bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Housing Availability Indicator in Selected Polish Cities in the Years 2006 to 2018
Authors: Martyniak Marta 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Research purpose. Housing availability indicator shows the area of residential real estate possible to purchase for the average monthly wage in the enterprise sector. The research carried out in this paper is aimed at determining the current level of housing availability indicator and its detailed analysis, taking into account the dynamics of changes in 2006 to 2018. This analysis will be carried out for primary and secondary market for selected Polish cities.

Design/Methodology/Approach. Calculations were based on the average transaction prices obtained from the transactional database of residential real estate of the National Bank of Poland and the value of the average monthly remuneration in the enterprise sector obtained partly from statistical data and official journals of the Central Statistical Office.

Findings. The analysis shows that the indicator of housing availability in Poland, despite the visible upward trend, is at a very low level, placing Warsaw at the first place. In addition, the extension of the analysis to the division of the housing market into the primary and secondary market provided more information about shaping the housing availability indicator. Whereas in the primary market in individual cities its value was at a similar level, the secondary market was subject to greater fluctuations.

Originality/Value/Practical implications. This paper is of practical nature. Due to the asymmetry of information on the Polish real estate market, especially regarding housing prices, knowledge about the value of the housing availability indicator in Poland may be exceptionally valuable, especially for people interested in the housing market, including individual investors and market practitioners, as an auxiliary source of information in purchasing decisions of households.
The Goldfish and Little Red Riding Hood: Characters and their Combinations in Fairy Tale Jokes and Parodies
Authors: Järv Risto 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There are two types of joke that can be described as fairy tale jokes: those with punchlines that include fairy tale characters, and fairy tale parodies. The paper discusses fairy tale jokes that were sent to the jokes page of the major Estonian internet Web Portal Delfi by Internet users between 2000 and 2011, and jokes added by the editors of the portal between 2011 and 2018 (CFTJ). The joke corpus has had different addresses at different times, and was a live ‘folklore field’ for the first few years after creation.
Of all the characters, the Goldfish appeared in the largest number of jokes (76 out of a total of 286 jokes), followed by Little Red Riding Hood (72). Other fairy tale characters feature in a 14 or fewer fairy tale jokes each.
Several fairy tale jokes circulating on the Internet varied over the period observed. Fairy tale jokes generally get their impetus from the characters and from plots with unexpected outcomes. A seemingly innocent fairy tale character is often linked to a sexual theme: sexuality holds first place as the source of humour in fairy tale jokes, although this may be caused by the so-called genre code of jokes.
A Life History of the ‘Irish’ Ecotype Tied Stones and Loose Dogs
Authors: Coinnigh Marcas Mac 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The term ecotype was first introduced to the field of folkloristics by Carl Wilhelm von Sydow (1878–1952), who proposed the idea that folktales develop from base forms due to transformations triggered by specific environmental conditions before eventually stabilising within cultural districts. The general analogy was popular amongst folklorists who readily invoked the concept to deconstruct a wide range of genres including rhyming couplets, folk ballads, folktales, fairy-tales, personal narratives, legends and urban legends. It is unfortunate, however, that ecotypes have largely been ignored by scholars working in the fields of paremiology, especially when one considers not only the established inter-relationships between proverbial material and other folkoristic genres, but also the recent pioneering cross-cultural analyses of idiomatic expressions in European languages and beyond.
This paper will provide a template for the analysis of folk expressions by examining the life history of an Irish ecotype, tied stones and loose dogs. It will show that folk expressions are a fertile area of research that can be deconstructed using literary and historical research based on the historic-geographic method. At the heart of this template, I argue, is the need to read texts within their contemporary cultural, historical and socio-economic frameworks to decode meanings according to instantiation, the motivations for their use, and the question of agency in folk groups. By collecting, examining and construing inter-relations between folkloristic texts across a range of cultural products – folklore collections, popular culture periodicals and political discourse – and by informed cultural contextualisation of its instantiations, we can re-construct the extensive cultural underpinnings that inform a range of everyday folk expressions.
Clinical chemistry investigations in recumbent and healthy German Holstein cows after the fifth day in milk
Authors: Weber Jim , Zenker Markus , Köller Gábor , Fürll Manfred , Freick Markus 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Recumbency is a frequent symptom occurring throughout lactation. Its cause can be related to the energy or mineral metabolism, or to trauma or infectious diseases. We compared various clinical chemistry parameters between healthy and recumbent cows and between cows with different causes of recumbency and determined if hypocalcaemia manifests in later lactation.

Material and Methods
Recumbent (n = 32) and healthy (n = 32) German Holstein cows were studied. After clinical examination, a serum sample was taken to measure the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Fe, Na, K, Pi, β-hydroxybutyrate, total bilirubin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), urea, and creatinine as well as activities of alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), and γ-glutamyl transferase in recumbent cows > 5 d in milk and control cows matched for age, lactation number, and pregnancy stage.

Results
In recumbent cows, mean serum concentrations of NEFA, bilirubin, and CK were statistically higher, while those of Fe, K, and Pi were significantly lower. Parameters compared between different recumbency diagnoses showed some descriptive Fe, K, urea, and AST differences, but these were not statistically significant.

Conclusion
The results show that only a limited number of parameters have diagnostic besides therapeutic value. Although of minor importance in our study, hypocalcaemia should be considered a cause of recumbency, even outside the typical risk period of parturient paresis.
Impact of prepartum body condition score loss on metabolic status during the transition period and subsequent fertility in Brown Swiss dairy cows
Authors: Çolakoğlu Hatice Esra , Yazlık Murat Onur , Pekcan Mert , Kaya Ufuk , Kaçar Cihan , Vural Mehmet Rıfat , Kurt Serdal , Yildirim Merve Menekse , Bas Ahmet , Küplülü Şükrü 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The objectives of this study were to determine the role of a fall in pre-calving body condition score (BCS) in postpartum metabolic status and reproductive outcomes, and gauge the indicativeness of blood metabolites during the transition period.

Material and Methods
Cows were grouped based on BCS loss between days −14 ±3 and 0 relative to calving. Cows that lost no BCS were the BCS control group (BCS-C), cows that lost 0.25 BCS points the low BCS loss group (BCS-L), and those that lost 0.5 points or more the high BCS loss (BCS-H) group. Blood was taken on days −14 ±3, 3, 14, and 30 ±4 for determination of comprehensive metabolic panel biomarker levels. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) levels were quantified on postpartum examination days. Vaginal discharge scores, ovarian activity on day 30 ±4, and subsequent fertility parameters were evaluated.

Results
The BCS-H cows had lower mean Ca concentrations before calving and on day 3, when the group’s BHBA and CK were higher (P < 0.05); on day 14 they had higher AST concentrations (P < 0.05). The BCS-L cows had greater bilirubin levels (P < 0.05). The BCS-H cows had lower cyclicity and higher endometritis rates. First service pregnancy rates were 50%, 50%, and 61.9%, open days 96.8, 95.75, and 89.2, and overall pregnancy rates 56.25%, 65%, and 80.95 % in the BCS-H, BCS-L, and BCS-C groups, respectively.

Conclusion
Prepartum BCS loss of ≥ 0.5 points could be associated with Brown Swiss cow low Ca and BHBA concentrations early postpartum, and with subsequent uterine health and overall pregnancy rate. Prepartum Ca concentration might be a prognostic biomarker for postpartum metabolic status and reproductive outcomes.
Relationship between mRNA of immune factors expressed by milk somatic cells and bacteria present in healthy lactating Holstein cows
Authors: Ohtsuka Hiromichi , Hirose Honami , Murakami Kenji , Murata Ryo , Kato Toshihide , Tajima Motoshi 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
The characteristics of immune factors in somatic cells from lactating dairy cows and their association with commensal bacteria in normal milk have not been clarified. This study investigated the relationship between the pathogenic bacteria in milk and somatic cell immune factors in healthy lactating cows.

Material and Methods
In total 44 healthy Holstein cows were studied on one farm. Milk samples were collected aseptically using a cannula and these samples were cultured for detection of bacteria and analysis of mRNA of immune factors expressed by somatic cells. Cows were divided into two groups based on the microbial status of their milk samples: 12 cows showed bacteria in cultures (positive group), and the other 32 cows did not (negative group).

Results
The mRNA levels of IL-6, lactotransferrin, and cathelicidin expressed by somatic cells after milking decreased significantly compared to those before milking in both groups (P < 0.05). There were significantly lower mRNA levels of IL-6 and cathelicidin in the positive group compared to those in the negative group before milking.

Conclusion
These results suggest that mRNA levels of IL-6 and cathelicidin expressed by the somatic cells may be affected by the presence of bacteria in healthy lactating dairy cows.
Hyponatraemia and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in non-azotaemic dogs with babesiosis associated with decreased arterial blood pressure
Authors: Gójska-Zygner Olga , Bartosik Justyna , Górski Paweł , Zygner Wojciech 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Introduction
A previous study on canine babesiosis showed low serum tonicity in affected dogs, which may result from syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). This endocrine disorder was recognised in human malaria which is considered a disease with similar pathogenesis to canine babesiosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of SIADH in babesiosis-afflicted dogs.

Material and Methods
Serum and urinary sodium and urine specific gravity (USG) were determined in dogs with babesiosis. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured at the beginning of the clinical examination. Serum tonicity and osmolality were calculated. Correlations were calculated between MAP and serum and urinary sodium concentrations, USG, serum tonicity, and calculated serum osmolality.

Results
Statistically significant correlations were observed between MAP and tonicity, calculated osmolality, USG, and serum and urinary sodium concentrations in non-azotaemic dogs. In three non-azotaemic dogs SIADH was recognised.

Conclusion
SIADH develops in non-azotaemic dogs with babesiosis. It is probably associated with decreased blood pressure in infected dogs. Thus, it seems that in fact it may be appropriate vasopressin secretion in canine babesiosis as a protective mechanism in hypotension which leads to hypoxia and renal failure in affected dogs.
Clays as SCM – Reactivity of Uncalcined Kaolinite and Bentonite, and Impact on Phase Assemblage and Strength Development of PC Mortars
Authors: Geiker Mette Rica , Gallucci Emmanuel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The impact of substitution of cement paste with uncalcined clay (bentonite and kaolinite) in the range of 5% by volume of paste on the development of hydration and properties of mortar was investigated. Two issues were addressed, the expected filler effect of the dispersed sub-micron clay particles, and the possible chemical reactivity of the clay.
The study indicated that Portland cement paste may be modified by addition of well dispersed clay and that the impact includes accelerated cement hydration as well as altered distribution of products. Compressive strength development was accelerated, but later age strength was reduced, especially for the bentonite mixes. In contrast, microscopic porosity measurements indicated no detrimental impact on the coarse capillary porosity.
The investigation indicates that for durability related engineering properties, the application of uncalcined clay might be a potential means for reduction of the clinker factor in concrete in support of sustainability.
Use of Concrete for Road Infrastructure: A SWOT Analysis Related to the three Catchwords Sustainability, Industrialisation and Digitalisation
Authors: Larsen Ingrid Lande , Terjesen Otto , Thorstensen Rein Terje , Kanstad Terje 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper aims at identifying the direction for more sustainable development of the use of concrete in road infrastructure in an industrialised context.
The increase in the global mean temperature is one of the most severe challenges today. The concrete industry is responsible for significant emissions of greenhouse gases, most attributable to cement production. However, concrete is one of the most important building materials in the world and indispensable for the societal development in countries at all development stages. Thus, the concrete industry needs to take measures for reducing emissions.
This paper investigates possible directions for the development of the concrete industry, to reduce climatic impact and accommodate positive societal growth. The investigation is carried out as a SWOT analysis, focusing on three terms dominating the present discussion on any development within the construction industry; sustainability, industrialisation and digitalisation. The result is a thorough discussion and a set of recommendations for the direction of future research and innovation on sustainable use of concrete in the construction of road infrastructure. The major opportunities and threats are summarised in the conclusions, and future research to be carried out in two of the authors’ PhD-projects are described.
Plastic Shrinkage Cracking of Self-compacting Concrete: Influence of Capillary Pressure and Dormant Period
Authors: Sayahi Faez , Emborg Mats , Hedlund Hans , Cwirzen Andrzej 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This research investigates the effect of capillary pressure and the length of the hydration dormant period on the plastic shrinkage cracking tendency of SCC by studying specimens produced with different w/c ratios, cement types and SP dosages. A relationship between the capillary pressure rate and the length of the hydration dormant period is defined, which can explain the cracking severity of the concrete when the volumetric deformation is unknown.
The results show, that the cracking tendency of SCC was the lowest in case of w/c ratio between 0.45 and 0.55, finer and more rapid hardening cement, and lower dosage of SP. The dormant period was prolonged by increasing the w/c ratio, using coarser cement, and higher SP dosage. It was concluded that the cracking tendency of concrete is a function of the capillary pressure buildup rate and the length of the dormant period.
Legacy of Ludwig von Mises: Rationalism
Authors: Kwasnicki Witold 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
There are three intentions (aims) of this paper. First, to focus the attention of readers to three not so well known and least frequently quoted by economists of Mises’s books, namely his 1957 Theory and History: An Interpretation of Social and Economic Evolution, and two closely related The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science: An Essay on Method (1962), and Epistemological Problems of Economics (1933/1960).
The second aim is to outline Mises’s legacy, presented in the form of eleven dimensions of Mises’s Intellectual Universe. The eleven dimensions of Mises’s system are: Economics as science, praxeology, and human action; Methodological dualism; Judgments of value and subjectivism; Individualism; Rationalism and human action; Consumer; Cooperation and competition; Thymology; Mathematics in economics; Predictions; and Historical analysis.
Third, to present the main issues related to Mises’s concept of rationalism. There is no mention of Ludwig von Mises’s concept of rationality in a great number of books and papers dealing with the understanding of the rationality of human beings. The concept of rationality proposed by Ludwig von Mises is neglected by modern researchers and economists of different schools, but especially by mainstream economists. A good example of neglecting Mises’s ideas on rationality is the latest book by Nassim Taleb, Skin in the Game: Hidden Asymmetries in Daily Life. Although Taleb’s proposition of understanding rationality and irrationality is very close to the concept of Mises, he does not refer to Mises’s work at all. No single word on Mises in that book!
The Austrian School of Economics and Ordoliberalism – Socio-Economic Order
Authors: Jurczuk Anna , Moszyński Michał , Pysz Piotr 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The scientific aim of the paper is to juxtapose the views on economic order developed by the leading representatives of two schools of liberal thinking – German ordoliberal Walter Eucken and the Austrian economist Friedrich August von Hayek. The first scholar opted for deliberately constructed competitive economic order, the second one advocates for allowing the social institutions to emerge and evolve spontaneously. The analysis proves the similarity of both theories in regard to the significance of principles of an economic order and the importance of competition for maintaining individual freedom. On the other hand some differences in the areas of sources of rules, institutional change, and the role of the state, induce their complementarity. Developing an intellectual basis for economic policy requires an eclectic approach combining two analysed perspectives.
Adam’s Smith’s Concept of a Great Society and its Timeliness
Authors: Godłów-Legiędź Janina 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The article aims to present the concepts of Adam Smith which are important considering the current disputes over liberalism, as well as the challenge that is the maintenance of the world’s economic order. Firstly, the article analyses the significance of the division of labour which is perceived as a fundamental premise for transitioning from small communities and face-to-face exchanges to the impersonal exchange and the expanded social order in which relations with strangers become meaningful. Secondly, the present work indicates that Smith did not neglect the matter of justice when proclaiming the need for freedom. He believed that efficient functioning of the market depends on the political system and a man’s ethical system, and his criticism of interventionism was not directed against the state as an institution co-creating the social order, but against the act of granting special privileges to certain interest groups. Thirdly, the article refers to the concept of coordination described by Scottish moral philosophers and the so-called Smith Problem. In this context, the article presents arguments against the assumption that John Nash’s theory provided proof of the erroneous nature of Adam Smith’s concepts. Arguments in favour of the timelessness of the economic philosophy of the father of economics are also drawn from Vernon Smith’s experimental economy and the research of evolutionary psychologists.
Microsatellite Variability of Two Populations of Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes, Clariidae) in Nigeria
Authors: Awodiran M. O. , Adeniran F. O. , Akinwale R. O. , Akinwande A. A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The study evaluated the genetic signatures of the fishes from the two populations and compared the pattern of differentiation of the two populations with a view to separating the species from the different populations into possible sub-species. Forty (40) specimens were collected from River Niger (Lokoja) and Asejire Resevoir. The DNA of the twenty (20) specimens from each population extracted from the muscle tissue using phenol-chloroform extraction (PCE) method was subjected to microsatellite DNA analysis. Seven (7) microsatellite markers (Cga01, Cga02, Cga03, Cga05, Cga06, Cga09 and Cga10) were used in the analysis. Microsatellite DNA analysis of the two populations revealed significant differentiation between the two populations as shown by the high values of heterozygosity, low level of inbreeding and non-conformance to Hardy-Weinberg’s equilibrium. It is concluded from the study that microsatellite analysis showed a high potentiality for separation of the populations.
Güler and Linaro et al Model in an Investigation of the Neuronal Dynamics using noise Comparative Study
Authors: Asaad Renas R 
Published: July 2019

Recently, theoretical arguments, numerical simulation and experiments shown that ion channel noise in neurons can have deep impact on the behavior of the neuron's dynamical when there is a limited size for the membrane space. It can be create different models of Linaro al equations by using stochastic differential equations to find the impacts of ion channel noise, and it has been analytically put forward the Güler model. More recently, Güler has discussed that in small neurons the rate functions for the closing and opening of gates are under the effect of the noise. In this research, the investigation of dynamics neurons are determined with noise rate functions. The exact Markov simulations will be employ during the investigation with above analytical models. Comparatively, the results will be presented from these models. The research aims to show more details on the phenomenon recently outlined by Güler.
Travesti: Sex, gender, and culture among Brazilian transgendered prostitutes by Don Kulick and Flaming souls: Homosexuality, homophobia, and social change in Barbados by David A. B. Murray
Authors: Dixon Curtis 
Published: July 2019

Don Kulick. Travesti: Sex, Gender, and Culture Among Brazilian Transgendered Prostitutes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 2009[1998]. 277 pages.
David A.B. Murray. Flaming Souls: Homosexuality, Homophobia, and Social Change in Barbados. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2012. 160 pages.