bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue engineering strategies combining molecular targets against inflammation and fibrosis, and umbilical cord blood stem cells to improve hampered muscle and skin regeneration following cleft repair
Authors: Schreurs Michaël , Suttorp C. Maarten , Mutsaers Henricus A.M , Kuijpers‐Jagtman Anne Marie , Von den Hoff Johannes W. , Ongkosuwito Edwin M. , Carvajal Monroy Paola L. , Wagener Frank A.D.T.G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCleft lip with or without cleft palate is a congenital deformity that occurs in about 1 of 700 newborns, affecting the dentition, bone, skin, muscles and mucosa in the orofacial region. A cleft can give rise to problems with maxillofacial growth, dental development, speech, and eating, and can also cause hearing impairment. Surgical repair of the lip may lead to impaired regeneration of muscle and skin, fibrosis, and scar formation. This may result in hampered facial growth and dental development affecting oral function and lip and nose esthetics. Therefore, secondary surgery to correct the scar is often indicated. We will discuss the molecular and cellular pathways involved in facial and lip myogenesis, muscle anatomy in the normal and cleft lip, and complications following surgery. The aim of this review is to outline a novel molecular and cellular strategy to improve musculature and skin regeneration and to reduce scar formation following cleft repair. Orofacial clefting can be diagnosed in the fetus through prenatal ultrasound screening and allows planning for the harvesting of umbilical cord blood stem cells upon birth. Tissue engineering techniques using these cord blood stem cells and molecular targeting of inflammation and fibrosis during surgery may promote tissue regeneration. We expect that this novel strategy improves both muscle and skin regeneration, resulting in better function and esthetics after cleft repair.
Quality‐based compositing of weather radar derived precipitation
Authors: Jurczyk Anna , Szturc Jan , Ośródka Katarzyna 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe paper is focused on the problem of weather radar precipitation compositing and aims to produce the data for the whole measurement domain in a way that ensures the quality of the composite is as high as possible. This is achieved by employing information about the data quality in the form of a quality index (QI) map. Different techniques that take the QI values as the compositing criterion are investigated; they apply the maximum or the weighted mean from particular radars. The proposed method employs a combination of the QI value and the distance from the radar site as a criterion in a weighted mean approach. Different versions of the quality‐based techniques are compared with standard techniques that are based on the maximum of estimated precipitation and distance from the nearest radar site. Verification of the techniques was performed employing statistical metrics by comparison against rain gauge observations. Moreover qualitative verification with assessment of seamlessness and the presence of contamination was carried out on long‐term accumulations of the composites generated by means of different methods. The proposed method based on QI value and distance from the radar site was found to be the most suitable for radar precipitation compositing.
Somatic mosaicism by a de novo MLH1 mutation as a cause of Lynch syndrome
Authors: Geurts‐Giele Willemina R. , Rosenberg Efraim H. , Rens Anja van , Leerdam Monique E. van , Dinjens Winand N. , Bleeker Fonnet E. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundLynch syndrome (LS) is caused by germline mismatch repair (MMR) gene mutations. De novo MMR gene mutations are rare, and somatic mosaicism in LS is thought to be infrequent. We describe the first case of somatic mosaicism by a de novo MLH1 mutation for a patient diagnosed with a rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma at age 31.MethodsTwelve years after initial colorectal cancer diagnosis, tumor tissue of the patient was tested with sensitive next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis for the presence of somatic MMR mutations.ResultsIn tumor tissue, an inactivating MLH1 mutation (c.518_519del; p.(Tyr173Trpfs*18)) was detected, which was also present at low level in the blood of the patient. In both parents, as well as the patient's sisters, the mutation was not present.ConclusionWe show that low‐level mosaicism can be detected by using high‐coverage targeted NGS panels on constitutional and/or tumor DNA. This report illustrates that by using sensitive sequencing techniques, more cases of genetic diseases driven by mosaic mutations may be identified, with important clinical consequences for patients and family members.
Families of patients in ICU: A Scoping review of their needs and satisfaction with care
Authors: Scott Pamela , Thomson Patricia , Shepherd Ashley 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimTo describe published literature on the needs and experiences of family members of adults admitted to intensive care and interventions to improve family satisfaction and psychological well‐being and health.DesignScoping review.MethodsSeveral selective databases were searched. English‐language articles were retrieved, and data extracted on study design, sample size, sample characteristics and outcomes measured.ResultsFrom 469 references, 43 studies were identified for inclusion. Four key themes were identified: (a) Different perspectives on meeting family needs; (b) Family satisfaction with care in intensive care; (c) Factors having an impact on family health and well‐being and their capacity to cope; and (d) Psychosocial interventions. Unmet informational and assurance needs have an impact on family satisfaction and mental health. Structured written and oral information shows some effect in improving satisfaction and reducing psychological burden. Future research might include family in the design of interventions, provide details of the implementation process and have clearly identified outcomes.
Socioeconomic disparities of depressive symptoms and cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Hoyee H. , Kamarck Thomas W. , Gianaros Peter J. , Roecklein Kathryn A. , Vanegas Yanet , Tsung Allan , Geller David A. , Marsh James W. , Ahmed Nadia S. , Steel Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the associations among socioeconomic factors, depressive symptoms, and cytokines in patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsA total of 266 patients diagnosed with HCC were administered a battery of questionnaires including a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic StudiesDepression (CES‐D) scale. Blood samples were collected to assess serum levels of cytokines using Luminex. Descriptive statistics, Mann‐Whitney U, Kruskal‐Wallis, linear regression, and Bonferroni corrections were performed to test the hypotheses.ResultsOf the 266 patients, 24% reported depressive symptoms in the clinical range (CES‐D ≥ 22). Females had higher CES‐D score than males (Mann‐Whitney U = 7135, P = .014, Padj = .028). Being unemployed/disabled (Kruskal‐Wallis = 14.732, P = .001, Padj = .005) was found to be associated with higher depressive symptoms in males but not in females. Serum level of IL‐2 (Kruskal‐Wallis = 17.261, P = .001, Padj = .005) were found to be negatively associated with education level. Gender (β = .177, P = .035), income (β = −.252, P = .004), whether the patient's income met their basic needs (β = .180, P = .035), and IL‐1β (β = −.165, P = .045) independently predicted depressive symptoms and together explained 19.4% of variance associated with depressive symptoms.ConclusionsSociodemographic and socioeconomic factors were predictive of inflammation and depressive symptoms. Recommendations include the development of gender‐targeted interventions for patients diagnosed with HCC who have low socioeconomic status (SES) and may suffer from depressive symptoms.
Increased EZH2 expression in prostate cancer is associated with metastatic recurrence following external beam radiotherapy
Authors: Wu Xiaoning , Scott Helen , Carlsson Sigrid V. , Sjoberg Daniel D. , Cerundolo Lucia , Lilja Hans , Prevo Remko , Rieunier Guillaume , Macaulay Valentine , Higgins Geoffrey S. , Verrill Clare L. , Lamb Alastair D. , Cunliffe Vincent T. , Bountra Chas , Hamdy Freddie C. , Bryant Richard J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundEnhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) promotes prostate cancer progression. We hypothesized that increased EZH2 expression is associated with postradiotherapy metastatic disease recurrence, and may promote radioresistance.MethodsEZH2 expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry in diagnostic prostate biopsies of 113 prostate cancer patients treated with radiotherapy with curative intent. Associations between EZH2 expression in malignant and benign tissue in prostate biopsy cores and outcomes were investigated using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. LNCaP and PC3 cell radiosensitivity was investigated using colony formation and γH2AX assays following UNC1999 chemical probe‐mediated EZH2 inhibition.ResultsWhile there was no significant association between EZH2 expression and biochemical recurrence following radiotherapy, univariate analysis revealed that prostate cancer cytoplasmic and total EZH2 expression were significantly associated with metastasis development postradiotherapy (P = 0.034 and P = 0.003, respectively). On multivariate analysis, the prostate cancer total EZH2 expression score remained statistically significant (P = 0.003), while cytoplasmic EZH2 expression did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.053). No association was observed between normal adjacent prostate EZH2 expression and biochemical recurrence or metastasis. LNCaP and PC3 cell treatment with UNC1999 reduced histone H3 lysine 27 tri‐methylation levels. Irradiation of LNCaP or PC3 cells with a single 2 Gy fraction with UNC1999‐mediated EZH2 inhibition resulted in a statistically significant, though modest, reduction in cell colony number for both cell lines. Increased γH2AX foci were observed 24 hours after ionizing irradiation in LNCaP cells, but not in PC3, following UNC1999‐mediated EZH2 inhibition vs controls.ConclusionsTaken together, these results reveal that high pretreatment EZH2 expression in prostate cancer in diagnostic biopsies is associated with an increased risk of postradiotherapy metastatic disease recurrence, but EZH2 function may only at most play a modest role in promoting prostate cancer cell radioresistance.
IL‐8 protects prostate cancer cells from GSK‐3β‐induced oxidative stress by activating the mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Sun Yi , Ai Jian‐Zhong , Jin Xi , Liu Liang‐Ren , Lin Tian‐Hai , Xu Hang , Wei Qiang , Yang Lu 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionBoth oxidative stress and inflammation play important roles in prostate cancer cell apoptosis or proliferation; however, the mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. Thus, we selected interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) as the bridge between inflammation and cancer cell oxidative stress‐induced death and aimed to confirm its connection with mTOR and Glycogen synthase kinase‐3 beta (GSK‐3β).MethodsWe overexpressed GSK‐3β and observed its effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress‐induced cell death. IL‐8 was then upregulated or downregulated to determine its impact on preventing cell damage due to GSK‐3β‐induced oxidative stress. In addition, we overexpressed or knocked down mTOR to confirm its role in this process. Real‐time PCR, Western blotting, transcription, Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK‐8), and flow cytometry analyses were performed in addition to the use of other techniques.ResultsIL‐8 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation and decreases apoptosis, whereas GSK‐3β activates the caspase‐3 signaling pathway by increasing ROS and thereby induces oxidative stress‐mediated cell death. In addition, mTOR can also decrease activation of the caspase‐3 signaling pathway by inhibiting GSK‐3 and thus decreasing ROS production. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of IL‐8 on GSK‐3β occurs through the regulation of mTOR.ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the importance of GSK‐3β, which increases the production of ROS and thereby induces oxidative stress in tumor cells, whereas IL‐8 and mTOR attenuate oxidative stress to protect prostate cancer cells through inhibition of GSK‐3β.
Multiple fungus balls in a patient with chronic pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Nakamoto Keitaro , Sasaki Yuka , Uchiyama Takashi , Ohta Ken 
Published: May 2019

Key messageTypically, radiological examination in chronic pulmonary aspergillosis reveals cavities with fungus balls within the upper lobes. This case showed that multiple fungus balls can also be present in the lower lobes.
Effects of bed slope on the flow field of vertical slot fishways
Authors: Quaranta Emanuele , Katopodis Christos , Comoglio Claudio 
Published: May 2019

AbstractVertical slot fishways (VSFs) are the most efficient and least selective typology of technical fish passage, due to their ability to remain effective even when significant upstream and/or downstream water level fluctuations occur. Fishway construction costs can be reduced by increasing its bed slope, but this affects the flow field inside the pools, with higher head drops between the basins, as well as turbulence levels and flow velocities, which may affect fish passage. In light of this, a VSF was investigated by 3D numerical simulations to identify the possible effects of the bed slope (using values from 1.67% to 10%) on the flow field and subsequent implications for fish passage. A particular focus was devoted to cyprinind species, but the results can be extended to other species of similar swimming abilities and, therefore, be applicable to multispecies rivers. Flow velocity and turbulence values such as turbulent kinetic energy and Reynolds stresses were analysed from a fish passage perspective in relation to threshold values derived from previous studies. Pool areas where turbulence values are compatible with fish ability and behaviour were quantified. Maps of the location of fish‐friendly zones in the VSF pools were produced and can constitute a reference for practical applications in fishway design. The flow field generated with bed slopes lower than 6.67% is more compatible with fish swimming capabilities, because it exhibits a predominantly 2D behaviour and more suitable hydraulic conditions, whereas at higher slopes, turbulence levels in the pools increase.
Teaching Bilingual Learners: Effects of a Language‐Based Reading Intervention on Academic Language and Reading Comprehension in Grades 4 and 5
Authors: Proctor C. Patrick , Silverman Rebecca D. , Harring Jeffrey R. , Jones Renata Love , Hartranft Anna M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractStudents are expected to comprehend and produce increasingly complex texts in upper elementary school, and academic language and literacy skills are considered critical to meeting these expectations. Notions of academic language are also controversial and require careful deliberation when applied to traditionally minoritized populations, including bilingual learners who negotiate more than one language in their daily lives and have varied linguistic repertoires. In the present study, the authors report on a quasi‐experimental field trial of a theoretically grounded and language‐based reading intervention framed around language components (semantics, syntax, and morphology), language functions, discussion, and reading comprehension. A sample of 239 Portuguese–English and Spanish–English bilingual students in grades 4 and 5 worked in small instructional groups to explore language, apply reading strategies, and discuss and write about big ideas in text. Half of the students were assigned to the intervention group (n = 119) and the other half (n = 120) to a business‐as‐usual control group. Classroom teachers (n = 12) and specialists (n = 10) implemented the intervention with small groups of four to six students. Results showed practically meaningful effects of the intervention on standardized measures of both academic language (Hedges’sg = 0.248) and reading comprehension (Hedges’sg = 0.166), with implications for theory, research, and classroom practice.
Results from Phase I Clinical Trial with Intraspinal Injection of Neural Stem Cells in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Long-Term Outcome
Authors: Mazzini Letizia , Gelati Maurizio , Profico Daniela Celeste , Sorarù Gianni , Ferrari Daniela , Copetti Massimiliano , Muzi Gianmarco , Ricciolini Claudia , Carletti Sandro , Giorgi Cesare , Spera Cristina , Frondizi Domenico , Masiero Stefano , Stecco Alessandro , Cisari Carlo , Bersano Enrica , De Marchi Fabiola , Sarnelli Maria Francesca , Querin Giorgia , Cantello Roberto , Petruzzelli Francesco , Maglione Annamaria , Zalfa Cristina , Binda Elena , Visioli Alberto , Trombetta Domenico , Torres Barbara , Bernardini Laura , Gaiani Alessandra , Massara Maurilio , Paolucci Silvia , Boulis Nicholas M. , Vescovi Angelo L. ,   on behalf of the ALS-NSCs Trial Study Group
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The main objective of this phase I trial was to assess the feasibility and safety of microtransplanting human neural stem cell (hNSC) lines into the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Eighteen patients with a definite diagnosis of ALS received microinjections of hNSCs into the gray matter tracts of the lumbar or cervical spinal cord. Patients were monitored before and after transplantation by clinical, psychological, neuroradiological, and neurophysiological assessment. For up to 60 months after surgery, none of the patients manifested severe adverse effects or increased disease progression because of the treatment. Eleven patients died, and two underwent tracheotomy as a result of the natural history of the disease. We detected a transitory decrease in progression of ALS Functional Rating Scale Revised, starting within the first month after surgery and up to 4 months after transplantation. Our results show that transplantation of hNSC is a safe procedure that causes no major deleterious effects over the short or long term. This study is the first example of medical transplantation of a highly standardized cell drug product, which can be reproducibly and stably expanded ex vivo, comprising hNSC that are not immortalized, and are derived from the forebrain of the same two donors throughout this entire study as well as across future trials. Our experimental design provides benefits in terms of enhancing both intra- and interstudy reproducibility and homogeneity. Given the potential therapeutic effects of the hNSCs, our observations support undertaking future phase II clinical studies in which increased cell dosages are studied in larger cohorts of patients. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:887–897
Six Key Principles: Bridging Students’ Career Dreams and Literacy Standards
Authors: Albro Jennifer , Turner Jennifer D. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractCollege and career readiness has become a top priority for elementary schools. Skills‐focused approaches often are the sole method of preparing students for their postsecondary futures, which can overshadow the identities that students bring to the classroom. In contrast, the authors adopted an identity‐centered approach to literacy instruction using students’ career dreams as a focal point by implementing a standards‐aligned career exploration unit for students in grades 3–6. The authors share the six multimodal instructional principles that they generated to support upper elementary students’ literacy skill development while focusing on their career aspirations and identities.
Planning for ecological drought: Integrating ecosystem services and vulnerability assessment
Authors: Raheem Nejem , Cravens Amanda E. , Cross Molly S. , Crausbay Shelley , Ramirez Aaron , McEvoy Jamie , Zoanni Dionne , Bathke Deborah J. , Hayes Michael , Carter Shawn , Rubenstein Madeleine , Schwend Ann , Hall Kimberly , Suberu Paul 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAs research recognizes the importance of ecological impacts of drought to natural and human communities, drought planning processes need to better incorporate ecological impacts. Drought planning currently recognizes the vulnerability of some ecological impacts from drought (e.g., loss of instream flow affecting fish populations). However, planning often does not identify all the ecological aspects in a landscape that stakeholders value, nor does it examine the extent to which those aspects are vulnerable to drought. One approach for identifying ecological aspects is ecosystem services (ES)—that is, the benefits humans receive from nature. To incorporate ecological impacts into drought planning in the Upper Missouri Headwaters (UMH) region (Montana, USA), we combined ES elicitation using the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services and a vulnerability assessment using semi‐structured interviews. We juxtaposed results from the interviews and the ES elicitation to assess which ES might be vulnerable to drought and which impacts from interviews were associated with losses of ES. While both methods suggested common drought vulnerabilities, each method also suggested drought vulnerabilities not reported using the other method. The ES elicitation produced more detail about services present in the UMH ecosystem today while interviews resulted in more discussion about ecological transformation from future droughts. Results suggest that some combination of open‐ended vulnerability assessment methods and ES elicitation using a structured framework can result in greater understanding of ecological drought vulnerability in a given region.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Water and Life > Methods
Engineering Water > Planning Water
The role of information sharing on decision delay during multiteam disaster response
Authors: Waring Sara , Alison Laurence , Shortland Neil , Humann Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultiteam systems (MTSs) are comprised of two or more interconnected teams working toward shared superordinate goals but with unique sub-goals. To date, research has predominantly focused on how decisions are made and has viewed these cognitive processes as occurring within individuals. However, for MTSs operating in extreme environments such as disasters, it is often not a question of how decisions are made, but what is causing delays and failures to make decisions. To understand the causes of decision delay within these complex networks, it is important to focus on decision processes at the multiteam level. Using naturalistic observational and interview data collected during a multi-site, multiteam emergency response to a large-scale disaster exercise, this study examines both information sharing (what was shared, with whom, how long this took), and decision processes across teams (situational awareness—SA, plan formulation, and plan execution). Findings demonstrate that interdependencies in cognitive processes exist across individuals where goals overlap. Decision delay is not only caused by failure to develop SA within a team preventing their ability to formulate and execute plans but also by the inability of other teams to execute their plans. The implications of these findings for developing targeted interventions are discussed.