bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol Treatment for Adult Patients with Drug‐Resistant Epilepsies: A Real‐World Study in a Tertiary Center
Authors: Calonge Quentin , Besnard Aurore , Bailly Laurent , Damiano Maria , Pichit Phintip , Dupont Sophie , Gourfinkel‐An Isabelle , Navarro Vincent 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and purposeAround 30% of patients with epilepsy show drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE). While cannabidiol has demonstrated efficacy as an adjunctive treatment in Dravet syndrome (DS), Lennox–Gastaut Syndrome (LGS), and epilepsy related to tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), its more global effectiveness in adult patients with DRE apart from these three specific contexts needs to be clarified.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study at the epilepsy unit of Pitié Salpêtrière Hospital. Patients initiating pharmaceutical cannabidiol treatment and followed for at least 1 year were included. Patients were categorized into “authorized” (LGS, DS, or TSC) and “off‐label” groups. Cannabidiol effectiveness and tolerance were compared between groups, and characteristics of responders (patients with >50% reduction in seizure frequency) in the off‐label group were examined.ResultsNinety‐one patients, followed by a median duration of 24 months, were included. A total of 35.2% of the patients were in the authorized group. No significant differences were observed in responder rates between groups (31.3% vs. 35.6%, p = 0.85) and retention rates at 1 year (75.0% vs. 74.6%, p = 0.97). Sleepiness was more commonly reported in the authorized group (50.0% vs. 22.0%, p = 0.01), with no other significant differences. Among off‐label patients (n = 59), clobazam co‐prescription was more prevalent in responders (71.4% vs. 28.9%, p = 0.002).ConclusionOur findings suggest that cannabidiol may benefit all adult patients with DRE, particularly those already receiving clobazam. Randomized controlled trials are warranted in off‐label patients to validate these observational findings.
Association Between Dietary Fiber Intake and Sleep Disorders: Based on the NHANES Database
Authors: Chen Yijun , Zhao Zengchen , Ding Weijun , Zhou Zhenting , Xiao Meihong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveUtilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, the primary objective of this investigation was to examine the relationship between dietary fiber intake (DFI) and sleep disorders.MethodsFor analysis, data from three consecutive cycles of NHANES (2009–2014) were pooled. The independent variable of interest was DFI, while the dependent variable was sleep disorders. Weighted logistic regression was employed to model the relationship between the two variables. Subgroup analyses were conducted, stratified, and adjusted to explore the association between DFI and sleep disorders.ResultsThis study encompassed a cohort of 14,360 samples. Logistic regression results revealed a significant inverse association between higher DFI and the risk of sleep disorders (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.98–1.00, p = 0.005). Stratified analysis demonstrated significant interactive effects of gender and physical activity on the association between DFI and sleep disorders (interaction p = 0.017, p = 0.061). Quartile‐stratified analysis of DFI showed that in the crude model, Q4 exhibited a significant protective impact against sleep disorders (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59–0.97, p = 0.026). In model I, which adjusted for demographic characteristics only, Q3 (OR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.56–0.98, p = 0.036) and Q4 (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55‐0.90, p = 0.006) had significant protective effects on sleep disorders. Additionally, gender subgroup analysis revealed that DFI had a significant impact on the female population, particularly in postmenopausal women, and was more pronounced in subjects with BMI > 30 kg/m2 (p = 0.011). Within the physical activity subgroup, there was a certain effect of DFI on improving sleep disorders in individuals with low activity intensity.ConclusionIncreasing DFI had a protective effect in reducing the risk of sleep disorders. This protective effect may be more pronounced in the female population and individuals with low physical intensity.
The influence of blockchain technology on circular economy implementation in the automotive sector: From a GMM model to a new machine learning algorithm
Authors: Lin Woon Leong , Leow Nelvin Xe Chung , Lim Wai Mun , Ho Ming Kang , Yong Jing Yi , Pek Chuen Khee 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis investigation explores the integration of blockchain technology (BCT) with circular economy (CE) principles within the automotive sector, leveraging a dataset from the years 2011 to 2019. Employing advanced analytical techniques, including machine learning models and the system generalized method of moments (GMM), the study meticulously assesses BCT's impact on CE practices over the specified period. The dataset, curated from esteemed sources such as CSRHub, Thomson Reuters, and Bloomberg, enhances the reliability and validity of our analysis. Results indicate a positive influence of BCT on the adoption and effectiveness of CE practices in the automotive industry, suggesting that CE practices can bolster firm performance. Notably, the analysis reveals that support vector machines (SVM) and neural networks (NNs) exhibit superior efficacy over the random forest (RF) model in capturing the nuances of the BCT‐CE interplay. This is evidenced by their lower root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE), signifying greater predictive accuracy. The findings illuminate BCT's potential to revolutionize CE practices, optimize resource use, and foster sustainability in the automotive field.
Environmental photograph use in corporate sustainability reporting: A machine‐supported visual content analysis
Authors: Fenk Lorenz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite the prevalence of photographs in corporate sustainability reporting, their use is not yet sufficiently understood. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first large‐scale study in the field. Introducing a novel machine‐supported approach, we assess environmental photograph utilization based on a sample of 45,228 photographs contained in 1,463 separately disclosed sustainability reports from European firms between 2011 and 2020. We find that against the overall trend of decreasing photograph utilization, the share of environmentally themed photographs has markedly increased. Furthermore, operating in an environmentally sensitive industry is strongly associated with a substantially larger share of photographs depicting environmental subject matter. Lastly, we observe that companies signal their superior environmental performance through greater utilization of environmental photographs. By introducing a novel machine‐supported approach to analyzing photographs, this study makes a methodological contribution to the field of sustainability reporting. Our results also have important practical implications.
Cobalt Phosphide Decorating Metallic Cobalt With a Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nano‐Shell Surpasses Platinum Group Metals for Oxygen Electrocatalysis Applications
Authors: Tahir Muhammad , Farid Muhammad Asim , Aliyev Elvin , Huang Zhenfeng , Zou Ji‐Jun , Du Shangfeng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIt has been a long‐standing challenge to cultivate capable and resilient oxygen electrocatalysts with higher activity, low price, and long lifetime to replace the commonly used platinum group metals, i.e., Pt for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and RuO2/IrO2 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This work presents a promising approach to address the challenges associated with oxygen electrocatalysis by introducing a cobalt phosphide/metallic cobalt (Co2P/Co) core wrapped in a nitrogen‐doped conductive carbon (CN) nano‐shell, demonstrated as Co2P/Co@NC. The strong chemical bonding between metallic cobalt and phosphorus, nitrogen and conductive carbon contributes to the enhanced conductivity and stability of the electrocatalyst. The nitrogen doping in the carbon shell provides additional Co–N active sites, which are crucial for ORR activity. Co2P/Co@NC demonstrates promising activity and stability compared to noble metals such as Pt for ORR in an alkaline medium. This suggests its potential as a cost‐effective alternative to Pt‐based catalysts. Further, due to factors such as strong cobalt‐phosphide bonding, high cobalt oxidation states and excellent conductivity of the nitrogen‐doped carbon shell, the Co2P/Co@NC outperforms noble metal oxides like iridium dioxide (IrO2) and ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) for OER. Co2P/Co@NC exhibits a low potential difference of 0.63 V, which is among the lowest reported for bifunctional electrocatalysts capable of both ORR and OER. Overall, the described strategy offers a promising avenue for developing efficient, low‐cost and stable electrocatalysts for oxygen reactions, which are crucial for various electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies, such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Isobutyric Acid Promotes Immune Evasion in Colorectal Cancer via Increased PD‐L1 Expression
Authors: Lin Qiuhua , Wang Han , Chen Wenbo , Wei Xinjie , Chen Jinglian , Deng Ying , Wei Chunyin , Lai Hao , Mo Xianwei , Tang Weizhong , Luo Tao 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionIsobutyric acid (IBA), a short‐chain fatty acid, has been unequivocally demonstrated to exert significant influence on the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of its intricate regulatory mechanisms remains elusive.MethodsEmploying advanced techniques such as western blot, RT‐qPCR, and flow cytometry, we systematically investigated the impact of IBA on the expression of PD‐L1 in CRC cells. Concurrently, employing RNA silencing technology and small‐molecule inhibitors, we delved into the molecular intricacies underlying the regulatory axis of IBA involving ROCK1/c‐Myc/PD‐L1. Furthermore, through flow cytometry analysis, we examined the alterations in the tumor immune microenvironment following anti‐PD‐L1 antibody therapy in a murine tumor model treated with IBA.ResultsElevated levels of IBA were found to robustly activate PD‐L1 expression in CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo, concomitantly reshaping the tumor immune microenvironment. Subsequent mechanistic investigations unveiled that IBA, through its interaction and activation of ROCK1, promotes the activation of c‐Myc, thereby enhancing the transcription of PD‐L1. Silencing of ROCK1 and application of ROCK1 inhibitors effectively reversed the regulatory effects of IBA on PD‐L1. Additionally, IBA inhibited the activity of infiltrating CD8+ T cells, resulting in diminished antitumor immunity and attenuating the sensitivity to anti‐PD‐L1 therapy.ConclusionOur study elucidates a novel mechanism by which IBA inhibits the sensitivity of CRC to anti‐PD‐L1 antibody therapy. Emphasizing IBA and its downstream pathways as potential therapeutic targets for immune therapy resistance mechanisms, our findings provide a novel theoretical foundation for overcoming immune therapy resistance.
Barriers to discharge: A retrospective study of factors associated with stays of longer than 2 years in a French secure hospital unit
Authors: Larhant Camille , Raymond Sophie , Claude Laurie‐Anne , Lejoyeux Michel , Gasman Ivan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundExtended stays in specialist secure hospital units raise ethical concerns. While this topic has been investigated in various countries, there has been little research on it in France.AimsWe aimed to study the length of stay of patients in the Henri Colin unit, a secure hospital unit in the Paris area and test relationships between length of stay and sociodemographic, clinical and legal features.MethodsIn this records‐based retrospective study, we included all 60 inpatients on a census day just prior to the pandemic. We chose a 2‐year threshold to define long stay status.ResultsMean length of stay was just in the long‐stay range (756.7 days, SD 1071.2). Over a quarter (17, 28%) of the patients had been hospitalised for more than 2 years and 5 (8%) patients for more than 5 years. In multivariate analysis, legal status and need for seclusion during stay were significantly associated with long‐stay status. These results are consistent with international literature, especially as they show the significant interplay between legal and medical aspects in the patients' care pathway.ConclusionAs the first such study in a specialist medium security hospital unit in France, this study adds to the international evidence on the complexities surrounding extended stays in secure units and underscores the importance of addressing both clinical and legal aspects in the treatment of patients with mental disorders in these settings.
Core‐Shell Amorphous FePO4 as Cathode Material for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tang Peng , Prochest Kachenje John , Qin Xiaoping , Li Huihui , Zeng Xiangdong , Tian Haiyang , Cao Wei , Zhou Ying , Heng Di , Yuan Shishi , Jia Xun , Zhang Xiaolong , Zhao Xiaoyu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAmorphous FePO4 (AFP) is a promising cathode material for lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries (LIBs & SIBs) due to its stability, high theoretical capacity, and cost‐effective processing. However, challenges such as low electronic conductivity and volumetric changes seriously hinder its practical application. To overcome these hurdles, core‐shell structure synthesis emerges as a useful solution. In this work, we for the first time made this comprehensive review on the progresses of core‐shell amorphous FePO4 (CS‐AFP). This review summarizes 1) various synthesis methods such as template method, microemulsion method, and other methods, 2) characterization techniques, and 3) their involvement in improving electrochemical performance in LIBs and SIBs. In terms of further understanding the underlying mechanisms of advancing electrochemical performance of CS‐AFP, the future perspective on two main aspects were insighted: (i) in situ characterization and (ii) novel designs of materials and structure for CS‐AFP.
SEC‐SAXS/MC Ensemble Structural Studies of the Microtubule Binding Protein Cdt1 Show Monomeric, Folded‐Over Conformations
Authors: Smith Kyle P. , Chakravarthy Srinivas , Rahi Amit , Chakraborty Manas , Vosberg Kristen M. , Tonelli Marco , Plach Maximilian G. , Grigorescu Arabela A. , Curtis Joseph E. , Varma Dileep 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTCdt1 is a mixed folded protein critical for DNA replication licensing and it also has a “moonlighting” role at the kinetochore via direct binding to microtubules and the Ndc80 complex. However, it is unknown how the structure and conformations of Cdt1 could allow it to participate in these multiple, unique sets of protein complexes. While robust methods exist to study entirely folded or unfolded proteins, structure–function studies of combined, mixed folded/disordered proteins remain challenging. In this work, we employ orthogonal biophysical and computational techniques to provide structural characterization of mitosis‐competent human Cdt1. Thermal stability analyses shows that both folded winged helix domains1 are unstable. CD and NMR show that the N‐terminal and linker regions are intrinsically disordered. DLS shows that Cdt1 is monomeric and polydisperse, while SEC‐MALS confirms that it is monomeric at high concentrations, but without any apparent inter‐molecular self‐association. SEC‐SAXS enabled computational modeling of the protein structures. Using the program SASSIE, we performed rigid body Monte Carlo simulations to generate a conformational ensemble of structures. We observe that neither fully extended nor extremely compact Cdt1 conformations are consistent with SAXS. The best‐fit models have the N‐terminal and linker disordered regions extended into the solution and the two folded domains close to each other in apparent “folded over” conformations. We hypothesize the best‐fit Cdt1 conformations could be consistent with a function as a scaffold protein that may be sterically blocked without binding partners. Our study also provides a template for combining experimental and computational techniques to study mixed‐folded proteins.
Energy‐Aware Routing in WSN Utilizing Self‐Attention–Based Cycle‐Consistent Generative Adversarial Network With Honey Badger Algorithm
Authors: Vijaya bhaskar K. , Jyothi A. P. , Chandrasekaran Sivasankar , Thangathurai Vignesh 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTEnergy efficiency and secure data transmission are considered as the main design targets of wireless sensor network (WSN). Previous energy‐aware cluster head (CH) selection approaches could not provide secured data transmission. To address this problem, a self‐attention–based cycle‐consistent generative adversarial network (SaCyCsGAN) with honey badger algorithm (HyBA)–adopted energy‐aware routing (EgAR) in WSN is proposed. Initially, the proposed system uses a CH to carry out the routing practice. Accordingly, SaCyCsGAN classifier is exploited for CH selection under firm fitness function: delay, distance, energy, cluster density, and traffic rate. Afterward CH selection, a spiteful node may enter the cluster and acts as a CH. Hence, best path selection is needed. For that, HyBA is utilized, it selects the best path depending upon triplet parameter: trust, connectivity, and service degree. Finally, data are conveying into base station (BS) and vice versa under best path. Finally, the proposed EgAR‐WSN‐SaCyCsGAN‐HyBA method attains 24.13%, 28.57%, 5.88%, and 20.37% higher throughput and 18.50%, 21.67%, 13.33%, and 22.22% lesser energy consumption evaluated to the existing methods such as multiple‐objective CH utilizing self‐attention basis progressive generative adversarial network for safe data aggregation (EgAR‐WSN‐SAPrGAN‐ArVOA), reinforcement learning–based energy‐efficient optimized routing protocol in WSN (EgAR‐WSN‐RLGT‐BCSA), data aggregation including clustering protocol in WSN under machine learning (EgAR‐WSN‐AfNN), and optimum cluster along trusted path for routing formation with categorization of intrusion under machine learning categorization (EgAR‐WSN‐RsBPDT‐HoCSOA).
Assessment of P16 and Ki‐67 Proteins Immunoexpressing in Oral Mucosa Among Saudi Smokers
Authors: Elmahdi Faris M. , Alahmadi Lama S. , Aloufi Sarah A. , Alharbi Riyaa L. , Alharbi Saada S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is widely known that tobacco use significantly contributes to a variety of health problems, including mouth cancer. The proteins P16 and Ki‐67 have a role in regulating the cell cycle and promoting cell growth. Analyzing the levels of these proteins can give us valuable information about the overall health of cells.ObjectiveThis study aims to assess the cellular alterations and immunohistochemical expression of P16 and Ki‐67 in the oral mucosa of Saudi smokers.MethodFrom March to December 2023, a cross‐sectional study scraped 500 samples from the buccal mucosa. Participants in the study were Saudi citizens of both genders. We selected a total of 300 individuals who smoked cigarettes and 200 individuals who did not smoke tobacco as the control group. The selection process involved two sample techniques: initially purposive sampling and subsequently snowball sampling. The samples underwent an immunohistochemical examination to determine the presence of P16 and Ki‐67 protein overexpression. We evaluated the samples by assessing the proportion of cells that exhibited positive staining and the intensity of the staining. The data were examined utilizing SPSS. We identified categorical variables by calculating frequencies and percentages using the chi‐squared test. A significance level of p < 0.05 was used to determine statistical significance.ResultsA total of 48% of cigarette users had abnormal results, compared to 20% of nonsmokers. These abnormalities included cytological atypia, inflammation, reverse cytological infection, and binucleated or multinucleated cells (p = 0.015). People who smoked had higher levels of P16 and Ki‐67 expressions than people who did not smoke, 12% and 5%, respectively (p = 0.042). There were no important changes in P16/Ki‐67 expression between participants of different ages (p = 0.68) or between men and women (p = 0.27).ConclusionThese results demonstrate the detrimental effects of smoking on cell health, underscoring the importance of quitting to reduce the risk of cytological abnormalities and related diseases. Smokers have higher levels of the proteins P16 and Ki‐67, which shows how important these biomarkers are for understanding the risks to oral health.
Differences Between Preterm and Full‐Term Infants in Electroencephalogram Power Spectral Density Slope
Authors: Hammond Jennifer , Sahni Rakesh , Grieve Philip , Isler Joseph , Werner Elizabeth , Ostlund Brendan , Alschuler Daniel , Lee Seonjoo , Monk Catherine 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTA growing body of literature suggests that power spectral density (PSD) slope, measured using electroencephalography (EEG), might reflect synaptic activity and be a useful marker of early brain development. The objective of this article is to identify differences between preterm and full‐term infants in PSD slope in active and quiet sleep. This is a secondary analysis of two studies, including premature (N = 33) (30 0/7 and 36 0/7 weeks’ gestation) and full‐term infants (N = 22). EEG was performed at near term‐equivalent age in premature infants and within 36 h after birth in full‐term infants. The natural log of the EEG power spectrum was plotted versus the natural log of the frequency spectrum. To estimate PSD slope, the power law exponent derived from the slope of the log(power) versus log(frequency) was calculated for the 1–20 Hz range and the 21–40 Hz range. Linear regression models were fit for each region in active and quiet sleep to examine the association between the PSD slope and infant age group. Preterm versus full‐term infants demonstrated a less negative slope across multiple brain regions in active and quiet sleep. PSD slope may be an early measure of altered brain development in premature infants.