bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La circoncision des femmes en Afrique : repenser les politiques de santé
Authors: Rochon Christiane 
Published: May 2018

Lors de son passage au Mali en novembre 2006, la Gouverneur Général du Canada, Mme Michaëlle Jean a déclaré qu’elle appuyait le Protocole de Maputo qui « stipule clairement que la pratique des mutilations génitales féminines est une violation des droits fondamentaux de la personne » et souhaitait que « plus une seule petite Malienne ne soit soumise à ce supplice ». La pratique de la circoncision féminine en Afrique est ainsi définie comme un acte de violence à l’égard de femmes et des filles et le signe d’inégalités sociales reliées au genre. Elle est associée au viol, au trafic humain, à l’avortement forcé et à l’infanticide des bébés filles. Cette approche féministe quant à la circoncision féminine ne tient pas compte de la complexité culturelle, émotionnelle et cognitive de la pratique. Les politiques de santé interdisent la pratique, la rendant même illégale, et s’opposent à toute médicalisation. Elles n’ont toutefois pas réussi à faire diminuer la pratique. Malgré cet échec, ces politiques demeurent incontestées. Nous croyons que ces politiques constituent une forme d’intolérance et même d’impérialisme culturel à l’égard des femmes africaines. En effet, alors qu’une forte mobilisation s’est crée autour de la circoncision féminine, un silence incompréhensible s’établit à l’égard d’autres pratiques traditionnelles qui affectent la santé et l’intégrité des enfants, ainsi qu’au sujet de pratiques similaires en Occident. Par compassion et par respect pour les filles africaines, il est temps de revoir les politiques pour obtenir de vrais changements à partir d’approche telles que la réduction du risque et les modèles de changement de comportement.
Quelles salles de cinéma en Afrique sud saharienne francophone ?
Authors: Forest Claude 
Published: May 2018

L’auteur de cet article revient sur les causes ayant provoqué la disparition des salles de cinéma en Afrique sud saharienne, phénomène propre à cette étendue géographique vaste comme treize fois la France. Après l’immobilisme du duopole français COMACICO-SECMA qui a cumulé durant un demi-siècle les fonctions d’importation et de distribution de la quasi-totalité des films, d’exploitation directe de la majorité du parc et de programmation des autres salles de la zone, l’aveuglement idéologique et la défense à court terme des intérêts corporatifs des cinéastes africains durant les deux décennies suivant les indépendances ont signé la disparition de toute la filière cinéma dans les années 1980. La méconnaissance des marchés internationaux de la distribution, l’absence de formation des exploitants, l’atomisation des marchés qui se sont repliés sur le pré carré national, le refus d’une billetterie contrôlée par la puissance publique, auxquels s’ajoutent la corruption et le piratage : les bases minimales d’une régulation étatique des marchés manquent encore, empêchant toujours la reconstruction des salles comme de toute la filière cinématographique.
Les salles de cinéma en Inde, un territoire à conquérir : perspectives historiques
Authors: Srour Némésis 
Published: May 2018

Les recherches sur l’histoire du cinéma en Inde, et en particulier celles sur le cinéma des premiers temps, attestent d’un manque cruel de sources, d’archives et de conservation des films. Comment documenter alors une histoire peu traitée, celle des salles de cinéma, sur un territoire aussi vaste ? Cet article, nullement exhaustif, cherche à mettre en évidence, de façon diachronique, les grands enjeux de l’exploitation en Inde. Des débuts du cinéma jusqu’à nos jours, une problématique de fond persiste : la conquête des zones rurales et de ses publics. À cette opposition entre territoires urbains et territoires ruraux se superpose, en ville, celle de la distinction entre différentes classes de cinémas. Variant dans la forme, ces analyses montrent toutefois une permanence de problèmes structurels, entre pénurie de salles et fortes disparités territoriales. Le déploiement des multiplexes, et de ses avatars en taille réduite, les miniplexes et les valueplexes, semble ouvrir la brèche des potentialités des marchés ruraux.
Vacances romaines. Sur La Sapienza d’Eugène Green
Authors: Dulong Guillaume 
Published: May 2018

L’auteur de cet article interroge la place de Rome dans le film d’Eugène Green La Sapienza (2014), par une analyse des présupposés métaphysiques et sémiologiques de sa poétique du cinématographe. L’auteur explique en quoi Rome illustre l’acte cinématographique en tant que « ville cachée » et ce que nous apprend la comparaison des cinéastes et architectes quant à la définition de l’auteur d’une oeuvre. Pour ce faire, l’expression « présence réelle » appliquée à la ville est examinée dans le sillage d’une esthétique néoplatonicienne pour montrer que l’identité paradoxale de référence du toponyme polysémique de « Rome » suppose une situation de communication poétique. Elle renvoie à un vécu d’hospitalité et de retour sur soi, mis en perspective avec le Journal de voyage en Italie par la Suisse et l’Allemagne en 1580 et 1581 de Montaigne. Par la suite, espaces urbains et filmiques sont comparés afin d’exposer la part du vide comme élément de composition de ce dernier. Le vide se comprend alors comme réceptivité de la lumière, patience. S’ensuit enfin une étude des analogies entre architecte et cinéaste et de la théorie esthétique de l’auteur les sous-tendant.
EVALUACIÓN PROSPECTIVA DE LA EFICIENCIA ECONÓMICA DE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE FRIJOL EN LA PROVINCIA SANTIAGO DE CUBA
Authors: Pacheco Feria Ulises , Castellanos Dorado Rosa Marina , Morales Pérez Milagros 
Published: May 2018

Resumen. El objetivo del artículo es evaluarla eficiencia económica de la producción de frijol, con un enfoque prospectivo en la provincia Santiago de Cuba. La evaluación se realizó mediante el Método de impactos cruzados y el Método multicriterio y política de Michel Godet (1994) y permitió diseñar siete escenarios (pesimista, optimista, apuesta y cuatro alternativos). Se demostró que en el escenario apuesta se cumplen cinco de las seis hipótesis por lo que se evalúan de bien la eficiencia productiva y la asignativa, y de regular la distributiva. Las políticas diseñadas contribuyen al logro del objetivo propuesto por el Programa de Desarrollo Integral de Granos en la provincia Santiago de Cuba, al incremento de los rendimientos y la producción de granos con una reducción significativa de los costos, logrando producciones sostenibles en rubros que constituyen sustitución de importaciones (maíz y frijol) para, finalmente, coadyuvar al incremento del consumo.

Palabras clave: eficiencia económica, eficiencia productiva, eficiencia asignativa, eficiencia distributiva, prospectiva, escenario apuesta.

Abstract. The objective of the article is to evaluate the economic efficiency of the bean production, with a prospective focus in Santiago de Cuba. The evaluation was carried out by means of the Method of crossed impacts and the Method multi-criterion and politics of Michel Godet (1994) and it allowed to design seven scenarios (pessimist, optimist, bet and four alternative). It was demonstrated the best scenario performs five of the six hypotheses therefore the productive and allocative efficiency gets a good evaluation and the distributive a regular evaluation. The designed policies contribute to the achievement of the objective proposed by the Program of Integral Development of Grains in Santiago de Cuba, to the increment of the yields and the production of grains with a significant reduction of the costs, achieving sustainable productions in items that constitute substitution of imports (corn and bean) in order to cooperate to the increment of the consumption.

Key words: economic efficiency, productive efficiency, allocative efficiency, distributive, prospective efficiency, bet scenario.
The complete chloroplast genome ofColobanthus apetalus(Labill.) Druce: genome organization and comparison with related species
Authors: Androsiuk Piotr , Jastrzębski Jan Paweł , Paukszto Łukasz , Okorski Adam , Pszczółkowska Agnieszka , Chwedorzewska Katarzyna Joanna , Koc Justyna , Górecki Ryszard , Giełwanowska Irena 
Published: May 2018

Colobanthus apetalusis a member of the genusColobanthus, one of the 86 genera of the large family Caryophyllaceae which groups annual and perennial herbs (rarely shrubs) that are widely distributed around the globe, mainly in the Holarctic. The genusColobanthusconsists of 25 species, includingColobanthus quitensis, an extremophile plant native to the maritime Antarctic. Complete chloroplast (cp) genomes are useful for phylogenetic studies and species identification. In this study, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to identify the cp genome ofC. apetalus.The complete cp genome ofC. apetalushas the length of 151,228 bp, 36.65% GC content, and a quadripartite structure with a large single copy (LSC) of 83,380 bp and a small single copy (SSC) of 17,206 bp separated by inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,321 bp. The cp genome contains 131 genes, including 112 unique genes and 19 genes which are duplicated in the IRs. The group of 112 unique genes features 73 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, four rRNA genes and five conserved chloroplast open reading frames (ORFs). A total of 12 forward repeats, 10 palindromic repeats, five reverse repeats and three complementary repeats were detected. In addition, a simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis revealed 41 (mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexanucleotide) SSRs, most of which were AT-rich. A detailed comparison ofC. apetalusandC. quitensiscp genomes revealed identical gene content and order. A phylogenetic tree was built based on the sequences of 76 protein-coding genes that are shared by the eleven sequenced representatives of Caryophyllaceae andC. apetalus,and it revealed thatC. apetalusandC. quitensisform a clade that is closely related toSilenespecies andAgrostemma githago. Moreover, the genusSileneappeared as a polymorphic taxon. The results of this study expand our knowledge about the evolution and molecular biology of Caryophyllaceae.
Sample entropy analysis for the estimating depth of anaesthesia through human EEG signal at different levels of unconsciousness during surgeries
Authors: Liu Quan , Ma Li , Fan Shou-Zen , Abbod Maysam F. , Shieh Jiann-Shing 
Published: May 2018

Estimating the depth of anaesthesia (DoA) in operations has always been a challenging issue due to the underlying complexity of the brain mechanisms. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are undoubtedly the most widely used signals for measuring DoA. In this paper, a novel EEG-based index is proposed to evaluate DoA for 24 patients receiving general anaesthesia with different levels of unconsciousness. Sample Entropy (SampEn) algorithm was utilised in order to acquire the chaotic features of the signals. After calculating the SampEn from the EEG signals, Random Forest was utilised for developing learning regression models with Bispectral index (BIS) as the target. Correlation coefficient, mean absolute error, and area under the curve (AUC) were used to verify the perioperative performance of the proposed method. Validation comparisons with typical nonstationary signal analysis methods (i.e., recurrence analysis and permutation entropy) and regression methods (i.e., neural network and support vector machine) were conducted. To further verify the accuracy and validity of the proposed methodology, the data is divided into four unconsciousness-level groups on the basis of BIS levels. Subsequently, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the corresponding index (i.e., regression output). Results indicate that the correlation coefficient improved to 0.72 ± 0.09 after filtering and to 0.90 ± 0.05 after regression from the initial values of 0.51 ± 0.17. Similarly, the final mean absolute error dramatically declined to 5.22 ± 2.12. In addition, the ultimate AUC increased to 0.98 ± 0.02, and the ANOVA analysis indicates that each of the four groups of different anaesthetic levels demonstrated significant difference from the nearest levels. Furthermore, the Random Forest output was extensively linear in relation to BIS, thus with better DoA prediction accuracy. In conclusion, the proposed method provides a concrete basis for monitoring patients’ anaesthetic level during surgeries.
Molecular subtype classification of urothelial carcinoma in Lynch syndrome
Authors: Therkildsen Christina , Eriksson Pontus , Höglund Mattias , Jönsson Mats , Sjödahl Gottfrid , Nilbert Mef , Liedberg Fredrik 
Published: May 2018

Lynch syndrome confers an increased risk for urothelial carcinoma (UC). Molecular subtypes may be relevant to prognosis and therapeutic possibilities, but have to date not been defined in Lynch syndrome‐associated urothelial cancer. We aimed to provide a molecular description of Lynch syndrome‐associated UC. Thus, Lynch syndrome‐associated UCs of the upper urinary tract and the urinary bladder were identified in the Danish hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) register and were transcriptionally and immunohistochemically profiled and further related to data from 307 sporadic urothelial carcinomas. Whole‐genome mRNA expression profiles of 41 tumors and immunohistochemical stainings against FGFR3, KRT5, CCNB1, RB1, and CDKN2A (p16) of 37 tumors from patients with Lynch syndrome were generated. Pathological data, microsatellite instability, anatomic location, and overall survival data were analyzed and compared with sporadic bladder cancer. The 41 Lynch syndrome‐associated UC developed at a mean age of 61 years with 59% women. mRNA expression profiling and immunostaining classified the majority of the Lynch syndrome‐associated UC as urothelial‐like tumors with only 20% being genomically unstable, basal/SCC‐like, or other subtypes. The subtypes were associated with stage, grade, and microsatellite instability. Comparison to larger datasets revealed that Lynch syndrome‐associated UC shares molecular similarities with sporadic UC. In conclusion, transcriptomic and immunohistochemical profiling identifies a predominance of the urothelial‐like molecular subtype in Lynch syndrome and reveals that the molecular subtypes of sporadic bladder cancer are relevant also within this hereditary, mismatch‐repair defective subset.
“Characterization of ELEKTA SRS cone collimator using high spatial resolution monolithic silicon detector array”
Authors: Shukaili Khalsa Al , Corde Stéphanie , Petasecca Marco , Pereveratylo Vladimir , Lerch Michael , Jackson Michael , Rosenfeld Anatoly 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the accuracy of the dosimetry of radiation fields produced by small ELEKTA cone collimators used for stereotactic radiosurgery treatments (SRS) using commercially available detectors EBT3 GafchromicTM film, IBA Stereotactic diode (SFD), and the recently developed detector DUO, which is a monolithic silicon orthogonal linear diode array detector.MethodsThese three detectors were used for the measurement of beam profiles, output factors, and percentage depth dose for SRS cone collimators with cone sizes ranging from 5 to 50 mm diameter. The measurements were performed at 10 cm depth and 90 cm SSD.ResultsThe SRS cone beam profiles measured with DUO, EBT3 film, and IBA SFD agreed well, results being in agreement within ±0.5 mm in the FWHM, and ±0.7 mm in the penumbra region. The output factor measured by DUO with 0.5 mm air gap above agrees within ±1% with EBT3. The OF measured by IBA SFD (corrected for the over‐response) agreed with both EBT3 and DUO within ±2%. All three detectors agree within ±2% for PDD measurements for all SRS cones.ConclusionsThe characteristics of the ELEKTA SRS cone collimator have been evaluated by using a monolithic silicon high spatial resolution detector DUO, EBT3, and IBA SFD diode. The DUO detector is suitable for fast real‐time quality assurance dosimetry in small radiation fields typical for SRS/SRT. This has been demonstrated by its good agreement of measured doses with EBT 3 films.
A Transparent Membrane for Active Noise Cancelation
Authors: Rothemund Philipp , Morelle Xavier P. , Jia Kun , Whitesides George M. , Suo Zhigang 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA method for active noise cancelation that uses an optically transparent membrane is described. The membrane consists of a prestretched hydrophobic elastomer, attached to a rigid frame and sandwiched between two hydrogels swollen with an aqueous solution of salt. The elastomer functions as a dielectric, and the hydrogel functions as an ionic conductor. When the two hydrogels are subjected to a sinusoidal voltage, the membrane generates sound. A linear model for the reflection, transmission, and generation of sound by the membrane in an impedance tube is presented and validated. Active noise cancelation is demonstrated using the linear model and feedforward control. Compared to passive sound absorption, the sound transmission loss across the membrane is improved with active control from an average value of 7 dB to an average value of 16 dB. The transparent membrane may be used to cancel noises through a window, while maintaining its transparency.
Precise Single‐Step Electrophoretic Multi‐Sized Fractionation of Liquid‐Exfoliated Nanosheets
Authors: Tay Dousabel M. Y. , Li Bang Lin , Tan Eveline S. L. , Loh Kian Ping , Leong David Tai 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) 2D nanomaterials' integration into the industry has been hampered by the ability to mass produce nanosheets of designed sizes. Large‐scale exfoliation is possible with liquid‐phase exfoliation, but precise subsequent isolation of a specified size dimension has yet to be realized. Herein, a precise and efficient method for both size fractionation and nanosheet retrieval is demonstrated using electrophoretic isolation of MoS2 nanosheets in low melting agarose. This can be applied to find out the relative size distribution and sizes within a sample of MoS2. Fractionation can be estimated visually by the relative spread of sizes based on their banding within the agarose. The additional degrees of freedom conferred by the agarose allow for more precise design and control over the size selection process. This serves as a quick and easy method of discerning and isolating the desired size range of MoS2 for further downstream applications in a single step. Nanosheets separated by the procedure retain their structural properties and display size dependency shown empirically and theoretically. This technique is versatile and can be varied according to the needs. It may truly bring large‐scale isolation that much needed step closer to industrial scale production.
Stretchable Conductive Fibers Based on a Cracking Control Strategy for Wearable Electronics
Authors: Zhang Bo , Lei Jie , Qi Dianpeng , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Yu , Xiao Gengwu , Wu Jiansheng , Zhang Weina , Huo Fengwei , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStretchability plays an important role in wearable devices. Repeated stretching often causes the conductivity dramatically decreasing due to the damage of the inner conductive layer, which is a fatal and undesirable issue in this field. Herein, a convenient rolling strategy to prepare conductive fibers with high stretchability based on a spiral structure is proposed. With the simple rolling design, low resistance change can be obtained due to confined elongation nof the gold thin‐film cracks, which is caused by the encapsulated effect in such a structure. When the fiber is under 50% strain, the resistance change (R/R0) is about 1.5, which is much lower than a thin film at the same strain (R/R0 ≈ 10). The fiber can even afford a high load strain (up to 100%), but still retain good conductivity. Such a design further demonstrates its capability when it is used as a conductor to confirm signal transfer with low attenuation, which can also be woven into textile to fabricate wearable electronics.
Establishing a publicly available national database of US news articles reporting agriculture‐related injuries and fatalities
Authors: Weichelt Bryan , Salzwedel Marsha , Heiberger Scott , Lee Barbara C. 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundThe AgInjuryNews system and dataset are a news report repository and information source for agricultural safety professionals, policymakers, journalists, and law enforcement officials.MethodsAgInjuryNews was designed as a primary storage and retrieval system that allows users to: identify agricultural injury/fatality events; identify injury agents and emerging issues; provide safety messages for media in anticipation of trends; and raise awareness and knowledge of agricultural injuries and prevention strategies. Data are primarily collected through Google Alerts and a digital media subscription service. Articles are screened, reviewed, coded, and entered into the system.ResultsAs of January 1, 2018, the system contained 3028 unique incidents. Of those, 650 involved youth, and 1807 were fatalities. The system also had registered 329 users from 39 countries.ConclusionsAgInjuryNews combines injury reports into one dataset and may be the most current and comprehensive publicly available collection of news reports on agricultural injuries and deaths.
Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation of Heterobicyclic Alkenes by sp2 C−H Activation
Authors: Dey Arnab , Rathi Anuja , Volla Chandra M. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAn efficient and convenient cobalt(III)‐catalyzed highly diastereoselective strategy was demonstrated for the synthesis of epoxybenzophenanthridinone derivatives. The sp2 C−H activation of N‐methoxybenzamides and their annulation reaction with 7‐oxa/aza benzonorbornadienes proceeds under mild conditions and exhibits excellent functional group tolerance. In addition, the products were transformed to biologically relevant phenanthridinones by an acid‐catalyzed ring opening/aromatization sequence.
Photonic Jet by a Near‐Unity‐Refractive‐Index Sphere on a Dielectric Substrate with High Index Contrast
Authors: Yue Liyang , Yan Bing , Monks James N. , Dhama Rakesh , Wang Zengbo , Minin Oleg V. , Minin Igor V. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPhotonic jets are normally generated in transmission mode and are represented as a spatially localized high‐intensity region on the shadow side of a particle‐lens, with a background to medium refractive index contrast of 1.3–1.7 while illuminated by a plane wave. Here, a photonic jet is discovered in the opposing plane wave propagation direction and lies in the area in the upper boundary of a near‐unity refractive index sphere on a high refractive index dielectric substrate. The redistribution of the power flow is inhibited during the reflected wave passing the near‐unity refractive index sphere. This has led to a unique effect on the focus position and shape of the produced photonic jet in reflection mode which can be maximally maintained near the sphere regardless of the modulation of the refractive index for the dielectric substrate material.
Solid‐State Electrolyte Anchored with a Carboxylated Azo Compound for All‐Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Luo Chao , Ji Xiao , Chen Ji , Gaskell Karen J. , He Xinzi , Liang Yujia , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOrganic electrode materials are promising for green and sustainable lithium‐ion batteries. However, the high solubility of organic materials in the liquid electrolyte results in the shuttle reaction and fast capacity decay. Herein, azo compounds are firstly applied in all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLB) to suppress the dissolution challenge. Due to the high compatibility of azobenzene (AB) based compounds to Li3PS4 (LPS) solid electrolyte, the LPS solid electrolyte is used to prevent the dissolution and shuttle reaction of AB. To maintain the low interface resistance during the large volume change upon cycling, a carboxylate group is added into AB to provide 4‐(phenylazo) benzoic acid lithium salt (PBALS), which could bond with LPS solid electrolyte via the ionic bonding between oxygen in PBALS and lithium ion in LPS. The ionic bonding between the active material and solid electrolyte stabilizes the contact interface and enables the stable cycle life of PBALS in ASSLB.