bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Case Study of Airmass Transformation and Cloud Formation at Summit, Greenland
Authors: Solomon Amy , Shupe Matthew D. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study investigates cloud formation and transitions in cloud types at Summit, Greenland, during 16–22 September 2010, when a warm, moist air mass was advected to Greenland from lower latitudes. During this period there was a sharp transition between high ice clouds and the formation of a lower stratocumulus deck at Summit. A regional mesoscale model is used to investigate the air masses that form these cloud systems. It is found that the high ice clouds form in originally warm, moist air masses that radiatively cool while being transported to Summit. A sensitivity study removing high ice clouds demonstrates that the primary impact of these clouds at Summit is to reduce cloud liquid water embedded within the ice cloud and water vapor in the boundary layer due to vapor deposition on snow. The mixed-phase stratocumulus clouds form at the base of cold, dry air masses advected from the northwest above 4 km. The net surface radiative fluxes during the stratocumulus period are at least 20 W m−2 larger than during the ice cloud period, indicating that, in seasons other than summer, cold, dry air masses advected to Summit above the boundary layer may radiatively warm the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet more effectively than warm, moist air masses advected from lower latitudes.
Are familial liability for schizophrenia and obstetric complications independently associated with risk of psychotic illness, after adjusting for other environmental stressors in childhood?
Authors: Morgan Vera A , Di Prinzio Patsy , Valuri Giulietta , Croft Maxine , McNeil Thomas , Jablensky Assen 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The interplay between genetic and environmental factors on risk for psychotic illness remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to estimate independent and combined effects of familial liability for schizophrenia and exposure to obstetric complications on risk for developing psychotic illness, covarying with exposure to other environmental stressors. Methods: This whole-population birth cohort study used record linkage across Western Australian statewide data collections (midwives, psychiatric, hospital admissions, child protection, mortality) to identify liveborn offspring ( n = 1046) born 1980–1995 to mothers with schizophrenia, comparing them to offspring of mothers with no recorded psychiatric history ( n = 298,370). Results: Both maternal schizophrenia and pregnancy complications were each significantly associated with psychotic illness in offspring, with no interaction. Non-obstetric environmental stressors significantly associated with psychotic illness in offspring included the following: being Indigenous; having a mother who was not in a partnered relationship; episodes of disrupted parenting due to hospitalisation of mother, father or child; abuse in childhood; and living in areas of greatest socioeconomic disadvantage and with elevated rates of violent crime. Adjustment for these other environmental stressors reduced the hazard ratio for maternal schizophrenia substantially (from hazard ratio: 5.7, confidence interval: 4.5–7.2 to hazard ratio: 3.5, confidence interval: 2.8–4.4), but not the estimate for pregnancy complications (hazard ratio: 1.1, confidence interval: 1.0–1.2). The population attributable fraction for maternal schizophrenia was 1.4 and for pregnancy complications was 2.1. Conclusion: Our finding of a substantial decrease in risk of psychotic illness associated with familial liability for psychosis following adjustment for other environmental stressors highlights potentially modifiable risk factors on the trajectory to psychotic illness and suggests that interventions that reduce or manage exposure to these risks may be protective, despite a genetic liability.
Australian psychiatrists on the world stage
Authors: Parker Gordon 
Published: July 2019

Objective: To nominate Australian psychiatrists no longer living who made a distinct international contribution and impact. Method: Personal choices were made in nominating five psychiatrists and with supportive arguments provided in reviewing their contributions. Results: The five nominated psychiatrists were John Cade, Aubrey Lewis, Leslie Kiloh, Bernard Carroll and Issy Pilowsky. Conclusion: Background information allows the contributions of the five nominees to be both considered and celebrated.
Americans’ Trust in Health Information Sources: Trends and Sociodemographic Predictors
Authors: Jackson Devlon N. , Peterson Emily B. , Blake Kelly D. , Coa Kisha , Chou Wen-Ying Sylvia 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: To assess the public’s trust in health information sources (ie, government health agencies, doctors, family/friends, charitable organizations, and religious leaders/organizations) from 2005 to 2015 and identify sociodemographics factors associated with high trust. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Health Information National Trends Survey, a US nationally representative publicly available data on health-related knowledge, behaviors, and attitudes. Participants: Data included 5 iterations (2005-2015) of US adults (2005: N = 5586, 2008: N = 7764, 2011: N = 3959, 2013: N = 3185, and 2015: N = 3738). Measures: Outcome variables were high trust in health information sources and independent variables were sociodemographics. Analysis: A descriptive analysis was conducted to track changes in trust over the past decade. The χ2 and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to assess sociodemographic associations in 2015. Results: Trust in health information across all sources remained stable from 2005 to 2015. Doctors were the most trusted source, followed by government health agencies. Sociodemographics were independently associated with trust. For example, non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to trust charitable organizations (odds ratio [OR] = 2.32, confidence interval [CI] = 1.42-3.79) and religious leaders/organizations (OR = 3.57, CI = 1.20-10.57) compared to non-Hispanic whites. In addition, those with less than high school education (OR = 2.44, CI = 1.32-4.52) were more likely than college graduates to report trust in religious leaders/organizations. Conclusion: Although there are analytic limitations to the specific time periods, the findings demonstrate that public health communication practitioners must consider the role of source credibility among priority populations when disseminating and promoting information.
The Role of Emotions and Perceived Ad Effectiveness: Evidence From the Truth FinishIt Campaign
Authors: Rath Jessica M. , Green Molly P. , Vallone Donna M. , Briggs Jodie , Palmerini Maureen , Geraci John , Pitzer Lindsay , Hair Elizabeth C. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: Examine association between emotional valence and intensity prompted by anti-tobacco advertising messages and perceived ad effectiveness among youth/young adults. Design: Online forced-exposure survey data from a nationally weighted, cross-sectional sample of youth/young adults, collected periodically over a 4-year period. Setting: National. Participants: Thirty-seven cross-sectional surveys conducted online from June 2015 to January 2018; total N = 9534. All participants, aged 15 to 21, were in the intervention; no control group. Intervention: Individuals participating in premarket testing of truth ads were forced exposed to one of 37 anti-tobacco ads. Measures: Emotional response, emotional intensity, and perceived ad effectiveness. Emotional response has been previously studied and measured. Including the discrete measure of “concerned” in positive emotions is unique to our study. It patterned with the other positive emotions when each ad was examined by each emotion. Intensity as measured in this study through the 5-point scale (“how much does this ad make you feel”) is unique in the anti-tobacco ad literature. Although several past studies ranked the degree of emotion elicited by ads, they have not incorporated the intensity of emotion as reported by the participant themselves. The scale was used to determine whether perceived ad effectiveness is similar to those used in previous studies. Analysis: Linear regressions were estimated to assess type of emotional sentiment and level of intensity in relation to perceived effectiveness of the message. Results: All 9534 participants were exposed; no control group. The βs indicate how strongly the emotion variable influences the study outcome of perceived ad effectiveness. Positive emotions (β = .76) were more highly associated with perceived ad effectiveness (β = .06). Higher intensity with positive emotional sentiment and high-intensity negative produced the highest scores for perceived ad effectiveness (β = .30). Conclusion: Eliciting a positive, high-impact emotional response from viewers can help improve perceived effectiveness, and in turn, overall ad effectiveness.
Trajectories of Adherence to Low-Dose Aspirin Treatment Among the French Population
Authors: Ajrouche Aya , Estellat Candice , De Rycke Yann , Tubach Florence 
Published: July 2019

Background: Previous studies have shown that adherence to low-dose aspirin (LDA) is suboptimal. However, these studies were based on an average measure of adherence during follow-up, ignoring its dynamic process over time. We described the trajectories of adherence to LDA treatment among the French population over 3 years of follow-up. Methods: We identified a cohort of 11 793 new LDA users, aged ≥50 years in 2010, by using the French national health-care database. Patients included had at least 3 years of history in the database before study entry to exclude prevalent aspirin users and to assess baseline comorbidities. They were followed from the first date of LDA supply (the index date) until the first date among death, exit from the database, or 3 years after the index date. Adherence to LDA was assessed every 3 months by using the proportion of days covered (PDC) and dichotomized with a cutoff of PDC of 0.8. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify trajectories of LDA adherence. Predictors of LDA adherence trajectory membership were identified by multinomial logistics regression. Results: We identified 4 trajectories of adherence among new LDA users: the not-adherents (4737 [40.2%]), the delayed not-adherents (gradual decrease in adherence probability, 1601 [13.6%]), the delayed adherents (gradual increase in adherence probability, 1137 [9.6%]), and the persistent adherents (4318 [36.6%]). The probability of belonging to the not-adherent group was increased with female sex, low socioeconomic status, and polymedication and was reduced with a secondary indication for LDA use, such as diabetes, hypertension, and dementia, at least 4 consultations in the previous year, or 1 hospitalization or a cardiologist consultation in the 3 months before the index date. Conclusion: This study provides a dynamic picture of adherence behaviors among new LDA users and underlines the presence of critical trajectories that intervention could target to improve adherence.
Estimating the prevalence of multiple sclerosis using 56.6 million electronic health records from the United States
Authors: Briggs Farren BS , Hill Eddie 
Published: July 2019

Background/objective: In 2019, the 2010 U.S. multiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence was robustly estimated (265.1–309.2/100,000) based on large administrative health-claims datasets. Using 56.6 million electronic health records (EHRs), we sought to generate complementary age, sex, and race standardized estimates. Methods/results: Using de-identified EHRs and 2018 U.S. Census data, we estimated an age- and sex-standardized MS prevalence of 219.5/100,000 which increased to 274.5/100,000 when accounting for White and Black race alone. Women aged 50 to 69 years had the highest prevalence (>600/100,000). Among White and Black Americans, the age- and sex-standardized prevalence was 283.7 and 226.1 per 100,000, respectively. Conclusion: Using 56.6 million EHRs and standardizing for age, sex, and race (White and Black Americans only), we estimated at least 810,504 Americans were living with MS in 2018.
Barriers to and Facilitators of Implementing DEPENAS Biopsychosocial Intervention in Primary Care: A Study Protocol
Authors: Sarriugarte Jose María Aiarzaguena , Cifuentes Maite Espinosa , Inda Idoia Gaminde , Baranda Leticia Isla , PedreroJocano Juan Eduardo , Varona Enrique de la peña , Garicano Juan Ignacio del Pozo , Lavado Javier González , Vallejo Susana Martinez 
Published: July 2019

Background: Our team has developed a biopsychosocial intervention called DEPENAS that has shown to be effective in primary health care in improving health and quality of life of patients with medically unexplained symptoms. We also found that general practitioners participating in the clinical trial do not use the intervention systematically because of barriers related to psychological determinants among professionals themselves. Based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) of Susan Michie, our study aims (1) to identify psychological determinants among professionals who are perceived to be facilitators of or barriers to the systematic and generalized use of the intervention in the consultation room and (2) to design an implementation strategy that considers these determinants and helps us to address them with a series of predesigned and validated techniques. Method: A qualitative exploratory study has been designed based on semistructured individual interviews conducted following a script based on the 14 TDF domains and analyzed in a deductive way. Participants will be doctors and nurses previously trained in the intervention that was put into practice under real-world conditions, from different health centers. Results of the analysis of the interviews will be used as the basis for designing the implementation strategy. Discussion: The implementation of the DEPENAS intervention in primary care to achieve its sustained and widespread use among primary care professionals involves changes in the model of patient care and the model of the health system, toward models that are more in tune with the needs of modern society. Investigating psychological determinants in professionals and addressing them with validated techniques, as part of the strategy for implementing a given intervention, is a novel approach that has the potential to help change the way in which we tackle change in healthcare organizations.
Clinicopathological significance and prognostic implication of programmed death-1 ligand 2 expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Pyo Jung-Soo , Son Byoung Kwan , Chung Kwang Hyun , Oh Il Hwan 
Published: July 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of programmed death-1 ligand 2 (PD-L2) expression in colorectal cancer according to intratumoral components. Methods: We used immunohistochemical analysis to investigate the impact of PD-L2 expression on clinicopathological characteristics and survival in 264 human colorectal cancer tissues. We also evaluated the correlation between PD-L2 expression and PD-L1 expression. Results: PD-L2 was expressed in 17.4% of the tumors (T-PD-L2) and in 19.3% of the immune cells (I-PD-L2) of the 264 CRC tissues. I-PD-L2 expression was significantly correlated with favorable tumor behaviors, including lower pathologic tumor stage, less lymph node metastasis, less distant metastasis, and lower pathologic tumor node metastasis stage. There was no significant correlation between I-PD-L2 expression and T-PD-L2 expression ( P = 0.091). However, I-PD-L2 expression was correlated with PD-L1 expression in the immune cells ( P < 0.001). There was also a significant correlation between high Immunoscore and I-PD-L2, but not T-PD-L2 ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.190, respectively). The prognosis was better for patients who expressed I-PD-L2 than for patients who did not. In patients who expressed I-PD-L2, there was a significant difference in the survival rate between subgroups according to the presence or absence of T-PD-L2 expression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that I-PD-L2 expression is significantly correlated with favorable tumor behaviors and better survival rates. There is also a significant correlation between PD-L2 expression and PD-L1 expression in immune cells.
Deep learning-based strategies for the detection and tracking of drones using several cameras
Authors: Unlu Eren , Zenou Emmanuel , Riviere Nicolas , Dupouy Paul-Edouard 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Commercial Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) industry, which is publicly known as drone, has seen a tremendous increase in last few years, making these devices highly accessible to public. This phenomenon has immediately raised security concerns due to fact that these devices can intentionally or unintentionally cause serious hazards. In order to protect critical locations, the academia and industry have proposed several solutions in recent years. Computer vision is extensively used to detect drones autonomously compared to other proposed solutions such as RADAR, acoustics and RF signal analysis thanks to its robustness. Among these computer vision-based approaches, we see the preference of deep learning algorithms thanks to their effectiveness. In this paper, we are presenting an autonomous drone detection and tracking system which uses a static wide-angle camera and a lower-angle camera mounted on a rotating turret. In order to use memory and time efficiently, we propose a combined multi-frame deep learning detection technique, where the frame coming from the zoomed camera on the turret is overlaid on the wide-angle static camera’s frame. With this approach, we are able to build an efficient pipeline where the initial detection of small sized aerial intruders on the main image plane and their detection on the zoomed image plane is performed simultaneously, minimizing the cost of resource exhaustive detection algorithm. In addition to this, we present the integral system including tracking algorithms, deep learning classification architectures and the protocols.
Early intervention in psychosis: health economic evaluation using the net benefit approach in a real-world setting
Authors: Behan Caragh , Kennelly Brendan , Roche Eric , Renwick Laoise , Masterson Sarah , Lyne John , O'Donoghue Brian , Waddington John , McDonough Catherine , McCrone Paul , Clarke Mary 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundEarly intervention in psychosis is a complex intervention, usually delivered in a specialist stand-alone setting, which aims to improve outcomes for people with psychosis. Previous studies have been criticised because the control used did not accurately reflect actual practice.AimsTo evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early intervention by estimating the incremental net benefit (INB) of an early-intervention programme, delivered in a real-world setting. INB measures the difference in monetary terms between alternative interventions.MethodTwo contemporaneous incidence-based cohorts presenting with first-episode psychosis, aged 18–65 years, were compared. Costs and outcomes were measured over 1 year. The main outcome was avoidance of a relapse that required admission to hospital or home-based treatment.ResultsFrom the health sector perspective, the probability that early intervention was cost-effective was 0.77. The INB was €2465 per person (95% CI − €4418 to €9347) when society placed a value of €6000, the cost of an in-patient relapse, on preventing a relapse requiring admission or home care. Following adjustment, the probability that early intervention was cost-effective was 1, and the INB to the health sector was €3105 per person (95% CI −€8453 to €14 663). From a societal perspective, the adjusted probability that early intervention was cost-effective was 1, and the INB was €19 928 per person (95% CI − €2075 to €41 931).ConclusionsEarly intervention has a modest INB from the health sector perspective and a large INB from the societal perspective. The perspective chosen is critical when presenting results of an economic evaluation of a complex intervention.
“Ganz Unmusikalisch”: Freud’s Seconda Prattica
Authors: Reitman Nimrod 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article reads Sigmund Freud and Claudio Monteverdi’s understanding of musicality, its affinity with rhetoric, and the way this relation informs their individual oeuvres. Both Monteverdi and Freud, each in his own way, were condemned to live with an aversion to musicality that strengthened their hermeneutics of psychic and discursive disturbance. Through the specific rhetorical figure of the musical lament found in psychoanalytical discourse, the article demonstrates the way dissonances implicate opera, the madrigal, and the talking-cure, making aporetic claims, especially in the face of Freud’s self-attestation—his resolute conviction that he was “ganz unmusikalisch”—which astonishingly matches Monteverdi’s own resistance to music.
“Good to Think With”: The Work of Objects in Three Novels of Modern Jewish Life
Authors: Mann Barbara E. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This essay analyzes the depiction of “things” in three modernist novels: Dovid Bergelson’s The End of Everything (Yiddish, 1913), a tale of ennui set in a provincial town outside Kiev, where faded fabrics and cherished ornaments in drawing rooms emblematize the end of an era; Henry Roth’s Call It Sleep (1934), where the detritus of a Lower East Side childhood become symbolic totems of a violent coming-of-age; and S. Y. Agnon’s Just Yesterday (Hebrew, 1946), an epic novel of immigration, cultural renaissance, and insanity set in Jaffa and Jerusalem, wherein taxidermy and olive-wood craft figure as metonymic symbols of a new national self. My comparative reading of these novels highlights a complementary set of conditions—objects in books, and the book as object. I argue that the genre’s engagement with things, and its emergence as a thing, suggests how writing both fears and revels in its own commodification and immersion in the economic sphere. These novels exemplify how modern, transnational Jewish literature was reconceived as material culture.
Heartsick: The Language of French Disgust
Authors: Freed-Thall Hannah 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe rhetoric of revulsion has shaped French cultural modernity. This essay examines salient forms of nineteenth- and twentieth-century French literary disgust, then turns to écœurement (heartsickness) as a contemporary case study. Écœurement is key to the work of the philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy and the novelist and playwright Marie NDiaye. These thinkers embrace heartsickness as a state of exposure that unsettles discourses of philosophical mastery and practices of social refinement. The essay thus shows that the language of disgust is not necessarily reactionary and nostalgic—as has often been argued—but can enable new forms of collective resistance and attachment.