bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase 2 Sensitivity and Selectivity Study of High-Dose 5-Aminolevulinic Acid in Adult Patients Undergoing Resection of a Newly Diagnosed or Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Cozzens Jeffrey W. , Lokaitis Barbara C. , Delfino Kristin , Hoeft Ava , Moore Brian E. , Fifer Amber S. , Amin Devin V. , Espinosa José A. , Jones Breck A. , Acakpo-Satchivi Leslie 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The utility of oral 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)/protoporphyrin fluorescence for the resection of high-grade gliomas is well documented, but the problem of false-negative observations remains. This study compares high-grade glioma visualization with low/standard dose 5-ALA (<30 mg/kg) to high-dose 5-ALA (>40 mg/kg) to see if by using this higher dose, it is possible to reduce the rate of false-negative observations without increasing the rate of false-positive (FP) observations and therefore increase the sensitivity.

METHODS:
This is a prospective study of consecutive patients with radiological evidence of presumed high-grade glioma. We reviewed the data from patients who received preoperative low/standard doses and patients who received a preoperative high dose of 5-ALA. Adverse events, dose to observation time, intensity of tumor fluorescence, and results of biopsies in areas of tumor and tumor bed under deep blue light were recorded.

RESULTS:
A total of 22 patients with high-grade glioma received a dose >40 mg/kg (high-dose) and 9 patients received <30 mg/kg (low/standard dose). There were no serious adverse events related to 5-ALA in any subject. There was a very high sensitivity and specificity of 5-ALA for the presence of tumor in both groups. There were no FP observations (fluorescence with no tumor) in either group. The specificity and the positive predictive value were 100% in both groups. The sensitivity and the negative predictive value were 53.3% and 30.0% in the low/standard dose group and 59.5% and 31.8% in the high-dose group, respectively.

CONCLUSION:
High-dose oral 5-aminolevulinic/protoporphyrin fluorescence is a safe and effective aid to the intraoperative detection of high-grade gliomas with high sensitivity and specificity. False-negative observations with a high dose do not seem to be less than that with a low/standard dose. The rate of FP observations with both groups remains very low.
Heterotopic Osteotomy for Intrathecal Baclofen Test Dose Administration in a Pediatric Patient With Spinal Fusion: A Technical Note
Authors: Abdelmageed Sunny , Villalba Nicole , Mossner James , Krater Timothy , Raskin Jeffrey S. 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE:
Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) pumps are used for the treatment of pediatric movement disorders that are rapidly progressive or do not respond to medical management. An ITB test dose is indicated in patients who have mixed tone, when the family remains unconvinced, or when insurance companies require it. Test doses are typically delivered by lumbar puncture; however, lumbar puncture in patients with heterotopic ossification of the lumbar vertebrae after a previous spinal fusion is not possible. To our knowledge, we present the first technical note describing a heterotopic osteotomy to access the subarachnoid space for a complex ITB test dose in a pediatric patient with a spinal fusion.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
We present a 14-year-old woman with spastic, dystonic quadriplegic cerebral palsy, neuromuscular scoliosis, and previous T3-pelvis posterior spinal fusion. She continued to have significant dystonia and spasticity despite maximal medical management and was offered ITB therapy. A complex ITB test dose through heterotopic osteotomy was performed with excellent clinical results, and the patient will ultimately receive an ITB pump.

CONCLUSION:
Heterotopic ossification following spinal fusion is not a contraindication to an ITB test dose. A heterotopic osteotomy is a feasible surgical approach to administer an ITB test dose in these pediatric patients.
Average Case Subquadratic Exact and Heuristic Procedures for the Traveling Salesman 2-OPT Neighborhood
Authors: Lancia Giuseppe , Vidoni Paolo 
Published: November 2024

We describe an exact algorithm for finding the best 2-OPT move that, experimentally, was observed to be much faster than the standard quadratic approach for a large part of a best-improvement local search convergence starting at a random tour. To analyze its average-case complexity, we introduce a family of heuristic procedures and discuss their complexity when applied to a random tour in graphs whose edge costs are either uniform random numbers in [0, 1] or Euclidean distances between random points in the plane. We prove that, for any probability p, there is a heuristic in the family that can find the best 2-OPT move with probability at least p in average-time [Formula: see text]) for uniform instances and [Formula: see text] for Euclidean instances. The exact algorithm is then proved to be even faster in the sense that in those instances in which a heuristic finds the best move, the exact algorithm finds it in a smaller time. We give empirical evidence that a slight variant of our algorithm finds the best move in [Formula: see text] time on both types of instances, achieving the best possible performance for this particular problem. Computational experiments are reported to show the effectiveness of our algorithms, both in best-improvement and in first-improvement 2-OPT local search. History: Accepted by Andrea Lodi, Area Editor for Design and Analysis of Algorithms: Discrete. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2023.0169 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2023.0169 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Successful Management of High-Risk Pregnancy with TORCH Infection History and Chronic Hypertension
Authors: Karimah Rumman , Fadli Sonny , Eljatin Dwinka Syafira , Indriastuti Endah , Sari Desiana Widityaning , Ridhoi Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

A 41-year-old pregnant woman of Javanese ethnicity attended the outpatient clinic of a private hospital, presented with fifth pregnancy and no living children due to a history of ectopic pregnancy, two times IUFD, and one time neonatal death. The patient also had a history of chronic hypertension and asthma. The examination showed positive IgG Toxoplasma and CMV antibody levels. The patient's blood pressure also never touched the normal limit since the beginning of pregnancy. At the end of pregnancy, she had very high blood pressure and proteinuria. According to WHO Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is still very high, where two of the five highest causes are infection and hypertension in pregnancy. High risk pregnancies require special attention in monitoring during pregnancy and management. In a history of bad obstetrical history it is necessary to screen for infection which can be done by antibody serology testing. A positive IgG indicates immunity to the virus, if possible it is necessary to check IgG Avidity to determine whether therapy is still needed or can rely on the immune system that has been formed. Chronic hypertension (Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) > 140 mmHg and / or Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) > 90 mmHg since < 20 Weeks Gestational Age (WGA) until 42 days after delivery). First-line Labetalol and Nifedipine or second-line Methyldopa and Hydrochlorothiazide should be considered depending on the condition and gestational age. If there are signs of preeclampsia, termination should be done if possible, along with antihypertensives and anticonvulsants such as MgSO4.
Uncompromised total knee arthroplasty function after distal femoral osteotomy
Authors: Clark Sean C. , Pan Xuankang , Saris Daniel B. F. , Taunton Michael J. , Krych Aaron J. , Hevesi Mario 
Published: November 2024

AimsDistal femoral osteotomies (DFOs) are commonly used for the correction of valgus deformities and lateral compartment osteoarthritis. However, the impact of a DFO on subsequent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) function remains a subject of debate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a unilateral DFO on subsequent TKA function in patients with bilateral TKAs, using the contralateral knee as a self-matched control group.MethodsThe inclusion criteria consisted of patients who underwent simultaneous or staged bilateral TKA after prior unilateral DFO between 1972 and 2023. The type of osteotomy performed, osteotomy hardware fixation, implanted TKA components, and revision rates were recorded. Postoperative outcomes including the Forgotten Joint Score-12 (FJS-12), Tegner Activity Scale score, and subjective knee preference were also obtained at final follow-up.ResultsA total of 21 patients underwent bilateral TKA following unilateral DFO and were followed for a mean of 31.5 years (SD 11.1; 20.2 to 74.2) after DFO. The mean time from DFO to TKA conversion was 13.1 years (SD 9.7) with 13 (61.9%) of DFO knees converting to TKA more than ten years after DFO. There was no difference in arthroplasty implant systems employed in both the DFO-TKA and TKA-only knees (p > 0.999). At final follow-up, the mean FJS-12 of the DFO-TKA knee was 62.7 (SD 36.6), while for the TKA-only knee it was 65.6 (SD 34.7) (p = 0.328). In all, 80% of patients had no subjective knee preference or preferred their DFO-TKA knee. Three DFO-TKA knees and two TKA-only knees underwent subsequent revision following index arthroplasty at a mean of 12.8 years (SD 6.9) and 8.5 years (SD 3.8), respectively (p > 0.999).ConclusionIn this self-matched study, DFOs did not affect subsequent TKA function as clinical outcomes, subjective knee preference, and revision rates were similar in both the DFO-TKA and TKA-only knees at mean 32-year follow-up.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(11):1013–1019.
Transport of Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Through Prairie Strips During Simulated Runoff
Authors: Alt Laura M. , Craig Andrew J. , Congilosi Jena L. , Aga Diana S. , Howe Adina , Soupir Michelle L. 
Published: November 2024

HighlightsA physical model system was used to track resistance contaminants through prairie strips.Resistance contaminants included antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes.Subsurface filtration caused the highest concentration reduction of resistance contaminants.Infiltration is highlighted as a key feature in concentration and mass load reductions.Abstract. Antibiotic use in production animals can drive the development and spread of antibiotic resistance within environmental systems. Transport pathways of resistance contaminants from animals to the environment are known, but there is no regulatory consensus on which specific contaminants should be monitored. Furthermore, there is a need for management practices to combat the transport of these resistance contaminants. The objective of this study was to evaluate Conservation Practice 43 prairie strips for their reduction of three resistance indicators: antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes, from manure-impacted overland flow under varying run-on flow rates. High, medium, and low run-on flow rates were tested with the use of a laboratory-scale flume containing a field-extracted section of prairie strip. Grab samples were collected immediately upstream, downstream, and beneath the prairie strip, representing run-on, runoff, and infiltrated flows, respectively. Percent reductions in the median concentration of each resistance contaminant were calculated for each flow experiment at both the runoff and infiltration sampling locations to demonstrate the impact of the prairie strip. However, in instances where an increase in the median concentration of a contaminant occurred between the run-on sampling location and either the runoff or infiltration sampling locations, a negative percent reduction is reported. Across all flows, the percent reductions in median concentrations at the runoff sampling location ranged from -11.4%–0.8% for antibiotics, 1.2%–28.2% for bacteria, and -4.2%–30.5% for genes. In comparison, the percent reductions in median concentrations at the infiltration sampling location ranged from -23.9%–43.6% for antibiotics, 12.9%–65.5% for bacteria, and -12.6%–43.5% for genes. The dataset from this study supports the use of appropriately designed prairie strips to decrease the concentrations and loads of resistance contaminants that are transported downstream from manured fields and can be used to inform in-field design parameters. Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, Flume, Swine manure, Water quality.
Multi-physics metasurface with reduced characteristic scales simultaneously for microwave, infrared, and acoustic compatibility
Authors: Sun Huiting , Hu Peizhou , Wang Jun , Zhao Jingbo , Zhu Ruichao , Ding Chang , Zhang Jie , Liu Zhaotang , Chu Zuntian , Cui Yina , Wu Fan , Qu Shaobo , Wang Jiafu 
Published: November 2024

Devices supporting work in multi-physical environments present new challenges for material design. Due to the wavelength difference, waves from multi-field are difficult to modulate simultaneously, limiting the multi-field functions integration. Inspired by characteristic scale analysis, in this work, a devisable metasurface with characteristic scale compatibility is proposed. Under the reduced characteristic scale, waves in microwave, infrared, and acoustic fields can be modulated simultaneously, which can realize the multi-physics functions compatibility. In the microwave field, the far-field performance can be modulated by designing wavefront phase distribution. In the infrared field, the infrared radiation characteristic can be spatially modulated through noninvasive insetting of infrared devices in the microwave layer. In the acoustic field, the sound wave entering the metasurface can realize high-efficiency loss under the action of the Helmholtz cavity. To verify the design method, a functional sample is simulated and experimented. Three typical functions are effectively verified, which can realize 10 dB backward scattering reduction at 8–10 GHz, digital infrared camouflage with infrared emissivity modulation from 0.4 to 0.8 at 3–14 μm, and sound absorptivity of more than 60% at 160–410 Hz, respectively. The comparable characteristic scale design method paves a new way for individually devisable metasurfaces in multi-physical field integration.
Accuracy of immunological tests on serum and urine for diagnosis of Taenia solium neurocysticercosis: A systematic review
Authors: Van Acker Lisa , Toribio Luz , Chachage Mkunde , Zeng Hang , Devleesschauwer Brecht , Garcia Héctor H. , Gabriël Sarah ,   on behalf of the NeuroSolve Consortium
Published: November 2024

Background
Taenia solium neurocysticercosis is a zoonotic neglected tropical disease, for which adequate diagnostic management is paramount, especially in patients with active cysts for whom improved and timely management could prove beneficial. Immunodiagnosis can potentially partially mitigate the necessity for neuroimaging, shortening the diagnostic -and treatment- pathway. An up-to-date review of immunological test performance is however lacking.

Methodology/Principal findings
Searches were performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus (up to January 2024), with included records fitting the review scope, i.e. accuracy evaluation of an antibody-/or antigen-detecting immunological test, using serum or urine of humans confirmed via reference standard (i.e. neuroimaging or surgery/biopsy). Record data was assessed, with classification of descriptive data on cyst localization and stage according to a developed confidence scale, and with selection of tests evaluated on a sufficiently high sample size. A QUADAS-2 risk of bias assessment was performed. After screening, 169 records were included for data collection, with 53 records—corresponding to 123 tests- selected for analysis. Absence of data and large data heterogeneity complicated result interpretation. The lentil lectin-bound glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunoelectrotranfser blot seems to fulfill high accuracy standards regarding detection of parenchymal active multiple cysts; also antigen-detecting tests on serum and urine performed well, additionally in detection of extraparenchymal neurocysticercosis. A novel multi-antigen print immunoassay is highly promising, with sensitivity for detection of extraparenchymal and parenchymal active single and multiple cysts of 100.0%, and specificity of 98.5%. Point-of-care tests showed promising results, however require further evaluation in targeted resource-poor settings.

Conclusions/Significance
The review highlights the importance of transparent and unambiguous data reporting. With promising immunological tests in development, the challenge before usage in targeted settings will be to perform large-scale evaluations whilst holding into account both optimized test performance and ease of use. Accessibility to validated tests and feasibility of implementation should also be considered.
Efficacy of combined administration of Baekhogainsam-Tang and low-dose pilocarpine on frequent intractable xerostomia: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kim Su Il , Lee Young Chan , Kim Ji Won , Kim Bo-Hyung , Lee Junhee , Eun Young-Gyu 
Published: November 2024

Background
Intractable xerostomia is defined as the subjective perception of dry mouth and persistent salivary gland hypofunction. Pilocarpine is an approved salivary sialagogue that is frequently prescribed for the treatment of intractable xerostomia; however, it often exhibits more side effects at high-doses and limited effectiveness at low-doses. Baekhogainsam-Tang (BIT) is a common herbal formula used by patients complaining of sore throats and thirst. It seems that BIT can compensate for the insufficient effect of low-dose pilocarpine. However, no clinical trials have studied the efficacy of combined administration of BIT and low-dose pilocarpine for intractable xerostomia. We aim to assess the non-inferior efficacy and fewer side effects of combined administration of BIT and low-dose pilocarpine compared with the administration of high-dose pilocarpine.

Methods
A randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multi-center trial will be conducted. A total of 120 patients with Sjogren’s syndrome having an unstimulated salivary flow rate (SFR) ≤0.1 mL/min or who have undergone radiotherapy to the head and neck with an unstimulated SFR ≤0.25 mL/min will be recruited competitively. They will be randomly allocated to either the experimental or control groups. The experimental group will receive BIT herbal granules three times and pilocarpine (2.5-mg) four times daily; meanwhile, the control group will receive only 5-mg pilocarpine four times daily for 12 weeks. The primary outcome is unstimulated SFR after 12 weeks of treatment. Secondary outcomes are stimulated SFR after 12 weeks of medication, as well as differences and mean percentage changes in unstimulated and stimulated SFR, visual analog scale, salivary scintigraphy, and questionnaires for both oral symptoms and quality of life during the clinical trial. An independent T test or Mann-Whitney U test will be performed to compare values between the two groups. The Paired T test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test will be performed to compare intragroup continuous values.

Conclusion
This trial will be significant evidence on the efficacy and safety of combined use of BIT and low-dose pilocarpine to treat intractable xerostomia.

Clinical trial registration
The Clinical Research Information Service of the Republic of Korea (ISRCTN, KCT0005982). Registered on 10 February 2021.
Characteristics of ocular-related emergency department visits: Five-years data from a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshammari Abdulmohsen , Alqadhy Naif , Gharawi Abdulaziz , Alqahtani Bader , Alagha Saif , AlShenaiber Mohammed , Almalik Fahad , Alshibani Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

Background
Ocular emergencies (OE) include ocular trauma, infections, retinal detachment, and uveitis. Due to the limited number of studies describing ocular emergencies requiring Emergency Department (ED) visits in Saudi Arabia, there is a need for further studies addressing this topic. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and describe the incidence, clinical presentation, and causes of ocular-related ED visits at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study. Medical records were reviewed for all patients (all age groups) patients presenting at the ED from 1 January 2019 to 31 October 2023 where data for patients with any ocular emergency was extracted using an Excel sheet. Data analysis was performed using RStudio (R version 4.3.1). Baseline information was described using frequencies and proportions. Types of Ocular emergencies were described using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) codes and presented using frequencies and proportions. The distribution of ocular emergencies across months and age groups was expressed using chart figures.

Results
A total of 15,321 ocular-related ED visits were included in this study. Almost 51% of patients were males. The mean age at diagnosis was 25.5 ± 22.1 years. More than half of the patients (51.0%) were diagnosed during childhood (<18 years), while proportions of older ages declined gradually. Average presentations of ocular emergencies in a single month ranged from 200 to 400. Conjunctival disorders including conjunctivitis (29.8%) were the most frequent ocular emergencies.

Conclusion
The findings of this study showed that ocular emergencies are more prevalent in younger patients (aged <18 years), more commonly due to conjunctivitis. This highlights the need for policymakers to assess the causes of such emergency in this population and implement prevention strategies. Moreover, an average of 200 to 400 emergency visits per month are ocular-related. This finding could help policymakers understand the burden of ocular emergencies on the ED and the pressure that could add to the ED staff to provide appropriate care for these patients.