bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TBAI/K2S2O8‐Promoted Multicomponent Domino Reaction of Aryl Methyl Ketones, Enaminones, and Indoles: A Facile Access to Multisubstituted 3‐Indolyl‐pyrroles
Authors: Yang Jiao , Zhou Pan , Hu Biao , Zhao Siyun , Zhang Qiaohe , Xu Li , Yang Rui , Yu Fuchao 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA TBAI/K2S2O8‐promoted multicomponent domino protocol has been developed for the synthesis of various functionalized 3‐indolyl‐pyrroles from simple and readily available aryl methyl ketones, enaminones, and indoles. This domino process involves sequential C(sp3)−H bond oxidative functionalization and cyclization. This practical methodology have significant advantages including simple and readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, high tolerance of various functional groups, and very simple operation.
Experimental tests for improving buildability of construction methods for high‐strength concrete columns in high‐rise buildings
Authors: Shim Hak Bo , Kim Yousok , Park Hyo Seon 
Published: November 2018

SummaryHigh‐strength concrete columns have the advantage of increasing the amount of usable area in the building because the cross‐section of the columns takes up less space compared with columns using normal strength concrete. However, it is difficult to weld the steel reinforcement and steel members because of the narrow column width due to a decrease in the cross‐section of the column, thereby causing construction delay in many cases. In this paper, five construction methods with different details for high‐strength reinforced concrete columns are tested to improve the buildability of the columns. Five specimens with different construction details were tested and analyzed based on four aspects: (a) the relationship between load and displacements, (b) strain distributions, (c) axial stiffness, and (d) crack patterns. Specimens were constructed using concrete with a compressive strength of 55 MPa, and the design strength of all five specimens were set to about 10,740 kN. From results of the experiment, the specimen with a reduced number of vertical reinforcements from 24 of HD22 (SD400, Fy = 400 MPa) to 16 of UD22 (SD600, Fy = 600 MPa) was the most effective specimen to improve the buildability of the column without deteriorating the structural performance of the reference specimen.
Does climate-smart village approach influence gender equality in farming households? A case of two contrasting ecologies in India
Authors: Hariharan Vinod K. , Mittal Surabhi , Rai Munmun , Agarwal Tripti , Kalvaniya Kailash C. , Stirling Clare M. , Jat M. L. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Evidence from climate-smart village (CSV) approach to mainstream climate-smart agriculture (CSA) demonstrates improved productivity, income, and reduced climatic risks. However, its contribution to gender empowerment in diverse farming households is not documented. This study creates a Gender Empowerment Index for climate-smart villages (GEI-CSV) based on four major measurable indicators—political, economic, agricultural, and social. The gender gap was derived by mapping difference in empowerment levels across selected CSVs and non-CSVs. These indicators can be used as a vital tool to understand the process of gender empowerment that can trigger the entry points to achieve gender equality, which is also an important aspect in the adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices (CSAPs). The study measures empowerment at the inter-household and intra-household level across CSVs and non-CSVs from the individual household survey with both female and male members of the same household. This paper provides evidence demonstrating how gender empowerment differs in CSVs and non-CSVs from selected climate-smart villages (community-based approach) in two contrasting ecologies and socio-economic settings of India. The study documents the existing gender gap in CSVs and non-CSVs across India’s western (Haryana) and eastern (Bihar) Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). Irrespective of CSVs and non-CSVs, considerable differences in outlook and gender gap were observed between Bihar and Haryana. Both women and men in Bihar are less empowered than they are in Haryana. High empowerment level in CSVs than non-CSVs shows that the concept of CSVs has brought a change towards knowledge and capacity enhancement of both women and men farmers promoting gender equality in farming households with a varying scope of interventions made and required for scaling CSAPs across the diversity of farming households.
The clinical practice of risk reduction for Alzheimer's disease: A precision medicine approach
Authors: Isaacson Richard S. , Ganzer Christine A. , Hristov Hollie , Hackett Katherine , Caesar Emily , Cohen Randy , Kachko Robert , Meléndez‐Cabrero Josefina , Rahman Aneela , Scheyer Olivia , Hwang Mu Ji , Berkowitz Cara , Hendrix Suzanne , Mureb Monica , Schelke Matthew W. , Mosconi Lisa , Seifan Alon , Krikorian Robert 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLike virtually all age‐related chronic diseases, late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) develops over an extended preclinical period and is associated with modifiable lifestyle and environmental factors. We hypothesize that multimodal interventions that address many risk factors simultaneously and are individually tailored to patients may help reduce AD risk. We describe a novel clinical methodology used to evaluate and treat patients at two Alzheimer's Prevention Clinics. The framework applies evidence‐based principles of clinical precision medicine to tailor individualized recommendations, follow patients longitudinally to continually refine the interventions, and evaluate N‐of‐1 effectiveness (trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03687710). Prior preliminary results suggest that the clinical practice of AD risk reduction is feasible, with measurable improvements in cognition and biomarkers of AD risk. We propose using these early findings as a foundation to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of personalized risk management within an international network of clinician researchers in a cohort study possibly leading to a randomized controlled trial.
The hidden variables problem in Alzheimer's disease clinical trial design
Authors: Liyanage S. Imindu , Santos Clarissa , Weaver Donald F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAs the leading cause of dementia worldwide, Alzheimer's disease has garnered intense academic and clinical interest. Yet, trials in search of a disease‐modifying therapy have failed overwhelmingly. We suggest that, in part, this may be attributable to the influence of disruptive variables inherent to the framework of a clinical trial. Specifically, we observe that everyday factors such as diet, education, mental exertion, leisure participation, multilingualism, sleep, trauma, and physical activity, as well as clinical/study parameters including environment, family coaching, concurrent medications, and illnesses may serve as potent confounders, disruptors, or sources of bias to an otherwise significant drug‐disease interaction. This perspective briefly summarizes the potential influence of these hidden variables on the outcomes of clinical trials and suggests strategies to abate their impact.
Development of Criteria for Epilepsy Genetic Testing in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Jain Puneet , Andrade Danielle , Donner Elizabeth , Dyment David , Prasad Asuri N. , Goobie Sharan , Boycott Kym , Lines Matthew , Snead O. Carter 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMultiple genes/variants have been implicated in various epileptic conditions. However, there is little general guidance available on the circumstances in which genetic testing is indicated and test selection in order to guide optimal test appropriateness and benefit. This is an account of the development of guidelines for genetic testing in epilepsy, which have been developed in Ontario, Canada. The Genetic Testing Advisory Committee was established in Ontario to review the clinical utility and validity of genetic tests and the provision of genetic testing in Ontario. As part of their mandate, the committee also developed recommendations and guidelines for genetic testing in epilepsy. The recommendations include mandatory prerequisites for an epileptology/geneticist/clinical biochemical geneticist consultation, prerequisite diagnostic procedures, circumstances in which genetic testing is indicated and not indicated and guidance for selection of genetic tests, including their general limitations and considerations. These guidelines represent a step toward the development of evidence-based gene panels for epilepsy in Ontario, the repatriation of genetic testing for epilepsy into Ontario molecular genetic laboratories and public funding of genetic tests for epilepsy in Ontario.
Ultrasound-Assisted Lumbar Puncture in a Neuromuscular Clinic has a High Success Rate and Less Pain
Authors: Abraham Alon , Breiner Ari , Katzberg Hans D. , Lovblom Leif E. , Bril Vera 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground:Lumbar puncture (LP) performed with the assistance of ultrasound (US) may improve success rate, with fewer puncture attempts and less pain.Objectives:To explore the utility of US-assisted LP in a neuromuscular clinic.Methods:We performed a prospective, randomized, open-label study between May 2016 and January 2017. The primary outcome measure was LP success rate, and the secondary outcome measures included procedure time, number of attempts, and the levels of pain, anxiety, and satisfaction.Results:Lumbar puncture was performed in 40 consecutive patients. Ultrasound-assisted LP had a 100% success rate, compared with 85% (95% confidence interval: 58%-96%) without US assistance, although this difference failed to reach statistical significance. Ultrasound-assisted LP was associated with less pain and, also in patients >60 years of age, with fewer needle insertions. Both groups reported high satisfaction rates, regardless of the use of US.Conclusion:Ultrasound-assisted LP has a high success rate and less pain than unassisted LP, and can be accomplished easily in the outpatient neuromuscular clinic setting equipped with US.
Unique ergodicity of the horocycle flow on Riemannnian foliations
Authors: ALCALDE CUESTA F. , DAL’BO F. , MARTÍNEZ M. , VERJOVSKY A. 
Published: November 2018

A classic result due to Furstenberg is the strict ergodicity of the horocycle flow for a compact hyperbolic surface. Strict ergodicity is unique ergodicity with respect to a measure of full support, and therefore it implies minimality. The horocycle flow has been previously studied on minimal foliations by hyperbolic surfaces on closed manifolds, where it is known not to be minimal in general. In this paper, we prove that for the special case of Riemannian foliations, strict ergodicity of the horocycle flow still holds. This, in particular, proves that this flow is minimal, which establishes a conjecture proposed by Matsumoto. The main tool is a theorem due to Coudène, which he presented as an alternative proof for the surface case. It applies to two continuous flows defining a measure-preserving action of the affine group of the line on a compact metric space, precisely matching the foliated setting. In addition, we briefly discuss the application of Coudène’s theorem to other kinds of foliations.
Glucose deprivation activates a cAMP-independent protein kinase fromTrypanosoma equiperdum
Authors: Guevara Alberto , Lugo Cristina , Montilla Alejandro J. , Araujo Nelson A. , Calabokis Maritza , Bubis José 
Published: November 2018

AbstractKemptide (sequence: LRRASLG) is a synthetic peptide holding the consensus recognition site for the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). cAMP-independent protein kinases that phosphorylate kemptide were stimulated inTrypanosoma equiperdumfollowing glucose deprivation. An enriched kemptide kinase-containing fraction was isolated from glucose-starved parasites using sedimentation throughout a sucrose gradient, followed by sequential chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sepharose and Sephacryl S-300. The trypanosome protein possesses a molecular mass of 39.07–51.73 kDa, a Stokes radius of 27.4 Ǻ, a sedimentation coefficient of 4.06 S and a globular shape with a frictional ratiof/fo= 1.22–1.25. Optimal enzymatic activity was achieved at 37 °C and pH 8.0, and kinetic studies showedKmvalues for ATP and kemptide of 11.8 ± 4.1 and 24.7 ± 3.8µm, respectively. The parasite enzyme uses ATP and Mg2+and was inhibited by other nucleotides and/or analogues of ATP, such as cAMP, AMP, ADP, GMP, GDP, GTP, CTP,β,γ-imidoadenosine 5′-triphosphate and 5′-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl] adenosine, and by other divalent cations, such as Zn2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Ca2+and Fe2+. Additionally, the trypanosome kinase was inhibited by the PKA-specific heat-stable peptide inhibitor PKI-α. This study is the first biochemical and enzymatic characterization of a protein kinase fromT. equiperdum.
The roles of early-life adversity and rumination in neural response to emotional faces amongst anxious and depressed adults
Authors: Peters Amy T. , Burkhouse Katie L. , Kinney Kerry L. , Luan Phan K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundEarly-life adversity (ELA) is a risk factor for internalizing psychopathology (IP). ELA is also linked to alterations in neural phenotypes of emotion processing and maladaptive emotion regulatory strategies, such as ruminative brooding, in adulthood. We therefore expected that ELA would predict cortical brain activation to emotional faces in transdiagnostic IP and in turn, mediate the extent of rumination amongst patients with IPs and ELA (IP + ELA).MethodOne hundred and thirty-two individuals, including 102 treatment-seeking adults with heterogeneous IPs and 30 healthy controls (HCs) performed an Emotional Face-Matching Task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Whole-brain analyses compared HC (n = 30), IP (n = 52), and IP + ELA (n = 50) neural responses to emotional (angry, fearful, happy, and sad) faces v. shapes, controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms. Parameter estimates of activation were extracted for significant between-group differences and tested as a mediator of ruminative brooding in IP + ELA.ResultsIP + ELA demonstrated increased activation in the superior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex (fear), superior parietal lobule, precuneus, posterior cingulate, and inferior temporal gyrus (fear only), and cuneus (fear and angry). These regions were preferentially correlated with ruminative brooding in IP + ELA, many of which mediated the link between IP + ELA and ruminative brooding.ConclusionsResults provide evidence that ELA history amongst IP patients augments engagement of brain regions involved in emotion processing, above and beyond what is accounted for by current symptoms. Though longitudinal designs are needed, alterations in the neural correlates of maladaptive processing of socio-emotional information may be a common pathway by which ELA poses risk for psychopathology.
Empathy and Testimonial Trust
Authors: Bailey Olivia 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOur collective enthusiasm for empathy reflects a sense that it is deeply valuable. I show that empathy bears a complex and surprisingly problematic relation to another social epistemic phenomenon that we have reason to value, namely testimonial trust. My discussion focuses on empathy with and trust in people who are members of one or more oppressed groups. Empathy for oppressed people can be a powerful tool for engendering a certain form of testimonial trust, because there is a tight connection between empathy and a (limited) approval of another's outlook. I then argue that the qualities of empathy that make it such a powerful tool for bridging differences and building trust also have a problematic upshot: they make it the case that reliance on empathy will sometimes have a distorting effect upon the ways we extend testimonial trust.
Improving understanding of shallow urban groundwater: the Quaternary groundwater system in Glasgow, UK
Authors: Ó Dochartaigh Brighid , Bonsor Helen , Bricker Stephanie 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTAlthough many European cities use urban aquifers for water supply, groundwater from shallow urban aquifers is not widely exploited. Nevertheless, shallow urban groundwater is a key environmental resource – for example, in maintaining healthy urban river flows and attenuating some pollutants – and it can also be a threat, such as through groundwater flooding. However, shallow urban groundwater is frequently overlooked or ineffectively managed, in large part because it is often poorly understood. This paper demonstrates the need to improve understanding of the shallow groundwater system in a city where shallow groundwater is not widely abstracted and, consequently, relatively little groundwater data exist. Like many UK cities, Glasgow is underlain by complex unconsolidated Quaternary deposits, which form a heterogeneous shallow aquifer system that has been extensively impacted by urban activities, typical of a former industrial city. Balancing the potential benefits and risks of shallow groundwater in Glasgow requires a better understanding of Quaternary hydrogeology in order to support the transition to a more sustainable city. This paper presents an improved conceptual model of Glasgow's shallow groundwater system within a sequence of Quaternary deposits in the Clyde valley, drawing heavily on data collected during major site investigations for land development in the city. Postglacial Quaternary sediments in Glasgow form an elongate, variably thick (up to 30m) and variably permeable aquifer system. Aquifer units with high permeability and high storage capacity are partially separated by lower permeability, but still hydrogeologically active, units. Groundwater in the system is hydraulically connected with the River Clyde. Groundwater flow occurs both longitudinally down-valley and convergent from the edge of the valley aquifer towards the river. There has been extensive anthropogenic alteration to the urban surface and shallow subsurface, which has modified the natural physical and chemical groundwater system. Pollution associated with historical industry has also extensively impacted the quality of Quaternary groundwater.
Diet and physical activity in pregnancy and offspring’s cardiovascular health: a systematic review
Authors: van Elten T. M. , Karsten M. D. A. , van Poppel M. N. M. , Geelen A. , Limpens J. , Roseboom T. J. , Gemke R. J. B. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is increasing evidence linking maternal diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy with offspring’s cardiovascular health. Although many studies examined this association, the evidence has not been reviewed systematically. We therefore undertook a systematic review to synthesize evidence examining the association of maternal diet and physical activity before and during pregnancy with offspring’s blood pressure and vascular health. We systematically searched the databases MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception to June 30, 2017. Eligibility screening, data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. A total of 19 articles were included comprising three randomized controlled trials and 16 observational studies. Of the studies that examined the association of interest, 60% (three out of five studies) showed that high maternal carbohydrate intake was associated with higher offspring’s blood pressure. Maternal protein intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with offspring carotid intima-media thickness in two out of two studies. No consistent findings for maternal fatty acid intake were found. There were too few studies to draw conclusions on energy intake, fibre intake, protein/carbohydrate ratio, specific foods, dietary patterns and maternal physical activity. Heterogeneity in exposure and outcome assessment hampered pooling. Also, owing to the observational nature of most studies, causality cannot be established. Harmonization of valid exposure and outcome measurements, and the development of core outcome sets are needed to enable more robust conclusions.
Cyberbullying victimisation and internalising and externalising problems among adolescents: the moderating role of parent–child relationship and child's sex
Authors: Sampasa-Kanyinga H. , Lalande K. , Colman I. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Aims
Previous research has found links between cyberbullying victimisation and internalising and externalising problems among adolescents. However, little is known about the factors that might moderate these relationships. Thus, the present study examined the relationships between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress, suicidality, self-rated poor mental health and substance use among adolescents, and tested whether parent–child relationship and child's sex would moderate these relationships.

Methods
Self-report data on experiences of cyberbullying victimisation, self-rated poor mental health, psychological distress, suicidality and substance use were derived from the 2013 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a province-wide school-based survey of students in grades 7 through 12 aged 11–20 years (N = 5478). Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, subjective socioeconomic status and involvement in physical fighting, bullying victimisation and perpetration at school.

Results
Cyberbullying victimisation was associated with self-rated poor mental health (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.15; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–2.81), psychological distress (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.90–3.06), suicidal ideation (OR 2.38; 95% CI 1.83–3.08) and attempts (OR 2.07; 95% CI 1.27–3.38), smoking tobacco cigarette (OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.45–2.65), cannabis use (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.32–2.51), and binge drinking (OR 1.44; 95% CI 1.03–2.02). The association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress was modified by parent–child relationship and child's sex (three-way interaction term p < 0.05). The association between cyberbullying victimisation and psychological distress was much stronger among boys who have a negative relationship with their parents.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that cyberbullying victimisation is strongly associated with psychological distress in most adolescents with the exception of males who get along well with their parents. Further research using a longitudinal design is necessary to disentangle the interrelationship among child's sex, parent–child relationship, cyberbullying victimisation and mental health outcomes among adolescents in order to improve ongoing mental health prevention efforts.
The Open‐Ocean Side of the Malvinas Current in Argo Floats and 24 Years of Mercator Ocean High‐Resolution (1/12) Physical Reanalysis
Authors: Artana Camila , Lellouche Jean‐Michel , Sennéchael Nathalie , Provost Christine 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDownstream of Drake Passage, the northern branches of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the Polar Front and the Subantarctic Front, veer northward and the latter forms the Malvinas Current (MC). The MC flows along the continental slope up to 38°S where it loops southward as the Malvinas Return Flow. Using 24 years of Mercator Ocean physical reanalysis outputs and Argo float data, we explore the open‐ocean side of the MC. We observe the occurrence of blocking events at 49°S, a region where the MC is exposed to the warm and salty anticyclonic anomalies propagating westward along the steep slope of the Malvinas Escarpment. During these events, the MC is cut off from its source, and the MC transport is considerably reduced at 49°S. The open‐ocean side of the MC is regularly supplied with cold polar waters from the Polar front.The polar waters accumulate and recirculate between the MC and the Malvinas Return Flow. The water characteristics of the recirculation region change over time. The recirculation region hosts significantly lighter and fresher waters during the period 1997–2003 compared with prior and later years. The 1997–2003 salinity minimum in the recirculation region corresponds to a period with reduced feeding events at 49°S.