bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and Future Treatments for Graves’ Disease and Graves’ Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Kotwal Anupam , Stan Marius 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe course and pathogenesis of Graves’ disease and Graves’ ophthalmopathy are interdependent, influencing each other’s therapeutic choices. Multiple factors including geographic location, access to medical services, patient and physician preferences influence the management of these conditions. Graves’ disease is classically managed with one of three treatment options – antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, and thyroidectomy. In recent years, there has been a shift towards antithyroid drugs, including long term therapy with these agents, given the advantage of avoiding hypothyroidism and the apparent safety of this approach. In addition, new therapies are (slowly) emerging, focusing on immunomodulation. Technological advances are opening doors to non-pharmaceutical interventions that aim to deal with both structural thyroid abnormalities as well as biochemical abnormalities of hyperthyroidism. Graves’ ophthalmopathy management is guided by its activity and severity status, with treatment options including smoking cessation, control of hyperthyroidism, local eye measures, glucocorticoids, selenium, orbital radiotherapy, and surgery. In addition to these established treatment choices, new immunotherapy-based approaches are being tested. Some of them (tocilizumab and teprotumumab) are very promising but further evaluation is needed before we can establish their role in clinical care. Agents identified as beneficial in Graves’ disease management will likely be tested in Graves’ ophthalmopathy as well. In the coming years, our main clinical responsibility will be to find the proper balance between the benefits and potential risks of these incoming therapies, and to identify the subgroups of patients where this ratio is most likely to favor a safe and successful therapeutic outcome.
Plasma Irisin Levels in Subjects with Type 1 Diabetes: Comparison with Healthy Controls
Authors: Tentolouris Anastasios , Eleftheriadou Ioanna , Tsilingiris Dimitrios , Anastasiou Ioanna , Kosta Ourania , Mourouzis Iordanis , Kokkinos Alexandros , Pantos Constantinos , Katsilambros Nikolaos , Tentolouris Nikolaos 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIrisin is a myokine that increases energy expenditure. In this cross-sectional study, we examined for differences in plasma irisin concentrations between subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy individuals and searched for associations between plasma irisin levels and clinical and biochemical characteristics as well as self-reported physical activity. A total of 79 subjects with type 1 diabetes [age 38.2±12.5 years, men/women (n): 27/52], were consecutively recruited. Moreover, 53 healthy controls, matched for age and body mass index with those with diabetes were recruited. Plasma irisin was measured with ELISA. Participants were asked about their physical activity during the last week. We also measured trunk and visceral fat. Circulating irisin levels were lower in subjects with diabetes than in controls [median value (interquartile range): 53.0 (35.2, 106.3) vs. 178.1 (42.6, 641.6) ng/ml, respectively, p<0.001]. In the group of diabetes, univariate analysis showed that irisin levels were associated with waist circumference (beta=–0.283, p=0.023), serum triglycerides (beta=–0.282, p=0.031), and trunk fat (beta=–0.324, p=0.012). In multivariate analysis after adjustment for potential confounders, irisin levels were associated independently only with waist circumference (beta=–0.403, p=0.005). Among controls, multivariate analysis demonstrated that irisin levels were associated with pack-years of smoking (beta=–0.563, p=0.012) and fasting triglycerides (beta=–0.338, p=0.041). Circulating irisin levels were lower in subjects with diabetes in comparison with healthy-matched controls. In conclusion, plasma irisin concentrations in subjects with diabetes were associated with waist circumference, while in controls with serum triglycerides and pack-years of smoking.
Cross-disciplinary Notes for a Study of Rhythm
Authors: Chesterman Andrew 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis context brings together three disciplines: Adaptation Studies, Translation Studies, and Semiotics. The question to be considered is the extent to which these disciplines are really ‘saying almost the same thing’. The present paper examines this question from three angles. First, I summarize some ideas concerning the nature of categories in general, and the function of categorization, from which I infer that we can regard a discipline as a kind of category. Second, I outline some examples of research which overlaps the boundaries between our three fields and thus questions the usefulness of holding such boundaries as permanent and universal. And third, I report a small investigation into rhythm, and in particular, the rhythm of a painting and its title, an investigation which merges such categorial boundaries. I present it in illustration of the view that conceptual categories and their boundaries are only tools, to be used or not, as the purpose requires.
Mild Allergic Transfusion Reactions
Authors: Adkins Brian D , Lawicki Shaun , Johnson Mary , Eichbaum Quentin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesTransfusions are often needlessly aborted after occurrence of a mild allergic transfusion reaction (ATR), leading to wastage and reexposure of recipients to additional blood products (with potential alloimmunization). We aimed to determine the symptoms associated with such reactions (along with other parameters) as a possible reason of concern for transfusionists aborting such transfusions.MethodsWe reviewed the symptomology of all mild ATRs (as well as the associated wastage and costs of aborted transfusions) at an academic medical center that occurred over a period of 1 year.ResultsOf the patients, 52.3% had nonatopic-associated symptoms. The most common associated symptom was tachycardia (37.8%), followed by dyspnea (28.9%), hypotension (17.8%), and hypertension (13.3%). More than half of patients (54.7%) required retransfusion. The estimated cost of product wastage was $12,507.ConclusionsUnderstanding symptoms associated with mild ATRs may lead to improved management of patients, with fewer unnecessary transfusions and less wastage.
Sex Differences in Hypertension: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going
Authors: Ramirez Lindsey A , Sullivan Jennifer C 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
While it has been known since the 1940s that men have greater increases in blood pressure (BP) compared with women, there have been intense efforts more recently to increase awareness that women are also at risk for developing hypertension and that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death among both men and women in the United States. With the release of the 2017 Hypertension Clinical Guidelines, 46% of adults in the United States are now classified as hypertensive, and hypertension is the primary modifiable risk factor for the development of CVD. This increase in the prevalence of hypertension is reflected in an increase in prevalence among both men and women across all demographics, although there were greater increases in the prevalence of hypertension among men compared with women. As a result, the well-established gender difference in the prevalence of hypertension is even more pronounced and now extends into the sixth decade of life. The goals of this review are to (i) review the historical clinical trial data and hypertension guidelines from the perspective of both genders and then (ii) review the role of the renin–angiotensin system and T-cell activation in contributing to sex differences in BP control.
DeepHINT: understanding HIV-1 integration via deep learning with attention
Authors: Hu Hailin , Xiao An , Zhang Sai , Li Yangyang , Shi Xuanling , Jiang Tao , Zhang Linqi , Zhang Lei , Zeng Jianyang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome integration is closely related to clinical latency and viral rebound. In addition to human DNA sequences that directly interact with the integration machinery, the selection of HIV integration sites has also been shown to depend on the heterogeneous genomic context around a large region, which greatly hinders the prediction and mechanistic studies of HIV integration.

Results
We have developed an attention-based deep learning framework, named DeepHINT, to simultaneously provide accurate prediction of HIV integration sites and mechanistic explanations of the detected sites. Extensive tests on a high-density HIV integration site dataset showed that DeepHINT can outperform conventional modeling strategies by automatically learning the genomic context of HIV integration from primary DNA sequence alone or together with epigenetic information. Systematic analyses on diverse known factors of HIV integration further validated the biological relevance of the prediction results. More importantly, in-depth analyses of the attention values output by DeepHINT revealed intriguing mechanistic implications in the selection of HIV integration sites, including potential roles of several DNA-binding proteins. These results established DeepHINT as an effective and explainable deep learning framework for the prediction and mechanistic study of HIV integration.

Availability and implementation
DeepHINT is available as an open-source software and can be downloaded from https://github.com/nonnerdling/DeepHINT.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Multi-insight visualization of multi-omics data via ensemble dimension reduction and tensor factorization
Authors: Fanaee-T Hadi , Thoresen Magne 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Visualization of high-dimensional data is an important step in exploratory data analysis and knowledge discovery. However, it is challenging, because the interpretation is highly subjective. If we see dimensionality reduction (DR) techniques as the main tool for data visualization, they are like multiple cameras that look into the data from different perspectives or angles. We can hardly prescribe one single perspective for all datasets and problems. One snapshot of data cannot reveal all the relevant aspects of the data in higher dimensions. The reason is that each of these methods has its own specific strategy, normally based on well-established mathematical theories to obtain a low-dimensional projection of the data, which sometimes is totally different from the others. Therefore, relying only on one single projection can be risky, because it can close our eyes to important parts of the full knowledge space.

Results
We propose the first framework for multi-insight data visualization of multi-omics data. This approach, contrary to single-insight approaches, is able to uncover the majority of data features through multiple insights. The main idea behind the methodology is to combine several DR methods via tensor factorization and group the solutions into an optimal number of clusters (or insights). The experimental evaluation with low-dimensional synthetic data, simulated multi-omics data related to ovarian cancer, as well as real multi-omics data related to breast cancer show the competitive advantage over state-of-the-art methods.

Availability and implementation
https://folk.uio.no/hadift/MIV/ [user/pass via hadift@medisin. uio.no]

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
‘Spiritual Risk’: A Parental Perception of Risk for Children in the Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Community
Authors: Nadan Yochay , Gemara Netanel , Keesing Rivka , Bamberger Esther , Roer-Strier Dorit , Korbin Jill 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article addresses child protection in close-knit religious communities. Specifically, it presents the findings of a qualitative research project that examined Ultra-Orthodox Jewish parents’ perceptions and ascribed meanings of child risk and protection based on fifty in-depth interviews with parents from Israel and the USA. Here, we hone in on one key theme that emerged from our analysis of the interviews, which the interviewees themselves referred to as ‘spiritual risk’. ‘Spiritual risk’ is a complex construct comprising the following three interrelated dimensions: (i) a decline in observance of the Torah and the commandments, (ii) violation of socio-cultural norms and rules and (iii) a decline in spiritual beliefs, including the sense of connection with G-d. In the eyes of parents, it is decline in these three dimensions that constitutes the ‘spiritual risk’ to the child. ‘Spiritual risk’ can be a consequence of parental maltreatment and can result in children and adolescents moving away from the Ultra-Orthodox religious world and leaving their community. The results of this study advocate context-informed and religious-sensitive prevention and intervention programmes. They also highlight the need to include context and religious competency in the training of professionals working with diverse communities.
Visual and Vestibular Selectivity for Self-Motion in Macaque Posterior Parietal Area 7a
Authors: Avila Eric , Lakshminarasimhan Kaushik J , DeAngelis Gregory C , Angelaki Dora E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We examined the responses of neurons in posterior parietal area 7a to passive rotational and translational self-motion stimuli, while systematically varying the speed of visually simulated (optic flow cues) or actual (vestibular cues) self-motion. Contrary to a general belief that responses in area 7a are predominantly visual, we found evidence for a vestibular dominance in self-motion processing. Only a small fraction of neurons showed multisensory convergence of visual/vestibular and linear/angular self-motion cues. These findings suggest possibly independent neuronal population codes for visual versus vestibular and linear versus angular self-motion. Neural responses scaled with self-motion magnitude (i.e., speed) but temporal dynamics were diverse across the population. Analyses of laminar recordings showed a strong distance-dependent decrease for correlations in stimulus-induced (signal correlation) and stimulus-independent (noise correlation) components of spike-count variability, supporting the notion that neurons are spatially clustered with respect to their sensory representation of motion. Single-unit and multiunit response patterns were also correlated, but no other systematic dependencies on cortical layers or columns were observed. These findings describe a likely independent multimodal neural code for linear and angular self-motion in a posterior parietal area of the macaque brain that is connected to the hippocampal formation.
Role of Early De-escalation of Antimicrobial Therapy on Risk of Clostridioides difficile Infection Following Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infections
Authors: Seddon Megan M , Bookstaver P Brandon , Justo Julie Ann , Kohn Joseph , Rac Hana , Haggard Emily , Mediwala Krutika N , Dash Sangita , Al-Hasan Majdi N 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
There is a paucity of data on the effect of early de-escalation of antimicrobial therapy on rates of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). This retrospective cohort study evaluated impact of de-escalation from antipseudomonal β-lactam (APBL) therapy within 48 hours of Enterobacteriaceae bloodstream infections (BSIs) on 90-day risk of CDI.

Methods
Adult patients hospitalized for >48 hours for treatment of Enterobacteriaceae BSI at Palmetto Health hospitals in Columbia, South Carolina, from 1 January 2011 through 30 June 2015 were identified. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to examine time to CDI in patients who received >48 hours or ≤48 hours of APBL for empirical therapy of Enterobacteriaceae BSI after adjustment for the propensity to receive >48 hours of APBL.

Results
Among 808 patients with Enterobacteriaceae BSI, 414 and 394 received >48 and ≤48 hours of APBL, respectively. Incidence of CDI was higher in patients who received >48 hours than those who received ≤48 hours of APBL (7.0% vs 1.8%; log-rank P = .002). After adjustment for propensity to receive >48 hours of APBL and other variables in the multivariable model, receipt of >48 hours of APBL (hazard ratio [HR], 3.56 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.48–9.92]; P = .004) and end-stage renal disease (HR, 4.27 [95% CI, 1.89–9.11]; P = .001) were independently associated with higher risk of CDI.

Conclusions
The empirical use of APBL for >48 hours was an independent risk factor for CDI. Early de-escalation of APBL using clinical risk assessment tools or rapid diagnostic testing may reduce the incidence of CDI in hospitalized adults with Enterobacteriaceae BSIs.
Hybrid coronary computed tomography angiography and positron emission tomography myocardial perfusion imaging in evaluation of recurrent symptoms after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Maaniitty Teemu , Jaakkola Samuli , Saraste Antti , Knuuti Juhani 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Aims
Recurrent chest pain after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) poses a diagnostic challenge. We hypothesized that combining anatomy of bypass grafts and native coronary arteries with ischaemia detection by hybrid imaging could be used to gain valuable and complementary information in patients with recurrent symptoms after CABG.

Methods and results
We analysed 36 consecutive patients (67 ± 9 years, 81% male) who had undergone hybrid imaging using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and [15O]H2O positron emission tomography (PET) myocardial perfusion imaging due to recurrent symptoms after CABG. Coronary tree and left ventricular myocardium were divided into three main territories, yielding a total of 108 coronary territories in 36 patients. The presence of obstructive (≥50%) stenosis and the patency of grafts were evaluated by CCTA, while myocardial ischaemia was assessed by quantitative adenosine-stress PET. Altogether 28 (78%) of the 36 study patients presented with matched PET/CCTA abnormalities. Forty-one coronary territories were supplied by non-obstructed bypass grafts or native coronary arteries (protected territory). However, 12 (29%) of these presented with a perfusion defect. In six cases, the perfusion defect involved myocardium distal to the graft-coronary anastomosis, as interpreted on the PET/CCTA fusion images. In turn, in 48 coronary territories the supplying artery was obstructed on CCTA (unprotected territory). Of these, 41 (85%, P < 0.001 vs. protected) presented with abnormal perfusion, involving myocardium distal to the anastomosis in 29 cases.

Conclusion
Hybrid imaging provides complementary information on the presence and localization of atherosclerotic lesions and myocardial perfusion abnormalities in symptomatic patients with previous CABG.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Periodontal Tissue Regeneration in Elderly Patients
Authors: Ledesma-Martínez Edgar , Mendoza-Núñez Víctor Manuel , Santiago-Osorio Edelmiro 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) grafting is a highly promising alternative strategy for periodontal regeneration in periodontitis, which is one of the primary causes of tooth loss in the elderly. However, aging progressively decreases the proliferative and differentiation potential of MSCs and diminishes their regenerative capacity, which represents a limiting factor for their endogenous use in elderly patients. Therefore, tissue regeneration therapy with MSCs in this age group may require a cellular source without the physiological limitations that MSCs exhibit in aging. In this sense, exogenous or allogeneic MSCs could have a better chance of success in regenerating periodontal tissue in elderly patients. This review examines and synthesizes recent data in support of the use of MSCs for periodontal regenerative therapy in patients. Additionally, we analyze the progress of the therapeutic use of exogenous MSCs in humans.
Effect of Food Predictability on Life Span in Male Mice
Authors: Rowland Neil E , Robertson Kimberly L , Minaya Dulce , Minervini Vanessa , Cervantez Melissa , Kaiser Kathryn A , Allison David B 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of unpredictable (U) or predictable (P) food delivery on health and longevity in mice. From 2 months of age until end of life, singly-housed male C57BL/6 mice were fed a semisynthetic diet either ad libitum (AL), or as imposed meals delivered as small pellets at either P or U times, frequencies, or amounts. The total daily food consumed by all groups was the same. The AL group gained body weight faster than either P or U groups, and had ~12% shorter median life span compared with either P or U groups. Bimonthly noninvasive body composition determinations showed that the differences in body weights were due to differences in fat and lean mass. Postmortem examinations revealed that the organ pathologies were similar in all groups, but a larger fraction of P and U mice were euthanized due to end-of-life suffering. There were no systematic differences in outcome measures between P and U groups suggesting that, within the range studied, the temporal pattern of food delivery did not have a significant metabolic effect.
The demand-pull effect of public procurement on innovation and industrial renewal
Authors: Crespi Francesco , Guarascio Dario 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article empirically analyzes the link between public procurement (PP) and innovation activities, by taking into account the moderating effect played by import penetration on PP. Using industry-level information on patent applications for 24 countries over the period 1995–2012, we test the impact of PP on innovation activities and whether and in which direction import penetration on PP impacts on patenting. The econometric analysis relies on Poisson regression techniques aiming to investigate the correlation between patent counts, supply- as well as demand-side determinants, and controlling for country and sector heterogeneity. The obtained results confirm our main hypotheses. The dynamics of patenting is positively affected by the PP, while a high degree of import penetration reduces the innovation enhancing effect exerted by public demand. Our results suggest that public demand may represent an effective tool for industrial policy to stimulate innovative activities, shape the transformation of production systems, and foster industrial renewal. Moreover, the empirical evidence shows that the strategy regarding the degree of openness in PP toward nondomestic firms is a crucial policy choice capable of affecting the innovative potential of public demand.