bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of vesical pressure values achieved by Valsalva maneuvers: A standardization proposal
Authors: Pereira‐Correia João A. , Rosa Livia P. L. , da Silva Costa Vinícius R. , Berle Fabiola V. D. , Werneck Barbara M. , dos Santos Karolina P. R. , de Sousa Araujo Gustavo B. , de Carvalho Bittencourt Sodré Maria J. , de Fassio Rubina L. R. , Muller Valter J. F. 
Published: March 2018

AimsTo perform a comparative evaluation of Valsalva maneuver techniques, in an attempt to identify the most suitable one for achieving leak point pressure (LPP) during the cystometric phase of the urodynamic study (UDS), in order to propose a method for technical standardization.MethodsUrodynamic data from women with stress urinary incontinence at three urogynecological medical centers were randomly selected and prospectively analyzed. Valsalva maneuver was executed through forceful attempted exhalation against the dorsal surface of the hand (Group 1), through abdominal strain (Group 2), or through low‐elasticity latex balloon‐blowing (Group 3). Patients were classified based on age and higher vesical pressure value, as well as time to perform Valsalva maneuver.ResultsInitially, 1358 urodynamic studies were identified as eligible for analysis. Among these, 340 belonged to Group 1, 318 to Group 2, and 700 to Group 3. Valsalva maneuver accomplished through abdominal straining was more effective, inducing increased vesical pressure, across age groups. The same maneuver may be sustained for longer than the other two techniques.ConclusionWhen performed through abdominal strain, the Valsalva maneuver was more effective for stress urinary incontinence urodynamic‘s investigation.
Optimal solvers for linear systems with fractional powers of sparse SPD matrices
Authors: Harizanov S. , Lazarov R. , Margenov S. , Marinov P. , Vutov Y. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryIn this paper, we consider efficient algorithms for solving the algebraic equation
, 0<α<1, where
is a properly scaled symmetric and positive definite matrix obtained from finite difference or finite element approximations of second‐order elliptic problems in
, d=1,2,3. This solution is then written as
with
with β positive integer. The approximate solution method we propose and study is based on the best uniform rational approximation of the function tβ−α for 0<t≤1 and on the assumption that one has at hand an efficient method (e.g., multigrid, multilevel, or other fast algorithms) for solving equations such as
, c≥0. The provided numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Distributed attitude synchronization control for multiple flexible spacecraft without modal variable measurement
Authors: Wang Qishao , Duan Zhisheng , Lv Yuezu 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis paper solves the attitude synchronization and tracking problem for a group of flexible spacecraft without flexible‐mode variable measurement. The spacecraft formation is studied in a leader‐following synchronization scheme with a dynamic virtual leader. With the application of adaptive sliding‐mode control technique, a distributed modified Rodriguez parameters‐based dynamic controller is proposed for flexible spacecraft without requiring modal variable measurement. It is proved that the attitude synchronization and tracking can be achieved asymptotically under the control strategy through the Lyapunov's stability analysis. Furthermore, a distributed robust continuous control algorithm is designed to guarantee the ultimate boundedness of both the attitude tracking error and the modal variable observation error when bounded external disturbances exist. Some numerical simulation examples for multiple flexible spacecraft formation are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Managing Couple Conflict During Prenatal Counseling Sessions: An Investigation of Genetic Counselor Experiences and Perceptions
Authors: Schoeffel Kara , McCarthy Veach Patricia , Rubin Karol , LeRoy Bonnie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractResearch shows couple conflict occurring during prenatal genetic counseling sessions may be challenging for some genetic counselors. Yet, no study has explored couple conflict in depth. The current study investigated genetic counselors’ experiences and perceptions of the nature and context of couple conflict in prenatal sessions and counselor conflict management strategies. Sixteen prenatal genetic counselors recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselors participated in semi‐structured phone interviews asking about how they recognize couple conflict; topics that trigger conflict and when it occurs; individual, cultural, and situational factors associated with conflict; conflict management strategies; and specific examples from their practice. Inductive and cross‐case comparison methods revealed a number of themes. Genetic counselors recognize couple conflict through non‐verbal and verbal cues, and conflict can occur at any time, particularly during decision‐making about testing and test results and during results review of an affected pregnancy. Factors associated with conflict include cultural customs, age, emotional state, religious beliefs, and being forced to attend counseling. Participants identified 23 conflict management strategies classified into five themes: facilitate decision‐making, encourage couple expression, act within one's scope of practice, provide psychosocial support, and support the identified patient. Counselors emphasized that their strategies are couple dependent. Patients may benefit from genetic counselors assessing couple conflict and intervening when it impedes genetic counseling goals. Clinical examples from this study may contribute to informing genetic counselor practice, program curricula, and continuing education workshops.
Non-Invasive Multimodality Imaging Directly Shows TRPM4 Inhibition Ameliorates Stroke Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Chen Bo , Ng Gandi , Gao Yahui , Low See Wee , Sandanaraj Edwin , Ramasamy Boominathan , Sekar Sakthivel , Bhakoo Kishore , Soong Tuck Wah , Nilius Bernd , Tang Carol , Robins Edward G. , Goggi Julian , Liao Ping 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel has been suggested to play a key role in the treatment of ischemic stroke. However, in vivo evaluation of TRPM4 channel, in particular by direct channel suppression, is lacking. In this study, we used multimodal imaging to assess edema formation and quantify the amount of metabolically functional brain salvaged after a rat model of stroke reperfusion. TRPM4 upregulation in endothelium emerges as early as 2 h post-stroke induction. Expression of TRPM4 channel was suppressed directly in vivo by treatment with siRNA; scrambled siRNA was used as a control. T2-weighted MRI suggests that TRPM4 inhibition successfully reduces edema by 30% and concomitantly salvages functionally active brain, measured by 18F-FDG-PET. These in vivo imaging results correlate well with post-mortem 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining which exhibits a 34.9% reduction in infarct volume after siRNA treatment. Furthermore, in a permanent stroke model, large areas of brain tissue displayed both edema and significant reductions in metabolic activity which was not shown in transient models with or without TRPM4 inhibition, indicating that tissue salvaged by TRPM4 inhibition during stroke reperfusion may survive. Evans Blue extravasation and hemoglobin quantification in the ipsilateral hemisphere were greatly reduced, suggesting that TRPM4 inhibition can improve BBB integrity after ischemic stroke reperfusion. Our results support the use of TRPM4 blocker for early stroke reperfusion.
A Second Look at the Process of Occupational Feminization and Pay Reduction in Occupations
Authors: Mandel Hadas 
Published: March 2018

AbstractUsing the IPUMS-USA data for the years 1960–2015, this study examines trends in the effect of occupational feminization on occupational pay in the U.S. labor market and explores some of the mechanisms underlying these trends. The findings show that the (negative) association between occupational feminization and occupational pay level has declined, becoming insignificent in 2015. This trend, however, is reversed after education is controlled for at the individual as well as the occupational level. The two opposite trends are discussed in light of the twofold effect of education: (1) the entry of women into occupations requiring high education, and (2) the growing returns to education and to occupations with higher educational requirements. These two processes have concealed the deterioration in occupational pay following feminization. The findings underscore the significance of structural forms of gender inequality in general, and occupational devaluation in particular.
Tort Law and Judicial Risk Regulation: Bipolar and Multipolar Risk Reasoning in Light of Tort Law’s Regulatory Effects
Authors: DE JONG Elbert R 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlthough judicial decisions in tort law primarily determine the (correlative) responsibilities and liabilities of the proceeding parties, they also have regulatory effects on non-litigants. In this contribution, these regulatory consequences of tort law will be analysed in light of a court’s quest when it decides a tort claim involving (uncertain) risks. It will be argued that decisions in tort law about uncertain risks involve the possible occurrence of a false positive (eg accepting liability for a non-existing risk) and a false negative (eg denying liability for a real risk). False positives and false negatives have adverse consequences for the parties to the proceedings but, bearing in mind the regulatory effects of tort adjudication, potentially also for non-litigants. While courts might want to avoid both, scientific uncertainties and complexities make it difficult for them to assess to what extent there is a chance of either a false positive or a false negative occurring. Therefore, they necessarily need to determine which party bears the risk of the involved errors. In addition, the question arises whether courts should also take the potential regulatory consequences of their rulings into account and, if yes, how? To that purpose, they can employ a bipolar reasoning style and a multipolar reasoning style. Although tort law is about determining the applicable rights and obligations between the plaintiff and defendant (bipolar reasoning), in light of the regulatory implications of tort law and developments in several tort systems, the relevance of considerations transcending this bipolar relationship (multipolar reasoning) is increasing. However, the possibilities for courts to engage in multipolar reasoning are restrained by the bipolar nature of tort law which gives rise to information and specialism deficits. This will be illustrated by referring to issues in relation to setting the standard of care and examining causation.
Effects of the finite particle size in turbulent wall-bounded flows of dense suspensions
Authors: Costa Pedro , Picano Francesco , Brandt Luca , Breugem Wim-Paul 
Published: March 2018

We use interface-resolved numerical simulations to study finite-size effects in turbulent channel flow of neutrally buoyant spheres. Two cases with particle sizes differing by a factor of two, at the same solid volume fraction of 20 % and bulk Reynolds number are considered. These are complemented with two reference single-phase flows: the unladen case, and the flow of a Newtonian fluid with the effective suspension viscosity of the same mixture in the laminar regime. As recently highlighted in Costa et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 117, 2016, 134501), a particle–wall layer is responsible for deviations of the mesoscale-averaged statistics from what is observed in the continuum limit where the suspension is modelled as a Newtonian fluid with (higher) effective viscosity. Here we investigate in detail the fluid and particle dynamics inside this layer and in the bulk. In the particle–wall layer, the near-wall inhomogeneity has an influence on the suspension microstructure over a distance proportional to the particle size. In this layer, particles have a significant (apparent) slip velocity that is reflected in the distribution of wall shear stresses. This is characterized by extreme events (both much higher and much lower than the mean). Based on these observations we provide a scaling for the particle-to-fluid apparent slip velocity as a function of the flow parameters. We also extend the scaling laws in Costa et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 117, 2016, 134501) to second-order Eulerian statistics in the homogeneous suspension region away from the wall. The results show that finite-size effects in the bulk of the channel become important for larger particles, while negligible for lower-order statistics and smaller particles. Finally, we study the particle dynamics along the wall-normal direction. Our results suggest that single-point dispersion is dominated by particle–turbulence (and not particle–particle) interactions, while differences in two-point dispersion and collisional dynamics are consistent with a picture of shear-driven interactions.
Middle Devonian parathuramminid and earlandiid foraminifers from shallow marine carbonates of the Carnic Alps (Austria)
Authors: Vachard Daniel , Krainer Karl , Mörtl Alexander 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Devonian of the Carnic Alps (Austria) is developed in different facies. The shallow marine facies is up to 1200 m thick. The Feldkogel Limestone of the Polinik Formation, >330 m thick, was dated as Eifelian–Late Devonian. The Feldkogel Limestone at Mount Polinik is developed in a peritidal facies composed of subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal deposits. Subtidal sediments are represented by dark grayAmphiporalimestone and intertidal deposits by laminated and partly bioturbated grainstone and packstone, ostracode wackestone to packstone, and locally intercalated intraclast breccias documenting tidal channel fills. Laminated microbial mats (stromatolites) formed in a supratidal depositional environment. Grainstone and packstone contain abundant unilocular parathuramminid foraminifers. This latter group encompasses a diversified assemblage of ivanovellids, parathuramminids, uralinellids, and irregularinoids; some earlandiids are also present. They are dated herein as late Eifelian–early Givetian. These foraminifers provide a more precise systematics of these taxa, which often have not been studied for more than half a century. The taxonomic problems of their assignment to foraminifers, pseudo-foraminifers, calcitarcha, thaumatoporellaceans, volvocaleans, or other algae are also discussed. Several taxa are emendated: Parathuramminida, Parathuramminoidea, Irregularinoidea, Eovolutinidae, Ivanovellidae, Parathuramminidae, Uralinellidae,Ivanovella,Elenella,Neoarchaesphaera,Parathurammina,Bykovaella,Uralinella, andParacaligella. The new taxa are:Ivanovella reitlingeraen. sp.,Elenella polinikensisn. sp.,Uralinella sabirovin. sp., andRadiosphaerella poyarkovin. sp.
Prevalence, intensity and spatial co-distribution of schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths infections in Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwole Akinola S. , Adeniran Adebiyi A. , Mogaji Hammed O. , Olabinke Dorcas B. , Abe Eniola M. , Bankole Samuel O. , Sam-Wobo Sammy O. , Ekpo Uwem F. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA cross-sectional survey was carried out in primary schools to determine prevalence, intensity and spatial co-distribution of Schistosomiasis and soil transmitted helminths (STH) infections in Ogun State, Nigeria. A total of 2148 pupils from 42 schools were examined forSchistosomaand STH infections from urine and fresh fecal samples respectively. Ethyl ether concentration method prepared in sodium acetate – acetic acid – formalin ether was used to concentrate parasites’ ova before microscopic examination. The overall prevalence of schistosomiasis and STH infections were 4.0% (95% CI = 3.21–4.92) and 34.64% (95% CI = 32.62–36.69) respectively.Schistosoma haematobiumandAscaris lumbricoideswere the most prevalent across the study area among theSchistosomaand STH species respectively. Overall, intensity of infection was higher in males than in females for allSchistosomaand STH infections, but with no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05), except forTrichuris trichiura(χ2 = 6.490,P &lt; 0.05). Infection intensity was significantly inversely correlated (χ2 = 12.953,P &lt; 0.05) with an increase in age group. Co-distribution ofSchistosomaand STH infections occurred in 15 (35.7%) out of 42 schools, and only 30 children (1.4%) had co-infection ofSchistosomaand STH. This study provides information on the prevalence and spatial risk of schistosomiasis and STH in Ogun State. This will serve as decision-support tool for Ogun State programme managers to help facilitate integration of schistosomiasis and STH control.
QUANTIFICATIONAL CUES MODULATE THE PROCESSING OF ENGLISH SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT BY NATIVE CHINESE SPEAKERS
Authors: Armstrong Andrew , Bulkes Nyssa , Tanner Darren 
Published: March 2018

AbstractNumerous studies have demonstrated that native Mandarin speakers have pervasive difficulties processing L2 English agreement morphology. However, less is known about the lexical and morphological cues that may modulate Mandarin speakers’ sensitivity to English number agreement. To investigate this, we examined subject-verb agreement processing in English by L1 Mandarin participants using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and focused on the use of quantificational cues to noun number and their interaction with agreement morphology on the verb. Previous work in English monolinguals has shown that agreement violations elicited larger P600s when preceded by a plurally quantified subject noun phrase (NP) compared to an unquantified NP. In the present study, Mandarin speakers were tested on the same quantified and unquantified sentences (e.g.,Most/The cookiestaste/*tastes…) as in the prior work. Like the L1 English speakers, ERPs time-locked to the verb showed a reliable P600 in response to agreement violations. However, the P600 in Mandarin speakers was larger for ungrammatical verbs withunquantified subjects, a contrast with English monolinguals. First, these results demonstrate that L2 agreement violations can elicit qualitatively similar neural responses in L1 Mandarin speakers as in English monolinguals (P600 effects), a finding that is to our knowledge novel. Second, quantification modulated the P600 in the L2 speakers in a qualitatively different way than in natives. Overall, these findings suggest stronger reliance on lexical versus morphological cues to number in Mandarin speakers, and that this impacts anticipation of subsequent grammatical features.
Maternal depression in the intergenerational transmission of childhood maltreatment and its sequelae: Testing postpartum effects in a longitudinal birth cohort
Authors: Choi Karmel W. , Houts Renate , Arseneault Louise , Pariante Carmine , Sikkema Kathleen J. , Moffitt Terrie E. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMothers who have experienced childhood maltreatment are more likely to have children also exposed to maltreatment, a phenomenon known as intergenerational transmission. Factors in the perinatal period may contribute uniquely to this transmission, but timing effects have not been ascertained. Using structural equation modeling with 1,016 mothers and their 2,032 children in the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, we tested the mediating role of postpartum depression between maternal childhood maltreatment and a cascade of negative child outcomes, specifically child exposure to maltreatment, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms: (a) adjusting for later maternal depression, (b) comparing across sex differences, and (c) examining the relative role of maltreatment subtypes. Mothers who had been maltreated as children, especially those who had experienced emotional or sexual abuse, were at increased risk for postpartum depression. In turn, postpartum depression predicted children’s exposure to maltreatment, followed by emotional and behavioral problems. Indirect effects from maternal childhood maltreatment to child outcomes were robust across child sex and supported significant mediation through postpartum depression; however, this appeared to be carried by mothers’ depression beyond the postpartum period. Identifying and treating postpartum depression, and preventing its recurrence, may help interrupt the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment and its sequelae.
Gain enhancement of UWB antenna using partially reflective surface
Authors: Prajapati Pravin R. , Khant Shailesh B. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper proposes, a high gain, Fabry Perot cavity antenna with coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed ultra wide band (UWB) radiating element. The proposed antenna has flat edge arrow shape-based radiating element, which act as a main radiating element and responsible for UWB radiation. This UWB microstrip antenna is parasitically coupled with an array of square parasitic patches (PPs), which act as partially reflective surface. The square patches are fabricated at the bottom of inexpensive FR4 substrate and suspended in the air with the help of dielectric rods at 1.5λ0 height. High gain is obtained by resonating PPs at near close frequencies of 3.8–8.8 GHz UWB, where partially reflective surface gives almost positive reflection phase gradients. Two laboratory prototypes of antenna, one with and another without partially reflective surface are fabricated and tested. Details of the proposed antenna design and role of partially reflective surface in gain enhancement of planar CPW fed UWB antenna are described, and typical experimental results are presented and discussed.
Non-ideal theory of constitutional adjudication
Authors: MANN RONI 
Published: March 2018

Abstract:When a constitutional court faces opposition from other branches of government or significant segments of the public, should it always hold fast to what it considers constitutionally right, even where this would potentially harm its status and perceived legitimacy? Or are constitutional compromises sometimes justified? Such ‘institutionally hard’ cases – those characterised by a sharp tension between constitutional principle and institutional prudence – pose a true dilemma for constitutionalism. This article advances a realistic, yet principled, liberal-constitutional approach to this dilemma, put forth in the vein of Rawlsian non-ideal theory. It addresses a troubling gap between, on the one hand, theidealisingdiscourse of constitutional theory – which overlooks or downplays the actual social and political pressures that courts must confront – and, on the other, a growing political science literature which, in the name of ‘realism’, views judges solely as strategic actors, leaving no role for principled reasoning. What has stepped into the gap in normative theory is a vague notion of ‘judicial statesmanship’, which praises or criticises judges post hoc, on an intuitive basis, without any tangible prescriptive bite. Developing evaluative and prescriptive guidelines for institutionally-hard cases, a non-ideal theory of constitutional adjudication should construct principles thatbothreinforce the commitment to ideal constitutional principle,andproperly situate constitutional courts within the real – contingent and often very non-ideal – social and political contexts in which they operate.