bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological, But Neither Clinical Nor Endoscopic Activity Predicts the Risk of Colectomy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Treated With Biologics
Authors: Zhao Mirabella , Riis Lene Buhl , Lo Bobby , Attauabi Mohamed , Ovesen Pernille Dige , Wewer Mads Damsgaard , Larsen Lone , Dige Anders , Hvas Christian Lodberg , Poulsen Anja , Christiansen Dagmar , Nagras Zainab Gassem , Dahlin Pernille , Petersen Andreas Munk , Bendtsen Flemming , Seidelin Jakob , Burisch Johan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Biological treatment failure is common in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), but the predictive value of baseline histological activity is unknown.

Aims
We aimed to investigate the associations between baseline histological activity and outcomes after biological treatment in patients with UC.

Methods
Adult biological-naïve patients with UC (n = 150) were followed prospectively during biological treatment. Histological activity was assessed using the Nancy Index and Geboes score. Endoscopic activity was assessed using the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES). Associations with outcomes were assessed in multivariable models. Associations between histological, endoscopic, and biochemical activity were assessed using Spearman’s correlation.

Results
In biological-treated patients with UC, severe histological activity at baseline was independently associated with colectomy risk during the induction period (Nancy 2 vs 4: odds ratio [OR] 0.18, 95% CI 0.01-0.61, P = 0.024; Nancy 3 vs 4: OR 0.12, 95% CI 0.02-0.63, P = .019; Geboes 3 vs 5: OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.00-0.57, P = .033; Geboes 4 vs 5: OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.01-0.69, P = 0.032) and total follow-up (Nancy 2 vs 4: HR 0.23, 95% CI 0.06-0.98, P = 0.046; Nancy 3 vs 4: HR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.47, P = 0.002; Geboes 4 vs 5: HR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-0.93, P = 0.038). Meanwhile, baseline MES was not independently associated with colectomy risk. Histological activity was correlated with MES and the levels of C-reactive protein, hemoglobin, and albumin, but not calprotectin.

Conclusions
Severe histological activity at baseline as characterized by a higher Nancy Index or Geboes score independently predicted colectomy risk in biological-treated UC patients, whereas MES did not. Thus, histological assessment should be encouraged before initiating biological treatment.
Fleeing Deprivation: Deducing Non-Refoulement Obligations from Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Authors: Ferolla Vallandro do Valle Mariana 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
While the principle of non-refoulement is today acknowledged as the cornerstone of the general human rights regime protecting people on the move, developments of the content of this principle have focused on risks of harm to civil and political (CP) rights. Factors affecting economic, social and cultural (ESC) rights have been addressed only indirectly, where socio-economic deprivation is deemed to amount to inhuman and degrading treatment. Nevertheless, not every instance of severe harm to ESC rights will necessarily equate to ill-treatment. Failure to recognize an autonomous basis for non-refoulement obligations in ESC rights may thus lead to gaps in protection and contribute to the trend of underdevelopment of the legal content of ESC rights in comparison to CP ones. This article thus addresses whether obligations of non-refoulement can be autonomously deduced from treaty provisions on ESC rights. In doing so, it delves into the legal basis upon which the principle of non-refoulement in general human rights law is built, according to the practice of international human rights bodies in interpreting and applying this principle. The article takes into account the practice of all regional human rights frameworks (African, European, and Inter-American) and United Nations treaty bodies that have dealt with the principle of non-refoulement, seeking to discern a common foundation to this principle’s rationale and scope. It is submitted that non-refoulement qualifies as a positive obligation to prevent risks of severe harm to rights by third parties and is, accordingly, inherent in all human rights. The compatibility between ESC rights obligations and non-refoulement is then analysed, and ways to render practicable the application of non-refoulement in connection with these rights are identified, focusing on immediate obligations stemming from ESC rights and minimum threshold obligations. Finally, objections to non-refoulement based on socio-economic grounds, namely concerns regarding the potential increase of mass migratory influxes and the added value of such a norm, are addressed. The article concludes that neither legal nor non-legal considerations bar deducing non-refoulement obligations from ESC rights and that much of the reasoning applied to non-refoulement assessments in cases involving CP rights can be transposed to cases involving ESC rights, especially when immediate ESC rights obligations are at stake.
Concentration inequalities for sums of Markov-dependent random matrices
Authors: Neeman Joe , Shi Bobby , Ward Rachel 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We give Hoeffding- and Bernstein-type concentration inequalities for the largest eigenvalue of sums of random matrices arising from a Markov chain. We consider time-dependent matrix-valued functions on a general state space, generalizing previous results that had only considered Hoeffding-type inequalities, and only for time-independent functions on a finite state space. In particular, we study a kind of non-commutative moment generating function, provide tight bounds on this object and use a method of Garg et al. (A matrix expander Chernoff bound. In Proceedings of the 50th Annual ACM SIGACT Symposium on Theory of Computing, STOC 2018, page 1102–1114, New York, NY, USA, 2018. Association for Computing Machinery) to turn this into tail bounds. Our proof proceeds spectrally, bounding the norm of a certain perturbed operator. In the process we make an interesting connection to dynamical systems and Banach space theory to prove a crucial result on the limiting behaviour of our moment generating function that may be of independent interest.
Power Grabs from the Top: A Database of Self-Coups
Authors: Goldsmith Arthur A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research note introduces new global data on self-coups—rapid moves by sitting executive leaders to “overthrow” their own governments and illegitimately maintain or extend power. Self-coups are distinct from ordinary coups (sudden illegal attempts by other elites to topple the sitting executive) and overlap with incumbent takeovers (incremental quasi-legal steps by the sitting executive to amass power). Still, there is conceptual discord about what delineates self-coups and a resultant lack of consensus about basic facts, even about where and when self-coups have happened. To provide a firmer foundation for investigating the self-coup phenomenon systematically, I draw from eight datasets and original data collection and coding to present comprehensive data on 147 individual events (plus 90 candidate incidents that did not fully meet the criteria) in the 1950–2022 period. The dataset provides information on the perpetrators, targets, flashpoint dates, and methods of these events. Illustrative statistical analysis suggests that following a self-coup, the level of international economic aid tends to have a negative effect on the probability that a country will hold competitive elections. Future research may apply these data for a better understanding of the causes of self-coups and the long-term effects of self-coups on political and economic development.
Exploring Household Preferences for Visualising Consumption Information: Towards Data Physicalizations to Promote Sustainable Practices
Authors: Perera Dushani , Verdezoto Dias Nervo , Gwilliam Julie , Eslambolchilar Parisa 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper explores household preferences for visualizing consumption data and investigates the potential of data physicalizations to enhance user engagement and promote sustainable practices within households. We conducted semi-structured interviews with thirteen households, utilizing a combination of images and low-fidelity prototypes to gain insights into participants’ preferences, ideas and feedback on visualizing consumption information. We requested participants to discuss an object in their home that symbolizes sustainability. The results revealed different emotional responses, from empathy to repulsion, triggered by different visual representations. Our findings also identified certain physical objects and locations within the household that play a role in fostering family collaboration towards sustainable practices. Participants preferred having a physical representation of their consumption data within their homes over a screen-based display. In light of these findings, we open space to consider designing physicalizations that encourage collaboration, enhance user engagement and motivate households to reduce their consumption.
Duty to act on knowledge: precautions, intelligence and the law of armed conflict
Authors: Breeze Emma J 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
As Einstein famously said ‘[t]hose who have the privilege to know have the duty to act…’ (Albert Einstein c. 1929). This article takes the precautionary obligations of the Law of Armed Conflict (LOAC) to argue that parties to an armed conflict are obliged to act on their intelligence to minimize the harm to civilians caught up in the conflict. As such, it assesses the relationship between intelligence and the precautions to be taken against attacks under LOAC. It uses the context of Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) to illustrate some of the challenges that may be faced in interpreting the law and to demonstrate how significant a thorough understanding of this obligation could be in protecting civilians. I argue that states have an obligation to use their actionable intelligence to protect civilians under their control and for more than merely militarily advantageous reasons. However, the critical challenge is in establishing the scope of the obligation in terms of control and temporality, with limited judicial handling reducing clarity. Nonetheless, I contend that there is a legal obligation on states, beyond the territorial state, to proactively use intelligence during armed conflict to protect civilians from IEDs as well as other evolving threats of armed conflict.
Surgical risk and cause of death among octogenarian and nonagenarian patients with colorectal cancer: a Japanese multicenter study
Authors: Hashimoto Shintaro , Nonaka Takashi , Tominaga Tetsuro , Shiraishi Toshio , Noda Keisuke , Ono Rika , Hisanaga Makoto , Takeshita Hiroaki , Fukuoka Hidetoshi , Fukuoka Kazuo To , Tanaka Kenji , Kunizaki Masaki , Sawai Terumitsu , Matsumoto Keitaro 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The number of elderly people undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer has been increasing. We examine prognosis, including risks of surgery by age and cancer- and noncancer-related deaths.

Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed 1830 patients who underwent curative resection colorectal surgery. Patients were divided into oldest-old (&gt;85 years old, n = 49), elderly (75–84 years old, n = 637), and young (&lt;75 years old, n = 1144) patient groups.

Results
Physical status was poorer (P &lt; .001), postoperative complications were more frequent (49.0% vs. 20.9% vs. 18.4%; P &lt; .001), and adjuvant chemotherapy was less frequent (0% vs. 44.3% vs. 83.5%; P &lt; .001) as patients got older. Multivariate analysis revealed oldest-old [odds ratio (OR) 4.373, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.362–8.110; P &lt; .001] as independent predictors of postoperative complications. Elderly patients [hazard ratio (HR) 2.494, 95%CI 1.707–3.642; P &lt; .001], oldest-old patients (HR 5.969, 95%CI 3.229–11.035; P &lt; .001), poor physical status (HR 2.546, 95%CI 1.694–3.827; P &lt; .001), and postoperative complications (HR 1.805, 95%CI 1.252–2.602; P = .001) were predictive factors for noncancer-specific survival.

Conclusions
Elderly patients had many complications and a higher risk of dying from other causes. Surgical risk and general condition must be considered when deciding the appropriateness of surgery and adjuvant therapy.
Omission of postoperative radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in low-risk breast cancer
Authors: Palmér Sofia , Valachis Antonis , Lindman Henrik , Smith Daniel Robert , Wickberg Åsa , Killander Fredrika , Bjöhle Judith , Einbeigi Zakaria , Nilsson Greger , Ahlgren Johan , Villman Kenneth 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
This prospective cohort study aimed to assess whether postoperative radiotherapy could safely be omitted in women ≥ 65 years with low-risk, estrogen receptor (ER)-positive T1N0 breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery and adjuvant endocrine therapy.

Methods
Eligible patients were women ≥ 65 years with unifocal, non-lobular, grade 1 or 2, ER-positive, pT1N0 breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery and endocrine therapy for five years. Patients were followed up with mammography at least annually for 10 years. The primary endpoint was local recurrence. Secondary endpoints were contralateral breast cancer, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival.

Results
The final study cohort included 601 patients with a median age of 71 years (range: 65 to 90 years) and a median tumor size of 11 mm (range: 3 to 20 mm). Median follow-up time was 119 months (interquartile range: 103 to 121 months). The cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 1.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8 to 2.8%) and 5.5% (95% CI: 3.8 to 7.6%) at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of contralateral breast cancer was 1.7% (95% CI: 0.9 to 3.0%) at 5 years and 4.5% (95% CI: 3.0 to 6.6%) at 10 years. The overall survival rate at 10 years was 83.1% (95% CI: 80.8 to 85.4%). In total, three patients (0.5%) died due to breast cancer.

Conclusion
Our results support the possibility to omit radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery in a well-defined subgroup of women aged ≥ 65 years with low-risk, ER-positive, pT1N0 breast cancer receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy.
Unconditional Lotteries in Web Surveys—Evidence from a Large-Scale Experiment
Authors: Holtermann Helge , Skjelbred Siv-Elisabeth , Wiborg Vegard 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Extensive research suggests that upfront unconditional payments boost response rates compared to a promised payment conditional upon completion. However, we do not know whether the benefits of unconditionality also apply to lottery incentives, which are now commonly used. This study examines how unconditional lotteries affect response rates by randomly allocating sample members in a large web-survey of Norwegian master’s graduates (N = 11,291) to three groups—no-incentive, unconditional lottery, and conditional lottery—during the winter 2021/2022. Comparing response rates across treatments, we find that the unconditional lottery incentive does not outperform the conditional lottery incentive, but both types of lottery incentives modestly boost the response rate compared to no incentive. Moreover, although respondents differ from the population on some background characteristics, the lottery incentives neither alleviate nor increase this bias.
(008) FIRST SAFETY AND PATIENT SATISFACTION STUDY FOR THE NEW RIGICON INFLA10® INFLATABLE PENILE PROSTHESIS
Authors: Cinar B , Wilson S , Gross M , Saribacek A , Atwater B , Culha M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
For 51 and 36 years there have been two inflatable penile prostheses (IPP) manufactured in the United States (US) by Boston Scientific and Coloplast. Since 2019 another US manufactured IPP, Rigicon Infla10®, has been available in countries outside the US. Federal Drug Administration (FDA) studies for approval of Infla10® in the US are presently underway.

Objective
This study aims to report the very first efficacy and safety study of the newly available Rigicon Infla10 inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP).

Methods
We report a single surgeon’s first 58 patients who underwent Rigicon Infla10® IPP between March 2019 and October 2023. Among them, 41 patients (70%) received the Infla10 X (girth expansion) cylinder, and 17 patients (30%) received the Infla10 AX (length and girth expansion) model. Follow-up ranged from 4 to 42 months (median 19 months).

Results
Reoperation was required in 5 patients (8.6%). Adverse events were urethral erosion in one patient (1.7%) at day 45 post-surgery, infection necessitating prosthesis removal in one patient (1.7%) at day 55 post-surgery, and mechanical malfunction due to tubing breakage at pump junction in 3 (5%) patients. The problem was addressed by the manufacturer and the last 20 patients in the series have been mechanically sound. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed the rates of cumulative survival of the device at 12 and 24 months were 96.6% and 93.8%, respectively. Patient-reported outcomes showed that 53 patients (91.4%) were satisfied and would recommend the procedure to others with similar conditions. Diminished satisfaction in the remainder were because of perceived penile shortening in 3 patients (5.1%), and difficulty learning the pump in 2 patients (3.4%).

Conclusions
In the very first safety and efficacy study for the Rigicon Infla10®, this single surgeon series demonstrates high rates of patient satisfaction with appropriate early safety from revision. While very new in the marketplace, the Infla10® IPP shows early comparable efficacy and safety from revision compared to competitive 3-piece devices available for decades.

Disclosure
Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Steven Wilson is a consultant for International Medical Devices, Rigicon and Uramix.
(009) THE PENIS SCORE AND PROPOSAL OF THE PACKAGE CHECKLIST: A META-EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY ON PENILE AMPUTATION AND REPLANTATION
Authors: Hellstrom W , Tran A , Machado B , Kuykendall K , Spencer H , Scherzer N , Almajed W , Saghir N , Saghir R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Penile amputation causes severe physical and psychosocial distress. Microsurgical implementation in penile replantation is presumed to be superior to surgical repair. This assumption has been difficult to verify.

Objective
The purpose of this study was threefold: (1) to produce an updated review of penile replantation, substantiated by the largest sample size to date; (2) to appraise the comparative value of the novel PENIS Score and propose the PACKAGE Checklist, a guide for standardization of future case reports and reviews; and (3) to improve confusing terminology and recommend the standardization of vocabulary.

Methods
A literature review assessed 432 full-text case reports in 20 languages and identified 123 microsurgical and 40 surgical cases of penile replantation. The novel PENIS Score stratified penile amputations based on 5 criteria: position along the shaft, extension through the penis, neurovascular repair, ischemia time and type, and severed edge condition and contamination. For the outcome measurements, a Kendall tau coefficient evaluated the association between each PENIS criterion for short-term postoperative complications and 3 outcome measures: erection, urination, and sensation.

Results
Less than half of surgical reports on penile replantation are sufficiently detailed to complete all PENIS Score criteria. The viability of microsurgical and surgical replantation was equivalent at 92% and 94%, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between microsurgical repair and the return of sensation but not with nerve repair. Return of sensation with nerve repair was 51%, and microsurgical replantation without nerve repair was 42%; both were significantly higher than the 14% for surgical replantation. Preservation of a skin bridge was associated with a 40% reduction in severe postoperative complications.

Conclusions
Microsurgical replantation is superior in return of sensation, with or without nerve repair. Implementing the PACKAGE Checklist and PENIS Score will help inform case reports and reviews.

Disclosure
No.
(012) A NOVEL TECHNIQUE OF CORPORAL REPAIR DURING TRANS CORPORAL ARTIFICIAL URINARY SPHINCTER CUFF PLACEMENT WITH AN INFLATABLE PENILE PROSTHESIS IN PLACE USING ALLOGENIC PERICARDIAL GRAFT (TUTOPLAST®)
Authors: Mahdi M , Westney OL , Wang R 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Number of patients with post prostatectomy stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and erectile dysfunction (ED) is growing. And the use Artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) and inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) in the management of such conditions has proven its efficacy, especially for the refractory cases. Many patients have both devices, and since the AUS revision rates are higher, some will need further AUS procedures with their IPP in place. This might constitute a challenge that require special consideration.

Objective
We review a new technique for corporal repair using allogenic pericardial graft (Tutoplast®) in patients undergoing AUS revision procedure with trans corporal (TC) AUS cuff placement with IPP cylinders in situ. The intent is to separate and protect the IPP cylinders and AUS cuff.

Methods
We report a new technique of corporal repair during TC AUS revision procedure with in situ IPP. The technique has been done for two patients so far. In both patients a 3 cm bilateral corporotomies were done to create a corporal flap on the dorsal side of the urethra for the new cuff TC placement. Then a Tutoplast® graft of a proper size was sutured to the lateral edges of corporotomies to isolate the IPP in situ cylinders from the planned new TC cuff (fig. 1). Next, the AUS cuff was placed between the graft and the corporal flap/urethra followed by the placement of other AUS component.

Results
No early post-operative complications noted. Patients presented for AUS activation six weeks following the surgery. Functions of both AUS and IPP were confirmed during the visit and patients were instructed to use both devices. During the three and six months post-operative visits both patients were completely continent (using &lt;1 pad/day) and were using the IPPs without any issues or complains.

Conclusions
A preliminary data supports the safety and short-term efficacy of using allogenic pericardial graft (Tutoplast®) in corporal repair for patients undergoing TC AUS cuff placement with an IPP cylinders in place. The technique might protect both the functioning IPP and the new AUS cuff and decrease the mechanical failure with ideal hemostasis during the surgery. Further studies on larger populations are needed to support the long-term efficacy of this technique.

Disclosure
No.