bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working poor and working nonpoor cancer survivors: Work‐related and employment disparities
Authors: Swanberg Jennifer E. , Nichols Helen M. , Vanderpool Robin C. , Rosenblatt Paula , Tracy J. Kathleen 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMany cancer survivors face challenges remaining at work during treatment or returning to work posttreatment. Workplace supports can ease the strain associated with managing the cancer‐work interface. Limited research has examined the employment experiences of low‐wage earning survivors, who are less likely to have access to workplace supports, overlooking a factor that may influence survivors' employment outcomes.AimsThis study assessed differences in employment experiences between working poor (WP) and working nonpoor (WNP) cancer survivors in the United States.Methods and ResultsData from the 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) and the 2011 MEPS Experiences with Cancer Survivorship Supplement were analyzed to evaluate differences in workplace supports, cancer‐related psychological job distress, productivity, and employment outcomes between WP and WNP cancer survivors. The sample included adults diagnosed with cancer within 5 years prior to survey completion and engaged in paid employment since diagnosis. Working poor respondents had income below 200% of the poverty level. Chi‐square tests assessed differences between WP (n = 57) and WNP (n = 164) cancer survivors' demographic, cancer, and employment characteristics; cancer‐related psychological job distress; employee productivity; and employment outcome measures. Multiple logistic regression analyses determined the independent association between WP status and these same variables controlling for sociodemographic confounders. Working poor survivors were more likely to take unpaid time off, change from full‐time to part‐time, to report cancer‐related psychological job distress, negative influences on job productivity and employment outcomes, and less likely to have health insurance. In logistic regression analyses, those who took unpaid time off were more likely to be WP; being WP was also associated with poorer employment outcomes, after controlling for sociodemographics differences between WP and WNP.ConclusionWorking poor survivors had fewer workplace supports and poorer employment outcomes than WNP survivors, highlighting important occupational disparities for cancer survivors. Areas for future research are discussed.
Performance Improvement of Assembled Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Network/Si Solar Cells Decorated with Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Shiting , Yang Liusi , Wu Huaisheng , Yuan Yongjun , Ji Zhenguo , Cao Anyuan 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCarbon nanotube (CNT) is a promising material for photovoltaic applications. Here in this work, we first adopted an intriguing blown bubble method to assemble multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into conductive and transparent networks, which were then applied to construct heterojunction solar cells with n‐type silicon (Si). The MWCNT/Si solar cell was relatively stable in air, and its cell performance was much reinforced after Pt nanoparticles (NPs) decorated due to the enhanced light absorption and greatly reduced sheet resistance of Pt‐hybridized networks. The MWCNT−Pt/Si cell could achieve a final power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 7.4% with chemical doping. Moreover, in situ grown Au NPs were employed to fill the crevices in MWCNT networks generated during cell fabrication, and its PCE was significantly increased to 8‐fold of the cracked MWCNT/Si cells by light absorbing and p‐doping of Au NPs. Therefore, it is demonstrated that the metal NP‐improved MWCNT/Si solar cell is convenient, easily scaled up and promising in energy harvesting applications.
Governance by targets and the performance of cross‐sector partnerships: Do partner diversity and partnership capabilities matter?
Authors: Alonso José M. , Andrews Rhys 
Published: September 2018

Research Summary: This study examines the effectiveness of targets as a tool for the contractual governance of cross‐sector partnerships. Applying a difference‐in‐differences methodology, we find that the use of explicit targets within performance contracts is an effective means for improving partnership outcomes, especially where partner diversity and partnership capabilities are high. Furthermore, we find evidence that target intensity is associated with stronger partnership performance. These findings suggest that contractual forms with explicit targets may be a particularly successful approach for enhancing the public value created by cross‐sector partnerships. A downward turn in performance following the removal of targets lends further support to this conclusion.Managerial Summary: Cross‐sector partnerships have become a vital means for creating value in pursuit of the public interest. In particular, the effective management of these partnerships is thought to hold the key to addressing the strategic and organizational challenges posed by major social and environmental issues, such as big data and climate change. In this article, we combine data on waste recycling from 2003 to 2014 with information on performance contracts between local cross‐sector partnerships and higher levels of government in England to quantify the impact of governance by targets on the performance of those partnerships. The benefits of target‐setting for partnership performance that we identify are even stronger when partner diversity is high and partnership capabilities are strong. We discuss the managerial and policy implications of our findings.
Representation and the active consumer
Authors: Butlin Patrick 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOne of the central tasks for naturalistic theories of representation is to say what it takes for something to be a representation, and some leading theories have been criticised for being too liberal. Prominent discussions of this problem have proposed a producer-oriented solution; it is argued that representations must be produced by systems employing perceptual constancy mechanisms. However, representations may be produced by simple transducers if they are consumed in the right way. It is characteristic of representations to be consumed by systems which are capable of independent action. This paper defends this claim; discusses more precise, naturalistic formulations; and shows how it can illuminate the explanatory payoffs which science achieves by appealing to representation.
The Effect of Rhenium Addition on Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of Inconel 718 Processed by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Majchrowicz Kamil , Pakieła Zbigniew , Kamiński Janusz , Płocińska Magdalena , Kurzynowski Tomasz , Chlebus Edward 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this study, the effect of rhenium addition (2, 4, and 6 wt pct) and building orientation (0 and 90 deg) on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of Inconel 718 (IN718) alloy processed by selective laser melting (SLM) was investigated. Microstructure characterization showed that the as-built IN718-Re alloys consist of columnar grains growing parallel to the building direction (Z-axis). Each columnar grain was characterized by a fine columnar/cellular dendritic substructure with Nb- and Mo-rich Laves phases and MC-type carbides embedded in the interdendritic spaces. Rhenium addition segregated to γ phase dendrites which resulted in an increase of the columnar/cellular substructures width with increasing Re content. Due to a strong microstructure anisotropy of SLM-processed IN718-Re alloys, the corrosion properties were examined for mutually perpendicular planes: XY (90 deg samples) and XZ (0 deg). The presence of rhenium enhanced the corrosion resistance of IN718 alloy in 0.1 M Na2SO4and NaCl solutions at both exposed planes. The corrosion current density was significantly reduced for IN718-Re alloys and increasing Re content correlated with a more positive shift in corrosion potential. Moreover, the XY plane possessed better corrosion resistance than the XZ plane due to the higher fraction of laser overlapping areas observed for the XZ plane.
“Under the Skin” and into the Gut: Social Epidemiology of the Microbiome
Authors: Dowd Jennifer Beam , Renson Audrey 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurpose of the ReviewAs the science of the microbiome advances, social epidemiologists can contribute to understanding how the broader social environment shapes the microbiome over the life course. This review summarizes current research and describes potential mechanisms of the social epidemiology of the microbiome.Recent FindingsMost existing literature linking the social environment and the microbiome comes from animal models, focused on the impact of social interactions and psychosocial stress. Suggestive evidence of the importance of early life exposures, health behaviors, and the built environment also point to the importance of the social environment for the microbiome in humans.SummarySocial epidemiology as a field is well poised to contribute expertise in theory and measurement of the broader social environment to this new area, and to consider both the upstream and downstream mechanisms by which this environment gets “under the skin” and “into the gut.” As population-level microbiome data becomes increasingly available, we encourage investigation of the multi-level determinants of the microbiome and how the microbiome may link the social environment and health.
An updated Alzheimer hypothesis: Complement C3 and risk of Alzheimer‘s disease—A cohort study of 95,442 individuals
Authors: Rasmussen Katrine Laura , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne , Frikke‐Schmidt Ruth , Nielsen Sune Fallgaard 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe tested the hypothesis that low plasma complement C3 is observationally and genetically associated with high risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsWe studied 95,442 individuals enrolled in the Copenhagen General Population Study. In genetic analyses, we further included 8367 individuals from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. In the two studies, 1189 and 35 developed AD during median 8 years follow‐up.ResultsThe multifactorially adjusted hazard ratio for risk of AD for a one standard deviation lower levels of complement C3 was 1.11 (95% confidence interval: 1.04–1.19) in all individuals and 1.66 (1.33–2.07) in APOE ε44 carriers. In Mendelian randomization, the corresponding genetic estimates were 1.66 (1.05–2.63) overall and 1.99 (0.52–7.65) in APOE ε44 carriers.DiscussionLow baseline levels of complement C3 were associated with high risk of AD. The risk was amplified in APOE ε44 highly susceptible individuals, and these findings were substantiated by a Mendelian randomization approach, potentially implying causality. Based on these findings, we present and thoroughly discuss an updated Alzheimer hypothesis incorporating low complement C3 levels.
The first record of Ligophorus Euzet & Suriano, 1977 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) on Crenimugil buchanani (Teleostei: Muglidae) from Thailand based on morphological and molecular analyses
Authors: Pakdee W. , Ogawa K. , Pornruseetriratn S. , Thaenkham U. , Yeemin T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLigophorus satunensis n. sp. was collected from the bluetail mullet, Crenimugil buchanani (Bleeker, 1853), caught off Satun, Thailand, representing the first report of the Ligophorus species in Thailand. The new species is most similar to Ligophorus fenestrum Soo & Lim, 2012 in its fenestrated dorsal hamuli, a ventral bar with a long, bifurcated anteromedian protuberance (AMP) without lateral pieces, and a non-sclerotized vagina. However, it differs from the latter in its dorsal hamuli (up to two layers of fenestrations of the dorsal hamuli in L. satunensis n. sp. vs six layers in L. fenestrum), ventral hamuli (nonfenestrated vs fenestrated), penis (turning a full circle before reaching the genital pore vs turning less than half a circle), and its accessory piece (non-grooved basally and grooved distally vs simply grooved along its entire length). A single specimen, very similar to L. satunensis n. sp., obtained from the same host fish, which can be differentiated from the latter by a considerably shorter AMP of the ventral bar and a smaller and slender dorsal hamuli, is tentatively designated here as Ligophorus sp. Moreover, the phylogenetic trees constructed from the concatenated sequences of partial large-subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (28S) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) regions support that L. satunensis n. sp. is a new species closely related to L. fenestrum.
Distribution of the newly invasive New Guinea flatworm Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) in Thailand and its potential role as a paratenic host carrying Angiostrongylus malaysiensis larvae
Authors: Chaisiri K. , Dusitsittipon S. , Panitvong N. , Ketboonlue T. , Nuamtanong S. , Thaenkham U. , Morand S. , Dekumyoy P. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractInvasive species constitute one of the most serious threats to biodiversity and ecosystems, and they potentially cause economic problems and impact human health. The globally invasive New Guinea flatworm, Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae), has been identified as a threat to terrestrial biodiversity, particularly soil-dwelling native species (e.g. molluscs, annelids and other land planarians), and is listed among 100 of the world's worst invasive alien species. We report here, for the first time, P. manokwari occurrences in many locations throughout Thailand, using voluntary digital public participation from the social network portals associated with the Thailand Biodiversity Conservation Group and collections of living flatworm specimens. Mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences confirmed that all collected flatworms were P. manokwari and placed them in the “world haplotype” clade alongside other previously reported specimens from France, Florida (USA), Puerto Rico, Singapore, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, and the Solomon Islands. In addition, infective stage larvae (L3) of the nematode Angiostrongylus malaysiensis were found in the flatworm specimens, with a 12.4% infection rate (15/121 specimens examined). Platydemus manokwari occurrence in Thailand and its capacity to carry L3 of Angiostrongylus should be of concern to biodiversity conservation and human health practitioners, because this invasive flatworm species may be involved in the life cycle of angiostrongylid worms in Thailand.
The ineffectiveness of applying moisture to the ear on the incidence and severity of otic barotrauma for air passengers
Authors: Morse R P , Mitchell-Innes A 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe application of moisture to the ear is anecdotally claimed to relieve the pain from otic barotrauma that can arise during aircraft descent. This claim was tested in a randomised double-blind study on an aircraft with eight participants heavily predisposed to barotrauma.MethodsOn the outward flight, half the participants wore ‘active’ devices that applied moisture to the external ear; the remainder wore placebo devices that contained no moisture, but were otherwise identical. On the return flight, the groups were reversed. Participants wore the devices from just before descent until landing, unless they experienced symptoms of barotrauma, in which case they switched to what they knew was an active device.ResultsThere were no significant differences between conditions regarding the appearance of the tympanic membrane on landing or the discomfort levels immediately before and after any switch.ConclusionApplying moisture is ineffective for passengers heavily predisposed to otic barotrauma.
LE TRE ONDATE DELL'ESTREMISMO DI DESTRA IN GERMANIA OCCIDENTALE
Authors: Zimmermann Ekkart , Saalfeld Thomas 
Published: September 2018

Introduzione«Non sarà un secondo Hitler a sfidare lo stato di Bonn, nessun imitatore che possa accattivarsi la nostra attenzione. Sarà un originale senza precedenti, una personalità adeguata alle caratteristiche e ai bisogni del suo tempo. Le rassomiglianze risulteranno evidenti al massimo agli esperti, ma non all'elettorato di massa. La seduzione si avvicina alle sue vittime con immaginazione e fantasia, non secondo stereotipi e forme riconoscibili» (Neubauer 1985, 135, traduzione dal tedesco all'inglese degli Autori).
GLI EFFETTI DISTORSIVI DEL NUOVO SISTEMA ELETTORALE
Authors: Chiaramonte Alessandro 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneL'introduzione dei nuovi sistemi elettorali in Italia è stata accompagnata da un serrato dibattito in sede politica e scientifica sul grado di corrispondenza di tali meccanismi con gli obbiettivi insiti nella campagna e nel risultato referendario del 1993. L'interrogativo di fondo era se – alla prova dei fatti e, quindi, innestandosi nella reale situazione politica – le nuove regole si sarebbero rivelate idonee a produrre «esiti maggioritari». Ossia se, mediante i vincoli imposti alla competizione, avrebbero incentivato unalogica di aggregazione, premiando ampi schieramenti contrapposti e scoraggiando invece ifree riders, in vista di una possibile futura alternanza di governi.
LA STRUTTURAZIONE DEI SISTEMI PARTITICI NELLE NUOVE DEMOCRAZIE
Authors: Cotta Maurizio 
Published: September 2018

Sistemi partitici e spazio politico nelle nuove democrazieLa ricostruzione di un sistema partitico competitivo dopo la caduta di un regime non democratico (che per definizione aveva soppresso il pluralismo partitico) non comporta soltanto la creazione (e poi eventualmente il consolidamento) di un numero maggiore o minore di partiti con le proprie identità ideologiche, programmatiche e organizzative, ma anche la definizione di uno spazio politico all'interno del quale queste unità partitiche interagiranno. In effetti nei sistemi politici consolidati le identità stesse delle singole unità partitiche possono essere pienamente determinate solo collocandole nella dimensione sistemica.
LA CRESCITA DEI POTERI REGOLATIVI NELLA COMUNITÀ EUROPEA
Authors: Majone Giandomenico 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneLa rilevanza conferita dal Trattato di Maastricht al principio di sussidiarietà se da un lato rivela una diffusa preoccupazione circa la tendenza alla crescita dei poteri di regolazione di Bruxelles, solleva anche diversi interrogativi interessanti sotto il profilo teorico. In primo luogo, è possibile una sovra-regolazione al livello europeo, nonostante che i governi nazionali siano fortemente rappresentati ad ogni livello del processo decisionale? In secondo luogo, se è vero che gli stati membri si sforzano di preservare il più ampio margine possibile di sovranità e di autonomia nel policy-making, come dimostrano le forti resistenze agli interventi comunitari in aree quali la politica macroeconomica e la tassazione indiretta, perché allora essi hanno accettato molte misure regolative non previste dai trattati originari e non strettamente necessarie per il funzionamento del mercato comune? Infine, per quello che riguarda la qualità più che la quantità delle regole comunitarie, quanto è davvero possibile l'innovazione in un sistema dove i poteri formali di iniziativa della Commissione, così come le sue funzioni esecutive, sembrano essere così severamente controllati?
IL MODELLO SUD-EUROPEO Dl WELFARE STATE
Authors: Ferrera Maurizio 
Published: September 2018

Un welfare del Sud?Con il ritorno della democrazia e l'ingresso nella Comunità europea di Spagna, Portogallo e Grecia la visibilità dell'Europa meridionale è costantemente cresciuta nel corso dell'ultimo decennio. L'approssimarsi delle scadenze previste per l'Unione economico-monetaria e il dibattito sulla cosiddetta «dimensione sociale» hanno a loro volta attirato l'attenzione deipolicy makersnazionali e sovranazionali verso gli specifici problemi e le prospettive dei sistemi di welfare dei paesi latini. L'idea sottostante a questo nuovo interesse è che tali sistemi siano caratterizzati da una eredità comune e che si trovino oggi a fronteggiare sfide «regionali» anch'esse comuni nel nuovo contesto post-Maastricht.
QUALE SECESSIONE IN ITALIA?
Authors: Barlucchi M. Chiara 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneTra le molte osservazioni ripetute dalla televisione o scritte sui giornali a proposito del rito leghista del 15 settembre 1996, fra finta bonomia, preoccupazione terrorizzante, giudizi di insufficienza o ricorso al patetico, una è degna di rilievo: «la forza della Repubblica è la libertà; è inconcepibile reprimere le idee ma è rischioso non capirne il senso» (Colombo 1996).Sono state spese, difatti, molte parole per tentare di capire se si trattasse di un evento folkloristico o di una cosa seria con l'unico risultato di ammettere (in maniera più o meno esplicita) l'incapacità di decidere quale tra le due sia l'interpretazione adeguata e quando, eventualmente, la farsa smetta di essere tale.
ORDINE E MUTAMENTO NELLE RELAZIONI INTERNAZIONALI
Authors: Colombo Alessandro 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneSe è vero che i silenzi e le omissioni di una disciplina dicono, a volte, più di quanto dicano le sue parole, la riflessione post-bellica delle relazioni internazionali ha meno da dire sul mutamento internazionale di quanto questo abbia da dire sulle relazioni internazionali.Quando si tireranno le somme della storia della politica internazionale del nostro secolo, infatti, essa apparirà come una successione di mutamenti colossali: dalla fine degli imperi asburgico, ottomano e germanico all'indomani della prima guerra mondiale, a quella degli imperi coloniali dopo la seconda, fino a quella dell'impero russo-sovietico che ha chiuso anche simbolicamente il Novecento. Tanto più sorprendente, quindi, è il fatto che di questi processi non sia rimasta quasi traccia nell'analisi scientifica della politica internazionale. Con alcune lodevoli eccezioni, fino alla fine degli anni settanta la gran parte dell'analisi della politica internazionale si concentrò su elementi statici, quando non finì per essere pura e semplice teoria del bipolarismo. Diversi elementi giocarono a favore di questa scelta (Gilpin 1989, 4-6): la priorità, consueta nelle scienze sociali, dell'analisi statica rispetto all'analisi dinamica (Schumpeter 1979), resa ancora più pervasiva dal successo della teoria dei sistemi; il progressivo declino di quella che K.J. Holsti definì la «grande teoria» (Holsti 1971), cioè dei tentativi di costruire una teoria generale delle relazioni internazionali; la contraddizione tra i colossali mutamenti che avvenivano nel Terzo Mondo e la matrice euro-occidentale della disciplina; la mancanza, soprattutto, di una «domanda» di teorie del mutamento, annullata anch'essa nel «lungo presente» del confronto bipolare.
PLURALISMO, MULTICULTURALISMO E ESTRANEI
Authors: Sartori Giovanni 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneIl pluralismo è di moda. Ma le parole troppo popolari diventano oggetto di contesa e di conquista – dopotutto nomina numina – e così vengono abusate, distorte e trivializzate. Pertanto è bene ricostruire il concetto di pluralismo nella sua genesi e nel suo sviluppo storico, e così ancorare la parola alla storia della parola. Dal che risulterà che per quanto il concetto sia sempre stato, per così dire, elastico, non ne consegue che «pluralismo» sia una parola tuttofare atta a nobilitare quasiasi causa. A tirarli troppo anche gli elastici si rompono. Analogamente, più di tanto il concetto di pluralismo non può essere stiracchiato. O così sembra a me.
L'ATTIVITÀ LEGISLATIVA DEI GOVERNI AL TRAMONTO DELLA PRIMA REPUBBLICA
Authors: De Micheli Chiara 
Published: September 2018

IntroduzioneNel giudicare insoddisfacente il tasso di rendimento dei governi converge una parte autorevole degli analisti del sistema politico italiano, almeno fino agli inizi del presente decennio (Bibes 1974; Motta 1985; Allum 1993; Hine 1993; Regonini 1993; Cotta 1994; Fabbrini 1994; Morlino e Montero 1994; Calise 1994).