bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oxidation and Combustion Properties of Gas Atomized Aluminum−Boron−Europium Alloy Powders
Authors: Wang Wei , Zou Hui , Cai Shuizhou 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, the Aluminum−boron−europium ternary alloy fuels with boron content of 1.5∼4.85 wt. % and europium content of 3 wt. % were prepared by the close‐coupled gas atomization. XRD, SEM, TG‐DTA and oxygen bomb test were used to analyze the phase constituents, morphology, thermal oxidation behavior and combustion exothermic property of powders, respectively. The functions of boron and europium on the combustion of metal fuels were studied, and a reasonable oxidation model of the alloy particles was proposed. The results show that there are Al, AlB2, Al4Eu and B6Eu in the alloy. When the europium content is constant, the combustion enthalpy of the Al−B−Eu alloy powder firstly increases and then decreases as the boron content increases. Additionally, at oxygen pressure of 3.0 MPa, the Al−3.5B−3Eu ternary alloy powder burned completely with the maximum combustion enthalpy of 33324.5 J g−1. This increases by 11 % compared with theoretical combustion enthalpy of aluminum powder (31.1 kJ g−1). Al−3.5B−3Eu undergoes a dramatic oxidation exothermal phenomenon at 1110 °C with the weight increase efficiency of 53.66 %, which is 1.7 times that of aluminum. Due to the synergistic effects between the phase of B6Eu and AlB2 inside the alloy particles, the Al−3.5B−3Eu alloy powder shows excellent exothermic performance.
A homogeneity property of discrete‐time systems: Stability and convergence rates
Authors: Sanchez Tonametl , Efimov Denis , Polyakov Andrey , Moreno Jaime A. , Perruquetti Wilfrid 
Published: February 2019

SummaryA new definition of homogeneity for discrete‐time systems is introduced. As in the continuous‐time case, the property can be verified algebraically in the transition map of the system, and it implies that a dilation of the initial conditions leads to a scaling of the trajectory. Stability properties and convergence rates of the system's solutions can be established by considering only the homogeneity degree. The existence of homogeneous Lyapunov and Lyapunov‐like functions is proven.
Engagement in science through citizen science: Moving beyond data collection
Authors: Phillips Tina B. , Ballard Heidi L. , Lewenstein Bruce V. , Bonney Rick 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo date, most studies of citizen science engagement focus on quantifiable measures related to the contribution of data or other output measures. Few studies have attempted to qualitatively characterize citizen science engagement across multiple projects and from the perspective of the participants. Building on pertinent literature and sociocultural learning theories, this study operationalizes engagement in citizen science through an analysis of interviews of 72 participants from six different environmentally based projects. We document engagement in citizen science through an examination of cognitive, affective, social, behavioral, and motivational dimensions. We assert that engagement in citizen science is enhanced by acknowledging these multiple dimensions and creating opportunities for volunteers to find personal relevance in their work with scientists. A Dimensions of Engagement framework is presented that can facilitate the innovation of new questions and methodologies for studying engagement in citizen science and other forms of informal science education.
Recent Advances in the Development of Water Oxidation Electrocatalysts at Mild pH
Authors: Li Peipei , Zhao Runbo , Chen Hongyu , Wang Huanbo , Wei Peipei , Huang Hong , Liu Qian , Li Tingshuai , Shi Xifeng , Zhang Youyu , Liu Meiling , Sun Xuping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeveloping anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts with high catalytic activities is of great importance for effective water splitting. Compared with the water‐oxidation electrocatalysts that are commonly utilized in alkaline conditions, the ones operating efficiently under neutral or near neutral conditions are more environmentally friendly with less corrosion issues. This review starts with a brief introduction of OER, the importance of OER in mild‐pH media, as well as the fundamentals and performance parameters of OER electrocatalysts. Then, recent progress of the rational design of electrocatalysts for OER in mild‐pH conditions is discussed. The chemical structures or components, synthetic approaches, and catalytic performances of the OER catalysts will be reviewed. Some interesting insights into the catalytic mechanism are also included and discussed. It concludes with a brief outlook on the possible remaining challenges and future trends of neutral or near‐neutral OER electrocatalysts. It hopefully provides the readers with a distinct perspective of the history, present, and future of OER electrocatalysts at mild conditions.
Energy‐Converting Nanomedicine
Authors: Xiang Huijing , Chen Yu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSerious side effects to surrounding normal tissues and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficacy hamper the further clinic applications of conventional cancer‐therapeutic strategies, such as chemotherapy and surgery. The fast development of nanotechnology provides unprecedented superiorities for cancer therapeutics. Externally activatable therapeutic modalities mediated by nanomaterials, relying on highly effective energy transformation to release therapeutic elements/effects (cytotoxic reactive oxygen species, thermal effect, photoelectric effect, Compton effect, cavitation effect, mechanical effect or chemotherapeutic drug) for cancer therapies, categorized and termed as “energy‐converting nanomedicine,” have arouse considerable concern due to their noninvasiveness, desirable tissue‐penetration depth, and accurate modulation of therapeutic dose. This review summarizes the recent advances in the engineering of intelligent functional nanotherapeutics for energy‐converting nanomedicine, including photo‐based, radiation‐based, ultrasound‐based, magnetic field‐based, microwave‐based, electric field‐based, and radiofrequency‐based nanomedicines, which are enabled by external stimuli (light, radiation, ultrasound, magnetic field, microwave, electric field, and radiofrequency). Furthermore, biosafety issues of energy‐converting nanomedicine related to future clinical translation are also addressed. Finally, the potential challenges and prospects of energy‐converting nanomedicine for future clinical translation are discussed.
Recent Progress in Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: toward High‐Power Applications
Authors: Pu Xiangjun , Wang Huiming , Zhao Dong , Yang Hanxi , Ai Xinping , Cao Shunan , Chen Zhongxue , Cao Yuliang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe increasing demands for renewable energy to substitute traditional fossil fuels and related large‐scale energy storage systems (EES) drive developments in battery technology and applications today. The lithium‐ion battery (LIB), the trendsetter of rechargeable batteries, has dominated the market for portable electronics and electric vehicles and is seeking a participant opportunity in the grid‐scale battery market. However, there has been a growing concern regarding the cost and resource availability of lithium. The sodium‐ion battery (SIB) is regarded as an ideal battery choice for grid‐scale EES owing to its similar electrochemistry to the LIB and the crust abundance of Na resources. Because of the participation in frequency regulation, high pulse‐power capability is essential for the implanted SIBs in EES. Herein, a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the exploration of high‐power cathode and anode materials for SIB is presented, and deep understanding of the inherent host structure, sodium storage mechanism, Na+ diffusion kinetics, together with promising strategies to promote the rate performance is provided. This work may shed light on the classification and screening of alternative high rate electrode materials and provide guidance for the design and application of high power SIBs in the future.
Scalable Production of Nanographene and Doping via Nondestructive Covalent Functionalization
Authors: Guday Guy , Donskyi Ievgen S. , Gholami Mohammad Fardin , Algara‐Siller Gerardo , Witte Felix , Lippitz Andreas , Unger Wolfgang E. S. , Paulus Beate , Rabe Jürgen P. , Adeli Mohsen , Haag Rainer 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA new method for top‐down, one‐pot, gram‐scale production of high quality nanographene by incubating graphite in a dilute sodium hypochlorite solution at only 40 °C is reported here. The produced sheets have only 4 at% oxygen content, comparable with nanographene grown by chemical vapor deposition. The nanographene sheets are covalently functionalized using a nondestructive nitrene [2+1] cycloaddition reaction that preserves their π‐conjugated system. Statistical analyses of Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate a low number of sp3 carbon atoms on the order of 2% before and 4% after covalent functionalization. The nanographene sheets are significantly more conductive than conventionally prepared nanographene oxide, and conductivity further increases after covalent functionalization. The observed doping effects and theoretical studies suggest sp2 hybridization for the carbon atoms involved in the [2+1] cycloaddition reaction leading to preservation of the π‐conjugated system and enhancing conductivity via n‐type doping through the bridging N‐atom. These methods are easily scalable, which opens the door to a mild and efficient process to produce high quality nanographenes and covalently functionalize them while retaining or improving their physicochemical properties.
Machine learning in cybersecurity: A review
Authors: Handa Anand , Sharma Ashu , Shukla Sandeep K. 
Published: February 2019

Machine learning technology has become mainstream in a large number of domains, and cybersecurity applications of machine learning techniques are plenty. Examples include malware analysis, especially for zero‐day malware detection, threat analysis, anomaly based intrusion detection of prevalent attacks on critical infrastructures, and many others. Due to the ineffectiveness of signature‐based methods in detecting zero day attacks or even slight variants of known attacks, machine learning‐based detection is being used by researchers in many cybersecurity products. In this review, we discuss several areas of cybersecurity where machine learning is used as a tool. We also provide a few glimpses of adversarial attacks on machine learning algorithms to manipulate training and test data of classifiers, to render such tools ineffective.This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Science and TechnologyTechnologies > Machine LearningTechnologies > ClassificationApplication Areas > Data Mining Software Tools
Splicing and cancer: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Coltri Patricia P. , dos Santos Maria G.P. , da Silva Guilherme H.G. 
Published: February 2019

Cancer arises from alterations in several metabolic processes affecting proliferation, growth, replication and death of cells. A fundamental challenge in the study of cancer biology is to uncover molecular mechanisms that lead to malignant cellular transformation. Recent genomic analyses revealed that many molecular alterations observed in cancers come from modifications in the splicing process, including mutations in pre‐mRNA regulatory sequences, mutations in spliceosome components, and altered ratio of specific splicing regulators. While alterations in splice site preferences might generate alternative isoforms enabling different biological functions, these might also be responsible for nonfunctional isoforms that can eventually cause dysregulation in cellular processes. Molecular characteristics of regulatory sequences and proteins might also be important prognostic tools revealing a cancer‐specific splicing pattern and linking splicing control to cancer development. The connection between cancer biology and splicing regulation is of primary importance to understand the mechanisms leading to disease and also to improve development of therapeutic approaches. Splicing modulation is being explored in new anti‐cancer therapies and further investigation of targeted splicing factors is critical for the success of these strategies.This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA‐Based Catalysis > RNA Catalysis in Splicing and Translation
RNA Processing > Splicing Regulation/Alternative Splicing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Micro-affirmations and Recovery for Persons with Mental Health and Alcohol and Drug Problems: User and Professional Experience-Based Practice and Knowledge
Authors: Topor Alain , von Greiff Ninive , Skogens Lisa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRecurrent factors contributing to a recovery process from co-occurring mental health and addiction problems mentioned by users and professionals have been analyzed as part of working alliances and helpful relationships. Still, we lack knowledge about how helpful relationships are developed in daily practice. In this article, we focus on the concrete construction of professional helpful relationships. Forty persons in recovery and fifteen professionals were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed according to thematic analysis, resulting in three themes presented as paradoxes (1) My own decision, but with the help of others; (2) The need for structures and going beyond them; and (3) Small trivial things of great importance. Micro-affirmations have a central role in creating helpful relationships by confirming the individuals involved as more than solely users or professionals. More attention and appreciation should be paid to practices involving micro-affirmations.
Geophysical Investigation to Prevent Landslide in a Lignite Mine, India
Authors: Rai S. N. , Thiagarajan S. , Kumar Dewashish 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Land slide in an opencast mine is a common phenomenon. It not only obstructs the mining operation but also incurs heavy economic losses as a cost of the removal of debris to facilitate mining work. Often, it also leads to the loss of valuable human lives. This problem is attributed mainly due to groundwater movement within the mines. Most suitable solution to this problem lies in the delineation of potential groundwater zones in order to pumping out groundwater to keep the sub-surface geological formations in almost dry land slide zone. Tadkeshwar lignite mine, located in Surat district of Gujarat state, India is one such mine which is facing land slide problem because of movement of groundwater in a segment of the mine. This paper describes the results of electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) carried out in the mine lease area to locate groundwater potential zones. These results are then used for the selection of suitable sites to drill bore wells for dewatering in and around land slide zone in order to prevent landslide.
3D Inversion of Audio Magnetotelluric Data for Sulphide Mineralization over Dhanjori Basin
Authors: Singh Roshan Kumar , Gupta Ashok K. , Maurya Ved P. , Singh S. , Shalivahan  
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Quartz-pebble conglomerate (QPC) in the Dhanjori basin, a rifted greenstone belt, is known for its gold mineralization. Audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) soundings have been acquired for 32 sites spread in grid fashion for frequency 10kHz to 10 Hz along four parallel profiles. Due to noise conditions in the data only 26 sites have been used for further studies. The site spacing between adjacent AMT sites were ~250 m. The grid spreads over QPCD and Mayurbhang Granite (MG) of rocks. The dimensionality and the directionality analysis hinted towards a complex structure which tempted to perform a 3D inversion of AMT data for full impedance data. To obtain the optimum value of initial uniform half space resistivity, 3D inversion of off-diagonal component of inversion data was performed with various values of resistivity. The optimized value of resistivity was then used to perform 3D inversion for full impedance component with different set of error floor for the impedance component. The final 3D model showed the presence of a continuous conducting feature all along the three profile. Whereas, the southernmost profile showed three well developed conductors. The model corroborates well with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) sections and GSI borehole which lies within the same geological domain. The borehole intercepted sulphide mineralization with varying concentration from the near surface to ~ 100m. The near surface conducting heterogeneity thus is attributed to sulphide mineralization.
Preventability of hospital onset bacteremia and fungemia: A pilot study of a potential healthcare-associated infection outcome measure
Authors: Dantes Raymund B. , Rock Clare , Milstone Aaron M. , Jacob Jesse T. , Chernetsky-Tejedor Sheri , Harris Anthony D. , Leekha Surbhi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB), a potential measure of healthcare-associated infections, was evaluated in a pilot study among 60 patients across 3 hospitals. Two-thirds of all HOB events and half of nonskin commensal HOB events were judged as potentially preventable. Follow-up studies are needed to further develop this measure.
The prescient power of indifference
Authors: Wapner Leonard M. 
Published: February 2019

Many a secret that cannot be pried out by curiosity can be drawn out by indifference.Sidney J. HarrisLack of information is generally considered a hindrance to inquiry. Surprisingly, a simple mathematical argument, relying on the Principle of Indifference, shows there are situations where the opposite holds. Even more surprisingly, this indifference allows one to guess, with a success rate greater than 50%, the outcome of a coin toss or any other experiment having two equiprobable outcomes. The scheme is based on work by American statistician David Blackwell (1919–2010) and a principle of mathematical probability attributed to Swiss mathematician Jakob Bernoulli (1655–1705).
Enterprise risk management in integrated crop-livestock systems: a method proposition
Authors: Faria Corrêa R. G. , Kliemann Neto F. J. , Souza J. S. , Lampert V. N. , Barcellos J. O. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntegrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) are currently promoted agricultural production systems that aim to use better resources through production integration and intensification. While this system reduces some risks, it adds complexity and new risks to businesses due to interdependence between the agricultural modules. To deal with these issues, integrated risk management is required to reduce the effects of risks and to take advantage of the opportunities of an ICLS. Generically, enterprise risk management (ERM) meets this need by proposing comprehensive and coherent risk management, instead of managing agricultural module risks individually. However, there is a need to customize the ERM approach to ICLS. Therefore, the current study aims to develop a method to manage risks for ICLS based on ERM, integrating the management of risks and aligning risk management with the strategic objectives. A literature review, a pilot study, interviews with experts, four case studies and 20 practitioners supported the method development and evaluation through three versions. As a result, the method identifies and relates risks through process mapping with a qualitative and quantitative analysis of their impacts, determines risk responses based on willingness to take risks, and helps identify processes to control, communicate and monitor the risks. The method also stimulates the implementation of ICLS in market-oriented farms, providing an approach to increase the chances of ICLS success. The main difference from previous research lies in the integrative management of multiple risks, the alignment of risks with strategy and the consideration that a risk might be considered an opportunity.
Anterior hippocampal volume predicts affect-focused psychotherapy outcome
Authors: Suarez-Jimenez Benjamin , Zhu Xi , Lazarov Amit , Mann J. John , Schneier Franklin , Gerber Andrew , Barber Jacques P. , Chambless Dianne L. , Neria Yuval , Milrod Barbara , Markowitz John C. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe hippocampus plays an important role in psychopathology and treatment outcome. While posterior hippocampus (PH) may be crucial for the learning process that exposure-based treatments require, affect-focused treatments might preferentially engage anterior hippocampus (AH). Previous studies have distinguished the different functions of these hippocampal sub-regions in memory, learning, and emotional processes, but not in treatment outcome. Examining two independent clinical trials, we hypothesized that anterior hippocampal volume would predict outcome of affect-focused treatment outcome [Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT); Panic-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (PFPP)], whereas posterior hippocampal volume would predict exposure-based treatment outcome [Prolonged Exposure (PE); Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT); Applied Relaxation Training (ART)].MethodsThirty-five patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and 24 with panic disorder (PD) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before randomization to affect-focused (IPT for PTSD; PFPP for PD) or exposure-based treatments (PE for PTSD; CBT or ART for PD). AH and PH volume were regressed with clinical outcome changes.ResultsBaseline whole hippocampal volume did not predict post-treatment clinical severity scores in any treatment. For affect-focused treatments, but not exposure-based treatments, anterior hippocampal volume predicted clinical improvement. Smaller AH correlated with greater affect-focused treatment improvement. Posterior hippocampal volume did not predict treatment outcome.ConclusionsThis is the first study to explore associations between hippocampal volume sub-regions and treatment outcome in PTSD and PD. Convergent results suggest that affect-focused treatment may influence the clinical outcome through the ‘limbic’ AH, whereas exposure-based treatments do not. These preliminary, theory-congruent, therapeutic findings require replication in a larger clinical trial.
Planar Multi-Link Swimmers: Experiments and Theoretical Investigation using “Perfect Fluid” Model
Authors: Virozub Evgenia , Wiezel Oren , Wolf Alon , Or Yizhar 
Published: February 2019

SummaryRobotic swimmers are currently a subject of extensive research and development for several underwater applications. Clever design and planning must rely on simple theoretical models that account for the swimmer’s hydrodynamics in order to optimize its structure and control inputs. In this work, we study a planar snake-like multi-link swimmer by using the “perfect fluid” model that accounts for inertial hydrodynamic forces while neglecting viscous drag effects. The swimmer’s dynamic equations of motion are formulated and reduced into a first-order system due to symmetries and conservation of generalized momentum variables. Focusing on oscillatory inputs of joint angles, we study optimal gaits for 3-link and 5-link swimmers via numerical integration. For the 3-link swimmer, we also provide a small-amplitude asymptotic solution which enables obtaining closed-form approximations for optimal gaits. The theoretical results are then corroborated by experiments and motion measurement of untethered robotic prototypes with three and five links floating in a water pool, showing a reasonable agreement between the experiments and the theoretical model.