bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstituting historical stratigraphy: Ugarit’s Temple of Dagan
Authors: Teba Tarek , Theodossopoulos Dimitris 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test critical conservation approaches through conceptual architectural interventions that integrate the evolution of a significant urban building, the Temple of Dagan in Ugarit, the capital of an important Bronze Age civilisation in Syria, with the pre-existing phases of the site and offer a paradigm for the presentation of the city’s evolution. This reflection aims to investigate how far the remaining fabric can frame the original architectural experience of the place allowing the visitors of the ruins to contextualise the architectural development of the temple.

Design/methodology/approach
A detailed reading of archaeological reports and the French mission’s architectural interpretation as well as in situ surveys and architectural and urban analyses were carried out to inform this conservation reflection, which primarily explores the potential of critical conservation approaches for key architectural interventions. The main vehicle is a virtual reconstruction approach to probe the proposed critical conservation principles and their success in highlighting the stratigraphy of a site.

Findings
The work shows that critical conservation approaches can make a distinct contribution to the understanding of the ruins; in particular, the virtual approach can handle effectively the presentation of the intangible experience of the temple (original processional routes) and its archaeological stratigraphy.

Research limitations/implications
The poor condition of the temple, being exposed for more than 80 years after excavation, have limited further architectural analysis as some evidence is confusing to read in situ. The pre-conservation analysis, therefore, was based more on the archaeological mission’s work, which is comprehensive.

Social implications
The reconstitution of the temple’s architectural layers in a coherent narrative will have educational value as it will highlight the development of architectural perception and techniques during the Bronze Age. Debate on the application of such tools by managers of the site may enhance the visitors’ appreciation of the ruins. The digital output itself constitutes an engaging material that enhances the public understanding of the site and its rich stratigraphy.

Originality/value
The study is the first attempt to constitute an architectural experience out of the confusing ruins integrating the archaeological evidence in the frame of contemporary conservation and architectural design. As one of the predominant urban artefacts in Ugarit, the Temple of Dagan witnessed at least a millennium of the city’s history and thus the conservation strategy of its intense development and stratification reflects the whole city.
Students’ awareness and perception of the value of BIM and 4D for site health and safety management
Authors: Swallow Mark , Zulu Sambo 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The education sector is at the forefront of developing tomorrow’s construction professionals. It is therefore important that with the current rate of change in the construction industry, education curriculum should be seen to be relevant. An area that is revolutionising the construction industry is the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM), including its potential for improving H&S on construction sites. This paper aims to focus on the perception of higher education (HE) students on the potential impact of 4D modelling on the management of site health and safety on construction sites.

Design/methodology/approach
A quasi-experimental approach was adopted to determine student’s perception of the extent to which 4D modelling and simulation can impact H&S management. Pre-test and post-test students’ perceptions of the value of 4D to management of health and safety were compared.

Findings
The influence of education was examined by using two main students groups, one group studying BIM modules within their course while the other group did not. Although minimal perception differences regarding key impacts of 4D were highlighted, the awareness differences were significant. The study demonstrated the perception of benefits regarding 4D for H&S being in the planning of site logistics, visualisation, programme accuracy and risk reduction. The study highlights the importance of relevant education, to increase awareness of 4D for Health and Safety.

Originality/value
While most of the studies reported in academic literature on education and training related to university/tertiary education, this study focused on the higher education level students. It considered this as an equally important cohort as the graduates will also contribute to health and safety management on construction sites. The study also demonstrated the value of including technology based H&S training to mirror developments in the construction industry.
A mixed methods research toward a framework of a maintenance management model
Authors: Naji Amal , EL Oumami Mohamed , Bouksour Otmane , Beidouri Zitouni 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a picture of the maintenance management status in a sample of Moroccan industries through highlighting the most impacting factors. A preliminary framework of a maintenance management model is proposed on the basis of the study findings.

Design/methodology/approach
A mixed methods research (MMR), including qualitative and quantitative independent studies, was conducted in a sample of Moroccan industries. The process of collecting data involved submission of questionnaires to industrial managers and on-site visits. Analyzing case studies and correlations between maintenance factors were used to define the status of maintenance management. The preliminary framework of a maintenance management model was presented through a basic graph.

Findings
The surveyed companies have three levels of maintenance management: inner, medium and good. The most impacting maintenance factors include the top management policy and maintenance department approach. Most of the companies surveyed do not have an overall maintenance model, as most of decisions are based on random factors rather than the data analysis approach. The preliminary framework of maintenance management model involves the main factors with recommendations to improve maintenance management performance.

Research limitations/implications
The sample in this study is limited to seven companies in the qualitative study and thirty-one companies in the quantitative study. The informants are the industrial managers of those companies. In order to apply this maintenance model in industry, an advanced version of this model is to be developed through providing key performance indicators (KPI) and an implementation process for each factor, including other participants in the companies from top management and operational levels.

Practical implications
The study may contribute to assess maintenance management and to develop a framework of maintenance management models in industries, especially when no previous basic study was conducted in a specific context.

Originality/value
The original contribution of this paper is using MMR to develop a preliminary framework of a maintenance management model. This methodology aims to narrow the gap between academic studies and maintenance management in industries.
Dorothea Lange
Authors: Hubbard Janie 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Dorothea Lange was one of the first US documentary photographers, and she was empowered by the belief that seeing the effects of injustice, in photographs, could elicit social and political reform. She famously documented the plight of Dust Bowl migrants during the US. Great Depression and harsh difficulties endured by incarcerated Japanese Americans during the Second World War. Lange’s photographs brought suppressed issues of class and race to the surface, depicting those impacted by national tragedies into recognizable, honorable, determined individuals. By showing Americans how suffering and injustice look in real life, she stimulated empathy and compassion. This inquiry is not particularly about the Great Depression or Japanese Internment, though disciplinary concept lessons would certainly support students’ prior knowledge. This lesson focuses students’ attention on broader ideas regarding social justice and how social and political documentary photography transform people’s views about distressing problems, even today. Supporting questions are: How can deep analysis of photographs affect our thoughts and emotions about social issues? What is empathy? How can social documentary photography affect people’s emotions? Supporting questions guide students to answer the greater compelling question, How can visuals, such as photographs, impact social change? The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This is an inquiry lesson plan based on a National Council for the Social Studies Notable Trade book for Young People award winner, Dorothea’s Eyes, written by Barb Rosenstock.

Findings
The paper is a lesson plan, which incorporates students’ analyses of primary sources and other research methods to engage the learner in understanding how Dorothea Lange helped change perspectives regarding the need for social and political reform. Though the story is historic, similar social justice topics still persist, worldwide, today.

Originality/value
Through inquiry and research, students begin to learn how social and political documentary photography began in the USA, and students create their own social documentaries. Though the US Great Depression and Japanese Internment are highly relevant within this lesson, the overall, greater message is about class, race, suffering and how to inspire empathy.
Dectin‐2‐mediated signaling triggered by the cell wall polysaccharides of Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Tanno Daiki , Yokoyama Rin , Kawamura Kotone , Kitai Yuki , Yuan Xiaoliang , Ishii Keiko , De Jesus Magdia , Yamamoto Hideki , Sato Ko , Miyasaka Tomomitsu , Shimura Hiroki , Shibata Nobuyuki , Adachi Yoshiyuki , Ohno Naohito , Yamasaki Sho , Kawakami Kazuyoshi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCryptococcus neoformans is rich in polysaccharides of the cell wall and capsule. Dectin‐2 recognizes high‐mannose polysaccharides and plays a central role in the immune response to fungal pathogens. Previously, we demonstrated Dectin‐2 was involved in the activation of dendritic cells upon stimulation with C. neoformans, suggesting the existence of a ligand recognized by Dectin‐2. In the present study, we examined the cell wall structures of C. neoformans contributing to the Dectin‐2‐mediated activation of immune cells. In a NFAT‐GFP reporter assay of the reported cells expressing Dectin‐2, the lysates, but not the whole yeast cells, of an acapsular strain of C. neoformans (Cap67) delivered Dectin‐2‐mediated signaling. This activity was detected in the supernatant of β‐glucanase‐treated Cap67 and more strongly in the semi‐purified polysaccharides of this supernatant using ConA‐affinity chromatography (ConA‐bound fraction), in which a large amount of saccharides, but not protein, were detected. Treatment of this supernatant with periodic acid and the addition of excessive mannose, but not glucose or galactose, strongly inhibited this activity. The ConA‐bound fraction of the β‐glucanase‐treated Cap67 supernatant was bound to Dectin‐2‐Fc fusion protein in a dose‐dependent manner and strongly induced the production of interleukin‐12p40 and tumour necrosis factor‐α by dendritic cells; this was abrogated under the Dectin‐2‐deficient condition. Finally, 98 kDa mannoprotein (MP98) derived from C. neoformans showed activation of the reporter cells expressing Dectin‐2. These results suggested that a ligand with mannose moieties may exist in the cell walls and play a critical role in the activation of dendritic cells during infection with C. neoformans.
Microencapsulation of Saffron Petal Phenolic Extract: Their Characterization, In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion, and Storage Stability
Authors: Ahmadian Zahra , Niazmand Razieh , Pourfarzad Amir 
Published: September 2019

AbstractSaffron petal, as a byproduct of saffron processing, contains a considerable amount of antioxidant compounds. In the present study, the effect of drying methods (spray and freeze) and different wall structures (maltodextrin and pectin) was investigated on the physicochemical characteristics of microcapsules of saffron petal extracts. Results showed that the increase of the pectin ratio in wall composition leads to the increase of polyphenols content and antioxidant activity of microcapsules. Microencapsulation efficiency and loading capacity in pectin‐contained samples were higher than pure maltodextrin samples. Moreover, microcapsules obtained from spray drying method had higher microencapsulation efficiency and loading capacity in comparison with microcapsules obtained from freeze drying method. Also, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry have been shown to be useful tools for establishing the difference between produced microcapsules. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to evaluate the polyphenolic compounds of the microsphere. The chromatograms obtained from both encapsulation methods indicated high levels of routine in microcapsules of saffron petal extract. In addition, the release of polyphenols from microcapsules of saffron petal extract was evaluated under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The results indicated that the release behavior of the microcapsules varied according to the type of drying method and wall composition. To assess the shelf life, the microcapsules were kept at different temperatures and relative humidities for 16 weeks. The microcapsules produced by freeze drying and containing high levels of pectin in wall composition had the highest antioxidant activity when kept in relative humidity of 11% and temperature of 4 °C.Practical ApplicationSaffron petal is the huge amount of saffron by‐product and contains a number of various antioxidant compounds. Microencapsulation of its valuable compounds results in preventing the destruction of these compounds by environmental factors and their increased bioavailability. Indeed, this paper focuses on the release of microencapsulated powder in the simulated system of the digestive system that helps us to improve the shelf life of the final product during the process and controlled release of compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Prospective, observational study of carbon dioxide gaps and free energy change and their association with fluid therapy following cardiac surgery
Authors: Mahendran Sajeev , Nguyen John , Butler Ethan , Aneman Anders 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundVenoarterial carbon dioxide pressure (pv‐aCO2) and content (Cv‐aCO2) differences, including the ratio to arteriovenous oxygen content difference (Ca‐vO2), and free energy changes (−∆∆Ga‐v) may reflect tissue hypoperfusion. The associations with changes in cardiac output (CO) or oxygen consumption (VO2) following fluid bolus administration were investigated.MethodsSingle‐centre, observational study of 89 adult post‐operative cardiac surgical patients admitted to ICU. The pv‐aCO2, Cv‐aCO2 and their ratios to Ca‐vO2 as well as the −∆∆Ga‐v were determined before and after a 250‐500 mL fluid bolus using arterial, central venous and mixed venous blood gas analyses. Responses associated with changes ≥ or <15% in CO or oxygen consumption (VO2) were compared.ResultsIn 234 boluses, the mixed venous to arterial pv‐aCO2 and its ratio to Ca‐vO2 were independently associated with an increase in CO; odds ratio 1.3 (95% CI 1.1‐1.5) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.5‐1.9) respectively, P < .001) and VO2; odds ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.3‐3.1), P < .001 for Ca‐vO2. No measures of pv‐aCO2, Cv‐aCO2 or related ratios to the Ca‐vO2 were associated with an increase in CO ≥15% following a single volume bolus. The mixed venous and central venous Cv‐aCO2 to Ca‐vO2 ratios were different for the first bolus episode only; mean differences 0.81 (95% CI 0.13‐1.5), P = .02 and 0.44 (95% CI 0.06‐0.82), P = .02, respectively, for increased VO2 ≥ 15%. The −∆∆Ga‐v did not change.ConclusionThe venoarterial carbon dioxide gradients and related calculations to assess the adequacy of tissue perfusion before a fluid bolus were not associated with subsequent increases in CO of oxygen consumption.
Editorial CommentIn some shock conditions, regional tissue hypoperfusion can be obvious and arterio‐venous differences for CO2 or O2 may reflect this. This is not always the case; sometimes there are A‐V differences or even a high lactate level without any obvious regional tissue hypoperfusion. Fluid therapy is a cornerstone in shock resuscitation treatment, but determining optimal fluid therapy is challenging, particularly as fluid overload may be detrimental. Fluid challenges are used as an “ex juvantebus” method to dose fluid therapy, but it is not clear if a positive response reflects a state of hypoperfusion or the existence of a cardiac reserve. Still, a better understanding on how to target and guide fluid therapy is welcome, and studies digging into the problem are needed. Here, invasively monitored post‐operative cardiac surgery patients are assessed as a model to investigate if carbon dioxide gaps and free energy charge may be useful in detecting possible tissue hypoperfusion.
Unobserved ties between corporate executives and mutual fund managers
Authors: Lin Jing , Ling Leng , Zhou Mingshan 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAfter corporate executives relocate from origin firms to destination firms, only 3.6 percent of mutual fund managers follow the departing executives: they divest from origin firms while initiating investments in destination firms. This phenomenon is more pronounced for those funds that earned superior returns from investments in the origin firms, and that demand more information regarding the destination firms. Further, comigration funds’ holding changes in destination firms more accurately predict cumulative abnormal returns around earnings announcements than do their investments in other stocks and non‐comigration funds’ new investments. Hiring the migrating executives does not improve the destination firms’ operating performance.
Health monitoring of young children with Down syndrome: A parent‐report study
Authors: Mengoni Silvana E. , Redman Sandra 
Published: September 2019

Accessible summary

Young children with Down syndrome often have serious health conditions, such as heart or thyroid problems.

It is important that health professionals follow guidelines to make sure that these health conditions are diagnosed and treated.

We asked parents of children with Down syndrome aged 0–5 years whether their child had received health care as set out in the guidelines.

Parents reported that guidelines were mostly followed at birth and for diagnosed health conditions. Guidelines were less likely to be followed after birth and for checking for undiagnosed health conditions.

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Down syndrome have an increased risk of serious health conditions, particularly in early childhood. Published guidelines promote the identification and monitoring of health issues and adherence could reduce health inequalities, yet there is limited research about the extent to which health monitoring occurs as recommended. This study aimed to investigate the health monitoring of children with Down syndrome aged 0–5 years in the UK.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four parents of children with Down syndrome with a mean age of 32 months (10–65 months) participated. They completed a questionnaire about their child's healthcare usage, diagnoses of health conditions and whether health checks had been completed at birth and since birth. The results of the questionnaires were charted and compared to the schedule of checks produced by the Down Syndrome Medical Interest Group UK.ResultsChildren with Down syndrome had high usage of health services and reported significant health issues. There was high adherence to published guidelines for the majority of health checks at birth, although 38% of children had not received all recommended checks. Not all health domains had been monitored since birth for all children, particularly breathing and blood (excluding thyroid). With the potential exception of sleep apnoea, diagnosed conditions appeared to be monitored.ConclusionsThis study suggests that health monitoring after birth and screening for nondiagnosed health conditions is variable for children with Down syndrome. Further research should examine convergence of these findings with medical records and clinicians' experiences across the UK.
Acellular mineralized allogenic block bone graft does not remodel during the 10 weeks following concurrent implant placement in a rabbit femoral model
Authors: Cohen D. Joshua , Scott Kayla M. , Kulkarni Aniket N. , Wayne Jennifer S. , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesDue to bone loss, endosseous implants often require addition of a bone graft to support adequate primary fixation, bone regeneration, and osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare effectiveness of autogenic and allogenic bone grafts when used during simultaneous insertion of the implant.Materials and Methods4‐mm‐diameter rabbit diaphyseal bone autografts or allografts (n = 16/group) with a 3.2‐mm pre‐drilled hole in the center were placed into a 4 mm defect in the proximal femur of 3.5 kg male New Zealand White rabbits. Machined 3.2 × 10 mm grit‐blasted, acid‐etched titanium–aluminum–vanadium (Ti6Al4V) implants were placed. Control implants were placed into progressively drilled 3.2‐mm holes in the contralateral limbs. Post‐insertion day 70, samples were analyzed by micro‐CT and calcified histology, or by mechanical torque and push‐out testing followed by decalcified histology.ResultsBoth grafts were integrated with the native bone. Micro‐CT showed less bone volume (BV) and bone volume/total volume (BV/TV) in the allograft group, but histology showed no differences in BV or BV/TV between groups. Allograft lacked living cells, whereas autograft was cellularized. No difference was found in maximum removal torque between groups. Compressive loading at the graft‐to‐bone interface was significantly lower in allograft compared with autograft groups.ConclusionsThere was less bone in contact with the implant and significantly less maximum compressive load in the allograft group compared with autograft. The allograft remained acellular as demonstrated by empty lacunae. Taken together, block allograft implanted simultaneously with an implant produces a poorer quality bone compared with autograft.