bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Depth Characterization of the Effects of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Acute Trauma Response and Hemorrhage in Mice
Authors: Hartmann Clair , Gröger Michael , Noirhomme Jan-Philipp , Scheuerle Angelika , Möller Peter , Wachter Ulrich , Huber-Lang Markus , Nussbaum Benedikt , Jung Birgit , Merz Tamara , McCook Oscar , Kress Sandra , Stahl Bettina , Calzia Enrico , Georgieff Michael , Radermacher Peter , Wepler Martin 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Hemorrhagic shock accounts for a large amount of trauma-related mortality. The severity of trauma can be further aggravated by an additional blunt chest trauma (TxT), which independently contributes to mortality upon the development of an acute lung injury (ALI). Besides, cigarette smoke (CS) exposure before TxT enhanced posttraumatic inflammation, thereby aggravating ALI. We therefore aimed to characterize the impact of an acute and/or chronic lung injury on organ dysfunction in a murine model of traumatic hemorrhagic shock (HS).

Methods:
After 3 weeks of CS exposure, anesthetized mice underwent HS with/without TxT. Hemorrhagic shock was implemented for 1 h followed by retransfusion of shed blood and intensive care therapy for 4 h including lung-protective mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation, and noradrenaline titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure ≥50 mmHg. Lung mechanics and gas exchange were assessed together with systemic hemodynamics, metabolism, and acid-base status. Postmortem blood and tissue samples were analyzed for cytokine and chemokine levels, protein expression, mitochondrial respiration, and histological changes.

Results:
CS exposure and HS alone coincided with increased inflammation, decreased whole blood sulfide concentrations, and decreased diaphragmatic mitochondrial respiration. CS-exposed mice, which were subjected to TxT and subsequent HS, showed hemodynamic instability, acute kidney injury, and high mortality.

Conclusions:
Chronic CS exposure per se had the strongest impact on inflammatory responses. The degree of inflammation was similar upon an additional TxT, however, mice presented with organ dysfunction and increased mortality rates. Hence, in mice the degree of inflammation may be dissociated from the severity of organ dysfunction or injury.
E-learning for introductory Computer Science concept on recursion applying two types of feedback methods in the learning assessment
Authors: Mondigo Lynnard , Lao Demelo Madrazo 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a web-based interactive learning object (ILO) of introductory Computer Science (CS) concept on recursion and compare two feedback methods in the learning assessment part.

Design/methodology/approach
Test driven development (TDD) approach was used to develop ILO. The authors adapted Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching (MERLOT) standard instrument to evaluate ILO’s effectiveness as an e-learning tool. Three respondents, from a list of pre-identified prospective evaluators, were randomly chosen and served as raters for MERLOT, while 32 student-respondents coming from first-year Math and CS undergraduate majors were randomly assigned to each ILO version implementing either one of the two feedback methods.

Findings
ILO obtained mean ratings above 4 (in scale 1-5) in three MERLOT criteria, namely, potential effectiveness as teaching tool, ease of use, and quality of content, which is rated highest (mean=4.40, SD=0.53). The study also revealed that immediate feedback increases retention while delayed feedback improves generating new knowledge. Respondents who viewed the ILO implementing immediate feedback in their first session had statistically significantly higher scores (mean=8.25, SD=0.80) than those who viewed with delayed feedback (mean=7.63, SD=0.89). In their second session, the same observation was noted although with higher mean scores. These results give evidence that the developed ILO met standards in e-learning material and showed evidence of its effectiveness with preferably implementing immediate feedback.

Research limitations/implications
Although the developed ILO can now be used in school as supplementary learning material in teaching the concept of recursion in an introductory CS subject, a pilot testing of the web-based ILO using a larger sample of respondents to validate its effectiveness for online distance learning educational material can be pursued. Furthermore, in designing and creating an ILO, the provision of feedback during the assessment stage is necessary for effecting learning.

Originality/value
The study was a first to develop ILO for CS topic on recursion. The paper also compared which of two known feedback methods is best to implement in an ILO.
Localisation in an emerging Gulf economy
Authors: Jabeen Fauzia , Faisal Mohd Nishat , Katsioloudes Marios 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to understand Emirati nationals’ perceptions of the role of workforce localisation policies in their professional aspirations and growth and, second, to determine the role of higher education and job attributes in the achievement of their goals. The study uses a hierarchy-based model/road map to improve localisation efforts by attempting to aid understanding of the relationships and barriers hindering these processes.

Design/methodology/approach
The study follows a two-stage process. In the first stage, a questionnaire-based survey was administered to 207 Emirati postgraduate students from public and private universities based in two major Emirates: Abu Dhabi and Dubai. The sample data were analysed by basic descriptive statistics in the form of cross-relationships and rank correlation tests. In the second stage, an interpretive structural modelling approach was used to develop a hierarchy-based structural model of the barriers to localisation.

Findings
Emiratis younger than 30 years old consider localisation as an enabling factor in their professional success in contrast to those older than 30 years old. The results also indicate that working female Emiratis have significantly more positive attitudes regarding the contribution of localisation towards their professional success than that of their male counterparts. However, both genders see a mismatch in efforts being made to better equip themselves for the workplace. The hierarchy-based model delineates variables that could contribute to making localisation a successful employment programme in the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Research limitations
The findings of this study relate to the UAE. However, there are similar localisation programmes that have been implemented in other Gulf Cooperation Council states. Hence, while the results of this study are relevant to the UAE, they may not be generalisable to the entire Gulf region.

Practical implications
It is proposed that the research findings and the structural model of relationships may help policy makers develop suitable strategies to strengthen the Emirati localisation programme.

Originality/value
This study makes a contribution to the literature and can serve as a guide to policy makers for localisation programmes. This is achieved by analysing the attitude of UAE nationals studying at higher education institutions. Furthermore, the study presents a hierarchy-based model of the barriers to localisation that explains the root causes of the problem.
How brand-oriented strategy affects the financial performance of B2B SMEs
Authors: Anees-ur-Rehman Muhammad , Wong Ho Yin , Sultan Parves , Merrilees Bill 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
This study aims to examine the relationship between brand orientation and financial performance in business-to-business (B2B) small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It examines the impact of brand-oriented strategy on financial performance through four branding constructs, namely, internal branding, brand communication, brand awareness and brand credibility.

Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire-based survey was conducted to collect data from 250 Finnish B2B SMEs. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the validity of the constructs, whereas structural equation modeling was used to test proposed hypotheses of the study.

Findings
The results suggest that brand orientation improves the effectiveness of brand communication and internal branding in building brand awareness and credibility. Brand awareness emphasizes an external route through brand communication, whereas brand credibility emphasizes an internal route through internal branding. Brand awareness has a positive impact on brand credibility, and brand credibility has a positive impact on financial performance, highlighting the importance of both brand performance components for financial performance.

Originality/value
This study addresses the research gap in the B2B branding literature regarding the role of branding in enhancing financial performance. The results suggest that brand-oriented strategy can contribute to financial performance through brand awareness and brand credibility in the context of B2B SMEs.
The asymmetric effects of local and global network ties on firms’ innovation performance
Authors: Wang Lei , Li Jun , Huang Shaoqing 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a theoretical framework examining how local network ties and global network ties affect firms’ innovation performance via their absorptive capacities.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual framework is empirically tested in a field study with multi-source data collected from a sample of 297 manufacturing firms located in four. Manufacturing clusters in the south-eastern Yangtze River Delta of China. Hypotheses were tested with the use of path analysis with maximum likelihood robust estimates through the structural equation modelling approach.FindingsThe asymmetry between local network ties (LNT) and global network ties (GNT) in terms of influences on firms’ innovation performance is confirmed by empirical tests. LNT not only significantly and positively contribute to firms’ innovation performance directly but also enhance it indirectly via absorptive capability, whereas GNT exhibit only marginal influence on innovation performance. GNT are shown to boost innovation performance (IP) only indirectly via firms’ absorptive capacities. Knowledge heterogeneity and the difference between domestic and multinational firms’ institutional environment are considered to be the main causes of the asymmetric effects.Originality/valueWhile the previous literature either focused on the mediating role of firms’ knowledge absorptive capacities or investigated the effects of social networks separately, this study incorporates both mechanisms into a single analytical framework to better account for the interactions between network effects and absorptive capacities. The results challenge some previous studies positing that GNT are stronger determinants than LNT in shaping a local firm’s innovation capacity in emerging economies, and the findings emphasize the importance of absorptive capacity in helping local enterprises to leverage external linkages to enhance firm’s innovation performance.
Structural and defensive roles of angiosperm leaf venation network reticulation across an Andes–Amazon elevation gradient
Authors: Blonder Benjamin , Salinas Norma , Bentley Lisa Patrick , Shenkin Alexander , Chambi Porroa Percy Orlando , Valdez Tejeira Yolvi , Boza Espinoza Tatiana Erika , Goldsmith Gregory R. , Enrico Lucas , Martin Roberta , Asner Gregory P. , Díaz Sandra , Enquist Brian J. , Malhi Yadvinder 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

The network of minor veins of angiosperm leaves may include loops (reticulation). Variation in network architecture has been hypothesized to have hydraulic and also structural and defensive functions.

We measured venation network trait space in eight dimensions for 136 biomass‐dominant angiosperm tree species along a 3,300 m elevation gradient in southeastern Peru. We then examined the relative importance of multiple ecological and evolutionary predictors of reticulation.

Variation in minor venation network reticulation was constrained to three axes. These axes described reconnecting vs. branching veins, elongated vs. compact areoles compact vs. elongated and low vs. high‐density veins. Variation in the first two axes was predicted by traits related to mechanical strength and secondary compounds, and in the third axis by site temperature.

Synthesis. Defensive and structural factors primarily explain variation in multiple axes of reticulation, with a smaller role for climate‐linked factors. These results suggest that venation network reticulation may be determined more by species interactions than by hydraulic functions.
Enhancing Learning in Emergency Services Organisational Work
Authors: Owen Christine , Brooks Benjamin , Curnin Steven , Bearman Chris 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe paper aims to assist emergency services organisations to learn how to learn so that managers better understand how to embed effective learning practices and systems into their organisation's culture. Learning in emergency services organisations occurs in a range of contexts. These include after‐action reviews, externally led inquiries, and practice‐led research projects. The paper outlines key themes from the work‐related learning literature and introduces a modified experiential learning framework to ground real‐world experiences. Interviews were conducted with 18 emergency services practitioners. The findings provide examples of the broad challenges that agencies need to manage to enhance and sustain learning. These include shifting value from action post an event, to reflection, focusing on the bigger picture and allowing enough time to effectively embed new practices after an emergency. No organisation can forgo learning. All experiences provide opportunities for learning to occur. A key insight for agencies interested in facilitating improvements in learning is to locate potential weak links in the learning cycle and to develop a better understanding of how to learn.
The Tone from Above: The Effect of Communicating a Supportive Regulatory Strategy on Reporting Quality
Authors: VAN DUIN SANNE R. , DEKKER HENRI C. , WIELHOUWER JACCO L. , MENDOZA JUAN P. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTIn collaboration with the Authority for the Financial Markets in the Netherlands, we manipulate the content of official letters that instruct financial intermediaries to submit a mandatory self‐assessment. As part of the Registered Report Process, we submitted our hypotheses, experimental procedure, and planned statistical analyses before data collection. We predicted that a request indicating a supportive regulatory attitude has a positive effect on reporting quality on average. We also predicted this effect to be stronger for small firms and for firms with a long‐term orientation, and to become negative for firms with a short‐term orientation. Planned analyses show that a supportive letter reduced reporting quality unless firms had a long‐term orientation, supporting the moderating influence of time horizon, but providing no support for the expected average effect or for moderation by firm size.
Impaired Gas Exchange: Prognostic Clinical Indicators of Short‐Term Survival in Children with Acute Respiratory Infection
Authors: Pascoal Lívia Maia , de Oliveira Lopes Marcos Venícios , Chaves Daniel Bruno Resende , Beltrão Beatriz Amorim , Nunes Marília Mendes , da Silva Viviane Martins , de Sousa Freire Vanessa Emille Carvalho 
Published: February 2018

PURPOSETo establish prognostic indicators of survival for impaired gas exchange (IGE) (00030).METHODSSecondary analysis of data from an open prospective cohort developed with a group of 136 children with acute respiratory infection (ARI).FINDINGSOn Day 1, IGE (00030) was present in 42.6% of the sample. New cases arose until the last day of evaluation. With regards to defining characteristics, only hypoxemia and abnormal skin color were associated with a higher risk of developing diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSChildren with ARI who exhibit hypoxemia and abnormal skin color had a worse prognosis for IGE (00030).IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSE PRACTICENurses can use the research findings as a predictive marker of the evolution of the patient's health status.
Pre‐eclampsia affects procalcitonin production in placental tissue
Authors: Agostinis Chiara , Rami Damiano , Zacchi Paola , Bossi Fleur , Stampalija Tamara , Mangogna Alessandro , Amadio Leonardo , Vidergar Romana , Vecchi Brumatti Liza , Ricci Giuseppe , Celeghini Claudio , Radillo Oriano , Sargent Ian , Bulla Roberta 
Published: February 2018

ProblemProcalcitonin (PCT) is the prohormone of calcitonin which is usually released from neuroendocrine cells of the thyroid gland (parafollicular) and the lungs (K cells). PCT is synthesized by almost all cell types and tissues, including monocytes and parenchymal tissue, upon LPS stimulation. To date, there is no evidence for PCT expression in the placenta both in physiological and pathological conditions.MethodCirculating and placental PCT levels were analysed in pre‐eclamptic (PE) and control patients. Placental cells and macrophages (PBDM), stimulated with PE sera, were analysed for PCT expression. The effect of anti‐TNF‐α antibody was analysed.ResultsHigher PCT levels were detected in PE sera and in PE placentae compared to healthy women. PE trophoblasts showed increased PCT expression compared to those isolated from healthy placentae. PE sera induced an upregulation of PCT production in macrophages and placental cells. The treatment of PBDM with PE sera in the presence of anti‐TNF‐α completely abrogated the effect induced by pathologic sera.ConclusionTrophoblast cells are the main producer of PCT in PE placentae. TNF‐α, in association with other circulating factors present in PE sera, upregulates PCT production in macrophages and normal placental cells, thus contributing to the observed increased in circulating PCT in PE sera.
Utilization of Antiepileptic Medicines in Swedish Children and Adolescents with Different Diagnoses
Authors: Karlsson Lind Linnéa , Wide Katarina , Wettermark Björn , von Euler Mia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the utilization of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in children and adolescents with epilepsy and other diagnoses in a nationwide population between 2007 and 2014. Data on dispensed prescriptions of AEDs were collected from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register and linked to diagnosis data from the National Patient Register covering all in‐ and outpatient consultations from Swedish hospitals. Children aged 0–17 years who had received at least one prescription for AEDs were selected. We calculated proportions of patients stratified by indication, sex and type of AED. A total of 18,131 patients (mean age 9.5 years, 50% boys) were initiated on AED treatment between January 2007 and December 2014. Epilepsy was the most frequent diagnosis (46%) recorded within the year prior to the first AED dispensing. Psychiatric and pain diagnoses were more common in girls (sex distribution 70/30 and 59/41, respectively). In epilepsy, the most frequently initiated AED was valproic acid in boys and lamotrigine in girls. Lamotrigine was the most frequently initiated drug in psychiatry, in both boys and girls. This nationwide study provides new knowledge on AED use in children and adolescents. The use of AEDs during the study period was mainly restricted to epilepsy, and the individual AEDs used seems to be in accordance with approved indications. However, the use of AED on non‐epilepsy diagnoses, especially pain disorders, raises concerns.
Generalized Accelerated Recurrence Time Model for Multivariate Recurrent Event Data with Missing Event Type
Authors: Ma Huijuan , Peng Limin , Zhang Zhumin , Lai HuiChuan J. 
Published: February 2018

Summary
Recurrent events data are frequently encountered in biomedical follow-up studies. The generalized accelerated recurrence time (GART) model (Sun et al., 2016), which formulates covariate effects on the time scale of the mean function of recurrent events (i.e., time to expected frequency), has arisen as a useful secondary analysis tool to provide meaningful physical interpretations. In this article, we investigate the GART model in a multivariate recurrent events setting, where subjects may experience multiple types of recurrent events and some event types may be missing. We propose methods for the GART model that utilize the inverse probability weighting technique or the estimating equation projection strategy to handle event types that are missing at random. The new methods do not require imposing any parametric model for the missing mechanism, and thus are robust; moreover, they enjoy easy and stable implementation. We establish the uniform consistency and weak convergence of the resulting estimators and develop appropriate inferential procedures. Extensive simulation studies and an application to a dataset from Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) illustrate the validity and practical utility of the proposed methods.
The relation between cognitive and metacognitive processing: Building bridges between the SRL, MDL, and SAL domains
Authors: Coertjens Liesje 
Published: February 2018

AimThe main aim of this commentary was to connect the insights from the contributions of the special issue on the intersection between depth and the regulation of strategy use. The seven contributions in this special issue stem from three perspectives: self‐regulated learning (SRL), model of domain learning (MDL), or the student approaches to learning (SAL).ProcedurePrior to combining insights from different studies, the definition and operationalization of cognitive and metacognitive processing in the seven contributions is described. Subsequently, the grain size and statistical methods used in these contributions are discussed. This information allows us to – albeit cautiously – combine the results from the different studies regarding the relation between cognitive and metacognitive processing.ConclusionDeep processing and self‐regulation/monitoring showed a strong correlation, regardless of the theoretical framework or data collection method chosen. The strength of the correlation between surface processing and metacognitive processing differed, however, between the studies. Pathways for future research on students’ cognitive and metacognitive processing are suggested, at the methodological level as well as regarding the conceptualization of unregulated learning and surface processing.
The Earnings Effect of Sexual Orientation: British Evidence from Worker‐Firm Matched Data
Authors: Wang Jing , Gunderson Morley , Wicks David 
Published: February 2018

AbstractUsing the British Workplace Employment Relations Study (WERS) with its preferred self‐identified measure of sexual orientation as well as its organizational‐level variables, we find that gay men earn about the same as heterosexual men and lesbians earn significantly more than heterosexual women. Working in an organization with a diversity and equity management (DEM) policy generally has a positive effect on the earnings of gay men and lesbians, especially if they are single. Implications for theories of diversity management, discrimination and market versus household production are discussed.