bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoproteins and cancer
Authors: Ren Liwen , Yi Jie , Li Wan , Zheng Xiangjin , Liu Jinyi , Wang Jinhua , Du Guanhua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe role of apolipoproteins in cardiovascular disease has been well investigated, but their participation in cancer has only been explored in a few published studies which showed a close link with certain kinds of cancer. In this review, we focused on the function of different kinds of apolipoproteins in cancers, autophagy, oxidative stress, and drug resistance. The potential application of apolipoproteins as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis was highlighted, together with an investigation of their potential as drug targets for cancer treatment. Many important roles of apolipoproteins and their mechanisms in cancers were reviewed in detail and future perspectives of apolipoprotein research were discussed.
Myosteatosis in a systemic inflammation‐dependent manner predicts favorable survival outcomes in locally advanced esophageal cancer
Authors: Gabiatti Camila T. B. , Martins Mariane C. L. , Miyazaki Daniela L. , Silva Leandro P. , Lascala Fabiana , Macedo Ligia T. , Mendes Maria Carolina Santos , Carvalheira José Barreto Campello 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIncreased adiposity and its attendant metabolic features as well as systemic inflammation have been associated with prognosis in locally advanced esophageal cancer (LAEC). However, whether myosteatosis and its combination with systemic inflammatory markers are associated with prognosis of esophageal cancer is unknown. Our study aimed to investigate the influence of myosteatosis and its association with systemic inflammation on progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in LAEC patients treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT). We retrospectively gathered information on 123 patients with LAEC submitted to dCRT at the University of Campinas Hospital. Computed tomography (CT) images at the level of L3 were analyzed to assess muscularity and adiposity. Systemic inflammation was mainly measured by calculating the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Median PFS for patients with myosteatosis (n = 72) was 11.0 months vs 4.0 months for patients without myosteatosis (n = 51) (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34‐0.83; P = .005). Myosteatosis was also independently associated with a favorable OS. Systemic inflammation (NLR > 2.8) was associated with a worse prognosis. The combination of myosteatosis with systemic inflammation revealed that the subgroup of patients with myosteatosis and without inflammation presented less than half the risk of disease progression (HR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.26‐0.85; P = .013) and death (HR: 0.39; 95% CI, 0.21‐0.72; P = .003) compared with patients with inflammation. This study demonstrated that myosteatosis without systemic inflammation was independently associated with favorable PFS and OS in LAEC patients treated with dCRT.
Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Cross‐Coupling of Oxime Esters and Sulfinates for Synthesis of Cyanoalkylated Sulfones
Authors: Zhou Xue‐Song , Cheng Ying , Chen Jun , Yu Xiao‐Ye , Xiao Wen‐Jing , Chen Jia‐Rong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSulfones and alkylnitriles play a significant role in both organic and medicinal chemistry, as versatile synthetic building blocks and privileged pharmacophores in many natural products and bioactive compounds. Herein, a room‐temperature, copper‐catalyzed radical cross‐coupling of redox‐active cycloketone oxime esters and sulfinate salts is described for the first time. Key to the success of this process involves catalytic generation of a cyclic iminyl radical and ensuing ring‐opening C−C bond cleavage. The resultant cyanoalkyl radical is then engaged in cross‐coupling with nucleophilic sulfinate to form cyanoalkylated sulfones.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ag@g−C3N4 and Its Photocatalytic Evolution in Visible Light Driven Synthesis Of Ynone
Authors: Patel Sunil B. , Vasava Dilip V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe primary aim of this work is to synthesize photocatalyst to promote the synthesis of ynones. In this context, we synthesized AgNPs@g−C3N4 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was characterized by using SEM, HR‐TEM, XRD, EDS, ICP‐AES, UV‐Vis DRS, XPS, PL and FT‐IR. From the results of characterization, it was transpired that the AgNPs anchored firmly on the carbon nitride sheet and the size of nanoparticles ranges between 2–6 nm. We utilized the photoactive nanocomposite for the synthesis of various substituted ynones under visible light irradiation. Excellent yields were generated for the various substituted ynones (74–84 %). Furthermore, we study the gram scale synthesis and achieved yield up to 78 %. Recyclability of the nanocomposite was also studied and found that the material was recyclable up to 4 times without any significant loss in its activity. We have used 80 W tungsten bulb (λ>420 nm) as the light source and GVL (gamma Valero lactone) as the solvent which proves the process much greener as compared to the conventional methods.
A Three‐Dimensional M3AB‐Type Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Antiperovskite Ferroelectric: [C3H7FN]3[SnCl6]Cl
Authors: Li Guo‐Ping , Lu Si‐Qi , Chen Xin , Liao Wei‐Qiang , Tang Yuan‐Yuan , Xiong Ren‐Gen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSince the first perovskite CaTiO3 was discovered in 1839, the development of perovskite has a history of 180 years. The emergence of solar cells (CH3NH3)PbI3 has set off the trend of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite (HOIP) materials. Since then, various HOIPs have sprung up and been widely used in various material devices. Among them, HOIP ferroelectrics have gained widespread attention. However, antiperovskite, as a twin brother of perovskite, has been neglected although it has similar structure with perovskite. Here, we successfully found that [C3H7FN]3[SnCl6]Cl has a three‐dimensional (3D) antiperovskite structure with the formula M3AB. Importantly, the compound exhibits obvious ferroelectric properties with an Aizu notation of 622F6 at 391 K. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first 3D hybrid organic–inorganic antiperovskite ferroelectric, which will greatly promote the development of antiperovskite families with more superior physical properties.
Periodicity in Structure, Bonding, and Reactivity for p‐Block Complexes of a Geometry Constraining Triamide Ligand
Authors: Marczenko Katherine M. , Zurakowski Joseph A. , Kindervater Marcus B. , Jee Samantha , Hynes Toren , Roberts Nicholas , Park Seoyeon , Werner‐Zwanziger Ulrike , Lumsden Michael , Langelaan David N. , Chitnis Saurabh S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe use of pincer ligands to access non‐VSEPR geometries at main‐group centers is an emerging strategy for eliciting new stoichiometric and catalytic reactivity. As part of this effort, several different tridentate trianionic substituents have to date been employed at a range of different central elements, providing a patchwork dataset that precludes rigorous structure–function correlation. An analysis of periodic trends in structure (solid, solution, and computation), bonding, and reactivity based on systematic variation of the central element (P, As, Sb, or Bi) with retention of a single tridentate triamide substituent is reported herein. In this homologous series, the central element can adopt either a bent or planar geometry. The tendency to adopt planar geometries increases descending the group with the phosphorus triamide (1) and its arsenic congener (2) exhibiting bent conformations, and the antimony (3) and bismuth (4) analogues exhibiting a predominantly planar structure in solution. This trend has been rationalized using an energy decomposition analysis. A rare phase‐dependent dynamic covalent dimerization was observed for 3 and the associated thermodynamic parameters were established quantitatively. Planar geometries were found to engender lower LUMO energies and smaller band gaps than bent ones, resulting in different reactivity patterns. These results provide a benchmark dataset to guide further research in this rapidly emerging area.
Chelation of metal ions with citric acid in the ammoniation process of wet‐process phosphoric acid
Authors: Xu Dejun , Wan Jiali , Xu Dehua , Luo Tao , Zhong Yanjun , Yang Xiushan , Yang Lin , Zhang Zhiye , Wang Xinlong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new process is proposed in which citric acid is added during the ammoniation process of wet‐process phosphoric acid (WPA) to chelate metal ions to produce fertilizer ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (MAP) containing medium trace elements. The parameters of the chelation reaction were studied systematically and the results show that the optimal reaction condition is pH 3.0, reaction time 60 minutes, temperature 50.0°C, and citric acid content 1.48%. The XRD patterns show that the water‐insoluble compounds are complex mixtures, and the composition of the water‐insoluble compounds are changed through the addition of citric acid. FTIR and XPS analyes further demonstrate that water‐insoluble compounds are complex mixtures. The XRD patterns of the MAP products indicate that the structure and morphology of the MAP were changed by the addition of citric acid. In addition, the contents of major elements, medium elements, and trace elements in the MAP product are 68.72%, 0.24%, and 0.50%, respectively, which is consistent with the relevant China national standard.
One‐ and Two‐Component Organogels Containing Cyanostilbene without any Auxiliary Substituents
Authors: Katla Jagadish , Shaik Althaf , Dahiwadkar Rahul , Thiruvenkatam Vijay , Kanvah Sriram 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPyridyl acrylonitrile without traditional auxiliary groups form stable organogels in ethanol. The addition of a second non‐gelating cyanostilbene component results in a more stable two‐component gel. Single crystal X‐ray data reveal the influence of C−H⋅ ⋅ ⋅N, C−H⋅ ⋅ ⋅π, and π–π interactions in the formation of organogels. The morphology of the xerogels was studied by using SEM, which showed the self‐assembly of molecules to fibers and sheet‐like structures, and phase differences upon the gel formation and the structural phase characterization was measured using powder XRD. Exposure of the organogels to acidic (TFA) vapors results in distinct color changes and loss of gelation properties, thus highlighting the potential of these gels in sensing. The results represent a rare example of two‐component organogels using two different cyanostilbene units and show that functional two‐component organogels can be formed by utilizing the synergistic effects of the individual components.
Pollinator specialization increases with a decrease in a mass‐flowering plant in networks inferred from DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Pornon André , Baksay Sandra , Escaravage Nathalie , Burrus Monique , Andalo Christophe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

How native mass‐flowering plants affect the specialization of insects at individual and species levels and the consequences for pollination networks have received much less attention than for mass‐flowering crops or alien species and basically remain unexplored.

Using existing DNA metabarcoding data on the pollen loads of 402 flower‐visiting insects, we assessed the effects of a native mass‐flowering plant of high reward quality, the shrub Rhododendron ferrugineum, on pollination networks by investigating: (a) the food niches of individual pollinators and pollinator species and (b) the structure of individual and species networks in subalpine heathland patches with extremely contrasted densities of R. ferrugineum.

Relative to its high abundance in high‐density patches, the shrub was greatly underrepresented and did not dominate individual's or species' generalized networks, rather individual and species specialization increased with a decrease in R. ferrugineum density. Furthermore, individuals of the more generalist dipteran Empididae species tended to extend exclusive interactions with rare plant species in low‐density networks. The same trend was observed in the more specialist Apidea but toward rare species in high‐density networks. Our results reveal a quite paradoxical view of pollination and a functional complementarity within networks. Niche and network indices mostly based on the occurrence of links showed that individual pollinators and pollinator species and networks were highly generalized, whereas indices of link strength revealed that species and above all individuals behave as quite strict specialists.

Synthesis. Our study provides insights into the status of a native mass‐flowering plant in individual's and insect species' food niches and pollination networks. It revealed that a generalist pollinator species can be highly specialized at the individual level and how rare plant species coexisting with mass‐flowering plants may nevertheless be visited.
Snails in the sun: Strategies of terrestrial gastropods to cope with hot and dry conditions
Authors: Schweizer Mona , Triebskorn Rita , Köhler Heinz‐R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTerrestrial gastropods do not only inhabit humid and cool environments but also habitat in which hot and dry conditions prevail. Snail species that are able to cope with such climatic conditions are thus expected to having developed multifaceted strategies and mechanisms to ensure their survival and reproduction under heat and desiccation stress. This review paper aims to provide an integrative overview of the numerous adaptation strategies terrestrial snails have evolved to persist in hot and dry environments as well as their mutual interconnections and feedbacks, but also to outline research gaps and questions that remained unanswered. We extracted relevant information from more than 140 publications in order to show how biochemical, cellular, physiological, morphological, ecological, thermodynamic, and evolutionary parameters contribute to provide an overall picture of this classical example in stress ecology. These mechanisms range from behavioral and metabolic adaptations, including estivation, to the induction of chaperones and antioxidant enzymes, mucocyte and digestive gland cell responses and the modification and frequency of morphological features, particularly shell pigmentation. In this context, thermodynamic constraints call for processes of complex adaptation at varying levels of biological organization that are mutually interwoven. We were able to assemble extensive, mostly narrowly focused information from the literature into a web of network parameters, showing that future work on this subject requires multicausal thinking to account for the complexity of relationships involved in snails' adaptation to insolation, heat, and drought.
The MIAmaxent R package: Variable transformation and model selection for species distribution models
Authors: Vollering Julien , Halvorsen Rune , Mazzoni Sabrina 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe widely used “Maxent” software for modeling species distributions from presence‐only data (Phillips et al., Ecological Modelling, 190, 2006, 231) tends to produce models with high‐predictive performance but low‐ecological interpretability, and implications of Maxent's statistical approach to variable transformation, model fitting, and model selection remain underappreciated. In particular, Maxent's approach to model selection through lasso regularization has been shown to give less parsimonious distribution models—that is, models which are more complex but not necessarily predictively better—than subset selection. In this paper, we introduce the MIAmaxent R package, which provides a statistical approach to modeling species distributions similar to Maxent's, but with subset selection instead of lasso regularization. The simpler models typically produced by subset selection are ecologically more interpretable, and making distribution models more grounded in ecological theory is a fundamental motivation for using MIAmaxent. To that end, the package executes variable transformation based on expected occurrence–environment relationships and contains tools for exploring data and interrogating models in light of knowledge of the modeled system. Additionally, MIAmaxent implements two different kinds of model fitting: maximum entropy fitting for presence‐only data and logistic regression (GLM) for presence–absence data. Unlike Maxent, MIAmaxent decouples variable transformation, model fitting, and model selection, which facilitates methodological comparisons and gives the modeler greater flexibility when choosing a statistical approach to a given distribution modeling problem.
The species diversity × fire severity relationship is hump‐shaped in semiarid yellow pine and mixed conifer forests
Authors: Richter Clark , Rejmánek Marcel , Miller Jesse E. D. , Welch Kevin R. , Weeks JonahMaria , Safford Hugh 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe combination of direct human influences and the effects of climate change are resulting in altered ecological disturbance regimes, and this is especially the case for wildfires. Many regions that historically experienced low–moderate severity fire regimes are seeing increased area burned at high severity as a result of interactions between high fuel loads and climate warming with a number of negative ecological effects. While ecosystem impacts of altered fire regimes have been examined in the literature, little is known of the effects of changing fire regimes on forest understory plant diversity even though understory taxa comprise the vast majority of forest plant species and play vital roles in overall ecosystem function. We examined understory plant diversity across gradients of wildfire severity in eight large wildfires in yellow pine and mixed conifer temperate forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We found a generally unimodal hump‐shaped relationship between local (alpha) plant diversity and fire severity. High‐severity burning resulted in lower local diversity as well as some homogenization of the flora at the regional scale. Fire severity class, post‐fire litter cover, and annual precipitation were the best predictors of understory species diversity. Our research suggests that increases in fire severity in systems historically characterized by low and moderate severity fire may lead to plant diversity losses. These findings indicate that global patterns of increasing fire size and severity may have important implications for biodiversity.
Predictive factors of high societal costs among chronic low back pain patients
Authors: Mutubuki Elizabeth N. , Luitjens Mariette A. , Maas Esther T. , Huygen Frank J. P. M. , Ostelo Raymond W. J. G. , van Tulder Maurits W. , van Dongen Johanna M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundSocietal costs of low back pain (LBP) are high, yet few studies have been performed to identify the predictive factors of high societal costs among chronic LBP patients. This study aimed to determine which factors predict high societal costs in patients with chronic LBP.MethodsData of 6,316 chronic LBP patients were used. In the main analysis, high societal costs were defined as patients in the top 10% of cost outcomes. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using patients in the top 5% and top 20% of societal costs. Potential predictive factors included patient expectations, demographic factors (e.g. age, gender, nationality), socio‐economic factors (e.g. employment, education level) and health‐related factors (e.g. body mass index [BMI], general health, mental health). The final prediction models were obtained using backward selection. The model's prognostic accuracy (Hosmer–Lemeshow X2, Nagelkerke's R2) and discriminative ability (area under the receiver operating curve [AUC]) were assessed, and the models were internally validated using bootstrapping.ResultsPoor physical health, high functional disability, low health‐related quality of life, high impact of pain experience, non‐Dutch nationality and decreasing pain were found to be predictive of high societal costs in all models, and were therefore considered robust. After internal validation, the models' fit was good, their explained variance was relatively low (≤14.1%) and their AUCs could be interpreted as moderate (≥0.71).ConclusionFuture studies should focus on understanding the mechanisms associated with the identified predictors for high societal costs in order to design effective cost reduction initiatives.SignificanceIdentifying low back pain patients who are at risk (risk stratification) of becoming high‐cost users and making appropriate initiatives could help in reducing high costs.
Evaluation of the Rhizosphere Contribution to the Environmental Fate of the Herbicide Prometryn
Authors: Hand Laurence H. , Gougoulias Christos , Bramke Irene , Thomas Kevin A. , Oliver Robin G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Plant protection products (PPPs) undergo rigorous regulatory assessment to ensure that they do not pose unacceptable risks to the environment. Elucidation of their fate and behavior in soil is an integral part of this environmental risk assessment. The active substance degradation in soil of PPPs is first assessed in laboratory studies (typically following Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] test guideline 307). Conditions in guideline laboratory studies are far removed from those occurring under agricultural use, and the contribution of crop roots has currently not been assessed. We integrated viable plant root systems, representative of 3 different crop types, into the OECD test guideline 307 design to assess their impact on the dissipation of the herbicide prometryn. Significantly faster decline of parent residue and higher formation of nonextractable residues were observed in all 3 planted systems. This led to a reduction in the time required for 50% of the compound to dissipate (DT50) of approximately one-half in the presence of rye grass and hot pepper and of approximately one-third in the presence of red clover. These findings imply that plants and their associated root networks can have a significant influence on PPP dissipation. Based on these data, greater environmental realism could be added to the standardized laboratory study design by the inclusion of plant root systems into higher tier studies, which, in turn, could serve to improve the environmental risk assessment process. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:450–457. © 2019 SETAC
Abstract
Investigation of the rhizosphere effect on prometryn dissipation, using a flow-through test system with a full mass balance. OECD 307 = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development test guideline 307 (2002).