bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Recently Developed LC–MS/MS Methods for the Analysis of Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in Water
Authors: Kachhawaha Akanksha S , Nagarnaik Pranav M , Labhasetwar Pawan , Banerjee Kaushik 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background: Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are present in the environment in trace concentrations. These compounds may cause health hazards to human beings and animals. The concerns related to their existence has led to development of a number of sensitive, accurate, and robust analytical methods. Objective: This article aims to review the recently developed chromatography-MS-based methods for the analysis of PPCPs in varied aqueous matrices and also presents a brief overview of the current status of PPCPs in the Indian aquatic environment. Methods: It demonstrates existing and recent trends in sampling, sample preparation techniques, and instrumentation methods for estimation of PPCPs in water. Results: Solid-phase extraction is found to be the most commonly used sample preparation technique, and LC–tandem MS (MS/MS; with electrospray ionization) is the most extensively used instrumentation technique for the analysis of PPCPs. Conclusions: The analytical methods reviewed here provide a detailed overview of the procedures for detection and quantification of PPCPs in water. These methods are useful for monitoring these compounds in environmental matrices and facilitate risk assessment studies. Highlights: This paper reviews the analytical methods for estimation of PPCPs in aquatic environmental matrices and presents their comprehensive evaluation.
What Works to Reduce Inequality in Higher Education?
Authors: Geven Koen , Herbaut Estelle 
Published: September 2019

Policy makers are increasingly searching for ways to reduce inequality in higher education. There is now a sizeable and high-quality body of literature that estimates the effects of interventions on access and completion in higher education. Our new paper reviews 75 quasi-experimental studies and rigorously compares more than 200 causal effects of outreach and financial aid interventions on disadvantaged students. We found that outreach and financial aid can both work, but important lessons should be learned from interventions that do not show an effect. In this article, we first provide an overview of the main mechanisms driving exclusion, both in terms of access to and completion from higher education. We then summarize the evidence for policy makers, highlighting key lessons, while we also indicate directions for future research.
Rhodococcus sp. may convert ethylene to acetaldehyde to slow ripening in climacteric fruit.
Authors: Perry Guenevere 
Published: September 2019

Pre-Print Update. Previous studies suggested Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Bacillus licheniformis cells converted ethylene to a nitrile compound to delay the effects of ripening, (Perry, G. Nov. 9, 2017). However, there may be an alternative compound that plays a more significant role in induced Rhodococcus and Bacillus ability to delay ripening. It has been known for years that Rhodococcus can convert the alkyne compound acetylene to acetaldehyde and potentially ethanol as a secondary product (DeBont, 1980).
This pre-print revisit re-examines the prior data to determine if the tri-phasic system previously discussed in 2017, induced bacteria to convert ethylene and/or propylene into acetaldehyde (a primary product), ethanol (a secondary product), and acetonitrile (a product of ethanol and a subsequent ammoxidation reaction). The acetaldehyde may delay the effects of ripening and inhibit fungal growth, while the nitrile by products enhance early plant development including germination and root elongation. Experimental results suggest an inducible monooxygenase or dioxygenase like enzyme is required to facilitate this process.
Collisional mechanics of the diagonal gaits of horses over a range of speeds
Authors: Hobbs Sarah Jane , Clayton Hilary M. 
Published: September 2019

One of the goals of the neuromotor control system is to minimize the cost of locomotion by reducing mechanical energy losses. Collisional mechanics, which studies the redirection of the downwards motion of the center of mass (COM) by ground reaction forces (GRF) generated by the limbs, represents an important source of energy loss. The primary objective of this study was to compare collisional mechanics and the associated mechanical energy losses in horses performing diagonally-synchronized gaits over a range of speeds. It is to be expected that collisional energy losses will be high when the COM velocity vector is closely aligned with the GRF vector. This condition is achieved in piaffe, an artificial gait performed in dressage competitions that has a diagonal limb coordination pattern similar to trot but performed with little or no forward velocity. Therefore, we hypothesized that collisional energy losses would be higher in piaffe than in trot. Synchronized kinematic and GRF data were collected from three highly-trained horses performing piaffe, passage and trot at a range of speeds. Derived variables were vertical excursion and velocity of the trunk COM, fore and hind limb compression expressed as percentage reduction of standing limb lengths, range of limb pro-retraction, GRF vector magnitude and vector angle, collision angle (Φ), and mechanical cost of motion (CoMotmech). Linear regression was used to investigate the relationship between CoMotmechand speed for each gait. Partial correlation was used to seek relationships between COM excursion and limb mechanics for each gait. Piaffe, passage and trot were clearly separated on the basis of speed. In all gaits the trunk was high at contact and lift off and descended to its lowest point in midstance following the pattern typical of spring mass mechanics. Mechanical cost was significantly (p < .05) and inversely related to speed in trot and piaffe with the value increasing steeply as speed approached zero due to a near vertical orientation of both the COM velocity vector and the GRF vector. Limb compression during stance was significantly (p < .05) linked to trunk COM vertical excursion in all gaits, with a stronger relationship in the forelimb. Hindlimb compression was, however, large in piaffe where the force magnitudes are notably smaller. The study illustrates the potential value of studying artificial gaits to provide data encompassing the entire range of locomotor capabilities. The results supported the experimental hypothesis by showing a threefold increase in collisional energy losses in piaffe compared with trot. In all gaits, dissociation between diagonal limb contacts and lift offs was thought to be an important strategy in reducing in collisional losses. Piaffe, the most costly gait, has similar characteristics to hopping on the spot. It appears that greater hindlimb compliance and a lower step frequency are important energy conservation strategies for piaffe.
Characteristics and prognosis of pelvic Ewing sarcoma: a SEER population-based study
Authors: Chen Li , Long Cheng , Liu Jiaxin , Xing Fei , Duan Xin 
Published: September 2019

Background
The pelvis is one of the primary sites of Ewing sarcoma (ES) and is associated with poorer prognoses than the extremities. Due to the rarity of this disease and limited data available, the prognostic factors of pelvic ES remain controversial. Thus, this study aimed to identify independent prognostic factors, and develop a nomogram for predicting survival rates in patients with pelvic ES.

Methods
Using data provided by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, variables including age, sex, race, tumor size, tumor stage, surgery, and radiotherapy were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards regression. Based on the results of multivariate analyses, a nomogram was built to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with pelvic ES. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated by the concordance index (C-index).

Results
A total of 267 cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2016 were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that patients who were younger, white, had a localized tumor stage, or underwent surgery were associated with improved prognoses, while no significant differences were observed in OS based on sex, tumor size, or radiotherapy. A nomogram was developed and the C-index was 0.728, indicating adequate performance for survival prediction.

Conclusions
Age, race, tumor stage, and surgery were identified as independent prognostic factors for the OS of pelvic ES. The nomogram developed in this study can individually predict 3- and 5-year OS in patients with pelvic ES.
MYB transcription factors in alfalfa (Medicago sativa): genome-wide identification and expression analysis under abiotic stresses
Authors: Zhou Qiang , Jia Chenglin , Ma Wenxue , Cui Yue , Jin Xiaoyu , Luo Dong , Min Xueyang , Liu Zhipeng 
Published: September 2019

Background
Alfalfa is the most widely cultivated forage legume and one of the most economically valuable crops in the world. Its survival and production are often hampered by environmental changes. However, there are few studies on stress-resistance genes in alfalfa because of its incomplete genomic information and rare expression profile data. The MYB proteins are characterized by a highly conserved DNA-binding domain, which is large, functionally diverse, and represented in all eukaryotes. The role of MYB proteins in plant development is essential; they function in diverse biological processes, including stress and defense responses, and seed and floral development. Studies on the MYB gene family have been reported in several species, but they have not been comprehensively analyzed in alfalfa.

Methods
To identify more comprehensive MYB transcription factor family genes, the sequences of 168 Arabidopsis thaliana, 430 Glycine max, 185 Medicago truncatula, and 130 Oryza sativa MYB proteins were downloaded from the Plant Transcription Factor Database. These sequences were used as queries in a BLAST search against the M. sativa proteome sequences provided by the Noble Research Institute.

Results
In the present study, a total of 265 MsMYB proteins were obtained, including 50 R1-MYB, 186 R2R3-MYB, 26 R1R2R3-MYB, and three atypical-MYB proteins. These predicted MsMYB proteins were divided into 12 subgroups by phylogenetic analysis, and gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that most of the MsMYB genes are involved in various biological processes. The expression profiles and quantitative real-time PCR analysis indicated that some MsMYB genes might play a crucial role in the response to abiotic stresses. Additionally, a total of 170 and 914 predicted protein–protein and protein-DNA interactions were obtained, respectively. The interactions between MsMYB043 and MSAD320162, MsMYB253 and MSAD320162, and MsMYB253 and MSAD308489 were confirmed by a yeast two-hybrid system. This work provides information on the MYB family in alfalfa that was previously lacking and might promote the cultivation of stress-resistant alfalfa.
Urine proteome changes in rats subcutaneously inoculated with approximately ten tumor cells
Authors: Wei Jing , Meng Wenshu , Gao Youhe 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundBiomarkers are changes associated with the disease. Urine is not subject to homeostatic control and therefore accumulates very early changes, making it an ideal biomarker source. Usually, we have performed urinary biomarker studies involving at least thousands of tumor cells. However, no tumor starts from a thousand tumor cells. We therefore examined urine proteome changes in rats subcutaneously inoculated with approximately ten tumor cells.MethodsHere, we serially diluted Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells to a concentration of 102/mL and subcutaneously inoculated 0.1 mL of these cells into nine rats. The urine proteomes on days 0, 13 and 21 were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.ResultsHierarchical clustering analysis showed that the urine proteome of each sample at three time points were clustered into three clusters, indicating the good consistency of these nine rats when inoculated with the same limited tumor cells. Differential proteins on days 13 and 21 were mainly associated with cell adhesion, autophagic cell death, changes in extracellular matrix organization, angiogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. All of these enriched functional processes were reported to contribute to tumor progression and could not be enriched through random allocation analysis.ConclusionsOur results indicated that (1) the urine proteome reflects changes associated with cancer even with only approximately ten tumor cells in the body and that (2) the urine proteome reflects pathophysiological changes in the body with extremely high sensitivity and provides potential for a very early screening process of clinical patients.
Identification of lncRNAs associated with lung squamous cell carcinoma prognosis in the competitive endogenous RNA network
Authors: Qi Lingyu , Zhang Tingting , Yao Yan , Zhuang Jing , Liu Cun , Liu Ruijuan , Sun Changgang 
Published: September 2019

Background
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a role in the formation, development, and prognosis of various cancers. Our study aimed to identify prognostic-related lncRNAs in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), which may provide new perspectives for individualized treatment of patients.

Materials and Methods
The RNA sequencing (lncRNA, microRNA (miRNA), mRNA) data and clinical information related to LUSC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differentially expressed RNA sequences were used to construct the competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. In present study, we mainly used two prognostic verification methods, Cox analysis and survival analysis, to identify the prognostic relevance of specific lncRNAs and construct prognostic model of lncRNA.

Results
Datasets on 551 samples of lncRNA and mRNA and 523 miRNA samples were retrieved from the TCGA database. Analysis of the normal and LUSC samples identified 170 DElncRNAs, 331 DEmiRNAs, and 417 DEmRNAs differentially expressed RNAs. The ceRNA network contained 27 lncRNAs, 43 miRNAs, and 11 mRNAs. Furthermore, we identified seven specific lncRNAs (ERVH48-1, HCG9, SEC62-AS1, AC022148.1, LINC00460, C5orf17, LINC00261) as potential prognostic factors after correlation analysis, and five of the seven lncRNAs (AC022148.1, HCG9, LINC00460, C5orf17, LINC00261) constructed a prognostic model of LUSC.

Conclusion
In present study, we identified seven lncRNAs in the ceRNA network that are associated with potential prognosis in LUSC patients, and constructed a prognostic model of LUSC which can be used to assess the prognosis risk of clinical patients. Further biological experiments are needed to elucidate the specific molecular mechanisms underlying them.
Benefícios da revolução russa
Authors: Marques Junior Nelson Kautzner 
Published: September 2019

<p>O objetivo da revisão foi de apresentar os benefícios da revolução russa referente ao direito trabalhista, na saúde e na educação, no esporte. Até o século XX na Rússia o trabalhador não tinha nenhum direito trabalhista, mas com a revolução russa o povo conquistou vários benefícios – 8 horas de serviço, férias remuneradas etc. A saúde e a educação passaram a ser gratuitos na Rússia revolucionária. Em 1917 Kotov elaborou uma periodização e depois foram feitas outras pesquisas sobre esse tema onde resultaram em outros modelos. Em conclusão, o socialismo é o meio da sociedade se tornar mais igualitária e com melhor qualidade de vida. </p>
Destruição de forças produtivas e o rebaixamento da formação da classe trabalhadora: o caso da reforma da BNCC do ensino médio
Authors: Taffarel Celi Nelza Zulke , Beltrao José Arlen 
Published: September 2019

Este texto objetiva explicar os nexos e relações entre a destruição de forças produtivas e o rebaixamento da formação escolar dos filhos da classe trabalhadora. Discute os elementos centrais e as principais contradições do imperialismo e analisa as mudanças fundamentais promovidas pela lei n. 13.415/2017 e a BNCC do ensino médio, apontando os nexos e relações com o processo de destruição de forças produtivas. Foi possível constatar que esses dispositivos acentuam a tendência de esvaziamento científico do currículo escolar e de desqualificação dos jovens trabalhadores ainda no seu processo de escolarização básica. Além disso, integram o movimento de ofensiva do imperialismo no Brasil, de destruição dos serviços públicos e de forças produtivas.<strong><em></em></strong>
Randomized controlled trial of TDCS on cognition in 201 seniors with mild neurocognitive disorder
Authors: Lu Hanna , Chan Sandra Sau Man , Chan Wai Chi , Lin Cuichan , Cheng Calvin Pak Wing , Linda Chiu Wa Lam 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the efficacy and safety of combined transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and working memory training (WMT) in enhancing the cognitive functions for individuals with mild neurocognitive disorder due to AD (NCD‐AD).MethodsIn this double‐blind, sham‐controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT), 201 patients with NCD‐AD were randomly assigned for a 4‐week intervention of either a combination of tDCS and WMT, sham tDCS and WMT, or tDCS and control cognitive training (CCT). Global cognition and domain‐specific cognitive function were assessed before and after the intervention with Alzheimer's disease assessment scale‐cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog), category verbal fluency test, logical memory, digit, and visual span tests.ResultsStudy participants did not show intervention group differences in baseline demographics, or cognitive characteristics (ANOVA). Cognitive enhancement was found across three groups after 4 weeks intervention. Combined tDCS‐WMT group showed significantly greater improvement compared with single‐modality groups in delayed recall (P = 0.043, η2 = 0.036) and working memory capacity (P = 0.04, η2 = 0.038) at 4th week, and logical memory at 12th week (P = 0.042, η2 = 0.037). Adverse events, including skin lesions (2.2%), were similar between groups.InterpretationtDCS or WMT could be a safe, feasible, and effective intervention for individuals with NCD‐AD. A combination of tDCS and WMT presents greater cognitive enhancement, which may highlight the potential synergistic effects of combined modality intervention on cognition.
Hormonal Dependence and Cancer in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Cobo‐Ibáñez Tatiana , Urruticoechea‐Arana Ana , Rúa‐Figueroa Iñigo , Martín‐Martínez María A. , Ovalles‐Bonilla Juan Gabriel , Galindo María , Calvo‐Alén Jaime , Olivé Alejandro , Fernández‐Nebro Antonio , Menor‐Almagro Raúl , Tomero Eva , Horcada Loreto , Uriarte‐Itzazelaia Esther , Martínez‐Taboada Víctor M. , Andreu José Luis , Boteanu Alina , Narváez Javier , Bohorquez Cristina , Montilla Carlos , Santos Gregorio , Hernández‐Cruz Blanca , Vela Paloma , Salgado Eva , Freire Mercedes , Hernández‐Beriain José Ángel , Díez‐Álvarez Elvira , Expósito Lorena , Fernández‐Berrizbeitia Olaia , Velloso‐Feijoo María Luisa , Ibáñez‐Barceló Mónica , Lozano‐Rivas Nuria , Bonilla Gema , Moreno Mireia , Raya Enrique , Quevedo‐Vila Víctor Eliseo , Vázquez‐Rodríguez Tomas Ramón , Ibáñez‐Ruan Jesús , Muñoz‐Fernández Santiago , Sánchez‐Alonso Fernando , Pego‐Reigosa José María 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveTo estimate the incidence and analyze any cancer‐associated factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), differentiating between hormone‐sensitive (HS) and non‐HS cancers.MethodsThis was a retrospective multicenter study of a patient cohort from the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Registry of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. Included were the first cancer post‐SLE diagnosis, clinical and sociodemographic information, cumulative damage, severity, comorbidities, treatments, and refractoriness. Cancers were classified as HS (prostate, breast, endometrium, and ovarian) and non‐HS (the remainder). The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated and logistic regression models were built.ResultsA total of 3,539 patients (90.4% women) were included, 154 of whom had cancer (91% female), and 44 had HS cancer (100% female). The cancer SIR was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.15–1.59), with higher values in women age <65 years (SIR 2.38 [95% CI 1.84–2.91]). The SIR in women with HS versus non‐HS cancer was 1.02 (95% CI 0.13–1.91) and 1.93 (95% CI 0.98–2.89). In HS versus non‐HS cancers, SLE diagnostic age (odds ratio [OR] 1.04 [P = 0.002] versus 1.04 [P = 0.019]), and period of disease evolution (OR 1.01 [P < 0.001] versus 1.00 [P = 0.029]) were associated with cancer. The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (OR 1.27 [P = 0.022]) and angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor prescriptions (OR 2.87 [P = 0.048]) were associated with non‐HS cancers.ConclusionCancer incidence in patients with SLE was higher than in the Spanish population, particularly among young women. This increase might be due to non‐HS cancers, which would be associated with SLE involving greater cumulative damage where more ACE inhibitors are prescribed.
A Lithium‐Ion Pump Based on Piezoelectric Effect for Improved Rechargeability of Lithium Metal Anode
Authors: Xiang Jingwei , Cheng Zexiao , Zhao Ying , Zhang Bao , Yuan Lixia , Shen Yue , Guo Zezhou , Zhang Yi , Jiang Jianjun , Huang Yunhui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLithium metal is widely studied as the “crown jewel” of potential anode materials due to its high specific capacity and low redox potential. Unfortunately, the Li dendrite growth limits its commercialization. Previous research has revealed that the uniform Li‐ion flux on electrode surface plays a vital role in achieving homogeneous Li deposition. In this work, a new strategy is developed by introducing a multifunctional Li‐ion pump to improve the homogenous distribution of Li ions. Via coating a β‐phase of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (β‐PF) film on Cu foil (Cu@β‐PF), a piezoelectric potential across such film is established near the electrode surface because of its piezoelectric property, which serves as a driving force to regulate the migration of Li ions across the film. As a result, uniform Li‐ion distribution is attained, and the Cu@β‐PF shows coulombic efficiency around 99% throughout 200 cycles. Meanwhile, the lithium‐sulfur full cell paired with Li‐Cu@β‐PF anode exhibits excellent performance. This facile strategy via regulating the Li‐ion migration provides a new perspective for safe and reliable Li metal anode.
Negative Capacitance for Electrostatic Supercapacitors
Authors: Hoffmann Michael , Fengler Franz Paul Gustav , Max Benjamin , Schroeder Uwe , Slesazeck Stefan , Mikolajick Thomas 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe increasing demand for efficient storage of electrical energy is one of the main challenges in the transformation toward a carbon neutral society. While electrostatic capacitors can achieve much higher power densities compared to other storage technologies like batteries, their energy densities are comparatively low. Here, it is proposed and demonstrated that negative capacitance, which is present in ferroelectric materials, can be used to improve the energy storage of capacitors beyond fundamental limits. While negative capacitance was previously mainly considered for low power electronics, it is shown that ferroelectric/dielectric capacitors using negative capacitance are promising for energy storage applications. Compared to earlier results using (anti)ferroelectric materials for electrostatic energy storage, much higher efficiencies of more than 95% even for ultrahigh energy densities beyond 100 J cm−3 are demonstrated using nonepitaxial thin films suitable for integration on 3D substrates. Stable operation up to 150 °C and 108 charging/discharging cycles is further demonstrated.