bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Influence of Elevated CO2 Concentration and High Temperature on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Characteristics
Authors: Yubi Yao , Jun Lei , Haiyang Niu , Xiuyun Zhang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAn experiment with OTC (Open-top Chamber) was conducted to study the influence of elevated CO2 concentration and high temperature on potato yields and quality, particularly the collaborative influence of these two factors on the accumulation of aboveground biomass (leaves, petiole, and stem), and underground biomass (root and tuber) in potato, and the influence on potato characteristics. The results showed that the accumulation of dry weight of potato stem and aboveground biomass under the combined treatment of elevated CO2 concentration and high temperature (warming) was significantly higher than that of the control group by 35.8%-53.4% and significantly higher than that of the warming treatment group by 24.4%34.4%. In terms of potato stem and aboveground biomass in the combined treatment group, the occurrence time of peak accumulation was postponed, but the accumulation velocity was increased; the interval days of fast biomass accumulation was prolonged than the warming treatment group and the control group. In this combined treatment experiments, the fresh weight accumulation of potato tuber was lower than the warming treatment group by 5% during the middle stage of tuber formation. But the fresh weight accumulation in the combined treatment was higher than the warming treatment group and the control group during the rest stages of tuber formation: the tuber fresh weight in the mature stage was higher than the warming treatment group and control group by 24.1%, and 3.4%, respectively. In terms of tuber fresh weight in the combined treatment group, the occurrence time of peak accumulation was postponed; the interval days of fast accumulation was prolonged compare to the warming treatment, but close to the control group.
Research on the method of three-dimensional surface displacements of Tianjin area based on combined multi-source measurements
Authors: Guo Nannan , Zhan Wei 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Combining multi-source measurements can improve the accuracy and the spatial resolution of the three-dimensional (3-D) displacements field. Few researches have been conducted to integrate InSAR, GPS and leveling data of Tianjin in the recent three years to get the 3-D large displacement velocity field. How to effectively combine multi-source measurements and obtain the accurate 3-D large displacement field in high spatial resolution is worth studying. In this paper, the optimal method for acquiring 3-D displacement field by combining InSAR, leveling and GPS measurements is obtained by comparing the different methods. Then we realize the combining InSAR, leveling and GPS measurements to obtain the high-precision 3-D displacement field in Tianjin (China) from 2016 to 2018. Compared with different methods, we integrate InSAR, GPS and leveling measurements and use the weighted least squares method to estimate the 3-D displacement field with the highest accuracy. Although the accuracy of the horizontal displacement field obtained by this method has not been greatly improved, the vertical accuracy is obviously better than the other methods. The introduction of leveling measurements is beneficial to improve the accuracy of the vertical displacement field. Compared with independent GPS measurements, the standard deviations of 3-D displacements velocity field estimated by optimal solution method is 2.6 mm/yr, 2.1 mm/yr and 2.7 mm/yr in the vertical, eastern and northern directions, respectively. These results indicate that this method effectively utilizes the advantages of GPS, InSAR and leveling measurements, and extends the limitations of a single technical in describing surface-time scale applications. And the 3-D displacements information with a large spatial scale and high spatial resolution provides a reliable data basis for studying the crustal movement and its dynamic mechanism in China.
Crystal Structure of tris(tetrakis{1-vinyl-1H-imidazole-κN}copper(II)) bis[tri-μ2-bromido-tetrabromido-bis(1-vinyl-1H-imidazole-κN)tetracopper(I)], C80H96N32Cu11Br14
Authors: Liu Fu-Jie , Wang Guo-Xi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
C80H96N32Cu11Br14, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 11.370(2) Å, b = 14.287(3) Å, c = 17.621(3) Å, α = 85.929(2)°, β = 88.392(2)°, γ = 74.464(2)°, V = 2750.9(8) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt
(F) = 0.0432, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0859, T = 296(2) K.
Critically evaluated propagation rate coefficients for radical polymerizations: acrylates and vinyl acetate in bulk (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Hutchinson Robin A. , Beuermann Sabine 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Arrhenius parameters capturing the temperature dependence of radical polymerization propagation rate coefficients, k
p, for methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate in bulk are reported, based on the fitting of benchmark data sets compiled from independent laboratories using the pulsed-laser polymerization/size exclusion chromatography method. The reported k
p values for acrylates hold for secondary-radical propagation and are needed to calculate effective propagation rate coefficients in situations where there is a significant population of mid-chain acrylate radicals resulting from backbiting, as will be the case at technically relevant temperatures. The results are compared to those previously reported for styrene and methacrylates to highlight the large differences in k
p values seen between the major monomer families.
A Practical Guide to Analyzing the Force-Time Curve of Isometric Tasks in Excel
Authors: Chavda Shyam , Turner Anthony N. , Comfort Paul , Haff Guy Gregory , Williams Steve , Bishop Chris , Lake Jason P. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
Understanding force generating capabilities of athletes is an important facet of strength diagnostics. The use of isometric tasks such as the isometric squat and isometric midthigh pull are therefore popular methods used to gain a deeper understanding as to what strength characteristics have changed over a given period. This article aims to provide information on how to understand and analyse the force-time curve of isometric tasks in microsoft excel, thus providing practitioners an inexpensive and accessible alternative to readily available software on the market.
SIGER DE BRABANTE: De aeternitate mundi' (Sobre la eternidad dei mundo)
Authors: Gesualdi Carlos Rodrigues 
Published: September 2019

Introducción a la lectura del De aeternitate mundi
El De aetemitate de Siger es un texto polémico, origen y parte de diversos equívocos producidos en un escenario de importantes contiendas doctrinales y profundos cambias históricos. Como introducción a su lectura intentaré caracterizar muy brevemente algunos de dichos equívocos y después, aun más brevemente, las líneas generales de la contienda en la que se encuadran. Al fin, expondré sinteticamente los criterios adaptados para la traducción, agregando en último término uma bibliografia básica organizada por temas. Ya en el título encontramos un primer equívoco, porque no se trata de um Tractatus, como lo conoce la tradición, sino de una Reportatio, es decir, uma versión escrita basada en una exposición oral. Un segundo equívoco se encuentra también en el título. El escrito no trata de la eternidad del mundo sino de otro tema, mucho más acatado: la eternidad de la especie humana. Esto podría parecer una diferencia menor, pero no lo es: este texto (y otros) le valieron a Siger la acusación de herejía y la consecuente reclusión en la corte papal donde (según la leyenda) fue asesinado. Dicha herejía consistia en negar, siguiendo rigurosamente la filosofia aristotélica, el carácter creado del mundo, negación que ninguna lectura atenta podrá encontrar en este escrito. El lector encontrará en cambio el tratamiento de un tema puntual en un detallado trabajo erudito, conciso, claro y sagaz que desarrolla sólo uno de los modos de producción de los seres expuestos por Aristóteles en Metafísica Z, VII. Por lo que la acusación, más allá de los fines que persiguiera en su momento, constituye uma clara tergiversación de los términos en que este escrito plantea el problema.
NICOLAU DE AUTRECOURT: duas cartas a Bernardo De Arezzo
Authors: De Boni Luis A. 
Published: September 2019

Primeira Carta
Prezado Padre Frei Bernardo:
Com todo o respeito que devo demonstrar-vos devido aos méritos dos frades franciscanos, desejo apresentar nesta carta algumas dúvidas e mesmo, como parece a alguns, os absurdos evidentes - que parecem seguir-se de vossas afirmações. Com a solução de tais dúvidas espero que a mim e a outros se demonstre com mais clareza a verdade. Li em alguns textos que apresentastes na escola dos frades menores, e aos quais permitistes acesso a todo o verdadeiramente interessado, as proposições que seguem: A primeira, colocada por vós nos Comentários às Sentenças (dist. 3, q. 4), diz o seguinte: "O conhecimento intuitivo e claro é aquele pelo qual julgamos que uma coisa existe, independente do fato de ela existir ou não." A segunda proposição, colocada no mesmo lugar, afirma: "Na sentença: 'O objeto não existe, logo não é visto', não vale a consequência, como não vale também esta: 'Isto é visto, logo existe'. Ambas aliás são falsas, como o são estas: 'César está na mente, logo César existe; César não existe, logo não está na mente'." A terceira proposição, também no mesmo lugar, diz: "O conhecimento intuitivo não requer necessariamente a existência da coisa." Uma quarta proposição creio poder inferir destas três: "Toda a impressão que temos da existência de objetos exteriores pode ser falsa," pois, segundo vós, ele pode dar-se quer o objeto exista, quer não.
Shellfish exploitation during the Oakhurst at Klipdrift Cave, southern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Ryano Kokeli P. , Van Niekerk Karen L. , Wurz Sarah , Henshilwood Christopher S. 
Published: September 2019

Klipdrift Cave in the southern Cape, South Africa, provides new insights into shellfish harvesting during the Later Stone Age (14–9 ka) period associated with the Oakhurst techno-complex. Two shellfish species dominate: Turbo sarmaticus and Dinoplax gigas. An abrupt shift in the relative frequencies of these species occurs in the middle of the sequence with T. sarmaticus almost completely replacing D. gigas. The shift in dominant species is likely due to environmental change caused by fluctuating sea levels rather than change in sea surface temperatures. The shellfish assemblage shows that local coastal habitats at Klipdrift Cave were somewhat different from those of contemporaneous sites in the southern Cape. Although the shellfish specimens are smaller at Klipdrift Cave than those from Middle Stone Age localities such as Blombos Cave, there is no robust indication that larger human populations at Klipdrift Cave during the Oakhurst period might have caused this change in size. Environmental or ecological factors could have restricted shellfish growth rates as some experimental works have suggested, but this possibility also remains to be further explored.
Significance:

The dominance of D. gigas and T. sarmaticus at Klipdrift Cave is surprising, as it indicates a local habitat slightly different from other similar sites during the Oakhurst period.
The shift in dominance from D. gigas to T. sarmaticus indicates changing climatic and environmental conditions during the Oakhurst period, 14–7 ka.
Study of oxidative stress and C-Reactive protein in type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Dalvi Shubhangi M. , Hathial Chandrakiran D. , Yeram Neelam , Nalavade Mayuri , Patil Vinayak W. 
Published: September 2019

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion and insulin action or both. T2DM is associated with chronic low grade inflammation, possibly through a pathway involving a cytokine-mediated acute-phase response to infection and other inflammatory processes. authors aim to study C-reactive protein (CRP) which is an acute-phase reactant produced primarily in the liver hepatocytes. Oxidative stress levels in newly diagnosed T2M patients were analysed with respect to malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO).Methods: Case-control study comprising of aged-sex matched subjects: newly diagnosed T2DM cases (n=30) and controls (n=30). The serum samples of subjects were analysed for levels of MDA by Buege and Aust method, while NO levels by Cortas and Wakid’s kinetic cadmium reduction method using spectrophotometer. CRP levels were analysed by using turbidimetry. Statistical analysis was done using Mini-tab 17 software with 95% confidence interval.Results: Serum levels of MDA, NO and CRP in newly diagnosed T2DM patients were significantly increased as compared to healthy controls.Conclusions: Authors concluded that the oxidative stress and inflammation plays a pivotal role in the aetiology of hyperglycemia in T2DM. Oxidative stress and inflammatory markers might help prognosis of T2DM in hyperglycemic individuals with the help of which precautionary measure can be taken to reduce the rate of disease progression. Treatment involving anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory medications might help to rescue vital organs from damage.
Breastfeeding in Disasters: A reminder for policymakers
Authors: Khajehaminian Mohammadreza , Hosseini Boroujeni Sayed Mohsen , Ghanbari Vahid , Delkhosh Marjan 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Considering the unexpected events that may occur in disasters, breastfeeding and risks of the artificial feeding need more investigations in such severe conditions. To review the literature regarding to the status of breastfeeding practices during and after disasters.We conducted a narrative review to support and investigate breastfeeding in austere conditions of disasters. Furthermore, the consequences of depriving infants from breast milk were studied.
Methods: The electronic databases of PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct were explored and English articles published in 2000-2014 over breastfeeding in disasters were extracted and reviewed.
Results: According to the findings, despite the frequent emphasizes on breastfeeding, natural and manmade disasters are strong contributors to its disruption. Uncontrolled distribution of the artificial milk should be avoided, since it is associated with lower rate of breastfeeding. Artificially-fed infants are more prone to diarrheal diseases and malnutrition, particularly in disaster situations, which healthy water is not available for preparing the artificial milk.
Conclusion: Healthcare workers should encourage mothers to continue lactation in austere conditions of disasters and monitor distribution of the artificial formula strictly.
Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Sarang Lebah Hutan (Apis dorsata) terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Prestianti Ika , Baharuddin Maswati , Sappewali Sappewali 
Published: September 2019

<p>Penyakit infeksi akibat bakteri merupakan masalah serius dalam kesehatan. Antibakteri alami yang dapat digunakan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri yaitu sarang lebah hutan (<em>Apis dorsata</em>) terdiri propolis, kantong madu, kantong telur dan kantong pollen yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tanin dan asam fenolat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah megetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak sarang lebah hutan dari setiap pelarut yang digunakan dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak sarang lebah hutan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli </em>dan<em> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Pengujian antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi kertas cakram dengan lama perendaman 1 jam kemudian diinkubasi selama 3 x 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol sarang lebah memiliki aktivitas tertinggi pada bakteri <em>E. coli </em>yaitu 3,8 mm pada konsentrasi 8%, ekstrak etil asetat sarang lebah pada bakteri <em>S. aureus </em>yaitu 3,72 mm pada konsentrasi 8% dan ekstrak n-heksan sarang lebah pada bakteri <em>E. coli </em>yaitu 16,1 mm pada konsentrasi 8%. Pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak yaitu semakin tinggi konsentrasi maka semakin besar pula daya hambat ekstrak terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>S</em>.<em> aureus, E</em>.<em> coli </em>dan<em> P</em>.<em> aeruginosa</em>.</p><p><strong>Antibacterial Evaluation of Extract Beehive (<em>Apis dorsata</em>) against Growth of Staphylococcus <em>aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em></strong>. Bacterial infectious diseases are serious health problems. A natural antibacterial that can be used to inhibit bacterial growth of honeycomb (propolis, honey bag, egg bag and pollen bag) containing secondary metabolite compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids. The purpose of this research is to know the antibacterial activity of honeycomb extract from each solvent used and to know the effect of honeycomb extract concentration against the bacteria growth of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>. Antibacterial testing was performed by the method of paper disc diffusion with soaking time 1 hour followed by incubation for 3 x 24 hours. The results show that antibacterial activity of methanol honeycomb extract had the highest activity in <em>E. coli</em> bacteria of 3.8 mm at 8% concentration, followed by those of ethyl acetate honeycomb extract and n-hexan honeycomb extract which have antibacterial activity of 3.72 mm and 16,1 mm at 8% concentration against <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em>, respectively. The effect of extract concentration is the higher the concentration the greater the inhibitory power of extract against the bacteria<em> </em>growth of <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>E. coli</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em>.</p>
Association Between Sagittal Spinal Alignment and Physical Function in the Japanese General Elderly Population
Authors: Tokida Ryosuke , Uehara Masashi , Ikegami Shota , Takahashi Jun , Nishimura Hikaru , Sakai Noriko , Kato Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2019

Background:
The extension of healthy life expectancy has become increasingly important because of rising health-care costs and decreases in the quality of life in the elderly population. Although reports have surfaced on an association between sagittal spinal alignment and physical performance, such studies on the healthy population are limited. This study investigated the relationship between sagittal spinal alignment and physical function in the general elderly population.

Methods:
Registered citizens who were 50 to 89 years of age were targeted for this survey. We established 8 groups based on age (50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years, and 80 to 89 years) and sex (male and female) after random sampling from the resident registry of the town of Obuse in 2014. A total of 412 people (203 male and 209 female) were enrolled for the measurement and analysis of radiographic parameters of sagittal spinal alignment and physical performance tests.

Results:
Physical function score values decreased with age, with moderate to strong correlations. Within age subgroups, worsened spinal alignment in standing whole-spinal radiographs indicated diminished physical performance results. The impact of the sagittal vertical axis was especially prominent; as the sagittal vertical axis was shifted forward by 1 standard deviation, 1-leg standing time became shortened by 3.8 seconds. Two-step scores were significantly associated with sagittal vertical axis, global tilt, cervical sagittal vertical axis, and pelvic tilt.

Conclusions:
Our investigation of sagittal spinal alignment on physical function in a Japanese elderly cohort revealed significant negative correlations between spinal alignment and physical performance after excluding the influence of age and sex. Posture change in the community-dwelling elderly population is an important sign of physical function impairment.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The association between sedentary behaviour and indicators of stress: A systematic review
Authors: Teychenne Megan , Stephens Lena D , Costigan Sarah A , Olstad Dana Lee , Stubbs Brendon , Turner Anne I 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Emerging evidence shows sedentary behaviour may be associated with mental health outcomes. Yet, the strength of the evidence linking sedentary behaviour and stress is still unclear. This study aimed to synthesise evidence regarding associations between time spent in sedentary behaviour and stress in adults.
Methods: A systematic search was conducted (January 1990 – September 2019). Following PRISMA guidelines, an evaluation of methodological quality, and best-evidence synthesis of associations between time in sedentary behaviour (including sitting time, TV viewing, computer use) and stress were presented. Twenty-six studies reporting on data from n=72,795 people (age 18-98y, 62.7% women) were included.
Results: Across the studies (n=2 strong-, n=10 moderate- and n=14 weak-quality), there was insufficient evidence that overall time spent in sedentary behaviour and sitting time were associated with stress, particularly when using self-report measures of sedentary behaviour or stress. There was strong evidence of no association between TV viewing, or computer use and stress. Amongst studies using objective measures of sedentary behaviour and/or stress there was also strong evidence of no association.
Conclusion: Although previous research suggested sedentary behaviour may be linked to mental health outcomes such as depression and anxiety, the evidence for an association between various types of sedentary behaviour and stress is limited in quality, and associations are either inconsistent or null. High-quality longitudinal/interventional research is required to confirm findings and determine the direction of associations between different contexts (i.e. purpose) and domains (i.e. leisure, occupational, transport) of sedentary behaviour and stress.

Keywords: sedentary behaviour; sitting time; television viewing; stress; mental health; adults