bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the “Preterm Behavioral Phenotype” in Children Born Extremely Preterm
Authors: Burnett Alice C. , Youssef George , Anderson Peter J. , Duff Julianne , Doyle Lex W. , Cheong Jeanie L.Y. ,   for the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To examine whether difficulties in emotional, attention, and peer or social functioning (a proposed “preterm behavioral phenotype”) co-occur within individual children born extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks of gestation) and/or extremely low birth weight (ELBW; <1,000 g) and whether different behavioral profiles are related to cognitive and academic outcomes.

Methods:
Population-based cohort of all EP/ELBW survivors born in the state of Victoria, Australia, in 2005, and contemporaneous matched controls were recruited at birth. At age 7 to 8 years, parents of 181 EP/ELBW and 185 control children rated their children's behavior on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire problem scales (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and peer problems). Latent profile analysis was used to explore patterns of behavior within individual children.

Results:
Four behavioral profiles were identified: (1) minimal difficulties in all domains; (2) a profile consistent with the preterm behavioral phenotype; (3) elevations in all domains except peer problems; and (4) marked global elevations in all domains. Most preterm children (55%) had a profile of minimal difficulties. Relative to their risk of being in the minimal difficulties group, EP/ELBW children were overrepresented in the preterm behavioral phenotype (20% vs. 12% controls) and the globally elevated symptom groups (8% vs. 3%). Accounting for birth group and demographic variables, profiles with higher levels of behavior symptoms were associated with poorer cognitive and academic performance.

Conclusion:
Although more EP/ELBW children exhibited the proposed preterm behavioral phenotype than controls, it occurred in only 20% of EP/ELBW children. Greater behavior symptoms were associated with poorer cognitive and academic outcomes.
Multilevel Factors Predicting Cardiac Rehabilitation Attendance and Adherence in Underserved Patients at a Safety-Net Hospital
Authors: Bennett Kymberley K. , Smith Andrew J. , Harry Kadie M. , Clark Jillian M. R. , Waters Marcia A. , Umhoefer Amanda J. , Bergland Dennis S. , Eways Kalon R. , Wilson Elizabeth J. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose:
This study examined multilevel factors as predictors of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) attendance and adherence among underserved patients at a safety-net hospital (SNH).

Methods:
Participants were recruited during hospitalization for a cardiac procedure or event. Participants responded to a questionnaire, and outcome data (including CR attendance and adherence) were extracted from medical records at baseline and 6 mo post-discharge.

Results:
Data were collected from 171 participants, 92 (53.8%) of whom attended CR. On average, participants completed 24 CR sessions (66.7% adherence) and 40 (43.5%) participants fully adhered to the 36 prescribed sessions. Bivariate comparisons showed that participants who attended CR were more likely to have insurance (P = .002), perceive CR as important (P = .008), believe they needed CR (P = .005), and endorsed fewer barriers to CR (P = .005) than their nonattending counterparts. After controlling for insurance status, a regression analysis to predict attendance revealed only 1 predictor; perceived lack of time (P = .04). Bivariate analyses showed that only 1 clinical factor, treatment during hospitalization, was significantly related to adherence (P = .03). Patients with medical management alone (no revascularization) showed less adherence than their counterparts with revascularization.

Conclusions:
Although access to insurance is a significant predictor of attendance, psychological barriers that are amenable to being addressed by CR staff are also important. Findings suggest that perceived lack of time is important in SNH patient decision making to attend CR. This psychological barrier is a subject on which CR staff can intervene to educate patients about the life expectancy increases and decreased personal health care expenditures because of attendance.
Targeting the CaVα–CaVβ interaction yields an antagonist of the N-type CaV2.2 channel with broad antinociceptive efficacy
Authors: Khanna Rajesh , Yu Jie , Yang Xiaofang , Moutal Aubin , Chefdeville Aude , Gokhale Vijay , Shuja Zunaira , Chew Lindsey A. , Bellampalli Shreya S. , Luo Shizhen , François-Moutal Liberty , Serafini Maria J. , Ha Taehwan , Perez-Miller Samantha , Park Ki Duk , Patwardhan Amol M. , Streicher John M. , Colecraft Henry M. , Khanna May 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Inhibition of voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels is a potential therapy for many neurological diseases including chronic pain. Neuronal CaV1/CaV2 channels are composed of α, β, γ and α2δ subunits. The β subunits of CaV channels are cytoplasmic proteins that increase the surface expression of the pore-forming α subunit of CaV. We targeted the high-affinity protein–protein interface of CaVβ's pocket within the CaVα subunit. Structure-based virtual screening of 50,000 small molecule library docked to the β subunit led to the identification of 2-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-N-((4-((3-phenylpropyl)amino)quinazolin-2-yl)methyl)acetamide (IPPQ). This small molecule bound to CaVβ and inhibited its coupling with N-type voltage-gated calcium (CaV2.2) channels, leading to a reduction in CaV2.2 currents in rat dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, decreased presynaptic localization of CaV2.2 in vivo, decreased frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potentials and miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials, and inhibited release of the nociceptive neurotransmitter calcitonin gene–related peptide from spinal cord. IPPQ did not target opioid receptors nor did it engage inhibitory G protein–coupled receptor signaling. IPPQ was antinociceptive in naive animals and reversed allodynia and hyperalgesia in models of acute (postsurgical) and neuropathic (spinal nerve ligation, chemotherapy- and gp120-induced peripheral neuropathy, and genome-edited neuropathy) pain. IPPQ did not cause akinesia or motor impairment, a common adverse effect of CaV2.2 targeting drugs, when injected into the brain. IPPQ, a quinazoline analog, represents a novel class of CaV2.2-targeting compounds that may serve as probes to interrogate CaVα–CaVβ function and ultimately be developed as a nonopioid therapeutic for chronic pain.
Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants and Warfarin-Associated Intracerebral Hemorrhage Protocol Reduces Timing of Door to Correction Interventions
Authors: Olivier Rosemary C. , Gleeson Diane , Skinner Claudia , Cacciata Marysol , Wickman Mary 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Background: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a life-threatening complication of oral anticoagulant therapy that sometimes results in hematoma expansion after onset. Our facility did not have a standardized process for treating oral anticoagulant–associated ICH; this resulted in lag times from order to reversal agent administration. Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a rapid anticoagulant reversal protocol, combined with warfarin and direct-acting oral anticoagulant therapy, in decreasing door to first intervention times. Methods: This study used a retrospective quality assessment research approach in examining an oral anticoagulant reversal protocol to compare the control and intervention groups. Phytonadione was the first intervention treatment for most study participants diagnosed with warfarin-associated ICH with an international normalized ratio greater than 1.4. Factor IX was the first intervention treatment for all but one study participant with DOAC-associated ICH. Results: Findings were statistically significant (P < .05) for door to first intervention treatments. Door to phytonadione in minutes decreased from 232.7 (SD, 199.4) to posttest findings of 111.4 (SD, 64.6). Door to factor IX in minutes decreased from 183.9 (SD, 230.2) to posttest findings of 116.6 (SD, 69.1). Conclusion: Study findings support the hypothesis that the new protocol was associated with lower door-to-treatment times for eligible patients.
Effect of Applicant Gender on Multiple Mini-Interview Admissions Score
Authors: Hegmann Theresa 
Published: February 2019

Purpose
Admissions criteria for physician assistant (PA) schools vary considerably, but they often involve a combination of academic measures, noncognitive “humanistic” qualities, and mission-related items. To address noncognitive attributes, some PA schools have implemented the multiple mini-interview (MMI) format developed at McMaster University in Canada. This research project looked at differences in interview scores by gender over 3 consecutive admissions cycles at one PA program.

Methods
Three years of pre-existing de-identified data gathered as part of the routine admissions process were analyzed retrospectively using SPSS-v25.

Results
Data were available for all interviewees for 2015, 2016, and 2017 (N = 350 total). Between-group differences were not statistically significant by gender. Reliability (Cronbach's α) was 0.865 for academic scoring and 0.694 for MMI scoring.

Discussion
Analysis of 3 years of admissions data from a single program did not show evidence for gender bias in MMI scores. Although this result is reassuring, it requires continued monitoring and replication.
Factors That Influence Job Choice at the Time of Graduation for Physician Assistant Students
Authors: Twombly Lauren Anne , Rizzolo Denise , Chen Rong , Kelchen Robert 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Research and data analysis show that there is a shortage of primary care providers throughout the United States. Physician assistants (PAs) play an important role in health care delivery; however, the percentage of PAs practicing in primary care has dramatically decreased in the past 15 years. The purpose of this study was to identify potential factors that influence PA students' first job choice following graduation from a PA program to determine whether they have a relationship to the choosing of primary care. The 2016 End of Program Survey data were analyzed using a multinominal logistic regression to determine what factors influenced PA students' selections of primary care as their first job choice: individual factors, program factors, and external factors. Of the 3038 subjects, 269 (8.9%) accepted a job in primary care, 847 (27.9%) accepted a specialty job, and 1922 (63.3%) did not accept a job. When comparing no job accepted versus primary care job choice, marital status and racial/ethnic differences influenced first job choice. Financial factors were also found to be significant predictors. In the second model, comparing specialty versus primary care job choice, marital status influenced first job choice along with financial factors. In addition, one program variable (moderate clinical rotation experience) was found to be statistically significant in the model of specialty versus primary care job choice. Financial factors were found to be the greatest predictor in first job choice. Focusing on policy to help reduce student debt and increase reimbursement rates could help increase the number of students choosing primary care.
On the Possibility of Achieving Near-Normal Swing Phase of Walking with Passive Single-Axis and Polycentric Knees: A Simulation Approach
Authors: Sudeesh S. , Sujatha S. , Shunmugam M.S. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
A new passive polycentric knee called IITM polycentric knee (IPK), where IITM stands for the authors' institution, namely, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, was designed to provide better functionality at a reduced cost. The design of the knee was based on stance phase stability criteria and toe clearance during the swing phase for users in developing countries to handle uneven terrain. The present study features a simulation-based dynamic analysis of a passive single-axis knee (SAK) and IPK to understand the swing phase behavior of the IPK with respect to SAK. This study aims at understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the IPK against a passive SAK to improve its design criteria and enable further development to provide better functionality to the existing passive SAK users.

Methods
Lower-limb models of a normal leg and prosthetic legs with SAK and IPK were created, their swing phases were simulated, and gait parameters were analyzed. The passive knees in the present study have only frictional damping and no active knee moments, implying the requirement of compensatory strategies for forward progression of the swinging leg. The required frictional damping at the knee joint to obtain near-normal knee motion and the compensations required while using the SAK and IPK were obtained by simulation. The lower-limb dynamics obtained from the simulations was analyzed to understand the performance of the SAK and IPK during swing.

Results
This study shows that the IPK is superior to an SAK in terms of achieving knee extension in preparation for stance, even without an extension assist and with lower hip effort. The peak hip power during swing with the IPK was 58.7% less than with the SAK. A negative heel clearance was found in terminal swing with the IPK, which demands a compensatory strategy for foot clearance during the swing and shows the necessity for inclusion of a heel clearance parameter in the design of polycentric knees.

Conclusions
The present work focuses on the swing behavior comparison of passive single-axis and polycentric knees. The study provides insight into the compensatory strategies required to achieve successful forward progression of the swinging leg with both types of knees. The analysis shows the potential for a well-designed passive polycentric knee to be a cost-effective alternative to achieve near-normal swing during walking.
Finite Element Analysis of the Jaipur Foot: Implications for Design Improvement
Authors: Wolynski Jakob G. , Wheatley Benjamin B. , Mali Harlal Singh , Jain Anil K. , Haut Donahue Tammy L. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The Jaipur Foot is a low-cost prosthetic limb developed by Dr. P.K. Sethi and implemented in clinics across India and the world. Although the device is well-suited for many geographic and socioeconomic areas, it suffers from an inconsistent lifespan.

Methods
The purpose of this study was to use finite element analysis to parametrically simulate the Jaipur Foot to determine potential improvements to the prosthesis’ design. The resulting model used varied material properties and internal boundary conditions through two stages of the gait cycle to predict the effects on the likelihood of device failure. Further analysis investigating the effect on device mechanics by the change in material properties due to vulcanization was also completed.

Results
Results suggested that the interface between microcellular rubber blocks is a concern for failure, which agrees with epidemiological studies of the prosthesis. Data further indicated changes in material property to result in substantial alterations to the stresses experienced within the prosthesis.

Conclusions
Future work could use this model for alternative designs of the Jaipur Foot.
Fu's subcutaneous needling and constraint-induced movement therapy for a patient with chronic stroke
Authors: Jin Yuanyuan , Jin Xiaoqing , Li Jiangru 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Rationale:
Spasticity is a common issue in chronic stroke. To date, no study has reported the long-term (up to 1 year) outcomes of Fu's subcutaneous needling in combination with constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke. This report describes the successful addition of acupuncture on spasticity and arm function in a patient with chronic stroke and arm paresis.

Patient concerns:
The patient suffered an infarction in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule 1 year ago, which resulted in hemiparesis in his left (nondominant) hand and arm. The only limitation for constraint-induced movement therapy was insufficient finger extension. The patient was unable to voluntarily extend his interphalangeal or metacarpophalangeal joints beyond the 10 degrees required for constraint-induced movement therapy. However, his muscle tension did not change after the BTX type A injection.

Diagnoses:
A 35-year-old male experienced arm paresis after an infarction in the right posterior limb of the internal capsule 1 year before the intervention.

Interventions:
The BTX type A injection did not work, so the patient received Fu's subcutaneous needling as an alternative therapy before 5 h of constraint-induced movement therapy for 12 weekdays.

Outcomes:
All outcome measures (Modified Ashworth Scale, Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Action Research Arm Test, and Motor Activity Log) substantially improved over the 1-year period. Moreover, during the observation period, the patient's muscle tone and arm function did not worsen.

Lessons:
As a result of a reduction in spasticity, a reduction of learned nonuse behaviors, or use-dependent plasticity after the combined therapy, the arm functions include volitional movements, and coordination or speed of movements in the paretic arm have been improved. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of an influence of the passage of time or the Hawthorne effect. The costs of the treatment of stroke may be reduced, if this combined therapy proved useful in future controlled studies.
The relevance of MTHFR C677T, A1298C, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms with response to male infertility in Asians
Authors: Shi Tian-Lu , Wu Yan , Li Yu , Chen Zhen-Feng , Ma Yi-Ni , Zhang Zhe-Tao , Zhang Yong-Huang , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Although published studies have reported the association between MTHFR C677T (rs 1801133), A1298C (rs 1801131), and MTRR A66G (rs1801394) polymorphisms and male infertility in Asian populations, the results are conflicting. In order to accurately evaluate the relevance, a meta-analysis was performed.
We searched for potential studies in 4 databases, containing PubMed, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang database until May 31, 2018. The summarized odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the relevance in 5 genetic models. The heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias test was performed by Review Manager 5.3 software.
Overall, 22 case–control studies with 5049 cases and 4157 controls were included in this meta-analysis, which contained 20 studies of MTHFR C677T polymorphism, 12 studies of MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and 4 studies of MTRR A66G polymorphism. The results indicated that MTHFR C677T, A1298C, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms were significantly associated with male infertility in Asian populations (Dominant model: MTHFR CC + CT vs TT: OR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.53, 0.67), P <.00001; MTHFR AA + AC vs CC: OR = 0.62, 95% CI (0.49, 0.79), P = .0001; MTRR AA + AG vs GG: OR = 0.60, 95% CI (0.45, 0.81), P = .001. Recessive model: MTHFR CC vs CT + TT: OR = 0.67, 95% CI (0.61, 0.74), P <.00001; MTHFR AA vs AC + CC: OR = 0.79, 95% CI (0.70, 0.88), P <.0001; MTRR AA vs AG + GG: OR = 0.70, 95% CI (0.56, 0.88), P = .002. Heterozygote model: MTHFR CC vs CT: OR = 0.74, 95% CI (0.67, 0.82), P <.00001; MTHFR AA vs AC: OR = 0.83, 95% CI (0.73, 0.93), P = .002; MTRR AA vs AG: OR = 0.76, 95% CI (0.60, 0.92), P = .02. Homozygote model: MTHFR CC vs TT: OR = 0.48, 95% CI (0.41, 0.56), P <.00001; MTHFR AA vs CC: OR = 0.61, 95% CI (0.39, 0.93), P = .02; MTRR AA vs GG: OR = 0.51, 95% CI (0.36, 0.72), P = .0001. Allele model: MTHFR C vs T: OR = 0.70, 95% CI (0.66, 0.75), P <.00001; MTHFR A vsC: OR = 0.82, 95% CI (0.71, 0.95), P = .01; MTRR A vs G: OR = 0.76, 95% CI (0.66, 0.88), P = .00003). Stratified analyses by geographical location and source of controls showed the same results. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the final consequences of this meta-analysis were stable, and the publication biases test had not found obvious asymmetry.
This meta-analysis indicates that MTHFR C677T, A1298C, and MTRR A66G polymorphisms are the risk factors with susceptibility to male infertility in Asians.
Vonoprazan versus proton pump inhibitors in treating post-endoscopic submucosal dissection ulcers and preventing bleeding
Authors: Martin  , Zhou Yi , Meng Chun-Xu , Takagi Tatsuya , Tian Yu-Shi 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background:
Vonoprazan is a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB). It is often used in Japan for Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) eradication, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) ulcers and bleeding. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether vonoprazan has better therapeutic effect on ESD-induced ulcers and bleeding than proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) at different length of treatment periods (2, 4, and 8 weeks).

Methods:
This meta-analysis will include both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies discussing the effectiveness of vonoprazan and PPIs on ESD-induced ulcers and bleeding. Information of studies will be collected from PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar. Studies will be selected according to the eligibility criteria and data will be extracted by 2 people and compared with each other to keep in consistency. Cochrane risk of bias tool will be used to assess RCTs and the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale will be used to assess the observational studies. Meta-analysis based on the random-effects model will be conducted to compare the differences of ulcers’ shrinkage ratios (%) and the odds ratios (OR) of scars’ stages and delayed bleeding. Publication bias will be evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Heterogeneity will be assessed with the I

2
statistics. Sensitivity analysis will be conducted on follow-up periods. The evidential quality of the findings will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) profiler.

Discussion:
The findings of the present systematic review will be critical for physicians, patients, and policymakers regarding the use of vonoprazan in ESD-induced ulcers.

Study registration:
PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018116855.
Oral glutamine supplements reduce concurrent chemoradiotherapy-induced esophagitis in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chang Shih-Chieh , Lai Yi-Chun , Hung Jui-Chi , Chang Cheng-Yu 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background:
Complications related to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) such as acute radiation-induced esophagitis (ARIE) may cause significant morbidity and unplanned treatment delays in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We designed a prospective randomized study to assess the impact of glutamine (GLN) supplementation in preventing CCRT-induced toxicities of advanced NSCLC patients.

Methods:
From September 2014 to September 2015, 60 patients diagnosed with NSCLC were included to the study. Thirty patients (50%) received prophylactic powdered GLN orally at a dose of 10 g/8 h. The prescribed radiation dose to the planning target volume was 30 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. The endpoints were radiation-induced esophagitis, mucositis, body weight loss, overall survival and progression-free survival.

Results:
The 60 patients with NSCLC included 42 men and 18 women with a mean age ± standard deviation of 60.3 years ± 18.2 (range, 44–78 years).
At a median follow-up of 26.4 months (range 10.4–32.2), all patients tolerated GLN well. A administration of GLN was associated with a decrease in the incidence of grade 2 or 3 ARIE (6.7% vs 53.4% for Gln+ vs Gln-; P = .004). GLN supplementation appeared to significantly delay ARIE onset for 5.8 days (18.2 days vs 12.4 days; P = .027) and reduced incidence of weight loss (20% vs 73.3%; P = .01).

Discussion:
Our study suggests a beneficial effect of oral glutamine supplementation for the prevention from radiation-induced injury and body weight loss in advanced NSCLC patients who receiving CCRT.