bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibroblast Growth Factor 19–Mediated Up‐regulation of SYR‐Related High‐Mobility Group Box 18 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Metastasis by Transactivating Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 and Fms‐Related Tyrosine Kinase 4
Authors: Chen Jie , Du Feng , Dang Yunzhi , Li Xiaowei , Qian Meirui , Feng Weibo , Qiao Chenyang , Fan Daiming , Nie Yongzhan , Wu Kaichun , Xia Limin 
Published: September 2019

Background and Aims
The poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is mainly attributed to its high rate of metastasis and recurrence. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC metastasis need to be elucidated. The SRY‐related high‐mobility group box (SOX) family proteins, which are a group of highly conserved transcription factors, play important roles in cancer initiation and progression. Here, we report on a role of SOX18, a member of the SOX family, in promoting HCC invasion and metastasis.

Approach and Results
The elevated expression of SOX18 was positively correlated with poor tumor differentiation, higher tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, and poor prognosis. Overexpression of SOX18 promoted HCC metastasis by up‐regulating metastasis‐related genes, including fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and fms‐related tyrosine kinase 4 (FLT4). Knockdown of both FGFR4 and FLT4 significantly decreased SOX18‐mediated HCC invasion and metastasis, whereas the stable overexpression of FGFR4 and FLT4 reversed the decrease in cell invasion and metastasis that was induced by inhibition of SOX18. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), which is the ligand of FGFR4, up‐regulated SOX18 expression. A mechanistic investigation indicated that the up‐regulation of SOX18 that was mediated by the FGF19‐FGFR4 pathway relied on the phosphorylated (p)‐fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2/p‐glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta/β‐catenin pathway. SOX18 knockdown significantly reduced FGF19‐enhanced HCC invasion and metastasis. Furthermore, BLU9931, a specific FGFR4 inhibitor, significantly reduced SOX18‐mediated HCC invasion and metastasis. In human HCC tissues, SOX18 expression was positively correlated with FGF19, FGFR4, and FLT4 expression, and patients that coexpressed FGF19/SOX18, SOX18/FGFR4, or SOX18/FLT4 had the worst prognosis.

Conclusions
We defined a FGF19‐SOX18‐FGFR4 positive feedback loop that played a pivotal role in HCC metastasis, and targeting this pathway may be a promising therapeutic option for the clinical management of HCC.
Synthesis and cytotoxicity of pentacyclic triterpenes‐aniline nitrogen mustard derivatives
Authors: Liu Chun‐Mei , Tian Xiao‐Yan , Su Chun‐Hua , Huang Jia‐Yan , Chu Xiang‐Wu , Deng Sheng‐Ping , Cheng Ke‐Guang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTo discover novel nitrogen mustards, the reported mustard pharmacophore was combined with natural pentacyclic triterpenes, which are characterized with pharmacological and structural diversity. Thus, six conjugates were synthesized with 1,2,3‐triazole linking N,N‐bis (2‐chloroethyl)‐1,4‐phenylenediamine and oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, or glycyrrhetinic acid, and their biological activity was evaluated against tumor cell lines HeLa, BGC‐823, BEL‐7404, and NCI‐H460 using the MTT assay. As a result, these conjugates showed some selective cytotoxicity to NCI‐H460, though all their activity potency was moderate or weak in the four cell lines.
Tendon and Ligament Healing and Current Approaches to Tendon and Ligament Regeneration
Authors: Leong Natalie L. , Kator Jamie L. , Clemens Thomas L. , James Aaron , Enamoto‐Iwamoto Motomi , Jiang Jie 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTLigament and tendon injuries are common problems in orthopedics. There is a need for treatments that can expedite nonoperative healing or improve the efficacy of surgical repair or reconstruction of ligaments and tendons. Successful biologically‐based attempts at repair and reconstruction would require a thorough understanding of normal tendon and ligament healing. The inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases, and the cells involved in tendon and ligament healing will be reviewed. Then, current research efforts focusing on biologically‐based treatments of ligament and tendon injuries will be summarized, with a focus on stem cells endogenous to tendons and ligaments. Statement of clinical significance: This paper details mechanisms of ligament and tendon healing, as well as attempts to apply stem cells to ligament and tendon healing. Understanding of these topics could lead to more efficacious therapies to treat ligament and tendon injuries. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:7–12, 2020
Transforming Growth Factor β Enhances Tissue Formation by Passaged Nucleus Pulposus Cells In Vitro
Authors: Ashraf Sajjad , Chatoor Kenny , Chong Jasmine , Pilliar Robert , Santerre Paul , Kandel Rita 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe nucleus pulposus (NP) is composed of NP and notochord cell. It is a paucicellular tissue and if it is to be used as a source of cells for tissue engineering the cell number will have to be expanded by cell passaging. The hypothesis of this study is that passaged NP and notochordal cells grown in three‐dimensional (3D) culture in the presence of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) will show enhanced NP tissue formation compared with cells grown in the absence of this growth factor. Bovine NP cells isolated by sequential enzymatic digestion from caudal intervertebral discs were either placed directly in 3D culture (P0) or serially passaged up to passage 3 (P3) prior to placement in 3D culture. Serial cell passage in monolayer culture led to de‐differentiation, increased senescence and oxidative stress and decreases in the gene expression of NP and notochordal associated markers and increases in de‐differentiation markers. The NP tissue regeneration capacity of cells in 3D culture decreases with passaging as indicated by diminished tissue thickness and total collagen content when compared with tissues formed by P0 cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed that type II collagen accumulation appeared to decrease. TGFβ1 or TGFβ3 treatment enhanced the ability of cells at each passage to form tissue, in part by decreasing cell death. However, neither TGFβ1 nor TGFβ3 were able to restore the notochordal phenotype. Although TGFβ1/3 recovered NP tissue formation by passaged cells, to generate NP in vitro that resembles the native tissue will require identification of conditions facilitating retention of notochordal cell differentiation. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:438‐449, 2020
A Volume‐Based Feeding Protocol Improves Nutrient Delivery and Glycemic Control in a Surgical Trauma Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Prest Phillip J. , Justice Jessica , Bell Nathanial , McCarroll Richard , Watson Christopher M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundInadequate delivery of nutrition in critically ill patients has been shown to have adverse outcomes. A surgical trauma intensive care unit provides unique challenges to enteral feeds. Although volume‐based feeding protocols, like Enhanced Protein‐Energy Provision via the Enteral Route Feeding Protocol (PEP uP), have been successfully used in medical intensive care patients, data are sparse on its safety and efficacy in a surgical intensive care unit population.MethodsA PEP uP protocol was recently initiated at our American College of Surgeons Level 1 verified trauma center. Medical records of 197 patients before this change (pre‐PEP uP) were compared with 295 patients after this change (post‐PEP uP).ResultsThe post‐PEP uP group met/exceeded energy goals (defined as 80% of target) more often (57.0% compared with 26.9%, P‐value < .001), with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 4.98 (95% CI 3.49‐7.10), and more often met/exceeded protein goals (57.4% compared with 18.6%, P‐value < .001), with an adjusted OR of 11.84 (95% CI 7.94‐17.64). There was no significant difference in emesis during this time. Additionally, patients in the post‐PEP uP arm had less episodes of hyperglycemia (9% compared with 14.4%, P‐value < .001).ConclusionsVolume‐based feeding protocols like PEP uP are safe in critically ill trauma patients and are more effective at delivering energy and protein while limiting hyperglycemic episodes when compared with a traditional delivery method.
Technical Note: Machine learning approaches for range and dose verification in proton therapy using proton‐induced positron emitters
Authors: Li Zhongxing , Wang Yiang , Yu Yajun , Fan Kuanjun , Xing Lei , Peng Hao 
Published: September 2019

Purpose/objective(s)Online proton range/dose verification based on measurements of proton‐induced positron emitters is a promising strategy for quality assurance in proton therapy. Because of the nonlinear correlation between the dose distribution and the activity distribution of positron emitters in addition to the presence of noise, machine learning approaches were proposed to establish their relationship.Materials/methodsSimulations were carried out with a spot‐scanning proton system using GATE‐8.0 and Geant4‐10.3 toolkit with a computed tomography (CT)‐based patient phantom. The one‐dimensional (1D) distributions of positron emitters and radiation dose were obtained. A feedforward neural network classification model comprising two hidden layers, was developed to estimate whether the range is within a preset threshold. A recurrent neural network (RNN) regression model comprising three layers and ten neurons in each hidden layer was developed to estimate dose distribution. The performance was quantitatively studied in terms of mean squared error (MSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) under different signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values.ResultsThe feasibility of proton range and dose verification using the proposed neural network framework was demonstrated. The feedforward NN model achieves high classification accuracy close to 100% for individual classes without bias. The RNN model is able to accurately predict the 1D dose distribution for different energies and irradiation positions. When the SNR of the input activity profiles is above 4, the framework is able to predict with an MAE of ~0.60 mm and an MSE of ~0.066. Moreover, the model demonstrates a good capability of generalization.ConclusionsThe RNN model is found to be effective in identifying the relationship between the distributions of dose and positron emitters. The machine learning‐based framework and RNN models may be a useful tool to allow for accurate online range and dose verification based on proton‐induced positron emitters.
Metallization of Silver Through Coffee‐Ring Assisted Ribonucleic Acid Scaffolding Technique
Authors: Shakir Sehar , Talebi Sara , Abd‐ur‐Rehman Hafiz Muhammad , Moi Phang Siew , Iwamoto Mitsumasa , Yunus Kamran , Periasamy Vengadesh 
Published: September 2019

AbstractPreferential binding of base pair units with metallic ions within deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) to form metal‐DNA complexes are well studied and understood. Excitingly, such natural processes have been utilized “artificially” for designing and fabricating nanometallic structures and patterns primarily using double stranded DNA. However, little or no effort has been given to ribonucleic acid or RNA in this aspect. Therefore, in this work we study the scaffolding effect of RNA on metalizing silver (Ag) ions and further the diffusion of majority of the Ag‐RNA complexes towards artificially introduced cut or scribed edges as a result of the coffee‐ring effect. Upon removal of the RNA scaffold, metallic nanostructures remain along the line of the cut corresponding to the micrometre scale length of the cut, exercising some amount of control and manipulation of parameter. Other parameters such as the height and diameter may directly be related to the concentration and diffusion of the Ag‐RNA complexes, while gap size related to the cut width. We anticipate that further in‐depth studies will be required before a comprehensive model could be proposed for highly controllable and flexible nanostructure and nanowire fabrication using nucleic acid scaffolding techniques.
Carboxylate Bridge Controlled Formation of Tetra‐ and Pentanuclear Nickel(II) Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopy and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Dutta Nityananda , Giri Gopal C. , Haldar Shobhraj , Vijaykumar Gonela , Stewart Christopher D. , Carrella Luca , Musie Ghezai T. , Bera Manindranath 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA carboxyamine functionalized tridentate ligand in combination with three different carboxylate bridging groups (RCO2−; R=CH3, C2H5 and CF3) has been utilized to prepare tetra‐ and pentanuclear nickel(II) complexes, [Ni4(L)2(μ3‐OCH3)2(μ1,1‐O2CCH3)2(μ1,3‐O2CCH3)2(CH3OH)2] (1), [Ni4(L)2(μ3‐OCH3)2(μ1,1‐O2CC2H5)2(μ1,3‐O2CC2H5)2(CH3OH)2] (2) and [Ni5(L)4(μ3‐OH)2(μ1,3‐O2CCF3)2]Br2⋅3H2O (3) (HL=3‐[(2‐pyridylmethyl)‐amino]‐propionic acid). The complexes have been characterized using several techniques such as elemental analysis, solution electrical conductivity, FTIR and UV‐Vis spectroscopy, and low temperature magnetic measurements. While complex 1 and 3 were further characterized using single crystal X‐ray diffraction, molecular structure of complex 2 has been optimized using DFT calculation. Whereas the acetate/propionate groups deliver Ni4 cluster, the trifluoroacetate group provides Ni5 assembly. Molecular structures of complexes 1 and 2 comprise a central [Ni4O6] core that could be described as a distorted face‐shared dicubane with two missing vertices. On the other hand, the [Ni5(μ3‐OH)2(μ1,3‐O2CCF3)2]6+ structural core of complex 3 contains five coplanar nickel(II) ions in a rectangular organization. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility studies reveal the interesting magnetic properties of complexes 1 and 3. While complex 1 shows both ferro‐ and antiferromagnetic interactions with J1=−1.10 cm−1, J2=+2.40 cm−1 and J3=−0.65 cm−1, complex 3 exhibits only ferromagnetic interactions with J1=+2.0 cm−1 and J2=+1.0 cm−1.
Iron Fluoride Nanoparticles Embedded in a Nitrogen and Oxygen Dual‐doped 3D Porous Carbon Derived from Nori for High Rate Cathode in Lithium‐ion Battery
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wu Xian , Gong Shan , Fan Lishuang , Zhang Naiqing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA unique nitrogen and oxygen dual‐doped three‐dimensional porous carbon derived from nori which can be produced in large‐scale is used as conductive matrix to solve the problem of low conductivity of FeF3⋅0.33H2O cathode. Carbon with abundant channels combine with FeF3⋅0.33H2O nanoparticles to form a micro‐nanostructure material. The combination of small nanoparticles and highly conductive three dimension porous carbon skeleton forms a high‐speed ion and electron transport network which benefit the Li‐storage performance of FeF3⋅0.33H2O. The as‐prepared composite possess a capacity of 170, 157, and 104 mAh g−1 at 1 C, 2 C, and 20 C in lithium‐ion batteries which is much better than bulk FeF3⋅0.33H2O. Moreover, the capacity still maintains at 101 mAh g−1 after 500 times charge/discharge at a current density of 5 C.
Metal‐free, Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Trifluoromethylation/Cyclization of N‐benzamides with CF3SO2Na to Synthesize CF3‐Containing Isoquinoline‐1,3‐diones
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Dai Peng , Yan Zhichao , Wang Youjia , Shao Jiaxuan , Wu Yanhui , Deng Chao , Zhang Weihua 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA novel visible‐light‐induced radical cascade trifluoromethylation/cyclization of N‐benzamides with CF3SO2Na has been achieved. This protocol provides an efficient strategy for the synthesis of CF3‐containing isoquinoline‐1,3‐diones under mild reaction conditions. The reaction features metal‐free, air oxidation, CF3SO2Na as CF3 source, additives free and operational simplicity. Moreover, the representative products displayed significant potencial antifungal activities in vitro.
Unexpected Formation of Triphenylborane from Phenylboronic Acid and Its Use as an Intermediate in Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reaction
Authors: Motokura Ken , Fukuda Takuma , Manaka Yuichi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractTriphenylborane was unexpectedly formed from phenylboronic acid in the presence of an inorganic base and a polar solvent. When K2CO3 was used as the base and DMF was used as the solvent, 0.22 mmol of triphenylborane was obtained from 1.5 mmol of phenylboronic acid after 1 h at 130 °C. The in‐situ formed triphenylborane reacted with chorobenzene over a supported Pd catalyst to afford biphenyl as the cross coupling product.
Wetlands for wastewater treatment
Authors: Ghimire Umesh , Nandimandalam Hariteja , Martinez‐Guerra Edith , Gude Veera Gnaneswar 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis article presents an update on the research and practical demonstration of wetland treatment technologies for wastewater treatment. Applications of wetlands in wastewater treatment (as an advanced treatment unit or a decentralized system) and stormwater management or treatment for nutrient and pollutant removal (metals, industrial and emerging pollutants including pharmaceutical compounds and pathogens) are highlighted. A summary of studies involving the effects of vegetation, wetland design and operation, and configurations for efficient treatment of various municipal and industrial wastewaters is also included.Practitioner points

Provides an update on current research and development of wetland technologies for wastewater treatment.

Effects of vegetation, pathogens removal, heavy metals and emerging pollutants removal are included.

Wetland design and operation is a key factor to improve water quality of wetland effluent.
A novel systematic method to evaluate computer-supported collaborative design technologies
Authors: Brisco R. , Whitfield R. I. , Grierson H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSelection of suitable computer-supported collaborative design (CSCD) technologies is crucial to facilitate successful projects. This paper presents the first systematic method for engineering design teams to evaluate and select the most suitable CSCD technologies comparing technology functionality and project requirements established in peer-reviewed literature. The paper first presents 220 factors that influence successful CSCD. These factors were then systematically mapped and categorised to create CSCD requirement statements. The novel evaluation and selection method incorporates these requirement statements within a matrix and develops a discourse analysis text processing algorithm with data from collaborative projects to automate the population of how technologies impact the success of CSCD in engineering design teams. This method was validated using data collected across 3 years of a student global design project. The impact of this method is the potential to change the way engineering design teams consider the technology they use and how the selection of appropriate tools impacts the success of their CSCD projects. The development of the CSCD evaluation matrix is the first of its kind enabling a systematic and justifiable comparison and technology selection, with the aim of best supporting the engineering designers collaborative design activity.
A family of freely slice good boundary links
Authors: Cha Jae Choon , Kim Min Hoon , Powell Mark 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We show that every good boundary link with a pair of derivative links on a Seifert surface satisfying a homotopically trivial plus assumption is freely slice. This subsumes all previously known methods for freely slicing good boundary links with two or more components, and provides new freely slice links.
Trust in genomic data sharing among members of the general public in the UK, USA, Canada and Australia
Authors:   on behalf of the Participant Values Work Stream of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, Milne Richard , Morley Katherine I. , Howard Heidi , Niemiec Emilia , Nicol Dianne , Critchley Christine , Prainsack Barbara , Vears Danya , Smith James , Steed Claire , Bevan Paul , Atutornu Jerome , Farley Lauren , Goodhand Peter , Thorogood Adrian , Kleiderman Erika , Middleton Anna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Trust may be important in shaping public attitudes to genetics and intentions to participate in genomics research and big data initiatives. As such, we examined trust in data sharing among the general public. A cross-sectional online survey collected responses from representative publics in the USA, Canada, UK and Australia (n = 8967). Participants were most likely to trust their medical doctor and less likely to trust other entities named. Company researchers were least likely to be trusted. Low, Variable and High Trust classes were defined using latent class analysis. Members of the High Trust class were more likely to be under 50 years, male, with children, hold religious beliefs, have personal experience of genetics and be from the USA. They were most likely to be willing to donate their genomic and health data for clinical and research uses. The Low Trust class were less reassured than other respondents by laws preventing exploitation of donated information. Variation in trust, its relation to areas of concern about the use of genomic data and potential of legislation are considered. These findings have relevance for efforts to expand genomic medicine and data sharing beyond those with personal experience of genetics or research participants.
Design and rationale of ischaemia-driven complete revascularisation versus usual care in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel coronary disease: the South Limburg Myocardial Infarction (SLIM) trial
Authors: Pustjens T. F. S. , Streukens B. , Vainer J. , Gho B. , Ruiters A. W. , Stein M. , Ilhan M. , Veenstra L. , Theunissen R. , Bekkers S. C. A. M. , van’t Hof A. W. J. , Rasoul S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Aims
To compare ischaemia-driven complete coronary revascularisation by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with usual care in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD).

Methods
The South Limburg Myocardial Infarction (SLIM) trial (NCT03562572) is an investigator-initiated, prospective, multicentre, randomised controlled trial that compares fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided complete revascularisation during the index procedure with usual care in non-STEMI patients with MVD. A total of 414 patients will be randomised in a 1:1 fashion. The primary endpoint is the composite of all-cause mortality, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and any revascularisation and stroke (MACCE) at 12 months. The secondary endpoints are: MACCE at 24 and 36 months, and the composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, any revascularisation, stroke, major bleeding and left ventricular ejection fraction below 45% at 12, 24 and 36 months. Furthermore, quality of life will be assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) at 1 and 12 months of follow-up.

Conclusion
The SLIM trial aims to provide evidence whether FFR-guided complete revascularisation by PCI is superior to usual care with respect to clinical outcomes (major adverse cardiovascular events) in non-STEMI patients with MVD.