bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ATG5 cancer mutations and alternative mRNA splicing reveal a conjugation switch that regulates ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex assembly and autophagy
Authors: Wible Daric J. , Chao Hsueh-Ping , Tang Dean G. , Bratton Shawn B. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAutophagy is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis during times of stress, and is thought to play important roles in both tumorigenesis and tumor cell survival. Formation of autophagosomes, which mediate delivery of cytoplasmic cargo to lysosomes, requires multiple autophagy-related (ATG) protein complexes, including the ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex. Herein, we report that a molecular ATG5 “conjugation switch”, comprised of competing ATG12 and ubiquitin conjugation reactions, integrates ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex assembly with protein quality control of its otherwise highly unstable subunits. This conjugation switch is tightly regulated by ATG16L1, which binds to free ATG5 and mutually protects both proteins from ubiquitin conjugation and proteasomal degradation, thereby instead promoting the irreversible conjugation of ATG12 to ATG5. The resulting ATG12–ATG5 conjugate, in turn, displays enhanced affinity for ATG16L1 and thus fully stabilizes the ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex. Most importantly, we find in multiple tumor types that ATG5 somatic mutations and alternative mRNA splicing specifically disrupt the ATG16L1-binding pocket in ATG5 and impair the essential ATG5-ATG16L1 interactions that are initially required for ATG12–ATG5 conjugation. Finally, we provide evidence that ATG16L2, which is overexpressed in several cancers relative to ATG16L1, hijacks the conjugation switch by competing with ATG16L1 for binding to ATG5. While ATG16L2 stabilizes ATG5 and enables ATG12–ATG5 conjugation, this endogenous dominant-negative inhibitor simultaneously displaces ATG16L1, resulting in its proteasomal degradation and a block in autophagy. Thus, collectively, our findings provide novel insights into ATG12–ATG5-ATG16L1 complex assembly and reveal multiple mechanisms wherein dysregulation of the ATG5 conjugation switch inhibits autophagy.
A property-oriented design strategy for high performance copper alloys via machine learning
Authors: Wang Changsheng , Fu Huadong , Jiang Lei , Xue Dezhen , Xie Jianxin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTraditional strategies for designing new materials with targeted property including methods such as trial and error, and experiences of domain experts, are time and cost consuming. In the present study, we propose a machine learning design system involving three features of machine learning modeling, compositional design and property prediction, which can accelerate the discovery of new materials. We demonstrate better efficiency of on a rapid compositional design of high-performance copper alloys with a targeted ultimate tensile strength of 600–950 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 50.0% international annealed copper standard. There exists a good consistency between the predicted and measured values for three alloys from literatures and two newly made alloys with designed compositions. Our results provide a new recipe to realize the property-oriented compositional design for high-performance complex alloys via machine learning.
Real-world menstrual cycle characteristics of more than 600,000 menstrual cycles
Authors: Bull Jonathan R. , Rowland Simon P. , Scherwitzl Elina Berglund , Scherwitzl Raoul , Danielsson Kristina Gemzell , Harper Joyce 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe use of apps that record detailed menstrual cycle data presents a new opportunity to study the menstrual cycle. The aim of this study is to describe menstrual cycle characteristics observed from a large database of cycles collected through an app and investigate associations of menstrual cycle characteristics with cycle length, age and body mass index (BMI). Menstrual cycle parameters, including menstruation, basal body temperature (BBT) and luteinising hormone (LH) tests as well as age and BMI were collected anonymously from real-world users of the Natural Cycles app. We analysed 612,613 ovulatory cycles with a mean length of 29.3 days from 124,648 users. The mean follicular phase length was 16.9 days (95% CI: 10–30) and mean luteal phase length was 12.4 days (95% CI: 7–17). Mean cycle length decreased by 0.18 days (95% CI: 0.17–0.18, R2 = 0.99) and mean follicular phase length decreased by 0.19 days (95% CI: 0.19–0.20, R2 = 0.99) per year of age from 25 to 45 years. Mean variation of cycle length per woman was 0.4 days or 14% higher in women with a BMI of over 35 relative to women with a BMI of 18.5–25. This analysis details variations in menstrual cycle characteristics that are not widely known yet have significant implications for health and well-being. Clinically, women who wish to plan a pregnancy need to have intercourse on their fertile days. In order to identify the fertile period it is important to track physiological parameters such as basal body temperature and not just cycle length.
Electromagnetic field growth triggering super-ponderomotive electron acceleration during multi-picosecond laser-plasma interaction
Authors: Kojima Sadaoki , Hata Masayasu , Iwata Natsumi , Arikawa Yasunobu , Morace Alessio , Sakata Shohei , Lee Seungho , Matsuo Kazuki , Law King Fai Farley , Morita Hiroki , Ochiai Yugo , Yogo Akifumi , Nagatomo Hideo , Ozaki Tetsuo , Johzaki Tomoyuki , Sunahara Atsushi , Sakagami Hitoshi , Zhang Zhe , Tosaki Shota , Abe Yuki , Kawanaka Junji , Tokita Shigeki , Nakai Mitsuo , Nishimura Hiroaki , Shiraga Hiroyuki , Azechi Hiroshi , Sentoku Yasuhiko , Fujioka Shinsuke 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe dependence of the mean kinetic energy of laser-accelerated relativistic electrons (REs) on the laser intensity, so-called ponderomotive scaling, explains well the experimental results to date; however, this scaling is no longer applicable to multi-picosecond (multi-ps) laser experiments. Here, the production of REs was experimentally investigated via multi-ps relativistic laser–plasma-interaction (LPI). The lower slope temperature shows little dependence on the pulse duration and is close to the ponderomotive scaling value, while the higher slope temperature appears to be affected by the pulse duration. The higher slope temperature is far beyond the ponderomotive scaling value, which indicates super-ponderomotive REs (SP-REs). Simulation and experimental evidence are provided to indicate that the SP-REs are produced by LPI in an under-critical plasma, where a large quasi-static electromagnetic field grows rapidly after a threshold timing during multi-ps LPI.
Calibration of the angular momenta of the minor planets in the solar system
Authors: Li Jian , Xia Zhihong Jeff , Zhou Liyong 
Published: August 2019

Aims.We aim to determine the relative angle between the total angular momentum of the minor planets and that of the Sun-planets system, and to improve the orientation of the invariable plane of the solar system.Methods.By utilizing physical parameters available in public domain archives, we assigned reasonable masses to 718 041 minor planets throughout the solar system, including near-Earth objects, main belt asteroids, Jupiter trojans, trans-Neptunian objects, scattered-disk objects, and centaurs. Then we combined the orbital data to calibrate the angular momenta of these small bodies, and evaluated the specific contribution of the massive dwarf planets. The effects of uncertainties on the mass determination and the observational incompleteness were also estimated.Results.We determine the total angular momentum of the known minor planets to be 1.7817 × 1046g cm2s−1. The relative angleαbetween this vector and the total angular momentum of the Sun-planets system is calculated to be about 14.74°. By excluding the dwarf planets Eris, Pluto, and Haumea, which have peculiar angular momentum directions, the angleαdrops sharply to 1.76°; a similar result applies to each individual minor planet group (e.g., trans-Neptunian objects). This suggests that, without these three most massive bodies, the plane perpendicular to the total angular momentum of the minor planets would be close to the invariable plane of the solar system. On the other hand, the inclusion of Eris, Haumea, and Makemake can produce a difference of 1254 mas in the inclination of the invariable plane, which is much larger than the difference of 9 mas induced by Ceres, Vesta, and Pallas as found previously. By taking into account the angular momentum contributions from all minor planets, including the unseen ones, the orientation improvement of the invariable plane is larger than 1000 mas in inclination with a 1σerror of ∼50−140 mas.
Rest-frame far-ultraviolet to far-infrared view of Lyman break galaxies at z = 3: Templates and dust attenuation
Authors: Álvarez-Márquez J. , Burgarella D. , Buat V. , Ilbert O. , Pérez-González P. G. 
Published: August 2019

Aims. This work explores, from a statistical point of view, the rest-frame far-ultraviolet (FUV) to far-infrared (FIR) emission of a population of Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) at z ∼ 3 that cannot be individually detected from current FIR observations.
Methods. We performed a stacking analysis over a sample of ∼17 000 LBGs at redshift 2.5 <  z <  3.5 in the COSMOS field. The sample is binned as a function of UV luminosity (LFUV), UV continuum slope (βUV), and stellar mass (M*), and then stacked at optical (BVriz bands), near-infrared (YJHKs bands), IRAC (3.6, 4.5, 5.6, and 8.0 μm), MIPS (24 μm), PACS (100 and 160 μm), SPIRE (250, 350, and 500 μm), and AzTEC (1.1 mm) observations. We obtained 30 rest-frame FUV-to-FIR spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of LBGs at z ∼ 3, and analyzed these with the CIGALE SED-fitting analysis code. We were able to derive fully consistent physical parameters, that is, M*, βUV, LFUV, LIR, AFUV, star formation rate, and the slope of the dust attenuation law; we built a semiempirical library of 30 rest-frame FUV-to-FIR stacked LBG SEDs as functions of LFUV, βUV, and M*.
Results. We used the so-called IR-excess (IRX ≡ LIR/LFUV) to investigate the dust attenuation as a function of βUV and M*. Our LBGs, averaged as a function of βUV, follow the well-known IRX–βUV calibration of local starburst galaxies. Stacks as a function of M* follow the IRX–M* relationship presented in the literature at high M* (log(M* [M⊙]) >  10). However, a large dispersion is shown in the IRX–βUV and IRX–M* planes, in which the βUV and M* are combined to average the sample. Additionally, the SED-fitting analysis results provide a diversity of dust attenuation curve along the LBG sample, and their slopes are well correlated with M*. Steeper dust attenuation curves than Calzetti’s are favored in low stellar mass LBGs (log(M* [M⊙]) <  10.25), while grayer dust attenuation curves are favored in high stellar mass LBGs (log(M* [M⊙]) >  10.25). We also demonstrate that the slope of the dust attenuation curves is one of the main drivers that shapes the IRX–βUV plane.
The prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder among emergency nurses: a cross sectional study in northern Iran
Authors: Hosseininejad Seyed Mohammad , Jahanian Fatemeh , Elyasi Forouzan , Mokhtari Hossein , Koulaei Mohammad Eslami , Pashaei Seyedeh Masoumeh 
Published: August 2019

Background and objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the anxiety disorders which occurs in response to facing events and accidents accompanied by fear, frustration, and terror. Nurses who worked in the emergency departments witness unpleasant accidents and are exposed to stress and violence more than others. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of PTSD among Iranian nurses working in the emergency department.Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all nurses working in the emergency department of educational hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences were included through census method (n = 131). Each of the participants in this study responded to the questionnaires individually. The first part of the questionnaire captured demographics, while the second part was the Civilian Mississippi Scale for PTSD, which was used to investigate the extent of PTSD in this study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: In this study, 131 respondents were included. In the classification of age, nurses with 20-30-year- old had the maximum frequency (41.2 %,). Most nurses in the study (93.1%, n = 122) had a bachelor’s degree in nursing and 84 were married. The prevalence of PTSD in emergency nurses was 82.96%, which was higher in nurses with shorter working background and nurses with lower levels of education. Further, the average score of PTSD was higher in married nurses.Conclusion: The results of this study revealed the high prevalence of PTSD among nurses who worked in emergency department. Therefore, it seems that designing and providing supportive and educational services to emergency nurses can be effective for preventing and managing this disorder, which probably can improve their performance.
Vorsorgeuntersuchungen und Check-ups in der Gastroenterologie
Authors: Fischbach Wolfgang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDiseases of the digestive tract are frequent and many gastroenterological tumors are characterized by a bad prognosis. Lifestyle changes such as normalization of body weight, physical activity, stop smoking or balanced diets can effectively prevent many gastroenterological tumors. Vaccination against hepatitis A and B, as well as eradication of Helicobacter pylori, are highly effective in avoiding liver infection and reducing the risk for gastric cancer respectively. Colorectal cancer screening using immunological stool tests (iFOBT) and colonoscopy has been proven to be the most efficacious tool in tumour screening at all. As compared to established screening tests, check-ups and their benefit are less well defined. In general, they yield to detect health risks, partially overlapping with the goals of prevention and screening. Gastroenterological check-ups include abdominal ultrasound and esophagogastroduodenoscopy offering a wide range of detecting diseases at potential risks like reflux esophagitis and their complications or aortal aneurysma.
Senkt Fußballspielen den Blutdruck?
Authors: Schrader Joachim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPlaying football leads to a sustainable improvement of cardiovascular risk factors, especially to a reduction of blood pressure in hypertension. For certain target groups football is more attractive with its team character than individual sports. However, the existing studies are not sufficient for an evidence-based recommendation. Therefore, no medical society explicitly recommends football for lowering blood pressure. Urgent studies are needed to adequately evaluate the value of football as a health sport. This includes a special training program and rules, the involvement of football clubs in these programs, the training of appropriate coaches and the involvement of interested physicians. Football could, with its popularity, motivate more people to exercise and contribute to a sustained reduction in cardiovascular disease.
Zwangssterilisationen in Thüringen und Württemberg 1933–1945
Authors: Kinas Sven 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungBei der Durchführung des Gesetzes zur Verhütung erbkranken Nachwuchses vom 14 Juli 1933 (GzVeN) kam den an den Staatlichen Gesundheitsämtern tätigen Amtsärzten eine Schlüsselfunktion zu. Sie verfassten einen Großteil der Sterilisationsanzeigen, stellten die überwiegende Mehrheit der Sterilisationsanträge und wirkten als Gutachter oder Richter an den Entscheidungen der Erbgesundheitsgerichte mit. Der Beitrag präsentiert genaue Zahlen zu den Folgen der Sterilisationspolitik in Thüringen und Württemberg und benennt die Ursachen für die erheblichen Unterschiede, die bei der Durchführung des GzVeN in diesen Ländern auszumachen sind.
Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors for Periodic Limb Movements in a Large Cohort of Insomnia and Chronic Fatigue Patients
Authors: Tobback Els , Desmet Olivier , Hanoulle Ignace , Delesie Liesbeth , Pevernagie Dirk , Vogelaers Dirk , Mariman An 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction Although the pathophysiology of periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) is not well understood, there is increasing belief that management of PLMS can modulate humans’ general health. The aim of this study is to investigate the associations between risk factors including the use of antidepressants, hypnotics, and antihistamines as well as of caffeine, alcohol, and nicotine and the occurrence of PLMS and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD).
Methods Patients with either chronic fatigue or insomnia who underwent polysomnography as standardized clinical assessment were included in a retrospective study. Associations were calculated between substance use and sleep variables.
Results Tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) are significantly associated with higher rates of PLMS. Additionally, SNRI is significantly positive associated with PLMD, as also seen for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). The most frequently used SSRI escitalopram was significantly positively associated with PLMS and PLMD. A significantly negative association was found between paroxetine and PLMS. Benzodiazepines are negatively associated with PLMS and PLMD. Sedative antidepressants, antihistamines, and substance use are not associated with PLMS nor PLMD in this study.
Discussion This retrospective study adds supportive evidence to the association of drug classes with PLMS and PLMD. These findings may impact on clinical management of patients with a combined anxiety or mood disorder in need for these drug classes on the one hand and a significant sleep architecture disturbance through PLMS, potentially contributing to daytime symptoms, on the other hand.
Evaluation of Fluoroscopic-Guided Closed Reduction versus Open Reduction of Sacroiliac Fracture-Luxations Stabilized with a Lag Screw
Authors: Rollins Amanda , Balfour Raviv , Szabo David , Chesvick Christina M. 
Published: August 2019

Objective The aim of this study was to compare radiographic outcomes of open reduction versus fluoroscopic-guided closed reduction (FGCR) of sacroiliac fracture-luxations stabilized with a lag screw, as well as peri- and postoperative complications.
Study Design Medical records (2010–2015) and radiographs of dogs and cats diagnosed with sacroiliac fracture-luxation that underwent open reduction without fluoroscopic guidance (n = 24) or FGCR (n = 17) were retrospectively reviewed to assess sacroiliac fracture-luxation reduction and lag screw placement, and lag screw loosening on follow-up radiographs (range, 1–8 weeks postoperatively) when available. Peri- and postoperative complications were also recorded.
Results Optimal screw depth to sacral body width ratio (>60%) was achieved in a significantly higher proportion of FGCR cases than openly reduced fracture-luxations. A significantly lower rate of lag screw loosening was found for FGCR cases. Few peri- and postoperative complications were noted across both groups. Four out of 17 FGCR cases requiring conversion to an open approach were excluded from data analysis; they had a longer duration from trauma to surgical repair than the median duration from trauma to surgical repair for cases successfully reduced in closed fashion.
Conclusion Fluoroscopic-guided closed reduction of sacroiliac fracture-luxations leads to consistently more optimal screw placement, as well as a lower incidence of lag screw loosening on follow-up radiographs. However, for cases with a longer duration from trauma to surgical repair, one should be prepared to convert to an open approach if a closed approach is not amenable to adequate reduction and lag screw placement.
Pediatric Pancreaticobiliary Intervention
Authors: Giefer Matthew J. , Shivaram Giridhar M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAdvances in pediatric interventional radiologic and endoscopic techniques have increasingly allowed for a multidisciplinary approach toward diagnosis and management of pediatric pancreaticobiliary diseases. In the following sections, we describe clinical approaches to nontransplant pediatric pancreaticobiliary disease, established and novel pancreaticobiliary interventions, and logistical considerations of collaboration between pediatric interventional radiology and gastroenterology services.
Pituitary Apoplexy Causing Compression of Third Cranial Nerve—Management
Authors: Masopust Václav 
Published: August 2019

AbstractLesions of the oculomotor nerve as the first sign of pituitary adenoma are rare. The cause of such lesions without other clinical symptoms is discussed in this study. A small cohort of 4 patients (3.1%) with oculomotor nerve palsy (third nerve palsy) as the only neurologic deficit, from 129 patients who got operated upon for pituitary adenomas, is presented. In this group (mean age: 55 years, range: 36–65 years), all patients (two women and two men) underwent surgery. In two cases, there was arrested pneumatization and thickened bone. In the remaining two cases, a macroscopically visible, very solid opaque diaphragm was present, after the removal of the tumor and thickened bone. Complete adjustment was observed in all patients within 1 week after the surgery. Two factors that seem to increase the high risk for the development of oculomotor nerve palsy are that the cavernous sinus may be the only weak structure surrounding the sella turcica when the diaphragm and bone are thickened; and the rapid development of increased pressure in this region. The increased pressure on the cavernous sinus during the anatomical variations is the primary cause for lesions on the oculomotor nerve. However, this conjecture cannot be statistically demonstrated because of the small number of cases. Future research should be conducted on larger samples to increase statistical inference and generalizability.
Magnetic-field-induced ferroelectric domain dynamics and in-plane polarization in odd and mixed layered Aurivillius structures
Authors: Faraz Ahmad , Arif Suneela 
Published: August 2019

Herein, we conclusively discovered the role of “2D” odd/mixed, layered Aurivillius structures in generating coupled order parameters by directly visualizing magnetic-field-induced ferroelectric switching. We developed a novel sequence liquid injection-chemical vapor deposition process to fabricate atomistically controlled layer-by-layer genuine multiferroic Bi6Ti2.9Fe1.5Mn0.6O18 and Bi6Ti2.7Fe1.5Mn0.8O18 thin films. Ferromagnetic signature (MS = 13.79 emu/cc, HC = 9 mT at 300 K, and MR = 8 emu/cc) was generated for Bi6Ti2.9Fe1.5Mn0.6O18 thin films; however, no response was observed for mixed m = 5/6 intergrowths in Bi6Ti2.7Fe1.5Mn0.8O18 films. In-plane PR with magnetic (Fe/Ti)/conducting (Au/Ti) for Bi6Ti2.9Fe1.5Mn0.6O18 thin films is less (±23.66–24.69 μC/cm2) than the mixed m = 5/6 Bi6Ti2.7Fe1.5Mn0.8O18 layer structure (±57.42–67.94 μC/cm2). High leakage current for Fe/Ti interdigital capacitors (IDCs) compared to Au/Ti IDCs samples confirms Au/Ti IDCs’ suitability for ferroelectric industry. High ferro-paraelectric transition (Tc = 850 K), excellent in-plane polarization with negligible fatigue (9% after 1010 switching cycles), and coupled magnetoelectric (ME) (10% in-plane and 13% out-of-plane) orders provide an important contribution in a high-temperature fatigue free nonvolatile in-plane FeRAM, 4-state logics, and ME sensors.
This article is being retracted effective 16 November 2020.