bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Under canopy light detection and ranging‐based autonomous navigation
Authors: Higuti Vitor A. H. , Velasquez Andres E. B. , Magalhaes Daniel Varela , Becker Marcelo , Chowdhary Girish 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper describes a light detection and ranging (LiDAR)‐based autonomous navigation system for an ultralightweight ground robot in agricultural fields. The system is designed for reliable navigation under cluttered canopies using only a 2D Hokuyo UTM‐30LX LiDAR sensor as the single source for perception. Its purpose is to ensure that the robot can navigate through rows of crops without damaging the plants in narrow row‐based and high‐leaf‐cover semistructured crop plantations, such as corn (Zea mays) and sorghum (
Sorghum bicolor). The key contribution of our work is a LiDAR‐based navigation algorithm capable of rejecting outlying measurements in the point cloud due to plants in adjacent rows, low‐hanging leaf cover or weeds. The algorithm addresses this challenge using a set of heuristics that are designed to filter out outlying measurements in a computationally efficient manner, and linear least squares are applied to estimate within‐row distance using the filtered data. Moreover, a crucial step is the estimate validation, which is achieved through a heuristic that grades and validates the fitted row‐lines based on current and previous information. The proposed LiDAR‐based perception subsystem has been extensively tested in production/breeding corn and sorghum fields. In such variety of highly cluttered real field environments, the robot logged more than 6 km of autonomous run in straight rows. These results demonstrate highly promising advances to LiDAR‐based navigation in realistic field environments for small under‐canopy robots.
Hypergraph coloring up to condensation
Authors: Ayre Peter , Coja‐Oghlan Amin , Greenhill Catherine 
Published: December 2018

Improving a result of Dyer, Frieze and Greenhill [Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B, 2015], we determine the q‐colorability threshold in random k‐uniform hypergraphs up to an additive error of , where . The new lower bound on the threshold matches the “condensation phase transition” predicted by statistical physics considerations [Krzakala et al., PNAS 2007].
An anti‐repeater‐jamming approach based on blind source separation for the downlink of satellite communication systems
Authors: Yang Hua , Zhang Hang , Zhang Jiang , Yang Liu 
Published: December 2018

SummaryIn this paper, an anti‐jamming approach is proposed for the downlink of satellite communication systems when encountering a hostile repeater‐jamming. Based on blind source separation, this approach can eliminate repeater‐jamming by separating the mixtures of the communication signals and the repeater‐jamming. Meanwhile, oversampling method is employed to transform the underdetermined mixing of signals into a determined mixing for facilitating the separation. In the simulations, the symbol error ratio (SER) of the separated communication signals can approximate the theory SER, and the anti‐repeater‐jamming capacity can arrive to nearly 28 dB.
The ends required to justify the means for sustainable affordable housing: A review on critical success criteria
Authors: Adabre Michael Atafo , Chan Albert P.C. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this time of increasing housing demand and incessant housing supply deficit, the need for critical success criteria (CSC) to qualitatively and quantitatively measure the performance of affordable housing projects has become even more relevant. Though affordable housing has received much attention in the construction industry, success in affordable housing is interpreted differently by different researchers and is an abstract term difficult to be assessed. Besides, limited studies exit on providing a framework for assessing success in affordable housing projects. This paper aims to review the literature on CSC for affordable housing and based on the outcomes develop a framework for measuring success in affordable housing projects. To this end, CSC‐related papers were retrieved from Scopus and the Web of Science databases. A systematic desktop search was employed, which culminated in the selection of 34 articles related to CSC for both general construction and affordable housing projects. Based on the literature, 20 CSC for sustainable affordable housing were identified and used to develop a conceptual framework of product success, project management success, and project success. Practically, the findings of this study could help architects, project managers, and planners monitor and control affordable housing projects to ensure successful delivery while also serving as measuring criteria to assess performance of affordable housing projects in meeting households' needs. Theoretically, this study offers an important acumen to the existing literature on CSC for affordable housing and provides useful findings for further empirical studies.
Impact of Abradant Size on Damaged Zone of 304 AISI Steel Characterized by Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy
Authors: Horodek P. , Siemek K. , Dryzek J. , Wróbel M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Positron annihilation, electron microscopy, and optical profilometry studies of steel 304 AISI exposed to blasting with different size of abradant, i.e., alumina and glass have been reported. The size of abradant particles has a direct impact on the roughness which changed from 0.7 μm to about 5 μm. Positron lifetime measurements revealed the existence of defects associated with the dislocations in samples processed with a smaller medium. In the case of blasting with aluminum oxide particles with a diameter of 250 μm, monovacancies were detected in processed specimens. The defect concentration induced by blasting decreases with the increase of the depth from the surface, and it depends on the abradant particles’ size.
Advancing the Disaster and Development Paradigm
Authors: Collins Andrew E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractConsolidation of disaster and development studies as an integrated field of action research that influences policy has proved to be fundamental to global disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, climate change, and humanitarian agreements. However, challenges in achieving targets, such as those of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 and the Sustainable Development Goals, requires further advances of the disaster and development paradigm underpinning these aspirations. This article presents perspectives that grew primarily from local action research, particularly research carried out with marginalized and highly at-risk groups of people in Southern Africa and South Asia. Analytical fronts from these findings emphasize disaster and development risk assessment opportunities that consolidate earlier ideas and extend understanding of disaster and development-related risk intervention options. These acknowledge severe shortcomings in disaster risk reduction progress while including greater use of hope as an active ingredient. This process of paradigm exploration remains fundamental to achieving disaster risk reduction, sustainable development, and associated policy objectives. The analysis presented here reiterates earlier groundings in people-centric perspectives, emphasizing social relations and systems of meaning as essential active ingredients for challenging power structures, technology, education, and human behavior. The analysis proposes some consequent thematic fronts for increased investment. These include investing in early buildup of well-being before a disaster, better living with uncertainty, and overcoming the barriers to desired disaster and development outcomes. The article is intended to contribute to an ever-evolving paradigm of disaster and development risk that requires impetus from personal and collective values beyond calculations of disaster and development.
Interaction of crustal and mantle materials, sources of trace elements during the formation and evolution of Early Paleozoic Li-rich granite–pegmatite systems in southeastern Tuva
Authors: Kuznetsova L.G. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We present new data on the age, composition, and environments of formation of granites of the Kystarys complex and the associated Li-rich rare-element pegmatites of the South Sangilen pegmatite belt including the large Tastyg lithium deposit. It has been established that they formed during the Early Paleozoic collisional orogeny in the Tuva–Mongolian massif at the Cambrian–Ordovician boundary. The granites of the Kystarys complex are moderately alkaline high-K rocks and are enriched in Zr, Nb, Y, and REE; therefore, they are classified as postcollisional, transitional to within-plate (A-type). The spodumene pegmatites of the South Sangilen pegmatite belt are similar to the above granites in age and isotopic and geochemical parameters, which suggests a paragenetic relationship between these rocks. Pegmatites form several pegmatite fields within the belt, which differ in trace-element signatures. In addition to predominant Li, Cs, and Ta, specific to all spodumene pegmatites (LCT family), pegmatites of two fields have high contents of Nb, Y, REE, and Zr, which are indicator elements of NYF family pegmatites. It has been established that the formation of spodumene pegmatites with combined LCT–NYF geochemical signatures was preceded by the intrusion of dikes of monzogabbro with the geochemical characteristics of OIB and of alkali aegirine granites and by the formation of associated metasomatites enriched in Zr, Nb, Y, and REE. Based on the geological, mineralogical, and geochemical data, we substantiate the hypothesis of the formation of Li-bearing granite–pegmatite melts from a mixed source resulted from the influence of fluids of an alkaline igneous complex of mantle genesis on the crustal protolith.
Extremely magnesian olivine in igneous rocks
Authors: Plechov P.Yu. , Shcherbakov V.D. , Nekrylov N.A. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Published data on extremely magnesian olivine (&gt;96 mol.% forsterite) in igneous rocks were generalized and compared with data of new high-precision electron probe microanalyses of olivine from oxidized lavas of the Tolbachik Volcano (Kamchatka), chromitites from the Ray-Iz deposit (Russia), alkaline ultrabasic lavas from San Venanzo volcanoes (Italy), and skarns from the Kuh-i-Lal deposit (Tajikistan). All the found olivines resulted from low-temperature processes, such as subsurface oxidation, interaction with carbonates, and subsolidus re-equilibration. Low-temperature formation of olivine is reflected in its structure (hematite lamellae and abundance of inclusions of ore minerals) and abnormal contents of minor components (Mn, Ni, and Ca). The Mg content of olivine increases under the influence of postmagmatic processes and can be manifested in different rocks. This gives grounds to refine the genesis of olivine of exotic composition (93–96 mol.% forsterite) in some kimberlites, komatiites, and peridotites.
Distribution and segregation of trace elements during the growth of ore mineral crystals in hydrothermal systems: geochemical and mineralogical implications
Authors: Tauson V.L. , Lipko S.V. , Smagunov N.V. , Kravtsova R.G. , Arsent’ev K.Yu. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The interfacial crystal layer of poorly soluble mineral grown under hydrothermal conditions is modified chemically into a surficial nonautonomous phase (SNAP) and, in this capacity, takes part in growth process, doing several important functions. This paper considers some of them related to geochemistry and mineralogy. The new interpretation is given to the following phenomena: (1) selection of components during crystal growth in multiphase associations; (2) stability of multiphase parageneses having a common chemical component; (3) dual character of the distribution coefficients due to different properties of the crystal volume and SNAP; (4) formation of nano- and microinclusions of unusual composition different from the basic mineral phase; (5) spatial ordering of nano- and microparticles during their directed aggregation at the growing crystal face; (6) accumulation of valuable components (primarily noble metals), incompatible in most of mineral matrixes, in the surficial layer; and (7) effect of “hidden” metal content, associated with the presence of noble metals in the SNAP or of nano- and microinclusions formed during the SNAP evolution.
Caregivers dying before care recipients with dementia
Authors: Gaugler Joseph E. , Jutkowitz Eric , Peterson Colleen M. , Zmora Rachel 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionAlthough a handful of studies have examined mortality among caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease or a related dementia (ADRD), the proportion of caregivers who die before their cognitively impaired care recipients remains unknown.MethodsWe conducted descriptive and survival analyses on up to 17 years of data from the nationally representative Health and Retirement Study to evaluate the proportion of spouse caregivers who died before their care recipients.ResultsEighteen percent of spouse ADRD caregivers died before their care recipients, and spouse caregivers had a significantly lower risk of mortality than their husbands or wives with ADRD.DiscussionAlthough a large majority of spouse ADRD caregivers will likely not die before their cognitively impaired husband or wife, those persons with ADRD who survive longer than their caregivers are worthy of future inquiry given their potential risk for negative health outcomes.
Seismicity of the Bora‐Tullu Moye Volcanic Field, 2016–2017
Authors: Greenfield Tim , Keir Derek , Kendall J.‐Michael , Ayele Atalay 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Bora‐Tullu Moye (TM) volcanic field is a geothermal energy prospect in the central Main Ethiopian Rift, but little is known about the seismicity of the region. Here we document seismic activity between February 2016 and October 2017, locating more than a 1,000 seismic events of local magnitude 0 to 2.7. This provides new insights into fluid movement and deformation beneath what we only now realize is a complicated volcanic system. A discrete cluster of events lies beneath TM, but, surprisingly, most of the seismicity lies in two clusters that are beneath neither the Bora or TM edifices. In these regions, we use earthquake cluster orientations, fault plane solutions, and fast seismic shear‐wave orientations to show that seismicity is triggered by hydrothermal circulation of fluids along preexisting fractures. The fractures trend in multiple directions and are, in general, not parallel to rifting related structures. Instead, the fractures are parallel to structures created during previous caldera forming eruptions at both Bora and TM. Highly fractured regions such as this could be attractive targets for geothermal power generation. We estimate a minimum depth for a magmatic body beneath TM to be 6.5 km using the mapped brittle‐ductile transition. Frequency analysis of the earthquake waveforms reveal the bulk of the events to be volcano tectonic, but some low‐frequency seismicity is present at a depth of 5 km beneath the TM edifice triggered by high pore fluid pressures.
Snow Failure Modes Under Mixed Loading
Authors: Mede Tijan , Chambon Guillaume , Hagenmuller Pascal , Nicot François 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe mechanical response of snow to mixed‐mode shear and normal loading is the key ingredient for snow avalanche modeling and strongly depends on microstructural characteristics. A discrete element numerical model was developed, which enables the simulation of large‐strain response of snow samples directly described by their full microstructure obtained through X‐ray microtomography. The model offers new insights into the failure mechanism as well as postfailure response of snow in mixed‐mode loading. Three distinct failure modes are identified, depending on the value of applied normal stress. Above a certain threshold normal stress, the failure is characterized by a structural collapse that decomposes the snow sample into a set of cohesionless grains. It is shown that the collapse is a dynamic process, which, once initiated, develops independently of shearing. This behavior was consistently observed for different snow types, including faceted crystals typically composing weak layers.
Thermoelastic Properties of Aluminous Phases in MORB From First‐Principle Calculation: Implications for Earth's Lower Mantle
Authors: Zhao Mengqi , Zhou Huiqun , Yin Kun , Sun Yicheng , Liu Xin , Xu Shijin , Lu Xiancai 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe mantle dynamics and mineralogy of the deep Earth are fundamentally influenced by the intrusion of subducted mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB). Calcium ferrite (CF) structure and calcium titanate (CT) structure phases are probable candidates for the end members of the complex aluminous solid solution in MORB under Earth's lower mantle (LM) conditions. In this paper, we investigate the thermoelastic properties of CF‐type MgAl2O4 (Mg‐CF), CT‐type MgAl2O4 (Mg‐CT), and CF‐type NaMg2Al5SiO12 (NaMg‐CF) under 32 to 142 GPa at 0, 2,000, and 3,000 K by ab initio molecular dynamics calculations. Using the thermal equations of state of the aluminous phases and considering the effects of composition and phase transition, we confirm that MORB is 0.7–1.8% denser than the surrounding mantle and support that oceanic plate could subduct at least to the bottom 200–300 km of the LM. At LM pressure‐temperature conditions, MORB has 0.3% faster VP, 2.2% slower Vs, and 1.9% faster VΦ than does the preliminary reference Earth model. Temperature dependencies of elasticity of Mg‐CF, Mg‐CT, and NaMg‐CF are calculated under LM conditions. We find that the temperature effect on different elastic constant components is complicated and the trend in the changes of derivatives of wave velocities with respect to temperature is contrary to other system (e.g., bridgmanite), so it is worth obtaining the elastic properties of mantle minerals under their relevant conditions. In addition, the significant elastic anisotropy due to the phase transition from CF structure to CT structure may lead to detectable seismic anisotropy at the bottom of the LM.
Wave Boundary Layer Hydrodynamics and Sheet Flow Properties Under Large‐Scale Plunging‐Type Breaking Waves
Authors: Fromant G. , Hurther D. , van der Zanden J. , van der A D. A. , Cáceres I. , O'Donoghue T. , Ribberink J. S. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWave boundary layer (WBL) dynamics are measured with an Acoustic Concentration and Velocity Profiler (ACVP) across the sheet flow‐dominated wave‐breaking region of regular large‐scale waves breaking as a plunger over a developing breaker bar. Acoustic sheet flow measurements are first evaluated quantitatively in comparison to Conductivity Concentration Meter (CCM+) data used as a reference. The near‐bed orbital velocity field exhibits expected behaviors in terms of wave shape, intrawave WBL thickness, and velocity phase leads. The observed fully turbulent flow regime all across the studied wave‐breaking region supports the model‐predicted transformation of free‐stream velocity asymmetry into near‐bed velocity skewness inside the WBL. Intrawave concentration dynamics reveal the existence of a lower pickup layer and an upper sheet flow layer similar to skewed oscillatory sheet flows, and with similar characteristics in terms of erosion depth and sheet flow layer thickness. Compared to the shoaling region, differences in terms of sheet flow and hydrodynamic properties of the flow are observed at the plunge point, attributed to the locally enhanced wave breaker turbulence. The ACVP‐measured total sheet flow transport rate is decomposed into its current‐, wave‐, and turbulence‐driven components. In the shoaling region, the sand transport is found to be fully dominated by the onshore skewed wave‐driven component with negligible phase lag effects. In the outer surf zone, the total net flux exhibits a three‐layer vertical structure typical of skewed oscillatory sheet flows. However, in the present experiments this structure originates from offshore‐directed undertow‐driven flux, rather than from phase lag effects.
Spatial Distribution and Biogeochemical Cycling of Dimethylated Sulfur Compounds and Methane in the East China Sea During Spring
Authors: Zhai Xing , Li Jian‐Long , Zhang Hong‐Hai , Tan Dan‐Dan , Yang Gui‐Peng 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe spatial distributions of dimethylsulfide (DMS), dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and methane (CH4) were studied in the East China Sea during May 2017, and the possible controlling factors and biogeochemical cycling processes are discussed. The mean surface concentrations of DMS and CH4 were 10.66 and 9.93 nmol/L in the coastal area and 7.60 and 6.88 nmol/L in the open ocean, respectively. Horizontal and vertical profiles of the dimethylated sulfur compounds and CH4 were largely affected by different water masses, with enhancement observed in the coastal area. Significant correlations were found between CH4 and particulate DMSP (r = 0.609, p < 0.01, n = 42), and between CH4 and dissolved DMSO (r = 0.654, p < 0.01, n = 42). A dissolved DMSP (DMSPd) spike experiment revealed that the bacterial communities had potential to utilize DMSPd, meanwhile producing CH4 under oligotrophic conditions. The average mixing ratio of atmospheric DMS was 109 ± 49 pptv. Variations of marine DMS and wind speed explained 23 and 40% of the variation in the mixing ratios of atmospheric DMS, respectively. The sea‐to‐air fluxes of DMS and CH4 were estimated to be 18.64 ± 14.92 and 13.85 ± 15.03 μmol m−2 d−1, respectively.
Source-device-independent heterodyne-based quantum random number generator at 17 Gbps
Authors: Avesani Marco , Marangon Davide G. , Vallone Giuseppe , Villoresi Paolo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRandom numbers are commonly used in many different fields, ranging from simulations in fundamental science to security applications. In some critical cases, as Bell’s tests and cryptography, the random numbers are required to be both private and to be provided at an ultra-fast rate. However, practical generators are usually considered trusted, but their security can be compromised in case of imperfections or malicious external actions. In this work we introduce an efficient protocol which guarantees security and speed in the generation. We propose a source-device-independent protocol based on generic Positive Operator Valued Measurements and then we specialize the result to heterodyne measurements. Furthermore, we experimentally implemented the protocol, reaching a secure generation rate of 17.42 Gbit/s, without the need of an initial source of randomness. The security of the protocol has been proven for general attacks in the finite key scenario.
The intralumenal fragment pathway mediates ESCRT-independent surface transporter down-regulation
Authors: McNally Erin Kate , Brett Christopher Leonard 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSurface receptor and transporter protein down-regulation is assumed to be exclusively mediated by the canonical multivesicular body (MVB) pathway and ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport). However, few surface proteins are known to require ESCRTs for down-regulation, and reports of ESCRT-independent degradation are emerging, suggesting that alternative pathways exist. Here, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, we show that the hexose transporter Hxt3 does not require ESCRTs for down-regulation conferring resistance to 2-deoxyglucose. This is consistent with GFP-tagged Hxt3 bypassing ESCRT-mediated entry into intralumenal vesicles at endosomes. Instead, Hxt3-GFP accumulates on vacuolar lysosome membranes and is sorted into an area that, upon fusion, is internalized as an intralumenal fragment (ILF) and degraded. Moreover, heat stress or cycloheximide trigger degradation of Hxt3-GFP and other surface transporter proteins (Itr1, Aqr1) by this ESCRT-independent process. How this ILF pathway compares to the MVB pathway and potentially contributes to physiology is discussed.