bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Signature of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell‐Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: van Balkom Bas W. M. , Gremmels Hendrik , Giebel Bernd , Lim Sai Kiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (EVs) are 50–200 nm vesicles secreted by most cells. They are considered as mediators of intercellular communication, and EVs from specific cell types, in particular mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), offer powerful therapeutic potential, and can provide a novel therapeutic strategy. They appear promising and safe (as EVs are non‐self‐replicating), and eventually MSC‐derived EVs (MSC‐EVs) may be developed to standardized, off‐the‐shelf allogeneic regenerative and immunomodulatory therapeutics. Promising pre‐clinical data have been achieved using MSCs from different sources as EV‐producing cells. Similarly, a variety EV isolation and characterization methods have been applied. Interestingly, MSC‐EVs obtained from different sources and prepared with different methods show in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects, indicating that isolated EVs share a common potential. Here, well‐characterized and controlled, publicly available proteome profiles of MSC‐EVs are compared to identify a common MSC‐EV protein signature that might be coupled to the MSC‐EVs’ common therapeutic potential. This protein signature may be helpful in developing MSC‐EV quality control platforms required to confirm the identity and test for the purity of potential therapeutic MSC‐EVs.
Application of Extracellular Vesicles Proteomics to Cardiovascular Disease: Guidelines, Data Analysis, and Future Perspectives
Authors: Barrachina Maria N. , Calderón‐Cruz Beatriz , Fernandez‐Rocca Lucía , García Ángel 
Published: November 2018

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of vesicles composed of a lipid bilayer that carry a large repertoire of molecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In this review, some guidelines for plasma‐derived EVs isolation, characterization, and proteomic analysis, and the application of the above to cardiovascular disease (CVD) studies are provided. For EVs analysis, blood samples should be collected using a 21‐gauge needle, preferably in citrate tubes, and plasma stored for up to 1 year at −80°, using a single freeze–thaw cycle. For proteomic applications, differential centrifugation (including ultracentrifugation steps) is a good option for EVs isolation. EVs characterization is done by transmission electron microscopy, particle enumeration techniques (nanoparticle‐tracking analysis, dynamic light scattering), and flow cytometry. Regarding the proteomics strategy, a label‐free and gel‐free quantitative method is a good choice due to its accuracy and because it minimizes the amount of sample required for clinical applications. Besides the above, main EVs proteomic findings in cardiovascular‐related diseases are presented and analyzed in this review, paying especial attention to overlapping results between studies. The latter might offer new insights into the clinical relevance and potential of novel EVs biomarkers identified to date in the context of CVD.
Fine mapping of hydrophobic contacts reassesses the organization of the first three dystrophin coiled‐coil repeats
Authors: Mias‐Lucquin Dominique , Chéron Angélique , Le Rumeur Elisabeth , Hubert Jean‐François , Delalande Olivier 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTCoiled‐coil domain is a structural motif found in proteins crucial for achievement of central biological processes, such as cellular cohesion or neuro‐transmission. The coiled‐coil fold consists of alpha‐helices bundle that can be repeated to form larger filament. Hydrophobic residues, distributed following a regular seven‐residues’ pattern, named heptad pattern, are commonly admitted to be essential for the formation and the stability of canonical coiled‐coil repeats. Here we investigated the first three coiled‐coil repeats (R1–R3) of the central domain of dystrophin, a scaffolding protein in muscle cells whose deficiency leads to Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophies. By an atomic description of the hydrophobic interactions, we highlighted (i) that coiled‐coil filament conformational changes are associated to specific patterns of inter‐helices hydrophobic contacts, (ii) that inter‐repeat hydrophobic interactions determine the behavior of linker regions including filament kinks, and (iii) that a non‐strict conservation of the heptad patterns is leading to a relative plasticity of the dystrophin coiled‐coil repeats. These structural features and modulations of the coiled‐coil fold could better explain the mechanical properties of the central domain of dystrophin. This contribution to the understanding of the structure–function relationship of dystrophin, and especially of the R1–R3 fragment frequently used in the design of protein for gene therapies, should help in the improvement of the strategies for the cure of muscular dystrophies.
The role of time‐varying rare disaster risks in predicting bond returns and volatility
Authors: Gupta Rangan , Suleman Tahir , Wohar Mark E. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to provide empirical evidence to the theoretical claim that rare disaster risks affect government bond market movements. Using a nonparametric quantiles‐based methodology, we show that rare disaster‐risks affect only volatility, but not returns, of 10‐year government bond of the United States over the monthly period of 1918:01 to 2013:12. In addition, the predictability of volatility holds for the majority of the conditional distribution of the volatility, with the exception of the extreme ends. Moreover, in general, similar results are also obtained for long‐term government bonds of an alternative developed country (UK) and an emerging market (South Africa).
AncestryPainter: A Graphic Program for Displaying Ancestry Composition of Populations and Individuals
Authors: Feng Qidi , Lu Dongsheng , Xu Shuhua 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Ancestry composition of populations and individuals has been extensively investigated in recent years due to advances in the genotyping and sequencing technologies. As the number of populations and individuals used for ancestry inference increases remarkably, say more than 100 populations or 1000 individuals, it is usually challenging to present the ancestry composition in a traditional way using a rectangular graph. To address this issue, we developed a program, AncestryPainter, which can illustrate the ancestry composition of populations and individuals with a rounded and nice-looking graph to save space. Individuals are depicted as length-fixed bars partitioned into colored segments representing different ancestries, and the population of interest can be highlighted as a pie chart in the center of the circle plot. In addition, AncestryPainter can also be applied to display personal ancestry in a way similar to that for displaying population ancestry. AncestryPainter is publicly available at http://www.picb.ac.cn/PGG/resource.php.
Border closures and the externalization of immigration controls in the Mediterranean: A comparative analysis of Morocco and Turkey – RETRACTED
Authors: Üstübici Ayşen , İçduygu Ahmet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article traces the recent history of border closures in Turkey and Morocco and their impact on human mobility at the two ends of the Mediterranean. Border closures in the Mediterranean have produced new spaces where borders are often fenced, immigration securitized, and border crossings and those facilitating border crossings criminalized. Here, bordering practices are conceptualized as physical bordering practices, border controls, and legal measures. Turkey and Morocco constitute comparable cases for an analysis of border closures insofar as they utilize similar mechanisms of closure, despite having quite different outcomes in terms of numbers. The article’s findings are based on fieldwork conducted at both locations between 2012 and 2014, as well as on analysis of Frontex Risk Assessment Reports from 2010 to 2016. The first part of the article reflects on the concepts of border closure and securitization, together with their implications, and draws for its argument on critical security studies and critical border studies. The second part of the article is an overview of controls over mobility exercised in the Mediterranean from the 1990s onward. Then, in the third and fourth parts, we turn to the particular cases—respectively, Turkey and Morocco—in order to discuss their processes of border closure and the various implications thereof. Through analysis of the two country cases, we show that border closures are neither linear nor irreversible.
Release site selection: reintroductions and the habitat concept
Authors: Stadtmann Sven , Seddon Philip J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIdentifying release sites with good habitat quality is one of the most important steps in any reintroduction project. However, despite their wide application in legislation and research, the habitat concept and habitat-related terms remain poorly defined and subject to confusion. Reviewing a variety of definitions, we advocate for understanding habitat as an area with a species-specific set of resources and environmental conditions that enable a population to persist and reproduce. Using this understanding we investigated release site selection as well as the usage of the term habitat and other habitat-related terms in 324 reintroduction case studies and reintroduction policy documents published during January 1990–May 2016. Although the use of the habitat concept in these publications remained mostly unclear because of the lack of definitions provided, we found an overall improvement in the quality of reintroduction site assessment, and a shift towards more systematic approaches, such as habitat modelling and experimental translocation. To further improve reporting on release site selection, we recommend updating IUCN reintroduction publications and encouraging practitioners to consider the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of habitat, as well as the multiple scales at which a species selects its habitat, in the design of a release site assessment.
Top food sources of percentage of energy, nutrients to limit and total gram amount consumed among US adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2014
Authors: Leme Ana Carolina , Baranowski Tom , Thompson Debbe , Philippi Sonia , O’Neil Carol , Fulgoni Victor , Nicklas Theresa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify most commonly consumed foods by adolescents contributing to percentage of total energy, added sugars, SFA, Na and total gram intake per day.DesignData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014.SettingNHANES is a cross-sectional study nationally representative of the US population.ParticipantsOne 24 h dietary recall was used to assess dietary intake of 3156 adolescents aged 10–19 years. What We Eat in America food category classification system was used for all foods consumed. Food sources of energy, added sugars, SFA, Na and total gram amount consumed were sample-weighted and ranked based on percentage contribution to intake of total amount.ResultsThree-highest ranked food subgroup sources of total energy consumed were: sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB; 7·8 %); sweet bakery products (6·9 %); mixed dishes – pizza (6·6 %). Highest ranked food sources of total gram amount consumed were: plain water (33·1 %); SSB (15·8 %); milk (7·2 %). Three highest ranked food sources of total Na were: mixed dishes – pizza (8·7 %); mixed dishes – Mexican (6·7 %); cured meats/poultry (6·6 %). Three highest ranked food sources of SFA were: mixed dishes – pizza (9·1 %); sweet bakery products (8·3 %); mixed dishes – Mexican (7·9 %). Three highest ranked food sources of added sugars were: SSB (42·1 %); sweet bakery products (12·1 %); coffee and tea (7·6 %).ConclusionsIdentifying current food sources of percentage energy, nutrients to limit and total gram amount consumed among US adolescents is critical for designing strategies to help them meet nutrient recommendations within energy needs.
Memory of Medical Scenarios for End-of-Life Support Preferences
Authors: García-Bajos Elvira , Migueles Malen 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe studied memory of health scenarios for end-of-life support decisions and stability of life support preferences. Psychology students (n= 36, ageM= 27.25,SD= 6.21, 64% females) were administered the Life Support Preferences Questionnaire to assess their memory of six medical scenarios with different prognoses, care treatment, and end-of-life support choices. Recall, recognition, confidence and decision stability were assessed immediately and one month later. Correct recall decreased and incorrect recall increased from immediate to long-term recall,F(2, 68) = 74.38,p< .001, η2p= .69. In recall, participants spontaneously gave false information consistent with prior knowledge of illnesses and medical scenarios. Participants who had suffered a disease or serious accident did worse on correct recall,F(1, 34) = 6.59,p= .015, η2p= .16, and had more errors,F(1, 34) = 4.68,p= .038, η2p= .12, than participants who had not. In the recognition test there were no differences between hits and false alarms, showing the difficulty in discriminating between true and false contents. Confidence was greater for hits than for false alarms,F(1, 34) = 10.86,p= .002, η2p= .24, but this subjective measure did not seem to be a good predictor of accuracy because confidence was greater than the mean value for hits (p =.001,d= 1.74) and for false alarms (p =.001,d= 0.96). Long-term memory was quite poor and biased, but life support preferences did not change much.
Flux of Particulate Elements in the North Atlantic Ocean Constrained by Multiple Radionuclides
Authors: Hayes Christopher T. , Black Erin E. , Anderson Robert F. , Baskaran Mark , Buesseler Ken O. , Charette Matthew A. , Cheng Hai , Cochran J. Kirk , Edwards R. Lawrence , Fitzgerald Patrick , Lam Phoebe J. , Lu Yanbin , Morris Stephanie O. , Ohnemus Daniel C. , Pavia Frank J. , Stewart Gillian , Tang Yi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSinking particles strongly regulate the distribution of reactive chemical substances in the ocean, including particulate organic carbon and other elements (e.g., P, Cd, Mn, Cu, Co, Fe, Al, and 232Th). Yet, the sinking fluxes of trace elements have not been well described in the global ocean. The U.S. GEOTRACES campaign in the North Atlantic (GA03) offers the first data set in which the sinking flux of carbon and trace elements can be derived using four different radionuclide pairs (238U:234Th ;210Pb:210Po; 228Ra:228Th; and 234U:230Th) at stations co‐located with sediment trap fluxes for comparison. Particulate organic carbon, particulate P, and particulate Cd fluxes all decrease sharply with depth below the euphotic zone. Particulate Mn, Cu, and Co flux profiles display mixed behavior, some cases reflecting biotic remineralization, and other cases showing increased flux with depth. The latter may be related to either lateral input of lithogenic material or increased scavenging onto particles. Lastly, particulate Fe fluxes resemble fluxes of Al and 232Th, which all have increasing flux with depth, indicating a dominance of lithogenic flux at depth by resuspended sediment transported laterally to the study site. In comparing flux estimates derived using different isotope pairs, differences result from different timescales of integration and particle size fractionation effects. The range in flux estimates produced by different methods provides a robust constraint on the true removal fluxes, taking into consideration the independent uncertainties associated with each method. These estimates will be valuable targets for biogeochemical modeling and may also offer insight into particle sinking processes.
Effects of Version 2 of the International Sunspot Number on Naïve Predictions of Solar Cycle 25
Authors: Pesnell W. Dean 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe recalibration of the International Sunspot Number brings new challenges to predictions of Solar Cycle 25. One is that the list of extrema for the original series is no longer usable because the values of all maxima and minima are different for the new version of the sunspot number. Timings of extrema are less sensitive to the recalibration but are a natural result of the calculation. Predictions of Solar Cycle 25 published before 2016 must be converted to the new version of the sunspot number. Any prediction method that looks across the entire time span will have to be reconsidered because values in the nineteenth century were corrected by a larger factor than those in the twentieth century. We report a list of solar maxima and minima values and timings based on the recalibrated sunspot number. Naïve forecasts that depend only on the current values of the time series are common in economic studies. Several naïve predictions of Solar Cycle 25, the climatological average (180 ± 60), two versions of the inertial forecast, and two versions of the even‐odd forecast, are derived from that table. The climatological average forecast is the baseline for more accurate predictions and the initial forecast in assimilative models of the Sun. It also provides the error estimate for Monte Carlo techniques that anticipate the long‐term effects on the terrestrial environment. The other four predictions are shown to be statistically insignificant.
Watt-scale super-octave mid-infrared intrapulse difference frequency generation
Authors: Gaida Christian , Gebhardt Martin , Heuermann Tobias , Stutzki Fabian , Jauregui Cesar , Antonio-Lopez Jose , Schülzgen Axel , Amezcua-Correa Rodrigo , Tünnermann Andreas , Pupeza Ioachim , Limpert Jens 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe development of high-power, broadband sources of coherent mid-infrared radiation is currently the subject of intense research that is driven by a substantial number of existing and continuously emerging applications in medical diagnostics, spectroscopy, microscopy, and fundamental science. One of the major, long-standing challenges in improving the performance of these applications has been the construction of compact, broadband mid-infrared radiation sources, which unify the properties of high brightness and spatial and temporal coherence. Due to the lack of such radiation sources, several emerging applications can be addressed only with infrared (IR)-beamlines in large-scale synchrotron facilities, which are limited regarding user access and only partially fulfill these properties. Here, we present a table-top, broadband, coherent mid-infrared light source that provides brightness at an unprecedented level that supersedes that of synchrotrons in the wavelength range between 3.7 and 18 µm by several orders of magnitude. This result is enabled by a high-power, few-cycle Tm-doped fiber laser system, which is employed as a pump at 1.9 µm wavelength for intrapulse difference frequency generation (IPDFG). IPDFG intrinsically ensures the formation of carrier-envelope-phase stable pulses, which provide ideal prerequisites for state-of-the-art spectroscopy and microscopy.
Evidence for genetic contribution to the increased risk of type 2 diabetes in schizophrenia
Authors: Hackinger Sophie , Prins Bram , Mamakou Vasiliki , Zengini Eleni , Marouli Eirini , Brčić Luka , Serafetinidis Ioannis , Lamnissou Klea , Kontaxakis Vassilis , Dedoussis George , Gonidakis Fragiskos , Thanopoulou Anastasia , Tentolouris Nikolaos , Tsezou Aspasia , Zeggini Eleftheria 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe epidemiologic link between schizophrenia (SCZ) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the presence and extent of a shared genetic background between SCZ and T2D using genome-wide approaches. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and polygenic risk score analysis in a Greek sample collection (GOMAP) comprising three patient groups: SCZ only (n = 924), T2D only (n = 822), comorbid SCZ and T2D (n = 505); samples from two separate Greek cohorts were used as population-based controls (n = 1,125). We used genome-wide summary statistics from two large-scale GWAS of SCZ and T2D from the PGC and DIAGRAM consortia, respectively, to perform genetic overlap analyses, including a regional colocalisation test. We show for the first time that patients with comorbid SCZ and T2D have a higher genetic predisposition to both disorders compared to controls. We identify five genomic regions with evidence of colocalising SCZ and T2D signals, three of which contain known loci for both diseases. We also observe a significant excess of shared association signals between SCZ and T2D at nine out of ten investigatedpvalue thresholds. Finally, we identify 29 genes associated with both T2D and SCZ, several of which have been implicated in biological processes relevant to these disorders. Together our results demonstrate that the observed comorbidity between SCZ and T2D is at least in part due to shared genetic mechanisms.
Honey bee Royalactin unlocks conserved pluripotency pathway in mammals
Authors: Wan Derrick C. , Morgan Stefanie L. , Spencley Andrew L. , Mariano Natasha , Chang Erin Y. , Shankar Gautam , Luo Yunhai , Li Ted H. , Huh Dana , Huynh Star K. , Garcia Jasmine M. , Dovey Cole M. , Lumb Jennifer , Liu Ling , Brown Katharine V. , Bermudez Abel , Luong Richard , Zeng Hong , Mascetti Victoria L. , Pitteri Sharon J. , Wang Jordon , Tu Hua , Quarta Marco , Sebastiano Vittorio , Nusse Roel , Rando Thomas A. , Carette Jan E. , Bazan J. Fernando , Wang Kevin C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRoyal jelly is the queen-maker for the honey bee Apis mellifera, and has cross-species effects on longevity, fertility, and regeneration in mammals. Despite this knowledge, how royal jelly or its components exert their myriad effects has remained poorly understood. Using mouse embryonic stem cells as a platform, here we report that through its major protein component Royalactin, royal jelly can maintain pluripotency by activating a ground-state pluripotency-like gene network. We further identify Regina, a mammalian structural analog of Royalactin that also induces a naive-like state in mouse embryonic stem cells. This reveals an important innate program for stem cell self-renewal with broad implications in understanding the molecular regulation of stem cell fate across species.
Mutant p53s generate pro-invasive niches by influencing exosome podocalyxin levels
Authors: Novo David , Heath Nikki , Mitchell Louise , Caligiuri Giuseppina , MacFarlane Amanda , Reijmer Dide , Charlton Laura , Knight John , Calka Monika , McGhee Ewan , Dornier Emmanuel , Sumpton David , Mason Susan , Echard Arnaud , Klinkert Kerstin , Secklehner Judith , Kruiswijk Flore , Vousden Karen , Macpherson Iain R. , Blyth Karen , Bailey Peter , Yin Huabing , Carlin Leo M. , Morton Jennifer , Zanivan Sara , Norman Jim C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMutant p53s (mutp53) increase cancer invasiveness by upregulating Rab-coupling protein (RCP) and diacylglycerol kinase-α (DGKα)-dependent endosomal recycling. Here we report that mutp53-expressing tumour cells produce exosomes that mediate intercellular transfer of mutp53’s invasive/migratory gain-of-function by increasing RCP-dependent integrin recycling in other tumour cells. This process depends on mutp53’s ability to control production of the sialomucin, podocalyxin, and activity of the Rab35 GTPase which interacts with podocalyxin to influence its sorting to exosomes. Exosomes from mutp53-expressing tumour cells also influence integrin trafficking in normal fibroblasts to promote deposition of a highly pro-invasive extracellular matrix (ECM), and quantitative second harmonic generation microscopy indicates that this ECM displays a characteristic orthogonal morphology. The lung ECM of mice possessing mutp53-driven pancreatic adenocarcinomas also displays increased orthogonal characteristics which precedes metastasis, indicating that mutp53 can influence the microenvironment in distant organs in a way that can support invasive growth.