bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We need higher education: Voice of nursing administration from Kabul, Afghanistan
Authors: Qarani Wais M. , Jan Rafat , Saeed Khwaja M. I. , Khymani Laila 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimTo explore the educational profile of nursing managers and head nurses at public hospitals in Kabul, Afghanistan.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional study design was employed.MethodA self‐administered pre‐tested questionnaire was used to recruit 86 nursing managers and head nurses from 17 public hospitals in Kabul. SPSS version 19 was used to analyze and report the data through descriptive statistics.ResultsIt was found that, none of the participant was prepared with higher education in nursing; rather they had only diploma in nursing; and 84.9% of them had completed their nursing diploma before 2002.; 11.6% of participants were currently studying; and all were in non‐nursing disciplines. On the other hand 100% of the participants expressed intention for further studies mainly in leadership and management, computer skill, English language, in‐service nursing trainings and higher education in nursing.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms in older nursing home residents with intact cognitive function in Taiwan
Authors: Hu Sophia H. , Chuang Yeu‐Hui , Ting Yeh‐Feng , Lin Kuan‐Yu , Hsieh Chia‐Jung 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTThe investigators aimed to explore the prevalence of depressive symptoms and associated factors among older residents with intact cognitive function in nursing homes in Taiwan. A cross‐sectional descriptive and correlational research design was used. A convenience sample of 178 older residents without cognitive impairment was recruited from 36 nursing homes in Southern Taiwan. The questionnaires included demographic data; the Barthel Index, which assesses the ability to perform activities of daily living; and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form. Among older residents in nursing homes with intact cognitive function, 39.3% had depressive symptoms. Age, religion, previous living status, previous working status, being totally dependent in physical function, and being severely dependent in physical function were significant predictors of depressive symptoms among cognitively intact older residents. The findings highlight the critical mental healthcare issues among older residents with intact cognitive function in nursing homes. Practical strategies for preventing the occurrence of depressive symptoms and caring for those who have depressive symptoms should be developed, especially for younger or dependent older residents or residents who have never been employed, have no religious beliefs, or have lived alone before they moved into an institution.
Effects of Short‐Term Normobaric Hypoxic Walking Training on Energetics and Mechanics of Gait in Adults with Obesity
Authors: Fernández Menéndez Aitor , Saudan Gilles , Sperisen Ludovic , Hans Didier , Saubade Mathieu , Millet Grégoire P. , Malatesta Davide 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of short‐term hypoxic versus normoxic training at preferred walking speed (PWS) on energetics, mechanics, efficiency, and metabolic risk markers in individuals with obesity.MethodsTwenty‐three subjects with obesity performed nine 1‐hour sessions at PWS under hypoxia (3,000 m, n = 12; BMI: 34.0 ± 0.8 kg/m2) or normoxia (360 m, n = 11; BMI: 32.9 ± 0.8 kg/m2). Participants performed six 5‐minute walking trials at different speeds (PWS, 0.56, 0.83, 1.11, 1.39, and 1.67 m/s). The net energy cost, external mechanical work, and rated perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at these speeds. Body composition and blood samples were collected.ResultsPWS tended to be slower under hypoxia than normoxia (−6.7%; P = 0.092) during the training, and this difference reached significance the third week (−8.9%; P = 0.05). After training, PWS significantly increased (+ 8.2%; P ≤ 0.001), while RPE decreased (P = 0.005). Ankle range of motion (P = 0.03) and vertical displacement of the center of mass (P = 0.02) significantly increased in both groups.ConclusionsA walking training program under hypoxia at slower PWS than in normoxia elicited similar responses in metabolic risk factors, energetics, and mechanics of walking in individuals with obesity. Both programs increased PWS, decreased RPE, and induced gait‐pattern adaptations, which protected against orthopedic injury in these individuals.
A Mathematical Model for Predicting Obesity Transmission with Both Genetic and Nongenetic Heredity
Authors: Ejima Keisuke , Thomas Diana M. , Allison David B. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveObesity is transmissible across generations through both genetic and nongenetic routes, but distinguishing between these factors is challenging. This study aimed to quantitatively examine the contribution of these genetic and nongenetic effects to assess their influence on obesity prevalence.MethodsA mathematical model was proposed that incorporated both the genetic and nongenetic effects of obesity. Model parameters were estimated by using observational data. Model simulations were used to assess the sensitivity of model parameters. To strengthen the study's approach, parameter estimation and simulation using data from the United Kingdom were also performed.ResultsIndividuals homozygous for a “hypothetical obesogenic gene” were suggested to be more susceptible to both socially contagious risk and spontaneous weight gain risk. The model predicted that obesity prevalence would reach 41.03% (39.28, 44.31) and 26.77% (25.62, 28.06) at 2030 in the United States and United Kingdom, respectively. The socially contagious risk factor had a greater overall impact on the distribution of the population with obesity than did spontaneous weight gain risk or mother‐to‐child obesity transmission risk.ConclusionsAlthough the proposed “first approximation” model captured the complex interactions between the genetic and nongenetic effects on obesity, this framework remains incomplete. Future work should incorporate other key features driving the obesity epidemic.
Branched Chain Amino Acids, Androgen Hormones, and Metabolic Risk Across Early Adolescence: A Prospective Study in Project Viva
Authors: Perng Wei , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L. , Hivert Marie‐France , Chavarro Jorge E. , Oken Emily 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the associations of two obesity‐related metabolite patterns with changes in metabolic biomarkers during early adolescence.MethodsMultivariable linear regression was used to examine associations of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) and androgen hormone patterns with changes in glycemia (fasting glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance), adipokines (leptin, adiponectin), inflammation (C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6), lipid profile, and blood pressure during ∼5 years of follow‐up among 213 children aged 6 to 10 years at baseline. Covariates included baseline age, pubertal status, biomarker level, and BMI percentile, and age at follow‐up. Interactions with sex and baseline BMI percentile were also considered.ResultsThe median age at baseline was 7.7 years; 48.8% were boys. In adjusted models, each 1 unit of the BCAA pattern corresponded with a 4.82 (95% CI: 0.92 to 8.71) mg/dL decrease in fasting glucose in boys. In girls, the BCAA pattern was associated with an increase in triglycerides (4.17 [0.03 to 8.32] mg/dL). The androgen pattern was associated with decreased leptin (−2.35 [−4.34 to −0.35] ng/dL) and increased C‐reactive protein (0.28 [0.03 to 0.54] mg/dL) in girls. These relationships did not differ by baseline BMI percentile.ConclusionsThe BCAA and androgen hormone metabolite patterns are related to changes in metabolic parameters in a sex‐specific manner during early adolescence.
Trend‐Analysis of Solid‐State Structures: Low‐Energy Conformational ‘Reactions’ Involving Directed and Coupled Movements in Half‐Sandwich Compounds [CpFe(CO){C(=O)R}PPh3]
Authors: Brunner Henri , Tsuno Takashi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTrends in solid‐state structures were used to identify preferred intramolecular movements in half‐sandwich compounds [CpFe(CO){C(=O)R}PPh3]. Three weak interactions were analyzed: 1) the CH/π donor–acceptor interaction of phenyl rings in the PPh3 ligand, 2) the PhPPh3 face‐on Cp stabilization, and 3) the hydrogen bond between the oxygen atom of the acyl group and an ortho‐C−H bond of one of the PPh3 phenyl rings. Clockwise and counter‐clockwise rotations established directed and coupled movements of the PPh3 ligand, the acyl group, and the phenyl rings within the PPh3 ligand.
Persulfate Reaction in a Hair‐Bleaching Formula: Unveiling the Unconventional Reactivity of 1,13‐Diamino‐4,7,10‐Trioxatridecane
Authors: Gargano Emanuele M. , Mangiatordi Giuseppe F. , Weber Ingo , Goebel Carsten , Alberga Domenico , Nicolotti Orazio , Ruess Wolfgang , Wierlacher Stefan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe stability and unconventional reactivity of 1,13‐diamino‐4,7,10‐trioxatridecane in the presence of NH3, H2O2, and (NH4)2S2O8 are described. The ether‐diamine is an ingredient marketed to hair salons and consumers for so‐called “plex” services to compensate for hair damage during bleaching. The main reaction product identified is an unexpected azanyl ester derivative. This is considered relevant for the safety evaluation when used in cosmetic products. The mechanism of reaction was explored through DFT calculations. This study represents the first attempt to assess the stability of a plex active in an oxidative environment.
FOXO1 regulates VEGFA expression and promotes angiogenesis in healing wounds
Authors: Jeon Hyeran Helen , Yu Quan , Lu Yongjian , Spencer Evelyn , Lu Chanyi , Milovanova Tatyana , Yang Yang , Zhang Chenying , Stepanchenko Olga , Vafa Rameen P , Coelho Paulo G , Graves Dana T 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAngiogenesis is a critical aspect of wound healing. We investigated the role of keratinocytes in promoting angiogenesis in mice with lineage‐specific deletion of the transcription factor FOXO1. The results indicate that keratinocyte‐specific deletion of Foxo1 reduces VEGFA expression in mucosal and skin wounds and leads to reduced endothelial cell proliferation, reduced angiogenesis, and impaired re‐epithelialization and granulation tissue formation. In vitro FOXO1 was needed for VEGFA transcription and expression. In a porcine dermal wound‐healing model that closely resembles healing in humans, local application of a FOXO1 inhibitor reduced angiogenesis. This is the first report that FOXO1 directly regulates VEGFA expression and that FOXO1 is needed for normal angiogenesis during wound healing. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resident alveolar macrophages are master regulators of arrested alveolarization in experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Kalymbetova Tatiana V , Selvakumar Balachandar , Rodríguez‐Castillo José Alberto , Gunjak Miša , Malainou Christina , Heindl Miriam Ruth , Moiseenko Alena , Chao Cho‐Ming , Vadász István , Mayer Konstantin , Lohmeyer Jürgen , Bellusci Saverio , Böttcher‐Friebertshäuser Eva , Seeger Werner , Herold Susanne , Morty Rory E 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTrophic functions for macrophages are emerging as key mediators of developmental processes, including bone, vessel, and mammary gland development. Yolk sac‐derived macrophages mature in the distal lung shortly after birth. Myeloid‐lineage macrophages are recruited to the lung and are activated under pathological conditions. These pathological conditions include bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a common complication of preterm birth characterized by stunted lung development, where the formation of alveoli is blocked. No study has addressed causal roles for immune cells in lung alveolarization. We employed antibody‐based and transgenic death receptor‐based depletion approaches to deplete or prevent lung recruitment of immune cell populations in a hyperoxia‐based mouse model of BPD. Neither neutrophils nor exudate macrophages (which might include lung interstitial macrophages) contributed to structural perturbations to the lung that were provoked by hyperoxia; however, cells of the Csf1r‐expressing monocyte/macrophage lineage were implicated as causal mediators of stunted lung development. We propose that resident alveolar macrophages differentiate into a population of CD45+ CD11c+ SiglecF+ CD11b+ CD68+ MHCII+ cells, which are activated by hyperoxia, and contribute to disturbances to the structural development of the immature lung. This is the first report that causally implicates immune cells in pathological disturbances to postnatal lung organogenesis. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of noninvasive prenatal testing in pregnancies with fetal double bubble sign: Is it feasible?
Authors: Huang Lv‐Yin , Zhen Li , Pan Min , Han Jin , Yang Xin , Li Dong‐Zhi 
Published: March 2018

What's already known about this topic?

The double bubble sign is strongly indicative of duodenal obstruction.
Patients with duodenal obstruction are high risk of other anomalies, especially trisomy 21.
What does this study add?

A much lower percentage of associated malformations in fetuses with double bubble was found.
No other chromosomal anomalies or submicroscopic pathogenic aberrations excepting trisomy 21 were found in fetuses with double bubble.
Noninvasive prenatal testing may be recommended for genetic evaluation of the etiology of fetal double bubble.
Evaluation of the fetal palate at 11 to 13 (+6) weeks of gestation based on an analysis of static ultrasound images using modern IT techniques
Authors: Wójtowicz Anna , Wójtowicz Wojciech , Jurek Janusz , Huras Hubert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a new computer‐based technique to isolate the shape of the fetal palate visible in the midsagittal plane from static ultrasound images routinely used to measure nuchal translucency.MethodThis is a retrospective interpretation of images of the midsagittal view of the fetal face at 11 to 13 (+6) weeks of gestation in 7 cases of cleft lip and palate (CLP) and 7 normal controls. The images were subjected to pattern analysis.ResultsProprietary software was applied and for each CLP case, and palatine bones with different forms from those of fetuses in the control group were recorded. In 4 cases, an image of a continuous palatine bone was observed at a threshold of 180, whereas the remaining 3 images were obtained at 128. A continuous palatine bone structure was not observed in any fetus from the CLP group, even at a level of 128, when the surrounding structures were visible.ConclusionThe application of pattern analysis to a 2D frozen image is a new approach for prenatal diagnostics. This technique may be a helpful tool for physicians and could assist in the diagnosis of cleft palate.
Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus with Proteus syndrome
Authors: Fogarty Lauren , Currie Lauren , Skidmore David , Oviedo Angelica , Sinha Namita , Coolen Jillian 
Published: March 2018

What's already known about the topic?

Proteus syndrome is a rare condition characterized by mosaic overgrowth of tissue types derived from all 3 germ layers. It has a highly variable presentation and is generally diagnosed by clinical criteria after birth.
What does this study add?

This case describes the ultrasound and autopsy findings of a rare presentation of a fetus with AKT1‐related Proteus syndrome.
It demonstrates many systemic and neurologic findings of Proteus syndrome in a fetus that have not been reported in the literature.
Prenatal diagnosis of mutant AKT1‐related Proteus syndrome by antenatal ultrasound is possible and may present without obvious segmentation in a severe phenotype.
Measuring the impact of pharmacoepidemiologic research using altmetrics: A case study of aCNODESdrug‐safety article
Authors: Gamble J.M. , Traynor Robyn L. , Gruzd Anatoliy , Mai Philip , Dormuth Colin R. , Sketris Ingrid S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeTo provide an overview of altmetrics, including their potential benefits and limitations, how they may be obtained, and their role in assessing pharmacoepidemiologic research impact.MethodsOur review was informed by compiling relevant literature identified through searching multiple health research databases (PubMed, Embase, and CIHNAHL) and grey literature sources (websites, blogs, and reports). We demonstrate how pharmacoepidemiologists, in particular, may use altmetrics to understand scholarly impact and knowledge translation by providing a case study of a drug‐safety study conducted by the Canadian Network of Observational Drug Effect Studies.ResultsA common approach to measuring research impact is the use of citation‐based metrics, such as an article's citation count or a journal's impact factor. “Alternative” metrics, or altmetrics, are increasingly supported as a complementary measure of research uptake in the age of social media. Altmetrics are nontraditional indicators that capture a diverse set of traceable, online research‐related artifacts including peer‐reviewed publications and other research outputs (software, datasets, blogs, videos, posters, policy documents, presentations, social media posts, wiki entries, etc).ConclusionCompared with traditional citation‐based metrics, altmetrics take a more holistic view of research impact, attempting to capture the activity and engagement of both scholarly and nonscholarly communities. Despite the limited theoretical underpinnings, possible commercial influence, potential for gaming and manipulation, and numerous data quality‐related issues, altmetrics are promising as a supplement to more traditional citation‐based metrics because they can ingest and process a larger set of data points related to the flow and reach of scholarly communication from an expanded pool of stakeholders. Unlike citation‐based metrics, altmetrics are not inherently rooted in the research publication process, which includes peer review; it is unclear to what extent they should be used for research evaluation.
Methodology for computing the burden of disease of adverse events following immunization
Authors: McDonald Scott A. , Nijsten Danielle , Bollaerts Kaatje , Bauwens Jorgen , Praet Nicolas , van der Sande Marianne , Bauchau Vincent , de Smedt Tom , Sturkenboom Miriam , Hahné Susan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeComposite disease burden measures such as disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALY) have been widely used to quantify the population‐level health impact of disease or injury, but application has been limited for the estimation of the burden of adverse events following immunization. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of adapting the DALY approach for estimating adverse event burden.MethodsWe developed a practical methodological framework, explicitly describing all steps involved: acquisition of relative or absolute risks and background event incidence rates, selection of disability weights and durations, and computation of the years lived with disability (YLD) measure, with appropriate estimation of uncertainty. We present a worked example, in which YLD is computed for 3 recognized adverse reactions following 3 childhood vaccination types, based on background incidence rates and relative/absolute risks retrieved from the literature.ResultsYLD provided extra insight into the health impact of an adverse event over presentation of incidence rates only, as severity and duration are additionally incorporated. As well as providing guidance for the deployment of DALY methodology in the context of adverse events associated with vaccination, we also identified where data limitations potentially occur.ConclusionsBurden of disease methodology can be applied to estimate the health burden of adverse events following vaccination in a systematic way. As with all burden of disease studies, interpretation of the estimates must consider the quality and accuracy of the data sources contributing to the DALY computation.
Discontinuation and dose adjustment of metoprolol after metoprolol‐paroxetine/fluoxetine co‐prescription in Dutch elderly
Authors: Bahar Muh. Akbar , Wang Yuanyuan , Bos Jens H.J. , Wilffert Bob , Hak Eelko 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPurposeCo‐prescription of paroxetine/fluoxetine (a strong CYP2D6 inhibitor) in metoprolol (a CYP2D6 substrate) users is common, but data on the clinical consequences of this drug‐drug interaction are limited and inconclusive. Therefore, we assessed the effect of paroxetine/fluoxetine initiation on the existing treatment with metoprolol on the discontinuation and dose adjustment of metoprolol among elderly.MethodsWe performed a cohort study using the University of Groningen IADB.nl prescription database (www.IADB.nl). We selected all elderly (≥60 years) who had ever been prescribed metoprolol and had a first co‐prescription of paroxetine/fluoxetine, citalopram (weak CYP2D6 inhibitor), or mirtazapine (negative control) from 1994 to 2015. The exposure group was metoprolol and paroxetine/fluoxetine co‐prescription, and the other groups acted as controls. The outcomes were early discontinuation and dose adjustment of metoprolol. Logistic regression was applied to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsCombinations of metoprolol‐paroxetine/fluoxetine, metoprolol‐citalopram, and metoprolol‐mirtazapine were started in 528, 673, and 625 patients, respectively. Compared with metoprolol‐citalopram, metoprolol‐paroxetine/fluoxetine was not significantly associated with the early discontinuation and dose adjustment of metoprolol (OR = 1.07, 95% CI:0.77‐1.48; OR = 0.87, 95% CI:0.57‐1.33, respectively). In comparison with metoprolol‐mirtazapine, metoprolol‐paroxetine/fluoxetine was associated with a significant 43% relative increase in early discontinuation of metoprolol (OR = 1.43, 95% CI:1.01‐2.02) but no difference in the risk of dose adjustment. Stratified analysis by gender showed that women have a significantly high risk of metoprolol early discontinuation (OR = 1.62, 95% CI:1.03‐2.53).ConclusionParoxetine/fluoxetine initiation in metoprolol prescriptions, especially for female older patients, is associated with the risk of early discontinuation of metoprolol.
Effect of annealing time and molecular weight on melt memory of random ethylene 1‐butene copolymers
Authors: Chen Xuejian , Qu Chen , Alamo Rufina G 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe effects of annealing time and molecular weight on the strong melt memory effect observed in random ethylene 1‐alkene copolymers are analyzed in a series of model ethylene 1‐butene copolymers with 2.2 mol% branches. Melt memory is associated with molten clusters of ethylene sequences from the initial crystals that remain in close proximity and are unable to diffuse quickly to the randomized melt state, thus increasing the recrystallization rate. Melt memory persists even for greater than 1000 min annealing indicating a long‐lived nature of the clusters that only fully dissolve at melt temperatures above a critical value (>160 °C). Below the critical melt temperature, molecular weight and annealing temperature have a strong influence on the slow kinetics of melt memory. For the copolymers analyzed, slow dissolution of clusters is experimentally observed only for Mw < 50 000 g mol−1. More stable clusters that survive higher annealing temperatures display slower dissolution rates than clusters remaining at lower temperatures. The threshold crystallinity level to enable melt memory (Xc,threshold) decreases with increasing molecular weight and decreasing annealing temperature similarly to the variation of the chain diffusivity in the melt. The process leading to melt memory is thermally activated as the variation of Xc,threshold with temperature follows Arrhenius behavior with high activation energy (ca 108 kJ mol−1) that is independent of molecular weight. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry