bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terres et déserts, société et sauvagerie
Authors: Herzog Tamar 
Published: May 2019

RésuméCet article envisage le débat concernant le regroupement des Indiens en villages (réductions au Pérou,congregacionesen Nouvelle-Espagne) dans l’Amérique espagnole coloniale. Plutôt qu’une stratégie visant à l’extraction des ressources, cette politique correspond à une représentation selon laquelle ceux qui vivaient sans enracinement communautaire étaient une menace sociale, car ils vivaient sans roi, ni religion, ni terre. Et leur conduite, alléguait-on, était à l’origine d’un environnement physique lui-même dangereux. Une telle association entre espace sauvage et vie hors communauté opérait de la même manière en Castille, et, en Amérique, était appliquée aux Espagnols, aux métis et aux Noirs comme aux Indiens. Envisager en parallèle les débats concernant le traitement des Indiens et des autres secteurs sociaux permet de dépasser la fausse opposition entre le monde indien et le monde espagnol, et d’examiner les échos existant entre les colonisations interne et externe.
Modèles et modalités: les fêtes vice-royales au Mexique et au Pérou, xvie-xviie siècle
Authors: Alberro Solange 
Published: May 2019

RésuméLes fêtes vice-royales du Mexique et du Pérou colonial suivirent les modèles en vigueur dans l’Espagne impériale. Inspirées de l’Antiquité gréco-romaine et de la tradition bourgui-gnonne, elle avaient un caractère mixte et universel. Unissant le religieux au profane, le lettré au populaire, elles mettaient en scène les dieux, héros et monarques fondateurs des imaginaires propres aux divers territoires constituant l’empire des Habsbourg et tous les acteurs de la société se devaient d’y participer. Par leur nécessaire adaptation aux contextes locaux, garantie de leur efficacité, ces fêtes en vinrent à exprimer les intérêts et les aspirations identitaires de secteurs particuliers à travers l’appropriation, la réhabilitation ou la réinterprétation qu’ils firent des figures, images et symboles dont le modèle festif prescrivait le déploiement.
« Nous vivons dans l’oubli de nos métamorphoses… »: La mort et la sculpture du vivant
Authors: Ameisen Jean Claude 
Published: May 2019

RésuméLes nouvelles avancées de la biologie invitent à penser le vivant comme un ensemble permanent de métamorphoses. Cette conférence montre que des mécanismes comme celui de la mort cellulaire programmée, ou « suicide cellulaire », par lesquels sont sculptées les formes du vivant, conduisent à reconsidérer notre conception de la vie et de la mort, à distance à la fois de la tentation anthropomorphique et de la sociobiologie. C’est alors toute la complexité du vivant, de l’organisation cellulaire aux formes du social, qui est à repenser, à la lumière des nouveaux savoirs biologiques et médicaux.
Provincialiser l’empire: Chypre et la Méditerranée ottomane au XIXesiècle
Authors: Aymes Marc 
Published: May 2019

RésuméD’un côté, l’immense ensemble appelé empire ottoman; de l’autre, infime en comparaison, la localité de Chypre. À l’intersection entre la panoramique globalité venue du « centre » et la singularité irréductible du « savoir local », la province est proposée ici comme outil de compréhension de la géométrie variable du monde ottoman. Provincialiser l’empire vise à éviter l’univocité des paradigmes dichotomiques (où s’opposent, par exemple,centreetpériphérie), pour mieux appréhender les flux non congruents qu’il enchevêtre. Ainsi se dessinent les profils démultipliés de personnages qui peuvent être considérés comme autant de figures de l’Ottoman de province.
Co-opting psychiatry: The alliance between academic psychiatry and the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Moncrieff Joanna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Editorial present the arguments that an alliance between academic psychiatry and the pharmaceutical industry is harmful through a critical review of the academic literature and media coverage of activities of the pharmaceutical industry. The industry and the psychiatric profession both gain advantages from promoting biomedical models of psychiatric disturbance and pharmacological treatment. This confluence of interests has lead to the exaggeration of the efficacy of psychiatric drugs and neglect of their adverse effects and has distorted psychiatric knowledge and practice. Academic psychiatry has helped the industry to colonise more and more areas of modern life in order to expand the market for psychotropic drugs. Persuading people to understand their problems as biological deficiencies obscures the social origin and context of distress and prevents people from seeking social or political solutions. Psychiatry has the power to challenge the dominance of the pharmaceutical industry and should put its efforts into developing alternatives to routine drug treatment. Psychiatry needs to disengage from the industry if it wants to make genuine advances in understanding psychiatric disorder and help reverse the harmful social consequences of the widening medicalisation of human experience.
Italian social psychiatry research: What gets published in peer reviewed journals?
Authors: Galeazzi Gian Maria , Priebe Stefan 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAims– To explore the current state of Italian social psychiatry research as evidenced by original papers published in peer-reviewed journals 2004-2006.Methods– Electronic databases and hand searches of leading peer-reviewed journals were used to identify original research papers published in 2004-2006, addressing a social psychiatric issue, having at least one Italian author, and reporting data from Italian samples.Results– A total of 174 papers were identified. A substantial proportion reported findings of international collaborative research. Quantitative methods dominated, with 86 papers on cross-sectional surveys. Only 18 papers showed results of intervention trials with pre and post measures. Most common target group were psychiatric patients in community mental health services which featured in 93 papers.Conclusions– There is a critical mass of Italian social psychiatry research, dominated by a few research centres and with considerable amount of international collaboration. The findings of this survey might reflect the relative shortage of national funding for social psychiatry research.Declaration of Interest: None.
The assessment of patient involvement across consultation. The Italian version of the Option Scale
Authors: Goss Claudia , Fontanesi Silvia , Mazzi Maria Angela , Piccolo Lidia Del , Rimondini Michela 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAim – To present the Italian version of the OPTION (observing patient involvement) rating scale, developed in UK by Elwyn et al. (2005), and its psychometric characteristics, together with some findings when applied on the consultations transcripts of a group of Italian General Practitioners. Methods – The OPTION scale assesses the extent to which clinicians involve patients in decisions and consists of 12 items to be rated on a 5 point scale (from 0 - behaviour not observed to 4 -high standard). The scale was applied to 235 transcripts of audiotaped consultations conducted by 6 male GPs. Interrater and test-retest reliability and internal validity indices were calculated on a subsample of 30 transcripts. Results – The Italian language version of OPTION showed good psychometric properties, similar to those reported for the original version. The ratings obtained for 235 consultations showed for each OPTION item a skewed distribution: the majority of scores (> 70%) were between 0 (behaviour absent) and 2 (minimum skill level). Conclusions – The Italian language version of OPTION seems a reliable instrument to assess patient involvement in primary care settings also in Italy. The clustering of low scores confirms previous findings that clinicians without a specific training obtain very low levels of patient involvement in the decision making process.Declaration of Interest: None.
Residential facilities and day centres in mental health. Is there any difference?
Authors: D'Avanzo Barbara , Aliprandini Eugenia , Beghi Massimiliano , Cornaggia Cesare Maria , Erlicher Arcadio , Frova Maria , Mascarini Alessandra , Miragoli Paolo , Righi Augusto 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAims– We wanted to investigate to what extent and in what characteristics the patients cared in the psychiatric residential facilities (RF) were similar to those in the day-centres (DC), and whether 6-month improvements in the two settings were comparable.Methods– We described 141 patients admitted to the RF and 180 in DC of three mental health service networks in Milan and near Milan. They were evaluated again after six months.Results– In both groups, we identified subgroups of more intensive treatment: 45% of those in residential treatment were in high intensity rehabilitation facilities, and those who followed a residential program of >12 hours/week were 53%. The mean duration of treatment in the residential treatment was 40 months (SD 55.7) and in DC 49.6 months (49.3). The two groups differed in the overall scores of the HoNOS, but differences emerged in the subscales relative to daily life activities and living conditions. Among those in RF, about half had a house, versus 99% among those in DC. After six months, clinically significant modifications were small in both groups.Conclusions– Residential patients had more needs than DC patients. It is possible that some of the residential patients might be treated with intensive DC program, but the absence of a home for the majority of residential facilities patients makes this unlikely.Declaration of Interest: None.
The communication of the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Focus group findings on psychiatrists' point of view
Authors: Paccaloni Monica , Rimondini Michela , Pozzan Tecla , Zimmermann Christa 
Published: May 2019

SummaryAims– Evidence from the literature show that patients affected by psychosis rarely are informed about their diagnosis and/or involved in the decision making process regarding the therapeutic program. The aim of the present study is to investigate psychiatrists' clinical experiences, beliefs and attitudes towards communicating the diagnosis to patients affected by psychosis.Method– Three focus groups were conducted with 28 psychiatrists of different levels of expertise (10 senior psychiatrists and 18 psychiatrists in training), all working at the South-Verona Community-based Mental Health Service. The group discussions were audiotaped and transcribed. The authors derived different thematic categories which were used by two raters to classify all contributions of the psychiatrists.Results– The main themes of interest which emerged were: experience with the communication of the diagnosis of psychosis and main communication strategies used; obstacles and personal difficulties in giving such information.Conclusions– In the psychiatric setting the disclosure of the diagnosis of psychosis implies different clinical and ethical issues and is felt as highly problematic. These findings suggest a need of psychiatrists to involve the psychotic patient in the information giving process in order to learn his/her informative needs which are the starting point for individually tailored information.The authors have no potential conflict of interest related to the subject of the paper. No economic support has been received for this study.
Psychoeducational family interventions for schizophrenia in the last decade: from explanatory to pragmatic trials
Authors: Magliano Lorenza , Fiorillo Andrea 
Published: May 2019

SUMMARYA number of explanatory RCT studies published since the 1980s have demonstrated the clinical efficacy of Psychoeducational Family Interventions (PFI) for schizophrenia when provided in combination with drug therapy. In recent years, there has been a shift from efficacy to effectiveness studies and great attention by the researchers in developing training programmes in these interventions for ordinary staff. In this paper, we will provide an overview of the studies on PFI for schizophrenia which have been carried out in the last decade in routine clinical settings or with at least a partial involvement of ordinary staff. These studies have been grouped into: a) studies comparing PFI with standard care; b) studies comparing PFI with individual integrated interventions; c) studies comparing different PFI strategies; d) implementation studies. The results of these studies reveal that, when provided in clinical settings, PFI have positive middle-term effects on patients' clinical status and disability, and limited impact on family burden. From a methodological viewpoint, these studies had several similarities, such as homogeneity of PFI models and mid-term follow-up assessments, and several differences, mainly in the intensity and duration of the family exposure to the intervention. Future studies are needed to identify the “best dose” at which PFI can be provided in routine conditions at the most convenient cost-benefit ratio.
Spatiotemporal Variations in Crustal Seismic Anisotropy Surrounding Induced Earthquakes Near Fox Creek, Alberta
Authors: Li Tianyang , Gu Yu Jeffrey , Wang Zizhen , Wang Ruijia , Chen Yunfeng , Song Teh‐Ru Alex , Wang Ruihe 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study analyzes earthquake recordings from four near‐source (<10 km) stations near Fox Creek, Alberta, a region known for hydraulic fracturing‐induced seismicity. We examine the spatiotemporal variations of focal mechanisms and seismic anisotropy in the sedimentary strata. The focal mechanisms of surrounding earthquake swarms are generally consistent with the strike‐slip mechanism of the ML4.6 earthquake, favoring a flower type of fault structure. The NE‐SW‐orientated fast splitting direction, determined from the shear wave splitting measurements, reflects the combined effects of (1) N‐S faults and (2) NE‐SW time‐dependent hydraulically stimulated fractures. The latter effect dominates the apparent anisotropy during the days leading to the mainshock, while its contributions are reduced by 60–70% after the mainshock. Loss of fluid into the fault damage zone, which causes the closure of fractures, is responsible for the observed spatiotemporal variation of seismic anisotropy near the hydraulic fracturing well.
Boundary Detection in Three Dimensions With Application to the SMILE Mission: The Effect of Model‐Fitting Noise
Authors: Jorgensen Anders M. , Sun Tianran , Wang Chi , Dai Lei , Sembay Steve , Zheng Jianhua , Yu Xizheng 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe magnetosheath and near‐Earth solar wind emit X‐rays due to charge‐exchange between the extended atmosphere and highly ionized particles in the solar wind. These emissions can be used to remotely sense the dynamic processes in this region. The Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer mission will carry out these measurements. In a previous paper, we looked at the effect of photon counting statistics on determining the location of the magnetopause and bow shock. In this paper we explore, through simulations, the more challenging question of orbital viewing geometry bias when the model and the emissions do not match each other exactly. Our simulations conclude that while care must be taken to avoid false minima in the fitting, there is very little to no orbital bias in extracting the position and large‐scale shape of the magnetopause and bow shocks from 2‐D X‐ray images from the future Solar Wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer mission.
The Role of Current Sheet Scattering in the Proton Isotropic Boundary Formation During Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Haiducek John D. , Ganushkina Natalia Y. , Dubyagin Stepan , Welling Daniel T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that current sheet scattering (CSS) plays an important role in isotropic boundary (IB) formation during quiet time. However, IB formation can also result from scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves, which are much more prevalent during storm time. The effectiveness of CSS can be estimated by the parameter, the ratio of the field line radius of curvature to the particle gyroradius. Using magnetohydrodynamic and empirical models, we estimated the parameterKassociated with storm time IB observations on the nightside. We used magnetic field observations from spacecraft in the magnetotail to estimate and correct for errors in theKvalues computed by the models. We find that the magnetohydrodynamic and empirical models produce fairly similar results without correction and that correction increases this similarity. Accounting for uncertainty in both the latitude of the IB and the threshold value ofKrequired for CSS, we found that 29–54% of the IB observations satisfied the criteria for CSS. We found no correlation between the correctedKand magnetic local time, which further supports the hypothesis that CSS played a significant role in forming the observed IBs.
Long‐Term Variations in Solar Wind Parameters, Magnetopause Location, and Geomagnetic Activity Over the Last Five Solar Cycles
Authors: Samsonov A. A. , Bogdanova Y. V. , Branduardi‐Raymont G. , Safrankova J. , Nemecek Z. , Park J.‐S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe use both solar wind observations and empirical magnetopause models to reconstruct time series of the magnetopause standoff distance for nearly five solar cycles. Since the average annual interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz is about zero, and the annual IMF cone angle varies between 54.0° and 61.2°, the magnetopause standoff distance on this timescale depends mostly on the solar wind dynamic pressure. The annual IMF magnitude well correlates with the sunspot number (SSN) with a zero time lag, while the annual solar wind dynamic pressure (Pdyn) correlates reasonably well with the SSN but with 3‐year time lag. At the same time, we find an anticorrelation between Pdyn and SSN in cycles 20–21 and a correlation in cycles 22–24 with 2‐year time lag. Both the annual solar wind density and velocity well correlate with the dynamic pressure, but the correlation coefficient is higher for density than for velocity. The 11‐year solar cycles in the dynamic pressure variations are superimposed by an increasing trend before 1991 and a decreasing trend between 1991 and 2009. The average annual solar wind dynamic pressure decreases by a factor of 3 from 1991 to 2009. Correspondingly, the predicted standoff distance in Lin et al.'s (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA014235) magnetopause model increases from 9.7 RE in 1991 to 11.6 RE in 2009. The annual SSN, IMF magnitude, and magnetospheric geomagnetic activity indices display the same trends as the dynamic pressure. We calculate extreme solar wind parameters and magnetopause standoff distance in each year using daily values and find that both extremely small and large standoff distances during a solar cycle preferably occur at solar maximum rather than at solar minimum.
Formation of Plasma Around a Small Meteoroid: Electrostatic Simulations
Authors: Sugar G. , Oppenheim M. M. , Dimant Y. S. , Close S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObtaining meteoroid mass from head echo radar cross section depends on the assumed plasma density distribution around the meteoroid. An analytical model presented in Dimant and Oppenheim (2017a, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA023960; 2017b, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA023963) and simulation results presented in Sugar et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1002/2018JA025265) suggest the plasma density distribution is significantly different than the spherically symmetric Gaussian distribution used to calculate meteoroid masses in many previous studies. However, these analytical and simulation results ignored the effects of electric and magnetic fields and assumed quasi‐neutrality. This paper presents results from the first particle‐in‐cell simulations of head echo plasma that include electric and magnetic fields. The simulations show that the fields change the ion density distribution by less than ∼2% in the meteor head echo region, but the electron density distribution changes by up to tens of percent depending on the location, electron energies, and magnetic field orientation with respect to the meteoroid path.
Texture Development of Clay‐Rich Sediments Across the Costa Rica Subduction Zone
Authors: Kuehn Rebecca , Stipp Michael , Leiss Bernd 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDuring sedimentation, burial, and deformation at active continental margins, clay‐rich sediments develop crystallographic preferred orientations (textures) due to the progressive alignment of phyllosilicates. Such textures help to interpret sedimentation and compaction conditions as well as tectonic processes at convergent margins. At the Costa Rica Trench, subduction and plate boundary deformation between the downgoing oceanic Cocos Plate and the overriding Caribbean Plate was investigated during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expeditions 334 and 344 within the Costa Rica Seismogenesis Project. Samples of varying depths from the Cocos Plate, the frontal prism, and the slope of the Caribbean Plate were analyzed regarding their composition and texture. Composition is quite similar for all sample locations of the hemipelagic section across the trench as determined by X‐ray powder analysis. Texture analysis reveals that phyllosilicates in samples from the incoming plate show in general weaker textures than those from upper and middle slope of the overriding plate. Samples from the frontal accretionary prism, however, mostly correspond to the incoming plate fabric according to their oceanic origin. Texture intensity depends on the internal parameters grain size and shape, porosity, and composition as well as compaction and tectonics. In samples from the continental wedge and the frontal accretionary prism, we are able to distinguish tectonically undisturbed compacted sediments from core sections that suffered faulting and folding due to subduction‐related deformation. This helps to constrain a more detailed image of sedimentary compaction and localized as well as distributed deformation across the active continental margin offshore Costa Rica.
Long‐Time Relaxation Induced by Dynamic Forcing in Geomaterials
Authors: Ostrovsky L. , Lebedev A. , Riviere J. , Shokouhi P. , Wu C. , Stuber Geesey M. A. , Johnson P. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present a theoretical model and experimental evidence of the long‐time relaxation process (slow dynamics) in rocks and other geomaterials following a dynamic wave excitation, at scales ranging from the laboratory to the Earth. The model is based on the slow recovery of an ensemble of grain contacts and asperities broken by a mechanical impact. It includes an Arrhenius‐type equation for recovery of the metastable, broken contacts. The model provides a characteristic size of the broken contacts (order 10−9 m) and predicts that their number increases with impact amplitude. Theoretical results are in good agreement with the laboratory and field data in that they predict both the logarithmic law of recovery rate and deviations from this law.