bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA, factor XI): a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay
Authors: Saito H , Goldsmith GH Jr 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A specific, sensitive, and reproducible radioimmunoassay for human plasma thromboplastin antecedent (PTA, factor XI) has been developed with purified PTA and monospecific rabbit antiserum. Precise measurements of PTA antigen were possible for concentrations as low as 0.3% of that in normal pooled plasma. Normal plasma contained approximately 6 microgram PTA/ml. A good correlation (correlation coefficient 0.68) existed between the PTA procoagulant assays and radioimmunoassays among 50 normal adults (25 males and 25 females). PTA antigen was markedly reduced in plasma of 13 patients with congenital homozygous PTA deficiency (range less than 0.003–0.128 U/ml) and 9 patients with hepatic cirrhosis (0.35+/-0.17 U/ml), but was normal in those of 9 patients under treatment with warfarin, 8 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation and 16 patients with other congenital clotting factor abnormalities, including prekallikrein deficiency (Fletcher trait) and high molecular weight kininogen deficiency (Fitzgerald trait).
Microaggregate counts in frozen-preserved erythrocytes: effects of washing in three blood processors and filtration
Authors: Telischi M , Patel AR , Zafar M , Hoiberg R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Since microaggregates have been implicated in posttransfusion pulmonary insufficiency, their elimination has become an active concern in blood transfusion. Various types of filters, as well as frozen-preserved erythrocytes, have been used to provide blood relatively low in microaggregates. We have counted particles in frozen-stored blood before deglycerolization, after washing in each of three cell processing systems, and after filtration through a 40-micrometer filter. Washing frozen erythrocytes reduced the total particle counts by an average of 89%. Slight differences were found among the three blood processors with respect to particle removal. Passing washed blood through a 40-micrometer filter did not result in significant further reduction in particle counts. Hence, the use of such filters in a frozen-preserved blood system is not warranted.
Monocyte-erythrocyte interaction in vitro in immune hemolytic anemias
Authors: Kay NE , Douglas SD 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Monocyte recognition of immunoprotein-coated erythrocytes in vitro was studied in 21 patients with immune hemolytic anemia. Simultaneous assessment of immunoglobulin and complement components on the patients' erythrocytes was performed. The patients were heterogeneous in relation to associated diseases, therapy, and duration of disease state; 15 were studied within 1 mo of diagnosis and 4 additional patients were studied in sequential fashion. Monocyte-erythrocyte interaction was assessed by both a morphologic and a radioactive assay; 12 of 17 patients had elevated ratios in the morphologic assay and 15 of 17 patients had elevated ratios in the radioactive assay. The majority of patients exhibited enhanced interaction between their monocytes and autologous immunoprotein-coated erythrocytes, as compared to normal moncytes exposed to the same immunoprotein-coated erythrocytes. These findings suggest that there is an enhanced capacity of monocytes from certain patients with immune hemolysis to interact with autologous immunoprotein-coated erythrocytes in vitro.
Effect of storage on normal neutrophils collected by discontinuous-flow centrifugation leukapheresis
Authors: Glasser L 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Storage limits for granulocytes have not been defined. The purpose of this study was to determine these limits for neutrophils collected by discontinuous-flow centrifugation and stored at 4 degrees-6 degrees C. The parameters studied were total leukocyte and absolute cell counts, viability measured by dye exclusion, morphology, percentage phagocytic neutrophils, number of Candida organisms ingested per phagocytic neutrophil, candidacidal activity by differential staining, and chemotaxis under agarose. There was a progressive loss of neutrophils on storage that was statistically significant by 48 hr. Phagocytosis was the best preserved function. Microbial killing measured by candidacidal activity was less well preserved. Chemotaxis was the most poorly maintained parameter. There was mild impairment at 24 hr and a severe functional loss at 48 hr. The data suggest the following: (1) the first functions lost on storage are the most highly integrated, i.e., chemotaxis, followed by microbial killing and then phagocytosis; and (2) assuming that these functional losses are irreversible, storage of normal neutrophils used for transfusion should be limited to approximately 24 hr because a severe defect in migration occurs between the first and second days.
Effects of short-term hypoxia on platelet counts of mice
Authors: McDonald TP , Cottrell M , Clift R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that long-term hypoxia causes decreased platelet counts in mice and short-term hypoxia increased platelet counts. In an attempt to explain the mechanism that increases platelet counts of mice after exposure to short-term hypoxia, we measured platelet counts, total circulating platelet counts (TCPC), total circulating platelet masses (TCPM), percentages of 35S incorporation, and platelet sizes. Platelet counts, as well as TCPC and TCPM of mice, increased after 1–3 days of hypoxia, but these values were decreased after 6–7 days of hypoxia. Although platelet counts were increased in hypoxic mice, the percentage 35S incorporation into platelets and platelet sizes did not show a concurrent increase. After 6 days of hypoxia, average platelet diameters began to increase as platelet counts decreased. Splenic release did not account for the increase in platelet counts of mice after short-term hypoxia. It seems possible, therefore, that megakaryocytes “shed” platelets into the circulation in response to hypoxia. The platelets that enter the circulation in response to short-term hypoxia are smaller and incorporate less 35S than platelets that are produced in response to acute thrombocytopenia.
Hairy-cell leukemia with T-cell features
Authors: Cawley JC , Burns GF , Nash TA , Higgy KE , Child JA , Roberts BE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A case of clinically and hematologically typical hairy-cell leukemia has been presented in which, at the various times of testing, 52%–95% of peripheral blood and 73% of splenic mononuclear cells formed spontaneous sheep erythrocyte (E) rosettes. Many of the rosetting cells were shown to be typical morphologic hairy cells by light and electron microscopy. It was found that 70%–75% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stained with an anti-T antiserum, and this antiserum also abolished E-rosette formation. A variable percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was also shown to bear surface (IgDK) and internal (IgMK and IgGK) immunoglobulins. Additional B-cell features demonstrated included possession of the P29/34 la-like antigen and formation of mouse rosettes. It was demonstrated by a variety of blocking and inhibition studies that the E-rosette formation was not attributable to chance antigen specificity of the surface membrane immunoglobulin. These marker studies suggest that this is a case of true hybrid cell HCL. Despite these unusual marker characteristics, the patient showed no distinctive clinical or hematologic features.
Regulation of megakaryopoiesis in long-term murine bone marrow cultures
Authors: Williams N , Jackson H , Sheridan AP , Murphy MJ Jr , Elste A , Moore MA 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Megakaryocytes and their precursor cells were sustained in mouse bone marrow suspension cultures for over 4–6 wk. Megakaryocyte precursor cells were detected by their capacity to form colonies of megakaryocytes in semisolid agar cultures. Colony formation was dependent on the presence of medium conditioned by a myelomonocytic leukemic cell line (WEHI-3CM). Megakaryocytes from the liquid and semisolid cultures were identified by cytoplasmic acetylcholine esterase and by ultrastructural analysis. The suspension medium from the bone marrow liquid cultures which sustained megakaryopoiesis was not directly acitive in stimulating megakaryocyte colony formation in the semisolid agar cultures, but potentiated the number of colonies detected when WEHI-3CM was present. Bone marrow-conditioned medium increased the sensitivity of megakaryocyte progenitor cells to the stimulus in WEHI-3CM. Addition of the activities present in the two sources produced a quantitative assay for the detection of mouse megakaryocyte progenitor cells. These studies showed: (1) that no inductive regulator of in vitro clones of megakaryocytes was present in the supernatants from the long-term marrow cultures and, (2) that at least two factors were necessary for the induction of megakaryocyte progenitors to proliferate and differentiate in semisolid cultures in vitro.
Hb Potomac (101 Glu replaced by Asp): speculations on placental oxygen transport in carriers of high-affinity hemoglobins
Authors: Charache S , Jacobson R , Brimhall B , Murphy EA , Hathaway P , Winslow R , Jones R , Rath C , Simkovich J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Blood from a woman with unexplained erythrocytosis had increased oxygen affinity, but no abnormality could be detected by electrophoresis or chromatography of her hemolysate. Separation of the tryptic peptides of her beta chains disclosed two half-sized peaks in the regions of beta T- 11. The faster of these was abnormal, with the structure beta 101 Glu replaced by Asp. The new hemoglobin was called “Potomac.” Three of the proband's four surviving siblings and both of her children were carriers. Differences in the ratio of carrier: normal children born to male of female carriers of 23 other high-affinity hemoglobins were not significant. The high proportion of carriers in this kindred was probably due to chance alone, and not because high maternal oxygen affinity interfered with oxygen transport to fetuses with normal hemoglobin.
Determinants of fecal and urinary iron excretion in desferrioxamine- treated rats
Authors: Hershko C 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Radioiron excretion in the urine and feces after continuous subcutaneous infusion of desferrioxamine (DF) was studied in normal and hypertransfused rats in whom reticuloendothelial and parenchymal iron stores had been labeled by selective 59Fe probes. The existence of two alternative pathways for the chelation of iron in vivo by DF was indicated by the results. The first pathway was intracellular chelation in hepatocytes with chelated iron excreted through the bile only. The second pathway, which was extracellular, could only be activated after saturation of the transferrin iron binding capacity, with the chelated iron excreted by the kidneys. The last mechanism was probably identical with the mode of action of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Further studies will be required in order to establish whether the enhancement in iron chelation obtained by the continuous infusion of DF in patients with complete saturation of circulating transferrin may or may not be related to the extracellular mechanism of iron chelation in hypertransfused rats.
Lymphocyte receptors for concanavalin A in Hodgkin disease
Authors: Aisenberg AC , Weitzman S , Wilkes B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The number of lymphocytes with mobile receptors for concanavalin A (Con A) on their surface membrane (forming visible caps after the addition of fluorescein-conjugated Con A) was determined in the peripheral blood of 53 patients with Hodgkin disease. Of 29 individuals studied prior to treatment, the level of capped cells was found to be below the normal range in 9 of 13 in stages I and IIA, 6 of 8 in stage IIIA, and all 8 in stages IIIB and IV. Even among patients in remission 2 yr after successful treatment the level was below the lower normal limit in 9 of 16. The number was also reduced in 7 of 8 individuals with recurrent lymphoma. The level of lymphocytes that cap with Con A may prove to be a more sensitive measure of active Hodgkin disease than the total peripheral lymphocyte count or the level of T cells. This lymphocyte parameter merits further study as a correlate in vitro of cellular immunity.
Three stages of erythropoietic progenitor cell differentiation distinguished by a number of physical and biologic properties
Authors: Gregory CJ , Eaves AC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have shown that erythroid precursors at sequential stages of differentiation along the red cell pathway can be distinguished by differences in the size and maturation kinetics of the colonies to which they give rise in vitro. Using criteria based on these two parameters, it is thus possible to identify three distinct erythroid progenitor cell populations in the mouse, known as day 8 BFU- E, day 3 BFU-E, and CFU-E. These cell types have now been shown to differ in a number of other respects, including progenitor cell size, sensitivity to cycle-active agents, response to plethora, and effects of the W/Wv genotype. In addition, a comparison of the differences found between day 8 BFU-E and day 3 BFU-E on one hand and those distinguishing day 3 BFU-E and CFU-E on the other provides support for the view that early erythropoietic cell differentiation involves a series of changes that take place long before competence to synthesize hemoglobin becomes manifest.
Osmotic fragility of peripheral blood lymphocytes in chronic lymphatic leukemia and malignant lymphoma
Authors: Resnitzky P , Reichman N 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The osmotic fragility (OF) of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (ML) was investigated employing an automatic recording method and compared with that of lymphocytes from healthy subjects and from patients suffering from various non-neoplastic diseases. The curves from CLL and ML showed a pattern of increased lymphocyte OF compared with those of the two control groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( less than 0.001). In CLL the increase in OF was more pronounced than in ML, and the shape of the curve was different from that in the other groups. The employment of peripheral blood lymphocyte OF as an additional diagnostic parameter in the diagnosis of CLL and ML is suggested.
Neutrophil transfusion: effect of storage and of collection method of neutrophil blood kinetics
Authors: Price TH , Dale DC 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The kinetics in blood of autologous neutrophils collected by phlebotomy, filtration leukapheresis (FL), or intermittent-flow centrifugation (IFC), labeled with 32P-diisopropylfluorophosphate, and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 2 days were measured in 41 normal subjects. Mean initial recovery for unstored IFC cells was 34.0%, compared to 7.9% for unstored FL cells. Blood half-lives were 4.1 and 2.7 hr for unstored IFC and FL cells, respectively. With neutrophils collected by phlebotomy and stored in whole blood for 1–2 days, posttransfusion recoveries and blood half-times were significantly decreased. Storage of both IFC and FL preparations resulted in only moderate kinetic abnormalities in comparison to the unstored cells. These studies indicate that the ability of unstored IFC cells to circulate is basically normal, whereas that of unstored FL cells is significantly impaired. The data further suggest that these neutrophil concentrates might be stored for 1–2 days prior to transfusion.
B lymphocyte antigens in the differential diagnosis of human neoplasia
Authors: Kadin ME , Billing RJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Human B lymphocyte antigens (HBLA) were detected with fluorescent- labeled antibodies on malignant cells of 102 patients with Hodgkin disease and other lymphomas, plasma cell myeloma, and nonlymphoreticular neoplasms including carcinomas of the breast, lung, and ovary, soft tissue sarcomas, and neuroblastoma. HBLA were present in Hodgkin disease and other lymphomas of B cell or histiocyte derivation. They were absent in plasma cell myeloma and nonlymphoreticular neoplasms. Absorption studies revealed that malignant T cells had smaller amounts of HBLA, usually not detected by immunofluorescence. Expression of HBLA was dependent on both cell differentiation and origin. Detection of HBLA enabled immunologic distinction of Reed-Sternberg and other lymphoma cells from morphologically similar cells of nonlymphoreticular origin. The rapidity, reproducibility, and economy of the immunofluorescence test make this a useful clinical tool for the differential diagnosis of lymphoma from other malignant disorders in man.
Isoelectric focusing of human hemoglobin: its application to screening, to the characterization of 70 variants, and to the study of modified fractions of normal hemoglobins
Authors: Basset P , Beuzard Y , Garel MC , Rosa J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Isoelectric focusing on slabs of acrylamide gel was adapted for the screening of abnormal hemoglobins, the characterization of 70 human variants, and the study of minor fractions of normal hemoglobin. The screening method was as fast and inexpensive as conventional techniques, allowed the simultaneous analysis of some 50 samples of whole blood, and yielded resolution superior to that obtained by other methods with hemolysates. Among the 70 variants, 31 mutants could not be separated from HbS by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. The characterization technique of electrofocusing allowed us to distinguish between most variants. Only one mutant, Hb Galveston, could be confused with HbS. Hb Koln, the most frequent unstable mutant, exhibited a special pattern. HbA1C was separated from HbA. Preliminary results indicate that quantitation of HbA1C by gel scanning is feasible.
Study of a kindred with partial deficiency of red cell 2,3- diphosphoglycerate mutase (2,3-DPGM) and compensated hemolysis
Authors: Travis SF , Martinez J , Garvin J Jr , Atwater J , Gillmer P 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A kindred with partial deficiency of red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate mutase (2,3-DPGM) was studied. The propositus presented with indirect hyperbilirubinemia, normal hemoglobin (15.8 g/dl), and elevated reticulocyte count (4.6%). The red cell 51Cr survival was decreased (tau1/2 16 days). Incubated osmotic fragility was normal; autohemolysis was increased and corrected with glucose and ATP. The P50 was 18.5 mm Hg (normal 25.5 +/- 3), but the stability, electrophoresis, and fingerprinting of hemoglobin were normal. The concentration of 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) was reduced to 43% of normal. Red cell 2,3- DPGM was decreased to 59% of normal; 2,3-DPG phosphatase was similarly decreased. All red cell glycolytic and hexose monophosphate shunt enzymes, glycolytic intermediates other than 2,3-DPG, and glucose consumption and lactate production were normal. Five family members showed similar hematologic findings. The deficiency appears to be secondary to decreased enzyme synthesis and to be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in this family. Partial deficiency of 2,3-DPGM should now be considered in the differential diagnosis of compensated hemolysis associated with increased oxygen affinity.
Production of eosinophil-rich guinea pig peritoneal exudates
Authors: Pincus SH 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A variety of methods for production of eosinophil-rich guinea pig peritoneal exudates were tested in order to procure large numbers of purified eosinophils. Repeated peritoneal lavage with saline did not produce peritoneal eosinophilia, nor did intraperitoneal injection of dextran beads. Mast cell degranulating agents polymyxin B and, to a lesser degree, compound 48/80 produced significant peritoneal eosinophilia after 6–8 wk of weekly intraperitoneal injections (p less than or equal to 0.05). After more than 8 wk of treatment a mean of 52.1 x 10(6) eosinophils comprising an average of 62% of the peritoneal exudate cells was recovered from polymyxin B-treated guinea pigs. However, polymyxin B-induced peritoneal eosinophilia was abolished by pretreatment with the antihistamine diphenhydramine. Metiamide, an H2 receptor antagonist, did not block the production of peritoneal eosinophils. This is a highly satisfactory method for preparing peritoneal eosinophils; however, the mechanism of action remains to be clearly elucidated.
Physiologic features of hemolysis axxociated with altered cation and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate content
Authors: Albala MM , Fortier NL , Glader BE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A hemolytic disorder characterized by altered RBC cation composition (increases Na, decreases K), reduced monovalent cation content (decreased Na + K/liter RBC), and decreased levels of 2,3- diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) is described. The etiology of these RBC abnormalities was not elucidated following extensive laboratory evaluation, although two important physiologic principles were manifested by this case: (1) Hemolysis was relatively well compensated (41% hematocrit) despite a significantly decreased RBC survival (51 Cr t 1/2 = 10.5 days). This effect presumably was due to reduced 2,3-DPG content (1.9 mumol/ml RBC) and the associated increase in whole blood oxygen affinity (P50 = 19.6 mm hg). (2) RBC size and water content were normal in spite of marked cation depletion. This anomaly was thought to reflect the osmotic effects of reduced polyvalent anion (2,3-DPG) content.
Inhibitor of hematopoietic cell proliferation derived from a human leukemic cell line
Authors: Olofsson T , Cline MJ 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A continuously growing human myeloid leukemia cell line (K562) produced a potent high-molecular-weight inhibitor of hematopoietic cell proliferation. It was most active against myeloid stem cells (CFU-C) and proliferating T lymphocytes; it was less active against erythroid precursors (CFU-E) and did not inhibit fibroblasts or established lines of epithelioid cells or B lymphocytes. Inhibition of CFU-C was by direct interaction rather than by modulation of production of colony- stimulating activity and probably occurred at restricted points in the cell cycle. Inhibition could, within limits, be reversed by washing the target cells. Production of inhibitors of hematopoiesis is not a general property of established cell lines, and only two have thus far been identified in screening of 30 such lines.
Measurement of Donath-Landsteiner antibody-producing cells in idiopathic nonsyphilitic paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) in children
Authors: Miyagawa Y , Yamada S , Komiyama A , Akabane T 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
2-yr-old girl with a nonsyphilitic type of paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is reported. We applied the plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay to the measurement of Donath-Landsteiner (DL) antibody- producing cells in the patient. Some of the circulating B lymphocytes formed plaques in our assay system. Initially the number of PFC was 1442 +/- 225/10(6) lymphocytes and DL titer was 1:16. Thereafter the PFC decreased in number as the DL titer decreased. Eight weeks later circulating PFC were not found but the DL titer was still 1:1 positive. The PFC assay appears to be useful as a new method for obtaining rapid imformation as to the disease status of PCH.