bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
It matters how you google it? Using agent-based testing to assess the impact of user choices in search queries and algorithmic personalization on political Google Search results
Authors: van Hoof Marieke , Trilling Damian , Moeller Judith , Meppelink Corine S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Search engines, as key sources of political information, have sparked concerns regarding selective exposure driven by user choices based on political beliefs and filter bubbles created by algorithms. This study focuses on the most influential yet often-overlooked user choice: search queries. We investigate the extent to which user choices (search queries) and algorithmic personalization (search history) lead to divergent search results. Building on research linking immigration- and climate-related search queries to political characteristics, we conduct an experiment on Google Search employing agent-based testing. Using computational methods, we examine variations in search results by source (type) and search result page features. Our findings show that it is the specific search queries made by users, not algorithmic personalization, that lead to substantially divergent information sources in search results. This suggests future research should prioritize user choices in information search rather than control for them.
Risk Perception: Measurement and Aggregation
Authors: Netzer Nick , Robson Arthur , Steiner Jakub , Kocourek Pavel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In a model inspired by neuroscience, we study choice between lotteries as a process of encoding and decoding noisy perceptual signals. The implications of this process for behavior depend on the decision-maker’s understanding of risk. When the aggregation of perceptual signals is coarse, encoding and decoding generate behavioral risk attitudes even for vanishing perceptual noise. We show that the optimal encoding of lottery rewards is S-shaped and that low-probability events are optimally oversampled. Taken together, the model can explain adaptive-risk attitudes and probability weighting, as in prospect theory. Furthermore, it predicts that risk attitudes are influenced by the anticipation of risk, time pressure, experience, salience, and availability heuristics.
The effect of foreign investors on local housing markets: evidence from the UK
Authors: Sá Filipa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
I use administrative data on properties owned by overseas companies to study the effect of foreign investment on house prices, affordability, construction, and vacant properties in England and Wales. To address endogeneity, I construct an instrument for foreign investment based on political conditions abroad. I find that foreign investment increases house prices. This effect is stronger for more expensive homes but is present at all points of the distribution. Foreign investment reduces affordability and the number of vacant dwellings but has no effect on construction. There is no evidence of heterogenous effects across areas with different housing supply elasticities, since construction is unresponsive even in high-elasticity areas.
Preoperative quantitative imaging use in predicting intraoperative decision for hip labral repair versus reconstruction
Authors: Alder Catherine C , Wait Trevor J , Wipf Caleb J , Keeter Carson L , Peszek Adam , Mayer Stephanie W , Ho Charles P , Orahovats Alexandra , Genuario James W 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Intraoperative assessment of labral quality determines arthroscopic repair versus reconstruction for hip labral tear treatment. T2 mapping technology discriminates between healthy and damaged cartilage. This study investigated if T2 mapping magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can preoperatively predict labral repair versus reconstruction. This retrospective comparative study included patients with preoperative T2 mapping MRI who underwent hip labral repair or reconstruction at a single institution between March 2021 and February 2023. Three reviewers using Syngo.via recorded average T2 mapping values for the labrum, acetabular cartilage, and femoral cartilage on patients’ sagittal cut. Intraclass correlation values estimated rater agreement of T2 values. T2 means were compared using t-tests. Three Bayesian regression models were created, separately analyzing the labrum, acetabular cartilage, and femoral cartilage mapping values. The 95% credible intervals determined the significance of regression coefficients. A total of 63 operations were included: 14 reconstructions and 49 repairs. Participants were 14- to 50-years-old, with 35 females and 28 males. There was excellent agreement among raters for T2 measurements. There was no significant difference in average T2 values between the repair and reconstruction groups. All three models showed that the odds of labral reconstruction were negatively associated with T2 mapping values, positively associated with age, and increased in males. Preoperative T2 mapping values from the labrum, acetabular, and femoral cartilage are negatively associated with the odds of needing a labral reconstruction. Increased age and being male are associated with increased odds of needing a labral reconstruction. This study will allow further evaluation into other variables that predict labral repair versus reconstruction.
A reputational perspective on structural reforms: how media reputations are related to the structural reform likelihood of public agencies
Authors: Boon Jan , Wynen Jan , Verhoest Koen , Daelemans Walter , Lemmens Jens 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite recurrent observations that media reputations of agencies matter to understand their reform experiences, no studies have theorized and tested the role of sentiment. This study uses novel and advanced BERT language models to detect attributions of responsibility for positive/negative outcomes in media coverage towards 14 Flemish (Belgian) agencies between 2000 and 2015 through supervised machine learning, and connects these data to the Belgian State Administration Database on the structural reforms these agencies experienced. Our results reflect an inverted U-shaped relationship: more negative reputations increase the reform likelihood of agencies, yet up to a certain point at which the reform likelihood drops again. Variations in positive and neutral reputational signals do not impact the reform likelihood of agencies. Our study contributes to understanding the role of reputation as an antecedent of structural reforms. Complementing and enriching existing perspectives, the paper shows how the sentiment in reputational signals accumulates and informs political–administrative decision-makers to engage in structural reforms.
Cost-effectiveness of ceftazidime/avibactam for infections due to carbapenem-resistant bacteria: analysis in Ecuadorian context
Authors: Bolaños-Díaz Rafael , Moreno Cristina , Salazar Grace , Fandiño Cecil , Torres Luis-Carlos , Sanabria-Montañez César 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Aim
To analyze the cost-effectiveness of ceftazidime/avibactam-based therapy (CAZ/AVI) versus colistin-based therapy (COL) for pneumonia/bacteremia caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales adjusted to the Ecuador context.

Methods
A Markov decision model was extrapolated from literature. The analysis had a 5-year time horizon from the Ecuadorian Ministry of Health (MoH) perspective. The model is composed of five health states: (i) Pneumonia/bacteriemia, (ii) Home discharge (iii) Long-term care discharge (LTC), (iv) LTC with chronic dialysis, and (v) Death. The entire hypothetical cohort starts the Markov process in the pneumonia/bacteriemia state; then it can transit through the other health states according to transition probabilities. Patients who survive the acute infection state may develop nephrotoxicity, which could need renal replacement therapy for short- or long-term.

Results
The base case estimated for CAZ/AVI treatment an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of 10 273 USD per QALY gained, with an average incremental cost of USD 5489 and 0.5343 incremental QALYs for each patient during the 5-year time horizon. This deterministic ICER is equivalent to 1.5 the value of 1 GDP per capita in Ecuador.

Conclusions
CAZ/AVI showed a 92% probability of being cost-effective compared to treatment with COL, considering a maximum payment availability of USD 13 000 in the Ecuadorian context.
Protein phosphatase 2A inhibitors: a possible pharmacotherapy for benzodiazepine dependence
Authors: Kobayashi Chisa , Kitanaka Nobue , Nakai Masanori , Hall F Scott , Tomita Kazuo , Igarashi Kento , Sato Tomoaki , Uhl George R , Kitanaka Junichi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Benzodiazepines (BZDs) activate the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) subtype A (GABAA) receptors, and thus are widely used medicines for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. For chronic use, tolerance to BZDs is a major problem. Patients with chronic insomnia that develop tolerance to BZDs lose therapeutic effects but also potentially suffer from BZD dependence resulting in BZD withdrawal. The development of such treatments is important for the appropriate use of BZDs.

Methods
Research articles regarding investigation of BZD dependence were searched on PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases using keywords “benzodiazepine”, “dependence”, “treatment”.

Key findings
When BZDs are taken chronically, continuous GABAA binding results in up-regulation of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-lisoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) glutamate receptor function and release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Released BDNF binds to its specific receptor tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB). Enhanced BDNF-TrkB signaling activates protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Activated PP2A dephosphorylates GABAA receptors, resulting in the downregulation of the GABAA receptor function. Reduced GABAA receptor function augments long-term potentiation (LTP), AMPA-mediated glutamatergic neuroplasticity, by reducing LTP inhibition by GABAA receptor function. Augmented LTP enhances extreme anxiety, which leads to BZD dependence.

Conclusion
Therefore, iInhibiting dephosphorylation of the GABAA receptor by PP2A, PP2A inhibitors could reduce LTP and anxiety, restoring BZD effectiveness and resulting in possible therapeutic effects for BZD dependence.
Pelvic floor and sexual dysfunctions after genital gender-affirming surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dominoni Mattia , Scatigno Annachiara Licia , Pasquali Marianna Francesca , Bergante Carola , Gariboldi Fulvio , Gardella Barbara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Genital gender-affirming surgery has become a crucial step in the transitioning process of numerous transgender people.

Aim
To highlight the consequences of genital gender-affirming surgery on pelvic floor function in transgender people.

Methods
Medical databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) were consulted according to a combination of keywords. All papers published up to February 29, 2024 were considered. Two reviewers independently screened the abstracts of the selected studies and extracted data from the full-text articles included. Data were subsequently tabulated and compared for consistency. The bias associated with each included study was evaluated according to the Observational Study Quality Evaluation (OSQE) method. This study is registered on PROSPERO number CRD42024522580.

Outcomes
Pelvic floor dysfunctions in individuals who undergo gender-affirming surgery, factors that may be involved in the increased prevalence of these dysfunctions and perspectives of treatment of the complications through pelvic floor physical therapy.

Results
Twenty-five papers were considered for systematic review, while 17 studies were included for meta-analysis. There was significant statistical heterogeneity across the included studies. Among transwomen who had undergone vaginoplasty, pelvic organ prolapse occurred in 1%-7.5% of patients, urinary incontinence affected up to 15% of patients, while urinary irritative symptoms up to 20%. Sexual dysfunctions were reported by 25%-75% of patients. Among transmen who underwent hysterectomy and phalloplasty, pelvic organ prolapse occurred in 3.8% of patients, urinary incontinence affected up to 50% of patients, while urinary irritative symptoms up to 37%. Finally, sexual dysfunctions were reported by 54% of patients.

Clinical Implications
The findings of this study could be helpful for transgender patients pre-operative counselling.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis about pelvic floor dysfunctions in transgender people undergoing genital gender-affirming surgery. The main limitations are the limited number of studies included and their heterogeneity.

Conclusion
Pelvic floor dysfunctions following genital gender-affirming surgery are an emerging issue. Adequate information for each surgical procedure, explicit postoperative instructions, continuity of care, communication with healthcare providers, and recommendation for tailored perioperative pelvic floor physiotherapy are necessary for a better surgical result.
Penile constriction devices: a randomized survey study to compare preferences between two medical-grade devices
Authors: Rendon Daniela Orozco , Saffati Gal , Whitehead Christine , Zuckerman Caroline , Hom Amy , Daily Riley , Khera Mohit , Cheng Philip J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Penile constriction devices offer a noninvasive approach to enhance the sexual experience and as the variety of penile constriction devices increases, it is crucial to assess patient preferences and device effectiveness to provide insights into their clinical utility.

Aim
We aimed to compare the preferences for and effectiveness of two medical-grade penile constriction devices: Eddie by Giddy and FirmTech.

Methods
Between May and July of 2023, males were recruited via social media and prospectively enrolled into an Institutional Review Board-approved, randomized, questionnaire-based study. Upon enrollment, the participants completed the Sexual Health Inventory for Men and Androgen Deficiency in Aging Males questionnaires. Participants were randomized to which device they received first. They used the device twice either during masturbation or intercourse in a two-week timeframe. Once utilized, the participants completed a 17-question, Likert scale, device satisfaction questionnaire, in which lower numbers indicated positive responses. The process was repeated with the second device. T-test and Chi-Square Analysis were run for statistical analysis.

Outcomes
The primary outcomes of this study were patient-reported device satisfaction and efficacy and the secondary outcome was the device preference for patients with and without erectile dysfunction.

Results
Fifty men were enrolled and 49 completed the study. The average age was 40 years old. Of the participants, 80% recommend the FirmTech device compared to 53% who recommend the Eddie by Giddy device (P = 0.0026). The FirmTech device was overall easier to put on both flaccid and erect (P = 0.0308 and 0.0002), was more comfortable, had better stretch, and was easier to adjust (P = 0.087, &lt;0.0001, and 0.0119, respectively). The FirmTech device had a better overall impression amongst the participants (P = 0.0249). Eddie by Giddy was felt to improve erectile firmness more in those with ED than in those without (P = 0.0178).

Clinical Implications
This study adds to the current literature on penile constriction devices that better guide providers as they counsel patients on these devices to enhance sexual function.

Strengths and Limitations
The strength of this study is that this is a prospective randomized crossover study. The limitations of this study are that this is a single center study based on patient reported outcomes.

Conclusion
The FirmTech device performed better than the Eddie by Giddy with respect to overall impression of the device, likelihood of using the device in the future, and recommending the device to a friend, while the Eddie by Giddy device performed better at improving erectile firmness.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
NCT05853822.
Antemortem diagnostic tests for the detection of Aspergillus infection in birds: A systematic review
Authors: Vieu Sabrina , Guillot Jacques , Beaudeau François 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aspergillosis remains a common and life-threatening disease in captive and wild birds all over the world. The diagnosis is currently based on clinical signs or lesions, diagnostic imaging, and a variety of biological tests. This systematic review aimed to compare the accuracy of antemortem diagnostic tests for Aspergillus infection in birds. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CAB until January 2024. The methodological quality was assessed with QUADAS 2 risk of bias tool. The 13 studies, selected for the review, included results from a wide variety of birds (mainly Spheniciformes but also Falconiformes, Psittaciformes, and Galliformes) from wildlife rehabilitation centers, zoological parks, or veterinary practices. Aspergillus infection was mainly confirmed by fungal culture and/or histopathology. Serum markers included Aspergillus components (galactomannan, β-d-glucan, mannoproteins, and gliotoxin), anti-Aspergillus antibodies, 3-hydroxybutyrate, as well as protein electrophoresis and acute phase molecules. Sensitivity and specificity displayed a large amount of variation despite threshold arrangement. Disparities in the number of individuals per study did not allow for reliable comparison. Platelia Ag Assay (Bio-Rad), the most commonly used test in the studies, demonstrated moderate specificity and low sensitivity. Overall, non-specific tests demonstrated more consistent performance, whereas specific tests showed greater variability. Based on current knowledge, none of these tests provide sufficient accuracy to reliably detect Aspergillus infection in birds in clinical practice.
Optical monitoring in southern blazars. Analysis of variability and spectral colour behaviours
Authors: Zibecchi L , Andruchow I , Marchesini E J , Cellone S A , Combi J A 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the results of the optical monitoring of 18 southern blazars in the V and R Johnson–Cousins bands. Our main objective is to study the variations in the optical flux and their relationship with the colour and spectral variabilities. The optical observations were acquired with the 2.15 m ‘Jorge Sahade’ telescope, CASLEO, Argentina. The whole campaign comprised from 2014 April to 2019 September. In addition, X-ray data were taken from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Swift/XRT databases, and $\gamma$-ray data were taken from the Fermi-Large Area Telescope 3FGL catalogue. From the total of 18 blazars, we found variability in each one of the time-scales considered for 6 blazars (PKS 0208–512, PKS 1116–46, PKS 1440–389, PKS 1510–089, PKS 2005–489, and PKS 2155–304). In particular, from the colour–magnitude and the multiwavelength analysis, we found that PKS 1510-089 (flat-spectrum radio quasar) is undergoing an activity phase. For the case of PKS 2005–489 (BL Lac), this blazar is in a quiescent state, in which it has been for more than a decade, and it is compatible with its bluer-when-brighter moderate tendency, possibly due to the presence of shocks within the jet.
Bilingual language model for protein sequence and structure
Authors: Heinzinger Michael , Weissenow Konstantin , Sanchez Joaquin Gomez , Henkel Adrian , Mirdita Milot , Steinegger Martin , Rost Burkhard 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Adapting language models to protein sequences spawned the development of powerful protein language models (pLMs). Concurrently, AlphaFold2 broke through in protein structure prediction. Now we can systematically and comprehensively explore the dual nature of proteins that act and exist as three-dimensional (3D) machines and evolve as linear strings of one-dimensional (1D) sequences. Here, we leverage pLMs to simultaneously model both modalities in a single model. We encode protein structures as token sequences using the 3Di-alphabet introduced by the 3D-alignment method Foldseek. For training, we built a non-redundant dataset from AlphaFoldDB and fine-tuned an existing pLM (ProtT5) to translate between 3Di and amino acid sequences. As a proof-of-concept for our novel approach, dubbed Protein ‘structure-sequence’ T5 (ProstT5), we showed improved performance for subsequent, structure-related prediction tasks, leading to three orders of magnitude speedup for deriving 3Di. This will be crucial for future applications trying to search metagenomic sequence databases at the sensitivity of structure comparisons. Our work showcased the potential of pLMs to tap into the information-rich protein structure revolution fueled by AlphaFold2. ProstT5 paves the way to develop new tools integrating the vast resource of 3D predictions and opens new research avenues in the post-AlphaFold2 era.
Pymportx: facilitating next-generation transcriptomics analysis in Python
Authors: González Paula Pena , Lozano-Paredes Dafne , Rojo-Álvarez José Luis , Bote-Curiel Luis , Sánchez-Arévalo Lobo Víctor Javier 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The efficient importation of quantified gene expression data is pivotal in transcriptomics. Historically, the R package Tximport addressed this need by enabling seamless data integration from various quantification tools. However, the Python community lacked a corresponding tool, restricting cross-platform bioinformatics interoperability. We introduce Pymportx, a Python adaptation of Tximport, which replicates and extends the original package’s functionalities. Pymportx maintains the integrity and accuracy of gene expression data while improving processing speed and integration within the Python ecosystem. It supports new data formats and includes tools for enhanced data exploration and analysis. Available under the MIT license, Pymportx integrates smoothly with Python’s bioinformatics tools, facilitating a unified and efficient workflow across the R and Python ecosystems. This advancement not only broadens access to Python’s extensive toolset but also fosters interdisciplinary collaboration and the development of cutting-edge bioinformatics analyses.
Prevalence and symptoms of Long Covid-19 in the workplace
Authors: Mohd Yusoff H , Yew S Q , Mohammed Nawi A , Htwe O , Mohd Tohit N , Mohamed Z , Muhamad Noordin M A , Che Mohamed N , Mohd F H 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The symptoms of Long coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) are heterogeneous, creating uncertainty for employers regarding the diagnosis. The prevalence of Long Covid-19 in the workforce is also unknown. Furthermore, workers affected by Long Covid-19 encounter considerable difficulties in ensuring work safety and returning to their jobs due to this condition.

Aims
This review is aimed to identify the prevalence of Long Covid-19 in the workplace and to determine the various symptoms of Long Covid-19 experienced by the workers.

Methods
A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the pooled estimates for the prevalence of Long Covid-19. Heterogeneity among the estimates was evaluated using the I² statistic.

Results
The pooled prevalence of Long Covid-19 among workers across the 11 studies was 38% (95% CI 23–56). A total of 43 symptoms associated with Long Covid-19 were identified in the workplace, with the top five symptoms being dyspnoea at moderate activity (51%, 95% CI 39–62), mental symptoms (38%, 95% CI 6–87), dyspnoea at mild activity (35%, 95% CI 25–47), fatigue (26%, 95% CI 3–78) and effort intolerance (24%, 95% CI 15–35).

Conclusions
The review indicates a significant burden of long-lasting symptoms within the workforce. The top five reported symptoms of Long Covid-19 were dyspnoea during mild and moderate activities, mental symptoms, fatigue and effort intolerance.