bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Findings from an expert focus group on psychotropic medication deprescribing practices for children and youth with complex needs
Authors: Theall Laura , Ninan Ajit , Currie Melissa 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionPsychotropic medication can be effective at stabilizing emotional and behavioural disturbances associated with physiological processes in children and youth. When medication benefits, indication or adverse effects are queried, deprescribing should be considered. Current guidelines for deprescribing are mainly for adults/elderly and largely theoretical, not practical, especially for polypharmacy.MethodsAt a tertiary center for children and youth with complex emotional and behavioural needs, physicians on staff have expertise in conducting assessments of medication efficacy, side effect burden, and safety concerns. Deprescribing is routinely undertaken in the context of inpatient and outpatient services in partnership with children/youth and their families. A qualitative initiative leveraged the specialized deprescribing expertise of eight physicians (six psychiatrists and two pediatricians).ResultsEmerging themes were medication review, timing, a stepwise approach, and setting conditions (inpatient and outpatient), with recurring subcategories of patient/family engagement as well as the underlying importance of continuity of care with psychosocial/behavioural supports.DiscussionThe findings from this expert focus group serve as a step towards supporting prescribing clinicians in mindful deprescribing when medications are no longer in the best interest of young patients.
Fine-scale surficial soil moisture mapping using UAS-based L-band remote sensing in a mixed oak-grassland landscape
Authors: Stern Michelle , Ferrell Ryan , Flint Lorraine , Kozanitas Melina , Ackerly David , Elston Jack , Stachura Maciej , Dai Eryan , Thorne James 
Published: November 2024

Soil moisture maps provide quantitative information that, along with climate and energy balance, is critical to integrate with hydrologic processes for characterizing landscape conditions. However, soil moisture maps are difficult to produce for natural landscapes because of vegetation cover and complex topography. Satellite-based L-band microwave sensors are commonly used to develop spatial soil moisture data products, but most existing L-band satellites provide only coarse scale (one to tens of kilometers grid size), information that is unsuitable for measuring soil moisture variation at hillslope or watershed-scales. L-band sensors are typically deployed on satellite platforms and aircraft but have been too large to deploy on small uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS). There is a need for greater spatial resolution and development of effective measures of soil moisture across a variety of natural vegetation types. To address these challenges, a novel UAS-based L-band radiometer system was evaluated that has recently been tested in agricultural settings. In this study, L-band UAS was used to map soil moisture at 3–50-m (m) resolution in a 13 square kilometer (km2) mixed grassland-forested landscape in Sonoma County, California. The results represent the first application of this technology in a natural landscape with complex topography and vegetation. The L-band inversion of the radiative transfer model produced soil moisture maps with an average unbiased root mean squared error (ubRMSE) of 0.07 m3/m3 and a bias of 0.02 m3/m3. Improved fine-scale soil moisture maps developed using UAS-based systems may be used to help inform wildfire risk, improve hydrologic models, streamflow forecasting, and early detection of landslides.
Comparison of Forsythia suspensa leaf fermented tea in the four different regions of Shanxi Province: quality, functional ingredients, and bioactivity
Authors: Li Lijuan , Zhao Yating , Zhang Shu , Zhang Xiaohong , Duan Guofeng 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundForsythia suspensa (F. suspensa) is a plant of the Oleaceae family that is used as a medicinal plant. It is a traditional Chinese medicine that functions in clearing heat and detoxification. F. suspensa contains various phytochemicals, such as lignans, flavonoids, triterpenoids, and phenylethanolic glycosides; however, the main active phytochemical in F. suspensa is phillygenin, which has lipid-lowering, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and tyrosinase inhibitory effects. However, the content of phillygenin in F. suspensa is very low, limiting its application.MethodsThis study used wild F. suspensa leaves (FSL) from Lingchuan County (LC), Anze County (AC), Pingshun County (PS), and Pingding County (PD) in Shanxi Province as experimental materials. Through a single factor and orthogonal experimental design, the fermentation time, temperature, and humidity of F. suspensa leaf fermented tea (FSLFT) were optimized using a black tea fermentation machine. By comparing the differences in phillygrin and phillygenin content in FSL and FSLFT, the optimal production process for increasing phillygenin content in FSLFT was sought. This study also compared the differences in bioactive substance content and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial functions of wild FSLFT from the four counties to evaluate the quality of wild FSLFT from the four counties.ResultsThe optimal technological parameters of Forsythia suspensa leaf fermented tea (FSLFT): fermentation time of 2 h, fermentation humidity of 80%, fermentation temperature of 35°C, the experimental results showed that the order of influence of each factor on phillygenin content was C (fermentation temperature) &gt; A (fermentation time) &gt; B (fermentation humidity). The cellulase activity of FSLFT was significantly higher than that of FSL (P &lt; 0.05). The total volatile compounds of the wild FSLFT from the four counties were 87 volatile aroma components, 13 of which were common aroma components, and the PCA scores ranged from high to low as follows: AZ-FSLFT &gt; LC-FSLFT &gt; PS-FSLFT &gt; PD-FSLFT. The antioxidant effects of the FSLFT were as follows: AZ-FSLFT &gt; LC-FSLFT &gt; PS-FSLFT &gt; PD-FSLFT. PD-FSLFT had the least inhibitory effect on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, whereas AZ-FSLFT had the greatest inhibitory effect.ConclusionFermentation promoted the conversion of phillygrin to phillygenin in FSL, which might be related to the increased cellulase activity in FSL during fermentation. The AZ-FSLFT had the best quality and functional activity, which made sense given its active ingredient content. The AZ-FSLFT had the best quality and functional activity, which made sense given its active ingredient content. This study contributes to the comprehensive development and utilization of F. suspensa leaves for economic and healthcare purposes.
Anatomical study of perigastric fascial space and guidance for laparoscopic approach
Authors: Jin Guoliang , Duan Shuquan , Guan Ana , Wang Zhepeng , Zhang Ranhao , Qiao Wenjuan , Wang Qiuhong , Zheng Liansheng 
Published: November 2024

ObjectiveTo study the anatomic characteristics of gastric peritoneum fascia space and provide a safe surgical approach for laparoscopic radical gastrectomy.MethodThe morphological characteristics of perigastric fascia and fascial space and the course of important blood vessels were observed and studied in 2 fresh adult cadavers, 5 formalin immersed cadavers and 56 patients undergoing total gastrectomy. The hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin, total protein, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissection and the incidence of complications before and after laparoscopic total gastrectomy with different approaches were statistically analyzed.ResultsThrough dissecting the cadaver, it is found that the space of the posterior gastric fascia space is suitable for laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery. The space between the prepancreatic fascia and the posterior gastric fascia is located in a plane, and the posterior gastric fascial space is connected with the gastrosplenic space and hepatogastric space. Through three different plane approaches, all can enter the space without blood vessels and nerves, so as to achieve complete gastrectomy. Statistical analysis of patients undergoing total gastrectomy with different approaches showed that there was no significant difference in operation time, intraoperative blood loss, number of lymph node dissection and postoperative complications among the three approaches (P &gt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative hemoglobin, albumin, prealbumin and total protein (P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsThe space of the posterior gastric fascia space is suitable for laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery.the application of the anatomical study of perigastric fascial space in laparoscopic radical resection of gastric cancer not only accords with the tumor-free principle of radical resection of tumor, improves the safety of operation, but also reduces the occurrence of complications such as bleeding and important organ injury.
The impact of surgical assistants on postoperative complications in robot-assisted Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xipeng , Lu Tong , Guo Wei , Cao Yuqin , Li Chengqiang , Li Hecheng 
Published: November 2024

AimThis study examines the impact of different surgical assistants on robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. It aims to establish a foundation for refining surgical practices and improving patient outcomes.MethodsThe study included patients aged 18–75 with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, treated at Ruijin Hospital's Department of Thoracic Surgery (May 2015–November 2023). The robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy (RAILE) was executed on a cohort of 97 patients, led by a highly experienced thoracic surgeon and assisted by three additional thoracic surgeons. Postoperative complications, including anastomotic leakage, pulmonary and cardiac events, as well as hemorrhages, were assessed using the Clavien–Dindo classification. The da Vinci Surgical System was used, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0, with P = 0.05 as the significance threshold.ResultsOf the 97 patients, 50 were in Group A, 23 in Group B, and 24 in Group C. No major differences were found in anastomotic leakage, pneumonia, pneumothorax, severe cardiac complications, chylothorax, and vocal cord paralysis. Assistant C recorded a higher frequency of pleural effusion (45.8%) vs. Assistants A (16.0%) and B (21.7%). The duration of hospital stay was similar across groups, with median durations of 10 days for A, 8 days for B, and 10 days for C.ConclusionThe study found no significant overall impact of different surgical assistants on postoperative complications in robot-assisted Ivor Lewis esophagectomy. However, pleural effusion rates varied, possibly due to surgical procedure and patient's condition and may be relevant to the assistant's procedure. Future research should involve larger, more varied samples to further validate and refine these findings.
Patient-specific 3D-printed nasopharyngeal stents in dogs: a cadaveric pilot study
Authors: Sutter Craig , Hardy Brian , Lucero Steven , Johnson Lynelle , Culp William 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundCurrently available treatment options for nasopharyngeal stenosis and imperforate nasopharynx in dogs and cats are fraught with complications and failures.ObjectiveTo develop patient-specific nasopharyngeal stents using 3D-printed molds and to assess placement and fit of stents within the nasopharynx.AnimalsSix canine cadavers.MethodsPatient-specific nasopharyngeal silicone stents were generated using 3D-printed molds based on CT scans. A placement protocol was developed. Post-placement, goodness of fit within the nasopharynx was evaluated and compared to currently used methods. Mechanical properties of silicone stents were compared to catheter-based and nitinol stents.ResultsDevelopment and placement of stents was successful in all six cadavers. Silicone stents offered stiffness (force required for compression, N) and post-load deformation comparable to nitinol stents (1.8–6.2 vs. 1.2–3.3 N and 0.02–0.08 vs. 0.01–0.14 mm, respectively). Patient-specific stents offered superior goodness of fit in the nasopharynx (81–90%) compared to bilateral red rubber catheters (16.2–33.8%).ConclusionDevelopment and placement of patient-specific stents using 3D printed molds was successful in all six cadavers. The novel stents exhibited similar mechanical properties and superior goodness of fit compared to commercially available stents, potentially offering a better alternative to commercially available stents. Further investigation is needed in animals with nasopharyngeal stenosis to determine efficacy and to assess utility in live patients.
Transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory mechanism of myofiber development in male and female black Muscovy duck at different ages
Authors: Zhang Weihong , Zou Mengyun , Xiong Xiaolan , Wei Yue , Ke Changling , Li Haiqin , Xie Jinfang , Wei Qipeng , Huang Jiangnan 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionSexual dimorphism in Muscovy ducks results in substantial differences in muscle development potential between males and females, leading to significant variations in growth rates and body weights throughout their development.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying the differences in muscle development between genders in black Muscovy ducks, we analyzed the phenotypic characteristics and transcriptome profiles of breast muscles in male and female black Muscovy ducks at different developmental stages (postnatal days 28, 42, and 70).ResultsIn the analysis of tissue physical morphology, the results showed that females exhibit larger myofiber diameters and lower myofiber densities compared to males at postnatal day 42 (p &lt; 0.05). The difference becomes more pronounced by day 70, however, no significant difference was observed at postnatal day 28. Transcriptome analysis identified a total of 1,118 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across the various comparison groups. In different growth and development stages of black Muscovy ducks, the DEGs like MYLK4, KIT, CD36, ATP2A1 were significantly associated with myofiber hypertrophy, and key pathways such as AMPK signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and ECM-receptor interactions have been found to be closely associated with muscle size and hypertrophy. In the breast muscles of different sexes black Muscovy ducks, the DEGs such as TPM2, HNRNPK, VCP, ATP2A2, and ANKRD1 may be the reason for the difference in breast muscle size between male and female ducks. Furthermore, key pathways, including the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, calcium signaling pathway, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are also involved in regulating the developmental potential differences in muscle between male and female ducks.DiscussionThis study reveals the molecular mechanism regulating the muscle development in male and female black Muscovy ducks at different growth stages, and provides valuable insights into the specific genes responsible for muscle development, laying a theoretical foundation for enhancing the genetic quality of duck meat.
Complex patterns of WNV evolution: a focus on the Western Balkans and Central Europe
Authors: Šolaja Sofija , Goletić Šejla , Veljović Ljubiša , Glišić Dimitrije 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionWest Nile Virus, an emerging zoonotic pathogen, has been circulating in Serbia for over a decade, with its first detection in mosquitoes in 2010. Since then, the virus has led to increasing cases in both animals and humans, peaking in 2018 with 415 human cases and 36 fatalities. This study aimed to explore the phylogenetic relationships between previously sequenced West Nile virus strains from Serbia and those sequenced in this study, while also identifying possible virulence factors.Materials and methodsWhole genome sequencing was conducted using a targeted approach on the MinION Mk1C platform, following a two-step process involving cDNA synthesis and amplification. Bioinformatics analysis included demultiplexing, primer trimming, and sequence mapping using tools such as iVar, Minimap2, and Samtools. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using MAFFT alignment and the Maximum Likelihood method with the Tamura Nei model in MEGA X software. Virulence factors were assessed in both structural and nonstructural proteins, focusing on key glycosylation motifs and specific mutations. Homology modeling of the E protein was also performed to evaluate potential structural changes due to mutations.ResultsPhylogenetic analysis revealed two major sublineages within the E subclade, representing the majority of strains from Western and Central Europe. These sublineages likely originated from Austria, Serbia, and Hungary between 2008 and 2012. The study also identified three distinct sublineages within the D subclade, which includes more diverse strains from Southern Europe. The E protein exhibited significant variations, particularly at the E159 site, which is crucial for virulence. The EI159T aa change has become dominant in recent years, replacing the previously prevalent EI159M. Additionally, changes in the NS1 glycoprotein and NS3 protein, both of which are involved in immune modulation and viral replication, were identified, with potential implications for the virus’s virulence.ConclusionThe study’s findings highlight the Western Balkans and Central Europe as key regions for the mixing and dissemination of West Nile virus strains from both Western-Central and Southern Europe. These results underscore the importance of continuous surveillance and phylogenetic analysis to monitor the evolution and spread of West Nile virus, particularly in light of the frequent mutations observed in virulence-associated sites.
المشاركة المتناقصة وتطبيقاتها في المصارف السودانية - دراسة مقارنة
Authors: خيري مرتضى عبد الله 
Published: November 2024

الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى بيان أحكام صيغة المشاركة المتناقصة وتطبيقاتها في المصارف السودانية، ومعرفة صورها وخصائصها وما يترتب عليها من آثار اقتصادية، ومعرفة الدور الريادي الذي تؤديه في دفع عملية التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية. المنهج: اعتمد على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وكذا المقارن، وذلك بإيراد النصوص الفقهية في المذاهب الفقهية الأربعة ومقارنتها بنصوص قانون المعاملات المدنية السوداني لسنة 1984م وقانون الشركات السوداني لسنة 1925م، النتائج: يمكن تلخيص أبرز نتائج الدراسة بما يأتي: 1- هناك قصور في تعريف الشركة في قانون المعاملات المدنية لسنة 1984م الذي حصرها في شركة العقد فقط، 2- فقهاء المذاهب الفقهية لم يوردوا تعريفاً للمشاركة المتناقصة. 3- جواز عقد المشاركة المتناقصة اتساقاً مع ما توصل إليه مجمع الفقه الإسلامي، ووفقاً لمعايير هيئة المحاسبة والمراجعة للمؤسسات المالية الإسلامية. الخاتمة: خلصت الدراسة إلى ضرورة تعديل المادة 246 من قانون المعاملات المدنية لسنة1984م الخاصة بتعريف الشركة لتشمل شـركة الملك وشـركة العقد معاً، وذلك بتبني تعريف وضوابط مجمع الفقه الإسلامي للمشاركة المتناقصة مع إدخال بعض التعديلات، وإصدار تشريع ينظم وسائل الاستثمار بالمشاركة والمشاركة المتناقصة المنتهية بالتمليك كوسائل استثمارية جنباً إلى جنب مع الوسائل الأخرى، وضرورة إعداد نشرات علمية متخصصة وعمل محاضرات وندوات ومؤتمرات لتوضيح هذه الوسيلة، والإجابة عما قد يعتريها من الشبهات. وقدمت الدراسة بعض التوصيات والاقتراحات بشأن المشاركة المتناقصة وتطبيقاتها في المصارف السودانية.
الكلمات المفتاحية: المشاركة المتناقصة- قانون المعاملات المدنية السوداني لسنة 1984م - الشركات.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA BERBENTUK FLIPBOOK BERCIRIKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS
Authors: Rasyid Fauziah , Palloan Pariabti , Khaeruddin Khaeruddin 
Published: November 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan modul pembelajaran fisika berbentuk flipbook bercirikan Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian dan pengembangan model Nieveen dan Plomp. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu pengisian lembar validasi, angket repon guru dan peserta didik serta instrumen pretest dan postest. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa validasi modul menghasilkan kofisien Gregory 1,0 yang menunjukkan bahwa modul yang dikembangkan telah valid. Kepraktisan modul berdasarkan respon guru dan respon peserta didik. Respon guru menunjukkan respon yang sangat positif dan respon peserta didik menunjukkan 42,3% memberi respon sangat positif, 50% positif dan 7,7% cukup positif. Efektivitas modul berdasarkan peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. Diperoleh bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor pretest dan postest yang signifikan pada taraf signifikansi 5% dan nilai N-Gain 0,2. Maka disimpulkan bahwa modul pembelajaran fisika berbentuk flipbook yang bercirikan keterampilan proses sains yang dikembangkan valid, efektif dan praktis
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI FREE BODY DIAGRAM PADA MATERI HUKUM NEWTON
Authors: Wardana Wayan Oka Wisnu , Sari Salmiah Salamang , Arafah Kaharuddin 
Published: November 2024

Kemampuan representasi penting dikuasai oleh peserta didik guna mengembangkan kemampuan nalar mereka. Salah satu representasi dalam fisika yaitu representasi free body diagram pada materi hukum Newton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kemampuan representasi free body diagram pada materi hukum Newton Peserta didik. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survey. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen tes berbentuk esai yang terlebih dahulu telah divalidasi, yang kemudian diberikan kepada peserta didik kelas XI MIPA dengan jumlah subjek penelitian sebanyak 106 orang. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunkan uji statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan gambaran kemampuan representasi free body diagram pada peserta didik kelas XI MIPA tergolong dalam kategori needs improvemen (butuh peningkatan), ini mengindikasikan bahwa peserta didik masih kesulitan dalam merepresentasikan persoalan yang melibatkan kemampuan representasi free body diagram.
Pengaruh EMO DEMO Pemberian Makan Bayi Dan Anak (PMBA) Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Ibu Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Stunting Pada Balita Di Posyandu Rangkaian Melati
Authors: Yulita Yulita , Jairani Eka Nenni , Nababan Agnes Sry Vera 
Published: November 2024

Masalah stunting tidak hanya terjadi di Indonesia, tetapi juga merupakan isu global. Tingginya angka stunting pada anak di bawah usia 5 tahun membutuhkan perhatian serius karena dapat berdampak pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan mereka. Praktik pemberian makan bayi dan anak (PMBA) memiliki manfaat besar dalam mencegah stunting dan mendukung proses pertumbuhan serta perkembangan yang optimal. Pemberian makan yang tidak sesuai pada bayi dan balita dapat menjadi salah satu faktor penyebab gangguan tumbuh kembang yang dikenal sebagai stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian makan bayi dan anak melalui emo-demo sebagai upaya pencegah stunting pada balita. Jenis penelitian yaitu quasi experiment, dengan rancangan one group pretest postest design dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang ibu balita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan skor median pengetahuan ibu sebelum dan sesuadah diberikan emo demo dengan nilai P-Value sebesar 0.000. kesimpulan terdapat pengaruh emo demo tentang MP-ASI terhadap perubahan pengetahuan ibu sebelum dan sesudah diberikan emo demo di Posyandu.