bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeding variability of different alpha synuclein strains in synucleinopathies
Authors: Candelise Niccolò , Schmitz Matthias , Llorens Franc , Villar‐Piqué Anna , Cramm Maria , Thom Tobias , da Silva Correia Susana Margarida , da Cunha José Eriton Gomes , Möbius Wiebke , Outeiro Tiago F. , Álvarez Valentina González , Banchelli Martina , D'Andrea Cristiano , de Angelis Marella , Zafar Saima , Rabano Alberto , Matteini Paolo , Zerr Inga 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesCurrently, the exact reasons why different α‐synucleinopathies exhibit variable pathologies and phenotypes are still unknown. A potential explanation may be the existence of distinctive α‐synuclein conformers or strains. Here, we intend to analyze the seeding activity of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease (PD) brain‐derived α‐synuclein seeds by real‐time quaking‐induced conversion (RT‐QuIC) and to investigate the structure and morphology of the α‐synuclein aggregates generated by RT‐QuIC.MethodsA misfolded α‐synuclein–enriched brain fraction from frontal cortex and substantia nigra pars compacta tissue, isolated by several filtration and centrifugation steps, was subjected to α‐synuclein/RT‐QuIC analysis. Our study included neuropathologically well‐characterized cases with DLB, PD, and controls (Ctrl). Biochemical and morphological analyses of RT‐QuIC products were conducted by western blot, dot blot analysis, Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.ResultsIndependently from the brain region, we observed different seeding kinetics of α‐synuclein in the RT‐QuIC in patients with DLB compared to PD and Ctrl. Biochemical characterization of the RT‐QuIC product indicated the generation of a proteinase K–resistant and fibrillary α‐synuclein species in DLB‐seeded reactions, whereas PD and control seeds failed in the conversion of wild‐type α‐synuclein substrate.InterpretationStructural variances of α‐synuclein seeding kinetics and products in DLB and PD indicated, for the first time, the existence of different α‐synuclein strains in these groups. Therefore, our study contributes to a better understanding of the clinical heterogeneity among α‐synucleinopathies, offers an opportunity for a specific diagnosis, and opens new avenues for the future development of strain‐specific therapies. Ann Neurol 2019;85:691–703
Nanozyme‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions for Mitochondria‐Mimicking Oxidative Phosphorylation
Authors: Xu Youqian , Fei Jinbo , Li Guangle , Yuan Tingting , Xu Xia , Li Junbai 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMultiple‐enzyme‐involving cascade reactions that yield bioenergy are necessary in natural oxidative phosphorylation. However, in vitro applications are hampered by the sensitivity of catalytic activity to environmental adaptation. Herein, we explore nanozyme‐catalyzed cascade reactions in an assembled hybrid architecture for mitochondria‐mimicking oxidative phosphorylation. Hollow silica microspheres containing trapped gold nanoparticles were synthesized to promote two enzyme‐like catalytic reactions that transform glucose into gluconic acid in the presence of oxygen. The resulting transmembrane proton gradient drives natural ATP synthase reconstituted on the surface to convert ADP and inorganic phosphate into ATP. The assembled architecture possesses high activity for oxidative phosphorylation, comparable to that of natural mitochondria. This study provides a new natural–artificial hybrid prototype for exploring bioenergy supply systems and holds great promise for ATP‐powered bioapplications.
An Aqueous Dual‐Ion Battery Cathode of Mn3O4 via Reversible Insertion of Nitrate
Authors: Jiang Heng , Wei Zhixuan , Ma Lu , Yuan Yifei , Hong Jessica J. , Wu Xianyong , Leonard Daniel P. , Holoubek John , Razink Joshua James , Stickle William F. , Du Fei , Wu Tianpin , Lu Jun , Ji Xiulei 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe report reversible electrochemical insertion of NO3− into manganese(II, III) oxide (Mn3O4) as a cathode for aqueous dual‐ion batteries. Characterization by TGA, FTIR, EDX, XANES, EXAFS, and EQCM collectively provides unequivocal evidence that reversible oxidative NO3− insertion takes place inside Mn3O4. Ex situ HRTEM and corresponding EDX mapping results suggest that NO3− insertion de‐crystallizes the structure of Mn3O4. Kinetic studies reveal fast migration of NO3− in the Mn3O4 structure. This finding may open a new direction for novel low‐cost aqueous dual‐ion batteries.
Development of Dual and Selective Degraders of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinases 4 and 6
Authors: Jiang Baishan , Wang Eric S. , Donovan Katherine A. , Liang Yanke , Fischer Eric S. , Zhang Tinghu , Gray Nathanael S. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCyclin‐dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) are key regulators of the cell cycle, and there are FDA‐approved CDK4/6 inhibitors for treating patients with metastatic breast cancer. However, due to conservation of their ATP‐binding sites, development of selective agents has remained elusive. Here, we report imide‐based degrader molecules capable of degrading both CDK4/6, or selectively degrading either CDK4 or CDK6. We were also able to tune the activity of these molecules against Ikaros (IKZF1) and Aiolos (IKZF3), which are well‐established targets of imide‐based degraders. We found that in mantle cell lymphoma cell lines, combined IKZF1/3 degradation with dual CDK4/6 degradation produced enhanced anti‐proliferative effects compared to CDK4/6 inhibition, CDK4/6 degradation, or IKZF1/3 degradation. In summary, we report here the first compounds capable of inducing selective degradation of CDK4 and CDK6 as tools to pharmacologically dissect their distinct biological functions.
The Arene‐Stabilized η5‐Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl Arsenic Dication [(η5‐Cp*)As(toluene)]2+
Authors: Zhou Jiliang , Liu Liu Leo , Cao Levy L. , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractDouble chloride abstraction of Cp*AsCl2 gives the dicationic arsenic species [(η5‐Cp*)As(tol)][B(C6F5)4]2 (2) (tol=toluene). This species is shown to exhibit Lewis super acidity by the Gutmann–Beckett test and by fluoride abstraction from [NBu4][SbF6]. Species 2 participates in the FLP activation of THF affording [(η2‐Cp*)AsO(CH2)4(THF)][B(C6F5)4]2 (5). The reaction of 2 with PMe3 or dppe generates [(Me3P)2As][B(C6F5)4] (6) and [(σ‐Cp*)PMe3][B(C6F5)4] (7), or [(dppe)As][B(C6F5)4] (8) and [(dppe)(σ‐Cp*)2][B(C6F5)4]2 (9), respectively, through a facile cleavage of C−As bonds, thus showcasing unusual reactivity of this unique As‐containing compound.
A Polymer Coating Transfer Enrichment Method for Direct Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Lipids in Biofluid Samples
Authors: Zhang Wenpeng , Chiang Spencer , Li Zishuai , Chen Qinhua , Xia Yu , Ouyang Zheng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA porous polymer coating transfer enrichment method is developed for the direct mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of lipids. The enrichment is fast (ca. 1 min) and enables the profiling and quantitation of lipids in small‐volume biofluid samples. Coupled with a photochemical Paternò–Büchi reaction, this method enables the fast determination of lipid structure at the C=C location level and point‐of‐care lipid biomarker analysis.
Investigation of design parameters in generating antifouling and lubricating surfaces using hydrophilic polymer brushes
Authors: Pidhatika Bidhari , Nalam Prathima C. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTLong‐term stability of hydrophilic surface coatings that prevent fouling, cell adhesion and present a lubricious interface for biomaterials has been widely investigated in recent years. As an alternative to the gold standard poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly(2‐oxazoline)‐based coatings are promising due to their higher stability against oxidative degradation in comparison to PEG. In this study, we compare the antifouling and tribological properties of PEG and poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PMOXA) brush structures as a function of structural design parameters such as grafting density, chain length, and the monomer solubility. Brush properties such as hydration (number of H2O molecules per monomer), shear modulus, and serum adsorption as a function of design parameters were estimated using optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy and quartz crystal microbalance/dissipation techniques. At high monomer surface densities, PMOXA showed approximately three times higher structurally associated H2O molecules per monomer in comparison to PEG brushes, leading to stiffer PMOXA brushes. We found that the chain stiffening of PMOXA brushes lead to higher macroscopic coefficients of friction; however presented similar adsorbed serum mass (high antifouling properties) when compared to PEG brushes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47659.
Nano‐modified HDPE/PA6 microfibrillar composites: Effect of aminated graphite platelets coupling
Authors: Kelnar Ivan , Bal Ümitcan , Zhigunov Alexander , Kaprálková Ludmila , Fortelný Ivan , Krejčíková Sabina , Kredatusová Jana , Dybal Jiří , Janata Miroslav , Nofar Mohammadreza 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTModification of microfibrillar composites (MFCs) by nanofillers shows important effects of its localization on performance. This work deals with control of migration/localization of amine‐modified graphite nanoplatelets (GNPAs) in the HDPE/PA6 system through their in situ coupling. GNPA/HDPE linking also leads to complex morphology of PA6 fibers. Although such control of GNPA localization and migration in MFC is limited, marked variations of properties, including decrease with high draw ratio, occurs. This is in spite of the fact that structure and crystallinity are comparable with that of the polymer/GNPA adduct. The reason is a more pronounced negative effect of presence of the GNP adducts in the fiber surface layer on HDPE crystallinity, in comparison with neat GNP, that is, formation of “soft” interface. The negative effects were markedly eliminated by pre‐blending and coupling of GNPA in both polymer phases. Results confirm more effective control of MFC performance by in situ coupling of GNPA with polymer components in comparison with a nonreactive system. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47660.
Correlation between clay type and performance of swelling inhibitors based on polyetherdiamine in aqueous fluids
Authors: da Silva Ítalo Guimarães Medeiros , Bertolino Luiz Carlos , Lucas Elizabete Fernandes 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn this work, the linear swelling of four samples of natural clays was evaluated, using poly(propylene glycol) bis(2‐aminopropyl ether) ~230 g mol−1 (PEDA‐230) and ~400 g mol−1 (PEDA‐400) as shale inhibitors for water‐based drilling fluids, in comparison to a commercial shale inhibitor. The swelling kinetics was described by a semiempirical equation. A correlation was found between the cation exchange capacity of the clays and the diffusion kinetic constant of the inhibitors. Increased molar mass of PEDA favored swelling inhibition. The swelling inhibition was also evaluated by rheology, and the results were in agreement with the linear swelling tests. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the occurrence of microfractures on the clay surface after water contact, as well as the adsorption of the different shale inhibitors on the clay surfaces after contact with the aqueous inhibited fluid. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47661.
Hydrolysis‐resistant polyurethane elastomers synthesized from hydrophobic bio‐based polyfarnesene diol
Authors: Zhang Jun , Chen Jianjun , Yao Ming , Jiang Zhiguo , Ma Yuhong 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTHydrolytic stability is an essential requirement for polyurethanes (PUs) that are used in highly humid and aqueous environments. In this study, hydrolysis‐resistant PU elastomers (PUEs) are synthesized based on hydrophobic bio‐based polyfarnesene diol (PFD), which contains unique “bottle brushes” structure (with long branched hydrocarbon side chains). The effect of hard segment (HS) content, ranging from 30 to 50%, on the morphology and properties of PUEs is investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, tensile, water absorption, and contact angle measurements. The results show that there are prominent phase separations in the synthesized PUEs. The PUEs show a three‐stage degradation process and two Tg, one is at about −66 °C and the other 61 °C, which are related to the soft segment and HS, respectively. Water contact angles of PUEs increase from 98.6 to 105.2° with the increasing of PFD structural unit fraction. After being immersed in deionized water for 30 days, PUEs show no significant degradation of both tensile strength and elongation at break, and mass changes of all samples are less than 0.5%. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47673.
Electrophysiological alterations in motor‐auditory predictive coding in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: van Laarhoven Thijs , Stekelenburg Jeroen J. , Eussen Mart L.J.M. , Vroomen Jean 
Published: February 2019

The amplitude of the auditory N1 component of the event‐related potential (ERP) is typically attenuated for self‐initiated sounds, compared to sounds with identical acoustic and temporal features that are triggered externally. This effect has been ascribed to internal forward models predicting the sensory consequences of one's own motor actions. The predictive coding account of autistic symptomatology states that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have difficulties anticipating upcoming sensory stimulation due to a decreased ability to infer the probabilistic structure of their environment. Without precise internal forward prediction models to rely on, perception in ASD could be less affected by prior expectations and more driven by sensory input. Following this reasoning, one would expect diminished attenuation of the auditory N1 due to self‐initiation in individuals with ASD. Here, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the neural response to self‐ versus externally‐initiated tones between a group of individuals with ASD and a group of age matched neurotypical controls. ERPs evoked by tones initiated via button‐presses were compared with ERPs evoked by the same tones replayed at identical pace. Significant N1 attenuation effects were only found in the TD group. Self‐initiation of the tones did not attenuate the auditory N1 in the ASD group, indicating that they may be unable to anticipate the auditory sensory consequences of their own motor actions. These results show that individuals with ASD have alterations in sensory attenuation of self‐initiated sounds, and support the notion of impaired predictive coding as a core deficit underlying autistic symptomatology. Autism Res 2019, 12: 589–599. © 2019 The Authors. Autism Research published by International Society for Autism Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryMany individuals with ASD experience difficulties in processing sensory information (for example, increased sensitivity to sound). Here we show that these difficulties may be related to an inability to anticipate upcoming sensory stimulation. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying the different sensory perception experienced by individuals with ASD.
Social and nonsocial visual prediction errors in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Greene Rachel K. , Zheng Shuting , Kinard Jessica L. , Mosner Maya G. , Wiesen Christopher A. , Kennedy Daniel P. , Dichter Gabriel S. 
Published: February 2019

Impaired predictive coding has been proposed as a framework to explain discrepancies between expectations and outcomes in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that may contribute to core symptoms of the disorder. However, no eye tracking study has directly addressed this framework in the context of visual predictions of social and nonsocial stimuli. The current study used eye tracking to examine violations of learned visual associations of both social and nonsocial stimuli. Twenty‐six adolescents with ASD and 18 typically developing control (TDC) adolescents completed an outcome expectation eye tracking task in which predictive cues correctly (80% of trials) or incorrectly (20% of trials) indicated the location (left or right) of forthcoming social or nonsocial stimuli. During violation trials, individuals with ASD focused their gaze relatively more often on stimuli presented on locations that violated the learned association and less often on locations that corresponded with the learned association. This finding was not moderated by stimulus type (i.e., social vs. nonsocial). Additionally, participants who looked at incorrectly predicted locations more often had significantly greater ASD symptom severity. These results are consistent with theories that characterize ASD as a disorder of prediction and have potential implications for understanding symptoms related to prediction errors in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 878–883. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit impairments making predictions that may impact learning. In this study, we used eye tracking methodology and found that individuals with ASD were less likely to look at the predicted location when a visual routine was violated. This pattern was evident for both social and nonsocial images and was associated with greater ASD symptom severity. These findings provide additional support for predictive challenges in ASD.
Surface Degradation and Chemical Electrolyte Oxidation Induced by the Oxygen Released from Layered Oxide Cathodes in Li−Ion Batteries
Authors: Leanza Daniela , Mirolo Marta , Vaz Carlos A. F. , Novák Petr , El Kazzi Mario 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHigh‐resolution, surface sensitive soft X‐ray photoemission electron microscopy (XPEEM) reveals the fine interplay between oxygen and transition metal (TM) redox activities on the surface of a Li1.17(Ni0.22Co0.12Mn0.66)0.83O2 (Li‐rich NCM) electrode. We demonstrate that the oxidation of oxygen in the lattice is accompanied by TM reduction already at 4.47 V vs. Li+/Li, as a result of oxygen loss from the surface, the latter process being enhanced at 4.8 V where oxygen gas reaches a maximum release rate. Simultaneously, we find evidence for the chemical oxidation of the electrolyte solvents above 4.8 V induced by the released oxygen, leading to the formation of a carbonate by‐products layer that covers homogeneously the particles of the counter electrode Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). The latter observation demonstrates that migration‐diffusion of such oxidized solvent by‐products occurs only when the solvents are chemically oxidized. We showed also that the Li‐rich NCM is susceptible to oxygen loss during soaking in the electrolyte, which causes TMs reduction and the poisoning of the counter electrode.
Effect of compassion‐focused group therapy on psychological symptoms in mothers of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder children: A pilot study
Authors: Navab Mojgan , Dehghani Akram , Salehi Mehrdad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may accentuate varying psychological symptoms in parents. Since mothers are the most likely individuals interacting with ADHD children, it is highly probable that they will be influenced the most.ObjectivesThis pilot study aimed to determine the effect of compassion‐focused group therapy on psychological symptoms of mothers of ADHD children.MethodsA pre‐test–post‐test control‐grouped, quasi‐experimental study was carried out on a sample of 20 mothers of children with ADHD who were referred to the Health Centers of Isfahan City in Spring 2017. Prior to the intervention, the mothers’ psychological symptoms were recorded in both groups using the DASS‐21 questionnaire. Then, the mothers (n = 10) in the treatment group underwent 8 weekly sessions of 90‐min, compassion‐focused therapy. Both groups were post‐tested 1 week after the intervention. Finally, the collected data were analysed in SPSS‐23.ResultsThe results of the study showed that, after the intervention, the mothers’ psychological symptoms in the treatment group significantly decreased (pre‐test: 36.10 ± 7.96 vs. post‐test: 33.40 ± 4.28, p value < 0.05), while no significant change was observed in the control group. Depression and anxiety levels showed a significant decrease in the treatment group as compared to the control group (p value < 0.05), while participants’ stress levels remained the same in both groups (p value > 0.05).ConclusionThe findings revealed that compassion‐focused therapy resulted in an increase in self‐compassion and inner calmness levels, and a decrease in the use of avoidance coping strategy on the one hand, and the need to regulate emotions and ruminations on the other hand, among the mothers of ADHD children, which subsequently led to a decrease in psychological symptoms.
1H‐NMR Based Metabolomics Profiling of Citrus Juices Produced in Veracruz, México
Authors: Villa‐Ruano Nemesio , Pérez‐Hernández Nury , Zepeda‐Vallejo L. Gerardo , Quiroz‐Acosta Tayde , Mendieta‐Moctezuma Aarón , Montoya‐García César , García‐Nava Marco L. , Becerra‐Martínez Elvia 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThis study describes the 1H‐NMR‐based metabolomics profiling of juices from citrus fruits harvested in the state of Veracruz, México. The hydrophilic profile of commercial lemons (Agrio and Persian), tangerines (Fremont and Mónica), oranges (Valencia and Washington Navel), and grapefruits (Red Ruby and Rio Red) was determined. According to our results, 35 metabolites were identified in the 1H‐NMR profiling. The statistical differences obtained by PCA and OPLS‐DA revealed that specific amino acids, sugars, and organic acids were differential metabolites in the species and cultivars studied. High endogenous levels of sucrose (10–190 mM), α‐glucose, β‐glucose (α‐ and β‐isomers, 40–205 mm), and fructose (36–170 mm) were detected in the juices of grapefruits, oranges, and tangerines, whereas citric acid (40–530 mm) was the principal organic acid in the juices of lemons. To calculate the specific amounts of metabolites from these species and their cultivars, the results were finely analyzed using the qNMR method. According to these calculations, Valencia oranges had the highest concentration of ascorbic acid (>2 mm). The described 1H‐NMR method is highly reproducible, inexpensive, and highly robust in comparison to other analytical methods used to determine the hydrophilic profile of citrus juices.
Hemoglobin(βC93A)–Albumin Cluster: Mutation of Cysteine‐β93 to Alanine Allows Moderate Reduction of O2 Affinity by Inositol Hexaphosphate
Authors: Morita Yoshitsugu , Igarashi Keisuke , Funaki Ryosuke , Komatsu Teruyuki 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCovalent wrapping of recombinant human hemoglobin (Cys‐β93→Ala) variant rHb(βC93A) by human serum albumin (HSA) yielded the rHb(βC93A)‐HSA3 cluster as an artificial O2 carrier as a red blood cell substitute. Complexation of inositol hexaphosphate to the central rHb(βC93A) core reduced the O2 affinity moderately, in much the same way as that of naked hemoglobin. This reduction might be attributable to the inert, small Ala‐β93 residue, which cannot be reacted with the bulky maleimide crosslinker.