bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Convective blueshifts in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Löhner-Böttcher J. , Schmidt W. , Schlichenmaier R. , Steinmetz T. , Holzwarth R. 
Published: January 2019

Context. Convective motions in the solar atmosphere cause spectral lines to become asymmetric and shifted in wavelength. For photospheric lines, this differential Doppler shift varies from the solar disk center to the limb.
Aims. Precise and comprehensive observations of the convective blueshift and its center-to-limb variation improve our understanding of the atmospheric hydrodynamics and ensuing line formation, and provide the basis to refine 3D models of the solar atmosphere.
Methods. We performed systematical spectroscopic measurements of the convective blueshift of the quiet Sun with the Laser Absolute Reference Spectrograph (LARS) at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope. The spatial scanning of the solar disk covered 11 heliocentric positions each along four radial (meridional and equatorial) axes. The high-resolution spectra of 26 photospheric to chromospheric lines in the visible range were calibrated with a laser frequency comb to absolute wavelengths at the 1 m s−1 accuracy. Applying ephemeris and reference corrections, the bisector analysis provided line asymmetries and Doppler shifts with an uncertainty of only few m s−1. To allow for a comparison with other observations, we convolved the results to lower spectral resolutions.
Results. All spectral line bisectors exhibit a systematic center-to-limb variation. Typically, a blueshifted “C”-shaped curve at disk center transforms into a less blueshifted “\”-shape toward the solar limb. The comparison of all lines reveals the systematic dependence of the convective blueshift on the line depth. The blueshift of the line minima describe a linear decrease with increasing line depths. The slope of the center-to-limb variation develops a reversal point at heliocentric positions between μ = 0.7 and 0.85, seen as the effect of horizontal granular flows in the mid photosphere. Line minima formed in the upper photosphere to chromosphere exhibit hardly any blueshift or even a slight redshift. Synthetic models yield considerable deviations from the observed center-to-limb variation.
Conclusions. The obtained Doppler shifts of the quiet Sun can serve as an absolute reference for other observations, the relative calibration of Dopplergrams, and the necessary refinement of atmospheric models. Based on this, the development of high-precision models of stellar surface convection will advance the detection of (potentially habitable) exoplanets by radial velocity measurements.
Interplay between miRNAs and host genes and their role in cancer
Authors: Liu Baohong , Shyr Yu , Cai Jianping , Liu Qi 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding functional RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. They play essential roles in nearly all biological processes including cell development and differentiation, DNA damage repair, cell death as well as intercellular communication. They are highly involved in cancer, acting as tumor suppressors and/or promoters to modulate cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that more than half of miRNAs are located within protein-coding or non-coding genes. Intragenic miRNAs and their host genes either share the promoter or have independent transcription. Meanwhile, miRNAs work as partners or antagonists of their host genes by fine-tuning their target genes functionally associated with host genes. This review outlined the complicated relationship between intragenic miRNAs and host genes. Focusing on miRNAs known as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in specific cancer types, it studied co-expression relationships between these miRNAs and host genes in the cancer types using TCGA data sets, which validated previous findings and revealed common, tumor-specific and even subtype-specific patterns. These observations will help understand the function of intragenic miRNAs and further develop miRNA therapeutics in cancer.
Dlx1/2 are Central and Essential Components in the Transcriptional Code for Generating Olfactory Bulb Interneurons
Authors: Guo Teng , Liu Guoping , Du Heng , Wen Yan , Wei Song , Li Zhenmeiyu , Tao Guangxu , Shang Zicong , Song Xiaolei , Zhang Zhuangzhi , Xu Zhejun , You Yan , Chen Bin , Rubenstein John L , Yang Zhengang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGeneration of olfactory bulb (OB) interneurons requires neural stem/progenitor cell specification, proliferation, differentiation, and young interneuron migration and maturation. Here, we show that the homeobox transcription factors Dlx1/2 are central and essential components in the transcriptional code for generating OB interneurons. In Dlx1/2 constitutive null mutants, the differentiation of GSX2+ and ASCL1+ neural stem/progenitor cells in the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence is blocked, resulting in a failure of OB interneuron generation. In Dlx1/2 conditional mutants (hGFAP-Cre; Dlx1/2F/− mice), GSX2+ and ASCL1+ neural stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal subventricular zone also fail to differentiate into OB interneurons. In contrast, overexpression of Dlx1&2 in embryonic mouse cortex led to ectopic production of OB-like interneurons that expressed Gad1, Sp8, Sp9, Arx, Pbx3, Etv1, Tshz1, and Prokr2. Pax6 mutants generate cortical ectopia with OB-like interneurons, but do not do so in compound Pax6; Dlx1/2 mutants. We propose that DLX1/2 promote OB interneuron development mainly through activating the expression of Sp8/9, which further promote Tshz1 and Prokr2 expression. Based on this study, in combination with earlier ones, we propose a transcriptional network for the process of OB interneuron development.
Elaboration of Consensus Clinical Endpoints to Evaluate Antimicrobial Treatment Efficacy in Future Hospital-acquired/Ventilator-associated Bacterial Pneumonia Clinical Trials
Authors: Weiss Emmanuel , Zahar Jean-Ralph , Alder Jeff , Asehnoune Karim , Bassetti Matteo , Bonten Marc J M , Chastre Jean , De Waele Jan , Dimopoulos George , Eggimann Philippe , Engelhardt Marc , Ewig Santiago , Kollef Marin , Lipman Jeffrey , Luna Carlos , Martin-Loeches Ignacio , Pagani Leonardo , Palmer Lucy B , Papazian Laurent , Poulakou Garyphallia , Prokocimer Philippe , Rello Jordi , Rex John H , Shorr Andrew F , Talbot George H , Thamlikitkul Visanu , Torres Antoni , Wunderink Richard G , Timsit Jean-François 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP and VABP, respectively) are important for the evaluation of new antimicrobials. However, the heterogeneity in endpoints used in RCTs evaluating treatment of HABP/VABP may puzzle clinicians. The aim of this work was to reach a consensus on clinical endpoints to consider in future clinical trials evaluating antimicrobial treatment efficacy for HABP/VABP.

Methods
Twenty-six international experts from intensive care, infectious diseases, and the pharmaceutical industry were polled using the Delphi method.

Results
The panel recommended a hierarchical composite endpoint including, by priority order, (1) survival at day 28, (2) mechanical ventilation–free days through day 28, and (3) clinical cure between study days 7 and 10 for VABP; and (1) survival (day 28) and (2) clinical cure (days 7–10) for HABP. Clinical cure was defined as the combination of resolution of signs and symptoms present at enrollment and improvement or lack of progression of radiological signs. More than 70% of the experts agreed to assess survival and mechanical ventilation–free days though day 28, and clinical cure between day 7 and day 10 after treatment initiation. Finally, the hierarchical order of endpoint components was reached after 3 Delphi rounds (72% agreement).

Conclusions
We provide a multinational expert consensus on separate hierarchical composite endpoints for VABP and HABP, and on a definition of clinical cure that could be considered for use in future HABP/VABP clinical trials.
Decreased Expression of Cystathionine β-Synthase Exacerbates Intestinal Barrier Injury in Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Chen Shanwen , Zuo Shuai , Zhu Jing , Yue Taohua , Bu Dingfang , Wang Xin , Wang Pengyuan , Pan Yisheng , Liu Yucun 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Endogenous H2S regulates multiple physiological and pathological processes in colon epithelial tissues. The current study investigated the role of cystathionine β-synthase [CBS], a major producer of H2S in colon epithelial cells, in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis [UC]-related intestinal barrier injury. The expression and DNA methylation level of CBS were investigated in inflamed and non-inflamed colon tissues collected from UC patients, and the effect of decreased CBS levels on Caco-2 monolayer barrier injury and altered status of tight junctions elicited by tumour necrosis factor/interferon [TNF/IFN] was determined.

Methods
The expression of CBS and the methylation level of the CBS promoter were assessed in non-inflamed and inflamed colon epithelial tissue samples collected from UC patients. Barrier function, status of tight junction proteins and activation of the NF-κB p65-mediated MLCK-P-MLC signalling pathway were further investigated in Caco-2 monolayers.

Results
Decreased expression of CBS and elevated methylation levels of the CBS promoter were observed in inflamed sites compared with in non-inflamed sites in the colon epithelial samples from UC patients. In Caco-2 monolayers, decreased expression of CBS exacerbated TNF/IFN-induced barrier injury and altered localization of tight junction proteins. Decreased expression of CBS predisposed Caco-2 monolayers to injury elicited by TNF/IFN via augmentation of the NF-κB p65-mediated MLCK-P-MLC signalling pathway.

Conclusions
Decreased expression of CBS propagates the pathogenesis of UC by exacerbating inflammation-induced intestinal barrier injury. Elevated methylation of the CBS promoter might be one of the mechanisms underlying the decreased expression of CBS in inflamed sites of colon epithelial tissues from UC patients.
Prospective Study of Psychological Morbidity and Illness Perceptions in Young People With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Brooks Alenka J , Norman Paul , Peach Emily J , Ryder Anna , Scott Alexander J , Narula Priya , Corfe Bernard M , Lobo Alan J , Rowse Georgina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Background and Aims
Psychological morbidity is increased in young people with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Illness perceptions may be an important factor. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and severity of psychological morbidity and to examine relationships between baseline illness perceptions and anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life [HRQoL], at baseline and 12 months later, in 16–21 year olds with IBD.

Methods
IBD patients [n = 121] completed measures of anxiety, depression, HRQoL, and illness perceptions [IPQ-R] at baseline and follow-up [n = 100, 83%].

Results
Among the 121 patients at baseline [median age 19.3 years, 40% female, 62% Crohn’s disease, 73% in clinical remission], 55% reported elevated symptoms of anxiety/depression and 83% reported low HRQoL. Negative illness perceptions at baseline were significantly correlated with greater anxiety, depression, and lower HRQoL at baseline and follow-up. In regression analysis at baseline, the IPQ-R domain of greater perception of a cyclical nature of IBD was an independent predictor of anxiety, and a greater perceived emotional impact of IBD was an independent predictor of anxiety, depression, and HRQoL. Female gender and clinical relapse were also independent predictors of lower HRQoL. After controlling for baseline measures, clinical risk factors and illness perceptions did not explain additional variance in psychological morbidity at follow-up.

Conclusions
A high prevalence of psychological morbidity, stable over 1 year, was demonstrated in young people with IBD. Having negative illness perceptions, being female, and having active disease predicted those at greatest risk of psychological morbidity. Illness perceptions may be an appropriate target for psychological interventions.
Multisectoral Collaborations to Increase the Use of Recommended Cancer Screening and Other Clinical Preventive Services by Older Adults
Authors: Kietzman Kathryn G , Toy Peggy , Bravo Rosana L , Duru O Kenrik , Wallace Steven P 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The Healthy Aging Partnerships in Prevention Initiative (HAPPI) is a multisectoral collaboration that aims to increase use of recommended cancer screening and other clinical preventive services (CPS) among underserved African American and Latino adults aged 50 and older in South Los Angeles. HAPPI uses the principles of the evidence-based model Sickness Prevention Achieved through Regional Collaboration to increase capacity for the delivery of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening, as well as influenza and pneumococcal immunizations, and cholesterol screening. This article describes HAPPI’s collaborative efforts to enhance local capacity by training personnel from community health centers (CHCs) and community-based organizations (CBOs), implementing a small grants program, and forming a community advisory council. HAPPI demonstrates that existing resources in the region can be successfully linked and leveraged to increase awareness and receipt of CPS. Five CHCs expanded quality improvement efforts and eight CBOs reached 2,730 older African Americans and Latinos through locally tailored educational programs that encouraged community–clinic linkages. A community council assumed leadership roles to ensure HAPPI sustainability. The lessons learned from these collective efforts hold promise for increasing awareness and fostering the use of CPS by older adults in underserved communities.
‘Leaky’ Bodies, Connectivity and Embodied Transitional Justice
Authors: Clark Janine Natalya 
Published: January 2019

Abstract∞
Within the ever-growing field of transitional justice, it is striking that little attention has been given to bodies, except in the sense of what has been done to them. Seeking to address this gap by focusing on what bodies can do, this interdisciplinary article argues that bodies represent important sites of connectivity that can bring together communities fractured by war and armed conflict. In developing this thesis, it emphasizes how the leakiness of bodies – which has traditionally been viewed in negative terms – can help to foster a positive awareness of corporeal connectivity. Distinguishing between what it terms grounded and meta-functional connectivity, it calls for embodied ways of doing transitional justice that operationalize both types of connectivity. While the article is primarily a theoretical and conceptual piece, its empirical threads draw from the author’s recent fieldwork with victims–survivors of conflict-related sexual violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Colombia and Uganda.
Ascending Chain Condition for F-Pure Thresholds with Fixed Embedding Dimension
Authors: Sato Kenta 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we prove that the set of all $F$-pure thresholds of ideals with fixed embedding dimension satisfies the ascending chain condition. As a corollary, given an integer $d$, we verify the ascending chain condition for the set of all $F$-pure thresholds on all $d$-dimensional normal locally complete intersection varieties. In the process of proving these results, we also show the rationality of $F$-pure thresholds of ideals on non-strongly $F$-regular pairs.
Loss of TET proteins in regulatory T cells promotes abnormal proliferation, Foxp3 destabilization and IL-17 expression
Authors: Nakatsukasa Hiroko , Oda Mayumi , Yin Jinghua , Chikuma Shunsuke , Ito Minako , Koga-Iizuka Mana , Someya Kazue , Kitagawa Yohko , Ohkura Naganari , Sakaguchi Shimon , Koya Ikuko , Sanosaka Tsukasa , Kohyama Jun , Tsukada Yu-ichi , Yamanaka Soichiro , Takamura-Enya Takeji , Lu Qianjin , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins regulate DNA methylation and gene expression by converting 5-methylcytosine (5mC) to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC). Although Tet2/Tet3 deficiency has been reported to lead to myeloid cell, B-cell and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell malignancy, the effect of TET on regulatory T cells (Tregs) has not been elucidated. We found that Tet2/Tet3 deficiency in Tregs led to lethal hyperproliferation of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes after 5 months of age. Additionally, in aged Treg-specific Tet2/Tet3-deficient mice, serum IgG1, IgG3, IgM and IgE levels were markedly elevated. High IL-17 expression was observed in both Foxp3+ and Fopx3- CD4+ T cells, and adoptive transfer of Tet2/Tet3-deficient Tregs into lymphopenic mice inhibited Foxp3 expression and caused conversion into IL-17-producing cells. However, the conserved non-coding DNA sequence-2 (CNS2) region of the Foxp3 gene locus, which has been shown to be particularly important for stable Foxp3 expression, was only partly methylated. We identified novel TET-dependent demethylation sites in the Foxp3 upstream enhancer, which may contribute to stable Foxp3 expression. Together, these data indicate that Tet2 and Tet3 are involved in Treg stability and immune homeostasis in mice.
The National Cancer Institute Clinical Trials Planning Meeting for Prevention and Treatment of Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Dorsey Susan G , Kleckner Ian R , Barton Debra , Mustian Karen , O’Mara Ann , St. Germain Diane , Cavaletti Guido , Danhauer Suzanne C , Hershman Dawn L , Hohmann Andrea G , Hoke Ahmet , Hopkins Judith O , Kelly Katherine P , Loprinzi Charles L , McLeod Howard L , Mohile Supriya , Paice Judith , Rowland Julia H , Salvemini Daniela , Segal Rosalind A , Smith Ellen Lavoie , Stevens Worta McCaskill , Janelsins Michelle C 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Although recent scientific advances have improved our understanding of basic biological mechanisms underlying chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), few interventions are available to prevent or treat CIPN. Although some biological targets from preclinical studies show promise in nonhuman animal models, few targets have been translated to successful clinical trials. To address this problem, the National Cancer Institute’s Symptom Management and Health-Related Quality of Life Steering Committee convened a meeting of experts in the CIPN and oncology symptom management fields to participate in a Clinical Trials Planning Meeting (CTPM). Investigators presented data from preclinical and translational studies for possible CIPN interventions; these were evaluated for readiness of randomized clinical trial testing by experts, and recommendations were provided. Breakout sessions were convened to discuss and develop future studies. The CTPM experts concluded that there is compelling evidence to move forward with selected pharmacological and nonpharmacological clinical trials for the prevention and treatment of CIPN. Several key feasibility issues need to be addressed, however. These include identification of optimal outcome measures to define the CIPN phenotype, establishment of parameters that guide the evaluation of clinically meaningful effects, and adoption of approaches for inclusion of translational and biomarker and/or genetic measures. The results of the CTPM provide support for conducting clinical trials that include both pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches, alone or in combination, with biomarkers, genetics, or other measures designed to inform underlying CIPN mechanisms. Several working groups were formed to design rigorous CIPN clinical trials, the results of which are ongoing.
Increased virulence of albino mutant of Fonsecaea monophora in Galleria mellonella
Authors: Liu Yinghui , Huang Xiaowen , Liu Hongfang , Xi Liyan , Cooper Chester R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Fonsecaea monophora has been the predominant pathogen of chromoblastomycosis in Southern China, but its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. New models are needed to study this infection. In the current study, we examined the role of melanin on the pathogenicity of F. monophora in Galleria mellonella model using melanin and albino strain. Interestingly, the albino mutant strain displayed higher pathogenicity compared to the melanin stain and restoration of melanin of albino mutant could reverse the pathogenicity. Histopathology showed that inflammatory nodules were bigger than that infected with albino cells, which suggested that melanized cells could trigger a robust cellular immune response of G. mellonella than albino cells. The activated immune response in G. mellonella induced by melanized cells might explain the decreased virulence of melanized cells in larvae model. While further study was needed to gain full insights into the molecular immunological mechanism in G. mellonella activated by melanin.
The Palomar Transient Factory Sky2Night programme
Authors: van Roestel J , Groot P J , Kupfer T , Verbeek K , van Velzen S , Bours M , Nugent P , Prince T , Levitan D , Nissanke S , Kulkarni S R , Laher R R 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We present results of the Sky2Night project: a systematic, unbiased search for fast optical transients with the Palomar Transient Factory. We have observed 407deg2 in R-band for eight nights at a cadence of 2 h. During the entire duration of the project, the 4.2 m William Herschel Telescope on La Palma was dedicated to obtaining identification spectra for the detected transients. During the search, we found 12 supernovae, 10 outbursting cataclysmic variables, nine flaring M-stars, three flaring active galactic nuclei, and no extragalactic fast optical transients. Using this systematic survey for transients, we have calculated robust observed rates for the detected types of transients, and upper limits of the rate of extragalactic fast optical transients of $\mathcal {R}\lt 37\times 10^{-4}$deg−2 d−1 and $\mathcal {R}\lt 9.3\times 10^{-4}$deg−2 d−1 for time-scales of 4 h and 1 d and a limiting magnitude of R ≈ 19.7. We use the results of this project to determine what kind of and how many astrophysical false positives we can expect when following up gravitational wave detections in search for kilonovae.
The Persistence of Financial Distress
Authors: Athreya Kartik , Mustre-del-Río José , Sánchez Juan M 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUsing proprietary panel data, we show that many U.S. consumers experience financial distress (35% when distress is defined by having debt in severe delinquency, e.g.) at some point in their lives. However, most distress events are concentrated on a much smaller proportion of consumers in persistent trouble: fewer than 10% of borrowers account for half of all distress events. These facts can be largely accounted for in a straightforward extension of a workhorse model of unsecured debt with informal default that accommodates a simple form of heterogeneity in time preference.Received November 10, 2017; editorial decision November 12, 2018 by Editor Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh.