bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bursty, Irregular Speech Input to Children Predicts Vocabulary Size
Authors: Cychosz Margaret , Romeo Rachel R. , Edwards Jan R. , Newman Rochelle S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTChildren learn language by listening to speech from caregivers around them. However, the type and quantity of speech input that children are exposed to change throughout early childhood in ways that are poorly understood due to the small samples (few participants, limited hours of observation) typically available in developmental psychology. Here we used child‐centered audio recorders to unobtrusively measure speech input in the home to 292 children (aged 2–7 years), acquiring English in the United States, over 555 distinct days (approximately 8600 total hours of observation, or 29.62 h/child). These large timescales allowed us to compare how different dimensions of child‐directed speech input (quantity, burstiness) varied throughout early childhood. We then evaluated the relationship between each dimension of input and children's concurrent receptive vocabulary size. We found that the burstiness of speech input (spikes of words) was a stronger correlate with age than the quantity of speech input. Input burstiness was also a stronger predictor than input quantity for children's vocabulary size: children who heard spiky, more intense bouts of input had larger vocabularies. Overall, these results reaffirm the importance of speech input in the home for children's language development and support exposure–consolidation models of early language development.
Long‐term risks and benefits of oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients with cancer: A report from the GLORIA‐AF registry
Authors: Li Meng , Huang Bi , Lam Steven Ho Man , Ishiguchi Hironori , Liu Yang , Olshansky Brian , Huisman Menno V. , Chao Tze‐Fan , Lip Gregory Y. H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and concomitant cancer can be challenging due to the significantly increased risk of both embolism and bleeding. Moreover, the benefits and risks of vitamin K antagonists (VKA, eg. warfarin) versus non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in such patients are less well understood.MethodsFrom the prospective, global, multi‐centered Global Registry on Long‐Term Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (GLORIA‐AF), we characterized these patients according to their history of prior cancer when enrolled. All patients received anticoagulant therapy. The primary outcome was the composite of all‐cause mortality, stroke, transient ischemic attack, systemic embolism. The secondary endpoints were all‐cause mortality, cardiovascular death, stroke, major bleeding and thromboembolism during the 3 years follow‐up period. Cox regression analyses were used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and confidence interval (CI) following propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsOverall, among 16,700 patients enrolled in Phase III in GLORIA‐AF, 1725 (10%) patients had concomitant cancer(s) at enrolment. After PSM, the primary outcome occurred in 250 (14.8%) of patients with cancer(s) and 160 (9.3%) without cancer(s) (HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.33–1.97], p < .001) during the 3 years follow‐up period. The risk of all‐cause mortality was significantly higher in patients with cancer(s) versus non‐ cancer(s) (HR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.37–2.12], p < .001). In patients with cancer(s), after PSM, the use of NOACs was associated with reduced risk of the primary outcome compared with that of VKA (HR, .69 [95% CI, .49–.99], p = .043), as well as a lower risk of thromboembolism (HR, .49 [95% CI, .24–1.00], p = .051), but the risk of major bleeding was not significantly different (HR, .87 [95% CI, .48–1.56], p = .635). Subgroup analysis in patients with cancers showed a reduced risk of major bleeding with NOACs compared with VKA (HR, .18 [95% CI, .04–.8], p = .024) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). For the main cancer subtypes (genitourinary, breast, gastrointestinal, haematological and skin), the trends for the risk of primary outcome were consistently favouring NOACs compared with VKA without any significant interaction among these five cancers.ConclusionsCancer is a common comorbidity in patients with AF and is associated with increased risk of composite of all‐cause mortality and thromboembolism. Compared with VKA, NOACs was associated with a lower risk of composite events and showed an advantage in lower risk of thromboembolism, as well as a reduced risk of major bleeding when CAD was also present.
Nutritional effects on growth and development of sepsid flies
Authors: Gourgoulianni Natalia , Kümmerli Rolf , Blanckenhorn Wolf U. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe plastic nutritional foundations of growth and reproduction are crucial in mediating animal (insect) life histories but remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate how the nutritional quality of dung during larval feeding affects subsequent (adult) life history traits of a coexisting guild of four closely related European sepsid dung fly species: Sepsis cynipsea (L.), Sepsis fulgens (Meigen), Sepsis punctum (Fabricius), and Sepsis thoracica (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (all Diptera: Sepsidae). Larvae were raised in standard cow dung, protein‐rich (yeast‐supplemented) dung, microbe‐depleted (autoclaved) dung, and in a combined treatment of autoclaved dung with yeast enrichment. Responses of egg‐to‐adult survival, total development time, final adult body size, and female reproductive potential in terms of age at first reproduction and offspring number were assessed. Overall survival was lower in autoclaved dung, but also tended to be reduced rather than enhanced by potentially artificial microbial additives such as supplemental yeast, which apparently cannot be metabolized effortlessly by the fly larvae. The only trait positively affected was adult body size, for which we observed an increase in three of four species when larvae were raised in yeast‐supplemented dung. Flies emerged smaller when reared in autoclaved dung, and the addition of yeast to autoclaved dung partly compensated the negative effect of autoclaving to result in a body size similar to control dung. Our results thus indicate that larval growth is likely reduced by autoclaving‐induced killing of nutritional microorganisms in the dung, which however may recolonize. Whereas for some model insects nutrition is well‐understood, more research is necessary to unravel the diverse effects of natural and artificial stressors on the nutrition of non‐model insects, such as these dung‐decomposing flies providing important ecosystem services in human‐mediated grasslands.
Admission Testing in Higher Education: Changing Landscape and Outcomes from Test‐Optional Policies
Authors: Camara Wayne 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccess to admission tests was greatly restricted during the COVID‐19 pandemic resulting in widespread adoption of test‐optional policies by colleges and universities. Many institutions adopted such policies on an interim or trial basis, as many others signaled the change would be long term. Several Ivy League institutions and selective public flagship universities have returned to requiring test scores from all applicants citing their own research indicating diversity and ensuring academic success of applicants can be best served by inclusion of test scores in the admissions process. This paper reviews recent research on the impact of test‐optional policies on score‐sending behaviors of applicants and differential outcomes in college and score sending. Ultimately, test‐optional policies are neither the panacea for diversity that proponents suggested nor do they result in a decay of academic outcomes that opponents forecast, but they do have consequences, which colleges will need to weigh going forward.
Nationwide Trends in Helicobacter pylori Eradication Therapies in Korea: Impact of Guideline Updates on Treatment Practices
Authors: Jung Byung Wook , Kim Yun Jin , Park Chan Hyuk 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionHelicobacter pylori infects over 50% of the global population, prompting the issuance of guidelines for effective diagnosis and treatment. However, research on guideline dissemination and adherence is limited. Therefore, we assessed the nationwide status of H. pylori eradication therapies in Korea before and after guideline updates.MethodsUsing data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service, this retrospective cohort study analyzed changes in H. pylori eradication therapies across three periods: Phase I (2006–2007), Phase II (2014–2015), and Phase III (2021–2022). It examined therapy regimens, confirmation tests, and retreatment rates.ResultsAmong 1,657,746 patients included, the number undergoing eradication therapy increased across the phases (Phase I: 234,365; Phase II: 493,889; Phase III: 929,492). The use of conventional triple therapy declined from 96.1% in Phase I to 88.3% in Phase III, while non‐bismuth and bismuth quadruple therapies increased to 6.8% and 3.3%, respectively, in Phase III. The proportion of patients following a 1‐week regimen of conventional triple therapy decreased from 90.3% in Phase I to 54.2% in Phase III, while a 2‐week regimen increased to 36.1% in Phase III. Confirmation testing within 1 year of therapy increased from 21.3% in Phase I to 43.0% in Phase III, whereas retreatment rates increased from 3.8% in Phase I to 8.8% in Phase III.ConclusionsGuideline updates have influenced H. pylori eradication practices in Korea, leading to increased use of quadruple therapies with longer treatment durations. However, further improvements in confirmatory tests and retreatment following failed initial therapy are required.
Implementation of patient‐reported outcomes for people living with HIV: Insights from patients and healthcare providers in a Danish outpatient clinic
Authors: Rodkjær Lotte Ørneborg , Storgaard Merete , Schougaard Liv Marit Valen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesPatient‐reported outcomes (PROs) have emerged as a valuable tool for aligning HIV care with patient needs and priorities. This study aimed to explore patient and healthcare provider (HCP) experiences of integrating a PRO solution into standard clinical care for HIV in a Danish outpatient clinic.MethodsA tailored PRO solution for people living with HIV was developed in a Danish outpatient clinic. Patients were eligible if they were aged >18 years, spoke Danish, had been on effective antiretroviral therapy for 2 years, and had no additional health issues. Patients completed an electronic questionnaire 14 days before in‐clinic consultations. HCPs reviewed patients' responses before these consultations. We assessed the usability, acceptability, and relevance of the PRO solution by conducting semi‐structured interviews with 24 patients (12 responders and 12 non‐responders) and six HCPs. A further 95 non‐responders were interviewed over the phone. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsRespondents found that PROs improved patient–provider communication, treatment planning, and self‐management. Non‐respondents faced barriers such as health literacy, cultural beliefs, and access to technology, necessitating alternative delivery methods. HCPs found that PROs facilitated person‐centred care and symptom management, but HCPs faced challenges such as insufficient training, resources, and organizational support.ConclusionsImplementing PROs in HIV care is challenging because of the patient diversity, clinician training needs, and organizational adaptations. Nevertheless, the use of PROs is associated with enhanced person‐centred care. Future recommendations include tailored use of PROs, better understanding of the impact on patient groups, on‐site questionnaire completion, and emphasis on shared decision‐making between patients and HCPs.
A colourful world with a dark future: Unregulated trade as an emerging threat for woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea) of Spain
Authors: Robla Jairo , Orihuela‐Rivero Raúl , De Smedt Pallieter , Matarredona Marcos , Garcia Lluc 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Woodlice (Isopoda: Oniscidea) constitute a diverse and ecologically significant group inhabiting a great variety of ecosystems with a crucial role for ecosystem functioning, but strongly overlooked in conservation efforts and threats to species and populations are hardly studied.
In this study, we evaluate for the first time the potential impact of an emerging unregulated trade on the woodlice of Spain.
We conducted a search for all Spanish species nationally and internationally traded via online shops and studied various aspects of the nature of this market and its tendency.
We found 56 species currently traded in international stores, and an additional 30 species through transactions on social media. Furthermore, the amount and number of species are increasing and far from stabilising, with higher prices paid for endemic than non‐endemic species.
This situation puts pressure on local populations, potentially inducing local extinctions, affecting ecosystem functioning.
Other potential future threats such as genetic contamination of native populations and the introduction of alien species cannot be ruled out.
The conservation of woodlice faces significant challenges due to a lack of assessments of species conservation status and conservation action plans for the most affected species.
We propose preventive measures, such as the creation of whitelists or blacklists, essential to protect (endemic) species and mitigate the threat of invasive species.
Nursing as an earthquake survivor: A qualitative study on nurses traumatized by the Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Turkey
Authors: Koksal Kemal , Mert Ibrahim Sani , Aslan Hüseyin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundNurses' critical input and firsthand disaster management experience are vital to healthcare quality.AimThis study aims to comprehend nurses' experiences during and after the earthquakes, their coping mechanisms for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the consequent effects on their profession, given the nurses' crucial role in disaster response.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study using semistructured interviews was conducted between April and May 2024. Fifteen nurses were selected using criterion and snowball sampling methods from those working as earthquake survivor nurses in the affected areas. The COREQ guidelines for reporting qualitative research were followed.FindingsFive main themes were: emotional reactions/physical difficulties, career and motivation, PTSD and well‐being, suggestions, and work performance. The results highlighted the significant psychological and professional challenges that nurses encounter, including the effects of severe PTSD symptoms, coping strategies, and the influence on their capacity to deliver care.ConclusionsNurses dealing with earthquakes face unique challenges that test their resilience on all levels. Learning from their experiences and coping mechanisms can help healthcare systems support these frontline workers better. Investing in disaster preparedness and mental health resources for nurses is crucial for their well‐being and the overall strength of the healthcare system during crises.Implications for nursing and health policyEffectively managing workloads and rest periods can reduce physical fatigue and prevent burnout. Shift rotations and adequate staffing levels are necessary. Access to psychological mental health support is vital for nurses to recover from the psychological effects of disasters. Regular disaster preparedness training is imperative for physical safety and psychological resilience. Robust support systems, including safe accommodation and peer support groups, are crucial for nurses in disaster response.
Mood and emotion assessment for risk reduction of pandemic spread through passenger air transport: a DSS applied to the COVID‐19 in the case of Spain
Authors: Aguarón J. , Altuzarra A. , Aznar R. , Escobar M.T. , Jiménez‐Martín A. , Mateos A. , Moreno‐Díaz A. , Moreno‐Jiménez J.M. , Moreno‐Loscertales C. , Muerza V. , Navarro J. , Sarango A. , Turón A. , Vargas L.G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a decision support system (DSS) for sentiment analysis of Spanish texts based on lexicons. The information provided by this DSS, named Spanish Sentiment Analysis‐DSS (SSA‐DSS), is employed to assess the social impacts considered in an external software module (RRPS‐PAT) centered on risk reduction of pandemic spread through passenger air transport. RRPS‐PAT is a complex multiobjective optimization module simultaneously addressing different conflicting objectives, including epidemiological, economic, and social aspects. This allows more effective and realistic decisions to be made. The specificity and novelty of the problem suggest the use of lexicon‐based approaches because there is no prior information about the problem to train machine learning–based approaches. The SSA‐DSS covers the entire process from the incorporation of texts, particularly tweets, to be analyzed, the application of preprocessing and cleaning tools, the selection of lexicons (general, context, and emoji lexicons) to be used and their possible modification, to the visualization of results and their exportation to other software tools. This paper contemplates, apart from the RRPS‐PAT module, the connection with a social network analysis tool (Gephi) that complements the information provided by SSA‐DSS with the identification of social leaders. The usefulness and functionalities of SSA‐DSS are illustrated by means of an example related to the evolution of societal mood in Spain during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
A decision support system for risk reduction in pandemic spread based on the management of passenger air traffic
Authors: Peña Gabriel A. , Mateos Alfonso , Jiménez‐Martín Antonio , Sanchis Raúl G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA significant factor in the early spread of pandemics at an international level is passenger air traffic. Decisions regarding passenger air traffic could assist different countries in managing the risk of pandemic importation. However, flight cancelations would have economic and social impacts, leading to a multiobjective optimization problem. A decision support system (DSS) for reducing the risk of pandemic spread by managing passenger air traffic is introduced. This DSS enables decision makers (DMs) to parameterize the problem to be solved (time period, country of analysis, the percentage of targeted risk reduction, etc.), quantify DM preferences using ordinal information on the objectives, solve the resulting binary single‐objective optimization problem using a binary particle swarm optimization metaheuristic, and visualize the optimal solution. The methodology is illustrated using the example of Spain with 38 national airports and 5000 international connections, involving 9678 flights within the time period from September 24 to October 7, 2020.
Revalidation of Enteromius karkensis (Gilchrist and Thompson 1913) (Cypriniformes: Smiliogastrinae) from the southern temperate freshwater ecoregion, South Africa
Authors: Martin Melissa B. , Chakona Albert , Kadye Wilbert T. , Scheepers Martinus 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe chubbyhead barbs, a distinct group of fishes endemic to southern Africa, currently include eight valid species. Historically, Enteromius anoplus was the most widespread freshwater fish in South Africa due to synonymizations in the 1960s. It occurred in nearly every river system except coastal systems in the Cape Fold Ecoregion and the lower Orange River. However, a recent revision utilizing molecular and morphological analyses has led to significant taxonomic updates. Enteromius anoplus is restricted to the Gouritz River system, whereas Enteromius cernuus and Enteromius oraniensis have been revalidated and respectively confined to the Olifants and Orange River systems. Additionally, a new species Enteromius mandelai was described, with its range currently considered to encompass several river systems in the Eastern Cape. Despite these advances, the taxonomic status of fish previously assigned to E. anoplus from KwaZulu‐Natal remained uncertain. In this study, an integrative approach, combining genetic analysis, morphological characteristics, and geographic data, was employed to resurrect Enteromius karkensis as a distinct species from E. anoplus. Enteromius karkensis is deeply genetically differentiated (3.99%–8.07% p‐distance) from its congeners within the chubbyhead group. Morphologically, E. karkensis is easily distinguishable from its counterparts due to possession of a terminal mouth (vs. inferior in E. amatolicus), one pair of maxillary barbels (vs. two conspicuous pairs in E. motebensis, E. treurensis, and E. gurneyi), and a complete lateral line (vs. incomplete in E. anoplus and E. oraniensis). Furthermore, E. karkensis is differentiated from E. mandelai and E. cernuus by its long maxillary barbels that extend beyond the midpoint of the orbit. These findings highlight a consistent pattern from previous studies that show many freshwater fishes in South Africa have narrow geographic ranges. This emphasizes the importance of targeted conservation and management efforts, and our understanding of the biogeographic and evolutionary history of freshwater fishes in southern Africa.
Melatonin Protects Against Cocaine‐Induced Blood−Brain Barrier Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment by Regulating miR‐320a‐Dependent GLUT1 Expression
Authors: Wei Jia‐Yi , Liu Hui , Li Yuan , Zhao Dan , Wang Bo , Wang Hui‐Jie , Wang Li , Wang Kang‐Ji , Yue Jin‐Li , Zhang Hong‐Yan , Li Tian‐Yue , Miao Yi‐Jue , Wang Kai‐Li , Tong Pai‐Ge , Zhang Zhuo , Li Ze‐Ye , Shi Zheng , Yao Jia‐Yuan , Liu Dong‐Xin , Fang Wen‐Gang , Li Bo , Shang De‐Shu , Lyu Yuan , Sun Hong‐Zan , Zhao Wei‐Dong , Chen Yu‐Hua 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCocaine abuse has been strongly linked to blood−brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, though the exact mechanism by which cocaine disrupts the BBB remains unclear. In this study, we found that cocaine treatment reduces the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in brain microvascular endothelial cells, a key factor in cocaine‐induced brain glucose uptake, BBB leakage, and cognitive impairment. Mechanistically, our results show that cocaine upregulates miR‐320a, which in turn suppresses GLUT1 expression via the beta 2‐adrenergic receptor (ADRB2). Notably, the administration of adeno‐associated viruses encoding full‐length GLUT1 or miR‐320a inhibitors to the brain microvascular endothelium significantly mitigated cocaine‐induced BBB leakage and cognitive deficits. Additionally, we discovered that melatonin, a well‐known neuroprotective hormone, alleviates cocaine‐induced BBB disruption and cognitive impairment. This protective effect of melatonin was mediated through the upregulation of miR‐320a‐dependent GLUT1 expression in brain endothelial cells via MT1 receptor‐mediated inhibition of the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that cocaine downregulates brain microvascular GLUT1, leading to BBB dysfunction, and highlight melatonin as a potential therapeutic agent for treating cocaine‐related complications.