bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity of Variances in the Bayesian AMMI Model for Multienvironment Trial Studies
Authors: da Silva Carlos Pereira , de Oliveira Luciano Antonio , Nuvunga Joel Jorge , Pamplona Andrezza Kellen Alves , Balestre Marcio 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIn analyses of multienvironment trials, it is common to assume homogeneity of variances in additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models for further inferences about the genotypes × environment interaction (GEI). However, it is not always reasonable to adopt such an assumption because it could mislead the evaluation and selection of the best genotypes. In this context, modeling the heterogeneity of variance jointly with GEI models has been of particular interest in plant breeding, since the experimental accuracy may float across the trial network. In this study, we used the Bayesian AMMI model in real and simulated frameworks to study GEI effects in the presence of heterogeneous variances (BAMMI‐H) across environments, highlighting the differences that can arise when this scenario is neglected. The findings indicate that neglecting the differences among the experimental variances across environments can influence the biplot precision and the conclusions regarding adaptability and stability. The main differences observed between the naive AMMI (assuming homogeneity) and BAMMI‐H biplots were related to the biplot precision for the genotypic and environment scores and the ability to recover information about experimental differences among the trials in the biplot. The results observed in this study suggest the importance of taking the heterogeneity of variance into account in the AMMI analysis to select genotypes for stability and adaptability.
Serine Endopeptidase Activities of Cowpea Seeds: A Time Course during Development and Germination
Authors: Lima Nathália B. , Lima Rodrigo M. , Botelho Alanna M. , Pontes Érica S. , Pinto Márcio S. T. , Oliveira Antônia E. A. , Fernandes Kátia V. S. 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTProteases in plants carry out an essential role in protein turnover during seed development and germination. Cysteine proteases (EC 3.4.22) are well‐known participants of such processes. Serine proteases (EC 3.4.21), however, are far less reported as protagonists during these events. Here, we investigate this protease class acting in different cowpea seed tissues along their life cycle. In vitro enzymatic assays were performed against N‐CBZ‐Gly‐Gly‐Arg‐MCA, N‐CBZ‐Gly‐Pro‐Arg‐MCA, Z‐Arg‐Arg‐MCA, and Ile‐His‐Pro‐Phe‐MCA fluorimetric substrates, under specific assay conditions. Proteins and proteases were visualized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and SDS‐PAGE‐gelatin, respectively. The proteolytic apparatus operating in cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] seeds includes serine endopeptidases in both cotyledons and embryo axes during the whole seed life cycle, mainly from the 12th to the 16th day after pollination and after 12 h of imbibition. The proteolytic activities appeared as bands of molecular masses between 68 and 200 kDa. Studies related to substrate specificity and pattern of inhibition showed that some activities are aprotinin‐sensitive serine endopeptidases, with optimum pH ranging from 8.0 to 9.0 towards N‐CBZ‐Gly‐Gly‐Arg‐MCA and Z‐Arg‐Arg‐MCA, while others are phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride (PMSF) sensitive, with an optimum pH 7.0, towards Ile‐His‐Pro‐Phe‐MCA. Serine proteases acting in developing and germinating cowpea seeds are both trypsin‐like (EC 3.4.21.4) and chymotrypsin‐like (EC 3.4.21.1) activities.
Sulfur Mineralization: A Key Process for Diagnosing Its Deficiency in Wheat
Authors: Carciochi Walter D. , Mateos Julián , Divito Guillermo A. , Inchauspe Facundo Mateos , Sainz Rozas Hernán R. 
Published: October 2019

Core IdeasA simplified balance was used to calculate apparent S mineralization in wheat.Apparent S mineralization predicted relative wheat grain yield.Sulfate‐S before sowing combined with particulate organic C diagnosed S status.Sulfur mineralization in soil should be considered in diagnostic methods based on soil analysis.Consideration of S mineralization could aid the development of S diagnostic methods in wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) but this process has not been investigated under field conditions. The objectives of this study were to evaluate: (i) the use of a simplified S balance to quantify apparent S mineralization (Smin‐app) during the wheat growing cycle, (ii) the relationship between Smin‐appand S mineralization indicators [N mineralized in anaerobic incubation (Nan) and total and particulate organic C (TOC and POC)], and (iii) the reliability of the proposed S mineralization indicators (Nan, TOC, and POC) for diagnosing S availability alone or combined with SO42−–S content at sowing (Sini). Fourteen field experiments were conducted to evaluate grain yield in response to S fertilization. Soil samples were taken before sowing and Sini, Nan, TOC, and POC were determined. Additionally, Smin‐appwas calculated in 7 out of 14 experiments through a simplified S balance. The main outcomes were: (i) Smin‐appallowed us to compare S mineralization capacity among soils and was closely related to relative wheat grain yield (R2= 0.92), (ii) Smin‐appwas related to Sini, Nan, TOC, and POC, (iii) POC was the S mineralization indicator that had the best performance for diagnosing S deficiency and its use in combination with Siniallowed for satisfactory diagnosis of S status in wheat via the equation: relative grain yield = 81.5 + (0.19 × Sini) + (1.56 × POC) (Ra2= 0.66). Sulfur mineralization proved to be an important process for wheat S nutrition.
Local Solute Sinks and Sources Cause Erroneous Dispersion Fluxes in Transport Simulations with the Convection–Dispersion Equation
Authors: Peters Andre , Iden Sascha C. , Durner Wolfgang 
Published: October 2019

Core Ideas
The CDE predicts non‐physical dispersive solute flux against water flow direction.
This wrongly directed dispersive solute flux can be as high as the convective flux.
This problem occurs around zones with an increase or decrease in concentration.
Particular cases are vaporization of water, root water uptake, and biodegradation.
The convection–dispersion equation (CDE) is the most widely used model for simulating the transport of dissolved substances in porous media. The dispersion term in the CDE lumps molecular diffusion and hydromechanical dispersion into an effective diffusive solute flux. This is possible by describing hydrodynamic dispersion with Fick's first law of diffusion. We critically analyzed this concept for specific water flow situations where the solute concentration is locally increased by processes like root water uptake or water evaporation. The local accumulation of solutes in these situations leads to high concentration gradients and a dispersive solute flux component opposite to the direction of the water flux. This is physically wrong because it assumes that molecules or ions are moving against the flow direction by dispersion. The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude of the resulting error by means of numerical modeling. We simulated solute transport from a groundwater table to a bare soil surface during steady‐state evaporation using the HYDRUS‐1D code. The simulations showed that in the region where dissolved substances accumulate due to the transition from liquid water to vapor, the resulting incorrect dispersive flux against the mean transport direction can reach the same order of magnitude as the convective solute flux. Under such conditions, application of the CDE is questionable.
The tetrahedrite group: Nomenclature and classification
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , George Luke L. , Cook Nigel J. , Makovicky Emil , Moëlo Yves , Pasero Marco , Sejkora Jiří , Stanley Chris J. , Welch Mark D. , Bosi Ferdinando 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe classification of the tetrahedrite group minerals in keeping with the current IMA-accepted nomenclature rules is discussed. Tetrahedrite isotypes are cubic, with space group symmetry I43m. The general structural formula of minerals belonging to this group can be written as M(2)A6M(1)(B4C2)X(3) D4S(1)Y12S(2)Z, where A = Cu+, Ag+, ☐ (vacancy), and (Ag6)4+ clusters; B = Cu+, and Ag+; C = Zn2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Cu2+, Cu+, and Fe3+; D = Sb3+, As3+, Bi3+, and Te4+; Y = S2– and Se2–; and Z = S 2–, Se2–, and ☐. The occurrence of both Me+ and Me2+ cations at the M(1) site, in a 4:2 atomic ratio, is a case of valency-imposed double site-occupancy. Consequently, different combinations of B and C constituents should be regarded as separate mineral species. The tetrahedrite group is divided into five different series on the basis of the A, B, D, and Y constituents, i.e., the tetrahedrite, tennantite, freibergite, hakite, and giraudite series. The nature of the dominant C constituent (the so-called “charge-compensating constituent”) is made explicit using a hyphenated suffix between parentheses. Rozhdestvenskayaite, arsenofreibergite, and goldfieldite could be the names of three other series. Eleven minerals belonging to the tetrahedrite group are considered as valid species: argentotennantite-(Zn), argentotetrahedrite-(Fe), kenoargentotetrahedrite-(Fe), giraudite-(Zn), goldfieldite, hakite-(Hg), rozhdestvenskayaite-(Zn), tennantite-(Fe), tennantite-(Zn), tetrahedrite-(Fe), and tetrahedrite-(Zn). Furthermore, annivite is formally discredited. Minerals corresponding to different end-member compositions should be approved as new mineral species by the IMA-CNMNC following the submission of regular proposals. The nomenclature and classification system of the tetrahedrite group, approved by the IMA-CNMNC, allows the full description of the chemical variability of the tetrahedrite minerals and it is able to convey important chemical information not only to mineralogists but also to ore geologists and industry professionals.
Caseyite, a new mineral containing a variant of the flat-Al13 polyoxometalate cation
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Cooper Mark A. , Hughes John M. , Nash Barbara P. , Hawthorne Frank C. , Marty Joe 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Caseyite, [(V5+O2)Al10–x(OH)20–2x(H2O)18–2x]2[H2V4+V95+O28][V105+O28]2[(Na,K,Ca)2–y(SO4)2–z⋅(60+8x+y+4z) H2O], where x = 0–2.5, y = 0–2, z = 0–2, is a new mineral (IMA 2019-002) occurring in low-temperature, post-mining, secondary mineral assemblages at the Burro, Packrat, and West Sunday mines in the Uravan Mineral Belt of Colorado, U.S.A. Crystals of caseyite are yellow tapering needles or blades, with a pale yellow streak, vitreous luster, brittle tenacity, curved fracture, no cleavage, Mohs hardness between 2 and 3, and 2.151 g/cm3 calculated density. Caseyite is optically biaxial (+) with α = 1.659(3), β = 1.670(3), γ = 1.720(3) (white light), 2V = 52.6(5)°, has strong r &lt; ν dispersion, optical orientation Z ≈ a (elongation of needles), and no pleochroism. Electron-probe microanalysis provided the empirical formula [(V5+O2)Al8.94(OH)17.88(H2O)15.88]2[H2V4+V95+O28][V105+O28]2[(Na0.82Ca0.35K0.27)Σ1.44 (SO4)1.33⋅70.24H2O] (+0.94 H). Caseyite is monoclinic, P21/n, a = 14.123(8), b = 30.998(15), c = 21.949(11) Å, β = 97.961(8)°, V = 9516(9) Å3, and Z = 2. The crystal structure (R1 = 0.0654 for 9162 Io&gt;2σI reflections) contains both normal [V10O28]6– and doubly protonated mixed-valence [H2V14+V95+O28]5– decavanadate isopolyanions, and a novel vanadoaluminate heteropolycation (“flat-Al10V☐2”), ideally [(V5+O2)Al10(OH)20(H2O)18]11+, closely related to the technologically important flat-Al13 polyoxocation.
Using very high resolution (VHR) imagery within a GEOBIA framework for gully mapping: an application to the Calhoun Critical Zone Observatory
Authors: Francipane A. , Cipolla G. , Maltese A. , La Loggia G. , Noto L. V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGully erosion is a form of accelerated erosion that may affect soil productivity, restrict land use, and lead to an increase of risk to infrastructure. An accurate mapping of these landforms can be difficult because of the presence of dense canopy and/or the wide spatial extent of some gullies. Even where possible, mapping of gullies through conventional field surveying can be an intensive and expensive activity. The recent widespread availability of very high resolution (VHR) imagery has led to a remarkable growth in the availability of terrain information, thus providing a basis for the development of new methodologies for analyzing Earth's surfaces. This work aims to develop a geographic object-based image analysis to detect and map gullies based on VHR imagery. A 1-meter resolution LIDAR DEM is used to identify gullies. The tool has been calibrated for two relatively large gullies surveyed in the Calhoun Critical Zone Observatory (CCZO) area in the southeastern United States. The developed procedure has been applied and tested on a greater area, corresponding to the Holcombe's Branch watershed within the CCZO. Results have been compared to previous works conducted over the same area, demonstrating the consistency of the developed procedure.
Arecoline Increases the Production of Nitric Oxide and Post-Translational S-Nitrosoproteome in Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wu Chien-Yi , Lin Wun-Rong , Jeng Cherng-Jye , Wu Chien-Hsing , Huang Bin 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Arecoline is known as a carcinogenic toxicant. The refreshment effect of
arecoline is mainly due to the increase in vasodilation and blood flow. This is essential to understand
whether arecoline can induce the production of Nitric Oxide (NO•) and regulate the subsequent protein
S-nitrosylation in Endothelial Cells (ECs).

Objective:
The present study is focused on the promotion effect of arecoline in NO• production and the
subsequent regulation of S-nitrosoproteome.

Method:
The phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase serine 1177 residue (peNOSSer1177)
was investigated by western blot. By using a specific FA-OMe fluorescent probe, the NO• molecules
could be observed by fluorescent microscopy or flow cytometry. S-nitrosylated proteins were purified
by biotin switch and then subjected to the Isobaric Tag for Relative and Absolute Quantitation
(iTRAQ)-labeled shotgun proteomic analysis.

Results:
Our study reveals that a lower concentration of arecoline can increase the phosphorylation of
peNOSSer1177. Pretreatment of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) indicated that arecolineinduced
NO• production was mediated by e-NOS. We identified 224 proteins with up-regulated
S-nitrosylation and 159 proteins with down-regulated S-nitrosylation. The NO• binding sites of seven representative
S-nitrosoproteins were illustrated. The effect of arecoline on the S-nitrosylation of HSP60
chaperonin and calnexin was verified.

Conclusion:
Our experimental results proved that a lower concentration of arecoline could modulate
the production of NO• and the subsequent protein S-nitrosylation. Therefore, it is worthy for further
investigation and discussion if these S-nitrosoproteomes are important in maintaining endothelium
homeostasis.
Elucidating the Functional Role of Predicted miRNAs in Post- Transcriptional Gene Regulation Along with Symbiosis in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Chowdhury Moumita Roy , Basak Jolly , Bahadur Ranjit Prasad 
Published: October 2019

Background:
microRNAs are small non-coding RNAs which inhibit translational and
post-transcriptional processes whereas long non-coding RNAs are found to regulate both
transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene expression. Medicago truncatula is a well-known
model plant for studying legume biology and is also used as a forage crop. In spite of its
importance in nitrogen fixation and soil fertility improvement, little information is available about
Medicago non-coding RNAs that play important role in symbiosis.

Objective:
In this study we have tried to understand the role of Medicago ncRNAs in symbiosis
and regulation of transcription factors.

Methods:
We have identified novel miRNAs by computational methods considering various
parameters like length, MFEI, AU content, SSR signatures and tried to establish an interaction
model with their targets obtained through psRNATarget server.

Results:
149 novel miRNAs are predicted along with their 770 target proteins. We have also
shown that 51 of these novel miRNAs are targeting 282 lncRNAs.

Conclusion:
In this study role of Medicago miRNAs in the regulation of various transcription
factors are elucidated. Knowledge gained from this study will have a positive impact on the
nitrogen fixing ability of this important model plant, which in turn will improve the soil fertility.
Digital Alerting and Outcomes in Patients With Sepsis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Joshi Meera , Ashrafian Hutan , Arora Sonal , Khan Sadia , Cooke Graham , Darzi Ara 
Published: October 2019

Background
The diagnosis and management of sepsis remain a global health care challenge. Digital technologies have the potential to improve sepsis care.

Objective
The aim of this paper was to systematically review the evidence on the impact of digital alerting systems on sepsis related outcomes.

Methods
The following databases were searched for studies published from April 1964 to February 12, 2019, with no language restriction: EMBASE, MEDLINE, HMIC, PsycINFO, and Cochrane. All full-text reports of studies identified as potentially eligible after title and abstract reviews were obtained for further review. The search was limited to adult inpatients. Relevant articles were hand searched for other studies. Only studies with clear pre- and postalerting phases were included. Primary outcomes were hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care LOS, whereas secondary outcomes were time to antibiotics and mortality. Studies based solely on intensive care, case reports, narrative reviews, editorials, and commentaries were excluded. All other trial designs were included. A qualitative assessment and meta-analysis were performed.

Results
This review identified 72 full-text articles. From these, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Of these, 8 studies reviewed hospital LOS, 12 reviewed mortality outcomes, 5 studies explored time to antibiotics, and 5 studies investigated intensive care unit (ICU) LOS. Both quantitative and qualitative assessments of the studies were performed. There was evidence of a significant benefit of digital alerting in hospital LOS, which reduced by 1.31 days (P=.014), and ICU LOS, which reduced by 0.766 days (P=.007). There was no significant association between digital alerts and mortality (mean decrease 11.4%; P=.77) or time to antibiotics (mean decrease 126 min; P=.13).

Conclusions
This review highlights that digital alerts can considerably reduce hospital and ICU stay for patients with sepsis. Further studies including randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings and identify the choice of alerting system according to the patient status and pathological cohort.
Study of Impacts of Ganoderma applanatum (Pres.) Pat. Extract on Hepatic and Renal Biochemical Parameters of Rats
Authors: Dandapat Sukumar , Kumar Manoj , Ranjan Rakesh , Sinaha Manoranjan Prasad 
Published: October 2019

Traditionally, Ganoderma applanatum was used as medicinal supplement for treatment of different diseases. In this study, biochemical screening, acute toxicity, and impact of G. applanatum aqueous extract on liver and renal parameters were studied. Qualitative screening of G. applanatum aqueous extract showed presence of various biochemicals such as tannin, phenolics, proteins, flavanoids and other biochemicals. FTIR analysis also showed spectrum transmission peaks for different mycochemicals such as3248. 13cm-1 for phenol O-H stretch, 1597.06cm-1 for primary amine N-H stretch, 783.10cm-1 for aromatic (meta disub benzene) C-H stretch. The extract increased body weight (Initial body weight: 181.74g; final body weight: 185.08g) when compared to control group (Initial body weight: 178.61 g; final body weight: 181.14 g) in acute toxicity test dose (2000mg/kg). Similar insignificant in final body weight of animals of different groups were observed when compared to initial body weight of animals used for the study of live and renal profile. The extract had no significant effect on organ weight. Low dose (200mg kg-1) of extract insignificantly decrease AST (51.71±0.61 mg dL-1), ALT (146.07±0.89 mg dL-1), ALP (174.68±0.65 mg dL-1) and bilirubin (0.61±0.01 mg dL-1) level and significantly elevated serum albumin level (6.63±0.22 g dL-1) compare to control group. Low dose (200mg kg-1) extract showed similar insignificant decrease in serum urea (61.30±1.05 mg dL-1) and creatinine level (0.90±0.02 mg dL-1) and significantly decreased serum uric acid level (19.52±1.14 mg dL-1) compare to control group of rats. Thus, dose-oriented application of G. applanatum extract can be beneficial for treatment of hepatic and renal diseases.
Reviving critical thinking and sense of ethics and humanity through “Exploring Human Enhancement Technology”
Authors: Hartanti Wika , Mahardinata Nurazid , Sastrowijoto Soenarto 
Published: October 2019

Background The advancement of human enhancement technology (HET) has raised concerns among bioethicist due to its potential to undermine human nature. The existence and application of this technology in medical practice is inevitable facts which shifted medical practice. Medical education institutions have no choice except to prepare and equip future doctors with moral and ethical capacity to deal with this challenge, hence the development of this HET module.ObjectiveOur study aimed to explore students’ perspectives and acceptance of the HET module.MethodWe asked students to write daily commentaries expressing their perspectives and acceptance throughout the module. Content analysis was performed on these textual data based on three main issues: (1) opinions on the module design (contents and methods); (2) reflections on overall learning experiences; and (3) applicability of the knowledge and skills. We analysed students’ grade to confirm achievements of learning objectives and effectivity of the module.Results A total of 78 medical students self-enrolled into this elective module in 2015 and 2016, and wrote daily commentaries posted online. Most students thought that the teaching methods were stimulating critical thinking, encouraging open-safe discussion, and sensitizing students to humanity issues. Topics related to ethics, humanities, and social sciences discussed were perceived as interesting and provided new perspectives. In overall reflection, students felt for the 1sttime in medical school they had an enjoyable yet life-changing learning experience through this module. Students were inspired to use the knowledge and skills gained from this module to be better doctors, deliver comprehensive patient care, and contribute more to humanity. The LOs were well achieved as indicated with the students’ understanding of the HET concept and discourses, and their ability to show critical analysis, build and present logical-ethical arguments, and suggest a recommendation for better HET application in their group as well as individual works.ConclusionThe module was delivered effectively and well accepted by the students. Most importantly, the module had successfully engaged students in various personalized form and influenced students’ positive transformation regarding personal, academic and professional commitments. The module showed potentials for further development and implementation as part of the mandatory medical curriculum.