bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hospital Emergency Plan
Authors: Mezzetti M.G. , Mare F. , Pontari A. , Ronchetti E. , Serra G.C. 
Published: May 2019

By definition, hospitals should be among the places with the highest safety index (1). But often, on these premises, we have occasional accidents which may be dangerous and which illustrate the way hospitals are exposed to various and often undervalued risks.The incidences of unforeseen, dangerous situations involving sudden accidents, of uncontrollable emergency conditions and also of larger catastrophes are awful. Recent accidents proved inadequate safety inside hospitals. In Parma (2) escaping gas was followed by an explosion that destroyed a division of the hospital and resulted in wounded and dead. In Mondovi, an explosion in the central heating system of the hospital caused the death of an employee. A fire that broke out in an old people's home in Southern Italy brought about the death of three persons. The first shocks of the earthquake in 1980 caused the death of many patients and staff (including six physicians) in the so called “safe” hospital of San Angelo Dei Lombardi. In the earthquake in 1976 many patients and some personnel of the hospital staff in Gemona, Friuli lost their lives (3)Apparently these facts are not closely linked together. Some were caused by human error, others by inadequacy of buildings, age of structures, even where the disaster was due to natural causes. However all these events show the presence of the common denominator of “high risk,” typical of hospital structures (4,5). The principle dangerous situations are: (a) risks coming from the structures of the premises (no earthquake-proof principles of modular structure); and (b) risks connected with the working activities (6,7).
Guidelines for Fixed Wing Air Ambulance Flights
Authors: Fairhurst R.J. , Antrobus Captain D. 
Published: May 2019

The easy availability of small aircraft for charter, has been accompanied by increasing willingness on the part of insurance companies to pay the costs for the use of these air ambulances. Operators of aircraft in the United Kingdom and Europe were becoming increasingly worried about the moral, medical and legal implications of carrying seriously ill or injured passengers. In late 1980 the UK Air Taxi Operators Association (ATOA) began to formulate Guidelines for air ambulance operations, and in 1981 these were incorporated into the studies of the same subject by the International Business Aircraft Association (IBAA), Europe. This paper presents the Guidelines adopted by the ATOA and ratified by IBAA Europe. The Guidelines are designed not to hamper the development of aeormedical rescue, but to bring it within a proper medical aeronautical framework for the safety of the patients, and medical and aircraft crews.During the last 30 years development of the international travel market in Europe has resulted in many patients becoming ill or suffering injuries many miles from their own home. In the past these people would have remained in a local hospital and received treatment by the locally available facilities. There has been a revolution in the technology of medical transport, providing skills and equipment which allows the most seriously injured people to be transported over long distances. The public demand has pressed insurance companies to offer as part of travel packages the possiblity of medical repatriation. The number of new serious medical cases abroad reported to Europ Assistance in London, rose from 736 in 1978 to a projected 3,500 in 1983.
Organization of Health Services in Refugee Camps of Somalia: Integrating National Services and International Aid
Authors: Tresalti E. , Abdulle F. , Ismail H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Somali government has had to deal with serious health problems in the refugee population, especially malnutrition, tubercolosis, malaria, schistosomiasis, and parasitic diseases, arising from changes in environment and living patterns, the process of migration itself, lack of food, and the settlement in special camps. Emergency health plans have therefore been formulated by the Ministry of Health in concert with international agencies, foreign governments, and private aid organizations. An original contribution has been made by the Department of Community Health at the Faculty of Medicine at the National University, in the field of health education and health care. A number of problems were encountered, originating from varying philosophies of intervention and from the particular cultural characteristics of the population. The authors compare their experience with the period of mass resettlement during and after the 1974-75 drought in order to arrive at recommendations for the planning of health services in similar situations.
Nutritional State of Children in Qorioley Refugee Camps, Somalia
Authors: Tresalti E. , Ismail H. , Egal K.A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe nutritional status of children in the 3 refugee camps at Qorioley, Somalia, was studied in Dec, 1979-3an 1980. Out of the 13,000 children under 5 in a total camp population of 49,000, a sample of 1700 was selected for measurements. Food and water supplies and environmental hygiene were also evaluated. Growth in weight was near normal from birth to 7 mo. age, slowed sharply during 7-24 mo. (as compared with reference curves), and picked up during 24-60 mo., to become nearly parallel to, although lower than, the normal curve. The arm circumference curve was similar. Growth curve for height, on the other hand, was closer to the reference curve. The curve for head circumference was normal. These data clearly point to malnutrition one of the major indices of poor health. Food supply for 3000 cal daily per child was theoretically available (not counting medically ordered supplements), but in many cases did not reach the children because of cultural food taboos and it having been sold to obtain other goods.
A Refugee Health Care Training Workshop for Health Professionals in the United States
Authors: Feldstein Bruce , Frelick Graeme 
Published: May 2019

Since the Cambodian refugee emergency of 1979, refugee emergencies continue to be a global problem. Health care workers returning from the Cambodian emergency relief presented the need for improved predeparture training and orientation to the Second World Congress on Emergency and Disaster Medicine in Pittsburgh and elsewhere (1,2). The special training needs of health professionals working in such emergencies have come to the attention of the National Council for International Health in the US (NCIH) whose role is to increase US effectiveness in international health in developing countries (3,4,5). NCIH, established in 1971, is a private non-profit organization. Membership includes individuals, private and voluntary organizations, health and medical associations, universities, governmental agencies, foundations, corporations and consulting firms.Worldwide today, more than 10 mill. refugees have been forced to leave their homelands because of political and civil disturbances, war, famine, earthquakes, floods and other disasters. Host governments are often unable to deal with these situations and rely on international relief to provide for the various physical, humanitarian and other needs of these victims.Providing health care is a complex process that takes place in phases within political, economic, social and cultural constraints that are unfamiliar to health care workers without prior experience or special training. Unfortunately training to meet these emergencies is either non-existent or consists of brief predeparture sessions. Only a fraction of those with prior experience are available at short notice. In Thailand, for example, organizations were forced to recruit medical professionals who were inexperienced in refugee relief.
Emergency Medical Services System Activation of a Pre-Planned Disaster Response to an Airplane Crash
Authors: Jacobs Lenworth M. , Bennett Barbara R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system response to a multiple victim disaster can be preplanned to identify various components, such as scene authority, communications, triage, vehicular staging, and point-of-entry of patients to area hospitals. On 1/23/82, a DC-10 airplane carrying 210 people, slid off the runway while landing at night on ice at Boston's Logan airport. The plane broke into two pieces after it slid into Boston Harbor; 33 patients required definitive medical management and were transported to 7 area hospitals. The Boston EMS system, coordinated through one Resource Trauma Center, utilizing a central communications center, was responsible for the medical component. Hospital categorization on-scene triage, patient staging, patient transportation and regionalization of resources have changed the City's plan to reflect new EMS developments.On January 23, 1982, Boston experienced the final stages of a winter storm that began with snow followed by freezing rain. A plane with 198 passengers and 12 crew members was the last plane scheduled to land before the runway was closed for plowing and sanding. The DC-10 landed and slid off the runway into Boston Harbor. The plowing and sanding crew that was scheduled to service the runway was in position, and therefore witnessed the incident and confirmed the crash.
The importance of formulating insect growth regulators with surfactants and their blends for the control of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Mkhize J. N. , Gupta A. P. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe use of surfactants and their blends to improve the penetration of two insect growth regulators (IGRs; hydroprene and R-20458) into wheat kernels was investigated. It was found that formulation of IGRs with a surfactant, Tween-85 (polyoxyethylene trioleate), increased mortality and/or effectiveness of the IGRs. Formulation of hydroprene with a blend of Span-80 (sorbitan monooleate) with Tween-80 (polyoxyethylene monooleate) produced results comparable to those by hydroprene with Tween-85. However, formulations of IGRs with surfactants with high or low hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB), failed to provide suitable control of the weevil, probably due to the type of emulsions formed. The same results were obtained with hydroprene formulations with blends of Spans and Tweens, even though their HLBs were close to that of Tween-85. Residual half-life for hydroprene was about three months; formulations with Tween-85 or a blend of Span-80 did not enhance the residual activity for hydroprene in wheat.
Residual toxicity of various insecticidal formulations to the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei Ferrari (Scolytidae: Coleoptera)
Authors: Mansingh Ajai , Rhodes Llewellyn F. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe persistence of 34 formulations in the green (G) and red (R) berries of C. arabica var. typica, infested with female adult H. hampei were assayed by a dip-technique. The 3-day LC50 values in G and R (figures in parentheses) berries for thiodan EC 35 were 0.00284 (0.00327), and the relative ratio of values for other formulations were: perfekthion 1.2 (2.1) > carbicron 1.6 (2.3) > basudin 3.5 (3.2) > actellic 4.0 (3.6) > decis 4.1 (3.7) > thiodan EC 3 4.2 (4.2) > bidrin 5.8 (5.0) > malathion 5.8 (5.1) > lindane 5.8 (5.6) > ciodrin 5.9 (5.6) > folimat 6.0 (6.0) > belmark 6.2 (6.3) > aldicarb 8.0 (9.7) > nexion 11.0 (12.0)>kelthane 13.5 (15.4) > tiovel 14.6 (16.3) > dursban 15.6 (22.0) > chlordane 17.8 (23.8) > methomyl 21.5 (24.3) > aldrin 25.1 (24.9) > supona 27.2 (26.5) > dimilin 29.0 (27.5) > methoxychlor 31.7 (92.2) > chlorfenvinphos 35.8 (92.5) > dieldrin 41.2 (93.8) > phosdrin 65.0 (94.7)>sevin 104.2 (118.0)> nexagan 106.4 (121.9) > bimarit 196.4 (301.7) > azodrin 271.2 (410.4) > fenitrothion 448.3 (417.0) > chlorpyrifos 448.8 (614.3) > gardona 514.6 (703.1), -fold more than the thiodan EC 35 values.The 7-day LC50 values for 29 formulations were ca 10–82% less than those of the 3-day values; the decrease in the values for leading formulations being thiodan EC 35 13.4 (8.3), perfekthion 6.5 (39.9), carbicron 12.4 (10.6), thiodan EC 324.3 (16.4), malathion 35.2 (25.7), lindane 82.1 (76.9) and tiovel 59.6 (67). The values for the 17 least toxic formulations (except dimilin and bimarit) showed ca 27–88% decrease during the last 4 days of observations.
New tetrapodomorph vertebrates from the Yam-Tesovo locality (Amata Regional Stage, Middle–Upper Devonian) of Leningrad Region, northwestern Russia
Authors: LEBEDEV Oleg A. , CLÉMENT Gaël 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTEach piece of data is valuable for unearthing the earliest history of tetrapod origin. Despite frequently incomplete preservation, each skeletal element provides important information on the morphology, phylogeny and faunistic diversity of early tetrapodomorphs. We describe here new and earlier collected material from the fossil vertebrate site Yam-Tesovo on the Oredezh River (Leningrad Region, northwestern Russia) in the deposits of the Yam-Tesovo Formation within the Amata Regional Stage (?lowermost Frasnian, Upper Devonian). Upon similarity of their dermal ornamentation, two mandibular fragments are suggested to belong to the new tetrapodomorph taxonRubrognathuskuleshovin. gen. et sp. This species demonstrates a general ‘elpistostegalian' morphological pattern with some early tetrapod characters. The new taxon is characterised by an almost closed intercoronoid fossa, a prearticular that is strongly convex in section and bearing small teeth along its dorsal margin, low vertical coronoid laminae and coronoid fangs that enter the coronoid tooth row. The mandibular canal runs partly in open groove or opens to the surface by a row of large pores. The dermal ornament consists of a network of small ridges forming tubercles in the nodes. The postfrontal assigned to Tetrapodomorpha shows a ‘tetrapod-like' pits-and-ridges sculpturing and a supraorbital ridge characteristic of early tetrapods as well as ‘elpistostegalians'. Its long posterolateral bone margin demonstrates a lateral projection similar to that inTiktaalikand unknown in other ‘elpistostegalians' and early tetrapods. An unusually flattened vomer is doubtfully related to the tetrapodomorph genusLivonianaAhlberg, Lukševičs & Mark-Kurik, 2000, based upon characteristic multiple tooth rows. Teeth in rows decrease labially and show no clearly enlarged fang pairs. New finds of the last two decades present the earliest records of some tetrapod characters in non-limbed tetrapodomorphs. This challenges previous hypotheses on the origin of tetrapods.
Wide-field auroral imager onboard the Fengyun satellite
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xin , Chen Bo , He Fei , Song Ke-Fei , He Ling-Ping , Liu Shi-Jie , Guo Quan-Feng , Li Jia-Wei , Wang Xiao-Dong , Zhang Hong-Ji , Wang Hai-Feng , Han Zhen-Wei , Sun Liang , Zhang Pei-Jie , Dai Shuang , Ding Guang-Xing , Chen Li-Heng , Wang Zhong-Su , Shi Guang-Wei , Zhang Xin , Yu Chao , Yang Zhong-Dong , Zhang Peng , Wang Jin-Song 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe newly launched Fengyun-3D (FY-3D) satellite carried a wide-field auroral imager (WAI) that was developed by Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CIOMP), which will provide a large field of view (FOV), high spatial resolution, and broadband ultraviolet images of the aurora and the ionosphere by imaging the N2 LBH bands of emissions. The WAI consists of two identical cameras, each with an FOV of 68° in the along-track direction and 10° in the cross-track direction. The two cameras are tilted relative to each other to cover a fan-shaped field of size 130° × 10°. Each camera consists of an unobstructed four-mirror anastigmatic optical system, a BaF2 filter, and a photon-counting imaging detector. The spatial resolution of WAI is ~10 km at the nadir point at a reference height of 110 km above the Earth’s surface. The sensitivity is >0.01 counts s−1 Rayleigh−1 pixel−1 (140–180 nm) for both cameras, which is sufficient for mapping the boundaries and the fine structures of the auroral oval during storms/substorms. Based on the tests and calibrations that were conducted prior to launch, the data processing algorithm includes photon signal decoding, geometric distortion correction, photometric correction, flat-field correction, line-of-sight projection and correction, and normalization between the two cameras. Preliminarily processed images are compared with DMSP SSUSI images. The agreement between the images that were captured by two instruments demonstrates that the WAI and the data processing algorithm operate normally and can provide high-quality scientific data for future studies on auroral dynamics.
Statistical Modeling of Heart Rate Variability to Unravel the Factors Affecting Autonomic Regulation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Joshi Rohan , Kommers Deedee , Guo Chengcheng , Bikker Jan-Willem , Feijs Loe , van Pul Carola , Andriessen Peter 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnalyzing heart rate variability (HRV) in preterm infants can help track maturational changes and subclinical signatures of disease. We conducted an observational study to characterize the effect of demographic and cardiorespiratory factors on three features of HRV using a linear mixed-effects model. HRV-features were tailored to capture the unique physiology of preterm infants, including the contribution of transient pathophysiological heart rate (HR) decelerations. Infants were analyzed during stable periods in the incubator and subsequent sessions of Kangaroo care (KC) – an intervention that increases comfort. In total, 957 periods in the incubator and during KC were analyzed from 66 preterm infants. Our primary finding was that gestational age (GA) and postmenstrual age (PMA) have the largest influence on HRV while the HR and breathing rate have a considerably smaller effect. Birth weight and gender do not affect HRV. We identified that with increasing GA and PMA, overall HRV decreased and increased respectively. Potentially these differences can be attributed to distinct trajectories of intra- and extrauterine development. With increasing GA, the propensity towards severe HR decelerations decreases, thereby reducing overall variability, while with increasing PMA, the ratio of decelerations and accelerations approaches unity, increasing overall HRV.
Suizidalität bei Menschen mit pathologischem Glücksspiel
Authors: Bischof Anja , Bischof Gallus , Meyer Christian , Orlowski Svenja , Brandt Dominique , Trachte Anika , Wurst Friedrich M. , John Ulrich , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen 
Published: May 2019

ZusammenfassungSuizidalität ist bei Menschen mit pathologischem Glücksspiel ein weit verbreitetes Phänomen. Risikofaktoren für Suizidalität sind bei Menschen mit Glücksspielproblemen in hohem Maße anzutreffen. Zudem gibt es Hinweise darauf, dass pathologisches Glücksspiel selbst einen Risikofaktor für Suizidgedanken und -versuche darstellt. Diese Übersichtsarbeit fasst die jüngsten Erkenntnisse aus der internationalen Forschung zum Zusammenhang von pathologischem Glücksspiel und Suizidalität unter Berücksichtigung von psychiatrischer Komorbidität zusammen. Internationale Studien zeigen, dass abhängig vom Erhebungssetting zwischen 19 und 62% der Teilnehmenden mit pathologischem Glücksspiel Suizidgedanken und 10 bis 26% einen Suizidversuch unternommen haben. Das Risiko von Suizidalität bei glücksspielbezogenen Problemen zeigt die Notwendigkeit einer erhöhten Sensibilität im Hilfesystem für dieses Thema und für eine Verstärkung präventiver Maßnahmen.
Personal Psychodynamics of Complications
Authors: Vogelzang Robert L. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractComplications are an uncommon but psychologically difficult aspect to any procedural specialty. Being able to deal with the personal aspect of complications and having the tools to learn from and grow from complications are vital aspects of the practice of radiology. This article discusses the psychodynamics of complications that occur in interventional radiology and proposes some coping mechanisms to deal with these adverse events.
Percutaneous Transarterial Stent Placement in a Transplant Liver Hepatic Artery Complicated by Angioplasty Balloon Rupture and Fragmentation
Authors: Vairavamurthy Jenanan P. , Li Charles , Urban Seth , Katz Michael 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe incidence of posttransplant hepatic arterial stenosis (HAS) has been reported in 5 to 10% of orthotopic liver transplants and, left untreated, can lead to hepatic arterial thrombosis. Most vascular complications develop less than 3 months after initial transplant, with thrombosis representing over half of all complications. There has been a trend toward minimally invasive, endovascular techniques for treating HAS with angioplasty and stenting. In one review of endovascular therapies for HAS, primary technical success was achieved in 95% of the interventions. Complication rates following endovascular repair of HAS have been reported to be between 0 and 23% in the literature. The main risk factors for complications include tortuosity of the hepatic artery and history of a second liver transplant. Other associated risk factors include female gender, age greater than 60 years, prior history of transarterial chemoembolization, and multiple arterial graft anastomoses. The case presented here is representative of a complication of balloon rupture and fragmentation in a patient undergoing hepatic arterial stent placement post–liver transplant.
Videolaryngoscope-Aided Electrode Placement for Lower Cranial Nerve Monitoring in a Child with Tonsillar Enlargement
Authors: Thakkar Keta , Singh Georgene , Babu K. S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntraoperative neuromonitoring for tumor resection near brain stem consists of monitoring the lower cranial nerves (CNs) and motor evoked potentials to check for integrity of CN and corticospinal pathway. Usually CN mapping of CN VII (orbicularis oris/oculi and frontalis bilaterally), CN IX, CN X (posterior pharyngeal wall and soft palate bilaterally, vocal cords), CN XI (sternomastoid bilaterally), and CN XII (tongue bilaterally) is done. An intraoral pathology such as tonsillar enlargement especially in pediatric patients can pose a challenge to placement of the electrodes for CN monitoring. Videolaryngoscope will aid in better visualization and safe and precise placement of electrodes in the posterior pharyngeal wall, soft palate, vocal cords, and tongue. Thus, integration of different technologies aims to provide a safer and scientifically sound anesthetic technique and improves the outcome even in challenging situations.
Finding Inspiration for the Next Generation of Breast Radiologists
Authors: Lane Deanna L , Parikh Jay R 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Challenges currently facing breast radiologists, including controversial screening mammography guidelines, radiologist burnout, and the perceived threat posed by artificial intelligence could deter potential candidates from pursuing a career in radiology. However, breast radiologists play a fulfilling role by decreasing the effect of breast cancer through both early detection and direct interaction with patients and interdisciplinary clinical colleagues. While perception is that artificial intelligence will threaten the need for radiologists, it is more likely that it will improve image interpretation and efficiency in workflow, thereby further improving patient care. Trainees can be engaged in breast imaging through interactive teaching methods and by role modeling clinical and image interpretation skills.