bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal biomarkers implying ‘Developmental Origins of Health and Disease’ consequences in intrauterine growth restriction
Authors: Briana Despina D. , Malamitsi‐Puchner Ariadne 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe intrauterine‐growth‐restricted (IUGR) state, particularly the asymmetric one, has been associated with ‘Developmental Origins of Health and Disease’ (DOHaD) consequences later in life. Several environmental factors, acting during the phase of foetal developmental plasticity interact with genotypic variation, ‘programme’ tissue function and change the capacity of the organism to cope with its environment. They may be responsible for chronic illness risk in adulthood. Detection of possible future DOHaD consequences at a very early age, by applying relevant biomarkers, is of utmost importance. This review focuses on biomarkers possibly predicting consequences from bone, psychoneural system and lung. Although no concrete biomarker has been identified for bone disorders in adulthood, reduced brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentrations in cord blood and BDNF DNA methylation might predict schizophrenia and possibly depression, bipolar disorder and autism. High surfactant protein D (SP‐D) concentrations in cord blood of IUGR foetuses/neonates could point to structural lung immaturity, resulting to asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adult life.
On justifying arguments of species membership
Authors: Rothhaar Markus 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the debate about the moral status of human beings at the margins of life, arguments of species membership are often considered to be the least plausible ones. Against this backdrop, this article explores two possible ways to formulate feasible arguments of species membership. The first is an (in the broadest sense of the word) Aristotelian or neo‐Aristotelian argument; the second is an argument from the intrinsic logic of human rights, which Robert Spaemann refers toas a ‘transcendental‐pragmatic’ argument. On these grounds, the article proposes a philosophical justification for an at least moderate speciesism.
Multibiologism: An anthropological and bioethical framework for moving beyond medicalization
Authors: Wolf‐Meyer Matthew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecent approaches in the medical and social sciences have begun to lay stress on “plasticity” as a key feature of human physiological experiences. Plasticity helps to account for significant differences within and between populations, particularly in relation to variations in basic physiological processes, such as brain development, and, in the context of this article, daily sleep needs. This article proposes a novel basis for the redevelopment of institutions in accordance with growing awareness of human variation in physiological needs, and articulates a theory of multibiologism. This approach seeks to expand the range of “normal” physiological experiences to respond to human plasticity, but also to move beyond critiques of medical practice that see medicine as simply responding to capitalist demands through the medicalization of “natural” processes. Instead, by focusing on how the institutions of U.S. everyday life—work, family, and school—structure the lives of individuals and produce certain forms of sleep as pathological, this article proposes that minor alterations in institutions could result in less pathologization for individuals and communities. Multibiologism provides a foundation for shared priorities in the social sciences, in bioethics, and in medical practice, and may lay the groundwork for emergent collaborations in institutional reform.
Reductions in emergency department presentations associated with opioid agonist treatment vary by geographic location: A retrospective study in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Jones Nicola R. , Shanahan Marian , Dobbins Timothy , Degenhardt Louisa , Montebello Mark , Gisev Natasa , Larney Sarah 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsIt is not known if the reduction in ED use during periods of OAT occurs across urgent and low acuity presentations. We aimed to compare the incidence and costs of urgent and low acuity ED presentations of people with opioid use disorder (OUD) in and out of opioid agonist treatment (OAT).Design and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study (N=24,875), using linked administrative health data from New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Urgent and low acuity ED incidence and associated costs were calculated for periods in and out of OAT. GEE models estimated the adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) for ED presentations. Average costs per person‐day were calculated with bootstrap confidence intervals.ResultsIncidence of urgent presentations was lower in OAT compared to out of OAT [IRR (95%CI): 0.65 (0.61‐0.69)]. In major cities, low acuity presentations were lower during OAT compared to timeout of OAT [IRR (95%CI): 0.82 (0.70‐0.96)], in regional/remote areas, low acuity presentations were higher during OAT [IRR (95%CI): 2.65 (1.66‐4.21)]. In major cities, average costs for low acuity presentations in OAT were 28% lower atA$0.50 (95%CI: A$0.48‐A$0.52) and A$0.69 (95%CI: A$0.66‐A$0.71) out of OAT, but 103% higher in regional/remote NSW, at A$2.12 (95%CI: A$1.91‐A$2.34) in OAT and A$1.04 (95%CI: A$0.91‐A$1.16) out of OAT.Discussion and ConclusionsOAT was associated with reductions in urgent ED presentations and associated costs among people with OUD. Geographical variation was evident for low acuity ED presentations, highlighting the need to increase access to OAT in regional/remote areas.
The lived experience of Australian opioid replacement therapy recipients in a community‐based program in regional Victoria
Authors: Patil Vishwanath Tejaswini , Cash Penelope , Cant Robyn , Mummery Jane , Penney Wendy 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsTreatment of opioid dependence through opioid replacement therapy is widely recognised as effective. Nonetheless, while there has been a community‐based program in the state of Victoria for over two decades, consumer experiences have received little attention. This study aimed to describe the experiences of opioid replacement therapy consumers living in rural and regional areas of the state.Design and MethodsA qualitative design employed an interpretative phenomenological approach. Sixteen consumers were interviewed. Thematic analysis was conducted by the researchers to examine the phenomena of consumers′ experiences and findings were verified by a stakeholder group.ResultsFindings centred on themes of consumers′ experience of becoming recipients; consumer perceptions of pharmacists and pharmacy settings and psychosocial impacts on consumers. A majority of participants believed opioid replacement therapy brought increased normality to their life, however systemic and psychosocial barriers impacted on well‐being. The pharmacy setting itself as a public dosing space commonly provoked feelings of stigma and discrimination among consumers. Other barriers prominently reported were restrictions on number of takeaways, cost of dispensing and lack of access to medical practitioners and allied supports.Discussion and ConclusionsThere were psychosocial impacts on opioid replacement therapy consumers relating to financial and social burdens, stigma and discrimination. Access to medical care and a choice of pharmacy appeared to be restricted in rural regions. The findings suggest a need to address, in particular, the financial and dispensing point burdens experienced by consumers to facilitate program retention.
Operationalising the quality of life construct in studies of alcohol and drug residential rehabilitation programme clients: A systematic review
Authors: Fischer Jane A. , Roche Ann M. , Kostadinov Victoria 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroduction and AimsQuality of life (QOL) is increasingly recognised as an important treatment indicator in the alcohol and other drug (AOD) sector, particularly in treatment modalities providing ‘whole of life programmes’, such as residential rehabilitation. However, it is currently unclear how studies conducted in AOD residential rehabilitation settings have operationally defined and measured QOL. This study therefore aimed to determine current practices in defining and measuring the QOL of residential rehabilitation clients.Design and MethodsA systematic review of studies examining the QOL of AOD residential rehabilitation clients was conducted. Potential studies published in English between 1990 and 2018 were identified through a search of electronic databases (e.g. PsycINFO and PubMed), search engines (Google Scholar) and article reference lists.ResultsThe search identified a total of 1267 records, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. Less than half of the included studies provided an operational definition of QOL. QOL was generally understood to be a subjective, multidimensional, client assessment construct. Twelve different instruments were used to assess QOL, of which two enabled clients to identify QOL dimensions important to themselves.Discussion and ConclusionsQOL has been inconsistently measured in studies of AOD residential rehabilitation clients. As a result, the comparability and validity of research in this field may be weakened. There is a need to develop a consensual operational definition of QOL, including a core set of domains relevant to and endorsed by residential rehabilitation clients. Appropriate tools to measure client QOL need to be identified and disseminated.
Contrasting patterns of population structure at large and fine geographical scales in a migratory avian disturbance specialist of braided river ecosystems
Authors: Schlesselmann Ann‐Kathrin V. , Dussex Nicolas , Cooper Jamie , Monks Joanne M. , O'Donnell Colin F. J. , Robertson Bruce C. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo understand the population structure and its potential drivers at different spatial scales in a migratory bird, the black‐fronted tern (Chlidonias albostriatus), a specialist of the spatially and temporally dynamic environments of braided rivers.LocationNew Zealand.MethodsWe used a three‐pronged approach based on 17 microsatellites, two mitochondrial loci (cytochrome b/control region) and phenotypic data (head‐bill length, bill depth, wing length, weight). We determined large‐scale genetic structure throughout the whole breeding range (approx. 150,000 km2), calculated genetic divergence of breeding colonies and tested for isolation‐by‐distance between colonies. We investigated the level of fine‐scale genetic structure based on spatial autocorrelation analyses and assessed the presence of a body size cline based on phenotypic data. Lastly, we compared phenotypic divergence (PST) and the level of divergence by genetic drift (FST) among breeding colonies to test for underlying mechanisms of population differentiation.ResultsNuclear and mitochondrial DNA showed that across their range black‐fronted terns were effectively panmictic, with low genetic divergence between breeding colonies overall and no isolation‐by‐distance. However, at fine geographical scales black‐fronted terns accrued significant genetic structure for distances up to 75 km, primarily driven by males, indicating more frequent female dispersal. Furthermore, a phenotypic cline in accordance with Bergmann's rule was evident. PST exceeded FST in three traits, suggestive of local adaptation.Main conclusionsSignificant fine‐scale structure can be present in highly mobile, specialist species while not affecting spatial structures at larger scales. Hence, methodologies applied to both whole landscapes and local scales are important to appropriately estimate connectivity in dynamic metapopulations and investigate the processes behind connectivity. Conservation management will need to include protecting currently uninhabited patches to facilitate natural colonization of suitable habitat. For black‐fronted terns, managing whole catchments throughout the entire breeding range would be preferable to managing single patches.
A Validity Argument in Support of the Use of College Admissions Test Scores for Federal Accountability
Authors: Camara Wayne J. , Mattern Krista , Croft Michelle , Vispoel Sara , Nichols Paul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn 2018, 26 states administered a college admissions test to all public school juniors. Nearly half of those states proposed to use those scores as their academic achievement indicators for federal accountability under the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA); many others are planning to use those scores for other accountability purposes. Accountability encompasses a number of different uses and subsumes a variety of claims. For states proposing to use summative tests for accountability, a validity argument needs to be developed, which entails delineating each specific use of test scores associated with accountability, identifying appropriate evidence, and offering a rebuttal to counterclaims. The aim of this article is to support states in developing a validity argument for use of college admission test scores for accountability by identifying claims that are applicable across states, along with summarizing existing evidence as it relates to each of these claims. As outlined by The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing, multiple sources of evidence are used to address each claim. A series of threats to the validity argument, including weaker alignment with content standards and potential influences in narrowing teaching, are reviewed. Finally, the article contrasts validity evidence, primarily from research on the ACT, with regulatory requirements from ESSA. The Standards and guidance addressing the use of a “nationally recognized high school academic assessment” (Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), Negotiated Rulemaking Committee; Department of Education) are the primary sources for the organization of validity evidence.
Commensal association of the common kingfisher with foraging Eurasian otters
Authors: Mougeot François , Rodríguez Ramiro Jonathan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPositive interactions between birds and mammals are a fascinating aspect of animal behaviour. Feeding associations may consist of local enhancement or facilitation, and in the latter case, of commensalism or mutualism depending on the benefits received by the facilitator. We report here on a previously undescribed feeding association between piscivorous birds and Eurasian otters Lutra lutra. In Spain, common kingfisher Alcedo atthis and grey heron Ardea cinerea were observed closely following foraging otters and benefited from feeding opportunities provided by these. Behavioural observations of otters in central Spain (28.4 hr; 19 days) revealed that an association with kingfishers occurred in 33% of otter foraging events (n = 92). Simultaneous observations in northern Spain (14.2 hr; 16 days) showed an association between otters and kingfishers or grey herons in 41.6% and 11.7% of otter foraging events (n = 77), respectively. The association probability between kingfishers and otters increased significantly when otters foraged closer to the shore and on small fish rather than other prey (crayfish or large fish). Birds fed on prey remain left by the feeding otters, on small fish captured by otters when these were satiated and playing, or on prey displaced by otters. Our observations are consistent with facilitation and commensalism: piscivorous birds gained feeding opportunities provided by the otters, with no apparent costs or benefits to the latter. Similar feeding associations have been described between other species of otters and piscivorous birds (kingfishers, herons, egrets, storks) in Asia, South America and Southern Africa, but had not yet been described in Europe. The occurrence of piscivorous bird–otter associations in different species and regions suggests that this commensalism may be often overlooked but widespread. We have shown that the association can be frequent and is context‐dependent, with benefits for associating birds depending on otters´ behaviour and targeted prey.
Size‐dependent mating preference of the male fiddler crab Austruca perplexa
Authors: Tina Fahmida Wazed , Muramatsu Daisuke 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn many animals, females prefer large males to small males, which allow large males to be choosier than small males when selecting a mate. We investigated the courtship intensity of small‐ and large‐sized male fiddler crabs (Austruca perplexa) by examining their claw‐waving rates (waves/min) towards small‐ and large‐sized females. We found that large males showed a greater preference for large females by producing more waves/min towards them, whereas small males did not show any apparent preference for either large or small females. Moreover, the waving rate of large males was positively correlated with female size, but there was no correlation between waving rate and female size in small males. These results indicate that large males in a population become choosier and show strong mate choice, which is most likely due to their greater preference among females.
The second warning to humanity—Why ethology matters?
Authors: Goymann Wolfgang , Küblbeck Martin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn 2017, more than 15,000 scientists signed a second warning to humanity to halt human‐made destruction of our planet. The authors of that study encouraged further contributions highlighting specific subjects. With this perspectives article, we follow their call and explore why and how behavioural studies can matter for a better stewardship of the planet. The second warning article suggested 13 effective steps humanity needs to take to transition to a sustainable life. Here, we first provide some examples of how concepts and tools of behavioural biology can aid understanding and solving real‐world conservation problems relating to some of the effective sustainability steps suggested by Ripple et al., (Bioscience, 67, 2017, 1026). Then, we outline how ethological research can contribute to sustainability beyond its contributions to conserving species. Finally, we turn to the second warning and the behaviour of scientists themselves. Science has provided unequivocal evidence that we are destroying the very basis of the existence of millions of species including ourselves. To convince humanity about the urgent necessity to halt and change our behaviour, science organizations, funding bodies and scientists themselves need to become role models for sustainability.
The instrumental power of transnational private governance: Interest representation and lobbying by private rule‐makers
Authors: Renckens Stefan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile scholars have researched transnational private governance for over two decades, we still know little about some of the specific political activities in which private rulemaking schemes engage. This article addresses this topic by bringing together hitherto separate literatures on private governance and interest groups. I argue that examining private governance's instrumental power, and interest representation and lobbying specifically, complements the literature's dominant focus on the structural and discursive power of private governance. The article makes three contributions. First, it conceptualizes private governance schemes as interest organizations by analyzing similarities and differences with traditional interest groups. Second, the article examines instrumental power empirically by assessing the participation of 48 transnational private governance schemes in the European Union's lobby register and variation among private governance schemes in this respect. Finally, the article contributes to developing a new research agenda to continue bridging the gap between the private governance and interest group literatures.
Effects of replacing commercial material with apple pomace on the fermentation quality of total mixed ration silage and its digestibility, nitrogen balance and rumen fermentation in wethers
Authors: Fang Jiachen , Xia Guangjun , Cao Yang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the fermentation quality, digestibility and rumen fermentation of total mixed ration silage (TMRS) prepared with varying proportions of apple pomace, using four wethers in a 4 × 4 Latin square study design. A control diet was prepared using corn, wheat bran, timothy hay, alfalfa hay and a vitamin–mineral supplement. In the experimental treatments, apple pomace supplemented with soybean meal was used to replace corn and wheat bran at levels of 5%, 10% and 20% on a dry matter (DM) basis; treatment levels are indicated by these replacement levels. The moisture content of all diets was adjusted to 550 g/kg and the diets were then ensiled for 60 days. All diets were well fermented, with low pH and ammonia nitrogen (N) content. In treatments including apple pomace, lactic acid content decreased as acetic acid increased compared with the control (p < .05). Ethanol was generated in the 5%, 10% and 20% treatments. Following the addition of apple pomace, ammonia N content increased, and was highest in the 5% treatment (p < .05). N retention and digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein and ether extract decreased significantly (p < .05) in the 10% and 20% treatments. The rumen molar proportion of acetic acid increased, but those of propionic acid and ammonia N content decreased as the proportion of apple pomace in the diets increased (p < .05). The results of this study suggest that the proportion of apple pomace in TMRS should not exceed that of the 5% TMRS treatment, which was 44 g/kg of diet DM.
High levels of serum glycans monovalent IgG immune complexes detected by dissociative ELISA in experimental visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: de Carvalho Camila Aparecida , Ferrão Thiago Fidelis , de Freitas Flávia Regina Novais , de Andrade Heitor Franco 
Published: October 2019

SummaryVisceral leishmaniasis (VL) is epidemic in Brazil with an increasing incidence of human cases and canine reservoirs, with host hypergammaglobulinemia. Conventional enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) based on several parasitic antigens is the main method for diagnosis and indication of treatment. Dissociative ELISA (dELISA) uses acidic treatment to free immunoglobulin G (IgG) from immune complexes, and its use revealed a significant positive fraction of suspected cases with negative serology. Looking for small molecules or haptens that block IgG antibodies, we purified by molecular exclusion chromatography, 1000–3000 MW molecules from promastigote soluble extract, mostly oligosaccharides comprising 6–13 sugar residues using MALDI‐TOF analysis. Glycan‐BSA complex (GBC) was constructed by conjugating promastigote glycans to BSA molecules, allowing their use in the solid support in cELISA or dELISA. Sera from experimentally infected hamsters showed higher levels of blocked monomeric IgG during infection, mostly against GBC, which was also present in lower concentrations in the promastigote soluble extract dELISA. Those data show that most of the specific monomeric IgG in serum are blocked by haptens composed by glycans produced by the parasite, better detected in the high dilution of sera in the dELISA assays. dELISA is a useful technique for detecting blocked monomeric antibodies that could have difficult clearance from blood, which could result in hypergammaglobulinemia.