bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a simple equation for glomerular filtration rate measurement based on plasma iohexol disappearance
Authors: Ng Derek K , Levey Andrew S , Shlipak Michael G , Muñoz Alvaro , Inker Lesley A , Shafi Tariq 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
A simple equation for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement based on only plasma samples during the slow compartment after injection of iohexol was previously developed among children with chronic kidney disease and adult men with or at risk of HIV infection [Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD)-Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) equation], but has not been externally validated. We aimed to evaluate the performance of the CKiD-MACS equation among elderly participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort who underwent directly measured iohexol GFR.

Methods
Using data from 287 participants of the MESA-Kidney study who underwent a five-sample measured iohexol GFR (two and three samples in the fast and slow compartments, respectively), we assessed the performance of the CKiD-MACS equation using only plasma samples in the slow compartment by sex, race and age. Agreement was assessed by bias, correlation, proportion within 5 and 10%, and the root mean square error (RMSE).

Results
The average age and GFR of the participants were 71 years and 70.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, and 46% were black. The equation yielded excellent agreement within stratified groups with high correlation (>0.96), low bias (≤1.2 mL/min/1.73 m2) and low RMSE (<4.2 mL/min/1.73 m2).

Conclusions
The CKiD-MACS equation demonstrated valid GFR measurement using only samples in the slow compartment in this racially diverse, elderly population. While the equation yielded practically the same results as the original Brochner-Mortensen equation, the CKiD-MACS equation conforms to theoretical principles embedded in the two-compartment model of direct GFR measurement.
Spatial analysis of demand for sparsely located ecosystem services using alternative index approaches
Authors: Granado-Díaz Rubén , Gómez-Limón José A , Rodríguez-Entrena Macario , Villanueva Anastasio J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This study focuses on the effects of spatial discounting and substitutes sites on the demand for ecosystem services (ES) provided by scattered agroecosystems. New ways of modelling these two effects are proposed, relying on area-based and density-based indices. Data from discrete choice experiments are used, based on a case study of Andalusian olive groves (southern Spain). The results show that model fit is significantly improved by the introduction of these spatial indices, with the best outcome found for the area-based index combined with the inverse of the distance. Results provide evidence of substantial spatial heterogeneity depending on the ES (carbon sequestration, soil conservation and biodiversity), indicating different economic jurisdictions.
Dosage Compensation throughout the Schistosoma mansoni Lifecycle: Specific Chromatin Landscape of the Z Chromosome
Authors: Picard Marion A L , Vicoso Beatriz , Roquis David , Bulla Ingo , Augusto Ronaldo C , Arancibia Nathalie , Grunau Christoph , Boissier Jérôme , Cosseau Céline 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDifferentiated sex chromosomes are accompanied by a difference in gene dose between X/Z-specific and autosomal genes. At the transcriptomic level, these sex-linked genes can lead to expression imbalance, or gene dosage can be compensated by epigenetic mechanisms and results into expression level equalization. Schistosoma mansoni has been previously described as a ZW species (i.e., female heterogamety, in opposition to XY male heterogametic species) with a partial dosage compensation, but underlying mechanisms are still unexplored. Here, we combine transcriptomic (RNA-Seq) and epigenetic data (ChIP-Seq against H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H4K20me1 histone marks) in free larval cercariae and intravertebrate parasitic stages. For the first time, we describe differences in dosage compensation status in ZW females, depending on the parasitic status: free cercariae display global dosage compensation, whereas intravertebrate stages show a partial dosage compensation. We also highlight regional differences of gene expression along the Z chromosome in cercariae, but not in the intravertebrate stages. Finally, we feature a consistent permissive chromatin landscape of the Z chromosome in both sexes and stages. We argue that dosage compensation in schistosomes is characterized by chromatin remodeling mechanisms in the Z-specific region.
Associations of Awareness of Age-Related Change With Emotional and Physical Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sabatini Serena , Silarova Barbora , Martyr Anthony , Collins Rachel , Ballard Clive , Anstey Kaarin J , Kim Sarang , Clare Linda 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
This systematic review aimed to synthesize and quantify the associations of awareness of age-related change (AARC) with emotional well-being, physical well-being, and cognitive functioning.

Research Design and Methods
We conducted a systematic review with a correlational random effects meta-analysis. We included quantitative studies, published from January 1, 2009 to October 3, 2018, exploring associations between AARC and one or more of the following outcomes: emotional well-being, physical well-being, and cognitive functioning. We assessed heterogeneity (I2) and publication bias.

Results
We included 12 studies in the review, 9 exploring the association between AARC and emotional well-being and 11 exploring the association between AARC and physical well-being. No study explored the association between AARC and cognitive functioning. Six articles were included in the meta-analysis. We found a moderate association between a higher level of AARC gains and better emotional well-being (r = .33; 95% CI 0.18, 0.47; p &lt;.001; I2 = 76.01) and between a higher level of AARC losses and poorer emotional (r = −.31; 95% CI −0.38, −0.24; p &lt; .001; I2 = 0.00) and physical well-being (r = −.38; 95% CI −0.51, −0.24; p &lt; .001; I2 = 83.48). We found a negligible association between AARC gains and physical well-being (r = .08; 95% CI 0.02, 0.14; p &lt; .122; I2 = 0.00). Studies were of medium to high methodological quality.

Discussion and Implications
There is some indication that AARC gains and losses can play a role in emotional well-being and that AARC losses are associated with physical well-being. However, the number of included studies is limited and there was some indication of heterogeneity.

PROSPERO Registration
CRD42018111472.
A collection of yeast cellular electron cryotomography data
Authors: Gan Lu , Ng Cai Tong , Chen Chen , Cai Shujun 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Cells are powered by a large set of macromolecular complexes, which work together in a crowded environment. The in situ mechanisms of these complexes are unclear because their 3D distribution, organization, and interactions are largely unknown. Electron cryotomography (cryo-ET) can address these knowledge gaps because it produces cryotomograms—3D images that reveal biological structure at ~4-nm resolution. Cryo-ET uses no fixation, dehydration, staining, or plastic embedment, so cellular features are visualized in a life-like, frozen-hydrated state. To study chromatin and mitotic machinery in situ, we subjected yeast cells to genetic and chemical perturbations, cryosectioned them, and then imaged the cells by cryo-ET.

Findings
Here we share &gt;1,000 cryo-ET raw datasets of cryosectioned budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaecollected as part of previously published studies. These data will be valuable to cell biologists who are interested in the nanoscale organization of yeasts and of eukaryotic cells in general. All the unpublished tilt series and a subset of corresponding cryotomograms have been deposited in the EMPIAR resource for the community to use freely. To improve tilt series discoverability, we have uploaded metadata and preliminary notes to publicly accessible Google Sheets, EMPIAR, and GigaDB.

Conclusions
Cellular cryo-ET data can be mined to obtain new cell-biological, structural, and 3D statistical insights in situ. These data contain structures not visible in traditional electron-microscopy data. Template matching and subtomogram averaging of known macromolecular complexes can reveal their 3D distributions and low-resolution structures. Furthermore, these data can serve as testbeds for high-throughput image-analysis pipelines, as training sets for feature-recognition software, for feasibility analysis when planning new structural-cell-biology projects, and as practice data for students.
A nonparametric updating method to correct clinical prediction model drift
Authors: Davis Sharon E , Greevy Robert A , Fonnesbeck Christopher , Lasko Thomas A , Walsh Colin G , Matheny Michael E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Objective
Clinical prediction models require updating as performance deteriorates over time. We developed a testing procedure to select updating methods that minimizes overfitting, incorporates uncertainty associated with updating sample sizes, and is applicable to both parametric and nonparametric models.

Materials and Methods
We describe a procedure to select an updating method for dichotomous outcome models by balancing simplicity against accuracy. We illustrate the test’s properties on simulated scenarios of population shift and 2 models based on Department of Veterans Affairs inpatient admissions.

Results
In simulations, the test generally recommended no update under no population shift, no update or modest recalibration under case mix shifts, intercept correction under changing outcome rates, and refitting under shifted predictor-outcome associations. The recommended updates provided superior or similar calibration to that achieved with more complex updating. In the case study, however, small update sets lead the test to recommend simpler updates than may have been ideal based on subsequent performance.

Discussion
Our test’s recommendations highlighted the benefits of simple updating as opposed to systematic refitting in response to performance drift. The complexity of recommended updating methods reflected sample size and magnitude of performance drift, as anticipated. The case study highlights the conservative nature of our test.

Conclusions
This new test supports data-driven updating of models developed with both biostatistical and machine learning approaches, promoting the transportability and maintenance of a wide array of clinical prediction models and, in turn, a variety of applications relying on modern prediction tools.
Body temperature patterns vary with day, season, and body condition of moose (Alces alces)
Authors: Thompson Daniel P , Barboza Perry S , Crouse John A , McDonough Thomas J , Badajos Oriana H , Herberg Andrew M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Variation in core body temperature of mammals is a result of endogenous regulation of heat from metabolism and the environment, which is affected by body size and life history. We studied moose (Alces alces) in Alaska to examine the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors on core body temperature at seasonal and daily time scales. We used a modified vaginal implant transmitter to record core body temperature in adult female moose at 5-min intervals for up to 1 year. Core body temperature in moose showed a seasonal fluctuation, with a greater daily mean core body temperature during the summer (38.2°C, 95% CI = 38.1–38.3°C) than during the winter (37.7°C, 95% CI = 37.6–37.8°C). Daily change in core body temperature was greater in summer (0.92°C, 95% CI = 0.87–0.97°C) than in winter (0.58°C, 95% CI = 0.53–0.63°C). During winter, core body temperature was lower and more variable as body fat decreased among female moose. Ambient temperature and vapor pressure accounted for a large amount of the residual variation (0.06–0.09°C) in core body temperature after accounting for variation attributed to season and individual. Ambient temperature and solar radiation had the greatest effect on the residual variation (0.17–0.20°C) of daily change in core body temperature. Our study suggests that body temperature of adult female moose is influenced by body reserves within seasons and by environmental conditions within days. When studying northern cervids, the influence of season and body condition on daily patterns of body temperature should be considered when evaluating thermal stress.
Anal abscess due to leech therapy of hemorrhoids: mumbo jumbo is still in vogue
Authors: Menteş B Bülent , Leventoğlu Sezai , Osmanov İgbal , Kösehan Dilek , Erol Timuçin 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Anorectal sepsis usually presents with anal abscesses, which may evolve to become anorectal fistulas. Most of these cases are either of cryptoglandular origin, or they develop secondary to inflammatory bowel diseases. A 32-year-old male patient applied to our Proctology Unit with severe anal pain and swelling. Three days before admission, leeches were applied to the hemorrhoidal swellings in a medical center. The abscess was drained with appropriate unroofing and search for any compartments. The patient recovered rapidly. The abscess culture and microscopy revealed mix flora with predominant Escherichia coli. After 6 months, he has been symptom-free with perfect healing of the surgical site. We need to check up on possible handicaps in our modern patient care policies that divert people to such methods. Nevertheless, such alternative methods should be regarded as nonscientific and out of context unless their efficacy and safety are documented.
Big Data Governance Needs More Collective Responsibility: The Role of Harm Mitigation in the Governance of Data Use in Medicine and Beyond
Authors: McMahon Aisling , Buyx Alena , Prainsack Barbara 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Harms arising from digital data use in the big data context are often systemic and cannot always be captured by linear cause and effect. Individual data subjects and third parties can bear the main downstream costs arising from increasingly complex forms of data uses—without being able to trace the exact data flows. Because current regulatory frameworks do not adequately address this situation, we propose a move towards harm mitigation tools to complement existing legal remedies. In this article, we make a normative and practical case for why individuals should be offered support in such contexts and how harm mitigation tools can achieve this. We put forward the idea of ‘Harm Mitigation Bodies’ (HMBs), which people could turn to when they feel they were harmed by data use but do not qualify for legal remedies, or where existing legal remedies do not address their specific circumstances. HMBs would help to obtain a better understanding of the nature, severity, and frequency of harms occurring from both lawful and unlawful data use, and they could also provide financial support in some cases. We set out the role and form of these HMBs for the first time in this article.
Combining Ab Interno Kahook Trabeculectomy with Gonioscopy-Assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy Reduces Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Widder Jared R , Schmitz Joseph W 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) provides a safe option for individuals with mild to moderate open-angle glaucoma to reduce their need for pharmacologic therapy or more extensive ab externo surgeries. In this report, we describe a surgical technique using both the Kahook Dual Blade and Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT), to treat a 23-year-old active duty female with idiopathic uveitis and subsequent corticosteroid-induced glaucoma who presented with consistently elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements despite maximal pharmacologic interventions. This combination was effective in consistently lowering intraocular pressure for at least 12 months in a young, phakic, active duty patient with uveitis and steroid-responsive open-angle glaucoma.
Coevolution of Sites under Immune Selection Shapes Epstein–Barr Virus Population Structure
Authors: Wegner Fanny , Lassalle Florent , Depledge Daniel P , Balloux François , Breuer Judith 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) is one of the most common viral infections in humans and persists within its host for life. EBV therefore represents an extremely successful virus that has evolved complex strategies to evade the host’s innate and adaptive immune response during both initial and persistent stages of infection. Here, we conducted a comparative genomics analysis on 223 whole genome sequences of worldwide EBV strains. We recover extensive genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) despite pervasive genetic recombination. This pattern is explained by the global EBV population being subdivided into three main subpopulations, one primarily found in East Asia, one in Southeast Asia and Oceania, and the third including most of the other globally distributed genomes we analyzed. Additionally, sites in LD were overrepresented in immunogenic genes. Taken together, our results suggest that host immune selection and local adaptation to different human host populations has shaped the genome-wide patterns of genetic diversity in EBV.
Combined Internal Maxillary Artery to Middle Cerebral Artery and In Situ Middle Cerebral to Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass for Complex Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm: 3-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: White Timothy G , Klironomos Georgios , Langer David J , Katz Jeffrey , Dehdashti Amir R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Flow-replacement revascularization and/or flow augmentation surgery may be necessary for safe deconstruction of complex middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. Roughly 1% to 2% of all MCA aneurysms have angiographic features prohibiting standard microsurgical or endovascular management. Consent was obtained from the patient for the production of this video. No International Review Board approval was required for the creation of this video. A 17-yr-old female presented at the age of 15 with headaches. At the time of initial presentation, the patient was found to have an MCA bifurcation aneurysm. Initially, the aneurysm was managed conservatively and followed. However, on follow-up imaging, the aneurysm was found to have grown and developed into a large, complex MCA bifurcation aneurysm. Patient underwent planned trapping and deconstruction of the aneurysm. An internal maxillary artery (IMAX) to MCA bypass was performed using a cephalic vein graph to a robust inferior MCA branch combined with an in Situ MCA to MCA bypass. Follow-up angiography showed complete occlusion of the aneurysm. Patient was neurologically intact at 1-yr follow-up. Microsurgery continues to be the best treatment option for complex MCA aneurysms. A surgeon trained in bypass is an absolute prerequisite for management of those lesions. The IMAX offers an ideal high flow donor vessel for subcranial to intracranial flow replacement, which was required for re-establishment of flow to the robust inferior MCA branch in this case. The superior branch of the MCA was less robust. Therefore, by recreating a more distal bifurcation, the in Situ side-to-side MCA-MCA bypass simplified the revascularization strategy.
Adapting to Space Limitations During Prone Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Stereotaxic Laser Ablation: Technical Pearls
Authors: Zervos Thomas M , Scarpace Lisa , Robin Adam M , Schwalb Jason M , Air Ellen L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
New techniques of intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided stereotaxy enable minimally invasive approaches to intracranial pathology. Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT), convection-enhanced drug delivery, and stereotactic biopsy can be performed with a real-time confirmation of location and the ability to adjust for intracranial shift during the procedure. However, these procedures are constrained by patient positioning and the need for trajectories that avoid collision between stereotactic elements and the small MRI bore. To our knowledge, this is the first report to outline the technical details of safe intraoperative MRI (iMRI)-guided stereotaxy, performed with prone positioning.

OBJECTIVE
To present technical pearls to guide the safe conduction of iMRI-guided stereotaxy and LITT while in the prone position.

METHODS
The details of the positioning and trajectories for a series of patients who underwent Clearpoint® (MRI Interventions Inc) frameless real-time MRI-guided stereotaxis using a posterior approach were reviewed.

RESULTS
In this series, 5 patients underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomy, and 2 underwent tumor biopsy/ablation while in the prone position without any complications.

CONCLUSION
Prone iMRI procedures can be performed safely even in a 60-cm MRI bore.
Intraosseous Cannulation of a Calvarial Diploic Vein for Embolization of a Symptomatic Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: A Technical Case Report
Authors: White Andrew C , Folzenlogen Zach A , Harland Tessa A , Case David E , Roark Christopher D , Kumpe David A , Seinfeld Joshua 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
Dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) may present unique challenges for treatment depending on the anatomy and pattern of venous drainage. If endovascular techniques are to be employed, the DAVF must be amenable to transvenous or transarterial therapy. When access of peripheral vasculature does not provide a straightforward path, less conventional options may be available. This case highlights a novel, technically simple, and effective approach for the treatment of a subset of DAVFs, with venous drainage through calvarial diploic veins, that would make endovascular treatment otherwise challenging or impossible.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
We present a case of a 66-yr-old female patient who was diagnosed with a symptomatic DAVF located along the sphenoid ridge with a large intraosseous channel containing the draining vein of the fistula. This lesion was successfully treated with transcranial endovascular embolization via direct intraosseous cannulation of the calvarial diploic vein. This novel approach obviated the need for a full-thickness craniotomy, afforded only minimal bone loss, and preserved the integrity of the dura. A 3-mo follow-up angiogram confirmed complete cure of the DAVF with no residual arteriovenous shunt. At 20 mo postembolization, the patient was symptom free, with no reported neurologic deficits. Complete diagnostic work-up, treatment planning in a multidisciplinary environment, and a novel approach for endovascular embolization utilizing a hybrid operating suite played key roles in the successful implementation of this technique.

CONCLUSION
This is the first report of direct intraosseous cannulation of a calvarial diploic vein for successful transcranial endovascular embolization of a symptomatic DAVF.
Back-Running: Seeking and Hiding Fundamental Information in Order Flows*
Authors: Yang Liyan , Zhu Haoxiang 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We model the strategic interaction between fundamental investors and “back-runners,” whose only information is about the past order flow of fundamental investors. Back-runners partly infer fundamental investors’ information from their order flow and exploit it in subsequent trading. Fundamental investors counteract back-runners by randomizing their orders, unless back-runners’ signals are too imprecise. Surprisingly, a higher accuracy of back-runners’ order flow information can harm back-runners and benefit fundamental investors. As an application of the model, the common practice of payment for (retail) order flow reveals information about institutional order flow and enables back-runners to earn large profits. (JEL G14, G18)