bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in nutritional characteristics of three varieties of sorghum grain determine their in vitro rumen fermentation
Authors: Amanzougarene Zahia , Yuste Susana , De Vega Antonio , Fondevila Manuel 
Published: July 2018

The effect of phenolic compounds and protein matrix on microbial fermentation of three sorghum grains (S1, S2 and S3) were studied in vitro. Total phenolics and total tannins concentration (g/kg dry matter, DM) were 1.5 and 0.2 for S1, 19.3 and 8.1 for S2 and 2.6 and 1.3 for S3. Protein enzymatic digestibility was 0.614, 0.226 and 0.454, respectively. Trial 1 was conducted for 24 h, without or with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to determine the effect of phenolic compounds on fermentation. Without PEG, gas production for S1 was the highest after 24 h (257, 237 and 238 mL/g organic matter, for S1, S2 and S3; p<0.05), and higher proportion of propionate at the expense of acetate was recorded with S3 after 6 h. Gas produced with S1 and S3 remained unaffected (p>0.10), but increased in S2 by 0.21 to 0.30 with vs. without PEG. No differences in gas production between S1 and S2 were observed with PEG, S3 recording the lowest (p<0.05) values from 8 h onwards. Addition of PEG reduced proportion of butyrate (p<0.05) and increased three-fold lactate (1.62 vs. 4.98 mM; p<0.001). In Trial 2 (12 h) gas production followed a similar pattern. Without PEG, starch disappearance was the highest in S1 (0.356, 0.231 and 0.216, respectively), but no differences were recorded with PEG. Considering differences in protein digestibility and the effect of phenolic compounds, the effect of starch nature and structure on fermentation is apparently minor. Colour of grain is not necessarily related to phenolic compounds proportion or rumen utilization.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Mathematics Research, Vol. 10, No. 4
Authors: Wang Sophia 
Published: July 2018

Journal of Mathematics Research wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated.Many authors, regardless of whether Journal of Mathematics Research publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 4 Abdessadek Saib, University of Tebessa, AlgeriaAli Berkol, Space and Defense Technologies &amp; Baskent University, TurkeyAmjad Salari, Razi University, IranCecilia Maria Fernandes Fonseca, Polytechnic of Guarda, PortugalChung-Chuan Chen, National Taichung University of Education, TaiwanFerit Gürbüz, Hakkari University, TurkeyGane Sam Lo, Universite Gaston Berger de Saint-Louis, SenegalGener Santiago Subia, NUeva Ecija University of Science and Technology, PhilippinesHayat REZGUI, Ecole normale Supérieure de Kouba, AlgeriaJalal Hatem, Baghdad University, IraqKong Liang, University of Illinois at Springfield, USALiwei Shi, China University of Political Science and Law, ChinaMarek Brabec, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech RepublicMaria Alessandra Ragusa, University of Catania, ItalyPredrag Stanimirovic, University of Nis, SerbiaRaimundo Nonato Araújo dos Santos, USP-ICMC, BrazilRami Ahmad El-Nabulsi, Athens Institute for Education and Research, GreeceSanjib Kumar Datta, University of Kalyani, IndiaSergiy Koshkin, University of Houston Downtown, USAVinodh Kumar Chellamuthu, Dixie State University, USAVishnu Narayan Mishra, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, IndiaXingbo WANG, Foshan University, ChinaXinyun Zhu, University of Texas of the Permian Basin, USAYaqin Feng, Ohio University, USAYoussef El-Khatib, United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates Sophia WangOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Journal of Mathematics ResearchCanadian Center of Science and Education
Toepassing van de pre-pack in Curaçao: wat zijn de spelregels?
Authors: Bottse R.M. 
Published: July 2018

Toepassing van de pre-pack in Curaçao: wat zijn de spelregels?
In deze bijdrage staat de pre-packprocedure centraal die is voorafgegaan aan de doorstart van de naamloze vennootschap Curaçaose Dok Maatschappij N.V. Pre-packrichtlijnen scheppen duidelijkheid omtrent het wanneer, waarom en hoe rondom de toepassing van pre-packs. In de richtlijnen zal voor de beoogd curator een stevige rol moeten zijn weggelegd in het voorkomen van diverse aansprakelijkheidsrisico’s. De auteur moedigt het gerecht daarom aan serieus werk te maken van het ontwerpen van pre-packrichtlijnen. Het verdient aanbeveling om daarbij door middel van een consultatieronde de mening van curatoren en andere insolventierechtbeoefenaren te peilen.
Wetgeving met een haakje … haken en ogen aan het wetgevingsproces. Over kwaliteit en kwantiteit
Authors: Klik P. 
Published: July 2018

Wetgeving met een haakje… haken en ogen aan het wetgevingsproces. Over kwaliteit en kwantiteit
In deze bijdrage staat de auteur stil bij de capaciteitsproblemen bij het produceren van wetgeving te Curaçao. Daarbij zal de auteur tevens ingaan op de vraag in hoeverre Nederlandse wetgeving integraal dient te worden overgenomen op Curaçao.
Wijziging van de Rijkswet goedkeuring en bekendmaking verdragen: extra informatie voor de Staten van Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten
Authors: Modderman C.B. 
Published: July 2018

Wijziging van de Rijkswet goedkeuring en bekendmaking verdragen: extra informatie voor de Staten van Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten
Onlangs is in artikel 2 Rijkswet goedkeuring en bekendmaking verdragen komen te staan dat bij de overlegging van een verdrag ter goedkeuring moet worden vermeld of volgens de regering in dat verdrag een ieder verbindende bepalingen staan en, zo ja, welke bepalingen dat zijn. In deze bijdrage zal, na een korte uiteenzetting van belangrijke elementen in de regeling van verdragsgoedkeuring, deze wijziging aan bod komen en zal worden ingegaan op het belang ervan voor de Staten van Aruba, Curaçao en Sint Maarten.
Evolution of Self-Repair Behaviour in Narration Among Adult Learners of French as a Second Language
Authors: Simard Daphnée , French Leif , Zuniga Michael 
Published: July 2018

Self-repairs, or revisions of speech that speakers themselves initiate and complete (Salonen & Laakso, 2009), have long been associated with second language (L2) development (e.g., Kormos, 2000a). To our knowledge, however, no research has looked at the evolution of self-repair correctness patterns, that is, the correctness of elements targeted for repair and the correctness of the repair outcomes. Consequently, the present study sought to investigate changes in the self-repair behaviour of English-speaking L2 learners of French over the course of a 5-week period and to verify whether any changes occurred over time. Speech samples of the L2 were collected from 50 adult participants through an elicited narration task at the beginning (Time 1) and the end (Time 2) of a 5-week immersion program. Overall, the results showed that there were qualitative and quantitative changes in self-repairs types, and that correctness of the element being repaired increased significantly over time.
Cultivating a Dialogue: Rewilding, Heritage Landscapes, and Belonging
Authors: Tokarski Mateusz , Gammon Andrea R. 
Published: July 2018

Rewilding in Europe currently presents a threat to long established forms of agriculture like upland sheep farming. Some rewilders, recognizing the heritage value of these farming practices, have proposed policy solutions to satisfy both the needs of farmers and the plans of rewilders. Such approaches, though striving for peaceful resolution of landscape conflicts, nevertheless overlook one crucial possibility: that both farmers and rewilders have something to learn from each other. By exploring philosophical ideas on dialogue, we propose that by engaging in real dialogue with traditional farming practices, conservation approaches like rewilding can learn a lot about some of the most fundamental concerns motivating conservation. This however demands laying oneself open to possible criticism and being open to the possibility of transformation.
Ankle perturbation generates bilateral alteration of knee muscle onset times after unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Pincheira Patricio A. , Silvestre Rony , Armijo-Olivo Susan , Guzman-Venegas Rodrigo 
Published: July 2018

Background
The aim of this study was to compare muscle activation onset times of knee muscles between the involved and uninvolved knee of patients with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and the uninjured knees of healthy subjects after a controlled perturbation at the ankle level.

Methods
Fifty male amateur soccer players, 25 with unilateral ACLR using semitendinosus-gracilis graft (age = 28.36 ± 7.87 years; time after surgery = 9 ± 3 months) and 25 uninjured control subjects (age = 24.16 ± 2.67 years) participated in the study. Two destabilizing platforms (one for each limb) generated a controlled perturbation at the ankle of each participant (30°of inversion, 10°plantarflexion simultaneously) in a weight bearing condition. The muscle activation onset times of semitendinosus (ST) and vastus medialis (VM) was detected through an electromyographic (EMG) analysis to assess the neuromuscular function of knee muscles.

Results
Subjects with ACLR had significant delays in EMG onset in the involved (VM = 99.9 ± 30 ms; ST = 101.7 ± 28 ms) and uninvolved knee (VM = 100.4 ± 26 ms; ST = 104.7 ± 28 ms) when compared with the healthy subjects (VM = 69.1 ± 9 ms; ST = 74.6 ± 9 ms). However, no difference was found between involved and uninvolved knee of the ACLR group.

Discussion
The results show a bilateral alteration of knee muscles in EMG onset after a unilateral ACLR, responses that can be elicited with an ankle perturbation. This suggests an alteration in the central processing of proprioceptive information and/or central nervous system re-organization that may affect neuromuscular control of knee muscles in the involved and uninvolved lower limbs.
A comparative analysis of the complete chloroplast genome sequences of four peanut botanical varieties
Authors: Wang Juan , Li Chunjuan , Yan Caixia , Zhao Xiaobo , Shan Shihua 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundArachis hypogaeaL. is an economically important oilseed crop worldwide comprising six botanical varieties. In this work, we characterized the chloroplast (cp) genome sequences of the four widely distributed peanut varieties.MethodsThe cp genome data of these four botanical varieties (var.hypogaea, var.hirsuta, var.fastigiata, and var.vulgaris) were obtained by next-generation sequencing. These high-throughput sequencing reads were then assembled, annotated, and comparatively analyzed.ResultsThe total cp genome lengths of the studiedA. hypogaeavarieties were 156,354 bp (var.hypogaea), 156,878 bp (var.hirsuta), 156,718 bp (var.fastigiata), and 156,399 bp (var.vulgaris). Comparative analysis of theses cp genome sequences revealed that their gene content, gene order, and GC content were highly conserved, with only a total of 46 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 26 insertions/deletions identified. Most of the variations were restricted to non-coding sequences, especially, thetrnI-GAU intron region was detected to be highly variable and will be useful for future evolutionary studies.DiscussionThe four cp genome sequences acquired here will provide valuable genetic resources for distinguishingA. hypogaeabotanical varieties and determining their evolutionary relationship.
Wide‐Range Tuning and Enhancement of Organic Long‐Persistent Luminescence Using Emitter Dopants
Authors: Jinnai Kazuya , Kabe Ryota , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMost long‐persistent luminescent (LPL) materials, which slowly release energy absorbed from ambient light, are based on inorganic compounds. Organic long‐persistent luminescent (OLPL) systems have advantages over inorganic LPL materials in terms of solubility, transparency, and flexibility. Here, the characteristics of OLPL emission are improved by doping emitter molecules into an OLPL matrix. Greenish‐blue to red and even warm white emission are achieved by energy transfer from exciplex in the OLPL matrix to the emitter dopants. The dopants also improve brightness and emission duration through efficient radiative decay and the trapping of electrons, respectively. This technique will enable the development of a wide range of organic glow‐in‐the‐dark paints.
Flexible Timbo‐Like Triboelectric Nanogenerator as Self‐Powered Force and Bend Sensor for Wireless and Distributed Landslide Monitoring
Authors: Lin Zhiwei , He Qiang , Xiao Yang , Zhu Tao , Yang Jun , Sun Chenchen , Zhou Zhihao , Zhang Heng , Shen Ziying , Yang Jin , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAs worldwide landslides frequently result in enormous casualties and huge economic losses, new landslide monitoring technologies are urgently required to develop for preventing and mitigating landslide hazard. In this paper, a self‐powered, flexible, timbo‐like triboelectric force and bend sensor (TTEFBS) is proposed and implemented, with the aim of effectively monitoring landslides. The fabricated TTEFBS, based on a single‐electrode working mode, consists of a timbo‐like inner polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) core coated with a carbon electrode and an outer silicon rubber tube. Owing to the novel structure and sensing mechanism, the TTEFBS achieves high sensitivities (5.20 V N−1 under pressing and 1.61 V rad−1 under bending), fast response/relaxation time (<6 ms), and long‐term stability/reliability (more than 40 000 cycles). Furthermore, a wireless and distributed monitoring system using an array of TTEFBSs is developed for systematically detecting rockfalls, deep‐seated landslides, and superficial landslides. Additionally, a zigzag‐structured triboelectric nanogenerator (Z‐TENG), characterized by an open‐circuit voltage of ≈2058 V and a short‐circuit current of ≈154 µA, is successfully fabricated for scavenging energy from moving cars to provide power in wild environments, thereby forming a self‐powered monitoring system. This work may further inspire rapid progress of TENG in applications of wireless, distributed sensing, and environmental/infrastructure monitoring.
Bis‐Tridentate Iridium(III) Phosphors with Very High Photostability and Fabrication of Blue‐Emitting OLEDs
Authors: Kuo Hsin‐Hung , Zhu Ze‐lin , Lee Chun‐Sing , Chen Yi‐Kuang , Liu Shih‐Hung , Chou Pi‐Tai , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Chi Yun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSky‐blue and blue‐emitting, carbazolyl functionalized, bis‐tridentate Ir(III) phosphors Cz‐1–Cz‐3 with bright emission and short radiative lifetime are successfully synthesized in a one‐pot manner. They exhibit very high photostability against UV–vis irradiation in degassed toluene, versus both green and true‐blue‐emitting reference compounds, i.e., fac‐[Ir(ppy)3] and mer‐[Ir(pmp)3]. Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on Cz‐2 exhibit maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.6%, EQE of 15.1% at 100 cd m−2, and with CIEx,y coordinates of (0.17, 0.25). This study provides a conceptual solution to the exceedingly stable and efficient blue phosphor. It is promising that long lifespan blue OLED based on these emitters can be attained with further engineering of devices suitable for commercial application.
Atom‐Economical and Stereoselective Difunctionalization of Electron‐Withdrawing Alkynes with N‐Trifluoromethylthiophthalimide
Authors: Li Juncheng , Yang Zhiping , Guo Rui , Jin Ming Yu , Wang Jun (Joelle) 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn N‐methylmorpholine‐catalyzed aminotrifluoromethylthiolation of electron‐withdrawing alkynes leads to α,β‐unsaturated esters bearing a nitrogen and SCF3 groups. Here, N‐trifluoromethylthiophthalimide serves as both the nitrogen and the SCF3 source. This difunctionalization reaction features mild reaction conditions, high atom economy, good yield (up to 93%) and excellent stereoselectivity (Z/E up to 28 : 1). This study provides a versatile approach for the synthesis of −SCF3‐containing molecules (i. e. α‐SCF3‐β‐amino acids).
A survey on infection control in emergency departments in Japan
Authors: Kudo Daisuke , Sasaki Junichi , Ikeda Hiroto , Shiino Yasukazu , Shime Nobuaki , Mochizuki Toru , Morita Masanori , Soeda Hiroshi , Ohge Hiroki , Lee Jong Ja , Fujita Masahisa , Miyairi Isao , Kato Yasuyuki , Watanabe Manabu , Yokota Hiroyuki ,   Committee for Infection Control for the Emergency Department, the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine, and the joint working group
Published: July 2018

AimInfection control in the emergency department is important for hospital risk management; however, few clinical guidelines have been established. This study aimed to determine whether hospitals in Japan have infection control manuals, and investigate the contents of manuals, consulting systems, and isolation facilities for emergency departments.MethodsA total of 517 hospitals certified as educational institutions for board‐certified acute care physicians in Japan were requested between March and May 2015 to provide a written evaluation of the infection control in the emergency department.ResultsA total of 51 of 303 (16.8%) hospitals had no manuals regarding infection control in the emergency department. Among 250 hospitals having emergency department manuals, 115 (46.0%) did not include contents regarding disinfection and sterilization for imaging examination rooms, and only 44 (17.6%) had criteria for contacting the emergency medical service when patients are suspected of, or diagnosed with, communicable diseases. Of the 303 hospitals, 277 (91.4%) prepared specific manuals for the 2009 pandemic influenza. Of the 303 hospitals, 80 (26.4%) did not prepare manuals for the Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa in 2014. Furthermore, 92 (30.4%) of the 303 hospitals did not have any negative‐pressure isolation rooms.ConclusionsPractices and guidelines necessary for infection control in the emergency department were not sufficiently covered in the hospitals studied. Education, information sharing, and a checklist for preparing manuals are needed to establish better infection control systems in emergency departments.
Fabrication of Oligomeric Avidin Scaffolds for Valency‐Controlled Surface Display of Functional Ligands
Authors: Yoon Hye Ryeon , Choi Hyeongjoo , Choi Yoon‐Aa , Kim Jung A. , Jung Juyeon , Kim Ho Min , Jung Yongwon 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMultivalent surface display of biomolecules is crucial to study and utilize multivalent biological interactions. However, precise valency control of surface‐displayed ligands remains extremely difficult. Now a series of new oligomeric avidin proteins were fabricated that allow facile control of surface multivalency of biotinylated ligands. Naturally dimeric rhizavidin (RA) was engineered to form a mixture of oligomeric avidin assemblies, and discrete RA oligomers from the dimer to octamer of RA, were homogeneously prepared. These oligomeric avidins are in polygonal forms with expected numbers of stable biotin binding sites. Upon immobilization on low‐density biotin‐coated gold surfaces, RA dimer, trimer, and tetramer scaffolds provided accurate mean residual valencies of 2, 3, and 4, respectively, for biotinylated proteins. Valency‐controlled display of antibody binding protein G on these RA surfaces showed clear valency‐dependent enhancement of antibody capturing stability.
Coupling of Methanol and Carbon Monoxide over H‐ZSM‐5 to Form Aromatics
Authors: Chen Zhiyang , Ni Youming , Zhi Yuchun , Wen Fuli , Zhou Ziqiao , Wei Yingxu , Zhu Wenliang , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe conversion of methanol into aromatics over unmodified H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite is generally not high because the hydrogen transfer reaction results in alkane formation. Now circa 80 % aromatics selectivity for the coupling reaction of methanol and carbon monoxide over H‐ZSM‐5 is reported. Carbonyl compounds and methyl‐2‐cyclopenten‐1‐ones (MCPOs), which were detected in the products and catalysts, respectively, are considered as intermediates. The latter species can be synthesized from the former species and olefins. 13C isotope tracing and 13C liquid‐state NMR results confirmed that the carbon atoms of CO molecules were incorporated into MCPOs and aromatic rings. A new aromatization mechanism that involves the formation of the above intermediates and co‐occurs with a dramatically decreased hydrogen transfer reaction is proposed. A portion of the carbons in CO molecules are incorporated into aromatic, which is of great significance for industrial applications.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel polyurethane curing agent modified by a diazafluorene derivative
Authors: Zhou Shaoling , Liang Yu , Chen Kaifeng , Qi Haixia , Zhang Shuai , Chen Zhijie , Wu Xinhua , Shao Yanqun 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, we synthesized a novel polyurethane (PU) curing agent (CA) modified by the diazafluorene derivative, 9,9′‐di(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐9‐1H‐4,5‐diazafluorene, at different hydroxyl ratios. The results of1H‐NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proved the structure of the fluorine derivative and the modification of CAs. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the glass‐transition temperature of the PU increased with the addition of the diazafluorene derivative, and the PU cured in the novel CA had more stable and better damping properties under moderate‐temperature conditions (30–80 °C) than the PU cured in the N75 CA. Tan δ was maintained in a relatively lower range shift in the moderate‐temperature range. The average adhesion values of the PU coating cured in the novel CA increased. The scanning electron microscopy morphologies of the PU film and the average adhesion of the coatings showed that the PU cured in the novel CA had good mechanical properties. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46591.
Highly transparent thermoresponsive surfaces based on tea‐stain‐inspired chemistry
Authors: Dong Fuxin , Li Yue , Yuan Xiaohua , Wang Ping , Yang Junjie , Miao Lei 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTA highly transparent thermoresponsive surface that could switch its wettability at different temperatures was constructed via tea‐stain‐inspired chemistry. The pristine tannic acid was modified by alkyl bromide with a substitution degree of 1.7 alkyl bromide units per tannic acid molecule. A coating of the alkyl bromine modified tannic acid with a thickness of 22 ± 3 nm was deposited onto the surface of glass via auto‐oxidation. A poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) brush was grafted from the alkyl bromide initiator via surface initiation atom transfer radical polymerization with a polymer grafting density of 8.6 × 10−3 mg/cm2. Due to the low thickness of the tannic acid and PNIPAAm coating, the transparency of this thermoresponsive surface remained constant at 94.3% even when the temperature was changed from 20 to 40 °C, but the water contact angle of this surface increased rapidly when the temperature was elevated from 25 to 35 °C. Due to the inevitable hydrolysis and deprotonation, this tea‐stain‐inspired chemistry‐based coating was stable in aqueous solution with a pH of 7 or isopropanol for soaking times of up to 24 h. The coating reported here may have various potential applications such as surfaces for cell culture media, food storage, or self‐cleaning materials. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46694.