bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algebraic entropy for hex systems
Authors: Gubbiotti Giorgio , Kels Andrew P , Viallet Claude-M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hex systems were recently introduced (Kels 2022 arxiv: 2205.02720 [math-ph]) as systems of equations defined on two-dimensional honeycomb lattices. We give a definition of algebraic entropy for such systems and use it to check the integrability of specific examples.
Energy distribution of negatively and positively charged ions in a magnetron sputtering discharge with a tungsten cathode and a positively biased anode in an argon/oxygen gas mixture
Authors: Hippler Rainer , Cada Martin , Hubicka Zdenek 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The energy distribution of negatively and positively charged ions in a magnetron discharge with a positively biased anode is investigated. A tungsten cathode operated in an argon/oxygen gas mixture is employed. The magnetron is operated either in direct current magnetron sputtering or in high power impulse magnetron sputtering mode. Positively charged atomic O+, Ar+, and W+ ions, molecular O

2
+

, ArO+, Ar

2
+

, WO+, WO

2
+

, and WO

3
+

, and doubly charged Ar2+, W2+ and WO2+ ions are observed. Negatively charged O−, O

2
−

, W−, WO−, WO

2
−

, and WO

3
−

ions form inside the plasma volume by electron attachment reactions. In addition, a small part of the negatively charged ions is sputtered directly from the negatively biased cathode and observed at high kinetic energies corresponding to the cathode potential.
Au/Ni/Au as a contact for p-type GaAs
Authors: Jones S O , Bancroft E , Jarvis S P , Hayne M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

An easy to fabricate ohmic-contact to moderately-doped p-type GaAs has been achieved. The tri-layer Au/Ni/Au contact is deposited by thermal evaporation, followed by rapid thermal annealing in nitrogen atmosphere. A series of annealing times and temperatures are explored to determine the influence of annealing conditions on the low-resistance ohmic contacts. The resulting contacts show more than three orders of magnitude reduction in contact resistance compared to alternative Ti/Au depositions.
The gravitational redshift effect of quantum matter waves passing a binary black hole
Authors: Fu Qiyun , Si Tieyan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We simulate the gravitational redshift of quantum matter waves with a long de Broglie wavelength by tracing particle beams along geodesics, when they propagate within the rotation plane of binary black holes. The angular momentum of the binary black hole causes an asymmetric gravitational redshift distribution around the two black holes. The gravitational redshift changes the frequency of quantum matter waves and their wavelength, resulting in the different interference patterns of quantum matter waves with respect to different wavelengths. The interference pattern demonstrates strong contrast intensity and spatial order with respect to different wavelengths and the rotational angle of the binary black hole. A bright semicircular arc emerges from the interference pattern to bridge the two black holes, when they rotate to certain angles, which provides a theoretical understanding on the gravitational lensing effect of quantum matter waves.
Tunneling conductance in ferromagnet/superconductor junctions with time-reversal symmetry breaking
Authors: Hong Li , Yang Xin Jian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The tunneling conductance of two kinds of tunnel junctions with time-reversal symmetry breaking, normal metal/insulator/ferromagnetic metal/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i
s

-wave superconductor (NM/I/FM/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i
s

-wave SC) and NM/I/FM/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i

d

x
y

-wave SC, is calculated using the extended Blonder–Tinkham–Klapwijk theoretical method. The ratio of the subdominant s-wave and

d

x
y

-wave components to the dominant

d

x

2

−

y

2

-wave component is expressed by

Δ

s

Δ

D

and

Δ

d

Δ

D

,

respectively. Results show that for NM/I/FM/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i
s

-wave SC tunnel junctions, the splitting of the zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) is obtained and the splitting peaks appear at

e
V

Δ

0

=
±

Δ

s

Δ

D

with eV the applied bias voltage and

Δ

0

the zero temperature energy gap of SC. For NM/I/FM/

d

x

2

−

y

2

+
i

d

x
y

-wave SC tunnel junctions, there are also conductance peaks at

e
V

Δ

0

=
±

Δ

d

Δ

D

,

but the ZBCP does not split. For the two types of tunnel junctions, the completely reversed tunnel conductance spectrum indicates that when the exchange energy in FM is increased to a certain value, the proximity effect transforms the tunnel junctions from the ‘0 state’ to the ‘π state’. The shortening of the transport quasiparticle lifetime can weaken the proximity effect to smooth out the dips and peaks in the tunnel spectrum. This is considered a possible reason that the ZBCP splitting was not observed in some previous experiments. It is expected that these analysis results can serve as a guide for future experiments and the relevant conclusions can be confirmed.
Accurate prediction of essential proteins using ensemble machine learning
Authors: Lu 鲁 Dezhi 德志 , Wu 吴 Hao 淏 , Hou 侯 Yutong 俞彤 , Wu 吴 Yuncheng 云成 , Liu 刘 Yuanyuan 媛媛 , Wang 王 Jinwu 金武 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Essential proteins are crucial for biological processes and can be identified through both experimental and computational methods. While experimental approaches are highly accurate, they often demand extensive time and resources. To address these challenges, we present a computational ensemble learning framework designed to identify essential proteins more efficiently. Our method begins by using node2vec to transform proteins in the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network into continuous, low-dimensional vectors. We also extract a range of features from protein sequences, including graph-theory-based, information-based, compositional, and physiochemical attributes. Additionally, we leverage deep learning techniques to analyze high-dimensional position-specific scoring matrices (PSSMs) and capture evolutionary information. We then combine these features for classification using various machine learning algorithms. To enhance performance, we integrate the outputs of these algorithms through ensemble methods such as voting, weighted averaging, and stacking. This approach effectively addresses data imbalances and improves both robustness and accuracy. Our ensemble learning framework achieves an AUC of 0.960 and an accuracy of 0.9252, outperforming other computational methods. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately identifying essential proteins and highlight its superior feature extraction capabilities.
Non-disruptive error field measurement in DIII-D low safety factor plasmas and projection to ITER
Authors: Hu Q.M. , Logan N.C. , Paz-Soldan C. , Barr J. , Kim S.K. , Hanson J. , Jiang Y.Z. , Yang S.M. , Bortolon A. , Choi W. , Liu Y.Q. , Park J.-K. , Strait E.J. , Yu Q. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Previous experiments in DIII-D (Paz-Soldan et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 126007) introduced a method to identify intrinsic error fields (EFs) in tokamaks with minimal disruption risk by promptly healing driven magnetic islands during the conventional ‘compass scan’. This paper presents recent experimental and numerical advancements in extending this approach to low q
95 plasmas, and projects its applicability to ITER. Non-disruptive EF measurement is achieved at q
95 = 4.5 and 3.9 without any initial EF correction (EFC) by reducing the time between the occurrence of the locked mode (LM) and control action to 10 ms and increasing the density 50%–100%. However, 50% correction of the intrinsic EF is required to achieve island healing at q
95 = 3.2 with 10 ms delay for the control action. Nonlinear two-fluid modeling with the TM1 code reproduces the DIII-D experimental observations, indicating that promptly turning off the 3D coil current reduces both magnetic island width and electromagnetic force, while raising the density increases plasma viscosity, facilitating magnetic island healing. The simulations show that for scenarios with q
95 = 3.2, lowering the control action time to 5 ms will lead to island healing without EFC. TM1 simulations are extended to future ITER scenarios with 5 MA and 7.5 MA plasma currents, predicting the dependence of required density rise on action time and EF amplitude. These simulations indicate that, benefiting from the much longer resistive time, island healing can be successfully achieved in ITER when taking control action 100–500 ms after a LM occurrence.
The Dual Hierarchy of Late Antiquity
Authors: Blachford Kevin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The rivalry of Byzantium and Persia was examined by the English scholar Martin Wight as an analogy to the bipolar struggle of the Cold War. Ultimately, Wight concluded that late antiquity consisted of too few actors to be considered as a states system, with nomads and rival empires unable to develop a shared culture that would make an inter-polity society possible. Wight’s state-centric lens, however, overlooked that late antiquity was a suzerain system in which the two sedentary empires of Byzantium and Persia sought to order the world between them and manage the polities of nomadic confederations as barbarians who should be subordinate to the civilized great empires. The Byzantine–Persian rivalry therefore evolved across late antiquity into a dual hierarchical order in which the emperor and shah would rule as the ‘Two Eyes of the World’.
Coming into Contact and the Iranshahr
Authors: Blachford Kevin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The Roman empire of the Principate era had believed in a concept of Pax Romana in which Roman expansion was inevitable and Roman domination was the natural order of the world. But when the Romans came up against the Persians, they discovered a rival which could not be overcome and who expressed equal claims to imperial greatness. The two empires both professed ideas of universal empire, but such visions of world order were unenforceable in practice. Each power would therefore claim to rule the civilized world and through their rivalry they would come to see that there were in effect two ‘worlds’.
‘Growing up means adapting’: childhood and adaptation
Authors: Rowe Rebecca , Hunter Madeleine 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This introduction to the Special Issue on Adaptation and Childhood invites researchers to consider the critical opportunities that thinking with and about childhood can offer the field of adaptation studies. Rather than marking the limits of what is possible, this introduction invites scholars to approach the real and conceptualized child and the challenges they pose to adaptation studies theory and criticism as a site of theoretical and methodological possibility. We begin by examining how the field of children’s literature has navigated the problems posed by conceptualizing the child as audience and explore how such theorizations could aid adaptation studies in navigating its own relationship to audiences. Drawing again on work from key theorists in the field of children’s literary criticism, this introduction concludes by arguing for the child as a key ally in reclaiming adaptation’s ‘might’.
XIII—Reclaiming the Idea of ‘the Human’
Authors: Moody-Adams Michele M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Progressive social movements correctly presume that justice demands treating people with humane regard: combining respect for human agency with concern for human vulnerability to suffering. Promoting humane regard is a critical means of acknowledging the moral claims of humanity. Some critics reject the underlying concept of a universal humanity, in virtue of which human beings form a distinct community of reciprocal moral obligation. Critics charge that the concept presumes indefensible dualisms (of mind and body, and humanity and nature); that it wrongly assigns a privileged status to reason; and that it involves an unsupportable belief in human exceptionalism. I argue that we can assert the moral claims of humanity without privileging reason, repudiating nature, or denying that there are many valuable ways to be human. I also defend an account of human moral exceptionalism that does not imply human moral superiority, to show that we can meet morally weighty obligations to humans while affirming morally substantive connections to non-human communities and domains.
Gigantic multilayered vesicle-like hydrogel-bilayer composites
Authors: Horihata Naoto , Gong Jian Ping , Nakajima Tasuku 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Preparation of large vesicles with high stability is generally difficult. Here, we report the millimeter-scale multilayered vesicle-like hydrogel-bilayer composites with long-term stability through stabilization of the vesicular structure by polymerization of the lipid molecules and gelation of the inner solution. The well-oriented multilayered structure was examined by various methods. Reflecting the multilayered structure, the resulting vesicle-like composites exhibited extremely slow drug release behavior.
Virologic Response and Safety of Ibuzatrelvir, A Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antiviral, in Adults With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Mortezavi Mahta , Sloan Abigail , Singh Ravi Shankar P , Chen Luke F , Kim Jin Hyang , Shojaee Negin , Toussi Sima S , Prybylski John , Baniecki Mary Lynn , Bergman Arthur , Banerjee Anindita , Allerton Charlotte , Alami Negar Niki 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite effective vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, clinical burden persists. An unmet need exists for additional effective agents with safety profiles allowing use across a broad population. Ibuzatrelvir is an orally bioavailable SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor with demonstrated in vitro antiviral activity and low potential for safety concerns, including drug–drug interactions.

Methods
This phase 2b, double-blind, randomized clinical trial enrolled US adults aged 18 to &lt;65 years with symptomatic COVID-19 and no risk factors for severe disease. Participants were randomized 1:1:2:2 to receive 100, 300, or 600 mg ibuzatrelvir or placebo orally twice daily for 5 days. Nasopharyngeal specimens were collected on days 1 (baseline), 3, 5, 10, 14, and 21; adverse events (AEs) were recorded through day 33. The primary end point was change in SARS-CoV-2 RNA level (viral load [VL]) from baseline to day 5 among participants with baseline VL ≥4 log10 copies/mL.

Results
Of 240 enrollees, 237 received ≥1 dose; 199 were included in the primary analysis. Placebo-adjusted least squares mean (80% confidence interval) change from baseline in VL (log10 copies/mL) at day 5 was significant across all doses: 100 mg, ‒0.7 (‒1.1 to ‒0.3) log10 copies/mL, P = .02; 300 mg, ‒0.8 (‒1.3 to ‒0.3), P = .01; and 600 mg, ‒1.2 (‒1.5 to ‒0.8), P &lt; .0001. AEs occurred in similar percentages of participants across groups. No deaths from any cause or treatment-related serious AEs occurred through day 33, and no participants reported dysgeusia.

Conclusions
All 3 ibuzatrelvir doses were associated with robust antiviral activity and an acceptable safety profile, supporting continued clinical development.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT05799495.
High Retention and Adherence With Rapid Long-acting Injectable Preexposure Prophylaxis Implementation in an Urban Safety Net Clinic Population
Authors: Spinelli Matthew A , Bisom-Rapp Ezra , Heise Megan J , Camp Christina , Appa Ayesha , Liu Albert Y , Sassaman Kevin , Shiels Mary , Mayorga-Munoz Francis , Chimezie Anthonia , Nguyen Janet , Oskarsson Jon , Gandhi Monica 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In a low-barrier, long-acting preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) program in a safety net setting, permitting same-day or next-day initiation, 85% of injections were on time, and 6-month retention was 83%, surpassing outcomes from most previously reported oral PrEP studies. With drop-in, wraparound services, similar retention among housing-insecure populations was seen. Long-acting PrEP expansion is urgently needed.
Asymmetric semiochemical-mediated interactions of Monochamus spp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and associated bark beetles in Portugal and Canada
Authors: Allison Jeremy D , Guignard Quentin , Ochoa Isabelle , Sousa Edmundo , Bonifacio Luis 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Some coniferophagous bark and woodboring beetles overlap spatially and temporally in host trees. These larval interactions have been classified as competitive and predatory in favor of the larger and more mobile woodborer larvae. In some bark beetles, larval traits have been reported that facilitate evasion of woodborer larvae. Both bark beetles and woodborers mediate mating on host material with volatile pheromones. Although it is known that some woodborers eavesdrop on bark beetle aggregation pheromones to facilitate host location, it is not known what effect woodborer pheromones have on bark beetles. The pheromone monochamol is used by most Monochamus spp. Dejean and coniferophagous species from this genus co-occur with bark beetles in host tissues. Because of the negative consequences these larval interactions have for bark beetles, we hypothesized that the woodborer pheromone monochamol would inhibit captures of sympatric and synchronic bark beetles to intercept traps baited with their aggregation pheromones and host volatiles. We tested this hypothesis in 2 systems, 1 in Ontario, Canada, and another in Setúbal, Portugal with field trapping experiments. Trap captures of Ips sexdentatus (Boerner) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) (2 bark beetle species captured in Portugal), and Ips pini (Say) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) (1 bark beetle species captured in Canada) were reduced by the presence of monochamol. These results suggest that an additional evasion mechanism in some bark beetles is the detection of the woodborer pheromone monochamol and subsequent reduced response to aggregation pheromone and host volatiles in the presence of this woodborer pheromone.
Survival, development, and reproduction of Aulacorthum solani (Hemioptera: Aphididae) fed on Persicaria lapathifolia
Authors: Gu Chengxu , Yang Kaice , Tian Yifan , Liu Dailin , Tian Zhenqi , Liu Jian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), is a polyphagous economic pest. In this study, A. solani were fed on detached leaves of dockleaf knotweed, Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) Delarbre. Survival, development, and reproduction were studied at constant temperatures of 17, 20, 23, 26, 29, and 32 °C. These data were compared with those of controls fed on Glycines max (L.) Merrill. At 17, 20, 23, and 26 °C, the survival rate of A. solani adults fed on P. lapathifolia were lower than those fed on G. max; the adult longevity, aphid total longevity, and reproduction period were shorter. At 20, 23, and 26 °C, the adult fecundity, intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, and net reproductive rate of A. solani fed on P. lapathifolia were smaller than those fed on G. max. At 29 °C, the survival rate of A. solani adults fed on P. lapathifolia were higher than those fed on G. max; the adult longevity and aphid total longevity were longer. These results are consistent with our finding that A. solani feed on P. lapathifolia, which is important for studying the host adaptability of A. solani.
Aortic arch replacement in patients with previous repair of acute aortic dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sef Davorin , Thet Myat Soe , Acharya Metesh , Tyson Nathan , Hadjinikolaou Leonidas , Mariscalco Giovanni , Oo Aung , Benedetto Umberto , Luthra Suvitesh 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Despite the popularity of the frozen elephant technique procedure in recent years, evidence is scarce regarding its utilization for aortic arch replacement following previous acute aortic dissection repair. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to analyse clinical outcomes of aortic arch replacement in patients with previous repair of acute aortic dissection.

METHODS
A systematic literature search on PubMed, MEDLINE via Ovid, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science until March 2024 was performed for studies on open aortic arch replacement with or without frozen elephant technique procedure in adult patients after previous acute aortic dissection repair. Early and late postoperative mortality were primary, while postoperative complications were secondary outcomes of interest. Additionally, a meta-analysis was performed to pool the early and late postoperative mortality.

RESULTS
A total of 574 studies were identified, of which 9 studies including a total of 677 patients met the eligibility criteria. In-hospital or 30-day postoperative mortality and stroke were 0–17.5% and 0–7.7%, respectively. Duration of follow-up across all studies varied from 1.1 to 5.1 years. All-cause late mortality rate ranges from 5.9% to 30.5%. Aortic reintervention rate was 4.8–38.7%. The pooled early and late mortality rate were 8.7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.7–13%; I2 = 52%] and 24.9% (95% CI 19.5–31.1%; I2 = 54%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence suggest that relatively younger patients with chronic post-dissection aneurysm or residual aortic dissection after acute aortic dissection repair can undergo an aortic arch replacement by a dedicated aortic team with acceptable mortality risk. However, postoperative neurological deficit remains an issue.
Changes in perceived neighborhood social cohesion and self-assessed health: 17-year follow-up of the Dutch GLOBE study
Authors: Cail Vernon , Oude Groeniger Joost , Beenackers Mariëlle A , van Lenthe Frank J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Prior research has indicated that residents who perceive their neighborhood as more cohesive have better mental and physical health than those with lower perceived neighborhood social cohesion. However, because most studies are based on cross-sectional data, it remains unclear whether improving the perceptions of social cohesion leads to better health over time. This study applied random effects within-between models to examine the within-individual and between-individual associations of perceived neighborhood social cohesion and poor self-assessed health (SAH) in a cohort of Dutch adults with 17-year follow-up. We also tested whether such associations varied by age, educational level, and gender. The results of pooled analyses indicated that higher perceived neighborhood social cohesion was associated with better SAH [odds ratio (OR): 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.65, 0.80], but did not find conclusive evidence that within-individual changes in perceived neighborhood social cohesion were associated with SAH (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.89, 1.04). We also did not observe any moderating effects for age, educational level, or gender. This study provides some evidence that improving social cohesion in neighborhoods may be a beneficial health promotion strategy.