bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of vinyl acetate content on the photovoltaic‐encapsulation performance of ethylene vinyl acetate under accelerated ultra‐violet aging
Authors: Sharma Bhuwanesh K. , Desai Umang , Singh Ashish , Singh Aparna 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTThe vinyl acetate (VA) content in ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) can significantly affect its performance as an encapsulant in photovoltaic modules under field conditions. EVA films of varying VA content (18, 24, 33, and 40%) have been prepared using twin screw extruder with the necessary additives and subsequently cured at 150 °C. All the EVA films have been subjected to UV radiation at a wavelength of 340 nm for 1000 and 2000 h to simulate accelerated field aging. The effects of accelerated aging on the gel content, mechanical properties, transmittance, Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectra, thermal stability, degree of crystallinity, and yellowness have been studied. The observations made in this study of UV aging up to 2000 h suggests that the optimum range of VA content in EVA should be between 18 and 33% by weight. VA content beyond 40% degrades almost all properties needed for an encapsulate material after aging of only 2000 h. VA content of around 18% is the most stable under UV aging conditions but has a slightly lower value of transmittance for the unaged sample although the difference in transmittance between different specimens decreases with UV aging. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48268.
One‐dimensional Nanomaterial Electrocatalysts for CO2Fixation
Authors: Guan Anxiang , Yang Chao , Quan Yueli , Shen Hanchen , Cao Na , Li Tengfei , Ji Yali , Zheng Gengfeng 
Published: July 2019

AbstractElectroreduction of CO2into valuable molecules or fuels is a sustainable pathway for CO2reduction as well as energy storage. However, the premature development stage of electrocatalysts with high activity, selectivity, and durability still remains a significant bottleneck that hinders this field. One‐dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, including nanorods, nanotubes, nanoribbons, nanowires, and nanofibers, are generally considered as high‐activity and stable electromaterials, due to their unique uniform structures, orientated electronic and mass transport, and rigid tolerance to stress variation. During the past several years, 1D nanomaterials and nanostructures have been extensively studied due to their potentials in serving as CO2electroreduction catalysts. In this minireview, recent studies and advances in 1D nanomaterials for CO2eletroreduction are summarized, from the viewpoints of both computational and experimental aspects. Based on the composition, the 1D nanomaterials are studied in four categories, including metals, transition‐metal oxides/nitrides, transition‐metal chalcogenides, and carbon‐based materials. Different parameters in tuning 1D materials are also summarized and discussed, such as the crystal facets, grain boundaries, heteroatoms doping, additives and the electrochemical tuning effects. Finally, the challenges and prospects in this direction will be discussed.
UV LED water disinfection: Validation and small system demonstration study
Authors: Hull Natalie M. , Herold William H. , Linden Karl G. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDisinfection by ultraviolet (UV) light via non‐mercury light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) may be a sustainable solution for drinking water disinfection in small systems. The world's first commercial UVC LED water disinfection reactor (the PearlAqua by Aquisense) was studied over a year‐long demonstration test, and performance was compared side by side with an existing chlorination system at a small water treatment plant in Colorado. The UVC LED disinfection system was validated using MS2 bacteriophage inactivation over a range of flow rates and water UV transmittances. The reactor was also challenge‐tested with MS2 periodically during the year‐long demonstration. During lab tests and the field study in challenging conditions without any maintenance, the reactor demonstrated viral and bacterial disinfection efficacy and resilience equivalent to the chlorination system, providing proof of concept for application of UVC LEDs for municipal water treatment.
Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia as the primary presentation of an anterior STEMI
Authors: Andersen Jens Aamann , Freeman Phillip , Larsen Jacob Mosgaard , Andersen Niels Holmark 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTraditionally sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (SMVT) is associated with areas of myocardial scar such as that of chronic coronary artery disease. We present a case of SMVT in the initial setting of an acute myocardial infarction in a previously healthy individual suggesting that acute ischemia can give rise to SMVT.
Luminescent CH3NH3PbBr3/β‐Cyclodextrin Core/Shell Nanodots with Controlled Size and Ultrastability through Host‐Guest Interactions
Authors: Huang Sihui , Zhang Ting , Jiang Chunli , Qi Ruijuan , Luo Chunhua , Chen Ye , Lin Hechun , Travas‐sejdic Jadranka , Peng Hui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLuminescent lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) have attracted great attention. This work reports the synthesis of well‐defined core/shell structured CH3NH3PbBr3/β‐cyclodextrin (MAPbBr3/β‐CD) nanodots via host‐guest interaction between β‐cyclodextrin and hexylamine. The MAPbBr3/β‐CD nanodots show high luminescence with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 89.7% in solution and 38.0% in solid state. The MAPbBr3/β‐CD nanodots have superior stability in water, under heat and UV light exposure due to the formation of a β‐CD shell, which gives them great potential for optoelectrical and biological applications.
In‐network block repairing for erasure coding storage systems
Authors: Xia Junxu , Guo Deke , Cheng Geyao 
Published: July 2019

SummaryIn the erasure coding storage system, it is necessary to extract multiple data blocks from other remaining storage nodes to a new node when a storage node fails, which repairs the failed data block satisfactorily. However, this would incur the incast problem at this new node. The existing solutions for the repair process in the incast problem mainly rely on path planning and resource allocation. Although these solutions improve the performance of repairing the failed data blocks, they still waste a large amount of storage and bandwidth resources unavoidably. In this paper, we propose the incast problem to be resolved economically via the in‐network aggregation. Specifically, we assume that the switches in data centers have certain data processing capabilities and can aggregate data flows efficiently. Thereafter, we propose a set of in‐network methods to repair a failed data block in the erasure coding storage systems, taking the fat‐tree data center as an example. Thus, the incast problem can be solved effectively during the data transmission process. Compared with the prior methods, our approach effectively avoids the overhead of extra path computing, as well as significantly reduces the link cost of repairing data blocks, while promising similar or faster repair speed.
A method for virtual machine migration in cloud computing using a collective behavior‐based metaheuristics algorithm
Authors: Sha Jing , Ebadi Abdol Ghaffar , Mavaluru Dinesh , Alshehri Mohmmed , Alfarraj Osama , Rajabion Lila 
Published: July 2019

SummaryDue to the growth of applications and the integration of new customers into the world of computing systems, computing needs to be changed and to become more powerful and flexible than before. Meanwhile, cloud computing is presented as a model beyond a system that is currently capable of answering most request needs. Flexible infrastructure for cloud computing and virtualization technology provide new features to support business activities. Clouds are a very important topic that used secure management tools for storage, security and securing data centers in a flexible manner. One of the important matters in cloud technologies is virtual machine migration (VMM). There are different ways to implement the VMM, but because of the limitation of resources' energy, energy management is also very important and challenging. Due to the NP‐hard nature of this problem, this paper presents an energy‐aware VMM engine for cloud computing using the discrete bacterial foraging algorithm as a new collective behavior‐based metaheuristics algorithm. The CloudSim simulator is employed to investigate the efficiency of this method. The obtained results have shown that the proposed method improves the energy consumption and the migration count.
Exosome release and cargo in Down syndrome
Authors: Hamlett Eric D. , LaRosa Angela , Mufson Elliott J. , Fortea Juan , Ledreux Aurélie , Granholm Ann‐Charlotte 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is a multisystem disorder affecting 1 in 800 births worldwide. Advancing technology, medical treatment, and social intervention have dramatically increased life expectancy, yet there are many etiologies of this disorder that are in need of further research. The advent of the ability to capture extracellular vesicles (EVs) in blood from specific cell types allows for the investigation of novel intracellular processes. Exosomes are one type of EVs that have demonstrated great potential in uncovering new biomarkers of neurodegeneration and disease, and also that appear to be intricately involved in the transsynaptic spread of pathogenic factors underlying Alzheimer's disease and other neurological diseases. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles, generated in endosomal multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and secreted by most cells in the body. Since exosomes are important mediators of intercellular communication and genetic exchange, they have emerged as a major research focus and have revealed novel biological sequelae involved in conditions afflicting the DS population. This review summarizes current knowledge on exosome biology in individuals with DS, both early in life and in aging individuals. Collectively these studies have demonstrated that complex multicellular processes underlying DS etiologies may include abnormal formation and secretion of extracellular vesicles such as exosomes.
An equalization time reduction method using the magnitude relation of each cell voltage estimated from an equalization current for an LC series circuit type cell voltage equalizer
Authors: Satou Daiki , Hoshi Nobukazu , Uchida Kosuke 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe authors have proposed a cell voltage equalizer with an LC series circuit in a previous work. The proposed circuit, however, has the disadvantage that the equalization time tends to be longer than that of other conventional equalizers. Therefore, the authors have studied some control methods to reduce the equalization time. This paper proposes a novel equalization time reduction method using the magnitude relation of each cell voltage estimated from the equalization current for the proposed equalizer. The proposed method can reduce the equalization time without an additional voltage sensor, so the size of the equalizer is not changed and the cost is not higher than an equalizer using the conventional control method. In addition, the characteristics and the effectiveness of the proposed method were verified by the simulations and the experiments. It was confirmed that the proposed method could reduce the equalization time to about 67.7% of that of the conventional control method by the experiments.
Thirty years of tephra erosion following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens
Authors: Collins Brian D. , Dunne Thomas 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRepeated measurement of tephra erosion near Mount St. Helens over a 30‐year period at steel stakes, installed on 10 hillslopes in the months following the 1980 eruption, provides a unique long‐term record of changing processes, controls and rates of erosion. Intensive monitoring in the first three post‐eruption years showed erosion declined rapidly as processes shifted from sheetwash and rilling to rainsplash. To test predictions about changes to long‐term rates and processes made based on the 3‐year record, we remeasured sites in 1992, 2000 and 2010. Average annual erosion from 1983 to 1992 averaged 3.1 mm year−1and ranged from 1.4 to 5.9 mm year−1, with the highest rate on moderately steep slopes. Stakes in rills in 1983 generally recorded deposition as the rills became rounded, filled and indistinct by 1992, indicating a continued shift in process dominance to rainsplash, frost action and bioturbation. Recovering plants, where present, also slowed erosion. However, in the second and third decades even unvegetated hillslopes ceased recording net measurable erosion; physical processes had stabilized surfaces from sheetwash and rill erosion in the first few years, and they appear to have later stabilized surfaces against rainsplash erosion in the following few decades. Comparison of erosion rates with suspended sediment flux indicates that within about 6 years post‐eruption, suspended sediment yield from tephra‐covered slopes was indistinguishable from that in forested basins. Thirty years after its deposition, on moderate and gentle hillslopes, most tephra remained; in well‐vegetated areas, plant litter accumulated and soil developed, and where the surface remained barren, bioturbation and rainsplash redistributed and mixed tephra. These findings extend our understanding from shorter‐term studies of the evolution of erosion processes on freshly created substrate, confirm earlier predictions about temporal changes to tephra erosion following eruptions, and provide insight into the conditions under which tephra layers are preserved. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palmitic‐Acid‐Based Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Lower Alcohols from Aqueous Media: Liquid–Liquid Equilibria Measurements, Validation and Process Economics
Authors: Verma Rupesh , Banerjee Tamal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA new, natural, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based on DL‐menthol and palmitic acid is adopted for the extraction of alcohols from aqueous phase. DL‐menthol is used as a hydrogen bond acceptor and palmitic acid, being a natural organic acid, as a hydrogen bond donor. The synthesis is carried out by the addition of DL‐menthol and palmitic acid in a defined molar ratio. Physical properties of NADES along with water stability are then measured. Liquid–liquid equilibria (LLE) of lower alcohols, namely, DES (1) + lower alcohols (ethanol/1‐propanol/1‐butanol) (2) + water (3) are carried out at p = 1 atm and T = 298.15 K. LLE results show type‐I phase behavior, where alcohol is preferentially attracted toward DES. The tie lines are then regressed via nonrandom two liquid and universal quasichemical models, which give root mean square deviation (RMSD) in the range of 0.29–0.35% and 0.39–0.75%, respectively. Finally, the quantum‐chemical‐based conductor‐like screening model‐segment activity coefficient is used to predict the tie lines, which gives an RMSD of 2.1–5.2%. A hybrid extractive distillation flowsheet is then used for scale up, process economics, and solvent recovery aspects in ASPEN using DES as a “pseudocomponent.”
Late Neoarchean magmatic record of the Jiamusi–Khanka Block, Northeast China: New clues from amphibolite zircon U–Pb geochronology and Lu–Hf isotopes
Authors: Han Shijiong , Yang Yanchen , Bo Junwei , Zhang Guobin , Khomich Vadim G. , Huang Yongwei , Yang Yunbao , Wang Xueyang 
Published: July 2019

Precambrian microcontinents represent key tectonic units in the accretionary collages of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (ECAOB), and possess a wealth of information about the geological evolution. Here, we describe newly discovered late Neoarchean amphibolite of the Huangsong Group collected from drillhole ZK4301 at the Sishanlinchang gold mining area in the Jiamusi–Khanka Block. LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating for zircons from the amphibolite yields a weighted‐mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 2539 ± 4 Ma, which can be referred to as its protolithic age. Zircons in the 2.54‐Ga amphibolite show high and positive εHf(t) values ranging from +4.2 to +6.8 and single‐stage Hf model ages (TDM1) of 2.60 to 2.68 Ga, suggesting that a depleted mantle source might have been metasomatized by fluids/melts from subducted crustal materials. The amphibolite displays low SiO2 and alkalis, and high TFe2O3 and Mg# (0.50–0.52), and is classified as a subalkaline series, medium‐ to high‐K calc‐alkaline basaltic rock. Our geochemical and geochronological data reveal that a late Archean tectono‐magmatic event is preserved in the Jiamusi–Khanka Block, providing robust evidence for the existence of an Early Precambrian basement. The 2.54‐Ga basaltic magmatism likely took place in an active continental margin/island arc setting.
The geochemistry of Au–Ag minerals and base‐metal sulphides as indicators for gold precipitation: Case study of the Shihu gold deposit, central North China Craton
Authors: Zeng Yong‐Jie , Li Lin , Li Sheng‐Rong , Santosh M. , Alam Masroor 
Published: July 2019

The Shihu quartz vein‐type gold deposit, the largest gold deposit in the central North China Craton, occurs within wall rocks of Neoarchean TTG (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) gneiss and shows a close relationship with the early Cretaceous Mapeng granitoid pluton and various intermediate–mafic dykes. The occurrence, morphology, composition, and precipitation mechanism of the Au–Ag minerals are short of research, which is the purpose of this study. The primary mineral assemblage of orebody contains quartz, calcite, and base‐metal sulphides including pyrite, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and minor pyrrhotite and enargite. The Au–Ag minerals can be classified into three distinct types, namely, (a) quartz‐hosted, (b) pyrite‐hosted, and (c) base‐metal sulphidehosted, corresponding to formation sequence. Electron microprobe analysis indicates that these Au–Ag minerals show fineness (=Au/[Au + Ag] × 1,000) ranging from 976 to 366 with an average of 667 and are rich in Bi, Te, and Hg while deficient of Cu, As, and Se. Bismuth and tellurium in the Au–Ag minerals show a linear relationship with Au, whereas in the coexisted sulphides are almost below detection limits. We suggest that Bi and Te fundamentally influenced the transportation, enrichment, and precipitation of gold as scavengers to concentrate and deposit gold at the location with an “appropriate distance” from magma. Phase analyses of native bismuth and Bi–Te minerals included in pyrite, reported for the first time in Shihu Gold deposit, imply that the gold precipitation witnessed the ore‐forming fluid evolution with log fTe2 decreasing from approximately −11 to approximately −15 and log fS2 increasing from approximately −13 to more than −11. Mineralogical mapping with the fineness of Au–Ag minerals (fineness contours) suggest that the ore‐forming fluids came from the deep earth beneath the north of the mining area with excellent gold potential, which has been verified by later drilling.
Comparison of hypocalcemia rates between LigaSure and clamp‐and‐tie hemostatic technique in total thyroidectomies
Authors: Chiang Feng‐Yu , Lee Kang Dae , Tae Kyung , Tufano Ralph P. , Wu Che‐Wei , Lu I‐Cheng , Chang Pi‐Ying , Lin Yi‐Chu , Huang Tzu‐Yen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative hypocalcemia (PH) is a serious complication after total thyroidectomy. This study aimed to compare PH rates between LigaSure Small Jaw (LSJ) and clamp‐and‐tie hemostatic technique in patients undergoing total thyroidectomy.MethodsFour hundred twenty patients were divided into two groups: group L (210 patients) performed with LSJ and group C (210 patients) with clamp‐and‐tie technique. Serum ionized calcium (iCa) was measured before and 12, 24, 48, 72 hours after surgery. PH was defined as iCa lower than 4.2 mg/dL in at least two measurements.ResultsThere was no significant difference between groups in sex, age, extent of surgery, pathology, and the strategy of intraoperative management of parathyroid glands (PG). The PH rate was significantly lower in group L compared to group C (22.9% vs 32.4%, P = .03).ConclusionsCompared to clamp‐and‐tie technique, LigaSure is superior to decrease PH rate after total thyroidectomy.
The hydraulic‐thermal performance of miniature compact heat sinks using SiO2‐water nanofluids
Authors: Fadhil Ahmed M. , Khalil Wissam H. , Al‐damook Amer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEver since the rapid increase in both the demand for the miniature electronic devices and their applications, heat dissipation in the electronic components has been a serious issue. A miniature plate‐pin heat sink model with square, circular, and elliptic pins is considered to enhance the hydrothermal performance of this kind of compact heat sink (CHS). Water and 3% of SiO2‐water nanofluids of volume fraction were used with different Reynolds number ranges (100‐1000). The findings show that the base temperature of heat sink reduces while the Nusselt number enhances by using nanofluids and increasing Reynolds number. The lowest value of the base temperature is nearly 25% for the square pins and circular pins CHSs compared with a plate–fin heat sink at 3% of nanofluids. Furthermore, the highest value of the Nusselt number is about 98% at 3% SiO2 for circular pin CHSs compared with the plate–fin heat sink. However, the pressure drop of CHSs is higher than that of plate–fin heat sink. Moreover, the most significant hydrothermal performance value is about 1.44 for water and around 1.51 for SiO2 as using the CHS with circular and elliptic pins depends on the Reynolds number. Thus, applying CHSs with nanofluids instead of the traditional heat sinks might produce a substantial enhancement in the hydrothermal performance of heat sinks.
Quantification of fluorescence emission from extraterrestrial materials and its significance for planetary Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Alian , Wei Jie , Korotev Randy L. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFluorescence emission has been a serious impediment in the application of Raman spectroscopy to terrestrial geologic samples. It is largely unknown how significant the fluorescence problem would affect Raman analyses during a planetary surface exploration mission. We have completed a set of two experimental studies to quantitatively evaluate the fluorescence emission excited by multiple wavelengths from a set of 21 stony meteorites that represent 98.9% (by types) of all stony meteorites collected, named, and classified worldwide. Our data revealed a general trend, that is, the non‐Raman emission intensities of extraterrestrial materials are two to three orders of magnitude lower than those of typical terrestrial clays and the soils from hyperarid Mars‐analog region (Atacama Desert). Based on >4,500 Raman spectra (excited by continuous wave [continuous wave] 532‐nm laser line) obtained by auto‐scans on these 21 meteorites, we found that the average percentage of informative Raman spectra is nearly 98%, with a standard deviation of 2% and the lowest value of 93%. We also found that the information on major and minor mineral phases revealed by our multispots Raman measurements are consistent with those published in Meteoritic Bulletin database for the examined meteorites. In conclusion, our experimental results demonstrated that the fluorescence interference that sometimes concealed the Raman signals of terrestrial samples would not be a threat to planetary Raman spectroscopy that uses CW 532‐nm laser line for excitation. This conclusion is consistent with the in situ fluorescence observations made during two missions on Mars and with many Raman spectroscopic studies of lunar rocks and soils returned by Apollo missions.