bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable Bifunctional Activity of MnxCo3−xO4 Nanocrystals Decorated on Carbon Nanotubes for Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Gadipelli Srinivas , He Guanjie , Ward Matthew J. , Do David , Zhang Peng , Guo Zhengxiao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInvited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Zhengxiao Guo at the University College London. The image illustrates an integrated manganese cobalt oxide/nitrogen‐doped multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrid (MnCo2O4@NCNT) catalyst for bifunctional oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER), out‐performing the commercial Pt/C and IrO2/C standards, with potential applications for the oxygen electrode in rechargeable metal–air batteries to power drones and electric vehicles. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.201800049.
Immune regulation of the unfolded protein response at the mucosal barrier in viral infection
Authors: Wang Ran , Moniruzzaman Md. , Shuffle Eric , Lourie Rohan , Hasnain Sumaira Z 
Published: April 2018

AbstractProtein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is subject to stringent quality control. When protein secretion demand exceeds the protein folding capacity of the ER, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is triggered as a consequence of ER stress. Due to the secretory function of epithelial cells, UPR plays an important role in maintaining epithelial barrier function at mucosal sites. ER stress and activation of the UPR are natural mechanisms by which mucosal epithelial cells combat viral infections. In this review, we discuss the important role of UPR in regulating mucosal epithelium homeostasis. In addition, we review current insights into how the UPR is involved in viral infection at mucosal barriers and potential therapeutic strategies that restore epithelial cell integrity following acute viral infections via cytokine and cellular stress manipulation.
Recent novel approaches to limit oxidative stress and inflammation in diabetic complications
Authors: Pickering Raelene J , Rosado Carlos J , Sharma Arpeeta , Buksh Shareefa , Tate Mitchel , de Haan Judy B 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDiabetes is considered a major burden on the healthcare system of Western and non‐Western societies with the disease reaching epidemic proportions globally. Diabetic patients are highly susceptible to developing micro‐ and macrovascular complications, which contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality rates. Over the past decade, a plethora of research has demonstrated that oxidative stress and inflammation are intricately linked and significant drivers of these diabetic complications. Thus, the focus now has been towards specific mechanism‐based strategies that can target both oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways to improve the outcome of disease burden. This review will focus on the mechanisms that drive these diabetic complications and the feasibility of emerging new therapies to combat oxidative stress and inflammation in the diabetic milieu.
Direct detection of the psychoactive substance MT‐45 in human tissue samples by probe electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Usui Kiyotaka , Murata Tasuku , Fujita Yuji , Kamijo Yoshito , Hanazawa Tomoki , Yoshizawa Tomohiro , Funayama Masato 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAnalyses of drugs and poisons in tissue samples are essential in forensic toxicology and pharmacology. However, current procedures for tissue analysis are laborious and time‐consuming. Therefore, we assessed the utility of a newly devised probe electrospray ionization (PESI) technique with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for easy, ultra‐rapid drug detection in human tissue samples. Using this system, typical pretreatment procedures, such as solid‐phase extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, deproteinization, or homogenization, can be avoided. Briefly, a tissue sample of 1–2 mm3 was supplemented with a solution of ethanol and 10 mmol/L ammonium formate, and measurements were obtained. We demonstrated the successful application of this method in a forensic case by detecting an opioid analgesic, MT‐45, in all tissue samples (liver, kidney, lung, brain, and heart). We also detected oxidized metabolites of MT‐45 in the liver. Since the analysis required only 0.5 minutes per sample, PESI–MS/MS is an ultra‐rapid detection method. Furthermore, for a quantitative approach, the total analysis time for the combination of PESI–MS/MS with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method (from instrument start‐up to extraction and PESI‐analysis) was within 8 minutes. MT‐45 concentrations obtained by QuEChERS–PESI–MS/MS and liquid chromatography (LC) –MS/MS were similar for all tissue samples. PESI–MS/MS cannot be used to separate isobars/isomers (ie, compounds with the same m/z value), similar to other direct introduction techniques. Further studies are needed to validate the quantitation method. However, our results indicate that PESI–MS/MS is a potentially easy and rapid technique for the analysis of drugs and poisons in human tissue samples.
Development of –1 MV DC Filter and High‐Voltage DC Measurement Systems for ITER NBI
Authors: TAKAHASHI AKESHI , TANAKA TOSHIAKI , FUJITA HIROYUKI , HIRANUMA YUKI , ICHIMURA SATOSHI , WATANABE KAZUHIRO , KASHIWAGI MIEKO , MAEJIMA TETSUYA 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYThis paper presents the development results of a −1 MV dc filter and dc measurement systems for an ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) neutral beam injector (NBI) system. High accuracy of 0.5% and fast responsivity of 3.3 μs, −3 dB are required for the dc measurement systems: both dc voltage dividers and DCCTs. Circuit design and thermal flow design were carried out to clarify and minimize their effects on the accuracy and responsivity. The validity of the established design was demonstrated by the actual‐product tests; temperature rise of each components fell below the allowable value; inner components of dc filter withstood dc −1.2 MV; each voltage divider accurately measured the voltage during the dc −1.2 MV withstand voltage test; the voltage dividers and the DCCTs were adequate to the requirements of responsivity (3.3 μs, −3 dB).
An enhanced Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensor Based on Copper‐Palladium Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrodes
Authors: Li Zhan‐Hong , Zhao Xue‐Ling , Jiang Xin‐Cheng , Wu Yi‐Hua , Chen Cheng , Zhu Zhi‐Gang , Marty Jean‐Louis , Chen Qing‐Song 
Published: April 2018

AbstractNovel copper‐palladium nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrodes (Cu−Pd/GC) with enhanced nonenzymatic sensing for glucose were facilely prepared by one‐step electrodeposition. The structure and composition of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM and EDS, respectively. The electrode modified process was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometric experiments were used to evaluate the electrocatalytic activities of the electrodes toward glucose. The surface morphology and the electrocatalytic activities of Cu−Pd/GC was compared to Pd and Cu nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrodes (Pd/GC and Cu/GC), respectively. Thanks to homogeneous distribution of Cu−Pd nanoparticles and the synergistic effect of Cu and Pd atoms, Cu−Pd/GC exhibited the highest sensitivity (298 μA mM−1 cm−2) and the widest linear amperometric response (0.01 mM to 9.6 mM, R2=0.996) toward glucose compared to Pd/GC and Cu/GC. The detection limit of Cu−Pd/GC was 0.32 μM (S/N=3). In addition, the as‐prepared Cu−Pd/GC glucose sensor also exhibited exceptional capabilities of anti‐interference, reproducibility and long‐term stability. The as‐prepared sensor was also evaluated for determination of glucose concentration in human blood serum samples, which exhibited high reliability and accuracy, having great potential in clinical application.
An integrative approach combining passive sampling, bioassays, and effect-directed analysis to assess the impact of wastewater effluent
Authors: Sonavane Manoj , Schollée Jennifer E. , Hidasi Anita O. , Creusot Nicolas , Brion François , Suter Marc J.-F. , Hollender Juliane , Aїt-Aїssa Selim 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are major sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and other chemicals of toxicological concern for the aquatic environment. In the present study, we used an integrated strategy combining passive sampling (Chemcatcher®), developmental toxicity, and mechanism-based in vitro and in vivo bioassays to monitor the impacts of a WWTP on a river. In vitro screening revealed the WWTP effluent as a source of estrogen, glucocorticoid, and aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) receptor-mediated activities impacting the downstream river site where significant activities were also measured, albeit to a lesser extent than in the effluent. Effect-directed analysis of the effluent successfully identified the presence of potent estrogens (estrone, 17α-ethinylestradiol, and 17β-estradiol) and glucocorticoids (clobetasol propionate and fluticasone propionate) as the major contributors to the observed in vitro activities, even though other unidentified active chemicals were likely present. The impact of the WWTP was also assessed using zebrafish embryo assays, highlighting its ability to induce estrogenic response through up-regulation of the aromatase promoter-dependent reporter gene in the transgenic (cyp19a1b–green fluorescent protein [GFP]) zebrafish assay and to generate teratogenic effects at nonlethal concentrations in the zebrafish embryo toxicity test. The present study argues for the use of such an integrated approach, combining passive sampling, bioassays, and effect-directed analysis, to comprehensively identify endocrine active compounds and associated hazards of WTTP effluents. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:2079–2088. © 2018 SETAC
Experimental study of the influence of interior lining distributions on flashover in the enclosure with different ceiling structures
Authors: Niu Xuemin , Hasemi Yuji , Yasui Noboru , Kagiya Koji 
Published: April 2018

SummaryDifferent distributions of interior linings in an enclosure have been studied to reveal the influence on time to flashover. Two kinds of ceiling structures, flat ceiling and flat ceiling with beams, were used for enclosure. Six full‐scale experiments were performed to investigate the occurrence of flashover in large enclosures. Heat release rate, gas temperature, and surface temperature of the enclosure were measured and analyzed. Experimental results show that time to flashover is extended for enclosure with large surface areas and large doors. Whether lining the interior linings on the ceiling or beams has a significant effect on flashover. Considering that ceiling fires have effect on the progress of the spread of flame on the wall, time to flashover is reduced for the tests that are fitted with the interior linings on the wall of the enclosure. In the enclosure with beams, the direction of spread of flame on the ceiling is changed, resulting in the change of time to flashover. Additionally, the strength of ceiling jets that is affected by the heat release rate of fire source and the area of the interior linings mounted on the fire source influenced region affects flashover. It is observed that flashover occurs when flame fronts are throughout the upper part of the back wall and the flame‐covered area on the back wall exceeds 0.2 times the area of the back wall.
The cerebellum after trauma: Resting‐state functional connectivity of the cerebellum in posttraumatic stress disorder and its dissociative subtype
Authors: Rabellino Daniela , Densmore Maria , Théberge Jean , McKinnon Margaret C. , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe cerebellum plays a key role not only in motor function but also in affect and cognition. Although several psychopathological disorders have been associated with overall cerebellar dysfunction, it remains unclear whether different regions of the cerebellum contribute uniquely to psychopathology. Accordingly, we compared seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity of the anterior cerebellum (lobule IV–V), of the posterior cerebellum (Crus I), and of the anterior vermis across posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; n = 65), its dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS; n = 37), and non‐trauma‐exposed healthy controls (HC; n = 47). Here, we observed decreased functional connectivity of the anterior cerebellum and anterior vermis with brain regions involved in somatosensory processing, multisensory integration, and bodily self‐consciousness (temporo‐parietal junction, postcentral gyrus, and superior parietal lobule) in PTSD + DS as compared to PTSD and HC. Moreover, the PTSD + DS group showed increased functional connectivity of the posterior cerebellum with cortical areas related to emotion regulation (ventromedial prefrontal and orbito‐frontal cortex, subgenual anterior cingulum) as compared to PTSD. By contrast, PTSD showed increased functional connectivity of the anterior cerebellum with cortical areas associated with visual processing (fusiform gyrus), interoceptive awareness (posterior insula), memory retrieval, and contextual processing (hippocampus) as compared to HC. Finally, we observed decreased functional connectivity between the posterior cerebellum and prefrontal regions involved in emotion regulation, in PTSD as compared to HC. These findings not only highlight the crucial role of each cerebellar region examined in the psychopathology of PTSD but also reveal unique alterations in functional connectivity distinguishing the dissociative subtype of PTSD versus PTSD.
The dynamic relationships between economic status and health measures among working‐age adults in the United States
Authors: Meraya Abdulkarim M. , Dwibedi Nilanjana , Tan Xi , Innes Kim , Mitra Sophie , Sambamoorthi Usha 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe examine the dynamic relationships between economic status and health measures using data from 8 waves of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1999 to 2013. Health measures are self‐rated health (SRH) and functional limitations; economic status measures are labor income (earnings), family income, and net wealth. We use 3 different types of models: (a) ordinary least squares regression, (b) first‐difference, and (c) system‐generalized method of moment (GMM). Using ordinary least squares regression and first difference models, we find that higher levels of economic status are associated with better SRH and functional status among both men and women, although declines in income and wealth are associated with a decline in health for men only. Using system‐GMM estimators, we find evidence of a causal link from labor income to SRH and functional status for both genders. Among men only, system‐GMM results indicate that there is a causal link from net wealth to SRH and functional status. Results overall highlight the need for integrated economic and health policies, and for policies that mitigate the potential adverse health effects of short‐term changes in economic status.
Farm safety—Time to act
Authors: Lower Tony , Temperley John 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIssues addressedAgriculture is recognised as a highly dangerous sector worldwide; hence, the use of evidence‐based solutions to address injury‐related incidents is critical to prevention. The main of this article was to determine the potential for prevention by use of existing controls based on deaths data from 2001‐2016.MethodsThis study assesses data from the National Coroner's Information System for the period 2001‐2016 in regard to unintentional farm injury deaths in Australia (n = 1271). The six leading causes of death (tractors, quads [ATVs], water/dams, farm utilities [pickups], motorcycles and horses: n = 644) are reviewed against existing evidence‐based practice recommendations to ascertain the potential capacity to prevent and/or ameliorate the severity of the fatal incidents. Projections of economic costs associated with these incidents in the past five years (2012‐2016) are outlined.ResultsOf the cases involving the six leading agents (n = 644), 36% (n = 235) have the potential to be prevented with the use of designated evidence‐based controls. Meanwhile, the costs attributed to deaths involving the six leading agents in the 2012‐2016 period, exceeded $313 million.ConclusionsFarm injury incidents and their related economic costs can be reduced by enhanced adoption of the existing evidence‐based controls.So whatFarm safety efforts in Australia require reinvigoration and funding to focus on evidence‐based controls supported by enforcement to attain maximum impact.
Pre‐diagnostic blood immune markers, incidence and progression of B‐cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma: Univariate and functionally informed multivariate analyses
Authors: Vermeulen Roel , Saberi Hosnijeh Fatemeh , Bodinier Barbara , Portengen Lützen , Liquet Benoît , Garrido‐Manriquez Javiera , Lokhorst Henk , Bergdahl Ingvar A. , Kyrtopoulos Soterios A. , Johansson Ann‐Sofie , Georgiadis Panagiotis , Melin Beatrice , Palli Domenico , Krogh Vittorio , Panico Salvatore , Sacerdote Carlotta , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Castagné Raphaële , Chadeau‐Hyam Marc ,   on behalf of the EnviroGenoMarkers Consortium Consortium members, Botsivali Maria , Chatziioannou Aristotelis , Valavanis Ioannis , Kleinjans Jos C.S. , de Kok Theo M.C.M. , Keun Hector C. , Athersuch Toby J. , Kelly Rachel , Lenner Per , Hallmans Goran , Stephanou Euripides G. , Myridakis Antonis , Kogevinas Manolis , Fazzo Lucia , De Santis Marco , Comba Pietro , Bendinelli Benedetta , Kiviranta Hannu , Rantakokko Panu , Airaksinen Riikka , Ruokojarvi Paivi , Gilthorpe Mark , Fleming Sarah , Fleming Thomas , Tu Yu‐Kang , Lundh Thomas , Chien Kuo‐Liong , Chen Wei J. , Lee Wen‐Chung , Kate Hsiao Chuhsing , Kuo Po‐Hsiu , Hung Hung , Liao Shu‐Fen 
Published: April 2018

Recent prospective studies have shown that dysregulation of the immune system may precede the development of B‐cell lymphomas (BCL) in immunocompetent individuals. However, to date, the studies were restricted to a few immune markers, which were considered separately. Using a nested case–control study within two European prospective cohorts, we measured plasma levels of 28 immune markers in samples collected a median of 6 years before diagnosis (range 2.01–15.97) in 268 incident cases of BCL (including multiple myeloma [MM]) and matched controls. Linear mixed models and partial least square analyses were used to analyze the association between levels of immune marker and the incidence of BCL and its main histological subtypes and to investigate potential biomarkers predictive of the time to diagnosis. Linear mixed model analyses identified associations linking lower levels of fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2 p = 7.2 × 10−4) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF‐α, p = 6.5 × 10−5) and BCL incidence. Analyses stratified by histological subtypes identified inverse associations for MM subtype including FGF‐2 (p = 7.8 × 10−7), TGF‐α (p = 4.08 × 10−5), fractalkine (p = 1.12 × 10−3), monocyte chemotactic protein‐3 (p = 1.36 × 10−4), macrophage inflammatory protein 1‐alpha (p = 4.6 × 10−4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (p = 4.23 × 10−5). Our results also provided marginal support for already reported associations between chemokines and diffuse large BCL (DLBCL) and cytokines and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Case‐only analyses showed that Granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor levels were consistently higher closer to diagnosis, which provides further evidence of its role in tumor progression. In conclusion, our study suggests a role of growth‐factors in the incidence of MM and of chemokine and cytokine regulation in DLBCL and CLL.
Second-Generation SYK Inhibitor Entospletinib Ameliorates Fully Established Inflammation and Bone Destruction in the Cherubism Mouse Model
Authors: Yoshimoto Tetsuya , Hayashi Tatsuhide , Kondo Toshio , Kittaka Mizuho , Reichenberger Ernst J , Ueki Yasuyoshi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Cherubism is a craniofacial disorder characterized by maxillary and mandibular bone destruction. Gain-of-function mutations in the SH3-domain binding protein 2 (SH3BP2) are responsible for the excessive bone resorption caused by fibrous inflammatory lesions. A homozygous knock-in (KI) mouse model for cherubism (Sh3bp2KI/KI) develops autoinflammation resulting in systemic bone destruction. Although administration of the TNF-α blocker etanercept to neonatal Sh3bp2KI/KI mice prevented the disease onset, this therapy was not effective for adult Sh3bp2KI/KI mice or human cherubism patients who already had lesions. Because genetic ablation of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) in myeloid cells rescues Sh3bp2KI/KI mice from inflammation, we examined whether SYK inhibitor administration can improve fully developed cherubism symptoms in adult Sh3bp2KI/KI mice. Entospletinib (GS-9973) was intraperitoneally injected into 10-week-old Sh3bp2KI/KI mice every day for 6 weeks. Treatment with GS-9973 improved facial swelling and histomorphometric analysis of lung and liver tissue showed that GS-9973 administration significantly reduced inflammatory infiltrates associated with decreased levels of serum TNF-α. Micro–computed tomography (μCT) analysis showed that GS-9973 treatment reduced bone erosion in mandibles, calvariae, and ankle and elbow joints of Sh3bp2KI/KI mice compared to Sh3bp2KI/KI mice treated with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Taken together, the results demonstrate that administration of the SYK inhibitor ameliorates an already established cherubism phenotype in mice, suggesting that pharmacological inhibition of SYK may be a treatment option for cherubism patients with active disease progression. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Beyond migration—Chemokines in lymphocyte priming, differentiation, and modulating effector functions
Authors: Laufer Julia M , Legler Daniel F 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors coordinate the positioning of leukocytes, and lymphocytes in particular, in space and time. Discrete lymphocyte subsets, depending on their activation and differentiation status, express various sets of chemokine receptors to be recruited to distinct tissues. Thus, the network of chemokines and their receptors ensures the correct localization of specialized lymphocyte subsets within the appropriate microenvironment enabling them to search for cognate antigens, to become activated, and to fulfill their effector functions. The chemokine system therefore is vital for the initiation as well as the regulation of immune responses to protect the body from pathogens while maintaining tolerance towards self. Besides the well investigated function of orchestrating directed cell migration, chemokines additionally act on lymphocytes in multiple ways to shape immune responses. In this review, we highlight and discuss the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in controlling cell-to-cell contacts required for lymphocyte arrest on endothelial cells and immunological synapse formation, in lymphocyte priming and differentiation, survival, as well as in modulating effector functions.
Review on functions of chemokines and their receptors in lymphocyte biology that go beyond guiding directional cell migration.