bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relevance of the parchment support in an Armenian Bible and two Gospels from the 17th century by micro-infrared spectroscopy and micro-ATR spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Yang Tzu-Yi , Grigoryan Hermine , Nabais Paula , Melo Maria João , Kazarian Sergei G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The study of the support of three magnificent Armenian manuscripts produced in the 17th century was driven because the possibility of paper support was considered. The Bible LA 152 and the Gospels LA 193 and LA 253 were made in the Armenian diaspora, in Crimea and Constantinople, respectively. Micro‑Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and micro-ATR spectroscopic imaging proved that collagen was present with variable amounts of calcium carbonate in the Bible LA 152, Gospels LA 193, and LA 253. Furthermore, calcium carbonate is dominant in the Bible LA 152. Other compounds were also identified. In the Bible LA 152, a Si-O-based compound, and in Gospel LA 253, a cellulose-based material. The Si-O-based compound was detected both by ATR and transmission. It can be a glass compound applied as a powder, which needs to be further explored. The C-H region is highly relevant, as it opens up the possibility of using a tempera based on egg white for the two Gospels. This practical application of the research findings could have significant implications for future manuscript studies, underscoring the importance of this research and its potential to influence the practical aspects of manuscript production.
Goat Skin (Capra Aegagruss Erxleben, 1777): A Promising and Sustainable Source of Collagen
Authors: de Vasconcelos Jamile Maria Pereira Bastos Lira , Neri Robson Coelho de Araújo , de Barros Amanda Vieira , Silva Carlos Eduardo Sales da , Galindo Maria Cecília Ferreira , de Veras Bruno Oliveira , Bezerra Ranilson Souza , de Oliveira Maria Betânia Melo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The aim of the study was to extract and characterize collagen from solid untanned skin waste from the processing of leather in a Capra aegagrus tannery. Using pepsin (SPC), 37 grams of collagen were obtained from 100 grams of dry weight skin. Characterization took place using SDS-PAGE, FTIR and UV absorption techniques, identifying it as type I collagen. The ultraviolet (UV) absorption spectrum showed a peak at 238 nm. In the thermogram, the maximum transition temperature was 56º C. Using the electrophoresis technique, it was observed that SPC consists of band patterns formed by a γ chain, a β chain and two distinct α chains (α1 and α2). In the FTIR analysis, the collagen showed the absorption peaks for the amides, showing that the SPC extraction process maintained the integrity of the molecule. To observe the effect of NaCl concentration on the solubility of SPC, the collagen showed high solubility, up to a concentration of 2% NaCl. The solubility peak was observed at pH 4.0, with a sharp drop until pH 7.0, reaching its minimum point at pH 10. Scanning microscopy showed some irregular surfaces, cavities and fibrous structures, which may favor the application of collagen as a biomaterial. The zeta potential found the isoelectric point of collagen at pH = 6.61. These results indicate that the collagen obtained has a high level of structural integrity and can be applied as an alternative source, as well as adding value to a waste product that is often discarded in the environment.
Exosomal miR-184 Facilitates Bladder Cancer Progression by Targeting AKR1C3 and Inducing Immune Escape via IRF2-CXCL10 Axis
Authors: Ying Wenwei , Zhao Ying , He Yuhui , Deng Yisen , Gan Xiaoming , Li Peizhe , Chen Xing , Ding Zhenshan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying bladder cancer progression remain unclear. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been used to treat bladder cancer, but their efficacy is limited. Exosomes, which play a critical role in cell communication, can alter the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the impact of bladder cancer exosomes on the tumor microenvironment. Our research demonstrates a significant up-regulation of miR-184 in exosomes derived from bladder cancer cells. miR-184 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation in vitro and facilitates tumor growth in mice by targeting the 3’ UTR of AKR1C3 mRNA. Additionally, miR-184 targets IRF2 mRNA, reducing its transcriptional inhibition on CXCL10. This process induces the expression of CXCL10, which promotes the infiltration of CD8 + T cells into the tumor. However, these infiltrating T cells become exhausted. In summary, our study reveals that bladder cancer-derived exosomes deliver miR-184, which targets AKR1C3, contributing to bladder carcinogenesis and development. We also investigate how the IRF2-CXCL10 pathway induces T cell exhaustion and leads to immune escape. This research provides new insights into the immunotherapy of bladder cancer, highlighting potential molecular targets for more effective treatment strategies.
The comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of porcine immune tissues and the early peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) immune dynamics reveal core immune genes
Authors: Zhao Qingyao , Wang Jiahao , Ma Fuping , Chen Quanzhen , Liu Huatao , Yang Jinyan , Chen Siqian , Tang Yongjie , Mi Siyuan , Wang Lulu , Wang Xini , Liu Guohong , Xing Kai , Yu ying , Wang Chuduan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background: Viral diseases have profoundly influenced the sustainable development of the swine farming industry. The immune system of an organism is the source of disease resistance in livestock, consisting of various immune tissues, as well as the immune cells and cytokines they produce. However, comprehensive systematic studies on porcine immune tissues are still rare. Additionally, Poly(I:C) serves as a viral mimic and can be used to study the immune response of the body during virus infection.
Results: WGCNA analysis identified core immune genes across six immune tissues in Landrace pigs, which are also crucial for the development of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The examination of the changes in the proportion of immune cells during three developmental stages shows a shift from innate immunity to humoral immunity. By integrating different epigenetic genomics datasets, we identified several key core immune genes and their causal variants, including the IFI44 gene. Functional validation studies reveal that the IFI44 gene acts as a negative regulator of the antiviral response; its inhibition effect significantly reduced Poly(I:C)-induced cell necrosis, while enhancing apoptosis to combat viral infections.
Conclusion: Our study elucidated the fundamental transcriptional program in porcine immune tissues and the immunodynamics underlying development of PBMCs, identifying many core immune genes, including IFI44, which plays a critical negative regulator role in the antiviral response, providing valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at enhancing pig disease resistance.
Clinical application of the quantitative fetal heart quantification in the evaluation of right heart function in fetuses with redundancy foramen ovale flap
Authors: Su Xiao-rong , Wang Ai-lin , Tie Hong-xia , Yang Qiong-yu , Cao Shu-na , Li Tian-gang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
To investigate the clinical value of fetal heart quantification (fetal HQ) in the evaluation of right ventricular size, morphology and cardiac function in fetuses with redundancy foramen ovale flap (RFOF).
Methods
31 fetuses diagnosed with RFOF through echocardiography from September 2021 to December 2023 were selected as the control group, and 62 healthy fetuses that matched the age and gestational period of the pregnant women in the RFOF group were chosen as the control group. Fetal HQ software provided by GE Voluson E10 was employed to automatically track endocardial parameters of the right ventricle in 24 segments.
Results
The internal diameter of foramen ovale in RFOF group was significantly smaller than that of normal fetal diameter in control group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). Comparing the morphological parameters of the fetuses in the RFOF group and the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in the GSI scores (P > 0.05), but the RV-LED of the fetuses in the RFOF group in the segments of 1–24 were higher than the fetuses in the normal control group (both P < 0.05), and the RV-SI was lower than that in the normal control group (all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The Fetal HQ technique enables accurate localisation of the site of the RFOF foetal lesion by rapid quantitative analysis of morphological and functional parameters of the right ventricle of the foetal heart.
Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor biomarker is not a predictor of mortality in high-risk hip fracture patients
Authors: Avgerinos Konstantinos , Katsanos Spyridon , Altsitzioglou Pavlos , Zikopoulos Alexandros , Roustemis Anastasios , Konstantas Orestis , Zafeiris Ioannis , Soucacos Fotini , Serenidis Dimitrios , Mastrokalos Dimitrios , Koulalis Dimitrios , Mavrogenis Andreas 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (SuPAR) is a biomarker of inflammation and immune activation that has been related with mortality in a vast spectrum of diseases in the elderly. Its prognostic value in preoperative evaluation for non-cardiac surgery has been promising. However, up to date there are no studies in high-risk patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Therefore, we performed this prospective study aims to evaluate the prognostic value of SuPAR and other common clinical, echocardiographic and blood biomarkers for the 1 year survival of high-risk hip fracture surgery patients.
Methods
We studied 46 patients with hip fracture that underwent hip fracture surgery from 2019 to 2024. There were 10 men and 36 women, over 65 years of age (mean, 85 ± 8 years) with at least one high-risk characteristic (dementia, chronic immobilization, age > 90 years). Upon admission, complete clinical and laboratory assessments, including electrocardiogram and cardiac ultrasonography, radiographs, and blood sampling were conducted. Serum blood levels of SuPAR as well as natriuretic peptides and troponin I were measured. The Katz index of frailty was calculated. The patients were followed for 1 year after admission and hip fracture surgery. At that time, the patients or their relatives were contacted through telephone, and their 1 year survival was documented.
Results
Overall, 25 (54.3%) patients were dead at 1 year examination. There was no significant difference in baseline values of SuPAR between patients dead or alive at follow up (6.30 ng/dl [range, 4.95–7.05 ng/dl] vs 6.25 ng/dl [4.25–9.05 ng/dl], respectively; p-value = 0.767], and SuPAR has not been related to 1-year mortality (HR: 0.802; 95% CI: 0.248–2.595; p-value = 0.712). The only univariate and multivariate predictors of survival were age (HR: 1.098; 95% CI: 1.003–1.181; p = 0.041) and Katz Index ≤ 4 (HR: 4.490; 95% CI: 1.180-17.093; p = 0.028).
Conclusion
This study showed that SuPAR is not a predictive factor for 1-year mortality in high-risk patients undergoing hip fracture surgery. Older age and Katz index score ≤ 4 were the only independent predictors of 1 year mortality. Therefore, SuPAR and similar biomarkers should not be considered in the evaluation of mortality in high-risk hip fracture patients.
Can a mountain goat hoof have mechanical intelligence to autonomously stop a slippage?
Authors: Kalogroulis Chris , Ranjan Alok , Hewett Jonah , Angelini Franco , Garabini Manolo , Nanayakkara Thrishantha 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This paper explores the mechanical intelligence of a mountain goat-type hoof designed for passive dynamic slip resistance on inclined natural surfaces. We tested the hypothesis that specific mechanical features in the hoof can be tuned to leverage natural sloped terrain characteristics for slip reduction. We took a situated heuristics-based approach to iteratively design the hoof by conducting multiple rounds of experiments in an Alpine-type environment in the UK Peak District National Park. Experimental observations indicate that the combination of contact surface geometries and materials and direction-dependent compliance in different degrees of freedom in the hoof is crucial for reducing slip on slopes. Detailed indoor experiments at varying slope angles and load levels demonstrate that passive stick and slip episodes during slipping correlate with reduced slip distance following a forced slip from rest. Additionally, tests of different slope surfaces showed that the passive slip dynamics also depended on the mechanical properties of the slope itself. Overall, these results affirm that a situated heuristics-based design approach effectively builds mechanical intelligence in a robot, enabling it to optimize interactions with its environment for improved slip resistance.
Food Improvement Goals in Schools (FIGS I): A qualitative evaluation of a whole-school approach to healthy food provision in primary schools
Authors: Concha Natalia , Bryant Maria , Dezateux Carol , Scammell Katy , Brownell Rab , ODonoghue Mathilda , Singh Pratima , Hawking Meredith K.D. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Free school meals offer a crucial safety net for children facing poverty and food insecurity. In the London Borough of Tower Hamlets in England, where over half of local children experience poverty, child-centred policies like universal free school meals have been implemented to support all children, regardless of family income. Despite World Health Organization recommendations for whole-school approaches to food, many schools have yet to implement them. The Food Improvement Goals in Schools I study, funded by ActEarly, evaluated the “Fantastic Food in Schools” programme, aiming to improve whole-school approaches to healthy food, including universal free school meals, in Tower Hamlets’ primary schools.
Methods
Informed by material, relational and symbolic factors, we explored how food provision and interventions were perceived and practiced in six primary schools. A focused ethnography was conducted over 210 hours across seven months in 2023, involving observations of interventions, sharing lunches with children and over 100 informal conversations. We carried out semi-structured interviews with 16 staff, 20 parents and 12 mini-groups with 43 children, using creative methods. Data were analysed thematically and interpreted through panels with community researchers.
Results
Universal free school meals were perceived to promote equity and health, particularly given the UK cost-of-living crisis. Child-centred interventions engaged children and families, encouraging healthy eating at school and at home. Schools served as spaces to explore food’s cultural significance, helping navigate the complexities of children’s preferences, familiarity, identities, healthier eating and needs in a diverse community. School menus improved, given collaborative efforts from catering services and kitchen staff. Yet, resource challenges and growing parental expectations to address systemic issues like food insecurity highlight the need for greater funding and policy-based support.
Conclusions
Universal free school meals and whole-school approaches to food can enable equitable cultural inclusion in diverse, urban areas like Tower Hamlets, supporting Sustainable Development Goal 2: Zero Hunger. However, these initiatives require increased funding and targeted financial incentives for schools to implement them effectively. Local authorities need the backing of educational policy to prioritise and secure the necessary resources to promote healthy eating and ensure equitable access to nutritious food for all children.
Examining experiences of gender identities, roles, and relations among men with same-gender sexual histories: Implications of gender nonconformity on access to quality healthcare in urban Ghana.
Authors: Nelson LaRon E. , Apreku Amos , Abu-Ba'are Gamji Rabiu , Dada Debbie , Foster Marcel , Stockton Melissa A. , Aidoo-Frimpong Gloria A. , Kuffour Oneil Fahd Osei , Adjei Gilbert , Manu Adom , Torpey Kwasi , Nyblade Laura , Logie Carmen H. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Globally, MSM—experience severe health disparities, including an increased risk of HIV acquisition. In Ghana’s urban centers, these disparities are influenced by intersectional stigma related to sexuality and gender nonconformity, yet limited research exists on the role of gender in driving stigma in the day-to-day interactions of MSM. This study aimed to understand (1) the experiences of gender identity and roles among MSM in Ghana and (2) how these experiences of gender shape daily urban life in Ghanaian social interactions, including interpersonal interactions in healthcare settings. We conducted a qualitative description using secondary data generated from focus groups and in-depth interviews with adult MSM and health care workers in Accra and Kumasi, Ghana. Data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. We identified five factors that describe the experiences of gender roles, identities, and relations and identified one theme regarding the influence of gender on MSM daily life. First, understandings of gender roles were influenced by local binary gendered expectations regarding (1) appearance and presentation, (2) physical characteristics and personality traits, and (3) household and community responsibilities. The experience of gender identity was informed by perceptions of its (4) relationship to, or (5) independence from, physical anatomy. In Ghana, men’s gender nonconformity and its linkages to discrimination are complex, context dependent, and evolving. The interplay between gender nonconformity and same-gender sex stigma undermines access to quality health care threatens the well-being of Ghanaian MSM.
Chinese National Library Classification Number: TM933 Document Identification Code: A Electricity Metering Technology for Power Grid Terminals Considering Dual Carbon Clean Energy
Authors: CHENG Xingliang , Mingli ZHOU , LI Xiaojun , Tongyang ZOU , Siyu MEN , Lin CHEN 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In response to the low efficiency of information collection and the lagging efficiency of fault diagnosis, this study constructed a power user electricity information collection system including terminal device layer, gateway interface layer, front-end processor, and front-end processor application layer. A data collector based on STM32F103RBT6 chip was designed, and edge devices were improved. The collection system has built-in monitoring and fault diagnosis functions, which can achieve external communication of various data and improve data collection capabilities. The experiment shows that the collection accuracy of the method in this study is 95%, which is 20% higher than the method in literature three.
Growing human-induced climate change footprint in regional weekly fire extremes
Authors: Feng Sifang , Zscheischler Jakob , Hao Zengchao , Bevacqua Emanuele 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Wildfires cause large damage to natural and human systems. Despite the clear connection between human-induced climate change and increased fire weather risk, a global, systematic attribution of observed extreme fires to human-induced climate change is lacking. Here, we address this gap by first linking observed regional weekly burned area extremes (>85th percentile) to the fire weather index (FWI) during the fire seasons of 2002-2015 via a logistic regression model, and then using simulations from climate models to quantify the impact of human-induced climate change. Focusing on regions with good predictability of the statistical model, we find that human-induced climate change was responsible for a fraction equal to 8 % of the predicted probability of more than 700 regional fire extremes across regions on average, thereby increasing the probability of experiencing a fire extreme across 15 out of 19 analysed regions. While higher temperature is the main driver of the increased fire extreme probability, shifts in precipitation, relative humidity, and/or wind speed substantially modulated fire changes across many regions. Due to warming, the probability of extreme fires attributable to human-induced climate change increased by 5.2 %/decade globally over 2002-2015, indicating a recent acceleration of climate-driven enhancement of fire extremes that may continue in the near future. These findings highlight the urgent need for sustainable fire management strategies.
Development of Ricinoleic acid-derived plasticizers and their utilization in poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Mohanty Jyoti Darsan , Mhaske S. T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

External plasticization technique is widely used to improve Polylactic Acid (PLA) processability and flexibility. The key to successful plasticization is the miscibility and diffusion of plasticizers to the polymer structure to ensure the long-term stability of the material. Many of the plasticizers used in polymer plasticization are synthetically derived and phthalate based, which are carcinogenic and can be leached out from the polymer at ambient temperature. The implication of the idea is to plasticize PLA with Ricinoleic acid-based derived ester and know its effect on the mechanical, thermal, rheological, and morphological properties. The properties were characterised through different analytical techniques like UTM, TGA, DSC, FT-IR, and Parallel Plate Rheometer. Ricinoleic acid-based ester and Ricinoleic-Benzoic acid-based ester are synthesized from Ricinoleic acid, Benzoic acid, and Trimethylolpropane. The extent of the Reaction is confirmed by comparing its actual and theoretical acid values. Ester formation was confirmed by using FT-IR analysis. 1H NMR is performed to verify the Reaction and structure of the compound. Ricinoleic ester (RE) and Benzoic Ricinoleic ester (BRE) show more excellent stability in viscosity at Blending temperature with PLA. The loading of BRE and RE plasticizer in (phr) into the PLA, Benzoic-Ricinoleic Triester (BRE), offers more excellent compatibility than the Ricinoleic Triester (RE). Both synthesized plasticizers are compatible with PLA and provide effective Plasticization.
AM-PromptIR:Adaptive Multi-Prompt Information-Guided Multi-Scale All-in-One Image Restoration
Authors: Zhang Sen , Wang Jinhua , He Ning , Xu Sunhan , Wang Donghui , Liu Shuai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The objective of All-in-One image restoration is to address various types of degradations in low-quality images—such as noise, haze, blur, and raindrops—using a single model to produce high-quality outputs. Although existing models perform well, they either rely solely on visual information or separately handle visual and semantic data, which limits their adaptability. To overcome this limitation, we introduce AM-PromptIR, an adaptive multi-modal prompt learning method. AM-PromptIR features an adaptive multi-modal prompt generation module that dynamically guides the model to address different types of degradation through multi-modal information. Additionally, the multi-scale feature extraction and enhancement-fusion module captures relationships across different scales for various types of degradation information and optimizes their integration. Experimental results demonstrate that AM-PromptIR improves PSNR by 5.5% for dehazing tasks, by 4.0% for deraining tasks, and increases denoising PSNR by at least 1.0% across various noise levels, underscoring its robustness in addressing multiple degradation issues. Our code are available here: https://github.com/buuzhangsen/AM-PromptIR.