bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized methods for computing joint eigenvalues, with applications to multiparameter eigenvalue problems and root finding
Authors: He Haoze , Kressner Daniel , Plestenjak Bor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt is well known that a family of $${n}\times {n}$$

n
×
n

commuting matrices can be simultaneously triangularized by a unitary similarity transformation. The diagonal entries of the triangular matrices define the n joint eigenvalues of the family. In this work, we consider the task of numerically computing approximations to such joint eigenvalues for a family of (nearly) commuting matrices. This task arises, for example, in solvers for multiparameter eigenvalue problems and systems of multivariate polynomials, which are our main motivations. We propose and analyze a simple approach that computes eigenvalues as one-sided or two-sided Rayleigh quotients from eigenvectors of a random linear combination of the matrices in the family. We provide some analysis and numerous numerical examples, showing that such randomized approaches can compute semisimple joint eigenvalues accurately and lead to improved performance of existing solvers.
Exploring the Impact of Social, Cultural, and Science Factors on Students’ STEM Career Preferences
Authors: Mansour Nasser 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe declining interest in STEM careers in the United Kingdom has raised concerns, prompting this study to explore the intricate relationship between social, cultural, and scientific identities and their impact on students’ inclination towards science and technology career pathways. Additionally, the study examines the associations between gender, gender-related job preferences, and career choices. Data were collected from 1,618 primary and secondary students in the UK. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including regression analysis and multivariate analysis, were employed for analysis. The key findings revealed a significant interaction effect between gender and gender-related job preferences. Social factors were identified as significant mediators, amplifying the influence of gender on career decisions and shaping gender-related job preferences. Cultural factors, particularly related to ethnicity, were found to shape job preferences, while religious affiliation did not exhibit a significant effect. Students’ perceptions of science, stereotypes associated with science professionals, and engagement in science extracurricular activities were positively correlated with a greater likelihood of expressing interest in STEM careers, demonstrating the influential impact of science factors on forming students’ STEM career choices. Interestingly, the type of education (primary or secondary) did not significantly impact job preferences, suggesting that preferences may become more refined or influenced by external factors as students progress in their education.
Pharmaceutical Company’s Choices of Indication for the First Clinical Projects in Oncological Drug Development in the United States
Authors: Wu Can , Ono Shunsuke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe analyzed factors shaping the choice of the lead indication (i.e., cancer type) in the first clinical development projects of new oncological drugs in the United States (US), and how the type of pharmaceutical company is related to this choice. We selected 576 new clinical development projects in the US since 2000 for analysis. These projects were characterized according to three potential perspectives detected by multiple correspondence analysis: the morbidity of the cancer type which corresponds to market size of each cancer type, the company’s previous experience with the cancer type, and the company’s attitude to development risks. Mega firms tend to choose cancer types with higher morbidity (and large-market), previously experienced cancer types, while diverse small firms choose both major and rare cancers and both high- and low-risk projects, indicating that different sizes of firms utilize different development entry patterns. Common tendencies concerning the choice of lead indication were found across all companies. Cancer types the company had developed and launched in the past were more likely to be chosen; cancer types with high five-year survival rates and those with high competition were less likely to be chosen. The study showed that pharmaceutical companies seem to enter clinical development from cancer types where they can demonstrate their strengths and advantages through experience, depending on each cancer type’s different market sizes and development difficulties. The results could provide clues for considering what support measures and incentives are appropriate to balance the efficiency of industrial development and the fulfillment of society’s unmet medical needs.
The Theology of the Books of Ezra and Nehemiah
Authors: Nam Roger S. 
Published: October 2024

In the opening verses of the Book of Ezra-Nehemiah, King Cyrus exhorts the exiled Judeans to return to Jerusalem to restore worship in Jerusalem. It then narrates this restoration through the construction of the temple, the repair of the city walls, and the commitment to the written Torah. In this volume, Roger Nam offers a new and compelling argument regarding the theology of Ezra-Nehemiah: that the Judeans' return migration, which extended over several generations, had a totalizing effect on the people. Repatriation was not a single event, but rather a multi-generational process that oscillated between assimilation and preservation of culture. Consequently, Ezra-Nehemiah presents a unique theological perspective. Nam explores the book's prominent theological themes, including trauma, power, identity, community, worship, divine presence, justice, hope, and others – all of which take on a nuanced expression in diaspora. He also shows how and why Ezra-Nehemiah naturally found a rich reception among emerging early Christian and Jewish interpretive communities.
Update on outpatient antibiotic prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic: United States, 2020–2022
Authors: Bizune Destani , Gouin Katryna , Powell Lauren , Hersh Adam L. , Hicks Lauri A. , Kabbani Sarah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe updated a descriptive analysis of national outpatient antibiotic prescribing during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prescribing volume was lower during 2020 and January–June in 2021 and 2022 compared to corresponding baseline months in 2019. Prescribing approached or exceeded baseline during July–December of 2021 and 2022 for all antibiotics, especially for azithromycin.
Access scarcity, legislative generalization, and the business-oriented shift of the congressional agenda
Authors: Heberlig Eric S. , Larson Bruce 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Policy specialization in the U.S. Congress benefits the institution collectively and members individually. Yet members of Congress (MCs) are insufficiently specialized to optimize lawmaking success (Volden and Wiseman 2020). In this paper, we demonstrate the increasing propensity of MCs to generalize legislatively is driven largely by an expansion of MC legislative agendas in business domains. We then offer and test an explanation for this trend whereby business’s increasing demand for congressional attention (Drutman 2015) has outpaced the supply of congressional capacity to serve business needs (Crossen, Furnas, LaPira, and Burgat 2020; McKay 2022). This unmet demand incentivizes MCs to expand their business portfolio, which results in increased campaign contributions from business political action committees (PACs). We provide evidence consistent with this theory, showing that under conditions of access scarcity, MCs benefit financially (in terms of increased business PAC contributions) by broadening the number of business domains they are active in legislatively.
REDCap as an accreditation tool for academic programs in clinical research: A case study
Authors: Tafuto Barbara , Lechner Doreen W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Master of Science in Clinical Research Management program at Rutgers Biomedical Health Sciences underwent significant restructuring aligned with the Clinical and Translational Science Award funding parameters. This evolution necessitated formal evaluation through accreditation by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs. The years-long accreditation process posed challenges, particularly regarding the collection of course learning outcomes data aligned with accreditation competency standards. The objective of this special communication is to report the rationale behind pursuing accreditation for clinical research degrees, the data collection challenges during the accreditation process, and a potential solution. In order to address existing university metric data gaps, Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) software was used to develop a data collection tool that streamlined the accreditation process and reduced the administrative burden. REDCap was effective in allowing faculty to self-report 3 years of course outcomes data for accreditation. There was an elevated level of user satisfaction compared to alternative data collection methods. A SWOT analysis identified the strengths and weaknesses of using REDCap, emphasizing strengths in functionality that include customizability, data validation, and compliance with regulatory standards. Overall, the advantages of leveraging REDCap for accreditation data collection, including customization, data security, and user-friendliness outweigh the key disadvantage of REDCap, which is its limited reporting capabilities.
A Brief Report of Response Team Members’ Perspectives on an Interteam Full-Scale Mass Casualty Incident Exercise in Norway
Authors: Leonardsen Ann-Chatrin Linqvist , Westmark Fredrik , Syversen Kjell Gunnar , Ulvøy Linn Eik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
A mass casualty incident (MCI) is unpredictable and involves many casualties at the same time and place. This brief report will present the results from an evaluation a full-scale MCI exercise, aiming to increase preparedness for such events, from the perspectives of future health-care professionals, as well as personnel in various emergency teams taking part in MCI response.

Methods
All participants in a 2-day, full-scale MCI exercise (N = 206) were invited to participate in an investigator-developed survey.

Results
In total, 124 participants (60.2%) responded to the questionnaire. Most of the respondents were satisfied with the information and frames of the full-scale MCI exercise. Based on their experiences, over half of the respondents perceived that the county ambulance, police, and fire departments were well prepared in case of an MCI in the future. Reported areas of improvement were specifically related to communication lines and triage.

Conclusion
Weakness in communication lines and triage were assumed a threat to effective handling of MCIs. However, further studies are needed to decide the content needed in MCI exercises to effectively increase regional preparedness for such events.
Virtual reality as Distraction Interventions for Medical Health Care
Authors: Talib Hashim Hashim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) technology is perfect with the help of pc, laptop and virtual world integration awareness. The current analysis argues on the application of VR technology inclinic, especially in medical training, panic controlling, any phobia like eating, flying, height phobia etc. therapeutic cure of mental disorder. This research gives a short survey in the field of VR, emphasizing application fields, technological necessities, and present solutions. This research offers the first signal toward the incoming hypnotic virtual atmosphere can be help like a powerful tool, no pharmacologic pain killer. With the use of VR environment, they distract them from pain during panic medication, like chemotherapy, burn medication is so much panic treatment when sterile gauze dressing change we need to distract the attention of patient. These initial conclusions recommended that immersive Virtual Reality more care as a potentially feasible form of therapy forcritical pain. Flying phobia is extremely prevailing nervousness illness, which causes patients suffering and lifeinterfering. VR provide effectiveness treatment of flying phobia, small animal phobia, Claustrophobia etc. By distracting the attention from actual world. Virtual Reality experience treatment is compared by “Imagine experience treatment” (i.e. virtual reality experience treatment completes by imagination). Aim of this paper recourses documentation process, lecturer interview and mathematical measurements to research the use of VR technology scientific development in virtual reality technology. Our present conclusion shows how intellectual factors essential in operator can impact the feature of the human-computer interface (using VR). Therapy authorizations reduced individuals to discover worlds not otherwise accessible to them, permits exact valuation and treatment for their injury and helps their serious requirements in community or personal. And to help these progressive technologies, the operation theater and hospital of the future will be first designed and verified in virtual reality, connecting the full power of the virtual medical doctor. In almost every field we can treat with Virtual Reality simulators, investigators have attained at the same result that both specialists and sufferer gain advantage from this technology. Furthermore, benefits the utilization of Virtual Reality technology in every field were review. Virtual reality is use to distract the attention.
Laissez-faire Approach to Disaster Risk Reduction: A Case Study of Floods in Belgrade, Serbia
Authors: Mitrović Veselin L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The city was hit by a flood on July 5, 2022. Afterwards, the mayor of Belgrade declared that no one should be blamed because we cannot influence God’s will. Objective is examination of the relationship between such a laissez-faire approach to Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) from the city government, and some groups from hill areas (historically not flooded), who were flooded and have started to develop DRR approaches to adequately respond to the next possible flood.

Methods
Participant observation site work is in progress and includes 32 households in the residential hill area of Belgrade that experienced its first rain floods from 2019 to 2023. DRR is represented through self-installed special devices on the city sewage network. The data collection and analysis included narrative analysis and sociological analysis of photographs. All data was first anonymized as some practices were viewed as legitimate but not always legal.

Results
During the relevant three years, the number of non-flooded homes increased proportionally with increasing self-installation of special devices on their city sewage system

Conclusions
Groups left without official DRR policies can develop resilience through individual actions in communal infrastructure and find ways to resist natural hazards and government laissez-faire DRR.
Repeatability, Reproducibility, and Diagnostic Accuracy of a Commercial Large Language Model (ChatGPT) to Perform Disaster Triage Using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) Protocol
Authors: Franc Jeffrey Michael , Hertelendy Atilla , Cheng Lenard , Hata Ryan , Verde Manuela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The release of ChatGPT in November 2022 drastically lowered the barrier to artificial intelligence with an intuitive web-based interface to a large language model. This study addressed the research problem: “Can ChatGPT adequately triage simulated disaster patients using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) tool?”

Methods
Five trained disaster medicine physicians developed nine prompts. A Python script queried ChatGPT Version 4 with each prompt combined with 391 validated patient vignettes. Ten repetitions of each combination were performed: 35190 simulated triages.

Results
A valid START score was returned In 35102 queries (99.7%). There was considerable variability in the results. Repeatability (use of the same prompt repeatedly) was responsible for 14.0% of overall variation. Reproducibility (use of different prompts) was responsible for 4.1% of overall variation. Accuracy of ChatGPT for START was 61.4% with a 5.0% under-triage rate and a 33.6% over-triage rate. Accuracy varied by prompt between 45.8% and 68.6%.

Conclusions
This study suggests that the current ChatGPT large language model is not sufficient for triage of simulated patients using START due to poor repeatability and accuracy. Medical practitioners should be aware that while ChatGPT can be a valuable tool, it may lack consistency and may provide false information.
Validating Disaster Medicine Experts’ Feedback Outcome Using Artificial Intelligence Computing Techniques
Authors: Farhat Hassan , Helou Mariana , Bajow Nidaa , Abougalala Walid , AL-Shaikh Loua , Laughton James , Dhiab Mohamed Ben , Alinier Guillaume 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) computing techniques to determine if they can validate the findings of a previously published thematic analysis article focusing on disaster medicine experts’ open-ended feedback about Middle East and North African countries (MENA) for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats.

Methods
Automated text analytics techniques were employed to explore and visualize the semantic essence of the experts’ feedback through word vector transformation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction. The t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is another more advanced dimensionality reduction technique that enhanced the capturing of the determined components.

Results
Two prominent clusters emerged from the full textual data set representing word similarities groups in the original data set, denoting a thematic group of ideas that experts have emphasized in their responses. Upon deep reading the text feedback, the themes linked preparedness with different training types, such as tabletop exercises and policies/legislation. The findings are in line with currently adopted practices.

Conclusions
While AI methods demonstrated their valuable application in disaster medicine and helped validate the experts’ recommendations objectively, they should be approached cautiously, as they can be complex and challenging to comprehend fully.
Chatbots for Change Playbook: A Practical Guide and Modular Toolkit on How to Create, Grow, and Sustain Your Chatbot for Disaster Medicine
Authors: Gagnaire Kirsten 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Chatbots, conversational agents providing access to information and services through interaction in everyday language, can make essential health information and services more accessible, available, and affordable. Kati Collective, together with Meta, worked to identify, outline, and develop some of the most critical tools and processes required to leverage chatbots for social good with a focus on health. The results of this work are compiled in a comprehensive, modular playbook. We propose to share our learnings and guide participants of our session to explore the existing uses, benefits, trade-offs, and challenges of using chatbots in disaster medicine.

Methods
There are significant challenges and barriers to scale, impact, and sustainability of their chatbot interventions. In response to these challenges, we used a participatory design process, landscape analysis, desk research and interviews with key stakeholders in the digital for development space to inform which content to include and in what format to best connect information to action.

Results
The Playbook contains key information, tools, exercises, and resources organized into four interrelated modules based on barriers and enablers.

Conclusions
This Playbook is particularly relevant in analysis, planning, strategizing and design phases of the chatbot project lifecycle and is highly extensible to disaster medicine.
My Data, My Body, My Rights: Help Shape this Initiative!
Authors: Gagnaire Kirsten 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
the line between our physical and digital selves becomes increasingly blurry, sexual, and reproductive data rights must be safeguarded as a key lever of bodily autonomy and gender equality.

Methods
Kati Collective will facilitate an engaging workshop on protecting personal sexual reproductive health data rights and bodily autonomy to build a shared understanding of this critical issue and begin to explore pathways for solutions.

Results
Develop co-created policy-level recommendations and pathways to action contributing to improved understanding, alignment and collaboration among key stakeholders, and improved protection, ownership, governance of SRH data.

Conclusions
There is an urgent need for collective action to co-develop policy-level recommendations and pathways to action to protect SRH rights and bodily autonomy.
Resilience of Public Healthcare Systems for ‘Build Back Better’: An Evaluation Analysis Using a Scorecard Approach
Authors: Tayfur Ismail , Kako Mayumi , Gündüz Abdülkadir , Rahman Md Moshiur , Ryan Benjamin , Şimşek Perihan , Garner Shelby , Bayramoğlu Burcu , Öztürk Tuğçe , Teramoto Chie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to assess the public healthcare system by implementing a scorecard in Hatay and Kahramanmaras provinces in Türkiye after the Kahmaranmaras earthquake.

Method
The methodology employing in this study, action research, informs the active interaction between participants who have been involved in disaster risk reduction in the variety of capacities, such as affected local government, emergency medicine department, nursing and care association.

Results
The scorecard application was carried out with 18 participants in Maraş and 22 in Hatay. The scorecard application shows that the items with the lowest scores in Hatay were related to the resilience of public health infrastructure and key health facilities, and the fulfilment of society’s role in disasters. In Maraş, on the other hand, coping with patient surge in disaster, fulfilment of society’s role in disasters, and mental health services in the context of disasters.

Conclusions
With the participation in scorecard workshop, communications between these stakeholders for community public healthcare system can discuss the best way to prepare and collaborate to promote further community disaster risk reduction planning during post-disaster recovery phase.
Criteria for Deployment of the United States National Guard to Domestic Sudden-Onset Natural Disasters: A Scoping Review
Authors: Myles Dickason R. , Davis Terri , Taubman Cara B. , Tin Derrick , Hata Ryan , Weinstein Eric S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To perform a scoping review identifying the criteria for the deployment of the United States National Guard (USNG) to domestic sudden-onset natural disasters to identify the body of literature on which further research and policy decisions may be based.

Methods
On January 23, 2023 authors performed a search to identify texts relevant to the involvement of the USNG response to sudden-onset domestic natural disasters. English language texts from any year were considered. Independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts, then full-texts, then extracted data from included texts.

Results
From 886 search results, 34 texts were included. Fifteen criteria for USNG deployment were identified. Lack of security, power failure, and logistical coordination were the most common criteria. Hurricanes were the most common disaster type in the included results.

Conclusions
Disaster response coordinators may use these results to develop policies optimizing the use of the USNG in disaster response.