bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathology of 460 liver allografts removed at retransplantation: A shift in disease patterns over 27 years
Authors: Neves Souza Lara , de Martino Rodrigo Bronze , Sanchez‐Fueyo Alberto , Rela Mohamed , Dhawan Anil , O'Grady John , Heaton Nigel , Quaglia Alberto 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and aimApproximately 10%‐19% of liver transplant recipients develop irreversible graft failure requiring retransplantation. We reviewed the histology of failed grafts removed at retransplantation in our center over 27 years.MethodsTwo hundred and seventy‐six adults and 118 children underwent retransplantation from 1987 to 2014, receiving 321 and 139 liver grafts, respectively. We analyzed graft histology, recipient demographics, indications and time interval to retransplantation. We divided retransplantation in 3 eras: A (1987‐1994), B (1995‐2001), and C (2002‐2014).ResultsA total of 3298 adult and 938 pediatric primary liver transplants were conducted in our center, and 8.4% of adults and 12.6% of children experienced retransplantation. Considering the changes throughout the eras, the proportion of chronic rejection declined, while that of unexplained chronic fibrosing hepatitis increased steadily, representing the main reason for retransplantation conducted >10 years after primary transplant in children, and second in adults in the most recent era. This chronic hepatitis of the graft might correspond to a slowly evolving form of rejection, possibly with a humoral component, associated with progressive graft fibrosis and eventually failure.ConclusionsWe observed a shift in histopathology of failed liver grafts, with increasing relevance of chronic idiopathic hepatitis associated with progressive fibrosis and graft failure.
Trends in the use of illicit substances in Thailand: Results from national household surveys
Authors: Angkurawaranon Chaisiri , Jiraporncharoen Wichuda , Likhitsathian Surinporn , Thaikla Kanittha , Kanato Manop , Perngparn Usaneya , Assanangkornchai Sawitri , Aramrattana Apinun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThailand borders some of the world’s largest methamphetamine and opioid producing countries and trafficking routes. Thailand’s ‘War on Drugs’ campaign was launched in 2003. This study reports trends in illicit substance use in Thailand over the period 2001–2011.Design and MethodsNational Household surveys on illicit drug use were conducted in 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008 and 2011. A stratified multi‐stage cluster random sampling technique was implemented for each survey. Provinces in four regions were systematically selected using a probability proportionate to the size of the targeted population. Participants were interviewed using structured questionnaires on their history of substance use.ResultsThe prevalence of illicit drug use within the past drastically decreased from 4.5% in 2001 to 1.0% in 2003 (P < 0.05). Since 2003, the prevalence of illicit use within the past year varied between 1.0% and 1.3%. By 2011, it was estimated that 0.84% have used kratom (a substance derived from Mitragyna speciosa) within the past year. Around 0.20% and 0.19% reported using cannibis and yaba (metamphetamine tablet) within a year of the 2011 survey. Other types of illicit drugs were less commonly used in Thailand.Discussion and ConclusionsThere was a decrease in prevalence of illicit drug use within the past year between 2001 and 2003 in Thailand. Since 2003, the past year prelavence of illicit drug use has remained relatively stable. From 2001 to 2011, cannabis, kratom and yaba have remained the three most commonly reported types of illicit drugs used in Thailand.
Prevalence and correlates of depressive disorders in people with Type 2 diabetes: results from the International Prevalence and Treatment of Diabetes and Depression (INTERPRET‐DD) study, a collaborative study carried out in 14 countries
Authors: Lloyd C. E. , Nouwen A. , Sartorius N. , Ahmed H. U. , Alvarez A. , Bahendeka S. , Basangwa D. , Bobrov A. E. , Boden S. , Bulgari V. , Burti L. , Chaturvedi S. K. , Cimino L. C. , Gaebel W. , de Girolamo G. , Gondek T. M. , de Braude M. Guinzbourg , Guntupalli A. , Heinze M. G. , Ji L. , Hong X. , Khan A. , Kiejna A. , Kokoszka A. , Kamala T. , Lalic N. M. , Lecic Tosevski D. , Mankovsky B. , Li M. , Musau A. , Müssig K. , Ndetei D. , Rabbani G. , Srikanta S. S. , Starostina E. G. , Shevchuk M. , Taj R. , Vukovic O. , Wölwer W. , Xin Y. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsTo assess the prevalence and management of depressive disorders in people with Type 2 diabetes in different countries.MethodsPeople with diabetes aged 18–65 years and treated in outpatient settings were recruited in 14 countries and underwent a psychiatric interview. Participants completed the Patient Health Questionnaire and the Problem Areas in Diabetes scale. Demographic and medical record data were collected.ResultsA total of 2783 people with Type 2 diabetes (45.3% men, mean duration of diabetes 8.8 years) participated. Overall, 10.6% were diagnosed with current major depressive disorder and 17.0% reported moderate to severe levels of depressive symptomatology (Patient Health Questionnaire scores >9). Multivariable analyses showed that, after controlling for country, current major depressive disorder was significantly associated with gender (women) (P<0.0001), a lower level of education (P<0.05), doing less exercise (P<0.01), higher levels of diabetes distress (P<0.0001) and a previous diagnosis of major depressive disorder (P<0.0001). The proportion of those with either current major depressive disorder or moderate to severe levels of depressive symptomatology who had a diagnosis or any treatment for their depression recorded in their medical records was extremely low and non‐existent in many countries (0–29.6%).ConclusionsOur international study, the largest of this type ever undertaken, shows that people with diabetes frequently have depressive disorders and also significant levels of depressive symptoms. Our findings indicate that the identification and appropriate care for psychological and psychiatric problems is not the norm and suggest a lack of the comprehensive approach to diabetes management that is needed to improve clinical outcomes.
Alternative test models for skin ageing research
Authors: Nakamura Motoki , Haarmann‐Stemmann Thomas , Krutmann Jean , Morita Akimichi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIncreasing ethical concerns regarding animal experimentation have led to the development of various alternative methods based on the 3Rs (Refinement, Reduction and Replacement), first described by Russell and Burch in 1959. Cosmetic research and skin ageing research are particularly susceptible to concerns related to animal testing. In addition to animal welfare reasons, there are scientific and economic reasons to reduce and avoid animal experiments. Importantly, animal experiments may not reflect findings in humans mainly because of the differences in architectures and immune responses between animal skin and human skin. Here, we review the shift from animal testing to the development and application of alternative non–animal‐based methods and the necessity and benefits of this shift. Some specific alternatives to animal models are discussed, including biochemical approaches, 2‐dimensional and 3‐dimensional cell cultures and volunteer studies, as well as future directions, including genome‐based research and the development of in silico computer simulations of skin models. Among the in vitro methods, 3‐dimensional reconstructed skin models are highly popular and useful alternatives to animal models however still have many limitations. With careful selection and skilful handling, these alternative methods will become indispensable for modern dermatology and skin ageing research.
Seasonal, interannual and decadal drivers of tree and grass productivity in an Australian tropical savanna
Authors: Moore Caitlin E. , Beringer Jason , Donohue Randall J. , Evans Bradley , Exbrayat Jean‐François , Hutley Lindsay B. , Tapper Nigel J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTree–grass savannas are a widespread biome and are highly valued for their ecosystem services. There is a need to understand the long‐term dynamics and meteorological drivers of both tree and grass productivity separately in order to successfully manage savannas in the future. This study investigated the interannual variability (IAV) of tree and grass gross primary productivity (GPP) by combining a long‐term (15 year) eddy covariance flux record and model estimates of tree and grassGPPinferred from satellite remote sensing. On a seasonal basis, the primary drivers of tree and grassGPPwere solar radiation in the wet season and soil moisture in the dry season. On an interannual basis, soil water availability had a positive effect on treeGPPand a negative effect on grassGPP. No linear trend in the tree–grassGPPratio was observed over the 15‐year study period. However, the tree–grassGPPratio was correlated with the modes of climate variability, namely the Southern Oscillation Index. This study has provided insight into the long‐term contributions of trees and grasses to savanna productivity, along with their respective meteorological determinants ofIAV.
Myocardial infarction stabilization by cell‐based expression of controlled Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor levels
Authors: Melly Ludovic , Cerino Giulia , Frobert Aurélien , Cook Stéphane , Giraud Marie‐Noëlle , Carrel Thierry , Tevaearai Stahel Hendrik T. , Eckstein Friedrich , Rondelet Benoît , Marsano Anna , Banfi Andrea 
Published: February 2018

AbstractVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) can induce normal or aberrant angiogenesis depending on the amount secreted in the microenvironment around each cell. Towards a possible clinical translation, we developed a Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)‐based technique to rapidly purify transduced progenitors that homogeneously express a desired specific VEGF level from heterogeneous primary populations. Here, we sought to induce safe and functional angiogenesis in ischaemic myocardium by cell‐based expression of controlled VEGF levels. Human adipose stromal cells (ASC) were transduced with retroviral vectors and FACS purified to generate two populations producing similar total VEGF doses, but with different distributions: one with cells homogeneously producing a specific VEGF level (SPEC), and one with cells heterogeneously producing widespread VEGF levels (ALL), but with an average similar to that of the SPEC population. A total of 70 nude rats underwent myocardial infarction by coronary artery ligation and 2 weeks later VEGF‐expressing or control cells, or saline were injected at the infarction border. Four weeks later, ventricular ejection fraction was significantly worsened with all treatments except for SPEC cells. Further, only SPEC cells significantly increased the density of homogeneously normal and mature microvascular networks. This was accompanied by a positive remodelling effect, with significantly reduced fibrosis in the infarcted area. We conclude that controlled homogeneous VEGF delivery by FACS‐purified transduced ASC is a promising strategy to achieve safe and functional angiogenesis in myocardial ischaemia.
Papulopustular rosacea and rosacea‐like demodicosis: two phenotypes of the same disease?
Authors: Forton F.M.N. , De Maertelaer V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundPapulopustular rosacea and rosacea‐like demodicosis have numerous similarities, but they are generally considered as two distinct entities, mainly because the causal role of the Demodex mite in the development of rosacea is not yet widely accepted. Several clinical characteristics are traditionally considered to differentiate the two conditions; for example, papulopustular rosacea is typically characterized by central facial papulopustules and persistent erythema, whereas small superficial papulopustules and follicular scales rather suggest rosacea‐like demodicosis. However, none of these characteristics is exclusive to either entity.ObjectiveTo explore differences in Demodex densities according to clinical characteristics traditionally associated with these two conditions.MethodsRetrospective, observational, case–control study of 242 patients with central face papulopustules. Demodex densities were measured on two consecutive standardized skin surface biopsies.ResultsIn the whole cohort, Demodex densities were greater in patients with persistent erythema than in those without. In 132 patients without recent treatment or other facial dermatoses, 120 (91%) had persistent erythema, 119 (90%) small superficial papulopustules and 124 (94%) follicular scales; 116 (88%) simultaneously had clinical characteristics traditionally associated with both papulopustular rosacea and rosacea‐like demodicosis. Higher Demodex densities were linked to the presence of follicular scales, but not to papulopustules size, nor to the presence/absence of persistent erythema.ConclusionOur observations highlight the difficulty differentiating between these entities and suggest that rosacea‐like demodicosis and papulopustular rosacea should no longer be considered as two separate entities, but rather as two phenotypes of the same disease.
Altered epigenetic pathways and cell cycle dysregulation in healthy appearing skin of patients with koebnerized squamous cell carcinomas following skin surgery
Authors: Gambichler T. , Rüddel I. , Hessam S. , Bechara F.G. , Stockfleth E. , Schmitz L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundKoebnerized non‐melanoma skin cancer following skin trauma represents a rare and obscure event.ObjectivesTo study molecular pathological parameters in koebnerized squamous cell carcinomas (K‐SCCs) occurring after complete tumour removal.MethodsWe assessed two patients with multiple sclerosis who were on treatment with dimethylfumarate (DMF) preceded by long‐term azathioprine therapy. Both patients rapidly developed several K‐SCCs following histopathologically proven complete excision of cutaneous SCCs. We performed immunohistochemistry for p53, p16, Ki‐67, TET‐2, IDH‐2, 5‐hmc and 5‐mc. PCR was carried out for the detection of human papilloma viruses. Mutation analysis was performed for BRAF, K‐RAS and EGFR.ResultsAll lesions investigated were negative for HPV DNA. Mutations were not detected. Healthy appearing skin of both patients showed relatively high Ki‐67, p16 and p53 expression which was comparable to the expression observed in primary SCCs as well as K‐SCCs. Protein expression of Ki‐67, p16 and mutant p53 was barely detected in the specimens of the healthy controls. A decreased protein expression of TET‐2 enzyme was seen in all tumours and healthy appearing skin when compared to the skin of healthy controls.ConclusionsWe observed two patients with K‐SCCs developing under DMF treatment. In healthy appearing skin of patients with K‐SCCs, wound healing processes, including induction of proliferation and growth factor release, might promote the growth of preneoplastic keratinocytes and cancer formation on the basis of pre‐existing altered epigenetic pathways and cell cycle dysregulation. Although fumarates can reduce TET‐2 expression, the role of DMF intake in the development of K‐SCCs remains unclear.
The measurement of drug‐induced interferon γ‐releasing cells and lymphocyte proliferation in severe cutaneous adverse reactions
Authors: Suthumchai N. , Srinoulprasert Y. , Thantiworasit P. , Rerknimitr P. , Tuchinda P. , Chularojanamontri L. , Rerkpattanapipat T. , Chanprapaph K. , Disphanurat W. , Chakkavittumrong P. , Tovanabutra N. , Srisuttiyakorn C. , Sukasem C. , Klaewsongkram J. ,   the ThaiSCAR study group
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) is a standard laboratory method to identify culprit drugs in patients with a history of drug‐induced non‐immediate hypersensitivity and is mainly performed during the recovery phase. The measurement of drug‐specific interferon γ (IFN‐γ)‐releasing cells has been introduced to confirm culprit drugs, even during the acute phase of drug allergy.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the capability of the enzyme‐linked immunospot assay (ELISpot) to detect drug‐specific IFN‐γ‐releasing cells during the acute phase and the capability of LTT to identify culprit drugs during the recovery phase in patients presenting with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs).MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 23 SCAR patients were collected during the acute and recovery phases and assayed for drug‐specific IFN‐γ‐releasing cells and lymphocyte proliferation, respectively.ResultsDrug‐specific IFN‐γ‐releasing cells were detectable in 73.9% of SCAR subjects (55.6% and 85.7% in patients who were and were not taking systemic steroids, respectively), whereas LTT results were positive in 52.2% of SCAR subjects. The frequencies of drug‐specific IFN‐γ‐releasing cells were significantly higher in patients with positive LTT than in those with negative LTT (260.1 ± 110.0 and 46.6 ± 20.7 cells/106 PBMCs, P = 0.01). A significant correlation between the results of the IFN‐γ ELISpot assay and LTT was demonstrated (r = 0.65, P value <0.01).ConclusionThe IFN‐γ ELISpot assay could be a useful tool to identify culprit drugs in SCAR patients when culprit drug identification is urgently needed during the acute phase of drug allergy.
Treatment of hepatitis C virus leads to economic gains related to reduction in cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and decompensated cirrhosis in Japan
Authors: Younossi Z. M. , Tanaka A. , Eguchi Y. , Henry L. , Beckerman R. , Mizokami M. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a serious complication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Sustained virologic response (SVR) for HCV is associated with a reduction in cirrhosis, HCC and mortality and their associated costs. Japanese HCV patients are older with higher prevalence of HCC. Here we used a decision‐analytic Markov model to estimate the economic benefit of HCV cure by reducing HCC and DCC burden in Japan. A cohort of 10 000 HCV genotype 1b (GT1b) Japanese patients was modelled with a hybrid decision tree and Markov state‐transition model capturing natural history of HCV over a lifetime horizon. Treatment options were approved all‐oral direct‐acting anti‐virals (DAAs) vs no treatment. Treatment efficacy was based on clinical trials and transition rates and costs obtained from Japan‐specific data. Cases of HCC, decompensated cirrhosis (DCC) and quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were projected for patients treated with DAAs vs NT. QALYs were monetized using a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of ¥4‐to‐¥6 million. Incremental savings with treatment were calculated by adding the projected cost of complications avoided to the monetized gains in QALYs. The model showed that DAA treatment vs no treatment, reduces 2057 cases of HCC and 1478 cases of decompensated cirrhosis and saves ¥850 446.73 and ¥338 229.90 per patient (ppt). Additionally, treatment can lead to additional 2.64 QALYs gained per patient. The indirect economic gains associated with treatment‐related QALY improvements were ¥10 576 000, ¥13 220 000 and ¥15 864 000 ppt (willingness‐to‐pay thresholds of ¥4 million, ¥5 million and ¥6 million). Total economic savings of treatment with DAAs (vs no treatment) was ¥7 526 372.63, ¥10 170 372.63 and ¥12 814 372.63, at these different willingness‐to‐pay thresholds. In conclusion treatment of HCV GT1b with all‐oral DAAs in Japan can lead to significant direct and indirect savings related to avoidance of HCC and DCC.
Impact of sustained virologic response on risk of type 2 diabetes among hepatitis C patients in the United States
Authors: Li J. , Zhang T. , Gordon S. C. , Rupp L. B. , Trudeau S. , Holmberg S. D. , Moorman A. C. , Spradling P. R. , Teshale E. H. , Boscarino J. A. , Schmidt M. A. , Daida Y. G. , Lu M. ,   the CHeCS Investigators
Published: February 2018

SummaryData regarding the impact of hepatitis C (HCV) therapy on incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus are limited. We used the data from the longitudinal Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study—drawn from four large US health systems—to investigate how response to HCV treatment impacts the risk of subsequent diabetes. Among HCV patients without a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus or hepatitis B, we investigated the incidence of type 2 diabetes from 12 weeks post‐HCV treatment through December 2015. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the effect of treatment status (sustained virologic response [SVR] or treatment failure) and baseline risk factors on the development of diabetes, considering any possible risk factor‐by‐SVR interactions, and death as a competing risk. Among 5127 patients with an average follow‐up of 3.7 years, diabetes incidence was significantly lower among patients who achieved SVR (231/3748; 6.2%) than among patients with treatment failure (299/1379; 21.7%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.65‐0.96). Risk of diabetes was higher among African American and Asian American patients than White patients (aHR = 1.82 and 1.75, respectively; P < .05), and among Hispanic patients than non‐Hispanics (aHR = 1.86). Patients with BMI ≥ 30 and 25‐30 (demonstrated higher risk of diabetes aHR = 3.62 and 1.72, respectively; P < .05) than those with BMI < 25; patients with cirrhosis at baseline had higher risk than those without cirrhosis (aHR = 1.47). Among a large US cohort of patients treated for HCV, patients who achieved SVR demonstrated a substantially lower risk for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus than patients with treatment failure.
Pharmacokinetics of Florfenicol in the Orange‐spotted Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, Following Oral Administration in Warm Seawater
Authors: Feng Jing‐Bin , Ruan Hui‐Ting , Chen Hai‐Gang , Luo Jun‐Zhi , Dong Jun‐De 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPharmacokinetics of florfenicol were studied in the orange‐spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides, at 29.0 ± 1.0 C following oral administration of 5 or 10 mg/kg. Rapid absorption occurred, with a Tmax (time to reach the maximum concentration) of 2–12 h in plasma, muscle, skin, liver, bile, intestine, kidney, and gill. The absorption rate appeared to decrease with increasing dosage, according to the observed Tmax in plasma, muscle, skin, liver, and kidney. The maximum concentration (Cmax) in plasma was 6.04 ± 1.11 and 13.01 ± 6.18 μg/mL at 5 and 10 mg/kg, respectively, and was lower than that in the intestine but higher than in the other six tissues. A similar absorption and availability was found between the two doses by comparison of the ratios of area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and dose among the tissues. A relatively low distribution level occurred in extravascular tissues based on the AUC values, with the exception of bile and intestine. The shortest and longest elimination half‐life (T1/2β) occurred in plasma (8.51 and 9.34 h at 5 and 10 mg/kg) and bile (18.13 and 17.63 h at 5 and 10 mg/kg), respectively. The elimination rate from plasma, muscle, and kidney was more rapid at 5 than at 10 mg/kg, according to the T1/2β; however, the opposite situation was observed in the remaining five tissues.