bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence of spreading vasodilation in the human gingiva evoked by nitric oxide
Authors: Gánti Bernadett , Molnár Eszter , Fazekas Réka , Mikecs Barbara , Lohinai Zsolt , Mikó Sándor , Vág János 
Published: March 2019

Background and ObjectiveSpreading vasodilation is an important means of increasing local blood flow effectively during increased metabolic demands or in case of vascular injury. Our aim was to develop a technique proving the presence of spreading vasodilation in the human keratinized gingiva.MethodsLocal vasodilation was evoked by the application of nitric oxide (NO) donor nitroglycerin into a well, fixed 2 mm above the marginal gingiva, in 20 subjects with healthy periodontal tissue. Either 1 or 8 mg/mL nitroglycerin solutions were dropped into the test well at the upper right second incisor, and saline was applied into the control well at the upper left first incisor. The gingival blood flow (GBF) was recorded for 15 minutes by a laser speckle contrast imager below the well and in the surrounding area in the mesial, distal, apical and coronal directions. Gingival thickness was measured by an ultrasonic biometer.ResultsPeak GBF increase was similar after 1 mg/mL and after 8 mg/mL nitroglycerin application in the well (51% ± 12% vs 42% ± 8%) and in the apical region (33 ± 9% vs 55% ± 13%). While the lower dose of nitroglycerin increased GBF only in the apical region around the well, the higher dose induced significant elevations in all surrounding regions, with apical prominence. Hyperaemia lasted 10‐14 minutes in the low‐dose group whereas it extended beyond the observation period in the high‐dose group. Neither the baseline nor the NO‐induced peak GBF were correlated with gingival thickness.ConclusionThe role of the direct effect of NO in the regulation of perfusion was demonstrated in the human gingiva as well as the propagation of local vasodilation to distant, especially apical areas, probably by the mechanism of flow‐mediated dilation. This mechanism may have a clinical importance for flap survival or wound healing.
Characterization of the circulating microbiome in acute‐on‐chronic liver failure associated with hepatitis B
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhao Ruihong , Shi Ding , Sun Shanshan , Ren Haotang , Zhao Hong , Wu Wei , Jin Linfeng , Sheng Jifang , Shi Yu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundPatients with hepatitis B‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (HB‐ACLF) may have an increased circulating microbial burden. This study aimed to assess circulating microbial load and composition and to explore the association between the circulating microbiome and both systemic inflammation (SI) and clinical outcome in HB‐ACLF.MethodsPlasma from 50 HB‐ACLF patients, 23 healthy controls and 25 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis (C‐LC) was analysed for chemokines/cytokines and bacterial DNA and further analysed by 16S rDNApyrosequencing. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and inferred metagenomics analyses were performed.ResultsThe circulating bacterial DNA was significantly increased in HB‐ACLF patients compared to that in the control groups. The overall microbial diversity was significantly decreased in HB‐ACLF patients. HB‐ACLF patients were enriched with Moraxellaceae, Sulfurovum, Comamonas and Burkholderiaceae but were depleted in Actinobacteria, Deinococcus‐Thermus, Alphaproteobacteria, Xanthomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae compared to controls. Network analysis revealed a direct positive correlation between Burkholderiaceae and chemokine IP‐10 in HB‐ACLF patients. The relative abundance of Prevotellaceae independently predicted 28‐day mortality. Inferred functional metagenomics predicted an enrichment of bacteria with genes related to methane, alanine, aspartate, glutamate, pyrimidine, purine and energy metabolism.ConclusionsHB‐ACLF patients display increased circulating microbial burden, altered microbiome composition and a shift in microbiome functionality. The alteration in circulating microbiota is associated with SI and clinical outcome in HB‐ACLF.
Genomic changes underlying host specialization in the bee gut symbiont Lactobacillus Firm5
Authors: Ellegaard Kirsten M. , Brochet Silvia , Bonilla‐Rosso German , Emery Olivier , Glover Natasha , Hadadi Noushin , Jaron Kamil S. , van der Meer Jan R. , Robinson‐Rechavi Marc , Sentchilo Vladimir , Tagini Florian ,   SAGE class 2016-17, Engel Philipp 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBacteria that engage in long‐standing associations with particular hosts are expected to evolve host‐specific adaptations that limit their capacity to thrive in other environments. Consistent with this, many gut symbionts seem to have a limited host range, based on community profiling and phylogenomics. However, few studies have experimentally investigated host specialization of gut symbionts and the underlying mechanisms have largely remained elusive. Here, we studied host specialization of a dominant gut symbiont of social bees, Lactobacillus Firm5. We show that Firm5 strains isolated from honey bees and bumble bees separate into deep‐branching host‐specific phylogenetic lineages. Despite their divergent evolution, colonization experiments show that bumble bee strains are capable of colonizing the honey bee gut. However, they were less successful than honey bee strains, and competition with honey bee strains completely abolished their colonization. In contrast, honey bee strains of divergent phylogenetic lineages were able to coexist within individual bees. This suggests that both host selection and interbacterial competition play important roles in host specialization. Using comparative genomics of 27 Firm5 isolates, we found that the genomes of honey bee strains harbour more carbohydrate‐related functions than bumble bee strains, possibly providing a competitive advantage in the honey bee gut. Remarkably, most of the genes encoding carbohydrate‐related functions were not conserved among the honey bee strains, which suggests that honey bees can support a metabolically more diverse community of Firm5 strains than bumble bees. These findings advance our understanding of the genomic changes underlying host specialization.
Tornando Indietro: Dante's Tornata and Metapoetic Returns in the Trecento Madrigal
Authors: LOPATIN MIKHAIL 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTDante's explanation of the final part of the canzone, which he calls ‘tornata’ (Convivio, II, xi, paras. 2–3), as a formal return that includes metrical and musical components casts fresh light on the poetic motive of return used in some of those tornatas and reveals a potential for metapoetic links between metrics and poetry. This article extrapolates this metapoetic reading of the word tornata to the ‘ritornello’ of the trecento madrigal and shows how poets and musicians emphasized the return in the madrigal (meta)poetically and musically. Poetically, the topos of return normally occupies centre stage in the ritornello's narrative, for it responds to the earlier impetus for wandering in the preceding strophic section and ends the amorous exile created by this wandering. The centrality of poetic return helps compensate, at least partly, for the lack of return in terms of verse structure and rhyme pattern. In three case studies, I show how text and music act symbiotically – either concordantly or in an ironically discordant manner – to close the song with an expressive structural and semantic gesture. This formal articulation that occurs on at least three different levels – metrical, poetic and musical – sheds new light on a complicated issue of musico‐textual (or, rather, musico‐metatextual) relationships in the trecento. Viewed through a metapoetic lens, the resulting relationships show that trecento musical settings do not passively sonify and ornament the body of the poem, as is sometimes implied, but generate further layers of meaning that both the practitioners of this musico‐poetic culture and their audience could well have appreciated throughout the trecento.
That is life: communicating RNA networks from viruses and cells in continuous interaction
Authors: Villarreal Luis P. , Witzany Guenther 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAll the conserved detailed results of evolution stored in DNA must be read, transcribed, and translated via an RNA‐mediated process. This is required for the development and growth of each individual cell. Thus, all known living organisms fundamentally depend on these RNA‐mediated processes. In most cases, they are interconnected with other RNAs and their associated protein complexes and function in a strictly coordinated hierarchy of temporal and spatial steps (i.e., an RNA network). Clearly, all cellular life as we know it could not function without these key agents of DNA replication, namely rRNA, tRNA, and mRNA. Thus, any definition of life that lacks RNA functions and their networks misses an essential requirement for RNA agents that inherently regulate and coordinate (communicate to) cells, tissues, organs, and organisms. The precellular evolution of RNAs occurred at the core of the emergence of cellular life and the question remained of how both precellular and cellular levels are interconnected historically and functionally. RNA networks and RNA communication can interconnect these levels. With the reemergence of virology in evolution, it became clear that communicating viruses and subviral infectious genetic parasites are bridging these two levels by invading, integrating, coadapting, exapting, and recombining constituent parts in host genomes for cellular requirements in gene regulation and coordination aims. Therefore, a 21st century understanding of life is of an inherently social process based on communicating RNA networks, in which viruses and cells continuously interact.
An update of knowledge on PD‐L1 in head and neck cancers: Physiologic, prognostic and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Lenouvel Daniel , González‐Moles Miguel Ángel , Talbaoui Asmae , Ramos‐García Pablo , González‐Ruiz Lucía , Ruiz‐Ávila Isabel , Gil‐Montoya José Antonio 
Published: March 2019

AbstractProgrammed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is a transmembrane protein that acts as a co‐inhibitory factor in the immune response. Its receptor, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1), is found on immune cells, where binding to PD‐L1 can reduce the proliferation of PD‐1‐positive cells, inhibit their cytokine secretion and induce apoptosis. PD‐L1 in immune‐privileged tissue plays a crucial role in peripheral tolerance. PD‐L1 can be overexpressed in various malignancies, including oral squamous cell carcinoma, where it can attenuate the host immune response to tumour cells and has been associated with a worse prognosis. Monoclonal antibody therapies targeting the PD‐1:PD‐L1 axis have shown initial promise, but further research is needed to identify which patients will benefit. We provide an update of knowledge on PD‐L1, including its structure, function and regulation. We also review studies on the overexpression of PD‐L1 in cancer, specifically oral squamous cell carcinoma, and explore its potential value as a therapeutic target.
A case of woolly hair nevus, multiple linear pigmentation, and epidermal nevi with somatic HRAS p.G12S mutation
Authors: Nishihara Katsuhiko , Tohyama Mikiko , Kubo Akiharu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWoolly hair nevus is a rare syndrome that presents as woolly hair in restricted areas of the scalp and may be associated with pigmented macules or epidermal nevus on the body. Here, we report a case of woolly hair nevus, linear pigmentation, and multiple epidermal nevi with a somatic HRAS c.34G>A(p.G12S) mutation.
Right atrial function in pediatric heart transplant patients by echocardiographic strain measurements
Authors: Watanabe Kae , Schäfer Michal , Cassidy Courtney , Miyamoto Shelley D. , Jone Pei‐Ni 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundCAV is a major cause of mortality in PHTx patients. Research on echocardiographic indices to detect CAV focuses primarily on ventricular function and less is known about RAF. Thus, we primarily sought to evaluate RAF in PHTx patients with CAV. For secondary analysis, we compared RAF between PHTx patients and control patients and evaluated RAF with respect to rejection and surgical type.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated echocardiography derived RA strain indices in recipients <18 years old and >1 year from time of transplant. The RA strain phases included, reservoir (εs), conduit (εe), pump (εa), and respective strain rate indices (SRs, SRe, SRa).ResultsThere were 36 PHTx patients and 14 age‐, sex‐matched control patients. There was a significant reduction in εs, εe, SRs, and SRe (P < 0.001) in the PHTx patients when compared to controls. There was no difference between the CAV (+) and CAV (−) patients with respect to RAF indices. Furthermore, εs, εe, and SRe (P < 0.05) were lower in patients with acute rejection (n = 7) compared to those without (n = 26). Patients with a bi‐atrial anastomosis (n = 14) had decreased εs, εa, SRs, SRa (P < 0.05), compared to bi‐caval anastomosis (n = 24).ConclusionPHTx patients have decreased RAF compared to healthy children. RAF does not differentiate PHTx patients based on the presence of CAV. RAF is also decreased in PHTx patients with rejection and in those transplanted with a bi‐atrial anastomosis.
Transition from paediatric to adult care: a qualitative study of the experiences of young adults with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Iversen Elisabeth , Kolltveit Beate‐Christin H. , Hernar Ingvild , Mårtensson Jan , Haugstvedt Anne 
Published: March 2019

AimThe aim of the present study was to explore how young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experienced the transition from paediatric to adult health care services.DesignA qualitative, explorative design was used.MethodsEleven young adults with T1D receiving adult diabetes care at a hospital in western Norway participated in semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed using Interpretive Description, an inductive approach inspired by grounded theory, ethnography and phenomenology, and specifically designed to explore phenomena in clinical practice aiming to generate new knowledge and skills.ResultsFour main themes regarding the adolescents’ experiences of the transfer from paediatric to adult care emerged: (i) limited information about the transition; (ii) transition from frequent, thorough and personal follow‐up to a less comprehensive and less personal follow‐up; (iii) the importance of being seen as a whole person; (iv) limited expectations of how the health care services were organised.ConclusionsThe study showed that the existing routines for transfer between paediatric and adult care are not optimal. The participants expressed that they were not prepared for the dissimilarities in follow‐up and were predominantly less pleased with the adult care follow‐up.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings support a need for structured transition programmes, that is programmes that contribute to young adults with T1D receiving a safe and positive transition at an otherwise demanding life phase. Young peoples’ individual needs for the transition to and follow‐up in adult care may be promoted by an approach based on person‐centred care.
Contradictory experiences of safety and shame in inpatient mental health practice – a qualitative study
Authors: Eldal Kari , Veseth Marius , Natvik Eli , Davidson Larry , Skjølberg Åse , Gytri Dorte , Moltu Christian 
Published: March 2019

This study explores the lived experience of hospitalisation from the perspective of people with a mental health disorder. This hermeneutic‐phenomenological study, which forms part of a larger qualitative serial inquiry, uses a participatory research design, with analysis inspired by interpretative phenomenological analysis. Fourteen participants were interviewed twice: first during hospitalisation and then again 3 months following hospital discharge. Findings are reported from the entire interview data set. Our findings suggest that mental health hospitalisation is a contradictory experience for patients. On one hand, our study participants experienced the hospital as a place where it is alright to be vulnerable, while on the other hand participants experienced hospitalisation as a burden of everyday stigma and signs of depersonalisation. We conclude that it is important to recognise that patients in need of inpatient treatment for mental illnesses are, in fact, people first and foremost. More reflective practice can be developed by shifting the focus to recovery‐oriented practices to and open dialogue‐based approaches.
Health satisfaction and family impact of parents of children with cancer: a descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Al‐Gamal Ekhlas , Long Tony , Shehadeh Jumana 
Published: March 2019

BackgroundThe impact on parents of coping with a child who has cancer can be both severe and multifarious. Considerable distress persists throughout the treatment phase, persisting even after completion of treatment with heightened anxiety and stress associated with thoughts of recurrence or relapse.AimThe purpose was to investigate the links between parents’ satisfaction with the health care offered to their child with cancer and the impact on families of caring for such a child (including their health‐related quality of life) in a Middle Eastern country.Study designA descriptive, correlational, cross‐sectional design was adopted. Arabic versions of parent‐completed, validated instruments were completed by 113 parents whose child had cancer.ResultsFamily relationship was found to be the best functioning domain, and daily activities were seen to be the poorest. In general, parents expressed satisfaction with their child's health care, but inadequate attention had been paid to their emotional needs. Cases in which children were reported to exhibit more emotional and behavioural problems correlated with greater negative impact on the family and disrupted family functioning.DiscussionParental quality of life was more severely affected than family quality of life. This results from mothers taking up most of the caregiver burden, and the impact on mothers was significantly greater than that on fathers. Children were protected from stress and anxiety by their mother. This burden on mothers resulted in deficits in emotional, social and physical functioning.Practice and policy implicationsNurses and other health professionals should redress the balance between family‐centred care strategies and child‐centred approaches. Effort is needed to provide psychological support to parents by ensuring adequate preparation of staff, especially nurses, to recognise need and provide support in a therapeutic environment. Support may be needed for years after the diagnosis. This is a health professional role that may currently be neglected, and for which training is essential.
Fatal acute hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti‐B from a platelet apheresis unit stored in platelet additive solution
Authors: Balbuena‐Merle Raisa , West F. Bernadette , Tormey Christopher A. , Hendrickson Jeanne E. 
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUNDHemolytic transfusion reactions from out‐of‐group plasma in platelet (PLT) transfusions are uncommon, with most involving passive transfer of anti‐A. Only rare reactions have ever been reported due to anti‐B.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAn apheresis PLT product was donated by a blood group O male, processed using PLT additive solution, and pathogen reduced. Postreaction recipient testing included an antibody screen using gel technology, a direct antiglobulin test (DAT) using immunoglobulin G and C3, and an eluate against group O and B cells. Postreaction donor testing included measuring anti‐B titers in saline, with and without anti‐human globulin.RESULTSA 60‐year‐old blood group B patient with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia developed confusion, fever, and hypotension within hours after a blood group O PLT transfusion. The posttransfusion reaction evaluation was remarkable for a positive DAT 3+ for C3; the eluate showed anti‐B. Rapid extravascular hemolysis occurred, with a 50% decline in hemoglobin, a high lactate dehydrogenase, and a high bilirubin. She was resuscitated with fluids, blood products, pressors, and oxygen and died of asystole 60 hours later. The donor's anti‐B titers were 128 by tube testing at immediate spin and 512 at the anti‐human globulin phase. Notably, a group B patient at a different hospital received a split of the same apheresis unit, with no reaction.CONCLUSIONTo our knowledge, this is the first fatality reported from passively transfused anti‐B. The fact that one transfusion recipient died whereas another did not have any reported reaction highlights the potential importance of recipient variables in isohemagglutinin‐mediated hemolysis.
Population genomics reveals that refugial isolation and habitat change lead to incipient speciation in the Ground tit
Authors: Jiang Zhiyong , Gao Bin , Lei Fumin , Qu Yanhua 
Published: March 2019

AbstractComplex geological environments and Pleistocene glaciations contribute to speciation. For example, the unique geomorphological configuration and distinct geological evolution of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau has led to the evolution of many endemic species adapted to a life at the plateau. Most of these endemic birds show no genetic divergence between different populations across the vast plateau region, with one particularly interesting exception. The ground tit (Pseudopodoces humilis) exhibits considerable genetic differences between the populations distributed on the central (platform) and those in the eastern margin (edge) of the plateau. Glacial refugial isolation and geographic barrier are hypotheses that have been proposed to explain this unique pattern of divergence. Here we use genome‐wide resequencing data to test these two hypotheses as explanation to the genetic divergence of the ground tit. The neighbor‐joining tree, principal component and STRUCTURE analyses suggest the presence of two incompletely diverged genetic lineages, which are geographically congruent with the populations in the platform and edge areas of the plateau. Our demographic model and population demography analyses estimated that the two populations diverged between 57 and 167 kya, and both populations experienced similar bottlenecks and expansions. Congruently, we also observed retracted suitable habitats for the two populations during the glacial time, suggesting that isolation in different glacial refugia. Interestingly, the genetic divergence between the two populations is further maintained and accumulated by habitat differentiation and morphological divergence. In accordance with this, we observed that highly divergent genomic regions harbour genes enriched in biological functions involved in muscle related processes and metabolic activities. Overall, the separation into different glacial refugia, the habitat difference and the morphological divergence contribute together to the adaptive population diversification in situ and we suggest that the platform and edge populations of the ground tit constitutes an interesting example of incipient speciation.