bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In defence of underlying representations: Latin rhotacism, French liaison, Romanian palatalization
Authors: Bermúdez-Otero Ricardo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe surface realization of a linguistic expression can often be predicted from the form of paradigmatically related items that are not contained within it: in Latin, the nominative singular of a noun can often be inferred from the genitive; in French, the final consonant of a prenominal masculine adjective in liaison can typically be predicted from the feminine; in Romanian, the plural form of a noun determines whether its stem will exhibit palatalization before the derivational suffix /-ist/. Such instances of phonological paradigmatic dependence without containment have been claimed to challenge cyclic models of the morphosyntax-phonology interface. In this article, however, they are shown to be established indirectly through the acquisition of underlying representations. This approach correctly predicts that phonological paradigmatic dependencies are never systematically extended to new items if they involve suppletive allomorphy rather than regular alternation, whilst those surface phonological properties of derivatives that are under strict phonotactic control evade paradigmatic dependence on the inflectional forms of their bases. Theories relying on surface-to-surface computation fail to recover these empirical predictions because they are inherently nonmodular, positing generalizations that promiscuously mix phonological, morphosyntactic, and lexical information. Underlying representations, therefore, remain indispensable as a means of establishing a necessary modular demarcation between regular phonology and suppletive allomorphy.
Homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions – From a mechanistic point of view
Authors: Ke Zhuofeng , Li Yinwu , Hou Cheng , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reactions represent not only one of the most synthetically important chemical transformations, but also a promising way to renewably utilize the hydrogen energy. In order to rationally design efficient homogeneous catalysts for hydrogenations/dehydrogenations, it is of fundamental importance to understand their reaction mechanisms in detail. With this aim in mind, we herein provide a brief overview of the mechanistic understanding and related catalyst design strategies. Hydrogenations and dehydrogenations represent the reverse process of each other, and involve the activation/release of H2 and the insertion/elimination of hydride as major steps. The mechanisms discussed in this chapter include the cooperation (bifunctional) mechanism and the non-cooperation mechanisms. Non-cooperation mechanisms usually involve single-site transition metal (TM) catalysts or transition metal hydride (TM-H) catalysts. Cooperation mechanisms usually operate in the state-of-the-art bifunctional catalysts, including Lewis-base/transition-metal (LB-TM) catalysts, Lewis-acid/transition-metal (LA-TM) catalysts, Lewis-acid/Lewis-base (LA-LB; the so-called frustrated Lewis pairs - FLPs) catalysts, newly developed ambiphilic catalysts, and bimetallic transition-metal/transition-metal (TM-TM) catalysts. The influence of the ligands, the electronic structure of the metal, and proton shuttle on the reaction mechanism are also discussed to improve the understanding of the factors that can govern mechanistic preferences. The content presented in this chapter should both inspire experimental and theoretical chemists concerned with homogeneously catalyzed hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, and provide valuable information for future catalyst design.
Neutron methods for tracking lithium in operating electrodes and interfaces
Authors: Avdeev Mikhail V. , Bobrikov Ivan A. , Petrenko Viktor I. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The performance characteristics of modern electrochemical energy storage devices are largely determined by the processes occurring at charge separation interfaces, as well as by the evolution of the structure, composition and chemistry of electrodes and electrolytes. The paper reviews the principal applications of neutron scattering techniques in structural studies of electrode materials and electrochemical interfaces in the course of their operation (operando mode) with an accent to Li-ion batteries. The high penetrating power of thermal neutrons makes it possible to study complex systems that are the closest to real electrochemical cells. The recent progress and future tasks in the development of the neutron scattering methods (diffraction, reflectometry, small-angle scattering) for various types of electrodes/interfaces in Li energy storage devices are discussed.
Tove Jansson, Nietzsche and the poetics of overcoming
Authors: Ruin Hans 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
This article explores the connections between Nietzsche’s Also Sprach Zarathustra and Tove Jansson and the world of the Moomins. It begins with a short summary of the impact of Nietzsche in the Nordic countries and of his most important book, focusing on passages that are of particular relevance for the analyses that follow. It then proceeds to explore its meaning and significance for Jansson in three sections. The first concerns Atos Wirtanen, the writer and politician with whom she lived for ten years, and who encouraged her to publish her first book, while he himself was completing a book on Nietzsche. In the second section, the article analyzes an early semi-autobiographical literary experiment from the Jansson family archive that displays her as a passionate reader of Nietzsche long before her meeting with Wirtanen. In the third and last section, the framework of the Zarathustra narrative is used to interpret some of the figures and scenes from the Moomin books.
The response to radiofrequency neurotomy of medial branches including a bipolar system for thoracic facet joints
Authors: Rohof Olav , Chen Chee Kean 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Background and aims
The evidence for interventional treatment of thoracic facet joint pain remains limited. This is partly due to inconsistency of the path of thoracic medial branches and a lower incidence of thoracic facet pain among spine pain patients. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of bipolar radiofrequency (RF) neurotomy of medial branches for treating chronic thoracic facet joint pain.

Methods
This is a retrospective record review of all patients diagnosed to have thoracic facet pain with diagnostic block and subsequently treated with bipolar RF neurotomy of medial branch between January 2012 and December 2015. The outcome measures were mean changes in Numeral Rating Scale (NRS) and Pain Disability Index (PDI).

Results
There were 71 patients with complete data available for analysis. The mean age of the patients was 57.9±11.2 years. The mean duration of pain was 23±10.5 months. The majority of patients (82%) had pain reduction of more than 50% at 12 months after bipolar RF neurotomy. The NRS decreased significantly from baseline of 7.75±1.25 to 2.86±1.53 at 3 months and 2.82±1.29 at 12 months post-procedure (p<0.001. p<0.001, respectively). The PDI improved significantly from 40.92±12.22 to 24.15±9.79, p<0.05). There were no serious adverse effects or complications of the procedure reported in this study.

Conclusions
Bipolar RF neurotomy of thoracic medial branch is associated with a significant reduction in thoracic facet joint pain. The promising findings from this case series merit further assessment with prospective, randomized controlled trial which will produce a more reliable and accurate finding for its clinical applications.
Kompensation des frequenzabhängigen Fehlers in der Strommessung bei der Bestimmung von Magnetisierungskennlinien und -verlusten
Authors: Trnka Nikolaus , Werner Ralf 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Kompensation frequenzabhängiger Fehler, die in der Strommessung mit Messwiderständen durch parasitäre Einflüsse auftreten. Dazu werden die Amplituden- und Phasengänge unterschiedlicher Messwiderstände aus einem Versuchsstand gemessen und ausgewertet. Anhand dessen wird eine alternative Kompensationsmethode anstatt der Übertragungsfunktion des Ersatzschaltbildes eines Messwiderstandes entwickelt. Es erfolgt eine Verifizierung der Methode mit Hilfe eines Versuchsstandes zur Bestimmung der magnetischen Eigenschaften von Blechproben.
Tripartite Chromatin Localization of Budding Yeast Shugoshin Involves Higher-Ordered Architecture of Mitotic Chromosomes
Authors: Deng Xiexiong , Kuo Min-Hao 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is key to faithful segregation of chromosomes. One requirement that satisfies SAC is appropriate tension between sister chromatids at the metaphase-anaphase juncture. Proper tension generated by poleward pulling of mitotic spindles signals biorientation of the underlying chromosome. In the budding yeast, the tension status is monitored by the conserved Shugoshin protein, Sgo1p, and the tension sensing motif (TSM) of histone H3. ChIP-seq reveals a unique TSM-dependent, tripartite domain of Sgo1p in each mitotic chromosome. This domain consists of one centromeric and two flanking peaks 3 – 4 kb away, present exclusively in mitosis. Strikingly, this trident motif coincides with cohesin localization, but only at the centromere and the two immediate adjacent loci, despite that cohesin is enriched at numerous regions throughout mitotic chromosomes. Chromosome conformation capture assays reveal apparent looping at the centromeric and pericentric regions. The TSM-Sgo1p-cohesin triad is therefore at the center stage of higher-ordered chromatin architecture for error-free segregation.
Relationship Between Sequence Homology, Genome Architecture, and Meiotic Behavior of the Sex Chromosomes in North American Voles
Authors: Dumont Beth L , Williams Christina L , Ng Bee Ling , Horncastle Valerie , Chambers Carol L , McGraw Lisa A , Adams David , Mackay Trudy F C , Breen Matthew 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOn the heterogametic sex chromosomes, the homology-driven processes of pairing, recombination, and segregation are restricted to a short region of X/Y homology known as the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). Although failure of X/Y associations in most mammals...In most mammals, the X and Y chromosomes synapse and recombine along a conserved region of homology known as the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). These homology-driven interactions are required for meiotic progression and are essential for male fertility. Although the PAR fulfills key meiotic functions in most mammals, several exceptional species lack PAR-mediated sex chromosome associations at meiosis. Here, we leveraged the natural variation in meiotic sex chromosome programs present in North American voles (Microtus) to investigate the relationship between meiotic sex chromosome dynamics and X/Y sequence homology. To this end, we developed a novel, reference-blind computational method to analyze sparse sequencing data from flow-sorted X and Y chromosomes isolated from vole species with sex chromosomes that always (Microtus montanus), never (Microtus mogollonensis), and occasionally synapse (Microtus ochrogaster) at meiosis. Unexpectedly, we find more shared X/Y homology in the two vole species with no and sporadic X/Y synapsis compared to the species with obligate synapsis. Sex chromosome homology in the asynaptic and occasionally synaptic species is interspersed along chromosomes and largely restricted to low-complexity sequences, including a striking enrichment for the telomeric repeat sequence, TTAGGG. In contrast, homology is concentrated in high complexity, and presumably euchromatic, sequence on the X and Y chromosomes of the synaptic vole species, M. montanus. Taken together, our findings suggest key conditions required to sustain the standard program of X/Y synapsis at meiosis and reveal an intriguing connection between heterochromatic repeat architecture and noncanonical, asynaptic mechanisms of sex chromosome segregation in voles.
Placental Abruption and Child Mortality
Authors: Riihimäki Outi , Metsäranta Marjo , Paavonen Jorma , Luukkaala Tiina , Gissler Mika , Andersson Sture , Nuutila Mika , Tikkanen Minna 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Placental abruption causes asphyxia and leads to high perinatal mortality. Our objective was to study the overall mortality and causes of death among children born after placental abruption.METHODS:Data on children born from singleton pregnancies complicated by placental abruption between 1987 and 2005 were collected from the Finnish Medical Birth Register, the Hospital Discharge Register, and the Cause-of-Death Register. A reference group consisted of children born from pregnancies without placental abruption. After excluding stillbirths, the final study sample comprised 3888 children born after placental abruption (index children) and 12 530 referent children. The main outcome measure was overall mortality.RESULTS:By the end of 2013, there were 280 deaths among the index children and 107 deaths among the referent children. Compared with the referent children, the overall mortality among the index children was significantly increased (hazard ratio: 8.70; 95% confidence interval 6.96–10.90). During the neonatal period (0–27 days) the mortality was nearly 15-fold (14.8; 10.9–20.0), birth-related asphyxia being the leading cause of death (108; 34–341). The mortality remained high during days 28 to 365 (10.3; 4.83–21.8) and beyond 365 days (1.70; 1.03–2.79). Furthermore, the overall mortality was increased among the index children born at 32 to 36 + 6 gestational weeks (2.77; 1.54–4.98) and at ≥37 weeks (4.98; 3.54–6.99) and among children with a birth weight of 2500 g or more (5.94; 4.33–8.14).CONCLUSIONS:The impact of abruption on offspring mortality extends far beyond the perinatal period. This is mainly due to birth-related asphyxia and prematurity-related consequences.
PREDICTION OF PROBABILITY OF THE LONG TERM FATAL OUTCOME OF STROKE BY THE DATA OF TERRITORY AND POPULATIONAL REGISTRY
Authors: Klochikhina О. A. , Stakhovskaya L. V. , Polunina Е. A. 
Published: July 2018

Aim.To develop a prediction model of individual probability of long term (within first 28 days from the onset) outcome of stroke.Material and methods.By the method of territory-populational registry, in 2009-2016 in 16 regions of Russia, an analysis performed, of significant predictors of fatal stroke outcome. Overall, 50902 strokes registered in persons older 25 y. In 1553 there were no data on long term mortality. By the results of revealed significant predictors of the fatal outcome of stroke by LOTUS method, a tree-branching was done for development of probability of long term fatal outcome during the first 28 days from disease presentation.Results.The significant predictors were acquired, of the fatal outcome of stroke, and graded by odds ratio. Based on the definition of significant predictors of fatal outcome, first time a prediction model developed of probability of long term stroke fatal outcome taken heterogeneity and multifactorial nature of the disease. Clinical guidelines proposed.Conclusion.The developed prediction model of individual probability of long term stroke fatal outcome shows high level of sensitivity and specificity. Application of such model and of proposed clinical guidelines at various stages of patients management will facilitate diagnostical search, management strategy selection and improvement of prevention.
The Human FSGS-Causing ANLN R431C Mutation Induces Dysregulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR/Rac1 Signaling in Podocytes
Authors: Hall Gentzon , Lane Brandon M. , Khan Kamal , Pediaditakis Igor , Xiao Jianqiu , Wu Guanghong , Wang Liming , Kovalik Maria E. , Chryst-Stangl Megan , Davis Erica E. , Spurney Robert F. , Gbadegesin Rasheed A. 
Published: July 2018

Background
We previously reported that mutations in the anillin (ANLN) gene cause familial forms of FSGS. ANLN is an F-actin binding protein that modulates podocyte cell motility and interacts with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway through the slit diaphragm adaptor protein CD2-associated protein (CD2AP). However, it is unclear how the ANLN mutations cause the FSGS phenotype. We hypothesized that the R431C mutation exerts its pathogenic effects by uncoupling ANLN from CD2AP.

Methods
We conducted in vivo complementation assays in zebrafish to determine the effect of the previously identified missense ANLN variants, ANLNR431C
and ANLNG618C
during development. We also performed in vitro functional assays using human podocyte cell lines stably expressing wild-type ANLN (ANLNWT
) or ANLNR431C
.

Results
Experiments in anln-deficient zebrafish embryos showed a loss-of-function effect for each ANLN variant. In human podocyte lines, expression of ANLNR431C
increased cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. Biochemical characterization of ANLNR431C
-expressing podocytes revealed hyperactivation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/Rac1 signaling axis and activation of mTOR-driven endoplasmic reticulum stress in ANLNR431C
-expressing podocytes. Inhibition of mTOR, GSK-3β, Rac1, or calcineurin ameliorated the effects of ANLNR431C
. Additionally, inhibition of the calcineurin/NFAT pathway reduced the expression of endogenous ANLN and mTOR.

Conclusions
The ANLNR431C
mutation causes multiple derangements in podocyte function through hyperactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K/Rac1 signaling. Our findings suggest that the benefits of calcineurin inhibition in FSGS may be due, in part, to the suppression of ANLN and mTOR. Moreover, these studies illustrate that rational therapeutic targets for familial FSGS can be identified through biochemical characterization of dysregulated podocyte phenotypes.
Cracking the Crystal in STS: Marcelo Fetz Talks with Harry Collins
Authors: Fetz Marcelo , Collins Harry 
Published: July 2018

In this interview, Harry Collins and Marcelo Fetz discuss Collins’ early work on the importance of tacit knowledge in laboratory research, the revolutionary spirit of early Science and Technology Studies (STS) research, and his concerns about its current intellectual decline which he sees as a result of the popularity of Actor-Network Theory (ANT) approaches and an increasing focus on policy-relevant STS studies. Collins describes how, in the early years of STS, he was part of a group of social scientists, interested in the analysis of scientific knowledge and practices, who immersed themselves in particular research fields, and then used their familiarity with science to develop radical new approaches to the topic. For him, the “interactional expertise” developed in such encounters is a key research tool––STS’s most effective means of generating compelling new ways of understanding science and technology––which should not be abandoned in favor of alternative approaches. In his following reflection, Marcelo Fetz considers the unifying conditions that were needed to “crack the crystal of science,” and the later problems resulting from the institutionalization of STS.
Indonesian Marriage Law Reform: The Way To Strengthen The Protection of Children’s Rights Against Child Marriage
Authors: Prameswari Zendy Wulan Ayu Widhi , Agustin Erni 
Published: July 2018

The Act Number 1 Year 1974 on Marriage stipulates the minimum ages requirement to enter into a marriage, which are 19 years for men and 16 years for women. It is expected that at that ages, each party has a mature soul and physic to enter into a marriage life. However, it is possible for those who have not reached the age to enter into marriage if there is a dispensation granted by the courts or other official designated by the parents of each party in the marriage. In 2012, a judicial review was filed to the Constitutional Court against the provisions of the minimum age limit in the Act Number 1 Year 1974 on Marriage to raise the limit of minimum age for women from 16 to 18 years. However, the Constitutional Court considered the provisions is constitutional. Then in 2017, the same provision of Marriage Law is submitted for the second time by different applicant to be reviewed again by the Constitutional Court. On the other hand, Indonesia has participated in the formulation of a variety of international human rights instruments which have an impact on children, and is a party to a number of them, including the CRC and the CEDAW. This paper elaborates the stipulation on minimum age requirement to enter into marriage and the conformity of Indonesian Marriage Act to the principles and provisions on the international human rights instruments.

Keywords: Child Marriage, Children’s Rights, Indonesian Marriage Law, Minimum Ages
Asian Values and Human Rights: A Vietnamese Perspective
Authors: Huong Ngo Thi Minh , Vu Giao Cong , Nguyen Tam Minh 
Published: July 2018

This paper examines the impact of the ideology of ‘Asian Values' on the legal norms and practices that frame the recognition and protection of human rights in Vietnam. Specifically, the paper focusses on the extent to which Asian Values has been deployed to discourage the adoption of international human rights norms and practices in the context of Vietnam’s rapid economic development since the mid- 1980s. The paper first sketches the adoption of Asian Values in Vietnam’s politics and society. Cultural and political factors that have shaped the conception of human rights are reviewed. Human rights language and norms, as manifest in political ideologies, policies and laws are then analysed, with particular reference to the different versions of Vietnam’s Constitution. It is shown that both the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and the State of Vietnam have clearly articulated Asian Values in formulating their conceptions of human rights. This outcome is argued to result from the fact that Vietnamese political leaders, alike with Lee Kwan Yew in Singapore, the progenitor of Asian Rights, have been strongly influenced by Confucian ideals of governance. Confucianism is not, however, the only basis for political ideas in Vietnam. Although Vietnam is a market economy it remains a one- party state controlled by the CPV. The Marxist-Leninist principles on which the current State of Vietnam was based at its inception in 1975 remain intact. This ideology was however layered onto generations of collectivist principles embodied in the dominant agrarian society. The influence of Asian Values, on the recognition of and support for human rights in Vietnam has, however, been largely negative rather than positive, especially in relation to recognising civil and political rights as codified in universal human rights instruments. Thus, the protection and promotion of human rights in Vietnam, going forward, essentially mandates eliminating the influence of Asian Values in the ideology of political leaders and in the wider society.
Key words: Human rights, Asian Values, democracy, constitution, Communist Party, Vietnam