bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate‐specific antigen kinetics in Asian patients with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer treated with apalutamide in the TITAN trial: A post hoc analysis
Authors: Ye Ding‐Wei , Uemura Hirotsugu , Chung Byung Ha , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Mundle Suneel , Bhaumik Amitabha , Singh Anildeep , Chowdhury Simon , Agarwal Neeraj , Chi Kim N. , Huang Jian 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveIn the TITAN trial of patients with metastatic castration‐sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), deep and rapid prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) decline with apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was associated with longer overall survival (OS), radiographic progression‐free survival (rPFS), time to PSA progression (TTPP), and time to castration resistance (TTCR) compared with no decline (all p < 0.0001). This post hoc analysis evaluated PSA kinetics in the Asian subpopulation.MethodsData were analyzed for patients enrolled in China, Japan, and Korea and treated with apalutamide (n = 111) or placebo (n = 110) plus ADT. Examined were depth of PSA response, rates of PSA decline, and associations between a deep PSA response and clinical outcomes in apalutamide‐treated patients.ResultsConfirmed PSA response rates were higher with apalutamide than placebo: 73.9% versus 33.6% for PSA ≤0.2 ng/mL, 90.1% versus 58.2% for PSA reduction ≥50% [PSA50], and 74.8% versus 25.5% for PSA reduction ≥90% [PSA90]. Median (Q1; Q3) time to PSA ≤0.2 ng/mL, PSA50 and PSA90 response in the apalutamide group was 1.9 (1.0; 3.7), 1.0 (1.0; 1.0), and 1.8 (1.0; 1.9) months, respectively. PSA responses with apalutamide or placebo were consistent irrespective of high‐ or low‐volume disease. Achievement of confirmed PSA ≤0.2 ng/mL or PSA90 response with apalutamide at landmark 3 months was associated with significantly (nominal p‐values) longer OS (hazard ratio: 0.23; p = 0.0009), TTPP (0.16; p = 0.0001), TTCR (0.20; p < 0.0001), and time to progression on first subsequent therapy or death (0.19; p < 0.0001) compared with no decline.ConclusionPSA kinetics have applications for early prognostic evaluation in Asian patients with mCSPC.
Towards Better Understanding of Party‐Union Relationship: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Kamiński Paweł , Czarnecki Szczepan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIn many European democracies, political parties and trade unions have developed a long‐standing relationship. This relationship has certainly evolved over the last few decades as both actors have had to adapt to changes in their constituencies. This study examines the evolving dynamics between political parties and trade unions across Europe, with a focus on both Western and Central‐Eastern European contexts. By utilising data from the Comparative Interest Group survey, we investigate how factors such as political power, resources, and ideological alignments influence these interactions. Our findings reveal that unions prioritise contacts with ruling parties, underscoring the importance of political access. Despite assumptions, financial resources alone do not determine engagement frequency, as well as ideological alliances. We also highlight differing contact levels influenced by political systems, showing that pluralist environments foster more interaction compared to corporatist settings. This research contributes valuable insights into the adaptive strategies of trade unions in contemporary democracies, reflecting on historical ties and varying institutional landscapes.
Language and Ageing in Adults With Down Syndrome: An Analysis of Receptive and Expressive Language Measures
Authors: Figueroa Mario , Darbra Sònia 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe evidence on the effect of age on the receptive and expressive language skills of individuals with Down syndrome is inconclusive. Recent research highlights the relevance of having tools to detect age‐related changes in language skills.MethodData were collected on 45 adults with Down syndrome. All were assessed with the Peabody test, token test, verbal fluency tasks and an expressive language sample.ResultsScores on token and Peabody showed a decline in older adults, whereas no significant effect of age was observed for expressive language measures. A quadratic regression confirmed the association between age and receptive language measures. Highly significant associations were also found between the performance on receptive and expressive language measures.ConclusionsReceptive language skills are more age‐sensitive than the expressive language skills. In addition to expressive language skills, receptive language skills should be measured because they show age associated changes not observed in expressive language.
Long Non‐Coding RNA LINC01116 Promotes the Proliferation of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Targeting miR‐9‐5p/CCNE1 Axis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Cai Wenwen , Miao Yiyan , Gu Yihang , Zhou Xiaorong , Kaneda Hiroyasu , Wang Lan 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTLong non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC01116 is crucial in promoting cell proliferation, invasion and migration in solid tumours, including lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). LINC01116 acts as a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) that binds competitively to microRNAs and plays a critical role in tumour migration and invasion. However, other mechanisms of action besides the ceRNA theory have been rarely reported and remain to be elucidated further. The differences in RNA and protein levels in cells and tissues were assessed through real‐time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. In vitro functional assays and in vivo xenograft models were used to analyse the function of LINC01116 in LUAD. Thus, the molecular correlation between miR‐9‐5p and CCNE1 was investigated through direct and indirect mechanism experiments. LINC01116, miR‐9‐5p and CCNE1 were upregulated in LUAD cell lines and tissues and were associated with a poor prognosis in patients. LINC01116 depletion inhibited proliferation but facilitated cell apoptosis. AGO2‐RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation (AGO2‐RIP) experiments confirmed that AGO2 binds to LINC01116 and miR‐9‐5p, indicating that LINC01116 interacts with miR‐9‐5p. The overexpression of miR‐9‐5p and CCNE1 effectively counteracts the biological effects of LINC01116 knockdown on reduced proliferation and cell cycle arrest in LUAD cells. The downregulation of miR‐9‐5p significantly reduces the CCNE1 level in A549 cells, and the upregulation of LINC01116 counteracts the downregulation of miR‐9‐5p effect, restoring the expression level of CCNE1. Our data demonstrated that LINC01116 regulates the expression of CCNE1 by positively regulating miR‐9‐5p, thereby affecting cell cycle, proliferation and participating in the development of LUAD.
Divergent Attitudes of Eurosceptic Parties Towards Intergovernmental and Supranational EU Institutions
Authors: Gad Nikolai , Heldt Eugénia C. , Csehi Robert 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHow do Eurosceptic parties position themselves regarding individual European Union (EU) institutions? Using Euromanifesto data from 1979 to 2019, this study addresses this question by disaggregating the attitudes of party families towards separate intergovernmental and supranational EU institutions. It focuses on the relationship between the identities of radical left‐ and right‐wing parties and Euroscepticism. The findings reveal that post‐communist parties are more sceptical of intergovernmental institutions than nationalist parties, whilst nationalist parties are more sceptical of supranational institutions. Despite widespread Euroscepticism in both nationalist and post‐communist party families, nationalist parties' attitudes towards intergovernmental institutions align with those of other party families. In contrast, post‐communist parties support the transfer of more competences to the European Parliament but are sceptical of intergovernmental institutions. These results suggest that foundational party identities influence party‐based Euroscepticism, which has implications for the EU's handling of increasing Euroscepticism.
Placental expression of GLUT‐1, GLUT‐3, and GLUT‐4 mRNA and transcriptome profiling in pregnant women with diabetes
Authors: Sibiak Rafal , Gutaj Pawel , Mantaj Urszula , Adamczak Lukasz , Blatkiewicz Malgorzata , Rucinski Marcin , Wender‐Ozegowska Ewa 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionPlacental glucose transport is regulated by glucose transporter proteins (GLUTs). The study aimed to examine placental expression of GLUT‐1, GLUT‐3, and GLUT‐4 mRNA in patients with type 1 diabetes, early gestational diabetes (eGDM), and healthy controls, and to investigate correlations between GLUTs expression and clinical parameters. Additionally, we compared placental transcriptome profiles in recruited subgroups.Materials and MethodsWe recruited 59 pregnant women: 23 with type 1 diabetes, 17 with eGDM, and 19 controls. Patients with diabetes attended follow‐up visits at each trimester. Transcriptome studies were performed in 4 patients per subgroup.ResultsThe mean age was similar across all subgroups. eGDM patients had significantly higher BMI and were predominantly obese. We observed a significant 2‐fold (P = 0.009) decrease in placental GLUT‐3 mRNA expression in the type 1 diabetes and eGDM groups. GLUT‐4 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the eGDM group compared to type 1 diabetes (3‐fold) and controls (6‐fold) (P = 0.007). There was a significant negative correlation between GLUT‐3 (R = −0.29) and GLUT‐4 (R = −0.27) mRNA expression and neonatal birth weight. GLUT‐4 expression was negatively correlated with 1st trimester HbA1c (R = −0.72) and OGTT 120′ (R = −0.82) results in eGDM patients, and 3rd trimester glycemic variability (R = −0.49) in type 1 diabetes. Microarray analysis revealed significant transcriptomic changes, with 45 down‐regulated and 365 up‐regulated genes in type 1 diabetes, and 21 significant changes in eGDM.ConclusionsPlacental samples from patients with diabetes exhibit changes in GLUTs expression, which correlates with neonatal growth and several glycemic parameters. Additionally, multiple changes in transcriptomic profiles are observed in hyperglycemic patients.
Large Language Models in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ren Yaxuan , Luo Xufei , Wang Ye , Li Haodong , Zhang Hairong , Li Zeming , Lai Honghao , Li Xuanlin , Ge Long , ESTILL Janne , Zhang Lu , Yang Shu , Chen Yaolong , Wen Chengping , Bian Zhaoxiang ,   ADVANCED Working Group
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe application of large language models (LLMs) in medicine has received increasing attention, showing significant potential in teaching, research, and clinical practice, especially in knowledge extraction, management, and understanding. However, the use of LLMs in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has not been thoroughly studied. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the status and challenges of LLM applications in TCM.MethodsA systematic search of five electronic databases and Google Scholar was conducted between November 2022 and April 2024, using the Arksey and O'Malley five‐stage framework to identify relevant studies. Data from eligible studies were comprehensively extracted and organized to describe LLM applications in TCM and assess their performance accuracy.ResultsA total of 29 studies were identified: 24 peer‐reviewed articles, 1 review, and 4 preprints. Two core application areas were found: the extraction, management, and understanding of TCM knowledge, and assisted diagnosis and treatment. LLMs developed specifically for TCM achieved 70% accuracy in the TCM Practitioner Exam, while general‐purpose Chinese LLMs achieved 60% accuracy. Common international LLMs did not pass the exam. Models like EpidemicCHAT and MedChatZH, trained on customized TCM corpora, outperformed general LLMs in TCM consultation.ConclusionDespite their potential, LLMs in TCM face challenges such as data quality and security issues, the specificity and complexity of TCM data, and the nonquantitative nature of TCM diagnosis and treatment. Future efforts should focus on interdisciplinary talent cultivation, enhanced data standardization and protection, and exploring LLM potential in multimodal interaction and intelligent diagnosis and treatment.
Machine‐Learning‐Based Spectral Modeling: A Biomimetic Guide for Enhancing Esthetics
Authors: Herrera L. J. , Ghinea R. , Perez M. M. , Paravina R. D. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo provide guidelines and means for optimal coverage and distribution of computer models with 1–10 clusters, designed based on an in vivo extensive dental colorimetric database and compare the findings with some reputable shade guides.Materials and MethodsThe Fuzzy C‐Means (FCM) algorithm was used to optimize the tab position in the CIELAB color space, while MATLAB Fuzzy Logic was used to implement the codes. A minimization process was performed to fine‐tune the cluster centers, minimizing Coverage Error (CE00) and Maximum Error (ME00). Spectral reconstruction was performed, and the results were compared with the corresponding data for VITA classical A1–D4 (VC), Linearguide 3D‐Master (LG), and Bleachedguide 3D‐Master (BG) shade guide. Paired t‐test was employed to assess the significance of CE00 differences.ResultsCE00 and ME00 ranges for 1‐to‐10‐tab models were 3.8 (14.2) to 1.7 (4.3), while the corresponding values for shade guides were 3.1 (9.1) for VC, 2.3 (6.0) for LG, and 2.9 (9.3) for BG. Hence, the 4‐tab‐model with CE00 of 2.2 and ME00 of 7.1, outperformed CE00 of LG (the lowest/best CE00 among shade guides), while the 6‐tab‐model, with CE00 of 2.0 and ME00 of 5.6, outperformed its ME00. A paired t‐test confirmed that increasing the number of tabs models resulted in significant CE improvement in all cases (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsShade guide models with only 4 to 6 tabs, optimized using computational techniques, outperformed physical dental shade guides tested, exhibiting significantly lower (better) Coverage Error and Maximum Error.Clinical SignificanceGiven that the spectral modeling was performed on an extensive in vivo database of natural teeth, this approach was validated as a biomimetic guide for shade guides and corresponding materials of the future, offering a possibility for better shade matching with fewer shades/shade tabs.
Ontogenetic change in body shape for white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in Australian waters
Authors: Hunt Emily , Bradford Russell W. , Booth David J. , Doak Cameron , Patterson Toby A. , Peddemors Victor M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe analysis of how biological shape changes across ontogeny can provide us with valuable information on how species adapt behaviorally, physiologically, and ecologically. The white shark Carcharodon carcharias is one of the largest and most widely distributed apex predators globally, yet an understanding of ontogenetic changes in body shape and relative scaling of length and weight measures is limited, especially in relation to foraging ecology. Through analysis of a suite of shape‐related metrics, we identified ontogenetic patterns of scaling throughout development. Isometric growth was exhibited for most metrics, failing to show a significant deviation from an isometric slope of 1.0 for length–length relationships, and 3.0 for weight–length relationships. The most notable difference from this trend was the negative allometric growth observed for the upper caudal‐fin lobe length, trunk length, and the mouth length. The surface area of the fins also presented a strong, positive relationship with precaudal length (PCL) and the girth at the pectoral fin. Negative allometric growth was exhibited for three of the fins (pectoral, upper caudal fin, and lower caudal fin) against PCL, exhibiting a significant deviation from the expected isometric growth of 2.0 for area–length relationships. There were no significant differences in morphometric relationships between geographic regions within Australia that samples were collected from. No differences between the sexes were identified; however, this may be an artifact of the lack of mature animal samples. Conversely, life stage was found to have a significant effect on the girth–length and weight–length relationships. The development of regression equations for morphometric measures allows the assessment of white shark body condition and may serve as an assessment tool to understand the potential impacts of human‐induced environmental change on white sharks.
Trophic niche variation driven by water level fluctuations facilitates the co‐occurrence of invasive tilapia species in a subtropical reservoir in China
Authors: Yang Lei , Liao Chuansong , Ji Xiang , Chen Xuemei , Guo Mingde , Zhang Guilin , Neves Mayara Pereira , Wang Yuanqing , Zhang Hang , Guo Chuanbo , Liu Jiashou 
Published: December 2024

AbstractInvestigating how multiple invasive fish species with similar ecological traits respond to different environmental conditions is crucial to understanding their successful invasion and coexistence. Here, we used stomach content analysis and stable isotope analysis to analyse the effects of water level fluctuation on the trophic niche plasticity of three dominant co‐occurring invasive tilapia species (Coptodon zillii, Sarotherodon galilaeus, and Oreochromis niloticus) in the Shanmei Reservoir, southern China. We found that the tilapia species exhibited an iliophagous habit with dietary variations between the high‐water (HW) and low‐water (LW) level periods. During the LW period, tilapia fishes primarily fed on periphytic algae, whereas during the HW period, they reduced their consumption of epiphytic algae and increased their intake of plant remains. Biofilms were the most assimilated resource by the species during the LW period, whereas riparian plants dominated during the HW period. The niche width and niche overlap of the three tilapia species were significantly greater in the HW period than in the LW period. However, their trophic positions were not significantly affected by water level fluctuations. Our findings indicate that temporal variation in diet composition and trophic niche, driven by water level fluctuations, may favor food resource partitioning and facilitate the coexistence of these invasive tilapia species.
Gill Health in Fish Farmed in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS): A Review
Authors: Bjørgen Håvard , Koppang Erling Olaf , Nowak Barbara F. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTRecirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) have been proposed as the future of aquaculture, because they can be used anywhere regardless of access to water, they offer high level of control over farming environment, including biosecurity, and are considered to be sustainable. However, despite of continuous development, there can be still issues with water quality affecting gill health of fish farmed in these systems. This review provides an overview of fish gill structure and gill immune response, and discusses the known impacts of RAS on gill health. Several experimental studies have inadequately reported conditions, particularly water quality, making it difficult to determine if the observed effects were due to water quality issues or RAS system itself. It is crucial for studies investigating the impact of RAS on fish to report water quality during the study. Furthermore, assessments of RAS effects on gill health should include sufficient independent replicates and flow through controls using a common water source. Various methods have been used to assess gill health in RAS, including gill histology, presence of pathogens, gene expression in the gills and gill microbiome analysis. Differences in gill health in fish from RAS and a flow through system have been shown for a number of freshwater and marine fish species. However, these results have been inconsistent across studies, and some results have been challenging to interpret as indicators of gill health. Holistic studies including a number of different methods to assess fish gills would give more conclusive results. More research is needed, in particular, on brackish and marine RAS, to fully understand their impacts on gill health.
Evaluating the Clinical Applicability of Multifrequency Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Nutritional Status Prediction in Hospitalized Persons With Severe Motor and Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Yano Nozomu , Ohwatashi Akihiko , Iwashita Daishi 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPersons with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) have difficulty using general nutritional assessments in the elderly and other populations because of their physical characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical utility of body composition, which has been suggested to be related to biochemical tests in persons with SMID.MethodsWe calculated cutoff values of body composition predicting malnutrition and compared the usage of peripheral parenteral nutrition for the two groups divided by each body composition cutoff value. We also compared body composition at the baseline between nonsurvivors and survivors.ResultsOnly group comparisons based on skeletal muscle ratio and extracellular water to total body water (ECW/TBW) cutoffs showed significant differences in the usage of peripheral parenteral nutrition. Nonsurvivors had significantly higher ECW/TBW than survivors at the baseline.ConclusionsIn persons with SMID, skeletal muscle ratio and ECW/TBW measured using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance were associated with biochemical indices and ill health. Furthermore, ECW/TBW was also associated with mortality, suggesting that ECW/TBW is a significant measure for nutritional assessment in clinical practice.
Comparing Safety and Accuracy of Standardised Versus Subjective Triage Code Assignment by Nurses: A Multicenter Observational Simulated Study
Authors: Zaboli Arian , Brigo Francesco , Brigiari Gloria , Massar Magdalena , Magnarelli Gabriele , Pfeifer Norbert , Garbin Tiziano , Clauser Patrick , Sibilio Serena , Turcato Gianni 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundStandardised triage systems have been in place for decades with minor modifications, while nurses' skills and knowledge have significantly advanced.AimTo determine whether nurses' clinical expertise outperforms triage systems in simulated clinical cases.DesignA multicenter simulated observational study.MethodsThe study was conducted from January 1, 2024 to March 31, 2024, in four Italian emergency departments, enrolling triage‐performing nurses. Thirty clinical cases, based on real patients representing daily emergency department influx, were reconstructed. The primary outcome was the agreement between the triage code assigned by the Manchester Triage System and the code assigned based on clinical expertise. The secondary outcome compared the predictive ability of the codes assigned by nurses regarding clinical outcomes, such as death within 72 h, the need for hospitalisation, and the need for life‐saving intervention. The study was reported in accordance with the STROBE statement.ResultsSeventy‐seven triage nurses completed the 30 vignettes. The agreement between the MTS‐assigned code and the clinical expertise triage reported a Cohen's kappa of 0.576 (95% CI: 0.564–0.598). For death within 72 h, the clinical expertise code reported better results than the Manchester Triage System. For life‐saving interventions, the Manchester Triage System reported a lower performance than clinical expertise. The variability in triage code assignment was higher for clinical expertise compared to the Manchester Triage System.ConclusionsTriage codes assigned by nurses based on clinical expertise perform better in terms of clinical outcomes, suggesting a need to update triage systems to incorporate nurses' knowledge and skills. However, standardised triage systems should be maintained to reduce variability and ensure consistent patient classification.Reporting MethodThe study was conducted and reported according to the STROBE statement.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.