bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering as the integrator: A case study of one middle school science teacher's talk
Authors: Johnston Amanda C. , Akarsu Murat , Moore Tamara J. , Guzey S. Selcen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundIntegration of engineering into middle school science and mathematics classrooms is a key aspect of STEM integration. However, successful pedagogies for teachers to use engineering talk in their classrooms are not fully understood.Purpose/HypothesisThis study aims to address this need with the research question: How does a middle school life science teacher use engineering talk during an engineering design‐based STEM integration unit?Design/MethodThis case study examined the talk of a teacher whose students demonstrated high levels of learning in science and engineering throughout a three‐year professional development program. Transcripts of whole‐class verbal interactions for 18 class periods in the life science‐based STEM integration unit were analyzed using a theoretical framework based on the Framework for Quality K‐12 Engineering Education.ResultsThe teacher used talk to integrate engineering in a variety of ways, skillfully weaving engineering throughout the unit. He framed lessons around problem scoping, incorporated engineering ideas into scientific verbal interactions, and aligned individual lessons and the overall unit with the engineering design process. He stayed true to the context of the engineering challenge and treated the students as young engineers.ConclusionsThis teacher's talk helped to integrate engineering with the science and mathematics content of the unit and modeled the practices of informed designers to help students learn engineering in the context of their science classroom. These findings have the potential to improve how educators and curricula developers utilize engineering teacher talk to support STEM integration.
Predominance of the heterozygous CCR5 delta‐24 deletion in African individuals resistant to HIV infection might be related to a defect in CCR5 addressing at the cell surface
Authors: Arendt Vic , Amand Mathieu , Iserentant Gilles , Lemaire Morgane , Masquelier Cécile , Ndayisaba Gilles F , Verhofstede Chris , Karita Etienne , Allen Susan , Chevigné Andy , Schmit Jean‐Claude , Bercoff Danielle Perez , Seguin‐Devaux Carole 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe chemokine receptor CCR5 is the main co‐receptor for R5‐tropic HIV‐1 variants. We have previously described a novel 24‐base pair deletion in the coding region of CCR5 among individuals from Rwanda. Here, we investigated the prevalence of hCCR5Δ24 in different cohorts and its impact on CCR5 expression and HIV‐1 infection in vitro.MethodsWe screened hCCR5Δ24 in a total of 3232 individuals which were either HIV‐1 uninfected, high‐risk HIV‐1 seronegative and seropositive partners from serodiscordant couples, Long‐Term Survivors, or HIV‐1 infected volunteers from Africa (Rwanda, Kenya, Guinea‐Conakry) and Luxembourg, using a real‐time PCR assay. The role of the 24‐base pair deletion on CCR5 expression and HIV infection was assessed in cell lines and PBMC using mRNA quantification, confocal analysis, flow and imaging cytometry.Results and DiscussionAmong the 1661 patients from Rwanda, 12 individuals were heterozygous for hCCR5Δ24 but none were homozygous. Although heterozygosity for this allele may not confer complete resistance to HIV‐1 infection, the prevalence of the mutation was 2.41% (95%CI: 0.43; 8.37) in 83 Long‐Term Survivors (LTS) and 0.99% (95%CI: 0.45; 2.14) in 613 HIV‐1 exposed seronegative members as compared with 0.35% (95% Cl: 0.06; 1.25) in 579 HIV‐1 seropositive members. The prevalence of hCCR5Δ24 was 0.55% (95%CI: 0.15; 1.69) in 547 infants from Kenya but the mutation was not detected in 224 infants from Guinea‐Conakry nor in 800 Caucasian individuals from Luxembourg. Expression of hCCR5Δ24 in cell lines and PBMC showed that the hCCR5Δ24 protein is stably expressed but is not transported to the plasma membrane due to a conformational change. Instead, the mutant receptor was retained intracellularly, colocalized with an endoplasmic reticulum marker and did not mediate HIV‐1 infection. Co‐transfection of hCCR5Δ24 and wtCCR5 did not indicate a transdominant negative effect of CCR5Δ24 on wtCCR5.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that hCCR5Δ24 is not expressed at the cell surface. This could explain the higher prevalence of the heterozygous hCCR5Δ24 in LTS and HIV‐1 exposed seronegative members from serodiscordant couples. Our data suggest an East‐African localization of this deletion, which needs to be confirmed in larger cohorts from African and non‐African countries.
Exercise in multiple sclerosis and its models: Focus on the central nervous system outcomes
Authors: Guo Ling Yi , Lozinski Brian , Yong Voon Wee 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Emerging research suggests that exercise has therapeutic benefits for MS patients but the clinical data have focused primarily on non‐CNS outcomes. In this review, we discuss evidence in preclinical MS models that exercise influences oligodendrocyte proliferation and repopulation, remyelination, neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, axonal regeneration, and astrogliosis. Evidence for the therapeutic effects of exercise in MS is further supplemented by data from other CNS diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and spinal cord injury. These results motivate studies into the benefits that exercise confers within the CNS in MS.
Changes in the sensitivity of tropical rainfall response to local sea surface temperature anomalies under global warming
Authors: Ying Jun , Huang Ping , Lian Tao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractChanges in tropical rainfall variability under global warming are crucial to rainfall changes induced by tropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability modes, which exerts severe influences on human society and the natural environment. As the main factor influencing tropical rainfall variability, changes in the sensitivity of tropical rainfall response to local SST anomalies under global warming remain unclear. This study reveals its two dominant spatial features based on the multi‐model ensemble mean result from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. The sensitivity of tropical rainfall response to SST anomalies is enhanced in the equatorial central–eastern Pacific, and exhibits a positive Indian Ocean dipole‐like pattern in the Indian Ocean. A simplified moisture budget decomposition shows that such change is composed of the thermodynamic effect induced by the increase in mean‐state moisture and the dynamic effect induced by the changes in the sensitivity of atmospheric circulation response to SST anomalies. When the thermodynamic effect, displaying a ‘wet‐get‐wetter’ paradigm, is basically offset with a part of the dynamic effect by the general weakening of atmospheric circulation response to SST anomalies under global warming, changes in the sensitivity of rainfall response to SST anomalies is dominated by a residual dynamic effect that reflects the roles of two factors: the spatially non‐uniform SST warming and the climatological SST. As a result, the ‘warmer‐get‐wetter’ paradigm is more important to changes in the sensitivity of rainfall rasponse to SST anomalies than to climatological rainfall changes. Moreover, the non‐uniform SST warming pattern and the climatological SST are also important sources of intermodel uncertainty in the changes of sensitivity of rainfall rasponse to SST anomalies.
Short peptides secreted by Bacillus subtilis inhibit the growth of mold on fresh‐cut pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)
Authors: Qiao Huitian , Zhang Bo , Chen Xiangning , Su Lijing , Jiao Chang , Chen Si , Fan Junfeng , Liu Huijun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigates the efficacy of short peptides secreted by Bacillus subtilis for fungal inhibition in fresh‐cut pumpkin and for maintaining its shelf life.RESULTSLow‐molecular‐weight filtrate (LC < 1000 Da) of B. subtilis culture (BC) significantly lowered the total number of molds on fresh‐cut pumpkin compared with the untreated control and a BC group after storage. Low‐molecular‐weight filtrate prevented the deterioration of sensory quality in a pumpkin incision, and reduced pectinase activity. It also inhibited the growth of Phytophthora capsici and Penicillium chrysogenum, and the activity of β‐1,3‐glucan synthase (GS) secreted by both molds. Fifty‐seven GS‐inhibiting peptides were screened from 95 LC peptides with two to five amino acid residues. The two most potent peptides, AWYW and HWWY, had strongly suppressive effects on the growth of P. capsici and P. chrysogenum.CONCLUSIONOur study demonstrated that short peptides present in B. subtilis culture can play an important role in the maintenance of fresh‐cut pumpkin by suppressing fungal growth. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Using an automatic pulse voltammetric electronic tongue to verify the origin of honey from Spain, Honduras, and Mozambique
Authors: Sobrino‐Gregorio Lara , Tanleque‐Alberto Fernando , Bataller Román , Soto Juan , Escriche Isabel 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe growing need to classify the origin of honey in a simple way is leading to the development of affordable analytical equipment that is in‐line and manageable, enabling rapid on‐site screening. The aim of this work was therefore to evaluate whether an electronic tongue (made of four metallic electrodes: Ir, Rh, Pt, Au), based on potential multistep pulse voltammetry with electrochemical polishing, is able to differentiate between honey samples from Spain, Honduras, and Mozambique.RESULTSIt was demonstrated, for the first time, that automatic pulse voltammetry, in combination with principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis, was able to differentiate honey samples from these three countries. A partial least squares (PLS) analysis predicted the level of certain physicochemical parameters, the best results being for conductivity and moisture with correlation coefficients of 0.948 and 0.879, whereas the weakest correlation was for the sugars.CONCLUSIONThe tool proposed in this study could be applied to identify the country origin of the three types of multifloral honey considered here. It also offers promising perspectives for expanding knowledge of the provenance of honey. All of this could be achieved when a comprehensive database with the information generated by this electronic tongue has been created. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of moving pictures on visual task performance and fatigue using 4K OLED and LCD TVs
Authors: Lim Kyongho , Li Xiaohua , Tu Yan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis study compared the effects of 4K organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) and liquid‐crystal display (LCD) TVs on human visual task performance and fatigue when viewing moving pictures. In experiments conducted, subjects were asked to locate 35 icons among a total of 276 on‐screen icons at four moving picture speeds. From the results obtained, it was determined that OLED TVs (emissive type) exhibit superior characteristics for hit rate and false alarm rate compared with LCD TVs (non‐emissive‐type). The evaluation results of a simulator sickness questionnaire administered to ascertain fatigue levels also indicated that OLED TVs induce relatively little fatigue at fast‐moving picture speeds of 10 ppf or more compared with LCD TVs. Thus, this study confirms that OLED TVs, given their ultrafast response time characteristics, are superior in terms of moving picture images to LCD TVs.
Preoperative augmentative and alternative communication enhancement in pediatric tracheostomy
Authors: Santiago Rachel , Howard Michelle , Dombrowski Natasha D. , Watters Karen , Volk Mark S. , Nuss Roger , Costello John M. , Rahbar Reza 
Published: September 2019

Objectives/HypothesisDescribe augmentative communication tools and strategies used by pediatric patients referred to inpatient speech‐language pathologists prior to tracheostomy placement.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsA review of patients who underwent initial tracheostomy placement from 2013‐2016 was conducted at a tertiary pediatric center. Eligible patients were those who were referred to a specialized speech‐language pathologist prior to the date of the tracheostomy placement to support communication abilities. Patients were identified by surgical procedural and billing codes. Data collected included patient demographics, speech and language disorders, and interventions performed. Chart review and cross analysis of billing data for types of assessment and intervention procedures were conducted by two speech‐language pathologists for consensus agreement.ResultsForty‐six patients (aged 1 month–27 years, mean = 12.9 years) were included in the study. Average time between the bedside communication assessment and tracheostomy procedure date was 17 days. Baseline speech‐language disorders were identified in 11 patients (24%). Thirty‐eight (83%) patients were nonspeaking at the time of consultation. Thirty‐two (70%) patients utilized an electronic communication tool, and 36 (78%) utilized low‐technology communication strategies during the preoperative period. A total of 32 (70%) patients were documented as using no‐technology or speech‐enhancement strategies during the acute hospitalization.ConclusionsMultidisciplinary tracheostomy teams should consider consultation to speech‐language pathologists for patients prior to tracheostomy placement to assess for utility of high‐technology, low‐technology, and no‐technology augmentative and alternative communication strategies.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 130:1817–1822, 2020
Sterol Carrier Protein‐2/Sterol Carrier Protein‐x/Fatty Acid Binding Protein‐1 Ablation Impacts Response of Brain Endocannabinoid to High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Martin Gregory G. , Seeger Drew R. , McIntosh Avery L. , Milligan Sherrelle , Chung Sarah , Landrock Danilo , Dangott Lawrence J. , Golovko Mikhail Y. , Murphy Eric J. , Kier Ann B. , Schroeder Friedhelm 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBrain endocannabinoids (EC) such as arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) primarily originate from serum arachidonic acid (ARA), whose level is regulated in part by a cytosolic ARA‐binding protein, that is, liver fatty acid binding protein‐1 (FABP1), not expressed in the brain. Ablation of the Fabp1 gene (LKO) increases brain AEA and 2‐AG by decreasing hepatic uptake of ARA to increase serum ARA, thereby increasing ARA availability for uptake by the brain. The brain also expresses sterol carrier protein‐2 (SCP‐2), which is also a cytosolic ARA‐binding protein. To further resolve the role of SCP‐2 independent of FABP1, mice ablated in the Scp‐2/Scp‐x gene (DKO) were crossed with mice ablated in the Fabp1 gene (LKO) mice to generate triple knock out (TKO) mice. TKO impaired the ability of LKO to increase brain AEA and 2‐AG. While a high‐fat diet (HFD) alone increased brain AEA, TKO impaired this effect. Overall, these TKO‐induced blocks were not attributable to altered expression of brain proteins in ARA uptake, AEA/2‐AG synthesis, or AEA/2‐AG degrading enzymes. Instead, TKO reduced serum levels of free ARA and/or total ARA and thereby decreased ARA availability for uptake to the brain and downstream synthesis of AEA and 2‐AG therein. In summary, Scp‐2/Scp‐x gene ablation in Fabp1 null (LKO) mice antagonized the impact of LKO and HFD on brain ARA and, subsequently, EC levels. Thus, both FABP1 and SCP‐2 participate in regulating the EC system in the brain.
Polymer Structure‐Guided Self‐Assisted Preparation of Poly(ester‐thioether)‐Based Hollow Porous Microspheres and Hierarchically Interconnected Microcages for Drug Release
Authors: Cheng Furong , Su Ting , Pu Yuji , Gao Wenxia , He Bin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPorous polymer microspheres (PPMs) have been widely applied in various biomedical fields. Herein, the self‐assisted preparation of poly(ester‐thioether)‐based porous microspheres and hierarchical microcages, whose pore sizes can be controlled by varying the polymer structures, is reported. Poly(ester‐thioether)s with alkyl side chains (carbon atom numbers were 2, 4, and 8) can generate hollow porous microspheres; the longer alkyl chain length, the larger pore size of microspheres. The allyl‐modified poly(ester‐thioether) (PHBDT‐g‐C3) can form highly open, hierarchically interconnected microcages. A formation mechanism of these PPMs is proposed; the hydrophobic side chains‐mediated stabilization of oil droplets dictate the droplet aggregation and following solvent evaporation, which is the key to the formation of PPMs. The hierarchically interconnected microcages of PHBDT‐g‐C3 are due to the partially crosslinking of polymers. Pore sizes of PPMs can be further tuned by a simple mixing strategy of poly(ester‐thioether)s with different pore‐forming abilities. The potential application of these PPMs as H2O2‐responsive vehicles for delivery of hydrophobic (Nile Red) and hydrophilic (doxorubicin hydrochloride) cargos is also investigated. The microspheres with larger pore sizes show faster in vitro drug release. The poly(ester‐thioether)‐based polymer microspheres can open a new avenue for the design of PPMs and provide a H2O2‐responsive drug delivery platform.
1‐Aryl‐2‐(triisopropylsilyl)ethane‐1,2‐diones: Toward a New Class of Visible Type I Photoinitiators for Free Radical Polymerization of Methacrylates
Authors: Kirschner Julie , Baralle Alexandre , Graff Bernadette , Becht Jean‐Michel , Klee Joachim E. , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: September 2019

Abstract1‐Aryl‐2‐(triisopropylsilyl)ethane‐1,2‐diones (SEDs) are proposed here as a new class of visible Type I photoinitiators (PIs) for free radical polymerization under air upon exposure to blue (@455 nm) and green (@520 nm) LEDs. Remarkably, these new systems present good polymerization performances and excellent bleaching properties compared to camphorquinone‐based systems, and transparent polymers are obtained upon visible light irradiation. Real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to monitor the polymerization profiles. Molecular orbital calculations are also carried out for a better understanding of the structure/reactivity relationship of the photoinitiators.
LRRK2 N551K and R1398H variants are protective in Malays and Chinese in Malaysia: A case–control association study for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Gopalai Aroma Agape , Lim Jia Lun , Li Hui‐Hua , Zhao Yi , Lim Thien Thien , Eow Gaik B. , Puvanarajah Santhi , Viswanathan Shanthi , Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim , Abdul Aziz Zariah , Lim Soo Kun , Tan Chong Tin , Tan Ai Huey , Lim Shen‐Yang , Tan Eng‐King , Ahmad Annuar Azlina 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe LRRK2 gene is associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) as a number of mutations within the gene have been shown to be susceptibility factors. Studies on various global populations have determined that mutations such as G2019S, G2385R, and R1628P in LRRK2 increase the risk of developing PD while the N551K‐R1398H haplotype is associated with conferring protection against developing PD. Here we report a study looking at the N551K and R1398H variants for the first time in the Malaysian population.MethodsCases (523) which conformed to the United Kingdom PD Brain Bank Criteria for PD were recruited through trained neurologists and age‐ and ethnically matched controls (491) were individuals free of any neurological disorder. The N551K and R1398H mutations were genotyped using the Taqman SNP genotyping assay.ResultsA significant protective association for N551K was found in those of Malay ancestry, with a protective trend seen for R1398H. A meta‐analysis of Chinese individuals in this cohort with other published cohorts of Chinese ancestry indicated a significant protective role for N551K and R1398H.ConclusionThis study reports that the N551K‐R1398H haplotype is also relevant to the Malaysian population, with a significant protective effect found in those of Malay and Chinese ancestries.
Association between ACYP2 polymorphisms and the risk of renal cell cancer
Authors: Wang Yuhe , Zhang Yongtong , Sun Yao , Wu Jiamin , Chang Junke , Xiong Zichao , Niu Fanglin , Gu Shanzhi , Jin Tianbo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundKidney cancer is the predominant form of malignancy of the kidney and accounts for approximately 3%–4% of all cancers. Renal cell cancer (RCC) represents more than 85% of kidney cancer. It has been reported that genetic factors may predispose individuals to RCC. This study evaluated the association between Acylphosphatase 2 (ACYP2) gene polymorphisms and RCC risk in the Han Chinese population.MethodsTwelve single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ACYP2 were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform from 293 RCC patients and 495 controls. The Chi‐squared test, genetic models, haplotype, and stratification analyses were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and the risk of RCC. The relative risk was estimated using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsWe observed that the rs6713088 allele G (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03–1.53, p = .023) and rs843711 allele T (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.06–1.57, p = .010) were associated with increased RCC risk. Genetic model analyses found that rs843711 was significantly associated with an increased RCC risk under the recessive model and log‐additive model after adjusting for age and gender. Haplotype analysis showed that the haplotype “TTCTCGCC” (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.48–0.94, p = .021) was associated with a decreased risk of RCC in the Han Chinese population. Stratification analysis also found that rs6713088 and rs843711 were significantly associated with increased RCC risk.ConclusionIn summary, the results suggested that ACYP2 polymorphisms could be used as a genetic marker for RCC. Additional functional and association studies are required to validate our results.
Effect of Oral Versus Intramuscular Vitamin D Replacement on Oxidative Stress and Outcomes in Traumatic Mechanical Ventilated Patients Admitted to Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hasanloei Mohammad Amin Valizade , Rahimlou Mehran , Eivazloo Afsoon , Sane Shahryar , Ayremlou Parvin , Hashemi Reza 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 forms of vitamin D supplementation on oxidative stress and weaning from the ventilator in patients with traumatic injury and vitamin D deficiency.MethodsSeventy‐two patients were randomly divided into 3 groups: receiving 50,000 IU pearl cholecalciferol daily for 6 days, 1 intramuscular injection of 300,000 IU of cholecalciferol, or a control group that did not receive any supplement. Duration of mechanical ventilation, body composition, and biochemical biomarkers were measured before and after the intervention.ResultAt the end of the study, the mean serum 25(OH)D increased in the intervention groups compared with the control group (P < .05). The interleukin 6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‐reactive protein levels, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, duration of mechanical ventilation, and length of intensive care unit admission significantly decreased; however, total antioxidant capacity concentration did not differ significantly between the 2 intervention groups. Among the body composition variables, extracellular water ratio changes were statically different in oral vitamin D group compared with the control group (P = .001). No side effects were reported with the supplements.ConclusionsVitamin D administration improved clinical signs and biochemical biomarkers in a small group of patients with traumatic injury. Well‐designed multicenter clinical studies with longer intervention duration are necessary for this field.