bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil pH and temperature regulate assembly processes of abundant and rare bacterial communities in agricultural ecosystems
Authors: Jiao Shuo , Lu Yahai 
Published: October 2019

SummaryThe factors determining stochastic and deterministic processes that drive microbial community structure, specifically the balance of abundant and rare bacterial taxa, remain underexplored. Here we examined biogeographic patterns of abundant and rare bacterial taxa and explored environmental factors influencing their community assembly processes in agricultural fields across eastern China. More phylogenetic turnover correlating with spatial distance was observed in abundant than rare sub‐communities. Homogeneous selection was the main assembly process for both the abundant and rare sub‐communities; however, the abundant sub‐community was more tightly clustered phylogenetically and was more sensitive to dispersal limitations than the rare sub‐community. Rare sub‐community of rice fields and abundant sub‐community of maize fields were more governed by stochastic assembly processes, which showed higher operational taxonomic unit richness. We propose a conceptual paradigm wherein soil pH and mean annual temperature mediate the assembly of the abundant and rare sub‐communities respectively. A higher soil pH leads to deterministic assembly of the abundant sub‐community. For the rare sub‐community, the dominance of stochasticity in low‐temperature regions indicates weaker niche‐based exclusion and the arrival of more evolutionary lineages. These findings suggest that the community assembly processes for abundant and rare bacterial taxa are dependent on distinct environmental variables in agro‐ecosystems.
Algorithmic assemblages of care: imaginaries, epistemologies and repair work
Authors: Schwennesen Nete 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn the past decade, the figure of the algorithm has emerged as a matter of concern in discussions about the current state of the healthcare sector and what it may become. While analytical focus has mainly centred on ‘algorithmic entities’, the paper argues that we have to move our analytical focus towards ‘algorithmic assemblages’, if we are to understand how advanced algorithms will affect health care. Departing from this figure, the paper explores how an algorithmic system, designed to ‘take on’ the role of a physiotherapist in physical rehabilitation programmes in Denmark, was designed and made to work in practice. On the basis of ethnographic fieldwork, it is demonstrated that the algorithmic system is a fragile accomplishment and outcome of negotiations between the imaginaries embedded in its design and the ongoing adjustments ofITworkers, patients and professionals. Drawing on recent work on the fragility and incompleteness of algorithms, it is suggested that the algorithmic system needs to be creatively ‘repaired’ to build and maintain enabling connections between bodies in‐motion and professionals in arrangements of care. The paper concludes by addressing accountability for the workings of algorithmic systems in medical practice, suggesting that such questions must also be discussed in relation to encounters between algorithmic imaginaries, health professionals and patients, and the various forms of ‘repair work’ needed to enable algorithmic systems to work in practice. Such acts of accountability cannot be understood within an ethics of transparency, but are better thought of as an ethics of ‘response‐ability’, given the need to intervene and engage with the open‐ended outcomes of algorithmic systems.
Temporalities of mental distress: digital immediacy and the meaning of ‘crisis’ in online support
Authors: Tucker Ian M. , Lavis Anna 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe Internet is increasingly used to seek support by those suffering with mental distress (Bauman, S. and Rivers, I. Mental Health and the Digital Age. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan; 2015). Drawing on research on a major online peer support forum, we analyse discussions around acute distress, self‐harm and suicide. The paper argues that new temporalities of mental health ‘crisis’ are emerging through the intersection of the immediacy of online support, the chronicity of underlying distress and the punctuated nature of professional support. Online support adds a layer of temporal immediacy that does not traditionally feature in other forms of support (e.g. professional in‐person services). This shifts the meaning of a mental health ‘crisis’ from acute to processual, and can lead to definitions of ‘crisis’ being used when not desired nor necessarily accurate. By attending to the layering of temporalities at the intersections of professional in‐person, and online support, we demonstrate how parameters of crisis support are set – by whom, for whom and in relation to whose bodies. This has implications for professional clinical practice internationally in relation to the increased digitisation of support and the meanings of ‘crisis’ that emerge.
Initiation of vasopressor infusions via peripheral versus central access in patients with early septic shock: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Delaney Anthony , Finnis Mark , Bellomo Rinaldo , Udy Andrew , Jones Daryl , Keijzers Gerben , MacDonald Stephen , Peake Sandra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether the initiation of vasopressor infusions via peripheral venous catheters (PVC) compared to central venous catheters (CVC) in ED patients with early septic shock was associated with differences in processes of care and outcomes.MethodsWe conducted a post‐hoc analysis of the ARISE trial. We compared participants who had a vasopressor infusion first commenced via a PVC versus a CVC. The primary outcome was 90 day mortality.ResultsWe studied 937 participants. Of these, 389 (42%) had early vasopressor infusion commenced via a PVC and 548 (58%) via a CVC. Trial participants who received a vasopressor infusion via a PVC were more severely ill, with higher median (interquartile range [IQR]) Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE II) scores (17 [13–23] versus 16 [12–21], P = 0.003), and higher median (IQR) lactate (mmol/L) (3.6 [1.9–5.8] versus 2.5 [1.5–4.5], P < 0.001). After adjusting for baseline covariates, the estimated odds ratio for mortality for PVC‐treated patients was 1.26 (95% confidence interval 0.95–1.67, P = 0.11). Trial participants who had vasopressors commenced via PVC had a shorter median (IQR) time to commencement of antimicrobials (55 [32–96] versus 71.5 [39–119] min, P < 0.001) and a shorter median (IQR) time to commencement of vasopressors (2.4 [1.3–3.9] versus 4.9 [3.5–6.6] h, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe practice of commencing a vasopressor infusion via a PVC was common in the ARISE trial and more frequent in trial participants with higher severity of illness. Commencement of a vasopressor infusion via a PVC was associated with some improvements in processes of care and, after adjustment, was not associated with an increased risk of death.
PhyloSuite: An integrated and scalable desktop platform for streamlined molecular sequence data management and evolutionary phylogenetics studies
Authors: Zhang Dong , Gao Fangluan , Jakovlić Ivan , Zou Hong , Zhang Jin , Li Wen X. , Wang Gui T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractMultigene and genomic data sets have become commonplace in the field of phylogenetics, but many existing tools are not designed for such data sets, which often makes the analysis time‐consuming and tedious. Here, we present PhyloSuite, a (cross‐platform, open‐source, stand‐alone Python graphical user interface) user‐friendly workflow desktop platform dedicated to streamlining molecular sequence data management and evolutionary phylogenetics studies. It uses a plugin‐based system that integrates several phylogenetic and bioinformatic tools, thereby streamlining the entire procedure, from data acquisition to phylogenetic tree annotation (in combination with iTOL). It has the following features: (a) point‐and‐click and drag‐and‐drop graphical user interface; (b) a workplace to manage and organize molecular sequence data and results of analyses; (c) GenBank entry extraction and comparative statistics; and (d) a phylogenetic workflow with batch processing capability, comprising sequence alignment (mafft and macse), alignment optimization (trimAl, HmmCleaner and Gblocks), data set concatenation, best partitioning scheme and best evolutionary model selection (PartitionFinder and modelfinder), and phylogenetic inference (MrBayes and iq‐tree). PhyloSuite is designed for both beginners and experienced researchers, allowing the former to quick‐start their way into phylogenetic analysis, and the latter to conduct, store and manage their work in a streamlined way, and spend more time investigating scientific questions instead of wasting it on transferring files from one software program to another.
Loss of CD36 protects against diet‐induced obesity but results in impaired muscle stem cell function, delayed muscle regeneration and hepatic steatosis
Authors: Verpoorten Sandrine , Sfyri Peggy , Scully David , Mitchell Robert , Tzimou Anastasia , Mougios Vassilis , Patel Ketan , Matsakas Antonios 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimThe prevalence of obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases including impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Since skeletal muscle regenerative capacity is regulated by satellite cells, we aimed to investigate whether a high‐fat diet impairs satellite cell function and whether this is linked to fatty acid uptake via CD36. We also aimed to determine whether loss of CD36 impacts on muscle redox homeostasis and skeletal muscle regenerative capacity.MethodsWe studied the impact of a high‐fat diet and CD36 deficiency on murine skeletal muscle morphology, redox homeostasis, satellite cell function, bioenergetics and lipid accumulation in the liver. We also determined the effect of CD36 deficiency on skeletal muscle regeneration.ResultsHigh‐fat diet increased body weight, intramuscular lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in wild‐type mice that were significantly mitigated in CD36‐deficient mice. High‐fat diet and CD36 deficiency independently attenuated satellite cell function on single fibres and myogenic capacity on primary satellite cells. CD36 deficiency resulted in delayed skeletal muscle regeneration following acute injury with cardiotoxin. CD36‐deficient and wild‐type primary satellite cells had distinct bioenergetic profiles in response to palmitate. High‐fat diet induced hepatic steatosis in both genotypes that was more pronounced in the CD36‐deficient mice.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that CD36 deficiency protects against diet‐induced obesity, intramuscular lipid deposition and oxidative stress but results in impaired muscle satellite cell function, delayed muscle regeneration and hepatic steatosis. CD36 is a key mediator of fatty acid uptake in skeletal muscle, linking obesity with satellite cell function and muscle regeneration.
Laparoscopic modified lateral transabdominal preperitoneal approach for Spigelian hernia repair: An easier approach to a rare condition
Authors: Naik Akshay , Mandovra Pranav , Patankar Roy V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionBoth laparoscopic and open approaches are well accepted for spigelian hernia (SH) repair. Several techniques for SH repair are described in literature. In our study, eight patients underwent laparoscopic SH repair. A modified lateral TAPP approach was used in four cases and then compared with the conventional TAPP approach.MethodsFrom January 2015 to January 2017, eight cases of SH were treated using the laparoscopic TAPP approach. Four cases underwent surgery by the conventional laparoscopic TAPP approach (group I). For the other four, modified lateral approach transabdominal preperitoneal technique was used (group II). Postoperative pain, operative time, length of hospital stay, and complications were compared between the groups. Patients were followed up for a minimum period of 1 year.ResultAmong the eight cases, the mean age was 52 years in group I and 50 years in group II, mean defect size was 23 mm in group I and 28 mm in group II, mean length of hospital stay was 1.50 days in group I and 1.25 days in group II, and operative time was 61 minutes in group I and 51 minutes in group II. There was no remarkable difference in complications or length of hospital stay between the groups. The groups were comparable in all other parameters, but the lateral approach was ergonomically better for the surgeon.ConclusionOf the approaches described for laparoscopic SH repair, the modified lateral TAPP approach is more convenient because it provides better and more adequate lateral and inferior space access and is ergonomically better for surgeons.
Three‐dimensional evaluation of morphology and position of impacted supernumerary teeth in cases of cleidocranial dysplasia
Authors: Tsuji Michiko , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Suzuki Shoichi , Moriyama Keiji 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a congenital anomaly characterized by the presence of impacted supernumerary teeth and delayed eruption of permanent teeth. However, there has been no detailed investigation on supernumerary teeth in patients with CCD using three‐dimensional (3D) imaging techniques. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the morphology and position of supernumerary teeth using 3D images reconstructed from cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) data in a group of five Japanese subjects (male, 3; female, 2; age, 15.0‐25.4 years) with CCD. All five subjects exhibited supernumerary teeth (39 in total; average, 7.8; range, 1‐15). All supernumerary teeth were impacted and existed as pairs with adjacent permanent teeth. Comparison of the size (the crown and dental‐root lengths, the crown mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters), the number of cusps and dental roots, the position, and direction of supernumerary teeth in relation to the adjacent permanent teeth was analyzed. The results of relationship analyses revealed that, at sites other than the molar region, supernumerary teeth were positioned on the lingual and distal sides and supernumerary teeth resembled the morphology of their adjacent permanent teeth in terms of the number of cusps but were smaller than the adjacent permanent teeth. In the molar region, supernumerary teeth were microdontia, which were apparently small and obscure morphologically. In addition, while all adjacent permanent teeth exhibited normal direction, five supernumerary teeth exhibited inverse direction. The findings of this study will improve our understanding of the characteristics of CCD and provide important information for the pathophysiology and clinical treatment.
Patterns and predictors of genetic referral among ovarian cancer patients at a National Cancer Institute‐Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Mallen Adrianne R. , Conley Claire C. , Townsend Mary K. , Wells Ali , Boac Bernadette M. , Todd Sarah , Gandhi Anjalika , Kuznicki Michelle , Augusto Bianca M. , McIntyre McKenzie , Fridley Brooke L. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Wenham Robert M. , Vadaparampil Susan T. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGermline mutations (eg, BRCA1/2) have prognostic and treatment implications for ovarian cancer (OVCA) patients. Thus, national guidelines recommend genetic testing for OVCA patients. The present study examines patterns and predictors of genetics referral in OVCA patients. Electronic medical record data were abstracted retrospectively from 557 OVCA patients treated from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2015. Logistic regression models identified sociodemographic characteristics, disease/treatment characteristics, family history data, provider characteristics, and survival data that predicted genetics referral. Overall, 27.5% of patients received referral. Eleven variables predicting referral were selected during stepwise regression: younger age, White race, not having private insurance, professional school education, year of OVCA diagnosis, platinum sensitivity, female gynecologic oncologist, chemotherapy administered by a gynecologic oncologist, clinical trial enrollment, longer overall survival, and family history of OVCA. Genetics referral among OVCA patients was similar to rates reported nationwide. Unique predictive factors will contribute to quality improvement and should be validated at a multi‐institutional level to ensure guideline concordant care is provided to all OVCA patients. Future research should identify both patient‐level and provider‐level factors associated with genetics referral.
Short‐term numerosity training promotes symbolic arithmetic in children with developmental dyscalculia: The mediating role of visual form perception
Authors: Cheng Dazhi , Xiao Qing , Cui Jiaxin , Chen Chuansheng , Zeng Jieying , Chen Qian , Zhou Xinlin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStudies have shown that numerosity‐based arithmetic training can promote arithmetic learning in typically developing children as well as children with developmental dyscalculia (DD), but the cognitive mechanism underlying this training effect remains unclear. The main aim of the current study was to examine the role of visual form perception in arithmetic improvement through an 8‐day numerosity training for DD children. Eighty DD children were selected from four Chinese primary schools. They were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training on an apple‐collecting game, whereas the control group received an English dictation task. Children's cognitive and arithmetic performances were assessed before and after training. The results showed that the intervention group showed a significant improvement in arithmetic performance, approximate number system (ANS) acuity, and visual form perception, but not in spatial processing and sentence comprehension. The control group showed no significant improvement in any cognitive ability. Mediation analysis further showed that training‐related improvement in arithmetic performance was fully mediated by the improvement in visual form perception. The results suggest that short‐term numerosity training enhances the arithmetic performance of DD children by improving their visual form perception.
Religiosity and loss aversion: Does local religiosity influence the skewness of stock returns?
Authors: Blau Benjamin M. , Crane Bret D. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTraditional asset pricing theory rests on the assumption that stock returns are normally distributed. However, research shows that instead of being normally distributed, stock returns are often positively skewed. In this study, we attempt to explain this phenomenon by taking a unique approach. In particular, we test the hypothesis that religiosity can influence the normality of the return distribution. Our tests are motivated by the idea that religion is an integral part of the culture within a society that influences managerial decision‐making. Local religiosity (or lack thereof) can shape the values, beliefs and decisions of managers including those related to the types of investments that are attractive. We hypothesize that in more religious cultures, individuals will be more loss averse since religion may be used as an attempt to avoid very unfavorable outcomes (Hell). Managers in these religious cultures, therefore, may be attracted to capital investment projects that avoid tail risk, which may help explain the positive skewness of the return distribution of stocks. Empirical results seem to confirm our hypothesis.
Validation of the distress thermometer for caregivers of children and adolescents with schizophrenia
Authors: Bai Xiaoling , Wang Anni , Cross Wendy , Lam Louisa , Plummer Virginia , Guan Ziyao , Sun Mei , Tang Siyuan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the distress thermometer for caregivers (DT‐C) and document the distress level in primary caregivers of children and adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia.DesignA validation diagnostic accuracy study and descriptive cross‐sectional survey.MethodsDT‐C was adopted based on Harverman's distress thermometer for parents. The cut‐off score was detected by using receiver operating characteristic analysis with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐21 as a reference standard in a sample of 324 caregivers of children and adolescents diagnosed with schizophrenia in China collected between Jan 2017 and Feb 2018.ResultsOne‐item DT of DT‐C indicated a good retest reliability (r = 0.86) and one‐item DT and the Problem List (PL) indicated good convergent validity (r = 0.67–0.88). Overall and individual PL domains showed good internal consistency (KR 20 values ranged from 0.70–0.90). Setting seven as the cut‐off score, the values of sensitivity (0.72–0.81), specificity (0.86–0.90), Youden's index (0.61–0.70), positive predictive value (0.67–0.74), and negative predictive value (0.84–0.92) were most satisfactory and area under curve values showed significantly excellent discrimination (0.88–0.90). The average DT score for the 324 participants was 6.34 (SD 2.49), with 46.9% of the participants above the cut‐off. Caregivers above the cut‐off score faced significant multiple problems in practical, family/social, cognitive, emotional, and parenting domains.ConclusionThe DT‐C, with six domains containing 35 items in Problem List and with the cut‐off score at seven, can be a rapid screening tool to measure distress in these caregivers. The level of distress in caregivers was relatively high. Psychoeducation on specific needs and a solid mutual support network are recommended for mitigating caregivers’ distress.ImpactThis study adapted a reliable DT‐C to measure distress of caregivers, which has the potential to be introduced to caregivers of other types of child and adolescent mental disorders in research, assessments and care planning for health professionals.
Toward A Temporal Theory of Faultlines and Subgroup Entrenchment
Authors: Meister Alyson , Thatcher Sherry M.B. , Park Jieun , Maltarich Mark 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA wealth of scholarship shows that faultlines drive important outcomes for groups. However, despite mounting calls for incorporating time in the group literature, our understanding of faultlines is bound by assumptions that constrain our ability to incorporate the crucial role of time as it relates to faultlines and their effects. Drawing together guidance for exploring temporal phenomena, with the faultline and group literatures, we embark on an understanding of the temporal nature of faultlines. We distinguish faultlines from specific subgroup configurations by introducing the concept of subgroup entrenchment – the agreement among group members about the existence and composition of strong and stable subgroups. We highlight how a group’s history influences its current and future experience of faultlines and subgroups, by exploring concepts such as duration, temporal alignment, and sequencing patterns. Our theory highlights how the dynamic features of multiple faultlines can influence subgroup entrenchment at any point in time.