bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asymmetry in Similarity Formation: Extension of Similarity Theory to Open Sets of Features
Authors: Falkowski Andrzej , Sidoruk-Błach Maria , Bartosiewicz Zbigniew , Olszewska Justyna M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
The current work shows the extension of similarity theory to open sets of features. Increasing similarity between two objects while deleting distinctive features and adding common features results in different effects depending on the original similarity. When the similarity is greater than 0.5, deleting distinctive features is more effective. When the similarity value is less than 0.5, adding common features is more effective. When we compare an object with its ideal, common features are positive and distinctive features are negative, whereas when we compare an object with its anti-ideal, common features are negative and distinctive features are positive. Consequently, greater strength of negative or positive features in increasing similarity depends on both the value of original similarity and whether the object is compared with its ideal or to its anti-ideal. In this way the positive–negative asymmetry is revealed. Theoretical simulations and a brief empirical demonstration of how the model works have shown that for similarity exceeding 0.5 of a compared object to its ideal, deleting negative features had a stronger effect on the positive image of a particular object than adding positive features of the same value. The mechanism presented is universal and refers to estimation and comparison of all natural stimuli, which can be defined by means of open sets of features.
Acoustic Characteristics of Pakistani English Vowel Sounds
Authors: Abbasi Abdul , Channa Mansoor , Memon Masood , John Stephen , Ahmed Irtaza , Kumar Kamlesh 
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this investigation was to document acoustic characteristics of Pakistani English (PaKE) vowel sounds. The experiment was designed to examine the properties of ten vowels produced by Pakistani ESL learners. The analysis is based on the voice samples of recorded 50 CVC words. Total 5000 (10 10 50=5000) voiced samples were analyzed. The data consisted of 50 words of ten English vowel sounds [i: ɪ e ɔ: æ ə ɑ: u: ɒ ʊ]. Ten ESL speakers recorded their voice samples on Praat speech processing tool installed on laptop. Three parameters were considered i.e., fundamental frequency (F0), vowel quality (F1-F2) and duration. Formant patterns were judged manually by visual inspection on Praat Speech Processing Tool. Analysis of formant frequency shows numerous differences between male and female of F1 and F2, fundamental frequency and duration of English vowels. The voice samples provide evidence for higher and lower frequency of vowel sounds. Additionally, the data analysis illustrates that there were statistical differences in the values of short and long vowels coupled with vowel space plot showing explicit differences in locating the production of vowels of male &amp; female vowel space acoustic realizations.
Seks, ICT en het strafrecht
Authors: Budde Franck , Lagerwey Rosanne 
Published: May 2018

Report of study day of PROCES
On Thursday January 25, 2018 the study day of PROCES took place with the title ‘Sex, ICT and criminal law’. Sex is as old as the road to Rome so there is nothing new there. But with the arrival of ICT in addition to the physical world there is a new world in which sex has also found his way. Where as sex in the past consisted of physical interactions between people in the same space, now sexual interaction also happens between people who are miles apart, connected by ICT. During the study day the central issue was how organizations involved in sex, ICT and criminal law deal with sex in the digital dimension and which problems they face.
Daders van arbeidsuitbuiting
Authors: van Meeteren Masja , van der Leun Joanne 
Published: May 2018

Those who commit labor exploitation. An analysis of the alleged role of organized crime in human trafficking
Human traffickers are usually depicted in public discourse as evil villains: the crème de la crème of organized crime. Although this image has also been dominant among scholars for a long time, it has become increasingly controversial. On the one hand, this debate is fueled by discussions amongst criminologists on criminal networks, on the other hand by the expansion of the legal definition of the crime since 2005. Apart from exploitation in the prostitution sector, various other forms of human trafficking are distinguished now, including labor exploitation. This article explores the question of which organizational forms play a role in labor exploitation. Through a review of the empirical research literature on labor exploitation, the authors show that in the field of labor exploitation, there is probably less involvement in criminal syndicates or criminal networks that maintain contacts with other criminal networks. In many cases, labor exploitation is committed by individuals or family businesses, or smaller loosely organized networks that are not necessarily embedded in other criminal networks. For researchers and policy makers alike, it is therefore advisable not to approach labor exploitation exclusively from the perspective of transnational organized crime.
LA RIFORMA DEI REATI SESSUALI IN FERMANIA DEL 2016
Authors: Macrì Francesco 
Published: May 2018

Il legislatore tedesco ha nel 2016 riformato incisivamente la legislazione penale sessuale. La norma di maggiore impatto giuridico e simbolico è il § 177/1 StGB, che sancisce – per la prima volta in un grande ordinamento di Civil Law – la punibilità degli atti sessuali “meramente dissensuali”. Ulteriore modifica rilevante è l'incriminazione degli atti sessuali commessi “a sorpresa”, così come quella delle molestie sessuali. È stato poi introdotto un peculiare delitto “accessorio” (§ 184j StGB) che sanziona la mera partecipazione ad un gruppo che induca uno dei membri a commettere un reato sessuale. Siffatta previsione, peraltro, si connota per una strumentalizzazione simbolica del diritto penale che non appare accompagnata da un potenziamento funzionale della tutela della libertà sessuale. In un'ottica complessiva, tuttavia, va osservato come la suddetta ombra (così come altre minori) sia affiancata da importanti luci, a partire dalla svolta “consensualistica” del Sexualstrafrecht tedesco, che ad avviso dello scrivente consentono un giudizio globalmente positivo – pur con talune riserve – sulla riforma.
Plasma proteomic analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus patients using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with label-free quantification
Authors: Madda Rashmi , Lin Shih-Chang , Sun Wei-Hsin , Huang Shir-Ly 
Published: May 2018

Context
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease with unknown etiology.

Objective
Human plasma is comprised of over 10 orders of magnitude concentration of proteins and tissue leakages. The changes in the abundance of these proteins have played an important role in various human diseases. Therefore, the research objective of this study is to identify the significantly altered expression levels of plasma proteins from SLE patients compared with healthy controls using proteomic analysis. The plasma proteome profiles of both SLE patients and controls were compared.

Methods
A total of 19 active SLE patients and 12 healthy controls plasma samples were analyzed using high-resolution electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) followed by label-free quantification.

Results
A total of 19 proteins showed a significant level of expression in the comparative LC-ESI-MS/MS triplicate analysis; among these, 14 proteins had >1.5- to three-fold up-regulation and five had <0.2- to 0.6-fold down-regulation. Gene ontology and DAVID (Database Annotation Visualization, and Integrated Discovery) functional enrichment analysis revealed that these proteins are involved in several important biological processes including acute phase inflammatory responses, complement activation, hemostasis, and immune system regulation.

Conclusion
Our study identified a group of differentially expressed proteins in the plasma of SLE patients that are involved in the imbalance of the immune system and inflammatory responses. Therefore, these findings may have the potential to be used as prognostic/diagnostic markers for SLE disease assessment or disease monitoring.
Allele phasing has minimal impact on phylogenetic reconstruction from targeted nuclear gene sequences in a case study of Artocarpus
Authors: Kates Heather Rose , Johnson Matthew G. , Gardner Elliot M. , Zerega Nyree J. C. , Wickett Norman J. 
Published: May 2018

Premise of the StudyUntapped information about allele diversity within populations and individuals (i.e., heterozygosity) could improve phylogenetic resolution and accuracy. Many phylogenetic reconstructions ignore heterozygosity because it is difficult to assemble allele sequences and combine allele data across unlinked loci, and it is unclear how reconstruction methods accommodate variable sequences. We review the common methods of including heterozygosity in phylogenetic studies and present a novel method for assembling allele sequences from target‐enriched Illumina sequencing libraries.MethodsWe performed supermatrix phylogeny reconstruction and species tree estimation of Artocarpus based on three methods of accounting for heterozygous sequences: a consensus method based on de novo sequence assembly, the use of ambiguity characters, and a novel method for incorporating read information to phase alleles. We characterize the extent to which highly heterozygous sequences impeded phylogeny reconstruction and determine whether the use of allele sequences improves phylogenetic resolution or decreases topological uncertainty.Key ResultsWe show here that it is possible to infer phased alleles from target‐enriched Illumina libraries. We find that highly heterozygous sequences do not contribute disproportionately to poor phylogenetic resolution and that the use of allele sequences for phylogeny reconstruction does not have a clear effect on phylogenetic resolution or topological consistency.ConclusionsWe provide a framework for inferring phased alleles from target enrichment data and for assessing the contribution of allelic diversity to phylogenetic reconstruction. In our data set, the impact of allele phasing on phylogeny is minimal compared to the impact of using phylogenetic reconstruction methods that account for gene tree incongruence.
Vinylsulfonatester: Effiziente Kettenübertragungsreagenzien für verzögerungsfreien 3D‐Druck schlagzäher Photopolymere
Authors: Seidler Konstanze , Griesser Markus , Kury Markus , Harikrishna Reghunathan , Dorfinger Peter , Koch Thomas , Svirkova Anastasiya , Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina , Stampfl Juergen , Moszner Norbert , Gorsche Christian , Liska Robert 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDie Netzwerkbildung während der lichtinitiierten radikalischen Polymerisation erfolgt ungeregelt und ist nicht einfach zu kontrollieren. Die entstehenden Photopolymere besitzen eine inhomogene Netzwerkarchitektur, welche in sprödem Materialverhalten resultiert und somit die Anwendung beispielsweise für den 3D‐Druck, Biomedizin und Mikroelektronik limitiert. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Ester‐aktivierter Vinylsulfonatester (EVS) präsentiert, der die schnelle Bildung von geregelten Methacrylat‐basierten Netzwerken ermöglicht. Der durch EVS eingeleitete Kettenübertragungsschritt reduziert die kinetische Kettenlänge des Photopolymers und verschiebt den Gelpunkt zu höheren Umsätzen. Dies hat eine geringere polymerisationsinduzierte Schrumpfspannung und einen höheren Gesamtumsatz zur Folge. Das gebildete gleichmäßigere Polymernetzwerk ist der Grund für die hohe Zähigkeit des Endmaterials. Die einzigartige Fähigkeit von EVS zur nahezu verzögerungsfreien Polymerisation basiert auf der Tatsache, dass nach dem Kettenübertragungsschritt keine Doppelbindung gebildet wird, die weiterreagieren könnte. Laser‐Blitzlichtphotolyse, theoretische Berechnungen und Photoreaktorstudien machen den schnellen Kettenübertragungsschritt und die außergewöhnlichen Netzwerkregelungseigenschaften von EVS verständlich. Die resultierenden Polymere weisen verbesserte mechanische Eigenschaften auf, was EVS zu einem ausgezeichneten Kandidaten für den lithographiebasierten 3D‐Druck von zähen Photopolymeren macht.
Nerve Regeneration in Conditions of HSV‐Infection and an Antiviral Drug Influence
Authors: Gumenyuk Alla , Rybalko Svetlana , Ryzha Alona , Savosko Sergey , Labudzynskyi Dmytro , Levchuk Natalia , Chaikovsky Yuri 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTHerpes simplex virus type I (HSV‐I) is a latent neuroinfection which can cause focal brain lesion. The role of HSV‐infection in nerve regeneration has not been studied so far. The aim of the work was to study sciatic nerve regeneration in the presence of HSV‐infection and the influence of an antiviral drug. BALB/c line mice were divided into five groups. Group 1 animals were infected with HSV‐I. After resolution of neuroinfection manifestations the sciatic nerve of these animals was crushed. Group 2 mice were administered acyclovir following the same procedures. Groups 3–5 mice served as controls. Thirty days after the operation distal nerve stumps and m.gastrocnemius were studied morphologically and biochemically. Ultrastructural organization of the sciatic nerve in control animals remained intact. Morphometric parameters of the nerves from the experimental groups have not reach control values. However, in the group 1 diameter of nerve fibers was significantly smaller than in the group 2. Both nerve regeneration and m.gastrocnemius reinnervation were confirmed. The muscle hypotrophy was found in groups 1, 2, and 3 (the muscle fibers diameter decreased). Metabolic changes in the muscles of the infected animals (groups 1 and 2) were more pronounced than in control groups 3 and 4. The levels of TBA‐active products, conjugated dienes, carbonyl and SH‐groups were reduced in m.gastrocnemius of the experimental groups, however no significant difference associated with acyclovir administration was found. HSV‐infection is not limited to the local neurodegenerative changes in the CNS but affects regeneration of the injured sciatic nerve. Anat Rec, 301:1734–1744, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐Hatching Growth of the Pectoralis Muscle in Pigeon and Its Functional Implications
Authors: Liang Xinxin , Yu Jiali , Wang Huan , Zhang Zihui 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe avian pectoralis muscle is responsible for the wing's downstroke, which provides birds with lift and thrust for flight. In the present study, architectural parameters were investigated through growth in the pigeon (Columba livia), an altricial bird species, from the ages of 4 days to 12 months, in order to assess the morphological changes and effects of increasing body mass. Muscle mass, fascicle length (FL), and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA) increased with strong positive allometry. As an indicator of force production capacity, the PCSA increased 30‐fold with the changes in body mass; it grew rapidly during the nesting period and post‐fledging period into sexual maturity. The growth pattern of FL demonstrated a gradual increase before fledging and a marked increase after maturity. Taken together, the growth of the pectoralis was found to be dominated by a continuous increase in PCSA before maturity and subsequent increase in FL. These features were associated with the establishment and improvement of flight capability, and further revealed different strategies in maintaining relatively constant power prior to and after maturity. Anat Rec, 301:1564–1569, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neonatal Growth Restriction Slows Cardiomyocyte Development and Reduces Adult Heart Size
Authors: Knott Madeline H. , Haskell Sarah E. , Strawser Payton E. , Rice Olivia M. , Bonthius Natalie T. , Movva Vani C. , Reinking Benjamin E. , Roghair Robert D. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTPrematurity is associated with reduced cardiac dimensions and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. While prematurity is typically associated with ex utero neonatal growth restriction (GR), the independent effect of neonatal GR on cardiac development has not been established. We tested the hypothesis that isolated neonatal GR decreases cardiomyocyte growth and proliferation, leading to long‐term alterations in cardiac morphology. C57BL/6 mice were fostered in litters ranging in size from 6 to 12 pups to accentuate normal variation in neonatal growth. Regardless of litter size, GR was defined by a weight below the 10th percentile. On postnatal day 8, Ki67 immunoreactivity, cardiomyocyte nucleation status and cardiomyocyte profile area were assessed. For adult mice, cardiomyocyte area was determined, along with cardiac dimensions by echocardiography and cardiac fibrosis by Masson's trichrome stain. On day 8, cardiomyocytes from GR versus control mice were significantly smaller and less likely to be binucleated with evidence of persistent cell cycle activity. As adults, GR mice continued to have smaller cardiomyocytes, as well as decreased left ventricular volumes without signs of fibrosis. Neonatal GR reduces cardiomyocyte size, delays the completion of binucleation, and leads to long‐term alterations in cardiac morphology. Clinical studies are needed to ascertain whether these results translate to preterm infants that must continue to grow and mature in the midst of the increased circulatory demands that accompany their premature transition to an ex utero existence. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gaze Stability, Dynamic Balance and Participation Deficits in People with Multiple Sclerosis at Fall‐Risk
Authors: Garg Hina , Dibble Leland E. , Schubert Michael C. , Sibthorp Jim , Foreman K. Bo , Gappmaier Eduard 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTDespite the common complaints of dizziness and demyelination of afferent or efferent pathways to and from the vestibular nuclei which may adversely affect the angular vestibulo‐ocular reflex (aVOR) and vestibulo‐spinal function in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), few studies have examined gaze and dynamic balance function in PwMS. (1) Determine the differences in gaze stability, dynamic balance and participation measures between PwMS and controls, (2) Examine the relationships between gaze stability, dynamic balance and participation. Nineteen ambulatory PwMS at fall‐risk and 14 age‐matched controls were recruited. Outcomes included (1) gaze stability (angular aVOR gain [ratio of eye to head velocity]; number of compensatory saccades [CS] per head rotation; CS latency; gaze position error; coefficient of variation [CV] of aVOR gain), (2) dynamic balance (functional gait assessment, FGA; four square step test), and (c) participation (dizziness handicap inventory; activities‐specific balance confidence scale). Separate independent t‐tests and Pearson's correlations were calculated. PwMS were age = 53 ± 11.7 years and had 4.2 ± 3.3 falls/year. PwMS demonstrated significant (P < 0.05) impairments in gaze stability, dynamic balance and participation measures compared to controls. CV of aVOR gain and CS latency were significantly correlated with FGA. Deficits and correlations across a spectrum of disability measures highlight the relevance of gaze and dynamic balance assessment in PwMS. Anat Rec, 301:1852–1860, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Higher‐Order Structuralization on the Adsorptive Properties of Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Linder‐Patton Oliver M. , Rogers Brock T. , Sumida Kenji 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe structural processing of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) over multiple length scales is critical for their successful use as adsorbents in a variety of emerging applications. Although significant advances in molecular‐scale design have provided strategies to boost the adsorptive capacities of MOFs, relatively little attention has been directed toward understanding the influence of higher‐order structuralization on the material performance. Herein, we present the main strategies that are currently available for the structural processing of MOFs and discuss the influence these processes can impart on the adsorptive properties of the materials. In all, this intriguing area of research is expected to provide significant opportunities to enhance the properties of MOFs further, which will ultimately aid in their optimization in the context of specific real‐world applications.
Microwave Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Cobalt Nickel Selenide Ternary Catalyst Toward the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zheng Jiwu , Gong Qing , Cheng Xuan , Gong Shuiping , Yang Weifeng , Huang Liuying 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCarbon supported cobalt nickel selenide (Co,Ni) Se2/C ternary catalysts were prepared by a simple microwave‐assisted polyol method. The effects of the Co amount (x), in terms of the Co content over the total amounts of Co and Ni presented in (CoxNi1‐x) Se2/C (x=0, 0.25, 0.33, 0.50, 0.67, 0.75 and 1.0), on the crystal structures, surface morphologies, microstructures, electrocatalytic activities and stabilities toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were systematically investigated. It was found that the incorporation of Co into NiSe2/C apparently reduced the average crystallite sizes of the as‐prepared (CoxNi1‐x) Se2/C (0<x<1.0) ternary catalysts by forming the solid solution like structure composing of NiSe2 and CoSe2. The average crystallite sizes decreased from 32.1 nm to 20.6 nm by varying x from 0 to 1.0. A typical cubic (CoxNi1–x) Se2 (0≤x<1.0) single crystallite with pyramidal morphology was identified, which differed significantly from the predominant orthogonal CoSe2 polycrystallite at x=1.0. The potentials corresponding to ORR (EORR) were 0.50∼0.68 V with the electron transfer numbers of 2.1∼3.6 at 0.3 V in 0.1 mol L−1 HClO4 solutions. The enhanced ORR activities were observed with Co‐rich (CoxNi1–x) Se2/C catalysts (x>0.5), in particular, with (Co0.75Ni0.25) Se2/C which showed no loss in EORR after 1000 cycles. The excessive amount of Co introduced into NiSe2/C resulted in the coexistence of a cubic (CoxNi1‐x) Se2 single crystallite and an orthogonal CoSe2 polycrystallite, which might be beneficial to inhibit the grain growth and to provide more active sites. Furthermore, the formation of (CoxNi1‐x) Se2 might provide more stable structure for the ternary (Co0.75Ni0.25) Se2/C to impede the Se oxidation.
The TOG protein Stu2/XMAP215 interacts covalently and noncovalently with SUMO
Authors: Greenlee Matt , Alonso Annabel , Rahman Maliha , Meednu Nida , Davis Kayla , Tabb Victoria , Cook River , Miller Rita K. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractStu2p is the yeast member of the XMAP215/Dis1/ch‐TOG family of microtubule‐associated proteins that promote microtubule polymerization. However, the factors that regulate its activity are not clearly understood. Here we report that Stu2p in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae interacts with SUMO by covalent and noncovalent mechanisms. Stu2p interacted by two‐hybrid analysis with the yeast SUMO Smt3p, its E2 Ubc9p, and the E3 Nfi1p. A region of Stu2p containing the dimerization domain was both necessary and sufficient for interaction with SUMO and Ubc9p. Stu2p was found to be sumoylated both in vitro and in vivo. Stu2p copurified with SUMO in a pull‐down assay and vice versa. Stu2p also bound to a nonconjugatable form of SUMO, suggesting that Stu2p can interact noncovalently with SUMO. In addition, Stu2p interacted with the STUbL enzyme Ris1p. Stu2p also copurified with ubiquitin in a pull‐down assay, suggesting that it can be modified by both SUMO and ubiquitin. Tubulin, a major binding partner of Stu2p, also interacted noncovalently with SUMO. By two‐hybrid analysis, the beta‐tubulin Tub2p interacted with SUMO independently of the microtubule stressor, benomyl. Together, these findings raise the possibility that the microtubule polymerization activities mediated by Stu2p are regulated through sumoylation pathways.