bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction between homatropine and optical blur on choroidal thickness
Authors: Sander Beata P. , Collins Michael J. , Read Scott A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeTo analyse the short‐term interaction between a short period of myopic and hyperopic defocus and the muscarinic antagonist homatropine upon the choroidal thickness and ocular biometrics of healthy subjects.MethodsThirty young adults (15 myopes and 15 emmetropes) aged 18–35 years had subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT) and ocular biometry measurements taken before, 30 min, and 60 min following the introduction of monocular optical blur (0.00 D, +3.00 D and −3.00 D) combined with administration of either 2% homatropine or placebo (total of six conditions). Each combination of optical blur and drug was tested on different days, 2 days apart, in randomised order. For choroidal thickness, we captured three SD OCT images (5 mm, cross scans centred at the fovea with 999 A‐scans and 50 B‐scans) with the Copernicus SOCT HR instrument (www.optopol.com). A masked observer manually segmented the average B‐scan images to derive subfoveal choroidal thickness measurements from each measurement session.ResultsThe choroid exhibited significant thinning after imposing hyperopic defocus (−3.00 D) combined with placebo (−11 ± 3 μm, p < 0.001). Homatropine prevented the significant choroidal thinning response with hyperopic defocus (+3 ± 2 μm), and the magnitude of ChT change was significantly different to placebo and hyperopic defocus (p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in ChT after the introduction of myopic defocus (+3.00 D) with placebo (+12 ± 3 μm, p < 0.0001) and homatropine combined with myopic defocus also caused a similar increase in ChT (+11 ± 3 μm; p < 0.001). Eyes treated with homatropine alone exhibited a significant increase in ChT (+14 ± 3 μm, p < 0.0001). There was no evidence of differences in choroidal response between refractive groups. Axial length also underwent small but significant changes (all p < 0.01 except homatropine/hyperopic blur and placebo) that were of similar magnitude, but of opposite direction to the changes in choroidal thickness.ConclusionsHomatropine appears to block the thinning effect of hyperopic defocus on choroidal thickness but did not enhance the thickening effect of myopic defocus. The changes in the choroid may relate to the different pathways in the eye's response to myopic and hyperopic blur or reflect an upper limit on the capacity of the choroid to thicken in the short‐term.
Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork morphology in high myopia
Authors: Chen Zhiqi , Song Yinwei , Li Mu , Chen Wei , Liu Shiliang , Cai Zhen , Chen Liugui , Xiang Yan , Zhang Hong , Wang Junming 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPurposeMyopes have a higher risk for open‐angle glaucoma; however, the reason is not clear. This study aims to explore the morphologic alterations of Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork size in highly myopic eyes.MethodsForty myopic eyes from 40 patients with high myopia and 40 control eyes from 40 subjects with low myopia, emmetropia or low hyperopia were enrolled. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork size. The correlations between the morphological alterations of Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork, spherical equivalent refractive error, axial length, and intraocular pressure were analysed.ResultsSubjects with high myopia had a significantly larger Schlemm's canal diameter in the nasal (188.1 ± 85.6 μm vs 127.4 ± 46.7 μm, P < 0.001), temporal (200.1 ± 7.2 μm vs 147.6 ± 68.1 μm, P = 0.001) quadrants and average value (173.1 ± 48.1 μm vs 137.3 ± 39.6 μm, P = 0.001), and larger Schlemm's canal area in the nasal (7333.2 ± 3877.7 μm2 vs 3833.2 ± 2094.7 μm2, P < 0.001), temporal (7274.8 ± 3247.4 μm2 vs 4631.1 ± 2431.9 μm2, P < 0.001) inferior (5512 ± 2504.9 μm2 vs 3922.6 ± 1935.6 μm2, P = 0.003) quadrants and average value(6165.4 ± 2080.5 μm2 vs 4044.4 ± 1581.1 μm2, P < 0.001). In the high myopia group, trabecular meshwork thickness of the nasal and temporal quadrants was significantly smaller (108.8 ± 31.6 μm vs 126 ± 42.2 μm, P = 0.045; 100.5 ± 15.4 μm vs 118.4 ± 26.8 μm, P = 0.001, respectively) compared with the control group, as well as the average value (106.4 ± 16.5 μm vs 120.9 ± 23.5 μm, P = 0.002). In the high myopia group, Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork size were not correlated with spherical equivalent refractive error and axial length (P > 0.05), while Schlemm's canal area showed a significant negative correlation with intraocular pressure (r = −0.33, P = 0.039).ConclusionsThis study reports for the first time that eyes with high myopia have a larger Schlemm's canal diameter and area, as well as decreased trabecular meshwork thickness, which may help to understand the close association between high myopia and open‐angle glaucoma. Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork analysis by OCT images may help to characterise the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms involved in high myopia.
Hannah Arendt on the evil of not being a person
Authors: Shuster Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article presents Hannah Arendt's novel conception of evil, arguing that what animates and undergirds this conception is an understanding of human agency, of what it means to be a person at all. The banality of evil that Arendt theorizes is exactly the failure to become a person in the first place—it is, in short, the evil of being a nobody. For Arendt, this evil becomes extreme when a mass of such nobodies becomes organized by totalitarianism. This article focuses on the connection between Arendt's understanding of personhood and her conception of evil, showing how Arendt falls into a Kantian tradition of prioritizing apperception—thinking—as central for human agency. In this way, the article shows that thinking—being a person—is central to Arendt's work, thereby prioritizing and making sense of her claim in The Human Condition that one is never “more active” than when thinking.
Expanding the Political Philosophy Dimension of the RISP Model: Examining the Conditional Indirect Effects of Cultural Cognition
Authors: Hmielowski Jay D. , Wang Meredith Y. , Donaway Rebecca R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article attempts to connect literatures from the Risk Information Seeking and Processing (RISP) model and cultural cognition theory. We do this by assessing the relationship between the two prominent cultural cognition variables (i.e., group and grid) and risk perceptions. We then examine whether these risk perceptions are associated with three outcomes important to the RISP model: information seeking, systematic processing, and heuristic processing, through a serial mediation model. We used 2015 data collected from 10 communities across the United States to test our hypotheses. Our results show that people high on group and low on grid (egalitarian communitarians) show greater risk perceptions regarding water quality issues. Moreover, these higher levels of perceived risk translate into increased information seeking, systematic processing of information, and lower heuristic processing through intervening variables from the RISP model (e.g., negative emotions and information insufficiency). These results extend the extant literature by expanding on the treatment of political ideology within the RISP model literature and taking a more nuanced approach to political beliefs in accordance with the cultural cognitions literature. Our article also expands on the RISP literature by looking at information‐processing variables.
Assessing Transboundary Wildfire Exposure in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Ager Alan A. , Palaiologou Palaiologos , Evers Cody R. , Day Michelle A. , Barros Ana M. G. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe assessed transboundary wildfire exposure among federal, state, and private lands and 447 communities in the state of Arizona, southwestern United States. The study quantified the relative magnitude of transboundary (incoming, outgoing) versus nontransboundary (i.e., self‐burning) wildfire exposure based on land tenure or community of the simulated ignition and the resulting fire perimeter. We developed and described several new metrics to quantify and map transboundary exposure. We found that incoming transboundary fire accounted for 37% of the total area burned on large parcels of federal and state lands, whereas 63% of the area burned was burned by ignitions within the parcel. However, substantial parcel to parcel variation was observed for all land tenures for all metrics. We found that incoming transboundary fire accounted for 66% of the total area burned within communities versus 34% of the area burned by self‐burning ignitions. Of the total area burned within communities, private lands contributed the largest proportion (36.7%), followed by national forests (19.5%), and state lands (15.4%). On average seven land tenures contributed wildfire to individual communities. Annual wildfire exposure to structures was highest for wildfires ignited on state and national forest land, followed by tribal, private, and BLM. We mapped community firesheds, that is, the area where ignitions can spawn fires that can burn into communities, and estimated that they covered 7.7 million ha, or 26% of the state of Arizona. Our methods address gaps in existing wildfire risk assessments, and their implementation can help reduce fragmentation in governance systems and inefficiencies in risk planning.
The political economy of regulations and trade: Wine trade 1860–1970
Authors: Meloni Giulia , Swinnen Johan 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDramatic changes in the 1860–1970 wine trade provide insights on the political economy of regulations and policy instrument choice and trade. An invasion of Phylloxera in the 1870s turned France from the world's leading exporter to a massive importer of wine and grapes. When French production recovered a combination of tariffs, safety regulations and quality standards were introduced to protect its French producers, causing dramatic changes in global wine and grape production and trade, including in Spain, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. Changes in wine regulations were caused by relative income and loss aversion factors in political economy. Tariffs were the preferred policy instruments as they directly restrict imports, bring in revenues, have low transaction costs and are preferred political instruments when there are information imperfections. Safety regulations and quality standards, including labelling and input prohibitions, reduce asymmetric information for consumers or undesirable externalities, and simultaneously protected domestic producers. Regulations were often targeted at imported products (wine and raisins) when tariffs were ineffective or constrained by institutions (such as on colonial wine). Hence, tariffs and quality regulations were jointly used in wine policy, both as complements and as substitutes in policy design.
Fluorescence enabled direct visual observation for diagnosis of ultrafiltration membrane fouling by bi‐disperse submicron particle suspensions
Authors: Autin O. , Sakar H. , McAdam E. J. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhilst direct observation (DO) methodologies can describe back‐transport of supra‐micron particles, present technologies are unable to discriminate submicron particles, which are primarily responsible for membrane fouling. In this study, we therefore introduce a fluorescence enabled direct visual observation (RLF‐DVO) methodology to permit visual characterisation of submicron particle transport during cross‐flow filtration. Particle discrimination was achievable for particle diameters exceeding 0.25 µm; however, this was dependent upon particle concentration and the cross‐flow velocity employed. Nevertheless, this is considerably below the detection limit of current techniques (around 3 µm). During filtration of a binary dispersion comprised of submicron particles, deposition was observed before a change in transmembrane pressure was detected, which underpins the important role of DO for fouling diagnosis. Based on observations made during this study, recommendations are proposed that will further improve resolution. Importantly, this study demonstrates RLF‐DVO can provide real‐time description of submicron particle transport during cross‐flow filtration.
Reconquering the water: Evolution and systematics of South and Central American aquatic lizards (Gymnophthalmidae)
Authors: Marques‐Souza Sergio , Prates Ivan , Fouquet Antoine , Camacho Agustín , Kok Philippe J. R. , Nunes Pedro M. S. , Dal Vechio Francisco , Recoder Renato Sousa , Mejia Nathalia , Teixeira Junior Mauro , Barrio‐Amorós Cesar , Cassimiro José , Dias Lima Jucivaldo , Aurélio de Sena Marco , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut 
Published: April 2018

The Cercosaurini tribe stands out from other Gymnophthalmidae lizards for including several species with morphological adaptations to aquatic lifestyle (“Crocodile‐Like Morphology” – CLM). Recent molecular phylogenies of Cercosaurini demonstrated the paraphyly of CLM species, implicitly suggesting that adaptations to the aquatic life evolved more than once. However, CLM species have remained poorly sampled, and a number of uncertainties persist, such as the monophyly of Neusticurus and the placement of Potamites apodemus within the tribe. Based on a more extensive molecular and morphological data set, we propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for Neusticurus and investigate, for the first time, the phylogenetic position of P. apodemus. We recovered a monophyletic Neusticurus clade; however, Neusticurus rudis as currently understood was recovered as paraphyletic, with two lineages that also show consistent morphological diagnosis; as a result, we resurrect and provide a taxonomic redescription of Neusticurus surinamensis Müller, . Moreover, because P. apodemus was recovered as sister to all other Echinosaura, we propose a new combination for this species (Echinosaura apodema). We also review the distribution of Neusticurus species, offering a comprehensive view of their biogeography. Lastly, our ancestral character reconstruction and dating analyses indicate that the CLM phenotype evolved four times independently during Cercosaurini′s evolutionary history. We hypothesize that the CLM phenotype and subsequent adaptation to aquatic life may be linked to the development of the Pebas Lake in western Amazonia during the Miocene.
First Penicillin-Binding Protein Occupancy Patterns of β-Lactams and β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Sutaria Dhruvitkumar S. , Moya Bartolome , Green Kari B. , Kim Tae Hwan , Tao Xun , Jiao Yuanyuan , Louie Arnold , Drusano George L. , Bulitta Jürgen B. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are the high-affinity target sites of all β-lactam antibiotics in bacteria. It is well known that each β-lactam covalently binds to and thereby inactivates different PBPs with various affinities. Despite β-lactams serving as the cornerstone of our therapeutic armamentarium against
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, PBP binding data are missing for this pathogen. We aimed to generate the first PBP binding data on 13 chemically diverse and clinically relevant β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors in
K. pneumoniae
. PBP binding was determined using isolated membrane fractions from
K. pneumoniae
strains ATCC 43816 and ATCC 13883. Binding reactions were conducted using β-lactam concentrations from 0.0075 to 256 mg/liter (or 128 mg/liter). After β-lactam exposure, unbound PBPs were labeled by Bocillin FL. Binding affinities (50% inhibitory concentrations [IC
50
]) were reported as the β-lactam concentrations that half-maximally inhibited Bocillin FL binding. PBP occupancy patterns by β-lactams were consistent across both strains. Carbapenems bound to all PBPs, with PBP2 and PBP4 as the highest-affinity targets (IC
50
, <0.0075 mg/liter). Preferential PBP2 binding was observed by mecillinam (amdinocillin; IC
50
, <0.0075 mg/liter) and avibactam (IC
50
, 2 mg/liter). Aztreonam showed high affinity for PBP3 (IC
50
, 0.06 to 0.12 mg/liter). Ceftazidime bound PBP3 at low concentrations (IC
50
, 0.06 to 0.25 mg/liter) and PBP1a/b at higher concentrations (4 mg/liter), whereas cefepime bound PBPs 1 to 4 at more even concentrations (IC
50
, 0.015 to 2 mg/liter). These PBP binding data on a comprehensive set of 13 clinically relevant β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors in
K. pneumoniae
enable, for the first time, the rational design and optimization of double β-lactam and β-lactam–β-lactamase inhibitor combinations.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Novel Staphylococcus aureus Podoviruses of Potential Therapeutic Use, vB_SauP_phiAGO1.3 and vB_SauP_phiAGO1.9
Authors: Gozdek Agnieszka , Głowacka-Rutkowska Aleksandra , Gawor Jan , Empel Joanna , Gromadka Robert , Łobocka Małgorzata B. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the genome sequences of two
Staphylococcus aureus
phages belonging to the family
Podoviridae
and subfamily
Picovirinae
, vB_SauP_phiAGO1.3 and vB_SauP_phiAGO1.9, which were isolated from Warsaw sewage. Analysis of their genomes provides valuable information about the diversity of phages belonging to the genus
Rosenblumvirus
and their genes that undergo evolutionary adaptation to cells of different host strains.
Genome Sequence of the Brown Rot Fungal Pathogen Monilinia laxa
Authors: Naranjo-Ortíz Miguel A. , Rodríguez-Píres Silvia , Torres Rosario , De Cal Antonieta , Usall Josep , Gabaldón Toni 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Monilinia laxa
(phylum
Ascomycota
) is a plant pathogen responsible for the brown rot blossom blight disease in stone fruit trees of the
Rosaceae
family, such as apricots. We report here the genome sequence of strain 8L of this species, which was assembled into 618 scaffolds, having a total size of 40.799 Mb and encoding 9,567 unique protein-coding genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Extremely Desiccation-Tolerant Cyanobacterium Gloeocapsopsis sp. Strain AAB1
Authors: Puente-Sánchez Fernando , González-Silva Carlos , Parro Victor , Tamames Javier , Azua-Bustos Armando 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Gloeocapsopsis
sp. strain AAB1 is an extremely desiccation-tolerant cyanobacterium isolated from translucent quartz stones from the Atacama Desert (Chile). Here, we report its draft genome sequence, which consists of 137 contigs with an ∼5.4-Mb genome size. The annotation revealed 5,641 coding DNA sequences, 38 tRNA genes, and 5 rRNA genes.
Complete Sequence of the Intronless Mitochondrial Genome of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain CW252
Authors: Naquin Delphine , Panozzo Cristina , Dujardin Geneviève , van Dijk Erwin , d’Aubenton-Carafa Yves , Thermes Claude 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

The mitochondrial genomes of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
strains contain up to 13 introns. An intronless recombinant genome introduced into the nuclear background of
S. cerevisiae
strain W303 gave the
S. cerevisiae
CW252 strain, which is used to model mitochondrial respiratory pathologies. The complete sequence of this mitochondrial genome was obtained using a hybrid assembling methodology.
Complete Chromosome and Plasmid Sequences of Two Plant Pathogens, Dickeya solani Strains D s0432-1 and PPO 9019
Authors: Khayi Slimane , Blin Pauline , Chong Teik Min , Chan Kok-Gan , Faure Denis 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Dickeya solani
species are emerging bacterial pathogens of
Solanum tuberosum
. Here, we announce the complete genome sequences of two strains,
Dickeya solani
D s0432-1 and PPO 9019. Strain PPO 9019 represents the first described member of the genus
Dickeya
with an extrachromosomal genetic element.
Complete Genome Sequences of Six Human Bocavirus Strains from Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis in the North Region of Brazil
Authors: Watanabe Aripuanã Sakurada Aranha , Luchs Adriana , Leal Élcio , Milagres Flavio Augusto de Pádua , Komninakis Shirley Vasconcelos , Gill Danielle Elise , Lobato Márcia Cristina Alves Brito Sayão , Brustulin Rafael , das Chagas Rogério Togisaki , Abrão Maria de Fátima Neves dos Santos , Soares Cassia Vitória de Deus Alves , Deng Xutao , Sabino Ester Cerdeira , Delwart Eric , da Costa Antonio Charlys 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is commonly associated with acute respiratory tract illness and gastroenteritis. We report six complete genomic sequences of HBoV strains from patients with gastroenteritis in Belém do Pará and Tocantins in the North Region of Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the six HBoV strains belong to genotypes 1, 2, and 3.
Complete Genome Sequence of Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Streptococcus parauberis Strain SPOF3K, Isolated from Diseased Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Lee Yoonhang , Nguyen Thanh Luan , Kim Ahran , Kim Nameun , Roh Heyong Jin , Han Hyun-Ja , Jung Sung-Hee , Cho Mi-Young , Kang Ho Young , Kim Do-Hyung 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of multiple-antibiotic-resistant
Streptococcus parauberis
strain SPOF3K, isolated from the kidney of a diseased olive flounder in South Korea in 2013. Sequencing using a PacBio platform yielded a circular chromosome of 2,128,740 bp and a plasmid of 23,538 bp, harboring 2,123 and 24 protein-coding genes, respectively.
Complete Genome Sequence of Sphingobium sp. Strain YG1, a Lignin Model Dimer-Metabolizing Bacterium Isolated from Sediment in Kagoshima Bay, Japan
Authors: Ohta Yukari , Shimane Yasuhiro , Nishi Shinro , Ichikawa Junko , Kurosawa Kanako , Tsubouchi Taishi , Ishii Shun'ichi 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Sphingobium
sp. strain YG1 is a lignin model dimer-metabolizing bacterium newly isolated from sediment in Kagoshima, Japan, at a depth of 102 m. Here, we report the complete genome nucleotide sequence of strain YG1.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Novel Porcine Circovirus Type 3 Strain, CH/GX/1776D/2017, Isolated from Guangxi, China
Authors: Lu Bingxia , Qin Yibin , He Ying , Liu Lei , Duan Qunpeng , Zhou Yingning , Li Bin , Chen Zhongwei , Liang Jiaxing , Su Qianlian , Bi Bingfen , Jiang Dongfu , Lu Jingzhuan , Zhao Wu 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3) was first described in 2016 in U.S. swine herds as a pathogenic agent for pigs. To date, PCV3 has been reported to be widely circulating in the United States, China, South Korea, Brazil, Italy, and Poland. Here, we report the genome sequence of a PCV3 strain (CH/GX/1776D/2017) isolated from Guangxi Province in southern China. The sequence data presented in this study will help us better understand the molecular characteristics and genetic diversity of PCV3 in China.
Whole-Genome Sequences of 18 Bovine Alphaherpesvirus 1 Field Isolates from Pennsylvania and Minnesota
Authors: Chothe Shubhada K. , Sebastian Aswathy , Thomas Asha , Nissly Ruth , Byukusenge Maurice , Wolfgang David , Mor Sunil Kumar , Goyal Sagar , Albert Istvan , Jayarao Bhushan , Kuchipudi Suresh V. 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), a member of the
Herpesviridae
family, causes respiratory and reproductive tract infections in cattle. Here, we report complete genome sequences of 18 field isolates of BHV-1 from Pennsylvania and Minnesota.
Reevaluation of the Complete Genome Sequence of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense MSR-1 with Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing Data
Authors: Uebe René , Schüler Dirk , Jogler Christian , Wiegand Sandra 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT

Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense
is a key organism for understanding magnetosome formation and magnetotaxis. As earlier studies suggested a high genomic plasticity, we (re)sequenced the type strain MSR-1 and the laboratory strain R3/S1. Both sequences differ by only 11 point mutations, but organization of the magnetosome island deviates from that of previous genome sequences.