bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy demand of occupant’s spatial modification in residential buildings. Case study of Médéa, Algeria
Authors: Soufiane Boukarta , Ewa Berezowska-Azzag 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Housing is rated as one of the most commonly consuming energy field in terms of energy end-use with 41%. Regarding the transformations dealt by dwellers for functional and social uses. The aim of this paper is: Firstly, to highlight the non-controlled transformation process made by the occupant in Algeria; Secondly, to explore the impact of the energy load of such spatial transformations. The question is approached in two tracks, (i) Through Ecotect software’s simulations (ii) and measurements through a collection of energy end-use data. Basically, the energy demand is bound to dwelling’s spatial and socioeconomic criteria. Three cases studied showed consequently 2 positive and 1 negative energy load, in which two explanations may be given: Insulation quality that occupant is lacking facilities to improve may be stated as a physical explanation, as well as for the socio economic one, the density per dwelling plays a major role, but it is the income which explains within the two approaches more than 87% of the energy end use.
Hydro power plants, an overview of the current types and technology
Authors: Tkáč Štefan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Despite the long history of hydropower technology and rising number of system harvesting energy from alternative sources, the constant research within hydro power sector becoming increasingly important as the power from water was and still is the leading alternative source of green energy generation, capitalized not necessarily within micro-urban structures only. The advantages of hydro systems involve their relatively low acquisition cost against durability, the possibility of gaining energy independence, relatively high flexibility and adaptability for spatial conditions and energy demands of the end users. Nowadays micro hydro systems could capitalize head range starting at 100cm and the efficiency of hydro systems in general ranges between 65-75% in micro and small applications climbing up to 96% in macro designs. It is mostly due to flexibility in applications, adaptability in combinations with other renewable energy systems and the ability to generate clean, stable, thus reliable energy that makes technical development the most vibrant and noticeable in the micro sphere.
Comparison of physical and mechanical properties of river sand concrete with quarry dust concrete
Authors: Opara Hyginus E. , Eziefula Uchechi G. , Eziefula Bennett I. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This study compared the physical and mechanical properties of river sand concrete with quarry dust concrete. The constituent materials were batched by weight. The water-cement ratio and mix ratio selected for the experimental investigation were 0.55 and 1:2:4, respectively. The specimens were cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Slump, density and compressive strength tests were carried out. The results showed that river sand concrete had greater density and compressive strength than quarry dust concrete for all curing ages. At 28 days of curing, river sand concrete exceeded the target compressive strength by 36%, whereas quarry dust concrete was less than the target compressive strength by 12%. Both river sand concrete and quarry dust concrete for the selected water/cement ratio and mix ratio are suitable for non-structural applications and lightly-loaded members where high strength is not a prerequisite.
Kuratowski Monoids of n-Topological Spaces
Authors: Banakh Taras , Chervak Ostap , Martynyuk Tetyana , Pylypovych Maksym , Ravsky Alex , Simkiv Markiyan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Generalizing the famous 14-set closure-complement Theorem of Kuratowski from 1922, we prove that for a set X endowed with n pairwise comparable topologies Ʈ1 ⊂ · · · ⊂ Ʈn, by repeated application of the operations of complement and closure in the topologies Ʈ1, . . . , Ʈn to a subset A ⊂ X we can obtain at most
Balanced and functionally balanced P-groups
Authors: Shlossberg Menachem 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
In relation to Itzkowitz’s problem [5], we show that a c-bounded P-group is balanced if and only if it is functionally balanced.We prove that for an arbitrary P-group, being functionally balanced is equivalent to being strongly functionally balanced. A special focus is given to the uniform free topological group defined over a uniform P-space. In particular, we show that this group is (functionally) balanced precisely when its subsets Bn, consisting of words of length at most n, are all (resp., functionally) balanced.
Marine engineering and sub-disciplinary variations: a rhetorical analysis of research article abstracts
Authors: Huang Ju Chuan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This study explores the rhetorical structure and linguistic features of research article abstracts in an applied discipline. Recently, many emerging applied disciplines have evolved to incorporate knowledge from a variety of disciplinary areas. Therefore, the writing style may vary within one discipline. While most studies have compared rhetorical variations between disciplines, few have examined sub-disciplinary variations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which variations exist among research article abstracts in three sub-fields of one applied discipline: marine engineering. A small specific corpus consisting of 60 marine engineering abstracts was compiled. By examining similarities and differences in the rhetorical structure, frequently used verbs, tense, and the use of first person pronouns, the analysis showed that sub-disciplinary variations existed among the three sub-fields. For example, the abstracts in the sub-field of automatic control (a discipline closely related to electronic engineering) differ from the abstracts of the other two sub-fields as for rhetorical structure, verb tense, and frequency of use of first-person pronouns. The findings of this study indicate that English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instructors should take into account sub-disciplinary preferences when teaching academic writing so that students can make informed choices when writing in their specific sub-field.
Application of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus for reducing fouling of membranes used for wastewater treatment
Authors: Özkan Melek , Yılmaz Hilal , Çelik Merve Akay , Şengezer Çişel , Erhan Elif , Keskinler Bülent 
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Background
Membrane bioreactor (MBR) systems used for wastewater treatment (WWT) processes are regarded as clean technologies. Degradation capacity of the predator bacterium, Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, was used as a cleaning strategy for reducing membrane fouling.

Method
Wastewater with different sludge age and hydraulic retention time were filtered through Poly(ether)sulphone (PES) membranes using dead end reactor. Change in filtration performance after cleaning of membrane surface by B. bacteriovorus was measured by comparison of flux values. Bacterial community of the sludge was determined by 16SrRNA sequence analysis. Community profile of membrane surface was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization technique.

Results
After cleaning of MP005 and UP150 membranes with predator bacteria, 4.8 L/m2·h and 2.04 L/m2·h increase in stable flux at steady state condition was obtained as compared to the control, respectively. Aeromonas, Proteus, and Alcaligenes species were found to be dominant members of the sludge. Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus lysed pure cultures of the isolated sludge bacteria successfully. FISH analysis of the membrane surface showed that Alfa-proteobacteria are the most numerous bacteria among the biofilm community on the membrane surface.

Conclusion
Results suggested that cleaning of MBR membranes with B. bacteriovorus has a potential to be used as a biological cleaning method.
Flow Mixing and Screech Characteristics of Elliptical Supersonic Jet
Authors: Manigandan S. , Vijayaraja K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe acoustic and flow characteristics of a jet with elliptical throat is studied at different levels of nozzle expansion ratio. In this study, we have taken two types of CD nozzle configuration (circular and elliptical throat) and it is studied for various NPR ratios of 2, 3, 4 and 6. In addition, the acoustic characteristic of the jet flow is also measured for respective NPRs. Measurements of acoustic data are done using microphones placed at 30, 60 and 90 degrees to imprison the effects of screech tone. At NPR 2, 3 and 4, the jet with elliptical throat witnesses superior mixing and shorter core length compared to the circular throat. Its surprising to see both the configurations provides the identical oscillation at NPR 2, 3 and 4, however the efficiency of jet mixing is larger in elliptical throat jet. As the nozzle pressure ratio increased from 2 to 3 and 3 to 4, the potential core length of the jet reduces marginally about 5 to 10 % for every NPR until nozzle pressure ratio of 5. At NPR 2 and 3, the centerline pitot pressure profile shows, the decay of jet from the elliptical throat is healthier than a circular jet. At various levels of nozzle expansion, shock cell shows an appreciable change with an increase in NPR. Introduction of the elliptical throat on circular modifies the structure of shock cell which significantly changes the magnitude of screech tone due to the weakening of shock waves.
An Investigation of the Behavior of Steady-State Laminar Jet Spray Flames
Authors: Weinberg Noam , Greenberg J. Barry 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The theory of steady-state laminar jet spray flames is developed in the limit of small Stokes number. The spray is modeled using the sectional approach. A similarity solution is suggested, and it is shown that for typical operating conditions the leading order small Stokes number solution suffices for determining lift-off and blow-out features of the flames. The latter are demonstrated to be strongly dependent on spray properties, in contrast to the Schmidt number dependence only which was predicted by classical laminar jet gaseous flame theory. The strong influence of the ambient oxygen content and the liquid fuel’s evaporation coefficient on flame characteristics, blow-out and lift-off are established.
Das System Mussolini
Authors: Guerrazzi Amedeo Osti 
Published: April 2018

Vorspann
Im Arbeitsalltag Benito Mussolinis nahmen Audienzen einen wichtigen Platz ein. Fast einhunderttausend Besucher empfing der faschistische Diktator in den mehr als 22 Jahren seiner Amtszeit. Die Audienzlisten sind nun in einer Datenbank des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom erfasst. Amedeo Osti Guerazzi hat sie für die Jahre bis 1943 ausgewertet und kann aufzeigen, wie unzuverlässig einflussreiche Werke der Memoirenliteratur aus der Umgebung Mussolinis sind. Zugleich wird deutlich, wie dieser sich und sein Regime mit seinem umfassenden Kontrollstreben überforderte.
A Co(II) complex from a pyridylamide ligand: synthesis and structural characterization
Authors: Zhu Xiao-Hong , Jiang Ding-Yun , Hu Tao , Li Deng-Hao 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The hydrothermal reaction of N3,N5-di(pyridin-4-yl)pyridine-3,5-dicarboxamide (L) with Co(NO3)2·6H2O and ErCl3·6H2O yields a new complex, {[Co(L)2(NO3)1.15(Cl)0.85]·4DMF}n (1). Complex 1 has been characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, IR, and elemental and thermogravimetric analysis. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Fddd and shows a chain structure.
Cellulose-Based Hydrogels with Controllable Electrical and Mechanical Properties
Authors: Zhang Enwei , Yang Jing , Liu Wei 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Electrically conductive cellulose-based hydrogels are prepared by a facile and environmentally friendly method, of which the electrical and mechanical properties can be easily controlled by varying the graphene loading. With an ultralow initial addition of graphene oxide (GO, 0.2 wt% versus the mass of cellulose), the resulting cellulose/reduced graphene oxide (CG0.2) hydrogel shows a significantly enhanced compressive modulus of 332.01 kPa, 54.8% higher than that of pure cellulose hydrogel. Further increasing the addition of GO to 2 wt% (versus the mass of cellulose), the electrical conductivity of the resultant CG2.0 hydrogel is as high as 7.3×10−3 S/m, 10,000-fold higher than that of pure cellulose hydrogel, and of which the mechanical properties are also enhanced. These cellulose-based hydrogels with controllable electrical and mechanical properties have a great potential for application in drug delivery and artificial muscle.
“GEOGRAFIA E ENSINO I”: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DE INTEGRAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE-ESCOLA NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE GEOGRAFIA / “GEOGRAPHY AND TEACHING I”: A EXPERIENCE OF UNIVERSITY-SCHOOL INTEGRATION IN TRAINING OF TEACHERS OF GEOGRAPHY
Authors: Batista Natália Lampert , Cassol Roberto , Becker Elsbeth Léia Spode , Rizzatti Maurício 
Published: April 2018

A docência orientada possibilita ao pós-graduando a experiência de ministrar aulas no Ensino Superior, permitindo outro olhar sobre a prática docente na Universidade. O presente relato se refere a Docência Orientada realizada na disciplina do curso de graduação em Geografia Licenciatura, Geografia e Ensino I, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, turma 10, do segundo semestre de 2016. Com a sistematização da disciplina no referido ano, objetivou-se desenvolver habilidades teórico-práticas para o Ensino de Cartografia no Ensino Fundamental; proporcionar aos alunos matriculados na disciplina Geografia e Ensino I um momento de vivência e de reflexão sobre o espaço escolar; e produzir e testar metodologias de Ensino de Cartografia com alunos Ensino Fundamental. A partir das oficinas desenvolvidas no espaço escolar, acredita-se que a organização da disciplina de Geografia e Ensino I, edição de 2016, contribuiu significativamente para a formação dos acadêmicos de graduação, pois integrou a teoria, referente ao Ensino de Cartografia, com as vivências no espaço escolar, que resultaram em motivação para o ser professor e reflexões sobre o ato de ensinar.Abstract:Oriented teaching enables the post-graduate student to teach classes in Higher Education, allowing another look at teaching practice at the University. The present report refers to oriented teaching carried out in the discipline of the undergraduate course in Geography Degree, Geography and Teaching I, of the Federal University of Santa Maria, class 10, of the second semester of 2016. With the systematization of the discipline in the mentioned year, the objective was to develop theoretical-practical abilities for the Teaching of Cartography in Elementary School; To provide the students enrolled in the discipline I a moment of experience and reflection on the school space; and produce and test Cartography Teaching methodologies with elementary students. From the workshops developed in the school space, it is believed that the organization of the discipline of Geography and Teaching I, edition of 2016, contributed significantly to the training of undergraduate students, since it integrated the theoretical about Cartography Teaching to experiences in space School, which resulted in motivation for being a teacher and reflections on the act of teaching.Keywords: Oriented Teaching; Teaching of Cartography; Teacher training.
Characterization of Functional GABAergic Synapses Formed between Rat Hypothalamic Neurons and Pituitary Intermediate Lobe Cells in Coculture: Ca2+Dependence of Spontaneous IPSCs
Authors: Poisbeau Pierrick , René Frédérique , Egles Christophe , Félix Jean-Marc , Feltz Paul , Schlichter Rémy 
Published: April 2018

Rat hypothalamic neurons and endocrine cells from the intermediate lobe of the pituitary were grown in dissociated coculture. Neurons positively stained with an antibody against glutamate decarboxylase established apparent contacts with the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-positive endocrine cells. These sites of contact were intensely labeled with an antibody against the synaptic protein synapsin I and displayed ultrastructural features characteristic of synapses. Using patch-clamp recordings, we have demonstrated that these contacts correspond to functional GABAergic synapses. The synaptic currents were blocked reversibly by bicuculline (5 μm) and SR95531 (5 μm), two competitive antagonists of the GABAAreceptor. At a holding potential of −60 mV, spontaneously occurring IPSCs (s-IPSCs) had small amplitudes (10–100 pA), whereas electrically evoked IPSCs (ee-IPSCs) had amplitudes up to 1 nA. The rise times of both types of IPSCs were fast (≤1 msec), and their decaying phases were fitted in most cases with a single exponential function (time constant, 50 msec). The amplitude distribution of s-IPSCs did not reveal clear, equally spaced peaks and was little affected by tetrodotoxin, suggesting that most s-IPSCs were miniature IPSCs. Reduction of extracellular calcium concentration to 0.3 mminduced a marked decrease in s-IPSC frequency and revealed a single amplitude peak at 10 pA, suggesting that a single quantum of GABA activates 8–10 GABAAchannels. Thus, our preparation might be an interesting model to study different aspects of synapse formation between a central neuron and its target as well as the fundamental mechanisms of synaptic transmission at central synapses.
Effects of Salicylate and Lanthanides on Outer Hair Cell Motility and Associated Gating Charge
Authors: Kakehata Seiji , Santos-Sacchi Joseph 
Published: April 2018

Salicylate, one of the most widely used drugs, is known to induce reversible tinnitus and hearing loss. Salicylate interferes with outer hair cells (OHCs), which are believed to underlie normal auditory frequency selectivity and sensitivity. In the present experiments, the effects of salicylate and lanthanides on OHC motility and nonlinear capacitance were investigated by using isolated guinea-pig OHCs while attempting to avoid inadvertent intracellular pressure change, which itself can affect OHC motility and capacitance. Either extracellularly or intracellularly applied salicylate reduced nonlinear peak capacitance (Cmpk) and shifted the voltage at peak capacitance to depolarized levels. Concentration–response curves for reduction inCmpkby salicylate and GdCl3revealed a half-maximal concentration and Hill coefficient of 1.6 mmand 1.0, and 0.6 mmand 1.2, respectively. In comparable groups of OHCs, the normalCmpkvalues of which were near 40 pF, averageCmpkdecreased to 28 and 36 pF for intracellularly and extracellularly applied salicylate, respectively. Salicylate reduced, but did not completely block, the voltage-induced length change. Extracellularly, but not intracellularly, applied lanthanide blocked voltage-induced movement and capacitance almost completely. After intracellular trypsin treatment, salicylate reduced voltage-dependent capacitance reversibly, suggesting that salicylate directly acts on the sensor/motor and not via effects on intracellular structures, such as the subsurface cisternae. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the dissociated, charged form of salicylate directly interacts with the sensor/motor on the inner aspect of the OHC plasma, whereas lanthanides interact on the outer aspect.
Activation of Intrinsic and Synaptic Currents in Leech Heart Interneurons by Realistic Waveforms
Authors: Olsen Øystein H. , Calabrese Ronald L. 
Published: April 2018

Leech heart interneurons were voltage-clamped with realistic waveforms to investigate the currents underlying the oscillation in the cells. By estimating the leak current parameters in regions in which there was little contamination by voltage-gated currents, it was possible to measure the Ca2+current, the persistent Na+current,IP, and the hyperpolarization-activated inward current,Ih.The experiments verified a prediction of a computer model of HN cells that the shape of the typical waveform was such that the low-threshold Ca2+currents were partially inactivated during a slow up-ramp to a plateau potential. A step within the same range of the membrane potential as the realistic waveform produced >4 times as much Ca2+current. In two-cell voltage-clamp experiments, the step produced 20 times more graded inhibition than the normal presynaptic waveform. When the presynaptic heart interneuron oscillated with spikes, the graded inhibition was larger. The difference may arise from integration of a slowly decaying component of the spike-mediated inhibition.The persistent Na+current had a very low threshold. During the most hyperpolarized phase of the waveform,IPdeactivated to 50% of its maximum conductance. A substantial part ofIP, therefore, was effectively contributing to the leak current in the HN cells.The h-current increased for waveforms that had longer periods, whereas increasing the h-current in the model reduced the period. The h-current thus provides negative feedback to perturbations that alter the period of the oscillation.
The α1ECalcium Channel Exhibits Permeation Properties Similar to Low-Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels
Authors: Bourinet Emmanuel , Zamponi Gerald W. , Stea Anthony , Soong Tuck W. , Lewis Bertram A. , Jones Lisa P. , Yue David T. , Snutch Terry P. 
Published: April 2018

The physiological and pharmacological properties of the α1Ecalcium (Ca) channel subtype do not exactly match any of the established categories described for native neuronal Ca currents. Many of the key diagnostic features used to assign cloned Ca channels to their native counterparts, however, are dependent on a number of factors, including cellular environment, β subunit coexpression, and modulation by second messengers and G-proteins. Here, by examining the intrinsic pore characteristics of a family of transiently expressed neuronal Ca channels, we demonstrate that the permeation properties of α1Eclosely resemble those described for a subset of low-threshold Ca channels. The α1A(P-/Q-type), α1B(N-type), and α1C(L-type) high-threshold Ca channels all exhibit larger whole-cell currents with barium (Ba) as the charge carrier as compared with Ca or strontium (Sr). In contrast, macroscopic α1Ecurrents are largest in Sr, followed by Ca and then Ba. The unique permeation properties of α1Eare maintained at the single-channel level, are independent of the nature of the expression system, and are not affected by coexpression of α2and β subunits. Overall, the permeation characteristics of α1Eare distinct from those described for R-type currents and share some similarities with native low-threshold Ca channels.