bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the ice surface albedo in the Tibetan Plateau lakes based on the field observation and MODIS products
Authors: LI ZHAOGUO , AO YINHUAN , LYU SHIHUA , LANG JIAHE , WEN LIJUAN , STEPANENKO VICTOR , MENG XIANHONG , ZHAO LIN 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe Tibetan Plateau (TP) lakes are sensitive to climate change due to ice-albedo feedback, but almost no study has paid attention to the ice albedo of TP lakes and its potential impacts. Here we present a recent field experiment for observing the lake ice albedo in the TP, and evaluate the applicability of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products as well as ice-albedo parameterizations. Most of the observed lake ice albedos on TP are <0.12, and the clear blue ice albedo is only 0.075, much lower than reported in the previous studies. Even that of ice covered with snow patches is only 0.212. MOD10A1 albedo product has the best agreement with observations, followed by those of MYD10A1. MCD43A3 product is consistently higher than the observations. Due to an error of snow flag and inconsistent time windows in MCD43A2 and MCD43A3, at certain times, the albedo of the ice without snow is even higher than that covered with snow. When the solar zenith angle is not considered, there is no significant correlation between the albedo and the ice surface temperature. None of the existing ice-albedo parameterizations can reproduce well the observed relationship of the albedo and surface temperature.
Dietary taste patterns by sex and weight status in the Netherlands
Authors: van Langeveld Astrid W. B. , Teo Pey Sze , de Vries Jeanne H. M. , Feskens Edith J. M. , de Graaf Cees , Mars Monica 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTaste is a key driver of food choice and intake. Taste preferences are widely studied, unlike the diet’s taste profile. This study assessed dietary taste patterns in the Netherlands by sex, BMI, age and education. A taste database, containing 476 foods’ taste values, was combined with 2-d 24-h recalls in two study populations. The percentage of energy intake from six taste clusters was assessed in the Dutch National Food Consumption Survey (DNFCS 2007–2010; n 1351) and in an independent observational study: the Nutrition Questionnaires plus (NQplus) study (2011–2013; n 944). Dietary taste patterns were similar across study populations. Men consumed relatively more energy from ‘salt, umami and fat’ (DNFCS; 24 % energy, NQplus study; 23 %)- and ‘bitter’ (7 %)-tasting foods compared with women (21 %, P<0·001, 22 %, P=0·005; 3 %, P<0·001, 4 %, P<0·001, respectively). Women consumed more % energy from ‘sweet and fat’ (15 %)- and ‘sweet and sour’ (13 %, 12 %, respectively)-tasting foods compared with men (12 %, P<0·001, 13 %, P=0·001; 10 %, P<0·001). Obese individuals consumed more % energy from ‘salt, umami and fat’- and less from ‘sweet and fat’-tasting foods than normal-weight individuals (‘salt, umami and fat’, men; obese both studies 26 %, normal-weight DNFCS 23 %, P=0·037, NQplus 22 %, P=0·001, women; obese 23 %, 24 %, normal weight 20 %, P=0·004, P=0·011, respectively, ‘sweet and fat’, men; obese 11 %, 10 %, normal weight 13 %, P<0·05, 14 %, P<0·01, women; obese 14 %, 15 %, normal weight 16 %, P=0·12, P=0·99). In conclusion, our taste database can be used to deepen our understanding of the role of taste in dietary intake in the Netherlands by sex, BMI, age and education.
A dietary pattern rich in animal organ, seafood and processed meat products is associated with newly diagnosed hyperuricaemia in Chinese adults: a propensity score-matched case–control study
Authors: Xia Yang , Xiang Qi , Gu Yeqing , Jia Suwei , Zhang Qing , Liu Li , Meng Ge , Wu Hongmei , Bao Xue , Yu Bin , Sun Shaomei , Wang Xing , Zhou Ming , Jia Qiyu , Wu Yuntang , Song Kun , Niu Kaijun 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that some food items and nutrients are associated with uric acid metabolism in humans. However, little is known about the role of dietary patterns in hyperuricaemia. We designed this case–control study to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and newly diagnosed hyperuricaemia in Chinese adults. A total of 1422 cases and 1422 controls were generated from 14 538 participants using the 1:1 ratio propensity score matching methods. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated self-administered FFQ. Dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis. Hyperuricaemia was defined as concentrations of serum uric acid higher than 7 mg/dl (416·5 μmol/l) for men and 6 mg/dl (357 μmol/l) for women. Three dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis: sweet pattern; vegetable pattern; animal foods pattern. The animal foods pattern characterised by higher intake of an animal organ, seafood and processed meat products was associated with higher prevalence of newly diagnosed hyperuricaemia (Pfor trend<0·01) after adjustment. Compared with the participants in the lowest quartile of the animal foods pattern, the OR of newly diagnosed hyperuricaemia in the highest quartile was 1·50 (95 % CI 1·20, 1·87). The other two dietary patterns were not associated with the prevalence of newly diagnosed hyperuricaemia after adjustment. In conclusion, a diet rich in animal organ, seafood and processed meat products is associated with higher prevalence of newly diagnosed hyperuricaemia in a Chinese population. Further cohort studies and randomised controlled trials are required to clarify these findings.
Antechiniella septentrionalis n. sp. (Spirurida: Acuariidae), a new intestinal nematode parasite of the tundra vole Microtus oeconomus (Pallas) (Rodentia: Muridae) in the north-east of Russia
Authors: Ivanova E.S. , Dokuchaev N.E. , Spiridonov S.E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAntechiniella septentrionalis n. sp. (Spirurida: Acuariidae) is described from the duodenum of a tundra vole, Microtus oeconomus (Pallas), collected in the Magadan region in the north-east part of Russia. It differs from A. suffodiax (Beveridge &amp; Barker, 1975) and A. sertatum Smales, 1991 mainly in having a larger number of postcloacal papillae (5–6 pairs vs 4 pairs), a differently shaped left spicule, the disposition of precloacal papillae in two rows vs one, and oblong vs oval eggs. Other differences include the different disposition of ovaries in A. septentrionalis n. sp and A. suffodiax and the different structure of deirids in A. septentrionalis n. sp. and A. sertatum. The new species was characterized molecularly (partial sequences for 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cox1 mtDNA). The phylogenetic analyses performed showed the affinity of the new species to the members of the Acuariidae and other spirurid nematodes.
Comprehensive nationwide analysis of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Finland from 1983 to 2013
Authors: Aho I. , Kivelä P. , Kaijomaa M. , Surcel H.-M. , Ristola M. , Heikinheimo O. , Sutinen J. ,   with the FINHIVPREG Study Team
Published: May 2018

AbstractHIV-positive children are still born in Europe despite low mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rates. We aimed to clarify the remaining barriers to the prevention of MTCT. By combining the national registers, we identified all women living with HIV delivering at least one child during 1983–2013. Of the 212 women delivering after HIV diagnosis, 46% were diagnosed during the pregnancy. In multivariate analysis, age >30 years (P= 0.001), sexual transmission (P= 0.012), living outside of the metropolitan area (P= 0.001) and Eastern European origin (P= 0.043) were risk factors for missed diagnosis before pregnancy. The proportion of immigrants increased from 18% before 1999 to 75% during 2011–2013 (P< 0.001). They were diagnosed during the pregnancy equally to natives and achieved similar, good treatment results. No MTCT occurred when the mother was diagnosed before the delivery. In addition, 12 women had delivered in 2 years prior their HIV diagnosis, most before implementation of the national screening of pregnant women. Three of these children were infected, the last one in 2000. Our data demonstrate that complete elimination of MTCT is feasible in a high-income, low-prevalence country. This requires ongoing universal screening in early pregnancy and easy access to antiretroviral therapy to all HIV-positive people.
Australian consumers’ views towards an environmentally sustainable eating pattern
Authors: Mann Davina , Thornton Lukar , Crawford David , Ball Kylie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe present qualitative study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of participants’ attitudes, knowledge, perceived effectiveness (a person’s belief that his/her behaviour can contribute to environmental preservation) and behaviours relating to a sustainable eating pattern.DesignOne-to-one interviews (either face-to-face or by telephone) were conducted following a structured interview schedule, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis in NVivo 10.SettingVictorian (Australia) adult participants recruited via online advertisements, flyers on community advertisement boards and letterbox drops.SubjectsTwenty-four participants (mean age 40 years, range 19–69 years; thirteen female, eleven male) were interviewed.ResultsParticipants reported that environmental impact was not an important influence on their food choice. Participants displayed limited knowledge about a sustainable eating pattern, with most unaware of the environmental impact of food-related behaviours. Most participants believed sustainable eating would be only slightly beneficial to the environment. Participants reported undertaking limited sustainable food behaviours currently and were more willing to undertake a food behaviour if they perceived additional benefits, such as promoting health or supporting the local community.ConclusionsThe study suggests consumers need further information about a sustainable eating pattern and the environmental impact of food choice. The findings highlight some of the barriers that will need to be addressed when promoting this kind of eating pattern and that a range of interventions will be necessary.
Development and validation of the Child Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17)
Authors: Bryant Eleanor J , Thivel David , Chaput Jean-Philippe , Drapeau Vicky , Blundell John E , King Neil A 
Published: May 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo develop and validate a child and adolescent version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (CTFEQr17) and to assess its psychometric properties and factor structure. We also examined associations between the CTFEQr17 and BMI and food preferences.DesignA two-phase approach was utilized, employing both qualitative and quantitative methodologies.SettingPrimary and secondary schools, UK.SubjectsIn phase 1, seventy-six children (thirty-nine boys; mean age 12·3 (sd1·4) years) were interviewed to ascertain their understanding of the original TFEQr21 and to develop accessible and understandable items to create the CTFEQr17. In phase 2, 433 children (230 boys; mean age 12·0 (sd1·7) years) completed the CTFEQr17 and a food preference questionnaire, a sub-sample (n253; 131 boys) had their height and weight measured, and forty-five children (twenty-three boys) were interviewed to determine their understanding of the CTFEQr17.ResultsThe CTFEQr17 showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’sα=0·85) and the three-factor structure was retained: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE) and emotional eating (EE). Qualitative data demonstrated a high level of understanding of the questionnaire (95 %). High CR was found to be significantly associated with a higher body weight, BMI and BMI percentile. High UE and EE scores were related to a preference for high-fat savoury and high-fat sweet foods. The relationships between CTFEQr17, anthropometry and food preferences were stronger for girls than boys.ConclusionsThe CTFEQr17 is a psychometrically sound questionnaire for use in children and adolescents, and associated with anthropometric and food preference measures.
Mapping the location of terrestrial impacts and extinctions onto the spiral arm structure of the Milky Way
Authors: Gillman Michael P , Erenler Hilary E , Sutton Phil J 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHigh-density regions within the spiral arms are expected to have profound effects on passing stars. Understanding of the potential effects on the Earth and our Solar System is dependent on a robust model of arm passage dynamics. Using a novel combination of data, we derive a model of the timings of the Solar System through the spiral arms and the relationship to arm tracers such as methanol masers. This reveals that asteroid/comet impacts are significantly clustered near the spiral arms and within specific locations of an average arm structure. The end-Permian and end-Cretaceous extinctions emerge as being located within a small star-formation region in two different arms. The start of the Solar System, greater than 4.5 Ga, occurs in the same region in a third arm. The model complements geo-chemical data in determining the relative importance of extra-Solar events in the diversification and extinction of life on Earth.
CLASSICALLY ARCHETYPAL RULES
Authors: POŁACIK TOMASZ , HUMBERSTONE LLOYD 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA one-premiss rule is said to be archetypal for a consequence relation when not only is the conclusion of any application of the rule a consequence (according to that relation) of the premiss, but whenever one formula has another as a consequence, these formulas are respectively equivalent to a premiss and a conclusion of some application of the rule. We are concerned here with the consequence relation of classical propositional logic and with the task of extending the above notion of archetypality to rules with more than one premiss, and providing an informative characterization of the set of rules falling under the more general notion.
The Last Scottish Ice Sheet
Authors: BALLANTYNE Colin K. , SMALL David 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe last Scottish Ice Sheet (SIS) expanded from a pre-existing ice cap after ∼35 ka. Highland ice dominated, with subsequent build-up of a Southern Uplands ice mass. The Outer Hebrides, Skye, Mull, the Cairngorms and Shetland supported persistent independent ice centres. Expansion was accompanied by ice-divide migration and switching flow directions. Ice nourished in Scotland reached the Atlantic Shelf break in some sectors but only mid-shelf in others, was confluent with the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) in the North Sea Basin, extended into northern England, and fed the Irish Sea Ice Stream and a lobe that reached East Anglia. The timing of maximum extent was diachronous, from ∼30–27 ka on the Atlantic Shelf to ∼22–21 ka in Yorkshire. The SIS buried all mountains, but experienced periods of thickening alternating with drawdown driven by ice streams such as the Minch, the Hebrides and the Moray Firth Ice Streams. Submarine moraine banks indicate oscillating retreat and progressive decoupling of Highland ice from Orkney–Shetland ice. The pattern and timing of separation of the SIS and FIS in the North Sea Basin remain uncertain. Available evidence suggests that by ∼17 ka, much of the Sea of the Hebrides, the Outer Hebrides, Caithness and the coasts of E Scotland were deglaciated. By ∼16 ka, the Solway lowlands, Orkney and Shetland were deglaciated, the SIS and Irish Ice Sheet had separated, the ice margin lay along the western seaboard, nunataks had emerged in Wester Ross, the ice margin lay N of the Cairngorms and the sea had invaded the Tay and Forth estuaries. By ∼15 ka, most of the Southern Uplands, the Firth of Clyde, the Midland Valley and the upper Spey valley were deglaciated, and in NW Scotland ice was retreating from fjords and valleys. By the onset of rapid warming at ∼14.7 ka, much of the remnant SIS was confined within the limits of Younger Dryas glaciation. The SIS, therefore, lost most of its mass during the Dimlington Stade. It is uncertain whether fragments of the SIS persisted on high ground throughout the Lateglacial Interstade.
Psychological Flexibility as a Moderator of the Relationships between Job Demands and Resources and Occupational Well-being
Authors: Novaes Vladimir Pinto , Ferreira Maria Cristina , Valentini Felipe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to identify the relations of job demands (work overload) and job resources (social support and autonomy) with subjective job well-being (job satisfaction, positive affects, negative affects), as well as the moderating role of personal resources (psychological flexibility at work) in such relationships. The sample consisted of 4,867 Brazilian workers, of both sexes, with ages ranging from 18 to 67 years. Structural equation modelling showed that the work overload was negatively associated with job satisfaction (β = –.06; p < .001) and positively with negative affects (β = .24; p < .001); autonomy was positively associated with satisfaction (β = .08; p < .001) and negative affects (β = .08; p < .001); social support was positively associated with satisfaction (β = .17; p < .001) and positive affects (β = .20; p < .001), and negatively with negative affects (β = –.21; p < .001); psychological flexibility moderated the relationships of overload with satisfaction (β = .04; p < .05) and negative affects (β = .08; p < .001); autonomy with positive affects (β = –.06; p < .001) and social support with negative affects (β = .08; p < .001). These results are discussed from perspective of a job demands-resources theory, especially with respect to the relevance of personal resources for the promotion of occupational well-being.
Smoke Without Fire: How Long Can Thermal Cracking Sustain Hydrothermal Circulation in the Absence of Magmatic Heat?
Authors: Olive Jean‐Arthur , Crone Timothy J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLong‐lived hydrothermal circulation is now well documented along slow and ultraslow spreading mid‐ocean ridges, even though these settings only receive a moderate and intermittent supply of magma. This challenges the notion that hydrothermal convection must be sustained by a continuously replenished magma body. Here we investigate the possibility of sustaining hydrothermal circulation by infrequent magmatic intrusions separated by episodes of downward propagation of small cracks enabling fluids to tap heat from deep hot rocks. We focus on cracks nucleating from grain boundary flaws in response to the buildup of cooling stresses at the base of the convection system. We develop an analytical model describing the stable propagation of a percolation front and the associated heat transfer through hydrothermal circulation. Convection ceases when thermoelastic stresses can no longer overcome lithostatic pressure and hydrothermal circulation can no longer mine heat from underlying units. For lithospheric permeabilities greater than ∼10−15 m2 and over a wide range of grain and flaw sizes, this occurs within ∼100 kyr to ∼1 Myr from the onset of cracking, after the cracking front has moved by a few kilometers. We validate this analytical prediction by developing two‐dimensional numerical models of porous convection subjected to a lower boundary condition representing the dynamics of the cracking front. These models suggest that moderate‐ to low‐temperature hydrothermal venting in off‐axis, ultramafic‐hosted sites does not require an underlying magma sill at all times, but instead repeated sill intrusions every ∼10–100 kyr, which periodically reinvigorate hydrothermal convection without building a continuous crustal section.
Future Changes in Precipitation Extremes Over Canada: Driving Factors and Inherent Mechanism
Authors: Zhou Xiong , Huang Guohe , Wang Xiuquan , Cheng Guanhui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn this study, future changes in precipitation extremes over 10 climatic regions in Canada and their mechanism under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) throughout the 21st century are investigated by using the Providing Regional Climates for Impacts Studies (PRECIS) model. The performance of PRECIS in hindcasting total and extreme precipitation for the historical period is first evaluated through two experiments driven by the boundary conditions from both ERA‐Interim (1979–2011) and HadGEM2‐ES (1959–2005). The validation results indicate that PRECIS can reasonably reproduce both the magnitudes and spatial patterns of precipitation extremes over Canada. Changes in total and extreme precipitation for two future periods are analyzed to explore how regional climate over different climatic regions would respond to global warming. Mechanism governing changes in precipitation extremes is explored through a comprehensive analysis of potential climate factors and their correlations and interactions with precipitation extremes. There are obvious increasing trends over most regions for the magnitude of precipitation extremes except for the duration indices. Averages of projected precipitation extremes over the climatic regions in Canada are projected to increase under RCP4.5. Such increases under RCP8.5 would be amplified due to higher greenhouse gas emissions. The projected changes in total precipitation are dominated by changes in wind velocity and relative humidity (e.g., changes in horizontal water vapor flux that would have significant effects on the occurrence of precipitation in Canada). In addition, the changes in the majority of precipitation extremes are commonly attributed to the changes in the saturation vapor pressure due to warmer temperature as described by the Clausius‐Clapeyron equation.
Deepwater Expansion and Enhanced Remineralization in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific During the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Umling N. E. , Thunell R. C. , Bizimis M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPublished estimates of the radiocarbon content of middepth waters suggest a decrease in ventilation in multiple locations during the last glacial maximum (LGM; 24.0–18.1 ka). Reduced glacial ventilation would have allowed respired carbon to accumulate in those waters. A subsequent deglacial release of this respired carbon reservoir to the atmosphere could then account for the observed increases in atmospheric CO2 and decline in atmospheric radiocarbon content. However, age model error and a release of 14C‐depleted mantle carbon have also been cited as possible explanations for the observed middepth radiocarbon depletions, calling into question the deep ocean's role in storing respired carbon during the LGM. Joint measurements of benthic foraminiferal carbon isotope values (δ13C) and cadmium/calcium (Cd/Ca) ratios provide a method for isolating the air‐sea component of a water mass from changes in remineralization. Here we use benthic foraminiferal δ13C and Cd/Ca records from the eastern equatorial Pacific to constrain changes in remineralization and water‐mass mixing over the last glacial‐interglacial transition. These records are complemented with elemental measurements of the authigenic coatings of foraminifera to monitor postdepositional changes in bottom water properties. Our results suggest an increase of deep waters at midwater depths consistent with a shoaling of the boundary between the upper and lower branches of Southern Ocean overturning circulation. Additionally, our records demonstrate increased organic matter remineralization in middepth waters during the LGM, suggesting that respired carbon did accumulate in middepth waters under periods of reduced ventilation.