bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selected determinants of the professional identity of dietitian in the context of legal regulations on the practice of dietitian in Poland and the European Union
Authors: Skrzypek Michał , Pachocka Lucyna , Goral Karolina , Partycka-Skrzypek Adamina 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
The subject of the article is the present status of the profession of dietitian in the Polish healthcare system, taking into account the analysis of the current legislation in force that defines the principles of employment of dietitians and the practice of the dietitian in Poland in the context of relevant provisions of the EU law, with emphasis on the position of dieticians in the health-care systems of selected European Union countries. The study advances the thesis that the current status of the profession of dietitian in Poland reflects its incomplete professionalization manifested in the lack of legal regulations on the principles of its practice that are applied in the case of other medical professions. A consequence of the present, comparatively low status of the profession of dietitian in Poland is, inter alia, the hindered availability of professional clinical dietetics counseling under public health insurance, as well as the practice of the profession as a business activity by individuals whose professional qualifications are not subject to verification by professional regulatory bodies. This produces a risk to patients, arising from the fact that interventions not verified by the EBM paradigm are nevertheless implemented as part of dietary counseling.
Midwife’s professional functions prescribed by the law
Authors: Iwanowicz-Palus Grażyna Jolanta , Krysa Justyna , Korżyńska-Piętas Magdalena , Rzońca Ewa , Bień Agnieszka 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A midwife is an independent medical profession regulated by law. It is treated as a mission, a profession of public trust. The independence of midwife expresses in the professional activities which are performed in accordance with professional competences. Moreover, it is a universal feature of the midwife profession. International and national regulations are important in process of shaping the legal status of the midwife profession. Due to its nature, this profession requires from the midwives continuous, lifelong learning and professional improvement. National and European legislation on midwife profession indicates professional functions which are characteristic for this profession. Knowledge of professional legislation and its conscious application in professional practice is a basic obligation in the midwife’s practice. Lack of knowledge in this regard has serious legal and moral consequences, as well as might pose a risk to the patient safety. This study contains an analysis of the legislation that determine the professional functions of midwives and influence the rules of the professional performance for midwifery profession.
Prestige of the medical profession. Is there a connection between feminization and decreased prestige?
Authors: Bogusz Renata 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction. Since the dawn of time, one of the characteristics of the medical profession has been its high prestige. It should be underlined, however, that up until the middle of the 19th century doctors were almost exclusively men. For women, who on the wave of emancipation movements, sought to obtain formal opportunities for becoming a physician, studying medicine and obtaining medical practices were rendered impossible and ultimately hindered due to sex discrimination. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the medical profession has begun to succumb to feminization and women’s domination has remained till this day.

Aim. The aim of this article is to present results of research analyzing the position of female doctors in the hierarchy of professional prestige.

Material and methods. Results presented in the article are an outcome of qualitative and quantitative questionnaire studies. Quantitative studies were conducted in 2018 on a representative group of 600 adult Poles. In qualitative research, 29 direct interviews with female doctors were conducted. The research sample was selected using snowball sampling. The respondents were physicians with different seniority who were in the process of specialization or with the title of specialist in the field of eighteen medical specialties.

Results. Among twenty of the evaluated professions, the highest positions in the hierarchy of prestige was obtained by physicians, firefighters and university professors. In direct interviews, female doctors confirmed that their profession enjoys societies’ respect; however, the level of respect for numerous reasons has decreased compared to the past. Some of the respondents attributed this fall to feminization of medicine.

Conclusions. A discrepancy was observed between the physicians’ and society’s opinions. In physicians’ opinion, for various reasons (also due to feminization), the prestige of the medical profession has significantly decreased compared to the past.
The specificity of the individual professional practice of midwives with regard to home births. Analysis of the ‘relationship field’
Authors: Nowakowska Luiza 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction. By virtue of the Act of 5 July 1996 on the occupation of nurses and midwives, a midwife in Poland has full professional autonomy. The Act does not forbid conduct of individual practice outside of a hospital.

Aim. The purpose of the article is to present practical execution of individual practice of assisting during home birth with regard to relations between the midwife and the woman giving birth.

Materials and methods. The issues presented in the article are a part of broader research concerning home births in Poland. The research was commenced in 2014 and finalized in 2018. The analysis concerned statements of women who decided not to give birth in a hospital. I obtained the empirical material through in-depth interviews and I referred to data existing in the form of e.g. blog entries. Finally, I collected 40 descriptions of home births. They underwent a qualitative analysis with the use of the grounded theory methodology and the social world theory.

Results. The outcome of the research is a multifaceted “sociological portrait” of the world of women, which implement an alternative to the hospital birth scenario. In the article, I limit myself to the presentation of mechanisms of transformation of midwife-birthing woman relations from professionally neutral to emotionally involved: mutual appreciation, balancing of positions, comprehensive qualification, systematic maintenance of relations, and feminization of birth. I also presented the principles of cooperation with the birthing woman during home birth: constant and imperceptible presence, following a woman, patient accompaniment, support, animation of bonds, and respect for the ceremony. The whole discussion depicts the special character of the individual practice of midwives with regard to the field of relations.

Conclusion. Reference to childbirth experiences allowed for identifying potential expectations of women planning to have children towards the midwife’s profession, as well as the possible paths of professional development of representatives of this profession, especially in the face of the growing awareness and autonomy of people using health care services. These issues may also be treated as an element of a broader discussion on the shape of an optimum pre- and post-natal care.
Systematic Review: Targeting HER2 in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Koshkin Vadim S. , O’Donnell Peter , Yu Evan Y. , Grivas Petros 
Published: January 2019

Background: HER2 (ErbB2) is a receptor of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER) family whose role in oncogenesis of numerous malignancies is well described. Drugs targeting HER2 are currently approved in breast and gastroesophageal cancers while pan-HER targeting agents are being evaluated in multiple malignancies. HER2 genomic alterations are commonly described in urothelial cancer and multiple trials have assessed the efficacy of anti-HER2 agents in both muscle-invasive and metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Objective: To review prospective clinical trials of therapeutic agents with HER2– targeting activity in patients with bladder cancer. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, ASCO abstracts and Clinicaltrials.gov was performed to identify studies of HER2– targeting agents in bladder cancer. Reported results from prospective trials were reviewed and summarized. Results: Eleven prospective clinical trials with reported results were identified that investigated activity of trastuzumab, lapatinib, neratinib, afatinib, or autologous cellular immunotherapy (DN24–02) in various bladder cancer treatment settings. Another 11 prospective trials that include bladder cancer patients and are investigating agents with anti-HER2 activity are currently ongoing or have completed enrollment but do not have published results. The reported clinical trials had variable HER2– positivity inclusion criteria and most did not meet their pre-specified benchmarks of clinical efficacy. A recent afatinib trial in an unselected patient population had promising findings in patients with HER2 and HER3 alterations. Conclusion: Trials of HER2– targeting agents generally in unselected bladder cancer patients have not shown definitive clinical efficacy. Better patient selection, such as via utilization of next-generation sequencing assays that detect specific genomic alterations, and novel therapy combinations that include HER2– targeting agents (with immunotherapy or other modalities) may lead to improved outcomes in current, ongoing or future trials.
Two-center of the Convex Hull of a Point Set: Dynamic Model, and Restricted Streaming Model
Authors: Sadhu Sanjib , Roy Sasanka , Nandi Soumen , Maheshwari Anil , Nandy Subhas C. 
Published: January 2019

In this paper, we consider the dynamic version of covering the convex hull of a point set P in ℝ2 by two congruent disks of minimum size. Here, the points can be added or deleted in the set P, and the objective is to maintain a data structure that, at any instant of time, can efficiently report two disks of minimum size whose union completely covers the boundary of the convex hull of the point set P. We show that maintaining a linear size data structure, we can report a radius r satisfying r ≤ 2 ropt at any query time, where ropt is the optimum solution at that instant of time. For each insertion or deletion of a point in P, the update time of our data structure is O(log n). Our algorithm can be tailored to work in the restricted streaming model where only insertions are allowed, using constant work-space. The problem studied in this paper has novelty in two ways: (i) it computes the covering of the convex hull of a point set P, which has lot of surveillance related applications, but not studied in the literature, and (ii) it also considers the dynamic version of the problem. In the dynamic setup, the extent measure problems are studied very little, and in particular, the k-center problem is not at all studied for any k ≥ 2.
Reducing the Number of People with Dementia Through Primary Prevention in Mozambique, Brazil, and Portugal: An Analysis of Population-Based Data
Authors: Oliveira Deborah , Jun Otuyama Leonardo , Mabunda Dirceu , Mandlate Flavio , Gonçalves-Pereira Manuel , Xavier Miguel , Laks Jerson , Ferri Cleusa P. 
Published: January 2019

Background: Most people with dementia live in low- and middle-income countries and little is known about the potential for reducing these numbers by reducing key risk factors. Objective: To investigate the potential for dementia incidence reduction in Brazil, Mozambique, and Portugal (a culturally related, high-income country). Methods: We replicated previously published methods and based on the relative risks from previous studies, we estimated the population-attributable risk (PAR) of dementia in Mozambique, Brazil, and Portugal for seven modifiable risk factors associated with dementia (low educational attainment, physical inactivity, midlife hypertension, midlife obesity, depression, smoking, and diabetes mellitus). The combined PAR was calculated and adjusted for associations between risk factors. The potential for risk factor reduction was assessed by examining the effect of relative reductions of 10% and 20% per decade for each of the risk factors on projections for dementia cases for each decade until 2050. Results: After adjusting for non-independence of risk factors, 24.4%, 32.3%, and 40.1% of dementia cases could be related to seven potentially modifiable risk factors in Mozambique, Brazil, and Portugal, respectively. Reducing the prevalence of each risk factor by 20% per decade could, by 2050, potentially reduce the prevalence of dementia in Mozambique, Brazil, and Portugal by 12.9%, 16.2%, and 19.5%, respectively. Conclusion: There is a substantial difference between the countries in the percentage of dementia cases that could be attributable to the seven potentially modifiable risk factors. The proportion of cases that could be prevented by 2050 if measures were taken to address these main risk factors was higher in Portugal than in Brazil and Mozambique. Each country or region should consider their unique risk factor profile when developing dementia risk reduction programs.
Marketing untuk Menghadapi Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA)
Authors: Yusron Ahmad 
Published: January 2019

Abstract: A "whole" marketing process must take into account the transcendental element. Because, even though the marketer has been able to make customer smiles but with his actions to anger God the customer (Allah SWT). To speed up the economy in a country even to do international cooperation. MEA is a form of ASEAN economic integration in the sense that there is a free system among ASEAN countries. Indonesia and nine other ASEAN member countries agreed on the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA) Agreement. All ASEAN member countries will soon face a single, open market based on production. The establishment of the MEA aims to improve the welfare of all ASEAN members to face bank interest. It requires inter-sectoral policy coordination to seek solutions to prepare competit- able national industries. ASEAN needs to develop and have a competitive strategy. ASEAN needs to develop and have a great strategy and welcome MEA. Keywords: Marketing Islamic, Asean Economic Community
Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi untuk Menunjang Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan pada Farm Layer Raja Telur
Authors: Pandowo Hedi 
Published: January 2019

Post amnesty tax that has been rolled out by the government encourages some business people to compile tax reports in bookkeeping. Farm layer is an industry that is engaged in the production of eggs, is one of the business people with the requirements of reporting tax books. The important thing in the presentation of financial statements to support tax reporting is the availability of adequate human resources and the ability to process data quickly and accurately. In general, business people in the field of farm layer data processing process only on recording data recording and only contains recapitulation of population growth costs. Of course this has not been sufficient for the purposes of preparing financial statements.These problems can be solved by creating a computer application program that functions to accommodate all the activities in the farm layer company. With this computer application program, it is expected that all data management from beginning to end is recorded in detail and is able to produce financial reports quickly and accurately. Keywords: Farm Layer, Recording, Financial Reports, Computer Application Programs
New Organic Materials Based on Thiophene for Photovoltaic Device: Theoretical investigation
Authors: BOUACHRINE Mohammed , ABRAM Tayeb , KACİMİ Rachid , BEJJİT Lahcen , NASSİRİ BENNANİ Mohammed 
Published: January 2019

Theoretical study on the geometries,
electronic properties and absorption spectra of these five conjugated compounds
based on thiophene are studied by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method at
B3LYP level with 6-31G(d,p) basis set.
The absorption properties were calculated starting at the optimized
structures are calculated using TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method. The HOMO, LUMO, Gap
energy, Voc , ionization potentials
(IP)/electron affinities (EA) and λmax of these
compounds have been calculated and reported in this paper. The objective of
this study; is to evidence the relationship between chemical structure of these
organic materials and their properties optoelectronic and
photovoltaic of ways has conceive
thereafter the compounds with effective character for solar cells.
NÖROLOJİ YOĞUN BAKIM ÜNİTESİNDE ÇALIŞAN HEMŞİRELERİN MARUZ KALDIĞI FİZİKSEL ZORLANMALARIN ANALİZİ
Authors: KAHYA Emin , GÜLBANDILAR Sena , GÜRLEYEN Elif 
Published: January 2019

Yoğun Bakım Ünitesi
çalışanları verdikleri hizmetler gereği biyolojik, kimyasal, fiziksel,
psikososyal ve biyomekanik risklerle karşı karşıyadır. Yoğun bakım ünitesinde
kolay ayarlanabilir yataklar, yardımcı kaldırma ve taşıma araçları,
antropometrik ölçülerin göz önünde bulundurulması gibi ergonomik faktörlere
göre düzenlenmesi kas iskelet sistemi rahatsızlıklarının önlenmesinde büyük
önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bir hastanenin Nöroloji Yoğun Bakım
Ünitesi’nde çalışan hemşire ve diğer sağlık personelin hasta bakımı ve
taşınması sırasında maruz kaldıkları zorlanmaların REBA yöntemiyle tespiti ele
alınmıştır. Ünitede yatağın konumlandırılması, çarşaf düzenleme gibi 11 işlem
tespit edilmiş, bu işlemlerin, ünitede çalışan 15 hemşire gözlemlenerek, REBA
skorları tespit edilmiştir. İşlemlerin REBA skorları 2 ile 10 arasında
değişkenlik göstermiştir. Bu
zorlanmaları önlemek ve risk seviyelerini kabul edilebilir düzeye çekebilmek
için alternatif çözüm önerileri geliştirilmiştir. En yüksek risk skoru olan kırışmış çarşaf düzenleme
ve gerdirme işleminde kullanılması önerilen hasta taşıma lifti ile REBA skoru
9’dan 2’ye; hastayı yatağın başına çekme işleminde kaydırıcı çarşaf
kullanımıyla REBA skoru 9’dan 3’e düşeceği tahmin edilmektedir.
Efficient Calculation of Non-local Thermodynamic Equilibrium Effects in Multithreaded Hydrodynamic Simulations of Solar Flares
Authors: Reep Jeffrey W. , Bradshaw Stephen J. , Crump Nicholas A. , Warren Harry P. 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Understanding the dynamics of the chromosphere is crucial to understanding energy transport across the solar atmosphere. The chromosphere is optically thick at many wavelengths and described by non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE), making it difficult to interpret observations. Furthermore, there is considerable evidence that the atmosphere is filamented, and that current instruments do not resolve small-scale features. In flares, it is likely that multithreaded models are required to describe the heating. The combination of NLTE effects and multithreaded modeling requires computationally demanding calculations, which has motivated the development of a model that can efficiently treat both. We describe the implementation of a solver in a hydrodynamic code for the hydrogen level populations that approximates the NLTE solutions. We derive an accurate electron density across the atmosphere that includes the effects of nonequilibrium ionization for helium and metals. We show the effects on hydrodynamic simulations, which are used to synthesize light curves using a postprocessing radiative transfer code. We demonstrate the utility of this model on IRIS observations of a small flare. We show that the Doppler shifts in Mg ii, C ii, and O i can be explained with a multithreaded model of loops subjected to electron beam heating, so long as NLTE effects are treated. The intensities, however, do not match the observed values very well, which is due to assumptions about the initial atmosphere. We briefly show how altering the initial atmosphere can drastically alter line profiles and derived quantities and suggest that it should be tuned to preflare observations.
The Origin of Interstellar Turbulence in M33
Authors: Utomo Dyas , Blitz Leo , Falgarone Edith 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
We utilize the multi-wavelength data of M33 to study the origin of turbulence in its interstellar medium. We find that the H i turbulent energy surface density inside 8 kpc is ∼1–3 × 1046 erg pc−2, and has no strong dependence on galactocentric radius because of the lack of variation in H i surface density and H i velocity dispersion. Then, we consider the energies injected by supernovae (SNe), the magneto-rotational instability (MRI), and the gravity-driven turbulence from accreted materials as the sources of turbulent energy. For a constant dissipation time of turbulence, the SNe energy can maintain turbulence inside ∼4 kpc radius (equivalent to ∼0.5 R
25), while the MRI energy is always smaller than the turbulent energy within 8 kpc radius. However, when we let the dissipation time to be equal to the crossing time of turbulence across the H i scale height, the SNe energy is enough to maintain turbulence out to 7 kpc radius, and the sum of SNe and MRI energies is able to maintain turbulence out to 8 kpc radius. Due to lack of constraint in the mass accretion rate through the disk of M33, we cannot rule out the accretion driven turbulence as a possible source of energy. Furthermore, by resolving individual giant molecular clouds in M33, we also show that the SNe energy can maintain turbulence within individual molecular clouds with ∼1% of coupling efficiency. This result strengthens the proposition that stellar feedback is an important source of energy to maintain turbulence in nearby galaxies.
Infrared Echo and Late-stage Rebrightening of Nuclear Transient Ps1-10adi: Exploring the Torus with Tidal Disruption Events in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Jiang Ning , Wang Tinggui , Mou Guobin , Liu Hui , Dou Liming , Sheng Zhenfeng , Wang Yibo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Tidal disruption events (TDEs) in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) have been overlooked for a long time but have recently been tentatively investigated. We report the discovery of a long-lasting, luminous mid-infrared (mid-IR) flare in PS1-10adi, which is a newly identified and highly energetic transient event occurring in an AGN. The IR luminosity of PS1-10adi, as well as other analogous events, is at least one order of magnitude higher than that of all known supernova, but can be well interpreted as the dust echoes of TDEs, whose ultrahigh IR energy is reprocessed from the dusty torus around the black hole. The torus dust is sublimating during the early stage of the outburst and probably leads to the observed rapid emergence of Fe ii lines. Moreover, the UV-optical rebrightening and contemporaneous X-ray onset after ∼1500 rest-frame days since the optical peak are also an intriguing feature of PS1-10adi that can be attributed to the interaction between the high-velocity outflow and the torus. We suggest that the luminous IR echo is a very typical phenomenon of TDEs in AGNs and may provide us an ideal opportunity to explore the torus properties.