bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A biweekly DPP‐4 inhibitor cofrogliptin monotherapy in Chinese patients with impaired glucose tolerance: A phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial
Authors: He Qinghua , Cheng Zhifeng , Li Yufeng , Xing Xiaoyan , Li Liping , Li Xinsheng , Zhang Junqing , Xu Lingling , Song Weihong , Li Fangqiong , Zhang Zhanhui , Guo Lixin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess the efficacy and safety of cofrogliptin for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).MethodsIn this multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 2 trial, IGT patients were randomized 1:1:1 to receive cofrogliptin 10 mg, cofrogliptin 25 mg or placebo once biweekly. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in glucose total AUC0–3 h during meal tolerance test (MTT) at week 12.ResultsAmong 261 subjects screened, 99 were enrolled. At week 12, significant mean reductions from baseline in glucose total AUC0–3 h during MTT were observed in cofrogliptin groups (10 mg: −1.75 mmol h/L, p = 0.01; 25 mg: −1.54 mmol h/L, p = 0.02) versus placebo (0.36 mmol h/L). Significant benefits were also seen with cofrogliptin for secondary endpoints of the change from baseline in Cmax of glucose during MTT 0–3 h at week 12, and the change from baseline in glucose total AUC0–3 h and Cmax of glucose during OGTT 0–3 h at week 10 versus placebo. Additionally, more cofrogliptin‐treated patients achieved normoglycaemia versus placebo at week 10. The incidence of AEs was generally comparable in all groups, and all of AEs were mild or moderate. No serious AEs or severe hypoglycaemia were reported.ConclusionA 12‐week treatment with cofrogliptin provided significant glucose‐lowering, and was safe, well tolerated.
The clinical importance of measuring glycaemic variability: Utilising new metrics to optimise glycaemic control
Authors: Ajjan R. A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractWith the widespread use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), glycaemic variability (GV) is a glucose metric that has been gaining increasing attention. However, unlike other glucose metrics that are easily defined and have clear targets, GV has a large number of different measures given the complexity involved in assessment. While variabilities in HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glucose have been incorporated under the GV banner, short‐term variability in glucose, within day and between days, is more in keeping with the correct definition of GV. This review is focused on short‐term GV, as assessed by CGM data, although studies calculating GV from capillary glucose testing are also mentioned as appropriate. The different measures of GV are addressed, and their potential role in microvascular and macrovascular complications, as well as patient‐related outcomes, discussed. It should be noted that the independent role of GV in vascular pathology is not always clear, given the inconsistent findings in different populations and the close association between GV and hypoglycaemia, itself an established risk factor for adverse outcomes. Therefore, this review attempts, where possible, to disentangle the contribution of GV to diabetes complications from other glycaemic parameters, particularly hypoglycaemia. Evidence to date strongly suggests an independent role for GV in vascular pathology but future large‐scale outcome studies are required to fully understand the exact contribution of this metric to vascular complications. This can be followed by setting appropriate GV measures and targets in different diabetes subgroups, in order to optimise glycaemic management and limit the risk of complications.
Gender Stereotypes in French Pre‐Schools: Between Construction and Deconstruction
Authors: Stoppa Lola , Molina Guylaine , Hache Caroline 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTStereotypes are social representations that help us understand the world around us, and yet endanger our conception of the world. Indeed, using stereotypes can lead to generalisations; in other words, it can lead to neglecting the personal characteristics of individuals. This article studies gender stereotypes and their part in the French early school system; kindergarten. In France, school is mandatory from an early age and promotes equality. Yet, gender equality is hard to reach as long as gender stereotypes persist. The overall question this paper addresses is that of gender stereotypes in French schools’ hidden curriculum: does it help construct them, deconstruct them, or is it neutral? This study, in which school books and online video recordings were observed and analysed with the concepts of stereotypes, counter‐stereotypes and non‐stereotypes, shows how gender stereotypes still exist in French kindergarten schools, although counter‐stereotypes and non‐stereotypes are found as well.
Investigating the Role of AI Tools in Enhancing Translation Skills, Emotional Experiences, and Motivation in L2 Learning
Authors: Kruk Mariusz , Kałużna Agnieszka 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in L2 teaching and learning is poised to revolutionise educational practices by enhancing both instructional methods and language development for L2 learners. This study employed a mixed‐methods design to comprehensively examine the impact of AI tools, machine translation systems, and traditional approaches on students' translation accuracy, emotions, and motivation. A total of forty‐nine undergraduate English majors were divided into three groups: the AI Group (AIG; N = 16) using AI tools, the machine translation group (MTG; N = 20) using machine translation tools, and the traditional group (TG; N = 13) using manual methods. Participants completed four translation tasks with varying levels of linguistic complexity, and their performance was evaluated using quantitative metrics such as meaning retention, grammatical correctness, fluency, and naturalness. Additionally, semi‐structured interviews were conducted to gather qualitative insights into participants' emotional and motivational experiences. Quantitative data analysis included the Kruskal‐Wallis test to assess differences amongst the groups, revealing that AIG students achieved the highest translation accuracy. Qualitative thematic analysis of the interview data indicated that emotions such as curiosity, anxiety, and excitement were prevalent across all groups. While AI tools fostered motivation in the AIG and MTG, some participants expressed concerns about over‐reliance on technology leading to reduced engagement. These findings highlight AI's dual role in enhancing translation accuracy and shaping the emotional and motivational dynamics of L2 learners, suggesting that its integration should be balanced with traditional methods to optimise learning outcomes.
Returning Fire to Degraded Temperate Grassy Woodland Fragments Requires Fine‐Scale Management Interventions to Promote Trees: Insights From the Beaufront Experiment
Authors: French Ben J. , Prior Lynda D. , Johnson Christopher N. , Sculthorpe Andry , von Bibra Julian , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTTemperate grassy woodlands were once widespread in southeast Australia and were shaped by fire regimes imposed by Indigenous peoples. Today, they persist as scattered fragments in matrices of highly modified farmland, where fire is rare and eucalypt trees are in decline. Returning fire to these fragments is a suggested approach to reduce fuels and stimulate eucalypt recruitment. We implemented a single round of small, low‐intensity surface fires in a woodland fragment in the Tasmanian Midlands and assessed adult eucalypt mortality and juvenile recruitment. The fires were set during mild fire weather, were tended by 4–15 people, and fire‐fighting vehicles were used to extinguish burning trees. Still, the fires killed 7% of adult eucalypts (18 trees), mostly due to cambial girdling which occurred where burning litter and coarse woody debris at the base of the trees initiated smouldering fires in thick bark on the lower trunks. Seedling recruitment was restricted to ash beds near trees with viable seed crops. Seedlings survived only if protected from mammalian herbivores. Herbivore protection also increased the growth of lignotuberous sprouts after fire. Our findings demonstrate that eucalypt trees in degraded woodland fragments may be vulnerable to low‐intensity surface fire. We make recommendations as to how managers may burn woodland fragments in ways that avoid killing eucalypt trees and enhance postfire recruitment, enabling transition to more sustainable fire regimes.
A common marker of affect recognition dysfunction in the FTD spectrum of disorders
Authors: Canu Elisa , Castelnovo Veronica , Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , De Luca Giulia , Sibilla Elisa , Freri Fabiola , Tripodi Chiara , Spinelli Edoardo Gioele , Cecchetti Giordano , Magnani Giuseppe , Caso Francesca , Caroppo Paola , Prioni Sara , Villa Cristina , Tremolizzo Lucio , Appollonio Ildebrando , Verde Federico , Ticozzi Nicola , Silani Vincenzo , Sturm Virginia E. , Rankin Katherine P. , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa , Poletti Barbara , Filippi Massimo , Agosta Federica 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoor affect recognition is an early sign of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Here, we applied the abbreviated version of the Comprehensive Affect Testing System (CATS‐A) battery to Italian FTD cases and healthy controls (HC) to provide cut‐offs of emotional dysfunction in the whole group and in different FTD clinical syndromes.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐nine FTD patients (60 behavioural variant [bvFTD],13 semantic behavioural variant of FTD [sbvFTD], 28 progressive supranuclear palsy [PSP], 21 semantic [svPPA] and 17 nonfluent [nfvPPA] variants of primary progressive aphasia) and 116 HC were administered the CATS‐A, yielding an Affective Recognition Quotient (ARQ), which was used as outcome measure. Age‐ and education‐adjusted, regression‐based norms were derived in HC. In patients, the ARQ was assessed for its internal reliability, factorial validity and construct validity by testing its association with another social cognition paradigm, the Story‐Based Empath Task (SET). The diagnostic accuracy of the ARQ in discriminating patients from HC, genetic cases from HC and patient groups among each other was tested via ROC analyses.ResultsIn the whole FTD cohort, CATS‐A proved to be underpinned by a mono‐component factor (51.1%) and was internally consistent (McDonald's ω = 0.76). Moreover, the ARQ converged with the SET (r(122) = 0.50; p < 0.001) and optimally discriminated HC from both the whole cohort (AUC = 0.89) and each clinical syndrome (AUC range: 0.83–0.92). Conversely, CATS‐A subtests were able to distinguish patient groups.ConclusionsThe ARQ score from the CATS‐A distinguishes FTD clinical syndromes from HC with high accuracy, making it an excellent tool for immediate use in clinical practice.
The Imaging Database for Epilepsy And Surgery (IDEAS)
Authors: Taylor Peter N. , Wang Yujiang , Simpson Callum , Janiukstyte Vytene , Horsley Jonathan , Leiberg Karoline , Little Beth , Clifford Harry , Adler Sophie , Vos Sjoerd B. , Winston Gavin P. , McEvoy Andrew W. , Miserocchi Anna , de Tisi Jane , Duncan John S. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a crucial tool for identifying brain abnormalities in a wide range of neurological disorders. In focal epilepsy, MRI is used to identify structural cerebral abnormalities. For covert lesions, machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms may improve lesion detection if abnormalities are not evident on visual inspection. The success of this approach depends on the volume and quality of training data.MethodsHerein, we release an open‐source data set of pre‐processed MRI scans from 442 individuals with drug‐refractory focal epilepsy who had neurosurgical resections and detailed demographic information. We also share scans from 100 healthy controls acquired on the same scanners. The MRI scan data include the preoperative three‐dimensional (3D) T1 and, where available, 3D fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), as well as a manually inspected complete surface reconstruction and volumetric parcellations. Demographic information includes age, sex, age a onset of epilepsy, location of surgery, histopathology of resected specimen, occurrence and frequency of focal seizures with and without impairment of awareness, focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures, number of anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) at time of surgery, and a total of 1764 patient years of post‐surgical followup. Crucially, we also include resection masks delineated from post‐surgical imaging.ResultsTo demonstrate the veracity of our data, we successfully replicated previous studies showing long‐term outcomes of seizure freedom in the range of ~50%. Our imaging data replicate findings of group‐level atrophy in patients compared to controls. Resection locations in the cohort were predominantly in the temporal and frontal lobes.SignificanceWe envisage that our data set, shared openly with the community, will catalyze the development and application of computational methods in clinical neurology.
Piriform cortex is an ictogenic trigger zone in the primate brain
Authors: Gale Karen , Dybdal David , Wicker Evan , Campos‐Rodriguez Carolina , Maior Rafael S. , Elorette Catherine , Malkova Ludise , Forcelli Patrick A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveArea tempestas, a functionally defined region in the anterior piriform cortex, was identified as a crucial ictogenic trigger zone in the rat brain in the 1980s. However, whether the primate piriform cortex can trigger seizures remains unknown. Here, in a nonhuman primate model, we aimed to localize a similar trigger zone in the piriform cortex and, subsequently, evaluated the ability of focal inhibition of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) to suppress the evoked seizures.MethodsFocal microinjection of the γ‐aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) antagonist bicuculline methiodide into the piriform cortex was performed, in macaque monkeys, on a within‐subject basis to map the ictogenic regions within this area. Glutamate antagonists were used to characterize the local circuit pharmacology. Focal inhibition of the substantia nigra by infusion of the GABAA agonist muscimol suppressed seizures evoked from piriform cortex.ResultsWe documented a well‐defined region highly susceptible to bicuculline‐induced seizures in the piriform cortex, just posterior to the junction of the frontal and temporal lobes, indicating that a functional homolog to the rodent area tempestas is present in the primate brain. Focal infusion of glutamate receptor antagonists into the area tempestas revealed that α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptor‐mediated, but not N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate‐mediated, neurotransmission was necessary for the expression of seizures. Pharmacological inhibition of the SNpr robustly suppressed area tempestas‐evoked seizures.SignificanceTogether, these data point to the area tempestas as a potent ictogenic zone in the primate brain and underscore the antiseizure effects of inhibition of the SNpr. Building on decades of studies in rodents, our present findings emphasize the relevance of these targets to the primate brain and provide further rationale for exploring these targets for clinical use.
Insulin resistance versus dysregulation—a distinction without a difference
Authors: Kellon E. M. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryFor the last 10 years, the term ‘insulin dysregulation’ has replaced ‘insulin resistance’ when referring to horses with hyperinsulinaemia. The rationale was that this was an all‐inclusive term that covered all possible causes of hyperinsulinaemia. The implication is that hyperinsulinaemia has been shown to occur outside of insulin resistance; with insulin resistance being defined as failure of the insulin‐sensitive cells to respond normally to insulin, as best documented by the euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp. This article will show the evidence for that is weak to nonexistent in the horse and the term ‘insulin dysregulation’ is a misnomer that should be abandoned.
Zone Oriented Binary Multi‐Objective Charged System Search Based Feature Selection Approach for Multi‐Label Classification
Authors: Dhal Pradip , Azad Chandrashekhar 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMulti‐label learning is used in situations when each instance has many labels. Due to the high‐dimensional feature space and noise in multi‐label datasets, multi‐label learning algorithms face substantial problems. Researchers have researched multi‐label FS techniques to minimise data dimensionality in multi‐label classification (MLC) problems. Global optimization approaches, such as evolutionary algorithm (EA) optimizers, scale well to high‐dimensional problems. This paper proposes a hybrid multi‐objective FS approach based on the charged system search (CSS) and grey wolf optimization (GWO) methods for the MLC problem. The first objective is to minimise the hamming loss (HLoss) value, and the second objective is to minimise the features from the feature set. A novel concept feature zone based on informative and non‐informative features has been added here. Here, we have added the Preference Ranking Organisation METHod for Enrichment of Evaluations (PROMETHEE) approach to the objective function in the FS approach. Here, we have added the new velocity equation for the updated charge particles in the CSS algorithm. The GWO property has been added to the new velocity equation to improve the exploration and exploiting property in the CSS algorithm. For experimental verification, we have utilised six publically accessible multi‐label datasets: CAL500, Emotions, Medical, Enron, Scene, and the Yeast. The findings show that the proposed approach gets the best value regarding various performance metrics. The proposed method achieves optimal Jaccard Score (JC) and HLoss values of 0.4408 and 0.0645 for CAL500, 0.8169 and 0.0719 for Emotions, 0.9486 and 0.0019 for Medical, 0.5950 and 0.0205 for Enron, 0.7391 and 0.0495 for Scene, and 0.6452 and 0.0766 for Yeast datasets. In particular, according to empirical data on a popular six‐label benchmark multi‐label datasets, the proposed method obtains competitive performance when labels are constrained.
Effect of Oral Screen Training After Stroke—A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Dalum Jesper , Skott Pia , Åkesson Elisabet , Persson Emmelie , Karlsson Åsa , Häbel Henrike , Seiger Åke , McAllister Anita , Johansson Kerstin , Sandborgh‐Englund Gunilla 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the effects of oral screen training in patients with dysphagia post‐stroke.BackgroundOral screen training has been identified as an effective method for improving orofacial and oropharyngeal motor functions. However, the evidence supporting a positive transfer effect on swallowing capacity post‐primary stroke rehabilitation is still unclear. The aim of this randomised controlled trial was to investigate the effect of a 12‐week oral screen training programme using a prefabricated oral screen, with swallowing capacity as the primary outcome.Materials and MethodsIn a randomised trial, stroke survivors with residual dysphagia post‐rehabilitation were randomised into intervention group (n = 12) and control group (n = 12). The intervention group underwent 12 weeks of oral screen training. The main outcome was swallowing capacity, with lip force as a training indicator. Secondary outcomes were assessed by the Eating Assessment Tool, Masticatory performance, Nordic Orofacial Test—Screening, Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System.ResultsAt the 3‐month follow‐up, the group that trained with an oral screen showed a significantly greater increase in lip force than the control group (mean lip force increase 10.2 N vs. 3.1 N; p = 0.02). There was no significant improvement in swallowing capacity (mean increase 0.7 mL/min vs. 0.8 mL/min; p = 0.43), or in any of the secondary variables in the intervention group relative to the control group.ConclusionThe findings from this study showed that oral screen training initiated after completion of regular rehabilitation post‐stroke can increase lip force. However, there was no indication of any transfer effect on swallowing capacity.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrial.gov identifier: NCT03167892
Giving Choice a Voice: Commentary on Development of the World Federation of Hemophilia Shared Decision‐Making Tool
Authors: Valentino Leonard A. , Khair Kate 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe shared decision‐making (SDM) tool developed by the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) provides a clear and concise overview of the process by which people with haemophilia (PwH) can collaborate with their healthcare professionals (HCPs) to engage and arrive at a therapeutic decision. This tool will be useful for all people with all bleeding disorders, not just PwH.
Obtaining Premium When Luxury Is Far Away: Masstige's Antecedents, Moderators and Consequences
Authors: Anning‐Dorson Thomas , Tackie Nii Nookwei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThis study examines the interplay between masstige brands and key consumer factors, including the need for uniqueness, pride, bandwagon effect, conspicuous consumption, and consumer brand engagement. Employing a two‐stage sampling method and PLS–SEM analysis, the research focuses on middle‐income individuals as prospective masstige consumers. Findings reveal that pride and the need for uniqueness significantly drive masstige consumption, while masstige consumption strongly influences conspicuous consumption and consumer brand engagement. The study contributes to the masstige literature by validating the MMI scale and demonstrating the pivotal roles of pride and uniqueness in navigating the masstige market. These insights underscore the strategic importance of masstige brands in fostering consumer‐brand relationships and provide direction for targeted engagement strategies.
Overcoming or Removing Gendered Barriers? Support for Individualistic Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Interventions Among Those in Power
Authors: Wong C. Y. Edwina , Kirby Teri A. , Ryan Michelle K. , Rink Floor 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTOrganizations are increasingly committed to diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) efforts. However, those who have the power to implement DEI interventions and those who ought to benefit from such interventions might have conflicting perspectives about their aims. In three studies, we investigate how those with high (vs. low) power endorse structural versus individualistic interventions for women. In Study 1 (n = 403), we focus on women's evaluation of the intervention. We find that they anticipate that structural interventions will be more successful at alleviating gender barriers at work than individualistic interventions. In Studies 2 (n = 500) and 3 (n = 319), we focus on men and women across different levels of power and find that individuals, regardless of their gender and their hierarchical position, prefer interventions that challenge organizational systems that maintain inequalities than those that support women in coping with DEI issues. However, individuals with stronger system‐legitimacy beliefs showed just as much support for individualistic DEI interventions as for structural ones. The results suggest overall support for structural DEI interventions, but that ongoing meritocratic beliefs can detract from their actual implementation. We discuss how intervention research may benefit from focusing on interventions that target system‐legitimacy beliefs to leverage more support and implementation of structural interventions.