bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Liver Transplant Candidates Toward Organs From Increased‐Risk Donors
Authors: Humar Sapna S. , Liu Jingqian , Pinzon Natalia , Kumar Deepali , Bhat Mamatha , Lilly Les , Selzner Nazia 
Published: April 2019

Increased‐risk donor (IRD) organs make up a significant proportion of the deceased organ donor pool but may be declined by patients on the waiting list for various reasons. We conducted a survey of patients awaiting a liver transplant to determine the factors leading to the acceptance of an IRD organ as well as what strategies could increase the rate of acceptance. Adult liver transplant candidates who were outpatients completed a survey of 51 questions on a 5‐point Likert scale with categories related to demographics, knowledge of IRDs, and likelihood of acceptance. A total of 150 transplant candidates completed the survey (age 19‐80 years). Male patients constituted 67.3%. Many patients (58.7%) had postsecondary education. Only 23.3% of patients had a potential living donor, and 58/144 (40.3%) were not optimistic about receiving an organ in the next 3 months. The overall IRD organ acceptance rate was 41.1%, whereas 26.2% said they would decline an IRD organ. Women were more likely to accept an IRD organ (54.3% versus 34.7%; P = 0.02). Those who had a college education or higher tended to have lower IRD organ acceptability (28.3% versus 47.4%; P = 0.07). Acceptability also increased as the specified transmission risk of human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis C virus decreased (P < 0.001). Patients were also more likely to accept an IRD organ if they were educated on the benefits of IRD organs (eg, knowledge that an IRD organ was of better quality increased overall acceptance from 41.1% to 63.3%; P < 0.001). Our survey provides insight into liver transplant candidates who would benefit from greater education on IRD organs. Strategies targeting specific educational points are likely to increase acceptability.
Convergence analysis of Anderson‐type acceleration of Richardson's iteration
Authors: Lupo Pasini Massimiliano 
Published: April 2019

SummaryWe consider Anderson extrapolation to accelerate the (stationary) Richardson iterative method for sparse linear systems. Using an Anderson mixing at periodic intervals, we assess how this benefits convergence to a prescribed accuracy. The method, named alternating Anderson–Richardson, has appealing properties for high‐performance computing, such as the potential to reduce communication and storage in comparison to more conventional linear solvers. We establish sufficient conditions for convergence, and we evaluate the performance of this technique in combination with various preconditioners through numerical examples. Furthermore, we propose an augmented version of this technique.
YWHAZ amplification/overexpression defines aggressive bladder cancer and contributes to chemo‐/radio‐resistance by suppressing caspase‐mediated apoptosis
Authors: Yu Chia‐Cheng , Li Chien‐Feng , Chen I‐Hsuan , Lai Ming‐Tsung , Lin Zi‐Jun , Korla Praveen K , Chai Chee‐Yin , Ko Grace , Chen Chih‐Mei , Hwang Tritium , Lee Shan‐Chih , Sheu Jim J‐C 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe objective of this study was to characterize the oncogenic actions of a recently identified cancer‐associated gene YWHAZ (also named as 14‐3‐3 ζ/δ) in urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder (UCUB). A genome‐wide study revealed YWHAZ to be involved in the amplicon at 8q22.3, and its genetic amplification was detected predominantly in muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the association of YWHAZ overexpression with higher tumor stages, lymph node/vascular invasion, and mitotic activity. Univariate and multivariate analyses further indicated the prognostic potential of YWHAZ for more aggressive cancer types. Both gene set enrichment analysis and STRING network studies suggested involvement of YWHAZ in regulating caspase‐mediated apoptosis. Ectopic expression of YWHAZ in bladder cells with low endogenous YWHAZ levels boosted cell resistance to doxorubicin and cisplatin, as well as to ionizing radiation. Conversely, YWHAZ‐knockdown using specific shRNA in cells with high endogenous YWHAZ levels diminished survival activity, suppressing cell growth and increasing cell death. Our findings confirm the essential role played by YWHAZ in sustaining cell proliferation during chemo/radiotherapy. Treatments based on anti‐YWHAZ strategies may thus be beneficial for UCUB patients overexpressing YWHAZ. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Bone marrow‐derived macrophage contributes to fibrosing steatohepatitis through activating hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Han Juqiang , Zhang Xiang , Lau Jennie K‐C , Fu Kaili , Lau Harry CH , Xu Weiqi , Chu Eagle SH , Lan Huiyao , Yu Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe role of macrophages in fibrosing steatohepatitis is largely unclear. We characterized the origin and molecular mechanisms of macrophages and its targeted therapy of fibrosing steatohepatitis. Fibrosing steatohepatitis was established in Alms1 mutant (foz/foz) and C57BL/6J wildtype mice fed high‐fat/high‐cholesterol or methionine‐ and choline‐deficient diet. Bone marrow transplantation was performed to track the macrophage origin in fibrosing steatohepatitis. Macrophages were depleted using liposomal clodronate. Primary macrophages were isolated from bone marrow for adoptive transfer into mice. We found that macrophage infiltration is induced in two mouse models of fibrosing steatohepatitis and human nonalcoholic steatohepatitis‐fibrosis patients. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) contribute to the hepatic macrophage accumulation in experimental fibrosing steatohepatitis. Depletion of hepatic BMMs by liposomal clodronate during liver injury attenuated fibrosing steatohepatitis, whilst BMMs depletion after liver injury delayed the regression of fibrosing steatohepatitis. The pro‐fibrotic effect of macrophages was associated with reduced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), collagen deposition and hepatic expression of key pro‐fibrotic factors (TIMP1, TIMP2, and TGFβ1) and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (GRP78, IRE1α, and PDI). Conversely, adoptive transfer of BMMs significantly aggravated fibrosing steatohepatitis. Moreover, macrophage‐conditioned medium directly promoted the phenotypic transition of primary quiescent HSCs to activated HSCs; it enhanced activation and proliferation but decreased apoptosis of HSC cell lines (LX‐2 and HSC‐T6). The effect of BMMs in promoting fibrosing steatohepatitis was mediated by inducing key pro‐fibrosis factors and signaling pathways including cytokine/chemokine, TGFβ and complement cascade as assessed by cDNA expression array. Complement 3a receptor (C3ar1) was a predominant effector of macrophage mediated fibrosing steatohepatitis. Knockout of C3ar1 in mice blunted development of fibrosing steatohepatitis. In conclusion, BMMs promoted the progression of fibrosing steatohepatitis during injury, whereas macrophages reduced fibrosing steatohepatitis in the recovery phase of liver injury. Increasing anti‐fibrotic macrophages and decreasing pro‐fibrotic macrophages are promising approaches for fibrosing steatohepatitis. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Integrating early palliative care into routine practice for patients with cancer: A mixed methods evaluation of the INTEGRATE Project
Authors: Evans Jenna M. , Mackinnon Marnie , Pereira Jose , Earle Craig C. , Gagnon Bruno , Arthurs Erin , Gradin Sharon , Buchman Sandy , Wright Frances C. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveWith increasing evidence from controlled trials on benefits of early palliative care, there is a need for studies examining implementation in real‐world settings. The INTEGRATE Project was a 3‐year real‐world project that promoted early identification and support of patients with cancer who may benefit from palliative care. This study assesses feasibility, stakeholder experiences, and early impact of the INTEGRATE ProjectMethodsThe INTEGRATE Project was implemented in four cancer centers in Ontario, Canada, and consisted of interdisciplinary provider education and an integrated care model. Providers used the Surprise Question to identify patients for inclusion. A mixed methods evaluation of INTEGRATE was conducted using descriptive data, interviews with providers and managers, and provider surveys.ResultsA total of 760 patients with cancer (lung, glioblastoma, head and neck, gastrointestinal) were included. Results suggest improvement in provider confidence to deliver palliative care and to initiate the Advanced Care Planning (ACP) conversation. The majority of patients (85%) had an ACP or goals of care (GOC) conversation initiated within a mean time to conversation of 5‐46 days (SD 20‐93) across centers. A primary care report was transmitted to family doctors 48‐100% of the time within a mean time to transmission of 7‐54 days (SD 9‐27) across centers. Enablers and barriers influencing success of the model were also identified.ConclusionsA standardized model for the early introduction of palliative care for patients with cancer can be integrated into the routine practice of oncology providers, with appropriate education, integration into existing clinical workflows, and administrative support.
Posttraumatic stress disorder among cancer patients—Findings from a large and representative interview‐based study in Germany
Authors: Esser Peter , Glaesmer Heide , Faller Hermann , Koch Uwe , Härter Martin , Schulz Holger , Wegscheider Karl , Weis Joachim , Mehnert Anja 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectiveIn order to optimize psycho‐oncologic care for patients with severe stressor‐related symptomatology, we aimed to provide (a) valid and generalizable prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in oncological patients and (b) the percentage of PTSD cases elicited by cancer‐related events.MethodsThis multi‐center study was based on a representative sample of patients across cancer types. A diagnostic interview (CIDI‐O) was used to assess PTSD according to DSM‐IV. We first describe type and frequency of potentially traumatic events (A1‐events) and the degree to which they meet the trauma criteria (A2‐events). Subsequently, we present adjusted prevalence rates of PTSD and explore the proportion of patients with cancer‐related PTSD.ResultsFour thousand twenty patients participated (response rate: 68 %), and 2141 completed the diagnostic interview; 1641 patients reported at least one A1‐event, of whom 16% (n = 257) reported cancer‐related events. Ninety‐one percent (n = 232) of theses cancer‐related events qualified as A2‐events. Across cancer types, the adjusted 4‐week prevalence of PTSD was 2.0% (95% CI, 1.5‐2.7); 9% (n = 5) of the 4‐week PTSD cases were cancer‐related.ConclusionsAcross cancer types and treatment settings, few cancer patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Of those, a mere fraction was attributable to cancer‐related events. These robust findings should be taken into account in both research and practice to develop and provide adequate care for cancer patients with severe stressor‐related symptomatology.
The role of daily couple communication in the relationship between illness representation and fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer survivors and their spouses
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Jianping , Schoebi Dominik 
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have shown the significance of illness representation in maintaining of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR). The current study explored the association of illness representation and fear of cancer recurrence in daily life among breast cancer survivors and their spouses, considering the role of daily couple communication.MethodsA total of 54 couples in which the wives were breast cancer survivors were recruited to complete Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire and to report their communication information and fear of cancer recurrence in daily life.ResultsAt the between‐person level, individuals with severer illness representation were likely to express more negative and less positive information in daily life, irrespective of whether they were patients or spouses. At the within‐person level, perceptions of positive information acted as a mediator between disclosures of positive/negative information and changes in FCR.ConclusionsThere were interactions of the relationship of illness representation to FCR between breast cancer survivors and their spouses. Daily couple communication played critical roles in the association between illness representation and FCR.
On the role of regional hubs in the environmental sustainability of humanitarian supply chains
Authors: Zarei Mohammad Hossein , Carrasco‐Gallego Ruth , Ronchi Stefano 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn spite of strong commitment of humanitarian and development communities with the protection of our planet, expressed through the Sustainable Development Goals in the Agenda 2030, environmental sustainability still remains an overlooked aspect in humanitarian supply chains (HSCs). Using a collaborative mixed‐methods research with an international humanitarian organization, this paper sheds light on the causes of unsustainable operations in HSCs and investigates the impact of regional hubs on the environmental sustainability. First, an in‐depth focus group was conducted involving the organization's employees and the research team to identify the main causes contributing to unsustainable HSC in the organization. Five categories of causes were identified, namely, supply chain configuration (SCC), transportation, donors, material and waste, and humanitarian specificities. Then, based on respondents' prioritization, SCC was selected as the most important category. Carbon footprinting for three SCC scenarios was conducted: the current SCC and two conceptual SCC with two hubs in East and West Africa with different replenishment windows. The results reveal that the SCCs with hubs outperform the current SCC in terms of carbon footprint. Finally, the challenges of implementing the conceptual SCCs and possible solutions to address them were discussed through follow‐up individual interviews.
Facile Construction of Sandwich‐like Co3O4/CNTs Complex for High‐performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Wang Xin , Song Kun , Yang Rui , Jing Xiaoyan , Wang Jun 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSandwich‐like, hetero‐structured Co3O4/CNTs were prepared by a simple hydrothermal and self‐assembly process. The CNTs insert into layered Co3O4 sheets and ensure fast electron transfer between the Co3O4 sheets for a faradaic reaction close to the electroactive sites and effectively inhibit the deformation and collapse of the pseudocapacitance material in the cyclic process. The well‐ordered complex delivers a specific capacitance of 562.22 F⋅g−1 at a current density of 1 A⋅g−1; and in a three‐electrode system with regard to hold 96% of the primitive specific capacitance after 5000 cycles. An asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled with Co3O4/CNTs as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode, the device shows a high energy density of 157.5 W⋅h⋅kg−1 at a power density of 2520 W⋅kg−1.
Towards the Organic Double Heterojunction Solar Cell
Authors: Kaake Loren G. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA perspective on the operating principles of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells is outlined and used to suggest an alternative device configuration, employing two type II semiconductor heterojunctions in series. Guiding principles to the implementation of this configuration, called a double heterojunction, are summarized. Assuming an exciton binding energy of 0.3 eV or less, results in a maximum achievable power conversion efficiency of well over 25 %. Achieving a high efficiency organic double heterojunction requires a specific energy level alignment, charge separation in the absence of driving forces, high phase purity and excellent diode quality. Fully conjugated triblock polymers of the form [D1‐A1]‐[D1‐A2]‐[D2‐A2] appear to be a system that can fulfill these requirements. Going forward, the primary challenge is the identification and development of synthetically tractable materials which have the necessary properties.
Recent Advances in the Optimization of Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Metal‐Containing Nanomaterials
Authors: Lian Hong , Shen Jiahao , Guo Hongen , Cheng Xiaozhe , Dong Qingchen , Yang Jianhai , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMetal‐containing nanomaterials have attracted widespread attention in recent years due to their physicochemical, light‐scattering and plasmonic properties. By introducing different kinds and different structures of metal‐containing nanomaterials into organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), the optical properties of the devices can be tailored, which can effectively improve the luminous efficiency of OLEDs. In this review, the fundamental knowledge of OLEDs and metallic nanomaterials were firstly introduced. Then we overviewed the recent development of the optimization of OLEDs through introducing different kinds of metal‐containing nanomaterials.
Screening various Yarrowia lipolytica strains for citric acid production
Authors: Carsanba Erdem , Papanikolaou Seraphim , Fickers Patrick , Erten Huseyin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCitric acid (CA) productivity by Yarrowia lipolytica dependents on strain type, carbon source, carbon to nitrogen (C/N) molar ratio as well as physicochemical conditions (pH, temperature, oxygen transfer rate, etc.). In the current study, 10 different Y. lipolytica strains were first challenged in shake‐flask culture for CA production in a glucose‐based media under nitrogen‐limited conditions. For the most promising one, strain K57, CA productivity was monitored during culture in batch bioreactor for three initial C/N molar ratio (167, 367, and 567 Cmol/Nmol). The highest CA yield (0.77 g/g glucose), titre (72.3 g/L CA), and productivity (0.04 g/g.h) were found for C/N ratio of 367. However, the highest growth rate was obtained for an initial C/N ratio of 167. From these results, Y. lipolytica strain K57 could be considered to produce CA at higher titre on glucose‐based medium in batch bioreactor than others Y. lipolytica strain reported in the literature.
The NMSSM is within reach of the LHC: mass correlations & decay signatures
Authors: Baum Sebastian , Shah Nausheen R. , Freese Katherine 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), the singlet extension of the MSSM which fixes many of the MSSM’s shortcomings, is shown to be within reach of the upcoming runs of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A systematic treatment of the various Higgs decay channels and their interplay has been lacking due to the seemingly large number of free parameters in the NMSSM’s Higgs sector. We demonstrate that due to the SM-like nature of the observed Higgs boson, the NMSSM’s Higgs and neutralino sectors have highly correlated masses and couplings and can effectively be described by four physically intuitive parameters: the physical masses of the two CP-odd states and their mixing angle, and tanβ, which plays a minor role. The heavy Higgs bosons in the NMSSM have large branching ratios into pairs of lighter Higgs bosons or a light Higgs and aZboson. Search channels arising via these Higgs cascades are unique to models like the NMSSM with a Higgs sector larger than that of the MSSM. In order to cover as much of the NMSSM parameter space as possible, one must combine conventional search strategies employing decays of the additional Higgs bosons into pairs of SM particles with Higgs cascade channels. We demonstrate that such a combination would allow a significant fraction of the viable NMSSM parameter space containing additional Higgs bosons with masses below 1 TeV to be probed at future runs of the LHC.
Private Sector Corruption, Public Sector Corruption and the Organizational Structure of Foreign Subsidiaries
Authors: Sartor Michael A. , Beamish Paul W. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCorporate anti-corruption initiatives can make a substantial contribution towards curtailing corruption and advancing efforts to achieve the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. However, researchers have observed that underdeveloped assumptions with respect to the conceptualization of corruption and how firms respond to corruption risk impeding the efficacy of anti-corruption programs. We investigate the relationship between the perceived level of corruption in foreign host countries and the organizational structure of subsidiary operations established by multinational corporations (MNCs). Foreign host market corruption is disaggregated into two components—private and public corruption. We employ an uncertainty-based perspective grounded in transaction cost theory to focus upon the distinct mechanisms through which private and public corruption can each be expected to impact a foreign subsidiary’s organizational structure [wholly-owned subsidiary (WOS) or a joint venture (JV) with a local partner]. We expect that each type of corruption fosters a different type of uncertainty (environmental or behavioral) which predominates in shaping the MNC’s choice of foreign subsidiary investment structure. Hypotheses are developed and tested with a sample of 187 entries into 19 foreign host markets. Each type of corruption was found to exert a distinct effect upon the organizational structure of foreign subsidiaries. More precisely, while heightened perceived levels of public corruption were found to motivate MNCs to invest through a JV with a local partner rather than a WOS, more pronounced private corruption precipitated the opposite outcome.
Fatal Second Impact Syndrome in Rowan Stringer, A 17-Year-Old Rugby Player
Authors: Tator Charles , Starkes Jill , Dolansky Gillian , Quet Julie , Michaud Jean , Vassilyadi Michael 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT:Second impact syndrome (SIS) is associated with malignant brain swelling and usually occurs in young athletes with one or more prior, recent concussions. SIS is rare and some dispute its existence. We report a case of SIS in Rowan Stringer, age 17, a rugby player who sustained a fatal brain injury despite prompt medical therapy including decompression surgery. The cause of the massive brain swelling was initially unknown. An inquest revealed Rowan’s text messages to friends describing symptoms from two prior, recent rugby brain injuries, likely concussions, within 5 days of the fatal blow and confirming the diagnosis of SIS.
Comparative Network Research in China
Authors: Burt Ronald S. , Batjargal Bat 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTUsing recent substantive results on China and the West, we highlight some virtues to Mill's method of residues for comparative network research. The result is research that combines the emic-etic approaches discussed by Leung (2009) with the spirit of Whetten's (2009: 49) efforts to make ‘theory borrowing more context sensitive’. We draw on recent comparative research about the competitive advantage enjoyed by network brokers, trust facilitated by embedding a relationship in a closed network, the subset of Chinese relations that constituteguanxi, the idea of American and Europeanguanxi, different business environments maintained by the same network mechanism, cocoon networks, small-world networks, the longer history apparent in Chinese networks, and job search via colleagues, friends, and family. We also illustrate the value of data graphs for the expository value of the method of residuals in comparative network analyses.