bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionome and elemental transport kinetics shaped by parallel evolution in threespine stickleback
Authors: Rudman Seth M. , Goos Jared M. , Burant Joseph B. , Brix Kevin V. , Gibbons Taylor C. , Brauner Colin J. , Jeyasingh Punidan D. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractEvidence that organisms evolve rapidly enough to alter ecological dynamics necessitates investigation of the reciprocal links between ecology and evolution. Data that link genotype to phenotype to ecology are needed to understand both the process and ecological consequences of rapid evolution. Here, we quantified the suite of elements in individuals (i.e., ionome) and differences in the fluxes of key nutrients across populations of threespine stickleback. We find that allelic variation associated with freshwater adaptation that controls bony plating is associated with changes in the ionome and nutrient recycling. More broadly, we find that adaptation of marine stickleback to freshwater conditions shifts the ionomes of natural populations and populations raised in common gardens. In both cases ionomic divergence between populations was primarily driven by differences in trace elements rather than elements typically associated with bone. These findings demonstrate the utility of ecological stoichiometry and the importance of ionome‐wide data in understanding eco‐evolutionary dynamics.
Association of temperament with dental anxiety and behaviour of the preschool child during the initial dental visit
Authors: Jain Avani , Suprabha Baranya Shrikrishna , Shenoy Ramya , Rao Arathi 
Published: February 2019

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between temperament characteristics of preschool children, dental anxiety, and their dental behaviour. A total of 100 children, aged 3–5 yr, who were attending their initial dental visit accompanied by a parent, were included in this cross‐sectional study. Dental anxiety of children was measured using the Facial Image Scale. The behaviour of children during the initial oral examination and oral prophylaxis was assessed using Frankl's behaviour rating scale. Temperament was assessed using Emotionality, Activity, Shyness Temperament Survey for Children (parental ratings). Statistically significant weak linear positive correlations were seen between the following: the percentage duration of definitely negative behaviour and shyness scores (rs = 0.28); anxiety level and emotionality scores (rs = 0.28); and anxiety level and shyness scores (rs = 0.26). Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that children with higher anxiety had higher odds of showing definitely negative behaviour, which decreased with increasing age of the child. Emotionality and shyness temperaments may be weakly associated with dental anxiety, and shyness may be weakly associated with the dental behaviour of the preschool child. Definitely negative dental behaviour is associated with dental anxiety and age of the child.
Lack of posterior occlusal support predicts the reduction in walking speed in 80‐year‐old Japanese adults: A 3‐year prospective cohort study with propensity score analysis by the SONIC Study Group
Authors: Hatta Kodai , Ikebe Kazunori , Mihara Yusuke , Gondo Yasuyuki , Kamide Kei , Masui Yukie , Sugimoto Ken , Matsuda Ken‐ichi , Fukutake Motoyoshi , Kabayama Mai , Shintani Ayumi , Ishizaki Tatsuro , Arai Yasumichi , Rakugi Hiromi , Maeda Yoshinobu 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between posterior occlusal support by residual teeth and the reduction in walking speed in 80‐year‐old Japanese adults using propensity score matching.Background data discussing the present status of the fieldPrevious studies have demonstrated an association between oral status and motor function; however, most of these studies had a cross‐sectional design.Material and methodThis study included 353 community‐dwelling Japanese people aged 79‐81 years. Low walking speed was defined as ≤0.8 m/s, and participants with a low walking speed at baseline were excluded. The participants were divided into two groups: with or without posterior occlusal support by residual teeth at baseline. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the effects of bias by matching participants with and without posterior occlusal support according to similar background factors at baseline. Conditional logistic regression was conducted to determine low walking speed at the 3‐year follow‐up, which included posterior occlusal support as an independent variable with matching data.ResultsBefore matching for posterior occlusal support, significant differences existed between the groups in terms of sex, years of education, height, weight and grip strength. However, after matching, there was no significant difference between the groups in any characteristic. Logistic regression analysis showed that posterior occlusal support is a significant variable (odds ratio = 1.88; P = 0.04) associated with reduced walking speed.ConclusionLack of posterior occlusal support at baseline independently predicted the incidence of reduced walking speed over 3 years.
Behavior changes by a buddy‐style intervention including physical training, and nutritional and social support
Authors: Winzer Eva , Dorner Thomas E , Grabovac Igor , Haider Sandra , Kapan Ali , Lackinger Christian , Schindler Karin 
Published: February 2019

AimPrevious research suggests that multicomponent interventions including physical training, and nutritional and social support are required to improve a person's behavior. As a pre‐specified secondary outcome, this analysis aimed to ascertain whether a “buddy‐style” intervention could produce physical activity and nutritional behavior changes in older adults.MethodsA 12‐week, home‐based, randomized controlled trial was carried out with 80 older persons, who were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 39), including physical training and nutritional support, and a control group (n = 41). Trained non‐professional volunteers visited the participants at home twice a week. Physical activity and nutritional behavior were assessed through validated questionnaires.ResultsIn total, 36 participants in the intervention group and 26 participants in the control group completed the final questionnaire. The intervention group showed significant improvements in physical activity behavior, such as light sport activity (β = 9.13, 95% CI 0.90–17.37 min/day; P = 0.030), muscle strength exercise (β = 68.18, 95% CI 46.45–89.91 min/week; P < 0.001) and overall activities (β = 0.69, 95% CI 0.21–1.18 h/day; P = 0.006), compared with the control group. Nutritional behavior improvements for the intervention group were observed in the consumption of legumes/nuts (β = 0.18, 95% CI 0.00–0.35 portions/day; P = 0.047) and fluids (β = 0.48, 95% CI 0.01–0.98 portions/day; P = 0.050), relative to controls.ConclusionsA “buddy‐style” program in older adults living at home can produce effective physical activity changes and, to a lesser extent, changes in dietary behavior, and has the potential to be efficient and feasible. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 323–329.
Bleeding and safety outcomes in persons with haemophilia A without inhibitors: Results from a prospective non‐interventional study in a real‐world setting
Authors: Kruse‐Jarres Rebecca , Oldenburg Johannes , Santagostino Elena , Shima Midori , Kempton Christine L. , Kessler Craig M. , Lehle Michaela , Chebon Sammy , Selak Bienz Nives , Asikanius Elina , Mahlangu Johnny 
Published: February 2019

IntroductionProspectively collected real‐world data on bleeds, haemophilia treatment and safety in persons with haemophilia A (PwHA) without factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors are limited. A global, non‐interventional study (NIS; NCT02476942) prospectively collected real‐world data in PwHA who were treated per local routine clinical practice.AimAssess annualized bleeding rate (ABR), haemophilia treatment practices and adverse events (AEs) in adult/adolescent PwHA without inhibitors.MethodsEligible participants aged ≥12 years with severe HA without history of inhibitors prospectively collected bleeding and treatment information.ResultsNinety‐four participants were enrolled (median [range] age, 34 [12‐76] years) and monitored for a median (range) of 29.8 (12.4‐47.7) weeks. In the episodic (n = 45) and prophylactic (n = 49) treatment groups, respectively, 872/1066 (81.8%) and 151/189 (79.9%), bleeds were treated; ABRs (95% confidence interval) were 36.1 (30.8‐42.3) and 5.0 (3.3‐7.5), respectively, for treated bleeds and 43.1 (36.5‐50.9) and 6.2 (4.2‐9.2), respectively, for all bleeds, and median (interquartile range) ABRs were 31.1 (19.8‐51.6) and 1.9 (0.0‐8.2), respectively, for treated bleeds and 35.3 (21.7‐62.9) and 2.7 (0.0‐9.4), respectively, for all bleeds. Half of the participants on FVIII prophylaxis had relatively high adherence to treatment, using 2.9 and 2.1 median doses/wk of standard and extended half‐life FVIII, respectively. Serious AEs included gastrointestinal polyp haemorrhage and haemarthrosis; the most common AE was viral upper respiratory tract infection.ConclusionPwHA without inhibitors continue to bleed on prophylaxis, consistent with the literature, and require treatment for breakthrough bleeds. This prospective NIS demonstrates the need for more efficacious haemostatic approaches.
Associations of microvascular dysfunction with cardiovascular outcomes: The cardiac, endothelial function and arterial stiffness in ESRD (CERES) cohort
Authors: Ayer Amrita , Mills Claire , Donovan Catherine , Christenson Robert H. , Ganz Peter , Dubin Ruth F. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroduction: Patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) have reduced endothelial function, but whether macro‐ and microvascular endothelial function correlate with baseline risk factors and cardiovascular outcomes in this population is not well understood.Methods: Among 146 participants of the Cardiac, Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in ESRD (CERES) study, we evaluated macro‐ and microvascular endothelial dysfunction as flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) and velocity time integral (VTI), respectively. We examined cross‐sectional correlations of baseline characteristics, inflammatory and cardiac markers with FMD and VTI. We followed participants for the composite outcome of cardiovascular hospitalization or all‐cause death over fourteen months. Cox survival analyses were adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, medications, systolic blood pressure, inflammation, high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TnT), and N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP).Findings: Impaired VTI was associated with older age and Black race (P < 0.05), as well as female gender, atherosclerosis, and hemodialysis (as opposed to peritoneal dialysis) (P < 0.2). Myocardial injury, measured as hs‐TnT, inflammatory markers and NT‐proBNP correlated with impaired VTI. In unadjusted analyses, VTI was significantly associated with the composite outcome (HR per SD VTI 0.65 [95%CI 0.45, 0.95]), but FMD was not (HR per SD FMD 0.97 [95%CI 0.69, 1.4]). When VTI was calculated as the ratio of (hyperemic VTI‐baseline VTI)/baseline VTI, its association with the outcome persisted after multivariable adjustment.Discussion: Microvascular function was associated with higher rates of cardiovascular hospitalizations and all‐cause mortality among individuals with ESRD on dialysis. Further research is needed to learn whether novel therapies that target microvascular endothelial function could improve outcomes in this high‐risk population.
Driving with cardiac devices in Australia. Does a review of recent evidence prompt a change in guidelines?
Authors: Lovibond Samuel W. , Odell Morris , Mariani Justin A. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAustralian Driving Guidelines for patients with pacemakers and implanted cardioverter defibrillators are in line with many around the world, with some minor differences. Some aspects of these guidelines lack contemporary evidence in key decision‐making areas and make broad recommendations regarding groups with heterogeneous populations. In addition, more recent studies suggest lower rates of adverse events in some patients with these devices than previously thought. Through a systematic literature review, along with discussion of current guidelines, we combine new evidence with well established risk assessment tools to ask the following questions: (i) Given the heterogeneity of patient risk within the defibrillator population, should guidelines allow for further individualisation of risk and subsequent licensing restrictions?; and (ii) Could some patients with primary prevention automated cardioverter defibrillators be able to hold a commercial driving licence?
Visualising theTitanicDisaster
Authors: Friendly Michael , Symanzik Jürgen , Onder Ortac 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe sinking of the Titanic has inspired books, movies and documentaries. But it has also motivated data visualisation designers to tell the story of the tragedy in new ways. Michael Friendly, Jürgen Symanzik and Ortac Onder review the first graph of the disaster and some recent history
Characterization of LDH (phyllosilicate/carbonate) type compounds formed in the pozzolanic reaction of phyllosilicate‐rich industrial waste
Authors: Sánchez Isabel , Ramírez Mario , Casas Angulo Marina , Vigil de la Villa Raquel , García‐Giménez Rosario , Bomati Oscar , Zapardiel Antonio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractReutilization of industrial waste products as cement additives yields a number of secondary materials, yet their identification is not always trivial. Confirmation of the formation of a LDH‐type (phyllosilicate/carbonate) material is the main purpose of this study. Mineralogically, organic and inorganic compounds form some industrial wastes, among which the phyllosilicates are prominent. Crystalline and amorphous hydrated phases appeared during the pozzolanic reaction in a dehydroxylated phyllosilicate/lime system, whose controlled activation yielded dehydroxylated products with high pozzolanic properties. The LDH‐type (phyllosilicate/carbonate) material was one of the reaction products; this material could be considered as the superposition type 1:1 of tetrahedral layers of silicon and aluminum and octahedral layers of aluminum (dehydroxylated kaolinite), generating a positive charge in the interlaminar region compensated by carbonate anions with a basal spacing (001) measured by XRD at 7.57Å. Therefore, several techniques were used to determine whether they could be included in the structural group named Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs), as they are, too, laminar layers of oxides and hydroxides with a positive laminar charge in the interlayer region compensated by the presence of anions with similar basal spacing. In this research, the effects of activation temperature and calcite proportion were analyzed on the hydrated phases formed after 28 days of pozzolanic reaction in a metakaolin (MK)/lime system. The MK was obtained from a mix of 1:1; 2:1 and 3:1 kaolinite:calcite mixture, thermally activated at 750°C for 2 hours, comparing it with kaolinite activated at 600°C for 2 hours. As the most LDH‐rich sample, the 1:1 LDH‐type (phyllosilicate/carbonate) phase was characterized using XRD, SEM‐EDX, HRTEM‐EDX, FTIR, NMR‐MAS, and Raman spectroscopy.
Role of oxygen‐vacancy in piezoelectric properties and fatigue behavior of (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.93Ba0.07Ti1+xO3 ceramics
Authors: Jia Xuanrui , Zhang Jingji , Wang Lejian , Wang Jiangying , Du Huiwei , Yao Yaxuan , Ren Lingling , Wen Fei , Zheng Peng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this reported study, (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.93Ba0.07Ti1+xO3 (abbreviated as BNBT1+x) ceramics, containing Ti‐nonstoichiometry that ranged from a 2% deficiency to a 1% excess, were designed and systematically characterized. The results of the X‐ray diffraction Rietveld refinement and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of these materials revealed that the amount of Ti in the BNBT1+x ceramics significantly affected the degree of coexistent rhombohedral/tetragonal phases and also affected the content of singly/doubly charged oxygen‐vacancy (/) in the ceramics. After poling and 105 fatigue cycles, the variation in Raman resonance line‐width of the Ti–O bond in the BNBT1+x ceramics was found to be strongly dependent on the amount of Ti in the ceramic. The → transformation and clustering of the defects under electrical loading were considered to be a critical factor in electric field‐induced structural transition and fatigue properties of the material.
The effect of imprint on remanent piezoelectric properties and ferroelectric aging of PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 thin films
Authors: Akkopru‐Akgun Betul , Zhu Wanlin , Lanagan Michael T. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFerroelectric films suffer from both aging and degradation under high ac‐field drive conditions due to loss of polarization with time. In this study, the roles of defect chemistry and internal electric fields on the long‐term stability of the properties of piezoelectric films were explored. For this purpose, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films with a Zr/Ti ratio of 52/48 doped with Mn‐ (PMZT) or Nb‐ (PNZT) were deposited on Pt coated Si substrates by the sol‐gel method. It was demonstrated that the magnitude of the internal field is much higher in PMZT films compared to PNZT films after poling in the temperature range of 25‐200°C under an electric field of −240 kV/cm. The development of the internal field is thermally activated, with activation energies from 0.5 ± 0.06 to 0.8 ± 0.1 eV in Mn doped films and from 0.8 ± 0.1 to 1.2 ± 0.2 eV in Nb doped films. The different activation energies for imprint suggests that the physical mechanism underlying the evolution of the internal field in PMZT and PNZT films differs; the enhanced internal field upon poling is attributed to (a) alignment of oxygen vacancy—acceptor ion defect dipoles (, ) in PMZT films, and (b) thermionic injection of electron charges and charge trapping in PNZT films. In either case, the internal field reduces back switching, enhances the remanent piezoelectric properties, and dramatically improves the aging behavior. PMZT films exhibited the greatest enhancement, with reduced high temperature (180°C) aging rates of 2%‐3%/decade due to improved stability of the poled state. In contrast, PNZT films showed significantly larger high temperature aging rates (15.5%/decade) in the piezoelectric coefficient, demonstrating that the fully poled state was not retained with time.
Drug resistance‐related microRNAs in osteosarcoma: Translating basic evidence into therapeutic strategies
Authors: Chen Ruiling , Wang Gangyang , Zheng Ying , Hua Yingqi , Cai Zhengdong 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAlthough the application of multiple chemotherapy brought revolutionary changes to improve overall survival of osteosarcoma patients, the existence of multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a great challenge for successful osteosarcoma treatment in recent decades. Substantial studies have revealed various underlying mechanisms of MDR in cancers. As for osteosarcoma, evidence has highlighted that microRNAs (miRNAs) can mediate in the processes of DNA damage response, apoptosis avoidance, autophagy induction, activation of cancer stem cells, and signal transduction. Besides, these drug resistance‐related miRNAs showed much promise for serving as candidates for predictive biomarkers of poor outcomes and shorter survival time, and therapeutic targets to reverse drug resistance and overcome treatment refractoriness. This review aims to demonstrate the potential molecular mechanisms of miRNAs‐regulated drug resistance in osteosarcoma, and provide insight in translating basic evidence into therapeutic strategies.
Weak premating isolation between Clitarchus stick insect species despite divergent male and female genital morphology
Authors: Langton‐Myers Shelley S. , Holwell Gregory I. , Buckley Thomas R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDocumenting natural hybrid systems builds our understanding of mate choice, reproductive isolation and speciation. The stick insect species Clitarchus hookeri and C. tepaki differ in their genital morphology and hybridize along a narrow peninsula in northern New Zealand. We utilize three lines of evidence to understand the role of premating isolation and species boundaries: (a) genetic differentiation using microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA; (b) variation in 3D surface topology of male claspers and 2D morphometrics of female opercular organs; and (c) behavioural reproductive isolation among parental and hybrid populations through mating crosses. The genetic data show introgression between the parental species and formation of a genetically variable hybrid swarm. Similarly, the male and female morphometric data show genital divergence between the parental species as well as increased variation within the hybrid populations. This genital divergence has not resulted in reproductive isolation between species, instead weak perimating isolation has enabled the formation of a hybrid swarm. Behavioural analysis demonstrates that the entire mating process influences the degree of reproductive isolation between species undergoing secondary contact. Mechanical isolation may appear strong, whereas perimating isolation is weak.
CPAP Adherence May Slow 1‐Year Cognitive Decline in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Apnea
Authors: Richards Kathy C. , Gooneratne Nalaka , Dicicco Barry , Hanlon Alexandra , Moelter Stephen , Onen Fannie , Wang Yanyan , Sawyer Amy , Weaver Terri , Lozano Alicia , Carter Patricia , Johnson Jerry 
Published: February 2019

Background/ObjectivesObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been linked to an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but little prospective evidence exists on the effects of OSA treatment in preclinical AD. The objective was to determine if continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment adherence, controlling for baseline differences, predicts cognitive and everyday function after 1 year in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to determine effect sizes for a larger trial.DesignQuasi‐experimental pilot clinical trial with CPAP adherence defined as CPAP use 4 hours or more per night over 1 year.SettingSleep and geriatric clinics and community.ParticipantsOlder adults, aged 55 to 89 years, with an apnea‐hypopnea index of 10 or higher participated: (1) MCI, OSA, and CPAP adherent (MCI +CPAP), n = 29; and (2) MCI, OSA, CPAP nonadherent (MCI −CPAP), n = 25.InterventionCPAP.MeasurementsThe primary cognitive outcome was memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test‐Revised), and the secondary cognitive outcome was psychomotor/cognitive processing speed (Digit Symbol subtest from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Substitution Test). Secondary function and progression measures were the Everyday Cognition, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study‐Clinical Global Impression of Change Scale, and Clinical Dementia Rating.ResultsStatistically significant improvements in psychomotor/cognitive processing speed in the MCI +CPAP group vs the MCI −CPAP group were observed at 1 year after adjustment for age, race, and marital status (parameter estimate = 1.68; standard error = 0.47; 95% confidence interval = 0.73‐2.62), with a 6‐month effect size (ES) of 0.46 and a 1‐year ES of 1.25. There were small to moderate ESs for memory (ES 0.20, 6 mo), attention (ES 0.25, 1 y), daytime sleepiness (ES 0.33, 6 mo and ES 0.22, 1 y), and everyday function (ES 0.50, 6 mo) favoring the MCI +CPAP group vs the MCI −CPAP group.ConclusionControlling for baseline differences, 1 year of CPAP adherence in MCI +OSA significantly improved cognition, compared with a nonadherent control group, and may slow the trajectory of cognitive decline.Trial Registration NumberMemories; NCT01482351; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01482351?cond=MCI+and+OSA&rank=1 J Am Geriatr Soc 67:558–564, 2019.