bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography of Bornean land snails suggests long‐distance dispersal as a cause of endemism
Authors: Hendriks Kasper P. , Alciatore Giacomo , Schilthuizen Menno , Etienne Rampal S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAimIslands are often hotspots of endemism due to their isolation, making colonization a rare event and hence facilitating allopatric speciation. Dispersal usually occurs between nearby locations according to a stepping‐stone model. We aimed to reconstruct colonization and speciation processes in an endemic‐rich system of land‐based islands that does not seem to follow the obvious stepping‐stone model of dispersal.LocationFive land‐based habitat archipelagos of limestone outcrops in the floodplain of the Kinabatangan River in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo.MethodsWe studied the phylogeography of three species complexes of endemic land snails, using multiple genetic markers. We calculated genetic distances between populations, appliedbeast2 to reconstruct phylogenies for each taxon and subsequently reconstructed ancestral ranges using ‘BioGeoBEARS’.ResultsWe found spatial‐genetic structure among nearby locations to be highly pronounced for each taxon. Genetic correlation was present at small spatial scales only and disappeared at distances of 5 km and above. Most archipelagos have been colonized from within the region multiple times over the past three million years, in 78% of the cases as a result of long‐distance dispersal (LDD) or dispersal from non‐adjacent limestone outcrops. The flow of the main geographical feature within the region, the Kinabatangan River, did not play a role.Main conclusionsPhylogeographic structure in these Bornean land snails has only partly been determined by small‐scale dispersal, where it leads to isolation‐by‐distance, but mostly by LDD. Our results demonstrate that island endemic taxa only very locally follow a simple stepping‐stone model, whilst dispersal to non‐adjacent islands and especially LDD, is most important. This leads to the formation of highly localized, isolated “endemic populations” forming the onset of a complex radiation of endemic species.
Variation in ecophysiological traits might contribute to ecogeographic isolation and divergence between parapatric ecotypes ofMimulus aurantiacus
Authors: Sobel James M. , Stankowski Sean , Streisfeld Matthew A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMany forms of reproductive isolation contribute to speciation, and early‐acting barriers may be especially important, because they have the first opportunity to limit gene flow. Ecogeographic isolation occurs when intrinsic traits of taxa contribute to disjunct geographic distributions, reducing the frequency of intertaxon mating. Characterizing this form of isolation requires knowledge of both the geographic arrangement of suitable habitats in nature and the identification of phenotypes involved in shaping geographic distributions. InMimulus aurantiacus,red‐ and yellow‐flowered ecotypes are incompletely isolated by divergent selection exerted by different pollinators. However, these emerging taxa are largely isolated spatially, with a hybrid zone occurring along a narrow region of contact. In order to assess whether responses to abiotic conditions contribute to the parapatric distribution of ecotypes, we measured a series of ecophysiological traits from populations along a transect, including drought sensitivity, leaf area and the concentrations of vegetative flavonoids. In contrast to the abrupt transitions in floral phenotypes, we found that ecophysiological traits exhibited a continuous geographic transition that largely mirrors variation in climatological variables. These traits may impede gene flow across a continuous environmental gradient, but they would be unlikely to result in ecotypic divergence alone. Nevertheless, we found a genetic correlation between vegetative and floral traits, providing a potential link between the two forms of isolation. Although neither barrier appears sufficient to cause divergence on its own, the combined impacts of local adaptation to abiotic conditions and regional adaptation to pollinators may interact to drive discontinuous variation in the face of gene flow in this system.
Moral entrepreneurship, the power‐knowledge nexus, and the Cochrane “crisis”
Authors: Greenhalgh Trisha , Ozbilgin Mustafa F. , Prainsack Barbara , Shaw Sara 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn 2018, a so‐called crisis developed in the international network of systematic reviewers known as Cochrane. It was widely depicted in terms of two competing narratives—“bad behaviour” by one member of Cochrane's Governing Board and scientific and moral decline within Cochrane.ObjectiveOur goal was to distil insights on the structural issues underpinning the crisis, without taking a definitive position on the accuracy of either narrative.Approach and datasetIn this paper, we draw on (among other theories) Becker's notion of moral entrepreneurship and Foucault's conceptualisation of power to analyse the claims and counterclaims made by different parties. Our dataset consisted of publicly available materials (blogs, journal articles, newspaper articles) to end 2018, notably those relating to the expulsion of one Governing Board member.Main findingsBoth narratives include strong moral claims about the science of systematic review and the governance of scientific organizations. The expelled individual and his supporters defined good systematic reviews in terms of a particular kind of methodological rigour and elimination of bias, and good governance largely in terms of measures to achieve independence from industry influence. Most of Cochrane's Governing Board and their sympathizers evaluated systematic reviews according to a broader range of criteria, incorporating factors such as attention to relationships among reviewers and reflexivity and dialogue around scientific and other judgements. They viewed governance partly in terms of accountability to an external advisory group. Power‐knowledge alignments in Cochrane have emerged from, and contributed to, a particular system of meaning which is now undergoing evolution and challenge.ConclusionPolarizing Cochrane's “crisis” into two narratives, only one of which is true, is less fruitful than viewing it in terms of a duality consisting of tensions between the two positions, each of which has some validity. Having framed the conflict as primarily philosophical and political rather than methodological and procedural, we suggest how Cochrane and its supporters and critics might harness their tensions productively.
Textural and structural characterization of extrudates from apple pomace, defatted soy flour and corn grits
Authors: Singha Poonam , Singh Sushil K. , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCorn grits blended with defatted soy flour (30‐50%) and apple pomace (0‐20%) were extrusion cooked. The effect of apple pomace levels and processing conditions (extrusion temperature, screw speed and moisture content) on the extrudates' textural properties, cellular structure and molecular conformation were studied. Results show that increase in the apple pomace level (0 to 20%) and extrusion temperature (100 to 140°C) decreased the hardness of the extrudates. The hardness ranged between 7.57 and 15.23 N. Lower hardness was associated with higher crispness and brittleness. SEM examination revealed that higher temperature and shear were responsible for the damage of the cellular structure of the extrudates. Presence of air cells indicated crisper extrudates. FTIR showed that there were significant changes in the components in the formulation due to extrusion. This study showed the variation in internal structure and molecular bonds and their effect on the texture of the extrudates containing apple pomace.Practical applicationsTextural and structural properties of extrudates containing novel blend of apple pomace, defatted soy flour and corn grits were examined. The information generated from this research will help in formulating extruded products with high levels of protein and fiber.
RecBCD, SbcCD and ExoI process a substrate created by convergent replisomes to complete DNA replication
Authors: Hamilton Nicklas A. , Wendel Brian M. , Weber Emma A. , Courcelle Charmain T. , Courcelle Justin 
Published: March 2019

SummaryThe accurate completion of DNA replication on the chromosome requires RecBCD and structure specific SbcCD and ExoI nucleases. However, the substrates and mechanism by which this reaction occurs remains unknown. Here we show that these completion enzymes operate on plasmid substrates containing two replisomes, but are not required for plasmids containing one replisome. Completion on the two‐replisome plasmids requires RecBCD, but does not require RecA and no broken intermediates accumulate in its absence, indicating that the completion reaction occurs normally in the absence of any double‐strand breaks. Further, similar to the chromosome, we show that when the normal completion reaction is prevented, an aberrant RecA‐mediated recombination process leads to amplifications that drive most of the instabilities associated with the two‐replisome substrates. The observations imply that the substrate SbcCD, ExoI and RecBCD act upon in vivo is created specifically by two convergent replisomes, and demonstrate that the function of RecBCD in completing replication is independent of double‐strand break repair, and likely promotes joining of the strands of the convergent replication forks.
Microplastic effects on plants
Authors: Rillig Matthias C. , Lehmann Anika , de Souza Machado A. Abel , Yang Gaowen 
Published: March 2019

SummaryMicroplastic effects in terrestrial ecosystems have recently moved into focus, after about a decade of research being limited to aquatic systems. While effects on soil physical properties and soil biota are starting to become apparent, there is not much information on the consequences for plant performance. We here propose and discuss mechanistic pathways through which microplastics could impact plant growth, either positively or negatively. These effects will vary as a function of plant species, and plastic type, and thus are likely to translate to changes in plant community composition and perhaps primary production. Our mechanistic framework serves to guide ongoing and future research on this important topic.
Anemia in Bolivian children: a comparative analysis among three regions of different altitudes
Authors: Cordero Dilberth , Aguilar Ana Maria , Casanovas Carmen , Vargas Elizabeth , Lutter Chessa K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractHere, we analyzed four population‐based demographic and health surveys conducted in Bolivia between 1998 and 2016 to understand trends in anemia in children from 6 to 59 months of age by selected sociodemographic characteristics and three categories of altitude: low, medium, and high. Over the 18‐year period, the prevalence of anemia was virtually unchanged while that in children living at high altitude increased. Anemia in children living at all three altitude categories is more than 40% and a severe public health problem according to the World Health Organization. We did not identify a single consistent risk factor for anemia in children living at high altitude compared with those living at medium or low altitude. The most consistent characteristic associated with childhood anemia across the three altitude categories was diarrhea in the last 2 weeks. Low length/height for age, an adolescent or anemic mother, a mother with no or little education, and a mother who speaks Quechua or Aymara were also risk factors. We conclude that it is necessary to review anemia policies and programs and prioritize children who are at greatest risk of developing anemia, particularly those living at high altitude. As iron deficiency appears to explain only a small part of childhood anemia, there is also a need to better understand its other causes and develop appropriate interventions.
Short‐term pharyngeal airway space changes after mandibular advancement surgery in Class II patients—a two‐dimensional retrospective study
Authors: do Vale Francisco , Rodrigues Mariana Latas , Francisco Inês , Roseiro Ana , Santos Inês , Caramelo Francisco , Rodrigues Maria João 
Published: March 2019

Structured AbstractIntroductionPlanning successful treatment for the correction of anatomic abnormalities of the upper airways, by surgical advancement of the mandible, depends on extensive knowledge of the pharyngeal airway space (PAS). However, there is limited scientific evidence about changes in PAS after mandibular advancement surgery.AimTo evaluate the immediate changes in superior posterior airway space (SPAS) in Class II patients, after mandibular advancement surgery.Materials and MethodsA cephalometric evaluation of 37 patients with skeletal Class II deformity was performed at 2 distinct time intervals: Pre‐operative (T0) and immediate post‐operative (T1), using Dolphin Image & Management Solutions, version 11.9, according to the method of Arnett/Gunson FAB Surgery. The differences due to the surgical intervention were assessed with Student's t test, and a Principal Component Analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between mandibular advancement and SPAS variables. Anticlockwise and clockwise rotation groups were also evaluated with Mann‐Whitney tests. The statistical analysis was conducted in SPSS and R assuming a 0.05 level of significance.ResultsAs an effect of mandibular advancement, an anteroposterior statistically significant increase in SPAS (P < 0.001) was perceived at all points measured.ConclusionOur findings indicate that mandibular advancement surgery is a viable option to achieve widening of the SPAS in patients with Class II skeletal morphology.
Short‐ and long‐term potential effects of accelerated osteogenic orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dab Sandeep , Chen Kevin , Flores‐Mir Carlos 
Published: March 2019

Structured AbstractObjectiveTo better understand the potential effects after corticotomy accelerated osteogenic orthodontic treatment (CAOOT).Setting and sample populationSystematic review with meta‐analysis.Materials and methodsA literature search up to August 2018 was conducted to identify randomized clinical studies (RCTs) on CAOOT reporting periodontal parameters, bone changes, patient‐centred and short‐ and long‐term adverse outcomes. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed on various parameters (bone density, buccal bone thickness, anchorage loss, visual analog scale, root resorption and retraction time) to quantify weighted treatment effects.ResultsA total of five split mouth, four parallel arms, one regular RCTs and two prospective CCTs were included (206 patients). Pooled data showed increase in bone thickness by 0.68 mm (95% CI: 1.17, 0.19) and reduced retraction time by 2.80 months (95% CI: −4.17, −1.43). There were statistically insignificant differences for root resorption 0.24 mm (95% CI: −0.49, 0.96), anchorage loss 0.49 mm (95% CI: −1.38, 0.40), worsening of periodontal parameters (gingival index) by 0.30 (95% CI: −0.83, 0.23) and mean increase in bone density of 7.07% on the corticotomy side at 6 months (95% CI: −3.24, 17.38).ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests a very low to low level of certainty (GRADE assessment) in regard to quantified effects after CAOOT. Although CAOOT procedures show insignificant increase in the density following the use of bone graft and anchorage loss, they appear to accelerate the tooth movement during the first few months, to increase the buccal bone thickness and to show good tolerance by the patients; the clinical significance of these changes may be considered questionable.
A novel treatment for idiopathic knuckle pads with cantharidin‐podophylotoxin‐salicylic acid
Authors: Hasbún Catalina , Sandoval Mauricio , Curi Maximiliano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractKnuckle pads are benign subcutaneous nodules that appear most frequently on the small joints of the hands. In children, they are often idiopathic, and no universally effective treatment has been reported. We present the case of an adolescent successfully treated with a combination of topical cantharidin ‐podophylotoxin ‐salicylic acid.
Satisfactory usage of kidneys from pediatric donors with severe hand foot mouth disease
Authors: Gao Chen , Wu Bichen , Yu Shaojie , Peng Fenghua , Lan Gongbin , Guo Yong , Peng Longkai 
Published: March 2019

AbstractNo studies have reported making use of kidneys from pediatric donors with severe HFMD. Here, we retrospectively analyzed the feasibility and clinical effect of six cases of kidney transplantation from four pediatric donors with severe HFMD in our center between January 2014 and December 2016. The donors’ age ranged from 6 months to 3 years and 11 months. The recipients’ age ranged from 18 to 41 years. Single kidney transplantation was performed in four recipients, and dual splitting kidney transplantation and en bloc kidney transplantation were performed in two recipients, respectively. During the 1.5‐4 years follow‐up, all recipients maintained normal kidney allograft function except for one recipient whose allograft was removed due to the allograft artery thrombosis. The survival rates of recipient and allograft were 100% and 83.3%, respectively. None of the six recipients showed any symptoms associated with HFMD. In conclusion, it is feasible to perform kidney transplantation from pediatric donors with severe HFMD to adult recipients with immunity to the pathogens. The clinical effect is satisfactory.
A clinical description of children with solid organ transplants who present with feeding disorder
Authors: Lerret Stacee M. , Erato Gina , Goday Praveen S. , Silverman Alan H. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPediatric solid organ transplant recipients have long‐standing malnutrition concerns related to their pretransplant medical status. The targeted nutrition therapy utilized pre‐, peri‐, and post‐transplantation may have the adverse effect of impeding normally developing feeding skills, particularly in very young children. Little is known about the relationship between transplantation and feeding disorders of childhood. The purpose of this study was to describe severity of feeding disorder and parental stress in patients with transplant compared to children followed in a specialty feeding clinic and the general community. Sixty‐four children, comprised of 32 children with solid organ transplant ages 2 months to 12 years and 32 matched control patients diagnosed with a feeding disorder without history of solid organ transplant, were reviewed. All children were from the Feeding, Swallowing, and Nutrition Clinic at a single children's hospital. Findings indicate that patients who received a transplant and presented with a feeding problem had worse symptoms of feeding disorder than are typically found in the general community. These feeding problems disrupt mealtime behavior, caregiver and child relationship within a mealtime context, and may result in maladaptive feeding strategies used by families. When transplanted children present with feeding disorders, they are severe and have multiple effects on both the child and the feeding dynamic between the child and the child's caregivers. Further investigation may help us to better understand the relationship between transplantation and symptoms of feeding disorder.
Incidence, clinical features, and outcomes of food allergy in children who underwent liver transplant: 16‐year experience
Authors: Barış Zeren , Köksal Burcu , Özbek Özlem , Özçay Figen , Haberal Mehmet 
Published: March 2019

AbstractFood allergies often develop after liver transplant, especially in young children. However, data are scarce on clinical characteristics and patient outcomes. When we evaluated our pediatric liver transplant patients over a 16‐year period, food allergy incidence was 8% (19/236 patients). All patients with food allergies were <18 months old, with incidence in this age group of 19.2% (19/99). Two patients had a single food and 17 had multiple food allergies. Five patients showed only non‐IgE‐mediated food allergies. Eggs, milk, nuts, and wheat were the most common allergens. Presenting symptoms included diarrhea, flushing, angioedema attacks, wheezing/chronic cough, and vomiting. Seven patients had EBV, and two patients had CMV infections at time of food allergy diagnosis. Twelve patients had eosinophilia. Seven patients (36.8%) were able to regain tolerance to all food allergens. However, one patient with single nut allergy and three with multiple food allergies were still on allergen‐eliminated diets. Eight patients with multiple food allergies gained tolerance to some of the food allergens. In conclusion, food allergies in our patients were mainly against multiple foods and IgE mediated. Infections like EBV and CMV may play a role in food allergies after liver transplant, especially in pretransplant‐naive patients.
Proper fitting shoes: Reducing pain, increasing activity, and improving foot health among adults experiencing homelessness
Authors: Moes Jesse 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionFoot and lower limb pain reported by many adults experiencing homelessness may be due to improper shoes and may contribute to decreased activity and physical functioning.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of proper fitting shoes on pain, activity, and foot health in adults experiencing homelessness.DesignA pretest–posttest quasi‐experimental pilot study design was used.SampleTwenty‐three out of 30 enrolled participants completed the study and were mostly female, non‐Hispanic, black individuals with high school education or higher.MeasurementsEligible participants completed surveys related to pain, foot health, and foot conditions, and a 10‐meter walking test prior to (BASELINE) and after (FINAL) the intervention.InterventionParticipants wore properly fitted shoes for 6 weeks and were encouraged to maintain activity levels consistent with activity levels prior to receiving new shoes.ResultsPain scores were lower at FINAL versus BASELINE. Participants reported reductions in knee, back and ankle/feet pain. Participants had significant improvements on almost all areas of foot health and had faster gait speed at FINAL versus BASELINE. Minimal changes in foot conditions were observed.ConclusionProper fitting shoes improve pain, walking speed, and foot health in adults experiencing homelessness with moderate to severe pain.
Developing community relationships to enhance well‐being in a worksite wellness program
Authors: Click Elizabeth R. , Hammock Janetta M. , Omabegho Brinn , Kowal Smith Ann 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundWellness programs traditionally focus on achieving outcomes such as health improvement, lowered health risks, decreased absenteeism, improved morale and decreased health care costs. Many programs emphasize physical wellness with more recent inclusion of social, emotional, and environmental dimensions. That change is referenced as the migration of wellness programs into well‐being efforts.ObjectiveAddressing all elements of well‐being is critical for effective wellness program delivery.DesignRecognition of the positive impact related to community well‐being is growing in the literature. When people connect with others at work and develop positive and effective relationships across boundaries, a culture of health grows within organizations.Results and ConclusionsThis paper reviews three community well‐being initiatives implemented within one university worksite and describes the effectiveness of such programs in building community well‐being.