bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil fungi underlie a phylogenetic pattern in plant growth responses to nitrogen enrichment
Authors: Wooliver Rachel C. , Senior John K. , Potts Brad M. , Van Nuland Michael E. , Bailey Joseph K. , Schweitzer Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Under increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition, some plant species will thrive while others will not. Previous work has shown that plant phylogeny can predict these responses, and that interactions with mycorrhizal fungi are a mechanism that drives variation in plant responses to N enrichment. Yet, much of this work has ignored the roles of other root‐associated fungi and whole soil fungal communities in driving these responses.

We tested whether soil fungi mediate responses of plant growth and plant–soil feedbacks (between close and distant plant relatives) to N enrichment by implementing a greenhouse experiment in which we applied factorial treatments of N fertilization, host‐specific soil inocula and fungicide to 15 eucalypt tree species that co‐occur on the island state of Tasmania, Australia, and form two phylogenetic lineages within the subgenus Symphyomyrtus.

Conspecific‐conditioned soil fungi enhanced growth responses to N enrichment for plants within one lineage (lineage 1) but depressed growth responses to N enrichment for plants within another lineage (lineage 2). Lineage‐specific shifts in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) colonization were consistent with previous evidence that more vs. less successful strategies under N enrichment are those where carbon allocation to mycorrhizal fungi is reduced vs. maintained, respectively. The latter was also accompanied by a stronger reduction in root colonization of non‐filamentous fungi (of unknown function) under N enrichment. Plant–soil feedbacks were neutral for lineage 1 but negative for lineage 2 (i.e. greater growth in soils conditioned by opposite vs. same lineage individuals), but were not altered by N enrichment or fungicide. Lineage‐level differences in root colonization suggest that these feedbacks could be driven by differential plant responsiveness to dark septate endophytes and non‐filamentous fungi, the colonization of which seemed to benefit plant growth.

Synthesis: Our results confirm that interactions with soil fungi (ECM fungi, in particular) underlie phylogenetic patterns in tree species' growth responses to N enrichment and may, thus, influence which plants win or lose under future N deposition scenarios. Yet, we provide some of the first evidence (albeit from controlled rather than natural conditions) that N deposition may not play a strong role in shifting plant–soil feedbacks.
Ability of the endangered species Papaver fauriei to produce hybrids with a cultivated poppy (Papaver sp.)
Authors: Yamagishi Masumi , Onuma Hiroki , Kondo Tetsuya , Kosugi Kazuki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPapaver fauriei is an endemic and endangered species that grows only on the gravelly alpine slopes of Mt. Rishiri, Japan. Cultivated poppy (Papaver sp.), the species name of which is unknown, has been introduced to the natural habitats of P. fauriei through human activities. Because the appearance and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of these two poppies are highly similar, it is of concern that they could produce hybrids in their natural habitats. Thus, first, the ability of these two poppies to produce hybrids was analyzed by artificial fertilization in this study. A large number of seeds were produced by reciprocal crosses between P. fauriei and the cultivated poppy, comparable with the number of seeds obtained by self‐ or cross‐fertilization of P. fauriei or the cultivated poppy. In addition, high germination was observed for seeds obtained from crosses between the two poppies, and deleterious phenotypes, such as albinism and dwarfism, were not detected in the F1 generation. These results indicate that after pollination, there is no reproductive isolation between the two poppies. Second, we sequenced the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of 240 poppy individuals collected from the gravelly alpine slopes of Mt. Rishiri, and 66 showed the sequence of P. fauriei, whereas 174 showed the sequence of the cultivated poppy. However, the ITS sequence that confirms hybridism between the two poppies was not detected in these individuals, indicating that hybridization of P. fauriei and the cultivated poppy rarely occurs under natural conditions. Unknown mechanism(s) appear to prevent cross‐pollination between the two poppies.
Breaking Bad News: Penal Populism, Tabloid Adversarialism and Brexit
Authors: Greer Chris , Mclaughlin Eugene 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article analyses the role that British conservative tabloid newspapers play in promoting penal populism and delegitimising liberal prison reform initiatives. Principally, we consider how different sections of the British press reacted to the then Prime Minister David Cameron's prison reform speech of 8 February 2016. The analysis illustrates how different newspapers cohered around two diametrically opposing interpretations of the scandalous state of the prison system, reflecting distinctive penal philosophies and moral positions. In the context of penal populism and the populist furies unleashed by the Brexit campaign, the central research finding is that the comparatively passive and equivocal support offered by the broadsheets was no match for the vitriolic attack mounted by the conservative tabloids on the ‘soft justice’ parts of Cameron's prison reform agenda. We conclude by arguing that the stark lesson to be learned is that the scandal‐ridden prison is a particularly toxic issue marked by serial policy failure. Consequently, in a febrile, intermediatised penal populist context, why would any political leader take on the manifest risks associated with embarking on liberal prison reform?
Conceptualising women's motivations for social egg freezing and experience of reproductive delay
Authors: Baldwin Kylie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAs the average age of motherhood in many Western countries continues to rise, the spectacle of the older mother and the trend towards delayed childbearing has been the subject of much public debate and interest. Concurrent to this trend has been the development and use of a new form of fertility preservation – social egg freezing – a technology which by its very nature is meant to enable reproductive delay. Whilst previous studies have been able to provide insights into the complex and often interrelating structural, economic, and relational factors shaping the timing of motherhood, and in some cases women's use of social egg freezing, fewer studies have clearly demonstrated the way these factors themselves, as well as the accounts of individual women, can be seen as being shaped by ideological and discursive forces. Drawing on interviews with 31 users of social egg freezing this article will demonstrate how women's accounts of reproductive delay and use of egg freezing technology can be seen as being shaped by neoliberal rationality, heteronormativity, discourses of ‘appropriate parenting’ and gendered ideologies of parenthood.
Probing the Syntax of a Problematic Particle: Old French ‘si’ Revisited
Authors: Wolfe Sam 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis article presents the findings of a corpus analysis of seven Old French texts to better understand the syntax of the particlesi. It is argued that the texts display clear evidence of synchronic and diachronic variation, much of which has not been noted in the literature. A diachronic grammaticalisation pathway is proposed forsifrom a temporal deictic adverb to a Topic continuity marker and then to a FinP expletive which undergoes upwards reanalysis as a ForceP expletive.
Identifying Key Flavors in Strawberries Driving Liking via Internal and External Preference Mapping
Authors: Oliver Penelope , Cicerale Sara , Pang Edwin , Keast Russell 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAustralian consumers desire the development of a more flavorsome Australian strawberry cultivar. To aid in the development of well‐liked strawberries, the attributes driving liking need to be identified. The objective of this research is to apply Preference Mapping (PM) techniques to the descriptive profile of commercial and newly bred strawberry cultivars, together with consumer preference data to determine the flavors contributing to liking. A trained sensory panel (n = 12) used Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA®) methodology to evaluate two appearance, seven aroma, five texture, 10 flavor and 10 aftertaste attributes of three commercial strawberry cultivars and six elite breeding lines grown in Victoria, Australia. Strawberry consumers (n = 150) assessed their liking of the same strawberry cultivars. QDA® significantly discriminated strawberries on 28 of the 34 sensory attributes. There were significant differences in hedonic ratings of strawberries (F(8,714) = 11.5, P = 0.0001), with Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) identifying three consumer clusters each displaying differing patterns of preference. Internal and external PM techniques were applied to the data to identify the attributes driving consumer acceptability. Sweet, berry, caramel, fruity and floral attributes were identified as most contributing to liking. Sour, citrus, green, astringent, firm and gritty attributes were conversely associated with a reduction in consumer liking. Elite Lines 2 and 6 have been identified as having the broadest appeal, satisfying between 60% and 70% of consumers in the population assessed, thus the introduction of these cultivars should satisfy the largest group of consumers in the Australian market.Practical ApplicationThe results of this research could be applied to breeding programs, to ensure newly bred cultivars express characteristics that were identified as well‐liked amongst consumers. In addition, this research provides evidence for marketing strawberries by cultivar, to assist consumers in identifying those strawberries for which they have a preference.
Ohmic Heating Assisted Lye Peeling of Pears
Authors: Gupta Sarvesh , Sastry Sudhir K. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCurrently, high concentrations (15% to 18%) of lye (sodium hydroxide) are used in peeling pears, constituting a wastewater handling and disposal problem for fruit processors. In this study, the effect of ohmic heating on lye peeling of pears was investigated. Pears were peeled using 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% NaOH under different electric field strengths at two run times and their peeled yields were compared to that obtained at 2% and 18% NaOH with conventional heating. Results revealed that ohmic heating results in greater than 95% peeled yields and the best peel quality at much lower concentrations of lye (2% NaOH at 532 V/m and 3% NaOH at 426 and 479 V/m) than those obtained under conventional heating conditions. Treatment times of 30 and 60 s showed no significant differences. Within the studied range, the effects of increasing field strength yielded no significant additional benefits. These results confirm that the concentration of lye can be significantly lowered in the presence of ohmic heating to achieve high peeled yields and quality.Practical ApplicationOur work shows that lye concentrations can be greatly reduced while peeling pears, resulting in significant savings in use of caustic chemicals, reduced costs for effluent treatment and waste disposal.
Habitat structure modifies microclimate: An approach for mapping fine‐scale thermal refuge
Authors: Milling Charlotte R. , Rachlow Janet L. , Olsoy Peter J. , Chappell Mark A. , Johnson Timothy R. , Forbey Jennifer S. , Shipley Lisa A. , Thornton Daniel H. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Contemporary techniques predicting habitat suitability under climate change projections often underestimate availability of thermal refuges. Habitat structure contributes to thermal heterogeneity at a variety of spatial scales, but quantifying microclimates at organism‐relevant resolutions remains a challenge. Landscapes that appear homogeneous at large scales may offer patchily distributed thermal refuges at finer scales.

We quantified the relationship between vegetation structure and the thermal environment at a scale relevant to small, terrestrial animals using a new approach for mapping fine‐scale thermal heterogeneity. We expected that vegetation would create attenuated microclimates and that the influence of vegetation structure would vary seasonally. We measured shrub volume, horizontal cover and operative temperature (Te) in a sagebrush‐steppe habitat in Idaho, USA, at 534 microsites across two study sites of c. 1 km2 each. We modelled relationships between habitat structure and both mean daily maximum temperature () and mean diurnal temperature range () for each study site during summer and winter. Aerial imagery from unmanned aerial systems was used to estimate shrub volume and canopy cover at 1‐m resolution, and we applied the best fit model to map thermal heterogeneity across broader extents.

Increasing shrub volume and cover was associated with lower and , but strengths of the relationships differed between study sites. There was considerable heterogeneity in availability of thermal refuges across sagebrush‐steppe rangelands that have traditionally been considered relatively homogeneous.

This technique can help ecologists and land managers identify critical thermal refuges that large‐scale climate modelling can overlook and thus contribute to an understanding of animal–habitat relationships under changing climates and land uses.
Out‐of‐hours intensive care unit admission and 90‐day mortality: a Danish nationwide cohort study
Authors: Buck D. L. , Christiansen C. F. , Christensen S. , Møller M. H. ,   the Danish Intensive Care Database
Published: March 2018

BackgroundMortality rates in critically ill adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) remains high, and numerous patient‐ and disease‐related adverse prognostic factors have been identified. In recent years, studies in a variety of emergency conditions suggested that outcome is dependent on the time of hospital admission. The importance of out‐of‐hours admission to the ICU has been sparsely evaluated and with ambiguous findings. We assessed the association between out‐of‐hours (16:00 to 07:00) and weekend admission to the ICU, respectively, and 90‐day mortality in a nationwide cohort.MethodsWe included all Danish adult patients admitted to the ICU between 1 January 2011 and 30 June 2014, with an ICU stay > 24 h. The crude and adjusted association between out‐of‐hours and weekend admission and 90‐day mortality was assessed (odds ratio (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)).ResultsA total of 44,797 patients were included, 53.3% were admitted out‐of‐hours, and 22.6% during weekends. Median age was 67 years (interquartile range (IQR) 55–76), and median SAPS II was 42 (IQR 30–54). Patients admitted in‐hours vs. out‐of‐hours displayed a 90‐day mortality rate of 41.0% vs. 44.2%. The adjusted association (OR with 95% CI) between out‐of‐hours admission and 90‐day mortality was 1.07 (1.02–1.11), and the adjusted association (OR with 95% CI) between weekend admission and 90‐day mortality was 1.10 (1.05–1.15).ConclusionThis nationwide study suggests that critically ill adult patients admitted to the ICU during weekends and out‐of‐hours, and with an ICU stay > 24 h are at slightly increased risk of mortality.
Are Internet message boards used to facilitate stock price manipulation? Evidence from an emerging market, Thailand
Authors: Laksomya Nattapong , Powell John G. , Tanthanongsakkun Suparatana , Treepongkaruna Sirimon 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe impact of messages posted on the top three financial discussion boards in Thailand is investigated using an event study approach. Heightened message board posting activity for small firms is associated with a strong pre‐event share price run‐up over many days and a partial post‐event return reversal, consistent with manipulative activity whereby traders sometimes ‘talk up’ small‐firm prospects on message boards and then dump them. Close to 90 percent of the price falls associated with bad discussion board news get reversed within 75 days, consistent with short sellers utilising heightened self‐serving message board activity when targeting companies for short selling.
Madagaphes gen. nov. for Madagascan species misplaced in Stenichnaphes Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: Jałoszyński Paweł 
Published: March 2018

AbstractExamination of Madagascan species placed in Stenichnaphes (Scydmaeninae) revealed remarkable differences in thoracic and male genital structures in relation to the type species of this genus, described from New Zealand. Results of comparative study of similar glandulariine genera (all sharing the submentum laterally demarcated by sutures) strongly support a separate placement of the Madagascan species: Madagaphes gen. nov. is proposed, resulting in Madagaphes madagassicus (Franz) comb. nov. (type species of Madagaphes), Madagaphes sakarahanus (Franz) comb. nov. and Madagaphes similis (Franz) comb. nov. All these species are redescribed to facilitate identifications.
Analysis of sports‐relevant polymorphisms in a large Brazilian cohort of top‐level athletes
Authors: Guilherme João Paulo Limongi França , Bertuzzi Rômulo , Lima‐Silva Adriano Eduardo , Pereira Alexandre da Costa , Lancha Junior Antonio Herbert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn recent years, there have been an increasing number of genetic variants associated with athletic phenotypes. Here, we selected a set of sports‐relevant polymorphisms that have been previously suggested as genetic markers for human physical performance, and we examined their association with athletic status in a large cohort of Brazilians. We evaluated a sample of 1,622 individuals, in which 966 were nonathletes, and 656 were athletes: 328 endurance athletes and 328 power athletes. Only theAGTM268T minor allele was nominally associated with the endurance status. Conversely, we found that seven polymorphisms are more frequent in power athletes (MCT1D490E,AGTM268T,PPARGP12A,PGC1AG482S,VEGFR2Q472H,NOS3C/T, andACTN3R577X). For all of these polymorphisms, power athletes were more likely than nonathletes or endurance athletes to carry the major allele or the homozygous genotype for the major allele. In particular,MCT1D490E,AGTM268T,NOS3C/T, andACTN3R577X showed stronger associations. Our findings support a role for these variants in the achievement of power athletic status in Brazilians:MCT1D490E (T allele),AGTM268T (G allele),PPARG(C allele),PGC1AG482S (C allele),VEGFR2Q472H (T allele),NOS3C/T (T allele), andACTN3R577X (R allele).
e‐Screening revolution: A novel approach to developing a delirium screening tool in the intensive care unit
Authors: Eeles Eamonn , Gunn Hayley , Sutt Anna‐Liisa , Pinsker Donna , Flaws Dylan , Jarrett Paul , Lye India , Fraser John F 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesDelirium is common in the intensive care unit (ICU), often affecting older patients. A bedside electronic tool has the potential to revolutionise delirium screening. Our group describe a novel approach to the design and development of delirium screening questions for the express purpose of use within an electronic device. Preliminary results are presented.MethodsOur group designed a series of tests which targeted the clinical criteria for delirium according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fifth Edition (DSM‐5) criteria against predefined requirements, including applicability to older patients.ResultsCandidate questions, including tests of attention and awareness, were devised and then refined by an expert multidisciplinary group, including geriatricians. A scoring scheme was constructed, with testing to failure an indicator of delirium. The device was tested in healthy controls, aged 20–80 years, who were recorded as being without delirium.Conclusione‐Screening for delirium requires a novel approach to instrument design but may revolutionise recognition of delirium in ICU.
Adipose‐derived stem cells improve erectile function partially through the secretion of IGF‐1, bFGF, and VEGF in aged rats
Authors: Yang J. , Zhang Y. , Zang G. , Wang T. , Yu Z. , Wang S. , Tang Z. , Liu J. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAdipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have recently been considered as a promising therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the mechanism of ADSC‐based therapy is unclear. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secreted by ADSCs were assessed in vitro. Sixteen 24‐month‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats were used for comparative analysis of 2‐week treatment with labeled ADSCs or PBS. Eight additional 5‐month‐old rats were used as a young rat group. At 2 weeks post‐transplantation, all rats were analyzed for erectile function, cavernous IGF‐1, bFGF and VEGF levels, and penile histology. Conditioned medium and co‐culture systems were used in cell experiments to detect how growth factors act on corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) under oxidative stress conditions via crystal violet staining and immunofluorescence staining. We found that ADSCs secreted significantly higher IGF‐1, bFGF, and VEGF levels in culture medium compared with basal medium. Compared with young rats, untreated aged rats had significantly lower Max ICP/MAP and ADSC treatment significantly increased the ratio. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated a small number of labeled ADSCs in the corpus cavernosum. The untreated aged rats showed significantly decreased cavernous IGF‐1, bFGF, and VEGF levels and significantly decreased contents of cavernous smooth muscle and endothelium compared with young rats. ADSC treatment partially normalized these alterations. In cell experiments, the groups receiving growth factor neutralizing antibody separately or combined had significantly decreased numbers of CCSMCs compared with control groups. These results indicated that ADSC treatment may improve aging‐related ED partially through the secretion of IGF‐1, bFGF, and VEGF.
Sertoli cells for cell transplantation: pre‐clinical studies and future perspectives
Authors: Luca G. , Arato I. , Sorci G. , Cameron D. F. , Hansen B. C. , Baroni T. , Donato R. , White D. G. J. , Calafiore R. 
Published: March 2018

SummarySertoli cells are located in the testes where they control several key functions in spermatogenesis. Over the past 30 years, Sertoli cells have been upgraded from a simple scaffold‐like structural system to a dynamic functional system of intercellular support that delivers potent immunomodulatory and trophic factors. Since the discovery of new Sertoli cell secretory products, these cells have been utilized in experimental cell transplantation and co‐transplantation protocols aimed at treating both chronic inflammatory and degenerative disorders. For these reasons, this work reviews the application of both naked and microencapsulated Sertoli cells used in cell transplantation studies of several chronic or autoimmune diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Laron dwarfism, and Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in studies aimed at the prevention of skin allograft rejection.