bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal vegetation coverage from the perspective of ecosystem services in the Qilian Mountains
Authors: Ruan Junling , Li Zongxing , Zhang Xiaoping , Jian Xue , Wang Dongpeng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Qilian Mountains (QLMs) serve as a vital ecological security barrier in the northwest China, determining the optimal fractional vegetation cover (FVC) of different land-use types is crucial for ecological restoration and protection. Based on the normalized vegetation index, meteorological data, soil data and land-use data, the InVEST model, bivariate spatial autocorrelation and elastic analysis, we calculated the water conservation, soil conservation and carbon storage, analyzed the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of FVC and ecosystem services (ES) and the correlation between them. This study aims to evaluate the optimal FVC of the different land-use types and vegetation restoration’s effect on it in the QLMs. The results showed that the FVC and ES showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2020, with a spatial distribution pattern of high values in the southeast and low values in the northwest. There was a significant and positive correlation between FVC and ecosystem service functions (p < 0.05), FVC had the most obvious effect on soil conservation, followed by water conservation. The optimal FVC varied by land-use type, with its value between 0.4 and 0.48 for forest land, 0.24 and 0.30 for grassland and 0.19 to 0.20 for unused land. In the eastern of the QLMs, nearly 70% of the forests and 50% of the grasslands exceeded the optimal vegetation coverage, while 36% of the grasslands and 62% of the unused lands were under-covered in the western of the QLMs. The findings suggest that differentiated ecological restoration and management measures should be formulated according to the status of vegetation restoration, to enhance the comprehensive capacity of ecosystem services in the QLMs.
Climate data integration into wheat performance evaluation reveals large inter-varietal responses
Authors: Raymond Joanna , Penfield Steven , Lovett Andrew , Mackay Ian , Philpott Haidee , Simpson Conor John Christopher , Dorling Stephen 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
There is an urgent need to adapt crop breeding strategies to boost resilience in the face of a growing food demand and a changing climate. Achieving this requires an understanding of how weather and climate variability impacts crop growth and development. Using the United Kingdom (UK) as an example, we evaluate changes in the UK agroclimate and analyse how these have influenced domestic wheat production. Here we quantify spatial and temporal variability and changes in weather and climate across growing seasons over the last four decades (1981–2020). Drawing on variety trial data, we then use statistical modelling to explore the interaction between genotype and agroclimate variation.
We show that changes in the UK agroclimate present both risks, and opportunities for wheat growers, depending on location. From 1981–2020, in Wales, the West Midlands, large parts of the North West, and Northern Ireland, there was an overall increase in frost risk in early spring of 0.15 additional frost days per year, whilst in the east early frost risk decreased by up to 0.29 d per year. Meanwhile, over the period 1987–2020, surface incoming shortwave radiation during grainfill increased in the east by up to 13% but decreased in Western areas by up to 15%. We show significant inter-varietal differences in yield responses to growing degree days, heavy rainfall, and the occurrence of late frost. This highlights the importance of evaluating variety-climate interactions in variety trial analyses, and in climate-optimised selection of crops and varieties by growers. This work provides guidance for future research on how climate change is affecting the UK agroclimate and resulting impacts on winter cereal production.
Deception and Sexual Consent
Authors: Boonin David 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an explanation of, and a critical response to, Tom Dougherty’s influential argument for the claim that deceiving someone into saying yes to sex is seriously wrong even in cases where the deception is about relatively trivial or superficial matters like a person’s job or natural hair color. The first section of this chapter presents Dougherty’s argument as resting on two key claims. His first claim maintains that every act of sex without valid consent is seriously wrong. His second claim maintains that if one person deceives another into consenting to sex, their consent is invalid even if the deception is about relatively trivial or superficial matters. The second section of this chapter defends Dougherty’s second claim against the many objections that have been raised against it in the literature his argument has generated. The third section of this chapter presents and defends an important objection to Dougherty’s first claim and argues that the objection can be used to justify rejecting both Dougherty’s argument and Dougherty’s conclusion.
Two Challenges to Common-sense Psychology
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Experimental work on ordinary decision-making apparently shows, contra the approach of common-sense psychology (CP), that very often people fail to consult their reasons and instead act on gut-feels and intuitions, plagued by biases and flaws in reasoning. However, while there is general agreement that the experimental work in question undermines the CP approach, getting clear on the precise worry takes work. I identify two distinct objections opponents of CP might have in mind: first, that people do not look to reasons at all when deciding what to do. Second, that people tend not to look to reasons properly. I label these the No Reasons and the Insufficient Reasons challenges. This chapter explores both challenges and sets out the evidence for them.
The Nature of Rationality
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Assessments of heuristic use as rational or irrational can only take place relative to background assumptions about the nature of rationality. Thus this chapter explores common-sense psychology’s (CP’s) understanding of rational decision-making. The chapter sketches two approaches—Classical Rational Choice and Bounded Rationality—and examines the status of heuristic decision-making within each model. In line with work by Gerd Gigerenzer, the instrumental value of heuristics is stressed, but it is argued that (on its own) this is insufficient for nullifying the challenges that heuristic use pose for CP. To see this, the chapter closes by considering the properties that are commonly taken to characterize heuristics, sketching the ‘Dual Process’ or ‘Two System’ approach endorsed by many advocates of the Heuristics and Biases programme. This framework makes clear that heuristic decision-making lies in opposition to the kind of logical processing of mental states where CP has its home.
Heuristics as Rules of Thumb
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
On one understanding of heuristics, they are ‘rules of thumb’ or ‘cognitive shortcuts’: approximating or associative rules which avoid long-winded logical thinking. This view gives rise to an ‘Insufficient Reasons challenge’ to common-sense psychology (CP), which holds that the way in which we typically handle the search for, and accommodation of, evidence is so poor that heuristic-driven decisions and actions fail to make the grade as rational. This chapter explores this challenge, first by clarifying the claim that heuristic processes are rules of thumb and then by seeing why we might believe that heuristic-based decision-making is flawed. A significant part of the answer to this latter question comes from the realization that our evidence accrual and accommodation practices are subject to a number of biases (such as myside bias), biases which apparently make it more likely that heuristic decision-making relies on systematically weak or flawed evidence.
Objections to Behaviour-reading Accounts
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Behaviour-reading approaches to action understanding claim that the ape, the infant, and even the adult human (under time or other pressures) achieves an understanding of the actions of others without attributing or reasoning about the other’s mental states. However, behaviour-reading accounts face two main problems. First, some theorists have rejected the claim that behaviour-reading models are explanatorily adequate. These theorists point to experimental evidence that animals, infants, and adults under pressure engage in more than just behaviour-reading when seeking to understand the actions of others. Secondly, it seems the claim that behaviour-reading models are to be preferred, on theoretical grounds, to mentalizing approaches can be rejected on theoretical grounds. This chapter explores both these worries and argues that it is the theoretical grounds which (currently) cause the most serious problems for behaviour-reading models.
Common-sense Psychology Vindicated
Authors: Borg Emma 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the challenge to common-sense psychology (CP) posed by deflationary accounts of action understanding, distinguishing between supplanting and supplementing versions. Supplanting versions argue for the almost total replacement of CP by a simpler account, while supplementary versions argue for a simpler approach for infants and/or animals, leaving claims about typical adult action understanding untouched. I argue that, while supplanting versions clearly undermine CP, the dispute with supplementary views is more nuanced. It is then argued that the supplanting challenge to CP can be rejected, while the supplementing challenge is undercut by the moderate account of reasons and reasoning adopted throughout the book. Together with the defence of CP’s account of action generation in previous chapters, this defence of CP’s model of action understanding completes the defence of the common-sense view. Despite apparent empirical evidence to the contrary, we should preserve the view that, typically, people do what they do for the reasons they have.
Poverty Politics and State Formation
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter maps how, as the sixteenth century progressed, the Habsburg rulers Charles V and Philip II attempted to consolidate and expand the Spanish imperial state through the expansion and reform of laws and institutions relating to the governance of the poor and poor relief. The Crown engaged with intellectuals and policy writers to negotiate this changing moral-political landscape. Institutional and legal reforms concerning new concepts of poverty were fundamental to the formation of the state in the early modern period. New laws and institutions formed the basis of a new moral-political economy and form of population governance, complete with new moral hierarchies which laid the foundation for the inequalities of the Spanish imperial state.
Making Indigenous Poverty for a New World
Authors: McClure Julia 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The construction of Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples as particular categories of ‘the poor’ was a critical part of the development of the colonial society of the Spanish Empire. This chapter traces the processes through which Indigenous people were constructed as poor legally, socio-culturally, and economically. It also considers the different ways in which Afro-descendants came to be seen in different ways in the Spanish Empire. Newly emerging moral differentiations of ‘deserving’ and ‘undeserving’ poor were used to differentiate different types of colonial subjects. In doing so it highlights the way in which moral-political concepts of poverty helped shape proto-racial inequalities. This chapter also explores how Indigenous and Afro-descendant peoples used moral-political concepts to resist and negotiate for status and other resources.
Finesse in Gender Affirming Frontal Contouring With Corrugator Resection
Authors: Hu Kevin G , Ihnat Jacqueline , Parikh Neil , Vassallo Melanie , Almeida Mariana , Alper David P , Prassinos Alexandre , Aral Ali , Vasquez Tito , Alperovich Michael 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Given the significance of forehead aesthetics to facial gender identification, frontal sinus setback and brow contouring are frequent components of facial feminization surgery (FFS) in transgender female patients. This study presents a safe and reliable technique for corrugator muscle resection during FFS to provide enhanced feminization of the forehead. This technique was performed in 12 patients between 27 and 58 years of age. Following bone reduction and sinus setback, the corrugator is located on the undersurface of the forehead flap and dissected through the reflected soft tissue of the forehead, with care taken to protect the supraorbital nerve. Patient satisfaction and complications, such as infection, poor wound healing, scarring, and desire for revision surgery, were assessed at follow-up visits. All patients showed improved feminization of the forehead. No complications were reported intraoperatively or postoperatively, and no patients required hospitalization beyond the expected overnight admission. No patients reported anesthesia or hypoesthesia in the distribution of the supraorbital nerve at 6 months postoperatively. Patients reported high satisfaction with their FFS outcomes. In conclusion, performing corrugator resection in conjunction with FFS is a safe and rapid technique that may significantly enhance the feminizing effects on the forehead of frontal sinus setback and brow contouring.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
mbDriver: identifying driver microbes in microbial communities based on time-series microbiome data
Authors: Tan Xiaoxiu , Xue Feng , Zhang Chenhong , Wang Tao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Alterations in human microbial communities are intricately linked to the onset and progression of diseases. Identifying the key microbes driving these community changes is crucial, as they may serve as valuable biomarkers for disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. However, there remains a need for further research to develop effective methods for addressing this critical task. This is primarily because defining the driver microbe requires consideration not only of each microbe’s individual contributions but also their interactions. This paper introduces a novel framework, called mbDriver, for identifying driver microbes based on microbiome abundance data collected at discrete time points. mbDriver comprises three main components: (i) data preprocessing of time-series abundance data using smoothing splines based on the negative binomial distribution, (ii) parameter estimation for the generalized Lotka-Volterra (gLV) model using regularized least squares, and (iii) quantification of each microbe’s contribution to the community’s steady state by manipulating the causal graph implied by gLV equations. The performance of nonparametric spline-based denoising and regularized least squares estimation is comprehensively evaluated on simulated datasets, demonstrating superiority over existing methods. Furthermore, the practical applicability and effectiveness of mbDriver are showcased using a dietary fiber intervention dataset and an ulcerative colitis dataset. Notably, driver microbes identified in the dietary fiber intervention dataset exhibit significant effects on the abundances of short-chain fatty acids, while those identified in the ulcerative colitis dataset show a significant correlation with metabolism-related pathways.
Fast standard error estimation for joint models of longitudinal and time-to-event data based on stochastic EM algorithms
Authors: Yu Tingting , Wu Lang , Bosch Ronald J , Smith Davey M , Wang Rui 
Published: November 2024

Summary
Maximum likelihood inference can often become computationally intensive when performing joint modeling of longitudinal and time-to-event data, due to the intractable integrals in the joint likelihood function. The computational challenges escalate further when modeling HIV-1 viral load data, owing to the nonlinear trajectories and the presence of left-censored data resulting from the assay’s lower limit of quantification. In this paper, for a joint model comprising a nonlinear mixed-effect model and a Cox Proportional Hazards model, we develop a computationally efficient Stochastic EM (StEM) algorithm for parameter estimation. Furthermore, we propose a novel technique for fast standard error estimation, which directly estimates standard errors from the results of StEM iterations and is broadly applicable to various joint modeling settings, such as those containing generalized linear mixed-effect models, parametric survival models, or joint models with more than two submodels. We evaluate the performance of the proposed methods through simulation studies and apply them to HIV-1 viral load data from six AIDS Clinical Trials Group studies to characterize viral rebound trajectories following the interruption of antiretroviral therapy (ART), accounting for the informative duration of off-ART periods.
Effects of parental socioeconomic status on offspring’s fetal neurodevelopment
Authors: Mathan Julia , Maximino-Pinheiro Mélanie , He Qin , Rezende Gabriela , Menu Iris , Tissier Cloelia , Salvia Emilie , Mevel Katell , Le Stanc Lorna , Vidal Julie , Moyon Marine , Delalande Lisa , Orliac Francois , Poirel Nicolas , Oppenheim Catherine , Houdé Olivier , Chaumette Boris , Borst Grégoire , Cachia Arnaud 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Emerging evidence underscores the prenatal period's critical role in shaping later cognition and health, influenced by an intricate interplay of parental genetic and environmental factors. Birth weight is commonly used as a retrospective indicator of fetal development, but recent focus has shifted to more specific proxies of neurodevelopment, like cortical sulcal patterns, which are established in utero and remain stable after birth. This study aimed to elucidate the interrelated effects of parental socioeconomic status, brain volume, birth weight, and sulcal patterns in the anterior cingulate cortex. Utilizing structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), parental educational attainment, and related polygenic risk scores, the study analyzed 203 healthy right-handed participants aged 9 to 18. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that the anterior cingulate cortex sulcal pattern is influenced by parental socioeconomic status and global brain volume, with socioeconomic status correlating with a polygenic risk score. These findings suggest that prenatal neurodevelopmental processes may mediate the intergenerational transmission of inequalities.
Molecular motion in supramolecular ionic crystal of Swiss cheese structure
Authors: Kanamaru Kazuya , Takahashi Kiyonori , Huang Rui-Kang , Xue Chen , Wu Jia-bing , Noro Shin-ichiro , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In most molecular crystals, crystal structure collapses when solvent molecules are removed. We report the crystal of (isobutylammonium+)(dibenzo[18]crown-6)[Ni(dmit)2]−•0.4CH3CN with Swiss cheese–like structure, in which 60% of the CH3CN sites are voids. The motion of isobutylammonium+ adjacent to the void sites maintains the single crystallinity, which occupy an apparently larger volume than in the static state. This study opens up the possibility of developing novel relaxor dielectrics based on molecular motion in the crystal of partially occupied voids.
Classical allusions and narrative guidance in Robert Louis Stevenson’s Kidnapped
Authors: Gregory Justina 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Kidnapped is the most Scottish novel Robert Louis Stevenson ever wrote. Set in the aftermath of the Battle of Culloden, it integrates historical with fictional events and features detailed Highland topography, along with a gallery of Scottish character types. Yet despite its regional ambiance Kidnapped is imbued with classical references that broaden its focus, illuminating issues of class and education within the story and of genre and narrative structure without. At the close of the novel David Balfour’s grasp of a Latin tag proves crucial to establishing, if not his identity as heir to a Scottish estate, at least his position as an educated gentleman. This status contrasts with his earlier identity as ‘the lad with the silver button’. A cluster of motifs connects the novel to the epic genre, while the observance of narrative principles set forth in Horace’s Ars Poetica adds an authentic eighteenth-century touch.
Transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation with LuX-Valve utilizing a novel patient-specific virtual and physical simulator: a case report
Authors: Delamarre Enzo , Nejjari Mohammed , Dreyfus Julien , Lesage Frédéric , Ben Ali Walid 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The rise of transcatheter tricuspid valve implantation (TTVI) therapies represents a major advancement for high-risk patients with severe tricuspid valve regurgitation, offering a safer, minimally invasive alternative to open-heart surgery. However, the low volume of procedures and training highlights an urgent need for skills development and pre-procedural preparation, which simulation can address by enhancing learning and expanding treatment availability.

Case summary
An 87-year-old woman with permanent atrial fibrillation and symptomatic severe functional tricuspid regurgitation underwent a transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement with the LuX-Valve system. We developed a novel patient-specific virtual reality simulator, combining virtual and physical simulations, to enhance training and education for TTVI. This system utilizes high-resolution computed tomography images, machine learning algorithms, and a video game engine to recreate realistic procedural environments. We performed a safe intervention following the simulation session, achieving successful clinical outcomes in the patient.

Discussion
The developed platform is the first to propose a patient-specific hybrid simulation for TTVI engaging both interventional and imaging cardiologists. The simulator's potential to improve clinical and safety outcomes warrants further evaluation through specifically designed comparative studies.
Thermal analysis of smartening a central heating unit for a small-scale network; characteristic, comparisons and impacts
Authors: Shayesteh Ali Akbar , Fazeli Atila 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Central heating units (CHUs) significantly influence energy consumption and air quality in developing countries. Key challenges in infrastructure enhancement include the prevalent use of outdated heating technologies and the high costs involved in upgrading them. In Tehran, Iran, advancements have been made by incorporating intelligent heating systems into the local domestic engine rooms, through the use of control subsystems based on thermodynamic modeling. These subsystems, which include temperature, air control, and central processing networks, have improved the system's energy efficiency and environmental impact. A notable feature of this project is the integration of advanced thermal management in thermostats and the development of specialized algorithms to optimize combustion. Results from numerical studies indicate that these intelligent CHU systems can cut CO emissions by as much as 78% and reduce fuel consumption by up to 30%. Thus, investing in the enhancement of adaptable Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units within communities is a viable, eco-friendly strategy that promises greater reliability, reduced fuel use, and better environmental outcomes.