bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral satellite imagery detection of ancient raw material sources: Soft‐stone vessel production at Aqir al‐Shamoos (Oman)
Authors: Sivitskis Alexander J. , Harrower Michael J. , David‐Cuny Hélène , Dumitru Ioana A. , Nathan Smiti , Wiig Frances , Viete Daniel R. , Lewis Kevin W. , Taylor Avary Rhys , Dollarhide Eli N. , Zaitchik Benjamin , Al‐Jabri Suleiman , Livi Kenneth J. T. , Braun Alexander 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSoft‐stone vessels (made of the rock chloritite, which is comprised of the mineral chlorite) are an important component of the material culture record of ancient southeast Arabia. Given the prevalence of soft‐stone vessels in domestic and funerary contexts, and the natural geological occurrence of chloritite in the region, archaeologists have long suspected that soft‐stone vessels could have been produced in United Arab Emirates (UAE) or Oman. However, over many decades of research very few pieces of worked raw material or unfinished vessel fragments have been recovered in Arabia. This changed dramatically in 2015 with the discovery of the Iron Age village of Aqir al‐Shamoos where thousands of raw, worked, and unfinished pieces attest to soft‐stone vessel manufacture. Aqir al‐Shamoos continues to yield new insights regarding soft‐stone vessel production, but the source of raw material used to craft these objects initially remained unknown as no natural chloritite deposits had been found in the immediate vicinity of the site. We present results of hyperspectral satellite imagery target detection used to search for natural surface occurrences of chloritite near Aqir al‐Shamoos. Despite limitations in carbonate and phyllosilicate mineral discrimination, field survey of the satellite detection results revealed chloritite outcrops in the ophiolite formation mountains 1.4 km northwest of Aqir al‐Shamoos near the newly discovered archaeological site of ‘Waby al‐Zady. Reflectance spectroscopy (0.35–2.5 μm) of material from multiple chloritite sources indicates that chloritite from ‘Waby al‐Zady is spectrally very similar to material at Aqir al‐Shamoos but quite different in comparison with material from other locations. These findings indicate that: (1) hyperspectral satellite imagery target detection can be useful for chloritite prospection, (2) ‘Waby al‐Zady (or somewhere very nearby) was probably the source of chloritite used at Aqir al‐Shamoos, and (3) chloritite reflection spectra may be useful for distinguishing chloritite from different sources.
Vorbild Spannbeton: Glasträger nach Eurocode 2
Authors: Engelmann Michael , Weller Bernhard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractGlas und Beton teilen wesentliche Materialeigenschaften: Sie ertragen hohen Druck, erreichen im Vergleich dazu jedoch geringe Zugfestigkeiten und versagen – unangekündigt – spröde. Daher ist es sinnvoll, Träger aus beiderlei Material analog zu konstruieren und die Kenntnisse aus dem Betonbau mittels einer Analogiebetrachtung auf den Konstruktiven Glasbau zu übertragen. Dafür wird zunächst im historischen Kontext ein Bezug zwischen Franz Dischinger und dem modernen Glasbau hergestellt. Anschließend erfolgt ein Vergleich wesentlicher Material‐ und Konstruktionseigenschaften sowie die Vorstellung ausgeführter Bau‐ und Forschungsprojekte, welche zeigen, dass eine analoge Behandlung und Bezeichnung von Glaskonstruktionen nach Grundsätzen des Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonbaus möglich und sinnvoll ist. Zudem werden „Spannglasträger“ vorgestellt, welche eine vorgespannte Stahlbewehrung enthalten, um einem Biegezugriss entgegenzuwirken, die Tragkonstruktion gezielt zu überhöhen und die Resttragfähigkeit sicherzustellen. Darüber hinaus werden Problemstellungen wie der Spannkraftverlust oder die Machbarkeit solcher Konstruktionen angesprochen. Damit wird es möglich, aus dem langjährig erprobten Wissensschatz des Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonbaus zu schöpfen und trageffiziente Glaskonstruktionen zu gestalten.
Carbon monoxide conversion with Clostridium aceticum
Authors: Mayer Alexander , Schädler Torben , Trunz Sascha , Stelzer Thomas , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCarbon monoxide concentrations in syngas are often high, but tolerance toward CO varies a lot between homoacetogenic bacteria. Analysis of the autotrophic potential revealed that the first isolated acetogenic bacterium Clostridium aceticum was able to use CO as sole carbon and energy source for chemolithoautotrophic carbon fixation but simultaneously showed little tolerance to high CO concentrations. Not yet reported, autotrophic ethanol production by
C. aceticum was discovered with CO as a substrate in batch processes. Growth rates estimated in batch processes at varying CO partial pressures were used to identify the CO inhibition kinetics of
C. aceticum, using a substrate inhibition model.
C. aceticum shows a strong CO inhibition with an optimum CO partial pressure of only 5.4 mbar in the gas phase at cell dry weight concentrations of up to 0.5 g·L
−1. At optimum conditions, growth and acetate formation rates were estimated to be 0.24 hr
−1 and 0.52 g·g
−1·hr
−1, respectively. Syngas fermentation at high partial pressures of up to 280 mbar CO in the inlet gas phase was enabled by applying a continuously operated stirred‐tank bioreactor with submerged membranes with total cell retention. Around 70% CO conversion was achieved continuously in the membrane bioreactor with strongly CO inhibited
C. aceticum resulting in space‐time yields of up to 0.85 g·L
−1·hr
−1 acetate.
Diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis with novel somatic KIT mutation K509I and association with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Otani Iris M. , Carroll Ryan W. , Yager Phoebe , Kroshinsky Daniela , Murphy Sarah , Hornick Jason L. , Akin Cem , Castells Mariana , Walter Jolan E. 
Published: August 2018

Key Clinical MessageDiffuse cutaneous mastocytosis (DCM) is a rare but potentially fatal condition when diagnosis and targeted treatments are delayed. This case illustrates the life‐threatening complications in DCM and reviews the currently available treatments. To our knowledge, this is the first report of mastocytosis with somatic K509I mutation and concomitant tuberous sclerosis.
Carbon Nanofibers Grown on Carbon Felt as a Reinforced Current Collector for High‐Performance Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yan Xinxiu , Chen Tao , Wang Lei , Li Xiang , Wang Hao , Deng Bangwei , Wei Zhikai , Qu Meizhen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractLithium−sulfur (Li−S) batteries have attracted much attention, owing to their high theoretical energy density. Many studies have focused on improving areal sulfur loading by using carbonaceous current collectors. However, low sulfur utilization and polysulfide diffusion could be more severe. Herein, we introduce a reinforced current collector consisting of carbon felt (CF) decorated with carbon nanofibers (CNFs), prepared by using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The CF@CNFs skeleton shows a large specific surface area for well‐dispersed active materials, highly conductive network with faster electronic/ionic transport, and a micro‐/mesoporous structure for spatial confinement on polysulfides. As a result, the cells with CF@CNFs current collectors exhibit a high specific capacity, superior cycling stability, and a good rate capacity. This work will provide a promising choice for designing novel current collectors toward high‐performance, high sulfur‐loading Li−S batteries.
Hierarchical Frameworks of Metal–Organic Cages with Axial Ferroelectric Anisotropy
Authors: Yadav Ashok , Kulkarni Priyangi , Praveenkumar Balu , Steiner Alexander , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDesigning molecular crystals with switchable dipoles for ferroelectric applications is challenging and often serendipitous. Herein, we show a systematic approach toward hierarchical 1D, 2D and 3D frameworks that are assembled through successive linkage of metal–organic cages [Cu6(H2O)12(TPTA)8]12+ with chloride ions. Their ferroelectric properties are due to the displacement of channel‐bound nitrate counterions and solvated water molecules relative to the framework of cages. Ferroelectric measurements of crystals of discrete and 1D‐framework assemblies showed axial ferroelectric anisotropy with high remnant polarisation. Both, the reversible formation of cage‐connected networks and the observation of ferroelectric anisotropic behaviour are rare among metal–ligand cage assemblies.
Breast cancer biomarkers in clinical testing: analysis of a UK national external quality assessment scheme for immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridisation database containing results from 199 300 patients
Authors: Dodson Andrew , Parry Suzanne , Ibrahim Merdol , Bartlett John MS , Pinder Sarah , Dowsett Mitch , Miller Keith 
Published: August 2018

AbstractWe describe a collated data set of results from clinical testing of breast cancers carried out between 2009 and 2016 in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. More than 199 000 patient biomarker data sets, together with clinicopathological parameters were collected. Our analyses focused on human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2), oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), with the aim of the study being to provide robust confirmatory evidence on known associations in these biomarkers and to uncover new data on previously undescribed or unconfirmed associations, thus strengthening the evidence‐base in clinical breast cancer testing. Overall, 13.1% of tumours were HER2‐positive; 10.6% in ER‐positive tumours, and 25.5% in ER‐negative tumours. Higher rates of HER2 positivity were significantly associated with patient age <56 years versus age ≥56 years, symptomatic versus screen‐detected tumours, testing of involved axillary node versus primary breast cancer, invasive ductal carcinoma (not otherwise specified) versus other histological types, higher histological grade, increasing tumour size, increasing nodal involvement, ER‐negative versus ER‐positive tumour status, PR‐negative versus PR‐positive tumour status. Where ER status was known, 82.7% of tumours were ER‐positive; 80.9% in women age <56 years, and 83.6% in those age ≥56 years (ER‐positive cut‐off ≥1.0% positive tumour cells or equivalent). Where PR status was known, 64.9% of tumours were PR‐positive; 65.8% in women age <56 years, and 64.4% in women age ≥56 years (PR‐positive cut off ≥10.0% or equivalent). These analyses of clinical test results provide contemporary benchmarking data for HER2, ER and PR positive rates.
Multi‐feature data mining for CT image recognition
Authors: Yong‐lian Luo 
Published: August 2018

SummaryRecognition method of CT images based on color, morphology, and texture is inaccurate and unreliable recently. Therefore, a medical image recognition method based on data mining is proposed with a multi‐feature fusion in this paper. First, image acquisition method is determined by analyzing the environment of CT image recognition. Then, acquired CT image is standardized and whitened to reduce redundant information. Moreover, based on feature of the color, texture, and height in preprocessed CT images, a deep neural network is trained by using a large amount of image data in normal scene. The deep learning classifier is fine‐tuned by using the marked multi‐feature CT image data. Finally, output recognition result is obtained according to the classification decision threshold. Experimental results show that the correct recognition rate of the proposed method can reach more than 98%. The accuracy rate is higher and the stability of proposed method is better by comparing with traditional CT image recognition methods.
A systematic review of non‐genetic predictors and genetic factors of glycated haemoglobin in type 1 diabetes one year after diagnosis
Authors: Gloaguen Emilie , Bendelac Nathalie , Nicolino Marc , Julier Cécile , Mathieu Flavie 
Published: August 2018

SummaryType 1 diabetes (T1D) results from autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic βcells. Although all T1D patients require daily administration of exogenous insulin, their insulin requirement to achieve good glycaemic control may vary significantly. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level represents a stable indicator of glycaemic control and is a reliable predictor of long‐term complications of T1D. The purpose of this article is to systematically review the role of non‐genetic predictors and genetic factors of HbA1c level in T1D patients after the first year of T1D, to exclude the honeymoon period. A total of 1974 articles published since January 2011 were identified and 78 were finally included in the analysis of non‐genetic predictors. For genetic factors, a total of 277 articles were identified and 14 were included. The most significantly associated factors with HbA1c level are demographic (age, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status), personal (family characteristics, parental care, psychological traits...) and features related to T1D (duration of T1D, adherence to treatment …). Only a few studies have searched for genetic factors influencing HbA1c level, most of which focused on candidate genes using classical genetic statistical methods, with generally limited power and incomplete adjustment for confounding factors and multiple testing. Our review shows the complexity of explaining HbA1c level variations, which involves numerous correlated predictors. Overall, our review underlines the lack of studies investigating jointly genetic and non‐genetic factors and their interactions to better understand factors influencing glycaemic control for T1D patients.
EPB tunnelling through clay‐sand mixed soils: Proposed methodology for clogging evaluation
Authors: de Oliveira Daniela Garroux G. , Thewes Markus , Diederichs Mark S. , Langmaack Lars 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe clogging of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) tools by soils has long been investigated, owing to the numerous difficulties arising in shield tunnelling as a result. Its occurrence leads to operation delays owing to the frequent and lengthy interventions required to unblock the soil stuck to the excavation tools and screw conveyor. Several authors have proposed laboratory tests for evaluating the clogging potential, however, those include limitations, such as not considering the clay fraction in a soil. One of these methods is the empirical stickiness evaluation, whereby a mixer and a beater are used to define a clogging evaluation parameter. Following an extended test campaign using soils with different clay contents and minerals, it became clear that this method was not adequate to provide reliable information regarding the tendency of a soil to clog in a tunnel drive. A new device was then implemented, which adds to the first method a kinetic energy impulse via dropping of the beater from a certain height. This combination of methods could provide a reasonable approximation of the potential for clogging to occur along Earth Pressure Balance Machine (EPB) tunnel drives. This paper presents the results of the proposed combined methodology for clogging evaluation, as well as the research evolution that led to the addition of the beater dropping stage.
Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis for Daclatasvir and Asunaprevir in Japanese Subjects With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Osawa Mayu , Ueno Takayo , Ishikawa Hiroki , Imai Yasuhiko , Garimella Tushar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDaclatasvir is a nonstructural protein 5A replication complex inhibitor, and asunaprevir is a nonstructural protein 3 protease inhibitor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). In 2014, the combination therapy of daclatasvir and asunaprevir received the first global approval in Japan as the first nonribavirin, all‐oral therapy for HCV treatment. The population pharmacokinetics (popPK) of daclatasvir and asunaprevir were characterized by nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling using 3801 and 2626 concentration data from 336 and 265 Japanese HCV subjects, respectively. The plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of daclatasvir and asunaprevir were described by a 1‐compartment model. Parameter estimates (interindividual variability) of daclatasvir apparent clearance (CL/F) and apparent volume of the central compartment (V/F) were 5.29 L/h (39.4%) and 64.2 L (38.1%). The effects of all statistically significant covariates on daclatasvir PK parameters were within or overlapped the 80% to 125% boundaries, suggesting a lack of clinical relevance. Parameter estimates (interindividual variability) of asunaprevir CL/F and V/F were 52.1 L/h (41.5%) and 75.1 L (93.4%), respectively. Baseline and time‐varying aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and cirrhosis on CL/F and formulation (soft‐gel capsule or tablet) on F were included as significant covariates in the asunaprevir popPK model. The effects of all covariates exceeded the 80% to 125% boundaries, indicating that the asunaprevir soft‐gel capsule had higher bioavailability than the tablet and that asunaprevir exposure increased with cirrhosis and increasing baseline and time‐varying AST values. The popPK models adequately described the PK profiles of daclatasvir and asunaprevir in Japanese HCV subjects.
Pyroaurite‐based MgFe mixed oxides and their activity in aldol condensation of furfural with acetone: effect of oxide composition
Authors: Kocík Jaroslav , Frolich Karel , Perková Ilona , Horáček Jan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundPyroaurite‐based MgFe oxides with varying Mg:Fe ratio were studied. The structural and acido‐basic properties were examined by number of experimental techniques. The oxide properties were correlated with the catalytic activity in aldol condensation of furfural with acetone.ResultsWell‐developed mesoporous structure was detected for all oxides. Peculiar continuous increase of concentration of basic sites and population of unsaturated strong basic O2− sites was observed with the rising amount of magnesium in the MgFe oxide matrix. A relatively higher concentration of Lewis acid Men+ sites was shown for low Mg:Fe ratios. Unambiguous correlation between conversion of furfural and the density of strong basic sites was proved by combined catalytic and statistical analysis. The contribution of other basic sites was found significantly less important. The impact of both acid and basic sites on the composition of reaction products was discussed.ConclusionsMgFe oxides revealed good catalytic performance in the aldol condensation of furfural with acetone where samples with a high Mg:Fe ratio were significantly more basic and had relatively enhanced furfural conversion (nominal Mg:Fe ratio 10; furfural conversion 88% and selectivity to F2Ac 34%; reaction conditions: batch reactor; 50 °C; acetone/furfural = 10 mol L–1). © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Music intervention improves spatial learning and memory and alters serum proteomics profiling in rats
Authors: Xiong Xiaofan , Han Lin , Liu Siyuan , Miao Jiyu , Luo Mai , Xue Meng , Wang Xiaofei , Ni Lei , Yang Juan , Huang Chen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMusic has a long history of healing or mitigating physical and mental illness in the clinical setting. We aimed to test changes in behavioral cognition and serum proteomics in rats undergoing music intervention (MI). The Morris water maze (MWM) was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory in rats. Serum protein expression profiling was examined using magnetic bead‐based matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF‐MS). MI improved spatial learning and memory in both male and female rats. Peak 1708.61 (m/z values) was significantly increased in MI females vs. female controls. Peak 3925.09 (m/z values) was significantly reduced in MI males versus male controls. The two differential serum peptide peaks (m/z values: 1708.61, 3925.09) were further sequence identified as regions of proteins Desmin and Acsm1. Western blot and immunofluorescence testing of Desmin expression showed consistent results on proteomics analysis. MI plays an important role in behavioral cognition and protein expression in rats. This study provides a foundation in proteomics that suggests that MI might improve spatial learning and memory ability.
Release of multifunctional peptides from kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) protein under in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Vilcacundo Rubén , Martínez‐Villaluenga Cristina , Miralles Beatriz , Hernández‐Ledesma Blanca 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe multifactorial origin of many chronic diseases provides a new framework for the development of multifunctional foods. In this study, the effect of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion of kiwicha (Amaranthus caudatus) proteins on the release of multifunctional peptides was evaluated.RESULTSGastric digest showed higher angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity while 60 min gastroduodenal digest showed the highest antioxidant, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV), α‐amylase and Caco‐2 cell viability inhibitory activities. Peptides >5 kDa were more effective in inhibiting colon cancer cell viability, whereas peptides <5 kDa were mainly responsible for the antioxidant, ACE, DPP‐IV and α‐amylase inhibitory activities. Thirteen peptides from amaranth sequenced proteins were identified. Structure–activity relationship analysis of the identified sequences pointed to three amaranth fragments, namely FLISCLL, SVFDEELS and DFIILE, as potential peptides able to concurrently exert antioxidant capacity and ability to inhibit both ACE and α‐amylase.CONCLUSIONSFive of thirteen peptides identified in kiwicha protein digests show high potential to exert multifunctional properties. Thus kiwicha proteins might start to gain importance as ingredients for functional foods for the prevention and/or management of chronic diseases related to oxidative stress, hypertension and/or diabetes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Multicomponent Reactions and Multicomponent Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Sequence‐Controlled Polymers
Authors: Zhang Ze , You Yezi , Hong Chunyan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractControl over the monomer sequence during polymerization has attracted great attention in polymer science, but it remains a serious challenge. Recently, multicomponent reactions have been playing a significant role in the synthesis of sequence‐controlled polymers due to their inherent advantage of combining three or more starting materials in time‐saving, one‐pot operations to afford complex microstructures. In this feature article, the recent representative developments in the synthesis of sequence‐controlled polymers by multicomponent reactions are highlighted to give insight on the design of novel sequence‐controlled polymers with sufficient molecular diversity and complexity. The main part of this article is divided into three sections according to the different polymerization strategies using multicomponent reactions: direct multicomponent polymerization, multicomponent cascade polymerization, and iterative multicomponent reaction, respectively. It is anticipated that this feature article may provide some guidance for the fabrication of sequence‐controlled polymers by multicomponent reactions.
Solitary wave solution and conservation laws of higher dimensional Zakharov‐Kuznetsov equation with nonlinear self‐adjointness
Authors: Ali Muhammad Nasir , Husnine Syed Muhammad , Ak Turgut , Atangana Abdon 
Published: August 2018

In this paper, we consider (1 + n)‐dimensional Zakharov‐Kuznetsov (ZK) equation for nonlinear self‐adjointness and symmetries. It is proved that the equation is nonlinearly self‐adjoint and its symmetries are computed. The conservation laws are obtained by using new general conservation theorem of Ibragimov for (1 + n)‐dimension and particularly for (1 + 3)‐dimensional ZK equation. Multiplier method is also used to find more conservation laws for (1 + 3)‐dimensional ZK equation and symmetry reduction technique is used to calculate the solitary wave solution.