bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doping- and capacitor-less 1T-DRAM cell using reconfigurable feedback mechanism
Authors: Suh Yuna , Lim Doohyeok 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a doping- and capacitor-less 1T-DRAM cell, which achieved virtual doping by leveraging charge plasma and bias-induced electrostatic doping (bias-ED) techniques in a 5 nm-thick intrinsic silicon body, thereby eliminating doping processes. Platinum was in contact with the drain, while aluminum was in contact with the source, enabling virtual doping of the silicon body into a p*-i-n* configuration via the charge-plasma technique. Two coupled polarity gates and one control gate are positioned above the intrinsic channel region. The intrinsic channel region is virtually doped through the bias-ED by applying voltages to the gates, forming potential wells inside the channel. The voltage applied to the two coupled polarity gates determines whether the device operates in the p- or n-channel mode, whereas the control gate governs the flow of charge carriers. Charge carriers are stored and released in the potential wells inside the channel by adjusting the gate, effectively replacing the capacitor. In this device, the placement of polarity gates on either side of the control gate enables the observation of the reconfigurable characteristics. Moreover, the proposed device utilizes a feedback mechanism, enabling excellent memory characteristics such as a high on/off current ratio of ∼109, steep switching behavior of ∼0.2 µV dec−1, short write time of 10 ns, long hold retention of over 100 s, and long read retention of over 600 s.
Equilibrium measures on Julia sets of random quadratic polynomials
Authors: Lech Krzysztof , Zdunik Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider sequences of compositions of quadratic polynomials

f

c
n

(
z
)
=

z
2

+

c
n

. For such sequences one can naturally generalise the definitions of the Julia set and basin of infinity from the autonomous case. In this setting the Julia set depends on a sequence

ω
=
(

c
0

,

c
1

,

…

)

. We study the equilibrium (harmonic) measure on such Julia sets. In particular, we calculate the Hausdorff dimension of the equilibrium measure and study its dependence on the ‘scale of randomnes’.
Effects of spot size errors in DynamicARC pencil beam scanning proton therapy planning
Authors: Rana Suresh , Rosenfeld Anatoly B 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Spot size stability is crucial in pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy, and variations in spot size can disrupt dose distributions. Recently, a novel proton beam delivery method known as DynamicARC PBS scanning has been introduced. The current study investigates the dosimetric impact of spot size errors in DynamicARC proton therapy for head and neck (HNC), prostate, and lung cancers. Approach. Robustly optimized DynamicARC proton therapy plans were created for HNC (n = 4), prostate (n = 4), and lung (n = 4) cancer patients. Spot size errors of ±10%, ±15%, and ±20% were introduced, and their effects on target coverage (D
95% and D
99%), homogeneity index (HI), and organ-at-risk doses were analyzed across different cancer sites. Main Results. HNC and lung cancer plans showed greater vulnerability to spot size errors, with reductions in target coverage of up to 4.8% under −20% spot size errors. Dose homogeneity was also more affected in these cases, with HI degrading by 0.12 in lung cancer. Prostate cancer demonstrated greater resilience to spot size variations, even under errors of ±20%. For spot size errors ±10%, the oral cavity, parotid glands, and constrictor muscles experienced D
mean deviations within ±1.2%, while deviations were limited to ±0.5% for D
10% of the bladder and rectum and ±0.3% for V
20 Gy(RBE) of the lungs. The robustness analysis indicated that lung cancer plans were most susceptible to robustness reductions caused by spot size errors, while HNC plans demonstrated moderate sensitivity. Conversely, prostate cancer plans demonstrated high robustness, experiencing only minimal reductions in target coverage. Significance. While the ±10% spot size tolerance is appropriate in majority of the cases, lung cancer plans may require more stringent criteria. As DynamicARC becomes clinically available, measuring spot size errors in practice will be essential to validate these findings and refine tolerance thresholds for clinical use.
Verification of linear energy transfer optimized carbon-ion radiotherapy
Authors: Mizuno Hideyuki , Nakaji Taku , Lee Sung Hyun , Sakata Dousatsu , Aoki Katsumi , Mizushima Kota , Tran Linh T , Rosenfeld Anatoly , Inaniwa Taku 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective. Linear energy transfer (LET) verification was conducted using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microdosimeter during the commissioning of LET-optimized carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT). This advanced treatment technique is expected to improve local control rates, especially in hypoxic tumors. Approach. An SOI microdosimeter with a cylindrical sensitive volume of 30 μm diameter and 5 μm thickness was used. Simple cubic plans and patient plans using the carbon-ion beams were created by treatment planning system, and the calculated LETd values were compared with the measured LETd values obtained by the SOI microdosimeter. Main results. Reasonable agreement between the measured and calculated LETd was seen in the plateau region of depth LETd profile, whereas the measured LETd were below the calculated LETd in the peak region, specifically where LETd exceeds 75 keV μm−1. The discrepancy in the peak region may arise from the uncertainties in the calibration process of the SOI microdosimeter. Excluding the peak region, the average ratio and standard deviation between measured and calculated LETd values were 0.996 and 7%, respectively. Significance. This verification results in the initiation of clinical trials for LET-optimized CIRT at QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology.
Performance of ITER pressure gauges during deuterium operation in the large helical device
Authors: Wenzel Uwe , Motojima Gen , Mackel Felix , Arkhipov Alexey , Jagielski Bartholomew , Haak Victoria , Meister Hans , Marquardt Mirko , Fox-Widdows Ella 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
During deuterium campaigns on the heliotron large helical device (LHD), ITER pressure gauges with different cathode materials were used to measure the neutral pressure in the sub-divertor region. Throughout these campaigns, it was observed that the performance of a LaB6 cathode was unsatisfactory during deuterium operation. Conversely, measurements taken with pressure gauges with a ZrC cathode performed well throughout the deuterium pulses. The ITER pressure gauge with the ZrC cathode could be operated with a very high electron current of 800 µA, thus improving the lower detection limit of the neutral pressure in LHD. With this design it was also possible to avoid jumps in the ion current within strong magnetic fields, improving the accuracy of the measurement from 15% uncertainty to 5%. These features allowed very precise neutral pressure measurements to be made in a fusion device with magnetic confinement. The problems with the lifetime of the ZrC cathode reported in Mackel et al (2023 Fusion Eng. Des.
189 113439) were not relevant here, as the total runtime in the magnetic field was about 60 h, less than the expected lifetime of the cathode of 350 h.
Application of a large wall electric probe (LWEP) for plasma and ambient gas studies
Authors: Demidov V I , Adams S F , Kurlyandskaya I P 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The operation of a large wall electric probe (LWEP) is analyzed, where the probe surface area in contact with the plasma is only a few times smaller than the area of the plasma boundaries. Compared to a small standard Langmuir probe (SLP), the LWEP may have significantly greater resolution and sensitivity, but could substantially perturb the plasma and distort the measured properties. A target application for the LWEP is where the sensitivity of the measurement is critical, but the effects of the plasma perturbation is minimal. A specific case where a LWEP may outperform a SLP is the measurement of a nonlocal electron distribution function at energies of electron free diffusion, that is, at energies significantly exceeding thermal electron energies, in order to obtain information about the parameters of the plasma or ambient gas. Examination of the LWEP analysis process has revealed that, depending on the plasma volume and probe configurations, it may be necessary to measure either the first or second derivatives of the probe current with respect to the probe potential to derive the energetic part of the electron energy distribution function.
Impact of temperature sensitivity on dead channel junctionless FET for linearity and high frequency applications
Authors: Chaudhary Shalini , Dewan Basudha , Singh Devenderpal , Yadav Menka 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The operational framework of upcoming electronic devices is under examination to identify substitutes for MOSFETs, aiming to decrease power densities and alleviate constraints on energy efficiency. In this context, we present and examine an innovative structural design approach for double gate Junctionless Field-Effect Transistors (DG-JLFETs). This approach provides benefits in terms of fabrication, performance, and design considerations. The dead channel DG-JLFET (DC-DGJLFET) is the name given to this proposed structure. The term ‘dead channel’ refers to the device’s mid-channel lack of conducting charge carriers caused by the P-type layer and lowers functional channel thickness (

t

Si

) and enhances the device’s figures of merit. Here, the performance indicators of DC-DGJLFET is also analysed for a temperature range of (200 K–450 K) to calculate the radio frequency and linearity performances. Moreover, the suggested device exhibits superior linearity, particularly at elevated temperatures.
Overcoming bandwidth limitations in space-coiled acoustic metamaterials through inclined perforated plate design
Authors: Liu 刘 Jixin 继鑫 , Wu 吴 Fengmin 丰民 , Li 李 Ting 婷 , Wang 王 Junjun 军军 , Zou 邹 Xinye 欣晔 , Zhang 章 Dong 东 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Traditional space-coiled acoustic metamaterials have been widely used in the fields of low-frequency sound absorption and noise reduction. However, they have limitations in terms of low-frequency absorption bandwidth, and the weak coupling effect under complex coiled structures also limits their applications. In this work, we introduce the composite structure changing the characteristic impedance of acoustic metamaterials to enhance the coupling effect. Meanwhile, the perforated plates with inclined design instead of traditional partitions greatly improve the sound absorption. The model and method designed in this paper show significant innovation in enhancing low-frequency absorption performance.
Fully-relativistic electron Bernstein wave current drive simulations in the STEP spherical tokamak
Authors: Biswas Bodhi , Freethy Simon , Vann Roddy 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) are theorised to efficiently drive current in spherical tokamak power plants, e.g. Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production (STEP). At high temperatures (

T

e

≳
4

keV), relativistic effects can significantly impact wave propagation. This work presents relativistic calculations of EBW wave propagation, damping, and current drive (CD) in a conceptual STEP plasma. Kramers–Kronig relations are exploited to efficiently evaluate the fully-relativistic dispersion relation for arbitrary wave-vectors, leading to a

>

50
×

speed-up compared to previous efforts. CD efficiency is calculated using both linear and quasilinear codes. Thus, for the first time, large parametric scans of fully-relativistic EBW CD simulations are performed through ray-tracing. In STEP, three main classes of rays are identified. The first class propagate deep into the core (ρ < 0.5), but exist only if relativistic effects are accounted for. They damp strongly at the fundamental harmonic on nearly-thermal electrons and thus drive little current. A second class of rays propagate to intermediate depths (

ρ
≈
0.3
−
0.7

) before damping at the 2nd harmonic. Their CD efficiencies are significantly altered due to relativistic changes to trajectory and polarisation. The third class of rays damp strongly far off-axis (ρ > 0.7), predominantly at the second harmonic. These ray trajectories are sufficiently short and ‘cold’ that relativistic effects are unimportant. In linear CD simulations, the optimal launch point corresponds to this third class of rays, suggesting that non-relativistic simulations are adequate. However, quasilinear calculations indicate that, at reactor relevant powers, CD is maximised at ρ ≈ 0.6. This quasilinear optimal point corresponds to the second class of rays, for which relativistic propagation does matter.
Opinion response functions are key to understanding the tipping of social conventions
Authors: Wyse Sarah K , Foxall Eric 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The extent to which committed minorities can overturn social conventions is an active area of research in the mathematical modeling of opinion dynamics. Researchers generally use simulations of agent-based models (ABMs) to compute approximate values for the minimum committed minority size needed to overturn a social convention. In this manuscript, we expand on previous work by studying an ABM’s mean-field behavior using ordinary differential equation models and a new tool, namely opinion response functions (ORFs). Using this method allows for formal analysis of the deterministic model, which can provide a theoretical explanation for observed behaviors, e.g. coexistence or overturning of opinions. In particular, ORFs are a method for characterizing equilibria in our social model. Our analysis confirms earlier numerical results and supplements them with a precise formula for computing the minimum committed minority size required to overturn a social convention.
Tropical geometry, quantum affine algebras, and scattering amplitudes
Authors: Early Nick , Li Jian-Rong 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to make a connection between tropical geometry, representations of quantum affine algebras, and scattering amplitudes in physics. The connection allows us to study important and difficult questions in these areas:

(1)
We give a systematic construction of prime modules (including prime non-real modules) of quantum affine algebras using tropical geometry. We also introduce new objects which generalize positive tropical Grassmannians.

(2)
We propose a generalization of Grassmannian string integrals in physics, in which the integrand is a product indexed by prime modules of a quantum affine algebra. We give a general formula of u-variables using prime tableaux (corresponding to prime modules of quantum affine algebras of type A) and Auslander–Reiten quivers of Grassmannian cluster categories.

(3)
We study limit g-vectors of cluster algebras. This is another way to obtain prime non-real modules of quantum affine algebras systematically. Using limit g-vectors, we construct new examples of non-real modules of quantum affine algebras.
Vindicating the ‘Mortall God’
Authors: Olsthoorn Johan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The goal of Hobbes’s theory of justice was both ambitious and unprecedented: to absolve human rulers from all stains of injustice. Acutely aware of how perceived injuries could stir subjects to revolt, Hobbes argued boldly that nothing the sovereign says or does can be unjust to them. His vindicatory project—or ‘civil theodicy’—extends well beyond political absolutism. Besides stripping sovereign power from all legal constraints, he enclothed it with a mantle of justice. This introductory chapter sketches the outlines of Hobbes’s civil theodicy. What arguments were required to prove that sovereigns can do no wrong, strictly speaking? And which conceptions of justice and injury underpin these arguments? Following a brief map of the book, the concluding section explains and defends the specific methodological choices made. Thin contextualism is favoured over the thick form prevalent among intellectual historians, and thin rational reconstructionism over the thick one long championed by philosophers.
The Comparative Merits of Tort Liability and Its Alternatives
Authors: Abraham Haim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter sets out to evaluate and compare the advantages and disadvantages of three mechanisms for redressing losses that are inflicted during war: tort liability, state-operated insurance schemes, and ex gratia payments. Certain factors, such as the length, cost, and location of the redress mechanism, appear to indicate that tort liability is inferior to its alternatives, to a certain extent. Other factors, for example the consistency and transparency of decisions, whether the payment amounts reflect the actual costs of the injuries, the identity of the administrating body, and the ability to correct wrongs, seem to result in the contrary conclusion.
In the particular context of infliction of losses during war, the inadequacies of ex gratia payments and state-operated insurance schemes are sufficiently weighty to question their desirability and effectiveness as the currently used mechanisms of redress. Moreover, although tort liability has its shortcomings, they do not reach the degree that they rule out tort liability completely as a relevant mechanism of redress, and the benefits that arise from tort liability are substantial. Taking away civilians’ ability to bring a claim in tort takes away their power to stand on their rights. The cost of removing this power, coupled with the deficiencies of ex gratia payments and state-operated insurance schemes, is sufficient to support the argument that revisions to the mechanisms of redress are needed.
SpaDiT: diffusion transformer for spatial gene expression prediction using scRNA-seq
Authors: Li Xiaoyu , Zhu Fangfang , Min Wenwen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rapid development of spatially resolved transcriptomics (SRT) technologies has provided unprecedented opportunities for exploring the structure of specific organs or tissues. However, these techniques (such as image-based SRT) can achieve single-cell resolution, but can only capture the expression levels of tens to hundreds of genes. Such spatial transcriptomics (ST) data, carrying a large number of undetected genes, have limited its application value. To address the challenge, we develop SpaDiT, a deep learning framework for spatial reconstruction and gene expression prediction using scRNA-seq data. SpaDiT employs scRNA-seq data as an a priori condition and utilizes shared genes between ST and scRNA-seq data as latent representations to construct inputs, thereby facilitating the accurate prediction of gene expression in ST data. SpaDiT enhances the accuracy of spatial gene expression predictions over a variety of spatial transcriptomics datasets. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of SpaDiT by conducting extensive experiments on both seq-based and image-based ST data. We compared SpaDiT with eight highly effective baseline methods and found that our proposed method achieved an 8%–12% improvement in performance across multiple metrics. Source code and all datasets used in this paper are available at https://github.com/wenwenmin/SpaDiT and https://zenodo.org/records/12792074.
Exogenous or in situ vaccination to trigger clinical responses in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Beatty Gregory L , Jaffee Elizabeth M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a lethal disease for which remarkable therapeutic resistance is the norm. Conventional immunotherapies, like immune checkpoint inhibitors, show limited efficacy in PDA due to a remarkably immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and systemic inflammation. This review discusses the potential of both exogenous and in situ vaccination strategies to overcome these barriers and enhance anti-tumor immunity in PDA. Exogenous vaccines, including whole-cell, dendritic cell, peptide, and nucleic acid-based vaccines, have shown varying degrees of promise but face challenges related to antigen selection, production complexities, and patient-specific factors. In contrast, in situ vaccination strategies leverage conventional cytotoxic therapies, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy, to induce immunogenic cell death and modulate the TME with the aim to stimulate anti-tumor immunity. While preclinical studies support the use of in situ vaccination, balancing the stimulatory and inhibitory effects is likely fundamental to eliciting productive anti-tumor responses in patients. Ongoing research seeks to identify new innovative strategies that can harness the endogenous immune response and trigger in situ vaccination. Overall, while both vaccination approaches offer significant potential, further research and clinical trials will be needed to optimize these strategies for improving patient outcomes in PDA.
Beyond representation: negotiating realism and the positive impact of media narratives with trans audiences
Authors: Villegas-Simón Isabel , Sánchez-Soriano Juan José , Ventura Rafael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The growing presence of trans people in popular culture, including television series, is a well-established fact. However, its broader social impact and particularly consideration of what constitutes a positive representation of the trans community has received little attention from academic literature. This research addresses this gap by focusing on the experiences and interpretations of trans individuals regarding the way they are portrayed in TV series. It does so by conducting a qualitative study of 19 trans Spaniards who participated in two focus groups and nine semi-structured interviews. The findings indicate that the participants view their increased representation as a form of retribution for past under-representation. They also associate positive representation with realism, with two of their primary areas of concern being the need to depict authentic situations and individuals, and lack of involvement of trans people in the creative process. Ultimately, this research highlights the role of television series as amplifiers of trans experiences, voices and stories.