bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The three-hybrid genetic composition of an Ecuadorian population using AIMs-InDels compared with autosomes, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome data
Authors: Zambrano Ana Karina , Gaviria Aníbal , Cobos-Navarrete Santiago , Gruezo Carmen , Rodríguez-Pollit Cristina , Armendáriz-Castillo Isaac , García-Cárdenas Jennyfer M. , Guerrero Santiago , López-Cortés Andrés , Leone Paola E. , Pérez-Villa Andy , Guevara-Ramírez Patricia , Yumiceba Verónica , Fiallos Gisella , Vela Margarita , Paz-y-Miño César 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe history of Ecuador was marked by the arrival of Europeans with Africans, resulting in the mixture of Native Americans with Africans and Europeans. The present study contributes to the knowledge of the Ecuadorian mestizo population by offering information about ancestry and ethnic heterogeneity. Forty-six AIM-InDels (Ancestry Informative Insertion/Deletion Markers) were used to obtain information on 240 Ecuadorian individuals from three regions (Amazonia, the Highlands, and the Coast). As a result, the population involved a significant contribution from Native Americans (values up to 51%), followed by Europeans (values up to 33%) and Africans (values up to 13%). Furthermore, we compared the data obtained with nine previously reported scientific articles on autosomal, mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosomes. The admixture results correspond to Ecuador’s historical background and vary slightly between regions.
Delivery of Rapamycin Using In Situ Forming Implants Promotes Immunoregulation and Vascularized Composite Allograft Survival
Authors: Sutter Damian , Dzhonova Dzhuliya V. , Prost Jean-Christophe , Bovet Cedric , Banz Yara , Rahnfeld Lisa , Leroux Jean-Christophe , Rieben Robert , Vögelin Esther , Plock Jan A. , Luciani Paola , Taddeo Adriano , Schnider Jonas T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractVascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA), such as hand and face transplantation, is emerging as a potential solution in patients that suffered severe injuries. However, adverse effects of chronic high-dose immunosuppression regimens strongly limit the access to these procedures. In this study, we developed an in situ forming implant (ISFI) loaded with rapamycin to promote VCA acceptance. We hypothesized that the sustained delivery of low-dose rapamycin in proximity to the graft may promote graft survival and induce an immunoregulatory microenvironment, boosting the expansion of T regulatory cells (Treg). In vitro and in vivo analysis of rapamycin-loaded ISFI (Rapa-ISFI) showed sustained drug release with subtherapeutic systemic levels and persistent tissue levels. A single injection of Rapa-ISFI in the groin on the same side as a transplanted limb significantly prolonged VCA survival. Moreover, treatment with Rapa-ISFI increased the levels of multilineage mixed chimerism and the frequency of Treg both in the circulation and VCA-skin. Our study shows that Rapa-ISFI therapy represents a promising approach for minimizing immunosuppression, decreasing toxicity and increasing patient compliance. Importantly, the use of such a delivery system may favor the reprogramming of allogeneic responses towards a regulatory function in VCA and, potentially, in other transplants and inflammatory conditions.
Plasma High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1), Osteopontin (OPN), and Hyaluronic Acid (HA) as Admissible Biomarkers for Endometriosis
Authors: Cao Yunlei , Liu Xishi , Guo Sun-Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIdentification of biomarkers for endometriosis is an unmet medical need that demands to be fulfilled. In this study, we first used a mouse model of endometriosis and evaluated the potential utility of select biomarkers based on serial observations. Since fibrosis is the end result of lesional development, we chose high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), osteopontin (OPN), and hyaluronic acid (HA), all three of them have been well documented to be involved in endometriosis and fibrosis, as potential biomarkers. In addition, we performed immunohistochemistry analysis of HMGB1, OPN, and the receptors for HMGB1, such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), interleukin-33 (IL-33), and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE)–a pattern recognition receptor, with HMGB1 being its important ligand. We then evaluated the same set of putative markers in 30 women with ovarian endometriomas and 20 without endometriosis, and reevaluated the 3 plasma markers 3 months after the surgical removal of all visible endometriotic lesions. In mouse, the lesional staining levels of OPN, RAGE, and IL-33 were all significantly higher than that of normal endometrium, and increased progressively as lesions progressed. In contrast to HMGB1, TLR4, p-p65 and PCNA staining levels were decreased progressively. In humans, lesional staining levels of OPN correlated positively, while that of HMGB1 correlated negatively with the extent of fibrosis. All three plasma markers correlated positively with the extent of lesional fibrosis. Through this integrated approach, we identified plasma HMGB1, OPN and HA as promising admissible biomarkers for endometriosis.
Evolution of helium star plus carbon-oxygen white dwarf binary systems and implications for diverse stellar transients and hypervelocity stars
Authors: Neunteufel P. , Yoon S.-C. , Langer N. 
Published: June 2019

Context. Helium accretion induced explosions in CO white dwarfs (WDs) are considered promising candidates for a number of observed types of stellar transients, including supernovae (SNe) of Type Ia and Type Iax. However, a clear favorite outcome has not yet emerged.
Aims. We explore the conditions of helium ignition in the WD and the final fates of helium star-WD binaries as functions of their initial orbital periods and component masses.
Methods. We computed 274 model binary systems with the Binary Evolution Code, in which both components are fully resolved. Both stellar and orbital evolution were computed including mass and angular momentum transfer, tides, gravitational wave emission, differential rotation, and internal hydrodynamic and magnetic angular momentum transport. We worked out the parts of the parameter space leading to detonations of the accreted helium layer on the WD, likely resulting in the complete disruption of the WD to deflagrations, where the CO core of the WD may remain intact and where helium ignition in the WD is avoided.
Results. We find that helium detonations are expected only in systems with the shortest initial orbital periods, and for initially massive WDs (MWD ≥ 1.0 M⊙) and lower mass donors (Mdonor ≤ 0.8 M⊙), which have accumulated helium layers mostly exceeding 0.1 M⊙. Upon detonation, these systems would release the donor as a hypervelocity pre-WD runaway star, for which we predict the expected range of kinematic and stellar properties. Systems with more massive donors or initial periods exceeding 1.5 h likely undergo helium deflagrations after accumulating 0.1 − 0.001 M⊙ of helium. Helium ignition in the WD is avoided in systems with helium donor stars below ∼0.6 M⊙, and leads to three distinctly different groups of double WD systems.
Conclusions. The size of the parameter space open to helium detonation corresponds to only about 3% of the galactic SN Ia rate and to 10% of the SN Iax rate, while the predicted large amounts of helium (0.1 M⊙) in progenitors cannot easily be reconciled with observations of archetypical SN Ia. However, the transients emerging from these systems may contribute significantly to massive helium novae, calcium-rich SNe Ib, and, potentially, very close double degenerate systems that may eventually produce either ordinary or peculiar SNe Ia, or, for the smallest considered masses, R Coronae Borealis stars.
Fragebogenerhebung zur Erfassung des Status Quo bewegungstherapeutischer Interventionen in deutschen zertifizierten Krebszentren
Authors: Kowarik Evelyn , Wirtz Petra , Steinhauser Susanne , Elter Thomas , Baumann Freerk Theeagnus 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Umfassende Erkenntnisse zu bewegungstherapeutischen onkologischen Versorgungsstrukturen in Deutschland liegen zurzeit nicht vor. Ziel dieser Umfrage war eine Infrastruktur- und Angebotsanalyse der Bewegungsinterventionen an bundesdeutschen Krebszentren.
Methoden 2015 wurden alle deutschen zertifizierten Krebszentren (N=756) mittels Fragebogen zu bestehenden bewegungstherapeutischen Angeboten befragt und mit definierten infrastrukturelle Mindestanforderung zur Umsetzung gezielter Bewegungstherapie verglichen.
Ergebnisse 132 Krebszentren wurden in die Auswertung eingeschlossen. 90,9% der Zentren (N=120) bieten mindestens eine Form von Physio- oder Sporttherapie an. 22,7% der befragten Zentren erfüllen die infrastrukturellen Mindestanforderungen.
Schlussfolgerungen Neueste wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse im Zuge einer optimalen therapeutischen Trainingssteuerung und damit evidenzbasierten Versorgung scheinen zurzeit schwer umsetzbar, was die Etablierung einer Leitlinie zu onkologischer Sport- und Bewegungstherapie notwendig macht.
Longitudinal Course of Short-Term Variation and Doppler Parameters in Early Onset Growth Restricted Fetuses
Authors: Baier Friederike , Weinhold Leonie , Stumpfe Florian M. , Kehl Sven , Pretscher Jutta , Bayer Christian M. , Topal Nalan , Pontones Constanza , Mayr Andreas , Schild Ralf , Schmid Matthias , Beckmann Matthias W. , Faschingbauer Florian 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the longitudinal pattern of fetal heart rate short term variation (STV) and Doppler indices and their correlation to each other in severe growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses.
Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, pregnancies with a birth weight below the 10th percentile, born between 24 and 34 gestational weeks with serial Doppler measurements in combination with a computerized CTG (cCTG) with calculated STV were included. Longitudinal changes of both Doppler indices and STV values were evaluated with generalized additive models, adjusted for gestational age and the individual. For all measurements the frequency of abnormal values with regard to the time interval before delivery and Pearson correlations between Doppler indices and STV values were calculated.
Results 41 fetuses with a total of 1413 observations were included. Over the course of the whole study period, regression analyses showed no significant change of STV values (p = 0.38). Only on the day of delivery, a prominent decrease was observed (mean STV d28-22: 7.97 vs. mean STV on day 0: 6.8). Doppler indices of UA and MCA showed a continuous, significant deterioration starting about three weeks prior to delivery (p = 0.007; UA and p < 0.001, MCA). Correlation between any Doppler index and STV values was poor.
Conclusion Fetal heart rate STV does not deteriorate continuously. Therefore, cCTG monitoring should be performed at least daily in these high-risk fetuses. Doppler indices of umbilical artery (UA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA), however, showed continuous deterioration starting about 3 weeks prior to delivery.
Auswirkungen der vorübergehend fehlenden Genehmigungsfähigkeit für Zwangsbehandlung in Baden-Württemberg: nicht weniger Medikamente, aber längere Freiheitsentziehung
Authors: Steinert Tilman , Keyssner Simon , Schmid Peter , Flammer Erich 
Published: June 2019

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Nach den Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts von 2011 und des Bundesgerichtshofs von 2012 waren Zwangsbehandlungen in Baden-Württemberg vorübergehend für sieben Monate nicht genehmigungsfähig. Auswertungen aus Routinedaten hatten gezeigt, dass bei einer kleinen Gruppe von Patientinnen und Patienten aggressive Übergriffe, Fixierungen und Isolierungen signifikant zunahmen und danach wieder auf das vorige Niveau zurückgingen. Die vorliegende Studie sollte mittels der Analyse von Krankenakten aus sechs Klinikstandorten klären, ob Verweigerung der angeordneten Medikation häufiger war und wie häufig eine antipsychotische Medikation ohne die Möglichkeit des Zwangs realisiert wurde.
Methode In einem quasi-experimentellen intraindividuellen longitudinalen Vergleich bezogen wir alle Patientinnen und Patienten mit schizophrenen und manischen Störungen ein, die eine Behandlungsepisode sowohl in der Zeit ohne zulässige Zwangsmedikation als auch in einem Zeitraum gleicher Länge im Vorjahr aufwiesen (N = 174).
Ergebnisse In der Periode ohne Möglichkeit einer Zwangsbehandlung waren die Patientinnen und Patienten im Durchschnitt signifikant häufiger (+ 26 %), aber nur insignifikant länger untergebracht, Aufenthaltsdauer und Anzahl der Fixierungen blieben unverändert, Isolierungen verdoppelten sich, einige Patienten hatten sehr lange keinen Ausgang und wurden häufig wieder aufgenommen. Medikamentenverweigerung war signifikant häufiger (+130 %, p < .001). Dennoch unterschied sich der Anteil der Patienten, die im Verlauf ein Antipsychotikum einnahmen, nicht (96,0 bzw. 96,6 %), die Dosis in Chlorpromazin-Einheiten bei Entlassung war in der Periode ohne Zwangsbehandlung tendenziell sogar höher (+7,9 %, p = 0.07). Die Unterschiede betrafen gleichermaßen freiwillig und unfreiwillig behandelte Patienten.
Schlussfolgerungen Ohne die Möglichkeit der Genehmigung einer Zwangsbehandlung nahmen anhaltende Medikamentenverweigerung und Freiheitseinschränkungen verschiedener Art zu, eine orale antipsychotische Behandlung wurde in fast allen Fällen realisiert.
Nerve Ultrasonography as an Additive Tool to Clinical Examination and Electrodiagnostics in Sporadic Mononeuritis – Imaging is the Key
Authors: Winter Natalie , Dammeier Nele , Schäffer Eva , Bornemann Antje , Stahl Jan-Hendrik , Herlan Stephan , Schuhmann Martin Ullrich , Grimm Alexander 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Purpose Sporadic mononeuropathies without trauma or compression are challenging to diagnose. Nerve ultrasound has recently proven its usefulness in the diagnosis of traumatic neuropathies, tumors and polyneuropathies. However, its role in mononeuropathies currently remains unclear. We describe ultrasonography follow-up results in 12 patients with suggested spontaneous, monophasic mononeuritis without signs of generalization.
Materials and Methods Nerve conduction studies (NCS), ultrasonography of the affected nerves and the contralateral side, laboratory analysis, and if possible magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the affected nerves were established in all patients at onset. In one patient, additive nerve biopsy was performed. In all patients, ultrasonography was repeated after immunotherapy.
Results An infectious pathogen of neuritis was not found in any patient. All but one patient showed predominant axonal nerve damage in NCS, whereas ultrasonography and MRI revealed fascicular and/or overall cross-sectional area (CSA) enlargement or T2 hyperintensity of the affected nerve segments, suggesting an inflammatory background of the neuropathy. Most patients showed significant clinical amelioration of symptoms under treatment (75.0 %) and consequently a decrease in CSA/fascicle enlargement over time (77.8 %).
Conclusion Ultrasonography and MRI of the nerves revealed enlargement in patients with mononeuropathy of axonal NCS pattern of unknown origin. Ultrasonography can facilitate the therapeutic decision for immunotherapy. Next to nerve trauma, nerve tumors and nerve entrapments, ultrasonography reliably shows nerve enlargement in the case of inflammation and therefore could further enrich neurophysiology. Nerve imaging might serve as a follow-up tool by observing a decrease in nerve enlargement and improved function.
The Impact of Ethinyl Estradiol on Metformin Action on Prolactin Levels in Women with Hyperprolactinemia
Authors: Krysiak Robert , Szkróbka Witold , Okopień Bogusław 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Background Metformin reduced prolactin levels only in women with hyperprolactinemia.
Objective The purpose of this case-control study was to compare metformin action on lactoctrope function between women receiving oral contraceptive pills and women not using hormonal contraception.
Methods The study included two groups of matched women with elevated prolactin levels and new-onset prediabetes or diabetes. The first group consisted of 20 women using oral contraceptive pills for at least 12 months before entering the study, while the second group included 20 patients not using any hormonal contraception. Over the whole study period, all women were treated with metformin (1.7–3 g daily). Circulating levels of glucose, insulin, prolactin, thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, adrenocorticotropic hormone, gonadotropins and insulin-like growth factor-1 were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study (16 weeks later).
Results Thirty-eight patients completed the study. Metformin reduced plasma glucose levels and improved insulin sensitivity but the latter effect was stronger in women receiving oral contraceptive pills than in women not using any contraception. Although metformin treatment decreased plasma prolactin levels in both study groups, this effect was stronger in women taking oral contraceptive pills. Only in this group of women, metformin increased plasma luteinizing hormone levels. The changes in plasma prolactin correlated with their baseline insulin sensitivity and the effect of metformin on insulin sensitivity. Metformin did not affect plasma levels of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, follicle-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1.
Conclusions The obtained results suggest that the effect of metformin on overactive lactotropes depends on estrogen levels.
Effective participatory science education in a diverse Latin American population
Authors: Ferreira Leonardo M. R. , Carosso Giovanni A. , Montellano Duran Natalia , Bohorquez-Massud Soad V. , Vaca-Diez Gustavo , Rivera-Betancourt Laura Ines , Rodriguez Yara , Ordonez Dalila G. , Alatriste-Gonzalez Diana K. , Vacaflores Aldo , Gonzalez Auza Lilian , Schuetz Christian , Alvarado-Arnez Lucia Elena , Alexander-Savino Carolina V. , Gandarilla Omar , Mostajo-Radji Mohammed A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractParticular challenges exist for science education in the developing world, where limited resources require curricula designed to balance state-of-the-art knowledge with practical and political considerations in region-specific contexts. Project-based biology teaching is especially difficult to execute due to high infrastructural costs and limited teacher training. Here, we report the results of implementing short, challenging, and low-cost biology courses to high school and college students in Bolivia, designed and taught in collaboration between scientists from developed nations and local science instructors. We find our approach to be effective at transmitting advanced topics in disease modeling, microscopy, genome engineering, neuroscience, microbiology, and regenerative biology. We find that student learning through this approach was not significantly affected by their background, education level, socioeconomic status, or initial interest in the course. Moreover, participants reported a heightened interest in pursuing scientific careers after course completion. These results demonstrate efficacy of participatory learning in a developing nation, and suggest that similar techniques could drive scientific engagement in other developing economies.
The ethnopragmatics of Akan advice
Authors: Agyekum Kofi 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
This paper discusses Akan Advice under ethnopragmatics. It adopts persuasion, speech acts of directives and expressives, and Akan proverbs to discuss advice with the insight from Akan culture. The adviser expresses some feelings and emotions and directs the advisee to act and behave towards the benefits of the individual, the group or society. The paper taps data from participant observations and audio taped recordings at arbitrations, marriage and naming ceremonies. There is another data from Adi’s (1973) Akan literature book, Brako that covers pieces of advice on travelling, settlement and occupation. The Akan texts are translated into English and analysed. The analysis covers semantics, pragmatics, stylistic devices, and proverbs.
Time-dependent kinetic analysis of trapped electrons in a magnetically expanding plasma
Authors: Kim June Young , Jang Jae Young , Chung K S , Chung Kyoung-Jae , Hwang Y S 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
A deep understanding of the kinetic properties of the electrons in a magnetic nozzle (MN), which is attracting attention as an acceleration stage for thrusters, is of great significance as it directly contributes to the development of the MN performance. In the sense that a conversion of the electron momentum to the ion kinetic energy determines the characteristics of the MN, fundamental research on the kinetic feature of a magnetically expanding plasma has focused on the spatial distribution of the electron properties and proposed directions to the desired application. Unlike the common perception of this importance, various research groups have proposed contradictory arguments based on their theoretical approaches regarding the ion beam acceleration from the viewpoint of heat flow of electrons. We point out that the main reason for the absence of a theoretical consensus for the nozzle efficiency improvements arises from the lack of the clear interpretation of the plasma properties by focusing only on the final state of the electrons. In this Letter, time-resolved measurement of the electron energy distributions has been performed to grasp a detailed series of expansion processes. It has been revealed that the effective potential well gradually formed by the self-generated electric field acts as a limiting factor in the motion of electrons; this effect attributes to the changes of the electron energy distribution represented as the accumulation of the trapped electrons. The accumulation over the entire region diminishes the degree of the cooling rate of a system and decreases the electric field in the downstream region initially generated by the adiabatic expansion. The present study emphasizes that the kinetic features of an MN are strongly affected by the non-stationary motion of the trapped electrons; thus, the temporal behavior of the trapped electrons must be considered for prediction and analysis of nozzle performances.