bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Human Placental-Derived Stem Cells in Collagen VII Knockout (Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa) Animal Model
Authors: Liao Yanling , Ivanova Larisa , Sivalenka Rajarajeswari , Plumer Trevor , Zhu Hongwen , Zhang Xiaokui , Christiano Angela M. , McGrath John A. , Gurney Jodi P. , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is a devastating inherited skin blistering disease caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene that encodes type VII collagen (C7), a major structural component of anchoring fibrils at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). We recently demonstrated that human cord blood-derived unrestricted somatic stem cells promote wound healing and ameliorate the blistering phenotype in a RDEB (col7a1−/−) mouse model. Here, we demonstrate significant therapeutic effect of a further novel stem cell product in RDEB, that is, human placental-derived stem cells (HPDSCs), currently being used as human leukocyte antigen-independent donor cells with allogeneic umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation in patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. HPDSCs are isolated from full-term placentas following saline perfusion, red blood cell depletion, and volume reduction. HPDSCs contain significantly higher level of both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic stem and progenitor cells than cord blood and are low in T cell content. A single intrahepatic administration of HPDSCs significantly elongated the median life span of the col7a1−/− mice from 2 to 7 days and an additional intrahepatic administration significantly extended the median life span to 18 days. We further demonstrated that after intrahepatic administration, HPDSCs engrafted short-term in the organs affected by RDEB, that is, skin and gastrointestinal tract of col7a1−/− mice, increased adhesion at the DEJ and deposited C7 even at 4 months after administration of HPDSCs, without inducing anti-C7 antibodies. This study warrants future clinical investigation to determine the safety and efficacy of HPDSCs in patients with severe RDEB.
3D Hybrid Small Scale Devices
Authors: Pagaduan Jayson V. , Bhatta Anil , Romer Lewis H. , Gracias David H. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractInterfacing nano/microscale elements with biological components in 3D contexts opens new possibilities for mimicry, bionics, and augmentation of organismically and anatomically inspired materials. Abiotic nanoscale elements such as plasmonic nanostructures, piezoelectric ribbons, and thin film semiconductor devices interact with electromagnetic fields to facilitate advanced capabilities such as communication at a distance, digital feedback loops, logic, and memory. Biological components such as proteins, polynucleotides, cells, and organs feature complex chemical synthetic networks that can regulate growth, change shape, adapt, and regenerate. Abiotic and biotic components can be integrated in all three dimensions in a well‐ordered and programmed manner with high tunability, versatility, and resolution to produce radically new materials and hybrid devices such as sensor fabrics, anatomically mimetic microfluidic modules, artificial tissues, smart prostheses, and bionic devices. In this critical Review, applications of small scale devices in 3D hybrid integration, biomicrofluidics, advanced prostheses, and bionic organs are discussed.
Robust and Stable Cu Nanowire@Graphene Core–Shell Aerogels for Ultraeffective Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Wu Shiting , Zou Mingchu , Li Zhencheng , Chen Daqin , Zhang Hui , Yuan Yongjun , Pei Yongmao , Cao Anyuan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCu nanowires (CuNWs) are considered as a promising candidate to develop high performance metal aerogels, yet the construction of robust and stable 3D porous structures remains challenging which severely limits their practical applications. Here, graphene‐hybridized CuNW (CuNW@G) core–shell aerogels are fabricated by introducing a conformal polymeric coating and in situ transforming it into multilayered graphene seamlessly wrapped around individual CuNWs through a mild thermal annealing process. The existence of the outer graphene shell reinforces the 3D bulk structure and significantly slows down the oxidation process of CuNWs, resulting in improved mechanical property and highly stable electrical conductivity. When applied in electromagnetic interference shielding, the CuNW@G core–shell aerogels exhibit an average effectiveness of ≈52.5 dB over a wide range (from 8.2 to 18 GHz) with negligible degradation under ambient conditions for 40 d. Mechanism analysis reveals that the graphene shell with functional groups enables dual reflections on the core–shell and a multiple dielectric relaxation process, leading to enhanced dielectric loss and energy dissipation within the core–shell aerogels. The flexible core–shell‐structured CuNW@G aerogels, with superior mechanical robustness and electrical stability, have potential applications in many areas such as advanced energy devices and functional composites.
In Situ Synthesis of MoP Nanoflakes Intercalated N‐Doped Graphene Nanobelts from MoO3–Amine Hybrid for High‐Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Huang Chao , Pi Chaoran , Zhang Xuming , Ding Kang , Qin Ping , Fu Jijiang , Peng Xiang , Gao Biao , Chu Paul K. , Huo Kaifu 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMolybdenum phosphide (MoP) is a promising non‐noble‐metal electrocatalyst in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but practical implementation is impeded by the sluggish HER kinetics and poor chemical stability. Herein, a novel high‐efficiency HER electrocatalyst comprising MoP nanoflakes intercalated nitrogen‐doped graphene nanobelts (MoP/NG), which are synthesized by one‐step thermal phosphiding organic–inorganic hybrid dodecylamine (DDA) inserted MoO3 nanobelts, is reported. The intercalated DDA molecules are in situ carbonized into the NG layer and the sandwiched MoO3 layer is converted into MoP nanoflakes which are intercalated between the NG layers forming the alternatingly stacked MoP/NG hybrid nanobelts. The MoP nanoflakes provide abundant edge sites and the sandwiched MoP/NG hybrid enables rapid ion/electron transport thus yielding excellent electrochemical activity and stability for HER. The MoP/NG shows a low overpotential of 94 mV at 10 mA cm−2, small Tafel slope of 50.1 mV dec−1, and excellent electrochemical stability with 99.5% retention for over 22 h.
3D Architectures of CoxP Using Silk Fibroin Scaffolds: An Active and Stable Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Generation in Acidic and Alkaline Media
Authors: Kim Taek‐Seung , Song Hee Jo , Kim Jae‐Chan , Ju Bobae , Kim Dong‐Wan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDeveloping nonprecious, highly active, and stable catalysts is essential for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction in water splitting. In this study, the facile synthesis of a 3D flower‐like CoxP/carbon architecture is proposed composed of an assembly of nanosheets interconnected by silk fibroin that acts as 3D scaffolds and a carbon source. This unique 3D architecture coupled with a carbon matrix enhances catalytic activity by exposing more active sites and increasing charge transport. The flower‐like CoxP/carbon can facilitate a lower overpotential, Tafel slope, charge transfer resistance, and a higher electrochemically active surface than carbon‐free and silk‐free CoxP. The nanostructured architecture exhibits excellent catalytic performance with low overpotentials of 109 and 121 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and Tafel slopes of 55 and 62 mV dec−1 in acidic and alkaline media, respectively. Furthermore, it minimally degrades the overpotential and current density after long‐term stability tests 10 000 cyclic voltammetry cycles and a chronoamperometric test over 40 h, respectively, in acidic media, which confirms the high durability and stability of the flower‐like CoxP/carbon.
Identification of damping ratio and its influences on wind‐ and earthquake‐induced effects for large cooling towers
Authors: Ke S.T. , Yu W. , Xu L. , Ge Y.J. , Tamura Y. 
Published: May 2018

SummaryStandard 5% damping ratio for high‐rise concrete structures is generally used for dynamic analysis under the action of wind and earthquakes in the existing cooling tower regulations and researches. But considering the unique configuration and material attributes of large cooling towers, the actual damping ratio must be far smaller than the recommended. However, only a few field measurements of damping ratio for large cooling towers have been conducted; neither are there thorough investigation into the qualitative and quantification of wind and seismic effects under different damping ratio. To fill this gap, field measurements of a large cooling tower standing 179 m in northwestern China was performed and acceleration vibration signals at representative positions of the tower under ambient excitation were obtained. The vibration signals were preprocessed combining random decrement technique and natural excitation technique. Three pattern recognition methods (auto‐regressive and moving mean model, Ibrahim time domain, and spare time domain (STD)) were applied to analyze the frequencies, damping ratios, and modes of vibration for the first 10 order modes. Following the line of thought of modal combination, the equivalent synthetic damping ratio was derived. Under 5 damping ratios (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%), a comparative analysis on the dynamic responses of the cooling tower to wind and single seismic loading by using full transient method was performed. On this basis, the patterns of influence of damping ratio on wind‐induced vibration, wind vibration coefficient, and time history and extrema of seismic responses were extracted. Finally, different combinations of dead weight, wind, temperature in winter, sunshine duration, and seismic intensity and those of accidental seismic effects (8 working conditions) were considered, using equivalent synthetic damping ratio and standard damping ratio. Thus, the most unfavorable working conditions were identified under actual and standard damping ratios for the large cooling tower. Our research findings provide reference for determining the value of damping ratio in large cooling towers and deepening the understanding on the influence mechanism of damping ratio.
Fundal pressure in second stage of labor (Kristeller maneuver) is associated with increased risk of levator ani muscle avulsion
Authors: Youssef A. , Salsi G. , Cataneo I. , Pacella G. , Azzarone C. , Paganotto M. C. , Krsmanovic J. , Montaguti E. , Cariello L. , Bellussi F. , Rizzo N. , Pilu G. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the association between application of fundal pressure during the second stage of labor (Kristeller maneuver) and the risk of levator ani muscle (LAM) injury.MethodsThis was a prospective case–control study of women recruited immediately after their first vaginal delivery in our university hospital between March 2014 and September 2016. Women who underwent the Kristeller maneuver were recruited as cases. For each case, a control (no Kristeller) was recruited matched for body mass index, use of epidural analgesia, duration of second stage of labor and birth weight. All women were invited to undergo four‐dimensional (4D) transperineal ultrasound (TPU) 3–6 months postpartum. The main outcome measure was the presence of LAM avulsion on 4D‐TPU. TPU results were compared between cases and controls. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for LAM avulsion.ResultsDuring the study period, 134 women in the Kristeller maneuver group and 128 women in the control group underwent TPU assessment. Women who underwent the Kristeller maneuver had a higher prevalence of LAM avulsion than did controls (38/134 (28.4%) vs 18/128 (14.1%); P = 0.005). In addition, women in the Kristeller‐maneuver group had a larger hiatal area on maximum Valsalva maneuver and a greater increase in hiatal area from rest to maximum Valsalva. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, use of the Kristeller maneuver was the only independent factor associated with LAM avulsion (odds ratio, 2.5 (95% CI, 1.29–4.51)).ConclusionThe Kristeller maneuver is associated with an increased risk of LAM avulsion when applied in women during their first vaginal delivery. This should be taken into account when deciding to use fundal pressure to accelerate the second stage of labor and when counseling women following childbirth. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
A pack of dogs is more effective at flushing red foxes to guns than a pair
Authors: Naylor Jeremy R. J. , Knott John G. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTLegislation passed in Scotland in 2002 and England and Wales in 2004 banned the hunting of wild mammals with domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), with specific exemptions that allow red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to be driven out (“flushed”) from areas of terrain (“coverts”) to be shot as a means of pest control. In England and Wales, there is a limit of 2 dogs; whereas, in Scotland, there is no limit. The difference in the number of dogs allowed may have important implications for the efficacy of fox population control where they are considered to be a pest and potentially for the welfare of foxes being flushed. We addressed these questions by using a pack and a pair of dogs (foxhounds) to flush foxes to waiting guns from the same 80 coverts (in Scotland, from early Dec 2012 to late Mar 2013) in a balanced randomized crossover design, comparing the number of foxes flushed, time taken to flush them, and duration of active pursuit by dogs. Data were analyzed using regression models, with hunting method (pack vs. pair) and potential confounding environmental, operational, and terrain factors as independent variables. Models were compared using Akaike's Information Criteria (AICc) and parameter estimates were obtained from the best fitting (ΔAICc <4.0) models using AICc weighted model‐averaging. When we used a pair of dogs as compared with a pack, 56% fewer foxes were flushed. Whereas when we used a pack, the time to the first fox being flushed was 2.94 times less than with a pair and the time from start of active pursuit to the first fox being flushed was 5.05 times less. These findings provide support to the contentions that the use of a pair rather than a pack of dogs a) is considerably less effective in flushing foxes to guns, and b) imposes a longer duration of pursuit on foxes. © 2018 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Use of synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy to investigate bioaccumulation, molecular target, and biotransformation of volcanic elements
Authors: Lamela Paula A. , Pérez Roberto D. , Pérez Carlos A. , Bongiovanni Guillermina A. 
Published: May 2018

Because environment pollutants have a strong impact on ecosystems, including human health, methods of their determination and mitigation have received special attention in recent years. Taking advantage of the wide range of data that can be obtained by synchrotron radiation X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (SRXRF) in the field of environmental sciences, different instrumental setups were used to study the biological fates of toxic elements in volcanic environments. The elemental composition of plants, algae, and bacteria in Copahue and Domuyo volcanoes from Argentinean Patagonia was determined by SRXRF and the volcanic elements Ti, Fe, and Zn were abundant in these organisms. Interestingly, a high As concentration was found in cyanobacteria (26.2 μg/g) living in As contaminated stream (250 μg/ml). Because arsenic is toxic and human carcinogen, element‐retention capacity, element‐protein associations, and arsenic metabolism in this As resistant organism were analyzed by SRXRF. A high capacity (100–95%) of Ti > Fe > Cr > Sr > Ni > Cu > Mn > Zn > As retention was found after aqueous/alcoholic extraction assisted by ultrasonication. The cyanobacterial proteins were separated by SDS‐PAGE, electro‐transferred to nitrocellulose, and mapped by SRXRF. Defined protein bands containing Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, and/or Zn were observed. Their ability to metabolize arsenic was revealed by combining SRXRF and X‐ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and Dimethylarsenic was found. Based on results, we speculate that these cyanobacteria could be interesting candidates for water treatment. Finally, we conclude that SRXRF is a valuable tool to study the biological cycle of environmental pollutants, including their accumulation, molecular targets, and metabolism. The SRXRF may also assist in remediation researches.
Copy number variation related disease genes
Authors: Aouiche Chaima , Shang Xuequn , Chen Bolin 
Published: May 2018

BackgroundOne of the most important and challenging issues in biomedicine and genomics is how to identify disease related genes. Datasets from high‐throughput biotechnologies have been widely used to overcome this issue from various perspectives, e.g., epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics. At the genomic level, copy number variations (CNVs) have been recognized as critical genetic variations, which contribute significantly to genomic diversity. They have been associated with both common and complex diseases, and thus have a large influence on a variety of Mendelian and somatic genetic disorders.ResultsIn this review, based on a variety of complex diseases, we give an overview about the critical role of using CNVs for identifying disease related genes, and discuss on details the different high‐throughput and sequencing methods applied for CNV detection. Some limitations and challenges concerning CNV are also highlighted.ConclusionsReliable detection of CNVs will not only allow discriminating driver mutations for various diseases, but also helps to develop personalized medicine when integrating it with other genomic features.
Morphological evaluation using MRI of the olfactory filaments (fila) in a post‐traumatic olfactory rat model
Authors: Sun Zhi‐Fu , Gao Xing , Pinto Jayant M. , He Yin , Yang QingXian , Tian Jun , Lv Qian‐Wen , Wei Yong‐Xiang 
Published: May 2018

ObjectiveTo investigate whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to directly assess olfactory bulb (OB) lesions and quantify the associated morphological changes of olfactory filaments (OF), also known as fila, in an in vivo OB‐lesion rat model of the brain.MethodsA surgical group (n = 5) of male Sprague–Dawley rats was subjected to the unilateral damage of the OB by a steel needle. The control group (n = 5) did not receive surgery. To assess olfactory system injury in vivo, T2‐weighted MRI images were acquired in an oblique plane at a 30° angle from transverse plane one day after surgery. These brain regions were also assessed in the controls. The olfactory function was evaluated using the buried food pellet test (BFPT) 5 days before and after surgery.ResultsThe OF could be clearly observed on the MRI images from all animals. The left and right OF mean lengths (mm) were similar in the control group (0.81 ± 0.18 vs 0.89 ± 0.17, P > 0.05). In the surgical group, the OB was partially injured in all rats. These rats did not show differences in OF length between left‐ and right‐side (0.83 ± 0.18 vs 0.93 ± 0.24, P > 0.05) at the time of measurement. The time (sec) required to find the food pellets in the BFPT was longer after than before the surgery (83.80 ± 34.37 vs 231.44 ± 53.23, P < 0.05).ConclusionsMicroMRI may be a feasible tool to evaluate the OF and OBs in rat models. The unilateral partial OB lesion model appears to be an effective post‐traumatic olfactory dysfunction model.
Actuality in Hegel and Marx
Authors: Zambrana Rocío 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCritics of Marx of various stripes have rejected the view of historical necessity that he purportedly inherits from Hegel. Marx famously pledges allegiance to Hegelian necessity by arguing, for example, that social antagonisms ‘spring from natural laws’ that work themselves out with ‘iron necessity’; that the bourgeoisie produces its own ‘gravediggers’; that the proletariat’s victory is ‘inevitable’. In response, some commentators have argued that Marx’s allegiance to Hegelian modality has more to do with understanding possibility as indexed to actuality than with claims about the necessary logic and eventual collapse of capital. Iain Macdonald complicates both classic and revisionary accounts by distilling a rare but powerful notion in Marx’s early and middle period: ‘deactualization’ (Entwirklichung). Marx deploys this term to theorize the ‘thwarting’ indeed ‘undoing’ of real possibility within the ‘living process of actuality’. For Macdonald, this is a deeply ‘unHegelian moment’ in Marx’s corpus. In this paper, I provide a reading of Hegel’s treatment of modality in the Doctrine of Essence that shows that Hegelian modality not only makes room for alternate possibilities, but indeed accounts for thwarted possibilities within actuality. Rather than formal or real modality, Hegelian absolute modality is the proper philosophical framework for thinking the coextensive actualization and deactualization distinctive of capitalism.
On high-order perturbation expansion for the study of long–short wave interactions
Authors: Pan Yulin , Liu Yuming , Yue Dick K. P. 
Published: May 2018

In high-order analysis and simulation of long–short surface wave interaction using mode decomposition, ‘divergent’ terms of the form $k_{S}a_{L}=O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})\gg 1$ appear in the high-order expansions, where $k_{L,S}$, $a_{L,S}$ are respectively the long, short modal wavenumbers and amplitudes, with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\equiv k_{S}/k_{L}\gg 1$ and $k_{L}a_{L}\sim k_{S}a_{S}=O(\unicode[STIX]{x1D716})$ finite. We address the effect of these terms on the numerical scheme, showing numerical cancellation at all orders $m$; but increasing ill-conditioning of the numerics with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ and $m$, which we quantify. In the context of mode decomposition, we show theoretical exact cancellation of the divergent terms up to $m=3$, extending the existing result of Brueckner & West (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 196, 1988, pp. 585–592) and supporting the conjecture that this is obtained for all orders $m$. We show the latter by developing a theoretical proof for any $m$ using a Dirichlet–Neumann operator and mathematical induction. The implication of the theoretical proof on the numerical simulation of long–short wave interaction is discussed.
Interlaminar Stresses Analysis of Three-Dimensional Composite Laminates by the Boundary Element Method
Authors: Shiah Y. C. , Hematiyan M. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIn engineering industries, composite laminates have been widely applied for various applications. This work presents an efficient analysis of the interlaminar stresses in three-dimensional thin layered anisotropic composites by the boundary element method (BEM). Due to the nearly singular integrals in the boundary integral equation, the conventional BEM approach cannot be applied to analyze the composite layers that are very thin. The present work employs the self-regularization scheme to analyze the interlaminar stresses in thin anisotropic composites. In the end, a few benchmark examples are presented to show the applicability of the present approach.