bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Futsal task constraints promote transfer of passing skill to soccer task constraints
Authors: Oppici Luca , Panchuk Derek , Serpiello Fabio Rubens , Farrow Damian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study investigated how learning a passing skill with futsal or soccer task constraints influenced transfer to a new task. Futsal (n = 24, 13.6 ± 1.2 years old, 7.0 ± 1.6 years of experience) and soccer (n = 24, 13.6 ± 1.2 years old, 6.8 ± 1.2 years of experience) players performed two 5v5 + goalkeeper modified games – a futsal‐like task (small playing area with the futsal ball) and soccer‐like task (large playing area with the soccer ball). Participants’ passing accuracy and their orientation of attention were assessed during the two tasks. The futsal group improved their passing accuracy (ES = 0.75 ± 0.61) from the futsal‐like to the soccer‐like task, and they were more accurate than soccer players (ES = 2.98 ± 2.96). Conversely, the soccer group's passing accuracy remained stable across the two tasks (ES = 0.10 ± 0.52) and it was similar to the futsal group in the futsal‐like task (ES = 0.58 ± 1.93). This indicates a higher magnitude of transfer (and adaptability) from performing passes in a small playing area with short time to act – futsal task constraints – to a larger playing area with longer time – soccer task constraints – than vice‐versa. Furthermore, the futsal group showed a higher adaptation of attention orientation to the affordances that emerged with the soccer task constraints, which is suggested to be one of the main mechanisms promoting skill transfer. These results encourage soccer practitioners to introduce futsal task constraints to fast‐track players’ ability to functionally adapt perception–action coupling.
The athletes’ visuomotor system – Cortical processes contributing to faster visuomotor reactions
Authors: Hülsdünker Thorben , Strüder Heiko K. , Mierau Andreas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMany sports require athletes to rapidly transform visual information into a targeted motor response, a process referred to as visuomotor reaction. On the behavioural level, athletes have long been established to achieve faster simple visuomotor reaction times when compared to non‐athletes. However, although the superior performance in athletes has been attributed to the central nervous system, the underlying neural mechanisms remained poorly studied. More recently, a growing number of neurophysiological and neuroimaging studies systematically addressed the functional and structural modulations in the athletes’ visual and motor systems as well as their contribution to visuomotor performance. This article reviews current research on structural and functional characteristics of the athletes’ cortical visuomotor system associated with simple visuomotor reactions, sports‐specific visuomotor performance and visuomotor training. The primary objective is to shed light on the neural mechanisms potentially contributing to superior visuomotor reaction performance in athletes participating in visuomotor demanding disciplines. A more comprehensive understanding of performance‐determining neural functions could provide great potential for diagnostics and training to improve athletic performance.
Greater fatigability in knee‐flexors vs. knee‐extensors after a standardized fatiguing protocol
Authors: Coratella Giuseppe , Grosprêtre Sidney , Gimenez Philippe , Mourot Laurent 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of a standardized fatiguing protocol on central and peripheral fatigue in knee‐flexors and knee‐extensors. Thirteen healthy men (age: 23 ± 3 years; height: 1.78 ± 0.09 m; body‐mass: 73.6 ± 9.2 kg) volunteered for the present study. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), Electromyography (EMG) activity, voluntary activation level (VAL) as an index of central fatigue and twitch potentiation as an index of peripheral fatigue were measured before and after the fatiguing protocol. The fatiguing protocol consisted of a 0.6 duty‐cycle to exhaustion (6 s isometric contraction, 4 s recovery) at 70% MVC. After the fatiguing protocol, MVC decreased in both (Effect‐size (ES) = 1.14) and knee‐extensors (ES = 1.14), and EMG activity increased in both knee‐flexors (ES = 2.33) and knee‐extensors (ES = 1.54). Decreases in VAL occurred in knee‐flexors (ES = 0.92) but not in knee‐extensors (ES = 0.04). Decreases in potentiation occurred in both knee‐flexors (ES = 0.84) and knee‐extensors (ES = 0.58). The greater central occurrence of fatigue in knee‐flexors than in knee‐extensors may depend on the different muscle morphology and coupled with a greater tolerance to fatigue in knee‐extensors. The present data add further insight to the complicated knee‐flexors‐to‐knee‐extensors strength relationship and the mechanisms behind the different occurrence of fatigue.
Cyclic nucleotide signaling in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: an expanding repertoire
Authors: Johnson Richard M , McDonough Kathleen A 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful microbial pathogens, and currently infects over a quarter of the world's population. Mtb's success depends on the ability of the bacterium to sense and respond to dynamic and hostile environments within the host, including the ability to regulate bacterial metabolism and interactions with the host immune system. One of the ways Mtb senses and responds to conditions it faces during infection is through the concerted action of multiple cyclic nucleotide signaling pathways. This review will describe how Mtb uses cyclic AMP, cyclic di-AMP and cyclic di-GMP to regulate important physiological processes, and how these signaling pathways can be exploited for the development of novel thereapeutics and vaccines.
In vitro Safety and Efficacy of Lavender Essential Oil (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) as an Insecticide Against Houseflies (Diptera: Muscidae) and Blowflies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Cossetin Luciana F , Santi Eduarda Maria T , Cossetin Jocelene F , Dillmann Janaína B , Baldissera Matheus D , Garlet Quelen I , de Souza Tiago P , Loebens Luiza , Heinzmann Berta M , Machado Michel M , Monteiro Silvia G 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Essential oils are considered an alternative for replacement of conventional insecticides that have provoked an increasing number of resistant species and damages to health. The objective of this work was to investigate the insecticidal activity of Lavandula dentata L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) oil against the species Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and Chrysomya albiceps Wiedemann (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Extraction of the essential oil from the aerial parts of the plant was carried out using hydro-distillation. Its principal compounds (1,8-cineol, camphor, and linalool oxide) were identified. Insecticidal activity was determined by evaluating adulticidal effect using topical application methods and exposure to impregnated paper; larvicidal effect was determined using immersion method. The essential oil presented toxicity in M. domestica and C. albiceps adults; the lethal concentration values (LC50) in the superficial application method were respectively 3.13 ± 0.64 and 1.39 ± 0.19% live weight (l/v). Toxicity was also found in the oil impregnated paper exposure test; the LC50 results for M. domestica and C. albiceps were respectively 4.15 ± 0.64 and 5.14 ± 0.81%. Larvicidal effect was observed on third stage M. domestica larvae when exposed to an oil concentration of 2.5% (m/v). In addition, the oil was evaluated for cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, and genotoxicity in human cells, and the in vitro safety of this oil in human cells was verified. Thus, L. dentata oil presented insecticidal activity in M. domestica and C. albiceps and can be used as an alternative for control of these dipterans.
Cerebral Oximetry for Detecting High-mortality Risk Patients with Cryptococcal Meningitis
Authors: Diehl John W , Hullsiek Katherine H , Okirwoth Michael , Stephens Nicole , Abassi Mahsa , Rhein Joshua , Meya David B , Boulware David R , Musubire Abdu K ,   ASTRO-CM Trial Team, Mpoza Edward , Kiggundu Reuben , Tugume Lillian , Ssebambulidde Kenneth , Akampurira Andrew , Kirumira Paul , Williams Darlisha A , Ndyetukira Jane Francis , Ahimbisibwe Cynthia , Kugonza Florence , Namuju Carolyne , Sadiq Alisat , Kandole Tadeo Kiiza , Luggya Tony , Kaboggoza Julian , Laker Eva , Namudde Alice , Lofgren Sarah , Kwizera Richard , Nielsen Kirsten , Stadelman Anna , Bangdiwala Ananta S 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Background
Cryptococcus is the commonest cause of adult meningitis in Africa, with 50%–70% experiencing increased intracranial pressure. Cerebral oximetry is a noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy technology to monitor percent regional cerebral tissue oxygenation (rSO2). We assessed if cerebral oximetry predicts meningitis mortality.

Methods
We performed cerebral oximetry within 14 days of cryptococcal meningitis diagnosis on 121 Ugandans from April 2016 to September 2017. We evaluated baseline rSO2 association with mortality by multivariable logistic regression and correlation with other clinical factors. We compared groups formed by initial rSO2 &lt;30% vs ≥30% for longitudinal change with mixed effects models. We measured change in %rSO2 before and after lumbar puncture (LP).

Results
The median initial rSO2 (interquartile range) was 36% (29%–42%), and it was &lt;30% in 29% (35/121). For 30-day mortality, the unadjusted odds ratio (per 5% increase in rSO2) was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.91; P = .005). Those with initial rSO2 &lt;30% had 3.4 (95% CI, 1.5 to 8.0) higher odds of 30-day mortality than those with initial rSO2 ≥30%. Hemoglobin correlated with initial rSO2 (rho = .54; P &lt; .001), but rSO2 did not correlate with pulse oximetry, intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, or quantitative cerebrospinal fluid culture, and rSO2 was unchanged pre/post–lumbar punctures. The longitudinal rSO2 measurements change was 15% (95% CI, 12% to 18%) lower in the group with initial rSO2 &lt;30%.

Conclusions
Individuals with cryptococcal meningitis and low cerebral oximetry (rSO2 &lt; 30%) have high mortality. Cerebral oximetry may be useful as a prognostic marker of mortality. Targeted interventions to improve rSO2 should be tested in trials to try to decrease mortality in meningitis.
Patient satisfaction with sleep study experience: findings from the Sleep Apnea Patient-Centered Outcomes Network
Authors: Kapur Vishesh K , Johnston James C , Rueschman Michael , Bakker Jessie P , Donovan Lucas M , Hanson Mark , Harrington Zinta , Weng Jia , Redline Susan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStudy ObjectivesHome sleep apnea testing (HSAT) is increasingly used as an alternative to laboratory-based polysomnography (PSG) for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea. Patient satisfaction with sleep testing performed at home or in the lab has been sparsely assessed, despite its potentially pivotal role in determining patients’ acceptance of sleep apnea treatment. We hypothesize that satisfaction in clinical practice may differ from what has been previously reported within the research setting.MethodsWe analyzed survey data including responses to questions regarding diagnostic sleep study type and sleep study experience satisfaction from 2563 sleep apnea patients enrolled in the Sleep Apnea Patient-Centered Outcomes Network.ResultsPatients (mean age 57 years; 54% male) who underwent in-lab PSG were more likely to be satisfied with their study experience than patients who had a HSAT (71% vs 60%; p &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, the 38 per cent diminished odds of satisfaction in patients having HSAT (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.49–0.77) persisted after adjustment for potential confounders (OR: 0.41, 95% CI; 0.27–0.63). Greater sleep apnea symptom burden and satisfaction with CPAP therapy were associated with greater study satisfaction. Effect modifications on study types by college degree education and tiredness as a study trigger were detected.ConclusionsPatients receiving care in the community who underwent PSG reported greater satisfaction with study experience than patients who underwent HSAT in contrast to findings from randomized controlled trials. Our findings, based on data from contemporary “real-world” settings, suggest that assumptions about the generalizability of early reports comparing in-lab PSG to home-based paradigms need to be revisited.
A Travesty of Justice: Non-Compliance with the Automatic Review Mechanism for Sentences in Malawi
Authors: Gumboh Esther 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Section 15 of the Criminal Procedure and Evidence Code provides a fascinating automatic review mechanism. It requires the automatic review of sentences which exceed certain thresholds by the High Court and prohibits the continued detention of prisoners once the period of automatic review has lapsed. Due to delays in the review process, most sentences that are subject to automatic review are not reviewed timeously. However, the Malawi Prison Service does not release the offenders concerned as required by law, resulting in the unlawful detention of offenders whose sentences have technically expired. The Judiciary also fails to rectify this problem by reviewing sentences outside the automatic review period. This article examines the proper interpretation of section 15 and its consequences for the revisionary powers of the High Court with a view to highlight the incorrectness of the current approach.
A High-throughput Neurohistological Pipeline for Brain-Wide Mesoscale Connectivity Mapping of the Common Marmoset
Authors: Lin Meng Kuan , Takahashi Yeonsook Shin , Huo Bing-Xing , Hanada Mitsutoshi , Nagashima Jaimi , Hata Junichi , Tolpygo Alexander S. , Ram Keerthi , Lee Brian , Miller Michael , Rosa Marcello G.P. , Sasaki Erika , Iriki Atsushi , Okano Hideyuki , Mitra Partha P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the connectivity architecture of entire vertebrate brains is a fundamental but difficult task. MRI based methods offer whole brain coverage, but remain indirect in the approach to connectivity mapping. Recent progress has been made in directly mapping whole-brain connectivity architecture in the mouse at the mesoscopic scale. The basic approach uses tracer injections systematically placed on a grid of locations spanning the brain and computational analysis of the resulting whole brain data sets. Scaling this approach to bigger primate brains poses nontrivial technical challenges. Here we present an integrated neurohistological pipeline as well as a grid-based tracer injection strategy for systematic mesoscale connectivity mapping in the common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Individual brains are sectioned into ∼1700 20µm sections using the tape transfer technique, permitting high quality 3D reconstruction of a series of histochemical stains (Nissl, myelin) interleaved with tracer labelled sections. Combining the resulting 3D volumes, containing informative cytoarchitectonic markers, within-vivoandex-vivoMRI, and using an integrated computational pipeline, we are able to overcome the significant individual variation exhibited by Marmosets to obtain routine and high quality maps to a common atlas framework. This will facilitate the systematic assembly of a mesoscale connectivity matrix together with unprecedented 3D reconstructions of brain-wide projection patterns in a primate brain. While component instruments or protocols may be available from previous work, we believe that this is the first detailed systems-level presentation of the methodology required for high-throughput neuroanatomy in a model primate.
Multilabel multiclass classification of OCT images augmented with age, gender and visual acuity data
Authors: Mehta Parmita , Lee Aaron , Lee Cecilia , Balazinska Magdalena , Rokem Ariel 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOptical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging of the retina is in widespread clinical use to diagnose a wide range of retinal pathologies and several previous studies have used deep learning to create systems that can accurately classify retinal OCT as indicative of one of these pathologies. However, patients often exhibit multiple pathologies concurrently. Here, we designed a novel neural network algorithm that performs multiclass and multilabel classification of retinal images from OCT images in four common retinal pathologies: epiretinal membrane, diabetic macular edema, dry age-related macular degeneration and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Furthermore, clinicians often also use additional information about the patient for diagnosis. Second contribution of this study is improvement of multiclass, multilabel classification augmented with information about the patient: age, visual acuity and gender. We compared two training strategies: a network pre-trained with ImageNet was used for transfer learning, or the network was trained from randomly initialized weights. Transfer learning does not perform better in this case, because many of the low-level filters are tuned to colors, and the OCT images are monochromatic. Finally, we provide a transparent and interpretable diagnosis by highlighting the regions recognized by the neural network.
A Composition-Dependent Molecular Clutch Between T Cell Signaling Condensates and Actin
Authors: Ditlev J.A. , Vega A.R. , Köster D.V. , Su X. , Tani T. , Lakoduk A.M. , Vale R.D. , Mayor S. , Jaqaman K. , Rosen M.K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBiomolecular condensates play important roles in eukaryotic cells by concentrating molecules into foci without a surrounding membrane. During T cell activation, biomolecular condensates form at the immunological synapse (IS) through multivalency-driven phase separation of the adaptor protein LAT and its binding partners Grb2, Sos1, SLP-76, Nck and WASP. These condensates move radially at the IS, traversing a radially-oriented and then a concentric actin network. To understand the persistent radial movement, we biochemically reconstituted LAT condensates with mobile actomyosin filaments. We found that basic regions of Nck and N-WASP promote strong association and co-movement of LAT condensates with actin. Condensates lacking these components were instead propelled by steric interactions. In cells, LAT condensates lost Nck while traversing the boundary between the two actin networks, and condensates engineered to constitutively bind actin moved aberrantly. We propose that Nck and WASP form a clutch between LAT condensates and actin, and changes in composition enable condensate movement by distinct actin networks in different regions of the IS.
Immediate stimulus repetition abolishes stimulus expectation and surprise effects in fast periodic visual oddball designs
Authors: Feuerriegel Daniel , Keage Hannah A. D. , Rossion Bruno , Quek Genevieve L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractOddball designs are widely used to investigate the sensitivity of the visual system to statistical regularities in sensory environments. However, the underlying mechanisms that give rise to visual mismatch responses remain unknown. Much research has focused on identifying separable, additive effects of stimulus repetition and stimulus appearance probability (expectation/surprise) but findings from non-oddball designs indicate that these effects also interact. We adapted the fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) unfamiliar face identity oddball design (Liu-Shuang et al., 2014) to test for both additive and interactive effects of stimulus repetition and stimulus expectation. In two experiments, a given face identity was presented at a 6 Hz periodic rate; a different identity face (the oddball) appeared as every 7th image in the sequence (i.e., at 0.857 Hz). Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded during these stimulation sequences. In Experiment 1, we tested for surprise responses evoked by unexpected face image repetitions by replacing 10% of the commonly-presented oddball faces with exact repetitions of the base rate face identity image. In Experiment 2, immediately repeated or unrepeated face identity oddballs were presented in high and low presentation probability contexts (i.e., expected or surprising), allowing assessment of expectation effects on responses to both repeated and unrepeated stimuli. Across both experiments objective (i.e., frequency-locked) visual mismatch responses driven by stimulus expectation were only found for oddball faces of a different identity to base rate faces (i.e., unrepeated identity oddballs). Our results show that immediate stimulus repetition (i.e., repetition suppression) can reduce or abolish expectation effects as indexed by EEG responses in visual oddball designs.Highlights-We studied visual mismatch responses with a fast periodic oddball design-Our design cleanly separates immediate stimulus repetition and expectation effects-Stimulus expectation effects were only present for unrepeated stimuli-Immediate stimulus repetition reduced EEG expectation effects
Identification, structure-activity relationship andin silicomolecular docking analyses of five novel angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory peptides from stone fish hydrolysates
Authors: Auwal Shehu Muhammad , Zainal Abidin Najib , Zarei Mohammad , Tan Chin Ping , Saari Nazamid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStone fish is an under-utilized sea cucumber with many health benefits. Hydrolysates with strong ACE-inhibitory effects were generated from stone fish protein under the optimum conditions of hydrolysis using bromelain and fractionated based on hydrophobicity and isoelectric properties of the constituent peptides. Five novel peptide sequences with molecular weight (mw) < 1000 daltons (Da) were identified using LC-MS/MS. The peptides including ALGPQFY (794.44 Da), KVPPKA (638.88 Da), LAPPTM (628.85 Da), EVLIQ (600.77 Da) and EHPVL (593.74 Da) were evaluated for ACE-inhibitory activity and showed IC50values of 0.012 mM, 0.980 mM, 1.31 mM, 1.44 mM and 1.68 mM, respectively. The ACE-inhibitory effects of the peptides were further verified using molecular docking study. The docking results demonstrated that the peptides exhibit their effect mainly via hydrogen and electrostatic bond interactions with ACE. These findings provide evidence about stone fish as a valuable source of raw materials for the manufacture of antihypertensive peptides that can be incorporated to enhance therapeutic relevance and commercial significance of formulated functional foods.
Omitted variable bias in GLMs of neural spiking activity
Authors: Stevenson Ian H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGeneralized linear models (GLMs) have a wide range of applications in systems neuroscience describing the encoding of stimulus and behavioral variables as well as the dynamics of single neurons. However, in any given experiment, many variables that impact neural activity are not observed or not modeled. Here we demonstrate, in both theory and practice, how these omitted variables can result in biased parameter estimates for the effects that are included. In three case studies, we estimate tuning functions for common experiments in motor cortex, hippocampus, and visual cortex. We find that including traditionally omitted variables changes estimates of the original parameters and that modulation originally attributed to one variable is reduced after new variables are included. In GLMs describing single-neuron dynamics, we then demonstrate how post-spike history effects can also be biased by omitted variables. Here we find that omitted variable bias can lead to mistaken conclusions about the stability of single neuron firing. Omitted variable bias can appear in any model with confounders – where omitted variables modulate neural activity and the effects of the omitted variables covary with the included effects. Understanding how and to what extent omitted variable bias affects parameter estimates is likely to be important for interpreting the parameters and predictions of many neural encoding models.