bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different drying methods on quality attributes of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) slices
Authors: Hamid Manhal Gobara , Mohamed Nour Abdel Azim Ahmed 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of different drying methods on quality attributes of beetroot slices.

Design/methodology/approach
Three drying methods (sun, oven and freeze-drying) were applied to dry fresh slices of beetroot cultivar (Beta vulgaris). The chemical composition, minerals, nitrate, betalains, total phenolic, total flavonoid and color were measured for fresh and dried slices.

Findings
The chemical composition, minerals, nitrate, bioactive compounds and color were measured for fresh and dried slices. Regardless of the drying method, the results showed that the chemical composition, total energy, minerals and nitrate of the dried slices were significantly (p=0.05) increased compared to that of fresh slices. Sun and oven drying of the slices significantly (p=0.05) reduced total betalain and betacynin. However, betaxanthin was significantly (p=0.05) increased. Total phenolics content of fresh beetroot was significantly (p=0.05) increased after sun and oven drying but total flavonoids were decreased. The 2,2,-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) of fresh beetroot was increased significantly (p=0.05) after sun and oven drying. The measurement of the color of the powder showed that there is a decrease in lightness (L) depending on the drying method applied. A maximum reduction in lightness was observed in powder of sun-dried slices. The color of the powder obtained from freeze-dried slices was stable compared to other drying methods.

Practical implications
Beetroot is a rich source of nutrients but with short shelf life. Dried beetroot has more keeping quality than the fresh one.

Originality/value
The study uses beetroot as a rich source of nutrients as well as natural antioxidant source. Betalain compounds are preserved in beetroot and a high source of phenolics and flavonoids. Flavonoids are a group of phenolic products of plant metabolism with high antioxidant properties to protect against diseases without side effects.
The role of rural libraries in preserving the indigenous knowledge of rural residents
Authors: Forutnani Solmaz , Nowkarizi Mohsen , Kiani Mohammad Reza , Mokhtari Aski Hamid Reza 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential or actual role of rural libraries in preserving indigenous knowledge (IK) of the rural residents in South Khorasan province.Design/methodology/approachThe study, based on a qualitative research, was carried out by employing the grounded theory method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews from the research sample population which included 20 rural males, 10 rural females, 8 librarians and 3 well-informed regional IK specialists. The validity of the research was confirmed by peer evaluation, compounded by detailed thorough explanations and external reviewers’ reaffirmations.FindingsThe rural residents of the South Khorasan villages across the province, after having realized the vitality of carrying out this project, were fully motivated and cooperative to provide indigenous knowledge. On the basis of the results from the rural libraries, due to being the solitary knowledge center in the area, these libraries could actively participate in preserving the knowledge and contribute toward the documentation of the indigenous knowledge. This required motivating librarians and increasing their professional, technical, research and verbal skills. The results of the study indicated that, even if the rural libraries of the South Khorasan province did not participate in documentation, preservation, and promotion of the IK and opt for the present form of non-participation, due to their inherent nature, they could become a focal point and play an indispensable role in achieving the objectives by aiding and leading the process at country level and become a focal point for the new generations of rural inhabitants to enlighten themselves and become fully aware of the value of the ancestral knowledge.Originality/valueHitherto, none of the researchers in Iran has covered the role of the libraries in general and rural libraries in particular in preserving the indigenous knowledge.
Anticipating fire‐mediated impacts of climate change using a demographic framework
Authors: Davis Kimberley T. , Higuera Philip E. , Sala Anna 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Climate change indirectly affects forest ecosystems through changes in the frequency, size, and/or severity of wildfires. In addition to its direct effects prior to fire, climate also influences immediate postfire recruitment, with consequences for future vegetation structure and fire activity. A major uncertainty, therefore, is if, when and where vegetation shifts will occur.

With an emphasis on species traits, we use a demographic framework to examine how the interaction of changing climate and fire will affect postfire woody vegetation recruitment and the likelihood of vegetation shifts. Each demographic stage – adult mortality, propagule availability, seed germination, seedling establishment, and seedling survival – serves as a filter through which a species must pass for establishment and recovery to occur.

We apply this framework to case studies in western North American forests, including boreal and southwestern U.S. Pinus ponderosa forests, to help understand the mechanisms behind recent postfire vegetation changes. The case studies highlight how changes in climate and fire properties will make it increasingly difficult for some species to pass through each demographic filter in the future.

As climate warming continues, we expect increased dominance of species that resprout following fire, maintain canopy or soil seed banks, have long distance seed dispersal, produce drought‐tolerant seedlings, and/or reach reproductive maturity quickly. The persistence of postfire vegetation shifts will depend the on ratio of recovery time to disturbance interval(s).

An advantage of the demographic‐filter framework is that it places emphasis on mechanisms, thus improving our ability to anticipate future vegetation shifts. As such, it highlights the clear need for more mechanistic studies of postfire recruitment to disentangle the relative effects of multiple drivers in postfire environments.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Higher rates of prebreeding condition gain positively impacts clutch size: A mechanistic test of the condition‐dependent individual optimization model
Authors: Hennin Holly L. , Dey Cody J. , Bêty Joël , Gilchrist H. Grant , Legagneux Pierre , Williams Tony D. , Love Oliver P. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

A combination of timing of and body condition (i.e., mass) at arrival on the breeding grounds interact to influence the optimal combination of the timing of reproduction and clutch size in migratory species. This relationship has been formalized by Rowe et al. in a condition‐dependent individual optimization model (American Naturalist, 1994, 143, 689‐722), which has been empirically tested and validated in avian species with a capital‐based breeding strategy.

This model makes a key, but currently untested prediction; that variation in the rate of body condition gain will shift the optimal combination of laying date and clutch size. This prediction is essential because it implies that individuals can compensate for the challenges associated with late timing of arrival or poor body condition at arrival on the breeding grounds through adjustment of their life history investment decisions, in an attempt to maximize fitness.

Using an 11‐year data set in arctic‐nesting common eiders (Somateria mollissima), quantification of fattening rates using plasma triglycerides (an energetic metabolite), and a path analysis approach, we test this prediction of this optimization model; controlling for arrival date and body condition, females that fatten more quickly will adjust the optimal combination of lay date and clutch size, in favour of a larger clutch size.

As predicted, females fattening at higher rates initiated clutches earlier and produced larger clutch sizes, indicating that fattening rate is an important factor in addition to arrival date and body condition in predicting individual variation in reproductive investment. However, there was no direct effect of fattening rate on clutch size (i.e., birds laying on the same date had similar clutch sizes, independent of their fattening rate). Instead, fattening rate indirectly affected clutch size via earlier lay dates, thus not supporting the original predictions of the optimization model.

Our results demonstrate that variation in the rate of condition gain allows individuals to shift flexibly along the seasonal decline in clutch size to presumably optimize the combination of laying date and clutch size.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Subordinate females in the cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler obtain direct benefits by joining unrelated groups
Authors: Groenewoud Frank , Kingma Sjouke A. , Hammers Martijn , Dugdale Hannah L. , Burke Terry , Richardson David S. , Komdeur Jan 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

In many cooperatively breeding animals, a combination of ecological constraints and benefits of philopatry favours offspring taking a subordinate position on the natal territory instead of dispersing to breed independently. However, in many species individuals disperse to a subordinate position in a non‐natal group (“subordinate between‐group” dispersal), despite losing the kin‐selected and nepotistic benefits of remaining in the natal group. It is unclear which social, genetic and ecological factors drive between‐group dispersal.

We aim to elucidate the adaptive significance of subordinate between‐group dispersal by examining which factors promote such dispersal, whether subordinates gain improved ecological and social conditions by joining a non‐natal group, and whether between‐group dispersal results in increased lifetime reproductive success and survival.

Using a long‐term dataset on the cooperatively breeding Seychelles warbler (Acrocephalus sechellensis), we investigated how a suite of proximate factors (food availability, group composition, age and sex of focal individuals, population density) promote subordinate between‐group dispersal by comparing such dispersers with subordinates that dispersed to a dominant position or became floaters. We then analysed whether subordinates that moved to a dominant or non‐natal subordinate position, or became floaters, gained improved conditions relative to the natal territory and compared fitness components between the three dispersal strategies.

We show that individuals that joined another group as non‐natal subordinates were mainly female and that, similar to floating, between‐group dispersal was associated with social and demographic factors that constrained dispersal to an independent breeding position. Between‐group dispersal was not driven by improved ecological or social conditions in the new territory and did not result in higher survival. Instead, between‐group dispersing females often became cobreeders, obtaining maternity in the new territory, and were likely to inherit the territory in the future, leading to higher lifetime reproductive success compared to females that floated. Males never reproduced as subordinates, which may be one explanation why subordinate between‐group dispersal by males is rare.

Our results suggest that subordinate between‐group dispersal is used by females to obtain reproductive benefits when options to disperse to an independent breeding position are limited. This provides important insight into the additional strategies that individuals can use to obtain reproductive benefits.
Technology‐enhanced writing therapy for people with aphasia: results of a quasi‐randomized waitlist controlled study
Authors: Marshall Jane , Caute Anna , Chadd Katie , Cruice Madeline , Monnelly Katie , Wilson Stephanie , Woolf Celia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundAcquired writing impairment, or dysgraphia, is common in aphasia. It affects both handwriting and typing, and may recover less well than other aphasic symptoms. Dysgraphia is an increasing priority for intervention, particularly for those wishing to participate in online written communication. Effective dysgraphia treatment studies have been reported, but many did not target, or did not achieve, improvements in functional writing. Functional outcomes might be promoted by therapies that exploit digital technologies, such as voice recognition and word prediction software.AimsThis study evaluated the benefits of technology‐enhanced writing therapy for people with acquired dysgraphia. It aimed to explore the impact of therapy on a functional writing activity, and to examine whether treatment remediated or compensated for the writing impairment. The primary question was: Does therapy improve performance on a functional assessment of writing; and, if so, do gains occur only when writing is assisted by technology? Secondary measures examined whether therapy improved unassisted written naming, functional communication, mood and quality of life.Methods & ProceduresThe study employed a quasi‐randomized waitlist controlled design. A total of 21 people with dysgraphia received 12 h of writing therapy either immediately or after a 6‐week delay. The primary outcome measure was a functional assessment of writing, which was administered in handwriting and on a computer with assistive technology enabled. Secondary measures were: The Boston Naming Test (written version), Communication Activities of Daily Living—2, Visual Analogue Mood Scales (Sad question), and the Assessment of Living with Aphasia. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine change on the outcome measures over two time points, between which the immediate group had received therapy but the delayed group had not. Pre‐therapy, post‐therapy and follow‐up scores on the measures were also examined for all participants.Outcomes & ResultsTime × group interactions in the ANOVA analyses showed that therapy improved performance on the functional writing assessment. Further interactions with condition showed that gains occurred only when writing was assisted by technology. There were no significant interactions in the analyses of the secondary outcome measures. A treatment effect on these measures was therefore unconfirmed.Conclusions & ImplicationsThis study showed that 21 people with dysgraphia improved on a functional writing measure following therapy using assistive technology. The results suggest that treatment compensated for, rather than remediated, the impairment, given that unassisted writing did not change. Further studies of technology‐enhanced writing therapy are warranted.
Electron acceptor availability alters carbon and energy metabolism in a thermoacidophile
Authors: Amenabar Maximiliano J. , Colman Daniel R. , Poudel Saroj , Roden Eric E. , Boyd Eric S. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe thermoacidophilic Acidianus strain DS80 displays versatility in its energy metabolism and can grow autotrophically and heterotrophically with elemental sulfur (S°), ferric iron (Fe3+) or oxygen (O2) as electron acceptors. Here, we show that autotrophic and heterotrophic growth with S° as the electron acceptor is obligately dependent on hydrogen (H2) as electron donor; organic substrates such as acetate can only serve as a carbon source. In contrast, organic substrates such as acetate can serve as electron donor and carbon source for Fe3+ or O2 grown cells. During growth on S° or Fe3+ with H2 as an electron donor, the amount of CO2 assimilated into biomass decreased when cultures were provided with acetate. The addition of CO2 to cultures decreased the amount of acetate mineralized and assimilated and increased cell production in H2/Fe3+ grown cells but had no effect on H2/S° grown cells. In acetate/Fe3+ grown cells, the presence of H2 decreased the amount of acetate mineralized as CO2 in cultures compared to those without H2. These results indicate that electron acceptor availability constrains the variety of carbon sources used by this strain. Addition of H2 to cultures overcomes this limitation and alters heterotrophic metabolism.
Fecal Clostridiales distribution and short‐chain fatty acids reflect bowel habits in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Gargari Giorgio , Taverniti Valentina , Gardana Claudio , Cremon Cesare , Canducci Filippo , Pagano Isabella , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Bellacosa Lara , Castellazzi Anna Maria , Valsecchi Chiara , Tagliacarne Sara Carlotta , Bellini Massimo , Bertani Lorenzo , Gambaccini Dario , Marchi Santino , Cicala Michele , Germanà Bastianello , Dal Pont Elisabetta , Vecchi Maurizio , Ogliari Cristina , Fiore Walter , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Barbara Giovanni , Guglielmetti Simone 
Published: May 2018

SummaryIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common functional gastrointestinal disorder, is classified according to bowel habits as IBS with constipation (IBS‐C), with diarrhea (IBS‐D), with alternating constipation and diarrhea (IBS‐M), and unsubtyped (IBS‐U). The mechanisms leading to the different IBS forms are mostly unknown. This study aims to evaluate whether specific fecal bacterial taxa and/or short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can be used to distinguish IBS subtypes and are relevant for explaining the clinical differences between IBS subcategories. We characterized five fecal samples collected at 4‐weeks intervals from 40 IBS patients by 16S rRNA gene profiling and SCFA quantification. Finally, we investigated the potential correlations in IBS subtypes between the fecal microbial signatures and host physiological and clinical parameters. We found significant differences in the distribution of Clostridiales OTUs among IBS subtypes and reduced levels of SCFAs in IBS‐C compared to IBS‐U and IBS‐D patients. Correlation analyses showed that the diverse representation of Clostridiales OTUs between IBS subtypes was associated with altered levels of SCFAs; furthermore, the same OTUs and SCFAs were associated with the fecal cytokine levels and stool consistency. Our results suggest that intestinal Clostridiales and SCFAs might serve as potential mechanistic biomarkers of IBS subtypes and represent therapeutic targets.
What methods of scoring young children's spelling best predict later spelling performance?
Authors: Treiman Rebecca , Kessler Brett , Caravolas Markéta 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundChildren's spellings are often scored as correct or incorrect, but other measures may be better predictors of later spelling performance.MethodWe examined seven measures of spelling in Reception Year and Year 1 (5–6 years old) as predictors of performance on a standardised spelling test in Year 2 (age 7).ResultsCorrectness was the best predictor of later spelling by the middle of Year 1, and it significantly outperformed a binary measure of phonological plausibility at the end of Reception Year. Nonbinary measures based on Levenshtein distance were significant predictors of later spelling in the middle of Reception Year and in children who produced no correct spellings. Some widely used scales performed less well with children who did not yet produce any correct spellings.ConclusionsNonbinary measures of spelling performance can predict later spelling performance but for a more restricted period than anticipated based on many theories.
Aqua vitae, aqua permanens: dreaming, drowning, swimming and surfing in analysis
Authors: Mathew Marilyn 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn response to the question ‘Who is My Jung?’, this paper describes the profound personal impact of Jung's creative / artistic approach to the unconscious, beginning with my discovery of The Red Book at the age of twelve. Echoing the flow of my own dream‐life, I trace the course of two analyses through the alchemical process of solutio, which began with numinous dreams of tidal waves and plunged us into inter‐ and intra‐psychic analytic relationships that evoked vestigial memories of our first aquatic world in utero.
Jung and Mr. Punch as mythologems
Authors: Mathers Dale 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper explores how we can make our own mythological version of ‘Jung’ say whatever we want. Excessive veneration gets in the way of his theories being allowed to stand on their own. Understanding ‘Jung’ as a mythologem provides a way out of this intoxication with identification by letting us recollect and re‐connect to the Collective Unconscious.
Living in Two Worlds. How ‘Jungian’ am I?
Authors: Morgan Helen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAs a so‐called ‘Developmental Jungian’ the author of this paper was raised bilingual ‐ speaking both psychoanalytic and Jungian languages. Early on in her training an analysand brought a dream which seemed to capture an inherent tension regarding the analyst's role in the analytic relationship. The paper is a personal exploration of the potentially creative nature of this tension through focussing on the dream and the work with the dreamer.
Who is my Jung? A personal and symbolic history
Authors: Fitzgerald Jim 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIdentifying the reality of Jung in my life requires first of all a historical examination. How Jung first came into my life through my reading a book by P.W.Martin, Experiment in Depth, stands as a metaphor for the conscious unravelling of psychological development. His further appearance in a sequence of dreams demonstrated the significance of both the instinctual and the numinous in Jung's life and in my personal individuation. Finally, through a consideration of light and shadow, particularly in two photographs of Jung, a conclusion is reached that individuation requires an integration of shadow in the personality, in order to achieve wholeness, not perfection.
Paradoxical affinities: otherness and ambivalence as creative pathways
Authors: Wiener Jan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractReferring to her own background as the child of Jewish refugees forced to leave their countries of origin before the second World War, the author describes how her attitude towards Jung and his ideas has evolved. The role of paradoxical affinities that have affected the author's life and identity as a Jungian analyst are considered, alongside the impact of experiences of otherness whilst supervising and teaching abroad, particularly in Eastern Europe.
High turnover of faecal microbiome from algal feedstock experimental manipulations in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Simons Ariel Levi , Churches Nathan , Nuzhdin Sergey 
Published: May 2018

SummaryThe composition of digestive microbiomes is known to be a significant factor in the health of a variety of hosts, including animal livestock. Therefore, it is important to ascertain how readily the microbiome can be significantly altered. To this end, the role of changing diet on the digestive microbiome of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) was assessed via weekly faecal sampling. Over the course of 12 weeks, isolated individual oysters were fed either a control diet of Tetraselmis algae (Tet) or a treatment diet which shifted in composition every 4 weeks. Weekly faecal samples from all oysters were taken to characterize their digestive bacterial microbiota. Concurrent weekly sampling of the algal feed cultures was performed to assess the effect of algal microbiomes, independent of the algal type, on the microbiomes observed in the oyster samples. Changing the algal feed was found to be significantly associated with changes in the faecal microbiome over a timescale of weeks between control and treatment groups. No significant differences between individual microbiomes were found within control and treatment groups. This suggests the digestive microbiome of the Pacific oyster can be quickly and reproducibly manipulated.