bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceramics based on calcium phosphates substituted with magnesium ions for bone regeneration
Authors: Ghițulică Cristina‐Daniela , Cucuruz Andreia , Voicu Georgeta , Cucuruz Andrei T. , Dinescu Sorina , Selaru Aida , Costache Marieta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this study, chemical precipitation methods were used to obtain ceramic materials doped with magnesium ions in order to improve the regeneration properties of materials used for tissue engineering. Two different ratios of magnesium oxide were used to dope the ceramic powder, more precisely 5% and 10%. The synthesized materials were characterized to determine the calcination temperature of the precursor powder by means of thermal analysis; to determine the mineralogical composition, X‐ray diffraction was employed and the scanning electron microscopy was used to determine the microstructure. To make use of these ceramics as biomaterials, viability and proliferation cell tests have been performed. Since synthetic materials have several limitations with regard to medical applications, the materials based on HAp substituted with Mg ions are a promising solution for the regeneration of bone defects because they have a similar bone structure. The presence of Mg in the material proves to be beneficial because this element plays an important role in bone cell regeneration, and more specifically, in stimulating osteoblast proliferation. The materials synthesized in this work present a suitable morphology for uses in bone regeneration because they offer to cells a friendly environment for growth and anchoring.
Adaptation of the dynamic mechanical analysis to determine the gel point during the setting of liquid alkali silicates
Authors: Hopp Vanessa , Sax Almuth , Helmus Dominic , Quirmbach Peter 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe gel point is one of the relevant parameters for the characterization of materials that undergo a sol‐to‐gel‐transition during their setting. A test method for its determination could be the Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, currently used in the field of polymer science. For the first time this measuring principle has been adapted to the group of liquid alkali silicates, thus verifying the possibility to describe their setting process. Three analytical methods for the determination of the gel point were studied with regard to their applicability and consistency for a compound alkali silicate system used as chemical hardener.
Combined effects of natural substances and modified atmosphere packaging on reducing enzymatic browning and postharvest decay of longan fruit
Authors: Khan Muhammad Rafiullah , Chinsirikul Wannee , Sane Amporn , Chonhenchob Vanee 
Published: July 2019

SummaryAn integrated control strategy on preventing pericarp browning (BI) and decay incidence (DI) of longan fruit was investigated to replace sulphur dioxide (SO2) fumigation. Fruit was treated with 5% ascorbic acid (AA), citric acid (CA), oxalic acid (OA), thymol (TH) and 2% chitosan (CH) for 5 min; sealed under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) using high permeable film; and stored at 5 °C. Fruit treated with distilled water and sealed under MAP condition (MAPC) and air condition (AIRC) was used as controls. Combined effects of chemical treatments and MAP maintained quality of longan for 56 and 49 days in CH and TH, respectively, as compared to 28 days in MAPC and 21 days in AIRC. AA, CA and OA prevented BI, restrained enzyme activities and maintained high phenols. AA, CA and OA were most potent BI inhibitors; however, DI was the limitation of these treatments, while CH and TH effectively inhibited DI.
Variations of volatile flavour compounds in Cordyceps militaris chicken soup after enzymolysis pretreatment by SPME combined with GC‐MS, GC × GC‐TOF MS and GC‐IMS
Authors: Zeng Xiaofang , Liu Jialing , Dong Hao , Bai Weidong , Yu Limei , Li Xiaomin 
Published: July 2019

SummaryCordyceps militaris chicken soup has always been one of the most popular Chinese‐style soups due to its high nutritional value and special flavour. In the present work, C. militaris chicken soup was stewed after enzymolysis pretreatment. Several advanced techniques including GC‐MS, GC × GC‐TOF MS and GC‐IMS were utilised to investigate the volatiles of as‐prepared C. militaris chicken soup. GC‐MS and GC  ×GC‐TOF MS analysis indicated that contents and kinds of the main compounds especially aldehydes and esters which have fatty and sweet aroma in C. militaris chicken soup were increased after enzymolysis process. GC‐IMS results demonstrated that some volatile substances in chicken soup disappeared with the addition of C. militaris and concentrations of some volatile substances were increased after enzymolysis process. Enzymolysis pretreatment was confirmed to be an effective way to enhance the soluble protein dissolution rate and volatile flavour compounds of C. militaris chicken soup.
Effect of cold atmospheric plasma on the physicochemical and functional properties of myofibrillar protein from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)
Authors: Miao Wenhua , Nyaisaba Bhoke Marwa , Koddy John Kilian , Chen Meiling , Hatab Shaimaa , Deng Shanggui 
Published: July 2019

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the physicochemical and functional properties of myofibrillar protein isolated from Alaska pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) muscle. Free sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobicity, turbidity, differential scanning calorimetry, SDS‐PAGE, heat‐induced myofibrillar protein gel properties and water holding capacity were determined to evaluate the effect of CAP treatment on protein properties. CAP treatment from 10 to 60 kV for 10 min significantly (P < 0.05) increased the water holding capacity, textural properties and colour properties of heat‐induced myofibrillar protein gel. As treatment voltage increased, free sulfhydryl content decreased significantly, while the turbidity and surface hydrophobicity of myofibrillar protein were increased. DSC data showed enhancement of thermal stability of the treated samples; however, the electrophoretic profile displayed a significant reduction in the band's intensity of protein at a higher voltage. These results suggest that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment could be used as an alternative approach to enhance the gelling properties of myofibrillar protein from Alaska pollock.
The pathological role of Wnt5a in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Tian Faming , Mauro Theodora M. , Li Zhengxiao 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPsoriasis (PsO) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with both local and systemic components. PsO‐associated arthritis, known as psoriatic arthritis (PsA), develops in approximately 13%‐25% of PsO patients. Various factors associated with both PsO and PsA indicate that these conditions are part of a single disease. Identification of novel targets for the development of drugs to treat both PsO and PsA is desirable to provide more patient‐friendly treatment regimens. Such targets will likely represent ‘common checkpoints’ of inflammation, for example key components or transduction cascades of the signalling pathways involved. Emerging evidence supports involvement of the non‐canonical Wnt signalling pathways in the development of both PsO and PsA, especially the Wnt5a‐activated signalling cascades. These, together with interlinked factors, are crucial in the interactions among keratinocytes, immune cells and inflammatory factors in PsO, as well as among chondrocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts that trigger both subchondral bone remodelling and cartilage catabolism in PsA. This review focuses on the pathological role of Wnt5a signalling and its interaction with other interlinked pathways in both PsO and PsA, and also on the main challenges for future research, particularly with respect to molecules targeting Wnt signalling pathways for the treatment of PsO and PsA.
The “pragmatic trial”: An essentially contested concept?
Authors: Pawson Ray 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor over 50 years, clinical research methodology has wrestled with the problem of the lack of correspondence between tests of treatments and applications of treatments. The former comprise of trials featuring scrupulous control of patient eligibility, treatment compliance, clinician expertise, follow‐up intensity, and so on. In applying a validated treatment, the practitioner has to confront considerable real‐world variation in potential patients and in implementation regimes. The remedy, going by the name of “pragmatic trials,” is to conduct clinical trials in conditions corresponding more closely to everyday practice. This solution has proved easier to utter than to execute, and the paper reviews the extensive literature on pragmatic trials, seeking to assess whether it has terminated in clarity or contestation.
Prevention of haze formation in shiro‐shoyu using silica gel
Authors: Kondo Tetsuya , Ishihara Nami , Itoh Tomoyuki , Terao Keigo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn adsorption technique was employed to remove the haze‐causing proteins from shiro‐shoyu, a type of soy sauce. Protein content in shiro‐shoyu was reduced by incubation with silica gel. The removal of protein was dependent on the incubation temperature. At the optimal temperature of 60°C, the protein removal exceeded 80% of the total protein content. SDS‐PAGE pattern analysis of shiro‐shoyu and western blotting analysis with anti‐α‐amylase antibody suggested that the thermal denaturation of proteins and proteolytic degradation by endogenous proteases in shiro‐shoyu facilitated efficient protein adsorption onto silica gel by increasing the hydrophobicity of protein molecules. Physical and chemical properties of the silica gel‐treated shiro‐shoyu were comparable to those of raw shiro‐shoyu except for the decrease in protein content. When stored at 50°C for 7 days, shiro‐shoyu heated for pasteurization after silica gel treatment kept its clarity, whereas shiro‐shoyu heated without silica gel and raw shiro‐shoyu contained sediment.Practical Applications
Shoyu (soy sauce) is a traditional Japanese seasoning brewed from soybeans, wheat, shoyu‐koji mold, and salt water. When raw (unheated) shoyu is heated for pasteurization, it often becomes cloudy and produces sediment during storage. This haze phenomenon, derived from the aggregation of proteins, has led to customer complaints. It has been demonstrated that the haze arising from heating the raw shoyu can be clarified by removing sediments through the addition of flocculating agents such as silica sol. However, this conventional method is not suitable for clarifying heated shiro‐shoyu, which is a type of soy sauce (shoyu) made mainly from wheat. An adsorption technique using silica gel would be a very effective approach for manufacturing clarified shiro‐shoyu. The method would allow shiro‐shoyu to remain clear after pasteurization and prevent any haze or sediment formation during storage.
Effects of chitosan with vegetable oil on shelf life of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) fillets fed on prebiotics
Authors: Yumuk Hurrem , Alak Gonca , Yanik Telat 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this research, effects of chitosan coating of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) fillets containing inulin were determined. Chitosan enriched by vegetable oils (0% Chitosan‐control, 2% acetic acid +Chitosan, 2% sage oil+Chitosan, and 2% mint oil+Chitosan) on shelf life was investigated. In the experiment, fish fillets from the control and the experimental groups were subjected to chemical and microbiological analyses at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of cold storage at 4 ± 1°C.Coating with chitosan enriched with different vegetable oils caused statistically significant effects on microbiological (total aerobic mesophilic, psychrotrophic, lactic acid, Enterobacteriaceae, and Pseudomonas) and chemical parameters (total volatile base–nitrogen and pH) (p < .05), but not on thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values (p > .05).Considering all of the data determined from the present study, it was found that fish fillets coated with chitosan enriched with mint oil gave the best results with respect to shelf life.Practical ApplicationTo use chitosan as coating material in fish processing. To enrich chitosan with vegetable oils for longer shelf life of fillets of brown trout fed on prebiotic, inulin. To report use of mint oil with chitosan as coating substance for the best results in storage of aquatic products.
Crosstalk between Cdk5/p35 and ERK1/2 signalling mediates spinal astrocyte activity via the PPARγ pathway in a rat model of chronic constriction injury
Authors: Zhong Yu , Chen Jialin , Chen Jing , Chen Yanhua , Li Li , Xie Yubo 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe specific mechanisms underlying cyclin‐dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)‐mediated neuropathic pain at the spinal cord level remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of crosstalk between Cdk5/p35 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling in mediating spinal astrocyte activity via the PPARγ pathway in a rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI). Here, we quantified pain behaviour after CCI; detected the localization of p35, Cdk5, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2), phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (pPPARγ), neuronal nuclei (a neuronal marker), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP, an activated astrocyte marker) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (a microglial marker) in the dorsal horn using immunofluorescence; measured the protein levels of Cdk5, p35, pERK1/2, pPPARγ and GFAP using western blot analysis; and gauged the enzyme activity of Cdk5/p35 kinase using a Cdk5/p35 kinase activity assay kit. Tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐6 levels were measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ligation of the right sciatic nerve induced mechanical allodynia; thermal hyperalgesia; and the time‐dependent upregulation of p35, pERK1/2 and GFAP and downregulation of pPPARγ. p35 colocalized with Cdk5, pERK1/2, pPPARγ, neurons and astrocytes but not microglia. Meanwhile, intrathecal injection of the Cdk5 inhibitor roscovitine, the mitogen‐activated ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 and the PPARγ agonist pioglitazone prevented or reversed behavioural allodynia, increased pPPARγ expression, inhibited astrocyte activation and alleviated proinflammatory cytokine (tumour necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) release from activated astrocytes. Furthermore, crosstalk between the Cdk5/p35 and ERK1/2 pathways was observed with CCI. Blockade of either Cdk5/p35 or ERK1/2 inhibited Cdk5 activity. These findings indicate that spinal crosstalk between the Cdk5/p35 and ERK1/2 pathways mediates astrocyte activity via the PPARγ pathway in CCI rats and that targeting this crosstalk could be an effective strategy to attenuate CCI and astrocyte‐derived neuroinflammation.
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A Critical Review of Anti‐Bullying Programs in North American Elementary Schools
Authors: Rawlings Jared R. , Stoddard Sarah A. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDBullying behavior is a concern among school‐aged youth and anti‐bullying programs have been implemented in schools throughout North America. Most anti‐bullying programs are delivered to adolescent youth because antisocial‐aggressive behaviors are typically associated with this developmental stage. This paper is a review of empirically evaluated school‐based bullying prevention and intervention programs in North American elementary schools.METHODSWe conducted a systematic, critical review of bullying prevention programming. Data were analyzed to determine the study method, intervention components, measurement of bullying, aggression, or peer victimization, outcomes measured, and results.RESULTSOur review resulted in the identification of 10 interventions aimed at youth in grades K‐6 enrolled in North American elementary schools. Effective intervention strategies targeted a variety of bullying behaviors using diverse mechanisms and included a school—and community‐wide approach. Direct outcomes of the reviewed evaluations were centered on bullying, aggression, and victimization. Indirect outcomes of review evaluations included strategies for bystanders, school achievement, perceived school safety, and knowledge or attitudes about bullying.CONCLUSIONSRecommendations for promising practices in effective bullying intervention programming are offered. The review concludes with suggestions for supporting school health staff and in‐service teachers drawn from the body of research, and offers direction for future study.
Longitudinal sleep efficiency in the elderly and its association with health
Authors: Didikoglu Altug , Maharani Asri , Tampubolon Gindo , Canal Maria Mercè , Payton Antony , Pendleton Neil 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe relationships between older age and sleep efficiency have traditionally been assessed using cross‐sectional studies that ignore changes within individuals as they age. This research examines the determinants of sleep efficiency, the heterogeneity in an individual's sleep efficiency trajectory across a period of up to 27 years in later life and its associations with health. The University of Manchester Longitudinal Study of Cognition in Normal Healthy Old Age cohort (n = 6,375; age 42–94 years) was used in this study. Depression and health data were collected using self‐report validated instruments (Cornell Medical Index, Beck Depression Inventory and Geriatric Depression Scale). Longitudinal sleep and sociodemographic data were collected using a study‐specific self‐report questionnaire. A mixed‐effect model was performed for sleep efficiency with adjustments for time‐invariant and time‐variant predictors. Latent class analysis was used to demonstrate subgroups of sleep efficiency trajectories and associations between sleep efficiency clusters and health history of the participants were investigated. Older adults have decreased sleep efficiency over time, with 18.6% decline between 40 and 100 years of age. Three sleep efficiency trajectory clusters were identified: high (32%), medium (50%) and low sleep efficiency (18%). Belonging to the high sleep efficiency cluster was associated with having lower prevalence of hypertension, circulatory problems, general arthritis, breathing problems and recurrent episodes of depression compared to the low efficiency cluster. Overall, ageing decreases sleep efficiency. However, there are detectable subgroups of sleep efficiency that are related to prevalence of different diseases.
Cytomegalovirus hepatitis after bone marrow transplantation: An autopsy study with clinical, histologic and laboratory correlates
Authors: McDonald George B. , Sarmiento Juan I. , Rees‐Lui Georgia , Myerson David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMortality from cytomegalovirus disease after marrow transplantation can be reduced by treatment with antiviral drugs based on the detection of viremia and organ involvement. We examined autopsy liver specimens to determine the frequency, extent and outcome of cytomegalovirus hepatitis and whether cytomegalovirus hepatitis occurred in the absence of cytomegalovirus disease elsewhere. Autopsy specimens from 50 transplant patients were evaluated for cytomegalovirus‐infected cells, in five groups of 10, according to extent of CMV during life and at autopsy. Liver sections were examined by routine light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and in situ DNA hybridization. Clinical and laboratory data collected during the last 30 days of life were analysed as markers of liver cytomegalovirus infection. Cytomegalovirus‐infected cells were detected in the livers of 10/10 patients with cytomegalovirus infection during life and widespread cytomegalovirus at autopsy; in 3/20 livers from patients with cytomegalovirus infection during life but negative liver cultures at autopsy; and in 1/10 livers from cytomegalovirus‐seropositive patients who had been without other evidence of cytomegalovirus infection. Histology detected a lower density of cytomegalovirus‐bearing cells per unit area of liver, compared to immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. No cytomegalovirus‐infected cells were detected in livers from cytomegalovirus‐seronegative controls. No distinctive clinical or laboratory findings correlated with liver cytomegalovirus detection. CMV liver disease is common in allografted patients with disseminated CMV but may rarely be isolated to the liver, best demonstrated with IHC and ISH. Massive hepatic necrosis from CMV was not seen in any autopsy liver in this study.
Clinical effect of probiotics in prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in dogs: A systematic review
Authors: Jensen Anders P. , Bjørnvad Charlotte R. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundGastrointestinal diseases are prevalent in dogs, and probiotics could provide safe alternatives to conventional treatments.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effects of probiotics when used in the prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in dogs compared with no treatment, only symptomatic treatment, or conventional treatment.MethodsA systematic review was preformed searching AGRICOLA, AGRIS, CAB Abstracts, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science to identify articles published before April 1, 2017. Selection criteria were original research report, those published in peer reviewed journal, and study investigating in vivo use of probiotic for prevention or treatment of gastrointestinal disease in dogs. Studies were rated based on the level of evidence, and methodological quality was evaluated by the following variables: similarities between groups at baseline, risk of bias, and study group size.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐five studies were identified, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria—12 concerned acute gastrointestinal disease and 5 concerned chronic gastrointestinal disease. The level of evidence ranged between randomized controlled studies and crossover uncontrolled trials; estimated risk of bias was generally moderate to high; and sample sizes were small. Feces consistency was the most frequently evaluated clinical variable.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe current data point toward a very limited and possibly clinically unimportant effect for prevention or treatment of acute gastrointestinal disease. For chronic gastrointestinal disease, dietary intervention remains the major key in treatment, whereas probiotic supplement seems not to add significant improvement. However, studies were often underpowered, underscoring the need for future larger, preferably multicenter studies.
Concrete crack detection using context‐aware deep semantic segmentation network
Authors: Zhang Xinxiang , Rajan Dinesh , Story Brett 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComputer‐vision and deep‐learning techniques are being increasingly applied to inspect, monitor, and assess infrastructure conditions including detection of cracks. Traditional vision‐based methods to detect cracks lack accuracy and generalization to work on complicated infrastructural conditions. This paper presents a novel context‐aware deep convolutional semantic segmentation network to effectively detect cracks in structural infrastructure under various conditions. The proposed method applies a pixel‐wise deep semantic segmentation network to segment the cracks on images with arbitrary sizes without retraining the prediction network. Meanwhile, a context‐aware fusion algorithm that leverages local cross‐state and cross‐space constraints is proposed to fuse the predictions of image patches. This method is evaluated on three datasets: CrackForest Dataset (CFD) and Tomorrows Road Infrastructure Monitoring, Management Dataset (TRIMMD) and a Customized Field Test Dataset (CFTD) and achieves Boundary F1 (BF) score of 0.8234, 0.8252, and 0.7937 under 2‐pixel error tolerance margin in CFD, TRIMMD, and CFTD, respectively. The proposed method advances the state‐of‐the‐art performance of BF score by approximately 2.71% in CFD, 1.47% in TRIMMD, and 4.14% in CFTD. Moreover, the averaged processing time of the proposed system is 0.7 s on a typical desktop with Intel® Quad‐Core™ i7‐7700 CPU@3.6 GHz Processor, 16GB RAM and NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1060 6GB GPU for an image of size 256 × 256 pixels.