bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First‐in‐Human Study of BAT4406F, an ADCC‐Enhanced Fully Humanized Anti‐CD20 Monoclonal Antibody in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Yu Hai , Chen Yuancheng , Qi Yunpeng , Yang Haijing , Cao Guoying , Yang Wenbo , Li Size , Yang Xiaolei , Wang Hai , Zhang Jing , Chen Xiangjun 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare debilitating autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). This is the first‐in‐human dose‐escalation Phase I clinical study of BAT4406F, an antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)‐enhanced fully humanized anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, in Chinese NMOSD patients.Patients and MethodsUsing a “3 + 3” design and based on the planned algorithm of dose escalation, the enrolled NMOSD patients were sequentially assigned to one of the five dose‐escalation cohorts of BAT4406F with a single intravenous dose, and were then followed for a 6‐month observation period. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity of BAT4406F were investigated, and the efficacy of BAT4406F in NMOSD was also preliminarily explored.ResultsFifteen Chinese NMOSD patients were enrolled to receive BAT4406F of escalated doses ranging from 20 to 750 mg. No subjects experienced DLT at the studied doses. BAT4406F injection exhibited favorable safety, with most of the adverse events (AE) of CTCAE Grade 1 or 2 in severity, and no Grade ≥ 3 adverse drug reactions (ADR) or serious adverse reactions occurred in any subjects. With the dose increase of BAT4406F, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), area under concentration‐time curve from 0 to the last measurable timepoint (AUC0‐t) and area under concentration‐time curve from 0 to infinity (AUC0‐inf) showed an increasing trend, whereas the mean clearance (CLt), terminal elimination rate (λZ), and apparent volume of distribution (Vd) decreased. The mean elimination half‐life (T1/2) was ranged from 9.0–16.4 days. PK profile of BAT4406F was generally nonlinear. BAT4406F led to a rapid and significant B‐cell depletion in all dose groups. Single administration of 500 mg or 750 mg maintains the CD19+ B lymphocyte count below 10/μL within the whole 6‐month observation period. Three subjects were antidrug antibody (ADA) positive and all of them were neutralizing antibody (NAb)‐negative. On day 99/180 postdose, several groups had decreased expanded disability status scale (EDSS) scores compared to baseline. During the observation period, NMOSD relapse occurred in two patients (13.3%) and the other 13 (86.7%) subjects remained relapse free.ConclusionBAT4406F was well tolerated at doses up to 750 mg and showed an expected pharmacodynamic effect of significant and long‐term depletion of CD19+ B lymphocytes. It has also shown preliminary evidence of activity in NMOSD maintenance treatment, warranting further investigations.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04146285
CT‐Based Lung Size Matching in Delayed Chest Closure for Systemic Sclerosis Lung Transplantation
Authors: Singh Jatin , Meng Xin , Leader Joseph K. , Ryan John , Chan Ernest G. , Shigemura Norihisa , Hage Chadi A. , Sanchez Pablo G. , Pu Jiantao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeDelayed chest closure (DCC) during lung transplantation (LTx) is a controversial surgical approach that lacks research in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. We investigated outcomes, clinical risk factors, and CT‐based lung size‐matching parameters associated with DCC in SSc recipients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 92 SSc recipients (age 51 years ± 10, 56/92 (61.0%) females) who underwent bilateral LTx between 2007 and 2020. Of the recipients, 34.8% (32/92) underwent DCC. Recipient lung and chest cavity volumes were automatically computed from CT imaging using deep learning algorithms. Survival between groups was compared using Kaplan–Meier analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify risk factors and predict DCC occurrence using preoperative variables.ResultsRecipients who underwent DCC had longer total vent duration (p = 0.001), more use of postoperative mechanical support (p = 0.001), longer ICU length of stay (p = 0.008), and lower incidence of pneumonia post‐operation (p = 0.031). No significant difference in survival was observed between DCC and PCC recipients at 30 days (p = 0.713), 90 days (p = 0.267), 1 year (p = 0.941), and 5 years (p = 0.651). Clinical risk factors for DCC included BMI > 30 kg/m2 (p = 0.009), tracheostomy (p = 0.002), atrial fibrillation (p = 0.012), decreased preoperative FEV1/FVC (p = 0.013), and previous chest operation (p = 0.020). Two CT‐based measurements of lung matching were significantly associated with DCC occurrence (p = 0.021 and 0.050). The regression model achieved a mean AUC of 0.82 (0.70, 0.94) in retrospectively predicting DCC occurrence.ConclusionSSc recipients undergoing DCC have similar survival rates but experience more complications than PCC recipients. Clinical risk factors and CT‐based size matching can be leveraged to predict DCC pre‐transplant.
Effect of in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs on cortical networks and neurophysiological outcomes at 6 years
Authors: König Sebastian , Yrjölä Pauliina , Auno Sami , Videman Mari , Vanhatalo Sampsa , Tokariev Anton 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe human brain undergoes an activity‐dependent organization during late gestation, making it very sensitive to all effects on the spontaneous neuronal activity. Pregnant mothers with epilepsy are treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) that may reach the fetus and cause altered cortical network activity after birth. However, it is not known whether these functional effects of intrauterine AED exposure persist later in childhood.MethodsWe studied cortical activity networks computed from electroencephalographic recordings during sleep of 25, 6‐year‐old children with in utero exposure to AEDs and 21 without exposure. The frequency‐specific networks were determined for N1 and N2 sleep states, and the study groups were compared for sleep‐state–specific changes and dynamic differences between sleep states. Finally, we correlated these difference networks with the children's neurophysiological performance at 6 years.ResultsWe found brain‐wide changes in the cortical activity networks and their sleep‐state dynamics in the children with intrauterine AED exposure. Moreover, the strength of cortical network connectivity was significantly associated with multiple domains of neurocognitive performance, in particular, verbal comprehension, processing speed, and IQ. Our findings together suggest that fetal AED exposure causes very long‐lasting changes in the cortical networks with significant links to early school‐age cognitive performance.SignificanceAED treatment of pregnant mothers is indicated for maternal health reasons; however, the long‐term neurodevelopmental effects on the offspring are poorly understood. Our present study shows that in utero exposure to AEDs causes persisting changes in the cortical activity networks, which can be measured with electroencephalography at 6 years of age. Moreover, these network changes correlate to the child's neurocognitive performance at the same age. These findings together suggest a pathway for how fetal drug exposures may cause persisting and neurocognitively meaningful changes in cortical connectivity patterns.
Multiscale Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Distribution of Marine Fish Larvae—Patchiness and Predator–Prey Overlap
Authors: Munk Peter , Lindegren Martin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe distribution of fish larvae and other planktonic organisms is highly heterogenous and influenced by a complex interplay of physical, behavioural and ecological processes operating across different scales. Information on patterns and scale of resulting patchiness in plankton distributions is pivotal for understanding the bio‐physical linkages, trophodynamics and ecological strategies in the marine pelagic environment. In this study, we examine the distribution and degree of patchiness of four fish larvae species and their copepod prey, placing specific emphasis on the scale of patterns in both horizontal and vertical dimensions. Our sampling effort encompassed a 120 km long transect of stations covering a frontal area in the southern North Sea, employing depth‐stratified net sampling at varying station distances. Our results show distinct distributional patterns and migratory behaviours among different taxa of both larvae and their copepod prey, yet some commonalities were apparent. Across all species, we observed increased patchiness at larger spatial scales, significantly influenced by day/night fluctuations and hydrography. The overall findings highlight the dynamic nature of patch distributions and underscore the strong impact of hydrographic interfaces, whether vertically oriented pycnoclines or horizontally structured hydrographic fronts. These insights into bio‐physical linkages deepen our understanding of the mechanisms driving larval survival, prey availability and overall ecosystem dynamics.
Group text messaging as a residency teaching tool in outpatient neurology and headache: A mixed‐methods observational study
Authors: Song Anjeli , Safdieh Joseph E. , Robbins Matthew S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and efficacy of group text messaging as a teaching tool to improve neurology resident knowledge and clinical pearl dissemination in an outpatient setting enriched with headache encounters, and to evaluate if learning points from this teaching method would influence resident care of subsequent patients.BackgroundInpatient neurology teaching during training is most often accomplished in team settings during rounds or conferences such as morning report, but outpatient teaching where headache is more likely encountered may be less consistently performed in such a setting where learning points may be shared. Few studies have evaluated whether group text messaging can be an innovative tool for teaching in residency training.MethodsNeurology residents in a continuity clinic pod at New York Presbyterian‐Weill Cornell were included in this cohort from December 2020 through March 2024. Group text messages deidentified of any patient information were sent to the resident pod by their preceptor after each clinic session featuring one text message regarding a takeaway learning point pertaining to each patient encounter. Residents were surveyed on their satisfaction with this teaching method and whether these text messages improved their outpatient neurology knowledge.ResultsA total of 230 text messages were sent to a cohort of 21 residents across 4 academic years. Text message topics covered a variety of neurological subspecialties, most commonly headache and facial pain (44.8%), general neurology (15.7%), and neuromuscular (14.3%). In our survey, 93% of resident respondents reported that receiving clinical pearls improved their outpatient neurology knowledge and changed how they cared for subsequent patients.ConclusionReinforcement of traditionally one‐on‐one learning points in a teaching outpatient setting to engage a group of residents was feasible across visit types. There was an overall very positive response to this teaching method, and residents reported improved knowledge, which influenced their care of subsequent patients.
International Council of Nurses 2025 Congress: Nursing power to change the world
Authors: Fokeladeh Hoi Shan , Montayre Jed , Stewart David 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe International Council of Nurses (ICN) 2025 Congress, themed “Nursing Power to Change the World,” will convene in Helsinki, Finland, from 9 to 13 June 2025. This landmark event celebrates a century of nursing progress and addresses contemporary challenges in healthcare. The Congress emphasises the pivotal role of nurses in enhancing healthcare equity, accessibility, and outcomes, aligning with global health policy goals such as Universal Health Coverage (UHC). It will feature contributions from key international organisations like the WHO and the International Committee of the Red Cross, highlighting the event's global significance. With over 10 000 abstract submissions, the Congress promises a rich scientific programme, fostering knowledge exchange and professional development. Subthemes will explore nursing leadership, healthcare quality, education and the impact of transformative technologies. The Congress will also focus on advocacy, providing a platform for policy discussions on pressing global health issues. Networking opportunities will connect nurses with peers and leaders, promoting collaboration and career advancement. The inclusion of nursing students and early‐career professionals underscores the commitment to nurturing the next generation of nurses. The ICN 2025 Congress is a call to action for nurses worldwide to lead transformative change in healthcare, ensuring the profession remains dynamic and influential. Join us in Helsinki to celebrate the power of nursing and explore the many ways in which nurses can lead the change in advancing global health.
RSV Disease Burden in Older Adults: An Italian Multiregion Pilot Study of Acute Respiratory Infections in Primary Care Setting, Winter Season 2022–2023
Authors: Bracaloni Sara , Esposito Enrica , Scarpaci Michela , Cosci Tommaso , Casini Beatrice , Chiovelli Federica , Arzilli Guglielmo , Pistello Mauro , Panatto Donatella , Ogliastro Matilde , Loconsole Daniela , Chironna Maria , Rizzo Caterina ,   RSVComNet Italy
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospital admission in adults over 65, leading to severe complications and death. However, the disease burden in primary care for older adults in Europe is poorly understood. This pilot study aims to test a study protocol for evaluating the clinical burden of RSV in older adults in primary care settings in Italy.MethodsIn the 2022–23 winter season, we designed a study on RSV burden in individuals over 65 with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Liguria, Apulia, and Tuscany, Italy. Recruited patients underwent nasopharyngeal swabs for RSV confirmation and provided epidemiological and clinical data. RSV‐positive patients completed follow‐up questionnaires after 14 and 30 days regarding their clinical conditions, healthcare utilization, and socio‐economic impact.ResultsWe enrolled 152 patients with ARIs; 33 (21.7%) tested positive for RSV. The median disease duration was 14 days, with 3% hospitalized. Among RSV‐positive patients, 87% received drug treatment, 52% of whom received antibiotics. After diagnosis, 74% required further GP consultations within 2 weeks. Additionally, 48% incurred extra costs. On day 30, 21% reported health complications or deterioration.ConclusionsOur pilot study highlights the need for an ARIs surveillance system for older adults in primary care. This is crucial for defining vaccination strategies to reduce the disease burden on these patients and the healthcare system. Moreover, these data are essential for assessing costs and parameters for cost‐effectiveness models, facilitating informed decisions in public health planning and resource allocation.
From Germination to Stagnation: Sodium Diacetate's Impact on Clostridium perfringens Spores
Authors: Liu Shengnan , Liang Dong , Li Miaoyun , Hong Niancheng , Zhu Yaodi , Zhao Lijun , Zhao Gaiming 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSodium diacetate is recognized for its high efficiency as a preservative, demonstrating strong antibacterial properties that help extend the shelf life of food products. However, it is still unclear how it influences spores. This research investigated the influence of sodium diacetate on the germination and outgrowth stage in the revival process of Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) spores. The germination and outgrowth rate of spores after sodium diacetate treatment were measured. The changes of spore inner membrane were monitored by laser confocal microscope, electron scanning microscope and macromolecular leakage. The interaction between sodium diacetate and DNA was investigated by EB fluorescence probe, and the finding was verified by the outgrowth of spores in ham sausage. An investigation into the effects of sodium diacetate treatment on the biological activity, inner membrane permeability, morphology, and DNA integrity of spores devoid of both the coat and cortex revealed that sodium diacetate significantly hindered the transition of germinated spores into vegetative cells. In the presence of sodium diacetate, C. perfringens spores underwent germination, characterized by the hydrolysis of the spore cortex and the disassembly of the spore coat. As the spores advanced into the outgrowth phase, sodium diacetate penetrated their structure, causing damage to the inner membrane and compromising DNA integrity. Moreover, sodium diacetate was demonstrated to effectively inhibit spore outgrowth in ham sausage. This study provided theoretical guidance and references for the application of sodium diacetate in food to control the germination and outgrowth of spore‐forming bacteria.
Evaluation of the In Vivo Skin Penetration of TXVector by Confocal Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Winn Daniel , Gilreath Andrea , Pajuelo David , Meissner Justyna M. , Mullor Jose L. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTranexamic acid (TXA) is a promising active to treat hyperpigmentation disorders, such as melasma and acne scars. However, TXA is highly hydrophilic and its penetration into the skin is poor and formulation dependent.AimsIn this study, our aim was to evaluate the in vivo skin penetration of an ester‐modified TXA, TXVector, directly on the skin of volunteers.MethodsFor the analysis of in vivo skin penetration of TXVector, we used in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRS). The use of CRS on live skin allows us to study directly how a compound affects skin composition at different depths and how this compound penetrates into the skin in real time.ResultsOur results showed that the TXA absorption into the skin via TXVector was 2.1‐fold and 3.8‐fold higher compared to free TXA 3% and TXA 1% formulations, respectively. Most importantly, upon application of TXVector, the TXA penetration flux into the skin was 107% and 280% higher than that of the free TXA 3% and TXA 1% formulations, respectively.ConclusionsIn summary, this study shows that the esterification‐based TXVector formulation enhances the penetration flux of TXA and increases its bioavailability in the skin.
Predictive Factors for Swallowing Function Decline in Older Adults With Alzheimer's Disease: A 1‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Shirobe Maki , Edahiro Ayako , Motokawa Keiko , Morishita Shiho , Ohara Yuki , Watanabe Yutaka , Iwasaki Masanori , Hirano Hirohiko 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBy 2060, the global burden of dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD), is expected to increase significantly, necessitating effective palliative care strategies. Dysphagia, a common condition among people with dementia, leads to malnutrition, aspiration pneumonia, and a reduced quality of life.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify oral health management factors that could predict a decline in swallowing function in older adults with AD.MethodsData from the Akita–Omorimachi study, which included 63 adults diagnosed with AD, were analysed. Swallowing function was assessed using the modified water‐swallowing test (MWST) at baseline and after 1 year.ResultsThe results indicated that 25.4% of participants exhibited a decline in swallowing function, as indicated by a decrease from the highest MWST score of 5 at baseline to a lower score at follow‐up. Poisson regression analysis revealed that refusal of oral care (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 7.28), tongue coating (IRR: 4.21), and unclear articulation of /ka/ (IRR: 5.79) were significant predictors of swallowing function decline. The participants with these indicators had a higher risk of developing dysphagia.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that factors related to specific oral health problems may predict poor swallowing function in older adults with AD. Moreover, implementing targeted oral care interventions, including person‐centered care and regular tongue cleaning, may improve the outcomes in this vulnerable population. Despite the limitations of this study, including a small sample size, the results underscore the importance of comprehensive oral health management in preventing dysphagia‐related complications.
Predictive factors associated with short‐term mortality in cats with feline infectious peritonitis treated with remdesivir or GS‐441524 or both
Authors: Goto Sho , Kamiyoshi Tsuyoshi , Iwasaki Ryota 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough most cats with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) respond to treatment with remdesivir or GS‐441524 or both with uneventful clinical courses, some die despite treatment.ObjectiveIdentify predictive factors associated with short‐term mortality in cats with FIP treated with IV remdesivir or PO GS‐441524 or both.AnimalsA total of 108 client‐owned cats with FIP.MethodsRetrospective multicenter study using data collected from medical records. Factors associated with short‐term mortality, defined as death within 84 days, were identified. Univariate analysis a t‐test, Mann‐Whitney U test, or Fisher's exact test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to assess patient characteristics and clinicopathological variables between survivors and nonsurvivors.ResultsThe short‐term mortality rate was 12.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6%‐19.7%). Univariate analysis identified plasma lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH; P < .001) and bilirubin concentration (P = .001) as being significantly increased in nonsurvivors, whereas concentrations of albumin (P = .003), total protein (P = .03), sodium (P = .005), and potassium (P = .005) were significantly lower. Additionally, nonsurvivors were significantly less likely to be febrile (≥39.4°C; P = .006). Of these variables, only plasma LDH activity ≥323 U/L, a cut‐point determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, was significantly associated with short‐term mortality by multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 15.30; 95% CI, 1.18‐198.00; P = .04).ConclusionIncreased plasma LDH activity might be useful for predicting short‐term mortality, guiding monitoring, and establishing prognosis in cats with FIP.
Overview and progress in promoting the rule of law at the Latin America and Caribbean level
Authors: Dueñas Carlos Cerda 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn 2015, heads of state and government, and high representatives adopted the post‐2015 development agenda, known today as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Target 16.3 promotes the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensures equal access to justice for all. This article focuses on the inclusion of the rule of law in the sustainable development goals in Latin America. The central theme is the absence of an indicator to measure progress and the analysis of possible reasons for having omitted the tools that have already been developed for this purpose.