bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1PNPLA3 and Neutophil Lymphocyte Ratio as a Genetic and Inflammatory Predictors of Histopathological Severity by Liver Biopsy in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Fouda Enas Mahmoud , Saleh Shereen Abu Bakr , Eskandaros Moheb Shoraby , Rahman Ghada Abdel , El Khazragy Nashwa Nagy , Bakr Abu Bakr Heba Mohamed Abu 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver condition characterized by fat accumulation in the liver, which can lead to inflammation and scarring, resulting in irreversible liver damage. NAFLD is often associated with other metabolic comorbidities and is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. In addition to liver-related morbidity and mortality, NAFLD is also associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Aim of the Work
The aim of the study is to determine the relation between genetic and inflammatory markers in one side to the degree of histopathological changes by liver biopsy in patients with NAFLD on the other side.

Patients and Methods
This study was conducted on 20 patients who were candidate for bariatric surgery with fatty liver in abdominal ultrasonography and from donors for liver transplantation from internal medicine and surgical department in Ain Shams University hospitals and 10 healthy persons who were donors for liver transplantation as control group.

Results
The study found that neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were significantly different between NAFLD patients and the control group. Additionally, the distribution of the PNPLA3 gene variant (rs738409 C/G) was significantly different between NAFLD patients and the control group, with most NAFLD patients having the homozygous GG variant. The study also found a significant difference between the PNPLA3 gene variant and steatosis percentage in NAFLD patients. However, there was no significant difference between the PNPLA3 gene variant and other clinical markers, including hepatic cell ballooning, fibrosis, glycemic status, liver enzymes, lipid profile, N/L ratio, or MPV.

Conclusion
NAFLD is more common in subjects with Homozygous GG variant of PNPLA3 gene. NAFLD patients with Homozygous GG variant of PNPLA3 gene are more prone to high grade of steatosis. Liver cell ballooning and liver fibrosis have no relation with different variants of PNPLA3 gene. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) and mean platlet volume (MPV) are good inflammatory markers to detect NAFLD.
Assessment of Cystatin C in Adult β Thalassemia Patients as a Marker of Subclinical Cardiovascular Dysfunction
Authors: Moussa Mohamed Mahmoud , Mohamed Haydey Said , Ibrahim Rakha Nahed Maowad , El Moaty Mohamed Inas Abd , Saber Hafez Heba Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Beta-thalassemia syndromes are a group of hereditary blood disorders characterized by reduced or absent beta globin chain synthesis, resulting in reduced Hb in red blood cells (RBC), decreased RBC production and anemia. Cardiovascular complications in patients with beta thalassemia such as cardiomyopathy and arrhythmia are considered the most common cause of death in those patients. Cystatin C is a popular marker of nephropathy in sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia that has been recently used for prediction of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in patients with or without renal affection.

Aim of the Work
This study aimed to assess the role of serum cystatin C in adult patients with beta thalassemia as a predictor of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction.

Patients and Methods
The study was a case control study including 50 beta thalassemia patients and 50 age and sex matched healthy controls. Serum cystatin c was assessed by ELISA in both patients and controls.

Results
our study found highly significant serum cystatin c level in beta thalassemia patients in comparison with the control group with p value &lt; 0.001. there was statistically significant correlation between the level of serum cystatin c and cardiovascular dysfunction in thalassemic patients with p value=0.038.

Conclusion
There was statistically significant correlation between the level of serum cystatin C and cardiovascular dysfunction in thalassemic patients making serum cystatin C an encouraging factor for the prediction of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction in beta thalassemia patients.
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease among Diabetic Patients on Oral Hypoglycemic versus Insulin
Authors: Garady Khaled Abdullah Ali El , Ghaly Sameh Mohamed Fahem , Safwat Eslam Mohamed , Mikhail Guirguis Reginia Nabil 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a group of clinicopathologic diseases defined by lipid buildup in the liver parenchyma in people with no history of heavy alcohol consumption. Steatosis alone appears to be benign within this spectrum, but non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), marked by ballooning degeneration and sinusoidal/pericellular fibrosis, can be progressive.

Aim of the Work
to detect the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among diabetic patients on oral hypoglycemic versus insulin.

Patients and Methods
this cross-sectional study was conducted in Internal medicine Department, Ain Shams hospitals in 6 months from April till October 2022 on Diabetic Patients on Oral Hypoglycemic or Insulin. All patients were divided into two groups: Group A: Diabetic patients on Oral Hypoglycemic drugs. Group B: Diabetic patients on Insulin.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard baseline data (Age, sex, BMI and hypertension). There was statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard fast blood glucose and non-significant difference as regard HBA1C. There was no statistically significant difference between the studied groups as regard CRP.

Conclusion
the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in diabetic patients on hypoglycemic group was less than in patient taking insulin
Arteriovenous Fistula Has Better Cardiac Outcome Than Permanent Catheter in Hemodialysis Patients with Heart Failure
Authors: ElSayed Hesham , Emara Ahmed , Abdelhadi Mai , Abdelmegied Shaimaa 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
End stage renal disease patients with heart failure (HF) are at high-risk to develop clinical worsening after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) construction. This study evaluates effects of AVF versus permanent catheter on cardiac parameters in prevalent hemodialysis patients with heart failure and its relation to short term dialysis outcome.

Methods
A prospective study included 60 hemodialysis patients with HF ejection fraction (EF) 35- 50%. Patients were divided into: 30 patients with distal AVF, 30 patients with permanent hemodialysis catheter. Echocardiography was done for all patients at the beginning of the study and after 6 months with follow up of short term dialysis outcome.

Result
Patients with AVF after 6 months had significant improvement in TSAT, KT/v, URR, with increase in left atrial diameter (LAD) (p &lt; 0.001, &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001,0.013) respectively while no significance in pulmonary hypertension, RAD, LVEDD (p value 1.000, 0.226,0.100) respectively. Patients with permanent catheter after 6 months had deterioration in TAST, serum albumin, URR, kt/v, hemoglobin, EF, LAD, RAD, LVEDD (p value &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001, 0.014, 0.010, 0.012, &lt;0.001, 0.002, 0.001, &lt;0.001) respectively. In comparing both groups: permanent catheter had significant deterioration in {hemoglobin, WBC, ferritin, TAST, albumin, EF} compared to AVF (p value &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001,0.001, &lt;0.001) respectively, while no significance in LAD, RAD, LVEDD, pulmonary hypertension (p value 0.137, 0.435,0.052,0.315) respectively. Patients with Permanent catheter had a risk 10 times to have lower EF than AVF (odds ratio10.000). The EF after 6 months was positively correlated with URR, p value (0.028) and negatively correlated with dialysis duration p value (0.022) in AVF, while in permanent catheter was negatively correlated with-phosphorus, and potassium, p value (0.01, 0.048) respectively.

Conclusion
AVF is the preferred vascular access in heart failure for hemodialysis with better cardiac and dialysis outcome compared to permanent hemodialysis catheter. Adequatedialysis linked to positive effect on EF.
Prevalence of Thyroiditis Following Either COVID-19 Infection or Vaccination in a Group of Egyptian Hashimoto Cases
Authors: Adel Mohammed Menna Allah , Makboul Khaled Mahmoud , Hendawy Laila Mahmoud Ali , Khairy Mansour Hany 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), the most frequent autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs), is the leading cause of hypothyroidism in the iodine-sufficient areas of the world. COVID-19 is a highly transmissible infectious disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus 2 (SARS-CoV- 2), belong to the family of beta-coronaviruses. The disease rapidly spread, leading to COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to evaluate the thyroid function consequences following either (COVID-19) infection or vaccination, in relation to their clinical features, biochemical, immunological, and inflammatory markers.

Patients and Methods
This study was a pilot study, conducted on 80 subjects attending COVID vaccination center and Emergency isolation in Ain Shams university hospital during the period from August to October 2022 14 males, 66 females, age&gt;18 years old and &lt;70 years’ old to evaluate the thyroid function consequences following either (COVID-19) infection or vaccination, in relation to their clinical features, biochemical, immunological, and inflammatory markers.

Results
Our study showed significant increase in the level of TSH and decrease in the level of free T3, Free T4 in Hashimoto’s patients who exposed to COVID19 infection. Also it showed significant increase in the level of free T3, Free T4 and decrease level of TSH in normal subjects after exposure to COVID19 infection. Additionally, our study showed increase level of free T3, Free T4 in normal subjects after being exposed to COVID19 vaccine (AstraZeneca) in contrast to TSH being decreased in them. Furthermore, we found significant increase in the level of free T3, Free T4 in Hashimoto’s subjects after their exposure to AstraZeneca vaccine, with non significant difference regarding –anti- TPO, Antithyroglobulin.

Conclusion
COVID19 infection and vaccination against COVID might be followed by an attack of thyroiditis (disturbed thyroid function test) in Hashimoto patient and even in normal person.
Association of Autoimmune Markers with the Disease Activity in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Osman El Mahdi Eman Naguib , Zeyada Omneya Mohamed , El Fotoh ElAdwey Radwa Hassan Abou , Saied Mghanam Mohamed Alsayed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem chronic autoimmune disease with a relapsing and remitting course. Predicting changes in SLE disease activity could allow for closer monitoring and preemptive treatment. SLE is diagnosed using a combination of immunological markers, clinical symptoms.

Aim of the Work
To assess the relation between level of autoimmune markers in SLE patients with disease activity.

Subjects and Methods
Our study was a case control study, conducted on 60 patients of matched age and sex attending immunology & rheumatology outpatient clinics and wards at Ain Shams university hospital during the period from September 2023 to February 2024. 30 were medically free individuals and they made the control group. As regards the cases group it was divided into further 2 groups where 30 were SLE patients not in activity and the remaining 30 patients were SLE patients in activity.

Results
Markers of activity as C3, C4, Anti-dsDNA, ESR, CRP, PR/CR ratio was highly significant when compared between three studied groups, p-value &lt;0.01. ESR and CRP was high in active group than inactive group than control group. C3 and C4 was high in control group than inactive group than active group. PR/CR ratio was high in active group than control group inactive group. Anti-dsDNA was significance in comparison between Active SLE and Inactive SLE groups, also between active SLE and control groups, being positive only in active group. Antiphospholipid antibodies (LAC IgG and IgM, ACL IgG and IgM, β2 glycoprotein IgG and IgM) was highly significant when compared between three studied groups, p-value &lt;0.01, being higher in inactive group than active group than control group.

Conclusion
Autoimmune markers as markers of activity and antiphospholipid antibodies showed strong significance when compared between three studied groups, and in comparison between active and inactive SLE groups.
Membrane versus Centrifuge Based Therapeutic Plasma Exchange
Authors: Elhagrasy Mohamed Ayman Mahmoud , El Sayed Hesham Mohamed , Emara Ahmed Abdelmoneam , Abdel-Samea Marwa Shaaban , Abdelrahman Nahla Hussein 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an extracorporeal technique that involves separating a large volume of a patient’s plasma from the cellular components of the blood and replacing it with appropriate fluids. In patients with conditions that are induced and/or exacerbated by pathologic factors and toxins circulating in the plasma, TPE can help eliminate symptoms or prevent damage to the organs or systems involved.

Aim of the Work
To compare between the two methods of plasma exchange “centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange (cTPE) and membrane therapeutic plasma exchange (mTPE)” as regard efficacy and tolerability.

Patients and Methods
This study is aprospective observational study. This study conducted plasma exchange unit in Ain Shams university hospitals (Eldemerdash and Ain Shams university specialized hospital). Study period: six months 40 patients.

Results
In our study we made a comparison between the 2 types as regard total procedure time, plasma removal efficiency, hemostatic parameters and removal efficiency. As regards procedure time, cTPE was longer than mTPE but less in preparation and priming time. As regard plasma removal efficiency, cTPE is higher than mTPE but the difference is not significant. Also, no significant platelets loss with the 2 modalities, but there is significant decrease in hemoglobin post treatment using the 2 modalities. Removal efficiency of IgG and fibrinogen is significantly high but with no significant difference between them.

Conclusion
This study comparing centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange (cTPE) and membrane therapeutic plasma exchange (mTPE) revealed that cTPE had significantly shorter treatment time, while mTPE showed comparable patient removal efficiency and adverse event rates. Hemostatic parameter changes varied between studies. Individual device and protocol differences may contribute to these outcomes, emphasizing the need for tailored treatment approaches.
Demographic, Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Axial Spondyloarthritis in Egyptian Patients
Authors: Eldeen Abdelbaky Mohamed Salah , Hassan Sameh Abd El-Mottleb , Morshedy Nashwa Aly , Farouk Alshymaa Mohamed , Eldeen Mohey Eldeen Noha Mohamed Gamal , Eldeen Hassan Mohamed Gamal 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disorder involving the sacroiliac (SI) joints and spine but can also involve entheses and peripheral joints. It encompasses both radiographic axial SpA (r-axSPA) and non-radiographic axial SpA (nr-axSPA), which are differentiated based upon the presence or absence of radiographic sacroiliitis, respectively.

Aim
To study the demographic features, clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of axSpA in a cohort of Egyptian patients and to assess the differences between r-axSPA and nr- axSpA.

Patients and Methods
This cross sectional study was conducted on 80 patients who fulfilled the ASAS classification criteria for axSpA collected from Rheumatology outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University hospitals. Patients were further classified as r-axSpA or nr-axSpA based on radiographic findings according to modified New York classification criteria. All Patients were subjected to detailed medical history, assessment of disease activity, laboratory investigations & imaging.

Results
This study showed that the majority of r-axSpA patients were males while the majority of nr-axSpA patients were females. There is a statistically highly significant difference between both groups regarding smoking. hip arthritis was present more frequently in r-axSpA. Disease activity scores and modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS) were higher in r- axSpA. There is no significant difference between both groups regarding co-morbidities, age at onset of symptoms, type of first symptoms, age at diagnosis, peripheral arthritis, extra- articular manifestations, family history, type of received drug & Human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B27).

Conclusion
Demographic features, clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of axSpA of Egyptian patients are comparable with those of patients from different regions across the world except for low association with HLA-B27 & presentation of psoriasis as the most common extraarticular manifestaions. By comparing r-axSpA and nr-axSPA patients, both groups are significantly different regarding sex, smoking, hip arthritis, disease activity scores (ASDAS, BASDAI & BASFI) and mSASSS. Both groups are nearly similar regarding co-morbidities, age at onset of symptoms, type of first symptoms, age at diagnosis, peripheral arthritis, extra-articular manifestations, family history, type of received drug & HLA-B27.
(Vanin-1) Protein Level as Discriminating Factor between Primary Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Thrombocytopenia Due to Acute Leukemia
Authors: Elsalakawy Walaa Ali , said Rasha Magdy Mohamed , Radwan Rania Abdel – Moniem , Hussein Abdalla Ahmed Nour Elhoda , Izzaldin Mohamed Ramadan 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Vanin-1 is an ectoenzyme with pantetheinase activity. It is highly expressed at the gene and protein level in many organs, such as the liver, intestine, and kidney.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study was to measure Vanin-1 protein levels in patients with newly diagnosed primary immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and in patients with newly diagnosed thrombocytopenia due to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Patients and Methods
a comparative study made in Ain Shams University Hospitals, Clinical Haematology of Internal Medicine Department. The Vanin-1 protein level was measured by ELISA in patients with newly diagnosed ITP (n = 30), AML (n = 30), and healthy controls (n = 30). Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected and analyzed.

Results
The mean age of the AML patients was higher than the mean age of the ITP and control groups. Male predominance was observed among the AML group, while female predominance was observed among the ITP group. Dyspnea, fatigue, and bleeding were the most common presentations among the AML group, while anemia and bleeding were the most common presentations among the ITP group. Vanin-1 levels were significantly higher in the ITP group compared to the AML group and healthy controls. ROC curve analysis showed that Vanin-1 could discriminate ITP patients from AML patients and healthy controls with high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
Vanin-1 can be used as a predictive factor to differentiate ITP and AML cases from healthy non-diseased subjects, and also to differentiate thrombocytopenia due to AML from that due to ITP.
Effect of Vitamin D on Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients with IBS Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Authors: Ahmed ElTouny Maha Abdel Aziz , El Maltawy Mohamed AbdelFattah , Bayoumy Essam Mohammed , Yaqut Hasan Muhammad Abdeltawab 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, which can affect all members of a society, regardless of age, sex, race or socioeconomic status. Because of its high prevalence and chronic nature, it represents a significant economic burden. In fact, these patients have a relevant impairment of their quality of life, which limits their work productivity and daily social activities, especially when it is associated with other disorders, such as anxiety and depression.

Objective
To evaluate the Impact of Vitamin D as a potential therapy for treatment of IBS in Egyptian patients.

Patients and Methods
Our study was conducted on 90 Egyptian patients whose age is more than 18 years and have irritable bowel syndrome. Our study is a randomized placebo-controlled study that was conducted on Gastroenterology outpatient clinic at Ain Shams University Hospital from July 2018 to June 2020.

Results
There was non-statistical significant difference in baseline and 12 weeks IBSSS in placebo group (P = 0.075). There was non- significance difference between the two groups as regard baseline IBSSS (P = 0.572). However, mean of IBSSS after 12 weeks was lower in intervention group (155.0±53.9) than in placebo group (310.7±82.1) with statistical significance difference (p = 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D and baseline IBSSS (r = - 0.455) (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency about Egyptian patients with IBS. There was a significant negative correlation between serum vitamin D and baseline IBSSS. Vitamin D may be a potential therapy for treatment of IBS in Egyptian patients.
Prevalence of Selective Immunoglobulin A-Deficiency among Patients Diagnosed with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria
Authors: EL-Deeb Mai Ahmed , Elkady Hossam Moustafa , Mahmoud Mayada Moneer , Ali Lamyaa Elsayed Mehriz , Lotfy Ibrahim Mostafa Mohamed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic spontaneous urticaria with angioedema is prevalent, affecting approximately 1% of the general population, and has a significant impact on quality of life, according to epidemiological data.

Aim of the Work
To determine the prevalence of Selective immunoglobulin A-deficiency among patients diagnosed with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria.

Patients and Methods
This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 104 patients attending Allergy Clinic at Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period from July 2023 to December 2023.

Results
Our results showed that 5 patients out of 104 cases were found to have Selective IgA deficiency. Our findings implicate that especially the combination of serum IgA and IgE levels is of relevance in the diagnostic workup of CSU patients. Notably, patients with lower IgA levels present different disease phenotypes such as recurrent respiratory tract infections, allergies, autoimmune diseases and gastrointestinal disorders and other complications. Such pathology urges patients with low IgA levels to seek early medical advice explaining why SIgAD patients in our study presented to us with a short-term duration of CSU. Not only low IgA levels was connected to lower eosinophil counts, but also, lower IgE level, independent of IgA values, is connected to lower eosinophil counts. The pathology underlying the decrease in immunoglobulin levels and their interaction in CSU was explained by impairment in antibody class switch with imbalanced immunoglobulin production, yet precise mechanism is still not well understood.

Conclusion
Our study focused on determining the prevalence of Selective immunoglobulin A-deficiency among patients diagnosed with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria. Consistently, our results detected 5 patients out of 104 cases were found to have Selective IgA deficiency. Our research results strongly support that IgA and IgE level assessment is essential to further diagnose subtypes of CSU. Such assessment will potentiate the early formulation of appropriate therapy to each patient.