bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward High‐Performance Hybrid Zn‐Based Batteries via Deeply Understanding Their Mechanism and Using Electrolyte Additive
Authors: Hao Junnan , Long Jun , Li Bo , Li Xiaolong , Zhang Shilin , Yang Fuhua , Zeng Xiaohui , Yang Zhanhong , Pang Wei Kong , Guo Zaiping 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAqueous hybrid Zn‐based batteries (ZIBs), as a highly promising alternative to lithium‐ion batteries for grid application, have made considerable progress recently. However, few studies have been reported that investigate their working mechanism in detail. Here, the operando synchrotron X‐ray diffraction is employed to thoroughly investigate the operational mechanism of a hybrid LiFePO4(LFP)/Zn battery, which indicates only Li+ extraction/insertion from/into cathode during cycling. Based on this system, a cheap electrolyte additive, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, is proposed to effectively enhance its electrochemical properties. The influence of the additive on the Zn anode and LFP cathode is comprehensively studied, respectively. The results show that the additive modifies the intrinsic deposit pattern of Zn2+ ions, rendering Zn plating/stripping highly reversible in an aqueous medium. On the other hand, the wettability of the LFP electrode is visibly a meliorated by introducing the surfactant additive, accelerating the Li‐ion diffusion at the LFP electrode/electrolyte interface, as indicated by the overpotential measurements. Benefiting from these effects, the Zn/LFP batteries deliver high rate capability and cycling stability in both coin cells and pouch cells.
Flat Boron: A New Cousin of Graphene
Authors: Xie Sheng‐Yi , Wang Yeliang , Li Xian‐Bin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe mechanical exfoliation of graphene from graphite provides the cornerstone for the synthesis of other 2D materials with layered bulk structures, such as hexagonal boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, black phosphorus, and so on. However, the experimental production of 2D flat boron is challenging because bulk boron has very complex spatial structures and a rich variety of chemical properties. Therefore, the realization of 2D flat boron marks a milestone for the synthesis of 2D materials without layered bulk structures. The historical efforts in this field, particularly the most recent experimental progress, such as the growth of 2D flat boron on a metal substrate by chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy, or liquid exfoliation from bulk boron, are described.
Biomimetic Nanotechnology toward Personalized Vaccines
Authors: Zhou Jiarong , Kroll Ashley V. , Holay Maya , Fang Ronnie H. , Zhang Liangfang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile traditional approaches for disease management in the era of modern medicine have saved countless lives and enhanced patient well‐being, it is clear that there is significant room to improve upon the current status quo. For infectious diseases, the steady rise of antibiotic resistance has resulted in super pathogens that do not respond to most approved drugs. In the field of cancer treatment, the idea of a cure‐all silver bullet has long been abandoned. As a result of the challenges facing current treatment and prevention paradigms in the clinic, there is an increasing push for personalized therapeutics, where plans for medical care are established on a patient‐by‐patient basis. Along these lines, vaccines, both against bacteria and tumors, are a clinical modality that could benefit significantly from personalization. Effective vaccination strategies could help to address many challenging disease conditions, but current vaccines are limited by factors such as a lack of potency and antigenic breadth. Recently, researchers have turned toward the use of biomimetic nanotechnology as a means of addressing these hurdles. Recent progress in the development of biomimetic nanovaccines for antibacterial and anticancer applications is discussed, with an emphasis on their potential for personalized medicine.
Soft, Skin‐Interfaced Microfluidic Systems with Passive Galvanic Stopwatches for Precise Chronometric Sampling of Sweat
Authors: Bandodkar Amay J. , Choi Jungil , Lee Stephen P. , Jeang William J. , Agyare Prophecy , Gutruf Philipp , Wang Siqing , Sponenburg Rebecca A. , Reeder Jonathan T. , Schon Stephanie , Ray Tyler R. , Chen Shulin , Mehta Sunita , Ruiz Savanna , Rogers John A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractComprehensive analysis of sweat chemistry provides noninvasive health monitoring capabilities that complement established biophysical measurements such as heart rate, blood oxygenation, and body temperature. Recent developments in skin‐integrated soft microfluidic systems address many challenges associated with standard technologies in sweat collection and analysis. However, recording of time‐dependent variations in sweat composition requires bulky electronic systems and power sources, thereby constraining form factor, cost, and modes of use. Here, presented are unconventional design concepts, materials, and device operation principles that address this challenge. Flexible galvanic cells embedded within skin‐interfaced microfluidics with passive valves serve as sweat‐activated “stopwatches” that record temporal information associated with collection of discrete microliter volumes of sweat. The result allows for precise measurements of dynamic sweat composition fluctuations using in situ or ex situ analytical techniques. Integrated electronics based on near‐field communication (NFC) protocols or docking stations equipped with standard electronic measurement tools provide means for extracting digital timing results from the stopwatches. Human subject studies of time‐stamped sweat samples by in situ colorimetric methods and ex situ techniques based on inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP‐MS) and chlorodimetry illustrate the ability to quantitatively capture time‐dynamic sweat chemistry in scenarios compatible with field use.
Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials
Authors: Sim Kyoseung , Rao Zhoulyu , Ershad Faheem , Yu Cunjiang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStretchable electronics outperform existing rigid and bulky electronics and benefit a wide range of species, including humans, machines, and robots, whose activities are associated with large mechanical deformation and strain. Due to the nonstretchable nature of most electronic materials, in particular semiconductors, stretchable electronics are mostly realized through the strategies of architectural engineering to accommodate mechanical stretching rather than imposing strain into the materials directly. On the other hand, recent development of stretchable electronics by creating them entirely from stretchable elastomeric electronic materials, i.e., rubbery electronics, suggests a feasible a venue. Rubbery electronics have gained increasing interest due to the unique advantages that they and their associated manufacturing technologies have offered. This work reviews the recent progress in developing rubbery electronics, including the crucial stretchable elastomeric materials of rubbery conductors, rubbery semiconductors, and rubbery dielectrics. Thereafter, various rubbery electronics such as rubbery transistors, integrated electronics, rubbery optoelectronic devices, and rubbery sensors are discussed.
An Organic Afterglow Protheranostic Nanoassembly
Authors: He Shasha , Xie Chen , Jiang Yuyan , Pu Kanyi 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCancer theranostics holds potential promise for precision medicine; however, most existing theranostic nanoagents are simply developed by doping both therapeutic agents and imaging agent into one particle entity, and thus have an “always‐on” pharmaceutical effect and imaging signals regardless of their in vivo location. Herein, the development of an organic afterglow protheranostic nanoassembly (APtN) that specifically activates both the pharmaceutical effect and diagnostic signals in response to a tumor‐associated chemical mediator (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2) is reported. APtN comprises an amphiphilic macromolecule and a near‐infrared (NIR) dye acting as the H2O2‐responsive afterglow prodrug and the afterglow initiator, respectively. Such a molecular architecture allows APtN to passively target tumors in living mice, specifically release the anticancer drug in the tumor, and spontaneously generate the uncaged afterglow substrate. Upon NIR light preirradiation, the afterglow initiator generates singlet oxygen to react and subsequently transform the uncaged afterglow substrate into an active self‐luminescent form. Thus, the intensity of generated afterglow luminescence is correlated with the drug release status, permitting real‐time in vivo monitoring of prodrug activation. This study proposes a background‐free design strategy toward activatable cancer theranostics.
Low Optical Loss Amplified Spontaneous Emission and Lasing in a Solution‐Processed Organic Semiconductor
Authors: Zhou Xuehong , Liu Linlin , Xu Tao , Liu Wangwang , Wang Rong , Yu Huakang , Jiang Xiao‐Fang , Ma Yuguang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMeeting the challenges of realizing organic electrically pumped laser, low threshold gain materials with minimum optical loss are highly demanded, especially those with insignificant nonradiative processes during lasing. Herein, the low optical loss amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and high Q‐factor (2,700) lasing are discovered in a solution‐processed benzothiadiazole‐cored multifluorene derivative. The excellent lasing properties of this molecule inspire to focus on the origin of its intrinsic optical loss. The ultrafast time‐resolved spectroscopy studies reveal that the low intrinsic optical loss originates from a relatively “simple” excited state interaction including just singlet–singlet absorption and stimulated emission, excluding additional loss processes such as intermolecular charge‐separation and triplet–triplet absorption that are detrimental to achieve high quality lasing. Quantitative descriptions on ASE process are also discussed based on both transient absorption spectra and transient photoluminescence spectra. This study shows new options and deeper understanding for designing low threshold gain materials.
Association between chronic rhinosinusitis and osteoporosis: a case‐control study using a national sample cohort
Authors: Choi Hyo Geun , Kong Gyu 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to further clarify the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and osteoporosis in a Korean population.MethodsThe Korean National Health Insurance Service‒National Sample Cohort, with subjects ≥50 years old, was assessed for the time period 2002‐2013. In total, 68,459 osteoporosis participants were matched with 68,459 control participants at a ratio of 1:1 with respect to age, sex, income group, region of residence, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. We analyzed previous histories of CRS with/without nasal polyp in the osteoporosis and control groups. CRS and osteoporosis were included using codes from the International Classification of Diseases―tenth edition and claim codes. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were analyzed using conditional logistic regression analyses. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were then calculated. Subgroup analyses were performed according to age and sex.ResultsThe rate of CRS with/without nasal polyp was higher in the osteoporosis group (3.0% [2078 of 68,459]) compared with the control group (2.0% [1344 of 68,459]) (p < 0.001). The adjusted OR of CRS with/without nasal polyp was 1.47 (95% CI, 1.37‐1.58; p < 0.001) in the osteoporosis group. The results of the subgroup analyses were consistent.ConclusionThe ORs of CRS were increased in osteoporosis participants. This relation was consistent in all age and sex groups.
Long‐term outcomes of endoscopic sinus surgery in the management of adult chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Smith Timothy L. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Mace Jess C. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Beswick Daniel M. , DeConde Adam S. , Detwiller Kara Y. , Mattos Jose L. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThere is a striking lack of long‐term, prospective outcomes data for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) using validated instruments. Our primary objective in this study was to report long‐term outcomes (>10 years) after ESS for CRS obtained by prospective data collection.MethodsAn observational cohort (n = 59) of adult patients with CRS electing ESS was enrolled between 2004 and 2008. Long‐term, disease‐specific quality‐of‐life (QOL) outcomes, health utility values (HUV), revision surgery rate, development of asthma, and patient expectations/satisfaction with outcomes of ESS were examined using descriptive statistics and simple fixed‐effects linear modeling.ResultsFifty‐nine adult patients were followed for 10.9 years (±13.8 months), on average. Mean QOL significantly improved between baseline and 6 months and remained durable to 10 years. HUV improved to normal. A 17% revision surgery rate within the 10‐year follow‐up period was observed with a 25% revision rate in CRS with polyposis. New‐onset asthma after ESS occurred at a rate of 0.8%/year. Patient satisfaction with ESS outcomes was generally high.ConclusionsTen‐year prospective outcomes of ESS for CRS demonstrate that the initial clinically significant improvements in QOL seen 6 months postoperatively are durable over the long term. Over 75% of patients reported clinically significant long‐term QOL and HUV improvement. HUV returned to normal. Revision surgery rate was 17% and worse postoperative endoscopy scores within 18 months of initial ESS were associated with higher likelihood of revision surgery. Most patients would pursue ESS again and recommend the procedure to other patients considering this treatment option.
Functionalized Cu‐MOF@CNT Hybrid: Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Applicability in Supercapacitors
Authors: Ansari Shagufi Naz , Saraf Mohit , Gupta Anoop K. , Mobin Shaikh M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of a metal–organic framework (MOF) named IITI‐1 is reported by employing an H2L linker with Cu(NO3)2⋅3 H2O in a mixed solvent system of N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF) and H2O. Further, in order to explore the energy storage application of IITI‐1, a IITI‐1/CNT hybrid was prepared by a simple ultrasonication technique. Incorporation of a carbon nanotube (CNT) in the layered IITI‐1 MOF gave rise to enhanced electrolyte accessibility along with improved electrochemical storage capacity. The electrochemical investigations reveal a high specific capacitance (380 F g−1 at 1.6 A g−1) with a good rate performance for IITI‐1/CNT. The IITI‐1 MOF and the IITI‐1/CNT composite were characterized by PXRD, BET, SEM, and TEM techniques. Moreover, IITI‐1 MOF was also confirmed by single‐crystal XRD analysis.
Divulging the effect of small perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces in the photogravitational version of autonomous restricted four‐body problem with oblate primary
Authors: Suraj Md Sanam , Asique Md Chand , Mittal Amit , Aggarwal Rajiv 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn the present problem, we have studied the effect of small perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces on the locations and stability of libration points by taking the smaller primary as radiating oblate spheroid in the restricted four‐body problem. We have supposed that all the primaries are set in an equilateral triangle configuration, moving in circular orbit around their common center of mass. We have observed that the oblateness and radiation of the third primary, and the effect of the small perturbation in centrifugal force have substantial influences on the locations of libration points but the effect of the small perturbation in the Coriolis force has no impact on their locations. However, the stability of the libration points is highly influenced by the effect of the small perturbation in the Coriolis force. Furthermore, it is obtained that the effect of the small perturbation in the centrifugal force has a substantial influence on the regions of possible motion. In addition, we have also discussed how the oblateness and radiation pressure of the third primary, and the small perturbations in the Coriolis and centrifugal forces influence geometry of the basins of convergence by using multivariate version of the Newton–Raphson iterative scheme.
Class III Polyphosphate Kinase 2 Enzymes Catalyze the Pyrophosphorylation of Adenosine‐5′‐Monophosphate
Authors: Ogawa Marin , Uyeda Atsuko , Harada Kazuo , Sato Yu , Kato Yasuhiko , Watanabe Hajime , Honda Kohsuke , Matsuura Tomoaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPolyphosphate kinase 2 (PPK2) transfer phosphate from inorganic polyphosphate to nucleotides. According to their activity, PPK2 enzymes are classified into three groups. Among them, class III enzymes catalyze both the phosphorylation of nucleotide mono‐ to diphosphates and di‐ to triphosphates by using polyphosphate, which is a very inexpensive substrate. Therefore, class III enzymes are very attractive for use in biotechnological applications. Despite several studies on class III enzymes, a detailed mechanism of how phosphate is transferred from the polyphosphate to the nucleotide remains to be elucidated. Herein, it is reported that PPK2 class III enzymes from two different bacterial species catalyze the phosphorylation of adenosine mono‐ (AMP) into triphosphate (ATP) not only through step‐by‐step phosphorylation, but also by pyrophosphorylation. These are the first PPK2 enzymes that have been shown to possess polyphosphate‐dependent pyrophosphorylation activity.
Presence of Potential G‐Quadruplex RNA‐Forming Motifs at the 5′‐UTR of PP2Acα mRNA Repress Translation
Authors: Pany Sushree Prangya P. , Sapra Mahak , Sharma Jitendar , Dhamodharan V. , Patankar Swati , Pradeepkumar P. I. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRNA G‐quadruplex (G4)‐forming motifs present at the 5′‐UTR of the protein phosphatase (PP2Ac) gene are the regulatory targets of the fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), which is weakly expressed in Fragile X patients. Herein, we report that the existence of such G4‐forming sequence represses the translation of the PP2Acα gene. This study opens therapeutic avenues to design small molecule ligands that mimic the function of the FMRP.
Eating fish in another way: Development of functional pasta with added concentrates of farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Calanche Juan , Beltrán Hector , Marquina Pedro , Roncalés Pedro , Beltrán José A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and objectivesDue to its nutritional properties and a raising awareness of healthy eating, fish consumption has increased. There is a need to produce attractive foods, and pasta is a good vehicle for developing functional foods. With this aim, this research developed traditional pastas with added concentrates of flesh and skin from aquaculture seabass (nondegreased fish concentrate) to improve both their sensory and nutritional properties.FindingsNutritional and sensory improvements were achieved in new pastas developed with nondegreased fish concentrates consisting of pasta made with fish fillet and skins. They showed higher amounts of fat and ash with an important enrichment in unsaturated fatty acids.ConclusionsThe pastas developed were stable due to their low water activity (<0.85), and they had high protein quantities (≥17%) and moderate fat amounts (3%–6%) being an important source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially EPA (>1%) and DHA (>2.5%), according to fatty acid profiles.Significance and noveltyThis work definitely suggests that incorporation of dried nondegreased fish concentrates will result in improvement of nutritional quality of pasta in terms of higher protein and balance of omega 6/3 fatty acids. This approach could be used to avail the health benefits of fish concentrate additions to pasta as a functional food and provide an alternative way to consume fish.
Cubic Palladium Nanorattles with Solid Octahedron Gold Core for Catalysis and Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Singh Prem , Sonika  , Gangadharan Pranav K. , Khan Ziyauddin , Kurungot Sreekumar , Jaiswal Amit 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of palladium nanorattles (Au‐Pd NRTs) comprising of a gold octahedral core caged within a thin porous cubic palladium shell. The introduction of core‐shell and porous architecture was realized by combining seed mediated and galvanic replacement reaction techniques. Next, we examined the catalytic efficiency of the nanocatalyst in comparison with solid palladium nanocube (Pd‐NC) of similar size for the degradation of p‐nitrophenol and organic dyes. The rate constant of Au‐Pd NRTs was found nearly 12 times higher than the Pd‐NCs. Further, we exploited our catalyst for electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and observed its high intrinsic ORR activity. Compared with commercialized Pt/C, the Au‐Pd NRT displayed nearly comparable onset and half‐wave potential values and excellent durability upon potential cycling. The system level validation in a single‐cell mode of alkaline exchange membrane fuel cell also confirms the efficiency of the present catalyst to serve as a potential cathode catalyst for realistic device applications.
Heat Exchangeability of a Catalytic Plate Reactor and Analysis of the Reactivity of Steam and CO2 in Methane Reforming
Authors: Fukuda Takashi , Harada Makoto Ryo , Miyazawa Akira 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn assemble‐type plate reactor was developed and its intensified heat transfer compared to that of a conventional tubular reactor in methane reforming was confirmed. This characteristic enables accurate reaction kinetic analysis because of quasi‐isothermal operation with mild pressure loss. Reduced experiment cost is one of the features of the assemble‐type reactor. Simple thermal design equations applicable to plate reactors were also assessed. From experiments and accurate reaction analysis using the plate reactor it is suggested that H2O and CO2 have similar reactivity for a commercial Ni/α‐Al2O3 catalyst. The partial pressure of the oxidizing agent had much more influence on the reactivity of methane reforming than the species of this agent.
Product Design and Engineering in Chemical Engineering: Past, Present State, and Future
Authors: Uhlemann Jens , Costa Raquel , Charpentier Jean-Claude 
Published: June 2019

AbstractProduct design and engineering (PDE), originally heralded as a new paradigm of chemical engineering, aims to define new and/or improved products based on customer needs and/or new technologies. A comprehensive discussion of PDE as a building block for chemical engineering education, research, and practice is still lacking, preventing a broader impact on academic and industry realities more and more concerned with the “knowledge economy”. The purpose of the present paper was to contribute to the mitigation of this gap by presenting the results of the EFCE Section Group PDE survey based on PDE academia and industry expert and practitioner feedback as well as on a literature review. Status and challenges of PDE are discussed and academic and industry perspectives are mapped.