bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pragmatic strategy for implementing spatially correlated observation errors in an operational system: An application to Doppler radial winds
Authors: Simonin David , Waller Joanne A. , Ballard Susan P. , Dance Sarah L. , Nichols Nancy K. 
Published: June 2019

Recent research has shown that high‐resolution observations, such as Doppler radar radial winds, exhibit spatial correlations. High‐resolution observations are routinely assimilated into convection‐permitting numerical weather prediction models assuming their errors are uncorrelated. To avoid violating this assumption, observation density is severely reduced. To improve the quantity of observations used and the impact that they have on the forecast requires the introduction of full, correlated, error statistics. Some operational centres have introduced satellite inter‐channel observation‐error correlations and obtained improved analysis accuracy and forecast skill scores. Here we present a strategy for implementing spatially correlated observation errors in an operational system. We then provide the first demonstration of the practical feasibility of incorporating spatially correlated Doppler radial wind error statistics in the Met Office numerical weather prediction system.Inclusion of correlated Doppler radial winds error statistics has little impact on the computation cost of the data assimilation system, even with a fourfold increase in the number of Doppler radial winds observations assimilated. Using the correlated observation‐error statistics with denser observations produces increments with shorter length‐scales than the control. Initial forecast trials show a neutral to positive impact on forecast skill overall, notably for quantitative precipitation forecasts. There is potential to improve forecast skill by optimizing the use of Doppler radial winds and applying the technique to other observation types.
Nickel Nitride Particles Supported on 2D Activated Graphene–Black Phosphorus Heterostructure: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Wang Xiao , Li Qiaoxia , Shi Penghui , Fan Jinchen , Min Yulin , Xu Qunjie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHydrogen is regarded as the most promising green clean energy in the 21st century. Developing the highly efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is of great concern for the hydrogen industry. In the water electrolyzed reaction, the overpotential and the kinetics are the main hurdles for OER. Therefore, an efficient and durable oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalyst is required. In this study, an activated graphene (AG)–black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets hybrid is fabricated for supporting Ni3N particles (Ni3N/BP‐AG) in the application of OER. The Ni3N particles are combined with the BP‐AG heterostructure via facile mechanical ball milling under argon protection. The synthesized Ni3N/BP‐AG shows excellent catalytic performance toward the OER, demanding the overpotential of 233 mV for a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a Tafel slope of 42 mV dec−1. The Ni3N/BP‐AG catalysts also show remarkable stability with a retention rate of the current density of about 86.4% after measuring for 10 000 s in potentiostatic mode.
Impact of anaerobically digested biosolids characteristics and handling conditions on dewatering performance at multiple facilities
Authors: Bicudo José R. , Parker Wayne J. , Higgins Matthew J. , Morris Samantha , Gerber Jordan , Crowley Brett , Celmer‐Repin Dominika 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAnaerobically digested biosolids (ABD) characteristics that affect dewatering were assessed at three water resource recovery facilities (WRRF) with different handling practices. Dewatering performance at the three sites corresponded to different levels of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH4–N), and mono‐ and divalent cation concentrations in ADB. Capillary suction time (CST) and a modified centrifugal technique were used to determine optimum polymer doses and to assess the impact of handling conditions on dewatering performance. Both techniques indicated that polymer dosing between 15 and 20 kg/dry tonne was optimal for all facilities and that biosolids mixing and pumping did not significantly impact dewaterability. The CST values of anaerobically digested biosolids decreased as temperature increased, but no significant difference was found for either temperature or location of dewatering facilities. Sludge viscosity and rheological properties that vary with temperature appeared to have influenced CST values. Modified centrifugal technique results indicated cake solids were not affected by polymer make‐up water or ADB temperature when emulsion polymer was used. This study shows the value of laboratory testing of biosolids under controlled conditions to identify and correct potential problems in full‐scale operations.Practitioner points

Capillary suction time and a modified centrifugal technique were used to assess the impact of different process‐related and environmental factors on dewatering.

Higher concentrations of soluble COD (potentially extracellular polymeric substances ‐ EPS) and low calcium (Ca) in anaerobically digested biosolids align with reduced dewaterability.

Cell disruption and break down of floc structures due to storage/mixing and pumping of biosolids did not appear to negatively impact dewatering.

Modified centrifugal test results did not provide conclusive evidence of whether dewatering of anaerobically digested biosolids could be significantly impacted by temperature over the range 15–30°C, especially when emulsion polymer is used.

This study shows the value of laboratory testing of biosolids under controlled conditions to identify potential problems in the full‐scale operations.
Detection of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA before and after mammographic breast compression in a cohort of breast cancer patients scheduled for neoadjuvant treatment
Authors: Förnvik Daniel , Aaltonen Kristina E. , Chen Yilun , George Anthony M. , Brueffer Christian , Rigo Robert , Loman Niklas , Saal Lao H. , Rydén Lisa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Purpose
It is not known if mammographic breast compression of a primary tumor causes shedding of tumor cells into the circulatory system. Little is known about how the detection of circulating biomarkers such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is affected by breast compression intervention.

Methods
CTCs and ctDNA were analyzed in blood samples collected before and after breast compression in 31 patients with primary breast cancer scheduled for neoadjuvant therapy. All patients had a central venous access to allow administration of intravenous neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which enabled blood collection from superior vena cava, draining the breasts, in addition to sampling from a peripheral vein.

Results
CTC and ctDNA positivity was seen in 26% and 65% of the patients, respectively. There was a significant increase of ctDNA after breast compression in central blood (p = 0.01), not observed in peripheral testing. No increase related with breast compression was observed for CTC. ctDNA positivity was associated with older age (p = 0.05), and ctDNA increase after breast compression was associated with high Ki67 proliferating tumors (p = 0.04). CTCs were more abundant in central compared to peripheral blood samples (p = 0.04).

Conclusions
There was no significant release of CTCs after mammographic breast compression but more CTCs were present in central compared to peripheral blood. No significant difference between central and peripheral levels of ctDNA was observed. The small average increase in ctDNA after breast compression is unlikely to be clinically relevant. The results give support for mammography as a safe procedure from the point of view of CTC and ctDNA shedding to the blood circulation. The results may have implications for the standardization of sampling procedures for circulating tumor markers.
Implementation of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery program in elective colorectal surgery: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mercedes Cabellos Olivares , María Labalde Martínez , Miguel Torralba , Ramón Rodríguez Fraile José , Carlos Atance Martínez Juan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the results of an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol in elective colorectal surgery compared to the historical cohort of this hospital with standard care, in terms of hospital Length Of Stay (LOS), 30 days readmissions rate and 3–5 Clavien–Dindo Complications (CDC).
Methodology Data were collected from consecutive patients during 2 time periods, before (135 patients from hospital database) and after implementation of an ERAS protocol (121 with prospective follow up). Multivariate lineal or logistic regressions were used to assess the impact of ERAS program, adjusting by gender, age, laparoscopy and 3–5 CDC.
Results The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic and surgery details, with the exception of the operative approach, with increased use of laparoscopy in the ERAS group. The ERAS protocol decreased LOS (9.8 ± 3.7 vs. 11 ± 3.8, p = 0.018) without increasing 30 days readmission rate or the number of severe CDC. In a multivariate analysis, age and 3–5 CDC were independently associated with a longer LOS while male gender, ERAS protocol and laparoscopic surgery with a decreased LOS. 3–5 CDC increased readmissions (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 1.2–10.2) while laparoscopic surgery decreased them (OR = 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.8). ERAS improved compliance with secondary variables in a statistically significant way: more laparoscopic surgery; more regional analgesia in the intraoperative period; earlier adherence to ambulation; faster onset of oral liquid diet and analgesia by mouth; and lower requirements of opioids.
Conclusions ERAS protocol and laparoscopic surgery decreased LOS without increasing 30 days readmission rate. Severe CDC increased LOS and readmissions.
Exposure to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill, Associated Resource Loss, and Long-Term Mental and Behavioral Outcomes
Authors: Ramchand Rajeev , Seelam Rachana , Parks Vanessa , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Lee Matthew R. , Finucane Melissa 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to (1) assess the long-term mental and behavioral health outcomes of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill of residents in the Gulf Coast and to (2) identify populations that may be particularly vulnerable to future disasters.Methods:The Survey of Trauma, Resilience, and Opportunity in Neighborhoods in the Gulf (STRONG) is a population-representative sample of 2520 coastal residents surveyed in Texas, Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida in 2016. We present prevalence estimates for positive screens of depression, anxiety, and alcohol misuse, as well as receipt of health care services. We examine differences in these outcomes across states, affected occupational groups, and demographic groups.Results:Resource loss attributed to the spill was associated with positive screens for depression and anxiety. Almost 50% of adults screened positive for depression, anxiety, or alcohol misuse, but less than 20% of these currently access mental health care. Black residents were less likely to have health insurance and a usual source of care but were more likely to have visited the emergency room in the past 12 months.Conclusions:Surveillance data from STRONG can help policy-makers and other stakeholders develop targeted approaches to foster resilience, particularly among vulnerable populations, and thereby mitigate the effects of future disasters.
“Tatprovokation” – The Legal Issue of Entrapment in Germany and Possible Solutions
Authors: Görlitz Franziska , Hubert Juliane , Kucher Jasmin , Scheffer Moritz , Wieser Patrick 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIncitement by police officers is a well-known and often utilized police measure in the German investigation process. Yet, when it comes to prosecuting the perpetrators, a moral conflict arises. Should a State, bound by its own constitution and committed to protect its citizens, be allowed to incite or support a possible offender and afterwards judge on his or her wrongful actions? After Germany’s higher courts had to deal with multiple cases of entrapped perpetrators, there has been a strong debate about the admissibility, requirements, and consequences of entrapment within the German legal system. International and national courts as well as scholars represent different legal standpoints in this regard. In particular, the approaches of the European Court of Human Rights and the German Federal Court of Justice differ significantly in their results. As Germany ratified the European Convention on Human Rights and therefore has to adhere to the European Court of Human Rights’ ruling, an additional legal conflict arises. This article depicts and discusses the most relevant approaches to resolve this moral and legal conflict and satisfy both the need for effective prosecution and the procedural rights of the individual person subject to the act of entrapment. Additionally, recent legislative ambitions are presented.
Personality testing and the Americans With Disabilities Act: Cause for concern as normal and abnormal personality models are integrated
Authors: Melson-Silimon Arturia , Harris Alexandra M. , Shoenfelt Elizabeth L. , Miller Joshua D. , Carter Nathan T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractApplied psychologists commonly use personality tests in employee selection systems because of their advantages regarding incremental criterion-related validity and less adverse impact relative to cognitive ability tests. Although personality tests have seen limited legal challenges in the past, we posit that the use of personality tests might see increased challenges under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) due to emerging evidence that normative personality and personality disorders belong to common continua. This article aims to begin a discussion and offer initial insight regarding the possible implications of this research for personality testing under the ADA. We review past case law, scholarship in employment law, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) guidance regarding “medical examinations,” and recent literature from various psychology disciplines—including clinical, neuropsychology, and applied personality psychology—regarding the relationship between normative personality and personality disorders. More importantly, we review suggestions proposing the five-factor model (FFM) be used to diagnose personality disorders (PDs) and recent changes in theDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM). Our review suggests that as scientific understanding of personality progresses, practitioners will need to exercise evermore caution when choosing personality measures for use in selection systems. We conclude with six recommendations for applied psychologists when developing or choosing personality measures.
Late Quaternary lake-level and climate changes in arid central Asia inferred from sediments of Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, northwestern China
Authors: Zhou Jianchao , Wu Jinglu , Ma Long , Qiang Mingrui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractArid central Asia plays an important role in global climate dynamics, but large uncertainties remain in our understanding of the region's hydroclimate variability during the Late Quaternary. Here we present a new, high-resolution record of lacustrine sediment grain-size and element chemistry from Ebinur Lake, which was used to infer lake conditions and related climate changes in the study region between ca. 39.2 and 3.6 ka. End-member modeling analysis of grain-size data and PCA of elemental data show that lake level fluctuated dramatically from 39.2 to 34.0 ka. Subsequently, Ebinur Lake experienced a high stand from 34.0 to 28.0 ka, under humid climate conditions. The subsequent period, from 28.0 to 12.0 ka, was characterized by lake regression under dry climate conditions, whereas afterward (12.0–3.6 ka), considerably higher lake levels and humid conditions again prevailed. Millennial-scale abrupt climate changes, such as Heinrich events (H3 and H1) and the Younger Dryas, which are documented in the North Atlantic region, are also detected in the sediment record from Ebinur Lake. Comparisons with other sediment records from arid central Asia generally support the claim that climate change in this region was influenced mainly by variations in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures, through the westerlies.
A case–control study on dietary quality indices and glioma
Authors: Sadeghi Omid , Shayanfar Mehdi , Mohammad-Shirazi Minoo , Sharifi Giuve , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNo study is available that has assessed the association of dietary diversity score (DDS) and alternative healthy eating index (AHEI) with glioma. The present study aimed to assess this association in Iranian adults. Overall, 128 pathologically confirmed cases of glioma were enrolled from hospitals and 256 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited from other wards of the hospital between 2009 and 2011. Dietary assessment was done using a validated block-format 123-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Dietary indices including DDS and AHEI-2010 were constructed according to standard methods. After controlling for potential confounders, a significant inverse association was found between DDS and risk of glioma (OR 0·42, 95 % CI 0·19, 0·94). Such finding was also seen when further adjustment was made for BMI; such that participants in the highest quartile of DDS were 56 % less likely to have glioma compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR 0·44, 95 % CI, 0·20, 0·97). In addition, a significant inverse association was found between adherence to AHEI and glioma; such that in the fully adjusted model, participants in the fourth quartile of AHEI had 74 % lower risk of glioma compared with those in the first quartile (OR 0·26, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·56). In conclusion, we found that greater adherence to the healthy, as measured by AHEI, and diverse, as measured by DDS, diets was associated with decreased odds of glioma.
EMPIRE AND NATION IN BRITISH FUTURE-WAR AND INVASION-SCARE FICTION, 1871–1914
Authors: MELBY CHRISTIAN K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe British wrote and read a large quantity of fictional depictions of future wars and invasions in the period between 1871 and 1914, imagining the various ways in which a great war might look before the real conflict broke out. This article outlines the ways in which this form of literature described a British world united across time and space. The stories have traditionally been read as indicative of a societal fear of invasion, of imperial decline, or of the dangers of revolutionary upheaval. The article argues that the stories’ popularity can instead be traced to the way they included their readers in the experience of invasion and conflict, and how they were well suited to the era of modern mass newspapers. The article therefore concludes that earlier interpretations of how readers engaged with such fiction has underestimated how a varied readership could view the stories as entertaining spectacles where they were invited to participate. As such, the article offers a new interpretation of an important literary genre as well as of British pre-war political culture.
Measuring dynamic Eustachian tube function using tympanometry in a pressure chamber: the effect of nasal betahistine application
Authors: Franz B K-H G , Patuzzi R , Wraight C J , Kay G , Ng A , Anderson C R 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of topical betahistine on Eustachian tube function in subjectively abnormal subjects in a hyperbaric chamber.MethodActive and passive Eustachian tube function was examined using tympanometry in a pressure chamber.ResultsActive Eustachian tube function was tested against the negative middle ear pressure induced by increasing the chamber pressure to +3 kPa. One voluntary swallow decreased middle-ear pressure by a mean of 1.36 kPa. Passive Eustachian tube function was tested by measuring spontaneous Eustachian tube openings as the chamber pressure dropped from +10 kPa to ambient. Four distinct patterns of Eustachian tube behaviour were seen, three of which indicated Eustachian tube dysfunction. Betahistine had no positive effect on Eustachian tube opening, although previous animal studies had suggested a beneficial effect.ConclusionTopical betahistine had no effect on Eustachian tube function. Combining a hyperbaric chamber with tympanometry proved ideal for evaluating Eustachian tube function.
Performance of Single- versus Multi-Species Recovery Plans in Brazil
Authors: Rejis Baptista Joyce , Giné Gaston Andrés Fernandez , Schiavetti Alexandre 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn Brazil, 64 recovery plans are currently focused on single or multiple species. We aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in effectiveness and efficiency in the implementation of the two types of animal protection plans. We selected 16 plans, eight of each type. In addition, we analysed which of the 12 operational attributes of elaboration and execution contributed to the effectiveness (percentage of completed actions and threat reduction assessment) and efficiency (cost per action completed and cost per threat reduction) of the Brazilian action plans. Some metrics were obtained using questionnaires, while others were from the monitoring data sheets. Mann–Whitney tests and selected generalized additive models indicated that the single-species plans completed a higher percentage of actions, but there were no differences in threat reduction or efficiency metrics between the two action plans. In general, the percentage of completed actions was positively influenced by the coordination centre, time of participation of articulators, number of monitoring meetings, number of articulators, articulators’ exchange rate and rate of exclusion of actions. The results of this plan performance assessment could help participants make adjustments and assist in the design of future plans.
Use It or Lose It? A 5-Year Follow-up Study of Goal Management Training in Patients with Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Tornås Sveinung , Løvstad Marianne , Solbakk Anne-Kristin , Schanke Anne-Kristine , Stubberud Jan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectives:To determine the perceived 5-year outcome of Goal Management Training (GMT) for individuals with chronic acquired brain injury and executive dysfunction, when compared to a nonspecific psychoeducational intervention (Brain Health Workshop, BHW).Methods:Of the 67 subjects in the initial randomized controlled trial [Tornås et al. (2016). Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 1–17], 50 (GMT, n = 21; BHW, n = 29) subjects returned written consent and questionnaires (54% male, age 45.8 ± 10.9 years). The 5-year follow-up consisted of two questionnaires, including the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for daily life executive function (EF) and Quality of Life after Brain Injury to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Changes related to daily life EF and HRQoL were assessed pre-treatment, post-treatment, 6-month follow-up, and 5-year follow-up. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 4 mixed-design ANOVA.Results:The findings indicate that GMT is efficacious in improving EF and HRQoL 6-month post-treatment. However, these changes failed to remain significant at 5-year follow-up.Conclusions:Data from 50 participants receiving either GMT or BHW suggested that the significant GMT-related improvements on perceived EF and HRQoL observed at 6-month follow-up were no longer present at 5-year follow-up. These findings indicate a need to promote maintenance of interventions post-treatment.