bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Trends in Hospitalizations for Stroke Associated With Infective Endocarditis and Opioid Use Between 1993 and 2015
Authors: Salehi Omran Setareh , Chatterjee Abhinaba , Chen Monica L. , Lerario Michael P. , Merkler Alexander E. , Kamel Hooman 
Published: January 2019

Background and Purpose—
There has been a recent sharp rise in opioid-related deaths in the United States. Intravenous opioid use can lead to infective endocarditis (IE) which can result in stroke. There are scant data on recent trends in this neurological complication of opioid abuse. We hypothesized that increasing opioid abuse has led to a higher incidence of stroke associated with IE and opioid use.

Methods—

We used the 1993 to 2015 releases of the National Inpatient Sample and validated
International Classification of Diseases
,
Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification
codes (
ICD-9-CM
) to identify hospitalizations with the combination of opioid abuse, IE, and stroke (defined as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, or subarachnoid hemorrhage). Survey weights provided by the National Inpatient Sample were used to calculate nationally representative estimates and population estimates from the United States. Census data were used to calculate annual hospitalization rates per 10 million person-years. Joinpoint regression was used to assess trends.

Results—
From 1993 through 2015, there were 5283 hospitalizations with stroke associated with IE and opioid use. Across this period, the rate of such hospitalizations increased from 2.4 (95% CI, 0.5–4.3) to 18.8 (95% CI, 14.4–23.3) per 10 million US residents. Joinpoint regression detected 2 segments: no significant change in the hospitalization rate was apparent from 1993 to 2008 (annual percentage change, 1.9%; 95% CI, −2.2% to 6.1%), and then rates significantly increased from 2008 to 2015 (annual percentage change, 20.3%; 95% CI, 10.5%–30.9%), most dramatically in non-Hispanic white patients in the Northeastern and Southern United States.

Conclusions—
US hospitalization rates for stroke associated with IE and opioid use were stable for ≈2 decades but then sharply increased starting in 2008, coinciding with the emergence of the opioid epidemic.
The ClimEx Project: A 50-Member Ensemble of Climate Change Projections at 12-km Resolution over Europe and Northeastern North America with the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5)
Authors: Leduc Martin , Mailhot Alain , Frigon Anne , Martel Jean-Luc , Ludwig Ralf , Brietzke Gilbert B. , Giguère Michel , Brissette François , Turcotte Richard , Braun Marco , Scinocca John 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5) Large Ensemble (CRCM5-LE) consists of a dynamically downscaled version of the CanESM2 50-member initial-conditions ensemble (CanESM2-LE). The downscaling was performed at 12-km resolution over two domains, Europe (EU) and northeastern North America (NNA), and the simulations extend from 1950 to 2099, following the RCP8.5 scenario. In terms of validation, warm biases are found over the EU and NNA domains during summer, whereas during winter cold and warm biases appear over EU and NNA, respectively. For precipitation, simulations are generally wetter than the observations but slight dry biases also occur in summer. Climate change projections for 2080–99 (relative to 2000–19) show temperature changes reaching 8°C in summer over some parts of Europe, and exceeding 12°C in northern Québec during winter. For precipitation, central Europe will become much dryer during summer (−2 mm day−1) and wetter during winter (>1.2 mm day−1). Similar changes are observed over NNA, although summer drying is not as prominent. Projected changes in temperature interannual variability were also investigated, generally showing increasing and decreasing variability during summer and winter, respectively. Temperature variability is found to increase by more than 70% in some parts of central Europe during summer and to increase by 80% in the northernmost part of Québec during the month of May as the snow cover becomes subject to high year-to-year variability in the future. Finally, CanESM2-LE and CRCM5-LE are compared with respect to extreme precipitation, showing evidence that the higher resolution of CRCM5-LE allows a more realistic representation of local extremes, especially over coastal and mountainous regions.
Vision utilities in Italy and the United States: Comparison of time tradeoff vision utilities
Authors: De Salvo Gabriella , Brown Gary C , Brown Melissa M 
Published: January 2019

Background/Aims: To compare time tradeoff vision utilities from two developed Western countries to ascertain whether these vision-related, quality-of-life preferences are similar. Methods: Time tradeoff utilities were acquired from ophthalmology patient populations with ophthalmic pathologic conditions by personal interview in Italy and the United States using a reliable and previously validated, standardized questionnaire. Results: Data from 47 consecutive Italian participants and 325 consecutive American participants were compared. The populations were matched for gender, age, and ophthalmic pathologic conditions. The utilities for the various vision sub-cohort levels, characterized according to vision in the better-seeing eye for the Italian/American cohorts were as follows: (1) 20/20 sub-cohort, Italian/American mean utilities = 0.82/0.91 (p = 0.10); (2) 20/25–20/30 sub-cohort, Italian/American mean utilities = 0.79/0.86, (p = 0.05); (3) 2040–20/100 sub-cohort, Italian/American mean utilities = 0.76/0.74 (p = 0.70); and (4) 20/200 or less sub-cohort, Italian/American mean utilities = 0.66/0.58 (p = 0.58). Conclusion: Vision-related quality of life, as measured by time tradeoff utilities, was similar in Italian and American ophthalmic populations. This information is relevant when comparing quality of life and cost-utility analyses across international borders.
Effects of corrosion and cleaning method on taper dimensions: an in vitro investigation
Authors: Faizan Ahmad , Longaray Jason , Nevelos Jim E , Westrich Geoffrey H 
Published: January 2019

Purpose: Taper corrosion related revisions have recently been reported in the orthopaedic literature. Cleaning procedure of the trunnions during hip revision is not standardised. The purpose of this bench top investigation was to understand the alterations in the trunnion dimensions and surface roughness characteristics as a result of corrosion product build-up. Methods: 8 titanium alloy trunnions and CoCr femoral heads assemblies were cyclically tested in a mechanical simulator. Following disassembly of the tested constructs, the trunnions were cleaned using 2 methods. The trunnion dimensions were measured using coordinate measuring machine, and surface roughness was measured using white light interferometry. The trunnions were reassembled with ceramic femoral heads and titanium sleeves following cleaning. Head/sleeve pull-off testing was conducted to understand the effects of cleaning methods on the pull-off strength. Results: Grade 4 corrosion was observed on all trunnions after mechanical testing. The aggressive cleaning methods had a larger impact on the surface roughness when compared to the light cleaning method. The aggressive cleaning method also decreased the taper cone angle. The pull-off strength was not affected by the cleaning method and the pull-off values were approximately 50% of the assembly loads. Conclusions: The study suggests that trunnion cleaning method may alter the surface roughness and taper cone angle of the existing trunnion. However, the effects of these changes on the pull-off strength did not reach statistical significance. Complex corrosion testing under cyclic loading conditions are warranted to understand the long-term effects of these changes.
Efficacy of Regorafenib in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Study
Authors: Aljubran Ali , Elshenawy Mahmoud A , Kandil Magdy , Zahir Muhammed N , Shaheen Ahmed , Gad Ahmed , Alshaer Omar , Alzahrani Ahmed , Eldali Abdelmonem , Bazarbashi Shouki 
Published: January 2019

Background: Regorafenib is a multi-kinase inhibitor approved for treatment of refractory advanced colorectal cancer. It was found in the clinical trials to have a modest benefit and significant toxicity. Our aim was to assess the outcome in our local clinic practice. Patients and methods: Records of patients with confirmed colorectal cancer treated with regorafenib were reviewed. Clinical, pathological, and molecular data were collected. Efficacy and factors of possible prognostic significance were analyzed. Results: A total of 78 patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were treated with regorafenib from February 2014 to February 2016 in 4 different institutions (median age: 50.5 years; male: 40 [51.3%]; KRAS mutant: 41 [52%]; right colonic primary: 18 [23%]). A total of 52 patients (66.7%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 to 1, whereas in 25 patients (32.1%) it was >1. In total, 58 patients (74%) had dose reduction. No patient achieved objective response, 15 patients (19%) achieved stable disease, and 56 patients (72%) had progressive disease. With a median follow-up of 6.5 months, the median progression-free survival was 2.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.5-3.3) and overall survival was 8.0 months (95% CI, 6.2-9.7). Only performance status of ⩽1 had a statistically significant impact on progression-free survival and overall survival in both univariate and multivariate analyses. Conclusions: Regorafenib in our clinical practice has equal efficacy to reported data from pivotal registration trials. Our data suggest that performance status is the most important prognostic factor in patients treated with regorafenib, suggesting a careful selection of patients.
Bariatric surgery in patients with type 1 diabetes: special considerations are warranted
Authors: Landau Zohar , Kowen-Sandbank Galit , Jakubowicz Daniela , Raziel Asnat , Sakran Nasser , Zaslavsky-Paltiel Inna , Lerner-Geva Liat , Pinhas-Hamiel Orit 
Published: January 2019

Objective: We examined short and long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery in patients with obesity and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: We reviewed the records of all adults insured by Maccabi Healthcare Services during 2010 -2015, with body mass index (BMI) ⩾30 kg/m2 and T1DM; and compared weight reduction and glucose control according to the performance of bariatric surgery. BMI and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were extracted for baseline and every 6 months, for a mean 3.5 years. Results: Of 52 patients, 26(50%) underwent bariatric surgery. Those who underwent surgery were more often female and with a longer duration of diabetes. Immediately postoperative, 4(15%) developed diabetic ketoacidosis, while 6(23%) experienced severe hypoglycemic episodes. The mean BMI decreased among surgery patients: from 39.5±4.4 to 30.1±5.0 kg/m2 ( p < 0.0001); and increased among those who did not undergo surgery: from 33.6±3.9 to 35.1±4.4 kg/m2 ( p = 0.49). The mean HbA1c level decreased during the first 6 months postoperative: from 8.5±0.9% to 7.9±0.9%; however, at the end of follow-up, was similar to baseline, 8.6±2.0% (p = 0.87). For patients who did not undergo surgery, the mean HbA1c increased from 7.9±1.9% to 8.6±1.5% ( p = 0.09). Conclusions: Among individuals with obesity and T1DM, weight loss was successful after bariatric surgery, but glucose control did not improve. The postoperative risks of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemic episodes should be considering when performing bariatric surgery in this population.
Trends and variations in outpatient coprescribing of simvastatin or atorvastatin with potentially interacting drugs in Thailand
Authors: Rattanachotphanit Thananan , Limwattananon Chulaporn , Waleekhachonloet Onanong 
Published: January 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to assess trends and variations in coprescribing of simvastatin or atorvastatin with interacting drugs in Thailand. Methods: Outpatient prescriptions between 2013 and 2015 in 26 tertiary care hospitals were analyzed for statin coprescribing. The proportion of patients exposed to coprescribing was estimated for semi-annual changes, using a time-series analysis and for hospital variations, using an interquartile range (IQR). Results: The coprescribing of simvastatin with all contraindicated drugs in 10 university and 16 general hospitals, respectively, was 3.6 and 3.1% in 2013, then decreased to 3.2 and 2.6% in 2014 and to 2.6 and 2.0% in 2015. The drug most frequently coprescribed with simvastatin, on a decreasing trend (by 0.19 percentage points) was gemfibrozil (in 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively; 2.9, 2.3 and 2.0% in university hospitals, and 2.5, 2.0 and 1.6% in general hospitals). A similar trend was found in atorvastatin-gemfibrozil coprescribing. Patients coprescribed simvastatin with the rest of the contraindicated drugs were relatively stable at 0.6–0.8%. No protease inhibitors were coprescribed with simvastatin and atorvastatin. The IQR of simvastatin coprescribing in the university hospitals was smaller than that in the general hospitals and decreased over time. Conclusions: Coprescriptions potentially leading to drug interactions with simvastatin in Thailand were observed although the contraindicated drugs were acknowledged. Mutual awareness among health professionals and the implementation of electronic prescribing should be strengthened as zero drug interaction was possible as in the case of protease inhibitors in the present study.
Positive Impact of Genetic Test on the Management and Outcome of Patients With Paraganglioma and/or Pheochromocytoma
Authors: Buffet Alexandre , Ben Aim Laurène , Leboulleux Sophie , Drui Delphine , Vezzosi Delphine , Libé Rossella , Ajzenberg Christiane , Bernardeschi Daniele , Cariou Bertrand , Chabolle Frédéric , Chabre Olivier , Darrouzet Vincent , Delemer Brigitte , Desailloud Rachel , Goichot Bernard , Esvant Annabelle , Offredo Lucile , Herman Philippe , Laboureau Sandrine , Lefebvre Hervé , Pierre Peggy , Raingeard Isabelle , Reznik Yves , Sadoul Jean-Louis , Hadoux Julien , Tabarin Antoine , Tauveron Igor , Zenaty Delphine , Favier Judith , Bertherat Jérôme , Baudin Eric , Amar Laurence , Gimenez-Roqueplo Anne-Paule ,   French Group of Endocrine Tumors (GTE) and COMETE Network
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Context
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGLs) are characterized by a strong genetic component, with up to 40% of patients carrying a germline mutation in a PPGL susceptibility gene. International guidelines recommend that genetic screening be proposed to all patients with PPGL.

Objective
Our objective was to evaluate how a positive genetic test impacts the management and outcome of patients with SDHx or VHL-related PPGL.

Design
We performed a multicentric retrospective study involving 221 propositi carrying an SDHB, SDHD, SDHC, or VHL germline mutation. Patients were divided into two groups: genetic patients, who were informed of their genetic status within the year following the first PPGL diagnosis, and historic patients, who only benefited from the genetic test several years after initial PPGL diagnosis.

Results
Genetic patients had better follow-up than historic patients, with a greater number of examinations and a reduced number of patients lost to follow-up (9.6% vs 72%, respectively). During follow-up, smaller (18.7 vs 27.6 mm; P = 0.0128) new PPGLs and metastases as well as lower metastatic spread were observed in genetic patients. Of note, these differences were reversed in the historic cohort after genetic testing. Genetic patients who developed metachronous metastases had a better 5-year survival rate than historic patients (P = 0.0127).

Conclusion
Altogether, our data suggest that early knowledge of genetic status had a positive impact on the management and clinical outcome of patients with a germline SDHx or VHL mutation.
JC Viruria Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Diabetic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kruzel-Davila Etty , Divers Jasmin , Russell Gregory B , Kra-Oz Zipi , Cohen Moran Szwarcwort , Langefeld Carl D , Ma Lijun , Lyles Douglas S , Hicks Pamela J , Skorecki Karl L , Freedman Barry I ,   Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes (FIND Consortium)
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Purpose
African Americans who shed JC polyomavirus (JCV) in their urine have reduced rates of nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the associations between urinary JCV and urine BK polyomavirus (BKV) with CKD in African Americans with diabetes mellitus.

Methods
African Americans with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and controls lacking nephropathy from the Family Investigation of Nephropathy and Diabetes Consortium (FIND) and African American-Diabetes Heart Study (AA-DHS) had urine tested for JCV and BKV using quantitative PCR. Of the 335 individuals tested, 148 had DKD and 187 were controls.

Results
JCV viruria was detected more often in the controls than in the patients with DKD (FIND: 46.6% vs 32.2%; OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.93; P = 0.03; AA-DHS: 30.4% vs 26.2%; OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.48; P = 0.29). A joint analysis adjusted for age, sex, and study revealed that JC viruria was inversely associated with DKD (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.35 to 0.91; P = 0.02). Statistically significant relationships between BKV and DKD were not observed.

Main Conclusions
The results from the present study extend the inverse association between urine JCV and nondiabetic nephropathy in African Americans to DKD. These results imply that common pathways likely involving the innate immune system mediate coincident chronic kidney injury and restriction of JCV replication. Future studies are needed to explore causative pathways and characterize whether the absence of JC viruria can serve as a biomarker for DKD in the African American population.
Activity Tracker to Prescribe Various Exercise Intensities in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: MCNEIL JESSICA , BRENNER DARREN R. , STONE CHELSEA R. , O’REILLY RACHEL , RUAN YIBING , VALLANCE JEFF K. , COURNEYA KERRY S. , THORPE KEVIN E. , KLEIN DOUG J. , FRIEDENREICH CHRISTINE M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To prescribe different physical activity (PA) intensities using activity trackers to increase PA, reduce sedentary time, and improve health outcomes among breast cancer survivors. The maintenance effect of the interventions on study outcomes was also assessed.

Methods
The Breast Cancer and Physical Activity Level pilot trial randomized 45 breast cancer survivors to a home-based, 12-wk lower (300 min·wk−1 at 40%–59% of HR reserve) or higher-intensity PA (150 min·wk−1 at 60%–80% of HR reserve), or no PA intervention/control. Both intervention groups received Polar A360® activity trackers. Study outcomes assessed at baseline, 12 and 24 wk included PA and sedentary time (ActiGraph GT3X+), health-related fitness (e.g., body composition, cardiopulmonary fitness/V˙O2max), and patient-reported outcomes (e.g., quality of life). Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted using linear mixed models and adjusted for baseline outcomes.

Results
Increases in moderate-vigorous intensity PA (least squares adjusted group difference [LSAGD], 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1–1.0) and decreases in sedentary time (LSAGD, −1.2; 95% CI, −2.2 to −0.2) were significantly greater in the lower-intensity PA group versus control at 12 wk. Increases in V˙O2max at 12 wk in both interventions groups were significantly greater than changes in the control group (lower-intensity PA group LSAGD, 4.2; 95% CI, 0.5–8.0 mL·kg−1·min−1; higher-intensity PA group LSAGD, 5.4; 95% CI, 1.7–9.1 mL·kg−1·min−1). Changes in PA and V˙O2max remained at 24 wk, but differences between the intervention and control groups were no longer statistically significant.

Conclusions
Increases in PA time and cardiopulmonary fitness/V˙O2max can be achieved with both lower- and higher-intensity PA interventions in breast cancer survivors. Reductions in sedentary time were also noted in the lower-intensity PA group.
Regulation of Hepatic Follistatin Expression at Rest and during Exercise in Mice
Authors: PEPPLER WILLEM T. , CASTELLANI LAURA N. , ROOT-MCCAIG JARED , TOWNSEND LOGAN K. , SUTTON CHARLES D. , FRENDO-CUMBO SCOTT , MEDAK KYLE D. , MACPHERSON REBECCA E. K. , CHARRON MAUREEN J. , WRIGHT DAVID C. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Follistatin (FST) is a protein with numerous biological roles and was recently identified as an exercise-inducible hepatokine; however, the signals that regulate this are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to delineate potential endocrine factors that may regulate hepatic FST at rest and during exercise.

Methods
This study used four experiments. First, male and female C57BL/6J mice remained sedentary or were subjected to a single bout of exercise at moderate or exhaustive intensity with liver collected immediately post. Second, mice were injected with glucagon (1 mg·kg−1, 60 min), epinephrine (2 mg·kg−1, 30 min), glucagon then epinephrine, or saline. Third, mice were pretreated with propranolol (20–60 mg·kg−1, 30 min) before epinephrine injection. Fourth, glucagon receptor wild type (Gcgr
+/+
) or knockout (Gcgr
−/−
) mice were pretreated with saline or propranolol (20 mg·kg−1, 30 min) and were subjected to a single bout of exhaustive exercise with liver collected immediately post or after 2 h recovery. In all experiments liver FST mRNA expression was measured, and in experiment four FST protein content was measured.

Results
A single bout of treadmill exercise performed at an exhaustive but not moderate-intensity increased FST expression, as did injection of glucagon or epinephrine alone and when combined. Pretreatment of mice with propranolol attenuated the epinephrine-induced increase in FST expression. The exercise-induced increase in FST expression was attenuated in Gcgr−/− mice, with no effect of propranolol. Gcgr−/− mice had higher protein content of FST, but there was no effect of exercise or propranolol.

Conclusions
These data suggest that both glucagon and epinephrine regulate hepatic FST expression at rest; however, only glucagon is required for the exercise-induced increase.
Machine Learning in Modeling High School Sport Concussion Symptom Resolve
Authors: BERGERON MICHAEL F. , LANDSET SARA , MAUGANS TODD A. , WILLIAMS VERNON B. , COLLINS CHRISTY L. , WASSERMAN ERIN B. , KHOSHGOFTAAR TAGHI M. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Concussion prevalence in sport is well recognized, so too is the challenge of clinical and return-to-play management for an injury with an inherent indeterminant time course of resolve. A clear, valid insight into the anticipated resolution time could assist in planning treatment intervention.

Purpose
This study implemented a supervised machine learning–based approach in modeling estimated symptom resolve time in high school athletes who incurred a concussion during sport activity.

Methods
We examined the efficacy of 10 classification algorithms using machine learning for the prediction of symptom resolution time (within 7, 14, or 28 d), with a data set representing 3 yr of concussions suffered by high school student-athletes in football (most concussion incidents) and other contact sports.

Results
The most prevalent sport-related concussion reported symptom was headache (94.9%), followed by dizziness (74.3%) and difficulty concentrating (61.1%). For all three category thresholds of predicted symptom resolution time, single-factor ANOVA revealed statistically significant performance differences across the 10 classification models for all learners at a 95% confidence interval (P = 0.000). Naïve Bayes and Random Forest with either 100 or 500 trees were the top-performing learners with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve performance ranging between 0.656 and 0.742 (0.0–1.0 scale).

Conclusions
Considering the limitations of these data specific to symptom presentation and resolve, supervised machine learning demonstrated efficacy, while warranting further exploration, in developing symptom-based prediction models for practical estimation of sport-related concussion recovery in enhancing clinical decision support.