bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MALTHUS, STATISTICS, AND THE STATE OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE
Authors: FENNELL SHAILAJA 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTReferences to Malthus are increasingly evident in narratives of agricultural trends in development discourse at the end of the twentieth century. This article addresses the long roots of Malthusian thinking in formulating public policy, that can be traced across from Malthus's own ideas and to subsequent construction of neo-Malthusianisms in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It deploys the distinction between two approaches to statistical data collection that emerge in Malthus's own time: an ‘open’ system that collects data to identify trends, and a ‘closed’ system that uses data to prove an existing model. The article uses these distinctions in order to demonstrate opposing tendencies in policy-making in both England and India, with particular reference to Indian agriculture. It shows how radical thinking about data collection as an inductive line of enquiry lost out to a deductive approach that regarded data on Indian agriculture as doomed, because of its ‘unimproved’ condition, and highlights three moments where opposing tendencies were important. The article concludes that this turn in thinking about food, land, and people continues to persist in agricultural policy-making in international development circles into the present.
Victims’ Justice? Reparations and Asset Forfeiture at the Extraordinary African Chambers
Authors: Birkett Daley J 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis article critically analyses the reparations and asset forfeiture framework at the Extraordinary African Chambers and its application in the case against Hissène Habré. It identifies obstacles to implementing the reparations awarded and calls for states and international organizations to support their realization for the sake of Habré’s victims, without whose efforts the tribunal might not exist. It argues that international(ized) criminal tribunals should more readily utilize fines and forfeiture as penalties to alleviate the pressure on trust funds to implement reparations awards, particularly in cases where convicted persons possess substantial assets. Lastly, in light of the requirement that assets susceptible to forfeiture orders be derived directly or indirectly from the crime(s) of which a person is found guilty, the article questions the failure of the prosecutor to charge Habré with the war crime of pillage, despite its availability in the tribunal's statute and the finding that the suffering of many of Habré’s victims entitled to individual compensation resulted from pillage.
Inequalities in the utilization of maternal health care in the pre- and post-National Health Mission periods in India
Authors: Ali Balhasan , Dhillon Preeti , Mohanty Sanjay K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSince the implementation of the National Health Mission (NHM) in India there has been a noticeable improvement in the utilization of maternal care, namely antenatal care (ANC), skilled birth attendants (SBA) and postnatal care (PNC) in the country. The increase in utilization of these services is expected to reduce inequality across geographies and population sub-groups, but little is known about the extent of inequality in maternal care use across socioeconomic groups over time. Using data from the last two rounds of National Family Health Surveys conducted in 2005–06 and 2015–16, this study examined the extent of inequality in utilization of full ANC, SBA and PNC in India and its states. Descriptive statistics were used, a concentration index was computed and decomposition analyses performed to understand the pattern and change of inequality in use of maternal care. The results suggest that the gap in maternal care utilization across socioeconomic groups has reduced over time. The concentration index for SBA showed a decline from 0.49 in 2005–06 to 0.08 by 2015–16, while that of PNC declined from 0.36 to 0.13 over the same period. The reduction in inequality in utilization of full PNC was the least. The results of the decomposition analysis revealed that urban residence, education and belonging to Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes positively contributed to the inequality. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the Janani Suraksha Yojana and Janani Sishu Suraksha Karyakaram schemes be continued and strengthened for poor mothers to reduce maternal health inequality, particularly in full ANC and PNC.
Stature and education among Roma women: taller stature is associated with better educational and economic outcomes
Authors: Čvorović Jelena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe association between body height and educational outcome, as measured by years of completed schooling, was investigated among Roma women in Serbia in 2014–2018. Height, demographic data, level of schooling and reproductive histories were collected from 691 Roma women aged between 16 and 80 years living in rural settlements in central and western Serbia. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that short stature was associated with an increased risk of low education, possibly as a result of poor growth and developmental disadvantage in early life. Roma cultural practices were also shown to influence the school achievement of these Roma girls: in addition to height, education was positively associated with a higher bride price and better socioeconomic status, as acquired through marriage. For Roma women, height might influence not only their level of education but also their lifetime prospects.
Checklist of marine mammal parasites in New Zealand and Australian waters
Authors: Lehnert K. , Poulin R. , Presswell B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMarine mammals are long-lived top predators with vagile lifestyles, which often inhabit remote environments. This is especially relevant in the oceanic waters around New Zealand and Australia where cetaceans and pinnipeds are considered as vulnerable and often endangered due to anthropogenic impacts on their habitat. Parasitism is ubiquitous in wildlife, and prevalence of parasitic infections as well as emerging diseases can be valuable bioindicators of the ecology and health of marine mammals. Collecting information about parasite diversity in marine mammals will provide a crucial baseline for assessing their impact on host and ecosystem ecology. New studies on marine mammals in New Zealand and Australian waters have recently added to our knowledge of parasite prevalence, life cycles and taxonomic relationships in the Australasian region, and justify a first host–parasite checklist encompassing all available data. The present checklist comprises 36 species of marine mammals, and 114 species of parasites (helminths, arthropods and protozoans). Mammal species occurring in New Zealand and Australian waters but not included in the checklist represent gaps in our knowledge. The checklist thus serves both as a guide for what information is lacking, as well as a practical resource for scientists working on the ecology and conservation of marine mammals.
Melatonin deficiency at tissue level: a possible aetiological factor in nasal polyposis
Authors: Senturk E , Yildirim Y S , Ozturan O , Tekkeli S E K , Kiziltaş M V 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine whether melatonin is involved in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.MethodThis study included 29 patients with nasal polyposis and undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery. As a control group, 26 patients who had been operated on for a deviated nasal septum and concha bullosa were enrolled. Samples were taken from the nasal polyp tissue and from the resected middle concha bullosa mucosa of the control group. Serum samples were taken from all patients.ResultsIt was found that the tissue and serum melatonin levels in the nasal polyp group were significantly lower compared with the tissue and serum melatonin levels in the control group.ConclusionIn nasal polyposis, the melatonin level in the serum and tissue is lower than in individuals without polyposis. This deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis.
Community structure of Harpacticoida and Canuelloida (Crustacea, Copepoda) on the Great Meteor Seamount (North-east Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Richter Karin , George Kai Horst 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDuring the expedition POS397 ‘GroMet’ in 2010 the sediments of the Great Meteor Seamount (GMS) plateau were sampled quantitatively for the first time, allowing statistical analysis of the community structure of Harpacticoida and Canuelloida. Analysis of similarity revealed no differences between three geographic regions at family/species level. Analysis of diversity indicated slightly greater diversity in the south, with more species belonging to more genera/families. Dispersal opportunities possibly occurring at the plateau (emergence, erosion, rafting) are discussed. Of 18 investigated families 106 species were identified, but only 5.66% were already scientifically known and widely distributed. Within the investigated families, 37.74% of the species belonged to shallow-water genera, leading to the conclusion that the plateau was once connected to shallow-water habitats, perhaps functioning as a stepping stone, but is now geographically isolated. This isolation is most likely due to seafloor spreading of the Atlantic Ocean and descending of the GMS. On the plateau, six species with wider distribution ranges were present, indicating that species may arrive accidentally, but their means of settlement remains unknown. Comparisons of the identified GMS plateau fauna with that of other seamounts and mid-oceanic islands revealed similar communities at family level, but at species level the GMS shares only one species with the Seine Seamount; all other elevations had more species in common. Hence, the GMS plateau is considered to be isolated regarding benthic Copepoda but may play an important role in meiofaunal species distribution, as it represents a shallow-water habitat within the deep sea.
REVISITING THE SPANISH ELICITED IMITATION TASK
Authors: Solon Megan , Park Hae In , Henderson Carly , Dehghan-Chaleshtori Marzieh 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElicited imitation tasks (EITs) have been shown to be a valid, reliable, and practical method for establishing second-language (L2) oral proficiency across a variety of languages. Nevertheless, research that has validated existing EITs has most often explored a narrow range of learner proficiencies or has examined how well the EIT distinguishes between low- and high-level learners. Bowden’s (2016) validation study of the Spanish EIT was the first to expand the range of learner proficiencies by including low, advanced, and very advanced L2 learners; her results suggested that, in its current state, the EIT may not be equipped to distinguish finer-grained levels of proficiency, especially at more advanced levels. The present study revisits the Spanish EIT to examine (a) its ability to distinguish between higher level learners and (b) whether including additional, more challenging EIT items allows for finer-grained distinctions at higher levels. Results suggest that the addition of longer, more challenging EIT items can improve the discriminability of the test among more advanced L2 learners.
Experiences of Racism among Older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: Prevalence, Sources, and Association with Mental Health
Authors: Temple Jeromey B. , Kelaher Margaret , Paradies Yin 
Published: June 2019

RÉSUMÉCet article présente une analyse inédite de l’association entre la discrimination raciale et la détresse psychologique chez les personnes âgées indigènes et insulaires du détroit de Torres. Les résultats indiquent : (1) qu’une minorité importante d’aînés appartenant aux populations indigènes et insulaires du détroit de Torres ont été victimes de racisme (tel qu’expérimenté et mesuré en fonction d’inégalités de traitement) et d’évitement ; (2) qu’une association entre les expériences de racisme ou d’évitement et la détresse psychologique peut être mise en évidence, et que cette relation demeure robuste malgré la considération d’une variété de facteurs confondants et de caractéristiques complexes associées à la conception des enquêtes ; et (3) les associations entre le racisme et la détresse sont amplifiées en fonction de l’intensité du racisme et des comportements d’évitement. L’association reste robuste ou se trouve renforcée lorsque le racisme et l’évitement se produisent dans le cadre de contextes cruciaux au développement du capital humain des personnes âgées (p. ex. soins de santé, éducation, milieu de travail). Nos résultats soulignent l’importance des programmes et des services sociaux et de santé culturellement sécuritaires, ainsi que la nécessité de contrer la discrimination sous toutes ses formes.
Subtype-specific differences in the risk of hospitalisation among patients infected with hepatitis E virus genotype 3 in Belgium, 2010–2018
Authors: Subissi Lorenzo , Peeters Michael , Lamoral Sophie , Klamer Sofieke , Suin Vanessa , Van Gucht Steven 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Some European countries recently reported an increase in hepatitis E virus genotype 3 (HEV-3) of the subtype 3c. No link between HEV-3 subtypes and severity is established to date. Here, we report that patients infected with HEV-3c were at lower risk of hospitalisation, compared to those infected with HEV-3f, the other main subtype circulating in Belgium.
Altruism and Desert
Authors: Clancy Sean 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSuppose that virtue is intrinsically morally good, and that we have a pro tanto moral reason to act in ways which promote it. Further suppose that the failure of agents to receive what they deserve is intrinsically morally bad, and that we have a pro tanto moral reason not to act in ways which frustrate desert. When we are deciding whether to encourage others to make altruistic sacrifices, these two pro tanto moral reasons come into conflict. To encourage such sacrifices promotes virtue; it also causes virtuous agents to be worse off, preventing them from receiving their deserts. I argue that these effects on desert can reduce the moral desirability of promoting altruism so significantly as to make it morally wrong. This has implications for public policy, since certain practical questions turn on the extent to which we ought to rely on altruism as a means of solving social problems.
Participant voices: examining issue, program and policy priorities of SNAP-Ed eligible adults in California
Authors: Gosliner Wendi , Shah Heena 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) aims to prevent obesity and chronic disease among SNAP-eligible families by facilitating healthy eating and active living. This study aimed to capture the voices of California SNAP-Ed eligible parents to inform program planners of their challenges in feeding their families, their available supports and priorities for intervention. We conducted eight focus groups with 55 participants across five counties in California from May through August 2017. Trained researchers used Dedoose to code and analyze data for substantive themes and overarching findings.Ten key findings and 4 additional findings were identified. Participants experience multiple challenges, primarily inadequate income and limited access to high quality, affordable healthy food contrasted with easy access to affordable unhealthy food. Despite efforts to manage food resources, most struggle to afford adequate diets. Employed parents confront a particularly challenging dual poverty of money and time. Many parents report feeling guilt related to feeding their children. Participants appreciate available programs and services and suggest increasing community input; providing sustainable programs; lowering the cost of and improving access to healthy food; reducing access to unhealthy food; modifying food assistance efforts; and improving nutrition education and promotion. Overall, low-income parents in California struggle to feed their families the way they would like. Participants generally understand what to feed their children, but struggle with how to do it, perceiving their circumstances and environments as inhospitable to healthy eating. Participants' suggestions can help SNAP-Ed programs and other efforts better support families' needs.
Design of multiband circularly/linearly polarized antenna for multiple wireless (WWAN/Bluetooth/WiMAX/WLAN/Downlink Satellite System)
Authors: Sharma Manish 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this article, a multiband antenna for various wireless communications is proposed for WWAN, Bluetooth, WiMAX, WLAN, and Downlink satellite system. The antenna consists of a radiating patch and a rectangular ground plane with four L-shaped stubs which are embedded as side arms to obtain a resonating band for WWAN (1.9GHz), Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), WiMAX (2.5, 3.5, and 5.5 GHz), and WLAN (5.5 GHz) wireless systems and a C-shaped stub is etched on the radiating patch to obtain a higher WLAN band (2.4, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz) and a satellite downlink system (7.5 GHz). The proposed antenna exhibits circular polarization at WWAN band and linear polarization for remaining applications. Also, the proposed antenna exhibits an omnidirectional radiation pattern.
Emotional Processing and Personality as Predictors of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms in College Students
Authors: Calero Vivas Daniel , Felipe-Castaño Elena , León Benito 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe categorical definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and exclusive focus on thoughts and behaviors, have constrained the study and treatment of its symptoms. The present study’s aim was to search for relationships among emotional processing dimensions, five major personality dimensions, and self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The participants were 100 college students, and the questionnaires used were a selection of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), the Self-assessment Manikin (SAM), the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS), and the NEO-FFI. We found differences in emotional processing dimensions between participants with high and low DOCS scores, grouped according to sex (d = .56); and evidence that the neuroticism and agreeableness dimensions predict self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Emotional processing dimensions and personality are considered useful to comprehending obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which lends support to dimensional models of OC symptomatology, as well as planning and developing psychological interventions.
Target-site resistance to cyhalofop-butyl in bearded sprangletop (Diplachne fusca) from China
Authors: Yuan Shuzhong , Di Yingjie , Chen Yueyang , Chen Yongrui , Cai Jingxuan , Deng Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBearded sprangletop [Diplachne fusca(L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &amp; Schult. ssp.fascicularis(Lam.) P. M. Peterson &amp; N. Snow] is a noxious annual grass weed of paddy fields, distributed in coastal regions of the Jiangsu and Hebei provinces in China. Cyhalofop-butyl has been widely used to control grass weeds since 2006 in China. Overreliance on cyhalofop-butyl has led to the evolution of resistant weeds. In this study, the resistance level and cyhalofop-butyl resistance mechanisms were investigated in the putative resistant (JSHH) population. The dose–response experiments showed that the JSHHD.fuscapopulation had evolved 8.9-fold resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) sequencing revealed a point mutation (GGC to GCC) at amino acid position 2096, resulting in a Gly-2096-Ala substitution in the resistant population. To our knowledge, this is the first case of cyhalofop-butyl resistance inD.fuscaand the first report of a target-site mutation conferring resistance to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides inD.fusca. In addition, the resistantD.fuscapopulation (JSHH) with the Gly-2096-Ala mutation was cross-resistant to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicide metamifop, the cyclohexanedione herbicide sethoxydim, and the phenylpyrazolin herbicide pinoxaden.
Hidden Holocene Slip Along the Coastal El Yolki Fault in Central Chile and Its Possible Link With Megathrust Earthquakes
Authors: Melnick Daniel , Hillemann Christian , Jara‐Muñoz Julius , Garrett Ed , Cortés‐Aranda Joaquín , Molina Diego , Tassara Andrés , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMegathrust earthquakes are commonly accompanied by increased upper‐plate seismicity and occasionally triggered fault slip. In Chile, crustal faults slipped during and after the 2010 Maule (M8.8) earthquake. We studied the El Yolki fault (EYOF), a transtensional structure midways the Maule rupture not triggered in 2010. We mapped a Holocene coastal plain using light detection and ranging, which did not reveal surface ruptures. However, the inner‐edge and shoreline angles along the coastal plain as well as 4.3‐ to 4.0‐ka intertidal sediments are back‐tilted on the EYOF footwall block, documenting 10 m of vertical displacement. These deformed markers imply ~2‐mm/year throw rate, and dislocation models a slip rate of 5.6 mm/year for the EYOF. In a 5‐m‐deep trench, the Holocene intertidal sediments onlap to five erosive steps, interpreted as staircase wave‐cut landforms formed by discrete events of relative sea level drop. We tentatively associated these steps with coseismic uplift during EYOF earthquakes between 4.3 and 4.0 ka. The Maule earthquake rupture may be subdivided into three subsegments based on coseismic slip and gravity anomalies. Coulomb stress transfer models predict neutral stress changes at the EYOF during the Maule earthquake but positive changes for a synthetic slip distribution at the central subsegment. If EYOF earthquakes were triggered by megathrust events, their slip distribution was probably focused in the central subsegment. Our study highlights the millennial variability of crustal faulting and the megathrust earthquake cycle in Chile, with global implications for assessing the hazards posed by hidden but potentially seismogenic coastal faults along subduction zones.
FOXP1-induced lncRNA CLRN1-AS1 acts as a tumor suppressor in pituitary prolactinoma by repressing the autophagy via inactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Chao , Tan Chunlei , Wen Yuan , Zhang Dongzhi , Li Guofu , Chang Liang , Su Jun , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs the commonest type of functional pituitary tumor, prolactinoma takes up around 40–60% of functional pituitary tumors. Despite dedications attributed to the treatment of prolactinoma, complete cure remains difficult. Hence, it is of significance to bring to light the underlying mechanism of prolactinoma. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of transcripts which can regulate various biological processes. In the present study, we explored an lncRNA that was differentially downregulated in prolactinoma samples. LncRNA clarin 1 antisense RNA 1 (CLRN1-AS1) was downregulated in 42 patient samples and inactivated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Functionally, CLRN1-AS1 suppressed cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and inhibited autophagy. Subcellular fractionation assay revealed that CLRN1-AS1 was located in the cytoplasm of prolactinoma cells. Based on bioinformatics analysis and mechanism experiments, we determined that CLRN1-AS1 acted as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-217 to upregulate the dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1). Furthermore, Forkhead box P1 (FOXP1) was verified to be a transcription suppressor of CLRN1-AS1. In summary, this study revealed that FOXP1-induced CLRN1-AS1 regulated cellular functions in pituitary prolactinoma by sponging miR-217 to release the DKK1/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.