bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the structural, electronic, and thermoelectric properties of EuMg2X2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) zintl phase; A first principles investigations
Authors: Khan Sajid , Khan Dil Faraz , Al-Ammar Essam A. , Ullah Hayat , Usman Tariq , Murtaza Ghulam 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The key solution to the now-a-days energy crisis is the conversion of waste heat into useful electrical energy. In this work, the structural, electronic, and thermoelectric characteristics of EuMg2X2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) zintl materials have been investigated comprehensively through first principles studies. Structural analysis shows that our measured values fit well with the previous available experimental data. Three potential functionals, PBE GGA, TB-mBJ, and hybrid functional (YS-PBE0), have been used to study the electronic behavior of the titled compounds. EuMg2X2 (X = P, As, Sb, Bi) reveal band gaps of 0.83 eV, 0.72 eV, 0.34 eV, and 0.41 eV, respectively, through hybrid functional (YS-PBE0). Density of states (DOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) studies reveals the role offered by different atomic orbitals in the formation of electronic band structures of the samples. Similarly, thermoelectric tone of the said compounds is calculated by virtue of BoltzTraP2 computational code. The ultralow thermal conductivity and optimum level of carriers’ concentration encompass these materials to be good thermoelectrics with better and reasonable thermoelectric efficiency (ZTe).
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN TRANS AND GENDER DIVERSE PATIENTS: Effects of feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy on testicular function and reproductive capacity: review of data from clinical and experimental studies
Authors: Rodriguez-Wallberg Kenny A , Pfau Daniel R 
Published: December 2024

In briefTransgender, non-binary and gender-diverse patients utilizing feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) may experience reduced fertility, which is currently addressed through fertility preservation and treatment cessation. Experimental research with animal models may identify mechanisms involved in testicular function impairment, their severity and duration, and may help to inform patients about reproductive health decisions.AbstractFeminizing GAHT may include combined estrogen, progesterone and/or antiandrogens (collectively referred to as E-GAHT) aiming to achieve individualized embodiment goals. This kind of treatment is highly desired, but it is expected to negatively impact the reproductive ability of transgender, non-binary and/or gender-diverse (TNG) individuals having testes, mainly by disrupting the biological pathways involved in spermatogenesis. There is little research on the impact of E-GAHT on the testis or on the potential recovery of spermatogenesis by stopping GAHT. Studies using animal models receiving GAHT are a novel promising method to help identify the reproductive pathways affected by GAHT and the degree of those effects. A literature search was performed to identify both clinical and experimental studies using rodent models applicable to the reproductive needs of E-GAHT users. We found large variability in clinical populations that has not been fully replicated in translational research. Furthermore, animal GAHT models have yet to be capitalized to examine fertility preservation. Some clinical studies indicated that sperm quality may be reduced in E-GAHT patients before initiating E-GAHT, which cannot be studied using GAHT-treated animals. As many TNG people of reproductive age may have the wish to create a future family, it is important to increase the knowledge that will inform and improve E-GAHT patients’ fertility preservation outcomes and reproductive health.
PP1γ1 is unable to substitute for the mammal-specific PP1γ2 isoform to support male fertility and sperm function
Authors: Dey Souvik , Nofal Wesam , Brothag Cameron , Kabi Mustfa , Khamamkar Aditi , Choudhari Neha , Vijayaraghavan Srinivasan 
Published: December 2024

In briefProtein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit gamma isoform 2 (PP1γ2) is a unique phosphatase expressed only in mammalian testes and sperm cells. The PP1γ2 isoform is indispensable for sperm motility and fertility and cannot be replaced by the PP1γ1 isoform for these functions.AbstractThe serine–threonine phosphatase has four paralogs – PP1α, PP1β, PP1γ1 and PP1γ2 – encoded by three genes, Ppp1ca, Ppp1cb and Ppp1cc. Protein phosphatase PP1γ2, one of two isoforms of the gene Ppp1cc, is expressed in spermatogenic cells in the testes and sperm, while PP1γ1 is found in somatic cells. The two PP1γ isoforms, formed by alternate splicing that occurs only in mammals, are identical except at their C-termini. Global or testis-specific knockout of Ppp1cc in mice results in male infertility due to disrupted spermiation and mid-to-late spermiogenesis. Transgenic expression of PP1γ2, driven by a testis-specific promoter in differentiating spermatogenic cells, rescues spermatogenesis and fertility in the Ppp1cc-null mice. Why PP1γ2 is essential and present only in mammalian sperm is a mystery. We have generated a knock-in mouse where the Ppp1cc gene is edited to express only PP1γ1. Spermatogenesis was normal in knock-in mice. Testis-expressed PP1γ1 in the knock-in mice and PP1γ2 in the wild-type mice were incorporated in equal amounts into sperm. Sperm bearing PP1γ1 have reduced flagellar beat amplitude and motility, and male mice were severely sub-fertile. Although in the wild-type mice, PP1γ2 is present in both the head and tail, in the knock-in mice, PP1γ1 is absent in sperm heads, leading to an altered intra-sperm protein phosphatase landscape. Phosphoproteomic analysis of sperm proteins suggested a plausible molecular basis for compromised PP1γ1 functions: it identified GSK3α, a known substrate of PP1, to be dysregulated in knock-in sperm. This study provides a preliminary explanation for the isoform-specific requirement of PP1γ2 for male fertility.
Antibiotic Choice and Outcomes for Respiratory Infections in Children With Tracheostomies
Authors: García-Boyano Miguel , Alcalá Francisco José Climent , Rodríguez Alonso Aroa , de Villalta Marta García Fernández , Zubiaur Alonso Oihane , Rabanal Retolaza Ignacio , Quiles Melero Inmaculada , Calvo Cristina , Escosa García Luis 
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE
Respiratory infections are a major cause of hospitalization in children with tracheostomies, contributing significantly to hospital expenses. Limited data exist to describe optimal diagnostic strategies or management recommendations for these infections. This study aimed to explore factors associated with antibiotic therapy, including usage, administration route, duration, variables influencing the decision to prescribe antibiotics, and outcomes in children with tracheostomies experiencing episodes of respiratory infection other than pneumonia (tracheobronchitis and nonspecific respiratory episodes [NSRE]).

METHODS
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the medical records of 83 children who underwent tracheostomy and received treatment at a tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2021.

RESULTS
A total of 164 episodes of tracheobronchitis and 98 episodes of NSRE were analyzed. Children with tracheobronchitis were more frequently treated with antibiotics: 75% in nonhospitalized cases and 76% in hospitalized cases. In NSRE, antibiotic prescription dropped to 40% and 29%, respectively. Out of 51 tracheobronchitis and 15 NSRE initially treated with oral antibiotics, a switch to intravenous administration was deemed necessary in only 7 tracheobronchitis cases (14%). Fever was significantly associated with antibiotic prescription in tracheobronchitis and NSRE, regardless of hospitalization status. Two children died within the 28-day period following the onset of tracheobronchitis symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS
Many cases identified as tracheobronchitis, along with a greater number of NSRE cases, resolved without requiring antibiotics. Although fever was associated with increased antibiotic prescription, it does not necessarily indicate severity. Therefore, careful consideration should be given before prescribing antibiotics, especially in febrile cases, to avoid unnecessary treatments.
METODOLOGIAS ATIVAS: INTERAÇÃO APLICADA AO ENSINO DE MATEMÁTICA, NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Mendes Marisandra Goreti , Aragón Rosane 
Published: December 2024

O estudo aborda a relevância das metodologias ativas, destacando sua base inclusiva e aplicação nas escolas públicas. Investigou-se o papel dos jogos matemáticos no desenvolvimento do pensamento matemático em sala de aula, considerando fatores históricos e culturais. A pesquisa seguiu as cinco etapas: investigação, descoberta, conexão, criação e reflexão. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar como as metodologias ativas, em especial o uso de jogos matemáticos, contribuem para o ensino e aprendizagem da matemática, promovendo uma educação mais inclusiva e participativa. A metodologia empregada envolveu revisão bibliográfica, observação em sala de aula e análise de dados qualitativos, permitindo compreender a dinâmica e os impactos das metodologias ativas no contexto escolar. Os jogos através da metodologia de gamificação utilizaram Kahoot, a plataforma Genial.ly, para o Escape Room, e metodologia ativa aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP), Os resultados com a proposta, indicaram que os jogos com metodologias ativas utilizando gamificação e ABP, em matemática, quando integrados às práticas pedagógicas, estimulam o pensamento crítico, criatividade e resolução de problemas, favorecendo a aprendizagem dos alunos no ensino fundamental, fortalecendo vínculos, contribuindo para a construção de conhecimento matemático.
Metastatic colon cancer: clinical practice guideline update in 2024
Authors: Fedyanin M. Yu. , Gladkov O. A. , Gordeev S. S. , Karachun A. M. , Kozlov N. A. , Mamedli Z. Z. , Rykov I. V. , Tryakin A. A. , Tsukanov A. S. , Chernykh M. V. 
Published: December 2024

This article presents changes to clinical guidelines for the treatment of metastatic colon cancer in 2024. The new provisions in the clinical guidelines are complemented by a brief overview of the research results that underlie them. The changes considered concern not only systemic antitumor treatment, but also surgery and molecular genetic diagnostics. The differences between the recommendations of RUSSCO and the Ministry of Health of Russia are given. The introduction of information to determine the clinical benefit of expensive therapeutic options in relation to the use of the ESMO-MCBS and RUSSCO-MCBS scales is discussed.Aim. Bringing information to a wide range of readers on planned changes in clinical guidelines.
Exploring determinants of VAT gaps using structural equation models: a MIMIC approach
Authors: Hasíková Iva 
Published: December 2024

This study explores the estimation of the VAT gap using the Multiple Indicators and Multiple Causes (MIMIC) model, a specific type of structural equation model. The VAT gap, a significant indicator of tax revenue loss and inefficiency in VAT collection, is treated as a latent variable driven by various causes and reflected through specific indicators. Drawing on data from European countries, the model incorporates variables such as economic openness, government spending, corruption perceptions, and the e-government development index, each serving as proxies for underlying VAT collection challenges. This study presents a first-time application of the MIMIC model to the Czech Republic, estimating the VAT gap of 2003 – 2020 and revealing fluctuations between 27 % and 35 % of total tax liability, with stabilization at 31 % since 2016. The findings underscore policy areas for potential improvements in VAT compliance and collection efficiency, particularly through enhanced digitalization efforts and governance quality in tax administration by highlighting key factors contributing to the VAT gap.
Inclusive education as human rights for immigrant students in Faroese compulsory schools – a desktop study of Faroese policy documents and current Faroese research in the field
Authors: Vijayavarathan-R. Kalpana 
Published: December 2024

The desktop article studies the status quo regarding the inclusion of immigrant children in Faroese compulsory schools as a human rights issue through analysis of policy documents, relevant official documents and Faroese research in the field of inclusive education for the target demographic. Using content analysis, an attempt is made to study whether the policies are socially just, equitable and fall within the human rights of immigrant children to equitable access to education. The policies are evaluated using the language orientation framework (Ruiz, 1984) to elicit the policy stance towards immigrant children.
Existing research on Faroese educational policies for inclusion in education is used to determine if fit-for-purpose educational measures exist for immigrant children to learn Faroese, fulfil learning outcomes and integrate into the society while retaining their own first language and culture. It appears that language-as-problem dominates policy stance, and its implementation without consideration for the human rights of these children has potential implications for their integration and their becoming meaningful, full-fledged members of Faroese society.
Úrtak
Í greinini verður inklusjón sum mannarættindi hjá tilflytarabørnum í føroyska fólkaskúlanum kannað. Kanningin umfatar greining av útbúgvingarpolitiksskjølum, viðkomandi almennum skjølum og føroyskari gransking um inkluderandi útbúgving fyri hesar tilflytaranæmingar. Við støði í innihaldsgreiningum verður roynt at kanna, hvørt politikkurin er sosialt grundaður, rættvísur og lýkur mannarættindakravinum hjá tilflytarabørnum um rættvísa atgongd til útbúgving. Politikkurin er eftirmettur við støði í karminum um málstøðu (language orientation) (Ruiz, 1984) til tess at fáa støðuna hjá tilflytarabørnum fram í ljósmála.
Gransking, sum fevnir um føroyskan útbúgvingarpolitikk og inklusjón í útbúgving, er nýtt til at gera av, hvørt hóskandi útbúgvingarmál eru til taks hjá tilflytarabørnum at læra føroyskt, lúka læruúrtøkur og fella inn í samfelagið, samstundis sum tey varðveita sítt egna móðurmál og mentanina í upprunalandinum. Úrslitini benda á, at sjónarmiðið mál-sum-trupulleiki (language-as-problem), er ráðandi, og útinningarstigið ikki hevur fyrilit fyri, at mannarættindastøðan hjá børnunum hevur møguligar avleiðingar fyri integrasjónina í føroyska samfelagið og teirra møguleikar at gerast týðandi, fullbúnir limir í føroyska samfelagnum.
Orthopedic Surgery Meets Serious Illness Care: Palliative Care and Advance Care Planning for the Orthopedic Surgeon
Authors: Mand Davinder , Mand Donya , Kilpatrick Laurel , Probe Robert A. 
Published: December 2024

» Advance care planning and palliative care can improve care for orthopedic patients.» The “surprise question” is a useful prognostication tool and trigger for palliative care referral.» Engage in routine advance care planning conversations.» Confirm code status before surgery.» Any surgeon can determine capacity and need for a surrogate decision maker.
DISBIOSE DO TRATO GASTROINTESTINAL E DOENÇA DE ALZHEIMER
Authors: BACIUK-SOUZA LETICIA , PASSOS BACIUK ERICA , Do Amaral Toma Marízia 
Published: December 2024

Resumo: Esta revisão integrativa teve por objetivo verificar as associações possíveis entre disbiose intestinal e Doença de Alzheimer (DA). Foi realizada busca sistematizada nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, PubMed e Scielo, com os termos Alzheimer’s disease, Gut microbiota e Neuroinflammation. A patogênese da DA apresenta alta relação com a imunidade. Os pacientes com DA têm diferenças significativas na taxonomia microbiana intestinal, com diminuição de inúmeras bactérias Gram-positivas, e aumento de várias Gram-negativas. Dentre os mecanismos envolvidos na patogênese estão: liberação de moduladores inflamatórios, proteína beta-amilóide (Aβ) e outras substâncias neurotóxicas, que induzem a neuroinflamação; aumento da permeabilidade das membranas no trato gastrointestinal e na barreira hematoencefálica, facilitando o aumento da agregação Aβ e lipopolissacarídeos, redução de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta (SCFAs) e baixos níveis de ácido γ-aminobutírico (GABA); excitotoxicidade do glutamato associada à neurodegeneração tardia; diferença nos níveis de aminoácidos e SCFAs, associando o APOE4 à DA. Conclui-se que os principais mecanismos de associação entre disbiose e DA envolvem acumulado de Aβ e emaranhados neurofibrilares, astrogliose associada à ativação microglial, neuroinflamação, estresse oxidativo e lesão de neurônios colinérgicos. E, apesar da disbiose ser associada a fatores genéticos, tem aumentado o número de estudos relacionando-a a fatores comportamentais como dieta, uso excessivo de antibióticos e disfunções metabólicas passíveis de controle.
SPECIFICS OF LATE HOLOCENE SEDIMENTATION IN THE CHUKCHI SEA INFERRED FROM GRAIN SIZE AND MINERALOGICAL ANALYSES OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS
Authors: Vologina E.G. , Kolesnik A.N. , Kolesnik O.N. , Selyutin S.A. 
Published: December 2024

The aim of this work is to elucidate the specifics of recent sedimentation in the Chukchi Sea, based on the study of the material composition of Late Holocene bottom sediments. Analytical methods included grain size and mineralogical analyses. The results of 210Pb and 137Cs dating were used. The sediments are clayey silt and silty clay containing sand admixture and single gravel grains and pebble. The content of coarse-grained material increases slightly in the upper parts of the studied sections. This is probably due to the greater contribution of ice rafting to the recent Chukchi Sea sedimentation as a result of climate warming. The ultrafine- and fine-grained (0.25–0.05 mm) sandy material is dominated by light-fraction minerals. Volcanic glass was discovered in the sediments sampled in the southern and central areas of the Chukchi Sea. It might have been transported from the volcanoes of Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, and the Kamchatka Peninsula through the Bering Strait by the Pacific currents directed from south to north. The sediments collected in the southern, central, and northern areas of the Chukchi Sea differ in grain size and mineral composition. This is probably due to their remoteness from the coastline and provenance areas and is also caused by different rates of sedimentation.
Pseudoisotherm: A Revised Concept of Desorption Phenomena of Coalbed Gas Reservoirs Integrating Isotherm, Material Balance, and Pressure for Optimized Field Development
Authors: Parida B. P. , Sinharay R. , Upadhyay R. , Dixit M. 
Published: December 2024

Summary
Gas in the coal is found mainly in the form of adsorbed methane on the surface of micropores. Methane desorbs and diffuses from micropores to cleat systems; then, the cleat network delivers the gas to the wellbore. The Langmuir isotherm empirically explains this phenomenon, a plot between pressure and adsorbed gas content (GC). The isotherm is generated in a laboratory, indicating how a particular reservoir will desorb the gas from the coal surface with a reduction in pressure throughout the production stage from startup to abandonment. This study aims to validate the laboratory-derived isotherm after a few years of field production, impacting the revised development plan for infill wells.
Assuming that the initially established isotherm is correct, the difference between the initial and current adsorbed gas volume should match closely with the produced gas volume. However, production analysis after 5 years indicates that the calculated produced gas volume is significantly higher than the observed, thus invalidating the fundamental material balance equation. This triggers the question: What is wrong with using the initially established adsorption isotherm in recovery calculations of depleted coal reservoirs, and how can it be corrected?
This necessitates revision/review of isotherms to match current pressure and GC/gas in place (GIP = area × current GC × thickness × density). As explained before, for coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs, GC, cumulative gas production, and current reservoir pressure are direct measurements and require a solid logic to change the parameters. On the other hand, a Langmuir isotherm is a laboratory-derived isotherm from a representative sample of coal with inherent uncertainties from sampling to measurement. Hence, the isotherm shape is modified based on production data analysis and associated material balance results.
Considering all these empirical calculations, the laboratory isotherm is revised to satisfy both initial and current reservoir conditions. This solution is validated with hard field data in the form of new core holes drilled after 3 years of production. The pressure and GC measured in those core holes were plotted, which matched the pseudoisotherm, validating the new concept.
Instead of using the laboratory-derived core-scale isotherm throughout field life, it is modified with respect to production data analysis and material balance to make it a field-scale isotherm. In the coalbed gas or CBM industry, a new name is coined as “pseudoisotherm” to differentiate it from laboratory-derived isotherm. This method can be used in other reservoirs to optimize field development through infill wells during the production stage and unlock the full potential of coal-gas reservoirs.
The incidence and influencing factors of suicide attempts in major depressive disorder patients comorbid with moderate-to-severe anxiety: a large-scale cross-sectional study
Authors: Ren Lina , Dong Yeqing , Zhang Chuhao , Gao Jiajia , Zhang Xiao , Zeng Min , Luo Guoshuai , Zhang Xiangyang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a recurrent and persistent mental illness. However, there is a lack of research that distinguishes the severity of comorbid anxiety disorders in MDD, and insufficient evidence exists regarding the prevalence of MDD patients with comorbid moderate-to-severe anxiety in the Chinese population.
Methods
The study included 1718 MDD patients (894 with moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms and 824 without moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms). Clinical symptoms and development were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale-14 (HAMA-14), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Clinical Global Impression (CGI). The blood pressure and thyroid hormone levels were measured.
Results
We found that the incidence of MDD patients with moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms was 52.04%. The prevalence of suicide attempts in MDD comorbid moderate-to-severe anxiety patients was 31.8%, which was 4.58 times higher than that in patients without moderate-to-severe anxiety. Additionally, suicide attempters had elevated levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb), thyroid peroxidases antibody (TPOAb), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) compared to non-suicide attempters. We further identified CGI score, TSH, TPOAb, and DBP as influential factors for suicide attempts in MDD individuals who had moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms. These indexes could distinguish between suicide attempts and non-suicide attempts in MDD patients with moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms.
Conclusions
Our findings mainly indicated a high prevalence of suicide attempts in MDD patients with moderate-to-severe anxiety. Several clinical correlates, thyroid hormones, and blood pressure might contribute to suicide attempts in MDD patients with moderate-to-severe anxiety symptoms.