bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methods of the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey, wave 1 (2016)
Authors: Thompson Mary E. , Fong Geoffrey T. , Boudreau Christian , Driezen Pete , Li Grace , Gravely Shannon , Cummings K. Michael , Heckman Bryan W. , O'Connor Richard , Thrasher James F. , Nahhas Georges , Borland Ron , Yong Hua‐Hie , McNeill Ann , Hitchman Sara C. , Quah Anne C. K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimTo describe the methods of the 2016 International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping (4CV) Survey, conducted in 2016 in Australia (AU), Canada (CA), England (EN) and the United States (US).MethodsThe respondents were cigarette smokers, former smokers (quit within the previous 2 years), and at‐least‐weekly vapers, aged 18 years and older. Eligible cohort members from the ITC Four Country Survey (4C) were retained. New respondents were sampled by commercial firms from their panels. Where possible, ages 18–24 and vapers were oversampled. Data were collected online, and respondents were remunerated. Survey weights were calibrated to benchmarks from nationally representative surveys.ResultsResponse rates by country for new recruits once invited ranged from 15.2 to 49.6%. Sample sizes for smokers/former smokers were 1504 in AU, 3006 in CA, 3773 in EN and 2239 in the US. Sample sizes for additional vapers were 727 in CA, 551 in EN and 494 in the US.ConclusionThe International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey design and data collection methods allow analyses to examine prospectively the use of cigarettes and nicotine vaping products in jurisdictions with different regulatory policies. The effects on the sampling designs and response quality of recruiting the respondents from commercial panels are mitigated by the use of demographic and geographic quotas in sampling; by quality control measures; and by the construction of survey weights taking into account smoking/vaping status, sex, age, education and geography.
The Australian Trauma Registry
Authors: Fitzgerald Mark C. , Curtis Kate , Cameron Peter A. , Ford Jane E. , Howard Teresa S. , Crozier John A. , Fitzgerald Ailene , Gruen Russell L. , Pollard Clifford ,   on behalf of the AusTQIP Consortium
Published: December 2018

IntroductionInjuries are a major cause of disability and lost productivity. The case for a national trauma registry has been recognized by the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care and at a policy level.BackgroundThe need was flagged in 1993 by the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and the Australasian Trauma Society. In 2003, the Centre of National Research and Disability funded the Australian and New Zealand National Trauma Registry Consortium, which produced three consecutive annual reports. The bi‐national trauma minimum dataset was also developed during this time. Operations were suspended thereafter.MethodIn response to sustained lobbying the Australian Trauma Quality Improvement Program including the Australian Trauma Registry (ATR) commenced in 2012, with data collection from 26 major trauma centres. An inaugural report was released in late 2014.ResultThe Federal Government provided funding in December 2016 enabling the work of the ATR to continue. Data are currently being collected for cases that meet inclusion criteria with dates of injury in the 2017–2018 financial year. Since implementation, the number of submitted records has been increased from fewer than 7000 per year to over 8000 as completeness has improved. Four reports have been released and are available to stakeholders.ConclusionThe commitment shown by the College, other organizations and individuals to the vision of a national trauma registry has been consistent since 1993. The ATR is now well placed to improve the care of injured people.
Fire season modifies the perennial plant community composition through a differential effect on obligate seeders in eastern Mediterranean woodlands
Authors: Tsafrir Anat , Osem Yagil , Shemesh Hagai , Carmel Yohay , Soref Chanoch , Ovadia Ofer 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimPlant species regenerate after fire either through vegetative growth (i.e., obligate resprouters) or seed germination (i.e., obligate seeders), with some species adopting both strategies (i.e., facultative seeders). Fire season can have important consequences for the relative abundance of plant species adopting these regeneration strategies. The present study aimed to test for differential effects of fire season on perennial plant community composition.LocationEastern Mediterranean woodland in the Judea Mountains, Israel.MethodsWe conducted, for the first time, a large‐scale field experiment, involving prescribed spring and autumn burns in a typical eastern Mediterranean woodland. We sampled the perennial plant community before and after the burns, quantifying temporal changes in community composition caused by seasonal fires.ResultsAlthough fire intensity and severity were consistent between the two seasonal fires, plant community composition differed between areas subjected to spring or autumn burns. The abundances of all common species, Pistacia lenticus (obligate resprouter), Cistus spp. (obligate seeders) and Teucrium divaricatum (facultative seeder), were all reduced by both fires. Yet, their dominance in the post‐fire perennial plant community was retained. Differential fire season effects were detected only among obligate seeders, which experienced a stronger reduction in abundance after spring than after autumn burns.ConclusionsDifferential fire season effects on the perennial plant community resulted from phenological rather than fire intensity/severity effects. Such changes in community composition may have important implications for plant community dynamics, because they affect the circle of “fire event–plant regeneration–fire reoccurrence”, determining the probability and intensity of future fires. Furthermore, even though the eastern mediterranean ecosystem is considered highly resilient to disturbances, increased spatio‐temporal variation in fire season, may result in a new vegetation mosaic, differing from the contemporary one, i.e., an alternative stable state.
Between politics and business: Boardroom decision making in state‐owned Indonesian enterprises
Authors: Apriliyanti Indri Dwi , Randøy Trond 
Published: December 2018

AbstractResearch Question/IssueA significant part of the world's economy is controlled by state‐owned enterprises, and there is a lack of research on how the interplay between politics and business plays out in the boardroom. We address this issue by analyzing boardrooms' decision outcomes as they relate to the role of boardroom power distribution, members' motivation, and decision‐making approach.Research Findings/InsightsOn the basis of information from a sample of 22 state‐owned Indonesian enterprises, we found that a decision outcome in a boardroom is influenced by three factors: the motivation and decision‐making approach of individual board members and the distribution of power in the boardroom. We also found that, in several cases, board members are powerless decision makers, as the decision‐making process in the boardroom is controlled by the government and politicians.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study contributes to the understanding of the inner working processes in emerging‐market boardrooms, and we build a theory‐driven typology of boards' decision outcomes.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis paper highlights the nature of political interactions within the boards of state‐owned enterprises, and we recommend that state‐owned enterprises seek board members who are knowledgeable and rationally motivated, as well as seek a (more) equal power distribution among board members. Politicking and political interference can lower the quality of boards' decisions.
Low‐temperature storage of Exorista larvarum puparia as a tool for assisting parasitoid production
Authors: Benelli Maurizio , Tóth Franciska , Dindo Maria L. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTachinid parasitoids deserve to be better exploited as natural enemies of insect pests. The development of efficient mass‐rearing techniques for these entomophagous insects may encourage their use in biological control programs. Exorista larvarum (L.) (Diptera: Tachinidae) is a Palearctic species, which has been introduced in northern America for the control of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.). The potential use of this polyphagous parasitoid of Lepidoptera against other forest and agricultural pests encourages research aimed at the improvement of techniques for its rearing, including protocols for storage at low temperature. This technology allows a certain degree of control over the speed of development of the stored insects and assists mass‐rearing facilities that have to match production with demand, especially during field outbreaks of pests. With the aim of developing storage protocols for E. larvarum, we investigated the effects of storage for 1–4 weeks of 1‐day‐old puparia at 15 °C. Lower temperatures (5 and 10 °C) and longer storage periods were excluded following the outcome of preliminary experiments. Parasitoid emergence and quality control parameters of the female flies obtained from the stored puparia were evaluated. In addition, female lipid body reserves were measured. The temperature of 15 °C proved to be suitable for all the durations tested, although some detrimental effects were observed following storage (e.g., lower longevity and fecundity). Our findings may prove useful to increase the flexibility of E. larvarum colony management.
Evolution of the Torso activation cassette, a pathway required for terminal patterning and moulting
Authors: Skelly J. , Pushparajan C. , Duncan E. J. , Dearden P. K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractEmbryonic terminal patterning and moulting are critical developmental processes in insects. In Drosophila and Tribolium both of these processes are regulated by the Torso‐activation cassette (TAC). The TAC consists of a common receptor, Torso, ligands Trunk and prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), and the spatially restricted protein Torso‐like, with combinations of these elements acting mechanistically to activate the receptor in different developmental contexts. In order to trace the evolutionary history of the TAC we determined the presence or absence of TAC components in the genomes of arthropods. Our analyses reveal that Torso, Trunk and PTTH are evolutionarily labile components of the TAC with multiple individual or combined losses occurring in the arthropod lineages leading to and within the insects. These losses are often correlated, with both ligands and receptor missing from the genome of the same species. We determine that the PTTH gene evolved in the common ancestor of Hemiptera and Holometabola, and is missing from the genomes of a number of species with experimentally demonstrated PTTH activity, implying another molecule may be involved in ecdysis in these species. In contrast, the torso‐like gene is a common component of pancrustacean genomes.
Consecutive influenza surveillance of neuraminidase mutations and neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in Japan
Authors: Chong Yong , Matsumoto Shinya , Kang Dongchon , Ikematsu Hideyuki 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundThe large consumption of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) for the treatment of influenza virus infections places Japan at risk of becoming the epicenter of the global spread of NAI‐resistant viruses.ObjectiveTo clarify NA amino acid mutations of epidemic influenza viruses in Japan and their related NAI resistance.MethodsA total of 1791 samples, including 396 A/H1N1pdm09, 1117 A/H3N2, and 278 B isolates, were collected to determine of their 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values by NAIs (oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, and laninamivir) during the Japanese seasons from 2011‐2012 to 2016‐2017. Then, 380 samples including 49 A/H1N1pdm09, 251 A/H3N2, and 80 B isolates were sequenced for the entire NA genes.ResultsNeuraminidase inhibitor‐resistant A/H1N1pdm09 viruses were detected at a frequency of 1.3% (5/396 isolates) in the epidemic seasons. None of the A/H3N2 and B viruses developed resistance to any of the four NAIs during the six seasons. Only five and 13 AA mutations were detected in the NA catalytic sites of A/H1N1pdm09 and A/H3N2 viruses, respectively. No mutations were observed in the catalytic sites of B viruses. Four of the five mutations in the catalytic sites of A/H1N1pdm09 consisted of H275Y, which was related to high resistance to oseltamivir and peramivir. Most (10/13) of the catalytic site mutations in A/H3N2 were associated with MDCK‐passaged induction (D151G/N). Finally, no mutations related to substantial NAI resistance were detected in the A/H3N2 and B viruses examined.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the NA catalytic sites of influenza viruses are well preserved. Even in Japan, no spread of NAI‐resistant viruses has been observed, and A/H1N1pdm09 viruses carrying H275Y remain limited.
An integrative review of sibling responses to childhood cancer
Authors: Weiner Jamie A. , Woodley Lisa K. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTopicSiblings of children with cancer experience extraordinary responses and changes to their lives over the course of their family's cancer journey.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct an integrative literature review to synthesize and analyze relevant findings related to the siblings’ experiences of childhood cancer.Sources UsedCINAHL, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO were searched using the key terms: “sibling*” AND “pediatric*” AND “cancer” AND “experienc*” OR “experience*.” Inclusion criteria for this review were research studies focused on sibling responses to having a brother or sister with cancer, published in English between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017.ConclusionsSiblings of children with cancer experience many changes to their emotions, relationships, family and home life, school life, and extracurricular activities. They have specific needs and desires including the need for information. Whereas they undergo many changes during the cancer journey, siblings often demonstrate resilience and personal growth and find ways to problem‐solve and cope.
Periprocedural pulmonary aspiration: An analysis of medical malpractice cases and alleged causative factors
Authors: Eltorai Ashley Szabo 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRationale Aims and ObjectivesPulmonary aspiration is a feared complication of anaesthesia that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Within the small existing body of literature on medical malpractice claims related to periprocedural aspiration, very little information is available regarding the case‐specific factors that were alleged to contribute to each aspiration event.MethodsThis study searched an extensive nationwide database of medical malpractice claims and identified 43 relating to periprocedural pulmonary aspiration.ResultsThe most common mechanism of causation cited in these claims (37%) was the failure to secure the airway with an endotracheal tube (ETT) when an elevated aspiration risk existed, most commonly because endotracheal intubation was not originally selected as part of the anaesthetic plan. The second most common alleged category of causation (33%) was the failure to perform a proper rapid‐sequence induction and/or place a nasogastric tube (NGT) for decompression prior to induction. An equal amount of cases resulted in defendant versus plaintiff verdicts (44.2% each), while a settlement was reached in the remaining 11.6% of cases.ConclusionThese findings are generalizable to clinical practice improvement on a broader scale. They demonstrate the need to develop reliable, high‐sensitivity tests for detecting elevated risk before clinicians can be expected to take special steps to protect susceptible patients, and they also show that medical malpractice can be alleged because of failure to uphold currently accepted standards of care even when the published evidence for those standards is weak. This study demonstrates that careful review of medical malpractice litigation can elucidate common contributory factors and facilitate improvements in clinical practice and decision‐making.
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain
Authors: McDowell Megan , Cain Mary Ashley , Brumley Jessica 
Published: December 2018

AbstractExcessive gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with an increasing incidence of maternal and neonatal complications, including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal macrosomia, and increased cesarean birth rates. In the United States, it is recommended that health care providers use an individualized approach to counsel a woman about pregnancy weight gain goals that is based on the woman's initial body mass index (BMI) and to track GWG throughout the pregnancy by evaluating maternal weight at each visit. Studies have shown that women entering pregnancy with a higher BMI are at increased risk for excessive GWG and postpartum weight retention. Research also demonstrates an increased risk of childhood obesity in children born to women with excessive GWG. Specific counseling about exercise and diet, as well as technology and motivational interviewing, are some tools prenatal care providers can use that have been shown to be effective in reducing excessive GWG. This article reviews the current research regarding maternal and neonatal risks associated with excessive GWG, as well as the interventions that have demonstrated promise for addressing this problem.
Contraceptive Use Among Women with Prediabetes and Diabetes in a US National Sample
Authors: Britton Laura E. , Hussey Jon M. , Berry Diane C. , Crandell Jamie L. , Brooks Jada L. , Bryant Amy G. 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionAlthough elevated blood glucose is associated with adverse maternal and fetal health outcomes, evidence suggests that women with diabetes may not be receiving comprehensive reproductive health care, including family planning and preconception care. Using a population‐based sample, we evaluated the relationship between contraceptive use and biomarker‐identified diabetes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used data from 5548 women in the nationally representative National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) from 2007 to 2009. Women were aged 24 to 32 years, sexually active with men, and not pregnant. Hemoglobin A1C identified prediabetes and diabetes from blood specimens. The primary outcome was most effective contraception used in the past year: more effective (sterilization, intrauterine device, implant, combined hormonal methods, or injectable), less effective (condoms, diaphragms, spermicides, natural family planning, or withdrawal), or none. Multinomial regression models were adjusted for race and ethnicity, education, insurance, health care access, and body mass index.ResultsOf the women with diabetes, 37.6% used more effective contraception, 33.6% less effective contraception, and 28.8% none. Women with diabetes had higher odds of using no contraception, rather than more effective contraception, than women with normoglycemia (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.25‐2.87). Women with diabetes who were undiagnosed had greater odds of using less effective contraception, rather than more effective contraception, compared with those who were diagnosed (aOR 3.39; 95% CI, 1.44‐7.96). Contraceptive use did not differ between women with prediabetes and normoglycemia.DiscussionLess effective contraceptive methods were commonly used by women with diabetes. Midwives and other women's health care providers can support women with diabetes to reach their pregnancy goals by providing preconception care and family planning.
Tmem30a deficiency leads to retinal rod bipolar cell degeneration
Authors: Yang Yeming , Liu Wenjing , Sun Kuanxiang , Jiang Li , Zhu Xianjun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPhospholipids are asymmetrically distributed across the mammalian plasma membrane, with phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine concentrated in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the membrane bilayer and phosphatidylcholine in the exoplasmic leaflet. This asymmetric distribution is dependent on a group of P4 ATPases called PS flippases. The proper transport and function of PS flippases require a β‐subunit transmembrane protein 30A (TMEM30A). Disruption of PS flippases leads to several human diseases. Tmem30a is essential for photoreceptor survival. However, the roles of Tmem30a in the retinal rod bipolar cells (RBC) remain elusive. To investigate the role of Tmem30a in the RBCs, we generated a RBC‐specific Tmem30a knockout (cKO) mouse model using PCP2‐Cre line. The Tmem30a cKO mice exhibited defect in RBC function and progressive RBC death. PKCα staining of retinal cryosections from cKO mice revealed a remarkable dendritic sprouting of rod bipolar cells during the early degenerative process. Immunostaining analysis of PSD95 and mGluT6 expression demonstrated that rod bipolar cells in Tmem30a cKO retinas exhibited aberrant dendritic sprouting as a result of impaired synaptic efficacy, which implied a crucial role for Tmem30a in synaptic transmission in the retina. In addition, loss of Tmem30a led to reactive gliosis with increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and CD68. TUNEL staining suggested that apoptotic cell death occurred in the retinal inner nuclear layer (INL). Our data show that loss of Tmem30a in RBCs results in dendritic sprouting of rod bipolar cells, increased astrogliosis and RBC death. Taken together, our studies demonstrate an essential role for Tmem30a in the retinal bipolar cells.
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Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14492.
Pipelle biopsy and dilatation and curettage in clinical practice: are factors affecting their effectiveness the same?
Authors: Piatek Szymon , Warzecha Damian , Kisielewski Filip , Szymusik Iwona , Panek Grzegorz , Wielgos Miroslaw 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAimEndometrial biopsy is one of the most commonly performed gynecological procedures. Apart from patient safety, the most important is to obtain an adequate specimen allowing histopathological diagnosis. The aim of the study was to determine the rate of endometrial sampling failure and factors affecting the quality of specimen obtained for histopathological examination among patients who underwent Pipelle biopsy and dilatation and curettage (D&C).MethodsPatients who underwent endometrial biopsy (Pipelle, D&C) at the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, between June 2013 and July 2017, were included in the study. The influence of menopausal status, body mass index, obstetric history, endometrial thickness, indications for the biopsy and doctors' experience were analyzed with regard to the effectiveness of the procedure.ResultsOverall, 895 endometrial sampling procedures were performed. Three hundred and thirty‐nine (37.9%) patients underwent Pipelle biopsy, while 556 (62.1%) had D&C. Insufficient samples were found in 60 (17.3%) and 88 (15.8%) patients, respectively. Age, menopausal status and indications were factors affecting both procedures, while the number of previous vaginal deliveries, body mass index and endometrial thickness influenced the effectiveness of Pipelle biopsy. Doctors' experience did not influence the specimen adequacy.ConclusionNone of the methods guarantee obtaining adequate specimens. D&C might be preferred in postmenopausal women. The effectiveness of both procedures is independent of doctors' experience.