bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A screening method to detect BYDV‐PAV resistance in cereals under glasshouse conditions
Authors: Choudhury S. , Al‐Shammari D. , Hu H. , Meinke H. , Westmore G. , Birchall C. , Larkin P. , Zhou M. 
Published: June 2018

A reliable method was developed to screen cereal crops for BYDV‐PAV resistance in glasshouse experiments. This also entailed the evaluation of traits associated with Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) infection such as leaf discolouration, reduction in growth, biomass and yield traits, and percentage of virus‐infected plants, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and tissue blot immunoassay (TBIA). Four glasshouse experiments were conducted with eight wheat, barley and oat varieties inoculated with BYDV‐PAV at the 2‐leaf stage, using different numbers of viruliferous aphids and different inoculation periods and temperatures. Inoculation with 5–10 viruliferous aphids per plant for 4 days led to a high percentage of infection in susceptible varieties, indicating that this is an effective BYDV screening method when selecting for resistance in cereal crops. For barley and oat, visual evaluation of symptoms is considered adequate for assessing BYDV resistance. However, for wheat it is necessary to evaluate BYDV resistance by ELISA/TBIA tests and plant biomass (at early stage) and grain number and yield (at late stage) measurements.
How do mutual recognition agreements influence trade?
Authors: Jang Yong Joon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper empirically tests how the magnitude of trade promotion effects of mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) varies with various mediums. The main rationale for the research is that because an MRA eliminates technical barriers to trade (TBT), the trade promotion effects of MRAs are inversely much stronger if TBT originally restricted trade before their entry into force. Using data on MRAs and international trade in 34 countries and 22 manufacturing sectors covering 1995 to 2009, the paper empirically shows that the trade promotion effects of MRAs can be much stronger, depending on the type of contract, time period after the entry into force, components of exports, and country and industry characteristics such as technology level and global competitiveness. The results will provide insight for policy makers and stakeholders who cooperate with foreign countries in various regulations, especially in developing countries that have low levels of technology, competitiveness, and regulatory governance capacity.
Measuring patients’ health and suffering – the first stages of instrument development
Authors: Andermo Susanne , Sundberg Tobias , Falkenberg Torkel , Nordberg Johanna Hök , Arman Maria 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundPatients have reported unanticipated and transformative health changes in existential character after integrative healthcare rehabilitation. Although there are several instruments measuring patients’ experiences of health, identified instruments do not sufficiently capture patients’ experiences of health and suffering after integrative health care. From a caring science perspective, health and suffering are understood as an integral part of human life. The objective of this study was to develop a first version of an instrument to measure patients’ experiences of health and suffering, focusing on existential signs.MethodsThis Swedish study used a methodological design with three iterative phases for instrument development. Firstly, an item pool was developed based on qualitative patient interviews (n = 64). Subsequently, the relevance of the items was explored in two rounds of cognitive patient interviews (n = 5 and n = 3). Finally, expert consultations (n = 5) were used to further refine the instrument. The construct of the instrument, its dimensions and domains emerged through the iterative development process.ResultsThe first phase development of the instrument resulted in two inter‐related overarching dimensions: existential signs of ‘Health’ and ‘Suffering’, characterised by five domains: ‘Life passion and energy’, ‘Personal freedom’, ‘Relationships’, ‘Presence in life’ and ‘Meaning’. Instrument items were formulated using contemporary language and word pairs to reflect a movement and relation between health and suffering. The cognitive interviews and expert opinions helped refine items and domains.ConclusionsThe dimensions, domains and items of the instrument ‘Existential signs of health and suffering’ are well represented in caring science theories. Further clinical implementation and evaluation of the instrument, including psychometric properties, will allow for greater diversity in terms of context generalisability and patient characteristics. The instrument is anticipated to be of value for evaluations in research, development of healthcare practice and theory development in caring science.
How arteriovenous grafts could help to optimize vascular access management
Authors: Besarab Anatole , Kumbar Lalathaksha 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA one‐size‐fits‐all approach to vascular access for dialysis may be prejudicial. Arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) have high primary failure, failure to mature rate, and late‐stage complications making them unsuitable choice for many patients. Aging of population with chronic kidney disease (CKD) coupled with venous injury during CKD stages depletes suitable superficial veins for AVF creation. The National Institutes of Health consortium demonstrated the difficulty in attaining a functional AVF in hemodialysis patients. Recognition of flaws in AVF and the quest to reduce catheter use bring to the fore the benefits of arteriovenous grafts (AVG). Advances in catheter technologies, flow, care, and antibiotic locks have resulted in significant improvement in catheter‐related infections. However, widespread recognition of catheter‐related complications like central vein stenosis, metastatic infections, and exhaustion of venous access sites preclude their being a viable alternative to AVF, furthering the need to explore AVG as a substitute. Placement of “early cannulation” AVG is a catheter sparing option in patients who are likely to have inadequate fistula maturation. Advances in biohybrid technology and tissue‐engineered grafts are providing a robust opportunity to develop biocompatible graft materials with minimal tissue reactivity and thrombogenicity. Xenografts (bovine carotid artery grafts) are proving to be comparable and, in many cases, better than conventional polytetrafluoroethylene material. Older age, dialysis dependence, and smaller vein size are related to the appropriateness of AVG creation. An individualized approach in selecting optimal upper extremity vascular access option using patient‐specific factors while incorporating the benefits of an AVG would greatly aid in achieving low catheter usage in the dialysis population.
Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma in kidney allograft recipients—A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Gerber Lukas , Gaspert Ariana , Braghetti Antonio , Zwahlen Hugo , Wüthrich Rudolf , Zbinden Reinhard , Mueller Nicolas , Fehr Thomas 
Published: June 2018

AbstractUreaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are common inhabitants of the human genital tract. Increasingly, serious and sometimes fatal infections in immunocompromised hosts have been reported, highlighting their pathogenic potential. We reviewed the clinical impact of positive Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma spp. urine cultures in 10 renal allograft recipients who presented with sterile leukocyturia. Five recipients remained asymptomatic. Five patients were symptomatic with dysuria or pain at the graft site. Three patients developed biopsy‐proven acute graft pyelonephritis with graft dysfunction. One of these patients additionally showed a renal abscess as demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). All were successfully treated. A literature search revealed a substantial number of case reports with severe and sometimes fatal Ureaplasma spp. or Mycoplasma spp. infections in immunocompromised patients. Colonization rate is high in renal transplant patients. A subset of patients is at risk for invasive disease.
The Indigenous Uncanny: Accounting For Ghosts in Recent Indigenous Australian Experimental Media
Authors: Ginsburg Faye 
Published: June 2018

This essay departs from Freud's 1919 essay, Das Unheimliche (The Uncanny), exploring the Indigenous uncanny instantiated in recent works that traffic in ghostly encounters, by well‐known Australian Indigenous artists: (1) Tracey Moffatt's Night Spirits photographs from her 2013 show, Spirit Landscapes, and The White Ghosts Sailed In, from her solo show, My Horizon (2017 Venice Biennale); (2) Warwick Thornton's 2013 experimental documentary, The Darkside, based on Indigenous ghost stories, and his 2015 show The Way of the Ngangkari. These works create a powerful aesthetic that acknowledges the displacement of Aboriginal people during European settlement as well as long‐standing ancestral connections.
The prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS‐CoV) antibodies in dromedary camels in Israel
Authors: Harcourt Jennifer L. , Rudoler Nir , Tamin Azaibi , Leshem Eyal , Rasis Michal , Giladi Michael , Haynes Lia M. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMiddle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, MERS‐CoV, was identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012, and as of January 29, 2018, there were 2,123 laboratory‐confirmed MERS‐CoV cases reported to WHO (WHO, 2018, https://www.who.int/emergencies/mers-cov/en/). Multiple studies suggest that dromedary camels are a source for human MERS‐CoV infection. MERS‐CoV‐specific antibodies have been detected in the serum of dromedary camels across Northern Africa and across the Arabian Peninsula. Israel's geographic location places Israel at risk for MERS‐CoV infection. To date, MERS‐CoV‐related illness has not been reported and the burden of MERS‐CoV infection in the Israeli population is unknown. The seroprevalence of MERS‐CoV‐specific antibodies in Israeli dromedary camels is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MERS‐CoV seropositivity in dromedary camels in Israel. The prevalence of MERS‐CoV antibodies in Israeli camels was examined in 71 camel sera collected from four farms across Israel by MERS‐CoV‐specific microneutralization (Mnt) assay and confirmed by MERS‐CoV‐specific immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Although this study cannot rule out potential antibody cross‐reactivity by IFA, the presence of bovine coronavirus‐specific antibodies do not appear to impact detection of MERS‐CoV antibodies by Mnt. MERS‐CoV neutralizing antibodies were detectable in 51 (71.8%) camel sera, and no association was observed between the presence of neutralizing antibodies and camel age or gender. These findings extend the known range of MERS‐CoV circulation in Middle Eastern camels. The high rate of MERS‐CoV‐specific antibody seropositivity in dromedary camels in the absence of any reported human MERS cases suggests that there is still much to be learned about the dynamics of camel‐to‐human transmission of MERS‐CoV.
LIVING WITH THE WICKED PROBLEM OF CLIMATE CHANGE
Authors: Peters Karl E. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOutlining the characteristics of “wicked” and “super‐wicked” problems, climate change is considered as a global super‐wicked problem that is primarily about the future. Being global‐ and future‐oriented makes climate change something we have to learn to live with but cannot expect to solve. Because the Institute on Religion in an Age of Science (IRAS) is a multidisciplinary society that yokes the natural and social sciences with values, it is in a position to explore strategies for living with climate change—exemplified by the articles in this section. Finally, asking “who/what is in charge,” it is suggested that in a dynamically interrelated and evolving world no one is. It is important to distinguish between good that is already created and the creative interactions that give rise to new good. In order to live with climate change, our primary orientation should be to live with the creativity that has created and continues to create our life on Planet Earth—since we are not able to know what the future holds.
Variability of vertical cup to disc ratio measurement and the effects of glaucoma 5-year risk estimation in untreated ocular hypertensive eyes
Authors: Chan Poemen P , Chiu Vivian , Wong Mandy O 
Published: June 2018

Aim
To compare the vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) measurements obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT), Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT) and stereophotography of the optic nerve head (ONH) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT), and their corresponding estimated 5-year risk for development of glaucoma.

Methods
ONH images of patients with OHT were taken by fundus camera (stereoscopic images), OCT and HRT. Optic disc stereophotographs were evaluated with a stereo-viewer by two glaucoma specialists (SP1 and SP2) and the VCDR was measured with the ImageJ software. VCDR measurements obtained with stereophotography, OCT and HRT were used to calculate the estimated 5-year risk.

Results
One hundred and forty eyes of 75 patients with OHT were included. The VCDR values measured by OCT, HRT, SP1 and SP2 were 0.60±0.14, 0.53±0.23, 0.44±0.13 and 0.49±0.10, respectively. The corresponding 5-year risk for development of glaucoma was 19.54%±16.60%, 18.13%±16.96%, 15.64%±14.35% and 16.70%±14.49%, respectively. Different degrees of proportional biases were observed in VCDR measurements obtained with stereophotography, OCT and HRT. The maximum difference of VCDR measurement was 0.64, while the maximum difference of the corresponding 5-year risk was 24.02%.

Conclusion
The disagreement in VCDR measured by OCT, HRT and stereophotography in untreated OHT eyes extends to their 5-year risk estimation of glaucoma development.
Effects of frequency, intensity, duration and volume of walking interventions on CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials among inactive healthy adults
Authors: Oja Pekka , Kelly Paul , Murtagh Elaine M , Murphy Marie H , Foster Charlie , Titze Sylvia 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveWalking interventions in healthy populations show clinically relevant improvements for many cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. We aimed to assess the changes in CVD risk factors and the dose–response relationship between frequency, intensity, duration and volume of walking and cardiovascular risk factors based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs).DesignA systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.Data sourcesFour electronic databases searched from January 1971 to April 2017.Eligibility criteriaWalking RCTs reporting one or more CVD risk factor outcomes; trials including at least one group with walking intervention and a no-walking control group; duration ≥8 weeks; participants ≥18 years old, inactive but healthy; risk factors assessed preintervention and postintervention; English-language articles in peer-reviewed journals.ResultsThirty-seven RCTs, involving 2001 participants (81% women) and assessing 13 CVD risk factors, were identified. Pooled meta-analysis showed favourable effects (P≤0.05) of walking intervention for seven CVD risk factors (body mass, body mass index, body fat, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and VO2max).There were no significant effects (P>0.05) for waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and four blood lipid variables.Despite testing 91 possible dose–response relationships, linear meta-regression analysis adjusted for age indicated just 7 (or 7.7%) statistically significant findings.Summary/conclusionWalking interventions benefit a number of CVD risk factors. Despite multiple studies and tested metrics, only a few dose–response relationships were identified and the possibility of chance findings cannot be ruled out. There is insufficient evidence to quantify the frequency, length, bout duration, intensity and volume of the walking required to improve CVD risk factors.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42016039409.
Treatment of scabies using a tea tree oil-based gel formulation in Australian Aboriginal children: protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thomas Jackson , Davey Rachel , Peterson Gregory M , Carson Christine , Walton Shelley F , Spelman Tim , Calma Tom , Dettwiller Pascale , Tobin Jacinta , McMillan Faye , Collis Paul , Naunton Mark , Kosari Sam , Christenson Julia K , Bartholomaeus Andrew , McEwen John , Fitzpatrick Peter , Baby Kavya E 
Published: June 2018

IntroductionIn remote Aboriginal communities in Australia, scabies affects 7 out of 10 children before their first birthday. This is more than six times the rate seen in the rest of the developed world. Scabies infestation is frequently complicated by bacterial infection, leading to the development of skin sores and other more serious consequences, such as septicaemia and chronic heart and kidney diseases. Tea tree oil (TTO) has been used as an antimicrobial agent for several decades with proven clinical efficacy. Preclinical investigations have demonstrated superior scabicidal properties of TTO compared with widely used scabicidal agents, such as permethrin 5% cream and ivermectin. However, current data are insufficient to warrant a broad recommendation for its use for the management of scabies because previous studies were small or limited to in vitro observations.Methods and analysisA pragmatic first trial will examine the clinical efficacy of a simple and low-cost TTO treatment against paediatric scabies and the prevention of associated secondary bacterial infections, with 1:1 randomisation of 200 participants (Aboriginal children, aged 5–16 years and living in remote Australia) into active control (permethrin 5% cream) and treatment (5% TTO gel) groups. The primary outcome for the study is clinical cure (complete resolution). Secondary outcome measures will include relief of symptoms, recurrence rate, adverse effects, adherence to treatment regimen and patient acceptability.Ethics and disseminationThe project has received approvals from the University of Canberra Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC 16-133), Wurli-Wurlinjang Health Service Indigenous subcommittee and the Aboriginal Medical Services Alliance Northern Territory reference group. The results of this study will be published in core scientific publications, with extensive knowledge exchange activities with non-academic audiences throughout the duration of the project.Trial registrationACTRN12617000902392; Pre-results.
FINGER (Forming and Identifying New Groups of Expected Risks): developing and validating a new predictive model to identify patients with high healthcare cost and at risk of admission
Authors: Orueta Juan F , García-Alvarez Arturo , Aurrekoetxea Juan J , García-Goñi Manuel 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivePredictive statistical models used in population stratification programmes are complex and usually difficult to interpret for primary care professionals. We designed FINGER (Forming and Identifying New Groups of Expected Risks), a new model based on clinical criteria, easy to understand and implement by physicians. Our aim was to assess the ability of FINGER to predict costs and correctly identify patients with high resource use in the following year.DesignCross-sectional study with a 2-year follow-up.SettingThe Basque National Health System.ParticipantsAll the residents in the Basque Country (Spain) ≥14 years of age covered by the public healthcare service (n=1 946 884).MethodsWe developed an algorithm classifying diagnoses of long-term health problems into 27 chronic disease groups. The database was randomly divided into two data sets. With the calibration sample, we calculated a score for each chronic disease group and other variables (age, sex, inpatient admissions, emergency department visits and chronic dialysis). Each individual obtained a FINGER score for the year by summing their characteristics’ scores. With the validation sample, we constructed regression models with the FINGER score for the first 12 months as the only explanatory variable.ResultsThe annual FINGER scores obtained by patients ranged from 0 to 57 points, with a mean of 2.06. The coefficient of determination for healthcare costs was 0.188 and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.838 for identifying patients with high costs (>95th percentile); 0.875 for extremely high costs (>99th percentile); 0.802 for unscheduled admissions; 0.861 for prolonged hospitalisation (>15 days); and 0.896 for death.ConclusionFINGER presents a predictive power for high risks fairly close to other classification systems. Its simple and transparent architecture allows for immediate calculation by clinicians. Being easy to interpret, it might be considered for implementation in regions involved in population stratification programmes.
Is having asthma associated with an increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease? A prospective cohort study of 446 346 Taiwanese adults
Authors: Strand Linn Beate , Tsai Min Kuang , Wen Chi Pang , Chang Shu-Sen , Brumpton Ben M 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesA significant proportion of cardiovascular disease (CVD) cannot be explained by well-known risk factors such as high cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes. One potential novel risk factor for CVD is asthma. We aimed to investigate the association between asthma and mortality due to CVD.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingA large health check-up programme from 1994 to 2011 in Taipei, Taiwan.Participants446 346 Taiwanese adults. Each participant answered questions regarding asthma history (yes/no) and current daily use of asthma medications (yes/no). Active asthma was defined as those using current daily medications for asthma.OutcomesThe participants were followed for mortality from CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke obtained through linkage to the cause-of-death register until 31 December 2011.ResultsWe found an increased risk of dying from CVD in individuals with active asthma (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.32, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.62). The risk of death from CHD or stroke was increased in a similar manner (aHR 1.16, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.73 and aHR 1.23, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.74, respectively) although the HR estimates were less precise than that of CVD. For deaths from CVD, CHD and stroke, we found stronger associations with active asthma than non-active asthma, and for CVD and stroke stronger associations in men than women.ConclusionOur study suggests that asthma, particularly active asthma, may be associated with adverse cardiovascular consequences.