bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Two Desensitizer Agents on the Microleakage of Adhesively Luted Ceramic Inlays
Authors: Celik Esra Uzer , Kumbaraci Nazli , Cal Ebru , Murat Turkun 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different desensitizers (Hemaseal & Cide and Aqua Prep F) on the microleakage of ceramic inlay restorations luted with adhesive resin cement. Methods: Cylindrical Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of thirty extracted human third molars. One of the desensitizers (either Hemaseal&Cide, Advantage Dental Products Inc. or Aqua-Prep F, Bisco) was applied to the cavities. Ten samples were used as controls. Ceramic inlays were fabricated using the heat-pressed glass ceramic technique (IPS Empress II). Inlay restorations were luted using adhesive cement (Variolink II, Ivoclar-Vivadent). The restorations were properly finished, stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and subjected to 1000 thermal cycles. The microleakage scores were examined using a stereomicroscope at the 30x magnification after each sample was stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin. The data were analyzed using Kruskall Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests (P=0.05). Results: Aqua-Prep F samples showed significantly higher microleakage scores at the enamel margins than did the Hemaseal & Cide and control groups (P<.05). Hemaseal & Cide application led to less microleakage than the other groups both at the enamel and dentin margins (P<.05). Conclusions: Hemaseal & Cide desensitizer decreased the microleakage process at the enamel and dentin margins of inlay restorations luted with adhesive luting cement, while Aqua-Prep F increased the leakage scores at the enamel margins. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:77-83)
Fluoride Concentration of Some Brands of Fermented Milks Available in the Market
Authors: Lodi Carolina Simonetti , Manareli Michele Maurício , Sassaki Kikue Takebayashi , Delbem Alberto Carlos Botazzo , Martinhon Cleide Cristina Rodrigues 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: To evaluate the fluoride ion concentration in some fermented milks present in the market. Methods: Three brands of 6 fermented milks (Parmalat®-uva, Chamyto®, Paulista®, Batavito®, Yakult®, Vigor Club®) were analyzed. Fluoride concentration was evaluated after facilitated microdiffusion by HDMS. Results: Parmalat® products ranged from 0.022 μgF/g to 0.031 μgF/g, Chamyto® from 0.228 μgF/g to 0.272 μgF/g, Paulista® from 0.182 μgF/g to 0.220 μgF/g, Batavito® from 0.028 μgF/g to 0.030 μgF/g, Yakult® from 0.115 μgF/g to 0.206 μgF/g and Vigor Club® from 0.808 μgF/g to 1.171 μgF/g. Conclusions: The presence of fluoride could be observed in all of the fermented milks analyzed which can contribute with the total fluoride daily intake. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:139-142)
The Effect of Cavity Shape and Hybrid Layer on the Stress Distribution of Cervical Composite Restorations
Authors: Eliguzeloglu Evrim , Eraslan Oguz , Omurlu Huma , Eskitascioglu Gurcan , Belli Sema 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives: The aim of this finite elemental stress analysis study was to evaluate the effect of cavity shape and hybrid layer on the stress distribution of the mandibular premolar tooth under occlusal loading. Methods: The mandibular premolar tooth was selected as the model based on the anatomical measurements suggested by Wheeler. Four different mathematical models were evaluated: 1) a saucer-shaped non-carious cervical lesion restored with a composite without a hybrid layer, 2) a saucer-shaped non-carious cervical lesion restored with a composite with a hybrid layer, 3) a wedge-shaped non-carious cervical lesion restored with a composite without a hybrid layer, and 4) a wedge-shaped non-carious cervical lesion restored with a composite with a hybrid layer. A 200 N force was applied from the buccal tubercule and central fossa of the premolar tooth. The findings were drawn by the SAPLOT program. Results: In models 2 and 4, the output showed that a hybrid layer acts as a stress absorber. Additionally, when the cavity shape was changed, the stress distribution was very different. Conclusions: Cavity shape and hybrid layer play an important role in stress distribution in cervical restorations. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:180-185)
Generalized Familial Crown Resorptions in Unerupted Teeth
Authors: Miloglu Ozkan , Goregen Mustafa , Akgul Hayati Murat , Harorli Abubekir 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the case of 2 sisters with generalized familial crown resorptions, including co-occurrence of familial dental abnormalities of severe crown resorption, failure of eruption, and congenitally missing teeth, which have not been described earlier in the literature. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:206-209)
Update on Nonsurgical, Ultraconservative Approaches to Treat Effectively Non-Cavitated Caries Lesions in Permanent Teeth
Authors: Borges Boniek Castillo Dutra , Borges Juliane de Souza , Araujo Larissa Sgarbosa Napoleao de , Machado Claudia Tavares , Santos Alex Jose Souza dos , Pinheiro Isauremi Vieira de Assunçao 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTDental caries on tooth surfaces is still a problem in many industrialized countries. For many years, dentistry was influenced by a mechanical approach characterized by the use of high-speed rotary cutting instruments, and dentists predominantly used surgical methods to address caries. This included radical removal of diseased portions of the tooth, along with material-driven geometric extensions to areas that were assumed to be caries-resistant. This concept of extension for prevention was introduced by G. V. Black and influenced dentists for more than 120 years. Recently, a new paradigm of operative conservatism, sometimes referred to as “minimally invasive dentistry,” has gained popularity. This paradigm is designed to promote maximum preservation of healthy dental structures over a lifetime. The aim of this review is to discuss the efficacy of current nonsurgical treatments for non-cavitated caries lesions in permanent teeth. Based on results obtained from clinical trials, this review evaluates treatments such as consumption of CPP-ACP added gums, resin infiltration and fissure sealing. Although in a few cases an invasive approach is needed to arrest caries progression, the non-surgical approach generally provides potential benefits that include conserving structure by delaying intervention or minimizing the operative procedure. All current non-invasive methods are effective in treating non-cavitated caries lesions. The adoption of non-invasive approaches in the management of these lesions can preserve dental tissues, thus increasing tooth longevity. (Eur J Dent 2011;5:229-236)
A cephalometric comparative study of class II correction with Sabbagh Universal Spring (SUS²) and Forsus FRD appliances
Authors: Oztoprak Mehmet Oguz , Nalbantgil Didem , Uyanlar Ayhan , Arun Tulin 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:The purpose of this clinical prospective study was to compare the dentofacial changes produced by the Sabbagh Universal Spring (SUS²) and Forsus FRD appliances in late adolescent patients with Class II malocclusion, and quantify them in comparison with an untreated group.Methods: The study was carried out on 59 patients with skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion due to retrognatic mandible. Among these, 20 were treated with SUS², 20 were treated with FRD, and no treatment was done to 19 subjects as the control group. 36 cephalometric landmarks were identified on each lateral cephalometric radiograph.Results:The effects of both appliances were dentoalveolar and no significant vertical and sagittal skeletal effect on maxilla and mandible was achieved. The retrusion and extrusion of the maxillary incisors as well as the protrusion and intrusion of mandibular incisors were found to be statistically significant in both treatment groups. Soft tissue profile improvement was limited in both treatment groups.Conclusions: Both appliances corrected Class II discrepancies through dentoalveolar changes; however lower incisor proclination was more prominent with the Forsus FRD. (Eur J Dent 2012;6:302- 310)
Inequalities in exposure to the air pollutants PM2.5 and NO2 in Australia
Authors: Cooper Nathan , Green Donna , Knibbs Luke D 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Vulnerable subpopulations may be exposed to higher levels of outdoor air pollution than the rest of the population. Due to the potential for this to exacerbate their existing health burden, concerns about disparities in subpopulations’ air pollution exposure have motivated international public health researchers to examine this topic. In Australia, such research is lacking to date, despite heterogeneity in air pollution at multiple spatial scales across the continent. This study aimed to investigate disparities in exposure to two health-relevant outdoor air pollutants: particulate matter <2.5 μm (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). We used national land-use regression models to estimate annual average concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2, and area-level census data on ethnicity, age and socio-economic status (SES) to calculate the bivariate associations between each census-derived variable with the concentration of air pollutants. We also used multivariable models including specific measures of SES as covariates to assess to what extent associations were explained by SES. Associations were calculated separately for rural and urban areas using generalised additive models which accounted for spatial autocorrelation. Bivariate results showed significant nonlinear associations (p < 0.001) between vulnerable subpopulations and pollutant concentration. These associations suggested that areas with greater socio-economic disadvantage, a higher proportion of ethnic minorities, and elderly people are exposed to higher concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2, although differences in the magnitude of exposure were small overall. Our multivariable models showed that the associations between ethnic minorities and pollutant concentration appear to be substantially affected by area-level SES. Our results suggested that these vulnerable subpopulations are inequitably exposed to PM2.5 and NO2. While the magnitude of differences in exposure were generally small, the predicted differences in exposure among vulnerable subpopulations could contribute to a potentially avertable health burden at a population-level.
Monophyly of the Piciformes: A Reply to Olson
Authors: Raikow Robert J. , Cracraft Joel 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Olson (1983) questioned the hypothesis that the order Piciformes is monophyletic and suggested instead that each piciform suborder is allied with a nonpiciform group. His attempt to discredit the synapomorphies joining the Galbulae and Pici is refuted by corrections of his interpretations of previous work. The Piciformes share a complex derived hindlimb morphology involving zygodactyly, a tripartite flexor hallucis longus, and Type VI flexor tendons. Olson's argument for polyphyly combines inadequate data with the inappropriate technique of equating general overall similarity with affinity. His hypothesis is therefore rejected. Problems concerning fossil taxa are also discussed. Based on current information, we believe that a monophyletic origin of the Piciformes remains the hypothesis of choice.
Harlan's Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis harlani): A Valid Subspecies
Authors: Mindell David P. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
During surveys of 19 different rivers in central and southwestern Alaska, north of the Alaska Peninsula, all Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis) seen were either B. j. harlani or harlani intergrades, demonstrating that harlani does have a breeding range exclusive of other Red-tailed Hawk subspecies and is, therefore, a legitimate subspecies. The range of harlani intergrades was widespread and overlapped the harlani breeding range entirely. The findings presented suggest that the breeding range for harlani and its intergrade forms, exclusive of other Red-tailed Hawk subspecies, is: west to Norton Sound, east to the Alaska Range west slope, north to the tree line, and south to the Alaska Peninsula. Harlani may have diverged morphologically from other Red-tailed Hawks by isolation in a Pleistocene epoch glacial refugium, as has been suggested for other northern bird groups. The possibility of paripatric speciation, however, must also be considered. The characteristics of red in the tail (even small amounts) and white body plumage are discussed as likely intergrade traits.
Variability in Island Populations of the House Finch
Authors: Power Dennis M. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Coefficients of variation and generalized variances are compared for nine morphological characters from five mainland and four island populations of the House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus). The purpose is to test the idea that variability is reduced in isolated populations and that there is a "population variation parameter" that determines the level of variation in most characters. Variability is greater in bill characters for Guadalupe and San Benito Islands than for mainland and other island populations. There are no consistent differences among samples in variability of wing, tail, or hind-limb characters, except for a tendency toward increased tarsus-length variability in a southern Baja California population and reduced variability in this character in San Clemente Island and Guadalupe Island populations. In bill characters, increased variability is found in the most divergent populations. The results do not support the generalization that geographic (= genetic) isolation per se causes much of a change in variability in island populations of birds, nor is there support for the idea of a pervasive quality of the gene pool that determines the level of variability in most characters.
Population Studies of the Polyandrous Spotted Sandpiper
Authors: Oring Lewis W. , Lank David B. , Maxson Stephen J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
A color-banded population of Spotted Sandpipers (Actitis macularia) was studied over a 10-yr period on Little Pelican Island, Leech Lake, Minnesota. A total of 75 females and 107 males bred for 144 ♀ ♀ yr and 200 ♂ ♂ yr. The observed skew in the population sex ratio was due primarily to behavioral exclusion of inexperienced females. Density appeared to limit population size and productivity. Locally hatched chicks accounted for 31% and 40% of the breeding females in the final 2 yr. Females laid eggs for 1.35-2.06 males per year. Experienced females had significantly more mates, eggs, chicks, and fledglings than did inexperienced females. Locally hatched chicks accounted for 21% and 19% of the breeding males in the final 2 yr. Males mated with 1.0-1.4 females per year. Experienced males had more mates and received more replacement eggs than did inexperienced males; in contrast to females, however, inexperienced males had no less hatching or fledging success than did experienced males. Thirty-eight marked females and 16 marked males tried unsuccessfully to enter the population, and 6 females and no males were observed to be nonbreeders all season long. Of 1,142 eggs, 442 hatched and 256 fledged. Experienced birds returned to breed more often in subsequent years than did inexperienced ones (61% vs. 50%). Return rates of successful birds were consistently higher than those of unsuccessful birds, the difference decreasing with age. Young males appeared to be less site-faithful than were females and older males. Successfully breeding females lived an average of 3.7 yr. Relative to other scolopacids with multipurpose territories, the Spotted Sandpiper is considered a pioneering species that quickly and frequently colonizes new sites, emigrates in response to reproductive failure, breeds first at an early age, lives a relatively short time, lays many eggs per female per year, and has relatively low nest success.
Pacific Coast Caspian Terns: Dynamics of an Expanding Population
Authors: Gill Robert E. , Mewaldt L. Richard 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nesting distribution, age-related seasonal movements, survivorship, and mechanisms of population expansion in Pacific Coast Caspian Terns (Sterna caspia) were examined primarily through analysis of 412 recoveries of birds banded as juveniles between 1935 and 1980. Since the beginning of this century, the population has shifted from nesting in numerous small colonies associated with freshwater marshes in interior California and southern Oregon to nesting primarily in large colonies on human-created habitats along the coast. Colonies at Grays Harbor, Washington and San Francisco and San Diego bays, California account for 77% of the current Pacific Coast population (6,000 pairs), which has breeding and wintering areas separate from those of populations east of the continental divide. There also appears to be some segregation on the wintering grounds by birds from the three major colonies within the Pacific population. Age-related seasonal movements in the Pacific population are characterized by (1) a brief period of northward dispersal by newly fledged birds before migrating to the wintering grounds, (2) a residency on the wintering grounds through their second winter, (3) a return to the breeding grounds the third summer, when most birds are thought to prospect breeding sites and some may breed, and (4) attainment of adulthood the fourth summer, with subsequent annual movements between wintering and breeding grounds.
The Pacific population has increased 70% since 1960, apparently all by intrinsic growth. Over half (57%) of the fledglings reach their fourth year, and they have a subsequent annual survival rate of 89% and a mean breeding life expectancy of 8.6 yr. An average annual fledging rate of 0.64 young per pair was calculated as necessary to have provided the observed growth of the population during its recent expansion. Growth of some of the individual colonies, however, particularly those in Washington, could only have resulted from extensive recruitment of birds from other Pacific Coast colonies. Philopatry is low in this population, and the growth of the northern colonies involved recruitment primarily of first-time breeders but also of some older adults. Factors promoting both first-time breeders and older adults to join new and often distant colonies are discussed.
“Replacements” of Landbird Species on Socorro Island, Mexico
Authors: Jehl Joseph R. , Parkes Kenneth C. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The endemic dove Zenaida graysoni of Socorro Island, an oceanic island in the Pacific south of Baja California, became extirpated between 1958 and 1978, and the endemic mockingbird Mimodes graysoni diminished during the same years and was approaching extinction by 1981. The mainland Mourning Dove Z. macroura became established on Socorro between (probably) 1971 and 1978, and the mainland Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos between 1978 and 1981. Superficially an instance of replacement of island endemics by mainland relatives through competitive exclusion, the case is actually more complicated. We argue that extermination of the endemics was probably caused by predation by feral cats introduced in 1957 or later. There is no evidence of any actual competition between the pairs of species, and their preferred habitats overlap only slightly. We attribute the nearly concurrent establishment of the two invading species, known to have occurred frequently as casual visitors to Socorro and other islands, largely to the provision of fresh water made available as a result of human settlement. Our data show that simple comparison of island species lists compiled at intervals is an inadequate base for theories of island species turnover.
The Laying Cycle of Brown-Headed Cowbirds: Passerine Chickens?
Authors: Scott D. M. , Ankney C. Davison 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We collected 270 female Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in southern Ontario in 1976 to determine ovarian and oviducal growth during the breeding season and 188 female cowbirds in 1977 to estimate clutch size and the interval between clutches. Ovaries and oviducts grew rapidly in April, reached breeding size in early May, and remained at this size, without regression between clutches, until the end of the breeding season in early July. Ovaries and oviducts then regressed rapidly and by the end of July weighed about the same as those in early April. The clutch size averaged about 4.0-4.6 eggs, similar to clutch sizes of nonparasitic icterids. It varied greatly from 1 egg, in about 10% of the birds, to about 7 eggs. Two days without laying usually separated consecutive clutches, but some birds appeared to miss laying for only 1 day. Although atresia of large yolky follicles was common in birds between clutches, it did not always precede the end of a clutch. The long reproductive period without regression and the short interval between clutches are atypical of passerine reproduction. Rather, the laying cycle of cowbirds is similar to that of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus). The laying cycle of cowbirds seems adapted to a continuous supply of host nests; atresia may be related to a shortage of nests.
Additions to the Avifauna of Honduras
Authors: Marcus Mickey J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
I report specimens and sight records of 15 species new to Honduras: Mesembrinibis cayennensis, Falco femoralis, Anous minutus, Ara ambigua, Chalybura urochrysia, Baryphthengus martii, Myrmeciza exsul, Hylopezus perspicillatus, Conopias parva, Lophotriccus pileatus, Dacnis cayana, Vermivora ruficapilla, Tachyphonus delatrii, Pitylus grossus, and Sporophila schistacea. Twelve additional range extensions within Honduras are reported for species that reach their northern limit of distribution in the lowland forests of the Mosquitia region: Tigrisoma lineatum, Leucopternis semiplumbea, Ortalis cinereiceps, Ramphastos swainsonii, Myrmotherula fulviventris, Myrmotherula axillaris, Hylophylax naevioides, Phaenostictus mcleannani, Colonia colonus, Myiozetetes granadensis, Cyporhinus phaeocephalus, and Cacicus uropygialis. With the exception of Anous minutus, Falco femoralis, and Vermivora ruficapilla, all records are range extentions from the south. Some of the northward range extensions into the forests of eastern Honduras from the contiguous forests of Nicaragua were expected, but other records indicate notable range extensions. A list is provided of those species that currently reach their northernmost distribution in Nicaragua and whose presence may be expected in adjacent regions of Honduras. The extensive humid forests in the departments of Olancho and Gracias a Dios are the northernmost limits of numerous species, which may be prevented from further northward dispersal by biogeographic barriers.
Feeding-Site Selection and Foraging Strategies of American Woodcock
Authors: Rabe Dale L. , Prince Harold H. , Beaver Donald L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Live-trapped, adult American Woodcock (Scolopax minor) were tested in a series of laboratory experiments designed to evaluate the role of soil as a proximal cue for selecting feeding sites and to investigate foraging strategies for capturing earthworms (Lumbricidae). Foraging trials were conducted in a circular arena and showed that color, which tends to be correlated with the soil types and moisture regimes preferred by earthworms, was an important proximal cue for selecting feeding sites. Woodcock captured earthworms most efficiently in areas of relatively high prey density, because they used a nonrandom search pattern following an initial capture.