bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, optimization and evaluation of ibuprofen fast dissolving tablets employing starch succinate: A new superdisintegrant
Authors: Santosh Kumar Rada , Satya Yagnesh T. Naga 
Published: April 2019

The current scenario emphasize on oral administration. The main disadvantage in oral administration was difficulty in swallowing for pediatric and geriatric patients. To solve this problem in oral drug delivery system, the formulation of fast dissolving systems found to be the best alternatives. The present investigation involves in the evaluation of starch succinate as a superdintegrant in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets of poorly soluble drugs employing 23factorial design. Starch succinate was synthesized by esterification process. The synthesized starch succinate was subjected to physical and micromeritic evaluation. All fast dissolving tablets were evaluated for drug content, hardness, friability, disintegration time and other dissolution characteristics like percent dissolved in 5 min (PD5), dissolution efficiency in 5 min (DE5%) and first order rate constant(K1). The starch succinate prepared was found to be fine, free flowing crystalline powder. Starch succinate exhibited good swelling in water. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study indicated the absence of interaction between ibuprofen and starch succinate. All the fast dissolving tablets formulated employing starch succinate were of good quality with regard to drug content (200±2%), hardness (3.6–4.0 kg/sq. cm), and friability (0.12-0.15%). The optimised formulation F8 has the least disintegration time i.e., 15±0. 02s. The in–vitro wetting time was less (i.e., 15s) in optimized formulation F8. The water absorption ratio of the formulated tablets was found to be in the range of 31.4±0.01 to 68.0±0.04%. The cumulative drug dissolved in the optimized formulation F8 was found to be 99.81± 0.22% in 5 min. Starch succinate was found to be a superdisintegrant which enhanced the dissolution efficiency with the ibuprofen and hence it could be used in the formulation of fast dissolving tablets to bring immediate release of the contained drug within 5 minutes.
Keywords: Fast dissolving, Superdisintegrant, Starch succinate, Dissolution efficiency.
Pharmacognostical evaluation of Murraya roots
Authors: PAGARIYA ASHISH SHANTILAL 
Published: April 2019

Pharmacognostical evaluation is the first and foremost step to determine identity and assess the quality and purity of the crude drug. Murraya koenigii Spreng (Rutaceae), commonly known as Curry leaf plant or Mitha Neem in Hindi is a highly valued plant for its medicinal value and characteristic aroma. Leaves of the plants are extensively used as spice and condiment in India and other tropical countries.
Present research work includes study of macroscopic, microscopic study of the root include anatomy of the thin root, anatomy of the thick root and microscopy of the powdered root. Physiochemical studies were done by using WHO recommended parameters.
Photographs at different magnifications were taken with Nikon Labphot-2 microscopic unit.
These findings will be useful towards establishing pharmacognostical standards and preparation of monograph of the root of Murraya koenigii.
Fabrication and evaluation of selegiline HCl embedded transdermal film for management of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Bali Nikhil , Salve Pramod S 
Published: April 2019

Purpose: Selegiline HCl (SGN) is indicated for treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its mode of action involves inhibition of MAO-B enzyme. It shows extensive hepatic first-pass metabolism and low biological half-life of 1.2 -2 hours. It results in 10 % bioavailability on oral administration. To circumvent these problems, it was envisaged to develop transdermal film of selegiline HCl for management of PD.
Method: The transdermal film were developed using ethyl-vinyl acetate (EVA) as a film former. Dibutyl phthalate (DBT) and triethyl citrate (TEC) were used as plasticizers in concentrations 10 to 20 % of polymer weight. Oleic acid and linoleic acid were used as penetration enhancers in concentrations 0.5 to 2 %. Effect of concentration of plasticizers and penetration enhancers were investigated on ex-vivo skin permeation of SGN. The films were subjected to evaluation parameters like weight variation, thickness, drug content, skin irritancy and stability studies.
Results: The transdermal film containing 20 % w/w of TEC of polymer weight has resulted in smooth flexible film. Maximum drug diffusion in ex-vivo permeation was observed. The transdermal film containing 2 % w/w of linoleic acid has shown maximum dug diffusion in ex-vivo permeation studies.
Conclusion: SGN embedded transdermal films were successfully developed using EVA as a film former. TEC and linoleic acid has shown enhanced skin diffusion of drug as compared to DBT and oleic acid. Hence it is a promising approach for transdermal delivery of SGN.
Relation of R-Spondin 3 Gene expression android obesity and Susceptibility to Cardiovascular disease in Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State.
Authors: Alkinain Ashraf  M.A. , Abdelsalam Kamal Eldin Ahmed , Hassan Mutaz Ibrahim 
Published: April 2019

Background: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. A growing database of clinical evidence implicates intra-abdominal adiposity as a powerful driving force for elevated cardiometabolic risk. Addressing intra-abdominal adiposity should play a central role in future strategies aimed at improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with abdominal obesity and its associated cardiometabolic risk in Sudan. Several studies aimed to identify some factors controlling the size and function of different areas of fat. Our research is focusing on a particular gene called R-SPONDIN3,
Objectives: It is to find the amount of R-Spondin3 Gene expression in Abdominal obesity and Susceptibility to Cardiovascular disease in Sudanese Patients in Khartoum State
Material and methods: - The study was including 300 participants (156 males and 144 females) classified into three groups. The first group was including one hundred participants with abdominal obesity (obese), the second group was including one hundred participants already diagnosed with CVD entangled with obesity (Heart Group as positive control group), while the third group was include one hundred healthy lean volunteers (negative control group)
Results: - The findings of this study showed Conventional PCR results were significantly different (P <0.001) in Heart group subjects as compared to healthy controls and obese group. Among heart group mutation was detected in some subjects (19%) and the rest without mutation (81%) but in obese group no mutation was detected. Comparison between the different studied groups according to gene expression showed significant differences (P <0.001) mean value of gene expression in healthy group subjects was 1.0 ± 0.0, Obesity group was 2.44 ± 0.50 and heart group subjects was 4.54 ± 0.87 respectively.
Conclusion: The amount of R-SPONDIN3 gene expression among the obese and CVD patients is show up significant different and the amount of gene expressing among the CVD patients is higher than obese which is suggested that the amount of gene expressed in obese patients with heart disease more than obese patients without cardiovascular complications
O Combate aos Cartéis como Parte de um Novo Paradigma no Direito Internacional
Authors: Rott de Campos Velho Rafael 
Published: April 2019

Resumo: O escopo do presente estudo é abordar uma mudança paradigmática do Direito Internacional a partir da análise de um caso concreto. É fato que os Estados estão contando com um maior número de centros decisórios em sua estrutura administrativa, o que aumenta, consequentemente, o número de interlocutores na seara internacional. O presente trabalho empreende uma análise a partir do caso dos cartéis de vitaminas. O método de abordagem utilizado é o indutivo, partindo-se do estudo do referido caso, bem como da atuação International Competition Network (ICN), a fim de chegar a premissas teóricas, ao final, apresentadas. A pesquisa apontou que, no cenário contemporâneo, inobstante existam tratativas formais procurando a consecução de uma política concorrencial internacional, inclusive no âmbito da OMC, fato é que a cooperação direta entre autoridades antitrustes vem se demonstrando mais efetiva, tornando verdadeira a premissa de que a existência de redes de cooperação é uma realidade no mundo globalizado e interconectado. A importância do artigo revela-se a partir da atualidade do tema, considerando o cenário da globalização, bem como da aplicação de marcos teóricos, sustentados na policentralidade da administração pública e na fragmentação do Direito Internacional, ao Direito da Concorrência. Palavras-chave: Direito Internacional da Concorrência; Fragmentação do Direito Internacional; Cooperação Internacional; Cartéis das Vitaminas; International Competition Network. Abstract: The aim of this study is to analyze a new paradigm in international law, considering a specific case. It is a fact that states are relying on a greater number of decision-making centers in their administrative structure, increasing, thus, the number of governmental interlocutors in the internationals relations. This paper relies on an analysis of the vitamins cartels case. The research relies on the inductive method, starting from the study of the vitamins cartels, as well as the study of the International Competition Network (ICN), to achieve theoretical premises, presented in the paper’s end. The research showed that, in the contemporary world, even though there are formal negotiations seeking to achieve an international competition policy, including the WTO, the fact is that the direct cooperation between antitrust authorities has been demonstrating more effectiveness, making real the premise that cooperation networks are a reality in the globalized and interconnected world. The importance of this paper is showed by its actual theme, considering the globalization, as well as making an analysis of the international antitrust law, considering the public administration polycentricism and the fragmentation of international law. Keywords: International Antitrust Law; International Law Fragmentation; International Cooperation; Vitamins Cartel; International Competition Network.
A Teoria das Dimensões dos Direitos Fundamentais como Pressupostos à Consagração de Garantias Fundamentais: um Ensaio sobre o Acesso Efetivo à Justiça
Authors: Viana Paula Gigante 
Published: April 2019

Resumo: O estudo objetiva a demonstração da teoria das dimensões dos direitos fundamentais como pressuposto à consagração de garantias fundamentais processuais. Para atingir tal intento foi utilizado o método da revisão bibliográfica, notadamente da doutrina constitucional, bem como do estudo de casos trazidos a debate por autores que analisam o processo sob a ótica da Constituição. A relevância do assunto deve-se ao momento atual da ciência jurídica em que a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais é um escopo concreto. Constatou-se a necessidade de tornar eficiente e efetiva a prestação jurisdicional no Estado constitucional e de reconhecer as garantias processuais como direitos fundamentais. Em tal contexto, a eficácia irradiante, a filtragem constitucional e a multifuncionalidade dos direitos fundamentais são abordados. E as balizas teóricas do neoconstitucionalismo e do neoprocessualismo ou formalismo-valorativo são analisadas como pano de fundo das noções desenvolvidas. Assim, a verificação da evolução dos direitos fundamentais processuais, mormente do direito de ação (tutela jurisdicional efetiva) e do devido processo legal (processo justo), a partir da aceitação da teoria das dimensões dos direitos fundamentais, conduz à conclusão de que se caminha na direção de um acesso cada vez mais efetivo à justiça. Palavras-chave: Normas Jusfundamentais; Direito à Proteção; Direito Processual; Conformação do Procedimento; Devido Processo Legal. Abstract: The study aims at demonstrating the theory of dimensions of fundamental rights as an assumption to the recognition of fundamental procedural guarantees. In order to accomplish this intent the method of bibliographic review was used, notably the constitutional doctrine, as well as the study of cases brought into debate by authors who analyze the process under the eyes of the Constitution. The relevance of the subject is at the current moment of the juridical science in which the effectiveness of fundamental rights has turned into a concrete objective. It was verified the necessity to achieve an efficient and effective jurisdiction in the constitutional State and to recognize procedural guarantees as fundamental rights. In this context, the radiant effectiveness, the constitutional filtration and the multifunction of fundamental rights are approached. And the theoretical landmarks of neo-constitutionalism and neo-proceduralims are analyzed as a background for the notions developed. So the verification of the evolution of fundamental procedural rights, especially the right of action and the due process of law (fair trial), since the admission of the theory of dimensions of fundamental rights, conduce to the conclusion that heads toward the direction of a more effective judicial access. Key-words: Jus-Fundamental Norms; Right to Protection; Procedural Law; Procedure Adequacy; Due Process of Law.
The role of basic psychological needs in the perception of job insecurity
Authors: Knežević Jasmina , Krstić Tatjana 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether satisfied basic psychological needs reduce the perception of threat generated by job insecurity, defined as self-assessment of the availability of the working role to its performers in the foreseeable future. The study included 310 participants employed in 24 companies, who completed the Perception of Job Insecurity Scale and Need Satisfaction Scale. The hypotheses were tested with multiple regression analyses. The results point to the importance of two basic needs – Autonomy and Competence – as factors that reduce the level of perceived job insecurity. This study broadens the understanding of personality resources as factors that moderate the perception of job insecurity and confirms the self-determination theory in the organisational context. Satisfying the needs for autonomy and competence can serve as a basis for interventions aimed at strengthening resilience to stress in employees.
Antioxidants and selenocompounds inhibit 3,5-dimethylaminophenol toxicity to human urothelial cells
Authors: Erkekoglu Pinar , Chao Ming-Wei , Tseng Chia-Yi , Engelward Bevin P. , Kose Ozge , Kocer-Gumusel Belma , Wogan Gerald N. , Tannenbaum Steven R. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Exposure to alkyl anilines may lead to bladder cancer, which is the second most frequent cancer of the urogenital tract. 3,5-dimethylaniline is highly used in industry. Studies on its primary metabolite 3,5-dimethylaminophenol (3,5-DMAP) showed that this compound causes oxidative stress, changes antioxidant enzyme activities, and leads to death of different mammalian cells. However, there is no in vitro study to show the direct effects of 3,5-DMAP on human bladder and urothelial cells. Selenocompounds are suggested to decrease oxidative stress caused by some chemicals, and selenium supplementation was shown to reduce the risk of bladder cancer. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether selenocompounds organic selenomethionine (SM, 10 µmol/L) or inorganic sodium selenite (SS, 30 nmol/L) could reduce oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis in UROtsa cells exposed to 3,5-DMAP. 3,5-DMAP caused a dose-dependent increase in intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species, and its dose of 50 µmol/L caused lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and changes in antioxidant enzyme activities in different cellular fractions. The comet assay also showed single-strand DNA breaks induced by the 3,5-DMAP dose of 50 µmol/L, but no changes in double-strand DNA breaks. Apoptosis was also triggered. Both selenocompounds provided partial protection against the cellular toxicity of 3,5-DMAP. Low selenium status along with exposure to alkyl anilines can be a major factor in the development of bladder cancer. More mechanistic studies are needed to specify the role of selenium in bladder cancer.
Inspiratory muscle strength affects anaerobic endurance in professional athletes
Authors: Jurić Iva , Labor Slavica , Plavec Davor , Labor Marina 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
To the best of our knowledge, little is known about the role of respiratory muscle strength and endurance on athlete performance in anaerobic conditions of maximal exertion. The aim of this cross-sectional study was therefore to examine the association between the strength/endurance of inspiratory muscles in a group of 70 healthy male professional athletes (team sports) and their ventilatory and metabolic parameters at the anaerobic threshold (second ventilatory threshold; VT2) and beyond it at maximum load during the cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on a treadmill. Ventilatory parameters at VT2, at maximal effort, and their differences were tested for association with inspiratory muscle strength (PImax) and endurance (Tlim), measured as time to maintain inspiration at or above 80% of PImax. The difference in end-tidal oxygen tension (ΔPETO2) between VT2 and maximal effort was significantly associated with resting heart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (BP), PImax, and lean body mass (LBM) (r2=0.26, p=0.016; multivariate regression analysis). The difference in carbon dioxide output (ΔVCO2) was significantly associated with body mass index (BMI), resting HR, systolic BP, and PImax (r2=0.25, p=0.022; multivariate regression analysis). Our findings suggest that it is the inspiratory muscle strength and not endurance that affects the performance of professional athletes and that it should be tested and trained systematically.
Inhalation poisoning with palytoxin from aquarium coral: case description and safety advice
Authors: Schulz Michał , Łoś Aleksandra , Szabelak Aleksandra , Strachecka Aneta 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Palythoa spp. corals and some other marine organisms contain one of the most poisonous substances ever known – palytoxin (PTX). Due to their modest life requirements and ease of breeding, these corals are popular in home aquariums. Here we refer to a case of PTX poisoning of a middle-aged woman who inhaled poisonous vapours while brushing the corals from live rock and compare it with the available literature. As the case revealed that the symptoms of PTX poisoning are not specific and neither is treatment, our aim was to give a brief tabulated review of the symptoms that may indicate such poisoning. Cases of palytoxin poisoning have been reported worldwide, and severe ones (mostly due to ingestion of contaminated sea food) can end in death. As it appears, most (if not all) poisonings result from unawareness of the risk and reckless handling by aquarists. This is one of the first articles which provides some practical advice about the use of personal protection equipment, including gloves, masks, eyewear, and other clothing during any coral manipulation to minimise the risk. We also draw attention to the lack of marketing/trading regulations for dangerous coral species and/or regulations or instructions dealing with their removal and health protection.
The effects of occupational lead exposure on selected inflammatory biomarkers
Authors: Turksoy Vugar Ali , Tutkun Lutfiye , Iritas Servet Birgin , Gunduzoz Meside , Deniz Serdar 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
In exposure to toxic metals such as lead, determining lead and cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) is essential for early detection of diseases. The aim of this study was to develop an model for early detection of inflammation and onset of atherosclerosis in the absence of clinical findings in young workers, which could help physicians take timely an action and start treatment. This study included 49 metal workers exposed to lead occupationally and 50 unexposed administrative workers (controls) who underwent immunological analysis for cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and atherosclerosis markers (h-FABP and VCAM-1), toxicological analysis for lead, and routine biochemical analysis (ALT, AST, creatinine) at the Ankara Occupational and Environmental Diseases Hospital in 2017. Lead levels correlated with IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α (r=0.469, r=0.521 and r=0.279, respectively, p<0.01) but did not significantly affect h-FABP and VCAM-1 levels.
The role of physics in radioecology and radiotoxicology
Authors: Petrinec Branko , Šoštarić Marko , Babić Dinko 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This article gives an overview of physical concepts important for radioecology and radiotoxicology to help bridge a gap between non-physicists in these scientific disciplines and the intricate language of physics. Relying on description and only as much mathematics as necessary, we discuss concepts ranging from fundamental natural forces to applications of physical modelling in phenomenological studies. We first explain why some atomic nuclei are unstable and therefore transmute. Then we address interactions of ionising radiation with matter, which is the foundation of both radioecology and radiotoxicology. We continue with relevant naturally occurring and anthropogenic radionuclides and their properties, abundance in the environment, and toxicity for the humans and biota. Every radioecological or radiotoxicological assessment should take into account combined effects of the biological and physical half-lives of a radionuclide. We also outline the basic principles of physical modelling commonly used to study health effects of exposure to ionising radiation, as it is applicable to every source of radiation but what changes are statistical weighting factors, which depend on the type of radiation and exposed tissue. Typical exposure doses for stochastic and deterministic health effects are discussed, as well as controversies related to the linear no-threshold hypothesis at very low doses.
Left Derivable Maps at Non-Trivial Idempotents on Nest Algebras
Authors: Ghahramani Hoger , Sattari Saman 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Let Alg 𝒩 be a nest algebra associated with the nest 𝒩 on a (real or complex) Banach space 𝕏. Suppose that there exists a non-trivial idempotent P ∈ Alg 𝒩 with range P (𝕏) ∈ 𝒩, and δ : Alg 𝒩 → Alg 𝒩 is a continuous linear mapping (generalized) left derivable at P, i.e. δ (ab) = aδ (b) + bδ (a) (δ (ab) = aδ(b) + bδ(a) − baδ(I)) for any a, b ∈ Alg 𝒩 with ab = P, where I is the identity element of Alg 𝒩. We show that is a (generalized) Jordan left derivation. Moreover, in a strongly operator topology we characterize continuous linear maps on some nest algebras Alg 𝒩 with the property that δ (P ) = 2Pδ (P ) or δ (P ) = 2P δ (P ) − Pδ (I) for every idempotent P in Alg 𝒩.
Materials Science and Engineering – Some Aspects in Central and Eastern European (CEE) Countries
Authors: Gyulai József 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This introductory paper summarizes the characteristics of how “Science” and “Engineering” differ from each other, forming the interdisciplinary topic of Materials Science and Engineering (MS&E). It will be shown how microelectronics has developed from modern materials science, causing a change in paradigm, and how microelectronics has become the “mother” science of informatics, changing life on Earth. To prove the importance of materials, a table is shown summarizing how modern MS&E forms the basis of practically all industries. The situation and development state of MS&E in CEE countries - despite different levels of industrialization – have some characteristics in common, and the way to development might also have techniques in common.
We will also mention the knowledge base that CEE countries possessed during the period of political change, and the likely future that an elderly scientist foresees for the region with the help of young ambitious scientists.