bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional relationship between eating disorders and autoimmune diseases
Authors: Hedman Anna , Breithaupt Lauren , Hübel Christopher , Thornton Laura M. , Tillander Annika , Norring Claes , Birgegård Andreas , Larsson Henrik , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Sävendahl Lars , Almqvist Catarina , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundImmune system dysfunction may be associated with eating disorders (ED) and could have implications for detection, risk assessment, and treatment of both autoimmune diseases and EDs. However, questions regarding the nature of the relationship between these two disease entities remain. We evaluated the strength of associations for the bidirectional relationships between EDs and autoimmune diseases.MethodsIn this nationwide population‐based study, Swedish registers were linked to establish a cohort of more than 2.5 million individuals born in Sweden between January 1, 1979 and December 31, 2005 and followed up until December 2013. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to investigate: (a) subsequent risk of EDs in individuals with autoimmune diseases; and (b) subsequent risk of autoimmune diseases in individuals with EDs.ResultsWe observed a strong, bidirectional relationship between the two illness classes indicating that diagnosis in one illness class increased the risk of the other. In women, the diagnoses of autoimmune disease increased subsequent hazards of anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and other eating disorders (OED). Similarly, AN, BN, and OED increased subsequent hazards of autoimmune diseases.Gastrointestinal‐related autoimmune diseases such as, celiac disease and Crohn's disease showed a bidirectional relationship with AN and OED. Psoriasis showed a bidirectional relationship with OED. The previous occurence of type 1 diabetes increased the risk for AN, BN, and OED. In men, we did not observe a bidirectional pattern, but prior autoimmune arthritis increased the risk for OED.ConclusionsThe interactions between EDs and autoimmune diseases support the previously reported associations. The bidirectional risk pattern observed in women suggests either a shared mechanism or a third mediating variable contributing to the association of these illnesses.
Peripheral intravenous catheter difficulty – A clinical survey of registered nurse and critical care nurse performance
Authors: Engström Åsa , Forsberg Angelica 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the characteristics, problems and interventions associated with performing peripheral intravenous catheterisation in difficult situations when registered nurses need support from critical care nurses.BackgroundOnly a few studies have focused on peripheral intravenous catheterisation problems or interventions to promote success. There is limited research on the education, knowledge, confidence and skills of registered nurses associated with successful peripheral intravenous catheterisations.DesignA descriptive cross‐sectional survey design was used.ResultsA total of 101 questionnaires were completed by critical care nurses (n = 32) and 92 by registered nurses (n = 83); the total number of participants was 115. The same critical care nurses and registered nurses could participate several times on different occasions. Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics. The patterns differed in part between the registered nurses who needed support and the critical care nurses who provided the support. Both registered nurses and critical care nurses used ultrasound to a very low extent (2.2% vs. 1.0%). The registered nurses indicated to a significantly higher extent (p = 0.02) that the veins were invisible and that they had performed the optional interventions. The success rate for critical care nurses was considerably high (86.1%). The most common place for successful insertion was the wrist. Critical care nurses performed fewer interventions, and they informed the patients and assessed that the veins were fragile to a higher extent.ConclusionsSuperior nursing skills are required in order to adapt and assess specific situations related to peripheral intravenous catheterisation difficulties and to choose the adequate interventions. Young and newly graduated registered nurses should be offered individualised training during the post‐educational period on how to assess problems and perform peripheral intravenous catheterisations in specific difficult situations.Relevance to Clinical PracticeSimulation is suggested for practical training in order to increase patient safety related to the performance of technical skills such as peripheral intravenous catheterisation.
Flexural and Surface Properties of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with Thymoquinone as an Antifungal Agent
Authors: Gad Mohammed M. , Al‐Thobity Ahmad M. , Fouda Shaimaa M. , Näpänkangas Ritva , Raustia Aune 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of addition of different concentrations of thymoquinone (TQ) on the flexural strength, elastic modulus, surface roughness, and hardness of PMMA denture base material.Materials and MethodsA total of 160 rectangular specimens were prepared from heat‐polymerized acrylic resin, with dimensions of 65 × 10 × 2.5 mm3 for flexural strength testing and 10 × 20 × 3 mm3 for surface property testing. The specimens were divided into eight groups of 20 specimens: one control group without addition of TQ and seven test groups prepared by adding TQ to acrylic powder in concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 5 wt%. The polymer was added to the monomer before being mixed, packed, and processed using the conventional water bath method. A universal testing machine was used to measure flexural strength and elastic modulus. A profilometer and a Vickers hardness tester were used to measure surface roughness and hardness, respectively. One‐way ANOVA and the Tukey‐Kramer multiple‐comparison test were used for statistical analysis, with statistical significance at p ≤ 0.05.ResultsAddition of TQ to PMMA denture base material significantly decreased flexural strength and elastic modulus at high concentrations (p < 0.01), while no significant differences were observed at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) in comparison with the control group. At high TQ concentrations, surface roughness increased while hardness decreased (p < 0.0001), and no significant differences were observed at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) in comparison with the control group. The most favorable addition values were 0.5% and 1% TQ in all TQ groups.ConclusionsAddition of TQ did not affect the flexural and surface properties of PMMA denture base material at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) and could be incorporated into PMMA denture base material as an antifungal agent.
Induction of microvascular network growth in the mouse mesentery
Authors: Suarez‐Martinez Ariana D. , Peirce Shayn M. , Isakson Brant E. , Nice Matthew , Wang Jack , Lounsbury Karen M. , Scallan Joshua P. , Murfee Walter L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveMotivated by observations of mesenteries harvested from mice treated with tamoxifen dissolved in oil for inducible gene mutation studies, the objective of this study was to demonstrate that microvascular growth can be induced in the avascular mouse mesentery tissue.MethodsC57BL/6 mice were administered an IP injection for five consecutive days of: saline, sunflower oil, tamoxifen dissolved in sunflower oil, corn oil, or peanut oil.ResultsTwenty‐one days post‐injection, zero tissues from saline group contained branching microvascular networks. In contrast, all tissues from the three oils and tamoxifen groups contained vascular networks with arterioles, venules, and capillaries. Smooth muscle cells and pericytes were present in their expected locations and wrapping morphologies. Significant increases in vascularized tissue area and vascular density were observed when compared to saline group, but sunflower oil and tamoxifen group were not significantly different. Vascularized tissues also contained LYVE‐1‐positive and Prox1‐positive lymphatic networks, indicating that lymphangiogenesis was stimulated. When comparing the different oils, vascularized tissue area and vascular density of sunflower oil were significantly higher than corn and peanut oils.ConclusionsThese results provide novel evidence supporting that induction of microvascular network growth into the normally avascular mouse mesentery is possible.
Extensive surgical subcutaneous emphysema secondary to the use of a high‐speed dental handpiece: a case report and discussion
Authors: Hurst C. , Birnie A. , Rock B. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSurgical subcutaneous emphysema is known to be a potential complication of the use of high‐speed air‐driven dental drills (air turbines) and compressed air syringes. Often, however, we assume that it is just a theoretical risk to be taught to undergraduates that never actually happens in practice. Here, we present a case of extensive surgical subcutaneous emphysema secondary to tongue trauma from a high‐speed drill, extending far from the site of air entry.
The impact of dyspnea and threat of dyspnea on error processing
Authors: Sucec Josef , Herzog Michaela , Van Diest Ilse , Van den Bergh Omer , von Leupoldt Andreas 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDyspnea (breathlessness) is a threatening and aversive bodily sensation and a major symptom of various diseases. It has been suggested to impair several aspects of functioning in affected patients, but experimental proof for this assumption is widely absent. Error processing is an important domain of functioning and has intensively been studied using electrophysiological measures. Specifically, the error‐related negativity (ERN) has been suggested to reflect early performance monitoring and error detection, while the error positivity (Pe) has been linked to subsequent error awareness. So far, little is known about the effects of anticipated or perceived dyspnea on error processing. Therefore, in 49 healthy participants, we studied the effects of experimentally induced dyspnea and threat of dyspnea on the ERN/Pe and behavioral task performance. Participants performed the arrowhead version of the flanker task during three experimental conditions: an unloaded baseline condition, a dyspnea condition, and a threat of dyspnea condition. Dyspnea was induced by breathing through inspiratory resistive loads, while high‐density EEG was continuously measured. No differences in task performance (reaction times, error rates) and ERN mean amplitudes were found between conditions. However, mean amplitudes for the Pe differed between conditions with smaller Pe amplitudes during threat of dyspnea compared to baseline and dyspnea conditions, with the latter two conditions showing no difference. These results may suggest that threat of dyspnea, but not dyspnea itself, reduces error awareness, while both seem to have no impact on early error processing and related behavioral performance.
The Development of First‐Episode Direct Self‐Injurious Behavior and Association with Difficulties in Emotional Regulation in Adolescence
Authors: Palmer Colin , Connor Charlotte , Channa Sunita , Lavis Anna , Leung Newman , Parsons Nick , Birchwood Max 
Published: September 2018

ObjectiveSelf‐harm remains a serious public health concern; however, identifying adolescents at risk is challenging. While self‐harm has been linked with difficulties in emotional regulation postinjury, comparatively little is known about how such difficulties may impact on the future development of self‐harm behavior.MethodsA total of 318 pupils aged 14–15 years completed measures on history of direct self‐injurious behavior (D‐SIB), emotional regulation, depression, and anxiety at two time points across a six‐month period.ResultsOf 13% (42) of participants reported their first episode of D‐SIB over the six‐month period and reported increased difficulties with emotional regulation prior to initial D‐SIB. Regression analyses found significant associations for emotional regulation and specifically lack of emotional clarity prior to first episode of D‐SIB. Lack of emotional awareness and difficulties with impulse control was significantly associated in those with ongoing D‐SIB.ConclusionsPrior to first episode of D‐SIB, young people may experience difficulty regulating emotions, a difficulty which appears less pronounced following their engagement with D‐SIB. Our findings implicate difficulties in the early evaluation and understanding of emotions which may later impair attempts at emotion modulation and increase risk of D‐SIB. Such findings might help inform early identification of adolescents at risk of initial D‐SIB.
Organizational theory: From classical sociology to the 1970s
Authors: Haveman Heather A. , Wetts Rachel 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOrganizations are the fundamental building blocks of modern societies. So it is not surprising that they have always been at the center of sociological research, starting with Marx and Weber. And although Durkheim did not explicitly analyze organizations, his work has clear implications for the study of organizations. We review the insights of these three pioneering sociologists and then discuss ideas about organizations proposed by other scholars, from both management and sociology, from 1910 to the mid‐1970s. Marx, Weber, and Durkheim's theoretical frameworks were tools for understanding the transition to modernity. Marx and Weber saw organizations as sites of class struggle and rationalization, respectively, while Durkheim focused on social cohesion and collective sensemaking, both of which underpin organizations. Later theorists focused more closely on the meso‐level and micro‐level processes that happen within and between organizations. These later theorists emphasized pragmatic concerns of optimizing organizational efficiency and labor productivity (scientific management and human relations theories), processes of affiliation and hierarchy (Simmel), limits to rational decision‐making (the Carnegie School), and environmental conditions that shape organizational processes and outcomes (contingency theories). A companion paper describes the three perspectives (demographic, relational, and cultural) that have dominated sociological research on organizations since the mid‐1970s.
Ability emotional intelligence and children’s behaviour in the playground
Authors: Qualter Pamela , Urquijo Itziar , Henzi Peter , Barrett Louise , Humphrey Neil 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe explored whether emotion understanding promotes positive social functioning in childhood using the ability emotional intelligence (AEI) framework, which defines emotion understanding more broadly than is common in developmental science. The prospective study included children ages 9–11 years who completed a measure of AEI at the start of the school year, and whose playground interactions were observed for one full year. Findings showed that, among girls, low AEI was associated with higher levels of direct aggressive behaviour in the playground; boys and girls high or low in AEI were more likely than their peers to watch others during playground social interactions. Further, higher AEI was associated with indirect aggression in school, suggesting higher AEI during childhood may be associated with the developmental transition from direct to indirect forms of aggression. The implications of the findings for school practice in relation to the teaching of emotion understanding are discussed.
Results of noninvasive prenatal RHD testing in Gestation Week 25 are not affected by maternal body mass index
Authors: Jakobsen Marianne A. , Rosbach Hanne K. , Dellgren Christoffer , Yazer Mark , Sprogøe Ulrik 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDReliability of noninvasive prenatal RHD genotype test (NIP RHD) depends on having sufficient amounts of cell‐free fetal DNA (cffDNA) in the maternal plasma sample. The fraction of cffDNA in maternal plasma is inversely related to maternal body mass index (BMI), suggesting that high maternal BMI may limit the test's accuracy. This study determined the effect of maternal BMI on the accuracy of NIP RHD.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSResults from NIP RHD performed in Gestation Week 25 were correlated to maternal BMI in Week 12. The accuracy of NIP RHD result was determined by correlation with serologic RhD types of the neonates.RESULTSA total of 1618 pregnancies in 1588 D– women were included. Median BMI in these pregnancies was 24.2 (10%‐90%, 20.1‐32.4), and in 261 of 1618 (16%) pregnancies BMI was 30 or more (median BMI in this group was 33.6; 10th‐90th percentiles, 30.5‐41.1). NIP RHD was positive in 987 of 1618 (61%), negative in 582 of 1618 (36%), and inconclusive in 49 of 1618 (3.0%). Compared to the neonate's serologic RhD type, nine of 987 (0.9%) positive NIP RHD results were false positive, and four of 582 (0.7%) negative NIP RHD results were false negative (FN). In five of 49 (10%) inconclusive NIP RHD results, the neonatal RhD type was positive. There was no difference in median BMI between individuals who tested inconclusive or FN compared to those with true positive or true negative results (p = 0.80).CONCLUSIONThe accuracy of NIP RHD testing performed in Gestation Week 25 does not depend on maternal BMI in the 12th gestation week.
Neutropenia and monocytopenia in recurrent anaphylactoid reactions after red blood cell transfusions in a woman with immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency and anti‐IgA
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E. , Morin Pierre‐Aurèle , Heddle Nancy M. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDTransfusion‐associated anaphylaxis has been associated with anti‐immunoglobulin A (anti‐IgA) of IgG class in patients with IgA deficiency. In recent years, however, the frequency and clinical impact of this syndrome has been questioned. We present a case of recurrent red blood cell (RBC) transfusion–associated anaphylactoid reactions (rigors, hypertension, transient monocytopenia, and neutropenia) associated with anti‐IgA.CASE REPORTAn 88‐year‐old woman developed anemia after a traumatic right humerus fracture. After receiving approximately 100 mL of RBCs she developed rigors and hypertension; her absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts decreased by 73 and 100%, respectively. All symptoms and signs resolved, and her blood counts normalized. A second RBC transfusion was given, with recurrence of rigors, hypertension, neutropenia, and monocytopenia (69 and 100% declines, respectively), along with fever. All tests for hemolysis were negative. She then received two transfusions of washed RBCs, without incident. The patient was found to be deficient in IgA (<0.05 mg/dL). Further, anti‐IgA of IgG class antibodies were detected in high levels by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (>1000 U/mL).We reviewed case reports, case series, and reviews of IgA deficiency–associated reactions, examining whether hypertensive reactions and acute neutropenia and/or monocytopenia have been associated with anti‐IgA reactions.RESULTSReports of reactions associated with anti‐IgA emphasize hypotension and are generally classified as “anaphylactic or anaphylaxis.” No previous reports described neutropenia or monocytopenia.CONCLUSIONOur case suggests that adverse transfusion reactions associated with anti‐IgA of IgG class may sometimes be characterized by anaphylactoid features such as rigors and hypertension, with transient monocytopenia and neutropenia.
Successful treatment of severe refractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplant with abatacept
Authors: Hess Jennifer , Su Leon , Nizzi Frank , Beebe Kristen , Magee Kyrie , Salzberg Dana , Stahlecker Jennifer , Miller Holly K. , Adams Roberta H. , Ngwube Alexander 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUNDAfter hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a known and fairly common complication. It is often refractory to conventional therapies including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, splenectomy, and the more recently described use of monoclonal antibodies. The high morbidity associated with these severe persistent cases elucidates the gaps in alternative therapies available for treatment.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe described the successful use of abatacept for severe refractory AIHA after HSCT in three patients.RESULTSThree pediatric patients with refractory AIHA after allogeneic stem cell transplantation were observed to be unresponsive to multitude immunosuppressive therapies, resulting in persistent transfusion dependency. Treatment with abatacept, a fusion protein that inhibits T‐cell activation by binding to CD80/CD86 on antigen‐presenting cells (APCs), thus blocking the required CD28 interaction between APCs and T cells, resulted in the resolution of hemolysis.CONCLUSIONAbatacept may provide significant clinical benefit in the management of AIHA after HSCT.
Short survival time following palliative‐intent hypofractionated radiotherapy for non‐resectable canine thyroid carcinoma: A retrospective analysis of 20 dogs
Authors: Tsimbas Kathleen , Turek Michelle , Christensen Neil , Vail David M. , Forrest Lisa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractRadiotherapy is the treatment of choice for non‐resectable canine thyroid carcinoma. High tumor response rates and median survival times of 2 years or longer have been previously reported with conventionally fractionated and hypofractionated protocols, even in dogs with distant metastasis. The objective of this retrospective, descriptive, case series study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of dogs with thyroid carcinoma irradiated with palliative intent using hypofractionated radiotherapy at our institution. Medical records of 20 dogs treated between 1999 and 2014 were reviewed. All dogs had macroscopic primary tumors and presented with tumor‐related clinical signs. Median longest tumor diameter was 10 cm. Nineteen dogs (95%) had metastasis (7/19 lymph node; 16/19 distant metastasis). Most dogs were treated with four weekly fractions of 6.5–8 Gy. Radiotherapy was well tolerated in 17 dogs; three died of respiratory compromise before completing radiotherapy. Eleven dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy. Five dogs experienced a local tumor response including two complete and three partial responses. Overall median survival time was 170 days (range, 1–824 days; 95% CI: 58–392 days). Of potential variables examined (radiation delivery system and protocol, tumor size and location, vascular/lymphatic invasion, metastatic disease, chemotherapy, tumor response), only achievement of complete or partial response was predictive of overall survival. In contrast to previously reported cohorts, dogs with clinical signs and stage IV disease predominated in this study. Previous studies may over‐estimate survival following hypofractionated radiotherapy in dogs with advanced thyroid carcinoma.