bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Symptomatic Meniscal Re-Tear Incidence in Two Age Populations: Differences in Older versus Younger Adults
Authors: Labbe Marc R. , Elmallah Randa K. , Albert Benjamin M. , Malloch Lacy , Jones LaRita C. , Replogle William H. , Barrett Gene R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA symptomatic meniscal tear is one of the most common problems treated by an orthopaedic surgeon. Treatment ranges from observation to complete meniscectomy. Prior research has shown that contact stresses increase within the joint compartment after partial meniscectomy, thus leading to arthritis of the compartment. The purpose of the current study was to determine the incidence of meniscal re-tears in two populations of patients and identify potential factors predisposing to re-tear. A retrospective review of our relational database identified 1,930 arthroscopic partial meniscectomies from 1993 to 2003. Meniscectomies were divided into two groups, 430 patients < 45 years of age (YOUNG) and 712 patients ≥ 45 (OLD). Age, onset date, Lysholm, Tegner, tear type, radial and circumferential location, as well as degree and location of chondromalacia, were analyzed. Of the YOUNG group, 1.16% experienced re-tears, versus 0.42% of the OLD group. From the younger re-tear group, 80% were chronic and 20% had grade 2 chondromalacia in one compartment. The YOUNG re-tear group was slightly more active with higher Tegner (5.6 vs. 4.3) and Lysholm (66.2 vs. 60) scores than the rest of the YOUNG group. The OLD re-tear group was less active with a lower Tegner (2.5 vs. 4.1) and Lysholm (62 vs. 66) score compared with the rest of the older group. In this study, patients under 45 years and with chronic tears had slightly higher incidence of re-tears. Results indicated that the lateral meniscus is more likely to re-tear.
Five-coordinate Mn
IV
intermediate in the activation of nature’s water splitting cofactor
Authors: Chrysina Maria , Heyno Eiri , Kutin Yury , Reus Michael , Nilsson Håkan , Nowaczyk Marc M. , DeBeer Serena , Neese Frank , Messinger Johannes , Lubitz Wolfgang , Cox Nicholas 
Published: August 2019

Significance
Recent results have shown that nature’s water splitting catalyst inserts an additional water molecule into what appears to be a solvent inaccessible site late in its reaction cycle. The emerging consensus of the field is that this water molecule is one of the substrates of the reaction. Here, we show that this water molecule does not come directly from solvent. It instead represents an earlier bound water, which is inserted into this site via facile structural tautomerism. The trigger for this process is cofactor oxidation. This then allows an additional water to bind from solvent to a more open site of the cofactor. In this way the cofactor carefully regulates water uptake, preventing water insertion earlier in the reaction cycle.
Two types of magnetic shape-memory effects from twinned microstructure and magneto-structural coupling in Fe1+yTe
Authors: Rößler Sahana , Koz Cevriye , Wang Zhaosheng , Skourski Yurii , Doerr Mathias , Kasinathan Deepa , Rosner Helge , Schmidt Marcus , Schwarz Ulrich , Rößler Ulrich K. , Wirth Steffen 
Published: August 2019

SignificanceMagnetic shape memory (MSM) refers to a change in shape and/or size of a magnetic material upon applying a magnetic field. There are 2 types of MSM effects; the first one occurs in a twinned magnetically ordered material, in which the crystallographic axes are irreversibly reoriented by the applied magnetic field. In the second type, the applied field drives a magnetoelastic phase transition. In certain iron tellurides Fe1+yTe, both types of MSM occur. Notably, the first antiferromagnetic compound found to display an MSM effect is a parent material to the well-studied high-Tccuprate superconductor La2−xSrxCuO4. Observation of MSM effects in 2 known material families related to high-Tcsuperconductors points to a prominent role of electron–phonon coupling arising through the spin–orbit interactions.
Quantum effects in bi-dust plasmas
Authors: Puerta J , Martin P , Maass F , Blanco F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper a theoretical approach has been carried out using a fluid model on a bi-dust plasma which consist of two dusts negative charged different particles in an electron–ion plasma. In such system, this fluid model describe a dense strong coupled heavy dust grain together with a weak coupled light dusty particle. The bulk is immersed in a system of electrons and ions dominated by a Thomas–Fermi density distribution, where interaction and propagation of solitary dust acoustic solitary waves will be analyzed. This investigation will be carried out for arbitrary amplitude of solitary dust acoustic waves. These are originated through the presence of both dust grains in the plasma system. Therefore, it is used a set of fluid equation which determine general expressions for the concentrations of different dust particles. The onset of the Sagdeev method is then employed in order to look for influence of the light component on the quantum system. In this way there is an increasing or decreasing in the Sagdeev potential. This is a quantum effect phenomena.
Homogenization of Grewia Optiva Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite Using Higher Order Shear Deformation Theory
Authors: Bhatt Piyush , Gadade Appaso M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The present work proposes a computational procedure for evaluating the homogenized property of laminated composite plate. This type of model is beneficial for determining the basic mechanical properties of a laminated composite with significantly lesser computational effort. In this work a formulation is presented which is based on Reddy’s higher-order shear deformation plate theory which takes into account the effect of transverse shear deformation in composite laminates. This method is capable of finding equivalent homogenized properties for the laminated composite having any type of lamination scheme. Further this formulation is used to homogenized property of Grewia optiva fiber reinforced epoxy composite with different volume fraction and lamina scheme are calculated by using the proposed formulation. The accuracy and validity of the present computational algorithm is ensured by comparing the results with the available literature which provides good results.
Estimation of interlaminar shear strength in glass epoxy composites by experimental and finite element method
Authors: Lakshmi P Rama , Devi P Anjani , Reddy P Ravinder , Yamuna K , Bharathi Y 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The objective of the present work is to estimate interlaminar shear strength in glass epoxy composite by experimental and finite element method. A woven glass fabric (0°- 90°) and epoxy are used in the preparation of the composite. Interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) is estimated experimentally by ASTM D 2344 and ASTM C 1425 for thin and thick laminates. While adopting the procedure mentioned in ASTM D 2344, the sample dimensions of thin and thick laminate are 32 X 10 X 2 mm3 and 80 X 10 X 10 mm3 respectively. Three-point bend test is conducted on Universal testing machine made by United Calibration Corporation with model No. STM 50 kN at a loading rate of 1.5 mm/minute. For the standard ASTM C 1425, the sample dimensions of thin and thick laminate are 30 X 15 X 2 mm3 and 30 X 15 X 10mm3 respectively. The fixture is fabricated for both thick and thin laminate for estimating interlaminar shear strength. The obtained experimental results are compared with interlaminar shear strength estimated in ANSYS, and the correctness of finite element analysis is verified. The results interpreted in the present work are also compared with the published results available in the literature, and it is noticed that the deviation is agreeable. From the available literature, it is also suggested that ASTM C 1425 is recommended over the other methods since the sustainability of the material is achieved while examining the interlaminar shear strength.
Estimation and Analysis of Cooling Load for Indian Subcontinent by CLD/SCL/CLF method at part load conditions
Authors: Acharya K G , Yewale G P , Tendolkar M V , Kulkarni S H 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A total equivalent temperature difference (TETD) and cooling load temperature difference (CLTD) methods are developed in the excel spread sheets using Visual Basic Programming for calculating the cooling load for a building. The spread sheets are developed to eradicate the human error and time consuming task of manual calculations. TETD and CLTD methods programmed in spread sheets are easiest and fastest way to estimate the cooling loads as compared to that of the commercially available software’s. The TETD method estimates the peak value of the cooling load and CLTD is used to estimate the cooling load on an hourly basis. Cooling loads estimated using TETD method and CLTD method are validated against CARRIER software HAPv4.9. However, there is a marginal difference in the obtained cooling load values of the spread sheets and HAPv4.9. For selecting the air conditioning equipment for a building, the accurate cooling load calculations are required. For peak cooling load, the solar peak time at a given location is required. The present work deals with the analysis of Solar Peak Time for Indian Sub-Continent, by varying the solar time and geographical directions. The variation patterns as a result of heat gains due to occupants, equipment and lighting in the building are analysed on hourly basis using the CLTD method. Similarly, the variation patterns of cooling load due to variation in outdoor dry bulb temperature and relative humidity are obtained for different cities across India by considering the same room psychometric conditions, internal loads and maximum solar peak time. The TETD method always over predicts the estimated cooling load.
Maintenance priorities determination for a repairable unit of a sugar plant
Authors: Sharma Gaurav , Tewari P C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present study, a repairable unit of a sugar plant has been considered to determine the maintenance priorities of various subsystems of the unit. The selected repairable unit is crushing unit and it comprises of crusher, inter carrier and pump subsystems. Performance modeling of the unit is based on Markov approach. From the transition diagram of the unit, Chapman-Kolmogorov differential equations are derived. The equations are then solved to get the availability in steady state. It is assumed that all subsystems have constant rates of failure and repair. After that, development of decision matrices has been done for all subsystems. For various permutations of failure rates as well as repair rates, these decision matrices present different levels of availability for all the subsystems. On the basis of various values of availabilities and the graphs of failure and repair rates of subsystems, the optimum values of failure and repair rates are selected for maximum availability of each subsystem. Accordingly, priorities for maintenance are determined for various subsystems of repairable crushing unit. This will ensure maximum availability level of the crushing unit and will finally lead to the overall performance enhancement thereby maximizing the profitability of the plant.
Numerical analysis of gasoline fuel with laser ignited spark ignition
Authors: Patil S S , Nandgaonkar M R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Laser ignition overcomes the problem of faster degradation of electrodes using high energy required for lean burn and reduced heat loss to the electrodes. A number of investigations have been carried out on laser ignition of gaseous fuels but the work, on laser ignition of liquid fuels is indeed very limited. In present work, a Multi-dimensional CFD model using ANSYS Fluent 17.2 was developed for constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) to characterize laser ignition combustion phenomenon from the start of plasma formation to end of combustion. The combustion and emission characteristics of gasoline-air mixture ignited by laser-induced spark were studied using numerical simulation. It was predicted from results obtained from numerical results that peak pressure goes on increasing with the increase in equivalence ratios from 0.8 to 1.4. The numerical simulation results obtained were in good agreement with experimental results of literature with 10.6 % percentage error, which demonstrates that the model developed is valid for the combustion process. The trends of the NOX, CO, CO2, emissions were analyzed using a numerical model.
Optimization of process parameters of microwave processed PLLA/coir composites for enhanced mechanical behavior
Authors: Singh Manoj Kumar , Verma Nishant , Zafar Sunny 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present work, poly-L-lactide (PLLA)/coir-based polymer composites were fabricated by a novel manufacturing route of microwave processing. Microwave processing is faster and cleaner process as compare to conventional manufacturing processes. The effect of microwave temperature, time and fibre weight reinforcement was evaluated for their mechanical behaviour using uniaxial tension and flexural tests. The full factorial design was used to optimize the process parameters for enhanced mechanical performance of the composites. The analysis of results was done on Design Expert V.10 software. PLLA/coir composite processed at 140 °C for 12 min having fibre weight percentage of 30% has maximum tensile strength of 18 MPa. The maximum flexural strength 48 MPa reported was for the same specimen having maximum tensile strength. The optimized value of process parameters obtained was, processing temperature: 140°C, time 12 min and coir reinforcement percentage of 30%. The fractured specimens were characterised using scanning electron microscopy to support the results.
Experimental heat transfer coefficient during condensation of R-410A in horizontal micro-fin tubes
Authors: Singh S , Kukreja R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Condensation heat transfer coefficient has been calculated experimentally in microfin tubes of outer diameter 9.52mm with helix angles 15° and 18°. Condensation of refrigerant R-410A include mass fluxes from 200 to 600 kg/m2s, vapour qualities between 0.1 to 0.9 and saturation temperature at 35 °C and 40°C. The experimental results indicate that the average heat transfer coefficients of R-410A in micro-fin (MF) tubes were increased 1.15-1.47 times larger than those of smooth tube (ST). The experimental results are compared with the existing correlations of heat transfer coefficient proposed by other authors. The comparison indicated good agreement with these existing correlations within ±30%. A correlation has also been developed for predicting condensation heat transfer coefficient in micro-fin tubes.
Design and analysis of progressive tool for an automobile component
Authors: Chavan Harshal A , Wani Vijay P 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Dies are used in forming industries from several years, especially for sheet metal. Progressive dies are forming tool which involve in performing more than two different operations at working stations. The finished product is obtained from the raw material by forming from first station to last station. To design and develop various components in metal forming is very complicated task. Current study is focused on design and develop a progressive die to manufacture tail gate striker used in head lamp assembly, which previously manufactured using different dies. Progressive die uses low cost standardise tools for improvement in production. Progressive die leads to various uncertainties, which results in manufacturing loss of component. Based on the experience of the designer, it is require to identify the risk and resolve the same at the time of design. Use of CAE in designing and developing the progressive die for automobile component is discussed in brief with analysis. Use of progressive die results in maximum usage of raw material to manufacture the desired component. With use of progressive die, overall rate of production increases with less labour cost.
Elastohydrostatic simulation of thrust bearing Compensated with orifice restrictor operation with non-Newtonian lubricant
Authors: Yadav Saurabh K , Ram Nathi , Sharma Satish C 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present work influence of elastohydrostaic lubrication on orifice compensated bearing has been shown. The thrust pad has been modeled by using three-dimensional mesh and lubrication domain has been modeled by using two dimensional mesh. The analysis of Reynold equation is coupled with the analysis of solution of equilibrium equation of thrust pad domain. The Present results shows that elasticity of thrust pad results a significant decrement in the fluid film Elasticity and it results an increase in fluid film stiffness. In the present case Circular, Elliptical, square and rectangular shape of recess has been taken from the analysis.
Integration of solar charged PCM storage with VAR system for low capacity vegetable cold storage
Authors: Awasthi Rajeev , Chattopadhyay Suman , Ghosh Sudip 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this work a solar-assisted vapour absorption refrigeration (VAR) system, suitable for 10 MT vegetable cold storage for a small village, has been modelled and analysed for day-night operation. Solar parabolic trough collector (PTC) has been considered for integration with a LiBr-H2O based VAR system. Thermal energy from solar thermal system is stored in a phase change material (PCM) energy storage, which is integrated with the VAR system. Apart from system integration, operational strategy of the storage based system has been evolved and performance of the system on hourly basis for representative days has been reported. The PCM quantity and the number of PTC modules have been decided based on the cooling demand. Hitec salt has been considered as PCM material. The study reveals that 5 PTC modules, each of 30 m2aperture area, and a PCM mass of 12.5 ton can effectively cater the energy demand of the VAR system to successfully maintain the 10 MT cold room at 6 °C.
A Level Set Approach for Dynamics of Flow in Accelerating Rectangular Container
Authors: Senapati J R , Moulic S Ghosh , Roy S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The level set approach is a numerical technique to capture the interface for a system of two immiscible fluids separated by a sharp interface. Since the interface is captured by an implicit function using this approach, this is a Eulerian formulation of the evolution of interface. The different fluids must be identified by using a marker function, called the level set function that takes different values in the various fluids. The present work uses a level set approach for modeling the dynamics of flow and the shape of the liquid free surface in a partly filled rectangular tank which is subjected to an impulsive motion from rest. The governing equations are written about a non-inertial frame attached to the container in motion. Extremely high viscosity and density ratios of the two immiscible fluids make the problem more challenging. The surface tension forces are ignored in this study. The signed distance property of the level set function is retained by using the reinitialization algorithm. In the present study, we have compared the computed shapes of equilibrium free surface with theoretically predicted shapes at equilibrium.
Design and Development of Spin Welding Machine for Thermoplastics
Authors: Bindal Tarun , Saxena Ravindra K. , Pandey Sunil 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A new indigenous spin welding machine for thermoplastics with advanced mechatronic controls is conceptualised, designed in detail and a prototype is developed for joining of two thermoplastic parts in axis-symmetrical fashion. Manual spin welding machines for joining thermoplastic parts in axis-symmetrical manner are generally obtained by modifying drill type machines which causes the relative frictional rotation of parts under contact pressure exerted manually through a lever. The contact under relative motion causes the heat generation and results into fusion of parts. The joints from such machines exhibit inconsistency inherent in the manual process. The indigenous prototype machine is able to perform spin welding process with consistency. It enables the operator to choose and control the process parameters such as rotation velocity, time of rotation, spin pressure and cooling pressure.
Heat transfer studies for the design and optimisation of a distillation column to separate an automotive fuel
Authors: Iqbal A , Ahmad S A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Methylal, an automotive fuel has been noticed as a diesel alteration additive with relatively high hydrogen-to-carbon ratio. Methylal is more volatile than diesel fuel but it is used as a diesel fuel component because of its 100% miscibility with diesel fuel. An attractive feature of methylal is the reduction of particulate emissions of toxic pollutants without affecting the energy density. Unfortunately, methylal is found to form a minimum boiling azeotrope with methanol whose separation by conventional distillation is impossible. Here, we have introduced an enhanced technique of pressure swing distillation which separates methylal and methanol by exploiting its pressure sensitivity. This work has addressed the design and optimisation of a pressure swing distillation column to separate the azeotropic mixture of methylal-methanol. A novel technique of pressure swing distillation has resulted in the production of pure methylal and pure methanol. The pressure in high pressure column of pressure swing distillation process has been optimised in such a way that there is minimization of overall cost of the process with maximization of product purities. Later on, a process intensification technique of heat integration has been developed which has resulted in 55.2% savings in energy by reducing the overall load of reboiler.
Analysis of frictional heating and thermal expansion in a disc brake using COMSOL
Authors: Bashir Masrat , Qayoum Adnan , Saleem Shahid 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This work illustrates the modeling of frictional heating in a disc brake of a car using COMSOL Multiphysics software. Finite element analysis technique is used to predict the frictional heat, temperature distribution and variation in disc thickness of the disc brake. The parameters for the disc and pad were selected from the existing literature. A three dimensional model of disc brake has been created and simulated. The model simulates the dynamics and frictional heating between pad and disc. The frictional heat is computed in the multibody dynamics module of the COMSOL while as temperature distribution is computed by the heat transfer module. Also stresses and disc thickness variation is computed utilizing solid mechanics module. The results obtained from the simulation provide a clear justification of the use of the COMSOL Multiphysics for the evaluation of frictional heat and thermal expansion.
Influence of cutting fluid conditions on tool wear and surface roughness in hard turning AISI-D2 Steel using mixed ceramic tools
Authors: Junaid Mir M. , Wani M.F , Banday Summera , Parveez Bisma 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the present work, the effects of machining factors and cutting fluid flow conditions on tool wear and surface roughness were studied. Response surface methodology technique with Face centered composite design was employed to minimize the number of experiments. The experiments were performed on a hardened AISI D2 rod using mixed ceramic (Al2O3/TiC) inserts in turning process. The effect of machining time was found to be the most influential parameter affecting tool wear, followed by cutting speed. However, machining time followed by feed rate were the most significant parameters on surface roughness. Moreover, cutting fluid condition showed substantial contribution towards decreasing tool wear rate and increasing surface finish.