bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introducing the Temporal Dimension to Memory Forensics
Authors: Pagani Fabio , Fedorov Oleksii , Balzarotti Davide 
Published: March 2019

Kickstarted by the Digital Forensic Research Workshop (DFRWS) conference in 2005, modern memory analysis is now one of most active areas of computer forensics and it mostly focuses on techniques to locate key operating system data structures and extract high-level information. These techniques work on the assumption that the information inside a memory dump is consistent and the copy of the physical memory was obtained in an atomic operation.
Unfortunately, this is seldom the case in real investigations, where software acquisition tools record information while the rest of the system is running. Thus, since the content of the memory is changing very rapidly, the resulting memory dump may contain inconsistent data. While this problem is known, its consequences are unclear and often overlooked. Unfortunately, errors can be very subtle and can affect the results of an analysis in ways that are difficult to detect.

In this article, we argue that memory forensics should also consider the time in which each piece of data was acquired. This new
temporal dimension
provides a preliminary way to assess the reliability of a given result and opens the door to new research directions that can minimize the effect of the acquisition time or detect inconsistencies. To support our hypothesis, we conducted several experiments to show that inconsistencies are very frequent and can negatively impact an analysis. We then discuss modifications we made to popular memory forensic tools to make the temporal dimension explicit during the analysis and to minimize its effect by resorting to a
locality-based
acquisition.
Breast Phyllodes Tumors Recruit and Repolarize Tumor-Associated Macrophages via Secreting CCL5 to Promote Malignant Progression, Which Can Be Inhibited by CCR5 Inhibition Therapy
Authors: Nie Yan , Huang Hongyan , Guo Mingyan , Chen Jiewen , Wu Wei , Li Wende , Xu Xiaoding , Lin Xiaorong , Fu Wenkui , Yao Yandan , Zheng Fang , Luo Man-Li , Saw Phei Er , Yao Herui , Song Erwei , Hu Hai 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
Malignant phyllodes tumor (PT) is a fast-progression neoplasm derived from periductal stromal cells of the breast, which currently still lack effective treatment strategies. Our previous studies showed that the high density of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) plays an important role in the malignant progression of PTs. TAMs secreted large amount of CCL18 to promote myofibroblast differentiation and invasion via binding to its receptor PIPTNM3 on myofibroblasts. Herein, we investigate the mechanism of how TAMs are recruited and repolarized by PTs to drive the malignant progression.

Experimental Design:
The cytokines secreted by PTs were identified by the cytokine array. The clinical and pathologic correlations of the cytokine with PTs were estimated with IHC. The mechanisms of the cytokine that recruited and polarized the macrophage were explored with a coculture model of primary PT cells and macrophages in vitro and in vivo. The patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of malignant PTs were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of CCR5 inhibitor.

Results:
A high level of malignant PT-secreted CCL5 correlated with poor outcome of PTs and could be an independent prognostic factor of PTs. CCL5 bound to its receptor, CCR5, on macrophages thus activated AKT signaling to recruit and repolarize TAMs. Subsequently, the TAMs released CCL18 to further promote the aggressive phenotype of malignant PTs by enhancing and maintaining the myofibroblast differentiation and invasion in vitro and in vivo. In a murine PDX model of human malignant PTs, the CCL5–CCR5 axis blocked by maraviroc, an FDA-proved CCR5 inhibitor, prevented recruitment of monocytes to the tumor and dramatically suppressed tumor growth.

Conclusions:
Our findings indicate that malignant PTs recruit and repolarize TAMs through a CCL5-CCR5–driven signaling cascade. Thus, a positive feedback loop of CCL5-CCR5 and CCL18-PIPTNM3 between myofibroblast and TAMs is constituted to drive the malignant progression of PTs. Furthermore, targeting CCR5 with maraviroc represents a potential clinically available strategy to treat malignant PTs.
Two new species of marine flatworm from southern China facilitate determination of the phylogenetic position of the genus Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and the histochemical structure of the nervous system in the genus Paucumara Sluys, 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Maricola)
Authors: CHEN JIA-JIA , LI WEI-XUAN , SLUYS RONALD , WU MING-QI , WANG LEI , LI SHUANG-FEI , WANG AN-TAI 
Published: March 2019

Two new species of flatworm, collected from a beach at eastern Shenzhen, China, were studied through an integrative approach by combining morphological, histological, histochemical (acetylcholinesterase, AChE), and molecular (18S r- DNA) data. These species belong to two genera of marine triclads, previously unrecorded from China, viz. Nerpa Marcus, 1948 and Paucumara Sluys, 1989. Nerpa fistulata Wang & Chen, sp. nov. is characterized by: transparent body; principally pentamerous intestine with three distinct commissures; two very large, prepharyngeal testis follicles; a semi-circular lens in each eye cup; a penis papilla provided with a chitinized, pointed stylet; lateral bursae communicating with the oviduct and opening ventrally to the exterior via a duct. Phylogenetically N. fistulata groups with one member of the family Bdellouridae. This new, Chinese species of Nerpa introduces a major geographic disjunction, as the type species N. evelinae was described from the bay of Santos, Brazil, so that the genus is now known from both Atlantic as well as Pacific coasts. The species Paucumara falcata Wang & Li, sp. nov. is characterized by: three distinct pale yellow transverse pigmentation bands on its dorsal side, between which some snowflake-like specks are randomly distributed, and a brown transverse band anteriorly to the eyes; 8–11 testicular follicles on either side of the body, the follicles extending from immediately behind the ovaries to half-way along the pharyngeal pocket; a musculo-parenchymatic organ with a sclerotic, curved tip projecting from the anterior wall of the male atrium, ventrally to the root of the penis papilla. Phylogenetically P. falcata groups with its congener P. trigonocephala, with the genus Paucumara forming the sister taxon of the genus Ectoplana. Comparison of the nerve structure of P. falcata, as revealed by AChE histochemistry, with that of eight other species of triclad suggested that the nervous system of marine planarians is simpler than that of species of freshwater planarians, but revealed also that the nerve structure is rather variable among species. The copulatory position exhibited by two partners in Paucumara falcata is remarkable in that they intertwine, with their heads pointing downwards and the tails pointing upwards, the entire process lasting about 10 min. Such a copulatory position has never before been reported for triclad flatworms.
Impact of Gulfstream-IV Dropsondes on Tropical Cyclone Prediction in a Regional OSSE System
Authors: Ryan Kelly , Bucci Lisa , Delgado Javier , Atlas Robert , Murillo Shirley 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Aircraft reconnaissance missions remain the primary means of collecting direct measurements of marine atmospheric conditions affecting tropical cyclone formation and evolution. The National Hurricane Center tasks the NOAA G-IV aircraft to sample environmental conditions that may impact the development of a tropical cyclone threatening to make landfall in the United States or its territories. These aircraft data are assimilated into deterministic models and used to produce real-time analyses and forecasts for a given tropical cyclone. Existing targeting techniques aim to optimize the use of reconnaissance observations and partially rely on regions of highest uncertainty in the Global Ensemble Forecast System. Evaluating the potential impact of various trade-offs in the targeting process is valuable for determining the ideal aircraft flight track for a prospective mission. AOML’s Hurricane Research Division has developed a system for performing regional observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) to assess the potential impact of proposed observing systems on hurricane track and intensity forecasting. This study focuses on improving existing targeting methods by investigating the impact of proposed aircraft observing system designs through various sensitivity studies. G-IV dropsonde retrievals were simulated from a regional nature run, covering the life cycle of a rapidly intensifying Atlantic hurricane. Results from sensitivity studies provide insight into improvements for real-time operational synoptic surveillance targeting for hurricanes and tropical storms, where dropsondes released closer to the vortex–environment interface provide the largest impact on the track forecast. All dropsonde configurations provide a positive 2-day impact on intensity forecasts by improving the environmental conditions known to impact tropical cyclone intensity.
Characteristics of Intense Convection in Subtropical South America as Influenced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Bruick Zachary S. , Rasmussen Kristen L. , Rowe Angela K. , McMurdie Lynn A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEl Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is known to have teleconnections to atmospheric circulations and weather patterns around the world. Previous studies have examined connections between ENSO and rainfall in tropical South America, but little work has been done connecting ENSO phases with convection in subtropical South America. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) has provided novel observations of convection in this region, including that convection in the lee of the Andes Mountains is among the deepest and most intense in the world with frequent upscale growth into mesoscale convective systems. A 16-yr dataset from the TRMM PR is used to analyze deep and wide convection in combination with ERA-Interim reanalysis storm composites. Results from the study show that deep and wide convection occurs in all phases of ENSO, with only some modest variations in frequency between ENSO phases. However, the most statistically significant differences between ENSO phases occur in the three-dimensional storm structure. Deep and wide convection during El Niño tends to be taller and contain stronger convection, while La Niña storms contain stronger stratiform echoes. The synoptic and thermodynamic conditions supporting the deeper storms during El Niño is related to increased convective available potential energy, a strengthening of the South American low-level jet (SALLJ), and a stronger upper-level jet stream, often with the equatorward-entrance region of the jet stream directly over the convective storm locations. These enhanced synoptic and thermodynamic conditions provide insight into how the structure of some of the most intense convection on Earth varies with phases of ENSO.
Effets du Lifestyle Redesign chez les aînés : une recension systématique
Authors: Lévesque Marie-Hélène , Trépanier Jordane , Sirois Marie-Josée , Levasseur Mélanie 
Published: March 2019

Description. Le Lifestyle Redesign® (LR) a pour objectif de soutenir, à travers des routines occupationnelles saines et signifiantes, la santé, le fonctionnement et la qualité de vie d’aînés. Les données probantes concernant son efficacité et sa rentabilité sont toutefois dispersées. But. Cette étude visait à synthétiser les effets cliniques et le coût-efficacité du LR et à vérifier l’applicabilité des résultats en milieu communautaire québécois. Méthodologie. Une recension systématique des écrits a été réalisée, suivie d’un groupe de discussion auprès de quatre ergothérapeutes. Résultats. Considéré rentable (sous les 50 000 $ d’année de vie ajustée par la qualité), le LR présente des bénéfices tant pour la santé mentale que physique. Selon les ergothérapeutes consultés, la pertinence d’intégrer le LR à leur pratique est sans équivoque, mais comporte des défis. Conséquences. Le LR est une intervention ergothérapique dont les effets cliniques et le coût-efficacité sont prometteurs pour les aînés vivant dans la communauté.
The Effect of Political Parties on Nationwide Referendums in Poland after 1989
Authors: Hartliński Maciej 
Published: March 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Political Parties and Direct Democracy in Eastern Europe, guest-edited by Sergiu Gherghina. The article is the first attempt to describe and compare five nationwide referendums in Poland after 1989 as tools of direct democracy exploited by political parties. The article makes two primary contributions to the literature. The explanation focuses on the circumstances as well as the two main motives of the referendum initiators, that is, to cause trouble for political opponents and strengthen one’s own position by legitimising one’s own proposals concerning the political system and foreign policy directions. Moreover, the article discusses six methods employed by political parties to use the institution of nationwide referendum for their own political purposes. Interestingly, the Polish example shows that nationwide referendums have twofold effects for their initiators. On the one hand, they allow political parties to effectively realise the aims behind the initiated referendum. On the other hand, both political parties (1996, 1997, 2003) and presidents (1996 and 2015) sustained defeats in the next parliamentary or presidential elections.
Hijacked Direct Democracy: The Instrumental Use of Referendums in Romania
Authors: Gherghina Sergiu 
Published: March 2019

This article is part of the special cluster titled Political Parties and Direct Democracy in Eastern Europe, guest-edited by Sergiu Gherghina. The relationship between political parties and referendums has been receiving increased attention in the literature. While most research has focused on the challenges faced by political parties, little attention is dedicated to the ways in which they can use referendums to serve their purposes. This article analyzes the seven national-level referendums organized in post-communist Romania between 1991 and 2012 and shows how referendums were not used primarily as a means to reflect citizens’ opinions on policy issues. Instead, they were primarily used as electoral strategies for legitimacy purposes or to augment the popularity of the initiators or main supporters. In isolated instances, they were oriented against other competitors.
Factors associated with longer endocrine therapy use by South Carolina Medicaid-insured breast cancer survivors
Authors: Bedi Julie S , Mayo Rachel M , Chen Liwei , Dickes Lori , Sherrill Windsor W , Jones Karyn 
Published: March 2019

Purpose The objective of this study is to determine demographic, clinical, and pharmaceutical factors that are associated with longer endocrine therapy usage duration. Methods South Carolina Central Cancer Registry incidence data linked with South Carolina Medicaid prescription claims and administrative data were used. The study included a sample ( N = 1399) of female South Carolina Medicaid recipients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 who filled at least one ET prescription. A series of multiple regression models were built to explore the association of demographic, clinical, and pharmaceutical factors with the endocrine therapy usage duration. Results Multiple linear regression analysis showed that none of the demographic or clinical factors tested were significantly associated with the endocrine therapy usage duration. However, the type of endocrine therapy taken as well as receipt of the prescriptions that could have been used to alleviate side-effects (adrenals, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anti-inflammatory agents, and vitamins) were significantly associated. Conclusion Our study highlights the potential value of concurrent prescriptions for improving the endocrine therapy usage duration, with an optimal intervention point before 14 months post ET initiation. This work informs further research needed to test pharmacologic interventions that may significantly increase the endocrine therapy duration as well as other nonpharmacologic strategies for side-effect management.
Etoposide phosphate for pediatric orthopedic malignancies after intravenous etoposide hypersensitivity
Authors: Brooks Joel P , Azmy Veronica , Thompson Alison , Luon Darren , Prozora Stephanie D , Price Christina , Hsu F Ida 
Published: March 2019

Background Hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide have been reported and patients have been safely transitioned to etoposide phosphate for continued therapy. However, the safety and efficacy of substituting etoposide phosphate for etoposide has not been well established in pediatric orthopedic malignancies. The aim of this study is to determine whether etoposide phosphate can be substituted for etoposide in pediatric orthopedic malignancies. Methods A chart review of pediatric patients who developed hypersensitivity reactions to etoposide while being treated for orthopedic malignancies was performed at a large academic medical center. Three patients were identified, two with Ewing sarcoma and one with an osteosarcoma. All three patients experienced hypersensitivity reactions to their first doses of etoposide and were switched to etoposide phosphate for further therapy. Results After premedication, all three patients tolerated full doses of etoposide phosphate without a graded dose challenge or desensitization. Two of the patients were premedicated with diphenhydramine alone, while the third received diphenhydramine and dexamethasone. Conclusions Etoposide phosphate is a potentially safe alternative for pediatric patients with orthopedic malignancies who experience etoposide hypersensitivity. However, caution is needed as there are cases of etoposide phosphate hypersensitivity.
Three-year results from the Retro-IDEAL study: Real-world data from diabetic macular edema (DME) patients treated with ILUVIEN® (0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide implant)
Authors: Augustin Albert J , Bopp Silvia , Fechner Martin , Holz Frank , Sandner Dirk , Winkgen Andrea-M , Khoramnia Ramin , Neuhann Thomas , Warscher Marcus , Spitzer Martin , Sekundo Walter , Seitz Berthold , Duncker Tobias , Ksinsik Christian , Höh Helmuth , Gentsch Daniela 
Published: March 2019

Introduction: The Retro-IDEAL (ILUVIEN Implant for chronic DiabEtic MAcuLar edema) study is a retrospective study designed to assess real-world outcomes achieved with the ILUVIEN® (0.19 mg fluocinolone acetonide (FAc)) in patients with chronic diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practices in Germany. Methods: This study was conducted across 16 sites in Germany and involved 81 eyes (63 patients) with persistent or recurrent DME and a prior suboptimal response to a first-line intravitreal therapy (primarily anti-VEGF intravitreal therapies). Results: Patients were followed-up for 30.8 ± 11.3 months (mean ± standard deviation) and had a mean age of 68.0 ± 10.4 years. Best-recorded visual acuity (BRVA) improved by +5.5 letters at month 9 (P ⩽ 0.005, n=56; from a baseline of 49 letters) and this was maintained through to month 30 (P ⩽ 0.05, n = 42). There was a concurrent improvement in central macular thickness with a reduction from 502 µm at baseline to 338 µm at year 1 (P ⩽ 0.0001, n = 43). This effect was sustained to year 3 (i.e. 318 µm; P ⩽ 0.0001, n = 29). Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) remained constant between baseline and year 3 with a peak change of 1.9 mm Hg occurring at year 1. Elevated IOP was observed in a similar percentage of patients prior to (22.2% of cases) and following (27.2%) treatment with the FAc implant. In the majority of cases, these elevations were managed effectively with IOP medications. Conclusions: Despite substantial amounts of prior intravitreal treatments – primarily with anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs – this real-world study showed that sustained structural and functional improvements can last for up to 3 years with a single FAc implant.
Applying Supervised Machine Learning to Identify Which Patient Characteristics Identify the Highest Rates of Mortality Post-Interhospital Transfer
Authors: Reimer Andrew P , Schiltz Nicholas K , Ho Vanessa P , Madigan Elizabeth A , Koroukian Siran M 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To demonstrate the usefulness of applying supervised machine-learning analyses to identify specific groups of patients that experience high levels of mortality post-interhospital transfer. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Health Care Utilization Project 2013 National Inpatient Sample, that applied supervised machine-learning approaches that included (1) classification and regression tree to identify mutually exclusive groups of patients and their associated characteristics of those experiencing the highest levels of mortality and (2) random forest to identify the relative importance of each characteristic’s contribution to post-transfer mortality. Results: A total of 21 independent groups of patients were identified, with 13 of those groups exhibiting at least double the national average rate of mortality post-transfer. Patient characteristics identified as influencing post-transfer mortality the most included: diagnosis of a circulatory disorder, comorbidity of coagulopathy, diagnosis of cancer, and age. Conclusions: Employing supervised machine-learning analyses enabled the computational feasibility to assess all potential combinations of available patient characteristics to identify groups of patients experiencing the highest rates of mortality post-interhospital transfer, providing potentially useful data to support developing clinical decision support systems in future work.
Autonomic dysfunction in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Crnošija Luka , Krbot Skorić Magdalena , Andabaka Marko , Junaković Anamari , Martinović Vanja , Ivanović Jovana , Mesaroš Šarlota , Pekmezović Tatjana , Drulović Jelena , Habek Mario 
Published: March 2019

Aims: To determine the difference in autonomic symptom burden measured with the Composite Autonomic System Score-31 (COMPASS-31) and presence of objective dysautonomia in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (pwNMOSD) compared to people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Design/Methods: Twenty pwNMOSD and 20 pwMS, matched for age, sex, and disease duration, were enrolled. All patients completed the COMPASS-31. The quantification of cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction (CAD) was made using the two indices of the Composite Autonomic Scoring Scale (CASS): adrenergic index (AI) and cardiovagal index (CI). Results: In all pwNMOSD, COMPASS-31 was >0. Sympathetic dysfunction was present in 8 (40%), parasympathetic dysfunction in 10 (50%), and orthostatic hypotension in 6 (30%) pwNMOSD. This group of patients had higher frequency and level on the pupillomotor domain of the COMPASS-31 compared to pwMS ( p = 0.048 and p = 0.006, respectively). A binary logistic regression model showed that drop in diastolic blood pressure (dBP) during tilt-table test and normal function of autonomic nervous system, defined as AI = 0 and CI = 0, were independent predictors of pwNMOSD ( p = 0.042 and p = 0.029, respectively). If CAD was present, it was significantly worse in pwNMOSD compared to pwMS ( p = 0.003). Conclusion: Significant proportion of pwNMOSD experience dysautonomia, which seems to be different from dysautonomia observed in pwMS.