bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The lncRNA CCAT2 rs6983267 G allele is associated with decreased susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Che Di , Huang Wendong , Fang Zhenzhen , Li Li , Wu Haiying , Pi Lei , Zhou Huazhong , Xu Yufen , Fu LanYan , Tan Yaqian , Lu Zhaoliang , Li Qingfeng , Gu Xiaoqiong 
Published: April 2019

AbstractGenetics might play various roles in susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage, and previous studies suggest that some gene polymorphisms might be associated with abortion and breast cancer onset. Colon cancer‐associated transcript 2 (CCAT2) is a novel long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) transcript that might be correlated with susceptibility to multiple cancers, including breast cancer. However, whether lncRNA CCAT2 polymorphisms are related to susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage is unclear. We genotyped two lncRNA CCAT2 polymorphisms (rs6983267 and rs3843549) in 248 patients with recurrent miscarriage and 392 controls through a TaqMan real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay, and the strength of each association was evaluated via 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and odds ratios (ORs). Our results showed that the rs6983267 G allele in lncRNA CCAT2 was associated with decreased susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage (TG vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.603; 95% CI = 0.420–0.866; p = 0.0062; GG/TG vs. TT: adjusted OR = 0.620; 95% CI = 0.441–0.873; p = 0.0061). The combined analysis of the two protective polymorphisms (rs3843549 AA and rs6983267 TG/GG) revealed that individuals with two unfavorable alleles exhibited a lower risk of recurrent miscarriage than those with no or only one unfavorable allele (adjusted OR = 0.531; 95% CI = 0.382–0.739). Moreover, the decreased risk associated with the two protective alleles was most obvious in women aged less than 35 years (OR = 0.551; 95% CI = 0.378–0.8803; p = 0.0019) and in women with two to three miscarriages (adjusted OR = 0.466; 95% CI = 0.318–0.683; p < 0.0001). In conclusion, our study indicates that the rs6983267G allele might contribute to a decreased risk of recurrent miscarriage in the South Chinese population.
Asprosin attenuates insulin signaling pathway through PKCδ‐activated ER stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle
Authors: Jung Tae Woo , Kim Hyoung‐Chun , Kim Ho Ung , Park Taekwang , Park Jinwoo , Kim Uiseok , Kim Min Kyoon , Jeong Ji Hoon 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIt has been reported that asprosin is a novel adipokine which is augmented in mice and humans with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Asprosin stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis under fasting conditions. However, the roles of asprosin in inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle has not been studied. In the currents study, elevated levels of asprosin expression were observed in adipocytes under hyperlipidemic conditions. Treatment of C2C12 myocytes with asprosin‐induced ER stress markers (phosphorylated inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 and eukaryotic initiation factor 2, and CHOP expression) as well as inflammation markers (interleukin‐6 expression, phosphorylated IκB, and nuclear translocated nuclear factor‐κβ). Finally, asprosin treatment promoted exacerbation of insulin sensitivity as determined by levels of insulin receptor substrate 1 and Akt phosphorylation as well as glucose uptake. Moreover, treatment of asprosin augmented protein kinase C‐δ (PKCδ) phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, but suppressed messenger RNA expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2b in both C2C12 myocytes and in mouse soleus skeletal muscle. These asprosin‐induced effects were markedly decreased in small interfering (si) RNA‐mediated PKCδ‐knockdown in C2C12 myocytes. These results suggest that asprosin results in impairment of insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle through PKCδ‐associated ER stress/inflammation pathways and may be a valuable strategy for management of insulin resistance and T2DM.
Viral suppression among children and their caregivers living with HIV in western Kenya
Authors: Humphrey John M , Genberg Becky L , Keter Alfred , Musick Beverly , Apondi Edith , Gardner Adrian , Hogan Joseph W , Wools‐Kaloustian Kara 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIntroductionDespite the central role of caregivers in managing HIV treatment for children living with HIV, viral suppression within caregiver–child dyads in which both members are living with HIV is not well described.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of children living with HIV <15 years of age and their caregivers living with HIV attending HIV clinics affiliated with the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) in Kenya between 2015 and 2017. To be included in the analysis, children and caregivers must have had ≥1 viral load (VL) during the study period while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) for ≥6 months, and the date of the caregiver's VL must have occurred ±90 days from the date of the child's VL. The characteristics of children, caregivers and dyads were descriptively summarized. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of viral non‐suppression (≥ 1000 copies/mL) in children, adjusting for caregiver and child characteristics.ResultsOf 7667 children who received care at AMPATH during the study period, 1698 were linked to a caregiver living with HIV and included as caregiver–child dyads. For caregivers, 94% were mothers, median age at ART initiation 32.8 years, median CD4 count at ART initiation 164 cells/mm3 and 23% were not virally suppressed. For children, 52% were female, median age at ART initiation 4.2 years, median CD4 values at ART initiation were 15% (age < 5 years) and 396 cells/mm3 (age ≥ 5 years), and 38% were not virally suppressed. In the multivariable model, children were found more likely to not be virally suppressed if their caregivers were not suppressed compared to children with suppressed caregivers (aOR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.86 to 3.10). Other characteristics associated with child viral non‐suppression included caregiver ART regimen change prior to the VL, caregiver receipt of a non‐NNRTI‐based regimen at the time of the VL, younger child age at ART initiation and child tuberculosis treatment at the time of the VL.ConclusionsChildren were at higher risk of viral non‐suppression if their caregivers were not virally suppressed compared to children with suppressed caregivers. A child's viral suppression status should be closely monitored if his or her caregiver is not suppressed.
Human bocavirus detection and quantification in fecal and serum specimens from recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A longitudinal study
Authors: Costa Brunno Câmara Lopes , Dábilla Nathânia Alves Silva , Almeida Tâmera Nunes , Fiaccadori Fabíola Souza , de Souza Teresinha Teixeira , Cardoso Divina das Dores de Paula , Arantes Adriano de Moraes , Souza Menira 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of human bocavirus (HBoV) and to determine viral loads in samples of patients admitted for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT).MethodsFecal and serum samples were collected from 19 patients, during a 24‐month period. Samples were screened by quantitative polymerase chain reaction TaqMan assay, with specific probe and primers targeting the NP1 gene of all HBoVs genotypes (HBoV‐1 to ‐ 4), and viral loads were determined using serial dilutions of a recombinant plasmid.ResultsHBoV DNA was detected in 42.1% (8 of 19) of the patients in at least one type of sample (feces and/or serum) during the study period, with 75% (6 of 8) of the patients being positive in both types of sample. Viral shedding in feces had a median of 26 days (range, 5 to 121) and viremia was detected in 87.5% (7 of 8) of the patients. The HBoV loads in fecal samples were higher than in sera and, in most cases, HBoV was detected earlier in fecal than in sera samples. In six HBoV‐positive patients (6 of 8) diarrhea was observed concomitantly to viral detection in fecal samples.ConclusionsA high frequency and loads of HBoV in allo‐HSCT recipients was observed, especially in fecal samples. Positivity in fecal samples was an early predictor of HBoV presence.
Testing mechanisms underlying the Hedley sequential phosphorus extraction of soils
Authors: Klotzbücher Anika , Kaiser Klaus , Klotzbücher Thimo , Wolff Maximilian , Mikutta Robert 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Hedley fractionation has become the preeminent measure for estimating the bioavailability of phosphorus (P) in soils. However, mechanisms underlying P extractability have never been tested. We hypothesize that P sequentially extracted by individual steps can either be referred to a specific mineral source (Hypothesis 1) or to its binding strength to minerals (Hypothesis 2). We prepared mineral‐P associations in the laboratory using various secondary mineral phases and P forms (orthophosphate, phytic acid, ribonucleic acid), which were then subject to the Hedley sequential extraction scheme (anion exchange resin in
form, 0.5 M NaHCO3, 0.1 M NaOH, 1 M HCl, and concentrated HCl at 80°C). Extracts were analyzed for P as well as for the main mineral‐borne elements by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP–OES). In order to test if the observed mineral dissolution patterns match those of natural soils, we applied the Hedley fractionation to forest soils comprising various P stocks and measured in addition to extracted P also iron, aluminum, and calcium by ICP–OES. Phosphorus extractability from mineral‐P associations differed between P forms and mineral phases. Adsorbed P always contributed to several or all extracts, Hypothesis 1 was thus not tenable. Aluminum hydroxide, allophane, ferrihydrite, and goethite completely dissolved during Hedley fractionation from the third extraction step onwards. Successive mineral dissolution also occurred for the soil samples. Thus, extracted P represents partly desorbed P from various soil constituents and partly P co‐released upon dissolution of various minerals. Consequently, also Hypothesis 2 could not be confirmed, i.e., the sequential extraction is not suitable to assess different binding strengths between P forms and minerals. We conclude that the method hardly provides information for studies aiming at the mechanistic understanding of P bioavailability in soil.
Effect of novel atmospheric‐pressure jet pretreatment on the drying kinetics and quality of white grapes
Authors: Huang Chien‐Chih , Wu James Swi‐Bea , Wu Jong‐Shinn , Ting Yuwen 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDRaisin is a popular snack and a common constituent of many foods owing to its good flavor and nutritional value. Conventional drying of grapes can be a slow and energy‐consuming process as their waxy surface hinders efficient moisture migration. A drying pretreatment that disrupts the waxy cuticle is usually applied to increase the drying rate.RESULTSThe application of an atmospheric‐pressure air plasma jet to the grape surface could effectively enhance the drying kinetics and decrease the drying time by more than 20%. Through etching of the waxy cuticle, the air plasma jet optimally improves the quality of the final product. Although the surface hydrophilicity was increased by 40%, the physical appearance, color, and texture of plasma‐treated raisins were similar to the product from untreated control and chemical‐treated groups. A more than twofold increase in the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity was observed when compared to other experimental groups.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that atmospheric plasma could be a better option than using chemicals to pretreat grapes before drying since it leaves no toxic residue, while successfully preserving the product quality. This work shows the great potential for the application of atmospheric air plasma in the drying of food materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Free radical scavenging and anti‐inflammatory potential of a protein hydrolysate derived from salmon bones on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells
Authors: Saisavoey Tanatorn , Sangtanoo Papassara , Reamtong Onrapak , Karnchanatat Aphichart 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSalmon bones, a waste by‐product from the salmon industry, were used as a protein hydrolysate source for the production of bioactive peptides. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties of salmon bone protein hydrolysate (SBPH).RESULTSSalmon bones were hydrolyzed by separately using one of four proteases (Alcalase, Favourzyme, Neutrase and papain) at various concentrations (10, 25 and 50 mg mL−1), where the SBPH derived from 10 mg mL−1 papain hydrolysis exhibited the highest nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activity. After ultrafiltration, the MW < 0.65 kDa fraction showed the strongest NO inhibitory activity and was further fractionated by gel filtration chromatography (G1 and G2 fractions) and reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic fractionation of the G1 fraction, from which the three main peaks (H1, H2 and H3) were found to have a marked NO‐inhibitory activity and their peptide sequences were determined. Moreover, the G1 fraction was shown to inhibit both the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced NO production and the LPS‐induced inducible NO synthase , interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α and induced NO production and the LPSCOX‐2 mRNA levels in RAW 264.7 cells.CONCLUSIONSSalmon bones from the salmon fisheries and farming industry were utilized by enzymatic hydrolysis for the production of valuable peptides. The results of this study suggested that bioactive peptides derived from salmon bones would be alternative anti‐inflammation materials in functional resources. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Technically Adequate Images for Preparticipation Screening Echocardiography Can Be Obtained by Novices After a Single Day of Training
Authors: Stephen Victoria Sarah , Wells Mike 
Published: April 2019

ObjectivesEchocardiography‐naïve physicians were trained in a 1‐day course to determine whether they could obtain images adequate for preparticipation screening in athletes.MethodsTwenty‐six physicians with no previous experience in echocardiography were trained to perform preparticipation screening echocardiography during a 6‐hour course. Each image was rated for its technical quality on a diagnostic adequacy score. The time taken to perform the images was also evaluated.ResultsThe images obtained a median score of 3 (interquartile range, 2–4), which was considered adequate for preparticipation screening. Video clips achieved a higher rating than the still images, with a median score of 4 (interquartile range, 3–4). The best‐performing 50% of the participants obtained adequate images for screening 95% of the time after the initial training. Considering the group overall, 79.2% of all video clips were adequate. The median time to perform the scans was 39 seconds. The correlation between the time and adequacy score showed that the quickest novices were also able to obtain the best images.ConclusionsIt is feasible to use novice sonographers to perform preparticipation screening echocardiography provided that the skill of the candidates is assessed after training, and competent individuals are selected. Video images should be used rather than still images.
The impact of frailty on perioperative outcomes and resource utilization in sinonasal cancer surgery
Authors: Goel Alexander N. , Lee Jivianne T. , Gurrola Jose G. , Wang Marilene B. , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: April 2019

Objectives/HypothesisFrailty is a measure of decreased physiologic reserve that has been associated with adverse outcomes in older surgical patients. We aimed to measure the association of preoperative frailty with outcomes in patients undergoing sinonasal cancer surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsWe identified 5,346 patients in the Nationwide Readmissions Database undergoing sinonasal cancer surgery from 2010 to 2014. Frailty was defined using the Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups frailty‐defining diagnoses indicator. Multivariate regression was used to analyze the association of frailty with postoperative outcomes.ResultsFrailty was present in 7.4% of patients. Frailty was a significant independent predictor of intensive care unit–level complications (odds ratio [OR]: 4.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.95‐7.93; P < .001) and nonhome discharge (OR: 3.07; 95% CI: 1.68‐5.60; P < .001). Compared to nonfrail patients, frail patients had threefold longer median length of stay (12 days vs. 4 days; P < .001) and more than twofold higher median hospital costs ($44,408 vs. $18,660; P < .001). Frailty outperformed advanced comorbidity (defined as Charlson‐Deyo score ≥3), age ≥80 years, and markers of surgical complexity (e.g., skull base/orbit involvement, flap reconstruction, neck dissection) in predicting serious complications, nonhome discharge, length of stay, and hospital costs.ConclusionsFrailty appears to have a stronger and more consistent association with adverse outcomes and increased resource utilization after sinonasal cancer surgery than age or comorbidity index. This information may be used in surgical risk stratification and can guide strategies to prevent or mitigate adverse events in this high‐risk group.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 130:290–296, 2020
Genetic Identification of Species Responsible for Depredation in Commercial and Recreational Fisheries
Authors: Drymon J. Marcus , Cooper Pearce T. , Powers Sean P. , Miller Molly M. , Magnuson Sharon , Krell Evan , Bird Chris 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Depredation, the partial or complete removal of hooked fish (prey) by a nontarget predator species, is a cryptic interaction that negatively affects predators, prey, and fishing industries. However, these interactions are rarely observed, rendering positive identification of the predator nearly impossible. We therefore tested a genetic method for predator identification. Depredated remains from sharks and bony fish were sampled with buccal swabs. Genetic material was isolated from the swabs, which we hypothesized contained oral cells from the predator. A portion of the cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I locus was amplified using prey-specific blocking primers and sequenced in high depth using a metagenetics approach. We sequenced haplotypes from the remains of four sharks, where the predator was visually confirmed, and four bony fish, where the predator was unknown. For all interactions with known predators, our technique suggested the correct predator species. For all interactions where the predators were unknown, our technique suggested species previously confirmed as perpetrators in depredation events. Our findings provide a basis for the development of a genetic technique for predator identification, while highlighting challenges to be overcome before predator identification can be applied to large-scale fisheries.
The correlation of adenosine challenge test results with subsequent clinical course among young children with suspected asthma: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Rottenstreich Amihai , Picard Elie , Avital Avraham , Springer Chaim , Cohen Shlomo 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAimOur aim was to evaluate the correlation of Adenosine monophosphate challenge test (AMP‐PCW) results with the patients' subsequent clinical course.MethodsWe performed a 6‐year retrospective cohort study of young children with suspected asthma who underwent AMP‐PCW test.ResultsFifty four children were included in the study (median age, 50.5 months; range, 26‐90). AMP‐PCW was positive in 35 (65%) children. During the 3‐year follow‐up period, among 22 of 35 patients in the positive AMP‐PCW group and among 17 of 19 in the negative AMP‐PCW group—prophylactic therapy was not changed. Prophylactic therapy was initiated or its dose was escalated in 12 of 13 (92.3%) of the children with a positive AMP‐PCW test compared to none of the children with a negative challenge test (P < 0.001). Prophylactic therapy was discontinued in only one (7.6%) of the children with a positive test as compared to two (100%) of the children with a negative test (P < 0.001). There were significantly fewer severe asthma exacerbations during a 3‐year follow‐up period after the challenge test as compared to the preceding 3‐year period both in children with a positive (from 34 to 9 total events, P = 0.01) or a negative challenge test (from 16 to 0 events P = 0.01). The severity of airway hyper responsiveness was found to associate with the number of severe asthma exacerbations (P = 0.04) and with a diagnosis of asthma during the following 3 years (P = 0.02).ConclusionsAMP‐PCW test results correlates with the subsequent clinical course of young children with suspected asthma performing the test.
Protein tertiary structure modeling driven by deep learning and contact distance prediction in CASP13
Authors: Hou Jie , Wu Tianqi , Cao Renzhi , Cheng Jianlin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractPredicting residue‐residue distance relationships (eg, contacts) has become the key direction to advance protein structure prediction since 2014 CASP11 experiment, while deep learning has revolutionized the technology for contact and distance distribution prediction since its debut in 2012 CASP10 experiment. During 2018 CASP13 experiment, we enhanced our MULTICOM protein structure prediction system with three major components: contact distance prediction based on deep convolutional neural networks, distance‐driven template‐free (ab initio) modeling, and protein model ranking empowered by deep learning and contact prediction. Our experiment demonstrates that contact distance prediction and deep learning methods are the key reasons that MULTICOM was ranked 3rd out of all 98 predictors in both template‐free and template‐based structure modeling in CASP13. Deep convolutional neural network can utilize global information in pairwise residue‐residue features such as coevolution scores to substantially improve contact distance prediction, which played a decisive role in correctly folding some free modeling and hard template‐based modeling targets. Deep learning also successfully integrated one‐dimensional structural features, two‐dimensional contact information, and three‐dimensional structural quality scores to improve protein model quality assessment, where the contact prediction was demonstrated to consistently enhance ranking of protein models for the first time. The success of MULTICOM system clearly shows that protein contact distance prediction and model selection driven by deep learning holds the key of solving protein structure prediction problem. However, there are still challenges in accurately predicting protein contact distance when there are few homologous sequences, folding proteins from noisy contact distances, and ranking models of hard targets.