bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimally disseminated disease and outcome in overt orbital retinoblastoma
Authors: Aschero Rosario , Torbidoni Ana , Sampor Claudia , Laurent Viviana , Zugbi Santiago , Winter Ursula , Lubieniecki Fabiana , Alonso Daniel , Schaiquevich Paula , Chantada Guillermo L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this retrospective study of patients with overt orbital retinoblastoma, we evaluated minimally disseminated disease (MDD) in bone marrow and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using CRX and/or GD2 synthase as markers. Ten patients were evaluated—five (50%) at diagnosis and five upon relapse. MDD was detected in four cases (one in the bone marrow, two in the CSF, and in one case in both sites). All patients received chemotherapy and four received orbital radiotherapy. Seven patients relapsed or progressed and all of them died. Three patients remain in complete remission. There was no apparent correlation between MDD and the outcome.
A preliminary service evaluation of a personality disorder case management service
Authors: Graham Simon , Sullivan Kathia , Briggs Laura , Goodall Mark , Iraci Capucinello Rosella 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of establishing a specialized community personality disorder team on out of area placements, local hospital admissions and out of hours crisis contacts for service users with borderline personality disorder.MethodThis is a before–after interim evaluation of a new service. We tested, through a paired t‐test, whether the intervention generated statistically significant differences over a range of measures of service usage, including out of area placements, local hospital admissions and out of hours crisis contacts. Data from 12 months after the intervention started were compared with the previous 12 months of routine care, to determine the effect on crisis contacts, days in hospital and those returning from/or sent out of area for care. Finally, we have assessed the likelihood to generate cost savings.ResultsAll service users in out of area placements were repatriated to live in the community locally (100%), and there was a statistically significant decrease in inpatient admissions (80%). This was counterbalanced by a smaller but statistically significant increase in out of hours community crisis contacts (30%), although these reduced over time.ConclusionReorganizing local care pathways can lead to less out of area placements and less hospital admissions. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A molecular electron density theory study of the Lewis acid–catalyzed decomposition reaction of nitroethyl benzoate using aluminum derivatives
Authors: Kącka‐Zych Agnieszka , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Domingo Luis R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe molecular mechanism of the decomposition reaction of nitroethyl benzoate (NEB‐1) catalyzed by Lewis acids (LAs) based on aluminum metal, AlMe3, and AlCl3, in N,N‐dimethylacetamide, has been analyzed within the molecular electron density theory (MEDT) using calculations at the B3LYP(PCM)/6‐31+G(d) computational level. These LA‐catalyzed decomposition reactions take place via a two‐step mechanism involving a zwitterionic intermediate. The use of a more acidic AlCl3 LA favors the decomposition reaction, both kinetically and thermodynamically. The bonding evolution theory (BET) analyses indicate that these LA‐catalyzed decomposition reactions begin with the proton transfer process, followed by the extrusion of benzoic acid at the second step of the reaction.
Inhibitory regulation mechanism of naphthoquinone and its derivatives in radical polymerization
Authors: Ichihara Kenta , Kawamura Izuru , Sakakibara Kazuhisa , Ikejiri Yujirou , Himori Shunichi 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe inhibitory regulation mechanism towards the methyl 2‐methylpropionate radical (a model of the poly(methyl methacrylate) [MMA] propagation radical) by naphthoquinone derivatives in radical polymerization in an aerobic or anaerobic atmosphere has been studied experimentally by liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of the isolated reaction products, which were purified by preparative thin‐layer chromatography. In addition, we have carried out a theoretical analysis (DFT B3LYP/6‐311+G**) of the frontier orbital interactions and reaction Gibbs free energies (ΔG) for the formation of the relevant reaction products and intermediates and activation free energies (ΔG#) and frontier electron densities (fA(R)) of the radical reactions. Consequently, the reaction mechanism where quinone products are formed by the attack of propagation radicals at the C2 carbon next to the carbonyl group in naphthoquinone was rationalized.
Grafting of amphiphilic block copolymers on lignocellulosic materials via SI‐AGET‐ATRP
Authors: Vidiella del Blanco Marta , Gomez Vera , Fleckenstein Peter , Keplinger Tobias , Cabane Etienne 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTFunctionalizing biosourced materials is a major topic in the field of materials science. In particular, grafting polymerization techniques have been employed to change the surface properties of various substrates. Here, we report on the grafting of amphiphilic block copolymers in lignocellulosic materials using surface‐initiated activators generated by electron transfer atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI‐AGET‐ATRP). With this modification, it is possible to combine the interesting properties (anisotropy and high mechanical stability) of lightweight lignocellulosic materials, such as wood, with the special properties of the grafted block copolymers. Hydroxyl groups on wood cell wall biopolymers were used for the chemical bonding of an alkyl bromide as the initiator for AGET‐SI‐ATRP of a highly hydrophilic monomer ([2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride) and a highly hydrophobic fluorinated monomer (2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5‐octafluoropentyl methacrylate). The successful grafting of homopolymers and block copolymers onto the wood structure was confirmed through Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy. The functionalization with the two homopolymers yielded lignocellulosic materials with opposite wettabilities, whereas by the adjustment of the ratio between the two copolymer blocks, it was possible to tune the wettability between these two extremes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 885–897
Functionalization of poly(lactide) with N‐phenyl maleimide using N‐acetoxy‐phthalimide during reactive extrusion
Authors: Rolere Sébastien , Monge Sophie , Rakotonirina Mamy Daniel , Guillaneuf Yohann , Gigmes Didier , Robin Jean‐Jacques 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTRadical grafting of poly(lactide) (PLA) during postpolymerization reactive extrusion is usually done with peroxide initiation, leading to undesirable side reactions (branching or crosslinking) and to difficulties to control the process parameters as well as the final macromolecular structure. The use of N‐acetoxy‐phthalimide (NAPI) was investigated as an alternative to peroxides for the functionalization in the melt of PLA with N‐phenylmaleimide (PhM) monomer. The use of NAPI was found to lead to similar grafting rates in comparison to peroxides, with a better control of the PLA macromolecular structure, due to the formation of nitroxide radicals that combine with the produced macroradicals. Also, the grafting site on PLA backbone was identified after hydrolysis of grafted PLA. Above an optimal PhM concentration, homopolymerization of the monomer was also highlighted. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 917–928
Effect of solvent–matrix interactions on structures and mechanical properties of micelle‐crosslinked gels
Authors: Xu Dan , Xu Ting , Gao Guorong , Xiao Ying , Wang Zongbao , Chen Jing , Zhou Yang , Wang Rong , Yin Jingbo , Fu Jun 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPrevious studies on hydrogels crosslinked by acrylated PEO99–PPO65–PEO99triblock copolymer (F127DA) micelles demonstrate outstanding strength and toughness, which is attributed to the efficient energy dissipation through the hydrophobic association in the micelles. The current study further focuses on how the solvent property affects the structures and the mechanical properties of F127DA micelle crosslinked polyacrylamide gels. Binary solvents comprised of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water are used to adjust the polymer/solvent interactions, which consequently tune the conformations of the polymer chains in the network. The presence of DMSO significantly decreases the strength but increased the stretchability of the gels, whereas the overall tensile toughness remained unchanged.In situsmall‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements reveal the deformation of micelles along with the stretching direction. A structure evolution mechanism upon solvent change is proposed, according to the experimental observations, to explain influence of solvent quality on the mechanical properties of the micelle‐crosslinked gels. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2019,57, 473–483
A preventive intervention to modify depression risk targets after breast cancer diagnosis: Design and single‐arm pilot study
Authors: Weihs Karen L. , McConnell Mairead H. , Wiley Joshua F. , Crespi Catherine M. , Sauer‐Zavala Shannon , Stanton Annette L. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveApply the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Stage Model to design and test an intervention to prevent depression in breast cancer patients at risk for depression.MethodsWe identified mindful emotion awareness, along with approach and avoidance strategies for cancer‐related coping and emotion regulation, as targets for a preventive intervention adapted from the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders. Patients' preferences for individual, in‐person, and time‐efficient sessions informed the design. Patients at risk for depression received a 6‐week, 5‐hour intervention with daily exercises. Intervention targets were assessed at baseline, before each session, and 4‐weeks post intervention. Mixed effects analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed change over the follow‐up period, controlling for age, partnered status, and disease stage.ResultsFifty‐five percent (40/72) of women screened within 6 months of diagnosis had elevated depression risk. Of these, 24 (60%) signed consent. Sixteen received intervention after five were excluded for current depressive disorder, cognitive impairment, or death. Three dropped out. Ninety‐eight percent attendance and 77% practice days indicated feasibility. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) corrected for regression to the mean (RTM) were 0.82 for cancer‐related acceptance coping, 0.65 for cancer‐related emotional expression, and 0.32 and 0.42 for decreased cancer‐related avoidance coping and depressive symptoms, respectively. Effect sizes for variables lacking data to correct for RTM were 1.0, 0.7, and 0.5 for decreased rumination, experiential avoidance, and fear of depression, respectively, and 1.3, 0.6, and 0.4 for increased cognitive flexibility, distress tolerance, and describing/not judging emotions, respectively.ConclusionsThe feasibility of this intervention and malleability of its targets support its further investigation.
Health‐related quality of life among US adults with cancer: Potential roles of complementary and alternative medicine for health promotion and well‐being
Authors: Rhee Taeho Greg , Pawloski Pamala A. , Parsons Helen M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe estimated prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by reason for use (treatment, wellness, or both) among non‐institutionalized adults with cancer in the United States. We also examined health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes among adults with cancer who used CAM.MethodsWe used data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which represents non‐institutionalized adults with cancer (n = 2967 unweighted). Using a cross‐sectional design with survey sampling techniques, we estimated past year prevalence of CAM use. We ran multivariable logistic regression analyses to investigate the odds of perceived benefits of CAM.ResultsIn the past 12 months, 35.1% of adults with cancer reported using some form of CAM. Among CAM users, 56.0% used CAM for both treatment and wellness, and 32.4% used CAM for wellness only. Only 11.6% used CAM for treatment only. Regardless of reason for use, the most commonly used CAM types in the past year were herbal therapies (56.8%), chiropractic (27.1%), and massage (24.9%). Among CAM users, those using CAM for wellness only and for a combination of treatment and wellness reported significantly higher odds of “a better sense of controlling health” and “improved overall health and feeling better” compared with treatment only users. Similar patterns were found in other HRQOL outcomes, but they were not statistically different.ConclusionsCAM is widely used among adults with cancer for wellness only or a combination of treatment and wellness. Given improved HRQOL outcomes, CAM may be a promising approach for enhancing health promotion and well‐being among adults with cancer.
Correlation between methylation of the caveolin‐1 gene and of caveolin‐1 messenger ribonucleic acid, and protein levels and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein expression in adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction
Authors: Liu Ruizhen , Kong Yi , Sun Pengbo , Li Faliang , Shi Xiaopeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the methylation level of caveolin‐1 gene (CAV1) in human adenocarcinomas of the esophagogastric junction (AEG) and distal normal tissues (>10 cm from cancerous foci), and to study the protein expression level of CAV1 and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her‐2) in AEG and their relationship with CAV1 methylation.MethodsMethylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the methylation level of CAV1 in 67 cases with AEG and distal normal tissues. The mRNA level of CAV1 in AEG and distal normal tissues was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression levels of CAV1 and Her‐2. The correlation between CAV1 methylation, CAV1 mRNA level, CAV1 protein, and Her‐2 protein was further analyzed.ResultsIn AEG, the methylation rate of CAV1 was 28.4% (19/67), and almost no methylation of this gene was found in the distal normal tissues (P < 0.01). The methylation level of CAV1 in carcinoma tissues was related to tumor size, differentiation, and lymph node metastasis in patients (P < 0.05), but was not related to sex, age, the presence of vascular carcinoma thrombus, and clinical stages. The expression rate of CAV1 mRNA and protein in carcinoma tissues was 46.3% and 41.8%, respectively, which was dramatically lower than that in distal normal tissues (P < 0.01). The protein expression level of CAV1 and Her‐2 in carcinoma tissues was correlated with the CAV1 methylation level (P < 0.05).ConclusionsMethylation of CAV1 might be involved in tumor development, and associated with the mRNA and protein expression of CAV1 and Her‐2 protein expression in AEG, which could play an important role in the formation and progression of AEG.
Differentiation of isomeric heptylamines by in‐source collision‐induced dissociation of [M + H]+ ions
Authors: Zaremba Iga , Frański Rafał , Kasperkowiak Małgorzata 
Published: February 2019

Rationale1,3‐Dimethylamylamine (1,3‐DMAA), 1,4‐dimethylamylamine (1,4‐DMAA) and 2‐aminoheptane are isomeric heptylamines commonly used as stimulants. The fragmentations of their [M + H]+ ions (m/z 116) are almost identical and consist of the formation of a fragment ion C4H9+ at m/z 57. It is interesting to check if analysis of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of these three amines enables their differentiation. In order to better understand the fragmentation of isomeric heptylamines, 1‐, 3‐ and 4‐aminoheptane were also included in the study.MethodsESI in‐source collision‐induced dissociation (CID) mass spectra were obtained with a Waters/Micromass ZQ2000 mass spectrometer (single quadrupole‐type instrument) at a cone voltage of 12–34 V. The influence of three commonly used solvents on the fragmentation of [M + H]+ ions was tested, namely methanol, methanol/water (1/1) and acetonitrile/water (1/1).ResultsOnly one quantitative difference was observed in the mass spectra of 1,3‐DMAA, 1,4‐DMAA and 2‐aminoheptane, namely formation of a product ion at m/z 57 from the [M + H]+ ion of 1,3‐DMAA is more efficient than the formation of this ion from [M + H]+ ions of 2‐aminoheptane and 1,4‐DMAA. In‐source CID of 3‐ and 4‐aminoheptane consists of (besides the formation of ion C4H9+) the formation of a low‐abundance, but clearly seen, fragment ion at m/z 114 (loss of H2).ConclusionsDifferentiation of 1,3‐DMAA from 1,4‐DMAA and 2‐aminoheptane seems to be possible by in‐source CID of their [M + H]+ ions. However, comparison of the mass spectrum obtained for the analysed sample with that of a standard seems to be necessary. Only 3‐ and 4‐aminoheptane may be easily differentiated from the other heptylamines by the presence of fragment ions at m/z 114.
Perception, navigation, and manipulation in the team KAUST approach to the MBZIRC ground robotics challenge
Authors: Güler Samet , Algarni Mohammed A. , Shaqura Mohammad Z. , Jaleel Hassan , Mabrok Mohamed A. , Jiang Jiming , Lu Yimeng , Shamma Jeff S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ground robotics challenge in the Mohammed Bin Zayed International Robotics Challenge required a ground vehicle equipped with a robotic arm to autonomously locate a panel, select a proper size wrench among several options mounted on the panel, and use the wrench to rotate a valve. Autonomy was the critical factor in this challenge, which required the teams to devise algorithms that can operate successfully in a semistructured environment without human supervision. This paper presents the approaches taken by team KAUST to meet this challenge, ranging from in‐house hardware designs to algorithm integration and customization. We separated the whole objective into three interconnected tasks: Navigation, perception, and manipulation. For the navigation task, we developed a basic robotic exploration scheme to find the panel front side where the wrenches were present. For the perception task, we integrated common object detection algorithms with neural networks to identify the proper size wrench precisely. For successful manipulation, we designed and built a custom gripper, which was inspired by the common grasping behavior of a human hand under tight clearance conditions. The modular structure of the proposed approach allowed the team to progress in several subtasks simultaneously. However, the interconnection between the subtasks necessitated a reliable integration framework between these modules for effective implementation. We tuned our algorithms in extensive experimental studies and eventually obtained 10 consecutive successful navigation runs, 96% true wrench detection rate, and high success rate in wrench grasping. Furthermore, successful complete tests proved the reliability and repeatability of our system.
Assessing regional‐scale variability in deforestation and forest degradation rates in a tropical biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Yesuf Gabriel , Brown Kerry A. , Walford Nigel 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDeforestation and forest degradation are major drivers of global environmental change and tropical forests are subjected to unprecedented pressures from both. For most tropical zones, deforestation rates are averaged across entire countries, often without highlighting regional differentiation. There are also very few estimates of forest degradation, either averaged or localized for the tropics. We quantified regional and country‐wide changes in deforestation and forest degradation rates for Madagascar from Landsat temporal data (in two intervals, 1994–2002 and 2002–2014). To our knowledge, this is the first country‐wide estimate of forest degradation for Madagascar. We also performed an intensity analysis to categorize the magnitude and speed of transitions between forest, vegetation matrix, cultivated land and exposed surface. We found significant regional heterogeneity in deforestation and forest degradation. Deforestation rates decreased annually in lowland evergreen moist forest by −0.24% and in all other vegetation zones. Forest degradation rates had annual increases in the same period in lowland evergreen moist forest (0.09%), littoral forest (0.06%) but decreased in medium altitude moist evergreen forest (−0.25%), dry deciduous forest (−0.23%) and scelrophyllous woodland (−0.61%) in the same period. Despite these regional differences, higher rates of deforestation and forest degradation were consistently driven by rapid and large‐sized conversions of largely intact forest to cultivated lands and exposed surfaces, most of which occurred between 1994 and 2002. These results suggest that while targeted conservation projects may have reduced forest degradation rates in some areas (e.g. medium altitude moist evergreen forest), the drivers of land cover change remain intense in relatively neglected regions. We advocate a more balanced approach to future conservation initiatives, one recognizing that deforestation and forest degradation, particularly in tropical Africa, are often driven by region‐specific conditions and therefore require conservation policies tailored for local conditions.
Impaired Bone Regenerative Effect of Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Zhu Yu , Jia Yachao , Wang Yanmao , Xu Jia , Chai Yimin 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Stem cell-derived exosomes have exhibited promise for applications in tissue regeneration. However, one major problem for stem cell-derived exosome therapies is identifying appropriate source cells. In the present study, we aimed to compare the bone regenerative effect of exosomes secreted by bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) derived from type 1 diabetes rats (dBMSC-exos) and exosomes secreted by BMSCs derived from normal rats (nBMSC-exos). BMSCs were isolated from rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and normal rats. dBMSC-exos and nBMSC-exos were isolated by an ultracentrifugation method and identified. The effects of dBMSC-exos and nBMSC-exos on the proliferation and migration of BMSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated. The effects of exosomes on the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and the angiogenic activity of HUVECs were compared. Finally, a rat calvarial defect model was used to compare the effects of exosomes on bone regeneration and neovascularization in vivo. In vitro, dBMSC-exos and nBMSC-exos both enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and promoted the angiogenic activity of HUVECs, but nBMSC-exos had a greater effect than dBMSC-exos. Similarly, in vivo, both dBMSC-exos and nBMSC-exos promoted bone regeneration and neovascularization in rat calvarial defects, but the therapeutic effect of nBMSC-exos was superior to that of dBMSC-exos. The present study demonstrates for the first time that the bone regenerative effect of exosomes derived from BMSCs is impaired in type 1 diabetes, indicating that for patients with type 1 diabetes, the autologous transplantation of BMSC-exos to promote bone regeneration may be inappropriate. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:593–605