bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Novel Memory Aid to Educate Perioperative Team Members on Proper Patient Positioning Technique
Authors: Woodfin Kaitlen O. , Johnson Corey , Parker Renee , Mikach Caroline , Johnson Molly , McMullan Susan P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractInterdisciplinary collaboration is key to safe surgical positioning. Although the surgical procedure dictates the patient's position, surgeons, anesthesia care providers, intraoperative nurses, and ancillary staff members must work together to achieve the goal of safe positioning. Correct patient positioning includes the provision of adequate access to the surgical site for the surgeon and surgical assistants. Surgical positions may put the patient at risk of injury. Understanding human anatomy, including the nerves commonly affected by each surgical position, can help the surgical team prevent accidental and irreversible patient injury. A lack of knowledge of proper positioning practices can result in serious patient injury, such as permanent paralysis, blindness, tissue necrosis, burns, bone fracture, and even death. This article reviews surgical positioning and introduces a learning module that involves the use of mnemonics as memory aids for perioperative team members who are learning proper positioning techniques.
Combining local and remote laboratories for the interactive learning of industrial automation
Authors: Cordeiro Armando , Fernão Pires Vitor , Foito Daniel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study presents an educational project for the interactive learning of Industrial Automation. The objective of this project is to allow Bachelor's and Master's students of Electrical Engineering of the Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL‐IPL) to learn theoretical and practical fundamentals of Industrial Automation through local and remote laboratory experiments. The proposed pedagogical activities, together with the flexibility of the solution adopted for the laboratory experiments, allow students to acquire advanced knowledge regarding Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programming languages, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) applications and industrial communication networks, among other aspects. The main benefits of this educational project are the motivation to engage in problem solving, developing mental strategies based on new hypotheses, step‐by‐step knowledge construction, and the possibility to interact and change, locally or remotely, the developed programs. Additionally, the adopted laboratory architecture is based on industrial hardware and software, like those found in real applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of (Cu, S) Co‐doped SnO2 for Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 to Formate at Low Overpotential
Authors: Hu Xueyan , Yang Huimin , Guo Minmin , Gao Mengting , Zhang Erhui , Tian Haoyang , Liang Zhenhai , Liu Xian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA novel copper (Cu) and sulfur (S) co‐doped SnO2 material prepared by a facile hydrothermal method is demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for the reduction of CO2 to formate. The as‐prepared SC10 holds rutile structure, whereas both Cu and S are doped well into the SnO2, in which S2− and Cu2+ replace O2− and Sn4+, respectively. The overpotential observed in CO2‐saturated 0.5 M NaHCO3 solution is as low as 130 mV (vs. RHE) at −0.75 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and the maximum current density also increases to 5.5 mA cm−2 at −1.2 V, which is 7‐times higher than pure SnO2. The catalyst is stable for more than 33 h and the Faradic efficiency of formate is 58.5 %. The as‐synthesized catalyst will open up a novel route for efficient reduction to formate and has a great potential for relieving the greenhouse effect.
Labile iron pool as a parameter to monitor iron overload and oxidative stress status in β‐thalassemic erythrocytes
Authors: Chutvanichkul Boonyanuch , Vattanaviboon Phantip , Mas‐oodi Sumana , U‐pratya Yaowalak , Wanachiwanawin Wanchai 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundLabile iron pool (LIP) is intracellular nonprotein bound iron that can generate oxygen radicals via the Fenton reaction resulting in oxidative cell damage. Therefore, quantitative measurement of LIP will be helpful for detecting and monitoring the toxic iron status in iron overloaded patients. This study demonstrated LIP level and its correlation to oxidative stress status in β‐thalassemic erythrocytes.MethodsLIP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, numbers of erythrocyte vesicles and apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometric methods in 30 blood samples from β‐thalassemia/hemoglobin E patients and 17 blood samples from healthy volunteers with normal hemoglobin type.Resultsβ‐thalassemic erythrocytes showed higher LIP level, defined as the difference in calcein fluorescent intensity of the cells treated with or without deferiprone, than normal erythrocytes (mean ± 2SD as 62.39 ± 39.58 versus 44.65 ± 35.86, P = 0.003). The LIP level above 67, a cutoff value of LIP level obtained from receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, had a significant positive correlation with oxidative stress status for ROS level (r = 0.90, P < 0.001) and also the amount of erythrocyte vesicles (r = 0.79, P = 0.002). In contrast, the LIP level showed a significant negative correlation with the patients' hemoglobin level (r = −0.66, P = 0.028).ConclusionsThe LIP assay is suggested as an alternative test to monitor the magnitude of iron overload and its consequent oxidative stress in β‐thalassemia. LIP level may also be used as a marker for therapeutic response to iron chelation treatment. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Systematic review and meta‐analysis of single‐dose and non‐single‐dose methotrexate protocols in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Yuk Jin‐Sung , Lee Jung Hun , Park Won I. , Ahn Hyeong Sik , Kim Hyun Jung 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear which methotrexate protocol for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy has a higher success rate or a higher adverse effect rate.ObjectiveTo compare the treatment success rates and adverse effect rates of single‐dose and non‐single‐dose (two‐dose and multi‐dose) methotrexate protocols in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy.Search strategyVarious databases including Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched on July 1, 2017, using search terms including “methotrexate” and “pregnancy.”Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials comparing different methotrexate protocols for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy were included.Data collection and analysisRelative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare treatment success rates and adverse effect rates.Main resultsThe single‐dose and non‐single‐dose protocols had similar success rates (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.96–1.04; 11 trials, 1121 patients, I2=18%). The non‐single‐dose protocols had a higher adverse effect rate than did the single‐dose protocol (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.59–0.91; nine trials, 934 patients, I2=0%).ConclusionsThe single‐dose methotrexate protocol was the optimal protocol for the medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy.
Elevated RTP801 promotes cell proliferation in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Su Jianyou , Huang Hua , Ju Shaoqing , Shi Jiahai 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLung cancer, particularly non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of main causes of mortality in cancer patients worldwide. It is necessary to seek effective biomarkers to improve diagnostic and therapeutic efficacies in human NSCLC. RTP801 is a stress‐response protein that can be induced by many types of cellular stress such as hypoxia and DNA damage, produces different biological effects depending on cell type and context. Up to now, there is no direct evidence showing the expression and involvement of RTP801 in human NSCLC. Here, we found that the expression of RTP801 significantly increased in NSCLC tissues compared with that in normal lung and the level of RTP801 in peripheral blood of NSCLC patients was higher than that of healthy persons. Further study showed that knockdown of RTP801 induced by lentivirus encoded RTP801‐shRNA markedly inhibited the proliferation of A549 and SW900 cells. Moreover, the inhibitor of PI3K significantly decreased the expression of RTP801 mRNA and protein and, at the same time, inhibited the proliferation of A549 and SW900 cells. Taken together, our study provides the novel and direct evidence that there is a close relationship between RTP801 and human NSCLC, and RTP801 can promote the proliferation of NSCLC cells which is regulated by PI3K signaling pathway, suggesting that RTP801 could be a potential biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic target of human NSCLC. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(4):310–319, 2018
Synthesis of polyglycerol mediated covalent construction of a core‐satellite superparamagnetic mesoporous carbon nanocomposite: application on dye adsorption
Authors: Yang Xiaoxin , Li Anxia , Wang Wenlong , Zhang Chuang , Wang Jie , Yu Binglong , Cai Xiulan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this work, we used a polyglycerol (PG) mediated covalent linkage to produce a core‐satellite superparamagnetic nanocomposite, termed MMCN composed of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) covalently bound to core mesoporous carbon nanoparticle (MCN). Magnetic separation is a very useful method for removing and recycling pollutant in the water by applying external magnetic field. SPIONs were good candidates that guide the MCN to desired sites using a magnet to achieve water purification. This method was used as an adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions.RESULTSThe magnetism of the MMCN nanocomposites was sufficient to be magnetically separated by applying a magnetic field. The MMCN was found to be a sufficient dye adsorbent with a maximum adsorption capacity of 250 mg g−1. Furthermore, the adsorbent could be regenerated and reused effectively by ethanol solution and allowed the treatment of wastewater contamination by MB in industry.CONCLUSIONThe MMCN nanocomposites obtained high dispersibility, superparamagnetic and good recyclability through PG mediated covalent linkage. The optical properties of these multifunctional nanocomposites indicate that they can be used for highly efficient removal of water pollutants such as dyes, that can be quickly separated by applying a magnetic field. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of community‐based support for adolescents receiving antiretroviral treatment: an operational research study in South Africa
Authors: Fatti Geoffrey , Jackson Debra , Goga Ameena E , Shaikh Najma , Eley Brian , Nachega Jean B , Grimwood Ashraf 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionAdolescents and youth receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) in sub‐Saharan Africa have high attrition and inadequate ART outcomes, and evaluations of interventions improving ART outcomes amongst adolescents are very limited. Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3c is to substantially increase the health workforce in developing countries. We measured the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of community‐based support (CBS) provided by lay health workers for adolescents and youth receiving ART in South Africa.MethodsA retrospective cohort study including adolescents and youth who initiated ART at 47 facilities. Previously unemployed CBS‐workers provided home‐based ART‐related education, psychosocial support, symptom screening for opportunistic infections and support to access government grants. Outcomes were compared between participants who received CBS plus standard clinic‐based care versus participants who received standard care only. Cumulative incidences of all‐cause mortality and loss to follow‐up (LTFU), adherence measured using medication possession ratios (MPRs), CD4 count slope, and virological suppression were analysed using multivariable Cox, competing‐risks regression, generalized estimating equations and mixed‐effects models over five years of ART. An expenditure approach was used to determine the incremental cost of CBS to usual care from a provider perspective. Incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios were calculated as annual cost per patient‐loss (through death or LTFU) averted.ResultsAmongst 6706 participants included, 2100 (31.3%) received CBS. Participants who received CBS had reduced mortality, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.52 (95% CI: 0.37 to 0.73; p < 0.0001). Cumulative LTFU was 40% lower amongst participants receiving CBS (29.9%) compared to participants without CBS (38.9%), aHR = 0.60 (95% CI: 0.51 to 0.71); p < 0.0001). The effectiveness of CBS in reducing attrition ranged from 42.2% after one year to 35.9% after five years. Virological suppression was similar after three years, but after five years 18.8% CBS participants versus 37.2% non‐CBS participants failed to achieve viral suppression, adjusted odds ratio = 0.24 (95% CI: 0.06 to 1.03). There were no significant differences in MPR or CD4 slope. The cost of CBS was US$49.5/patient/year. The incremental cost per patient‐loss averted was US$600 and US$776 after one and two years, respectively.ConclusionsCBS for adolescents and youth receiving ART was associated with substantially reduced patient attrition, and is a low‐cost intervention with reasonable cost‐effectiveness that can aid progress towards several health, economic and equality‐related SDG targets.
HIV and AIDS among adolescents who use drugs: opportunities for drug policy reform within the sustainable development agenda
Authors: Tinasti Khalid 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe international community's commitment to halve by 2015 the HIV transmission among people who inject drugs has not only been largely missed, instead new HIV infections have increased by 30%. Moreover, drug injection remains one of the drivers of new HIV infections due to punitive responses and lack of harm reduction resourcing. In the midst of this situation, adolescents are a forgotten component of the global response to illegal drugs and their link with HIV infection. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present an opportunity to achieve the global objective of ending AIDS among adolescents who use drugs, by addressing the structural vulnerabilities they face be they economic, social, criminal, health‐related or environmental.DiscussionThe implementation of the SDGs presents an opportunity to address the horizontal nature of drug policy and to efficiently address the drugs‐adolescents‐HIV risk nexus. Adolescent‐focused drug policies are linked to goals 1, 3, 4, 10, 16 and 17. Goals 3 and 16 are the most relevant; the targets of the latter link to the criminalization of drug use and punitive policy environments and their impact on adolescents' health and HIV transmission risks. Moreover, it presents an opportunity to include adolescent needs that are missing in the three drug control conventions (1961, 1971 and 1988), and link them with the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989). Finally, the six principles to deliver on sustainable development are also an opportunity to divert adolescents who use drugs away from criminalization and punitive environments in which their vulnerability to HIV is greater.ConclusionsAddressing HIV among adolescents who use drugs is an extremely complex policy issue depending on different sets of binding and non‐binding commitments, interventions and stakeholders. The complexity requires a horizontal response provided by the SDGs framework, starting with the collection of disaggregated data on this specific subgroup. Ending AIDS among adolescents who use drugs requires the implementation of national drugs and HIV plans based on the multi‐sectoral approach and the transformative nature of the SDGs, to provide a comprehensive response to the epidemic among this key affected subgroup.
The effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on carbon sequestration, soil properties, and crop yields from a long‐term field experiment under a Swiss conventional farming system
Authors: Maltas Alexandra , Kebli Hedi , Oberholzer Hans Rudolf , Weisskopf Peter , Sinaj Sokrat 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe effects of mineral fertilizers and organic amendments on soil properties, carbon (C) sequestration, and crop yields are studied in a 37‐year field experiment, Phosphorus–Potassium‐balanced design, in Switzerland.Treatments included a control (mineral fertilization) without nitrogen (N) fertilizers (Min‐N0) and with optimal N (Min‐Nopt) and 5 organic amendments (green manure [Gm], cereal straw [Str], fresh cattle manure in 2 doses 35 and 70 t ha−1 [Ma35 and Ma70] and cattle slurry [Slu]) all receiving the same optimal N fertilization as Min‐Nopt. All mineral and organic treatments received optimum P–K fertilization.Nitrogen fertilization (Min‐Nopt vs. Min‐N0) increased soil organic C, microbial activity, and microporosity but decreased pH, magnesium, and macroporosity. All organic treatments with optimal mineral N resulted in higher soil organic C content compared with Min‐Nopt, however, these effects were significant only for the highest dose of manure. The organic amendments supplied 25% to 80% additional C input to the soil compared with Min‐Nopt, and their amendment‐C retention coefficients ranged from 1.6% (Gm) to 13.6% (Ma70). Chemical, physical, and biological soil properties were not or slightly significantly different among organic treatments. Nevertheless, soils fertilized with farmyard manure produced generally higher grain yield (up to 7.3%) compared with Min‐Nopt whereas the opposite effect was noted for Gm (−2.2%) and Str (−5.2%) treatments due to their negative effect on N availability. In conclusion, Gm and Str treatments were as effectives as Ma35 and Slu treatments to prevent soil degradation but required higher chemical fertilizer to maintain crop yield.
Close visual bridge inspection using a UAV with a passive rotating spherical shell
Authors: Salaan Carl John O. , Okada Yoshito , Mizutani Shoma , Ishii Takuma , Koura Keishi , Ohno Kazunori , Tadokoro Satoshi 
Published: February 2018

AbstractToday, robots are expected to be used for the inspection of infrastructures such as bridges. One important task in bridge inspection is to acquire clear images of its various parts for further damage evaluation. However, this task has not yet been completely realized because of the complexity of bridge structures. For this situation, a UAV with a passive rotating spherical shell (PRSS) that can easily maneuver while protecting itself is introduced. In this paper, we explain the development of the PRSS unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based on the design strategy. We then analyze its performance through simulated bridge inspection. Finally, we discuss the results of actual bridge experiments. The spherical shell has a size ( 0.95 m) and structure (fullerene) that is well‐suited for bridge inspection applications. It can also handle an impact equivalent to 2 m/s, which is more than the UAV's maximum flight speed. Test flight experiment also validated the characteristic of PRSS that shows a stable flight during disturbances. The image test also shows that the visual system can provide a full overhead view of the bridge. Likewise, it can detect a 0.1‐mm wide line that replicates the damage (e.g., a crack) from a position 0.5 m away and while the camera moves at 0.3 m/s. These characteristics have yielded a system that can acquire inspection images from critical parts of the bridge. An evaluation by third parties confirmed the effectiveness of the system. Further, the system satisfies the mandatory requirements of the Next Generation Robots for Social Infrastructure (NGRSI) program.
Newton's laws as an interpretive framework in system dynamics
Authors: Hayward John , Roach Paul A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes an interpretative framework for system dynamics models using concepts from Newtonian mechanics. By considering the second derivative form of a model, it is shown that Newton's three laws of motion have their equivalent in system dynamics, with forces between stocks being determined using the loop impact method. The concepts of mass, inertia, momentum and friction are explored as to their usefulness in understanding model behaviour. The Newtonian framework is applied to two standard system dynamics models—inventory–workforce and economic long‐wave—where their behaviour is analyzed using force dominance on the stocks. Results show improved intuitive understanding of system behaviour compared with existing dominance methods, particularly for models with exogenous effects, oscillations and many loops. The framework is commended for further exploration.Copyright © 2018 System Dynamics Society
Detection of Lead Using a Sensitive Anodic Stripping Voltammetric Method Based on Composite Mesoporous Silica/Bismuth Oxychloride Modified Electrode
Authors: Song Yiyan , Jiang Huijun , Shi Xueyan , Chen Jin , Wu Yuan , Wei Wei 
Published: February 2018

AbstractExposure to lead in the environment and food poses severe threat to human health especially for the nervous and hemopoietic system, of which children are more vulnerable than adults. In this study, a sensitive detection platform aimed at the blood lead sample was developed based on BiOCl‐KIT‐6 composite materials modified glassy carbon electrode (BiOCl‐KIT‐6/GCE). The BiOCl‐KIT‐6 composites of varied molar ratio of Bi/Si with a litchi‐like surface structure are facilely prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The synthesized composites and modified electrode were characterized by a combination of physicochemical as well as electrochemical methods. Under optimized experimental conditions, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was employed to determine the lead concentration using BiOCl‐KIT‐6/GCE, which exhibits a good electrochemical response to Pb (II) with linear calibration curves ranging from 0.2 to 10 and 10 to 300 μg/L and a detection limit of 33 ng/L. The constructed sensor was also successfully used for the electrochemical determination of lead‐spiked human blood sample with desirable accuracy.
Mobilizing private finance for coastal adaptation: A literature review
Authors: Bisaro Alexander , Hinkel Jochen 
Published: February 2018

Coastal adaptation can reduce climate change impacts and investing now, though costly, will bring greater benefits over the longer term, particularly in urban areas. Yet public actors currently cover a small fraction of needed coastal adaptation investments, a finance gap set to widen as coastal adaptation costs continue to increase. Mobilizing private finance for coastal adaptation is thus a salient challenge, as emphasized in the Paris Agreement. Key under‐researched dimensions of this challenge are what promotes private investment in coastal adaptation and how can public actors’ interest in adaptation be aligned with private investor interests. To address this, we review the literatures on coastal adaptation finance and on financial arrangements involving both public actors and private investors. We describe key actors and interests, and identify coastal financial arrangements that align public actor and private investor interests, finding that private provisioning, public–private Partnerships (PPP), and public debt arrangements are promising. We then survey empirical examples, finding that private provisioning attracts investment when returns are high, for example, in urban real estate, and that PPPs attract dredging and construction companies’ investment, particularly for adaptation measures with a large share of operational costs, for example, beach nourishment. We find little evidence of institutional investment through public debt instruments. A number of policy instruments, for example, concessional loans, tax incentives, and standards, may address this gap and enhance private coastal adaptation investment. Our results are also relevant for other sectors that involve long‐term infrastructure adaptation measures.This article is categorized under:Climate Economics > Iterative Risk‐Management Policy PortfoliosVulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Learning from Cases and Analogies