bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved wood properties via two-step grafting with itaconic acid (IA) and nano-SiO2
Authors: Han Xiaoshuai , Yin Yihui , Zhang Qinqin , Li Ren , Pu Junwen 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Itaconic acid (IA) with its trifunctional structure was first introduced into the wood cell lumen and cell wall, which functions as a grafting anchor for fixing various polymers via strong chemical bonds. Then nano-SiO2 was grafted to the IA-modified wood. Field-emission scanning electron microscope revealed that the grafting experiment was successful and that the modified cell wall thickness increased by 65%. The incorporated hydrophobic nano-SiO2 substructure reduced the wood’s hygroscopicity and improved its dimensional stability. The thermal stability of the new composite was also excellent. The presented approach is simple and efficient and the probability is high that it can be up-scaled to a level of a large-scale engineering material.
Investigation of the prevalence and causes and of legal abortion of teenage married mothers in Iran
Authors: Ghodrati Fatemeh , Saadatmand Narges , Gholamzadeh Saeid , Akbarzadeh Marzieh 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe therapeutic abortion law, in accordance with the fatwa issued by our Muslim jurisprudent approved by the parliament in 2005, has made major developments in dealing with cases of therapeutic abortions.ObjectiveThis study aimed at identifying the prevalence and causes of therapeutic abortion requests to the Legal Medicine Organization of Fars province, Shiraz, by pregnant teenager mothers.MethodsThis study was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive survey. In this study, all documents related to therapeutic abortion requests from the Legal Medicine Organization of Fars province (southern Iran) from 2006 to 2013 were investigated. The total sample size included 1664, out of which 142 were teenagers. Sampling was carried out using Convenience method. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, version 16, descriptive statistics and χ2.ResultsIn this study, 142 mothers were under 20 years of age (8.5%). The prevalence of fetal abortion license requests was 110 (78.6%) and for maternal causes was 30 (21.4%). There was no significant statistical correlation between fetal causes in different years (p = 0.083).The most common causes of fetal abortion request were for thalassemia treatment in 78 cases (79.9%) followed by fetal malformations (20.9%); also, the most common maternal cause was thalassemia in 14 cases (51.9%) and depression in three cases (1.11%), respectively.ConclusionOur results showed that after approval of therapeutic abortion law, requests for therapeutic abortion due to fetal causes are extensively increasing. There is still a need for coordination of judicial, medical and legal authorities for prompt notification.
Effect of communication skills based group counseling on mothers’ sex dialogue with their adolescent daughters
Authors: Ziaei Tayebe , Ghanbari Gorji Maryam , Behnampour Naser , Rezaei Aval Masumeh 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Sex dialogue is one of the most critical and challenging topics between mothers and adolescents. The knowledge and skills of mothers in sex dialogue with their daughters are essential. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of group counseling based on communication skills on mothers through their sex dialogue with their daughters.

Methods
A randomized controlled field trial was conducted on 168 couples of mothers and their daughters selected by the stratified matching method and randomly divided into two control and intervention groups. The mothers in the intervention group participated in a communication-based consultation in groups consisting of 6–12 people for 6–7 weekly sessions, each one lasting 60 min. The data collection tool was a Persian-translated questionnaire by Jaccard for sex dialogue between mother and daughter. The data were analyzed using Chi-square (χ2), ANOVA with repeated measures and modified post hoc Bonferroni tests.

Results
There was a significant difference in the mean score of mother-daughter sex dialogue 1 week after intervention between the intervention (34.48 ± 8.74) and control (40.44 ± 9.49) groups (p = 0.001) and 1 month after the intervention between the intervention (30.41 ± 10.07) and control (42.47 ± 9.62) groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Through applying communication skills, an increase in mother-daughter sex dialogue frequency was observed after group counseling. Therefore, it is suggested to promote mother-daughter communication skills by accessing the mothers via schools, health centers and with the aid of midwifery counselors, midwives and other trained caretakers.
Facilitating factors of self-care among HIV-positive young women in Iran: a qualitative study
Authors: Oskouie Fatemeh , Kashefi Farzaneh , Rafii Forough , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Vahid-Dastjerdi Marzieh 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background
Providing care for chronic disease such as HIV is a growing challenge in the world. In order to address the challenges of linkage and care in chronic disease management, we need to identify factors that can influence people to get more involved in self-care. This study was part of an extensive qualitative study conducted in Tehran, Iran in 2016.

Methods
The data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted on 25 women with HIV, and were analyzed using grounded theory. Four main themes were identified as facilitating self-care among participants: health system support, clinicians’ support, family support and improved life expectancy. Sub-themes that emerged were free HIV tests; free medication; free membership in positive clubs; free psychological consultation; positive attitudes and friendly behavior from clinic staff; telephone follow up; support from husbands, mothers and peers; hope for recovery; hope for the future; and love for own children.

Results
Our results showed that, providing appropriate support and services, as well as a positive attitude of society towards HIV positive women, can contribute to adherence to self-care in young women with HIV.

Conclusion
Understanding the facilitating factors based on the patients’ experiences can contribute to the development of new policies and procedures to improve the care of these patients.
Predicting high school students’ health-promoting lifestyle: a test of the information, motivation, behavioral skills model
Authors: Molaifard Asieh , Mohamadian Hashem , Haghighi Zadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackground and aimExpenditure on adolescents’ health promotion is critical to enhancing quality of life and fundamental for the prosperity of countries. This study tried to investigate the relationships between information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model constructs as predictors of high school student’s health-promoting lifestyle (HPL) in Southwest Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 400 students in Southwest Iran. Sample size required for this study was obtained using Soper’s structural equation modeling (SEM) calculator. The stratified random sampling method was used in this study. A path analysis was taken to evaluate the HPL main determinants utilizing SEM.ResultsInformation only had a significant indirect relationship with adolescents’ HPL. But, both motivation and behavioral skills constructs had significant direct and indirect relationship with adolescents’ HPL. The behavioral skill construct was the most imperative predictor variable. In general, behavioral skills construct (75%), motivation (66%) and knowledge (50%) constructs had the highest impact on HPL. The IMB model was able to explain 71% of the variance in adolescents’ HPL.ConclusionThe findings of the study showed that the IMB model was appropriate for explaining adolescents’ HPL. It is necessary that actions are taken to improve behavioral skills and promote adolescents’ HPL.
Microgrid Architecture Evaluation for Small and Medium Size Industries
Authors: Bandeiras Filipe , Gomes Mário , Coelho Paulo , Fernandes José , Camacho Antonio , Castilla Miguel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe content of this paper addresses possible approaches that will eventually allow the development of microgrids for small and medium size industries on a massive scale. Therefore, it addresses in a comprehensive way, the most suitable communication technologies for microgrids in this type of enterprises. Several energy sources that can be implemented in industrial microgrids are also briefly addressed, including generation and storage units frequently adopted for power supply in small scale distribution grids. The overview of communication technologies and energy sources takes into account the financial limitations of small enterprises with the purpose of assisting the study of industrial microgrid architectures. In addition, a case study is presented in order to observe how a centralized and a decentralized deployment of energy sources affect the performance of a small or medium scale industrial microgrid. Since this sector is very important for the development of modern societies, it should make use of the most advanced infrastructures in order to be more sustainable, both environmentally and competitively. The practical limitations applied to industrial microgrids (e.g., lack of standards in the grid codes, some unfit technological performance and amiss system design) shows that the subject presented in this paper deserves much more research and developments. Thus, this work demonstrates the importance of the development of the microgrid for the small and medium-sized enterprises sector.
Faculty Experiences with Integrating Mandated High-Fidelity Human Patient Simulation (HF-HPS) Into Clinical Practice: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Press Madeline Maria , Prytula Michelle 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundHigh fidelity human patient simulation (HF-HPS) is a teaching innovation in nursing education which may not be used to its full potential. This study seeks to understand the lived experiences of nurse faculty who are required to integrate HF-HPS into their teaching practice.MethodA phenomenological methodology was used. Seventeen female nurse faculty teaching in the second year of a new collaborative bachelor of science in nursing program were interviewed about their experiences integrating mandated HF-HPS into their teaching practices.ResultsSix themes describing the participants’ experiences were identified: striving for self-efficacy, struggling to maintain autonomy, being part of a community of practice, adopting HF-HPS as a teaching innovation, being an advocate, and being proud. An emerging theme, being an outsider, was discussed.ConclusionThis research has implications for nurse faculty and educational administrators integrating a new teaching innovation.
Blood troponin levels in acute cardiac events depends on space weather activity components (a correlative study)
Authors: Stoupel Eliiyahu , Radishauskas Richardas , Bernotiene Gailute , Tamoshiunas Abdonas , Virvichiute Daiva 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background:
Many biological processes are influenced by space weather activity components such as solar activity (SA), geomagnetic activity (GMA) and cosmic ray activity (CRA). Examples are total mortality, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), stroke (cerebrovascular accident), sudden cardiac death, some congenital maladies (congenital heart disease and Down syndrome), many events in neonatology, ophtalmology, blood pressure regulation, blood coagulation, inflammation, etc. The aim of this study was to check if the level of blood troponins (Tns) – markers of myocardial damage and recognized components of modern description of AMI – is connected with the mentioned space weather parameters.

Methods:
Patients admitted to a 3000-bed tertiary university hospital in Kaunas, Lithuania, with suspected AMI were the object of the study. Data for the time between 2008 and 2013 – 72 consecutive months – were studied. Of the patients, 1896 (1398 male, 498 female) had elevated troponin I (Tn I) or troponin T (Tn T, sensitive Tn) levels. Normal values were 0.00–0.03 ng/mL for Tn I and 0.00–14.00 ng/mL for Tn T. Monthly means and standard deviation of Tn I and Tn T were compared with monthly markers of SA, GMA and CRA. Pearson correlation coefficients and their probabilities were established (in addition to the consecutive graphs of both comparing physical and biological data). The cosmophysical data came from space service institutions in the United States, Russia and Finland.

Results:
AMI was diagnosed in 1188 patients (62.66%), and intermediate coronary syndrome in 698 patients (36.81%). There were significant links of the Tn blood levels with four SA indices and CRA (neutron activity in imp/min); there was no significant correlation with GMA indices Ap and Cp (p=0.27 and p=0.235). Tn T levels significantly correlated with the GMA indices and not with the SA and CRA levels (Ap: r=0.77, p=0.0021; Cp: r=0.729, p=0.0047).

Conclusions:
First, the monthly level of blood Tn I in ACS is significantly correlated with the indices of SA (inverse) and with CRA (neutron); second, no significant correlation with the GMA indices was found; and third, the Tn T levels showed significant links with the GMA indices and none with SA and CRA (neutron).
Losartan improves renal function and pathology in obese ZSF-1 rats
Authors: Su Zhi , Widomski Deborah , Nikkel Arthur , Leys Laura , Namovic Marian , Donnelly-Roberts Diana , Gopalakrishnan Murali , McGaraughty Steve 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background:
Losartan, a blocker of the angiotensin II type I receptor, is an important part of the standard of care for diabetic nephropathy (DN). The obese ZSF-1 rats display many aspects of the clinical features of human Type II DN. The current study was designed to examine the treatment effects of losartan on obese ZSF-1 rats and to evaluate the impact of the onset of dosing on efficacy.

Methods:
The rats (7–10 weeks) underwent a right uninephrectomy (Unx) or sham surgery. Losartan (3, 10, 30 mg/kg) was dosed 3 or 9 weeks post-Unx and continued for 12 weeks.

Results:
Treatment with losartan reduced urinary protein excretion and blood lipids (triglyceride and cholesterol) dose-dependently in both studies. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was significantly lower in obese ZSF-1 rats compared with those in lean rats, and losartan was efficacious against this endpoint, in particular with the earlier onset of treatment. Losartan also decreased tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and similar to GFR, earlier treatment conferred beneficial actions even at the lowest dose of 3 mg/kg. Several urinary biomarkers were elevated in the obese ZSF-1 rats, but the levels of sTNFR1, TIMP-1, L-FABP and KIM-1 were the only markers decreased by losartan.

Conclusions:
Losartan was renoprotective in the ZSF-1 rats with DN, improving both the pathological and functional parameters of the disease. Importantly, the data also highlight the importance of treatment at earlier stages of the disease for protecting against decline in the GFR and the development of fibrosis.
Vitamin D deficiency in childhood: old lessons and current challenges
Authors: Antonucci Roberto , Locci Cristian , Clemente Maria Grazia , Chicconi Elena , Antonucci Luca 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Hypovitaminosis D in childhood is a re-emerging public health problem in developed countries. New life style habits, current “epidemics” of obesity in children and adolescents worldwide, and other preventable risk factors may play a role in favoring the occurrence of vitamin D deficiency. In addition to skeletal consequences, hypovitaminosis D has been found to be involved in the development of serious health extra-skeletal problems in childhood, including atopy and autoimmunity. The increasing concerns about the global health impact of vitamin D deficiency make further research necessary to fill the gaps of knowledge in this field, and particularly to establish universally accepted “normal” serum 25(OH)D levels in the pediatric population, and to improve strategies for the screening, prevention and treatment of hypovitaminosis D. This review discusses the key points of hypovitaminosis D in childhood in the light of new knowledge, and highlights the limitations of current strategies to control this condition.
Natural Kinds, Causal Profile and Multiple Constitution
Authors: Kistler Max 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe identity of a natural kind can be construed in terms of its causal profile. This conception is more appropriate to science than two alternatives. The identity of a natural kind is not determined by one causal role because one natural kind can have many causal roles and several functions and because some functions are shared by different kinds. Furthermore, the microstructuralist thesis is wrong: The identity of certain natural kinds is not determined by their microstructure. It is true that if A and B have the same microstructural composition then a sample of a chemical substance A is of the same chemical substance as a sample of B. However, the reverse does not hold. It is not the case that if a sample of a chemical substance A is of the same chemical substance as a sample of B then A and B have the same microstructural composition. This is because a macroscopic NK can be “multiconstituted” by different microstructures.
Crystal structural of 2-amino-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile, C17H16N2O3
Authors: Su Yi-Yan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C17H16N2O3, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.6539(4) Å, b = 16.7491(9) Å, c = 10.5511(5) Å, β = 104.304(5)°, V = 1481.92(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.043, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.121, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[aqua(μ2-1,3-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)propane-κ2
N:N′)-(μ2-5-(tert-butyl)isophthalate-κ3
O,O′:O′′)nickel(II)], C29H30N4NiO5
Authors: Zhou Zhan , Zhou Zhe , Jing Peng-Jing 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C29H30N4NiO5, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 10.0887(15) Å, b = 11.2076(17) Å, c = 13.277(2) Å, α = 87.780(2)°, β = 72.138(2)°, γ = 67.129(2)°, V = 1311.0(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0461, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1048, T = 296.15 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[(μ
2-dicyanamido-κ
2
N:N′)-(μ
2-2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-olato-κ
3
N,O:O′)copper(II)], C9H8CuN4O
Authors: Xiangqing Fang , Jiajia Xu , Qi Wu , Liguo Yang , Ya Li 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C9H8CuN4O, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.6740(6) Å, b = 8.6401(8) Å, c = 8.8869(9) Å, α = 109.201(2)°, β = 106.629(1)°, γ = 105.410(1)°, V = 489.21(8) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0406, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0993, T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly[diaqua-bis(μ2-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-carboxylato-κ2
N:O)nickel(II)] dihydrate, C16H18N4NiO8
Authors: Xin Wang , Qingyun Liu , Liguo Yang , Nana Liu , Yuqiang Dai 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C16H18N4NiO8, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.1598(8) Å, b = 8.7803(5) Å, c = 14.1809(11) Å, β = 118.197(1)°, V = 1773.32(19) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0220, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0598, T = 273(2) K.
Crystal structure of 9,10-dimethoxy-5,6-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinolino[3,2-a]isoquinolin-7-ium chloride — 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid — water (2/1/5), C48H54N2Cl2O17
Authors: Zhang Mei , Lou Benyong , Huang Xiaodong , Huang Yali 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C48H54N2Cl2O17, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 28.3651(8) Å, b = 22.8464(6) Å, c = 7.1341(2) Å, V = 4623.2(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0437, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1225, T = 100(2) K.
The crystal structure of 8-chloro-7-ethyl-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione, C9H11ClN4O2
Authors: Ali Syed Saeed , Al-Obaid Abdulrahman M. , Hosten Eric C. , Bari Ahmed 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C9H11ClN4O2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 8.9735(4) Å, b = 12.2946(7) Å, c = 19.3751(11) Å, V = 2137.6(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0355, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1087, T = 200(2) K.
Crystal structure of {5,5′-((propane-1,3-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(methanylylidene))bis(3-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,4-dimethylpyrrol-1-ido)-κ4
N,N′,N′′,N′′′}zinc(II), C23H30N4O4Cu
Authors: Han Xue-Feng , Yang Qing-Wen , Yang Miao , Wu Wei-Na 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C13H17N3OS, monoclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.746(6) Å, b = 12.344(9) Å, c = 12.655(9) Å, α = 95.766(7)°, β = 98.007(7)°, γ = 101.595(13)°, V = 1163.4(15) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0550, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1616, T = 296(2) K.
External Territorial Threats and Tolerance of Corruption: A Private/Government Distinction
Authors: Miller Steven V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhat makes individuals tolerate government corruption? Can citizens tolerate government corruption but be intolerant of corrupt behavior in society? I argue not all attitudes toward corruption are the same. External territorial threats elicit a tolerance of government corruption since citizens allow for government corruption when they are concerned for their security. However, citizens become intolerant of corruption in society because they view this as maximizing individual welfare at the expense of the common good (i.e. security). Using data from three unique cross-national surveys, I find that citizens under territorial threat are less likely to think corruption is an important problem, are more likely to tolerate government corruption, but are less likely to tolerate corruption by private citizens.
Melt processing of high alcoholysis poly(vinyl alcohol) with different polyol plasticizers
Authors: Xiang Aimin , Wang Hailiang , Liu Di , Ma Songbai , Zhang Xing , Tian Huafeng 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Flexibile high hydrolysis degree poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films with different polyol plasticizers were obtained by melt processing in the presence of water, and the plasticizing effect of polyols was studied. The results showed that with the incorporation of polyols, the torque decreased, suggesting the improved melt flowing ability of PVA. Higher molecular weight polyols with more –OH groups exhibited higher efficiency to improve the melt flowing ability. The incorporation of polyol plasticizers did not change the crystalline structure of PVA but decreased crystalline degrees. The transmittance decreased with the increase in plasticizer content. The flexibility of PVA films was dramatically enhanced after being plasticized with polyols. The polyols with higher molecular weight possessed a higher stablity in PVA films and resulted in less weight loss during the thermal degradation process. It was suggested that a combination of different polyol plasticizers would be a better choice to obtain the PVA films with overall excellent properties.
Adsorption behavior of U(VI) on doped polyaniline: the effects of carbonate and its complexes
Authors: Liu Jun , Zhao Changsong , Yuan Guoyuan , Li Feize , Yang Jijun , Liao Jiali , Yang Yuanyou , Liu Ning 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In carbonate-buffer seawater or salt lake brines, three main uranium complexes, U(VI)-CO3 and Ca/Mg-U(VI)-CO3 complexes had been highlighted so far. In this paper, the effects of carbonate and its complexes on U(VI) adsorption onto doped polyaniline (PANI) were investigated using batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption equilibrium of U(VI) on doped PANI was reached within 30 min of contact time when U(VI)-CO3 complexes dominated the aqueous chemistry. Pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm models indicated that adsorption occurred on the homogeneous surface via monolayer chemisorption. Moreover, the increase in pHinitial, dissolved carbonate, calcium and magnesium concentrations could suppress the uranium adsorption process. The adsorption mechanisms under the weakly basic conditions were primarily involved in uranium anion species adsorption on nitrogen-containing functional groups instead of the anion exchange reactive sites on the doped PANI surface sites, whereas the U(VI)-CO3 complexes had a greater affinity than the Ca/Mg-U(VI)-CO3 complexes. The findings of this study are significant for the extraction of uranium resources from salt lake brines or seawater and for the prediction of uranium adsorption behaviors in weakly basic solution environments.