bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis patients infected with genotype 2a in Japan
Authors: Atsukawa Masanori , Tsubota Akihito , Toyoda Hidenori , Takaguchi Koichi , Nakamuta Makoto , Watanabe Tsunamasa , Tada Toshifumi , Tsutsui Akemi , Ikeda Hiroki , Abe Hiroshi , Kato Keizo , Uojima Haruki , Ikegami Tadashi , Asano Toru , Kondo Chisa , Koeda Mai , Okubo Tomomi , Arai Taeang , Iwashita‐Nakagawa Ai , Itokawa Norio , Kumada Takashi , Iwakiri Katsuhiko 
Published: November 2018

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of community‐based ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus ribavirin therapy for non‐cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2a infection in a real‐world setting.MethodsPatients with HCV genotype 2a infection were enrolled in this study and received the therapy for 16 weeks at 11 specialized centers in Japan between October 2016 and July 2017. Among the 98 patients participating in the study, four patients were excluded because of the presence of cirrhosis and/or genotype 2b infection. The remaining 94 patients were subjected to the analysis.ResultsThe patients consisted of 38 women and 56 men, with a median age of 63 years. The rate of sustained virologic response (SVR) was 97.9%. The SVR rates were similar between patients with and without ribavirin dose reduction (96.0% vs. 98.6%, respectively). Of the two patients in whom treatment failed, one patient completed the treatment but relapsed at 4 weeks post‐treatment, whereas the other did not show virologic response and therefore discontinued treatment at week 9. At baseline, both patients had non‐structural protein (NS)5A resistance‐associated substitution (RAS) L31M but no NS3 RAS. At the time of relapse, the patient had NS5A RAS F28S. At the premature treatment discontinuation, the non‐responder had NS3 RAS D168V and NS5A RAS T24S. Ribavirin‐induced anemia was the most frequent adverse event.ConclusionCommunity‐based, 16‐week, ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir plus ribavirin therapy was highly efficacious and safe in non‐cirrhotic patients with HCV genotype 2a infection in a real‐world setting.
Differences in plantar pressure by REBA scores in dental hygienists
Authors: Kim Jiyen , Park Bo‐young , Mun So‐Jung , Shim Jemyung , Choi Eun‐Sil , Noh Hiejin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to analyse the effects of working posture, physical balance and work accumulation on shifts in plantar pressure in dental hygienists, by measuring REBA, which evaluates working posture, and plantar pressure, which evaluates physical balance.MethodsThis study was conducted on 24 dental hygienists currently working in dental clinics. The ergonomic assessment method of the Rapid Entire Body Assessment was used to evaluate working posture in the dental hygienists, and a Gait Analyzer was used to measure plantar pressure.ResultsThe subjects’ mean REBA score was 4.96 ± 1.04 points, and 87.5% of the subjects showed poor working posture, with a REBA score of at least four points. Among subjects with a REBA score of four points or more, seven of the eight parts of the sole of the foot showed significant differences in plantar pressure between the right and left feet (P < 0.05). When we examined changes in plantar pressure over a week, pressure increased on the left side, and in particular, for subjects with a REBA score of four points or higher, pressure increased in the left foot and in the anterior right foot.ConclusionsMost of the dental hygienists in this study showed poor posture during working. Subjects with poor posture at a level requiring intervention showed differences in plantar pressure between the right and left feet. Inappropriate posture can cause musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, it will be necessary to prepare internal and external measures to maintain proper working posture in dental hygienists, including education, exercise, improvement of the working environment and improvement of ergonomic equipment and devices.
Australian migrants’ social cultural adaptation and consumption behaviour towards food and alcohol
Authors: Arli Denni , Kim Jeawon , Rundle‐Thiele Sharyn , Tkaczynski Aaron 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAustralia is one of the most successful multicultural countries in the world due to successive waves of migration from Europe and recently Asia. Nonetheless, new migrants coming to Australia are not always able to adapt to Australian culture due to language and cultural barriers. Hence, the purpose of this study is to segment migrants based on their cultural adaptation and subsequently to examine similarities and differences between those segments in regards to their health‐related behaviour (i.e., alcohol and food consumption). A cross‐sectional study of migrants in Australia (N = 408) suggests that migrants from Asia have the greatest difficulty in adapting to the local culture due to language barriers. This study will assist public policy makers and social marketers in creating effective campaigns and interventions to reduce excessive alcohol consumption and obesity among migrants.
Religiosity and Environmentally Concerned Consumer Behaviour: ‘becoming one with God (nature)’ through Surrendering Environmental Identities
Authors: Roshani Perera Chamila , Rathnasiri Hewege Chandana 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis study explores how transcendence of identity, a common doctrinal ethical tenet of religiosity, relates to nature concerns amongst consumers. It employs an interpretive research approach to gain an in‐depth understanding of subjective experiences and nature concerns shared amongst environmentally concerned consumers with a view to investigating how they are informed by transcendence of identity. With the aid of projective technique, in‐depth interviews were conducted involving 22 environmentally concerned consumers located in a major Australian city. Two themes emerged from the data: (1) complete surrender (diminishing distinction between humans and nature); (2) deconstructing environmentally concerned consumer identity (transforming from end‐user identity projects into contributor‐to‐nature identity projects). It is therefore postulated that nature concerns of consumers can be understood through the common doctrinal ethical tenet of theistic and nontheistic beliefs, transcendence of identity. The findings show several implications for environmentally concerned consumer behaviour and market practices.
Buying behaviour and symbolic consumption of food and alcoholic beverages among people with religious affiliations in Bogota, Colombia
Authors: Garay‐Quintero Leonardo , Robayo‐Pinzon Oscar , Rojas‐Berrio Sandra 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to describe the buying behaviour of people with religious affiliations from the perspective of the symbolic consumption of food products and alcoholic beverages in Bogota. A qualitative methodology, with a non‐experimental and cross‐sectional design was applied. The technique used is an in‐depth interview with a “snowball” sampling technique. Participants, ranging from 20 to 30 years of age, were identified by the criteria from youth groups with a defined and internalized religious affiliation in their everyday lives. The findings include the description of a buying behaviour with significant restrictions, conditioned by the individuals’ religious affiliation or beliefs. Some habits, such as fasting and the importance of health and image regarding both food and alcoholic beverages, are listed as well as the type of symbolic consumption with religious community leaders teaching and recommending customs that are consistent with their doctrine.
Perioperative outcomes and risk assessment in dialysis patients: current knowledge and future directions
Authors: Palamuthusingam Dharmenaan , Johnson David W. , Hawley Carmel M. , Pascoe Elaine , Sivalingam Pal , Fahim Magid 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPerioperative medicine is rapidly emerging as a key discipline to address the specific needs of high‐risk surgical groups, such as those on chronic dialysis. Crude hospital separation rates for chronic dialysis patients are considerably higher than patients with normal renal function, with up to 15% of admission being related to surgical intervention. Dialysis dependency carries substantial mortality and morbidity risk compared to patients with normal renal function. This group of patients has a high comorbid burden and complex medical need, making accurate perioperative planning essential. Existing perioperative risk assessment tools are unvalidated in chronic dialysis patients. Furthermore, they fail to incorporate important dialysis treatment‐related characteristics that could potentially influence perioperative outcomes. There is a dearth of information on perioperative outcomes of Australasian dialysis patients. Current perioperative outcome estimates stem predominantly from North American literature; however, the generalisability of these findings is limited, as the survival of North American dialysis patients is significantly inferior to their Australasian counterparts and potentially confounds reported perioperative outcomes; let alone regional variation in surgical indication and technique. We propose that data linkage between high‐quality national registries will provide more complete data with more detailed patient and procedural information to allow for more informative analyses to develop and validate dialysis‐specific risk assessment tools.
Death Rates and Modern Life Expectancy
Authors: Bland Martin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Jacqueline Speel writes: Many years ago, I read an article about an unexpected dip in deaths in New Zealand, which was worked out to be the effect of deaths having already occurred in World War I. Would the recently stated change in death rates in the UK have some similar relationship to World War II?
Death rates and modern life expectancy.
Research Review: Internalising symptoms in developmental coordination disorder: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Omer Serif , Jijon Ana M. , Leonard Hayley C. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD) affects 5%–6% of children. There is growing evidence that DCD is associated with greater levels of internalising symptoms (i.e. depression and anxiety). This is the first systematic review and meta‐analysis to explore the magnitude of this effect, the quality of the evidence and potential moderators.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify studies reporting a comparison between individuals with DCD/probable DCD and typically developing (TD) individuals on measures of internalising symptoms. A pooled effect size (Hedges g) was calculated using random‐effects meta‐analysis. Study quality, publication bias and potential moderators of the effect were explored.ResultsTwenty studies, including a total of 23 subsamples, met the inclusion criteria, of which 22 subsamples were included in the meta‐analysis (DCD: n = 1123; TD: n = 7346). A significant, moderate effect of DCD on internalising symptoms was found (g = 0.61). This effect remained robust after accounting for publication bias and excluding lower quality studies. The effect was significantly larger in studies utilising a cross‐sectional design (vs. longitudinal), convenience sampling (vs. population screening) and a majority male sample.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate that individuals with DCD experience greater levels of internalising symptoms than their peers. This highlights the importance of routine screening for emotional difficulties in DCD, raising awareness of the condition in mental health services and developing psychosocial interventions that extend beyond a focus on motor impairments. However, there is a need for higher quality, longitudinal studies to better understand the causal relationship between DCD and internalising symptoms.
Identification of a novel sperm class and its role in fertilization in Drosophila
Authors: Alpern Joshua H. M. , Asselin Michelle M. , Moehring Amanda J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn many species, males have evolved to produce a sterile sperm (parasperm) in conjunction with fertilizing sperm (eusperm). Here, we document evidence of males depositing two morphologically distinct types of parasperm (1 and 2) into the female reproductive tract in Drosophila pseudoobscura. These parasperm differ in length, shape, amount produced, amount in long‐term storage and may have separate roles in ensuring male fertilization success. Although both parasperm types protect eusperm from female spermicides, only parasperm 2, which has a corkscrew shape, is associated with sperm competition. Increased production of parasperm 2 is also negatively correlated with the eusperm and parasperm 1 production. Thus, selection may be acting on parasperm production in the presence of sperm competition. Our findings show how both sperm competition and cryptic female choice may be acting in conjunction to influence the evolution of ejaculate composition. Our identification and characterization of two distinct parasperm morphs will enhance the ability for further evaluation of parasperm's role in fertilization.
Thermal analysis of a low‐tech passive sensor for the assessment of food cooling rate in refrigerators and freezers
Authors: Fleischman Gregory J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSlow cooling of cooked foods for storage has been linked to many foodborne illness outbreaks over the past 40 years. The Food Code of the United States Food and Drug Administration gives a target cooling rate, but no quantitative means of achieving it. In this article, a thermal analysis is used to show how cooling of a consistently defined mass in an in‐use cooler leads to improved cooling in pans, a common means of food storage. The mass acts as a low‐tech sensor from which temperatures are obtained from simple in‐cooler tests. The analysis converts those temperatures to a pan food height that achieves adequate cooling. This sensor, composed of a standard coffee cup filled with ketchup with 5% added salt and covered with plastic wrap, is aimed at food service facilities, where budget and work time considerations limit options such as new equipment or extensive monitoring to improve cooling.Practical applicationsThe sensor suggested and analyzed in this work can potentially provide both an assessment of cooling rate and a quantitative means of improving it in food service coolers. Operating on fixed budgets and strict schedules, food service facilities have no inexpensive options and limited available time for assessing cooling rates, the adequacy of which is an important food safety safeguard.
Microbial community analysis of different qualities of pickled radishes by Illumina MiSeq sequencing
Authors: Tang Yanyan , Zhou Xianrong , Huang Shenglan , Li Yuzhu , Long Mou , Zhao Xin , Suo Huayi , Zalán Zsolt , Hegyi Ferenc , Du Muying 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPickles are a kind of traditional Chinese fermented vegetable product. To detect microorganism differences, we investigated bacterial and fungal communities in pickled radishes with different qualities and from different regions (Chongqing, Sichuan) using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing method. The results showed that bacterial communities in good‐quality Chongqing pickled radishes (sample A1) contained Pediococcus (40.77%), Lactobacillus (38.46%), Marinospirillum (5.46%), Idiomarina (3.10%), Bacillus (2.17%), Halanaerobium (2.05%), and Halomonas (1.25%), and the fungal communities contained Kazachstania (86.9%), Pichia (6.99%), Candida (3.97%), and Millerozyma (1.23%). In the Sichuan pickled radish (sample A2), the bacterial communities included Bacillus (55.35%), Lactococcus (12.10%), Pediococcus (9.02%), Lactobacillus (3.93%), Streptococcus (2.01%), Pseudomonas (1.98%), Bifidobacterium (1.92%), Arcobacter (1.62%), and Geobacillus (1.05%); Kazachstania (98.64%) was the dominant fungal genus. A microbial community analysis established that Marinobacter and Marinilabilia were associated with texture‐softening of the pickled radishes. The discolored pickled radishes that contained the Suttonella genus was not fit to be eaten.Practical applicationsTo meet the large demand of the market, industrialized pickle companies use large fermentation tank to ferment vegetables. During the fermentation process, the pickles will be deteriorated if the fermentation conditions are not managed well. It will cause food safety problems and great economic losses. The microbial communities of different qualities of pickled radishes were investigated to determine differences among communities using an Illumina MiSeq sequencing method. This study will help improve the quality of pickled radishes and reduce economic losses in pickle manufacturing.
Multimorbidity and lifestyle factors among adults with intellectual disabilities: a cross‐sectional analysis of a UK cohort
Authors: Tyrer F. , Dunkley A. J. , Singh J. , Kristunas C. , Khunti K. , Bhaumik S. , Davies M. J. , Yates T. E. , Gray L. J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundMultimorbidity [two or more conditions in addition to intellectual disability (ID)] is known to be more common among people with ID. However, the relationship between multimorbidity and lifestyle factors is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of multimorbidity in a population of adults with ID. We also aimed to identify risk factors, including lifestyle factors, for multimorbidity in this population.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional analysis using data from a diabetes screening study of 920 adults aged 18–74 years with ID living in Leicestershire, UK. We described comorbidities and the prevalence of multimorbidity in this population. We explored the relationship between multimorbidity and age, gender, ethnicity, severity of ID, socio‐economic status, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, fruit and vegetable consumption and smoking status using multiple logistic regression.ResultsThe prevalence of multimorbidity was 61.2% (95% CI 57.7–64.7). Multimorbidity was independently associated with being female (P < 0.001) and severe/profound ID (P = 0.004). Increasing age was of borderline significance (P = 0.06). Individuals who were physically inactive or sedentary were more likely to be multimorbid, independent of ability to walk, age, gender, severity of ID, ethnicity and socio‐economic status (adjusted OR = 1.91; 95% CI 1.23–2.97; P = 0.004 and OR = 1.98; 95% CI 1.42–2.77; P < 0.001). After excluding probable life‐long conditions (autism spectrum conditions, attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, epilepsy, cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes) as contributing comorbidities, the effect of sedentary behaviour, but not physical activity, remained (P = 0.004). We did not observe a relationship between multimorbidity, fruit and vegetable consumption and smoking status.ConclusionsMultimorbidity presents a significant burden to people with ID. Individuals who were physically inactive or sedentary were more likely to be multimorbid, but further work is recommended to explore the relationship between multimorbidity and lifestyle factors using standardised objective measures.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Asthma in Nonpregnant Women
Authors: Esden Jana , Pesta‐Walsh Nancy 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAsthma is a common condition affecting 8.3% of the adult population in the United States. The disease is characterized by chronic airway inflammation that leads to airway hyperresponsiveness and obstruction that results in coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and a feeling of chest tightness. The diagnosis and classification of asthma is based on reported symptoms, physical examination findings, and spirometry. Pharmacologic therapy is prescribed using a stepwise approach that begins with inhaled short‐acting beta2‐agonists for intermittent asthma with the addition of daily inhaled corticosteroids for more persistent cases. Individuals with asthma are reevaluated on a regular basis to monitor symptoms, and pharmacologic treatments are adjusted as needed. Familiarity with the stepwise approach for asthma management and confidence in the efficacy and safety profiles of inhaled medications will assist clinicians in successful management of asthma in the primary care setting.
One village, one product: Agro‐industrial village corporatism in contemporary China
Authors: Smith Nick R. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis paper investigates the implementation of “one village, one product” (OVOP) in four peri‐urban villages in China's Yangtze River Delta. China's agricultural transformation, including the introduction of new corporate actors and the growing pressure of market discipline, has challenged the relevance of villages in the organization of agricultural production. In response, village cadres in thousands of Chinese villages have used OVOP to transform their villages into agro‐industrial firms and re‐exert their control over the agricultural surplus, echoing earlier examples of village corporatism. Rooted in agricultural specialization, OVOP encompasses a diversity of strategies for the production of locality‐based value. I disaggregate these strategies into four sociospatial dimensions that comprise locality—place, network, territory, and scale. Place‐based branding is the dominant strategy, but village cadres also pursue complementary sociospatial strategies to ensure their control over the realization of the brand's value and reconstitute their redistributive and administrative powers.
Development and validation of an instrument to measure stress among older adult nursing students: The Student Nurse Stressor‐15 (SNS‐15) Scale
Authors: Sheridan Patricia , Carragher Lucia , Carragher Natacha , Treacy Joe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAims and objectivesTo report the development, testing and validation of an instrument to assess the stressors experienced by student nurses during their older adult clinical placements.BackgroundThe world's population of older adults is accelerating rapidly, with associated increased healthcare demands and a growing need for skilled nursing staff. However, this sector fails to attract adequate numbers of nursing graduates which is leading to a significant gap between nursing supply and demand. Older adult care is considered to be less attractive than other specialties and accompanied by more sources of stress.DesignA quantitative design was used.MethodsData were collected from a cohort of Irish student nurses (n = 242) completing older adult clinical placements as part of their undergraduate degree. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis examined the instrument's underlying latent structure. Discriminant validity was investigated using a confirmatory factor analysis model with covariates. STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional studies informed reporting of this paper's research.ResultsFactor analyses identified two factors relating to “Knowledge and Workload” and “Resources,” which were assessed by nine and six items, respectively. Discriminant validity analyses found a significant relationship between age and the workload and knowledge factor, and between year of programme and the resources factor. The new instrument was labelled the Student Nurse Stressor‐15 (SNS‐15) Scale.ConclusionsThe SNS‐15 contained some overlap with stressors from extant general student nurse stress instruments and a number of unique stressors encountered in older adult care. Future research directions are discussed.Relevance to clinical practiceThe SNS‐15 may assist stakeholders in nurse education and practice with the development of undergraduate degree programmes and clinical placements, and ultimately, in improving patient care and student retention.