bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Regional Impact of Biofuel Economics
Authors: Walter Stefan 
Published: July 2018

The European Commission has developed a series of regulatory measures to introduce alternative energy technologies, including a binding target for a specified share of biofuel in petrol and diesel, in European Union (EU) member states. The instruments to achieve this goal include taxation, subsidies and legal restraints. Biofuel suffers from the problem of being uncompetitive, and the intervention addresses the price gap between conventional fuel and biofuel. The enthusiasm for biofuel is particularly high in peripheral regions such as the northern provinces of Sweden and Finland. Expectations include renewed economic growth and employment opportunities. However, when studying the economic impact of the biofuel regulatory framework with the help of the concept of property economics, it becomes clear that the framework generates investment in biofuel production due to distorted price signals and expected profits. From the perspective of property economics, the biofuel framework challenges property rights as it requires people’s appropriated means to be put into the effort of biofuel production. The artificial change of investment conditions may lead to the formation of an investment bubble. This distorts the interweaving structure of capital goods, which contributes to the manufacturing of biofuel, including machinery and wood products. As bubbles are bound to burst, people in the affected territories may be left with a lower living standard and greater exposure to the consequences. Therefore, the biofuel regulatory framework leads to unsustainable conditions. JEL Classification: O10, O20
Localized and targeted delivery of NSAIDs for treatment of inflammation: A review
Authors: Haley Rebecca M , von Recum Horst A 
Published: July 2018

Inflammatory processes are increasingly being identified at the core of many different disease states (e.g. heart disease, cancer, diabetes). As such, anti-inflammatory strategies available through drug delivery have undergone renewed interest. Due to the systemic side effects of steroidal drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are often preferred for long-term treatment of inflammation in a variety of applications. While non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are generally safe, there are some serious side effects that can be associated with their usage, particularly when given systemically or orally. Due to the high number of patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the reduction or elimination of these side effects, such as is possible through local drug delivery, could have a very powerful effect on patient quality of life. This review comments on a sampling of existing methods for localized or targeted delivery of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with the goal of helping future research groups to focus on bettering methods shown to be effective and filling the gaps of knowledge in this field. Additionally, commentary is made on the field as a whole, and the standardization issues that arise from its expansiveness and diversity. Impact statement This work provides an overview of research currently being done exploring potential drug delivery device strategies for NSAIDs as an alternative to systemic delivery. Commentary on this field is made in an attempt to aid future experimental design, enabling researchers to determine the drugs and delivery vehicles which are most advantageous for them to pursue, as well as suggestions to standardize the reporting of such future research.
Tobacco smoking and the risk of atrial fibrillation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Aune Dagfinn , Schlesinger Sabrina , Norat Teresa , Riboli Elio 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundEpidemiological studies on smoking and atrial fibrillation have been inconsistent, with some studies showing a positive association while others have found no association. It is also unclear whether there is a dose–response relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked or pack-years and the risk of atrial fibrillation. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the association.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies of smoking and atrial fibrillation up to 20 July 2017. Prospective studies and nested case–control studies within cohort studies reporting adjusted relative risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of atrial fibrillation associated with smoking were included. Summary relative risks (95% CIs) were estimated using a random effects model.ResultsTwenty nine prospective studies (22 publications) were included. The summary relative risk was 1.32 (95% CI 1.12–1.56, I2 = 84%, n = 11 studies) for current smokers, 1.09 (95% CI 1.00–1.18, I2 = 33%, n = 9) for former smokers and 1.21 (95% CI 1.12–1.31, I2 = 80%, n = 14) for ever smokers compared to never smokers. Comparing current versus non-current smokers the summary relative risk was 1.33 (95% CI 1.14–1.56, I2 = 78%, n = 10). The summary relative risk was 1.14 (95% CI 1.10–1.20, I2 = 0%, n = 3) per 10 cigarettes per day and 1.16 (95% CI 1.09–1.25, I2 = 49%, n = 2) per 10 pack-years and there was no evidence of a non-linear association for cigarettes per day, Pnon-linearity = 0.17.ConclusionsThe current meta-analysis suggests that smoking is associated with an increased risk of atrial fibrillation in a dose-dependent matter, but the association is weaker among former smokers compared to current smokers.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: LncRNA PVT1 triggers Cyto-protective autophagy and promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma development via the miR-20a-5p/ULK1 Axis
Authors: Huang Fengting , Chen Wenying , Peng Juanfei , Li Yuanhua , Zhuang Yanyan , Zhu Zhe , Shao Chunkui , Yang Wanling , Yao Herui , Zhang Shineng 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Background
Defective autophagy is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer. Human plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA that has been identified as a prognostic biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but how PVT1 operates in the regulation of autophagy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is unclear.

Methods
PVT1 expression level was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and hybridization in situ (ISH). Western blot or qRT-PCR was performed to assess the ULK1 protein or mRNA level. Autophagy was explored via autophagic flux detection under a confocal microscope and autophagic vacuoles investigation under a transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biological role of PVT1 in autophagy and PDA development was determined by gain-of-function and loss-of-function assays.

Results
We found that PVT1 levels paralleled those of ULK1 protein in PDA cancer tissues. PVT1 promoted cyto-protective autophagy and cell growth by targeting ULK1 both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, high PVT1 expression was associated with poor prognosis. Furthermore, we found that PVT1 acted as sponge to regulate miR-20a-5p and thus affected ULK1 expression and the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Conclusions
The present study demonstrates that the “PVT1/miR-20a-5p/ULK1/autophagy” pathway modulates the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and may be a novel target for developing therapeutic strategies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Micro-Extinction Spectroscopy (MExS): a versatile optical characterization technique
Authors: Kumar Anjli , Villarreal Eduardo , Zhang Xiang , Ringe Emilie 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMicro-Extinction Spectroscopy (MExS), a flexible, optical, and spatial-scanning hyperspectral technique, has been developed and is described with examples. Software and hardware capabilities are described in detail, including transmission, reflectance, and scattering measurements. Each capability is demonstrated through a case study of nanomaterial characterization, i.e., transmission of transition metal dichalcogenides revealing transition energy and efficiency, reflectance of transition metal dichalcogenides grown on nontransparent substrates identifying the presence of monolayer following electrochemical ablation, and scattering to study single plasmonic nanoparticles and obtain values for the refractive index sensitivity and sensing figure of merit of over a hundred single particles with various shapes and sizes. With the growing integration of nanotechnology in many areas, MExS can be a powerful tool to both characterize and test nanomaterials.
Targeting Mr. or Mrs. Smith: Modeling and Leveraging Intrahousehold Heterogeneity in Brand Choice Behavior
Authors: Bruno Hernán A. , Cebollada Javier , Chintagunta Pradeep K. 
Published: July 2018

We develop a hierarchical choice model to account for the choice utility heterogeneity of individual shoppers that belong to the same household. Our model allows us to measure how much variability in purchase behavior exists among individuals in a household, and to compare this to the variability that exists across households. Because of the presence of multiple shoppers from the same household, we also extend the concept of household-level state dependence to consider state dependence at the individual level. We apply our model to five different grocery categories. We find that the intrahousehold heterogeneity in estimated brand intercepts and (to a lesser extent) price sensitivities is about 20%–30% of the interhousehold heterogeneity in these parameters. However, with promotion sensitivities, we find intrahousehold heterogeneity, in most cases, to be as large as interhousehold heterogeneity. Our state dependence results show that past brands purchased by an individual have a much stronger influence on subsequent purchases than those purchased by anyone in the household. We use our estimated utility parameters to compare the expected profitability of promotions targeted at the individual rather than at the household and find substantial (more than 50%) improvements in the incremental revenue of supermarket promotions. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1088 .
Does Adding Inventory Increase Sales? Evidence of a Scarcity Effect in U.S. Automobile Dealerships
Authors: Cachon Gérard P. , Gallino Santiago , Olivares Marcelo 
Published: July 2018

What is the relationship between inventory and sales? Clearly, inventory could increase sales: expanding inventory creates more choice (options, colors, etc.) and might signal a popular/desirable product. Or, inventory might encourage a consumer to continue her search (e.g., on the theory that she can return if nothing better is found), thereby decreasing sales (a scarcity effect). We seek to identify these effects in U.S. automobile sales. Our primary research challenge is the endogenous relationship between inventory and sales—e.g., dealers influence their inventory in anticipation of demand. Hence, our estimation strategy relies on weather shocks at upstream production facilities to create exogenous variation in downstream dealership inventory. We find that the impact of adding a vehicle of a particular model to a dealer’s lot depends on which cars the dealer already has. If the added vehicle expands the available set of submodels (e.g., adding a four-door among a set that is exclusively two-door), then sales increase. But if the added vehicle is of the same submodel as an existing vehicle, then sales actually decrease. Hence, expanding variety across submodels should be the first priority when adding inventory—adding inventory within a submodel is actually detrimental. In fact, given how vehicles were allocated to dealerships in practice, we find that adding inventory actually lowered sales. However, our data indicate that there could be a substantial benefit from the implementation of a “maximize variety, minimize duplication” allocation strategy: sales increase by 4.4% without changing the total number of vehicles at each dealership. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Gabapentin and pregabalin in the pain setting: All you need to know
Authors: Rees Sharon 
Published: July 2018

The last decade has seen a marked increase in the use of gabapentinoid drugs for pain management. This, in part, reflects the shift from some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as issues arising from the protracted use of opioids. More extensive use of gabapentin and pregabalin has seen the clinical role widen to incorporate a range of unlicensed pain scenarios, as well as increased medicines costs. The evidence for efficacy in some pain conditions, namely post-herpetic neuralgia and diabetic neuropathic pain, is stronger than for non-neuropathic pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia. Anxiolytic properties, as well as widespread availability, have encouraged recreational misuse, which is associated with doses outside the therapeutic range. Safe use for neuropathic pain (central and peripheral), complex pain, and migraine, and the evidence for some non-neuropathic pain conditions will be discussed, as well as the emerging abuse issues. Anti-convulsant interventions will not be covered in this article, nor will use in children.
Growth, saponin and nitrogen content of common plantain (Plantago major L.) tissue with gibberellic acid application (GA3)
Authors: KHRISTYANA LYA , ANGGARWULAN ENDANG , MARSUSI MARSUSI 
Published: July 2018

The aims of this research were to study application effect on growth, saponin content and tissue nitrogen of common plantain (Plantago major L.). P. major was one of plant which has potency as a medicinal plant. The addition of GA3 exogenous to the plant would cause GA3 binding with receptor protein in the plasma membrane region, which caused specific gene activation, so that specific RNA molecule formed, and would trigger one or more enzyme forming which regulate plant growth and influence protein synthesis also plant secondary metabolite production. Data elicited by completely randomized design (CRD) with single factor (GA3 application). The application of GA3 was done once a week for two months, with following concentrations: 0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm, each treatment with five replications. The measurement of leaves width, dry weight, saponin content and nitrogen tissue were done after harvest. Data obtained were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and followed by DMRT 5% confidence level. The result showed that GA3 application giving significant effect to dry weight and saponin content, but was not give significant effect to leaves width and tissue nitrogen content. The highest GA3 concentration for increased leaves width was 50 ppm. The highest dry weight and saponin content was on 75 ppm GA3 application, whereas for the highest tissue nitrogen was on 25 ppm GA3 treatment.
Possibility of Acorus calamus L. rhizome oil as repellent against Culex quinquefasciatus L. mosquito
Authors: UTARI CR. SRI , WIDYARINI T. , D. SUTARMIADJI , DHARMAWAN RUBEN , DARUKUTNI DARUKUTNI 
Published: July 2018

Culex quinquefasciatus L. is a vector mosquito for bancroftian filariasis in an urban area. One way to prevent the mosquito bites is the use of repellents. The study aims to reveal the potency of Acorus calamus rhizome oil as a repellent against Cx. quinquefasciatus. Experimental 90 mosquitoes were divided into three groups and two groups were treated with different repellents. One group was treated with sari puspa and another group with Calamus rhizome oil. The fluid group was the control group. Each group was treated four times. ANOVA test gave F test > F table, and t test (Î± = 5%) showed that t test > t table. This statistic test supported a conclusion that Calamus rhizome oil (Acorus calamus L.) was a potential repellent against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
The effects of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) extract and storage period on seed borne fungi and citrus (Citrus sp.) seed viability
Authors: DAYUNI DEWI DEVY , WIRYOWIDODO WARSOKO , WIDONO SALIM 
Published: July 2018

The recalcitrant seeds need a high moisture level during in storage to prevent loss its viability. The storage at a high moisture level is a favorable condition for fungi growth and on the other hand, a low seeds moisture level will loss the seeds viability. The citrus seeds as one of recalcitrant seeds need a special condition in storage. The storage of citrus seeds by using kencur (Kaempferia galangal L.) extract can protect the seeds against fungi during storage and preserve its viability. The purpose of this research was to determine the best concentration of K. galanga extract which protects the citrus seeds against fungi as long as period storage, the kind of fungi and its percentage of infection, and the citrus seeds viability. This research was carried out in September until November in 2004 at Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory and Greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty of Sebelas Maret University. The citrus seed used was Keprok variety from Ponorogo. The research design was a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), with the treatments: (1) included the seeds without being stored and without being given by K. galanga extract, (2) the seeds were stored for 2 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, (3) the seeds were stored for 4 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, (4) the seeds were stored for 6 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract, and (5) the seeds were stored for 8 weeks with 100%, 75%, and 50% K. galanga extract. Data were analyzed by using F test with 5% and 1% significance levels. If there were real differences, it was continued to be tested by using a Duncan multiple range test with 5% significance level. The results of this research showed that K. galanga extract by 50% was the best concentration that protected the citrus seeds against fungi for 2 weeks of storage. The storage of citrus seeds with K. galanga extract more than 2 weeks decreased seeds viability. The dominant kinds of fungi that attack citrus seeds in the storage were Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., obtained by using a blotter test.
Diuretic effect of milk coffee on white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with variation of milk types
Authors: BISTANI DINA ANGELIA , LISTYAWATI SHANTI , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI 
Published: July 2018

Bistani DA, Listyawati S, Setyawan AD. 2007. Diuretic effect of milk coffee on white rat (Rattus norvegicus) with variation of milk types. Biofarmasi 5: 8-15. Caffeine content in coffee is a mild diuretic which increase glomerule filtration and reduce natrium reabsorbtion in renal tubule. Some people mix milk into the coffee because they do not like the bitter taste from caffeine. Milk contains glucose which can cause osmotic diuretic and increase urine excretion. The aim of this research was to find out the diuretic effects of orally intakes of coffee-milk on white male rats (Rattus norvegicus) with a variation of milk kind. This research was done in Biology Sub Laboratory, Central Laboratory of MIPA UNS, Surakarta, Central Java. A Completely Randomized Design with five groups and four replications to each group was used in this study. The treatments applied for those groups were: (i) aquadest (group I), (ii) coffee solution (group II), (iii) coffee + sweetened condensed milk solution (group III), (iv) coffee + soymilk solution (group IV), and (v) coffee + skim milk solution (group V). The parameters used for the physical characteristics of urine were volume, colour, clearness, pH value and density. The parameters used for the chemical characteristics were the glucose analysis by Benedict test for qualitative and spectrophotometry for quantitative, and the analysis of NaCl content by Fantus method. The data were analyzed by using the analysis of variance (Anova) and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that a variation of milk kind was not effect on volume, colour, clearness, pH value, density, and glucose content after 4 hours of treatments, but effect on NaCl content after 4 hours of treatments.
The effect of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) leaves extract to methyl mercury concentration in blood and characteristics of erythrocyte of rat after exposed by methyl mercury chloride
Authors: WIDYAWATI WIWIK , WIRYANTO WIRYANTO , LISTYAWATI SHANTI 
Published: July 2018

Widyawati W, Wiryanto, Listyawati S. 2007. The effect of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens) leaves extract to methyl mercury concentration in blood and characteristics of erythrocyte of rat after exposed by methyl mercury chloride. Biofarmasi 5: 26-37. Methyl mercury is the most toxic of the kind of mercury wich used society in various levels since a long ago. Naturally, methyl mercury is produced from methylation process of anorganic mercury by methanogenic bacteria on aquatic sediment. The over existency of methyl mercury in distric area will be toxic if entry the organisms body. The aims of the research were to study the effect of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.) leaves extract to methyl mercury concentration in blood and the characteristics of erythrocyte of rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) after exposed by methyl mercury chloride, and to study the most effective dose of sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour) Merr.) leaves extract to reduce the concentration of methyl mercury in blood and to repair the characteristics of erythrocyte after exposed by methyl mercury chloride. The research used a Completely Random Design with six groups, each group consisted of 4 repetitions. The treatments of each group were aquadest 2.5 ml (placebo), methyl mercury chloride 2.99 mg/kg BW (negative control), L-Cystein 5.4 mg/kg BW (positive control), and the extract of sambung nyawa leaves 1.945, 3.889, and 5.834 g/kg BW. The observation included the concentration of methyl mercury in blood, hemoglobin concentration, erythrocyte number, and Packed Cell Volume (PCV), which analyzed by Analysis of Variance (Anova) and continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at significance level of 5%. The morphology of erythrocyte observation was analyzed qualitatively. The result of research showed that the extract of sambung nyawa leaves at doses of 1.945, 3.889, and 5.834 g/kg BW affected to reduce the concentration of methyl mercury in blood significantly and to repair the characteristics of erythrocyte. The extract of sambung nyawa leaves that had the highest effectiveness to reduce the methyl mercury concentration in blood and to repair the characteristics of erythrocyte was on a dose of 5.834 mg/kg BW.
Reserpine content of Rauvolfia verticillata callus culture elicited by Pythium sp.
Authors: ASTUTI NINIK PUJI , SOLICHATUN SOLICHATUN , SUSILOWATI ARI 
Published: July 2018

Astuti NP, Solichatun, Susilowati A. 2007. Reserpine content of Rauvolfia verticillata callus culture elicited by Pythium sp. Biofarmasi 5: 55-66. This research aimed to study the effect of elicitor derived from Pythium sp. on reserpine content of Rauvolfia verticillata (Lour.) Baillon callus culture. Callus was induced from R. verticillataâ€™s leaf segment, and grew optimally on Murashige and Skoogâ€™s medium with the addition of 2 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L kinetin. Callus was elicited with elicitor derived from autoclaved Pythium sp. on the 30th day. The concentrations of elicitor were 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg DW/mL. The harvesting times of elicited callus were at 0, 18, 36 and 72 hours. The morphology of callus (texture and color) was observed descriptively. The dry weight of callus and reserpine content were analyzed statistically by using General Linear Model Univariate (GLM Univariate) and followed by Duncanâ€™s Multiply Ring Test (DMRT) at a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the concentration of elicitor and harvesting time influenced the dry weight and reserpine content of R. verticillata callus culture significantly. As much as 2 mg DW/mL elicitor with a harvesting time at 72 hours produced the lowest dry weight of callus that was 0.039 g, but produced the highest reserpine content that was 481.900 mg/g DW of callus or increased 103.849% compared to the control.