bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical characterisation of Piper amalago (Piperaceae) essential oil by comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled with rapid‐scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC/qMS) and their antilithiasic activity and acute toxicity
Authors: dos Santos Anaí L. , Novaes Antônio da Silva , Polidoro Allan dos S. , de Barros Márcio Eduardo , Mota Jonas S. , Lima Daiane B.M. , Krause Laiza C. , Cardoso Cláudia A.L. , Jacques Rosângela A. , Caramão Elina B. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionPiper amalago has a distribution from Mexico to Brazil; their aerial parts have been used in folk medicine to treat diuretic and kidney diseases.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to obtain a deeper understanding of the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) extracted from both the leaves and stems of P. amalago, compare them, and evaluate their antilithiasic activity and acute toxicity.MethodologyExtraction was performed by hydrodistillation, whereas chemical characterisation by two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled with rapid‐scanning quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC/qMS). The antilithiasic activity was evaluated by the effect of the EOs on calcium oxalate crystallisation in vitro. The turbidity index and the number of crystals formed were determined and used as an estimative of the activity. In the acute toxicity assay, the effects of a single oral dose of the EOs in Wistar rats were determined. General behaviour, adverse effects, and mortality were determined.ResultsA total of 322 compounds were identified in the EOs. The sesquiterpenes displayed the highest contribution in leaves EOs among which included bicyclogermacrene and δ‐cadinene. Sesquiterpenes and oxygenated sesquiterpenes displayed the highest contribution in EOs from stems, among which included bicyclogermacrene and α‐cadinol. The EOs demonstrated an excellent action on the crystals growth inhibition, and the oral dose tested did not induce significant changes in the parameters for acute toxicity.ConclusionThe oils have a high chemical complexity, and there are differences between their compositions, which could explain the observed differences in antilithiasic activity. The findings support the use of this plant in folk medicine to treat kidney diseases.
One‐pot regioselective and stereoselective terpolymerization of rac‐lactide, CO2 and rac‐propylene oxide with TPPMCl (M = Cr, Co, Al)/PPNCl binary catalyst
Authors: Xie Dong , Yang Zixuan , Wu Lili , Zhang Chaocan , Chisholm Malcolm H 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTetraphenyl porphyrin metal compound (TPPMCl) (where the TPPMCl was TPPCrCl, TPPCoCl, TPPAlCl), in combination with cocatalyst PPNCl (bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride, the molar ratio of TPPMCl to PPNCl was 1:0.5), was used to catalyze the polymerization of racemic lactide (rac‐LA) in racemic propylene oxide (rac‐PO) medium and the terpolymerization of rac‐LA, CO2 and rac‐PO. It was found that these TPPMCl/PPNCl binary catalysts could initiate the stereoselective polymerization of rac‐LA in rac‐PO medium to form enriched isotactic polylactide (PLA) (Pi ≥ 68.0%) and terpolymerization of CO2, rac‐LA, rac‐PO to form PPC‐PLA‐PPO (PPC, poly(propylene carbonate); PPO, poly(propylene oxide)) multiblock copolymer. In particular the PPC‐PLA‐PPO multiblock copolymer thus formed displayed high regioregularity and stereoregularity, and has high head‐to‐tail structure content in the PPC block (H‐T% ≥ 63.6%) and high isotacticity in the PLA block (Pi ≥ 64.0%). The influence of catalyst formula, the monomer feeding ratio, reaction temperature, carbon dioxide pressure and reaction time on the terpolymerization was investigated by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, gel permeation chromatography, DSC and TGA. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrated Multi‐Omic Analyses Support Distinguishing Secretory Carcinoma of the Breast from Basal‐Like Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Jin Min‐Sun , Lee Hyebin , Woo Jongmin , Choi Seongmin , Do Mi Sol , Kim Kwangsoo , Song Min Ji , Kim Youngsoo , Park In Ae , Han Dohyun , Ryu Han Suk 
Published: February 2018

PurposeSecretory carcinoma (SC) of the breast is defined as an indolent tumor but is still categorized into a basal‐like triple‐negative breast cancer (BL‐TNBC) subgroup that generally shows aggressive behavior according to the current classification. Despite the unique clinical behavior of SC, molecular characteristics that reflect biological behaviors of SC remain largely unknown.Experimental designA combinatorial approach of whole‐exome sequencing and mass spectrometry–based in‐depth quantitative proteomics to determine the entire molecular landscape of SC using three SC formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissues is employed.ResultsExome sequencing and proteomic analysis of SC identified 419 unique somatic mutations and 721 differentially expressed proteins as compared with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), respectively. Several pathways related to cancer metabolism were significantly upregulated in the SC group. Comparative analyses with multiple datasets revealed that SC shares genomic mutations and biological pathways more closely related to hormone receptor–positive breast cancer than BL‐TNBC.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese multi‐omic analyses provide evidence that SC harbors substantially different molecular genomic and proteomic landscapes compared with BL‐TNBC. These results provide an entire spectrum of in‐depth molecular landscapes to support the hypothesis that SC is distinct from BL‐TNBC.
Mechanisms of glyphosate resistance and response to alternative herbicide‐based management in populations of the three Conyza species introduced in southern Spain
Authors: Amaro‐Blanco Ignacio , Fernández‐Moreno Pablo Tomás , Osuna‐Ruiz María Dolores , Bastida Fernando , De Prado Rafael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn perennial crops, the most common method of weed control is to spray herbicides, and glyphosate has long been the first choice of farmers. Three species of the genus Conyza are among the most problematic weeds for farmers, exhibiting resistance to glyphosate. The objectives of this study were to evaluate resistance levels and mechanisms, and to test chemical control alternatives in putative resistant (R) populations of Conyza bonariensis, Conyza canadensis and Conyza sumatrensis.RESULTSPlants from the three R populations of Conyza spp. survived high doses of glyphosate compared with plants from susceptible (S) populations. The rate of movement of 14C glyphosate out of treated leaves in plants from S populations was higher than in plants from R populations. Only plants from the R population of C. sumatrensis contained the known target site 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase mutation Pro106‐Thr. Field responses to the different alternative herbicide treatments tested indicated injury and high effectiveness in most cases.CONCLUSIONSThe results indicate that non‐target site resistant (NTSR) mechanisms explain resistance in C. bonariensis and C. canadensis, whereas both NTSR and target site resistant (TSR) mechanisms contribute to resistance in C. sumatrensis. The results obtained in the field trials suggest that the resistance problem can be solved through integrated weed management. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Cytotoxic activity of halogenated sesquiterpenes from Laurencia dendroidea
Authors: Barcellos Marini Maíra , Rodrigues de Freitas William , Lacerda da Silva Machado Fernanda , Correa Ramos Leal Ivana , Ribeiro Soares Angélica , Masahiko Kanashiro Milton , Frazão Muzitano Michelle 
Published: February 2018

Red algae of the genus Laurencia J. V. Lamouroux are found in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world and are an extremely rich source of active secondary metabolites with diverse structural features. In the present study, 6 sesquiterpenes (obtusol, (−)‐elatol, dendoidiol, debrome‐elatol, triquinane, and obtusane) isolated from Laurencia dendroidea were investigated for their cytotoxicity, using 4 cancer cell lines (U937, Jurkat, B16F10, and Colo‐205). Among all sesquiterpenes tested, obtusol and (−)‐elatol showed a promising activity in the treatment of Colo‐205 strain, with IC50 of 1.2 ± 1.4 and 2.5 ± 1.3 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, fluorescence microscopy results indicated that, at 100 μg/ml, obtusol induced apoptosis at 79% and (−)‐elatol at 95%. Activation of Caspases 2, 4, 6, and 8 showed to be involved in (−)‐elatol activity and only Caspase 6 in obtusol activity. These data demonstrated the effective apoptosis‐inducing activity of the sesquiterpene (−)‐elatol and obtusol in the treatment of Colo‐205 strain. Therefore, more studies should be done so that the sesquiterpenes (−)‐elatol and obtusol might become promising chemotherapy.
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its major constituent (curcumin) as nontoxic and safe substances: Review
Authors: Soleimani Vahid , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Hosseinzadeh Hossein 
Published: February 2018

Curcumin is the major constituent of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Turmeric has been widely used as a spice in foods and for therapeutic applications such as anti‐inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, and antimicrobial activities. Turmeric and curcumin are nonmutagenic and nongenotoxic. Oral use of turmeric and curcumin did not have reproductive toxicity in animals at certain doses. Studies on human did not show toxic effects, and curcumin was safe at the dose of 6 g/day orally for 4–7 weeks. However, some adverse effects such as gastrointestinal upsets may occur. Moreover, oral bioavailable formulations of curcumin were safe for human at the dose of 500 mg two times in a day for 30 days, but there are still few trials and more studies are needed specially on nanoformulations and it should be discussed in a separate article. In addition, curcumin is known as a generally recognized as safe substance. This review discusses the safety and toxicity of turmeric and curcumin in medicine. Turmeric and curcumin are nontoxic for human especially in oral administration. Turmeric and curcumin are also safe in animals. They are nonmutagenic and are safe in pregnancy in animals but more studies in human are needed.
Design and Synthesis of p‐n Conversion Indium‐Oxide‐Based Gas Sensor with High Sensitivity to NOx at Room‐Temperature
Authors: Xu Laidi , Zhang Xinci , Wang Cheng , Guo Dechao , Zhou Linan , Pang Qingjiang , Zhang Guo , Wang Shuhong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIndium oxide (In2O3) nanoparticles with internal porous structure were obtained through thermal treatment of the hydrothermally synthesized indium hydroxide (In(OH)3) nanocubes precursor. The structure and morphology of In2O3 were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM). The fresh In2O3 exhibits p‐type conductivity according to gas response testing. However, the fresh In2O3 allowed switchable p‐ to n‐ conductivity after it was induced by high concentration NOx and the induced In2O3 sensor (IIS) exhibited excellent sensing performances in terms of high response, enhanced selectivity and good stability to NOx at room temperature. From the characterization of XPS, it was found that a large amount of oxygen adsorbed on the surface of indium oxide, which led to the n‐p type surface conductivity conversion of In2O3. The formation of adsorbed species of high concentration NOx induced In2O3 transition from p‐ to n‐ type surface conduction was investigated by in situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFT). The present work not only offers a strategy to change the type of electrical conductivity of the material, but also offers an opportunity to deeply understand the mechanism of n‐p‐n type electrical surface conductivity conversion.
Influence of Crystal Growth Conditions on Formation of Macroscopic Inclusions inside Thiourea Crystals
Authors: Yan Shaofeng , Xie Chuang , Zhang Xia , Zhou Ling , Hou Baohong , Huang Jiting , Zhou Lina , Yin Qiuxiang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMacroscopic inclusion is an influential defect which affects purity of crystals during crystallization and remains not fully understood. In this work, we chose thiourea as the model material to investigate inclusion formation in detail. Recrystallization of thiourea were performed in deionized water, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, n‐propanol, and n‐butanol under various temperature and supersaturation via cooling or evaporative modes. A series of plate‐like inclusions could form and be parallel to specific crystal faces. Polar solvent was found to be promotive to the inclusion formation due to the enhancing solute‐solvent interaction. The effect of supersaturation on inclusion formation was found to be complicated. A supersaturation window was found in which increasing supersaturation can stimulate forming inclusions. Under the lower threshold of the window, inclusion can seldom form due to low crystal growth. Beyond the upper threshold, however, inclusion formation also decreased. This supersaturation effect was explained using the “hunger center” mechanism in which the growth rate difference between the corners/edges and the center part of crystal face was considered. Moreover, a 4‐stage process during inclusion formation in batch crystallization was also discussed.
Ni(OH)2‐Fe2O3/CNOs Ternary Nanocomposite Designed as an Anode with Complementary Properties for High‐Performance Li–Ion Battery
Authors: Dwivedi Pravin Kumari , Muniraj Vedi Kuyil Azhagan , Devarapalli Rami Reddy , Shelke Manjusha V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSynthesis of the new ternary hybrid composite with excellent electrochemical performances for Li‐ion battery is demonstrated. The ternary hybrid composite of Ni(OH)2‐Fe2O3/Carbon Nano Onions (NFOC) is synthesized by using two‐step solution phase method delivers a high reversible discharge capacity of 928 mAhg−1 at 50 mAg−1 and 673 mAhg−1 at a higher current density of 1000 mAg−1 with excellent rate performance. Additionally, it shows to have stable cycle life up to 1000 cycles with 96% capacity retention and more than 99% of coulombic efficiency. The synergetic effect between Ni(OH)2, Fe2O3 and carbon nano onions (CNOs) as well as the unique feature of heterostructures are responsible for the improved electrochemical performance of the battery. The reversible reaction of Fe2O3 and Ni(OH)2 with Li, maintains its long cycle life with higher reversible discharge capacity and CNOs improve the efficient electronic transfer, accommodate substantial volume expansion and maintain the structural integrity of the material during lithiation‐delithiation process.
Synthesis and Conformational Studies of Taa‐Containingo‐Nitrobenzenesulfonamide‐ (o‐Nosyl‐) Protected GS Analogs to Prove the Importance of 6RStereochemistry of Taa over 6S
Authors: Singh Gajendra , Azmi Sarfuddin , Ghosh Jimut Kanti , Ampapathi Ravi Sankar , Pal Sudip 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGramicidin S (GS) is long known broad range antibiotic but limited to only topical application clinically due to its adverse hemolytic activity. We are reporting here the synthesis of Gramicidin S analogs where the turn unit D‐Phe‐Pro was replaced by suitably designed C6 substituted Tetrahydrofuran amino acid (Taa) moiety and side chain amine was protected as o‐nitro benzene sulfonamide group (o‐Nosyl). The detailed conformational analyses were also carried out by evaluating the structure activity relationship. Variation in the side chain and modification in the stereocentres of Taa play an important role towards the structure activity relationship in this class of compounds.
Lithium Trapping in Microbatteries Based on Lithium‐ and Cu2O‐Coated Copper Nanorods
Authors: Rehnlund David , Pettersson Jean , Edström Kristina , Nyholm Leif 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMicrobatteries based on three‐dimensional (3D) electrodes composed of thin films of Li and Cu2O coated on Cu nanorod current collectors by electrodeposition and spontaneous oxidation, respectively, are described and characterised electrochemically. High‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR‐SEM) data indicate that the Li electrodeposition resulted in a homogenous coverage of the Cu nanorods and elemental analyses were also used to determine the amount of lithium in the Li‐coated electrodes. The results show that 3D Cu2O/Cu electrodes can be cycled versus 3D Li/Cu electrodes but that the capacity decreased during the cycling due to Li trapping in the Cu current collector of the 3D Li/Cu electrode. These findings highlight the problem of using copper current collectors together with metallic lithium as the formation of a solid solution yields considerable losses of electroactive lithium and hence capacity.
Bioresponsive Microneedles with a Sheath Structure for H2O2 and pH Cascade‐Triggered Insulin Delivery
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Wang Jinqiang , Yu Jicheng , Wen Di , Kahkoska Anna R. , Lu Yue , Zhang Xudong , Buse John B. , Gu Zhen 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSelf‐regulating glucose‐responsive insulin delivery systems have great potential to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life among patients with diabetes. Herein, an H2O2‐labile and positively charged amphiphilic diblock copolymer is synthesized, which is subsequently used to form nano‐sized complex micelles (NCs) with insulin and glucose oxidase of pH‐tunable negative charges. Both NCs are loaded into the crosslinked core of a microneedle array patch for transcutaneous delivery. The microneedle core is additionally coated with a thin sheath structure embedding H2O2‐scavenging enzyme to mitigate the injury of H2O2 toward normal tissues. The resulting microneedle patch can release insulin with rapid responsiveness under hyperglycemic conditions owing to an oxidative and acidic environment because of glucose oxidation, and can therefore effectively regulate blood glucose levels within a normal range on a chemically induced type 1 diabetic mouse model with enhanced biocompatibility.
Human Periodontal Ligament-Derived Stem Cells Promote Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Regeneration After Optic Nerve Injury
Authors: Cen Ling-Ping , Ng Tsz Kin , Liang Jia-Jian , Zhuang Xi , Yao Xiaowu , Yam Gary Hin-Fai , Chen Haoyu , Cheung Herman S. , Zhang Mingzhi , Pang Chi Pui 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Optic neuropathies are the leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment in the developed countries, affecting more than 80 million people worldwide. While most optic neuropathies have no effective treatment, there is intensive research on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) protection and axon regeneration. We previously demonstrated potential of human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) for retinal cell replacement. Here, we report the neuroprotective effect of human PDLSCs to ameliorate RGC degeneration and promote axonal regeneration after optic nerve crush (ONC) injury. Human PDLSCs were intravitreally injected into the vitreous chamber of adult Fischer rats after ONC in vivo as well as cocultured with retinal explants in vitro. Human PDLSCs survived in the vitreous chamber and were maintained on the RGC layer even at 3 weeks after ONC. Immunofluorescence analysis of βIII-tubulin and Gap43 showed that the numbers of surviving RGCs and regenerating axons were significantly increased in the rats with human PDLSC transplantation. In vitro coculture experiments confirmed that PDLSCs enhanced RGC survival and neurite regeneration in retinal explants without inducing inflammatory responses. Direct cell–cell interaction and elevated brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion, but not promoting endogenous progenitor cell regeneration, were the RGC protective mechanisms of human PDLSCs. In summary, our results revealed the neuroprotective role of human PDLSCs by strongly promoting RGC survival and axonal regeneration both in vivo and in vitro, indicating a therapeutic potential for RGC protection against optic neuropathies.
Lake Sturgeon, Lake Whitefish, and Walleye Egg Deposition Patterns with Response to Fish Spawning Substrate Restoration in the St. Clair–Detroit River System
Authors: Fischer Jason L. , Pritt Jeremy J. , Roseman Edward F. , Prichard Carson G. , Craig Jaquelyn M. , Kennedy Gregory W. , Manny Bruce A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEgg deposition and use of restored spawning substrates by lithophilic fishes (e.g., Lake SturgeonAcipenser fulvescens, Lake WhitefishCoregonus clupeaformis, and WalleyeSander vitreus) were assessed throughout the St. Clair–Detroit River system from 2005 to 2016. Bayesian models were used to quantify egg abundance and presence/absence relative to site‐specific variables (e.g., depth, velocity, and artificial spawning reef presence) and temperature to evaluate fish use of restored artificial spawning reefs and assess patterns in egg deposition. Lake Whitefish and Walleye egg abundance, probability of detection, and probability of occupancy were assessed with detection‐adjusted methods; Lake Sturgeon egg abundance and probability of occurrence were assessed using delta‐lognormal methods. The models indicated that the probability of Walleye eggs occupying a site increased with water velocity and that the rate of increase decreased with depth, whereas Lake Whitefish egg occupancy was not correlated with any of the attributes considered. Egg deposition by Lake Whitefish and Walleyes was greater at sites with high water velocities and was lower over artificial spawning reefs. Lake Sturgeon eggs were collected least frequently but were more likely to be collected over artificial spawning reefs and in greater abundances than elsewhere. Detection‐adjusted egg abundances were not greater over artificial spawning reefs, indicating that these projects may not directly benefit spawning Walleyes and Lake Whitefish. However, 98% of the Lake Sturgeon eggs observed were collected over artificial spawning reefs, supporting the hypothesis that the reefs provided spawning sites for Lake Sturgeon and could mitigate historic losses of Lake Sturgeon spawning habitat.
Natural history of neurological abnormalities in cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis
Authors: Wong Janice C. , Walsh Kailey , Hayden Douglas , Eichler Florian S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectivesCerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare inherited neurodegenerative disorder in bile acid synthesis. The natural history of neurological abnormalities in CTX is not well understood. The object of this study was to determine neurological progression in CTX.MethodsA literature search on PubMed for “cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis” yielded 91 publications that reported cases of CTX patients. Two independent reviewers abstracted information about the presence and age of onset of neurological abnormalities in published CTX cases. For each neurological abnormality, we estimated the probability of its onset at any given age using cumulative incidence function analysis. We also present our own case series, in which five CTX patients were evaluated.ResultsThe literature search yielded 194 CTX cases (ages ranging from newborn to 67 years old). The most common neurological abnormalities were corticospinal tract abnormalities including weakness, hyperreflexia, spasticity, Babinski sign (59.8%), ataxia (58.8%), cognitive decline (46.4%), and gait difficulty (38.1%); 68 (35.0%) had baseline cognitive problems. Cumulative incidence function analysis revealed that ataxia, gait difficulties, and corticospinal tract abnormalities developed throughout life, while cognitive decline tended to develop later in life. Of the less common neurological abnormalities, seizures, psychiatric changes and speech changes developed throughout life, while parkinsonism and sensory changes tended to develop later in life. Our case series corroborated this temporal pattern of neurological abnormalities.ConclusionWe provide estimates for the neurological progression of CTX, categorizing neurological abnormalities according to time and probability of development. Our approach may be applicable to other rare disorders.