bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of acute exacerbation between acetaminophen and ibuprofen in children with asthma
Authors: Fu Lin-Shien , Lin Che-Chen , Wei Chia-Yi , Lin Ching-Heng , Huang Yung-Chieh 
Published: April 2019

Background
Antipyretics are widely prescribed in pediatric practice. Some reports have mentioned that acetaminophen and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs may negatively affect asthma control by causing asthma exacerbation (AE). However, many confounding factors can also influence the risks. We assessed the impact of using acetaminophen or ibuprofen on AE in asthmatic children, especially those with strong risk factors.

Methods
We used the 2010 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and identified 983 children with persistent asthma aged 1–5 years old; among them, 591 used acetaminophen alone and 392 used ibuprofen alone in 2010. Then, we analyzed the risk of AE over 52 weeks in the patients with and without severe AE in the previous year.

Results
The ibuprofen group had a higher risk of an emergency room (ER) visit or hospitalization for AE (odds ratio (OR) = 2.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.17–3.76], P = 0.01). Among asthmatic children who had severe AE in the previous year, the risk of AE was higher in the ibuprofen group than in the acetaminophen group (OR = 3.28, 95% CI [1.30–8.29], P = 0.01), where as among those who did not, the risks of AE were similar between the acetaminophen and ibuprofen groups (OR = 1.52, 95% CI [0.71–3.25], P = 0.28).

Conclusions
Among young asthmatic children, use of ibuprofen was associated with a higher risk of AE than acetaminophen, if they had severe AE with ER visit or hospitalization in the previous year. Pediatricians should use antipyretics among children with asthma after a full evaluation of the risk.
Neural correlates of intertemporal choice in aggressive behavior
Authors: Chester David S. , Bell Sarah Beth , DeWall C. Nathan , West Samuel J. , Romero‐Lopez Marisabel , Craig Adam W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeople often have to make decisions between immediate rewards and more long‐term goals. Such intertemporal judgments are often investigated in the context of monetary choice or drug use, yet not in regard to aggressive behavior. We combined a novel intertemporal aggression paradigm with functional neuroimaging to examine the role of temporal delay in aggressive behavior and the neural correlates thereof. Sixty‐one participants (aged 18–22 years; 37 females) exhibited substantial variability in the extent to which they selected immediate acts of lesser aggression versus delayed acts of greater aggression against a same‐sex opponent. Choosing delayed‐yet‐more‐severe aggression was increased by provocation and associated with greater self‐control. Preferences for delayed aggression were associated with greater activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) during such choices, and reduced functional connectivity between the VMPFC and brain regions implicated in motor impulsivity. Preferences for immediate aggression were associated with reduced functional connectivity between the VMPFC and the frontoparietal control network. Dispositionally aggressive participants exhibited reduced VMPFC activity, which partially explained and suppressed their preferences for delayed aggression. Blunted VMPFC activity may thus be a neural mechanism that promotes reactive aggression towards provocateurs among dispositionally aggressive individuals. These findings demonstrate the utility of an intertemporal framework for investigating aggression and provide further evidence for the similar underlying neurobiology between aggression and other rewarding behaviors.
Understanding the past: Investigating the role of availability, outcome, and hindsight bias and close calls in visual pilots' weather‐related decision making
Authors: Walmsley Stephen , Gilbey Andrew 
Published: April 2019

SummaryPast events, such as “close calls,” can provide valuable learning opportunities, especially in aviation, where learning from past errors could potentially help to avoid future incidents or accidents. This study investigated whether three cognitive biases (availability, outcome, and hindsight bias) could influence pilots' perceptions of past events, which in turn might influence their perception of events yet to occur. Study 1 found that pilots were influenced by the outcome of a flight when judging decision quality. Of particular interest was that pilots interpreted events that led to a close call very similarly to those that had positive outcomes, which may reinforce risky behaviour. However, although adequately powered, Study 1 found no evidence of availability bias: Exposure to one of four outcomes did not appear to influence later decisions. Study 2 found that having read a flight report, particularly if it ended in a crash, pilots consistently overestimated their likelihood of predicting the actual outcome, which may reduce any opportunity to learn. These findings suggest that two of the three cognitive biases explored in this study could influence a pilot's perception of past events in ways that may adversely affect how they make future decisions that in turn may affect flight safety.
Konzertierte nukleophile aromatische Substitutionen
Authors: Rohrbach Simon , Smith Andrew J. , Pang Jia Hao , Poole Darren L. , Tuttle Tell , Chiba Shunsuke , Murphy John A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractJüngste Entwicklungen in der experimentellen und theoretischen Chemie haben zur Identifizierung einer schnell wachsenden Klasse von nukleophilen aromatischen Substitutionsreaktionen geführt, die einem konzertierten Mechanismus (cSNAr) folgen, und nicht dem klassischen, zweistufigen SNAr‐Mechanismus. Während klassische SNAr‐Reaktionen auf die substantielle Aktivierung des aromatischen Ringes durch elektronenziehende Substituenten angewiesen sind, ist eine solche Aktivierung für den konzertierten Reaktionsverlauf nicht zwingend nötig.
Iridium‐Catalyzed Distal Hydroboration of Aliphatic Internal Alkenes
Authors: Wang Guangzhu , Liang Xinyi , Chen Lili , Gao Qian , Wang Jian‐Guo , Zhang Panke , Peng Qian , Xu Senmiao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe regioselective hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes remains a great challenge. Reported herein is an iridium‐catalyzed hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes, providing distal‐borylated products in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity (up to 99:1). We also demonstrate that the C−B bond of the distal‐borylated product can be readily converted into other functional groups. DFT calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds through an unexpected IrIII/IrV cycle.
Charge Transport through Self‐Assembled Monolayers of Monoterpenoids
Authors: Cafferty Brian J. , Yuan Li , Baghbanzadeh Mostafa , Rappoport Dmitrij , Beyzavi M. Hassan , Whitesides George M. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe nature of the processes at the origin of life that selected specific classes of molecules for broad incorporation into cells is controversial. Among those classes selected were polyisoprenoids and their derivatives. This paper tests the hypothesis that polyisoprenoids were early contributors to membranes in part because they (or their derivatives) could facilitate charge transport by quantum tunneling. It measures charge transport across self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of carboxyl‐terminated monoterpenoids (O2C(C9HX)) and alkanoates (O2C(C7HX)) with different degrees of unsaturation, supported on silver (AgTS) bottom electrodes, with Ga2O3/EGaIn top electrodes. Measurements of current density of SAMs of linear length‐matched hydrocarbons—both saturated and unsaturated—show that completely unsaturated molecules transport charge faster than those that are completely saturated by approximately a factor of ten. This increase in relative rates of charge transport correlates with the number of carbon–carbon double bonds, but not with the extent of conjugation. These results suggest that polyisoprenoids—even fully unsaturated—are not sufficiently good tunneling conductors for their conductivity to have favored them as building blocks in the prebiotic world.
Recent Advances on Electrochemical Biosensing Strategies toward Universal Point‐of‐Care Systems
Authors: Dai Yifan , Liu Chung Chiun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA number of very recently developed electrochemical biosensing strategies are promoting electrochemical biosensing systems into practical point‐of‐care applications. The focus of research endeavors has transferred from detection of a specific analyte to the development of general biosensing strategies that can be applied for a single category of analytes, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and cells. In this Minireview, recent cutting‐edge research on electrochemical biosensing strategies are described. These developments resolved critical challenges regarding the application of electrochemical biosensors to practical point‐of‐care systems, such as rapid readout, simple biosensor fabrication method, ultra‐high detection sensitivity, direct analysis in a complex biological matrix, and multiplexed target analysis. This Minireview provides general guidelines both for scientists in the biosensing research community and for the biosensor industry on development of point‐of‐care system, benefiting global healthcare.
Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions
Authors: Rohrbach Simon , Smith Andrew J. , Pang Jia Hao , Poole Darren L. , Tuttle Tell , Chiba Shunsuke , Murphy John A. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractRecent developments in experimental and computational chemistry have identified a rapidly growing class of nucleophilic aromatic substitutions that proceed by concerted (cSNAr) rather than classical, two‐step, SNAr mechanisms. Whereas traditional SNAr reactions require substantial activation of the aromatic ring by electron‐withdrawing substituents, such activating groups are not mandatory in the concerted pathways.
Unidirectional Presentation of Membrane Proteins in Nanoparticle‐Supported Liposomes
Authors: Chen Wen , Cai Yongfei , Fu Qingshan , Chen Bing , Guo Junling , Chou James J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPresentation of membrane proteins to host immune systems has been a challenging problem owing to complexity arising from the poor in vivo stability of the membrane‐mimetic media often used for solubilizing the membrane proteins. The use of functionalized, biocompatible nanoparticles as substrates is shown to guide the formation of proteoliposomes, which can present many copies of membrane proteins in a unidirectional manner. The approach was demonstrated to present the membrane‐proximal region of the HIV‐1 envelope glycoprotein. These nanoparticle‐supported liposomes are broadly applicable as membrane antigen vehicles for inducing host immune responses.
Design and Fabrication of Tubular Micro/Nanomotors via 3D Laser Lithography
Authors: Chen Yimeng , Xu Borui , Mei Yongfeng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCatalytic tubular micro/nanomachines convert chemical energy from a surrounding aqueous fuel solution into mechanical energy to generate autonomous movements, propelled by the oxygen bubbles decomposed by hydrogen peroxide and expelled from the microtubular cavity. With the development of nanotechnology, micro/nanomotors have attracted more and more interest due to their numerous potential for in vivo and in vitro applications. Here, highly efficient chemical catalytic microtubular motors were fabricated via 3D laser lithography and their motion behavior under the action of driving force in fluids was demonstrated. The frequency of catalytically‐generated bubbles ejection was influenced by the geometrical shape of the micro/nanomotor and surrounding chemical fuel environment, resulting in the variation in motion speed. The micro/nanomotors generated with a rocket‐like shape displayed a more active motion compared with that of a single tubular micro/nanomotor, providing a wider range of practical micro‐/nanoscale applications in the future.
Identification of nacre matrix protein genes hic14 and hic19 and their roles in crystal growth and pearl formation in the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii
Authors: Jin Can , Ren Hong‐Yu , Pu Jing‐Wen , Liu Xiao‐Jun , Li Jia‐Le 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBiological mineralization is a highly programmed process in which inorganic minerals reassociate under the strict control of the extracellular matrix to form minerals with special functions and patterns. Shells are biominerals, and their synthesis is finely regulated by organic matrix including matrix proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, pigments, free amino acids, and small peptides. In this study, two matrix protein genes, hic14 and hic19, were isolated from the mantle of the mussel Hyriopsis cumingii. Tissue expression analysis showed that both proteins were expressed mainly in the mantle, and in situ hybridization of mantle tissues showed that they were specifically expressed in the dorsal epithelial cells of mantle pallial. Therefore, hic14 and hic19 were both nacreous layer matrix proteins. In the pearl insertion experiment, hic14 and hic19 kept low expression during pearl sac formation and disordered calcium carbonate deposition, and increased significantly during pearl nacre accumulation, which showed that both proteins participated in the mineralization of pearl nacre. In the RNA interference experiment, shell nacre tablet growth was inhibited after crystal nucleation due to the decreased expression of hic14, and crystal morphology and arrangement of nacre were highly modified after expression of hic19 was inhibited. These results provided further evidence that both hic14 and hic19 participated in nacreous layer biomineralization.
Veränderung der mechanischen Kenngrößen von Betonstabstählen durch chloridinduzierte Korrosion
Authors: Baumgartner Alexander , Fraundorfer Andreas , Dauberschmidt Christoph , Kustermann Andrea 
Published: April 2019

AbstractDie Dauerhaftigkeit chloridexponierter Stahlbetonbauteile wird maßgeblich durch das Korrosionsverhalten des Bewehrungsstahls bestimmt. Hat ein Eintrag von Chloriden in kritischer Konzentration in das Bauteil stattgefunden, kann eine Lochfraßkorrosion initiiert werden. Die durch die Korrosion auftretenden, sehr lokalen Materialabträge können in kurzer Zeit zu hohen Querschnittsverlusten der Bewehrung führen.Für die Instandsetzungsplanung steht der/die Sachkundige PlanerIn vor der Aufgabe, Art und Umfang der Instandsetzungsmaßnahme festzulegen. Dabei stellt sich auch die Herausforderung, vorhandene Querschnittsverluste zielsicher beurteilen zu können. Eine exakte Bestimmung des Querschnittsverlusts auf der Baustelle ist jedoch aufgrund der Narbengeometrie nur schwer möglich, weshalb Querschnittsverluste häufig visuell abgeschätzt werden. Auch stellt sich die Frage, ob durch Lochfraßnarben Kerbspannungen verursacht werden, die einen Einfluss auf die Zugtragfähigkeit haben und zu abweichenden Festigkeitswerten im Vergleich zur reinen Querschnittsbetrachtung führen. Weiterhin zu hinterfragen ist der Einfluss der lokalen Schädigung auf das Dehnungsverhalten des Bewehrungsstahls und damit auf eine duktile Versagensankündigung des Bauteils.Zur besseren Beurteilbarkeit lochfraßgeschädigter Bewehrung wurden an der Hochschule München Versuche an Betonstählen mit einem weiten Schädigungsspektrum infolge chloridinduzierter Korrosion durchgeführt. Hierzu wurden natürlich geschädigte Betonstabstähle verschiedenen Durchmessers aus einer Tiefgarage der 1960er Jahre entnommen und im Labor künstlich geschädigte Proben hergestellt. Die Stahlproben wurden auf ihr optisches Erscheinungsbild, den Restquerschnitt sowie das Dehnungsverhalten und die statische Restzugtragfähigkeit hin untersucht.
Quantitative analysis of multicomponents by a single marker and quality evaluation of Venenum Bufonis from different geographical origins
Authors: Cui Ke‐ke , Cao Yue‐ting , Shao Jia‐feng , Lu Zheng‐yu , Wang Long‐hu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBufadienolides are the main bioactive components of Venenum Bufonis (VB) and have been widely used to treat different types of human cancers for decades. The bufadienolide content in VB varies significantly in materials from different geographical origins. In this work, a new strategy for the quality assessment of VB was developed through quantitative analysis of multi‐components by single marker (QAMS). Cinobufagin was selected as the internal reference substance; seven bufadienolides were separated and simultaneously determined based on relative correction factors. The correlation coefficient value (r ≥ 0.9936) between QAMS and the normal external standard method proved the consistency of the two methods. According to the outcomes of 30 batches of VB samples, the contents of the seven bufadienolides were used for further chemometric analysis. All of the samples of VB from various geographical origins were divided into three categories based on hierarchical cluster analysis and radar plot, which indicated the crucial influence of geographical origins on VB. This study showed that QAMS combined with chemometristry could be used to comprehensively evaluate and effectively control the quality of VB from different geographical origins.
Probing Local Folding Allows Robust Metal Sensing Based on a Na+‐Specific DNAzyme
Authors: He Yanping , Chang Yangyang , Chen Da , Liu Juewen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFluorescent metal sensors based on DNA often rely on changes in end‐to‐end distance or local environmental near fluorophore labels. Because metal ions can also nonspecifically interact with DNA through various mechanisms, such as charge screening, base binding, and increase or decrease in duplex stability, robust and specific sensing of metal ions has been quite challenging. In this work, a side‐by‐side comparison of two signaling strategies on a Na+‐specific DNAzyme that contained a Na+‐binding aptamer was performed. The duplex regions of the DNAzyme was systematically shortened and its effect was studied by using a 2‐aminopurine (2AP)‐labeled substrate strand. Na+ binding affected the local environmental of the 2AP label and increased its fluorescence. A synergistic process of Na+ binding and forming the duplex on the 5′‐end of the enzyme strand was observed, and this end was close to the aptamer loop. Effective Na+ binding was achieved with a five base‐pair stem. The effect on the 3′‐end is more continuous, and the stem needs to form first before Na+ can bind. With an optimized substrate binding arm, a FRET‐based sensor has been designed by labeling the two ends of a cis form of the DNAzyme with two fluorophores. In this case, Na+ failed to show a distinct difference from that of Li+ or K+; thus indicating that probing changes to the local environment allows more robust sensing of metal ions.
Hierarchical High‐Porosity Graphene Oxide‐Porous Carbon/Sulfur Composite with Sodium Chloride as Temporary Space Holders for High‐Performance Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Chen Xingbu , Wang Yang , Wang Yichen , Huang Jingyun , Ye Zhizhen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity and energy density of lithium‐sulfur batteries have attracted extensive research, but the main issues including the insulating nature of sulfur, large volumetric expansion during discharging, and shuttle effect of polysulfides still need to be solved. Herein, a hierarchical high‐porosity graphene oxide‐porous carbon/sulfur (GO‐PC/S) composite cathode is designed and fabricated. In this work, sodium chloride was used as temporary space holders to create a hierarchical porous structure for accelerating the transmission of Li+, accommodating the volumetric expansion, and enlarging the specific surface area (342.623 m2 g−1) up to eight times. Owing to the abundant oxygen‐containing functional groups of GO, sulfur and polysulfides can be effectively immobilized and the conductivity is enhanced by porous carbon. The Li−S battery exhibits outstanding kinetic performance and rate capability (618.3 mAh g−1 at 2 C) as well as excellent cycling performance over 300 cycles.
Few‐Layer Boron Nitride with Engineered Nitrogen Vacancies for Promoting Conversion of Polysulfide as a Cathode Matrix for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yi Yikun , Li Hongping , Chang Honghong , Yang Pu , Tian Xiaolu , Liu Pei , Qu Long , Li Mingtao , Yang Bolun , Li Huaming , Zhu Wenshuai , Dai Sheng 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have become one of the most promising candidates as next‐generation batteries, owing to their high specific capacity, low cost, and environmental benignity. Although many strategies have been proposed to restrain the shuttle of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) through physical trapping and chemical binding, the sluggish kinetics of PS conversion still degrade the capacity, rate, and cycling performance of Li‐S batteries. Herein, a novel kind of few‐layer BN with engineered nitrogen vacancies (v‐BN) has been developed as a cathode matrix for Li‐S batteries. The positive vacancies in the BN nanosheets not only promote the immobilization and conversion of LiPSs, but also accelerate the lithium ion diffusion in cathode electrodes. Compared with pristine BN, the v‐BN cathodes exhibit higher initial capacities from 775 mA h g−1 to 1262 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and a high average coulombic efficiency of over 98 % during 150 cycles. Upon increasing the current density to 1 C, the cell still preserves a capacity of 406 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles, exhibiting a capacity decay of only 0.084 % per cycle. The new vacancy‐engineered material provides a promising method for achieving excellent performance in Li‐S batteries.
Alkylative Carboxylation of Ynamides and Allenamides with Functionalized Alkylzinc Halides and Carbon Dioxide by a Copper Catalyst
Authors: Takimoto Masanori , Gholap Sandeep Suryabhan , Hou Zhaomin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe alkylative carboxylation of ynamides and allenamides with CO2 and alkylzinc halides catalyzed by a copper catalyst was developed. A variety of alkylzinc halides bearing functional groups were used for this transformation to afford α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids, which contain the α,β‐dehydroamino acid skeleton, introducing the corresponding alkyl group and CO2 across the carbon–carbon triple or double bond. This alkylative carboxylation formally consists of Cu‐catalyzed carbozincation of ynamides or allenamides with alkylzinc halides and the subsequent nucleophilic carboxylation of the resulting alkenylzinc species with CO2. This protocol would be a useful method for the synthesis of α,β‐dehydroamino acid derivatives possessing a functionalized alkyl group due to the high regio‐ and stereoselectivity, simple one‐pot procedure as well as the use of CO2 as a starting material.
Benchmarking Three Ruthenium Phosphide Phases for Electrocatalysis of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: Experimental and Theoretical Insights
Authors: Liu Tingting , Wang Jianmei , Zhong Changyin , Lu Shiyu , Yang Wenrong , Liu Jian , Hu Weihua , Li Chang Ming 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe outstanding electrocatalytic activity of ruthenium (Ru) phosphides toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has received wide attention. However, the effect of the Ru phosphide phase on the HER performance remains unclear. Herein, a two‐step method was developed to synthesize nanoparticles of three types of Ru phosphides, namely, Ru2P, RuP, and RuP2, with similar morphology, dimensions, loading density, and electrochemical surface area on graphene nanosheets by simply controlling the dosage of phytic acid as P source. Electrochemical tests revealed that Ru2P/graphene shows the highest intrinsic HER activity, followed by RuP/graphene and RuP2/graphene. Ru2P/graphene affords a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 18 mV in acid media. Theoretical calculations further showed that P‐deficient Ru2P has a lower free energy of hydrogen adsorption on the surface than other two, P‐rich Ru phosphides (RuP, RuP2), which confirms the excellent intrinsic HER activity of Ru2P and is consistent with experiment results. The work reveals for the first time a clear trend of HER activity among three Ru phosphide phases.