bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombus aspiration in late presenters with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction: A single‐center randomized trial
Authors: Rezq Ahmed , Saad Marwan 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo examine whether routine thrombus aspiration (TA) is associated with improved myocardial salvage in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presenting ≥12 h after onset of symptoms.BackgroundTA is a recognized treatment option in patients with STEMI undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) especially in the setting of heavy thrombus burden. However, data on the role of TA in STEMI patients presenting late after onset of symptoms are limited.MethodsIn this single‐center prospective randomized study, patients with subacute STEMI presenting ≥12 and ≤48 h after symptom onset were randomized to primary PCI with or without manual TA in a 1:1 ratio. The primary endpoint was the myocardial salvage index assessed with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) on admission and 4 days later.ResultsA total of 60 patients underwent randomization. Baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. TA was associated with improved myocardial salvage index compared with control group (60.1 ± 11.1% vs 28.1 ± 21.3%; P = <0.001). Furthermore, TA was associated with improved post‐procedural TIMI flow (2.9 ± 0.3 vs 2.5 ± 0.6; P = 0.003), myocardial blush grade (2.9 ± 0.3 vs 2.2 ± 0.8, P = <0.001), and reduction in left ventricular end‐diastolic dimensions (50.4 ± 4.3 mm vs 54.4 ± 5.8 mm, P = 0.004) compared with the control group. Clinical outcomes at 30 days and 6 months were similar between both groups.ConclusionsTA might be associated with improved reperfusion and myocardial salvage especially in STEMI patients presenting after 12 h from symptom onset who are likely to have a heavy thrombus burden.
Unicystic ameloblastoma: Analysis of 370 cases in a single center in Sri Lanka
Authors: Siriwardena Bogahawatte Samarakoon Mudiyanselage Samadarani , Tennakoon Tennakoon Mudiyanselage Priyanka Bandara , Hunter Keith D. , Tilakaratne Wanninayake Mudiyanselage 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundUnicystic ameloblastoma (UA) is a variant of ameloblastoma that has a relatively benign biologic behavior and mostly occurs in a younger age group. The entire cystic lining of unicystic ameloblastoma may not always be uniformly characteristic and may partly consist of non‐specific epithelium or dentigerous cyst‐like lining. The variability seen reinforces the advice that multiple biopsies should be taken from large cystic lesions to represent the entire lesion.MethodsAll cases were retrieved from the archives of our unit from 1986 to 2016. Demographic data such as age, gender, and primary site were recorded. Histologically, all the cases were subcategorized according to the WHO 2017 classification.ResultsUA accounts for 31.1% out of all different subtypes of ameloblastoma, and male‐to‐female ratio is 1.08:1. Age ranged from 4 to 88 years with the mean age of 30.25 years. Peak incidence of UA was found in the range of 11‐20 years, and 89% of them occurred in the mandible and 55.3% in the canine‐to‐first molar region. The right side was frequent in both upper and lower jaws. Of the total sample, 233 (63%) cases were luminal and 137 (37%) cases were mural, and 13 cases recurred (3.5%).ConclusionThe present report analyzes the largest UA sample in a single center. There is a clear need for further large case‐controlled retrospective or prospective studies of the management of UA with careful and follow‐up studies to draw conclusions on the correct method of treatment of these lesions.
Congruent species delimitation of two controversial gold‐thread nanmu tree species based on morphological and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing data
Authors: Ding Xin , Xiao Jian Hua , Li Lang , Conran John G. , Li Jie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSpecies delimitation is fundamental to conservation and sustainable use of economically important forest tree species. However, the delimitation of two highly valued gold‐thread nanmu species (Phoebe bournei (Hemsl.) Yang and P. zhennan S. K. Lee & F. N. Wei) has been confusing and debated. To address this problem, we integrated morphology and restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RAD‐seq) to define their species boundaries. We obtained consistent results from the two datasets, supporting two distinct lineages corresponding to P. bournei and P. zhennan. In P. bournei, higher order leaf venation is more prominent, petioles are thicker, and leaf apex angle is narrower, compared to P. zhennan. Both datasets also revealed that the former putative P. bournei populations from northeastern Guizhou belong to P. zhennan. The two species are now distinct in distributions except in the Wuling Mountains, where they overlap. Phoebe bournei occurs mainly in central Fujian, southern Jiangxi, the Nanling Mountains, and the Wuling Mountains, whereas P. zhennan is found in the adjoining eastern regions of the Qionglai Mountains, the southern Sichuan hills, and the Wuling Mountains. The re‐delimitation of P. bournei and P. zhennan and clarification of their ranges provide a better scientific basis guiding the conservation and sustainable utilization of these tree species.
The Holocene history of low altitude Mediterranean Fagus sylvatica forests in southern France
Authors: Azuara Julien , Lebreton Vincent , Peyron Odile , Mazier Florence , Combourieu‐Nebout Nathalie 
Published: June 2018

AbstractQuestionsAs the dominant tree in many European forests, Fagus sylvatica functions as an ecosystem engineer, yet its istory remains little understood. Here we ask: (a) are there indications for its presence in southeast France during the last Glacial period; (b) what was the timing of the expansion and decline of F. sylvatica dominated forests; (c) which factors influenced their dynamics and in particular to what extent did past precipitation changes impact upon them; and (d) at which altitudes did these beech forests occur within the region?LocationLanguedoc, the French Mediterranean area.MethodThis article presents a well dated and high‐resolution pollen sequence covering the last 7,800 years from the Palavas Lagoon in the Languedoc together with a review of Fagus charcoal occurrences in the Languedoc and the lower Rhône Valley, and a review of pollen data from a compilation of 69 sites in southeast France.ResultsThe Palavas pollen sequence provides a regional summary of F. sylvatica abundance changes near the Mediterranean coast. Around 6,000 years cal BP, an abrupt transition from small beech populations to well‐developed forests is recorded. The maximum development of beech forests occurred between 4,000 and 3,000 years cal BP, while F. sylvatica started to regress after 3,000 years cal BP.ConclusionScattered F. sylvatica populations probably survived throughout southern France during the last Glacial period. F. sylvatica started to spread around 8,000 years cal BP while beech forests never expanded before 6,000 years cal BP. The complex patterns of F. sylvatica expansion in southern France after 6,000 years cal BP suggests that a combination of global (climate change) and local (human impact) factors were responsible for this major change. Recurrent abrupt climate changes, the aridity trend and human deforestation caused beech forests to decline after 3,000 years cal BP.
Counting with DNA in metabarcoding studies: How should we convert sequence reads to dietary data?
Authors: Deagle Bruce E. , Thomas Austen C. , McInnes Julie C. , Clarke Laurence J. , Vesterinen Eero J. , Clare Elizabeth L. , Kartzinel Tyler R. , Eveson J. Paige 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdvances in DNA sequencing technology have revolutionized the field of molecular analysis of trophic interactions, and it is now possible to recover counts of food DNA sequences from a wide range of dietary samples. But what do these counts mean? To obtain an accurate estimate of a consumer's diet should we work strictly with data sets summarizing frequency of occurrence of different food taxa, or is it possible to use relative number of sequences? Both approaches are applied to obtain semi‐quantitative diet summaries, but occurrence data are often promoted as a more conservative and reliable option due to taxa‐specific biases in recovery of sequences. We explore representative dietary metabarcoding data sets and point out that diet summaries based on occurrence data often overestimate the importance of food consumed in small quantities (potentially including low‐level contaminants) and are sensitive to the count threshold used to define an occurrence. Our simulations indicate that using relative read abundance (RRA) information often provides a more accurate view of population‐level diet even with moderate recovery biases incorporated; however, RRA summaries are sensitive to recovery biases impacting common diet taxa. Both approaches are more accurate when the mean number of food taxa in samples is small. The ideas presented here highlight the need to consider all sources of bias and to justify the methods used to interpret count data in dietary metabarcoding studies. We encourage researchers to continue addressing methodological challenges and acknowledge unanswered questions to help spur future investigations in this rapidly developing area of research.
Nutrient demand and fungal access to resources control the carbon allocation to the symbiotic partners in tripartite interactions of Medicago truncatula
Authors: Kafle Arjun , Garcia Kevin , Wang Xiurong , Pfeffer Philip E. , Strahan Gary D. , Bücking Heike 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLegumes form tripartite interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobia, and both root symbionts exchange nutrients against carbon from their host. The carbon costs of these interactions are substantial, but our current understanding of how the host controls its carbon allocation to individual root symbionts is limited. We examined nutrient uptake and carbon allocation in tripartite interactions of Medicago truncatula under different nutrient supply conditions, and when the fungal partner had access to nitrogen, and followed the gene expression of several plant transporters of the Sucrose Uptake Transporter (SUT) and Sugars Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) family. Tripartite interactions led to synergistic growth responses and stimulated the phosphate and nitrogen uptake of the plant. Plant nutrient demand but also fungal access to nutrients played an important role for the carbon transport to different root symbionts, and the plant allocated more carbon to rhizobia under nitrogen demand, but more carbon to the fungal partner when nitrogen was available. These changes in carbon allocation were consistent with changes in the SUT and SWEET expression. Our study provides important insights into how the host plant controls its carbon allocation under different nutrient supply conditions and changes its carbon allocation to different root symbionts to maximize its symbiotic benefits.
The US National Seed Strategy for Rehabilitation and Restoration: progress and prospects
Authors: Oldfield S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe National Seed Strategy for Rehabilitation and Restoration was developed by a partnership of 12 federal agencies and over 300 non‐federal cooperators in the United States and launched in 2015. Implementation aims to ensure the availability of genetically appropriate native seed for ecological restoration across the country. Ecological restoration is required in response to a wide range of human impacts. The four main goals of the strategy are: identification of seed needs and availability of genetically appropriate seed; research to improve seed production and ecosystem restoration; development of decision support tools for ecological restoration; and communication and outreach. With the increasing occurrence and intensity of extreme weather events including drought and related wild fires, hurricanes and flooding, native seed is increasingly required in large quantities to build ecological resilience. Acceptance of this need will be crucial to implementation of the National Seed Strategy.
Where is tuberculosis transmission happening? Insights from the literature, new tools to study transmission and implications for the elimination of tuberculosis
Authors: Auld Sara C. , Shah N. Sarita , Cohen Ted , Martinson Neil A. , Gandhi Neel R. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTMore than 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) are diagnosed worldwide each year. The majority of these cases occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries where the TB epidemic is predominantly driven by transmission. Efforts to ‘end TB’ will depend upon our ability to halt ongoing transmission. However, recent studies of new approaches to interrupt transmission have demonstrated inconsistent effects on reducing population‐level TB incidence. TB transmission occurs across a wide range of settings, that include households and hospitals, but also community‐based settings. While home‐based contact investigations and infection control programmes in hospitals and clinics have a successful track record as TB control activities, there is a gap in our knowledge of where, and between whom, community‐based transmission of TB occurs. Novel tools, including molecular epidemiology, geospatial analyses and ventilation studies, provide hope for improving our understanding of transmission in countries where the burden of TB is greatest. By integrating these diverse and innovative tools, we can enhance our ability to identify transmission events by documenting the opportunity for transmission—through either an epidemiologic or geospatial connection—alongside genomic evidence for transmission, based upon genetically similar TB strains. A greater understanding of locations and patterns of transmission will translate into meaningful improvements in our current TB control activities by informing targeted, evidence‐based public health interventions.
AdaPT: An Interactive Procedure for Multiple Testing with Side Information
Authors: Lei Lihua , Fithian William 
Published: June 2018

SummaryWe consider the problem of multiple-hypothesis testing with generic side information: for each hypothesis Hi we observe both a p-value pi and some predictor xi encoding contextual information about the hypothesis. For large-scale problems, adaptively focusing power on the more promising hypotheses (those more likely to yield discoveries) can lead to much more powerful multiple-testing procedures. We propose a general iterative framework for this problem, the adaptive p-value thresholding procedure which we call AdaPT, which adaptively estimates a Bayes optimal p-value rejection threshold and controls the false discovery rate in finite samples. At each iteration of the procedure, the analyst proposes a rejection threshold and observes partially censored p-values, estimates the false discovery proportion below the threshold and proposes another threshold, until the estimated false discovery proportion is below α. Our procedure is adaptive in an unusually strong sense, permitting the analyst to use any statistical or machine learning method she chooses to estimate the optimal threshold, and to switch between different models at each iteration as information accrues. We demonstrate the favourable performance of AdaPT by comparing it with state of the art methods in five real applications and two simulation studies.
Scotland as an optimal currency area
Authors: Binner Jane M. , Chaudhry Sajid M. , Mullineux Andrew W. , Swofford James L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe June 2016 UK referendum on continued EU membership where the people of Scotland voted to remain, while the rest of the United Kingdom voted to leave, once again makes the issue of whether Scotland is an optimal currency area very topical. England voted strongly to leave Europe while Scotland backed remain by 62% to 38%. The Scottish government published its draft bill on a second independence referendum in October 2016. The move does not mean another referendum will definitely be held, but this does raise the possibility that Scotland might choose independence and staying in the EU without the rest of the United Kingdom. If Scotland charts a course of independence from the rest of the United Kingdom, then they would likely either issue their own currency or join or form another currency area.In this paper, we test the microeconomic foundations of a common currency area for Scotland, United Kingdom, and the rest of the United Kingdom without Scotland. We find that the United Kingdom, Scotland, and the United Kingdom without Scotland all meet the microeconomic criteria for a common currency area. In contrast, banking data suggest that lending in Scotland is different from lending in the rest of the United Kingdom, adding some doubt to the issue of whether or not Scotland is a common currency area with the United Kingdom.
Unsafe Sex in the City: Risk Pricing in the London Area
Authors: Muravyev Alexander , Talavera Oleksandr 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper studies the incidence, determinants, and pricing of unprotected oral sex in the London sex services market. The analysis is based upon matched sex worker–client panel data, which were collected from ‘field reports’ on PunterNet.com website over the 1999–2009 time period. We find a steady increase in the incidence of unprotected oral sex during this period, rising from <20% to over 50% of all transactions. We show that the average premium for unprotected oral sex amounts to about 10–14% of the transaction price, and that this premium is higher if a sex worker has agency affiliation. Agency affiliated sex workers are also less likely to engage in unprotected oral sex compared to independent sex workers.
Correlations between resistance training‐induced changes on phase angle and biochemical markers in older women
Authors: Tomeleri C. M. , Ribeiro A. S. , Cavaglieri C. R. , Deminice R. , Schoenfeld B. J. , Schiavoni D. , dos Santos L. , de Souza M. F. , Antunes M. , Venturini D. , Barbosa D. S. , Sardinha L. B. , Cyrino E. S. 
Published: June 2018

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) on phase angle (PhA), inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and to evaluate whether these RT‐induced adaptations are related to PhA changes. Fifty‐one older women (70.6 ± 5.1 years; 26.9 ± 4.2 kg/m2) were randomly allocated into a training group (TG) that performed 12‐week RT or a nonexercising control group (CG). The PhA (Xitron), body composition (DXA), and blood sample measurements (after a 12 hours fast) were performed before and after the intervention. The TG showed a significant (P < .05) increase in PhA (TG: +7.4±5.9% vs CG: −3.6 ± 8.8%), and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10; TG: +51.8 ± 71.1% vs CG: −46.6 ± 38.0%), and a decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α; TG: −15.2 ± 11.1% vs CG: +6.9±17.7%), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6; TG: −17.9 ± 17.8% vs CG: +6.1 ± 24.8%), and C‐reactive protein (CRP; TG: −24.1 ± 19.9% vs CG: +43.8 ± 31.1%). Moreover, TG upregulated catalase (TG: +11.4 ± 15.0% vs CG: −6.7 ± 10.2%). Changes in TNF‐α (r = −.71), CRP (r = −.65), lower advanced oxidation protein products (r = −.55), and catalase (r = +.73) after RT were correlated with changes in PhA (P < .05). These results suggest that RT improves PhA, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and the changes in inflammatory and oxidative damage markers are correlated with changes in PhA.
Post‐exercise ankle blood pressure and ankle to brachial index after heavy load bicycle exercise
Authors: Godet R. , Bruneau A. , Vielle B. , Vincent F. , Le Tourneau T. , Carre F. , Hupin D. , Hamel J. F. , Abraham P. , Henni S. 
Published: June 2018

The American Heart Association (AHA) recommendations for diagnosing peripheral artery disease (PAD) after exercise are a decrease >20% of ankle brachial index (ABI) or >30 mm Hg of ankle systolic blood pressure (ASBP) from resting values. We evaluated ABI and ASBP values during incremental maximal exercise in physically active and asymptomatic patients. Patients (n = 726) underwent incremental bicycle tests with pre‐ and post‐exercise recording of all four limbs arterial pressures simultaneously. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to define the correlation between post‐exercise ABI with various clinical factors, including age. Thereafter, the population was divided into groups of age: less than 40 (G < 40), from 40 to 44 (G40/44) from 45 to 49 (G45/49), from 50 to 54 (G50/54), from 55 to 59 (G55/59), from 60 to 64 (G60/64), and 65 and above (G ≥ 65) years. Results are mean ± SD. * is two‐tailed P < .05 for ANOVA with Dunnett's post‐hoc test from G40. Changes from rest in ASBP were −3 ± 22 (G < 40), −2 ± 20 (G40/44), 4 ± 22* (G45/49), 10 ± 25* (G50/54), 18 ± 21* (G55/59), 23 ± 27* (G60/64), and 16 ± 22* (G ≥ 65) mm Hg. Decreases from rest in ABI were 32 ± 9 (G < 40), 33 ± 9 (G40/44), 29 ± 8 (G45/49), 27 ± 10* (G50/54), 24 ± 7* (G55/59), 22 ± 12* (G60/64), and 21 ± 12* (G ≥ 65) % of resting ABI. Maximal incremental exercise results in ABI and ASBP changes are mostly dependent on age. The AHA limits for post‐exercise ABI are inadequate following maximal incremental bicycle testing. Future studies detecting PAD in active patients should account for the effect of age.
Evolution, systematics, and natural history of a new genus of cryptobiotic fungus‐growing ants
Authors: SOSA‐CALVO JEFFREY , SCHULTZ TED R. , JEŠOVNIK ANA , DAHAN ROMAIN A. , RABELING CHRISTIAN 
Published: June 2018

AbstractXerolitor, a new, monotypic genus of fungus‐growing ants, is described to accommodate the phylogenetically isolated, relict speciesMycetosoritis explicatusKempf. We also diagnose the male and the larva ofXerolitor explicatus(Kempf)comb.n.and report ecological observations for the species, including nest architecture and foraging behaviour.Xerolitor explicatuscomb.n.inhabits the dry habitats of the Brazilian Cerrado and the Bolivian and Paraguayan Gran Chaco. Bayesian multilocus phylogenetic analyses indicate thatX. explicatuscomb.n.is, contrary to some prior hypotheses, a member of the ‘higher’ fungus‐growing ants and the sister taxon of the genusSericomyrmexMayr. Results from phylogenetic analyses of the fungal cultivar grown byX. explicatuscomb.n.in Paraguay, as well as the presence of gongylidia, indicate that the fungal mutualist is a member of the clade of higher fungal cultivar species and that it is probably the same species cultivated by someTrachymyrmexForel andSericomyrmexspecies.