bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diapause and biological cycle of Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) in the eastern Pyrenees
Authors: López Carmen , Eizaguirre Matilde 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBoxwood is a very important component of the natural forests of the eastern Pyrenees. In the low altitudes of these forests, the invasive species Cydalima perspectalis (Walker) causes considerable damage, and there is concern that it will migrate towards the natural forests at higher altitudes. To determine the biological parameters of the local pest population, a semiartificial diet with lyophilized powdered Buxus sempervirens L. leaves was developed. The results obtained indicate that the studied population of C. perspectalis is very similar to the native Japanese population in terms of the number of larval instars to complete development, the development rate and the critical photoperiod for the induction of diapause. It has also been demonstrated that long photoperiods can shorten the duration of larval development. The diapause induction response was classified as type I, and diapause termination was classified as type III. At the two studied temperatures, 25º and 15ºC, the larvae seemed to require a similar number of days in diapause, approximately 3 months, to spontaneously resume development; temperatures can also prompt larvae to resume development. The critical photoperiod in the study area occurs during the second half of August, varying somewhat according to temperature. The greatest defoliation is caused by the offspring of the first generation, while the majority of the larval offspring of the second generation will enter diapause. The survival of natural boxwood in this area will depend on its ability to regrow one or two years after extensive defoliation and on the adaptation of several indigenous natural enemies in the region to feed on C. perspectalis.
The epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: East meets west
Authors: Mak Wing Yan , Zhao Mirabella , Ng Siew Chien , Burisch Johan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in East has risen over the past decade to become a global disease. The increasing number of studies on the incidence and course of IBD in East has enabled us to explore East versus West differences in the epidemiology of IBD which could enhance our understanding of the heterogeneity of the disease and eventually assist in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets and design of preventive strategies.Comparison of population‐based data in East and West reveals that the incidence of IBD has risen rapidly in East while plateauing in West. Furthermore, the clinical presentation and course of IBD differs between East and West with more patients in East presenting with complicated disease. Considering the scarcity of population‐based data from East and the lack of studies with long durations of follow‐up, it remains to be clarified whether these differences reflect true differences in disease presentation. The effects of genetic and environmental risk factors contributing to IBD also differ between Eastern and Western populations. Considering the differential effects of genetic and environmental risk factors in East and West, future studies should seek to discover novel genetic and environmental risk factors which might specifically apply to eastern populations.In this narrative review, we compare the epidemiology of IBD between eastern and western countries by summarizing evidence from population‐based cohort studies in the last ten years. Furthermore, we look at differences in genetic susceptibility and environmental triggers of IBD between East and West.
Houses as ATMs: Mortgage Refinancing and Macroeconomic Uncertainty
Authors: CHEN HUI , MICHAUX MICHAEL , ROUSSANOV NIKOLAI 
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTMortgage refinancing activity associated with extraction of home equity contains a strongly countercyclical component consistent with household demand for liquidity. We estimate a structural model of liquidity management featuring countercyclical idiosyncratic labor income uncertainty, long‐ and short‐term mortgages, and realistic borrowing constraints. We empirically evaluate its predictions for households' choices of leverage, liquid assets, and mortgage refinancing using microlevel data. Taking the observed historical paths of house prices, aggregate income, and interest rates as given, the model accounts for many salient features in the evolution of balance sheets and consumption in the cross‐section of households over 2001 to 2012.
Evaluation of serum apelin‐13 and apelin‐36 concentrations in preeclamptic pregnancies
Authors: Gürlek Beril , Yılmaz Adnan , Durakoğlugil Murtaza E. , Karakaş Sibel , Kazaz İlknur M. , Önal Özgür , Şatıroğlu Ömer 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimRecent studies suggest that apelin can be a novel potential therapeutic mediator to improve the diagnosis, and treatment of preeclampsia. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum apelin‐13 and apelin‐36 with preeclampsia and to detect their relationship with preeclampsia‐associated perinatal morbidity.MethodsForty‐four women with preeclampsia were included as the study group. Forty‐four healthy pregnant women, at similar gestational week with similar gravidity, formed the control group. The clinical findings, biochemical indicators, maternal and perinatal outcomes, and the serum concentrations of apelin‐36 and apelin‐13 were evaluated. The levels of apelin‐13 and apelin‐36 were determined with commercial kits using a competition‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method.ResultsThe mean gestational age at sampling was 35.77 ± 2.515 weeks in the preeclamptic group, 36.45 ± 2.057 weeks in the control group (P = 0.270). Maternal serum apelin‐36 and apelin‐13 concentrations were significantly lower in patients with preeclampsia compared to the individuals in the control group (P = 0.030 and P = 0.005, respectively). The optimal cut‐off points of apelin‐36 and apelin‐13 measurements for discriminating between preeclampsia and controls were evaluated by the receiver–operator curve analysis. The results showed that apelin‐13 and apelin‐36 are moderately successful markers to differentiate subjects with preeclampsia from healthy pregnant women. The concentrations of apelin‐13 and apelin‐36 in both groups were not statistically different in cases with and without adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes.ConclusionIn conclusion, we investigated serum apelin‐13 and apelin‐36 concentrations in preeclamptic patients and demonstrated markedly lower maternal concentrations compared to healthy pregnant women.
Thermo‐coagulation versus cryotherapy for treatment of cervical precancers: A prospective analytical study in a low‐resource African setting
Authors: Chigbu Chibuike O. , Onwudiwe Elijah N. , Onyebuchi Azubuike K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the outcomes of cryotherapy and thermo‐coagulation in the treatment of cervical precancers.MethodProspective analytical study. Women who screened positive to visual inspection with acetic acid and confirmed by colposcopy using the Swede's score were randomized to receive either cryotherapy or thermo‐coagulation. Participants were re‐evaluated 6 months later.ResultsA total of 11 124 women were screened. Only 1023 of the 1294 colposcopically confirmed positive cases were eligible for ablative therapy. Five hundred and twelve women received cryotherapy while 511 women received thermo‐coagulation. Cryotherapy had similar cure rate with thermo‐coagulation (85.5 vs 89.2%, P = 0.09). The mean patient satisfaction score for thermo‐coagulation was higher than that for cryotherapy (3.9 ± 1.3 vs 2.8 ± 1.7; P < 0.0001). The mean duration of treatment per patient was higher for cryotherapy than thermo‐coagulation (660.0 ± 0.0 vs 50.9 ± 15.3 s, P < 0.0001). The mean cost of treatment per patient was significantly higher for cryotherapy than for thermo‐coagulation (2613.1 ± 254.9 vs 533.2 ± 45.2 Nigerian Naira, P < 0.0001). Higher proportion of women who had thermo‐coagulation reported no side effect (55.2 vs 12.5%, P < 0.0001).ConclusionCryotherapy and thermo‐coagulation have similar efficacy in the treatment of cervical precancers. Thermo‐coagulation offers lower cost and lower duration of treatment, less side effects and higher patient satisfaction than cryotherapy. Thermo‐coagulation should be the recommended ablative treatment method for low‐resource settings of the world.
Assessment of fetal cardiac function with echocardiography
Authors: Nakata Masahiko , Sakuma Junya , Takano Mayumi , Nagasaki Sumito 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe circulatory physiology of fetuses differs from that of neonates. The concept of biventricular combined cardiac output is necessary to understand and assess the fetal cardiac function. Fetal cardiac function has been estimated using echocardiographic methods such as M‐mode, B‐mode and pulsed wave Doppler. In addition, recent studies have reported the utility of tissue Doppler imaging in fetal echocardiography. However, parameters for fetal cardiac function remain to be established. Recently, we developed two novel techniques for assessing fetal cardiac function: an automatic fractional shortening method and E/e′ determination using the dual‐gate Doppler method. These two techniques are expected to be reliable and useful for assessing the fetal status in various pathological conditions.
Resveratrol analogues present effective antileishmanial activity against promastigotes and amastigotes from distinct Leishmania species by multitarget action in the parasites
Authors: Antinarelli Luciana Maria Ribeiro , Meinel Raissa Soares , Coelho Eduardo Antonio Ferraz , da Silva Adilson David , Coimbra Elaine Soares 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Objectives
The in vitro antileishmanial effect of analogues of resveratrol (AR) present in the N-aryl imines and N-aryl hydrazones series was investigated. In addition, possible parasite targets were evaluated.

Methods
Antipromastigote activity of Leishmania amazonensis, L. braziliensis and L. infantum, as well as the cytotoxicity on macrophages was determined by MTT assay and L. braziliensis-infected macrophages effect by Giemsa stain. After staining, effects on the parasite targets were analysed by flow cytometry or by fluorescence microscopy.

Key-findings
Among the tested compounds, the derivative AR26 showed the best effect against promastigotes of all Leishmania species (IC50 &lt; 3.0 µg/ml), being more active than miltefosine, the control drug. AR26 was also effective against amastigotes of L. braziliensis (IC50 = 15.9 µg/ml), with low toxicity to mammalian cells. The evaluation of mechanism of action of AR26 on L. braziliensis promastigotes indicates mitochondrial potential depolarization, plasma membrane permeabilization, interference in the progression of the cell cycle and accumulation of autophagic vacuoles. In addition, any increase of the reactive oxygen species levels was detected in the treated L. braziliensis-macrophages.

Conclusions
Data indicate that the antileishmanial activity of AR26 is related to multitarget action, and the resveratrol analogues could be used in future studies as antileishmanial agent.
Hepatitis C virus eradication with direct‐acting antiviral improves insulin resistance
Authors: Russo Francesco Paolo , Zanetto Alberto , Gambato Martina , Bortoluzzi Ilaria , Al Zoairy Ramona , Franceschet Enrica , De Marchi Federica , Marzi Luca , Lynch Erica Nicola , Floreani Annarosa , Farinati Fabio , Schaefer Benedikt , Burra Patrizia , Zoller Heinz , Mega Andrea 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSustained virological response (SVR) after interferon‐based therapy is associated with improvement of insulin resistance (IR) in HCV‐infected patients. Few data are available in the direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) era, especially in cirrhotic patients. We prospectively evaluated the long‐term effect of DAAs on IR. Patients treated with DAAs between May 2015 and December 2016 in 3 tertiary care centres were recruited. Patients with diabetes were excluded. Biochemical and virological data were collected at baseline, 12/24/48 weeks (W) after the end of therapy (EOT). Presence of IR was defined by a ‘homeostasis model assessment index for IR’ [HOMA‐IR])> 2.5. Liver fibroscan was performed at baseline, at 24/48W after EOT. Hundred and thirty‐eight patients were enrolled (mean age 58 years, M/F 85/53, GT1 61%, 68.8% cirrhotic). Sixty‐eight patients (94/138) had IR. Patients with IR had significantly higher stiffness than patients without it (23 ± 12 vs 15 ± 8; P < .0001). SVR12 was achieved in 135 (98%) patients, and 124 (90%) patients reached the 48W post‐EOT. At this time point, the percentage of patients with IR significantly decreased to 49% (P = 0,01). HOMA‐IR was significantly lower than baseline (1.8 vs 3; P < .001), and this was related to a significant reduction of insulin level (11.7 ± 6.3 vs 16.4 ± 8.3). High BMI was associated with a significantly lower probability of achieving a non‐IR status at 24W (P = .05) and 48W (P = .03).In conclusion, SVR following DAAs led to a significant reduction of IR, even in patients with cirrhosis. Nevertheless, IR can persist after the achievement of SVR, especially in patients with high BMI.
Phytosociological data and herbarium collections show congruent large‐scale patterns but differ in their local descriptions of community composition
Authors: Bottin Marius , Peyre Gwendolyn , Vargas Carlos , Raz Lauren , Richardson James E. , Sanchez Adriana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractQuestionAs a result of recent and substantial digitization efforts, herbaria are becoming important sources of data for vegetation scientists. Are such data sets appropriate to describe composition gradients and β‐diversity? When compared with phytosociological data, what are the differences in terms of composition (co‐occurrence) gradients depending on the considered scale?LocationPáramos (Neo‐tropical alpine ecosystems) of Colombia.MethodsWe compared vegetation patterns from phytosociological relevés and reconstructed pseudo‐communities from herbarium collections in the Colombian high elevation páramo ecosystem using diversity partitioning and Mantel correlations.ResultsSpecies composition differed in the two data sets, which could be explained by taxonomic bias towards charismatic species and overrepresentation of rare species in the herbarium data set, whereas common species were more frequently represented in the phytosociological data set. The two data sets showed a similarly preponderant importance of large‐scale differences when we looked at species accumulation across different scales. Small‐scale richness contributed more to total richness for the phytosociological data set, while richness at intermediate scales was more important in the herbarium data set. Finally, pairwise β‐diversity analyses did not show correlations between data sets, and common species showed similar ecological distribution patterns.ConclusionsWe recommend caution to researchers who wish to describe β‐diversity patterns in local communities using only herbarium data. However, since the two data sets showed some complementarity in their composition patterns, we suggest that combining data from relevés (or plots) and occurrence data (herbarium records, citizen science, etc.) could be an efficient strategy for describing broader diversity patterns. We discuss the circumstances under which it could be advantageous to work with such combined data sets, in particular in relation to conservation issues.
A review of reported seaweed diseases and pests in aquaculture in Asia
Authors: Ward Georgia M. , Faisan Joseph P. , Cottier‐Cook Elizabeth J. , Gachon Claire , Hurtado Anicia Q. , Lim Phaik E. , Matoju Ivy , Msuya Flower E. , Bass David , Brodie Juliet 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSeaweeds have been used as a food for centuries in Asia and are increasingly exploited as a source for dietary supplements, animal feed, chemicals, and biofuels. In recent years, there has been an increase in the prevalence of diseases and pests in these aquaculture crops, with a subsequent reduction in their quantity and commercial value. In this article, we review diseases that have been reported in the scientific literature for species of red and brown seaweeds. We have focused on the major seaweed crops grown in Asia, where much of this production is centered. We also provide information on disease management and biosecurity and some observations on future directions.
Primary pollinator exclusion has divergent consequences for pollen dispersal and mating in different populations of a bird‐pollinated tree
Authors: Bezemer Nicole , Hopper Stephen D. , Krauss Siegy L. , Phillips Ryan D. , Roberts David G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPollination by nectarivorous birds is predicted to result in different patterns of pollen dispersal and plant mating compared to pollination by insects. We tested the prediction that paternal genetic diversity, outcrossing rate and realized pollen dispersal will be reduced when the primary pollinator group is excluded from bird‐pollinated plants. Pollinator exclusion experiments in conjunction with paternity analysis of progeny were applied to Eucalyptus caesia Benth. (Myrtaceae), a predominantly honeyeater‐pollinated tree that is visited by native insects and the introduced Apis mellifera (Apidae). Microsatellite genotyping at 14 loci of all adult E. caesia at two populations (n = 580 and 315), followed by paternity analysis of 705 progeny, revealed contrasting results between populations. Honeyeater exclusion did not significantly impact pollen dispersal or plant mating at Mount Caroline. In contrast, at the Chiddarcooping site, the exclusion of honeyeaters led to lower outcrossing rates, a threefold reduction in the average number of sires per fruit, a decrease in intermediate‐distance mating and an increase in near‐neighbour mating. The results from Chiddarcooping suggest that bird pollination may increase paternal genetic diversity, potentially leading to higher fitness of progeny and favouring the evolution of this strategy. However, further experimentation involving additional trees and study sites is required to test this hypothesis. Alternatively, insects may be effective pollinators in some populations of bird‐adapted plants, but ineffective in others.
International Migration: Trends, Determinants, and Policy Effects
Authors: de Haas Hein , Czaika Mathias , Flahaux Marie‐Laurence , Mahendra Edo , Natter Katharina , Vezzoli Simona , Villares‐Varela María 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper synthesizes insights from new global data on the effectiveness of migration policies. It investigates the complex links between migration policies and migration trends to disentangle policy effects from structural migration determinants. The analysis challenges two central assumptions underpinning the popular idea that migration restrictions have failed to curb migration. First, post‐WWII global migration levels have not accelerated, but remained relatively stable while most shifts in migration patterns have been directional. Second, post‐WWII migration policies have generally liberalized despite political rhetoric suggesting the contrary. While migration policies are generally effective, “substitution effects” can limit their effectiveness, or even make them counterproductive, by geographically diverting migration, interrupting circulation, encouraging unauthorized migration, or prompting “now or never” migration surges. These effects expose fundamental policy dilemmas and highlight the importance of understanding the economic, social, and political trends that shape migration in sometimes counterintuitive, but powerful, ways that largely lie beyond the reach of migration policies.
High porosity with tiny pore constrictions and unbending pathways characterize the 3D structure of intervessel pit membranes in angiosperm xylem
Authors: Zhang Ya , Carmesin Cora , Kaack Lucian , Klepsch Matthias M. , Kotowska Martyna , Matei Tabea , Schenk H. Jochen , Weber Matthias , Walther Paul , Schmidt Volker , Jansen Steven 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPit membranes between xylem vessels play a major role in angiosperm water transport. Yet, their three‐dimensional (3D) structure as fibrous porous media remains unknown, largely due to technical challenges and sample preparation artefacts. Here, we applied a modelling approach based on thickness measurements of fresh and fully shrunken pit membranes of seven species. Pore constrictions were also investigated visually by perfusing fresh material with colloidal gold particles of known sizes. Based on a shrinkage model, fresh pit membranes showed tiny pore constrictions of ca. 20 nm, but a very high porosity (i.e. pore volume fraction) of on average 0.81. Perfusion experiments showed similar pore constrictions in fresh samples, well below 50 nm based on transmission electron microscopy. Drying caused a 50% shrinkage of pit membranes, resulting in much smaller pore constrictions. These findings suggest that pit membranes represent a mesoporous medium, with the pore space characterized by multiple constrictions. Constrictions are much smaller than previously assumed, but the pore volume is large and highly interconnected. Pores do not form highly tortuous, bent, or zigzagging pathways. These insights provide a novel view on pit membranes, which is essential to develop a mechanistic, 3D understanding of air‐seeding through this porous medium.
Crude garlic extract significantly inhibits replication of grapevine viruses
Authors: Wang X. Y. , Zhang C. W. , Huang W. T. , Yue J. , Dou J. J. , Wang L. Y. , Wang Q. , Cheng Y. Q. 
Published: October 2019

Efforts to control viral diseases of grapevine include the production of certified material and development of virus‐resistant transgenic grapevines. However, effective antiviral agents, once the viruses have infected the plants, are still lacking. This study shows that a crude garlic extract has significant antiviral activity against grapevine viruses. Replication of grapevine leafroll‐associated virus 2 (GLRaV‐2) was obviously inhibited in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon calli treated with diluted (1:100) garlic extract. The relative RNA levels of GLRaV‐2 and grapevine fleck virus (GFkV) in cv. Summer Black grapevine in in vitro‐grown plantlets 10 days after treatment with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 22% and 20%, respectively, of that in controls. The viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV‐2, GFkV, grapevine virus A (GVA), grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) and grapevine rupestris stem pitting‐associated virus (GRSPaV) in field‐grown grapevine cv. Centennial Seedless plants sprayed with diluted (1:100) garlic extract were about 31–40%, 26–38%, 18–31%, 17–42% and 15–18%, respectively, of that in controls. Moreover, the garlic extract treatment led to a significant decrease in viral RNA accumulation of GLRaV‐3, GLRaV‐2, GVA, GFkV, GFLV, GRSPaV and grapevine Pinot Gris virus in pot‐grown grapevine cv. Shine Muscat plants, and viral disease symptoms in these plants were obviously attenuated. In addition, this extract significantly induced expression of pathogenesis‐related protein genes and stimulated activity of antioxidant enzymes in grapevines. Taken together, these results indicate that the crude garlic extract acts as a significant inhibitor against a broad range of grapevine viruses.
Noisy information, risk sharing, and international business cycles
Authors: Guo Zi‐Yi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe introduce a noisy information structure into an otherwise standard international real business cycle model with two countries. When domestic firms observe current foreign technology with some noise, predictions of the model on international correlation can be very different from those of a standard perfect information model. We show that the model can explain: (a) positive output correlation both in complete and incomplete market models, (b) consumption correlation smaller than output correlation with an introduction of information‐constrained consumers, and (c) observation of both positive and negative productivity–hours correlation in two countries.