bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of industrially potential enzymes of moderately halophilic bacteria on salted goat skins
Authors: Caglayan Pinar , Birbir Meral , Sánchez-Porro Cristina , Ventosa Antonio 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to isolate moderately halophilic bacteria from salted goat skins, to characterize these microorganisms and to determine their industrially important enzymes such as amylase, catalase, oxidase, caseinase, cellulase, DNase, lipase, lecithinase, protease, pullulanase, urease, phospholipase, xylanase and β-galactosidase.

Methods
Enzymes of these bacteria, isolated from skin samples belonging to eight countries and identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods, were examined in agar media.

Results
Thirty-nine isolates were fairly similar to species of genera Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Salinicoccus, Gracilibacillus, Chromohalobacter and Halomonas. Various carbon sources were utilized, and all isolates produced enzyme. Enzyme-producing species were Staphylococcus saprophyticus subsp. saprophyticus, Staphylococcus arlettae, Bacillus pumilus, Gracilibacillus dipsosauri, Salinicoccus roseus, Bacillus licheniformis, Chromohalobacter beijerinckii, Staphylococcus xylosus, Halomonas eurihalina, Staphylococcus equorum subsp. equorum, Halomonas zhanjiangensis, Halomonas venusta and Chromohalobacter canadensis. Fairly high percentage of isolates produced protease (87%) and catalase (100%). While more than 50% of isolates produced lipase (64%), β-galactosidase (59%) and oxidase (56%), less than 50% of isolates produced urease (46%), caseinase (28%), amylase (26%), lecithinase (8%) and cellulase (5%).

Conclusion
We detected that moderately halophilic bacteria on skins produced important enzymes, which may be used in diverse industrial applications in leather, feed, detergent, paper, food, chemical, medical, pharmaceutical, textile industries.
On Comparing Two Dependent Linear and Nonlinear Regression Models
Authors: Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLinear and nonlinear regression models are flexible methods of data analysis that may be appropriate whenever a quantitative response variable is to be examined in relationship to any other explanatory variables. This relationship can be expressed by different models and equations. In some fields, such as in agriculture, biology, hydrology, neural network, and psychology, researchers need to analyze whether the relationship between response variable and predictor variables differ in two fitted models on the same dataset. In other words, we are interested in the comparison of two regression models for a single dataset. In this article, we will use the nonparametric methods to establish hypothesis testing for the equality of two dependent regression models. Then, a simulation study is provided to investigate the performance of the proposed method. Also, the proposed method is applied to compare the different linear, quadratic, cubic, and exponential models that can be fitted on a real dataset.
Increasing Motor Noise Impairs Reinforcement Learning in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Therrien Amanda S. , Wolpert Daniel M. , Bastian Amy J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMotor variability from exploration is crucial for reinforcement learning as it allows the nervous system to find new task solutions. However, motor variability from noise can be detrimental to learning and may underlie slowed reinforcement learning performance observed in individuals with cerebellar damage. Here we examine whether artificially increasing noise in healthy individuals slows reinforcement learning in a manner similar to that seen in patients with cerebellar damage. Participants used binary reinforcement to learn to rotate their reach angle in a series of directions. By comparing task performance between conditions with different levels of added noise, we show that adding a high level of noise—matched to a group of patients with cerebellar damage—slows learning. In additional experiments, we show that the detrimental effect of noise may lie in reinforcing incorrect behavior, rather than not reinforcing correct behavior. By comparing performance between healthy participants with added noise and a group of patients with cerebellar damage, we found that added noise does not slow the learning of the control group to the same degree observed in the patient group. Using a mechanistic model, we show that added noise in the present study matched patients’ motor noise and total learning. However, increased exploration in the control group relative to the group with cerebellar damage supports faster learning. Our results suggest that motor noise slows reinforcement learning by impairing the mapping of reward to the correct action and that this may underlie deficits induced by cerebellar damage.
The Yucatan Peninsula is the place of origin of sisal ( Agave sisalana , Asparagaceae): historical accounts, phytogeography and current populations
Authors: Trejo-Torres Jorge C. , Gann George D. , Christenhusz Maarten J.M. 
Published: June 2018

Background . Agave sisalana is a cultigen from Mexico. In 1833 it was brought to Florida by Henry Perrine as an experimental crop. From there it was introduced to tropical Africa and Asia in the late 19th Century, where it became established as a fiber crop. Paradoxically, in the Yucatan it meanwhile evanesced from its already scanty presence. Because material was collected from cultivated stock in Chiapas in the 1950s and a neotype from there was selected in 1988, it was assumed to have originated in Chiapas. Questions. Did A. sisalana originate in the Yucatan Peninsula following Perrine (1838a, 1938b) rather than from Chiapas sensu Gentry (1988)?Studied species. Agave sisalana (sisal), one of the strongest natural fibers in the world and a commercially important crop.Study site and dates. Live plants were located in the Yucatan between 2013–2017.Methods. We document historical and current presences of A. sisalana in the Yucatan Peninsula following three lines of evidence: 1) overlooked records and reports in literature; 2) herbarium specimens; and 3) presence of extant populations.Results. Eleven localities in the Yucatan Peninsula still have extant populations of sisal. We uncovered herbarium specimens from the region, including an original specimen by Perrine, from Campeche, which is selected as the lectotype for the name, superseding the neotype from Chiapas.Conclusion. We demonstrate the continued presence of Agave sisalana in the Yucatan Peninsula, even though it has now become rare. It is most likely that the crop was first domesticated there.
Yaşlı hasta popülasyonunda perkütan endoskopik gastrostomi
Authors: ÖZER ETİK Diğdem , SUNA Nuretdin , ÖCAL Serkan , SELÇUK Haldun 
Published: June 2018

Giriş ve Amaç: Perkütanöz endoskopik gastrostomi, sıklıkla beslenme problemi olan ve uzun süreli tüple beslenme ihtiyacı olan bireylerde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öncelikle, kliniğimizde yıllar içinde değişen perkütanöz endoskopik gastrostomi kullanımı ve hasta özelliklerini saptamaktı. İkincil amaç olarak da, orta yaş ve yaşlı hasta popülasyonunda perkütanöz endoskopik gastrostomi endikasyonlarını, komplikasyonlarını ve perkütanöz endoskopik gastrostomi uygulaması sonrası sağ kalımı karşılaştırmaktı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Mayıs-2011 ve Haziran-2015 tarihleri arası merkezimizde perkütanöz endoskopik gastrostomi uygulanan hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Demografik ve klinik özellikler kaydedildikten sonra, komplikasyonlar ve sağ kalım değerlendirildi. Bütün bu sonuçlar, orta yaş ve yaşlı hasta grubunda karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmada 298 hastanın bilgileri değerlendirildi. 156 kadın ve 142 erkek hastanın ortanca yaşı 82 idi. En sık perkütanöz endoskopik gastrostomi endikasyonu sereberovasküler hastalık idi. Yıllar içinde hasta popülasyonumuzun daha yaşlı bir hasta popülasyonu yönünde değiştiğini saptadık. Orta yaş ve yaşlı hasta gruplarında klinik sonuçlar ve perkütanöz endoskopik gastrostomi komplikasyonları açısından benzer sonuçlar gözlenirken, sadece hastanede kalma süresi yaşlı grupta daha uzundu. 3 aylık ve 1 yıllık sağ kalım karşılaştırıldığında iki grup açısından fark yoktu. Sonuç: Dünya ve ülkemiz nüfusu yaşlanırken, özellikle geriatrik hastalarda, perkütanöz endoskopik gastrostomi güvenli bir yöntem olup mortaliteyi arttırmamaktadır.
PROTECTION OF BANK DEPOSITS IN ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE AND ALGERIAN LEGISLATION
Authors: Lakhdar Rabhi , Abdelmadjid Benyekken 
Published: June 2018

<p><em><em>Bank deposit of all kinds is the main money source and lifeblood of the </em>commercial bank, so that no other party has the right to receive the money from the public.</em><em> </em><em>The issue of deposit protection has received considerable attention from Islamic jurisprudence, for its role in achieving economic development through spreading confidence in depositors and increasing deposits, which leads to increased investment and financing operations.</em><em> </em><em>The Algerian legislation also gave great attention to bank deposits, with specific and detailed provisions, both in a bank law and in commercial law.</em><em> </em><em>Questions have been raised about the concept of bank deposits</em><em>, </em><em>its legal nature</em><em>, and w</em><em>hat protection i</em><em>t</em><em> i</em><em>s</em><em> for</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>These are described in this study on t</em><em>he protection of bank deposits in Islamic jurisprudence and Algerian legislation, relying on a collection of references and texts of jurisprudence and legal, as well as some websites.</em><em> </em><em>This </em><em>study covers</em><em> four axes </em><em>regarding the relevant </em><em>concept</em><em>.</em><em> First</em><em>, a</em><em> conceptual introduction to </em><em>the key </em><em>terms in this </em><em>study</em><em>. Second</em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>t</em><em>he legal nature of bank deposits. Third</em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>t</em><em>ypes of bank deposits; </em><em>f</em><em>ourth</em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>p</em><em>rotection of bank deposits.</em><em> </em></p>
Graceful labeling on torch graph
Authors: Manulang Jona Martinus , Sugeng Kiki A. 
Published: June 2018

Let G be a graph with vertex set V=V(G) and edge set E=E(G). An injective function f:V<span style="font-family: symbol;"> --&gt; </span>{0,1,2,...,|E|} is called graceful labeling if f induces a function f<sup>*</sup>(uv)=|f(u)<span style="font-family: symbol;">-</span>f(v)| which is a bijection from E(G) to the set {1,2,3,...,|E|}. A graph which admits a graceful labeling is called a graceful graph. In this paper, we show that torch graph O<sub>n</sub> is a graceful graph.
Trauma renal: ensaio pictórico dos principais achados tomográficos
Authors: Moura Filho Francisco Jose Rodrigues de , Oliveira Marilza , Martins Ana Maria Araújo , Pontes Pedro Henrique Sales , Barros Mário Márcio Fernandes 
Published: June 2018

O rim é o terceiro órgão mais acometido em pacientes vítimas de trauma abdominal. A maioria das lesões traumáticas renais são pequenas, sendo tratadas conservadoramente. A indicação absoluta de tratamento cirúrgico é reservada à menor parte dos casos (< 5%). A tomografia computadorizada é a ferramenta diagnóstica mais importante para adequada avaliação da lesão renal e classificação segundo os critérios da Associação Americana para a Cirurgia do Trauma (AAST). No presente estudo, nós descrevemos os achados tomográficos de cinco pacientes vítimas de trauma renal atendidos em um hospital terciário de referência em trauma e emergência do estado do Ceará e classificamos as lesões renais encontradas segundo os critérios da AAST.
Evaluation of the Effect of Water Salinity, Water Viscosity, and Injection Strategy on Heavy Oil Recovery and Carbon Dioxide Storage in the Forest Reserve Field, Trinidad
Authors: Dewan Cassandra , Sobers Lorraine 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Although Trinidad and Tobago has an abundant supply of relatively pure CO2 and more than 1 billion barrels of heavy oil deposits there are no active enhanced oil recovery (EOR) projects using carbon dioxide (CO2).
In this paper, we have performed black oil simulation studies to evaluate several injection strategies with carbonated water, varying the salinity and viscosity of injected water. The salinity was varied by 1,000 and 35,000 ppm. The viscosity was increased by adding 0.1 weight percent polymer to injected water. The investigation was carried out using a commercial reservoir simulator. The simulation grid represents the properties of a quarter five-spot of the Lower Forest sand of the Forest Reserve Field. The reservoir simulation components used are water, polymer, H, Na, Cl-, dead oil, solution gas and CO2. The Stone #1 three-phase relative permeability model was used to calculate the three-phase relative permeabilities from two-phase data. In addition, a factorial experimental design was utilized and twelve simulation runs were done along with nine benchmark runs for comparison to other EOR methods.
From the results obtained the following was concluded: water salinity has no effect on either oil recovery or carbon dioxide storage; polymer injection increases oil recovery and carbon dioxide storage. We found the optimal injection strategy to be a cycling of carbonated water alternating with polymer injection.
Experimental Evaluation of Sand Porosity in Eagle Ford Shale Fractures
Authors: Elsarawy Ahmed M. , Nasr-El-Din Hisham A. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is the main stimulation method used to economically produce from shale formations. The method requires the injection of a fracturing fluid at a pressure which is high enough to fracture the formation, and as a result, improves the well productivity. A proppant is pumped with the fracturing fluid to prevent the closure of the induced fractures after the treatment. The proppant inside the fracture is subjected to a high earth closure stress, which causes proppant crushing, embedment, and compaction mechanisms. The subsequent reduction of the fracture width and proppant porosity reduces the fracture conductivity and could be crucial to the success of the fracturing treatments. The objective of this study is to experimentally evaluate the reduction of the propped fracture width and proppant porosity between two Eagle Ford shale samples under stress conditions.
An experimental model of propped fracture in Eagle Ford shale was prepared using outcrop samples. Sand proppant of the size 20/40, 40/70, and 100-mesh were tested at the concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 lb/ft2. A high-pressure core holder with modified fittings was used to subject the fracture model to different closure stress values up to 8,000 psia. A new method was used to evaluate the change in the propped fracture width and proppant porosity as a function of closure stress. The fracture width was measured by the consecutive imaging of the fracture under stress using a digital borescope and an image analysis software. The change in the proppant porosity was calculated at each stress and post-experiment sieve analysis was done to quantify the crushed proppant due to the applied stress.
The fracture width and the equivalent proppant porosity under stress were found to be a function of the proppant size and concentration. The proppant porosity under stress was found to be directly proportional to the proppant concentration and inversely proportional to the proppant size. The reduction in fracture width and proppant porosity due to stress ranged from 3.66 to 22.03% and from 5.29 to 39.85% respectively. The crushing of sand proppant was found to be as high as 28.03% at 8,000 psia and 0.2 lb/ft2 proppant concentration, and reduced by increasing its concentration or decreasing its size.
The propped fracture width and proppant porosity under stress can be used as inputs to well production models, reservoir simulation models, and fracture design calculations. The results can also be used in the proppant selection process to improve the fracture conductivity and maximize the well productivity of Eagle Ford shale formations.
Breve comparação da proteção jurídica ambiental de Brasil e Portugal
Authors: Pes João Hélio Ferreira 
Published: June 2018

<p><strong>RESUMO: </strong></p><p>Este trabalho tem como objeto de análise a comparação da proteção jurídica ambiental de Brasil e Portugal. Inicialmente, apresenta algumas características da história, da evolução e dos atuais métodos de direito comparado, para apontar o método utilizado. Utiliza o método funcional para efetuar uma breve comparação da proteção jurídica ambiental entre o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e o ordenamento português. Compara a tutela constitucional prevista ao ambiente e, finalmente, efetua a comparação da legislação e de alguns institutos utilizados na tutela ambiental. Conclui que, tanto no Brasil quanto em Portugal, a proteção jurídica ambiental pode não ser a desejada ou a esperada, mas, tal descompasso não se deve à falta de normas, de institutos ou de instrumentos jurídicos, que nos dois países são similares.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p>This work has as object of analyses the comparison of the environmental legal protection of Brazil and Portugal. Initially, it presents some characteristics of history, evolution and current methods of comparative law, in order to indicate the method used. It uses the functional method to make a brief comparison of the environmental legal protection between the Brazilian legal system and the Portuguese legal system. It compares the constitutional protection dedicated to the environment and, finally, compares the legislation and some institutes used in environmental protection. It concludes that, both in Brazil and Portugal the environmental legal protection may not be what is desired or expected, but this is not due to the lack of norms, institutes or legal instruments, which in both countries are similar. </p>
O direito comparado como interpretação e como teoria do direito
Authors: Pandelon Héloïse 
Published: June 2018

<p><strong>RESUMO: </strong>Tradução do artigo “Le droit comparé comme interprétation et comme théorie du droit”. Revue internationale de droit comparé -, 2, pp. 275-288. 2001. Disponível em: &lt; http://www.persee.fr/doc/ridc_0035-3337_2001_num_53_2_17976&gt;. Acesso em: 20 dez. 2017.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong> Portuguese version of “Le droit comparé comme interprétation et comme théorie du droit”. Revue internationale de droit comparé -, 2, pp. 275-288. 2001. Available: &lt; http://www.persee.fr/doc/ridc_0035-3337_2001_num_53_2_17976&gt;. Acess: 20 dez. 2017.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>PALAVRAS-CHAVE:</strong> Tradução; Português; Direito Comparado; Otto Pfersmann.</p><p> </p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> Translation; Portuguese; Comparative Law; Otto Pfersmann.</p>
Hermenêutica e cosmopolitismo na aplicação do direito estrangeiro pelo juiz local
Authors: Dos Reis Gabriel Valente 
Published: June 2018

<p><strong>RESUMO:</strong></p><p>O presente artigo tem por objeto o desenvolvimento de uma hermenêutica cosmopolita possível diante do fenômeno da aplicação do direito estrangeiro, designado pela norma de Direito Internacional Privado, pelo juiz local. A partir da premissa do surgimento de uma rede jurídica cosmopolita e apoiado na virada linguística ocorrida na filosofia do séc. XX, conclui-se que as teorias tradicionais sobre o status do direito estrangeiro no foro são insuficientes, erigindo-se a partir dessa constatação uma nova concepção fundada em dois parâmetros hermenêuticos: a autocontenção cosmopolita e a expansão de horizontes cosmopolita. A metodologia utilizada foi a da revisão bibliográfica. </p><p> <strong> </strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT: </strong></p><p>This paper develops cosmopolitan hermeneutics within the context of application of foreign Law, appointed by Private International Law rules, by local judges. Based upon the emergence of a cosmopolitan legal network and upon the linguistic turn which took place in philosophy during the 20th century, one concludes that traditional theories about the status of foreign law in the forum are insufficient, developing thus from such acknowledgement an argument based upon two hermeneutic standards: cosmopolitan self-restraint and expansion of cosmopolitan horizons. The adopted methodology was bibliographic revision.</p><p><strong><br /></strong></p><p><strong>Errata: </strong>O artigo foi aceito em abril 11, 2018</p><p> </p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p>
Responsabilidade objetiva do empregador por acidente do trabalho: interpretação a partir da posição jurisprudencial majoritária x interpretação sistemática e por unidade da norma constitucional e infraconstitucional
Authors: Oliveira Ariete Pontes de , Eça Vitor Salino de Moura 
Published: June 2018

<p><strong>RESUMO:</strong></p><p>No que toca à tutela ao meio ambiente juslaboral, o artigo 7º, XXVIII, da CR/88, estabelece, numa interpretação sintático-semântica que a responsabilidade do empregador, em caso de acidente do trabalho, tem natureza subjetiva. A interpretação da natureza jurídica do dever de reparação dada pela jurisprudência tem em sua maioria, caminhado no sentido da interpretação sintático-semântico do texto havido no referido artigo. Contudo, defender-se-á, que a interpretação a ser dada à matéria deve ser definida a partir da responsabilização objetiva e, com fundamentos em Luño, será afirmado que a norma constitucional é fundamental e fundamentadora da ordem jurídica, a ser interpretada em sua unidade e em coerência com o sistema jurídico. Para o enfrentamento da temática proposta, a pesquisa pautou-se no método da revisitação bibliográfica crítica da interpretação positivista para defender a interpretação jurídica para além do positivismo. </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong></p><p>With regard to the protection of the labor environment, article 7, XXVIII of Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil (CR1988) establishes, in a syntactic-semantic interpretation, that the liability of the employer in the event of an occupational accident is subjective in nature. The interpretation of the legal nature of the duty of reparation given by the case-law is mostly directed towards the syntactic-semantic interpretation of the text in the article. However, it will be argued that the interpretation to be given to the matter must be defined based on objective accountability and, based on Luño, it will be affirmed that the constitutional norm is fundamental and grounding of the juridical order, to be interpreted in its coherence with the legal system. In order to confront the proposed theme, the research was based on the method of critical bibliographical revision of the positivist interpretation to defend the legal interpretation beyond positivism. </p>