bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double A3‐Coupling of Primary Amines Catalysed by Gold Complexes
Authors: Grirrane Abdessamad , Álvarez Eleuterio , García Hermenegildo , Corma Avelino 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA novel family of dipropargylamines has been synthesised in one pot through a double catalytic A3‐coupling of five components. Cationic [AuI‐L][SbF6] complexes (L=JohnPhos) are extremely active catalysts for the double A3‐coupling of primary amines (aliphatic or aromatic), formaldehyde and trimethylsilylacetylene. Several reactions of LAu‐amine complexes with organic reagents were studied and followed by NMR and HRMS (ESI) analyses, providing information about the reaction mechanism. Specifically, the role of the π‐gold(I) acetylide complexes as active catalyst species was firmly confirmed. Most of the intermediates of this five‐component coupling were identified by GC‐MS spectrometry, lending support to the mechanistic proposal. In some cases, cationic amine‐gold(I)‐L complexes corresponding to the activated reagent or intermediate were isolated and characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, their spectroscopic properties were recorded, and their catalytic activity evaluated. Protic solvents influence the course of the reaction by effecting the double deprotection of dipropargylamines, providing a convenient route to dipropargylamines with double‐deprotected silyl moieties. When NaOH is present in the reaction media, formation of cationic acetylide‐dipropargylamine gold(I) and neutral hydroxide LAuOH complexes, respectively, as high and less active intermediate catalyst forms occur.
Strong Influence of the Ancillary Ligand over the Photodynamic Anticancer Properties of Neutral Biscyclometalated IrIII Complexes Bearing 2‐Benzoazole‐Phenolates
Authors: Martínez‐Alonso Marta , Busto Natalia , Aguirre Larry Danilo , Berlanga Leticia , Carrión M. Carmen , Cuevas José V. , Rodríguez Ana M. , Carbayo Arancha , Manzano Blanca R. , Ortí Enrique , Jalón Félix A. , García Begoña , Espino Gustavo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the synthesis, comprehensive characterization and biological and photocatalytic properties of two series of neutral IrIII biscyclometalated complexes of general formula [Ir(C^N)2(N^O)], where the N^O ligands are 2‐(benzimidazolyl)phenolate‐N,O (L1, series a) and 2‐(benzothiazolyl)phenolate‐N,O (L2, series b), and the C^N ligands are 2‐(phenyl)pyridinate or its derivatives, are described,. Complexes of types a and b exhibit dissimilar photophysical and biological properties. In vitro cytotoxicity tests conclusively prove that derivatives of series a are harmless in the dark against SW480 cancer cells (colon adenocarcinoma), but express enhanced cytotoxicity versus the same cells after stimulation with UV or blue light. In contrast, complexes of type b show a very high cytotoxic activity in the dark, but low photosensitizing ability. Thus, the ancillary N^O ligand is the main factor in terms of cytotoxic activity both in the dark and upon irradiation. However, the C^N ligands play a key role regarding cellular uptake. In particular, the complex of formula [Ir(dfppy)2(L1)] (dfppy=2‐(4,6‐difluorophenyl)pyridinate) [3 a] has been identified as both an efficient photosensitizer for 1O2 generation and a potential agent for photodynamic therapy. These capabilities are probably related to a combination of its notable cellular internalization, remarkable photostability, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and long triplet excited‐state lifetime. Both types of complexes exhibit notable catalytic activity in the photooxidation of thioanisole and S‐containing aminoacids with full selectivity.
Creation and testing of a new, local microtubule‐disruption tool based on the microtubule‐severing enzyme, katanin p60
Authors: Advani Siddheshwari , Maresca Thomas J. , Ross Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCurrent methods to disrupt the microtubule cytoskeleton do not easily provide rapid, local control with standard cell manipulation reagents. Here, we develop a new microtubule‐disruption tool based on katanin p60 severing activity and demonstrate proof‐of‐principle by targeting it to kinetochores in Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Specifically, we show that human katanin p60 can remove microtubule polymer mass in S2 cells and an increase in misaligned chromosomes when globally overexpressed. When katanin p60 was targeted to the kinetochores via Mis12, we were able to recapitulate the misalignment only when using a phosphorylation‐resistant mutant katanin p60. Our results demonstrate that targeting an active version of katanin p60 to the kinetochore can reduce the fidelity of achieving full chromosome alignment in metaphase and could serve as a microtubule disruption tool for the future.
Turning dyneins off bends cilia
Authors: King Stephen M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractCiliary and flagellar motility is caused by the ensemble action of inner and outer dynein arm motors acting on axonemal doublet microtubules. The switch point or switching hypothesis, for which much experimental and computational evidence exists, requires that dyneins on only one side of the axoneme are actively working during bending, and that this active motor region propagate along the axonemal length. Generation of a reverse bend results from switching active sliding to the opposite side of the axoneme. However, the mechanochemical states of individual dynein arms within both straight and curved regions and how these change during beating has until now eluded experimental observation. Recently, Lin and Nicastro used high‐resolution cryo‐electron tomography to determine the power stroke state of dyneins along flagella of sea urchin sperm that were rapidly frozen while actively beating. The results reveal that axonemal dyneins are generally in a pre‐power stroke conformation that is thought to yield a force‐balanced state in straight regions; inhibition of this conformational state and microtubule release on specific doublets may then lead to a force imbalance across the axoneme allowing for microtubule sliding and consequently the initiation and formation of a ciliary bend. Propagation of this inhibitory signal from base‐to‐tip and switching the microtubule doublet subsets that are inhibited is proposed to result in oscillatory motion.
Water Soluble Fluorescent Graphene Nanodots
Authors: Singh Shikha , Mitra Kheyanath , Senapati Sudipta , Singh Rajshree , Biswas Yajnaseni , Sen Gupta Susanta K. , Misra Nira , Mandal Tarun K. , Maiti Pralay , Ray Biswajit 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWater soluble fluorescent graphene nanodots (GND) have been successfully prepared through a bottom up approach from brominated pyrene via alkaline hydrothermal condensation. FT‐IR, UV‐Vis, Raman, XRD, AFM, and TEM studies have shown the formation of −OH group rich nanodots having graphene features with an approximate size of 90 nm. Steady state and 3D fluorescence studies have shown efficient fluorescence emission with maximum at 540 nm upon excitation at 450 nm in pH≤7. Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (plasmid DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) have shown their interaction with GND, which was studied via fluorescence quenching of GND and BSA, respectively. Selective quenching of the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) of BSA‐GND conjugate via ascorbic acid (AA) has been used to construct a calibration curve for AA estimation with a linear range and limit of detection of 34.00–112.00 μmole/L and 31.343 μmole/L, respectively. GND has also shown concentration‐dependent turn offchemosensing towards heavy metals like Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+ and Zn2+. In‐vitromulticolor fluorescence imaging has been observed in GND‐labelled HeLa (human cervical cancer) and NIH‐3T3 (mouse embryonic fibroblast) cell lines with better uptake by HeLa cells. GND also has shown very high viability for both the cell lines up to the tested concentration of 300 μg/mL.
Silaffin‐Inspired Peptide Assemblies Template Silica Particles with Variable Morphologies
Authors: Kamalov Meder , Capel Patrick D. , Rentenberger Christian , Müllner Alexander R. M. , Peterlik Herwig , Becker Christian F. W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA peptidic system is described containing linear and branched peptides based on the RRIL motif that is found in silaffin proteins in diatoms. These peptides form structured assemblies, in which the resulting morphology is dictated by single‐residue changes in their primary sequences as well as by changes in stereochemistry. The resulting supramolecular assemblies serve as templates that can precipitate nanostructured silica in a biomimetic manner under mild reaction conditions.
Highly Efficient Energy Transfer Cassettes by Assembly of Boronic Acid Derived Salicylidenehydrazone Complexes
Authors: Santos Fábio M. F. , Domínguez Zoe , Alcaide María M. , Matos Ana I. , Florindo Helena F. , Candeias Nuno R. , Gois Pedro M. P. , Pischel Uwe 
Published: September 2018

AbstractEnergy transfer cassettes that build on the platform of boronic acid derived salicylidenehydrazone (BASHY) complexes were prepared. The functional flexibility of the BASHY chromophore was underpinned by its tunable role as energy donor or acceptor, integrated in compact and non‐conjugated bichromophoric dyads. The energy transfer is highly efficient (ΦET>0.95) and is assumed to proceed mainly via a through‐bond mechanism. Both constituent chromophores benefit mutually from their integration in the cassettes: a) The pseudo Stokes shift is increased to 110–200 nm; b) the antenna (donor) chromophore improves the light absorption of the acceptor chromophore; and c) the emission window of the BASHY chromophore is expanded in the BASHY‐Bodipy dye without using strategies that compromise the observation of high quantum yields. The application of the cassettes for the formulation of fluorescent polymeric nanoparticles, that can be internalized in cells and observed by fluorescence imaging, was demonstrated using the BASHY‐Bodipy dye as an example.
Effectiveness of small monitoring skin paddle in free muscle flap for scalp reconstruction
Authors: Park Seong Oh , Son Yoosung , Kim Il‐Kug , Jin Ung Sik , Chang Hak 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundMonitoring free muscle flaps with skin grafts is difficult. To intensify the monitoring process for this type of flap, a small skin paddle was included in the flap and analyzed its effects.MethodsA retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent scalp reconstruction with a free latissimus dorsi flap and skin graft between 1994 and 2016 was conducted. Flap monitoring was proceeded using a combination of clinical examination and handheld Doppler for both types of flaps.ResultsA total of 71 patients were included in this study and were divided into a study group (skin paddle included; n = 30) and a control group (conventional method; n = 41). The time between initial surgery to pedicle exploration was significantly shorter in the study group (11.3 ± 2.5 vs 79.8 ± 42.6 hours; P = .024). The flap salvage rate was significantly higher in the study group (100% vs 16.7%; P = .048).ConclusionThe efficacy of flap monitoring and flap salvage outcomes were improved by including a small monitoring skin flap.
Unsuppressed serum albumin levels may jeopardize the clinical relevance of the international staging system to patients with light chain myeloma
Authors: Kasamatsu Tetsuhiro , Ozaki Shuji , Saitoh Takayuki , Konishi Jun , Sunami Kazutaka , Itagaki Mitsuhiro , Asaoku Hideki , Cho Takaaki , Handa Hiroshi , Hagiwara Shotaro , Wakayama Toshio , Negoro Akiko , Takezako Naoki , Harada Naoko , Kuroda Yoshiaki , Nakaseko Chiaki , Miyake Takaaki , Inoue Nobumasa , Hata Hiroyuki , Shimazaki Chihiro , Ohno Tatsuharu , Kuroda Junya , Murayama Tohru , Kobayashi Takahiro , Abe Masahiro , Ishida Tadao , Nagura Eiich , Shimizu Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe international staging system (ISS) is the most commonly used risk‐stratification system for patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and is determined by serum albumin and β2‐microglobulin levels. In the two determinants, β2‐microglobulin levels are frequently observed to be elevated in patients with myeloma, particularly in those with renal impairment. In comparison with patients with intact immunoglobulin myeloma, patients with LC myeloma do not necessarily show decreased levels of serum albumin. The clinical impact of ISS in patients with LCMM, in particular the distinction between ISS I and II, may be complicated due to non‐decreased levels of serum albumin in both stages. Accordingly, we have attempted to assess clinical relevance of the ISS in patients with LC myeloma. The clinical data of 1899 patients with MM diagnosed between January 2001 and December 2012 were collected from 38 affiliated hospitals of the Japanese Society of Myeloma. Significant difference was not found between stage I (n = 72) and stage II (n = 92) in LC myeloma patients (n = 307). The mean serum albumin concentration of patients with LC myeloma was within the reference range but higher than that of patients with IgG + IgA myeloma (n = 1501), which complicates the distinction between ISS stage I and II myeloma. Patients with LC myeloma had low frequencies of t(4; 14) and high frequency of elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and despite a relevant amount of missing data in our registry (R‐ISS stage I; n = 11, stage II; n = 32, and stage III: n = 18), the information included in the R‐ISS scoring system seems to be more accurate than ISS to obtain a reliable risk stratification approach in non‐ISS stage III LC myeloma patients.
Load transfer, damage, and failure in ligaments and tendons
Authors: Zitnay Jared L. , Weiss Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2018

ABSTRACTThe function of ligaments and tendons is to support and transmit loads applied to the musculoskeletal system. These tissues are often able to perform their function for many decades; however, connective tissue disease and injury can compromise ligament and tendon integrity. A range of protein and non‐protein constituents, combined in a complex structural hierarchy from the collagen molecule to the tissue and covering nanometer to centimeter length scales, govern tissue function, and impart characteristic non‐linear material behavior. This review summarizes the structure of ligaments and tendons, the roles of their constituent components for load transfer across the hierarchy of structure, and the current understanding of how damage occurs in these tissues. Disease and injury can alter the constituent make‐up and structural organization of ligaments and tendons, affecting tissue function, while also providing insight to the role and interactions of individual constituents. The studies and techniques presented here have helped to understand the relationship between tissue constituents and the physical mechanisms (e.g., stretching, sliding) that govern material behavior at and between length scales. In recent years, new techniques have been developed to probe ever smaller length scales and may help to elucidate mechanisms of load transfer and damage and the molecular constituents involved in the in the earliest stages of ligament and tendon damage. A detailed understanding of load transfer and damage from the molecular to the tissue level may elucidate targets for the treatment of connective tissue diseases and inform practice to prevent and rehabilitate ligament and tendon injuries. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3093–3104, 2018.
Influence of boron carbide content on the microstructure, tensile strength and fracture behavior of boron carbide reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites
Authors: Raj R. , Thakur D.G. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the present work, an indigenously developed low cost modified stir casting technique is developed for the processing of 6061 Al‐B4C composites containing high‐volume fraction of boron carbide particles (up to 20 vol. %). The influence of varying reinforcement content on the spatial distribution of boron carbide in the aluminum matrix is qualitatively characterized using scanning electron microscope. At a lower volume fraction of reinforcement, wide particle free zone and large interparticle spacing were observed in the matrix while the composite with high reinforcement content displayed relatively homogeneous and discrete particle distribution. X‐ray diffraction analysis confirms the presence of only aluminum and boron carbide diffraction peaks, indicating that no significant reaction occurs during composite processing. The tensile behavior of composites revealed that strength and ductility are influenced by varying particulate content. The quantitative analysis of strengthening mechanism in the casted composites showed that higher volume fraction of boron carbide lead to larger values of thermal dislocation strengthening, grain size and strain gradient strengthening. The morphology of fracture surfaces reveals the presence of dimple network and the average size of dimples gradually decreases with the increase in particulate content, which indicates the co‐existence of ductile and brittle fracture.
Investigation on alkalinity reduction methods of eco‐porous concrete
Authors: Yang J.W. , Gao T. , Yin J. , Wu S.Y. , Liang Q. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLaboratory tests were conducted to investigate the different alkalinity reduction methods. Single alkalinity‐reduced treatment and hybrid alkalinity‐reduced method were employed respectively. Single alkalinity‐reduced treatment methods include oxalic acid soaking, oxalic acid spraying and deep penetrating sealer (DPS) spraying. The hybrid alkalinity‐reduced method used silica fume (SF) and ferrous sulfate. Deep penetrating sealer spraying and rapid carbonization were performed in the hybrid alkalinity‐reduced treatment. The compressive strength and alkalinity of eco‐porous concrete were evaluated by employing different alkalinity‐reduced methods. The results showed that effect of single alkalinity‐reduced treatment on the strength of eco‐porous concrete is not obvious. The 28‐day compressive strength of the specimens was 7.8 MPa ‐ 10.3 MPa and the pH value was about 10.4. By using hybrid alkalinity‐reduced method, the rapid carbonization and alkali solidification gave the best performance in strength and alkalinity reduction. The 28‐day compressive strength was 8.1 MPa and pH value was reduced to 10.0.
Comparative experimental study on the modification of microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded and gas metal arc welded EN AW‐6061 O aluminum alloys by post‐weld heat treatment
Authors: Gençer G.M. , Öztoprak N. , Serindağ H.T. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the effects of post‐weld heat treatment on modification of microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welded and gas metal arc welded AA6061‐O plates were compared with each other. Gas metal arc welding and friction stir welding were used as the applicable welding processes for AA6061‐O alloys. The applied post‐weld heat treatment consisted of solution heat treatment, followed by water quenching and finally artificial aging. The samples were classified as post‐weld heat treated and as‐welded joints. The microstructural evolution, tensile properties, hardness features and fracture surfaces of both as‐welded and post‐weld heat treated samples were reported. The results clearly showed that friction stir welding process demonstrated better and more consistent mechanical properties by comparison with the gas metal arc welding process. The weld region of as‐welded samples exhibited a higher hardness value of 80 HV0.1 compared to the base material. In addition, the feasibility of post‐weld heat treatment in order to enhance the mechanical properties and to obtain more homogeneous microstructure of 6061‐O aluminum alloys was evaluated.
Hot deformation behavior and processing map of a Fe‐25Ni‐16Cr‐3Al alumina‐forming austenitic steel
Authors: Sun S. , Zhou Z. , Xu S. , Wang M. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe hot deformation behavior of a Fe‐25Ni‐16Cr‐3Al alumina‐forming austenitic steel was studied by hot compression using a Gleeble‐3500 thermal simulator. The compression tests were carried out in the temperatures range from 925 °C to 1175 °C and strain rates range from 0.01 s‐1 to 10 s‐1. It was concluded that the flow stress increased with decreasing deformation temperature and increasing strain rate. The constitutive equation was obtained and the activation energy was 420.98 kJ⋅mol‐1 according to the testing data. According to the achieved processing map, the optimal processing domain is determined in the temperatures range of 1050 °C – 1075 °C and strain rates range of 0.03 s‐1 ‐ 0.3 s‐1. The evolution of microstructure characterization is consistent with the rules predicted by the processing map. During compression at the same temperature, the higher the strain rate is, the higher the hardness will be. The ultimate tensile strength of the steel is 779 MPa with a total elongation of 27.1 % at room temperature.
A fertility needs assessment survey of male cancer patients
Authors: Perez Samara , Lambert Sylvie D. , Lee Virginia , Loiselle Carmen G. , Chan Peter , Gupta Abha , Lo Kirk , Rosberger Zeev , Zelkowitz Phyllis 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe fertility‐related informational needs and practices, and to examine if demographic characteristics are related to these needs and practices.MethodsA needs assessment survey was conducted at three Canadian cancer centres.Results192 male cancer patients (Mage = 33.6) completed the survey. Most patients (70%) recalled having had a discussion with a health care provider regarding their fertility and 44% banked their sperm. Patients reported not getting all the information that they wanted, eg, the risk that a future child may have the same type of cancer (78%), and what was covered by insurance plans (71%). Barriers to sperm preservation were urgency to begin cancer treatment (49%), not planning to have a child in the future (47%) and worries that cancer could be passed on to future children (38%). Participants' age and being the parent of a child were significantly associated with having had a discussion about fertility. Participants' age, province, being the parent of a child and the desire for future children were significantly associated with fertility preservation.ConclusionsDiscussions with health care providers were more frequent, and fertility preservation rates were higher than in past studies, but still not all patients' questions were answered. Misconceptions about passing on cancer to one's child, and that sperm preservation will delay treatment, should be dispelled. Health care providers can ask patients if they have any desire to have children in the future as a way to initiate a discussion of fertility preservation. Key information gaps and psychosocial resource needs are suggested to fully meet male cancer patients' fertility‐related concerns.
Monitoring of linear profiles using generalized likelihood ratio control chart with variable sampling interval
Authors: Hafez Darbani Farhad , Shadman Alireza 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe usual practice in using a control chart to monitor a profile is to take samples from the process with fixed sampling intervals. This article considered the use of generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) chart with a variable sampling interval (VSI) to monitor simple linear profiles. The performance of the VSI GLR chart was compared with that of the GLR chart with a fixed sampling rate. The results indicated the superiority of the VSI GLR chart over all possible single step changes in the intercept, slope, and standard deviation. Also, an example was provided to explain the implementation of the VSI GLR chart.