bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student Activists or Student Anarchists? South Africa’s Contemporary Student Protests Reviewed
Authors: Rapatsa Mashele 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Just over twenty-three years ago, the right to strike or protest received an explicit constitutional entrenchment and thus, legal protection. This would progressively empower citizens, including students, to protest against any infringement or deprivation of their rights or entitlements, and poor service delivery by any stakeholder in the institutions of learning, the government or private sector even. Today, South Africa is inundated with multiplicity of nationwide protests, most of which have been accompanied by appalling levels of violence, anarchy and criminality. Unexpectedly, students have had their share in such protests, and it could be argued, they have been an inspiration to various communities. Hence, this article proffers a critical reflection of the conduct of students during protests at the institutions of higher learning. The article seeks to understand and or explain variables that motivate students to vandalise property or antagonise those that opt to be passive or non-participants of such protests. In comparison to variables identified concerning the 1976 student protests, which were ideologically well grounded, the article attempts to describe contemporary students’ thinking towards protests and why vandalism and anarchism have become, not only conventional, but so intensely socialised. The article adopts content analysis method, and employs crowd theory and collective behaviour approach as tools of analysis. It is asserted that lack of ideological strategy underpinning South Africa’s unending revolution, which is needed to inform students’ struggles, is responsible for pervasive tendencies of vandalism and destruction of property during student protests.
Can Confirmation Measures Reflect Statistically Sound Dependencies in Data? The Concordance-based Assessment
Authors: Susmaga Robert , Szczęch Izabela 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The paper considers particular interestingness measures, called confirmation measures (also known as Bayesian confirmation measures), used for the evaluation of “if evidence, then hypothesis” rules. The agreement of such measures with a statistically sound (significant) dependency between the evidence and the hypothesis in data is thoroughly investigated. The popular confirmation measures were not defined to possess such form of agreement. However, in error-prone environments, potential lack of agreement may lead to undesired effects, e.g. when a measure indicates either strong confirmation or strong disconfirmation, while in fact there is only weak dependency between the evidence and the hypothesis. In order to detect and prevent such situations, the paper employs a coefficient allowing to assess the level of dependency between the evidence and the hypothesis in data, and introduces a method of quantifying the level of agreement (referred to as a concordance) between this coefficient and the measure being analysed. The concordance is characterized and visualised using specialized histograms, scatter-plots, etc. Moreover, risk-related interpretations of the concordance are introduced. Using a set of 12 confirmation measures, the paper presents experiments designed to establish the actual concordance as well as other useful characteristics of the measures.
White and beige adipocytes: are they metabolically distinct?
Authors: Sepa-Kishi Diane M. , Ceddia Rolando B. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The white adipose tissue (WAT) exhibits great plasticity and can undergo “browning” and acquire features of the brown adipose tissue (BAT), which takes place following cold exposure, chronic endurance exercise or β3-adrenergic stimulation. WAT that underwent browning is characterized by the presence of “beige” adipocytes, which are morphologically similar to brown adipocytes, express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and are considered thermogenically competent. Thus, inducing a BAT-like phenotype in the WAT could promote energy dissipation within this depot, reducing the availability of substrate that would otherwise be stored in the WAT. Importantly, BAT in humans only represents a small proportion of total body mass, which limits the thermogenic capacity of this tissue. Therefore, browning of the WAT could significantly expand the energy-dissipating capacity of the organism and be of therapeutic value in the treatment of metabolic diseases. However, the question remains as to whether WAT indeed changes its metabolic profile from an essentially fat storage/release compartment to an energy dissipating compartment that functions much like BAT. Here, we discuss the differences with respect to thermogenic capacity and metabolic characteristics between white and beige adipocytes to determine whether the latter cells indeed significantly enhance their capacity to dissipate energy through UCP1-mediated mitochondrial uncoupling or by the activation of alternative UCP1-independent futile cycles.
The effect of lncRNA HOTAIR on chemoresistance of ovarian cancer through regulation of HOXA7
Authors: Liu Siwei , Lei Huajiang , Luo Fangyuan , Li Yilin , Xie Lan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
This study aimed at investigating the biological functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) in resistant ovarian cancer cells, exploring the regulation effect of HOTAIR on HOXA7, and investigating their influence on the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied for the verification of HOTAIR expression in resistant and sensitive groups. How HOTAIR downregulation affected cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and apoptosis were determined using the MTT assay and the colony formation assay, the Transwell assay and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to inspect the protein expression of HOXA7 in resistant and sensitive ovarian cancer tissues. The regulation relationship between HOTAIR and HOXA7 was investigated by qRT-PCR and Western blot. The effect of HOTAIR and HOXA7 on tumor growth was confirmed by the tumor xenograft model of nude mice. By knocking down HOXA7, HOTAIR downregulation restrained the ovarian cancer deterioration in functional experiments. Silencing of HOTAIR and HOXA7 could effectively inhibit tumor growth and increase chemosensitivity of ovarian tumors in nude mice. Downregulation of HOTAIR negatively affected the survival and activity of resistant ovarian cancer cells, and suppressed the expression of HOXA7. Silencing of HOTAIR and HOXA7 could increase the chemosensitivity of ovarian cancer cells, thus suppressing tumor development.
Psychometric evaluation of the revised Sense of Humor Scale and the construction of a parallel form
Authors: Ruch Willibald , Heintz Sonja 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
McGhee (1996, Health, healing and the amuse system: Humor as survival training. Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt; 1999, Health, healing and the amuse system: Humor as survival training (3rd edition). Dubuque: Kendall/Hunt) proposed a model of the sense of humor including the six “humor skills” of enjoyment of humor, laughter, verbal humor, finding humor in everyday life, laughing at yourself, and humor under stress, measured with the Sense of Humor Scale (SHS). The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SHS (revised version from 1999) and to develop a parallel form of the SHS to double the amount of items for each humor skill. Combing these two forms should yield reliable and factorially valid scales of the six humor skills. Participants in two online studies (n=315 and 542) completed the SHS and its parallel form, along with measures of various outcomes. The psychometric properties of the SHS were of mixed quality, and those of the parallel form were uniformly good. The parallel-test reliability was sufficiently high to regard the two scales as parallel versions. Combining the two measures resulted in reliable and distinguishable scales of the six humor skills. All humor skills correlated positively with humor-related attitude and mood, cheerfulness, and life satisfaction. Importantly, they spanned different dimensions of the sense of humor, underscoring the usefulness of each humor skill.
Development and Characterization of a Novel Ecofriendly Biodegradable Whey Protein Concentrate Film with nano-SiO2
Authors: Hassannia-Kolaee Mahbobeh , Shahabi-Ghahfarrokhi Iman , Hassannia-Kolaee Maryam 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Nowadays, researchers have attracted to substitute petroleum-based materials by biopolymers due to limitation of petroleum resources and environmental concerns. Nano-fillers were used to reduce some drawbacks of biopolymers as packaging materials. Nanocomposite films composed of 5 % (wt% dry base) whey protein concentrate (WPC), 30 % glycerol, (1 %, 3 %, and 5 %) nano-SiO2 (NS). The films were prepared by solution casting method. Tensile strength of WPC/NS nanocomposites increased around 50 % compared to WPC by increasing NS content up to 3 %. While elongation at break (EB) decreased around 20 % compared to WPC, simultaneously. But at high NS content (5 %), EB decreased to 17.93 %. Sensibility of WPC/NS nanocomposites film to water and water vapor permeability was decreased with increasing NS content up to 3 %. NS content was an effective factor on the color properties of the films. SEM micrographs revealed uniform distribution of NS into polymer matrix at low NS content. Consequently, crystallinity and thermal properties of the film were improved by adding NS content as compared to WPC film. It seems NS can improve some drawbacks of WPC such as mechanical weakness, hydrophilic properties as a packaging material and allowing the development of biodegradable bionanocomposite.
Non-Linear Demand in a Linear Town
Authors: Torshizi Mohammad , Fulton Murray E. , Gray Richard S. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In Hotelling’s linear town model characteristics are implicitly assumed to be related in such a way that preferences for them can be mapped into a one-dimensional town. This results in perfectly correlated willingness to pay levels. Many differentiated products, however, embody characteristics that are functionally at least somewhat unrelated to other characteristics. This paper makes the implicit assumption of perfectly correlated preferences in the original Hotelling model explicit, and examine the implications of this assumption for the economics of competition. We develop a simple theoretical model to show that shape of the demand curve for differentiated products depends on distribution of consumers’ preferences, which is determined by the nature of the relationship between the corresponding characteristics. Misrepresentation of correlated preferences in differentiated product models impacts demand elasticity and can result in unreliable outcomes. This issue is particularly important in agricultural and food markets where many factors such as expectations about weather and information on social media can impact consumer ranking of one product versus another in ways that are not fully observable or measurable by the researcher.
Investigating the changes in amino acid values in premature infants: a pilot study
Authors: Yang Yuqi , Yu Bin , Long Wei , Wang Huaiyan , Wang Ying , Chen Yunjuan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background:
The objective of the study was to investigate the changes in amino acid (AAs) values in premature infants.

Methods:
A total of 2159 premature and/or low birth weight infants were recruited for this study. They were divided into three groups: premature infants with normal birth weight (G1), simple low birth weight infants (G2) and premature combined with low birth weight infants (G3). The tandem mass spectrometry technique was used to detect the levels of 11 AAs in neonatal blood.

Results:
Compared with normal babies, there were eight and five AAs that significantly changed in G1 and G2, respectively. It was worth noting that the changes greatly exacerbated when the babies were both premature and of low birth weight. All the levels of AAs demonstrated significant changes in G3 compared with the normal control group (G4). With the increase in gestational age, the AAs in premature infants tended to the levels in normal newborns. Meanwhile, there was a correlation between AAs and birth weight. Four AAs significantly changed with the increase in body weight. Among normal newborns, the levels of AAs in girls were significantly higher than in boys. However, if the newborns were premature or had low birth weight, the differences between AA values and sexual distinction would decrease. In the end, we established the specific reference ranges of AAs for premature and/or low birth weight infants.

Conclusions:
There were significant differences in AAs in the premature and/or low birth weight infants. Gestational age and birth weight were two important factors inflecting the AAs metabolism.
Riesgo marítimo, astrología y devoción en Roma
Authors: Nuño Antón Alvar 
Published: February 2018

Summary:
It is generally assumed that the religiosity of sailors in ancient Rome was nourished by an atavistic fear of the sea. This paper suggests that individual motivations varied. In the concrete case of vessel owners, shippers and traders, astrology and votive offerings were cultural dispositives to reduce risk perception and to stimulate merchant activity complementary to the fiscal stimuli to protect the costs of wreck in case of „force majeure“.
Fast and Robust Orientation of Cryo-Electron
Microscopy Images
Authors: Xu Guoliang , Wang Xia , Li Ming , Jing Zhucui 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
We present an efficient and reliable algorithm for determining the orientations of noisy images
obtained fromprojections of a three-dimensional object. Based on the linear relationship among the common
line vectors in one image plane, we construct a sparse matrix, and show that the coordinates of the common
line vectors are the eigenvectors of the matrix with respect to the eigenvalue 1. The projection directions and
in-plane rotation angles can be determined fromthese coordinates. A robust computation method of common
lines in the real space using aweighted cross-correlation function is proposed to increase the robustness of the
algorithm against the noise. A small number of good leading images, which have the maximal dissimilarity,
are used to increase the reliability of orientations and improve the efficiency for determining the orientations
of all the images. Numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient.
Crystal structure of dimethylammonium bis(naphthalene-2,3-diolato)borate, C22H20BNO4
Authors: Tombul Mustafa , Güven Kutalmış , Bulut Adnan , Svoboda Ingrid , Fuess Hartmut 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
C22H20BNO4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 32.303(4) Å, b = 8.2703(6) Å, c = 7.3876(6) Å, β = 92.889(8)°, V = 1971.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0978, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2063, T = 298 K.
Control panel and indicators for production control in building projects
Authors: Orihuela Pablo , Pacheco Santiago , Orihuela Jorge 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In general, every project should have indicators that monitor compliance with established goals. In con­struction projects, there are a large number of indicators proposed by many researchers; however, an analysis of the state of the art shows a frequent confusion between Result, Process and Leading Indicators. This paper, which is an extended version of the paper sub­mitted by the same authors at the Creative Construction Conference 2017 and published in Procedia Engineering (DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.07.230), presents a proposal of these three types of indicators for the design, supply and assembly phases of housing projects. Thus, all project stakeholders can have a control panel that will monitor if an indicator exceeds the limits, thereby allowing taking corrective actions in a timely and effective manner.
Imported anthropogenic bacteria may survive the Antarctic winter and introduce new genes into local bacterial communities
Authors: Brat Kristian , Sedlacek Ivo , Sevcikova Alena , Merta Zdenek , Laska Kamil , Sevcik Pavel 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe studied dynamic changes in anthropogenic bacterial communities at a summer-operated Czech research base (theMendelResearch Station) in the Antarctic during 2012 and 2013. We observed an increase in total numbers of detected bacteria between the beginning and the end of each stay in the Antarctic. In the first series of samples, bacteria ofBacillussp. predominated. Surprisingly, high numbers of Gram-positive cocci and coliforms were found (including opportunistic human pathogens), although the conditions for bacterial life were unfavourable (Antarctic winter). In the second series of samples, coliforms and Gram-positive cocci predominated. Dangerous human pathogens were also detected.Yersinia enterocoliticawas identified as serotype O:9. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed medium-to-high resistance rates to ampicillin, cefalotin, cefuroxime, amoxicillin-clavulanate and gentamicin in Enterobacteriaceae. 16S rRNA sequencing showed high rates of accordance between nucleotide sequences among the tested strains. Three conclusions were drawn: (1) Number of anthropogenic bacteria were able to survive the harsh conditions of the Antarctic winter (inside and outside the polar station). Under certain circumstances (e.g.impaired immunity), the surviving bacteria might pose a health risk to the participants of future expeditions or to other visitors to the base. (2) The bacteria released into the outer environment might have impacts on local ecosystems. (3) New characteristics (e.g.resistance to antibiotics) may be introduced into local bacterial communities.
Methodology of Dynamic Monitoring of Structures in the Vicinity of Hydrotechnical Works – Selected Case Studies
Authors: Wyjadłowski Marek 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The constant development of geotechnical technologies imposes the necessity of monitoring techniques to provide a proper quality and the safe execution of geotechnical works. Several monitoring methods enable the preliminary design of work process and current control of hydrotechnical works (pile driving, sheet piling, ground improvement methods). Wave parameter measurements and/or continuous histogram recording of shocks and vibrations and its dynamic impact on engineering structures in the close vicinity of the building site enable the modification of the technology parameters, such as vibrator frequency or hammer drop height. Many examples of practical applications have already been published and provide a basis for the formulation of guidelines, for work on the following sites. In the current work the author’s experience gained during sheet piling works for the reconstruction of City Channel in Wrocław (Poland) was presented. The examples chosen describe ways of proceedings in the case of new and old residential buildings where the concrete or masonry walls were exposed to vibrations and in the case of the hydrotechnical structures (sluices, bridges).
The Collis Procedure and the Acquired Short Esophagus
Authors: Radovanovic Dragce , Pavlovic Mladen , Canovic Dragan , Lazic Dejan , Cvetkovic Aleksandar , Spasic Marko , Stojanovic Bojan , Milosevic Bojan 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
One of the most intriguing problems in modern esophageal surgery is the acquired short esophagus. While some authors recognize this entity, others deny its existence. There is a consensus about types of the short esophagus, its etiology and pathophysiology. Definitive diagnosis can be established only intraoperatively. There are a few surgical procedures for this problem, and most frequently is used Collis gastroplasty with fundoplication. In this review we emphasize recent literature data and further perspectives of the Collis procedure.
Does Lewis basicity correlate with catalytic performance in zerovalent group 8 complexes?
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Brunecker Carina , Dewhurst Rian D. , Schneider Christoph 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A set of 18 zerovalent group 8 metal complexes of the form [ML
n
(CO)5−

n
] (M=Fe, Ru, Os; L=neutral donor; n=0–2) were screened for their catalytic performance in aldehyde hydrosilylation and olefin hydroboration reactions. Although none of the untested catalysts were found to perform better than the previously-published complex [Fe(CO)4(IMes)] (IMes=1,3-Dimesityliidazol-2-ylidene), the results suggest that the Lewis basicity of the metal complex does not play a critical role in the catalysis of these two reactions.
Growth Hormone Research Society perspective on biomarkers of GH action in children and adults
Authors: Johannsson Gudmundur , Bidlingmaier Martin , Biller Beverly M K , Boguszewski Margaret , Casanueva Felipe F , Chanson Philippe , Clayton Peter E , Choong Catherine S , Clemmons David , Dattani Mehul , Frystyk Jan , Ho Ken , Hoffman Andrew R , Horikawa Reiko , Juul Anders , Kopchick John J , Luo Xiaoping , Neggers Sebastian , Netchine Irene , Olsson Daniel S , Radovick Sally , Rosenfeld Ron , Ross Richard J , Schilbach Katharina , Solberg Paulo , Strasburger Christian , Trainer Peter , Yuen Kevin C J , Wickstrom Kerstin , Jorgensen Jens O L , _ _ 
Published: February 2018

Objective
The Growth Hormone Research Society (GRS) convened a Workshop in 2017 to evaluate clinical endpoints, surrogate endpoints and biomarkers during GH treatment of children and adults and in patients with acromegaly.

Participants
GRS invited 34 international experts including clinicians, basic scientists, a regulatory scientist and physicians from the pharmaceutical industry.

Evidence
Current literature was reviewed and expert opinion was utilized to establish the state of the art and identify current gaps and unmet needs.

Consensus process
Following plenary presentations, breakout groups discussed questions framed by the planning committee. The attendees re-convened after each breakout session to share the group reports. A writing team compiled the breakout session reports into a document that was subsequently discussed and revised by participants. This was edited further and circulated for final review after the meeting. Participants from pharmaceutical companies were not part of the writing process.

Conclusions
The clinical endpoint in paediatric GH treatment is adult height with height velocity as a surrogate endpoint. Increased life expectancy is the ideal but unfeasible clinical endpoint of GH treatment in adult GH-deficient patients (GHDA) and in patients with acromegaly. The pragmatic clinical endpoints in GHDA include normalization of body composition and quality of life, whereas symptom relief and reversal of comorbidities are used in acromegaly. Serum IGF-I is widely used as a biomarker, even though it correlates weakly with clinical endpoints in GH treatment, whereas in acromegaly, normalization of IGF-I may be related to improvement in mortality. There is an unmet need for novel biomarkers that capture the pleiotropic actions of GH in relation to GH treatment and in patients with acromegaly.