bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for high‐ and very high‐risk prostate cancer: a multidisciplinary prostate cancer clinic experience of patients eligible for either treatment
Authors: Reichard Chad A. , Hoffman Karen E. , Tang Chad , Williams Stephen B. , Allen Pamela K. , Achim Mary F. , Kuban Deborah A. , Chapin Brian F. 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo compare radical prostatectomy (RP) vs radiotherapy (RT) with androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) in the setting of patients with high‐risk and very high‐risk (VHR) prostate cancer who were deemed eligible for either therapy and made a treatment choice after consultation in a multidisciplinary prostate cancer clinic (MDPCC), and to compare the MDPCC patients’ outcomes to a matched Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cohort.Patients and methodsProspectively collected, retrospective study comparing patients who underwent RP (231 patients) vs RT+ADT (73) from 2004 to 2013. Biochemical recurrence (BCR), local recurrence, distant metastasis failure, and overall survival (OS) were calculated for each treatment group overall and according to National Comprehensive Cancer Network risk strata. A propensity score matched comparison with a SEER cohort was performed for OS.ResultsThere was no difference in local recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0–7.9; P = 0.06), distant metastasis failure (HR 2.5, 95% CI 0.8–7.8; P = 0.1) and OS (HR 1.35, 95% CI 0.4–4.8; P = 0.6) between patients undergoing RP vs RT+ADT. Patients treated via the MDPCC survived on average 16.9 months (95% CI 13.1–20.8) longer than those in the matched SEER cohort.ConclusionsLong‐term outcomes appear similar amongst patients with high‐risk and VHR prostate cancer deemed eligible for either RP or RT, and treated after consultation in a MDPCC. Outcomes of the MDPCC patients were superior to those of the matched SEER cohort.
Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in corneal neovascularization
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Wang Shurong , He Yuxi , Yao Boyuan , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCorneal neovascularization (CNV), a pathological process of angiogenesis, can lead to serious consequences in the cornea. CNV is generally proved to associate with inflammation in the cornea closely, which is mainly elicited by the disruption of equilibrium between angiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. Angiogenic factors including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGFs), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are vital factors in the formation of CNV. Especially VEGFs are convinced to be the core angiogenic factors in CNV, and MMPs are proved to exert dual effects on the process. Strikingly, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP‐2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) are determined to play key roles in the formation of CNV, while the mechanism is still vague. In this review, the latest researches are reviewed to discuss the role of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in CNV, respectively, and some inhibitors of them are presented. We hope to provide a new direction of drug research for CNV.
Mysterious presentation of autoantibody in a neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patient
Authors: Sugawara Masashiro , Sanpei Yui 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundTreatment with interferon beta often leads to the development of relapses and expedites functional disability in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patients. An accurate diagnosis frequently requires the presence of anti‐aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) antibodies when we encounter a patient who manifests atypical radiological findings.Case presentationA 35‐year‐old woman developed sudden vertigo and had lesions around her bilateral dentate nuclei, a part of which was enhanced with gadolinium. Soon, she developed optic neuritis. Other lesions in the central nervous system and anti‐AQP4 antibody staining using cell‐based assays were not detectable. During the treatment with interferon beta‐1a, re‐examination of the anti‐AQP4 antibody staining led to a positive result; however, this was detectable by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The latent development of an intractable hiccup and a postrema lesion fulfilled the latest diagnostic criteria of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, even if the patient did not have anti‐AQP4 antibodies.ConclusionsAnti‐AQP4 antibodies detected only by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay might be a false positive result. However, alteration in the immune balance between T‐helper cell type 1 and T‐helper cell type 2 were suspected during the treatment with interferon beta‐1a.
Untapped potential of collective intelligence in conservation and environmental decision making
Authors: Vercammen Ans , Burgman Mark 
Published: April 2019

AbstractEnvironmental decisions are often deferred to groups of experts, committees, or panels to develop climate policy, plan protected areas, or negotiate trade‐offs for biodiversity conservation. There is, however, surprisingly little empirical research on the performance of group decision making related to the environment. We examined examples from a range of different disciplines, demonstrating the emergence of collective intelligence (CI) in the elicitation of quantitative estimates, crowdsourcing applications, and small‐group problem solving. We explored the extent to which similar tools are used in environmental decision making. This revealed important gaps (e.g., a lack of integration of fundamental research in decision‐making practice, absence of systematic evaluation frameworks) that obstruct mainstreaming of CI. By making judicious use of interdisciplinary learning opportunities, CI can be harnessed effectively to improve decision making in conservation and environmental management. To elicit reliable quantitative estimates an understanding of cognitive psychology and to optimize crowdsourcing artificial intelligence tools may need to be incorporated. The business literature offers insights into the importance of soft skills and diversity in team effectiveness. Environmental problems set a challenging and rich testing ground for collective‐intelligence tools and frameworks. We argue this creates an opportunity for significant advancement in decision‐making research and practice.
Evaluation of in vitro testing strategies for hazard assessment of the skin sensitization potential of “real‐life” mixtures: The case of henna‐based hair‐colouring products containing p‐phenylenediamine
Authors: de Ávila Renato Ivan , Veloso Danillo F. M. C. , Teixeira Gabriel C. , Rodrigues Thaisângela L. , Lindberg Tim , Lindstedt Malin , Fonseca Simone G. , Lima Eliana M. , Valadares Marize C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis caused by henna‐based hair‐colouring products has been associated with adulteration of henna with p‐phenylenediamine (PPD).ObjectivesTo develop a testing approach based on in vitro techniques that address key events within the skin sensitization adverse outcome pathway in order to evaluate the allergenic potential of hair‐colouring products.MethodsThe following in vitro assays were used to test the sensitizing capacity of hair dye ingredients: the micro‐direct peptide reactivity assay (mDPRA); the HaCaT keratinocyte‐associated interleukin (IL)‐18 assay; the U937 cell line activation test (U‐SENS)/IL‐8 levels; the blood monocyte‐derived dendritic cell test; and genomic allergen rapid detection (GARD skin). Those techniques with better human concordance were selected to evaluate the allergenic potential of 10 hair‐colouring products.ResultsIn contrast to the information on the label, chromatographic analyses identified PPD in all products. The main henna biomarker, lawsone, was not detected in one of the 10 products. Among the techniques evaluated by testing hair dye ingredients, the mDPRA, the IL‐18 assay, GARD skin and the U‐SENS correlated better with human classification (concordances of 91.7%‐100%) and were superior to the animal testing (concordance of 78.5%). Thus, these assays were used to evaluate hair‐colouring products, which were classified as skin sensitizers by the use of different two‐of‐three approaches.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the toxicological consequences of, and risks associated with, the undisclosed use of PPD in henna‐based “natural” “real‐life” products.
Augmented Reality Brings the Real World into Natural History Dioramas with Data Visualizations and Bioacoustics at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History
Authors: Harrington Maria C. R. , Tatzgern Markus , Langer Tom , Wenzel John W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces the AR Perpetual Garden App and highlights reasons why it is unique and important in its use of immersive, augmented reality for informal learning. The design and construction of the application created a virtual diorama based on facts, using realistic 3D models and accurate perspective. Design affordances permit annotations with interactive and multimodal facts and stories, delivering interactive knowledge artifacts. The app combines real and virtual into one holistic and comprehensive learning experience, transferring scientific knowledge to the novice in an instant. The use of immersive augmented reality produced from accurate information, data visualizations, and bioacoustics creates context‐sensitivity experiences inside the gallery and outside in the gardens. Distribution through the Apple and Google app stores to schools and homes can extend the broader impact of the educational mission of the Carnegie Museum of Natural History and its biological research center, the Powdermill Nature Reserve.
Environmental and stand conditions related to Fistulina hepatica heart rot attack on Castanea sativa
Authors: Regué Adrià , Bassié Ludovic , de‐Miguel Sergio , Colinas Carlos 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCastanea sativa forests in north‐eastern Spain have historically been healthy and have been good producers of timber and non‐wood forest products. In the last quarter of a century, Fistulina hepatica has gained relevance in this ecosystem and is believed to be responsible for Chestnut Red Stain (CRS), which inflicts heart rot in trees and causes severe economic losses. The fungus grows in the heartwood and produces no external symptoms that would enable early detection. With the objective of developing an inexpensive method to detect heart rot and to discover possible relationships between the severity of F. hepatica attack and the silvicultural management or site characteristics of chestnut stands, 38 pure C. sativa plots were selected, sampled and analysed for the presence of the fungus. DNA was extracted from the heartwood samples, and PCR was used to amplify target sequences with specific F. hepatica primers for non‐homologous ITS1 and ITS2 regions. Correlation analysis was used to inspect the multiple interactions among the environmental and management variables examined, and a predictive model was designed for forest managers to estimate the risk of infection. Both analyses revealed that stress variables were related to CRS severity. This result is especially relevant since temperatures are expected to rise in coming decades throughout the northern rim of the Mediterranean region, where chestnut is an important species. This study provides two tools for better managing chestnut forests in the coming years: an inexpensive and fast tool for diagnosis and a predictive model to estimate the risk of infection.
Tumor suppressor proteinCYLDregulates morphogenesis of dendrites and spines
Authors: Li Jun , Sekine‐Aizawa Yoko , Ebrahimi Saman , Tanaka Shinji , Okabe Shigeo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCylindromatosis tumor suppressor protein (CYLD) was initially identified as a tumor suppressor deubiquitylating protein in familial cylindromatosis patients. Proteomic analyses using rodent brain samples revealed enrichment ofCYLDin purified postsynaptic density fractions. Here, we report thatCYLDregulates dendritic growth and postsynaptic differentiation in mouse hippocampal neurons.CYLDshowed diffuse localization in rapidly growing dendrites, but was gradually concentrated in spines. Overexpression and knockdown ofCYLDin the early stage of cultured neurons demonstrated thatCYLDpositively regulated dendritic growth. Phenotypes in dendritic morphogenesis induced byCYLDoverexpression and knockdown could be reversed by manipulation of the critical acetylation site of α‐tubulin, suggesting tubulin acetylation is a downstream pathway ofCYLD‐dependent dendritic growth. Overexpression and knockdown ofCYLDin the later stage of cultured neurons revealed thatCYLDpromoted formation of postsynaptic spines. Influence ofCYLDon spines was not affected by co‐expression of acetylation mutant forms of α‐tubulin, indicating thatCYLDregulates dendritic growth and spine formation through different molecular mechanisms. Analyses with the truncated and mutated forms ofCYLDdemonstrated that the first microtubule‐binding domain ofCYLDwas critical for spine formation. These results suggest important roles ofCYLDin sequential promotion of dendritic growth and postsynaptic spine maturation.
Association between non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and asymptomatic vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Wu J. , Zhang J. , Wang A. , Chen S. , Wu S. , Zhao X. 
Published: April 2019

Background and purposeCarotid atherosclerosis, especially rupture of plaques, is related to cerebrovascular diseases. Non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (non‐HDL‐C) is relevant to cerebrovascular diseases and may be a potential risk factor. We designed this study to investigate the association between non‐HDL‐C and the prevalence of asymptomatic vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques.MethodsWe enrolled 2888 participants who underwent carotid atherosclerotic plaque detection and non‐HDL‐C measurement, with no history of taking lipid‐lowering agents, from the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities in Community study. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate the association between non‐HDL‐C levels and the presence of asymptomatic vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques.ResultsIn our study, 1505 subjects had asymptomatic vulnerable carotid atherosclerotic plaques and 1383 subjects had stable plaques. After adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratios for vulnerable plaques of non‐HDL‐C levels in the middle and highest tertile groups were 1.02 (95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.23) and 1.50 (95% confidence interval, 1.23–1.82), respectively (P trend < 0.01).ConclusionIn our community‐based observational and cross‐sectional study, non‐HDL‐C level was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of asymptomatic vulnerable carotid plaques.
Prédation du hérisson d'Algérie Atelerix algirus (Insectivora, Erinaceidae) sur quelques organismes nuisibles aux végétaux dans les milieux agricoles à Djelfa (Algérie)
Authors: Guerzou A. , Derdoukh W. , Guerzou M. , Souttou K. , Doumandji S. 
Published: April 2019

L’étude du régime alimentaire d’Atelerix algirus a été réalisée dans 3 milieux agricoles de la région de Djelfa, au niveau des Hauts Plateaux algériens. Cette étude a permis de recenser 134 espèces‐proies. Parmi ces espèces, les insectes dominent, avec des taux de présence très élevés dans les 3 stations: 96.2% à Taicha, 95.3% à El Khayzar et 98.1% à Guayaza. Parmi ces insectes, les organismes nuisibles les plus consommés sont Rhizotrogus sp. (AR% = 24.3%) et Zabrus sp. (AR% = 15.6%) dans la station de Taicha; Formicidae sp. ind. (AR% = 18.3%) et Messor sp. (AR% = 11.5%) dans la station d'El Khayzar; et Messor sp. (AR% = 29.5%) et Messor arenarius (AR% = 12.6%) dans la station de Guayaza. Parmi les organismes nuisibles des cultures consommés par A. algirus, nous avons également noté la présence de Passer sp. (AR% = 0.17%) à El Khayzar et Meriones shawi (AR% = 0.2%) à Taicha.
Effects of pulsed inhaled nitric oxide on arterial oxygenation during mechanical ventilation in anaesthetised horses undergoing elective arthroscopy or emergency colic surgery
Authors: Wiklund M. , Kellgren M. , Wulcan S. , Grubb T. , Nyman G. 
Published: April 2019

SummaryBackgroundAdministration of pulsed inhaled nitric oxide (PiNO) improves arterial oxygenation in spontaneously breathing anaesthetised healthy horses and in horses undergoing colic surgery. However, because hypoventilation commonly occurs, horses are often mechanically ventilated to prevent hypercarbia.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of PiNOon arterial oxygenation during anaesthesia in mechanically ventilated healthy horses and horses undergoing colic surgery.Study designProspective nonblinded clinical trial.MethodsFifty horses undergoing elective arthroscopy (Group A) and 30 horses undergoing colic surgery (Group C) in dorsal recumbency were included in the study. Every second horse in each group received PiNO(A‐INO, C‐INO), the others served as controls (A‐CN, C‐CN). All horses were mechanically ventilated and anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane. PiNOwas mechanically delivered at the proximal end of the endotracheal tube as a pulse during the first part of each inspiration. Data were collected at the start (baseline, before PiNO) and at the end of inhalation anaesthesia. The Tukey method was used to compare baseline and end values for each parameter.ResultsArterial oxygen tension (PaO2) increased from (median [IQR]) 13.6 (9.3, 30.1) at baseline to 24.2 (18.6, 37.0)kPa at the end of anaesthesia in A‐INO(P = 0.005) and from 7.7 (6.4, 8.5) to 15.5 (9.9, 26.9)kPa in C‐INO(P = 0.007). Mean (95%CI) difference in F‐shunt between baseline and end were −6 (−10; −1) and −11 (−22; −1) % in A‐INO(P = 0.005) and C‐INO(P = 0.04) respectively. There was no change in PaO2or F‐shunt from baseline to end of anaesthesia in A‐CNor C‐CN.Main limitationsCardiac output was not measured, thus O2delivery could not be calculated.ConclusionsThe combination of mechanical ventilation and PiNOimproved pulmonary gas exchange during anaesthesia by a simultaneous decrease in F‐shunt and improved alveolar ventilation.
Particulate matter induces pro‐inflammatory cytokines via phosphorylation of p38 MAPK possibly leading to dermal inflammaging
Authors: Kim MinJeong , Kim Ju Hee , Jeong Guk Jin , Park Kui Young , Lee Mi‐Kyung , Seo Seong Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractParticulate matter (PM) is known to have harmful effects on human health. Epidemiological studies have suggested that PM exposure is related to skin diseases and extrinsic skin ageing. However, the mechanisms by which PM affects skin are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of action of PMs on epidermal inflammation and skin ageing using a co‐culture of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (HDF). SRM 1648a (pmA) and 1649b (pmB), which mainly comprise heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, respectively, were used as reference PMs. Cytotoxic effects, activation of AhR, phosphorylation of p38 kinase and ROS generation were examined in PM‐treated HaCaT cells. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by PMs was shown to be critically important for the increases in IL‐1α and IL‐1β expression. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of MMP1 and COX2 were markedly increased in HDF cells co‐cultured with PM‐treated HaCaT cells. In conclusion, PMs induce the expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes via the p38 MAPK pathway, and these interleukins increase the expression of MMP1 and COX2 in HDF cells. These results suggest that PMs trigger skin ageing via p38 MAPK activation and interleukin secretion in epidermal keratinocytes.
Understanding transparency in UK defence management
Authors: Thompson Gabriela , Louth John 
Published: April 2019

AbstractTransparency has become a key word in UK defence management, but its meaning is unclear; there are those that argue that it is too abstract to be implemented in its true essence, whilst others argue that it is inherently incompatible with the New Public Management Model which dominates public sector management today. Through observing the way individuals operationalise the concept in the defence community, we attempt to illustrate what transparency seems to mean in practice by focussing on how it is understood and recognising the impact it has and is expected to have.
Does increased hedging lead to decreased price efficiency? The case of VIX ETPs and VIX futures
Authors: Fernandez‐Perez Adrian , Frijns Bart , Tourani‐Rad Alireza , Webb Robert I. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWe examine the impact of the introduction of VIX exchange‐traded products (ETPs) on the information content and pricing efficiency of VIX futures. We document that trades in VIX futures have become less informative and that pricing errors exhibit more persistence after the introduction of VIX ETPs. In addition, we observe that the price process of the VIX futures has become noisier over time. These findings suggest that the introduction of the VIX ETPs had a prominent effect on the properties and dynamics of the VIX futures.
Adverse effects of chronic treatment with the Main subclasses of highly active antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review
Authors: Silva BF , Peixoto GML , da Luz SR , de Moraes SMF , Peres SB 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesThe aim of the review was to elucidate the adverse effects of chronic treatment with the main subclasses of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).MethodsA systematic review was carried out using the methods recommended in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis Protocols (PRISMA‐P). Searches of articles in MEDLINE, SCIELO, Web of Science and LILACS were conducted from January to October 2018 based on the following descriptors and keywords: ‘HIV’ [AND]; ‘AIDS’ [OR]; ‘HAART’ [AND]; ‘Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy’ [OR]; ‘Adverse Effects’ [AND]. All articles selected described the biochemical changes produced by, and the main adverse effects of, using one or more of the following HAART subclasses: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs) and other new drugs. The selected articles included patients living with HIV (PLWH) initiating or continuing any type of HAART. The results are presented qualitatively and discussed.ResultsTwenty‐one articles found in the searches were selected for the review, and they included a total of 5626 participants. Seven of the studies investigated mainly NRTIs, three studies mainly NNRTIs, eight studies predominantly PIs, and three studies other antiretroviral drugs as the main treatment. The most common adverse effects on biochemical parameters were the emergence of anaemia for NRTIs as well as NNRTIs and PIs, and plasma lipid alterations caused by their prolonged use. In general, it was found that biological differences among individuals can cause differences in adverse effects, such as virological and treatment failure.ConclusionsOne or more occurrences of adverse effects of the chronic utilization of drugs were found for all subclasses of HAART, and certain combinations of drugs from different subclasses were also found to be associated with adverse events.