bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeat decompression and fusions following posterolateral fusion versus posterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar spondylosis: a national database study
Authors: Park Moon Soo , Ju Young-Su , Moon Seong-Hwan , Kim Tae-Hwan , Oh Jae Keun , Lim Jin Kyu , Kim Chi Heon , Chung Chun Kee , Chang Ho Guen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is a low incidence of reoperation after surgery. It is difficult to detect statistical differences between reoperation rates of different lumbar fusion surgeries. National population-based databases provide large, longitudinally followed cohorts that may help overcome this challenge. The purpose is to compare the repeat decompression and fusion rate after surgery for degenerative lumbar diseases according to different surgical fusion procedures based on national population-based databases and elucidate the risk factor for repeat decompression and fusions. The Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service database was used. Patients diagnosed with degenerative lumbar diseases and who underwent single-level fusion surgeries between January 1, 2011, and June 30, 2016, were included. They were divided into two groups based on procedure codes: posterolateral fusion or posterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. The primary endpoint was repeat decompression and fusion. Age, sex, the presence of diabetes, osteoporosis, associated comorbidities, and hospital types were considered potential confounding factors. The repeat decompression and fusion rate was not different between the patients who underwent posterolateral fusion and those who underwent posterior/transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. Old age, male sex, and hospital type were noted to be risk factors. The incidence of repeat decompression and fusion was independent on the fusion method.
Noninvasive Contrast-Free 3D Evaluation of Tumor Angiogenesis with Ultrasensitive Ultrasound Microvessel Imaging
Authors: Huang Chengwu , Lowerison Matthew R. , Lucien Fabrice , Gong Ping , Wang Diping , Song Pengfei , Chen Shigao 
Published: March 2019

AbstractUltrasound microvessel imaging (UMI), when applied with ultrafast planewave acquisitions, has demonstrated superior blood signal sensitivity in comparison to conventional Doppler imaging. Here we propose a high spatial resolution and ultra-sensitive UMI that is based on conventional line-by-line high-frequency ultrasound imagers and singular value decomposition (SVD) clutter filtering for the visualization and quantification of tumor microvasculature and perfusion. The technique was applied to a chicken embryo tumor model of renal cell carcinoma that was treated with two FDA-approved anti-angiogenic agents at clinically relevant dosages. We demonstrate the feasibility of 3D evaluation with UMI to achieve highly sensitive detection of microvasculature using conventional line-by-line ultrasound imaging on a preclinical and commercially available high-frequency ultrasound device without software or hardware modifications. Quantitative parameters (vascularization index and fractional moving blood volume) derived from UMI images provide significantly improved evaluation of anti-angiogenic therapy response as compared with conventional power Doppler imaging, using histological analysis and immunohistochemistry as the reference standard. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that high-frequency UMI is a low-cost, contrast-agent-free, easily applicable, accessible, and quantitative imaging tool for tumor characterization, which may be very useful for preclinical evaluation and longitudinal monitoring of anti-cancer treatment.
Carbon nanotube incorporation in PMMA to prevent microbial adhesion
Authors: Kim Kyoung-Im , Kim Dong-Ae , Patel Kapil D. , Shin Ueon Sang , Kim Hae-Won , Lee Jung-Hwan , Lee Hae-Hyoung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAlthough PMMA-based biomaterials are widely used in clinics, a major hurdle, namely, their poor antimicrobial (i.e., adhesion) properties, remains and can accelerate infections. In this study, carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to achieve drug-free antimicrobial adhesion properties. After characterizing the mechanical/surface properties, the anti-adhesive effects against 3 different oral microbial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans) were determined for roughened and highly polished surfaces using metabolic activity assays and staining for recognizing adherent cells. Carboxylated multiwalled CNTs were fabricated and incorporated into PMMA. Total fracture work was enhanced for composites containing 1 and 2% CNTs, while other mechanical properties were gradually compromised with the increase in the amount of CNTs incorporated. However, the surface roughness and water contact angle increased with increasing CNT incorporation. Significant anti-adhesive effects (35~95%) against 3 different oral microbial species without cytotoxicity to oral keratinocytes were observed for the 1% CNT group compared to the PMMA control group, which was confirmed by microorganism staining. The anti-adhesive mechanism was revealed as a disconnection of sequential microbe chains. The drug-free antimicrobial adhesion properties observed in the CNT-PMMA composite suggest the potential utility of CNT composites as future antimicrobial biomaterials for preventing microbial-induced complications in clinical settings (i.e., Candidiasis).
Dietary Sargassum fusiforme improves memory and reduces amyloid plaque load in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Authors: Bogie Jeroen , Hoeks Cindy , Schepers Melissa , Tiane Assia , Cuypers Ann , Leijten Frank , Chintapakorn Yupyn , Suttiyut Thiti , Pornpakakul Surachai , Struik Dicky , Kerksiek Anja , Liu Hong-Bing , Hellings Niels , Martinez-Martinez Pilar , Jonker Johan W. , Dewachter Ilse , Sijbrands Eric , Walter Jochen , Hendriks Jerome , Groen Albert , Staels Bart , Lütjohann Dieter , Vanmierlo Tim , Mulder Monique 
Published: March 2019

AbstractActivation of liver X receptors (LXRs) by synthetic agonists was found to improve cognition in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) mice. However, these LXR agonists induce hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis, hampering their use in the clinic. We hypothesized that phytosterols as LXR agonists enhance cognition in AD without affecting plasma and hepatic triglycerides. Phytosterols previously reported to activate LXRs were tested in a luciferase-based LXR reporter assay. Using this assay, we found that phytosterols commonly present in a Western type diet in physiological concentrations do not activate LXRs. However, a lipid extract of the 24(S)-Saringosterol-containing seaweed Sargassum fusiforme did potently activate LXRβ. Dietary supplementation of crude Sargassum fusiforme or a Sargassum fusiforme-derived lipid extract to AD mice significantly improved short-term memory and reduced hippocampal Aβ plaque load by 81%. Notably, none of the side effects typically induced by full synthetic LXR agonists were observed. In contrast, administration of the synthetic LXRα activator, AZ876, did not improve cognition and resulted in the accumulation of lipid droplets in the liver. Administration of Sargassum fusiforme-derived 24(S)-Saringosterol to cultured neurons reduced the secretion of Aβ42. Moreover, conditioned medium from 24(S)-Saringosterol-treated astrocytes added to microglia increased phagocytosis of Aβ. Our data show that Sargassum fusiforme improves cognition and alleviates AD pathology. This may be explained at least partly by 24(S)-Saringosterol-mediated LXRβ activation.
Stellar populations in hosts of giant radio galaxies and their neighbouring galaxies
Authors: Kuźmicz A. , Czerny B. , Wildy C. 
Published: March 2019

Context. Giant radio galaxies (with projected linear size of radio structure larger than 0.7 Mpc) are very rare and unusual objects. Only ∼5% of extended radio sources reach such sizes. Understanding of the processes responsible for their large sizes is crucial to further our knowledge about the radio source’s evolution.
Aims. We check the hypothesis that giants become extremely large due to the specific history of their host galaxy formation, as well as in the context of the cluster or group of galaxies where they evolve. Therefore we study the star formation histories in their host galaxies and in galaxies located in their neighbourhood.
Methods. We studied 41 giant-size radio galaxies as well as galaxies located within a radius of 5 Mpc around giants to verify whether the external conditions of the intergalactic medium somehow influence the internal evolution of galaxies in the group/cluster. We compared the results with a control sample of smaller-sized Fanaroff–Riley type II radio galaxies and their neighbouring galaxies. We fit stellar continua in all galaxy spectra using the spectral synthesis code STARLIGHT and provide statistical analysis of the results.
Results. We find that hosts of giant radio galaxies have a larger amount of intermediate age stellar populations compared with smaller-sized FRII radio sources. The same result is also visible when we compare neighbouring galaxies located up to 1.5 Mpc around giants and FRIIs. This may be evidence that star formation in groups with giants was triggered due to global processes occurring in the ambient intergalactic medium. These processes may also contribute to mechanisms responsible for the extremely large sizes of giants.
Auswirkungen der Teilöffnung einer Suchtaufnahmestation – Follow-Up nach 3 Jahren
Authors: Schmid Petra , Uhlmann Carmen 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Eine psychiatrische Suchtaufnahmestation wurde 2014 konzeptionell durch eine Aufteilung in einen Stations- und Intensiv-betreuten Bereich verändert. Die Effekte der Umstrukturierungsmaßnahme wurden nun neben dem Prä-Post-Vergleich auch in einem Follow-Up 3 Jahre nach Umstrukturierung untersucht.
Methode Über drei Zeitabschnitte mit jeweils fünf-monatiger Beobachtungsdauer werden Daten zu Zeit der geschlossenen Türe, Verweildauer und Zwangsmaßnahmen evaluiert.
Ergebnisse Nach Umstrukturierung war die Tür signifikant seltener geschlossen, im Follow-Up reduzierte sich die Zeit der geschlossenen Türe nochmals.
Schlussfolgerung Die konzeptionelle – therapeutische, organisatorische und bauliche – Umstrukturierung führte zu einer nachhaltigen Änderung im Bezug auf freiheitsentziehende Maßnahmen und Verweildauer.
Wie sich die Geschlechterbeziehung in den letzten 100 Jahren verändert hat und warum es so schwierig ist, darüber innerhalb der Psychoanalyse ins Gespräch zu kommen
Authors: Rohde-Dachser Christa 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungUnter der Prämisse, dass Geschlechtsidentität immer nur als „Geschlecht-in-Beziehung“ gedacht werden kann, eine Beziehung, in der die Veränderung eines Geschlechtspartners grundsätzlich auch den anderen Partner in Mitleidenschaft zieht, betrachtet die Autorin die von Freud entwickelte Psychoanalyse der Geschlechterdifferenz und die Veränderungen, die sie seitdem erfahren hat, auf einer beziehungstheoretischen Ebene, in der eine veränderte Sichtweise des eigenen Geschlechts grundsätzlich auch eine Veränderung des jeweils anderen nach sich zieht, und zwar unabhängig davon, ob dies bewusst intendiert ist oder nicht. Die Autorin untersucht vor diesem Hintergrund, wie weibliche und männliche Psychoanalytiker seit Mitte des vorigen Jahrhunderts ihre jeweilige Geschlechtsidentität definiert haben, und wie diese Diskussionen über die Veränderungen innerhalb der Psychoanalyse der Geschlechterdifferenz in beiden Fällen bis heute weitgehend geschlechtsintern stattfanden. Auf der zwischengeschlechtlichen Ebene vollzieht sich der Geschlechterdialog demgegenüber vor allem als eine Auseinandersetzung mit wechselseitigen Kränkungen, in die auch Psychoanalytikerinnen und Psychoanalytiker immer noch verstrickt sind. Für eine andere Art des Austauschs ist die Psychoanalyse bis heute weder theoretisch noch methodisch hinreichend gerüstet. Die Autorin plädiert für eine Reflexion dieses zwischengeschlechtlichen Dialogs auch innerhalb der Psychoanalyse.
Zur Situation stationärer forensischer Psychotherapie in Deutschland – Ergebnisse einer Umfrage in Maßregelvollzugseinrichtungen
Authors: Lau Steffen , Voß Tatjana , Mauzaite Agne , Huchzermeier Christian , Konrad Norbert , Basdekis-Jozsa Raphaela 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungUm Informationen zu den Bedingungen von Psychotherapie im Maßregelvollzug zu gewinnen, wurde eine Online-Umfrage initiiert.Die Auswertung ergab, dass in den Einrichtungen mehrheitlich psychotherapeutisch gearbeitet wird (vor allem verhaltenstherapeutisch, manualisiert), zum großen Teil durch Psychologen1, meist im Gruppensetting. Allerdings kommt es in relevantem Maß zu Ausfällen.Der Vorwurf, der Maßregelvollzug sei eine allein kustodiale Unterbringung, scheint in weiten Teilen des Maßregelvollzugs heute nicht (mehr) zu gelten.
Aufgaben und Tätigkeiten der Pflege in der stationären Allgemeinpsychiatrie – Ergebnisse einer Delphi-Studie
Authors: Scheydt Stefan , Holzke Martin , Sauter Dorothea 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Konsentierung der Aufgaben und Tätigkeiten der Pflege in der stationären Allgemeinpsychiatrie.
Methodik Delphi-Befragung zur Konsensfindung mit n = 235 (Runde 1) bzw. n = 193 (Runde 2) Experten der psychiatrischen Pflege.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt konnte ein auf Expertenmeinung basierender Konsens hinsichtlich der Aufgaben und Tätigkeiten der Pflege in der stationären Allgemeinpsychiatrie, bestehend aus 79 Items, generiert werden.
Schlussfolgerungen Weitere Untersuchungen in Bezug auf die Aufgaben und Tätigkeiten der Pflege in speziellen psychiatrischen Settings sowie in Bezug auf die Mindestqualifikationsanforderungen der Pflegenden sind notwendig.
Es ist nicht nur die Transportzeit – Das „Drip and ship“-Verfahren kostet Zeit
Authors: Neuhaus Oliver , Schimana Rainer , Bengel Dietmar , Staudacher Thomas , Ziemann Ulf , Hennersdorf Florian , Prey Nico , Bernhard Alfons 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Zur Akutbehandlung des ischämischen Schlaganfalls werden die intravenöse Thrombolyse (IVT) und die endovaskuläre Thrombektomie (EVT) eingesetzt. In Deutschland gibt es etwa 110 überregionale Stroke Units mit und etwa 200 regionale Stroke Units ohne rund um die Uhr angebotene EVT. Die IVT wird in allen Stroke Units durchgeführt. Die Mehrheit der Patienten mit akutem Schlaganfall wird primär den regionalen Stroke Units zugewiesen. Neben der IVT vor Ort muss in Zusammenarbeit mit überregionalen Stroke Units im Sinne lokaler Netzwerke auch die EVT angeboten werden. Ein aktuelles Urteil des Bundessozialgerichtes definiert den Parameter „Transportzeit“ neu, was zu einer erheblichen finanziellen Bedrohung regionaler Stroke Units führen kann. Diese Studie untersucht beispielhaft retrospektiv die Akutbehandlung an einer regionalen Stroke Unit im Jahr 2016.
Methoden Die Akuttherapie aller Patienten, die in der regionalen Stroke Unit der SRH Kliniken Landkreis Sigmaringen im Jahr 2016 mit den Entlassdiagnosen ischämischer Schlaganfall (ICD 10: I63) oder transitorische ischämische Attacke (TIA; ICD 10: G45) behandelt wurden, wurde retrospektiv analysiert. Kooperiert wird mit den benachbarten überregionalen Stroke Units der Oberschwabenklinik Ravensburg und der Universitätsklinik Tübingen.
Ergebnisse 2016 wurden 299 Patienten mit ischämischem Schlaganfall und 168 Patienten mit TIA behandelt, dazu kamen 41 Patienten mit intrazerebraler Blutung (ICD 10: I61). Einhundertneunzehn dieser 508 Patienten kamen mit Symptombeginn im Zeitfenster < 4,5 Stunden in die Notaufnahme. Bei 52 Patienten wurde eine IVT durchgeführt. Bei 21 Patienten (11 mit, 10 ohne IVT) erfolgte die Verlegung zur EVT, die nach erneuter Sichtung bei 15 Patienten tatsächlich durchgeführt wurde. Die CT-zu-Leiste-Zeiten lagen mit 180 Minuten im Median mehr als doppelt so hoch wie bei primärer Zuweisung in das Zentrum (im Median 88 Minuten). Die etwa 90 Minuten Zeitverzögerung setzten sich aus den vier Faktoren Bilderübermittlung und Fallbesprechung mit dem Zentrum, Entscheidung zum Transport bis zur Bereitstellung des Transportmittels, reiner Transportzeit und Reevaluation teils mit erneuter Bildgebung im Zentrum zusammen.
Diskussion Die primäre Zuweisung von Patienten mit akutem Schlaganfall in regionale Stroke Units, die keine EVT anbieten, führt zu einer nicht verhinderbaren Zeitverzögerung, bis die EVT im weiterversorgenden Zentrum begonnen werden kann. Implikationen für aktuelle und künftige Versorgungsstrukturen werden diskutiert.
Aldehyde Carboxylation: A Concise DFT Mechanistic Study and a Hypothetical Role of CO2 in the Origin of Life
Authors: Juhl Martin , Kim Myungjo , Lee Hee-Yoon , Baik Mu-Hyun , Lee Ji-Woong 
Published: March 2019

Carbon dioxide is arguably one of the most stable carbon-based molecules, yet enzymatic carbon fixation processes enabled the sustainable life cycle on Earth. Chemical reactions involving CO2-functionalization often suffer from low efficiency with highly reactive substrates. We recently reported mild carboxylation of aldehydes to furnish α-keto acids – a building block for chiral α-amino acids via reductive amination. Here, we discuss potential reaction mechanisms of aldehyde carboxylation reactions based on two promoters: NHCs and KCN in the carboxylation reaction. New DFT mechanistic studies suggested a lower reaction barrier for a CO2-functionalization step, implying a potential role of CO2 in prebiotic evolution of organic molecules in the primordial soup.1	Introduction: Aldehydes, Benzoins, Carboxylic Acids2	CO2-Activation: NHC, Cyanide, Lewis Acid and Water3	A Breslow Intermediate: Benzoin Reaction vs. Carboxylation with CO2
4	Carboxylation in the Primordial Soup5	Conclusion
Halonium-Induced Polyene Cyclizations
Authors: D’Hollander Agathe , Peilleron Laure , Grayfer Tatyana , Cariou Kevin 
Published: March 2019

This review covers the methods that chemists have developed to access halogenated polycyclic structures from polyenes, by emulating Nature’s enzymatic machineries. From pioneering studies to the most recent developments, the different strategies, whether based on the use of standard reagents or on the design of specific ones, will be presented. Finally, asymmetric reactions and applications for the total synthesis of natural products will be exposed.1	Introduction2	Pioneering Studies3	Use of Specific Reagents4	Use of N-Haloamides5	Asymmetric Reactions6	Total Synthesis of Halogenated Natural Products7	Conclusion and Perspectives
Medicolegal Review: Perinatal Effexor Lawsuits and Legal Strategies Adverse to Prescribing Obstetric Providers
Authors: Kirsch Nathan , Pacheco Luis , Hossain Amjad , Phelps John 
Published: March 2019

Objectives This study was aimed to familiarize obstetricians with the legal environment surrounding Effexor lawsuits and emphasize the importance of documenting informed consent in the medical records when prescribing a medication that is being targeted for litigation.
Study Design We used the LexisNexis legal search engine to review legal documents from Effexor-related cases and also used Google to search for Effexor-related lawsuits online, further researching these cases via publically available court records from district clerk offices. Finally, we conducted a year-by-year literature review from 1993 to 2017 to establish the history and evolution of scientific studies surrounding Effexor use during pregnancy.
Results Litigation involving Effexor typically arises due to congenital cardiac birth defects in the neonate allegedly associated with maternal Effexor use in pregnancy. Medication manufacturers have employed a legal strategy termed the learned intermediary doctrine in an attempt to shift liability away from themselves and on to prescribing obstetricians. Manufacturers claim they adequately inform obstetricians of the risks and benefits of prescribing their product and it is the duty of the obstetrician to relay those risks and benefits to their patients.
Conclusion To reduce the risk of liability exposure, obstetricians must adequately document informed consent in the medical records when prescribing medications to their pregnant patients.
Interventional Oncology in Immuno-Oncology Part 1: Thermal Ablation
Authors: Slovak Ryan , Raja Junaid , Dendy Case Meaghan , Kim Hyun S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThermal ablation occupies a unique position among the various modalities available to treat malignancies. Initially utilized as a minimally invasive form of palliation, ablative techniques are increasingly being recognized for their role in activating an immune response. Locally destructive, but not thoroughly extirpative, thermal ablation function to generate an in situ tumor vaccine capable of stimulating and enhancing both innate and adaptive immune responses. As monotherapy, the response engendered remains therapeutically insufficient, but newer data suggests that when used as an adjuvant or neoadjuvant, ablation may synergistically boost the anticancer immune response produced by other, sequentially acting immunotherapies. The purpose of this review is to discuss the local and systemic immunological effects induced by thermal ablation. Radio frequency, microwave, and cryoablation will all be considered in addition to focused ultrasound ablation.
Cytomegalovirus Infection among Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units, California, 2005 to 2016
Authors: Tran Chinh , Bennett Mihoko V. , Gould Jeffrey B. , Lee Henry C. , Lanzieri Tatiana M. 
Published: March 2019

Aim The main purpose of this article is to assess trends in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection reported among infants in California neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) during 2005 to 2016.
Study Design The California Perinatal Quality Care Collaborative collects data on all very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight ≤ 1,500 g) and acutely ill infants > 1,500 g, representing 92% of NICUs in California. We compared clinical characteristics and length of hospital stay among infants with and without reported CMV infection (CMV-positive viral culture or polymerase chain reaction).
Results During 2005 to 2016, CMV infection was reported in 174 VLBW infants and 145 infants > 1,500 g, or 2.7 (range: 1.5–4.7) and 1.2 (range: 0.8–1.7) per 1,000 infants, respectively (no significant annual trend). Among infants > 1,500 g, 12 (8%) versus 4,928 (4%) of those reported with versus without CMV infection died (p < 0.05). The median hospital stay was significantly longer among infants reported with versus without CMV infection for both VLBW infants (98 vs. 46 days) and infants > 1,500 g (61 vs. 14 days) (p < 0.001).
Conclusion Reports of CMV infection remained stable over a 12-year period. Although we were not able to assess whether infection was congenital or postnatal, CMV infection among infants > 1,500 g was associated with increased mortality.
Therapie des subakromialen Schmerzsyndroms
Authors: Matthijs Anja 
Published: March 2019

Zusammenfassung
Im VPTMAGAZIN stellen wir regelmäßig aktuelle Studienergebnisse vor. Diesmal: Chaconas EJ, Kolber MJ, Hanney WJ, Daugherty ML, Wilson SH, Sheets C. Shoulder external rotator eccentric training versus general shoulder exercise for subacromial pain syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017;12:1121–133.