bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pain Phenotypes in Endometriosis: A Population‐Based Study Using Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Kanti Fleur Serge , Allard Valérie , Métivier Andrée‐Ann , Lemyre Madeleine , Arendas Kristina , Maheux‐Lacroix Sarah 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo identify pain phenotypes in patients with endometriosis and investigate their associations with demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities and pain‐related quality of life (QoL).DesignCross‐sectional, single‐centre, population‐based study.SettingReferral university centre in Quebec City, Canada.PopulationPatients diagnosed with endometriosis were enrolled consecutively between January 2020 and April 2024.MethodsLatent class analysis was used to identify pain phenotypes. A three‐step approach of latent class analysis, involving logistic regression models, was applied to assess the associations between pain phenotypes and demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities and pain‐related QoL.Main Outcome MeasuresPain phenotypes; demographic, clinical and comorbidity predictors of phenotype membership; association between QoL and pain phenotypes.ResultsA total of 352 patients were included. Two pain phenotypes were identified with distinct clinical presentations: one (54% of the participants) with more severe and frequent pain symptoms and poorer QoL and the other (46% of the participants) with mild and less frequent pain symptoms. The high pain phenotype was associated with previous treatment failure, painkiller use, familial history of endometriosis, low annual family income and comorbidities, including painful bladder, fibromyalgia, migraines, lower back pain, irritable bowel syndrome, anxiety and depression or mood disorders. The presence of endometrioma was associated with the low pain phenotype. Phenotype membership was associated with distinct QoL profiles (p < 0.001). The mean QoL score was higher in the high pain phenotype (59; 95% CI, 56–62) than in the low pain phenotype (33; 95% CI, 29–37).ConclusionPatients with endometriosis can be categorised into two distinct phenotypes that correlate with QoL and patient characteristics. Validation in other populations is necessary and could aid the development of specialised or personalised interventions.
Report of forensically relevant insects collected from pig and rabbit remains during two forensic entomology workshops in Eastern Massachusetts
Authors: Sawyer Samantha J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractForensic entomology relies on known geographic ranges and seasonal presence of forensically relevant insects. In the Northeastern United States, there is no information on species in the region in early spring. Two forensic entomology workshops took place in April of 2023 and 2024 in Milton, Massachusetts. During this workshop, practitioners were trained in the appropriate collection and storage techniques prior to a practical experience including the collection of insects from pig and rabbit remains. All insects collected were identified down to family or species level. Across both years, Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) was the fly consistently colonizing remains and was the oldest immature larvae in all instances. Calliphora vicina (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and Muscina stabulans (Fallén) (Diptera: Muscidae) were additional flies co‐colonizing remains with P. regina. Other species were found as adults surrounding the remains that included other necrophagous fly species, beetles, and ants. Variation in insects collected between years likely due to high temperature variation. This documentation of species provides context to forensically related flies expected in Eastern Massachusetts and provides research directives in the region.
Review article: Evaluating the effectiveness of arterial pressure point techniques as a first aid method for external haemorrhage control: A systematic review
Authors: Rodgers Zoe Jane , Bejmert Karolina , Chung Tiani , Furness James , Abery Philip , Kemp‐Smith Kevin , Taylor Nicholas , Bruce Kimberley Casey , Snelling Peter James 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe current ANZCOR guidelines for first aid management of life‐threatening bleeding from a limb, where bleeding cannot be controlled with direct pressure, recommends the use of an arterial tourniquet. However, tourniquets required specialised training and equipment, which may not be accessible in all emergencies. This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of arterial pressure point techniques (APPT) as a first aid measure for controlling life‐threatening, non‐compressible bleeding from limbs and anatomical junctions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The search was used in five databases: PubMed, CINAHL, SportDiscuss, Proquest Central and Embase. Eligible studies included adult participants in and out of hospital settings, focusing on extremities and junctional areas. Studies assessing APPT alone or compared with other first aid techniques were included. The review included nine quasi‐experimental articles, with eight having low levels of evidence. Although most reported high success rates (87.5–100%) for APPT achieving blood flow cessation, its effectiveness compared to alternative methods, such as arterial tourniquets, remains inconclusive because of methodological heterogeneity and differing success benchmarks. APPT shows promise in external haemorrhage control. Additional research with higher levels of evidence, standardised protocols and larger sample sizes is needed. Investigation in real‐world scenarios is crucial to compare methods like tourniquets. Future research will determine APPT's effectiveness and its potential role as a bridging technique before tourniquet application or medical assistance.
Postoperative pain management in patients with preexisting opioid dependence—A scoping review protocol
Authors: Svensson Nikoline , Henriksen Magnus Grønbæk , Møller Ann Merete 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundOpioid‐dependent patients with chronic pain conditions present a significant challenge for anesthesiologists when managing acute postsurgical pain. Opioid‐dependent patients can experience tolerance, physical dependence, and hyperalgesia. These patients have an increased risk of poorly managed acute postoperative pain, which can ultimately lead to suffering and potentially an overall increase in length of hospitalization and healthcare cost. However, this is an under‐researched field. This scoping review aims to investigate effective strategies in managing postoperative pain in patients with preexisting opioid dependence.MethodsA scoping review will be conducted on postoperative pain management in patients with preexisting opioid dependence. This review will be prepared according to the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA‐ScR). We will conduct a comprehensive search across multiple databases. Backward citation searching of the final included articles will also be conducted. Data extraction will include trial and participant characteristics, intervention details, and reported outcomes.ResultsIn the final review the results will be presented as a descriptive summary with supplementary tables, figures, and graphs where applicable.ConclusionThe planned scoping review will map out the current evidence about effective strategies to manage postoperative pain in patients with preexisting opioid dependence. We will aim to identify research gaps that can be used as support in the development of further research.
Low sexually transmitted infection (STI) screening and presumptive treatment and high STI positivity among United States females visiting the emergency department after sexual assault
Authors: Tao Guoyu , Patel Chirag G. , Stanford Kimberly A. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment guidelines state that the decision to provide STI/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing and presumptive treatment after sexual assault (SA) should be made on an individual basis to minimize retraumatization of the patient. However, little is known about STI screening, presumptive treatment, and positivity in the emergency department (ED) setting. The objective of this study was to evaluate STI testing rates and positivity, presumptive gonorrhea and chlamydia treatment, pregnancy testing, and emergency contraception offered to SA survivors in the ED in the United States.MethodsThe Premier Healthcare Database, a national administrative data set containing health care information from inpatient and hospital‐based outpatient encounters, was used. Approximately 30% of encounters have available laboratory test results. ED visits for SA (identified by ICD‐10‐CM codes) among female patients aged 15–44 years between 2019 and 2023 were included. For patients presenting multiple times to the ED, only the first ED visit after SA was included.ResultsOf 49,047 total visits where females ages 15–44 years presented to the ED for SA, chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and HIV tests were conducted in 18.6%, 18.6%, 13.4%, and 16.9%, respectively, and pregnancy tests in 33.1% of visits. Presumptive gonorrhea and chlamydia treatment was provided in 53.7% and 52.2%, respectively, and emergency contraception in 27.2% of visits. Approximately 40% of patients were neither tested nor treated for either chlamydia or gonorrhea. Of patients with available laboratory test results, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis positivity rates were 10.0%, 3.8%, and 1.0%, respectively.ConclusionsLow STI testing and treatment rates and high STI positivity identified in this study suggest that an important opportunity exists for improving STI screening and presumptive treatment for female patients presenting to the ED after SA.
Three‐Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of the Metatarsal and Phalangeal Bones in Van Cats
Authors: Yilmaz Osman , Koçyiğit Ali , Kirbaş Doğan Gülseren , Kanik Betül 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to perform three‐dimensional reconstruction of the metatarsal and phalangeal bones using computed tomography, to obtain osteometric data and to determine biometric differences in terms of sexual dimorphism in the obtained measurements in Van cats, an endemic species living in the Van province region of eastern Türkiye and named after this region. Computed tomography images of a total of 16 adult and healthy Van cats, eight females and eight males, were used in the study. Three‐dimensional modelling of the images and osteometric measurements were obtained using MIMICS 20.1 software. When the osteometric data of the bones were analysed, it was observed that all of the morphometric measurements of metatarsal, phalanx media, phalanx distalis and phalanx proximalis bones, except the greatest breadth of the distal end of the phanax proximalis‐III, the greatest breadth of the proximal end of the right phalanx proximalis‐II, left phalanx proximalis‐IV and left phalanx proximalis‐V, were higher in male cats than females. The length order of the metatarsal bones in Van cats was found as IV, III, V and II, respectively. It was determined that there were positive and significant correlations between the osteometric measurement parameters of metatarsal and phalangeal bones with age and body weight. In conclusion, basic morphological images and osteometric data of the metatarsal and phalangeal bones in Van cats were obtained. These findings will be valuable for studying anatomy, aiding veterinary medicine students in clinical practice and contributing to the fields of zooarchaeology and veterinary forensic anthropology.
Morphological Analysis of the Digestive Tract of Cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus)—Oesophagus to Colorectum
Authors: Marques A. L. R. , Oliveira I. J. , Mamgue V. E. , Perin R. L. , Silva L. E. , Gruchouskei L. , Gonçalves G. F. , Romagnolli P. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) are birds present in several countries, commonly kept as pets and, therefore, are frequently encountered as patients in veterinary hospitals. Knowledge of the morphology of the cockatiel's digestive tract is essential for understanding its digestive problems and clinical care. The objective of this study is to describe the digestive tract morphology of these birds. Six cockatiels were dissected and all parts of the digestive tract were measured and processed for histological analysis. The measured data were highly variable for some parts. The oesophagus is divided into a cervical part with the ingluvies (crop) and celomic portion. Mucosal folds and a stratified non‐cornified epithelium in the oesophagus and ingluvies were observed. No oesophageal glands were observed in the cervical portion and ingluvies, however, in the celomic portion submucosal glands were abundant. The cockatiel's stomach is subdivided into a glandular and a muscular part. The glandular stomach has a simple columnar epithelium with PAS+ cells and gastric glands. The muscular stomach exhibits a gastric cuticle, and simple columnar epithelium with branched tubular glands, and its muscular layers are organised in inner circular and outer longitudinal bundles. The intestine of cockatiels is subdivided in the small intestine with duodenum, jejunum, ileum and the short large intestine is represented by the colorectum. The Tunica mucosa of the small intestine forms villi lined with simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. Simple tubular glands extend into the lamina propria mucosae. The wall of the large intestine contains simple tubular glands and a circular and thin layer of smooth muscles. Despite the absence of lymph nodes, there are numerous lymphocytes in the lamina propria. The digestive tract and histological characteristics observed are consistent with other avian species, however, well‐defined species‐specific particularities were observed.
The politics of climate denialism and the secondary denialism of economics
Authors: Cobb Clifford William 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrimary climate‐change denialism rejects the idea that global warming is driven by human activity. This belief system now appeals to about one‐third of Americans. Having been influenced by a 1990s Exxon campaign to sow doubt that fossil fuels are responsible for global warming, Republicans are more likely than Democrats to be primary climate‐change deniers. But polls show that many US climate‐change accepters do not take it seriously enough to pay a nominal sum to prevent continued warming. This secondary denialism (accept the science, deny the urgency of action) may stem from the economic analysis of climate change. Discounting future damage and believing that economic growth will compensate for damage are two standard features of economic theory that justify treating climate issues with a degree of apathy—or at least as low priority. The work of Nobel‐Prize‐winning economist William Nordhaus provides almost as much cause for indifference among accepters as the climate denialists offer their followers. Scientists may view climate change with alarm, but policy‐makers mostly take their cues from economists. Nordhaus stated in a popular book in 2008 that his model demonstrates that 3.45°C warming is economically optimal. Not just tolerable, but optimal. His work is highly influential. Even though some economists have objected to the methods of economic analysis that understate the perils of climate change, their voices have had little influence on policy. Thus, seeming partisan differences about climate change have converged around go‐slow polices that manage climate issues as technical problems and that do not impose significant demands upon citizens or disrupt present economic arrangements.
Is there a minimum percentage of sarcomatoid component required to affect outcomes of localised renal cell carcinoma?
Authors: Soytas Mustafa , Dragomir Alice , Sawaya Ghady Bou‐Nehme , Hesswani Charles , Tanguay Maude , Finelli Antonio , Wood Lori , Rendon Ricardo , Bansal Rahul , Lalani Aly‐Khan , Heng Daniel Y. C. , Bhindi Bimal , Basappa Naveen S. , Dean Lucas , So Alan , Nayak Jasmir G. , Bjarnason Georg , Breau Rodney , Lavallee Luke , Lattouf Jean‐Baptiste , Pouliot Frederic , Bonert Michael , Tanguay Simon 
Published: December 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the outcomes of patients with localised renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with and without sarcomatoid features and the impact of this on cancer recurrence and survival.Material and MethodsThe Canadian Kidney Cancer information system database was used to identify patients diagnosed with localised RCC between January 2011 and December 2022. Patients with pT1‐T3, n Nx‐N0N1, M0 stage and documented sarcomatoid status were included. Patients with sarcomatoid RCC were categorised according to the sarcomatoid component percentage (%Sarc). Inverse probability of treatment weighting scores were used to balance the groups. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the impact of sarcomatoid status and %Sarc on recurrence‐free and overall survival.ResultsA total of 6660 patients (201 with and 6459 without sarcomatoid features) with non‐metastatic RCC were included. %Sarc data were available in 155 patients, and the median value was 10%. The weighted analysis revealed that the presence of sarcomatoid features was associated with an increased risk of developing metastasis and increased risk of mortality compared to absence of sarcomatoid features. A %Sarc value >10 was associated with an increased risk of developing metastasis and of mortality compared to a %Sarc value ≤10.ConclusionsPatients with a %Sarc >10 have an increased risk of recurrence and mortality. These patients may benefit from a more stringent follow‐up and %Sarc could represent an important criterion in the risk assessment for adjuvant therapy.
Genetic polymorphisms influencing antihypertensive drug responses
Authors: El Cheikh Jana , Hamed Fouad , Rifi Hana , Dakroub Ali H. , Eid Ali Hussein 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHypertension is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease and its associated morbidity and mortality. The low efficacy observed with some anti‐hypertensive therapies has been attributed partly to inter‐individual genetic variability. This paper reviews the major findings regarding these genetic variabilities that modulate responses to anti‐hypertensive therapies such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), diuretics, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and β‐adrenoceptor blockers. The importance of studying these genetic polymorphisms stems from the goal to optimise anti‐hypertensive therapy for each individual patient, aiming for the highest efficacy and lowest risk of adverse effects. It is important to recognise that environmental and epigenetic factors can contribute to the observed variations in drug responses. Owing to the multigenic and multifactorial nature of drug responses, further research is crucial for translating these findings into clinical practice and the establishment of reliable recommendations.
ABC Grow Healthy Practices and Obesity‐Related Health Behaviours in Family Child Care Homes in South Carolina
Authors: Bucko Agnes G. , McIver Kerry L. , Zaltz Daniel A. , Liu Tiange , Neelon Brian , Benjamin‐Neelon Sara E. , Pate Russell R. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMany states throughout the United States have introduced Quality Rating and Improvement Systems (QRIS) to address childhood obesity in preschool‐age children, but few have examined the impact of these standards in Family Child Care Homes (FCCHs). In South Carolina, the ABC Grow Healthy Practices are specific QRIS items that include diet, physical activity and sleep practices.MethodsThe purposes of this cross‐sectional study are to (1) describe physical activity levels, sleep duration and diet quality of children attending FCCHs in South Carolina and (2) compare physical activity levels, sleep duration and diet quality between children attending FCCHs that were enrolled versus not enrolled in the ABC programme. Means and percentages were used to summarize child‐ and parent‐level descriptive characteristics, physical activity levels, diet quality and sleep behaviours overall and by sex, race/ethnicity and ABC participation. t tests and chi‐square analyses were used to compare child‐ and parent‐level demographic characteristics as well as child‐level behaviours by ABC status.ResultsResults revealed low physical activity levels (11.2 ± 4.1 min/h of total physical activity and 5.5 ± 2.6 min/h of moderate and vigorous physical activity) and poor diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 56.0 ± 10.3) in all children. There were statistically significant differences in fat and protein consumption between ABC and non‐ABC FCCHs, as well as differences in demographic characteristics.ConclusionFuture research is recommended to assess whether strengthening guidelines and improving implementation of obesity prevention standards will improve physical activity levels and diets of children attending FCCHs.
‘Who Listens to the Listener, Who Cares for the Carer?’ A Cross‐Sectional Study of Social Connectedness and Sleep Experiences of Young Siblings of Neurodivergent People
Authors: Pavlopoulou G. , Sim E. , Peter S. , Gardani M. , Beevers V. , Kassa C. , Sideropoulos V. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundA growing body of research postlockdown has established that loneliness and sleep problems are prominent in the life of all people and in particular in neurodivergent people and their parents/carers. The present study explores the experience of loneliness and sleep in siblings of neurodivergent young people.MethodsThirty‐eight (n = 38) young siblings (Mage = 16.41, 68.4% female) completed an online survey on sleep, loneliness and daytime functioning, answering a set of qualitative questions.ResultsThematic analysis revealed that their sleep was affected by personal anxieties and neurodivergent siblings' parasomnias. Definition of loneliness included perceived lack of understanding and empathy in wider society, assuming a lonesome responsibility, growing up faster than peers and an emptiness within and without. Siblings provided brief contributions on how schools and the wider society can help them. Limitations include small sample size and an uneven representation of gender and disability groups in the sample. Recommendations for school and societal support are also discussed.ConclusionThis preliminary exploration helped define their caring responsibilities, social connectedness and sleep needs. Our findings call for a holistic and personalised approach to healthcare, including social and psychological support, for the whole family including neurodivergent and neurotypical siblings.