bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Ombitasvir/Paritaprevir/Ritonavir and Dasabuvir With or Without Ribavirin in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1 Infection Receiving Opioid Substitution Therapy: A Post Hoc Analysis of 12 Clinical Trials
Authors: Grebely Jason , Puoti Massimo , Wedemeyer Heiner , Cooper Curtis , Sulkowski Mark S , Foster Graham R , Berg Thomas , Villa Erica , Rodriguez-Perez Federico , Wyles David L , Schnell Gretja , Alami Negar N , Zhang Zhenzhen , Dumas Emily , Dore Gregory J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
We evaluated the impact of opioid substitution therapy (OST) on the completion, adherence, efficacy, and safety of the 3-direct-acting antiviral regimen of ombitasvir, paritaprevir (identified by AbbVie and Enanta) co-dosed with ritonavir, and dasabuvir ± ribavirin among patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 1, with or without compensated cirrhosis.

Methods
Data were pooled from GT1-infected patients enrolled in 12 phase II/III/IIIb clinical trials and categorized by use of OST. Patients with ongoing drug use were excluded. HCV treatment completion, treatment adherence (≥90%), sustained virologic response at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12), and adverse events were assessed.

Results
Of 4747 patients, 3% (n = 149) received OST. Among patients receiving OST vs those not receiving OST, 82% (n = 122) vs 52% (n = 2409) had GT1a infection; 76% (n = 113) vs 61% (n = 2792) were treatment naïve; and 17% (n = 25) vs 18% (n = 830) had cirrhosis, respectively. The proportion of patients completing HCV treatment did not differ between those receiving and not receiving OST (97% [n = 144] vs 98% [n = 4510], respectively), whereas adherence to treatment was reduced in patients receiving vs those not receiving OST (88% [n = 105] vs 97% [n = 4057], respectively). SVR12 was similar between patients receiving and not receiving OST (94% [n = 140] vs 96% [n = 4405], respectively; P = .273). Treatment was well tolerated.

Conclusions
Although treatment adherence was lower in patients receiving OST vs those not receiving OST, treatment completion and SVR12 were similar between groups. These data support the use of direct-acting antiviral therapies in patients receiving OST.
A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum—Chapter 8: The Posterior Cingulate Cortex, Medial Parietal Lobe, and Parieto-Occipital Sulcus
Authors: Baker Cordell M , Burks Joshua D , Briggs Robert G , Conner Andrew K , Glenn Chad A , Manohar Krishna , Milton Camille K , Sali Goksel , McCoy Tressie M , Battiste James D , O’Donoghue Daniel L , Sughrue Michael E 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we build on work previously published under the Human Connectome Project. Specifically, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In part 8, we specifically address regions relevant to the posterior cingulate cortex, medial parietal lobe, and the parieto-occipital sulcus.
A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum—Chapter 11: Tractographic Description of the Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus
Authors: Sali Goksel , Briggs Robert G , Conner Andrew K , Rahimi Meherzad , Baker Cordell M , Burks Joshua D , Glenn Chad A , Battiste James D , Sughrue Michael E 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we seek to show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In this chapter, we specifically address regions integrating to form the inferior longitudinal fasciculus.
A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum—Chapter 14: Tractographic Description of the Frontal Aslant Tract
Authors: Briggs Robert G , Conner Andrew K , Rahimi Meherzad , Sali Goksel , Baker Cordell M , Burks Joshua D , Glenn Chad A , Battiste James D , Sughrue Michael E 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In this chapter, we specifically address the regions integrating to form the frontal aslant tract.
A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum—Chapter 17: Tractographic Description of the Cingulum
Authors: Briggs Robert G , Conner Andrew K , Sali Goksel , Rahimi Meherzad , Baker Cordell M , Burks Joshua D , Glenn Chad A , Battiste James D , Sughrue Michael E 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT
In this supplement, we show a comprehensive anatomic atlas of the human cerebrum demonstrating all 180 distinct regions comprising the cerebral cortex. The location, functional connectivity, and structural connectivity of these regions are outlined, and where possible a discussion is included of the functional significance of these areas. In this chapter, we specifically address regions integrating to form the cingulum.
A Connectomic Atlas of the Human Cerebrum—Chapter 18: The Connectional Anatomy of Human Brain Networks
Authors: Briggs Robert G , Conner Andrew K , Baker Cordell M , Burks Joshua D , Glenn Chad A , Sali Goksel , Battiste James D , O’Donoghue Daniel L , Sughrue Michael E 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND
It is widely understood that cortical functions are mediated by complex, interdependent brain networks. These networks have been identified and studied using novel technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging under both resting-state and task-based conditions. However, no one has attempted to describe these networks in terms of their cortical parcellations.

OBJECTIVE
To describe our approach to network modeling and discuss its significance for the future of neuronavigation in brain surgery using the cortical parcellation scheme detailed within this supplement.

METHODS
Using network models previously elucidated by our group using coordinate-based meta-analytic techniques, we show the anatomic position and underlying white matter tracts of the cortical regions comprising 8 functional networks of the human cerebrum. These network models are displayed using Synaptive's clinically available BrightMatter tractography software (Synaptive Medical, Toronto, Canada).

RESULTS
The relevant cortical parcellations of 8 different cerebral networks have been identified. The fiber tracts between these regions were used to construct anatomically precise models of the networks. Models are described for the dorsal attention, ventral attention, semantic, auditory, supplementary motor, ventral premotor, default mode, and salience networks.

CONCLUSION
Our goal is to move towards more precise, anatomically specific models of brain networks that can be constructed for individual patients and utilized in navigational platforms during brain surgery. We believe network modeling and future advances in navigation technology can provide a foundation for improving neurosurgical outcomes by allowing us to preserve complex brain networks.
Association of Muscle Strength and Walking Performance in Adult Patients With Pompe Disease
Authors: Favejee Marein M , van der Meijden Jan C , Kruijshaar Michelle E , Rizopoulos Dimitris , van der Ploeg Ans T , Bussmann Johannes B J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
The loss of the ability to walk is among the most prominent signs of Pompe disease. The associations with muscle strength have not been described.

Objective
The objective of this study was to estimate the associations of walking performance with muscle strength in 4 specific lower extremity muscle groups along with other factors in adult patients with Pompe disease.

Design
This was a single-center, cross-sectional study.

Methods
Muscle strength (hand-held dynamometry of hip flexion and abduction and knee extension and flexion) and walking performance (unable to walk, able with aids, walking without aids but with a waddling gait, or walking without aids and with a normal gait) were assessed in 107 patients at their first visit. Relationships between walking performance and muscle strength were studied through multivariate analyses and regression modeling. Age, sex, body mass index (BMI), disease duration, and use of ventilator support were taken into account as potential confounders. The results were transformed into a nomogram to allow the probability of a patient having a certain level of walking performance to be calculated based on the values of the independent variables.

Results
Walking performance declined significantly with decreasing muscle strength of hip flexion and abduction and knee extension and flexion. The final selected model, including strength of the hip abductor and knee extensor, BMI, age, sex, and use of ventilation, predicted 66% of the cases accurately.

Limitations
These results are based on cross-sectional data and do not predict future changes.

Conclusions
In adult people with Pompe disease, walking performance can be explained by muscle strength, BMI, age, sex, and ventilation use. The proposed model gives insight into how an individual is expected to walk based on his or her risk factors and serves as a starting point to unraveling factors associated with walking performance and ultimately to developing a prognostic model.
Chronic maternal inflammation during late gestation impairs subsequent β-cell function but not islet growth in fetal sheep
Authors: Abebe M D , Cadaret C N , Barnes T B , Beede K A , Yates D T 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) greatly increases perinatal mortality and morbidity rates, and leads to much greater risk for metabolic complications later in life. One such complication is the development of glucose intolerance or diabetes, which typically develops concurrently with abhorrent patterns of insulin secretions due to diminished β-cell mass and impaired function as well as an overall reduction in pancreatic endocrine tissue. The mechanisms by which IUGR causes problems with health and function of the pancreatic islets are not well understood. Therefore, our goal for this study was to determine how materno-fetal inflammation (MI) affects β-cell growth and function. To do this, we compared the average islet areas, plasma insulin concentrations, and blood glucose concentrations between MI-IUGR fetal lambs (n = 7) and control fetal lambs (n = 7). Pregnant ewes were injected with saline (controls) or 0.1-µg/kg bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) every 3 d from days 100 to 115 of gestation (term = 150 d). Throughout late gestation, arterial blood of the fetus was periodically drawn and analyzed for plasma insulin (ELISA) and blood glucose (ABL90 FLEX) levels. On day 125 of gestation, ewes were euthanized and fetal pancreas was extracted. Sections of the fetal pancreas were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, sectioned (cryostat) at a thickness of 8 µm, stained for insulin-positive area, and imaged on 20x magnification for analysis of average islet area. Between MI-IUGR and control fetuses, there were no differences in average islet areas (1675 ± 286 and 1678 ± 287 µm2, respectively), which indicates that MI did not impair growth and physical development of fetal islets. In addition, blood glucose was similar in all fetuses. However, results showed less (P ≤ 0.05) plasma insulin concentration in MI-IUGR fetuses (0.39 ± 0.07 ng/mL) than in controls (0.70 ± 0.09 ng/mL). This indicates impaired β-cell functional capacity in MI-IUGR fetuses despite normal growth, which is quantified by a tendency (P = 0.08) for strong positive correlation (r = 0.91) between plasma insulin and islet area in control fetuses but an absence of correlation in MI-IUGR fetuses. From this study, we can conclude that MI-IUGR has no effect on the growth and physical development of β cells; however, it does greatly affect their function.
A longitudinal study of digital cushion thickness and its function as a predictor for compromised locomotion and hoof lesions in Holstein cows
Authors: Stambuk Cassandra R , McArt Jessica A A , Bicalho Rodrigo C , Miles Asha M , Huson Heather J 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Lameness is a major animal welfare and economic issue for the dairy industry and is a challenge to overcome due to multifaceted causes. Digital cushion thickness (DCT) is a strong predictor of lameness and is phenotypically associated with incidence of claw horn disruption lesions (CHDL; sole ulcers and white line disease). We hypothesized that DCT varies between digits and across lactation within the cow. This variation could be characterized to predict the occurrence of CHDL or compromised locomotion. BCS, visual locomotion score (VLS), DCT, and presence or absence of lesions were collected at 4 time points: &lt;40 d prepartum (DPP), 1 to 30 d in milk (DIM), 90 to 120 DIM, and ≥255 DIM for 183 commercial Holstein cows enrolled in the study. Cows underwent digital sonographic examination for the measurement of DCT evaluated at the typical sole ulcer site beneath the flexor tuberosity for the right front medial and lateral digits and right hind medial and lateral digits. Factors such as parity number and stage in lactation were obtained from farm management software (DairyComp 305; Valley Agricultural Software, Tulare, CA). Cows were grouped by parity: primiparous (parity = 1) or multiparous (parity ≥ 2). The prevalence of CHDL among time points ranged from 0% to 4.2% for primiparous cows vs. 2.5% to 25% for multiparous cows, whereas the prevalence of lameness based on VLS of 3 to 5 ranged from 1.7% to 8.3% for primiparous cows vs. 12.7% to 33% for multiparous cows. DCT varied within primiparous and multiparous cows based on stage of lactation and digit (P &lt; 0.05) and was thicker for both parity groups prior to dry off (≥255 DIM) and thinnest prior to calving (&lt;40 DPP) and after peak lactation (90 to 120 DIM). The DCT of the front medial digit was thickest for primiparous heifers, whereas the hind lateral digit was thickest for multiparous cows. The DCT of the hind medial digit was thinnest for both parity groups. Parity group and DCT of the hind lateral digit &lt;40 DPP were important predictors of CHDL (P &lt; 0.05), whereas parity group and DCT of the hind lateral digit and front lateral digit at 1 to 30 DIM were key predictors of VLS lameness (P &lt; 0.05). These results may help identify animals with higher odds of developing these diseases by highlighting key time points and specific digits of importance for monitoring. In addition, it improves our biological understanding of the relationship between DCT and lameness.
Effects of dietary supplementation of l-methionine vs. dl-methionine on performance, plasma concentrations of free amino acids and other metabolites, and myogenesis gene expression in young growing pigs
Authors: Yang Zhongyue , Hasan Md Shamimul , Htoo John K , Burnett Derris D , Feugang Jean M , Crenshaw Mark A , Liao Shengfa F 
Published: September 2018

AbstractMethionine (Met), the second or third limiting amino acid (AA) in typical swine diets, plays important roles in promoting swine health and growth, especially, muscle growth. Whereas dl-Met products have been used in swine industry for many years, l-Met products have been developed recently. This research was conducted to study the effects of supplemental l-Met or dl-Met on nutrient metabolism, muscle gene expression, and growth performance of pigs. Twenty crossbred young barrows (initial body weight [BW] 21.2 ± 2.7 kg) were randomly assigned to 20 individual pens and two dietary treatments according to a completely randomized design with pigs serving as the experiment unit (n = 10). Two corn and soybean meal-based diets (diets 1 and 2) were formulated to meet or exceed the recommended requirements for energy, AA, and other nutrients (NRC. 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine, 11th ed. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; AMINODat 5.0). Crystalline l-Met and dl-Met were supplemented to diets 1 and 2 (both at 0.13%, as-fed basis), respectively. After 4 wk of an ad libitum feeding trial, BW and feed intake were measured to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F). Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein for analyses of plasma AA and metabolite concentrations. The longissimus dorsi muscle samples were collected for analysis of myogenesis gene expression. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test. There were no differences (P = 0.56 to 0.94) in ADG, ADFI, or G:F between pigs fed the two experimental diets and no differences between diets were observed in plasma free AA concentrations. No differences were observed between pigs fed the two diets in expression of mRNA for eight myogenesis-related genes, which were myogenic differentiation 1, myogenin, myogenic factors 5, muscle regulatory factor 4 (a.k.a. myogenic factors 6), and myocyte enhancer factors 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D. In conclusion, results of this experiment indicate that the bioefficacy of l-Met is not different from that of dl-Met, which is likely because of an efficient conversion of d-Met to l-Met by pigs.
Application of Game Theory to Explore the Dynamics of Host−Pathogen Association in Phytobiomes
Authors: Kim Man S. , Zhang Huan , Shim Won Bo 
Published: September 2018

Recent advances in sequencing technology and big data analytics are moving plant pathology into a new era where we are now pursuing a deeper systems-level understanding of host–pathogen associations. For past several decades, scientists have predominantly tried to delineate and streamline these interactions into single pathogen–single host model systems, using reductionist experimental approaches. As many of us are aware, there have been several significant proposed ideas and models to help simplify and conceptualize the complex nature of associations that occur between plants and pathogens. However, equipped with vastly improved technology we now have opportunities to further explore multicomponent host–pathogen associations as well as microbe–microbe associations in phytobiomes and agroecosystems. Here, we would like to share our perspective on how game theory concepts could be adopted to study the dynamics of complex phytobiomes and to help us gain fresh and transformative insight. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Transgenerational transmission of maternal stimulatory experience in domesticated birds
Authors: Liu Lei , Yang Ning , Xu Guiyun , Liu Shuli , Wang Di , Song Jiuzhou , Duan Zhongyi , Yang Shuang , Yu Ying 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe environmental stimuli experienced by a female can influence phenotypes and gene expression in the subsequent generations. We used a specifically designed domesticated‐bird model to examine the transgenerational transmission of maternal stimulus exposure, a phenomenon that has been observed but has not been understood in noninbred animals. We subjected parental generation [filial (F)0] hens to viral‐ or bacterial‐like stimulation after artificial insemination. Subsequent filial generations F1 and F2 transmitted growth or fertility variations without further stimulation in contrast to the controls. The whole‐genome bisulfite sequence and next‐generation mRNA sequencing of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from the F1 generation revealed DNA methylome and transcriptome differences in the F1 polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic [poly(I:C)] acid or LPS offspring, compared with the F1 controls. In the F1 offspring, DNA methylation changes induced by maternal immune stimulation may have contributed to transcriptional variation. Pathways analysis indicated that the metabolic processes of xenobiotics and drug metabolism pathways, as well as reproduction‐related pathways, were involved in the transgenerational transmission of maternal stimulatory experience. Furthermore, LPS‐induced transcriptional transmission may have contributed to subfertility, as indicated by the results of comparative analysis between the transcriptomes of spleen tissues across the F0 and F1 generations, as well as the correlative analysis between the transcriptome and reproductive phenotypes. Our findings provide a framework for determining the mechanisms by which maternal stimulatory factors can be inherited transgenerationally with respect to growth, fertility, DNA methylation, and transcriptional levels in outbred animals.—Liu, L., Yang, N., Xu, G., Liu, S., Wang, D., Song, J., Duan, Z., Yang, S., Yu, Y. Transgenerational transmission of maternal stimulatory experience in domesticated birds. FASEB J. 32, 7002–7017 (2018). www.fasebj.org
Diagnostic Assessment of Assumptions for External Validity
Authors: Webster-Clark Michael A. , Sanoff Hanna K. , Stürmer Til , Peacock Hinton Sharon , Lund Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2018

Background:
Methods developed to estimate intervention effects in external target populations assume that all important effect measure modifiers have been identified and appropriately modeled. Propensity score–based diagnostics can be used to assess the plausibility of these assumptions for weighting methods.

Methods:
We demonstrate the use of these diagnostics when assessing the transportability of treatment effects from the standard of care for metastatic colorectal cancer control arm in a phase III trial (HORIZON III) to a target population of 1,942 Medicare beneficiaries age 65+ years.

Results:
In an unadjusted comparison, control arm participants had lower mortality compared with target population patients treated with the standard of care therapy (trial vs. target hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58, 0.89). Applying inverse odds of sampling weights attenuated the trial versus target HR (weighted HR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.73, 1.26). However, whether unadjusted or weighted, hazards did not appear proportional. At 6 months of follow-up, mortality was lower in the weighted trial population than the target population (weighted trial vs. target risk difference [RD] = −0.07, 95% CI = −0.13, −0.01), but not at 12 months (weighted RD = 0.00, 95% CI = −0.09, 0.09).

Conclusion:
These diagnostics suggest that direct transport of treatment effects from HORIZON III to the Medicare population is not valid. However, the proposed sampling model might allow valid transport of the treatment effects on longer-term mortality from HORIZON III to the Medicare population treated in clinical practice. See video abstract at, http://links.lww.com/EDE/B435.