bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing blue orchard bee (Osmia lignaria) propagation and pollination services in the presence of honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Utah tart cherries
Authors: Boyle Natalie K. , Pitts-Singer Theresa L. 
Published: September 2019

Osmia lignaria is a commercially available, native solitary bee species recognized for its propensity to forage upon and pollinate tree fruit crops such as apple, almond and cherry. This study evaluated the implementation of O. lignaria co-pollination with honey bees in central Utah commercial tart cherry orchards during 2017 and 2018 bloom. Three paired 1.2 ha sites were selected for evaluation of cherry fruit set and yield with and without managed O. lignaria releases alongside the standard honey bee hive stocking rate of 2.5 hives/ha. Osmia lignaria supplementation did not measurably increase cherry fruit set, fruit per limb cross-sectional area or fruit weight. The lack of differences in yield is likely a consequence of local saturation of pollinator services supplied by managed honey bees throughout experimental orchards, such that no additive benefit of managed O. lignaria releases were measurable. An increase in managed O. lignaria populations was achieved in 2017 but not 2018, possibly due to unknown changes to orchard management or environmental factors. While flying O. lignaria in Utah tart cherries may support sustainable in-field bee propagation, their subsequent impacts on tart cherry yield were not detected when paired with standard stocking densities of honey bees.
Synthesis, Properties of a New (Polymer and Chalcone)
Authors: Attia Mohana Faroug 
Published: September 2019

This paper included two objectives: (i) Synthesis of Polymer {poly 2- [1- phenyl -3-(4-methyl phenyl)-4, 5-dihydropyrazole-5-yl-(4-phenoxy carbonyl)] styrene} PMDPCS and structure characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectra and Uv/Vis and XRD. (ii) Synthesis of chalcone {3-(4-(dimethylamino) phenyl)-2-phenyl-(2E) propen-1-one} (DAPPP) for absorption and fluorescence spectra under different solvents and concentrations. Also, under various concentrations, organic solvents and pump pulse energies of Nd: YAG laser, the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) was studied. Additionally, under the same identical conditions, the amplified spontaneous emission spectra of DAPPP in solution were compared with a conventional laser dye of coumarin 503. Finally, the gain and the fluorescence quantum yield of DAPPP were determined.
Vehicular Fleet Expansion and Accidents Variation Numbers: A Contribution to the Analysis of the D. Pedro I-Tamoios Exporter Road Axis
Authors: Vernalha Estevão Brasil Ruas , Seixas Sônia Regina da Cal , Hoefel João Luiz de Moraes 
Published: September 2019

Aims: This paper aims to analyse the evolution of the fleet of vehicles on the D. Pedro I Export Corridor Axis, in the period 1998-2016 and its potential relationship with vehicle accident mortality rates with two municipalities cut by this route - Atibaia and Caraguatatuba.
Study Design: The focus was to investigate to what extent the intensification of the current fleet can be related as a factor directly responsible for the increase of the occurrence of accidents, using as an indicator for this measurement the mortality rate due to accidents of Traffic.
Place and Duration of Study: Study realized in São Paulo State, Brazil, for 36 months, from July 2015 to July 2018. The data used and analysed to diverse indicators were from 1998 to 2016.
Methodology: The methodology for the analysis of the intensification of the current fleet in the studied region was based on the comparison between the evolution figures of the fleets and the mortality rates due to transport accidents. In this way, all values were arranged on an identical horizontal axis (referring to the years), to show possible correlations.
Results: The relationship between the circulation fleet increase and the increase of accidents represents the negative impact of the processes of social and environmental changes that are occurring in the region. These processes link urbanisation, risks and vulnerability due to the lack of adequate urban planning and road safety infrastructure that exposes the population of these municipalities to a higher risk of accidents.
Conclusion: The data on the evolution of vehicle fleet in the exporting Corridor unequivocally evidences an accelerated urbanisation process, while mortality rates indicate the absence or inefficiency of public sector-oriented police and the health of the population, which hinder this process and may indicate negative impacts on society as a whole.
Geospatial Analysis of Groundwater Potential Zones in Keffi, Nassarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdullahi D. R. , Oladosu O. O. , Samson S. A. , Abegunde L. O. , Balogun T. A. , Mzuyanda C. 
Published: September 2019

Aim: Employ the use of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyze areas of groundwater potentials in Keffi LGA to meet the rate of water demand.
Study Design: The study is designed to delineate and analyze the drainage characteristics, and map out the groundwater potential zones.
Place and Duration of Study: The study is conducted in Keffi LGA of Nassarawa State, Nigeria in 2018.
Methodology: Both spatial and non-spatial data were utilized for this research, including Ground Control Points, satellite imageries, and maps. The data generated consisting of the rainfall, NDVI, lineament, geology, slope, and relief were prepared into thematic layers and used for the generation of the drainage morphometric parameters and multi-criteria overlay analysis. Each of the layer used has inputs were ranked based on their relative importance in controlling groundwater potential, and divided into classes using the hydro-geological properties. The groundwater potential analysis reveals four distinct zones representing high, moderate, less and least groundwater potential zones. The delineated groundwater potential map was verified using the available Ground Control Point of boreholes across the study area.
Results: The drainage of the study area falls in the 4th order, with the drainage density ranging from 0.2 to 1.6. From the groundwater potential map generated using the rainfall, lineament, geology, drainage density, slope, soil, and NDVI attributes, areas categorized having the moderate groundwater potentials cover about 89.1 km2, while the least cover 0.1 km2 of the study area. Validating the result with borehole locations across the location shows that the boreholes are dug based on the availability of water following the groundwater potentials, and; 59.8% of the settlement area falls within the moderate groundwater potential classes.
Conclusion: The area has adequate capacity for water supply, and only those within the high groundwater potential classes can access groundwater throughout the year.
Optimal damper design strategy for braced structures based on generalized response spectrum analysis
Authors: Terazawa Yuki , Takeuchi Toru 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a damper design strategy for highly indeterminate 3D structures utilizing computational optimization and generalized response spectrum analysis, which is extended to incorporate non‐proportional damping. This enables a more efficient design process compared to trial‐and‐error with nonlinear response history analysis. The efficiency of the proposed design strategy is verified, analyzed and then applied to a series of illustrative examples including retrofit of an existing lattice tower structure and new build buckling‐restrained braced frames.
Progress of Photodetectors Based on the Photothermoelectric Effect
Authors: Lu Xiaowei , Sun Lin , Jiang Peng , Bao Xinhe 
Published: September 2019

AbstractHigh‐performance uncooled photodetectors operating in the long‐wavelength infrared and terahertz regimes are highly demanded in the military and civilian fields. Photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors, which combine photothermal and thermoelectric conversion processes, can realize ultra‐broadband photodetection without the requirement of a cooling unit and external bias. In the last few decades, the responsivity and speed of PTE‐based photodetectors have made impressive progress with the discovery of novel thermoelectric materials and the development of nanophotonics. In particular, by introducing hot‐carrier transport into low‐dimensional material–based PTE detectors, the response time has been successfully pushed down to the picosecond level. Furthermore, with the assistance of surface plasmon, antenna, and phonon absorption, the responsivity of PTE detectors can be significantly enhanced. Beyond the photodetection, PTE effect can also be utilized to probe exotic physical phenomena in spintronics and valleytronics. Herein, recent advances in PTE detectors are summarized, and some potential strategies to further improve the performance are proposed.
On the Reversibility and Fragility of Sodium Metal Electrodes
Authors: Deng Yue , Zheng Jingxu , Warren Alexander , Yin Jiefu , Choudhury Snehashis , Biswal Prayag , Zhang Duhan , Archer Lynden A. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMetallic sodium is receiving renewed interest as a battery anode material because the metal is earth‐abundant, inexpensive, and offers a high specific storage capacity (1166 mAh g−1 at −2.71 V vs the standard hydrogen potential). Unlike metallic lithium, the case for Na as the anode in rechargeable batteries has already been demonstrated on a commercial scale in high‐temperature Na||S and Na||NiCl2 secondary batteries, which increases interest. The reversibility of room temperature sodium anodes is investigated in galvanostatic plating/stripping reactions using in situ optical visualization and galvanostatic polarization measurements. It is discovered that electronic disconnection of mossy metallic Na deposits (“orphaning”) is a dominant source of anode irreversibility in liquid electrolytes. The disconnection is shown by means of direct visualization studies to be triggered by a root‐breakage process during the stripping cycle. As a further step toward electrode designs that are able to accommodate the fragile Na deposits, electrodeposition of Na is demonstrated in nonplanar electrode architectures, which provide continuous and morphology agnostic access to the metal at all stages of electrochemical cycling. On this basis, nonplanar Na electrodes are reported, which exhibit exceptionally high levels of reversibility (Coulombic efficiency >99.6% for 1 mAh cm−2 Na throughput) in room‐temperature, liquid electrolytes.
Electrolyte Chemistry Enables Simultaneous Stabilization of Potassium Metal and Alloying Anode for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Hua , Yu Dandan , Wang Xiao , Niu Zhiqiang , Chen Mengxue , Cheng Liwei , Zhou Wei , Guo Lin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAlloying anodes are promising high‐capacity electrode materials for K‐ion batteries (KIBs). However, KIBs based on alloying anodes suffer from rapid capacity decay due to the instability of K metal and large volume expansion of alloying anodes. Herein, the effects of salts and solvents on the cycling stability of KIBs based on a typical alloying anode such as amorphous red phosphorus (RP) are investigated, and the potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) salt‐based carbonate electrolyte is versatile to achieve simultaneous stabilization of K metal and RP electrodes for highly stable KIBs. This salt‐solvent complex with a moderate solvation energy can alleviate side reactions between K metal and the electrolyte and facilitate K+ ion diffusion/desolvation. Moreover, robust SEI layers that form on K metal and RP electrodes can suppress K dendrite growth and resist RP volume change. This strategy of electrolyte regulation can be applicable to other alloying anodes for high‐performance KIBs.
Particle‐in‐a‐Frame Nanostructures with Interior Nanogaps
Authors: Lee Seunghoon , Kim Jaeyoung , Yang Hyunwoo , Cortés Emiliano , Kang Seungwoo , Han Sang Woo 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDesigning plasmonic hollow colloids with small interior nanogaps would allow structural properties to be exploited that are normally linked to an ensemble of particles but within a single nanoparticle. Now, a synthetic approach for constructing a new class of frame nanostructures is presented. Fine control over the galvanic replacement reaction of Ag nanoprisms with Au precursors gave unprecedented Au particle‐in‐a‐frame nanostructures with well‐defined sub‐2 nm interior nanogaps. The prepared nanostructures exhibited superior performance in applications, such as plasmonic sensing and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering, over their solid nanostructure and nanoframe counterparts. This highlights the benefit of their interior hot spots, which can highly promote and maximize the electric field confinement within a single nanostructure.
Photostimulus‐Responsive Large‐Area Two‐Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Films
Authors: Yu Fei , Liu Wenbo , Li Bang , Tian Dan , Zuo Jing‐Lin , Zhang Qichun 
Published: September 2019

AbstractUsing an external stimulus to modulate the electronic structure of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is very important because such a response will endow them with additional functions. A two‐dimensional (2D) COF, constructed from a photo‐responsive unit (1,2‐bis(5‐formyl‐2‐methylthien‐3‐yl)cyclopentene), can reversibly switch its electrical conductivity 200 times from low state (the open form) to high state (the closed form) upon irradiation with UV light and reversible with visible light. This reversible phenomenon can be monitored through a circuit containing a light‐emitting diode (LED). Photoinduced ring‐closing/opening reactions do not destroy the integrity of the frameworks, and both processes follow logarithmic carrier generation with time. Moreover, the correlation between COFs electronic properties and changes in photoinduced kinetics and absorption curves has been demonstrated.
Interplay of Atomic Interactions in the Intermetallic Semiconductor Be5Pt
Authors: Amon Alfred , Svanidze Eteri , Ormeci Alim , König Marcus , Kasinathan Deepa , Takegami Daisuke , Prots Yurii , Liao Yen‐Fa , Tsuei Ku‐Ding , Tjeng Liu Hao , Leithe‐Jasper Andreas , Grin Yuri 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSemiconducting substances form one of the most important families of functional materials. However, semiconductors containing only metals are very rare. The chemical mechanisms behind their ground‐state properties are only partially understood. Our investigations have rather unexpectedly revealed the semiconducting behaviour (band gap of 190 meV) for the intermetallic compound Be5Pt formed at a very low valence‐electron count. Quantum‐chemical analysis shows strong charge transfer from Be to Pt and reveals a three‐dimensional entity of vertex‐condensed empty Be4 tetrahedrons with multi‐atomic cluster bonds interpenetrated by the framework of Pt‐filled vertex‐condensed Be4 tetrahedrons with two‐atomic polar Be−Pt bonds. The combination of strong Coulomb interactions with relativistic effects results in a band gap.
Elaborating Complex Heteroaryl‐Containing Cycles via Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloadditions
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Jiao Zhiwei , Hung Chao‐I. (Joey) 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA general method for asymmetric synthesis of heteroaryl‐containing cycles via palladium‐catalyzed cyclization is reported. Most classes of nitrogen‐containing aromatics, including pyridines, quinolines, pyrimidines, various azoles and the derivatives of nucleobases are compatible substrates, offering various heteroaryl‐substituted cyclopentane, pyrrolidine, furanidine and bicyclo[4.3.1]decadiene derivatives with good to excellent enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity.
Numerical investigation on the influence of nozzle–organization–mode of split burner on flow field distribution and combustion characteristics of a 300‐MWe subcritical down‐fired boiler
Authors: Du He , Zeng Lingyan , Liu Shuxuan , Li Xiaoguang , Yuan Zhenhua , Xie Cheng , Liu Wenjie , Yang Xiuchao , Chen Zhichao , Li Zhengqi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNumerical simulations are carried out to investigate the influence of burner nozzle–organization–mode (N–O–M) on flow field distribution and combustion characteristics of a 300‐MWe subcritical down‐fired boiler. Three typical N–O–Ms respectively designed with Mitsui Babcock Energy Limited (MBEL), fuel‐lean coal/air flow down‐setting (FD), and multi‐injection multistaging combustion (MIMSC) technology are studied, plus industrial‐size measurements on the original MBEL boiler. Vertical velocity attenuation index (η) and maximum dimensionless penetrating depth (γ) are introduced to estimate the transfer effect and penetrating capacity of pulverized coal/air flow. Results uncover that under the N–O–M based on MBEL technology, flow field and temperature field are deflective. η is 9.257. Under N–O–Ms based on FD and MIMSC technology, flow field and temperature field present obvious symmetry. η respectively are 4.365 and 2.921. γ are correspondingly about 0.8 and 1.36. Carbon content in fly ash and NOx emissions at furnace outlet are lowest (5.77% and 735.21 mg/m3 (O2 = 6%)) under the N–O–M with MIMSC technology. The bigger the η is, the worse penetrating characteristics of coal/air flow is, resulting in poor burnout of pulverized coal. Therefore, MIMSC technology is recommended for the boiler improvement, and η should be taken into account in the design of new down‐fired boiler N–O–Ms.
Pipeline Integrity Testing to Assess the Useful Life of Pipeline Infrastructure
Authors: Igar Karyn , Lauri Phil , Shoenberger Paul , Spencer David , Ellison Dan , Omae Amy 
Published: September 2019

Key TakeawaysMesa Water District found that a condition‐based program was a better option than age‐based estimates to determine the remaining useful life of its pipelines.Asbestos–cement pipe was the primary focus of the testing program.Mesa Water estimates that it will avoid spending $231 million in unnecessary pipe replacement over the next 30 years.
California's First Swimming Lake Using Recycled Water
Authors: Bourke Michael F. , Bunts Donald , Butler Patricia A. 
Published: September 2019

Key TakeawaysFrom 1978 to 2016, Lake Mission Viejo was refilled in part with purchased drinking water, which has been controversial, especially during times of drought.Lake Mission Viejo Association and Santa Margarita Water District executed a plan to fill the lake with recycled water to provide an environmentally sustainable, drought‐proof water supply.The fast‐track project was a success as a result of careful planning, public outreach, innovative funding, and a tested treatment process.
Engineering of a Red Fluorogenic Protein/Merocyanine Complex for Live‐Cell Imaging
Authors: Santos Elizabeth M. , Berbasova Tetyana , Wang Wenjing , Salmani Rahele Esmatpour , Sheng Wei , Vasileiou Chrysoula , Geiger James H. , Borhan Babak 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA reengineered human cellular retinol binding protein II (hCRBPII), a 15‐kDa protein belonging to the intracellular lipid binding protein (iLBP) family, generates a highly fluorescent red pigment through the covalent linkage of a merocyanine aldehyde to an active site lysine residue. The complex exhibits “turn‐on” fluorescence, due to a weakly fluorescent aldehyde that “lights up” with subsequent formation of a strongly fluorescent merocyanine dye within the binding pocket of the protein. Cellular penetration of merocyanine is rapid, and fluorophore maturation is nearly instantaneous. The hCRBPII/merocyanine complex displays high quantum yield, low cytotoxicity, specificity in labeling organelles, and compatibility in both cancer cell lines and yeast cells. The hCRBPII/merocyanine tag is brighter than most common red fluorescent proteins.
The Development of Biophotovoltaic Systems for Power Generation and Biological Analysis
Authors: Wey Laura T. , Bombelli Paolo , Chen Xiaolong , Lawrence Joshua M. , Rabideau Clayton M. , Rowden Stephen J. L. , Zhang Jenny Z. , Howe Christopher J. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBiophotovoltaic systems (BPVs) resemble microbial fuel cells, but utilise oxygenic photosynthetic microorganisms associated with an anode to generate an extracellular electrical current, which is stimulated by illumination. Study and exploitation of BPVs have come a long way over the last few decades, having benefited from several generations of electrode development and improvements in wiring schemes. Power densities of up to 0.5 W m−2 and the powering of small electrical devices such as a digital clock have been reported. Improvements in standardisation have meant that this biophotoelectrochemical phenomenon can be further exploited to address biological questions relating to the organisms. Here, we aim to provide both biologists and electrochemists with a review of the progress of BPV development with a focus on biological materials, electrode design and interfacial wiring considerations, and propose steps for driving the field forward.
Effect of sintering temperature of potassium feldspar‐limestone/dolomite on composition and microstructure of silicate fertilizers
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Yu Weimin , Zhao Bingqiang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAcid soils call for a fertilizer providing base cations (Ca, Mg, K, et al.) and releasing nutrients with a gradual rate. The dissolution rate from soil minerals such as potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8) is believed to be too slow to provide agronomic benefits. Using limestone (CaCO3) and/or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) as the additives, crystalline structure breakdown of potassium feldspar is achieved by high‐temperature treatment and a K‐containing multi‐nutrient silicate fertilizer is thus produced. Effect of sintering temperature on the available nutrient contents, mineral phases, and microstructure was investigated. The evolution of K‐containing minerals and their relative dissolution rate were discussed. The dissolution behaviors of other calcium/magnesium silicates were also analyzed. After sintered at 1220°C, the plant‐available Si, Ca, K, and Mg contents in the fertilizer were 15.1%, 21.6%, 5.4%, and 2.4%, with the proportion of 45% potassium feldspar, 33% limestone, and 22% dolomite. Kalsilite (KAlSiO4) was proved to be the most effective one among potassium feldspar (KAlSi3O8), leucite (KAlSi2O6), and kalsilite (KAlSiO4), which was totally soluble after 30 minutes extraction in 0.5 mol/L HCl acid. Pseudwollastonite (Ca3Si3O9) was totally soluble while gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7) could only be dissolved after extraction of several times. Chemical reaction processes between KAlSi3O8 and CaO/MgO were discussed, and dicalcium silicate (Ca2SiO4, C2S) should be avoided in the reaction system.
Molecular Flexibility and Bend in Semi‐Rigid Liquid Crystals: Implications for the Heliconical Nematic Ground State
Authors: Mandle Richard J. , Goodby John W. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe NTB phase phases possess a local helical structure with a pitch length of a few nanometers and is typically exhibited by materials consisting of two rigid mesogenic units linked by a flexible oligomethylene spacer of odd parity, giving a bent shape. We report the synthesis and characterisation of two novel dimeric liquid crystals, and perform a computational study on 10 cyanobiphenyl dimers with varying linking groups, generating a large library of conformers for each compound; this allows us to present molecular bend angles as probability weighted averages of many conformers, rather than use a single conformer. We validate conformer libraries by comparison of interproton distances with those obtained from solution‐based 1D 1H NOESY NMR, finding good agreement between experiment and computational work. Conversely, we find that using any single conformer fails to reproduce experimental interproton distances. We find the use of a single conformer significantly overestimates the molecular bend angle while also ignoring flexibility; in addition, we show that the average bend angle and flexibility are both linked to the relative stability of the NTB phase.