bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Repeated Reading to Improve Reading Speed and Comprehension in Students with Visual Impairments
Authors: Savaiano Mackenzie E. , Hatton Deborah D. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction This study evaluated whether children with visual impairments who receive repeated reading instruction exhibit an increase in their oral reading rate and comprehension and a decrease in oral reading error rates. Methods A single-subject, changing-criterion design replicated across three participants was used to demonstrate the association between a repeated reading intervention and the oral reading rate, comprehension, and error rate. Results Visual analysis of the data indicates that there was a functional relation between repeated reading and oral reading rate for two participants, and a functional relation between repeated reading and comprehension for all participants. There was not a functional relation between repeated oral reading and error rate. Discussion Based on the results of this study, repeated reading appears to be an effective practice for some students with visual impairments. Implications for practitioners Teachers and parents can engage children in repeated reading activities in an effort to develop automaticity in reading and to improve oral reading rates.
Effects of Wait Time when Communicating with Children who have Sensory and Additional Disabilities
Authors: Johnson Nicole , Parker Amy T. 
Published: January 2019

Introduction This study utilized wait-time procedures to determine if they are effective in helping children with deafblindness or multiple disabilities that include a visual impairment communicate in their home. Methods A single subject with an alternating treatment design was used for the study. Zero- to one-second wait time was utilized before prompting for a response during three baseline sessions. This was compared to 5-, 10-, and 15-second wait-time increments used during six intervention sessions. Three participants with visual impairments, developmental disabilities, and communication delays participated in the study. One of the participants was deafblind. Results All three participants responded twice as often during intervention phases as in baseline sessions. The results showed that 5-, 10-, and 15-second wait times were effective when reciprocally communicating with children who have multiple disabilities with a visual impairment or deafblindness. Discussion The findings of this study determined that wait time was effective and showed promising results for children with deafblindness or multiple disabilities. The study indicated that such children need time to process what is being asked in order to respond appropriately. Prompting quickly can frustrate the child with disabilities. Limitations of the study included heterogeneity and fragile medical condition of the participants, distractions, and the need for future research on the use of this technique. Implications for practitioners By utilizing at least five seconds of wait time, parents and educators may be able to see an increase in appropriate responses from the child. Wait-time interventions could increase opportunities for learning, social interaction, and communication, and are easily implemented with little to no training.
Effects of compression therapy and venous surgery on tissue oxygenation in chronic venous disease
Authors: Chiang Nathaniel , Rodda Odette , Oldham Simone , Sleigh Jamie , Vasudevan Thodur 
Published: January 2019

Objectives This study aimed to determine if compression therapy or surgical intervention improves tissue oxygenation in chronic venous disease. Method Thirty lower limbs with chronic venous disease were placed into three groups, being compression, open surgical and endovenous ablation. Tissue oxygenation was assessed using a hyperspectral transcutaneous oxygen measurement system. Measurements were recorded at baseline and 28 days following therapy. Results Fourteen patients completed the study; therefore, the cohort was re-categorised into two groups: compression therapy and surgical. There were no differences in demographics and baseline hyperspectral transcutaneous oxygen measurement. In compression therapy, skin perfusion was enhanced in all locations in the supine position and lateral malleolus in standing position. Skin temperature (°C) increased in all locations. In the surgical group, oxyhaemoglobin and oxyhaemoglobin saturation increased at the medial malleolus in standing position; however, no other significant improvements were identified. Conclusions Compression increased tissue oxygenation and skin temperature to a greater extent than surgical intervention. This supports the importance of compression therapy in chronic venous disease.
Ku86 alleviates human umbilical vein endothelial cellular apoptosis and senescence induced by a low dose of ionizing radiation
Authors: Wu Kai , Chen Zejin , Peng Qing , Chen Guojian , Yan Weihong , Chen Xiaoping 
Published: January 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to observe the effect of Ku86 on cellular senescence and apoptosis induced by various doses of ionizing radiation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods Senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity was detected to evaluate cell senescence. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and a caspase enzyme determination kit. p16Ink4a, Sirt1, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), xanthine oxidase (XOD), and Bcl-2 protein expression levels were measured by western blotting. Results Low doses of ionizing radiation induced cellular senescence and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The Ku86 protein was negatively correlated with ionization intensity. After transfection of Ku86 with a vector (pcDNA 3.1), or interference with siRNA (si-Ku86), apoptosis/senescence and related protein expression were observed. Western blot results revealed that this induction of senescence was associated with activated Sirt1 and SOD2, and downregulation of p16Ink4a and XOD in 0.2 Gy ionizing radiation. The expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins, such as Bcl-2, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, were significantly altered in both the presence and absence of Ku86 with ionizing radiation (0.2 Gy). Conclusions Our study revealed that Ku86 overexpression inhibits HUVEC apoptosis and senescence induced by low doses of ionizing radiation.
Clinical efficacy of OrthoPilot navigation system versus conventional manual total hip arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Cheng-long , Han Peng-fei , Zhang Zhi-liang , Sun Xiao-juan , Lv Zhi 
Published: January 2019

Objective This study was performed to compare the clinical efficacy between the OrthoPilot navigation system and conventional manual surgery in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Methods The Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched for clinical trials. The outcome measurements were the anteversion angle, inclination angle, and complications. Review Manager 5.3 statistical software was used for the data analysis. Results Significant differences were found in the femoral offset and overall complication rate between the conventional and navigation groups. Additionally, the conventional group had significantly less anteversion than the navigation group. However, the navigation group had significantly better inclination. The operation time was significantly shorter in the conventional than navigation group. Conclusion Both the OrthoPilot navigation system and conventional total hip arthroplasty result in significant improvements in patient function with similar overall complication rates and have their own advantages in achieving good cup position. The conventional procedure has a shorter operation time than does use of a navigation system.
Clinically useful flow cytometry approach to identify immunophenotype in acute leukemia
Authors: Ouyang Guifang , Xu Zhijuan , Jiang Danjie , Zhu Huiling , Wang Yi , Wu Wenmiao , Sun Yongcheng , Sheng Lixia , Xu Kaihong , Lou Yanru , Mu Qitian , Zhang Yi , Wu Ningning , Cheng Jia , Duan Shiwei 
Published: January 2019

Objectives Acute leukemia (AL) is a highly heterogeneous malignant disease caused by hematopoietic cell abnormalities. Our study investigated the potential for immunophenotyping of leukemic cells via flow cytometry and the clinical usefulness of this approach in treatment of AL. Methods Bone marrow (BM) specimens were collected to detect antigen expression on hematopoietic cells in pre-treatment samples from patients with AL. In addition, fraction survival curves were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method to explore the effect of markers on prognosis in AL. Results Expression levels of immunophenotypic markers in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were significantly different from those in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In addition, there was a potential association between the surface marker, cluster of differentiation 2 (CD2), and fraction survival in AML. However, no similar result was found in ALL. Moreover, genetic tests showed greater positive variation of the break point cluster-Abelson tyrosine kinase ( BCR-ABL) fusion gene in samples from patients with ALL than in samples from patients with AML. Conclusions We have shown a rapid and effective flow cytometry method that enables the identification of immunophenotype in AL. Moreover, CD2 may constitute a predictive marker for prognosis in patients with AML.
Gender Differences in Research Productivity among Academic Psychiatrists in Canada
Authors: Chauvin Sarah , Mulsant Benoit H. , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Stergiopoulos Vicky , Taylor Valerie H. , Vigod Simone N. 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Gender inequity in academic medicine persists despite increases in the number of women physicians. We sought to explore gender differences in research productivity for academic psychiatrists in Canada. Methods: In a cross-sectional study of the 3379 psychiatrists in all 17 university departments of psychiatry in Canada, research productivity, as measured by the h-index and number of publications, was compared between women and men using a negative log binomial regression model to generate relative rates (RRs), adjusted for career duration (aRR). Findings were stratified by academic rank, institution region, and institution size. A subanalysis of those with 10 or more publications was conducted as a proxy for identifying physicians on a research track. Results: Women (43% of the sample) had a lower mean (standard deviation) h-index than men (2.87 [6.49] vs. 5.31 [11.1]; aRR, 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.54 to 0.72). Differences were significant only for junior faculty and not for associate and full professors. Comparison by number of publications followed a similar pattern (aRR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.39 to 0.55). Among those with 10 or more publications ( n = 721), differences between men and women were smaller than in the overall cohort for both the h-index (aRR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.87) and number of publications (aRR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.72). Conclusions: Gender differences in research productivity at the national level in academic psychiatry in Canada support a call to adopt a more systematic approach to promoting equitable opportunities for women in research, especially in early career, to improve diversity and enhance future psychiatric research and discovery.
Five Challenges Facing Journalism Education in the UK
Authors: Frost Chris 
Published: January 2019

Journalism and journalism education has been through a time of massive change over the past 20 years as the media has got to grips with the technology revolution, learning how to deal with the benefits and problems that the move from analog to digital has brought. Now education needs to look to the future to predict what’s coming and to prepare teachers and students for even more change as the interface between humans and the digital world becomes ever closer. Journalism education also needs to take more seriously the need to not just train journalism students but to give them the tools to deal with a fast-moving world where things can change almost month by month. Students can now expect a career of up to 60 years duration and learning how to predict the future, deal with the latest innovations, manage change and identify what is important and what is merely transitory; a glossy distraction rather than a change in basic truths will be key skills for success. Training simply for today’s world is no longer good enough and lets our students down – students need skills for a future that will be more different than any sci-fi artefact film can imagine.
New Paradigm of Personalized Glycemic Control Using Glucose Temporal Density Histograms
Authors: Trahtemberg Uriel , Hallas Tova , Segman Yehonatan , Sheiman Ella , Shasha Michal , Nissim Kobi , Segman Yosef (Joseph) 
Published: January 2019

Background:Current methods used to assess glycemic control use averaged measures and provide little information on the glycemic pathology of the patients. In this article we propose visual tools and their related mathematical formulas that allow for improved characterization of the glycemic behavior and achieve better glycemic control.Methods:We present a reanalysis of published data, based on SMBG measurements from clinical trials of both men and women older than 18 years who were either healthy volunteers, prediabetes, or type 1 or type 2 diabetes. New graphic visualizations of glycemia as well as mathematical formulas that describe the glycemic behavior are presented and described, as well as suggested methods for their use to improve glycemic control.Results:Patients with different problems in their glycemic control had different histogram shapes. In addition, patients who had the same HbA1c level at the time of the trial revealed significantly different glucose histograms with different shapes, variability and glycemic burden. The derived graphic visualizations provided information about the temporal evolution of the glycemic control.Conclusions:A paradigm change of the existing model of diabetes control is proposed, shifting from standardized treatment algorithms based on HbA1c follow-up to a new controlling approach that is based on the personal glucose density histogram. The histogram is an informative, detailed tool for the current patient glycemic behavior, and a future histogram can be targeted for a successful treatment. In addition, the glucose burden and the glucose severity index are proposed as informative markers for successful treatment. This is applicable to any glycemic data, by means of invasive and noninvasive glucometers.
Urticaria pigmentosa-like skin disease in a domestic shorthair cat
Authors: Tomich Lara M , Pieper Jason B 
Published: January 2019

Case summary A 14-month-old castrated male domestic shorthair cat presented with an 8 month history of severe pruritus, alopecia, papules and excoriations. Initial evaluation and treatment prior to referral included skin scrape, cytology, two strict food trials, dermatophyte culture, and bacterial culture and sensitivity, as well as antibiotic therapy, empiric treatment for mites, steroids and ciclosporin A (Atopica; Elanco). The cat was referred to the Dermatology and Otology Clinic at the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital for further diagnostics and treatment. Skin scrapes were unremarkable. Cytology showed rare bacteria and moderate neutrophils. The cat was given an injection of triamcinolone acetonide, which was ineffective. Oclacitinib (Apoquel; Zoetis) was given for 4 weeks with no improvement. A skin biopsy was performed, and histopathology showed large numbers of well-differentiated monomorphic mast cells with fewer eosinophils that diffusely infiltrated the superficial dermis, supportive of urticaria pigmentosa. Oral dexamethasone and cetirizine hydrochloride were initiated, and the cat responded favorably. At the time of writing, the cat continues to do well on cetirizine hydrochloride with only intermittent tapering courses of dexamethasone. Relevance and novel information To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of urticaria pigmentosa in a domestic shorthair cat. This case also highlights the importance of biopsy after a thorough, systematic work-up in a cat with severe, intractable pruritus to reveal an uncommon disease pattern, as well as the efficacy of oral dexamethasone and cetirizine hydrochloride as a potential management option.
Use of Dipstick Assay and Rapid PCR-DNA Analysis of Nasal Secretions for Diagnosis of Bacterial Sinusitis in Children With Chronic Cough
Authors: Song Charles , Chorath Jeena , Pak Youngju , Redjal Nasser 
Published: January 2019

Background Chronic cough in children is a diagnostic challenge. Objective To discover the utility of nasal dipsticks and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-DNA analysis in differentiating bacterial sinusitis from other causes of chronic cough and identifying pathogens from the nasal cavity. Method We recruited 22 patients under 15 years of age with cough lasting longer than 4 weeks (group 1), 7 controls with allergic rhinitis (group 2), and 10 controls without respiratory symptoms (group 3). Based on symptoms, the results of nasal secretion assays, and nasal endoscopy, a diagnosis of clinical bacterial sinusitis was made. We identified potential pathogens by quantitative PCR of nasal secretions. Results Group 1A (cough with clinical bacterial sinusitis n = 10): Eight (80%) patients had bacterial sinusitis associated with dominant potential pathogenic bacteria (PPB): Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Group 1B (cough without clinical bacterial sinusitis n = 12): None had dominant PPB. Group 2 (allergic rhinitis n = 7): None had dominant PPB. Group 3 (asymptomatic n = 10): None had dominant PPB. Twenty to 57% of all groups were colonized with Staphylococcus aureus. Fifty to 70% were colonized with Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum, and Dolosigranulum pigrum. Conclusion In children with chronic cough, clinicians can utilize a simple and inexpensive nasal secretion dipstick assay for rapid diagnosis of sinusitis and identify PPB by DNA-PCR test for specific antibiotic treatment.
Differences and mechanisms underpinning a change in the knee flexion moment while running in stability and neutral footwear among young females
Authors: Sayer Timothy A. , Hinman Rana S. , Paterson Kade L. , Bennell Kim L. , Fortin Karine , Kasza J. , Bryant Adam L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundHigher peak external knee flexion moments (KFM) during running has been observed in healthy people wearing athletic footwear compared to barefoot, which may increase risk of knee pathologies such as patellofemoral pain. Currently, no studies have examined whether stability and neutral style athletic shoes influence the peak KFM differently, or explored the underlying biomechanical mechanisms by which footwear alters peak KFM in young females.MethodsLower limb biomechanics of sixty girls aged between 10 and 25 years old were collected while running in footwear (both stability and neutral) and barefoot. The external peak KFM, sagittal plane kinematics, sagittal plane knee ground reaction force (GRF) lever arm and sagittal plane resultant GRF magnitude were analysed by repeated measures Analysis of Variance. Linear mixed models were fit to identify predictors of a change in peak KFM, and to determine if the effects of these predictors differed between footwear conditions.ResultsThe peak KFM was higher wearing both shoe styles compared to barefoot (p < 0.001), while no between‐shoe differences were found (p > 0.05). Both shoes also increased kinematic variables at the hip, knee, and ankle (p < 0.05). When all these variables were entered into the mixed model, only a change in the knee‐GRF lever arm was predictive of a change in peak KFM wearing shoes compared to barefoot (p < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings provide evidence that stability and neutral shoes increase peak KFM compared to barefoot, which is associated with a change in the knee‐GRF lever arm rather than a change in lower limb kinematics. Future studies may consider manipulating footwear characteristics to reduce the knee‐GRF lever arm in an effort to reduce peak KFM and the potential risk of patellofemoral pain.
Impact of Accuracy of Survival Predictions on Quality of End-of-Life Care Among Patients With Metastatic Cancer Who Receive Radiation Therapy
Authors: Sborov Katherine , Giaretta Stephanie , Koong Amanda , Aggarwal Sonya , Aslakson Rebecca , Gensheimer Michael F. , Chang Daniel T. , Pollom Erqi L. 
Published: January 2019

PURPOSE:For patients treated with palliative radiation, we examined the association between life expectancy predictions by radiation oncologists and aggressive end-of-life care.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We included decedents from a study that assessed the ability of oncologists to predict survival of patients with metastatic cancer who received radiation. We identified patients who died within 12 months of study enrollment to assess accuracy of predictions. Aggressive end-of-life care was defined by the National Quality Forum, ASCO Quality Oncology Practice Initiative metrics, and advanced radiation modalities in the last month of life. Survival predictions were categorized as follows: correct (< 12 months), 12 to 18 months, 18 to 24 months, and more than 24 months. We assessed association between prediction and aggressive end-of-life care using a generalized estimation equation.RESULTS:Of 489 decedents, we identified 467 encounters with survival estimates. Overall, 156 decedents (32%) met at least one metric of aggressive end-of-life care. Factors associated with aggressive end-of-life care included younger age, female sex, primary cancer diagnosis, no brain metastases, and private insurance. In each encounter when an oncologist predicted survival, 363 predictions (78%) were correct (< 12 months), 54 (11%) incorrectly predicted 12 to 18 months, 27 (6%) predicted 18 to 24 months, and 23 (5%) predicted more than 24 months. Compared with patients who had encounters that had correct survival predictions, patients predicted to live more than 24 months were more likely to meet at least one metric of aggressive end-of-life care (odds ratio, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.09 to 5.99; P = .03).CONCLUSION:Inaccurate survival predictions by oncologists are associated with more aggressive end-of-life care for patients with advanced cancer.