bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experience of change in a Prison Therapeutic Community: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Ross Gareth Edward , Auty Jonathan Michael 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Democratic Therapeutic Communities (TCs) provide an environment for offenders to work on longstanding emotional and relational problems and address their offending behaviour. The purpose of this paper is to explore the experience of making psychological changes on a TC from the perspective of residents.

Design/methodology/approach
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore the experience of five former residents of the TC at HMP Gartree.

Findings
Four main themes emerged, each with two sub-themes: Motivation to Change (sub-themes: Engagement, Determination); Environment (sub-themes: Boundaries, Experience of care); Removal of Masks (sub-themes: Embracing vulnerability, Emerging authenticity) and Relationships (sub-themes: Re-enacting the past, Challenge from peers). Findings are discussed in relation to existing literature.

Research limitations/implications
Understanding service users perspectives on what helps facilitate change can help staff empathise with their experiences and strengthen their relationships. The importance of clear and consistent boundaries that are perceived as fair and the development of meaningful relationships with staff in creating an atmosphere that enables change has implications for other therapeutic or supportive environments. This research represents the experiences of five participants who were motivated to take part and comfortable to speak to a professional about their experiences. As such, generalisations about the wider TC population should be made cautiously and further research would be beneficial.

Originality/value
The research adds to the underrepresented area of service user perspectives in a forensic TC. It contributes a rich account of the experience of psychological change that can help staff working in TCs understand and relate to their residents experiences.
Epidemiological and clinical features of rosacea in Korea: A multicenter cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lee Jee‐Bum , Moon Jungyoon , Moon Ki‐Rang , Yang Ji Hoon , Kye Young Chul , Kim Kwang Joong , Kim Nack In , Ro Young Suck , Park Kui Young , Park Mi Youn , Song Margaret , Ahn Kyu Joong , Ahn Hyo Hyun , Lee Mi Woo , Lee Weon Ju , Choi Yu Sung , Choi You Won , Kwon Hyuck Hoon , Suh Dae Hun 
Published: March 2018

AbstractRosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition. Although several epidemiological and etiologic studies with large sample sizes have been conducted on Caucasians, such data regarding Asian populations are lacking. A total of 580 patients diagnosed with rosacea were enrolled from October 2014 to February 2015 at 14 general hospitals. Questionnaires, including the standard classification and grading system, were used for evaluation. The average age of the patients was 47.9 years. While 83.8% of patients revealed a single subtype, 16.2% of patients revealed mixed subtypes showing two or more subtypes simultaneously. Erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) was the most prevalent subtype. ETR combined with papulopustular rosacea showed the highest proportion in the mixed subtype group. Mild severity was revealed in 71.9% of patients. The most common aggravating factor was emotional changes (51.7%), followed by stress (48.4%). Approximately half of the patients (47.4%) showed relatively low awareness of rosacea. By identifying the epidemiological and etiologic features in Korea, we can suggest valuable clinical avenues for research, education and awareness among rosacea patients.
Drone‐based structure‐from‐motion photogrammetry captures grassland sward height variability
Authors: Forsmoo Joel , Anderson Karen , Macleod Christopher J. A. , Wilkinson Mark E. , Brazier Richard 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

Grasslands deliver a range of ecosystem services, including the provision of food and biodiversity, and regulation of soil carbon storage and hydrology. Monitoring schemes are needed to quantify spatial changes in these multiple functions alongside ecosystem degradation. Sward height is widely recognised as a key spatial variable in the provision of these services. Current manual monitoring approaches are labour intensive, and often fail to capture spatial patterns of important features, including sward height.

Proximal sensing from small aerial drones carrying lightweight cameras can be transformed into surface height models using image‐based structure‐from‐motion and Multi‐View Stereo‐based approaches; this presents a new opportunity for monitoring the spatial structure of grassland sward height. We combined aerial photographs with field survey data and an open‐source image‐based modelling‐processing workflow to generate sward height measurements for a field comprising mainly Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) and Trifolium pratense (red clover). We compared the derived measurements with in situ data captured on the same day using traditional agronomic sward height techniques to determine the quality of the drone‐derived surface model product for sward characterisation.

The SfM and Multi‐View Stereo‐based surface model had a mean absolute sward height measurement error of between 3.7 and 4.2 cm. To produce field observations with equivalent quality would require up to 550 sward height measurements for the study site (area: 8,059 m2), which is not feasible over larger extents required for conservation of key species or agronomic purposes.

Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate how the collection of precise and detailed information on the spatial structure of grasslands can be made over management‐relevant extents. Aerial digital photographs can be transformed into surface models using an image‐based modelling approach: structure‐from‐motion and Multi‐View Stereo techniques. Image‐based measurements of sward heights were compared with manual sward height data captured on the same day. This novel source of vegetation spatial information could improve sward management for conservation and agronomy applications. The approach supports frequent surveys, at user‐controlled revisit times, and delivers data for spatial monitoring of key grassland functions and services.
Lichens: A limit to peat growth?
Authors: Harris Lorna I. , Moore Tim R. , Roulet Nigel T. , Pinsonneault Andrew J. 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

The fruticose lichens Cladina stellaris and Cladina rangiferina, form thick mats that can cover large areas of northern peatlands (above c. 50° latitude), including the extensive peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowland (HBL) in Canada, where lichens may cover up to 50% of the landscape. Despite the abundance of lichens in northern peatlands, our understanding of their role within peatland ecosystems, and peat accumulation in particular, is limited.

We investigate the potential effect of these mat‐forming lichens on peat production and decomposition processes, using field data from an ombrogenous bog in the HBL and laboratory analyses. We hypothesize that (a) production in lichen‐shrub hummocks is less than in Sphagnum‐shrub hummocks; (b) the decay of lichen litter is faster than that of Sphagnum moss, so the mass litter input to the peat profile is reduced; and (c) faster decomposition of the underlying peat is stimulated by lichen leachates, resulting in greater mass loss.

We found that thick lichen mats alter vegetation composition in peatlands, reducing Sphagnum cover and inhibiting the growth of small shrubs. Coupled with low lichen productivity that is constrained by moisture conditions, production for lichen‐shrub hummocks is significantly smaller than for Sphagnum‐shrub hummocks, confirming hypothesis (a). Our data also support hypothesis (b), with chemical analyses of lichen mats and leachates from lichen mats indicating faster decay of lichens compared to Sphagnum moss, and therefore reduced mass litter input to the peat profile in lichen‐dominated hummocks. Although we found no evidence to suggest leachates from lichens enhance decomposition processes in peatlands (hypothesis c), larger dry bulk densities for peat under lichen mats indicate a loss of structural integrity and potential collapse of the peat column.

Synthesis. As production of new material added to the peat column is less in lichen‐dominated hummocks, local peat accumulation slows or ceases, representing a potential temporary limit to peat growth. Our results highlight the importance of lichens as a vegetation feedback in peatland development, with thick mats probably constraining or reducing hummock height relative to adjacent, lichen‐free hollows.
Forbs, grasses, and grassland fire behaviour
Authors: Wragg Peter D. , Mielke Troy , Tilman David 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

In grasslands and savannas, fire regime—frequently a major determinant of woody encroachment, herbaceous species composition and diversity, and nutrient cycling—is influenced by the quantity and characteristics of plant fuel. Laboratory studies reveal variation in flammability among herbaceous species, but field experiments are needed to assess whether herbaceous species composition meaningfully affects ecosystem‐scale fire behaviour.

In our North American tallgrass prairie study system, grasses’ thinner leaves and longer leaf retention appeared to create a finer, more aerated, more connected fuel bed than forbs. We tested the hypothesis that grasses promote fire spread area, fire intensity, and associated facets of fire behaviour more strongly than an equivalent mass of forbs.

We characterized spring fires over multiple years in 315 annually ignited plots spanning profound gradients of plant biomass, cover, and grass:forb ratio that resulted from species richness and composition treatments, in a 20‐year grassland biodiversity experiment.

Grasses increased fire spread and associated facets of fire behaviour, compared with an equivalent biomass or cover of forbs. Grass dominance increased fire spread area—or equivalently increased fire frequency at any given point. For fire to spread through 50% of the 9 m × 9 m plot area required approximately twice as high an abundance of forbs as of grasses. Grass dominance also resulted in fires that advanced faster, were more intense (higher rates of heat release per unit fireline length), caused more damage to plants, and released heat to greater heights. Fire temperature at 50 cm above‐ground was about twice as high in plots with only grasses as in plots with the same biomass of forbs.

Synthesis. Even within herbaceous ecosystems that may appear homogenously flammable compared with less flammable woody ecosystems, fuel quality—specifically, the proportional abundance of grasses—combines with fuel quantity and ignitions to determine effective fire regime at a given point. In spring burns, grass‐dominated plots burn more completely and generate higher temperatures, and thus better suppress woody plants and volatilize more nutrients, than forb‐dominated plots (holding all else equal).
Parents’ perceptions of the long‐term appropriateness of a psychosocial intervention for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Allan Nicola , Wilkes‐Gillan Sarah , Bundy Anita , Cordier Reinie , Volkert Anita 
Published: March 2018

Background/aimDesigning psychosocial interventions that parents perceive as appropriate is essential to enhancing their engagement with the intervention and their long‐term use of the intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to explore the long‐term appropriateness of a play‐based psychosocial intervention for children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) from the perspectives of parents.MethodsSemi‐structured phone interviews were conducted with 14 parents of children with ADHD who participated in a randomised controlled trial of the play‐based intervention 1 year earlier.ResultsThematic analysis led to the development of three core‐themes: (i) Everybody needs a parenting handbook, (ii) No one thing you are dealing with, and (iii) A different approach: Reframing.DiscussionThe core‐themes related back to a definition of intervention appropriateness that acknowledges the intervention as important/relevant, beneficial, socially and ecologically valid and promotes sustainable change, indicating parents perceived the intervention as appropriate. The core‐themes also resembled aspects of the process of family adaptation. Findings highlight the importance of designing interventions that are appropriate from parents’ perspectives to enhance their long‐term engagement and use of the intervention strategies as well as outcomes for their child in the long term.
The association of serum FGF23 and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is independent of vitamin D in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: He Xingxing , Shen Yun , Ma Xiaojing , Ying Lingwen , Peng Jiahui , Pan Xiaoping , Bao Yuqian , Zhou Jian 
Published: March 2018

SummaryRecent studies have shown that circulating fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 and vitamin D levels are closely correlated with insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among serum FGF 23 levels, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study enrolled 331 hospitalized T2DM patients (209 patients with NAFLD and 122 patients without NAFLD). Serum FGF23 levels were measured using a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. NAFLD was diagnosed by hepatic ultrasound, and the fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated to quantify hepatic steatosis. Results showed that T2DM patients with NAFLD had significantly higher serum FGF23 levels (44.17 [37.92‐51.30] pg/mL vs 40.21 [34.07‐48.33] pg/mL, P = .002), but lower serum 25(OH)D levels (16.43 [12.70‐21.37] ng/mL vs 19.59 [13.78‐26.26] ng/mL, P = .002) than those without NAFLD. Moreover, the incidence rate of NAFLD increased with increasing serum FGF23 levels and decreased with increasing 25(OH)D levels (both P < .05). Logistic regression analysis showed that both serum FGF23 and 25(OH)D levels were independent factors for NAFLD (both P < .05). Furthermore, a multiple stepwise regression analysis also revealed that both serum FGF23 and 25(OH)D levels were independently correlated with FLI (both P < .01). In conclusion, both high FGF23 and low vitamin D levels showed an independent relationship with NAFLD in Chinese T2DM patients, indicating that FGF23 and vitamin D function via different regulatory pathways in the liver.
Laser capture microdissection for detecting the expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition‐related genes in epithelial and spindle cells of paraffin‐embedded formalin‐fixed biphasic synovial sarcoma
Authors: Wang Ning , Liu Zi‐Han , Zou Hong , Pang Li‐juan , Gu Wen‐yi , Hu Jian‐Ming , Li Dong‐mei , Zhao Jin , Zhang Jun , Liu Chun‐Xia , Zhang Wen‐Jie , Qi Yan , Li Feng 
Published: March 2018

SummarySynovial sarcoma (SS) is a mesenchymal malignant neoplasm showing characteristics of epithelial–mesenchymal biphasic differentiation. SS is of uncertain cellular origin; however, studies have suggested that SS originates from a somatic stem cell population. In this study, we aim to determine whether differential morphological features of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributed to the tumourigenesis of SS invasion and metastasis. Twelve paraffin‐embedded formalin‐fixed tissue (FFPE) SS tissue specimens were obtained, and laser capture microdissection (LCM) with the ArcturusXT system and small chip method (SCM) were used to isolate and purify spindle and epithelial cells from SS specimens. The TRIzol method was used to extract RNA, and the mRNA levels of EMT‐related genes in epithelial and spindle cells of SS specimens were measured using real‐time fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). The results show that collection of about 2 × 104 cells from FFPE samples using LCM was sufficient for qRT‐PCR, with an efficiency of 75%. Compared with LCM, 72.2% (13 of 18) RNA samples were successfully extracted using SCM to isolate cells from FFPE SS tissues. In the 16 samples (11 spindle cell samples and 5 epithelial cell samples), Snail mRNA was significantly upregulated in spindle cell areas compared with that in epithelial cell areas (P = .001). Expression levels of the epithelial marker E‐cadherin and the mesenchymal marker N‐cadherin were not significantly different between epithelial and spindle cell areas. In spindle cells of recurrent SS samples, the mRNA levels of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, Snail, and Slug were higher in primary SS samples than in recurrent samples. Taken together, our results indicated that in SS samples, Snail mRNA was upregulated in spindle cell areas compared with that in epithelial cell areas and that the expression of EMT‐related genes was increased in primary SS. LCM could be used to isolate and purify RNA from FFPE samples.
Family aggregation of language impairment in an isolated Chilean population from Robinson Crusoe Island
Authors: De Barbieri Zulema , Fernández María Angélica , Newbury Dianne F. , Villanueva Pía 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that the inhabitants of the Chilean Robinson Crusoe Island have an increased frequency of specific language impairment (SLI) or developmental language disorder (DLD).AimsTo explore the familial aggregation of DLD in this community.Methods & ProceduresWe assessed the frequency of DLD amongst colonial children between the ages of 3 and 8;11 years (50 individuals from 45 nuclear families). Familial aggregation rates of language disorder were calculated by assessing all available first‐degree relatives (n = 107, 77 parents, 25 siblings, five half‐siblings) of the probands.Outcomes & ResultsWe found that 71% of the child population performed significantly below expected in measures of phonological production or expressive and receptive morphology. The majority of these children presented with severe expressive and/or receptive language difficulties. One‐quarter of language‐disordered probands primarily had phonological difficulties. Family members of affected probands experienced a higher risk of language disorder than those of typically developing probands. This increased risk was apparent regardless of non‐verbal IQ.Conclusions & ImplicationsThe study substantiates the existence of a familial form of speech and language disorder on Robinson Crusoe Island. Furthermore, we find that the familiarity is stable regardless of non‐verbal IQ, supporting the recent movement to reduce the importance of non‐verbal IQ criterion in DLD diagnoses.
Phosphate starvation response controls genes required to synthesize the phosphate analog arsenate
Authors: Wang Qian , Kang Yoon‐Suk , Alowaifeer Abdullah , Shi Kaixiang , Fan Xia , Wang Lu , Jetter Jonathan , Bothner Brian , Wang Gejiao , McDermott Timothy R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryEnvironmental arsenic poisoning affects roughly 200 million people worldwide. The toxicity and mobility of arsenic in the environment is significantly influenced by microbial redox reactions, with arsenite (AsIII) being more toxic than arsenate (AsV). Microbial oxidation of AsIII to AsV is known to be regulated by the AioXSR signal transduction system and viewed to function for detoxification or energy generation. Here, we show that AsIII oxidation is ultimately regulated by the phosphate starvation response (PSR), requiring the sensor kinase PhoR for expression of the AsIII oxidase structural genes aioBA. The PhoRB and AioSR signal transduction systems are capable of transphosphorylation cross‐talk, closely integrating AsIII oxidation with the PSR. Further, under PSR conditions, AsV significantly extends bacterial growth and accumulates in the lipid fraction to the apparent exclusion of phosphorus. This could spare phosphorus for nucleic acid synthesis or triphosphate metabolism wherein unstable arsenic esters are not tolerated, thereby enhancing cell survival potential. We conclude that AsIII oxidation is logically part of the bacterial PSR, enabling the synthesis of the phosphate analog AsV to replace phosphorus in specific biomolecules or to synthesize other molecules capable of a similar function, although not for total replacement of cellular phosphate.
Metabolic potential and in situ transcriptomic profiles of previously uncharacterized key microbial groups involved in coupled carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycling in anoxic marine zones
Authors: Plominsky Alvaro M. , Trefault Nicole , Podell Sheila , Blanton Jessica M. , De la Iglesia Rodrigo , Allen Eric E. , von Dassow Peter , Ulloa Osvaldo 
Published: March 2018

SummaryAnoxic marine zones (AMZs) impact biogeochemical cycles at the global scale, particularly the nitrogen cycle. Key microbial players from AMZs have been identified, but the majority remains unrecognized or uncharacterized. Thirty‐one single‐cell amplified genomes (SAGs) from the eastern tropical North and South Pacific AMZs were sequenced to gain insight into the distribution, metabolic potential and contribution to the community transcriptional profile of these uncharacterized bacterial and archaeal groups. Detailed analyses focused on SAG‐bins assigned to three of these groups that presented 79%–100% estimated genome completeness: the putative sulphur‐oxidizing Gamaproteobacteria EOSA II clade, a Marinimicrobia member of the recently recognized PN262000N21 clade found to be abundant in AMZ anoxic cores, and a representative of the Marine Benthic Group A Thaumarchaeota. Community‐based analyses revealed that these three groups are significantly more abundant and transcriptionally more active in the AMZ microbial communities than previously described phylogenetically related microbial groups. Collectively, these groups have the potential to link biogeochemically relevant processes by coupling the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles. Together, these results increase our understanding of key microbial components inhabiting AMZs and other oxygen‐deficient marine environments, enhancing our capacity to predict the impact of the expansion of these ecosystems due to climate change.
Future warming and acidification result in multiple ecological impacts to a temperate coralline alga
Authors: Huggett Megan J. , McMahon Kathryn , Bernasconi Rachele 
Published: March 2018

SummaryCoralline algae are a crucial component of reef systems, stabilising reef substrate, providing habitat and contributing to accretion. Coralline algae and their surface microbial biofilms are also important as settlement cues for marine invertebrates, yet few studies address the impact of future environmental conditions on interactions between coralline algae, reef microbes and settlement by larvae of marine invertebrates. We exposed the temperate coralline algal species Amphiroa gracilis to warming and/or acidification scenarios for 21 days. Algae became bleached but photosystem II function was not measurably impacted. Settlement by larvae of the sea urchin Heliocidaris erythrogramma was reduced and the structure of the prokaryotic community associated with A. gracilis was altered. Coralline algae in ambient conditions were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria from the Rhodobacteraceae including Loktonella; those under warming were dominated by Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia; acidification resulted in less Loktonella and more Planctomycetes and a combination of warming and acidification caused increases in Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and the Alphaproteobacteria family Hyphomonadaceae. These experiments indicate that predicted future environmental change may reduce the ability of some temperate reef coralline algae and associated reef microbes to facilitate settlement of invertebrate larvae as well as having a direct impact to algae via bleaching.