bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D status in under five children in diverse communities of Karachi
Authors: Moorani Khemchand Netaram , Mustufa Muhammad Ayaz , Hasan Syed Furqan , Kubar Naseem 
Published: March 2019

Background & Objective: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) prevalence is very high in pediatric population in developing countries including Pakistan. VDD contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality among children under five years. Therefore, it is vital to study vitamin D levels in population for future interventions and disease control. Our objective was to determine 25(OH)D levels in children of one to 59 months of age in socio-economically diverse communities of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: The cross- sectional analytical survey was carried out over 6 months from January -June 2017. Following proportionate sampling technique four clusters were randomly selected from Korangi, Saddar, Sindhi para and Manzoor colony, Karachi. Blood samples for 25(OH)D and zinc levels were carried out using ELISA and colorimetry. VD level <20 ng/ml was defined as VDD and serum zinc <65ug/dl as low zinc levels. Data including area of residency, gender, ethnicity, parent’s education, family income, house status, duration of sun exposure and history of VD and zinc intake in last 3 months was collected from parents / care seekers on pretested and pre-coded semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version-20. Frequencies and percentages were computed for categorical variables like gender, type of malnutrition whereas mean with standard deviation was used for VD and zinc levels and vitamin D status was compared in three different residential categories according to nutritional status.
Results: Out of 120 children, 67 (56%) were boys and 53 (44%) girls. Mean VD level was 22.8±14.8 ng/ml. Around 60% (70) children were VD deficient, whereas 15 % (18) had insufficient 25(OH)D levels. VDD was more prevalent among low socio-economic group with no obvious difference in age category. Mean zinc level was 123.8±47.45 ug/dl and it was either normal or high (42%) rather than low. Malnutrition was observed in 65% children and majority (82%) of them were undernourished. Optimal sun exposure was reported in 24% children only.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent in our study population. Children of low socio-economic strata and with sub-optimal sun light exposure are at high risk of vitamin D deficiency. Unexpectedly, high zinc levels in majority of our children with low VD status needs further evidence to substantiate this inverse relation.
How to cite this:Moorani KN, Mustufa MA, Hasan SF, Kubar N. Vitamin D status in under five children in diverse communities of Karachi. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):414-419. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.680
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Aspirin in combination with clopidogrel in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Qi Lizhen , Liu Yongxuan 
Published: March 2019

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of aspirin combined with clopidogrel on acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).
Methods: One hundred thirty two patients with acute myocardial infarction who were admitted to the hospital between December 2016 and December 2017 were divided into a control group and an observation group according to random number table, 66 each group. Both groups were given emergency PCI and symptomatic treatment. The control group was given aspirin on the basis of conventional treatment before and after operation, while the observation group was given clopidogrel treatment on the basis of the treatment the same as the control group. The treatment lasted for 4 months. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was analyzed, and the cardiac function indicator, coagulation indicator and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared before and after treatment.
Results: There was no thrombosis at the infarct site in coronary angiography after treatment in both groups. The efficacy in the observation group and control group were 89.4% and 81.8%, respectively; there was no significant difference between the two groups. The incidence of re-thrombosis in the two groups was 1.5% and 12.1% respectively, which was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The cardiac function indicator of both groups improved after treatment, especially the observation group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin activity (PA) and platelet aggregation rate (PAR) in the two groups before treatment (P>0.05). There was also no significant difference in PT and PA before and after treatment (P>0.05). The APTT and PAR were significantly different after treatment (P<0.05), and the PAR of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was 7.58%, which was not significantly different with that of the control group (12.12%) (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Aspirin combined with clopidogrel can effectively reduce the occurrence of re-thrombosis after PCI and improve the recovery of cardiac function after acute operation, moreover the safety is high. It has important clinical application values.
How to cite this:Zhang X, Qi L, Liu Y. Aspirin in combination with clopidogrel in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(2):348-352. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.2.87
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Schooling an ensemble: The Forsythe Company’s Whole in the Head
Authors: Vass-Rhee Freya 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This embedded ethnographic study focuses on The Forsythe Company’s 2010 creation of Whole in the Head, the cast of which brought already-expert new dancers into collaboration with experienced ensemble veterans. The devising practice during the making of this ‘Schulwerk’ yielded teaching and learning opportunities to all of the participants, whilst the emergent and distributed opportunities afforded by the devising context scaffolded the ensemble’s development as a complicit, choreographically productive community informed by specific somatic approaches to movement generation. Moving among unexpected etymological linkages of the term skill across languages, the analysis shows how the devising process of this work enhanced crucial expert-specific skills across the full ensemble, inviting consideration of the nature of skill and its expansion within communities of experts.
The critical potential of somatic collectivity under post-Fordism
Authors: Colin Noyale 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The last decade of scholarship in dance has produced a number of literary contributions which account for the need to theorize the radical potential of dance as a site for political activism in the context of global social and economic crises. As a practitioner, teacher and theorist in dance and performance, working in a UK university, I am interested in exploring the potential of somatics to resist a seemingly utilitarian incorporation of somatic principles into the agenda of neo-liberalism under post-Fordist conditions. In this article, I refer to somatics as an umbrella term to discuss practices related to the dance field including protests, walks, flashmobs and choreographic explorations of performative participation. While these practices might not be widely recognized as somatic practices, I argue that all operate at a somatic level and point to an ever-shifting relationship between the individual, the collective and the social environment. I reflect on a number of theoretical ideas pertaining to the relations between the development of somatics and the intensification of cultural capitalism in contemporary western society. In doing so, I aim to theorize somatics as critical and political practices of collective forms of being and working together. Drawing on instances of collective embodiment, I argue for the politicization of somatic practices as it relates to ideas of affect, ethics and time. I suggest that embodied expressions of collectivity as politicized somatics can develop valid tactics to counter what I observe to be a mimetic phenomenon between dance practices and capitalism. I propose the concept of somatic collectivity as a way to describe the critical potential of collective embodiment found in dance and its expanded field of practices.
Reflections on the GYROKINESIS® Method: Interview with Juliu Horvath
Authors: Adams Marianne 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article explores the development of the GYROKINESIS® method, examines somatic principles related to the method and includes an interview with Juliu Horvath, its founder and creator. Topics within the interview include the concepts of sensing energetic flow, daily practice as means for sustainability and the role of playfulness and physical spirituality in bodywork. Woven within the interview are observations about the method from my background as a dance professor and experiential insights from participation in Gyrokinesis coursework with the founder. Pleasure in practice and my felt sense are documented through multidimensional sensory tracking. Perspectives include the descriptive experience of sensate flow and the perceptions that arise from teaching and learning within a living method. The article concludes with questions for further practice-based research in the Gyrokinesis method and suggests the need for further theoretical research in somatic sustainability.
The sourcing of Somatic Theatre Praxis: Breathing with a goat, contemplating 2000 turkeys and an unexpected interview
Authors: Jürgens Stephan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
In this article the notion of ‘Somatic Theatre Praxis’ (suggested by theatre director and scholar Teresa Izzard) is used as an umbrella term to describe recent tendencies in the contemporary performing arts to employ somatic practices at all stages of work – training, rehearsal, dramaturgy and performance. The main topic under scrutiny – the sourcing of Somatic Theatre Praxis – particularizes the process of designing a novel somatic experience for the actor, which materializes dramaturgical questions and vision as much as it shapes the somatic practices subsequently introduced and employed during all phases of the creative process. As a case study on sourcing Somatic Theatre Praxis, this article presents my artistic collaboration with Portuguese theatre director João Brites on the production of The Divine Comedy – Inferno (2017). In the context of the fields of performance theory and embodied cognition I discuss examples of documented studio work to show how somatic practices informed specific acting and composition techniques used by Brites in the framework of his ‘Consciousness of the Actor on the Scene’ (CAC) system. The article concludes by drawing on contrasting conceptions of new dramaturgies in the performing arts to arrive at a tentative theoretical contextualization of the work created by João Brites and his theatre company Teatro O Bando.
Book Reviews
Authors: Cisneros Rosemary E. Kostic , Weil Sharon 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Isadora Duncan in the 21st Century – Capturing the Art and Spirit of the Dancer’s Legacy
Andrea Mantell Seidel (2016), North Carolina: McFarland and Company Inc., Publishers, 272pp., ISBN 978-0-78647-795-1, Ebook; ISBN 978-1-47662-369-6, p/bk, $29.95
Infinite Waves of Health and Creativity: A Virtual Somatic Summit
An ongoing series of live and recorded interviews with somatic experts Somaticsummit.com
Measuring Humans against Gods: on the Digression of Plato’s Theaetetus
Authors: Larsen Jens Kristian 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The digression of Plato’s Theaetetus (172c2–177c2) is as celebrated as it is controversial. A particularly knotty question has been what status we should ascribe to the ideal of philosophy it presents, an ideal centered on the conception that true virtue consists in assimilating oneself as much as possible to god. For the ideal may seem difficult to reconcile with a Socratic conception of philosophy, and several scholars have accordingly suggested that it should be read as ironic and directed only at the dramatic character Theodorus. When interpreted with due attention to its dramatic context, however, the digression reveals that the ideal of godlikeness, while being directed at Theodorus, is essentially Socratic. The function of the passage is to introduce a contemplative aspect of the life of philosophy into the dialogue that contrasts radically with the political-practical orientation characteristic of Protagoras, an aspect Socrates is able to isolate as such precisely because he is conversing with the mathematician Theodorus.
“An Erring Conscience is an Absurdity”: The Later Kant on Certainty, Moral Judgment and the Infallibility of Conscience
Authors: Knappik Franz , Mayr Erasmus 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article explores Kant’s view, found in several passages in his late writings on moral philosophy, that the verdicts of conscience are infallible. We argue that Kant’s infallibility claim must be seen in the context of a major shift in Kant’s views on conscience that took place around 1790 and that has not yet been sufficiently appreciated in the literature. This shift led Kant to treat conscience as an exclusively second-order capacity which does not directly evaluate actions, but one’s first-order moral judgments and deliberation. On the basis of this novel interpretation, we develop a new defence of Kant’s infallibility claim that draws on Kant’s account of the characteristic features of specificallymoraljudgments.
The Metaphysics of Recollection in Plato’sMeno
Authors: Schwab Whitney 
Published: March 2019

AbstractRecollection is central to the epistemology of Plato’sMeno. After all, the character Socrates claims that recollection is the process whereby embodied human souls bind down true opinions (doxai) and acquire knowledge (epistêmê). This paper examines the exchange between Socrates and Meno’s slave to determine (1) what steps on the path to acquiring knowledge are part of the process of recollection and (2) what is required for a subject to count as having recollected something. I argue that the key to answering these questions is to get clear on the kind of process recollection is supposed to be. In particular, I argue that recollection is a process akin to the kind of process Aristotle calls “changes” (kinêseisor incompleteenergeiai). The key feature of such processes is that they aim at an end beyond themselves and are not complete until that end comes about. In the case of recollection, the end is knowledge, but inferior mental states, such as false opinion, puzzlement (aporia), and true opinion can come about because of a process of recollection without making it the case that the subject has recollected anything. I argue that this interpretation provides a textually supported and philosophically coherent understanding of Socrates’ conception of recollection.
Simple modules over the Lie algebras of divergence zero vector fields on a torus
Authors: Dubsky Brendan Frisk , Guo Xiangqian , Yao Yufeng , Zhao Kaiming 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Let

n
≥
2

{n\geq 2}

be an integer,

𝕊
n

{\mathbb{S}_{n}}

the Lie algebra of divergence zero vector fields on an n-dimensional torus, and

𝒦
n

{\mathcal{K}_{n}}

the Weyl algebra over the Laurent polynomial algebra

A
n

=

ℂ
⁢

[

x
1

±
1

,

x
2

±
1

,
…
,

x
n

±
1

]

{A_{n}=\mathbb{C}[x_{1}^{\pm 1},x_{2}^{\pm 1},\dots,x_{n}^{\pm 1}]}

. For any

𝔰
⁢

𝔩
n

{\mathfrak{sl}_{n}}

-module V and any module P over

𝒦
n

{\mathcal{K}_{n}}

, we define an

𝕊
n

{\mathbb{S}_{n}}

-module structure on the tensor product

P
⊗
V

{P\otimes V}

. In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions for the

𝕊
n

{\mathbb{S}_{n}}

-modules

P
⊗
V

{P\otimes V}

to be simple are given, and an isomorphism criterion for nonminuscule

𝕊
n

{\mathbb{S}_{n}}

-modules is provided. More precisely, all nonminuscule

𝕊
n

{\mathbb{S}_{n}}

-modules are simple, and pairwise nonisomorphic. For minuscule

𝕊
n

{\mathbb{S}_{n}}

-modules, minimal and maximal submodules are concretely determined.
Growth hormone deficiency in children with antenatal Bartter syndrome
Authors: Spector-Cohen Inna , Koren Ariel , Sakran Waheeb , Tenenbaum-Rakover Yardena , Halevy Rephael 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundBartter syndrome is a group of rare autosomal-recessive renal disorders characterized by hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis associated with severe growth failure; the exact causes for growth retardation are unclear. GH deficiency (GHD) has been reported in a few cases of Bartter syndrome. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of GHD in children with antenatal Bartter syndrome and to assess their response to GH therapy.MethodsTen patients aged 1.5–14.5 years and diagnosed with antenatal Bartter syndrome were enrolled. Seven children with short stature underwent GH stimulation tests.ResultsCommon presenting symptoms were failure to thrive and polyuria. The mean patient height at study entry was −2.7 standard deviation (SD) (range 0.89 to −5.95) and mean weight (SD) was −1.7 (range 1.89 to −4.11). A decline in height and weight (SD) was observed over the years. GHD was diagnosed in four children and GH therapy was started in all of them. Two patients responded very well and gained >1 SD in height, one patient stopped therapy due to non-adherence and one had a poor response.ConclusionsIn addition to other important causes for poor growth in antenatal Bartter syndrome, our findings suggest that GHD should also be considered as a cause of growth retardation and therefore, clinical assessment of the GH axis is recommended. GH therapy has a role in the treatment of growth failure in some individuals with Bartter syndrome.
An exploratory study into social and healthcare variables of maternal mortality: a case-control study
Authors: Nosratabadi Mehdi , Amini Rarani Mostafa , Shahidi Shahla , Rahimi Nadia 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Regarding the important role the mothers’ health plays in shaping nations’ well-being, this study endeavored to explore the main social and healthcare factors related to maternal mortality.

Methods
In this case-control study, data (viz., all maternal mortalities) were gathered from the national maternal mortality surveillance system. Likewise, control data (viz., alive mothers) were obtained from mother health records in 22 health centers located in 21 cities of Isfahan, Iran. The data were related to the years 2001–2016. Case and control groups were matched according to year of delivery, mother’s age at delivery time and city of residence.

Results
Analysis of the gathered data revealed that during the years 2001–2016, 171 maternal mortalities occurred in Isfahan. In view of that, 523 mothers were selected as the control group. Most of the mothers attended high school (36%), were housewives (64%), delivered by cesarean section (59%) and suffered from different kinds of proximate medical causes (55%). The logistic regression results showed that being an immigrant, having a history of proximate medical cause, vaginal delivery and illiteracy raised the odds ratios (ORs) of maternal mortality up to 5.87, 4.41, 2.28 and 1.84 times, respectively. In contrast, using public antenatal care and planned pregnancy have had a protective, significant effect on maternal mortality (ORs <1).

Conclusion
The results suggested that in addition to social factors including immigrant status and low level of education which led to the increase of maternal mortality, healthcare factors including proximate medical causes, delivery method and antenatal care seem to be essential in tackling the issue of maternal mortality.
Quantum dot plasmonics: from weak to strong coupling
Authors: Bitton Ora , Gupta Satyendra Nath , Haran Gilad 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
The complementary optical properties of surface plasmon excitations of metal nanostructures and long-lived excitations of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) make them excellent candidates for studies of optical coupling at the nanoscale level. Plasmonic devices confine light to nanometer-sized regions of space, which turns them into effective cavities for quantum emitters. QDs possess large oscillator strengths and high photostability, making them useful for studies down to the single-particle level. Depending on structure and energy scales, QD excitons and surface plasmons (SPs) can couple either weakly or strongly, resulting in different unique optical properties. While in the weak coupling regime plasmonic cavities (PCs) mostly enhance the radiative rate of an emitter, in the strong coupling regime the energy level of the two systems mix together, forming coupled matter-light states. The interaction of QD excitons with PCs has been widely investigated experimentally as well as theoretically, with an eye on potential applications ranging from sensing to quantum information technology. In this review we provide a comprehensive introduction to this exciting field of current research, and an overview of studies of QD-plasmon systems in the weak and strong coupling regimes.
Kinetische Theorie der Viskosität amorpher Stoffe
Authors: Kochendörfer Albert 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Ausgehend von der Annahme, die begründet wird, daß ein Körper im viskosen Zustand Körper gegenüber den kurzzeitigen statistischen Elementarvorgängen des Fließeng eine Schubelastizität von derselben Größenordnung wie im festen Zustand besitzt, wird auf der Grundlage der Theorie der Plastizität der Kristalle eine Theorie der Viskosität der amorphen Stoffe entwickelt. Sie führt auf eine Beziehung für log Y) , die außer der Temperatur und dem Schubmodul nur allgemeine Molekülkonstanten enthält. Sie ergibt, wie am Beispiel eines Glases mit bekanntem Schubmodul gezeigt wird, die Viskosität und ihren Temperaturverlauf in guter Übereinstimmung mit der Erfahrung wieder. Bei Metallschmelzen, deren Schubmodul nicht bekannt ist, ergibt sich unter Benutzung der Meßwerte der Aktivierungsenergie ebenfalls gute Übereinstimmung mit der Erfahrung. Die Bedeutung dieser rein kinetischen Theorie gegenüber den bisherigen Theorien, die stets ein phänomenologisches Zwischenglied enthalten, wird diskutiert