bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Challenge of Managing the “Third-Space” in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Review of Current Concepts
Authors: Antinolfi Pierluigi , Manfreda Francesco , Placella Giacomo , Teodori Julien , Cerulli Giuliano , Caraffa Auro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the best treatment for advanced knee osteoarthritis and it has proven to be durable and effective. Anterior knee pain (AKP) is still one of the most frequent complications after TKA, but sometimes no recognized macroscopic causes can be found. The correct treatment of patella is considered the key for a proper management of AKP. The inclusion of patellar resurfacing during TKA has been described as a potential method for the reduction of AKP. After surgeons started to resurface the patella, new complications emerged, such as component failure, instability, fracture, tendon rupture, and soft tissue impingement. Patelloplasty has been proposed as a good alternative to resurfacing but whether or not to resurface the patella is still a controversial topic in the literature. Therefore, patellofemoral joint is a complex critical aspect in TKA and choosing between the several options of treatment of patella could not be sufficient. In this review, evidence-based studies do not succeed in resolving this difficult argument. The accurate management of the so-called “third space” should include an accurate assessment of cartilage layers, balance of soft tissue, preoperative anterior tracking, and positioning of the femoral and tibial components. In fact, the selection of suitable implants and adherence to proper surgical technique are the fundamental principles for the success of TKA.
Tomografía computada y resonancia magnética de variantes normales/congénitas de apariencia quística y presentación frecuente en el encéfalo
Authors: Sartori Pablo , Sgarbi Nicolás 
Published: December 2018

ResumenLa presentación de una imagen de apariencia quística durante el estudio del encéfalo constituye un hallazgo incidental cada vez más frecuente, pudiendo encontrarse en el espacio extra o intraaxial. Las mismas pueden ser de naturaleza congénita o adquirida, benigna o maligna, ocupantes de espacio con desplazamiento de la línea media o simplemente presentarse sin efecto compresivo alguno. De localización supra o infratentorial, esas imágenes constituyen un desafío diagnóstico, siendo imprescindible su reconocimiento para no solicitar estudios o tratamientos innecesarios. Valoraremos las imágenes de apariencia quística más frecuentes empleando tomografía computada o imágenes de resonancia magnética.
Outcomes beyond the Third Month of Anticoagulation in Patients Aged >75 Years with a First Episode of Unprovoked Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Iñurrieta Amaia , Pedrajas José , Núñez Manuel , López-Jiménez Luciano , Velo-García Alba , García Juan , Lecumberri Ramón , Jiménez David , Pons Isaac , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: December 2018

Background The ideal duration of anticoagulant therapy in elderly patients with unprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been consistently evaluated.
Methods We used the RIETE (Registro Informatizado Enfermedad TromboEmbólica) registry to compare the rate and severity of pulmonary embolism (PE) recurrences versus major bleeding beyond the third month of anticoagulation in patients >75 years with a first episode of unprovoked VTE.
Results As of September 2017, 7,830 patients were recruited: 5,058 (65%) presented with PE and 2,772 with proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT). During anticoagulant therapy beyond the third month (median, 113 days), 44 patients developed PE recurrences, 36 developed DVT recurrences, 101 had major bleeding, and 241 died (3 died of recurrent PE and 19 of bleeding). The rate of major bleeding was twofold higher than the rate of PE recurrences (2.05 [95% confidence interval, CI: 1.68–2.48] vs. 0.90 [95% CI: 0.66–1.19] events per 100 patient-years) and the rate of fatal bleeding exceeded the rate of fatal PE events (0.38 [95% CI: 0.24–0.58] vs. 0.06 [95% CI: 0.02–0.16] deaths per 100 patient-years). On multivariable analysis, patients who had bled during the first 3 months (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.32; 95% CI: 1.58–11.8) or with anemia at baseline (HR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.24–2.81) were at increased risk for bleeding beyond the third month. Patients initially presenting with PE were at increased risk for PE recurrences (HR: 3.60; 95% CI: 1.28–10.1).
Conclusion Prolonging anticoagulation beyond the third month was associated with more bleeds than PE recurrences. Prior bleeding, anemia, and initial VTE presentation may help decide when to stop therapy.
Epigenetic regulator UHRF1 inactivates REST and growth suppressor gene expression via DNA methylation to promote axon regeneration
Authors: Oh Young Mi , Mahar Marcus , Ewan Eric E. , Leahy Kathleen M. , Zhao Guoyan , Cavalli Valeria 
Published: December 2018

Significance
Functional impairment and poor recovery following central nervous system injury is due to the failure of injured axons to regenerate and rebuild functional connections. In contrast, axon regeneration occurs in injured peripheral nerves. Expression of regeneration-associated genes is essential to activate the axon regeneration program. Less is known about the contribution of gene inactivation. We reveal an epigenetic mechanism that silences gene expression by ubiquitin-like containing PHD ring finger 1 (UHRF1)-dependent DNA methylation to promote axon regeneration. We suggest that the transient increase in the transcriptional regulator REST, controlled by miR-9 and UHRF1, allows neurons to enter a less mature state that favors a regenerative state. These results provide a better understanding of the transient gene regulatory networks employed by peripheral neurons to promote axon regeneration.
SREBP-1a–stimulated lipid synthesis is required for macrophage phagocytosis downstream of TLR4-directed mTORC1
Authors: Lee Jae-Ho , Phelan Peter , Shin Minsang , Oh Byung-Chul , Han Xianlin , Im Seung-Soon , Osborne Timothy F. 
Published: December 2018

SignificanceThere is a growing appreciation for a fundamental connection between lipid metabolism and the innate immune response. Phagocytosis is a key macrophage innate immune response to pathogen exposure, and cytoplasmic membrane expansion is required to surround and capture the target pathogen prior to internalization. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins (SREBPs) are gene regulatory factors that sense the intracellular lipid environment and modulate key genes that drive fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis to maintain lipid homeostasis. In this study, we show that, in mutant cells that lack a key SREBP isoform, phagocytosis is impaired, and we track the defect to altered lipid composition of membrane phospholipids that results in decreased interaction between membrane lipid rafts and the actin cytoskeletal network.
Drug Use and Postoperative Mortality Following Valve Surgery for Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Hall Ryan , Shaughnessy Michael , Boll Griffin , Warner Kenneth , Boucher Helen W , Bannuru Raveendhara R , Wurcel Alysse G 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfective endocarditis (IE) often requires surgical intervention. An increasingly common cause of IE is injection drug use (IDU-IE). There is conflicting evidence on whether postoperative mortality differs between people with IDU-IE and people with IE from etiologies other than injection drug use (non–IDU-IE). In this manuscript, we compare short-term postoperative mortality in IDU-IE vs non–IDU-IE through systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsThe review was conducted according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Publication databases were queried for key terms included in articles up to September 2017. Randomized controlled trials, prospective cohorts, or retrospective cohorts that reported on 30-day mortality or in-hospital/operative mortality following valve surgery and that compared outcomes between IDU-IE and non–IDU-IE were included.ResultsThirteen studies with 1593 patients (n = 341 [21.4%] IDU-IE) were included in the meta-analysis. IDU-IE patients more frequently had tricuspid valve infection, Staphylococcus infection, and heart failure before surgery. Meta-analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in 30-day postsurgical mortality or in-hospital mortality between the 2 groups.ConclusionsDespite differing preoperative clinical characteristics, early postoperative mortality does not differ between IDU-IE and non–IDU-IE patients who undergo valve surgery. Future research on long-term outcomes following valve replacement is needed to identify opportunities for improved healthcare delivery with IDU-IE.
Uncertainties in Screening and Prevention of Group B Streptococcus Disease
Authors: Le Doare Kirsty , Heath Paul T , Plumb Jane , Owen Natalie A , Brocklehurst Peter , Chappell Lucy C 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
In autumn 2016, the UK Department of Health (now Department of Health and Social Care) convened 2 meetings to discuss how to address research evidence gaps in order to minimize the impact of infant group B streptococcus (GBS) disease in the United Kingdom. At that meeting, a number of research priorities were highlighted, including improving the screening for GBS colonization in pregnant women, offering intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis and point-of-care testing, and understanding the effect of widespread intrapartum antibiotic use on long-term infant health. Further discussions involved investigating the feasibility of a large prospective study of pregnant women and their infants in order to understand the role of antibodies in the protection against GBS disease in infancy following maternal exposure to GBS colonization. Here, we summarize the research uncertainties identified at that meeting.
Cardiac adenylyl cyclase overexpression precipitates and aggravates age-related myocardial dysfunction
Authors: Mougenot Nathalie , Mika Delphine , Czibik Gabor , Marcos Elizabeth , Abid Shariq , Houssaini Amal , Vallin Benjamin , Guellich Aziz , Mehel Hind , Sawaki Daigo , Vandecasteele Grégoire , Fischmeister Rodolphe , Hajjar Roger J , Dubois-Randé Jean-Luc , Limon Isabelle , Adnot Serge , Derumeaux Geneviève , Lipskaia Larissa 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Aims
Increase of cardiac cAMP bioavailability and PKA activity through adenylyl-cyclase 8 (AC8) overexpression enhances contractile function in young transgenic mice (AC8TG). Ageing is associated with decline of cardiac contraction partly by the desensitization of β-adrenergic/cAMP signalling. Our objective was to evaluate cardiac cAMP signalling as age increases between 2 months and 12 months and to explore whether increasing the bioavailability of cAMP by overexpression of AC8 could prevent cardiac dysfunction related to age.

Methods and results
Cardiac cAMP pathway and contractile function were evaluated in AC8TG and their non-transgenic littermates (NTG) at 2- and 12 months old. AC8TG demonstrated increased AC8, PDE1, 3B and 4D expression at both ages, resulting in increased phosphodiesterase and PKA activity, and increased phosphorylation of several PKA targets including sarco(endo)plasmic-reticulum-calcium-ATPase (SERCA2a) cofactor phospholamban (PLN) and GSK3α/β a main regulator of hypertrophic growth and ageing. Confocal immunofluorescence revealed that the major phospho-PKA substrates were co-localized with Z-line in 2-month-old NTG but with Z-line interspace in AC8TG, confirming the increase of PKA activity in the compartment of PLN/SERCA2a. In both 12-month-old NTG and AC8TG, PLN and GSK3α/β phosphorylation was increased together with main localization of phospho-PKA substrates in Z-line interspaces. Haemodynamics demonstrated an increased contractile function in 2- and 12-month-old AC8TG, but not in NTG. In contrast, echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) performed in conscious mice unmasked myocardial dysfunction with a decrease of systolic strain rate in both old AC8TG and NTG. In AC8TG TDI showed a reduced strain rate even in 2-month-old animals. Development of age-related cardiac dysfunction was accelerated in AC8TG, leading to heart failure (HF) and premature death. Histological analysis confirmed early cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in AC8TG when compared with NTG.

Conclusion
Our data demonstrated an early and accelerated cardiac remodelling in AC8TG mice, leading to the development of HF and reduced lifespan. Age-related reorganization of cAMP/PKA signalling can accelerate cardiac ageing, partly through GSK3α/β phosphorylation.
Asymptotic preserving discretization of a Jin–Xin model with implicit equilibrium manifold on a bounded domain
Authors: Seguin Nicolas , Tournus Magali 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we design and analyze a numerical scheme that approximates a Jin–Xin linear system with implicit equilibrium on a bounded domain. This scheme relaxes toward the asymptotic limit of the linear system. The main properties of the limiting scheme are that it does not require to invert the implicit function defining the manifold and that it provides an accurate discretization of the boundary conditions.
Household water sharing: a missing link in international health
Authors: Stoler Justin , Brewis Alexandra , Harris Leila M , Wutich Amber , Pearson Amber L , Rosinger Asher Y , Schuster Roseanne C , Young Sera L 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Water insecurity massively undermines health, especially among impoverished and marginalized communities. Emerging evidence shows that household-to-household water sharing is a widespread coping strategy in vulnerable communities. Sharing can buffer households from the deleterious health effects that typically accompany seasonal shortages, interruptions of water services and natural disasters. Conversely, sharing may also increase exposure to pathogens and become burdensome and distressing in times of heightened need. These water sharing systems have been almost invisible within global health research but need to be explored, because they can both support and undermine global public health interventions, planning and policy.
PoGO+ polarimetric constraint on the synchrotron jet emission of Cygnus X-1
Authors: Chauvin Maxime , Florén Hans-Gustav , Jackson Miranda , Kamae Tuneyoshi , Kataoka Jun , Kiss Mózsi , Mikhalev Victor , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Uchida Nagomi , Pearce Mark 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We report a polarimetric constraint on the hard X-ray synchrotron jet emission from the Cygnus X-1 black hole binary system. The observational data were obtained using the PoGO+ hard X-ray polarimeter in 2016 July, when Cygnus X-1 was in the hard state. We have previously reported that emission from an extended corona with a low polarization fraction is dominating, and that the polarization angle is perpendicular to the disc surface. In the soft gamma-ray regime, a highly polarized synchrotron jet is reported with INTEGRAL observations. To constrain the polarization fraction and flux of such a jet component in the hard X-ray regime, we now extend analyses through vector calculations in the Stokes QU plane, where the dominant corona emission and the jet component are considered simultaneously. The presence of another emission component with different polarization angle could partly cancel out the net polarization. The 90 per cent upper limit of the polarization fraction for the additional synchrotron jet component is estimated as &lt;10 per cent, &lt;5 per cent, and &lt;5 per cent for polarization angle perpendicular to the disc surface, parallel to the surface, and aligned with the emission reported by INTEGRAL data, respectively. From the 20–180 keV total flux of 2.6 × 10−8 erg s−1 cm−2, the upper limit of the polarized flux is estimated as &lt; 3 × 10−9 erg s−1 cm−2.
‘The Natural Foundation of Perfect Efficiency’1: Medical Services and the Victorian Post Office
Authors: McIlvenna Kathleen , Brown Douglas H L , Green David R 
Published: December 2018

Summary
This article explores the creation of the Post Office medical service. Working for the Post Office was relatively well-paid and an increasing number of doctors were employed. Medical provision expanded with the introduction of non-contributory pensions from mid-century and developed into a comprehensive and nationwide service that was involved at all stages of employment, from initial recruitment through to receiving a pension. Post Office doctors assessed candidates’ fitness for work, checked on sick absences, provided free medicine and advice and visited workers’ homes. Doctors were responsible for determining whether or not a worker should be pensioned off on grounds of ill health. The career of the first Chief Medical Officer, Dr Waller Lewis, also illustrates the range of other areas in which the Post Office medical service became involved, including the clinical assessment and relief of sickness as well as identifying preventative measures to improve health outcomes.
Acquired autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Vacca Vincent M. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract:
Acquired autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)—the most common form of TTP—is a life-threatening hematologic disease characterized by hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Acquired autoimmune TTP can cause signs and symptoms of neurologic and other organ involvement, with mortality approaching 90% if the disease is not promptly recognized and treated. Since the introduction of plasma exchange in 1991, the acquired autoimmune TTP survival rate has increased to 78%.
Exploring the Role of Regional Anesthesia in the Treatment of the Burn-injured Patient
Authors: Town Cienwen J. , Johnson James , Van Zundert André , Strand Haakan 
Published: December 2018

Objectives:
The review article was designed to assess the effectiveness of regional anesthesia (RA), specifically peripheral nerve blocks, in the treatment of burn pain; with noting of clinical indications and contraindications for peripheral nerve block application, along with discussion of evidence-based analgesic strategies for providing improved, comprehensive burn pain management.

Materials and Methods:
A search of relevant literature was performed using CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and SCOPUS with a publication date between January 2005 and December 2017.

Results:
The search yielded 10 results that met criteria. Two randomized control trials were included, though they focused on analgesia for donor-site pain only, 1 clinical trial, 2 case series, 2 retrospective audit, 1 burn protocol, and 2 review articles.

Discussion:
RA techniques are an adjunct therapy currently used worldwide to improve patient pain outcomes and reduce the adverse effects associated with general anesthetic. RA presents a safe and effective intervention for acute pain resulting from burn-acquired injury. This review of current literature supports the use of RA as a treatment to manage pain associated with burn-related care procedures as an addition to multimodal pain treatment. To date there is limited evidence showing the use of RA in the burns’ patient population. In addition, there appear to be no particular risks to using the technique of RA in this group. Further prospective studies are required to provide information about the benefits and limitations of RA.
Postactivated B cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: update on translational aspects and therapeutic considerations
Authors: Schrezenmeier Eva , Weißenberg Sarah Y. , Stefanski Ana-Luisa , Szelinski Franziska , Wiedemann Annika , Lino Andreia C. , Dörner Thomas 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes recent insights and current understanding of the role of postactivated B cells in SLE and related pathogenic and potential therapeutic implications.Recent findingB cells are considered key players in SLE and experience from various B-cell-targeted therapies underlines their clinical relevance. In the last years, new insights have been obtained on B-cell abnormalities within the complex pathophysiology of SLE. These insights involve a revised understanding of BCR signaling, that has been reported to be hyperresponsive in the past, but newer studies suggest a postactivation functiotype in terms of reduced BCR and TLR signaling. Despite comprehensive efforts to delineate B-cell abnormalities on assessing large-scale genomic, epigenomic and proteomic data, understanding functional impairments of cellular interactions and subcellular functions remains crucial. A recently identified enhanced protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity was found in relation to diminished BCR responses in SLE. This finding together with reduced cytokine production upon TLR9 activation appears to mark postactivated lupus B cells. Other studies identified increased PTP activity in line with a gain-of-function mutation of phosphatase PTPN22, one of the strongest SLE risk alleles. Improved understanding of these B cell abnormalities in SLE holds promise to gain further insights in mechanisms of autoimmunity and pave the way for selective therapies targeting key principles of chronic autoimmunity.SummarySLE B cells (similar as previously described for lupus T cells) are characterized by a postactivation (exhausted) functiotype mandating consideration for innovative therapies.
What Factors Predict the Risk of Proximal Junctional Failure in the Long Term, Demographic, Surgical, or Radiographic?
Authors: Yang Jingyan , Khalifé Marc , Lafage Renaud , Kim Han Jo , Smith Justin , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Burton Douglas C. , Ames Christopher P. , Mundis Gregory M. , Hostin Richard , Bess Shay , Klineberg Eric O. , Hart Robert A. A , Schwab Frank J. , Lafage Virginie 
Published: December 2018

Study Design.
Retrospective review of prospective multicenter database.

Objective.
To identify an optimal set of factors predicting the risk of proximal junctional failure (PJF) while taking the time dependency of PJF and those factors into account.

Summary of Background Data.
Surgical correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD) can be complex and therefore, may come with high revision rates due to PJF.

Methods.
Seven hundred sixty-three operative ASD patients with a minimum of 1-year follow-up were included. PJF was defined as any type of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) requiring revision surgery. Time-dependent ROC curves were estimated with corresponding Cox proportional hazard models. The predictive abilities of demographic, surgical, radiographic parameters, and their possible combinations were assessed sequentially. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate models’ performance.

Results.
PJF occurred in 42 patients (6%), with a median time to revision of approximately 1 year. Larger preoperative pelvic tilt (PT) (hazard ratio [HR]=1.044, P = 0.034) significantly increased the risk of PJF. With respect to changes in the radiographic parameters at 6-week postsurgery, larger differences in pelvic incidence-lumbar lordosis (PI-LL) mismatch (HR = 0.924, P = 0.002) decreased risk of PJF. The combination of demographic, surgical, and radiographic parameters has the best predictive ability for the occurrence of PJF (AUC = 0.863), followed by demographic along with radiographic parameters (AUC = 0.859). Both models’ predictive ability was preserved over time.

Conclusions.
Over correction increased the risk of PJF. Radiographic along with demographic parameters have shown the approximately equivalent predictive ability for PJF over time as with the addition of surgical parameters. Radiographic rather than surgical factors may be of particular importance in predicting the development of PJF over time. These results set the groundwork for risk stratification and corresponding prophylactic interventions for patients undergoing ASD surgery.

Level of Evidence: 4