bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal examination of the interpersonal theory of suicide and effects of school‐based suicide prevention interventions in a multinational study of adolescents
Authors: Barzilay Shira , Apter Alan , Snir Avigal , Carli Vladimir , Hoven Christina W. , Sarchiapone Marco , Hadlaczky Gergö , Balazs Judit , Kereszteny Agnes , Brunner Romuald , Kaess Michael , Bobes Julio , Saiz Pilar A. , Cosman Doina , Haring Christian , Banzer Raphaela , McMahon Elaine , Keeley Helen , Kahn Jean‐Pierre , Postuvan Vita , Podlogar Tina , Sisask Merike , Varnik Airi , Wasserman Danuta 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundPredictions of two different models for suicide attempts (SA) over 12 months, as differentially impacted by specific school‐based suicide prevention interventions, were compared. These were as follows: (a) interpersonal theory (IPTS) and (b) a two‐pathway model, one path associated with externalizing symptoms and continuum of self‐harm behaviors, and the other with internalizing symptoms.MethodsSelf‐report questionnaires were completed by 11,110 high school students from ten EU countries enrolled in the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE) study. Baseline measures included perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness from parents and peers, health risk behaviors, self‐injury, suicide ideation (SI), and attempts (SA). SI and SA were reassessed at 12‐month follow‐up. Each model's predictions of SI and SA groups over time (i.e., repeated SA, remitted SA, SA onset, and no SA) were estimated in the no intervention/control group. The superior model was estimated across intervention groups.ResultsInterpersonal theory showed better fit compared to the two‐pathway model. In partial agreement with IPTS predictions, parental low belongingness but not peer belongingness or burdensomeness predicted greater likelihood of SI. The likelihood of repeated SA versus no SA was higher among adolescents who reported SI, self‐injury, risk behaviors, and particularly both SI and self‐injury. All three interventions attenuated the combined effect of SI and self‐injury. Youth Aware of Mental Health Program (YAM) additionally decreased the effect of risk behaviors on the likelihood of repeated SA.ConclusionsInterpersonal theory assumptions were partially supported. Perceived interpersonal difficulties with parents were primarily related with SI, and risk behaviors and self‐injury were important predictors of SA. Suicide prevention interventions may be effective by mitigating the hazardous effect of varying self‐harm behaviors and may be further advanced by increasing parental involvement.
Intrinsic neural circuitry of depression in adolescent females
Authors: Jin Jingwen , Van Snellenberg Jared X. , Perlman Greg , DeLorenzo Christine , Klein Daniel N. , Kotov Roman , Mohanty Aprajita 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAdolescence is characterized by affective and cognitive changes that increase vulnerability to depression, especially in females. Neurodevelopmental models attribute adolescent depression to abnormal responses in amygdala, striatum, and prefrontal cortex (PFC). We examined whether the strength of functional brain networks involving these regions predicts depression symptoms in adolescent females.MethodsIn this longitudinal study, we recorded resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) in 174 adolescent females. Using a cross‐validation strategy, we related RSFC profiles that included (a) a network consisting of amygdala, striatum, and PFC (within‐circuit model), (b) connectivity of this network to the whole brain (extended‐circuit model), and (c) a network consisting of the entire brain (whole‐brain model) to depression symptoms assessed concurrently and 18 months later.ResultsIn testing subsets, the within‐circuit RSFC profiles were associated with depression symptoms concurrently and 18 months later, while the extended‐circuit and whole‐brain model did not explain any additional variance in depression symptoms. Connectivity related to anterior cingulate and ventromedial prefrontal cortex contributed most to the association.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that RSFC‐based brain networks that include amygdala, striatum, and PFC are stable neural signatures of concurrent and future depression symptoms, representing a significant step toward identifying the neural mechanism of depression in adolescence.
Effect of acaricidal compound extracted from Arachis hypogaea Linn against Tetranychus cinnabarinus
Authors: Liu Ya‐ya , Liu Jia , Gao Yan‐jin , Yao Jian‐hua , Zhao Jie , Dai Guang‐hui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSix plant crude extracts were chosen to evaluate their acaricidal activity against Tetranychus cinnabarinus adults. The crude extract from the stems and leaves of Arachis hypogaea L. presented the highest activity in leaf‐dip bioassays, with an LC50 value of 3,545.98 mg/L. Further extraction using four different solvents (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n‐butyl alcohol and distilled water) demonstrated that the active components mainly existed in the petroleum ether phase. Then, the active compound, palmitic acid, was isolated from the petroleum ether phase via two‐step column chromatography using columns filled with silica gel and C‐18 and identified via mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. The LC50 value of active palmitic acid against T. cinnabarinus was 534.58 mg/L. The present study demonstrated that the active compound extracted from A. hypogaea is a potential novel botanical acaricide for controlling T. cinnabarinus.
Chemical ecology of Cyclocephala forsteri (Melolonthidae), a threat to macauba oil palm cultivars (Acrocomia aculeata, Arecaceae)
Authors: Maia Artur Campos Dália , Reis Letícia Koutchin , Navarro Daniela Maria do Amaral Ferraz , Aristone Flavio , Colombo Carlos Augusto , Carreño‐Barrera Javier , Núñez‐Avellaneda Luis Alberto , Santos Geanne Karla Novais 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe environmental unsustainability of African oil palm crops is a growing worldwide concern, and the macauba palm in tropical Southern America surges as the most viable substitute for the production of first‐generation biodiesel as a renewable fuel. Large‐scale cultivation of the macauba palm, however, is bound to suffer a major setback due to the fast emergence of a florivorous pest threat, Cyclocephala forsteri, a scarab beetle species that can severely reduce fruit yield. Like other congenerics, female and male C. forsteri are night‐foraging and driven in large numbers to macauba palm inflorescences by specific volatile organic compounds. In the present study, we assessed the kairomonal cues involved in this plant–florivore interaction and their potential application in selective pest management strategies. Headspace samples of the floral fragrance of macauba palms at our study site in Central Brazil were largely dominated by 4‐methylanisole (>97% relative amount), which along with the minor constituents 2‐isopropyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine and 2‐sec‐butyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine triggered electroantennographic responses from both female and male C. forsteri. Field behavioural assays evidenced that beetles of this species were exclusively attracted to scented traps baited with 4‐methylanisole. Increased total scent discharge attained with an ultrasonic piezoelectric diffuser has positively influenced attractiveness efficiency of the trapping setup. 4‐Methylanisole is hereby identified as yet another volatile kairomone involved in highly selective attraction of potential pest florivorous cyclocephaline scarabs associated with economically exploitable palms and should be viewed as a key element in short‐term integrated management plans for the cultivation of the macauba palm in South America.
Burned out or “just” depressed? An existential phenomenological exploration of burnout
Authors: Engebretsen Karin Mohn , Bjorbækmo Wenche Schrøder 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRationale, aim, and objectiveAn increasing number of patients are on sick leave from work due to fatigue‐ and pain‐related symptoms that could indicate burnout. The aetiology is unknown, and recently, it has been considered whether burnout should be a distinct medical diagnosis or “just” a form of depression. Little attention has been given to these individuals' experiences. Therefore, we conducted a phenomenological study to explore burnout from a first person perspective. The aim of the study was to obtain a deeper understanding of burnout as phenomenon.Theoretical perspective and methodWe are inspired by Merleau‐Ponty's phenomenological approach and gestalt theory. The phenomenological focus is to attend to the embodied consciousness of the lived experience of being human. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was chosen to uncover how the interviewees made meaning of their situation. Six individuals who had been on sick leave at 50% to 100% for at least 3 months due to fatigue‐ and pain‐related symptoms were interviewed.ResultsFour narrative phases mirroring burnout as a temporal sequence stood out: achievement, pressure, psychosomatic collapse, and personal meaning and reorientation. We identified several interruptions to contact, which seemed to boost the interviewees' ability to continue striving beyond their limits. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of how complex factors might influence individual vulnerability and lead to a fatigue reaction.ConclusionThe findings indicate that lack of recognition of the interviewees' illness may have affected the healing process. When understanding burnout as an intersubjective, lived, contextual, and temporal experience, it is important to take the implications of such factors into consideration for both medical theory and clinical practice. On the basis of our findings, we argue that reducing burnout to a form of depression will neither solve the problem of its unknown aetiology nor provide for meaningful individual health care.
Digestive enzyme activity of the Japanese grenadier anchovyCoilia nasusduring spawning migration: influence of the migration distance and the water temperature
Authors: Ma Fengjiao , Yang Yanping , Jiang Min , Yin Denghua , Liu Kai 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the activity levels of two major digestive enzymes (pepsin and lipase) in the commercially important Japanese grenadier anchovyCoilia nasusduring its upstream migration to analyse the digestive physiological responses to starvation and to analyse the influence of the water temperature on enzyme activity. Water temperature had a significant effect on pepsin activity, while long‐term starvation resulted in a significant decrease in pepsin activity. As starvation continued, however, a slight increase in pepsin activity between the Wuhu (440 river km) and Anqing (620 river km) regions may indicate thatC. nasushad refeeding behaviour due to its large expenditure of energy reserves. In contrast, lipase activity was not significantly affected by the water temperature but the effect of fasting increased as much as 13% of lipase activity from the Chongming region (20 river km) to Anqing region, suggesting that the stored lipids of grenadier anchovy were mobilised to meet energy requirements of upstream migration activity and gonad development. Lipid mobilisation activated lipoprotein lipase (LPL; proteins with lipase activity) to hydrolyse triacylglycerides (TAG), which is the first step of lipid assimilation and obtained energy from fatty acids under fasting conditions. Therefore, the increased lipase activity is attributed mainly to the lipase that is involved in endogenous lipid hydrolysis. Grenadier anchovy appears to adapt to long‐term starvation during migration and the increased lipase activity may indicate a crucial effect on lipid metabolism. This study demonstrated that distinct alterations occur in pepsin and lipase activities during the spawning migration of grenadier anchovy due to exogenous nutrition and endogenous metabolism. Furthermore, it provides a basis for further research on the digestive physiology and energy metabolism in this species.
Kids are Different: The United States Supreme Court Reforms Youth Sentencing Practices for Youth Prosecuted in the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Levick Marsha 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn a series of decisions issued between 2005‐2016, the United States Supreme Court relied on emerging scientific research detailing the developmental differences between children and adults to revamp its juvenile sentencing jurisprudence under the Eighth Amendment. The research established that youth’s developmental immaturity reduces their culpability for their criminal conduct, while also demonstrating their heightened capacity for change and rehabilitation. The Court focused on the most extreme sentences for youth, banning the imposition of the death penalty on youth under the age of eighteen in Roper v. Simmons (2005), and severely limiting the availability of life without parole sentences even for youth convicted of murder, in Graham v Florida (2010) and Miller v Alabama (2012). This article traces the Court’s evolution in reviewing sentences for youth in our justice system, and considers how the Court’s reasoning in these cases may influence further reforms in the justice system’s treatment of youth looking ahead.
Hemorrhoidal disease and chronic venous insufficiency: Concomitance or coincidence; results of the CHORUS study (Chronic venous and HemORrhoidal diseases evalUation and Scientific research)
Authors: Godeberge Philippe , Sheikh Parvez , Zagriadskiĭ Evgeny , Lohsiriwat Varut , Montaño Abel Jalife , Košorok Pavle , De Schepper Heiko 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and AimThe CHORUS study (Chronic venous and HemORrhoidal diseases evalUation and Scientific research) was conducted to provide data on patients presenting with hemorrhoidal disease (HD) in clinical practice and to explore the frequency with which it coexists with chronic venous disease (CVD) and shared risk factors.MethodsThis international, noninterventional study enrolled adult patients attending a consultation for hemorrhoidal complaints. The questionnaire completed by physicians established the subjects' demographic and lifestyle characteristics and collected information on HD grade and symptoms and signs of CVD.ResultsA total of 5617 patients were analyzed. Symptoms commonly reported were bleeding (71.8%), pain (67.4%), swelling (55.0%), itching (44.1%), and prolapse (36.2%). Multivariate analysis revealed the variables with the strongest association with HD severity were older age, higher CVD CEAP (Clinical manifestations, Etiologic factors, Anatomic distribution of disease, and underlying Pathophysiology) class, constipation, and male gender (all P < 0.0001). Elevated BMI was a risk factor for HD recurrence. Among women, number of births had a significant association with both HD grade and recurrence. The presence of CVD, reported in approximately half the patients (51.2%), was strongly associated with advanced grade of HD (P < 0.0001). Treatments most commonly prescribed were venoactive drugs (94.3%), dietary fiber (71.4%), topical treatment (70.3%), analgesics (26.3%), and surgery (23.5%).ConclusionsCHORUS provides a snap shot of current profiles, risk factors, and treatments of patients with HD across the globe. The coexistence of HD and CVD in more than half the study population highlights the importance of examining for CVD among patients with a hemorrhoid diagnosis, particularly when shared risk factors are present.
How does testosterone act to regulate a multifaceted adaptive response? Lessons from studies of the avian song system
Authors: Ball Gregory F. , Madison Farrah N. , Balthazart Jacques , Alward Beau A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn male songbirds, song functions to attract a mate or to defend a territory; it is therefore often produced in the context of reproduction. Testosterone of gonadal origin increases during the reproductive phase of the annual cycle and significantly enhances song production, as well as song development, via effects on song crystallisation. The neural control of birdsong production and learning is highly modular. We implanted testosterone or androgen antagonists into specific brain regions or in the periphery of castrated male canaries and, in this way, identified how androgen signalling in specific locations regulates a variety of birdsong features. For example, castrated male canaries treated with testosterone in the preoptic area only and exposed to long days sing at high rates compared to castrated male canaries not treated with testosterone. However, these birds with testosterone in the preoptic area still produce songs with substantially lower song stereotypy and amplitude; these features are controlled by testosterone acting in the song control nucleiHVCand robust nucleus of the arcopallium. Specific aspects of the learned singing behaviour are thus regulated by androgens acting at multiple levels in the brain in a non‐redundant fashion. The action of testosterone in the preoptic area is related to the hormonal regulation of the motivation to sing but not to various aspects of song performance. Multiple aspects of song quality are instead precisely regulated by steroids acting in distinct song control nuclei. Females exert a strong choice for specific features of male song in canaries and this choice is influenced by the endocrine state of the female. The female song system is also involved in song production, as well as song perception, although the specificity of this hormone action has not yet been investigated.
Quantification of the regional bioarchitecture in the human aorta
Authors: Concannon J. , Dockery P. , Black A. , Sultan S. , Hynes N. , McHugh P. E. , Moerman K. M. , McGarry J. P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRegional variance in human aortic bioarchitecture responsible for the elasticity of the vessel is poorly understood. The current study quantifies the elements responsible for aortic compliance, namely, elastin, collagen and smooth muscle cells, using histological and stereological techniques on human tissue with a focus on regional heterogeneity. Using donated cadaveric tissue, a series of samples were excised between the proximal ascending aorta and the distal abdominal aorta, for five cadavers, each of which underwent various staining procedures to enhance specific constituents of the wall. Using polarised light microscopy techniques, the orientation of collagen fibres was studied for each location and each tunical layer of the aorta. Significant transmural and longitudinal heterogeneity in collagen fibre orientations were uncovered throughout the vessel. It is shown that a von Mises mixture model is required accurately to fit the complex collagen fibre distributions that exist along the aorta. Additionally, collagen and smooth muscle cell density was observed to increase with increasing distance from the heart, whereas elastin density decreased. Evidence clearly demonstrates that the aorta is a highly heterogeneous vessel which cannot be simplistically represented by a single compliance value. The quantification and fitting of the regional aortic bioarchitectural data, although not without its limitations, including mean cohort age of 77.6 years, facilitates the development of next‐generation finite element models that can potentially simulate the influence of regional aortic composition and microstructure on vessel biomechanics.
Human placental villi contain stromal macrovesicles associated with networks of stellate cells
Authors: Palaiologou E. , Etter O. , Goggin P. , Chatelet D. S. , Johnston D. A. , Lofthouse E. M. , Doherty R. , Pearson‐Farr J. , Sengers B. G. , Torrens C. , Cleal J. K. , Page A. M. , Lewis R. M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPlacental function is essential for fetal development and establishing the foundations for lifelong health. The placental villous stroma is a connective tissue layer that supports the fetal capillaries and villous trophoblast. All the nutrients that cross the placenta must also cross the stroma, and yet little is known about this region. This study uses high‐resolution three‐dimensional imaging to explore the structural complexity of this region within the placental villi. Serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy were used to image the placental villous stroma in three‐dimensions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to generate high resolution two‐dimensional images. Stereological approaches were used to quantify volumes of stromal constituents. Three‐dimensional imaging identified stromal extracellular vesicles, which constituted 3.9% of the villous stromal volume. These stromal extracellular vesicles were ovoid in shape, had a median length of 2750 nm (range 350–7730 nm) and TEM imaging confirmed that they were bounded by a lipid bilayer. Fifty‐nine per cent of extracellular vesicles were in contact with a fibroblast‐like stellate cell and these vesicles were significantly larger than those where no contact was observed. These stellate cells formed local networks with adherent junctions observed at contact points. This study demonstrates that the villous stroma contains extracellular macrovesicles which are considerably larger than any previously described in tissue or plasma. The size and abundance of these macrovesicles in the villous stroma highlight the diversity of extracellular vesicle biology and their roles within connective tissues.
Gut feeling: A grounded theory study to identify clinical educators' reasoning processes in putting students on a learning contract
Authors: El Hussein Mohamed Toufic , Fast Olive 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimTo develop a substantive theoretical explanation that makes sense of the decision‐making process that clinical instructors use to place students on a learning contract.BackgroundClinical instructors are challenged with the task of objectively evaluating students using subjective tools such as anecdotal notes, diaries, unstructured observations and verbal feedback from other nurses. Clinical instructors' assessment decisions have a considerable impact on a variety of key stakeholders, not least of all students.DesignGrounded theory method and its heuristic tools including the logic of constant comparison, continuous memoing and theoretical sampling to serve conceptualisation were used in the process of data collection and analysis.MethodsSeventeen individual semi‐structured interviews with clinical instructors in one university in Western Canada were conducted between May 2016–May 2017. Data were analysed using open, axial and selective coding consistent with grounded theory methodology. The study was checked for the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR) criteria (See Appendix S1).FindingsThree subcategories, “brewing trouble,” “unpacking thinking” and “benchmarking” led to the study's substantive theoretical explanation. “Gut feeling” demonstrates how clinical instructors reason in their decision‐making process to place a student on a learning contract.ConclusionPlacing a student on a learning contract is impacted by personal, professional and institutional variables that together shift the process of evaluation towards subjectivity, thus influencing students' competency. A system‐level approach, focusing on positive change through implementing innovative assessment strategies, such as using a smart phone application, is needed to provide some degree of consistency and objectivity.Relevance to clinical practiceMaking visible the objective assessments currently being done by clinical instructors has the potential to change organisational standards, which in turn impact patient and clinical outcomes.