bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Treatment Through The Dynamics of pH, COD, N/P Ratio Value and Plankton Abundance
Authors: Nindarwi Daruti Dinda 
Published: July 2019

Environmental quality cultivation of considerable influence against the survival and growth of living beings in the water. Improvements to the environmental conditions of cultivation in order to remain stable and optimal for aquatic organisms, including fish as aquaculture animals become very necessary one, namely the granting of Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) and NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate). The application of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3 in fish farming serves as the buffer pH of pond water. In addition, the application of both these materials also function as degradation organic matter chemically, control the ratio N/P and the abundance of plankton in the water. This research aims to know the dynamics of the pH value, COD, N/P ratio and abundance of plankton by administering calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) in the water. Methodology this research uses descriptive survey method or a method of research that aimed to describe existing phenomena, which takes place at the moment or the past. The results of the measurement of the pH value before the grant of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3 that is of 6.6-6.8 whereas after the grant of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3, there is increased and decreased range between 6.8-7.4. The results of the measurement of the value of COD prior to the grant of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3 that is ranged between 72.5-32.5 mg/l while the after grant of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3, there is increased and decreased ranged between 26-55 mg/l, results of measurement of the value of the ratio N/P before the grant of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3 on all points of observation that is ranged between 3.15 – 3.68 while following the grant of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3, there is a decrease and an increase in the value of the ratio N/P a row ranges between 1.67 – 1.8 and 13.8 – 15.18. Observations a total density of plankton showed before the grant of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3 that is in the range 206.250-1.103.125 x104 ind/l whereas after the grant of Ca(OH)2 and there is a decrease in the density of NaHCO3 total plankton reach 9.375x104 ind/l. Research has been done gives the conclusion that the grant of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3 pH value can increase and may decrease the value of the COD. the ratio N/P and a density of total plankton. Suggestions for research is expected to do further research about the grant of Ca(OH)2 and NaHCO3 pH Dynamics against, COD, N/P ratio and abundance of plankton in summer.
Moderate and deep sedation for non-invasive paediatric procedures in tertiary maternity and children’s hospitals in China: A questionnaire survey from China
Authors: Li Bo , Zhang Ruidong , Huang Yue , Zhang Kan , Wat Chun Yin , Bai Jie , Zhang Mazhong , Zheng Jijian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Moderate and deep sedation are well-established techniques in many developed countries, and several guidelines have been published. However, they have received attention in China only in recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate current paediatric sedation practices in tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals in China.
Methods: All tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals registered with the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China were invited to participate in an electronic survey, which included information on the sedation caseload, facility availability, staff structure, clinical-skill requirements for sedation providers, fasting guidelines, patient-monitoring practices, and choice of sedatives.
Results: Fifty-eight of the 63 hospitals that completed the survey (92.1%) provided moderate and deep sedation. Dedicated sedation rooms and post-sedation recovery rooms were found in only 14 (24.1%) and 19 (32.8%) hospitals, respectively. Sedation for non-invasive procedures was primarily performed by anaesthesiologists (69.0%); however, 75.9% of the sedation providers had not received paediatric basic and advanced life-support training. Children were asked to fast from clear liquids for at least 2 h in 44.8% of hospitals and at most 6 h in 5.2% of hospitals; they were asked to fast from solid food/milk for at least 4 h in 27.6% of hospitals and more than 8 h in 1.7% of hospitals. The most commonly used sedative in all groups was chloral hydrate. For rescue, propofol was the most widely used sedative, particularly for children older than 4 years.
Conclusion: Moderate and deep sedation practices vary widely in tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals in China. More optimized practices should be established to improve the quality of moderate and deep sedation.
Chronic Rhinosinusitis is Frequent in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: a Case Control Study
Authors: Steveling-Klein Esther Helen , Gerhards Claudia , Zaehringer Caroline , Hussein Nebal Abu , Dürr Selina , Maier Sabrina , Stippich Cristoph , Welge-Lüssen Antje , Brighenti-Zogg Stephanie , Miedinger David , Leuppi Jörg Daniel 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background:
Prevalence and impact of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) remain unclear. We hypothesized that CRS is more frequent in patients with COPD compared to controls and we aimed to evaluate the odds of CRS in both groups.
Methods:
We recruited patients with COPD and a healthy control group in a tertiary referral hospital in Switzerland. Diagnosis of CRS was defined according to published guidelines and supported by computed tomography (CT) findings. Sino-nasal-outcome-test-20 (SNOT-20) and sino-nasal-outcome-test-primary-nasal-symptom-score (SNOT-PNS-score) were self-assessed with a cut-off for abnormality of >12.
Results:
Data from 83 COPD patients (35 females, age: 67 years ± 10) and 34 controls (18 females, age: 67 years ± 12) were analyzed. In the COPD group 14 out of 83 (20.3%) fulfilled the diagnosis of CRS compared to only 1 out of 34 (3%) in the control group (OR 6.7; 95% CI 0.84-53.10; p = 0.064). Forty-eight COPD patients (59%) and 14 controls (41%) had an abnormal SNOT-20 score (OR 1.96; 95% CI 0.87-4.40; p=0.10), with a median score of 16.0 (ICR 21) in COPD patients compared to a median score of 8.0 (ICR 13) in controls (p=0.001). The SNOT-PNS-score was abnormal in 49 COPD patients (59%) and in 9 controls (26%) (OR 4.00; 95% CI 1.66-9.64; p=0.001). Abnormal findings of the upper airways did not correlate with COPD severity or smoking status.
Conclusions:
CRS was a frequent diagnosis in patients with COPD. CRS reduces quality of life in this patient group.
Effects of initial periodontal therapy on the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA and Porphyromonas gingivalis in Japanese chronic periodontitis patients
Authors: Kato Ayako , Ikeda Yorinobu , Imai Kenichi , Ogata Yorimasa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Initial periodontal therapy (IPT) is cornerstone of periodontal therapy and the first step to control of periodontal risk factors. Scaling and root planing are used to treat root surface irregularities and remove virulent factors caused by periodontal pathogens. This procedure also incorporated into periodontal surgery. To elucidate the effects of IPT on prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA and Porphyromonas gingivalis, we used subgingival plaque samples from chronic periodontitis (CP) patients.

Methods

Seventeen CP patients were recruited and measured periodontal clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP), and subgingival plaque samples were collected from two periodontal sites with PD of <3 mm (healthy sites: HS) or >5 mm (periodontitis sites: PS) at first visit and after IPT. Plaque samples were subjected to a real-time PCR to detect EBV DNA and P. gingivalis.

Results

EBV DNA and P. gingivalis were detected 9 (52.9%) and 14 (82.3%) in the subgingival samples from HS, and 13 (76.5%) and 14 (82.3%) in the PS at first visit. After IPT, number of detections of EBV DNA and P. gingivalis were decreased to 5 (29.4%) and 13 (76.5%) in the HS, and 9 (52.9%) and 10 (58.8%) in the PS. Significant improvements in PD and BOP were observed after IPT in PS. Coexistence of EBV DNA and P. gingivalis in the subgingival samples from PS at first visit (12; 70.6%) were significantly decreased after IPT (6; 35.3%).

Conclusion

These results suggest that the IPT was effective in improvement of clinical parameters such as PD and BOP and reducing the coexistence of EBV and P. gingivalis in the subgingival plaque from PS. However, IPT could not eradicate the EBV and P. gingivalis. Further research would be necessary for improving the periodontal treatment strategy.
Comparison of Antimicrobial Resistant Neisseria gonorrhea to Ceftriaxone and Ciprofloxacin using Partial Proportional Odds Model for patients seen at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: KAPOMBE PRISCILLA , SITALI LUNGOWE , MUSONDA PATRICK 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Neisseria gonorrhea, the causative agent of Gonorrhea, has developed antibiotic resistance to the “last-line” Cephalosporin’s, Quinolones and Macrolides which is cause for concern. In Zambia, despite recommendations of discontinued use, Ciprofloxacin is used for treatment. The lack of an active surveillance system, appropriate and structured data management and analysis tools magnifies the problem because resistance patterns cannot be monitored. The study aimed to ascertain effectiveness of Ciprofloxacin a Quinolone in comparison with Ceftriaxone a Cephalosporin, in treatment of Gonorrhea using Susceptibility testing; and to identify possible risk factors associated with resistance.

Methods

Study design was parallel non-inferior quasi experimental study. Patients at the University Teaching Hospital with discharge and Gonorrhea symptoms who gave consent, were recruited. Fishers Exact Test for associations was used. Data was analyzed using Ordinal logistic regression as the Susceptibility was at 3 levels; Susceptible, Intermediate or Resistant with an assumed Ordinal nature. Proportionality assumption was checked, and when violated Partial Proportional Odds Model was used instead.

Results

A total of 104 isolates were obtained. The overall proportion of patients who had Susceptible, Intermediate and Resistant results were: 49 (47.1%), 55 (52.9%) and 0 (0) for Ceftriaxone and 70 (68.0%), 10 (9.7%) and 22 (22.3%) for Ciprofloxacin respectively. Adjusted estimates in partial Proportional Odds model showed that, Males were 4.1 (95% CI; 1.8, 9.4, p-value=0.001) times more likely to have Intermediate or Susceptible results compared to Resistance than females, or they were more likely to have Susceptible compared to Resistance or Intermediate result compared to females. Ciprofloxacin was 70% less likely than Ceftriaxone of having susceptible or intermediate results compared to resistance and this could be as high as 90% and as high as 40% p-values <0.001).

Conclusion

Level of Ciprofloxacin resistance detected from the Susceptibility testing, shows it is not an effective treatment for Gonorrhea. Ceftriaxone remains a satisfactory option for first-line treatment of Gonorrhea at UTH. Risk factors identified to be associated with resistance in this study were being female and use of Ciprofloxacin.

Ethical Clearance

Ethical clearance was obtained from University of Zambia Biomedical Ethics Research Committee (UNZABREC Ref # 033-06-17).
Analysis of Deep-sequenced Trio-genomes of the Peninsular Malaysia Orang Asli and North Borneo Populations
Authors: Deng Lian , Lou Haiyi , Zhang Xiaoxi , Bhooma Thiruvahindrapuram , Lu Dongsheng , Marshall Christian , Liu Chang , Xie Bo , Xu Wanxing , Wong Lai-Ping , Yew Chee-Wei , Farhang Aghakhanian , Ong Rick Twee-Hee , Hoque Mohammad Zahirul , Thuhairah Abdul Rahman , Jong Bhak , Phipps Maude E. , Scherer Stephen W. , Teo Yik-Ying , Kumar Subbiah Vijay , Hoh Boon Peng , Xu Shuhua 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Recent advances in genomic technologies have facilitated genome-wide investigation of human genetic variations. However, most efforts have focused on the major populations, yet trio genomes of indigenous populations from Southeast Asia have been under-investigated.
Results
We analyzed the whole-genome deep sequencing data (~30×) of five native trios from Malaysia, and discovered approximately 6.9 million single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 1.2 million small insertions and deletions (indels), and 9,000 copy number variants (CNVs) in the 15 samples. We found 3.9% SNVs, 4.7% indels and 22% CNVs were novel, implying the insufficient coverage of population diversity in existing databases. We identified a higher proportion of novel variants in the Orang Asli (OA) samples, i.e., the indigenous people from Peninsular Malaysia, than that of the North Bornean (NB) samples, likely due to more complex demographic history and long-time isolation of the OA groups. We used the pedigree information to identify de novo variants and estimated the mutation rates to be 0.81×10-8–1.33×10-8, 1.0×10-9–2.9×10-9, and ~0.001 per site per generation for SNVs, indels, and CNVs, respectively. The trio-genomes also allowed for accurate haplotype phasing with high accuracy, which serves as references to the future genomic studies of OA and NB populations. In addition, high-frequency inherited CNVs specific to OA or NB were identified. One example was a 50-kb duplication in DEFA1B detected only in the Negrito trios, implying plausible effects on host defense against the exposure of diverse microbial in tropical rainforest environment of these hunter-gatherers. The CNVs shared between OA and NB groups were much fewer than those specific to each group. Nevertheless, we identified a 142-kb duplication in AMY1A in all the 15 samples, and this gene is associated with the high-starch diet. Moreover, novel insertions shared with archaic hominids were identified in our samples.
Conclusion
Our study presents a full catalogue of the genome variants of the native Malaysian populations, which is a complement of the genome diversity in Southeast Asians. It implies specific population history of the native inhabitants, and demonstrated the necessity of more genome sequencing efforts on the multi-ethnic native groups of Malaysia and Southeast Asia.
A Eurasia-wide polyploid species complex involving 6x Trifolium ambiguum, 2x T. occidentale and 4x T. repens produces interspecific hybrids with significance for clover breeding
Authors: Williams Warren , Verry Isabelle M , Ansari Helal A , Hussain S Wajid , Ullah Ihsan , Ellison Nicholas W 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Trifolium ambiguum occurs as a 2x, 4x, 6x polyploid series in W Asia, The 6x form is the most agronomically desirable, having strong rhizomatous spread and drought tolerance. These traits would be potentially very valuable if they could be transferred to white clover (T. repens) which is the most important agronomic clover species. However, to-date, no fertile interspecific hybrids with 6x T. ambiguum are available. Previously, 2x T. occidentale from W Europe has produced synthetic fertile hybrids with both 2x and 4x T. ambiguum and these were inter-fertile with white clover. Here we ask whether 2x T. occidentale can form fertile hybrids with 6x T. ambiguum and act as a genetic bridge to white clover and bring these species together as part of a common gene pool.

Results

Ten verified F1 (6x T. ambiguum x 2x T. occidentale) hybrids were produced by embryo rescue and seven were studied further. All four investigated for chromosome number were 2n=4x=32 and FISH confirmed the expected 21 T. ambiguum and 8 T. occidentale chromosomes. Hybrid fertility was extremely low but 2n female gametes functioned with white clover pollen to produce seeds. Derived plants were confirmed using FISH and were successfully backcrossed to white clover to produce partially fertile breeding populations.

Conclusions

Although T. occidentale and 6x T. ambiguum are widely separated by geography and ecological adaptation they have maintained enough genomic affinity to produce partially fertile hybrids. Inter-fertility of the hybrids with allotetraploid T. repens showed that T. occidentale can provide a genetic bridge between 6x T. ambiguum and white clover to produce plants with new phenotypes combining the traits of all three species. Use of this information should enable potentially valuable stress tolerance traits from 6x T. ambiguum to be used in white clover breeding for the first time.
The association of creativity, creative components of personality, and innovation among nursing students in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Hsing Yuan , Chang Chia-Chen , Wang I-Teng , Chao Shu-Yuan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background:Recent attention has focused on creativity and the ability to develop innovative products (innovation), and the relationship between creativity, personality traits associated with creativity, and innovation. However, the link between creativity, aspects of personality associated with creativity, and innovation are unclear, especially with regards to nurses and nursing education.

Methods:This cross-sectional, descriptive, cor-relational design explored levels of creativity, components of creativity, and innovation among nursing students, and examined the association of creativity, aspects of personality, and innovation. Participants were 98 senior-year nursing students enrolled in a capstone course for developing patentable healthcare-related products at a university in Northern Taiwan. Creativity was measured using the verbal and figural Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT-V and TTCT-F, respectively); creative personality was evaluated with a self-report instrument, the Affective Components of Creativity Scale (ACCS). Innovation was expressed as the mean product creativity score for healthcare products students developed during the capstone course. Four independent judges scored the products for novelty and uniqueness. Correlations were examined with Pearson’s test followed by Bonferroni’s post-hoc adjustment.

Results:Nursing students had moderately high scores for innovation (mean = 91.37, SD = 2.83; range = 83-96). Mean scores on the TTCT-F and TTCT-V were 40.05 (SD = 21.21) and 18.08 (SD = 13.94), respectively. The mean total score on the TTCT was 58.13 (SD = 30.47), indicating a moderate level of creativity for nursing students. The highest mean score of the four components of creative personality was for imagination (4.75, SD = 0.71); challenge and adventure were similar (2.71, SD = 0.31 and 2.53, SD = 0.25, respectively); the lowest score was for curiosity (1.76, SD = 0.23). Mean total score for the ACCS was 2.79 (SD = 0.27). Pearson’s correlations showed innovation was correlated with curiosity (p < .001). There was no significant association between figural or verbal creativity and components of creative personality.

Conclusions:The positive relationship between scores for innovation and curiosity suggest teaching faculty might want to consider strategies for improving nursing students’ abilities to create innovative products by concurrently focusing on methods of increasing curiosity and innovation.
CHANGE OF THE ACID NUMBER OF WHEAT GRAIN FAT WHILE STORED IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Gavrichenkov Yu. D. , Razvorotnev A. S. , Kechkin I. A. , Verezhnikova I. A. 
Published: July 2019

To establish the deadline for freshness and shelf life of wheat during long-term storage, the indicator is considered — acid number of fat (ANF) mg KOH per gram of fat in the stored grain sample. To study the nature of the change of this indicator from temperature and relative humidity of the air, the present studies were performed. Samples of grain, harvest 2017, were placed in a desiccator over salt solutions, which were used to set a certain relative air humidity above the surface of the solution in the range from 35% to 75%. In each desiccator were placed two samples of wheat grain III and IV class weighing about 500 g each. The grain layer in the desiccators was 70–80 mm. To monitor the state of the samples, the Logger 100 TV temperature and relative humidity recorders were placed inside the grain layer with a recording interval of readings after 2 hours. Periodically sampled grain from each desiccator for the determination of ANF and humidity. Acid number of fat was determined by the accepted standard method.The uniformity of humidity values in the desiccators 60% and 75% occurred after two months of storage. For a relative humidity of 35%, 44% arrived after approximately one month of storage. Some fluctuations in relative humidity values are associated with temperature changes at the storage location (laboratory room), as well as with the opening of a desiccator when taking grain samples to determine humidity and ANF. Fluctuations in relative humidity did not exceed 3%. Significant changes (growth) of ANF were observed in the fourth to fifth month of storage the samples at temperatures above 20 °C, at a storage temperature of 10 °C, practically no significant changes in ANF were observed during 9 months of storage.
Effects of habitat and pulp and paper mill contamination on a population of brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans)
Authors: MacDonald Gillian Z. , Hogan Natacha S. , van den Heuvel Michael R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study examined the responses of a population of brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) exposed to pulp mill effluent at Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior, Canada, in May 2007 and May 2011. Brook stickleback were extirpated from the effluent-receiving site, presumably due to anoxia after this period. Females at the effluent-receiving site had significantly larger gonad sizes in 2007 and 2011. In 2011, effluent-exposed female gonadal development was significantly advanced when compared with reference sites; they were the second most mature when compared among three different reference sites. Analysis of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity revealed that effluent-receiving site females had greater CYP1A induction in 2007 and significantly greater CYP1A induction in 2011. Effluent-receiving site males showed significantly reduced CYP1A induction in 2007 and significantly greater induction in 2011. Chemical evaluation of sediment from the receiving environment showed elevated levels of resin acids and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, retene. Higher condition factors and more mature gonads were consistent with higher winter and spring temperatures modified by effluent or by lake vs. stream environments. Overall, effects on effluent-exposed brook stickleback were not consistent with reported effects in white sucker exposed to the same effluent in previous studies.
This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).