bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resident species with larger size metrics do not recruit more offspring from the soil seed bank in old‐field meadow vegetation
Authors: Tracey Amanda , Aarssen Lonnie 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

According to the traditional “Size Advantage” (SA) hypothesis, plant species with larger body size are expected to be more successful when competition is intense, that is, within severely crowded vegetation. Recent studies in old‐field habitats, however, have shown that those species with greater numerical abundance as resident plants generally have a relatively small minimum reproductive threshold size (MIN), not a relatively large maximum potential body size (MAX).

In this study, we test for a size advantage in terms of species abundance representation in the soil seed bank, and we extend the SA hypothesis to include two additional size metrics: leaf size and seed size. Specifically, we ask, for resident species within a crowded old‐field meadow: is larger seed size, leaf size, and/or body size associated with greater reproductive / recruitment success (i.e. number of germinable seeds within—and establishing plants emerging from—the soil seed bank)? We collected soil cores for a greenhouse experiment to record relative species abundances of germinable seeds in the seed bank, and we used a field experiment to record local abundances of species emerging from the resident seed bank within denuded plant neighbourhoods over three subsequent field seasons.

We found no general support for the SA hypothesis involving any of the size metrics, and none of the latter was a strong predictor of the number of germinable seeds emerging from soil cores in the greenhouse experiment. However, for species establishing in the field experiment from the seed bank over the 3‐year survey period, more abundant species in years 2 and 3 tended to be those with smaller MIN, and thus smaller MAX. In addition, within more crowded neighbourhoods, representation of reproductive plants was generally greater for species with relatively small MIN (and hence small MAX).

Synthesis. Our results extend the support for the “Reproductive Economy Advantage” hypothesis in old‐field habitats, to include not just established, largely undisturbed vegetation, but also very early stages of recruitment from seed within locally crowded plant neighbourhoods. Specifically, more successful species here are not those with relatively large potential body size (MAX); they are species capable of producing at least some offspring despite severe body size suppression, because they have a relatively small MIN. We summarize our interpretation using a simple conceptual model for predicting selection effects of local neighbourhood crowding on variation in fecundity (fitness estimate) of resident plants, resulting from genetic covariation in MAX and MIN. Relatively large potential body size (MAX) should be expected to promote fitness here, not when competition from near neighbour effects is severe, but when its effects are locally more moderate, or virtually absent—and hence relatively rarely within the generally crowded vegetation of old‐field habitats.
Multipartite genomes and the sRNome in response to temperature stress of an Arctic Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea BSW20308
Authors: Liao Li , Liu Chun , Zeng Yinxin , Zhao Bin , Zhang Jin , Chen Bo 
Published: October 2018

SummaryLittle is known about the survival and effect of rapid climate warming on Pseudoalteromonas in the Arctic, although it is abundant and important in this ecosystem. Here, we investigated a cold‐adapted Pseudoalteromonas fuliginea BSW20308 from the Arctic Ocean, from the genome to its transcriptomic responses towards temperature changes. It contained two circular chromosomes, with the second chromosome probably evolved from an ancestral plasmid. The evolution of multipartite genomes may be advantageous for its survival under changing environments. RNA‐seq analysis revealed the extensive involvement of sRNome in response to temperature stress for the first time, especially tmRNA and a novel Pf1 sRNA strongly induced under heat stress. The present study makes significant contributions towards the understanding of Pseudoalteromonas in two aspects: the genome structure and evolution of its two chromosomes, and the important discovery of the sRNome in response to temperature stress.
Necrotecture: Lifeless Dwellings and London's Super‐Rich
Authors: Atkinson Rowland 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article problematizes the relationship between the global super‐rich and processes of property development that have generated large volumes of underused residential space. Evidence is presented to show that much of London's new skyline is underused or lies entirely empty, so that one interpretation of this new landscape of super‐prime residential development is that it is a kind of dead residential space or necrotecture. These relatively lifeless spaces can be interpreted as the particularly wasteful result of continuing rounds of international capital investment in the built environment and the overconsumption of housing and other resources by the super‐rich. Necrotectural forms, seen in new towers and spectacular homes, appear to index a massive misdirection of development capacity, even as the city experiences a massive social crisis that continues to be played out in the wider housing market.
How states tighten control: a field theory perspective on journalism in contemporary Crimea
Authors: Zeveleva Olga 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article contributes to denationalizing Bourdieu’s field theory by analysing the relationship between a regional news media field, the state and transnational influences. The article seeks to answer the question of how a state can impose limits on the autonomy of the news media field during political transition. Field theory is applied to changes that have taken place in Crimean news media since Russia’s annexation of the peninsula in 2014. Drawing on narrative interviews with journalists who worked in Crimea in 2012–17, expert interviews, and secondary sources, I demonstrate how Crimea’s news media field went from being dominated by varied Ukrainian private news media owners to becoming dominated by the Russian state. I show that states can employ direct measures such as anti‐press violence and ownership appropriation of news media outlets in order to increase concentration of state media ownership. In addition, states can reallocate capital in the news media field, disenfranchising some journalists and outlets while favouring others. The adaptive strategies of individual journalists, who, upon losing capital, can sometimes relocate or leave their jobs, also changes the composition of news media fields. Departing from a common view of social spaces as bounded within nation‐states, I examine how the news media field of Crimea has been shaped by both transnational influences, and by the direct imposition of Russian state power through a reconstitution of national borders.
Admission to intensive care: A qualitative study of triage and its determinants
Authors: Escher Monica , Cullati Stéphane , Hudelson Patricia , Nendaz Mathieu , Ricou Bara , Perneger Thomas , Dayer Pierre 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo examine physicians’ decision making and its determinants about admission to intensive care.Data Sources/Study SettingICU physicians (n = 12) and internists (n = 12) working in a Swiss tertiary care hospital.Study DesignWe conducted in‐depth interviews.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsInterviews were analyzed using an inductive thematic approach.Principal FindingsAdmission decisions regarding seriously ill or elderly patients with comorbidities are complex. Nonmedical factors such as ICU beds availability, health care resources on the ward, information about patient preferences, and family behavior determine the decision. Code status and the quality of interaction between physicians are key determinants. The absence of code status or poor documentation of code status discussions makes decisions more difficult and laden emotionally, as physicians feel they are making a life‐death decision. Mutual respect and collaborative decision making facilitate the decision. Tensions arise due to ICU physicians’ postponing the decision because of lack of beds, ICU physicians’ dismissive attitudes, perceived shortcomings in the other physician's completion of expected tasks, and preconceptions about the other physician.ConclusionsSystematic documentation of code status, and fostering collaboration between ICU physicians and internists would facilitate ICU admission decisions in complex clinical situations.
Metapop: An individual‐based model for simulating the evolution of tree populations in spatially and temporally heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: Soularue Jean‐Paul , Thöni Armel , Arnoux Léo , Le Corre Valérie , Kremer Antoine 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMetapop is a stochastic individual‐based simulation program. It uses quantitative genetics theory to produce an explicit description of the typical life cycle of monoecious and hermaphroditic plant species. Genome structure, the relationship between genotype and phenotype, and the effects of landscape heterogeneity on each individual can be finely parameterized by the user. Unlike most existing simulation packages, Metapop can simulate phenotypic plasticity, which may have a genetic component, and assortative mating, two important features of tree species. Each simulation is parameterized through text files, and raw data are generated recurrently, describing the allelic state of each quantitative trait locus involved in phenotypic variability. The data can be generated in Genepop or Fstat format, and may thus be analysed with other existing packages. Metapop also automatically computes a range of populations statistics, enabling the user to monitor evolutionary dynamics directly, from gene to metapopulation level.
Mixing of Enriched Lithospheric Mantle‐Derived and Crustal Magmas: Evidence from the Habo Cenozoic Porphyry in Western Yunnan
Authors: XIA Bin , LU Ye , YUAN Yajuan , CHEN Weiyan , ZHANG Xiao , XU Chi , YU Shengrui , WAN Zhifeng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNew zircon U–Pb ages, whole‐rock geochemistry and zircon Hf isotopes from the Habo porphyry Western Yunnan, China, were determined to provide constraints on the timing of uplift of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The intrusive rocks consist of shoshonitic porphyry (syenite porphyry and monzonite porphyry). Zircon laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U–Pb dating indicates coeval emplacement ages of ~35 Ma. The porphyries have alkaline affinities, enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare earth elements (LREEs) (e.g., Rb, Th, U, Pb), with depletion of high field strength elements (HFSEs) (e.g., Nb, Ti, Ta) and weak Eu anomalies. They display uniform Lu–Hf isotopic compositions with negative zircon εHf(t) values ranging from ‐3.9 to ‐0.6. The chemical characteristics of the syenite porphyries indicated that they most likely originated from the lower crust, with mantle‐derived material involved in their generation. Geochemically, the monzonite porphyries are similar to the syenite porphyries; however, the lower MgO contents suggest that they were produced by different degrees of partial melting of the same lower crust source. Combined with the geochemical and isotopic data in this paper, imply that the alkali‐rich porphyries of the Habo polymetallic deposit were derived from the partial melting of lower crust, enriched by mantle magma, formed in a conversion stage from stress extrusion (a strike‐slip shear process) to local stress relaxation (a strike‐slip pull‐apart process) at the Ailaoshao tectonic zone.
Mineralogical Characteristics of Exsolved Spinel in the Panzhihua V‐Ti Magnetite Deposit, Sichuan: Implications for the Mineralization Process
Authors: ZHANG Zhibin , HUANG Fei , XING Miaomiao , WAN Quan , GAO Wenyuan , GAO Shang , CHEN Zhenyu , CAI Jianhui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSpinel exsolution is widespread in titanomagnetite from the Fe‐Ti oxide gabbro of the Panzhihua intrusion, Emeishan Large Igneous Province, SW China. However, little research has been conducted into the implications of patterns in the mineralogical characteristics of the spinel for spatial variation in the controls on the exsolution mechanism and, hence, the formation process of the ore deposit. This study selected the Lanjiahuoshan Ore Block in the Panzhihua V‐Ti magnetite deposit to explore this issue, systematically studying exsolution textures in the titanomagnetite through petrographic observation and the integrated use of in‐situ microanalysis. The results show that the exsolved spinel gradually becomes finer‐grained and less abundant from the center to edge and the bottom to top of the ore bodies. Compositionally, there is an inverse correlation between the size of exsolved spinel grains and their Mg# value. In addition, there is compositional zonation in the spinel interiors, with a gradual increase in the Mg content and decrease in Fe content from the core to the rim. The analysis suggests that fractional crystallization of ferrotitanium magma with a high oxygen fugacity in a shallow magma chamber caused compositional differences in the primary magnetite solid solution in different parts of the Panzhihua intrusion. Additionally, the thermal evolution of the magnetite solid solution differed in different parts of orebody, bringing about variations in spinel development. Together, these effects resulted in spatial variation in the abundance, grain size, and morphology of spinel in different parts of the orebody and intrusion that follows an identifiable distribution law. Furthermore, the compositional zonation of exsolved spinels reflects the rapid growth of exsolution features in a high‐temperature environment. Thus, the size, morphology, abundance, and composition of spinel exsolution features in titanomagnetite provide a valuable petrogenetic tool for estimating the maturity and formational environment of the deposit.
Mineralogy and Chemistry of Sulfides from the Longqi and Duanqiao Hydrothermal Fields in the Southwest Indian Ridge
Authors: ZHANG Baisong , LI Zhenqing , HOU Zengqian , ZHANG Weiyan , XU Bo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRecent investigations found that hydrothermal activity and sulfide mineralization occurs along the Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR). The Longqi and Duanqiao hydrothermal fields between 49° E and 53° E of the SWIR are two prospective mineralization areas discovered by Chinese scientists. With the aim to determine the mineralogical and chemical characteristics of sulfide minerals, we have conducted detailed studies for samples from the two areas using an optical microscope, X‐ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, and electron microprobe. The mineralization processes in the Longqi area are divided into three main stages: (1) the low‐medium‐temperature stage: colloform pyrite (Py I) + marcasite → euhedral pyrite (Py II), (2) the high‐temperature stage: isocubanite (±exsolved chalcopyrite) + pyrrhotite → coarse‐grained chalcopyrite (Ccp I), and (3) the medium–low‐temperature stage: sphalerite + fine‐grained chalcopyrite inclusions (Ccp II) → aggregates of anhedral pyrite (Py III) ± marcasite → Fe‐oxide (‐hydroxide) + amorphous silica. The mineralization processes in the Duanqiao area are divided into two main stages: (1) the medium–high‐temperature stage: subhedral and euhedral pyrite (Py I′) → coarse‐grained chalcopyrite (Ccp I′) and (2) the medium–low‐temperature stage: sphalerite → fine‐grained chalcopyrite (Ccp II′) + chalcopyrite inclusions (Ccp II′) → silica‐cemented pyrite (Py II′) + marcasite → Fe‐oxide + amorphous silica. We suggest that the fine‐grained chalcopyrite inclusions in sphalerite from Longqi and Duanqiao were formed by co‐precipitation and replacement mechanisms, respectively. Primary sphalerites from both fields are enriched in Fe (avg. 5.84 wt% for the Longqi field vs. avg. 3.69 wt% for the Duanqiao field), Co (avg. 185.56 ppm for the Longqi field vs. 160.53 ppm for the Duanqiao field), and Cd (avg. 1950 ppm for the Longqi field vs. avg. 525.26 ppm for the Duanqiao field). Cu contents in pyrite from the Duanqiao field (Py I′: avg. 849.23 ppm and Py II′: avg. 1191.11 ppm) tend to be higher than those from the Longqi field (Py I: avg. 26.67 ppm, Py II: avg. 445 ppm, and Py III: avg. 179.29 ppm). Chalcopyrite from both fields is enriched in Zn (Ccp I: avg. 3226.67 ppm, Ccp II: avg. 9280 ppm, Ccp I′: avg. 848 ppm, Ccp II′ (inclusions): avg. 1098 ppm, and Ccp II′ (fine‐grained): avg. 1795 ppm). The varying contents of Zn in the different pyrite and chalcopyrite generations may result from the zone refining process. An integrated study of the mineralogy and mineralogical chemistry suggests that the hydrothermal fluids of the Longqi area are likely conditioned with higher temperatures and relatively lower fO2 and fS2 than those of the Duanqiao area, but in contrast to the former, the latter is much affected by the compositions of the surrounding rocks.
Comparative Study of Hydrogen and Carbon Isotopic Composition of Gases Generated from the Pyrolysis of a Peat under Saltwater and Freshwater Conditions
Authors: WU Yingzhong , DUAN Yi , ZHAO Yang , CAO Xixi , MA Lanhua , QIAN Yaorong , LI Zhongping , XING Lantian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTo understand the influence of the diagenetic water medium on the isotopic compositions of thermogenic coalbed gas, both hydrous and anhydrous closed‐system pyrolyses were performed at temperatures of 250°C to 650°C on an herbaceous marsh peat. Compared to the results of anhydrous pyrolysis, the hydrocarbon gases generated from hydrous pyrolyses have very different hydrogen isotopic compositions. However, the carbon isotopic compositions of the hydrocarbon gases became only slightly heavier in hydrous pyrolysis, compared to that from anhydrous pyrolysis. With the progress of thermal evolution from peat to a more advanced thermal maturity of vitrinite reflectance values (Ro) of 5.5% during the pyrolysis, the difference in the average δD value increased from 52‰ to 64‰ between the hydrous pyrolysis with saltwater and anhydrous pyrolysis and increased from 18‰ to 29‰ between the hydrous pyrolysis with freshwater and anhydrous pyrolysis, respectively. The difference in the average δ13C value was only 1‰–2‰ between the hydrous and anhydrous pyrolysis. The relationships between the δD values of the generated hydrocarbon gases and Ro values as well as among δD values of the hydrocarbon gas species are established. The close relationships among these parameters suggest that the water medium had a significant effect on the hydrogen isotopic composition and a minimal effect on the carbon isotopic composition of the hydrocarbon gases. The results of these pyrolyses may provide information for the understanding of the genesis of coalbed gas from herbaceous marsh material with the participation of different diagenetic water media.
Source and Significance of Detrital Zircons from Mesozoic Sandstones of the Upper Yangtze Block, China
Authors: LI Dongdong , WU Zhenhan , YU Xinqi , WANG Ran , WANG Zongxiu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this study, we report U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic data for zircons from the Mesozoic sandstones of the Upper Yangtze area, which provide critical constraints on the provenance of these sediments and further shed light on the crustal evolution of the Upper Yangtze block. The results of isotopic chronology indicate the following: (1) The provenances of the study area are very complex, and the tectonic evolution process is relatively closed. (2) The provenances are mainly Archean–Proterozoic crystalline basement or recycled material; Paleoproterozoic crustal accretion in the western margin of the Yangtze block and Neoproterozoic magmatic activities related to subduction of the western margin of the Yangtze block; early Cambrian oceanic magmatic activity, which resulted from the intraplate extension of the northern margin of the Yangtze block; late Ordovician–early Silurian magmatic activity in the northern Yangtze block and Hercynian–Indochina uplift and erosion during the Hercynian movement. (3) The Yangtze crustal growth is episodic, and an increasing amount of ancient recycled material became part of the magmatic activity, as the zircon U–Pb ages are relatively young.
Mid‐Cretaceous Hothouse Climate and the Expansion of Early Angiosperms
Authors: ZHANG Mingzhen , DAI Shuang , DU Baoxia , JI Liming , HU Shusheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe remarkable transition of early angiosperms from a small to a dominant group characterized the terrestrial ecosystem of the Cretaceous. This transition was instigated and promoted by environmental changes. Mid‐Cretaceous is characterized by major geological events that affected the global environment. δ18O, palaeothermometer TEX86, and other climatic indices from marine sediments suggest rapid temperature increase during mid‐Cretaceous despite occasional short cooling events. Simultaneously, terrestrial deposits in East Asia changed from coal‐bearing to shale, then to red beds and evaporites. Plant assemblages and other paleoclimate indicators point to rapid aridification for mid‐Cretaceous terrestrial environments. In addition, the wildfires were frequently spread all over the earth by the numerous charcoal evidence during the Mid‐Cretaceous. Thus, we speculate that the seasonally dry and hot conditions of mid‐Cretaceous created a fiery hothouse world. Early angiosperms increased in abundance and diversity and evolved from a few aquatic species to terrestrial herbaceous and then to the diversified flora of today. Angiosperms showed rapid physiological evolution in vein density and leaf area that improved photosynthesis and water absorption. These ecophysiological changes made early angiosperms well adapted to the hot and dry environment in mid‐Cretaceous. Moreover, these physiological changes facilitated the fire–angiosperm cycles in mid‐Cretaceous that likely further stimulated the early angiosperm evolution.