bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O Direito enquanto normalização institucional: o caso do especismo
Authors: Garrote Marques Bruno 
Published: October 2018

Esse artigo possui como objetivo mostrar como a<strong> </strong>aplicação de um método sócio-psicológico contribui para uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno jurídico e da normalização institucional, a partir do caso-exemplo do especismo. Trata-se de entender que o Direito constitui e é constituído por hábitos não-conscientes, os quais precisam ser revisitados constante-mente de forma reflexiva e receptiva, se quisermos ampliar-mos cada vez mais as nossas proteções morais e jurídicas para uma concepção de Outro mais alargada. Valendo-nos dos ins-trumentos conceituais analíticos desenvolvidos pela psicóloga social Melanie Joy percebemos com maior clareza as estruturas psico-físicas geradoras e mantenedoras de abusos, preconceitos e distanciamentos, bem como passamos a possuir algumas fer-ramentas para a expansão de tal consciência e superação de cer-tos mecanismos de defesa mentais sustentadores de ideologias de dominação – atuais e futuras. Passar a compreender a rela-ção entre vontade, conhecimento e ação nos ajuda a entender que o Direito é constantemente reforçado e modificado pelos indivíduos (juristas ou não) que compõem a sociedade e, assim, entender o Direito enquanto moralidade política indissociável <p>das escolhas existenciais diárias, estimulando-se uma constante auto-reflexão compartilhada, a qual perpassa por um cuidado de Si, o qual implica em um cuidado do Outro e vice-versa. En-tender essas conexões contribui para avançarmos nas melhores estratégias voltadas para os direitos dos animais e de grupos oprimidos em geral.</p>
ALOCAÇÃO DE RECURSOS PÚBLICOS EM MUNICÍPIOS PARAIBANOS
Authors: Oliveira Lanna Monalisa Dos Santos , Carvalho José Ribamar Marques de , Araújo Carvalho Enyedja Kerlly Martins de , Pereira Georgia Martins 
Published: October 2018

<p>O presente trabalho se propõe a desenvolver uma metodologia composta por indicadores de gestão pública capaz de avaliar a <em>performance </em>dos municípios em relação as funções de governo. Para tanto, a classificação metodológica da pesquisa será quanto a sua natureza, trabalho científico, quanto aos objetivos, exploratória e descritiva, quanto aos procedimentos, bibliográfica e documental, e quanto à abordagem, quantitativa. A delimitação geográfica e a aplicação empírica do modelo foram realizadas nos dez municípios com mais de 50.000 (cinquenta mil) habitantes do estado da Paraíba (Bayeux, Cabedelo, Cajazeiras, Campina Grande, Guarabira, João Pessoa, Patos, Santa Rita, Sapé e Sousa). Os resultados obtidos, de forma geral, retratam através de índices encontrados e analisados, que a média geral de alocação de recursos públicos nas principais funções de governo (competência municipal) aponta para um estado de alerta em relação aos critérios (funções) estudados, denotando que os gestores municipais dessas cidades precisam rever suas estratégias de atuação em relação ao atendimento das necessidades e anseios da sociedade na tentativa de melhorar a qualidade de vida da população.</p>
REDES SOCIAIS NA PESQUISA CONTÁBIL BRASILEIRA ORIENTADA PELA TEORIA INSTITUCIONAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA EVOLUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: Scherer Weiss Leila Aparecida , Schnell Maico , Kawata Rafaella Maranhão , Zanchet Aladio 
Published: October 2018

<p>O objetivo deste estudo é identificar os autores e instituições mais atuantes no processo de construção do conhecimento orientado pela Teoria Institucional na área contábil no Brasil no período de 2000 e 2015. Os resultados apresentaram uma evolução em número de artigos publicados ao longo dos anos, especialmente em 2014 e foram identificadas 63 instituições que contribuem no campo da produção científica no que se refere a Teoria Institucional na área contábil. No período de 2010 a 2015 a concentração na rede de cooperação revela a existência de diversos autores com significativos laços entre si, além, de outras pequenas e médias redes de cooperação. Como conclusão da pesquisa destaca-se que ocorre uma rede de pesquisa com laços fortes sobre a Teoria Institucional, sendo que esta rede é formada por autores de várias universidades do país. </p>
Externally Induced Drug Release Systems with Magnetic Nanoparticle Carriers: An Emerging Field in Nanomedicine
Authors: Norris Matthew D. , Seidel Katja , Kirschning Andreas 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCore‐shell nanoparticles that exhibit superparamagnetic properties and stability as colloidal suspensions have been widely employed for medical imaging, diagnosis, and targeted drug delivery. These materials are engineered for spatial guidance using an external magnetic field and are capable of transporting therapeutic payloads such as clinical drugs and protein structures. They can be tagged with fluorescent dyes and quantum dots as spectroscopic markers; and can generate an acute influx of heat when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. When these functions are used in combination, core‐shell nanoparticles can operate in a multimodal fashion, on demand, using external and non‐invasive stimuli. In this short review, selected examples of externally induced drug release systems with magnetic nanoparticle carriers are highlighted. This new and emerging field of nanomedicine has enormous potential to advance our therapeutic capabilities with a central concept of targeting, locating, and detonating diseased and cancerous tissues in vivo with precise ex vivo control.
Three‐Dimensional Musculoskeletal Modeling of the Sauropodomorph Hind Limb: The Effect of Postural Change on Muscle Leverage
Authors: Klinkhamer Ada J. , Mallison Heinrich , Poropat Stephen F. , Sinapius George H.K. , Wroe Stephen 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTThe biomechanical constraints for life at massive size can be directly observed in the evolutionary history of sauropodomorph dinosaurs. Members of this lineage underwent a number of major postural transitions as they increased in size from relatively small bipedal dinosaurs to massive titanosaurs that include the largest terrestrial animals of all time. To better understand the impact of gigantic size on the biomechanics of sauropods, we used three‐dimensional musculoskeletal modeling to investigate how hind limb musculature was affected, first by the development of a quadrupedal stance from a bipedal one, and later in the transition from a narrow‐gauge to a wide‐gauge stance. Muscle moment arms were measured in four sauropodomorph taxa: the bipedal basal sauropodomorph Plateosaurus engelhardti, the narrow‐gauge diplodocid Diplodocus carnegii, the titanosauriform Giraffatitan brancai, and the wide‐gauge titanosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae. In Plateosaurus, low moment arm leverage in the hip extensors and knee flexors and extensors was observed suggesting high‐velocity movement for fast locomotion. A reduction in hip extensor leverage in Diamantinasaurus was found which suggests a reduced role for the hind limb in forward propulsion in titanosaurs. An increase in overall hip adductor leverage and leverage of adductors 1 and 2 in Diamantinasaurus, compared with other taxa studied, might relate to the development of a wide‐gauge stance. High knee flexor–extensor leverage in Giraffatitan but not Diamantinasaurus partially refutes the idea that broader femoral condyles in titanosauriforms increased knee torque production capabilities. Sauropodomorph postural changes clearly had an impact on the function and leverage of hind limb muscles. Anat Rec, 301:2145–2163, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robust H∞ Sliding Mode Control for a Class of Singular Stochastic Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Zhao Feng , Yao Han , Chen Xiangyong , Cao Jinde , Qiu Jianlong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper concerns the problem of robust H∞ sliding mode control for a class of singular stochastic nonlinear systems. Integral sliding mode control is developed to deal with this problem. Based on the integral sliding surface of the design and linear matrix inequality, a sufficient condition which guarantees the sliding mode dynamics is asymptotically mean square admissible and has a prescribed H∞ performance for a class of singular stochastic nonlinear systems is proposed. Furthermore, a sliding mode control law is synthesized such that the singular stochastic nonlinear system can be driven to the sliding surface in finite time. Finally, a numerical example is proposed to illustrate the effectiveness of the given theoretical results.
Integrating risk and dangerousness in specific legal contexts: Clarifying concepts and justifying interventions
Authors: Schopp Robert F. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSeveral legal interventions under the police power and parens patriae functions of the state depend partially on judgments that an individual is dangerous. Psychological research regarding risk assessment can provide relevant evidence regarding the appropriate application of these interventions. Developing, interpreting, and presenting relevant research regarding risk assessment in a manner that enhances the ability of courts to make accurate determinations of dangerousness requires clarification of the risk presented by this individual and explanation of how this person generates this risk. Testimony regarding such research can enhance the ability of the courts to make accurate judgments regarding the relationship between the risk presented and the justification for the specific intervention at issue. This article examines the justificatory functions of judgments of dangerousness for various police power and parens patriae interventions in order to clarify the manner in which psychological research and testimony can contribute to the ability of the courts to accurately assess the risk presented by an individual in making a judgment of dangerousness for a specific form of legal intervention.
Self‐expandable sirolimus‐eluting stents compared to second‐generation drug‐eluting stents for the treatment of the left main: A propensity score analysis from the SPARTA and the FAILS‐2 registries
Authors: Montefusco Antonio , D'Ascenzo Fabrizio , Gili Sebastiano , Smolka Grzegorz , Chieffo Alaide , Baumbach Andreas , Escaned Javier , Sganzerla Paolo , Tomassini Francesco , Secco Gioel Gabrio , Ugo Fabrizio , Tamburino Corrado , Nicolino Annamaria , Mancone Massimo , Poli Arnaldo , Yew Kuan‐Leong , Cirillo Plinio , Wanha Wojciech , Pastormerlo Luigi Emilio , di Summa Roberto , Sardella Gennaro , Colombo Antonio , Gaita Fiorenzo , Cortese Bernardo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness and safety of self‐expandable, sirolimus‐eluting Stentys stents (SES) and second‐generation drug‐eluting stents (DES‐II) for the treatment of the unprotected left main (ULM).BackgroundSES may provide a valuable option to treat distal ULM, particularly when significant caliber gaps with side branches are observed.MethodsPatients from the multicenter SPARTA (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02784405) and FAILS2 registries were included. Propensity‐score with matching was performed to account for the lack of randomization. Primary end‐point was the rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of all cause death, myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization [TLR], unstable angina and definite stent thrombosis [ST]). Single components of MACE were the secondary end‐points.ResultsOverall, 151 patients treated with SES and 1270 with DES‐II were included; no differences in MACE rate at 250 days were observed (9.8% vs. 11.5%, P = 0.54). After propensity score with matching, 129 patients treated with SES and 258 with DES‐II, of which about a third of female gender, were compared. After a follow‐up of 250 days, MACE rate did not differ between the two groups (9.9% vs. 8.5%, P = 0.66), as well as the rate of ULM TLR (1.6% vs. 3.1%, P = 0.36) and definite ST (0.8% vs. 1.2%, P = 0.78). These results were consistent also when controlling for the treatment with provisional vs. 2‐stents strategies for the ULM bifurcation.ConclusionSES use for ULM treatment was associated with a similar MACE rate compared to DES‐II at an intermediate‐term follow‐up. SES might represent a potential option in this setting.
Views of Appropriate Use Criteria for catheterization and percutaneous coronary revascularization by practicing interventional cardiologists: Results of a survey of American College of Cardiology Interventional Section members
Authors: Welt Frederick G. P. , Klein Lloyd W. , Tamis‐Holland Jaqueline , Blankenship James , Duffy Peter L. , Cigarroa Joaquin , Anderson H. Vernon ,   on behalf of the Interventional Section Leadership Council, American College of Cardiology
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe American College of Cardiology (ACC) Interventional Section Council leadership sought to examine the views of interventional cardiologists regarding the practical implementation and the value of the Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) in their clinical practice.BackgroundThe ACC AUC for revascularization were originally intended to assess trends in revascularization patterns by hospitals and physicians to ensure that both under‐ and over‐utilization were minimized. As a quality assurance tool, the AUC were designed to allow physicians to obtain insight into their practice patterns and improve their practice. Recent trends toward tying payment to performance have raised concerns that these criteria will be incorrectly applied to individual patient reimbursement, which is not what they were designed to do. Consequently, the AUC have become controversial, not for their value in quality assessment, but for the manner in which agencies have used the AUC as a tool to potentially deny payment for certain patients.MethodsUtilizing an online survey, members of the ACC Interventional Section were queried regarding the use of AUC, how they use them, and how they feel utilization impacts the care of patients.ResultsWe found substantial variability in how the AUC were utilized and concern regarding the value of AUC. Among our findings was that respondents were split (51% vs 49%) regarding the value of AUC to patients and/or their laboratory.ConclusionsIn this article, we discuss the implications of these findings and consider options on how AUC might be made a better‐accepted and more impactful tool for clinicians and patients.
A CFD based empirical model for assessing gas holdup in bubble columns
Authors: Ebrahimi Mehdi , McGillis Andrew , Lewis Cameron , Ting David S.‐K. , Carriveau Rupp 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTBubble columns are widely used in many industrial applications. Gas holdup knowledge is an essential element in bubble column design and process optimization. Despite the simple structure of bubble columns, the behaviour of the bubbly flow is still not well understood owing to the complexity of gas–liquid interactions and coupling between the phases. Variation of gas density and initial liquid height are the most likely reasons for gas holdup changes in bubble columns. These parameters affect bubble breakup and coalescence as well as the rise velocity of small bubbles, which causes change to bubble size distribution that finally affect the gas holdup. In this work, through the application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and by investigating the effect of gas density and the initial liquid height on the bubbly flow condition, a new correlation for deducing the total gas holdup is developed. To achieve this, a wide range of bubbly flows are modelled, and gas holdup values are determined for different heights and operating pressures. Ranges of the normalized pressure (P/P0), superficial Reynolds number (Resup), and the aspect ratio of the bubble column (H0/D) were 1 ≤ P/P0 ≤ 15, 3000 ≤ Resup ≤ 57000, and1.5 ≤ H0/D ≤ 8, respectively. The proposed correlation has been found to predict the experimental as well as CFD gas holdup data fairly well. The results of this research provide a fast and accurate method for predicting gas holdup in bubble columns that work either in atmospheric or high‐pressure conditions.
Assessing methods for comparing species diversity from disparate data sources: the case of urban and peri‐urban forests
Authors: Staudhammer Christina L. , Escobedo Francisco J. , Blood Amy 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMulti‐scale forest inventory and monitoring data are increasingly being used in studies assessing forest diversity, structure, disturbance, and carbon dynamics. Also, local‐level urban forest inventories are providing plot data and protocols to study tree diversity and ecosystem services in urban forests worldwide. But, differences in the sampling methods underlying these disparate protocols and data sources is a non‐trivial concern in formulating comparative analyses. We assess commonly used methods for comparing tree diversity in peri‐urban and urban forests when available data have different sample sizes, plot sizes, and sampling intensities. We present methods for appropriately evaluating species richness, as well as methods for comparing species distributions via community data matrices. Using permanent plot data from the southeastern United States, we present a case study comparing urban and peri‐urban forests along a north–south gradient, and assessing species richness and the ecological homogenization hypothesis. Our findings indicate that comparisons of tree species richness among communities, or forest types, are often inconclusive since commonly used sample sizes do not provide precise estimates of the number of species present. While the ecological homogenization hypotheses can be tested under conditions of unequal sampling effort, we suggest robust methods such as PERMANOVA and the Raup‐Crick dissimilarity index. A framework for selecting appropriate methods is also discussed. As forests are increasingly being altered by anthropogenic drivers, future studies using disparate data sources must account for differences in measurements and sampling protocols in order to produce results that are both statistically defensible and useful for science‐based management.
Nitrogen addition changes the trophic cascade effects of spiders on a detrital food web
Authors: Liu Shengjie , Hu Jing , Behm Jocelyn E. , He Xinxing , Gan Jianmin , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe trophic cascade effects of predators on detrital food webs have crucial impacts on ecosystem functioning. However, due to the complexity of detrital food webs, no consistent pattern of cascading effects has emerged. Furthermore, global changes, such as increased nitrogen (N) deposition, likely have significant impacts on detrital trophic interactions but are not well understood. Here, we evaluate how increased N deposition influences trophic cascades using a simplified detrital food web (spider–Collembola) that has previously exhibited trophic cascades in an experimental context. We tested the impact of N addition on the direct and cascading effects of spiders in detritus food web. We manipulated the abundance of spiders with sit‐and‐wait or actively hunting foraging strategies in microcosms. Under ambient N conditions (control treatments), we did not detect trophic cascade effects of spiders on litter decomposition. In contrast, N addition enhanced the negative trophic cascade effects of spiders on decomposition by directly reducing Collembola density. Our findings suggest that understanding how increased N deposition affects trophic interactions and ecosystem functioning is important for predicting the impact of global change on soil ecosystems.
Inside Back Cover: Laser imaging polarimetry of nacre (J. Biophotonics 10/2018)
Authors: Jones Joshua A. , Metzler Rebecca A. , D'Addario Anthony J. , Burgess Carrie , Regan Brian , Spano Samantha , Cvarch Ben A. , Galvez Enrique J. 
Published: October 2018

Nacre, or mother of pearl, is a complex self‐assembled biomaterial that has high resistance against breakage. It is made of micronsized aragonite‐crystal tablets embedded in organic matter, in a brick‐and‐mortar type of structure. Analysis of the transformation of polarized light passing through this natural structure reveals the great uniformity of the layered arrangement of bivalve nacre (left image), and quite distinctly, the non‐uniform columnar structure of gastropod nacre (right image).Further details can be found in the article by Joshua A. Jones, Rebecca A. Metzler, Anthony J. D'Addario et, al. (e201800026).
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Back Cover: Exploring photoinactivation of microbial biofilms using laser scanning microscopy and confined 2‐photon excitation (J. Biophotonics 10/2018)
Authors: Thomsen Hanna , Graf Fabrice E. , Farewell Anne , Ericson Marica B. 
Published: October 2018

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and super resolution microscopy are valuable tools for understanding drug delivery within a complex 3D bacterial biofilm community. The authors demonstrate the penetration depth and localization of a cyclodextrin‐photosensitizer complex compared to the photosensitizer alone using the inherent optical sectioning and spectral detection afforded by MPM and subcellular resolution provided by Airyscan confocal microscopy. An experimental technique for spatially confined bacterial inactivation is demonstrated for the first time.Further details can be found in the article by Hanna Thomsen, Fabrice E. Graf, Anne Farewell, and Marica B. Ericson (e201800018).
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Synthesis of New Sulfobetaine Gemini Surfactants with Hydroxyls and Their Effects on Surface‐Active Properties
Authors: Zhou Ming , Bu Juncheng , Ma Yuan , Zou Jiaxi , Fu Hong , Yang Farong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSulfobetaine gemini surfactants, bis{[(N‐methyl‐N‐(3‐alkoxy‐2‐hydroxyl) propyl‐N‐(2‐hydroxyl‐3‐sulfonic acid sodium) propyl] methylene} ammonium chlorides (n = 10, 12, 14), were synthesized by etherification, ring‐opening reaction, and quaternization with epichlorohydrin, linear‐saturated alcohol, N,N′‐dimethylethylenediamine, and 3‐chloro‐2‐hydroxypropane sulfonic acid sodium as main raw materials. The structures of the sulfobetaine gemini surfactants with hydroxyls were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), mass spectroscopy (MS), and elemental analysis. With increasing length of the carbon chain, the values of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) initially decreased. These compounds exhibit superior surface‐active properties compared to single‐chain sulfobetaine surfactants such as dodecyl dimethyl hydroxyl sulfopropyl betaine surfactants. The efficiency of adsorption at the water/air interface (pC20) of these surfactants is very high. The shorter hydrophobic chain length of sulfobetaine gemini surfactants, the faster the surface tension reduction, and the smaller the aggregation number of sulfobetaine gemini surfactants. The micelle diameter and the maximum wetting angle of pure water drop/air increased, but the maximum wetting angle of water phase/n‐decane decreased with the increase of the hydrophobic chain length. With the increase of the hydrophobic chain length, salinity resistance went up and the corresponding interfacial tension reduced. Their foam volume and foam half‐life were investigated. Our studies have indicated that synthesized gemini surfactants can effectively reduce the oil/water interfacial tension to ultralow interfacial tension of hexane (IFT) (10−3 mN m−1 orders of magnitude) under the conditions of high temperature and high salinity.