bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic disease in a dog with a well‐differentiated perianal gland tumor
Authors: McCourt Maggie R. , Levine Greg M. , Breshears Melanie A. , Wall Corey R. , Meinkoth James H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFine‐needle aspirates from a perianal mass on an 8‐year‐old, intact male, Miniature Poodle presenting for tenesmus showed a uniform population of well‐differentiated hepatoid cells with no notable criteria of malignancy. The cytologic diagnosis was a perianal gland tumor, with adenoma likely given the cytomorphology. The abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple, markedly enlarged, intra‐abdominal lymph nodes. LN aspirates also showed well‐differentiated polygonal, hepatoid cells displaying no notable cellular atypia. The presence of the metastasis led to the interpretation of a well‐differentiated, malignant perianal gland tumor despite the benign cellular appearance. Histopathology of the surgically excised perianal mass and one enlarged abdominal lymph node revealed lobules of uniform polygonal hepatoid cells arranged in organized islands and trabeculae surrounded by a single layer of uniform reserve cells. Few mitotic figures were present. The only histopathologic indication of malignancy within the primary mass was the presence of small islands of well‐differentiated hepatoid cells infiltrating into adjacent tissue and possible lymphatic invasion. The histopathologic diagnosis was perianal gland adenocarcinoma. Most textbooks describe perianal gland adenocarcinomas as showing increased cellular atypia including pleomorphism, disorganization of hepatoid cells, and increased numbers of pleomorphic reserve cells with mitotic figures. This case is an example of the occurrence of a well‐differentiated perianal gland tumor with metastasis and highlights the importance of realizing that with these tumors, a benign cytologic and histologic appearance may not correlate with biologic behavior. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case reporting both the cytologic and histologic appearance of a well‐differentiated metastatic hepatoid gland tumor.
Pharmacological interventions for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Sridharan Kannan , Sivaramakrishnan Gowri , Sequeira Reginald Paul , Elamin Abdelaziz 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimSeveral drugs have been used for treating non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The present study is a network meta-analysis of such drugs.Design, setting and patientsRandomised clinical trials comparing drug interventions in patients with NAFLD were analysed. OR and weighted mean difference (95 % CI) were the effect estimates for categorical and numerical outcomes, respectively. Random-effects model was used to generate pooled estimates. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve was used to rank the treatments.Main outcome measuresProportion of responders was the primary outcome measure and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis scores, liver enzymes, lipid profile, body mass index, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, intrahepatic fat and adverse events were the key secondary outcomes.Results116 studies were included in the systematic review and 106 in the meta-analysis. Elafibranor, gemfibrozil, metadoxine, obeticholic acid, pentoxifylline, pioglitazone, probiotics, telmisartan, vildagliptin and vitamin E significantly increased the response rate than standard of care. Various other drugs were observed to modify the secondary outcomes favourably. Probiotics was found with a better response in children; and elafibranor, obeticholic acid, pentoxifylline and pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The quality of evidence observed was either low or very low.ConclusionIn patients with NAFLD, several drugs have been shown to have variable therapeutic benefit. However, the estimates and the inferences should be considered with extreme caution as it might change with the advent of future head-to-head clinical trials.
Association between serum amyloid A levels and cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhou Jielin , Sheng Jie , Fan Yong , Zhu Xingmeng , Tao Qi , He Yue , Wang Sufang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveIncreased serum amyloid A (SAA) levels have been investigated in various human malignancies, but a consistent perspective has not been established to date. This study systematically reviewed the association between SAA levels and cancers.MethodsCochrane Library, PubMed and Embase were carefully searched for available studies. The following keywords were used in database searches: ‘serum amyloid A’, ‘SAA’, ‘cancer’, ‘tumour’, ‘carcinoma’, ‘nubble’, ‘knurl’ and ‘lump’. Pooled standard mean differences (SMDs) with corresponding 95% CIs were calculated using random-effects model analysis.ResultsTwenty studies, which contained 3682 cancer cases and 2424 healthy controls, were identified in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Our study suggested that the average SAA concentrations in the case groups were significantly higher than those in control groups (SMD 0.77, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.00, p&lt;0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that continent, age and cancer location were associated with SAA level differences between case groups and control groups. Sensitivity analyses showed the robustness and credibility of our results. In addition, we further stratified analyses for cancer stages and found that the concentrations of SAA increased gradually with the aggravation of cancer stages.ConclusionHigh circulating SAA levels were markedly associated with the developing risks of cancer, especially for participants from Asia, Oceania and Europe, or subject age more than 50, or locations in oesophageal squamous cell, ovarian, breast, lung, renal and gastric cancers. In addition, our study found that the concentrations of SAA increased with the severity of cancer stages.
Analysis of the Global Microwave Polarization Data of Clouds
Authors: Zeng Xiping , Skofronick-Jackson Gail , Tian Lin , Emory Amber E. , Olson William S. , Kroodsma Rachael A. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Information about the characteristics of ice particles in clouds is necessary for improving our understanding of the states, processes, and subsequent modeling of clouds and precipitation for numerical weather prediction and climate analysis. Two NASA passive microwave radiometers, the satellite-borne Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI) and the aircraft-borne Conical Scanning Millimeter-Wave Imaging Radiometer (CoSMIR), measure vertically and horizontally polarized microwaves emitted by clouds (including precipitating particles) and Earth’s surface below. In this paper, GMI (or CoSMIR) data are analyzed with CloudSat (or aircraft-borne radar) data to find polarized difference (PD) signals not affected by the surface, thereby obtaining the information on ice particles. Statistical analysis of 4 years of GMI and CloudSat data, for the first time, reveals that optically thick clouds contribute positively to GMI PD at 166 GHz over all the latitudes and their positive magnitude of 166-GHz GMI PD varies little with latitude. This result suggests that horizontally oriented ice crystals in thick clouds are common from the tropics to high latitudes, which contrasts the result of Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) that horizontally oriented ice crystals are rare in optically thin ice clouds.
Ethical decision-making levels of oncology nurses
Authors: Baysal Ebru , Sari Dilek , Erdem Hatice 
Published: October 2018

Aim: This study was carried out in order to determine ethical decision-making levels of oncology nurses. Ethical Consideration: Research Ethics Committee's approval was obtained prior to the data collection. Permission to use the Turkish version of the Nursing Dilemma Test was received from Birgül Cerit. Written approval was taken from school administrators to conduct the study confirming that there were no invasive procedures planned for human beings during the study period. The study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Verbal consent was obtained from each of the nurses who agreed to participate after they were informed about the study content. Method: The population of this study conducted in a descriptive way consisted of a total of 96 nurses working at the oncology units and outpatient chemotherapy units of four different hospitals between September 2017 and March 2018. The study sample included 60 nurses who responded to the question form. The data of the study were collected using “Nurses Information Questionnaire” and “Nursing Dilemma Test” developed by Crisham in 1981. Results: Oncology nurses’ mean scores in Principled Thinking (49.00 ± 6.46) and those in Practical Considerations (18.35 ± 4.47) were found to be above the moderate level. It was determined that the oncology nurses participated in the study were familiar with situations similar to the dilemmas included in the Nursing Dilemma Test (15.00 ± 4.20). Conclusion: It was concluded that oncology nurses try to take ethical principles into consideration but are also affected by environmental factors while making decisions concerning ethical dilemmas. The most frequently encountered ethical dilemmas by oncology nurses include the following: deciding not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation, telling the truth to the patient, studies being carried out without the patient’s content, and patient’s refusal of treatment. In order to improve oncology nurses’ critical thinking and ethical decision-making skills, it is important to determine ethical dilemmas encountered by oncology nurses, and nurses should be encouraged to be involved in ethical decision-making process through cooperation with the other healthcare personnel.
Volatility Dynamics in the ASEAN– China Free Trade Agreement
Authors: Diaz John Francis T. 
Published: October 2018

This study used three multivariate general autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity models to analyze the volatility dynamics in the ASEAN–China Free Trade Agreement. Results indicated the presence of long-run persistence, wherein shocks in China’s stock market affect other ASEAN stock indices in the long term. Further tests revealed the presence of time-varying correlations, suggesting dynamic models, such as the dynamic conditional correlations model, are appropriate. The Baba, Engle, Kraft, and Kroner model determined that the conditional covariances of the Chinese and ASEAN indices are functions of their lagged covariances, further proving that China’s stock volatilities impact the volatilities of ASEAN counterparts. JEL Classification: C58, G15
Evaluation of Hybrid Arc and Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy Treatment Plans for Fractionated Stereotactic Intracranial Radiotherapy
Authors: Li Jun , To David , Gunn Vickie , Shi Wenyin , Yu Yan , Liu Haisong 
Published: October 2018

Purpose: The study was aimed to compare hybrid arc and volumetric-modulated arc therapy treatment plans for fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy of brain tumors. Methods: Treatment plans of 22 patients were studied. Hybrid arc and volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans were generated using Brainlab iPlanDose and Varian Eclipse treatment planning systems, respectively, with 6 MV photon beams on a Varian TrueBeam STx linear accelerator (Palo Alto, CA). Prescription dose was 54 Gy. The fractionation was 1.8 Gy per fraction and 30 fractions in total, or 2 Gy per fraction and 27 fractions in total. Planning target volume ranged from 2.4 to 28.6 cm3. Dose conformity index, gradient index, homogeneity index, and maximum doses in organs at risk were compared. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine statistical significance in paired comparison. Results: Conformity indexes of hybrid arc and volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans are 1.10 ± 0.10 and 1.14 ± 0.07, respectively ( P = .4); gradient indexes are 5.02 ± 1.20 and 5.64 ± 1.28, respectively ( P = .0001); homogeneity indexes are 1.02 ± 0.01 and 1.05 ± 0.01, respectively ( P = .0001); brainstem maximum doses are 53.87 ± 1.63 Gy and 54.06 ± 3.17 Gy, respectively ( P = .1); and optic chiasm maximum doses are 53.86 ± 1.28 Gy and 53.95 ± 1.81, respectively ( P = .4). The monitor unit efficiencies of hybrid arc and volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans are 2.57 ± 0.25 MU/cGy and 2.68 ± 0.24 MU/cGy, respectively ( P = .2). The differences of conformity index, gradient index, and homogeneity index between hybrid arc and volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans are small: 0.08 ± 0.05, 0.65 ± 0.46, and 0.02 ± 0.01, respectively. The maximum doses in organs at risks are similar between hybrid arc and volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans. Hybrid arc and volumetric-modulated arc therapy plans, which have similar monitor unit efficiencies, present similar dosimetric results in the fractionated intracranial radiotherapy.
‘If you can’t see a dilemma in this situation you should probably regard it as a warning’: a metasynthesis and theoretical modelling of general practitioners’ opioid prescription experiences in primary care
Authors: Kennedy Mary-Claire , Pallotti Phoebe , Dickinson Rebecca , Harley Clare 
Published: October 2018

Introduction: The prescribing of opioids has increased internationally in developed countries in recent decades within primary and secondary care. The majority of patients with chronic non-malignant pain (CNMP) are managed by their general practitioner (GP). Recent qualitative studies have examined the issue of opioid prescribing for CNMP from a GP viewpoint. The aim of this study is to identify and synthesise the qualitative literature describing the factors influencing the nature and extent of opioid prescribing by GPs for patients with CNMP in primary care. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Database, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, CINAHL and Web of Science were systematically searched from January 1986 to February 2018. The full text of included articles was reviewed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) tool for qualitative research. The papers were coded by two researchers and themes organised using Thematic Network Analysis. Themes were constructed in a hierarchical manner, basic themes informed organising themes which informed global themes. A theoretical model was derived using global themes to explain the interplay between factors influencing opioid prescribing decisions. Results: From 7020 records, 21 full text papers were assessed, and 13 studies included in the synthesis; 9 were from the United States, 3 from the United Kingdom and 1 from Canada. Four global themes emerged: suspicion, risk, agreement and encompassing systems level factors. These global themes are inter-related and capture the complex decision-making processes underlying opioid prescribing whereby the physician both consciously and unconsciously quantifies the risk–benefit relationship associated with initiating or continuing an opioid prescription. Conclusion: Recognising the inherent complexity of opioid prescribing and the limitations of healthcare systems is crucial to developing opioid stewardship strategies to combat the rise in opioid prescription morbidity and mortality.
Ex vivo human HSC expansion requires coordination of cellular reprogramming with mitochondrial remodeling and p53 activation
Authors: Papa Luena , Zimran Eran , Djedaini Mansour , Ge Yongchao , Ozbek Umut , Sebra Robert , Sealfon Stuart C. , Hoffman Ronald 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The limited number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in umbilical cord blood (UCB) units restricts their use for stem cell transplantation. Ex vivo treatment of UCB-CD34+ cells with valproic acid (VPA) increases the number of transplantable HSCs. In this study, we demonstrate that HSC expansion is not merely a result of proliferation of the existing stem cells but, rather, a result of a rapid reprogramming of CD34+CD90− cells into CD34+CD90+ cells, which is accompanied by limited numbers of cell divisions. Beyond this phenotypic switch, the treated cells acquire and retain a transcriptomic and mitochondrial profile, reminiscent of primary HSCs. Single and bulk RNA-seq revealed a signature highly enriched for transcripts characteristic of primary HSCs. The acquisition of this HSC signature is linked to mitochondrial remodeling accompanied by a reduced activity and enhanced glycolytic potential. These events act in concert with a modest upregulation of p53 activity to limit the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Inhibition of either glycolysis or p53 activity impairs HSC expansion. This study indicates that a complex interplay of events is required for effective ex vivo expansion of UCB-HSCs.
Therapeutic Approach to Young Patients With Low-Risk Essential Thrombocythemia: Primum Non Nocere
Authors: Masarova Lucia , Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: October 2018

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 51-year-old woman was diagnosed with essential thrombocythemia (ET) the previous year (April 2016) when she was incidentally found to have increased platelets (747 × 109/L) during a yearly physical examination. Her past medical history was significant only for mild hypertension, which was well controlled with a low dose of a β-blocker. There was no history of thromboembolic events. A JAK2V617F mutation was detected in her peripheral blood. A repeated platelet count 1 month later showed increased platelets of 871 × 109/L and she began hydroxyurea. One year later, she presented to our clinic with a white cell count of 8.9 × 109/L, hemoglobin 14 g/dL, and platelets 846 ×109/L while receiving hydroxyurea 500 mg one day alternating with 1000 mg the next day and aspirin 81 mg once per day. The differential as well as other laboratory findings were within normal limits. She had chronic mild to moderate itching, but otherwise denied symptoms referable to ET. Her physical examination was notable for the absence of palpable hepatosplenomegaly. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed normocellular marrow with hyperplastic megakaryocytes in clusters, no reticulin fibrosis, and 2% blasts, compatible with ET. Molecular testing confirmed JAK2V617F mutations at a variant allele frequency of 12% without any other mutations (81-gene panel), and her karyotype was diploid. She visited the clinic to discuss the next steps in her treatment.
GATA transcription factors in development and disease
Authors: Tremblay Mathieu , Sanchez-Ferras Oraly , Bouchard Maxime 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The GATA family of transcription factors is of crucial importance during embryonic development, playing complex and widespread roles in cell fate decisions and tissue morphogenesis. GATA proteins are essential for the development of tissues derived from all three germ layers, including the skin, brain, gonads, liver, hematopoietic, cardiovascular and urogenital systems. The crucial activity of GATA factors is underscored by the fact that inactivating mutations in most GATA members lead to embryonic lethality in mouse models and are often associated with developmental diseases in humans. In this Primer, we discuss the unique and redundant functions of GATA proteins in tissue morphogenesis, with an emphasis on their regulation of lineage specification and early organogenesis.
Beyond the Last Touch: Attribution in Online Advertising
Authors: Berman Ron 
Published: October 2018

Online advertisers often utilize multiple publishers to deliver ads to multihoming consumers. These ads often generate externalities and their exposure is uncertain, impacting advertising effectiveness across publishers. We analyze the inefficiencies created by externalities and uncertainty when information is symmetric between advertisers and publishers, in contrast to most previous research that assumes information asymmetry. Although these inefficiencies cannot be resolved through publisher-side actions, attribution methods that measure campaign uncertainty can serve as alternative solutions to help advertisers adjust their strategies. Attribution creates a virtual competition between publishers, resulting in a team compensation problem. The equilibrium may potentially increase the aggressiveness of advertiser bidding, leading to increased advertiser profits. The popular last-touch method is shown to overincentivize ad exposures, often resulting in lower advertiser profits. The Shapley value achieves an increase in profits compared with the last-touch method. Popular publishers and those that appear early in the conversion funnel benefit the most from advertisers using last-touch attribution. The increase in advertiser profits comes at the expense of total publisher profits and often results in decreased ad allocation efficiency. We also find that the prices paid in the market will decrease when more sophisticated attribution methods are adopted. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1104 .
Phyloproteomic and functional analyses do not support the split of the genus Borrelia(phylum Spirochaetes).
Authors: Estrada Peña Agustín , Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro 
Published: October 2018

Background: The evolutionary history of a species is frequently derived from molecular sequences, and the resulting phylogenetic trees do not include explicit functional information. Here, we aimed to assess the functional relationships among bacteria in the Spirochaetes phylum, based on the biological processes of 42,489 proteins in reference proteomes of 34 Spirochaetes species. We tested the hypothesis that the species in the genus
Borreliamight be sufficiently different to warrant splitting them into two separate genera.
Results: A detrended canonical analysis demonstrated that the presence/absence of biological processesamong selected bacteria contained a strong phylogenetic signal, which did not separate species of
Borrelia. We examined the ten biological processes in which most proteins were involved consistently. This analysis demonstrated that species in
Borreliawere more similar to each other than to free-life species (
Sediminispirochaeta,
Spirochaeta,
Sphaerochaeta) or to pathogenic species without vectors (
Leptospira,
Treponema, Brachyspira), which are highly divergent. A dendrogram based on the presence/absence of proteins in the reference proteomes demonstrated that distances between species of the same genus among free-life or pathogenic non-vector species were higher than the distances between the 19 species (27 strains) of
Borrelia. A phyloproteomic network supported the close functional association between species of
Borrelia. In the proteome of 27 strains of
Borrelia,only a few proteins had evolved separately, in the relapsing fever and Lyme borreliosis groups. The most prominent
Borreliaproteins and processes were a subset of those also found in free-living and non-vectored pathogenic species. In addition, the functional innovation (i.e., unique biological processes or proteins) of
Borreliawas very low, compared to other genera of Spirochaetes.
Conclusions: We found only marginal functional differences among
Borreliaspecies. Phyloproteomic networks that included all pairwise combinations between species, proteins, and processes were more effective than other methods for evaluating the evolutionary relationships among taxa. With the limitations of data availability, our results did not support a split of the arthropod-transmitted spirochaetes into the proposed genera,
Borreliaand
Borreliella.