bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tourism Function as an Element of Regional Competitiveness
Authors: Krukowska Renata , Świeca Andrzej 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction
. Regions can gain a competitive advantage in different ways, among others by making rational use of their resources in creating regional tourism products. Among these resources, what is of major importance, apart from having natural and cultural resources, is the tourist accommodation offered, which not only makes it possible to increase tourist traffic in the region but can also give it a competitive advantage over other regions. The accommodation and the tourist traffic recorded there can serve as indicators of the level of the development of the tourism function of a region and its dynamics. The aim of the current study is to determine, describe, and analyse the nature of the changes in the tourism function of all sixteen provinces in Poland.

Material and methods
. The study used indices based on the size and type of the accommodation and the volume of tourist traffic. Statistical data for the years 2000-2015 concerning the size of the tourist accommodation as well as the types of facilities and their occupancy by tourists were obtained from the official publications of the Polish central statistical office. The tourism function indices for Poland and particular provinces were calculated based on data for 2000 and 2015. The results obtained made it possible to identify trends in the increases or decreases in the tourist accommodation capacity and tourist traffic in the facilities and to estimate the changes in the tourism function based on this analysis.

Conclusions
. The data that were collected and processed made it possible to determine the regional structure of the tourist accommodation offered as well as the level of its occupancy. In general, the largest concentration of tourist accommodation was found in regions of high natural and cultural value (the Zachodniopomorskie, Pomorskie, Małopolskie, and Dolnośląskie Provinces). According to the values of the tourism function indices, the following provinces were in the most favourable situation: Zachodniopomorskie, Małopolskie, and Pomorskie (with a Schneider index exceeding 100 and a Charvat index exceeding 300). A relatively high level of the development of the tourism function was also noted for the Dolnośląskie Province (with the aforementioned indices exceeding the values of 90 and approximately 250, respectively). The four provinces listed above also distinguished themselves when it comes to the values of the Defert index (above 100), that is the number of tourists relative to the surface. The provinces whose tourism function was the least developed were the Opolskie and Lubelskie Provinces (with a Schneider index below 80, a Charvat index below 80, and a Defert index below 30).
Unicameralism, Bicameralism, Multicameralism: Evolution and Trends in Europe
Authors: Passaglia Paolo 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
An analysis of the structure of parliaments in European countries shows that a wide range of options developed across the centuries. However, many of these patterns (among which tetracameralism, tricameralism, and qualified unicameralism) did not survive, despite their sometimes-remarkable historical interest. Currently, parliaments in Europe are either unicameral or bicameral: while unicameralism is the most common option, bicameralism is generally adopted in more populous countries and/or States with strong territorial autonomies. As a matter of fact, among varieties of bicameralism, the most common is characterized by a ‘territorial’ second chamber. Nevertheless, other types of bicameralism deserve attention too, not only to provide a comprehensive outline of the comparative scene, but also to find features that can define emerging trends. For this purpose, a classification of bicameralism will be outlined, mainly examining the patterns displayed by second chambers and the relationships between the two chambers. Combining this classification with the outcomes of the choice between unicameralism and bicameralism, some trends can be detected, although national experiences are so diverse that reliable norms are difficult to identify.
Clinical Significance of Quantitative HBs Antigen in the Prediction of Liver Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Dimzova Marija , Kondova-Topuzovska Irena , Milenkovic Zvonko , Gaseva Magdalena , Chaloska-Ivanova Viktorija , Serafimoski Vladimir , Orovcanec Nikola 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is of great importance in evaluating the phases of chronic hepatitis B viral infection, prompt administration of antiviral therapy, prevention of disease progression and late complications of CHB infection. Aim: to investigate the clinical significance of quantitative HBs antigen as a predictor for liver fibrosis in patients with HBe antigen negative chronic hepatitis B and inactive carriers. Material and Methods: the study included 44 treatment naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B, divided into two groups, HBeAg negative chronic HBV infection or inactive carriers (IC) and HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B patients. All patients underwent laboratory, serologic testing, ultrasound and transient elastography (TE). In both patient groups, quantitative HBs antigen (HBsQ), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) and liver fibrosis were analyzed. Results: The value of HBsQ is significantly higher in patients with HBeAg negative CHB 2477.02±4535.44 IU/ml than in the IC group 8791±11891 IU/ml; Z=3.32, p<0.001 (p=0.0009). In IC patients, 1 (4.76%) had fibrosis and 20 (95.24%)) did not have fibrosis. Out of 23 patients with HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis B, 8 (34.78%) had fibrosis and 15 (65.22%) did not have fibrosis. Patients with HBeAg negative hepatitis B had significantly higher liver fibrosis than IC; Fisher Exact Test p<0.05 (p=0.02). The increase of HBsQ for one single unit (IU/ml) does not have predictive value for fibrosis (Ext (B) =1.00), 95% C.I. for EXP (B): 1.00-1.00 / p>0.05. Conclusion: Quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen has intermediate weak statistically insignificant prediction for liver fibrosis R=0.25 (p<0.10).
Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity (HOMA-IR and IS) Index in Overweight Children Born Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
Authors: Janchevska Aleksandra , Gucev Zoran , Tasic Velibor , Polenakovic Momir 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction: Children born small for gestational age (SGA) have increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), hypertension and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in adulthood.

Patients and Methods: In 100 children born SGA, and in second cohort having 32 obese children born in term with normal birth weight and height, anthropometric measurements and biochemical metabolic profiles were analysed. The Homeostasis Model Assessment - Insulin Resistance and Sensitivity (HOMA-IR and IS) were calculated.

Results: Four overweight/obese children (M:F=3:1) with normal height were found among 100 SGA children. The body mass index (BMI) in all 4 children was above the 98th percentile and the mean BMI z-score was (2.04±0.30 SDS). The HOMA-IR index in all four children was increased: 1.26-2.65 (>1). Two teenagers had significant hyperinsulinemia (198.00 uIU/ml and 275 uIU/ml) and were treated with metformin. Two girls needed only a diet and increased physical activity. The mean values of HOMA-IR (1.26-2.65; N< 1) and IS (58 ±17.12) in fo-ur SGA overweight/obese children who caught-up growth had indistinguishable values with the group of 32 (M: F=21:11) obese children (HOMA-IR 1.83±1.2 SDS; IS 82.99±64.53 SDS) born in term with normal birth weight and height.

Conclusions: SGA born children are usually thin; nevertheless we found overweight and obesity in 4% of the patients. Two of those children have metabolic syndrome. Excess weight, obesity and metabolic syndrome in SGA children result with increase of their inherent risk for DM2, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in adulthood.
Low Molecular Weight Proteinuria in Children with Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis
Authors: Salihu Shpetim , Tosheska Katerina , Cekovska Svetlana , Gucev Zoran , Polenakovic Momir , Tasic Velibor 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) (MIM #267300, #602722 and #179800) is a rare inherited tubulopathy characterized by the inability of the distal tubule to acidify the urine with consecutive systemic acidosis. The clinical features include polyuria, polydipsia, poor appetite, failure to thrive, short stature and rickets. Prominent biochemical features are hypokalemia, hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia. There are reports on patients who presented with unusual biochemical features such as low molecular proteinuria, hypophosphatemia, hypouricemia, generalized hyperaminioaciduria, hyperoxaluria and other making diagnostic confusion to the clinicians. In this work, we report on a series of 8 children with clinically, biochemically and genetically proven dRTA who present with low molecular proteinuria at the disease onset. With metabolic compensation of the disease, there was complete resolution of the low molecular weight protenuria and other proximal tubular abnormalities in all children. Late recognition of the disease with long standing hypokalemia and acidosis may result in abnormal expression and function of the transporters in the proximal tubules. Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoeresis is an accurate method for detection and follow up of patients with low molecular weight proteinuria.
Parameters of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kostovski Marko , Gucev Zoran , Tasic Velibor , Polenakovic Momir 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background: Obesity is the most common chronic metabolic disease in children and adolescents. It has reached epidemic ranges and is a significant global problem.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the possible metabolic disturbances in children and adolescents with obesity and severe obesity.

Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study included 158 (82 boys, 76 girls) obese children and adolescents between ages of 0 and 17years (10.43 ± 3.11 years). The obesity was defined according to the sex- and age-specific growth charts proposed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as BMI ≥ 95th percentile. Severe obesity was classified as 120% of the 95th percentile for age and sex. Study participants underwent medical assessment and analysis of: ALT, AST, fasting serum triglycerides, total serum cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose and plasma glucose from oral glucose tolerance test.

Results: The majority of study participants were severely obese (69.92%). The highest distribution of abnormal biochemical results was seen in elevated ALT (53.91%) followed by elevated triglycerides (34.75%). The prevalence of abnormal total cholesterol level was significantly higher (p=0.04) in the group of obese children compared to the severely obese children. The levels of total cholesterol were also statistically higher in the group of adolescents compared to preadolescents (p=0.02). An important number of obese patients (2.5%) and even higher number of severely obese patients (5.26%) had carbohydrate intolerance.

Conclusion: There was a significant elevation of ALT, total serum cholesterol and triglycerides in all study participants. High serum lipids and high hepatic enzymes (as introduction in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) are alarming. Strikingly, there was carbohydrate intolerance in an important number of patients. Treatment and education of patients and parents is mandatory. Preventive measures in the society concerning childhood obesity are necessary.
Efficacy of Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine on Pain Relief After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Toleska Marija , Kartalov Andrijan , Kuzmanovska Biljana , Panovski Milcho , Shosholcheva Mirjana , Dimitrovski Aleksandar , Cholanchevski Risto , Toleska Natasha , Zdravkovska Milka 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Introduction: Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy do experience postoperative pain, especially in the abdomen. Postoperative pain management remains a major challenge after laparoscopic procedures. Administration of intraperitoneal local anesthetic (IPLA) after surgery is used as a method of reducing postoperative pain. In this study, we evaluated the effect of intraperitoneal infiltration of local anesthetic (bupivacaine) for pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Material and methods: In this prospective, controlled, and randomized study were included 50 patients aged 25-60 years (35 female and 15 male), scheduled to laparoscopic cholecystectomy with ASA classification 1 and 2. Patients were classified randomly into two groups: group A, which included 25 patients who received intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine 0.5% 20 ml; and group B, which included 25 patients who didn’t receive any intraperitoneal instillation. Postoperative pain was recorded using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for 24 hours after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Results: There was no significant difference with respect to age, weight, and sex; duration of surgery; and anesthesia time. VAS scores at different time intervals were statistically significantly lower at all times in group A compared to group B. There were statistically significant differences in VAS scores between group A and group B at all postoperative time points - 1hr,4 hr,8 hr,12hr and 24hr (p < 0.00001).

Conclusion: Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine provides good analgesia in the postoperative period after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Relações família e escola: considerações sobre a influência desta parceria na educação escolar
Authors: Lopes Mario Marcos , Vidal Bruna Venturini 
Published: August 2018

A relação entre família e escola passou por diversas mudanças ao longo do tempo até chegar às condições atuais. Para abordá-la, é necessário falar sobre a importância das duas instituições na história, juntamente com suas trajetórias, possibilitando assim, um maior entendimento de seus papeis na sociedade. Neste sentido, esse trabalho objetiva entender e discutir a contribuição da relação Família x Escola na educação escolar. Por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, podemos compreender a influência de cada instituição no processo de ensino e aprendizagem, identificando possíveis maneiras de auxiliar os alunos de forma mais efetiva durante o cotidiano escolar e, a união entre a família e a escola pode possibilitar aos alunos uma educação escolar mais completa e significativa.
PENGGUNAAN METODE PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DENGAN PENDEKATAN SMART GROUP DISCUSSION – EXPERT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI MAHASISWA PROGRAM STUDI AKUNTANSI
Authors: Kumalawati Lely 
Published: August 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana metode problem based learning dengan pendekatan smart group discussion-expert yang dirancang oleh peneliti dapat meningkatkan kompetensi mahasiswa Jurusan Akuntansi. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah evaluasi hasil belajar mahasiswa untuk semua mata kuliah yang diajarkan oleh peneliti dan evaluasi kinerja mengajar dosen. Tujuan jangka panjang penelitian ini adalah menemukan pendekatan baru dari metode problem based learning untuk dipatenkan di Politeknik Negeri Madiun. Pendekatan baru tersebut akan dijadikan dasar dan diusulkan untuk menetapkan rencana mutu pengembangan, evaluasi alternatif, evaluasi proses belajar mengajar, merekontruksi perangkat pembelajaran, dan mengembangkan bahan ajar. Penelitian ini dibagi dalam dua tahap, yaitu penelitian tahap pertama menggunakan siklus untuk penelitian tindakan kelas, dan penelitian tahap kedua hasil penelitian tindakan kelas akan diuji secara empiris dengan menetapkan variabel, hipotesis penelitian, dan diuji dengan teknik analisis regresi linear berganda. Kata Kunci: Problem Based Learning, Smart Group Discussion-Expert
Expectativas dos estudantes de Odontologia quanto ao futuro profissional
Authors: Marques Milton Duque , Souza Camila Agra , Pazos Carolina Thaiza Costa , Amaral Debora Soares do , Vieira Everton Gomes , Campos Wagna Cavalcanti Siqueira , Amorim Carvalho Elaine Judite 
Published: August 2018

Este trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer as expectativas, projetos profissionais e projeções de êxito nas atividades laborais futuras dos estudantes de odontologia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. O estudo foi realizado no âmbito da própria universidade, nas dependências do curso de odontologia. A população de estudo foi de estudantes do 1º período diurno e noturno (n=43), 5º período (n=41) e 10º período (n=21). A maioria dos estudantes entrevistados consistia de jovens, solteiros (99%) e do sexo feminino (65,7%), com renda familiar de até R$ 5.100,00 ao mês (80,9%). Observou-se que 83,8% optaram por estudar odontologia por se identificar com a profissão. Os alunos também reconheceram o padrão de qualidade das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior e este foi o motivo de escolha pela universidade (74,3%). Não houve diferenças quanto a ingressar futuramente no mercado laboral público ou privado, sendo ambas opções viáveis na concepção dos entrevistados. A promoção de saúde foi o fator relatado como principal fonte de realização profissional (71,4%), especialmente para os alunos de períodos iniciais do curso (p=0,026). A estimativa inicial de renda está dentro dos limites de renda familiar atual da maioria dos entrevistados (59%) e 98,1% pretendem fazer curso de pós-graduação, tendo nas especializações o objetivo mais comum (78,6%). Especialidades como cirurgia bucomaxilofacial, ortodontia e implantodontia serão as mais procuradas.
A plataforma Moodle no treinamento de estudantes de Odontologia na avaliação de restaurações classe II em resina composta
Authors: Gava Pizi Eliane Cristina , Sasso Ana Beatriz Millan , Cavalheiro Millena Queiroz , Stape Thiago Henrique Scarabello , Coelho Claudia De Oliveira Lima , Galhano Graziela Ávila Prado 
Published: August 2018

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o padrão de conduta de acadêmicos de Odontologia frente a restaurações classe II em resina composta cuja situação clínica seja de caráter duvidoso. Deste modo, pode-se detectar dificuldades comuns dos estudantes na tomada de decisão da conduta clínica, por meio de critérios de avaliação padronizados, bem como aperfeiçoar uma metodologia auxiliar de ensino digital baseada na plataforma Moodle. Participaram da pesquisa 65 estudantes da disciplina de Dentística que já haviam recebido treinamento teórico sobre critérios clínicos para avaliação de restaurações conforme FDI (World Dental Federation). A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de questionários disponíveis no site Aprender Unoeste (plataforma Moodle). Os estudantes analisaram 22 imagens de restaurações classe II em resina composta disponíveis no site observando os seguintes itens: parâmetros estéticos (brilho superficial, manchamento superficial e marginal, correspondência de cor e translucidez), parâmetros funcionais (fratura do material e retenção, adaptação marginal, forma anatômica proximal/contorno) e parâmetros biológicos (recorrência de cáries e integridade dental). A média de acertos dos alunos foi 6,3±0,7 (sobre pontuação máxima = 10), sendo que os parâmetros estéticos apresentaram menor percentual de acertos. Após o preenchimento do questionário os estudantes obtinham o feedback imediato de suas avaliações, tendo então a possibilidade de verificar seus erros e qual seria a resposta adequada. O estudo detectou dificuldades dos estudantes de Odontologia na análise de restaurações em resina composta e possibilitou que estes adquirissem experiência visual clínica, desenvolvendo seu senso crítico, como auxílio de novas metodologias de ensino-aprendizagem.
The Effects of Relaxation Technics on Anxiety Levels of Pregnants Who Are in Labor
Authors: AVCIBAY VURGEÇ Burcu , ALAN Sultan , GÖKYILDIZ SÜRÜCÜ Şule 
Published: August 2018

Purpose: The research has been done experimentally with the aim of evaluating the
impact of natural pain control methods, such as relaxing, changing position and
breathing technics on the pain anxiety, used on mothers who give birth. Materials and Methods: The
research was designed as an experimentally study. 60 pregnant women were studied by 30 being experiment and 30 being
control groups. . At the beginning of the labor (latent phase) informative
knowledge form and anxiety inventory were applied to one by one conservation
with the pregnant women in experiment and control groups. To the pregnant women
in experiment group education on labor and breathing technics were given during
the labor. Pregnant women were supported for the application of breathing,
changing of position and relaxing. Anxiety inventory were applied again to
pregnant women in experiment group
before end of the latent phase. The pregnant women in the control group were
observed in the routine of the hospital and supportive midwifery care. Results: At the end of the research, effectiveness of
the training were evaluated. Methods which applied to pregnant women to
alleviate labor pain has been found to reduce levels of anxiety. It is
determined that while anxiety point average was 59.37 before the natural pain
control methods such as breathing technics, relaxing and changing of position
are applied in order to decrease labour pain of women who has taken part in the
research, anxiety point average has fallen to 35,70 after using the methods and the difference is
found meaningful statistically (p&lt;0.005).

Conclusions: According to these results, it is designated
that in the event of pregnants' preparations being insufficient, the midwife
who help labour, can decrease pregnants anxiety by using these natural pain
control methods. It has seen that pregnants' getting information about giving
birth and the staff that they get information from have impact on the anxiety
levels (p&gt;0.05).
Penurunan Status Hak Kepemilikan Atas Tanah Dari Hak Milik Menjadi Hak Guna Bangunan Akibat Penyertaan Modal di Perseroan Terbatas
Authors: Prayogi Mogi Ksatria , Sesung Rusdianto 
Published: August 2018

Tanah seringkali dipergunakan sebagai modal saham dalam pendirian Perseroan terbatas karena pertimbangan dari nilai ekonomisnya karena tanah mempunyai nilai yang terus meningkat dalam kurun waktu tertentu dan cenderung tidak akan mengalami kemerosotan. Penggunaan tanah sebagai modal dalam Perseroan Terbatas tidak lepas dari masalah dikarenakan adanya berbagai macam hak atas tanah khususnya berkaitan dengan Hak Milik atas tanah. Penulis dalam penelitian ini ingin menelaah dan menganalisa lebih lanjut tentang ratio legis tidak diberikannya hak milik atas tanah bagi Perseroan Terbatas dan akibat hukum status hak milik atas tanah yang dijadikan penyertaan modal dalam Perseroan Terbatas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif, yaitu penelitian hukum yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka atau bahan hukum sekunder sedangkan pendekatan masalah dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ratio Legis tidak diperbolehkannya Perseroan Terbatas mempunyai tanah dengan hak milik untuk menghindari penyelundupan-penyelundupan terhadap batas maksimum pemilikan tanah. Hak Milik atas tanah yang dialihkan melalui penyertaan kedalam perusahaan harus terlebih dahulu diturunkan haknya menjadi hak guna bangunan agar Perseroan Terbatas sebagai menjadi subyek hukum yang menerima peralihan hak tersebut memenuhi syarat yang telah ditentukan oleh Undang-Undang sebagai pemegang hak atas tanah. Tidak dipenuhinya persyaratan tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya cacat administrasi yang dapat mengakibatkan dibatalkannya hak atas tanah yang bersangkutan dan status tanah menjadi tanah negara.