bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions among Glyphosate and Phosphate in Soils: Laboratory Retention and Transport Studies
Authors: Padilla Joshua T. , Selim H. Magdi 
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of PO4 on the sorption and transport of glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl) glycine, GPS] in soils. The results of batch experiments indicated significant competition between PO4 and GPS in two different soils, with PO4 being preferentially sorbed. The 24‐h Freundlich partitioning coefficients for GPS sorption were decreased by 50 to 60% with PO4 in solution. High sorptive capacities exhibited by soils in the presence of PO4 suggest the existence of both competitive and ion specific sites in either soil. Miscible displacement transport studies indicated limited effects of competition when GPS was applied in conjunction with or subsequent to pulses of PO4. However, when a PO4 pulse was applied after the application of a GPS pulse, a secondary GPS breakthrough was observed where an additional 4% of the applied herbicide mass was recovered in the effluent solution. This is likely attributed to the PO4–mediated displacement of GPS bound to competitive sites. These results are further emphasized by the distribution of residual herbicide in this column, with enrichment of mass at lower depths in the column and a corresponding decrease in GPS mass closer to the column surface. These results indicate that the timing of inorganic P fertilizers relative to GPS applications has a significant impact on the fate of the herbicide in soils. In particular, these findings suggest that GPS may be more liable to leaching in scenarios in which P fertilizers are applied after the application of GPS‐based herbicidal formulations.Core Ideas
Sorption of glyphosate by soils is decreased in the presence of phosphate.
Phosphate can displace soil‐bound glyphosate.
Timing of phosphate application affects the mobility and fate of glyphosate in soils.
Histopathology in HCM
Authors: Tejado Beatriz San Millán , Jou Cristina 
Published: October 2018

[first paragraph of article]Histopathology in patients with HCM is characterized by disarray of the overall architecture of the hypertrophied myocytes, which appear branched and may be intermingled with a variable amount of interstitial fibrosis. These changes may be patched and must be distinguished from the non-specific physiological disarrangement of the junctional area of the septum and the apex. The myocardial cell diameter is another important indicator of hypertrophy. Under normal conditions it ranges from 5–12 μm in diameter. Anything up to 20 μm may be indicative of mild hypertrophy. In moderate hypertrophy cardiocyte diameter is up to 25 μm and moderate to severe hypertrophy is usually between 25-30 μm. For diameters greater than 30 μm severe hypertrophy must be suspected.
An improved two-step parameter adjustment method for the optimization of a reservoir operation function model based on repeated principal component analysis and a genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Xuan , Chen Xiao , Cui Quan , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This paper presents an improved two-step parameter adjustment method for the construction of a reservoir operation function model, by using repeated principal component analysis (PCA) and a genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize parameters in conventional multiple regression models. The first step is to use repeated PCA, to exclude the co-linear parameters in a multiple regression expression reflecting relationships among possible impact factors of reservoir operation, so as to form an initial reservoir operation function model. The second step is to use a GA to optimize the model constructed in the first step, and to compare its effects with other regression methods. The results show that the proposed reservoir operation function model can produce better results, which correlate water volume for power generation, input discharge, water level, and ecological flow. Compared with established scheduling schemes, the optimized scheme increases the water volume for power generation by 1.06 × 109 m3/yr, and the optimized result generates an increase in economic benefits of 3.22 × 107 yuan/yr (i.e., 4.69 × 106 USD/yr).
Potential of Araucaria angustifolia bark as adsorbent to remove Gentian Violet dye from aqueous effluents
Authors: Georgin Jordana , Drumm Fernanda Caroline , Grassi Patrícia , Franco Dison , Allasia Daniel , Dotto Guilherme Luiz 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Araucaria angustifolia bark (AA-bark), a waste generated in wood processing, was evaluated as a potential adsorbent to remove Gentian Violet (GV) dye from aqueous solutions. The AA-bark presented an amorphous structure with irregular surface and was composed mainly of lignin and holocellulose. These characteristics indicated that the adsorbent contains available sites to accommodate the dye molecules. The GV adsorption on AA-bark was favored at pH 8.0 with adsorbent dosage of 0.80 g L−1. Pseudo-nth order model was adequate to represent the adsorption kinetics of GV on AA-bark. A fast adsorption rate was verified, with the equilibrium being attained within 30 min. Equilibrium data were well represented by the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity was 305.3 mg g−1. Adsorption was spontaneous, favorable and endothermic. AA-bark was able to treat a simulated dye house effluent, reaching color removal values of 80%. An excellent performance was found in fixed bed experiments, where the length of the mass transfer zone was only 5.38 cm and the breakthrough time was 138.5 h. AA-bark can be regenerated two times using HNO3 0.5 mol L−1. AA-bark can be used as a low-cost material to treat colored effluents in batch and fixed bed adsorption systems.
Presentation and evaluation of the zero-dimensional biofilm model 0DBFM
Authors: Plattes Mario 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
A zero-dimensional biofilm model, i.e. 0DBFM, has been developed for dynamic simulation of moving bed bioreactors (MBBRs). This mini-review aims at presenting and evaluating 0DBFM. 0DBFM is presented in Petersen matrix format and is based on the activated sludge model ASM1, which is an explicit and quite complex model (eight processes, 13 state variables, and 19 parameters) that has found wide application in engineering practice. 0DBFM is thus based on existing knowledge in biological wastewater treatment. The ASM1 approach has been confirmed by respirometry since the resulting respirograms were successfully simulated with ASM1. 0DBFM distinguishes between attached and suspended biomass and incorporates attachment of suspended matter from the bulk liquid onto the biofilm and detachment of biofilm into the bulk liquid. Still, 0DBFM respects the golden rule of modelling, which says that ‘models should be as simple as possible and as complex as needed’ and resists Occam's razor. The practicability of 0DBFM has been shown on a pilot-scale plant since nine days of wastewater treatment were successfully simulated and effluent quality was dynamically predicted. Finally, 0DBFM can be inspiring and the applicability of 0DBFM to other biofilm systems can be tested.
Anti-leishmanial Nanotherapeutics: A Current Perspective
Authors: Shah Aditi , Gupta Souvik Sen 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Leishmaniasis is a dreaded disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus
Leishmania which results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are no vaccines available currently
for the treatment of Leishmaniasis and chemotherapy still remains the mainstay for anti-leishmanial therapeutics.
However, toxicity, reduced bioavailability, high cost and chemoresistance are the principal problems which limit the
use of the available drugs. In this context, anti-leishmanial nanotherapeutics may show the way for effective treatment
of this dreaded disease.

Methods:
We carried out extensive literature search of bibliographic database using keywords strictly within the
scope of the present study for peer reviewed research articles. We focused specifically on articles related to the application
of nanotechnology in drug development, drug delivery and vaccine delivery for anti-leishmanial therapeutics.

Results:
This study shows the immense potential of the application of nanotechnology in the field of anti-leishmanial
therapeutics. This will aid the targeted delivery of different drugs which is expected to increase the bioavailability,
reduce toxicity and also address the problem of chemoresistance.

Conclusion:
We surmise that exciting research in the field of anti-leishmanial nanotherapeutics is already showing
the promise for effective applicability. Though direct use of nanoparticles as therapeutic agents does not seem to be a
good option, the application of nanotechnology in this field for vaccine development is still in its early days. The
nano based drug delivery system for anti-leishmanial therapeutics has evolved considerably over the past ten years
and holds the potential to drastically change the landscape of anti-leishmanial therapeutics.
Bimetallic Catalyzed N-arylation Used in Synthesis of Novel β-carbolines Derivatives
Authors: Cai Rui , Zhu Li , Wang Pengfei , Zhao Yu 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Natural occurring β-Carbolines alkaloids are abundant in the plant kingdom
or other organisms, and they were found to possess good antitumor activity through multiple
mechanisms. Based on previous summarized SARs of β-carboline derivatives, the modification on
pyridine ring would have a great impact on their antitumor activities. Therefore, we plan to synthesized
arylated β-carboline-3-amides to find more valuable β-Carbolines derivatives.

Methods:
A novel bimetallic Pd(OAc)2/AgOAc catalyst system was developed for the amidation of
aryl iodides under acid condition. A series of N-arylated β-carbolines derivatives were synthesized
using this method. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and
HRMS, and their in vitro antiproliferative activity was investigated against HepG2 and Hela tumor
cell lines by MTT assay.

Results:
Eleven N-arylated β-carboline-3-amides were synthesized using this bimetallic catalyzed
method in 58-98% yields. These synthesized N-arylated compounds showed no antiproliferative
activity at 20 μM.

Conclusion:
We have discovered an efficient and bimetallic catalytic system allowing the Narylation
of secondary acyclic amides. This is the first report that N-arylation of aliphatic secondary
acyclic amides under acid condition.
Conceptual Model of Medication Adherence in Older Adults with High Blood Pressure-An Integrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Oori Mehdi Jafari , Mohammadi Farahnaz , Norouzi Kian , Fallahi-Khoshknab Masoud , Ebadi Abbas 
Published: October 2018

Background:Medication adherence (MA) is the most important controlling factor of high blood pressure (HBP). There are a few MA models, but they have not been successful in predicting MA completely. Thus, this study aimed to expand a conceptual model of MA based on an ecological approach.Methods:An integrative review of the literature based on theoretical and empirical studies was completed. Data source comprised: Medline (including PubMed and Ovid), ISI, Embase, Google scholar, and internal databases such as Magiran, Google, SID, and internal magazines. Primary English and Persian language studies were collected from 1940 to 2018. The steps of study included: (a) problem identification, (b) literature review and extracting studies, (c) appraising study quality, (d) gathering data, (e) data analysis using the directed content analysis, (f) concluding.Results:Thirty-six articles were finally included and analyzed. After analysis, predictors of MA in older adults with hypertension were categorized into personal, interpersonal, organizational, and social factors. Although the personal factors have the most predictors in sub-categories of behavioral, biological, psychological, knowledge, disease, and medication agents, social, organizational and interpersonal factors can have indirect and important effects on elderly MA.Conclusion:There are many factors influencing MA of elderly with HBP. The personal factor has the most predictors. The designed model of MA because of covering all predictor factors, can be considered as a comprehensive MA model. It is suggested that future studies should select factors for study from all levels of the model.
Validation of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Electrospray Ionization Method for Quantitative Determination of Ornidazole in Solid Dispersion
Authors: Agrawal Gopal Prasad , Maheshwari Rajesh Kumar , Mishra Pradeep 
Published: October 2018

Background and Objective:
The present study describes the UPLC-MS/MS method validation
for the analysis of ornidazole in solid dispersion.

Methods:
The proposed UPLC-MS/MS method utilizes BEH Shield RP18 column (2.1 mm 100 mm,
1.7 μm) with a gradient programmed mobile phase composed of water and acetonitrile at a flow rate of
0.4 mL/min which varies with time program. Ornidazole was detected by UPLC-MS/MS with three
proton adducts at m/z 82.04, 128.05 as daughter ions and 220.03 as a parent ion in Multiple Reaction
Monitoring (MRM) operated in positive mode.

Results:
Adducts at m/z 128.05 was found to be the most stable and showed higher intensity was selected
for quantification of ornidaozle in solid dispersion. In the method, validation linearity was determined
at concentration range of 10-100ng/mL and a correlation coefficient was found (r2) ≥0.9994. The
limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 1.5 and 4 ng/mL, respectively. Inter and
Intra-day precision was found within 0.33 and 0.11% and accuracy within 100.08% and 100.04%.

Conclusion:
A sensitive and selective UPLC-MS/MS method had been validated for the analysis of
ornidazole in solid dispersion. The proposed method of analysis of ornidazole in solid dispersion can be
used in quality control laboratories.
IL-1β and IL-1Ra Variant Profiles in Turkish Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Nursal Ayse Feyda , Inanir Ahmet , Rustemoglu Aydın , Uzun Suheyla , Sahin Kubra , Yigit Serbulent 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications
of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was conducted to investigate the possible association
between interleukin-1β (IL-1β) rs16944 /IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) VNTR variants and
genetic susceptibility to DPN in a Turkish cohort.

Methods:
A total of 200 subjects were enrolled in this study, 98 patients with DPN and 102 cases of
age and sex-matched healthy controls. Genotyping was performed for all individuals using PCR-RFLP
analysis.

Results:
IL-1β rs16944 CC genotype had a 3.20-fold increased risk for DPN (p=0.0003, OR=3.20,
95% Cl:1.72-5.96). IL-1β rs16944 CT genotype was higher in healthy control than patients (p=0.004).
IL-1β rs16944 C allele was higher in the patient group compared to controls while T allele was lower
in patients than controls (p=0.003). IL-1Ra VNTR a1/a1 and a2/a2 genotypes were lower in DPN patients
while a1/a2 genotype was higher in patients (p=0.045). The patients carrying a1/T haplotype
had decreased risk of DPN than control groups (p=0.004). The patients carrying a2/a2 genotype had
lower HDL level (p=0.039). The subjects carrying a2/a2 genotype had higher total cholesterol level
while the subjects carrying a1/a2 genotype had lower total cholesterol (p=0.026 and p=0.037, respectively).
IL-1Ra a1 allele was associated with higher HDL level (p=0.041).

Conclusion:
Findings of this study indicated that the IL-1β rs16944 and IL-1Ra VNTR variants are
probably to be associated with susceptibility DPN risk in a Turkish cohort.
An Integral Equation Model for a Pile in a Layered Transversely Isotropic Saturated Soil
Authors: Fabrice Uwiduhaye , Lu Jian-Fei , Jin Dan-Dan 
Published: October 2018

Objective:In this paper, an integral equation model is established to predict the time-dependent response of a vertically loaded pile embedded in a layered Transversely Isotropic Saturated Soil (TISS).Methods:Based on the fictitious pile method, the pile-soil system is decomposed into an extended saturated half-space and a fictitious pile. The extended half-space is treated as a layered TISS, while the fictitious pile is considered as a 1D bar. The pile-soil compatibility is accomplished by requiring that the axial strain of the fictitious pile be equal to the vertical strain of the extended layered TISS along the axis of the pile. The second kind Fredholm integral equation of the pile is then derived by using the aforementioned compatibility condition and the fundamental solution of the layered TISS, which is equivalent to the solution of the layered TISS subjected to a uniformly-distributed load acting vertically over a circular area with the radius equal to that of the pile. The fundamental solution of the layered TISS is obtainedviathe Reflection-Transmission Matrix (RTM) method for the layered TISS. Applying the Laplace transform to the Fredholm integral equation, and solving the resulting integral equation, the transformed solution is obtained. The time domain solution of the pile-soil system is retrievedviathe inverse Laplace transform.Results and Conclusion:Numerical results of this paper agree with existing solutions very well, validating the proposed pile-soil interaction model. A parametric study is carried out to examine the influence of some parameters on the response of the pile-soil system.
The Epidemiology and Management of Bell’s Palsy in the Sudan
Authors: Mustafa Ahmed Hassan Kamil , Sulaiman Ahmed Mohammed 
Published: October 2018

Background:
Bell’s palsy is an acute idiopathic facial nerve paralysis of sudden onset. It is the most common cause of lower motor neuron facial nerve paralysis with an annual incidence of 15-30 per 100,000.
The objective of this work is to study the prevalence and the management of Bell’s palsy in the Sudan. A descreptive retrospective cross-sectional study was carried at Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital, Khartoum General Teaching Hospital.
In the retrospective, the records and files of 698 patients with Bell’s palsy, were reviewed in relation to age, gender, site, risk factors, season, and type of treatment.
In addition, 48 patients with Bell’s palsy were evaluated using the House–Brackman scale in relation to the above-mentioned variables.
Therefore, a total number of 746 cases were studied. Fifty five percent of them were females and the remaining 45% were males, around 38% of them were in the age group 21-40 year. Fifty seven percent of the patients were affected on the right side of the face. Winter was the commonest season of onset where 53.5% of the cases occurred. Steroids are the commonly prescribed drugs in majority of the cases, accounting for 47.3%.

Study Design:
The study is a retrospective cross sectional hospital based study. The study was carried out in Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital and in the Physiotherapy Department of Khartoum Teaching General hospital.
The files and records of the patients with Bell’s palsy in Khartoum Teaching Dental Hospital in the years 1/1/2004 -31/12/2008, and Khartoum Teaching General Hospital (physiotherapy department) in the years 2007- July 2009 (total number 746).

Results:
A total number of 746 cases were studied . Fifty five percent of them were females and the remaining 45% were male. Around 38% of them were in the group 21-40 year. Fifty seven percent of the patients were affected on the right side of the face. Winter was the commonest season of the onset where 53.5% of the cases occurred.

Conclusion:
The study showed predominance of females. A peak incidence was seen in the age group 21-40 years. A predilection was found for the right side of face.
Microbiological Response to Periodontal Therapy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Checchi Vittorio , Pascolo Gaia 
Published: October 2018

Background:Periodontitis is a multifactorial infection caused by a complex of pathogenic bacterial species that induce the destruction of periodontal structures.Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate the presence and bacterial load of six periodontal pathogens bacteria, measured at initial visit and after osseous surgery in patients affected by chronic periodontitis and treated between 2005 and 2007.Methods:This cohort study was carried out on a sample of 38 consecutive patients affected by severe chronic periodontitis, diagnosed at baseline on the basis of probing depths equal to 6.68 ± 1.47 mm. On each subject, a microbiological test was performed before periodontal initial therapy and after osseous surgery (one year later). Five compromised teeth were chosen for each patient (the same teeth, before and after surgery), for a total of 190 teeth. Real-time PCR based analysis computed total bacterial load of the samples and quantified six periodontal pathogens:Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia,Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatumandPrevotella intermedia. Data collection was made consulting medical charts.Results:Pocket probing depth reduction after surgery was 4.50 ± 1.54 mm (p=0.0001). The mean number of sites with bleeding at baseline was 2.08 ± 1.17 and 0.58 ± 1.00 after surgery (p=0.001). The mean number of sites with suppuration at baseline was 0.26 ± 0.86 and 0 after surgery (p=0.02). Cell count of each pathogen and total cell count were significantly higher at baseline than after surgery. Almost all bacteria presented a mean percentage reduction equal to that of the total count, except forAaandPi,which seemed to show a greater resistance. The difference of bacterial load, both before and after surgery, between smokers and non-smokers was not statistically significant (p<0.05). A statistically significant correlation was detected between pocket probing depth variation and bleeding on probing variation before and after the surgery, controlling for age (r=0.6,p=0.001). No significant correlations were observed between pocket probing depth and bacterial loads, except forPg(r=0.5,p=0.001),Tf(r=0.6,p=0.001) andTd(r=0.4,p=0.02).Conclusions:Reduction of presence and bacterial load of the examined periodontal pathogens bacteria after osseous surgery, along with periodontal pocket reduction, appeared to be essential to achieve and maintain periodontal stability over years.
Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Involving Anterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Khatri Kavin , Arora Hobinder , Chaudhary Sanjay , Goyal Darsh 
Published: October 2018

Background:Arthroscopic repair is gaining popularity over open repair for the treatment of bankart lesions. The study aims to evaluate the outcome of arthroscopic repair with open repair in randomised controlled trials conducted comparing the two techniques.Methods:We searched the Cochrane library, PubMed and EMBASE up to December 2017 for clinical trials comparing the outcomes of arthroscopic bankart repair with open bankart repair. We used fixed or random effects model depending upon heterogenicity. Dichotomous variables were presented as Risk Ratios (RRs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), and continuous data were measured as measured differences with 95% CIs.Result:Five studies were included, with sample size ranging from 42 to 196. Fixed effect analysis showed that the shoulder was more stable in open repair (RR=0.897, 95% CI: 0.821 to 0.980, P= 0.94) but the loss of external rotation at shoulder joint was also higher in those had open repair (RR=0.325, SMD=-0.411, 95% CI: -1.229 to 0.407). The functional outcome assessed by Rowe score was better in open repair (P=0.325). The operative time was lesser in arthroscopic repair but was not statistically significant (P=0.085).Conclusion:Our meta-analysis showed that the use of arthroscopic repair though offers better shoulder movement but the open repair is superior in terms of shoulder stability.