bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Dose Human Milk Feedings Decrease Oxidative Stress in Premature Infant
Authors: Chen Yimin , Fantuzzi Giamila , Schoeny Michael , Meier Paula , Patel Aloka L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundPremature infants are susceptible to oxidative stress, increasing the risk for serious morbidities. High‐dose human milk (HM) feedings decrease morbidity risks and may reduce oxidative stress in this population. The purpose of this study was to compare oxidative stress using serial urinary F2‐isoprostane concentrations in predominantly HM and preterm formula (PF)–fed premature infants over the first 21 days of life (DOL), while controlling for perinatal oxidative stress exposures including bovine‐based human milk fortifier (HMF) or PF introduction to predominantly HM‐fed infants.MethodsThis was a quasi‐experimental design that categorized 22 premature infants into mutually exclusive comparison groups based on exposure to HM and PF. Serial urine samples (before and after first feeding, and DOL 7, 14, and 21) were used to determine urine F2‐isoprostane concentrations measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. We analyzed data using Mann‐Whitney U test, Wilcoxon rank test, and multilevel models.ResultsComparing the predominantly HM‐fed and predominantly PF‐fed groups over time, median F2‐isoprostane concentrations decreased significantly in the predominantly HM group (P = .003) and increased significantly in the predominantly PF group (P = .01). Perinatal oxidant exposures and the introduction of HMF did not affect results.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that predominantly HM feedings were associated with decreased oxidative stress, whereas PF feedings increased oxidative stress in premature infants, even after controlling for perinatal oxidant exposures of HMF or PF introduction.
The contribution of various organic matter fractions to soil–water interactions and structural stability of an agriculturally cultivated soil
Authors: Buchmann Christian , Schaumann Gabriele E. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe presence and mutual interactions of soil organic matter (SOM) and clay particles are major factors determining soil structural stability. In the scope of agricultural management and environmental sustainability, it remains unclear how various mineral and organic matter (OM) fractions, OM–clay interactions and swelling processes in the interparticle space determine soil–water interactions and thus soil structural stability. To investigate this issue, we isolated the mineral and OM fractions of an agriculturally cultivated silty loam soil by soil density fractionation and assessed their hydration characteristics and effects on soil structural stability combining 1H‐NMR relaxometry, soil rheology and single wet‐sieving of soil aggregates. The results showed that agricultural management practices, in particular compost and ploughing, as well as various OM–clay interactions significantly affected soil–water interactions and soil structural stability. On the one hand, ploughing reduced soil structural stability by promoting clay swelling as a result of disrupted soil structures and reduced SOM content. On the other hand, compost treatment and reduced tillage increased soil structural stability. In all cases, soil density fractionation showed that compost‐derived particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM) restricted clay swelling and resulted in a highly porous and mechanically stable soil matrix. In particular, POM increased soil structural stability by acting as nucleus for soil aggregation and by restricting clay swelling via its presence as solid, granular interparticulate material. In contrast, MAOM seemed to restrict clay swelling via clay surface covering and the formation of viscous interparticulate hydrogel structures.
InvasiveSpartinastrengthens soil resilience in wetlands of the east‐central China coast
Authors: Yang Ren‐Min , Guo Wen‐Wen 
Published: May 2018

AbstractIntroducing nonnative species as a restoration strategy has been widely implemented to rehabilitate coastal ecosystems. Nonnative species becomes an important factor influencing soil physicochemical patterns. Although these effects have been explored individually, the comprehensive examination of soil physicochemical attributes that indicate possible processes of coastal soil resilience or degradation induced by nonnative species has been less emphasized. To expand such understanding, we used a space‐for‐time substitution methodology to capture characteristics of soil physicochemical attributes and plant productivity in space and time, and further, we used a structural equation model (SEM) to evaluate a set of hypotheses about positive effects of plant invasion (Spartina alterniflora) on soil resilience in terms of soil degradation processes (fertility, salinization, acidification, alkalization, structure, and erosion) in the east‐central China coast. SEM analyses revealed 3 aspects of soil degradation that appear to be improved by the exoticS. alterniflora: (a) fertility, (b) desalinization, and (c) erosion resistance. SEM also presented that soil alkalization had occurred with the invasion, indicating the possible decreased capacity of soil against degradation. Although soil became more alkaline, these findings highlight that in the absence of native species, the nonnative species has an overall positive effect on soil resilience against degradation. The connections between nonnative species and soil degradation observed in SEM verified the hypothesized causal relationship, suggesting the significant role nonnative species plays in maintaining soil resilience in regions without native species.
Densely defined non‐closable curl on carpet‐like metric measure spaces
Authors: Hinz Michael , Teplyaev Alexander 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe paper deals with the possibly degenerate behaviour of the exterior derivative operator defined on 1‐forms on metric measure spaces. The main examples we consider are the non self‐similar Sierpinski carpets recently introduced by Mackay, Tyson and Wildrick. Although topologically one‐dimensional, they may have positive two‐dimensional Lebesgue measure and carry nontrivial 2‐forms. We prove that in this case the curl operator (and therefore also the exterior derivative on 1‐forms) is not closable, and that its adjoint operator has a trivial domain. We also formulate a similar more abstract result. It states that for spaces that are, in a certain way, structurally similar to Sierpinski carpets, the exterior derivative operator taking 1‐forms into 2‐forms cannot be closable if the martingale dimension is larger than one.
Technical Note: Using dual step wedge and 2D scintillator to achieve highly precise and robust proton range quality assurance
Authors: Deng Wei , Liu Wei , Robertson Daniel G. , Bues Martin , Sio Terence T. , Keole Sameer R. , Shen Jiajian 
Published: May 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to develop a fast method for proton range quality assurance (QA) using a dual step wedge and two‐dimensional (2D) scintillator and to evaluate the robustness, sensitivity, and long‐term reproducibility of this method.MethodsAn in‐house customized dual step wedge and a 2D scintillator were developed to measure proton ranges. Proton beams with homogenous fluence were delivered through wedge, and the images captured by the scintillator were used to calculate the proton ranges by a simple trigonometric method. The range measurements of 97 energies, comprising all clinically available synchrotron energies at our facility (ranges varying from 4 to 32 cm) were repeated ten times in all four gantry rooms for range baseline values. They were then used for evaluating room‐to‐room range consistencies. The robustness to setup uncertainty was evaluated by measuring ranges with ±2 mm setup deviations in the x, y, and z directions. The long‐term reproducibility was evaluated by 1 month of daily range measurements by this method.ResultsRanges of all 97 energies were measured in less than 10 minutes including setup time. The reproducibility in a single day and daily over 1 month is within 0.1 and 0.15 mm, respectively. The method was very robust to setup uncertainty, with measured range consistencies within 0.15 mm for ±2 mm couch shifts. The method was also sensitive enough for validating range consistencies among gantry rooms and for detecting small range variations.ConclusionsThe new method of using a dual step wedge and scintillator for proton range QA was efficient, highly reproducible, and robust. This method of proton range QA was highly feasible and appealing from a workflow point of view.
Imaging Mass Spectrometry for Characterization of Atrial Fibrillation Subtypes
Authors: Klein Oliver , Hanke Thorsten , Nebrich Grit , Yan Junfeng , Schubert Benedikt , Giavalisco Patrick , Noack Frank , Thiele Herbert , Mohamed Salah A. 
Published: May 2018

PurposeAtrial fibrillation (AF) is a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by a rapid and irregular heart rhythm. AF types, paroxysmal (PX), persistent (PE), and long‐lasting persistent (LSP), require differences in clinical management. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of AF patients are clinically misclassified. Therefore, the aim of this study is to prove that MALDI‐Imaging (IMS) is valuable as a diagnostic aid in AF subtypes’ assessment.Experimental designPatients are clinically classified according to the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. FFPE tissue specimens from PE, PX, and LSP subtypes are analyzed by MALDI‐IMS and evaluated by multi‐statistical testing. Proteins are subsequently identified using LC‐MS/MS and findings are confirmed by immunohistochemistry and through the determination of potential fibrosis via histopathology.ResultDetermined that characteristic peptide signatures and peptide values facilitate to distinguish between PE, PX, and LSP arterial fibrillation subtypes. In particular, peptide values from alpha 1 type I collagen (CO1A1) are identified that are significantly higher in LSP and PE tissues but not in PX myocardial AF tissue. These findings are confirmed by immunohistochemistry and through the determination of potential fibrosis via histopathology.Conclusion and relevanceThese results represent an improvement in AF risk stratification by using MALDI‐IMS as a promising approach for AF tissue assessment.
Peptidome Analysis Reveals Novel Serum Biomarkers for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in China
Authors: Yang Juan , Chen Yanni , Xiong Xiaofan , Zhou Xiaobo , Han Lin , Ni Lei , Wang Wenjing , Wang Xiaofei , Zhao Lingyu , Shao Dongdong , Huang Chen 
Published: May 2018

PurposeAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that begins early in childhood and lasts throughout one's life. Early diagnosis is essential for ASD since early treatment can enable children with ASD to make significant gains in language and social skills, but remains challenging since there are currently no specific biomarkers of ASD. This study is aimed to identify serum biomarkers for ASD.Experimental designSerum of Han Chinese children with ASD (n = 68) and age‐matched healthy controls (n = 80) is analyzed using magnetic bead–based separation combined with mass spectrum.ResultsEight potential ASD serum biomarker peaks (m/z: 3886.69, 7775.12, 2381.71, 6638.63, 3319.17, 894.34, 4968.59, and 5910.53) with higher expression in ASD group are further identified as peptide regions of plasma serine protease inhibitor precursor (SERPINA5), platelet factor 4 (PF4), fatty acid binding protein 1(FABP1), apolipoprotein C‐I precursor (APOC1), alpha‐fetoprotein precursor (AFP), carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2), trace amine‐associated receptor 6 (TAAR6), and isoform1 of fibrinogen alpha chain precursor (FGA). The expression of identified proteins is validated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Conclusions and medical relevanceThese findings reveal the exceptional disease etiology of ASD from a serum proteomic perspective, and the identified proteins might be potential biomarkers for ASD diagnosis.
Effect of flow on ATP/ADP concentration at the endothelial cell surface: interplay between shear stress and mass transport
Authors: Di Costanzo Ezio , Barakat Abdul I. , Pontrelli Giuseppe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe nucleotides ATP and ADP regulate many aspects of endothelial cell (EC) biology, including intracellular calcium concentrations, focal adhesion activation, cytoskeletal organization, and cellular motility. In vivo, ECs are constantly under flow, and the concentration of ATP/ADP on the EC surface is determined by the combined effects of nucleotide convective and diffusive transport as well as hydrolysis by ectonucleotidases on the EC surface. In addition, experiments have demonstrated that flow induces ATP release from the cells. Previous computational models have incorporated the above effects and thus described nucleotide concentration at the EC surface. However, it remains unclear what physical processes are responsible for nucleotide regulation. While some EC responses to flow have been shown to be directly driven by shear stress, others appear to also involve a non‐negligible contribution of transport. In the present work, we develop a mathematical model and perform numerical simulations to investigate the relative contributions of shear stress and transport to nucleotide concentration at the EC surface. Because in vitro experiments are performed by using confluent cells in some cases and subconfluent cells in other cases, we also investigate the effect of cell density on the results. The outcomes of the simulations demonstrate a complex interplay between shear stress and transport such that transport has a significant contribution at certain shear stress values but not at others. The effect of transport on nucleotide concentration increases with cell density. The present findings enhance our understanding of the mechanisms that govern the regulation at the EC surface under flow. The implications of these findings for downstream responses such as cellular motility merit future investigation.
Delayed school start time is associated with better sleep, daytime functioning, and life satisfaction in residential high‐school students☆
Authors: Chan Christian S. , Poon Cyanea Y.S. , Leung Jacklyn C.Y. , Lau Kristy N.T. , Lau Esther Y.Y. 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTThe effects of a delayed school start time by one hour were examined at a boarding school in Hong Kong. Two cohorts of high school students (N = 228; 61.8% female) were recruited respectively before and after a school start time changed from 7:30am to 8:30am. Both cross‐cohort and within‐cohort longitudinal comparisons yielded significant increase in total sleep time. Cross‐cohort comparison yielded improvement in sleep quality, insomnia, life satisfaction, and psychological distress. Longitudinal data suggested that the longer the additional sleep time, the better was sleep quality, day‐time functioning, and subjective wellbeing.
A Western dietary pattern is prospectively associated with cardio-metabolic traits and incidence of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Drake Isabel , Sonestedt Emily , Ericson Ulrika , Wallström Peter , Orho-Melander Marju 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to derive dietary patterns associated with cardio-metabolic traits and to examine whether these predict prospective changes in these traits and incidence of the metabolic syndrome (iMetS). Subjects from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cardiovascular cohort without cardio-metabolic disease and related drug treatments at baseline (n 4071; aged 45–67 years, 40 % men) were included. We applied reduced rank regression on thirty-eight foods to derive patterns that explain variation in response variables measured at baseline (waist circumference, TAG, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin). Patterns were examined in relation to change in cardio-metabolic traits and iMetS in subjects who were re-examined after 16·7 years (n 2704). Two dietary patterns (‘Western’ and ‘Drinker’) were retained and explained 3·2 % of the variation in response variables. The ‘Western’ dietary pattern was inversely associated with HDL-cholesterol and positively with all other response variables (both at baseline and follow-up), but there was no association with LDL at follow-up. After adjustment for potential confounders, the ‘Western’ dietary pattern was associated with higher risk of iMetS (hazard ratio Q4 v. Q1: 1·47; 95 % CI 1·23, 1·77; Ptrend=1·5×10−5). The ‘Drinker’ dietary pattern primarily explained variation in HDL and was not associated with iMetS. In conclusion, this study supports current food-based dietary guidelines suggesting that a ‘Western’ dietary pattern with high intakes of sugar-sweetened beverages and red and processed meats and low intakes of wine, cheese, vegetables and high-fibre foods is associated with detrimental effects on cardio-metabolic health.
Status of terrestrial mammals at the Kafue–Zambezi interface: implications for transboundary connectivity
Authors: Lines Robin , Tzanopoulos Joseph , MacMillan Douglas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area Programme promotes landscape-level connectivity between clusters of wildlife management areas in five neighbouring countries. However, declining regional biodiversity can undermine efforts to maintain, expand and link wildlife populations. Narratives promoting species connectivity should thus be founded on studies of system and state changes in key resources. By integrating and augmenting multiple data sources throughout eight wildlife management areas, covering 1.7 million ha, we report changes during 1978–2015 in the occurrence and distribution of 31 mammal species throughout a landscape linking the Greater Kafue System to adjacent wildlife management areas in Namibia and Botswana. Results indicate species diversity is largely unchanged in Kafue National Park and Mulobezi and Sichifulo Game Management Areas. However, 100% of large carnivore and 64% of prey diversity have been lost in the Simalaha areas, and there is no evidence of migrational behaviour or species recolonization from adjacent wildlife areas. Although temporal sampling scales influence the definition of species occupancy and distribution, and data cannot elucidate population size or trends, our findings indicate an emerging connectivity bottleneck within Simalaha. Evidence suggests that at current disturbance levels the Greater Kafue System, Zambia's majority component in the Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area, is becoming increasingly isolated at the trophic scale of large mammals. Further investigations of the site-specific, interacting drivers influencing wildlife distribution and occurrence are required to inform appropriate conservation interventions for wildlife recovery in key areas identified to promote transboundary connectivity in the Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area.
Everyday discrimination in the neighbourhood: what a ‘doing’ perspective on age and ethnicity can offer
Authors: WANKA ANNA , WIESBÖCK LAURA , ALLEX BRIGITTE , MAYRHUBER ELISABETH ANNE-SOPHIE , ARNBERGER ARNE , EDER RENATE , KUTALEK RUTH , WALLNER PETER , HUTTER HANS-PETER , KOLLAND FRANZ 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTDespite the fact that urbanisation, population ageing and international migration constitute major societal developments of our time, little attention has been paid to studying them together in a comprehensive manner. In this paper, we argue that, when treating age and ethnicity as practical processes for addressing and identifying with social groups, it is necessary to do so from a ‘doing’ perspective. The question we ask focuses on which social memberships are made relevant or irrelevant in residential environments and how that relevance or irrelevance is established. Drawing upon a quantitative study among individuals of Turkish migrant origin living in Vienna, Austria, we find that it is rather common for the respondents to have been assigned to multiple intersecting social groups and that they were treated unfairly in their own neighbourhoods. However, such ascriptions do not necessarily correspond to objective categorisations of research or subjective identifications. Hence, the discrimination that is present in a neighbourhood does not necessarily lead to decreased place attachment or a diminishing sense of home. In fact, we find that the ‘satisfaction paradox’ is quite common in environmental gerontology and that it may actually intersect with the ‘immigration paradox’. Applying processual intersectionality is not only fruitful for research, it can also improve the conceptualisation of age-friendly cities.
Who Supports Syrians? The Relative Importance of Religion, Partisanship, and Partisan News
Authors: Newman Brian 
Published: May 2018

ABSTRACTWho supports allowing Syrian refugees into the United States? As a candidate, Donald Trump clearly opposed doing so. In contrast, religious leaders across the broad spectrum of religious traditions in the United States have drawn on sacred texts to call their people to action in response to the Syrian refugee crisis. Many explicitly ask the government to resettle Syrian refugees in the United States. Thus, many Republicans may have experienced cross-cutting pressures. Analyses of three surveys from 2015 and 2016 found that party identification, ideology, support for Trump, partisan-news consumption, religious-service attendance, age, and education predicted support for bringing Syrian refugees to the United States. Overall, the partisan and ideological variables were far more predictive of attitudes than religious variables. These results raise important questions about refugee politics and contexts in which religious forces conflict with partisan and ideological forces.
Low‐Level Jets Over the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea: Climatology, Variability, and the Relationship With Regional Atmospheric Circulations
Authors: Li Delei , von Storch Hans , Yin Baoshu , Xu Zhenhua , Qi Jifeng , Wei Wei , Guo Donglin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe present study reveals climate features of low‐level jets (LLJs) over the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea (BYS) based on a 35‐year (1979–2013) high‐resolution (7 km) atmospheric hindcast. The regional climate model COSMO‐CLM driven by the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data set was used to obtain the hindcast. Through comparison with observations, the hindcast was proved to robustly reproduce the climatology, the diurnal cycle, the variability of wind profiles, and specific LLJ cases. LLJs over the BYS feature a strong diurnal cycle, intra‐annual, and interannual variability but weak decadal variability. LLJs are more frequent in April, May, and June (LLJ season) and less frequent in winter over the Bohai Sea and western coastal areas of the Yellow Sea, which is due to the intra‐annual variations of large‐scale circulation and local land‐sea thermal contrast. In the LLJ season, the heights of jet cores are generally lower than 500 m above sea level. The maximum wind speed of LLJs is mostly in the range of 10–16 m/s, and prevailing wind directions are southerly and southwesterly. The LLJs are of the nocturnal type, with the highest occurrence frequency at approximately 2300 local time. Furthermore, a low‐frequency link between anomalies of LLJ occurrence and regional large‐scale barotropic circulation was identified using canonical correlation analysis and associated correlation patterns. Pressure systems over the East Asia‐northwest Pacific region are significantly correlated with the variations of LLJ occurrence over the BYS in terms of the intra‐annual and interannual variability.