bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CSR engagement and values in a pre-emerging and emerging country context
Authors: Munro Virginia , Arli Denni , Rundle-Thiele Sharyn 
Published: October 2018

PurposeInternationalization has witnessed rapid growth of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in emerging markets, requiring reflection on how to operate within these markets. The purpose of this paper is to assist MNEs to adapt to these markets, and adopt corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy with social initiatives (SIs), relevant to stakeholders, including their employees and the communities they reside in. The current paper does this by examining the relationships between employee identification with the organization’s SIs (SI-I) and their engagement in them (SI-E), alongside their perspective on the general importance of CSR (ICSR) and employee values to help with CSR (VCSR). The findings will better prepare managers in pre-emerging and emerging markets to design CSR strategy and SIs relevant to these markets and their communities.Design/methodology/approachGuided by social identity theory, this paper examines local employee identification of SI (SI-I) and engagement in SI (SI-E), in two MNE subsidiaries across varying emerging market levels in developing countries, utilizing a quantitative survey design. Structural equation modeling is utilized to analyze responses ofN=544 employees in two South East Asian countries, namely, Indonesia (as an emerging country) and Vietnam (as a pre-emerging country), to determine any differences that may exist between the two countries.FindingsThe findings reveal that SI identification (SI-I) has a strong effect on employee engagement in SIs (SI-E) and also the importance they attach to organizations conducting CSR (ICSR). However, employee values to help with CSR activities (VCSR) has an effect on Vietnamese employees but not Indonesian employees. Likewise, SI-I mediates the effect between ICSR and SI-E for Vietnamese employees but not for Indonesian, suggesting differences exist between these two developing countries where the less developed country, Vietnam, is defined as pre-emerging and Indonesia as an emerging market (MSCI, 2016).Practical implicationsAn awareness of the differences that may exist across employees in emerging markets will assist managers to design CSR strategy relevant to the level of market emergence of the host country, allowing for better CSR SIs identification and engagement in these countries.Originality/valueThe research model for this analysis utilizes constructs based on past Identification literature, while including new constructs for this study adapted from past literature, and underpinned uniquely by social identity theory in an International Business setting. The findings indicate differences between emerging and pre-emerging markets for particular constructs, which suggests the importance of considering the market level when implementing MNE CSR strategy. Limited research has been conducted examining the differences between emerging and pre-emerging markets, so further research is required to replicate these findings and provide insight into the differences that may exist for CSR SIs in emerging markets.
Do sovereign credit rating announcements influence excess bond and equity returns in Africa?
Authors: Mutize Misheck , Gossel Sean Joss 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine whether new sovereign credit rating (SCR) changes are valuable, and relevant information is provided to bond and equity markets in 30 African countries that received an SCR during the period 1994–2014.

Design/methodology/approach
This study applies a combination of GARCH models and event study techniques.

Findings
This study shows that the financial markets do not significantly react to SCR announcements, possibly because these African markets are already perceived to be risky.

Research limitations/implications
At last, a significant portion of Africa’s sovereign debt is held by foreign investors (Arslanalp and Tsuda, 2014) who commonly preclude asset managers from investing in low SCR grades. Thus, an unfavorable SCR announcement could lead to a withdrawal of these funds, which could significantly alter both fiscal and monetary policies in the economy.

Practical implications
SCRs is immaterial to investors holding African securities.

Social implications
Although financial markets are weakly responsive to SCR announcements, they appear to be informationally important in the operation of stocks and bond markets in Africa. Therefore, governments should appreciate the long-term information exchange between investors and borrowers, and the consequential nature of credit ratings in Africa’s nascent financial markets in order to proactively manage the risks of negative ratings.

Originality/value
Studies on credit rating effects on Africa markets are rare.
Impact of public intervention on micro and small enterprises performance in Ethiopia
Authors: Yonis Manex Bule , Woldehanna Tassew , Amha Wolday 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe effectiveness of any government interventions to support small firms is always a concern in achieving improvements in enterprise performances. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate thoroughly the impact of micro and small enterprises’ (MSEs’) support programs on core intermediate and final outcomes of interest.Design/methodology/approachThe impact evaluation employs a non-parametric matching procedure for parametric outcome analysis using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. Aiming at a doubly robust evaluation process, the study applies parametric analyses than non-parametric permutation-based tests to investigate the causal effects of the public intervention.FindingsThe study reveals that the public intervention encouraged MSEs to develop innovative business practices and improve their human capital development process. Moreover, the intervention had a positive effect in expanding employment opportunities in urban areas. Contrariwise, the study shows that support beneficiaries are not at an advantage in investment intensity. The lower level of investment intensity on fixed capital resulted inefficiency among the recipients. Moreover, the intervention did not have an effect on changing the net-asset over time for the recipients.Practical implicationsThis study implies that the support programs need to be dynamic and also targets on creating innovative high-growth MSEs.Originality/valueThis paper is fairly original and provides policy makers and MSE promoters/facilitators evidence-based information on the effectiveness of the support services, with looking at firm-level analysis.
Halal products consumption in international chain restaurants among global Moslem consumers
Authors: Asnawi Nur , Sukoco Badri Munir , Fanani Muhammad Asnan 
Published: October 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of global Moslem consumers on consuming halal products in international chain restaurants. The hypotheses are proposed based on the integration of theory of planned behavior (TPB) and identity theory–religiosity.Design/methodology/approachThe survey method was used to test the proposed hypotheses by using PLS. A total of 296 out of 407 questionnaires were collected among global Moslem students in a big city of Indonesia.FindingsThe results indicate that perceived behavioral control and religiosity is the significant predictor of the intention to consume halal products in international chain restaurants. Surprisingly, attitudes toward halal products and subjective norms have no significant effects on their intention.Research limitations/implicationsThis study mainly investigates from international students’ perspectives, and future studies could diversify the respondents. Further, although the studies were done in the biggest Moslem populated country, conducting a multi-country study further validates the results of this study. Additional variables, such as personality or cross-cultural variables, could enhance the prediction of the developed model.Originality/valueThis study proposes religiosity as an important predictor of halal products consumption among global consumers, which increases the predictive capability of TPB. The results suggest that it is important for managers and governments all products targeted for global Moslem consumers to be halal certified.
The father’s role in supporting the son’s business knowledge development process in Vietnamese family businesses
Authors: Pham Thanh Trung , Bell Robin , Newton David 
Published: October 2018

PurposeMany family businesses do not survive into the second generation. A common reason put forward for this is poor succession planning for the second generation. This paper is designed with the aim to explore the role of the father in supporting the son’s business knowledge and development in Vietnamese family businesses.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopted an inductive qualitative approach using multiple face-to-face semi-structured interviews with five father–son succession pairs. The interview participants were a cross section of Vietnamese family businesses, where the father–son pair was involved in the process of business knowledge transfer and the succession process was at an advanced stage.FindingsThe results suggest that the father plays different roles at different stages of the son’s business knowledge development process. In particular, the father acts as an example during the son’s childhood; a supporter to encourage the son to gain more business knowledge from both formal education and working experience outside the family business; a mentor and trouble-shooter after the son joins the family business as a full-time employee; and as an advisor after the son becomes the leader of the firm.Originality/valueMost Vietnamese family businesses are still operating under the control of the first generation, and as a result, research into the succession process in Vietnam can help to provide valuable insights. Furthermore, existing research into the role of the predecessor in the whole process from the successor’s childhood until the end of the succession process is ambiguous and requires further research to clarify this research gap.
Optimal bank interest margin under capital regulation: bank as a liquidity provider
Authors: Huang Fu-Wei , Chen Shi , Tsai Jeng-Yan 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a barrier cap option model, i.e. a cap option model where default can occur at any time before the maturity date, to evaluate the equity and the default risk of a bank. The model implies the bank as a liquidity provider that one institution carriers out both lending and deposit-taking functions under the same roof. This paper studies the impacts of demand deposits and capital regulation on the optimal bank interest margin, i.e. the spread between the loan rate and the deposit rate.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper characterizes the bank’s equity value by a barrier cap option framework. In the model, default can occur at any time before the maturity and loan markets are imperfectly competitive.

Findings
This paper has two main results. First, increases in demand deposits reduce the bank’s interest margin and further increase the bank’s default risk. The negative effect on the optimal bank interest margin which ignores the barrier leads to significant overestimation; the positive effect on the default risk which ignores the barrier leads to underestimation. Second, the same pattern of capital regulation as previously applies. Capital regulation as such makes the bank more prone to loan risk-taking, thereby adversely affecting the stability of banking system.

Originality/value
This paper reintroduces the knock-out value and bank interest margin determination within a synergy banking function to the cap option model. The results confirm the need to model bank equity as a barrier cap option and demonstrate its usefulness in capital regulation.
Why are plant–soil feedbacks so unpredictable, and what to do about it?
Authors: De Long Jonathan R. , Fry Ellen L. , Veen G. F. , Kardol Paul 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The study of feedbacks between plants and soils (plant–soil feedbacks; PSFs) is receiving increased attention. However, PSFs have been mostly studied in isolation of abiotic and biotic drivers that could affect their strength and direction. This is problematic because it has led to limited predictive power of PSFs in “the real world,” leaving large knowledge gaps in our ability to predict how PSFs contribute to ecosystem processes and functions.
Here, we present a synthetic framework to elucidate how abiotic and biotic drivers affect PSFs. We focus on two key abiotic drivers (temperature and soil moisture) and two key biotic drivers (above‐ground plant consumers and below‐ground top‐down control of pathogens and mutualists). We focus on these factors because they are known drivers of plants and soil organisms and the ecosystem processes they control, and hence would be expected to strongly influence PSFs.
Our framework describes the proposed mechanisms behind these drivers and explores their effects on PSFs. We demonstrate the impacts of these drivers using the fast‐ to slow‐growing plant economics spectrum. We use this well‐established paradigm because plants on opposite ends of this spectrum differ in their relationships with soil biota and have developed contrasting strategies to cope with abiotic and biotic environmental conditions.
Finally, we present suggestions for improved experimental designs and scientific inference that will capture and elucidate the influence of above‐ and belowground drivers on PSFs. By establishing the role of abiotic and biotic drivers of PSFs, we will be able to make more robust predictions of how PSFs impact on ecosystem function.
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Supporting preterm cardiovascular function
Authors: Lingwood Barbara E. , Eiby Yvonne A. , Bjorkman Stella T. , Miller Stephanie M. , Wright Ian M. R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPreterm infants are at higher risk of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Inadequate cerebral oxygen delivery resulting from poor cardiovascular function is likely to be a significant contributor to preterm brain injury. In this context, improved support of cardiovascular function is integral to improving preterm outcomes. Many of the treatments used to support preterm cardiovascular function are based on adult physiology and may not be appropriate for the unique physiology of the preterm infant. The preterm heart is structurally immature with reduced contractility and low cardiac output. However, there is limited evidence that inotropic support with dopamine and/or dobutamine is effective in preterm babies. Hypovolemia may also contribute to poor preterm cardiovascular function; there is evidence that capillary leakage results in considerable loss of plasma from the circulation of newborn preterm babies. In addition, the vasoconstrictor response to acute stimuli does not develop until quite late in gestation and is limited in the preterm infant. This may lead to inappropriate vasodilatation adding to functional hypovolemia. The first line treatment for hypotension in preterm infants is volume expansion with crystalloid solutions, but this has limited efficacy in the preterm infant. More effective methods of volume expansion are required. Effective support of preterm cardiovascular function requires better understanding of preterm cardiovascular physiology so that treatments can target mechanisms that are sufficiently mature to respond.
NF‐κB activation mediates LPS‐or zymosan‐induced hypotension and inflammation reversed by BAY61‐3606, a selective Syk inhibitor, in rat models of septic and non‐septic shock
Authors: Sahan‐Firat Seyhan , Temiz‐Resitoglu Meryem , Guden Demet Sinem , Senol Sefika Pinar , Sari Ayse Nihal , Cil Meltem , Unsal Demet , Korkmaz Belma , Tunctan Bahar , Malik Kafait U. , Buharalioglu Cuneyt Kemal 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWe have previously demonstrated that the activation of the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)/inhibitory‐κB (IκB)‐α/nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 signalling pathway contributes to hypotension and inflammatory response in a rat models of zymosan (ZYM)‐induced non‐septic shock. The purpose of this study was to further examine the possible mechanism underlying the effect of inhibition of Syk by BAY61‐3606 via NF‐κB activity at the level of nuclear translocation regarding the production of vasodilator and proinflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (septic)‐ and ZYM (non‐septic)‐induced shock. Administration of LPS (10 mg/kg, ip) or ZYM (500 mg/kg, ip) to male Wistar rats decreased mean arterial pressure and increased heart rate that was associated with an increase in the activities of cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide synthase, tumour necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐8 levels, and NF‐κB activation and nuclear translocation in sera and/or cardiovascular and renal tissues. BAY61‐3606 (3 mg/kg, ip), the selective Syk inhibitor, given 1 hour after LPS‐ or ZYM injection reversed all the above‐mentioned effects. These results suggest that Syk contributes to the LPS‐ or ZYM‐induced hypotension and inflammation associated with transactivation of NF‐κB in septic and non‐septic shock.
Multicenter analysis of the efficacy and safety of a non‐standard immunosuppressive therapy with rituximab in children with steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Zachwieja Jacek , Silska‐Dittmar Magdalena , Żurowska Aleksandra , Drożyńska‐Duklas Magdalena , Hyla‐Klekot Lidia , Kucharska Grażyna , Stankiewicz Roman , Olszak‐Szot Ilona , Drożdż Dorota , Moczulska Anna , Zwolińska Danuta , Medyńska Anna , Sikora Przemysław , Bieniaś Beata , Tkaczyk Marcin , Rogowska‐Kalisz Anna , Ostalska‐Nowicka Danuta 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe aim of the study was a multicenter analysis of the efficacy and safety of a non‐standard immunosuppressive therapy with rituximab (Rtx) in children with steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) with particular emphasis on the possibility of permanent discontinuation or dose reduction of other immunosuppressive drugs such as glucocorticoids and cyclosporine A after 6 months of observation. The study group consisted of 30 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, who were unresponsive to standard immunosuppressive treatment, and hospitalized in the years 2010–2017 in eight paediatric nephrology centres in Poland. The children were administered a single initial infusion of rituximab at the dose of 375 mg/m2 of the body surface area. Proteinuria, the daily supply of glucocorticoids, and cyclosporine were assessed at the moment of the start of the treatment and after 6 months since its commencement. Before Rtx therapy, complete remission was found in 13 patients (43%) and partial remission was found in 8 patients (26%). These numbers increased to 16 (53%) and 12 (40%), respectively. At the start of the treatment 23 patients (76.6%) were treated with cyclosporine A. After 6 months, this number decreased to 15 patients (35%). At the start of the treatment, 18 patients (60%) were treated with prednisone. After 6 months, this number decreased to 8 patients (44%). Children with SRNS may potentially benefit from Rtx treatment despite relative risk of side effects. The benefits may include reduction of proteinuria or reduction of other immunosuppressants.
Brexit: Re‐opening Ireland's ‘English Question’
Authors: Laffan Brigid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe outcome of the UK referendum of June 2016 on the question of EU membership had and will continue to have a profound impact on Ireland, its membership of the EU and on British‐Irish relations, given the UK's choice of exit over voice. This paper analyses Brexit from the perspective of the island of Ireland. It adopts three analytic lenses: first, Brexit is analysed from a domestic Irish perspective; second, the negotiations between the EU and the UK and Ireland's position in these negotiations is analysed from a dynamic temporal perspective; third, the paper focuses on the all island dimension of Brexit and its implications for the Irish border. The Irish border will continue to play a pivotal role in the Brexit negotiations and will remain an unsettled issue long after the UK's exit.
Global inequities in dietary calcium intake during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cormick G , Betrán AP , Romero IB , Lombardo CF , Gülmezoglu AM , Ciapponi A , Belizán JM 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundEvidence shows that adequate calcium intake during pregnancy reduces the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. In most low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) the daily calcium intake is well below recommendations. Mapping calcium intake during pregnancy worldwide and identifying populations with low calcium intake will provide the evidence base for more targeted actions to improve calcium intake.ObjectiveTo assess dietary calcium intake during pregnancy worldwide.Search strategyMEDLINE and EMBASE (from July 2004 to November 2017).Selection criteriaCross‐sectional, cohort, and intervention studies reporting calcium intake during pregnancy.Data collection and analysisFive reviewers working in pairs independently performed screening, extraction, and quality assessment. We reported summary measures of calcium intake and calculated the weighted arithmetic mean for high‐income countries (HICs) and LMICs independently, and for geographic regions, among studies reporting country of recruitment, mean intake, and total number of participants. When available, inadequate intakes were reported.Main resultsFrom 1880 citations 105 works met the inclusion criteria, providing data for 73 958 women in 37 countries. The mean calcium intake was 948.3 mg/day (95% CI 872.1–1024.4 mg/day) for HICs and 647.6 mg/day (95% CI 568.7–726.5 mg/day) for LMICs. Calcium intakes below 800 mg/day were reported in five (29%) countries from HICs and in 14 (82%) countries from LMICs.ConclusionThese results are consistent with a lack of improvement in calcium dietary intake during pregnancy and confirm the gap between HICs and LMICs, with alarmingly low intakes recorded for pregnant women in LMICs. From the public health perspective, in the absence of specific local data, calcium supplementation of pregnant women in these countries should be universal.Tweetable abstractDespite dietary recommendations, women in LMICs face pregnancy with diets low in calcium.
An evaluation of empathic tendencies of dietitians working in Ankara
Authors: Yildiz Ayşin , Ercan Aydan , Müftüoğlu Selen 
Published: October 2018

AimThis study was carried out to determine the level of empathic tendencies of dietitians working in Ankara, Turkey.MethodsThe study was conducted between February and June 2016 on 175 dietitians aged between 20 and 60 who worked in Ankara, Turkey and volunteered to participate in the study. The Empathic Tendency Scale (ETS) and the Empathic Skill Scale (ESS) were used as data collection tools in the study.ResultsThe median of ETS scores of male dietitians was found to be lower than that of female dietitians (P < 0.05). The differences between the median values of ETS and ESS were determined to be statistically significant in terms of the age groups and the 20–24 age range was found to be the age group with the lowest ETS and ESS (P < 0.05). In this study, it was found that the ETS and ESS median scores of married dietitians were higher, those of the dietitians with no children were lower, and that the ETS median score of the dietitians who had higher level of education was higher (P < 0.05). A positive relationship was found between the working environment satisfaction of the dietitians and empathic behaviours variable (r = 0.133, P = 0.008).ConclusionsThe empathic skill of the healthcare staff is an important part of the relationship that they establish with patients. When this is assessed from a nutritional point of view, dietitians need to be able to use communication skills effectively, especially empathy, in order to increase the effectiveness of nutrition education they provide.