bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivating the unemployed: A full‐range model of motivational strategies that caseworkers use to activate clients
Authors: Grandia Jolien , La Grouw Yvonne M. , Kruyen Peter M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGovernments use activation policies to stimulate unemployed citizens in finding work. Caseworkers are, as front‐line workers, responsible for concrete activation trajectories based on these activation policies. Little is known about how caseworkers try to get clients to participate in these activation trajectories. In a qualitative, inductive study (consisting of observations and reflective interviews) in two welfare agencies, we identified 10 motivational strategies that caseworkers employed. The full‐range leadership model appeared to be an appropriate perspective to understand, systematize, and reflect on these strategies, in particular as our analyses show that these motivational strategies can be placed on a continuum ranging from laissez‐faire to transactional and transformational strategies. We found that caseworkers matched their motivational strategy to the situation and client but preferred transformational strategies. Our findings implicate chances but also challenges for activation in practice and literature on front‐line workers.
The limit of large mass monopoles
Authors: Fadel Daniel , Oliveira Goncalo 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we consider monopoles on an asymptotically conical, oriented, Riemannian 3‐manifold with one end. The connected components of the moduli space of monopoles in this setting are labeled by an integer called the charge. We analyze the limiting behavior of sequences of monopoles with fixed charge, and whose sequence of Yang–Mills–Higgs energies is unbounded. We prove that the limiting behavior of such monopoles is characterized by energy concentration along a certain set, which we call the blow‐up set. Our work shows that this set is finite, and using a bubbling analysis obtains effective bounds on its cardinality, with such bounds depending solely on the charge of the monopole. Moreover, for such sequences of monopoles there is another naturally associated set, the zero set, which consists of the set at which the zeros of the Higgs fields accumulate. Regarding this, our results show that for such sequences of monopoles, the zero set and the blow‐up set coincide. In particular, proving that in this ‘large mass’ limit, the zero set is a finite set of points.Some of our work extends for sequences of finite mass critical points of the Yang–Mills–Higgs functional for which the Yang–Mills–Higgs energies are as , where are the masses of the configurations.
The Dutch Parelsnoer Institute Cerebrovascular Disease Initiative: a retrospective study of the effects of integrating clinical care and research on costs and quality of care in patients with ischaemic stroke
Authors: Mensing Liselore A , Kappelle Jaap , Buijs Julie E , Luijckx Gert-Jan , Koffijberg Hendrik , Zielhuis Gerhard A , Ruigrok Ynte M 
Published: August 2019

IntroductionThe Dutch Parelsnoer Institute (PSI) is a collaboration between all university medical centres in which clinical data, imaging and biomaterials are prospectively and uniformly collected for research purposes. The PSI has the ambition to integrate data collected in the context of clinical care with data collected primarily for research purposes. We aimed to evaluate the effects of such integrated registration on costs, efficiency and quality of care.MethodsWe retrospectively included patients with cerebral ischaemia of the PSI Cerebrovascular Disease Consortium at two participating centres, one applying an integrated approach on registration of clinical and research data and another with a separate method of registration. We determined the effect of integrated registration on (1) costs and time efficiency using a comparative matched cohort study in 40 patients and (2) quality of the discharge letter in a retrospective cohort study of 400 patients.ResultsA shorter registration time (mean difference of −4.6 min, SD 4.7, p=0.001) and a higher quality score of discharge letters (mean difference of 856 points, SD 40.8, p<0.001) was shown for integrated registration compared with separate registration. Integrated registration of data of 300 patients per year would save around €700 salary costs per year.ConclusionIntegrated registration of clinical and research data in patients with cerebral ischaemia is associated with some decrease in salary costs, while at the same time, increased time efficiency and quality of the discharge letter are accomplished. Thus, we recommend integrated registration of clinical and research data in centres with high-volume registration only, due to the initial investments needed to adopt the registration software.
Influence of obesity on in-hospital and postoperative outcomes of hepatic resection for malignancy: a 10-year retrospective analysis from the US National Inpatient Sample
Authors: He Jiafa , Liu Heping , Deng Li , Wei Xiangling , Chen Taiying , Xia Shangzhou , Liu Yubin 
Published: August 2019

ObjectivesThe influence of obesity on the outcomes of curative liver resection for malignancies remains controversial. We aimed to compare the in-hospital outcomes of liver resection for malignancy between obese and non-obese patients.DesignThis was a population-based, retrospective, observational study using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all-payer US inpatient care database.SettingHospitalisations of adults ≥18 years old with diagnoses of primary hepatobiliary malignancy or secondary malignant neoplasms of liver in the USA were identified from the NIS database between 2005 and 2014.ParticipantsData of 18 398 patients ≥18 years old and underwent liver resection without pancreatic resection in the NIS were extracted. All included subjects had primary hepatobiliary malignancy or secondary malignant neoplasms of the liver. Patients were divided into obese and non-obese groups. These groups were compared with respect to postoperative complications, length of hospital stay and hospital cost according to surgical extent and approach.InterventionsPatients were undergoing lobectomy of liver or partial hepatectomy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary endpoints of this study were postoperative complications, length of hospital stay and hospital cost.ResultsAfter adjustment, obese patients were significantly more likely to experience postoperative complications than were non-obese patients (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.42), regardless of whether lobectomy or partial hepatectomy was performed. Furthermore, obesity was significantly associated with increased risk of postoperative complications in patients who underwent open liver resection, but not laparoscopic resection. No significant difference was observed in length of hospital stay or total hospital costs between obese and non-obese patients.ConclusionsAfter adjustment for preoperative comorbidities and other potential confounders, obesity is significantly associated with greater risk of complications in patients undergoing open liver resection for malignancy, but not laparoscopic resection.
Impact of task-specific training on saccadic eye movement performance
Authors: Montenegro Stephanie M. , Edelman Jay A. 
Published: August 2019

Prosaccades are saccadic eye movements made reflexively in response to the sudden appearance of visual stimuli, whereas antisaccades are saccades that are directed to a location opposite a stimulus. Bibi and Edelman (Bibi R, Edelman JA. J Neurophysiol 102: 3101–3110, 2009) demonstrated that decreases in reaction time resulting from training prosaccades along one spatial axis (horizontal or vertical) could transfer to prosaccades made along the other axis. To help determine whether visual or motor-related processes underlie this facilitation, in the present study we trained participants to make prosaccades and probed their performance (reaction time, error rate) on antisaccade trials and vice versa. Subjects were probed for the effects of training on saccade performance before, during, and after 12 sessions of training. Training on prosaccades improved performance on both pro- and antisaccade tasks. Antisaccade training, with either a classic step task or a gap task, improved performance on gap prosaccades, though by less than it improved antisaccade performance, but had limited effect on an overlap prosaccade task. Across all subjects, training on one task only rarely had an adverse impact on an untrained task. These findings suggest that the predominant effect of saccade training is to facilitate fixation disengagement and motor preparation processes while having little impact on visual input to the saccadic system. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first systematic examination of whether training of prosaccades and antisaccades is task specific or instead transfers to the other saccade type. It finds that training tends to improve performance of all saccade types tested. These behavioral results provide insight into saccade neurophysiology, suggesting that saccade training enhances processes related to motor excitation and inhibition.
High-definition tDCS to the right temporoparietal junction modulates slow-wave resting state power and coherence in healthy adults
Authors: Donaldson Peter H. , Kirkovski Melissa , Yang Joel S. , Bekkali Soukayna , Enticott Peter G. 
Published: August 2019

The right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ) is a multisensory integration hub that is increasingly utilized as a target of stimulation studies exploring its rich functional network roles and potential clinical applications. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is frequently employed in such studies, there is still relatively little known regarding its local and network neurophysiological effects, particularly at important nonmotor sites such as the rTPJ. The current study applied either anodal, cathodal, or sham high-definition tDCS to the rTPJ of 53 healthy participants and used offline EEG to assess the impacts of stimulation on resting state (eyes open and eyes closed) band power and coherence. Temporoparietal and central region delta power was increased after anodal stimulation (the latter trend only), whereas cathodal stimulation increased frontal region delta and theta power. Increased coherence between right and left temporoparietal regions was also observed after anodal stimulation. All significant effects occurred in the eyes open condition. These findings are discussed with reference to domain general and mechanistic theories of rTPJ function. Low-frequency oscillatory activity may exert long-range inhibitory network influences that enable switching between and integration of endogenous/exogenous processing streams.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Through the novel use of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and EEG, we provide evidence that both anodal and cathodal stimulation of the right temporoparietal junction selectively modulate slow-wave power and coherence in distributed network regions of known relevance to proposed temporoparietal junction functionality. These results also provide direct evidence of the ability of tDCS to modulate oscillatory activity at a long-range network level, which may have explanatory power in terms of both neurophysiological and behavioral effects.
Investigating stimulation parameters for preferential small-fiber activation using exponentially rising electrical currents
Authors: Hugosdottir Rosa , Mørch Carsten Dahl , Andersen Ole Kæseler , Arendt-Nielsen Lars 
Published: August 2019

Electrical stimulation is widely used in pain research and profiling, but current technologies lack selectivity toward small sensory fibers. Pin electrodes deliver high current density in upper skin layers, and it has been proposed that slowly rising exponential pulses can elevate large-fiber activation threshold and thereby increase preferential small-fiber activation. Optimal stimulation parameters for the combined pin electrode and exponential pulse stimulation have so far not been established, which is the aim of this study. Perception thresholds were compared between pin and patch electrodes using single 1- to 100-ms exponential and rectangular pulses. Stimulus-response functions were evaluated for both pulse shapes delivered as single pulses and pulse trains of 10 Hz using intensities from 0.1 to 20 times perception threshold. Perception thresholds (mA) decreased when duration was increased for both electrodes with rectangular pulses and the pin electrode with exponential pulses. For the patch electrode, perception thresholds for exponential pulses decreased for durations ≤10 ms but increased for durations ≥15 ms, indicating accommodation of large fibers. Stimulus-response curves for single pulses were similar for the two pulse shapes. For pulse trains, the slope of the curve was higher for rectangular pulses. Maximal large-fiber accommodation to exponential pulses was observed for 100-ms pulses, indicating that 100-ms exponential pulses should be applied for preferential small-fiber activation. Intensity of 10 times perception threshold was sufficient to cause maximal pain ratings. The developed methodology may open new opportunities for using electrical stimulation paradigms for small-fiber stimulation and diagnostics. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Selective activation of small cutaneous nerve fibers is pivotal for investigations of the pain system. The present study demonstrated that patch electrode perception thresholds increase with increased duration of exponential currents from 20 to 100 ms. This is likely caused by large-fiber accommodation, which can be utilized to activate small fibers preferentially through small-diameter pin electrodes. This finding may be utilized in studies of fundamental pain mechanisms and, for example, in small-fiber neuropathy.
Addressing Challenges in Converting Grant-Funded Infrastructures to Broadly Used Research Resources
Authors: Rolland Betsy , Geiger Ann M. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The NCI invests heavily in research resources to serve the research community, including datasets, biospecimen banks, and networks of institutions in which clinical trials and other human subjects research are conducted. These resources often begin as grant-funded infrastructure initiated by scientists based on their own scientific interests, with a subsequent recognition of additional scientific uses. Although converting existing project-specific research activities into research resources may appear efficient in terms of time and financial investment, challenges can arise that undermine this efficiency and jeopardize future use. Here, we describe three challenges in the conversion process: (i) project-based infrastructure versus a research resource for a broader research community; (ii) complexity versus ease of use; and (iii) individual professional goals versus research resource priorities. We use our experience with the NCI-funded Cancer Research Network, particularly the Virtual Data Warehouse, to illustrate each challenge, concluding with strategies to mitigate each one. As studies grow in size and complexity, an ever-increasing volume of data, biospecimens, and human subjects research networks will be available for conversion to resources for scientific questions beyond those originally proposed. Addressing likely challenges thoughtfully can result in a more efficient conversion process and ultimately greater scientific impact.
Inhibition of NR4A1 Promotes ROS Accumulation and IL24-Dependent Growth Arrest in Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Hedrick Erik , Mohankumar Kumaravel , Lacey Alexandra , Safe Stephen 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1, Nur77) is overexpressed in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), and inactivation of NR4A1 (siNR4A1) or treatment with the NR4A1 antagonist 1,1-bis(3′-indoly)-1-(p-hydroxy-phenyl)methane (DIM-C-pPhOH) has antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on RMS cells. However, the mechanism by which NR4A1 inhibition exerts these effects is poorly defined. Here, we report that NR4A1 silencing or inhibition resulted in accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-dependent induction of the tumor suppressor–like cytokine IL24 in RMS cells. Mechanistically, NR4A1 was found to regulate the expression of the proreductant genes thioredoxin domain-containing 5 (TXNDC5) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1), which are downregulated in RMS cells following NR4A1 knockdown or inhibition. Silencing TXNDC5 and IDH1 also induced ROS accumulation and IL24 expression in RMS cells, suggesting that NR4A1 antagonists mediate their antiproliferative and apoptotic effects through modulation of proreductant gene expression. Finally, cotreatment with the antioxidant glutathione or IL24-blocking antibody reversed the effects of NR4A1 inhibition, demonstrating the importance of both ROS and IL24 in mediating the cellular responses.

Implications:
Overall, these data elucidate the mechanism by which NR4A1 inhibition functions to inhibit the proliferation, survival, and migration of RMS cells.
Prospects of Pluralism in Indonesia Gauged from a Legal Anthropological Perspective
Authors: Ramstedt Martin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The essentialist critique of liberal multiculturalism highlights the fact that the latter is inadvertently wedded to a collective cultural identity politics, which has encouraged the reification and rigidification of group identities. Foregrounding difference and preservationist attitudes, such identity politics tend to neglect the development of bridging social capital, and to undermine the emancipatory potential of liberal multicultural societies. In this article, I first seek to substantiate how pluralism in post-Suharto Indonesia has been articulated as liberal multiculturalism through increasing legal accommodation of certain ethnic, as well as conservative Muslim norms and institutions. Analysing how ethnic and religious identities have become more and more rigidly defined in the process, I then gauge the prospects of pluralism in the light of Rainer Forst’s four conceptions of tolerance.
Towards a Cosmopolitan Indonesia
Authors: Antweiler Christoph 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Historically, Indonesia had a colonial experience of pluralist polities where cultures were divided but met in the marketplace. What we find less often in Indonesian history are truly pluralistic polities, that is polities either explicitly valuing diversity or emphasising trans-ethnic commonalities. In current Indonesia, behind cultural diversity issues as such, the more fundamental political issue looms large of how to organise multifaceted cultural diversity socially. I will argue that the answer lies not in playing diversity against unity, nor in emphasising secularism. Rather, my argument is based on cosmopolitan theories and the transdifference approach to cultural plurality and, thus, takes a stand against a mere focus on national and ethnic issues. In order to contribute to discussions about an explicitly diversity-honouring version of Indonesianess in everyday interactions, we can learn from revisiting historical experiences. Indonesia has a deep tradition of fruitful cultural exchanges and un-dogmatic religious syncretism. This is especially developed in Indonesia’s multicultural harbour cities. Based on my experience in Makassar (South Sulawesi) over a period of 30 years, this article provides a glance on a politically marginal but culturally cosmopolitan city, which has also been a centre of Islam since the 17th Century. Its specific form of localised cosmopolitanism might open some avenues for conceiving a pluralistic unity in Indonesia.
Conservative Inclusivity and Hierarchical Diversity
Authors: Hew Wai Weng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
By discussing Chinese Muslim dakwah (proselytisation) activities, as well as examining how Chinese Muslims engage with broader Islamic practices, gain support from various Muslim organisations and interact with various Muslim individuals, this paper examines the possibilities, limitations, and challenges of religious pluralism in Indonesia today. Generally speaking, Chinese Muslims’ dakwah activities reflect the broader trend of religious discourses among Indonesian Muslims—a support for inclusivity and diversity, yet at the same time, an increasing “conservative turn;” and the notion of diversity has been redefined according to a rigid interpretation of Islamic teachings. I propose to understand such dynamics as forms of conservative inclusivity and hierarchical diversity. The challenge of religious pluralism in Indonesia today is less about the rejection of diversity among conservative Muslims, but more about the appropriation of the meaning of diversity and the scale of inclusivity.
Different German Perspectives on Spanish Politics in the 1670s: The Reaction of Vienna and Berlin on the Coup of Juan José de Austria in the Year 1677
Authors: Stolička Ondřej 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The past thirty years has brought an important change into the scholarship of the period of the last Habsburgs on the Spanish throne. Named after the book by Christopher Storrs, the long-term paradigm of the decline of the Spanish monarchy in the last half of the seventeenth century has been reestablished, however, the research of the relationships between the Spanish Habsburgs and Central Europe in the last quarter of the seventeenth century has yet to be to be considered. This study presents a more complex perception of the coup led by Juan José of Austria in the year 1677 and discovers an important perception of the situation from the point of view of the Emperor Leopold I and the Elector of Brandenburg Frederick William. The new Spanish government, as well, enacted shifts in their politics which could endanger their positions, however both accepted the new situation differently.
English News in Papal Rome: Cross-Confessional Information Exchange in Reformation Europe
Authors: Keenan Charles R. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This essay argues that confessional differences had a direct impact on the circulation of news in early modern Europe. By examining how the Roman curia struggled to gather information about England during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, it demonstrates how the Reformation both shaped and limited the information-gathering channels available to the papacy. The article begins by examining the various means by which the curia sought to collect news about English affairs, including via apostolic nuncios, Jesuits, and lay intelligencers, although fears of misinformation and imposters were always present. It then investigates the death of Elizabeth in 1603 as a case study to explore how quickly, and by what means, the Roman curia was able to verify news of a major event in a Protestant land.
Orthodox Missions to the “Ancient Orthodox” Lands in Belarus and the 1839 Uniate Conversion
Authors: Skinner Barbara 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
A little known issue in the history of the conversion of Belarusian Uniates to Orthodoxy, formally completed in 1839, was the conflict between Russian Orthodox bishops who preferred to conduct missions among the Uniate population in Belarus to win personal conversions, incrementally, and the Uniate hierarchy who preferred the vossoedinenie, or general “reunification” en masse of the Uniate parishes. In the end, the Uniate strategy won the support of imperial officials and of Tsar Nicholas I himself, while the Orthodox eparchial representatives were compelled to cease their efforts in order not to impede the greater goal of general vossoedinenie. This issue sheds light on Orthodox priorities and imperial Russian prerogatives for the religious status of the lands of “western Russia,” and it also reveals the strength of the Orthodox and Uniate episcopal personalities involved.