bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between adiposity measures and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D among police officers
Authors: Gu Ja K. , Charles Luenda E. , Millen Amy E. , Violanti John M. , Ma Claudia C. , Jenkins Emily , Andrew Michael E. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveStudies show that serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), a biomarker for vitamin D status, are lower in persons with higher adiposity levels and that police officers have been found to have a high prevalence of obesity. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between several adiposity measures and 25(OH)D, and also compare those measures to determine the best one that predicts insufficiency of 25(OH)D (<20 ng/mL) among police officers in the Northeast area of the United States.MethodsParticipants were 281 police officers (71.5% men) from the Buffalo Cardio‐Metabolic Occupational Police Stress Study (2011‐2016). Associations of body mass index (BMI), abdominal height (AbHt), waist circumference (WC), WC‐to‐height ratio (WCHtR), percent body fat (PBF), and fat mass index (FMI) with 25(OH)D were obtained using multiple regression models after adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, season, multivitamin supplement use, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the predictive ability of each adiposity measure to identify insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations.ResultsThe prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was 50.7% in men and 21.3% in women. Mean levels of 25(OH)D were 32.4 ng/mL in men and 34.4 ng/mL in women. After adjustment for covariates, PBF and FMI among men were inversely associated with 25(OH)D: PBF (β ± SE = –2.40 ± 1.01, P = .018); FMI (−2.21 ± 0.93, .018). Among women, no adiposity measure was associated with 25(OH)D. PBF was the best predictor of insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations regardless of gender (AUC = 0.878).ConclusionAdiposity measures were inversely associated with 25(OH)D, but differed between female and male officers.
Nickel Complexes Bearing SNN and SS Donor Atom Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Biological activity
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed B.M. , Farh Micheal K. , Santos Isabel Cordeiro , Paulo António 
Published: July 2019

Based on a tridentate thiosemicarbazone ligand {HL = 4‐(2,4‐dimethylphenyl)‐1‐((pyridin‐2‐yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide}, the nickel complexes [NiCl(L)] 1, [Ni(L)(diEtdtc)(H2O)] 2 and [Ni(L)(pipdtc)(H2O)] 3 were prepared {NadiEtdtc = sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and Napipdtc = sodium piperidine dithiocarbamate} and their structures were elucidated according to their elemental analyses, solution conductivities, magnetic moments and spectroscopic (IR and electronic) data. X‐ray single crystal studies have confirmed the structure of 1 as a square planar complex in which each nickel atom is linked to three (two nitrogen and one sulfur) atoms from the thiosemicarbazone ligand and a chlorine atom to ensure the complex neutrality. Moreover, the asymmetric unit cell of the complex was found to consist of two independent complex molecules of slightly different conformations (A&B). The complexes, especially the binary one, displayed high bactericidal activities that, in several instances, were comparable to or higher than those of the chloramphenicol standard.
Monitoring Fluorescence Response of Amphiphilic Flapping Molecules in Compressed Monolayers at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Nakanishi Waka , Saito Shohei , Sakamoto Naoki , Kashiwagi Akihiro , Yamaguchi Shigehiro , Sakai Hideki , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe air–water interface, which is the boundary of two phases with a large difference in polarity, gives a distinct environment compared with bulk water or air. Since the interface provides a field for various biomolecules to work, it is important to understand the molecular behaviors at the interface. Here, polarity‐independent flapping viscosity probes (FLAP) equipped with hydrophobic/hydrophilic substituents have been synthesized and studied at the air–water interface. In situ fluorescence (FL), which is related to the internal motion and orientation, of three different FLAPs were investigated at the interface, and the internal motion of the molecule was indicated to be suppressed at the interface. In addition, the molecular response was compared with that of conventional viscosity probes (molecular rotors), which indicates the different behaviors of FLAP probably due to the distinct molecular orientation as well as molecular motion.
Bimetallic Fe‐Promoted Catalyst for CO‐Free Hydrogen Production in High‐Temperature‐Methanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Sharma Richa , Kumar Amit , Upadhyay Rajesh K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe current work investigates various bimetallic catalysts supported on Al2O3−Zn−ZrO2 to determine a catalyst with minimal CO selectivity at high temperature for methanol steam reforming. Characterization tools employed in this study include temperature programmed reduction, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Activity testing for all the catalysts synthesized were performed in the temperature range of 150 to 500 °C. Bimetallic catalyst with addition of Fe as second metal to Cu in 50 : 50 molar ratio was observed with an interesting synergy which resulted in reduced particle size and enhanced reducibility. It was further observed that Cu−Fe with lower Fe content and up to 75 % Cu led to zero CO selectivity for temperature up to 450 °C. A structure‐activity relationship of Cu−Fe/Al2O3−Zn−ZrO2 was therefore elucidated. Further, reaction mechanism for the same was also proposed based on in‐situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy.
Microstructural Engineering of Heterogeneous P−S−Co Interface for Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Yu Xiaoguang , Li Na , Wang Wenquan , Li Longfei , Yao Meiyang , Tian Wentao , Guo Xiaosong , Li Guicun 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFabricating and engineering heterointerface was an effective approach to improve electrochemical activity of catalysts through modulating their atomic arrangement and chemical states. Herein, cobalt phosphide and cobalt sulfide (CoP/CoSx) heterostructure hollow nanocones were fabricated by an in situ ion intercalation template‐assisted method. The microstructure of the heterointerface could be adjusted by changing the molar ratio of S/P. Electrochemical investigation revealed that the disordered structures at the heterointerface could influence the catalytic behavior of active sites. Rationally engineering the disordered structure could improve the electrocatalytic activity for oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions (OER/HER). The optimized CoP/CoSx heterostructure exhibited favorable catalytic activity for OER, which delivered an overpotential at 10 mA cm−2 of 313 mV and a Tafel slope (93 mV dec−1) in alkaline media. Meanwhile, the optimized CoP/CoSx heterostructure also exhibited superior HER performance under acidic condition.
PROTOCOL: Effects of custodial vs. non‐custodial sentences on re‐offending
Authors: Villettaz Patrice , Killias Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractReviewerMartin Killias and Patrice Villettaz, School of Forensic Science and Criminology, University of Lausanne, CH‐1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. E‐mail:Martin.Killias@ipsc.unil.ch. Phone: (0041‐21) 692 46 40, Fax (0041‐21) 692 46 05ObjectiveTo assess the relative effects of imprisonment and non custodial (“alternative” or “community”) sanctions on reoffending.BackgroundThroughout the western world, community‐based sanctions have become a popular and widely used alternative to custodial sentences. There have been many comparisons of rates of reconviction among former prisoners and those who have served any kind of community sanction. So far, the comparative effects on reoffending of custodial and non custodial sanctions is unresolved, due to many uncontrolled variables.Search StrategyRelevant studies which meet the eligibility criteria (see below) will be identified through multiple sources, including abstracts, bibliographies, and contacts with experts in all possible countries.Eligibility CriteriaRandomized or quasi‐randomized experiments, as well as non experimental comparisons between former prison inmates and those who served community sanctions will be included, provided that variables in addition to those found in registers have been controlled for (attitudes, personal or employment history etc.). Studies published in any language after 1960 will be considered for inclusion.Data Collection and AnalysisA coding protocol will be prepared along the guidelines of the Campbell Collaboration.Sources of SupportAn application for funding of this review has been filed at the National Science Foundation of Switzerland. The decision is expected to arrive by March, 2003. Financial support by the National Science Foundation of Switzerland does not affect the independence of the reviewers.
Vitamin K antagonist vs direct oral anticoagulants with antiplatelet therapy in dual or triple therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention or acute coronary syndrome in atrial fibrillation: Meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Roule Vincent , Ardouin Pierre , Briet Clément , Lemaitre Adrien , Bignon Mathieu , Sabatier Rémi , Champ‐Rigot Laure , Milliez Paul , Blanchart Katrien , Beygui Farzin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe combination of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) and antiplatelet agents following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with an increased bleeding risk.HypothesisDirect oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are associated with a greater safety profile but the optimal antithrombotic treatment strategy, especially when considering ischemic events, is unclear.MethodsWe performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing outcomes in AF patients following PCI and/or acute coronary syndrome (ACS) when treated with DOAC vs VKA, both in combination with one (dual) or two (triple) antiplatelet regimens. A systematic review was performed by searches of electronic databases MEDLINE (source PubMed) and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register Database as well as Cardiology annual meetings. Three studies were finally included.ResultsCompared to VKA triple therapy, the use of DOAC was associated with a decreased risk of any bleeding (relative risk [RR] 0.68 [0.62; 0.74]), major bleeding (RR 0.61 [0.51; 0.75]) and intracranial bleeding (RR 0.33 [0.17; 0.66]) and similar rates of the composite efficacy endpoint (RR 1.0 [0.87; 1.14]) and its components. Similar and consistent results were observed with both dual and triple therapy including a DOAC compared to VKA.ConclusionOur meta‐analysis supports the use of dual therapy combining a DOAC and clopidogrel as the default regimen in most AF patients after PCI and/or ACS.
Racial and ethnic disparities in neurocognitive, emotional, and quality‐of‐life outcomes in survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Dixon Stephanie B. , Li Nan , Yasui Yutaka , Bhatia Smita , Casillas Jacqueline N. , Gibson Todd M. , Ness Kirsten K. , Porter Jerlym S. , Howell Rebecca M. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Robison Leslie L. , Hudson Melissa M. , Krull Kevin R. , Armstrong Gregory T. 
Published: July 2019

BackgroundSurvivors of childhood cancer are at risk of neurocognitive impairment, emotional distress, and poor health‐related quality of life (HRQOL); however, the effect of race/ethnicity is understudied. The objective of this study was to identify race/ethnicity‐based disparities in neurocognitive, emotional, and HRQOL outcomes among survivors of childhood cancer.MethodsSelf‐reported measures of neurocognitive function, emotional distress (the Brief Symptom Inventory‐18), and HRQOL (the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 health survey) were compared between minority (Hispanic, n = 821; non‐Hispanic black [NHB], n = 600) and non‐Hispanic white (NHW) (n = 12,287) survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (median age, 30.9 years; range, 16.0‐54.1 years). By using a sample of 3055 siblings, the magnitude of same‐race/same‐ethnicity survivor‐sibling differences was compared between racial/ethnic groups, adjusting for demographic and treatment characteristics and current socioeconomic status (SES).ResultsNo clear pattern of disparity in neurocognitive outcomes by race/ethnicity was observed. The magnitude of the survivor‐sibling difference in the mean score for depression was greater in Hispanics than in NHWs (3.59 vs 1.09; P = .004). NHBs and Hispanics had greater survivor‐sibling differences in HRQOL than NHWs for mental health (NHBs: −5.78 vs −0.69; P = .001; Hispanics: −3.87 vs −0.69; P = .03), and social function (NHBs: −7.11 vs −1.47; P < .001; Hispanics: −5.33 vs −1.47; P = .001). NHBs had greater survivor‐sibling differences in physical subscale scores for HRQOL than NHWs. In general, the findings were not attenuated by current SES.ConclusionsAlthough no pattern of disparity in neurocognitive outcomes was observed, differences across many HRQOL outcomes among minorities compared with NHWs, not attenuated by current SES, were identified. This suggests that further research into environmental and sociocultural factors during and immediately after treatment is needed.
Metal‐Free Photochemical Degradation of Lignin‐Derived Aryl Ethers and Lignin by Autologous Radicals through Ionic Liquid Induction
Authors: Kang Ying , Lu Xingmei , Zhang Guangjin , Yao Xiaoqian , Xin Jiayu , Yang Shaoqi , Yang Yongqing , Xu Junli , Feng Mi , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe degradation of lignin into aromatic products is very important, but harsh conditions and metal‐based catalysts are commonly needed to cleave the inert bonds. Herein, an efficient self‐initiated radical photochemical degradation for lignin‐derived aryl ethers through ionic liquids (ILs) induction is demonstrated. The C−C/C−O bonds can be cleaved efficiently through free‐radical‐mediated reaction in the binary‐ILs system 1‐propenyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl] imide [PMim][NTf2] and the Brønsted acid 1‐propylsulfonic‐3‐methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([PrSO3HMim][OTf]) under ambient conditions. [PMim][NTf2] initiates the reaction by promoting the cleavage of the Cβ−H bond, and [PrSO3HMim][OTf] catalyzes the subsequent C−O−C bond fragmentation. Furthermore, alkyl, hydroxyl, and peroxy radicals are detected, which suggests degradation based on a photochemical free‐radical process. Additionally, alkali lignin could also be degraded in the IL system. This work sheds light on sustainable biomass utilization through a self‐initiated radical photochemical strategy under metal‐free and mild conditions.
Generation and validation of novel conditional flox and inducible Cre alleles targeting fibroblast growth factor 18 (Fgf18)
Authors: Hagan Andrew S. , Boylan Michael , Smith Craig , Perez‐Santamarina Estela , Kowalska Karolina , Hung Irene H. , Lewis Renate M. , Hajihosseini Mohammad K. , Lewandoski Mark , Ornitz David M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast growth factor 18 (FGF18) functions in the development of several tissues, including the lung, limb bud, palate, skeleton, central nervous system, and hair follicle. Mice containing a germline knockout of Fgf18 (Fgf18
−/−) die shortly after birth. Postnatally, FGF18 is being evaluated for pathogenic roles in fibrosis and several types of cancer. The specific cell types that express FGF18 have been difficult to identify, and the function of FGF18 in postnatal development and tissue homeostasis has been hampered by the perinatal lethality of Fgf18 null mice.ResultsWe engineered a floxed allele of Fgf18 (Fgf18
flox) that allows conditional gene inactivation and a CreERT2 knockin allele (Fgf18
CreERT2) that allows the precise identification of cells that express Fgf18 and their lineage. We validated the Fgf18
flox allele by targeting it in mesenchymal tissue and primary mesoderm during embryonic development, resulting in similar phenotypes to those observed in Fgf18 null mice. We also use the Fgf18
CreERT2 allele, in combination with a conditional fluorescent reporter to confirm known and identify new sites of Fgf18 expression.ConclusionThese alleles will be useful to investigate FGF18 function during organogenesis and tissue homeostasis, and to target specific cell lineages at embryonic and postnatal time points.
Longitudinal follow‐up of a comprehensive operationalization of eating disorder recovery: Concurrent and predictive validity
Authors: Bardone‐Cone Anna M. , Alvarez Alexandra , Gorlick Jenna , Koller Katherine A. , Thompson Katherine A. , Miller Alexandra J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to replicate the concurrent validity of a comprehensive definition of eating disorder recovery (physical, behavioral, and cognitive indices) in a sample followed up 7–8 years from baseline, and to examine, for the first time with this comprehensive definition, predictive validity.MethodParticipants were 66 women with a history of an eating disorder and 31 age‐matched controls who completed an online survey and phone interview.ResultsIn general, women who were fully recovered were statistically indistinguishable from controls and had significantly less eating disorder attitudes and behaviors than the partially recovered and eating disorder groups. Being fully recovered at baseline was a robust predictor of stability: of those fully recovered at baseline, 80% remained fully recovered at follow‐up. One‐third of those with an eating disorder and one‐half of those in partial recovery at baseline attained full recovery at follow‐up.DiscussionThese findings support the current operationalization of eating disorder recovery, encompassing physical, behavioral, and cognitive indices, as valid and highlight that full recovery is not only possible but predicts full recovery years later. Future research should examine this operationalization in diverse samples and study trajectories of recovery to identify predictors.
Mortality in males treated for an eating disorder—A large prospective study
Authors: Quadflieg Norbert , Strobel Christine , Naab Silke , Voderholzer Ulrich , Fichter Manfred M. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the long‐term mortality of eating disorders in male inpatients.MethodCrude mortality rates (CMR) and standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were computed for a large sample of males (147 anorexia nervosa [AN], 81 bulimia nervosa [BN], 110 eating disorder not otherwise specified [ED‐NOS]; DSM‐IV). In addition, a survival analysis from onset of eating disorder to death or end of observation was computed.ResultsCMR was 12.9% in AN, 11.1% in BN, and 6.4% in ED‐NOS. Standardized mortality was significantly elevated in males with AN (SMR = 5.91; 95% confidence interval 3.56–9.23) as well as ED‐NOS (SMR = 3.40; 95% confidence interval 1.37–7.01) but not in males with BN (SMR = 1.88; 95% confidence interval 0.86–3.58). Males with AN died sooner after onset of eating disorder than males with BN or ED‐NOS.DiscussionMortality in male inpatients with eating disorder is high, especially in AN. There is need for developing more effective treatments to achieve better outcome.
Contrasting seasonal and spatial distribution of native and invasive Codium seaweed revealed by targeting species‐specific eDNA
Authors: Muha Teja Petra , Skukan Roberta , Borrell Yaisel J. , Rico José M. , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos , Garcia‐Vazquez Eva , Consuegra Sofia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimCodium fragile, an invasive seaweed, has spread widely during the last century, impacting on local seaweed communities through competition and disturbance. Early detection of C. fragile can help on its control and management. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has proved successful for early detection of aquatic invasive species but its potential use for seaweed remains understudied. We used a species‐specific eDNA qPCR approach to investigate the spatial distribution, abundance, and coexistence of the invasive C. fragile and three native Codium species (Codium vermilara, Codium tomentosum, and Codium decorticatum) in the Cantabrian Sea.LocationBay of Biscay, Northern Atlantic Coast of the Iberian Peninsula; two ports, a beach and a rocky cliff.MethodsWe designed species‐specific primers in barcoding regions targeting short fragments of the rbcL gene for the invasive Codium species, and the elongation factor Tu (tufA) gene for the native species, to assess their spatial and seasonal distributions using quantitative real‐time PCR in samples collected during summer, autumn, and winter.ResultsWe found seasonal differences in the presence of the invasive Codium fragile and two of the native Codium species, but did not detect C. decorticatum at any point. Species distribution patterns produced with qPCR targeting species‐specific eDNA coincided with the known distribution based on previous conventional sampling, with a seasonal alternance of C. fragile and C. vermilara, and a marked dominance of invasive C. fragile in ports, which are known hotspots for invasive species.Main conclusionsOur results demonstrate the utility of using eDNA for early detection and monitoring of invasive seaweed. Native and invasive Codium spp. displayed significant seasonal and spatial differentiation that needs to be taken into account in risk management. Regular monitoring of ports and adjacent areas using eDNA should help to assess the potential expansion of invasive Codium and the need for management interventions to avoid the displacement of native seaweed.
Is there coordination of leaf and fine root traits at local scales? A test in temperate forest swamps
Authors: Hu Yu‐Kun , Pan Xu , Yang Xue‐Jun , Liu Guo‐Fang , Liu Xu‐Yan , Song Yao‐Bin , Zhang Man‐Yin , Cui Li‐Juan , Dong Ming 
Published: July 2019

AbstractExamining the coordination of leaf and fine root traits not only aids a better understanding of plant ecological strategies from a whole‐plant perspective, but also helps improve the prediction of belowground properties from aboveground traits. The relationships between leaf and fine root traits have been extensively explored at global and regional scales, but remain unclear at local scales. Here, we measured six pairs of analogous leaf and fine root traits related to resource economy and organ size for coexisting dominant and subordinate vascular plants at three successional stages of temperate forest swamps in Lingfeng National Nature Reserve in the Greater Hinggan Mountains, NE China. Leaf and fine root traits related to resource acquisition (e.g., specific leaf area [SLA], leaf N, leaf P, root water content, and root P) decreased with succession. Overall, we found strong linear relationships between leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and root water content, and between leaf and root C, N, and P concentrations, but only weak correlations were observed between leaf area and root diameter, and between SLA and specific root length (SRL). The strong relationships between LDMC and root water content and between leaf and root C, N, and P held at the early and late stages, but disappeared at the middle stage. Besides, C and P of leaves were significantly correlated with those of roots for woody plants, while strong linkages existed between LDMC and root water content and between leaf N and root N for herbaceous species. These results provided evidence for the existence of strong coordination between leaf and root traits at the local scale. Meanwhile, the leaf–root trait relationships could be modulated by successional stage and growth form, indicating the complexity of coordination of aboveground and belowground traits at the local scale.