bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome
Authors: Orchard MR , Hooper J , Wright JA , McCarthy K 
Published: October 2018

Introduction McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome describes the condition of extreme electrolyte and fluid depletion caused by large distal colorectal tumours, usually the benign villous adenoma. Patients generally present critically unwell with severe hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia and/or acute kidney injury. Methods A structured literature review was undertaken to discover what is known about this condition, which is almost universally described as rare. Important features of the syndrome were identified, including common presenting symptoms, blood results, tumour location and size. Findings Our literature search identified 257 cases reported across all languages. The most remarkable features were the long duration of symptoms (median 24 months) and the significant electrolyte derangements (median sodium of 122mmol/l and median potassium of 2.7mmol/l at initial presentation). Five key recommendations are made to improve diagnosis, including aggressive fluid resuscitation to match rectal losses and surgical intervention on the index admission. The advantages and disadvantages of different treatment options are discussed, including minimally invasive alternatives to traditional resectional surgery. Conclusions McKittrick–Wheelock syndrome describes a normally benign condition that can cause patients to become critically unwell and so it behoves all clinicians to be aware of it. By publishing recommendations based on a comprehensive literature review, we aim to improve diagnosis and management of this life threatening condition.
A FILOSOFIA E O SEU ENSINO SOB O DIAPASÃO DA CRIATIVIDADE
Authors: Saldanha Victor Hugo De Oliveira 
Published: October 2018

O presente artigo tem o propósito de abordar a filosofia na perspectiva de sua definição e de seu ensino, especificamente no domínio na educação básica. Aabordagem ora proposta organiza-se numa estrutura tripartite: na primeira parte, pretende-se tecer algumas considerações preambulares à questão “o que é a filosofia?” e, em seguida, traçar dois requisitos fundamentais para uma possível resposta a esta interrogação. A segunda parte apresenta a definição deleuzo-guattariana da filosofia como “a arte de criar conceitos” e assinala a centralidade do conceito e do problema na caracterização da atividade filosófica. À vista da definição deleuzo-guattariana da filosofia como uma atividade per se criativa, definição que descortina o problema do ensino criativo dessa disciplina, a terceira parte sugere como possibilidade do exercício da criatividade no ensino médio a proposta do filósofo Silvio Gallo de compreender a aula de filosofia como uma oficina de conceitos.
L’AMICIZIA SECONDO ARISTOTELE
Authors: Natali Carlo 
Published: October 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é retomar e reinterpretar, à luz das mais recentes contribuições dos comentadores, os dois principais problemas no que diz respeito à concepção aristotélica de amizade: a relação entre as três espécies de amizade e a necessária inclusão da amizade como componete da vida feliz.
CAUSALIDADE MATERIAL NA FILOSOFIA DA MATEMÁTICA DE ALBERTO MAGNO
Authors: Da Silva Marco Aurélio Oliveira 
Published: October 2018

No século XIII, podem-se observar várias posições divergentes quanto à compreensão da demonstração geométrica. Para Tomás de Aquino, tratar-se-ia de uma simples demonstração por causalidade formal — um silogismo no qual a definição do objeto matemático figuraria como termo médio. Roger Bacon, em contrapartida, propunha a experiência como fundamental para entender a prática matemática. Alberto Magno figura em um meio termo, admitindo tanto a demonstração por causalidade formal quanto a demonstração por causalidade material.
DESCARTES E O CETICISMO
Authors: Bittencourt Joceval Andrade 
Published: October 2018

Este artigo analisa a retomada do ceticismo grego pelos pensadores modernos, em três etapas: 1o - Origem e desenvolvimento do ceticismo grego; 2o – condições históricas do século XVI e XVII que facilitaram o acolhimento, entre os principais pensadores da época, do ceticismo grego; 3o – Descartes, tendo transformado adúvida natural em dúvida metódica; tendo combatido e vencido os céticos, indica o Cogito, sua primeira verdade indubitável, como o único caminho, seguro e certo, para o progresso do conhecimento humano.
UMA LEITURA FOUCAULTIANA DA RELAÇÃO CONJUGAL DOS ANTIGOS
Authors: E Santos Ana Lúcia Dos Santos 
Published: October 2018

No presente texto, pretendemos abordar a relação conjugal na ética antiga, elaborando reflexões que de início mostrem como o indivíduo antigo se portava diante da prática dos prazeres, bem como era a relação entre os casais, o escravo, o rapaz e a concubina. Para os antigos, importava a maneira como se procediam diante das práticas dos prazeres, a maneira como mantinham o domínio de si e não como constituir uma moral que delimitasse o certo e o errado. Importavam-se com a maneira de como se manter temperante, sendo capaz de ter um autocontrole sobre si mesmo e também poder governar a cidade. É nessa conjuntura que teremos subsídios para a análise da relação conjugal, a qual as mulheres deviam obediência ao homem e seu esposo, e o homem devia obediência a si mesmo, umavez que necessitava manter-se moderado para isso.
Impact of Thermal Asymmetry on Efficiency of the Heat Recovery and Ways of Restoring Symmetry in the Flow Reversal Reactors
Authors: Gosiewski Krzysztof , Pawlaczyk-Kurek Anna 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The problem discussed in the paper was revealed during experimental and simulation study of the waste fuel utilization (low concentrated CH4) which in coal mines is emitted to the atmosphere as the so-called ventilation air methane (abbreviation: VAM). When an intense heat recovery would be applied to the Reverse-Flow Reactor (RFR) then the reactor becomes susceptible to creation of temperature profiles asymmetry. This may adversely affects the heat recovery efficiency. When a strong asymmetry arises, it can significantly reduce the heat recovery and the system needs immediate counteraction. Commonly used control systems do not always cope with this problem. The paper discusses various RFRs control algorithms from the point of view of the ability to reduce symmetry to the acceptable range. The impact of the loss of reactor symmetry on possible heat recovery efficiency is also briefly discussed. The work is focused on RFRs which operate with significant heat recovery in a heat exchange unit in which heat is retrieved not at the rector outlet, but by cooling the hot gas from the center part of the reactor. Issues discussed in the paper are derived from being carried out in ICE-PAS through many years of simulation research, patent examinations, but primarily from the own experiences on the research & demonstration thermal flow reversal reactor (TFRR) for VAM combustion. Computer control & data recording system process data records of the experiments enabled effectively analyze the problem of creating and preventing thermal asymmetry.
Ethanolic extract of Erythrina velutina Willd ameliorate schizophrenia-like behavior induced by ketamine in mice
Authors: Ximenes Naiara Coelho , Dos Santos Júnior Manuel Alves , Vasconcelos Germana Silva , Dias Kátia Cilene Ferreira , Jucá Mércia Marques , Silva Aline Holanda , Leal Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira , Viana Glauce Socorro Barros , de Sousa Francisca Cléa Florenço , Vasconcelos Silvânia Maria Mendes 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder, characterized by positive, negative and cognitive symptoms. In general, several plants have shown activity in diseases related to the central nervous system (e.g., Erythrina velutina (EEEV), also known as “mulungu”). For this reason, we aimed to investigate the effects of standardized ethanol extract obtained from the stem bark of EEEV on the schizophrenia-like behaviors induced by ketamine (KET) administration.

Methods

Swiss mice were treated with KET (20 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline for 14 days. In addition, from 8th to 14th days, saline, EEEV (200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) or olanzapine (OLAN 2 mg/kg, p.o.) were associated to the protocol. On the 14th day of treatment, schizophrenia-like symptoms were evaluated by the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI), locomotor activity evaluated by the open field test (OFT), spatial recognition memory evaluated by the Y-maze task and social interaction test (SIT).

Results
KET has caused deficits in PPI, and it has also has caused hyperlocomotion in OFT and deficits in SIT as compared to control. EEEV in both doses used, reversed behavioral changes induced by KET, likewise results obtained with the administration of OLAN.

Conclusions
Taken together, the results demonstrate that the standard extract of EEEV was able to revert schizophrenia-like symptoms, due to the administration in repeated doses of ketamine. Thus, our findings lead to a new perspective for the use of EEEV an interesting alternative for drug discovery in schizophrenia.
Property Rights in an Entangled Political Economy
Authors: Novak Mikayla 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper outlines key applications of property rights theory from the standpoint of ‘entangled political economy,’ which conceptualises economic and political agents interacting within society. The entangled political economy framework stresses that property rights denote relationships between societal members, and that property rights are the subject of evolutionary change. The nature and role of property rights in an entangled political economy reinforces the ‘bundle of rights’ perspective, challenging notions of property rights that emphasise the primacy of ownership. Far from necessarily imperilling the integrity of a market-based economic order, the bundle orientation inherent in entangled political economy can accommodate extensive market activities grounded in robust property right protections.
Non-Neutral Money: A Market Process Perspective
Authors: Facchini François 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This article studies the impact of a credit expansion monetary policy on output and unemployment rate. In the introduction the history of the Phillips curve and its interpretation are presented to understand why New Consensus Macroeconomics argues that monetary policy is neutral in long-run i. e. has no effect on economic activity and natural unemployment rate. This New Consensus Macroeconomics supports the independence of the Central Bank, inflation-targeting and the strategy of constrained discretion model and influences strongly the monetary policy of central bank today. The second section critics these three principles of the new consensus. It opposes free-banking to central banking system, and takes the defense of deflation to critic the inflation-targeting. Then the third section deals with long-run neutrality of monetary policy. In an Austrian Business Cycle perspective, there is neutrality of monetary only if the production structure must always return exactly to its level of before the boom. It is improbable, because the monetary policy via tax inflation and artificial variation of real interest rate has a long-run effects on the conditions of financing of entrepreneurial project and in fine all the market process dynamic.
Early Modern migrants in a language contact setting: Characteristics of the Dutch Heusch correspondence (1664–1665)
Authors: van der Wal Marijke 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The present article demonstrates how research on confiscated late-seventeenth-century letters allows us to gain insight into linguistic practices of second and third generations of Dutch-speaking migrants who lived in the German city of Hamburg, in a predominantly Low German region. The historical background of the preserved Heusch correspondence, spoken and written communication in merchant circles, and foreign language learning will be discussed. Apart from examining features such as epistolary formulae, ellipsis, and code switching, the question is also addressed of the degree to which interference from Low (or High) German is found. An analysis of the letters reveals both adoption of the Low German reflexive pronoun sick and a diverse pattern of using the relative particle so, which is shown to be a clear case of adopting (and maybe even extending) a supraregional German relativisation strategy.
Effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation in healthy mothers on DHA and EPA profiles in maternal and umbilical blood: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Soldo Dragan , Mikulić-Kajić Matija , Spalldi Barišić Lara , Penava Nikolina , Orlović Martina , Soldo Neven , Kajić Martin 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
The objective of the study was to compare the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) dietary supplementation on their concentration in total lipids (TL) and lipid fractions of maternal and umbilical vein (UV) blood. The specific objective was to analyze the impact of EPA and DHA supplementation on pregnancy outcome and neonatal birth weight.

Methods
Women were randomly single-blinded (randomized controlled trial; ISRCTN36705743) allocated to the group receiving EPA and DHA supplementation (supplemented group) or the group receiving placebo-corn oil (control group) in the time period from January 1st, 2016 until March 1st, 2017. Women in the supplemented group (n=45) took 360 mg EPA and 240 mg DHA daily while controls (n=42) were given a placebo. Maternal and UV bloods were obtained at delivery. After lipid extraction, phospholipids (PL), cholesterol esters (CE), triacylglycerols (TG) and non-esterified fatty acids were separated by thin layer chromatography and analyzed by gas chromatography.

Results
Higher DHA concentrations in TL (37.24±21.87 mg/L), PL (13.14±8.07 mg/L) and triacylglycerols (2.24±2.21 mg/L) were recorded in mothers from the supplemented group when compared to the study group (TL 21.89±14.53 mg/L; P<0.001; PL 9.33±5.70 mg/L; P=0.013; TG 0.56±0.43 mg/L; P<0.001). Higher DHA concentrations in UV samples were found in TL (11.51±7.34 mg/L), PL (5.29±3.31 mg/L) and triacylglycerols (0.62±0.46 mg/L) from the supplemented groups compared with controls (TL 7.37±3.60 mg/L; P=0.002; PL 3.52±2.19 mg/L; P=0.005; TG 0.40±0.46 mg/L; P=0.035). The ratio of AA:DHA was lower in maternal (2.43) and UV serum (4.0) of the supplemented group than in the control group (maternal 3.85 P<0.001; UV 4.91 P<0.001).

Conclusion
The study demonstrated the higher ratio of AA/DHA in the control group indicating that pregnant women on the traditional Herzegovina diet need supplementation with DHA and EPA.
Risk Analysis of Cumulative Intraday Return Curves
Authors: Kokoszka Piotr , Miao Hong , Stoev Stilian , Zheng Ben 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Motivated by the risk inherent in intraday investing, we propose several ways of quantifying extremal behavior of a time series of curves. A curve can be extreme if it has shape and/or magnitude much different than the bulk of observed curves. Our approach is at the nexus of functional data analysis and extreme value theory. The risk measures we propose allow us to assess probabilities of observing extreme curves not seen in a historical record. These measures complement risk measures based on point-to-point returns, but have different interpretation and information content. Using our approach, we study how the financial crisis of 2008 impacted the extreme behavior of intraday cumulative return curves. We discover different impacts on shares in important sectors of the US economy. The information our analysis provides is in some cases different from the conclusions based on the extreme value analysis of daily closing price returns.
Must We Protect Foreign Investors?
Authors: Kniess Johannes 
Published: October 2018

AbstractInvestment protection clauses, and the investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanisms they enable, have become a common feature of international agreements on trade and investment. Intended to promote foreign investment, these protections may also discourage governments from regulating in the public interest. This raises challenging normative questions about the rights of investors and distributive justice. In this paper, I argue that a global investment regime that disadvantages developing countries and socially disadvantaged groups is prima facie unfair. This conclusion must be defended against the claim that investors have certain independent moral rights to have their property protected, regardless of the distributive consequences. Granting the premise that such investor rights exist, I argue that these cannot plausibly ground a general rule against public interest regulation that undermines the value of property. I conclude that even if foreign investors have rights that must be safeguarded, the current investment regime must be reformed.
Dissolution improvement of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a polymer melt by hot melt extrusion
Authors: Restrepo-Uribe Laura , Ioannidis Nicolas , del Pilar Noriega Maria 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Dissolution of poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in polymeric melts plays an important role in the manufacturing of solid dispersions and solid solutions. The understanding of the dissolution is essential for selecting the processing equipment, the operating conditions, and the polymer excipients. The methodology presented in this work for ketoprofen (KTO) and polymer excipients serves as a screening process to select the best API-polymer formulation for hot melt extrusion (HME) to target a specific release profile. KTO dispersion within the polymer was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dissolution tests. Thermal characterization shows that a single phase amorphous solid solution (one glass transition temperature [Tg]) was achieved under the HME processing conditions and screw configuration; and with the combination of polymer excipients, an extended release profile of KTO was accomplished, releasing 100% of KTO in 24 h.
Applied battery diagnosis
Authors: Berendes Erik , Socher Sebastian , Potthoff Ulrich 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Development and design of new batteries require numerous electrical diagnostic methods; impedance spectroscopy is a prevalent one of them. Nevertheless, there occurs to be a gap from laboratory conditions to the final application point of view due to differing accuracy requirements, data availability and data quality. This chapter provides some insight into applicability of analysis methods outside the laboratory scale. The beneficial usage of the impedance spectroscopy approach will be shown for three typical fields of application, namely state of charge determination, temperature detection as well as battery degradation analysis, while several chemistries like innovative LiS or LFP were under investigation.
Physicochemical approaches to gold and silver work, an overview: Searching for technologies, tracing routes, attempting to preserve
Authors: Guerra Maria F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGold alloys and silver alloys have always been widely employed in the production of significant objects. With high reflectivity, precious metals are perceived as both materials and colours, and can be skilfully combined to produce metallic polychrome effects. Because their structure and composition contain information on their manufacture, use, disclaim and degradation, items in gold and in silver enclose major information on the technologies employed by past societies and on exchange networks. This information can be acquired using appropriate analytical protocols, established according to the nature of the query and the characteristics of the objects.By using physicochemical techniques, it is possible to identify the technologies, materials and tools used by the artisan and, in particular cases, to situate the sources of raw materials and the workshops producing the objects, as well as to follow the trade routes. The aim of this work is to outline major achievements in the study of goldwork and silverwork based on the different physicochemical methods that are available, and to refer the analytical difficulties that have to be faced when studying objects made from precious metals. Based on several examples, three topics are addressed. The first concerns the major role of the techniques of exam when describing shaping, decorating, assembling and finishing; the second considers the search for metallic polychrome effects in some cultural areas; and the third discusses the challenging question of fingerprinting. A fourth section is dedicated to a short reflection on the difficulties related to the identification of the atmospheric corrosion mechanisms of precious metals.
Substituent effects on linear and nonlinear optical properties of fluorescent (E)-2-(4-halophenyl)-7-arlstyrylimidazo[1,2-A]pyridine: spectroscopic and computational methods
Authors: Jadhav Siddheshwar D. , Ramasami Ponnadurai , Sekar Nagaiyan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Effects of alkylamino and bromo substituents on imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines containing donor-π-acceptor type groups were comprehensively investigated for their linear and nonlinear optical properties by solvatochromic and DFT (CAM-B3LYP and BHandHLYP) methods. The difference between the ground and excited dipole moments as well as their ratios obtained by solvatochromic analysis indicate that the excited state is more polar than the ground state for both the bromo and diethyl amino derivative. More than twofold enhancement in the excited state dipole moments was observed as revealed by the difference and ratio of dipole moment upon the introduction of alkylamino donor group and these suggest large intramolecular charge transfer in the dyes. Stabilization energy above 20 kJ/mol was observed for large number of electron donor–acceptor interactions in Natural Bonding Orbital (NBO) analysis. Bond length alternation (BLA) and Bond order alternation (BOA) values tend to zero suggesting a high degree of polarization in the dyes. Enhancement in mean polarizability (α0), first hyperpolarizability (β0) and second static hyperpolarizabilities (
$\bar \gamma$) were observed by the introduction of alkylamino and bromo group in place of chloro in spite of the fact that Hammett constant of chloro and bromo are the same. The dyes have fundamental and intrinsic properties within the Hamiltonian limits. The two-photon absorption cross section value (≈100 GM) is comparable with LDS-698, a commercial TPA dye. This investigation is important for understanding the electronic structure of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine with active functional groups and extending the potential for optical applications.
Is mathematical knowledge a precedent for modal knowledge?: A novel objection to Lewis’s modal epistemology
Authors: Lim Joungbin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to raise a novel objection to Lewis’s modal realist epistemology. After reformulating his modal epistemology, I shall argue that his view that we have necessary knowledge of the existence of counterparts ends up with an absurdity. Specifically, his analogy between mathematical knowledge and modal knowledge leads to an unpleasant conclusion that one’s counterpart exists in all possible worlds. My argument shows that if Lewis’s modal realism is true, we cannot know what is possible. Conversely, if we can know what is possible, his modal realism is false. In the remainder of the paper, I shall consider and block possible objections to my argument.