bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise-induced hypoalgesia in women with varying levels of menstrual pain
Authors: Travers Mervyn , Moss Penny , Gibson William , Hince Dana , Yorke Sheree , Chung Connie , Langford Rebecca , Tan Esther Ee Woon , Ng Jolene , Palsson Thorvaldur Skuli 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background and aims:
Exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) is a well-established phenomenon in pain-free individuals that describes a decrease in pain sensitivity after an acute bout of exercise. The EIH response has been demonstrated to be sub-optimal in the presence of persisting pain. Menstrual pain is a common recurrent painful problem with many women experiencing high levels of pain each cycle. However, the EIH response has not been examined in a cohort of women with high levels of menstrual pain. This research aimed to examine whether EIH manifests differently in women with varying levels of menstrual pain. The primary hypothesis was that women with high levels of menstrual pain would demonstrate compromised EIH. Secondary aims were to explore relationships between EIH and emotional state, sleep quality, body mass index (BMI) or physical activity levels.

Methods:
Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were measured in 64 participants using a digital handheld algometer before and after a submaximal isometric-handgrip exercise. EIH index was compared between low (VAS 0–3), moderate (VAS 4–7) and high (VAS 8–10) pain groups, using a linear mixed model analysis with participant as a random effect, and site, menstrual pain category and the interaction between the two, as fixed effects.

Results:
EIH was consistently induced in all groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the pain groups for EIH index (p=0.835) or for any co-variates (p>0.05).

Conclusions:
EIH was not found to differ between women who report regular low, moderate or high levels of menstrual pain, when measured at a point in their menstrual cycle when they are pain free.

Implications:
This study provides insight that EIH does not vary in women with differing levels of menstrual pain when they are not currently experiencing pain. The current findings indicate that, although menstrual pain can involve regular episodes of high pain levels, it may not be associated with the same central nervous system dysfunctions as seen in sustained chronic pain conditions.
Automatic detection of fused tungsten carbides for the characterization of welding process
Authors: Rosenberger Maik , Zhang Chen , Günther Karsten , Bergmann Jean P. , Notni Gunther 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This paper represents an imaged-based method for the quantitative characterization of the dissolution behaviour of fused
tungsten carbide in the welding process. For the metallographic investigations based on microscopic images, a hybrid image
segmentation procedure for the detection of hard phases is proposed to quantify their amount and distribution in the
matrix material. With the help of this tool, the dependence of hard phase characteristic on the welding parameters was
investigated.
The alkaline earth-palladium-germanides Sr3Pd4Ge4 and BaPdGe
Authors: Stein Sebastian , Matar Samir F. , Schmolke Kai Heinz , Kösters Jutta , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The germanides Sr3Pd4Ge4 and BaPdGe were obtained from high-temperature reactions in sealed niobium ampoules and their structures have been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data: a=444.2(1), b=438.1(1), c=2472.2(7) pm, space group Immm, U3Ni4Si4 type, wR2=0.0471, 576 unique reflections, 25 parameters for Sr3Pd4Ge4 and a=677.09(8), space group P213, LaIrSi type, wR2=0.0322, 409 unique reflections, nine parameters for BaPdGe. Both germanides have pronounced three-dimensional [Pd4Ge4]
δ− and [PdGe]
δ− polyanionic networks with Pd–Ge bonding interactions. This is confirmed by the density functional theory (DFT)-based electronic structure investigations, the trends of charge transfer and crystal orbital overlap population (COOP) analyses.
Single-Leg Roman Chair Hold Is More Effective Than the Nordic Hamstring Curl in Improving Hamstring Strength-Endurance in Gaelic Footballers With Previous Hamstring Injury
Authors: Macdonald Ben , O'Neill John , Pollock Noel , Van Hooren Bas 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Macdonald, B, O'Neill, J, Pollock, N, and Van Hooren, B. Single-leg Roman chair hold is more effective than the Nordic hamstring curl in improving hamstring strength-endurance in Gaelic footballers with previous hamstring injury. J Strength Cond Res 33(12): 3302–3308, 2019—Poor hamstring strength-endurance is a risk factor for hamstring injuries. This study investigated the effectiveness of the single-leg Roman hold and Nordic hamstring curl in improving hamstring strength-endurance. Twelve Gaelic footballers (mean ± SD age, height, and mass were 25.17 ± 3.46 years, 179.25 ± 5.88 cm, 85.75 ± 4.75 kg, respectively) with a history of hamstring injury were randomized into 2 groups that performed 6 weeks of either Nordic hamstring curl or single-leg Roman chair hold training. The single-leg hamstring bridge (SLHB) was measured before and after intervention. The Roman chair group showed a very likely moderate magnitude improvement on SLHB performance for both legs (23.7% for the previously injured leg [90% confidence interval 9.6–39.6%] and 16.9% for the noninjured leg [6.2–28.8%]). The Nordic curl group showed a likely trivial change in SLHB performance for the noninjured leg (−2.1% [−6.7 to 2.6%]) and an unclear, but possibly trivial change for the previously injured leg (0.3% [−5.6 to 6.6%]). The Roman chair group improved very likely more with a moderate magnitude in both the noninjured (19.5% [8.0–32.2%]) and the previously injured leg (23.3% [8.5–40.0%]) compared with the Nordic curl group. This study demonstrated that 6-week single-leg Roman chair training substantially improved SLHB performance, suggesting that it may be an efficacious strategy to mitigate hamstring (re-) injury risk. Conversely, 6-week Nordic curl training did not substantially improve SLHB performance, suggesting this may not be the intervention of choice for modifying this risk factor.
Evaluating Physical Workload by Position During Match in Elite Bandy
Authors: Blomqvist Sven , Ervasti Per-Eric , Elcadi Guilherme H. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Blomqvist, S, Ervasti, PE, and Elcadi, GH. Evaluating physical workload by position during match in elite bandy. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2616–2622, 2018—To improve current understandings of physical workload (WL) in elite bandy, 10 bandy players were monitored for heart rate (HR) during 13 matches over 1 championship season. Participants were divided into 5 subgroups according to playing position—libero, defender, halves, midfielder, and forward. Heart rate measurements were analyzed with 2 different methods to compute physical WL—(a) percentage of total time spent in different HR zones (HRres) and (b) WL based on the Edwards method. Also determined was the time spent at HR levels above the lactate threshold (LT). A one-way analysis of variance was used for analysis. For WL, according to the Edwards method, significant differences (p = 0.05) were shown between the groups with defenders presenting the highest scores, and forwards and liberos the lowest. A significant difference (p = 0.05) was found between liberos and halves and the other positions as to how much time they spent in zone 70–80% of HRres. In 91–100% of HRres, there was a distinct difference between defenders and the other positions and also forwards differed significantly from liberos, defenders, and halves (p = 0.05). The libero spent only 1% of the time over the LT, whereas the midfielder spent approximately 27% of the time over the LT. Overall, defenders showed the greatest WL during a match and liberos the lowest. The practical implications of these findings can help coaches and trainers design training methods specific to each position and individualized training sessions for each player in elite bandy.
Maternal and Early Postnatal Immune Activation Produce Dissociable Effects on Neurotransmission in mPFC–Amygdala Circuits
Authors: Li Yan , Missig Galen , Finger Beate C. , Landino Samantha M. , Alexander Abigail J. , Mokler Emery L. , Robbins James O. , Manasian Yunona , Kim Woori , Kim Kwang-Soo , McDougle Christopher J. , Carlezon William A. , Bolshakov Vadim Y. 
Published: February 2018

Inflammatory processes may be involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric illnesses including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Evidence from studies in rodents indicates that immune activation during early development can produce core features of ASD (social interaction deficits, dysregulation of communication, increases in stereotyped behaviors, and anxiety), although the neural mechanisms of these effects are not thoroughly understood. We treated timed-pregnant mice with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C), which simulates a viral infection, or vehicle on gestational day 12.5 to produce maternal immune activation (MIA). Male offspring received either vehicle or lipopolysaccharide, which simulates a bacterial infection, on postnatal day 9 to produce postnatal immune activation (PIA). We then used optogenetics to address the possibility that early developmental immune activation causes persistent alterations in the flow of signals within the mPFC to basolateral amygdala (BLA) pathway, a circuit implicated in ASD. We found that our MIA regimen produced increases in synaptic strength in glutamatergic projections from the mPFC to the BLA. In contrast, our PIA regimen produced decreases in feedforward GABAergic inhibitory postsynaptic responses resulting from activation of local circuit interneurons in the BLA by mPFC-originating fibers. Both effects were seen together when the regimens were combined. Changes in the balance between excitation and inhibition were differentially translated into the modified spike output of BLA neurons. Our findings raise the possibility that prenatal and postnatal immune activation may affect different cellular targets within brain circuits that regulate some of the core behavioral signs of conditions such as ASD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTImmune system activation during prenatal and early postnatal development may contribute to the development of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Combining optogenetic approaches and behavioral assays that reflect core features of ASD (anxiety, decreased social interactions), we uncovered mechanisms by which the ASD-associated behavioral impairments induced by immune activation could be mediated at the level of interactions within brain circuits implicated in control of emotion and motivation (mPFC and BLA, specifically). Here, we present evidence that prenatal and postnatal immune activation can have different cellular targets in the brain, providing support to the notion that the etiology of ASD may be linked to the excitation/inhibition imbalance in the brain affecting the signal flow within relevant behavior-driving neural microcircuits.
Combination immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy nivolumab and ipilimumab associated with multiple endocrinopathies
Authors: Gunawan Florence , George Elizabeth , Roberts Adam 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the mainstay of treatment for advanced melanoma, and their use is being increasingly implicated in the development of autoimmune endocrinopathies. We present a case of a 52-year-old man with metastatic melanoma on combination nivolumab and ipilumimab therapy who developed concurrent hypophysitis, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and diabetes insipidus. He presented prior to third cycle of combination treatment with a headache, myalgias and fatigue. Biochemistry and MRI pituitary confirmed anterior pituitary dysfunction with a TSH: 0.02 mU/L (0.5–5.5 mU/L), fT4: 5.2 pmol/L (11–22 pmol/L), fT3: 4.0 pmol/L (3.2–6.4 pmol/L), cortisol (12:00 h): <9 nmol/L (74–286 nmol/L), FSH: 0.7 IU/L (1.5–9.7 IU/L), LH: <0.1 IU/L (1.8–9.2 IU/L), PRL: 1 mIU/L (90–400 mIU/L), SHBG: 34 nmol/L (19–764 nmol/L) and total testosterone: <0.4 nmol/L (9.9–27.8 nmol/L). High-dose dexamethasone (8 mg) was administered followed by hydrocortisone, thyroxine and topical testosterone replacement. Two weeks post administration of the third cycle, he became unwell with lethargy, weight loss and nocturia. Central diabetes insipidus was diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and sodium of 149 mmol/L (135–145 mmol/L). Desmopressin nasal spray was instituted with symptom resolution and normalization of serum sodium. Three weeks later, he presented again polyuric and polydipsic. His capillary glucose was 20.8 mmol/L (ketones of 2.4 mmol), low C-peptide 0.05 nmol/L (0.4–1.5 nmol/L) and HbA1c of 7.7%. T1DM was suspected, and he was commenced on an insulin infusion with rapid symptom resolution. Insulin antibodies glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), insulin antibody-2 (IA-2) and zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) were negative. A follow-up MRI pituitary revealed findings consistent with recovering autoimmune hypophysitis. Immunotherapy was discontinued based on the extent of these autoimmune endocrinopathies.

Learning points:

The most effective regime for treatment of metastatic melanoma is combination immunotherapy with nivolumab and ipilumimab, and this therapy is associated with a high incidence of autoimmune endocrinopathies.

Given the high prevalence of immune-related adverse events, the threshold for functional testing should be low.

Traditional antibody testing may not be reliable to identify early-onset endocrinopathy.

Routine screening pathways have yet to be adequately validated through clinical trials.
Cost-Effectiveness of Supplemental Donor Milk Versus Formula for Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Trang Susan , Zupancic John A.F. , Unger Sharon , Kiss Alex , Bando Nicole , Wong Sabrina , Gibbins Sharyn , O’Connor Deborah L. ,   on behalf of the GTA DoMINO Feeding Group
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVES:
To determine the cost-effectiveness of supplemental donor human milk (DHM) versus preterm formula (PTF) for very low birth weight (VLBW, &lt;1500 g) infants from a societal perspective to 18 months’ corrected age.

METHODS:
This prospective cost-effectiveness analysis of 363 VLBW infants was conducted for a randomized control trial. Infants recruited from October 2010 to December 2012 were fed DHM or PTF whenever mother’s milk was unavailable. Formal health care costs for initial hospitalization and readmissions were obtained from standardized cost-accounting systems and physician fees. Informal and nonhealth care sector costs (eg, caregiver transportation, labor market earnings) were calculated from parent reports.

RESULTS:
Mean infant birth weight was 996 (SD, 272) grams. Incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) differed between groups (all stages 3.9% DHM, 11.0% PTF; P = .01). Costs to 18 months did not differ with a mean (95% confidence interval) of 217 624 (197 697–237 551) and 217 245 (196 494–237 995) 2015 Canadian dollars in the DHM and PTF groups. Postdischarge costs were lower in the DHM (46 440 [40 648–52 233]) than PTF group (55 102 [48 269–61 934]) (P = .04), driven by parent lost wages. DHM cost an additional $5328 per case of averted NEC.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a high mother’s milk use setting, total costs from a societal perspective to 18 months of providing supplemental DHM versus PTF to VLBW infants did not differ, although postdischarge costs were lower in the DHM group. Although supplemental DHM was not cost-saving, it reduced NEC supporting its use over PTF.
Malonaldehyde Level of Administration Ethanol Extract of Purple Sweet Potato Var. Ayamurasaki in Doca-Salt Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Rahmawati Irma Sarita 
Published: February 2018

There is an increasing amount of evidence that oxidative stress related to hypertension can damage the function of diverse structures such as aorta. It is a well-established fact that chlorogenic acid and anthocyanine found in purple sweet potato generates bioactive compound with antihypertensive and antioxidant activities. The present study sought to investigate antioxidant activity of extract ethanol of purple sweet potato (EP) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA–salt)–induced hypertensive rats (Rattus norvegicus). The rats were orally administrated a 95% ethanol extract of purple sweet potato (var. Ayamurasaki) (EP) in a daily dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks. Aorta total malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathology of aorta abdominal were examined. Aorta injury was observed in DOCA-salt hypertensive group rats compared to normotensive group rats, as aorta MDA significantly increased (P <0.05). In contrast, treatment of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats with different dose of EP significantly reduced the total aorta MDA, as well as repair kidney damage, suppressed smooth muscle cell proliferation and lessen aorta wall thickening compared to controls. This is the first report that demonstrated blood pressure lowering and antioxidative effects of an ethanol extract of purple sweet potato, containing chlorogenic acid, in a DOCA–salt model of hypertension.
All-Cause Mortality for Life Insurance Applicants with a History of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Freitas Stephen A. , MacKenzie Ross , Wylde David N. , Roudebush Bradley T. , Bergstrom Richard L. , Holowaty J. Carl , Beckman Margaret , Rigatti Steven J. , Gill Stacy 
Published: February 2018

Objective. – To determine the all-cause mortality of life insurance applicants diagnosed with prostate cancer currently or at some time in the past.
Background. – Prostate cancer is common and a frequent cause of cancer death. Both the frequency of prostate cancer in men and its propensity for causing premature mortality require insurance company medical directors and underwriters to have a good understanding of prostate cancer-related mortality trends, patterns, and outcomes in the insured population.
Methodology. – Life insurance applicants with reported prostate cancer were extracted from data covering United States residents between November 2007 and November 2014. Information about these applicants was matched to the Social Security Death Master (SSDMF) file for deaths occurring from 2007 to 2011 and to another commercially available death source file (Other Death Source, ODS) for deaths occurring from 2007 to 2014 to determine vital status. Actual to Expected (A/E) mortality ratios were calculated using the Society of Actuaries 2015 Valuation Basic Table (2015VBT), select and ultimate table (age last birthday) and the 2013 US population as expected mortality ratios. All expected bases were not smoker distinct.
Results. – The study covered applicants between the ages of 45 and 75 and had approximately 405,000 person-years of exposure. Older aged applicants had a lower mortality ratio than those who were younger. Applicants 45 to 54 had the highest mortality ratios in the first year after diagnosis which steadily decreased in years 6 to 10 with an increase in the mortality ratio for those over 10 years from diagnosis. Relative mortality rate was close to unity for those with localized cancer across all age groups. The mortality ratio was 2 to 4 times greater for those with cancer in 1 positive node, and much greater with 3 positive nodes. For each time-from-diagnosis category, the relative mortality ratios compared to age were highest in the 45–54 age group. The A/E mortality ratios based on the 2015VBT were consistently 3 to 4 times that of the mortality ratios based on the 2013 US population.
Conclusion. – The mortality patterns of insurance applicants with prostate cancer were similar to that observed in individuals with prostate cancer in the general population. Applicant age, time to diagnosis and cancer severity were the most significant variables to predict mortality.
A QUALIDADE DA EDUCA��O, O FINANCIAMENTO E A RELA��O P�BLICO-PRIVADA NO PLANO NACIONAL DE EDUCA��O (2014-2024): PERSPCETIVAS, TENS�ES E DESAFIOS
Authors: Da Silva Givanildo , Santos Inalda Maria dos , Silva Alex Vieira da 
Published: February 2018

RESUMO
O presente trabalho objetivou fazer uma reflex�o te�rica sobre o Plano Nacional de Educa��o (2014-2024) com �nfase nas categorias qualidade e financiamento da Educa��o e a rela��o p�blico � privada apresentadas na referida Pol�tica P�blica. A metodologia desenvolvida foi por meio da pesquisa bibliogr�fica, tendo como principais te�ricos os que contribu�ram para a compreens�o da discuss�o Dourado (2014); Saviani (2014); Filho (2014); Azevedo (2014); Amaral (2014), entre outros. Os principais resultados apontam que o PNE (2014-2024) � uma Pol�tica P�blica educacional que contribui para os avan�os na Educa��o. A qualidade apresentada se refere aos resultados dos �ndices educacionais a partir das avalia��es em larga escala; sobre o financiamento houve avan�os com a aprova��o dos 10% do PIB para a educa��o; no entanto, a rela��o p�blico-privada prevalece nas pol�ticas educacionais, a qual desfavorece um investimento significativo na Educa��o p�blica.
Palavras-chave: Plano Nacional de Educa��o; Qualidade; Financiamento; Rela��o P�blico-privada.
QUALITY OF EDUCATION, FINANCE AND PUBLIC- PRIVATE RELATIONSHIP IN EDUCATION NATIONAL (2014-2024): PERSPCETIVAS, TENSIONS AND CHALLENGES
ABSTRACT

This paper aims to make a theoretical reflection on the National Education Plan (2014-2024) with emphasis on quality categories and financing of education and public relation - Private drawn in that public policy. The methodology developed was through literature, the main theoreticians who contributed to the understanding of the Golden discussion (2014); Saviani (2014); Son (2014); Azevedo (2014); Amaral (2014), among others. The main results show that the PNE (2014-2024) is an educational public policy that contributes to advances in education; presented quality refers to the results of educational indicators from large-scale assessments; on the financing progress was made with the approval of 10 % of GDP to education; however, the public - private relationship prevails in education policy, which discourages significant investment in public education.
Keywords: National Education Plan; Quality; Financing; public- private relationship.
POL�TICAS DE PROMO��O DA IGUALDADE RACIAL: ESTUDO DE CASO NO MUNIC�PIO DE JEQUI�-BAHIA
Authors: Eugenio Benedito , Andrade Fernando Silva 
Published: February 2018

RESUMO
Nos �ltimos anos foram implantadas no pa�s muitas pol�ticas de promo��o da igualdade racial. Neste artigo apresentamos os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou analisar as a��es e pol�ticas de promo��o da igualdade racial implementadas pela Prefeitura de Jequi� - BA, materializadas na cria��o do N�cleo de Estudo das Culturas Africana e afro-brasileira na rede municipal de educa��o. A pesquisa � qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. Os dados foram constru�dos por meio de entrevistas e an�lise documental. As conclus�es assinalam que o N�cleo de Estudo das Culturas Africana e Afro-brasileira representou um avan�o significativo tanto para implementa��o da Lei 10639/2003 no munic�pio de Jequi� quanto para mudan�as de atitudes e comportamentos por meios das a��es desenvolvidas.
Palavras-chave: Igualdade racial; Pol�ticas p�blicas; Rela��es raciais.
EDUCA��O E EMANCIPA��O
Authors: Rossi Rafael 
Published: February 2018

RESUMO
O presente artigo representa um esfor�o te�rico de compreens�o da rela��o que se estabelece entre o complexo social da educa��o e a categoria fundante do ser social: o trabalho. Nesse aspecto, partimos das elabora��es oferecidas pela ontologia marxiana por ajudar a compreender a realidade objetiva com base em seu pr�prio movimento hist�rico de complexifica��o. Esta discuss�o � fundamental para analisar os limites e as possibilidades da pr�tica educativa perante a sociabilidade capitalista da contemporaneidade. Com efeito, tratamos desta tem�tica a partir das bases onto-metodol�gicas oferecidas por Marx, Luk�cs, M�sz�ros, S. Lessa e I. Tonet; pois estes autores, dentre outros, oferecem reflex�es de ordem eminentemente cr�tica e radical � reflex�o ideopol�tica sobre o complexo educacional.
Palavras-chave: Ontologia Marxiana; Trabalho; Educa��o; Emancipa��o.