bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Security in ASEAN Region: Its challenges
Authors: Mat Sahid Endang Jati , Ching Sin Tan , Chin Hock Goh 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The ASEAN region has been experiencing a robust economic growth in the past decades and the economy is expected to expand further for the next few decades. To satisfy the thirst brought about by the economic growth, primary energy demand in the region is expected tripled its value, mainly due to progress of industrialization and motorization. An increase of energy requirement in the region will necessitate some of the energy demand to be met through imported energy sources. This highly dependency of energy import resources is a signal to policy makers to address the burgeoning concerns of the energy issues in the region. Therefore revising existing and formulating new policies are crucial to improve the energy supply security of the region. This paper looks into the challenges of the energy security in Southeast Asia by identifying the energy gaps challenges on the availability of energy resources and the energy supply and demand projection up to 2050. Finally this paper will discuss on the issues on energy governance in the region for the purpose of enhancing its energy security level.
Added value of regional reanalyses for climatological applications
Authors: Kaiser-Weiss Andrea K , Borsche Michael , Niermann Deborah , Kaspar Frank , Lussana Cristian , Isotta Francesco A , van den Besselaar Else , van der Schrier Gerard , Undén Per 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Regional reanalyses constitute valuable new data sources for climatological applications by providing consistent meteorological parameter fields commonly requested, e.g., wind speed, solar radiation, temperature and precipitation. Within the European project Uncertainties in Ensembles of Regional ReAnalyses (UERRA) three different numerical weather prediction (NWP) models have been employed to generate different European regional reanalyses and subsequent surface reanalysis products. The uncertainties of the individual reanalysis products and of the combined UERRA multi-model ensemble are investigated by comparing against observations. Here, we provide guidance on the meteorological parameters and spatial-temporal scales where regional reanalyses add value to global reanalyses. The reanalysis fields are compared to station measurements and derived gridded fields, as well as satellite data. In general, reanalyses are especially valuable in data sparse areas, where the NWP models are superior in transporting information compared to the traditional gridding procedures based on station observations. For wind speed at heights relevant for wind energy, where little conventional observations exist, regional reanalyses can provide higher resolution horizontally, vertically, and in time, adding value to global reanalyses. Solar radiation fields capture the variability in general, however, they are prone to model-dependent biases. Temperature fields were generally found to be in good agreement with station observations, with biases for the (moderately) extreme values causing potential pitfalls for threshold applications such as climate indices. Comparisons of the precipitation fields in different areas of Europe demonstrate that various reanalyses excel in different regions. The multi-model ensemble of regional reanalyses was found to provide better uncertainty estimates than an ensemble realisation from one reanalysis system alone. The freely available regional reanalyses provide a new, high resolution data source, which might be attractive for many applications, especially when conventional data are sparse or restricted by data policies.
Active formation of Li-ion batteries and its effect on cycle life
Authors: Pathan Tanveerkhan S , Rashid Muhammad , Walker Marc , Widanage W D , Kendrick Emma 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe formation of the solid electrolyte interphase during the formation and conditioning steps, is a very time consuming and expensive process. We present an active formation method in LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2(NMC-111) versus graphite lithium-ion batteries, which maintains the cycling performance of the cells. Ten different active formation protocols were evaluated, which consisted of cycling between an upper (Vu) and lower (Vl) voltages. The cells were evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cycling. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to analyse the surface of the electrodes after cycling. Cycling performance and resistance measurements from the EIS results confirm the different effect of formation protocols in the lifetime and performance of the cells. We show that during the formation protocol the interface composition is optimised through the transport of lithium ions through the initial organic decomposition layer on the graphite at higher cell voltages (>3.65 V). These higher voltage cycling formation protocols giving an interface with greater stability and enhanced cycling are observed in the cells.
Human core duplicon gene families: game changers or game players?
Authors: Bekpen Cemalettin , Tautz Diethard 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Illuminating the role of specific gene duplications within the human lineage can provide insights into human-specific adaptations. The so-called human core duplicon gene families have received particular attention in this respect, due to special features, such as expansion along single chromosomes, newly acquired protein domains and signatures of positive selection. Here, we summarize the data available for 10 such families and include some new analyses. A picture emerges that suggests broad functions for these protein families, possibly through modification of core cellular pathways. Still, more dedicated studies are required to elucidate the function of core-duplicons gene families and how they have shaped adaptations and evolution of humans.
Attenuating the DNA damage response to double-strand breaks restores function in models of CNS neurodegeneration
Authors: Tuxworth Richard I , Taylor Matthew J , Martin Anduaga Ane , Hussien-Ali Alaa , Chatzimatthaiou Sotiroula , Longland Joanne , Thompson Adam M , Almutiri Sharif , Alifragis Pavlos , Kyriacou Charalambos P , Kysela Boris , Ahmed Zubair 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
DNA double-strand breaks are a feature of many acute and long-term neurological disorders, including neurodegeneration, following neurotrauma and after stroke. Persistent activation of the DNA damage response in response to double-strand breaks contributes to neural dysfunction and pathology as it can force post-mitotic neurons to re-enter the cell cycle leading to senescence or apoptosis. Mature, non-dividing neurons may tolerate low levels of DNA damage, in which case muting the DNA damage response might be neuroprotective. Here, we show that attenuating the DNA damage response by targeting the meiotic recombination 11, Rad50, Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 complex, which is involved in double-strand break recognition, is neuroprotective in three neurodegeneration models in Drosophila and prevents Aβ1-42-induced loss of synapses in embryonic hippocampal neurons. Attenuating the DNA damage response after optic nerve injury is also neuroprotective to retinal ganglion cells and promotes dramatic regeneration of their neurites both in vitro and in vivo. Dorsal root ganglion neurons similarly regenerate when the DNA damage response is targeted in vitro and in vivo and this strategy also induces significant restoration of lost function after spinal cord injury. We conclude that muting the DNA damage response in the nervous system is neuroprotective in multiple neurological disorders. Our results point to new therapies to maintain or repair the nervous system.
The Influence of Cortico-Cerebellar Structural Connectivity on Cortical Excitability in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Guder Stephanie , Frey Benedikt M , Backhaus Winifried , Braass Hanna , Timmermann Jan E , Gerloff Christian , Schulz Robert 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Brain imaging has recently evidenced that the structural state of distinct reciprocal cortico-cerebellar fiber tracts, the dentato-thalamo-cortical tract (DTCT), and the cortico-ponto-cerebellar tract (CPCeT), significantly influences residual motor output in chronic stroke patients, independent from the level of damage to the corticospinal tract (CST). Whether such structural information might also directly relate to measures of cortical excitability is an open question. Eighteen chronic stroke patients with supratentorial ischemic lesions and 17 healthy controls underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess recruitment curves of motor evoked potentials of both hemispheres. Diffusion-weighted imaging and probabilistic tractography were applied to reconstruct reciprocal cortico-cerebellar motor tracts between the primary motor cortex and the cerebellum. Tract-related microstructure was estimated by means of fractional anisotropy, and linear regression modeling was used to relate it to cortical excitability. The main finding was a significant association between cortical excitability and the structural integrity of the DTCT, the main cerebellar outflow tract, independent from the level of damage to the CST. A comparable relationship was neither detectable for the CPCeT nor for the healthy controls. This finding contributes to a mechanistic understanding of the putative supportive role of the cerebellum for residual motor output by facilitating cortical excitability after stroke.
HPLC Coupled with Chemometric Analysis and LC–MS Studies of Three Flavonoids in Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers Revealed Impact of Chemodiversity on the Quest for the Chemical Markers
Authors: Katakam Sagar , Rathod Rajeshwari , Sharma Poojadevi , Kachhadiya Dharmesh , Anandjiwala Sheetal , Sharma Sonal , Shrivastava Neeta 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Globally, Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers is used as an important component in herbal drug formulations for liver health. The present study is aimed to develop a suitable analytical approach for simultaneous analysis of three flavonoids (rutin, deguelin and rotenone) to establish quality control methods for plant. A novel High-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA) method has been developed to quantify these flavonoids in T. purpurea. The method was validated, and data were subjected to chemometric analysis to select most optimal marker compound. The method that was found linear with R2 values ranges from 0.996 to 0.998 with good recoveries. Intra- and inter-day precision values were &lt;2. HPLC analysis revealed high level of chemodiversity. Quantity of all the three chemical markers was found significantly disparate in samples from different locations. Deguelin was detectable only in three out of total eight samples. However, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis was found sufficiently sensitive to detect all the compounds in all samples. Thus, results suggest to apply combination of approaches to enhance confidence in chromatographic methods for quality control of herbal drugs. Principal component analysis ranked the markers as Rutin&gt;Rotenone&gt;Deguelin. This comprehensive approach employing multichromatography platforms can be successfully utilized in analysis of these bioactive markers and routine standardization of herbal material and formulations containing T. purpurea.
Children Exposed or Unexposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index During the First 5 Years of Life—A Danish Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Moseholm Ellen , Helleberg Marie , Sandholdt Håkon , Katzenstein Terese L , Storgaard Merete , Pedersen Gitte , Johansen Isik S , Weis Nina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundExposures to human immunodeficiency (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy in utero may have adverse effects on infant growth. Among children born in Denmark and aged 0–5 years, we aimed to compare anthropometric outcomes in HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children with those in children not exposed to HIV.MethodsIn a nationwide register-based study we included all singleton HEU children born in Denmark in 2000–2016. HEU children were individually matched by child sex, parity, and maternal place of birth to 5 singleton controls born to mothers without HIV. Weight-for-age z (WAZ) scores, length-for-age z (LAZ) scores, and weight-for-length or body mass index–for–age z scores were generated according to the World Health Organization standards and the Fenton growth chart for premature infants. Differences in mean z scores were analyzed using linear mixed models, both univariate and adjusted for social and maternal factors.ResultsIn total, 485 HEU children and 2495 HIV-unexposed controls were included. Compared with controls, HEU children were smaller at birth, with an adjusted difference in mean WAZ and LAZ scores of −0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], −.46 to −.12) and −0.51 (95% CI, −.71 to −.31), respectively (both P ≤ .001). Over time, there was a trend toward increasing WAZ and LAZ scores in HEU children, and there was no significant difference in adjusted WAZ scores after age 14 days (−0.13 [95% CI, −.27 to .01]; P = .07) and LAZ scores after age 6 months (−0.15 [95% CI, −.32 to .02]; P = .08).ConclusionCompared with a matched control group, HEU children were smaller at birth, but this difference decreased with time and is not considered to have a negative effect on the health and well-being of HEU children during early childhood.
Criteria for surveys: from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging Scientific Initiatives Committee
Authors: Haugaa Kristina H , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Cameli Matteo , D'Andrea Antonello , Dweck Marc R , Carvalho Ricardo Fontes , Holte Espen , Manka Robert , Michalski Blazej , Podlesnikar Tomaz , Popescu Bogdan A , Schulz-Menger Jeanette , Sitges Marta , Stankovic Ivan , Maurer Gerald , Edvardsen Thor 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of professional excellence in all aspects of cardiovascular imaging. The mission of the EACVI is to promote excellence in clinical diagnosis, research, technical development, and education in cardiovascular imaging with a particular focus on education, training, scientific initiatives, and research. The EACVI established the Scientific Initiatives Committee (SIC) in December 2018. This committee has responsibility for surveys among imagers, patients’ surveys and surveys including data from clinical practice. The current document describes the aims of the EACVI SIC and the creation of the international EACVI survey network. This document summarizes the EACVI's standards for the survey questions and standards for writing the papers with the results of the surveys. These are in accordance with previous recommendations and were approved by the EACVI SIC and the EACVI Board in 2019.
Activation of local innate immune signal induces periodontitis in microbiota-dependent manner
Authors: Wang Nan , Xia Dengsheng 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Both inflammation and dysbiosis have been implicated in periodontitis development. However, the relationship between local inflammation and dysbiosis, and the precise roles of local inflammation in periodontitis are not well-elucidated. In present study, we explored the role of local inflammation in periodontitis. We established a periodontitis model by administration of Pam3CSK4 to local oral area and compared the difference of outcome between local and systemic administration. We monitored the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, local inflammation and alveolar bone loss. We also evaluated the dysbiosis, NF-κB activation. Local but not systemic administration of Pam3CSK4-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines productions and finally resulted in periodontitis. Pam3CSK4 caused dysbiosis and promoted Porphyromonas gingivalis growth. The bacterial growth and NF-κB activation were required for Pam3CSK4-induced periodontitis. We evaluated the effect of local inflammation by inducing TLR2 activation on dysbiosis and periodontitis. Activation of local innate immune signal induces periodontitis in microbiota-dependent manner.
New constraints on the 1922 Atacama, Chile, earthquake from Historical seismograms
Authors: Kanamori Hiroo , Rivera Luis , Ye Lingling , Lay Thorne , Murotani Satoko , Tsumura Kenshiro 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYWe recently found the original Omori seismograms recorded at Hongo, Tokyo, of the 1922 Atacama, Chile, earthquake (MS = 8.3) in the historical seismogram archive of the Earthquake Research Institute (ERI) of the University of Tokyo. These recordings enable a quantitative investigation of long-period seismic radiation from the 1922 earthquake. We document and provide interpretation of these seismograms together with a few other seismograms from Mizusawa, Japan, Uppsala, Sweden, Strasbourg, France, Zi-ka-wei, China and De Bilt, Netherlands. The 1922 event is of significant historical interest concerning the cause of tsunami, discovery of G wave, and study of various seismic phase and first-motion data. Also, because of its spatial proximity to the 1943, 1995 and 2015 great earthquakes in Chile, the 1922 event provides useful information on similarity and variability of great earthquakes on a subduction-zone boundary. The 1922 source region, having previously ruptured in 1796 and 1819, is considered to have significant seismic hazard. The focus of this paper is to document the 1922 seismograms so that they can be used for further seismological studies on global subduction zones. Since the instrument constants of the Omori seismographs were only incompletely documented, we estimate them using the waveforms of the observed records, a calibration pulse recorded on the seismogram and the waveforms of better calibrated Uppsala Wiechert seismograms. Comparison of the Hongo Omori seismograms with those of the 1995 Antofagasta, Chile, earthquake (Mw = 8.0) and the 2015 Illapel, Chile, earthquake (Mw = 8.3) suggests that the 1922 event is similar to the 1995 and 2015 events in mechanism (i.e. on the plate boundary megathrust) and rupture characteristics (i.e. not a tsunami earthquake) with Mw = 8.6 ± 0.25. However, the initial fine scale rupture process varies significantly from event to event. The G1 and G2, and R1 and R2 of the 1922 event are comparable in amplitude, suggesting a bilateral rupture, which is uncommon for large megathrust earthquakes.
The Effects of Temporal Variation on Fitness, Functional Traits, and Species Distribution Patterns
Authors: Emery Nancy C , La Rosa Raffica J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTemporal variation is a powerful source of selection on life history strategies and functional traits in natural populations. Theory predicts that the rate and predictability of fluctuations should favor distinct strategies, ranging from phenotypic plasticity to bet-hedging, which are likely to have important consequences for species distribution patterns and their responses to environmental change. To date, we have few empirical studies that test those predictions in natural systems, and little is known about how genetic, environmental, and developmental factors interact to define the “fluctuation niche” of species in temporally variable environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of hydrological variability on fitness and functional trait variation in three closely related plant species in the genus Lasthenia that occupy different microhabitats within vernal pool landscapes. Using a controlled greenhouse experiment, we manipulated the mean and variability in hydrological conditions by growing plants at different depths with respect to a shared water table and manipulating the magnitude of stochastic fluctuations in the water table over time. We found that all species had similarly high relative fitness above the water table, but differed in their sensitivities to water table fluctuations. Specifically, the two species from vernal pools basins, where soil moisture is controlled by a perched water table, were negatively affected by the stochasticity treatments. In contrast, a species from the upland habitat surrounding vernal pools, where stochastic precipitation events control soil moisture variation, was insensitive to experimental fluctuations in the water table. We found strong signatures of genetic, environmental (plastic), and developmental variation in four traits that can influence plant hydrological responses. Three of these traits varied across plant development and among experimental treatments in directions that aligned with constitutive differences among species, suggesting that multiple sources of variation align to facilitate phenotypic matching with the hydrological environment in Lasthenia. We found little evidence for predicted patterns of phenotypic plasticity and bet-hedging in species and traits from predictable and stochastic environments, respectively. We propose that selection for developmental shifts in the hydrological traits of Lasthenia species has reduced or modified selection for plasticity at any given stage of development. Collectively, these results suggest that variation in species’ sensitivities to hydrological stochasticity may explain why vernal pool Lasthenia species do not occur in upland habitat, and that all three species integrate genetic, environmental, and developmental information to manage the unique patterns of temporal hydrological variation in their respective microhabitats.
Thermoprofile Parameters Affect Survival of Megachile rotundata During Exposure to Low-Temperatures
Authors: Yocum George D , Rinehart Joseph P , Rajamohan Arun , Bowsher Julia H , Yeater Kathleen M , Greenlee Kendra J 
Published: July 2019

AbstractInsects exposed to low temperature stress can experience chill injury, but incorporating fluctuating thermoprofiles increases survival and blocks the development of sub-lethal effects. The specific parameters required for a protective thermoprofile are poorly understood, because most studies test a limited range of thermoprofiles. For example, thermoprofiles with a wave profile may perform better than a square profile, but these two profiles are rarely compared. In this study, two developmental stages of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, eye-pigmented pupae, and emergence-ready adults, were exposed to one of eight thermoprofiles for up to 8 weeks. All the thermoprofiles had a base of 6°C and a peak temperature of either 12°C or 18°C. The duration at peak temperature varied depending on the shape of the thermoprofile, either square or wave form. Two other treatments acted as controls, a constant 6°C and a fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) with a base temperature of 6°C that was interrupted daily by a single, 1-h pulse at 20°C. Compared with constant 6°C, all the test thermoprofiles significantly improved survival. Compared with the FTR control, the thermoprofiles with a peak temperature of 18°C outperformed the 12°C profiles. Bees in the eye-pigmented stage exposed to the 18°C profiles separated into two groups based on the shape of the profile, with higher survival in the square profiles compared with the wave profiles. Bees in the emergence-ready stage exposed to 18°C profiles all had significantly higher survival than bees in the FTR controls. Counter to expectations, the least ecologically relevant thermoprofiles (square) had the highest survival rates and blocked the development of sub-lethal effects (delayed emergence).