bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound: A Satisfactory Noninvasive Procedure for Neck Rejuvenation
Authors: Azuelos Arié , SidAhmed-Mezi Mounia , La Padula Simone , Aboud Celine , Meningaud Jean-Paul , Hersant Barbara 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is an advanced technology that has been developed in response to the growing demand for noninvasive face rejuvenation.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the rejuvenation effects, patient satisfaction, and safety of HIFU treatment of the neck in a European population.

Methods
This was a prospective study of 20 patients. The patients were treated with HIFU, and the outcomes were investigated. The modified FACE-Objective Assessment Scale, developed by our team, and the subjective Investigator Global Improvement Assessment Scale (IGIAS; –1 to 3) were used to judge the results of HIFU. Five blinded evaluators scored the procedure outcomes based on photographs taken before and 6 months after the procedure. Side effects were reported and pain was evaluated on a visual analog scale of 0 to 10.

Results
Clinical results, such as better definition of the cervicomental angle, were observed in the treated areas. The pretreatment and posttreatment evaluation scores for double chin and skin laxity were evaluated by 4 of 5 evaluators as significantly improved. The IGIAS score was between 1 and 5 in 2 patients, between 6 and 10 in 7 patients, and between 11 and 15 in 11 patients. No patients had a score between –5 and 0. No major complications were reported. The mean pain scores for the D4, M7, and S7 transducer treatments were 5.6 (range, 4.5–6.7), 4.2 (range, 2.5–5.9), and 2.05 (range, 1.05–3.05), respectively.

Conclusions
HIFU may be considered a satisfactory, simple, reproducible, rapid, and safe procedure for neck rejuvenation.

Level of Evidence: 4
Developing structural profile matrices for protein secondary structure and solvent accessibility prediction
Authors: Aydin Zafer , Azginoglu Nuh , Bilgin Halil Ibrahim , Celik Mete 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Motivation
Predicting secondary structure and solvent accessibility of proteins are among the essential steps that preclude more elaborate 3D structure prediction tasks. Incorporating class label information contained in templates with known structures has the potential to improve the accuracy of prediction methods. Building a structural profile matrix is one such technique that provides a distribution for class labels at each amino acid position of the target.

Results
In this paper, a new structural profiling technique is proposed that is based on deriving PFAM families and is combined with an existing approach. Cross-validation experiments on two benchmark datasets and at various similarity intervals demonstrate that the proposed profiling strategy performs significantly better than Homolpro, a state-of-the-art method for incorporating template information, as assessed by statistical hypothesis tests.

Availability and implementation
The DSPRED method can be accessed by visiting the PSP server at http://psp.agu.edu.tr. Source code and binaries are freely available at https://github.com/yusufzaferaydin/dspred.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
G-estimation of structural nested mean models for competing risks data using pseudo-observations
Authors: Tanaka Shiro , Brookhart M Alan , Fine Jason P 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThis article provides methods of causal inference for competing risks data. The methods are formulated as structural nested mean models of causal effects directly related to the cumulative incidence function or subdistribution hazard, which reflect the survival experience of a subject in the presence of competing risks. The effect measures include causal risk differences, causal risk ratios, causal subdistribution hazard ratios, and causal effects of time-varying exposures. Inference is implemented by g-estimation using pseudo-observations, a technique to handle censoring. The finite-sample performance of the proposed estimators in simulated datasets and application to time-varying exposures in a cohort study of type 2 diabetes are also presented.
Strangers in Their Own World: Exploring the Relation Between Cultural Practices and the Health of Older Adults in Native Communities in Chile
Authors: Gallardo-Peralta Lorena P , Sánchez-Moreno Esteban , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Vicente 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In recent years, social gerontology has emphasised the concept of cultural diversity with the purpose of understanding how there is a differentiated ageing process in the life pathways of ethnic minorities. This study analyses the implications of Indigenous cultural practices for the health of a cross-sectional sample of 569 Indigenous Chileans (Aymara = 201 and Mapuche = 368) aged sixty and over. Measures were applied for depression, health problems, consumption of medication, cultural practices and resilience. The data analysis consisted of a linear and logistic regression analysis for scores on health-related measures. The results show significant differences amongst the Indigenous groups. Mapuche participants have more depressive symptomatology, more health problems and lower consumption of medication. There are differences in the explanatory variables for mental and physical health, but the results generally confirm that maintaining Indigenous medical practices, being resilient and engaging in intergenerational transmission of Indigenous culture are related with better health. These results suggest the need to incorporate an Indigenist and/or multicultural perspective into anti-oppressive social work practice by designing interventions and policies that help to maintain and perpetuate Indigenous health practices in community spaces.
Synaptic Connectivity and Cortical Maturation Are Promoted by the ω-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid
Authors: Carbone Beatrice E , Abouleish Malik , Watters Katherine E , Vogel Seth , Ribic Adema , Schroeder Olaf H-U , Bader Benjamin M , Biederer Thomas 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBrain development is likely impacted by micronutrients. This is supported by the effects of the ω-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during early neuronal differentiation, when it increases neurite growth. Aiming to delineate DHA roles in postnatal stages, we selected the visual cortex due to its stereotypic maturation. Immunohistochemistry showed that young mice that received dietary DHA from birth exhibited more abundant presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations. DHA also increased density and size of synapses in a dose-dependent manner in cultured neurons. In addition, dendritic arbors of neurons treated with DHA were more complex. In agreement with improved connectivity, DHA enhanced physiological parameters of network maturation in vitro, including bursting strength and oscillatory behavior. Aiming to analyze functional maturation of the cortex, we performed in vivo electrophysiological recordings from awake mice to measure responses to patterned visual inputs. Dietary DHA robustly promoted the developmental increase in visual acuity, without altering light sensitivity. The visual acuity of DHA-supplemented animals continued to improve even after their cortex had matured and DHA abolished the acuity plateau. Our findings show that the ω-3 fatty acid DHA promotes synaptic connectivity and cortical processing. These results provide evidence that micronutrients can support the maturation of neuronal networks.
Sonicating bees demonstrate flexible pollen extraction without instrumental learning
Authors: Switzer Callin M , Russell Avery L , Papaj Daniel R , Combes Stacey A , Hopkins Robin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPollen collection is necessary for bee survival and important for flowering plant reproduction, yet if and how pollen extraction motor routines are modified with experience is largely unknown. Here, we used an automated reward and monitoring system to evaluate modification in a common pollen-extraction routine, floral sonication. Through a series of laboratory experiments with the bumblebee, Bombus impatiens, we examined whether variation in sonication frequency and acceleration is due to instrumental learning based on rewards, a fixed behavioral response to rewards, and/or a mechanical constraint. We first investigated whether bees could learn to adjust their sonication frequency in response to pollen rewards given only for specified frequency ranges and found no evidence of instrumental learning. However, we found that absence versus receipt of a pollen reward did lead to a predictable behavioral response, which depended on bee size. Finally, we found some evidence of mechanical constraints, in that flower mass affected sonication acceleration (but not frequency) through an interaction with bee size. In general, larger bees showed more flexibility in sonication frequency and acceleration, potentially reflecting a size-based constraint on the range over which smaller bees can modify frequency and acceleration. Overall, our results show that although bees did not display instrumental learning of sonication frequency, their sonication motor routine is nevertheless flexible.
PS01.198: THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY FOR ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCY IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
Authors: Fujita Junki , Muroi Hiroto , Nakajima Masanobu , Yamaguchi Satoru , Sasaki Kinro 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Oncologic emergency in esophageal cancer are classified into bleeding, fistula and stenosis. The esophageal cancer infiltrating surrounding organs is inoperable. Although chemoradiotherapy is often used to cure advanced esophageal cancer with invasion to other organs, the prognosis is generally poor. In this study, we investigated and assessed the outcomes of esophageal stent, bypass surgery and salvage surgery in advanced esophageal cancer with aortic invasion, combined with aortic stent-graft.

Methods
24 patients who received esophageal stent, 6 patients who received bypass surgery and 4 patients who underwent salvage surgery at the Dokkyo Medical University Hospital between April 2009 and December 2016 were reviewed retrospectively.

Results
The esophageal stent was performed for stenosis in 15 cases, airway fistula in 4 cases, lung fistula in 4 cases and mediastinal fistula in 1 case. Although oral intake improved in 21/24 cases (87.5%), all stenosis cases achieved to gain oral intake. On the other hand, the bypass surgery group achieved to gain oral intake in all cases. The days required to start oral intake in the stent group were significantly shorter than that of the bypass group (P < 0.05). The same results was obtained in the hospitalization (P < 0.05). In the salvage surgery group, the average operative duration was 580 min (range, 307–825 min), the average blood loss was 543ml (range, 194–914ml) and the average hospitalization was 32days (range, 15–47days). There were no postoperative complications and all cases have been achieved pathological complete response.

Conclusion
Even for advanced esophageal cancer needed intervention immediately, we always have investigate the curability of cancer with secured safety.

Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
PS02.127: PREOPERATIVE CHEMORADIATION IN CARCINOMA OF ESOPHAGUS: A RETROSPECTIVE CLINICAL AUDIT IN A SINGLE RURAL CANCER CENTRE IN INDIA
Authors: Anap Yogesh 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The current standard of care for the treatment of surgically resectable carcinoma of esophagus is preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery. There is strong evidence that this trimodality approach improves survival as compared to surgery alone. We intended to study the feasibility of this approach in a single rural cancer centre in Western India.

Methods
We did the retrospective analysis of consecutively treated patients of resectable carcinoma of esophagus from March 2013 till March 2017. All patients underwent endoscopic evaluation of upper gastro-intestinal tract, biopsy, CT scan of thorax with abdomen and hematological counts for determining fitness for chemotherapy. All biopsy proven, treatment naïve, non metastatic cases of carcinoma of thoracic esophagus and gastro-esophageal region were included in the analysis. All patients underwent neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy. Radiotherapy was given with conformal technique with concomitant chemotherapy either oral capecitabine or injectable paclitaxel and carboplatin or 5FU with cisplatin. Response was evaluated after 4–6 weeks of neoadjuvant therapy with CT scan and patient were subjected for esophagectomy.

Results
One hundred and fifty eight patients were treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy and concomitant chemotherapy. Response to this therapy was assessed by CT scan in 119 patients out of which 70% showed partial response. Esophagectomy was done in seventy patients. Histopathology report revealed complete pathological response [pCR] in 29%. At the median follow up of 36 months, the median survival of the patients who underwent surgery is 15 months as against 7 months for those who did not undergo surgery. Patients with pCR had median survival of 19 months.

Conclusion
The trimodality approach is feasible in rural set up with comparable survival outcomes with literature. The patients who underwent complete pathological response did better than those with partial pathological response. There is concern about drop-out rates after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy due to various reasons; prime being the socio-economic constraints. This audit gave us insight into the strategic selection of the patients for the trimodality approach as well as continuous socioeconomic support throughout the treatment course.

Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.
Variability of Faecal Calprotectin in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: An Observational Case-control Study
Authors: Cremer Anneline , Ku Jade , Amininejad Leila , Bouvry Marie-Rose , Brohet Fabian , Liefferinckx Claire , Devière Jacques , van Gossum André , Smet Julie , Stordeur Patrick , Franchimont Denis 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsSeveral factors have been reported to affect faecal calprotectin [FC] values, and significant variation in FC concentrations has been observed in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] patients. We aimed to evaluate FC variability in IBD patients, and to assess the robustness of a single stool punch.MethodsThis is a single-centre observational case-control study. Disease activity was assessed using endoscopic and clinical activity scores, as well as C-reactive protein levels. Stool samples were collected twice within a 1 to 6 days interval, and FC was measured on punches and homogenates by fluorometric enzyme immunocapture assay.ResultsIn all, 260 stool samples were collected from 120 patients. Intrastool variability was low, with an intraclass correlation coefficient for single measures between three punches from a single stool sample of 0.91, and median coefficient of variation [CV] of 17%. CV of two stool samples a few days apart [intra-individual variability] were significantly higher [p <0.01] with median CV of 36%. FC standard deviations correlated with mean FC levels either for intrastool or for intra-individual variability, with a Spearman’s coefficient of rank correlation of 0.85 and 0.78, respectively [p <0.01]. Disease type, location, activity, and FC levels did not influence variability.ConclusionsA single stool punch is reliable for FC measurement, considering that intrastool variability is low. Intra-individual variability a few days apart is significantly higher. Therefore, decision-making strategies based on single measurements should consider this variability, to determine the minimum optimal variation to be achieved, rather than a cut-off, especially in high FC levels.
Effectiveness of prefabricated myofunctional appliances in the treatment of Class II division 1 malocclusion: a systematic review
Authors: Mohammed Hisham , Čirgić Emina , Rizk Mumen Z , Vandevska-Radunovic Vaska 
Published: March 2019

Summary

Background
Prefabricated myofunctional appliances (PMAs) are widely advocated for correcting Class II division I malocclusion. However, their effectiveness is associated with a high amount of uncertainty within contemporary literature.

Objectives
The aim of this review was to systematically examine the available literature regarding the effectiveness of PMAs in treating Class II division 1 malocclusion in children and adolescents.

Search methods
Comprehensive unrestricted electronic searches in multiple databases as well as manual searches were conducted up to August 2018.

Selection criteria
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRS) matching the eligibility criteria.

Data collection and analysis
Two independent review authors were directly involved in study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the ROBINS-I tool were used for assessing the risk of bias. Quantitative pooling of the data was undertaken with a random-effects model with its 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Three RCTs comparing PMAs to activators and three NRS comparing PMAs to untreated controls met the inclusion criteria. On a short-term basis, exploratory quantitative synthesis indicated that the activators were more effective than the PMAs in correcting overjet with a mean difference of (1.1 mm; 95% CI: 0.44 to 1.77). On a long-term basis, there were no significant differences between the two appliances. Qualitative synthesis indicated less favorable soft tissue changes as well as patient experiences and compliance with the PMAs when compared to the activators. However, PMAs were associated with reduced costs compared to customized activators and modest changes when compared to untreated controls.

Conclusions
On a short-term basis, low quality of evidence suggests that PMAs were generally less effective than the activators in treating Class II division 1 malocclusion. The main advantage of PMAs seems to be their reduced costs. These results should be viewed with caution, as a definitive need for high-quality long-term research into this area is required.

Registration
PROSPERO (CRD42018108564).
Looking on the Bright Side: Aging and the Impact of Emotional Future Simulation on Subsequent Memory
Authors: Devitt Aleea L , Schacter Daniel L 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesWhen younger adults simulated positive future events, subsequent memory is positively biased. In the current studies, we explore age-related changes in the impact of emotional future simulation on subsequent memory.MethodsIn Experiment 1, younger and older adults simulated emotional future events before learning the hypothetical outcome of each event via narratives. Memory was assessed for emotional details contained in those narratives. In Experiment 2, a shorter temporal delay between simulation and narrative encoding was used to reduce decay of simulation memory over time.ResultsFuture simulation did not bias subsequent memory for older adults in Experiment 1. However, older adults performed similar to younger adults in Experiment 2, with more liberal responses to positive information after positive simulation.DiscussionThe impact of an optimistic outlook on subsequent memory is reduced with age, which may be at least partly attributable to declining memory for future simulations over time. This work broadens our understanding of the functional consequences of age-related declines in episodic future simulation and adds to previous work showing reduced benefits of simulation with age on tasks tapping adaptive functions.
Robinow syndrome skeletal phenotypes caused by the WNT5AC83S variant are due to dominant interference with chondrogenesis
Authors: Gignac Sarah J , Hosseini-Farahabadi Sara , Akazawa Takashi , Schuck Nathan J , Fu Katherine , Richman Joy M 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHeterozygous missense mutations in several genes in the WNT5A signaling pathway cause autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome 1 (DRS1). Our objective was to clarify the functional impact of a missense mutation in WNT5A on the skeleton, one of the main affected tissues in RS. We delivered avian replication competent retroviruses (RCAS) containing human wild-type WNT5A (wtWNT5A), WNT5AC83S variant or GFP/AlkPO4 control genes to the chicken embryo limb. Strikingly, WNT5AC83S consistently caused a delay in ossification and bones were more than 50% shorter and 200% wider than controls. In contrast, bone dimensions in wtWNT5A limbs were slightly affected (20% shorter, 25% wider) but ossification occurred on schedule. The dysmorphology of bones was established during cartilage differentiation. Instead of stereotypical stacking of chondrocytes, the WNT5AC83S-infected cartilage was composed of randomly oriented chondrocytes and that had diffuse, rather than concentrated Prickle staining, both signs of disrupted planar cell polarity (PCP) mechanisms. Biochemical assays revealed that C83S variant was able to activate the Jun N-terminal kinase-PCP pathway similar to wtWNT5A; however, the activity of the variant ligand was influenced by receptor availability. Unexpectedly, the C83S change caused a reduction in the amount of protein being synthesized and secreted, compared to wtWNT5A. Thus, in the chicken and human, RS phenotypes are produced from the C83S mutation, even though the variant protein is less abundant than wtWNT5A. We conclude the variant protein has dominant-negative effects on chondrogenesis leading to limb abnormalities.
A Nomogram Combining Fecal Calprotectin Levels and Plasma Cytokine Profiles for Individual Prediction of Postoperative Crohn’s Disease Recurrence
Authors: Cerrillo Elena , Moret Inés , Iborra Marisa , Pamies José , Hervás David , Tortosa Luis , Sáez-González Esteban , Nos Pilar , Beltrán Belén 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
The aims of this study were to characterize the immune response profile in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and early postoperative recurrence (POR), to identify predictive biomarkers, and to develop a noninvasive predictive tool for individual estimation of POR risk.

Methods
Sixty-one patients who had undergone ileocolonic resection for CD were prospectively included and followed up for 24 months. Fecal calprotectin (FC), analytical parameters, and plasma cytokines were obtained before surgery and at various time points during postoperative follow-up. Morphological recurrence was assessed by ileocolonoscopy or magnetic resonance enterography within 6–12 months after surgery. Clinical activity was scored using the Harvey-Bradshaw Index.

Results
Twenty-seven patients (44.3%) had morphological recurrence during follow-up. Fecal calprotectin values were significantly associated with POR risk over time. The receiver operating characteristic curve for FC provided an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 (95% confidence interval, 0.75–0.96), and morphological recurrence was best predicted by FC ≥160 μg/g at 6 months after surgery (85% sensitivity, 70% specificity, 26% predictive positive value, 98% negative predictive value [NPV]). The plasma cytokine profile showed higher presurgery interleukin (IL)-13 plasma levels and higher IL-6 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels at 6 months after surgery in patients with POR compared with patients without recurrence. The combination of FC, IL-6, and IFN-γ values at 6 months gave an AUC of 0.90 for predicting an early recurrence.

Conclusions
FC values <160 μg/g at 6 months have a high NPV to rule out early lesions. Combined values of FC, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels at 6 months postsurgery constitute a prognostic index with a high predictive capacity to assess the risk of early POR.