bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic drug-resistance as a complex system driven by socio-economic growth and antibiotic misuse
Authors: Malik Bhawna , Bhattacharyya Samit 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOverwhelming antibiotic use poses a serious challenge today to the public-health policymakers worldwide. Many empirical studies pointed out this ever-increasing antibiotic consumption as primary driver of the community-acquired antibiotic drug-resistance, especially in the middle- and lower-income countries. The association is well documented across spatio-temporal gradients in many parts of the world, but there is rarely any study that emphasizes the mechanism of the association, which is important for combating drug-resistance. Formulating a mathematical model of emergence and transmission of drug-resistance, we in this paper, present how amalgamating three components: socio-economic growth, population ecology of infectious disease, and antibiotic misuse can instinctively incite proliferation of resistance in the society. We show that combined impact of economy, infections, and self-medication yield synergistic interactions through feedbacks on each other, presenting the emergence of drug-resistance as a self-reinforcing cycle in the population. Analysis of our model not only determines the threshold of antibiotic use beyond which the emergence of resistance may occur, but also characterizes how fast it develops depending on economic growth, and lack of education and awareness of the population. Our model illustrates that proper and timely government aid in population health can break the self-reinforcing process and reduce the burden of drug-resistance in the community.
Evolutionary dynamics of organised crime and terrorist networks
Authors: Martinez-Vaquero Luis A. , Dolci Valerio , Trianni Vito 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCrime is pervasive into modern societies, although with different levels of diffusion across regions. Its dynamics are dependent on various socio-economic factors that make the overall picture particularly complex. While several theories have been proposed to account for the establishment of criminal behaviour, from a modelling perspective organised crime and terrorist networks received much less attention. In particular, the dynamics of recruitment into such organisations deserve specific considerations, as recruitment is the mechanism that makes crime and terror proliferate. We propose a framework able to model such processes in both organised crime and terrorist networks from an evolutionary game theoretical perspective. By means of a stylised model, we are able to study a variety of different circumstances and factors influencing the growth or decline of criminal organisations and terrorist networks, and observe the convoluted interplay between agents that decide to get associated to illicit groups, criminals that prefer to act on their own, and the rest of the civil society.
Pregnancy outcomes of women with previous caesarean sections: Secondary analysis of World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health
Authors: Kietpeerakool Chumnan , Lumbiganon Pisake , Laopaiboon Malinee , Rattanakanokchai Siwanon , Vogel Joshua P , Gülmezoglu A Metin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSecondary analysis of World Health Organization Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health (WHOMCS) was undertaken among 173,124 multiparous women to assess the association between previous caesarean sections (CS) and pregnancy outcomes. Maternal outcomes included maternal near miss (MNM), maternal death (MD), severe maternal outcomes (SMO), abnormal placentation, and uterine rupture. Neonatal outcomes were stillbirth, early neonatal death, perinatal death, neonatal near miss (NNM), neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission, and preterm birth. Previous CS was associated with increased risks of uterine rupture (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR); 7.74; 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.48, 10.92); morbidly adherent placenta (aOR 2.60; 95% CI 1.98, 3.40), MNM (aOR 1.91; 95% CI 1.59, 2.28), SMO (aOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.52, 2.13), placenta previa (aOR 1.76; 95% CI 1.49, 2.07). For neonatal outcomes, previous CS was associated with increased risks of NICU admission (aOR 1.31; 95% CI 1.23, 1.39), neonatal near miss (aOR 1.19; 95% CI 1.12, 1.26), preterm birth (aOR 1.07; 95% CI 1.01, 1.14), and decreased risk of macerated stillbirth (aOR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67, 0.95). Previous CS was associated with serious morbidity in future pregnancies. However, these findings should be cautiously interpreted due to lacking data on indications of previous CS.
Glomerular expression pattern of long non-coding RNAs in the type 2 diabetes mellitus BTBR mouse model
Authors: Reichelt-Wurm Simone , Wirtz Tobias , Chittka Dominik , Lindenmeyer Maja , Reichelt Robert M. , Beck Sebastian , Politis Panagiotis , Charonis Aristidis , Kretz Markus , Huber Tobias B. , Liu Shuya , Banas Bernhard , Banas Miriam C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and by association diabetic nephropathy (DN) will continuously increase in the next decades. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown and studies on the role of new actors like long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) barely exist. In the present study, the inherently insulin-resistant mouse strain “black and tan, brachyuric” (BTBR) served as T2DM model. While wild-type mice do not exhibit pathological changes, leptin-deficient diabetic animals develop a severe T2DM accompanied by a DN, which closely resembles the human phenotype. We analyzed the glomerular expression of lncRNAs from wild-type and diabetic BTBR mice (four, eight, 16, and 24 weeks) applying the “GeneChip Mouse Whole Transcriptome 1.0 ST” array. This microarray covered more lncRNA gene loci than any other array before. Over the observed time, our data revealed differential expression patterns of 1746 lncRNAs, which markedly differed from mRNAs. We identified protein-coding and non-coding genes, that were not only co-located but also co-expressed, indicating a potentially cis-acting function of these lncRNAs. In vitro-experiments strongly suggested a cell-specific expression of these lncRNA-mRNA-pairs. Additionally, protein-coding genes, being associated with significantly regulated lncRNAs, were enriched in various biological processes and pathways, that were strongly linked to diabetes.
Dissecting the role of the gut microbiota and diet on visceral fat mass accumulation
Authors: Le Roy Caroline I. , Bowyer Ruth C. E. , Castillo-Fernandez Juan E. , Pallister Tess , Menni Cristina , Steves Claire J. , Berry Sarah E. , Spector Tim D. , Bell Jordana T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBoth gut microbiota and diet have been shown to impact visceral fat mass (VFM), a major risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, but their relative contribution has not been well characterised. We aimed to estimate and separate the effect of gut microbiota composition from that of nutrient intake on VFM in 1760 older female twins. Through pairwise association analyses, we identified 93 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and 10 nutrients independently linked to VFM (FDR < 5%). Conditional analyses revealed that the majority (87%) of the 93 VFM-associated OTUs remained significantly associated with VFM irrespective of nutrient intake correction. In contrast, we observed that the effect of fibre, magnesium, biotin and vitamin E on VFM was partially mediated by OTUs. Moreover, we estimated that OTUs were more accurate predictors of VFM than nutrients and accounted for a larger percentage of its variance. Our results suggest that while the role of certain nutrients on VFM appears to depend on gut microbiota composition, specific gut microbes may affect host adiposity regardless of dietary intake. The findings imply that the gut microbiota may have a greater contribution towards shaping host VFM than diet alone. Thus, microbial-based therapy should be prioritised for VFM reduction in overweight and obese subjects.
Engineering multi-layered tissue constructs using acoustic levitation
Authors: Tait Angela , Glynne-Jones Peter , Hill Alison R. , Smart David E. , Blume Cornelia , Hammarstrom Bjorn , Fisher Adam L. , Grossel Martin C. , Swindle Emily J. , Hill Martyn , Davies Donna E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEngineering tissue structures that mimic those found in vivo remains a challenge for modern biology. We demonstrate a new technique for engineering composite structures of cells comprising layers of heterogeneous cell types. An acoustofluidic bioreactor is used to assemble epithelial cells into a sheet-like structure. On transferring these cell sheets to a confluent layer of fibroblasts, the epithelial cells cover the fibroblast surface by collective migration maintaining distinct epithelial and fibroblast cell layers. The collective behaviour of the epithelium is dependent on the formation of cell-cell junctions during levitation and contrasts with the behaviour of mono-dispersed epithelial cells where cell-matrix interactions dominate and hinder formation of discrete cell layers. The multilayered tissue model is shown to form a polarised epithelial barrier and respond to apical challenge. The method is useful for engineering a wide range of layered tissue types and mechanistic studies on collective cell migration.
Human adenovirus species C recombinant virus continuously circulated in China
Authors: Yang Jianfang , Mao Naiying , Zhang Chuangye , Ren Binzhi , Li Hong , Li Na , Chen Jing , Zhang Ruifu , Li Hong , Zhu Zhen , Xu Wenbo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo date, at least three lineages (Lineage 1–3) that are related to recombinant human adenovirus species C (HAdV-C) have been identified in China. Among them, Lineage 1 includes two Chinese strains, strain KR699642-CHN-20093 (CBJ11) and strain MF315029-CHN-2013 (BJ09), which were collected in Beijing in 2009 and 2013, respectively. Herein, we performed genomic and bioinformatics analysis of two HAdV-C strains (strain SX-2000-140 and strain SX-2004-327) that were isolated from the feces of two healthy children in Shanxi province of China in 2000 and 2004, respectively. Results revealed that the genomes of both Shanxi strains had the highest homology to two Chinese HAdV-C strains belonging to Lineage 1 and harbored the genetic elements of these two strains, thereby presuming that Lineage1 has been circulated in mainland of China for decades. In addition, though the viruses in Lineage 1 showed slightly different recombinant patterns resulting from the recombinant events among the five types of HAdV-C, all the Lineage 1 viruses shared the highest sequence similarities with the HAdV-2 prototype strain (NC_001405-USA-1953) across the genome, especially in the major capsid genes including hexon, and fiber. These results indicated that Lineage 1 viruses that were associated with recombinants shared a common ancestor that is closely related to the HAdV-2 virus. Our current findings confirmed that frequent recombination among the different HAdV-C types might be an important driving force for the molecular evolution of HAdV-C. Therefore, there is a strong need for further comprehensive and systematic monitoring, detection, and research on HAdV-C.
Skeletal stability after maxillary step osteotomy compared with original Le Fort I osteotomy during one-year of follow-up
Authors: Kurohara Kazuto , Tomomatsu Nobuyoshi , Nakakuki Koichi , Arai Naoya , Yoda Tetsuya 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe purpose of the current study was to compare the 1-year stability of skeletal after original Le Fort I osteotomy and maxillary step osteotomy. Fifty-two patients with prognathism underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy with either original Le Fort I osteotomy or maxillary step osteotomy (26 patients each). Twelve cephalometric parameters were measured to evaluate postsurgical stability (lesser change was considered as enhanced stability) at 1 month (T1), 6 months (T2), and 1 year (T3) postoperatively. Only 3 parameters—vertical and horizontal distance of menton and vertical distance of point B—showed minimal but significant differences between the two groups. Lesser degrees of changes were observed after maxillary step osteotomy than after original Le Fort I osteotomy, and the differences were significant during the period between T1 and T2, but not from T1 to T3. Differences between the two groups were less in asymmetry cases required correction of the occlusal plane. In conclusion, differences between original Le Fort I osteotomy and maxillary step osteotomy were observed at the frontal points of the mandible; however, they were not clinically significant. It may be suggested that there is no significant difference in skeletal stability at 1 year after the two procedures.
TRPC3-Nox2 axis mediates nutritional deficiency-induced cardiomyocyte atrophy
Authors: Sudi Suhaini Binti , Tanaka Tomohiro , Oda Sayaka , Nishiyama Kazuhiro , Nishimura Akiyuki , Sunggip Caroline , Mangmool Supachoke , Numaga-Tomita Takuro , Nishida Motohiro 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMyocardial atrophy, characterized by the decreases in size and contractility of cardiomyocytes, is caused by severe malnutrition and/or mechanical unloading. Extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), known as a danger signal, is recognized to negatively regulate cell volume. However, it is obscure whether extracellular ATP contributes to cardiomyocyte atrophy. Here, we report that ATP induces atrophy of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) without cell death through P2Y2 receptors. ATP led to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through increased amount of NADPH oxidase (Nox) 2 proteins, due to increased physical interaction between Nox2 and canonical transient receptor potential 3 (TRPC3). This ATP-mediated formation of TRPC3-Nox2 complex was also pathophysiologically involved in nutritional deficiency-induced NRCM atrophy. Strikingly, knockdown of either TRPC3 or Nox2 suppressed nutritional deficiency-induced ATP release, as well as ROS production and NRCM atrophy. Taken together, we propose that TRPC3-Nox2 axis, activated by extracellular ATP, is the key component that mediates nutritional deficiency-induced cardiomyocyte atrophy.
Effect of neurokinin-1-receptor blockage on fracture healing in rats
Authors: Hofman Martijn , Rabenschlag Frederik , Andruszkow Hagen , Andruszkow Julia , Möckel Diana , Lammers Twan , Kolejewska Aneta , Kobbe Philipp , Greven Johannes , Teuben Michel , Poeze Martijn , Hildebrand Frank 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeurologic injury and selective blockage of sensory nerve endings is associated with impaired fracture healing, however, the role of specific neurotransmitters has not been sufficiently investigated. Our aim was to investigate the impact of specific Substance P-receptor blockage on fracture healing, since the neuropeptide Substance P has both neurogenic and osteogenic activity. After intramedullary stabilization, an isolated femur fracture was induced in 72 Sprague-Dawley rats. In the NK1-R group, the neurokinin-1-tachykinin receptor for substance P was blocked by a specific antagonist (SR140333) for the first two weeks after fracture induction. The control group only received vehicle. Gene-expression, histology, micro-computed tomography, and biomechanical tests were performed. NK1-receptor blocking suppressed osteocalcin expression at one week, collagen 1A2 expression at one and two weeks and collagen 2A1 expression at 2 weeks after fracture induction. Biomechanical testing revealed a significant reduction in maximal load to failure in the NK1-R group at 6 weeks (69.78 vs. 155.45 N, p = 0.029) and at 3 months (72.50 vs.176.33 N, p = 0.01) of fracture healing. Blocking the NK1-receptor suppresses gene expression in and reduces biomechanical strength of healing bone. Therefore, we assume a potential therapeutic relevance of Substance P in cases of disturbed fracture healing.
Radiogenomics-based cancer prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Badic Bogdan , Hatt Mathieu , Durand Stephanie , Jossic-Corcos Catherine Le , Simon Brigitte , Visvikis Dimitris , Corcos Laurent 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRadiogenomics aims at investigating the relationship between imaging radiomic features and gene expression alterations. This study addressed the potential prognostic complementary value of contrast enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT) radiomic features and gene expression data in primary colorectal cancers (CRC). Sixty-four patients underwent CT scans and radiomic features were extracted from the delineated tumor volume. Gene expression analysis of a small set of genes, previously identified as relevant for CRC, was conducted on surgical samples from the same tumors. The relationships between radiomic and gene expression data was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Multiple testing was not performed, as this was a pilot study. Cox regression was used to identify variables related to overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). ABCC2 gene expression was correlated with N (p = 0.016) and M stages (p = 0.022). Expression changes of ABCC2, CD166, CDKNV1 and INHBB genes exhibited significant correlations with some radiomic features. OS was associated with Ratio 3D Surface/volume (p = 0.022) and ALDH1A1 expression (p = 0.042), whereas clinical stage (p = 0.004), ABCC2 expression (p = 0.035), and EntropyGLCM_E (p = 0.0031), were prognostic factors for PFS. Combining CE-CT radiomics with gene expression analysis and histopathological examination of primary CRC could provide higher prognostic stratification power, leading to improved patient management.
Optical and polarization properties of nonpolar InGaN-based light-emitting diodes grown on micro-rod templates
Authors: Bai J. , Jiu L. , Poyiatzis N. , Fletcher P. , Gong Y. , Wang T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe have demonstrated non-polar a-plane InGaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on sapphire, achieved by overgrowing on a micro-rod template with substantially improved crystal quality. Photoluminescence measurements show one main emission peak at 418 nm along with another weak peak at 448 nm. Wavelength mapping measurements carried out by using a high spatial-resolution confocal PL system indicate that the two emissions origin from different areas associated with the underlying micro-rod patterns. Electroluminescence measurements exhibit a negligible blue-shift of 1.6 nm in the peak wavelength of the main emission when the driving current increases from 10 to 100 mA, indicating that the quantum confined Stark effect is effectively suppressed in in the nonpolar LED. A polarization ratio of 0.49 is obtained for the low-energy emission (~448 nm), while the main emission (~418 nm) shows a polarization ratio of 0.34. Furthermore, the polarization ratios are independent of injection current, while the energy separation between m-polarized and c-polarized lights increases with the injection current for both emissions.
Quantitative phase imaging in common-path cross-referenced holographic microscopy using double-exposure method
Authors: Běhal Jaromír 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes an optimized implementation of the double-exposure method with emphasis on the uniformity and minimization of the residual phase imperfections in cross-referenced holographic microscopy (CRHM). The quantitative phase images are restored from single-shot cross-referenced holograms, which are separated in the Fourier space and processed to eliminate effects caused by imperfections of the optical path and sample background. CRHM is implemented in a microscope configuration supplemented by a Sagnac interference module providing splitting and shearing of the sample and reference waves. Utilization of the averaging process, which enhances precision of quantitative phase image (QPI) reconstruction, applicable in the methods with a replicated field of view is also presented. The high temporal stability of CRHM is verified in calibration measurements and its application potential demonstrated by a quantitative restoration of the phase resolution target and imaging of biological samples including cheek and sperm cells.
Inhibition of breast cancer cells by targeting E2F-1 gene and expressing IL15 oncolytic adenovirus
Authors: Yan Yang , Xu Hu , Wang Jiandong , Wu Xin , Wen Wei , Liang Yan , Wang Lingdi , Liu Fengyuan , Du Xiaohui 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The wide application of oncolytic adenovirus presents a novel therapeutic strategy for breast cancer gene therapy. Application of adenovirus alone achieves little curative effects on breast cancer. In addition, it is worth exploring the synergistic anti-tumor effect by inserting immunomodulatory factor in oncolytic adenovirus genome. By taking the advantage of the highly proliferative property of breast cancer, a novel recombinant adenovirus which could selectively kill tumor cells is established under an E2F-1 promoter. Also by carrying human Interleukin-15 (IL-15) gene, the oncolytic adenovirus exhibits an immunomodulatory effect. The present study proved that the novel oncolytic virus (SG400-E2F/IL-15) exhibits an enhanced anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo, representing an experimental basis for breast cancer “virus-gene” therapy.
Storing memories: the distinct phases of Polycomb-mediated silencing of Arabidopsis FLC
Authors: Costa Silvia , Dean Caroline 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Polycomb-mediated epigenetic silencing is central to correct growth and development in higher eukaryotes. The evolutionarily conserved Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) transcriptionally silences target genes through a mechanism requiring the histone modification H3K27me3. However, we still do not fully understand what defines Polycomb targets, how their expression state is switched from epigenetically ON to OFF and how silencing is subsequently maintained through many cell divisions. An excellent system in which to dissect the sequence of events underlying an epigenetic switch is the Arabidopsis FLC locus. Exposure to cold temperatures progressively induces a PRC2-dependent switch in an increasing proportion of cells, through a mechanism that is driven by the local chromatin environment. Temporally distinct phases of this silencing mechanism have been identified. First, the locus is transcriptionally silenced in a process involving cold-induced antisense transcripts; second, nucleation at the first exon/intron boundary of a Polycomb complex containing cold-induced accessory proteins induces a metastable epigenetically silenced state; third, a Polycomb complex with a distinct composition spreads across the locus in a process requiring DNA replication to deliver long-term epigenetic silencing. Detailed understanding from this system is likely to provide mechanistic insights important for epigenetic silencing in eukaryotes generally.