bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Contributions of North Carolina, United States, Forest-Sector Foreign Exports: An Export-Chain Perspective
Authors: Mcconnell T Eric , Altizer Clayton B 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
North Carolina forest-sector foreign exports were quantified by applying an origin-of-production methodology that awarded the state a portion of national export value corresponding to its share of a US forest industry. A US$1.945 billion North Carolina forest export chain (FEC) was identified, producing forest industries, wholesalers, transporters, and port authorities. Contributions of the FEC were determined from a social accounting matrix in terms of output, value added, and employment. Port value multipliers were then calculated to provide context to the FEC’s contributions. Direct contributions were US$602.989 million of value added and 6,870 jobs based upon FEC activities of US$1.945 billion. Total FEC contributions were US$1.439 billion of value added and 16,640 jobs on sales across North Carolina of US$3.494 billion. The output and value-added port value multipliers indicated each US$1.000 million of FEC output and value added generated an additional US$800,000 and US$1.386 million in other industries, respectively, before leaving the state to purchase imported inputs. Each 1,000 FEC-dependent jobs supported an average of 1,420 jobs elsewhere in North Carolina’s economy. Information such as this provides policymakers an improved scope of the contributions driven by exporting to foreign markets.
The Diplomatic Presentation of the State in International Crises: Diplomatic Collaboration during the US-Iran Hostage Crisis
Authors: Banks David E 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTheories of crisis (de-)escalation often focus on conflict, stress, and information problems. However, crisis (de-)escalation may sometimes hinge on how de-escalation is interpreted by domestic audiences. In this article, I combine Putnam's two-level games model of diplomacy with Erving Goffman's concepts of interaction order and face to create a mechanism I call “diplomatic presentation.” I show how diplomatic presentation can be instrumental for the crafting of diplomatic outcomes that states believe are in their mutual interest but that run the risk of being rejected by their domestic publics. Successful diplomatic presentation requires that states collude together to manage their performance, engage in teamwork, and control the impact of unsympathetic audiences. In evaluating this mechanism, I analyze the diplomacy surrounding the Iran Hostage Crisis. During this crisis, regime officials from the United States and Iran colluded in a theatrical “scenario,” in which both sides adopted specific roles in order to satisfy the sentiments of US and Iranian publics. I show that complications regarding the presentation of this scenario explain escalation of the crisis better than prominent alternatives. This argument contributes to the growing literature on symbolic diplomacy in international relations, while also challenging common assumptions about the adversarial nature of crises.
Effect of Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Larval Diet on Egg Quality and Parasitism by Trichogramma brassicae (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
Authors: Moghaddassi Yasaman , Ashouri Ahmad , Bandani Ali Reza , Leppla Norman C , Shirk Paul D 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTrichogramma spp., among the most common parasitoids used for augmentation biological control, often are mass-reared on eggs of the Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella (Zeller). To evaluate removal of nutritional components from the E. kuehniella larval diet and reduce production costs, colonies were maintained using one of three diets: a standard diet consisting of eight ingredients, a reduced diet containing whole wheat flour, glycerol, and Brewer’s yeast, or a third minimal diet of only whole wheat flour. The standard diet sustained the fastest larval development, female pupae with the greatest mass, the highest level of adult emergence, and production of the most eggs per female. Eggs from moths reared as larvae on the standard or reduced diet had equivalent mass, length, and percent hatch. Females from larvae fed the minimal diet produced eggs with the least mass that were shorter and had the lowest percent hatch. Eggs from the three E. kuehniella colonies were exposed separately to Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko females to determine their acceptance for oviposition. More of the eggs from the standard diet were parasitized by the females, eggs from the reduced and minimal diets being less acceptable. The percent emergence of the parasitoids was the same regardless of diet; however, the largest wasps emerged from the standard diet eggs and a greater proportion of them were females. Consequently, the standard E. kuehniella larval diet resulted in the highest rate of reproduction and robust eggs that produced superior T. brassicae wasps.
Crossover Dynamics of Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) Vector Populations Determine WNV Transmission Intensity
Authors: Tokarz Ryan E , Smith Ryan C 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFirst introduced into the United States in 1999, West Nile virus (WNV) has become endemic and has established itself as the predominant mosquito-borne arbovirus in North America. Transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus Culex, regional landscapes influence local vector species abundance, creating different mosquito ecologies that drive local transmission dynamics. In central Iowa, two mosquito species, Culex restuans Theobald and Culex pipiens Linnaeus, serve as the predominant mosquito vectors. Importantly, these mosquito populations are influenced by seasonal patterns in their abundance, with Cx. restuans preferring cool, early spring temperatures, while Cx. pipiens prefer the warmer, mid- to late-summer months. The point of the season at which Cx. pipiens becomes the dominant species is generally referred to as a ‘crossover’ period. To better understand the influence of crossover dynamics on WNV transmission, we examined environmental and mosquito abundance data, as well as mosquito infection rates and human disease cases from 2016 to 2018. We demonstrate that temperature influences the timing and duration of the crossover period, influencing mosquito abundance and human disease transmission. Together, these results suggest that Culex species crossover is an important variable of WNV transmission dynamics, which may provide an early warning indicators of increased WNV transmission.
Radiation Dose and Volume to the Pancreas and Subsequent Risk of Diabetes Mellitus: A Report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Friedman Danielle Novetsky , Moskowitz Chaya S , Hilden Patrick , Howell Rebecca M , Weathers Rita E , Smith Susan A , Wolden Suzanne L , Tonorezos Emily S , Mostoufi-Moab Sogol , Chow Eric J , Meacham Lillian R , Chou Joanne F , Whitton John A , Leisenring Wendy M , Robison Leslie L , Armstrong Gregory T , Oeffinger Kevin C , Sklar Charles A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Childhood cancer survivors exposed to abdominal radiation (abdRT) are at increased risk for diabetes mellitus, but the association between risk and radiation dose and volume is unclear.

Methods
Participants included 20 762 5-year survivors of childhood cancer (4568 exposed to abdRT) and 4853 siblings. For abdRT, we estimated maximum dose to abdomen; mean doses for whole pancreas, pancreatic head, body, tail; and percent pancreas volume receiving no less than 10, 20, and 30 Gy. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated with a Poisson model using generalized estimating equations, adjusted for attained age. All statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
Survivors exposed to abdRT (median age = 31.6 years, range = 10.2–58.3 years) were 2.92-fold more likely than siblings (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.02 to 4.23) and 1.60-times more likely than survivors not exposed to abdRT (95%CI = 1.24 to 2.05) to develop diabetes. Among survivors treated with abdRT, greater attained age (RRper 10 years = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.70 to 2.62), higher body mass index (RRBMI 30+ = 5.00, 95% CI = 3.19 to 7.83 with referenceBMI 18.5–24.9), and increasing pancreatic tail dose were associated with increased diabetes risk in a multivariable model; an interaction was identified between younger age at cancer diagnosis and pancreatic tail dose with much higher diabetes risk associated with increasing pancreatic tail dose among those diagnosed at the youngest ages (P &lt; .001). Radiation dose and volume to other regions of the pancreas were not statistically significantly associated with risk.

Conclusions
Among survivors treated with abdRT, diabetes risk was associated with higher pancreatic tail dose, especially at younger ages. Targeted interventions are needed to improve cardiometabolic health among those at highest risk.
Giant bladder stone in association with severe kidney injury
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Taha Khaled , Poudyal Abhushan , Vidal Patricia , Bhattacharjee Poushali 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Minimal data exist on the causes, incidence and management of giant bladder stones considering their rare occurrence. Only a handful of case reports have reported stones larger than 10 cm, and most of these cases are managed surgically. We present a case of a 56-year-old female who presented with vague, lower urinary tract symptoms who was later found to have severe post-renal acute kidney injury due to a giant bladder stone measuring 11 × 11 × 10.4 cm.
Longitudinal assessment of interstitial lung disease in single lung transplant recipients with scleroderma
Authors: Hinze Alicia M , Lin Cheng T , Hussien Amira F , Perin Jamie , Venado Aida , Golden Jeffrey A , Boin Francesco , Brown Robert H , Wise Robert A , Wigley Fredrick M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the natural history of fibrotic lung disease in recipients of a single lung transplant for scleroderma-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods
Global ILD (including ground glass, nodular opacities and fibrosis) was categorized into severity quintiles on first and last post-transplant CT scans, and percent fibrosis by manual contouring was also determined, in nine single lung transplant recipients. Quantitative mean lung densities and volumes for the native and allograft lungs were also acquired.

Results
In the native lung, global ILD severity quintile worsened in two cases and percent fibrosis worsened in four cases (range 5–28%). In the lung allograft, one case each developed mild, moderate and severe ILD; of these, new fibrotic ILD (involving &lt;10% of lung) occurred in two cases and acute cellular rejection occurred in one. The average change in native lung density over time was +2.2 Hounsfield Units per year and lung volume +1.4 ml per year, whereas the allograft lung density changed by –5.5 Hounsfield Units per year and total volume +27 ml per year (P = 0.011 and P = 0.039 for native vs allograft density and volume comparisons, respectively).

Conclusions
While the course of ILD in the native and transplanted lungs varied in this series, these cases illustrate that disease progression is common in the native lung, suggesting that either the immune process continues to target autoantigens or ongoing fibrotic pathways are active in the native lung. Mild lung disease may occur in the allograft after several years due to either allograft rejection or recurrent mild ILD.
Efficacy and Safety of Low-dose Codeine-containing Combination Analgesics for Pain
Authors: Abdel Shaheed Christina , Maher Christopher G. , McLachlan Andrew J. 
Published: July 2019

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of combination analgesic products containing low-dose codeine (up to 30 mg/dose) for pain.Methods:Electronic databases were used to identify eligible placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two authors extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Data were pooled using a random-effects model with the strength of evidence assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. The primary outcome was immediate pain relief (3 hours post administration) on a 0 to 100 pain scale.Results:Ten RCTs were eligible. There is low-quality evidence (4 RCTs, n=211 participants) that a single dose of a combination analgesic product (with an nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) containing low-dose codeine (15 to 30 mg) provides small pain relief for acute dental pain (mean difference [MD], −12.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], −18.5 to −6.9) and moderate-quality evidence (1 RCT, n=93) of small pain relief for post-episiotomy pain and orthopedic surgery pain (MD,, −10.0; 95% CI, −19.0 to −1.0 and MD, −11.0; 95% CI, −20.7 to −1.3), respectively. There is low-quality evidence (1 RCT, n=80) that a multiple-dose regimen provides small pain relief for acute pain following photorefractive keratectomy (MD, −16.0; 95% CI, −24.5 to −7.5) and moderate-quality evidence of moderate pain relief for certain chronic pain conditions: for hip osteoarthritis (MD, −19.0; 95% CI, −31.2 to −6.8) and for temporomandibular joint pain (MD, −26.0; 95% CI, −44.5 to −7.5). Two studies reported a higher incidence of drowsiness in the treatment group compared with the placebo group (relative risk, 8.50; 95% CI, 1.96, 36.8 and 19.3; 95% CI, 1.2-306.5, respectively).Discussion:There is low to moderate level evidence that combination analgesic products containing low-dose codeine provide small to moderate pain relief for acute and chronic pain conditions in the immediate short term with limited trial data on use beyond 24 hours. Further research examining regular use of these medicines is needed with more emphasis on measuring potential harmful effects.
Validation of Pediatric Self-Report Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Measures in Different Stages of Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroko , Hyman Joshua E. , Shah Hitesh H. , Sankar Wudbhav N. , Laine Jennifer C. , Mehlman Charles T. , Schrader Tim , Kelly Derek M. , Rosenfeld Scott B. , Janicki Joseph A. , Thacker Mihir M. , Trupia Evan , Mcguire Molly F. , Kim Harry K.W. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) assessing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are important outcome measures, especially in Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease (LCPD) where symptoms (pain and limping), activity restrictions, and treatments vary depending on the stage of the disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) for measuring HRQoL of patients with LCPD in various stages of the disease.

Methods:
This is a multicenter validity study. Patients with LCPD between 4 and 18 years old were included and classified into modified Waldenström stages of disease: Early (1 or 2A), Late (2B or 3), or Healed (4). Seven PROMIS domains were collected, including Pain Interference, Fatigue, Mobility, Depression, Anger, Anxiety, and Peer Relationships. Convergent, discriminant, and known group validity was determined.

Results:
A total of 190 patients were included (mean age: 10.4±3.1 y). All 7 domains showed the worst scores in patients in the Early stage (known group validity). Within each domain, all domains positively correlated to each other (convergent validity). Patients who reported more anxiety, depression, and anger were associated with decreased mobility and increased fatigue and pain. Peer relationships had no to weak associations with other domains (discriminant validity).

Conclusions:
PROMIS has construct validity in measuring the HRQoL of patients in different stages of LCPD, suggesting that PROMIS has potential to serve as a patient-reported outcome tool for this population.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic level III study.
Children with Tourette Syndrome in the United States: Parent-Reported Diagnosis, Co-Occurring Disorders, Severity, and Influence of Activities on Tics
Authors: Wolicki Sara Beth , Bitsko Rebecca H. , Danielson Melissa L. , Holbrook Joseph R. , Zablotsky Benjamin , Walkup John T. , Woods Douglas W. , Mink Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Describe the diagnostic process for Tourette syndrome (TS) based on parent report, as well as TS severity and associated impairment; the influence of common daily activities on tics; and the presence of co-occurring mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders among children in the United States.

Methods:
Parent-report data from the 2014 National Survey of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome on 115 children ever diagnosed with TS were analyzed. Descriptive, unweighted analyses included frequencies and percentages, and means and standard deviations. Fisher's exact test and t-tests were calculated to determine statistically significant differences.

Results:
The mean age that tics were first noticed was 6.3 years, and, on average, TS was diagnosed at 7.7 years. The time from initially noticing tics to TS diagnosis averaged 1.7 years. The mean age when TS symptoms were most severe was 9.3 years. Tic severity was associated with impaired child functioning but not tic noticeability. Almost 70% of parents reported that fatigue and major transitions made their child's tics worse. Children with ever-diagnosed TS had a mean of 3.2 ever-diagnosed co-occurring mental, behavioral, or developmental disorders; a quarter (26.9%) had 5 or more co-occurring disorders.

Discussion:
In this sample of children with TS, the time to diagnosis averaged less than 2 years from when tics were initially noticed. More severe TS was associated with greater functional impairment, and co-occurring disorders were common among children with TS. This study provides insight into the current experiences of children with TS in the United States and their families.
Screening for Both Child Behavior and Social Determinants of Health in Pediatric Primary Care
Authors: Berger-Jenkins Evelyn , Monk Catherine , D'Onfro Katherine , Sultana Majeda , Brandt Lisa , Ankam Jyoti , Vazquez Nadiuska , Lane Mariellen , Meyer Dodi 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To implement comprehensive screening for child behavior and social determinants of health in an urban pediatric practice and explore rates of referrals and follow-up for positive screens.

Method:
Quality improvement methodology was used to implement routine screening using an adapted version of the Survey of Well Being of Young Children, a child behavior and social screen, for all children aged 6 months to 10 years. Rates of screen administration and documentation were assessed for 18 months. Medical records of a convenience sample (N = 349) were reviewed to track referrals and follow-up for positive screens. A secondary analysis explored associations between reported parental concern for their child's behavior and both child behavior symptoms and social stressors.

Results:
Over 18 months, 2028 screens were administered. Screening rates reached 90% after introducing a tablet for screening. Provider documentation of screens averaged 62%. In the convenience sample, 28% scored positive for a behavioral problem, and 25% reported at least 1 social stressor. Of those with positive child behavior or social stressor screens, approximately 80% followed up with their primary medical doctor, and approximately 50% completed referrals to the clinic social worker. Further analysis indicated that referral and follow-up rates varied depending on whether the family identified child behavior or social issues. Logistic regression revealed that parental concern was independently associated with child behavior symptoms (p = 0.001) and social stressors (p = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Implementing a comprehensive psychosocial screen is feasible in pediatric primary care and may help target referrals to address psychosocial health needs.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Autism-Related Health and Educational Services
Authors: Bilaver Lucy A. , Havlicek Judy 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
The objective of this study is to measure racial and ethnic disparities in autism-related services among U.S. children with parent-reported autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods:
Using the 2011 Survey of Pathways to Diagnosis and Services, we analyzed parent-reported data on 1420 children with current ASD in the nationally representative sample. An estimation method consistent with the Institute of Medicine's definition of health care disparities is used to measure racial and ethnic disparities.

Results:
The findings revealed Latino-white disparities in the percentage of children currently using school-based occupational and physical therapy and Latino-white and “other race”-white disparities in the percentage of children using physical therapy outside of school. There were no statistically significant black-white disparities. Instead, the study found that the percentage of black children with ASD receiving school-based services was 8 points higher than that of white children (p < 0.04). Factors unrelated to the need for autism services were largely unassociated with the receipt of services.

Conclusion:
The findings provide a partial baseline and identify a need for further examination of the source of existing disparities and the lack of disparities found for specific services and minority groups.
Household Chaos, Maternal Emotional Responsiveness, and Child Eating Behavior: A Moderation Analysis
Authors: Saltzman Jaclyn A. , Bost Kelly K. , McBride Brent A. , Fiese Barbara H. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To address calls for a resilience-informed approach to understand the cause and prevention of childhood obesity, the current study aims to investigate the independent and interactive associations between household chaos, maternal emotional responsiveness, and eating behavior in early childhood.

Method:
A sample of (n = 108) families of 18- to 24-month-olds completed self-report surveys and consented to home visits as part of the larger STRONG Kids 2 (N = 468) study. Videotapes of family mealtimes were collected during home visits and coded for observed maternal emotional responsiveness. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing maternal emotional responsiveness, household chaos, and child eating behaviors. Moderation analyses assessed independent and interactive effects of chaos and emotional responsiveness on child appetite self-regulation.

Results:
In moderation analyses controlling for demographic covariates, higher levels of chaos were associated with more emotional overeating and with more food responsiveness, but only among children of mothers observed engaging in low levels of responsiveness at mealtimes. There was no association between chaos and eating behavior among children of mothers observed engaging in high levels of emotional responsiveness at mealtimes. There was also no independent or interactive association between chaos and child eating behaviors characterized by food avoidance.

Conclusion:
Preliminary evidence suggests that maternal emotional responsiveness at mealtimes may attenuate the deleterious effects of chaos on child overeating and food responsiveness. Future research should prioritize using longitudinal designs, developing observational assessments of early childhood eating behaviors, and understanding these processes among families exposed to greater socioeconomic adversity.