bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards automatic fake news classification
Authors: Ghosh Souvick , Shah Chirag 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe interaction of technology with humans has many adverse effects. The rapid growth and outreach of the social media and the Web have led to the dissemination of questionable and untrusted content among a wider audience, which has negatively influenced their lives and judgment. Many research studies have been conducted to tackle the detection and spreading of fake news, which is misinformation that looks genuine. While the first step of such tasks would be to classify claims associated based on their credibility, the next steps would involve identifying hidden patterns in style, syntax, and content of such news claims. We propose a generalized method based on Deep Neural Networks to detect if a given claim is fake or genuine. We have used a modular approach by combining techniques from information retrieval, natural language processing, and deep learning. Our classifier comprises two main submodules. The first submodule uses the claim to retrieve relevant articles from the knowledge base which can then be used to verify the truth of the claim. It also uses word‐level features for prediction. The second submodule uses a deep neural network to learn the underlying style of fake content. Our experiments conducted on benchmark datasets show that for the given classification task we can obtain up to 82.4% accuracy by using a combination of two models; the first model was up to 72% accurate while the second model was around 81% accurate. Our detection model has the potential to automatically detect and prevent the spread of fake news, thus, limiting the caustic influence of technology in the human lives.
Digital assistants and human values
Authors: Golden Kathryn E. , Fleischmann Kenneth R. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAre digital assistants sensitive to the values of their users? In this paper, we report the results of ten interviews with users of Apple's Siri, Amazon's Alexa, and Google Assistant about how they use these digital assistants. Our thematic analysis led us to identify three key themes across the ten interview transcripts: functionality of the technology, trust in the manufacturer, and privacy versus convenience. We conclude that the manufacturers of digital assistants need to be sensitive to users' values when designing and deploying these technologies.
Conceptualizing research ethics on scientific data sharing: Evidence from biological scientists
Authors: Ju Boryung , Kim Youngseek 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of our study of biological scientists' formation of research ethics for data sharing intentions. Based on consequential theorists' perspective of ethics, it examines what the main contributing factors affecting biological scientists' formation of research ethics for data sharing are. By analyzing an online survey with 577 respondents with SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) technique, the paper identifies the extent to which egoism factors and utilitarian factors influence their research ethics formation, which eventually leads to their data sharing intentions.
Evaluating social media information: Impact of academic background, purpose of use, and perceived importance of information quality
Authors: Kim Kyung‐Sun , Sin Sei‐Ching Joanna 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIssues with inaccurate information on social media have caused a rising concern. In addition to improving students' knowledge and skills in evaluating the quality of social media information, there is also a need to understand potential barriers such as students' lack of attention to information quality. Surveying over 1,800 students, the current study investigated the relationships among students' perceived importance of finding quality information, academic background, purposes of social media use, and evaluative actions taken. A multiple regression analysis revealed that two purposes of use and other academic backgrounds are related to the perceived importance of finding quality information from social media. Further investigation through correspond‐ ence analysis revealed distinctive clusters of evaluative actions when the purpose of use was to get background information from social media – the purpose closely related to the perceived importance of finding quality information. Implications of the findings on information literacy education were discussed.
A model for analyzing and understanding how novice researchers construct source authority
Authors: Rosenzweig James , Thill Mary , Lambert Frank 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis bibliometric pilot study presents a modified assessment taxonomy devised originally by Leeder, Markey, and Yakel (2012) and demonstrates how to apply it to assess the resources used in the construction of student academic research papers. Besides discussing this assessment tool, we present empirical data of its application, the result of a pilot study conducted at a medium sized Midwestern American university, based on the analysis of a sample of papers written for a freshman level English composition class. Our findings, among many, demonstrate that just one in 700 academic resources cited in these papers comes from a resource like Wikipedia, and that 52% of resources cited in student papers fall into the five taxonomic category combinations. Besides being used for assessment, this taxonomy may reveal models of information usage in future research.
Visibility of disciplines in academic web space
Authors: Yang Bo , Sun Ying 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn academic web space, only a small portion of hyperlinks point to topic‐related contents, while most of them are designed for general use. In this study, a hierarchy affiliation model (department‐school‐university) is proposed to extract discipline structure from linkage network and then to evaluate the discipline visibility on academic web. The case study of the Chinese academic web shows that this hierarchy model performs better in detecting disciplines on academic web over that was applied previously to a similar sample set.
Promoting healthy lifestyle via mobile‐health technology for African American young adults
Authors: Yoo‐Lee EunYoung , Kim Kyung‐Sun 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTAs part of a theory‐based project, this study reports the first phase of elicitation interviews to design and implement an effective information intervention with an emphasis on behavior changes in life style. The results of the study will be used to test the efficacy of mobile‐health (m‐Health) as a promising intervention tool for African American young adults in urban communities.
Case study on a fire within a road‐based portable bitumen storage tanker
Authors: Pittman William , Mannan M. Sam 
Published: February 2019

The roofing industry makes use of bitumen to build and repair roofs of residential and commercial structures. It is therefore necessary to transport the material over roadways and into residential and light commercial areas within cities. This is oftentimes accomplished by hauling the material behind trucks in large tankers that often have capacities of a few thousand gal. The material is flammable however and emits toxic and flammable off‐gases as it ages. As such, the storage, handling, transportation, and use of this material is inherently hazardous and these road portable tankers present a hazard not only to the companies and employees that use them, but also to the communities and businesses the companies serve.This article examines the events leading up to a fire that began within one such towed bitumen storage tanker used by a roofing company in Montreal in 2009. The incident is reviewed along with the hazards posed by these tankers. Conclusions are presented with regard to the causation of the fire based on the design of the tanker and available information. The learnings from this incident may prove helpful to other businesses that process, store, and use high molecular weight, sulfur‐containing hydrocarbon mixtures. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog: e12038 2019
Analysis of chlorination by‐products in swimming pool water by membrane introduction mass spectrometry – Influence of water physicochemical parameters
Authors: Tsamba Lucie , Correc Olivier , Le Cloirec Pierre , Cimetière Nicolas 
Published: February 2019

RationaleChlorine reacts in swimming pools with several compounds released by bathers to form disinfection by‐products (DBPs). Epidemiological studies have shown adverse effects on health associated with the exposure to DBPs present in indoor swimming pool atmosphere. DBPs analyses require the use of multiple techniques depending on the targeted molecules. The measurement process itself is challenging due to the low stability of several compounds and the lack of specificity of certain methods. The Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (MIMS) technique provides a solution to these problems by specific and sensitive in situ measurement of DBPs. This study investigates the effect of analytical conditions on quantification of DBPs and assesses the relevance of using MIMS for reliable analysis under typical swimming pool operating conditions.MethodsMIMS is based on the simultaneous permeation of the selected compounds from the air or water samples through a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane. DBPs are identified and quantified with a quadrupole analyzer after electron ionization. Limits of quantification (LOQs) of five DBPs are determined to assess the sensitivity of the system. Moreover, signal changes are monitored while varying physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH and ionic strength.ResultsThe mass spectra obtained for individual molecules show that the simultaneous measurement of trihalomethanes (THMs) and chloramines requires the monitoring of several ions and mathematical corrections of the signal. The pH and ionic strength of the solution do not significantly influence the determination of THMs. On the contrary, the temperature and hydraulics at the membrane interface must be controlled for accurate determination of DBPs.ConclusionsResults confirm that MIMS is a promising technology for the simultaneous quantification of volatile DBPs in both water and air of swimming pools. However, operating conditions such as membrane temperature should be treated with great care in order to avoid interferences.
Overconfidence among option traders
Authors: Chen Han‐Sheng , Sabherwal Sanjiv 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe investor overconfidence theory predicts a direct relationship between market‐wide turnover and lagged market return. However, previous research has examined this prediction in the equity market, we focus on trading in the options market. Controlling for stock market cross‐sectional volatility, stock idiosyncratic risk, and option market volatility, we find that option trading turnover is positively related to past stock market return. In addition, call option turnover and call to put ratio are also positively associated with the past stock market return. These findings are consistent with the overconfidence theory. We also find that overconfident investors trade more in the options market than in the equity market. We rule out explanations other than investor overconfidence, such as momentum trading and varying risk preferences, for our findings.
Altruism and egoism in investment decisions
Authors: Brodback Daniel , Guenster Nadja , Mezger David 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe provide survey evidence that personal values have an impact on individual investment decisions, in particular preferences for socially responsible investing. Our findings show that there is a positive link between altruistic values and the relative importance of social responsibility. This effect is stronger when individuals believe that they can make a positive social or environmental impact with their investments, or when they feel morally obliged to invest responsibly. If altruistic individuals associate responsible investments with higher returns, it decreases their motivation to invest responsibly. Egoistic values are negatively associated with the decision to invest responsibly, unless individuals associate responsible investing with higher returns.
Preschoolers’ Alphabet Learning: Cognitive, Teaching Sequence, and English Proficiency Influences
Authors: Roberts Theresa A. , Vadasy Patricia F. , Sanders Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn the study, the authors addressed two areas of inquiry: the influence of enlisting three underlying cognitive learning processes in alphabet learning, and order effects for letter name and letter sound instruction. Alphabet instruction was designed to enlist paired‐associate learning (PAL) only, PAL plus orthographic learning, or PAL plus articulatory learning. Subjects were 94 preschool children, including 35 dual‐language learners, in eight public preschool classrooms with low‐income eligibility thresholds. Children were randomly assigned within each classroom to small groups that were randomly assigned to one of the three treatments and to one of two orders in which letter names and letter sounds were taught. Research assistants provided 10 weeks of instruction for 12–15 minutes per day, four days a week. All children in the three treatments made significant growth from pretest to posttest on all measures of alphabet learning. Children in the PAL‐only condition had significantly higher gains than the sample average on four of the five alphabet measures. Post hoc tests showed that PAL only significantly outperformed the other two conditions on four of the five measures but only for native English‐speaking children. No evidence of differences among treatments was found for dual‐language learners. Additionally, there was no main effect for order of letter name or letter sound instruction, although teaching letter sounds before letter names was statistically significantly better in the PAL‐only treatment. Findings support explicit alphabet instruction emphasizing the relation between verbal letter labels and letter forms that enlists PAL processes.
Urea‐2,2‐dihydroperoxypropane as a Novel and High Oxygen Content Alternative to Dihydroperoxypropane in Several Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Khosravi Kaveh , Naserifar Shirin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUrea‐2,2‐dihydroperoxypropane (UDHPP)‐ a white crystalline solid oxidant which is formed when urea is recrystallized from dihydroperoxypropane‐ was applied as the terminal oxidant in several oxidative procedures namely epoxidation of α, β‐unsaturated ketones and alkenes, oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and sulfones, bayer‐villeger reaction, bromination and iodation of aniline and phenol derivatives, oxidative esterification, oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes, thiocyanation of aromatic compounds, and oxidation of pyridines, oxidation of secondary, allylic and benzylic alcohols. All the approaches were carried out under mild conditions and short reaction times and afforded the corresponding products in high yields.
Water‐Stable Chemical‐Protective Textiles via Euhedral Surface‐Oriented 2D Cu–TCPP Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Lee Dennis T. , Jamir Jovenal D. , Peterson Gregory W. , Parsons Gregory N. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAbatement of chemical hazards using adsorptive metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) attracts substantial attention, but material stability and crystal integration into functional systems remain key challenges. Herein, water‐stable, polymer fiber surface–oriented M–TCPP [M = Cu, Zn, and Co; H2TCPP = 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐carboxyphenyl)porphyrin] 2D MOF crystals are fabricated using a facile hydroxy double salt (HDS) solid‐source conversion strategy. For the first time, Cu–TCPP is formed from a solid source and confirmed to be highly adsorptive for NH3 and 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), a blistering agent simulant, in humid (80% relative humidity (RH)) conditions. Moreover, the solid HDS source is found as a unique new approach to control MOF thin‐film crystal orientation, thereby facilitating radially arranged MOF crystals on fibers. On a per unit mass of MOF basis in humid conditions, the MOF/fiber composite enhances NH3 adsorptive capacity by a factor of 3 compared to conventionally prepared MOF powders. The synthesis route extends to other MOF/fiber composite systems, therefore providing a new route for chemically protective materials.
L∞ algebras and tensor hierarchies in Exceptional Field Theory and Gauged Supergravity
Authors: Cagnacci Yago , Codina Tomas , Marques Diego 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe show how the gauge and field structure of the tensor hierarchies in Double andE7(7)Exceptional Field Theory fits intoL∞algebras. Special attention is paid to redefinitions, the role of covariantly constrained fields and intertwiners. The results are connected to Gauged Supergravities through generalized Scherk-Schwarz reductions. We find that certain gauging-dependent parameters generate trivial gauge transformations, giving rise to novel symmetries for symmetries that are absent in their ungauged counterparts.
Chromosomes in the DNA era: Perspectives in diagnostics and research
Authors: Weise Anja , Mrasek Kristin , Pentzold Constanze , Liehr Thomas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChromosomes were discovered more than 130 years ago. The implementation of chromosomal investigations in clinical diagnostics was fueled by determining the correct number of human chromosomes to be 46 and the development of specific banding techniques. Subsequent technical improvements in the field of genetic diagnostics, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), chromosomal microarrays (CMA, array CGH) or next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, partially succeeded in overcoming limitations of banding cytogenetics. Consequently, nowadays, higher diagnostic yields can be achieved if new approaches such as NGS, CMA or FISH are applied in combination with cytogenetics. Nonetheless, high-resolution DNA-focused techniques have dominated clinical diagnostics more recently, rather than a “chromosomic view,” including banding cytogenetics as a precondition for the application of higher resolution methods. Currently, there is a renaissance of this “chromosomic view” in research, understanding chromosomes to be an essential feature of genomic architecture, owing to the discovery of (i) higher order chromosomal sub-compartments, (ii) chromosomal features that influence genomic architecture, gene expression, and evolution, and (iii) 3D and 4D chromatin organization within the nucleus, including the complex way in which chromosomes interact with each other. Interestingly, in many instances research was triggered by specific clinical diagnostic cases or diseases that contributed to new and fascinating insights, not only into disease mechanisms but also into basic principles of chromosome biology. Here we review the role, the intrinsic value, and the perspectives of chromosomes in a molecular genetics-dominated human genetics diagnostic era and make comparison with basic research, where these benefits are well-recognized.
How to measure the self-determination continuum? Initial validity evidence for the polish version of the Global Motivation Scale (GMS)
Authors: Zycinska Jolanta , Januszek Maciej 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Global Motivation Scale (GMS) is an 18-item self-report questionnaire. It measures a multidimensional conceptualization of motivation that falls along the self-determination continuum. The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the GMS, and to investigate its structure and reliability in a group of 537 subjects, aged 18–86 (M = 36.19; SD = 15.20). The bifactor modelling didn’t validate the theoretical six-factor model of the GMS, thus an exploratory analysis was conducted to determine an optimal model across age, gender and education. The adopted four-factor model matched three original GMS subscales: intrinsic motivation, external regulation and amotivation; the fourth factor represented identified and integrated regulations simultaneously (introjected regulation wasn’t included). Correlations among the factors didn’t confirm the simplex pattern, while the composite reliability coefficients were low (.55–.66). It is insufficient to analyze the assessment of the self-determination continuum only for statistical correctness – linguistic and cultural contexts should also be considered.
Heavy-tailed distributions in branching process models of secondary cancerous tumors
Authors: Ernst Philip A. , Kimmel Marek , Kurpas Monika , Zhou Quan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecent progress in microdissection and in DNA sequencing has facilitated the subsampling of multi-focal cancers in organs such as the liver in several hundred spots, helping to determine the pattern of mutations in each of these spots. This has led to the construction of genealogies of the primary, secondary, tertiary, and so forth, foci of the tumor. These studies have led to diverse conclusions concerning the Darwinian (selective) or neutral evolution in cancer. Mathematical models of the development of multi-focal tumors have been devised to support these claims. We offer a model for the development of a multi-focal tumor: it is a mathematically rigorous refinement of a model of Linget al.(2015). Guided by numerical studies and simulations, we show that the rigorous model, in the form of an infinite-type branching process, displays distributions of tumor size which have heavy tails and moments that become infinite in finite time. To demonstrate these points, we obtain bounds on the tails of the distributions of the process and an infinite series expansion for the first moments. In addition to its inherent mathematical interest, the model is corroborated by recent literature on apparent super-exponential growth in cancer metastases.
Genealogical constructions and asymptotics for continuous-time Markov and continuous-state branching processes
Authors: Kurtz Thomas G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGenealogical constructions of population processes provide models which simultaneously record the forward-in-time evolution of the population size (and distribution of locations and types for models that include them) and the backward-in-time genealogies of the individuals in the population at each timet. A genealogical construction for continuous-time Markov branching processes from Kurtz and Rodrigues (2011) is described and exploited to give the normalized limit in the supercritical case. A Seneta‒Heyde norming is identified as a solution of an ordinary differential equation. The analogous results are given for continuous-state branching processes, including proofs of the normalized limits of Grey (1974) in both the supercritical and critical/subcritical cases.
On the modified Palm version
Authors: Thorisson Hermann 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The interpretation of the ‘standard’ Palm version of a stationary random measure ξ is that it behaves like ξ conditioned on containing the origin in its mass. The interpretation of the ‘modified’ Palm version is that it behaves like ξ seen from a typical location in its mass. In this paper we shall focus on the modified Palm version, comparing it with the standard version in the transparent case of mixed biased coin tosses, and then establishing a limit theorem that motivates the above interpretation in the case of random measures on locally compact second countable Abelian groups possessing Følner averaging sets.