discovery of graphene has stimulated dramatic research interest on other 2D materials including transition metal oxide (TMO) monolayers in order to realize novel functionalization and applications. Due to reduced bonding coordination and strong surface polarization, the structures of most TMOs in the monolayer limit are very different from their bulk counterparts, as well as their physical and chemical properties. In this brief review, the authors summarize recent research progress on atomically thin TMO layers. The focus is on the structural properties of the TMOs and their interaction with the substrates from the computational point of view. The authors also introduce the potential applications of the TMO 2D materials on supercapacitors, photocatalysts, batteries, and sensors.
A New Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Horseradish Peroxidase Hybrid Nano–Bio Artificial Catalytic System for Unselective Degradation of Persistent Phenolic Pollutants
Authors: Li Chunmei , Yu Siyu , Gu Lei , Han Juan , Dong Hongjun , Wang Yun , Chen Gang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt has always been a challenge to fabricate artificial catalytic system as one promising strategy of using solar energy for chemical synthesis, fuel production, electrochemical detection, pollutant degradation, etc. Here a new g‐C3N4/horseradish peroxidase hybrid nano–bio artificial catalytic system is exploited. The coupling effect between photocatalysis and biocatalysis cycles not only forcefully improves the separation efficiency of charge carriers but also continuously produces more OH active species, finally realizing high‐efficiency and unselective degradation of various persistent phenolic pollutants, such as bisphenol A, phenol, p‐nitrophenol, and 2‐naphthol. This work provides an innovative design idea to fabricate general artificial catalytic system that may be widely used in treatment of organic pollutants.
Surface Modifying Doped Silicon Nanowire Based Solar Cells for Applications in Biosensing
Authors: Smith Rasheid , Duan Wenqi , Quarterman Juliana , Morris Angie , Collie Ceryce , Black Marcie , Toor Fatima , Salem Aliasger K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThere is a growing demand for biosensors that are reliable, accurate, rapid, and cost effective. Appropriately functionalized silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have offered an alternative to the gold standards of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based detection of proteins and DNA, respectively, by offering rapid label‐free accurate detection of analytes. However, a major barrier limiting the progression of this technology is the cost of fabricating uniform functional nanowires (NWs) for biosensing and electrically contacting these NWs. Preliminary results are presented demonstrating the feasibility of a novel class of SiNW‐based biosensor, which alleviates these issues. The SiNW‐based biosensor presented here uses a SiNW‐based solar cell (SiNW‐SC) as a transducing element. It is demonstrated that SiNW‐SCs can be modified by anchoring monoclonal antibodies specific for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) to the surface of SiNW‐SCs. This surface modification allows for an increase in binding of PSA to the SiNW structures, which causes an increase in short‐circuit density of SiNW‐SCs when exposed to light and PSA. This paves the way for the development of a novel class of SiNW‐based biosensors using surface modification of SiNW‐SCs.
Functionalized Cellulose‐Co(II)‐Bis‐Terpyridine Hybrid Material as Colorimetric Sensor for Micromolar Aqueous Cyanide
Authors: Collins Cameron C. , Regalado‐Love Sean , Portillo Romeo I. , Boston David J. , Shores Matthew P. , Bhowmick Indrani 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA novel surface modification approach is taken to cyanide‐sensing by using functionalized cellulose surface that is chemically modified by immobilizing cobalt(II)‐bis‐terpyridine complex on it. The cobalt(II)‐bis‐tpy complex can exhibit selective “naked eye” colorimetric detection of micromolar level cyanide in aqueous solution, where the visible red‐orange color of cobalt(II)‐bis‐tpy complex solution (aqueous) disappears in the presence of cyanide ions. In order to make the sensor more proficient and easy to use, these cobalt(II)‐bis‐tpy molecules are chemically grafted on the surface of microcrystalline cellulose and cellulose paper, which turns the color of functionalized cellulose orange‐red. Both of these colored cellulose powder and paper exhibit color loss in 10−6m aqueous solution of potassium cyanide. This functionalized hybrid inorganic–organic paper offers an easy “dip and detect” cyanide sensing.