bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tame clients: an evaluation of service users’ and trainee clinical psychologists’ perspective of service user involvement in teaching
Authors: Norwood Carl , Tickle Anna , De Boos Danielle , Dewa Roberta 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The involvement of service users within clinical psychology training is written into policy. However, the practice of evaluating involvement from both trainees’ and service users’ viewpoint is minimal. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate recent service user involvement in psychometrics and formulation teaching on a clinical psychology training programme, from both service user and trainee perspectives.

Design/methodology/approach
Focus groups were held with service users (n=3) involved in the teaching, as well as trainees (n=3). Additional questionnaire data were captured from trainees (n=11). Service user and trainee data were analysed separately using thematic analysis. Themes generated for trainees were also mapped on to a competency framework for clinical psychologists.

Findings
Both parties found the teaching beneficial. Service users enjoyed supporting trainees and engaged positively in their roles. They identified relational aspects and reflections on their own therapy as other benefits. Trainees reported enhanced clinical preparedness, critical and personal reflection. Trainee anxiety was evident. Learning mapped well to competency frameworks.

Research limitations/implications
The samples were small and some data truncated. Findings speak to broader issues and may transfer to other involvement contexts.

Practical implications
A good degree of meaningful involvement can be achieved through such initiatives, to mutual benefit and enhanced learning.

Originality/value
Nature of the exercise and dual-aspect approach to evaluation described here helps to minimise tokenism. The mapping of findings to competency frameworks supports evaluative processes and helps to legitimise involvement initiatives that challenge the boundaries of existing practice.
Craft beer – building social terroir through connecting people, place and business
Authors: Sjölander-Lindqvist Annelie , Skoglund Wilhelm , Laven Daniel 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose the concept of social terroir to help navigate phenomenological and epistemological conditions of small-scale food entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a qualitative research approach and was implemented in the peripheral region of Jämtland in northern Sweden. The study interrogated the ambitions of craft brewers when starting up, their long-term goals and visions, including questions about the reason for starting up a brewery, how the different brewers cooperate and how and why the products are designed and labelled the way they are.

Findings
This study shows that the production of craft beer is an inherently social practice that is part of a particular sociocultural milieu. This milieu informs production in distinct and interrelated ways: through connecting to place and locality in the different aspects of production and marketing, through cooperation to develop production and overcome barriers, and through embedding their work in sustainability discourses.

Originality/value
The study addresses how, in the context of craft beer, terroir or taste of place, is a matter of social ties to place and community–social terroir. What is novel is the way in which social terroir becomes a critical ingredient in the production of craft beer. This illustrates how small-scale food production and gastronomic efforts can link people, places and businesses.
The effects of social undermining on employee voice and silence and on organizational deviant behaviors in the hotel industry
Authors: Jung Hyo Sun , Yoon Hye Hyun 
Published: August 2019

PurposeDrawing on social identity theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether social undermining significantly influences employee voice (or silence) and organizational deviant behavior in the hotel industry regarding three types of social undermining: by supervisor, coworker and customer.Design/methodology/approachThe study provided a self-administered questionnaire to 344 five-star hotel employees in South Korea. SPSS (version 22.0) and AMOS (version 20.0) were used to analyze the data.FindingsBeing undermined by customers negatively affects employee voice and positively affects employee silence. Supervisor and coworker undermining also negatively affects employee voice and positively affects employee silence. Employee voice does not significantly affect organizational deviant behavior, but employee silence significantly affects deviant employee behavior. This was also verified by the potential mediating effect of supervisor undermining on silence as a form of deviant employee behavior.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the development of long-term manager-centered measures to combat the effect of social undermining among frontline employees in the hotel industry. It can be difficult to differentiate clearly between the conflicts and stress experienced by employees at the service frontline and the social undermining they experience during diverse social interactions. In confirming the effects of social undermining on employees at a five-star hotel, the study also found no clear organizational provisions or legal recourse for victims. The findings suggest that hotel employees are easily exposed to social undermining as a result of the industry culture and socialization process.
Synthesis, properties and application in polyvinyl butyral of spirooxazine photochromic compounds
Authors: Yuan Liemei , Cai Gang , Gao Jun 
Published: August 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-methylphenol (BHT) on the thermal stability and fatigue resistance of spirooxazine and then study the properties of photochromic polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB) films.

Design/methodology/approach
BHT was introduced into the spirooxazine system by blending and covalent bonding. The properties of spirooxazine solutions and photochromic PVB films were studied.

Findings
The thermal stability and fatigue resistance of spirooxazine covalently linked (BHT-SO) or mixed (BHT/SO) with BHT were higher than the system without BHT, and BHT-SO was the better one. But acidic substance would greatly impair the fatigue resistance of spirooxazine. The optimum addition amount of BHT-SO2 to PVB was 2.5 per cent, and the minimum limit was 0.01 per cent. The fading kinetic and fatigue resistance of film were similar to the solution and better. Plasticizer could accelerate the fading rate and strengthen the mechanical properties of photochromic film but had no effect on the fatigue resistance.

Research limitations/implications
Spirooxazine could be grafted onto the PVB chain to make the ring closure fading reaction slower.

Practical implications
In addition to the wide application prospects of photochromic materials in decoration, optical storage, etc., the photochromic PVB film in the car safety glass can absorb sunlight and turn blue, then fade to colorless when the sunlight disappears, making the interior environment more comfortable.

Originality/value
The introduction of BHT into the spirooxazine system not only exerts its ability to capture free radicals, but its bulky volume also increases the resistance of the ring closure, making the fading process slower.
Equal opportunity market
Authors: Bannister Jennifer , Ho Li-Chin Jennifer , Song Xiaoxiao 
Published: August 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to compare US market reactions to the restatement announcements of foreign firms listed in the USA and those of US firms by applying the Capital Market Liability of Foreignness (CMLOF) concept. It further investigates the incremental effect of an improved information environment, proxied by analyst following, on mitigating the negative market reaction to a restatement for foreign vs domestic firms.Design/methodology/approachRegression tests are performed on a matched-sample, which matches foreign and domestic firms based on industry and firm size. Market reaction is defined as three-day abnormal stock returns calculated using a market model. The sources of CMLOF are defined as institutional distance, information costs, unfamiliarity costs and cultural distance.FindingsResults suggest that, on average, the magnitude of the market reaction to a restatement is 1.8 per cent lower for foreign firms than for domestic firms. Information and unfamiliarity costs contribute to the differing market reactions. In addition, it appears that the improved information environment created by a higher analyst following is more important for foreign firms who face CMLOF than for domestic firms.Originality/valueWhile prior research establishes a negative market reaction to restatement announcements, comparing the market reactions for foreign and domestic firms provides evidence regarding whether US investors treat foreign and domestic firms differently. Additionally, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that examines CMLOF using restatement announcements.
Nitrogen addition reduces soil respiration but increases the relative contribution of heterotrophic component in an alpine meadow
Authors: Wang Jinsong , Song Bing , Ma Fangfang , Tian Dashuan , Li Yong , Yan Tao , Quan Quan , Zhang Fangyue , Li Zhaolei , Wang Bingxue , Gao Qiang , Chen Weinan , Niu Shuli 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Disentangling the relative response sensitivity of soil autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh) to nitrogen (N) enrichment is pivotal for evaluating soil carbon (C) storage and stability in the scenario of intensified N deposition. However, the mechanisms underlying differential sensitivities of Ra and Rh and relative contribution of Rh to soil respiration (Rs) with increasing N deposition remain elusive.

A manipulative field experiment with multi‐level N addition rates was conducted over 3 years (2015–2017) in an alpine meadow to explore the relative impact of N enrichment on Ra and Rh and the response of Rh/Rs ratio to the gradient of N addition.

Soil respiration components had different sensitivities to N enrichment, with Ra decreasing more than Rh, leading to a higher Rh/Rs ratio as a function of increasing N addition rates. Ra and Rh decreased nonlinearly as N addition rates increased, with a critical load of 8 g N m−2 year−1 above which N enrichment significantly inhibited them. Ra and Rh were controlled by different abiotic and biotic factors, and the regulation of controlling factors on soil respiration components varied over time. N‐induced reduction in the relative abundance of forb significantly affected Ra, and this effect was mainly evident in the second and third years. Nitrogen enrichment significantly changed Rh in the third year, and the decreased Rh under high doses of N addition could be attributed to the changes in microbial biomass C, soil substrate quality and microbial composition.

Our study highlights the leading role of Ra in regulating Rs responses to N enrichment and the enhancement of Rh/Rs ratio with increasing N addition. We also emphasize that N‐induced shifts in plant community composition play a vital role in regulating Ra instead of Rh. The changing drivers of Ra and Rh with time suggests that long‐term experiments with multiple levels of N addition are further needed to test the nonlinear responses and underlying mechanisms of soil respiration components in face to aggravating N deposition.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co‐associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall
Authors: Deveautour Coline , Power Sally A. , Barnett Kirk L. , Ochoa‐Hueso Raul , Donn Suzanne , Bennett Alison E. , Powell Jeff R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid‐latitudes and sub‐tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community.

In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterized plant and AM fungal communities every 6 months for nearly 4 years to two altered rainfall regimes: (a) ambient, (b) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and (c) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition.

We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than 2 years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co‐associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co‐correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co‐associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities.

Synthesis. Our study shows that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses three distinct systems for sensing and using the host molecule haem
Authors: Otero‐Asman Joaquín R. , García‐García Ana I. , Civantos Cristina , Quesada José M. , Llamas María A. 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPathogens have developed several strategies to obtain iron during infection, including the use of iron‐containing molecules from the host. Haem accounts for the vast majority of the iron pool in vertebrates and thus represents an important source of iron for pathogens. Using a proteomic approach, we have identified in this work a previously uncharacterized system, which we name Hxu, that together with the known Has and Phu systems, is used by the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to respond to haem. We show that the Has and Hxu systems are functional signal transduction pathways of the cell‐surface signalling class and report the mechanism triggering the activation of these signalling systems. Both signalling cascades involve an outer membrane receptor (HasR and HxuA respectively) that upon sensing haem in the extracellular medium produces the activation of an σECF factor in the cytosol. HxuA has a major role in signalling and a minor role in haem acquisition in conditions in which the HasR and PhuR receptors or other sources of iron are present. Remarkably, P. aeruginosa compensates the lack of the HasR receptor by increasing the production of HxuA, which underscores the importance of haem signalling for this pathogen.
The response of Microcystis aeruginosa strain MGK to a single or two consecutive H2O2 applications
Authors: Daniel Einat , Weiss Gad , Murik Omer , Sukenik Assaf , Lieman‐Hurwitz Judy , Kaplan Aaron 
Published: August 2019

SummaryVarious approaches have been proposed to control/eliminate toxic Microcystis sp. blooms including H2O2 treatments. Earlier studies showed that pre‐exposure of various algae to oxidative stress induced massive cell death when cultures were exposed to an additional H2O2 treatment. We examined the vulnerability of exponential and stationary‐phase Microcystis sp. strain MGK cultures to single and double H2O2 applications. Stationary cultures show a much higher ability to decompose H2O2 than younger cultures. Nevertheless, they are more sensitive to an additional H2O2 dose given 1–6 h after the first one. Transcript analyses following H2O2 application showed a fast rise in glutathione peroxidase abundance (227‐fold within an hour) followed by a steep decline thereafter. Other genes potentially engaged in oxidative stress were far less affected. Metabolic‐related genes were downregulated after H2O2 treatments. Among those examined, the transcript level of prk (encoding phosphoribulose kinase) was the slowest to recover in agreement with the decline in photosynthetic rate revealed by fluorescence measurements. Our findings shed light on the response of Microcystis MGK to oxidative stress suggesting that two consecutive H2O2 applications of low concentrations are far more effective in controlling Microcystis sp. population than a single dose of a higher concentration.
CORIGAN: Assessing multiple species and interactions within images
Authors: Tresson Paul , Tixier Philippe , Puech William , Bagny Beilhe Leïla , Roudine Sacha , Pagès Christine , Carval Dominique 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Images are resourceful data for ecologists and can provide a more complete information than other methods to study biodiversity and the interactions between species. Automated image analysis however often relies on extensive datasets, not implementable by small research teams. We are here proposing an object detection method that allows the analysis of high‐resolution images containing many animals interacting in a small dataset.

We developed an image analysis pipeline named ‘CORIGAN’ to extract the characteristics of animal communities. CORIGAN is based on the YOLOv3 model as the core of object detection. To illustrate potential applications, we use images collected during a sentinel prey experiment.

Our pipeline can be used to detect, count and study the physical interactions between various animals. On our example dataset, the model reaches 86.6% precision and 88.9% recall at the species level or even at the caste level for ants. The training set required fewer than 10 hr of labelling. Based on the pipeline output, it was possible to build the trophic and non‐trophic interactions network describing the studied community.

CORIGAN relies on generic properties of the detected animals and can be used for a wide range of studies and supports. Here, we study invertebrates on high‐resolution images, but the same processing can be transferred for the study of larger animals on satellite or aircraft images.
Aging‐related carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 signaling promotes vascular dysfunction
Authors: Kleefeldt Florian , Bömmel Heike , Broede Britta , Thomsen Michael , Pfeiffer Verena , Wörsdörfer Philipp , Karnati Srikanth , Wagner Nicole , Rueckschloss Uwe , Ergün Süleyman 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAging is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and therefore of particular interest for the prevention of cardiovascular events. However, the mechanisms underlying vascular aging are not well understood. Since carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is crucially involved in vascular homeostasis, we sought to identify the role ofCEACAM1 in vascular aging. Using human internal thoracic artery and murine aorta, we show thatCEACAM1 is upregulated in the course of vascular aging. Further analyses demonstrated thatTNF‐α isCEACAM1‐dependently upregulated in the aging vasculature. Vice versa,TNF‐α inducesCEACAM1 expression. This results in a feed‐forward loop in the aging vasculature that maintains a chronic pro‐inflammatory milieu. Furthermore, we demonstrate that age‐associated vascular alterations, that is, increased oxidative stress and vascular fibrosis, due to increased medial collagen deposition crucially depend on the presence ofCEACAM1. Additionally, age‐dependent upregulation of vascularCEACAM1 expression contributes to endothelial barrier impairment, putatively via increasedVEGF/VEGFR‐2 signaling. Consequently, aging‐related upregulation of vascularCEACAM1 expression results in endothelial dysfunction that may promote atherosclerotic plaque formation in the presence of additional risk factors. Our data suggest thatCEACAM1 might represent an attractive target in order to delay physiological aging and therefore the transition to vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis.
Connectivity or isolation? Identifying reintroduction sites for multiple conservation objectives for wisents in Poland
Authors: Perzanowski K. , Bleyhl B. , Olech W. , Kuemmerle T. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLarge herbivores and carnivores today often only occupy small fractions of their former ranges, and restoring them is a conservation priority. Reintroductions may serve two critical goals in this context: (1) to expand and connect existing populations, or (2) to increase the number of separate populations as insurance in case individual populations are lost, for example, to disease. We developed an approach to identify reintroduction sites for both purposes, using an applied example of European bison or wisent (Bison bonasus) in Poland. Using a large occurrence dataset from all extant herds in Poland, we mapped suitable wisent habitats throughout Poland using a species distribution modelling approach. We identified 47 patches of suitable habitat, together covering 20,710 km2, and used graph theory tools to identify the top candidate reintroduction sites for (1) connecting existing herds into larger metapopulations or (2) establishing ‘reservoir’ herds that could serve as a backup in case of mass die‐offs. The most well‐connected habitat patches ranged between 203 and 728 km2 and occurred mainly in north‐western and south‐eastern Poland, in close vicinity to other free‐ranging herds. In contrast, candidate sites for reservoir herds were smaller (204–410 km2) and occurred mainly in central Poland. Our approach provides a possible blueprint for wisent reintroductions in Poland. More broadly, our work also highlights how jointly planning for multiple conservation goals for wide‐ranging species that depend on reintroductions or translocations can be achieved at the regional scale.
Vaccine mandates, value pluralism, and policy diversity
Authors: Navin Mark C. , Attwell Katie 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolitical communities across the world have recently sought to tackle rising rates of vaccine hesitancy and refusal, by implementing coercive immunization programs, or by making existing immunization programs more coercive. Many academics and advocates of public health have applauded these policy developments, and they have invoked ethical reasons for implementing or strengthening vaccine mandates. Others have criticized these policies on ethical grounds, for undermining liberty, and as symptoms of broader government overreach. But such arguments often obscure or abstract away from the diverse values that are relevant to the ethical justifications of particular political communities’ vaccine‐mandate policies. We argue for an expansive conception of the normative issues relevant to deciding whether and how to establish or reform vaccine mandates, and we propose a schema by which to organize our thoughts about the ways in which different kinds of vaccine‐mandate policies implicate various values.