bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hot isostatic pressing of ball milled novel grade high entropy alloys at different sintering time and the investigation of their mechanical and corrosion resistance properties
Authors: Rajendrachari Shashanka , Altas Emre , Salunkhe Sachin , Dag Ilker Emin , Avar Baris , Chaira Debasis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the discovery of high entropy alloys, new materials with superior properties have emerged. According to recent research, high-entropy alloys’ multi-component structure and mixing entropy have made them more prominent than other alloys. Because of their excellent chemical and mechanical properties—such as high hardness, high-temperature resistance, high wear resistance, chemical stability, and high corrosion resistance—high entropy alloys outperform other material types in various applications. A new grade of mechanically alloyed high entropy alloy (HEA) of composition 23Fe-21Cr-18Ni-20Ti-18Mn was consolidated by a hot isostatic pressing (HIP) at a temperature of 1000 °C, at different sintering time of 30, 60, and 90 min respectively. We have investigated the impact of sintering time on the microstructure, mechanical, corrosion, and wear-resistance properties. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of the 30 min HIPed HEA sample showed dominant s-FeCr phases and traces of γ-Fe, and the Ni-Ti phases. Whereas, the 90 min HIPed HEA samples showed more dominant Ni-Ti and traces of γ-Fe, and β-Mn phases. There is a phase transformation from BCC to HCP of consolidated HEA at increased holding time. The density of the samples increases from 5.882 to 6.327 g cm−3 and the porosity percentage decreases from 12.93 to 6.35% with the increase in the holding time. The Vickers microhardness value for 30, 60, and 90 min HIPed 23Fe-21Cr-18Ni-20Ti-18Mn HEA at 1000 °C was found to be 433, 513, and 793 HV respectively at an indentation load of 0.1 kgf. The consolidated HEA sample undergoes an abrasive and oxidative wear mechanism with ploughing and plastic deformation modes. The morphology of the wear debris was investigated using SEM. The 90 min sintered sample showed an excellent corrosion resistance due to the high rate of material densification and minimum surface flaws.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of yttrium-doped cerium oxide nano-composite against wound pathogen
Authors: Saha Anisha , Devanand Venkatasubbu G , Sheik Mohideen Sahabudeen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nanocomposite materials have attracted considerable interest in several disciplines owing to their distinctive characteristics and possible uses. The primary objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize a nanocomposite material consisting of cerium that has been doped with yttrium. The shape, structure, and properties of the synthesized nanocomposite was characterized using various characterization techniques including ultraviolet spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential measurements, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite was assessed against a range of pathogenic bacteria including Gram-positive bacteria - Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Gram-negative bacteria- Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa using standard microbiological techniques. The results indicate that the nanocomposite possesses strong antibacterial properties against a wide range of microorganisms, showcasing its potential as a highly effective antimicrobial agent for diverse applications in the biological, environmental, and industrial fields. Hemolysis is the process of red blood cell destruction, resulting in the release of hemoglobin into the surrounding fluid. In this study, 0.7:0.3M nanocomposite had showed effective biocompatibility with less than 5%. Furthermore, this particular composite remained identical in different time intervals, while other composites would normally fluctuate. Research has shown that meticulous material design and surface modification can reduce the harmful effects on red blood cells, hence improving the safety of nanocomposite for therapeutic purposes. In summary, this study offers valuable information on the creation, analysis, and assessment of nanocomposite materials with antimicrobial properties.
Writing Mad Lives in the Age of the Asylum
Authors: Rembis Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Using the writing of former asylum inmates, as well as other sources, Writing Mad Lives in the Age of the Asylum reveals a history of madness and the asylum that has remained hidden by a focus on doctors, diagnoses, and other interventions into mad people’s lives. Although those details are present in this story, its focus is the hundreds of inmates who spoke out or published pamphlets, memorials, memoirs, and articles about their experiences. They recalled physical beatings and prolonged restraint and isolation. They described what it felt like to be gawked at like animals by visitors and the hardships they faced re-entering the community. They also spoke about the friendships forged among asylum inmates, many of which persisted after mad people left the asylum. Many inmates argued that asylums were more akin to prisons than medical facilities and testified before state legislatures and the US Congress, lobbying for reforms to what became popularly known as “lunacy laws.” Writing Mad Lives in the Age of the Asylum exposes the centrality of changing and conflicting relations of care in producing wider ideological and systemic shifts in the history of madness – a process in which the individual and collective efforts of ordinary people shaped structures and cultures much larger than themselves.
Epilogue
Authors: Rembis Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The epilogue contemplates the importance of using a critical analysis of storytelling in the history of madness and asylums and in more recent efforts to challenge the growing global dominance of biopsychiatric definitions of and treatments for mental troubles and distress. It argues that storytelling is vital to the human experience and that a critical analysis of storytelling is an underutilized methodology in the history of madness and mad people. Mad people have, for centuries, used stories to make sense of their experiences, to talk back to an expanding scientific medical establishment, and to gain allies in their fight for social and political change. Physicians, on the other hand, have also used stories to bolster a particular—although historically contingent and changing—medicalized understanding of madness and its treatment. When historians and other scholars critically engage with stories and storytelling in the history of madness, they can move toward a more inclusive and socially just rendering of this essential yet often stigmatized and misrepresented aspect of the human experience.
IPFMC: an iterative pathway fusion approach for enhanced multi-omics clustering in cancer research
Authors: Zhang Haoyang , Liu Sha , Li Bingxin , Zhou Xionghui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Using multi-omics data for clustering (cancer subtyping) is crucial for precision medicine research. Despite numerous methods having been proposed, current approaches either do not perform satisfactorily or lack biological interpretability, limiting the practical application of these methods. Based on the biological hypothesis that patients with the same subtype may exhibit similar dysregulated pathways, we developed an Iterative Pathway Fusion approach for enhanced Multi-omics Clustering (IPFMC), a novel multi-omics clustering method involving two data fusion stages. In the first stage, omics data are partitioned at each layer using pathway information, with crucial pathways iteratively selected to represent samples. Ultimately, the representation information from multiple pathways is integrated. In the second stage, similarity network fusion was applied to integrate the representation information from multiple omics. Comparative experiments with nine cancer datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), involving systematic comparisons with 10 representative methods, reveal that IPFMC outperforms these methods. Additionally, the biological pathways and genes identified by our approach hold biological significance, affirming not only its excellent clustering performance but also its biological interpretability.
A network analysis of affective and motivational individual differences and error monitoring in a non-clinical sample
Authors: Grabowska Anna , Sondej Filip , Senderecka Magdalena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Error monitoring, which plays a crucial role in shaping adaptive behavior, is influenced by a complex interplay of affective and motivational factors. Understanding these associations often proves challenging due to the intricate nature of these variables. With the aim of addressing previous inconsistencies and methodological gaps, in this study, we utilized network analysis to investigate the relationship between affective and motivational individual differences and error monitoring. We employed six Gaussian Graphical Models on a non-clinical population ($N$ = 236) to examine the conditional dependence between the amplitude of response-related potentials (error-related negativity; correct-related negativity) and 29 self-report measures related to anxiety, depression, obsessive thoughts, compulsive behavior, and motivation while adjusting for covariates: age, handedness, and latency of error-related negativity and correct-related negativity. We then validated our results on an independent sample of 107 participants. Our findings revealed unique associations between error-related negativity amplitudes and specific traits. Notably, more pronounced error-related negativity amplitudes were associated with increased rumination and obsessing, and decreased reward sensitivity. Importantly, in our non-clinical sample, error-related negativity was not directly associated with trait anxiety. These results underscore the nuanced effects of affective and motivational traits on error processing in healthy population.
Head to head comparison of left atrial and ventricular strain at rest in prediction of exercise induced elevated left ventricular filling pressure
Authors: Takagi T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Both left atrial (LA) and ventricular (LV) strain at rest have been reported as predictors of exercise induced elevated LV filling pressure. However, head to head comparison of LA and LV strain is very limited. The purpose of this study was to compare peak atrial longitudinal stain (PALS) and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) in prediction of exercise induced elevated LV filling pressure.

Methods
From January 2018 to December 2022, 286 consecutive patients underwent treadmill stress echocardiography. Patients with atrial fibrillation, E/e’ ≥ 15 at rest, and LV ejection fraction &lt; 50% were excluded from the study, and 217 patients were recruited. All patients underwent routine echocardiography including PALS and GLS measurements. Exercise induced elevated LV filling pressure was defined as post-exercise septal E/e’ ≥ 15.

Results
Both PALS and GLS were obtained in 212 patients, and 50 patients had post-exercise E/e’ ≥ 15. Receiver oriented curve analysis revealed best cutoff value of 23.9% for PALS (sensitivity 68%, specificity 67%, respectively) and -17.7% for GLS (sensitivity 84%, specificity 65%, respectively) in prediction of post-exercise E/e' ≥15. Univariate logistic analysis demonstrated that impaired PALS, impaired GLS and raised E/e’ at rest were associated with post-exercise E/e’ ≥ 15. However, multivariate logistic analysis revealed that GLS and E/e’ were independent predictors of post-exercise E/e’ ≥ 15, but PALS was not.

Conclusions
Both impaired PALS and GLS at rest can predict post-exercise E/e’ ≥ 15.0. However, multivariate logistic analysis has demonstrated that impaired GLS, not PALS was independent predictor of exercise induced elevated LV filling pressure.
Left atrial longitudinal strain behavior in patients with cryptogenic stroke - a case control study
Authors: Bigdelu L , Maadarani O , Baghestani Z , Jafari O , Bitar Z 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
A significant percentage of ischemic strokes classified as cryptogenic stroke (CS) where the definition is varied according to the type of classification used. Left atrial (LA) function has a role in determining the possible cardio-embolic source of stroke. Using speckle tracking transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) we can detect the early changes in left atrial function by measuring left atrial longitudinal strain (LALS).

Aim
To evaluate the left atrial stain in patients with a cryptogenic stroke as compared to a healthy papulation.

Method and results
We recruited 50 cryptogenic ischemic stroke patients with mean age of 44.7 years and 50 % were male who treated consecutively as for first CS, and 50 age-and sex-matched healthy stroke-free controls. Using Speckle tracking TTE analysis we measured the global , passive and active longitudinal LA strain corresponding to the reservoir (LASRES), conduit(LASCD), and contractile function(LASCT),respectively in addition to standard other LA parameters and filling pressure parameters of Left ventricle(LV) in both group. Data were compared using t-test and Mann-Whitney test. Cryptogenic stroke patients as compared with controls had significantly reduced value of all components of LALS [Mean value of LASRES, LASCD and LASCT in CS group versus control group were 25.15±6.79 versus 43.95±4.62 (P-value &lt;0.01), 14.41±3.53 versus 25.68±3.30 (P- value &lt;0.01), 10.73±3.35 versus 18.28±1.60 (P-value &lt;0.01) respectively] (Figure 1 and Figure 2). There were no significant differences in means of LA area and LA volume index in both groups (P value &gt;0.05). Between parameters of LV filling pressures, it was noticed that early diastolic transmitral flow velocity (E) and early diastolic velocity at annulus (E’) were statistically lower in CS patients as compared to control group (P-value &lt;0.01). In addition, the Cluster and Discriminant analysis used confirmed that LASRES, LASCD and LASCT were significantly lower in value in cryptogenic stroke patients in comparison to Control group which can be used to detect early LA dysfunction.

Conclusion
LA longitudinal strain in all components were significantly impaired in patients with CS. Measuring LALS parameters can be useful in determining early LA dysfunction in cryptogenic stroke patients.Figure 1-left atrial strain components.Figure 2 -left atrial strain component.
Diagnostic value of aortic valve displacement by tissue tracking for identification of aortic valve stenosis severity
Authors: Jasinska A , Zakrzewski D , Hryniewiecki T , Stoklosa P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The assessment of aortic stenosis (AS) severity on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) may be challenging, especially in normal flow, low gradient (NF LG) group with preserved ejection fraction (EF), where reclassification of AS severity after initial TTE was observed in 52% pts (1). Calcifications and fibrosis of valve leaflets result in increased stiffness and impaired mobility, which can be quantified by tissue tracking (TT). TT is an echocardiographic modality that displays longitudinal displacement of selected area by integrating tissue velocity over time.

Purpose
Assessment of the diagnostic value of aortic valve displacement (AVD) by TT as a test that may increase accuracy of AS severity diagnosis in TTE.

Methods
205 pts (aged 71±10 yrs, men 43%) without more than mild aortic regurgitation, mitral or tricuspid valve disease, EF ≤55%, indexed stroke volume (SVI) ≤35 ml/m2, cardiac rhythm disturbances and poor acoustic window were selected out of 842 pts screened for AS in our institution between 2020 and 2023. Based on aortic valve area (AVA) value, moderate (n=51, AVA &gt;1.0 cm2) or severe (n=154, AVA ≤1.0 cm2) AS was diagnosed. In severe AS group, 45 pts were classified as NF LG AS (mean gradient &lt;40 mmHg). Additionally 30 pts (aged 68±10 yrs, men 46%) without abnormalities on TTE entered control group. During TTE in five- and three-chamber views, TT was applied and region of interest was adjusted to cover whole aortic valve (AV) during cardiac cycle.
Single loop was analysed with Q-analysis software. The measurement in millimetres (mm) of positive wave representing displacement of AV was performed in both views by two independent echocardiographers (Figure 1). AVD was calculated by summing up results from both views. Receiver-operating characteristic curves for AVD in the whole study group and NF LG AS to diagnose severe AS were plotted.

Results
AVD was already significantly decreased in moderate AS compared with age- and sex-matched healthy controls, being 22.8±2.8 mm and 24.3±2.1 mm respectively (P=0.01). In pts with severe AS, AVD was further significantly reduced compared to moderate AS pts, being 19.3±3.2 mm (P&lt;0.0001). In the whole study group, AVD with a cut-off point &lt;19.6 mm provided 55.8% sensitivity but 96.1 % specificity to diagnose severe AS (Figure 2B). In pts with NF LG AS, AVD with a cut-off point &lt;20.6 mm provided 71.4% sensitivity and a specificity of 79.6% (Figure 2A). Intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.87; 95% CI (0.84–0.89) indicated good interobserver reproducibility of AVD measurement.

Conclusions
Aortic valve displacement by tissue tracking in TTE is a valuable, new echocardiographic tool for identification of AS severity and may improve diagnostic accuracy of AS severity in NF LG AS.Figure 1Figure 2
Right ventricular myocardial work: a step forward for the assessment of right ventricular to pulmonary artery coupling
Authors: Sforna S , Fortuni F , Biagioli P , Maltempi M , Di Pietro I , Mascelloni M , Fedeli F , Ambrosio G , Carluccio E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Right ventricular myocardial work (RVMW) is a novel method for non-invasive assessment of right ventricular (RV) function. By integrating RV global longitudinal strain as systolic function parameter, pulmonary systolic and diastolic pressures as afterload indices, and pulmonary and tricuspid valves timings, RVMW could provide a more comprehensive evaluation of RV function.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess patterns of RVMW indices in patients with preserved and impaired RV to pulmonary artery (PA) coupling (RVAC), as assessed by RV free wall longitudinal strain/pulmonary artery systolic pressure (RVFWLS/PASP) ratio.

Methods
We studied by echocardiography 158 consecutive patients with stable HF and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (LV ejection fraction &lt; 50%). RVAC was assessed by RVFWLS/PASP and patients were grouped according to the median value. Four parameters of RVMW were obtained: RV global work index (RVGWI), RV global constructive work (RVGCW), RV global wasted work (RVGWW) and RV global work efficiency (RVGWE).

Results
According to RVFWLS/PASP ratio, patients were divided into two groups: A) preserved RVAC (RVFWLS/PASP ratio ≥ 0.51; N=84) and B) impaired RVAC (RVFWLS/PASP ratio &lt; 0.51; N= 74). Both RVGWI (371±156 vs 384±207 mmHg%, P=NS) and RVGCW (449±171 vs 516±249 mmHg%, P=NS) did not significantly differ between the two groups (figure 1). However, group B (impaired RVAC) showed significantly greater RV wasted work (94±69 vs 44±30 mmHg%, P=0.0001) and significantly lower RV work efficiency (80±13 vs 88±8 %, P=0.0001) compared to group A (preserved RVAC, figure 2).

Conclusions
RVMW provided new insight in the RV function assessment, highlighting lower efficiency due to higher wasted work in RV to PA uncoupled patients.Figure 1Figure 2
Predictive ability and prognostic correlation of global longitudinal strain in patients with negative dipyridamole stress echocardiography by wall motion criteria
Authors: Mei D A , Moderato L , Lazzeroni D , Binno S , Pastorini G , Magnani G , Gurgoglione F L , Nicolini F , Ardissino D , Niccoli G , Gaibazzi N , Boriani G , Aschieri D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Dipyridamole stress echocardiography (DSE) is an established technique to detect coronary artery disease (CAD) and for risk stratification. Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (STE), as an objective and quantitative evaluation of ventricular function, may add incremental value to conventional stress echo analysis.

Purpose
To assess the prognostic value of rest (Rest-GLS) and peak (Peak-GLS) stress global longitudinal strain (GLS) in patients with suspected CAD and negative DSE according to wall motion index (WMI) criteria.

Methods
We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent DSE at our centre for suspected CAD, with normal WMI. Strain Reserve was calculated as Rest GLS – Peak-GLS (Delta-GLS). We also collected data regarding other conventional parameters such as coronary flow reserve (CFR) of left anterior descending (LAD), left ventricle contractile reserve (LVCR), delta left ventricular ejection fraction (Delta-LVEF), heart rate response (HRR). Our primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death and coronary revascularization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the predictive ability of the parameters. Adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to assess associations, also modelled as a restricted cubic spline.

Results
A total of 355 patients were included in the analysis (median age 68.2, IQR 58.2-75.2, 38.0% female). At follow-up, 58 patients met the primary endpoint. Figure 1 shows the ROC curves of different DSE parameters. Delta-GLS and Peak-GLS showed high predictive ability of composite endpoint events (area under the curve [AUC] 0.87, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.82-0.92, AUC, 0.85, 95% CI 0.79-0.91, respectively), which was significantly higher compared with other DSE parameters, included Basal-GLS (P for difference for all &lt; 0.001).
After adjustments for age, previous CAD, sex, and diabetes, reducing values of Rest-GLS, Peak-GLS and Delta-GLS were significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing composite endpoint events (Basal-GLS, odds ratio [OR] 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.24; Peak-GLS, OR 1.45, 95% CI 1.32-1.63; Delta-GLS, OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.50-2.04). Plotting the results of the logistic regression analysis on a restricted cubic spline, reducing values of Peak-GLS and Delta-GLS showed a linear increase for the risk of adverse events, while Rest-GLS showed a plateau for lower values.

Conclusion
The use of GLS parameters in DSE can help to better stratify the risk for the patients since they are associated with adverse cardiovascular events.Figure 1Figure 2