bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using stiffness to assess injury risk: comparison of methods for quantifying stiffness and their reliability in triathletes
Authors: Lorimer Anna V. , Keogh Justin W.L. , Hume Patria A. 
Published: October 2018

Background
A review of the literature has indicated that lower body stiffness, defined as the extent to which the lower extremity joints resists deformation upon contact with the ground, may be a useful measure for assessing Achilles injury risk in triathletes. The nature of overuse injuries suggests that a variety of different movement patterns could conceivably contribute to the final injury outcome, any number and combination of which might be observed in a single individual. Measurements which incorporate both kinetics and kinematics (such as stiffness) of a movement may be better able to shed light on individuals at risk of injury, with further analysis then providing the exact mechanism of injury for the individual. Stiffness can be measured as vertical, leg or joint stiffness to model how the individual interacts with the environment upon landing. However, several issues with stiffness assessments limit the effectiveness of these measures to monitor athletes’ performance and/or injury risk. This may reflect the variety of common biomechanical stiffness calculations (dynamic, time, true leg and joint) that have been used to examine these three stiffness levels (vertical, leg and joint) across a variety of human movements (i.e. running or hopping) as well as potential issues with the reliability of these measures, especially joint stiffness. Therefore, the aims of this study were to provide a comparison of the various methods for measuring stiffness during two forms of human bouncing locomotion (running and hopping) along with the measurement reliability to determine the best methods to assess links with injury risk in triathletes.

Methods
Vertical, leg and joint stiffness were estimated in 12 healthy male competitive triathletes on two occasions, 7 days apart, using both running at 5.0 ms−1 and hopping (2.2 Hz) tasks.

Results
Inter-day reliability was good for vertical (ICC = 0.85) and leg (ICC = 0.98) stiffness using the time method. Joint stiffness reliability was poor when assessed individually. Reliability was improved when taken as the sum of the hip, knee and ankle (ICC = 0.86). The knee and ankle combination provided the best correlation with leg stiffness during running (Pearson’s Correlation = 0.82).

Discussion
The dynamic and time methods of calculating leg stiffness had better reliability than the “true” method. The time and dynamic methods had the best correlation with the different combinations of joint stiffness, which suggests that they should be considered for biomechanical screening of triathletes. The knee and ankle combination had the best correlation with leg stiffness and is therefore proposed to provide the most information regarding lower limb mechanics during gait in triathletes.
Simultaneous Boron Ion‐Channel/Growth Factor Receptor Activation for Enhanced Vascularization
Authors: Rico Patricia , Rodrigo‐Navarro Aleixandre , de la Peña Marcos , Moulisová Vladimira , Costell Mercedes , Salmerón‐Sánchez Manuel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBoron ion is essential in metabolism and its concentration is regulated by ion‐channel NaBC1. NaBC1 mutations cause corneal dystrophies such as Harboyan syndrome. Here a 3D molecular model for NaBC1 is proposed and it is shown that simultaneous stimulation of NaBC1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR) promotes angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo with ultralow concentrations of VEGF. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells' (HUVEC) organization into tubular structures is shown to be indicative of vascularization potential. Enhanced cell sprouting is found only in the presence of VEGF and boron, the effect abrogated after blocking NaBC1. It is demonstrated that stimulated NaBC1 promotes angiogenesis via PI3k‐independent pathways and that α5β1/αvβ3 integrin binding is not essential to enhanced HUVEC organization. A novel vascularization mechanism that involves crosstalk and colocalization between NaBC1 and VEGFR receptors is described. This has important translational consequences; just by administering boron, taking advantage of endogenous VEGF, in vivo vascularization is shown in a chorioallantoic membrane assay.
Electronic Detection of Oxygen Adsorption and Size‐Specific Doping of Few‐Atom Gold Clusters on Graphene
Authors: Scheerder Jeroen E. , Liu Shuanglong , Zharinov Vyacheslav S. , Reckinger Nicolas , Colomer Jean‐François , Cheng Hai‐Ping , Van de Vondel Joris , Janssens Ewald 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGraphene's sensitivity to adsorbed particles has attracted widespread attention because of its potential sensor applications. Size‐selected few‐atom clusters are promising candidates as adparticles to graphene. Due to their small size, physicochemical properties are dominated by quantum size effects. In particular, few‐atom gold clusters demonstrate a significant catalytic activity in various oxidation reactions. In this joint experimental and computational work, size‐selected gold clusters with 3 and 6 atoms adsorbed on graphene field‐effect transistors and their interaction with molecular oxygen are investigated. While oxygen adsorbs at both cluster sizes, there is a pronounced cluster size dependence in the corresponding doping, as demonstrated via first‐principle calculations and electronic transport measurements. Furthermore, the doping of gold cluster decorated graphene changes sign from n‐ to p‐doping upon oxygen adsorption, directly evidencing electron transfer to the oxygen molecules and hence their activation. These observations pinpoint graphene as a valuable platform to investigate and exploit size‐dependent cluster properties.
Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Direct C(sp2)−H Heteroarylation Enabling the Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Biaryl Derivatives
Authors: Yuan Shuo , Yu Bin , Liu Hong‐Min 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBiaryl scaffold is an important class of structural frameworks that exists in many natural products and drug molecules. The development of transition metal‐catalyzed approaches for the efficient construction of biaryl scaffolds has long been pursued because of the interesting structural features and broad biological profiles of biaryl scaffolds. Herein, we describe the Brønsted acid‐catalyzed direct C(sp2)−H heteroarylation that enables the synthesis of biaryl fragments (70 examples) in moderate to excellent yields (up to 99% yield), which was also performed at a gram scale and successfully applied to the privileged quinazoline scaffolds of the first‐generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors Gefitinib and Erlotinib, offering rapid access to a series of quinazoline‐based biaryl compounds. Additionally, the late‐stage diversifications were performed based on the compound 3 b, generating a library of structurally diverse and complex biaryl compounds.magnified image
Electrocatalytic Production of Hydrogen Peroxide with Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrodes
Authors: Mitraka Evangelia , Gryszel Maciej , Vagin Mikhail , Jafari Mohammad Javad , Singh Amritpal , Warczak Magdalena , Mitrakas Manassis , Berggren Magnus , Ederth Thomas , Zozoulenko Igor , Crispin Xavier , Głowacki Eric Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractElectrocatalysis for energy‐efficient chemical transformations is a central concept behind sustainable technologies. Numerous efforts focus on synthesizing hydrogen peroxide, a major industrial chemical and potential fuel, using simple and green methods. Electrochemical synthesis of peroxide is a promising route. Herein it is demonstrated that the conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT, is an efficient and selective heterogeneous catalyst for the direct reduction of oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. While many metallic catalysts are known to generate peroxide, they subsequently catalyze decomposition of peroxide to water. PEDOT electrodes can support continuous generation of high concentrations of peroxide with Faraday efficiency remaining close to 100%. The mechanisms of PEDOT‐catalyzed reduction of O2 to H2O2 using in situ spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations, which both corroborate the existence of a chemisorbed reactive intermediate on the polymer chains that kinetically favors the selective reduction reaction to H2O2, are explored. These results offer a viable method for peroxide electrosynthesis and open new possibilities for intrinsic catalytic properties of conducting polymers.
Surgical simulation of a catastrophic internal carotid artery injury: a laser‐sintered model
Authors: Maza Guillermo , VanKoevering Kyle K. , Yanez‐Siller Juan C. , Baglam Tekin , Otto Bradley A. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundThe catastrophic and rare nature of an internal carotid artery (ICA) injury during endonasal surgery limits training opportunities. Cadaveric and animal simulation models have been proposed, but expense and complicated logistics have limited their adoption. Three‐dimensional (3D) printed models are portable, modular, reusable, less costly, and proven to improve psychomotor skills required for managing different lesions. In this study we evaluate the role of a simplified laser‐sintered model combined with standardized training in improving the effectiveness of managing an ICA injury endoscopically.MethodsA 3‐mm defect was created in the parasellar carotid canal of a laser‐sintered model representing a sphenoid sinus. Artificial blood was directed to simulate the copious bleeding arising from an ICA injury. Twenty otolaryngologists and 26 neurosurgeons, with varying training and experience levels, were individually asked to stop the “bleeding" as they would in a clinical scenario, and provided no other instructions. This was followed by individualized formative training and a second simulation. Volume of blood loss, time to hemostasis, and self‐assessed confidence scores were compared.ResultsAt the end of the study, time to hemostasis was reduced from 105.49 seconds to 40.41 seconds (p < 0.001). The volume of blood loss was reduced from 690 to 272 mL (p < 0.001), and the confidence scores increased in 95.7% of participants, from an average of 3 up to 8.ConclusionThis ICA injury model, along with a formal training algorithm, appears to be valuable, realistic, portable, and cost‐effective. Significant improvement in all parameters suggests the acquisition of psychomotor skills required to control an ICA injury.
Perfluorocarbon‐Based 19F MRI Nanoprobes for In Vivo Multicolor Imaging
Authors: Akazawa Kazuki , Sugihara Fuminori , Nakamura Tatsuya , Matsushita Hisashi , Mukai Hiroaki , Akimoto Rena , Minoshima Masafumi , Mizukami Shin , Kikuchi Kazuya 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn vivo multicolor imaging is important for monitoring multiple biomolecular or cellular processes in biology. 19F magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an emerging in vivo imaging technique because it can non‐invasively visualize 19F nuclei without endogenous background signals. Therefore, 19F MRI probes capable of multicolor imaging are in high demand. Herein, we report five types of perfluorocarbon‐encapsulated silica nanoparticles that show 19F NMR peaks with different chemical shifts. Three of the nanoprobes, which show spectrally distinct 19F NMR peaks with sufficient sensitivity, were selected for in vivo multicolor 19F MRI. The nanoprobes exhibited 19F MRI signals with three colors in a living mouse. Our in vivo multicolor system could be utilized for evaluating the effect of surface functional groups on the hepatic uptake in a mouse. This novel multicolor imaging technology will be a practical tool for elucidating in vivo biomolecular networks by 19F MRI.
OR Air Quality: Is It Time to Consider Adjunctive Air Cleaning Technology?
Authors: Barnes Sue , Twomey Carolyn , Carrico Ruth , Murphy Cathryn , Warye Kathy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPatients undergoing surgery may be at risk for infection from airborne particles such as dust, skin scales, respiratory aerosols, and hair fibers emanating from multiple sources in the OR, including personnel, heater‐cooler devices, and surgical smoke. This risk is increased in surgical patients undergoing procedures involving implanted devices. Surgical personnel also are at risk from exposure to surgical smoke, which can contain viable viral particles including human papillomavirus infection. Air quality in the OR is improved by engineering controls (eg, maintaining positive pressure). During the past decade, innovations in the field of adjunctive technology designed to improve OR air quality include using ultraviolet disinfection and mobile ultraviolet disinfection plus high‐efficiency particulate air filtration. Some of these technologies additionally provide continuous monitoring of circulating air particle counts. Additional research regarding the benefits of adjunctive air‐cleaning technology in the OR is warranted.
Toughened and hydrophobically modified polyamide 11 copolymers with dimer acids derived from waste vegetable oil
Authors: Park Min Su , Lee Sangjun , Kim A Ryeon , Choi Inwoo , Shin Jihoon , Kim Young‐Wun 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA series of dimer acid (DA)‐modified polyamide 11 copolymers is synthesized via melt polycondensation from 11‐aminoundecanoic acid, hexamethylene diamine (HMDA), and DA, prepared by the hydrolysis of waste vegetable oil and a subsequent Diels–Alder reaction. The molecular structures and the polymers' molar masses are characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography. The thermal and mechanical properties are modified with increasing the composition of DA in PA copolymers by increasing the chain irregularity of the PA, thereby reducing the hydrogen bonding strength of the amide groups. Finally, water contact angle and water absorption experiments show that the hydrophobicity of DA‐modified PA copolymers is increased as compared to neat PA11. As a result, these thermoplastic materials could offer improved sustainability and performances by the addition of renewable DA monomer in PA copolymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 47174.
Interpenetrating polymers networks derived from silylated soybean oil and water soluble polysiloxanes
Authors: Dewasthale Sudhanwa , Andrews Caleb , Narayan Ramani , Graiver Daniel 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTA series of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with different compositions were prepared from emulsions of silylated soybean oil (SilSoy) and hydrophilic polysiloxanes (HPPS). Silylation of the soybean oil was achieved via the “Ene reaction” and the water soluble polysiloxanes were prepared by hydrolysis and condensation polymerization of 3‐aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane followed by a reaction with ethylene carbonate. Unlike the triglyceride structure of SilSoy, HPPS are water soluble, linear polysiloxanes having a pendant hydroxyl group on every siloxane. Evaporation of the water phase from emulsions of SilSoy in aqueous solutions of HPPS yielded crosslinked IPN films composed of silanols and carbinol condensations that formed stable siloxanes (SiOSi) crosslink linkages as well as hydrolysable silicone‐carbinol (SiOC) linkages. The entangled network that was obtained is characterized by intimate mixing of these incompatible phases with a typical IPN microphase separation. The crosslink density between the dispersed phase and the continuous phase was correlated with the swell‐gel data. The mechanical and thermal properties were also studied and were correlated with the composition and the crosslinks density. These IPNs can be used as convenient environmentally degradable control release systems via the hydrolysis of the SiOC linkages. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47182.
Asphalt modified with reactive tri‐block polymers obtained by via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization
Authors: Vargas M. A. , Benvenuta Tapia J. J. , Sánchez A. , Manero O. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTIn this work, asphalt modifiers consisting of a series of poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ran‐styrene)‐block‐poly(butyl acrylate)‐block‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate‐ran‐styrene) tri‐block copolymers (GS‐BA‐GS) were synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Particular attention is given to the influence of controlled copolymer structures on the physical properties, morphology, thermal stability, and rheological behavior of the asphalt blends. Results show that the degree of asphalt modification is a function of the copolymer structure in relation to the epoxide content in the chain ends of the copolymers. The rheological, thermal, and microstructure analyses reveal that the addition of reactive copolymers increases chemical interactions with the polar fraction of asphalt. Absence of gelation in addition to improvements in viscosity, elasticity, storage stability are observed in the blends with GMA concentrations of 2%–4% with respect to copolymers without functional groups. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47201.
Cassava bagasse as a reinforcement agent in the polymeric blend of biodegradable films
Authors: de Carvalho Guilherme Ribeiro , Marques Geovana Silva , de Matos Jorge Luiz Mario , Jorge Regina Maria Matos 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe objective of this work was to develop biodegradable films using fibrous residue from the extraction of cassava starch and to investigate its effect as a reinforcement agent in polymeric films. Micrographs (SEM) showed that the obtained films presented smooth surfaces with no cracking. The addition of fibers affected the properties of the films significantly (p < 0.05), reducing water vapor permeability values (from 8.63 ± 0.15 × 10−11 g.m.m−2.s−1.Pa−1 to 3.33 ± 0.16 × 10−11 g.m.m−2.s−1.Pa−1) and increasing the maximum tensile strength (from 1.23 ± 0.15 MPa to 7.78 ± 0.83 MPa). These results encourage the use of cassava bagasse as a reinforcement in the production of green composites as packaging. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47224.
Robust Mixed Performance of Continuous Switched Systems with Time Delay
Authors: Lien Chang‐Hua , Yu Ker‐Wei , Chang Hao‐Chin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the robust mixed H2/H∞ performance analysis of switched time‐delay systems with linear fractional perturbations and distributed delay via a switching signal selection is considered. Some delay‐dependent LMI‐based criteria are proposed to achieve the design of the switching signal. Our approach is guaranteed by the new proposed inequality in recent years. Finally, some numerical examples are illustrated to show the main results.
A Sliding Mode Multiobserver Based on an Uncoupled Multimodel: An Application on a Transesterification Reaction
Authors: Montacer Nesrine , Dehri Khadija , Ben Atia Samah , Ben Abdennour Ridha 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper concerns the design of robust sliding mode multiobserver for nonlinear systems. A discrete uncoupled multimodel structure is retained for the modeling of nonlinear systems. Unlike the classically used multimodel structures, the retained uncoupled multimodel is known by its flexibility of modeling, thus, the structures of the partial models are adapted to the complexity of the local models in each operating zone. Sufficient conditions are provided, in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), to ensure the asymptotic stability of the proposed sliding mode multiobserver. A convergence analysis is achieved to obtain the convergence radius. A numerical example and a real time application on a transesterification reactor are carried out to illustrate, once again, the performance of the proposed sliding mode multiobserver in terms of precision and rapidity of convergence.
Der verlorene Schalenbau der jungen Sowjetunion (1922–1939)
Authors: Arkhipkina Olga 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIm Vergleich zu deutschen und französischen Errungenschaften auf dem Gebiet des Schalenbaus sind die Entwicklungen in der frühen Sowjetunion bis auf wenige Publikationen der Fachwelt bisher weitestgehend unbekannt geblieben. Mit dem folgenden Beitrag soll versucht werden, den sowjetischen Schalenbau anhand eines geschichtlichen Rückblicks in den internationalen Kontext einzuordnen. Neben einigen Bauwerken und Ideen sollen auch hinter den Projekten stehende Persönlichkeiten sowie einige einflussgebende politische Zusammenhänge beleuchtet werden.
A sensitive LC–MS/MS method for the determination of triptolide and its application to pharmacokinetic research in rats
Authors: Xu Ye , Chen Xiaoyan , Zhong Dafang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTriptolide is one of the main active ingredients of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. In this study, a sensitive LC–MS/MS method was established and validated to determine the concentration of triptolide in rat plasma. Triptolide and an internal standard [(5R)‐5‐hydroxytriptolide] were extracted from 100 μL of rat plasma with acetonitrile, and the dried residue was then reconstituted and reacted with benzylamine to produce benzylamine triptolide and benzylamine (5R)‐5‐hydroxytriptolide. Derivatization increased the sensitivity of triptolide detection by ~100‐fold. Quantification was performed using a QTRAP 5500 tandem mass spectrometer with positive electrospray ionization in multiple reaction monitoring mode with an ion transition m/z 468.5 → 192.0 for benzylamine triptolide and m/z 484.3 → 192.1 for benzylamine (5R)‐5‐hydroxytriptolide. Good linearity was observed in the range of 0.030–100 ng/mL with a lower limit of quantitation of 0.030 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision was <6.5%, and the accuracy ranged from −11.7 to −4.4%. The recovery remained consistent and was reproducible at different concentrations. This method was successfully applied to the study of triptolide drug–drug interactions in Sprague–Dawley rats. With the use of itraconazole (40 mg/kg, p.o.) as a CYP3A inhibitor, the plasma exposure of triptolide in rats was increased by 36%.
The role of intuitive moral foundations in Britain's vote on EU membership
Authors: Harper Craig A. , Hogue Todd E. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn June 2016, British voters took part in a referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union (EU). By a margin of 52% to 48%, they voted to leave. Studies have demonstrated that fixed demographic factors were the best predictors of voting intentions in either direction, or that “leave” voters were driven by perceived threats from immigration. In this paper, we examine the role of moral intuitions in referendum voting intentions. In Study , demographic variables did not predict voting intentions after adding psychological variables to our statistical model. Instead, voting leave was predicted by political conservatism, social change insecurities, and placing moral importance on personal liberty. In contrast, only an adherence to the care foundation of morality predicted “remain” voting. These findings were also reflected in linguistic analyses of campaign materials and news items (Study ). We discuss these data in relation to common discourses around the Brexit vote.