bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling of rare flood meadow species distribution by a combined habitat surface water–groundwater model
Authors: Gattringer Johannes P. , Maier Nadine , Breuer Lutz , Otte Annette , Donath Tobias W. , Kraft Philipp , Harvolk‐Schöning Sarah 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFloodplains are highly complex and dynamic systems in terms of their hydrology. Thus, they comprise a wide habitat heterogeneity and therefore harbour highly specialized species. For future projections of habitat and species diversity, process‐based models simulating ecohydrological conditions and resulting habitat and species distributions are needed. We present a new modelling framework that includes a physically based, surface water–groundwater model coupled with a habitat model. Using the model framework, we simulate the occurrence of 23 flood meadow plant species in a Rhine River floodplain. To benchmark the data, results are compared with a conventional approach with simple spatial hydrological information. Our results show that models with predictors obtained from the surface water–groundwater model are significantly more accurate for rare and endangered species, as well as for typical flood meadow species. A total of 15 hydrological predictors were defined, which look relevant and promising for a good prediction, but at the same time reflect very different hydrological conditions. The standard deviation of the groundwater level, wet soil conditions, and inundation belong to the most relevant predictors for an accurate prediction. Therefore, we recommend including more specific hydrological information in habitat models of species in complex floodplain ecosystems. Such spatial explicit habitat models can also open up further possibilities, such as the projection of global change impact studies or nature conservation planning.
Synthetic and Structural Investigations on the System Na1–xEux[Li3–2xSi1‐xAl3xO4–4xN4x]
Authors: Dutzler Daniel , Seibald Markus , Baumann Dominik , Ruegenberg Freia , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the contributors to the published work originating from an international cooperation between the Huppertz group (University of Innsbruck, Austria) and OSRAM Opto Semiconductors (Germany). The cover image shows the transformation from the known compound Na[Li3SiO4] to novel luminescent materials along the solid‐solution series Na1–xEux[Li3–2xSi1‐xAl3xO4–4xN4x] by the successive addition of Eu2+, Al3+, and N3–.
Evaluation of Ionic Liquids Based on Amino Acid Anions for Use in Liquid‐junction Free Reference Electrodes
Authors: Galiullin Timur M. , Pokhvishcheva Nadezhda V. , Kalinichev Andrey V. , Peshkova Maria A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this paper we report on the novel polymeric membranes for the liquid junction‐free reference electrodes. The membranes contain the ionic liquids (ILs) based on the amino acid anions, namely valine‐, leucine‐, lysine‐ and histidine‐anions, and 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium cation. Addition of the ILs, and especially of the valine‐based one, to the polymeric plasticized membranes allows significant stabilization of the electrode potential and makes it insensitive to the solution composition. A simple criterion based on the calculated lipophilicities of the cation and anion of the IL is proposed for a priori estimation of its applicability for potential stabilization. The addition of the IL as a microcomponent is found to be advantageous over plasticizing the membrane with the IL due to better potential stability, higher dissociation degree and mobility of the species. The resistance of the novel reference membranes can be tuned by addition of the lipophilic membrane electrolytes, e. g. ETH500. The applicability of the developed reference electrodes is verified in the potentiometric calibration of the indicator K+‐ and Ca2+‐selective electrodes. Implementation of the amino acid‐based ionic liquids with low environmental toxicity can make a significant contribution to the development of nature‐friendly potentiometry.
Amperometric Biosensor Based on Enzymatic Reactor for Choline Determination in Flow Systems
Authors: Tvorynska Sofiia , Barek Jiří , Josypčuk Bohdan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA simple, selective and stable biosensor with the enzymatic reactor based on choline oxidase (ChOx) was developed and applied for the determination of choline (Ch) in flow injection analysis with amperometric detection. The enzyme ChOx was covalently immobilized with glutaraldehyde to mesoporous silica powder (SBA‐15) previously covered by NH2‐groups. This powder was found as an optimal filling of the reactor. The detection of Ch is based on amperometric monitoring of consumed oxygen during the enzymatic reaction, which is directly proportional to Ch concentration. Two arrangements of an electrolytic cell in FIA, namely wall‐jet cell with working silver solid amalgam electrode covered by mercury film and flow‐through cell with tubular detector of polished silver solid amalgam were compared. The experimental parameters affecting the sensitivity and stability of the biosensor (i. e. pH of the carrier solution, volume of reactor, amount of the immobilized enzyme, the detection potential, flow rate, etc.) were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the limit of detection was found to be 9.0×10−6 mol L−1. The Michaelis‐Menten constant for covalently immobilized ChOx on SBA‐15 was calculated. The proposed amperometric biosensor with the developed ChOx‐based reactor exhibits good repeatability, reproducibility, long‐term stability, and reusability. Its efficiency has been confirmed by the successful application for the determination of Ch in two commercial pharmaceuticals.
Electrochemical Aptasensor with Layer‐by‐layer Deposited Polyaniline for Aflatoxin M1 Voltammetric Determination
Authors: Kulikova T. N. , Porfireva A. V. , Evtugyn G. A. , Hianik T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMycotoxins are highly toxic metabolites of some fungi that frequently contaminate water, food and feed and hence cause several human and animal diseases. In this work, a new approach to the fast and reliable determination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in water and milk has been proposed with reagent free protocol of signal measurement. For this purpose, DNA aptamer selective to AFM1 was entrapped between two thin layers of polyaniline (PANI) electrodeposited on glassy carbon electrode. The incubation of the aptasensor in the AFM1 solution results in remarkable decrease of the PANI intrinsic activity monitored by direct current voltammetry or electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Appropriate calibration curves were linear in the range from 3 to 90 ng/L with limit of detection (LOD) 1–5 ng/L depending on the measurement mode. Mechanism of signal generation involves shielding electrostatic interactions between the PANI and aptamer in the surface layer and variation of its redox activity attributed to the emeraldine form of PANI. Selectivity of the response was proved by similar experiments with aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A and by comparison of the results with those obtained with non‐specific aptamer in the sensing layer. Simple protocol for milk pretreatment has been proposed for reliable detection of AFM1 on the level of its threshold limited values (20 ng/L).
Climate and relief‐induced controls on the temporal variability of denudation rates in a granitic upland
Authors: Raab Gerald , Egli Markus , Norton Kevin , Dahms Dennis , Brandová Dagmar , Christl Marcus , Scarciglia Fabio 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHow soil erosion rates evolved over the last about 100 ka and how they relate to environmental and climate variability is largely unknown. This is due to a lack of suitable archives that help to trace this evolution. We determined in situ cosmogenic beryllium‐10 (10Be) along vertical landforms (tors, boulders and scarps) on the Sila Massif to unravel their local exhumation patterns to develop a surface denudation model over millennia.Due to the physical resistance of tors, their rate of exhumation may be used to derive surface and, thus, soil denudation rates over time. We derived soil denudation rates that varied in the range 0–0.40 mm yr‐1. The investigated boulders, however, appear to have experienced repositioning processes about ~20–25 ka bp and were therefore a less reliable archive. The scarps of the Sila upland showed a rapid bedrock exposure within the last 8–15 ka. Overall, the denudation rates increased steadily after 75 ka bp but remained low until about 17 ka bp. The exhumation rates indicate a denudation pulse that occurred about 17–5 ka bp. Since then the rates have continuously decreased.We identify three key factors for these developments – climate, topography and vegetation. Between 75 and 17 ka bp, climate was colder and drier than today. The rapid changes towards warmer and humid conditions at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition apparently increased denudation rates. A denser vegetation cover with time counteracted denudation.Topography also determined the extent of denudation rates in the upland regime. On slopes, denudation rates were generally higher than on planar surfaces. By determining the exhumation rates of tors and scarps, soil erosion rates could be determined over long timescales and be related to topography and particularly to climate. This is key for understanding geomorphic dynamics under current environmental settings and future climate change. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of acute modafinil ingestion on cognitive and physical performance following mental exertion
Authors: Rattray Ben , Martin Kristy , Hewitt Alex , Cooper Gabrielle , McDonald Warren 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveModafinil is a psychostimulant that has been shown to enhance cognitive and physical performance. Given its long half‐life, it may provide operational advantages if it can improve tolerance to the deleterious effects of prolonged mental exertion.MethodsPhysically active males (n = 13, 23 ± 4 years, peak oxygen consumption 45.3 ± 3.2 ml kg−1 min−1) took part in a placebo controlled, double‐blind randomised crossover study to investigate if modafinil could improve cognitive and physical performance following a prolonged period of mental exertion.ResultsOverall modafinil improved performance on a task of executive function over time (p = .023; η2 = 0.376) but did not improve subsequent physical endurance performance (mean difference 2.3 ± 11.5%, p = .50), despite improvement in 10 out of the 13 participants. Task demand was reported as lower with modafinil, although perceptual measures of fatigue and motivation did not consistently improve. Heart rate during submaximal exercise was higher (134 ± 11 vs. 119 ± 14 bpm, p < .001), and sleep was reduced (5.5 ± 1.4 vs. 7.5 ± 1.4 hr, p < .001) and less efficient (64 ± 13 vs. 83 ± 9%, p < .001) compared with placebo.ConclusionsOperationally, modafinil may offer advantages given the established longer half‐life than other psychostimulants, despite the variable response. The impact of higher heart rates and disrupted sleep on performance must also be considered.
Retracted: The protective effects of TGR5 against ultraviolet B irradiation in epidermal stem cells
Authors: Chang Yuan , Yu Jianbin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRepetitive exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in continuous insults to the skin, including continuous loss of the capacities of epidermal stem cells (ESCs). Takeda G‐protein‐coupled receptor‐5 (TGR5) participates in a variety of physiological activities, but its biological function in skin has not been reported. In this study, we report that TGR5 could be detected in ESCs and its expression was reduced after ultraviolet B (UV‐B) irradiation. Treatment with the specific TGR5 agonist 3‐(2‐chlorophenyl)‐N‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐N,5‐dimethylisoxazole‐4‐carboxamide (GPBARA) prevented UV‐B‐induced oxidative stress by reducing 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal and increasing the level of glutathione. We also found that the presence of GPBARA improved UV‐B irradiation‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction by elevating mitochondrial membrane potential. Interestingly, our results indicate that GPBARA pretreatment suppressed UV‐B irradiation‐induced reduced cell viability, release of lactic dehydrogenase, and secretion of high mobility group box 1. Notably, GPBARA pretreatment inhibited UV‐B irradiation‐induced decrease in integrin β1 and Krt19, dependent on TGR5. Mechanistically, we found that the activation of TGR5 by GPBARA increased Wnt1, Wnt3a, Myc, and cyclin D1 in ESCs. Our data suggest a new function of TGR5 in regulating ESCs.
The effects of melatonin on neurohormonal regulation in cardiac cachexia: A mechanistic review
Authors: Jafari‐Vayghan Hamed , Saleh‐Ghadimi Sevda , Maleki Vahid , Moludi Jalal , Alizadeh Mohammad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHeart failure (HF) is one of the prominent health concerns and its morbidity is comparable to many malignancies. Cardiac cachexia (CC), characterized by significant weight loss and muscle wasting, frequently occurs in progressive stage of HF. The pathophysiology of CC is multifactorial including nutritional and gastrointestinal alterations, immunological and neurohormonal activation, and anabolic/catabolic imbalance. Neurohormones are critically involved in the development of both HF and CC. Melatonin is known as an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant hormone. It seems that melatonin possibly regulates the neurohormonal signaling pathway related to muscle wasting in CC, but limited comprehensive data is available on the mechanistic aspects of its activity. In this, we reviewed the reports regarding the role of neurohormones in CC occurrence and possible activity of melatonin in modulation of HF and subsequently CC via neurohormonal regulation. In addition, we have discussed proposed mechanisms of action for melatonin considering its possible interactions with neurohormones. In conclusion, melatonin likely regulates the signaling pathways related to muscle wasting in CC by reducing tumor necrosis factor α levels and activating the gene expression of insulin‐like growth factor‐1. Also, this hormone inhibits the proteolytic pathway by inhibiting nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), renin‐angiotensin system and forkhead box protein O1 pathways and could increase protein synthesis by activating Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin. To elucidate the positive role of melatonin in CC and exact mechanisms related to muscle wasting more cellular and clinical trial studies are needed.
Upregulation of microRNA‐9‐5p inhibits apoptosis of chondrocytes through downregulating Tnc in mice with osteoarthritis following tibial plateau fracture
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Yang Jun , Tan Zhihong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease which is typically progressed with age, affecting smaller joints of hands, lower limbs, and the vertebral column. It has been reported that microRNAs could regulate the biological processes of OA. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to elucidate miR‐9‐5p's role in regulating cartilage remodeling of OA mice following tibial plateau fracture (TPF) through regulation of tenascin C (Tnc). Initially, we determined the expression of miR‐9‐5p and Tnc in mice with OA and then testified their relationship. The results displayed a high expression of Tnc, but a poor expression of miR‐9‐5p with high methylation in OA. Tnc was confirmed to be a target gene of miR‐9‐5p. Moreover, based on gain‐ and loss‐function experiments, an increase of miR‐9‐5p and loss of Tnc had the potential to inhibit cell apoptosis, while facilitating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and cartilage remodeling of mice with OA following TPF. This was further demonstrated by a higher expression of type II collagen, lower type X collagen, and protogenin expression. Subsequently, downregulation of miR‐9‐5p aggravated the pathological changes of mice, illustrated by an increase in the Mankin score. In conclusion, the present study proved that overexpression of miR‐9‐5p suppressed chondrocytes apoptosis and promoted cartilage remodeling through downregulating of Tnc in mice with OA.
RETRACTED: Long noncoding RNA LINC00958 regulates cell sensitivity to radiotherapy through RRM2 by binding to microRNA‐5095 in cervical cancer
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zheng Guang‐Hong , Li Guang‐Cai , Xin Li , Wang Yong‐Sheng , Chen Ying , Zheng Xue‐Mei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in the regulation of resistance to radiotherapy in cervical cancer, which is a type of gynecological disease with high mortality in women around the world. Hence, our purpose is to delineate the involvement of LINC00958 in regulating cell sensitivity to radiotherapy in cervical cancer. LINC00958 expression in cervical cancer was assayed, followed by verification of the relationship among LINC00958, microRNA‐5095 (miR‐5095) and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2). Hela cells were transduced with up‐/downregulation of miR‐5095 or RRM2, or LINC00958 silencing, respectively, and then treated with or without a 6 Gy dose of X‐ray irradiation. Then the cell proliferation, apoptosis, survival fraction rate, as well as sensitivity to radiotherapy, were assessed. Finally, xenograft tumor in nude mice was established by transplanting Hela cells transfected with sh‐LINC00958 and irradiated with 6 Gy of X‐ray. High expression of LINC00958 was revealed in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, as well as in radiation‐resistant patients, which was associated with lower sensitivity to radiotherapy in cervical cancer. Moreover, cervical cancer patients with higher LINC00958 expression exhibited a shorter overall survival according to Kaplan–Meier analysis. In addition, LINC00958 could regulate the expression of RRM2 by competing for miR‐5095. A combination of radiotherapy with LINC00958 silencing, RRM2 downregulation or miR‐5095 overexpression was found to inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth, while promoting cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that LINC00958 could regulate RRM2 by competing to miR‐5095, which regulates cell sensitivity to radiotherapy in cervical cancer.
Epigenetic changes in gastric cancer induction by Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Yousefi Bahman , Mohammadlou Maryam , Abdollahi Maryam , Salek Farrokhi Amir , Karbalaei Mohsen , Keikha Masoud , Kokhaei Parviz , Valizadeh Saeid , Rezaiemanesh Alireza , Arabkari Vahid , Eslami Majid 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpigenetic disorder mechanisms are one of the causes of cancer. The most important of these changes is the DNA methylation, which leads to the spread of Helicobacter pylori and inflammatory processes followed by induction of DNA methylation disorder. Mutations and epigenetic changes are the two main agents of neoplasia.Epithelial cells infection by H. pylori associated with activating several intracellular pathways including: MAPK, NF‐κB, Wnt/β‐catenin, and PI3K are affects a variety of cells and caused to an increase in the production of inflammatory cytokines, changes in apoptosis, proliferation, differentiation, and ultimately leads to the transformation of epithelial cells into oncogenic. The arose of free radicals impose the DNA cytosine methylation, and NO can increase the activity of DNA methyltransferase.H. pylori infection causes an environment that mediates inflammation and signaling pathways that probably caused to stomach tumorigenicity. The main processes that change by decreasing or increasing the expression of various microRNAs expressions include immune responses, apoptosis, cell cycle, and autophagy. In this review will be describe a probably H. pylori roles in infection and mechanisms that have contribution in epigenetic changes in the promoter of genes.
An Efficient and Easy Method for the One‐pot Synthesis of Spirooxindoles in the Presence of Na2CO3
Authors: Umar Basha Khadhar Navaz , Gnanamani Shanthi 
Published: June 2019

An efficient and easy procedure for the one‐pot synthesis of spirooxindoles in the presence of Na2CO3 in water : methanol (1:1) is described. The salient features of this method are simple methodology, shorter reaction time, easy product isolation, and no chromatographic purification.
Some Musings About Differential Energy Metabolism With Ketogenic Diets
Authors: Bistrian Bruce R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractKetogenic states are of 3 major types: total starvation and those resulting from the consumption of semistarvation, ketogenic diets, and eucaloric ketogenic diets. All are characterized by little or no dietary carbohydrate, resulting in a fat‐based metabolism with sustained ketonemia of varying degrees in each state. The latter 2 diets are clinically useful with important impacts on both aspects of the energy balance equation with increased satiety and less hunger on the intake side and probably increased energy expenditure on the output side; both may have important implications for the successful long‐term management of obesity. Consideration of older research regarding the hormonal response to carbohydrate‐free dieting and recent findings on hepatic glycogen status that occurs with sustained ketonemia support the likelihood that there are profound differences in 24‐hour gluconeogenesis rates between ketogenic diets and balanced diets containing substantial carbohydrate. This metabolic distinction could have a meaningful impact to increase the thermic effect of feeding and daily energy expenditure amounting to 100 kcal/d or more with each of the ketogenic diets.
Thermodynamic study of new antiepileptic compounds by combining chromatography on the phosphatidylcholine biomimetic stationary phase and differential scanning calorimetry
Authors: Flieger Jolanta , Trębacz Hanna , Pizoń Magdalena , Plazińska Anita , Plaziński Wojciech , Kowalska Anna , Szczęsna Agnieszka , Plech Tomasz 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLiquid chromatography coupled to spectrophotometric detection of new antiepileptic compounds, 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione derivatives, on immobilized artificial membrane phosphatidylcholine is reported. The curves representing the relationship between ln k versus 1/T generated under isocratic conditions by the use of methanol and acetonitrile‐containing eluent systems have been constructed in order to determine the thermodynamic parameters: the enthalpies, entropies and the relative free energies. The hydrocarbon chains of analytes significantly influenced the membrane behavior of the whole molecules. Excellent correlations of the theoretical lipophilicity with the experimental thermodynamic descriptors, have confirmed contribution of the hydrophobic interactions in the retention process. However, presence of sulfur or oxygen as heteroatoms at R1 substituents in the 1,2,4‐triazole ring appears to be responsible for more pronounced selectivity of these compounds on the phosphatidylcholine stationary phase. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the selective preferences of the phosphatidylcholine with respect to the compounds with either ether of sulfide moieties. Experimental and theoretical set‐ups resulted in corresponding outcomes.