bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with t(7;21)(p22;q22)
Authors: Paulraj Prabakaran , Diamond Steven , Razzaqi Faisal , Ozeran J. Daniel , Longhurst Maria , Andersen Erica F. , Toydemir Reha M. , Hong Bo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe t(7;21)(p22;q22) resulting in RUNX1‐USP42 fusion, is a rare but recurrent cytogenetic abnormality associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes. The prognostic significance of this translocation has not been well established due to the limited number of patients. Herein, we report three pediatric AML patients with t(7;21)(p22;q22). All three patients presented with pancytopenia or leukopenia at diagnosis, accompanied by abnormal immunophenotypic expression of CD7 and CD56 on leukemic blasts. One patient had t(7;21)(p22;q22) as the sole abnormality, whereas the other two patients had additional numerical and structural aberrations including loss of 5q material. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis on interphase cells or sequential examination of metaphases showed the RUNX1 rearrangement and confirmed translocation 7;21. Genomic SNP microarray analysis, performed on DNA extracted from the bone marrow from the patient with isolated t(7;21)(p22;q22), showed a 32.2 Mb copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (cnLOH) within the short arm of chromosome 11. After 2‐4 cycles of chemotherapy, all three patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). One patient died due to complications related to viral reactivation and graft‐versus‐host disease. The other two patients achieved complete remission after HSCT. Our data displayed the accompanying cytogenetic abnormalities including del(5q) and cnLOH of 11p, the frequent pathological features shared with other reported cases, and clinical outcome in pediatric AML patients with t(7;21)(p22;q22). The heterogeneity in AML harboring similar cytogenetic alterations may be attributed to additional uncovered genetic lesions.
An individual patient data meta‐analysis on the effect of chemotherapy on survival in patients with craniofacial osteosarcoma
Authors: Liang Lizhong , Zhang Tonghan , You Yingying , He Qifen , Fan Yunping , Liao Guiqing 
Published: February 2019

AbstractChemotherapy improves the survival of patients with long bone osteosarcomas. However, the benefits of chemotherapy in the treatment of craniofacial osteosarcoma (CFOS) are still controversial. We searched PubMed and EMBASE from February 1997 to December 2016 to identify studies on CFOS. The individual patient data of these studies were pooled into a meta‐analysis. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed. Thirteen studies with a total of 184 patients met our inclusion criteria. Positive resection margin was a poor prognostic factor for CFOS in the univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Chemotherapy improved overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) in patients with CFOS who had tumors in the maxilla, positive resection margins, or high‐grade tumors. Patients with local tumor recurrence had better OS and DSS when treated with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy improves survival in patients with CFOS with adverse factors, such as tumors with positive margins, high‐grade tumors, and recurrent tumors.
Outcomes of drainless outpatient parotidectomy
Authors: Coniglio Andrew J. , Deal Allison M. , Hackman Trevor G. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundSuperficial parotidectomy has traditionally been completed with a drain and overnight hospital stay. We report perioperative and postoperative outcomes for patients undergoing drainless outpatient parotidectomy vs traditional drained extended stay parotidectomy.MethodsRetrospective chart review from a single surgeon from 2009 to 2017 of patients undergoing parotidectomy, including demographic data, surgical approach, tumor pathology and size, blood loss, drain placement, postoperative pain control, and complications, was done. A comparison was performed between patients undergoing drain placement and those treated with “drainless” technique.ResultsNinety‐one patients underwent parotidectomy (42 drainless; 49 drained). Intraoperative blood loss was lower in the “drainless” group (16.0 mL vs 34.9 mL, P < .001). There was a lower rate of facial nerve paresis in the “drainless” group compared with the “drained” cohort (7% vs 16.3%, P = .18). Seroma formation and infection rate was similar.ConclusionIn the properly selected patient, outpatient drainless parotidectomy is a viable procedure with comparable outcomes to traditional extended stay drained parotidectomy.
Relocation of inadequate resection margins in the wound bed during oral cavity oncological surgery: A feasibility study
Authors: van Lanschot Cornelia G.F. , Mast Hetty , Hardillo Jose A. , Monserez Dominiek , ten Hove Ivo , Barroso Elisa M. , Cals Froukje L.J. , Smits Roeland W.H. , van der Kamp Martine F. , Meeuwis Cees A. , Sewnaik Aniel , Verdijk Rob , van Leenders Geert J.L.H. , Noordhoek Hegt Vincent , Bakker Schut Tom C. , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Puppels Gerwin J. , Koljenović Senada 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSpecimen‐driven intraoperative assessment of the resection margins provides immediate feedback if an additional excision is needed. However, relocation of an inadequate margin in the wound bed has shown to be difficult. The objective of this study is to assess a reliable method for accurate relocation of inadequate tumor resection margins in the wound bed after intraoperative assessment of the specimen.MethodsDuring oral cavity cancer surgery, the surgeon placed numbered tags on both sides of the resection line in a pair‐wise manner. After resection, one tag of each pair remained on the specimen and the other tag in the wound bed. Upon detection of an inadequate margin in the specimen, the tags were used to relocate this margin in the wound bed.ResultsThe method was applied during 80 resections for oral cavity cancer. In 31 resections an inadequate margin was detected, and based on the paired tagging an accurate additional resection was achieved.ConclusionPaired tagging facilitates a reliable relocation of inadequate margins, enabling an accurate additional resection during the initial surgery.
Transient hippocampal CA1 lesions in humans impair pattern separation performance
Authors: Hanert Annika , Pedersen Anya , Bartsch Thorsten 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDay‐to‐day life involves the perception of events that resemble one another. For the sufficient encoding and retrieval of similar information, the hippocampus provides two essential computational processes. Pattern separation refers to the differentiation of overlapping memory representations, whereas pattern completion reactivates memories based on noisy or degraded input. Evidence from human and rodent studies suggest that pattern separation specifically relies on neuronal ensemble activity in hippocampal subnetworks in the dentate gyrus and CA3. Although a role for CA1 in pattern separation has been shown in animal models, its contribution in the human hippocampus remains elusive. In order to elucidate the contribution of CA1 neurons to pattern separation, we examined 14 patients with an acute transient global amnesia (TGA), a rare self‐limiting dysfunction of the hippocampal system showing specific lesions to CA1. Patients' pattern separation performance was tested during the acute amnestic phase and follow‐up using an established mnemonic similarity test. Patients in the acute phase showed a profound deficit in pattern separation (p < .05) as well as recognition memory (p < .001) that recovered during follow‐up. Specifically, patients tested in a later stage of the amnesia were less impaired in pattern separation than in recognition memory. Considering the time dependency of lesion‐associated hippocampal deficits in early and late acute stages of the TGA, we showed that the pattern separation function recovered significantly earlier than recognition memory. Our results provide causal evidence that hippocampal CA1 neurons are critical to pattern separation performance in humans.
Examining the organizational factors that affect health workers' attendance: Findings from southwestern Uganda
Authors: Mukasa Miriam N. , Sensoy Bahar Ozge , Ssewamala Fred M. , KirkBride Gwyn , Kivumbi Apollo , Namuwonge Flavia , Damulira Christopher 
Published: February 2019

SummarySub‐Saharan Africa experiences human resources crisis in the health sector. Specifically, Uganda faces significant shortages in health care workforce at all levels. However, there is limited literature on factors contributing to health care workforce absenteeism. This study aims to explore reasons for absenteeism among health workers in rural Uganda. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and focus groups. Eight focus groups were conducted with participants (n = 27) selected from 39 selected health centers. Four main themes emerged as the reasons for absenteeism among health workers. These included personal/family related challenges, distance or transportation issues, income specifically additional sources of income, and poor support/supervision. Barriers to active engagement at work were also identified, including loss of motivation, concerns at home, patient level issues, and lack of equipment.Recommendations were also elicited from the participants. These findings are critical in formulating and developing interventions to address absenteeism and low performance among health workers.
PAM/GO/gel/SA composite hydrogel conduit with bioactivity for repairing peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Chen Shiyu , Zhao Yinxin , Yan Xiaoli , Zhang Luzhong , Li Guicai , Yang Yumin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe effective repair and functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is still a hot topic in clinical research. The aim of this study was to construct a bioactive composite hydrogel conduit as a three‐dimensional scaffold for the repair of rat sciatic nerve defects. The composite hydrogel conduit was fabricated by blending different volumes of polyacrylamide, graphene oxide, gelatin, and sodium alginate (PAM/GO/Gel/SA，PGGS) and injecting into a self‐made mold with an inner diameter of 2 mm and an outer diameter of 6 mm. Then the conduit was further modified with YIGSR peptide. The properties of the conduit were firstly characterized by morphology, swelling behaviors, tensile test and then the conduits were implanted into rat sciatic nerve gap to evaluate their effect on promoting nerve regeneration. The results of diameter analysis indicated that the wall of hydrogel conduit was uniform. The tensile test of the conduit showed that the hydrogel conduit had suitable elastic properties and good mechanical properties. Further on, hematoxylin–eosin staining, masson trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry staining showed that the conduit could effectively promote the regeneration of rat sciatic nerve. Thus, the study demonstrates that the as prepared hydrogel conduits here are beneficial for promoting nerve repair and may have potential application value in nerve regeneration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1273–1283, 2019.
Baghdadite nanoparticle‐coated poly l‐lactic acid (PLLA) ceramics scaffold improved osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Karimi Zohreh , Seyedjafari Ehsan , Mahdavi Fatemeh Sadat , Hashemi Seyed Mahmoud , Khojasteh Arash , Kazemi Bahram , Mohammadi‐Yeganeh Samira 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBone repair has been a new approach in regenerative medicine especially by application of stem cells. Discovering a suitable combination of scaffolds to stimulate osteogenesis is one of the major concerns in this issue. Porous polymeric scaffolds such as poly l‐lactic acid (PLLA) have been attracted a lot of attention because of their biodegradability. In the present study, we have been coated Baghdadite on the plasma‐treated surface of PLLA and evaluated osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs) were cultured on PLLA and PLLA–Baghdadite scaffolds, and cell properties were characterized by MTT assay, scanning electron microscope, and FTIR analysis. Then, osteogenic differentiation potential of AD‐MSCs has been investigated, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium mineral deposition, and the expression of bone‐related genes (RUNX2, ALP, and OCN). The results have been indicated that calcium content and ALP activity of cells cultured on PLLA–Baghdadite nanofibers were higher than that of tissue culture polystyrenes (TCPs). Gene expression analysis showed that PLLA–Baghdadite had effectively induced osteogenesis‐related genes. Taken together, these results suggest that porous nanofiber scaffolds which coated with Baghdadite can enhance osteogenic differentiation of AD‐MSC, and PLLA–Baghdadite can be used as a new biodegradable scaffold for bone regeneration. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1284–1293, 2019.
Fabrication of carbonate apatite honeycomb and its tissue response
Authors: Ishikawa Kunio , Munar Melvin L. , Tsuru Kanji , Miyamoto Youji 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCarbonate apatite (CO3Ap) block can be used as a bone substitute because it can be remodeled to new natural bone in a manner conforming with the bone remodeling process. Among the many porous structures available, honeycomb (HC) structure is advantageous for rapid replacement of CO3Ap to bone. In this study, the feasibility to fabricate a CO3Ap HC was studied, along with its initial tissue response in rabbit femur bone defect. First, a mixture of Ca(OH)2 and a wax‐based binder was extruded from a HC mold. Then the fabricated HC was heated for binder removal and carbonation at 450°C in a mixed O2–CO2 atmosphere, forming a CaCO3 HC. When the CaCO3 HC was immersed in 1 mol/L Na3PO4 solution at 80°C for 7 days, its composition changed from CaCO3 to CO3Ap, maintaining the structure of the original CaCO3 HC. Compressive strengths of the CaCO3 and CO3Ap HCs were 65.2 ± 7.4 MPa and 88.7 ± 4.7 MPa, respectively. When the rabbit femur bone defect was reconstructed with the CO3Ap HC, new bone penetrated the CO3Ap HC completely. Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were found on the surface of the newly formed bone and osteocytes were also found in the newly formed bone, indicating ongoing bone remodeling. Furthermore, blood vessels were formed inside the pores of CO3Ap HC. Therefore, CO3Ap HC has good potential as an ideal bone substitute. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1014–1020, 2019.
Mitochondrial oxidative stress impairs contractile function but paradoxically increases muscle mass via fibre branching
Authors: Ahn Bumsoo , Ranjit Rojina , Premkumar Pavithra , Pharaoh Gavin , Piekarz Katarzyna M. , Matsuzaki Satoshi , Claflin Dennis R. , Riddle Kaitlyn , Judge Jennifer , Bhaskaran Shylesh , Satara Natarajan Kavithalakshmi , Barboza Erika , Wronowski Benjamin , Kinter Michael , Humphries Kenneth M. , Griffin Timothy M. , Freeman Willard M. , Richardson Arlan , Brooks Susan V. , Van Remmen Holly 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundExcess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and muscle weakness occur in parallel in multiple pathological conditions. However, the causative role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) on neuromuscular junction (NMJ) morphology and function and muscle weakness has not been directly investigated.MethodsWe generated mice lacking skeletal muscle‐specific manganese‐superoxide dismutase (mSod2KO) to increase mtROS using a cre‐Lox approach driven by human skeletal actin. We determined primary functional parameters of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (respiration, ROS, and calcium retention capacity) using permeabilized muscle fibres and isolated muscle mitochondria. We assessed contractile properties of isolated skeletal muscle using in situ and in vitro preparations and whole lumbrical muscles to elucidate the mechanisms of contractile dysfunction.ResultsThe mSod2KO mice, contrary to our prediction, exhibit a 10–15% increase in muscle mass associated with an ~50% increase in central nuclei and ~35% increase in branched fibres (P < 0.05). Despite the increase in muscle mass of gastrocnemius and quadriceps, in situ sciatic nerve‐stimulated isometric maximum‐specific force (N/cm2), force per cross‐sectional area, is impaired by ~60% and associated with increased NMJ fragmentation and size by ~40% (P < 0.05). Intrinsic alterations of components of the contractile machinery show elevated markers of oxidative stress, for example, lipid peroxidation is increased by ~100%, oxidized glutathione is elevated by ~50%, and oxidative modifications of myofibrillar proteins are increased by ~30% (P < 0.05). We also find an approximate 20% decrease in the intracellular calcium transient that is associated with specific force deficit. Excess superoxide generation from the mitochondrial complexes causes a deficiency of succinate dehydrogenase and reduced complex‐II‐mediated respiration and adenosine triphosphate generation rates leading to severe exercise intolerance (~10 min vs. ~2 h in wild type, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIncreased skeletal muscle mtROS is sufficient to elicit NMJ disruption and contractile abnormalities, but not muscle atrophy, suggesting new roles for mitochondrial oxidative stress in maintenance of muscle mass through increased fibre branching.
Water and chloride permeability of cement‐based mortar with additions of dehydrated cacti
Authors: Torres‐Acosta Andrés A 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis investigation presents experimental results concerning water and chloride permeability of cement‐based mortar specimens fabricated with botanical (green) dehydrated additions such as Nopal (Opuntia ficus‐indica) and Aloe vera. Mortar without such additions served as control. The natural dehydrated additions, Nopal or Aloe vera, were mixed with ordinary Portland cement and sand at different percentages of cement replacement (0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, or 8% of the cement mass). To characterize water and chloride ion transport in such mortars, 5 × 5 × 10‐cm prisms were fabricated (three prisms per mixture).RESULTSThe results showed improvements in both water absorption‐desorption (on average: 10% decrease in capillary absorption; 6% increase in water penetration resistance; 58% decrease in effective capillary porosity; and 2% decrease in capillary sorption) and chloride transport (14% decrease in surface chloride concentration, and 31% decrease in chloride concentration at 7 cm into the mortar) within the dehydrated Nopal replacement mixtures (≤2% of the cement mass). Aloe vera additions did not improve the corresponding parameters of water and chloride ion transport into the mortar.CONCLUSIONSAddition of dehydrated Nopal (≤2% of the cement mass) powder to cement‐based material (mortar) may increase its durability as most aspects of durability are related to the absorption of aggressive agents (water, chloride ions, etc.) into the material through its network of pores. Additions of dehydrated Aloe vera did not improve the protective performance of mortar against water and chloride ion transport and are, therefore, not suitable for increasing the durability of such cement‐based materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
An Efficient One‐pot Three‐component Method for the Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐7‐aryl‐7H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyridine‐6,8‐dicarbonitriles
Authors: Kotthireddy Kavitha , Devulapally Srikrishna , Dubey Pramod Kumar , Pasula Aparna 
Published: February 2019

A facile, convenient, and adequate method has been developed for the synthesis of novel 5‐amino‐3‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)‐7‐aryl‐7H‐thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyridine‐6,8‐dicarbonitriles (6) by employing 2‐(4‐(2‐oxo‐2H‐chromen‐3‐yl)thiazol‐2‐yl)acetonitrile (3) as an important precursor. Initially, we have synthesized the target compounds in a stepwise manner and then approached a tandem method to examine the feasibility of one‐pot method. Subsequently, one‐pot three‐component protocol has been established for the synthesis of title compounds by the reaction of 3 with benzaldehyde and malononitrile in refluxing ethanol engender a new six‐membered thiazolo[3,2‐a] pyridine as a hybrid scaffold. Reaction conditions were optimized for this reaction and a broad substrate scope with various aryl and heteroaryl aldehydes make this protocol very practical, attractive, and worthy. Mechanistic aspects for the formation of these compounds were outlined comprehensively. Characterization of these newly synthesized compounds was achieved by means of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS.
Supporting and Sustaining State‐initiated Women's Empowerment: Learning from a National Programme in India
Authors: Sarin Ankur , Chand Vijaya Sherry 
Published: February 2019

AbstractState‐led women's empowerment initiatives are usually indifferent to the tensions between the processes of transformation they initiate at the grassroots and the intermediary support structures they create to sustain empowerment. Drawing on the experiences of Mahila Samakhya, a programme initiated by the Indian state in the late 1980s, we argue that the failure of the state to acknowledge the struggles of the intermediary layers to reconcile the social purpose of transformation with the economic logic underpinning organizational survival only leads to reinforcing a new form of ‘neo‐liberal compatible’ governance. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lymphocyte mechanotransduction: The regulatory role of cytoskeletal dynamics in signaling cascades and effector functions
Authors: Ben-Shmuel Aviad , Joseph Noah , Sabag Batel , Barda-Saad Mira 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The process of mechanotransduction, that is, conversion of physical forces into biochemical signaling cascades, has attracted interest as a potential mechanism for regulating immune cell activation. The cytoskeleton serves a critical role in a variety of lymphocyte functions, from cellular activation, proliferation, adhesion, and migration, to creation of stable immune synapses, and execution of functions such as directed cytotoxicity. Though traditionally considered a scaffold that enables formation of signaling complexes that maintain stable immune synapses, the cytoskeleton was additionally shown to play a dynamic role in lymphocyte signaling cascades by sensing physical cues such as substrate rigidity, and transducing these mechanical features into chemical signals that ultimately influence lymphocyte effector functions. It is thus becoming clear that cytoskeletal dynamics are essential for the lymphocyte response, beyond the role of the cytoskeleton as a stationary framework. Here, we describe the transduction of extracellular forces to activate signaling pathways and effector functions mediated through the cytoskeleton in lymphocytes. We also highlight recent discoveries of cytoskeleton-mediated mechanotransduction on intracellular signaling pathways in NK cells.