bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A “Green” Primary Explosive: Design, Synthesis, and Testing
Authors: Tang Jie , Chen Dan , Zhang Gen , Yang Hongwei , Cheng Guangbin 
Published: February 2019

This account presents the synthesis and the characterization of triazine-tetrazine nitrogen heterocyclic compounds. Some compounds were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The physical and chemical properties were obtained by EXPLO5 v6.01, gas pycnometer, BAM Fallhammer, BAM Friction tester, and several detonation tests. The results show that the new metal-free polyazido compound 3,6-bis-[2-(4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-diazenyl]-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (4) with high heat of formation (2820 kJ mol–1/6130.2 kJ kg–1) and excellent detonation velocity and pressure (D = 8602 m s–1, P = 29.4 GPa) could be used as ingredient in secondary explosives. 3,6-Bis-[2-(4,6-diazido-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-hydrazinyl]-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (3) can detonate research department explosive (RDX, cyclonite) as a primer (Δf
H
m = 2114 kJ mol–1/4555.2 kJ kg–1, D = 8365 m s–1, P = 26.8 GPa), whose initiation capacity is comparable to that of the traditional primary explosive Pb(N3)2. Therefore, the metal-free compound 3 can potentially replace lead-based-primary explosives, which would be advantageous for the environment.1	Introduction2	Strategies to Form High-Nitrogen Compounds with High Heat of Formation3	Metal-Free Strategies to Prepare Primary Explosives4	Concluding Remarks
Rock-Hard Chronic Thrombotic Occlusion and Its Management in Endovascular Interventions
Authors: Madassery Sreekumar 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEndovascular recanalization for patient with peripheral arterial disease and the end of its spectrum critical limb ischemia (CLI) has become a preferred method of revascularization due to advancement of techniques and equipment, allowing reduction of limb amputations while maintaining a minimally invasive approach compared to surgical approaches. Interventionalists have undertaken a progressively increasing complexity of diseased vessels in the hopes of providing inline unobstructed flow through occlusions for patients with claudication as well as direct flow to a nonhealing wound in patients with CLI. One of the major roadblocks encountered in lower extremity recanalization procedures is managing severely calcified chronic thrombotic occlusions which decrease luminal revascularization, ultimately increasing use of adjunctive interventions such as subintimal tracking, reentry device utilization, and stent placement. Understanding the histopathology and classification of lower extremity calcifications, imaging findings, and escalation of equipment use provides a thorough background in dealing with these specific cases.
Multidisciplinary Approach to PAD: Who's on Your Team?
Authors: Dhand Sabeen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe complexity of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and its multiorgan involvement requires the utilization of a multispecialty team approach. Members of this team include a vascular specialty (interventional radiology, cardiology, and vascular surgery), podiatry, orthopedic surgery, primary care, infectious disease, endocrinology, plastic surgery, wound care nursing, and dietetics. A team approach has been proven to significantly improve patient outcomes as well as decreasing amputation rates. In order to promote collaboration and avoid duplication of care, the team can be broken down into three main pillars: medical management, wound care, and revascularization. A complete team approach is vital for this population, with an overall goal to treat all manifestations of the disease and prevent further progression and risk of major sequelae of the disease.
Clinical Assessment of Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Office: What Do the Guidelines Say?
Authors: Scherbel Derek , Tummala Srini 
Published: February 2019

AbstractLower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is the manifestation of atherosclerotic disease within the lower extremities. The presentation of PAD is diverse ranging from asymptomatic disease to claudication or to debilitating rest pain, nonhealing ulcers, and gangrene. PAD is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Proper diagnosis and management of PAD is important so as to maintain quality of life and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and adverse limb events such as amputation. This document provides a comprehensive outpatient approach to the clinical assessment of PAD that includes risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up options.
Evidence-Based Interventions for Adult Aural Rehabilitation: That Was Then, This Is Now
Authors: Maidment David , Henshaw Helen , Heffernan Eithne , Ferguson Melanie 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMore than a decade after Arthur Boothroyd published “Adult Aural Rehabilitation: What Is It and Does It Work?,” the four cornerstones of adult aural rehabilitation are re-examined in terms of research that we and others in the field have undertaken. The focus is on novel advances in high-quality research relating to interventions to support self-management for hearing aids and other listening devices (sensory management), knowledge and skill (instruction), auditory and cognitive training (perceptual training), and motivational engagement (counseling). Much of this new research has a theoretical underpinning (e.g., behavior change theory) to better guide the development and evaluation of interventions, with a focus on self-management and patient-centered approaches. New and emerging technologies that support e- and m-health delivery of interventions provide greater personalization and interactivity to promote self-management of hearing loss. Looking to the future, there remains a requirement for a set of relevant and appropriate outcome measures to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions trialed in clinical studies. There is a continuing need for high-quality evidence, underpinned by contemporary theory, to increase the likelihood that translational adult aural rehabilitation research that aims to benefit patients will be applied in future clinical practice.
Potential of Multidimensional, Large-scale Biodatabases to Elucidate Coagulation and Platelet Pathways as an Approach towards Precision Medicine in Thrombotic Disease
Authors: Panova-Noeva Marina , Eggebrecht Lisa , Prochaska Jürgen H. , Wild Philipp S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCardiovascular and especially thrombotic diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In past years, significant improvements in understanding disease processes, risk assessment, and prediction of clinical outcome in the field of thrombosis and haemostasis have been made by using large-scale biodatabases. These important research resources enable a comprehensive research approach by integrating clinical, environmental, genomic, and molecular information. Cutting edge, high throughput technologies open new data dimensions for clinical large-scale investigations. Joining multiple information levels from several pathophysiological pathways in contrast to a single marker approach might better model the complexity of disease pathogenesis. This review focuses on the possibilities that ultimately allow conducting wide-scale analyses for unravelling the multifaceted interplay between coagulation and cellular (e.g., platelets) elements in the development of thrombotic disease. It further provides examples for the use of biodatabases in the field of venous thromboembolism, explores the links between venous and arterial thrombotic diseases, and finally informs on the current use of platelet biomarkers in the thrombosis and haemostasis field.
Teaching digital fiction: integrating experimental writing and current technologies
Authors: Skains R. Lyle 
Published: February 2019

AbstractToday’s creative writers are immersed in a multiplicative, multimodal—digital—universe. It requires “multiliteracies”, all in a constantly and rapidly evolving technological environment, which are not yet fundamentally integrated into the basic literacy skills entrenched in school learning. How can creative writing instructors in higher education best prepare their students for the real-world contexts of their creative practice? One approach is to integrate the creative writing workshop with a focus on digital and interactive design. This paper outlines a module incorporating multiple literacies into a creative writing course, Playable Fiction, noting the affordances, limitations, and benefits of teaching workshops for writing digital fiction (“born-digital” fiction, composed for and read on digital devices). The researcher took an ethnographical approach to the question, designing a module to encourage creative writing students to experiment with digital fiction, and observing the effects on the students’ attitudes and their coursework. Included is a discussion of the benefits to students of developing multiliteracies and considerations for teaching, including issues of technical know-how and the lack of infrastructural support. Finally, the paper describes the model class taught to second-year and third-year undergraduates in the ‘Games Design and Professional Writing' programs at Bangor University, in the UK, including marking recommendations and reading list advice.
Stalls in Africa’s fertility decline partly result from disruptions in female education
Authors: Kebede Endale , Goujon Anne , Lutz Wolfgang 
Published: February 2019

Significance
The future pace of fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa is the main determinant of future world population growth and will have massive implications for Africa and the rest of the world, not least through international migration pressure and difficulties in meeting the sustainable development goals. In this context, there have been concerns about recent stalls in the fertility decline in some African countries. Our findings suggest that these stalls are in part explained by earlier stalls in female education and that less-educated women are more vulnerable to adverse period conditions. This has important implications for setting policy priorities.
Design–functionality relationships for adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins
Authors: Ludwig Anna-Kristin , Michalak Malwina , Xiao Qi , Gilles Ulrich , Medrano Francisco J. , Ma Hanyue , FitzGerald Forrest G. , Hasley William D. , Melendez-Davila Adriel , Liu Matthew , Rahimi Khosrow , Kostina Nina Yu , Rodriguez-Emmenegger Cesar , Möller Martin , Lindner Ingo , Kaltner Herbert , Cudic Mare , Reusch Dietmar , Kopitz Jürgen , Romero Antonio , Oscarson Stefan , Klein Michael L. , Gabius Hans-Joachim , Percec Virgil 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Glycan-lectin recognition is vital to embryogenesis, and progression in common diseases such as cancer and osteoarthritis. However, the rules governing specificity for the functional pairing and postbinding events are not yet understood, even though human lectins have been thoroughly characterized structurally. Herein, we employ protein engineering to produce new types of variants via redesign of modular lectin architecture. Comparative assays with cells (for growth regulation) and surface-programmable nanovesicles (for bridging) revealed qualitative effector/antagonist changes caused by topological switching, using human galectins-1 and -3 as a test case. In addition to identifying galectin-3’s unique chimera-type design as a means to enable functional antagonism between galectins, this approach generates new promising tools for imaging studies on lattices and for innovative therapeutic approaches.
Froghoppers jump from smooth plant surfaces by piercing them with sharp spines
Authors: Goetzke Hanns Hagen , Pattrick Jonathan G. , Federle Walter 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Attachment mechanisms of climbing animals provide inspiration for biomimetics, but many natural adaptations are still unexplored. Animals are known to grip by interlocking claws with rough surfaces, or engaging adhesive pads on smooth substrates. Here we report that insects can use a third, fundamentally different attachment mechanism on plant surfaces. When accelerating for jumps, froghoppers produce traction by piercing plant surfaces with sharp metal-enriched spines on their hind legs, deforming the cuticle plastically and leaving behind microscopic holes, like a biological nanoindenter. This mechanism depends on the substrate’s hardness, and requires special adaptations of the cuticle at the spine tips. Piercing may represent a widespread attachment strategy among plant-living insects, promising inspiration for novel robotic grippers and climbers.
Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 3 promotes focal adhesion turnover via interactions with dynein intermediate chain 2
Authors: Rojas Tomas , Cheng Weiwei , Gao Zhe , Liu Xiaoqi , Wang Yakun , Malla Adarsha P. , Chin Alfred C. , Romer Lewis H. , Snyder Solomon H. , Fu Chenglai 
Published: February 2019

SignificanceCells express a family of three inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (IP6Ks), whose functions depend on the intracellular microenvironment. We find that IP6K3 is enriched at the migrating leading edge of cell membranes, where IP6K3 physiologically interacts with protein dynein intermediate chain 2 (DIC2). The cell membrane localizations of IP6K3 and DIC2 are interdependent. At the cell membrane, IP6K3 promotes cell motility via influences on the turnover of cell adhesions. Deletion of IP6K3 impairs neuronal cell migration and elicits brain malformation.
Mass spectrometry: From plasma proteins to mitochondrial membranes
Authors: Robinson Carol V. 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Following initial discoveries of noncovalent associations surviving in the gas phase, only a few practitioners pursued this research area. Today scientists around the world are using these approaches to ascertain the heterogeneity and stoichiometry of proteins within complexes. Recent developments further highlight opportunities for studying the effects of protein glycosylation on antibody–antigen interactions and drug binding, as well as site-directed mutagenesis and posttranslational modification on membrane protein interfaces. As a result of many developments over the last two decades, mass spectrometry of protein complexes has exploded and is now undertaken not just in dedicated research laboratories in academia, but also in pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. It is therefore timely to trace the history of these developments in this personal perspective.
Phosphorylation-mediated activation of mouse Xkr8 scramblase for phosphatidylserine exposure
Authors: Sakuragi Takaharu , Kosako Hidetaka , Nagata Shigekazu 
Published: February 2019

Significance
Cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PtdSer) is observed not only in apoptotic cells, but also in activated lymphocytes, activated platelets, capacitated sperm, aged erythrocytes, and some cancer cells. Xkr8, a membrane protein carrying 10 putative transmembrane segments, was originally identified as a scramblase that is activated by caspase-mediated cleavage during apoptosis. Here we show that mouse Xkr8 scramblase activity can be stimulated by kinase-mediated phosphorylation independent of the caspase-mediated cleavage, suggesting that Xkr8 may play a role in various biological processes to expose PtdSer.
Environmental impacts of domestic resource extraction in China
Authors: Zhao Shen , Wang He-Ming , Chen Wei-Qiang , Yang Dong , Liu Jing-Ru , Shi Feng 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The rapid development of economy has led to extensive raw material consumption and relevant environmental damage in China. To analyze environmental impacts and identify materials resulting in these environmental effects via raw material extraction, we combine economy-wide material flow accounting and life-cycle analysis methods to estimate environmental impacts of Chinese domestic extraction (DE) during the period of 1992–2015. The relationship between these increasing environmental impacts and Chinese GDP was also explored by decoupling analysis.
Outcomes:
Results show that Chinese DE increased by 372% during 1992–2015. The global warming potential, abiotic depletion potential, and respiratory inorganics of Chinese DE increased by 195%, 46%, and 408%, respectively. In terms of specific materials, extraction of iron ores, gravel and sand, and coal induced the most environmental impacts. The relationship between environmental impacts and Chinese GDP/DE was characterized by relative decoupling.
Conclusion:
To minimize the environmental impacts of extraction, we recommend that the Chinese government improve its extraction techniques and reduce excess demand for materials with large extraction such as iron ores, gravel and sand, and coal. We also recommend researching alternative materials for scarce resources like molybdenum, gold, and fluorite.
Assessment of Modern Technology Influence in the Transport Industry to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Authors: Gorbunova A D , Anisimov I A , Fadyushin A A , Tishin M , Zakharov D A 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The modern ecological direction of development of all industries leads to the creation and introduction of new technologies, in particular in the field of transport. At present, the introduction of wireless technologies as well as information and automated systems is observed in transport systems. This causes the creation of automated passenger cars. The article describes the analysis of previously completed studies that are aimed at creating models of logic and driver assistance systems. The results of researches, which were analyzed, showed that the implementation of fully automated systems in traffic conditions, where the largest share of cars is driven by people, is inefficient. Therefore, researchers consider connected systems, which include V2X technology. It includes the possibility of interaction between vehicles, its connection with the infrastructure, pedestrians and various devices. This eliminates the factor of “human error” in the case of driving a vehicle. In this study, an assessment of the impact of vehicle proportion, which is equipped a V2V system, and the maximum desired speed on the average delay time was carried out using simulation modeling. As a result, the authors found that an increase in the first factor, respectively, contributes to a decrease in the output indicator. The introduction of vehicles equipped with a V2V system reduces its fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions.
Population structure of Betula albosinensis and Betula platyphylla: evidence for hybridization and a cryptic lineage
Authors: Hu Ya-Nan , Zhao Lei , Buggs Richard J A , Zhang Xue-Min , Li Jun , Wang Nian 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsDifferences in local abundance and ploidy level are predicted to impact the direction of introgression between species. Here, we tested these hypotheses on populations of Betula albosinensis (red birch) and Betula platyphylla (white birch) which were thought to differ in ploidy level, the former being tetraploid and the latter diploid.MethodsWe sampled 391 birch individuals from nine localities in China, and classified them into species based on leaf morphology. Twelve nuclear microsatellite markers were genotyped in each sample, and analysed using principal coordinates analysis and STRUCTURE software. We compared the effects of two different methods of scoring polyploid genotypes on population genetic analyses. We analysed the effect of ploidy, local species abundance and latitude on levels of introgression between the species.Key ResultsLeaf morphology divided our samples into red and white birch, but genetic analyses unexpectedly revealed two groups within red birch, one of which was tetraploid, as expected, but the other of which appeared to have diploid microsatellite genotypes. Five individuals were identified as early-generation hybrids or backcrosses between white birch and red birch and five were identified between red birch and ‘diploid’ red birch. Cline analysis showed that levels of admixture were not significantly correlated with latitude. Estimated genetic differentiation among species was not significantly different between determined tetraploid and undetermined tetraploid genotypes.ConclusionsLimited hybridization and gene flow have occurred between red birch and white birch. Relative species abundance and ploidy level do not impact the direction of introgression between them, as genetic admixture is roughly symmetrical. We unexpectedly found populations of apparently diploid red birch and this taxon may be a progenitor of allotetraploid red birch populations. Incomplete lineage sorting may explain patterns of genetic admixture between apparently diploid and allotetraploid red birch.
Employing plant functional groups to advance seed dispersal ecology and conservation
Authors: Aslan Clare , Beckman Noelle G , Rogers Haldre S , Bronstein Judie , Zurell Damaris , Hartig Florian , Shea Katriona , Pejchar Liba , Neubert Mike , Poulsen John , HilleRisLambers Janneke , Miriti Maria , Loiselle Bette , Effiom Edu , Zambrano Jenny , Schupp Geno , Pufal Gesine , Johnson Jeremy , Bullock James M , Brodie Jedediah , Bruna Emilio , Cantrell Robert Stephen , Decker Robin , Fricke Evan , Gurski Katie , Hastings Alan , Kogan Oleg , Razafindratsima Onja , Sandor Manette , Schreiber Sebastian , Snell Rebecca , Strickland Christopher , Zhou Ying 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Seed dispersal enables plants to reach hospitable germination sites and escape natural enemies. Understanding when and how much seed dispersal matters to plant fitness is critical for understanding plant population and community dynamics. At the same time, the complexity of factors that determine if a seed will be successfully dispersed and subsequently develop into a reproductive plant is daunting. Quantifying all factors that may influence seed dispersal effectiveness for any potential seed-vector relationship would require an unrealistically large amount of time, materials and financial resources. On the other hand, being able to make dispersal predictions is critical for predicting whether single species and entire ecosystems will be resilient to global change. Building on current frameworks, we here posit that seed dispersal ecology should adopt plant functional groups as analytical units to reduce this complexity to manageable levels. Functional groups can be used to distinguish, for their constituent species, whether it matters (i) if seeds are dispersed, (ii) into what context they are dispersed and (iii) what vectors disperse them. To avoid overgeneralization, we propose that the utility of these functional groups may be assessed by generating predictions based on the groups and then testing those predictions against species-specific data. We suggest that data collection and analysis can then be guided by robust functional group definitions. Generalizing across similar species in this way could help us to better understand the population and community dynamics of plants and tackle the complexity of seed dispersal as well as its disruption.