bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New trophic link and potential feeding area of dwarf minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata subsp.) in mid latitude waters of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Milmann Lucas , Machado Rodrigo , Sucunza Federico , Oliveira Larissa Rosa de , Santos Roberta Aguiar dos , Di Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira , Rezende Carlos Eduardo de , Baumgarten Julio , Ott Paulo Henrique 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The stomach content of a male, immature dwarf minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata subsp.) stranded in September of 2008 in southern Brazil revealed a large consumption of the Argentine shortfin squid (Illex argentinus), probably in multiple feeding events. Stable isotopes signals from kidney and liver samples of the whale are consistent with values for this squid species, and prey size indicates consumption over spawning aggregations near the continental slope off southern Brazil. The present record adds a new prey species for dwarf minke whale and reinforces the hypothesis that some baleen whales could feed in middle latitudes of the Brazilian coast.
Subthreshold Amyloid Predicts Tau Deposition in Aging
Authors: Leal Stephanie L. , Lockhart Samuel N. , Maass Anne , Bell Rachel K. , Jagust William J. 
Published: April 2018

Current approaches to the early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) rely upon classifying individuals as “positive” or “negative” for biomarkers related to the core pathology of β-amyloid (Aβ). However, the accumulation of Aβ begins slowly, years before biomarkers become abnormal. We used longitudinal [11C] Pittsburgh Compound B PET scanning and neuropsychological assessment to investigate the earliest changes in AD pathology and how it affects memory in cognitively normal older humans (N= 71; mean age 75 years; 35% male). We used [18F] AV-1451 PET scanning at the end of the observation period to measure subsequent tau deposition in a subset of our sample (N= 37). We found evidence for an inverted-U relationship between baseline Aβ levels and Aβ slope in asymptomatic older adults, suggesting a slowing of Aβ accumulation even in cognitively normal adults. In participants who were nominally amyloid negative, both the rate of amyloid accumulation and the baseline levels of Aβ predicted early tau deposition in cortical Braak regions associated with AD. Amyloid measures were only sensitive to memory decline as baseline levels of Aβ increased, suggesting that pathological accumulation occurs before impacting memory. These findings support the necessity of early intervention with amyloid-lowering therapies even in those who are amyloid negative.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe progressive nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) necessitates the earliest possible detection of pathological or cognitive change if disease progression is to be slowed. We examined cognitively normal older adults in whom AD pathology is starting to develop, with the goal of early detection of AD pathology or cognitive changes. We found amyloid measures to be sensitive early on in predicting subsequent early tau deposition. Further, it appears that rates of amyloid accumulation already begin to slow in preclinical AD, suggesting that it is a relatively late stage of AD progression. Thus, it is crucial to examine older adults early, before amyloid levels have saturated, to intervene to slow disease progression.
Fear Memory Recall Potentiates Opiate Reward Sensitivity through Dissociable Dopamine D1 versus D4 Receptor-Dependent Memory Mechanisms in the Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Jing Li Jing , Szkudlarek Hanna , Renard Justine , Hudson Roger , Rushlow Walter , Laviolette Steven R. 
Published: April 2018

Disturbances in prefrontal cortical (PFC) dopamine (DA) transmission are well established features of psychiatric disorders involving pathological memory processing, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and opioid addiction. Transmission through PFC DA D4 receptors (D4Rs) has been shown to potentiate the emotional salience of normally nonsalient emotional memories, whereas transmission through PFC DA D1 receptors (D1Rs) has been demonstrated to selectively block recall of reward- or aversion-related associative memories. In the present study, using a combination of fear conditioning and opiate reward conditioning in male rats, we examined the role of PFC D4/D1R signaling during the processing of fear-related memory acquisition and recall and subsequent sensitivity to opiate reward memory formation. We report that PFC D4R activation potentiates the salience of normally subthreshold fear conditioning memory cues and simultaneously potentiates the rewarding effects of systemic or intra-ventral tegmental area (VTA) morphine conditioning cues. In contrast, blocking the recall of salient fear memories with intra-PFC D1R activation, blocks the ability of fear memory recall to potentiate systemic or intra-VTA morphine place preference. These effects were dependent upon dissociable PFC phosphorylation states involving calcium-calmodulin-kinase II or extracellular signal-related kinase 1–2, following intra-PFC D4 or D1R activation, respectively. Together, these findings reveal new insights into how aberrant PFC DAergic transmission and associated downstream molecular signaling pathways may modulate fear-related emotional memory processing and concomitantly increase opioid addiction vulnerability.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPost-traumatic stress disorder is highly comorbid with addiction. In this study, we use a translational model of fear memory conditioning to examine how transmission through dopamine D1 or D4 receptors, in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), may differentially control acquisition or recall of fear memories and how these mechanisms might regulate sensitivity to the rewarding effects of opioids. We demonstrate that PFC D4 activation not only controls the salience of fear memory acquisition, but potentiates the rewarding effects of opioids. In contrast, PFC D1 receptor activation blocks recall of fear memories and prevents potentiation of opioid reward effects. Together, these findings demonstrate novel PFC mechanisms that may account for how emotional memory disturbances might increase the addictive liability of opioid-class drugs.
TAS2R38 Predisposition to Bitter Taste Associated with Differential Changes in Vegetable Intake in Response to a Community-Based Dietary Intervention
Authors: Calancie Larissa , Keyserling Thomas C , Taillie Lindsey Smith , Robasky Kimberly , Patterson Cam , Ammerman Alice S , Schisler Jonathan C 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Although vegetable consumption associates with decreased risk for a variety of diseases, few Americans meet dietary recommendations for vegetable intake. TAS2R38 encodes a taste receptor that confers bitter taste sensing from chemicals found in some vegetables. Common polymorphisms in TAS2R38 lead to coding substitutions that alter receptor function and result in the loss of bitter taste perception. Our study examined whether bitter taste perception TAS2R38 diplotypes associated with vegetable consumption in participants enrolled in either an enhanced or a minimal nutrition counseling intervention. DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood cells of study participants (N = 497) and analyzed for polymorphisms. Vegetable consumption was determined using the Block Fruit and Vegetable screener. We tested for differences in the frequency of vegetable consumption between intervention and genotype groups over time using mixed effects models. Baseline vegetable consumption frequency did not associate with bitter taste diplotypes (P = 0.937), however after six months of the intervention, we observed an interaction between bitter taste diplotypes and time (P = 0.046). Participants in the enhanced intervention increased their vegetable consumption frequency (P = 0.020) and within this intervention group, the bitter non-tasters and intermediate-bitter tasters had the largest increase in vegetable consumption. In contrast, in the minimal intervention group, the bitter tasting participants reported a decrease in vegetable consumption. Bitter-non tasters and intermediate-bitter tasters increased vegetable consumption in either intervention more than those who perceive bitterness. Future precision medicine applications could consider genetic variation in bitter taste perception genes when designing dietary interventions.
Pooperacinių storosios žarnos anastomozių nesandarumo gydymo kaštų analizė
Authors: Poškus Eligijus , Mikėnas Saulius , Danys Donatas 
Published: April 2018

[straipsnis ir santrauka lietuvių kalba; santrauka anglų kalba]
Įvadas. Anastomozės nesandarumas yra viena iš pavojingiausių komplikacijų, kylančių po storosios žarnos rezekcinių operacijų. Dėl šios pooperaciniu laikotarpiu pasireiškiančios komplikacijos pacientams didėja sergamumo ir mirtingumo rizika. Be komplikacijų ir pacientui sukeliamų klinikinių simptomų, anastomozės nesandarumas yra didelė finansinė našta ligoninei dėl atliekamų pakartotinių operacijų, didelio lovadienių skaičiaus, instrumentinių tyrimų ir kitų veiksnių, susijusių su anastomozės nesandarumo gydymu.Ligoniai ir metodai. Atliktas retrospektyvinis tyrimas. Tirti 39 pacientai, kuriems pooperaciniu laikotarpiu po storosios žarnos rezekcinės operacijos pasireiškė anastomozės nesandarumas. Analizuoti duomenys rinkti iš ligos istorijų protokolų ir naudojantis ligoninės elektronine sistema. Gydymo išlaidos skaičiuotos bendradarbiaujant su Vilniaus universiteto ligoninės Santaros klinikų Ekonomikos skyriumi. Anastomozės nesandarumo gydymo kaina lyginta su įprasto nekomplikuoto gydymo kaina ir su lėšomis, skirtomis pacientams gydyti, iš Valstybinės ligonių kasos.Rezultatai. Analizuoti 26 vyrų (66,7 %) ir 13 moterų (33,3 %) duomenys. Tiriamųjų amžiaus vidurkis – 69,5±13,6 metų, kūno masės indekso (KMI) vidurkis – 28,3. Ligoninės išlaidos šių pacientų anastomozės nesandarumui gydyti buvo didesnės negu lėšos, skirtos iš Valstybinės ligonių kasos (8 373,2±3 709,27 Eur vs. 4 097,1±1254,66 Eur) (p < 0,001). Ligonių, kuriems nustatytas anastomozės nesandarumas, gydymas kainavo keturis kartus daugiau negu nekomplikuotas poopercinis gydymas (8 373,2±3 709,27 Eur vs. 2 041,51±146,53 Eur), truko ilgiau (25,7±18,48 dienų vs. 7,5 dienų) ir buvo dešimt kartų nuostolingesnis (4 275,6±2 967,84 Eur vs. 389,0±146,08 Eur). 2014–2016 m. bendras ligoninės nuostolis, gydant anastomozės nesandarumą, siekė 166 769,74 Eur. Gydymo metu mirė 10 (25,6 %) tiriamųjų.Išvados. Storosios žarnos anastomozių nesandarumo gydymas kelia ligoninei didelę finansinę naštą. Būtina ieškoti sprendimų šiai problemai spręsti.
Pranešimas Humanitarinių mokslų fakulteto tarybai
Authors: Sezemanas Vosylius 
Published: April 2018

[tekstas lietuvių kalba]
Apie p. J. Donskio veikalą: Die Erkenntnis des Fremdseelischen. Versuch der Erkenntnis des Fremdseelischen auf allgemein erkenntnistheorischer Grundlage.
Electronic Cigarettes and Future Marijuana Use: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dai Hongying , Catley Delwyn , Richter Kimber P. , Goggin Kathy , Ellerbeck Edward F. 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUND:
Cigarettes have been strongly associated with subsequent marijuana use among adolescents, but electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are now rapidly replacing traditional cigarettes among youth. This study examines associations between youth e-cigarette use and subsequent marijuana use in a national sample.

METHODS:
Youth (aged 12–17 years) never marijuana users at wave 1 (n = 10 364; 2013–2014) from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study were followed-up in 1 year (wave 2, 2014–2015). Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to evaluate associations between e-cigarette use at wave 1 and ever/heavy marijuana use in the past 12 months (P12M) and at wave 2.

RESULTS:
Among never marijuana users, e-cigarette ever use (versus never use) at wave 1 was associated with increased likelihood of marijuana P12M use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4–2.5) at wave 2. There was a significant interaction between e-cigarette use and age (P &lt; .05) with aOR = 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7–4.3) for adolescents aged 12 to 14 and aOR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.2–2.3) for adolescents aged 15 to 17. The association with heavy marijuana use was significant among younger adolescents (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.2–5.3) but was not among older adolescents. Heavier e-cigarette use at wave 1 yielded higher odds of P12M and heavy marijuana use at wave 2 for younger adolescents.

CONCLUSIONS:
E-cigarette use predicts subsequent marijuana use among youth, with a stronger associations among young adolescents. Reducing youth access to e-cigarettes may decrease downstream marijuana use.
Efficacy of platelet rich fibrin in myringoplasty
Authors: Sharma Disha , Mohindroo Shobha , Azad Ramesh K. 
Published: April 2018

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Myringoplasty involves repair of tympanic membrane perforation with an autologous graft.The aim was to compare between myringoplasty with PRF and myringoplasty without fibrin.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted from July 2016 to June 2017,100 patients were taken. In 50 patients platelet rich fibrin was placed over graft and external auditory canal during myringoplasty and 50 without PRF. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> It was seen in the study that PRF improves overall success rate of myringoplasty study and there was significant improvement in ABG at 500 hz, 1000 hz, 2000 hz frequencies.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The higher success rate of myringoplasty with PRF was seen as compared to myringoplasty without fibrin. There were no noticeable side effects.</p>
KONTRIBUSI SYAIR ACHMAD SYAUQI BAGI PERKEMBANGAN ANAK
Authors: Eva Farhah Annisa Mutiara Rj, 
Published: April 2018

This research tries to find the text structure and also the personal and educational values of a children poem by Achmad Syauqi (1868-1932 M) entitled <em>“</em><em>Sulaimān wath-Thāwūs”. </em>The theory used is Michael Riffaterre’s semiotic. It is a discipline which studies system, rules, and conversions which enables to see the meaning of the sign. The method used is descriptive qualitative, which explains data in form of word, phrases, sentences, or expressions in the text. Not only that this research also reveals the personal and educational values of the text. In this case the purpose of this research is <em>first</em>, to explain the poem’s text structure and <em>second</em>, to reveal the personal and educational values as contribution to children poems. It is found that the text structure of <em>“</em><em>Sulaimān wath-Thāwūs” </em> has a single relation between elements so it gives a clear meaning. The personal and educational values given in the text <em>“</em><em>Sulaimān wath-Thāwūs” </em>includes emotional growth, intelligent, imaginations, ethical and religious growth, exploration, language, aesthetic values and reading habit.
KESALAHAN GRAMATIKA BAHASA ARAB PADA TULISAN MAHASISWA PRODI SASTRA ARAB UGM
Authors: Masrukhi Moh. 
Published: April 2018

<p>Error in the language occurs due to speakers or learners already have rules of grammar different from other grammars being studied. An impact arises on the imperfection or inability of speakers implying the use of the language. This article will reveal the errors that arise as a result of the lack of dominance of the rules of the language being studied. The goal is to find out on what level the error occurred. This research data is taken from the final examination of the subjects of Arabic Text Review Semester I and Semester III students of Arabic. Further data is analyzed by utilizing existing Arabic structure concept or theory. The result is that these learners' language errors occur both on the lexicon, Arabic phrase and as well in Arabic clauses. From the results of this study can be argued that to avoid language errors, grammatical mastery or grammar of a second language requires a lot of practice, both written and oral.</p>
KEBEBASAN WANITA PADA TEKS “WARDAH AL-HĀNĪ”(1908) DALAM ANTOLOGI CERPEN “AL-ARWĀH AL-MUTAMARRIDAH” KARYA JUBRĀN KHALĪL JUBRĀN (KAJIAN SOSIOLOGI SASTRA)
Authors: Tri Yanti Nurul Hidayati Mufidah Nuruddiniyah, 
Published: April 2018

<p>Women and emancipation are two things that can not be separated, both are like two sides of the same coin. One form of women's emancipation is a freedom of determining a spouse. This research aims to describe the several forms of women's freedom of determining a spouse in short story of Kahlil Gibran entitled Wardah Al Hānī based on literary sociology theory of Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. The methodology used to realize that aim is descriptive qualitative. The results reveal that women's freedom of determining a spouse is divided into two perspectives, one relates to the opinion of the character in a story and other determined by his behaviors. In the first side, the character has an opinion that the real happiness in the life only can be brought by love. So, she must choose the man she loved. And in another side, the women's freedom is shown by the way she left her legal husband and went to the other beloved man to make her happiness life.</p><p> </p>
Arka Ayaktaki Pronasyon Artışının Fiziksel Performans Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Karartı Caner , Bilgin Sevil , Büyükturan Öznur , Büyükturan Buket 
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Arka ayaktaki pronasyon artışı
ayağın biyomekaniğini bozarak,
kişilerin spor yapma, uzun süre ayakta kalma ve yürüme gibi
günlük aktivitelerini ve fiziksel uygunluğunu etkileyebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın
amacı genç yetişkinlerde arka ayakta pronasyon artışıyla fiziksel performans
arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18 ile 25
yaş arası 64 sağlıklı genç yetişkin, gönüllü olarak dahil edildi. Çalışmaya katılan
bireylerin demografik bilgileri kaydedilerek arka ayak pronasyonu navikular
düşme testi ile değerlendirildi. Bireylerin fiziksel performansları ise dikey
sıçrama testi, side step testi ve mekik koşu testi ile değerlendirildi. Arka
ayak pronasyonu ile fiziksel performans arasındaki ilişkinin
değerlendirilmesinde Spearman Korelasyon Analizi kullanıldı. İstatistiksel
anlamlılık değeri p&lt;0.05 olarak kabul edildi.Bulgular: Navikular
düşme testi
ile side step testi ve mekik koşu testi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı
bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p
&lt;0.05). Bireylerde arka ayaktaki pronasyon şiddeti arttıkça side step
testi ve mekik koşu testi performanslarının kötüleştiği görülmüştür. Navikular
düşme testi ile dikey sıçrama testi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir
ilişki bulunmamıştır.Sonuçlar: Arka ayak pronasyonunun artması bireylerin sıçrama ve koşu gibi fiziksel
performanslarını olumsuz etkilemektedir.
Genç yetişkinlerde sıklıkla görülen artmış pronasyonun ilerlemesinin
erken dönemde önlenmesi ve ileride oluşabilecek muskuloskeletal anomalilerin ve
fiziksel performanstaki düşüşlerin en aza indirilmesi, koruyucu programlarda
ele alınması gereken önemli bir konudur.

Anahtar
Kelimeler: arka ayak pronasyonu, fiziksel performans, navikular düşme testi
PROJECT FINANCING AS A TOOL FOR REGIONAL PROJECT LENDING
Authors: Переверзева В. , Pereverzeva V. 
Published: April 2018

<p>Further development of single-industry towns, as well as solution of their acute socio-economic issues demand modernization, redevelopment of city-forming enterprises on an innovative basis, formation of a new «image», all of which is impossible without attracting significant financial resources. In the conditions of limited budget financing, aggravated by the necessity to implement major investment projects, only the most effective methods of financing investment activities should be applied in single-industry urban environment. It is justified that in monocities, whose economy is characterized by a high level of risks, it is advisable to use such method as project financing for financing investment processes. World experience in managing the economy in risky and crisis situations shows that project financing is the most effective and sustainable form of financing, which justifies the significant legal and administrative costs inherent to its implementation. Regional analysis of the world market of project financing allows us to conclude that this form of financing is especially useful for countries and regions with underdeveloped institutions.</p>
DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS AS A TOOL FOR DIVERSIFYING THE ECONOMY OF A MONOTOWN
Authors: Юрьева Т. , Yurieva T. 
Published: April 2018

<p>The current study shows that the development projects for single-industry towns should provide a close relationship between the goals of strategic development, public expenditure, final results, as well as the principles and tools of the project approach. The paper introduces a classification of development projects for monotowns. Such projects, if oriented to innovative development, are often implemented within the framework of an anti-crisis strategy, limited investment resources, and a lack of qualified specialists in the field of project management. Effective project management, especially development projects, requires skilled personnel with modern competences in project management. Personal competences of the stuff should comprise behavioral (leadership, ethics, etc.), contextual (project orientation, finances, etc.) and technological abilities (requirements and targets of the project, concerned parties, risks, etc.). Such competencies, consistent with international standards in the field of project management, will effectively manage by the development projects for monotowns in the conditions of constant changes, an increased level of risks and insufficient development of institutions</p>
FORMATION OF KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY IN A RESOURCE-EXTRACTING REGION: THE ROLE OF THE FLAGSHIP UNIVERSITY
Authors: Жернов Е. , Zhernov E. 
Published: April 2018

<p>The subject of the study is the role of the flagship university in the formation of knowledge economy in a resource-extracting region. The aim of the research is to reveal the role of the flagship university in the development of a resource-extracting region towards the knowledge economy via its basic social and economic functions, defined by the urgent needs of the local community, according to the local natural and economic specifics. The research employed some elements of system analysis. The study results: the study has<br />revealed some development components, critical for innovative development of Kuzbass, which is a typical resource-extracting region, influenced by its flagship university; the role of the flagship university in the formation of knowledge economy via the definition<br />of its social and economic functions has been revealed; a belief-creative mission of university education in a knowledge-based society has been established. The results can be used in the development planning of higher education in the Kemerovo region.<br />Conclusions: 1. The critical components of regional development, which are influenced by the flagship university, embrace human resources, as well as measures to transform social infrastructure; natural resources together with ecology; cultural and demographic<br />resources of development. 2. New models of university education combine the processes of market economy and the traditional socio-cultural functions of the university, important for the socialization of the knowledge economy. 3. The social function of the flagship<br />university is due to its main traditional function of forming a modern picture of the world among students and primarily consists in creating a solid foundation for demographic growth in the region. 4. The economic function of the flagship university is, first of all, in teaching practical skills that would enable students to join the regional production and economic activities immediately after graduation</p>