bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional radiographic features of ameloblastoma and cystic lesions in the maxilla
Authors: Meng Yuan , Zhao Ya-Ning , Zhang Ya-Qiong , Liu Deng-Gao , Gao Yan 
Published: May 2019

Objectives: To characterize the radiographic features of maxillary ameloblastoma (AM), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and dentigerous cyst (DC) comparatively by using spiral CT and cone beam CT (CBCT). Methods: Clinical records, histopathological reports, and nonenhanced spiral CT or CBCT images of 191 consecutive patients with primary maxillary AMs, OKCs, or DCs were retrospectively acquired, and radiographic features were analyzed. Results: The study included 118 males and 73 females (age: 5–84 years). 72.0% of AMs and 84.3% of OKCs originated from the posterior maxilla, while 69.6% of DCs occurred in the anterior maxilla. Among 25 AMs, 44.0% were of desmoplastic type, with honey-combed appearance. 84.0% of AMs were circular or oval in shape, 84.0% expanded buccally, and 36.0% invade the nasal floor. Among 89 OKCs of 88 patients, 61.8% were circular or oval, 58.4% expanded buccally, 49.4% were dentigerous, 41.6% nearly filled the maxillary sinus, and 13.5% invaded the nasal floor. 93.7% (74/79) of DCs enveloped a single tooth, and the tooth–cyst relationship was centripetal in 35, eccentric in 30, and circumferential in 9. Moreover, 98.2% (55/56) of the cysts enveloping a supernumerary tooth were DCs, while 80.9% (38/47) of the cysts enveloping the third molar were OKCs. Conclusions: Maxillary AMs tend to grow with buccal expansion and invade the nasal floor, and DAs with honey-combed lobularity are common. Maxillary OKCs have variant shapes and tend to invaginate the maxillary sinus. The tooth–cyst relationship of dentigerous OKCs and DCs can be centripetal, eccentric, or circumferential.
Representing antibiotic relationships using measurements of efficacy against clinical isolates
Authors: Shaw Liam 
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a worrying and confusing problem for both patients and medical professionals. Current antimicrobial nomenclature makes it difficult to understand how different antibiotics are related to one another, and their empirical uses and efficacy. Here, I attempt to address this problem by using experimental data from hundreds of thousands of clinical isolates to infer relationships between antibiotics and represent them with simple diagrams. Methods. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of a bacterial isolate for a given antibiotic is defined as the lowest concentration that prevents visible growth. Measuring MICs for multiple antibiotics using the same isolate implicitly records the relationships of the antibiotics for a given species. The basic principle is that antibiotics with similar activities have similar mechanisms of action. Therefore, they should produce similar resistances, so should have correlated MICs. This information can then be used to calculate distances between antibiotics based on pairwise correlations of their rank-ordered MICs. I apply this approach to a large historical AMR surveillance dataset (the Pfizer ATLAS surveillance dataset, 2004-2017). Results. I demonstrate that clustering antibiotics in this way allows a simple visual comparison of how similar antibiotics are to each other based on their efficacy within a species. The resulting visualizations broadly recapitulate antibiotic classes. They also clearly show the dramatic effects of combination therapies, as well as highlighting antibiotics which have unexpected correlations in MICs that are not predicted from their chemical similarities alone (i.e. suggesting co-occurring resistance mechanisms). Conclusion. Large AMR surveillance datasets can be used in a hypothesis-free manner to show relationships between antibiotics based on their real-world efficacy. The resulting 'data-driven' diagrams could be used as simple visual aids to explain the complexity of antibiotic relationships and AMR.
Achieving Royal Pharmaceutical Society competencies: a frailty nurse's perspective
Authors: Banks Joanna 
Published: May 2019

Frailty is related to the ageing process and describes how a person's inbuilt reserve struggles to withstand major changes in health, such as infection, a change to medication or a new environment. The British Geriatric Society (2014) approximate that around 10% of people over the age of 65 years have frailty rising to between a quarter to a half of those aged over 85 years. Patients who are deemed frail are often at risk of adverse outcomes; therefore, it is important to seek out these individuals and care for them appropriately. This includes carrying out regular medication reviews and deprescribing where necessary. This article will discuss prescribing for frail patients using the Royal Pharmaceutical Society's Competency Framework for all Prescribers.
Kesulitan “Weaning” pada Kasus Flail Chest Akibat Fraktur Sternum yang Tidak Teridentifikasi
Authors: Edwar Pesta Parulian Maurid , Airlangga Prananda Surya , Salinding Agustina , Semedi Bambang Pujo , Sylvaranto Teguh , Rahardjo Eddy 
Published: May 2019

Latar Belakang:Trauma toraks menyebabkan 20% dari semua kematian akibat trauma. Salah satu yang memiliki morbiditas dan mortalitas tinggi adalah flail chestdan fraktur sternum merupakan sebagian kecil dari penyebab flail chest. Mengingat kejadiannya yang sangat jarang maka fraktur sternum sering menjadi jebakan diagnostik yang terlupakan pada flail chest.Laporan Kasus:Terdapat 2 kasus yang dilaporkan dengan trauma toraks. Kasus pertama adalah multitrauma dengan Injury Severity Score(ISS) 50, trauma kepala, trauma abdomen dan trauma ekstremitas. Setelah dilakukan stabilisasi hemodinamik selama 3 hari, pasien sulit disapih dari ventilasi mekanik. Setelah tidak ditemukan lagi sumber perdarahan dan hemodinamik stabil pasien segera disiapkan operasi daruratdan ditemukan penyebabnya adalah fraktur sternum yang tidak teridentifikasi sebelumnya. Kasus kedua adalah trauma toraks dengan ISS 17, secara klinis tampak flail chestdan foto toraks antero-posterior yang normal. Setelah dilanjutkan CT scantoraks ditemukan fraktur sternum yang menyebabkan pernafasan tidak adekuat. Segera dilakukan fiksasi eksternal dan hasilnya memuaskan.Diskusi: Fraktur sternum seringkali disebabkan oleh mekanisme trauma toraks anterior yang berat dan dapat menimbulkan manifestasi flail chestsehingga dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas terlebih lagi bila disertai adanya trauma pada sistem organ lain serta penggunaan ventilator mekanik jangka panjang dan sepsis. Kejadian fraktur sternum sangat jarang dan foto toraks lateral pada kasus trauma juga jarang dilakukan sehingga seringkali fraktur sternum tidak teridentifikasi. Dengan mengetahui mekanisme trauma, gejala klinis yang tidak sesuai dengan gambaran foto toraks antero-posterior dan sulitnya penyapihan dari ventilasi mekanik maka penggunaan ultrasonografi untuk skrining diharapkan dapat membantu menghindari jebakan terlambatnya identifikasi fraktur sternum.Kesimpulan:Pada trauma toraks dengan adanya fail chest, diagnostik dini diikuti fiksasi eksternal akan mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas pada pasien fraktur sternum.
Influence of the p-hydroxyphenyl/guaiacyl ratio on the biphenyl and β-5 contents in compression wood lignins
Authors: Hirayama Haruka , Akiyama Takuya , Kimura Satoshi , Nawawi Deded S. , Syafii Wasrin , Yokoyama Tomoya , Matsumoto Yuji 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Reaction woods of three softwoods, Pinus merkusii, Cryptomeria japonica and Cedrus deodara, were investigated by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation (NBO) to characterize the condensed-type structures in compression wood lignins. A novel biphenyl-type NBO product carrying guaiacyl (G)- and p-hydroxyphenyl (H)-units, dehydrovanillin-p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HG-biphenyl product), was identified using the authentic standard compound. On the basis of the yield of this novel NBO product, as well as those of GG-biphenyl-, β-5-, and uncondensed-type products [e.g. dehydrodivanillin, 5-formylvanillin, vanillin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde], the compression wood lignins contained more HG-type biphenyl and H-type β-5 structures than the opposite wood lignins. The increase in the condensed-type structure content was largely offset by the decreases in the content of GG-biphenyl and G-type β-5 structures. Consequently, the relative yields of biphenyl, β-5 and uncondensed-type NBO products were very similar between the compression wood and the opposite wood, even though the H-unit having no methoxy group on its aromatic ring can be assumed to have a greater probability to form condensed-type structures during lignin biosynthesis than the G-unit.
M Mengajarkan Nilai Humanisme Dalam Sakubun
Authors: Prasetiani Dyah 
Published: May 2019

Universitas Negeri Semarang mencanangkan nilai karakter yang harus dikembangkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Salah satunya adalah nilai humanisme. Nilai karakter tersebut perlu dimasukkan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Dalam studi ini penulis mencoba untuk menginternalisasikan nilai humanisme ini dalam pembelajaran sakubun (menulis), karena melalui menulis, mahasiswa dapat menuangkan ide dan kreativitasnya. Diharapkan studi ini dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai pengajaran menulis (sakubun) yang bermuatan nilai humanis. Hasil yang diperoleh yakni sample dapat menulis sebuah karangan yang bertema humanisme, namun kegiatan latihan menulis ini masih perlu dikembangkan lagi dalam bentuk latihan menulis yang lebih sering. Agar mahasiswa terbiasa.

Kata kunci: sakubun, humanisme

Universitas Negeri Semarang proclaims character values ​​that must be developed in learning activities. One of them is the value of humanism. These character values ​​need to be included in learning activities. In this study, the author tries to internalize the value of humanism in sakubun learning (writing), because through writing, students can express their ideas and creativity. It is hoped that this study can provide an overview of teaching writing (sakubun) which contains humanist values. The results obtained that the sample can write an essay with theme of humanism quite well, but this writing exercise activity still needs to be developed in the form of more frequent writing exercises. So that students get used to it.

Keywords: sakubun, humanism
YAKUWARIGO DALAM WEBSITE PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE “ANIME/MANGA NO NIHONGO”
Authors: Afifah Muthi 
Published: May 2019

On this research, we analyse yakuwrigo on online learning that focus on one of the online learning called `anime/manga no Nihongo` or `Japanese in anime & manga`. This Japanese online learning is made by The Japan Foudnation as a support to the Japanese language education as a second language. Yakuwarigo or we called as language role is a language use in a virtual world for example in anime, drama, comics and others. This time we analyse yakuwarigo focused on online learning material with anime and manga. As a research method, we analyse the use of yakuwarigo and it`s relation between `character expression` and `expression by scene`. The result shows that the expression used in the introduction of character before was not match with the expression occurs in `expression by scene` in manga

Penelitian ini membahas tentang yakuwarigo dalam pembelajaran online yang berfokus kepada salah satu website pembelajaran online yang bernama “anime/manga no nihongo” atau “Japanese in Anime & Manga”. Website pembelajaran ini adalah website yang dibuat oleh The Japan Foundation sebagai support dalam pendidikan bahasa Jepang untuk pembelajar bahasa kedua. Yakuwarigo atau bisa dikatakan sebagai bahasa peran adalah bahasa yang terdapat dalam dunia virtual seperti anime, drama, komik dan lainnya. Kali ini penulis membahas tentang yakuwarigo di dalam pembelajaran online yang berfokus pada anime dan manga. Adapun metode penelitiannya adalah menganalisa bagaimana penggunaan yakuwarigo (ungkapan, kosakata, karakteristik karakter dll), dan bagaimana keterkaitan antara `character expression` dan `expression by scene. Hasil penelitianny adalah terdapat ketidak sesuaian antara `character expressions` yang diperkenalkan sebelumnya dengan karakter yang muncul dalam manga di `expressions by scene`. Ungkapan-ungkapan yang digunakan pada bagian perkenalan dengan ungkapan yang digunakan para karakter di dalam manga tidak sesuai.
© 2019 Universitas Negeri Semarang
Alteration of the intestinal flora may participate in the development of Graves’ disease: a study conducted among the Han population in southwest China
Authors: Yang Mengxue , Sun Bowen , Li Jianhui , Yang Bo , Xu Jie , Zhou Xue , Yu Jie , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Qun , Zhou Shan , Sun Xiaohua 
Published: May 2019

Objectives
The pathogenesis of Graves’ disease (GD) remains unclear. In terms of environmental factors, GD development may be associated with chronic inflammation caused by alteration of the intestinal flora. This study explored the association of intestinal flora alteration with the development of GD among the Han population in southwest China.

Design and methods
Fifteen GD patients at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College between March 2016 and March 2017 were randomly enrolled. Additionally, 15 sex- and age-matched healthy volunteers were selected as the control group during the same period. Fresh stool samples were collected, and bacterial 16S RNA was extracted and amplified for gene sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform. The sequencing results were subjected to operational taxonomic unit-based classification, classification verification, alpha diversity analysis, taxonomic composition analysis and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA).

Results
The diversity indices for the GD group were lower than those for the control group. The GD group showed significantly higher abundances of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacillus and a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio than the control group. PLS-DA suggested the satisfactory classification of the flora between the GD group and the control group. The abundances of the genera Oribacterium, Mogibacterium, Lactobacillus, Aggregatibacter and Mogibacterium were significantly higher in the GD group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The intestinal flora of GD patients was significantly different from that of the healthy population. Thus, alteration of intestinal flora may be associated with the development of GD.
The Mediating Effect of Human Capital on the Relationship Between Strategic Innovation and the Performance of Manufacturing SMEs in Yemen
Authors: AlQershi Nagwan , Abas Zakaria Bin , Mokhtar Sany Sanuri Mohd 
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this paper is to fill gaps in the human capital literature, first, by providing insights into the relationship between human capital and strategic innovation and the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), and second, by exploring the role of human capital as a mediating variable. Although SMEs perform a vital role in the economic development of countries worldwide, developing countries tend to lag behind developed countries in this sector; hence, there is a need to investigate the peculiar nature of SMEs and their performance in the context of developing countries. Additionally, understanding an organization’s human capital requires the articulation of a system of variables that helps to uncover and manage the visible wealth. The contribution of SMEs can be measured through performance. This study is a conceptual discussion of manufacturing SME performance in Yemen and the effect of human capital and strategic innovation. The performance is considered to be very low, and the country is ranked by the Global Innovation Index as one of the lowest in terms of innovation. This paper describes the development of a framework which is a clear manifestation of the knowledge gap addressed by this study.
Trends in Opioid Prescribing for Adolescents and Young Adults in Ambulatory Care Settings
Authors: Hudgins Joel D. , Porter John J. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Bourgeois Florence T. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
Adolescents and young adults are at high risk for opioid misuse after exposure from medical treatment. However, the epidemiology of opioid prescribing among outpatient adolescents and young adults remains poorly described. We aimed to characterize opioid prescribing in adolescents and young adults receiving care in emergency departments (EDs) and outpatient clinics.

METHODS:
We analyzed National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 2005 to 2015. We included visits to EDs and outpatient clinics for adolescents (13–17 years old) and young adults (18–22 years old). Rates of opioid prescribing were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and linear trends over time were examined with logistic regression models.

RESULTS:
Nearly 57 million visits (5.7%; 95% CI 5.4% to 6.0%) by adolescents and young adults were associated with an opioid prescription. The rate of opioid prescribing was 14.9% (95% CI 14.4% to 15.6%) for ED visits and 2.8% (95% CI 2.5% to 3.1%) for outpatient clinic visits. There was a small but significant decrease in the rate of opioid prescriptions among ED visits (odds ratio 0.96; 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98); no change was seen for outpatient clinic visits. Among ED visits, opioid-prescribing rates were highest among adolescents and young adults with dental disorders (59.7% and 57.9%, respectively), followed by adolescents with clavicle (47.0%) and ankle fractures (38.1%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Rates of opioid prescribing in EDs and outpatient clinics remain high for adolescents and young adults, especially for certain emergency conditions. These findings inform targeted educational campaigns aiming to ensure judicious use of opioids in this high-risk population.
Amplifying Outcomes: Checkpoint Inhibitor Combinations in First-Line Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Melosky Barbara , Juergens Rosalyn , Hirsh Vera , McLeod Deanna , Leighl Natasha , Tsao Ming-Sound , Card Paul B. , Chu Quincy 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPurposeLung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, resulting in approximately 1.8 million deaths worldwide. Immunotherapy using checkpoint inhibitors has become standard of care in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and there is increasing interest in further improving outcomes through combination with other therapeutics. This systematic review evaluates emerging phase III data on the efficacy and safety of checkpoint inhibitor combinations as first-line treatment for advanced NSCLC.Materials and MethodsPublished and presented literature was searched using the key search terms “non-small cell lung cancer” AND “checkpoint-inhibitors” (OR respective aliases) AND phase III trials. Seven randomized phase III clinical trials reporting outcomes on checkpoint inhibitor combinations in first-line advanced NSCLC were identified.ResultsFour first-line trials reported outcomes for checkpoint inhibitor combinations in nonsquamous NSCLC. Pembrolizumab-chemotherapy, atezolizumab-chemotherapy, and atezolizumab-bevacizumab-chemotherapy showed significantly improved overall survival compared with controls in patients with advanced nonsquamous epidermal growth factor receptor-negative (EGFR−)/ anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene (ALK)− NSCLC. Two trials reported outcomes for squamous NSCLC, with pembrolizumab-chemotherapy reporting significantly improved overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy. The combination of nivolumab-ipilimumab in all-comer histology failed to improve OS compared with histology appropriate chemotherapy in patients regardless of their tumor mutational burden status. Based on improved survival and safety, either pembrolizumab monotherapy or pembrolizumab-chemotherapy administered based on PD-L1 status and histology is a preferred treatment option. Outcomes for atezolizumab-bevacizumab-chemotherapy in EGFR+/ALK+ patients are promising and require further exploration.ConclusionFirst-line checkpoint inhibitors added to standard therapies improve overall survival for nonsquamous EGFR−/ALK− and squamous advanced NSCLC.
AVALIAÇÃO DAS CONDIÇÕES BUCAIS DE PACIENTES OBESOS
Authors: Santos Camila Farias , Dias Rosane Borges , Naves Roberta Catapano , Cavalcanti Andrea Nóbrega , Ribeiro Érica Del Peloso 
Published: May 2019

The prevalence of obesity has increased in recent decades, becoming a public health concern because this condition is a risk factor for the development of several systemic diseases. It can also be related to oral conditions such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Since obesity may influence the oral health of individuals, seeking to clarify the relationship between them is of great interest to health professionals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral conditions of obese individuals. The sample consisted of 30 obese non-smokers, systemically healthy, who had not received periodontal treatment within the last 6 months or used antibiotics and / or inflammatory in the last 3 months. The complete periodontal clinical examination, DMFT Index and Body Mass Index (BMI) were performed. The morning breath of the subjects was also made using the Halimeter®. Periodontitis was found in 80%, of the population,the mean DMFT was 14.73, the average visible plaque index, gingival index were 43.69% and 51, 87%, respectively. Given these results, it is clear the importance of dental professional should work as a promoter of health for the population studied.
PADRÃO DE OCLUSÃO EM PRÓTESE TOTAL: UM DILEMA DA REABILITAÇÃO ORAL
Authors: Frota Priscylla Lima , Bastos Poliana Lima , Gonçalves de Figueiredo Viviane Maria 
Published: May 2019

Choosing occlusion standards in dentures is a dilemma in oral rehabilitation, as it raises questions on which standard the dentist should use. This decision may influence the stability of the denture. Based on this problem, a literature review with articles published in the last five years, in search engines Pubmed.gov, Google Scholar and Scielo was performed. The keywords Prosthodontics, Occlusion and Edentulism were used. In this review, the articles on clinical trials and studies in silico, as well as relevant literature reviews were included. Although often the dentist may be resistant to use another type of occlusal pattern than balanced occlusion, it is important to emphasize advantages and disadvantages of occlusal arrangements in order to slow the residual ridge resorption and decrease muscle activity.
IMPLANTE UNITÁRIO ANTERIOR PROCEDIMENTOS DE ENXERTIA E PROVISIONALIZAÇÃO: RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Matsumoto Wilson , Hotta Takami Hirono , Antunes Rossana Pereira de Almeida , Reino Danilo Maeda 
Published: May 2019

The replacement of dental elements in the anterior region involves mainly aesthetic aspects. This paper reports a case of a lateral incisor tooth extraction with immediate implant installation, soft tissue grafting, biomaterial placement and provisionalization, in order to maintain the aesthetics. The immediate clinical results, after one week and after two years of using the final prosthesis were satisfactory from an aesthetic and functional viewpoint. It was concluded that it is important to carry out proper treatment planning for selecting and performing the clinical procedures necessary for a successful treatment.