bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Loss Characteristics of Pipe Flange Joints: Experiments and Simulations
Authors: Zheng Xiaotao , Zhang Xiaohai , Gao Jiuyang , Ma Linwei , Wang Wei , Xu Jianmin , Yu Jiuyang 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Sealing performance and heat loss are important factors for pipe flange joints (PFJs) subjected to medium or high temperatures. Heat loss is of great interest in practical engineering for uninsulated PFJs. Since an insulation layer may degrade the sealing performance of PFJs, heat loss of PFJs was tested and simulated considering various ambient temperatures of −10 °C, 0 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C, with wind speeds of 0 m/s and 3 m/s and flange joint target temperatures of 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C. It is worth noting that the experiments were performed during summer for high ambient temperatures and during winter for low ambient temperatures. As expected, the steady temperature slightly increases with the increase of external ambient temperature. For the same flange joint temperature, a 3 m/s wind speed decreases significantly the steady temperature, especially when the higher target temperature is applied. If the external wind speed is 3 m/s and the flange joint target temperatures are 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C, respectively, the heat loss increases by approximately 38.4%, 30.7% and 23.6% when the ambient temperature changes from 30 °C to 10 °C. Moreover, the simulated temperatures agree well with the tested temperatures in most cases, and the average error is approximately 8%. The energy saving efficiency under the windless condition is approximately on average 26% higher than that with a wind speed of 3 m/s.
Discussion: “Consideration of a Stress-Based Criterion for Local Failure and Its Implementation in a Damage Mechanics Model” (Nakamura, H., 2019, ASME J. Pressure Vessel Technol., 141(4), p. 041405)
Authors: Hojo Kiminobu 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The present commentary concerns some doubtful results included in the discussed paper.
Winter cancellations of elective surgical procedures in the UK: a questionnaire survey of patients on the economic and psychological impact
Authors: Herrod Philip J J , Adiamah Alfred , Boyd-Carson Hannah , Daliya Prita , El-Sharkawy Ahmed M , Sarmah Panchali B , Hossain Tanvir , Couch Jennifer , Sian Tanvir S , Wragg Andrew , Andrew David R , Parsons Simon L , Lobo Dileep N 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesTo quantify the economic and psychological impact of the cancellation of operations due to winter pressures on patients, their families and the economy.DesignThis questionnaire study was designed with the help of patient groups. Data were collected on the economic and financial burden of cancellations. Emotions were also quantified on a 5-point Likert scale.SettingFive NHS Hospital Trusts in the East Midlands region of England.ParticipantsWe identified 796 participants who had their elective operations cancelled between 1 November 2017 and 31 March 2018 and received responses from 339 (43%) participants.InterventionsParticipants were posted a modified version of a validated quality of life questionnaire with a prepaid return envelope.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measures were the financial and psychological impact of the cancellation of elective surgery on patients and their families.ResultsOf the 339 respondents, 163 (48%) were aged <65 years, with 111 (68%) being in employment. Sixty-six (19%) participants had their operations cancelled on the day. Only 69 (62%) of working adults were able to return to work during the time scheduled for their operation, with a mean loss of 5 working days (SD 10). Additional working days were lost subsequently by 60 (54%) participants (mean 7 days (SD 10)). Family members of 111 (33%) participants required additional time off work (mean 5 days (SD 7)). Over 30% of participants reported extreme levels of sadness, disappointment, anger, frustration and stress. At least moderate concern about continued symptoms was reported by 234 (70%) participants, and 193 (59%) participants reported at least moderate concern about their deteriorating condition.ConclusionsThe cancellation of elective surgery during the winter had an adverse impact on patients and the economy, including days of work lost and health-related anxiety. We recommend better planning, and provision of more notice and better support to patients.
Completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes from subdistrict to district level in three rural districts in Greater Accra region of Ghana: an implementation research using mixed methods
Authors: Amoakoh-Coleman Mary , Ansah Evelyn , Klipstein-Grobusch Kerstin , Arhinful Daniel 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the completeness of obstetric referral letters/notes at the district level of healthcare.DesignAn implementation research within three districts in Greater Accra region using mixed methods. During baseline and intervention phases, referral processes for all obstetric referrals from lower level facilities seen at the district hospitals were documented including indications for referrals, availability and completeness of referral notes/forms. An assessment of before and after intervention availability and completeness of referral forms was carried out. Focus group discussions, non-participant observations and in-depth interviews with health workers and pregnant women were conducted for qualitative data.SettingThree (3) districts in the Greater Accra region of Ghana.ParticipantsPregnant women referred from lower levels of care to and seen at the district hospital, health workers within the three districts and pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in the district and their family members or spouses.InterventionAn enhanced interfacility referral communication system consisting of training, provision of communication tools for facilities, formation of hospital referral teams and strengthening feedback mechanisms.OutcomeCompleteness of obstetric referral letters/notes.ResultsProportion of obstetric referrals with referral notes improved from 27.2% to 44.3% from the baseline to intervention period. Mean completeness (95% CI) of all forms was 71.3% (64.1% to 78.5%) for the study period, improving from 70.7% (60.4% to 80.9%) to 71.9% (61.1% to 82.7%) from baseline to intervention periods. Health workers reported they do not always provide referral notes and that most referral notes are not completely filled due to various reasons.ConclusionsMost obstetric referrals did not have referral notes. The few notes provided were not completely filled. Interventions such as training of health workers, regular review of referral processes and use of electronic records can help improve both the provision of and completeness of the referral notes.
Psychometric properties of the Arabic version of EPDS and BDI-II as a screening tool for antenatal depression: evidence from Qatar
Authors: Naja Sarah , Al-Kubaisi Noora , Chehab Mohamad , Al-Dahshan Ayman , Abuhashem Nada , Bougmiza Iheb 
Published: September 2019

ObjectivesThe current study aimed to validate and determine the psychometric properties of the Arabic versions of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in Qatar.DesignA cross-sectional study design was employed.SettingAntenatal care (ANC) clinics at nine primary healthcare centres.ParticipantsPregnant women (n=128) aged 15–46 years in different trimesters of pregnancy, attending the ANC clinics as well as capable of reading and writing in the Arabic language.ResultsA total of 128 participants were enrolled. On conducting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the EPDS showed a larger area under the curve at 0.951 than the BDI-II tool (0.912). Using Youden’s index, a score>13 on the EPDS (87% sensitivity, 90% speciﬁcity) and>19 on the BDI-II (96% sensitivity, 73% speciﬁcity) allowed for the greatest division between depressed and non-depressed participants.ConclusionTo address the under-recognition of antenatal depression, physicians at primary healthcare centres in Qatar should be encouraged to utilise the EPDS to screen pregnant women seeking ANC services.
Patient and provider factors associated with enrolment in the pre-end-stage renal disease pay-for-performance programme in Taiwan: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Hsiao-Yun , Jian Feng-Xuan , Lai Yun-ju , Yen Yung-Feng , Huang Nicole , Hwang Shang Jyh 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveThe incidence and prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Taiwan have been ranked the highest worldwide. Therefore, the National Health Insurance Administration has implemented the pre-ESRD pay-for-performance (P4P) programme since November 2006, which had significantly reduced the incidence of dialysis and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to identify the factors associated with the enrolment in the pre-ESRD P4P programme.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe National Health Insurance research database 2007–2012 in Taiwan.ParticipantsPatients with prevalent pre-ESRD aged more than 18 years between January 2007 and December 2012 were enrolled. Patient demographics and hospital characteristics between P4P and non-P4P groups were compared. A logistic regression model was used to analyse the factors associated with P4P enrolment, and a generalised estimating equation was used to verify the results.Primary outcome measureEnrolment in the pre-ESRD P4P programme.ResultsIn total, 82 991 patients were enrolled in the programme, with a 45.6% participation rate. Patients who were males (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.89, 95% CI=0.86 to 0.91) and employed (AOR=0.95, 95% CI=0.92 to 0.97) had a significantly lower probability to be enrolled in the programme. Older patients (66–75 years old, AOR=1.23, 95% CI=1.14 to 1.33) and those with higher Charlson Comorbidities Index (CCI 5+, AOR=4.01, 95% CI=3.55 to 4.53) tended to be enrolled in the programme, while those in the 76+ years age group were not (AOR=1.03, 95% CI=0.95 to 1.13). Hospitals located in the central (AOR=1.48, 95% CI=1.05 to 2.08) and Kao-Ping regions (AOR=1.62, 95% CI=1.18 to 2.22) also tended to enrol patients in the pre-ESRD P4P programme. Enrolment rates increased over time.ConclusionPre-ESRD patients of the female gender, greater age and more comorbidities were more likely to be enrolled in the pre-ESRD P4P programme. Healthcare providers and health authorities should focus attention on patients who are male, younger and with less comorbidities to improve the healthcare quality and equality for all pre-ESRD patients.
Rapid, proteomic urine assay for monitoring progressive organ disease in Fabry disease
Authors: Doykov Ivan D , Heywood Wendy E , Nikolaenko Valeria , Śpiewak Justyna , Hällqvist Jenny , Clayton Peter Theodore , Mills Philippa , Warnock David G , Nowak Albina , Mills Kevin 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundFabry disease is a progressive multisystemic disease, which affects the kidney and cardiovascular systems. Various treatments exist but decisions on how and when to treat are contentious. The current marker for monitoring treatment is plasma globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb3), but it is not informative about the underlying and developing disease pathology.MethodsWe have created a urine proteomic assay containing a panel of biomarkers designed to measure disease-related pathology which include the inflammatory system, lysosome, heart, kidney, endothelium and cardiovascular system. Using a targeted proteomic-based approach, a series of 40 proteins for organ systems affected in Fabry disease were multiplexed into a single 10 min multiple reaction monitoring Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay and using only 1 mL of urine.ResultsSix urinary proteins were elevated in the early-stage/asymptomatic Fabry group compared with controls including albumin, uromodulin, α1-antitrypsin, glycogen phosphorylase brain form, endothelial protein receptor C and intracellular adhesion molecule 1. Albumin demonstrated an increase in urine and could indicate presymptomatic disease. The only protein elevated in the early-stage/asymptomatic patients that continued to increase with progressive multiorgan involvement was glycogen phosphorylase brain form. Podocalyxin, fibroblast growth factor 23, cubulin and Alpha-1-Microglobulin/Bikunin Precursor (AMBP) were elevated only in disease groups involving kidney disease. Nephrin, a podocyte-specific protein, was elevated in all symptomatic groups. Prosaposin was increased in all symptomatic groups and showed greater specificity (p<0.025–0.0002) according to disease severity.ConclusionThis work indicates that protein biomarkers could be helpful and used in conjunction with plasma lyso-Gb3 for monitoring of therapy or disease progression in patients with Fabry disease.
EULAR points to consider for the development, evaluation and implementation of mobile health applications aiding self-management in people living with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases
Authors: Najm Aurélie , Nikiphorou Elena , Kostine Marie , Richez Christophe , Pauling John D , Finckh Axel , Ritschl Valentin , Prior Yeliz , Balážová Petra , Stones Simon , Szekanecz Zoltan , Iagnocco Annamaria , Ramiro Sofia , Sivera Francisca , Dougados Maxime , Carmona Loreto , Burmester Gerd , Wiek Dieter , Gossec Laure , Berenbaum Francis 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundMobile health applications (apps) are available to enable people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) to better self-manage their health. However, guidance on the development and evaluation of such apps is lacking.ObjectivesThe objective of this EULAR task force was to establish points to consider (PtC) for the development, evaluation and implementation of apps for self-management of RMDs.MethodsA systematic literature review of app content and development strategies was conducted, followed by patient focus group and an online survey. Based on this information and along with task force expert opinion, PtC were formulated in a face-to-face meeting by a multidisciplinary task force panel of experts, including two patient research partners. The level of agreement among the panel in regard to each PtC was established by anonymous online voting.ResultsThree overarching principles and 10 PtC were formulated. Three PtC are related to patient safety, considered as a critical issue by the panel. Three are related to relevance of the content and functionalities. The requirement for transparency around app development and funding sources, along with involvement of relevant health professionals, were also raised. Ease of app access across ages and abilities was highlighted, in addition to considering the cost benefit of apps from the outset. The level of agreement was from 8.8 to 9.9 out of 10.ConclusionThese EULAR PtC provide guidance on important aspects that should be considered for the development, evaluation and implementation of existing and new apps.
Big tobacco focuses on the facts to hide the truth: an algorithmic exploration of courtroom tropes and taboos
Authors: Risi Stephan , Proctor Robert N 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo use methods from computational linguistics to identify differences in the rhetorical strategies deployed by defence versus plaintiffs’ lawyers in cigarette litigation.MethodsFrom 318 closing arguments in 159 Engle progeny trials (2008–2016) archived in the Truth Tobacco Industry Documents, we calculated frequency scores and Mann-Whitney Rho scores of plaintiffs versus defence corpora to discover ‘tropes’ (terms used disproportionately by one side) and ‘taboos’ (terms scrupulously avoided by one side or the other).ResultsDefence attorneys seek to place the smoker on trial, using his or her friends and family members to demonstrate that he or she must have been fully aware of the harms caused by smoking. We show that ‘free choice,’ ‘common knowledge’ and ‘personal responsibility’ remain key strategies in cigarette litigation, but algorithmic analysis allows us to understand how such strategies can be deployed without actually using these expressions. Industry attorneys rarely mention personal responsibility, for example, but invoke that concept indirectly, by talking about ‘decisions’ made by the individual smoker and ‘risks’ they assumed.ConclusionsQuantitative analysis can reveal heretofore hidden patterns in courtroom rhetoric, including the weaponisation of pronouns and the systematic avoidance of certain terms, such as ‘profits’ or ‘customer.’ While cigarette makers use words that focus on the individual smoker, attorneys for the plaintiffs refocus agency onto the industry. We show how even seemingly trivial parts of speech—like pronouns—along with references to family members or words like ‘truth’ and ‘facts’ have been weaponised for use in litigation.
Fractional hyperviscosity induced growth of bottlenecks in energy spectrum of Burgers equation solutions
Authors: Banerjee Debarghya 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Energy spectrum of turbulent fluids exhibit a bump at an intermediate wavenumber, between the inertial and the dissipation range. This bump is called bottleneck. Such bottlenecks are also seen in the energy spectrum of the solutions of hyperviscous Burgers equation. Previous work have shown that this bump corresponds to oscillations in real space velocity field. In this paper, we present numerical and analytical results of how the bottleneck and its real space signature, the oscillations, grow as we tune the order of hyperviscosity. We look at a parameter regime α ∈ [1, 2] where α = 1 corresponds to normal viscosity and α = 2 corresponds to hyperviscosity of order 2. We show that even for the slightest fractional increment in the order of hyperviscosity (α) bottlenecks show up in the energy spectrum.

Graphical abstract
Discrete mass-spring structure identification in nonlocal continuum space-fractional model
Authors: Szajek Krzysztof , Sumelka Wojciech 
Published: September 2019

Abstract.This paper considers discrete mass-spring structure identification in a nonlocal continuum space-fractional model, defined as an optimization task. Dynamic (eigenvalues and eigenvectors) and static (displacement field) solutions to discrete and continuum theories are major constituents of the objective function. It is assumed that the masses in both descriptions are equal (and constant), whereas the spring stiffness distribution in a discrete system becomes a crucial unknown. The considerations include a variety of configurations of the nonlocal parameter and the order of the fractional model, which makes the study comprehensive, and for the first time provides insight into the possible properties (geometric and mechanical) of a discrete structure homogenized by a space-fractional formulation.
DNA Sequencing Technologies
Authors: Wong Ka-Chun , Zhang Jiao , Yan Shankai , Li Xiangtao , Lin Qiuzhen , Kwong Sam , Liang Cheng 
Published: September 2019

The recent advances in DNA sequencing technology, from first-generation sequencing (FGS) to third-generation sequencing (TGS), have constantly transformed the genome research landscape. Its data throughput is unprecedented and severalfold as compared with past technologies. DNA sequencing technologies generate sequencing data that are big, sparse, and heterogeneous. This results in the rapid development of various data protocols and bioinformatics tools for handling sequencing data.In this review, a historical snapshot of DNA sequencing is taken with an emphasis on data manipulation and tools. The technological history of DNA sequencing is described and reviewed in thorough detail. To manipulate the sequencing data generated, different data protocols are introduced and reviewed. In particular, data compression methods are highlighted and discussed to provide readers a practical perspective in the real-world setting. A large variety of bioinformatics tools are also reviewed to help readers extract the most from their sequencing data in different aspects, such as sequencing quality control, genomic visualization, single-nucleotide variant calling, INDEL calling, structural variation calling, and integrative analysis. Toward the end of the article, we critically discuss the existing DNA sequencing technologies for their pitfalls and potential solutions.
New Resolution-Based QBF Calculi and Their Proof Complexity
Authors: Beyersdorff Olaf , Chew Leroy , Janota Mikoláš 
Published: September 2019

Modern QBF solvers typically use two different paradigms, conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) solving or expansion solving. Proof systems for quantified Boolean formulas (QBFs) provide a theoretical underpinning for the performance of these solvers, with Q-Resolution and its extensions relating to CDCL solving and ∀Exp+Res relating to expansion solving. This article defines two novel calculi, which are resolution-based and enable unification of some of the principal existing resolution-based QBF calculi, namely Q-resolution, long-distance Q-resolution and the expansion-based calculus ∀Exp+Res.
However, the proof complexity of the QBF resolution proof systems is currently not well understood. In this article, we completely determine the relative power of the main QBF resolution systems, settling in particular the relationship between the two different types of resolution-based QBF calculi: proof systems for CDCL-based solvers (Q-resolution, universal, and long-distance Q-resolution) and proof systems for expansion-based solvers (∀Exp+Res and its generalizations IR-calc and IRM-calc defined here).
The most challenging part of this comparison is to exhibit hard formulas that underlie the exponential separations of the aforementioned proof systems. To this end, we exhibit a new and elegant proof technique for showing lower bounds in QBF proof systems based on strategy extraction. This technique provides a direct transfer of circuit lower bounds to lengths-of-proofs lower bounds. We use our method to show the hardness of a natural class of parity formulas for Q-resolution and universal Q-resolution. Variants of the formulas are hard for even stronger systems such as long-distance Q-resolution and extensions.
With a completely different and novel counting argument, we show the hardness of the prominent formulas of Kleine Büning et al. [51] for the strong expansion-based calculus IR-calc.
GATA3-Controlled Nucleosome Eviction Drives MYC Enhancer Activity in T-cell Development and Leukemia
Authors: Belver Laura , Yang Alexander Y. , Albero Robert , Herranz Daniel , Brundu Francesco G. , Quinn S. Aidan , Pérez-Durán Pablo , Álvarez Silvia , Gianni Francesca , Rashkovan Marissa , Gurung Devya , Rocha Pedro P. , Raviram Ramya , Reglero Clara , Cortés Jose R. , Cooke Anisha J. , Wendorff Agnieszka A. , Cordó Valentina , Meijerink Jules P. , Rabadan Raúl , Ferrando Adolfo A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Long-range enhancers govern the temporal and spatial control of gene expression; however, the mechanisms that regulate enhancer activity during normal and malignant development remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a role for aberrant chromatin accessibility in the regulation of MYC expression in T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Central to this process, the NOTCH1-MYC enhancer (N-Me), a long-range T cell–specific MYC enhancer, shows dynamic changes in chromatin accessibility during T-cell specification and maturation and an aberrant high degree of chromatin accessibility in mouse and human T-ALL cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that GATA3-driven nucleosome eviction dynamically modulates N-Me enhancer activity and is strictly required for NOTCH1-induced T-ALL initiation and maintenance. These results directly implicate aberrant regulation of chromatin accessibility at oncogenic enhancers as a mechanism of leukemic transformation.

Significance:
MYC is a major effector of NOTCH1 oncogenic programs in T-ALL. Here, we show a major role for GATA3-mediated enhancer nucleosome eviction as a driver of MYC expression and leukemic transformation. These results support the role of aberrant chromatin accessibility and consequent oncogenic MYC enhancer activation in NOTCH1-induced T-ALL.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1631