bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor Imagery Practice and Increased Tongue Strength: A Case Series Feasibility Report
Authors: Szynkiewicz Sarah H. , Nobriga Christina V. , O'Donoghue Cynthia R. , Becerra Benjamin J. , LaForge Garret 
Published: May 2019

Purpose
The aim of the study was to determine the effects of a 6-week progressive resistance tongue exercise protocol in mental practice form on tongue strength. Investigation begins in typically aging adults, a population susceptible to reduced tongue strength and dysphagia secondary to age-related changes in the swallowing mechanism. It was hypothesized that typically aging adults who perform a 6-week progressive resistance tongue exercise protocol in mental practice form would increase tongue strength.

Method

A prospective, case series intervention study was used. Six healthy women aged 53–78 years completed a 6-week mental practice tongue resistance exercise program utilizing motor imagery to imagine completion of tongue exercises. The main outcome was mean isometric maximum tongue pressures (tongue strength), which were collected at baseline and Weeks 2, 4, and 6 using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (
IOPI Medical, 2013
).

Results
By Week 6 of the study, all participants had significantly increased their tongue strength compared to baseline.

Conclusions
The findings indicate that mental practice using motor imagery for tongue exercise may improve tongue strength in healthy individuals at risk for dysphagia and may thus represent a promising direction warranting further investigation in typically aging individuals and patients with dysphagia and decreased tongue strength.
300 GHz quadrature phase shift keying and QAM16 56 Gbps wireless data links using silicon photonics photodiodes
Authors: Belem‐Goncalves C. , Lacombe E. , Gidel V. , Durand C. , Gianesello F. , Gloria D. , Luxey C. , Ducournau G. 
Published: May 2019

In this Letter, the authors report the achievement of terahertz transmissions using advanced quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)16 signals using 300 GHz silicon photonics devices, developed in industrial foundry process PIC25G. Up to 56 Gbps is obtained using QAM16 single channel modulation and up to 50 Gbps in a dual‐channel configuration.
Wideband polarisation‐insensitive metasurface with tunable near‐field scattering focusing characteristic
Authors: Lv Yan‐He , Ding Xiao , Wang Bing‐Zhong , Wang Ren 
Published: May 2019

A wideband polarisation‐insensitive metasurface (MS) has been proposed for tunable near‐field scattering focusing. The MS is composed of dual‐polarised unit cells with tunable reflection phases covering a range of 360°. Designed with the optical path method, the proposed MS demonstrates precise tunable and polarisation‐insensitive near‐field focusing in a wide band from 11 to 13 GHz in both simulation and experimental results.
Low‐loss and ultra‐wide passband highpass filter using suspended integrated strip‐line technology
Authors: McDaniel J.W. , Sigmarsson H.H. 
Published: May 2019

This Letter presents a low‐loss highpass filter (HPF) with an ultra‐wide passband using the suspended integrated strip‐line (SISL) technology. The HPF is an 11th‐order generalised Chebyshev design with a cutoff frequency of 2 GHz and a passband that extends up to 18 GHz. Measured results show of insertion loss across the 16 GHz passband and of suppression below 1.5 GHz. The proposed fully board embedded SISL HPF also has advantages of compact size, light‐weight, and low cost following the trend to reduce the size, weight, power, and cost.
Extension of the HCOOH and CO2 solid-state reaction network during the CO freeze-out stage: inclusion of H2CO
Authors: Qasim D. , Lamberts T. , He J. , Chuang K.-J. , Fedoseev G. , Ioppolo S. , Boogert A. C. A. , Linnartz H. 
Published: May 2019

Context. Formic acid (HCOOH) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are simple species that have been detected in the interstellar medium. The solid-state formation pathways of these species under experimental conditions relevant to prestellar cores are primarily based off of weak infrared transitions of the HOCO complex and usually pertain to the H2O-rich ice phase, and therefore more experimental data are desired.
Aims. Here, we present a new and additional solid-state reaction pathway that can form HCOOH and CO2 ice at 10 K “non-energetically” in the laboratory under conditions related to the “heavy” CO freeze-out stage in dense interstellar clouds, i.e., by the hydrogenation of an H2CO:O2 ice mixture. This pathway is used to piece together the HCOOH and CO2 formation routes when H2CO or CO reacts with H and OH radicals.
Methods. Temperature programmed desorption – quadrupole mass spectrometry (TPD-QMS) is used to confirm the formation and pathways of newly synthesized ice species as well as to provide information on relative molecular abundances. Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) is additionally employed to characterize reaction products and determine relative molecular abundances.
Results. We find that for the conditions investigated in conjunction with theoretical results from the literature, H + HOCO and HCO + OH lead to the formation of HCOOH ice in our experiments. Which reaction is more dominant can be determined if the H + HOCO branching ratio is more constrained by computational simulations, as the HCOOH:CO2 abundance ratio is experimentally measured to be around 1.8:1. H + HOCO is more likely than OH + CO (without HOCO formation) to form CO2. Isotope experiments presented here further validate that H + HOCO is the dominant route for HCOOH ice formation in a CO-rich CO:O2 ice mixture that is hydrogenated. These data will help in the search and positive identification of HCOOH ice in prestellar cores.
Multiwavelength analysis of brightness variations of 3C 279: probing the relativistic jet structure and its evolution
Authors: Beaklini Pedro P. B. , Dominici Tânia P. , Abraham Zulema , Motter Juliana C. 
Published: May 2019

Aims. We studied the correlation between brightness and polarization variations in 3C 279 at different wavelengths, over time intervals long enough to cover the time lags due to opacity effects. We used these correlations together with VLBI images to constrain the radio and high energy source position.
Methods. We made 7 mm radio continuum and R-band polarimetric observations of 3C 279 between 2009 and 2014. The radio observations were performed at the Itapetinga Radio Observatory, while the polarimetric data were obtained at Pico dos Dias Observatory, both in Brazil. We compared our observations with the γ-ray Fermi/LAT and R-band SMARTS light curves.
Results. We found a good correlation between 7 mm and R-band light curves, with a delay of 170 ± 30 days in radio, but no correlation with the γ rays. However, a group of several γ-ray flares in April 2011 could be associated with the start of the 7 mm strong activity observed at the end of 2011. We also detected an increase in R-band polarization degree and rotation of the polarization angle simultaneous with these flares. Contemporaneous VLBI images at the same radio frequency show two new strong components close to the core, ejected in directions very different from that of the jet.
Conclusions. The good correlation between radio and R-band variability suggests that their origin is synchrotron radiation. The lack of correlation with γ-rays produced by the Inverse Compton process on some occasions could be due to the lack of low energy photons in the jet direction or to absorption of the high energy photons by the broad line region clouds. The variability of the polarization parameters during flares can be easily explained by the combination of the jet polarization parameters and those of newly formed jet components.
Protective effect ofGlycyrrhiza glabraroots extract on bone mineral density of ovariectomized rats
Authors: Galanis Dimitrios , Soultanis Konstantinos , Lelovas Pavlos , Zervas Alexandros , Papadopoulos Panagiotis , Galanos Antonis , Argyropoulou Katerina , Makropoulou Maria , Patsaki Anastasia , Passali Christina , Tsingotjidou Anastasia , Kourkoulis Stavros , Mitakou Sofia , Dontas Ismene 
Published: May 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential effect of the methanolic extract of plantGlycyrrhiza glabraroots on bone mineral density and femoral bone strength of ovariectomized rats.Methods: Thirty 10-month-old Wistar rats were randomly separated into three groups of ten, Control, Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza in their drinking water. Total and proximal tibial bone mineral density was measured in all groups before ovariectomy (baseline) and after 3 and 6 months post ovariectomy. Three-point-bending of the femurs and uterine weight and histology were examined at the end of the study.Results: No significant difference was noted in bone density percentage change of total tibia from baseline to 3 months between Control and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza groups (+5.31% ± 4.75 and +3.30% ± 6.31 respectively,P = non significant), and of proximal tibia accordingly (+5.58% ± 6.92 and +2.61% ± 13.62,P = non significant) demonstrating a strong osteoprotective effect. There was notable difference in percentage change of total tibia from baseline to 6 months between groups Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza (−13.03% ± 5.11 and −0.84% ± 7.63 respectively,P < 0.005), and of proximal tibia accordingly (−27.9% ± 3.69 and −0.81% ± 14.85 respectively,P < 0.001), confirming the protective effect ofGlycyrrhiza glabraextract in preserving bone density of the Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza group. Three-point-bending did not reveal any statistically significant difference between Ovariectomy and Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza groups. Uterine weights of the Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza group ranged between the other two groups with no statistically significant difference to each.Conclusions:Glycyrrhiza glabraroot extract notably protected tibial bone mineral density loss in Ovariectomy-plus-Glycyrrhiza rats in comparison with ovariectomized rats, but did not improve biomechanical strength.
Effects of menopausal hormone therapy on bone and body composition
Authors: Papadakis Georgios E , Lamy Olivier 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Wechseljahre sind durch tiefgreifende klinische und hormonelle Veränderungen gekennzeichnet. Ein Östrogenmangel führt zu einem beschleunigten Knochenverlust und erhöhtem Frakturrisiko. Parallel dazu deuten Verlaufs-Studien auf einen Anstieg der Adipositas mit einer Neigung zu mehr zentralem Fett sowie einen Verlust an Muskelmasse hin. Die post-menopausale Hormontherapie (MHT), die derzeit auf die symptomatische Linderung von Hitzewallungen und andere klimakterische Symptome beschränkt ist, hat sich als wirksam erwiesen, um die Knochendichte zu erhalten. Jüngste Daten der OsteoLaus-Kohorte, einer bevölkerungsbasierten Studie mit postmenopausalen Frauen im Alter von 50–80 Jahren, deuten darauf hin, dass zusätzlich ein günstiger Effekt auf die Mikroarchitektur der Knochen vermittelt wird. Darüber hinaus haben Frauen unter MHT, weniger androides und viszerales Fett, entsprechend der verfügbaren Daten aus anderen Studien. Die Physiopathologie dieses Zusammenhangs ist nicht vollständig geklärt und kann Änderungen des Energieverbrauchs durch Östrogene betreffen. Im Gegenteil scheint die Wirkung der MHT auf die Magermasse begrenzter zu sein und könnte mit spezifischen Arten MHT oder dem zeitlichen Einsatz der MHT in Verbindung gebracht werden. Interessanterweise ist die Entwicklung nach dem MHT-Entzug in verschiedenen Geweben nicht identisch, wobei der Verlust des Nutzens für das Fettgewebe schneller eintritt. In Anbetracht des erneuten Interesses von MHT, zumindest für Frauen in der frühen Postmenopause, können diese Daten bei der Erwägung einer MHT wertvoll sein.
Mechanism of CAP1-mediated apical actin polymerization in pollen tubes
Authors: Jiang Yuxiang , Chang Ming , Lan Yaxian , Huang Shanjin 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceActin polymerization drives rapid polarized pollen tube growth, but the mechanism underlying actin polymerization within the growth domain of pollen tubes remains incompletely understood. We here identify CAP1 as a major player in driving actin polymerization via recharging ADP-G-actin and facilitating the formation and maintenance of a pool of polymerization-competent actin monomers in a manner that involves the nucleotide exchange activity of CAP1 in pollen tubes. Our study directly links the actin nucleotide exchange activity of CAP1 to its role in promoting actin polymerization. Our study thus significantly enhances our understanding of the mechanism of actin polymerization in pollen tubes.
Mosaic origin of the eukaryotic kinetochore
Authors: Tromer Eelco C. , van Hooff Jolien J. E. , Kops Geert J. P. L. , Snel Berend 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceEukaryotes, which include diverse species like animals, fungi, and plants, have cells that are fundamentally more complex than prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria. However, eukaryotes did evolve from prokaryotes, so they must have acquired this cellular complexity after they diverged from prokaryotes. A key cellular feature unique to eukaryotes is the kinetochore, a large, multiprotein structure that plays an essential role in cell division. Here we shed light on the origination of the kinetochore by studying the evolution of its proteins. We find that the kinetochore has diverse evolutionary roots and that it expanded via gene duplications. We present a mode by which eukaryotic systems originated and illuminate the prokaryote-to-eukaryote transition.
MZB1 promotes the secretion of J-chain–containing dimeric IgA and is critical for the suppression of gut inflammation
Authors: Xiong Ermeng , Li Yingqian , Min Qing , Cui Chaoqun , Liu Jun , Hong Rongjian , Lai Nannan , Wang Ying , Sun Jiping , Matsumoto Ryohtaroh , Takahashi Daisuke , Hase Koji , Shinkura Reiko , Tsubata Takeshi , Wang Ji-Yang 
Published: May 2019

SignificanceIgA is the most abundantly produced antibody in the body (in humans, >5 g/d) and plays a crucial role in mucosal immunity. IgA forms a dimer that covalently associates with the joining (J) chain, which is essential for IgA transport into the gut. We show that MZB1 is required for the secretion of IgA, but not IgG, by antibody-secreting plasma cells. MZB1 mediates the stabilization of Igα heavy-chain–light-chain complexes and, more importantly, promotes J-chain binding to IgA. Mice lacking MZB1 are impaired in secreting large amounts of IgA into the gut in response to acute inflammatory stimuli and develop severe colitis. The present study reveals an important mechanism that controls the quantity, quality, and function of IgA.
A customized multispectral needle probe combined with a virtual photometric setup for in vivo detection of Lewis lung carcinoma in an animal model
Authors: Braun Frank , Schalk Robert , Nachtmann Marcel , Hien Andreas , Frank Rudolf , Beuermann Thomas , Methner Frank-Jürgen , Kränzlin Bettina , Rädle Matthias , Gretz Norbert 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Optical systems applied for tissue analysis are primarily based on single spectroscopic techniques. This paper however presents a multispectral backscattering sensor designed for in vivo application by a specially formed probe tip which allows side by side monitoring of ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared and fluorescence spectra. The practical applicability of the measurement system was demonstrated in vitro (muscle and adipose tissue) and in vivo in an animal model (mouse). By comparing associated measuring changes in biochemical, physical-morphological and colorimetric values this procedure allows a differentiation between healthy, marginal and malignant tissue.
Mechanics of tissue competition: interfaces stabilize coexistence
Authors: Ganai Nirmalendu , Büscher Tobias , Gompper Gerhard , Elgeti Jens 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Mechanical forces influence the dynamics of growing tissues. Computer simulations are employed to study the importance of interfacial effects in tissue competition. It was speculated previously that mechanical pressure determines the competition, where the determining quantity is the homeostatic pressure-the pressure where division and apoptosis balance; the tissue with the higher homeostatic pressure overwhelms the other. In contrast, we find that a weaker tissue can persist in stable coexistence with a stronger tissue, if adhesion between them is small enough. An analytic continuum description can quantitatively describe the underlying mechanism and reproduce the resulting pressures and cell-number fractions. Furthermore, simulations reveal a variety of coexisting structures, ranging from spherical inclusions to a bicontinuous state.
Electron–hole collisions in an atomically thin semiconductor
Authors: Langer F , Schmid C P , Schlauderer S , Nagler P , Schüller C , Korn T , Gmitra M , Fabian J , Hawkins P G , Huttner U , Steiner J T , Koch S W , Kira M , Huber R 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStrong-field biasing of a solid with intense lightwaves leads to simultaneous interband excitation and intraband acceleration of electron–hole pairs. These coupled dynamics result in high-harmonic emission from the bulk solid. For a controlled acceleration of quasiparticles with well-defined initial conditions, we prepare coherent electron–hole pairs by a resonant near - infrared pulse before a strong multi-terahertz field accelerates these entities. The ballistic dynamics manifests itself as high-order sidebands to the near-infrared excitation spectrum. This mechanism allows for the implementation of a quasiparticle collider in order to study those entities in close analogy to conventional collision experiments. Accelerating electrons and holes in a monolayer of a transition metal dichalcogenide extends this scheme to internal quantum degrees of freedom. We show how a strong lightwave can transport electron–hole pairs from one valley to the other faster than one oscillation of the carrier wave, effectively switching the valley pseudospin on a sub-cycle scale. This scheme paves the way to ultimately fast valleytronics.
Ultrafast electronic relaxation dynamics in a valence fluctuation material Sm0.83Y0.17S
Authors: Ikeda Ryohei , Watanabe Hiroshi , Negoro Yusuke , Takeno Yusuke , Imura Keiichiro , Suzuki Hiroyuki S. , Sato Noriaki K. , Kimura Shin-ichi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We report ultrafast electronic relaxation dynamics of yttrium-doped samarium monosulfide, Sm0.83Y0.17S, which is one of valence fluctuating compounds, by pump-probe measurements. We observed a large increase of the Drude weight in the reflectivity spectrum by the photo-excitation and a double exponential decay of the relaxation time to a metastable state. This suggests that the photo-induced effect can be explained as the change of carrier density. The metastable state has a long lifetime ( > 1 ns) and the carrier density is slightly higher than that before the photo-excitation.
Temperature dependence of photoluminescence properties of water-soluble CdS quantum dots
Authors: Shimura Kunio , Lee TaeGi , Kim DaeGwi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigated the size dependence of band-edge photoluminescence (PL) dynamics for CdS quantum dots (QDs). The temperature dependence of the PL-decay profiles of CdS QDs with an average diameter of 3.7–6.0 nm was measured. The PL-decay profiles became longer as the temperature increased. Further, it was found that the temperature dependence of the PL-decay profiles depends greatly on the QD size. These experimental results can be understood by considering that the magnitude of the splitting energy between the bright-and dark-exciton states depends on the QD size and becomes larger as the QD size becomes smaller.
Raman imaging studies on perforated MoS2 films prepared by RF sputtering method
Authors: Hasuike N , Yamauchi S , Nishio K , Kamoi S , Yoo Woo Sik , Kisoda K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We investigated the spatial distribution of the crystallinity for sputtered-MoS2 films by Raman imaging technique. MoS2 lattice could not be structured in as-sputtered sample prepared at room temperature. The crystallinity could be improved by thermal annealing at 630 oC in vacuum condition. However, annealed MoS2 films had two kinds of circular perforated areas on their top surface. In one area, MoS2 film was evaporated and the substrate was exposed. In another area, MoS2 films formed a hillock shape and showed tensile strain. In addition, the crystallinity was deteriorated in hillock formed area, which is due the generation of sulfur vacancies by thermal annealing.
Detection of optical force due to multiphoton absorption
Authors: Nakamura S , Sunakawa R , Setoura K , Ito S , Miyasaka H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Resonant optical manipulation using absorption force so far has been based on the linear (one-photon) absorption by target material, while optical forces due to multiphoton absorption have not been much investigated. As multiphoton absorption obeys different selection rule from that of one-photon absorption, and also shows non-linear dependence on light intensity, a larger variety of photo-mechanical responses of small particles can be expected by using multiphoton absorption force. In this study, we focused femtosecond laser pulses to a single polymer microparticle containing fluorescence dyes to exert multiphoton absorption force on the particle. We successfully observed the three-dimensional motion of the photo-irradiated microparticle due to the multiphoton absorption.
Anomalous Hanle curves induced by in-plane nuclear field in single self-assembled InAlAs and InAs nanostructures
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Matsusaki R. , Kaji R. , Adachi S. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We studied the formation mechanism of in-plane nuclear field by anomalous Hanle effect measurements in single self-assembled In0.75Al0.25As/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum dots and InAs/GaAs quantum rings. The observed anomalous Hanle curves indicated quite large width and hysteretic behavior to the externally applied magnetic field. These anomalies appears in both materials whose electron g factors have opposite sign each other, and cannot be reproduced by a traditional spin dynamics model. In this study, we show that a proposed spin dynamics model can explain the formation of a large in-plane nuclear field regardless of the sign of electron g factor. The model is based on the dynamic nuclear spin polarization mechanism including the effects of nuclear quadrupole interaction.
Q-factor dependence of angle-resolved transmission spectra in CuCl microcavities
Authors: Yokoyama T , Nishida T , Oohata G , Mizoguchi K 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
We have investigated the angle-resolved transmission spectra of the CuCl λ-and λ/2-microcavities composed of cavity layers sandwiched by distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with various numbers of periods of the DBR layer which affect the degree of confinement of the photons in the microcavity, so-called quality factors (Q factors). The angle-resolved transmission spectra of the CuCl microcavities drastically change with the Q factor and the thickness of the cavity layer. The incident angle dependence of the peak energies obtained from the angle-resolved transmission spectra indicates that the cavity polariton modes are observed in the CuCl microcavities, except for the λ-microcavity with 2 periods of the DBR layer. The change of the angle-resolved transmission spectra in the microcavities will result from the difference in the coupling state between the excitons and photons in the microcavities.