bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Growing Epidemic of Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Lovic Dragan , Piperidou Alexia , Zografou Ioanna , Grassos Haralambos , Pittaras Andreas , Manolis Athanasios 
Published: April 2019

Background:
During the past decades, the prevalence of diabetes (DM) has increased significantly,
mainly as a result of continuous rise in the incidence of type 2 DM. According to World Health
Organization statistics, >422 million adults globally were suffering from DM in 2014 and a continuous
rise in DM prevalence is expected.

Objective:
The present review considers recent epidemiological data providing worldwide estimates
regarding the incidence of DM.

Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify available data from epidemiological
studies evaluating the current burden of DM.

Results:
Over the past few decades the prevalence of DM has risen significantly in nearly all countries
and may be considered as a growing epidemic. Urbanization and income status are major factors which
influence current rates in the prevalence studies introducing interesting differences between several
population groups.

Conclusion:
Having recognized the global burden of DM, we now realize the urgent need for effective
interventions. In order to monitor the public-health strategies and design effective future interventions
we need reliable global estimates regarding the prevalence of DM.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Novel Indole Derivatives as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents
Authors: Kamel Mona M. , Abdel-hameid Mohamed K. , El-Nassan Hala B. , El-Khouly Eman A. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Marine sponges and tunicates have been a wealthy source of cytotoxic
compounds such as indole alkaloids. Most of the indole alkaloids show in vitro cytotoxic and antineoplastic
activities against a wide range of cancer cell lines.

Objective:
Three series of bioisosteres of marine indole alkaloids (meridianins) were synthesized
and the compounds were tested for their in vitro anti-proliferative activity against HCT-116 cellline.
In the design of the targeted analogues, the 2-aminopyrimidine ring of merdianins was replaced
with 5-aminopyrazole, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine rings.

Results:
The cytotoxic screening of the synthesized compounds revealed that pyrazolo[1,5-
a]pyrimidines (compounds 9c and 11a) had the most potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 = 0.31 μM
and 0.34 μM respectively. Compounds 9c and 11a were further investigated for their kinase inhibitory
potencies toward six kinases (CDK5/p25, CK1ð/ε, GSK-3α/β, Dyrk1A, Erk2, and CLK1).
They exhibited effective inhibition of GSK-3α/β (IC50 = 0.196 μM and 0.246 μM, respectively)
and Erk2 (IC50 = 0.295 μM and 0.376 μM, respectively).

Conclusion:
Meridianins emerged as promising lead structures that need further development to
obtain more selective and potent cytotoxic agents. One of these modifications involved the replacement
of 2-aminopyrimidinyl ring of meridianins with other heterocyclic rings. Both pyrazolo[
1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine rings showed promising cytotoxic activity
compared to the five membered 5-aminopyrazole.
Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbohydrazide Derivatives as Potential Anti-cancer Agents and Pim-1 Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Wardakhan Wagnat W. , Abbas Nermeen S. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives are well known to be biologically active
compounds and many of them occupy a wide range of anticancer agent drugs.

Objective:
One of the main aim of this work was to synthesize target molecules not only possessing anti-tumor
activities but also kinase inhibitors. To achieve this goal, our strategy was to synthesize a series of 4,5,6,7-
tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbohydrazide derivatives using cyclohexan-1,4-dione and cyanoacetylhydrazine
to give the 2-amino-6-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carbohydrazide (3) as the key starting
material for many heterocyclization reactions.

Methods:
Compound 3 was reacted with some aryldiazonium salts and the products were cyclised when reacted
with either malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate. Thiazole derivatives were also obtained through the reaction of
compound 3 with phenylisothiocyanate followed by heterocyclization with α-halocarbonyl derivatives. Pyrazole,
triazole and pyran derivatives were also obtained.

Results:
The compounds obtained in this work were evaluated for their in-vitro cytotoxic activity against c-Met
kinase, and the six typical cancer cell lines (A549, H460, HT-29, MKN-45, U87MG, and SMMC-7721). The
results of anti-proliferative evaluations and c-Met kinase, Pim-1 kinse inhibitions revealed that some compounds
showed high activities.

Conclusion:
The most promising compounds 5b, 5c, 7c, 7d, 11b, 14a, 16b, 18b, 19, 21a, 23c, 23d and 23i
against c-Met kinase were further investigated against the five tyrosin kinases (c-Kit, Flt-3, VEGFR-2, EGFR,
and PDGFR). Compounds 5b, 5c, 7d, 7e, 11b, 11c, 16c, 16d, 18c, 19, 23e, 23k and 23m were selected to examine
their Pim-1 kinase inhibitions activity where compounds 7d, 7e, 11b, 11c, 16d, 18c and 23e showed high
activities. All of the synthesized compounds have no impaired effect toward the VERO normal cell line.
Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Caryocar brasiliense
Authors: Junior Armando Jorge , Leitão Maicon Matos , Bernal Laura Priscila Toledo , dos Santos Elisângela , Kuraoka-Oliveira Ângela Midori , Justi Priscila , Argandoña Eliana Janet Sanjinez , Kassuya Cândida Aparecida Leite 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Caryocar brasiliense, popularly known as pequi, is widely distributed
in the Amazon rainforest and Brazilian savannah. The fruit obtained from pequi is
used in cooking and has folk use as an anti-inflammatory and for the treatment of respiratory
disease. Until now, these two properties had not been scientifically demonstrated for
Pequi oil in a carrageenan model.

Objective:
Our group determined the composition and safe use of Pequi oil from the Savannah
of Campo Grande, and the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of this
pequi oil were investigated in vivo models.

Materials and Methods:
Doses of 300, 700, and 1000 mg/kg of Pequi oil were administered
orally (p.o.) to Swiss male mice, and three parameters of inflammation (mechanical
hyperalgesia, cold, hyperalgesia, and oedema) were analyzed in a carrageenan model to induce
an inflammatory paw state.

Results and Discussion:
The effects of Pequi oil were also carrageenan in pleurisy model,
formalin, and acetic acid induced nociception. Oral administration of 1,000 mg/kg orally
Pequi oil (p.o.) inhibited (*P<0.05), the migration of total leukocytes, but not alter plasma
extravasation, in the pleurisy model when compared to control groups. The paw edema
was inhibited with doses of 700 (P <0.05) and 1,000 mg (P<0.001) of pequi oil after 1, 2,
and 4 hours after carrageenan. Pequi oil (1,000 mg/kg) also blocked the mechanical hyperalgesy
and reduced cold allodynia induced by carrageenan in paw (P <0.05). Pequi oil
treatment (1,000 mg/kg) almost blocked (P < 0.001) all parameters of nociception observed
in formalin and acid acetic test.

Conclusion:
This is the first time that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Pequi
oil have been shown.
Emblica officinalis (Amla) Ameliorates High-Fat Diet Induced Alteration of Cardiovascular Pathophysiology
Authors: Patil Bheemshetty S. , Kanthe Pallavi S. , Reddy Chandramouli R. , Das Kusal K. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Dietary high fat possibly causes oxidative stress. Also, it alters the pathophysiology
of metabolically active myocardial tissues and vascular architecture. Emblica officinalis
contains a potential antioxidant that counteracts oxidative stress and possibly maintains vascular integrity.

Objective:
To assess the effect of ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (EEO) on High Fat Diet
(HFD) induced changes in vascular chemistry and histopathology of the cardiovascular system in
male albino rats.

Materials and Methods:
Ethanolic extract of Emblica Officinalis (EEO) was prepared and phytochemical
analysis was done. Rats were divided into four groups, having six rats in each group as follows:
group 1- Control (20% fat); group 2 (20% fat+ EEO 100 mg/kg/b w); group 3 (30% fat) and
group 4 (30% fat + EEO 100 mg/kg/b w). Dietary and EEO supplementation was continued for 21
days. Gravimetric and oxidative stress markers like MDA, NO, antioxidants like Vitamin C and E,
and molecular marker (NOS3) were evaluated. Histopathological analysis was done on the myocardium
and elastic artery along with measurement of coronary arterial wall thickness and lumen diameter.
One way ANOVA was done for analysis of data.

Results:
High fat diet showed a significant increase in MDA, decrease of NO with unaltered NOS3
protein in rats fed with high fat diet, which indicate possible alteration of vascular pathophysiology.
Supplementation of EEO showed an ameliorating effect on high fat diet induced oxidative stress.
These results were further corroborated with findings of a histopathological study on the myocardium,
elastic artery and coronary arterial architecture.

Conclusion:
Ethanolic extract of Emblica officinalis (EEO) indicates its cardioprotective efficacy
against rats fed with high fat diet.
An Adaptive Fault-Tolerant and Congestion Controlled Selection Strategy for Networks on Chip
Authors: Arora Ashima , Shukla Neeraj K. , Kikan Shaloo 
Published: April 2019

Background & Objective:
Networks on chip are being developed as a communication infrastructure
in the design of multiprocessor SOCs. With the reduction in feature size, transient faults
on the links are becoming a major issue on the performance of NOCs.

Methods:
In this paper, two fault-tolerant algorithms are proposed. In the first algorithm, a faulty link tolerant
algorithm is designed which by measuring network loads on the links will reduce transient faults and
balances the load. To address the effect of hardware faults, fault and congestion controlled algorithm is designed
that not only control the congestion, but also the faults on both links and the nodes.

Results:
The packet size is taken as 8 flits and data width of 32 bits are considered for all switches.
Input buffers are having 8 slots for storing data. The simulations are carried over two synthetic traffic
scenarios that are, hotspot and transpose.

Conclusion:
The proposed strategies are evaluated on two different synthetic traffic patterns and the
results so obtained shows better network and hardware performance of both the routing in comparison
with non-fault-tolerant routing.
Cooja Based Approach for Estimation and Enhancement of Lifetime of 6LoWPAN Environment
Authors: Garg Ruchi , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: April 2019

Background and Objective:
The Scale with which Internet of Things (IoT) is penetrating
our day to day life, time is not far away when it would be the Internet of Everything (IoE) that will
require billions of devices to communicate with each other in the real world. To cater to the same,
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of 6LoWPAN sensor-nodes, which are mainly battery
operated. One of the major issues, in such network, is nodes’ limited lifetime which is battery dependent.

Methods:
In this paper, we have suggested and implemented an approach for ‘Estimation and Enhancement
of Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network’ (E&EL-WSN). The aim of our study is to suggest
an approach that helps in power saving of the batteries of sensor-nodes and will result in enhanced
life-time of 6LoWPAN environment. Our suggested approach is based on the concept of reduced
packet size resulting in saving of power consumption. Packet size is reduced by our Modified
and Improved Header Compression (MIHC) method of IPv6 header compression.

Results:
The simulation, done in Cooja, shows, in our case, an improvement of approximately 19%
saving of power consumption. This results in an enhancement of 70 days in the lifetime of the network,
which is almost 23% better than the existing approach.
Relationship Between Adherence to Remote Monitoring and Patient Characteristics: Observational Study in Women With Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension
Authors: Vandenberk Thijs , Lanssens Dorien , Storms Valerie , Thijs Inge M , Bamelis Lotte , Grieten Lars , Gyselaers Wilfried , Tang Eileen , Luyten Patrick 
Published: April 2019

Background
Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality in mothers, fetuses, and newborns. New technologies, such as remote monitoring (RM), were introduced in 2015 into the care of patients at risk of PIH in Ziekenhuis Oost-Limburg (Genk, Belgium) to improve both maternal and neonatal outcomes. In developing new strategies for obstetric care in pregnant women, including RM, it is important to understand the psychosocial characteristics associated with adherence to RM to optimize care.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the role of patients’ psychosocial characteristics (severity of depression or anxiety, cognitive factors, attachment styles, and personality traits) in their adherence to RM.

Methods
Questionnaires were sent by email to 108 mothers the day after they entered an RM program for pregnant women at risk of PIH. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to assess anxiety and the severity of depression, respectively; an adaptation of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale was used to assess cognitive factors; and attachment and personality were measured with the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised Scale (ECR-R), the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, respectively.

Results
The moderate adherence group showed significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression, negative cognitions, and insecure attachment styles, especially compared with the over adherence group. The low adherence group scored significantly higher than the other groups on other-oriented perfectionism. There were no significant differences between the good and over adherence groups. Single linear regression showed that the answers on the PHQ-9 and ECR-R questionnaires were significantly related to the adherence rate.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the relationships between adherence to RM and patient characteristics in women at risk of PIH. Alertness toward the group of women who show less than optimal adherence is essential. These findings call for further research on the management of PIH and the importance of individual tailoring of RM in this patient group.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03509272; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03509272
Diabetes lectura crítica
Authors: Herrera Ramirez Diego , Gaus David , Obregón Miguel , Guevara Alicia , Troya Carlos 
Published: April 2019

La Diabetes Mellitus es una de las enfermedades no transmisibles que se ha convertido en pandemia, incrementando las tasas de mortalidad por sus complicaciones micro y macro vasculares, transformando la epidemiologia local de varios sectores, especialmente los rurales.
Aunque la fisiopatología de la Diabetes, así como sus complicaciones, tratamiento y metas terapéuticas están bien documentadas, no existen suficientes estudios de las implicaciones socioculturales que atrae esta enfermedad de la “modernidad”, cuando aqueja a las poblaciones rurales.
El objetivo es realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre la diabetes y los aspectos socioculturales para contextualizar este conocimiento hacia los países tropicales.
Metodo
Usamos el método de lectura crítica, para contextualizar la evidencia revisada de un modo analítico. Esto significa que además de comprender los que se dice en un texto determinado, se intenta analizar lo expresado para verificar sus aciertos, sus errores y los modos en que se presenta la información. Se buscar tener una visión propia de los hechos presentados, intentando corroborar lo que se afirma con otras fuentes.
Prevention of patch infection after abdominal external hernia repair
Authors: Xiang Shufang 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
External abdominal hernia is a common clinical disease. The application of hernia patch is a breakthrough in the treatment of external abdominal hernia. However, complications such as patch infection need to be solved urgently. Patch infection markedly prolongs the hospitalization time and increases the medical expenses of patients. At present, a standard method for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of patch infection remains to be developed. This paper summarizes the literature in recent years to explore the research progress in the prevention and treatment of patch infection.
Treatment of tuberculosis infection complicated with liver transplant
Authors: Qiu Ju , Liu Sibo , Wang Qian 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Liver transplant is considered the best choice for treating various end-stage liver diseases either at home or abroad. Among patients of liver transplant complicated with tuberculosis (TB), the incidence and mortality of postoperative active TB are bound to increase remarkably. Diagnosing and treating TB in patients with end-stage liver diseases who received immunosuppressants after liver transplant are difficult because of the absence of specific clinical manifestations while being complicated with TB, reduced sensitivity to cellular immunoassay, and interaction between anti-TB drugs and immunosuppressants. Therefore, the screening of high-risk groups, improvement in diagnostic accuracy, preoperative treatment, and reduced interaction between anti-TB drugs and immunosuppressants can help optimize diagnosis and treatment regimes and thus further improve the prognosis of patients.
Review on the laboratory diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: Zhang Jin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) is an important pathogen of community-acquired pneumonia in children. As a type of self-limited disease, most MP infections cause mild clinical symptoms, but they can also lead to severe pneumonia or extrapulmonary complications. The resistance rate of MP has increased in recent years. Early and rapid diagnosis of MP infection is important for the treatment and prognosis of the disease. Current methods for diagnosing MP infection include isolation culture, serological diagnosis, and molecular biological diagnosis. This review summarizes the recent research progress in the internal and external laboratory diagnoses of MP infection both at home and abroad and the advantages and disadvantages of various diagnostic methods.
Pengaruh Kualitas Penerapan Good Corporate Governance dan Risiko Pembiayaan terhadap Profitabilitas Perbankan Syariah
Authors: Ferdyant Ferly , ZR Ratna Anggraini , Takidah Erika 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the quality of the implementation of good corporate governance toward profitability of Islamic Banks and analyze the influence of non performing finance toward profitability of Islamic Banks. This research used secondary data from financial statements published by Bank Indonesia and Annual Report GCG in 2010-2013. The Techniques used for sampling is purposive sampling and obtained by 10 Islamic Banks with a total sample of 39 Islamic Banks. Profitability ( Dependent Variable ) in this research is proxied by Return on Assets ( ROA) .While the Independent Variable is The Quality Implementation of Good Corporate Governance obtained from Composite GCG Self Assessment Report Annual Islamic Banking, and Financing Risks are proxied by the Non -Performing Finance ( NPF ). The influence of the three variables and relationships are tested using multiple regression analysis. T-test SPSS results showed that the quality of the implementation of Good Corporate Governance has negative influence and significant toward profitability of Islamic banking. Non-Performing Finance has negative influence and significant toward profitability of Islamic banking. While the F-test SPSS results showed Implementation of Good Corporate Governance and Quality of Non-Performing Finance has negative influence and significant toward profitability of Islamic banking. Thus, this hypothesis is proven.The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of the quality of the implementation of good corporate governance toward profitability of Islamic Banks and analyze the influence of non performing finance toward profitability of Islamic Banks. This research used secondary data from financial statements published by Bank Indonesia and Annual Report GCG in 2010-2013. The Techniques used for sampling is purposive sampling and obtained by 10 Islamic Banks with a total sample of 39 Islamic Banks. Profitability ( Dependent Variable ) in this research is proxied by Return on Assets ( ROA) .While the Independent Variable is The Quality Implementation of Good Corporate Governance obtained from Composite GCG Self Assessment Report Annual Islamic Banking, and Financing Risks are proxied by the Non -Performing Finance ( NPF ). The influence of the three variables and relationships are tested using multiple regression analysis. T-test SPSS results showed that the quality of the implementation of Good Corporate Governance has negative influence and significant toward profitability of Islamic banking. Non-Performing Finance has negative influence and significant toward profitability of Islamic banking. While the F-test SPSS results showed Implementation of Good Corporate Governance and Quality of Non-Performing Finance has negative influence and significant toward profitability of Islamic banking. Thus, this hypothesis is proven.
STRUKTUR MODAL, GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN KUALITAS LABA
Authors: Nadirsyah Nadirsyah , Muharram Fadlan Nur 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe objective of the study was to examine the effect of capital structure and good corporate governance (GCG) on the earnings quality. The GCG variable are proxied by audit committees, independent commissioners, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership. The earnings quality measured by using Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) indicator with Earning Response Coeficient (ERC). The data was collected from the financial statements of the manufacture companies that listed at Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period between 2009 and 2013. By using purposive sampling and balanced panel data, there are 22 companies were selected as the sample. Multiple linier regression model is used to test the hypothesis The results of this study are capital structure, independent commissioners, audit committees, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership affected on the earnings quality simultaneously. Capital structure partially affected on the earnings quality. The audit committees, independent commissioners, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership affected on the earnings quality partially have an effect on the earnings quality. Keywords: capital structure, good corporate governance, earnings quality, ERC
Pengaruh Intellectual Capital, Biaya Intermediasi dan Islamicity Performance Index Terhadap Profitabilitas Syariah di Indonesia
Authors: Bustamam Bustamam , Aditia Dhenni 
Published: April 2019

This study aimed to examine effect of intellectual capital, cost of intermediation, and islamicity performance index on profitability of Islamic Banks Indonesia. Data was collected from financial reports of 44 Islamic Banks that are registered in Indonesian Central Bank. The period of study was between 2011 and 2014. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression.This study found that collectively the cost of intermediation, and islamicity performance index have an influence for profitability. Meanwhile, in the partial test (t test), variable intellectual capital, the cost of intermediation, and islamicity performance index have determined profitability of the Islamic banks.