bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective carious tissue removal using subjective criteria or polymer bur: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (SelecCT)
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Leal Soraya , Schlattmann Peter , Paris Sebastian , Dias Ribeiro Ana Paula , Gomes Marques Marta , Hilgert Leandro Augusto 
Published: December 2018

IntroductionSelective (incomplete/partial) carious tissue removal is suitable for treating deep carious lesions in teeth with vital, asymptomatic pulps. In the periphery of a cavity, removal to hard dentin is performed, while in pulpo-proximal areas, leathery or soft dentin is left to avoid pulp exposure. As the decision of what contains ‘soft’ or ‘leathery’ dentin is subjective, using self-limiting burs which help to standardise the hardness of the remaining dentin, has been suggested to increase the reliability of carious tissue removal. The trial compares subjectively measured selective carious tissue removal in deep lesions in primary teeth with objectively measured selective removal with a self-limiting bur (Polybur, Komet).Methods and analysisA community-based single-blind clustered randomised controlled superiority trial nested into a larger evaluation is performed. Recruitment for this trial has been concluded. We have recruited 115 children aged 6–8 years with ≥1 vital primary molar with a deep dentin lesion. The unit of randomisation was the child, with all eligible molars per child treated identically. Treatment was performed in a mobile dental unit. Subjective and objective carious tissue removal was performed at random. Teeth were restored using glass ionomer cement (Equia Forte, GC). Our primary outcome will be the time until complications occur, evaluated via multilevel survival analysis. Secondary outcomes will be the time until extraction is needed, subjective satisfaction of the child with the treatment (measured using a Likert scale) and cost-effectiveness. Re-examination will be performed after 12, 24 and 36 months (the final examination is expected in 2020).Ethics and disseminationThis trial has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Health Sciences of the University of Brasília (CAAE 51310415.0.0000.0030). Trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented on conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02754466.
Low Skeletal Muscle Mass before Salvage-Line Chemotherapy Is a Poor Prognostic Factor in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Miyamoto Yuji , Hiyoshi Yukiharu , Akiyama Takahiko , Kiyozumi Yuki , Eto Kojiro , Yohei Nagai , Iwagami Shiro , Baba Yoshifumi , Yoshida Naoya , Baba Hideo 
Published: December 2018

Background: Regorafenib and TAS-102 are standard salvage-line treatment options for patients with chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of skeletal muscle mass in mCRC patients receiving these salvage-line therapies. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 52 patients with mCRC who received regorafenib or TAS-102 as salvage-line treatment. Skeletal muscle cross-sectional area was measured by pretreatment CT to obtain the skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm2/m2). We divided patients into 2 groups (low-SM/high-SMI) based on the median value of SMI. Result: The median SMI was 51.8 cm2/m2 in males and 39.2 cm2/m2 in females. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, patients in the low-SMI group showed significantly shorter overall survival (3.7 vs. 7.3 months, log-rank p = 0.002) and progression-free survival (1.9 vs. 2.8 months, log-rank test p = 0.009) than those in the high-SMI group. Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that the SMI was an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio = 2.381, 95% CI 1.189–4.944, p = 0.014). Patients in the low-SMI group had significantly more grade 3 or 4 adverse events than those in the high-SMI group (46 vs.12%, p = 0.013). Conclusion: Low skeletal muscle mass is a negative factor for survival outcomes in mCRC patients treated with salvage-line chemotherapy.
Vascular Injury Is a Major Cause of Lung Injury After Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty in Patients With Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Ejiri Kentaro , Ogawa Aiko , Fujii Shinya , Ito Hiroshi , Matsubara Hiromi 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) has become an alternative treatment for inoperable patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Lung injury (LI) is a major complication of BPA and may attenuate the benefits of BPA. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the association between patient and procedural characteristics and LI in patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.

Methods and Results:
We reviewed 76 patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension who underwent BPA and multidetector computed tomography scanning pre- and post-BPA procedures. We performed BPA on 1247 vessels during 297 BPA procedures and reviewed 594 multidetector computed tomography scans. By comparing pre- and post-BPA multidetector computed tomography images, we diagnosed LI as follows: newly appeared ground-glass opacity, consolidation, and pleural effusion. LI was detected using multidetector computed tomography scans during 138 procedures (47%), and mechanical ventilation was required during 40 procedures (13%). Angiographic findings of extravasation with or without simultaneous clinical symptoms (BPA-related vascular injury) occurred during 50 procedures (17%). In mixed-effect logistic regression models, the BPA-related vascular injury was an independent predictor of LI after BPA, odds ratio, 20.1 (6.43–63.1). High mean pulmonary artery pressure before BPA procedure and BPA-related vascular injury were independent predictors of mechanical ventilation after BPA, odds ratio, 1.13 (1.03–1.24) and 10.8 (3.77–30.9), respectively.

Conclusions:
Vascular injury during BPA could be a triggering factor of LI after BPA, and its severity could be exacerbated by a high pulmonary artery pressure.
Performance of PRECISE-DAPT Score for Predicting Bleeding Complication During Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Choi Sun Young , Kim Moo Hyun , Cho Young-Rak , Sung Park Jong , Min Lee Kwang , Park Tae-Ho , Yun Sung-Cheol 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) helps prevent ischemic events after coronary stenting but comes with an increased risk of bleeding. Several risk scores have been proposed for the management of patients receiving DAPT, but no standardized tool exists for the purpose. We sought to compare the performance of the new PRECISE-DAPT (Predicting Bleeding Complication in Patients Undergoing Stent Implantation and Subsequent Dual Antiplatelet Therapy), CRUSADE (Can Rapid Risk Stratification of Unstable Angina Patients Suppress Adverse Outcomes with Early Implementation of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guidelines), and ACUITY (Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy) scores for the prediction of bleeding in Korean patients receiving DAPT.

Methods and Results:
Nine hundred and four consecutive patients who underwent stent implantation received DAPT. One-year bleedings were assessed using TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction), GUSTO (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries), and BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium). Bleeding events occurred in 154 patients (17.0%) by BARC type ≥3a criteria, 119 patients (13.2%) by the TIMI minor or major criteria, and 80 patients (8.8%) by the GUSTO moderate or severe criteria. In the C statistic analysis, CRUSADE, ACUITY, and PRECISE-DAPT scores showed high area under the curve values for 1-year bleeding (area under the curve 0.73, 0.75, and 0.75 for TIMI minor or major bleeding; area under the curve 0.81, 0.79, and 0.82 for GUSTO moderate to severe; and area under the curve 0.79, 0.81, and 0.81 for BARC type ≥3a, respectively). The discriminate ability of PRECISE-DAPT was similar to CRUSADE and ACUITY in bleeding complications. However, the PRECISE-DAPT score was better at reclassifying the risk of 1-year bleeding compared with ACUITY for the 3 bleeding criteria.

Conclusions:
The PRECISE-DAPT score is a simple 5-item risk score that represents a standardized tool for the prediction of 1-year bleeding in Korean patients receiving DAPT, regardless of bleeding definition.
Association of Anemia With Outcomes Among ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients Receiving Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Moghaddam Nima , Wong Graham C. , Cairns John A. , Goodman Shaun G. , Perry-Arnesen Michele , Tocher Wendy , Mackay Martha , Singer Joel , Lee Terry , Rao Sunil V. , Fordyce Christopher B. 
Published: December 2018

Background:
Anemia may confer a poor prognosis among patients with the acute coronary syndrome. However, few data exist on the association of anemia with in-hospital outcomes, including bleeding, among ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results:

We identified 1919 ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients who had undergone primary percutaneous coronary intervention within the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority (2007–2016) of whom 322 (16.8%) had anemia on admission. Between-group differences in (unadjusted) in-hospital outcomes, including heart failure, cardiogenic shock, major bleeding, and death were examined. Spearman correlation (
r
s
) and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship of anemia on admission with clinical outcomes. Compared with nonanemic patients, anemic patients were more likely to have preexisting hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and prior myocardial infarction. Anemic patients had higher unadjusted rates of in-hospital death (8.1% versus 3.7%;
P
<0.001), bleeding (18.2% versus 9.4%;
P
<0.001), and were more likely to develop heart failure (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% CI, 1.19–2.22), shock (OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.62–3.40), or cardiac arrest (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.10–3.40) during their hospital stay. Baseline anemia was independently associated with major bleeding (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.25–2.56) but not all-cause mortality (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.57–1.73). There was no significant correlation between anemia and overall reperfusion times (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.74–1.22).

Conclusions:
In a contemporary ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction cohort receiving primary percutaneous coronary intervention, nearly 1 in 5 patients were anemic. Anemia was associated with increased comorbidities and higher-risk features on presentation and was independently associated with subsequent major in-hospital bleeding but not all-cause mortality. These results suggest that anemic ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients may safely receive timely primary percutaneous coronary intervention but with particular consideration for bleeding avoidance strategies.
Visual Representation in Earth Sciences History after “The Emergence”
Authors: Ciancio Luca , Laurenza Domenico 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Starting from the analysis of Martin Rudwick’s pionieristic The emergence of a visual language for geological science (1976), this Introduction tries to assess how Rudwick’s suggestions were received by a comprehensive review of what has been published on the topic of visual culture in the earth sciences. The analysis includes studies dealing with maps, sections, landscapes, representations of specimens. We show how historians’ curiosity about cartography has grown constantly (e.g. Kenneth Taylor and David Oldroyd). The studies on geological sections include, among others, Rudwick (2005 and 2008), Gordon Craig and Kerry Magruder and recent contributions dealing with Leonardo da Vinci and Athanasius Kircker. The consideration of essays focused on geological views and landscapes include an overview of the outcomes and limits of studies devoted to the representations of the Vesuvius. Studies dealing with the pictures of rocks, minerals and fossils are considered in their relationships with the results of general works on pictures of natural specimens. The review ends with studies by art historians in the field of geological iconography and pointing out less studied aspects and possible future developments, from the modes of visualising data that have arisen with the introduction of digital technologies to the need of a better studies of geological iconography before the 18th century, a period which the studies collected in this issue of Nuncius are concentrated on.
The Ruins of the Earth
Authors: Dal Prete Ivano 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The relation between visual depictions of rocks and mountains, and coeval notions on the origin and nature of the Earth, is one of the least studied aspects of Renaissance scientific culture. Yet, in the course of the 1400s a new kind of ruins made its appearance in drawings and paintings, alongside those of the classical antiquity: the vestiges of an ancient Earth, as shown in eroded crags, decomposing mountains and in the layered structure of their exposed bowels. In this essay I relate these representations to both the learned tradition of medieval “meteorology,” and to the empirical expertise of Renaissance artists/engineers. Finally, I place within this larger context some aspects of Leonardo da Vinci’s geological writings and drawings, with particular reference to his studies of layered rocks and his discussion of the Biblical flood.
The Astronomical Framework Underlying the Sala di Galatea
Authors: Dekker Elly 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
This paper examines the much-debated ceiling painting by Baldassare Peruzzi on the vault of the loggia in Agostino Chigi’s Villa Farnesina. To date, most studies have examined the ceiling painting from a largely astrological and mythological point of view. Here an astronomically coherent model is proposed that helps to clarify the structure and several of the individual features of the painting.
Investment Protection in Disputed Maritime Areas
Authors: Tzeng Peter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Disputed maritime areas are often sources of valuable natural resources, but they are also often sources of conflict. It is thus important for investors investing in such areas to know the array of investment protection mechanisms available to them. This article examines four such mechanisms (dispute settlement under international investment agreements (IIAs), dispute settlement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), dispute settlement under contracts, and political risk insurance) in the context of three scenarios of disputed maritime areas (unregulated areas, joint development areas, and provisionally delimited areas). It concludes that dispute settlement under IIAs and UNCLOS face significant obstacles not only on jurisdiction and admissibility, but also on the merits. As a result, the most practical solution for investors is to rely on dispute settlement under contracts or political risk insurance to protect their investments.
Emerging Commercial Uses of Space: Regulation Reducing Risks
Authors: Hofmann Mahulena , Blount P.J. 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The space resources industry is an emerging industry that attracts the needed capital to engage in these activities. The legal framework that governs these activities aims to minimize the risks for potential investors. This article addresses the main legal instruments adopted to avoid the risk which could have its source in legal uncertainties. It discusses both the international legal framework as well as the domestic legislation of the United States and Luxembourg regulating space resources activities.
論前齶音聲母j-的唇齒化音變
Authors: Zheng Wei 
Published: December 2018

提要
《中原音韻》「微維」同音的記錄實際上反映的是前齶音聲母 j- 唇齒化為濁擦音 v-，這種音類合併可以追溯至10世紀的河西方音，可見漢語史上「惟維」和「微」字讀音混同的發生年代可以提前。而更早時期梵漢對音所反映的東晉北方話和《經典釋文》的有關記錄與其只有表面上的類似，其語音性質實有不同，需要另作解釋。(2)該音變可以形式化為 j->v-/__V[+back,-low] 除了漢語史資料，漢語方言、民族語等材料以及語音實驗的分析都可以表明，該音是具有生理基礎和類型學意義的自然音變。
Using Network Models to Analyze Old Chinese Rhyme Data (用網絡模型來分析古代漢語的韻母數據)
Authors: List (游函) Johann-Mattis 
Published: December 2018

The evidence one can draw from the rhyming behavior of Old Chinese words plays a crucial role for the reconstruction of Old Chinese, and is particularly relevant to recent proposals. Some of these proposals are no longer solely based on the intuition of scholars but also substantiated by statistical arguments that help to assess the probability by which a given set of rhyming instances can be assigned to an established rhyme group. So far, however, quantitative methods were only used to confirm given hypotheses regarding rhyme groups in Old Chinese, and no exploratory analyses that would create hypotheses regarding rhyme groups in a corpus were carried out. This paper presents a new method that models rhyme data as weighted undirected networks. By representing rhyme words as nodes in a network and the frequency of rhymes in a given corpus as links between nodes, rhyme groups can be inferred with help of standard algorithms originally designed for social network analysis. This is illustrated through the construction of a rhyme network from the Book of Odes and comparing the automatically inferred rhyme groups with rhyme groups proposed in the literature. Apart from revealing interesting general properties of rhyme networks in Chinese historical phonology, the analysis provides strong evidence for a coda *-r in Old Chinese. The results of the analysis and the rhyme network of the Book of Odes can be inspected in form of an interactive online application or directly downloaded.
古代漢語的詞語所反映的韻為對上古音系的構擬，特別是對於最近的一些上古漢語構擬系統，異常重要。其中有一些構擬系統不再僅僅靠於學者的直覺，而且還用統計參數證實來評估分韻和派韻的概率。然而，迄今為止，定量方法僅用於確認關於上古韻部的假設，並且沒有進行探索性數據分析來創建初步分韻假設。本文提出了一種將韻母數據模型為加權無向網絡的新方法。此方法將韻母模型為網絡中的頂點，將某個語料庫的合韻率模型為聯頂點的邊緣，用社會網絡分析的標準算法來推斷語料庫所反映的韻母。為了更具體的說明此方法，本文用“詩經”來構建韻母網絡，而且比較自動與學者所推斷的上古韻部。除了揭示古代漢語韻網的一些有趣特點，“詩經”韻網分析了支持上古漢語韻尾* -r的新證據。“詩經”韻網和韻網分析的結果可以用交際在線應用來訪問而下載。(This article is in English.)
Syntactic Typology in Chinese (Part ii.1) (漢語句法類型學（第二部分之一）)
Authors: Yue (余靄芹) Anne O. 
Published: December 2018

Recapturing the outline given in Part i of this article on syntactic typology in Chinese, the entire article “is divided into three parts: two pertaining to the neutral question forms and one to the attributive and the nominalized construction. Part 1 deals with the V-not-V questions, Part 2 the VP-neg and the Adv-VP questions and it also provides a general typological discussion of the neutral questions, while Part 3 discusses the attributive and the nominalized patterns, with a conclusion on dialectology in typology.” Since the VP-neg form is being gradually replaced by the popular V-not-V form in more than one major group of dialects or better termed as more than one major Sinitic languages, it is necessary to trace such a change wherever possible, so as to affirm whether VP-neg is the native form for the languages and dialects involved. The present paper focuses on the case of Min.
論文分三章，本文是第二章，論述三種中性問句之一的謂語＋否定詞式在閩語裏共時歷時的類型布局。從觀察十六世紀以來的文獻以及十九世紀以至現代方言的發展模式，認爲閩語的本土型是謂語＋否定詞式。他如正反問及各種混合型乃是不同時地語言接觸後累積在不同層次的產物。
New species and records of the genera Scutacarus and Imparipes (Acari: Heterostigmatina: Scutacaridae) associated with Coleoptera and Hymenoptera (Arthropoda: Insecta) from Iran
Authors: NAVABI AMIN , HAJIQANBAR HAMIDREZA , MORTAZAVI ABDOLAZIM 
Published: December 2018

A survey was carried out to study scutacarid mites (Acari: Prostigmata: Scutacaridae) associated with insects in Borujerd city, western Iran. A new species and six species new to the mite fauna of Iran, and mostly new to Asia, were found. Scutacarus pseudoapodemi Navabi & Hajiqanbar sp. nov. phoretic on the ant Camponotus oasium Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is described and illustrated. The new records of scutacarids associated with ants and beetles are: Scutacarus avarus Khaustov, 2008; Imparipes ignotus Khaustov & Chydyrov, 2004; I. gagati Khaustov, 2008; I. malus Khaustov, 2008 and I. morosus Khaustov, 2008 associated with various ants, and I. moderatus Khaustov, 2008 associated with the beetle Drasterius bimaculatus (Rossi) (Coleoptera: Elateridae). New host records are documented and the world distribution of these mites is also reviewed.
Structural and metabolic cerebral alterations between elderly bipolar disorder and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia: A combined MRI-PET study
Authors: Delvecchio Giuseppe , Mandolini Gian Mario , Arighi Andrea , Prunas Cecilia , Mauri Carlo Massimo , Pietroboni Anna M , Marotta Giorgio , Cinnante Claudia Maria , Triulzi Fabio Maria , Galimberti Daniela , Scarpini Elio , Altamura Alfredo Carlo , Brambilla Paolo 
Published: December 2018

Background: Elderly bipolar disorder (BD) and behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) may exhibit similar symptoms and both disorders are characterized by selective abnormalities in cortical and subcortical regions that are associated with cognitive and emotional impairments. We aimed to investigate common and distinct neural substrates of BD and bvFTD by coupling, for the first time, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) techniques. Methods: 3-Tesla MRI and 18 fluorodeoxyglucose–PET scans were acquired for 16 elderly BD patients, 23 bvFTD patients with mild cognitive impairments and 68 healthy controls (48 for PET and 20 for MRI analyses). Results: BD and bvFTD patients exhibit a different localization of grey matter reductions in the lateral prefrontal cortex, with the first group showing grey matter decrease in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the latter group showing grey matter reductions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as well as unique grey matter and metabolic alterations within the orbitofrontal cortex. The bvFTD group also displayed unique volumetric shrinkage in regions within the temporo-parietal network together with greater metabolic impairments within the temporal cortex and more extensive volumetric and metabolic abnormalities within the limbic lobe. Finally, while the BD group showed greater grey matter volumes in caudate nucleus, bvFTD subjects displayed lower metabolism. Conclusion: This MRI-PET study explored, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, structural and functional abnormalities in bvFTD and elderly BD patients, with the final aim of identifying the specific biological signature of these disorders, which might have important implications not only in prevention but also in differential diagnosis and treatment.