bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of jujube powder incorporation on the chemical, rheological, and sensory properties of toffee
Authors: Bahrasemani Koohestani Mahdieh , Sahari Mohammad A. , Barzegar Mohsen 
Published: December 2018

AbstractOne of the major problems caused by the consumption of toffee is its high sugar content. So, great efforts have been made to replace sugar in toffee with bioactive ingredients. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research relevant to the application of jujube powder as sugar replacer in toffee. In this study, the sugar content of the toffee was replaced with the jujube powder in six different levels 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, and the physico‐chemical, rheological, and sensory properties of the toffee were evaluated. The results showed that the fat, raw energy,pH, color (L*,a*,b*), sucrose, and firmness of the toffee samples decreased by increasing the percentage of jujube powder in the formulas but their moisture, water activity, ash, protein, glucose, and fructose increased. The rheological results revealed that storage modulus (G′) was greater than loss modulus (G″), which represents the elastic behavior (solid‐like) of the samples. Also storage modulus (G′) of the control sample (jujube powder instead of 0% sugar) was greater than that the other samples. On the other hand, the firmness of the samples was decreased by increasing the percent of jujube powder. According to the chemical and rheological results, samplesIIIandIV(jujube powder instead of 40% and 60% sugar, respectively) were selected as optimum samples. Then the sensory properties were compared to that of control. No significant difference observed in chewiness, taste, flavor, sweetness, color, after‐taste, and overall acceptance between the control and the two other samples.
A concise and persistent feature to study brain resting‐state network dynamics: Findings from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Authors: Kuang Liqun , Han Xie , Chen Kewei , Caselli Richard J. , Reiman Eric M. , Wang Yalin ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: December 2018

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia in the elderly with no effective treatment currently. Recent studies of noninvasive neuroimaging, resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) with graph theoretical analysis have shown that patients with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit disrupted topological organization in large‐scale brain networks. In previous work, it is a common practice to threshold such networks. However, it is not only difficult to make a principled choice of threshold values, but also worse is the discard of potential important information. To address this issue, we propose a threshold‐free feature by integrating a prior persistent homology‐based topological feature (the zeroth Betti number) and a newly defined connected component aggregation cost feature to model brain networks over all possible scales. We show that the induced topological feature (Integrated Persistent Feature) follows a monotonically decreasing convergence function and further propose to use its slope as a concise and persistent brain network topological measure. We apply this measure to study rs‐fMRI data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative and compare our approach with five other widely used graph measures across five parcellation schemes ranging from 90 to 1,024 region‐of‐interests. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed network measure shows more statistical power and stronger robustness in group difference studies in that the absolute values of the proposed measure of AD are lower than MCI and much lower than normal controls, providing empirical evidence for decreased functional integration in AD dementia and MCI.
Neuroanatomical deficits shared by youth with autism spectrum disorders and psychotic disorders
Authors: Díaz‐Caneja Covadonga M. , Schnack Hugo , Martínez Kenia , Santonja Javier , Alemán‐Gomez Yasser , Pina‐Camacho Laura , Moreno Carmen , Fraguas David , Arango Celso , Parellada Mara , Janssen Joost 
Published: December 2018

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASD) and early‐onset psychosis (EOP) are neurodevelopmental disorders that share genetic, clinical and cognitive facets; it is unclear if these disorders also share spatially overlapping cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) abnormalities. MRI scans of 30 ASD, 29 patients with early‐onset first‐episode psychosis (EO‐FEP) and 26 typically developing controls (TD) (age range 10–18 years) were analyzed by the FreeSurfer suite to calculate vertex‐wise estimates of CT, SA, and cortical volume. Two publicly available datasets of ASD and EOP (age range 7–18 years and 5–17 years, respectively) were used for replication analysis. ASD and EO‐FEP had spatially overlapping areas of cortical thinning and reduced SA in the bilateral insula (allp’s < .00002); 37% of all left insular vertices presenting with significant cortical thinning and 20% (left insula) and 61% (right insula) of insular vertices displaying decreased SA overlapped across both disorders. In both disorders, SA deficits contributed more to cortical volume decreases than reductions in CT did. This finding, as well as the novel finding of an absence of spatial overlap (for ASD) or marginal overlap (for EOP) of deficits in CT and SA, was replicated in the two nonoverlapping independent samples. The insula appears to be a region with transdiagnostic vulnerability for deficits in CT and SA. The finding of nonexistent or small spatial overlap between CT and SA deficits in young people with ASD and psychosis may point to the involvement of common aberrant early neurodevelopmental mechanisms in their pathophysiology.
Characterizing the role of the pre‐SMA in the control of speed/accuracy trade‐off with directed functional connectivity mapping and multiple solution reduction
Authors: Weigard Alexander , Beltz Adriene , Reddy Sukruth Nagarimadugu , Wilson Stephen J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSeveral plausible theories of the neural implementation of speed/accuracy trade‐off (SAT), the phenomenon in which individuals may alternately emphasize speed or accuracy during the performance of cognitive tasks, have been proposed, and multiple lines of evidence point to the involvement of the pre‐supplemental motor area (pre‐SMA). However, as the nature and directionality of the pre‐SMA's functional connections to other regions involved in cognitive control and task processing are not known, its precise role in the top‐down control of SAT remains unclear. Although recent advances in cross‐sectional path modeling provide a promising way of characterizing these connections, such models are limited by their tendency to produce multiple equivalent solutions. In a sample of healthy adults (N = 18), the current study uses the novel approach of Group Iterative Multiple Model Estimation for Multiple Solutions (GIMME‐MS) to assess directed functional connections between the pre‐SMA, other regions previously linked to control of SAT, and regions putatively involved in evidence accumulation for the decision task. Results reveal a primary role of the pre‐SMA for modulating activity in regions involved in the decision process but suggest that this region receives top‐down input from the DLPFC. Findings also demonstrate the utility of GIMME‐MS and solution‐reduction methods for obtaining valid directional inferences from connectivity path models.
Economic conditions and sleep
Authors: Niekamp Paul 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis paper uses the American Time Use Survey from 2003 to 2015 to analyze the effect of economic conditions on sleep duration. Prior work has found that increases in the employment rate cause sleep duration of individuals to fall. No previous research considers that weekday sleep behavior and weekend sleep behavior may be differentially related to economic conditions. Estimates suggest that weekday sleep duration is indeed countercylical whereas weekend sleep duration is procyclical. Results are driven by individuals most susceptible to economic fluctuations: minorities, single adults, and individuals with less education. Differential results concerning economic conditions and sleep by day type may be one mechanism for which to expect economic conditions to impact other sleep‐related outcomes diversely depending on day of the week.
Dynamic specification tests for dynamic factor models
Authors: Fiorentini Gabriele , Sentana Enrique 
Published: December 2018

SummaryWe derive computationally simple expressions for score tests of misspecification in parametric dynamic factor models using frequency domain techniques. We interpret those diagnostics as time domain moment tests which assess whether certain autocovariances of the smoothed latent variables match their theoretical values under the null of correct model specification. We also reinterpret reduced‐form residual tests as checking specific restrictions on structural parameters. Our Gaussian tests are robust to nonnormal, independent innovations. Monte Carlo exercises confirm the finite‐sample reliability and power of our proposals. Finally, we illustrate their empirical usefulness in an application that constructs a US coincident indicator.
NEFLb impairs early nervous system development via regulation of neuron apoptosis in zebrafish
Authors: Wang Su , Ji Dongrui , Yang Qingyun , Li Mingyue , Ma Zengyu , Zhang Shicui , Li Hongyan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNeurofilament light chain (NEFL), a subunit of neurofilament, has been shown to play an important role in pathogenic neurodegenerative disease and in radial axonal growth. However, information remains largely lacking regarding the function of NEFL in early development to date. In this study, we demonstrated the presence of two nefl genes,
nefla and
neflb, in zebrafish, generated by fish‐specific third round genome duplication. These duplicated
nefl genes were predominantly expressed in the nervous system with an overlapping and distinct expression pattern. Both gene knockdown and rescue experiments show that it was
neflb rather than
nefla that played an indispensable role in nervous system development. It was also found that
neflb knockdown resulted in striking apoptosis of the neurons in the brain and spinal cord, leading to morphological defects such as brain structure disorder and trunk bending. Thus, we report a previously uncharacterized role of NEFL that NEFLb impairs the early development of zebrafish nervous system via regulation of the neuron apoptosis in the brain and spinal cord.
The prognostic potential of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR expression in human digestive system carcinomas: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Abdeahad Hossein , Avan Amir , Pashirzad Mehran , Khazaei Majid , Soleimanpour Saman , Ferns Gordon A. , Fiuji Hamid , Ryzhikov Mikhail , Bahrami Afsane , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHomeobox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR), one of the well‐known long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), plays an important role in initiation and development of various tumors. Elevated level of HOTAIR is associated with metastatic behavior of primary tumor and poor outcome in several cancers. Therefore, we conducted a meta‐analysis to clearly measure the prognostic impact of HOTAIR in patients with digestive system carcinomas. Fourteen studies including 2,666 patients with five different type of digestive system cancers were selected to be entered in meta‐analysis. Finding demonstrated that HOTAIR overexpression could predict unfavorable outcome in digestive system carcinomas (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0–2.9; p < 0.001; fixed‐effect model). In stratified analysis, increased level of HOTAIR predicted poor overall survival in gastric cancer (HR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.6–2.9; p < 0.001), colorectal cancer (HR = 4.1, 95% CI: 1.6–10.2; p = 0.002), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.7–3.0; p < 0.001), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HR = 3.4, 95% CI: 1.9–6.1; p < 0.001). Our meta‐analysis results clearly support the prognostic value of HOTAIR to predict unfavorable prognostic outcomes in diverse digestive system carcinomas.
Biocatalytic electrode improvement strategies in microbial fuel cell systems
Authors: Breheny Mark , Bowman Kyle , Farahmand Nasim , Gomaa Ola , Keshavarz Taj , Kyazze Godfrey 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) produce electricity as a result of the microbial metabolism of organic substrates, hence they represent a sustainable approach for energy production and waste treatment. If the technology is to be implemented in industry, low cost and sustainable bioelectrodes must be developed to increase power output, increase waste treatment capacity, and improve service intervals. Although the current application of abiotic electrode catalysts, such as platinum and electrode binders such as Nafion leads to greater MFC performance, their use is cost prohibitive. Novel bioelectrodes which use cost effective and sustainable materials are being developed. These electrodes are developed with the intention to reduce start‐up time, reduce costs, extend life‐span and improve core MFC performance metrics (i.e. power density, current density, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and Coulombic efficiency (CE)). Comparison of different MFC systems is not an easy task. This is due to variations in MFC design, construction, operation, and different inocula (in the case of mixed‐culture MFCs). This high intra‐system variability should be considered when assessing MFC data, operation and performance. This review article examines the major issues surrounding bioanode and biocathode improvement in different MFC systems, with the ultimate goal of streamlining and standardising improvement processes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Social franchising of community‐based HIV testing and linkage to HIV care and treatment services: an evaluation of a pilot study in Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Shamu Simukai , Farirai Thato , Kuwanda Locadiah , Slabbert Jean , Guloba Geoffrey , Johnson Suzanne , Khupakonke Sikhulile , Masihleho Nomea , Kamera Julius , Nkhwashu Nkhensani 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionAlthough HIV testing services (HTS) have been successfully task‐shifted to lay counsellors, no model has tested the franchising of HTS to lay counsellors as independent small‐scale business owners. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a social franchisee (SF) HTS‐managed pilot project compared to the Foundation for Professional Development (FPD) employee‐managed HTS programme in testing and linking clients to care.MethodsUnemployed, formally employed or own business individuals were engaged as franchisees, trained and supported to deliver HTS services under a common brand in high HIV‐prevalent communities in Tshwane district between 2016 and 2017. SFs were remunerated per‐HIV test and received larger payments per‐HIV‐positive client linked to care. In the standard HTS, FPD employed counsellors received similar training and observed similar standards as in the SF HTS, but were remunerated through the normal payroll. We assessed the proportion of clients tested, HIV positivity, linkage to care and per‐counsellor cost of HIV test and linkage to care in the two HTS groups.ResultsThe SF HTS had 19 HIV counsellors while FPD HTS employed 20. A combined total of 84,556 clients were tested by SFs (50.5%: 95% confidence interval (CI) 50.2 to 50.8)) and FPD (49.5%: 49.2 to 49.8). SFs tested more females than FPD (54.1%: 53.6 to 54.6 vs. 48%: 47.7 to 48.7). SFs identified more first‐time testers than FPD (21.5%: 21.1 to 21.9 vs. 8.9%: 8.6 to 9.1). Overall, 8%: 7.9 to 8.2 tested positive with more clients testing positive in the SF (10.2%: 9.9 to 10.5) than FPD (5.9%: 5.6 to 6.1) group. The SFs identified more female HIV‐positive clients (11.1%: 10.7 to 11.6) than FPD (6.5%: 6.2 to 6.9). The SFs linked fewer clients to HIV care and treatment (60.0%: 58.5 to 61.5) than FPD (80.3%: 78.7 to 81.9%). It cost four times less to conduct an HIV test using SFs ($3.90 per SF HIV test) than FPD ($13.98) and five times less to link a client to care with SFs ($62.74) than FPD ($303.13).ConclusionsSF HTS was effective in identifying more clients, first‐time HIV testers and more HIV‐positive people, but less effective in linking clients to care than FPD HTS. The SF HTS model was cheaper than the FPD‐employee model. We recommend strengthening SFs particularly their linkage to care activities.
One‐step analysis of brain perfusion and function for acute stroke patients after reperfusion: A resting‐state fMRI study
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhou Junshan , Zhang Hong , Chen Yuchen , Mao Cunnan , Chen Xiangliang , Ni Ling , Zhuo Zhizheng , Zhang Yingdong , Geng Wen , Yin Xindao , Lv Yating 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) can noninvasively estimate the perfusion and function of the brain.PurposeTo investigate the perfusion and functional status using rs‐fMRI in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients after reperfusion therapy.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsTwenty‐five AIS patients who underwent dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) upon hospital admission and both rs‐fMRI and DSC scans at 24 hours after reperfusion therapy.Field Strength/Sequence3T; DSC, rs‐fMRI.AssessmentThe time delay of the blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signal was calculated using time‐shift‐analysis (TSA) and compared with the time to peak (TTP) derived from the DSC. For patients who exhibited partial or complete reperfusion in the supratentorial hemisphere, we quantified the function of different regions (healthy tissue, reperfused tissue, not reperfused tissue) by using three rs‐fMRI measurements (functional connectivity, the amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation [ALFF] and regional homogeneity [ReHo]). Correlations between the functional measurements and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores were calculated.Statistical TestsDice coefficient (DC) analysis, two‐sample t‐tests, Pearson correlation coefficient.ResultsTwelve patients who exhibited complete reperfusion on their TTP maps showed no time‐delayed areas on the TSA maps. For the remaining 13 patients with partial reperfusion (5/13) or no reperfusion (8/13) on the TTP maps, the TSA detected comparable time‐delayed areas. Eleven out of 13 patients showed moderate to good overlap (mean DC, 0.58 ± 0.1) between the TTP and TSA results. Fourteen patients were chosen for functional analyses and most patients (12/14) showed abnormal functional connectivity in the reperfused regions. The reperfused and not reperfused tissues had lower mean ReHo values than those of the healthy tissue (both P < 0.001). The mRS scores showed negative correlation with mean ReHo values of reperfused region (R = –0.523, P = 0.027).Data Conclusionrs‐fMRI might be a useful way to estimate both the perfusion and functional status for AIS patients after reperfusion therapy.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:221–229.
Seed prioritized unwrapping (SPUN) for MR phase imaging
Authors: Ye Yongquan , Zhou Fei , Zong Jinguang , Lyu Jingyuan , Chen Yanling , Zhang Shuheng , Zhang Weiguo , He Qiang , Li Xueping , Li Ming , Zhang Qinglei , Qing Zhao , Zhang Bing 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundRegion‐growing‐based phase unwrapping methods have the potential for lossless phase aliasing removal, but generally suffer from unwrapping error propagation associated with discontinuous phase and/or long calculation times. The tradeoff point between robustness and efficiency of phase unwrapping methods in the region‐growing category requires improvement.PurposeTo demonstrate an accurate, robust, and efficient region‐growing phase unwrapping method for MR phase imaging applications.Study TypeProspective.Subjects, Phantomnormal human subjects (10) / brain surgery patients (2) / water phantoms / computer simulation.Field Strength/Sequence3 T/gradient echo sequences (2D and 3D).AssessmentA seed prioritized unwrapping (SPUN) method was developed based on single‐region growing, prioritizing only a portion (eg, 100 seeds or 1% seeds) of available seed voxels based on continuity quality during each region‐growing iteration. Computer simulation, phantom, and in vivo brain and pelvis scans were performed. The error rates, seed percentages, and calculation times were recorded and reported. SPUN unwrapped phase images were visually evaluated and compared with Laplacian unwrapped results.Statistical TestsMonte Carlo simulation was performed on a 3D dipole phase model with a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 1–9 dB, to obtain the mean and standard deviation of calculation error rates and calculation times.ResultsSimulation revealed a very robust unwrapping performance of SPUN, reaching an error rate of <0.4% even with SNR as low as 1 dB. For all in vivo data, SPUN was able to robustly unwrap the phase images of modest SNR and complex morphology with visually minimal errors and fast calculation speed (eg, <4 min for 368 × 312 × 128 data) when using a proper seed priority number, eg, Nsp = 1 or 10 voxels for 2D and Nsp = 1% for 3D data.Data ConclusionSPUN offers very robust and fast region‐growing‐based phase unwrapping, and does not require any tissue masking or segmentation, nor poses a limitation over imaging parameters.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:62–70.
Management of N0 neck in early oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Massey Conner , Dharmarajan Anbuselvan , Bannuru Raveendhara R. , Rebeiz Elie 
Published: December 2018

ObjectiveThe role of elective neck dissection (END) in patients with stage I (T1N0) and II (T2N0) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity remains a controversial topic. We investigate the need for END by establishing a true incidence of occult nodal disease as a function of T stageData SourcesMEDLINE, Google Scholar, Scopus.Review MethodsStudies were selected using a set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model was employed to generate an odds ratio (OR) comparing the incidence of occult metastasis between T1 and T2 tumors, as well as regional recurrence rates between patients receiving END versus observation.ResultsThirty‐nine publications comprising five randomized controlled trials and 34 retrospective studies were selected for inclusion, yielding over 4,300 patients for analysis. The overall incidence of occult nodal metastasis, weighted by study size, was found to be 23%. Patients with T2 tumors have a significantly higher odds of having occult nodal disease (OR: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0‐3.4) over patients with T1 tumors. We also demonstrate that for patients who are observed, the odds of recurrence are significantly higher (OR: 4.18, 95% CI: 2.78‐6.28) compared to those who undergo END, although statistically significant interstudy heterogeneity was observed.ConclusionsEND should be reserved for stage II tumors given the significantly higher rate of occult metastasis. Observation may be more appropriate for stage I cancers.Laryngoscope, 129:E284–E298, 2019