bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing human IFN‐λ1 (rL‐hIFN‐λ1)‐induced apoptosis of A549 cells is connected to endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways
Authors: Yan Yulan , Liu Sha , Li Mi , Zhao Yinghai , Shao Xiaomei , Hang Min , Bu Xuefeng 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundIFN‐λs are a kind of cytokine with anti‐tumor, immunomodulatory, and anti‐proliferative activity. Recent studies have shown that the recombinant Newcastle disease virus expresses human IFN‐λ1 (rL‐hIFN‐λ1), which plays a role in gastric cancer cell apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) induces autophagy and apoptosis in tumor cells. In this study, we explored the relationship between ERS and rL‐hIFN‐λ1‐induced apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and its underlying mechanism.MethodsFirst, we investigated the effect of rL‐hIFN‐λ1 on cellular proliferation, migration, and proteins associated with ERS, autophagy, and apoptosis of A549. Second, after administration of the ERS inhibitor, the associated proteins induced by rL‐hIFN‐λ1 were detected. Finally, a subcutaneous mouse model was used to examine the effect of rL‐hIFN‐λ1 on tumor growth and the ERS and apoptosis associated proteins in tumor tissues.ResultsThe results showed that the proliferation and migration of A549 cells, and tumor tissue growth were significantly inhibited and the ERS, autophagy, and apoptosis associated proteins were upregulated in the experimental group. Additionally, both 4‐PBA and knockdown of PERK or CHOP reduced the levels of rL‐hIFN‐λ1‐induced autophagy and apoptosis‐associated proteins. BCL‐2 knockdown caused autophagy and apoptosis associated protein upregulation.ConclusionsIn summary, rL‐hIFN‐λ1 inhibited cell proliferation and activated ERS, autophagy, and apoptosis in A549 cells and tissues, and when ERS pathways were blocked, the inhibiting effect was even more pronounced. Therefore, the recombinant Newcastle disease virus rL‐hIFN‐λ1‐induced apoptosis of A549 cells is connected to ER stress and could be a promising therapeutic agent for lung adenocarcinoma.
Predictors of Effective Working Memory Training in Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders
Authors: Gunn Rachel L. , Gerst Kyle R. , Wiemers Elizabeth A. , Redick Thomas S. , Finn Peter R. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundLow working memory (WM) capacity is associated with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). The importance of WM to adaptive functioning has led to a recent influx of studies attempting to improve individual WM capacity using various cognitive training methods. The present study aimed to examine the efficacy of complex WM training for improving WM capacity among individuals with AUD.MethodsIndividuals were randomized to complete either adaptive WM training or active control training. We applied a methodologically rigorous and structured approach, including a battery of near and moderate transfer measures in those with AUDs and a control group. Additionally, we examined cognitive factors (at baseline) and other predictors of adherence, training task improvement, and transfer.ResultsResults suggest improved WM in individuals with AUDs and controls, as evidenced by improved scores on several transfer measures, after adaptive WM training. However, individuals with AUDs showed poorer adherence and less improvement on the training tasks themselves. Neither IQ, WM, sex, nor condition predicted adherence. Level of training task performance, baseline WM, and IQ predicted transfer task improvement.ConclusionsThis is the first study to rigorously examine both the efficacy of WM training in those with AUDs, and predictors of successful training program adherence and transfer in a large sample. Among study completers, results suggest that AUD status does not predict training improvement and transfer. However, AUD status did predict lower program adherence. WM training was more effective in those with higher cognitive ability at baseline. This study provides direct translation to the development of cognitive interventions for treating AUD.
Sex Differences in Peer Selection and Socialization for Alcohol Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood and the Influence of Marital and Parental Status
Authors: Windle Michael , Windle Rebecca C. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPeer selection and socialization influences for alcohol and other substance use have been a prominent area of research especially, though not exclusively, across adolescence. This study used 4‐wave prospective data from 1,004 young adults to evaluate selection and socialization influences for young adults’ alcohol use and friends’ alcohol use from late adolescence to later young adulthood, and incorporated the time‐varying predictors of marital and parental status. In addition, sex differences in peer selection and socialization processes were tested.MethodsParticipants were recruited from high schools, and assessments were based on self‐reports initially collected in adolescence (at age 17.0 years) via paper‐and‐pencil surveys and in young adulthood at ages 23.8, 28.9, and 33.5 years via computer‐based individual interviews (computer‐assisted personal interview and audio computer‐assisted self‐interviewing). Initial sampling included a 76% participation rate, and the retention rate was 83%. Cross‐lagged panel regression models were used to evaluate hypotheses about peer selection and socialization.ResultsFindings indicated that friend selection processes were stronger than socialization processes across adolescence to young adulthood. Adopting marital and (especially) parental roles was negatively associated with young adults’ alcohol use and percentage of friends using alcohol, and the magnitude of these relationships was stronger and more consistent for females.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that across the adolescence‐to‐young adulthood transition, peer selection processes were more influential than peer socialization. Marital and parental roles were associated with both lower young adult alcohol use and a lower percentage of friends using alcohol, with stronger role‐related effects for females relative to males.
Using Placebo Beverages in Group Alcohol Studies
Authors: Bowdring Molly A. , Sayette Michael A. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundPlacebo beverage conditions remain a key element in the methodological toolkit for alcohol researchers interested in evaluating pharmacological and nonpharmacological factors influencing the effects of alcohol consumption. While interest in experimentally examining alcohol in social context is on the rise, there has been little research examining the effectiveness of placebo manipulations in group settings, when just 1 suspicious participant could potentially jeopardize the effect of the placebo on group members. Moreover, research has rarely considered the association between individual difference factors (e.g., gender) and placebo manipulation effectiveness. The present study, using an uncommonly large sample of placebo‐consuming participants, was well suited to investigate fundamental questions regarding placebo efficacy that have not been assessed previously. Specifically, we aimed to examine placebo efficacy and general processes of placebo functioning in a group context. We also assessed potential associations between a variety of individual difference factors and placebo response.MethodsA total of 240 participants (50% male) consumed placebo beverages during a triadic drinking period (across 80 three‐person groups). Participants reported their subjective intoxication, stimulation, and sedation 8 minutes following drink consumption and estimated the alcohol content of their drink at the end of the study.ResultsParticipants consuming placebo beverages in groups were nearly universal in reporting that they had consumed alcohol (>99%) and had experienced an increase in feelings of intoxication [t(239) = 22.03, p < 0.001] and stimulation [t(239) = 5.53, p < 0.001], levels that were similar to those observed in prior studies conducted with participants drinking placebos in isolation. Further, participants’ placebo responses were independent of their 2 group members and were largely unaffected by a variety of individual difference factors.ConclusionsPlacebo response generally operated independently of group‐member influences, suggesting that researchers can successfully conduct placebo beverage studies utilizing group drinking designs.
Genome‐wide scan reveals divergent selection among taurine and zebu cattle populations from different regions
Authors: Edea Z. , Dadi H. , Dessie T. , Uzzaman M. R. , Rothschild M. F. , Kim E.‐S. , Sonstegard T. S. , Kim K.‐S. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryIn this study, to identify genomic signatures of divergent selection, we genotyped 10 cattle breeds/populations (n = 275), representing eight Ethiopian cattle populations (n = 229) and two zebu populations (n = 46) adapted to tropical and sub‐tropical environments, using the high‐density single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived mainly from Bos indicus breeds, and using five reference taurine breeds (n = 212). Population genetic differentiation (FST) values across sliding windows were estimated between zebu and reference combined taurine breeds. The most differentiated regions (FST ≥ 0.53), representing the top 1% smoothed FST values, were considered to represent regions under diversifying selection. In total, 285 and 317 genes were identified in the comparisons of Ethiopian cattle with taurine and Asian zebu with taurine respectively. Some of these genes are involved in stress responses/thermo‐tolerance and DNA damage repair (HSPA4, HSF1, CMPK1 and EIF2AK4), pigmentation (ERBB3 and MYO1A), reproduction/fertility (UBE2D3, ID3 and PSPC1), immune response (PIK3CD and AKIRIN2) and body stature and size (MBP2, LYN and NPM1). Additionally, the candidate genes were associated with functional terms (e.g. cellular response to stress, DNA repair, inflammatory response) important for physiological adaptation to environmental stresses. The results of our study may shed light on the influence of artificial and natural selection in shaping the genomic diversity of modern cattle breeds and also may serve as a basis for further genetic investigation of traits of tropical adaptation in cattle.
A frameshift variant in the COL5A1 gene in a cat with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome
Authors: Spycher M. , Bauer A. , Jagannathan V. , Frizzi M. , De Lucia M. , Leeb T. 
Published: September 2018

SummaryEhlers‐Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of heritable connective tissue disorders caused by defective collagen synthesis or incorrect assembly of the collagen triple helical structure. EDS is characterised by joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, abnormal scarring, poor wound healing and tissue friability. Human EDS may be caused by variants in several different genes including COL5A1, which encodes the collagen type V alpha 1 chain. For the present study we investigated a 1.5‐year‐old, spayed female, domestic shorthair cat with EDS. The affected cat showed multiple recurrent skin tears, hyperextensibility of the skin and joint abnormalities. We obtained whole genome sequencing data from the affected cat and searched for variants in candidate genes known to cause EDS. We detected a heterozygous single base‐pair deletion in exon 43 of the COL5A1 gene, namely c.3420delG. The deletion was predicted to result in a frameshift and premature stop codon: p.(Leu1141SerfsTer134). Sanger sequencing confirmed that the variant was present in the affected cat and absent from 103 unaffected cats from different breeds. The variant was also absent from a Burmese cat with EDS. Based on knowledge about the functional impact of COL5A1 variants in other species, COL5A1:c.3420delG represents a compelling candidate causative variant for the observed EDS in the affected cat.
DYNC1H1 gene methylation correlates with severity of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Maretina Marianna , Egorova Anna , Baranov Vladislav , Kiselev Anton 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMethylation profiles of CpG islands within the SLC23A2, CDK2AP1, and DYNC1H1 genes and their association with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) severity were studied. High clinical heterogeneity of SMA suggests the existence of different factors modifying SMA phenotype with gene methylation as a plausible one. The genes picked up in our earlier genome‐wide methylation studies of SMA patients demonstrated obvious differences in their methylation patterns, thus suggesting the likely involvement of their protein products in SMA development. Significantly decreased methylation of CpG islands within exon 37 of the DYNC1H1 gene was observed in patients with a severe SMA manifestation (type I) compared to mildly affected SMA patients (types III–IV). This finding provides new information on peculiarities of methylation in clinically different types of SMA patients and gives a clue for identification of new SMA modifiers.
Effect of early probiotic supplementation on childhood cognition, behaviour and mood a randomised, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Slykerman R F , Kang J , Van Zyl N , Barthow C , Wickens K , Stanley T , Coomarasamy C , Purdie G , Murphy R , Crane J , Mitchell E A 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimTo determine whether probiotic supplementation in early life improves neurocognitive outcomes assessed at 11 years of age.MethodsA total of 474 children who were born March 2004–Aug 2005 participated in a two‐centre randomised placebo‐controlled trial of infants at risk of developing allergic disease. Pregnant women were randomised to take Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain HN001, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strain HN019 or placebo daily from 35 weeks gestation until six months if breastfeeding, and their infants the same treatment from birth to two years. Intelligence, executive function, attention, depression and anxiety were assessed when the children were 11 years of age.ResultsA total of 342 (72.2%) children were assessed (HN001 n = 109, HN019 n = 118 and placebo n = 115). Overall, there were no significant differences in the neurocognitive outcomes between the treatment groups.ConclusionHN001 and HN019 given in early life were not associated with neurocognitive outcomes at 11 years of age in this study. However, we cannot exclude that other probiotics may have a beneficial effect. Further clinical trials are indicated.
Editorial: interferon‐free DAAs are a great boon for patients with hepatitis C and cryoglobulinaemia
Authors: Atsukawa M. , Tsubota A. 
Published: September 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Gragnani et al and Zignego et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14845 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14936.
Editorial: surviving your genes—the role of PNPLA3 variation in end‐stage liver disease. Authors’ reply
Authors: Mandorfer Mattias , Scheiner Bernhard , Reiberger Thomas , Ferlitsch Arnulf ,   the Vienna Hepatic Hemodynamic Lab
Published: September 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mandorfer et al and Pirola and Sookoian papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14856 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14901.
Materials‐to‐develop‐with: The making of a makerspace
Authors: Keune Anna , Peppler Kylie 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCelebrating hands‐on making and technological inventiveness, the Maker Movement promotes the popularity of new makerspaces: learning environments filled with diverse materials for youth’s creative projects. Described as “constructionist learning environments,” makerspaces can be challenging to design because materials require substantial budgetary investments. Because the practical demands of space and cost often dominate decisions concerning a new makerspace, less attention is paid to how the choice of materials inadvertently limits who uses the space, how learning happens, or how materials in a space will interact and intra‐act over time. Building on theories of constructionism and relational materialism to analyze and theorize learning in makerspaces, we take a case‐based approach to illustrate the co‐development of 3D printing materials, youth and educational programs at an out‐of‐school makerspace. In the process, we demonstrate the need to rethink the role of materials in human development and educational design. We introduce the concept of materials‐to‐develop‐with to explain how objects can be internalized and drive the development of spaces, people and learning opportunities.
Characterising potential bone scan overuse amongst men treated with radical prostatectomy
Authors: Kirk Peter S. , Borza Tudor , Caram Megan E.V. , Shumway Dean A. , Makarov Danil V. , Burns Jennifer A. , Shelton Jeremy B. , Leppert John T. , Chapman Christina , Chang Michael , Hollenbeck Brent K. , Skolarus Ted A. 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo characterise bone scan use, and potential overuse, after radical prostatectomy (RP) using data from a large, national integrated delivery system. Overuse of imaging is well documented in the setting of newly diagnosed prostate cancer, but whether overuse persists after RP remains unknown.Patients and methodsWe identified 12 269 patients with prostate cancer treated with RP between 2005 and 2008 using the Veterans Administration Central Cancer Registry. We used administrative and laboratory data to examine rates of bone scan use, including preceding prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels, and receipt of adjuvant or salvage therapy. We then performed multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with post‐RP bone scan use.ResultsAt a median follow‐up of 6.8 years, one in five men (22%) underwent a post‐RP bone scan at a median PSA level of 0.2 ng/mL. Half of bone scans (48%) were obtained in men who did not receive further treatment with androgen‐deprivation or radiation therapy. After adjustment, post‐RP bone scan was associated with a prior bone scan (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.32–1.84), positive surgical margin (aOR 1.68, 95% CI 1.40–2.01), preoperative PSA level (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 1.01–1.03), as well as Hispanic ethnicity, Black race, and increasing D'Amico risk category, but not with age or comorbidity.ConclusionWe found a substantial rate of bone scan utilisation after RP. The majority were performed for PSA levels of <1 ng/mL where the likelihood of a positive test is low. More judicious use of imaging appears warranted in the post‐RP setting.
Pathological upgrading at radical prostatectomy for patients with Grade Group 1 prostate cancer: implications of confirmatory testing for patients considering active surveillance
Authors: Kaye Deborah R. , Qi Ji , Morgan Todd M. , Linsell Susan , Ginsburg Kevin B. , Lane Brian R. , Montie James E. , Cher Michael L. , Miller David C. ,   the Michigan Urological Surgery Improvement Collaborative
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveTo examine the association between National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk, number of positive biopsy cores, age, and early confirmatory test results on pathological upgrading at radical prostatectomy (RP), in order to better understand whether early confirmatory testing and better risk stratification are necessary for all men with Grade Group (GG) 1 cancers who are considering active surveillance (AS).Patients and MethodsWe identified men in Michigan initially diagnosed with GG1 prostate cancer, from January 2012 to November 2017, who had a RP within 1 year of diagnosis. Our endpoints were: (i) ≥GG2 cancer at RP and (ii) adverse pathology (≥GG3 and/or ≥pT3a). We compared upgrading according to NCCN risk, number of positive biopsy cores, and age. Last, we examined if confirmatory test results were associated with upgrading or adverse pathology at RP.ResultsAmongst 1966 patients with GG1 cancer at diagnosis, the rates of upgrading to ≥GG2 and adverse pathology were 40% and 59% (P < 0.001), and 10% and 17% (P = 0.003) for patients with very‐low‐ and low‐risk cancers, respectively. Upgrading by volume ranged from 49% to 67% for ≥GG2, and 16% to 23% for adverse pathology. Generally, more patients aged ≥70 vs <70 years had adverse pathology. Unreassuring confirmatory test results had a higher likelihood of adverse pathology than reassuring tests (35% vs 18%, P = 0.017).ConclusionsUpgrading and adverse pathology are common amongst patients initially diagnosed with GG1 prostate cancer. Early use of confirmatory testing may facilitate the identification of patients with more aggressive disease ensuring improved risk classification and safer selection of patients for AS.
Surgical checklist impact on recurrence‐free survival of patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour
Authors: Suarez‐Ibarrola Rodrigo , Soria Francesco , Abufaraj Mohammad , D'Andrea David , Preto Mirko , Gust Kilian M. , Briganti Alberto , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Gontero Paolo 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of an eight‐item surgical checklist (SC) on the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) of patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT).Patients and MethodsA group of urologists at two tertiary referral centres, with expertise in bladder cancer, identified eight critical items that should be performed in every high‐quality TURBT. An eight‐item SC was prospectively implemented into clinical practice and the operative reports of TURBTs performed before and after implementation were reviewed. Results from both institutions were combined to estimate the impact of introducing the SC on oncological outcomes. Multivariable logistic and Cox hazards regression analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of the SC on the presence of detrusor muscle in the TURBT specimen and on RFS, respectively.ResultsThe operative reports of 266 TURBTs performed after the SC implementation were reviewed and compared to those of 281 TURBTs performed prior to the SC introduction. The SC was independently associated with a significant improvement in RFS (P = 0.02). However, the introduction of the SC was not significantly associated with the presence of detrusor muscle in the surgical specimen (P = 0.4).ConclusionThe use of an eight‐item SC during TURBT in clinical practice increases the quality of operative reports thereby potentially improving individualised risk‐stratification and care resulting in lower disease recurrence rates. Therefore, the introduction of a SC can be recommended to enhance oncological outcomes by improving surgical standardisation and operative reporting.