bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From negative reactivity to empathic responding: Infants high in negative reactivity express more empathy later in development, with the help of regulation
Authors: Abramson Lior , Paz Yael , Knafo‐Noam Ariel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEmpathy has great effect on human well‐being, promoting healthy relationships and social competence. Although it is increasingly acknowledged that infants show empathy toward others, individual differences in infants’ empathy from the first year of life have rarely been investigated longitudinally. Here we examined how negative reactivity and regulation, two temperament traits that predict empathic responses in older children and adults, relate to infants’ empathy. Infants were studied at the ages of nine (N = 275) and 18 (N = 301) months (194 infants were studied at both ages). Empathic responses were assessed by infants’ observed reactions to an experimenter's simulated distress. Negative reactivity (fear, sadness, and distress to limitations) and regulation (soothability and effortful control) were assessed by parental reports. Negative reactivity was also examined by infants’ observed reactions to an adult stranger (fear) and during interaction with their mothers (displays of sadness/distress). When examined cross‐sectionally, infants’ fear and distress to limitations associated with self‐distress in response to others’ distress. In contrast, when examined longitudinally, early sadness and distress to limitations, but not fear, associated with later empathic concern and inquisitiveness. Moreover, this longitudinal relation was moderated by infants’ soothability and was evident only for children that had high soothability by the later time‐point. Our findings suggest that infants who at an earlier age show negative reactivity, react later in development with more empathy if they achieve sufficient regulation abilities. By that, the findings stress the developmental nature of temperament–empathy relations during infancy.
Growth and recruitment dynamics of young‐of‐year northern pike: Implications for habitat conservation and management
Authors: Oele Daniel L. , Gaeta Jereme W. , Rypel Andrew L. , McIntyre Peter B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMaximising growth during the months after hatching is critical for fishes to surpass predator gape limits, make ontogenetic shifts in diet and increase overwinter survival. Constraints on growth during early life stages can have population and community‐level implications, yet are rarely addressed by habitat restoration or fishery management efforts. To assess environmental controls on larval growth rates, we sampled adult and young‐of‐year (YOY) northern pike (Esox lucius) emigrating from spawning grounds in six tributaries of Lake Michigan. We found that YOY growth rates differed significantly among natal streams, in parallel with variation in hatch date and water temperatures. Within each stream, individual growth rates were positively associated with trophic position, as measured by nitrogen isotope enrichment and gut contents. Earlier hatching individuals also grew faster, but the strength of this relationship varied with warming water temperatures (i.e., 21–27°C). Ageing of adult spawners indicated no differences among streams in average growth rates later in life. Our findings suggest that restoration efforts should replicate ecological conditions found in habitats producing large numbers of fast‐growing YOY. Key habitat attributes include adequate water level throughout the spring spawning season, and stable, warm water temperature conditions. Providing these environments during early life history could enhance the robustness of northern pike populations by boosting fitness from hatching to emigration to adult habitats.
Using Diagnostic Profiles to Describe Borderline Performance in Standard Setting
Authors: Skaggs Gary , Hein Serge F. , Wilkins Jesse L. M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn test‐centered standard‐setting methods, borderline performance can be represented by many different profiles of strengths and weaknesses. As a result, asking panelists to estimate item or test performance for a hypothetical group study of borderline examinees, or a typical borderline examinee, may be an extremely difficult task and one that can lead to questionable results in setting cut scores. In this study, data collected from a previous standard‐setting study are used to deduce panelists’ conceptions of profiles of borderline performance. These profiles are then used to predict cut scores on a test of algebra readiness. The results indicate that these profiles can predict a very wide range of cut scores both within and between panelists. Modifications are proposed to existing training procedures for test‐centered methods that can account for the variation in borderline profiles.
No latency to dentate granule cell epileptogenesis in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis
Authors: Bumanglag Argyle V. , Sloviter Robert S. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveTo determine when spontaneous granule cell epileptiform discharges first occur after hippocampal injury, and to identify the postinjury “latent” period as either a “silent” gestational state of epileptogenesis or a subtle epileptic state in gradual transition to a more obvious epileptic state.MethodsNonconvulsive status epilepticus evoked by perforant path stimulation in urethane‐sedated rats produced selective and extensive hippocampal injury and a “latent” period that preceded the onset of the first clinically obvious epileptic seizures. Continuous granule cell layer depth recording and video monitoring assessed the time course of granule cell hyperexcitability and the onset/offset times of spontaneous epileptiform discharges and behavioral seizures.ResultsOne day postinjury, granule cells in awake rats were hyperexcitable to afferent input, and continuously generated spontaneous population spikes. During the ~2‐4 week “latent” period, granule cell epileptiform discharges lasting ~30 seconds caused subtle focal seizures characterized by immobilization and facial automatisms that were undetected by behavioral assessment alone but identified post hoc. Granule cell layer epileptiform discharge duration eventually tripled, which caused the first clinically obvious seizure, ending the “latent” period. Behavioral seizure duration was linked tightly to spontaneous granule cell layer events. Granule cell epileptiform discharges preceded all behavioral seizure onsets, and clonic behaviors ended abruptly within seconds of the termination of each granule cell epileptiform discharge. Noninjurious hippocampal excitation produced no evidence of granule cell hyperexcitability or epileptogenesis.SignificanceThe latent period in this model is a subtle epileptic state in transition to a more clinically obvious epileptic state, not a seizure‐free “gestational” state when an unidentified epileptogenic mechanism gradually develops. Based on the onset/offset times of electrographic and behavioral events, granule cell behavior may be the prime determinant of seizure onset, phenotype, duration, and offset in this model of hippocampal‐onset epilepsy. Extensive hippocampal neuron loss could be the primary epileptogenic mechanism.
Expression of proton‐sensing G‐protein‐coupled receptors in selected skin tumors
Authors: Nassios Anaïs , Wallner Susanne , Haferkamp Sebastian , Klingelhöffer Christoph , Brochhausen Christoph , Schreml Stephan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn humans, there are four known proton‐sensing G‐Protein‐coupled receptors (pH‐GPCRs): GPR4 (GPR19), TDAG8 (GPR65, T‐cell death‐associated gene 8), OGR1 (GPR68, ovarian cancer GPCR1) and G2A (GPR132, G2 accumulation protein). They are known to be involved in sensing changes of extracellular proton concentrations in the acidic microenvironment of tumors, which leads to altered cell proliferation, migration, metastasis, immune cell function and inflammation. However, little is known about the expression of pH‐GPCRs in the skin and especially skin cancers.AimWe studied the expression of pH‐GPCRs in selected skin cancers, that is Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) and pleomorphic dermal sarcoma (PDS).MethodsWe did immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to analyse the expression of GPR4, TDAG8, OGR1 and G2A using paraffin‐embedded tissue samples (n = 4, exceptions: PDS GPR4/GPR65 n = 5, AFX GPR132 n = 3) from patients suffering from MCC, DFSP, AFX and PDS.Results(a) GPR4 was expressed on all AFX and PDS specimens. All AFX and MCC showed a positive expression of G2A. All PDS exhibited a strong positive expression of G2A. (b) MCCs neither expressed GPR4 nor TDAG8. All DFSP showed no expression of TDAG8. (c) For any other combination of GPCR and skin disease, we found positive/negative mixed results.ConclusionsThese are the first results on pH‐GPCRs in selected skin cancers. We provide evidence that these GPCRs are differentially expressed on the various types of skin cancers and that they can potentially be addressed as a therapeutic target in extensive disease.
Niacinamide and 12‐hydroxystearic acid prevented benzo(a)pyrene and squalene peroxides induced hyperpigmentation in skin equivalent
Authors: Mi Tingyan , Dong Yiying , Santhanam Uma , Huang Nan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSkin surface is constantly exposed to environmental and secreted stressors such as UV, air pollution and peroxidized sebum. The current study aims to use reconstructed human skin equivalents to demonstrate topical stressor‐induced hyperpigmentation and evaluate bioactives’ potential protective effect. Given that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are representative airborne particle‐bound organic compounds with known relevance to pigmentation pathways, benzo(a)pyrene was selected as surrogate environmental toxin. On the other hand, squalene monohydroperoxides are well‐characterized sebum peroxidation product under UV and pollutant exposure, thus are used as another representative skin stressor. With 3‐day continuous exposure, 30 pmol/cm2 of benzo(a)pyrene and 3.4 nmol/cm2 of squalene monohydroperoxides induced significant viability loss, inflammatory response, and approximately 10 shades of pigmentation increase in pigmented living skin equivalents. At the same time, pretreatment and co‐treatment with 12‐hydroxystearic acid (12‐HSA, 20 μmol/L) or niacinamide (5 mmol/L) ameliorated such stressor‐induced consequences. Niacinamide was particularly effective against benzo(a)pyrene damage, probably as a substrate for important NAD+ dependent detoxification pathways, while 12‐HSA was potent against squalene monohydroperoxides through barrier enhancing, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐oxidative mechanisms. In summary, topical stressor‐induced hyperpigmentation was achieved in vitro, with known bioactives showing protective benefits.
Divergent trends in the risk of spring frost damage to trees in Europe with recent warming
Authors: Ma Qianqian , Huang Jian‐Guo , Hänninen Heikki , Berninger Frank 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFrost events during the active growth period of plants can cause extensive frost damage with tremendous economic losses and dramatic ecological consequences. A common assumption is that climate warming may bring along a reduction in the frequency and severity of frost damage to vegetation. On the other hand, it has been argued that rising temperature in late winter and early spring might trigger the so called “false spring”, that is, early onset of growth that is followed by cold spells, resulting in increased frost damage. By combining daily gridded climate data and 1,489 k in situ phenological observations of 27 tree species from 5,565 phenological observation sites in Europe, we show here that temporal changes in the risk of spring frost damage with recent warming vary largely depending on the species and geographical locations. Species whose phenology was especially sensitive to climate warming tended to have increased risk of frost damage. Geographically, compared with continental areas, maritime and coastal areas in Europe were more exposed to increasing occurrence of frost and these late spring frosts were getting more severe in the maritime and coastal areas. Our results suggest that even though temperatures will be elevated in the future, some phenologically responsive species and many populations of a given species will paradoxically experience more frost damage in the future warming climate. More attention should be paid to the increased frost damage in responsive species and populations in maritime areas when developing strategies to mitigate the potential negative impacts of climate change on ecosystems in the near future.
Stevia prevents experimental cirrhosis by reducing hepatic myofibroblasts and modulating molecular profibrotic pathways
Authors: Ramos‐Tovar Erika , Buendia‐Montaño Laura D. , Galindo‐Gómez Silvia , Hernández‐Aquino Erika , Tsutsumi Víctor , Muriel Pablo 
Published: October 2018

AimThe aims of the present study were to investigate the capacity of stevia leaves to prevent experimental cirrhosis induced by chronic administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats and to explore the action mechanism involved.MethodsLiver cirrhosis was established by CCl4 treatment (400 mg/kg i.p. three times a week for 12 weeks); stevia powder was administered (100 mg/kg by gavage daily) during the CCl4 treatment. Serum markers of liver damage and hydroxyproline were evaluated and histopathological analyses were carried out. The profibrotic pathways were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry.ResultsWe found for the first time that stevia cotreatment prevented the elevation of serum markers of necrosis and cholestasis and the occurrence of liver fibrosis. It is worth noting that stevia downregulated several profibrogenic pathways, including the reduction of hepatic myofibroblasts and decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP13 expression, thereby blocking the liberation of transforming growth factor‐β from the extracellular matrix. Notably, stevia reduced the phosphorylation of pSmad3L, the most profibrogenic and mitogenic Smad, by inhibiting the activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase. Interestingly, Smad7, an important antifibrotic molecule, was upregulated by stevia treatment in cirrhotic rats. These multitarget mechanisms led to the prevention of experimental cirrhosis.ConclusionsBecause stevia possesses a reasonable safety profile, our results indicate that it could be useful in the clinical setting to treat chronic liver diseases.
Clean laundry with pure conscience—A study on laundry practices among Finnish consumers
Authors: Miilunpalo Satu‐Marja , Räisänen Riikka 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe previous study concerning laundry practices in Finland was published 16 years ago. Since that time, many pro‐environmental debates have been going on and sustainable actions have been implemented in many areas of individual lives and households. The purpose of this study is to investigate the textile laundering practices of Finnish consumers and their attitudes toward clothing care procedures. This study discusses how laundry habits could be developed into a more sustainable direction. The data for this research were gathered through an online enquiry that consisted of structured multiple‐choice questions. The data were obtained from 1,841 persons of whom 97.5% were women (n = 1,795). The data were analyzed by statistical means using the SPSS program. The data show that, despite media attention and debate about textile care procedures, there still are factors in laundering that burden the environment. From a sustainability point of view, some improvements exist when comparing to the situation 16 years ago, but washing machines still are seldom filled to their full capacity and consumers, being unaware of water hardness, administer excessive amounts of detergent. The current life situations of the household members seem to be major factors influencing laundry habits and sustainable actions. Especially, young people and families with children would benefit from information and instructions on laundry practices. Topics could contain knowledge about water hardness and proper dosing of detergent, filling the washing machine, washing temperatures, drying methods, and saving energy. Furthermore, general promotion of gender equality is important because household work and laundering is strikingly women‐performed work.
The impact of fermentation at elevated temperature on quality attributes and biogenic amines formation of low‐salt fermented fish
Authors: Xu Yanshun , He Lina , Xia Wenshui , Jiang Qixing , Yang Fang , Gao Pei , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2018

SummaryTo accelerate fermentation and improve quality of fermented fish, the impact of fermentation at elevated temperature on physicochemical, microbiological and flavour characteristics, as well as biogenic amines (BAs) accumulation of low‐salt fermented fish was investigated. Results showed that increasing temperature at later stage significantly promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria, retarded the reduction of yeast and increased the titratable acidity, while staphylococci and enterobacteriaceae were inhibited to higher extent when fermented at elevated temperature. BAs contents in samples fermented at 30 °C during later stage were lower than those in the group fermented at 25 °C for 28 days, and the lowest values were observed in the sample initially fermented at 25 °C for 10 days followed by fermentation at 30 °C for 18 days. Furthermore, fermentation at elevated temperature at later stage favoured the formation of desired volatile flavour compounds. Results suggested that fermentation at elevated temperature at later stage could reduce BAs accumulation and enhance quality attributes of low‐salt fermented fish.
Does Poverty Among Immigrants Adapt to Country of Residence? Turks in Germany and Denmark
Authors: Caner Asena , Pedersen Peder J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe use data on Turkish immigrants in two European welfare states, Denmark and Germany, and data on Turks at home. Unlike in most studies of immigrant poverty, we thus control for the differences in immigrant composition. Denmark and Germany have different welfare state types, labour market structure and institutions. We find that in both countries Turkish immigrants have much higher poverty rates than natives. We perform Fairlie decompositions to find that in Denmark, compared to Germany, a larger part of the native‐immigrant poverty difference is explained by market valuation of characteristics and by unobservables. Finally, we decompose poverty by subgroups and find that certain immigrant subgroups (such as families with children and the elderly) are especially vulnerable in both countries and that not much has changed in the two countries between 2008 and 2013 in terms of the vulnerability of these sub‐groups to poverty risk.
Ethical norms and issues in crowdsourcing practices: A Habermasian analysis
Authors: Schlagwein Daniel , Cecez‐Kecmanovic Dubravka , Hanckel Benjamin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCrowdsourcing practices have generated much discussion on their ethics and fairness, yet these topics have received little scholarly investigation. Some have criticized crowdsourcing for worker exploitation and for undermining workplace regulations. Others have lauded crowdsourcing for enabling workers' autonomy and allowing disadvantaged people to access previously unreachable job markets. In this paper, we examine the ethics in crowdsourcing practices by focusing on three questions: (a) What ethical issues exist in crowdsourcing practices? (b) are ethical norms emerging or are issues emerging that require ethical norms? and, more generally, (c) how can the ethics of crowdsourcing practices be established? We answer these questions by engaging with Jürgen Habermas' discourse ethics theory to interpret findings from a longitudinal field study (from 2013 to 2016) involving key crowdsourcing participants (workers, platform organizers, and requesters) of three crowdsourcing communities. Grounded in this empirical study, we identify ethical concerns and discuss the ones for which ethical norms have emerged as well as others which remain unresolved and problematic in crowdsourcing practices. Furthermore, we provide normative considerations of how ethical concerns can be identified, discussed, and resolved based on the principles of discourse ethics.
Effect of MnO2on the dielectric properties of Nb‐doped BaTiO3‐(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3ceramics for X9RMLCCapplications
Authors: Chen Lingling , Wang Hongxian , Zhao Peiyao , Shen Zhengbo , Zhu Chaoqiong , Cen Zhenyong , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMnO2and Nb2O5co‐doped 0.9BaTiO3‐0.1(Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3powders with excellent dielectric properties were fabricated using a conventional solid‐state reaction method and sand milling. The doping effects of various amounts of MnO2on the dielectric properties were investigated. The results revealed that the dielectric properties greatly depended on the concentration of MnO2. All the ceramics met the X9R specification. The dielectric loss decreased with an increasing concentration of MnO2. The specimen with an appropriate amount of 0.2 mol% MnO2exhibited the most enhanced properties: high insulation resistance (2.49 × 1013 Ω/cm) and improved degradation properties. Multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) chips were prepared by tape casting using a 0.2 mol% Mn‐doped 9010BTBNT‐based ceramic powder. The capacitance of theMLCCchip was approximately 100 nF, and the dielectric loss was approximately 1.75% at room temperature. The high‐temperature accelerated lifetime was over 1000 hours under 250 V (five times the working voltage) and at 230°C, indicating that theMLCCchips possess superior reliability.
Co2P2O7–Ni2P2O7 solid solutions: Structural characterization and color
Authors: Tena Ma Ángeles , Mendoza Rafael , Trobajo Camino , García José R. , García‐Granda Santiago 
Published: October 2018

AbstractNH4[Co1−yNiyPO4]·H2O (0 ≤ y ≤ 1) single crystals were fired to prepare Co2−xNixP2O7 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 solid solutions between 800 and 1200°C. The structure of these solid solutions is α‐M2P2O7 (M = Co, Ni). The contraction of the unit cell with increasing x confirmed the formation of these solid solutions. The UV–vis–NIR spectra of these solid solutions were consistent with Co(II) and Ni(II) ions in the two different crystallographic sites (octahedral site and square pyramidal site) in the α‐M2P2O7 structure. Due to their thermal stability, Co2−xNixP2O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) solid solutions with α‐M2P2O7 structure can be used as a blue, green, brown or yellow ceramic pigment.
Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles as heating agents for hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Hassanzadeh‐Tabrizi Sayed A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn the present work, Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanopowders were prepared by a sol‐gel combustion method. The magnetic properties, heat generation ability in an AC magnetic field and cytotoxicity of the mixed ferrite nanopowders were investigated. The results showed that the powders have crystalline spinel structure with a particle size in the range of 20‐90 nm. Maximum saturation magnetization (Ms) of 51 emu/g was obtained for the Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles calcined at 900°C. The results showed that, the coercivity (Hc) of the Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 initially increases up to 700°C and then decreases with increasing temperature, whereas the Ms of the samples continuously increases. The Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 sample exhibited a temperature increase up to 45°C during 10 minutes in the exposure of magnetic field of 200 Oe. By increasing the viscosity of ferrofluid, the heat generation ability of nanoparticles reduced up to 9% at magnetic field of 200 Oe. Cell compatibility of the ferrite powders was studied by MTT assay using MG63 cell line proliferation. MTT results showed that calcination temperature of the Mg0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles significantly affects the cell compatibility.