bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roman Triumphs and Etruscan Kings: The Changing Face of the Triumph
Authors: Warren Larissa Bonfante 
Published: May 2019

The triumph, to a Roman of the later Republic and Empire, seemed sacred and all of a piece. Its venerable antiquity was more important than its origin or development. So on the one hand Roman antiquarians agreed the triumph was as ancient as Romulus himself; and on the other its antiquity was felt to be confirmed rather than impaired by the connection of many details with the Etruscans—though the ancients never claimed, as modern scholars have done, that the institution itself was borrowed from the Etruscans. It was simply neither important nor desirable to pin down precisely the dates or phases of such a hallowed celebration.Of course it is not true that there were no changes. Yet the Roman attitude may have also affected modern historians, who until rather recently have been satisfied with a kind of ‘unitarian’ view of the triumph as something permanent and immutable, untouched by history; discussions of particular problems, such as the alleged divinization of thetriumphatoror the location of theporta triumphalis, have taken very little account of changes in the triumph itself. Many Roman rituals did, indeed, continue practically unchanged, and it is a peculiarity of Roman history that our most reliable documents for the early period are religious festivals celebrated year after year, rather than written records or histories. But the triumph was, more than other religious festivals, a part of the political life at Rome.
Compliant Parametric Dynamic Movement Primitives
Authors: Ugur Emre , Girgin Hakan 
Published: May 2019

SummaryIn this paper, we propose and implement an advanced manipulation framework that enables parametric learning of complex action trajectories along with their haptic feedback profiles. Our framework extends Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) method with a new parametric nonlinear shaping function and a novel force-feedback coupling term. The nonlinear trajectories of the action control variables and the haptic feedback trajectories measured during execution are encoded with parametric temporal probabilistic models, namely parametric hidden Markov models (PHMMs). PHMMs enable autonomous segmentation of a taught skill based on the statistical information extracted from multiple demonstrations, and learning the relations between the model parameters and the properties extracted from the environment. Hidden states with high-variances in observation probabilities are interpreted as parts of the skill that could not be reliably learned and autonomously executed due to possibly uncertain or missing information about the environment. In those parts, our proposed force-feedback coupling term, which computes the deviation of the actual force feedback from the one predicted by the force-feedback PHMM, acts as a compliance term, enabling a human to scaffold the ongoing movement trajectory to accomplish the task. Our method is verified in a number of tasks including a real pick and place task that involves obstacles of different heights. Our robot, Baxter, successfully learned to generate the trajectory taking into the heights of the obstacles, move its end effector stiffly (and accurately) along the generated trajectory while passing through apertures, and allow human–robot collaboration in the autonomously detected segments of the motion, for example, when the gripper picks up the object whose position is not provided to the robot.
Valuing biodiversity protection: Payment for Environmental Services schemes in Lao PDR
Authors: Scheufele Gabriela , Bennett Jeff 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe design of a Payment for Environmental Services (PES) scheme that involves setting a ‘pseudo market price’ per unit of environmental service requires the estimation of demand and supply. This paper presents the results of discrete choice experiments aimed at estimating the demand for environmental and social services generated by a wildlife protection PES scheme in two protected areas in Lao PDR. The discrete choice experiments targeted international tourists sampled at Vientiane airport and the urban Lao population sampled in Vientiane City as potential buyers of the environmental and social services provided by the PES scheme. The survey was customised to a developing country context to address diversity in respondents' literacy levels, language limitations of the interviewers, socio-cultural conventions, and limited trust in confidentiality and anonymity of the survey process. The marginal benefits of the environmental services so estimated were used to inform the development of a PES scheme.
The Seventh Answer Set Programming Competition: Design and Results
Authors: GEBSER MARTIN , MARATEA MARCO , RICCA FRANCESCO 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAnswer Set Programming (ASP) is a prominent knowledge representation language with roots in logic programming and non-monotonic reasoning. Biennial ASP competitions are organized in order to furnish challenging benchmark collections and assess the advancement of the state of the art in ASP solving. In this paper, we report on the design and results of the Seventh ASP Competition, jointly organized by the University of Calabria (Italy), the University of Genova (Italy), and the University of Potsdam (Germany), in affiliation with the 14th International Conference on Logic Programming and Non-Monotonic Reasoning (LPNMR 2017).
Rolled–crimped cereal rye residue suppresses white mold in no-till soybean and dry bean
Authors: Pethybridge Sarah J. , Brown Bryan J. , Kikkert Julie R. , Ryan Matthew R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhite mold caused by the fungus,Sclerotinia sclerotiorumis a devastating disease of soybean (Glycine max) and other leguminous crops, including dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Previous research has demonstrated that no-till planting soybean into rolled–crimped cereal rye residue can enhance weed management, improve soil health and reduce labor requirements in organic production. However, there are limited data on the effects of cereal rye residue on white mold suppression in no-till planted soybean and dry bean. Two field trials were conducted in 2016–2017 (Year 1) and repeated in 2017–2018 (Year 2) to evaluate the potential of cereal rye cover crop residue to suppress white mold in these crops. In each trial (soybean and dry bean), the experimental design was a randomized complete block with two treatments: (1) rolled–crimped cereal rye residue and (2) no cover crop control. Treatment effects on plant population, biomass and yield components varied between the main crops. Compared with the control treatment, cereal rye residue reduced the incidence of white mold in soybean in both years and in dry bean in Year 2. The reduction in white mold in cereal rye residue plots was due to a combination of (1) decreased sclerotial germination (no stipes formed) and (2) increased nonfunctional sclerotial germination defined here as sclerotia that germinated but produced stipes without the expanded cup where asci containing ascospores are formed. Weed density and biomass were lower in cereal rye residue plots in soybean and dry bean, except in Year 1 in soybean when weed biomass was low in both treatments. Our findings indicate that cereal rye residue could help organic and conventional farmers manage white mold in no-till planted soybean and dry bean. Germination of sclerotia resulting in nonfunctional apothecia could potentially exhaust soilborne inoculum in the upper soil profile and reduce infections in subsequent crops.
Broadband CPW-fed circularly polarized antenna for IoT-based navigation system
Authors: Birwal Amit , Singh Sanjeev , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Kumar Sachin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe paper presents a new coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed rectangular patch antenna with a square-shaped ground plane that can be employed in modern advanced navigation systems. For realizing broad impedance bandwidth in the proposed antenna, a wide slot is introduced in the square ground plane and the rectangular patch is shifted toward the left edge of the ground surface. In addition, by means of introducing square-shaped stubs near the left and right edge of the ground plane, the circular polarization is achieved at L1, L2, and L5 satellite bands. As per the simulation results, the proposed antenna provides a wide impedance bandwidth (S11&lt;−10 dB) of 123% (1.12–4.72 GHz) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 11% (1.15–1.29 GHz) and 18% (1.5–1.8 GHz) suitable for multipurpose wireless applications. The designed single feed circularly polarized antenna is low profile, small size, light weight and easily integrable with other high-frequency communication devices. To validate radiation performance of the proposed structure, the antenna is fabricated and integrated with the commercially available Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and it is found that the measured values are in close agreement with the desired results.
Modeling the Measurement: Δ47, Corrections, and Absolute Ratios for Reference Materials
Authors: Olack Gerard , Colman Albert S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractClumped isotope studies on CO2, Δ47, that is the excess in the isotopologue containing both 13C and 18O at mass 47, can be very useful since they can give temperature estimates independent of the bulk isotopic composition. The measurement itself can be affected by a number of items. Here we develop a data processing model to examine the effects different interferences might have on the final calculated value. It incorporates known issues, for example, pressure baseline, 17O excess, and shifts in absolute ratios for primary reference materials and parameters used for 17O correction. We also included linearity effects as well as differences in isotopologue absolute abundances at a given m/z. What normally would be considered acceptable mass spectrometer 45R and 46R linearity can skew Δ47 results. That is 0.04‰/V and −0.04‰/V linearity on 45R and 46R respectively would also cause an apparent shift in the parameters used for 17O corrections. Measurements were made on CO2(g) equilibrated with water, and we were able to match up the effects seen with model results. Linearity and small differences in amplitude between sample and working reference gas affected Δ47 determination, as did apparent shifts in isotopologue abundances under different conditions. This may (partially) account for discrepancies seen in Δ47‐temperature calibrations curves between laboratories. We also developed an easy way to precisely calculate the δ13C and δ18O that works well in spreadsheets without the need for multiple iterations.
Tectonic, Oceanographic, and Climatic Controls on the Cretaceous‐Cenozoic Sedimentary Record of the Australian‐Antarctic Basin
Authors: Sauermilch I. , Whittaker J. M. , Bijl P. K. , Totterdell J. M. , Jokat W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the patterns and characteristics of sedimentary deposits on the conjugate Australian‐Antarctic margins is critical to reveal the Cretaceous‐Cenozoic tectonic, oceanographic, and climatic conditions in the basin. However, unraveling its evolution has remained difficult due to the different seismic stratigraphic interpretations on each margin and sparse drill sites. Here, for the first time, we collate all available seismic reflection profiles on both margins and use newly available offshore drilling data to develop a consistent seismic stratigraphic framework across the Australian‐Antarctic basins. We find sedimentation patterns similar in structure and thickness, prior to the onset of Antarctic glaciation, enabling the basinwide correlation of four major sedimentary units and their depositional history. We interpret that during the warm and humid Late Cretaceous (~83–65 Ma), large onshore river systems on both Australia and Antarctica resulted in deltaic sediment deposition offshore. We interpret that the onset of clockwise bottom currents during the early Paleogene (~58–48 Ma) formed prominent sediment drift deposits along both continental rises. We suggest that these currents strengthened and progressed farther east through the Eocene. Coevally, global cooling (<48 Ma) and progressive aridification led to a large‐scale decrease in sediment input from both continents. Two major Eocene hiatuses recovered by the Integrated Ocean Discovery Program site U1356A at the Antarctic continental slope likely formed during this preglacial phase of low sedimentation and strong bottom currents. Our results can be used to constrain future paleo‐oceanographic modeling of this region and aid the understanding of the oceanographic changes accompanying the transition from a greenhouse to icehouse world.
Formation and Stability of Same‐Dip Double Subduction Systems
Authors: Pusok Adina E. , Stegman Dave R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA specific configuration of the global subduction system is the “same‐dip” double subduction, which occurs when two parallel subduction zones dip in the same direction. Double subduction convergence rates can be significantly faster than across single subduction systems because of pull by two slabs. However, questions regarding double subduction remain largely unexplored in terms of factors controlling its initiation, duration, and dynamics. In this study, we perform numerical simulations to investigate (i) subduction initiation of a secondary system in a mature single subduction system and (ii) the dynamics and stability of the newly formed system. We start from a single subduction setup, where subduction is already initiated and we stress the system by controlling the convergence rate. Two sets of models (Model A—upper mantle and Model B—deep mantle) are performed, and we compare our results to single and double subduction systems. We find that the forcing needs to overcome the right (front) subduction rate in order to obtain a self‐sustaining double subduction system. However, once initiation of double subduction is successful, the left (rear) subduction dominates the dynamics of the system until simulations reach a steady state with convergence speed‐ups of 2.5 relative to single subduction. Our model results are consistent with previous findings in that convergence rates across double subduction are higher than across single subduction, elevated dynamic pressures are accumulated in between the two slabs, or that the left trench advances while the right trench retreats. Finally, we find that upper mantle models create artificially high pressures in between slabs.
Theory for Deriving Shallow Elasticity Structure From Colocated Seismic and Pressure Data
Authors: Tanimoto Toshiro , Wang Jiong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractColocated seismic and pressure data are available at many seismic stations in the world. For frequencies approximately between 0.01 and 0.05 Hz, colocated data show evidence of strong coupling between the atmosphere and the solid Earth, especially when pressure is high. Coherence between vertical seismic data and pressure is often higher than 0.9. Such data provide information for shallow structure in the upper 50–100 m because they show how the Earth responds to surface pressure changes. We present the basic theory and an inversion scheme for shallow structure using surface observables η(f)=Sz/Sp where f is frequency and Sz and Sp are the power spectral densities of vertical seismic data and of surface pressure data. A vertically heterogeneous medium is assumed beneath a station where density, P wave velocity, and S wave velocity change with depth. We show that the integration of the minors for the equations of motion gives a fast algorithm to compute η(f). Using numerical differentiation, we derive depth sensitivity kernels for η(f) with which we invert η(f) for shallow structure, just like we invert phase velocity of surface waves for the Earth structure. Depth sensitivity kernels show that if we take density, bulk modulus, and rigidity as independent parameters, η(f) has no sensitivity to density structure, making it mainly a function of two elastic constants. We present examples of inversion based on this formulation.
Large Impacts, Past and Future, of Ozone‐Depleting Substances on Brewer‐Dobson Circulation Trends: A Multimodel Assessment
Authors: Polvani L. M. , Wang L. , Abalos M. , Butchart N. , Chipperfield M. P. , Dameris M. , Deushi M. , Dhomse S. S. , Jöckel P. , Kinnison D. , Michou M. , Morgenstern O. , Oman L. D. , Plummer D. A. , Stone K. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSubstantial increases in the atmospheric concentration of well‐mixed greenhouse gases (notably CO2), such as those projected to occur by the end of the 21st century under large radiative forcing scenarios, have long been known to cause an acceleration of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation (BDC) in climate models. More recently, however, several single‐model studies have proposed that ozone‐depleting substances might also be important drivers of BDC trends. As these studies were conducted with different forcings over different periods, it is difficult to combine them to obtain a robust quantitative picture of the relative importance of ozone‐depleting substances as drivers of BDC trends. To this end, we here analyze—over identical past and future periods—the output from 20 similarly forced models, gathered from two recent chemistry‐climate modeling intercomparison projects. Our multimodel analysis reveals that ozone‐depleting substances are responsible for more than half of the modeled BDC trends in the two decades 1980–2000. We also find that, as a consequence of the Montreal Protocol, decreasing concentrations of ozone‐depleting substances in coming decades will strongly decelerate the BDC until the year 2080, reducing the age‐of‐air trends by more than half, and will thus substantially mitigate the impact of increasing CO2. As ozone‐depleting substances impact BDC trends, primarily, via the depletion/recovery of stratospheric ozone over the South Pole, they impart seasonal and hemispheric asymmetries to the trends which may offer opportunities for detection in coming decades.
Mafic Minerals in the South Pole‐Aitken Basin
Authors: Zhang Xunyu , Zhu Meng‐Hua , Bugiolacchi Roberto 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe formation of the South Pole‐Aitken (SPA) basin is thought to excavate the deep crust or mantle because of its large size. The pervasive orthopyroxene‐dominated materials found across the basin suggest that they either represent the SPA impact melt or the excavated materials from the lower crust and/or upper mantle. This study analyzes the relative content and distribution of mafic minerals in the SPA area based on the spectra from small fresh craters. The orthopyroxene‐dominated materials in the nonmare regions are classified into two types based on their distribution and different composition. One is distributed from the center to the edge across the SPA basin and interpreted as the SPA impact melt. The other is Mg richer and generally located in some plagioclase‐rich regions (e.g., some large impact craters/basins and the SPA edge), thought to represent materials from the lower crust and/or upper mantle. For the maria in the SPA area, the basaltic materials in the northwest are found to be richer in olivine and/or clinopyroxene than the southern ones.
Extreme Memory of Initial Conditions in Numerical Landscape Evolution Models
Authors: Kwang J. S. , Parker G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractLandscape evolution models (LEMs) are dependent on their initial conditions (ICs). Commonly, LEMs use a horizontal surface with randomized perturbations as their IC and tend toward a steady state under constant forcing. The initial and steady state topographies are inherently linked, but they bear no obvious resemblance to each other. Here we reveal a connection by adding a shallow sinusoidal channel to the IC. This channel transforms into a deep canyon at steady state. Hence, the general behavior of LEMs is to indefinitely preserve topographic features from their ICs. Then we test whether experimental landscapes exhibit a similar behavior. In our experiments, we use the same sinusoidal signal, but find that it is ultimately erased. We believe that the culprit reorganizing processes are lateral channel migration and spatiotemporal variability in incision. Our results imply that LEMs are missing fundamental mechanisms and that long‐term preservation of ICs in erosional environments is unlikely.
A New Artificial Neural Network‐Based Global Three‐Dimensional Ionospheric Model (ANNIM‐3D) Using Long‐Term Ionospheric Observations: Preliminary Results
Authors: Gowtam V. Sai , Tulasi Ram S. , Reinisch B. , Prajapati A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we present the preliminary results of a new global three‐dimensional (3‐D) ionospheric model developed using artificial neural networks (ANNs) by assimilating long‐term ionospheric observations from nearly two decades of ground‐based Digisonde, satellite‐based topside sounders, and global positioning system‐radio occultation measurements. The present 3‐D model is named ANN‐based global 3‐D ionospheric model (ANNIM‐3D), which is the extension of previous work on the ANN‐based two‐dimensional ionospheric model by Sai Gowtam and Tulasi Ram (2017a, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JA024795) and Tulasi Ram et al. (2018, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025559). The vertical electron density profiles derived from ANNIM‐3D model are found to be consistent with the ground‐based incoherent scatter radar observations at Jicamarca and Millstone Hill. The model results have been thoroughly validated and found in good agreement with the ground‐based Digisonde and satellite in situ observations at different altitudes. This model successfully reproduces the large‐scale ionospheric phenomena like diurnal and seasonal variations of equatorial ionization anomaly and its hemispheric asymmetries, ionospheric annual anomaly, and the main ionospheric trough. Also, the present model has predicted the ionospheric response that is consistent with the neutral composition changes and meridional wind circulations during disturbed geomagnetic activity periods. Finally, the merits and limitations of this model and the scope for the potential improvements have been discussed.
Electron Density Retrieval From Truncated Radio Occultation GNSS Data
Authors: Lyu Haixia , Hernández‐Pajares Manuel , Monte‐Moreno Enric , Cardellach Estel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis paper summarizes the definition and validation of two complementary new strategies, to invert incomplete Global Navigation Satellite System Radio‐Occultation (RO) ionospheric measurements, such as the ones to be provided by the future EUMETSAT Polar System Second Generation. It will provide RO measurements with impact parameter much below the Low Earth Orbiters' height (817 km): from 500 km down approximately. The first presented method to invert truncated RO data is denoted as Abel‐VaryChap Hybrid modeling from topside Incomplete Global Navigation Satellite System RO data, based on simple First Principles, very precise, and well suited for postprocessing. And the second method is denoted as Simple Estimation of Electron density profiles from topside Incomplete RO data, is less precise, but yields very fast estimations, suitable for Near Real‐Time determination. Both techniques will be described and assessed with a set of 546 representative COSMIC/FORMOSAT‐3 ROs, with relative errors of 7% and 11% for Abel‐VaryChap Hybrid modeling from topside Incomplete Global Navigation Satellite System RO data and Simple Estimation of Electron density profiles from topside Incomplete RO data, respectively, with 20 min and 15 s, respectively, of computational time per occultation in our Intel I7 PC.