bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whining and Winning: Male Narratives of Love, Marriage, and Divorce in the Shadow of the Third Reich
Authors: Mailänder Elissa 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article analyzes the social realities that Austrian and German heterosexual men, all in their reproductive age, confronted in the aftermath of World War II; the kind of sexual and gendered configurations produced under Nazism and during the postwar period; and the ways in which these social and emotional realities were publically and privately dealt with after the war. It draws on reports in, and letters-to-the-editor of, the journalLiebe und Ehefrom 1949 to 1951, as well as on a sample of fourteen private letters written by an Austrian policeman in 1951 about his love relationship with a nurse. Such early postwar narratives not only point at issues and conflicts between the sexes, but also suggest the rehabilitation of traditional gender roles in West Germany and Austria. Men struggled to conform to new guidelines of heterosexual domesticity, a development that hints not only at traumatic war experiences, but also at the ideological residuals of Nazism.
Trauma-associated anterior cingulate connectivity during reward learning predicts affective and anxiety states in young adults
Authors: Eckstrand Kristen L. , Hanford Lindsay C. , Bertocci Michele A. , Chase Henry W. , Greenberg Tsafrir , Lockovich Jeanette , Stiffler Ricki , Aslam Haris A. , Graur Simona , Bebko Genna , Forbes Erika E. , Phillips Mary L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundTrauma exposure is associated with development of depression and anxiety; yet, some individuals are resilient to these trauma-associated effects. Differentiating mechanisms underlying development of negative affect and resilience following trauma is critical for developing effective interventions. One pathway through which trauma could exert its effects on negative affect is reward-learning networks. In this study, we examined relationships among lifetime trauma, reward-learning network function, and emotional states in young adults.MethodsOne hundred eleven young adults self-reported trauma and emotional states and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during a monetary reward task. Trauma-associated neural activation and functional connectivity were analyzed during reward prediction error (RPE). Relationships between trauma-associated neural functioning and affective and anxiety symptoms were examined.ResultsNumber of traumatic events was associated with greater ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC) activation, and lower vACC connectivity with the right insula, frontopolar, inferior parietal, and temporoparietal regions, during RPE. Lower trauma-associated vACC connectivity with frontoparietal regions implicated in regulatory and decision-making processes was associated with heightened affective and anxiety symptoms; lower vACC connectivity with insular regions implicated in interoception was associated with lower affective and anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsIn a young adult sample, two pathways linked the impact of trauma on reward-learning networks with higherv.lower negative affective and anxiety symptoms. The disconnection between vACC and regions implicated in decision-making and self-referential processes may reflect aberrant regulatory but appropriate self-focused mechanisms, respectively, conferring risk forv.resilience against negative affective and anxiety symptoms.
Aberrant myelination of the cingulum and Schneiderian delusions in schizophrenia: a 7T magnetization transfer study
Authors: Palaniyappan Lena , Al-Radaideh Ali , Mougin Olivier , Das Tushar , Gowland Penny , Liddle Peter F. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe structural integrity of the anterior cingulum has been repeatedly observed to be abnormal in patients with schizophrenia. More recently, aberrant myelination of frontal fasciculi, especially, cingulum has been proposed to underlie delayed corollary discharges that can affect sense of agency and contribute to delusions of control (Schneiderian delusions). Using the magnetization transfer phenomenon at an ultra-high field 7T MRI, we investigated the putative myelin content of cingulum bundle in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsSeventeen clinically stable patients with schizophrenia and 20 controls were recruited for this 7T MRI study. We used a region-of-interest method and extracted magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) from left and right dorsal cingulum bundles and estimated patients v. controls differences. We also related the cingulum MTR values to the severity of Schneiderian delusions.ResultsPatients had a significant reduction in the MTR, indicating reduced myelin content, in the cingulum bundle (right cingulum Hedges’ g = 0.91; left cingulum g = 0.03). The reduced MTR of left cingulum was associated with higher severity of Schneiderian delusions (τ = −0.45, p = 0.026) but no such relationship was seen for the right cingulum MTR (τ = −0.136, p = 0.50) among patients. The association between the left cingulum MTR and Schneiderian delusions was not explained by the presence of other delusions, hallucinations, disorganization or negative symptoms.ConclusionsDysmyelination of the cingulum bundle is seen in a subgroup of patients with schizophrenia and may be involved in the mechanism of Schneiderian delusions.
Reconciliation through Estrangement
Authors: Thaler Mathias 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhile it is often assumed that reconciliation culminates in the comprehensive resolution of conflict between deeply alienated parties, the article argues that reconciliation can only be achieved through complex mechanisms of estrangement that reveal alternative vistas or collective renewal. Art performs an important role in this process. The article theorizes estrangement as both an artistic and a political technique that can have world-disclosing, rather than alienating, effects on its audience: what Svetlana Boym calls estrangement for, rather than from, the world. I tease out the implications of this insight by examining the South African theater pieceUbu and the Truth Commission, which employs a number of estrangements devices in order to problematize the ambiguities and uncertainties of the post-Apartheid transition period. By subverting audience identification, yet triggering emotional contagion, the play imaginatively opens up the possibility of a common world in which agonistic relations are productively negotiated, rather than fully suppressed.
Genre and linguistic expectation shift: Evidence from pop song lyrics
Authors: Squires Lauren 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPopular song lyrics constitute an exception to dominant, standard language ideologies of English: nonstandard grammatical forms are common, relatively unstigmatized, and even enregistered in the genre. This project uses song lyrics to test whether genre cues can shift linguistic expectations, influencing how speakers process morphosyntactic variants. In three self-paced reading experiments, participants read sentences from pop songs. Test sentences contained either ‘standard’ NPSG+doesn'tor ‘nonstandard’ NPSG+don't. In Experiment 1, some participants were told that the sentences came from lyrics, while others received no context information. Experiment 2 eliminated other nonstandardisms in the stimuli, and Experiment 3 tested for the effect of stronger context information. Genre information caused participants to orient to the sentences differently, which partially—but not straightforwardly—mitigated surprisal at nonstandarddon't. I discuss future directions for understanding the effects of context on sociolinguistic processing, which I argue can inform concepts like genre and enregisterment, and the processes underlying language attitudes. (Morphosyntactic variation, genre, invariantdon't, language ideology, pop songs, experimental sociolinguistics, sentence processing)*
When the State Sovereign Immunity Rule Meets Sovereign Wealth Funds in the Post Financial Crisis Era: Is There Still a Black Hole in International Law?
Authors: SHANG SHU , SHEN WEI 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThis article examines the state sovereign immunity rule in the context of a rising number of sovereign wealth funds and their ever-increasing value of cross-border commercial activities in the aftermath of the latest global financial crisis. The concept of sovereignty and the rule of sovereignty remain in a state of flux while new actors such as sovereign wealth funds are participating in global commercial activities in a nontransparent and politically motivated manner. Accordingly, states may pursue strategic foreign policy objectives through these newer investment arms in an unconventional way, thereby being deeply involved in the political-economic arena and distorting the existing concepts of international law. This article posits that there is an international law black hole in which sovereign wealth funds have come to engage in commercial activities as well as exercise the public functions traditionally associated with states (actsjure imperii). The doctrine of restrictive immunity has come into question and the bulk of local court decisions have offered little clear guidance. Against this backdrop three interconnected perspectives are then discussed with reference to emerging economies like China: the immunity rule, the principle of sovereignty, and the balance of power in globalization.
Challenging the Paris Peace Treaties, State Sovereignty, and Western-Dominated International Law –The Multifaceted Genesis of the Jus Cogens Doctrine
Authors: LANGE FELIX 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe genesis of thejus cogensdoctrine in international law has long been associated with a turn to a more value-laden international law after the Second World War promoted by British rapporteurs in the International Law Commission. This article builds on this narrative but adds two seemingly contradictory story lines. In the 1920s and 1930s German-speaking international legal scholars like Alfred Verdross developed the concept as a tool to renounce the disliked Paris Peace Treaties in the context of increasingly aggressive German revision policies. Furthermore, after 1945 Soviet thinkers of the Khrushchev era usedjus cogensto criticize Western economic and military integration, while newly independent states regarded the concept as a promising vehicle for distancing themselves from the traditional Western international legal notions in the era of decolonization. Hence, instead of embracing a progress narrative, a dark side account, or a contributionist reading of the history of international law, this article highlights the multifaceted origins of thejus cogensdoctrine.
The Prosecutor’s Request Concerning the Rohingya Deportation to Bangladesh: Certain Procedural Questions
Authors: VAGIAS MICHAIL 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOn 9 April 2018, the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court filed a request seeking the composition of a Pre-Trial Chamber, in order to decide whether the Court has territorial jurisdiction over the Rohingya deportation from Myanmar to Bangladesh as a crime against humanity. This filing is a first for the Court on at least two fronts; it is the first time the Prosecutor has asked the Court to interpret Article 12(2)(a) and apply qualified territoriality; it is also the first time the Prosecutor has asked for a ruling on jurisdiction under Article 19(3).This study explores certain procedural questions emerging from this request, such as the Court’s authority to decide while its jurisdiction is ‘dormant’; the function of Article 19(3) within the Rome Statute’s overall system concerning jurisdictional determinations; issuing a decision on jurisdiction, while avoiding prejudice to subsequent proceedings and without rendering meaningless the right to challenge jurisdiction under Article 19(2) of the Statute. The article accepts that the request is a step in the right direction, as it signals the Prosecutor’s determination to investigate the Rohingya crisis. However, the manner and timing of its presentation give rise to plausible claims of incompatibility with the Court’s procedural framework. Arguably, the Court may well instruct the Prosecutor to assume the risk of wasting precious resources and proceed with further investigations, pending the final determination of the jurisdictional question at a later stage.
Reconstruction and Future Prediction of the Distribution of Wetlands in China
Authors: Xue Zhenshan , Zou Yuanchun , Zhang Zhongsheng , Lyu Xianguo , Jiang Ming , Wu Haitao , Liu Xiaohui , Tong Shouzheng 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDue to lack of historical and accurate data, less well known is how the wetlands of China were changed and affected by human disturbance and climate change during past millennia and also, whether climate warming could impact the surviving wetlands in China. Using niche‐based distribution models and downscaled climate data of the past and future, we projected the potential distribution of wetlands in China. Our results show that more than half of the wetlands in China have been destroyed over the past few millennia. Also, future warming will have a negative effect on remaining wetlands. Freshwater swamp and seasonal salt marsh are predicted to dramatically reduce under future scenarios. Wetlands in high mountain regions and inland arid regions are under threat of degeneration and water salinization. This research could provide valuable information for the future conservation and management of wetlands in China.
Patterns of polymorphism and selection in the subgenomes of the allopolyploid Arabidopsis kamchatica
Authors: Paape Timothy , Briskine Roman V. , Halstead-Nussloch Gwyneth , Lischer Heidi E. L. , Shimizu-Inatsugi Rie , Hatakeyama Masaomi , Tanaka Kenta , Nishiyama Tomoaki , Sabirov Renat , Sese Jun , Shimizu Kentaro K. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractGenome duplication is widespread in wild and crop plants. However, little is known about genome-wide selection in polyploids due to the complexity of duplicated genomes. In polyploids, the patterns of purifying selection and adaptive substitutions may be affected by masking owing to duplicated genes or homeologs as well as effective population size. Here, we resequence 25 accessions of the allotetraploidArabidopsis kamchatica, which is derived from the diploid speciesA. halleriandA. lyrata. We observe a reduction in purifying selection compared with the parental species. Interestingly, proportions of adaptive non-synonymous substitutions are significantly positive in contrast to most plant species. A recurrent pattern observed in both frequency and divergence–diversity neutrality tests is that the genome-wide distributions of both subgenomes are similar, but the correlation between homeologous pairs is low. This may increase the opportunity of different evolutionary trajectories such as in theHMA4gene involved in heavy metal hyperaccumulation.
Microenvironmental niche divergence shapes BRCA1-dysregulated ovarian cancer morphological plasticity
Authors: Heindl Andreas , Khan Adnan Mujahid , Rodrigues Daniel Nava , Eason Katherine , Sadanandam Anguraj , Orbegoso Cecilia , Punta Marco , Sottoriva Andrea , Lise Stefano , Banerjee Susana , Yuan Yinyin 
Published: September 2018

AbstractHow tumor microenvironmental forces shape plasticity of cancer cell morphology is poorly understood. Here, we conduct automated histology image and spatial statistical analyses in 514 high grade serous ovarian samples to define cancer morphological diversification within the spatial context of the microenvironment. Tumor spatial zones, where cancer cell nuclei diversify in shape, are mapped in each tumor. Integration of this spatially explicit analysis with omics and clinical data reveals a relationship between morphological diversification and the dysregulation of DNA repair, loss of nuclear integrity, and increased disease mortality. Within the Immunoreactive subtype, spatial analysis further reveals significantly lower lymphocytic infiltration within diversified zones compared with other tumor zones, suggesting that even immune-hot tumors contain cells capable of immune escape. Our findings support a model whereby a subpopulation of morphologically plastic cancer cells with dysregulated DNA repair promotes ovarian cancer progression through positive selection by immune evasion.
Quantifying climate sensitivity and climate-driven change in North American amphibian communities
Authors: Miller David A. W. , Grant Evan H. Campbell , Muths Erin , Amburgey Staci M. , Adams Michael J. , Joseph Maxwell B. , Waddle J. Hardin , Johnson Pieter T. J. , Ryan Maureen E. , Schmidt Benedikt R. , Calhoun Daniel L. , Davis Courtney L. , Fisher Robert N. , Green David M. , Hossack Blake R. , Rittenhouse Tracy A. G. , Walls Susan C. , Bailey Larissa L. , Cruickshank Sam S. , Fellers Gary M. , Gorman Thomas A. , Haas Carola A. , Hughson Ward , Pilliod David S. , Price Steven J. , Ray Andrew M. , Sadinski Walt , Saenz Daniel , Barichivich William J. , Brand Adrianne , Brehme Cheryl S. , Dagit Rosi , Delaney Katy S. , Glorioso Brad M. , Kats Lee B. , Kleeman Patrick M. , Pearl Christopher A. , Rochester Carlton J. , Riley Seth P. D. , Roth Mark , Sigafus Brent H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractChanging climate will impact species’ ranges only when environmental variability directly impacts the demography of local populations. However, measurement of demographic responses to climate change has largely been limited to single species and locations. Here we show that amphibian communities are responsive to climatic variability, using >500,000 time-series observations for 81 species across 86 North American study areas. The effect of climate on local colonization and persistence probabilities varies among eco-regions and depends on local climate, species life-histories, and taxonomic classification. We found that local species richness is most sensitive to changes in water availability during breeding and changes in winter conditions. Based on the relationships we measure, recent changes in climate cannot explain why local species richness of North American amphibians has rapidly declined. However, changing climate does explain why some populations are declining faster than others. Our results provide important insights into how amphibians respond to climate and a general framework for measuring climate impacts on species richness.
Estimating sources and sinks of malaria parasites in Madagascar
Authors: Ihantamalala Felana Angella , Herbreteau Vincent , Rakotoarimanana Feno M. J. , Rakotondramanga Jean Marius , Cauchemez Simon , Rahoilijaona Bienvenue , Pennober Gwenaëlle , Buckee Caroline O. , Rogier Christophe , Metcalf C. J. E. , Wesolowski Amy 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn areas where malaria epidemiology is spatially and temporally heterogeneous, human-mediated parasite importation can result in non-locally acquired clinical cases and outbreaks in low-transmission areas. Using mobility estimates derived from the mobile phone data and spatial malaria prevalence data, we identify travel routes relevant to malaria transmission in Madagascar. We find that the primary hubs of parasite importation are in a spatially connected area of the central highlands. Surprisingly, sources of these imported infections are not spatially clustered. We then related these source locations directly to clinical cases in the low-transmission area of the capital. We find that in the capital, a major sink, the primary sources of infection are along the more populated coastal areas, although these sources are seasonally variable. Our results have implications for targeting interventions at source locations to achieve local or national malaria control goals.
Persistent repair intermediates induce senescence
Authors: Feringa F. M. , Raaijmakers J. A. , Hadders M. A. , Vaarting C. , Macurek L. , Heitink L. , Krenning L. , Medema R. H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractDouble-stranded DNA breaks activate a DNA damage checkpoint in G2 phase to trigger a cell cycle arrest, which can be reversed to allow for recovery. However, damaged G2 cells can also permanently exit the cell cycle, going into senescence or apoptosis, raising the question how an individual cell decides whether to recover or withdraw from the cell cycle. Here we find that the decision to withdraw from the cell cycle in G2 is critically dependent on the progression of DNA repair. We show that delayed processing of double strand breaks through HR-mediated repair results in high levels of resected DNA and enhanced ATR-dependent signalling, allowing p21 to rise to levels at which it drives cell cycle exit. These data imply that cells have the capacity to discriminate breaks that can be repaired from breaks that are difficult to repair at a time when repair is still ongoing.
RARα supports the development of Langerhans cells and langerin-expressing conventional dendritic cells
Authors: Hashimoto-Hill Seika , Friesen Leon , Park Sungtae , Im Suji , Kaplan Mark H. , Kim Chang H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLangerhans cells (LC) are the prototype langerin-expressing dendritic cells (DC) that reside specifically in the epidermis, but langerin-expressing conventional DCs also reside in the dermis and other tissues, yet the factors that regulate their development are unclear. Because retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) is highly expressed by LCs, we investigate the functions of RARα and retinoic acid (RA) in regulating the langerin-expressing DCs. Here we show that the development of LCs from embryonic and bone marrow-derived progenitors and langerin+ conventional DCs is profoundly regulated by the RARα-RA axis. During LC differentiation, RARα is required for the expression of a LC-promoting transcription factor Runx3, but suppresses that of LC-inhibiting C/EBPβ. RARα promotes the development of LCs and langerin+conventional DCs only in hypo-RA conditions, a function effectively suppressed at systemic RA levels. Our findings identify positive and negative regulatory mechanisms to tightly regulate the development of the specialized DC populations.
Simulation of slip transients and earthquakes in finite thickness shear zones with a plastic formulation
Authors: Tong Xinyue , Lavier Luc L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWe perform numerical experiments of damped quasi-dynamic fault slip that include a rate-and-state behavior at steady state to simulate earthquakes and a plastic rheology to model permanent strain. The model shear zone has a finite width which represents a natural fault zone. Here we reproduce fast and slow events that follow theoretical and observational scaling relationships for earthquakes and slow slip events (SSEs). We show that the transition between fast and slow slip occurs when the friction drop in the shear zone is equal to a critical value, Δμc. With lower friction drops, SSEs use nearly all of mechanical work to accumulate inelastic strain, while with higher friction drops fast slips use some of the mechanical work to slip frictionally. Our new formulation replaces the state evolution of rate and state by the stress evolution concurrent with accumulation of permanent damage in and around a fault zone.