bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situación del hipotiroidismo congénito en el departamento de Itapúa durante los años 2009 – 2010
Authors: Acosta de Bogado Marta Beatriz 
Published: November 2024

El Hipotiroidismo Congénito es un importante problema de Salud Pública de difícil diagnóstico temprano y de probable prevención secundaria. Nuestro país presenta la incidencia más alta en la región agravada por una inadecuada disponibilidad de sal en el suelo y en el agua lo que predispone a trastornos por deficiencia de Yodo. El objetivo de la investigación es conocer la incidencia del Hipotiroidismo Congénito y los factores de riesgos relacionados al consumo de sal Yodada en el departamento de Itapúa. Se estudiaron los casos positivos de Hipotiroidismo Congénito detectados mediante el Test del Piecito en recién nacidos registrados durante los años 2009 y 2010 en el Hospital Regional de Encarnación. La incidencia encontrada fue de 1 por cada 1500 a 2000 recién nacidos; el 100% correspondió al sexo femenino, el inicio del tratamiento no fue oportuno en la mayoría de los casos. La procedencia de las madres en mayor proporción correspondió al área rural y el consumo de sal no Yodada es aún una realidad en la población.
Microbilogía de Quesos Artesanales de la Ciudad de Encarnación Itapúa – Paraguay
Authors: Lezcano María Teresa , Damus María Elena 
Published: November 2024

La calidad microbiológica del queso de producción artesanal, normalmente fabricado con leche cruda depende básicamente de las condiciones higiénico sanitarias adoptadas en el sistema de producción, en el procesamiento y en la comercialización de estos productos. El objetivo del trabajo fue la evaluación microbiológica de los quesos de elaboración artesanal.
En el período de enero a mayo del 2011, fueron analizadas 30 muestras de quesos artesanales obtenidas de los comercios de la ciudad de Encarnación. Los resultados evidenciaron que para coliformes totales, coliformes fecales y E. coli 25 muestras (83%) estaban en desacuerdo con los patrones microbiológicos establecidos por la norma FIL 73A 1985. Para Staphylococcus coagulasa positiva, el 100% de las muestras se encontraron aceptables según la norma FIL 145 1990 y no fueron aislados patógenos como Salmonella sp, Shigellas sp y Pseudomonas sp. Tamb i én se descr i be l a susceptibilidad a lactámicos de 25 aislamientos de E. coli, 5 (20%) de los mismos presentaron resistencia a cefalosporinas de 1ra, 2da y 3ra generación. Se concluye que los quesos de elaboración artesanal presentaron alta carga microbiana, demostrando un perfil se resistencia que afectan a los antibióticos betaláctamicos.
Comportamiento preliminar de la variedad de algodón NuOpal en diferentes arreglos espaciales en el distrito de Gral. Artigas
Authors: Quintana de Viedma Lidia , Ortiz Aldo , Arriola Manuela 
Published: November 2024

Esta investigación se realizó durante el ciclo del cultivo 2013/2014 en la finca del señor Aquiles Acuña, localizada en el Km 28, Ruta VIII, distrito de Gral. Artigas, con el objetivo de determinar el arreglo espacial con mayor potencial de rendimiento de campo de la variedad transgénica de algodón NuOpal bajo las condiciones agroecológicas del Distrito de Gral. Artigas. Los tratamientos bajo estudio fueron distribuidos en un arreglo de parcelas divididas, siendo la parcela principal el distanciamiento entre plantas (10 y 20 cm) y las sub-parcelas distancia entre hileras (38, 50, 75 y 100 cm) en un diseño de bloques completos al azar (DBCA) con cuatro repeticiones. La siembra se realizó en octubre del 2014. Las variables evaluadas fueron: dias a floración, altura de planta numero de ramas fructiferas, número de cápsulas, peso de capulo y rendimiento de algodon en rama. Los resultados resaltan que los arreglos especiales utilizados no afectaron la floracion ni el peso de capullo En cambio se encontraron diferencias significativas (P<0.01) para el numero de ramas fructiferas, número de capsulas y el rendimiento de campo. Los mayores valores para el rendimiento de algodón en rama se obtuvieron cuando algodón fue sembrado a espaciamientos de 75 y 100 cm entre hileras con rendimientos de 5257y 5021kp ha-1 respectivamente con diferencias numéricas , pero sin diferencias estadísticas (P<0.05), entre ellos.
Upaya Kerja Sama Pertahanan Indonesia-Amerika Serikat Dalam Mencapai Target Minimum Essential Force
Authors: Ar-Rasyid Teddy Putra , Wiswayana Wishnu Mahendra 
Published: November 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kerja sama pertahanan antara Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat yang berkaitan dengan upaya memperkuat postur pertahanan serta pembangunan terhadap unsur-unsur Kekuatan Pokok Minimum (MEF), antara lain; sumber daya manusia; materiil/alutsista, institusi dan anggaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interelasi yang terbentuk dalam kerja sama pertahanan Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat berkontribusi bagi upaya meningkatkan kapabilitas pertahanan negara. Kerangka kerja sama pertahanan kedua negara menekankan agenda membangun kapabilitas (capacity building) dan agenda membangun kepercayaan (trust building). Indonesia mengedepankan diplomasi pertahanan guna menyelaraskan kepentingan dengan Amerika Serikat sebagai mitra pertahanan. Esensi diplomasi pertahanan yang terdapat pada agenda kerja sama berupa forum dialog, program pendidikan dan pelatihan bersama mendorong tindak lanjut pengadaan dan pembelian sejumlah alutsista dari Amerika Serikat yang diperuntukkan bagi penguatan postur pertahanan Indonesia.
Japan and Indonesia as Middle Powers in Indo-Pacific: Towards AOIP – FOIP Synergy
Authors: Irsadanar Rafyoga Jehan Pratama 
Published: November 2024

This paper studies how a strategic bilateral relations between middle powers could advance the realization of a larger regional geostrategy. This paper took Indonesia - Japan relations to study how the two countries’ strategic partnership could accelerate the realization of an inclusive, safe and well-connected Indo – Pacific area. Using middle power framework in international relations, this qualitative research paper sees that Indonesia and Japan are “assembler” type of middle powers in Indo-Pacific. This paper argues that two or more middle powers with solid regional leadership and shared geostrategic vision could get more partners to be on board to support the shared geostrategic agenda. This paper found that intensified engagement between Indonesia and Japan, as assembler middle powers, could advance the implementation of ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) and accelerate the synchronization of ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific and Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP). Contributing to the study of middle power in international relations, this finding implies that middle powers have a significant role in realizing a geopolitical vision, despite not as influential and powerful as great powers.
الاقتصاد والتنمية المستدامة والاستثمار في كوسوفا
Authors: Ismail Bakr 
Published: November 2024

موقعها و حدودها الجغرافية : تقع كوسوفا في الأطراف المركزية لشبه جزيرة البلقان في الجنوب الشرقي لأوروبا، وحدودها مع ألبانيا والجبل الأسود ومقدونيا وصربيا. مساحة: 10877 كم2 . العاصمة : برشتينا عدد السكان: مليونان و نصف مليون نسمة. ديانة: الإسلام، و الكاثوليكية، والأرثوذكسية، و نسبة المسلمين فيها أكثر من 97 %. يشكل الألبان نسبة 95 % من السكان و 5 % من قوميات أخرى (الصرب، الأتراك، البوشناق،الرومان، الآشكالي، و قوميات أخرى إلخ). العملة: اليورو.
Climate change effect on the widely distributed Palearctic plant bug species (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae)
Authors: Namyatova Anna A. , Dzhelali Polina A. , Tyts Veronica D. , Popkov Alexander A. 
Published: November 2024

Insects are poikilothermic organisms and temperature increase usually accelerates their development rates, population and distribution area growth. Therefore, it is assumed that global warming can be beneficial for the pests and other widespread species at least in the relatively cool temperate zones. However, climate change’s effect on the widespread species in the Palearctic remains poorly studied. This work was performed on three plant bug species (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae), at present inhabiting Europe and Asia. Liocoris tripustulatus is known from the Western Palearctic, Lygocoris pabulinus occupies the territories from Western Europe to South Asia, Lygus punctatus is distributed from Northern Europe to the Far East. In this paper, it is tested whether temperature rise is positively connected with the area of preferred climatic conditions for those species, and explores the particular climatic variables which can be limiting for the distribution of those species. Maxent software was used for the environmental niche modeling and to find the variables with significant contribution to the climatic models for the studied species. Based on those models, areas with preferred climatic conditions over different periods were calculated in QGIS. Principal component analysis and logistic regression were performed to find the variables highly contributing to the differences between the species. The results contradict the assumption that temperature growth alone can be a predictor for the widespread species and pest distribution range change. All species differ in suitable climatic conditions and their area dynamics in time, and the temperature affects each species differently. Only Liocoris tripustulatus might significantly expand its distribution area by 2070 due to the climate change. The areas in Asia and above the polar circle will be more suitable by that time for all three species than now. However, conditions in Europe might be less suitable for Lygocoris pabulinus and Lygus punctatus in the future. Both, temperature and precipitation variables, can be important for shaping distribution of Liocoris tripustulatus and Lygocoris pabulinus. Mean annual temperature and temperature in winter, most probably, limit the distribution of at least Liocoris tripsutulatus and Lygus punctatus, but changes in this variable affect those two species differently.
The diagnostic utility of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the early detection of cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Douglah Sarah , Khalil Reem , Kanaan Reem , Almeqbaali Moza , Abdelmonem Nada , Abdelmessih Marc , Khairalla Yousr , Al-Rawi Natheer H. 
Published: November 2024

Background
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a family of polysaccharides found abundantly in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of tissues. Research has indicated that the dysregulation of ECM, including changes and disruptions in GAGs, contributes to various cancer hallmarks such as metabolic reprogramming, persistent growth signals, immunosuppression, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, and metastasis.

Objective
This systematic review aims to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of GAGs, including heparan sulfate (HS), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and hyaluronic acid (HA), in early detection of cancer.

Method
Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, and Ovid) were searched for studies in English within the last 15 years, involving at least 50 human participants. Using a two-stage process: identification and screening, 11 articles were selected and critically appraised using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) appropriate for each study design.

Result
Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing various cancers like renal cell carcinoma (RCC), upper GI cancer (UGI), ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, colorectal cancer and oral cancer. Methodological quality was assessed using two established tools, with no studies exhibiting a high risk of bias. Heparan sulfate levels showed diagnostic potential in renal cancer with a maximum accuracy of 98.9%, achieving 94.7% specificity and 100% sensitivity. Chondroitin sulfate disaccharides emerged as a promising diagnostic marker in ovarian cancer and showed potential as diagnostic markers in renal cancer. However, there were no statistically significant differences in urinary chondroitin sulfate levels between patients and controls in prostate cancer. In breast cancer, hyaluronic acid showed moderate accuracy (AUC = 0.792) in distinguishing metastatic from non-metastatic disease, and a composite score incorporating multiple markers, including HA, showed even higher accuracy (AUC = 0.901) in detecting metastatic breast cancer. HA demonstrated moderate diagnostic accuracy for UGI cancers. Serum HA levels were significantly elevated in patients with oral cancer and pleural malignant mesothelioma and associated with tumor progression in patients with lung cancer. Elevated low molecular weight form of hyaluronan (~6 k Da HA) levels were found in colorectal cancer tissues.

Conclusion
GAGs hold potential as early cancer detection biomarkers. Further validation with larger, diverse populations is needed to validate their diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility.
Abnormal hypothalamic functional connectivity and serum arousal-promoting neurotransmitters in insomnia disorder patients: a pilot study
Authors: Lin Jingjing , Luo Zhenye , Fan Mei , Liu Yaxi , Shi Xian , Cai Yixian , Yang Zhiyun , Chen Liting , Pan Jiyang 
Published: November 2024

Objective
The present study aimed to investigate the functional connectivity (FC) of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus with the whole brain in insomnia disorder (ID) patients. Additionally, we explored the relationship between FC values and serum levels of arousal-promoting neurotransmitters (orexin-A and histamine) in ID patients.

Methods
This study enrolled 30 ID patients and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) was employed to assess the FC of the anterior and posterior hypothalamus with the whole brain. Serum concentrations of orexin-A and histamine were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Moreover, Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between FC values and serum levels of arousal-promoting neurotransmitters in ID patients.

Results
Our findings showed decreased FC between the posterior hypothalamus and several brain regions including the bilateral orbital superior frontal gyrus, the bilateral angular gyrus, the right anterior cingulate cortex, the left precuneus, and the right medial superior frontal gyrus in ID patients. Additionally, decreased FC was observed between the anterior hypothalamus and the right anterior cingulate cortex among ID patients. Compared to the healthy controls, ID patients showed significantly elevated serum concentrations of orexin-A and histamine. Furthermore, we identified a positive correlation between the FC of the right medial superior frontal gyrus with posterior hypothalamus and histamine levels in ID patients.

Conclusion
ID patients exhibited aberrant FC in brain regions related to sleep-wake regulation, particularly involving the default mode network and anterior cingulate cortex, which may correlate with the peripheral levels of histamine. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential neuroimaging and neurohumoral mechanism underlying ID patients.
Identification and validation of three diagnostic autophagy-related genes associated with advanced plaques and immune cell infiltration in carotid atherosclerosis based on integrated bioinformatics analyses
Authors: Huang Tiegen , Su Chen , Su Quanli , Nie Yali , Xiao Zhenni , Tang Yao , Wang Jiahao , Luo Xiaotian , Tang Yixin 
Published: November 2024

Background
Autophagy plays a key role in the development of carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). This study aimed to identify key autophagy-related genes (ATGs) related with CAS using bioinformatics analysis, in vivo AS mouse model, and in vitro experiments.

Methods
The GSE100927 and GSE28829 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. An integrated bioinformatics analyses of differentially expressed ATGs (DE-ATGs) was conducted. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed to identify the biological processes and pathways associated with DE-ATGs. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with the DE-ATGs to identify the key CAS-related DE-ATGs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of the key CAS-related DE-ATGs. CIBERSORT analysis was performed to determine the infiltration status of 22 immune cell types and their correlation with the expression levels of the key CAS-related DE-ATGs. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to estimate the plaque histology in the AS mouse model. Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to validate the protein and mRNA expression levels of the key CAS-related DE-ATGs in the in vitro and in vivo models.

Results
We compared transcriptome profiles of 12 early CAS plaques and 29 advanced CAS plaques in the GSE100927 dataset and identified 41 DE-ATGs (33 up-regulated and eight down-regulated). Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DE-ATGs were closely related with apoptosis, autophagy, and immune activation. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) values for the three key CAS-related DE-ATGs (CCL2, LAMP2, and CTSB) were 0.707, 0.977, and 0.951, respectively. CIBERSORT analyses showed close association between the three key CAS-related DE-ATGs and the infiltration of immune cell types in the plaques. Finally, the western blot, qRT-PCR, and IHC staining confirmed that CCL2, LAMP2, and CTSB were highly expressed in the plaques of the AS model mice or ox-LDL-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs).

Conclusion
We identified and validated three key CAS-associated ATGs, namely, CCL2, LAMP2, and CTSB with high diagnostic value. These three key CAS-associated ATGs are promising diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for patients with CAS.
Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is associated with the overall survival of colorectal cancer: a retrospective study
Authors: Peng Junwei , Ma Jie , Lu Jian , Ran Hailiang , Yuan Zhongqin , Zhou Hai , Huang Yunchao , Xiao Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2024

Background
Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) had been associated with survival of several cancers. However, its prognostic significance for colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been effectively discussed. We aimed to investigate the relationship between baseline serum NSE and the overall survival (OS) of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRAD) patients.

Methods
A retrospective study had been conducted by including 564 histopathology confirmed CRAD patients between January 2013 and December 2018 from Yunnan Provincial Cancer hospital, China. Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the crude and adjusted associations between serum NSE measured at diagnosis and the OS of the patients. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was further applied to delineate dose-response trend of the NSE-OS association.

Results
After controlling for possible confounding factors, baseline serum NSE was significantly associated with OS in CRAD: when dichotomizing by the median, patients with higher baseline serum NSE (NSE >= 12.93 ng/mL) were observed a worse prognosis (hazard ratio, HR: 1.82, 95% CI [1.30–2.55], p < 0.01). Stratified analysis by tumor stage revealed a stronger NSE-OS association in advanced CRAD patients. RCS disclosed a prominent dose-response relationship in NSE-OS association for all CRAD patients: along with the increase of baseline serum NSE, the adjusted HR of CRAD patients increased gradually. This dose-response trend is also evident in advanced stage CRAD patients, but not in early stage CRAD patients.

Conclusions
Serum NSE measured at diagnosis might be a useful prognostic indicator for CRAD, especially for advanced stage patients.
Assessing Retinal Function Alterations Due to Digital Device Use: A Study of Computer Vision Syndrome in Medical Students
Authors: Iqbal Mohammed , Fahim Bishoy , Emad Sandra , Fadel Shaimaa , SalahEldeen Noha , Gad Fathy , Zein Somya , Elgharieb Mervat 
Published: November 2024

Digital devices, mainly smartphone with its time-consuming applications and 24/7 internet connection, are accused of the being the main cause of severe distraction and excessive disruptions with fragmentation of everyday life that adversely interrupts the adults and youth lifestyles, health, education and social or family relationships. The medical students underwent objective ophthalmic examination to confirm or exclude CVS diagnosis based on Iqbal’s four major criteria for accurate CVS diagnosis. Screen-induced foveal dysfunction (SFD) has been recorded using the multifocal electroretinogram to prove the retinal function alterations due to excessive digital device use. Based on our outcomes, we have defined the term screen-induced foveal dysfunction (SFD) as “the multifocal electroretinogram reduced foveal responses below standard normal ranges that are mostly temporary, reversible and usually associated with reduced visual acuities and performances in computer vision syndrome positive-cases”. SFD is characterized by temporary impermanent reduced foveal responses that associates reduced visual acuities and performances in CVS positive-cases. Strict reduction or cessation of exposure to digital screens and/or electronic devices that contains light emitting diodes (LEDs) for 4 weeks results in spontaneous resolution of cone adaptation/saturation thus eventually the retina regains its normal foveal functions and responses with normal visual acuities and performances. Iqbal’s instructions are helpful in reducing the medical students’ screen-time to reverse the SFD thus improving the foveal responses in CVS positive-cases. It is recommended that the screen-time not exceed 3 hours daily to avoid the visual impacts and sequelae of the digital environment.
Three Birds, One‐Stone Strategy for Hybrid Microwave Synthesis of Ta and Sn Codoped Fe2O3@FeTaO4 Nanorods for Photo‐Electrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Hemin , Noh Woo Yeong , Li Feng , Kim Jin Hyun , Jeong Hu Young , Lee Jae Sung 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA “three birds, one stone” strategy is proposed to enhance the performance of hematite photoanode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. One‐pot hybrid microwave synthesis of Ta and Sn codoped Fe2O3@FeTaO4 core–shell nanorods on F:SnO2 substrate achieves three synergetic effects simultaneously: i) core–shell heterojunction formation to alleviate the significant electron–hole recombination; ii) preserved morphology of small‐diameter nanorods to provide a short hole diffusion distance; and iii) Ta and Sn codoping to enhance the electrical conductivity. These effects are not possible with conventional high temperature thermal synthesis in a furnace. As a result, core–shell Fe2O3@FeTaO4 electrode with FeOOH cocatalyst achieves a photocurrent density of 2.86 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE under AM 1.5 G simulated sunlight (100 mW cm−2), which is ≈2.4 times higher than that of bare hematite (1.17 mA cm−2). In addition, the FeOOH/Fe2O3@FeTaO4 electrode exhibits a high surface charge separation efficiency of ≈85% and a modest bulk charge separation efficiency of ≈24%.