bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transition Metal-Based Prodrugs for Anticancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Phillips Ana M.F. , Pombeiro Armando J.L. 
Published: December 2018

:Transition metal complexes, of which the platinum(II) complex cisplatin is an example, have been used in medicine to treat cancer for more than 40 years. Although many successes have been achieved, there are problems associated with the use of these drugs, such as side effects and drug resistance. Converting them into prodrugs, to make them more inert, so that they can travel to the tumour site unchanged and release the drug in its active form only there, is a strategy which is the subject of much research nowadays. The new prodrugs may be activated and release the cytotoxic agent by differences in oxygen concentration or in pH, by the action of overexpressed enzymes, by differences in metabolic rates, etc., which characteristically distinguish cancer cells from normal ones, or even by the input of radiation, which can be visible light. Converting a metal complex into a prodrug may also be used to improve its pharmacological properties. In some cases, the metal complex is a carrier which transports the active drug as a ligand. Some platinum prodrugs have reached clinical trials. So far platinum, ruthenium and cobalt have been the most studied metals. This review presents the recent developments in this area, including the types of complexes used, the mechanisms of drug action and in some cases the techniques applied to monitor drug delivery to cells.
Correlation of Salusin Beta with hs-CRP and ADMA in Hypertensive Children and Adolescents
Authors: Kołakowska Urszula , Kuroczycka-Saniutycz Elżbieta , Olański Witold , Wasilewska Anna 
Published: December 2018

Purpose:
The emerging evidence has recently shown an evident dependence between recently identified
salusin peptides and atherosclerosis, and their important roles as endogenous modulators of atherogenesis. It
was reported that the development of atherosclerosis could also be affected by endogenous salusin-
β overproduction in vascular lesions.

Materials/Methods:

This prospective cohort study was conducted in two groups of children: HT – 58 patients
with essential hypertension (HT); R - 30 participants with white-coat HT (R). We analysed the relationship between
serum salusin- α and salusin- β levels and ADMA, SDMA and hs- CRP in children and adolescents with
essential hypertension.

Results:
Serum level of salusin- ɑ in each sample was under the sensitivity of method. Serum level of salusin-β
was statistically significantly higher in hypertension group when compared to the reference group (p<0.05) and
correlated positively with serum hs-CRP [rho=0.47; p<0.01] and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)
[rho=0.32; p<0.05]. There was no significant association between salusin-β and symmetric dimethylarginine
(SDMA) [rho=0.27; p>0.05].

Conclusion:
This preliminary study showed that the concentration of salusin-β is associated with circulating level
of hs-CRP and ADMA in teenagers with hypertension. Further studies are needed to find out if salusin-β levels
may indicate for endothelial dysfunction and form the basis for the development of new therapeutic agent.
HOXA4-Dependent Transcriptional Activation of AXL Promotes Cisplatin- Resistance in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Authors: Yu Shuo , Ren Hui , Li Yang , Liang Xuan , Ning Qian , Chen Xue , Chen Mingwei , Hu Tinghua 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Lung cancer is one of the most leading causes of cancer-related deaths in adults worldwide.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), which comprises 80 to 85% of all lung cancers, is the most lethal subtype of
lung cancer with a 5-year survival of less than 13%. In this study, we identified a poorly-studied kinase PDK4 as the
most up-regulated kinase encoding gene in Cisplatin resistant lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods:
In vitro cell viability assay and in vivo tumor xenograft assay were used in the detection of cell proliferation.
RNA isolation, quantitative Real-Time PCR, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry were used to investigate
the expression of RNA and protein. Lentivirus infection was used to regulate gene expression. Luciferase assays
were used to monitor EPAS1 promoter activity.

Results:
In vivo PDK4 expression was elevated in a Cisplatin-resistant population of lung adenocarcinoma cells,
PDK4-dependent Cisplatin-resistance promotes tumor growth of lung adenocarcinoma in vivo and in vitro, clinically
PDK4 expression was associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients, mechanically PDK4 promoted
cell growth and Cisplatin-resistance of lung adenocarcinoma via transcriptional regulation of endothelial PAS
domain-containing protein 1 (EPAS1).

Conclusion:
PDK4 is the most up-regulated kinase encoding gene in Cisplatin resistant lung adenocarcinoma and
PDK4-dependent Cisplatin-resistance promotes tumor growth of lung adenocarcinoma mainly through transcriptional
regulation of EPAS1. Enriched PDK4 expression was correlated with the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients,
indicating that PDK4 could be a potential therapeutic target for Cisplatin-resistant lung adenocarcinoma.
Hubungan kemampuan manajerial kepala satuan PAUD dan self-efficacy guru dengan kinerja guru di Kecamatan Bukit Kerman kaBupaten Kerinci Propinsi Jambi
Authors: Amanda Rizki Amanda , Suryono Yoyon 
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur hubungan kemampuan manajerial kepala satuan PAUD dan self-efficacy guru dengan kinerja guru PAUD. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh guru PAUD non-formal yang ada di Kecamatan Bukit Kerman yang berjumlah 59 guru. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh dimana populasi dijadikan sampel. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan angket yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli dan selanjutnya di uji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, regresi linear sederhana dan regresi linier ganda. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemampuan manajerial satuan PAUD dengan kinerja guru, (2) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara self-efficacy dengan kinerja guru, (3) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kemampuan manajerial kepala satuan PAUD dan self-efficacy guru secara simultan terhadap kinerja guru.Kata Kunci: Kemampuan manajerial, self-efficacy, kinerja guru THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPAL’S MANAGERIAL ABILITY AND TEACHER SELF-EFFICACY ON TEACHER’S PERFORMANCE OF EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION IN BUKIT KERMAN DISTRICT KERINCI REGENCYAbstractThis study aims to determine the relationship between the managerial ability of the principal of early childhood education and teacher self-efficacy and teacher’s performance. This study uses a quantitative approach. The sample of the research was all non-formal early childhood teachers in Bukit Kerman district, which amounted to 59 teachers. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling where the population was sampled. Data were collected using questionnaires that have been validated by experts and subsequently tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple linear regression and multiple linear regression and coefficient of determination calculation. The result of the test shows that: (1) there is a significant relationship between the managerial ability of principal of early childhood education and teacher’s performance, (2) there is a significant relationship between self-efficacy with teacher’s performance, and (3) there is a significant relationship between managerial ability of principal of early childhood education and teacher self-efficacy simultaneously on teacher performanceKeywords: Managerial ability, self-efficacy, teacher performance
AMERİKAN CEVİZ, AMERİKAN MEŞESİ VE KIRMIZI AMERİKAN MEŞESİ ODUNLARINDA RENK VE PARLAKLIK ÜZERİNE ISIL İŞLEMİN (THERMOWOOD METOT) ETKİSİ
Authors: AYATA Ümit , ÇAVUŞ Vedat 
Published: December 2018

Bu
çalışmada, ThermoWood yöntemine göre ısıl işlem görmüş ve görmemiş Amerikan ceviz (Juglans nigra), Amerikan meşesi (Quercus alba) ve kırmızı Amerikan meşesi (Quercus rubra) ağaç
türlerine ait ahşap örnekler üzerinde renk ve parlaklık değerlerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç
ile 212°C’de 1 saat ve 2 saat süreyle ısıl işlem görmüş ve ısıl işlem görmemiş ağaç
türlerinde renk parametreleri ile 20°, 60°, 85°’de yüzeye dik ve paralel
parlaklık değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre bütün ağaç türlerinde
toplam renk farkı (ΔE*) değerleri
birbirlerine çok yakın sonuçlar verdiği görülmüştür. Amerikan ceviz, Amerikan
meşesi ve kırmızı Amerikan meşesi ağaç türlerinde uygulanan ısıl işlem süresinin
artması ile L* ve b* değerlerinin azaldığı, toplam renk
farkı (ΔE*) değerlerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Amerikan meşesi ağacına
ait deney örneklerinde ısıl işlem sonrasında 20°’de yapılan paralel ve
dik parlaklık değerlerinin ve 60°’de yapılan paralel parlaklık değerlerinin azaldığı
tespit edilmiştir. Uygulanmış olan ısıl işlem sonrasında ahşap malzemeler
üzerinde renk ve parlaklık değerlerinin değiştiği görülmektedir.
METHOD DEVELOPMENT, VALIDATION AND STABILITY STUDIES FOR THE DETERMINATION OF LURASIDONE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY RP-HPLC
Authors: Thota Bhavani , Adepu Geetha Susmita , Galla Rajitha 
Published: December 2018

Objective: To develop a simple, rapid, sensitive, precise, accurate, economical and validated reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for the estimation of lurasidone hydrochloride in tablet dosage form.Methods: The chromatographic separation was carried out on a prontosil C18, AQ (100 mm×4.6mm, 3µm) column. A mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 3.0): acetonitrile (ACN) (55:45v/v) was used as a mobile phase. Flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and 10 μl injection volume was used for the assay. PDA detector was used and the detection wavelength was 230 nm. The retention time (RT) of lurasidone hydrochloride was found to be 4.505 ± 0.01 min. The method was validated according to the ICH guidelines.Results: The calibration curve for lurasidone hydrochloride was linear with correlation coefficient value 0.999 in the concentration range of 25-125%. Specificity, accuracy (% mean recovery, 99.08%), precision, detection limits, robustness (%RSD˂2) and system suitability were found to be within the limits. Degradation studies were performed under different stressed conditions and the results of degradation studies reveals that the developed method was stable.Conclusion: The developed method was simple, reliable, economical and stable and it can be applied for the routine quality control analysis of lurasidone hydrochloride in tablet dosage forms.
SISTEM PAKAR DIAGNOSA PENYAKIT JANTUNG KORONER DENGAN METODE PROBABILISTIC FUZZY DECISION TREE
Authors: Aulia Wizra 
Published: December 2018

<p><em>Di Indonesia, penyakit jantung koroner menempati posisi pertama sebagai penyakit yang paling banyak mengakibatkan kematian. Jika gejala penyakit jantung koroner dikenali sejak dini maka dapat dilakukan tindakan antisipasi. Diagnosa dilakukan berdasarkan 6 gejala penyakit jantung koroner yaitu sakit dada, tekanan darah tinggi, kolesterol, kadar gula darah, hasil EKG dan jumlah denjut jantung. Metode yang dipakai adalah Probabilistic Fuzzy Decision Tree (PFDT) dengan algoritma Probabilistic Fuzzy ID3. Hasil keakuratan sistem pakar diagnosa penyakit jantung koroner dengan metode PFDT mencapai 95%.</em><em></em></p><p><em>In Indonesia, coronary heart disease the first position as the disease that most resulted in death. If symptoms of coronary heart disease are recognized early on, anticipatory action may be taken. Diagnosis is based on 6 symptoms of coronary heart disease chest pain, high blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar, ECG results and </em>heartbeat<em>. The method used is Probabilistic Fuzzy Decision Tree (PFDT) with Probabilistic Fuzzy ID3 algorithm. The result of accuracy of expert system of diagnosis of coronary heart disease by PFDT method reached 95%.</em></p>
Quality of Life in University Students with Disabilities: Systematic Review / Calidad de vida en estudiantes universitarios con discapacidad: revisión sistemática
Authors: Ureña Rodríguez María Guadalupe , González Flores Cristina Jazmín , Meda Lara Rosa Martha 
Published: December 2018

The purpose of this systematic review was to identify the studies carried out through time referring to the quality of life of university students with disabilities, instruments used to measure it, as well as the setting where those were applied. The search was done through EBSCO, SAGE Journals, SCOPUS, and RedALyC databases, and studies from 1994 to 2016 were found. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) and quality assessment were used in the 6 selected papers. Studies reveal quality of life and higher education students with disabilities are a scarcely studied coupling which generates invisibility in academic terms.
Partnership of the USA and African Countries in the Fight Against Terrorism under the Administrations of J.W. Bush and Barack Obama
Authors: Magomedov D. S. 
Published: December 2018

The article examines the place of African countries in the US counter-terrorism strategy under the administrations of G.W. Bush and B. Obama. It is alleged that at the turn of the 2010-s the significance of this trend has increased due to the intensification of Islamists in the countries of West Africa and the new round of the civil war in Somalia. This led to an intensification of the military presence and tightened cooperation with the allies, on which the Americans also sought to entrust the main struggle against the radicals. There are several directions of counterterrorism policy: the provision of technical assistance to partner countries for the development of special forces; the building of subregional mechanisms for coordinating counter-terrorism actions; intensification of cooperation in the financial sphere; carrying out separate military operations, mainly by UAV forces. In the end, itwas the African direction that turned out to be the most successful example of Obama’s “leading from the behind” strategy. Despite the fact that under the influence of the Arab Spring and the rise of the ISIS in the Middle East in 2011-2014, there was an escalation of violence in the region, in general, the main goals of combating Islamist terrorism by the end of 2016 were achieved by the USA. In Somalia, Nigeria and Libya, Americans relied on the local forces concerned, restricting participation by coordinating allies, providing intelligence and striking individual blows. The French intervention in Mali in 2013 enabled the Europeans to shift the main burden of fighting local Islamists. In addition, Egypt, receiving abundant military assistance from the United States, did not allow the expansion of the ISIS’s zone of operations in the Sinai Peninsula, but it was not possible to fully cope with the small local branch due to the instability of relations with local tribes that remain outside the control of the central government.
Strategic Synergy between Egypt “Vision 2030” and China’s “Belt and Road” Initiative
Authors: Chen J. 
Published: December 2018

China and Egypt have established diplomatic relations for 62 years. In 2013, Chinese President Xi Jinping put forward the “Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI) and welcomed countries along the routes to take part in co-operations in the framework of the BRI. And in 2014, Egyptian new-elected President Sisi visited China and both sides improved the bilateral relationship to the comprehensive strategic partnership. Then in 2016, Egyptian President Sisi launched a new national development strategy named “Egypt Vision 2030”. Therefore China and Egypt want to look for suitable areas to cooperate according to these two plans. In this case, this paper analyzes the implementation of the strategic synergy between the BRI and “Egypt Vision 2030”, including the introduction to the “Egypt Vision 2030”, the mutual cognition of the developmental strategies of China and Egypt, the outcomes achieved and the risks faced by the synergy between the strategies of these two countries, and then considers that both China and Egypt welcome and support each other’s developmental strategy. At present, the synergy between the two countries’ strategies has made significant achievements under the frequent promotion of top leaders, but there are also political, economic and security risks in the process of strategic synergy, which still hinder thesynergy.
The Strategic Value of Africa as the New Market and Korea’s Economic Cooperation with Africa
Authors: Park Y. , Kim Y. 
Published: December 2018

Africa is rising as the new market in the 21st century. Before the 2000s Africa was regarded as a “continent of crisis” plastered with poverty and war. However, it is now being spotlighted as the ‘last new market on Earth’ due to its development potential. Its value is being reevaluated because it presents new opportunities as an unexplored market. It present opportunities across a wide range of industries: from consumer goods to manufacturing, agriculture, natural resource development and infrastructure. Korea has been ignorant of Africa’s development potential till the mid-2000s but is now looking at Africa as a new opportunity market or cooperation partner. It is taking diverse measures such as through state visits and increase of development aid to strengthen cooperation. Korea perceives Africa’s potential from a future oriented perspective and is expanding economic cooperation from a long-term standpoint. Consequently, Korea is working towards establishing a future oriented partnership with Africa based on mutual trust by identifying core partnership projects that meet the needs of Africa. Korea seeks substantiality of its economic partnership with Africa by identifying priority countries of cooperation.
Chinese Infrastructure Projects in Sub-Saharan Africa: Credit Financing
Authors: Gemueva K. A. 
Published: December 2018

Chinese companies are actively involved in building infrastructure facilities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with a substantial part of the projects funded by Chinese banks. According to some estimates, more than 60% of all Chinese loans granted to the SSA countries from 2000 to 2015 were provided to this end. Vast majority of the projects are carried out by the state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Their main advantages are the opportunity to obtain concessionary financing for the project, a special Chinese model of financing, a government support of activities serving the national strategic goals and the expertise gained from the implementation of similar projects in China. Thiscombination of Chinese banks and companies is an effective tool for promoting China’s strategic economic and political interests. Meanwhile, it gives the SSA countries a unique opportunity to implement large-scale infrastructure projects necessary for further socio-economic development. China’s participation in infrastructure projects in the SSA countries began in the 1960s, and there has been a marked increase in the scale and number of projects since the first decade of the 21st century. In response to the launching “One belt, one road” initiative, the focus is shifting towards cross-border and transregional mega-projects. Chinese financing model profile described in the article comprise “tied” loans, no-political-strings-attached approach (except for the recognition of the “one China” principle), combined schemes to reduce the risk of non-repayment of loans and non-transparent transaction terms. The key areas of infrastructure development by Chinese companies in the SSA countries, i.e. energy, transport and telecommunications, are considered in detail. Particular attention is paid to the largest projects in each area. The problems arising during the implementation of Chinese infrastructure projects, as well as features of the project implementation environment on the African continent are analyzed.
The Role of the Electricity Sector in the Economic Development of Egypt
Authors: Volkov S. N. , Sharova A. Yu. 
Published: December 2018

Egypt is the most dynamically developing country in the region of North Africa. In the nearest future, it is expected to turn into the largest economy of Africa in terms of GDP measured by PPP and to overtake Nigeria. The leadership of Egypt considers accelerated development of the national energy complex, including electricity sector, as one of the main drivers of the economic growth. It will be based on the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress and new forms of attracting foreign direct investment, mainly concession agreements in the format of public-private partnership. This allows medium-sized companies to participate in the process of transnationalization that becomes one of its distinguishing features on the modern stage. The master plan for the development of the electric power industry until 2035 envisages the use of various traditional and renewable energy sources. It is planned to create a balanced electric power generation structure, overcoming the current bank tilt towards gasfired thermal power plants. It is expected that in the 2034/35 financial year coalfired power plants in Egypt will account for 34.0% of electricity generation, 19.4% for solar power plants (11.8% for photovoltaics and 7.6% for concentrated solar power), 19.4% for gas-fired power plants, 14.6% for wind power plants, 8.8% for nuclear power plants, 3.2% for hydro power plants and almost 0.6% for thermal power plants working on fuel oil. The objective of electricity sector’s development is the creation of an advanced branch of the economy, in which renewable energy sources and energy-efficient technologies play an important role, ensuring uninterrupted and reliable energy supply, as well as turning the country into a regional energy hub. All this will contribute not only to overcoming the crisis phenomena in the industry itself, observed since 2010s, but also to further change in the nature of the inclusion of the Egyptian economy in the system of the international division of labor, which has undergone significant changes over the past decades.
Revisiting the Perception of Silence in Linguistics
Authors: AL-Jahdhami Said 
Published: December 2018

Silence in human communication has not only been marginalized as a means of communication, but has often been considered as void of serving any communicative role. It is presumptuously viewed as the mere opposite of communication occurring at the far end of the communicative continuum. Investigating the role of silence in human communication from a linguistic point of view, this paper, hence, attempts to show that such conventional view of silence as a non-communicative tool should be reconsidered. It argues that both silence and speech make an integral part of human communication as they coincide in any delivered message. The context in which they serve a communicative function plays a major role in their use, the choice of one over the other, as well as the interpretation of any delivered message. The study also argues that speech and silence do not always fall into the traditional schematic classification of vocal versus non-vocal. While silence can be vocal in some occasions in human communication, speech can be expressed non-vocally too.
Composition Of Songs Using Symmetric Group
Authors: Adeniji Adenike Olusola 
Published: December 2018

Mathematics of music and sound production brings to bear the physical and practical application of Mathematics in the field of Music. The composition of songs involves the principle of key scaling, their respective interval as calculated with the aid of an appropriate key division which suites the generality of songs composed in different keys with the keyboard. Melodies, harmonies and rhythms produced in the stage of rendition is characterized by transposition and inversion of key to suite each song. With the aid of keyboard, elements of Symmetric group are used to compose songs.