bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE
Authors: Gschwendtner E. , Turner M. , Adli E. , Ahuja A. , Apsimon O. , Apsimon R. , Bachmann A.-M. , Batsch F. , Bracco C. , Braunmüller F. , Burger S. , Burt G. , Buttenschön B. , Caldwell A. , Chappell J. , Chevallay E. , Chung M. , Cooke D. , Damerau H. , Deubner L. H. , Dexter A. , Doebert S. , Farmer J. , Fedosseev V. N. , Fiorito R. , Fonseca R. A. , Friebel F. , Garolfi L. , Gessner S. , Goddard B. , Gorgisyan I. , Gorn A. A. , Granados E. , Grulke O. , Hartin A. , Helm A. , Henderson J. R. , Hüther M. , Ibison M. , Jolly S. , Keeble F. , Kelisani M. D. , Kim S.-Y. , Kraus F. , Krupa M. , Lefevre T. , Li Y. , Liu S. , Lopes N. , Lotov K. V. , Martyanov M. , Mazzoni S. , Minakov V. A. , Molendijk J. C. , Moody J. T. , Moreira M. , Muggli P. , Panuganti H. , Pardons A. , Peña Asmus F. , Perera A. , Petrenko A. , Pukhov A. , Rey S. , Sherwood P. , Silva L. O. , Sosedkin A. P. , Tuev P. V. , Velotti F. , Verra L. , Verzilov V. A. , Vieira J. , Welsch C. P. , Wendt M. , Williamson B. , Wing M. , Woolley B. , Xia G. ,   The AWAKE Collaboration
Published: June 2019

In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013–2018) was to demonstrate that 10–20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.
Plasma wakefield linear colliders—opportunities and challenges
Authors: Adli Erik 
Published: June 2019

A linear electron-positron collider operating at TeV-scale energies will provide high precision measurements and allow, for example, precision studies of the Higgs boson as well as searches for physics beyond the standard model. A future linear collider should produce collisions at high energy, with high luminosity and with a good wall plug to beam power transfer efficiency. The luminosity per power consumed is a key metric that can be used to compare linear collider concepts. The plasma wakefield accelerator has demonstrated high-gradient, high-efficiency acceleration of an electron beam and is therefore a promising technology for a future linear collider. We will go through the opportunities of using plasma wakefield acceleration technology for a collider, as well as a few of the collider-specific challenges that must be addressed in order for a high-energy, high luminosity-per-power plasma wakefield collider to become a reality.
This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration’.
Deciphering the transcriptomic insight during organogenesis in castor (Ricinus communisL.), jatropha (Jatropha curcasL.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.)
Authors: Puvvala Sai Sudha , Muddanuru Tarakeswari , Thangella Padmavathi AV , O Kumar Aniel , Chakravartty Navajeet , Gupta Saurabh , Vettath Vineeth Kodengil , Katta Krishna Mohan Ananta Venkata Sri , Lekkala Sivarama Prasad , Kuriakose Boney , Sujatha Mulpuri , Lachagari Vijay Bhasker Reddy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundCastor is a non-edible oilseed crop with a multitude of pharmaceutical and industrial uses. Profitable cultivation of the crop is hindered by various factors and one of the approaches for genetic improvement of the crop belonging to a monotypic genus is to exploit biotechnological tools. The major limitation for successful exploitation of biotechnological tools is thein vitrorecalcitrance of castor tissues. Response of castor tissues toin vitroculture is poor which necessitated study on understanding the molecular basis of organogenesis in cultured tissues of castor, throughde novotranscriptome analysis, by comparing with two other crops (jatropha and sunflower) with good regeneration ability.ResultsRNA-seq analysis was carried out with hypocotyl explants from castor, jatropha and cotyledons from sunflower cultured on MS media supplemented with different concentrations of hormones. Genes that showed strong differential expression analysis during dedifferentiation and organogenic differentiation stages of callus included components of auxin and cytokinin signaling, secondary metabolite synthesis, genes encoding transcription factors, receptor kinases and protein kinases. In castor, many genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and homeostasis like WAT1 (Wall associated thinness), vacuolar transporter genes, transcription factors like short root like protein were down-regulated while genes like DELLA were upregulated accounting for regeneration recalcitrance. Validation of 62 differentially expressed genes through qRT-PCR showed a consensus of 77.4% with the RNA-Seq analysis.ConclusionThis study provides information on the set of genes involved in the process of organogenesis in three oilseed crops which forms a basis for understanding and improving the efficiency of plant regeneration and genetic transformation in castor.
T cell priming is enhanced by maturation-dependent stiffening of the dendritic cell cortex
Authors: Blumenthal Daniel , Avery Lyndsay , Chandra Vidhi , Burkhardt Janis K. 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTT cell activation by dendritic cells (DCs) involves forces exerted by the T cell actin cytoskeleton, which are opposed by the cortical cytoskeleton of the interacting APC. During an immune response, DCs undergo a maturation process that optimizes their ability to efficiently prime naïve T cells. Using atomic force microscopy, we find that during maturation, DC cortical stiffness increases via process that involves actin polymerization. Using stimulatory hydrogels and DCs expressing mutant cytoskeletal proteins, we find that increasing stiffness lowers the agonist dose needed for T cell activation. CD4+T cells exhibit much more profound stiffness-dependency than CD8+T cells. Finally, stiffness responses are most robust when T cells are stimulated with pMHC rather than anti-CD3ε, consistent with a mechanosensing mechanism involving receptor deformation. Taken together, our data reveal that maturation-associated cytoskeletal changes alter the biophysical properties of DCs, providing mechanical cues that costimulate T cell activation.
Medial prefrontal cortex represents the object-based cognitive map when remembering an egocentric target location
Authors: Zhang Bo , Naya Yuji 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA cognitive map, representing an environment around oneself, is necessary for spatial navigation. However, compared with its constituent elements such as individual landmarks, neural substrates of coherent spatial information remain largely unknown. The present study investigated how the brain codes map-like representations in a virtual environment specified by the relative positions of three objects. Representational similarity analysis revealed an object-based spatial representation in the hippocampus (HPC) when participants located themselves within the environment, while the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) represented it when they recollected a target object’s location relative to their self-body. During recollection, task-dependent functional connectivity increased between the two areas implying exchange of self- and target-location signals between the HPC and mPFC. Together, the coherent cognitive map, which could be formed by objects, may be recruited in the HPC and mPFC for complementary functions during navigation, which may generalize to other aspects of cognition, such as navigating social interactions.
Beach environmental DNA fills gaps in photographic biomonitoring to track spatiotemporal community turnover across 82 phyla
Authors: Meyer Rachel S. , Schweizer Teia M. , Kwan Wai-Yin , Curd Emily , Wall Adam , Pentcheff Dean , Wetzer Regina , Beraut Eric , Young Alison , Johnson Rebecca , Wayne Robert K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract:Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is emerging as a biomonitoring tool available to the citizen science community that promises to augment or replace photographic observation. However, eDNA results and photographic observations have rarely been compared to document their individual or combined power. Here, we use eDNA multilocus metabarcoding, a method deployed by the CALeDNA Program, to inventory and evaluate biodiversity variation along the Pillar Point headland near Half Moon Bay, California. We describe variation in presence of 13,000 taxa spanning 82 phyla, analyze spatiotemporal patterns of beta diversity, and identify metacommunities. Inventory and measures of turnover across space and time from eDNA analysis are compared to the same measures from Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data, which contain information largely contributed by iNaturalist photographic observations. We find eDNA depicts local signals with high seasonal turnover, especially in prokaryotes. We find a diverse community dense with pathogens and parasites in the embayment, and a State Marine Conservation Area (SMCA) with lower species richness than the rest of the beach peninsula, but with beta diversity signals showing resemblance to adjacent unprotected tidepools. The SMCA differs in observation density, with higher density of protozoans, and animals in Ascidiacea, Echinoidea, and Polycladida. Local contributions to beta diversity are elevated in a section of East-facing beach. GBIF observations are mostly from outside the SMCA, limiting some spatial comparisons. However, our findings suggest eDNA samples can link the SMCA sites to sites with better GBIF inventory, which may be useful for imputing species from one site given observations from another. Results additionally support >3800 largely novel biological interactions. This research, and accompanying interactive website support eDNA as a gap-filling tool to measure biodiversity that is available to community and citizen scientists.
In vitro Reconstitution Unveils the Phospho-regulated Ska-Ndc80 Macro-complex
Authors: Zhang Qian , Hu Liqiao , Chen Yujue , Tian Wei , Liu Hong 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTThe human Ska (spindle and kinetochore associated) complex is essential for proper kinetochore-microtubule interactions. Its loading onto the kinetochore complex Ndc80 (Ndc80C) plays a critical role in such function; however, the key determinant that docks Ska onto Ndc80C still remain elusive. Here, we address this question using biochemical reconstitution followed by functional analysis. We identified six Cdk1 sites in Ska3 distributed in three conserved regions. In vitro, Cdk1 phosphorylation on the Ska complex enhanced WT, not phospho-deficient 6A, binding to Ndc80C. Strikingly, the phospho-mimetic Ska 6D complex formed a stable macro-complex with Ndc80C, but Ska WT failed to do so, suggesting that Cdk1 phosphorylation is necessary and sufficient for the formation of the Ska-Ndc80 macro-complex. In cells, Ska3 6A completely lost its localization to kinetochores and its functions in chromosome segregation; whereas Ska3 6D partially restored them. Altogether, our findings not only for the first time reveal the key phospho-regulated Ska-Ndc80 macro-complex essential for faithful chromosome segregation, but also pave the way for mechanistic analyses of kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
Nonlinear Interaction Decomposition (NID): A Method for Separation of Cross-frequency Coupled Sources in Human Brain
Authors: Idaji Mina Jamshidi , Müller Klaus-Robert , Nolte Guido , Maess Burkhard , Villringer Arno , Nikulin Vadim V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCross-frequency coupling (CFC) is a phenomenon through which spatially and spectrally distributed information can be integrated in the brain. There is, however, a lack of methods decomposing brain electrophysiological data into interacting components. Here, we propose a novel framework for detecting such interactions in Magneto- and Electroencephalography (MEG/EEG), which we refer to as Nonlinear Interaction Decomposition (NID). In contrast to all previous methods for separation of cross-frequency (CF) sources in the brain, we propose that the extraction of nonlinearly interacting oscillations can be based on the statistical properties of their linear mixtures. The main idea of NID is that nonlinearly coupled brain oscillations can be mixed in such a way that the resulting linear mixture has a non-Gaussian distribution. We evaluate this argument analytically for amplitude-modulated narrow-band oscillations which are either phase-phase or amplitude-amplitude CF coupled. We validated NID extensively with simulated EEG obtained with realistic head modeling. The method extracted nonlinearly interacting components reliably even at SNRs as small as −15 (dB). Additionally, we applied NID to the resting-state EEG of 81 subjects to characterize CF phase-phase coupling between alpha and beta oscillations. The extracted sources were located in temporal, parietal and frontal areas, demonstrating the existence of diverse local and distant nonlinear interactions in resting-state EEG data.
Proteolytic queues at ClpXP increase antibiotic tolerance
Authors: Deter Heather S. , Abualrahi Alawiah H. , Jadhav Prajakta , Schweer Elise K. , Ogle Curtis T. , Butzin Nicholas C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAntibiotic tolerance is a widespread phenomenon that renders antibiotic treatments less effective and facilitates antibiotic resistance. Here we explore the role of proteases in antibiotic tolerance, short-term population survival of antibiotics, using queueing theory (i.e. the study of waiting lines), computational models, and a synthetic biology approach. Proteases are key cellular components that degrade proteins and play an important role in a multi-drug tolerant subpopulation of cells, called persisters. We found that queueing at the protease ClpXP increases antibiotic tolerance ~80 and ~60 fold in anE. colipopulation treated with ampicillin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. There does not appear to be an effect on antibiotic persistence, which we distinguish from tolerance based on population decay. These results demonstrate that proteolytic queueing is a practical method to probe bacterial tolerance and related genes, while limiting the unintended consequences frequently caused by gene knockout and overexpression.
Development and testing of a novel Killer-Rescue self-limiting gene drive system inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Webster Sophia H. , Vella Michael R. , Scott Maxwell J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe report the development and laboratory testing of a novel Killer-Rescue (K-R) self-limiting gene drive system inDrosophila melanogaster.This K-R system utilizes the well-characterized Gal4/UAS binary expression system and the Gal4 inhibitor, Gal80. Three killer (K) lines were tested; these used either an autoregulated UAS-Gal4 or UAS-Gal4 plus UAS-hid transgene. One universal rescue (R) line was used, UAS-Gal80, to inhibit Gal4 expression. The K lines are lethal and cause death in the absence of R. We show that Gal4 RNA levels are high in the absence of R. Death is possibly due to transcriptional squelching from high levels of Gal4. When R is present, Gal4 activation of Gal80 would lead to inhibition of Gal4 and prevent overexpression. With a single release ratio of 2:1 engineered K-R to wildtype, we find that K drives R through the population while the percent of wild type individuals decreases each generation. The choice of core promoter for a UAS-Gal4 construct strongly influences the K-R system. With the stronghsp70core promoter, K was very effective but was quickly lost from the population. With the weaker DSCP core promoter, K persisted for longer allowing the frequency of individuals with at least one copy of R to increase to over 98%. This simple gene drive system could be readily adapted to other species such as mosquito disease vectors for driving anti-viral or anti-parasite genes.SignificanceHere we report the development and testing of a novel self-limiting gene drive system, Killer-Rescue, inDrosophila melanogaster. This system is composed of an auto-regulated Gal4 Killer (K) and a Gal4-activated Gal80 Rescue (R). Overexpression of Gal4 is lethal but in the presence of R, activation of Gal80 leads to much lower levels of Gal4 and rescue of lethality. We demonstrate that with a single 2:1 engineered to wildtype release, more than 98% of the population carry R after eight generations. We discuss how this Killer-Rescue system may be used for population replacement in a human health pest,Aedes aegypti, or for population suppression in an agricultural pest,Drosophila suzukii.
Rationally inattentive intertemporal choice
Authors: Gershman Samuel J. , Bhui Rahul 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDiscounting of future rewards is traditionally interpreted as evidence for an intrinsic preference in favor of sooner rewards. However, temporal discounting can also arise from internal uncertainty in value representations of future events, if one assumes that noisy mental simulations of the future are rationally combined with prior beliefs. Here, we further develop this idea by considering how simulation noise may be adaptively modulated by task demands, based on principles of rational inattention. We show how the optimal allocation of mental effort can give rise to the magnitude effect in intertemporal choice. In a re-analysis of two prior data sets, and in a new experiment, we reveal several behavioral signatures of this novel theoretical account, tying choice stochasticity to the magnitude effect. We conclude that some aspects of temporal discounting may result from a cognitively plausible adaptive response to the costs of information processing.
Progress: engaging with organisations in pursuit of improved sustainability accounting and performance
Authors: Adams Carol A. , Larrinaga Carlos 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the development of engagement research in pursuit of improved sustainability accounting and performance and to identify issues in the further development of this field. In particular, the authors consider the implications of this research for practice, policy and theory following the publication of a special issue on the topic in 2007 in the Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors performed a systematic review of the relevant literature in selected accounting journals for the 11 year period 2007–2017 inclusive. The authors identified the methods, topics and theories addressed by researchers and the academic journals that are more likely to publish engagement research.

Findings
The authors found a significant increase in engagement work over the decade since publication of the special issue and a marked increase in the volume and complexity of data collected in studies. There is a marked difference in the openness of different journals to engagement research and the type of engagement research published across accounting journals. Contrary to the argument made by critics of engagement research the authors found that this field of research not only uses theory, but develops theory.

Research limitations/implications
Through the examination of methods and theories used and topics considered, the authors identify avenues for further research – and the journals likely to be receptive to it.

Practical implications
The study demonstrates that the collective body of engagement research aimed at improving sustainability accounting and performance has significant potential to inform practice and policy developments with the same aim.

Originality/value
The study examines an emerging approach in an emerging field of research with significant academic, practice and policy potential.
Assessing the effectiveness of financial regulation in the English Football League
Authors: Evans Richard , Walters Geoff , Tacon Richard 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of the effectiveness of the Salary Cost Management Protocol, a form of financial regulation introduced by the English Football League in 2004 to improve the financial sustainability of professional football (i.e. soccer) clubs.

Design/methodology/approach
The analytical approach is to assess the effect of the regulation from evidence of change in measures of the financial performance of clubs drawing on three criteria: profitability, liquidity and solvency. A unique database was created from the published financial statements and notes to the accounts of the clubs in the Tier 4 league (known since 2004 as League Two) from 1994 to 2014 to encapsulate the 10-year period before and after the regulation was introduced. To show trends in the data within the study period, the data are reported in graphical form. The statistical significance of change in both the slope and intercepts for trends between breaks of interest in the data is estimated by linear regression.

Findings
The results show that financial regulation failed to significantly improve the profitability or the solvency of football clubs in League Two. Whilst the liquidity of the clubs improved in response to the introduction of the financial regulation, the results show this was only in the year in which the financial regulation was introduced.

Research limitations/implications
The results extend theoretical debate on financial regulation in sports leagues by moving beyond the assumption that financial regulation is a “technical exercise” to provide an alternative way of thinking about financial regulation as a “legitimising exercise”.

Originality/value
This is the first study to assess the impact of financial regulation for football league clubs over a longitudinal period. It is also extends previous research in which only single aspects of the financial sustainability of football clubs, such as insolvency, have been considered.
The role of country tax environment on the relationship between financial derivatives and tax avoidance
Authors: Oktavia Oktavia , Siregar Sylvia Veronica , Wardhani Ratna , Rahayu Ning 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of financial derivatives usage and country’s tax environment characteristics on the relationship between financial derivatives and tax avoidance.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a cross-country analysis with the scope of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) countries which consists of the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore.

Findings
The level of financial derivatives usage positively affects the level of tax avoidance. This finding indicates that financial derivatives can be used as tax avoidance tool. Furthermore, the positive effect of the level of financial derivatives usage on the level of tax avoidance is lower in countries with a competitive tax environment than in countries with an uncompetitive tax environment. This finding indicates that in country with a competitive tax environment, the use of financial derivatives as a tax avoidance tool can be replaced by the tax facilities provided by that country.

Research limitations/implications
This study uses four countries in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region and does not test the sample based on the financial derivative types.

Practical implications
Tax authorities need to establish a clear tax regulation in regard to the tax treatment of financial derivatives transactions, e.g. define the definition of financial derivatives for hedging purposes and financial derivatives for speculative purposes; and define specific criteria to separate financial derivatives for hedging purposes from financial derivatives for speculative purposes. It is necessary to determine whether losses arising from derivative transactions are classified as deductible expenses or non-deductible expenses.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is also the first that provide empirical evidence that the relationship between financial derivatives and tax avoidance activities depends on a country’s tax environment.