bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Housing neighborhoods as an interaction of enclosure and disclosure
Authors: Mangut Burak , Ozsoy Fatma Ahsen 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the interaction of enclosure and disclosure, and analyze the dynamics of this bond. It also investigates the interaction between open spaces and closed spaces in housing areas as fundamental public and private realms of the neighbourhoods to understand the relation between physical and social environments.

Design/methodology/approach
The research aims to grasp the effects of open spaces on the development of the physical and social structures in a community at the intersection of enclosure and disclosure. To display potentials of the relation between these two notions, the behavioural treatments at the intersection of open space and housing units as the basic modules of the pattern, and the effects of spatial organization forms on them are explored. The methodology of the study is formed through the clarification of tangible and intangible facts simultaneously, conducted by spatial and behavioural analysis.

Findings
The intersection of enclosure and disclosure in neighbourhoods receives both practical and academic attention. The zone not only creates appropriate conditions for a vital urban life, but also helps to generate social structure in the neighbourhood. Furthermore, although the modernist settlements are criticized because of urban monotony and lifelessness since the last two and three decades of the twentieth century, it is seen that the situations in which “the spatial organization of housing units” and “the formation of urban pattern of the settlement” were dealt synchronously generate vividness and achievement in an urban context.

Originality/value
The study aims to grasp how the intersection zone is affected by the differences of “urban activities in open spaces as one of the main indicators of vividness” and “spatial organization of dwelling units with a perspective from the other side of the border”. Moreover, to understand the capacity of the intersection zone in physical reality, the research aims to evaluate theoretical data through the actual dynamics of daily life. The combination of various research methods that constituted mostly spatial and behavioural analysis is one of the most robust sides of the research.
Challenges and key factors in planning legacies of mega sporting events
Authors: Azzali Simona 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Since the 1960s, the impact of mega sporting events on the built environment has become increasingly important, and the relationship between hosting cities and events increasingly complex and controversial. The outcomes of these mega-events, however, are very discouraging, especially in terms of the state of sports venues and event sites. In many cases, Olympic parks and event sites stand abandoned once the event is over, and sports facilities are often either closed or underutilized. The purpose of this paper is to identify replicable best practices and successful examples used in mega-events to transform events sites and venues into livable public open spaces (POS), enjoyed by the local communities.

Design/methodology/approach
Three cities were selected for this investigation: London, Sochi and Rio de Janeiro. London hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics, and this study focused particularly on its Olympic park, Queen Elizabeth Park. Sochi hosted the 2014 Winter Olympics but also some of the matches of the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Rio de Janeiro hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics and also a part of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Each case was investigated according to a methodology composed of interviews with experts, site visits, and analysis of the bidding book and post-event reports to check the consistency between promises and legacies.

Findings
The research identified a framework of six major elements that determine, or contrast, the long-term use of events sites and sport facilities, and highlighted some main attributes to consider in order to transform sporting event sites into livable and enjoyable open spaces. It is expected that this framework can be used as a guidance to deliver sustainable events and long-term legacies and to define a strategy for optimization of planning mega sport events.

Practical implications
Mega events provide near-unique, fast track opportunities for urban transformation. This research can be used as guidance for the overall mega sporting events stakeholders, such as the IOC, FIFA, and local organizing committees, to identify replicable best practices and successful examples in the leverage of mega events to transform events sites and venues into livable POS.

Originality/value
Why is it so difficult to transform event sites and sport venues into livable areas of cities? What are the recurrent mistakes, issues, and challenges that hosting cities have to face? This research is unique as it aims at answering these questions by defining a framework of relevant factors for hosting cities to help them in the planning of mega sporting events. The research also highlighted some recurrent mistakes, such as the exorbitant costs of a mega event, the inability to keep the initial budget unchanged and the difficulty to adjust plans to local needs.
Comments on “heat transfer in a square porous cavity in presence of square solid block”
Authors: Rees D.A.S. 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the need to attend correctly to the accuracy and the manner in which the value of the streamfunction is determined when two or more impermeable boundaries are present. This is discussed within the context of the paper by Nandalur et al. (2019), which concerns the effect of a centrally located conducting square block on convection in a square sidewall-heated porous cavity. Detailed solutions are also presented which allow the streamfunction to take the natural value on the surface of the internal block.

Design/methodology/approach
Steady solutions are obtained using finite difference methods. Three different ways in which insulating boundary conditions are implemented are compared. Detailed attention is paid to the iterative convergence of the numerical scheme and to its overall accuracy. Error testing and Richardson’s extrapolation have been used to obtain very precise values of the Nusselt number.

Findings
The assumption that the streamfunction takes a zero value on the boundaries of both the cavity and the embedded block is shown to be incorrect. Application of the continuity-of-pressure requirement shows that the block and the outer boundary take different constant values.

Research limitations/implications
The Darcy–Rayleigh number is restricted to values at or below 200; larger values require a finer grid.

Originality/value
This paper serves as a warning that one cannot assume that the streamfunction will always take a zero value on all impermeable surfaces when two or more are present. A systematic approach to accuracy is described and recommended.
A comparative study of Al2O3 and TiO2 nanofluid flow over a wedge with non-linear thermal radiation
Authors: Sreedevi Paluru , Reddy P. Sudarsana , Sheremet Mikhail 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of chemical reaction and thermal radiation on mixed convection flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics of nanofluid through a wedge occupied with water–TiO2 and water–Al2O3 made nanofluid by considering velocity, temperature and concentration slip conditions in present investigation.

Design/methodology/approach
Using acceptable similarity transformations, the prevailing partial differential equations have been altered into non-linear ordinary differential equations and are demonstrated by the diverse thermophysical parameters. The mathematical model is solved numerically by implementing Galarkin finite element method and the outcomes are shown in tables and graphs.

Findings
The temperature and concentration fields impede as magnetic field parameter improves in both water–Al2O3 and water–TiO2 nanofluid. While there is contradiction in the velocity field as the values of magnetic field parameter rises in both nanofluids. The non-dimensional velocity rate, rate of temperature and rate of concentration rise with improved values of Weissenberg number.

Originality/value
Nanofluid flows past wedge-shaped geometries have gained much consideration because of their extensive range of applications in engineering and science, such as, magnetohydrodynamics, crude oil extraction, heat exchangers, aerodynamics and geothermal systems. Virtually, these types of nanofluid flows happen in ground water pollution, aerodynamics, retrieval of oil, packed bed reactors and geothermal industries.
Numerical study of liquid jet impingement flow and heat transfer of a cone heat sink
Authors: Tang Zhiguo , Li Hai , Zhang Feng , Min Xiaoteng , Cheng Jianping 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the flow and heat transfer characteristics of the jet impingement onto a conical heat sink and evaluate the ability of heat transfer enhancement.

Design/methodology/approach
A numerical study of the flow and heat transfer of liquid impingement on cone heat sinks was conducted, and transition SST turbulence model was validated and adopted. The flow and thermal performances were investigated with the Reynolds number that ranges from 5,000 to 23,000 and cone angle that ranges from 0° to 70° in four regions.

Findings
Local Nusselt numbers are large, and pressure coefficients drop rapidly near the stagnation point. In the conical bottom edge, a secondary inclined jet was observed, thereby introducing a horseshoe vortex that causes drastic fluctuations in the curves of the flow and heat transfer. The average Nusselt numbers are higher in a conical protuberance than in flat plates in most cases, thus indicating that the heat transfer performance of jet impingement can be improved by a cone heat sink. The maximum increase is 13.6 per cent when the cone angle is 60°, and the Reynolds number is 23,000.

Originality/value
The flow and heat transfer behavior at the bottom edge of the cone heat sink is supplemented. The average heat transfer capacity of different heat transfer radii was evaluated, which provided a basis for the study of cone arrays.
Could curiosity save lives? An exploration into the value of employing professional curiosity and partnership work in safeguarding adults under the Care Act 2014
Authors: Thacker Helen , Anka Ann , Penhale Bridget 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the importance of professional curiosity and partnership work in safeguarding adults from serious harm, abuse and neglect.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper draws on a range of materials including: review of published materials in relation to professional curiosity, reports from adult serious case reviews (SCRs) and safeguarding adult reviews (SARs); relevant materials drawn from the SAR Library, thematic reviews of SARs and Google searches; observations from practice and experience. It also refers to the relevant academic literature.

Findings
Lessons from SCRs and SARs show that a lack of professional curiosity and poor coordination of support can lead to poor assessments and intervention measures that can fail to support those at risk of harm and abuse. There are a number of barriers to professionals practicing with curiosity. Working in partnership enhances the likelihood that professional curiosity will flourish.

Practical implications
There are clear implications for improving practice by increasing professional curiosity amongst professionals. The authors argue that there is a scope to improve professional curiosity by utilising and developing existing partnerships, and ultimately to help reduce the number of deaths and incidents of serious harm.

Originality/value
The paper considers the importance of employing professional curiosity and partnership work in safeguarding adults’ practice, so enabling practitioners to better safeguard adults at risk of abuse and neglect.
Explaining the premium to NAV in publicly traded Australian REITs, 2008–2018
Authors: Erol Isil , Tyvimaa Tanja 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the levels and determinants of net asset value (NAV) premiums/discounts for publicly traded Australian Real Estate Investment Trust (A-REIT) market during the last decade. A-REITs were severely affected by the global financial crisis as S&P/ASX 200 A-REIT index-listed property stocks experienced 47 per cent discount to NAV, on average, in 2008–2009 crisis. Since 2013, A-REIT sector has exhibited a strong recovery from the financial crisis and traded at high premiums to date. Understanding the relationship between pricing in the public and private real estate markets has taken on great importance as A-REITs continue to trade at significant premium to NAV unlike their counterparts in the USA and Europe.Design/methodology/approachThis paper follows a rational approach to explain variations in NAV premiums and explores the company-specific factors such as liquidity, financial leverage, size, stock price volatility and portfolio diversification behind the A-REIT NAV premiums/discounts. The study specifies and estimates a model of cross-sectional and time variation in premiums/discounts to NAV using semi-annual data for a sample of 40 A-REITs over the 2008–2018 period.FindingsThe results reveal that A-REIT premiums to NAV can be explained not only by the liquidity benefit of listed property stocks but also positive financial leverage effect. During the past decade, A-REITs have followed an aggressive approach in financing their growth by using borrowed funds to purchase assets as the income from the property offsets the cost of borrowing and the risk that accompanies it. Debt-to-equity ratio has to be considered as an important source of NAV premiums as highly geared A-REITs that favoured debt financing over equity financing traded at significant premiums to NAV of their underlying real estate assets.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for the REIT market investors. The regression analysis shows that specialty A-REITs with a focus on creative market niches traded at higher premiums compared with other property stocks, especially in the post-GFC recovery period. Specialty REITs are more highly valued by the market than their traditional specialised counterparts (e.g. office and retail REITs), and those pursuing a diversified strategy.Originality/valueThis paper presents an Australian case study as the A-REIT market provides a suitable environment for testing the effect of financial gearing on the REIT premium to NAV. The study provides empirical evidence supporting the importance of debt-to-equity ratio in explaining the variation in A-REIT NAV premiums.
Influence of service-entry waiting on customer’s first impression and satisfaction
Authors: Zhang Yu , Shao Bing-Jia 
Published: September 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the influence mechanism of waiting time on customer satisfaction based on first impression bias, which explains how customers’ perceived service-entry waiting time (PSWT) influences their first impression of service staff and satisfaction in the context of online service. Furthermore, the moderating effect of three information formats (formal, informal and hybrid) of opening remark on the relationship between PSWT and first impression, and the moderating effect of perceived in-service waiting time (PIWT) on the relationship between first impression and customer satisfaction are investigated.Design/methodology/approachTwo studies were used to verify the research model. First, an experiment on prepurchase consulting services for cruise tourism products was designed, and 810 Chinese individuals have participated. Second, 20 interviews with e-commerce practitioners in China were conducted.FindingsThe results show that, first, PSWT negatively influences customers’ first impression of service staff. Second, customers prefer the hybrid format to present opening remarks, which not only conveys the respect of the staff but also fosters a relationship. Third, in-service waits are equally as important as service-entry waits in online service. When PIWT is longer, the positive influence of first impression on customer satisfaction is weakening, resulting in lower customer satisfaction.Practical implicationsThis study provides suggestions for online service enterprises to minimize the negative impact of waiting time and improve customer satisfaction through waiting time management.Originality/valueThis study provides a new perspective for exploring the mechanism of waiting time on customer satisfaction in online service context, and extends previous research related to waiting time by exploring the influence of waiting time in multiple service stages and expression modes of service staff.
Relationship between the efficacy of biologics and clinical plaque psoriasis subtypes in Japanese patients: A single‐center pilot study
Authors: Ito Kotaro , Bayaraa Bolortuya , Imafuku Shinichi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlthough biologics for plaque psoriasis brought epoch‐making efficacy, not all patients achieve treatment success with all reagents. The aim of this study was to clarify the correlation between clinical plaque psoriasis subtypes, age at onset, and the efficacy of biologics. Clinical records for patients with plaque psoriasis at Fukuoka University Hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The efficacy of biologics was compared using the survival of the first biologics administered in treatment‐naïve patients. The survival of infliximab, adalimumab, and ustekinumab were followed until December 2016. The patients were clinically classified into three subtypes: small, large, or gigantic plaques using the size of the plaques on the back; early onset psoriasis (EOP, onset <40 years); or late‐onset psoriasis (LOP, ≥40 years). Eighty‐seven patients were enrolled. The survival of biologics was significantly better in large plaques compared with small or gigantic plaques (P = 0.0007). In patients treated with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, large plaques had significantly better survival than did the other types (P = 0.0122), while ustekinumab showed good survival in all three subtypes. The survival of biologics was numerically better in EOP than in LOP, but this was not significant. The efficacy of TNF inhibitors was different among clinical subtypes. Psoriatic patients with small plaques may be less responsive to TNF inhibitors. Further studies are needed.
Ant diversity in Neotropical savannas: Hierarchical processes acting at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Maravalhas Jonas B. , Vasconcelos Heraldo L. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Understanding what creates and maintains macroscale biodiversity gradients is a central focus of ecological and evolutionary research. Spatial patterns in diversity are driven by a hierarchy of factors operating at multiple scales. Historical and climatic factors drive large‐scale patterns of diversity by affecting the size of regional species pools, while habitat heterogeneity or microhabitat characteristics further influence species coexistence at small scales.

We tested the degree to which the species–energy, historical factors, habitat heterogeneity and local environment hypotheses explain observed patterns of ant diversity across hierarchical spatial scales.

We sampled ground‐dwelling ants at 29 sites within a Neotropical savanna region, the Brazilian Cerrado. We measured species density – an abundance‐dependent diversity metric – and rarefied species richness – an abundance‐independent metric – at spatial scales with varying grain sizes. For each hypothesis, two correlates were used to predict ant diversity patterns: (a) species–energy: rainfall and productivity; (b) historical factors: historical variation in rainfall and refugial areas; (c) habitat heterogeneity: heterogeneity in greenness and diversity of land cover; and (d) local factors: contents of sand and coarse fragments in the soil.

Ant diversity patterns correlated to net primary productivity and to the proportion of coarse fragments in the soil, corroborating the species–energy and local environment hypotheses, respectively. Soil negatively influenced species density, but not rarefied species richness, which was positively influenced by productivity. We found scale dependencies in the effects of soil/productivity on species density; productivity best predicted species density patterns at large scales, since sampling completeness offset the abundance‐driven effects of soil.

Considering abundance differences may help to discern the mechanisms underlying the relationship between macroscale diversity patterns and its ecological drivers. Plant productivity affected ant diversity independently of abundance, possibly by limiting the size of regional species pools. On the other hand, soil properties had an abundance‐dependent effect on ant diversity, indicating a sampling mechanism. Our findings are consistent with predictions of the hierarchical theory of diversity. Large‐scale patterns of productivity limit regional diversity, an effect that cascades down to finer spatial scales, where soil properties influence the number of coexisting species.
Evolution alters post‐invasion temporal dynamics in experimental communities
Authors: Faillace Cara A. , Morin Peter J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe causes and consequences of temporal variation in the abundance of organisms constitute central themes in ecological inquiry. Rapid evolution can occur over ecological time‐scales, potentially resulting in altered temporal variation in abundance and complicating inferences about the consequences of temporal variation.We assessed whether evolution altered the temporal variability in species' abundances in simple assemblages of species. We then compared experimental results to predictions from two‐species models to better understand our results in the context of competitive and predator–prey interactions.We compared founder populations and their evolved descendants in experimental communities of ciliates and rotifers. Using a series of orthogonal contrasts, we then evaluated whether: (a) evolutionary history of invaders or (b) residents, (c) co‐evolution among invaders and residents, and (d) invasion itself altered temporal variability in species abundances following invasion by a novel species. Using two‐species competition and predator–prey models, we also generated predictions to better understand the effects of evolution on temporal variation in the abundances of interacting species. Finally, we compared experimental and modelling results to aid in the interpretation of which interspecific interactions might be affected by ongoing evolution in our communities.In experimental populations, differing evolutionary histories resulted in significant differences among treatments in abundances and temporal variation in abundances of both resident and invading species. For the contrasts, we found evidence that evolutionary history of the invader and residents, co‐evolution among invaders and residents, and invasion itself affected temporal variability in abundance, but the importance of each differed for the two communities and the species within those communities. When comparing experimental results to model predictions, the increased abundance and decreased temporal variation in one invader,Euplotes daidaleos, are potentially consistent with evolution resulting in reduced attack rates in the novel community.Evolutionary history alone can affect temporal variation in the abundances of species, generating important consequences for interspecific interactions among species and complicating inferences about the consequences of temporal variability in biological communities.