bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disease Control
Authors: Viret Olivier , Gindro Katia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFungal disease control in grapevine is essential for the production of high-quality grapes. Regardless of the strategies and modes of production implemented (organic, biodynamic, integrated) and whatever the climatic conditions, growing sensitive Vitis vinifera cultivars depends on the success of disease control. Since the arrival of downy and powdery mildew in Europe over 150 years ago, no alternative to spraying the vines with fungicide at regular intervals has been found. Active ingredients in the fungicides were based on copper and sulphur until the development of newly synthesised molecules in the late 1950s, followed by the release onto the market of several plant protection products. Their regular use raises environmental and human health issues for scientists and practitioners, still searching for more natural and effective alternatives. Despite major research efforts on this front, even naturally occurring molecules used as plant protection products must be applied precisely on the leaves and grape surfaces, requiring the right product, the right dosage and the right timing of the application depending on the biological development of the pathogens and sensitivity of the vine. Success also ultimately depends on the technical performance of the sprayer and its calibration to guarantee efficacy, as well as the protection of the environment and the user.
The Research Gap: Political Leadership and Agricultural Transformation
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie , Andersson Martin , Tsakok Isabelle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe objective of this book is to understand why cases of successful agricultural transformation are so rare in the developing world, even though its key importance is widely acknowledged. We argue that the role of leadership and its interaction with the socio-political system is pivotal and therefore must be included in the analysis of factors impacting agricultural transformation. This chapter introduces this topic and outlines the key previous research on the role of agriculture in economic development and the role of leadership in societal change.
Methodology: A Popperian Analytical Approach
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie , Andersson Martin , Tsakok Isabelle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe book’s hypothesis is that political leadership is necessary, though not sufficient, for successful agricultural transformation. This chapter outlines our method for testing this hypothesis. We seek to test our hypothesis by using Karl Popper’s (Conjectures and Refutations: The Growth of Scientific Knowledge. London: Routledge, 1965) methodology of science. Contrary to the usual approach which seeks confirmation, we test the robustness of our hypothesis by seeking to refute it. To do so in an empirically verifiable way, this chapter defines our concept of effective political leadership and our characterization of what constitutes successful agricultural transformation. In this chapter, we build an analytical framework that defines four aspects of effective leadership: vision, commitment, timeframe, and inclusiveness, and we state our definition of a successful agricultural transformation.
Visions of Agricultural Transformation
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie , Andersson Martin , Tsakok Isabelle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the visions of agricultural reform in our four case studies. We present a brief background to the country’s contexts and their agricultural sectors, as well as an exploration of the visions of the national leadership and their specific envisioned reforms for the agricultural sector. The chapter shows that leaders in all four countries, at least for some periods, have had visions to transform the agricultural sectors. However, the nature, content, and stability of these visions have varied across the case studies.
Turning Vision into Action: Commitment, Timeframe, and Inclusiveness
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie , Andersson Martin , Tsakok Isabelle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFollowing the book’s analytical framework, this chapter takes stock of how the leadership’s visions for agricultural transformations have been turned into action, in our four country cases. Specifically, the chapter explores three aspects of agricultural policymaking: commitment, timeframe, and inclusiveness. It explores the extent of Agricultural Public Spending and the Nominal Rate of Protection, the tenure lengths of the national leadership and national development plans, as well as the extent of inclusion, poverty, and inequality in the case countries.
Political Leadership and Agricultural Transformation in Taiwan, China; the Philippines; Ethiopia; and Malawi
Authors: Rohne Till Emelie , Andersson Martin , Tsakok Isabelle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses the main findings of the exploration of political leadership and agricultural transformation in the four country case studies. It finds that the one case of successful agricultural transformation—Taiwan, China—has seen a vision embracing the centrality of agriculture anchored in the national development plans (long timeframe), the steering of APS toward areas most conducive for agricultural transformation (commitment), and efforts to share the fruits of the agricultural transformation broadly among the population (inclusiveness). In contrast, the leadership in the Philippines and Malawi did not demonstrate such a stability of vision, nor committed resources in a long-term and inclusive fashion toward the sector—leading to a lack of agricultural transformation. The Ethiopian case represents a more mixed result.
The Origin of the Issue and Theoretical Framework of Urban Spatial Development
Authors: Wang Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the advancement of economic globalization and regional integration in the twenty-first century, sustainable development has become the consensus of the international community, a new understanding generally accepted, that is, the rivalry between countries is first and foremost manifested in the competition of overall national strength with central cities at the core. And in many countries, the development of urban space has become the area where various theories and practices of urban and regional planning are experimented. Spatial planning, especially at the national level, has gradually become an important means and measure for governments to promote economic development and social progress, coordinate uneven regional development, and achieve sustainable development; it is therefore a key component of public policies.
Conclusions and Prospects
Authors: Wang Kai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's macro-level spatial planning has experienced periods of growth, decline, and resurgence. The rise and subsequent abandonment of national land planning in the mid-1980s, the silence throughout the 1990s, the subsequent focus on national-level spatial planning by various ministries in the early twenty-first century, and the formulation of the National Land Spatial Planning Outline under the State Council's institutional reform in 2018 reflect the evolving understanding of the central government's macroeconomic regulation in response to the establishment of a socialist market economy and the continuous advancement of urbanization in China.
All-loop Heavy-Heavy-Light-Light correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 super Yang-Mills theory
Authors: Brown Augustus , Galvagno Francesco , Wen Congkao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study Heavy-Heavy-Light-Light (HHLL) correlators $$ \left\langle \mathcal{HH}{\mathcal{O}}_2{\mathcal{O}}_2\right\rangle $$

HH

O
2

O
2

in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory with SU(N) gauge group at generic N. The light operator $$ {\mathcal{O}}_2 $$

O
2

is the dimension two superconformal primary in the stress tensor multiplet and $$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
is a general half-BPS superconformal primary operator with dimension (or R-charge) $$ {\Delta }_{\mathcal{H}} $$

∆
H

. We consider the large-charge ’t Hooft limit, where $$ {\Delta }_{\mathcal{H}}\to \infty $$

∆
H

→
∞
with fixed ’t Hooft-like coupling $$ \lambda := {\Delta }_{\mathcal{H}}{g}_{\textrm{YM}}^2 $$
λ
≔

∆
H

g
YM
2

. We show that the L-loop contribution to the HHLL correlators in the leading large-charge limit is universal for any choice of the heavy operator $$ \mathcal{H} $$
H
, given as $$ {\lambda}^L{\sum}_{\ell =0}^L{\Phi}^{\left(\ell \right)}{\Phi}^{\left(L-\ell \right)} $$

λ
L

∑

ℓ
=
0

L

Φ

ℓ

Φ

L
−
ℓ

with an SU(N) colour factor coefficient, where Φ(ℓ) is the ladder Feynman integral, which is known to all loops. The dependence on the explicit form of the heavy operator lies only in the colour factor coefficients. We determine such colour factors for several classes of heavy operators, and show that the large charge limit leads to minimal powers of N. For the special class of “canonical heavy operators”, one can even resum the all-loop ladder integrals and determine the correlators at finite λ. Furthermore, upon integrating over the spacetime dependence the resulting integrated HHLL correlators agree with the existing results derived from supersymmetric localisation. Finally, as an application of the all-loop analytic results, we derive exact expressions for the structure constants of two heavy operators and the Konishi operator, finding intriguing connections with the integrated HHLL correlators.
Black hole singularity and timelike entanglement
Authors: Anegawa Takanori , Tamaoka Kotaro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study timelike and conventional entanglement entropy as potential probes of black hole singularities via the AdS/CFT correspondence. Using an analytically tractable example, we find characteristic behavior of holographic timelike entanglement entropy when the geometry involves a curvature singularity. We also observe interesting phenomena that, in some particular setups, holographic timelike and conventional entanglement entropy are determined from multiple complex saddle points, which fall outside the assumptions of the Lewkowycz-Maldacena type argument.
Orientifold Calabi-Yau threefolds: divisor exchanges and multi-reflections
Authors: Cao Xu , Gao Hongfei , Gao Xin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Using the Kreuzer-Skarke database of 4-dimensional reflexive polytopes, we systematically constructed a new database of orientifold Calabi-Yau threefolds with h1,1(X) ≤ 12. Our approach involved non-trivial ℤ2 involutions, incorporating both divisor exchanges and multi-divisor reflections acting on the Calabi-Yau threefolds. Each proper involution results in an orientifold Calabi-Yau threefolds and we constructed 320, 386, 067 such examples. We developed a novel algorithm that significantly reduces the complexity of determining all the fixed loci under the involutions, and clarifies the types of O-planes. Our results show that under proper involutions, the majority of cases end up with O3/O7-plane systems, and most of these further admit a naive Type IIB string vacua. Additionally, a new type of free action was determined. We also computed the smoothness and the splitting of Hodge numbers in the ℤ2-orbifold limit for these orientifold Calabi-Yau threefolds.
Glauber-Sudarshan states, wave functional of the Universe and the Wheeler-De Witt equation
Authors: Brahma Suddhasattwa , Dasgupta Keshav , Guo Fangyi , Kulinich Bohdan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the pertinent question in the analysis of de Sitter as an excited state is what happens to the Glauber-Sudarshan states that are off-shell, i.e. the states that do not satisfy the Schwinger-Dyson equations. We argue that these Glauber-Sudarshan states, including the on-shell ones, are controlled by a bigger envelope wave functional namely a wave functional of the universe which surprisingly satisfies a Wheeler-De Witt equation. We provide various justification of the aforementioned identification including the determination of the emergent Hamiltonian constraint appearing in the Wheeler-De Witt equation that is satisfied by both the on- and off-shell states. Our analysis provides further evidence of why a transient four-dimensional de Sitter phase in string theory should be viewed as an excited state over a supersymmetric warped Minkowski background and not as a vacuum state.
Emergent potentials and non-perturbative open topological strings
Authors: Hattab Jarod , Palti Eran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We show that integrating out M2 branes ending on M5 branes inside Calabi-Yau manifolds captures non-perturbative open topological string physics. The integrating out is performed using a contour integral in complexified Schwinger proper time. For the resolved conifold, this contour can be extended to include the zero pole, which we argue captures the ultraviolet completion of the integrating out and yields the tree-level polynomial terms in the free energy. This is a manifestation of the Emergence Proposal, and provides further evidence for it. Unlike the case of closed strings, where the emergent terms are kinetic terms in the action, for these open strings it is tree-level potential terms which are emergent. This provides a first quantitative example of the proposal that classical tree-level potentials in string theory emerge from integrating out co-dimension one states.
The geometry of large charge multi-traces in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM
Authors: Giusto Stefano , Rosso Alessandro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We construct a one-parameter family of half-BPS solutions of type IIB supergravity using a consistent truncation to gauged five-dimensional supergravity. For small values of the parameter, the solution reduces to the linear perturbation of AdS5 × S5 dual to the chiral primary operator in the stress-tensor multiplet, and we give evidence that the geometry is regular and asymptotes AdS in a normalisable way for arbitrarily large values of the parameter. We conjecture that the solution is the gravity dual of a “heavy” multi-trace operator in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SU(N) Super Yang-Mills made by p copies of the stress-tensor chiral primary operator, with p of order N2 in the large N limit. We perform some holographic checks supporting this duality map.
Selective regulation of aspartyl intramembrane protease activity by calnexin
Authors: Contreras Whendy , Groenendyk Jody , Gentzel Marc , Schönberg Pascal Y. , Buchholz Frank , Michalak Marek , Schröder Bernd , Mentrup Torben 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSignal peptide peptidase-like 2c (SPPL2c) is a testis-specific aspartyl intramembrane protease that contributes to male gamete function both by catalytic and non-proteolytic mechanisms. Here, we provide an unbiased characterisation of the in vivo interactome of SPPL2c identifying the ER chaperone calnexin as novel binding partner of this enzyme. Recruitment of calnexin specifically required the N-glycosylation within the N-terminal protease-associated domain of SPPL2c. Importantly, mutation of the single glycosylation site of SPPL2c or loss of calnexin expression completely prevented SPPL2c-mediated intramembrane proteolysis of all tested substrates. By contrast and despite rather promiscuous binding of calnexin to other SPP/SPPL proteases, expression of the chaperone was exclusively required for SPPL2c-mediated proteolysis. Despite some impact on the stability of SPPL2c most presumably due to assistance in folding of the luminal domain of the protease, calnexin appeared to be recruited rather constitutively to the protease thereby boosting its catalytic activity. In summary, we describe a novel, highly specific mode of intramembrane protease regulation, highlighting the need to systematically approach control mechanisms governing the proteolytic activity of other members of the aspartyl intramembrane protease family.
Low-frequency propagating and evanescent waves in strongly inhomogeneous sandwich plates
Authors: Prikazchikova Ludmila , Rege Ameya , Kaplunov Julius , Prikazchikov Danila 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper aims at studying dispersion of elastic waves in a sandwich plate with the parameters, characteristic of aerogel core and hard skin layers, typical for aerospace applications including optimal design of fuselage structural components. The proposed approach relies on multiparametric analysis, taking into account the effect of strong transverse inhomogeneity. It is demonstrated that both an additional low-frequency propagating wave and a slowly decaying evanescent one appear due to a high contrast in geometric and mechanical parameters of the layers. The key findings include the derivation of two-mode asymptotic expansions of the full dispersion relation at the low-frequency limit, as well as elucidation of the non-trivial link between long-wave evanescent and propagating modes. A sophisticated composite nature of the obtained expansions involving various shortened forms is investigated. The range of validity for each of these forms over frequency and wave-number domains is evaluated. Comparison of asymptotic results with the numerical solution of the full dispersion relation is presented.
Political trust and economic development in European regions
Authors: Muringani Jonathan , Fitjar Rune Dahl , Rodríguez-Pose Andrés 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the complex relationship between political and social trust, government quality, and economic development across 208 regions in the European Union (EU). We use a pooled data generalized structural equation model (GSEM) to show that political trust serves as a fundamental driver of regional economic development in the EU. Political trust is, in turn, influenced by both social trust and government quality. Social trust and government quality have quadratic effects on political trust, showing diminishing returns, while the effect of political trust on economic development is linear. Political trust mediates the relationship between social trust and economic development entirely, while government quality retains a direct relationship with economic development. These findings underscore the fundamental role that political trust plays as a mechanism through which both formal and informal institutions shape regional development.
Conditional sufficient variable selection with prior information
Authors: Wang Pei , Lu Jing , Weng Jiaying , Mitra Shouryya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDimension reduction and variable selection play crucial roles in high-dimensional data analysis. Numerous existing methods have been demonstrated to attain either or both of these goals. The Minimum Average Variance Estimation (MAVE) method and its variants are effective approaches to estimate directions on the Central Mean Subspace (CMS). The Sparse Minimum Average Variance Estimation (SMAVE) combines the concepts of sufficient dimension reduction and variable selection and has been demonstrated to exhaustively estimate CMS while simultaneously selecting informative variables using LASSO without assuming any specific model or distribution on the predictor variables. In many applications, however, researchers typically possess prior knowledge for a set of predictors that is associated with response. In the presence of a known set of variables, the conditional contribution of additional predictors provides a natural evaluation of the relative importance. Based on this concept, we propose the Conditional Sparse Minimum Average Variance Estimation (CSMAVE) method. By utilizing prior information and creating a meaningful conditioning set for SMAVE, we intend to select variables that will result in a more parsimonious model and a more accurate interpretation than SMAVE. We evaluate our strategy by analyzing simulation examples and comparing them to the SMAVE method. And a real-world dataset validates the applicability and efficiency of our method.
Early developments toward HbA1c determination in whole blood by high-speed sample preparation and LC–MS/MS analysis
Authors: Mitra Indranil , Leinenbach Andreas , Geistanger Andrea , Huber Andreas , Dülffer Thomas , Adam Susanne , Hillringhaus Lars , Silvestre Martin , Busskamp Holger , Vopel Sven 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report a method to determine HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) where whole blood samples are prepared by fast hemolysis (dilution with deionized water and vortex mixing), digestion with 0.6 mg/mL endoproteinase Glu C (Glu C) in 30 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 4.3) at 37 °C for 45 min, and termination of the digestion by diluting with 0.1% formic acid in water, and then analysis by a gradient liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method with a run time of 36 s. The method is linear between 0 and 200 HbA1c/mol Hb (IFCC) with a correlation coefficient of 0.999, providing an inter-day reproducibility between 1.3 and 2.3% CV, and comparable with results from analysis of the same samples on the Roche Cobas® c 513 clinical analyzer with a correlation coefficient of 0.998. In two alternative detection workflows that were not characterized in detail, the same digested samples were purified by a magnetic bead-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) method requiring about 10 min and then analyzed using either an isocratic LC–MS/MS method or a flow injection analysis (FIA)-MS/MS method with run times of 12 s and 18 s, respectively. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of LC–MS-based methods for HbA1c determination that minimize the time required for sample preparation and measurement while preserving analytical performance and are thereby more suitable for routine clinical settings compared to traditional methods which require up to 25 h and 23 min, respectively, to prepare and measure samples.
Graphical abstract
High-pressure synthesis of rhenium carbide Re3C under megabar compression
Authors: Yin Yuqing , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Aslandukov Andrey , Aslandukova Alena , Fedotenko Timofey , Glazyrin Konstantin , Garbarino Gaston , Abrikosov Igor A. , Dubrovinskaia Natalia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rhenium carbide Re3C was predicted to be stable under high pressure and expected to have high hardness and low compressibility. In this study, we realise the synthesis of Re3C at megabar pressures of 105(3) and 140(5) GPa in laser-heated diamond anvil cells and characterise its structure using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure of Re3C has the monoclinic space group C2/m and is built of CRe7 capped octahedra. Our combined ab initio calculations and quantitative topological analysis support experimental structural data and further deepen the understanding of the chemical bonding in the newly synthesized compound.
Spectrally narrowband simultaneous dual-wavelength emission from Y-branch DBR diode lasers at 785 nm
Authors: Theurer Lara Sophie , Koester Jan-Philipp , Müller André , Maiwald Martin , Knigge Andrea , Sumpf Bernd , Tränkle Günther 
Published: October 2024

AbstractY-branch distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) diode lasers with a stable narrowband emission in simultaneous dual-wavelength operation with spectral distances below 3.2 nm are presented. The Y-branch laser consists of two laser branches with different DBR gratings serving as wavelength-selective rear-side mirrors. Therefore, two emission wavelengths with a spectral distance defined by the DBR grating periods can be generated simultaneously. A Y-coupler combines the two ridge waveguide (RW) branches into a single straight output RW. Devices with a spectral distance of 0.6 nm and 2.0 nm emitting around 785 nm are manufactured. Selecting the operation parameters carefully, stable narrowband emission for both wavelengths is obtained. Resistors serving as heaters implemented next to the DBR gratings allow for wavelength adjustment and a tuning of the spectral distance. At an optical output power of 100 mW, the spectral distance can be shifted from 0 to 1.55 nm (0–0.76 THz) for the former device or from 1.00 to 3.15 nm (0.49–1.54 THz) for the latter device, respectively. This makes the Y-branch DBR diode laser particularly interesting for the generation of THz beat-note signals, needed to generate THz radiation via photo-mixing.