bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Archivística en Costa Rica. Balance y Perspectivas
Authors: Rivas Fernández José Bernal 
Published: May 2018

El trabajo reconstruye una la historia de la Archivística y de los archivos en Costa Rica valorando la importancia que tuvo la apertura del grado de Licenciatura en la Carrera de Archivística en el año 2004. Por ello, el artículo esboza una trayectoría de la disciplina archivística planteando las respuestas a las demandas que planteaba el medio hasta el desarrolló de una mayor profesionalización de los archivistas con una visión más proactiva en el rescate de los acervos documentales pribados y públicos.
La Ciencia y el Debate entre la Iglesia Católica y el Liberalismo en Costa Rica (1880-1901)
Authors: Díaz Bolaños Ronald Eduardo 
Published: May 2018

Este trabajo analiza desde las fuentes periodísticas y documentales las discusiones científicas entre los liberales y los clericales costarricenses durante el episcopado de Monseñor Thiel, en un contexto de institucionalización de la actividad científica en Costa Rica durante las dos últimas décadas del siglo XIX. Asimismo, el trabajo aborda los aportes brindados por ciertos miembros del clero a dicha institucionalización.
El Estado, lo transnacional y la construcción de comunidades científicas en la Costa Rica liberal (1870-1930). La construcción de un “régimen de cientificidad”.
Authors: Viales Hurtado Ronny José , Clare Patricia 
Published: May 2018

El artículo aborda el problema de la relación entre la ciencia y la idea de progreso a través del análisis de las comunidades científicas, la organización de la disciplina científica; las condiciones sociales en que se desarrolla la ciencia, el significado de las aportaciones propias o ajenas; la institucionalización de la ciencia y las políticas científicas. Para ello, los autores proponen el concepto de “régimen de cientificidad” el cual evidencia el peso de los factores locales, como son la cultura, la política y la economía, y sus interacciones las cuales generaron las condiciones particulares del desarrollo científico en cada país. El artículo propone desarrollar algunas líneas preliminares de interpretación sobre estas comunidades científicas y el Estado con el fin de promover nuevos campos y problemáticas de investigación.
Er søking i google nok?
Authors: Faber Hege , Taylor Solveig I. 
Published: May 2018

Phd-kurs ved NTNU-bibliotekene – en utviklingshistorieVi vil se nærmere på ide/opplegg, organisering, gjennomføring og erfaringer fra forskjellige kurs for phd-kandidater ved NTNU-biblioteket: Kurs for humanister og samfunnsvitere, kurs for medisinere og kurs for kandidater innen teknologi og naturvitenskap (mest sivilingeniører), avholdt på forskjellige campuser og av forskjellige undervisere. Å mestre avansert søking og databehandling blir bare mer og mer sentralt for forskning, selv om det varierer fra disiplin til disiplin. Vi vil gjennomgå egen erfaring, fagmiljøenes behov og hva forskning viser om behovet for informasjonskompetanse-undervisning av PhD-kandidater, med fokus på forskjellige vitenskapers informasjonskompetanse. Krav om at forskning skal være original, bygge på tidligere forskning og de muligheter som vi har fått til å behandle mye større mengder data enn før (e-science) innebærer at kursholderne må være svært oppdatert og ha spisskompetanse i de enkelte baser og verktøy. Dessuten er plagiering og kildevurdering viktige og aktuelle tema. Kursene krever høy kompetanse hos kursholderne og det beste er å utnytte de forskjellige kompetansene som finnes i biblioteket slik at kursene blir et resultat av team-arbeid. I tillegg trekkes andre fagfolk inn (forskningsetikk, akademisk skriving m.m). De organisatoriske utfordringene og markedsføring av kursene blir også viktige når vi arrangerer slike kurs. Undervisningstilbudet blir evaluert fortløpende, og vi ønsker å sette fokus på erfaringsutveksling og praktisk gjennomføring i tillegg til å se på innholdet i våre kurs.
Forskningsstøtte og bibliotekets rolle: Kartlegging, tilrettelegging og synliggjøring
Authors: Gullbekk Eystein , Rullestad Tove , Torras Calvo Maria-Carme , Mikki Susanne 
Published: May 2018

Hvordan utvikles forskningsstøtte lokalt, sett i lys av nye nasjonale og internasjonale rammebetingelser? Spørsmålet belyses gjennom et innledende innlegg med påfølgende debatt mellom representanter fra tre institusjoner. I et innledende innlegg belyses universitets- og høyskolebibliotekenes nye rammebetingelser og muligheter i arbeidet med å styrke sin rolle i forskerutdanningene. Funn fra kartleggingsstudier om forskningsstøtte blant ph.d.-kandidater vil presenteres (Gullbekk, Rullestad & Torras, 2012; Drachen, Gullbekk & Westbye, 2011). Funnene diskuteres i lys av kompetansekrav slik de kommer til uttrykk i utdanningspolitiske dokumenter som Nasjonalt kvalifikasjonsrammeverk for høyere utdanning. Eksempler på forskningsstøtte fra norske universitets- og høyskolebibliotek vil også bli presentert, og lokale tiltak for videreutvikling av forskerutdanningene ved de respektive universitetene og høyskolene vil diskuteres. I en påfølgende kafedialog diskuteres implikasjoner av funn i de nevnte kartleggingsstudiene. Hvordan kan universitets- og høyskolebibliotek tilrettelegge og synliggjøre sin forskningsstøtte? Eksempler på spørsmål som vil bli belyst i kafedialogen er: Definisjon av forskningsstøtte Hvordan skal vi definere forskningsstøtte ved universitets- og høyskolebibliotek? Hvilke utviklingstrekk ser vi ved våre moderinstitusjoner? Tilrettelegging Hvordan kan vi styrke bibliotekenes støtte til forskerutdanningene i universitets- og høyskolesektoren gjennom å utvikle kunnskapsbasert undervisning og veiledning? Hvordan organiserer biblioteket virksomhet når det gjelder utvikling av forskningsstøtte? Hvordan kan biblioteket samarbeide med fagmiljø og forskningsadministrasjonen? Hvilken kompetanse trenger ansatte på universitets- og høyskolebibliotek for å kunne tilby effektiv og relevant forskningsstøtte? Synliggjøring Hvordan kan bibliotekene best utvikle seg til å bli mer synlige og relevante for å bidra med forskningsstøtte for ph.d.-kandidater og for moderinstitusjonen? Erfarings- og kunnskapsutveksling og samarbeid blant universitets- og høyskolebibliotek er en styrke i tjenesteutvikling. Kafedialogen vil avslutte med en diskusjon om hvordan et nasjonalt nettverk kunne bidra til utvikling av relevant forskningsstøtte ved UH-bibliotekene. Nettverk for forskningsstøtte er nylig etablert i både Sverige og Danmark. Referanser Gullbekk, E., Rullestad, T. og Torras, M.C. (red.). (2012). Ph.d.-kandidater og forskningsprosessen: Bibliotekets bidrag. (In press). Skrifter fra Universitetsbiblioteket i Oslo. Oslo. Drachen, T.M., Larsen, A., Gullbekk, E. Lach, K. og Westbye, H. (2010). Information behaviour and practices of PhD-students, http://hprints.org/hprints-00599034/en/
Kildekompasset - å navigere seg frem til riktig referansestil
Authors: Daland Hilde , Kleivset Birgitte , Flor Patricia , Holt Siv 
Published: May 2018

One of the main tasks of an academic library is to guide students in critical evaluation and the ethical use of sources so that they can interpret, evaluate and create information in a correct and proper way. This should be integrated into the subjects, which is a huge challenge. Many students are told that they can freely select the reference style as long as they are consistent. But it is difficult to be consistent when you barely know what a reference style is. It is not easy for the librarian to answer how one refers to a governmental white paper in a self-designed reference system. To do this in a simple way, it is desirable to share the task between academic tutors and the library. The recommendation of a reference style should come from the subject department of a faculty and from the sample collections provided by the library. The libraries at the University of Agder (UoA) and Telemark University College (TUC) joined forces to create a survey in which various reference styles were listed, complete with examples. The respondents were asked to choose the style they preferred and would advise their students to use. The response rate among the academic staff at the TUC and the UoA was 40%. We consider this to be a representative sample. The purpose of the final web resource aims to be as simple as possible. Students who do not know what a reference style is, and students who do not know which style they should choose, are now guided to make a confident choice of style.
Meme Kanserinde Epigenetik Tedavi
Authors: Eroğlu Onur 
Published: May 2018

Hem genetik hem de epigenetik değişikliklerle kanser ilerlemesi kontrol altına alınabilmektedir. Genetik değişimlerin geri dönüşümü imkansızken epigenetik değişimler geri dönüştürülebilir. Bu avantaj, önerilen epigenetik modifikasyonların terapi uygulamalarında tercih edilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir. DNA metiltransferaz ve histon deasetilaz epigenetik terapi çalışmalarının birinci hedefi haline gelmiştir. Bazı DNA metilasyon ve histon deasetilasyon inhibitörleri anti kanser ilaçları olarak Amerika’da Gıda ve İlaç İdaresi tarafından onaylanmıştır. Bu nedenle, epigenetik hedeflerin kullanımları meme kanseri tedavisinde olumlu bir yaklaşım olarak büyük bir potansiyele sahip olduğuna inanılmaktadır.
Clinical profile and treatment outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Ananth P. Vijai , Prakash V. , Selvaraj D. , Mathimaraiselvan T. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is one of the major cause of in-hospital mortality rates globally. The current study was conducted to study the etiological profile, severity and management of acute kidney injury.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study, conducted in the department general medicine, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan Medical college and Hospital, Permabalur, Tamil Nadu. The study population included all the patients admitted to Intensive Care Unit (ICU) with acute Kidney injury (AKI) between January 2015 to December 2016. All the study participants were recruited to the study by convenient sampling. Descriptive analysis was carried out by frequency and proportion for categorical variables.Results: A total of 100 subjects were included. Participants were almost uniformly distributed in each of a decadal age group till above 60 years. Males (57%) were slightly higher than females (43%). Oliguria was present in 88% of the study population. The most common etiology was acute diarrhoeal disease (44%), followed by multiple infections in 12% and Sepsis in 10% of the subjects. As per RIFLE criteria 46% participants were at risk, 26.0% had injury, 28% had failure. All at risk people were treated conservatively, among injury category, 38.5% were treated by haemodialysis and 3.84% by peritoneal dialysis. In failure group, 60.71% and 3.57% were treated by haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis respectively.Conclusions: Acute kidney Injury (AKI) can be a consequence of varied aetiologies and all the age groups and both the genders at risk of developing it. RIFLE criteria may be a useful tool in guiding the management.
Clinical and biochemical profile of malaria: retrospective observational study from a tertiary centre
Authors: Meti Kirankumar , Parakh Rajendrakumar , Aithal Kiran , G. Hemamalini 
Published: May 2018

Background: Malaria is one of the common causes of acute febrile illness in tropical countries. Malaria presents with varied manifestations. This retrospective study carried to know the clinical profile and laboratory abnormalities seen in malaria patients.Methods: The data was collected retrospectively from 1st January to 31st December 2017. Inclusion criteria: all fever cases above 15 years of age of both the sexes diagnosed as malaria by peripheral smear examination and malaria card test. Exclusion criteria: combined malaria with other fevers such as dengue, chikangunya. Fever cases negative for malaria tests. Malaria cases with history of chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease such as cirrhosis of liver, chronic viral hepatitis, liver abscess, and chronic illness such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and hypertension. The data regarding the clinical presentation of patients and laboratory values such as hemoglobin, total leukocytecount, platelet count, total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, albumin values collected and analyzed with tables and percentage.Results: A total of 57 malaria cases were analyzed, 71.9 % males, 28.1% were females. The commonest age group was between 15- 30 years (61.4%). 29 patients (50.9%) had P. vivax, 20 patients (35.1%) P. falciparum and 8 patients (14%) mixed infection. The most common clinical presentation was fever with chills (100%) followed by vomiting (68.4%), splenomegaly (56.1%), headache (45.6%), pain abdomen (43.9%).19 cases (33.3%) had hemoglobin less than 10gm/dl; 42 cases (73.6%) had thrombocytopenia; 46 cases (80.7%) had urea ≥30mg/dl; 14 cases (24.6%) had creatinine ≥1.4; 26 cases (45.6%) had total bilirubin >1.2mg/dl ; 17 cases (29.8%) had SGOT >45 IU; 33 cases (57.9%) had SGPT > 45 IU and 32 cases (56.1%) had albumin level ≤3.5gm/dl.Conclusions: In the study malaria due to P. vivax was more common than P. falciparum, malaria affected young adults, males more than females. Reduced hemoglobin and platelet count, deranged liver and renal function and reduced serum albumin seen commonly in malaria.
An epidemiological study of asthma and its risk factors in school going children in Bhavnagar city, Gujarat, India
Authors: Tundia Mohnish N. , Thakrar Dhara V. 
Published: May 2018

Background: Asthma is a common disease worldwide with significant ethnic and regional variations. This study will provide evidence about the prevalence of asthma and will highlight level of problem in community. The objective of the study was to estimate prevalence of asthma and determine the presence of environmental risk factors among children with asthma.Methods: This study was conducted in school-going children of standard 5 to 8 in Bhavnagar city in 2015. Sample size was 1428. All schools of Bhavnagar city were listed and required number of schools were selected randomly and approached for consent. Study forms were filled up by personal interview and physical examination followed by house to house visits. Data entry and analysis were done using software Epi info 7. Chi square test was calculated. Multiple logistic regression was carried out by backward step-wise Likelihood Ratio (LR) method. Adjusted OR for significant variable was then calculated.Results: Total prevalence of asthma was 9% (129/1428). Out of these, 61.18% were female and 38.82% were male children. It was found 36.43% in age group of 11 years and 47.3% in children of lower socio economic class. The adjusted odds ratio for male gender was 0.631 and for smoking were 2.353.Conclusions: Female children are 1.58 times more likely to develop asthma than male children. Children whose family members smoke are 2.35 times more likely to develop asthma.
Oxidative stress/PERK/apoptotic pathways interaction contribute to tramadol neurotoxicity in rat cerebral and cerebellar cortex and thyme enhances the antioxidant defense system: histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study
Authors: Sarhan Nahla Reda , Taalab Yasmeen Mohamed 
Published: May 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tramadol is an opioid analgesic with several adverse reactions. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stresses have been involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying tramadol neurotoxicity. Importantly, protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) is a key ER-downstream pathway that mediates apoptosis. We aimed to determine the cellular stresses interaction that mediates PERK-induced apoptosis in tramadol-treated rats and to assess the effect of thyme in enhancing the antioxidant defense system in the face of such stresses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups. Control group, thyme group received thyme extract (500 mg/kg/day) orally. Tramadol group received tramadol HCL (40 mg/Kg/day) dissolved in saline orally. Tramadol + Thyme group received tramadol and thyme extract. After 30 days, frontal motor and cerebellar cortex specimens were biochemically assessed for oxidative stress biomarkers and evaluated for histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Tramadol group showed a significant elevation in malondialdehyde level with a reduction in superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities. Histologically and ultrastructurally, there were remarkable degenerative and apoptotic changes in the neurons and glial cells. In parallel, we detected a significant increase in integrated density for PERK immunostaining and number of caspase-3 positive cells/HPF compared to control. Tramadol + Thyme group showed improvement in oxidative stress parameters, histological and ultrastructural changes. Moreover, integrated density for PERK immunostaining and number of caspase-3 positive cells/HPF were significantly lower than Tramadol group.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Oxidative and ER stress-mediated PERK/apoptosis axis corroborates to the tramadol-induced neurotoxicity. Therapeutic strategies enhancing antioxidant activity and/or blocking ROS-mediated ER stress pathway may resolve tramadol neurotoxicity.</p>
Knowledge and attitude towards voluntary blood donation among students from Mumbai University
Authors: Limaye Dnyanesh , Naik Pooja , Varekar Tejal , Salunkhe Priyanka , Shah Chaitali , Sydymanov Arlan , Limaye Vaidehi , Pitani Ravi Shankar , Sathe Sushama , Kapadi Atul , Fortwengel Gerhard 
Published: May 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Blood is scarce; its demand far outweighs the supply. In addition to limited supply, the issue of safety especially with regard to the risk of transfusion transmissible infection is also an issue of utmost concern especially in the developing countries. Blood transfusion services in India have gained special significance in recent years and forms a vital part of national health care system. Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donation (VNRBD) is the safest of all types of blood donations. One of the potential sources that can be tapped for blood donation is the young and physically fit students from educational institutions across India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May–June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 201 agreed to participate (males: 104; females: 97). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> High number of participants agreed about encouraging general public about voluntary blood donation (96%; 193/201), lack of awareness about VBD in general public (82%; 164/201). But not a single participant was able to respond to the knowledge part of the questionnaire with 100% accuracy. Almost all the participants had correct knowledge about blood groups (98%; 196/201) and blood matching need (195/201; 97%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Participants showed good attitude but demonstrated poor knowledge about voluntary blood donation. Details about blood donation should be incorporated in the undergraduate curriculum and periodic awareness programs should be organized for students.</p>
A multiple decrement analysis for studying the patterns of mortality in Bangladesh
Authors: Rosy Sarkar Aziza Sultana , Nurul Islam Md. 
Published: May 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The effect of mortality on population structures is to reduce the component of the population in which the mortality occurs. The purpose of this analysis was to examine the probability patterns of deaths in 2000, 2004, and 2008 year by age due to a cause of death in presence of all causes to identify the main causes of disease those influence the mortality rate.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Data were collected from the health and demographic surveillance system of ICDDR, B. Patterns of mortality were examined by multiple decrement life table and line diagram. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The conditional probabilities of deaths from specific cause Dα (α=1, 2, 3, 4), naqαx (α=1, 2, 3, 4) of Matlab males by different years provide that for age &lt;1, the female trends show the same pattern like male except maternal complications. For the age group 1-39, nearly injury and miscellaneous related causes affect most specially by drowning and accident for male. After the age 40, roughly the highest values of density function indicate non-communicable cause. For female, before age 40, mixed causes influence deaths, neonatal and maternal, communicable, injuries and miscellaneous causes. But after the age 40, more or less non-communicable disease is the leading cause in the year 2008.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Death from non-communicable diseases was found to be higher for males than females. Policies aimed at increasing governmental and non-governmental services shall generally contribute to a reduction of non-communicable death rates.</p>
“DUREZA: A ÚNICA MÁSCARA POSSÍVEL” – UM ESTUDO DE VIDAS SECAS, DE GRACILIANO RAMOS
Authors: Souza Nathan Bastos de 
Published: May 2018

<p>Neste trabalho, discutiremos especialmente a obra <em>Vidas secas</em> de Graciliano Ramos, à luz de uma abordagem teórica advinda da crítica literária (A. Candido, A. Rama), da análise de discurso social (M. Angenot) e da filosofia (M. Foucault) com o objetivo de analisar a hipótese de Alfredo Bosi de que a “dureza é a única máscara” possível no romance de Ramos. Com vistas a essa perspectiva, o artigo apresenta três seções: na primeira delas revisamos a literatura crítica a respeito do romance e do autor nordestino; na segunda seção apresentamos a teorização as relações de poder e sobre o jogo entre dissidência e hegemonia no discurso; na terceira seção uma leitura do romance, em que fazemos incidir as categorias teóricas levantadas. Ao final, concluímos que a hipótese de Bosi pode ser tratada como tese, já que a resistência das personagens do romance (em forma de ausência de linguagem e de embrutecimento) se transforma em dureza, por isso a única máscara possível para lutar contra a seca e os homens. </p><p><strong>Palavras chaves</strong>: Graciliano Ramos; Estudos literários; Estudos do Discurso. </p>
LA PORNOGRAPHIE SELON HILDA HILST
Authors: Do Carmo Silva Leonardo Alexander 
Published: May 2018

<em>Contos d’Escárnio. Textos Grotescos</em> est le deuxième volume de la trilogie obscène, une série de livres pornographiques publiés par Hilda Hilst entre les années 1990 et 1992. Le projet obscène de l’écrivaine fut un geste de protestation contre le manque de visibilité dont souffrait son œuvre. Bien que consacrée par la critique, l’écrivaine avait un nombre très restreint de lecteurs et elle a connu des difficultés à faire publier ses livres. La pornographie devient dans son œuvre une métaphore de la situation de l’écrivain contemporain qui doit se « prostituer » à cause des lois du marché pour vivre de son écriture. Dans cet article, on étudiera comment Hilda Hilst s’approprie les principaux codes et clichés de la pornographie et les transforme, créant une «pornographie déformée ».