bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interplay between firms’ internal and external capabilities in exploration and exploitation
Authors: Camisón César , Boronat-Navarro Montserrat , Forés Beatriz 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to enrich the explanation of the interplay between internal and external – or district shared – exploration and exploitation capabilities as antecedents of a firm’s radical and incremental innovation. Previous studies do not differentiate between exploration and exploitation in district shared capabilities and how they interact with internal capabilities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses hierarchical regression analysis to test the quadratic and moderating effects in a sample of 1,019 Spanish firms.FindingsResults show an increasingly positive effect on radical innovation of exploration capabilities, enhanced by shared capabilities in exploration. In the case of incremental innovation, the study finds evidence of an increasingly positive influence of exploitation capabilities and a concave relationship of exploration capabilities. Moreover, shared exploitation capabilities weaken the effect of internal exploitation capabilities and also have a direct effect on incremental innovation. Therefore, the two capabilities are interchangeable in the effect they have on incremental innovation.Practical implicationsDepending on the firm’s innovation strategy, intra-district firms should develop specific capabilities and/or concentrate on adopting the shared capabilities in the destination.Originality/valueThe study furthers the understanding of the relationship between exploration and radical innovation, and between exploitation and incremental innovation, which is more complex than previously depicted. The study also differentiates between exploration and exploitation in shared capabilities, enriching understanding of the competitiveness of district firms.
Corporate entrepreneurship and business performance
Authors: Umrani Waheed Ali , Kura Kabiru Maitama , Ahmed Umair 
Published: February 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between corporate entrepreneurship (CE), organizational culture (OC) and business performance (BP). Additionally, the study has attempted to address the moderating influence of OC on CE–BP relationship.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from middle managers of Big Five banks of Pakistan. A two-step approach to structural equation modeling was used. Using confirmatory factor analysis, the measurement model fit was determined. The significance of the theoretical relationship was assessed using structural model.FindingsThe results have supported the hypothesized direct and moderated relationship.Originality/valueThe present study extends the body of knowledge in testing the resource-based view of the firm theory and contingency theory through providing empirical evidence on the hypothesized relationships. Additionally, the study has contributed in the existing theory through evaluating the moderating of OC by using interaction effect in partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).
Convection vs vapour phase reflow in LED and BGA assembly
Authors: Dziurdzia Barbara , Sobolewski Maciej , Mikolajek Janusz 
Published: February 2018

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to evaluate using statistical methods how two soldering techniques – the convection reflow and vapour phase reflow with vacuum – influence reduction of voids in lead-free solder joints under Light Emitted Diodes (LEDs) and Ball Grid Arrays (BGAs).

Design/methodology/approach
Distribution of voids in solder joints under thermal and electrical pads of LEDs and in solder balls of BGAs assembled with convection reflow and vapour phase reflow with vacuum has been investigated in terms of coverage or void contents, void diameters and number of voids. For each soldering technology, 80 LEDs and 32 solder balls in BGAs were examined. Soldering processes were carried out in the industrial or semi-industrial environment. The OM340 solder paste of Innolot type was used for LED soldering. Voidings in solder joints were inspected with a 2D X-ray transmission system. OriginLab was used for statistical analysis.

Findings
Investigations supported by statistical analysis showed that the vapour phase reflow with vacuum decreases significantly void contents and number and diameters of voids in solder joints under LED and BGA packages when compared to convection reflow.

Originality/value
Voiding distribution data were collected on the basis of 2D X-ray images for test samples manufactured during the mass production processes. Statistical analysis enabled to appraise soldering technologies used in these processes in respect of void formation.
Private land conservation has landscape‐scale benefits for wildlife in agroecosystems
Authors: Yeiser John M. , Morgan John J. , Baxley Danna L. , Chandler Richard B. , Martin James A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrivate lands contain much of the world's biodiversity. Conservation of private land, especially agricultural land, is urgent yet challenging because of the diverse priorities of landowners. Local effects of farmland conservation programmes have been evaluated thoroughly, but population‐level response to these programmes may depend on effects that extend beyond targeted land parcels. We investigated the landscape‐scale effects of a grassland conservation initiative, the Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), on a socially and economically important game bird, the Northern BobwhiteColinus virginianus.Barriers to assessing population‐level response to conservation include determining the spatial scale at which a species responds to environmental change (the scale of effect) and untangling density‐dependent processes. We performed point counts over 6 years at 247 sites with similar local CREP density but varying landscape‐scale CREP density. We used an open‐population distance sampling model to evaluate population response to landscape‐level CREP density and to forecast population densities under differing re‐enrolment scenarios. Our model included kernel smoothing techniques to estimate scale of effect and an estimator of the strength of density dependence.Density dependence moderated the effectiveness of the CREP, but overall populations responded positively to increasing landscape‐scale CREP density. We estimated that at least 5% of the landscape needs to be in CREP to meet population density goals of 0.25 bobwhite/ha. Conservatively, we recommend 10% of the landscape to be in CREP. Our percent cover recommendations are based on a distance‐weighted average of CREP around focal sites.Landscape‐scale effects diminished with distance. For example, assuming all else is equal, a CREP field 3,000 m away had 88% less of an effect on local abundance than a field 1,000 m away. Fields farther than 5,000 m away had no effect on local abundance.Synthesis and applications. Our study underscores the importance of a landscape‐scale approach to farmland conservation. Benefits of these programmes to wildlife can extend beyond the local scale, but their importance to local populations diminishes with distance. Estimating this relationship and incorporating it into a decision framework could help practitioners target land enrolment to meet broadscale population objectives.
Plant functional diversity modulates global environmental change effects on grassland productivity
Authors: Xu Zhuwen , Li Mai‐He , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Li Shao‐Peng , Li Hui , Ren Haiyan , Sun Hao , Han Xingguo , Jiang Yong , Jiang Lin 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Although much research has explored changes in ecosystem functions associated with global environmental changes, the mechanistic pathways behind the observed changes remain poorly understood.

Using an 11‐year experiment that increased growing season precipitation and nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe, we explored the relative importance of direct and indirect environmental change effects on plant primary productivity.

We show that increases in water and nitrogen availability influenced plant productivity via both direct and indirect pathways. While both treatments stimulated plant productivity, changes in plant productivity cannot be explained by observed changes in species or phylogenetic diversity. Instead, the indirect effects of water and nitrogen addition were through their positive effects on plant functional diversity. Importantly, while the increase in one component of functional diversity (community‐level weighted mean of plant stature) resulted in increased productivity, the increase in another component of functional diversity (functional dispersion) resulted in decreased productivity.

Synthesis. Our study provides the first evidence for the opposite effects of community‐weighted means and functional dispersion of plant functional traits on grassland productivity and highlights the importance of both traits of dominant species and trait distribution among species in modulating the effects of global changes on ecosystem functions.
How to quantify competitive ability
Authors: Hart Simon P. , Freckleton Robert P. , Levine Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Understanding the role of competition in structuring communities requires that we quantify competitive ability in a way that permits us to predict the outcome of competition over the long term. Given such a clear goal for a process that has been the focus of ecological research for decades, there is surprisingly little consensus on how to measure competitive ability, with up to 50 different metrics currently proposed.

Using competitive population dynamics as a foundation, we define competitive ability—the ability of one species to exclude another—using quantitative theoretical models of population dynamics to isolate the key parameters that are known to predict competitive outcomes.

Based on the definition of competitive ability we identify the empirical requirements and describe straightforward methods for quantifying competitive ability in future empirical studies. In doing so, our analysis also allows us to identify why many existing approaches to studying competition are unsuitable for quantifying competitive ability.

Synthesis. Competitive ability is precisely defined starting from models of competitive population dynamics. Quantifying competitive ability in a theoretically justified manner is straightforward using experimental designs readily applied to studies of competition in the laboratory and field.
Not just things: the roles of objects at the end of life
Authors: Cleeve Helena , Tishelman Carol , Macdonald Alastair , Lindqvist Olav , Goliath Ida 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhile the study of objects in care contexts is an emerging research field, it is largely overlooked in end of life (EoL) care. In this study, we empirically and inductively explore the roles of objects at the EoL from the perspective of bereaved family members. Open individual interviews were conducted with 25 family members recruited from palliative in‐patient and homecare units, as well as residential care facilities. After verbatim transcription, the interviews were analysed thematically. Based on these interviews, we conceptualise the roles of objects as relating to temporality, transformations of the everyday, and care. Through analysis we offer two main insights, the first relating to interdependency between objects and people, and the second to the recognition of objects as simultaneously flexible and stable in this interdependent relationship. The capacity and challenge of objects as part of EoL care lies in their ability to encompass various viewpoints and relationships simultaneously. This might provide valuable insights for staff caring for dying persons and their families. We propose that staff's ability to navigate objects in care practices could be meaningful in supporting the relationships between individuals in EoL situations.
Web Content Management Systems: An Analysis of Forensic Investigatory Challenges
Authors: Horsman Graeme 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWith an increase in the creation and maintenance of personal websites, web content management systems are now frequently utilized. Such systems offer a low cost and simple solution for those seeking to develop an online presence, and subsequently, a platform from which reported defamatory content, abuse, and copyright infringement has been witnessed. This article provides an introductory forensic analysis of the three current most popular web content management systems available, WordPress, Drupal, and Joomla! Test platforms have been created, and their site structures have been examined to provide guidance for forensic practitioners facing investigations of this type. Result's document available metadata for establishing site ownership, user interactions, and stored content following analysis of artifacts including Wordpress's wp_users, and wp_comments tables, Drupal's “watchdog” records, and Joomla!'s _users, and _content tables. Finally, investigatory limitations documenting the difficulties of investigating WCMS usage are noted, and analysis recommendations are offered.
Complementary role of MRI and positron emission tomography in diagnosing cerebral abscess in a patient with metastatic paraganglioma
Authors: Lasocki Arian , Hicks Rodney J 
Published: February 2018

SummaryTechnological advances have increased the ability of imaging to provide an accurate preoperative diagnosis of an intracranial mass. We present the case of a patient with metastatic paraganglioma, who presented with headache and depressed conscious state. We had chronic tachycardia and low‐grade fevers due to increased catecholamine secretion, which limited his clinical assessment. The combination of novel positron emission tomography tracers and advanced magnetic resonance imaging techniques was able to provide a confident preoperative diagnosis of a pyogenic intracranial abscess, which was not suspected clinically. This allowed appropriate therapy to be instituted until the patient's clinical state improved sufficiently for neurosurgery to be performed.
Rhizobacteria improve sugarcane growth and photosynthesis under well‐watered conditions
Authors: Rampazzo P.E. , Marcos F.C.C. , Cipriano M.A.P. , Marchiori P.E.R. , Freitas S.S. , Machado E.C. , Nascimento L.C. , Brocchi M. , Ribeiro R.V. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMorpho‐physiological changes caused by particular plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria were evaluated in sugarcane plants under varying water availability. Under well‐watered conditions, we have found one rhizobacteria isolate (IAC‐RBcr5) able to enhance root dry matter and photosynthesis of sugarcane plants. The IAC‐RBcr5 genome was sequenced and high similarity was found with Pseudomonas putida GB‐1. Based on increased root system size of inoculated plants, we hypothesised that sugarcane plants inoculated with IAC‐RBcr5 would have improved performance under water deficit. Although IAC‐RBcr5 had improved plant leaf CO2 assimilation under water shortage, inoculation caused reduction of biomass accumulation in sugarcane. The negative influence of water deficit on shoot growth rate and root traits such as volume, area, diameter, length and specific root area was higher in plants treated with IAC‐RBcr5 as compared to non‐inoculated ones. However, rhizobacteria‐induced improvements in leaf and root proline contents would represent a strategy for storing carbon and nitrogen during low water availability and helping both organisms to resume their metabolism after rehydration. In conclusion, we found and identified a rhizobacterium able to improve growth and photosynthesis of sugarcane plants. Such benefit for plant growth was lost under low water availability as a likely consequence of increased carbon‐energy demand by rhizobacteria and their sensitivity to drought.
Trust in, trust out: a real cost of sudden and significant financial loss
Authors: Bruhn Aaron 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study examines the loss of trust that occurs when individuals suffer from sudden and significant financial loss. We use a qualitative case study to show that individuals lose trust in a range of parties, including financial advisors, banks, credit providers, government and perhaps most damagingly of all, oneself. Such outcomes are concerning as all financial services are based on trust between various parties, and trust is important in making financial decisions. A lack of trust can lead to poorer individual and societal outcomes. It also suggests that trends to financial self‐sufficiency have risks, which impact well beyond monetary losses.
Not all smokers appear to seek nicotine for the same reasons: implications for preclinical research in nicotine dependence
Authors: Garcia‐Rivas Vernon , Deroche‐Gamonet Véronique 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTobacco use leads to 6 million deaths every year due to severe long‐lasting diseases. The main component of tobacco, nicotine, is recognized as one of the most addictive drugs, making smoking cessation difficult, even when 70 percent of smokers wish to do so. Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated consistently that nicotine seeking is a complex behavior involving various psychopharmacological mechanisms. Evidence supports that the population of smokers is heterogeneous, particularly as regards the breadth of motives that determine the urge to smoke. Here, we review converging psychological, genetic and neurobiological data from clinical and preclinical studies supporting that the mechanisms controlling nicotine seeking may vary from individual to individual. It appears timely that basic neuroscience integrates this heterogeneity to refine our understanding of the neurobiology of nicotine seeking, as tremendous progress has been made in modeling the various psychopharmacological mechanisms driving nicotine seeking in rodents. For a better understanding of the mechanisms that drive nicotine seeking, we emphasize the need for individual‐based research strategies in which nicotine seeking, and eventually treatment efficacy, are determined while taking into account individual variations in the mechanisms of nicotine seeking.
The monoamine stabilizer (−)‐OSU6162 prevents the alcohol deprivation effect and improves motor impulsive behavior in rats
Authors: Fredriksson Ida , Wirf Malin , Steensland Pia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAlcohol craving, in combination with impaired impulse control, often leads to relapse. The dopamine system mediates the rewarding properties of alcohol but is also involved in regulating impulsive behavior. The monoamine stabilizer (−)‐OSU6162 (OSU6162) has the ability to stabilize dopamine activity depending on the prevailing dopaminergic tone and may therefore normalize the dopaminergic transmission regulating both alcohol use disorder and impulsivity. We have recently showed that OSU6162 attenuates voluntary alcohol consumption, operant alcohol self‐administration, alcohol withdrawal symptoms and cue‐induced reinstatement of alcohol seeking in rats. Here, we evaluated OSU6162's effects on motor impulsivity in Wistar rats that had voluntarily consumed alcohol or water for 10 weeks. The five‐choice serial reaction time task was used to measure motor impulsivity, and a prolonged waiting period (changed from 5 to 7 seconds) was applied to induce premature responses. OSU6162‐testing was conducted twice a week (Tuesdays and Fridays), every other week with regular baseline training sessions in between. We also tested OSU6162's effects on the alcohol deprivation effect in long‐term alcohol drinking Wistar rats. The results showed that OSU6162 (30 mg/kg) pre‐treatment significantly improved motor impulsivity in the five‐choice serial reaction time task in both alcohol and alcohol‐naïve rats. Moreover, OSU6162 (30 mg/kg) pre‐treatment prevented the alcohol deprivation effect, i.e. relapse‐like drinking behavior after a forced period of abstinence in long‐term drinking rats. In conclusion, our results provide further support for OSU6162 as a novel treatment for alcohol use disorder. The results further indicate that improvement of motor impulse control might be one mechanism behind OSU6162's ability to attenuate alcohol‐mediated behaviors.
The SET protein promotes androgen production in testicular Leydig cells
Authors: Zhang B. , Ma W. , Zhu Q. , Xu W. , Gao L. , Xu B. , Xu S. , Gao C. , Gao L. , Liu J. , Cui Y. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryApproximately 40% of middle‐aged men exhibit symptoms of late‐onset hypogonadism (LOH). However, the mechanism of androgen deficiency is still currently unclear. As shown in our previous studies, the SET protein is expressed in testicular Leydig cells and ovarian granule cells. This study was designed to investigate the effect of the SET protein on androgen production in Leydig cells. The AdCMV/SET and AdH1siRNA/SET adenoviruses were individually transduced into a cultured mouse Leydig cell line (mLTC‐1) with or without human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation in vitro. The primary mouse Leydig cells were used to confirm the main data from mLTC‐1 cells. The SET protein was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of mLTC‐1 cells. Testosterone production was significantly increased in mLTC‐1 cells overexpressing the SET protein compared with the control group (p < 0.05), whereas testosterone production was significantly decreased in the SET knockdown mLTC‐1 cells (p < 0.05). Consistent with the testosterone levels, the expression levels of the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) and cytochrome P450c17α‐hydroxylase (CYP17a1) mRNAs and proteins synchronously changed according to the expression level of the SET protein. Interestingly, the expression of the SET protein was significantly increased in the mLTC‐1 cells stimulated with 0.04 and 0.1 U/mL hCG. In the mLTC‐1 cells transfected with AdH1siRNA/SET and concurrently stimulated with 0.1 U/mL hCG, both testosterone production and StAR expression were significantly lower than in the cells without SET knockdown (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the SET protein participates in regulating testosterone production by increasing the expression of StAR and CYP17a1, and it may be a downstream factor of the classic luteinizing hormone (LH)/luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) signaling pathway. This study improves our understanding of the intracellular mechanism of testicular steroidogenesis and the pathophysiological mechanism of LOH in the aging male.
Positive Emotion Infusions: Can Savoring Increase Help‐Seeking Intentions among People with Depression?
Authors: Straszewski Tasha , Siegel Jason T. 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThe current research effort used two experimental studies to assess whether a savoring‐based, positive emotion infusion (PEI) could increase help‐seeking intentions among individuals with elevated depressive symptomatology and whether this relationship would be mediated by positive emotion, arousal, and perceptions of personal control.MethodsIn Study 1, participants with elevated depressive symptomatology, recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 135), were randomly assigned to complete a 6‐minute savoring or control writing task followed by a help‐seeking intentions scale. Study 2 participants (N = 136) were randomly assigned to the same tasks, but a scale assessing positive emotion, arousal, and personal control was added.ResultsStudy 1 indicated a direct effect; those who savored reported greater help‐seeking intentions compared to control participants. Study 2 revealed an indirect effect of savoring on help‐seeking intentions through greater positive emotion but not through greater arousal or perceptions of personal control.ConclusionTogether, these results offer additional support for continued research on PEIs, and specifically, savoring‐based PEIs. Although the experimental manipulations may be limited in regard to their ecological validity, for those seeking to create interventions, these studies offer a novel and efficacious approach for motivating individuals with elevated depressive symptomatology to seek help.