bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspirin for primary prevention of stroke in traumatic cerebrovascular injury: association with increased risk of transfusion
Authors: Griffin Russell L. , Falatko Stephanie R. , Aslibekyan Stella , Strickland Virginia , Harrigan Mark R. 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVEBlunt traumatic extracranial carotid or vertebral artery injury (i.e., traumatic cerebrovascular injury [TCVI]) occurs in 1%–2% of all blunt trauma admissions, carries a 10% risk of thromboembolic ischemic stroke, and accounts for up to 9600 strokes annually in the US. Screening CT angiograms (CTAs) of patients with trauma has become ubiquitous in recent years, and patients with initially asymptomatic TCVI are commonly treated with antiplatelet agents to prevent stroke. Prophylaxis with antiplatelets is thought to be safer than anticoagulation, which carries a significant risk of hemorrhage in patients with trauma. However, the risk of hemorrhagic complications due to antiplatelets has not been assessed in this population.METHODSThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients in whom a screening CTA was obtained after admission for blunt trauma at a Level 1 trauma center. Patients with CTAs indicating TCVI were treated routinely with 325 mg aspirin daily. The risk of transfusion > 24 hours after admission was compared according to CTA findings (CTA+ or CTA− for positive or negative findings, respectively) and aspirin treatment (ASA+ or ASA− for treatment or no treatment, respectively).RESULTSThe mean overall transfusion amount (number of units of packed red blood cells [PRBCs]) was 0.9 ± 2.1 for CTA+/ASA+ patients (n = 196) and 0.3 ± 1.60 for CTA−/ASA− patients (n = 2290) (p < 0.0001). In adjusted models, the overall relative risk (RR) of PRBC transfusion was 1.70 (1.32–2.20) for CTA+/ASA+ patients compared with CTA−/ASA− patients. Among age groups, participants whose ages were 50–69 years had the greatest significantly elevated RR (1.71, 95% CI 1.08–2.72) for CTA+/ASA+ patients compared with CTA−/ASA− patients.CONCLUSIONSTreatment with aspirin for the prevention of stroke in patients with initially asymptomatic TCVI carries a significantly increased risk of PRBC transfusion. Future studies are needed to determine if this risk is offset by a reduced risk of ischemic stroke.
The economic consequences of neurosurgical disease in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Rudolfson Niclas , Dewan Michael C. , Park Kee B. , Shrime Mark G. , Meara John G. , Alkire Blake C. 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVEThe objective of this study was to estimate the economic consequences of neurosurgical disease in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).METHODSThe authors estimated gross domestic product (GDP) losses and the broader welfare losses attributable to 5 neurosurgical disease categories in LMICs using two distinct economic models. The value of lost output (VLO) model projects annual GDP losses due to neurosurgical disease during 2015–2030, and is based on the WHO’s “Projecting the Economic Cost of Ill-health” tool. The value of lost economic welfare (VLW) model estimates total welfare losses, which is based on the value of a statistical life and includes nonmarket losses such as the inherent value placed on good health, resulting from neurosurgical disease in 2015 alone.RESULTSThe VLO model estimates the selected neurosurgical diseases will result in $4.4 trillion (2013 US dollars, purchasing power parity) in GDP losses during 2015–2030 in the 90 included LMICs. Economic losses are projected to disproportionately affect low- and lower-middle-income countries, risking up to a 0.6% and 0.54% loss of GDP, respectively, in 2030. The VLW model evaluated 127 LMICs, and estimates that these countries experienced $3 trillion (2013 US dollars, purchasing power parity) in economic welfare losses in 2015. Regardless of the model used, the majority of the losses can be attributed to stroke and traumatic brain injury.CONCLUSIONSThe economic impact of neurosurgical diseases in LMICs is significant. The magnitude of economic losses due to neurosurgical diseases in LMICs provides further motivation beyond already compelling humanitarian reasons for action.
Surgical treatment of middle cluneal nerve entrapment neuropathy: technical note
Authors: Matsumoto Juntaro , Isu Toyohiko , Kim Kyongsong , Iwamoto Naotaka , Morimoto Daijiro , Isobe Masanori 
Published: May 2018

OBJECTIVEThe etiology of low-back pain (LBP) is heterogeneous and is unknown in some patients with chronic pain. Superior cluneal nerve entrapment has been proposed as a causative factor, and some patients suffer severe symptoms. The middle cluneal nerve (MCN) is also implicated in the elicitation of LBP, and its clinical course and etiology remain unclear. The authors report the preliminary outcomes of a less invasive microsurgical release procedure to address MCN entrapment (MCN-E).METHODSThe authors enrolled 11 patients (13 sites) with intractable LBP judged to be due to MCN-E. The group included 3 men and 8 women ranging in age from 52 to 86 years. Microscopic MCN neurolysis was performed under local anesthesia with the patient in the prone position. Postoperatively, all patients were allowed to walk freely with no restrictions. The mean follow-up period was 10.5 months. LBP severity was evaluated on the numerical rating scale (NRS) and by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) scores.RESULTSAll patients suffered buttock pain, and 9 also had leg symptoms. The symptoms were aggravated by standing, lumbar flexion, rolling over, prolonged sitting, and especially by walking. The numbers of nerve branches addressed during MCN neurolysis were 1 in 9 patients, 2 in 1 patient, and 3 in 1 patient. One patient required reoperation due to insufficient decompression originally. There were no local or systemic complications during or after surgery. Postoperatively, the symptoms of all patients improved statistically significantly; the mean NRS score fell from 7.0 to 1.4, the mean RDQ from 10.8 to 1.4, and the mean JOA score rose from 13.7 to 23.6.CONCLUSIONSLess invasive MCN neurolysis performed under local anesthesia is useful for LBP caused by MCN-E. In patients with intractable LBP, MCN-E should be considered.
The Origin of the Milky Way's Halo Age Distribution
Authors: Carollo Daniela , Tissera Patricia B. , Beers Timothy C. , Gudin Dmitrii , Gibson Brad K. , Freeman Ken C. , Monachesi Antonela 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present an analysis of the radial age gradients for the stellar halos of five Milky Way (MW) mass-sized systems simulated as part of the Aquarius Project. The halos show a diversity of age trends, reflecting their different assembly histories. Four of the simulated halos possess clear negative age gradients, ranging from approximately −7 to −19 Myr kpc−1, shallower than those determined by recent observational studies of the Milky Way’s stellar halo. However, when restricting the analysis to the accreted component alone, all of the stellar halos exhibit a steeper negative age gradient with values ranging from −8 to −32 Myr kpc−1, closer to those observed in the Galaxy. Two of the accretion-dominated simulated halos show a large concentration of old stars in the center, in agreement with the Ancient Chronographic Sphere reported observationally. The stellar halo that best reproduces the current observed characteristics of the age distributions of the Galaxy is that formed principally by the accretion of small satellite galaxies. Our findings suggest that the hierarchical clustering scenario can reproduce the MW’s halo age distribution if the stellar halo was assembled from accretion and the disruption of satellite galaxies with dynamical masses less than ∼109.5
M
☉, and a minimal in situ contribution.
A Globular Cluster Luminosity Function Distance to NGC 4993 Hosting a Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817/GRB 170817A
Authors: Lee Myung Gyoon , Kang Jisu , Im Myungshin 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
NGC 4993 hosts a binary neutron star merger, GW170817/GRB 170817A, emitting gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves. The distance to this galaxy is not well established. We select the globular cluster candidates from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/ACS F606W images of NGC 4993 in the archive, using the structural parameters of the detected sources. The radial number density distribution of these candidates shows a significant central concentration around the galaxy center at the galactocentric distance r < 50″, showing that they are mostly the members of NGC 4993. Also, the luminosity function of these candidates is fit well by a Gaussian function. Therefore, the selected candidates at r < 50″ are mostly considered to be globular clusters in NGC 4993. We derive an extinction-corrected turnover Vega magnitude in the luminosity function of the globular clusters at 20″ < r < 50″, F606W (max)0 = 25.36 ± 0.08 (V
0 = 25.52 ± 0.11) mag. Adopting the calibration of the turnover magnitudes of the globular clusters, M

V
(max) = −7.58 ± 0.11, we derive a distance to NGC 4993, d = 41.65 ± 3.00 Mpc (

). The systematic error of this method can be as large as ±0.3 mag. This value is consistent with the previous distance estimates based on the fundamental plane relation and the gravitational wave method in the literature. The distance in this study can be used to constrain the values of the parameters including the inclination angle of the binary system in the models of gravitational wave analysis.
Legal vs. economic explanations of the rise in bankruptcies in 19th century France
Authors: Hautcoeur Pierre-Cyrille , Levratto Nadine 
Published: May 2018

Ce texte cherche à expliquer l’évolution du nombre de faillites au cours de la seconde partie du XIXe siècle et le début du XXe. Il propose une explication qui reprend les évolutions de la loi mais introduit également une dimension spatiale. On constate en effet que le tribunal de commerce de la Seine est moins « sévère » que les tribunaux de province et que ses pratiques se diffusent vers les autres régions jusqu’à la réforme de 1889 qui introduit la liquidation judiciaire. Au total, il apparaît que l’évolution des textes légaux est loin d’expliquer l’évolution des faillites. Les pratiques locales, les usages de la loi par les acteurs de la justice et les transformations des entreprises constituent également des déterminants importants.
Le financement des entreprises industrielles par leurs actionnaires : étude empirique d’un corpus de sociétés lyonnaises (1921-1953)
Authors: Joly Hervé 
Published: May 2018

Qu’apportent les actionnaires au financement d’une entreprise ? Quel ratio s’établit entre les dividendes versés et les souscriptions d’actions en numéraires ? Que change le fait qu’une entreprise fasse appel au public, que ses actions soient cotées en bourse ? Une étude systématique des déclarations de souscription des sociétés par actions exploitant 150 entreprises industrielles ayant eu leur siège dans l’arrondissement de Lyon dans la période 1921-1953 apporte des réponses inédites. Les résultats présentent un fort caractère conjoncturel : ce n’est que dans les périodes de prospérité que les émissions publiques sont possibles, et peuvent alors, comme dans les années 1920, contribuer à la croissance spectaculaire de certaines entreprises. L’introduction en bourse qui suit sert souvent moins à apporter de nouveaux capitaux qu’à rendre le capital plus liquide pour les nouveaux actionnaires.
T Cell Proliferation and Colitis Are Initiated by Defined Intestinal Microbes
Authors: Chiaranunt Pailin , Tometich Justin T. , Ji Junyi , Hand Timothy W. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease has been associated with the dysregulation of T cells specific to Ags derived from the intestinal microbiota. How microbiota-specific T cells are regulated is not completely clear but is believed to be mediated by a combination of IgA, regulatory T cells, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells. To test the role of these regulatory components on microbiota-specific T cells, we bred CBir1 TCR transgenic (CBir1Tg) mice (specific to flagellin from common intestinal bacteria) onto a lymphopenic Rag1−/− background. Surprisingly, T cells from CBir1Tg mice bred onto a Rag1−/− background could not induce colitis and did not differentiate to become effectors under lymphopenic conditions, despite deficits in immunoregulatory factors, such as IgA, regulatory T cells, and type 3 innate lymphoid cells. In fact, upon transfer of conventional CBir1Tg T cells into lymphopenic mice, the vast majority of proliferating T cells responded to Ags other than CBir1 flagellin, including those found on other bacteria, such as Helicobacter spp. Thus, we discovered a caveat in the CBir1Tg model within our animal facility that illustrates the limitations of using TCR transgenics at mucosal surfaces, where multiple TCR specificities can respond to the plethora of foreign Ags. Our findings also indicate that T cell specificity to the microbiota alone is not sufficient to induce T cell activation and colitis. Instead, other interrelated factors, such as the composition and ecology of the intestinal microbiota and host access to Ag, are paramount in controlling the activation of microbiota–specific T cell clones.
A variational level set method image segmentation model with application to intensity inhomogene magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Li Chun , Su Jinhe , Yu Longlong , Wang Le , Ze Luo 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:
In this article, we propose an image segmentation model based on Chan-Vese (CV) for image segmentation. By taking into account the local features of the image, the new proposed model can successfully segment images with intensity nonuniformity.

Materials and Methods:
We quantitatively compare our method with other two state-of-the-art algorithms, namely, CV model and local binary fitting (LBF) model in segmenting synthetic MR images with the ground truth from BrainWeb; the data can be available at: https://www.mni/mcgill.ca/brainweb/. For segmenting the missing and weak boundaries, to deal with the intensity inhomogeneity, based on the LBF model, we introduced the convex total variation regularization term, for explicit smoothing of the level set function ø. The evolution equation will be solved through the level set method of calculus of variations.

Results:
In the experimental processing, we use some real images and magnetic resonance imaging brain images as the experimental images, to validate the stabilization of algorithm. The experimental results on comprehensive and sincerity images show the outstanding of our proposed model with reference to stabilization and availability.

Conclusions:
We propose a new segmentation local information of an image and introduce a new regularization functional is to keep the level set function smooth. Finally, various experimental results on real and low-contrast image, showing which is a powerful type of images, including some that would be difficult to segment with gradient-based methods. In addition, the advantages of the proposed model are better than CV model and the LBF model. Our new model can effectively segment a real image.
Comparison of accelerometer data calibration methods used in thermospheric neutral density estimation
Authors: Vielberg Kristin , Forootan Ehsan , Lück Christina , Löcher Anno , Kusche Jürgen , Börger Klaus 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Ultra-sensitive space-borne accelerometers on board of low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites are used to measure non-gravitational forces acting on the surface of these satellites. These forces consist of the Earth radiation pressure, the solar radiation pressure and the atmospheric drag, where the first two are caused by the radiation emitted from the Earth and the Sun, respectively, and the latter is related to the thermospheric density. On-board accelerometer measurements contain systematic errors, which need to be mitigated by applying a calibration before their use in gravity recovery or thermospheric neutral density estimations. Therefore, we improve, apply and compare three calibration procedures: (1) a multi-step numerical estimation approach, which is based on the numerical differentiation of the kinematic orbits of LEO satellites; (2) a calibration of accelerometer observations within the dynamic precise orbit determination procedure and (3) a comparison of observed to modeled forces acting on the surface of LEO satellites. Here, accelerometer measurements obtained by the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) are used. Time series of bias and scale factor derived from the three calibration procedures are found to be different in timescales of a few days to months. Results are more similar (statistically significant) when considering longer timescales, from which the results of approach (1) and (2) show better agreement to those of approach (3) during medium and high solar activity. Calibrated accelerometer observations are then applied to estimate thermospheric neutral densities. Differences between accelerometer-based density estimations and those from empirical neutral density models, e.g., NRLMSISE-00, are observed to be significant during quiet periods, on average 22 % of the simulated densities (during low solar activity), and up to 28 % during high solar activity. Therefore, daily corrections are estimated for neutral densities derived from NRLMSISE-00. Our results indicate that these corrections improve model-based density simulations in order to provide density estimates at locations outside the vicinity of the GRACE satellites, in particular during the period of high solar/magnetic activity, e.g., during the St. Patrick's Day storm on 17 March 2015.
Biogeochemical climatology for the Southern Benguela Upwelling System, constructed from &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; monitoring data
Authors: de Villiers Stephanie 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. An annual and a seasonal biogeochemical climatology had been constructed for the Southern Benguela Upwelling System, from in situ data collected along a 12 station monitoring line, sampled at monthly intervals from 2001 to 2012. The monitoring line reaches a maximum offshore distance of almost 190 km, with monitoring station depths ranging from 27 to 1465 m. In addition to temperature, salinity and oxygen CTD profile data, archived monitoring data for the macro-nutrients (phosphate, nitrate + nitrite, silicate) and chlorophyll-a was evaluated. The climatologies exhibit clear spatial and seasonal variability patterns for all parameters, that yield important insight into the SBUS upwelling cycle. These data sets comprise valuable additions to our knowledge base, and will aid both future modelling efforts and studies of biogeochemical processes in upwelling systems. Data for the constructed climatologies have been made available via the PANGAEA Data Archiving and Publication database at http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.882218.
Role of Employee Engagement on Compensation System and Employee Performance Relationship among Telecommunication Service Providers in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Abu Shams Mohammad Mahmudul , Awang Zainudin Bin , Siddiqui Benazir Ahmed , Sabiu Malam Salihu 
Published: May 2018

Past studies endorsed that there is a quite number of factors have been considered as the influencing factors of employee performance in an organization. Some of these are selection, training and development, performance appraisal, promotion, job design, security, and satisfaction, compensation system, employee commitment, personality, emotional intelligence, organizational citizenship behavior among others. While several studies considered investigating the influence of human resource management practices on employee performance in different context such as America, Africa and Europe, but very little attention have given in South-Asian countries like Bangladesh. Hence, this manuscript attempted to investigate the impact of compensation system on employee performance using quantitative analysis. To do so, survey was conducted as well as perceptions of 200 employees working in telecommunication service providers in Bangladesh were obtained to analyze the relationships. The data is analyzed and hypotheses were tested by using IBM-SPSS-AMOS package 25.0. The study found that employee engagement partially mediates the relationship between compensation system and employee performance by the data of this study. This research indorsed that there is a candid need to implement better compensation system by the entrepreneurs which will ensure better employee performance in line with consistent growth of firms as well as Bangladeshi GDP.
Recent Changes of Classification for Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Head and Neck
Authors: Cho Kyung-Ja , Song Joon Seon 
Published: May 2018

Context.—
Interpretation of atypical squamous lesions of the head and neck has always been a nettlesome task for pathologists. Moreover, many different grading systems for squamous intraepithelial lesions have been proposed in past decades. The recent World Health Organization 2017 classification presents 2 types of 2-tier systems for laryngeal and oral precursor lesions.

Objective.—
To review the recent changes in classification and the clinical significance for squamous intraepithelial lesions of the head and neck.

Data Sources.—
Personal experience and data from the literature.

Conclusions.—
The 2-tier grading system for laryngeal dysplasia, presented by World Health Organization in 2017, is expected to improve diagnostic reproducibility and clinical implication. However, the diagnostic criteria for low-grade dysplasia do not distinguish it clearly from basal cell hyperplasia. The World Health Organization 2017 classification of oral epithelial dysplasia remains unclear, and complicated and variable grading systems still make head and neck intraepithelial lesions difficult to interpret.
Analyse des compétences transactionnelles de jeunes élèves lors d’activités de lecture d’un album
Authors: Lassère-Totchilkine Camille 
Published: May 2018

Cet article s’intéressera à l’activité d’élèves âgés de 3 ans environ dans une classe de petite section de maternelle, au cours de lectures d’un récit de fiction illustré. À partir de cinq séances enregistrées, nous analyserons les échanges langagiers oraux relevés pendant les lectures, et pendant la discussion qui les prolonge. Parmi ces échanges langagiers, nous distinguerons et catégoriserons quantitativement et qualitativement les énoncés d’élèves qui témoignent d’un dialogue avec le texte ou les illustrations : les compétences transactionnelles. L’étude de la quantité et de la diversité des catégories de transactions au fil des séances permettra de renseigner les caractéristiques de l’activité de lecture de très jeunes élèves.
Compréhension de lecture et habiletés inférentielles : exploration des connaissances et des pratiques déclarées d’enseignants au primaire
Authors: St-Pierre Marie-Catherine , Hamel Christine , Desmarais Chantal , Bélisle Brigitte , Desmeules Amélie 
Published: May 2018

Générer des inférences justes est une habileté cruciale pour la compréhension en lecture (CL). Or, les pratiques d’enseignement pour cette habileté sont peu documentées. Pour mieux comprendre les pratiques actuelles, nous avons administré un questionnaire à 15 enseignantes pour dresser un portrait préliminaire des connaissances et pratiques déclarées quant aux inférences en CL. Nos résultats illustrent que la majorité des participantes démontre un niveau adéquat de connaissances générales quant aux inférences, alors que moins de 60 % démontrent un niveau plus approfondi. La plupart des enseignantes déclarent des pratiques documentées optimales, et ce, même si la régularité et la guidance sont rapportées par moins de 50 %. Au final, les pratiques déclarées apparaissent liées aux connaissances démontrées pour 73 % des participantes.