bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bronchiolitis: an update on management and prophylaxis
Authors: Karampatsas Konstantinos , Kong Jonathan , Cohen Jonathan 
Published: May 2019

Bronchiolitis is an acute respiratory illness that is the leading cause of hospitalization in young children less than 2 years of age in the UK. Respiratory syncytial virus is the most common virus associated with bronchiolitis and has the highest disease severity, mortality and cost. Bronchiolitis is generally a self-limiting condition, but can have serious consequences in infants who are very young, premature, or have underlying comorbidities. Management of bronchiolitis in the UK is guided by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2015) guidance. The mainstays of management are largely supportive, consisting of fluid management and respiratory support. Pharmacological interventions including nebulized bronchodilators, steroids and antibiotics generally have limited or no evidence of efficacy and are not advised by National Institute of Health and Care Excellence. Antiviral therapeutics remain in development. As treatments are limited, there have been extensive efforts to develop vaccines, mainly targeting respiratory syncytial virus. At present, the only licensed product is a monoclonal antibody for passive immunisation. Its cost restricts its use to those at highest risk. Vaccines for active immunisation of pregnant women and young infants are also being developed.
“Canada Needs All Our Food-Power”
Authors: Strikwerda Eric 
Published: May 2019

This article examines the political economy of nutrition as a state-sponsored strategy to extract greater productivity from industrial workers in both wartime and peacetime. During World War II, the state, together with its munitions-industry allies, broadly considered workers’ nutritional health as a critical component to achieving maximum wartime industrial production. Following the war, both the state and industry imagined the nutritional health of workers’ bodies as crucial to Canada’s postwar prosperity. Facilitating as well as frustrating these largely state-directed nutrition agendas was a combination of medico-scientific knowledge, the sometimes uncertain and unpredictable participation of both employers and workers, and wider national and international historical contexts.

Cet article examine l’économie politique de la nutrition en tant que stratégie parrainée par l’État pour accroître la productivité des travailleurs industriels, en temps de guerre comme en temps de paix. Au cours de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, l’État et ses alliés de l’industrie des munitions ont largement considéré la santé nutritionnelle des travailleurs comme un élément essentiel pour parvenir à une production industrielle maximale en temps de guerre. Après la guerre, l’État et l’industrie ont tous deux estimé que la santé nutritionnelle des corps des travailleurs était essentielle à la prospérité du Canada d’après-guerre. Faciliter mais aussi frustrer ces programmes nutritionnels largement dirigés par les États était une combinaison des connaissances médicales et scientifiques, une participation parfois incertaine et imprévisible des employeurs et des travailleurs, et des contextes historiques nationaux et internationaux plus vastes.
More Dangerous Than Many a Pamphlet or Propaganda Book
Authors: Luciuk Kassandra 
Published: May 2019

For Ukrainian Canadian leftists, the 1920s represented a golden age of domestic cultural production. The strict hierarchy that constituted the communist movement in the 1930s was not yet extant, and the realm of possibilities was limited only by the imagination of the organization itself. The material produced in this period was neither crass agitprop nor cheap melodrama. Rather, it was bottom-up expressions of proletarian high culture and organic reflections of the social, economic, and political realities that constituted the experiences of Ukrainian progressives in Canada. As such, in the 1920s, the theatre served as the movement’s most effective vehicle for political propaganda and ethnocultural instruction.

Pour les gauchistes ukrainiens canadiens, les années 1920 représentaient l’âge d’or de la production culturelle nationale. La stricte hiérarchie qui constituait le mouvement communiste dans les années 1930 n’était pas encore existante et le domaine des possibilités n’était limité que par l’imagination de l’organisation elle-même. Le matériel produit à cette époque n’était ni grossier agitprop ni bon mélodrame. Il s’agissait plutôt d’expressions ascendantes de la haute culture prolétarienne et de réflexions organiques sur les réalités sociales, économiques et politiques qui constituaient les expériences des progressistes ukrainiens au Canada. En tant que tel, dans les années 1920, le théâtre constituait le moyen le plus efficace du mouvement pour la propagande politique et l’instruction ethnoculturelle.
“Maybe We Shouldn’t Laugh So Loud”
Authors: Nourpanah Shiva 
Published: May 2019

My research explores the labour conditions experienced by foreign nurses employed in health care in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada, on temporary permits. I draw on ethnographic interviews to understand the nuanced ways in which foreign nurses feel welcomed in their local communities and workplaces, yet simultaneously remain subject to hostile racialized scrutiny. Nova Scotia is one of the least ethnically diverse provinces in Canada and one of the most economically impoverished. It faces a shortage of healthcare workers, exacerbated by the ongoing restructuring of the healthcare sector. These contextual factors contribute to the complicated push-pull matrix discussed by the temporary foreign nurses, who feel needed, but not wanted. This matrix cannot be dismissed as simply the racism and “backwardness” of local communities. Rather, it must be understood through a political economy focus on temporary foreign workers, restructured health care, and the normalization of a precarious labour landscape in which racialized foreign and local workers are pitted against each other.

Mes travaux de recherche portent sur les conditions de travail subies par les infirmiers et les infirmières étrangers de permis temporaire employés dans les soins de santé dans la province de la Nouvelle-Écosse, Canada. Je m’appuie sur des entretiens ethnographiques afin de saisir les façons nuancées dont les infirmiers étrangers se sentent bien accueillis dans leurs collectivités, et en même temps font encore l’objet d’un contrôle racialisé hostile. La Nouvelle-Écosse est l’une des provinces les moins diversifiées sur le plan ethnique au Canada, ainsi que l’une des provinces les plus économiquement démunies. Elle est en outre aux prises avec une pénurie de travailleurs de la santé, aggravée par la restructuration en cours dans le secteur de la santé. Ces facteurs contextuels contribuent à la matrice complexe du « pousser/tirer » examinée par les infirmiers étrangers temporaires qui se sentent nécessaires, mais non désirés. On ne peut écarter cette matrice comme s’il s’agissait simplement du racisme et du « retard » des collectivités locales. Elle doit plutôt être comprise en mettant l’accent à caractère de l’économie politique sur les travailleurs étrangers temporaires, les soins de santé restructurés, et la normalisation d’un marché du travail précaire dans lequel les travailleurs racialisés, étrangers et domestiques, sont dressés les uns contre les autres.
Mechanical properties of bulk-fill versus nanohybrid composites: effect of layer thickness and application protocols
Authors: Cilingir Aylin , Ozsoy Alev , Mert Eren Meltem , Behram Ozge , Dikmen Benin , Ozcan Mutlu 
Published: May 2019

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the compressive strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of high-viscosity, low-viscosity bulk-fill, and conventional nano-hybrid resin composite materials alone and when covered with nano-hybrid resin composite at different incremental thicknesses on the bulk-fill composites. Materials and Methods: Specimens (N=60) were fabricated from the following materials or their combinations (n=10 per group): a) conventional nano-hybrid composite Z550 (FK), b) high-viscosity bulk-fill composite (Tetric N Ceram-TBF), c) low-viscosity bulk-fill composite SDR (SDR), d) Sonicfill (SF), e) SDR (2 mm)+FK (2 mm), f) SDR (4 mm)+FK (4 mm). After 24 h water storage, compressive strength was measured in a universal testing machine (1 mm/min). Additional specimens (N=40) (25x2x2 mm3) were made from FK, TBF, SDR and SF in order to determine the flexural strength and the flexural modulus, (n=10) and subjected to three-point bending test (0.5 mm/min). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tamhane’s T2 post-hoc tests (p<0.05). Results: The mean compressive strength (MPa) of the nano-hybrid composite (FK) was significantly higher (223.8±41.3) than those of the other groups (123±27 - 170±24) (p<0.001). SDR (4 mm)+FK (2 mm) showed significantly higher compressive strength than when covered with 4 mm (143±30) or when used alone (146±11) (p<0.05). The mean flexural strength (159±31) and the flexural modulus of FK (34±7) was significantly higher than that of the high- or low-viscosity bulk-fill composites (p<0.001). The mean flexural strength of SF (132±20) was significantly higher compared to TBF (95±25) (p<0.05). Conclusion: Bulk-fill resin composites demonstrated poorer mechanical properties compared to nano-hybrid composite but similar to that of SF. Increasing the thickness of low-viscosity bulk-fill composite (SDR) from 2 to 4 mm underneath the nano-hybrid composite (FK) can improve the mechanical properties of the bulk-fill composites. KeywordsBulk-fill composites; Compressive strength; Flexural modulus; Flexural strength; Mechanical properties.
Organoids: life in three dimensions- a review
Authors: CNV Akhila , Prakash A Ravi , Kanth M Rajini , G Sreenath , K Sowmya , B Radhika 
Published: May 2019

Most of the diseases in humans are as a result of complex interactions occurring at cellular and molecular level. Research today has been focused in an attempt to reveal precisely the cellular evolution into pathogenesis. There are vast array of research fields, which include molecular biology, imaging techniques, etc. One of such field recently advancing worldwide is â€œOrganotypingâ€. It is the successor of two dimensional cell cultures. Miniature organs and disease models can be produced from cells having the ability to proliferate and differentiate, by adopting definite protocols. Organoids are the potential tools to probe human biology and diseases; thereby they may change the approach to study diseases and provide treatment, in a more beneficiary way to the patient. Also organoids are used in vaccine production, cancer research, microbiology, tissue regeneration, drug testing, etc. Clinical trials are more devastating and may cost life of patients included in study. As such, organoids can be included in the protocols of clinical trials, through which the outcome of the study can be estimated. They open the doors for newer research methods and innovations, which are in peak requirement of present day scenario where new diseases are emerging and the diseases already existing are not yet cured.Â Â Â
Roman som skuespill: Sjangerhybriditet i Erlend Loes Stille dager i Mixing Part
Authors: Humpál Martin 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Erlend Loe’s novel Stille dager i Mixing Part (2009, Quiet Days in Mixing Part) focuses on a marital crisis of a Norwegian couple on vacation in Germany. The husband, Bror Telemann, is a dramaturg who dreams of writing a major play, and he tries in vain to begin to write one. The novel is a third-person narrative, but it actually contains few narrative passages: most of the text consists of dialogues. The text is, in fact, a hybrid of two genres – part novel, part play. This seems to be a consciously chosen aesthetic strategy on Loe’s part. The main thematic aspects of Stille dager i Mixing Part are tied up with drama and theatre in various ways. This article shows how genre hybridity, aided by intertextual allusions, contributes to representing these main aspects.
Narrative Complexity and Cultural Relevance in the Name of Public Service Broadcasting: The Cases of Borgen and Herrens Veje
Authors: Hochscherf Tobias 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Danish television has been able to produce a remarkable number of successful primetime dramas over the last years from Forbrydelsen (The Killing, DR 2007-12) to Herrens Veje (Ride upon the Storm, DR 2017-). Many of them are Nordic Noir crime dramas, yet the list also includes political thrillers and family dramas. This article briefly summarizes main reasons for the prolific production environment at public service broadcaster Danmarks Radio (DR). Some of the exceptional circumstances of Danish television demonstrate why the relatively small country was able to produce shows that found devoted audiences around the world. While the DR production framework has received much attention, this article takes a closer look at narrative composition, issues of characterization and the presentation of themes. Analyzing the first episodes of Borgen (DR 2010-13) and Herrens Veje, the article proposes that it is specifically the combination of multiperspectivity of the leading protagonists and how their life is linked to wider cultural, social and political debates, that can be identified as one main outcome of the fruitful collaboration between DR and various creative personnel. While both shows adhere to the main characteristics of complex serial drama as identified by Jason Mittel and Trisha Dunleavy, there are also some noticeable differences, including their strong public service ethos, their unusual Danish settings, the avoidance of transgressive protagonists, character-centred storylines and their slow, indulgent pace.
Not All Entrepreneurs are Viewed Equally: A Social Dominance Theory Perspective on Access to Capital
Authors: Gutierrez Angelica S. , D’Mello Jason Francis 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Drawing on social dominance theory, the present research examines how the characteristics of a potential investor – namely, social dominance orientation (SDO) (i.e. the degree to which individuals seek to maintain inequality between groups) interacts with the characteristics of the entrepreneur (i.e. race) to influence capital decision-making. Study 1 found that as a function of individuals’ SDO, individuals supported a policy that would increase funding access to White but not minority entrepreneurs. Study 2 found that as a function of SDO, individuals were willing to invest in White but not minority-owned firms. The perceived threat of the entrepreneur’s success to the extant racial hierarchy explained differences in investment decisions. The present research in the field of entrepreneurship is the first to apply Social Dominance Theory and Social Dominance Orientation (Sidanius, J., and F. Pratto. 1999. Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press.), which have received much attention in social psychology and organizational behavior, to funding access and investment decisions. In doing so, these studies answer the call by (Klotz, A. C., and D. O. Neubaum. 2016. “Research on the Dark Side of Personality Traits in Entrepreneurship: Observations from an Organizational Behavior Perspective.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 40 (1): 7–17.) to examine the relationship between “darker” personality traits, such as SDO, and entrepreneurial outcomes.
Inclusory pronouns in Mande: The emergence of a typological rarum
Authors: Khachaturyan Maria 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper reviews inclusory constructions and pronouns in the Mande language family and proposes a diachronic account of their development. Inclusory constructions, which are found in several Mande languages, are a type of conjunction strategy where the whole set of participants – the superset – and a subset of participants are expressed, as in Dan-Gwetaayāā Gbȁtȍ‘Gbato and I’, lit. ‘we Gbato’. In a number of Southern and Southwestern Mande languages, inclusory constructions are typologically unique, as they feature a separate series of inclusory pronouns, which are used exclusively in this construction. The paper argues that these inclusory pronouns are a Southwestern Mande innovation, which spread to other Mande languages through contact.
Variation in the acoustic correlates of emphasis in Jordanian Arabic: Gender and social class
Authors: Omari Osama , Jaber Aziz 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of gender and social class on the acoustic correlates of emphasis in Jordanian Arabic. To achieve this goal, 40 participants were recorded reading a list of minimal pairs, and several acoustic measurements were taken, including VOT (voiceless stops), post-release duration (voiced stops), friction duration, vowel duration, and vowel formant frequencies (F1–F3) at onset and midpoint positions.The results of the study reveal that significant gender and social class differences in emphasis production have different linguistic distributions. Gender differences were relevant at F1 and F2 at the onset and midpoint, whereas social class differences were evident at the onset position of F1 and F2, vowel duration, and the post-release duration of the voiced emphatic stop. Generally, male speakers produced stronger cues of emphasis, the non-prestigious form, than female speakers, as they made more F1 raising and F2 lowering in the emphatic environment. Strong emphasis cues were also favored by the lower-middle class speakers.The results also showed that the effect of gender significantly intersects with that of social class. At F1(onset and midpoint), significant gender differences existed only within the upper-class group. At F2 midpoint, however, gender differences were evident only in the lower-middle class group.
Article-like constructions and the definite-indefinite continuum in Croatian
Authors: Belaj Branimir , Matovac Darko , Faletar Goran Tanacković 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe first goal of this paper is to give a description of the article-like uses of the Croatian numeraljedan‘one’, the indefinite determinerneki‘some’ and the demonstrative determinertaj‘this’ within the theoretical framework of Cognitive Grammar. This description places these constructions along a cognitively grounded definiteness hierarchy spanning from the demonstrative determinertaj(definite) on one side tojedan(indefinite specific) andneki(indefinite non-specific) on the other side. The second goal of the paper is to give a description of the constructions combining the article-like demonstrative determinertajwith the article-like numeraljedanand the article-like indefinite determinerneki, i.e.taj jedanandtaj neki, lit. ‘this some/this one’. The functions and usage profiles of these constructions are carefully differentiated and, in order to explain the data obtained, a richer articulation of the cognitively grounded definiteness hierarchy is put forth. A new position is proposed, existing between definiteness and specific indefiniteness, to account for entities that are contextually defined as indefinite bytaj jedanandtaj neki.
Language surveillance: Pressure to follow local models of speakerhood among Latinx students in Madrid
Authors: Martín Rojo Luisa , Márquez Reiter Rosina 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this article, we examine the language surveillance – both self and externally imposed – experienced by Madrid university students of Latin American origin in their encounters with the local population in educational settings. A pattern of language surveillance emerges in the interviews held with these students. It consists of hierarchical observation, normalising judgment and interrogation. These three reported practices are related to the following linguistic and non-linguistic resources that make surveillance possible, namely: (a) indexicality, especially with regard to phonological distinctions that index speakers as “local” vs. “non-local” or “native” vs. “non-native”; (b) the invoking of disciplinary and prescriptive linguistic knowledge, together with the application of a colonial episteme whereby the metropolitan norm prevails, thus denying non-metropolitan speakers their right to language ownership; and, (c) the management of power within interactions. By these means, varieties and speakers of Spanish are hierarchised and those that differ from locals are positioned as subaltern others. Language surveillance is a disciplinary power technique that prompts speakers to adapt to the centripetal force exerted by the reproduction of this knowledge. Finally, the article examines the extent to which this stylistic move to adapt, could be considered an example of muda given that these shifts are situational and relational and attend to the different social demands of the communicative settings where the practice is observed.
Linguistic mudes: An exploration over the linguistic constitution of subjects
Authors: Pujolar Joan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The concept of muda has recently been used to name the specific biographical junctures where individuals enact significant changes in their linguistic repertoire. Given that the use of different linguistic varieties constitutes a resource to construct social categories and to evaluate an actor’s claims to specific social identities, those who change their repertoire must deal with all the potential implications, namely how their social position to date may be affected. In this article, I explain how the notion of muda originated and how it has developed, and discuss how I believe that it can contribute to expand the purview of sociolinguistic research on multilingualism. I argue first that they provide an interesting angle from which to explore forms of agency through language. Secondly, I contend that muda makes time more visible in sociolinguistic processes. Finally, I show that these two aspects of mudes yield specific insights to address issues of linguistic legitimacy and their social consequences, particularly how linguistic capital participates in the construction of social difference and inequalities and, therefore, in the structuration of symbolic and economic markets.
Antioxidant activity of crude ethanolic extract and fractions of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (Rhamnaceae) leaves from Burkina Faso
Authors: Youl Estelle N.H. , Ouédraogo Cyrille A.P. , Gambo Moustapha , Ouédraogo Moussa , Kiendrebéogo Martin , Traoré Aristide , Guissou Innocent Pierre 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background

Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. is a plant used in traditional medicine in Burkina Faso in the treatment of several diseases, of which diabetes is characterized by oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant potential of the extracts of leaves of this plant.

Methods
The crude hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of the leaves of Z. mauritiana and their partitionates in n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate, and in the residual aqueous solution (the F1, F2, F3, and F4 fractions, respectively) were first prepared. The content of polyphenols was determined and the antioxidant effects of the extracts were evaluated by their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation (TBARS), and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP).

Results
The HEE as well as the F3 and F4 fractions were rich in polyphenols with contents between 58 and 84 mg equivalent gallic acid per 100 mg. The flavonoid content was 4 mg quercetin equivalents in the HEE and the F4 fraction. Except for the F1 fraction, the HEE and the other fractions showed significant DPPH scavenging activity (IC50 between 8 and 12 μg/mL). The IC50 of TBARS by different extracts was in the range 1–5 μg/mL, and the FRAP activity was 7–85 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per 100 mg. Total polyphenol content was highly correlated with the antioxidant activities.

Conclusions
The HEE, F3, and F4 fractions were found to be the richest in polyphenols and had the best antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the extracts of the leaves of Z. mauritiana is due to these polyphenolic compounds.