bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio-AGN activity across the galaxy population: dependence on stellar mass, star formation rate, and redshift
Authors: Kondapally Rohit , Best Philip N , Duncan Kenneth J , Röttgering Huub J A , Smith Daniel J B , Prandoni Isabella , Hardcastle Martin J , Holc Tanja , Patrick Abigail L , Arnaudova Marina I , Mingo Beatriz , Cochrane Rachel K , Das Soumyadeep , Haskell Paul , Magliocchetti Manuela , Małek Katarzyna , Miley George K , Tasse Cyril , Williams Wendy L 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We characterize the co-evolution of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their galaxies by mapping the dependence of radio-loud AGN activity on stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) across cosmic time (out to $z \sim 1.5$). Deep LOFAR radio observations are combined with large galaxy samples to study the incidence of radio-loud AGN across the galaxy population; the AGN are further split into low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) and high-excitation radio galaxies (HERGs). We find that LERG activity occurs over a wide range of SFRs, whereas HERGs are typically found in galaxies with ongoing star formation. The LERGs are then split based on their SFRs relative to the main sequence, across redshift. Within quiescent galaxies, LERG activity shows a steep stellar mass dependence with the same normalization across the past $\sim$10 Gyr; this indicates that hot gas fuels LERGs in quiescent galaxies across cosmic time. In massive galaxies [$\log _{10}(M/\rm {{\rm M}_{\odot }}) \gtrsim 11$], the incidence of LERGs is roughly constant across the galaxy population, suggesting that LERGs in massive galaxies may be fuelled by hot gas regardless of the star formation activity. At lower masses, however, LERG activity is significantly more enhanced (by a factor of up to 10) in star-forming galaxies compared to quiescent galaxies; this suggests that an additional fuelling mechanism, likely associated with cold gas, may fuel the LERGs in galaxies with higher SFRs. We find that HERGs typically accrete above 1 per cent of the Eddington-scaled accretion rate, and the LERGs typically accrete below this level.
Any way the wind blows: quantifying superbubbles and their outflows in simulated galaxies across z ≈ 0-3
Authors: Porter Lori E , Orr Matthew E , Burkhart Blakesley , Wetzel Andrew , Kereš Dušan , Faucher-Giguère Claude-André , Hopkins Philip F 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
We present an investigation of clustered stellar feedback in the form of superbubbles identified within 11 galaxies from the FIRE-2 (Feedback in Realistic Environments) cosmological zoom-in simulation suite, at both cosmic noon (1 &lt; z &lt; 3) and in the local universe. We study the spatially resolved multiphase outflows that these supernovae drive, comparing our findings with recent theory and observations. These simulations consist of five Large Magellanic Cloud–mass galaxies and six Milky Way-mass progenitors (with a minimum baryonic particle mass of $m_{\rm b.min} = 7100\,{\rm M}_{\odot }$). For all galaxies, we calculate the local and galaxy-averaged mass and energy-loading factors from the identified outflows. We also characterize the multiphase morphology and properties of the identified superbubbles, including the ‘shell’ of cool ($T\lt 10^5$ K) gas and break out of energetic hot ($T\gt 10^5$ K) gas when the shell bursts. We find that these simulations, regardless of redshift, have mass-loading factors and momentum fluxes in the cool gas that largely agree with recent observations. Lastly, we also investigate how methodological choices in measuring outflows can affect loading factors for galactic winds.
Modelling and estimation of adaptive optics-corrected long-exposure point spread function using Gaussian sum approximation
Authors: Escárate Pedro , Osorio B , Zamorano C , Coronel M , Orellana R , Agüero J C , Neichel B 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Adaptive optics (AO) enhances astronomical images by correcting perturbations in the optical system, resulting in complex point spread function (PSF) shapes, which provide critical information for optical design, calibration, and diagnostics. This paper presents a parametric model for an AO-corrected long-exposure PSF that adapts to complex shapes and various seeing conditions. A complementary estimation method is also introduced, addressing the inverse problem of estimating the atmospheric PSF or power spectral density (PSD) from observed PSF data. The model, based on Gaussian sum approximation (GSA), was tested using simulated PSF data from the OOMAO toolbox for Fried parameter ($r_0$) values ranging from 0.10 to 0.20 m and on-sky data from the Very Large Telescope’s MUSE instrument. Two approaches were analysed: (i) direct PSF estimation using GSA, and (ii) PSF estimation derived from atmospheric PSD estimation. Both methods were evaluated using root mean square error (RMSE). While approach (i) provided the best performance, approach (ii) produced more accurate atmospheric PSF estimates compared to the Moffat approximation and the Fetick method. Additionally, approach (ii) enabled the estimation of key physical parameters, such as the Fried parameter ($r_0$) and residual AO variance ($\sigma _{AO}^2$). The proposed methods effectively estimate atmospheric PSF and PSD, even for complex PSF shapes influenced by spiders, central obstructions, or static aberrations.
SN 1054 as a pulsar-driven supernova: implications for the crab pulsar and remnant evolution
Authors: Omand Conor M B , Sarin Nikhil , Temim Tea 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
One of the most studied objects in astronomy, the Crab Nebula, is the remnant of the historical supernova SN 1054. Historical observations of the supernova imply a typical supernova luminosity, but contemporary observations of the remnant imply a low explosion energy and low ejecta kinetic energy. These observations are incompatible with a standard $^{56}$Ni-powered supernova, hinting at an an alternate power source such as circumstellar interaction or a central engine. We examine SN 1054 using a pulsar-driven supernova model, similar to those used for superluminous supernovae. The model can reproduce the luminosity and velocity of SN 1054 for an initial spin period of $\sim$14 ms and an initial dipole magnetic field of 10$^{14-15}$ G. We discuss the implications of these results, including the evolution of the Crab pulsar, the evolution of the remnant structure, formation of filaments, and limits on freely expanding ejecta. We discuss how our model could be tested further through potential light echo photometry and spectroscopy, as well as the modern analogues of SN 1054.
Does the fundamental metallicity relation evolve with redshift? – II. The evolution in normalization of the mass–metallicity relation
Authors: Garcia Alex M , Torrey Paul , Ellison Sara L , Grasha Kathryn , Chen Qian-Hui , Hemler Z S , Zimmerman Dhruv T , Wright Ruby J , Zovaro Henry R M , Nelson Erica J , Sanders Ryan L , Kewley Lisa J , Hernquist Lars 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The metal content of galaxies is a direct probe of the baryon cycle. A hallmark example is the relationship between a galaxy’s stellar mass, star formation rate (SFR), and gas-phase metallicity: the fundamental metallicity relation (FMR). While low-redshift ($z\lesssim 4$) observational studies suggest that the FMR is redshift-invariant, recent high-zJWST data indicate deviations from the FMR established at low-z. In this study, we utilize the FMR to predict the evolution of the normalization of the mass–metallicity relation (MZR) using the cosmological simulations Illustris, IllustrisTNG, EAGLE, and SIMBA. Our findings demonstrate that a $z = 0$ calibrated FMR struggles to predict the evolution in the MZR of each simulation. To quantify the divergence of the predictions, we introduce the concepts of a ‘static’ FMR, where the role of the SFR in setting the normalization of the MZR does not change with redshift, and a ‘dynamic’ FMR, where the role of SFR evolves over time. We find static FMRs in SIMBA and dynamic FMRs in Illustris, IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE. We suggest that the differences between these models likely points to the subtle differences in the implementation of the baryon cycle. Moreover, we echo recent JWST results at $z \gt 4$ by finding significant offsets from the FMR in IllustrisTNG and EAGLE, suggesting that the observed FMR may have a similar dynamic trend as these simulations. Overall, our findings imply that the current FMR framework neglects important time variations of these simulations’ baryon cycles.
First observational evidence of plasma waves in the martian magnetosheath jet
Authors: Pandey Sahil , Kakad Amar , Kakad Bharati 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission reveals the existence of magnetosheath jets in the Martian plasma environment. The jets, which contrast with the surrounding plasma in the magnetosheath region, are transitory, locally limited plasma structures with high dynamic pressure. For the first time, MAVEN’s high-time resolution burst mode data are utilized to analyse plasma waves in these jets. Our investigation reveals the simultaneous presence of solitary waves, double layers, electron acoustic waves, and mirror modes. These waves in the Martian magnetosheath jets show similar wave characteristics to those observed in the Earth’s magnetosheath jets. These plasma wave observations will help us comprehend the genesis of jets in the Martian plasma environment as they are carriers of momentum and energy across different regions.
Clinical and genetic markers of vascular toxicity in glioblastoma patients: Insights from NRG Oncology RTOG-0825
Authors: Strauss Joshua D , Gilbert Mark R , Mehta Minesh , Li Ang , Zhou Renke , Bondy Melissa L , Sulman Erik P , Yuan Ying , Liu Yanhong , Vera Elizabeth , Wendland Merideth M , Stieber Volker W , Puduvalli Vinay K , Choi Serah , Martinez Nina L , Robins H Ian , Hunter Grant K , Lin Chi-Fan , Guedes Vivian A , Richard Melissa A , Pugh Stephanie L , Armstrong Terri S , Scheurer Michael E 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain cancer in which treatment is associated with toxicities that can result in therapy discontinuation or death. This analysis investigated clinical and genetic markers of vascular toxicities in GBM patients during active treatment.

Methods
In total, 591 non-Hispanic White GBM patients with clinical data were included in the analysis from NRG RTOG-0825. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were performed from genotyped blood samples (N = 367) by occurrence of thrombosis or hypertension (grade ≥ 2). A clinical prediction model was produced for each vascular toxicity. Significant GWAS variants were then added to the clinical model as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-dose-effect variable to produce the final genetic models.

Results
Thrombosis and hypertension were experienced by 62 (11%) and 59 (10%) patients, respectively. Patients who experienced hypertension displayed improved survival over those without hypertension (median overall survival: 25.72 vs. 15.47 months, p = 0.002). The genetic model of thrombosis included corticosteroid use (odds ratio [OR]: 7.13, p = 0.02), absolute neutrophil count (OR: 1.008, p = 0.19), body surface area (OR: 18.87, p = 0.0008), and SNP-dose effect (3 variants; OR: 3.79, p &lt; 0.0001). The genetic model of hypertension included bevacizumab use (OR: 0.97, p = 0.95) and the SNP-dose effect (6 variants; OR: 4.44, p &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
In this study, germline variants were superior in predicting hypertension than clinical variables alone. Additionally, corticosteroid use was a considerable risk factor for thrombosis. Future investigations should confirm the hazard of corticosteroid use on thrombosis and the impact of bevacizumab in other malignancies after accounting for the genetic risk of hypertension.
Chronic implantable flexible serpentine probe reveals impaired spatial coding of place cells in epilepsy
Authors: Wang Yu , Han Meiqi , Xu Zhaojie , Lv Shiya , Yang Gucheng , Mo Fan , Jing Luyi , Jia Qianli , Duan Yiming , Xu Wei , Jiao Peiyao , Liu Yaoyao , Shan Jin , Li Ming , Wang Mixia , Luo Jinping , Song Yilin , Liu Juntao , Wu Yirong , Cai Xinxia 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT
The development of minimally invasive and reliable electrode probes for neural signal recording is crucial for advancing neuroscience and treating major brain disorders. Flexible neural probes offer superior long-term recording capabilities over traditional rigid probes. This study introduces a parylene-based serpentine electrode probe for stable, long-term neural monitoring. Inspired by the flexibility and morphology of snakes, the serpentine design of the probe ensures stable anchorage within the brain tissue during subject movement. The probe features a hydrophilic surface and is combined with a biodegradable silk fibroin–polyethylene glycol coating, significantly enhancing biocompatibility and mitigating inflammatory responses. In vivo experiments demonstrate that these probes enable stable, high-quality neural recordings for &gt;8 months. The probes are also used to investigate the neural bases of epilepsy-induced cognitive deficits. By analysing place-cell dynamics in mice pre- and post-epileptic events, we identified the correlation between impaired spatial encoding and the observed cognitive deficits in epileptic mice. This study highlights the potential of our flexible probes in neurological research and medical applications.
Qualitative Examination of US and Israeli Adults’ Perceptions of IQOS Advertising Messages: Modified Exposure and Risk Statements, US FDA Endorsement, and Health Warnings
Authors: Berg Carla J , Levine Hagai , LoParco Cassidy R , Cui Yuxian , Khayat Amal , Duan Zongshuan , Abroms Lorien C , Wang Yan , Bar-Zeev Yael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
IQOS, a leading heated tobacco product, is advertised as less harmful than cigarettes and received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorization for “reduced exposure” advertising claims. Perceptions of advertising messages, including reduced exposure/risk” claims, FDA endorsements, and health warning labels (HWLs), are understudied.

Aims and Methods
Qualitative interviews (N = 84) from US and Israeli adults (2022) examined perceptions of advertising messages, specifically: 1) scientific claims that switching completely from cigarettes to IQOS reduces 1a) chemical exposure and 1b) tobacco-related disease risk; 2) FDA endorsement of IQOS as a 2a) better choice for adult smokers and 2b) fundamentally different product (heat-not-burn); and 3) promoting IQOS as cigarette alternatives with a HWL pertaining to cigarettes.

Results
For half of the participants, referencing scientific studies or the FDA enhanced credibility; some believed this implied unbiased, rigorous research. Half were skeptical due to lack of research-related details. Half interpreted message 1 (switching) to mean any substitution could be beneficial; half interpreted it as complete substitution was necessary. Most did not perceive differences between message 1a (reduced exposure) versus 1b (reduced risk). Some believed message 2a (FDA endorsement, not targeting youth) demonstrated IQOS’ social responsibility. Some interpreted message 2b (fundamentally different product) as risk reduction; others perceived no difference. The majority paraphrased messages using the terms “safer,” “healthier,” or “less harmful.” For message 3 (a safer alternative), some did not think the HWL applied to IQOS; some believed it promoted IQOS.

Conclusions
Regulators and researchers must monitor harm-reduction advertising messaging and take actions to prevent consumer misinterpretations.

Implications
Philip Morris International’s IQOS received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorization for “reduced exposure” advertising claims, which are often misinterpreted, and has exploited FDA authorization to promote IQOS globally. This qualitative study showed that most participants perceived no difference between reduced risk versus exposure messages in IQOS ads, half believed that references to scientific studies or FDA enhanced credibility, some believed certain messages demonstrated IQOS’ social responsibility, and some perceived warnings in IQOS ads to promote IQOS. Product ads using harm reduction messages must be monitored to inform efforts to prevent potentially harmful misinterpretations and mitigate negative population-level impacts.
The effect of trade liberalization on marriage and fertility: evidence from Indian census
Authors: Sengupta Shruti , Azam Mehtabul 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Using a district-level panel constructed from five waves of decennial Indian censuses covering 1971–2011, we examine the medium-term (1991–2001) and long-term (1991–2011) impacts of the 1991 Indian trade liberalization on marriage and fertility rates among young women aged 15–34. We exploit the fact that countrywide tariff reductions varied across industries creating exogenous local labor market shocks based on the initial employment composition of the district. We find heterogeneous results across urban and rural areas. We find that urban areas of the districts that experienced larger tariff cuts experienced relative increases in marriage rates compared to the districts that experienced smaller tariff cuts. Tariff cuts positively affect workforce participation among both young men and women in urban areas. However, there is no impact of tariff cuts on the marriage rate or workforce participation among young population (15–34) in rural areas. In contrast, tariff cuts reduced fertility rates mostly in rural areas.
Implementing Oral Antibiotics for Bone and Joint Infections: Lessons Learned and Opportunities for Improvement
Authors: Hawkins Marten R , Thottacherry Elizabeth , Juthani Prerak , Aronson Jenny , Chang Amy , Amanatullah Derek F , Markovits Jessie , Shen Sa , Holubar Marisa , Andrews Jason R , Parsonnet Julie , Furukawa Daisuke 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Although intravenous antibiotics have historically been the standard of care for bone and joint infections, clinical trial data have highlighted the safety and efficacy of oral antibiotics. Despite this, intravenous antibiotics are still commonly used, and evaluations of institutional guidelines advancing oral antibiotic use are limited.

Methods
In April 2023, we implemented a new institutional guideline to preferentially treat patients with bone and joint infections with oral antibiotics. The postguideline cohort was compared with a historical preguideline cohort via retrospective chart review. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients discharged exclusively on oral antibiotics. Secondary outcomes included 90-day treatment failure, length of stay, and adverse effects.

Results
One hundred eighty-six patients (53 preguideline and 133 postguideline) were included in the analysis. Patients in the postguideline cohort were more likely to be discharged exclusively on oral antibiotics (25% vs 70%; P &lt; .01), with no difference in 90-day treatment failure (8% vs 9%; P = .75). Patients in the postguideline cohort had a shorter length of stay than preguideline (median, 8 vs 7 days; P = .04) and trended toward fewer peripherally inserted central catheter–related adverse events (6% vs 1%; P = .07).

Conclusions
An institutional guideline was effective in increasing the proportion of patients with bone and joint infections discharged on oral antibiotics. We observed similar clinical outcomes after implementing the guidelines while reducing length of hospital stay.
Trends in complexity of single-agent and combination therapies for solid tumor cancers approved by the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Chen Emerson Y , Rai Manoj , Tadikonda Yash , Roy Preeyam , Nollner Dakota W , Chitkara Akshit , Hamilton Julia , Thawani Rajat 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Many FDA-approved cancer therapies, whether as a multiagent combination or as a single agent, have demonstrated only modest clinical benefit. To investigate the drug development landscape, this analysis focuses on whether newly approved drugs are added to existing standards as combination therapy or replace a former drug as monotherapy.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of package inserts and corresponding trials for the treatment of nonhematology solid tumor malignancies from January 2011 to December 2023 was conducted to categorize an approval as monotherapy or combination therapy. Drug characteristics, treatment indications, study design, approval history, and efficacy results were compared between the 2 cohorts.

Results
Among the 292 approval entries and 110 drugs, 193 (66.1%) were monotherapies and 99 (33.9%) were combinations. Combinations, when compared with monotherapies, were more frequently approved as regular than accelerated approval (85 [85.9%] vs 132 [68.4%], P &lt;.01), in the first-line setting (66 [66.7%] vs 69 [35.8%], P &lt;.01), and with overall survival as the criteria (49 [49.5%] vs 40 [20.7%], P &lt;.01). Monotherapies were more likely to be novel drugs compared with combinations (80 [41.5%] vs 14 [14.1%] P &lt;.01). Monotherapies were more likely to be small molecule targeted agents, while combinations were more likely to be immunotherapies (P &lt;.02). There was no difference comparing the time-to-event endpoints and validated clinical benefit scale, but the median response rate of combinations (46%) was higher than monotherapies (34%, P &lt;.01).

Discussion
Given that clinical benefit appears limited in combination therapy compared with monotherapy, drug development could focus on simplifying cancer therapies toward patient-centered paradigms.
Causal relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhang Yi , Ou Guangyang , Li Rongkang , Peng Lei , Shi Jianguo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objective
Our aim is to explore the relation between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) from a genetic level utilizing Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods
The IEU genome-wide association studies database was surveyed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BPH, PCa, and PCa (validation cohort). Single nucleotide polymorphisms were subjected to stringent quality control based on rigorous screening criteria. BPH and PCa risk were evaluated using the inverse-variance weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger, simple mode, weighted median, and weighted mode. Horizontal pleiotropy of single nucleotide polymorphisms was assessed using the MR-Egger intercept test, while heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q test. Reverse causality was assessed by evaluating PCa as the exposure and BPH as the outcome. A validation database was used to verify the exposure and outcome.

Results
The risk of PCa increased significantly with genetically predicted BPH (IVW: OR [95% CI] = 1.3849 × 107 [2330, 8.2294 × 1010], P = 2.0814 × 10−4). In reverse MR analysis, PCa also increased the risk of BPH (IVW: OR [95% CI] = 1.0011 [1.0003, 1.0019], P = 0.0031). The findings were consistent with the MR analysis results of the PCa validation cohort. Sensitivity analyses indicated the presence of heterogeneity but no horizontal pleiotropy.

Conclusion
The study presents proof of a significant bidirectional causal relationship between genetically predicted BPH and an increased risk of PCa.
Key message Three research questions and three bullet points What is already known on this topic? Observational studies suggest a controversial relationship between BPH and PCa. MR allows investigation of causality using genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs). What does this study add? The study presents proof of a significant bidirectional causal relationship between genetically predicted BPH and an increased risk of PCa. How this study might affect research, practice, or policy? Recognizing the bidirectional relationship between BPH and PCa, men diagnosed with BPH may benefit from more stringent PCa screening protocols.