bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community structure and functional genes in radionuclide contaminated soils in Chernobyl and Fukushima
Authors: Hoyos-Hernandez Carolina , Courbert Christelle , Simonucci Caroline , David Sebastien , Vogel Timothy M , Larose Catherine 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Chernobyl and Fukushima were subjected to radionuclide (RN) contamination that has led to environmental problems. In order to explore the ability of microorganisms to survive in these environments, we used a combined 16S rRNA and metagenomic approach to describe the prokaryotic community structure and metabolic potential over a gradient of RN concentrations (137Cs 1680–0.4 and 90Sr 209.1–1.9 kBq kg−1) in soil samples. The taxonomic results showed that samples with low 137Cs content (37.8–0.4 kBq kg−1) from Fukushima and Chernobyl clustered together. In order to determine the effect of soil chemical parameters such as organic carbon (OC), Cesium-137 (137Cs) and Strontium-90 (90Sr) on the functional potential of microbial communities, multiple predictor model analysis using piecewiseSEM was carried out on Chernobyl soil metagenomes. The model identified 46 genes that were correlated to these parameters of which most have previously been described as mechanisms used by microorganisms under stress conditions. This study provides a baseline taxonomic and metagenomic dataset for Fukushima and Chernobyl, respectively, including physical and chemical characteristics. Our results pave the way for evaluating the possible RN selective pressure that might contribute to shaping microbial community structure and their functions in contaminated soils.
Home Truths and Uncomfortable Spaces: Swiss Hotels and Literature of the 1920s
Authors: Williams Seán M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Switzerland was at the centre of the European grand hotel scene, geographically and discursively. This article considers Swiss hotel literature and life in the 1920s, a decade in which the country’s hotel landscape became politicized and, relatedly, was often portrayed in popular literature. Against the backdrop of more canonical and intellectual hotel literature set in Switzerland, the following reads Meinrad Inglin’s Grand Hotel Excelsior (1928) as a response to a contemporary ‘culture war’, and as an attempt at centrist cultural criticism. Drawing especially on magazine and other archival evidence, this article also uncovers the promotion, sponsorship and discussion of hotel literature by Swiss hotel lobbyists, which was concerned with increasing the commercial viability of hotels after the First World War, and improving their image at a time of polarized debates about the direction of Swiss society. Thus Inglin’s novel occupies a centre ground not only in its argument, but in a formal sense as well. Grand Hotel Excelsior is a literary means of mediating the problems of Swiss culture in the 1920s, manifest in hotels as actual spaces or subjects, rather than a novel written for, or adaptable to, vested interests, or a work that employs – in the vein of Thomas Mann and Hermann Hesse – the hotel as a material setting to explore abstract ideas.
Molecular characteristics of plant UDP-arabinopyranose mutases
Authors: Saqib Anam , Scheller Henrik Vibe , Fredslund Folmer , Welner Ditte Hededam 
Published: August 2019

Abstractl-arabinofuranose is a ubiquitous component of the cell wall and various natural products in plants, where it is synthesized from cytosolic UDP-arabinopyranose (UDP-Arap). The biosynthetic machinery long remained enigmatic in terms of responsible enzymes and subcellular localization. With the discovery of UDP-Arap mutase in plant cytosol, the demonstration of its role in cell-wall arabinose incorporation and the identification of UDP-arabinofuranose transporters in the Golgi membrane, it is clear that the cytosolic UDP-Arap mutases are the key enzymes converting UDP-Arap to UDP-arabinofuranose for cell wall and natural product biosynthesis. This has recently been confirmed by several genotype/phenotype studies. In contrast to the solid evidence pertaining to UDP-Arap mutase function in vivo, the molecular features, including enzymatic mechanism and oligomeric state, remain unknown. However, these enzymes belong to the small family of proteins originally identified as reversibly glycosylated polypeptides (RGPs), which has been studied for >20 years. Here, we review the UDP-Arap mutase and RGP literature together, to summarize and systemize reported molecular characteristics and relations to other proteins.
Genome-wide association analysis of 95 549 individuals identifies novel loci and genes influencing optic disc morphology
Authors: Han Xikun , Qassim Ayub , An Jiyuan , Marshall Henry , Zhou Tiger , Ong Jue-Sheng , Hassall Mark M , Hysi Pirro G , Foster Paul J , Khaw Peng T , Mackey David A , Gharahkhani Puya , Khawaja Anthony P , Hewitt Alex W , Craig Jamie E , MacGregor Stuart 
Published: August 2019

AbstractOptic nerve head morphology is affected by several retinal diseases. We measured the vertical optic disc diameter (DD) of the UK Biobank (UKBB) cohort (N = 67 040) and performed the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DD to date. We identified 81 loci (66 novel) for vertical DD. We then replicated the novel loci in International Glaucoma Genetic Consortium (IGGC, N = 22 504) and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer–Norfolk (N = 6005); in general the concordance in effect sizes was very high (correlation in effect size estimates 0.90): 44 of the 66 novel loci were significant at P &lt; 0.05, with 19 remaining significant after Bonferroni correction. We identified another 26 novel loci in the meta-analysis of UKBB and IGGC data. Gene-based analyses identified an additional 57 genes. Human ocular tissue gene expression analysis showed that most of the identified genes are enriched in optic nerve head tissue. Some of the identified loci exhibited pleiotropic effects with vertical cup-to-disc ratio, intraocular pressure, glaucoma and myopia. These results can enhance our understanding of the genetics of optic disc morphology and shed light on the genetic findings for other ophthalmic disorders such as glaucoma and other optic nerve diseases.
Regulatory Convergence in the Financial Periphery: How Interdependence Shapes Regulators’ Decisions
Authors: Jones Emily , Zeitz Alexandra O 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
We examine the processes by which regulations prevailing in countries at the core of the global economy spread to countries outside this small group. We show how specific cross-border relationships between banks, regulators, and investors generate regulatory interdependence that drives the diffusion of international standards from the standard-setting countries at the core of the financial system to the financial periphery. We argue that regulatory decisions in the financial periphery are shaped by the prior choices of regulators in other countries, mediated through four specific cross-border relationships associated with banking globalization. We draw on a new dataset of Basel II adoption in over ninety jurisdictions in the financial periphery. Using spatial lag models we show that regulators’ decisions over the adoption of international standards are shaped by the choices of regulators to whom they are connected through the cross-border operations of individual banks, international professional networks, and competition for capital. Our analysis underscores the value of parsing out the relevant actor-level linkages that connect countries: while international considerations shape regulatory decisions, what matters is not the extent to which countries are connected to the global economy but rather the nature of these connections.
Hypercoagulation and Hypermetabolism of Fibrinogen in Severely Burned Adults
Authors: Martini Wenjun Z , Holcomb John B , Yu Yong-Ming , Wolf Steven E , Cancio Leopoldo C , Pusateri Anthony E , Dubick Michael A 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigated changes in plasma fibrinogen metabolism and changes in coagulation in severely burned adults. Ten patients (27 ± 3 years; 91 ± 6 kg) with 51 ± 3% TBSA were consented and enrolled into an institutional review board–approved prospective study. On the study day, stable isotope infusion of 1-13C-phenylalanine and d5-phenylalanine was performed to quantify fibrinogen production and consumption. During the infusion, vital signs were recorded and blood samples were drawn every hour. Coagulation was measured by thromboelastograph (TEG). Ten normal healthy volunteers (37 ± 7 years; 74 ± 4 kg) were included as the control group. Burned adults had elevated heart rates (120 ± 2 vs 73 ± 5 [control] beats/minute), respiration rates (23 ± 2 vs 15 ± 1 breaths/minute), plasma glucose (127 ± 10 vs 89 ± 2 mg/dl), and fibrinogen levels (613 ± 35 vs 239 ± 17 mg/dl); and decreased albumin (1.3 ± 0.2 vs 3.7 ± 0.1 g/dl) and total protein (4.4 ± 0.2 vs 6.8 ± 0.1 g/dl, all P < .05). Fibrinogen breakdown was elevated in the burn group (2.3 ± 0.4 vs. 1.0 ± 0.3 µmol/kg/minute); and fibrinogen synthesis was further enhanced in the burn group (4.4 ± 0.7 vs 0.7 ± 0.2 µmol/kg/minute, both P < .05). Clotting speed (TEG-alpha) and clot strength (TEG-MA) were increased in the burn group (62 ± 4 vs 50 ± 4°, and 76 ± 2 vs 56 ± 2 mm, respectively, both P < .05). Fibrinolysis of TEG-LY60 was accelerated in the burn group (16 ± 6 vs 3 ± 1) and so was the increase in D-dimer level in the burn group (4.5 ± 0.4 vs 1.9 ± 0.3 mg/l, both P < .05). The hypercoagulable state postburn is in part a result of increased fibrinogen synthesis, over and above increased fibrinogen breakdown.
Identification of serum microRNAs predicting the response of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma to nivolumab
Authors: Sudo Kazuki , Kato Ken , Matsuzaki Juntaro , Takizawa Satoko , Aoki Yoshiaki , Shoji Hirokazu , Iwasa Satoru , Honma Yoshitaka , Takashima Atsuo , Sakamoto Hiromi , Naka Tomoaki , Sekine Shigeki , Boku Narikazu , Ochiya Takahiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundNivolumab, a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor, showed promising activity for the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in a phase II study (ONO-4538-07; JapicCTI­No.142422). We explored serum microRNA (miRNA) candidate predictive markers of the response to nivolumab.MethodsIn the phase II study, 19 patients received nivolumab (3 mg/kg IV Q2W) at National Cancer Center Hospital. The expression of 2565 serum miRNAs before and during treatment was analyzed using a 3D-Gene Human miRNA Oligo Chip (Toray Industries, Inc.). Immune-related response evaluation criteria used to evaluate response and miRNA expression were compared between responders and non-responders. The top 20 miRNAs by accuracy in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were identified by leave-one-out cross-validation, and those with the area under curve values > 0.8, cross-validated accuracy > 0.8, and a 0.5 difference in the average log2 expression level between responders and non-responders were further analyzed.ResultsOf the 19 patients, five responded to nivolumab. We identified miRNAs related to the response to nivolumab, including one detected in the serum before treatment (miR-1233-5p; AUC = 0.895) and three present after treatment (miR-6885-5p, miR-4698 and miR-128-2-5p; AUC = 0.93, 0.97 and 0.93, respectively).ConclusionsCandidate miRNAs capable of predicting the response to nivolumab were identified in the serum of patients with advanced esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in ONO-4538-07.
Protective effects of zingerone derivate on ionizing radiation-induced intestinal injury
Authors: Wu Jing , Duan Yuqing , Cui Jie , Dong Yinping , Li Hongyan , Wang Meifang , Fan Saijun , Li Deguan , Li Yiliang 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Intestinal injury is the primary toxicity of radiotherapy for pelvic and abdominal tumors, and it is also one of the common acute complications of radiotherapy. At present, there are no effective drugs to prevent intestinal injury in the clinic. Zingerone is a natural product with radioprotective effects. In this study, a novel compound (thiazolidine hydrochloride, TZC01) was synthesized by structural modification of zingerone. The effects of TZC01 on preventing intestinal injury from radiation were further investigated in this study. C57BL/6N mice were exposed to a lethal dose of abdominal irradiation (ABI) with and without TZC01 treatments. The morphological changes of the intestine and various makers of intestinal crypt cells were investigated. Treatment with TZC01 improved the survival rate of mice exposed to 12 Gy ABI. Moreover, TZC01 protected the intestinal morphology of mice, decreased the apoptotic rate of intestinal crypt cells, maintained cell regeneration and promoted crypt cell proliferation and differentiation. This study suggests that TZC01 has preventive and therapeutic effects on radiation enteritis by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of crypt cells to protect the small intestine from the toxic effects of ionizing radiation. Furthermore, the study of TCZ01 lays a strong foundation for developing novel radioprotectors with multiple properties.
A mycotic aortic aneurysm treated by thoracic endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Tokuda Takahiro , Tamaki Mototsugu , Kitamura Hideki , Koyama Yutaka , Sawada Koshi , Kawaguchi Yasuhiko , Konakano Kazuya , Okawa Yasuhide 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An 88-year-old man was admitted with general fatigue. Computed tomography (CT) showed a descending aortic aneurysm. The laboratory data indicated severe infection. Despite negative blood cultures, broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy was started. Though antibiotic therapy was continued for about 2 weeks, the aneurysm extended 20 mm. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair was performed, and antibiotic therapy was continued for 4 weeks after the procedure, followed by oral antibiotics for 1 year. CT showed regression of the aneurysm 15 months after reconstruction. Antibiotic therapy, preoperatively and postoperatively, is important for a mycotic aortic aneurysm.
Practical Knowledge and Luminosity
Authors: Piñeros Glasscock Juan S 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMany philosophers hold that if an agent acts intentionally, she must know what she is doing. Although the scholarly consensus for many years was to reject the thesis in light of presumed counterexamples by Donald Davidson, several scholars have recently argued that attention to aspectual distinctions and the practical nature of this knowledge shows that these counterexamples fail. In this paper I defend a new objection against the thesis, one modelled after Timothy Williamson’s anti-luminosity argument. Since this argument relies on general principles about the nature of knowledge rather than on intuitions about fringe cases, the recent responses that have been given to defuse the force of Davidson’s objection are silent against it. Moreover, the argument suggests that even weaker theses connecting practical entities (e.g. basic actions, intentions, attempts, etc.) with knowledge are also false. Recent defenders of the thesis that there is a necessary connection between knowledge and intentional action are motivated by the insight that this connection is non-accidental. I close with a positive proposal to account for the non-accidentality of this link without appeal to necessary connections by drawing an extended analogy between practical and perceptual knowledge.
Graphene oxide nanoparticles in the interstellar medium
Authors: Sarre P J 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT
Dust particles play a major role in the formation, evolution and chemistry of interstellar clouds, stars, and planetary systems. Commonly identified forms include amorphous and crystalline carbon-rich particles and silicates. Also present in many astrophysical environments are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), detected through their infrared emission, and which are essentially small flakes of graphene. Astronomical observations over the past four decades have revealed a widespread unassigned ‘extended red emission’ (ERE) feature which is attributed to luminescence of dust grains. Numerous potential carriers for ERE have been proposed but none has gained general acceptance. In this Letter it is shown that there is a strong similarity between laboratory optical emission spectra of graphene oxide (GO) and ERE, leading to this proposal that emission from GO nanoparticles is the origin of ERE and that these are a significant component of interstellar dust. The proposal is supported by infrared emission features detected by the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) and the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Driving innovation through collaboration: development of clinical annotation datasets for brain cancer biobanking
Authors: Gedye Craig , Sachchithananthan Mythily , Leonard Robyn , Jeffree Rosalind L , Buckland Michael E , Ziegler David S , Graeber Manuel B , Day Bryan W , McDonald Kerrie L , Lasocki Arian ,   BCBA Consortium, Nowak Anna K , Back Michael , Besser Michael , Boyd Andrew , Buckland Michael , Byrne Jennifer , Cher Lawrence , Cook Raymond , Day Bryan , Day Jerry , Davidson Andrew , Devereux Lisa , Dexter Mark , Donnelly Roy , Drummond Kate , Eckstein Lisa , Gan Hui , Garrick Therese , Gedye Craig , Gottardo Nick , Graeber Manuel , Harper Clive , Jeffree Rosalind , Johns Terrance , Khasraw Mustafa , Kichenadasse Ganessan , Eng-Siew Koh , Lipworth Wendy , Leonard Robyn , Ludlow Louise , McDonald Kerrie , Moore Andrew , Munoz Lenka , Nahar Najmun , Nowak Anna , Olson Sarah , Ormsby Rebecca , Parkinson Jonathon , Partanen Audrey , Raymond Emma , Reddel Roger , Robbins Peter , Rosenthal Mark , Saunus Jodi , Shivalingam Brindha , Simes John , Stringer Brett , Thorne Heather , Vajdic Claire , Varikatt Winny , Walker David , Wheeler Helen , White Deborah , Yip Sonia , Ziegler David 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Background
A key component of cancer research is the availability of clinical samples with appropriately annotated clinical data. Biobanks facilitate research by collecting/storing various types of clinical samples for research. Brain Cancer Biobanking Australia (BCBA) was established to facilitate the networking of brain cancer biobanking operations Australia-wide. Maximizing biospecimen utility in a networked biobanking environment requires the standardization of procedures and data across different sites. The aim of this research was to scope and develop a recommended clinical annotation dataset both for pediatric and adult brain cancer biobanks.

Methods
A multidisciplinary working group consisting of members from the BCBA Consortium was established to develop clinical dataset recommendations for brain cancer biobanks. A literature search was undertaken to identify any published clinical dataset recommendations for brain cancer biobanks. An audit of data items collected and stored by BCBA member biobanks was also conducted to survey current clinical data collection practices across the BCBA network.

Results
BCBA has developed a clinical annotation dataset recommendation for pediatric and adult brain cancer biobanks. The clinical dataset recommendation has 5 clinical data categories: demographic, clinical and radiological diagnosis and surgery, neuropathological diagnosis, patient treatment, and patient follow-up. The data fields have been categorized into 1 of 3 tiers; essential, preferred, and comprehensive. This enables biobanks and researchers to prioritize appropriately where resources are limited.

Conclusion
This dataset can be used to guide the integration of data from multiple existing biobanks for research studies and for planning prospective brain cancer biobanking activities.
Research ethics: a safeguard for advanced technologies
Authors: Jia Hepeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

With the fast development of cutting-edge technologies and their greater integration into human life, more ethical challenges emerge. The problem became more salient when the world's first genetically edited babies were born in China in violation of existing ethical rules. Although the responsible researcher He Jiankui was sentenced for imprisonment for three years last December, it is still necessary to examine the current status of research ethics and the challenges in China. Has China set up a sophisticated research ethics system? For research ethics and their implementation in China, are there unique national characteristics? Can the dominant ethics principles primarily developed from life science research be equally adopted in the emerging artificial intelligence research and development? At an online forum organized by National Science Review (NSR) and through subsequent correspondences among forum participants, NSR Executive Editor-in-Chief Mu-ming Poo and guest moderator Hepeng Jia asked three scientists and three bioethicists or philosophers of science and technology in the field to examine the dynamic development of research ethics in China.

Weiwen Duan
Philosopher of Science and Technology at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

Junjiu Huang
Life scientist focused on genetics at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

Renzong Qiu
Bioethicist at Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China

Qiang Sun
Life scientist and the principal investigator (PI) of clone monkey program at Shanghai Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Yi Zeng
Artificial intelligence scientist at Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Xiaomei Zhai
Bioethicist at Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

Mu-ming Poo (Chair)
Neurobiologist at Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China

Hepeng Jia (Co-chair)
Professor of Science Communication at Soochow University, Suzhou, China