bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Propranolol pharmacokinetics in infants treated for Infantile Hemangiomas requiring systemic therapy: Modeling and dosing regimen recommendations
Authors: Del Frari Laurence , Léauté‐Labrèze Christine , Guibaud Laurent , Barbarot Sébastien , Lacour Jean‐Philippe , Chaumont Christine , Delarue Alain , Voisard Jean‐Jacques , Brunner Valérie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPropranolol has become the first choice therapy for complicated Infantile Hemangiomas (IH). The pharmacokinetics of propranolol were evaluated after repeated oral administration of a new pediatric solution of propranolol at 3 mg kg−1 day−1 given twice daily (BID) in infants (77‐243 days) with IH. A population model was built to describe the pharmacokinetics of propranolol in infants and to simulate different dosing regimens. One hundred and sixty‐seven plasma concentrations from 22 infants were used in the population analysis. Weight effect was tested on apparent clearance and volume of distribution. Monte‐Carlo simulations were performed for 4 dosing regimens: BID dosing with irregular or strict 12‐hour intervals and 2 different 3 time daily dosing (TID) regimens. The best model was a one‐compartment model with first‐order absorption and elimination rates. The weight affected the clearance but not the volume. Typical oral clearance was estimated at 3.06 L hour−1 kg−1 (95% CI: 1.14‐8.61 L hour−1 kg−1), close to adult clearance data. When regular BID dosing was compared to TID or irregular BID regimens, simulated median Cmin and Cmax were <20% different. To conclude, a model using a weight allometric function on clearance was established and confirmed that the dose in mg/kg should be used without adaptation by range of age in treatment of complicated IH. The simulations support the use of a BID dosing preferably to a TID dosing thanks to close Cmin and Cmax at steady state between both regimen and showed the possibility of irregular BID dosing, allowing early administration in the evening when needed.
Autophagy: The multi‐purpose bridge in viral infections and host cells
Authors: Abdoli Asghar , Alirezaei Mehrdad , Mehrbod Parvaneh , Forouzanfar Faezeh 
Published: April 2018

SummaryAutophagy signaling pathway is involved in cellular homeostasis, developmental processes, cellular stress responses, and immune pathways. The aim of this review is to summarize the relationship between autophagy and viruses. It is not possible to be fully comprehensive, or to provide a complete “overview of all viruses”. In this review, we will focus on the interaction of autophagy and viruses and survey how human viruses exploit multiple steps in the autophagy pathway to help viral propagation and escape immune response. We discuss the role that macroautophagy plays in cells infected with hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, rotavirus gastroenteritis, immune cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus, and viral respiratory tract infections both influenza virus and coronavirus.
Phase‐Engineered Type‐II Multimetal–Selenide Heterostructures toward Low‐Power Consumption, Flexible, Transparent, and Wide‐Spectrum Photoresponse Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Yu‐Ze , Wang Sheng‐Wen , Su Teng‐Yu , Lee Shao‐Hsin , Chen Chia‐Wei , Yang Chen‐Hua , Wang Kuangye , Kuo Hao‐Chung , Chueh Yu‐Lun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPhase‐engineered type‐II metal–selenide heterostructures are demonstrated by directly selenizing indium‐tin oxide to form multimetal selenides in a single step. The utilization of a plasma system to assist the selenization facilitates a low‐temperature process, which results in large‐area films with high uniformity. Compared to single‐metal–selenide‐based photodetectors, the multimetal–selenide photodetectors exhibit obviously improved performance, which can be attributed to the Schottky contact at the interface for tuning the carrier transport, as well as the type‐II heterostructure that is beneficial for the separation of the electron–hole pairs. The multimetal–selenide photodetectors exhibit a response to light over a broad spectrum from UV to visible light with a high responsivity of 0.8 A W−1 and an on/off current ratio of up to 102. Interestingly, all‐transparent photodetectors are successfully produced in this work. Moreover, the possibility of fabricating devices on flexible substrates is also demonstrated with sustainable performance, high strain tolerance, and high durability during bending tests.
Uniform Luminous Perovskite Nanofibers with Color‐Tunability and Improved Stability Prepared by One‐Step Core/Shell Electrospinning
Authors: Tsai Ping‐Chun , Chen Jung‐Yao , Ercan Ender , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Tung Shih‐Huang , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA one‐step core/shell electrospinning technique is exploited to fabricate uniform luminous perovskite‐based nanofibers, wherein the perovskite and the polymer are respectively employed in the core and the outer shell. Such a coaxial electrospinning technique enables the in situ formation of perovskite nanocrystals, exempting the needs of presynthesis of perovskite quantum dots or post‐treatments. It is demonstrated that not only the luminous electrospun nanofibers can possess color‐tunability by simply tuning the perovskite composition, but also the grain size of the formed perovskite nanocrystals is largely affected by the perovskite precursor stoichiometry and the polymer solution concentration. Consequently, the optimized perovskite electrospun nanofiber yields a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 30.9%, significantly surpassing the value of its thin‐film counterpart. Moreover, owing to the hydrophobic characteristic of shell polymer, the prepared perovskite nanofiber is endowed with a high resistance to air and water. Its photoluminescence intensity remains constant while stored under ambient environment with a relative humidity of 85% over a month and retains intensity higher than 50% of its initial intensity while immersed in water for 48 h. More intriguingly, a white light‐emitting perovskite‐based nanofiber is successfully fabricated by pairing the orange light‐emitting compositional perovskite with a blue light‐emitting conjugated polymer.
Dimension‐Based Design of Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds
Authors: Hrynevich Andrei , Elçi Bilge Ş. , Haigh Jodie N. , McMaster Rebecca , Youssef Almoatazbellah , Blum Carina , Blunk Torsten , Hochleitner Gernot , Groll Jürgen , Dalton Paul D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe electrohydrodynamic stabilization of direct‐written fluid jets is explored to design and manufacture tissue engineering scaffolds based on their desired fiber dimensions. It is demonstrated that melt electrowriting can fabricate a full spectrum of various fibers with discrete diameters (2–50 µm) using a single nozzle. This change in fiber diameter is digitally controlled by combining the mass flow rate to the nozzle with collector speed variations without changing the applied voltage. The greatest spectrum of fiber diameters was achieved by the simultaneous alteration of those parameters during printing. The highest placement accuracy could be achieved when maintaining the collector speed slightly above the critical translation speed. This permits the fabrication of medical‐grade poly(ε‐caprolactone) into complex multimodal and multiphasic scaffolds, using a single nozzle in a single print. This ability to control fiber diameter during printing opens new design opportunities for accurate scaffold fabrication for biomedical applications.
Patterned Arrays of Functional Lateral Heterostructures via Sequential Template‐Directed Printing
Authors: Li Yifan , Su Meng , Li Zheng , Huang Zhandong , Li Fengyu , Pan Qi , Ren Wanjie , Hu Xiaotian , Song Yanlin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe precise integration of microscale dots and lines with controllable interfacing connections is highly important for the fabrication of functional devices. To date, the solution‐processible methods are used to fabricate the heterogeneous micropatterns for different materials. However, for increasingly miniaturized and multifunctional devices, it is extremely challenging to engineer the uncertain kinetics of a solution on the microstructures surfaces, resulting in uncontrollable interface connections and poor device performance. Here, a sequential template‐directed printing process is demonstrated for the fabrication of arrayed microdots connected by microwires through the regulation of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability of material solution or suspension. Flexibility in the control of fluidic behaviors can realize precise interface connection between the micropatterns, including the microwires traversing, overlapping or connecting the microdots. Moreover, various morphologies such as circular, rhombic, or star‐shaped microdots as well as straight, broken or curved microwires can be achieved. The lateral heterostructure printed with two different quantum dots displays bright dichromatic photoluminescence. The ammonia gas sensor printed by polyaniline and silver nanoparticles exhibits a rapid response time. This strategy can construct heterostructures in a facile manner by eliminating the uncertainty of the multimaterials interface connection, which will be promising for the development of novel lateral functional devices.
Fluorescence Polarization Control for On–Off Switching of Single Molecules at Cryogenic Temperatures
Authors: Hulleman Christiaan N. , Huisman Maximiliaan , Moerland Robert J. , Grünwald David , Stallinga Sjoerd , Rieger Bernd 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLight microscopy, allowing sub‐diffraction‐limited resolution, has been among the fastest developing techniques at the interface of biology, chemistry, and physics. Intriguingly no theoretical limit exists on how far the underlying measurement uncertainty can be lowered. In particular data fusion of large amounts of images can reduce the measurement error to match the resolution of structural methods like cryo‐electron microscopy. Fluorescence, although reliant on a reporter molecule and therefore not the first choice to obtain ultraresolution structures, brings highly specific labeling of molecules in a large assembly to the table and inherently allows the detection of multiple colors, which enables the interrogation of multiple molecular species at the same time in the same sample. Here, the problems to be solved in the coming years, with the aim of higher resolution, are discussed, and what polarization depletion of fluorescence at cryogenic temperatures can contribute for fluorescence imaging of biological samples, like whole cells, is described.
Electrochemical Confinement Effects for Innovating New Nanopore Sensing Mechanisms
Authors: Ying Yi‐Lun , Gao Rui , Hu Yong‐Xu , Long Yi‐Tao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNanopores employ a confined space for electrochemical sensing of high‐throughput individual biomolecules in solution. Tremendous research efforts over the last two decades have made nanopore techniques become a powerful single‐molecule tool in nanotechnology and biotechnology. The most general mechanism of nanopore sensing is based on a volume‐exclusion effect. However, the increasing demands on revealing the single‐molecule chemistry and biophysics require that nanopores not only provide structural/conformational/sequencing information but also directly read the dynamic functional properties of single molecules. Here, the concept of electrochemical confinement effects in nanopores for developing new sensing mechanisms is proposed and extended. Three examples of electrochemical confinement effects are demonstrated here including the confinement of strong interactions between pore and analyte, the electron‐transfer process, and the subwavelength light inside nanopores. In particular, the latter two effects lead to novel detection mechanisms beyond volume exclusion, which can efficiently convert the dynamic function/structure of single molecules into ionic signatures or optical patterns. These achievements give rise to the possibility of adopting nanopore sensing in a wider range of future applications in both life and material sciences.
GABA tea attenuates cardiac apoptosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) by enhancing PI3K/Akt‐mediated survival pathway and suppressing Bax/Bak dependent apoptotic pathway
Authors: Chen Bih‐Cheng , Hung Meng‐Yu , Wang Hsueh‐Fang , Yeh Li‐Jen , Pandey Sudhir , Chen Ray‐Jade , Chang Ruey‐Lin , Viswanadha Vijaya Padma , Lin Kuan‐Ho , Huang Chih‐Yang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCardiomyocyte apoptosis is the major risk factor for the development of heart failure (HF). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) tea on hypertension‐induced cardiac apoptotic pathways in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In order to reveal the mechanisms, 36 male SHR at eight weeks of age, 200 g were divided into six groups. One group was fed water as a control group. Other rats were administered one of the following treatments: GABA tea at dose 150 and 300 mg/kg/day as low GABA tea (LGT) and high GABA tea (HGT) groups, respectively, pure GABA at dose 150 and 300 mg/kg/day as LG and HG groups, respectively, green tea (GT) as control of LGT and HGT groups. After 12 weeks, cardiac tissues were analyzed by histological analysis, western blotting, and TUNEL assays. GABA tea, GT, and pure GABA decreased hypertension‐induced cardiac abnormalities, including abnormal myocardial architecture. In addition, GABA tea, GT, and pure GABA dramatically increased anti‐apoptotic protein, Bcl2. Furthermore, GABA tea, GT, and pure GABA also decreased activated‐caspase 9 and activated‐caspase 3. Additionally, the survival associated protein IGF‐I and PI3K/Akt were enhanced in cardiac tissues upon treatment. Our results showed an optimistic anti‐apoptotic and pro‐survival effects of GABA tea treatment against hypertensive rat hearts.
Arsenic trioxide induces growth inhibition and death in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells accompanied by mitochondrial increase and GSH depletion
Authors: Park Woo Hyun , Han Bo Ran , Park Hyun Kyung , Kim Sung Zoo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractArsenic trioxide (ATO; As2O3) induces cell death in various cells via oxidative stress. Expose to chronic arsenic is involved in the development of vascular diseases. However, little is known about the cytotoxic effects of ATO on human normal vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Thus, in this study, we investigated the effects of ATO on cell growth and death in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle (HPASM) cells in relation to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. ATO treatment decreased the growth of HPASM cells with an IC50of ∼30–50 μM at 24 h, and ATO induced HPASM cell death via apoptosis or necrosis dependent on the doses of it at this time. Treatment with 50 μM ATO did not increase ROS levels at the early time points, but it significantly increased mitochondriallevels at 24 h. ATO also induced GSH depletion in HPASM cells.N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC; a well‐known antioxidant) did not significantly affect apoptotic cell death, ROS levels, or GSH depletion in ATO‐treated HPASM cells. However,l‐buthionine sulfoximine (BSO; an inhibitor of GSH synthesis) intensified mitochondriallevels in ATO‐treated HPASM cells, and significantly increased cell death and GSH depletion in these cells as well. In summary, we provided the first evidence that ATO inhibited the growth of HPASM cells, and induced apoptotic and/or necrotic cell death in these cells, accompanied by increases in mitochondriallevel and GSH depletion.
Identification and characterization of GRIP domain Golgin PpImh1 from Pichia pastoris
Authors: Jain Bhawik Kumar , Thapa Pankaj Singh , Varma Ashok , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBudding yeast Pichia pastoris has highly advanced secretory pathways resembling mammalian systems, an advantage that makes it a suitable model system to study vesicular trafficking. Golgins are large Golgi‐resident proteins, primarily reported to play role in cargo vesicle capture, but details of such mechanisms are yet to be deciphered. Golgins that localize to the Golgi via their GRIP domain, a C‐terminal Golgi anchoring domain, are known as GRIP domain Golgins. In this present study, we have identified and functionally characterized a homologue of one such GRIP domain Golgin protein, Imh1, from the budding yeast P. pastoris. We have demonstrated that the GRIP domain present at the C‐terminal of P. pastoris Imh1 (PpImh1) functions as its Golgi‐targeting sequence. Using a combination of yeast two‐hybrid analysis, dynamic light scattering and electron microscopy, we have shown that PpImh1 can self‐associate and form a homodimer. Analysis of purified recombinant PpImh1 by CD spectroscopy indicates the presence of an 85% α‐helical structure, a characteristic of high‐content α‐helical coiled‐coil sequences normally present in other Golgin family proteins. Two‐hybrid analysis indicated self‐interaction between C‐terminal fragments, yet N‐terminal fragments do not mediate any such form of self‐interaction, suggesting that PpImh1 may form a parallel dimer. Electron microscopy data indicates that PpImh1 forms extended rod‐like homo‐dimeric molecules with splayed N‐terminal end which can act as a tether for capturing vesicles. Our study provides the first evidence in support of the dimeric Y‐shaped structure for any Golgin in the budding yeast.
Expression of unique chimeric human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV‐16) L1‐L2 proteins in Pichia pastoris and Hansenula polymorpha
Authors: Bredell Helba , Smith Jacques J. , Görgens Johann F. , van Zyl Willem H. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCervical cancer is ranked the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Despite two prophylactic vaccines being commercially available, they are unaffordable for most women in developing countries. We compared the optimized expression of monomers of the unique HPV type 16 L1‐L2 chimeric protein (SAF) in two yeast strains of Pichia pastoris, KM71 (Muts) and GS115 (Mut+), with Hansenula polymorpha NCYC 495 to determine the preferred host in bioreactors. SAF was uniquely created by replacing the h4 helix of the HPV‐16 capsid L1 protein with an L2 peptide. Two different feeding strategies in fed‐batch cultures of P. pastoris Muts were evaluated: a predetermined feed rate vs. feeding based on the oxygen consumption by maintaining constant dissolved oxygen levels (DO stat). All cultures showed a significant increase in biomass when methanol was fed using the DO stat method. In P. pastoris the SAF concentrations were higher in the Muts strains than in the Mut+ strains. However, H. polymorpha produced the highest level of SAF at 132.10 mg L−1 culture while P. pastoris Muts only produced 23.61 mg L−1. H. polymorpha showed greater potential for the expression of HPV‐16 L1/L2 chimeric proteins despite the track record of P. pastoris as a high‐level producer of heterologous proteins.
The Social and Cultural Environment
Authors: Willemsen Marc C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPolicy is not made in a vacuum. Disputes over tobacco control are fought within changing policy environments. This chapter explores key population-level factors that influence a national government’s decision to adopt tobacco control policy measures. These factors include social norms about smoking, the proportion of smokers in the population, societal support for tobacco control, and cultural values. These factors are interrelated in a specific way and to understand this, we will take a short detour into what is sometimes called “system thinking in tobacco control.” Ten years ago, the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) published a monograph on this topic (Best, Clark, Leichow, & Trochim, 2007), which acknowledged the complexity of tobacco control at the national level, involving as it does the interplay of factors over long periods of time, including feedback loops. According to experts from the NCI, a government’s willingness to acknowledge and address the smoking problem follows from its level of awareness that tobacco is a problem, and from the balance of lobbying forces that propose or hold back policy solutions. A government’s awareness of the problems associated with tobacco is further affected by specific population factors that are amenable to change. A country’s smoking rate is one of these: as long as the proportion of smokers is high, the government is more likely to be aware that there is a public health risk that needs to be addressed. Changes in the number of smokers also affect public support for tobacco control, which increases when adult smoking rates go down—a process which was believed to be mediated by social norms. Reduced smoking (people quitting or fewer people starting) shifts the balance between smokers and non-smokers, increasing the level of anti-smoking norms and altering public opinion. There is also evidence for the reverse effect, in that people quit smoking when social norms become less accommodating. Together, these population factors determine the context within which national tobacco control policymaking takes place. I have put the main factors together in a simplistic model, which I have called the flywheel model of tobacco control (Willemsen, 2011).
Scientific Evidence and Policy Learning
Authors: Willemsen Marc C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractScientific evidence plays an important role in the policymaking process. Facts about the seriousness of a problem need to be accepted before a problem will be fully addressed, and evidence needs to be available for policymakers to decide about solutions. The Netherlands is among those countries where an evidence-based public health policy is best developed (CHRODIS, 2015; Smith, 2013, p. 4). When the evidence-based movement in public policy reached its apotheosis in the United Kingdom in 1997, with the new Labour government declaring “what matters is what works” (Davies, Nutley, & Smith, 2000), this was already common in the Netherlands. However, sometimes the call for more evidence may paralyse the policy process. There are also limits to the power of evidence. While a prerequisite for current policymaking in the field of public health is that important policy choices are “evidence based,” in practice this often means that policy is at best “evidence informed” (Slob & Staman, 2012).
The Tobacco Control Coalition
Authors: Willemsen Marc C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTobacco is the main contributor to three groups of disease: cancer, lung disease, and heart disease. Everywhere in the world, health charities fighting these illnesses became natural leaders in the field of tobacco control. The Netherlands is no exception. The Dutch Cancer Society, the Dutch Heart Foundation, and the Lung Foundation Netherlands have been fighting tobacco from the start of the Dutch tobacco control advocacy movement. The Dutch Cancer Society holds the oldest track record in tobacco control advocacy and has the largest financial resources.