bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal alcohol exposure affects brain function during place learning in a virtual environment differently in boys and girls
Authors: Woods Keri J. , Thomas Kevin G. F. , Molteno Christopher D. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Meintjes Ernesta M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionAlthough performance deficits in place learning have been reported in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD), neural correlates of these deficits have not been investigated. This functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of 57 children (41 alcohol‐exposed; 16 controls; mean age = 9.4 years; 29 boys) examined effects of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on place learning in a virtual environment, the computer‐generated (CG) arena.MethodsFunctional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired while children passively viewed a recording of an experimenter completing the task. Visible‐target blocks involved navigation to a visible platform. During invisible‐target blocks, the platform appeared only when the experimenter moved over it. After the scan, all children performed a post‐test during which they had to navigate to the location of the invisible platform.ResultsAlthough there were no group differences in post‐test performance for sex or FASD diagnosis, PAE in boys was associated with poorer performance and reduced activation in the parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), precuneus, posterior cingulate, frontal and temporal lobes, caudate, insula, claustrum, lentiform nucleus, and thalamus. By contrast, PAE was not associated with performance or activation in any regions in girls.Discussion and conclusionGirls and boys are known to use different navigation strategies. Boys rely more on an allocentric navigational strategy and girls more on landmarks. Poorer recruitment of the PHG, a region known to mediate allocentric navigation, in more heavily exposed boys may explain the observed dose‐dependent place learning deficit. The absence of PAE effects in girls suggests that landmark‐based navigational strategies may be less affected by alcohol exposure.
Lexical based automated teaching evaluation via students’ short reviews
Authors: Lin Qika , Zhu Yifan , Zhang Sifan , Shi Pengfei , Guo Qing , Niu Zhendong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStudent evaluations of teaching (SET) have become a popular approach to assess faculties’ teaching. Question‐score‐based questionnaire is the most common SET measure adopted in universities. However, it fails to cover important facets of teaching process that not mentioned in the predefined questionnaire, which can be substantially obtained from students’ short reviews. In this paper, we propose two lexical‐based methods, specifically knowledge‐based and machine learning‐based, to automatically extract opinions from short reviews. Furthermore, the diversity of reviews’ themes and styles of same sentiment polarity reviews can be observed from the extracted opinion results. The experimental results show that the proposed methods are able to achieve accuracies of 78.13 and 84.78%, respectively in the task of student review sentiment classification. Further investigation on linguistic features shows that reviews with same sentiment polarity shares similar language patterns. Finally, we present an application scenario in real SET process by utilizing aforementioned methods and discoveries.
Early PET‐CT in patients with pathological stage III colon cancer may improve their outcome: Results from a large retrospective study
Authors: Moore Assaf , Ulitsky Olga , Ben‐Aharon Irit , Perl Gali , Kundel Yulia , Sarfaty Michal , Lewin Ron , Domachevsky Liran , Bernstine Hanna , Groshar David , Wasserberg Nir , Kashtan Hanoch , Gordon Noa , Sulkes Aaron , Brenner Baruch 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundCurrent staging of pathological stage III colon cancer (CC) is suboptimal; many patients recur despite unremarkable preoperative staging. We previously reported that early postoperative PET‐CT can alter the stage and management of up to 15% of patients with high‐risk stage III CC. This study aimed to determine the role of the test in the general stage III CC population.MethodsA retrospective study of all consecutive patients with stage III CC who underwent early postoperative PET‐CT between 2005 and 2017.ResultsA total of 342 patients, 166 (48.5%) males, median age 66 years (range, 29‐90), were included. Pathological stage was IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC in 18 (5.3%), 257 (75.1%), and 67 (19.6%) patients, respectively. Median number of positive lymph nodes was 2 (range, 0‐32). PET‐CT results modified the management of 46 patients (13.4%): 37 (10.8%) with overt metastatic disease and 9 (2.6%) with a second primary. The 5‐year disease‐free survival for true stage III patients was 81%. The median overall survival for the entire cohort and for true stage III patients was not reached and was 57.2 months for true stage IV. Of the 37 patients found to be metastatic, 14 (37.8%) underwent curative treatments and 9/14 (64.3%) remain disease‐free, with a median follow‐up of 83.8 months. Predictive factors for upstaging following PET‐CT were identified.ConclusionEarly postoperative PET‐CT changed the staging and treatment of 13.4% of stage III CC patients and has the potential for early detection of curable metastatic disease. Outcome results are encouraging. Prospective validation is ongoing.
Characterization of Schinus lentiscifoliusMarchand (Anacardiaceae) Bark Extract and Its Effects on Lymphocyte Oxidative Stress and Heat Shock Response
Authors: Bandeira Corrêa Jéssyca , Pezzini Moreira Bárbara , Lohmanm Larissa , Machado Sulzbacher Lucas , Bender dos Santos Analú , Ruiz Antonieta , Stela Ludwig Mirna , Hirsch Gabriela Elisa , Santos Cledir , Seibel Gehrke Ilaine Teresinha , Gomes Heck Thiago 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSchinus lentiscifolius Marchand has been used in folk medicine to treat immunoinflammatory related diseases, which are marked by OS and altered HSR. Our study aimed to evaluate OS and HSR in lymphocytes treated with S. lentiscifolius bark extracts. S. lentiscifolius barks were partitioned with solvents to obtain hexane (SL‐HEX), ethyl acetate (SL‐ACOET) and methanol (SL‐MEOH) extracts, and the presence of bioactive compounds was evaluated by thin layer chromatography. Total phenols were measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method and flavonoids were identified by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS. Antioxidant capacity was verified by DPPH method, cell viability by Trypan Blue method, lipid peroxidation by TBARS and HSP70 by immunoblotting. The SL‐ACOET extract presented higher content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in vitro. It was able to reduce lipid peroxidation levels in lymphocytes induced by H2O2 and improved cell viability. The SL‐ACOET extract inhibited HSR by a decrease in both intracellular content and release of 70 kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70) and also by decrease extra‐to‐intracellular HSP70 ratio in lymphocytes submitted to heat shock (2 h, 41 °C). S. lentiscifolius bark extract has antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect on HSR probably due to the presence of polyphenols as the flavonoids quercetin and kaempferol.
Long‐term outcomes of carotid artery stenting in patients with a contralateral carotid artery occlusion
Authors: Cotter Ryan , Kokkinidis Damianos G. , Choy Ho‐Hin , Singh Gagan D. , Rogers R. Kevin , Waldo Stephen W. , Laird John R. , Armstrong Ehrin J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the association between a contralateral carotid artery occlusion (CCO) and the rates of subsequent target‐lesion restenosis and revascularization after carotid artery stenting (CAS).BackgroundPatients with carotid artery disease undergoing revascularization often have a CCO. The association of a CCO with long‐term outcomes after CAS is uncertain.MethodsAt two institutions, 267 CAS procedures were performed from 2006 to 2016 including 47 (18%) with a CCO. Regular follow‐up with duplex carotid ultrasound was performed to assess for restenosis. Univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the presence of a CCO and repeat revascularization.ResultsThe mean patient age was 70 years. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in procedural indication (asymptomatic vs ischemic symptoms) or medical comorbidities between groups. During 5‐year follow up, the rate of duplex‐derived >80% stenosis was 6% in the non‐CCO group and 9% in the CCO group (P = 0.45). Despite similar rates of >80% restenosis, there was a significant association between CCO and subsequent target‐lesion revascularization (TLR), with rates of 6.4% vs 0.9% at 5 years (HR 7.2, confidence interval (CI) 1.2–43, P = 0.04). There were no significant differences between groups in the 5‐year rates of stroke (4.3% in CCO group vs 4.5% in non‐CCO group, HR 0.53, CI 0.07–4.22, P = 1.0) or MACCE (15% vs 18%, HR 0.55, CI 0.2–1.55, P = 0.68).ConclusionsPatients undergoing CAS with a CCO were more likely to undergo TLR during long‐term follow up, but they did not have any differences in procedural success or short‐ and long‐term outcomes.
Understanding the Role of Nano‐Aluminum Oxide in All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Judez Xabier , Eshetu Gebrekidan G. , Gracia Ismael , López‐Aranguren Pedro , González‐Marcos José A. , Armand Michel , Rodriguez‐Martinez Lide M. , Zhang Heng , Li Chunmei 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAluminum oxide (Al2O3) is a well‐known electrolyte filler for stabilizing the Li‐metal (Li0) anode in all‐solid‐state Li0‐based batteries. However, its strong interactions with lithium polysulfides (PS) hinder the direct application of Al2O3‐added electrolytes in all‐solid‐state lithium‐sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs). Herein, the role of Al2O3 in ASSLSBs both as electrolyte filler and cathode additive is studied. The combination of Al2O3‐added electrolyte and Al2O3‐added S8 cathode with optimum cell configuration could deliver an unprecedented discharge capacity of 0.85 mAh cm−2 (C/10, 30 cycles) for polymer‐based ASSLSBs. These results suggest that the rational incorporation of Al2O3 can lead simultaneously to PS anchoring and Li0 anode stabilizing benefits from the ceramic filler, thus improving the electrochemical performance of ASSLSBs.
Metabolomic correlates of aerobic capacity among elderly adults
Authors: Koh Angela S. , Gao Fei , Tan Ru S. , Zhong Liang , Leng Shuang , Zhao Xiaodan , Fridianto Kevin T. , Ching Jianhong , Lee Si Y. , Keng Bryan M. H. , Yeo Tee Joo , Tan Shu Y. , Tan Hong C. , Lim Chin T. , Koh Woon‐Puay , Kovalik Jean‐Paul 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundAerobic capacity is a powerful predictor of cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality, and it declines with advancing age.HypothesisSince physical activity alters body metabolism, metabolism markers will likely differ between subjects with high vs low aerobic capacities.MethodsCommunity‐based participants without physician‐diagnosed heart disease, stroke or cancer underwent same‐day multimodal assessment of cardiovascular function (by echocardiography and magnetic resonance feature tracking of left atrium) and aerobic capacity by peak oxygen uptake (VO2) metrics. Associations between VO2 and cardiovascular and metabolomics profiles were studied in adjusted models including standard covariates.ResultsWe studied 141 participants, of whom 82 (58.2%) had low VO2, while 59 (41.8%) had high VO2. Compared to participants with high VO2, participants with low VO2 had more adverse cardiovascular parameters, such as lower ratio of peak velocity flow in early diastole to peak velocity flow in late diastole by atrial contraction of >0.8 (76% vs 35%, adjusted odd ratio [OR] = 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.7‐9.5], P = 0.001) and lower left atrial conduit strain (11.3 ± 4.0 vs 15.6 ± 6.1%, adjusted OR = 1.1, 95% CI [1.002‐1.3], P = 0.045). High VO2 was associated with lower accumulation of wide‐spectrum acyl‐carnitines (OR = 0.6, 95% CI [0.4‐0.9], P = 0.013), alanine (OR = 0.1, 95% CI [0.01‐0.9], P = 0.044) and glutamine /glutamate (OR = 0.1, 95% CI [0.01‐0.5], P = 0.007), compared to low VO2.ConclusionElderly adults with low VO2 have adverse cardiovascular and metabolic parameters compared to their counterparts with high VO2. Combined cardiac and metabolomics phenotyping may be a promising tool to provide insights into physiological states, useful for tracking future interventions related to physical activity among community cohorts.
Cytologic patterns of cervical adenocarcinomas with emphasis on factors associated with underdiagnosis
Authors: Conrad Rachel D. , Liu Angela H. , Wentzensen Nicolas , Zhang Roy R. , Dunn S. Terence , Wang Sophia S. , Schiffman Mark , Gold Michael A. , Walker Joan L. , Zuna Rosemary E. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundNew cervical cancers continue to be diagnosed despite the success of Papanicolaou (Pap) tests. In an effort to identify pitfalls that limit the diagnosis of adenocarcinoma, the authors reviewed the cytologic characteristics of endocervical adenocarcinomas in their patient population.MethodsLiquid‐based cytology slides from 45 women who had concurrent, histologically confirmed cervical adenocarcinomas were reviewed retrospectively and semiquantitatively for 25 key cytologic traits. The original sign‐out diagnosis, available clinical findings, and high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) results also were noted.ResultsAbundant tumor cellularity, nuclear size from 3 to 6 times normal, abundant 3‐dimensional tumor cell groups, round cell shape, and cytoplasmic neutrophils characterized the 23 cases that were identified correctly as adenocarcinomas. Key reasons for undercalls included low tumor cellularity and low‐grade columnar morphology; these also tended to correlate with low‐grade or unusual adenocarcinoma variants on histology. Overall, 73% of adenocarcinomas had a concurrent positive HR HPV test.ConclusionsMost endocervical adenocarcinomas can be diagnosed accurately in cases with classical features, but some cases continue to be problematic when evaluated based on cytologic features alone. Reflex HPV testing may help increase Pap test sensitivity for challenging cases that have atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance. Occasional cases with negative HR HPV test results remain of concern.
Computer microscopic test study on the suitability of modified polyimide grease used to improve collapsible loess railway subgrade
Authors: Zhao Meng , Chen Liyi , Wu Honggang , Guo Wei , Ye Changwen 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe stability and permeability of the collapsible loess are poor, and the infiltrated water in the loess is difficult to drain out. Due to the dynamic loads induced by trains, the collapsible loess railway subgrade is prone to instability and liquefaction. In this paper, an organic polymer material, Modified Polyimide Grease (MPG) produced was proposed to treat the collapsible loess railway subgrade. The scanning electron microscope, FTIR, and X‐ray diffraction methods were used on the study of the mechanism of MPG. The results indicated that an optimum MPG content of 2.5%, approximately 3 day, could achieve the highest strength and result in the best softening coefficient. After being treated by MPG, the permeability of the loess samples was slightly decreased compared to that of untreated samples, which indicated MPG could improve the strength of the loess without significantly reducing its permeability. This property was suitable for the subject MPG treated loess subgrade to achieve a reasonable drainage. Besides, it is observed that some portions of pores in loess samples were filled by MPG and the strength between the particles was increased. The research results indicated that MPG is a suitable material to improve collapsible loess railway subgrade in the subject area.
Extending smart containers for data locality‐aware skeleton programming
Authors: Ernstsson August , Kessler Christoph 
Published: October 2018

SummaryWe present an extension for the SkePU skeleton programming framework to improve the performance of sequences of transformations on smart containers. By using lazy evaluation, SkePU records skeleton invocations and dependencies as directed by smart container operands. When a partial result is required by a different part of the program, the run‐time system will process the entire lineage of skeleton invocations; tiling is applied to keep chunks of container data in the working set for the whole sequence of transformations. The approach is inspired by big data frameworks operating on large clusters where good data locality is crucial. We also consider benefits other than data locality with the increased run‐time information given by the lineage structures, such as backend selection for heterogeneous systems. Experimental evaluation of example applications shows potential for performance improvements due to better cache utilization, as long as the overhead of lineage construction and management is kept low.
Cobalt Entrapped in N,S‐Codoped Porous Carbon: Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation with Formic Acid
Authors: Guo Haotian , Gao Ruixiao , Sun Mingming , Guo Hao , Wang Bowei , Chen Ligong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCatalysts with Co nanoparticles (NPs) entrapped in N,S‐codoped carbon shells were successfully fabricated by pyrolysis of porous organic polymers (POPs) with cobalt salts. The encapsulated structure consisting of Co NPs and N,S‐codoped carbon layers was verified by TEM, XRD, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The catalysts displayed excellent activity and stability for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of nitrobenzene with formic acid under base‐free conditions. Furthermore, the resultant catalysts allowed for highly efficient and selective transfer hydrogenation of various functionalized nitroarenes to the corresponding anilines. Through control experiments, the covered Co NPs were identified as active sites for CTH. The incorporation of S into the N‐doped carbon lattice promoted the electron transfer from metallic cobalt NPs to their shells, which played a significant role in the acceleration of CTH. Moreover, the Co‐NSPC‐850 catalyst pyrolyzed at 850 °C showed excellent stability in the recycling experiments.
A multidecade experiment shows that fertilization by salmon carcasses enhanced tree growth in the riparian zone
Authors: Quinn Thomas P. , Helfield James M. , Austin Catherine S. , Hovel Rachel A. , Bunn Andrew G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs they return to spawn and die in their natal streams, anadromous, semelparous fishes such as Pacific salmon import marine‐derived nutrients to otherwise nutrient‐poor freshwater and riparian ecosystems. Diverse organisms exploit this resource, and previous studies have indicated that riparian tree growth may be enhanced by such marine‐derived nutrients. However, these studies were largely inferential and did not account for all factors affecting tree growth. As an experimental test of the contribution of carcasses to tree growth, for 20 yr, we systematically deposited all sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) carcasses (217,055 individual salmon) in the riparian zone on one bank of a 2‐km‐long stream in southwestern Alaska, reducing carcass accumulation on one bank and enhancing it on the other. After accounting for partial consumption and movement of carcasses by brown bears (Ursus arctos) and variation in salmon abundance and body size, we estimated that 267,620 kg of salmon were deposited on the enhanced bank and 45,200 kg on the depleted bank over the 20 yr, for a 5.9‐fold difference in total mass. In 2016, we sampled needles of 84 white spruce trees (Picea glauca) the dominant riparian tree species, for foliar nitrogen (N) content and stable isotope ratios (δ15N), and took core samples for annual growth increments. Stable isotope analysis indicated that marine‐derived N was incorporated into the new growth of the trees on the enhanced bank. Analysis of tree cores indicated that in the two decades prior to our enhancement experiment, trees on the south‐facing (subsequently the depleted) bank grew faster than those on the north‐facing (later enhanced) bank. This difference was reduced significantly during the two decades of fertilization, indicating an effect of the carcass transfer experiment against the background of other factors affecting tree growth.
Changes in pulmonary artery pressure before and after left ventricular assist device implantation in patients utilizing remote haemodynamic monitoring
Authors: Kilic Ahmet , Katz Jason N. , Joseph Susan M. , Brisco‐Bacik Meredith A. , Uriel Nir , Lima Brian , Agarwal Rahul , Bharmi Rupinder , Farrar David J. , Lee Sangjin ,   Evolving Mechanical Support Research Group (EMERG) Investigators
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimsThe time course of changes in pulmonary artery (PA) pressure due to left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) is not well understood. Here, we describe longitudinal haemodynamic trends during the peri‐LVAD implantation period in patients previously implanted with a remote monitoring PA pressure sensor.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively studied PA pressure trends in patients implanted with CardioMEMS™ PA pressure sensor between October 2007 and March 2017 who subsequently had an LVAD procedure. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and P‐values are calculated using standard t‐test with equal variance. Among 436 patients in cohort, 108 (age 58 ± 11 years, 82% male) received an LVAD and 328 (age 60 ± 13 years, 70% male) did not. The mean PA pressure at sensor implant was higher by 29% (P < 0.001) among patients who later received LVAD. Mean PA pressure 6 months prior to LVAD implant was 35.5 ± 8.5 mmHg, increasing to 39.4 ± 9.9 mmHg (P = 0.04) at 4 weeks before LVAD, and then decreasing 27% to 28.8 ± 8.4 mmHg (P < 0.001) at 3 months post‐implant and stabilizing at 31.0 ± 9.4 mmHg at 1 year.ConclusionsPatients who later receive LVADs have higher PA pressures at sensor implant and show a further increase leading up to LVAD implantation. There is a significant reduction of PA pressures post‐LVAD implantation that persists long term. PA pressure monitoring may aid in the clinical decision making of timing for LVAD implantation and in management of LVAD patients.