bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family practitioners' top medical priorities when managing patients with multimorbidity: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Herzig Lilli , Mueller Yolanda , Haller Dagmar M , Zeller Andreas , Neuner-Jehle Stefan , Déruaz-Luyet Anouk , Cohidon Christine , Streit Sven , Burnand Bernard , Zuchuat Jean-Christophe 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundManaging multiple chronic and acute conditions in patients with multimorbidity requires setting medical priorities. How family practitioners (FPs) rank medical priorities between highly, moderately, or rarely prevalent chronic conditions (CCs) has never been described. The authors hypothesised that there was no relationship between the prevalence of CCs and their medical priority ranking in individual patients with multimorbidity.AimTo describe FPs’ medical priority ranking of conditions relative to their prevalence in patients with multimorbidity.Design & settingThis cross-sectional study of 100 FPs in Switzerland included patients with ≥3 CCs on a predefined list of 75 items from the International Classification of Primary Care 2 (ICPC-2); other conditions could be added. FPs ranked all conditions by their medical priority.MethodPriority ranking and distribution were calculated for each condition separately and for the top three priorities together.ResultsThe sample contained 888 patients aged 28–98 years (mean 73), of which 48.2% were male. Included patients had 3–19 conditions (median 7; interquantile range [IQR] 6–9). FPs used 74/75 CCs from the predefined list, of which 27 were highly prevalent (>5%). In total, 336 different conditions were recorded. Highly prevalent CCs were only the top medical priority in 66%, and the first three priorities in 33%, of cases. No correlation was found between prevalence and the ranking of medical priorities.ConclusionFPs faced a great diversity of different conditions in their patients with multimorbidity, with nearly every condition being found at nearly every rank of medical priority, depending on the patient. Medical priority ranking was independent of the prevalence of CCs.
Eccentric Black Hole Mergers in Dense Star Clusters: The Role of Binary–Binary Encounters
Authors: Zevin Michael , Samsing Johan , Rodriguez Carl , Haster Carl-Johan , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present the first systematic study of strong binary–single and binary–binary black hole (BH) interactions with the inclusion of general relativity. By including general relativistic effects in the equations of motion during strong encounters, the dissipation of orbital energy from the emission of gravitational waves (GWs) can lead to captures and subsequent inspirals with appreciable eccentricities when entering the sensitive frequency ranges of the LIGO and Virgo GW detectors. It has been shown that binary–single interactions significantly contribute to the rate of eccentric mergers, but no studies have looked exclusively into the contribution from binary–binary interactions. To this end, we perform binary–binary and binary–single scattering experiments with general relativistic dynamics up through the 2.5 post-Newtonian order included, both in a controlled setting to gauge the importance of non-dissipative post-Newtonian terms and derive scaling relations for the cross section of GW captures, as well as experiments tuned to the strong interactions from state-of-the art globular cluster (GC) models to assess the relative importance of the binary–binary channel in facilitating GW captures and the resultant eccentricity distributions of inspiral from channel. Although binary–binary interactions are 10–100 times less frequent in GCs than binary–single interactions, their longer lifetime and more complex dynamics leads to a higher probability for GW captures to occur during the encounter. We find that binary–binary interactions contribute 25%–45% of the eccentric mergers that occur during strong BH encounters in GCs, regardless of the properties of the cluster environment. The inclusion of higher multiplicity encounters in dense star clusters therefore have major implications on the predicted rates of highly eccentric binaries potentially detectable by the LIGO/Virgo network. Because gravitational waveforms of eccentric inspirals are distinct from those generated by merging binaries that have circularized, measurements of eccentricity in such systems would highly constrain their formation scenario.
The Lithium Test for Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters: Lithium in NGC 2808
Authors: D’Antona Francesca , Ventura Paolo , Marino Anna Fabiola , Milone Antonino P. , Tailo Marco , Criscienzo Marcella Di , Vesperini Enrico 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In the globular cluster (GC) NGC 2808, a quasi-standard initial lithium abundance is derived for a red giant belonging to the “extreme” population, characterized by a large helium overabundance and by abundances of proton-capture elements typical of nuclear processing in gas at very high temperatures, where the initial lithium has been fully destroyed. The observations of lithium in such extreme cluster stars are important to test different models for the formation of multiple populations in old GCs. In the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) scenario, fresh lithium is synthesized during the initial phases of hot bottom burning which, afterwards, synthesize the other p-capture elements. We model the abundance of lithium in the ejecta of super-AGB models, finding values consistent or larger than observed in the “extreme” giant; these same models describe correctly the magnesium depletion and silicon enrichment of the extreme population of NGC 2808, so the overall agreement provides further support to the AGB scenario. In the models involving massive or supermassive stars, the lithium observed requires a mixture of the lithium-free ejecta of the polluting population with more than 40% of standard-lithium pristine gas. The extended chemical anomalies of NGC 2808 stars are thus all explained within at most 60% of the possible dilution range, the initial helium mass fraction in the ejecta should be Y ≳ 0.5, to account for the Y

e
∼ 0.38–0.40 of the extreme population, and further observations of p-capture elements are needed to check the model.
Dancing with carniolan bee / Plešemo s kranjsko čebelo
Authors: Božič Janko 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSlovene heritage in beekeeping is based on knowledgeable bee management practice documented well in 18th century. Well described mating biology of honeybees was first detailed description of specific behavior of honeybees based on observation in well know subspecies of Carniolan bee. Later in 20th century special focus was on dance communication, which was described by von Frisch (1965) as a dance language. In the work alone it was not described as a special cognitive capability of the honeybees but rather instinctive highly specialized behavior pattern. From original work to nowadays many detailed studies of the dance communication were published and also used as a tool to study orientation and learning during foraging behavior. New concept have been involved, especially in sense of new views and methods in cognitive science. How much cognition is involved in foraging behavior of honeybees depends on how wide we accept definition of cognition. Key words: Apis mellifera carnica, communication, waggle dance, recruitment, foraging, information transfer IzvlečekSlovenska čebelarska dediščina temelji na dobrem poznavanju čebelarske prakse, ki je bila dokumentirana že v 18. stoletju. Dobro opisana biologija parjenja medonosne čebele je bil prvi podroben opis posameznega vedenja medonosne čebele temelječe na opazovanjih dobro poznane podvrste kranjske čebele. Kasneje v 20. stoletju je bila posebna pozornost na plesnem sporazumevanju čebel, ki jo je opisal von Frisch (1965) kot čebelji jezik. V samem njegovem delu sicer ni bilo opisano kot posebna razumska zmožnost čebel ampak bolj kot močno usmerjen nagonski vedenjski vzorec. Od originalnega dela pa do danes je bilo objavljenih veliko podrobnih raziskav plesnega sporazumevanja in tudi uporabljeno kot orodje za raziskavo orientacije in učenja med pašnim vedenjem. Razvili so se novi koncepti, še posebej v smislu novih pogledov in metod v kognitivni znanosti. Koliko razuma je vključeno v pašno vedenje čebel je odvisno od tega, kako na široko sprejmemo definicijo razuma. Ključne besede: Apis mellifera carnica, sporazumevanje, zibajoči ples, novačenje, paša, prenos informacije
The impacts of institutional quality and infrastructure on overall and intra-Africa trade
Authors: Yushi Jiang , Borojo Dinkneh Gebre 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe authors examine the impacts of quality of institutions, border and transport efficiency, physical and communication infrastructure on overall and intra-Africa trade covering 44 African countries and their 173 trade partners for the periods 2000–2014. Aggregate indicators are derived for the quality of economic institutions, border and transport efficiency, physical and communication infrastructure using principal component analysis. The findings disclose that intra-Africa and overall Africa's trade robustly determined by the quality of institutions, border and transport efficiency, physical and communication infrastructure. The estimates also indicate that the marginal effect of the quality of institutions, physical and communication infrastructure on trade flow appears to be increasing in GDP per capita. In contrast, the marginal effect of border and transport efficiency on trade decreases in GDP per capita. The authors compute the simulation of improving each indicator to the best performer in the sample. Their findings are robust to estimation method conducted to account for potential endogeneity.
Effects of different training modalities on phosphate homeostasis and local vitamin D metabolism in rat bone
Authors: Buskermolen Joost , van der Meijden Karen , Furrer Regula , Mons Dirk-Jan , van Essen Huib W. , Heijboer Annemieke C. , Lips Paul , Jaspers Richard T. , Bravenboer Nathalie 
Published: January 2019

ObjectivesMechanical loading may be an important factor in the regulation of bone derived hormones involved in phosphate homeostasis. This study investigated the effects of peak power and endurance training on expression levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27b1) in bone.MethodsThirty-eight rats were assigned to six weeks of training in four groups: peak power (PT), endurance (ET), PT followed by ET (PET) or no training (control). In cortical bone, FGF23 was quantified using immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression levels of proteins involved in phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis were quantified in cortical bone and kidney. C-terminal FGF23, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and phosphate concentrations were measured in plasma or serum.ResultsNeither FGF23 mRNA and protein expression levels in cortical bone nor FGF23 plasma concentrations differed between the groups. In cortical bone, mRNA expression levels of sclerostin (SOST), dental matrix protein 1 (DMP1), phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX) and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) were lower after PT compared to ET and PET. Expression levels of CYP27b1 and vitamin D receptor (VDR) in tibial bone were decreased after PT compared to ET. In kidney, no differences between groups were observed for mRNA expression levels of CYP27b1, 24-hydroxylase (CYP24), VDR, NaPi-IIa cotransporter (NPT2a) and NaPi-IIc cotransporter (NPT2c). Serum PTH concentrations were higher after PT compared to controls.ConclusionAfter six weeks, none of the training modalities induced changes in FGF23 expression levels. However, PT might have caused changes in local phosphate regulation within bone compared to ET and PET. CYP27b1 and VDR expression in bone was reduced after PT compared to ET, suggesting high intensity peak power training in this rat model is associated with decreased vitamin D signalling in bone.
Job characteristics as risk factors for early retirement due to ill health: The Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (2006-2014)
Authors: Kang Mo-Yeol , Myong Jun-Pyo , Kim Hyoung-Ryoul 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate work-related factors that contribute to early retirement due to ill health (ERIH) in middle-aged and elderly people in Korea.

Methods
Data were collected from a sample from the first through the fifth phases of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging which was conducted biennially from 2006 to 2014. ERIH was defined as the retirement of workers due to health problems before their scheduled or regular retirement age as reported in one of the follow-up surveys. Three broad subdomains of working conditions were examined: work arrangements, physical working conditions, and job satisfactions. Hazard ratios of ERIH were estimated by Cox regression.

Results
Females, older people, unskilled manual workers, and day laborers were more likely to experience ERIH. In adjusted Cox proportional hazard models, the risk for ERIH in male workers was significantly higher among those with the following conditions: high physical demands, awkward posture, dissatisfaction with the working environment, and no industrial compensation insurance or retirement benefits. However, no significant association was found among female participants.

Conclusions
Occupational class, physical working conditions, job satisfaction, and work arrangement were the potential risk factors for ERIH among male workers in Korea. Moreover, our results revealed gender differences in the risk for ERIH.
Social support at work and mental distress: A three-wave study of normal, reversed, and reciprocal relationships
Authors: Sconfienza Carolina , Lindfors Petra , Lantz Friedrich Annika , Sverke Magnus 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Objectives
This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the causal relationships between social support at work and mental health in terms of mental distress. Despite assuming social support at work to be associated with less mental distress, reversed and reciprocal relationships were investigated as well.

Methods
Self-reports in questionnaires of social support and mental distress were collected longitudinally, with annual measurements over three consecutive years, among 301 office workers (57% women) in Sweden. Cross-lagged structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.

Results
The reciprocal causation model was considered the best-fitting model. The results suggest that social support and mental distress influenced each other negatively, but with a delayed effect. Specifically, this involves Time 1 levels of social support being negatively associated with Time 2 levels of mental distress, while Time 2 levels of mental distress were negatively associated with Time 3 levels of support.

Conclusions
The findings partly align with the hypothesis that social support is related to lower levels of mental distress but also suggest that mental distress can reduce levels of social support. While the findings also suggest a mutual interrelation between social support and mental distress, this is not a consistent reciprocal causation. Rather, and due to the variation in reciprocity between time points, it appears to be a cyclical process, which needs further investigation.
Analysis of Leukocyte Behaviors on Microfluidic Chips
Authors: Liu Yan , Yang Qingzhen , Cao Lei , Xu Feng 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe orchestration of massive leukocytes in the immune system protects humans from invading pathogens and abnormal cells in the body. So far, researches focusing on leukocyte behaviors are performed based on both in vivo and in vitro models. The in vivo animal models are usually less controllable due to their extreme complexity and nonignorable species issue. Therefore, many researchers turn to in vitro models. With the advances in micro/nanofabrication, the microfluidic chip has emerged as a novel platform for model construction in multiple biomedical research fields. Specifically, the microfluidic chip is used to study leukocyte behaviors, due to its incomparable advantages in high throughput, precise control, and flexible integration. Moreover, the small size of the microstructures on the microfluidic chip can better mimic the native microenvironment of leukocytes, which contributes to a more reliable recapitulation. Herein are reviewed the recent advances in microfluidic chip–based leukocyte behavior analysis to provide an overview of this field. Detailed discussions are specifically focused on host defense against pathogens, immunodiagnosis, and immunotherapy studies on microfluidic chips. Finally, the current technical challenges are discussed, as well as possible innovations in this field to improve the related applications.
Tailoring Magnetoelectric Coupling in BiFeO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Heterostructure through the Interface Engineering
Authors: Yi Di , Yu Pu , Chen Yi‐Chun , Lee Hsin‐Hua , He Qing , Chu Ying‐Hao , Ramesh Ramamoorthy 
Published: January 2019

AbstractElectric field control of magnetism ultimately opens up the possibility of reducing energy consumption of memory and logic devices. Electric control of magnetization and exchange bias are demonstrated in all‐oxide heterostructures of BiFeO3 (BFO) and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO). However, the role of the polar heterointerface on magnetoelectric (ME) coupling is not fully explored. Here, the ME coupling in BFO/LSMO heterostructures with two types of interfaces, achieved by exploiting the interface engineering at the atomic scale, is investigated. It is shown that both magnetization and exchange bias are reversibly controlled by switching the ferroelectric polarization of BFO. Intriguingly, distinctly different modulation behaviors that depend on the interfacial atomic sequence are observed. These results provide new insights into the underlying physics of ME coupling in the model system. This study highlights that designing interface at the atomic scale is of general importance for functional spintronic devices.
Metabolizable Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for Second Near‐Infrared Photoacoustic Imaging
Authors: Jiang Yuyan , Upputuri Paul Kumar , Xie Chen , Zeng Ziling , Sharma Arunima , Zhen Xu , Li Jingchao , Huang Jiaguo , Pramanik Manojit , Pu Kanyi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPhotoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) window (1000–1700 nm) holds great promise for deep‐tissue diagnosis due to the reduced light scattering and minimized tissue absorption; however, exploration of such a noninvasive imaging technique is greatly constrained by the lack of biodegradable NIR‐II absorbing agents. Herein, the first series of metabolizable NIR‐II PA agents are reported based on semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs). Such completely organic nanoagents consist of π‐conjugated yet oxidizable optical polymer as PA generator and hydrolyzable amphiphilic polymer as particle matrix to provide water solubility. The obtained SPNs are readily degraded by myeloperoxidase and lipase abundant in phagocytes, transforming from nonfluorescent nanoparticles (30 nm) into NIR fluorescent ultrasmall metabolites (≈1 nm). As such, these nanoagents can be effectively cleared out via both hepatobiliary and renal excretions after systematic administration, leaving no toxicity to living mice. Particularly these nanoagents possess high photothermal conversion efficiencies and emit bright PA signals at 1064 nm, enabling sensitive NIR‐II PA imaging of both subcutaneous tumor and deep brain vasculature through intact skull in living animals at a low systematic dosage. This study thus provides a generalized molecular design toward organic metabolizable semiconducting materials for biophotonic applications in NIR‐II window.
Perfection of Perovskite Grain Boundary Passivation by Eu‐Porphyrin Complex for Overall‐Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Feng Xiaoxia , Chen Ruihao , Nan Zi‐Ang , Lv Xudong , Meng Ruiqian , Cao Jing , Tang Yu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe formation of defects at surfaces and grain boundaries (GBs) during the fabrication of solution‐processed perovskite film are thought to be responsible for its instability. Herein, Eu‐porphyrin complex (Eu‐pyP) is directly doped into methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) precursor, perfectly fabricating 2D (Eu‐pyP)0.5MAn‐1PbnI3n+1 platelets inlaying the GBs of 3D polycrystalline interstices in this protocol. The device based on Eu‐pyP doped perovskite film possesses a champion efficiency of 18.2%. More importantly, the doped perovskite solar cells device shows beyond 85% retention of its pristine efficiency value, whereas the pure MAPbI3 device has a rapid drop in efficiency down to 10% within 100 h under 45% humidity at 85 °C in AM 1.5 G. The above acquired perovskite films reveal an unpredictable thermodynamic self‐healing ability. Consequently, the findings provide an avenue for defect passivation to synchronously improve resistibility to moisture, heat, and solar light including UV.
Robust Photodynamic Therapy Using 5‐ALA‐Incorporated Nanocomplexes Cures Metastatic Melanoma through Priming of CD4+CD8+ Double Positive T Cells
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang Cuifeng , Deng Huihui , Wu Jiamin , Huang Huan , Sun Ran , Zhang Hongbo , Xiong Xiaoxing , Feng Min 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAdvanced melanoma can rarely be cured. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) readily eradicates the primary melanoma but has limited ability to destroy the spreading tumor cells unless supported by other combinative interventions to augment systemic antitumor immunity. Based on the previously synthesized penetration‐enhancing biomaterials, a topically administered nanoformulation is developed, which profoundly assists 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) in circumventing skin barrier to be selectively delivered to tumor cells. After endocytosis, accumulated 5‐ALA is efficiently metabolized to a photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) which stimulates a large production of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under illumination. Accompanied by the robust inflammatory responses followed by primary tumor destruction, CD4+CD8+ double positive T cells are highly boosted to harness host immunity to purge metastases in lymphoid organs. Compared with dacarbazine and programmed death 1 (PD‐1) antibody, this treatment in advanced melanoma murine models, achieves a striking curable rate of 90% without melanoma prognostic markers LDH and S‐100B detection, followed by a relapse‐free survival rate of 83.33% in 300 days. Moreover, the cured mice's immune system function recovers to an extent similar to healthy mice without prolonged or exaggerated inflammation. This study using the synergistic biomaterials approach may thus render 5‐ALA‐mediated PDT a potentially curative therapy for advanced melanoma in clinic.