bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D virtual histology at the host/parasite interface: visualisation of the master manipulator, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, in the brain of its ant host
Authors: Martín-Vega Daniel , Garbout Amin , Ahmed Farah , Wicklein Martina , Goater Cameron P. , Colwell Douglas D. , Hall Martin J. R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSome parasites are able to manipulate the behaviour of their hosts to their own advantage. One of the most well-established textbook examples of host manipulation is that of the trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum on ants, its second intermediate host. Infected ants harbour encysted metacercariae in the gaster and a non-encysted metacercaria in the suboesophageal ganglion (SOG); however, the mechanisms that D. dendriticum uses to manipulate the ant behaviour remain unknown, partly because of a lack of a proper and direct visualisation of the physical interface between the parasite and the ant brain tissue. Here we provide new insights into the potential mechanisms that this iconic manipulator uses to alter its host’s behaviour by characterising the interface between D. dendriticum and the ant tissues with the use of non-invasive micro-CT scanning. For the first time, we show that there is a physical contact between the parasite and the ant brain tissue at the anteriormost part of the SOG, including in a case of multiple brain infection where only the parasite lodged in the most anterior part of the SOG was in contact with the ant brain tissue. We demonstrate the potential of micro-CT to further understand other parasite/host systems in parasitological research.
Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials
Authors: Sanandiya Naresh D. , Vijay Yadunund , Dimopoulou Marina , Dritsas Stylianos , Fernandez Javier G. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractCellulose is the most abundant and broadly distributed organic compound and industrial by-product on Earth. However, despite decades of extensive research, the bottom-up use of cellulose to fabricate 3D objects is still plagued with problems that restrict its practical applications: derivatives with vast polluting effects, use in combination with plastics, lack of scalability and high production cost. Here we demonstrate the general use of cellulose to manufacture large 3D objects. Our approach diverges from the common association of cellulose with green plants and it is inspired by the wall of the fungus-like oomycetes, which is reproduced introducing small amounts of chitin between cellulose fibers. The resulting fungal-like adhesive material(s) (FLAM) are strong, lightweight and inexpensive, and can be molded or processed using woodworking techniques. We believe this first large-scale additive manufacture with ubiquitous biological polymers will be the catalyst for the transition to environmentally benign and circular manufacturing models.
Subcortical structural connectivity of insular subregions
Authors: Ghaziri Jimmy , Tucholka Alan , Girard Gabriel , Boucher Olivier , Houde Jean-Christophe , Descoteaux Maxime , Obaid Sami , Gilbert Guillaume , Rouleau Isabelle , Nguyen Dang Khoa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHidden beneath the Sylvian fissure and sometimes considered as the fifth lobe of the brain, the insula plays a multi-modal role from its strategic location. Previous structural studies have reported cortico-cortical connections with the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, but only a few have looked at its connections with subcortical structures. The insular cortex plays a role in a wide range of functions including processing of visceral and somatosensory inputs, olfaction, audition, language, motivation, craving, addiction and emotions such as pain, empathy and disgust. These functions implicate numerous subcortical structures, as suggested by various functional studies. Based on these premises, we explored the structural connectivity of insular ROIs with the thalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, putamen, globus pallidus, caudate nucleus and nucleus accumbens. More precisely, we were interested in unraveling the specific areas of the insula connected to these subcortical structures. By using state-of-the-art HARDI tractography algorithm, we explored here the subcortical connectivity of the insula.
C10orf99 contributes to the development of psoriasis by promoting the proliferation of keratinocytes
Authors: Chen Caifeng , Wu Na , Duan Qiqi , Yang Huizi , Wang Xin , Yang Peiwen , Zhang Mengdi , Liu Jiankang , Liu Zhi , Shao Yongping , Zheng Yan 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPsoriasis is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin disease. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is complex and has not been fully understood. C10orf99 was a recently identified human antimicrobial peptide whose mRNA expression is elevated in psoriatic human skin samples. In this study, we investigated the functional roles of C10orf99 in epidermal proliferation under inflammatory condition. We showed that C10orf99 protein was significantly up-regulated in psoriatic skin samples from patients and the ortholog gene expression levels were up-regulated in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice. Using M5-stimulated HaCaT cell line model of inflammation and a combinational approach of knockdown and overexpression of C10orf99, we demonstrated that C10orf99 could promote keratinocyte proliferation by facilitating the G1/S transition, and the pro-proliferation effect of C10orf99 was associated with the activation of the ERK1/2 and NF-κB but not the AKT pathways. Local depletion of C10orf99 by lentiviral vectors expressing C10orf99 shRNA effectively ameliorated IMQ-induced dermatitis. Taken together, these results indicate that C10orf99 plays a contributive role in psoriasis pathogenesis and may serve as a new target for psoriasis treatment.
Comparative analysis of two discretizations of Ricci curvature for complex networks
Authors: Samal Areejit , Sreejith R. P. , Gu Jiao , Liu Shiping , Saucan Emil , Jost Jürgen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe have performed an empirical comparison of two distinct notions of discrete Ricci curvature for graphs or networks, namely, the Forman-Ricci curvature and Ollivier-Ricci curvature. Importantly, these two discretizations of the Ricci curvature were developed based on different properties of the classical smooth notion, and thus, the two notions shed light on different aspects of network structure and behavior. Nevertheless, our extensive computational analysis in a wide range of both model and real-world networks shows that the two discretizations of Ricci curvature are highly correlated in many networks. Moreover, we show that if one considers the augmented Forman-Ricci curvature which also accounts for the two-dimensional simplicial complexes arising in graphs, the observed correlation between the two discretizations is even higher, especially, in real networks. Besides the potential theoretical implications of these observations, the close relationship between the two discretizations has practical implications whereby Forman-Ricci curvature can be employed in place of Ollivier-Ricci curvature for faster computation in larger real-world networks whenever coarse analysis suffices.
Stationäre Therapie der komplexen PTBS in Folge körperlicher oder sexualisierter Gewalt in der Kindheit: Wirksamkeit und Prädiktoren des Behandlungsverlaufs
Authors: Kratzer Leonhard , Heinz Peter , Schennach Rebecca , Schiepek Günter , Padberg Frank , Jobst Andrea 
Published: May 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Wirksamkeit stationärer traumafokussierter Psychotherapie ist bei PatientInnen mit komplexer posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS) insbesondere unter klinischen Routinebedingungen unzureichend belegt. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war neben der Verlaufsanalyse die Identifikation von Prädiktoren des Behandlungserfolges.
Methode 150 PatientInnen der Abteilung für Psychotraumatologie der Klinik St. Irmingard mit komplexer PTBS in Folge körperlicher oder sexualisierter Gewalt in der Kindheit beantworteten Fragebögen zu PTBS, Kindheitstraumata, Achtsamkeit, Dissoziation und allgemeiner Psychopathologie. Die Unterschiede zwischen Prä- und Postmessung wurden regressionsanalytisch untersucht. Mittels konditionalem Klassifikationsbaum wurde untersucht, welche Parameter eine Response prädizieren.
Ergebnisse Die signifikante Verbesserung der PTBS-Symptomatik entsprach einem großen Effekt (d=1,8) und einer Responserate von 52% gemäß Reliable Change Index (p<0,05). Hinsichtlich anderer Symptombereiche waren Verbesserungen in der Größenordnung mittlerer bis großer Effekte (0,5<d<1,1) zu beobachten. Sowohl Abbrüche (7%) als auch Verschlechterungen (4%) waren selten. Somatoforme Beschwerden, das Vorliegen einer komplexen dissoziativen Störung sowie Achtsamkeitsdefizite erwiesen sich als negative Prädiktoren einer reliablen Besserung der PTBS-Belastung.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Traumafokussierte Psychotherapie ist unter naturalistischen Bedingungen bei PatientInnen mit komplexer PTBS sicher und wirksam durchführbar. Zugleich zeigen sich hohe Nonresponseraten. Zukünftige Untersuchungen sollten die Bedeutung der identifizierten Prädiktoren für Nonresponse näher untersuchen. Mögliche Maßnahmen zur Reduktion von Nonresponse werden diskutiert.
A Pharmacological Update of Ellagic Acid
Authors: Ríos José-Luis , Giner Rosa , Marín Marta , Recio M. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractEllagic acid is a common metabolite present in many medicinal plants and vegetables. It is present either in free form or as part of more complex molecules (ellagitannins), which can be metabolized to liberate ellagic acid and several of its metabolites, including urolithins. While ellagic acidʼs antioxidant properties are doubtless responsible for many of its pharmacological activities, other mechanisms have also been implicated in its various effects, including its ability to reduce the lipidemic profile and lipid metabolism, alter pro-inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6), and decrease the activity of nuclear factor-κB while increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 expression. These events play an important role in ellagic acidʼs anti-atherogenic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Several of these activities, together with the effect of ellagic acid on insulin, glycogen, phosphatases, aldose reductase, sorbitol accumulation, advanced glycation end-product formation, and resistin secretion, may explain its effects on metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In addition, results from recent research have increased the interest in ellagic acid, both as a potential protective agent of the liver and skin and as a potential anticancer agent, due to the specific mechanisms affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, and angiogenesis and its aforementioned anti-inflammatory properties. Taken together, these effects make ellagic acid a highly interesting compound that may contribute to different aspects of health; however, more studies are needed, especially on the compoundʼs pharmacokinetic profile. In this review, we selected papers published from 2005 to the present.
Vascular Permeability and Remodelling Coincide with Inflammatory and Reparative Processes after Joint Bleeding in Factor VIII-Deficient Mice
Authors: Cooke Esther , Zhou Jenny , Wyseure Tine , Joshi Shweta , Bhat Vikas , Durden Donald , Mosnier Laurent , von Drygalski Annette 
Published: May 2018

AbstractVascular remodelling is a prominent feature of haemophilic arthropathy (HA) that may underlie re-bleeding, yet the nature of vascular changes and underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to characterize synovial vascular remodelling and vessel integrity after haemarthrosis, as well as temporal changes in inflammatory and tissue-reparative pathways. Thirty acutely painful joints in patients with haemophilia (PWH) were imaged by musculoskeletal ultrasound with Power Doppler (MSKUS/PD) to detect vascular abnormalities and bloody effusions. Nineteen out of 30 painful joint episodes in PWH were associated with haemarthrosis, and abnormal vascular perfusion was unique to bleeding joints. A model of induced haemarthrosis in factor VIII (FVIII)-deficient mice was used for histological assessment of vascular remodelling (α-smooth muscle actin [αSMA] expression), and monitoring of in vivo vascular perfusion and permeability by MSKUS/PD and albumin extravasation, respectively. Inflammatory (M1) and reparative (M2) macrophage markers were quantified in murine synovium over a 10-week time course by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The abnormal vascular perfusion observed in PWH was recapitulated in FVIII-deficient mice after induced haemarthrosis. Neovascularization and increased vessel permeability were apparent 2 weeks post-bleed in FVIII-deficient mice, after a transient elevation of inflammatory macrophage M1 markers. These vascular changes subsided by week 4, while vascular remodelling, evidenced by architectural changes and pronounced αSMA expression, persisted alongside a reparative macrophage M2 response. In conclusion, haemarthrosis leads to transient inflammation coupled with neovascularization and associated vascular permeability, while subsequent tissue repair mechanisms coincide with vascular remodelling. Together, these vascular changes may promote re-bleeding and HA progression.
Targeting von Willebrand Factor in Ischaemic Stroke: Focus on Clinical Evidence
Authors: Buchtele Nina , Schwameis Michael , Gilbert James , Schörgenhofer Christian , Jilma Bernd 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite great efforts in stroke research, disability and recurrence rates in ischaemic stroke remain unacceptably high. To address this issue, one potential target for novel therapeutics is the glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (vWF), which increases in thrombogenicity especially under high shear rates as it bridges between vascular sub-endothelial collagen and platelets. The rationale for vWF as a potential target in stroke comes from four bodies of evidence. (1) Animal models which recapitulate the pathogenesis of stroke and validate the concept of targeting vWF for stroke prevention and the use of the vWF cleavage enzyme ADAMTS13 in acute stroke treatment. (2) Extensive epidemiologic data establishing the prognostic role of vWF in the clinical setting showing that high vWF levels are associated with an increased risk of first stroke, stroke recurrence or stroke-associated mortality. As such, vWF levels may be a suitable marker for further risk stratification to potentially fine-tune current risk prediction models which are mainly based on clinical and imaging data. (3) Genetic studies showing an association between vWF levels and stroke risk on genomic levels. Finally, (4) studies of patients with primary disorders of excess or deficiency of function in the vWF axis (e.g. thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and von Willebrand disease, respectively) which demonstrate the crucial role of vWF in atherothrombosis. Therapeutic inhibition of VWF by novel agents appears particularly promising for secondary prevention of stroke recurrence in specific sub-groups of patients such as those suffering from large artery atherosclerosis, as designated according to the TOAST classification.
Integrating Multimodal Radiation Therapy Data into i2b2
Authors: Zapletal Eric , Bibault Jean-Emmanuel , Giraud Philippe , Burgun Anita 
Published: May 2018

Background Clinical data warehouses are now widely used to foster clinical and translational research and the Informatics for Integrating Biology and the Bedside (i2b2) platform has become a de facto standard for storing clinical data in many projects. However, to design predictive models and assist in personalized treatment planning in cancer or radiation oncology, all available patient data need to be integrated into i2b2, including radiation therapy data that are currently not addressed in many existing i2b2 sites.
Objective To use radiation therapy data in projects related to rectal cancer patients, we assessed the feasibility of integrating radiation oncology data into the i2b2 platform.
Methods The Georges Pompidou European Hospital, a hospital from the Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris group, has developed an i2b2-based clinical data warehouse of various structured and unstructured clinical data for research since 2008. To store and reuse various radiation therapy data—dose details, activities scheduling, and dose-volume histogram (DVH) curves—in this repository, we first extracted raw data by using some reverse engineering techniques and a vendor's application programming interface. Then, we implemented a hybrid storage approach by combining the standard i2b2 “Entity-Attribute-Value” storage mechanism with a “JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) document-based” storage mechanism without modifying the i2b2 core tables. Validation was performed using (1) the Business Objects framework for replicating vendor's application screens showing dose details and activities scheduling data and (2) the R software for displaying the DVH curves.
Results We developed a pipeline to integrate the radiation therapy data into the Georges Pompidou European Hospital i2b2 instance and evaluated it on a cohort of 262 patients. We were able to use the radiation therapy data on a preliminary use case by fetching the DVH curve data from the clinical data warehouse and displaying them in a R chart.
Conclusion By adding radiation therapy data into the clinical data warehouse, we were able to analyze radiation therapy response in cancer patients and we have leveraged the i2b2 platform to store radiation therapy data, including detailed information such as the DVH to create new ontology-based modules that provides research investigators with a wider spectrum of clinical data.
Student Perceptions of the Ophthalmology Curriculum in Medical School
Authors: Cobbs Lucy , Tsui Edmund , Haberman Ilyse , Kim Eleanore , Sperber Laurence , Wu Mengfei , Schuman Joel 
Published: May 2018

Purpose There is no national standard for ophthalmology curricula in U.S. and Canadian medical schools. We aim to evaluate medical students' perceptions of the current ophthalmology curriculum without mandatory rotation at New York University School of Medicine (NYUSOM).
Design A cross-sectional Internet survey.
Methods A cross-sectional Internet survey was distributed to all NYUSOM students in March to May 2017. The main parameters measured in the study were students' self-reported confidence with ophthalmology skills and satisfaction with curriculum.
Results Response rate was 27.5% (166 of 604) of NYUSOM students. Many students reported they were not comfortable diagnosing eye emergencies (64%), using a direct ophthalmoscope (71%), or testing visual acuity (50%). The majority of students did not want ophthalmology to become a mandatory rotation, but reported additional in-person training would be most helpful, compared with videos, web-based didactics, lectures, or virtual training. Completion of an ophthalmology elective and more hours of ophthalmology training were associated with increased confidence with eye examination and greater satisfaction with the curriculum.
Conclusions It is critical for all physicians-in-training to have adequate skills in eye examination. Identifying areas of improvement and determining the best teaching modality will be important in updating the ophthalmology curriculum for medical students. The majority of medical students are not at all or only slightly confident with eye examinations. Increasing the amount of in-person ophthalmology training in medical school improves confidence with eye examination.
Prioritization of Candidate Genes for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in a Critical Region on Chromosome 4p16 using a Machine-Learning Algorithm
Authors: Campbell Ian , Stover Samantha , Hernandez-Garcia Andres , Jhangiani Shalini , Punetha Jaya , Paine Ingrid , Posey Jennifer , Muzny Donna , Lally Kevin , Lupski James , Shaw Chad , Fernandes Caraciolo , Scott Daryl , Callaway Danielle 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is caused by partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4 and is characterized by dysmorphic facies, congenital heart defects, intellectual/developmental disability, and increased risk for congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). In this report, we describe a stillborn girl with WHS and a large CDH. A literature review revealed 15 cases of WHS with CDH, which overlap a 2.3-Mb CDH critical region. We applied a machine-learning algorithm that integrates large-scale genomic knowledge to genes within the 4p16.3 CDH critical region and identified FGFRL1, CTBP1, NSD2, FGFR3, CPLX1, MAEA, CTBP1-AS2, and ZNF141 as genes whose haploinsufficiency may contribute to the development of CDH.
Navigation of brain networks
Authors: Seguin Caio , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Zalesky Andrew 
Published: May 2018

Significance
We show that the combination of topology and geometry in mammalian cortical networks allows for near-optimal decentralized communication under navigation routing. Following a simple propagation rule based on local knowledge of the distance between cortical regions, we demonstrate that brain networks can be successfully navigated with efficiency that is comparable to shortest paths routing. This finding helps to conciliate the major progress achieved over more than a decade of connectomics research, under the assumption of communication via shortest paths, with recent questions raised by the biologically unrealistic requirements involved in the computation of optimal routes. Our results reiterate the importance of the brain’s spatial embedding, suggesting a three-way relationship between connectome geometry, topology, and communication.
Involvement of ethylene signaling in Azospirillum sp. B510-induced disease resistance in rice
Authors: Kusajima Miyuki , Shima Shuhei , Fujita Moeka , Minamisawa Kiwamu , Che Fang-Sik , Yamakawa Hiromoto , Nakashita Hideo 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACT
A bacterial endophyte Azospirillum sp. B510 induces systemic disease resistance in the host without accompanying defense-related gene expression. To elucidate molecular mechanism of this induced systemic resistance (ISR), involvement of ethylene (ET) was examined using OsEIN2-knockdown mutant rice. Rice blast inoculation assay and gene expression analysis indicated that ET signaling is required for endophyte-mediated ISR in rice.
Abbreviations: ACC: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; EIN2: ethylene-insensitive protein 2; ET: ethylene; ISR: induced systemic resistance; JA: jasmonic acid; RNAi: RNA interference; SA: salicylic acid; SAR: systemic acquired resistance
Are the concepts of ‘social investment’ and ‘long-term care for the elderly’ compatible? Perceptions of long-term care stakeholders in Lithuania
Authors: Poškutė Virginija 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAgeing of society and long-term care (LTC) for the elderly are becoming hot topics on most European countries’ social and economic policy agendas. Increasing demand for the financing of LTC raises the necessity for a search for social policy alternatives without further increasing pressure on national budgets. The social investment approach is seen as an argument in favour of interpreting social expenditure as a ‘productive factor’ (ILO. (2005). Social protection as a productive factor. GB.294/ESP/4. Geneva, p. 2). This approach to welfare systems argues that social expenditure might be seen as investment that produces economic and social returns in time. The perception of what social investment is in relation to the LTC for the elderly is not clear either in public or academic discussion. In responding to this lacuna, this article analyses the views of LTC stakeholders in Lithuania concerning: the system and its challenges; what factors they consider as most significant to successful LTC policies and their implementation; and how the concept of social investment should be understood.