bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation and Measurement Analysis of Campus Noise Pollution Based on a University in Hengyang
Authors: Zhang Xin , Hu Yan , Ran Xuanhao , Zhang Yang , Zhong Yi , Zeng Jueting , Zheng Huihui 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In view of the increasingly serious problem of noise pollution in students’ life and study in the process of building campus culture, this paper analyzed the acoustic environment and acoustic comfort of a college in Hengyang by means of questionnaires, on-site measurement and mathematical model evaluation. After field measurement, the survey found that students are mainly concentrated in dormitory, teaching building and library. The over-standard rates for each location were 87.5%, 54.2%/50%, and 37.5%, respectively. Then this paper used the mathematical model based on fuzzy matrix method to calculate that the membership degree of college acoustic environmental quality belongs to slight pollution is the largest, which is 0.3775. It is advised that relevant departments should adopt a restriction strategy on the noise source to change the acoustic environment and sound comfort of the school.
Long-term analysis of the relationship between urban heat island and economic development over 34 major cities in China
Authors: Niu Lu , Tang Ronglin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Exploring the relationship between surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect and urban economic development is a problem that people pay attention to for a long time. In this paper, we use MODIS surface temperature data to calculate the SUHI intensity of 34 major cities in mainland China from 2003 to 2017. Then we first analyze the relationship between annual average SUHI intensity and urban annual gross domestic product (GDP). A good linear relationship is found in most cities in north and northeast China with the coefficient of determination (R2) reaching 0.63 at most. In addition, the relationship between SUHI intensity and GDP during the day is significantly better than that at night. These conclusions can provide a new insight for people to understand the impact of urban heat island effect on urban economic development in the future.
Implementation problems and outlook of the “Environmental Protection Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China”
Authors: Liu Lanlan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
As an important measure of tax reform adopted by China to realize ecological civilization, the “Environmental Protection Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China” (hereinafter abbreviated as the “Environmental Protection Tax Law”) has been implemented for around one year, but defects of the “Environmental Protection Tax Law” have emerged both in the content of its clauses and its tax levitation and management mechanism. This paper focuses on studying problems with the clause content and tax levitation and management mechanism of the “Environmental Protection Tax Law” at an attempt to propose effective countermeasures for these problems.
Research on Investigation and Countermeasure of Low Carbon Consumption of College Students
Authors: Huang Shiguo , Liu Peibiao 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The most important influencing factor of global greenhouse effect is the excessive carbon dioxide emissions, and one of the important ways to affect carbon emissions is people’s daily life. College students are a special group. This paper takes the college students in Changqing university town of Jinan as an example to investigate their cognition and action on low carbon consumption at the present stage, hoping to take this as a breakthrough and encourage the whole community to actively participate in the activities of low carbon consumption. The results show that the status quo of College Students’ low carbon consumption is related to their gender, family address, educational background and other basic factors, low carbon consumption behavior is influenced by low carbon consumption awareness, social responsibility awareness and personal consumption concept, college students’ consumption is tending to low carbon nowadays, but there are obstacles to carry out low carbon consumption in an all-round way. Therefore, from the perspective of the government, universities and college students themselves, this paper puts forward the relevant countermeasures to promote low carbon consumption behavior.
Accumulation characteristics of CO2-bearing natural gas reservoir in Xudong area of Xujiaweizi fault depression
Authors: Wang Zhiguo 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the north of Songliao basin, some high CO2 gas reservoirs have been found while great breakthroughs have been made in hydrocarbon natural gas. Based on the analysis of the reservoir characteristics of CO2 gas reservoirs in Xudong area, this paper clarifies that the Yingcheng formation CO2 is inorganic gas, volcanic rock is the main reservoir, and establishes the differential accumulation model of CO2 gas reservoirs in the study area, which can also guide further research and exploration.
Object-oriented monitoring of coal mine land use change
Authors: Yuan Xitun , Xing Lei , Gao Wenjin , Gao Pengwei , Zhao Xin , Chang Jinzhong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Taking Dongsheng district of Erdos City in Inner Mongolia as the research area, we used the object-oriented classification method to monitor the land use change in recent years. The images of the three periods were classified into vegetation, residential area, water body, the mining area as well as the bare land, of which the accuracy rate has reached 86%. The results were produced by statistically analyzing. From 2006 to 2011, the vegetation was badly damaged, including the expanding residential areas and mining areas. The residential area was constantly expanding between 2011 and 2018, but the total area of the mining area and vegetation cover has not changed much. The area after the mining has been re-greened, which is conducive to the coordinated development of that area.
Method for crop classification based on multi-source remote sensing data
Authors: Shi Yun , Li Jie , Ma Donghui , Zhang Tongkang , Li Qianwen 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Using remote sensing images to classify crops to obtain spatial distribution of different crops is of great significance for crop yield estimation and agricultural policy formulation. Due to the phenomenon of the same spectrum from different materials or the phenomenon of the same materials with different spectrum, it is difficult to obtain accurate crop classification results from single-phase images. We take a farm in Lintong District of Xi’an as the research area. The crops in this study area are mostly cross-planted, and the planting area is small, so it is difficult for the traditional classification method. In order to increase classification accuracy, a multi-level classification method is proposed in this paper. The Sentinel-1 backscattering coefficient (Sigma) of image is used to pre-classify the ground in the study area, and the Sentinel-2 images which cover the crop growth cycle in the study area are used to construct a normalized vegetation index (NDVI) time series to distinguish the growth differences of different crops. Combined with field survey data and phenological characteristics of crops, on the basis of pre-classification, SVM (Support Vector Machine) method is used to classify Sentinel-2 images. The classification accuracy reaches 98.07%, which is much higher than the minimum distance, Mahalanobis distance, neural network, expert decision tree, object-oriented and other classification methods.
Optimization of Energy Consumption of the Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Sludge Disintegration
Authors: Zhao Yi-Hua , Zhang Bo , Tao Jun , Li Qi , Lv Bin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is a widely used method to treat sludge, while its application was limited by its ineffective hydrolysis rate. Ultrasonic pretreatment could enhance the hydrolysis rate of sludge, while the development of ultrasonic had been restricted by the high energy consumption, it was necessary to optimize the energy consumption. Disintegration degree was analysed by the particle size, SCOD increase, soluble proteins and carbohydrates of the sludge before the after the ultrasonic pretreatment, the relationship between the specific energy input and the disintegration degree was discussed. The results showed that after ultrasonic disintegration, the concentration of SCOD, soluble protein and carbohydrate increased with the increase of ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power. High power ultrasonic could effectively disintegrate sludge in a short disintegration time, while low power ultrasonic needed a long time to disintegrate sludge. And under the same specific energy consumption conditions, the combination of lower power density and longer ultrasonic time could obtain better disintegration degree than the combination of higher power density and shorter time. It was confirmed that the energy utilization efficiency of the lower power density and the longer time combination was higher.
Performance Evaluation and Optimization Analysis of Zero Discharge Device for Desulfurization Wastewater Based on Spray Drying Technology
Authors: Wang Renlei , Dai Yu , Zhang Shanshan , Lan Yonglong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The original desulphurization wastewater treatment system was reformed by spray drying technology in a thermal power plant, and the performance of the modified system was evaluated. The results show that the treatment capacity of the system is above 5m3/h. It can meet the requirements of zero discharge of desulphurization wastewater in power plant, and has many characteristics, such as simple process, reliable technology, stable operation, convenient operation and so on. At the same time, some suggestions for further optimization and improvement are put forward in view of the existing problems.
Cause investigation analysis and experimental argumentation about acidic water in the oil shale open pit of Maoming City
Authors: Zhou Junguang , Ji Wang , Sha Chang , Pan Chaoyi , Guo Qingwei , Wang Jingsong , Cheng Sili 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This paper analyzes the sources and causes of the natural history of Maoming city open pit water, combined with the experimental research on the reasons of present continuous mine water acidification, and taking the total mass of H+ dissolved in water as an indicator. The results show that the main reason for the continuous acidification of the open pit mine is the accumulation of contaminated soil at random and the leaching of acid from the soil. Acidic substances mainly come from the accumulated waste slag around the pit. In the background of the construction of open-pit mine ecological park, that rain, vegetation restoration, river governance slag pollution is the key to acidic mine water.
The impact of Income Gap on Environmental Pollution: empirical evidence from China’s energy producing regions
Authors: Chen Min 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the widening of the income distribution gap usually leads to the delay of the turning point of the environmental Kuznets curve. As far as an energy producing area in the western region is concerned, this paper argues that the rich have a strong ability to pay for the cost of mobility. This gap in income distribution leads the rich to emigrate to areas of higher environmental quality to reduce their demand for environmental governance in the region. At the level, in the case of the total supply of environmental governance, the lower demand for environmental governance in the region will lead to the lack of environmental governance and the deterioration of environmental quality in the region. This paper proves the above point by establishing a two-region spatial flow model, and the test results of time series data of environmental governance investment in northern Shaanxi also support this conclusion.Therefore, from the perspective of rich immigrants, this paper expounds the internal mechanism that the widening income distribution gap will lead to the decline of environmental quality in the region. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward, such as raising the tax rate of resources and environment. Or reducing the tax rate of individual income, combining the principle that who pollutes and governs with the principle of using environmental products and who pays.
Adsorption of Ammonium Ion Using Zeolite, Chitosan, Bleached Fibre and Activated Carbon
Authors: Safie N N , Zahrim A Y , Rajin M , Ismail N M , Saalah S , Anisuzzaman S M , Rahayu A D , Huslyzam H , Jennisha R , Calvin T T H 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Several materials have been studied for the adsorption of ammonium ion from synthetic solution. Zeolite is having the highest adsorption capacity (3.160 mg/g) with fast reaction time followed by chitosan (2.5770 mg/g). Activated carbon derived from Tarap (Artocarpus odoratissimus) and rice husk shows better performance than the low cost bleached fibres.
Carbon dioxide capture using waste tire based adsorbent
Authors: Duduku K , Anisuzzaman S M , Bono  , Teo B K , Rao V V B 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this study, a waste tire derived activated carbon (AC) was assessed as a solid sorbent for CO2 capture. The objectives of this study is to determine the effectiveness of AC from waste rubber tire via chemically activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a low cost solid adsorbent on the adsorption of CO2 from the mixture of N2 and CO2 at different adsorption temperature, adsorption flow rate and impregnation ratio. The reactor temperatures were 30°C, 40 °C and 50°C and the flow rate was 50 cm3/min, with an impregnation ratio of 1 and 1.5. The breakthrough time was found to decrease with increasing of impregnation ratio of KOH and decreasing of adsorption temperature and flow rate. The AC with 1.5 KOH impregnation ratio has shown the best CO2 adsorption capacity among the adsorbents studied and the adsorption capacity is 238.7mg/g of adsorbent at 30°C.
Observation on the drag reducing effect of low concentration chitosan solution in turbulent pipe flow
Authors: Asidin M. A. , Suali E. , Jusnukin T. , Lahin F. A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Polymer-based drag reducing agent (DRA) is used widely in various industries due to its ability to enhance fluid flow as well as economically beneficial to various sectors. This study is conducted to observe the drag reducing effect of chitosan as DRA and observed its effect on the turbulent flow inside the pipe. The experiment is conducted in a closed loop circulation system where water is the transport medium. The pipe system consist of acrylic pipes with 0.013 m, 0.025 m and 0.038 m diameter. The chitosan was extracted from shrimp shells and five different concentration of chitosan were tested. The degree of deacetylation of the chitosan shows 97% which indicates its solubility in water. It was found that the highest drag reduction percentage were obtained from 0.038 m pipe of 33 ppm concentration which is 28%. The flow pattern inside the pipe is also analysed and discussed in this study
Optimisation of parameters for detection of manganese ion using electrochemical method
Authors: Gilbert R , Siddiquee S , Saallah S , Lal Tamrin M 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
An electrochemical method was detected a heavy metal ion of manganese (Mn2+) based on bare gold electrode (AuE). The bare AuE was optimized including various type of electrolytes, redox indicators, pH, scan rate and accumulation time using cyclic voltammetry (CV). From the CV results, the optimal conditions of Mn2+ were found of Tris-HCl (0.1 M, pH 2) buffer for electrolytes supported by 5 mM Prussian blue as a redox indicator with scan rate of 100 mVs-1 and accumulation time of 2 s, respectively. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method was detected with different concentrations of Mn2+ on the ranged from 0.05 to 1.0 ppm with limit of detection (LOD) of 0.075 mg L−1 (S/N=3). A linear regression was found of 0.9659 (r2). The above results indicated that the bare AuE was unable to detect of Mn2+ below safety level. So, the proposed method suggests to detect below safety level of Mn2+ based on the further modification of AuE with high sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy.
Spark plasma sintering of Inconel 738LC: densification and microstructural characteristics
Authors: Ogunbiyi O F , Sadiku E R , Jamiru T , Adesina O T , Beneke L W 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The optimization of sintering temperature in the production of nickel-based superalloy was investigated. Mixed elemental powders of Inconel 738LC superalloy was fabricated at different sintering temperature ranging between 900 and 1200 °C, with a heating rate of 100 °C min−1, pressure of 50 MPa and 5 min holding time. The microstructures, phase analyses, densification and microhardness tests were conducted by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), x-ray Diffraction (XRD), polarized optical microscope (POM), micro-hardness testing machine, and Archimedes’ method respectively. Results revealed the formation of intermetallic phases in the microstructure, irrespective of the sintering temperature. The relative density increased with increasing sintering temperature, as the highest relative density of 98.4% was attained at 1200 °C and with a corresponding microhardness value of 362.25 Hv. There was a marginal decrease in grain size with increasing temperature, thereby resulted in reduced grain growth. This implies that the SPS technology is appropriate for the fabrication of nickel-based superalloy.
(Un)knowability and knowledge iteration
Authors: Liu Sebastian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The KK principle states that knowing entails knowing that one knows. This historically popular principle has fallen out of favour among many contemporary philosophers in light of putative counterexamples. Recently, some have defended more palatable versions of KK by weakening the principle. These revisions remain faithful to their predecessor in spirit while escaping crucial objections. This paper examines the prospects of such a strategy. It is argued that revisions of the original principle can be captured by a generalized knowledge iteration principle, Weak-KK, which states that knowing entails the possibility of knowing that one knows. But Weak-KK is vulnerable to an unknowability result and therefore must be rejected. The arguments here suggest that retreating to weaker iteration principles is not an option for the KK enthusiast.
The total dispersal kernel: a review and future directions
Authors: Rogers Haldre S , Beckman Noelle G , Hartig Florian , Johnson Jeremy S , Pufal Gesine , Shea Katriona , Zurell Damaris , Bullock James M , Cantrell Robert Stephen , Loiselle Bette , Pejchar Liba , Razafindratsima Onja H , Sandor Manette E , Schupp Eugene W , Strickland W Christopher , Zambrano Jenny 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe distribution and abundance of plants across the world depends in part on their ability to move, which is commonly characterized by a dispersal kernel. For seeds, the total dispersal kernel (TDK) describes the combined influence of all primary, secondary and higher-order dispersal vectors on the overall dispersal kernel for a plant individual, population, species or community. Understanding the role of each vector within the TDK, and their combined influence on the TDK, is critically important for being able to predict plant responses to a changing biotic or abiotic environment. In addition, fully characterizing the TDK by including all vectors may affect predictions of population spread. Here, we review existing research on the TDK and discuss advances in empirical, conceptual modelling and statistical approaches that will facilitate broader application. The concept is simple, but few examples of well-characterized TDKs exist. We find that significant empirical challenges exist, as many studies do not account for all dispersal vectors (e.g. gravity, higher-order dispersal vectors), inadequately measure or estimate long-distance dispersal resulting from multiple vectors and/or neglect spatial heterogeneity and context dependence. Existing mathematical and conceptual modelling approaches and statistical methods allow fitting individual dispersal kernels and combining them to form a TDK; these will perform best if robust prior information is available. We recommend a modelling cycle to parameterize TDKs, where empirical data inform models, which in turn inform additional data collection. Finally, we recommend that the TDK concept be extended to account for not only where seeds land, but also how that location affects the likelihood of establishing and producing a reproductive adult, i.e. the total effective dispersal kernel.
How Can the Typhoid Fever Surveillance in Africa and the Severe Typhoid Fever
in Africa Programs Contribute to the Introduction of Typhoid Conjugate
Vaccines?
Authors: Jeon Hyon Jin , Im Justin , Haselbeck Andrea , Holm Marianne , Rakotozandrindrainy Raphaël , Bassiahi Abdramane Soura , Panzner Ursula , Mogeni Ondari D , Seo Hye Jin , Lunguya Octavie , Jacobs Jan , Okeke Iruka N , Terferi Mekonnen , Owusu-Dabo Ellis , Dougan Gordon , Carey Megan , Steele A Duncan , Kim Jerome H , Clemens John D , Andrews Jason R , Park Se Eun , Baker Stephen , Marks Florian 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Background
The World Health Organization now recommends the use of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) in typhoid-endemic countries, and Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, added TCVs into the portfolio of subsidized vaccines. Data from the Severe Typhoid Fever in Africa (SETA) program were used to contribute to TCV introduction decision-making processes, exemplified for Ghana and Madagascar.

Methods
Data collected from both countries were evaluated, and barriers to and benefits of introduction scenarios are discussed. No standardized methodological framework was applied.

Results
The Ghanaian healthcare system differs from its Malagasy counterpart: Ghana features a functioning insurance system, antimicrobials are available nationwide, and several sites in Ghana deploy blood culture–based typhoid diagnosis. A higher incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi is reported in Ghana, which has not been identified as an issue in Madagascar. The Malagasy people have a low expectation of provided healthcare and experience frequent unavailability of medicines, resulting in limited healthcare-seeking behavior and extended consequences of untreated disease.

Conclusions
For Ghana, high typhoid fever incidence coupled with spatiotemporal heterogeneity was observed. A phased TCV introduction through an initial mass campaign in high-risk areas followed by inclusion into routine national immunizations prior to expansion to other areas of the country can be considered. For Madagascar, a national mass campaign followed by routine introduction would be the introduction scenario of choice as it would protect the population, reduce transmission, and prevent an often-deadly disease in a setting characterized by lack of access to healthcare infrastructure. New, easy-to-use diagnostic tools, potentially including environmental surveillance, should be explored and improved to facilitate identification of high-risk areas.
Point-of-care testing for measuring haemolymph glucose in invertebrates is not a valid method
Authors: Principe Silas C , Augusto Alessandra , Costa Tânia M 
Published: September 2019

Lay summaryMeasuring physiological parameters in the field is a challenge, so point-of-care devices are increasingly being used by conservation physiologists to assess blood parameters in non-human animals. We tested a glucose meter in two invertebrates (crab and mussel) and highlight the need for caution when using such devices in invertebrates.