bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current cancer situation in China: good or bad news from the 2018 Global Cancer Statistics?
Authors: Feng Rui‐Mei , Zong Yi‐Nan , Cao Su‐Mei , Xu Rui‐Hua 
Published: April 2019

AbstractCancer is the leading cause of death in China and depicting the cancer pattern of China would provide basic knowhows on how to tackle it more effectively. In this study we have reviewed several reports of cancer burden, including the Global cancer statistics 2018 and Cancer statistics in China, 2015, along with the GLOBCAN 2018 online database, to investigate the differences of cancer patterns between China, the United States (USA) and the United Kingdom (UK). An estimated 4.3 million new cancer cases and 2.9 million new cancer deaths occurred in China in 2018. Compared to the USA and UK, China has lower cancer incidence but a 30% and 40% higher cancer mortality than the UK and USA, among which 36.4% of the cancer‐related deaths were from the digestive tract cancers (stomach, liver, and esophagus cancer) and have relatively poorer prognoses. In comparison, the digestive cancer deaths only took up ≤ 5% of the total cancer deaths in either USA or UK. Other reasons for the higher mortality in China may be the low rate of early‐stage cancers at diagnosis and non‐uniformed clinical cancer treatment strategies performed by different regions. China is undergoing the cancer transition stage where the cancer spectrum is changing from developing country to developed country, with a rapidly increase cancer burden of colorectal, prostate, female breast cancers in addition to a high occurrence of infection‐related and digestive cancers. The incidence of westernized lifestyle‐related cancers in China (i.e. colorectal cancer, prostate, bladder cancer) has risen but the incidence of the digestive cancers has decreased from 2000 to 2011. An estimated 40% of the risk factors can be attributed to environmental and lifestyle factors either in China or other developed countries. Tobacco smoking is the single most important carcinogenic risk factor in China, contributing to ~ 24.5% of cancers in males. Chronic infection is another important preventable cancer contributor which is responsible for ~ 17% of cancers. Comprehensive prevention and control strategies in China should include effective tobacco‐control policy, recommendations for healthier lifestyles, along with enlarging the coverage of effective screening, educating, and vaccination programs to better sensitize greater awareness control to the general public.
Adenosine and hyaluronan promote lung fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension in combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema
Authors: Collum Scott D. , Molina Jose G. , Hanmandlu Ankit , Bi Weizhen , Pedroza Mesias , Mertens Tinne C. J. , Wareing Nancy , Wei Wang , Wilson Cory , Sun Wenchao , Rajadas Jayakumar , Bollyky Paul L. , Philip Kemly M. , Ren Dewei , Thandavarayan Rajarajan A. , Bruckner Brian A. , Xia Yang , Blackburn Michael R. , Karmouty-Quintana Harry 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a syndrome that predominantly affects male smokers or ex-smokers and it has a mortality rate of 55% and a median survival of 5 years. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a frequently fatal complication of CPFE. Despite this dismal prognosis, no curative therapies exist for patients with CPFE outside of lung transplantation and no therapies are recommended to treat PH. This highlights the need to develop novel treatment approaches for CPFE. Studies from our group have demonstrated that both adenosine and its receptor ADORA2B are elevated in chronic lung diseases. Activation of ADORA2B leads to elevated levels of hyaluronan synthases (HAS) and increased hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan that contributes to chronic lung injury. We hypothesize that ADORA2B and hyaluronan contribute to CPFE. Using isolated CPFE lung tissue, we characterized expression levels of ADORA2B and HAS. Next, using a unique mouse model of experimental lung injury that replicates features of CPFE, namely airspace enlargement, PH and fibrotic deposition, we investigated whether 4MU, a HAS inhibitor, was able to inhibit features of CPFE. Increased protein levels of ADORA2B and HAS3 were detected in CPFE and in our experimental model of CPFE. Treatment with 4MU was able to attenuate PH and fibrosis but not airspace enlargement. This was accompanied by a reduction of HAS3-positive macrophages. We have generated pre-clinical data demonstrating the capacity of 4MU, an FDA-approved drug, to attenuate features of CPFE in an experimental model of chronic lung injury.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Activated T-Follicular Helper 2 Cells Are Associated With Disease Activity in IgG4-Related Sclerosing Cholangitis and Pancreatitis
Authors: Cargill Tamsin , Makuch Mateusz , Sadler Ross , Lighaam Laura C. , Peters Rory , van Ham Marieke , Klenerman Paul , Bateman Adrian , Rispens Theo , Barnes Eleanor , Culver Emma L. 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Immunoglobulin G4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) and autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) are characterized by an abundance of circulating and tissue IgG4-positive plasma cells. T-follicular helper (Tfh) cells are necessary for B-cell differentiation into plasma cells. We aimed at elucidating the presence and phenotype of Tfh cells and their relationship with disease activity in IgG4-SC/AIP.

METHODS:
Circulating Tfh-cell subsets were characterized by multiparametric flow cytometry in IgG4-SC/AIP (n = 18), disease controls with primary sclerosing cholangitis (n = 8), and healthy controls (HCs, n = 9). Tissue Tfh cells were characterized in IgG4-SC/AIP (n = 12) and disease control (n = 10) specimens. Activated PD1+ Tfh cells were cocultured with CD27+ memory B cells to assess their capacity to support B-cell differentiation. Disease activity was assessed using the IgG4–responder index and clinical parameters.

RESULTS:
Activated circulating PD-1+CXCR5+ Tfh cells were expanded in active vs inactive IgG4-SC/AIP, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and HC (P < 0.01), with enhanced PD-1 expression on all Tfh-cell subsets (Tfh1, P = 0.003; Tfh2, P = 0.0006; Th17, P = 0.003). Expansion of CD27+CD38+CD19lo plasmablasts in active disease vs HC (P = 0.01) correlated with the PD-1+ Tfh2 subset (r = 0.69, P = 0.03). Increased IL-4 and IL-21 cytokine production from stimulated cells of IgG4-SC/AIP, important in IgG4 class switch and proliferation, correlated with PD-1+ Tfh2 (r = 0.89, P = 0.02) and PD-1+ Tfh17 (r = 0.83, P = 0.03) subsets. Coculture of PD1+ Tfh with CD27+ B cells induced higher IgG4 expression than with PD1− Tfh (P = 0.008). PD-1+ Tfh2 cells were strongly associated with clinical markers of disease activity: sIgG4 (r = 0.70, P = 0.002), sIgE (r = 0.66, P = 0.006), and IgG4–responder index (r = 0.60, P = 0.006). Activated CXCR5+ Tfh cells homed to lymphoid follicles in IgG4-SC/AIP tissues.

CONCLUSIONS:
Circulating and tissue-activated Tfh cells are expanded in IgG4-SC/AIP, correlate with disease activity, and can drive class switch and proliferation of IgG4-committed B cells. PD1+ Tfh2 cells may be a biomarker of active disease and a potential target for immunotherapy.
Liberia: A Colonized Nation and the Role of English in that Process
Authors: Ballah Henryatta L. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
One hundred and ninety-seven years since the first black settlers settled in Liberia in 1822, the country’s historical past remains unsettled. How to categorize the interactions between the settlers/descendants and the indigenous peoples—and what to make of such interactions—remains a major debate among Liberianists. The major contention centers on the issue of whether or not Liberia can be considered a colonized society. This article engages with this debate by carefully examining the historical record, especially the official use of language in the construction of a unique social, cultural, political, and linguistic identity that privileged the settlers over the indigenous populations, to show that contrary to the dominant perspective among historians, Liberia should be classified among the colonized societies of West Africa.
The Wild Bunch: Cowboy Clubs, Gangs, and Societies in Nigeria
Authors: Schulze Katrin 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Half a century after the release of Django, Sergio Corbucci’s eponymous hero still traverses Nigeria painted on the tailgates of lorries—an enduring testament to a fascination with the Cowboy that took root among Nigerian youths in the 1920s. It found its most hotly debated expression in cowboy clubs, gangs, and societies that proliferated across Nigeria in the late 1940s. This article pieces together disparate reports of their practices to sketch the Cowboy’s history in Nigeria, arguing that Nigerian cowboy clubs, gangs, and societies identified in Hollywood and Italian Westerns’ resonant images and narratives. Cowboy clubs, gangs, and societies reassembled artifacts, ideas, and practices from diverse sources including but not limited to Westerns. They forged modern identities beyond localized tradition, colonial convention, and anti-colonial nationalism; the Cowboy’s globalized iconographies adding a sense of adventure and outlaw masculinity.
Phytochemical screening and estrogenic activity of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola
Authors: Li Wen-Lan , Ding Jing-Xin , Liu Bing-Mei , Zhang Da-Lei , Song Hui , Sun Xiang-Ming , Liu Gui-Yu , Wang Jing-Ya , Ji Yu-Bin 
Published: April 2019

AbstractOver the decades, there have been continuous efforts to enhance the quality of human life. Postmenopausal syndrome is a serious concern for the wellbeing of a woman's health. Hormonal therapy is currently the mainstay of treatment for this condition. However, this therapy could lead to estrogen abuse, leading to adverse reactions and side effects. As a result, hormonal therapy has been unsuccessful in ameliorating postmenopausal syndrome. Cistanche deserticola is a classical tonic herb in traditional Chinese medicine. It exhibits significant estrogenic activity. The main active compounds of this herb are glycosides. In a previous experiment, three important factors contributing to the total glycoside yield, acteoside yield, and estrogenic activity were identified, namely, eluent concentration, pH, and eluent volume. In this experiment, an optimal purification process was determined using a central composite design-response surface methodology to obtain glycosides from this herb. An eluent (ethanol) concentration of 85% and volume of 25 BV at a pH of 11 was found to be optimal. Twenty-one active compounds were identified by a high-performance liquid chromatography/ quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry assay. This study provides valuable insights for further in-depth research evaluating the estrogenic activities of total glycosides of Cistanche deserticola.
Subparaneural injection in popliteal sciatic nerve blocks evaluated by MRI
Authors: Büttner Benedikt , Schwarz Alexander , Mewes Caspar , Kristof Katalin , Hinz José , Quintel Michael , Mansur Ashham , Bergmann Ingo 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Intraneural injection of a local anesthetic can damage the nerve, yet it occurs frequently during distal sciatic block with no neurological sequelae. This has led to a controversy about the optimal needle tip placement that results from the particular anatomy of the sciatic nerve with its paraneural sheath.
The study population included patients undergoing lower extremity surgery under popliteal sciatic nerve block. Ultrasound-guidance was used to position the needle tip subparaneurally and to monitor the injection of the local anesthetic. Sonography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to assess the extent of the subparaneural injection.
Twenty-two patients participated. The median sciatic cross-sectional area increased from 57.8 mm2 pre-block to 110.8 mm2 immediately post-block. An intraneural injection according to the current definition was seen in 21 patients. Two patients had sonographic evidence of an intrafascicular injection, which was confirmed by MRI in one patient (the other patient refused further examinations). No patient reported any neurological symptoms.
A subparaneural injection in the popliteal segment of the distal sciatic nerve is actually rarely intraneural, i.e. intrafascicular. This may explain the discrepancy between the conventional sonographic evidence of an intraneural injection and the lack of neurological sequelae.
Quantitative analysis of SERS spectra of MnSOD over fluctuated aptamer signals using multivariate statistics
Authors: Yasukuni Ryohei , Gillibert Raymond , Triba Mohamed N. , Grinyte Ruta , Pavlov Valery , Lamy de la Chapelle Marc 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors using specific aptamers often show difficulties in quantitative analysis because the instable aptamer structures show fluctuated background signals. In this communication, we address the quantitative analysis of the SERS spectra of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in different concentrations over the signal arisen from its specific aptamer using multivariate statistical analysis. MnSOD is a primary antioxidant enzyme protecting normal tissue against oxidative stress and is known as a cancer biomarker. By applying principal component analysis, SERS spectra were distinguished when MnSOD was present in a specimen even at 10 pm. The relation between SERS spectra and MnSOD concentrations calculated by partial least-squares regression predicted MnSOD concentrations within one order of magnitude. Moreover, statistically obtained spectral correlations reveal that spectral differences did not originate from additional peaks of MnSOD but from the thermodynamic stability of the aptamer structures. These results open new paths for detection and analytical strategies of SERS-based bio-sensors using aptamers.
Prediction of global value chain based on cognitive neural network -Take Chinese automobile industry as an example
Authors: Yang Qi 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Cognitive artificial neural network is a hot research field which is an important part of human intelligence research. In recent years, artificial neural network has been used in the fields of neuroscience, computer science, cognitive science, mathematics and physics. With the Chinese automobile industry as the research object, the global value chain as the research tool, and the promotion of Chinese automobile industry cluster as the research objective, This paper deals with information processing by simulating neural activity in the brain according to the cognitive artificial neural network to study the upgrading of Chinese automobile industry cluster, and puts forward the related suggestion on the upgrading of Chinese automobile industry cluster. This study believes that in order to promote the upgrading of Chinese automobile industry cluster, it’s essential to promote the independent innovation of enterprises in the cluster and indispensable to strengthen government support, which has certain guiding significance to the development of Chinese automobile industry cluster.
Study on the progress of neural mechanism of positive emotions
Authors: Yin Jie 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Positive emotions refer to emotions accompanied by pleasant feelings, such as happiness, interest, satisfaction, pride, and love, which are generated by individuals in response to internal and external stimuli and events. Positive emotions are conscious processes that involve a variety of components, such as a pleasant experience, facial/body expressions, evaluations, and especially behavioural plans and activation states. People's cognitive process is often accompanied by emotions, and the influence of positive emotions on cognitive activities has gradually become the focus of research in recent years. This study constructs a regulation model and an assessment model of positive emotions, and analyses the neural mechanisms of the effects of dopamine substances on human positive emotions.
Design Science Research for Computational Thinking in Constructionist Education: A Pragmatist Perspective
Authors: Dolgopolovas Vladimiras , Dagienė Valentina , Jasutė Eglė , Jevsikova Tatjana 
Published: April 2019

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
The article examines the modern computer-based educational environment and the requirements of the possible cognitive interface that enables the learner’s cognitive grounding by incorporating abductive reasoning into the educational process. Although the main emphasis is on cognitive and physiological aspects, the practical tools for enabling computational thinking in a modern constructionist educational environment are discussed. The presented analytical material and developed solutions are aimed at education with computers. However, the proposed solutions can be generalized in order to create a computer-free educational environment. The generalized paradigm here is pragmatism, considered as a philosophical assumption. By designing and creating a pragmatist educational environment, a common way of organizing computational thinking that enables constructionist educational solutions can be found.
Emlődaganatos nőbetegek komplex támogató terápiája. Egy pszichológiai intervenciós kutatás előzetes eredményei
Authors: Wittmann Victoria , Látos Melinda , Horváth Zoltán , Simonka Zsolt , Paszt Attila , Lázár György , Csabai Márta 
Published: April 2019

Abstract: Introduction: Interdisciplinary studies confirm that the traumatic nature of cancer diagnosis and the long course of treatment may often lead to a series of emotional problems among cancer patients, this way precluding physical and psychological recovery. Aim: The aim of the study was to create a complex psychosocial intervention program for breast cancer patients and to present our preliminary results. Method: In our 6 week long study, 50 breast cancer patients were assessed. The intervention group comprised of 20 patients, the control group comprised of 30 patients. Measurements included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Breast (FACT-B) and the Breast-Impact of Treatment Scale (BITS). Therapeutic tools used were the PRISM-D and the Body-Sculpture Test. Results: Our results indicate that the psychological interventions may have an instant stress-relieving and calming effect on our patients, this way providing social support. The type of surgery significantly influenced the levels of body change stress. Conclusion: Our results highlight the importance of early psychological screening among breast cancer patients before and after surgery as well. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(18): 700–709.
Pesan Dakwah tentang Nikah di Media Sosial Instagram
Authors: Ismail Nurasiah , Abidin Zainal , Fatoni Uwes 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this research is to know the meaning of message of da'wah about marriage in social media of instagram on account of @nikahbarokah which is formulated in the question how the meaning of denotation, connotation, and myth of da'wah message about marriage in account instagram @niahbarokah ? The method used in this study is semiotics analysis in the form of data analysis that is by determining quote, interpreting quote, menyangkutkan with what is considered a valuable society with the meaning of semiotics in the form of denotation meaning, connotation meaning, the meaning of myths are considered capable to recognize the signs and messages hidden behind quote message da'wah about marriage on account instagram @niahbarokah. The result concluded that the message of da'wah about marriage posted by account manager of @nikahbarokah during October to December 2016 there are 8 quote of message of da'wah classified based on the stage of marriage is ta'aruf, marriage and post marriage in physiological aspects (sakinah), psychological (mawadah), and sociological (rahmah). In denotative post contained in the picture contains elements of images, writing words and connotative with regard to the meaning contained in denotation, and the meaning of myths relating to daily life.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui makna pesan dakwah tentang nikah di media sosial instagram pada akun @nikahbarokah yang terumuskan di dalam pertanyaan bagaimana makna denotasi, makna konotasi dan mitos pesan dakwah tentang nikah dalam akun instagram @nikahbarokah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis semiotika yang berbentuk analisis data yaitu dengan menentukan quote, menafsirkan quote, menyangkutkan dengan yang dianggap masyarakat bernilai dengan makna semiotika berupa makna denotasi, makna konotasi, makna mitos yang dianggap mampu untuk mengenali tanda dan pesan yang tersembunyi dibalik quote pesan dakwah tentang nikah pada akun instagram @nikahbarokah. Hasil dari penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pesan dakwah tentang nikah yang diposting pengelola akun @nikahbarokah selama bulan Oktober sampai Desember 2016 terdapat 8 quote pesan dakwah diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tahap pernikahan yaitu taaruf, nikah dan pasca nikah dalam aspek fisiologis (sakinah), psikologis (mawadah), dan sosiologis (rahmah). Secara denotatif postingan yang terdapat pada gambar mengandung unsur gambar, tulisan kata-kata dan secara konotatif yang berkaitan dengan makna yang terdapat pada denotasi, dan secara makna mitos yang berkaitan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.
Analisis Wacana Pesan Dakwah pada Film Cinta dalam Ukhwah
Authors: Nursyamsi Yasyifa Fajaria , Sholahudin Dindin , Sukayat Tata 
Published: April 2019

This research describes the message of dakwah clarity of discourse. Film as a medium of da'wah becomes a thing to be examined both in terms of meaning and production, especially in the field of I'lam. Its presence in the scholarship of da'wah can be a reference that supports the spread of Islamic values. This qualitative research uses the theory of discourse analysis according to Teun Van Djik with the concept of 'social cognition' which is adapted from the social psychology approach to explain the structure and process of forming a text. The results of the film Love in this ukhuwah got three main conclusions: first the text of this film contain Message da'wah with the topic of tolerance, ukhuwah and inclusivism. Second, the social cognition of the author's personal experience affects how text scenarios are produced. Thirdly, the social context of Islamic societal issues is raised as 'conflict and anti-climax' in dialogue on scenarios and film texts produced. The story presented in the film is lifted from the discourse through psychosocial approaches, constructing discourses about critical attitudes and tabayun against this Jewish strategy as a moral message.

Penelitian ini memaparkan pesan dakwah dari kejelasan wacananya. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan teori analisis wacana menurut Teun Van Djik dengan konsep ‘kognisi sosial’ istilah yang disadur dari pendekatan psikologi sosial untuk menjelaskan struktur dan proses terbentuk suatu teks. Hasil penelitian di film Cinta dalam Ukhuwah ini didapatkan tiga kesimpulan utama: pertama secara teks film ini mengandung Pesan dakwah dengan topik toleransi, ukhuwah dan inklusivisme. Kedua, kognisi sosial pengalaman pribadi penulis mempengaruhi bagaimana teks skenario diproduksi. Ketiga, konteks sosial permasalahan masyarakat Islam diangkat sebagai ‘konflik dan anti klimaks’ dalam dialog pada teks skenario dan film yang diproduksi. Cerita yang disampaikan dalam film di angkat dari wacana melalui pendekatan psikososial, mengkontruksi wacana tentang sikap kritis dan tabayun terhadap strategi yahudi ini sebagai pesan moral.