bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revised Self-Report Assessment of Functional Visual Performance (R–SRAFVP)—Part I: Content Validation
Authors: Zemina Cheryl L. , Warren Mary , Yuen Hon K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We describe the development and content validation of the revised Self-Report Assessment of Functional Visual Performance (R–SRAFVP).
METHOD. The content validation process consisted of three stages: (1) three occupational therapy experts in low vision rehabilitation revised items on the 38-item SRAFVP via written feedback and semistructured interview, (2) eight occupational therapy low vision experts evaluated items for relevance and provided feedback on the rating scale, and (3) five adults with low vision provided feedback on item clarity via cognitive interviewing.
RESULTS. In Stage 1 review, 21 items were added, totaling 59 items. In Stage 2 evaluation, 9 items were eliminated, resulting in the 50-item R–SRAFVP with a 4-point scale. The scale content validity index of the R–SRAFVP was .9. Stage 3 cognitive interviewing provided no substantive changes in content.
CONCLUSION. R–SRAFVP content was relevant to evaluate the ability of adults with low vision to complete vision-dependent daily tasks and was understandable by these participants.
A statistical examination of the effects of stratospheric sulfate geoengineering on tropical storm genesis
Authors: Wang Qin , Moore John C. , Ji Duoying 
Published: July 2018

Abstract. The thermodynamics of the ocean and atmosphere partly determine variability in tropical cyclone (TC) number and intensity and are readily accessible from climate model output, but an accurate description of TC variability requires much higher spatial and temporal resolution than the models used in the GeoMIP (Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project) experiments provide. The genesis potential index (GPI) and ventilation index (VI) are combinations of dynamic and thermodynamic variables that provide proxies for TC activity under different climate states. Here we use five CMIP5 models that have run the RCP4.5 experiment and the GeoMIP stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) G4 experiment to calculate the two TC indices over the 2020 to 2069 period across the six ocean basins that generate TCs. GPI is consistently and significantly lower under G4 than RCP4.5 in five out of six ocean basins, but it increases under G4 in the South Pacific. The models project potential intensity and relative humidity to be the dominant variables affecting GPI. Changes in vertical wind shear are significant, but it is correlated with relative humidity, though with different relations across both models and ocean basins. We find that tropopause temperature is not a useful addition to sea surface temperature (SST) in projecting TC genesis, perhaps because the earth system models (ESMs) vary in their simulation of the various upper-tropospheric changes induced by the aerosol injection.
Defining data librarianship: a survey of competencies, skills, and training
Authors: Federer Lisa 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: Many librarians are taking on new roles in research data services. However, the emerging field of data librarianship, including specific roles and competencies, has not been clearly established. This study aims to better define data librarianship by exploring the skills and knowledge that data librarians utilize and the training that they need to succeed.Methods: Librarians who do data-related work were surveyed about their work and educational backgrounds and asked to rate the relevance of a set of data-related skills and knowledge to their work.Results: Respondents considered a broad range of skills and knowledge important to their work, especially “soft skills” and personal characteristics, like communication skills and the ability to develop relationships with researchers. Traditional library skills like cataloging and collection development were considered less important. A cluster analysis of the responses revealed two types of data librarians: data generalists, who tend to provide data services across a variety of fields, and subject specialists, who tend to provide more specialized services to a distinct discipline.Discussion: The findings of this study suggest that data librarians provide a broad range of services to their users and, therefore, need a variety of skills and expertise. Libraries hiring a data librarian may wish to consider whether their communities will be best served by a data generalist or a subject specialist and write their job postings accordingly. These findings also have implications for library schools, which could consider adjusting their curricula to better prepare their students for data librarian roles. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor in Female Genital Tract
Authors: Shukla Pratibha Sharma , Mittal Khushbakhat 
Published: July 2018

Context.—
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a mesenchymal neoplasm of low malignant potential. It was first described in lung, but is known to occur in many extrapulmonary sites including female genital organs, most commonly the uterus. It has a high recurrence rate and a low risk for metastasis. A more recently described aggressive variant, epithelioid myofibroblastic sarcoma with a predilection for the abdominal cavity of males, has also been recently reported to occur in the ovary. This tumor is composed of spindled and epithelioid myofibroblasts in a variably myxoid stroma and commonly shows a fascicular growth pattern with positive staining for desmin, smooth muscle actin, and CD10, which may mimic a smooth muscle or endometrial stromal neoplasm. In the female genital tract it has the potential for being misdiagnosed as a leiomyoma, endometrial stromal tumor, or as a myxoid leiomyosarcoma, resulting in undertreatment or overtreatment. It harbors rearrangements in the ALK gene, resulting in abnormal expression of ALK protein. Immunostaining for ALK is a helpful diagnostic tool.

Objective.—
To provide a brief review of clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor with emphasis on possible diagnostic pitfalls in the female genital tract.

Data Sources.—
Review of pertinent literature on inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor occurring in the female genital tract and personal experience of the authors.

Conclusions.—
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in the female genital tract can mimic other more common benign and malignant tumors like leiomyoma, leiomyosarcoma, and endometrial stromal sarcoma. Familiarity with clinical and histologic features and use of ALK immunostaining can be critical for correct diagnosis.
Responses of an oyster host (Crassostrea virginica) and its protozoan parasite (Perkinsus marinus) to increasing air temperature
Authors: Malek Jennafer C. , Byers James E. 
Published: July 2018

Background
Changes in climate are predicted to influence parasite and pathogen infection patterns in terrestrial and marine environments. Increases in temperature in particular may greatly alter biological processes, such as host-parasite interactions. For example, parasites could differentially benefit from increased reproduction and transmission or hosts could benefit from elevated immune responses that may mediate or even eliminate infections. In the southeastern United States, the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is infected by the lethal protozoan parasite, Perkinsus marinus. Under field conditions, intertidal (air-exposed) oysters have been found to have significantly higher P. marinus infection intensity and marginally higher infection prevalence than subtidal (submerged) oysters. During summer, air temperatures are much warmer than water and this exposure of intertidal oysters to higher temperatures is a suggested mechanism for increased infection intensity.

Methods
We simulated intertidal exposure using controlled laboratory experiments to determine how host traits (survival and immune response) and parasite infection intensity will respond to elevated air temperature ranging from 27 °C to 53 °C during emersion at low tide. In Georgia, where our work was conducted, the average summer water temperature is 29 °C and the average maximum high air temperature in July is 33 °C (though oysters have been shown to survive at much higher air temperatures).

Results
Host survival declined as temperature increased, with a definitive drop-off between 39–43 °C. Negative effects of air temperature on host immune response (phagocytic activity) were detectable only at extremely high temperatures (47–50 °C) when hosts were suffering acute mortality. Parasite infection intensity peaked at 35 °C.

Discussion
Our results suggest that an increase in average summer air temperature to 35 °C or higher could affect oyster survival directly through temperature-related impacts in the short-term and indirectly through increased P. marinus infection intensity over the long-term.
Novel inflammatory cell infiltration scoring system to investigate healthy and footrot affected ovine interdigital skin
Authors: Agbaje Michael , Rutland Catrin S. , Maboni Grazieli , Blanchard Adam , Bexon Melissa , Stewart Ceri , Jones Michael A. , Totemeyer Sabine 
Published: July 2018

Ovine footrot is a degenerative disease of sheep feet leading to the separation of hoof-horn from the underlying skin and lameness. This study quantitatively examined histological features of the ovine interdigital skin as well as their relationship with pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1β) and virulent Dichelobacter nodosus in footrot. From 55 healthy and 30 footrot ovine feet, parallel biopsies (one fixed for histology) were collected post-slaughter and analysed for lesions and histopathological analysis using haematoxylin and eosin and Periodic Acid-Schiff. Histological lesions were similar in both conditions while inflammatory scores mirror IL-1β expression levels. Increased inflammatory score corresponded with high virulent D. nodosus load and was significant (p < 0.0001) in footrot feet with an inflammatory score of 3 compared to scores 1 and 2. In addition, in contrast to healthy tissues, localisation of eubacterial load extended beyond follicular depths in footrot samples. The novel inflammatory cell infiltration scoring system in this study may be used to grade inflammatory response in the ovine feet and demonstrated an association between severity of inflammatory response and increased virulent D. nodosus load.
The Polar/Antipolar Phase Boundary of BiMnO3–BiFeO3–PbTiO3: Interplay among Crystal Structure, Point Defects, and Multiferroism
Authors: Fernández‐Posada Carmen M. , Castro Alicia , Kiat Jean‐Michel , Porcher Florence , Peña Octavio , Jiménez Ricardo , Algueró Miguel , Amorín Harvey 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe ferromagnetic perovskite oxide BiMnO3 is a highly topical material, and the solid solutions it forms with antiferromagnetic/ferroelectric BiFeO3 and with ferroelectric PbTiO3 result in distinctive polar/nonpolar morphotropic phase boundaries (MPBs). The exploitation of such a type of MPBs could be a novel approach to engineer novel multiferroics with phase‐change magnetoelectric responses, in addition to ferroelectrics with enhanced electromechanical performance. Here, the interplay among crystal structure, point defects, and multiferroic properties of the BiMnO3–BiFeO3–PbTiO3 ternary system at its line of MPBs between polymorphs of tetragonal P4mm (polar) and orthorhombic Pnma (antipolar) symmetries is reported. A strong dependence of the phase coexistence on thermal history is found: phase percentage significantly changes whether the material is quenched or slowly cooled from high temperature. The origin of this phenomenon is investigated with temperature‐dependent structural and physical property characterizations. A major role of the complex defect chemistry, where a Bi/Pb‐deficiency allows Mn and Fe ions to have a mixed‐valence state, in the delicate balance between polymorphs is proposed, and its influence in the magnetic and electric ferroic orders is defined.
Spherical Triboelectric Nanogenerators Based on Spring‐Assisted Multilayered Structure for Efficient Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Xiao Tian Xiao , Liang Xi , Jiang Tao , Xu Liang , Shao Jia Jia , Nie Jin Hui , Bai Yu , Zhong Wei , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: July 2018

AbstractMaking use of water wave energy at large is one of the most attractive, low‐carbon, and renewable ways to generate electric power. The emergence of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) provides a new approach for effectively harvesting such low‐frequency, irregular, and “random” energy. In this work, a TENG array consisting of spherical TENG units based on spring‐assisted multilayered structure is devised to scavenge water wave energy. The introduction of spring structure enhances the output performance of the spherical TENG by transforming low‐frequency water wave motions into high‐frequency vibrations, while the multilayered structure increases the space utilization, leading to a higher output of a spherical unit. Owing to its unique structure, the output current of one spherical TENG unit could reach 120 µA, which is two orders of magnitude larger than that of previous rolling spherical TENG, and a maximum output power up to 7.96 mW is realized as triggered by the water waves. The TENG array fabricated by integrating four units is demonstrated to successfully drive dozens of light‐emitting diodes and power an electronic thermometer. This study provides a new type of TENG device with improved performance toward large‐scale blue energy harvesting from the water waves.
1D versus 2D Growth of Soluble Acene Crystals from Soluble Acene/Polymer Blends Governed by a Residual Solvent Reservoir in a Phase‐Separated Polymer Matrix
Authors: Lee Jung Hun , Choi Hyun Ho , Park Yeong Don , Anthony John E. , Lim Jung Ah , Cho Jangwhan , Chung Dae Sung , Hwang Jinhyun , Jang Ho Won , Cho Kilwon , Lee Wi Hyoung 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe growth mechanism of soluble acene is highly dependent on the remaining residual solvent following solution processing. The relationship between the amount of residual solvent and the growth modes of a prototypical soluble acene, 6,13‐bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS‐pentacene) are examined under spin casting TIPS‐pentacene/insulating polymer blends. Changing spin time of the blend solution allows to control the amount of residual solvent, which significantly determines the growth modes of TIPS‐pentacene vertically segregated onto the insulating polymer. In situ observation of crystal growth reveals that excess residual solvent in short spin time induces a convective flow in a drying droplet, thereby resulting in 1D growth of TIPS‐pentacene crystals. On the other hand, optimal amount of residual solvent in a moderate spin time results in 2D growth of TIPS‐pentacene crystals. The well‐developed 2D spherulites allow for higher field‐effect mobility than that of the 1D crystals because of the higher perfectness and coverage of TIPS‐pentacene crystals. The use of other types of soluble acene and insulating polymer only changes the kinetics of crystallization, while the transition of growth mode from 1D to 2D is still observed. This general growth mechanism facilitates the understanding of crystallization behavior of soluble acene for the development of high‐performance organic transistors.
Nucleation‐Controlled Plasticity of Metallic Nanowires and Nanoparticles
Authors: Mordehai Dan , David Omer , Kositski Roman 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNanowires and nanoparticles are envisioned as important elements of future technology and devices, owing to their unique mechanical properties. Metallic nanowires and nanoparticles demonstrate outstanding size‐dependent strength since their deformation is dislocation nucleation‐controlled. In this context, the recent experimental and computational studies of nucleation‐controlled plasticity are reviewed. The underlying microstructural mechanisms that govern the strength of nanowires and the origin of their stochastic nature are also discussed. Nanoparticles, in which the stress state under compression is nonuniform, exhibit a shape‐dependent strength. Perspectives on improved methods to study nucleation‐controlled plasticity are discussed, as well the insights gained for microstructural‐based design of mechanical properties at the nanoscale.
MOF‐Confined Sub‐2 nm Atomically Ordered Intermetallic PdZn Nanoparticles as High‐Performance Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene
Authors: Hu Mingzhen , Zhao Shu , Liu Shoujie , Chen Chen , Chen Wenxing , Zhu Wei , Liang Chao , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Wang Yu , Yu Yi , Peng Qing , Zhou Kebin , Li Jun , Li Yadong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractControllable synthesis of ultrasmall atomically ordered intermetallic nanoparticles is a challenging task, owing to the high temperature commonly required for the formation of intermetallic phases. Here, a metal–organic framework (MOF)‐confined co‐reduction strategy is developed for the preparation of sub‐2 nm intermetallic PdZn nanoparticles, by employing the well‐defined porous structures of calcinated ZIF‐8 (ZIF‐8C) and an in situ co‐reduction therein. HAADF‐STEM, HRTEM, and EDS characterizations reveal the homogeneous dispersion of these sub‐2 nm intermetallic PdZn nanoparticles within the ZIF‐8C frameworks. XRD, XPS, and EXAFS measurements further confirm the atomically ordered intermetallic phase nature of these sub‐2 nm PdZn nanoparticles. Selective hydrogenation of acetylene evaluation results show the excellent catalytic properties of the sub‐2 nm intermetallic PdZn, which result from the energetically more favorable path for acetylene hydrogenation and ethylene desorption over the ultrasmall particles than over larger‐sized intermetallic PdZn as revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, this protocol is also extendable for the preparation of sub‐2 nm intermetallic PtZn nanoparticles and is expected to provide a novel methodology in synthesizing ultrasmall atomically ordered intermetallic nanomaterials by rationally functionalizing MOFs.
Conjugated Polymer Blends for High Contrast Black‐to‐Transmissive Electrochromism
Authors: Savagian Lisa R. , Österholm Anna M. , Shen Dwanleen Eric , Christiansen Dylan T. , Kuepfert Michael , Reynolds John R. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNext‐generation electrochromic technologies, such as dimmable fenestration, eyewear integrated displays, and optical shutters require materials that reversibly transition between highly transmissive and broadly absorbing achromatic states, often with minimal intermediate coloration. In this work, it is shown how the properties of dioxythiophene‐based electrochromic polymers (ECPs) can be leveraged through straightforward color mixing to yield high‐contrast, black‐to‐transmissive materials with low driving voltages (<1 V), extended functional lifetimes, and minimal transient chromaticity. Drawing from a family of five soluble colored‐to‐colorless switching polymers (including ECP‐cyan, ‐green, ‐magenta, ‐yellow, and a newly reported ECP‐orange), three unique cathodically coloring polymer blends are reported, with achromatic neutral states (C*ab
< 5) and integrated optical contrast exceeding 40% across the entire visible spectrum (380–780 nm). By incorporating different high‐gap and dual‐band absorbing ECPs, subtle control is demonstrated over both the extreme and intermediate coloration of the blends. This work showcases how solution coprocessing of ECPs can be used to access highly targeted achromatic hues while also enabling fine‐tuned neutral optical transition between black and transmissive states.
High‐Performance Multilayer Encapsulation for Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Wong‐Stringer Michael , Game Onkar S. , Smith Joel A. , Routledge Thomas J. , Alqurashy Bakhet A. , Freestone Benjamin G. , Parnell Andrew J. , Vaenas Naoum , Kumar Vikas , Alawad Majed O. A. , Iraqi Ahmed , Rodenburg Cornelia , Lidzey David G. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAn encapsulation system comprising of a UV‐curable epoxy, a solution processed polymer interlayer, and a glass cover‐slip, is used to increase the stability of methylammonium lead triiodide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite planar inverted architecture photovoltaic (PV) devices. It is found this encapsulation system acts as an efficient barrier to extrinsic degradation processes (ingress of moisture and oxygen), and that the polymer acts as a barrier that protects the PV device from the epoxy before it is fully cured. This results in devices that maintain 80% of their initial power conversion efficiency after 1000 h of AM1.5 irradiation. Such devices are used as a benchmark and are compared with devices having initially enhanced efficiency as a result of a solvent annealing process. It is found that such solvent‐annealed devices undergo enhanced burn‐in and have a reduced long‐term efficiency, a result demonstrating that initially enhanced device efficiency does not necessarily result in long‐term stability.
Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of the Hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan Core and Concise Total Synthesis of Polyflavanostilbene B
Authors: Wang Xujie , Liu Fu , Yun Juping , Feng Ziming , Jiang Jianshuang , Yang Yanan , Zhang Peicheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe first synthesis of polyflavanostilbene B (1), which has seven contiguous stereocenters including two quaternary carbon centers, from abundant polymeric (−)‐epicatechin gallate on a gram scale in three steps without the use of protecting groups is reported. The key transformations of this strategy include a regioselective and stereoselective substitution of resveratrol to give the 4‐derivative of (−)‐epicatechin 3‐gallate and an iron‐catalyzed cyclization reaction. The possible radical cyclization mechanism in the formation of the hexahydrocyclopenta[c]furan core is also discussed.
Generation and Application of (Diborylmethyl)zinc(II) Species: Access to Enantioenriched gem‐Diborylalkanes by an Asymmetric Allylic Substitution
Authors: Lee Yeosan , Park Jinyoung , Cho Seung Hwan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWe report the successful generation of (diborylmethyl)zinc(II) species by transmetallation beteween isolable (diborylmethyl)lithium and zinc(II) halide (X=Br, Cl) and their application in the synthesis of enantioenriched gem‐diborylalkanes bearing a stereogenic center at the β‐position of the diboryl groups by an asymmetric allylic substitution reaction. The reaction has a broad substrate scope, and various enantioenriched gem‐diborylalkanes can be obtained in good yields with excellent enantioselectivity. Further elaboration of the enantioenriched gem‐diborylalkanes provides access to a diverse set of valuable chiral building blocks.
Molekularer Rubin unter Druck
Authors: Otto Sven , Harris Joe P. , Heinze Katja , Reber Christian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDie intensiv lumineszierenden Chrom(III)‐Komplexe [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ und [Cr(H2tpda)2]3+ zeigen eine überraschende druckinduzierte Rotverschiebung ihrer scharfen Spin‐Flip‐Emissionsbanden von bis zu −15 cm−1 kbar−1 (ddpd=N,N′‐Dimethyl‐N,N′‐dipyridin‐2‐yl‐pyridin‐2,6‐diamin; H2tpda=2,6‐Bis(2‐pyridylamino)pyridin). Diese Verschiebung ist 20‐mal stärker als die des etablierten Druckstandards Rubin Al2O3:Cr3+. Die sehr hohe Quantenausbeute von [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ erlaubt zudem sogar optische Druckmessungen in Wasser und Methanol. Diese einzigartigen Merkmale der molekularen Rubine [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ und [Cr(H2tpda)2]3+ ermöglichen hoch‐empfindliche optische Druckmessungen und eine bislang beispiellose Druckmessung mithilfe eines einzigen molekularen Luminophor‐Typs.