bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lattice Opening upon Bulk Reductive Covalent Functionalization of Black Phosphorus
Authors: Wild Stefan , Fickert Michael , Mitrovic Aleksandra , Lloret Vicent , Neiss Christian , Vidal‐Moya José Alejandro , Rivero‐Crespo Miguel Ángel , Leyva‐Pérez Antonio , Werbach Katharina , Peterlik Herwig , Grabau Mathias , Wittkämper Haiko , Papp Christian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Pichler Thomas , Görling Andreas , Hauke Frank , Abellán Gonzalo , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe chemical bulk reductive covalent functionalization of thin‐layer black phosphorus (BP) using BP intercalation compounds has been developed. Through effective reductive activation, covalent functionalization of the charged BP by reaction with organic alkyl halides is achieved. Functionalization was extensively demonstrated by means of several spectroscopic techniques and DFT calculations; the products showed higher functionalization degrees than those obtained by neutral routes.
Effect of novel aliphatic fluoro‐diol content on synthesis and properties of waterborne polyurethanes
Authors: Tsen Wen‐Chin , Lee Chia‐Fan , Su Yu‐Ru , Gu Jia‐Hao , Suen Maw‐Cherng 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTThis study synthesized a waterborne polyurethane (WPU) prepolymer by using polytetramethylene glycol, isophorone diisocyanate, and 2,2,3,3,4,4,4‐Heptafluoro‐butynic acid 2,2‐bis‐hydroxymethyl‐butyl ester (HFBA). Subsequently, a series of novel HFBA/WPUs were synthesized by adopting ethylenediamine as the chain extender. The results from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that the CO groups of HFBA/WPUs shifted to lower wavenumbers as the HFBA content increased. Moreover, when the HFBA content of the synthesized HFBA/WPUs increased, the WPU initial decomposition temperature, glass transition temperature, tensile strength, and Young's modulus also increased. Furthermore, the results of atomic force microscopy identified a relatively high number of humpy protrusions and roughness levels in the HFBA/WPUs with a relatively high HFBA content, causing higher hydrophobicity of these HFBA/WPUs. Furthermore, in vitro platelet and erythrocyte adhesion experiments revealed that increasing the HFBA content lowered platelet and erythrocyte adhesion on the surface of the WPUs. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47356.
Self‐assembly of a renewable lignin biopolymer in nanoparticles with multiple morphologies
Authors: Bao Dandan , Xie Yuntao , Ma Shenglin , Wu Zhibing , Piao Ji‐Gang 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTLignin is considered one of the main biorenewable polymers from natural resources. Each year, a large amount of lignin is generated as a waste byproduct of the pulping process in the paper industry. However, it is seldom treated as a value‐added material because of its undefined structure, the diverse methods of isolation and processing, and the origin of the material; these greatly hinder its application. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore new potential applications of this readily available yet underappreciated natural product. In this study, we developed a preparation method of lignin‐based microstructures or nanostructures via self‐assembly. We created various self‐assembled nanostructures, including nanocubes, nanorods, nano‐octahedrons, nanobranches, and other morphologies, by choosing different types of simple inorganic acids at various pHs. Some of these nanostructures have never been reported. These structures were fully characterized with scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering. All of them were uniform and stable. They displayed little or no cytotoxicity to cells in vitro at concentrations up to 1024 μg/mL. We hope the results of this study provide some insight for the future development of new applications of lignin‐based materials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47482.
Acrylate‐based photosensitive resin for stereolithographic three‐dimensional printing
Authors: Zhang Xueqian , Xu Yu , Li Lei , Yan Bei , Bao Jianjun , Zhang Aiming 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTIn this article, we report an acrylate‐based three‐dimensional (3D) printing stereolithography rapid‐prototyping photosensitive resin with a low viscosity, small volumetric shrinkage, high photoreactivity, and excellent strength. The resin was a compound prepared with bisphenol A epoxy acrylate (BAEA) as the main matrix, 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and tri(propylene glycol) diacrylate (TPGDA) as reactive diluents, pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA) as the crosslinking agent, and 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl propiophenone (1173) and diphenyl(2,4,6‐trimethyl benzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) as photoinitiators. The photocuring kinetics of the resins with different photoinitiator types and loadings were studied via real‐time IR spectroscopy, which provided insights into the optimization of photoinitiator composition and printing parameter settings. The results show that the content change of each component affected the viscosity of the photosensitive resin; this was accompanied by fluctuations in the volume shrinkage and mechanical strength of the cured products. Although an increase in the molar ratio of the reactive diluent remarkably reduced the viscosity of the photosensitive resin and thereby boosted photopolymerization, it also caused an increase in the volume shrinkage and a sacrifice of mechanical strength. Finally, as shown by a comparison of the other samples we studied, the resin composed of 30 mmol HDDA, 50 mmol TPGDA, 10 mmol PETA, 10 mmol BAEA, 2.5 mol % TPO, and 2.5 mol % 1173 achieved the best viscosity of 239.53 mPa s at 25 °C, the minimum shrinkage rate of 4.36%, and the maximum tensile strength of 43.19 MPa. The 3D printing curing products had the closest size to the design dimensions of the computer‐aided design model; this indicated that the resin seemed to be a most promising candidate for 3D printing applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47487.
Developing a standard approach for monitoring freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) populations in European rivers
Authors: Boon Philip J. , Cooksley Susan L. , Geist Juergen , Killeen Ian J. , Moorkens Evelyn A. , Sime Iain 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

The freshwater pearl mussel (Margaritifera margaritifera) is an endangered species in Europe, protected nationally and internationally, but with a steadily declining range and abundance owing to pressures such as pollution, river engineering, and illegal exploitation. Despite this, no consistent approaches have been developed around Europe for monitoring pearl mussel populations and their habitats.
To address this need, experts on pearl mussel ecology from 11 countries met at a series of workshops in order to develop a protocol for monitoring, published under the auspices of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This standard is unique, as it is the first CEN standard dedicated to a single species of conservation concern.
The standard is aimed at scientists, conservation bodies, and environmental regulators, and can be used for designing national monitoring programmes as well as reporting on the conservation status of pearl mussel populations under the European Habitats Directive. It contains guidance at the individual site level to determine why populations are failing to recruit, but also addresses the need for a wider‐scale approach to ensure that catchment developments do not have adverse impacts on rivers containing pearl mussels.
A pearl mussel monitoring programme needs to investigate the size and viability of populations, as well as the fish hosts (Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, or brown trout, Salmo trutta) on which pearl mussel larvae depend. Water quality, including variables such as dissolved oxygen, acid–base chemistry, and nutrient levels, is also an essential monitoring component, together with the physical features of the river bed, river flow regimes, and sediment dynamics.
It is hoped that this pan‐European approach will improve the ability to compare data across many countries, and will ultimately ensure that the results of monitoring are translated into measures for improving the conservation status of the freshwater pearl mussel throughout its range.
Tropical invertebrate response to marine reserves varies with protection duration, habitat type, and exploitation history
Authors: Gillespie Kyle M. , Vincent Amanda C.J. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Macroinvertebrates play a critical role in marine processes, are important in global fisheries, and make up the vast majority of ocean biodiversity, yet are largely overlooked in fisheries stock assessment and conservation. Marine reserves are a heavily advocated method for promoting recovery of marine biodiversity, but the design of reserves and the methods for evaluating their performance often neglect invertebrate taxa, instead assessing changes in fish abundance or biomass.
The purpose of this study is to (1) measure the impacts of no‐take marine reserves on marine macroinvertebrates, (2) identify the correlates of changes to macroinvertebrate abundance, and (3) determine if the typical taxa used to measure reserve success (finfish) can predict changes in invertebrate abundance.
Non‐coral, non‐sponge, macroinvertebrates were sampled inside and outside of 10 community‐managed marine reserves in the Central Philippines and compared with abundances found at distant fished sites.
Using generalized linear mixed effects models with multimodel inference, positive reserve effects were found in exploited invertebrate taxa both inside and outside of reserves (1.5–2.3 times greater abundances), but no effect was found in unfished taxa.
Habitat composition and complexity were consistently associated with higher invertebrate abundance. Most surprisingly, invertebrate abundance was not consistently predicted by that of fish.
These results indicate fish, in isolation, may not be an ideal indicator for biodiversity response to reserves, and habitat considerations are important when creating reserves that support invertebrates. These results are particularly relevant to practitioners in developing regions, where community‐managed reserves are common and invertebrates are important in fisheries.
Inhibition of fatty acid desaturation impairs cuticle differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Wang Yiwen , Maier Annette , Gehring Nicole , Moussian Bernard 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPreviously, we showed that inhibition of the activity of fatty acid desaturases (Desat) perturbs signalling of the developmental timing hormone ecdysone in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. To understand the impact of this effect on cuticle differentiation, a process regulated by ecdysone, we analysed the cuticle of
D. melanogaster larvae fed with the Desat inhibitor CA10556. In these larvae, the expression of most of the key cuticle genes is normal or slightly elevated at day one of CA10556 feeding. As an exception, expression of
twdlM coding for a yet uncharacterised cuticle protein is completely suppressed. The cuticle of these larvae appears to be normal at the morphological level. However, these animals are sensitive to desiccation, a trait that according to our data, among others, may be associated with reduced TwdlM amounts. At day two of CA10556 feeding, expression of most of the cuticle genes tested including
twdlM is suppressed. Expression of
cpr47Eb coding for a chitin‐binding protein is, by contrast, highly elevated suggesting that Cpr47Eb participates at a specific compensation program. Overall, the cuticle of these larvae is thinner than the cuticle of control larvae. Taken together, lipid desaturation is necessary for a coordinated deployment of a normal cuticle differentiation program.
Development of an educational virtual reality training system for marine engineers
Authors: Shen Haosheng , Zhang Jundong , Yang Baicheng , Jia Baozhu 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, an educational virtual reality training system named “DMS‐VLCC3D” has been developed to help students or marine engineers learn the working principle of the marine engineering system and improve their ability of practical operation in a more efficient and vivid way. During the stage of establishing the geometric model of the virtual marine engine room, optimization methods including instantiation modeling, functional nodes optimization, level of detail, and texture mapping optimization are adopted to improve the fluency of the virtual marine engine room and the loading speed of geometric model resource. Reasonable human‐machine interactive mechanism is designed to promote the development efficiency and simulation efficiency. Several auxiliary learning and training tools are designed to make the DMS‐VLCC3D become a self‐learning and training platform for the trainees. Additionally, to fit different training purposes, the system provides three training mode: standalone and multi‐user collaborative training and evaluation. At last, 60 seniors majored in marine engineering from Dalian Maritime University are selected to carry out an assessment experiment to study the learning effectiveness of DMS‐VLCC3D, which shows a promising result. This training system is currently used to train thousands of students majored in marine engineering in about 20 maritime universities in China.
Development and validation of nomograms integrating immune‐related genomic signatures with clinicopathologic features to improve prognosis and predictive value of triple‐negative breast cancer: A gene expression‐based retrospective study
Authors: Wang Kang , Li Hai‐Lin , Xiong Yong‐Fu , Shi Yang , Li Zhu‐Yue , Li Jie , Zhang Xiang , Li Hong‐Yuan 
Published: January 2019

AbstractPurposeAccumulating evidence indicated that triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) can stimulate stronger immune responses than other subtypes of breast cancer. We hypothesized that integrating immune‐related genomic signatures with clinicopathologic factors may yield a predictive accuracy exceeding that of the currently available system.MethodsTen signatures that reflect specific immunogenic or immune microenvironmental features of TNBC were identified and re‐analyzed using bioinformatic methods. Then, clinically annotated TNBC (n = 711) with the corresponding expression profiles, which predicted a patient's probability of disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), was pooled to evaluate their prognostic values and establish a clinicopathologic‐genomic nomogram. Three and two immune features were, respectively, selected out of 10 immune features to construct nomogram for DFS and OS prediction based on multivariate backward stepwise Cox regression analyses.ResultsBy integrating the above immune expression signatures with prognostic clinicopathologic features, clinicopathologic‐genomic nomograms were cautiously constructed, which showed reasonable prediction accuracies (DFS: HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.46‐2.18, P < 0.001; AUC, 0.71; OS: HR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.54‐2.49; P < 0.001; AUC, 0.73). The nomogram showed low‐risk subgroup had higher immune checkpoint molecules (PD‐L1, PD‐1, CTLA‐4, LAG‐3) expression and benefited from radiotherapy (HR, 0.2, 95% CI, 0.05‐0.89; P = 0.034) rather than chemotherapy (HR, 1.26, 95% CI, 0.66‐2.43; P = 0.485).ConclusionsThese findings offer evidence that immune‐related genomic data provide independent and complementary prognostic information for TNBC, and the nomogram might be a practical predictive tool to identify TNBC patients who would benefit from chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and upcoming popularity of immunotherapy.
Ontological and epistemological reflexivity: A core skill for therapists
Authors: Willig Carla 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper argues that a core skill needed to be an effective therapist is to have developed an awareness of one's own ontological and epistemological positions in relation to one's work as a therapist. In the same way that researchers need to develop reflexive awareness of their assumptions about what there is to know (ontology) and how they can come to know about it (epistemology), therapists need to be aware of their fundamental assumptions about human beings and the world they live in (ontology), as well as their beliefs about how best to develop an understanding of their clients and the meaning(s) of their experiences (epistemology). Regardless of which therapeutic model is adopted, the language used to talk about (and in) therapy, the kinds of questions asked of clients and the comments/interpretations offered, all presuppose and reinforce particular versions of human being and experiencing, which are themselves not usually questioned or challenged during the course of therapy. It is essential that therapists are aware of their own fundamental assumptions about what it means to be human and that they recognise their ontological and epistemological positions as positions that they are taking (rather than perceiving them to be self‐evident truths). This is important for two reasons: (a) if clients do not share the therapist's assumptions, the therapeutic work cannot proceed and be effective; and (b) without such an awareness, therapists are at risk of unwittingly imposing their own model of the person upon the client which raises ethical issues.
What's the subject? Brexit and politics as articulation
Authors: Clarke John , Newman Janet 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThis paper focuses on the moment of Brexit and its political aftermath in order to challenge dominant academic and popular conceptions of the political subject as singular and coherent. Instead, we suggest that there is an urgent political and analytical need for a view of the subject as multiple, contradictory, and dialogic. As interdisciplinary scholars working on the borders of policy studies and cultural studies, we think this is a critical site for transdisciplinary conversations about such conceptions of the subject. In the political field, such subjects are selectively and unevenly addressed and mobilized by political projects—such as Vote Leave—that invite them to recognize themselves as part of an imagined collective identity. In the twin disturbances of the European Union referendum and the 2017 general election, we suggest that it is possible to see that other voicings, other identifications, and other projects remain possible. Specific political mobilizations are neither singular nor stable.
The myths of Brexit
Authors: Cromby John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractCassirer's notion of myth and Langer's process philosophy are used to provide a novel perspective upon how feelings were both expressed and organised in the Brexit referendum, showing how multiple, overlapping organisations of feelings created a set of emergent rationalities. Political parties and campaigns, the media, and lived experience serve as analytic foci, and various feelings are identified. It is concluded that the result was largely rational on its own terms and that understanding this is central to the social psychology of Brexit.
Leave or remain? European identification, legitimacy of European integration, and political attitudes towards the EU
Authors: Sindic Denis , Chryssochoou Xenia , Condor Susan , Jasinskaja‐Lahti Inga , Bourguignon David , Waldzus Sven 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we look at the relationship between European identification and political support for (or opposition to) EU membership. First, we argue that conceptualizing political attitudes towards the EU as a direct product of European identification (a) neglects the distinction between the social reality of Europe and the political reality of the EU and (b) leads to psychological reductionism. We propose that the relationship should instead be conceptualized as mediated by legitimacy perceptions and as moderated by social‐level variables. Second, we look at three spheres of European integration and propose that their perceived legitimacy is appraised through the following principles: (a) normative solidarity for wealth sharing, (b) political authority for sharing political decisions, and (c) collective self‐realization for the sharing of practices. We illustrate the key mediating role of those principles by drawing on data from a survey ran across five European countries. Third, we argue that these meditational relationships are in turn moderated by social, political, and ideological realities and illustrate this point by looking at the case of United Kingdom in the context of the EU membership referendum. We point to an ideological assumption in the U.K. political landscape about the illegitimacy of EU supranational decision making and argue that this contributed to shape both the debate of the referendum campaign and its result.
The use of the political categories of Brexiter and Remainer in online comments about the EU referendum
Authors: Meredith Joanne , Richardson Emma 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn June 2016, the United Kingdom held a referendum on EU membership; 52% of those who voted, voted to leave, and 48% voted to remain. During the referendum campaign, two identities emerged: “Brexiter” and “Remainer,” which remained salient post‐referendum. This study explores how the categories of Brexiter and Remainer were deployed by posters online. Data comprise comment threads collected from four online newspapers both during the campaign and after the vote, which focus on the Brexit campaign promise: “We send £350m a week to the EU. Let's fund our NHS instead.” We draw on membership categorization analysis and discursive psychology to analyse when categories were made salient and what responses to the invocation of categories were. Analysis revealed that posters explicitly categorize the out‐group and in doing so implicitly define their group. Posters resisted other political identities when attributed to them in relation to the referendum. The analysis shows how Brexiter and Remainer are new, albeit contested, political categories and identities in their own right, with other political identities resisted when used. The paper highlights implications for the political system in the United Kingdom and for social divisions within U.K. society.
Glycosylated Cell‐Penetrating Peptides (GCPPs)
Authors: Gallego Iván , Rioboo Alicia , Reina José J. , Díaz Bernardo , Canales Ángeles , Cañada F. Javier , Guerra‐Varela Jorge , Sánchez Laura , Montenegro Javier 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe cell membrane regulates the exchange of molecules and information with the external environment. However, this control barrier hinders the delivery of exogenous bioactive molecules that can be applied to correct cellular malfunctions. Therefore, the traffic of macromolecules across the cell membrane represents a great challenge for the development of the next generation of therapies and diagnostic methods. Cell‐penetrating peptides are short peptide sequences capable of delivering a broad range of biomacromolecules across the cellular membrane. However, penetrating peptides still suffer from limitations, mainly related to their lack of specificity and potential toxicity. Glycosylation has emerged as a potential promising strategy for the biological improvement of synthetic materials. In this work we have developed a new convergent strategy for the synthesis of penetrating peptides functionalized with glycan residues by an oxime bond connection. The uptake efficiency and intracellular distribution of these glycopeptides have been systematically characterized by means of flow cytometry and confocal microscopy and in zebrafish animal models. The incorporation of these glycan residues into the peptide structure influenced the internalization efficiency and cellular toxicity of the resulting glycopeptide hybrids in the different cell lines tested. The results reported herein highlight the potential of the glycosylation of penetrating peptides to modulate their activity.