bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children in the Hebrew Bible: A field in growth
Authors: Flynn Shawn W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe field/topic of children in the Hebrew Bible has received growing attention in the past few years. Just the amount of monograph length studies in this short period of time shows the developing interest. This brief essay explores some origins and backgrounds of how the topic emerged, proposes its two major current forms, discusses some current debates in the field, and then extracts interpretive fruits from this field that might benefit Hebrew Bible studies in general and perhaps even inform some related disciplines. It also suggests some ways the field may move forward and what to watch out for from this field in the coming years. Given the amount done on this topic in recent years, the essay primarily focuses on monograph length studies but informs readers of annotated bibliographies that contain relevant articles.
Integrating community service learning in undergraduate dental education: A controlled trial in a residential facility for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Phlypo Inès , De Tobel Jannick , Marks Luc , De Visschere Luc , Koole Sebastiaan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsThe present report describes an oral health promotion project in a residential facility for people with intellectual disabilities as a strategy to implement community service learning in undergraduate dental education.Methods and ResultsTwo undergraduate students developed a project aimed to improve the oral health in residents with intellectual disabilities by educating caregivers. The impact was investigated by a pretest–posttest design, evaluating residents’ plaque and gingival indexes and caregivers’ knowledge, behavior, attitude, and self‐efficacy. Findings demonstrated that within a semester, it was possible for students to obtain a limited but positive impact on the local community.Discussion and ConclusionBased on the experiences at Ghent University, the following guidelines were suggested to implement service learning in a dental curriculum that renders both a positive impact on student learning and the local community : (1) integrate community service learning in multiple years in the curriculum; (2) use a stepwise approach from theory to exercises to extramural experiences; (3) create a partnership with a local organization; (4) organize long‐term projects and annual follow‐up to increase the impact; (5) involve supervisors from both the university and the local organization; and (6) establish an evidence based approach to benefit the quality of projects and to facilitate students to develop research competences.
Dry weight targeting: The art and science of conventional hemodialysis
Authors: Ohashi Yasushi , Sakai Ken , Hase Hiroki , Joki Nobuhiko 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFluid volume overload is common and is associated with adverse outcomes in hemodialysis patients. Practicing physicians individually manage fluid volume balance in their dialysis patients according to blood pressure, interdialytic weight gain, cardiac function, nutritional status, and other comorbidities. However, accurate assessment of fluid volume status remains a concern. Indicators of dry weight target have been explored further with newer concepts and technologies. In general, total body water comprises approximately 50%‐60% of adult body weight (range, 45%‐75%), and water comprises 73.3% of lean body mass. The standard hydration status between intracellular water and extracellular water is maintained at a ratio of 62:38 in healthy adults, which, however, is influenced universally by body cell volume driven by age and muscle mass. Fluid volume imbalance in dialysis patients also is characterized primarily by decreased body cell mass associated with aging and muscle attenuation, as well as excess extracellular water content associated with sodium retention, which may be associated with the reserve capacity for volume overload. Indeed, dialysis patients with a leaner body mass have a higher prevalence of hypertension, poorer hypertension control, and greater left ventricular hypertrophy. Understanding of these body composition changes by aging and sarcopenia can aid clinical decision making in the dry weight assessments in dialysis patients. Advising patients with consistently high interdialytic weight gain to practice salt restriction and providing appropriate nutritional support for malnourished patients with downward trajectory in their dry weight would be of great help to achieve optimal fluid volume status.
Motivational characteristics and resistance training in older adults: A randomized controlled trial and 1‐year follow‐up
Authors: Kekäläinen T. , Kokko K. , Tammelin T. , Sipilä S. , Walker S. 
Published: June 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 9‐month supervised resistance training intervention on motivational and volitional characteristics related to exercise, and whether the absolute level and/or intervention‐induced change in these characteristics predict self‐directed continuation of resistance training 1 year after the intervention. Community dwelling older adults aged 65‐75, who did not fulfill physical activity recommendations, were randomized into resistance training intervention groups: training once‐ (n = 26), twice‐ (n = 27), three‐times‐a‐week (n = 28) or non‐training control group (n = 25). Training groups participated in supervised resistance training for 9 months: during months 1‐3 all groups trained twice‐a‐week and then with allocated frequencies during months 4‐9. Exercise‐related motivation, self‐efficacy, and planning were measured with questionnaires at baseline, month‐3 and month‐9. The continuance of resistance training was determined by interviews 6 and 12 months after the end of the intervention. The intervention improved action and coping planning as well as intrinsic motivation (group × time P < .05). During 1‐year follow‐up, 54% of participants did not continue self‐directed regular resistance training, 22% continued regular resistance training once‐a‐week, and 24% twice‐a‐week. Increases in exercise self‐efficacy and intrinsic motivation related to training during the intervention predicted continuation of resistance training twice‐a‐week. Resistance training improved exercise‐related motivational and volitional characteristics in older adults. These improvements were linked to continuing resistance training 1 year after the supervised intervention. The role of these characteristics should be taken into account when promoting long‐term resistance training participation among older adults.
Correlation between uniaxial ratcheting and magnetic response under cyclic loadings in X80 pipeline steel
Authors: Bao Sheng , Gu Yibin , Hu Shengnan , Fu Meili , Lou Huangjie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective of this research is to explore the correlation between uniaxial ratcheting behaviour and magnetic response under asymmetrical cyclic stressing in X80 pipeline steel. The magnetic field variations from cycle to cycle were recorded simultaneously during ratcheting. Analysis made in the present work shows that the magnetic hysteresis loop evolves systematically with the number of cycles in terms of its shape and position. The most prominent result here is that the magnetic field under a certain stress first decreases sharply in the preliminary stage of ratcheting, followed by a stable decreasing period with an approximately linear slope. Furthermore, it can be concluded that ratcheting influences the changes in magnetic field more significantly under tensile stress than compressive stress. The underlying reason of the strong non‐linearity of the magnetic field evolution was discussed.
Consequences of prenatal geophagy for maternal prenatal health, risk of childhood geophagy and child psychomotor development
Authors: Mireku Michael O. , Davidson Leslie L. , Zoumenou Romeo , Massougbodji Achille , Cot Michel , Bodeau‐Livinec Florence 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between prenatal geophagy, maternal prenatal haematological indices, malaria, helminth infections and cognitive and motor development among offspring.MethodsAt least a year after delivery, 552 of 863 HIV‐negative mothers with singleton births who completed a clinical trial comparing the efficacy of sulfadoxine‐pyrimethamine and mefloquine during pregnancy in Allada, Benin, responded to a nutrition questionnaire including their geophagous habits during pregnancy. During the clinical trial, helminth infection, malaria, haemoglobin and ferritin concentrations were assessed at 1st and 2nd antenatal care visits (ANV) and at delivery. After the first ANV, women were administered daily iron and folic acid supplements until three what? post‐delivery. Singleton children were assessed for cognitive function at age 1 year using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning.ResultsThe prevalence of geophagy during pregnancy was 31.9%. Pregnant women reporting geophagy were more likely to be anaemic (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI [1.1, 3.4]) at their first ANV if they reported geophagy at the first trimester. Overall, prenatal geophagy was not associated with maternal haematological indices, malaria or helminth infections, but geophagy during the third trimester and throughout pregnancy was associated with poor motor function (AOR = −3.8, 95% CI [−6.9, −0.6]) and increased odds of geophagous behaviour in early childhood, respectively.ConclusionsPrenatal geophagy is not associated with haematological indices in the presence of micronutrient supplementation. However, it may be associated with poor child motor function and infant geophagy. Geophagy should be screened early in pregnancy.
Targeting plant DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE with antifolates and mechanisms for genetic resistance
Authors: Corral Maxime G. , Haywood Joel , Stehl Luca H. , Stubbs Keith A. , Murcha Monika W. , Mylne Joshua S. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe folate biosynthetic pathway and its key enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is a popular target for drug development due to its essential role in the synthesis of DNA precursors and some amino acids. Despite its importance, little is known about plant DHFRs, which, like the enzymes from the malarial parasite Plasmodium, are bifunctional, possessing DHFR and thymidylate synthase (TS) domains. Here using genetic knockout lines we confirmed that either DHFR‐TS1 or DHFR‐TS2 (but not DHFR‐TS3) was essential for seed development. Screening mutated Arabidopsis thaliana seeds for resistance to antimalarial DHFR‐inhibitor drugs pyrimethamine and cycloguanil identified causal lesions in DHFR‐TS1 and DHFR‐TS2, respectively, near the predicted substrate‐binding site. The different drug resistance profiles for the plants, enabled by the G137D mutation in DHFR‐TS1 and the A71V mutation in DHFR‐TS2, were consistent with biochemical studies using recombinant proteins and could be explained by structural models. These findings provide a great improvement in our understanding of plant DHFR‐TS and suggest how plant‐specific inhibitors might be developed, as DHFR is not currently targeted by commercial herbicides.
Lacan, Laclau, and the Impossibility of Free Trade
Authors: Owen Thomas 
Published: June 2018

This paper applies Lacan’s ‘negative ontology’ to mediated representations of ‘free trade’, and, in particular, the intellectual property aspects of free trade agreements. More specifically, the paper adopts Lacan’s conception of the ‘Real’ as radically inaccessible, and Laclau’s conception of discourses as contingent and always-already dislocated, to examine how the mediated objects of ‘free trade’ and intellectual property are unfixed, paradoxical, and perpetually haunted by their negative outsides. Free trade agreements and intellectual property protections are key nodal points in contemporary political economy. However, the historic elaboration of ‘free trade’ reveals the internal incoherence of an object experiencing continued rupture, suture, and contingent impossibility. This paper deploys a historico-contextual analysis of patent protection and free trade agreements to illustrate such contingency. It then compares Lacanian negative ontology to the positive realism of mainstream journalism, argues such realism is ill-equipped to accurately capture contingency, and, finally, suggests alternative ways journalism may engage with negatively constituted social phenomena.
Diversity in Reporting? A Study of the News coverage of the 2016 New Zealand Local Body Elections
Authors: Baker Sarah , Owen Thomas , Rupar Verica , Myllylahti Merja , Devadas Vijay , Craig Geoffrey , Berti Carlo 
Published: June 2018

This study offers an analysis of print news media coverage of the 2016 New Zealand Local Body elections, focusing on reportage around issues of diversity. This study builds upon a prior project by the Media Observatory group at Auckland University of Technology of the 2014 New Zealand General election that also examined issues of diversity. The function of news media in democratic societies is crucial. For a nation-state that is as cosmopolitan and diverse as New Zealand, issues of inclusivity and representation are critical considerations for news media. This study employs content analysis and examined news coverage of local body elections and analysed 198 Local Elections newspaper articles from the eight weeks prior to 8 October 2016 in one nationwide newspaper and four Auckland community newspapers. It focuses on The New Zealand Herald, East & Bays Courier, Manukau Courier, North Shore Times, Central Leader and the Western Leader. The analysis of the 2016 Local Election news coverage demonstrates a predominant focus on the mayoral candidates to the detriment of other aspects of local election voting, and a focus on campaign strategy over social issues impacting the electorate. The Local Election coverage placed particularly strong focus on “youth” as a social group in contrast to other classified groups such as Māori, Asians, Pacific Islanders, the elderly, and dependents. The Local Election coverage also represented a diversity of social issues, from housing, transport, to business and economy, environment, and law and order. The coverage provided ample space for words and perspectives from the electoral front-runners, local government representatives, and for public voices but it also paid minimal attention to non-mayoral voting categories, non-front runner candidates, and non-Auckland geographical locations, although this latter point was perhaps unsurprising, given the newspapers sampled in the study.
New Land, New Opportunities, New Language: Māori Television and Migrants Learning Te Reo
Authors: Nemec Susan 
Published: June 2018

Te reo Māori is one of the official languages of New Zealand. Many migrants from non-English speaking nations, however, are surprised at the monolingualism of New Zealand and the apparent tokenism in use of te reo. Often migrants arrive ready to acquire a level of te reo Māori because of their own multilingual background. This paper explores the extent to which Māori Television provides cultural resources for migrants to increase te reo skills and vocabulary and to engender an interest for further engagement with te reo Māori, and suggests that engaging in learning te reo contributes to Māori Television’s language revitalisation outcomes. Improved understanding of the distinctive use of te reo Māori within the everyday lexicon of New Zealand English contributed to a sense of belonging for many of the participants. All of these findings suggest the level of support migrants can offer Māori language revitalisation initiatives may be unrecognised.
A tetrapod fauna from within the Devonian Antarctic Circle
Authors: Gess Robert , Ahlberg Per Erik 
Published: June 2018

Out of Antarctica
When we think of Devonian tetrapods, the ancestors of all modern vertebrates, we tend to picture amphibian-like creatures emerging from the water into a wet tropical forest or swamp. Indeed, all previously described specimens of this group have been recovered from the tropics. Gess and Ahlberg now describe two fossil tetrapods from Devonian Antarctica. Thus, the distribution of tetrapods may have been global, which encourages us to rethink the environments in which this important group was shaped.

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Prospective observational study of point-of-care ultrasound for diagnosing pneumonia
Authors: Lissaman Claire , Kanjanauptom Panida , Ong Cyril , Tessaro Mark , Long Elliot , O’Brien Adam 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesThe clinical diagnosis of pneumonia lacks specificity and may lead to antibiotic overuse, whereas radiological diagnoses can lack sensitivity. Point-of-care lung ultrasound is an emerging diagnostic tool. There are limited prospective data, however, on the accuracy of sonologists in the paediatric emergency department setting. We aimed to test the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for pneumonia using chest radiograph (CR) as the reference standard.MethodsThis prospective observational cohort study in a paediatric emergency department enrolled children aged 1 month to <18 years, who had a CR ordered for possible pneumonia. Lung ultrasounds were performed by two blinded sonologists with focused training. Sonographic pneumonia was defined as lung consolidation with air bronchograms. Radiograph and ultrasound results both required agreement between two readers, with final results determined by an arbiter in cases of disagreement. Patient management was decided by treating clinicians who were blinded to lung ultrasound results. Follow-up was performed by phone and medical record review to obtain final diagnosis and antibiotic use.ResultsOf 97 included patients, CR was positive for pneumonia in 44/97 (45%) and lung ultrasound was positive in 57/97 (59%). Ultrasound sensitivity was 91% (95% CI 78% to 98%) and specificity was 68% (95% CI 54% to 80%). Ultrasound results displayed greater consistency with CR and patient outcomes when sonographic consolidation exceeded 1 cm. Thirteen of 57 patients with sonographic consolidation improved without antibiotics.ConclusionLung ultrasound may have a role as first-line imaging in patients with possible pneumonia, with higher specificity for consolidations exceeding 1 cm.Trial registration numberACTRN12616000361404, http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12616000361404.aspx
Peribiliary cysts: a systematic review and proposal of a classification framework
Authors: Bazerbachi Fateh , Haffar Samir , Sugihara Takaaki , Mounajjed Taofic M , Takahashi Naoki , Murad Mohammad Hassan , Abu Dayyeh Barham K 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivePeribiliary cysts are usually benign, although severe complications and mortality may occur, and they may be confounded with other diseases. No classification delineating their different characteristics exists.DesignWe performed a systematic review of the frequency and clinical manifestations of peribiliary cysts. Two reviewers identified studies after searching multiple databases on 2 August 2017.ResultsThese cysts were prevalent in cirrhosis (9%). A total of 135 patients were reported in 72 papers with sufficient clinical data (10 countries, 65% from Japan, median age 63 years (range: 4–88), and 80% were males). Symptoms were present in 70%. Misdiagnosis occurred in 40%, and 33% underwent therapeutic misadventures. Cysts were solitary in 10%. Obstructive features and cholangitis were observed in 36% and 12.5%, respectively. Cysts progression was observed in 37.5% over a median of 18 months. Mortality was 24%, mostly due to cirrhosis. A classification framework is proposed, wherein type I includes hepatic, type II extrahepatic and type III mixed hepatic and extrahepatic cysts, each having distinct features. Specifically, type II was more frequent in females, solitary, without cirrhosis, presenting with obstructive jaundice, more difficult to diagnose and required more surgical interventions (all p<0.05).ConclusionAlthough rarely studied in the literature, peribiliary cysts were frequent in studies designed to evaluate their prevalence, and were mostly asymptomatic. Inaccurate diagnosis, therapeutic misadventures, cysts progression and cysts-related complications are frequent. In a novel classification framework based on location, extrahepatic peribiliary cysts have distinct characteristics and require a special approach for diagnosis and management.
Accidentally-on-purpose: findings from a qualitative study exploring pregnancy intention and long-acting reversible contraceptive use
Authors: Coombe Jacqueline , Harris Melissa L , Loxton Deborah 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundAlthough it is known that pregnancy intention impacts contraceptive use, there has been little exploration into the relationship between pregnancy intention and long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) non-use in the Australian context.MethodsSemi-structured telephone interviews with a sample of participants from the Contraceptive Use, Pregnancy Intention and Decisions (CUPID) Study were conducted in 2016.ResultsOf the 59 women contacted, 15 participated in an interview. One theme arising from these interviews is reported here. Results from the analysis suggest that women with ambivalent or unclear plans toward pregnancy were less likely to perceive LARC as a suitable method for them. Conversely, women who clearly intended to avoid pregnancy and who had clear plans for future pregnancy valued these methods, and often framed their future plans for pregnancy within the context of their chosen LARC.ConclusionsFindings presented demonstrated the complex relationship between pregnancy intention and contraceptive use. In particular, this study provided insight into the complex notion of pregnancy ambivalence. Dichotomous definitions of pregnancy as intended or unintended were found to be inadequate in encapsulating actual reproductive experiences.
EvoSTAR2018
Authors: O'Reilly Una-May 
Published: June 2018

EvoStar is the Leading European Event on Bio-Inspired Computation. This year it will take place in Parma, Italy from April 4th to 6th. EvoStar 2018 consists of four co-located conferences:
1. EuroGP 21st European Conference on Genetic Programming
2. EvoCOP 18th European Conference on Evolutionary Computation in Combinatorial Optimisation
3. EvoMUSART 7th International Conference (and 13th European event) on Evolutionary and Biologically Inspired Music, Sound, Art and Design
4. EvoApplications 21st European Conference on the Applications of Evolutionary and bio-inspired Computation including several tracks
Exertional dyspnea and operating lung volumes in asthma
Authors: Moore Linn E. , Brotto Andrew R. , Phillips Devin B. , Bhutani Mohit , Stickland Michael K. 
Published: June 2018

Dyspnea has been reported to be a main contributor to exercise avoidance in asthma. While traditional markers of ventilation do not explain the heightened dyspnea during exercise in patients with asthma, this study proposed that exertional dyspnea in asthma was due to high-operating lung volumes, which may be improved with a short-acting β2-agonist. On two separate days, 16 patients with asthma and 16 controls completed a lung function test and incremental exercise tests to exhaustion. On one of the days (order randomized), 400 µg salbutamol was administered before exercise. Inspiratory capacity (IC), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and dyspnea (modified Borg scale) were evaluated throughout exercise. Compared with controls, patients with asthma reported greater dyspnea at the same absolute submaximal workloads. Furthermore, patients with asthma demonstrated altered breathing responses to exercise, characterized by reduced IC and IRV throughout exercise compared with controls. The reduced IRV was associated with increased dyspnea in patients with asthma. Salbutamol did not affect dyspnea or operating lung volumes in either group. The increased perception of dyspnea during incremental exercise in patients with asthma appears to be secondary to a reduction in IRV, which is unaffected by an inhaled β2-agonist. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Increased exertional dyspnea in asthma appears to be due to high operating lung volumes and is not affected by salbutamol.