bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health visits and low socio‐economic status in adolescence are associated with complications of Type 1 diabetes in early adulthood: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Shulman R. , Luo J. , Shah B. R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimTo determine the association of mental health visits and socio‐economic status in late adolescence with the risk of mortality and acute and chronic diabetes complications in early adulthood.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study of individuals in Ontario, Canada, who had their 20th birthday between January 1999 and March 2015 and a diagnosis of diabetes prior to their 15th birthday, using linked administrative databases (n=8491). The main outcome was death; other outcomes were hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia‐related hospitalizations and emergency department visits and chronic diabetes complications (dialysis, ophthalmological and macrovascular complications).ResultsOver the course of 59 361 person‐years there were 127 deaths.. Low socio‐economic status and mental health visits were both associated with a higher risk of death [hazard ratio 2.03, (95% CI 1.13 to 3.64) and 2.45 (95% CI 1.71 to 3.51), respectively]. Those with the lowest socio‐economic status and a mental health visit had a higher rate of diabetes‐related hospitalizations (rate ratio 4.84, 95% CI 3.64 to 6.44) and emergency department visits (rate ratio 3.15, 95% CI 1.79 to 5.54). Low socio‐economic status and mental health visits were both associated with an increased risk of any chronic complication [hazard ratio 1.54 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.96) and 1.57 (95% CI 1.35 to 1.81), respectively].ConclusionWe identified significant socio‐economic and mental health disparities in the risk of death and acute and chronic complications in early adulthood for people with childhood‐onset diabetes. Targeted interventions to prevent adverse events for these adolescents at highest risk should be evaluated.
Latent myopathy is more pronounced in patients with low flow versus normal flow aortic stenosis with normal left ventricular ejection fraction who are undergoing surgical aortic valve replacement: Multicenter study with a brief review of the literature
Authors: Supariwala Azhar , Sanchez‐Ross Monica , Suma Valentin , Seetharam Karthik , Marrero Daniel , Swistel Daniel , Balaram Sandhya , Chaudhry Farooq A. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundMidwall fibrosis and low stroke volume are independent predictors of mortality in severe aortic stenosis (AS) with preserved LV ejection fraction (LVEF). The role of speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) to identify latent myopathy pre‐ and post‐ aortic valve replacement (AVR) in high risk AS patients with normal LVEF is limited.MethodsDemographic, 2D echocardiographic, and STE data were analyzed in patients with severe AS and preserved LVEF who underwent tissue AVR. Velocity vector imaging (VVI) was used to assess regional and global peak systolic longitudinal strain (GLS). Low flow (LF) was defined as an indexed LV stroke volume <35 mL/m2.ResultsBetween December 2008 and May 2011, 37 patients (75 ± 9 years, 51% male) had both pre‐ and post‐AVR echos within 6.6 ± 6.5 months (median = 4 months; range = 2.5–9.5) of surgery. Compared with pre‐AVR, GLS (−6.9 ± 4.9% vs −11.1 ± 4.1%; P < .001) and strain rate (−0.72 ± 0.3s‐1 vs −0.87 ± 0.3s‐1; P = .01) improved post‐AVR. Pre‐AVR mid‐segments showed a similar myopathy as the basal segments (−9.5 ± 4.3% vs −9.0 ± 4.2%;P = .3). The 16 (43%) LF patients in this study had lower pre‐ and post‐AVR strain compared to NF patients (GLS Pre‐AVR:LF vs NF: −5.1 ± 4.1% vs −8.4 ± 4.9% (P = .04) and GLS Post‐AVR:LF vs NF: −9.2 ± 3.7% vs −12.5 ± 3.9% (P = .01)). However, there was no difference in absolute and %change improvement in GLS post‐AVR (LF vs NF:∆ −4.2 ± 3.5% vs ∆−4.1 ± 5.3% (P = .90) and 193 ± 214% vs 143 ± 230% change (P = .5)). The lowest GLS was seen in LF/HG AS followed by LF/LG, NF/LG and NF/HG AS; P = .03.ConclusionsLatent myopathy is more pronounced in LF AS both pre‐ and post‐AVR. Our study provides evidence of improvement in myopathy in LF AS despite a persistent worse myopathy compared to NF patients post‐AVR.
Perceived sources of stress amongst dental students: A multicountry study
Authors: Alhajj M. N. , Khader Y. , Murad A. H. , Celebic A. , Halboub E. , Márquez J. R. , Macizo C. C. , Khan S. , Basnet B. B. , Makzoumé J. E. , de Sousa‐Neto M. D. , Camargo R. , Prasad D. A. , Faheemuddin M. , Mir S. , Elkholy S. , Abdullah A. G. , Ibrahim A. A. , Al‐Anesi M. S. , Al‐Basmi A. A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the perceived sources of stress reported by dental students from fourteen different countries.MethodsA total of 3568 dental students were recruited from 14 different dental schools. The dental environmental stress (DES) questionnaire was used including 7 domains. Responses to the DES were scored in 4‐point Likert scale. Comparison between students was performed according to the study variables. The top 5 stress‐provoking questions were identified amongst dental schools. Data were analysed using SPSS software program. Mann‐Whitney and Kruskal‐Wallis tests were used as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to determine the effect of the studied variables on the stress domains. The level of statistical significance was set at <.05.ResultsInternal consistency of the scale was excellent (0.927). Female students formed the majority of the total student population. The percentage of married students was 4.8%. Numbers of students in pre‐clinical and clinical stages were close together. The most stress‐provoking domain was “workload” with a score of 2.05 ± 0.56. Female students scored higher stress than male students did in most of the domains. Significant differences were found between participating countries in all stress‐provoking domains. Dental students from Egypt scored the highest level of stress whilst dental students from Jordan scored the lowest level of stress.ConclusionThe self‐reported stress in the dental environment is still high and the stressors seem to be comparable amongst the participating countries. Effective management programmes are needed to minimise dental environment stress.
Opposing effects of floral visitors and soil conditions on the determinants of competitive outcomes maintain species diversity in heterogeneous landscapes
Authors: Lanuza Jose B. , Bartomeus Ignasi , Godoy Oscar 
Published: April 2018

AbstractTheory argues that both soil conditions and aboveground trophic interactions have equivalent potential to limit or promote plant diversity. However, it remains unexplored how they jointly modify the niche differences stabilising species coexistence and the average fitness differences driving competitive dominance. We conducted a field study in Mediterranean annual grasslands to parameterise population models of six competing plant species. Spatially explicit floral visitor assemblages and soil salinity variation were characterised for each species. Both floral visitors and soil salinity modified species population dynamics via direct changes in seed production and indirect changes in competitive responses. Although the magnitude and sign of these changes were species‐specific, floral visitors promoted coexistence at neighbourhood scales, while soil salinity did so over larger scales by changing the superior competitors’ identity. Our results show how below and aboveground interactions maintain diversity in heterogeneous landscapes through their opposing effects on the determinants of competitive outcomes.
Response of benthic fauna to experimental bottom fishing: A global meta‐analysis
Authors: Sciberras Marija , Hiddink Jan Geert , Jennings Simon , Szostek Claire L , Hughes Kathryn M , Kneafsey Brian , Clarke Leo J , Ellis Nick , Rijnsdorp Adriaan D , McConnaughey Robert A , Hilborn Ray , Collie Jeremy S , Pitcher C. Roland , Amoroso Ricardo O , Parma Ana M , Suuronen Petri , Kaiser Michel J 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBottom‐contact fishing gears are globally the most widespread anthropogenic sources of direct disturbance to the seabed and associated biota. Managing these fishing disturbances requires quantification of gear impacts on biota and the rate of recovery following disturbance. We undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis of 122 experiments on the effects‐of‐bottom fishing to quantify the removal of benthos in the path of the fishing gear and to estimate rates of recovery following disturbance. A gear pass reduced benthic invertebrate abundance by 26% and species richness by 19%. The effect was strongly gear‐specific, with gears that penetrate deeper into the sediment having a significantly larger impact than those that penetrate less. Sediment composition (% mud and presence of biogenic habitat) and the history of fishing disturbance prior to an experimental fishing event were also important predictors of depletion, with communities in areas that were not previously fished, predominantly muddy or biogenic habitats being more strongly affected by fishing. Sessile and low mobility biota with longer life‐spans such as sponges, soft corals and bivalves took much longer to recover after fishing (>3 year) than mobile biota with shorter life‐spans such as polychaetes and malacostracans (<1 year). This meta‐analysis provides insights into the dynamics of recovery. Our estimates of depletion along with estimates of recovery rates and large‐scale, high‐resolution maps of fishing frequency and habitat will support more rigorous assessment of the environmental impacts of bottom‐contact gears, thus supporting better informed choices in trade‐offs between environmental impacts and fish production.
Crack growth rates and microstructure feature of initiation region for very‐high‐cycle fatigue of a high‐strength steel
Authors: Hu Yuanpei , Sun Chengqi , Hong Youshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe S‐N data up to very‐high‐cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime for a high‐strength steel were obtained by fatigue tests under constant amplitude and variable amplitude (VA) via rotating bending and electromagnetic resonance cycling. Crack initiation for VHCF was from the interior of specimens, and the initiation region was carefully examined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Crack growth traces in the initiation region of fine‐granular‐area (FGA) were the first time captured for the specimens under VA cycling by rotating bending. The obtained crack growth rates in FGA were upwards to connect well with those in fish‐eye region available in the literature and were associated well with the calculated equivalent crack growth rates in FGA. The observations of profile samples revealed that FGA is a nanograin layer for the specimens under VA cycling, which is a new evidence to support the previously proposed “numerous cyclic pressing” model.
Should State and Local Government Bidding for Big Businesses Be More Like eBay?
Authors: McCarthy Linda 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDuring recent decades, and especially after the economic downturn that began in the late 2000s, many U.S. state and local governments have intensified their pro‐growth efforts to promote corporate investment and jobs, including ever higher incentives (such as tax breaks and grants) in their bidding wars for big businesses. This paper draws an analogy—between bidding for big businesses and bidding on eBay—to highlight the drawbacks of high‐profile bidding wars among governments given that the large corporations establish the bidding rules in their favor. The main consideration raised is whether state and local government bidding for big businesses, which operates analogously to an auction, should be more like eBay, whose rules are fair not only for sellers but also for bidders.
Pain and structural alterations in knee joints in patients with haemophilia
Authors: Krüger S. , Hoffmeister M. , Hilberg T. 
Published: April 2018

IntroductionPatients with haemophilia (PwH) suffer from haemophilic arthropathy which leads to an enhanced pain sensitivity. The aim of this study was to determine whether the individual pain condition in terms of pressure pain thresholds (PPT) at the knee joints is linked to changes of underlying anatomical structures in PwH.Material and methodsEleven landmarks at both knee joints of 36 PwH and 36 controls were examined in terms of PPT and ultrasound sonography (US). PPT were used to generate four groups: pain sensitive and insensitive knees of PwH and controls.ResultsPPT of the knee joints were significantly decreased at all landmarks in PwH when compared to controls (P ≤ .004). US findings revealed that especially osteophytes are more pronounced in pain‐sensitive knees of PwH in comparison with pain‐insensitive knees of PwH or pain‐(in)sensitive knees of controls. The synovia tissue was also thickened in PwH when PPT was altered. In contrast to findings in osteoarthritis‐related pain, no differences between the groups were found regarding effusion, whether assessed, for example on the distal edge of m. vastus lateralis (P = .893) or on the lateral joint space (P = .417).ConclusionParticular degenerative changes in terms of osteophytes and thickness of synovial tissue are associated with an enhanced pain sensitivity in PwH. Altered PPT which were not associated with structural findings may be an indicator for a complex peripheral and/or central sensitization of the affected joints in PwH. The role of this mechanism should be clarified in further studies.
Metastatic pulmonary calcification: Experience from a single center in Singapore
Authors: Teh Swee Ping , Ng Yuen Li , Yii Chau Ang Anthony , Choong Hui Lin Lina , Wong Jiunn 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMetastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) was seen in 79% of patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) during autopsy. However, it is not commonly diagnosed in vivo. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood. We report a retrospective series of 5 cases of MPC from a single center in Singapore. MPC were diagnosed using radiological or histological features. Mean onset of MPC from diagnosis of ESRD was 22.6 ± 3.1 years. One patient remains asymptomatic. Four patients died, one was related to MPC. All patients had calcifications at the lung apices on radiological studies. Three patients with MPC were diagnosed based on radiological features while 2 had histological features. Four patients underwent parathyroidectomy without radiological changes before parathyroidectomy. Median intact parathyroid hormone of this series was 5.6 pmol/L (IQR 1.3–139.4), alkaline phosphatase 74 U/L (IQR 62–461), calcium 2.10 mmol/L (IQR 1.85–2.40), and phosphate 1.30 mmol/L (IQR 0.87–1.63). The observed low iPTH suggests that MPC might occur in low iPTH. Our case series showed MPC might occur in low iPTH after parathyroidectomy, in contrast to existing literature that suggests MPC is diagnosed in patients with elevated iPTH. Parathyroidectomy does not prevent MPC.
Just Annexation
Authors: Lippert‐Rasmussen Kasper 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFabre defends a human rights‐focused cosmopolitan theory of peace. One would expect that, given this view, she would be in favour of human rights‐promoting annexations by liberal states. However, she distances herself from this view, adopting the common‐sense view that annexing states ‘act ultra vires’. I argue that her core cosmopolitan view motivates a different and, in principle, much more positive view of four types of annexations. In the course of defending this view, I take a critical look at her appeal to perverse moral incentives and the notion of a cosmopolitan ethos.
Do plant‐based biogeographical regions shape aphyllophoroid fungal communities in Europe?
Authors: Ordynets Alexander , Heilmann‐Clausen Jacob , Savchenko Anton , Bässler Claus , Volobuev Sergey , Akulov Olexander , Karadelev Mitko , Kotiranta Heikki , Saitta Alessandro , Langer Ewald , Abrego Nerea 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimAphyllophoroid fungi are associated with plants, either using plants as a resource (as parasites or decomposers) or as symbionts (as mycorrhizal partners). In spite of their strong association with plants, it is unknown how much plant distributions determine their biogeographical patterns compared with environmental factors such as climate and human land use. In this study, our aims are to (1) describe the spatial diversity patterns of aphyllophoroid fungi in Europe and (2) identify the factors shaping these patterns.LocationEurope, as well as the adjacent Subarctic to Arctic islands (Greenland, Faroe Islands, Iceland, Svalbard), Palestine and the south‐east coast of the Caspian Sea.MethodsWe compiled a dataset consisting of 14,030 fruitbody occurrences of 1,491 aphyllophoroid fungal species from 39 geographical areas (17 countries) belonging to eight biogeographical regions. We assessed the differences in fungal species richness and overall diversity and its nestedness and turnover components across biogeographical regions of Europe, as well as between southern and northern Europe (based on geographical latitude of 50° as threshold). We used cluster and ordination analyses to classify the European aphyllophoroid communities biogeographically and evaluated the importance of climate, host‐tree species, topography and human land‐use intensity in explaining biogeographical variation.ResultsThe importance of biogeographical regions in determining European aphyllophoroid fungal communities varies for different diversity components. Species richness and nestedness are best explained by plant‐based biogeographical regions, whereas overall beta diversity and species turnover are driven mostly by variation in climate, and nestedness mostly by tree species occupancy. Beta‐diversity patterns of aphyllophoroid fungi do not differ between southern and northern Europe.Main conclusionsAt the continental scale, aphyllophoroid fungi are less shaped by historical legacies than vascular plant and animal communities, and trends of overall beta diversity in southern and northern Europe are similar to patterns found for bryophytes.
Ancient DNA tracks the mainland extinction and island survival of the Tasmanian devil
Authors: Brüniche–Olsen Anna , Jones Menna E. , Burridge Christopher P. , Murchison Elizabeth P. , Holland Barbara R. , Austin Jeremy J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii), currently restricted to the island of Tasmania, was found over most of the Australian mainland prior to its extinction ~3,000 years ago. Recent debate has focused on the roles of humans, climate change and dingoes as drivers of the mainland extinction. Determining past genetic diversity and population dynamics of both populations is a fundamental component to understand why the species went extinct on mainland Australia, but survived in Tasmania. Here, we investigate the phylogeography and demographic history of the Tasmanian devil across southern Australia over the last ~30k years.LocationAustralia.TaxonTasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii).MethodsWe used complete and partial mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genomes from 202 devils representing the extinct mainland (n = 17) and the extant Tasmanian (n = 185) populations to investigate the population dynamics of southern mainland and Tasmanian devils. The samples were sub‐fossil bones, historical museum specimens and modern tissue samples, dating from the present to 17k years before present. Using summary statistics, frequentist inference and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis we explored whether levels of genetic diversity were similar, and if the southern mainland experienced a gradual rather than an abrupt decline prior to its extinction.ResultsMtDNA genomes from mainland devils suggest that this population was larger and had more genetic diversity than the Tasmanian population. Directly dated samples indicates that the southern mainland population expanded after the last glacial maximum and remained stable until its extinction. The Tasmanian population has much lower diversity and descends from a single mtDNA lineage ~3,000 years ago. The recent origin for all Tasmanian mtDNA diversity is concordant with a previously documented late‐Holocene population bottleneck and is broadly contemporaneous with the extinction of the southern mainland population.Main conclusionsThis pattern shows striking similarity to the demographic history of thylacines, suggesting that a shared factor initiated population declines in both species on the southern mainland and in Tasmania. El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)‐related climate change is the only factor common to both mainland Australia and Tasmania. Additional, direct or indirect, pressures from humans and/or dingoes on the mainland may have ultimately resulted in their extinction.
Examining the role of computer‐supported knowledge‐building discourse in epistemic and conceptual understanding
Authors: Lin Feng , Chan Carol K.K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis study characterized students' online collaborative discourse from a theory‐building perspective and examined its relation to epistemic and conceptual understanding. Fifty‐two fifth graders' Knowledge Forum discussions on electricity were analysed. Discourse moves were coded within the inquiry threads, and two key epistemic patterns were identified: problem‐centred uptake and theory‐building moves. Analysis showed that higher‐quality discourse threads included more problem‐centred uptake moves in which ideas were built more coherently on each other to address the central problem. There were also more theory‐building moves on explanation and sustain inquiry. We also examined the relationship between discourse moves and conceptual‐epistemic understanding. Regression analyses showed that problem‐centred uptake predicted epistemic cognition beyond prior epistemic cognition and that theory‐building moves on explanation predicted students' conceptual understanding beyond their prior science understanding. Implications for fostering more productive discourse and sophisticated epistemic cognitions using online discussion are discussed.
Wild‐type isolates of Porphyromonas gingivalis derived from periodontitis patients display major variability in platelet activation
Authors: Jockel‐Schneider Yvonne , Kobsar Anne , Stellzig‐Eisenhauer Angelika , Vogel Ulrich , Störk Stefan , Frantz Stefan , Schlagenhauf Ulrich , Eigenthaler Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn vitro studies revealed that Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), a pathogen intimately associated with the onset and progression of periodontitis, is able to activate platelets, thus linking periodontal inflammation with the endangerment of vascular health. As wild‐type Pg strains are characterized by major genetic heterogeneity, the commonness of platelet‐activating Pg strains in periodontitis patients is unknown as of yet. Therefore, this study evaluated the platelet activation capacity of wild‐type Pg isolates sampled from patients with aggressive periodontitis.MethodsExtent and velocity of platelet aggregation were determined by light transmission aggregometry. Platelet surface expression of P‐selectin was measured by flow cytometry, activation of p38 MAP kinase, and protein kinase C by Western blot using phospho‐specific antibodies.ResultsPg isolates displayed high variability regarding extent and velocity of platelet activation, as well as the involved activating pathways. Corresponding results were observed for platelet P‐selectin expression, activation of p38 MAP kinase, or protein kinase C. Inhibitors of platelet immune receptor FcγRIIA and protease‐activated receptors revealed several, diverging pathways of activation. Some isolates induced platelet aggregation even in the presence of potent therapeutical platelet inhibitors.ConclusionsChronic bacteremia involving specific, platelet‐activating Pg strains may constitute a substantial hazard for the integrity of cardiovascular health.