bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic Catalysis: Highly Enantioselective Cascade Reaction for the Synthesis of Dihydroacridines
Authors: Meninno Sara , Meazza Marta , Yang Jung Woon , Tejero Tomas , Merino Pedro , Rios Ramon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe first stereoselective synthesis of dihydroacridines through synergistic catalysis, achieving the final target compounds with good to excellent yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities and diastereoselectivities, is reported. The synergistic approach consists in the activation of substituted quinolines with a Lewis acid catalyst that react in a cascade fashion with activated enals in the iminium form. Mechanistic calculations support a consecutive Michael–aldol reaction, followed by dehydration.
An Oxalate‐Bridged Binuclear Iron(III) Ionic Liquid for the Highly Efficient Glycolysis of Polyethylene Terephthalate under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Cot Sergi , Leu Meike K. , Kalamiotis Alexis , Dimitrakis Georgios , Sans Victor , de Pedro Imanol , Cano Israel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn oxalate‐bridged binuclear iron(III) ionic liquid combined with an imidazolium based cation, (dimim)2[Fe2Cl4(μ‐ox)], was synthesized and characterized by a wide range of techniques. This halometallate ionic liquid was active in catalyzing the depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by glycolysis, under conventional and microwave‐assisted heating conditions. Both methodologies were very selective towards the production of bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)terephthalate (BHET). The employment of microwave heating proved beneficial in terms of time and energy saving when compared to the use of thermal heating. Indeed, dielectric spectroscopy studies revealed that the binuclear iron‐containing ionic liquid exhibits an excellent heating response under an electromagnetic field. The catalyst provided quantitative conversions to BHET in the glycolysis of post‐consumer PET bottles in only 3 h through microwave heating, as compared to 80 % conversion after 24 h under conventional heating.
Mg‐Ion Inversion in MgO@MgO−Al2O3 Oxides: The Origin of Basic Sites
Authors: Hiremath Vishwanath , Kwon Hyuk Jae , Jung In‐Sun , Kwon Soonchul , Kwon Sung Hyun , Lee Seung Geol , Lee Hyun Chul , Seo Jeong Gil 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAlthough MgO−Al2O3 is well known as having a spinel structure, the inversion of which occurs by exchange of the trivalent (Al3+) and divalent (Mg2+) cations, little analytical study of the degree of inversion has been carried out. This study concerns a simple methodology to identify the inversion by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy, whereby its correlation with the CO2 capture capacity of MgO‐rich MgO@MgO−Al2O3 spinel structures is verified. Through 27Al and 25Mg NMR spectroscopy, temperature‐programmed CO2 desorption, and thermogravimetric analysis, higher inversion is found to occur at low Mg/Al ratios and the inversion is found to decrease as the Mg/Al ratio increases. Moreover, the degree of inversion correlates with CO2 sorption, which is associated with the medium‐strength basic sites induced by formation of the unsaturated O2− species. These results will open new pathways to exploit defects in complex oxides beyond spinels and their derivatives for desired applications. This demonstration of MgO−Al2O3 for CO2 sorption can contribute to the design of future CO2 sorbents.
Benign epithelioid peripheral nerve sheath tumour arising in the rectum: A cytological and histological description
Authors: Foo Tiffany Siang Ying , Laycock Andrew 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA 57‐year old man presented with a 3.6 cm submucosal rectal cystic mass detected on colonoscopy and MRI. The lesion was deroofed, with rectal cyst fluid and cyst wall received for examination. Smears contained atypical cells occurring singly and in small aggregates, with epithelioid and spindled cells with hyperchromatic nuclei. Occasional cells exhibited intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. The concurrent histopathology specimen from the rectal cyst wall showed good correlation with the cytologic findings. The lesion was confined to the muscularis propria, with predominantly epithelioid cells and occasional spindled forms arranged in sheets, nests, and trabeculae with intervening fibrillary and fibrous stroma. Mitotic figures were scant, with no atypical mitoses or necrosis. An extensive immunohistochemical panel was performed, showing strong and diffuse nuclear and cytoplasmic staining with S100 and moderate to strong intensity nuclear staining with SOX10, in keeping with a benign epithelioid peripheral nerve sheath tumour. The patient remains well 3 years following diagnosis, and two subsequent biopsies at the site show no evidence of recurrent disease. We herein provide the first cytologic description of this lesion, with histopathologic correlation and a brief review of other differential diagnostic possibilities.
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 9 Is a Paracrine Factor Controlling Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cell Fenestration and Protecting Against Hepatic Fibrosis
Authors: Desroches‐Castan Agnès , Tillet Emmanuelle , Ricard Nicolas , Ouarné Marie , Mallet Christine , Belmudes Lucid , Couté Yohann , Boillot Olivier , Scoazec Jean‐Yves , Bailly Sabine , Feige Jean‐Jacques 
Published: April 2019

Bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9) is a circulating factor produced by hepatic stellate cells that plays a critical role in vascular quiescence through its endothelial receptor activin receptor‐like kinase 1 (ALK1). Mutations in the gene encoding ALK1 cause hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2, a rare genetic disease presenting hepatic vessel malformations. Variations of both the circulating levels and the hepatic mRNA levels of BMP9 have been recently associated with various forms of hepatic fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanism that links BMP9 with liver diseases is still unknown. Here, we report that Bmp9 gene deletion in 129/Ola mice triggers hepatic perisinusoidal fibrosis that was detectable from 15 weeks of age. An inflammatory response appeared within the same time frame as fibrosis, whereas sinusoidal vessel dilation developed later on. Proteomic and mRNA analyses of primary liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) both revealed that the expression of the LSEC‐specifying transcription factor GATA‐binding protein 4 was strongly reduced in Bmp9 gene knockout (Bmp9‐KO) mice as compared with wild‐type mice. LSECs from Bmp9‐KO mice also lost the expression of several terminal differentiation markers (Lyve1, Stab1, Stab2, Ehd3, Cd209b, eNos, Maf, Plvap). They gained CD34 expression and deposited a basal lamina, indicating that they were capillarized. Another main characteristic of differentiated LSECs is the presence of permeable fenestrae. LSECs from Bmp9‐KO mice had a significantly reduced number of fenestrae. This was already observable in 2‐week‐old pups. Moreover, we could show that addition of BMP9 to primary cultures of LSECs prevented the loss of their fenestrae and maintained the expression levels of Gata4 and Plvap. Conclusion: Taken together, our observations show that BMP9 is a key paracrine regulator of liver homeostasis, controlling LSEC fenestration and protecting against perivascular hepatic fibrosis.
Expression of miR‐486‐5p and its signiﬁcance in lung squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Yang Sheng , Sui Jing , Liu Tong , Wu Wenjuan , Xu Siyi , Yin Lihong , Pu Yuepu , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Yan , Shen Bo , Liang Geyu 
Published: April 2019

AbstractLung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) is one of the main histological types of lung cancer with high mortality. The role of microRNA‐486‐5p in LUSC remains unclear. In the current study, the aim was to explore miR‐486‐5p expression and its role in LUSC. The miR‐486‐5p expression was significantly low‐expressed in patients with LUSC from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, which was further confirmed in the Gene Expression Omnibus database, patients’ tissues, different cell lines by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and the high‐throughput gene sequencing data of lung tissues of mice after a long‐term B(a)P exposure. The meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the expression and diagnosis power of miR‐486‐5p (standard mean difference = −2.25; 95% confidence interval: −3.47 to −1.03; P = 0.0003; area under curve = 0.9082). Functional enrichment analysis revealed the potential function of miR‐486‐5p in LUSC using gene set enrichment analysis and clusterProfiler package in R software. At last, the hub genes (PTEN, TEK, PIK3R1, PPM1B, SMAD2, and SPTA1) of miR‐486‐5p were verified. In conclusion, miR‐486‐5p may be a LUSC antioncogene, playing an important role to serve as a biomarker in LUSC.
Downregulation of long noncoding RNA LINC00683 associated with unfavorable prognosis in prostate cancer based on TCGA
Authors: Liu Yunfeng , Yang Bishan , Su Youmin , Xiang Qiuling , Li Quhuan 
Published: April 2019

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the third most common reason of cancer‐related deaths in men. Accumulating evidence has shown that dysregulation of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to cancer initiation and development. Although large numbers of lncRNAs have been discovered, knowledge regarding their function and physiological/pathological significance remains limited. In this study, we aimed to reveal functional lncRNAs and identify prognosis‐related RNAs in PCa by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). To achieve this, an lncRNA‐mRNA coexpression network was constructed by weighted correlation network analysis. Additionally, a subnetwork was extracted from this weighted correlation network, and seven lncRNAs were identified as core nodes. Further Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis showed that three lncRNAs (LINC00683, LINC00857, and FENDRR) were significantly downregulated in PCa samples, and there was a strong positive correlation with patient survival. Importantly, LINC00683 has not been fully reported as related with PCa. Additionally, gene set enrichment analysis indicated that LINC00683 might be involved in cancer‐related pathways such as the Wnt pathway. Based on the findings of this study, lncRNA LINC00683 is likely to provide a new diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for future PCa treatments.
Islet cells are the source of Wnts that can induce beta‐cell proliferation in vitro
Authors: Maschio Daniela A. , Matheus Valquíria A. , Collares‐Buzato Carla B. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractWnt proteins act mainly as paracrine signals regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The canonical Wnt pathway has recently been associated with pancreas development and the onset of type 2 diabetes in rodent and human but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this work was threefold: (a) to screen for Wnt expressed by murine pancreas/islet cells, (b) to investigate whether the Wnt gene expression profile can be changed in hyperplastic islets from type 2 prediabetic mice (fed a high‐fat diet), and (c) to verify whether soluble factors (namely Wnts) released by pancreatic islets affect insulin secretion and proliferation of a beta‐cell line in vitro condition. The majority of the Wnt subtypes are expressed by islet cells, such as Wnts 2, 2b, 3, 3a, 4, 5a, 5b, 6, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, and 11, while in the whole pancreas homogenates were found the same subtypes, except Wnts 3, 6, 7a, and 7b. Among all the Wnts, the Wnts 3a and 5b showed a significantly increased gene expression in hyperplastic islets from prediabetic mice compared with those from control mice. Furthermore, we observed that coculture with hyperplastic or nonhyperplastic islets did not change the secretory function of the mouse insulinoma clone 6 (MIN6) beta cells but induced a significant increase in cell proliferation in this lineage, which was partially blocked by the IWR‐1 and IWP‐2 Wnt inhibitors. In conclusion, we demonstrated that murine pancreas/islet cells can secrete Wnts, and that islet‐released Wnts may participate in the regulation of beta‐cell mass under normal and prediabetic conditions.
Adipocyte lineage differentiation potential of MSCs isolated from reaming material
Authors: Toosi Shirin , Esmaeilzadeh Zohreh , Naderi‐Meshkin Hojjat , Heirani‐Tabasi Asieh , Peivandi Mohammad Taghi , Behravan Javad 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from various sources have been used for different therapeutic applications including tissue regeneration. Reamer/irrigator/aspirator (RIA) has been increasingly used in recent years for the derivation of MSCs. Here in this investigation we have comparatively analyzed MSCs obtained from iliac crest bone marrow (ICBM) and RIA for their morphology, cluster determinant (CD) markers, and adipogenic differentiation capacity. MSCs were isolated, cultured, and purified from both sources and then flow cytometric studies were performed to study their characteristics. The differentiation potential of RIA and ICBM was examined by an Oil Red O staining protocol. Moreover, the tissue‐specific markers related to adipogenesis were analyzed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The cells were cultured in the relevant induction medium and then adipogenic lineage differentiation was tested and confirmed for all MSC preparations. Additionally, analysis by flow cytometer was indicative of RIA derived MSCs (RIA‐MSCs) having a more homogenous population than ICBM derived MSCs. The RIA‐MSCs differentiation toward adipogenic lineage was more efficient compared with ICBM‐MSCs. Direct comparative analysis of RIA to ICBM‐MSCs indicated that the RIA‐MSCs had a higher potential toward adipocyte lineage differentiation compared with ICBM‐MSCs.
Spontaneous differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells into myofibroblast during ex vivo expansion
Authors: Iwasaki Kengo , Komaki Motohiro , Akazawa Keiko , Nagata Mizuki , Yokoyama Naoki , Watabe Tetsuro , Morita Ikuo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPeriodontitis is characterized by the chronic inflammation and destruction of tooth‐supporting tissues. Periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) is the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) population isolated from periodontal ligament, which is the key tissue for regeneration of periodontal tissues. Although transplantation of PDLSCs is proposed as novel regenerative therapy, limited information is available, regarding the characteristic change of PDLSCs during ex vivo expansion. In this study, we encountered morphological change of PDLSCs during standard cell culture and aimed to investigate the change of PDLSCs in stem cell characteristics and to search for the culture condition to maintain stem cell properties. Characteristics of PDLSCs were examined using in vitro osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation. Myofibroblast differentiation was confirmed using immunohistochemistry and collagen gel contraction assay. Replicative senescence was examined by β‐gal staining. PDLSCs changed their morphology from spindle to flat and wide during ex vivo expansion. After the morphological change, PDLSCs showed several features of myofibroblast including extensive stress fiber formation, contraction activity, and myofibroblast marker expression. Upon the morphological change, osteoblastic and adipocyte differentiation capacity were reduced and expression of stem cell‐related genes were decreased. β‐Gal staining was not always correlated with the morphological change of PDLSCs. Moreover, exogenous addition of bFGF and PDGF‐BB served to maintain spindle shape and osteoblastic differentiation potential of PDLSCs. This study demonstrates that spontaneous differentiation of PDLSCs during ex vivo expansion and may provide the important information of cell culture condition of PDLSCs for clinical use.
A toolkit for genetics providers in follow‐up of patients with non‐diagnostic exome sequencing
Authors: Zastrow Diane B. , Kohler Jennefer N. , Bonner Devon , Reuter Chloe M. , Fernandez Liliana , Grove Megan E. , Fisk Dianna G. ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Yang Yaping , Eng Christine M. , Ward Patricia A. , Bick David , Worthey Elizabeth A. , Fisher Paul G. , Ashley Euan A. , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Wheeler Matthew T. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThere are approximately 7,000 rare diseases affecting 25–30 million Americans, with 80% estimated to have a genetic basis. This presents a challenge for genetics practitioners to determine appropriate testing, make accurate diagnoses, and conduct up‐to‐date patient management. Exome sequencing (ES) is a comprehensive diagnostic approach, but only 25%–41% of the patients receive a molecular diagnosis. The remaining three‐fifths to three‐quarters of patients undergoing ES remain undiagnosed. The Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (CUD), a clinical site of the Undiagnosed Diseases Network, evaluates patients with undiagnosed and rare diseases using a combination of methods including ES. Frequently these patients have non‐diagnostic ES results, but strategic follow‐up techniques identify diagnoses in a subset. We present techniques used at the CUD that can be adopted by genetics providers in clinical follow‐up of cases where ES is non‐diagnostic. Solved case examples illustrate different types of non‐diagnostic results and the additional techniques that led to a diagnosis. Frequent approaches include segregation analysis, data reanalysis, genome sequencing, additional variant identification, careful phenotype‐disease correlation, confirmatory testing, and case matching. We also discuss prioritization of cases for additional analyses.
Temporal variability of lagoon–sea water exchange and seawater circulation through a Mediterranean barrier beach
Authors: Tamborski Joseph , van Beek Pieter , Rodellas Valentí , Monnin Christophe , Bergsma Erwin , Stieglitz Thomas , Heilbrun Christina , Cochran J. Kirk , Charbonnier Céline , Anschutz Pierre , Bejannin Simon , Beck Aaron 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe subterranean flow of water through sand barriers between coastal lagoons and the sea, driven by a positive hydraulic gradient, is a net new pathway for solute transfer to the sea. On the sea side of sand barriers, seawater circulation in the swash‐zone generates a flux of recycled and new solutes. The significance and temporal variability of these vectors to the French Mediterranean Sea is unknown, despite lagoons constituting ~ 50% of the coastline. A one‐dimensional 224Raex/223Ra reactive‐transport model was used to quantify water flow between a coastal lagoon (La Palme) and the sea over a 6‐month period. Horizontal flow between the lagoon and sea decreased from ~ 85 cm d−1 during May 2017 (0.3 m3 d−1 m−1 of shoreline) to ~ 20 cm d−1 in July and was negligible in the summer months thereafter due to a decreasing hydraulic gradient. Seawater circulation in the swash‐zone varied from 10 to 52 cm d−1 (0.4–2.1 m3 d−1 m−1), driven by short‐term changes in the prevailing wind and wave regimes. Both flow paths supply minor dissolved silica fluxes on the order of ~ 3–10 mmol Si d−1 m−1. Lagoon–sea water exchange supplies a net dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux (320–1100 mmol C d−1 m−1) two orders of magnitude greater than seawater circulation and may impact coastal ocean acidification. The subterranean flow of water through sand barriers represents a significant source of new DIC, and potentially other solutes, to the Mediterranean Sea during high lagoon water‐level periods and should be considered in seasonal element budgets.
Graphitic Hollow Nanocarbon as a Promising Conducting Agent for Solid‐State Lithium Batteries
Authors: Park Sang Wook , Oh Gwangseok , Park Jun‐Woo , Ha Yoon‐Cheol , Lee Sang‐Min , Yoon Seog Young , Kim Byung Gon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAll‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have lately received enormous attention for electric vehicle applications because of their exceptional stability by engaging all‐solidified cell components. However, there are many formidable hurdles such as low ionic conductivity, interface instability, and difficulty in the manufacturing process, for its practical use. Recently, carbon, one of the representative conducting agents, turns out to largely participate in side reactions with the solid electrolyte, which finally leads to the formation of insulating side products at the interface. Although the battery community mentioned that parasitic reactions are presumably attributed to carbon itself or the generation of electronic conducting paths lowering the kinetic barrier for reactions, the underlying origin for such reactions as well as appropriate solutions have not been provided yet. In this study, for the first time, it is verified that the functional group on carbon is an origin for causing negative effects on interfacial stability and a graphitized hollow nanocarbon as a promising solution for improving‐electrochemical performance is introduced. This work offers an invaluable lesson that a relatively minor part, such as a conducting agent, in ASSBs sometimes gives more positive impact on improving electrochemical performance than huge efforts for resolving other parts.
Visualizing Nonradiative Mobile Defects in Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Materials
Authors: Hentz Olivia , Singh Akshay , Zhao Zhibo , Gradečak Silvija 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOrganic–inorganic perovskite materials have mobile charged point defects that migrate in response to voltage biasing and illumination, causing device performance variation over time. Improvements in device stability and reliability require methods to visualize point defect migration, estimate ionic mobilities, and identify factors influencing their migration. In this work, a versatile method is demonstrated to track nonradiative point defect migration in situ. Photoluminescence mapping of laterally biased perovskite films is used to track continuous changes in nonradiative recombination as charge‐trapping defects migrate between the device electrodes. A Monte Carlo framework of defect drift and diffusion is developed that is consistent with experimental photoluminescence observations, which combined enables point defect mobility estimation in methylammonium lead iodide films. Furthermore, measurements performed on materials with varied grain sizes demonstrate that point defect mobility is 1500× faster at grain boundaries compared to bulk. These findings imply that grain morphology can be used to tune point defect mobility such that large‐grained or single‐crystal materials inhibit point defect migration. The methods used in this work can be applied to visualize and quantify the migration of charge‐trapping point defects in a wide range of state‐of‐the‐art perovskite materials targeted toward reduced ionic mobilities and superior device stability.