bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐Designing Case Scenarios and Survey Strategies to Examine the Classification and Reporting of Restrictive Care Practices in Adult Mental Health Inpatient Settings: Perspectives From International Stakeholders
Authors: Belayneh Zelalem , Lee Den‐Ching A. , Haines Terry P. , Aluh Deborah Oyine , Onu Justus Uchenna , Newton‐Howes Giles , Masters Kim , Kohn Yoav , Sin Jacqueline , Goulet Marie‐Hélène , Husum Tonje Lossius , Jelastopulu Eleni , Bakola Maria , Opgenhaffen Tim , Gowda Guru S. , Mekuriaw Birhanie , De Cuyper Kathleen , Muir‐Cochrane Eimear , Canteloupe Yana , Diviney Emer , Staggs Vincent S. , Petrakis Melissa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThere is a global initiative to reduce the use of restrictive care practices in mental health settings. Variations in the reported rates across regions complicate the understanding of their use and tracking trends over time. However, it remains unclear whether these discrepancies reflect real differences in the implementation of these practices or are sourced from inconsistencies in incident classification and reporting methods. This study employed a co‐design approach to identify contexts that would influence the classification and reporting of restrictive care practices. The research involved 29 mental health stakeholders, including 22 professional experts from 13 countries across Europe, Africa, North America, Asia and Australasia and seven service users and family carers from Australia. Recruitment was conducted through email invitations, snowball sampling and social media outreach. Six web‐based panel meetings, each lasting 90–120 minnutes were held. These discussions focused on exploring various contexts that might lead to uncertainty among professionals when classifying and reporting actions whether or not as restrictive care practices. A final list of 23 contexts was identified and considered for the development of 81 case scenario items. Finally, all the 29 panel members selected 44 from 81 case scenarios for inclusion in an upcoming international survey to examine variations in the classification and reporting of restrictive care practices. The findings from this co‐design work emphasise the involvement of a wide range of factors and contexts in the classification and reporting of restrictive care practices that may contribute to the observed variations in the in the reported rates of these practices. The case scenarios developed in this study will support future research and serve educational purposes, illustrating real‐life situations in the mental healthcare context.
A Glimmer of Hope: The Impact of the Recovery College Bern on Personal Recovery, Well‐Being and Self‐Stigmatisation—A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Ambord Nora , Burr Christian , Zuaboni Gianfranco 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRecovery Colleges are mental health education centres co‐produced by experts with lived experience with mental health problems and mental health professionals. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a Recovery College in Switzerland on its students' mental health measured through personal recovery, well‐being and self‐stigmatisation in a mixed methods approach following the MMARS guideline. Three standardised questionnaires ‘Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery’, ‘WHO‐5 Well‐Being Index’ and ‘Self‐Stigma of Mental Illness Scale Short Form’ were completed by 92 participants as part of a pre‐post‐evaluation while two focus groups (n = 10) provided further explanations regarding impacts on the three topics. Statistical analyses include paired sample t‐test or Wilcoxon signed rank tests for pre‐post‐test comparisons as well as Cohen's d to determine effect sizes. For all three questionnaires, significant improvement was shown in the desired direction with low to medium effect sizes. A higher number of courses attended did not result in higher scores in the outcome measurements. The qualitative analysis confirmed these results by providing insights of specific aspects of these positive impacts. These include increased social inclusion, improvement in attitudes towards one's life and identity, increased engagement in hobbies and healthy behaviours, positive impacts on well‐being and decreased self‐stigmatisation. The findings indicate that Recovery Colleges should be made available continuously and further developed also in other regions of Switzerland. Similar projects require continuous evaluation in early development to ensure effectiveness and improve quality.
Gender, social protection systems and street‐level bureaucrats
Authors: Cookson Tara Patricia , Barrantes Alexandra 
Published: December 2024

AbstractStreet‐level bureaucrats are the “human face” of social protection delivery systems around the world. To date, most social protection literature approaches questions of gender with respect to policy and programme design and expected and unexpected outcomes. Mounting interest in gender‐responsive and rights‐based social protection systems, however, additionally begs a focus on the gendered individuals who mediate the relationship between citizens and these systems, representing the State as duty bearer of realizing the right to social protection. Much of the existing work on street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) focuses on their use of discretion in frontline work and how this shapes beneficiary experiences. This article adapts and extends Durose and Lowndes' (2024) framework for understanding gender and SLB discretion: 1) as shaped by the gendered laws, policies and guidance of institutions where SLBs work, 2) as reflective of SLBs as gendered actors, and 3) as having gendered effects on policy beneficiaries. While their framework was developed in a high‐income context and to understand a different sector (policing), these three analytical propositions hold for SLBs in social protection systems. Yet, we suggest that understanding the role of SLBs in social protection systems requires two additional considerations from a human rights perspective: 4) discretion as shaped by the gendered social, political and economic contexts in which SLBs operate and social protection systems exist, and 5) moving beyond discretion, SLBs as rights‐holders themselves, of the right to social security and the right to decent work. The article develops this framework in conversation with scholarship on social protection systems in the broad range of contexts in which they operate. In doing so, the article offers an analytical contribution to the emerging literature on gender‐responsive social protection systems from a “frontline delivery” and human rights perspective, including their relation to Sustainable Development Goals 5 – gender equality – and 1.3 – social protection systems for all.
Enhancing gender‐responsive social protection among informal and traditionally uncovered workers in sub‐Saharan Africa: An assessment of access to maternity protection
Authors: Mokomane Zitha , Grzesik‐Mourad Laurel , Heymann Jody 
Published: December 2024

AbstractA wide and established body of research evidence has consistently shown how the effective provision of social protection benefits and the promotion of gender equality are among the key tools for addressing shocks, vulnerability and poverty. It is largely to this end that these ideals implicitly feature throughout the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda and explicitly in two Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The first is SDG 1 on poverty reduction, target 1.3 of which calls for the implementation of nationally appropriate social protection systems, measures and floors for all. The second is SDG 5, which aims to achieve gender equality and empowerment for all women and girls. Despite this, women across the world continue to receive contributory social security benefits that are notably lower than those of men. There is, therefore, a need for a critical and deeper understanding of policy, legislative and programmatic factors that underlie gender gaps in social protection provision. To contribute to knowledge in this regard, and while not aiming to address the intractable challenge of labour market formalization, this article draws on qualitative data from case studies conducted in 2022 among informal economy and other traditionally unprotected workers in three countries in sub‐Saharan Africa (Mozambique, United Republic of Tanzania, and Togo), the region with the highest proportion of informal workers. The aim was to explore the extent to which these workers, who are predominantly women, have access to the various elements of maternity protection. The results showed the extent to which explicit legislative and policy frameworks as well as knowledge and service context often limit women’s access to maternity protection. The article draws on the key findings to provide strategic recommendations for designing and effectively implementing more gender‐responsive social protection benefits in developing economy contexts.
Gender gaps in perceptions of social protection: Insights from the OECD Risks that Matter Survey
Authors: Frey Valerie , Thomas Jasmin , Alajääskö Lyydia 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReflecting their weaker labour force attachment and lower earnings, women consistently report feeling greater economic insecurity than men across the Member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD). Similar gender gaps emerge in perceptions of social protection systems: women are far less confident than men in their ability to access benefits and services and receive adequate income support when they need it, both in working age and old age. Results from the cross‐national OECD Risks that Matter (RTM) Survey illustrate that, on average, across countries, about half of women feel that they could not easily receive public benefits if they needed them, compared to 43 per cent of men. This perceived inaccessibility likely reflects gender gaps in perceived “hassle costs” associated with social programme applications and the intra‐household allocations of administrative burden, but it also likely reflects women’s lower social security contributions. This article illuminates gender gaps in the design of social programmes and suggests ways by which governments can better mainstream gender when improving the accessibility and adequacy of social protection.
Tranexamic Acid With Acid Suppression Versus Acid Suppression Alone as Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kan Sheau‐Wen , Tan Yen Pin , Tay Ming Zhe , Chi Mei‐Ju 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies have reported the benefits of tranexamic acid (TXA) in controlling bleeding across various conditions. However, the effect of TXA in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains controversial, and its therapeutic impact when combined with acid suppression, particularly proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which are considered first‐line therapy for bleeding peptic ulcers, has not been reported.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar from January 1987 to June 2024 using predefined keywords to identify RCTs meeting our inclusion criteria, including details of TXA dosage, route of administration, and choice of acid suppressants. Data from selected trials were extracted, and a meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects modeling.ResultsSix trials with 709 participants were included. Baseline patient characteristics in the selected trials were balanced. The rebleeding rate, mortality, need for blood transfusion, units of blood transfused, and need for salvage therapy were compared. The TXA with acid suppression group significantly reduced the risk of rebleeding (RR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41–0.96), units of blood transfused (mean difference: −1.08, 95% CI: −1.44 to −0.71), and the need for salvage therapy (RR: 0.28, 95% CI: 0.12–0.64). No significant difference was observed in mortality rate (RR: 0.74) and need for blood transfusion (RR: 1.01) between the two groups, but outcomes favored the TXA and acid suppression group.ConclusionsWe suggest combining TXA with acid suppression as a first‐line therapy for UGIB patients. Further trials should be conducted to determine the optimal dose and route of TXA administration for better care.
Implementing INTERACT in Veterans Health Administration Community Living Centers: A pragmatic randomized trial
Authors: Mor Vincent , Saliba Debra , Intrator Orna , Gutman Roee , Mochel Amy L. , Baumann Margaret (Peg) , Boxer Rebecca , D'Adamo Heather , Gotanda Hiroshi , House Kim W. , Joshi Seema , Sohn Linda , Tayade Arti , Hilliard Kisa A. , Tubbesing Sarah , Phibbs Ciaran S. , Ouslander Joseph G. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundHospital transfers from VA Community Living Centers (CLCs) are common. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of introducing the Intervention to Reduce Acute Care Transfers (INTERACT) program into VA CLCs.MethodsCluster randomized trial involving 16 pair‐matched VA CLCs.InterventionsIntervention CLC nursing staff were trained in the use of INTERACT tools designed to identify early signs of a clinical change in condition and improve communication and documentation. One tool was embedded into the VA Electronic Medical Record. Intervention staff were supported by bi‐weekly calls over 18 months to reinforce INTERACT tool use.MeasurementsThe primary outcome for intent‐to‐treat analyses was the rate of all‐cause hospitalizations per 1000 person days. Secondary outcomes, assessed through structured record reviews and algorithms, were intervention CLCs change in 1) potentially inappropriate transfer decisions and 2) potentially preventable transfers. CLC staff implementation and engagement in INTERACT were documented.ResultsOnly five of the eight intervention CLCs substantially engaged in the intervention. Using a negative‐binomial regression with random effects, adjusting for month, intervention, and the interaction of time and the intervention, we observed no statistically significant difference between intervention and control facilities in all‐cause hospitalizations. This was confirmed with matched resident‐level, as‐treated, analyses among residents in the five engaged CLCs and their matched controls. Structured implicit review of intervention CLC's medical records revealed low rates of inappropriate transfer decisions both before and after the intervention.ConclusionsIntroducing INTERACT into volunteer VA CLCs did not reduce the rates of all‐cause hospitalizations. In both the pre‐ and post‐intervention periods, all‐cause hospitalization rates were relatively higher, and inappropriate transfers lower in VA CLCs than commonly observed in community NHs. Low rates of potentially inappropriate transfers and higher nurse and physician staffing in CLCs may explain why INTERACT was not implemented as fully as planned.
Identification of new salicylic acid signaling regulators for root development and microbiota composition in plants
Authors: Jia Xianqing , Xu Zhuang , Xu Lei , Frene Juan P. , Gonin Mathieu , Wang Long , Yu Jiahong , Castrillo Gabriel , Yi Keke 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBesides playing a crucial role in plant immunity via the nonexpressor of pathogenesis‐related (NPR) proteins, increasing evidence shows that salicylic acid (SA) can also regulate plant root growth. However, the transcriptional regulatory network controlling this SA response in plant roots is still unclear. Here, we found that NPR1 and WRKY45, the central regulators of SA response in rice leaves, control only a reduced sector of the root SA signaling network. We demonstrated that SA attenuates root growth via a novel NPR1/WRKY45‐independent pathway. Furthermore, using regulatory network analysis and mutant characterization, we identified a set of new NPR1/WRKY45‐independent regulators that conservedly modulate the root development and root‐associated microbiota composition in both Oryza sativa (monocot) and Arabidopsis thaliana (dicot) in response to SA. Our results established the SA signaling as a central element regulating plant root functions under ecologically relevant conditions. These results provide new insights to understand how regulatory networks control plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
Positive Coping Style and Family Resilience of Caregivers of COPD Patients: The Chain Mediating Roles of Caregiver Burden and Resilience
Authors: Zhang Nan , Liu Yuan , Yu Xi , Tian Zheng , Liu Yong , Li Yimiao , Liu Xinyi , Zhu Hongyi , Wang Lan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo investigate the association between positive coping style and family resilience, considering the mediating factors of burden and individual resilience within caregivers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.DesignA cross‐sectional survey.MethodsA total of, 204 caregivers of COPD patients were recruited using convenient sampling from April 2023 to May 2024 to investigate general information, family resilience, individual resilience, caregiver burden and positive coping styles on caregivers of COPD patients. Influencing factors were primarily identified using Mann–whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis H test. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between family resilience, positive coping, caregiver burden and resilience. Linear regression was used to analyse the influencing factors of family resilience of caregiver. Structural equation modelling was used to detect the mediating effects of caregiver burden and resilience.Reporting MethodThe STROBE checklist was followed.ResultsThe family resilience of caregivers was positively correlated with positive coping styles and individual resilience, and negatively correlated with caregiver burden. The family resilience of caregivers increased with the improvement positive coping style and individual resilience, and decreased with the increase of caregiver burden. Caregiver burden and resilience played the chain mediating roles between positive coping style and family resilience.ConclusionFamily caregivers of COPD patient with higher education levels also have higher family resilience. Higher positive coping style may lead to higher family resilience of caregivers of COPD patients by reducing caregiver burden and promoting resilience.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThere are individual differences in the level of family resilience of caregivers of COPD patients, and nurses can provide personalised interventions to different family caregivers by understanding their characteristics and needs. Nurses can improve the family resilience of caregivers by guiding them to adopt positive coping styles, reducing burdens and promoting resilience.Patient or Public ContributionThis study was conducted with the participation of caregivers of COPD patients who contributed data by completing study questionnaires.
Sexuality and pregnancy: Beliefs and dysfunctions in pregnant women
Authors: Guermazi Fatma , Ajmi Syrine , Jmaa Maissa Ben , Masmoudi Rim , Zouari Amina , Amamou Badii , Feki Ines , Baâti Imen , Masmoudi Jawaher 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsPregnancy brings out significant physiological, psychological, and sexual changes that may lead to sexual dysfunction. Our study aimed to explore common beliefs about sexuality during pregnancy among pregnant women and to assess sexual dysfunction in this population.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study between March and August 2022, involving pregnant women regardless of their pregnancy term. A self‐administered questionnaire was digitized using Google Forms®, and the Female Sexual Function Index was used to identify the presence of sexual dysfunction.ResultsA total of 34 women with a mean age of 31.56 ± 3.25 years participated in our study. Among the participating women, 29.5% had questions about sexuality during pregnancy, 26.5% sought information from caregivers, and 41.2% received spontaneous information from their doctors. Regarding common beliefs, some pregnant women thought that sexual intercourse could harm the fetus (20.6%) or their own health (17.6%). Sexual dysfunction was found in 70.6%, and no significant associations were found between the presence of sexual dysfunction and the sociodemographic or clinical data related to ongoing pregnancy.ConclusionsThe prevalence of female sexual dysfunction during pregnancy is quite high. Providing accurate information and advice from trained professionals can dispel misconceptions, demystify beliefs about sexuality, and improve the sexual performance of couples during pregnancy.
Management Strategies for Macadamia Branch Dieback in South Africa
Authors: Jami Fahimeh , Morey Liesl 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMacadamia trees are potentially at risk of many diseases especially those caused by latent pathogens. The Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae species are among the most important latent pathogens, with widespread distribution across many climate zones and regions. Due to many recent reports of branch dieback in macadamia trees in South Africa this study aimed to: (i) identify the causal fungal species; (ii) examine the aggressiveness of the species obtained; (iii) evaluate the reaction of macadamia cultivars against the most aggressive species; (iv) evaluate the effectiveness of fungicides on disease development and (v) understand pathogens distribution in nurseries as well as common woody plants surrounding macadamia orchards. The samples were collected from trees showing symptoms in 12 orchards and the obtained isolates were identified by DNA sequence data for the rDNA‐ITS and TEF1‐α loci. Seven Botryosphaeriaceae species (Diplodia eriobotryicola, D. pseudoseriata, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, L. pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, N. kwambonambiense and Pseudofusicoccum olivaceum) and two Diaporthaceae species (Diaporthe ilicicola and Di. macadamiae) were identified. While L. theobromae was the most aggressive species, it produced significantly shorter lesions on the cultivars A4 and Nelmak2 than on Beaumont when their tolerance and susceptibility were evaluated. Out of the 14 commercial tested fungicides in the laboratory, greenhouse and field, five fungicides were confirmed to be effective against L. theobromae. In the survey of pathogen distribution, one species of Diaporthaceae was found to be common between trees in orchards and those in the nursery, while three species of Botryosphaeriaceae were common between trees in orchards and surrounding trees. This study highlights the risks posed by Botryosphaeriaceae and Diaporthaceae species to the macadamia crop. The evaluation of cultivar tolerance and efficacy testing of fungicides provide valuable insights for disease management and mitigation strategies in macadamia orchards, emphasising the need for proactive measures in preserving tree health and productivity.