bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopic Characteristics of the Yaoling Tungsten Deposit in South China: Metallogenetic Constraints
Authors: Yang Feng , Zhai Wei , Sun Xiaoming , Klemd Reiner , Sun Yanyan , Wu Yunshan , Hua Renmin , Zheng Siqi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe Yaoling tungsten deposit is a typical wolframite quartz vein‐type tungsten deposit in the South China metallogenic province. The wolframite‐bearing quartz veins mainly occur in Cambrian to Ordovician host rocks or in Mesozoic granitic rocks and are controlled by the west‐north‐west trending extensional faults. The ore mineralization mainly comprises wolframite and variable amounts of molybdenite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, fluorite, and tourmaline. Hydrothermal alteration is well developed at the Yaoling tungsten deposit, including greisenization, silicification, fluoritization, and tourmalinization. Three types of primary/pseudosecondary fluid inclusions have been identified in vein quartz, which is intimately intergrown with wolframite. These include two‐phase liquid‐rich aqueous inclusions (type I), two‐ or three‐phase CO2‐rich inclusions (type II), and type III daughter mineral‐bearing multiphase high‐salinity aqueous inclusions. Microthermometric measurements reveal consistent moderate homogenization temperatures (peak values from 200 to 280°C), and low to high salinities (1.3–39 wt % NaCl equiv.) for the type I, type II, and type III inclusions, where the CO2‐rich type II inclusions display trace amounts of CH4 and N2. The ore‐forming fluids are far more saline than those of other tungsten deposits reported in South China. The estimated maximum trapping pressure of the ore‐forming fluids is about 1230–1760 bar, corresponding to a lithostatic depth of 4.0–5.8 km. The δDH2O isotopic compositions of the inclusion fluid ranges from −66.7 to −47.8‰, with δ18OH2O values between 1.63 and 4.17‰, δ13C values of −6.5–0.8‰, and δ34S values between −1.98 and 1.92‰, with an average of −0.07‰. The stable isotope data imply that the ore‐forming fluids of the Yaoling tungsten deposit were mainly derived from crustal magmatic fluids with some involvement of meteoric water. Fluid immiscibility and fluid–rock interaction are thought to have been the main mechanisms for tungsten precipitation at Yaoling.
Tracking the isostatic and eustatic signals in an end Ordovician–early Silurian deglacial sedimentary record (Algeria – Libya border)
Authors: Girard Flavia , Deschamps Rémy , Ghienne Jean‐François , Roussé Stéphane , Rubino Jean‐Loup 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo elucidate the signature of isostatic and eustatic signals during a deglaciation period in pre‐Pleistocene times is made difficult because very little dating can be done, and also because glacial erosion surfaces, subaerial unconformities and subsequent regressive or transgressive marine ravinement surfaces tend to amalgamate or erode the deglacial deposits. How and in what way can the rebound be interpreted from the stratigraphic record? This study proposes to examine deglacial deposits from Late‐Ordovician to Silurian outcrops at the Algeria–Libya border, in order to define the glacio–isostatic rebound and relative sea‐level changes during a deglaciation period. The studied succession developed at the edge and over a positive palaeo‐relief inherited from a prograding proglacial delta that forms a depocentre of glaciogenic deposits. The succession is divided into five subzones, which depend on the topography of this depocentre. Six facies associations were determined: restricted marine (Facies Association 1); tidal channels (Facies Association 2); tidal sand dunes (Facies Association 3); foreshore to upper shoreface (Facies Association 4); lower shoreface (Facies Association 5); and offshore shales (Facies Association 6). Stratigraphic correlations over the subzones support the understanding of the depositional chronology and associated sea‐level changes. Deepest marine domains record a forced regression of 40 m of sea‐level fall resulting from an uplift caused by a glacio‐isostatic rebound that outpaces the early transgression. The rebound is interpreted to result in a multi‐type surface, which is interpreted as a regressive surface of marine erosion in initially marine domains and as a subaerial unconformity surface in an initially subaerial domain. The transgressive deposits have developed above this surface, during the progressive flooding of the palaeo‐relief. Sedimentology and high‐resolution sequence stratigraphy allowed the delineation of a deglacial sequence and associated sea‐level changes curve for the studied succession. Estimates suggest a relatively short (<10 kyr) duration for the glacio‐isostatic uplift and a subsequent longer duration transgression (4 to 5 Myr).
Constructing animal species as social problems
Authors: Best Joel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnimal species are constructed as social problems in four ways: as pests that threaten people or their social arrangements; as endangered species whose survival is threatened; as invasive species that pose a threat to some new environment; and as deviants that misbehave. The rise of the animal rights movement has made the process of constructing species as social problems more contentious. Debates over these issues involve some combination of three sorts of actors: stakeholders claiming that a species poses a threat; counterclaimsmakers arguing that the species deserves protection; and animal management officials who must mediate these disputes. Identifying such patterns across case studies offers a basis for developing a more elaborate theory of social problems construction.
On the thoracic anatomy of the MadagascanHeterogyrus millotiand the phylogeny of Gyrinidae (Coleoptera)
Authors: Beutel Rolf G. , Yan Evgeny , Yavorskaya Margarita , Büsse Sebastian , Gorb Stanislav N. , Wipfler Benjamin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGyrinidae is a group of beetles with a unique specialization of swimming on the water surface.Heterogyrus millotiLegros (Heterogyrinae) from Madagascar is a species with various preserved plesiomorphic features. The information on the morphology and biology was very limited until recently, and the thoracic anatomy remained largely unknown. Consequently, the aim of the present study is to describe external and internal thoracic features ofHeterogyrusLegros in detail and to interprete them with respect to their phylogenetic and functional significance, with a special focus on the unusual flight apparatus of Gyrinidae. Characters documented with innovative techniques are compared to conditions found in other gyrinid genera and other groups of Adephaga, including characters of other body parts and larvae. A data matrix with 144 characters of adults, larvae and eggs was compiled and analysed cladistically. Gyrinidae excludingSpanglerogyrusFolkers (Heterogyrinae + Gyrininae) is supported by many apomorphies, mainly by a unique locomotor apparatus with paddle‐like middle and hind legs. The results confirmHeterogyrusas the earliest diverging branch in Gyrinidae exceptSpanglerogyrus, implying a sister‐group relationship between this genus and Gyrininae, a clade comprising Gyrinini, Dineutini and Orectochilini. The presence of an opening between the mesanepisternum and elytra, reduction of the lateral metafurcal arms, loss of the metathoracic M. furcacoxalis lateralis, and modifications of the head, including the dorsal shift of the upper subcomponent of the compound eyes, are synapomorphies of the three tribes. The monophyly of Gyrinini is moderately well‐supported, whereas Orectochilini is strongly supported by different characters including a highly simplified but functioning flight apparatus. A clade comprising Orectochilini and the dineutine genera is suggested by synapomorphies of adults and larvae. The monophyly of Dineutini was supported in a recent study, but not by the characters analysed here. Features of adults, larvae and eggs indicate that Gyrinidae are the sister group to the remaining adephagan families, as suggested in some earlier morphology‐based studies and recent analyses of large molecular datasets.
Vitamin D deficiency and infection risk in kidney transplant recipients: A single‐center cohort study
Authors: Fernández‐Ruiz Mario , Corbella Laura , Morales‐Cartagena Alejandra , González Esther , Polanco Natalia , Ruiz‐Merlo Tamara , Parra Patricia , Silva Jose T. , López‐Medrano Francisco , San Juan Rafael , Aramendi Mercedes , Andrés Amado , Aguado José María 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have reported an increased susceptibility to infection among vitamin D‐deficient kidney transplant (KT) recipients, although methodological concerns remain.MethodsSerum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels were measured in 246 KT recipients at post‐transplant months 1, 3, 6 and 12. Vitamin D status was analysed in terms of deficiency (Endocrine Society [<20 ng/mL] and Institute of Medicine [IoM, <12 ng/mL] criteria) and as a continuous variable. Cox models for overall, bacterial and opportunistic infection were adjusted for nutritional status and immunosuppression‐related covariates.ResultsMedian serum 25(OH)D increased from month 1 (10.5 ng/mL) to month 6 (16.3 ng/mL; P‐value = 0.001). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency at month 1 ranged from 87.0% to 61.0% (depending on the diagnostic criteria) and significantly decreased over the next months. After adjustment for age and nutritional status, vitamin D deficiency (serum 25(OH)D < 12 ng/mL) at month 1 was an independent risk factor for overall (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.70; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08‐2.69; P‐value = 0.023) and opportunistic infection (HR: 4.05; 95% CI: 1.57‐10.46; P‐value = 0.004), but not for bacterial infection. A protective effect for overall (adjusted HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.63‐0.93; P‐value = 0.007) and opportunistic infection (adjusted HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.45‐0.86; P‐value = 0.004) was observed when 25(OH)D levels were analyzed per one‐quartile increases.ConclusionsVitamin D status influences the risk of infection among KT recipients, with the association being particularly evident for opportunistic events and mainly restricted to the early post‐transplant period.
Sorption of malachite green (a cationic dye) and heavy metals by dead biomass of Phormidesmis molle (cyanobacteria)‐dominated mat
Authors: Rai Jyoti , Kumar Dhananjay , Gaur J.P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe test mat biomass rapidly sorbed malachite green (MG; a cationic dye) and heavy metals from mono‐component, binary and ternary systems. In mono‐component system, the sorption of Cu, Cd and MG increased when pH was increased from 3 to 4. However, in binary and ternary systems sorption of metals and MG were not substantially influenced by pH within the range 3–5. The presence of Cu or MG in binary or ternary systems reduced the sorption of each other from the solution. However, Cd enhanced the sorption of MG from binary solution and vice versa. Moreover, the ability of mat biomass to rapidly sorb metal ions and malachite green from mono‐component, binary and ternary systems, together with easy harvesting of biomass due to self‐immobilized nature, make it a suitable sorbent for the treatment of wastewaters that concomitantly bear the both heavy metals and dyes as pollutants.
Performance of Priestley–Taylor model for estimating evaporation with and without snow coverage over a temperate meadow in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Chen NiNa , Zhang YuShu , Jin ChangJie , Wang AnZhi , Guan DeXin , Mi Na , Zhou Bin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTo promote the awareness of Priestley–Taylor (PT) model and extend the knowledge of hydrological model under snow, performance of PT model was illustrated by comparing with eddy covariance (EC) measurements over a temperate meadow. The results showed that the mean half‐hourly averages and directly calculated daily value of PT parameter α is 0.47 ± 0.27 and 0.51 ± 0.32, respectively. Vapour pressure deficit VPD is the mainly factor influences α in the snow‐covered period, while soil moisture in the snow‐free period. PT method underestimated evaporation in the whole study period and showed remarkable difference in different phases. It performed best in the snow‐melting phase, better in the presnow phase, worse in the fresh snow phase and worst in the snow‐melted phase. These studies indicated that PT model could be used to estimate evaporation over temperate meadow in dormant season, but utility of a variable PT parameter α during different phases should be considered.
A rotating light cycle promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage in mice
Authors: Christie Stewart , Vincent Andrew D. , Li Hui , Frisby Claudine L. , Kentish Stephen J. , O’Rielly Rebecca , Wittert Gary A. , Page Amanda J. 
Published: September 2018

Processes involved in regulation of energy balance and intermediary metabolism are aligned to the light-dark cycle. Shift-work and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity disrupt circadian rhythmicity and are associated with increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study aimed to determine the effect of simulating shift work on hepatic lipid accumulation in lean and HFD mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) or HFD for 4 wk were further allocated to a normal light (NL) cycle (lights on: 0600–1800) or rotating light (RL) cycle [3 days NL and 4 days reversed (lights on: 1800–0600) repeated] for 8 wk. Tissue was collected every 3 h beginning at 0600. HFD mice gained more weight than SLD mice, and RL mice gained more weight than NL mice. SLD-NL and HFD-NL mice, but not RL mice, were more active, had higher respiratory quotients, and consumed/expended more energy during the dark phase compared with the light phase. Blood glucose and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were elevated in HFD and SLD-RL compared with SLD-NL mice. Hepatic glycogen was elevated in HFD compared with SLD mice. Hepatic triglycerides were elevated in SLD-RL and HFD mice compared with SLD-NL. Circadian rhythmicity of hepatic acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACACA) mRNA was phase shifted in SLD-RL and HFD-NL and lost in HFD-RL mice. Hepatic ACACA protein was reduced in SLD-RL and HFD mice compared with SLD-NL mice. Hepatic adipose triglyceride lipase was elevated in HFD-NL compared with SLD-NL but lower in RL mice compared with NL mice irrespective of diet. In conclusion, an RL cycle model of shift work promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid storage even in lean conditions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this publication we describe the effects of a rotating light cycle model of shift work in lean and high-fat diet-induced obese mice on body mass, diurnal patterns of energy intake and expenditure, and hepatic lipid storage. The data indicate that modeling shift work, via a rotating light cycle, promotes weight gain and hepatic lipid accumulation even in mice on a standard laboratory diet.
Effects of testosterone and progressive resistance exercise on vascular function in older men
Authors: Hildreth Kerry L. , Schwartz Robert S. , Vande Griend Joseph , Kohrt Wendy M. , Blatchford Patrick J. , Moreau Kerrie L. 
Published: September 2018

The cardiovascular effects of testosterone (T) are controversial. Low T has been associated with accelerated vascular aging, characterized by large elastic artery stiffening (decreased compliance), intimal-medial thickening (IMT), and endothelial dysfunction. Endurance exercise improves vascular function, but resistance training may increase arterial stiffness. We sought to determine whether T supplementation improved markers of vascular aging in men with low–normal T and whether T supplementation prevented arterial stiffness with resistance exercise. We studied 160 community-dwelling older men (66 ± 5 yr) with low–normal baseline total T levels (200–350 ng/dl). Participants were randomized to transdermal T gel targeting either a lower (400–550 ng/dl) or higher (600–1,000 ng/dl) T range or to placebo gel and to either progressive resistance training (PRT) or to no exercise for 12 mo. Carotid artery stiffness (arterial compliance) and carotid IMT were measured at baseline, 6 mo, and 12 mo. Endothelial function (brachial artery flow-mediated dilation) was measured in a subset ( n = 86). Changes in carotid artery compliance, IMT, and endothelial function with either the lower or higher range of T supplementation were not different from placebo at 6 or 12 mo. There were no differences between PRT and no PRT groups, alone or with T supplementation, in changes in any of the vascular measures at either time point. Supplementation of T and PRT in older men with low–normal levels do not appear to improve or harm vascular function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased promotion and prescription of testosterone (T) to aging men has raised concerns about potential adverse cardiovascular effects. We show that in older men with T levels in the low–normal range, 12 mo of T supplementation with or without resistance exercise did not improve or harm vascular function.
A Phase II and Biomarker Study of Sorafenib Combined with Modified FOLFOX in Patients with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Goyal Lipika , Zheng Hui , Abrams Thomas A. , Miksad Rebecca , Bullock Andrea J. , Allen Jill N. , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Clark Jeffrey W. , Kambadakone Avinash , Muzikansky Alona , Knowles Michelle , Galway Aralee , Afflitto Anthony J. , Dinicola Caroline F. , Regan Eileen , Hato Tai , Mamessier Emilie , Shigeta Kohei , Jain Rakesh K. , Duda Dan G. , Zhu Andrew X. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Sorafenib is a standard first-line treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The phase III SHARP trial showed a median time-to-progression (mTTP) of 5.5 months, overall response rate (ORR) of 2%, and median overall survival (mOS) of 10.7 months with sorafenib. FOLFOX4 has shown modest activity in advanced HCC. We evaluated the combination of sorafenib and modified (m)FOLFOX in a single-arm, multicenter phase II study.

Patients and Methods:
The study included Child–Pugh A patients with advanced HCC and no prior systemic therapies. Patients received sorafenib 400 mg twice a day for 2 weeks, followed by concurrent mFOLFOX [5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 1,200 mg/m2/day for 46 hours, leucovorin 200 mg/m2, and oxaliplatin 85 mg/m2 biweekly]. The primary endpoint was mTTP with an alternative hypothesis of 7 months, and secondary endpoints included ORR, mOS, and circulating biomarkers.

Results:
The study enrolled 40 patients: HCV/EtOH/HBV, 43%/28%/13%; Child–Pugh A5, 70%. Notable grade 3/4 adverse events (AE) included AST/ALT elevation (28%/15%), diarrhea (13%), hyperbilirubinemia (10%), hand–foot syndrome (8%), and bleeding (8%). mTTP was 7.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.4–8.9], ORR 18%, and mOS 15.1 months (7.9–16.9). Sorafenib + mFOLFOX increased plasma PlGF, VEGF-D, sVEGFR1, IL12p70, and CAIX and CD4+ and CD8+ effector T lymphocytes and decreased plasma sVEGFR2 and s-c-KIT and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Shorter TTP was associated with high baseline sVEGFR1. Shorter TTP and OS were associated with increases in Tregs and CD56Dim natural killer (NK) cells after sorafenib alone and plasma sMET after combination treatment (all P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions:
Sorafenib + mFOLFOX met the prespecified endpoint with encouraging efficacy but moderate hepatotoxicity. Thus, this regimen may be effective in select patients with adequate liver reserve. Biomarker evaluations suggested a correlation between time-to-progression (TTP) and angiogenic biomarkers and circulating Tregs.
Dietary Protein Restriction Reprograms Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Enhances Immunotherapy
Authors: Orillion Ashley , Damayanti Nur P. , Shen Li , Adelaiye-Ogala Remi , Affronti Hayley , Elbanna May , Chintala Sreenivasulu , Ciesielski Michael , Fontana Luigi , Kao Chinghai , Elzey Bennett D. , Ratliff Timothy L. , Nelson David E. , Smiraglia Dominic , Abrams Scott I. , Pili Roberto 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Purpose:
Diet and healthy weight are established means of reducing cancer incidence and mortality. However, the impact of diet modifications on the tumor microenvironment and antitumor immunity is not well defined. Immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are associated with poor clinical outcomes and are potentially modifiable through dietary interventions. We tested the hypothesis that dietary protein restriction modifies macrophage function toward antitumor phenotypes.

Experimental Design:
Macrophage functional status under different tissue culture conditions and in vivo was assessed by Western blot, immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and cytokine array analyses. Tumor growth in the context of protein or amino acid (AA) restriction and immunotherapy, namely, a survivin peptide–based vaccine or a PD-1 inhibitor, was examined in animal models of prostate (RP-B6Myc) and renal (RENCA) cell carcinoma. All tests were two-sided.

Results:
Protein or AA-restricted macrophages exhibited enhanced tumoricidal, proinflammatory phenotypes, and in two syngeneic tumor models, protein or AA-restricted diets elicited reduced TAM infiltration, tumor growth, and increased response to immunotherapies. Further, we identified a distinct molecular mechanism by which AA-restriction reprograms macrophage function via a ROS/mTOR-centric cascade.

Conclusions:
Dietary protein restriction alters TAM activity and enhances the tumoricidal capacity of this critical innate immune cell type, providing the rationale for clinical testing of this supportive tool in patients receiving cancer immunotherapies.
Histopathology of the Mucosa of Eustachian Tube Orifice at the Middle Ear in Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion: Possible Insight Into Tuboplasty Failure
Authors: Christov Florian , Gluth Michael B. 
Published: September 2018

Introduction: Balloon dilation of the cartilaginous segment of the Eustachian tube has emerged as a means to directly augment tubal dilatory function, and this has been applied as a potential treatment for otitis media with effusion (OME). Although results of clinical studies involving this modality appear promising, there are still a moderate number of ears affected by OME that do not respond. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of mucosa of the Eustachian tube at the middle ear orifice in OME as it may relate to some cases of tuboplasty failure. Methods: Twenty-three temporal bone specimens with OME were identified within an institutional archived collection. Each specimen was inspected for the presence of a fixed obstruction at the level of the Eustachian tube orifice at the protympanum. In addition, the mucosa at the tubal orifice was graded on a 4-point scale. Results: Overall, 3 cases (13%) were normal (Grade 1), 6 cases (26%) were mildly thickened (Grade 2), 11 (48%) were severely thickened (Grade 3), and 3 (13%) were severely thickened with polypoid degeneration (Grade 4). A single case was noted to have a complete fixed obstruction in the form of a mucosal web. Conclusion: In ears affected by OME, the mucosa of the Eustachian tubal orifice at the middle ear is most often severely thickened. Normal mucosa, mucosa with severe polypoid changes, or a complete fixed obstruction are possible but uncommon. The majority of specimens studied had sufficiently diseased mucosa to raise questions regarding whether thickened mucosa in the tubal orifice may act as a barrier to middle ear ventilation that would not be directly addressed by cartilaginous Eustachian tube balloon dilation.