bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A partially coupled hydro-mechanical analysis of the Bengal Aquifer System under hydrological loading
Authors: Woodman Nicholas D. , Burgess William G. , Ahmed Kazi Matin , Zahid Anwar 
Published: May 2019

Abstract. The coupled poro-mechanical behaviour of geologic-fluid systems is
fundamental to numerous processes in structural geology, seismology, and
geotechnics, but is frequently overlooked in hydrogeology. Substantial
poro-mechanical influences on groundwater head have recently been highlighted
in the Bengal Aquifer System, however, driven by terrestrial water loading
across the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna floodplains. Groundwater management in
this strategically important fluvio-deltaic aquifer, the largest in southern
Asia, requires a coupled hydro-mechanical approach which acknowledges
poroelasticity. We present a simple partially coupled,
1-D poroelastic model of the
Bengal Aquifer System, and explore the poro-mechanical responses of the
aquifer to surface boundary conditions representing hydraulic head and
mechanical load under three modes of terrestrial water variation. The
characteristic responses, shown as amplitude and phase of hydraulic head in
depth profile and of ground
surface deflection, demonstrate (i) the limits to using water levels in
piezometers to indicate groundwater recharge, as conventionally applied in
groundwater resources management; (ii) the conditions under which piezometer
water levels respond primarily to changes in the mass of terrestrial water
storage, as applied in geological weighing lysimetry; (iii) the
relationship of ground surface vertical
deflection with changes in groundwater storage; and (iv) errors of attribution
that could result from ignoring the poroelastic behaviour of the aquifer.
These concepts are illustrated through application of the partially coupled
model to interpret multi-level piezometer data at two sites in southern
Bangladesh. There is a need for further research into the coupled responses
of the aquifer due to more complex forms of surface loading, particularly
from rivers.
Maatwerk in contact: vragen om verschillen bij complexe opgaven
Authors: van der Pool Els , Rijnja Guido 
Published: May 2019

Tailor-made contact: asking for differences in complex assignments
Governance is a human activity and is therefore unquestionably about relationships. Relationships between public and private parties. Relationships in existing steering-oriented structures (the political administrator as guardian, magistrate) and also relationships in new forms of cooperation that are often focused on good relationships (government participation). Public-private partnerships are inevitably accompanied by conflicting interests that place different demands on interactions. One-size-fits-all does not fit there, but customization is required, with constant alignment with what is – and what is not (yet). And so the ability to make contact requires much more attention, and from there to explore and grasp perspectives. How do you work on the tensions that you find on your way? It is there that the method of communication influences how the process of cooperation and steering proceeds. This is not a matter of whether-or, but and-and. Both perspectives are characterized by a different relationship with those involved and a different way of contact and interaction. This article focuses on contact from a collaborative perspective. The classical administrative side already has a rich history, while the cooperation side is often still an unknown and unexplored territory. The central question is: how can you, as a director and public professional, deliver tailor-made solutions and therefore adapt to complex tasks? The authors look at complex situations from a communicative perspective and they introduce ‘appreciative communication’ as the art of aligning with what really moves people, as a frame of view of the inconvenience caused by the differences present. They highlight a number of generic tensions that can arise in cooperation situations. A case study into the approach to regional innovation in the field of mobility serves as an illustration.
Een inkijk in het leiderschap van Cannabis Social Clubs in België: criminelen, activisten, modelburgers?
Authors: Pardal Mafalda 
Published: May 2019

The leadership of Cannabis Social Clubs in Belgium: criminals, activists or model citizens?
In this article, Cannabis Social Clubs (CSCs) are understood as being social movement organizations advocating for the legalization of a closed, cooperative and non-profit model for cannabis supply among adult users. Drawing on qualitative data collected in Belgium, this paper analyses how one becomes a leader of a CSC as well as the functional role assumed by those individuals. It further unveils how Belgian CSC leaders’ engagement in those organizations and in the wider cannabis movement is perceived. We identify and discuss the techniques employed by those key activists to manage cannabis-related stigma drawing on a framework developed by Lindblom and Jacobsson’s (2014). While CSCs might contribute to normalizing cannabis use and supply, our analysis suggests that CSC leaders face some degree of stigmatization, shifting between conformist and confrontational techniques to manage the perceived cannabis-related stigma. Building on the case of Belgian CSC leaders, this paper makes a contribution to the understanding of an under-researched movement, and the role of the leaders within it, expanding also the application of Lindblom and Jacobsson’s (2014) framework to a novel area of activism.
From the Archives: William Richardson’s Questions for Martin Heidegger’s “Preface”
Authors: Richardson William J. , Capobianco Richard , Moore Ian Alexander ,   The Heidegger Circle
Published: May 2019

Martin Heidegger wrote one and only one preface for a scholarly work on his thinking, and it was for William J. Richardson’s study Heidegger: Through Phenomenology to Thought, first published in 1963. Ever since, both Heidegger’s Preface and Richardson’s groundbreaking book have played an important role in Heidegger scholarship. Much has been discussed about these texts over the decades, but what has not been available to students and scholars up to this point is Richardson’s original comments and questions to Heidegger that led to the famous Preface. These are published here for the first time both in the German original and in our English translation. In our commentary we 1) discuss how Heidegger’s Preface came about, 2) explain the source and status of the materials published here, and 3) pair selected passages from Richardson’s text with Heidegger’s reply in his Preface to highlight the consonance of their thinking.
Microglandular Adenosis and Associated Invasive Carcinoma
Authors: Kravtsov Oleksandr , Jorns Julie M. 
Published: May 2019

Context.—Microglandular adenosis is a rare borderline neoplastic lesion of the breast composed of haphazardly located small, round tubules with a single cell layer interspersed within breast stroma and/or adipose tissue. Microglandular adenosis is devoid of a myoepithelial cell layer, and has a characteristic immunophenotype, being positive for S100 and negative for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2/neu. When associated with cancer, microglandular adenosis and associated invasive carcinoma share the same molecular alterations, including TP53 mutation; therefore, microglandular adenosis is considered a nonobligate precursor of triple (HER2/neu, estrogen and progesterone receptors)–negative breast carcinoma. Microglandular adenosis is an important diagnostic pitfall as it can be easily mistaken for a low-grade invasive carcinoma.Objective.—To provide a review of the clinicopathologic features of microglandular adenosis and associated invasive carcinoma, with emphasis on key features separating entities in the differential diagnosis.Data Sources.—Review of current literature on microglandular adenosis and associated invasive carcinoma and personal experience of authors.Conclusions.—Microglandular adenosis can mimic breast carcinoma; attention to key features, including morphologic-immunophenotypic correlation, is essential in establishing the diagnosis.
Technical Feasibility Study of the Use of Softwoods in Lattice Structure “Howe” Type for Roofing (Gaps between 8-18 Meters)
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel Oberon Bertoldi , Pinheiro Roberto Vasconcelos , Arroyo Felipe Nascimento , Almeida Diego Henrique de , Almeida Tiago Hendrigo de , Silva Diogo Aparecido Lopes , Christoforo André Luis , Lahr Francisco Antonio Rocco 
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Wood is a material of biological origin widely used in construction, and its mechanical properties allow the material to form the lattice structure of roofs used in warehouses of industrial use, however, the paradigm as to the behaviour of the material makes the design decision less susceptible.
Aims: This work intends to verify the feasibility and optimize the use of unconventional wood in triangular roof truss structures in regions of flat topography, with a characteristic wind speed of 30 m/s.
Methods: The design methodology was fully based on the recommendations of ABNT NBR 7190
For the elements dimensioning, it was necessary to define the geometric and structural parameters that directly influence the actions and loads, as well as the behaviour of the structural elements.
Results: The choice of wood in this context, it was proposed the elaboration of projects of roofing structures with the following characteristics: "Howe" latticework (inclination of 10º - steel roof tile); Spans of 8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18 meters (ratio width: length, in plan, environment of 1: 3); Typology of the lateral openings of the building - (relationships between main opening area: other openings) 1:1, 2:1, 6:1 and insulated coverings (coverage on a medium of reduced dimensions).
Conclusion: The ratio of the volume of wood per floor area (m³.m-²) for C20 and C30 grade timber was determined, as well as the consumption of metallic pins per floor area, following the requirements of Brazilian standards, proving the technical feasibility.
Detection of Adulteration in Edible Oil Using FT-IR Spectroscopy and Machine Learning
Authors: Antora S. A. , Hossain M. N. , Rahman M. M. , Alim M. A. , Kamruzzaman M. 
Published: May 2019

Aims: To detect the adulterant in edible oil rapidly.
Study Design: Authenticity and adulteration detection in edible oils are the increasing challenges for researchers, consumers, industries and regulatory agencies. Traditional approaches may not be the most effective option to combat against adulteration in edible oils as that’s are complex, laborious, expensive, require a high degree of technical knowledge when interpreting data and produce hazardous chemical. Consequently, a cost effective, rapid and reliable method is required.
Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was conducted jointly in the laboratory of the Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh and the Institute of Food Science and Technology, BCSIR, Dhaka.
Methods: In this study, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy coupled with multivariate analysis was used for adulteration detection in sunflower and rice bran oil. Sunflower oil was adulterated with soybean oil in the range of 10-50% (v/v) and rice bran oil was adulterated with palm oil in the range of 4-40% (v/v) at approximately 10% and 5% increments respectively. FTIR spectra were recorded in the wavenumber range of 4000-650cm-1.
Results: FTIR spectra data in the whole spectral range and reduced spectral range were used to develop a partial least square regression (PLSR) model to predict the level of adulteration in sunflower and palm oils. Good prediction model was obtained for all PLSR models with a coefficient of determination (R2) of >= 0.985 and root mean square errors of calibration (RMSEC) in the range of 0-1.7325%.
Conclusion: The result suggested that FTIR spectroscopy associated with multivariate analysis has the great potential for a rapid and non-destructive detection of adulteration in edible oils laborious conventional analytical techniques.
Evaluation of Emergency Nurses’ Knowledge and Performance about Hospital Triage
Authors: Sherafat Asghar , Vaezi Ali Akbar , Vafaeenasab Mohammadreza , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Fallahzadeh Hossein , Tavangar Hossein 
Published: May 2019

Background and Objectives: By knowing the level of knowledge of triage nurses, we will be capable of making the right decision about allocating suitable resources for enriching the quality of the emergency department. So, the objective of our study is to evaluate triage knowledge and performance of emergency nurses in Yazd province of Iran.
Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. The sampling was performed from all nurses responsible for triage in emergency departments of 8 educational hospitals of Yazd University of Medical Sciences were included for our sampling in the study. Data collection was done using a questionnaire whose validity and reliability have already been approved. After evaluating all the questionnaires, 84 of them were completed, and others were excluded from the study. Data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS version 22 software.
Results: According to statistical analysis results, there was no significant relationship between the knowledge score, performance and total score with demographic characteristics. Moreover, there was no significant relationship between educational courses, work experience and work shift with knowledge, performance and total score. Although female nurses’ scores in knowledge and performance areas was higher than male scores, the differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The level of knowledge of the nurses employed in the emergency departments of Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences in Yazd is moderate in terms of triage. However, the performance of nurses working in the emergency departments of the aforementioned centers is higher than average. It is concluded that there is an immediate need to reconsider nurses triage education and improve the triage knowledge and performance among nurses.
A General Approach to Probe Dynamic Operation and Carrier Mobility in Field‐Effect Transistors with Nonuniform Accumulation
Authors: Liu Chuan , Chen Changdong , Li Xiaojie , Hu Sujuan , Liu Chenning , Huang Kairong , Dai Fuhua , Zhang Baijun , Liu Xuying , Minari Takeo , Noh Yong‐Young , Chen Jun 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRevealing the intrinsic electrical properties is the basis of understanding new functional materials and developing their applications. However, in nonideal field‐effect transistors (FETs), conventional current–voltage characterizations do not accurately probe charge transport, particularly for newly developed semiconductors. Here, a generalized gated four‐probe (G‐GFP) technique is developed, which detects dynamic changes in carrier accumulation and transport. The technique is suitable for exploring the intrinsic properties of semiconductors in FETs with arbitrary contacts and in any operational regimes above the threshold. Application to simulated transistors confirms its accuracy in probing the evolution of channel potential, drift field, and gate‐dependent carrier mobility for devices with a contact‐limited operation and disordered semiconductors. Comparative experiments are performed based on FETs with various materials, device structures, and operational temperatures. The G‐GFP technique proves to exclude the various injection properties, to detect in situ how carriers are accumulated, and to clarify carrier mobility of the semiconductors. In particular, the well‐known “double‐slope” features in the current–voltage relations are controllably generated and their origins are identified. The approach could be used to explore electronic properties of newly developed materials such as organic, oxide, or 2D semiconductors.
12.29% Low Temperature–Processed Dopant‐Free CdS/p‐Si Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Cai Lun , Wang Wenxian , Jin Lei , Yao Zhirong , Lin Wenjie , Meng Lanxiang , Ai Bin , Liang Zongcun , Huang Yuelong , Zhang Fuqin , Altermatt Pietro P. , Shen Hui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMost crystalline silicon (c‐Si) solar cells are based on high temperature–processed p‐n junctions or highly doped heterojunctions. The concept of dopant‐free carrier selective contact has become a research hotspot and been successfully demonstrated with n‐type Si wafers, showing the great potential of simplified fabrication process and lower thermal‐consuming. However, there are few successful cases on p‐Si, dopant‐free p‐Si/CdS (cadmium sulfide)/ITO (indium tin oxide) solar cells with champion efficiency of 12.29% (device area 4 cm2) have been demonstrated with DC magnetron sputtered CdS thin films working as electron‐selective contact. A proper annealing treatment is found essential in improving the p‐Si/CdS/ITO heterocontact and device performance. The author's preliminary results confirm the feasibility of preparation of efficient p‐Si wafer–based dopant‐free solar cells.
Progress and Perspectives of Atomically Engineered Perovskite Oxide Interfaces for Electronics and Electrocatalysts
Authors: Chen Yunzhong , Green Robert J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe 2D electron gases (2DEGs) at the surfaces and interfaces of SrTiO3‐based homo‐ and heterostructures provide new opportunities for electronics and spintronics. Herein, the recent progresses in the creation of advanced material systems of conducting oxide interfaces with engineered electronic reconstructions and redox reactions, as well as their characterization by a nondestructive resonant X‐ray reflectivity technique, are summarized. Moreover, the development of modulation‐doped high‐mobility oxide 2DEGs and the magnetic‐proximity‐induced spin‐polarized 2DEGs at oxide interfaces are also discussed. Finally, the perspectives on design of conducting oxide interfaces for a new generation of quantum devices and mixed electronic and ionic conducting electrocatalysts are addressed. Atomically engineered oxide interfaces will represent a unique family of quantum materials for future information and energy technologies.
Electrically Tuneable Exciton‐Polaritons through Free Electron Doping in Monolayer WS2 Microcavities
Authors: Fernandez Henry A. , Withers Freddie , Russo Saverio , Barnes William L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study demonstrates control over light–matter coupling at room temperature combining a field effect transistor (FET) with a tuneable optical microcavity. This microcavity FET comprises a monolayer tungsten disulfide, WS2, semiconductor which is transferred onto a hexagonal boron nitride flake that acts as a dielectric spacer in the microcavity, and as an electric insulator in the FET. In this tuneable system, strong coupling between excitons in the monolayer WS2 and cavity photons can be tuned by controlling the cavity length, which is achieved with excellent stability, allowing to choose from the second to the fifth order of the cavity modes. Once the strong coupling regime is achieved, the oscillator strength of excitons is then modified in the semiconductor material by modifying the free electron carrier density in the conduction band of the WS2. This enables strong Coulomb repulsion between free electrons, which reduces the oscillator strength of excitons until the Rabi splitting completely disappears. The charge carrier density is controlled from 0 up to 3.2 × 1012 cm−2, and over this range the Rabi splitting varies from a maximum value that depends on the cavity mode chosen, down to zero, so the system spans the strong to weak coupling regimes.
A Review on Modeling Techniques of Cementitious Materials under Different Length Scales: Development and Future Prospects
Authors: Wang Xing Quan , Chow Cheuk Lun , Lau Denvid 
Published: May 2019

AbstractModeling can provide guidelines for improving the mechanical properties, durability, and sustainability of concrete, which is the most important and widely used construction material in today's world. This review aims to summarize the modeling of cementitious materials from the historical perspective. The development of macroscopic constitutive models and computational methods for concrete at macro‐scale is presented first. However, the existing macroscopic models are insufficient to explain fundamentally the deformation and failure of concrete. In order to understand the atomic interaction that governs the material behavior, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations should be adopted in order to understand the fundamental deformation mechanisms of cement, fiber‐reinforced polymers (FRP), and related systems. Coupled with the development of nano‐scale modeling, multi‐scale modeling is introduced in order to build linkage between nano‐scale and macro‐scale models. This paper provides a clear understanding of the limitations and potentials of different modeling methods, as well as the development trend of cementitious materials. The future prospect of the nano‐engineering approach is illustrated so as to inspire the improvement of construction materials. Additionally, the key challenges associated with cementitious material modeling are discussed.
Chemie, Biologie und Regulierung der Nitrifikation von Ammonium im Boden
Authors: Wendeborn Sebastian 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUngefähr zwei Prozent des Weltenergieverbrauchs werden zur Herstellung von Ammoniak aus Wasserstoff‐ und Stickstoffgas aufgewendet. Als Bestandteil von Düngemitteln zur Wachstumsförderung von Kulturpflanzen in der Intensivlandwirtschaft gelangt Ammoniak in riesigen Mengen in die Umwelt. Nur 30–50 % des eingesetzten Stickstoffs werden von den Nutzpflanzen aufgenommen, die übrigen 50–70 % gehen in biologische Prozesse ein, z. B. die Nitrifikation durch den Stoffwechsel von Bodenmikroben. Dies bewirkt ein Ungleichgewicht im globalen Stickstoffzyklus und höhere Emissionen von Distickstoffoxid (ein wirksames und bedeutendes Treibhausgas) sowie die Verunreinigung von Grund‐ und Oberflächenwasser durch Nitrat aus den stickstoffgedüngten Ackerböden. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen kritischen Überblick über das aktuelle Wissen zu den an der Ammoniaknitrifikation beteiligten Bodenmikroben, den Strukturen und Mechanismen der zugehörigen Enzyme sowie sekundäre Pflanzenstoffe, die die Ammoniaknitrifizierung hemmen können.
Der “Persistent Radical Effect” in der organischen Chemie
Authors: Leifert Dirk , Studer Armido 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRadikal‐Radikal‐Kupplungen sind nahezu diffusionskontrollierte Prozesse. Daher sind selektive Kreuzkupplungen zweier unterschiedlicher Radikale schwierig zu realisieren und stellen somit synthetisch nicht wertvolle Prozesse dar. Wenn die beiden Radikale allerdings eine unterschiedliche Lebensdauer aufweisen und in gleichen Raten gebildet werden, wird die Kreuzkupplung zum dominierenden Prozess. Die hohe Kreuzselektivität basiert auf einem kinetischen Phänomen, dem “Persistent Radical Effect” (PRE). In diesem Aufsatz wird eine von Simulationen einfacher Modellsysteme gestützte Erklärung des PRE geliefert. Weiter werden die Stabilität von Radikalen in Bezug auf ihre Lebensdauer und verschiedene Beispiele für PRE‐vermittelte Radikal‐Radikal‐Kupplungen in der Synthese diskutiert. Es wird gezeigt, dass der PRE nicht auf Kupplungen persistenter mit transienten Radikalen beschränkt ist. Der PRE mit einhergehender hoher Kreuzselektivität greift bereits, wenn ein Kupplungspartner langlebiger als das andere transiente Radikal ist. Diese Tatsache erweitert signifikant das Anwendungsgebiet PRE‐vermittelter Radikalchemie. Dieser Aufsatz ist in zwei Teile aufgeteilt: 1) die Kupplung persistenter oder langlebiger organischer Radikale und 2) Radikal‐Metall‐Kreuzungsreaktionen; hierbei werden Metall‐zentrierte Radikalspezies oder allgemeiner langlebige Übergangsmetallkomplexe, welche mit Radikalen reagieren, diskutiert – ein Gebiet, das jüngst stark expandiert ist.