bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the Cutoff Criteria of Intelligibility in Context Scale–Traditional Chinese
Authors: Kok E. Ching Eugena , To Carol K. S. 
Published: July 2019

Background
This study evaluated the validity of the Intelligibility in Context Scale–Traditional Chinese (ICS-TC) and explored its potential as a screening tool for speech sound disorder (SSD) in Cantonese-speaking children in Hong Kong.

Method

The parents of 789 Cantonese-speaking children aged between 2;4 (years;months) and 6;9 completed the ICS-TC. Children were categorized into 2 groups: (a) an SSD group whose initial consonant scores in a standardized assessment were equal to or lower than −1.33
SD
and (b) a non-SSD group whose scores were higher than −1.33
SD
. The screening accuracy of ICS-TC using a previously proposed cutoff was appraised. A cutoff score for each age group was determined when the effect of age on the ICS-TC mean scores was significant and the corresponding screening accuracy was appraised.

Results
When the previously proposed cutoff was applied to the whole sample, sensitivity and specificity were unsatisfactory. Given the significant age effect, new cutoff scores for each age group were estimated. The new cutoff scores only led to remarkably improved screening accuracy for Age Group 4 (4;0–4;5) but little to no improvement for other age groups.

Conclusions
There is limited clinical use of ICS-TC as a screening tool with a single cutoff score for children at different ages. Its clinical utility might be limited to children of about 4 years of age, where ICS-TC scores demonstrated the best differentiation between children with and without speech concerns. Future studies could refine the screening criteria to further minimize the number of false positives.
The XXL Survey
Authors: Sereno Mauro , Ettori Stefano , Eckert Dominique , Giles Paul , Maughan Ben J. , Pacaud Florian , Pierre Marguerite , Valageas Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Context.Scaling relations between cluster properties embody the formation and evolution of cosmic structure. Intrinsic scatters and correlations between X-ray properties are determined from merger history, baryonic processes, and dynamical state.Aims.We look for an unbiased measurement of the scatter covariance matrix among the three main X-ray observable quantities attainable in large X-ray surveys: temperature, luminosity, and gas mass. This also gives us the cluster property with the lowest conditional intrinsic scatter at fixed mass.Methods.Intrinsic scatters and correlations can be measured under the assumption that the observable properties of the intra-cluster medium hosted in clusters are log-normally distributed around power-law scaling relations. The proposed method is self-consistent, based on minimal assumptions, and requires neither external calibration by weak lensing, or dynamical or hydrostatic masses, nor the knowledge of the mass completeness.Results.We analysed the 100 brightest clusters detected in the XXL Survey and their X-ray properties measured within a fixed radius of 300 kpc. The gas mass is the less scattered proxy (∼8%). The temperature (∼20%) is intrinsically less scattered than the luminosity (∼30%), but it is measured with a larger observational uncertainty. We found some evidence that gas mass, temperature, and luminosity are positively correlated. Time evolutions are in agreement with the self-similar scenario, but the luminosity–temperature and the gas mass–temperature relations are steeper.Conclusion.Positive correlations between X-ray properties can be determined by the dynamical state and the merger history of the halos. The slopes of the scaling relations are affected by radiative processes.
Toward a characterization of X-ray galaxy clusters for cosmology
Authors: Käfer Florian , Finoguenov Alexis , Eckert Dominique , Sanders Jeremy S. , Reiprich Thomas H. , Nandra Kirpal 
Published: July 2019

Context.In the framework of the hierarchical model the intra-cluster medium properties of galaxy clusters are tightly linked to structure formation, which makes X-ray surveys well suited for cosmological studies. To constrain cosmological parameters accurately by use of galaxy clusters in current and future X-ray surveys, a better understanding of selection effects related to the detection method of clusters is needed.Aims.We aim at a better understanding of the morphology of galaxy clusters to include corrections between the different core types and covariances with X-ray luminosities in selection functions. In particular, we stress the morphological deviations between a newly described surface brightness profile characterization and a commonly used singleβ-model.Methods.We investigated a novel approach to describe surface brightness profiles, where the excess cool-core emission in the centers of the galaxy clusters is modeled using wavelet decomposition. Morphological parameters and the residuals were compared to classical singleβ-models, fitted to the overall surface brightness profiles.Results.Using singleβ-models to describe the ensemble of overall surface brightness profiles leads on average to a non-zero bias (0.032 ± 0.003) in the outer part of the clusters, that is an approximate 3% systematic difference in the surface brightness at large radii. Furthermore,β-models show a general trend toward underestimating the flux in the outskirts for smaller core radii. Fixing theβparameter to 2/3 doubles the bias and increases the residuals from a singleβ-model up to more than 40%. Modeling the core region in the fitting procedure reduces the impact of these two effects significantly. In addition, we find a positive scaling between shape parameters and temperature, as well as a negative correlation of approximately −0.4 between extent and luminosity.Conclusion.We demonstrate the caveats in modeling galaxy clusters with singleβ-models and recommend using them with caution, especially when the systematics are not taken into account. Our non-parametric analysis of the self-similar scaled emission measure profiles indicates no systematic core-type differences of median profiles in the galaxy cluster outskirts.
Activity time series of old stars from late F to early K
Authors: Meunier N. , Lagrange A.-M. 
Published: July 2019

Context. The effect of stellar activity on radial velocity (RV) measurements appears to be a limiting factor in detecting Earth-mass planets in the habitable zone of a star that is similar to the Sun in spectral type and activity level. It is crucial to estimate whether this conclusion remain true for other stars with current correction methods.
Aims. We built realistic time series in radial velocity and chromospheric emission for old main-sequence F6-K4 stars. We studied the effect of the stellar parameters we investigate on exoplanet detectability. The stellar parameters are spectral type, activity level, rotation period, cycle period and amplitude, latitude coverage, and spot constrast, which we chose to be in ranges that are compatible with our current knowledge of stellar activity.
Methods. This very large set of synthetic time series allowed us to study the effect of the parameters on the RV jitter and how the different contributions to the RV are affected in this first analysis of the data set. The RV jitter was used to provide a first-order detection limit for each time series and different temporal samplings.
Results. We find that the coverage in latitude of the activity pattern and the cycle amplitudes have a strong effect on the RV jitter, as has stellar inclination. RV jitter trends with B–V and Log R′HK are similar to observations, but activity cannot be responsible for RV jitter larger than 2–3 m s−1 for very quiet stars: this observed jitter is therefore likely to be due to other causes (instrumental noise or stellar or planetary companions, e.g.). Finally, we show that based on the RV jitter that is associated with each time series and using a simple criterion, a planet with one Earth mass and a period of one to two years probably cannot be detected with current analysis techniques, except for the lower mass stars in our sample, but very many observations would be required. The effect of inclination is critical.
Conclusions. The results are very important in the context of future RV follow-ups of transit detections of such planets. We conclude that a significant improvement of analysis techniques and/or observing strategies must be made to reach such low detection limits.
Yarkovsky effect detection and updated impact hazard assessment for near-Earth asteroid (410777) 2009 FD
Authors: Del Vigna A. , Roa J. , Farnocchia D. , Micheli M. , Tholen D. , Guerra F. , Spoto F. , Valsecchi G. B. 
Published: July 2019

Aims. Near-Earth asteroid (410777) 2009 FD is a potentially hazardous asteroid with possible (though unlikely) impacts on Earth at the end of the twenty-second century. The astrometry collected during the 2019 apparition provides information on the trajectory of (410777) by constraining the Yarkovsky effect, which is the main source of uncertainty for future predictions, and improving the impact hazard assessment.
Methods. We included the Yarkovsky effect in the force model and estimated its magnitude from the fit to the optical and radar astrometric data of (410777). We performed the hazard assessment for (410777) over 200 years using two independent approaches: the NEODyS group adopted a generalisation of the Line Of Variations method in a seven-dimensional space, and the JPL team used the Multi-Layer Clustered Sampling technique.
Results. We obtain a 4σ detection of the Yarkovsky effect acting on (410777), which corresponds to a semimajor axis drift of (3.8 ± 0.9) × 10−3 au Myr−1. In the hazard results of both teams, the main impact possibility in 2185 is ruled out and the only remaining one is in 2190, but with a probability lower than 10−8.
The effects of irregularities and misalignments of the guide strings on stress levels in selected load-bearing elements of a conveyance
Authors: Wolny Stanisław , Drzewosz Agata 
Published: July 2019

In order that the ultimate state methods can be applied in dimensioning of the load-bearing elements in a conveyance it is required that their design loads should be determined during their normal duty cycle and under the emergency braking conditions.
This study aims to verify the predicted loading conditions obtained by theoretical analyses through experiments on a real object. Prior to the actual experimental procedure, limited to measurements of stress acting in the loadbearing cables in the conveyance, the system parameters have been identified. Special attention was given to parameters of roller guides and random irregularities of the guiding strings, which give rise to horizontal displacements of the conveyance and generate the conveyance- shaft steelwork interaction forces.
Anophelesbionomics, insecticide resistance mechanisms, and malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d’Ivoire: a pre-intervention study
Authors: Zogo Barnabas , Soma Dieudonné Diloma , Tchiekoi Bertin N’Cho , Somé Anthony , Ahoua Alou Ludovic P. , Koffi Alphonsine A. , Fournet Florence , Dahounto Amal , Coulibaly Baba , Kandé Souleymane , Dabiré Roch Kounbobr , Baba-Moussa Lamine , Moiroux Nicolas , Pennetier Cédric 
Published: July 2019

A better understanding of malaria transmission at a local scale is essential for developing and implementing effective control strategies. In the framework of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), we aimed to provide an updated description of malaria transmission in the Korhogo area, northern Côte d’Ivoire, and to obtain baseline data for the trial. We performed human landing collections (HLCs) in 26 villages in the Korhogo area during the rainy season (September–October 2016, April–May 2017) and the dry season (November–December 2016, February–March 2017). We used PCR techniques to ascertain the species of theAnopheles gambiaecomplex,Plasmodium falciparumsporozoite infection, and insecticide resistance mechanisms in a subset ofAnophelesvectors.Anopheles gambiae s.l.was the predominant malaria vector in the Korhogo area. Overall, more vectors were collected outdoors than indoors (p < 0.001). Of the 774An. gambiae s.l.tested in the laboratory, 89.65% wereAn. gambiae s.s.and 10.35% wereAn. coluzzii. The frequencies of thekdrallele were very high inAn. gambiae s.s.but theace-1allele was found at moderate frequencies. An unprotected individual living in the Korhogo area received an average of 9.04, 0.63, 0.06 and 0.12 infected bites per night in September–October, November–December, February–March, and April–May, respectively. These results demonstrate that the intensity of malaria transmission is extremely high in the Korhogo area, especially during the rainy season. Malaria control in highly endemic areas such as Korhogo needs to be strengthened with complementary tools in order to reduce the burden of the disease.
The Pathogenesis of Glenohumeral Deformity and Contracture Formation in Obstetric Brachial Plexus Palsy—A Review
Authors: Olofsson Pontus N. , Chu Alice , McGrath Aleksandra M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractContractures of the shoulder joint and glenohumeral joint dysplasia are well known complications to obstetrical brachial plexus palsy. Despite extensive description of these sequelae, the exact pathogenesis remains unknown. The prevailing theory to explain the contractures and glenohumeral joint dysplasia states that upper trunk injury leads to nonuniform muscle recovery and thus imbalance between internal and external rotators of the shoulder. More recently, another explanation has been proposed, hypothesizing that denervation leads to reduced growth of developing muscles and that reinnervation might suppress contracture formation. An understanding of the pathogenesis is desirable for development of effective prophylactic treatment. This article aims to describe the current state of knowledge regarding these important complications.
Temporal Vascular Changes in Leg with Ulcer Due to Autonomic Neuropathy
Authors: Ener Behçet K. , Uçankale Handan , Sürmeli Reyhan 
Published: July 2019

Background Vascular dysfunction dominates the clinical picture of peripheral autonomic neuropathy in lower extremity.
Patients and Methods We have studied functional changes of leg vasculature in 30 patients with chronic ulceration due to peripheral autonomic neuropathy between clinical stages 1 and 3. They suffered from lower extremity wounds. After sympathetic skin response test, pedal arterial blood flow analysis including peak systolic velocity (PSV) and pulsatility index (PI) was made by duplex ultrasonography (DUS) in involved legs. Vascular anatomy of leg was also examined by magnetic resonance angiography.
Results The mean PSV value was found 58.32 cm/s in stage 1, 35.31 cm/s in stage 2, and 15.71 cm/s in stage 3. The mean PI value was observed 1.17 in stage 1, 1.43 in stage 2, and 1.87 in stage 3. In chronic stage 3, three patients had inadequate arterial blood supply and recurrent ulcer.
Conclusions We suggest that reduced sympathetic activity due to small fiber neuropathy causes temporal variations in leg blood flow. There was a nonlinear relationship between vascular functional changes and stages of disease with increased, intermediate, and decreased blood flow, respectively. DUS assessment of pedal arteries contributed to differentiation of clinical stages and permitted vascular evaluation in the course of peripheral autonomic neuropathy.
Status of Cardiac Surgical Intensive Care Medicine in Germany in 2018: A Report on Behalf of the German Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Markewitz Andreas , Lewandowski Jana , Trummer Georg , Beckmann Andreas 
Published: July 2019

Background This report summarizes the results of a voluntary survey designed to assess the current situation of cardiac surgical intensive care medicine in Germany in 2018.
Methods A standardized questionnaire concerning detailed information about structural characteristics of cardiac surgical intensive care units (ICUs) was sent to all German departments performing cardiac surgery.
Results Response rate was 93% (n = 75/81). Compared with previous surveys since 1998, the median number of intensive care beds for patients after cardiac surgery increased from 15 in 2013 to 16 in 2018. The proportion of cardiac surgical ICUs decreased to 51% with a simultaneous increase of interdisciplinary ICUs. The proportion of cardiac surgeons acting as director of an ICU increased to 43%. The physicians' teams were mostly interdisciplinary (57%). More than half of the directors were board-certified intensivists (62%) with a peak of 100% in ICUs run by cardiac surgeons. Human resources development in the ICU showed similar trends with an increase of physicians and nurses. More than half of all ICUs (61%) and the vast majority of cardiac surgical ICUs (82%) offer an accredited training program for intensive care medicine.
Conclusion The results of this survey corroborate once again that intensive care medicine represents a substantial and important part of cardiac surgery. However, efforts are necessary to keep this attitude alive for the future.
3.6.17 Organometallic Gold Catalysis in Combination with Enzyme, Organo-, or Transition-Metal Catalysis
Authors: Celik I. , Hummel S. , Kirsch S. F. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter presents a summary of reactions where homogeneous catalysis with gold complexes is combined with other modes of catalysis. It focuses on new synthetic developments in the field of gold catalysis through the merger of gold and organocatalysis. In this context, examples with enzyme catalysis, aminocatalysis, and Brønsted acid catalysis are described, amongst others. Another focus is put on synthetic methods with a new reactivity that is only made possible when gold species are employed in the presence of other transition-metal-based catalysts. The review covers reactions reported until 2018.
How the Chinese language encourages the paradigm shift toward discourse in linguistics
Authors: Erbaugh Mary S. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Chinese language has encouraged the paradigm shift in linguistics away from Chomsky-style sentence-internal rules toward usage-based discourse. Analysts have debated two possibilities: is Chinese an allegedly ‘inferior’ and ambiguous language because it rests on the ‘three zeros’: zero subjects, zero anaphora, and zero tense? Or does Chinese use ‘hidden complexity’ (Bisang 2009) to make reference clear by discourse marking? Chinese pressure points on linguistic theory center on these ‘three zeros’. Zero subjects have influenced a broader research category of topic-centered languages. Zero anaphora influenced reference tracking beyond the sentence. Zero tense expanded understanding of time and aspect. The process of the shift comes from international networks of multilingual scholars of Chinese. They have collaborated to form a critical mass of explicitly comparative, empirical research. Chinese interdisciplinary research has been especially influential in typology, child language, cross-cultural communications, translation and artificial intelligence. Fifty years ago, mainstream conferences, textbooks, books, and journals almost never featured Chinese. Now they routinely do.
Devices of alignment
Authors: Gao Hua 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study draws on a conversational analysis (CA)-oriented micro-analytical approach and examines the form, placement and function of interviewer (IR) questions prefaced by turn-initial所以suoyi‘so’ and但(是)dan(shi)‘but’ in Chinese TV news interviews. It is found that IRs often employ the resultative connectivesuoyias the first item of their turn immediately after a question-answer (QA) sequence. They do so to preface a declarative, alone or followed by a question tag that invokes an interviewee (IE) opinion on, or the gist of, IE prior talk. While such a design can be a device that IRs use to signal the closing of the ongoing topic, the recipient may orient to it as eliciting confirmation or agreement. By contrast, the adversative connectivedan(shi)in the turn-initial position prefaces either a wh-question or a yes/no question and brings forth a point of contrast and transition for questioning. As a practice with which IRs re-direct the IE’s response to a previous unaddressed concern with the agenda tightened, thedan(shi)-prefaced questions do not convey opposition or disagreement. Rather, they function to deal with the resumption in a way that renders it unproblematic. I argue that both types of connective-prefaced questions together with the responses they elicit demonstrate a particular kind of alignment between IRs and IEs in Chinese TV news interviews.
Conceptual structuring of the English prepositionsbetween, among, andamid, and their Spanish equivalententre
Authors: Morras Javier , Barcelona Antonio 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpatial language has been traditionally understood as encoding purely spatio-geometric information. However, much more than that must be considered for a full account of the semantics of space. It turns out that spatial arrangements manifest functional consequences which are non-spatial, so prepositional vehicles cannot be equated solely with spatial elements (Vandeloise 1991,1994). These non-spatial parameters in turn, play a major role in spatial, non-spatial, and temporal conceptions. This provides solid ground to propose a motivation behind these types of meanings that prepositions usually convey. This paper attempts to show how theconceptual basisfor each preposition proposed, is a key component within conceptual processes such as elaboration and extension (Langacker 1987). Such an analysis provides a better understanding of the spatial configuration of the English and Spanish prepositions, as well as an account for the semantic extension of non-spatial and temporal conceptions. Using a corpus-driven methodology to evidence the prepositions’ use types, the results obtained favor the hypothesis that non-spatial conceptions are ultimately motivated by spatial ones. This in turn, shows the language-specific character of parameterization due to the clear differences that exist between the English prepositionsbetween, among, andamid, and their Spanish equivalententre. The cognitive linguistic analysis showed in this research may also offer a new perspective in the area of Language Teaching. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research on the plausibility of psycholinguistic validation and pedagogical applications of the conceptual bases proposed.
Communicating attitudes through metaphor
Authors: Cibulskienė Jurga 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMetaphor analysis in real-world discourse is increasingly becoming the focus of many cognitive studies. Accordingly, this paper seeks to investigate how euro adoption in Lithuania in 2015 was metaphorically communicated by the media. The study is carried out within the framework of Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA), which was developed byCharteris-Black (2005, 2011),Musolff (2008),Hart (2010). Thus, a three-step metaphor analysis procedure (Identified→ Interpreted→ Explained) was employed in order to analyze the attitude towards euro adoption presented in Lithuanian media. The findings show that the euro is most frequently conceptualized as aliving organismwith different scenarios (active agentandpassive agent) being realized linguistically. In the final stage – explanation – metaphors were analyzed from a rhetorical perspective, which means that an attempt was made to look into how metaphors communicate positive or negative attitudes about euro adoption in the media. The results demonstrate that personification of the euro makes the idea of euro adoption more understandable, it activates a range of emotions and evaluates it. This leads to further insights about the way the media exercises its power in an attempt to persuade people and manipulate their attitudes, emotions and opinions.