bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Current Seedling Demographics Poised to Regenerate Northern US Forests?
Authors: Vickers Lance A , McWilliams William H , Knapp Benjamin O , D’Amato Anthony W , Dey Daniel C , Dickinson Yvette L , Kabrick John M , Kenefic Laura S , Kern Christel C , Larsen David R , Royo Alejandro A , Saunders Michael R , Shifley Stephen R , Westfall James A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSecuring desirable regeneration is essential to sustainable forest management, yet failures are common. Detailed seedling measurements from a forest inventory across 24 northern US states were examined for plausible regeneration outcomes following overstory removal. The examination included two fundamental regeneration objectives: 1) stand replacement- securing future forest and 2) species maintenance- securing upper canopy species. Almost half the plots lacked adequate seedlings to regenerate a stand after canopy removal and over half risked compositional shifts. Based on those advance reproduction demographics, regeneration difficulties could occur on two-thirds of the plots examined. The remaining one-third were regeneration-ready. However, compared to historical norms, increased small-tree mortality rates reduces that proportion. Not all forest types rely on advance reproduction and results varied among the forest types examined. Some variability was associated with browsing intensity, as areas of high deer browsing had a lower proportion of regeneration-ready plots.
Reoperative mitral valve replacement via right mini-thoracotomy with ventricular fibrillatory arrest for a patient with severely calcified aortic homograft
Authors: Kawamura Masashi , Finkbinder Patricia J , Morris Rohinton J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We successfully performed reoperative mitral valve replacement (MVR) for a patient with a previous extensive cardiac surgery that included aortic homograft replacement for aortic and mitral valve endocarditis complicated with aortic root abscess. The aortic homograft function was well preserved without aortic insufficiency, although the homograft was highly calcified. We used a right mini-thoracotomy approach and ventricular fibrillatory arrest to avoid an aortic cross-clamping. Only minimal dissection was needed to obtain enough exposure to perform the redo MVR. The reduction in invasiveness helped to prevent major injury during the surgery, shortened the cardiopulmonary bypass and operation time, and facilitated the patient’s recovery. Right mini-thoracotomy with ventricular fibrillatory arrest is a viable option for reoperative MVR in patients with previous sternotomy and unclampable aorta.
The making of a new 1000 km Vaca Muerta trunk gas transport pipeline to market destination points: Decree 465/19 and its bidding terms
Authors: Erize Luis A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article refers to the extraordinary circumstance of Argentina's holding the second largest shale gas resources in the world, at a time it has been proven that they can be rapidly exploited commercially. The sweeping changes brought by this change of paradigm for a country with declining conventional natural gas reserves in a gas dependent domestic economy require urgent infrastructure expansion to solve bottlenecks to reach domestic and international, markets, to be achieved only through stable market rules and a robust framework for a further trunk pipeline. The incoming bidding for such pipeline and its insertion in the current legal framework is described in detail, regardless of the fact that current government elections may defer the outcome, but not stop this essential infrastructure for the country's development.
Model-independent constraints on the hydrogen-ionizing emissivity at z &gt; 6
Authors: Mason Charlotte A , Naidu Rohan P , Tacchella Sandro , Leja Joel 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Modelling reionization often requires significant assumptions about the properties of ionizing sources. Here, we infer the total output of hydrogen-ionizing photons (the ionizing emissivity, $\dot{N}_\textrm {ion}$) at z = 4–14 from current reionization constraints, being maximally agnostic to the properties of ionizing sources. We use a Bayesian analysis to fit for a non-parametric form of $\dot{N}_\textrm {ion}$, allowing us to flexibly explore the entire prior volume. We infer a declining $\dot{N}_\textrm {ion}$ with redshift at z &gt; 6, which can be used as a benchmark for reionization models. Model-independent reionization constraints from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) optical depth and Ly α and Ly β forest dark pixel fraction produce $\dot{N}_\textrm {ion}$ evolution ($\mathrm{ d}\log _{10}\dot{\mathbf {N}}_{\bf ion}/\mathrm{ d}z|_{z=6\rightarrow 8} = -0.31\pm 0.35$ dex) consistent with the declining UV luminosity density of galaxies, assuming constant ionizing photon escape fraction and efficiency. Including measurements from Ly α damping of galaxies and quasars produces a more rapid decline: $\mathrm{ d}\log _{10}\dot{\mathbf {N}}_{\bf ion}/\mathrm{ d}z|_{z=6\rightarrow 8} =-0.44\pm 0.22$ dex, steeper than the declining galaxy luminosity density (if extrapolated beyond $M_\rm{\small UV}\gtrsim -13$), and constrains the mid-point of reionization to z = 6.93 ± 0.14.
First results from the TNG50 simulation: galactic outflows driven by supernovae and black hole feedback
Authors: Nelson Dylan , Pillepich Annalisa , Springel Volker , Pakmor Rüdiger , Weinberger Rainer , Genel Shy , Torrey Paul , Vogelsberger Mark , Marinacci Federico , Hernquist Lars 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We present the new TNG50 cosmological, magnetohydrodynamical simulation – the third and final volume of the IllustrisTNG project. This simulation occupies a unique combination of large volume and high resolution, with a 50 Mpc box sampled by 21603 gas cells (baryon mass of 8 × 104 M⊙). The median spatial resolution of star-forming interstellar medium gas is ∼100−140 pc. This resolution approaches or exceeds that of modern ‘zoom’ simulations of individual massive galaxies, while the volume contains ∼20 000 resolved galaxies with $M_\star \gtrsim 10^7$ M⊙. Herein we show first results from TNG50, focusing on galactic outflows driven by supernovae as well as supermassive black hole feedback. We find that the outflow mass loading is a non-monotonic function of galaxy stellar mass, turning over and rising rapidly above 1010.5 M⊙ due to the action of the central black hole (BH). The outflow velocity increases with stellar mass, and at fixed mass it is faster at higher redshift. The TNG model can produce high-velocity, multiphase outflows that include cool, dense components. These outflows reach speeds in excess of 3000 km s−1 out to 20 kpc with an ejective, BH-driven origin. Critically, we show how the relative simplicity of model inputs (and scalings) at the injection scale produces complex behaviour at galactic and halo scales. For example, despite isotropic wind launching, outflows exhibit natural collimation and an emergent bipolarity. Furthermore, galaxies above the star-forming main sequence drive faster outflows, although this correlation inverts at high mass with the onset of quenching, whereby low-luminosity, slowly accreting, massive BHs drive the strongest outflows.
An equatorial outflow in the black hole optical dipper Swift J1357.2−0933
Authors: Jiménez-Ibarra F , Muñoz-Darias T , Casares J , Armas Padilla M , Corral-Santana J M 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTWe present high time resolution optical spectroscopy and imaging of the black hole transient Swift J1357.2−0933 during its 2017 outburst. The light curves show recurrent dips resembling those discovered during the 2011 outburst. The dip properties (e.g. duration and depth) as well as the evolution of their recurrence time are similar to those seen in 2011. Spectra obtained during the dips are characterized by broad and blueshifted absorptions in Balmer and He ii. The absorptions show core velocities of ∼−800 km s−1 and terminal velocities approaching ∼3000 km s−1 i.e. in the upper end of wind velocities measured in other black hole transients (both at optical and X-ray wavelengths). Our observations suggest that the dips are formed in a dense and clumpy outflow, produced near the disc equatorial plane and seen at high inclination. We also study the colour evolution and observe that, as it has been previously reported, the source turns bluer during dips. We show that this is due to a gradual change in the slope of the optical continuum and discuss possible implications of this behaviour.
Integrated models incorporating radiologic and radiomic features predict meningioma grade, local failure, and overall survival
Authors: Morin Olivier , Chen William C , Nassiri Farshad , Susko Matthew , Magill Stephen T , Vasudevan Harish N , Wu Ashley , Vallières Martin , Gennatas Efstathios D , Valdes Gilmer , Pekmezci Melike , Alcaide-Leon Paula , Choudhury Abrar , Interian Yannet , Mortezavi Siavash , Turgutlu Kerem , Bush Nancy Ann Oberheim , Solberg Timothy D , Braunstein Steve E , Sneed Penny K , Perry Arie , Zadeh Gelareh , McDermott Michael W , Villanueva-Meyer Javier E , Raleigh David R 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated prognostic models based on clinical, radiologic, and radiomic feature to preoperatively identify meningiomas at risk for poor outcomes.MethodsRetrospective review was performed for 303 patients who underwent resection of 314 meningiomas (57% World Health Organization grade I, 35% grade II, and 8% grade III) at two independent institutions, which comprised primary and external datasets. For each patient in the primary dataset, 16 radiologic and 172 radiomic features were extracted from preoperative magnetic resonance images, and prognostic features for grade, local failure (LF) or overall survival (OS) were identified using the Kaplan–Meier method, log-rank tests and recursive partitioning analysis. Regressions and random forests were used to generate and test prognostic models, which were validated using the external dataset.ResultsMultivariate analysis revealed that apparent diffusion coefficient hypointensity (HR 5.56, 95% CI 2.01–16.7, P = .002) was associated with high grade meningioma, and low sphericity was associated both with increased LF (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5, P = .02) and worse OS (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.47–5.56, P = .002). Both radiologic and radiomic predictors of adverse meningioma outcomes were significantly associated with molecular markers of aggressive meningioma biology, such as somatic mutation burden, DNA methylation status, and FOXM1 expression. Integrated prognostic models combining clinical, radiologic, and radiomic features demonstrated improved accuracy for meningioma grade, LF, and OS (area under the curve 0.78, 0.75, and 0.78, respectively) compared to models based on clinical features alone.ConclusionsPreoperative radiologic and radiomic features such as apparent diffusion coefficient and sphericity can predict tumor grade, LF, and OS in patients with meningioma.
Metabolic Control within the Jasmonate Biochemical Pathway
Authors: Heitz Thierry , Smirnova Ekaterina , Marquis Valentin , Poirier Laure 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRegulation of defense and developmental responses by jasmonates (JAs) has been intensively investigated at genetic and transcriptional levels. Plasticity in the jasmonic acid (JA) metabolic pathway as a means to control signal output has received less attention. Although the amplitude of JA responses generally follows the accumulation dynamics of the active hormone jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile), emerging evidence has identified cases where this relationship is distorted and that we discuss in this review. JA-Ile is turned over in Arabidopsis by two inducible, intertwined catabolic pathways; one is oxidative and mediated by cytochrome P450 enzymes of the subfamily 94 (CYP94), and the other proceeds via deconjugation by amidohydrolases. Their genetic inactivation has profound effects on JAs homeostasis, including strong JA-Ile overaccumulation, but this correlates with enhanced defense and tolerance to microbial or insect attacks only in the absence of overinduction of negative signaling regulators. By contrast, the impairment of JA oxidation in the jasmonic acid oxidase 2 (jao2) mutant turns on constitutive defense responses without elevating JA-Ile levels in naive leaves and enhances resistance to subsequent biotic stress. This latter and other recent cases of JA signaling are associated with JA-Ile catabolites accumulation rather than more abundant hormone, reflecting increased metabolic flux through the pathway. Therefore, manipulating upstream and downstream JA-Ile homeostatic steps reveals distinct metabolic nodes controlling defense signaling output.
Cardiovascular complications and its relationship with functional outcomes in Guillain–Barré syndrome
Authors: Gupta S , Verma R , Sethi R , Garg R K , Malhotra H S , Sharma P K , Rizvi I , Uniyal R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is a monophasic disease characterized by acute polyradiculoneuropathy.

Aim
This study investigated cardiovascular complications in patients with GBS and their relationship with outcomes.

Design and methods
We included 96 patients, who were diagnosed with GBS according to Brighton case definitions. All enrolled patients were evaluated according to a predetermined algorithm, which included nerve conduction studies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electrocardiography, 2D echo, cardiac markers and autonomic function testing.

Results
We enrolled a total of 96 patients. The mean age of patients was 35.75 ± 17.66 years. Furthermore, 54.2% of patients developed cardiovascular complications, of which changes in electrocardiography (ECG) findings (50%), hypertension (28.12%), labile hypertension (12.5), tachycardia (26.04), bradycardia (13.54%) and a fluctuating heart rate (HR) (11.46) were common. Other cardiovascular complications seen in GBS patients were increased pro-BNP (26.04%), raised troponin T levels (3.12%), acute coronary syndrome (2.08%), heart failure (2.08%) and abnormal 2D echo findings (8.33%). The results of the univariate analysis revealed that a history of preceding infection, a Medical Research Council sum score, neck muscle weakness, facial nerve involvement, bulbar involvement, respiratory failure, cardiovascular complications, autonomic dysfunction, acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy subtype and baseline Hughes score were significantly (P < 0.005) associated with poor outcomes. However, none of these factors were found to be independently associated with poor outcomes in the multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
A considerable number of patients with GBS developed cardiovascular complications and it needs attention.
Training and delivery of a novel fatigue intervention: a qualitative study of rheumatology health-care professionals’ experiences
Authors: Dures Emma , Rooke Clive , Hammond Alison , Hewlett Sarah 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Successful, non-pharmacological research interventions are challenging to implement in clinical practice. The aim of the study was to understand the experiences of rheumatology nurses and occupational therapists (tutors) delivering a novel fatigue intervention in a trial setting, and their views on requirements for clinical implementation. After training, tutors delivered courses of a manualized group cognitive-behavioural intervention to patients with RA in a seven-centre randomized controlled trial [Reducing Arthritis Fatigue by clinical Teams using cognitive-behavioural approaches (RAFT)], which demonstrated reduced fatigue impact at 2 years.

Methods
Fourteen tutors participated in interviews, and eight tutors also participated in a focus group. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results
The following five main themes were identified: ‘exciting but daunting’ reflected the mixture of excitement and anxiety in intervention training and delivery; ‘skills practice and demonstrations were essential’ captured the value of learning and practising together, even though the process could be uncomfortable; ‘an individual approach to a standardized intervention’ showed how tutors negotiated adherence to the manual with delivery using their own words; ‘becoming a better practitioner’ described how participation enhanced tutors’ wider clinical practice; and ‘pragmatic and flexible’ highlighted practical adaptations to facilitate training and intervention roll out.

Conclusion
These insights inform strategies for clinical implementation of an evidence-based intervention that addresses a patient priority, with implications for other successful research interventions. Tutors believed that the skills acquired during RAFT enhanced their wider clinical practice, which highlights the benefits of upskilling members of clinical teams to provide self-management support to patients.
The Otiose Labour of William Darker: Some Light on Ambiguous Strokes in Fifteenth- to Sixteenth-Century English Manuscripts
Authors: Adair Anya 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An otiose stroke in scribal practice is a mark whose linguistic signification is obscure—yet such strokes abound as calligraphic additions to certain letters in English manuscripts of the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. This article seeks an explanation for the deployment of certain apparently otiose strokes, whose careful and persistent execution suggests a deliberate purpose in deployment. The vernacular production of the Carthusian scribe William Darker (working c.1481–1512) is chosen as an exemplum, and four common strokes in his work whose function is deemed ambiguous are examined in detail. Statistical and contextual analysis of the deployment of these strokes reveals semantic behaviours and patterns of use that suggest the marks had significant meaning for the scribe: though they do not necessarily function as abbreviations, they appear to bear linguistic meaning, and act with some consistency as signals of vowel length, pronunciation, and morphology. While these ‘otiose’ strokes remain resistant to full explication, the patterns here uncovered suggest a scribal intention to encode linguistic information via the conscious placement of calligraphic marks.
Chronic Hexavalent Chromium Exposure Induces Cancer Stem Cell-Like Property and Tumorigenesis by Increasing c-Myc Expression
Authors: Wang Zhishan , Lin Hsuan-Pei , Li Yunfei , Tao Hua , Yang Ping , Xie Jie , Maddy Drew , Kondo Kazuya , Yang Chengfeng 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is one of the most common environmental carcinogen causing lung cancer in humans; however, the mechanism of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis remains elusive. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as cancer initiating and maintaining cells. Ours and other recent studies showed that chronic Cr(VI) exposure induces CSC-like property representing an important mechanism of Cr(VI) carcinogenesis. However, how Cr(VI) exposure induces CSC-like property remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that stably knocking down the expression of c-Myc, a proto-oncogene and one of key stemness factors playing critical roles in cancer initiation and progression, in Cr(VI)-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells [BEAS-2B-Cr(VI)] significantly decreased their CSC-like property and tumorigenicity in mice. Moreover, stably knocking down c-Myc expression in parental nontransformed BEAS-2B cells significantly impaired the capability of chronic Cr(VI) exposure to induce CSC-like property and cell transformation. It was also found that stably overexpressing c-Myc alone in parental nontransformed BEAS-2B cells is capable of causing CSC-like property and cell transformation. Mechanistic studies showed that chronic Cr(VI) exposure increases c-Myc expression by down-regulating the level of microRNA-494 (miR-494). It was further determined that overexpressing miR-494 significantly reduces Cr(VI)-induced CSC-like property, cell transformation, and tumorigenesis mainly through down-regulating c-Myc expression. Together, these findings indicate that chronic low dose Cr(VI) exposure induces CSC-like property and tumorigenesis by increasing c-Myc expression through down-regulating the level of miR-494, revealing an important role of the proto-oncogene c-Myc in Cr(VI) carcinogenesis.
Hypothenar hammer syndrome
Authors: Finke-Fyffe Sarah , Regan Jeanne , Golan John 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Hypothenar hammer syndrome affects less than 1% of the population, but if the diagnosis is delayed, digital gangrene and critical ischemia can ensue. The condition is caused by injury to the ulnar artery at the level of the hook of hamate when the palm of the hand is repetitively used as a hammer. Injury includes segmental occlusion of the ulnar artery and aneurysmal formation with or without occlusion. Patients with hypothenar hammer syndrome often present with symptoms of secondary Raynaud syndrome; if Raynaud is unilateral, a vascular origin should be suspected and ruled out. Treatment options for hypothenar hammer syndrome include conservative treatment measures, fibrinolysis, or surgical resection and repair, and depend on the specific injury and timing of diagnosis.
Sports Specialization Is Not Associated With Greater Odds of Previous Injury in Elite Male Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Frome David , Rychlik Karen , Fokas Jennifer , Chiampas George , Jayanthi Neeru , LaBella Cynthia 
Published: August 2019

Objective:
To determine the relationship between sport specialization and previous injury in elite male youth soccer players.

Design:
Retrospective survey.

Setting:
U.S. Soccer Development Academy.

Participants:
Male youth soccer players (N = 2123).

Assessment of Risk Factors:
Sport specialization, weekly training volume, training ratio, and age.

Main Outcome Measures:
Previous sports-related injury, injury type (traumatic vs overuse), injury severity, and injury location.

Results:
Of 2099 participants (average age 13.2 ± 1.8 years), 61.7% were specialized in soccer (played soccer >8 mo/yr and no other sports) and 38.3% were nonspecialized (played soccer >8 mo/yr and also played other organized sports). Specialized athletes were older than nonspecialized athletes (13.7 ± 1.9 vs 12.5 ± 1.4, P < 0.0001). Thirty-three percent (690/2099) of athletes reported at least one previous sports-related injury for a total of 765 traumatic injuries and 25 overuse injuries. Distribution of injury type was similar for specialized and nonspecialized athletes. Among athletes with overuse injuries, nonspecialized athletes were more likely to report upper-extremity and trunk overuse injuries than specialized athletes. After accounting for age and weekly training volume, specialized athletes had decreased odds of reporting any previous injury compared with nonspecialized athletes [odds ratio (OR), 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.64-0.95], and similar odds of reporting a previous lower-extremity (LE) overuse injury as nonspecialized athletes (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56-1.1). However, specialized athletes missed more practices due to injury than nonspecialized players [median = 3, interquartile range (IQR) 2-4 vs median = 2, IQR 2-4, P = 0.0003].

Conclusions:
In this national sample of elite, male youth soccer players, after accounting for age and weekly training volume, specialized athletes had decreased odds of reporting any previous injury and similar odds of reporting a previous LE overuse injury as nonspecialized athletes. These data suggest the need for further research to determine whether injury risk related to sports specialization depends on sex, chosen sport, and skill/competitive level.