bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Elevated Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations on the Response of Two Common Reed (Phragmites australis) Haplotypes to Glyphosate
Authors: Prince Candice M. , MacDonald Gregory E. , Erickson John E. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractCommon reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.], an aggressive invader in North American wetlands, is likely to undergo a range expansion as the climate changes. Increased atmospheric [CO2] and temperature have been shown to cause morphological and physiological changes in many species, sometimes altering the way they respond to herbicides. To understand how climate-related environmental parameters may impact P. australis management, we grew two P. australis haplotypes (the Gulf Coast type and the Eurasian type) under ambient (400 ppm CO2, 32/21 C) or elevated (650 ppm CO2, 35/24 C) climate conditions. After 6 wk, the Gulf Coast type had reduced leaf area, increased stomatal conductance, and increased transpiration under the elevated conditions. The Eurasian type had lower Vcmax (the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco) and lower Jmax (the maximum electron transport rate of RuBP regeneration) under elevated climate conditions. Results likely reflected a greater impact of higher temperatures rather than increased [CO2]. After the 6-wk period, plants were either treated with glyphosate (0.57 kg ae ha−1) or remained an untreated control. Data were collected 30 d after treatment (DAT) and 60 DAT to evaluate herbicide efficacy. Overall, the Gulf Coast type was less responsive to glyphosate applications under the elevated climate conditions than under current climate conditions. The lower leaf area of the Gulf Coast type in these climate conditions may have resulted in less herbicide interception and uptake. Glyphosate efficacy was less impacted by climate treatment for the Eurasian type than for the Gulf Coast type.
Glacier surges in the north-west West Kunlun Shan inferred from 1972 to 2017 Landsat imagery
Authors: CHUDLEY THOMAS R. , WILLIS IAN C. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe West Kunlun Shan lie close to, or are perhaps part of, two significant glaciological phenomena – the High Mountain Asia surge ‘supercluster’ and the Karakoram Anomaly. However, glaciological studies, and particularly surge studies, in the range are limited. Here, we extend the database of known surges in the region using Landsat imagery and cross-correlation feature tracking. We examine 88 glaciers larger than 1 km2in the Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang, China, and find evidence of nine surges occurring between 1972 and 2017. Glaciers display low active phase velocities (~0.2–1.5 km a−1) that show seasonal acceleration in the summer, active phase periods as short as 2 years, and build-up and deceleration phases of months--years. Although these observations display characteristics indicative of both the classic hydrological and thermal switch mechanisms, the surging observed displays a close resemblance to that in the adjacent Karakoram ranges. Furthermore, the majority of the surges occur clustered at the end of a decadal-scale warming period, corroborating previously proposed causal links between climate and surging in the Karakoram. We suggest that the two regions should be considered part of one larger system when considering surge dynamics in High Mountain Asia.
‘A Day in the Life’: Nation-building the Republic of Ngô Đình Diệm, 26 October 1956, symbolically
Authors: ĐIỂU NGUYỄN THỊ 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMost studies of Vietnam under the Diệm regime conceive it as a stepping stone of American nation-building efforts, citing Diệm's political approach as being influenced by modern, Western, and specifically American democratic concepts and by his associations with American advisers. Such studies assumed that the regime existed within this bubble, isolated from the past and from the society that it aimed to rule and shape. By contrast, this study contends that the regime was more deeply rooted in the enduring Vietnamese pre- and colonial history and in the post-1954 socio-political milieus, the defining components of which were intrinsically woven into the fabric of the Ngô nation. In its early years, the Republic of Vietnam (1955–63), led by the Ngô family and supporters, attempted to define itself as a nation incontestably heir to its pre-colonial past, while being increasingly conditioned by anti-communist and pro-Catholic patrimonialism. The 1956 commemoration of its 26 October National Day, the focus of the present analysis, provides insights into the values that essentially defined the Ngô’s nation—an entity far different from what its American godfathers had envisioned.
Thermal thresholds for seed germination in Mediterranean species are higher in mountain compared with lowland areas
Authors: Picciau Rosangela , Pritchard Hugh W. , Mattana Efisio , Bacchetta Gianluigi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEach taxon is characterized by a temperature range over which seed germination is possible and this may vary in space and time in relation to climate and ecological conditions. We used thermal modelling to test the hypothesis that thermal thresholds for seed germination can predict germination timing of Mediterranean species along an altitudinal and environmental gradient. Seeds of 18 species were collected in Sardinia from sea level to 1810 m above sea level, and germination tests were carried out at a range of constant (5 to 25°C) and alternating (25/10°C) temperatures. Different dormancy-breaking treatments [gibberellic acid (GA3), cold (C) and warm (W) stratifications and dry after ripening (DAR)] were applied. The annual pattern of soil temperatures was recorded using 24 data-loggers buried close to the study species. The logged soil temperatures distinguished ‘Mediterranean lowland’ from ‘Mediterranean mountain’ species. Although germination was >50% in untreated seeds of most species, GA3 had a positive effect in all species. C either inhibited or had a neutral effect on germination, W did not enhanced seed germination, while DAR had a positive effect only in species from coastal environments. The thermal time constant (S) for 50% germination ranged from 22 to 357°Cd (degree days) above base temperatures (Tb) of –9 to 9°C, depending on species and treatments. Mediterranean lowland species had lower Tb values compared with upland species. This study revealed significant differences in germination thresholds of Mediterranean lowland and mountain species in relation to Tb and S that probably have an impact on germination timing in the field and niche competitiveness.
Women Composers at the White House: The National League of American Pen Women and Phyllis Fergus's Advocacy for Women in American Music
Authors: WILSON KIMBER MARIAN 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWomen composers' concerts, arranged by Phyllis Fergus, were held for Eleanor Roosevelt at the White House in 1934 and 1936. They featured music by members of the National League of American Pen Women—an organization for writers, artists, and composers—and were part of a substantial agenda proposed by Fergus, its music director and later president, to achieve national recognition for its composer members. Drawing on Fergus's scrapbooks and documentation in the FDR Library and Pen Women's archives, this article explores the events that Fergus helped to organize, including concerts in Miami, Chautauqua, and Chicago, the latter played by members of the Women's Symphony Orchestra. White House appearances by Amy Beach helped emphasize the League's professional status, and the nationalistic tone of its publicity, urging audiences to “Buy American” during the Depression, worked to distract from age-old assertions of women's lack of creativity. However, the musicales for Roosevelt, who received the composers socially rather than as paid professionals, reinforced women's domestic position, and financial restraints limited most League programming to the genres typically associated with female composers. Despite its separation from a male mainstream, the NLAPW was nonetheless a significant force in promoting women's music in the 1930s.
Development and Evaluation of a Hole-Punch Applicator for Precision Application of Preemergence Herbicides in Plasticulture Production
Authors: Boyd Nathan S. , Schumann Arnold 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPreemergence herbicides are typically applied by broadcasting to the top of raised beds before laying the plastic mulch in plasticulture production systems. Broadleaf and grass emergence is limited to transplant holes in the mulch. As a result, most herbicides are applied under the mulch in locations where weeds cannot emerge and herbicides are unnecessary. To reduce this excessive off-target application, a precision hole-punch sprayer was developed at the University of Florida for use in plasticulture production systems. The technology facilitates the application of herbicides during the hole-punch operation immediately before transplant. Application of napropamide andS-metolachlor in an application volume of 233 L ha−1of water using the precision hole-punch applicator had no effect on tomato and bell pepper growth and yield. Equipment accuracy ranged from 55% to 90%. Preemergence herbicide use was reduced by 88% to 92% with no reduction in weed control. The hole-punch applicator is an effective way to reduce PRE herbicide use in transplant vegetables grown using the plasticulture production system.
Influence of Formulation and Rate on Rice Tolerance to Early-Season Applications of Acetochlor
Authors: Fogleman Michael , Norsworthy Jason K. , Barber Tom , Gbur Edward 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAcetochlor (WSSA Group 15) is a very-long-chain fatty acid–inhibiting herbicide used to control grass weed species in row crops and could potentially be effective when used in a rice herbicide program. A field study was conducted in 2016 and 2017 at four locations to determine the effects of acetochlor formulation and rate on rice tolerance. Overall, rice was more tolerant to the microencapsulated (ME) formulation of acetochlor than to the emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulation, likely because of the potential for immediate absorption of acetochlor from the EC formulation following rainfall. Differences in rainfall among experimental sites and years caused variation in acetochlor activation and influenced crop injury. In all environments, PRE applications of either formulation resulted in the greatest injury at 2 WAT (61%), while injury following delayed PRE (DPRE) or early POST (EPOST) applications averaged 30% and 16%, respectively. When ME acetochlor was applied EPOST, rough rice yield was 97% of nontreated rice or 9,020 kg ha−1, indicating that applications should be delayed until this stage to minimize crop damage and maximize yield.
Vegetation Response to Rising CO2 Impacts Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Lemordant Léo , Gentine Pierre 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExtreme temperatures are responsible for damages to society and ecosystems. There is evidence that severe episodes of extreme heat have been occurring more frequently and more severely in recent periods. Driven primarily by oceanic and atmospheric effects as well as land‐climate feedbacks, those extreme events are expected to increase with climate change. Vegetation, which regulates the energy, water, and carbon cycles, is a key player of land‐atmosphere interactions that has been proven to be determinant in recent extreme events. Using an ensemble of Earth System Models simulations, we show that physiological effects globally increase the annual daily maximum temperature (Txx) with rising [CO2], accounting globally for around 13% of the full Txx trend. Due to physiological effects, Txx can reinforce (e.g., central Europe) or reduce (e.g., central North America) the mean temperature increase.
Predicting Sudden Stratospheric Warming 2018 and Its Climate Impacts With a Multimodel Ensemble
Authors: Karpechko Alexey Yu. , Charlton‐Perez Andrew , Balmaseda Magdalena , Tyrrell Nicholas , Vitart Frederic 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are significant source of enhanced subseasonal predictability, but whether this source is untapped in operational models remains an open question. Here we report on the prediction of the SSW on 12 February 2018, its dynamical precursors, and surface climate impacts by an ensemble of dynamical forecast models. The ensemble forecast from 1 February predicted 3 times increased odds of an SSW compared to climatology, although the lead time for SSW prediction varied among individual models. Errors in the forecast location of a Ural high and underestimated magnitude of upward wave activity flux reduced SSW forecast skill. Although the SSW's downward influence was not well forecasted, the observed northern Eurasia cold anomaly following SSW was predicted, albeit with a weaker magnitude, due to persistent tropospheric anomalies. The ensemble forecast from 8 February predicted the SSW, its subsequent downward influence, and a long‐lasting cold anomaly at the surface.
The Ocean's Skin Layer in the Tropics
Authors: Wurl Oliver , Landing William M. , Mustaffa Nur Ili Hamizah , Ribas‐Ribas Mariana , Witte Carson Riggs , Zappa Christopher J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe provide a large data set on salinity anomalies in the ocean's skin layer together with temperature anomalies and meteorological forcing. We observed an average salinity anomaly of 0.40 ± 0.41 practical salinity unity (n = 23,743), and in 83% of the observations the salinity anomaly was positive; that is, the skin layer was more saline. Temperature anomalies determined by an infrared camera were −0.23 ± 0.28 °C (upper 20‐μm layer in reference to nominal 1‐mm depth) and slightly warmer with −0.19 ± 0.25 °C in an upper 80‐μm layer in reference to 1‐m depth. In 75% of the observations, our data confirmed the presence of a cooler skin layer. Light rain rates (<4 mm/hr) induced an immediate freshening by 0.25 practical salinity unit in the skin layer without any effect in the mixed layer at 1‐m depth. Vertical mixing by strong winds (12 m/s) masked freshening during a heavy rain fall (47 mm/hr) by the intrusion of saltier deeper waters, but a freshening was observed after the wind and rain calmed down. We computed density anomalies, which suggest that denser skin layers can remain afloat up to a density anomaly of 1.3 g/L, likely due to the interfacial tension between the skin layer and underlying bulk water. It implies that salinization by evaporation regulates buoyancy fluxes, a key process for the exchange of climate‐relevant gases and heat between the ocean and atmosphere.
Wildfire and Weather Radar: A Review
Authors: McCarthy Nicholas , Guyot Adrien , Dowdy Andrew , McGowan Hamish 
Published: December 2018

AbstractResearch in the pursuit of better understanding of fire behavior and fire‐atmosphere interaction has frequently encountered a dearth of observational data, especially from events that cause most impact. Here we show that meteorological radar has been demonstrated as an effective tool for profiling the microphysics, thermodynamics, and fire behavior feedback of wildfire plumes, including for cases with deep and moist convection occurring in the fire plume. A synthesis of knowledge on the use of radar for the analysis of wildfire is presented, and the new term pyrometeor is introduced to describe the range of scatterers observed by radar, the reflectivity signature of which is determined by interacting processes of wildfire behavior and atmospheric convection. The reflectivity theories of pyrometeors are compared, and it is shown that there are gaps in knowledge on the size distributions of pyrometeors as well as the complex dielectrics. Observational case studies are compared across plume microphysics, plume thermodynamics and deep pyroconvection, and operational usage of radar to monitor wildfire. The dominant hypothesis of reflectivity is scattering from ash particles, though theories for scattering such as from larger debris exist, although evidence is limited for any hypothesis. Vortices have also been identified using Doppler velocity radar data, but there is limited understanding of their cause and influence on fire‐atmosphere interactions. Recommendations are provided for methods and data sets to advance the application of radar for observing and understanding wildfires, including for plume microphysics and atmosphere‐fire interactions.
A Global Inventory of Ice‐Related Morphological Features on Dwarf Planet Ceres: Implications for the Evolution and Current State of the Cryosphere
Authors: Sizemore H. G. , Schmidt B. E. , Buczkowski D. A. , Sori M. M. , Castillo‐Rogez J. C. , Berman D. C. , Ahrens C. , Chilton H. T. , Hughson K. H. G. , Duarte K. , Otto K. A. , Bland M. T. , Neesemann A. , Scully J. E. C. , Crown D. A. , Mest S. C. , Williams D. A. , Platz T. , Schenk P. , Landis M. E. , Marchi S. , Schorghofer N. , Quick L. C. , Prettyman T. H. , De Sanctis M. C. , Nass A. , Thangjam G. , Nathues A. , Russell C. T. , Raymond C. A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe present a comprehensive global catalog of the geomorphological features with clear or potential relevance to subsurface ice identified during the Dawn spacecraft's primary and first extended missions at Ceres. We define eight broad feature classes and describe analyses supporting their genetic links to subsurface ice. These classes include relaxed craters; central pit craters; large domes; small mounds; lobate landslides and ejecta; pitted materials; depressions and scarps; and fractures, grooves, and channels. Features in all classes are widely distributed on the dwarf planet, consistent with multiple lines of observational evidence that ice is a key component of Ceres' crust. Independent analyses of multiple feature types suggest rheological and compositional layering may be common in the upper ~10 km of the crust. Clustering of features indicates that ice concentration is heterogeneous on nearly all length scales, from ~1 km to hundreds of kilometers. Impacts are likely the key driver of heterogeneity, causing progressive devolatilization of the low latitude and midlatitude crust on billion‐year timescales but also producing localized enhancements in near surface ice content via excavation of deep ice‐rich material and possible facilitation of cryomagmatic and cryovolcanic activity. Impacts and landslides may be the dominant mechanism for ice loss on modern Ceres. Our analysis suggests specific locations where future high‐resolution imaging can be used to probe (1) current volatile loss rates and (2) the history of putative cryomagmatic and cryovolcanic features. The Cerean cryosphere and its unique morphology promise to be a rich subject of ongoing research for years to come.
Clinical Impact and Safety of Anticoagulants for Portal Vein Thrombosis in Cirrhosis
Authors: Pettinari I. , Vukotic R. , Stefanescu H. , Pecorelli A. , Morelli Mc , Grigoras C. , Sparchez Z. , Andreone P. , Piscaglia F. ,   the BO-LIVES (BOlogna LIVEr vascular Studies)
Published: December 2018

Objectives:
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a frequent complication of cirrhosis. Benefit, safety, and duration of anticoagulant treatment in this setting are controversial issues. The aim of this study was to analyze the course of PVT in a large cohort of cirrhotic patients undergoing or not anticoagulation therapy.

Methods:
The data of 182 patients who presented between January 2008 and March 2016 with cirrhosis and PVT with at least 3 months of follow-up after the first PVT detection were analyzed. Eighty-one patients received anticoagulants and 101 were untreated per physician discretion.

Results:
The extension of the thrombosis decreased by >50% in 46 (56.8%, with complete recanalization in 31/46) patients under anticoagulation and in 26 (25.7%) untreated patients. Of the 46 patients who underwent recanalization, 17 (36%) suffered recurrent thrombosis after stopping anticoagulation therapy. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a higher survival rate in the treated group (p = 0.010). At multivariate analysis, anticoagulation was an independent factor associated with longer survival (HR:0.30, CI:0.10–0.91, p = 0.014). The Child–Turcotte–Pugh classes B/C negatively influenced survival (hazard ratio, (HR):3.09, confidence interval (CI):1.14–8.36, p = 0.027 for Child–Turcotte–Pugh B and HR:9.27, CI:2.67–32.23, p < 0.001 for Child–Turcotte–Pugh C). Bleeding complications occurred in 22 (21.8%) untreated and 16 (19.7%) treated patients, but in only four cases was it judged to be related to the anticoagulant treatment. No death was reported as a consequence of the bleeding events.

Conclusions:
Anticoagulant treatment is a safe and effective treatment leading to partial or complete recanalization of the portal venous system in 56.8% of cases, improving the survival of patients with cirrhosis and PVT. Discontinuation of the therapy is associated with a high rate of PVT recurrence.
High contribution of Rhizaria (Radiolaria) to vertical export in the California Current Ecosystem revealed by DNA metabarcoding
Authors: Gutierrez-Rodriguez Andres , Stukel Michael R , Lopes dos Santos Adriana , Biard Tristan , Scharek Renate , Vaulot Daniel , Landry Michael R , Not Fabrice 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Passive sinking of particulate organic matter (POM) is the main mechanism through which the biological pump transports surface primary production to the ocean interior. However, the contribution and variability of different biological sources to vertical export is not fully understood. Here, we use DNA metabarcoding of the 18S rRNA gene and particle interceptor traps (PITs) to characterize the taxonomic composition of particles sinking out of the photic layer in the California Current Ecosystem (CCE), a productive system with high export potential. The PITs included formalin-fixed and ‘live’ traps to investigate eukaryotic communities involved in the export and remineralization of sinking particles. Sequences affiliated with Radiolaria dominated the eukaryotic assemblage in fixed traps (90%), with Dinophyta and Metazoa making minor contributions. The prominence of Radiolaria decreased drastically in live traps, possibly due to selective consumption by copepods, heterotrophic nanoflagellates, and phaeodarians that were heavily enriched in these traps. These patterns were consistent across the water masses surveyed extending from the coast to offshore, despite major differences in productivity and trophic structure of the epipelagic plankton community. Our findings identify Radiolaria as major actors in export fluxes in the CCE.
Mutant p53 as a guardian of the cancer cell
Authors: Mantovani Fiamma , Collavin Licio , Del Sal Giannino 
Published: December 2018

AbstractForty years of research have established that the p53 tumor suppressor provides a major barrier to neoplastic transformation and tumor progression by its unique ability to act as an extremely sensitive collector of stress inputs, and to coordinate a complex framework of diverse effector pathways and processes that protect cellular homeostasis and genome stability. Missense mutations in the TP53 gene are extremely widespread in human cancers and give rise to mutant p53 proteins that lose tumor suppressive activities, and some of which exert trans-dominant repression over the wild-type counterpart. Cancer cells acquire selective advantages by retaining mutant forms of the protein, which radically subvert the nature of the p53 pathway by promoting invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review, we consider available evidence suggesting that mutant p53 proteins can favor cancer cell survival and tumor progression by acting as homeostatic factors that sense and protect cancer cells from transformation-related stress stimuli, including DNA lesions, oxidative and proteotoxic stress, metabolic inbalance, interaction with the tumor microenvironment, and the immune system. These activities of mutant p53 may explain cancer cell addiction to this particular oncogene, and their study may disclose tumor vulnerabilities and synthetic lethalities that could be exploited for hitting tumors bearing missense TP53 mutations.