bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Function and regulation of apelin/APJ system in digestive physiology and pathology
Authors: Huang Zhen , Luo Xuling , Liu Meiqing , Chen Linxi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractApelin is an endogenous ligand of seven‐transmembrane G‐protein‐coupled receptor APJ. Apelin and APJ are distributed in various tissues, including the heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract and even in tumor tissues. Studies show that apelin messenger RNA is widely expressed in gastrointestinal (GI) tissues, including stomach and small intestine, which is closely correlated with GI function. Thus, the apelin/APJ system may exert a broad range of activities in the digestive system. In this paper, we review the role of the apelin/APJ system in the digestive system in physiological conditions, such as gastric acid secretion, control of appetite and food intake, cell proliferation, cholecystokinin secretion and histamine release, gut–brain axis, GI motility, and others. In pathological conditions, the apelin/APJ system plays an important role in the healing process of stress gastric injury, the clinical features and prognosis of patients with gastric cancers, the reduction of inflammatory response to enteritis and pancreatitis, the mediation of liver fibrogenesis, the promotion of liver damage, the inhibition of liver regeneration, the contribution of splanchnic neovascularization in portal hypertension, the treatment of colon cancer, and GI oxidative damage. Overall, the apelin/APJ system plays diversified functions and regulatory roles in digestive physiology and pathology. Further exploration of the relationship between the apelin/APJ system and the digestive system will help to find new and effective drugs for treating and alleviating the pain of digestive diseases.
Assessment of uterine artery geometry and hemodynamics in human pregnancy with 4d flow mri and its correlation with doppler ultrasound
Authors: Hwuang Eileen , Vidorreta Marta , Schwartz Nadav , Moon Brianna F. , Kochar Kirpal , Tisdall Matthew Dylan , Detre John A. , Witschey Walter R.T. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundUterine artery (UtA) hemodynamics might be used to predict risk of hypertensive pregnancy disorders, including preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction.Purpose or HypothesisTo determine the feasibility of 4D flow MRI in pregnant subjects by characterizing UtA anatomy, computing UtA flow, and comparing UtA velocity, and pulsatility and resistivity indices (PI, RI) with transabdominal Doppler ultrasound (US).Study TypeProspective cross‐sectional study from June 6, 2016, to May 2, 2018.Population or Subjects or Phantom or Specimen or Animal ModelForty‐one singleton pregnant subjects (age [range] = 27.0 ± 5.9 [18–41] years) in their second or third trimester. We additionally scanned three subjects who had prepregnancy diabetes or chronic hypertension.Field Strength/SequenceThe subjects underwent UtA and placenta MRI using noncontrast angiography and 4D flow at 1.5T.AssessmentUtA anatomy was described based on 4D flow‐derived noncontrast angiography, while UtA flow properties were characterized by net flow, systolic/mean/diastolic velocity, PI and RI through examination of 4D flow data. PI and RI are standard hemodynamic parameters routinely reported on Doppler US.Statistical TestsSpearman's rank correlation, Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and Bland‐Altman plots were used to preliminarily investigate the relationships between flow parameters, gestational age, and Doppler US. orResults4D flow MRI and UtA flow quantification was feasible in all subjects. There was considerable heterogeneity in UtA geometry in each subject between left and right UtAs and between subjects. Mean 4D flow‐based parameters were: mean bilateral flow rate = 605.6 ± 220.5 mL/min, PI = 0.72 ± 0.2, and RI = 0.47 ± 0.1. Bilateral flow did not change with gestational age. We found that MRI differed from US in terms of lower PI (mean difference ‐0.1) and RI (mean difference < ‐0.1) with Wilcoxon signed rank test P = 0.05 and P = 0.13, respectively.Data Conclusion4D flow MRI is a feasible approach for describing UtA anatomy and flow in pregnant subjects.Level of Evidence:Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:59–68.
Patient‐specific requirements and clinical validation of MRI‐based pressure mapping: A two‐center study in patients with aortic coarctation
Authors: Goubergrits Leonid , Hellmeier Florian , Neumann Dominik , Mihalef Viorel , Gulsun Mehmet A. , Chinali Marcello , Secinaro Aurelio , Runte Kilian , Schubert Stephan , Berger Felix , Kuehne Titus , Hennemuth Anja , Kelm Marcus 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundInvasive peak‐to‐peak pressure gradients are the current clinical reference standard for assessing aortic coarctation. To obtain them, patients need to undergo arterial heart catheterization. Unless an intervention is performed, the procedure remains purely diagnostic, while the concomitant risks remain.PurposeTo validate MRI‐based pressure mapping against pressure drop derived from heart catheterization and to define minimal clinical requirements.Study TypeProspective clinical validation study.PopulationTwenty‐seven coarctation patients with an indicated heart catheterization were enrolled at two clinical centers.MRI Sequences1.5T including 4D velocity‐encoded MRI and 3D anatomical imaging of the aorta.AssessmentPressure drop across the stenosis was calculated by pressure mapping based on the pressure Poisson equation. Calculated pressure drops were compared with catheter measured data. Spatial and temporal resolution were analyzed using in silico phantom‐based data as well as in vivo measurements.StatisticsPressure drop was compared to peak‐to‐peak measurements. A two‐sample paired mean equivalence test was used.ResultsIn patients without imaging artifacts and a required spatial resolution ≥5 voxel/diameter, significant equivalence of pressure mapping compared to heart catheterization was found (17.5 ± 6.49 vs. 16.6 ± 6.53 mmHg, P < 0.001).Data ConclusionPressure mapping provides equivalent accuracy to pressure drop obtained from heart catheterization in patients 1) without previous stenting and 2) with sufficient spatial image resolution (at least 5 voxels/diameter). In these patients the method can reliably be performed prior to the actual procedure, and thus allows safe noninvasive treatment planning based on MRI.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:81–89.
In vitro distinction between proinflammatory and antiinflammatory macrophages with gadolinium‐liposomes and ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles at 3.0T
Authors: Khaled Wassef , Piraquive Joao , Leporq Benjamin , Wan Jing Hong , Lambert Simon A. , Mignet Nathalie , Doan Bich‐Thuy , Lotersztajn Sophie , Garteiser Philippe , Van Beers Bernard E. 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundInflammation involves a heterogeneous macrophage population, for which there is no readily available MR assessment method.PurposeTo assess the feasibility of distinguishing proinflammatory M1 and antiinflammatory M2 macrophages at MRI enhanced with gadolinium liposomes or ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles.Study TypeIn vitro.SpecimenWe employed cultured RAW macrophages. M0 macrophages were polarized with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin‐4 (IL‐4), resulting in M1 or M2 macrophages. The macrophages were incubated with gadolinium (±rhodamine) liposomes or iron oxide particles and cell pellets were prepared for MRI.Field Strength/SequenceTransverse relaxation rates and quantitative susceptibility were obtained at 3.0T with multiecho turbo spin echo and spoiled gradient echo sequences.AssessmentMRI results were compared with confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and expression of endocytosis, M1 and M2 genes.Statistical TestsMann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed.ResultsHigher transverse relaxation rates and susceptibility were observed in M1 than in M2 and M0 macrophages (P < 0.01 both with liposomes and USPIO) and significantly different susceptibility in M2 and M0 macrophages (P < 0.01 both with liposomes and USPIO). These MRI results were confirmed at confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. LPS macrophages displayed M1 gene expression, whereas IL‐4 macrophages showed M2 polarization and lower endocytosis gene expression rates.Data ConclusionThese in vitro results show that it is feasible to distinguish between proinflammatory M1 and antiinflammatory M2 macrophages according to their level of contrast agent uptake at MRI.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1166–1173.
A Study of the Correlation of Perfusion Parameters in High‐Resolution GRASP MRI With Microvascular Density in Lung Cancer
Authors: Chen Lihua , Zeng Xianchun , Wu Youli , Yan Xiaochu , Huang Xuequan , Chen Hui , Zhang Jiuquan , Wang Jian , Feng Li 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundThe histological count of microvascular density (MVD) is the current clinical standard for assessing tumor angiogenesis. Although it is hypothesized that perfusion MRI can be a noninvasive alternative to MVD, there have been few studies to validate their correlations, particularly in lung cancer.PurposeTo investigate the correlation between MVD and perfusion parameters obtained from high‐resolution GRASP (Golden‐angle RAdial Sparse Parallel) dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI in a cohort of lung cancer patients, and to validate that GRASP MRI can serve as a free‐breathing, noninvasive imaging approach for studying tumor angiogenesis.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐five lung cancer patients (16 male, 9 female, mean age = 57.3 ± 11.7 years).Field Strength/Sequence3T MRI; a prototype golden‐angle stack‐of‐stars sequence.AssessmentContrast‐enhanced MR data were acquired during free breathing and were reconstructed using GRASP with a temporal resolution of ∼3 sec/phase. For all data, perfusion analysis was performed using a standard Tofts model to generate the volume transfer coefficient (Ktrans) and the interstitial volume (Ve). The MVD of corresponding tumor specimens, obtained from Computed Tomography‐guided biopsies, were counted with CD34 staining.Statistical TestsPearson correlation analysis; one‐way analysis of variance analysis; least significant difference‐t method of multiple comparisons.ResultsThe correlation coefficient was 0.983 and 0.972 for the measurement and remeasurement of Ktransand Ve. The mean values of Ktrans, Ve, and MVD were 0.33 ± 0.22 min‐1, 0.25 ± 0.12, and 49.68 ± 27.08 vessels/0.723 mm2, respectively, in all patients (n = 25); 0.36 ± 0.26 min‐1, 0.27 ± 0.13, and 49.09 ± 29.84 vessels/0.723 mm2, respectively, in adenocarcinoma (n = 15); 0.34 ± 0.17 min‐1, 0.26 ± 0.12, and 53.85 ± 23.53 vessels/0.723 mm2, respectively, in squamous cell carcinoma (n = 8); and 0.13 ± 0.15 min‐1, 0.14 ± 0.06, and 37.20 ± 28.28 vessels/0.723 mm2, respectively, in small‐cell carcinoma (n = 2). There was a positive relationship between the Ktransand MVD in all patients (r = 0.738,P< 0.001).Data ConclusionHigh spatiotemporal resolution DCE‐MRI using GRASP is a promising noninvasive alternative to the histological count of MVD for assessing tumor angiogenesis in lung cancer.Level of Evidence:1Technical Efficacy:Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1186–1194.
Cerebral MR oximetry during acetazolamide augmentation: Beyond cerebrovascular reactivity in hemodynamic failure
Authors: Leatherday Christopher , Dehkharghani Seena , Nahab Fadi , Allen Jason W. , Wu Junjie , Hu Ranliang , Qiu Deqiang 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundOxygen extraction fraction (OEF) elevation predicts increased ischemic stroke incidence among patients with carotid steno‐occlusive disease, and can be estimated from quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) MRI.PurposeTo explore QSM oximetry during acetazolamide (ACZ) challenge, hypothesizing that detectable OEF alterations will reflect hemodynamic compromise in unilateral cerebrovascular disease (CVD) patients.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsFourteen unilateral CVD patients, and 24 healthy controls (HC).Field Strength/SequenceMultiecho gradient echo (GRE) and T1‐weighted images at 3T.AssessmentWe constructed QSM images and R2* maps from multiecho GRE images. QSM‐OEF maps were generated from the susceptibility difference between venous blood and background brain tissue. Intrasubject diseased/contralateral hemisphere OEF ratios in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territories were calculated. Intravascular susceptibility in the straight sinus (SS) and MCA was also measured.Statistical TestsThe result significance was determined using t‐tests and Pearson's correlation.ResultsMean and standard deviation for the patient diseased/contralateral OEF ratios were 1.15 ± 0.14 at baseline and 1.23 ± 0.17 post‐ACZ. Disease group R2* ratios were 0.95 ± 0.05 at baseline and 1.03 ± 0.08 post‐ACZ. Left/right OEF and R2* ratios for the HC group were 0.98 ± 0.06 and 0.99 ± 0.038, respectively. Susceptibility (ppb) in the SS and MCA in patients was 162.63 ± 35.4 and –22.33 ± 13.70, respectively, at baseline, 124.56 ± 37.43 and –19.27 ± 23.14 post‐ACZ. The HC group SS and MCA susceptibility was 146.10 ± 24.79 and –19.59 ± 12.37, respectively. Patient group OEF ratios were greater than 1.0 before and after ACZ challenge (P < 0.01 and < 0.001, respectively, one‐sample t‐test), and were greater than HC ratios (P < 0.001 unpaired t‐test). OEF and R2* ratios increased from baseline to post‐ACZ (P = 0.024, 0.004, respectively, paired t‐test). Detectable blood oxygenation change was confirmed by finding SS susceptibility decreased from baseline to post‐ACZ (P < 0.001, paired t‐test), while MCA susceptibility did not change significantly (P = 0.67, paired t‐test).Data ConclusionThese results suggest QSM is sensitive to dynamic OEF modulation during hemodynamic augmentation.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:175–182.
Visualizing wall enhancement over time in unruptured intracranial aneurysms using 3D vessel wall imaging
Authors: Tian Bing , Toossi Shahed , Eisenmenger Laura , Faraji Farshid , Ballweber Megan K. , Josephson S. Andrew , Haraldsson Henrik , Zhu Chengcheng , Ahn Sinyeob , Laub Gerhard , Hess Christopher , Saloner David 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundFew studies directed at assessing the visualization of the walls of unruptured aneurysms have used higher‐resolution 3D MRI vessel wall imaging. Prospective longitudinal studies are also needed to screen vessel wall changes in unruptured aneurysms.PurposeTo compare the aneurysm wall visualization on pre‐ and post‐3D isotropic T1‐weighted Sampling Perfection with Application‐optimized Contrasts by using different flip angle Evolutions (SPACE) images and to explore whether there is a change in wall enhancement at follow up.Study TypeProspective.PopulationTwenty‐nine patients with a total of 35 unruptured intracranial aneurysms.Sequence3D T1‐weighted pre‐ and postcontrast SPACE (0.5 mm isotropic) at 3.0T.AssessmentThe aneurysm wall visibility (0–5 scale) between pre‐ and postcontrast images as well as the wall enhancement (0–5 scale) between follow‐up and baseline studies (6–30 months, average 12.7 months) were compared. Differences in wall visibility and enhancement were also investigated as a function of aneurysm diameter and location.Statistical TestThe Wilcoxon signed rank paired test was used to compare the wall visibility score between pre‐ and postcontrast SPACE images, as well as wall enhancement between follow‐up and baseline. The Mann–Whitney and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to investigate the enhancement difference between different diameters and locations.ResultsPostcontrast images had significantly higher wall visibility (P = 0.01). A wall enhancement score ≥2 was found in 71% of the aneurysms. Changes in levels of wall enhancement were found in 17% of the aneurysms at follow‐up studies, but those changes were small. Wall visibility and enhancement scores of large aneurysms were significantly higher than small ones (P < 0.001).Data Conclusion3D T1‐weighted higher resolution SPACE can be used to assess changes in enhancement at follow‐up studies. Contrast SPACE image provides better aneurysm wall visibility and improves visualization of the aneurysm wall.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:193–200.
Role of texture analysis in breast MRI as a cancer biomarker: A review
Authors: Chitalia Rhea D. , Kontos Despina 
Published: November 2018

Breast cancer is a known heterogeneous disease. Current clinically utilized histopathologic biomarkers may undersample tumor heterogeneity, resulting in higher rates of misdiagnosis for breast cancer. MRI can provide a whole‐tumor sampling of disease burden and is widely utilized in clinical care. Texture analysis can provide a localized description of breast cancer, with particular emphasis on quantifying breast lesion heterogeneity. The object of this review is to provide an overview of texture analysis applications towards breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response evaluation and review the role of image‐based texture features as noninvasive prognostic and predictive biomarkers.Level of Evidence:5Technical Efficacy:Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:927–938.
Transient complete heart block following catheter ablation of a left lateral accessory pathway
Authors: Schweis Franz , Ho Gordon , Krummen David E. , Hoffmayer Kurt , Birgersdotter‐Green Ulrika , Feld Gregory 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA 16‐year‐old female with symptomatic Wolff‐Parkinson‐White (WPW) syndrome underwent catheter ablation of a left‐sided lateral accessory pathway. The accessory pathway was eliminated with the first ablation lesion; however, the patient immediately developed complete heart block (CHB). At first, complete heart block was thought to be due to ablation of left atrial extension of the AV node, and pacemaker therapy was considered. However, careful ECG analysis revealed that the development of CHB was in fact due to bump injury to the AV node during transseptal catheterization. Conservative management allowed resolution of AV nodal conduction without need for a permanent pacemaker.
Intubation, tracheostomy, and decannulation in patients with Guillain–Barré–syndrome—does dysphagia matter?
Authors: Schröder Jens Burchard , Marian Thomas , Muhle Paul , Claus Inga , Thomas Christian , Ruck Tobias , Wiendl Heinz , Warnecke Tobias , Suntrup‐Krueger Sonja , Meuth Sven , Dziewas Rainer 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Although patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome frequently require orotracheal intubation and tracheostomy, the incidence and relevance of neurogenic dysphagia prior to intubation and risk factors for prolonged requirement for a tracheal cannula have not yet been identified. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 88 patients was performed. Clinical characteristics were compared between intubated and nonintubated patients and between immediately decannulated and not immediately decannulated patients. Results: Thirty‐five (39.7%) patients required tracheostomy. Neuromuscular weakness and related respiratory insufficiency were the main reasons for intubation. In the subgroup of tracheotomized patients, immediate decannulation after completed respiratory weaning was possible in 14 (40%) patients. The severity of dysphagia, in particular pharyngolaryngeal hypesthesia, was related to the length of cannulation. Discussion: Respiratory muscle weakness is the main reason for intubation, whereas neurogenic dysphagia is the main risk factor for persisting cannulation. Dysphagia after weaning is most frequently characterized by severe laryngeal sensory deficit. Muscle Nerve 59:194–200, 2019
Newly recognized Famennian lungfishes from East Greenland reveal tooth plate diversity and blur the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary
Authors: Clack Jennifer Alice , Challands Thomas James , Smithson Timothy Richard , Smithson Keturah Zoe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThree lungfish specimens from the late Famennian of East Greenland are described. One forms the holotype of a new genus and species, Celsiodon ahlbergi gen. et sp. nov., which, in cladistic analyses, is placed close to the Carboniferous genus Ctenodus. The analyses reveal some Late Devonian lungfishes clustering with Early Carboniferous taxa, suggesting that Late Devonian lungfishes included more crownward taxa than previously appreciated, and that the Devonian–Carboniferous boundary was more fluid for lungfish taxa than supposed. Further study of other specimens shows a range of tooth plate morphologies and tooth crown morphologies, suggesting that the Late Devonian lungfishes were even more diverse and occupied a wider range of feeding strategies than previously suspected.
Targeting Prompts When Scaffolding Word Solving During Guided Reading
Authors: Mikita Clara , Rodgers Emily , Berenbon Rebecca , Winkler Christa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractRecent research on scaffolding has examined both the sources of information used and neglected during students' word‐solving attempts and the amount of information provided in teachers' word‐solving prompts. In this teaching tip, the authors expand the application of such research from one‐to‐one student–teacher interactions to a guided reading setting. The authors provide examples to illustrate how teachers can critically evaluate students' word‐solving attempts and consequently respond to the readers' needs within the guided reading context. The dual focus that the authors suggest, making decisions about both the type and amount of information, provides a framework through which teachers can implement scaffolding during their guided reading lessons.
Optimal cutoffs for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment vary by race and ethnicity
Authors: Milani Sadaf Arefi , Marsiske Michael , Cottler Linda B. , Chen Xinguang , Striley Catherine W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), scored from 0 to 30, is used as a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The current cutoff (26) may not be optimal among minorities.MethodsData from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set March 2018 data freeze was used to calculate optimal cutoffs for detection of MCI and dementia by race/ethnic group and education.ResultsOf the 3895 individuals included, 80.7% were non‐Hispanic White, 15.0% were non‐Hispanic Black, and 4.2% were Hispanic. Optimal cutoffs for detection of MCI were 25 among non‐Hispanic Whites, 24 among Hispanics, and 23 among non‐Hispanic Blacks. Optimal cutoffs for detection of dementia were 19 among non‐Hispanic Whites and 16 for both non‐Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. Lower educational attainment produced lower optimal cutoffs.DiscussionOur findings suggest cutoffs may need to be stratified by race/ethnicity and education to ensure detecting MCI from normal and MCI from dementia.
A very light lunch: Interoceptive deficits and food aversion at onset in a case of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Salvato Gerardo , Mercurio Matteo , Sberna Maurizio , Paulesu Eraldo , Bottini Gabriella 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIntroductionPatients affected by the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) frequently experience, at a delayed onset, abnormal eating behavior involving increased food intake. Although delusional food‐related symptoms have attracted much attention, the behavioral and neural features of food aversion manifestations in bvFTD remain poorly documented.MethodsWe describe the rare case of a patient with bvFTD presenting with lack of interoception for swallowing and digestion, coupled with a dramatic food aversion at onset. We also compared his MRI scan to 84 healthy individuals using a voxel‐based morphometry approach.ResultsWe found gray matter density reductions involving the postcentral gyrus bilaterally, insulae, and right medial orbitofrontal cortex.DiscussionOur results shed new light on the behavioral and neuroanatomical features of food aversion and interoception deficits in bvFTD, suggesting that besides orbitofrontal cortex, also a distributed system associated with interoception might play a role in such behavioral manifestation.