bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence of cruise tourism in Iran
Authors: Khodadadi Masood 
Published: July 2018

PurposeIran is a country with substantial tourism potential. Iran’s tourism industry, however, was side-lined for decades due to international sanctions. The election of President Hassan Rouhani and the subsequent deal on Iran’s nuclear programme (reached on 14 July 2015) has resulted in softening of nuclear-related international sanctions and brought much needed relief to a struggling tourism industry in Iran. The purpose of this paper is to focus on the emergence of cruise tourism—as an attractive option for both domestic and international markets—with the introduction of the Iran’s first cruise ship, named “Sunny”, since the 1979 revolution.Design/methodology/approachThis study is a short viewpoint piece based on the author’s interpretation of cruise tourism development in Iran and its future opportunities and challenges.FindingsFollowing the nuclear deal, Iran has seen a substantial growth in inbound tourist numbers and attracted considerable investment in tourism-related infrastructure such as air transport and the hospitality sector. While cruise tourism is and remains an emerging phenomenon in Iran, it is evident that the country has a vested interest in developing this lucrative sector due to the country’s strong domestic market and potential to serve the international market.Originality/valueThis is an original topic which has never been investigated before. Cruise tourism is an emerging market in Iran and this study sheds new light on this new development. The paper focuses on the historical, current and future development of the tourism industry in Iran with a specific emphasis on cruise tourism.
Hypocholesterolemic effects of watermelon fruit rind on rats
Authors: Abu-Hiamed Hind 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) fruit and its rind are known to contain phytochemicals that may have health benefits. The aim of this paper is to investigate the potential hypocholesterolemic effect of watermelon fruit rind (WR) using rats who are fed a high-cholesterol diet.

Design/methodology/approach
Rats were divided into six groups and fed diets for eight weeks containing normal control diet or normal control diet with either 1% cholesterol, 5% WR, 10% WR, 1% cholesterol + 5% WR or 1% cholesterol + 10% WR. Triglycerides, total cholesterol and lipoprotein levels in serum and liver samples were determined, and histopathological examination of liver tissues was carried out.

Findings
Diets containing 1% cholesterol led to hypercholesterolemia, characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins in rat serum and liver samples. Incorporation of 10% WR into the diet of the otherwise hypercholesterolemic rats led to significant reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol (from 266.2 to 222.7 mg/dL) and low-density lipoproteins (from 159.5 to 94.4 mg/dL). In addition, these rats also exhibited improvements in hepatic tissue structure compared to the hypercholesterolemic rats.

Originality/value
These results support the potential use of WR as a hypocholesterolemic agent. Further research is needed to ascertain the hypocholesterolemic effect of WR in human.
Stakeholders’ expectations on building information modelling (BIM) concept in Malaysia
Authors: Husain Afifuddin Husairi , Razali Muhammad Najib , Eni Sabariah 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the benefits that client organisations expect from building information modelling (BIM) investment in Malaysia. Furthermore, this paper investigates the outcomes that, from the stakeholders’ point of view, the BIM approach needs to present.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve this aim, this research employed a series of structured interviews which were conducted with representatives from client construction organisations in Malaysia. A structured questionnaire, containing 34 items, was used to collect data from respondents.

Findings
This research’s findings indicated that increased project revenue is one of the most expected benefits of BIM investment. In addition, it has been revealed that the Malaysian construction industry has implemented the BIM approach to project management. Furthermore, the great deal of acceptance among industrial players has been significantly positive, and thereby it can be concluded that the implementation of BIM in Malaysia has lots of potential.

Originality/value
This paper’s finding offers great knowledge, policy, and academic contribution, acknowledging the development of BIM’s implementation within the Malaysian construction industry.
Outsourced property management: the regulations of the property manager
Authors: Palm Peter 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify factors on property management level for analysing incentives for an effective property management in an outsourced setting.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on an interview study of a set of three real estate-owning companies and their contracted facility management companies’ property management teams.FindingsThe study concludes that the property manager within the facility management company is highly controlled by the contract between the real estate owner and the facility management company. However, this contract does risk the individual property manager to prioritise the wrong work tasks as she/he has to know exactly what to prioritise in each contract and consider in whose interest she/he performs each task, the real estate owner, her/him employer or the tenants.Research limitations/implicationsThe research in this paper is limited to Swedish commercial real estate sector.Practical implicationsThe insight in the paper is regarding how real estate owners create incentives for the facility management companies’ property management organisation and how that are perceived by the individual property manager.Originality/valueIt provides an insight regarding how the commercial real estate industry prioritises different work tasks and how incentives are created to enable effort.
Gatekeeping information in the multi-owned property environment
Authors: Johnston Nicole R. , Leshinsky Rebecca 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which gatekeepers of information stymie due diligence investigations in the multi-owned property environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The study reviewed and analysed the relevant state legislative provisions providing statutory protections for (pre)purchasers of lots within the multi-owned property context. Further, an exploratory survey questionnaire was distributed to owners corporation (OC) managers in Victoria to gain knowledge and a greater understanding of the extent to which OC managers are gatekeepers of information.

Findings
The study emphasises how relevant state governments, OC managers and sellers of multi-owned properties (MOPs) are involved in gatekeeping activities. The governments have created a legislative framework that appears to offer “protections” to pre(purchasers), however, discretion and exemptions within the legislation can hinder the undertaking of due diligence investigations. OC managers are, generally, protective about the information in their custody and contribute to the gatekeeping environment by stymieing the dissemination of information.

Originality/value
To date, there has been a paucity of scholarly attention directed to understanding the barriers faced by purchasers when buying into the MOP environment. This paper contributes to the wider body of knowledge relating to purchasing decisions within the multi-owned property context. More specifically, gatekeeping theory is used in this context to highlight the barriers that stymie a buyer’s right to discover information and decide on their purchase. The findings of this study are relatable to other countries using a similar MOP structure as Australia.
Deriving market prices for forestland properties from comparables
Authors: Eerikäinen Kalle , Venho Mika 
Published: July 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to construct a market price predictor (MPP) for forestland properties by applying a sales comparison approach (SCA) with several value-related characteristics obtainable from the property-specific sales line declarations.Design/methodology/approachAn SCA-based predictor was designed for appraising and valuing forestland properties with varying quantitative features that impact their overall value. Using a two-stage classification procedure, representative reference sales (i.e. comparables) are objectively and commensurately selected for the subject using location and forest characteristics as classifiers.FindingsThe new SCA-based MPP is a stable and reliable tool applicable for pricing forestland properties in any location when data from comparables are available.Research limitations/implicationsA systematic and spatio-temporally continuous data collection procedure is a prerequisite for obtaining appropriate data for the SCA-based appraisal and valuation techniques, including the MPP model presented in this study.Practical implicationsThe MPP model is suitable for the practical appraisal and valuation of forestland properties.Social implicationsIt is expected that by applying the MPP model for the appraisal and valuation of forestland properties, positive societal contributions will be achieved through the intensification of the forestland property market.Originality/valueThe MPP model provides an objective alternative to the adding-value technique, which is the most commonly applied tool to appraise forestland properties in Finland. It is also offers an assumption-free alternative to the income approach.
Achieving business success through land banking and market analysis
Authors: Syed Abu Bakar Syed Putra , Jaafar Mastura 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of land banking strategy and market analysis towards the performance of Malaysian housing developers.

Design/methodology/approach
Through in-depth interviews, participants shared their opinions on success factors of housing development firms with a focus on land banking and market study. Content analysis was performed on the data, identifying the connection between both strategies and their superior performance.

Findings
The study presents interesting findings in that it lends support to the existing literature as such land banking and market analysis do affect the business competitiveness of housing developers. Albeit subjective in nature, the comments received from respondents are revelatory and have implications for the level of performance perceived by the organisations, as well as the experience of housing entrepreneurs in assembling the land bank and gauging the housing market.

Practical implications
Though not a substitute for quantitative problem solving, this piece of work serves as a corroborative evidence to improve the satisfaction of homebuyers, industry players and policymakers. The paper ends by recommending that the study be repeated in Malaysia, this time with the involvement of other stakeholders, to enrich the findings.

Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first research performed in the Malaysian context in which the strategies of private housing developers comprising land banking and market analysis were explored in relation to business success. Hence, the present study not only contributes to the existing property literature, but also makes an important contribution to the business performance and firm competitiveness in the lens of Malaysian entrepreneurs.
Synthesis of novel zinc porphyrins and their photocatalytic activity
Authors: Chen Shao Rui 
Published: July 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the spacer length of zinc porphyrin-TiO2 hybrids by photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution under visible light.

Design/methodology/approach
5-Mono-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin was synthesized using Alder method. A new series of porphyrins and their corresponding zinc complexes (ZnPp) were obtained from 5-mono-[4-hydroxyphenyl]-10,15,20-triphenylporphyrin via nucleophilic substitution reaction. The ZnPp-TiO2 photocatalysts were prepared by loading ZnPp onto TiO2 and characterized by scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Findings
The results indicated that zinc porphyrins were successfully loaded on the surface of TiO2 microsphere, which is crucial to enhance the activity of the catalytic composite under visible light. All the novel photocatalysts showed much enhanced photoactivity than bare TiO2. Among all the prepared ZnPp-TiO2, 5,10,15-triphenyl-20-[4-(4-naphthoxy)-butoxy]phenyl zinc porphyrin-TiO2 (4b) showed the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MO.

Research limitations/implications
Synthesis of these zinc porphyrins had never been reported previously.

Originality/value
Four novel zinc porphyrin-TiO2 photocatalysts which could response to visible light in degradation of MO were synthesized using Alder method. The results show that the photocatalytic activity of 5,10,15-triphenyl-20-[4-(4-naphthoxy)butoxy] phenyl zinc porphyrin- TiO2 is higher than others.
Constructing queer mother‐knowledge and negotiating medical authority in online lesbian pregnancy journals
Authors: Holland Sierra 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMedical interactions around reproduction are increasingly extending beyond the physician's office and onto the Internet, where negotiation with medical authority occurs in complex and dynamic ways. Recently, scholars have noted the Internet's potential for creating spaces where women can dialogue with and reconstruct medical authority, yet this growing body of work is overwhelming heteronormative. This paper thus interrogates how lesbian women use the Internet to challenge, deploy, and rework medical authority around reproduction while navigating the transition to parenthood. I draw from 17 online journals authored by lesbian couples during the conception, pregnancy, and birth of their first child, each spanning between 18 months and 2 years, in order to understand how the transition process unfolds over time. I argue that lesbian couples engage with medical authority when seeking affirmation and normalisation yet discard and publicly reject the heteronormative assumptions that accompany reproductive medicine. Further, they chart a new process that I term ‘constructing queer mother‐knowledge’, in which they critique and balance knowledges from institutionalised medicine, their own bodies, and their queer communities. With this new concept, I complicate understandings of lesbian mothers‐to‐be and their interactions with medical authority as they build subversive families.
Recording body temperature in koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus): a comparison of techniques
Authors: Adam D , Beard L , Johnston SD , Nicolson V , Lisle A , McKinnon A , Larkin R , Theilemann P , Gillett A , Brackin K , FitzGibbon S , Barth B , Ellis W 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveCompare the use of four techniques to measure body temperature in koalas: intraperitoneal (thermal data logger and temperature sensitive radio transmitter), rectal (certified thermometer), tympanic (infrared thermometer), and hind foot (infrared camera).MethodsThe body temperature data collected concurrently from the intraperitoneal loggers were used as the benchmark in the analyses.ResultsThe rectal, foot and tympanic methods consistently recorded lower body temperature when compared with the benchmark. There was a strong positive relationship (R2 = 0.79) between logger and rectal measurements, but no significant relationship between logger and foot or logger and tympanic measurements.ConclusionRectal measurements can be used to record internal body temperature, with the caveat that such measurements will generally register a temperature approximately 0.25°C lower than the actual intraperitoneal temperature.
Measuring otoplasty outcome: Expanding the validity to caregivers' perspective and to Portuguese‐speaking children
Authors: Dias‐Vaz Marta , Morgado Hélder , Severo Milton , Estevão‐Costa José 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveThe GBI (Glasgow Benefit Inventory) and the GCBI (Glasgow Children's Benefit Inventory) are used to evaluate patient‐reported Health‐Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) following otoplasty for prominent ears. The aim of this study was to validate them through patients' and caregivers' perspectives and in Portuguese language versions.Study designAfter translation to Portuguese, the GBI and the GCBI were applied to patients (n = 255) who underwent otoplasty throughout a five‐year span and to their caregivers, respectively. A second set of questionnaires (retest) was applied to assess reliability. Caregivers were subsequently contacted to evaluate aesthetic satisfaction, recommendation to others, postoperative complications and main motivation for surgery.SettingPaediatric Surgery Department of a tertiary hospital in Porto, Portugal.Participants134 patients (aged 10.9 ± 3.6 years, 61.2% males) and their caregivers (52.5% responders).Main outcome measuresImpact on HRQoL using the Portuguese GBI and GCBI (global score, −100 to 100). Validity assessed by principal component factor analysis, Cronbach's α and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC).ResultsThe GBI was 30.1 ± 25.7 and the GCBI was 22.6 ± 23.0. For the GBI, three subscales were identified, explaining 63.3% of variance. For the GCBI, two subscales were identified, accounting for 66.8% of variance. Both the GBI and the GCBI showed a high internal consistency (α = 0.92 and 0.94, respectively). 79% were satisfied and 92% recommended the surgery. Statistically significant higher scores were found in satisfied patients, in those who underwent surgery due to teasing, and in females.ConclusionsThe Portuguese GBI and GCBI proved to be valid and reliable to evaluate HRQoL following otoplasty in Portuguese‐speaking children. The outcome was very favourable; almost all patients would recommend the surgery.
Self‐report of pain in young people and adults with spastic cerebral palsy: interrater reliability of the revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (r‐FLACC) scale ratings
Authors: Fox Margaret A , Ayyangar Rita , Parten Rebecca , Haapala Heidi J , Schilling Stephen G , Kalpakjian Claire Z 
Published: July 2018

AimPeople with cerebral palsy (CP) are often unable to express pain owing to cognitive or speech impairments. Reports that rely on observation can be inaccurate, because behaviours such as grimacing, common in people with spastic CP, resemble pain expressions. We examined preliminary validity and reliability of the revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (r‐FLACC) scale in people with spastic CP.MethodForty‐eight young people and adults (35 females, 13 males; mean [SD] age 29y 2mo [13y]) were video‐recorded during a standard examination, rating their pain (0–10) afterwards. Two raters completed the r‐FLACC using the video recordings. Interrater reliability was assessed with an unconditional cross‐classified random‐effects model and item response theory approach; Pearson correlations measured agreement between raters and participants.ResultsMean (SD) participant (n=48) pain scores were 2.48 (2.5) and mean (SD) r‐FLACC scores were 1.46 (1.68). There was moderate agreement between raters (intraclass coefficient 0.41 and 0.57 respectively) but low agreement between participants and raters (r=0.26). There were no significant effects for raters (lay observers, nurses, physicians, and inexperienced raters).InterpretationResults provide mixed support for the interrater reliability of the r‐FLACC in people with spastic CP.What this paper adds

The revised Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (r‐FLACC) scale can be reliably used by experts and lay raters for people with spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Support is mixed for interrater reliability of the r‐FLACC scale used with people with spastic CP.
Long‐lived murine osteocytes are embodied by craniofacial skeleton in young and old animals whereas they decrease in number in postcranial skeletons at older ages
Authors: Stigler Robert G. , Becker Kathrin , Kloss Frank R. , Gassner Robert , Lepperdinger Günter 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundOsteocytes are engaged in life‐enduring processes such as bone remodelling, fracture healing or osseointegration of implants. Over age, ossification processes and regenerative capacity can greatly differ in mandible and femur.ObjectiveMesenchymal stem cells from cranial and postcranial bones are of different embryologic origin. This may be the reason why the regenerative capacity differs between cranial and postcranial bones in old patients. It was hypothesised that different ageing patterns, reflected by osteocyte density, lacunar density and osteoid formation, exist between murine mandibles and femurs.Material and methodsMandible and femur of young (4 months) and old (34‐36 months old) male C57Bl/6 mice were histologically investigated to determine the number of lacunae occupied with osteocytes. Osteoid formation was revealed by Masson‐Goldner staining, and the spatial distribution of BMP‐2 synthesis was examined.ResultsOver lifetime, the number of lacunae occupied with osteocytes only showed a modest decrease in mandibular bone (old 85.63%/young 91.12%) while greatly diverging in the femur (old 55.99%/young 93.28%). In equal measure, old femur exhibited less osteoid formation and decreased BMP‐2 expression.ConclusionTissue‐specific conduct of bone ageing is moulded by osteocytic activities, which was found to vary between postcranial and craniofacial skeleton. The latter harbours long‐lived osteocytes also in old animals which assures lifelong bone integrity. Preliminary concurring findings from a human cadaver, also presented in this contribution, provided a rationale for recommending the translatability to humans.
Prevalence of diagnosed HIV infection among persons with hepatitis C virus infection: England, 2008–2014
Authors: Ireland G , Delpech V , Kirwan P , Croxford S , Lattimore S , Sabin C , Porter K , Mandal S , Simmons R 
Published: July 2018

ObjectivesIn persons with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, HIV coinfection leads to faster progression to advanced liver disease. The aim of our study was to estimate diagnosed HIV prevalence among people with evidence of current HCV infection (polymerase chain reaction positive) and examine predictors of coinfection.MethodsAdults (≥ 15 years old) with a current HCV infection reported to the Public Health England (PHE) sentinel surveillance of blood‐borne viruses were linked to the PHE national HIV database using a deterministic methodology. Descriptive and multivariate analyses were conducted.ResultsBetween 2008 and 2014, 5.0% (999/20 088) of adults with a current HCV infection were diagnosed with HIV coinfection. The majority acquired HIV through sex between men (441; 64.9%), followed by injecting drug use (153; 22.5%) and heterosexual contact (84; 12.4%). Of persons who were coinfected, 65.5% had been diagnosed with HIV infection > 6 months before their HCV diagnosis, 41.4% of whom had a negative anti‐HCV test between their HIV and HCV diagnoses. In a multivariable model among persons with current HCV infection, an HIV diagnosis was more likely among men [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.60–4.16] and persons of black ethnicity (aOR 3.19; 95% CI 1.36–7.46), and less likely among older adults (aOR 0.85 per 10‐year increase; 95% CI 0.79–0.92) and persons of Asian ethnicity (aOR 0.59; 95% CI 0.41–0.86).ConclusionsOur results indicate that the majority of diagnosed HIV and current HCV coinfections are among men who have sex with men. Safer sex campaigns should include awareness of transmission of HCV among MSM living with HIV.