bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acid-catalysed hydrolysis kinetics of sugar cane bagasse to glucose and xylose in selected ionic liquid media
Authors: Gao Y , Bandara T R , Griffin G J 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The process of converting lignocellulosic biomass to fuels (such as ethanol) is considered a potential method for supplanting current fossil fuels with renewable sources. A significant inhibitor to such processes is the lack of an efficient and economical means by which hemicellulose and cellulose may be hydrolysed to their constituent monosaccharides as precursors for ethanol fermentation. This research details experiments conducted by which sugar cane bagasse (SCB) immersed in ionic liquids (either 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride or 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride – BmimCl and EmimCl respectively) were catalysed to glucose and xylose by adding variable amounts of hydrochloric acid (3.5 – 10.5wt%) at temperatures between 100°C to 140°C. Experiments were conducted over 5 hours and in all experiments the monosaccharide concentrations increased to a maximum then decreased as the monosaccharides were degraded to other products. Maximum yields of glucose and xylose of 133mg/g bagasse and 125mg/g bagasse respectively were achieved although under different reaction conditions. The kinetics of the process was modelled as a simple set of first order reactions for the conversion of biomass to sugars then the degradation of sugars to other products.
Controlling chemical industrial pollution with regulatory tools: the case of Yichang, Hubei, China
Authors: Wang Haijing , You Mingqing 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Chemical industries may pollute the air, water, and soil as well as jeopardize the ecological system and human health. China has established a relatively comprehensive regulatory regime to control industrial pollution, including pollution from chemical industries. This paper evaluates various regulatory tools to find their efficacy and appropriateness, and uses Yichang, a city rich in phosphate ore and phosphate industries, as an example. This paper integrates qualitative research methods and quantitative research methods. The analysis indicates that regulatory tools can be effective in controlling environmental pollution and restoring the jeopardized ecology. It also indicates that the Chinese government can enforce the environmental law effectively. However, these regulatory tools are also costly, insufficiently clear, and may not be effective for each place.
CO2 sequestration potential of log homes
Authors: Pásztory Z , Hegedűs T , Börcsök Z 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Beside the reduction of greenhouse gas emission the adsorption and bounding of carbon dioxide is also an important issue to protect the environment from irreversible harms. By photosynthesis produced wood material mostly built up from the CO2 content of the atmosphere and it is stored until burning or natural decay of the material. Log homes sequester significant amount of wood for longer time and the amount in cubic meter and the carbon dioxide equivalence were examined in this case study. Wood content of 80 log homes were investigated and the average of 35.28 m3 was found. The average stored carbon dioxide per log homes was 31 tons, and there is slight difference between one and two storied buildings 0.214 and 0.284 tons of equivalent carbon dioxide per layout square meter respectively. The ceiling height influences the wood content of the building significantly and the variation is higher in the case of two-storied buildings.
The fate of carbon in two-stage anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste
Authors: Dinh P V , Fujiwara T , Giang H M , Pham Phu S T 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the fate of carbon in two-stage anaerobic digestion (TAD) of vegetable waste. The TAD including a hydrolytic reactor and a methane reactor were controlled at mesophilic temperature (36 ± 1°C) with a retention time (RT) of 9 days and 20 days, respectively. Carbon tracking was conducted step by step throughout the system. Non-hydrolysable carbon accounted for a significant proportion of total initial carbon (25%). Meanwhile, a large amount of carbon in the feedstock (23.5%) was hydrolysed but remained in the effluent including water and suspended solids. It was mostly inorganic carbon which is not harmful to the environment. The only 41.3% initial carbon was converted to biogas in both reactors. In the hydrolytic reactor, biogas was mainly carbon dioxide (99%), accounted for 11.3% of total biogas and 35.8% of total CO2 product. In the methane reactor, biogas was 373.9 Nml/g-VS including 73.3% CH4, 21.9% CO2 and 4.8% others. Non-hydrolysable materials can be a source of thermal energy. Meanwhile, a large amount of hydrolysed carbon was not converted into biogas, was still in the effluent, it was a significant energy loss. Therefore, how to further increase the effectiveness of TAD is an issue that needs to study.
Wear-corrosion response of Cerium oxide reinforced Cobalt hybrid composite layers in biological solution
Authors: Simionescu N , Benea L , Celis J P 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe research work aims at improving biomaterials surface properties by Co/nano-CeO2composite layers obtained by electro-codeposition method from a cobalt sulphate solution containing CeO2dispersed nanoparticles. The thicknesses of pure cobalt and Co/CeO2hybrid nanocomposite layers are measured versus applied current density and time of the plating process. The tribocorrosion properties of Co/nano-CeO2hybrid nanocomposite layers and pure Co layer obtained were comparatively investigated friction sliding tests in a unidirectional tribometer in lubricating conditions using biological solution (Hank). During the tribocorrosion test, the normal force, tangential force, coefficient of friction, number of cycles as well as the electrochemical parameter (potential), were continuously monitored. The results show that the wear - corrosion (tribocorrosion) behavior of Co/nano-CeO2hybrid nanocomposite layers are closely related with dispersed reinforcing nano-CeO2content. The hybrid nanocomposite layers with all CeO2content shows increased wear - corrosion resistance as compared with pure Co layer, by decreasing wear volume loss with increasing nano-CeO2particles dispersed into plating electrolyte.
Effect of the inflammatory conditions and albumin presence on the corrosion behavior of grade 5 Titanium alloy in saliva biological solution
Authors: Dragus L , Benea L , Simionescu N , Ravoiu A , Neaga V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The field of biomaterials imposes a multidisciplinary approach that requires the involvement of sciences such as biology, medicine, chemistry and materials engineering so that the material implanted in a living organism does not cause any adverse reaction. This research area of biomaterials is considered as fascinating and challenging. It's fascinating because of its potential applications and the need to improve the quality of life. It is challenging due to the various complexities it faces when biomaterials encounter biological environments for the longevity of life by maintaining or restoring tissue or organ functions. Metallic biomaterials are used as pivots for anchoring dental implants and as parts of orthodontic devices such as crowns and bridges of prostheses. Ti-6Al-4V is well known as a corrosion resistant alloy for dentistry applications due to this film of titanium oxide formed on its surface. However, the inflammatory conditions ad protein presence could affect the corrosion resistance of this alloy. Our research work aims to investigate the effect of albumin and inflammatory conditions to corrosion resistance of Ti-6Al-4V in saliva Fusayama Meyer biological solution. In order to simulate the peri-implant inflammatory conditions in vitro studies were conducted with addition of hydrogen peroxide (reactive oxygen species, found during inflammation) and albumin the most typical protein of biological fluids. Electrochemical methods were applied for corrosion investigations. The results provide evidence that titanium’s alloy corrosion resistance is affected by inflammatory conditions and albumin presence in saliva biological solution.
Extraction of pesticide residues from plant extracts using regenerative MCM41 mesoporous materials
Authors: Florea M A , Purcareanu B , Bicu A , Drumea V , Gird C E , Grigoroscuta M , Mihaiescu D E , Vasilievici G , Olariu L 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determinate the adsorption degree of pesticide residues on MCM41 mesoporous material from plant extracts usually used in phytotherapeutic treatments. The choice of the material was based on the high adsorption capacity, due to the specific surface area, over 800 m2/g and for the possibility of their regeneration/reusability capacity. The silica matrix was synthesized starting from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS)- the silica source and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)- as a template agent, the whole process taking place in continuous flow at room temperature and normal pressure. The material obtained was characterized by microscopy techniques (transmission and scanning electron microscopy TEM and SEM) for determination of pores morphology, by standard method Brunauer-Emmett-Teller for pore size distribution and specific surface area (textural analysis- B.E.T), by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for spectral fingerprint and by dynamic light scattering (DLS) for determination of hydrodynamic diameter of particles. The tests were carried out on extracts performed with organic solvents from some medicinal species (Menthae officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla), using mesoporous material MCM41 for isolation / concentration of pesticide residues. Quantitation of pesticide residues was performed using a gas chromatograph coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (GC-MS/MS), for both extracts and MCM41 material.
Surface properties in surfactant systems containing amino acid-based surfactants
Authors: Chican I E , Vărăşteanu D , Fierăscu I , Fierăscu R C , Deaconu M 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The development of green surfactants produced from renewable raw materials at the expense of petrochemical-based surfactants took into account the increasing requirements for environmental protection and the demand of the society for sustainable development. A variety of renewable raw materials such as triglycerides, carbohydrates or amino acids are used in green surfactant synthesis. The natural structure of green surfactants induces low toxicity and high biodegradability. In this work was investigated the behaviour of surfactant systems containing synthesized amino acid-based surfactants (sodium lauroy lglycinate and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate) and amphoteric or nonionic surfactants, highlighting the differences between surfactant systems containing sodium lauroyl glycinate or sodium lauroyl sarcosinate due to nitrogen methylation of the amide nitrogen in the latter. Synergetic behaviour of aqueous surfactant systems were found, leading to improved properties in terms of surface tension and foaming power.
New refractory high entropy alloys
Authors: Voiculescu I , Geantă V , Stefănoiu R , Rotariu A , Scutelnicu E , Pantilimon M C , Mitrică D , Crăciun V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The paper presents researches on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a new types of refractory high entropy alloys, which can be used for thermal engine components as well as for military incendiary bullet. The main characteristics required for such applications are high compression resistance, microstructural stability during thermal stress, hardness and corrosion resistance. To obtain such specific characteristics, the raw materials must be melted in inert protective atmosphere, and then heat treated for the homogenization of the microstructure and chemical composition. In the paper, there have been studied three types of high entropy alloys, HfMoNiTaW, 2HfMoNi2Ta and MoNiTaW obtained in the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) equipment. The heat treatment, performed at 800 °C with a holding time of 4 hours, allows obtaining a good homogenization of the chemical composition while generating a decrease in the microhardness, from a maximum value of 637 HV0.2 to a minimum value of 527HV0.2.
Compliance behaviour on Zakat donation: A qualitative approach
Authors: Farah J M S , Shafiai M H B M , Ismail A G B 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Zakat is a mandatory charity that is paid by every Muslim as part of their duty to the creator. This study examines the compliance behaviour on zakat donation. The study further defined compliance in term of religious obligation among the Fakulti Ekonomi dan Pengurusan academicians at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) using a qualitative approach. This Study used interview methods with saturated sample size. The findings of this research revealed there is a diversity of commitments and obligations for compliance behaviour on zakat donation. Amongst the universal themes of zakat paying motivations namely; religious duties, knowledge about the zakat donation into the poor, confidence in the fair disbursement of zakat collection to Asnaf, a blessings from Allah, assisting Muslim society, the inspire of zakat administrators, tax repayment incentive, cleanse one’s revenue and wealth, and control of spiritual teachers. The research suggested that more empirical studies should be done within the area of compliance on zakat donation using a qualitative method since the majority of the prior studies on zakat compliance only focused quantitative method. This study also recommends the future studies might concentrate on internal or psychological obligation and donation on zakat.
Modeling the machined surface quality of an aluminum alloy using the active experiment type
Authors: Pop A B , Ţîţu M A , Pop G I , Ţîţu Ş 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The surface roughness obtained by the cutting processes has always been a subject of great interest when it is intended to improve the quality of the final product requested by the customer. The objective of this scientific paper involves a comparative study on the tracking of the surface roughness measured both longitudinally and transversely in the direction of the cutting feed movement, following the end-milling process of an aluminum alloy used in the aerospace industry worldwide. Practical experiments have conducted in a prestigious company in the aerospace industry of Romania. Regarding the cutting regime, in terms of milling, a cutting speed was adopted to maintain its constant value at 570 m/min, and the cutting depth and feed per tooth are within the range recommended by the cutting tool manufacturer in aluminum machining. The measuring and control devices used to obtain the experimental data were chosen after careful analysis, such as the surface tester and the electronic microscope. With the help of the obtained data, it was possible to interpret the surface roughness results measured longitudinally in the direction of the feed motion, compared to the roughness measured transversally in the same direction of the cutting tool. Different variations of the surface roughness have highlighted with the help of profiles and microscopic analyses of the machined surfaces. This study is in the category of scientific papers with an extremely high level of applied scientific research using experimental statistical modeling of active type.
Considerations regarding WC-cermets depositions by HVOF and ESD techniques used for reinforced steel components for geothermal turbines
Authors: Buzaianu A , Trusca R , Motoiu P , Csaki I , Ioncea A , Motoiu V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
The cumulative effect of erosion-corrosion process in geothermal turbines results in significant damages, especially for rotors and turbine blades; the degree in which they are affected depends on steam temperature, mechanical impact and the geothermal composition of the substances dissolved in steam. Layer composite materials are a feasible option to improve the erosion-corrosion resistance and the durability of turbine components. There cermet powders containing tungsten carbide are used for High Velocity Oxy-Fuel (HVOF) spaying and for Electro Spark Deposition (ESD) to obtain graduate microstructure and to form local hard structures. Both techniques by WC-cermet depositions were found to be most suitable to improve wear resistance, to repair rotors and blades and to provide possible life extension of geothermal turbines. The paper presents a comparative assessment of tungsten carbide and the technological parameters used for HVOF and ESD cermets layers depositions. Also, the work presents the analysis of the micro chemical composition of the microstructure, the micromechanical characterization and erosion-oxidation resistance of HVOF and ESD coatings using WC-cermets on steel substrates. The experimental procedure involved X-ray diffraction of the samples, micro mechanical tests and SEM investigations to provide specifically information about micro-morphological modifications and grade of adhesion of protective layers.
Machining of thermal sprayed coatings – a case study for self-fluxing powder
Authors: Stescu C , Chicet D , Munteanu C , Croitoru C , Cârlescu V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In this paper we studied the possibility of mechanical processing of a coating produced by atmospheric plasma spray method from nickel-based self-fluxing powder. Two samples were realized from the same alloy type - NiCrBSiFe alloyed with WC, one of which was mechanically processed in the raw state and the other after applying the self-fluxing treatment. Subsequently, their behaviour was observed during the mechanical processing. Both the morphology of the coatings after processing and their mechanical properties (using scratch method) were evaluated.
Considerations on the surface roughness of SLM processed metal parts and the effects of subsequent sandblasting
Authors: Bernevig-Sava M A , Stamate C , Lohan N-M , Baciu A M , Postolache I , Baciu C , Baciu E-R 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Selective Laser Melting is an Additive Manufacturing technology based on 3D scanning of successive layers of metal powder. Three distinct values were determined for each of the three technological parameters (P – the power of the laser, Vscan – scanning speed and te – exposure time), therefore resulting nine sets for the “layer by layer” processing. After SLM processing, the samples were sandblasted simply (1S), sandblasted successively (2S), or left unsandblasted (NS). The roughness (Ra) of the outer surfaces was measured for all the samples, and there was found a decrease in the height of the micro-irregularities and the uniformization of the roughness profile along with the intensification of the sandblasting process. For some samples, there were found uncertainties regarding the accuracy of the experimental results’ values, determined by the presence of the adherent particles identified by the SEM analysis of the outer surfaces. The number and size of these particles have affected the manner in which the samples were placed on the roughness tester’s plate, as well as the accuracy of the measurements. Under these conditions, the tip of the roughness tester’s diamond stylus has recorded the specific values of the surface’s secondary profile, which is affected by the existence of the formations adhering to the primary profile of the SLM processed samples.
Al0.5CrCoFeNi high entropy alloy for Geothermal Environment
Authors: Geambazu L E , Manea C A , Csaki I , Miculescu F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Al0.5CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy was processed by mechanical alloying and investigated in term of powders characteristics and microstructures. The obtained power was pressed and sintered resulting in a bulk material that will be further processed to obtain electrodes that will be deposited on the substrate by electro spark deposition process, in an attempt to obtain a corrosion resisting coating. High Entropy Alloys are known due to their corrosion and wear resistant properties, which makes them the perfect candidates in numerous domains as marine, geothermal, oil and gas industries, where the aggressive environment tends to corrode the in work components of the equipment. The cocktail effect is characteristic to the high entropy alloys, where every component concurs in an alloy with predetermined properties.
Nanomaterials applied for heavy metals removal from wastewater
Authors: Covaliu C I , Paraschiv G , Stoian O , Vişan A 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
In the past years, nanotechnology has been studied and it proved that is one of the advanced ways for toxic compounds removal from wastewater. In this paper we focus on nanomaterials used for treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals. Nanoparticles have very high and specific adsorption capacity being applied in water depollution, remediation and treatment process. The depollution methods based on nanomaterials could be more cost-effective, less time and energy consuming, generating no or less waste in comparison with conventional methods. The aim of this review is to summarize the applications of nanoadsorbants within heavy metals depollution methods.
Recent graphene oxide/TiO2 thin film based on self-cleaning application
Authors: Azani A , Che Halin D S , Razak K A , Abdullah M M A B , Salleh M A A M , Mahmed N , Ramli M M , Azhari A W , Chobpattana V 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Graphene oxide/TiO2 (GO/TiO2) thin films works as self-cleaning device have been developed in various method onto selected substrates. It was noticeable that graphene oxide is the best form in the group of graphene family. Under self-cleaning application, the wettability test and electroconductivity of the sample was the main characteristic for self-coating study. As planned, by addition of graphene to TiO2 films produce a highly conductivity, transparent and produced promising enhanced photocatalytic activities. Moreover, superhydrophilic properties of GO/TiO2 film surface film exhibits more as compared to TiO2 film only within a short period of time. Thus under this finding, the photocatalytic activity of GO/TiO2 films will be enhance as a result of improve charge separation efficiency because of the electron injection to graphene from TiO2 conduction band. Other factor that contribute to self-cleaning activity is the electrical conductivity of the graphene added to TiO2 thin film. The graphene added to TiO2 films have a lot of potential in various indoor application due to its fantastic characteristics such as not expensive, transparent, highly conductive, exhibits superhydrophilic properties, and very much photocatalytically active.