bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Birth weight and cardiac function assessed by echocardiography in adolescence: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Timpka S. , Hughes A. D. , Chaturvedi N. , Franks P. W. , Lawlor D. A. , Rich‐Edwards J. W. , Fraser A. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveMaternal hemodynamics in pregnancy is associated with fetal growth and birth weight, which in turn are associated with offspring cardiovascular disease later in life. The aim of this study was to quantify the extent to which birth weight is associated with cardiac structure and function in adolescence.MethodsA subset of offspring (n = 1964; 55% female) of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were examined with echocardiography at a mean age of 17.7 (SD, 0.3) years. The associations of birth‐weight Z‐score for sex and gestational age with cardiac structure (assessed by relative wall thickness, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left atrial diameter index), systolic function (assessed by ejection fraction and left ventricular wall velocity) and diastolic function (assessed by early/late mitral inflow velocity (E/A) and early mitral inflow velocity/mitral annular early diastolic velocity (E/e′)) were evaluated. Linear regression models were adjusted for several potential confounders, including maternal prepregnancy body mass index, age, level of education and smoking during pregnancy.ResultsHigher birth‐weight Z‐score was associated with lower E/A (mean difference, −0.024; 95% CI, −0.043 to −0.005) and E/e′ (mean difference, −0.05; 95% CI, −0.10 to −0.001) and higher LVMI (mean difference, 0.38 g/m2.7; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.67). There was no or inconsistent evidence of associations of birth‐weight Z‐score with relative wall thickness, left atrial diameter and measurements of systolic function. Further analyses suggested that the association between birth‐weight Z‐score and LVMI was driven mainly by an association observed in participants born small‐for‐gestational age and it did not persist when risk factors in adolescence were accounted for.ConclusionsHigher birth weight adjusted for sex and gestational age was associated with differences in measures of diastolic function in adolescence, but the observed associations were small. It remains to be determined the extent to which these associations translate into increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease later in life. © 2018 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Aristotle and Alexander of Aphrodisias on Colour
Authors: Ierodiakonou Katerina 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to unravel Aristotle’s reasoning with regard to the ontological status of colours; also, to get a better understanding of his views on the production of the whole spectrum of colours; and finally, to evaluate the explanatory power of his theory of colours. The texts I mainly draw my evidence from is Aristotle’s De sensu 3 and the relevant passages from the De anima as well as from other Aristotelian treatises; in addition, I use for my interpretation remarks made by Alexander of Aphrodisias in his commentary on the De sensu, in his Quaestiones and in the dubious treatise Mantissa.
Fragranced consumer products: effects on autistic adults in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom
Authors: Steinemann Anne 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Fragranced consumer products, such as cleaning supplies, air fresheners, and personal care products, can have adverse effects on both air quality and health. This study investigates the effects of fragranced products on autistic individuals ages 18–65 in the United States, Australia, and United Kingdom. Nationally representative population surveys (n = 1137; 1098; 1100) found that, across the three countries, 4.3% of adults (n = 142) report medically diagnosed autism (2.3%), an autism spectrum disorder (2.4%), or both. Of these autistic adults, 83.7% report adverse health effects from fragranced products, including migraine headaches (42.9%), neurological problems (34.3%), respiratory problems (44.7%), and asthma attacks (35.9%). In particular, 62.9% of autistic adults report health problems from air fresheners or deodorizers, 57.5% from the scent of laundry products coming from a dryer vent, 65.9% from being in a room cleaned with scented products, and 60.5% from being near someone wearing a fragranced product. Health problems can be severe, with 74.1% of these effects considered potentially disabling under legislation in each country. Further, 59.4% of autistic adults have lost workdays or lost a job, in the past year, due to fragranced product exposure in the workplace. More than twice as many autistic as well as non-autistic individuals would prefer that workplaces, health care facilities, and health care professionals were fragrance-free rather than fragranced. Results show that vulnerable individuals, such as those with autism or autism spectrum disorders, can be profoundly, adversely, and disproportionately affected by exposure to fragranced consumer products.
Poor Health Reporting? Using Anchoring Vignettes to Uncover Health Disparities by Wealth and Race
Authors: Rossouw Laura , Bago d’Uva Teresa , van Doorslaer Eddy 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In spite of the wide disparities in wealth and in objective health measures like mortality, observed inequality by wealth in self-reported health appears to be nearly nonexistent in low- to middle-income settings. To determine the extent to which this is driven by reporting tendencies, we use anchoring vignettes to test and correct for reporting heterogeneity in health among elderly South Africans. Significant reporting differences across wealth groups are detected. Poorer individuals rate the same health state description more positively than richer individuals. Only after we correct for these differences does a significant and substantial health disadvantage of the poor emerge. We also find that health inequality and reporting heterogeneity are confounded by race. Within race groups—especially among black Africans and to a lesser degree among whites—heterogeneous reporting leads to an underestimation of health inequalities between richest and poorest. More surprisingly, we also show that the correction may go in the opposite direction: the apparent black African (vs. white) health disadvantage within the top wealth quintile almost disappears after we correct for reporting tendencies. Such large shifts and even reversals of health gradients have not been documented in previous studies on reporting bias in health inequalities. The evidence for South Africa, with its history of racial segregation and socioeconomic inequality, highlights that correction for reporting matters greatly when using self-reported health measures in countries with such wide disparities.
Looking at Population Health Beyond “Male” and “Female”: Implications of Transgender Identity and Gender Nonconformity for Population Health
Authors: Lagos Danya 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Looking beyond binary measurements of “male” or “female” can illuminate health inequality patterns that correspond to gender identity rather than biological sex. This study examines disparities in overall health among transgender men, transgender women, gender-nonconforming adults, and cisgender (nontransgender) men and women in the U.S. population. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 32 U.S. states and territories between 2014 and 2016 yield an analytic sample that identifies 2,229 transgender and gender-nonconforming adults and 516,753 cisgender adults. Estimates from logistic regression models, using cisgender men as a reference group, show that gender-nonconforming respondents have significantly higher odds of reporting poor self-rated health than any other gender identity group. Transgender men also display higher odds of reporting poor health in some models, corresponding to their relative socioeconomic disadvantage. I find no apparent health disadvantage among transgender women and a persistent, if slight, disadvantage among cisgender women. Gender-nonconforming respondents’ predicted probabilities of reporting poor health remain nearly twice as high as those of cisgender men after adjustments for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors. Their persistent patterns of health-related disadvantage underscore the need for higher-quality data on gender-nonconforming respondents that account for sex assigned at birth.
A longitudinal exploration of the relationship between pornography use and sexual permissiveness in female and male adolescents
Authors: Martyniuk Urszula , Štulhofer Aleksandar 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere are concerns that pornography use increases adolescents' sexual permissiveness, leading to sexual risk‐taking. In contrast to most longitudinal explorations of the relationship between adolescent pornography use and sexual permissiveness, which were carried out in highly liberal and permissive societies, we aimed to re‐assess the target relationship in a more traditional, highly religious society.MethodsInformed by the social learning and selective exposure theoretical underpinnings, we used two independent panels of Croatian female and male adolescents (on average 16 years old) to assess the association over 18 and 24 months. Online surveying was used in the Zagreb (n = 372) and classroom‐based surveying in the Rijeka panels (n = 753).ResultsParticipants reported relatively low levels of permissiveness, but substantial pornography use—particularly adolescent men. Contrary to earlier studies, we observed no significant paths leading from pornography use to sexual permissiveness. The paths leading from sexual permissiveness to pornography use were significant only among female participants in the Zagreb sample and male participants in the Rijeka sample. However, significant and positive covariances between the two constructs suggested the role of unobserved variables.ConclusionsIn line with the selective exposure hypothesis and the integrative models, this study's findings challenge the notion that pornography use increases sexual permissiveness among adolescents. Although this is reassuring, comprehensive sexuality education and media literacy programs remain important tasks for educational policy in the Information age.
Fasting glucose and its association with 20‐year all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in Chinese general population
Authors: Zhou Long , Mai Jin‐Zhuang , Li Ying , Wu Yong , Guo Min , Gao Xiang‐Min , Wu Yang‐Feng , Zhao Lian‐Cheng , Liu Xiao‐Qing 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between fasting glucose levels and all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in Chinese population.MethodsThe role of fasting blood glucose levels as a predictor of all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality was estimated in 9930 participants from four Chinese general populations with a 20‐year follow‐up. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used to identify the relationship between fasting glucose and mortality.ResultsThere were 1471 deaths after a median follow‐up of 20.2 years (a total of 187,374 person‐years), including 310 cardiovascular deaths, 581 cancer deaths, and 580 other‐cause deaths. After adjustment for age, sex, urban or rural, northern or southern of China, types of work, education level, physical exercise, smoking status, drinking status, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and serum total cholesterol at baseline, the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all‐cause mortality in the fasting blood glucose categories of <60, 60–69, 70–79, 90–99, 100–109, 110–125, and ≥126 mg/dl were 1.38 (1.04–1.84), 1.20 (1.01–1.43), 1.18 (1.03–1.36), 1.18 (0.99–1.41), 1.48 (1.16–1.88), 1.17 (0.84–1.62), and 2.23 (1.72–2.90), respectively, in contrast to the reference group (80–89 mg/dl). The HRs and 95% CIs for cardiovascular disease mortality in these groups were 2.58 (1.44–4.61), 1.41 (0.95–2.10), 1.56 (1.15–2.11), 1.29 (0.88–1.89), 1.36 (0.78–2.37), 1.05 (0.52–2.11), and 2.73 (1.64–4.56), respectively.ConclusionsBoth low and high fasting glucose were significantly associated with increased risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality in Chinese general population.
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Reducing Opioid Prescriptions to Patients with Chronic Pain in a Spinal Cord Injury Center
Authors: Brose Steven W. , Schneck Heather , Bourbeau Dennis J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing use of prescription opioids has contributed to the epidemic of opioid abuse in the United States. Efforts to reduce opioid prescriptions and offer alternatives for pain management are needed.ObjectiveTo determine the success of a multidisciplinary project to manage chronic pain while reducing reliance on opioids in a population of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingThis study was conducted in an SCI system of care in northeast Ohio.ParticipantsIndividuals with SCI receiving outpatient care were included.InterventionsClinicians in SCI and pain management specialties developed a plan to manage individuals with SCI, particularly for individuals using opioids, including physical, occupational, recreational, and vocational therapy. These services worked closely with the SCI physicians when chronic pain was identified to help better medically manage their pathology and support efforts to decrease opioid use in a multipronged approach.Main OutcomesThe primary outcome measures from opioid prescription data from 2008 to 2016 were the percent of outpatients receiving opioids, opioid prescription rates, and opioid prescription doses over time.ResultsThe percentage of outpatients receiving opioids and the number of opioid prescriptions through the outpatient service significantly decreased, from 39% to 16% and from 2.5 to 1.5 prescriptions per patient per quarter, respectively, correlating with the introduction of the multidisciplinary interventions. The total morphine equivalent quantities of prescription medications, particularly nonmethadone opioids, also decreased significantly.ConclusionsThe multidisciplinary interventional approach was associated with marked decreases in the percentage of patients receiving opioids and the amounts of opioids being prescribed. This reduction could have a significant impact on the opioid crisis.Level of EvidenceIV
Environmental and Wilderness-Related Risk Factors for Histoplasmosis: More Than Bats in Caves
Authors: Diaz James H. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction Histoplasma capsulatum is a dimorphic fungus that causes histoplasmosis, a sporadic endemic mycosis with environmental, occupational, and wilderness exposure-related risk factors. The objectives of this review are to describe these risk factors, to alert clinicians to the different presenting manifestations of histoplasmosis, and to recommend effective management and prevention strategies. Methods Internet search engines were queried with keywords to select articles for review over the study period, 1950 to 2018. Articles selected for review included case series, epidemiologic analyses of surveillance data, clinical and laboratory updates, immunologic investigations, and observational and longitudinal studies. Articles excluded from review included systemic mycosis reviews and clinicopathologic conference reports. Results The principal transmission mechanism of histoplasmosis is by inhalation of spores aerosolized by soil disruption, resulting in pneumonic infections ranging from asymptomatic to disseminated. Although histoplasmosis is more common in endemic regions, nonendemic regions have reported increasing autochthonous and imported cases. Immunocompromised persons are at significantly increased risks of contracting histoplasmosis. Environmental and wilderness-related risk factors for histoplasmosis include bird and bat watching, cave and cave entrance exploration, and bamboo removal and burning. Occupational risk factors for histoplasmosis include road construction, roofing, bridge and water tower work, demolition, and masonry. Conclusions Histoplasmosis can result in considerable morbidity. Increased awareness of disease risk factors among the public and the international healthcare community will improve the timely diagnosis and treatment of histoplasmosis and prevent disease progression and dissemination.
Renormalization in the golden-mean semi-Siegel Hénon family: universality and non-rigidity
Authors: YANG JONGUK 
Published: September 2018

It was recently shown in Gaidashev and Yampolsky [Golden mean Siegel disk universality and renormalization. Preprint, 2016, arXiv:1604.00717] that appropriately defined renormalizations of a sufficiently dissipative golden-mean semi-Siegel Hénon map converge super-exponentially fast to a one-dimensional renormalization fixed point. In this paper, we show that the asymptotic two-dimensional form of these renormalizations is universal and is parameterized by the average Jacobian. This is similar to the limit behavior of period-doubling renormalizations in the Hénon family considered in de Carvalho et al [Renormalization in the Hénon family, I: universality but non-rigidity. J. Stat. Phys.121 (5/6) (2006), 611–669]. As an application of our result, we prove that the boundary of the golden-mean Siegel disk of a dissipative Hénon map is non-smoothly rigid.
Gender-informed psycho-educational programme to promote respectful relationships and reduce postpartum common mental disorders among primiparous women: long-term follow-up of participants in a community-based cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Fisher Jane , Tran Thach , Wynter Karen , Hiscock Harriet , Bayer Jordana , Rowe Heather 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundWhat Were We Thinking (WWWT) is a gender-informed, psychoeducational programme to promote respectful relationships and skilled management of unsettled infant behaviours and thereby reduce postpartum common mental disorders. It comprises a highly structured seminar for couples and babies, usual primary care from a WWWT-trained nurse and take-home print materials. The aim was to assess long-term outcomes after a cluster randomised controlled trial of WWWT.MethodTrial participants who consented completed a computer-assisted telephone interview 18 months postpartum. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms with the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7). Impacts of baseline characteristics and trial arm on changes in scores from baseline to follow-up were calculated using Conditional Latent Growth Curve Models adjusting for prognostic indicators and controlling for clustering effects.ResultsOverall, 314/400 (78.5%) women contributed data at baseline (6 weeks postpartum), trial endline (26 weeks postpartum) and follow-up (12 months after trial endline). In intention-to-treat analyses, there was a significantly greater improvement in adjusted GAD-7 scores [regression coefficient (RC) −0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.94 to −0.17] and non-significant improvement (RC −0.27; 95% CI −0.63 to 0.08) in PHQ-9 scores from baseline to follow-up in the intervention than the control arm. In a per-protocol analysis, the proportion with GAD-7 scores ⩽4 (asymptomatic) improved 24.1% (55.7% baseline to 79.8% follow-up,p= 0.043) among women who received the full WWWT programme, which included the seminar, compared with 2.4% (77.1–79.5%,p= 0.706) among those who received the partial intervention (usual care from WWWT-trained nurse and print materials).ConclusionsThe WWWT programme has a significant sustained beneficial impact on postnatal generalised anxiety among primiparous women compared with usual care. The in-person seminar is the most influential component of the intervention. Psycho-educational programmes integrated into primary care appear promising as a strategy to reduce postpartum common mental disorders.
Using ‘Smart’ Technology to Aid in Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Examining an Innovative Way to Monitor and Improve Quit Attempt Outcomes
Authors: Morriscey Carol , Shephard Aaron , van Houdt Anouk , Kerr David , Barrett Sean P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionRecently, smartphone applications (apps) have been used as smoking cessation aids. Interactive apps appear to more effective than non-interactive apps. SmokeBeat, a smartphone app used in conjunction with a smartwatch, aims to detect smoking events, interact with the user as they occur and potentially stop smoking events before they occur in the future.AimsThe purpose of this feasibility study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of SmokeBeat in detecting smoking events.MethodsThe feasibility of using the app as a smoking cessation aid was tested over a 2-week period by daily, dependent smokers. SmokeBeat's cigarette detection rate was measured in laboratory sessions both before and after the 2-week period. Fisher's exact test was used to compare detection rates from each session.Results/FindingsThe detection rate was 22.5% during session 1 and 41.7% during session 2. Once technological issues were controlled for (i.e., signal loss between smartphone and smartwatch), SmokeBeat's detection rate improved over the 2-week period, resulting in a 100% detection rate.ConclusionsApps which can detect smoking events in real time present an opportunity for a proactive and interactive smoking cessation aid – a potentially useful tool for individuals attempting to quit smoking.
Testing Pollen Sorted by Flow Cytometry as the Basis for High-Resolution Lacustrine Chronologies
Authors: Zimmerman Susan R H , Brown Thomas A , Hassel Christiane , Heck Jessica 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTDocumenting leads and lags in terrestrial records of past climate change is critical to understanding the behavior of Earth’s natural climate system and making reliable predictions of future climate conditions. However, uncertainties of several hundred years in age models make it difficult to distinguish synchronicity and feedbacks in paleo archives. In lakes this is often due to the lack of terrestrial macrofossils in climate-sensitive locations, such as high alpine or dryland settings. The potential of radiocarbon (14C) dating of pollen has long been recognized, but the difficulty of cleanly separating pollen from other kinds of organic carbon has limited its usefulness. Here we report14C ages on pollen separated by flow cytometry, from a set of closely spaced samples from Mono Lake, California. The accuracy of the pollen ages is tested using well-dated bracketing tephras, the South Mono and North Mono-Inyo tephras. In spite of the purity of the sorted samples, the pollen dates are older than the bounding tephras by ~400 yr, similar to some other pollen-dating studies. While improvements in sample preparation protocols are planned, understanding the geological processes involved in the production, preservation, and deposition of pollen at each site will be critical to developing robust high-resolution age models.
Conditions for Sylow 2-subgroups of the Fixed Point Subgroup Implying Solubility
Authors: Beltrán Antonio , Shao Changguo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLet A and G be finite groups and suppose that A acts via automorphisms on G with $(|A|, |G|)=1$. We study how certain conditions on the Sylow 2-subgroups of the fixed point subgroup of the action $C_G(A)$ may imply the non-simplicity or solubility of G.