bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet and the comparison of living standards across the Great Divergence: Japanese food history in an English mirror
Authors: Francks Penelope 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe assessment of relative living standards, dominated by food, has been central to analysis of the timing and causes of the Great Divergence. Comparative quantitative measures of real incomes and food availability have generated the conclusion that living standards on the western side of Eurasia, in particular in England, were already higher than those observable on the eastern side by the seventeenth century, with the divergence widening thereafter. However, in the English case, research based on evidence as to what people actually ate suggests that the path of dietary change was by no means a straightforward matter of rising calorie consumption. When viewed in the light of this, evidence derived from the work of food historians of Japan can similarly be used to reveal a more complex pattern of dietary development than can be encompassed in quantitative estimates, even if along the lines of a very different diet and cuisine. This needs to be taken into account when living standards are compared across the divergence.
Improving Satellite Global Chlorophyll a Data Products Through Algorithm Refinement and Data Recovery
Authors: Hu Chuanmin , Feng Lian , Lee Zhongping , Franz Bryan A. , Bailey Sean W. , Werdell P. Jeremy , Proctor Christopher W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA recently developed algorithm to estimate surface ocean chlorophyll a concentrations (Chl in mg m−3), namely, the ocean color index (OCI) algorithm, has been adopted by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to apply to all satellite ocean color sensors to produce global Chl maps. The algorithm is a hybrid between a band‐difference color index algorithm for low‐Chl waters and the traditional band‐ratio algorithms (OCx) for higher‐Chl waters. In this study, the OCI algorithm is revisited for its algorithm coefficients and for its algorithm transition between color index and OCx using a merged data set of high‐performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric Chl. Results suggest that the new OCI algorithm (OCI2) leads to lower Chl estimates than the original OCI (OCI1) for Chl < 0.05 mg m−3, but smoother algorithm transition for Chl between 0.25 and 0.40 mg m−3. Evaluation using in situ data suggests that similar to OCI1, OCI2 has significantly improved image quality and cross‐sensor consistency between SeaWiFS, MODISA, and VIIRS over the OCx algorithms for oligotrophic oceans. Mean cross‐sensor difference in monthly Chl data products over global oligotrophic oceans reduced from ~10% for OCx to 1–2% for OCI2. More importantly, data statistics suggest that the current straylight masking scheme used to generate global Chl maps can be relaxed from 7 × 5 to 3 × 3 pixels without losing data quality in either Chl or spectral remote sensing reflectance (Rrs(λ), sr−1) for not just oligotrophic oceans but also more productive waters. Such a relaxed masking scheme yields an average relative increase of 39% in data quantity for global oceans, thus making it possible to reduce data product uncertainties and fill data gaps.
Psychobiological factors of resilience and depression in late life
Authors: Laird Kelsey T. , Krause Beatrix , Funes Cynthia , Lavretsky Helen 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn contrast to traditional perspectives of resilience as a stable, trait-like characteristic, resilience is now recognized as a multidimentional, dynamic capacity influenced by life-long interactions between internal and environmental resources. We review psychosocial and neurobiological factors associated with resilience to late-life depression (LLD). Recent research has identified both psychosocial characteristics associated with elevated LLD risk (e.g., insecure attachment, neuroticism) and psychosocial processes that may be useful intervention targets (e.g., self-efficacy, sense of purpose, coping behaviors, social support). Psychobiological factors include a variety of endocrine, genetic, inflammatory, metabolic, neural, and cardiovascular processes that bidirectionally interact to affect risk for LLD onset and course of illness. Several resilience-enhancing intervention modalities show promise for the prevention and treatment of LLD, including cognitive/psychological or mind–body (positive psychology; psychotherapy; heart rate variability biofeedback; meditation), movement-based (aerobic exercise; yoga; tai chi), and biological approaches (pharmacotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy). Additional research is needed to further elucidate psychosocial and biological factors that affect risk and course of LLD. In addition, research to identify psychobiological factors predicting differential treatment response to various interventions will be essential to the development of more individualized and effective approaches to the prevention and treatment of LLD.
A novel PHEX mutation associated with vitamin D-resistant rickets
Authors: Sako Saori , Niida Yo , Shima Kosuke Robert , Takeshita Yumie , Ishii Kiyo-aki , Takamura Toshinari 
Published: February 2019

AbstractX-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is the most common form of hereditary rickets. Here, we present a case of XLH associated with a novel mutation in a phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX). PCR-direct sequencing revealed a novel PHEX mutation in exon 22, NM_000444.6(PHEX):c.2202del [p.Asn736Ilefs*4], near the 3′-UTR region encoding the COOH-terminal extracellular domain. In silico analysis indicated that a single mutation in N736 may have caused a significant change in higher-order protein structure and function.
Bose–Einstein condensation of photons in an erbium–ytterbium co-doped fiber cavity
Authors: Weill Rafi , Bekker Alexander , Levit Boris , Fischer Baruch 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBose–Einstein condensation (BEC) is a special many-boson phenomenon that was observed in atomic particles at ultra-low temperatures. Later, BEC was also shown for non-atomic bosons, such as photons. Those experiments were usually done in micron-size cavities, where the power (particle number) was varied, and not the temperature, until condensation was reached. Here we demonstrate BEC of photons in a few-meters-long one-dimensional (1D) erbium–ytterbium co-doped fiber cavity at, below and above room temperature, between 100 K and 415 K. The experiments were done at about the 1550 nm wavelength regime having a few to tens of μW intra-cavity light power (107−108 photons). By varying the power and also the temperature, we found linear dependence of the condensation on power for various temperatures and of the critical power (for condensation) on temperature. These findings agree, functionally and quantitatively, with the theoretical BEC prediction without any adjustable parameter.
A Pólya urn approach to information filtering in complex networks
Authors: Marcaccioli Riccardo , Livan Giacomo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe increasing availability of data demands for techniques to filter information in large complex networks of interactions. A number of approaches have been proposed to extract network backbones by assessing the statistical significance of links against null hypotheses of random interaction. Yet, it is well known that the growth of most real-world networks is non-random, as past interactions between nodes typically increase the likelihood of further interaction. Here, we propose a filtering methodology inspired by the Pólya urn, a combinatorial model driven by a self-reinforcement mechanism, which relies on a family of null hypotheses that can be calibrated to assess which links are statistically significant with respect to a given network’s own heterogeneity. We provide a full characterization of the filter, and show that it selects links based on a non-trivial interplay between their local importance and the importance of the nodes they belong to.
Photoredox-catalyzed branch-selective pyridylation of alkenes for the expedient synthesis of Triprolidine
Authors: Zhu Shengqing , Qin Jian , Wang Fang , Li Huan , Chu Lingling 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlkenylpyridines are important pharmaceutical cores as well as versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. Heck reaction represents one of the most powerful platform for the construction of aryl-substituted alkenes, nevertheless, examples for Heck type coupling of alkenes with pyridines, particularly with branched selectivity, remain elusive. Here we report a catalytic, branch-selective pyridylation of alkenes via a sulfinate assisted photoredox catalysis. This reaction proceeds through a sequential radical addition/coupling/elimination, by utilizing readily available sodium sulfinates as reusable radical precursors as well as traceless elimination groups. This versatile protocol allows for the installation of important vinylpyridines with complete branched selectivity under mild conditions. Furthermore, this catalytic manifold is successfully applied to the expedient synthesis of Triprolidine.
Molecular yield of targeted sequencing for Glanzmann thrombasthenia patients
Authors: Owaidah Tarek , Saleh Mahasen , Baz Batoul , Abdulaziz Basma , Alzahrani Hazza , Tarawah Ahmed , Almusa Abdulrahman , AlNounou Randa , AbaAlkhail Hala , Al-Numair Nouf , Altahan Rahaf , Abouelhoda Mohammed , Alamoudi Thamer , Monies Dorota , Jabaan Amjad , Al Tassan Nada 
Published: February 2019

AbstractGlanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder. Around 490 mutations in ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes were reported. We aimed to use targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify variants in patients with GT. We screened 72 individuals (including unaffected family members) using a panel of 393 genes (SHGP heme panel). Validation was done by Sanger sequencing and pathogenicity was predicted using multiple tools. In 83.5% of our cohort, 17 mutations were identified in ITGA2B and ITGB3 (including 6 that were not previously reported). In addition to variants in the two known genes, we found variants in ITGA2, VWF and F8. The SHGP heme panel can be used as a high-throughput molecular diagnostic assay to screen for mutations and variants in GT cases and carriers. Our findings expand the molecular landscape of GT and emphasize the robustness and usefulness of this panel.
Genomic Portrait of Guangdong Liannan Yao Population Based on 15 Autosomal STRs and 19 Y-STRs
Authors: Liao Yaoqi , Chen Ling , Huang Runze , Wu Weibin , Liu Dayu , Sun Huilin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHere we studied the genetic polymorphism and evolutionary differentiation of the Guangdong Liannan Yao population based on 15 autosomal STR loci and 19 Y chromosomal STR loci. The blood card DNA of 302 unrelated individuals from the Yao Autonomous County of Liannan was directly amplified using an Expressmarker 16 + 19Y kit and genotyped using a 3500XL Genetic Analyzer. For the autosomal STR loci, the CPD value was over 0.999 999 999 999, while the CPE value was over 0.9999. The population comparison revealed a closer relationship between the Liannan Yao population and the She ethnic population than other reported Chinese populations. For the Y-STRs, a total of 102 unique haplotypes were obtained, 87 of which were observed only once. Both RST pairwise analysis and a multidimensional scaling plot showed that the Liannan Yao population is closely related to the Fujian She ethnic population and is significantly different from other Chinese ethnic populations. The results show that the 15 autosomal STR and 19 Y-STR loci are valuable for forensic applications and human genetic studies in the Liannan Yao population.
Ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization and validation of an HPLC-DAD method for the quantification of polyphenols in leaf extracts of Cecropia species
Authors: Rivera-Mondragón Andrés , Broeckx Géraldine , Bijttebier Sebastiaan , Naessens Tania , Fransen Erik , Kiekens Filip , Caballero-George Catherina , Vander Heyden Yvan , Apers Sandra , Pieters Luc , Foubert Kenn 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCecropiaspecies are traditionally used in Latin American folk medicine and are available as food supplements with little information warranting their quality. The optimum conditions for the extraction of chlorogenic acid (CA), total flavonoids (TF) and flavonolignans (FL) from leaves ofCecropiaspecies were determined using a fractional factorial design (FFD) and a central composite design (CCD). A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method coupled to a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was validated for the quantification of CA, TF and FL, following the ICH guidelines. Quantitative and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed. The extraction-optimization methodology enabled us developing an appropriate extraction process with a time-efficient execution of experiments. The experimental values agreed with those predicted, thus indicating suitability of the proposed model. The validation parameters for all chemical markers of the quantification method were satisfactory. The results revealed that the method had excellent selectivity, linearity, precision (repeatability and intermediate precision were below than 2 and 5%, respectively) and accuracy (98–102%). The limits of detection and quantification were at nanogram per milliliter (ng/mL) level. In conclusion, the simultaneous quantification of chemical markers using the proposed method is an appropriate approach for species discrimination and quality evaluation ofCecropiasp.
Numerical Simulations of Realistic Lead Trajectories and an Experimental Verification Support the Efficacy of Parallel Radiofrequency Transmission to Reduce Heating of Deep Brain Stimulation Implants during MRI
Authors: McElcheran C. E. , Golestanirad L. , Iacono M. I. , Wei P.-S. , Yang B. , Anderson K. J. T. , Bonmassar G. , Graham S. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPatients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants may be subject to heating during MRI due to interaction with excitatory radiofrequency (RF) fields. Parallel RF transmit (pTx) has been proposed to minimize such RF-induced heating in preliminary proof-of-concept studies. The present work evaluates the efficacy of pTx technique on realistic lead trajectories obtained from nine DBS patients. Electromagnetic simulations were performed using 4- and 8-element pTx coils compared with a standard birdcage coil excitation using patient models and lead trajectories obtained by segmentation of computed tomography data. Numerical optimization was performed to minimize local specific absorption rate (SAR) surrounding the implant tip while maintaining spatial homogeneity of the transmitted RF magnetic field (B1+), by varying the input amplitude and phase for each coil element. Local SAR was significantly reduced at the lead tip with both 4-element and 8-element pTx (median decrease of 94% and 97%, respectively), whereas the median coefficient of spatial variation of B1+ inhomogeneity was moderately increased (30% for 4-element pTx and 20% for 8-element pTx) compared to that of the birdcage coil (17%). Furthermore, the efficacy of optimized 4-element pTx was verified experimentally by imaging a head phantom that included a wire implanted to approximate the worst-case lead trajectory for localized heating, based on the simulations. Negligible temperature elevation was observed at the lead tip, with reasonable image uniformity in the surrounding region. From this experiment and the simulations based on nine DBS patient models, optimized pTx provides a robust approach to minimizing local SAR with respect to lead trajectory.
Low-cost, high-impact altruistic punishment promotes cooperation cascades in human social networks
Authors: Bond Robert M. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTheoretical models and experiments suggest that social networks may significantly impact the emergence and stability of cooperation in humans. Similarly, theoretical models and experiments have shown that punishing behavior can significantly increase cooperative behavior in individuals. However, how punishing impacts the effects of social networks on cooperation is not yet understood. Here, I examine a set of laboratory experiments in which participants choose to cooperate or defect under differing punishment arrangements. Through analysis of the experiment as a network, I evaluate how institutional arrangements affect the degree to which social networks promote cooperative behavior. The results show that cooperative behavior spreads from person-to-person in all versions of the game, but that in versions of the game with low-cost, high-impact punishment the influence both endures for more rounds and spreads further in the network. These results show that the extent to which cooperative behavior cascades is affected by the institutional arrangements that govern game play.
The co-inhibitory molecule PD-L1 contributes to regulatory T cell-mediated protection in murine crescentic glomerulonephritis
Authors: Neumann Katrin , Ostmann Annett , Breda Philippe Christophe , Ochel Aaron , Tacke Frank , Paust Hans-Joachim , Panzer Ulf , Tiegs Gisa 
Published: February 2019

AbstractImmune-mediated glomerular diseases like crescentic glomerulonephritis (cGN) are driven by inappropriately regulated cellular and humoral immune responses subsequently leading to renal tissue injury. Recent studies demonstrated the crucial role for regulatory T cells (Tregs) in suppressing pathogenic T-cell responses during nephrotoxic nephritis (NTN), a murine model of cGN. However, mechanisms of immune regulation in cGN are less clear. Here, we aim at investigating the role of the co-inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in Treg-mediated suppression of renal inflammation. We demonstrated that Foxp3+ Tregs expressing PD-L1 infiltrate the kidney during NTN. Inhibition of PD-L1 signalling by using PD-L1−/− mice or by blockage of PD-L1 in wildtype mice resulted in an increased Treg frequency in the inflamed kidney. However, mice lacking PD-L1 developed more severe NTN associated with an elevated pathogenic renal Th1 immune response, which was reversed by blockage of IFNγ in these mice. Interestingly, lack of PD-L1 altered the gene expression profile of Tregs in homeostasis and kidney inflammation. Functionally, Tregs from nephritic PD-L1−/− mice had impaired suppressive capacity in vitro and failed to protect from NTN in vivo. Thus, PD-L1 displays a protective role in NTN, which is related to Treg-mediated suppression of the Th1 immune response.
Comparison of Forced and Impulse Oscillometry Measurements: A Clinical Population and Printed Airway Model Study
Authors: Soares Marcia , Richardson Matthew , Thorpe James , Owers-Bradley John , Siddiqui Salman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe use of commercialised forced oscillation (FOT) devices to assess impedance in obstructive diseases such as asthma has gained popularity. However, it has yet to be fully established whether resistance and reactance measurements are comparable across different FOT devices, particularly in disease. We compared two commercially available FOT devices: Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) and TremoFlo FOT (Thorasys) in a) clinical adult population of healthy controls (n = 14), asymptomatic smokers (n = 17) and individuals with asthma (n = 73) and b) a 3D printed CT-derived airway tree model resistance, as well as a 3 L standardised volume reactance. Bland-Altman Plots and linear regressions were used to evaluate bias between the devices. Resistance measurements at both 5 and 20 Hz were numerically higher with IOS compared to FOT, with evidence of small and statistically significant proportional systematic bias and a positive Bland-Altman regression slope at both 5 and 20 Hz. In contrast, the IOS device recorded reactances that were less negative at both 5 Hz and 20 Hz and significantly smaller reactance areas when compared to TremoFlo. Larger statistically significant proportional systematic biases were demonstrated with both reactance at 5 Hz and reactance area (AX) between the devices with a negative Bland-Altman regression slope. The printed airway resistance and standardised volume reactance confirmed the observations seen in patients. We have demonstrated that the impulse oscillation system and TremoFlo FOT demonstrate comparative bias, particularly when comparing airway reactance in patients. Our results highlight the need for further standardisation across FOT measurement devices, specifically using variable test loads for reactance standardisation.
Peroxisome-associated Sgroppino links fat metabolism with survival after RNA virus infection in Drosophila
Authors: Merkling Sarah H. , Riahi Human , Overheul Gijs J. , Schenck Annette , van Rij Ronald P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a valuable model organism for the discovery and characterization of innate immune pathways, but host responses to virus infection remain incompletely understood. Here, we describe a novel player in host defense, Sgroppino (Sgp). Genetic depletion of Sgroppino causes hypersensitivity of adult flies to infections with the RNA viruses Drosophila C virus, cricket paralysis virus, and Flock House virus. Canonical antiviral immune pathways are functional in Sgroppino mutants, suggesting that Sgroppino exerts its activity via an as yet uncharacterized process. We demonstrate that Sgroppino localizes to peroxisomes, organelles involved in lipid metabolism. In accordance, Sgroppino-deficient flies show a defect in lipid metabolism, reflected by higher triglyceride levels, higher body mass, and thicker abdominal fat tissue. In addition, knock-down of Pex3, an essential peroxisome biogenesis factor, increases sensitivity to virus infection. Together, our results establish a genetic link between the peroxisomal protein Sgroppino, fat metabolism, and resistance to virus infection.
GIS and AHP Techniques Based Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones: a case study from Southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Arulbalaji P. , Padmalal D. , Sreelash K. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOver-exploitation of groundwater and marked changes in climate over the years have imposed immense pressure on the global groundwater resources. As demand of potable water increases across the globe for human consumption, agriculture and industrial uses, the need to evaluate the groundwater potential and productivity of aquifers also increases. In the recent years, geographic information system based studies have gained much prominence in groundwater exploration because it is rapid and will provide first - hand information on the resource for further developments. Therefore, the present study has been undertaken with an objective to delineate the groundwater potential of a small tropical river basin located in the western side of the Western Ghats in India as an example. A combination of geographical information system and analytical hierarchical process techniques (AHP) was used in the present study. A total of 12 thematic layers such as Geology, Geomorphology, Land Use/Land Cover, Lineament density, Drainage density, Rainfall, Soil, Slope, Roughness, Topographic Wetness Index, Topographic Position Index and Curvature were prepared and studied for groundwater potential zone demarcation. Weights assigned to each class in all the thematic maps are based on their characteristics and water potential capacity through AHP method. The accuracy of the output was cross-validated with information on groundwater prospects of the area and the overall accuracy of the method comes to around 85%. The groundwater potential zone map thus obtained was categorized into five classes-very high, high, moderate, low and very low. The study reveals that about 59% of the river basin is covered under moderate groundwater potential zone. The low and high groundwater potential zones are observed in 29% and 11% respectively. Area under very high and very low potential zones are recorded only in very limited areas in the basin.