bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined photocatalytic and biological process for textile wastewater treatments
Authors: da Silva Leandro S. , Gonçalves Márcia M. Machado , Raddi de Araujo Lucia R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAzo dyes, common in textile wastewater, have high photolytic and chemical stabilities, which make them difficult to be removed using conventional treatments. This study aims to evaluate a combined process using heterogeneous photocatalysis, with ZnO/UV or TiO2/UV (0.6 g catalyst L−1 solution/2‐hr UV radiation), and a biological process for textile wastewater treatment. After the proposed treatments, the color and organic matter removals from synthetic wastewater (SW) and industrial wastewater (IW) were evaluated. For SW, the coupled photocatalytic (ZnO/UV or TiO2/UV)–biological system promoted a high extent of color removal (98%) and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction (>80%). Promising results were obtained with IW using combined photocatalytic (TiO2/UV)–biological treatments, reaching 97% and 63% of color and TOC removal, respectively. This process, coupling heterogeneous photocatalysis and a bioprocess, has proved to be a good alternative for the treatment of textile wastewater, not only for color removal but also for dye mineralization purposes.Practitioner points

A combined process using heterogeneous photocatalysis (ZnO/UV or TiO2/UV) and biological process was evaluated for synthetic (SW) and industrial (IW) textile wastewaters treatment.

For SW, coupled process promoted high extent of colour and organic matter removals.

For IW, promising results were obtained with TiO2/UV‐biological treatment (97% of colour and 63% of organic matter removals).
Altered expression of insulin‐degrading enzyme and regulator of calcineurin in the rat intracerebral streptozotocin model and human apolipoprotein E‐ε4–associated Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Delikkaya Büşra , Moriel Natalia , Tong Ming , Gallucci Gina , de la Monte Suzanne M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntroductionThis study assesses insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) as potential mediators of brain insulin deficiency and neurodegeneration in experimental and human Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsTemporal lobes from Long Evans rats treated with intracerebral streptozotocin or vehicle and postmortem frontal lobes from humans with normal aging AD (Braak 0‐2), moderate (Braak 3‐4) AD, or advanced (Braak 5‐6) AD were used to measure IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein.ResultsIntracerebral streptozotocin significantly increased IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein. In humans with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 and AD, IDE was elevated at Braak 3‐4, but at Braak 5‐6, IDE expression was significantly reduced. RCAN1 mRNA was similarly reduced in ApoE ε4+ patients with moderate or severe AD, whereas RCAN1 protein declined with the severity of AD and ApoE ε4 dose.DiscussionThe findings suggest that IDE and RCAN1 differentially modulate brain insulin signaling in relation to AD severity and ApoE genotype.
“To Shave or Not to Shave”: Pubic Hair Removal and Its Association with Relational and Sexual Satisfaction in Women and Men
Authors: Enzlin Paul , Bollen Kaat , Prekatsounaki Sofia , Hidalgo Liesbeth , Aerts Leen , Deprest Jan 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Background
Pubic hair removal (PHR) is a widespread practice that entails certain health risks; however, there remains a lack of scientific information on the prevalence and antecedents of PHR, as well as on its association with sexual behavior and relational satisfaction.

Aims
To explore women’s and men’s attitudes regarding PHR and their PHR practices and the associations with demographic, relational, and sexual characteristics.

Methods
A total of 2,687 men and 1,735 women living in Flanders (the Northern part of Belgium) completed an online survey. Participants ranged in age from 15 to 60+ years; they self-identified as heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual and reported various relationship statuses.

Main Outcome Measures
Demographic items (ie, age, religion, partner relationship status), sexuality-related items (ie, sexual activity, sexual orientation, age at first intercourse, number of sexual partners), PHR items (ie, reasons, inclination to have or not have sex after PHR, perceived partner preferences, partner’s PHR), and relationship satisfaction, assessed with the Maudsley Marital Questionnaire.

Results
Fewer men (39.1%) than women (80.3%) reported (partially) removing their pubic hair. In both men and women, the practice was associated with age, sexual activity, relationship status, and partner’s PHR practice and expectations. In men, sexual and relationship satisfaction were correlated with their partner’s PHR practices and whether these were in line with the men’s expectations. In women, sexual and relationship satisfaction were mostly correlated with whether both partner’s expectations were met. Although both men and women reported that the reasons for PHR were related to their sexual experiences and to their partner’s preference, only women reported that PHR was a way to enhance feelings of femininity. Finally, the reasons for not engaging in PHR were related to partner preferences and side effects.

Conclusion
PHR is a widespread practice and seems strongly associated with personal, partner-related, sexual, and relational factors. Strategies to prevent men and women from being confronted with health risks should take all these factors into account.
Are There Differences in Brain Morphology in Patients with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation?
Authors: Atalay Hasan Anil , Sonkaya Ali Riza , Ozbir Sait , Culha Mehmet Gokhan , Degirmentepe Burak , Bayraktarli Recep , Canat Lutfi 
Published: May 2019

Abstract

Introduction
Even though lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) is highly prevalent, few studies have investigated the neural mechanisms underlying PE.

Aim
This study aimed to investigate whether patients with lifelong PE exhibit macrostructural or microstructural alterations of the parts of the brain involved in the male sexual response.

Materials and Methods
We enrolled 42 healthy participants and 54 lifelong PE patients. Lifelong PE was diagnosed according to the Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT). We compared measures of cortical morphology, such as volumes of gray matter, white matter, cerebellum volumes, and subcortical structures (ie, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, and thalamus) between the groups using a voxel-based morphometry method from whole-brain T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, we evaluated the relationships between the relevant cerebral alterations and the severity of symptoms obtained from participants via self-reported questionnaires.

Main Outcome Measures
Cerebral macrostructural and microstructural alterations were assessed in PE patients and controls, along with the correlation of caudate nucleus changes in PE patients with clinical data (including the PEDT and the IELT).

Results
The mean volume of the caudate nucleus was significantly larger in the lifelong PE patients compared with healthy controls (P = .048). Moreover, caudate nucleus volume was positively correlated with PEDT score (r = 0.621; P = .0179) and negatively correlated with the IELT (r = −0.592; P = .0101). However, cortex morphology and the other subcortical volumes were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P &gt; .05).

Clinical Implications
Microstructural alterations in deep gray matter nuclei might be a useful parameter for studying the mechanism of the neurobiology underlying PE.

Strengths and Limitations
There are few studies examining microstructural changes in PE patients. This study furthers our understanding of the etiology of PE. Limitations include the small sample, which limits our ability to make an absolute determination as to whether such subcortical changes are the cause or the consequence of lifelong PE.

Conclusions
We found a significant difference in caudate nucleus volume between patients with PE and healthy controls. In addition, the caudate nucleus volume was positively associated with the severity of PE symptoms. More extensive and possibly longitudinal studies are needed to improve our understanding of the mechanism of the neurobiology underlying PE.
Use of whole-genome sequencing to guide a Clostridioides difficile diagnostic stewardship program
Authors: Jakharia Kunal K. , Ilaiwy Ghassan , Moose Siobhan S. , Waga Masashi , Appalla Lakshmi , McAlduff Joel D. , Karanfil Lynne V. , McGann Patrick T. , Wortmann Glenn W. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing (WGS) has yielded new insights into the transmission patterns of healthcare facility-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (HO-CDI). WGS results prompted a focused diagnostic stewardship program, which was associated with a significant and sustained decrease in HO-CDI at large, urban hospital.
Intermittency in free vibration of a cylinder beyond the laminar regime
Authors: Navrose  , Mittal Sanjay 
Published: May 2019

Vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder that is free to move in the transverse ($Y$) and streamwise ($X$) directions is investigated at subcritical Reynolds numbers ($1500\lesssim Re\lesssim 9000$) via three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulations. The mass ratio of the system for all the simulations is $m^{\ast }=10$. It is observed that while some of the characteristics associated with the $XY$-oscillation are similar to those of the $Y$-only oscillation (in line with the observations made by Jauvtis & Williamson (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 509, 2004, pp. 23–62)), notable differences exist between the two systems with respect to the transition between the branches of the cylinder response in the lock-in regime. The flow regime between the initial and lower branch is characterized by intermittent switching in the cylinder response, aerodynamic coefficients and modes of vortex shedding. Similar to the regime of laminar flow, the system exhibits a hysteretic response near the lower- and higher-$Re$ end of the lock-in regime. The frequency spectrum of time history of the cylinder response shows that the most dominant frequency in the streamwise oscillation on the initial branch is the same as that of the transverse oscillation.
Semi-automated open water iceberg detection from Landsat applied to Disko Bay, West Greenland
Authors: SCHEICK JESSICA , ENDERLIN ELLYN M. , HAMILTON GORDON 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTChanges in Greenland's marine-terminating outlet glaciers have led to changes in the flux of icebergs into Greenland's coastal waters, yet icebergs remain a relatively understudied component of the ice-ocean system. We developed a simple iceberg delineation algorithm for Landsat imagery. A machine learning-based cloud mask incorporated into the algorithm enables us to extract iceberg size distributions from open water even in partially cloudy scenes. We applied the algorithm to the Landsat archive covering Disko Bay, West Greenland, to derive a time series of iceberg size distributions from 2000–02 and 2013–15. The time series captures a change in iceberg size distributions, which we interpret as a result of changes in the calving regime of the parent glacier, Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ). The change in calving style associated with the disintegration and disappearance of Sermeq Kujalleq's floating ice tongue resulted in the production of more small icebergs. The increased number of small icebergs resulted in increasingly negative power law slopes fit to iceberg size distributions in Disko Bay, suggesting that iceberg size distribution time series provide useful insights into changes in calving dynamics.
Organizing for Policy Innovation in Public Bureaucracy: AIDS, Energy and Environmental Policy in Canada
Authors: Desveaux James A. , Lindquist Evert A. , Toner Glen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGovernments often operate under considerable pressure to respond effectively to the emergence of increasingly complex policy dilemmas. This article first explains some key difficulties in bringing forth comprehensive policy interventions. Despite the ubiquity of social and political constraints to policy innovation, many failures can be attributed to public bureaucracies that are not designed to deal with complex problems, and which all too quickly exceed their policy-making capacities. This study then analyzes why comprehensive policy-making does sometimes occur, and links its occurrence to bureaucratic design factors, arguing that extending organizational capacity for innovation involves more than generous budgets and expertise. The article draws upon, and develops further, Mintzberg's ideas on administrative adhocracy to show how administrative units can be organized to enable bureaucracies to transcend professional compartmentalization and routine; and how structures can be designed for comprehensive policy innovation. The study focuses on Canadian federal bureaucracy, and it is supported by three case studies of recent policy experiments: energy, environment and AIDS.
Welfare Institutions and Foreign Aid: Domestic Foundations of Canadian Foreign Policy
Authors: Thérien Jean-Philippe , Noël Alain 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between Canada's development assistance policy and its welfare state institutions. Through an analysis of the Canadian experience, the article argues that the differences between the social policies of developed countries help to understand the nature of their participation in the international aid regime. Although this hypothesis is not entirely new, it is here refined with the help of the comparative literature on the welfare state, and assessed systematically for Canada. Through this case study, the article explores the extent to which values and principles institutionalized at the domestic level influence foreign policy and the international order.
Potential distribution of and priority conservation areas for the Endangered Caatinga howler monkeyAlouatta ululatain north-eastern Brazil
Authors: Freire Filho Robério , Palmeirim Jorge M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Caatinga of north-eastern Brazil is the largest and most diverse seasonally dry tropical forest in the Americas and is home to numerous endemic species. However, only 1.2% of the area is under full protection, and given the ongoing decline of this biome there is an urgent need to expand the protected area network. The Endangered Caatinga howler monkeyAlouatta ululatais almost endemic to the Caatinga, and is a potential umbrella species for the protection of its biodiversity. Using all available distribution data and our own surveys we appliedMaxentandZonationspatial modelling to identify the range ofA. ululata, and priority conservation areas for the species, maximizing habitat quality and connectivity, and minimizing conservation constraints. The top 10% priority areas cover 34,400 km2and mostly coincide with good remnants of Caatinga. Only priority areas in the northern part of the species’ range are protected, so it is essential to create new protected areas in the centre and south of the range.Maxentmodelling indicates that the species depends on good tree cover, but even inside protected areas we observed recent deforestation, illustrating the urgency to improve management.Maxentalso indicated that aridity limits the species' range, and therefore the ongoing aridification of the Caatinga is a threat to its future. The protection ofA. ululatarequires establishing new protected areas in priority locations and improving management of existing protected areas. Preservation of priority areas for the Caatinga howler monkey also represents an opportunity for the conservation of other important biodiversity in the region.
LOBBYING, SCAMBIO E DEFINIZIONE DEGLI INTERESSI. RIFLESSIONI SUL CASO AMERICANO
Authors: Graziano Gigi 
Published: May 2019

IntroduzioneL'uso del concetto di scambio come categoria entro la quale sussumere l'attività di lobbying evidenzia un paradosso familiare agli studiosi della politica americana. Da un lato, nelle sue caratteristiche dominanti la politica americana è per larga parte null'altro che scambio. Il ben noto aforisma di Tip O'Neill (1987), per molti anni Speaker della Camera dei Rappresentanti (1977-1986), secondo il quale «tutta la politica è locale», sottende una nozione nella quale l'ideologia è praticamente assente e gli interessi particolaristici del tutto dominanti. D'altro canto, non conosco formula che offenderebbe di più operatori e attori del sistema, che la riterrebbero un grossolano travisamento della natura e significato del gioco. Nella misura in cui lobbying è scambio, sarebbero più portati a definirlo come «scambio di informazioni e idee fra Governo e parti private» (CRS Report 1991, 1), capace di infondere nelle politiche pubbliche expertise e consapevole realismo.
Appendix VI: Report on the Examination and Analysis of a Group of Copper Alloy Fragments and other Material from Sarn-Y-Bryn-Caled, Powys
Authors: Hook Ornean 
Published: May 2019

Ten amorphous copper alloy fragments from Sam-y-bryn-caled, Powys, were submitted to the Department of Scientific Research for analysis. They were analysed qualitatively using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to identify the major and trace elements. Three of the larger fragments were alto analysed quantitatively using inductively-coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP), allowing their compositions to be compared with other analyses of bronze age mctalwork (e.g. Northover, 1980).In additionna number of clay/daub fragments ant i possible piece of slag from the upper levels of the central pit were analysed to try and determine whether they were connected with metalworking.
The Geology of the Area
Authors: Conway B W 
Published: May 2019

Mr B W Conway of the Institute of Geological Sciences has kindly made the
following comments on the geology of the site:“The causewayed enclosure is sited on the eroded terminal surface of the
gravel train of the Upper Floor Plain Terrace at the junction of the Coinè
and Thames river valleys (see OS 6 inch geological maps Buckinghamshire 56
SE, 58 NE and Middlesex 19 NE and SE (and Fig 2)). The late Professor Zeuner
traced the profile of this terrace and claimed that it grades into the Late
Monasirian sea level (7.5 metres) of the latter part of the last
interglacial. The Coinè valley Flood Plain joins that of the Thames at
Wraysbury and projects into the Thames as a distinct, slightly raised,
delta. This delta was formed by the piling up of aggradation by the Coinè
beyond the capacity of the Thames to remove it. The presence of this delta
was the cause of the breaking up of the Coinè into a series of distributory
channels: mainly those of the River Coinè, the Coinè Brook and Wyrardisbury
River. These in turn eroded the Cclne delta and the Flood Plain gravel
train. Erosion by the several distributory channels left slightly elevated
gravel ridges between their valleys and clays, peats, and silts accumulated
in these valleys. The eroded remnants of the delta and the Flood Plain
Terrace appear as low “islands” of gravel between marshy stream valleys. The
Staines causewayed enclosure is sited on the southern tip of the largest of
these islands, which is approximately 4km long, has an average width of
about 0.4km, and an area of approximately 182.lha.”
The Samian Pottery
Authors: Pengelly Hedley 
Published: May 2019

The Samian pottery (51 sherds) was found in the Interior of the Enclosure,
and is of first and second century date. I am grateful to Mr B R Hartley for
discussing certain of the sherds with me.The provenance of the ware was as follows:- South Gaulish, 8 sherds; Central
Gaulish, 42 sherds; East Gaulish, 1 sherd:
The plant remains
Authors: Veen Marijke van der 
Published: May 2019

The absence of earth-filled structural features
or easily identifiable graves precluded any
systematic sampling programme for environmental
evidence. However, two samples for the analysis of
carbonised plant remains were collected from each
of the two insitu inhumations (SF55 and
SF73). The samples consisted of the sediment
associated with the burials which included the
matrix of the overlying cairn (context 002), and
were processed using manual flotation into an 0.5
mm mesh sieve. The sample sizes and results are
given in Table 1.The evidence was minimal: only three fragments
were found, none of which could be adequately
identified. In sample 1, one grass seed was found,
but it was badly preserved and could not be
identified to genus. In sample 2, one cereal grain
was found, again too badly preserved to
distinguish it as either wheat or barley. The
Polygonumsp. seed from sample 4
again is too fragmented to allow an identification
to species level.
Examination of Technological Material from Hog Cliff Hill, Maiden Newton, Dorset
Authors: Wilthew Paul 
Published: May 2019

1) Soil samplesAM600732 (E quadrant IV)No evidence for any industrial activity was found on examining the five samples. A small number of red particles were present in sample 2, the latest fill of pit E2 (phase 4), and these were analysed using powder x-ray diffraction (X.R.D.). Only quartz was detected which was presumably form the soil which contained sand. If haematite (∝-Fe 2O3) was present it was at too low a concentration to be detected (less than about 5%) even after selective sampling of the particles which appeared most likely to contain it. No other evidence of industrial activity, such as hammer scale, was found in any of the samples, although a few fragments of charcoal were present in sample 1, the fill of post hole E36 (phase 4).
Wood charcoals and other plant remains from Llwyn Bryn-dinas
Authors: Fitt Jane 
Published: May 2019

This limited study was principally concerned with the identification of wood charcoal from the metal-working floor and bowl-hearths, in order to identify the timber species exploited for fuel in the metal-working process, although other charred plant remains present in the samples were also identified.Samples from site had previously been treated to extract the charred material and separate the cereal and weed seed remains from the charcoal present.2 A sample of plant remains taken from the sealed soil profile (38) beneath the rampart was also examined; it contained small-seeded legume species, cuscuta, grass rhizomes and fungal sclerotia and cleistothecia, which might be found in any soil.Identification of a piece of wood charcoal requires its fracture in three planes (Leney and Casteel 1975). The fragments thus obtained were examined under an epi-illuminating microscope and identified by comparison with modern charred reference material and an atlas of wood anatomy (Schweingruber 1982). The minimum size of charcoal piece from which the three planes of fracture could be obtained was relatively large, so that many of the pieces in the samples were too small to be analysed. All samples contained at least twenty identifiable pieces, however, mainly of twig or branch wood.
Balneaves: Pollen
Authors: Tipping Richard 
Published: May 2019

Purpose of the examinationThe identification of distinctive suites of pollen types within the cist floor at Loanleven and several other Bronze Age ‘cemeteries’ in Scotland (see Loanleven report below) led to the need to investigate the possibility of similar patterns within the Balneaves complex.Samples from the basal and most securely stratified fills of five of the pits at Balneaves were examined (F1110A; Pit 3: F1109C and E from Pit 6: F1107A; Pit7: F1114B; Pit 13: F1115A; Pit 14) together with the blackened encrustations from within Urns 1 and 3 (see ‘The Pottery’; Alison Sheridan) were prepared according to conventional chemical techniques (cf. Moore and Webb 1978), including the use of 10|im nylon sieves and hydrofluoric acid to remove siliceous particles, stained with safranin, and examined at mag. x400 on an Olympus BHS microscope.