bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of tonsil-oral-scrubbing with serum, oral fluid, and tonsil scraping to detect PRRSV RNA in sows over time following live virus inoculation
Authors: Li Peng , Petznick Thomas , Pratt Emily , Cezar Guilherme , Will Kelly , Mil-Homens Mafalda , Tong Hao , Machado Isadora , Moraes Daniel C. A. , Paiva Rodrigo C. , Berte Alexis , Osemeke Onyekachukwu H. , Yeske Paul , Silva Gustavo S. , Linhares Daniel C. L. 
Published: November 2024

IntroductionCurrent common sample types for sows, such as serum and tonsil scraping, require snaring the animals, which can be labor-intensive and raise concerns regarding animal welfare. Obtaining oral fluids (OF) from individual sows in field conditions presents challenges, as not all sows readily respond to the rope method. The Tonsil-Oral-Scrubbing (TOSc) collector allows for the rapid retrieval of fluids from the sow’s oral and tonsillar areas without the need for snaring. Previous studies have reported comparable detection rates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) RNA between TOSc and tonsil scraping, with significantly higher positivity observed in TOSc compared to serum in acutely infected sows.MethodsGiven that PRRSV RNA detection rates can vary among different sample types and fluctuate over time, this field study aimed to compare PRRSV real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-rtPCR) positivity and cycle threshold (Ct) values between TOSc, serum, OF, and tonsil scraping at three time points following live-virus inoculation (LVI) in sows. This study was conducted within a breeding herd attempting to eliminate PRRSV following an outbreak. Four sample types were collected from each of the 61 conveniently selected sows at 30, 60, and 90 days post-LVI in the order of OF, TOSc, tonsil scraping, and serum, and subsequently tested for PRRSV RNA.ResultsThe results indicated that TOSc and tonsil scraping exhibited decreased PRRSV RNA detection rates over time, whereas the detection rates for OF and serum remained relatively stable. Moreover, the median Ct values for TOSc and tonsil scraping were numerically lower than those for OF and serum at all sampling points. Specifically, tonsil scraping demonstrated significantly higher PRRSV RNA positivity than the other three sample types. TOSc also exhibited significantly higher PRRSV RNA positivity than OF and serum at both 30 and 60 days post-LVI. By 90 days post-LVI, there was a significant difference in the PRRSV RNA detection rates between TOSc and tonsil scraping. However, no significant difference was observed between TOSc and OF or between TOSc and serum. According to the RT-rtPCR results, most PRRSV RNA-positive sows detected via TOSc and tonsil scraping turned negative by 90 days post-LVI, although a small proportion remained positive. Conversely, a small number of previously negative sows tested positive at 60 and 90 days post-LVI, indicating an intermittent mode of PRRSV RNA detection for both sample types.
Assessment of livestock carrying capacity in the alpine grasslands of the Kashmir Himalayas
Authors: Saleem Shahid , Rather Javeed A. , Ahmad Suheel , Ahmed Rayees , Hajam Latief Ahmad 
Published: November 2024

The alpine grasslands of the Kashmir Himalayas serve as a lifeline for the region’s pastoral communities, providing the primary source of forage for their livestock. These high-altitude rangelands are not only crucial for the livelihood of these communities but also play a significant role in maintaining the ecological balance of the area. However, sustainable pastoralism in these fragile ecosystem hinges on a thorough understanding of forage availability and livestock carrying capacity. This study assesses the forage dynamics and livestock carrying capacity of these high-altitude grasslands. Through comprehensive biomass sampling across 23 strategically selected sites, we calculated an average dry matter above ground biomass yield of 5.10 metric tons per hectare, resulting in a total dry biomass weight of approximately 820,489.22 metric tons (820,489,220 kg), over the entire grassland area of 160,974 ha. Using a daily forage intake of 1.3 kg per Sheep Unit (SU) over 50 grazing days, time period which corresponds to the renewal period for new grass growth, the average carrying capacity of the rangelands was determined to be 39.08 Animal Units (AU) per hectare and the total carrying capacity was estimated as 62,78,556 SU. The current stocking rate of 4,661,800 SU utilizes about 74.21% of this Carrying capacity, leaving a surplus of 25.77% or 1,616,756 Animal Sheep Units. However, localized overgrazing in areas such as Thajwas and Mohand Marg highlights the need for targeted management practices to prevent rangeland degradation. This data is critical as it provides a baseline for understanding the potential of these rangelands to support livestock. This study underscores the importance of sustainable livestock management to optimize carrying capacity while maintaining the ecological balance of the grasslands. Engaging local pastoral communities in these efforts is essential for the effective and sustainable management of the alpine grasslands in the Kashmir Himalayas.
Knock Detection with Ion Current and Vibration Sensor: A Comparative Study of Logistic Regression and Neural Networks
Authors: Björnsson Ola , Tunestål Per 
Published: November 2024

Knock detection is critical for maintaining engine performance and preventing damage in spark-ignition engines. This study explores the use of ion current and knock indicators derived from a vibration sensor (KIv) and ion current (KIi) to improve knock detection accuracy. Traditional threshold-based methods rely on KIv, but they are susceptible to mechanical noise and cylinder variations. In this work, we applied both logistic regression and neural networks, including fully connected (FCNN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN), to classify knock events based on these indicators. The CNN models used ion current as the primary input, with an extended version incorporating both KIv and KIi into the fully connected layers. The models were evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) as the primary performance metric. The results show that the CNN model with additional inputs outperformed the other models, achieving a better and more consistent performance across cylinders. The dual-input logistic regression and CNN models demonstrated reduced cylinder-to-cylinder variation in classification performance, providing a more consistent knock detection accuracy across all cylinders. These findings suggest that combining ion current and knock indicators enhances knock detection reliability, offering a robust solution for real-time applications in engine control systems.
Identifying Superior Growth and Photosynthetic Traits in Eighteen Oak Varieties for Southwest China
Authors: Qi Zengzhen , Huang Xiang , Peng Yang , Wu Hongyi , Xu Zhenfeng , Tan Bo , Zhong Yu , Zhu Peng , Gong Wei , Chen Gang , Chen Xiaohong , Hui Wenkai 
Published: November 2024

Quercus, commonly known as oak, has great potential as one of the most widely cultivated plant species. However, the lack of superior varieties is a bottleneck for its usage and application in Southwest China. Here, this study aims to explore the growth and photosynthetic traits of 18 oak varieties with the goal of identifying the adaptable superior varieties for the region, focusing on nutrient growth, leaf morphology, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic parameters over a 32-week growth period. The results showed that a significant diversity was observed among the varieties. Growth rhythm and fitted curves divided the 18 oak varieties into three patterns. Additionally, for the leaf morphological parameters, Q. denta boasted the maximum leaf area (167.24 cm2), leaf width (13.62 cm), and leaf aspect ratio (156.6); Q. mongo showed the greatest leaf length (20.37 cm); while Q. acutis had the largest leaf form factor (3.44) and leaf gap (0.39). Chlorophyll content was based on three-time-points investigation, with higher levels observed in Q. mongo, Q. robur 4, Q. wutai, Q. denta, Q. acutis, and Q. robur 1. The transpiration rate (E) (5.03 mmol m−2), stomatal conductance (gsw) (0.22 mol m−2 s−1), and total water vapor conductance (gtw) (0.19 mol m−2 s−1) were dominantly obtained in Q. robur 1, while Q. denta exhibited the highest intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) (564.67 µmol mol−1). Conversely, Q. wutai displayed a significantly higher leaf chamber CO2 concentration (Ca) (502.11 µmol mol−1). Furthermore, growth traits showed a correlation with leaf morphological and photosynthetic traits. PCA analysis grouped the oak varieties into five clusters, with Q. acutis, Q. robur 1, Q. palus 3, Q. denta, Q. nutta, Q. mongo, and Q. wutai identified as superior varieties. These findings not only offer promising oak candidate varieties for Southwest China, but also provide insights for establishing efficient breeding program for other woody plants.
Massive extra dural collection post cranioplasty causing rapid deterioration of the patient
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mohsin , Sharif Muhammad Mujahid , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Cranioplasty is a standard neurosurgical procedure these days where surgeons repair a defect or deformity of a skull. This procedure can lead to fatal experiences after surgery. We encounter a similar experience we want to share.
Case report. we present a case of 37 years 37-year-old patient who developed epidural fluid collection after cranioplasty. The patient deteriorated after surgery which we managed carefully and recovered later.
Conclusion. Post-cranioplasty patients should be under observation and neurological deterioration should be kept in mind. Surgical intervention is not always needed and can be managed conservatively.
HOW DOES VERTICAL LAMINAR FRACTURE IMPACT THE DECISION-MAKING IN THORACOLUMBAR FRACTURES?
Authors: Aly Mohamed M. 
Published: November 2024

Objective
Although vertical laminar fracture (VLF) is generally considered a severity marker for thoracolumbar fractures (TLFs), its exact role in decision-making has never been established. This scoping review aims to synthesize the research on VLF’s role in TLF decision-making.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to 11 June 2023 for studies examining the association of VLF in thoracolumbar fractures with dural lacerations, neurological deficits, radiographic parameters, or treatment outcomes. Additionally, experimental studies that analyze the biomechanics of burst fractures with VLF were included. The studies extracted key findings, objectives, and patient population. A meta-analysis was performed for the association of VLF with dural laceration and neurological deficit, and ORs were pooled with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
Twenty-eight studies were included in this systematic review, encompassing 2,021 patients, and twelve were included in the meta-analysis. According to the main subject of the study, the association of VLF with a dural laceration (n=14), neurological deficit (n=4), radiographic parameters (n=3), thoracolumbar fracture classification (n=2), treatment outcome (n=2). Seven studies with a total of 1010 patients reported a significant association between VLF and neurological deficit (OR= 7.35, 95% CI [3.97, 14.25]; P< 0.001). The pooled OR estimates for VLF predicting dural lacerations was 7.75, 95% CI [2.41, 24.87]; P< 0.001).

Conclusion
VLF may have several important diagnostic and therapeutic implications in managing TLFs. VLF may help to distinguish AO type A3 from A4 fractures. VLF may help to predict preoperatively the occurrence of dural laceration, thereby choosing the optimal surgical strategy. Clinical and biomechanical data suggest VLF may be a valuable modifier to guide the decision-making in burst fractures; however, more studies are needed to confirm its prognostic importance regarding treatment outcomes.
MULTICENTER EXTERNAL VALIDATION OF THE ACCURACY OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY CRITERIA FOR DETECTING THORACOLUMBAR POSTERIOR LIGAMENTOUS COMPLEX INJURY
Authors: Aly Mohamed M. , Abdelaziz Mohamed , Faisal A. Alfaisal , Al-Shoaibi Abdulbaset M. 
Published: November 2024

Background and Objective
Recent studies have proposed computed tomography (CT) criteria for posterior ligamentous complex (PLC) injury: disrupted if ? 2 CT findings, indeterminate if single finding, and intact if 0 CT findings. The study aims to validate the CT criteria for PLC injury externally.

Methods
Three level 1 trauma centers enrolled 614 consecutive patients with acute thoracolumbar fractures (T1- L5) who received Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Three reviewers from each center were the patients from the respective center for sessed CT for facet joint malalignment, horizontal laminar fracture, spinous process fracture, and interspinous widening and MRI for disrupted PLC. The primary outcome is the diagnostic accuracy of CT criteria (0,1, ? 2 findings) in detecting disrupted PLC on MRI using all CT readings. Subgroup analysis for each participating center and reviewer was done. The inter-reader agreement on PLC status on MRI and CT criteria was assessed using Fleiss Kappa (k).

Results
The positive predictive value (PPV) for PLC injury was 0 findings, 3%; single positive CT, 43%; ? 2 CT findings, 94%, and was consistent among different centers and reviewers. The AUC for ? 1 CT findings in detecting PLC injury ranged from 90% to 97%, indicating excellent discrimination for all centers. The inter-reader k on PLC status by MRI and CT criteria was substantial (k >0.60).

Conclusions
This study externally validates the previously proposed CT criteria for PLC injury. ? 2 positive CT findings or 0 CT findings can be used as criteria for a disrupted PLC (B-type injury) or intact PLC (A-type injuries), respectively, without added MRI. A single CT finding implies indeterminate PLC status and the need for further MRI assessment. The CT criteria will potentially guide MRI indications and treatment decisions for burst fractures in patients without neurological impairment.
PREDICTORS OF POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH SURGICALLY TREATED FOURTH VENTRICLE TUMOR
Authors: Beneš Vladimír , Haratek Kryštof , Bubeníková Adéla , Zápotocký Michal , Ondřej Bradáč 
Published: November 2024

Background
Tumors of fourth ventricle are frequently treated pathologies in pediatric neurosurgery. Data regarding predictors for permanent neurological deficits, long-term functional outcomes, cerebellar mutism (CM), the extent of resection (EOR), and oncological outcomes are scarce. We attempt to contribute to this topic with analysis of our institutional cohort.

Methods
A retrospective single-center study of patients aged ? 19 years who underwent primary surgical resection of fourth ventricular tumor over a 15-year period (2006–2021). Predictors analyzed included: age, gender, surgical approach, anatomical pattern, tumor grade, EOR, tumor volume, and others as appropriate.

Results
106 patients were included (64 males, mean age 7.3 years). Rate of permanent neurological deficit was 24.2%; lateral tumor extension (p = 0.036) and tumor volume greater than 38 cm3 (p = 0.020) were significant predictors. Presence of deficit was the only significant predictor of reduced (less than 90) Lansky score (p = 0.005). CM occurred in 20.8% of patients and was influenced by medulloblastoma histology (p = 0.011), lateral tumor extension (p = 0.017), and male gender (p = 0.021). No significant difference between transvermian and telovelar approach in development of CM was detected (p = 0.478). No significant predictor was found for EOR. EOR was not found to be significant predictor of overall
survival for both low-grade and high-grade tumors, however, gross total resection (GTR) was protective against tumor recurrence compared to near-total or subtotal resection (p < 0.001). Survival was found to be better in older patients (? 7.0 years, p = 0.019).

Conclusion
The overall rate of postoperative complications remains high due to the eloquent localization. Older patients (>7 years) have been found to have better outcomes and prognosis. Achieving GTR whenever feasible and safe has been shown to be critical for tumor recurrence. CM was more common in patients with medulloblastoma, and in patients with tumors extending through the foramen of Luschka. The telovelar approach uses a safe and anatomically sparing corridor, however, it has not been associated with a lower incidence of CM and neurological sequelae in our series, showing that each case should be assessed on an individual basis.
COMPLEXITY OF PITUITARY ADENOMA SURGERY
Authors: Ionescu Cristian-Norbert , Balasa Adrian-Florian , Chinezu Rares , Mühlfay Gheorghe 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Pituitary adenomas are the most common intraselllar tumors, representing 16% of all intracranial lesions. Although the symptomatology is very complex, it requires a multimodal treatment plan, in order to cover all corners of this combined pathology. Mostly the treatment is surgical, hormonal or combined. The transnazosphenoidal corridor offers a optimal visualitation of the anatomic location (via microscope or endoscope) but also comes with a variety of morbidities, one of the most important being the cerebrospinalfluid fistula (CSF leak).

Objective
We effectuated a retrospective cohort study in which we included patients with pituitary adenoma who were operated in the Clinic of Neurosurgery from Targu-Mures Emergency County Hospital between January 2018 and April 2024 with full documentation, including complications (apoplexy, infections, CSF fistula etc.).

Results
A total of 45 patients passed the inclusion criteria with a predominance of female patients (60%, n=27) with a mean age of 55.77 years. Analizing the clinical and paraclinical data, there were 39 patients with macroadenoma (vs. microadenoma n=6), with the dominant symptomatology being headache (86.66%) and visual disturbances (66.66%). In 32 cases the transnazosphenoidal (TSS) approach was used (1 case endoscopic and 31 cases microscopic), in 10 cases pure transcranian with modified pterional or subfrontal craniotomy and in 3 cases there was a combined approach. Postoperative complications were encountered in 8 cases (17.77%), and death in 1 case. 6 patients presented postoperative CSF fistula. In 16 cases we encountered postoperative Diabetes Insipidus with a significant difference in the tumor volume favoring this manifestation (p=0.0001). There was no significance found between the volume of the tumor and postoperative CSF leak (p=0.665). In 31 cases (68.88%) the TSS approach was used and the closing of the sphenoid sinus and cranial base was effectuated in a classic manner with fat, fascia and muscle; in additional cases specified glues were used.

Conclusions
Our study wants to reflect on the importance of anterior/middle cranial base closure, taking into account the possible postoperative complications. It is important to be aware of the technique of different nasoseptal flaps in order to prevent CSF fistula and reduce postoperative complications.
GLIOMA-RELATED EPILEPSY
Authors: Miculescu Iulia , Ivan Daniela L. , Dabu Aurelia , Teleanu D. , Corlatescu A.D. , Ciurea A.V. 
Published: November 2024

Diffuse low-grade gliomas (LGGs), originating from glial tissue, have a propensity to progress to higher-grade tumors over time, presenting a complex challenge in clinical management. Glioma-associated epilepsy is a significant clinical indicator influencing both treatment strategies and prognostication. This study aims to assess the impact of glioma-related epilepsy on treatment outcomes and explore the current management guidelines.

Material and Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 38 patients diagnosed with LGGs (WHO grades 2 and 3) treated in our neurosurgical department from 2013 to 2023. The focus was on glioma-related epileptic seizures, with outcomes evaluated using the Engel classification six months post-surgery. Additionally, anti-seizure medication (ASM) regimens were reviewed, and current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on low-grade gliomas were synthesized.

Results
Of the 38 patients, 30 had diffuse astrocytoma and 8 had oligodendroglioma. Among those with glioma-related epilepsy (n=25), management strategies included biopsy only (8%), gross total resection (GTR) (40%), subtotal resection (StR) (32%), and partial resection (PaR) (20%). No significant correlation was found between seizures and tumor volume, growth rate, or histological findings. However, a positive correlation between the extent of surgical resection and improved Engel outcomes was observed.

Discussion
Existing research suggests that early seizures may be a favorable prognostic indicator for malignant progression-free and overall survival. Epilepsy significantly impacts the quality of life for glioma patients. Exploring targeted epilepsy surgery for glioma-related seizures could potentially enhance patient outcomes and quality of life posttreatment.

Conclusion
Advancing approaches in epilepsy surgery for glioma-related seizures holds promise for improving patient quality of life and treatment efficacy. Further investigation into these strategies is warranted.
NOT THE USUAL SUSPECTS: GLIOBLASTOMA OF THE CEREBELLOPONTINE ANGLE MASQUERADING AS A VESTIBULAR SCHWANNOMA
Authors: Padurean Vlad Adrian , Florian Ioan Stefan 
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Most tumoral processes involving the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are extraneuraxial and usually comprise of vestibular schwannomas and meningiomas, followed by less common lesions such as epidermoid cysts, metastases and arachnoid cysts. Glioblastomas located in the CPA are rarely diagnosed. Uncommonly, intraneuraxial tumors in the CPA may grow in an exophytic manner compressing the surrounding cranial nerves, resembling the clinical picture of a more common extraneuraxial tumour.

Clinical Case
A 47 year old male presented to our department accusing gait imbalance, vertigo, vomiting and nausea, symptoms that started 2 months prior to admission. Upon neurological examination, the patient additionally presented right facial paresis and hypoesthesia, right sided hypoacusis, hypogeusia and diplopia. A contrast enhanced cerebral MRI revealed a right cerebellopontine angle mass with inhomogenous contrast enhancement, relatively well delineated, exerting mass effect on the cerebellum and pons with reduced perilesional edema but with involvement of the internal acoustic meatus. The indication for surgical removal of the tumour was made. The patient was placed in sitting position and a right retrosigmoid approach was performed using the operating microscope. Upon retraction of the cerebellar hemisphere, a greyish, highly vascularized and soft lesion was seen, exhibiting a spread growth, engulfing the V, VII and VIII nerves, without infiltrating them, resembling anything but a schwannoma. A frozen section of the tumour revealed a surprising result: high grade glioma. The surgical excision continued in a piece-meal fashion, using the ultrasonic aspirator with preservation of the cranial nerves until an almost complete removal was achieved.

The immediate postop evolution of the patient was favourable. Nevertheless, the final histopathological diagnosis confirmed a grade IV glioblastoma. Oncological treatmend followed, but the tumour relapsed in 2 months after surgery, the control MRI revealing a multilocular tumoral dissemination in the cerebellum and brainstem which was surgically unsalvageable.

Conclusion
Glioblastoma of the CPA, manifesting both imagistically and clinically as a vestibular schwannoma is a rare entity but nevertheless extant, that dramatically changes the prognosis and postop evolution of a patient. Physicians involved in the diagnosis and treatment of such tumours must always be suspicious of the usual suspects in the CPA.