bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multilevel power dynamics shaping employer anti-sexual harassment efforts in Lebanon
Authors: Karam Charlotte , Ghanem May 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThe #MeToo movement against sexual harassment (SH) has sparked a sense of familiarity, and collective anger among women, highlighting it as a pervasive and common experience across the globe. The purpose of this paper is to argue that despite shared experiences and such transnational movements, the ways in which SH is actually understood and combated are likely to be different in disparate National Business Systems (NBS). Through the analysis, the authors unpack these differences by paying specific attention to the multilevel power dynamics shaping how employers and their key stakeholders understand and respond to SH in Lebanon.Design/methodology/approachAgainst the backdrop of the complex and inefficient Lebanese NBS, the authors adopt a cross-cultural feminist analytic framework and engage in an iterative qualitative analysis of over 208 pages of transcriptions from relevant multisector, multi-stakeholder interactive sessions. Based on the analysis, the authors propose a series of first- and second-order concepts and themes that help us to trace how power shapes local SH understandings and related efforts.FindingsThe findings highlight the simultaneous influence of power through geopolitical forces external to Lebanon (i.e. power over through North-centricism and othering; power to through comparative perspectives and SDG regulations), combined with local forces embedded within the specific NBS (i.e. power over through negative attitudes and NBS specificities; power to through positive business efforts and local multistakeholder mobilizing).Originality/valueThe findings demonstrate the importance of paying attention to the interaction between power, contextual embeddedness and geopolitical considerations in attempts to advance SH theorization.
A set of parameters for automatically annotating a Sentiment Arabic Corpus
Authors: Imane Guellil , Kareem Darwish , Faical Azouaou 
Published: October 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to propose an approach to automatically annotate a large corpus in Arabic dialect. This corpus is used in order to analyse sentiments of Arabic users on social medias. It focuses on the Algerian dialect, which is a sub-dialect of Maghrebi Arabic. Although Algerian is spoken by roughly 40 million speakers, few studies address the automated processing in general and the sentiment analysis in specific for Algerian.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is based on the construction and use of a sentiment lexicon to automatically annotate a large corpus of Algerian text that is extracted from Facebook. Using this approach allow to significantly increase the size of the training corpus without calling the manual annotation. The annotated corpus is then vectorized using document embedding (doc2vec), which is an extension of word embeddings (word2vec). For sentiments classification, the authors used different classifiers such as support vector machines (SVM), Naive Bayes (NB) and logistic regression (LR).FindingsThe results suggest that NB and SVM classifiers generally led to the best results and MLP generally had the worst results. Further, the threshold that the authors use in selecting messages for the training set had a noticeable impact on recall and precision, with a threshold of 0.6 producing the best results. Using PV-DBOW led to slightly higher results than using PV-DM. Combining PV-DBOW and PV-DM representations led to slightly lower results than using PV-DBOW alone. The best results were obtained by the NB classifier with F1 up to 86.9 per cent.Originality/valueThe principal originality of this paper is to determine the right parameters for automatically annotating an Algerian dialect corpus. This annotation is based on a sentiment lexicon that was also constructed automatically.
Interaction between task characteristics and technology affordances
Authors: Fu Jindi , Shang Rong-An , Jeyaraj Anand , Sun Yuan , Hu Feng 
Published: October 2019

Purpose
Enterprise social media (ESM) usage has gained considerable momentum within organizations. The purpose of this paper is to seek a better understanding of ESM usage based on the task environments and the technology affordances of ESM.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a survey consisting of 556 usable responses. Regression methods are applied to analyze the data.

Findings
This study finds strong support for the positive impact of task-technology fit on ESM usage. Considering separately, task equivocality had no impact; task interdependence had a negative effect on ESM usage; bridging social capital had a positive effect; and bonding social capital had a marginal impact on ESM usage.

Research limitations/implications
This research incorporated social capital into discussions of task-technology fit. A 2×2 matrix based on task equivocality and task interdependence was developed, which may be extended to other contexts or technologies.

Practical implications
ESM implementation should account for both task environments and the appropriate technology affordances. Individuals access bridging social capital to a greater extent than bonding social capital using ESM, and they do not use ESM when the task environments alone are considered.

Originality/value
This is an original study that considers task environments and technology affordances in the context of ESM usage. The findings offer valuable and timely contributions to both scholars and practitioners.
Analyzing person‐exposure patterns in lone‐actor terrorism
Authors: Clemmow Caitlin , Bouhana Noémie , Gill Paul 
Published: October 2019

Research SummaryThe lone‐actor terrorist population can be extremely heterogeneous and difficult to detect. Intelligence is vital to countering this threat. We devise a typology of person–exposure patterns (PEPs) that could serve as a framework for intelligence gathering and threat assessment. We use cluster analysis and a risk analysis framework (RAF) to identify relations among three components: propensity, situation, and network. The results of the analysis reveal four PEPs: solitary, susceptible, situational, and selection. The solitary PEP lacks common indicators of a propensity to pursue terrorist action. The susceptible PEP reveals cognitive susceptibility, manifesting as mental illness, to be a key factor in the emergence of a terrorist propensity. The situational PEP demonstrates how situational stressors may act as warnings of acceleration toward violent action. Lastly, the selection PEP demonstrates higher frequencies of leakage and antecedent violent behaviors.Policy ImplicationsOur findings have two key policy implications. First, given the multifinality of terrorism risk indicators, we suggest a move toward a structured‐professional judgement approach to the risk analysis of lone‐actor terrorists. Second, we present the PEP typology as a framework for intelligence gathering. Existing frameworks are predominantly focused on mobilization indicators. We suggest expanding data collection to include propensity and situational indicators, as operationalized here, and using the PEP typology to inform decisions about the emergence of the motivation to commit an attack. To do so, it is necessary to pursue a multiagency approach to intelligence gathering.
Calcific tendinosis of rotator cuff with intraosseous extension
Authors: Jain Tarun Pankaj , Damiani Maurizio 
Published: October 2019

SummaryCalcific tendinosis is characterized by macroscopic deposits of hydroxyapatite within the tendon. Commonest location is rotator cuff of shoulder. Cortical erosion with intraosseous migration of calcium deposits is rare complication of this condition. It may be confused with neoplasm or infection, resulting in unnecessary biopsies or interventions. The knowledge of this uncommon complication and its appearance should enable its detection by imaging and lead to specific treatment.
APIS: An auto‐adaptive parentage inference software that tolerates missing parents
Authors: Griot Ronan , Allal François , Brard‐Fudulea Sophie , Morvezen Romain , Haffray Pierrick , Phocas Florence , Vandeputte Marc 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the context of parentage assignment using genomic markers, key issues are genotyping errors and an absence of parent genotypes because of sampling, traceability or genotyping problems. Most likelihood‐based parentage assignment software programs require a priori estimates of genotyping errors and the proportion of missing parents to set up meaningful assignment decision rules. We present here the R package APIS, which can assign offspring to their parents without any prior information other than the offspring and parental genotypes, and a user‐defined, acceptable error rate among assigned offspring. Assignment decision rules use the distributions of average Mendelian transmission probabilities, which enable estimates of the proportion of offspring with missing parental genotypes. APIS has been compared to other software (CERVUS, VITASSIGN), on a real European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) single nucleotide polymorphism data set. The type I error rate (false positives) was lower with APIS than with other software, especially when parental genotypes were missing, but the true positive rate was also lower, except when the theoretical exclusion power reached 0.99999. In general, APIS provided assignments that satisfied the user‐set acceptable error rate of 1% or 5%, even when tested on simulated data with high genotyping error rates (1% or 3%) and up to 50% missing sires. Because it uses the observed distribution of Mendelian transmission probabilities, APIS is best suited to assigning parentage when numerous offspring (>200) are genotyped. We have demonstrated that APIS is an easy‐to‐use and reliable software for parentage assignment, even when up to 50% of sires are missing.
Cultivating Clients: Reputation, Responsiveness, and Ethnic Indifference in India's Slums
Authors: Michael Auerbach Adam , Thachil Tariq 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStudies of clientelism overwhelmingly focus on how brokers target voters with top‐down benefits during elections. Yet brokers also receive requests from voters for assistance between elections, initiating the processes through which they cultivate clients. Why are brokers responsive to the requests of some voters and not others? We provide the first study of broker preferences when evaluating client appeals. Theories emphasizing brokers as vote monitors anticipate they will prefer co‐partisans and coethnics, whose reciprocity they can best verify. Theories emphasizing brokers as vote mobilizers anticipate they will prefer residents who will maximize their reputations for efficacy. We test these expectations through a conjoint experiment with 629 Indian slum leaders, ethnographic fieldwork, and a survey of 2,199 slum residents. We find evidence of reputational considerations shaping broker responsiveness. We find mixed support for monitoring concerns, highlighted by an absence of the strong ethnic favoritism assumed to dominate distributive politics in many developing countries.
JTE‐013 supplementation improves erectile dysfunction in rats with streptozotocin‐induced type Ⅰ diabetes through the inhibition of the rho‐kinase pathway, fibrosis, and apoptosis
Authors: Liu K. , Cui K. , Feng H. , Li R. , Lin H. , Chen Y. , Zhang Y. , Chen Z. , Yuan H. , Li M. , Wang T. , Lan R. , Liu J. , Rao K. , Wen B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common complication in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) that severely affects the patients' quality of life. However, the effectiveness of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in these patients is poor. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) are important factors regulating the Rho‑kinase pathway, and understanding these factors may provide ideas for new therapeutic strategies for ED.ObjectivesTo investigate whether the S1PR2 receptor antagonist JTE‐013 could improve DM‐induced ED (DMED) in rats and to explore the potential mechanisms.Materials and methodsWe used 50 male Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old) for this experiment. Type Ⅰ DM was induced in forty‐two rats via streptozotocin administration; the rest of the rats served as controls. Eight weeks after DM induction, rats with ED were selected via an apomorphine test. Eight of them were injected intraperitoneally with JTE‐013 each day for 4 weeks. The rest were fed under the same conditions for 4 weeks. Erectile function was measured by cavernous nerve electrostimulation. The expression levels of related signaling pathways were evaluated using Western blotting, real‐time PCR, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsErectile function was significantly impaired in the DMED group compared with the control group and was partially improved in the DMED + JTE‐013 group. The expression of S1PR2 and the activity of the RhoA/ROCK/phospho‐myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (p‐MYPT1) pathway proteins were higher in the DMED group than in the other two groups, and JTE‐013 treatment significantly reduced the expression/activity of these proteins. Furthermore, the DMED group showed severe corporal fibrosis, a higher apoptotic index and increased activity in the TGF‐β1/LIMK2/Cofilin pathway compared with the control group. JTE‐013 supplementation significantly ameliorated these pathological changes.Discussion and conclusionJTE‐013 supplementation partially improved erectile function in rats with DMED, likely by inhibiting smooth muscle contraction, corporal fibrosis, and apoptosis.
Importance of lead aVR on predicting adverse cardiac events in patients with noncompaction cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ekizler Firdevs Aysenur , Cay Serkan , Ulvan Nedret , Tekin Tak Bahar , Cetin Elif Hande Ozcan , Kafes Habibe , Ozeke Ozcan , Ozcan Firat , Topaloglu Serkan , Tufekcioglu Omac , Aras Dursun 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundNoncompaction cardiomyopathy (NCCM) is a relatively rare cardiac abnormality with high rates of mortality and morbidity. T‐wave amplitudes during ventricular repolarization in lead aVR (TaVR) have been reported to be associated with the prognosis of various cardiovascular diseases. This study sought to investigate the prevalence and prognostic role of positive TaVR in patients with NCCM.MethodsWe evaluated consecutive 161 patients with NCCM (65.8% men, mean age 42.5 ± 15.2 years old). Presentation electrocardiogram was assessed regarding classical parameters as well as T‐wave amplitudes in lead aVR. The primary endpoint was defined as composite lethal arrhythmic events, including sudden cardiac death, ventricular fibrillation, or sustained ventricular tachycardia or appropriate implantable cardioverter–defibrillator shock. Heart failure requiring hospitalization, cardiovascular death, and all‐cause mortality were also investigated as secondary endpoints.ResultsPatients with positive TaVR showed higher rates for arrhythmic events, hospitalization for heart failure, and death compared with patients without it. In multivariate Cox model, after adjusting for other known clinical and electrocardiographic risk factors, the positive TaVR was found to be a strong independent predictor of primary endpoint (HR: 4.8, 95% CI: 1.2–19.3; p = .025) and all‐cause death (HR: 3.5, 95% CI: 1.0–12.1; p = .045).ConclusionOur findings revealed that positive TaVR is significantly and independently associated with adverse outcomes in NCCM patients. This unique ECG criterion in the often ignored lead provides incremental information beyond what is available with other traditional risk factors.
Conservation and restoration of Nardus grasslands in the Swiss northern Alps
Authors: Kurtogullari Yasemin , Rieder Nora Simone , Arlettaz Raphaël , Humbert Jean‐Yves 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAim: Species‐rich Nardus grasslands are high nature‐value habitats. In Switzerland, many of these grasslands are degraded even though they have been under protection since the 1980s. Degradation shows two divergent trends: Nardus grasslands are either dominated by Nardus stricta or by eutrophic plants, both trends leading to the disappearance of typical Nardus grassland species. With this study, we aim to identify the factors that could be adjusted to conserve the integrity of this habitat.Location: Bernese Alps, Switzerland.Methods: In 2016, we investigated the underlying causes of this degradation process by assessing vegetation composition in 48 Nardus grasslands located in the Swiss northern Alps of canton Bern and linking it to soil, management and environmental variables. To explore the effect of the degradation on higher trophic levels, orthopteran species richness and densities were assessed.Results: Results show that Nardus meadows (mown) are rarely degraded compared to Nardus pastures (grazed). Within pastures, eutrophic plants are most abundant on small pastures with low soil carbon/nitrogen ratio, indicating high nutrient availability. Nardus stricta dominance is most problematic on north‐exposed slopes and in summer pastures. A plausible driver of both degradation trends is the grazing management regime: within small pastures at low elevation where the grazing periods are short but intense, soil carbon/nitrogen ratio is low because of high dung deposition, thus the eutrophic species become dominant. Contrastingly, on large summer pastures with low‐intensity and long‐term grazing, N. stricta becomes dominant due to selective grazing. Both degradation trends show a negative impact on the orthopteran density.Conclusion: Species‐rich Nardus grasslands are a precious alpine habitat for specialised plant species and orthopterans. With an extensive mowing regime or a more controlled grazing regime that homogenises intensity in time and space, species‐rich Nardus grasslands can be conserved in Switzerland.
Optimal teicoplanin loading regimen to rapidly achieve target trough plasma concentration in critically ill patients
Authors: Li Hao , Gao Lan , Zhou Linjing , Wang Yang , Li Qi , Wang Jin , Chen Tianjun , Zhang Yongjian , Wang Taotao , Shi Qindong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTeicoplanin is used for the treatment of Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. It has been demonstrated that conventional loading regimen was insufficient for teicoplanin to achieve target trough plasma concentration (Cmin > 10 mg/L). Therefore, a Chinese expert group recommended an optimal loading dose regimen of teicoplanin to treat severe Gram‐positive infection. However, there was no report about the teicoplanin concentration, and the safety and efficacy of teicoplanin therapy in Chinese patients since the consensus was published. The objective of this study was to compare the teicoplanin Cmin and clinical response in critically ill Chinese patients after the administration of conventional or optimal loading regimen, and to reveal the potential factors that may affect teicoplanin Cmin in addition to loading regimen. Fifty‐five patients were retrospectively divided into two groups based on teicoplanin loading regimen: (a) CD group (conventional loading dose group, n = 18, loading dose was 400 mg); (b) OD group (optimal loading dose group, n = 37, loading dose was 800 mg). Initially, three loading doses were administered every 12 hours, while the fourth loading dose was injected 24 hours after the third dose. The maintenance dose was 400 mg (CD group) or 800 mg (OD group), respectively. The mean teicoplanin Cmin on day 2 and day 4 in the OD group was significantly higher than those in the CD group, which were 14.75 ± 5.93 mg/L vs 8.26 ± 4.87 mg/L (P < .001) and 14.90 ± 5.20 mg/L vs 9.13 ± 4.75 mg/L (P = .019), respectively. The percentages of patients in the OD group achieving the target teicoplanin Cmin on day 2 and day 4 were also significantly higher than those in the CD group, which were 83.7% vs 33.3% (P < .001) and 82.4% vs 28.6% (P = .0013), respectively. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that body‐weight exerted significant effect on teicoplanin Cmin in the OD group. The percentage of favourable clinical response in the OD group was significantly higher than that in the CD group (83.8% vs 55.6%, P = .025). There was no difference between teicoplanin adverse effects in the two groups. The study demonstrated that the optimal loading dose regimen of teicoplanin can rapidly reach target Cmin, and result in a good clinical efficacy and low adverse effect in critically ill Chinese patients.
Retroviral sero‐reactivity in LGL leukaemia patients and family members
Authors: Nyland Susan B. , Feith David J. , Poss Mary , Olson Thomas L. , Krissinger Daniel J. , Poiesz Bernard J. , Ruscetti Francis W. , Loughran Thomas P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractT‐cell large granular lymphocyte (T‐LGL) leukaemia is characterized by a clonal proliferation of cytotoxic T cells and is frequently associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Sera from some LGL leukaemia patients react to a portion of the human T‐cell leukaemia virus (HTLV‐1/2) transmembrane envelope protein, BA21, although HTLV‐1/2 infection is rare in LGL leukaemia patients. Here we show that family members, including spouses, of an LGL leukaemia patient had elevated LGL counts, BA21 reactivity and, additionally, recognition of HIV‐1 gp41. Thus, both LGL leukaemia patients and clinically normal contacts sharing the same environment have evidence of exposure to a retrovirus.
Communicative roots of complex sociality and cognition
Authors: Roberts Anna I. , Roberts Sam G. B. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMammals living in more complex social groups typically have large brains for their body size and many researchers have proposed that the primary driver of the increase in brain size through primate and hominin evolution was the selection pressures associated with sociality. Many mammals, and especially primates, use flexible signals that show a high degree of voluntary control and these signals may play an important role in forming and maintaining social relationships between group members. However, the specific role that cognitive skills play in this complex communication, and how in turn this relates to sociality, is still unclear. The hypothesis for the communicative roots of complex sociality and cognition posits that cognitive demands behind the communication needed to form and maintain bonded social relationships in complex social settings drives the link between brain size and sociality. We review the evidence in support of this hypothesis and why key features of cognitively complex communication such as intentionality and referentiality should be more effective in forming and maintaining bonded relationships as compared with less cognitively complex communication. Exploring the link between cognition, communication and sociality provides insights into how increasing flexibility in communication can facilitate the emergence of social systems characterised by bonded social relationships, such as those found in non‐human primates and humans. To move the field forward and carry out both within‐ and among‐species comparisons, we advocate the use of social network analysis, which provides a novel way to describe and compare social structure. Using this approach can lead to a new, systematic way of examining social and communicative complexity across species, something that is lacking in current comparative studies of social structure.