bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Killer whale genomes reveal a complex history of recurrent admixture and vicariance
Authors: Foote Andrew D. , Martin Michael D. , Louis Marie , Pacheco George , Robertson Kelly M. , Sinding Mikkel‐Holger S. , Amaral Ana R. , Baird Robin W. , Baker Charles Scott , Ballance Lisa , Barlow Jay , Brownlow Andrew , Collins Tim , Constantine Rochelle , Dabin Willy , Dalla Rosa Luciano , Davison Nicholas J. , Durban John W. , Esteban Ruth , Ferguson Steven H. , Gerrodette Tim , Guinet Christophe , Hanson M. Bradley , Hoggard Wayne , Matthews Cory J. D. , Samarra Filipa I. P. , de Stephanis Renaud , Tavares Sara B. , Tixier Paul , Totterdell John A. , Wade Paul , Excoffier Laurent , Gilbert M. Thomas P. , Wolf Jochen B. W. , Morin Phillip A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReconstruction of the demographic and evolutionary history of populations assuming a consensus tree‐like relationship can mask more complex scenarios, which are prevalent in nature. An emerging genomic toolset, which has been most comprehensively harnessed in the reconstruction of human evolutionary history, enables molecular ecologists to elucidate complex population histories. Killer whales have limited extrinsic barriers to dispersal and have radiated globally, and are therefore a good candidate model for the application of such tools. Here, we analyse a global data set of killer whale genomes in a rare attempt to elucidate global population structure in a nonhuman species. We identify a pattern of genetic homogenisation at lower latitudes and the greatest differentiation at high latitudes, even between currently sympatric lineages. The processes underlying the major axis of structure include high drift at the edge of species' range, likely associated with founder effects and allelic surfing during postglacial range expansion. Divergence between Antarctic and non‐Antarctic lineages is further driven by ancestry segments with up to four‐fold older coalescence time than the genome‐wide average; relicts of a previous vicariance during an earlier glacial cycle. Our study further underpins that episodic gene flow is ubiquitous in natural populations, and can occur across great distances and after substantial periods of isolation between populations. Thus, understanding the evolutionary history of a species requires comprehensive geographic sampling and genome‐wide data to sample the variation in ancestry within individuals.
Pharyngeal contractile and regulatory characteristics are distinct during nutritive oral stimulus in preterm‐born infants: Implications for clinical and research applications
Authors: Prabhakar Varsha , Hasenstab Kathryn A. , Osborn Erika , Wei Lai , Jadcherla Sudarshan R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundMaturation of pharyngeal swallowing during neonatal oral feeding is unknown. Our objective was to evaluate pharyngeal functioning using high‐resolution manometry (HRM) during nutritive oral stimulus and test the hypothesis that pharyngeal contractility and regulation are distinct in preterm‐born infants.MethodsHigh‐resolution manometry data during oral milk feeding were analyzed for pharyngeal contractile (PhCI, mm Hg cm s) and regulatory (number and frequency of pharyngeal contractions and bursts, pharyngeal activity‐to‐quiescence ratio, upper esophageal sphincter nadir pressure) characteristics in 23 preterm (<38 weeks’ gestation) and 18 full‐term‐born infants at term maturation. Mixed linear models and stepwise regression methods were used.ResultsDespite more oral feeding experiences (P < 0.05), preterm infants (vs full‐term), consumed less milk volume (P < 0.001), had lesser pharyngeal contractions within bursts (P = 0.04), lower pharyngeal contraction frequency (P < 0.01), and lower pharyngeal activity (P = 0.03), but higher PhCI per individual contraction (P = 0.01). PhCI is higher for longer PMA (P < 0.05), higher UES nadir pressures (P < 0.05), and lower pharyngeal contraction frequency (P < 0.05).ConclusionsNutritive oral milk stimulus provoked pharyngeal contractility characteristics is distinct in preterm‐born. Despite more oral nutritive experiences, preterm infants had underdeveloped excitatory and inhibitory rhythmic activity. Cranial nerve IX and X effects on sensory‐motor responses and feedback (excitation‐inhibitory rhythm regulation) remain immature among preterm‐born even at full‐term maturational status. We speculate the relationship between PhCI and UES regulatory activity contributes to the observed differences in preterm and full‐term infants.
MSX1 gene polymorphisms and non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without palate (NSCL/P): A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tasanarong Parinda , Pabalan Noel , Tharabenjasin Phuntila , Jarjanazi Hamdi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveNon‐syndromic cleft lip, with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), is a common craniofacial birth defect, the risk of which is influenced from multiple genetic loci. Association study outcomes between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the muscle segment homeobox gene 1 (MSX1) and NSCL/P have been inconsistent. This compels a meta‐analysis to obtain more precise estimates.MethodsFrom 15 publications, we examined 12 SNPs under six groups (SG), based on linkage disequilibrium. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated under the standard genetic models. The pooled effects were subjected to subgroup, outlier, sensitivity, and funnel plot (publication bias) analyses.ResultsThree of the six SGs showed significant associations. SG1 and SG4 effects indicated reduced risks. SG1 outcomes were attributed to outlier treatment, which the Asian outcomes validated. In contrast, increased risks were observed in SG3. All these significant outcomes were deemed robust by sensitivity analysis with no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionsOur study shows eight MSX1 SNPs associated with risk of NSCL/P. SG1 and SG4 carriers are protected (up to 23%), but SG3 carriers are 1.3‐fold susceptible. Outlier treatment unmasked the significant associations in SG1. Non‐heterogeneity and robustness helped elevate the level of evidence in our significant findings.
Bilateral anterior elevation prosthesis boosts chondrocytes proliferation in mice mandibular condyle
Authors: Liu Qian , Yang Hong‐xu , Duan Jing , Zhang Hong‐yun , Xie Mian‐jiao , Ren Hao‐tian , Zhang Mian , Zhang Jing , Lu Lei , Liu Xiao‐dong , Yu Shi‐bin , Wang Mei‐qing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to develop a mouse model predominating in a proliferative response in the articular cartilage of the temporomandibular joints.Materials and MethodsBilateral anterior elevation of occlusion was developed by installing metal tubes onto the incisors of mice with edge‐to‐edge relation to prevent tooth wear, leading to an increase in the vertical height of the dental occlusion with time. Morphological changes and expression changes in Cyclin D1, Aggrecan, and type II and type X collagen in the mandibular condylar cartilage were detected. In addition, cells were isolated from the mandibular condylar cartilage and exposed to cyclic tensile strain (CTS).ResultsCompared with age‐matched controls, the tooth length was longer at 3 weeks, 7 weeks, and 11 weeks in BAE mice (p < 0.05), with increased condylar cartilage thickness, matrix amount, and cell number (p < 0.05). Compared with the deep zone cells, CTS stimulated the superficial zone cells to express a higher level of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, Cyclin D1, Aggrecan, and type II collagen but a lower level of type X collagen and alkaline phosphatase.ConclusionBilateral anterior elevation stimulated the proliferative response in the mandibular condylar cartilage, offering a new therapeutic strategy for cartilage degeneration.
Resting metabolic rate in migratory and non‐migratory geese following range expansion: go south, go low
Authors: Eichhorn Götz , Enstipp Manfred R. , Georges Jean‐Yves , Hasselquist Dennis , Nolet Bart A. 
Published: May 2019

While many species suffer from human activities, some like geese benefit and may show range expansions. In some cases geese (partially) gave up migration and started breeding at wintering and stopover grounds. Range expansion may be facilitated and accompanied by physiological changes, especially when associated with changes in migratory behaviour. Interspecific comparisons found that migratory tendency is associated with a higher basal or resting metabolic rate (RMR). We compared RMR of individuals belonging to a migratory and a sedentary colony of barnacle geeseBranta leucopsis. The migratory colony is situated in the traditional arctic breeding grounds (Russia), whereas the sedentary colony has recently been established in the now shared wintering area (the Netherlands). We measured RMR by oxygen consumption () during two ontogenetic phases (juvenile growth and adult wing moult). We also investigated juvenile growth rates and adult body mass dynamics.Mass‐independentwas 13.6% lower in goslings from the sedentary colony than in goslings from the migratory colony. Similarly, in adult geese, mass‐independentwas 15.5% lower in sedentary than in migratory conspecifics. Goslings in the Netherlands grew 36.2% slower than goslings in Russia, while we found no differences in body dimensions in adults. Adult geese from both colonies commenced wing moult with similar body stores, but whereas Russian barnacle geese maintained this level throughout moult, body stores in geese from the Netherlands fell, being 8.5% lower half‐way through the moult.We propose that the colony differences in resting metabolic rate, growth rate and body mass dynamics during moult can be explained by environmental and behavioural differences. The less stringent time constraints combined with poorer foraging opportunities allow for a smaller ‘metabolic machinery’ in non‐migratory geese. Our analysis suggests that range expansion may be associated with changes in physiology, especially when paired with changes in migratory tendency.
Changes in Alignment of Ipsilateral Knee on Computed Tomography after Total Hip Arthroplasty for Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Yu De‐gang , Zhang Jing‐wei , Xu Chen , Xu Jia‐wei , Li Hui‐wu , Zhu Zhen‐an , Liu Feng‐xiang , Mao Yuan‐qing 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the changes in alignment of ipsilateral knee joint after total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).MethodsThirty‐four patients with DDH (38 hips) who underwent THA between February and December 2008 were included in the study: 4 men and 30 women with a mean age of 56.2 years. According to Crowe classification, 11 patients were grade I, 12 were grade II, 9 were grade III, and 6 were grade IV. Computed tomography scans were performed from the anterior superior iliac spine to the tibial tubercle before surgery and at last follow‐up. Femoral anteversion angle, leg lengthening, and knee alignment, including patellar tilt angle, lateral patellar displacement, and tibiofemoral rotation angle, were measured on computed tomography scans, and their relationships were analyzed.ResultsThe mean follow‐up period was 51.5 months (range, 39–70 months). There were no intraoperative fractures, and no infections occurred during the follow‐up period. One patient developed deep venous thrombosis and another suffered from femoral nerve palsy. The mean preoperative Harris Hip Score was 48.9 ± 7.5 and improved to 91.2 ± 8.3 by the last follow‐up (P < 0.001). There was no sign of prosthetic loosening in all hips. Postoperatively, mean leg lengthening was 26.08 ± 21.81 mm (P < 0.001), femoral anteversion decreased 9.03° ± 12.80° (P < 0.001), and patellar tilt, lateral patellar displacement, and tibiofemoral rotation increased by 3.58° ± 4.96° (P < 0.001), 1.78 ± 3.36 mm (P = 0.002), and 2.56° ± 3.37° (P < 0.001), respectively. Postoperative increase in patellar tilt and lateral patellar displacement had significant linear relationships with the decrease in femoral anteversion (r = 0.621, P < 0.001 and r = 0.437, P = 0.0037, respectively). These results revealed that patellofemoral alignment would change more with the decrease in femoral anteversion. Postoperative increase in external rotation of the tibia had significant positive linear relationships with leg lengthening (r = 0.34, P = 0.037) and the decrease in femoral anteversion (r = 0.693, P < 0.001). These results revealed that the external rotation of the proximal tibia would increase with the leg lengthening or the decrease of femoral anteversion. Postoperative changes in patellar tilt and lateral patellar displacement had no significant linear relationships with leg lengthening (P = 0.795 and P = 0.082, respectively).ConclusionsTotal hip arthroplasty for DDH could induce changes in alignment of ipsilateral patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints, with increases in patellar tilt and displacement, and increases in external rotation of the tibia. These secondary alterations still existed at medium‐term follow‐up after surgery, which should be considered during THA for patients with DDH. Extended follow‐up is necessary to evaluate long‐term changes in the knee joint.
Genome of the Malawi golden cichlid fish (Melanochromis auratus) reveals exon loss of oca2 in an amelanistic morph
Authors: Kratochwil Claudius F. , Urban Sabine , Meyer Axel 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe tropical freshwater fish family Cichlidae is famous for its record‐breaking rates of speciation and diversity in colors and color patterns. Here, we sequenced the genome of the Lake Malawi cichlid Melanochromis auratus to study the genetic basis of an amelanistic morph of this species that lacks the typical melanic stripes and markings. Genome sequencing of the amelanistic and wild‐type morph revealed the loss of the second exon of the known pigmentation gene oculocutaneous albinism II (oca2), also known as p(ink‐eyed dilution) gene or melanocyte‐specific transporter gene. Additional genotyping confirms the complete association with this recessive Mendelian phenotype. The deletion results in a shorter transcript, lacking an acidic di‐leucine domain that is crucial for trafficking of the Oca2 protein to melanosomes. The fact that oca2 is involved in a wide range of amelanistic morphs across vertebrates demonstrates its highly conserved function.
Indicators of unresponsiveness after initial i.v. immunoglobulin treatment in acute Kawasaki disease
Authors: Hashimoto Ikuo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to identify the indicators of unresponsiveness to initial i.v. immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment for Kawasaki disease (KD).MethodsOne hundred and forty‐five patients with KD, who had received initial treatment consisting of a single IVIG dose (1 g/kg or 2 g/kg) and oral aspirin (30 mg/kg), were studied. Laboratory parameters, including C‐reactive protein (CRP) and serum sodium (Na), were measured before and after IVIG treatment, and during the convalescent phase, and the laboratory data compared with regards to IVIG response. Multiple logistic regression models, which included laboratory data obtained immediately after the IVIG treatment, were constructed to determine the indicators of IVIG unresponsiveness immediately after the completion of the initial treatment.ResultsOn logistic regression analysis, serum Na after IVIG treatment was the only independent factor related to initial IVIG unresponsiveness (β = 0.53, P < 0.01; OR, 1.69; 95%CI: 1.15–2.49). On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal serum Na cut‐off immediately after IVIG treatment was 135.5 mEq/L with a sensitivity of 0.75, and a specificity of 0.79.ConclusionsProlonged hyponatremia after completion of the initial IVIG therapy was an indicator of the need for subsequent IVIG therapy. Treatment plans should be established for patients with acute KD that pay particular attention to prolonged hyponatremia.
Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium species associated with pokkah boeng of sugarcane in Brazil
Authors: Costa M. M. , Melo M. P. , Guimarães E. A. , Veiga C. M. O. , Carmo Sandin F. , Moreira G. M. , Costa S. S. , Pfenning L. H. 
Published: May 2019

Brazil is the world’s biggest producer of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids). Pokkah boeng is an important fungal disease in this crop caused by members of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) and characterized by deformation of the aerial part of the plant and stem rot. While the occurrence of symptoms has been reported in plantations in Brazil, no official reports of the disease exist. In this study, species of the FFSC were identified that are associated with sugarcane plants with symptoms of pokkah boeng in Brazil. This was achieved using two‐loci molecular phylogeny, sexual compatibility and analysis of morphological markers. The ability of strains to cause disease in plants of sugarcane, maize, sorghum and millet was also evaluated. The 39 isolates studied were identified as F. sacchari, F. proliferatum and another, still unknown, phylogenetic lineage that is sister to F. andiyazi. Crossing field isolates of F. sacchari and F. proliferatum with their respective tester strains produced fertile perithecia and viable ascospores. All three species induced symptoms of pokkah boeng on inoculated sugarcane plants and caused stem rot in maize, sorghum and millet. Symptoms on sugarcane are chlorosis and necrosis of leaves, punctured lesions, twisted leaves, reduction of the total leaf area, death of the top of the plant and stalk rot. The findings confirmed the aetiology of the disease in Brazil, generated basic knowledge for the development of strategies for diagnosis and monitoring of the disease and support breeding programmes for selecting resistant germplasm.
Placental abruption and long‐term neurological hospitalisations in the offspring
Authors: Pariente Gali , Wainstock Tamar , Walfisch Asnat , Landau Daniella , Sheiner Eyal 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPlacental abruption is a major determinant of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, often related to asphyxia and preterm birth. However, the impact of abruption on the long‐term morbidity of the offspring is less investigated.MethodsWe designed a hospital‐based cohort study, in which the incidence of long‐term neurology‐related hospitalisations of offspring to women with and without placental abruption was assessed. All singleton deliveries between 1991 and 2014 were included in the study. Congenital anomalies, perinatal mortality, and multifetal pregnancies were excluded from the analyses. We compared cumulative morbidity incidence using Kaplan‐Meier survival curves and estimated the risk for long‐term neurological hospitalisations from Cox proportional hazards models after adjustment for putative including maternal age, parity, hypertensive disorders, pre‐gestational and gestational diabetes, gender, ethnicity, and year of birth.ResultsOver the 22‐year period, 2 202 269 person‐years of follow‐up, there were 217 910 deliveries of which 0.5% (n = 1003) were complicated with placental abruption. The median (interquartile range) follow‐up of children in the abruption and non‐abruption groups was 10.3 (4.6, 15.9) and 12.0 (6.3, 16.5) years, respectively. The cumulative incidence of total neurological hospitalisations was comparable between abruption (3.32 per 1000 person‐years) and non‐abruption (3.16 per 1000 person‐years). Abruption was associated with increased rates of cerebral palsy (hazard ratio [HR] 6.71, 95% CI 3.32, 13.58) and developmental disorders (HR 3.36, 95% CI 1.38, 8.13), but not for total neurology‐related hospitalisations (HR 1.08, 95% CI 0.78, 1.49).ConclusionPlacental abruption is associated with increased rate of cerebral palsy and developmental disorders in the offspring later in life. This study may define risk factors for childhood neuropsychiatric disorders, enabling early diagnosis and intervention in children with such disorders, and perhaps improving their prognosis.
Horizontal force production and multi‐segment foot kinematics during the acceleration phase of bend sprinting
Authors: Judson Laura J. , Churchill Sarah M. , Barnes Andrew , Stone Joseph A. , Brookes Ian G. A. , Wheat Jon 
Published: May 2019

This paper investigated horizontal force production, foot kinematics, and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint push‐off axis use during acceleration in bend (anti‐clockwise) and straight‐line sprinting. It was hypothesized that bend sprinting would cause the left step push‐off to occur about the oblique axis, resulting in a decrease in propulsive force. Three‐dimensional kinematic and ground reaction force data were collected from nine participants during sprinting on the bend (36.5 m radius) and straight. Antero‐posterior force was reduced at 38%‐44% of stance during bend sprinting compared with the straight. This coincided with an increase in mediolateral force for the majority of the stance phase (3%‐96%) on the bend compared with the straight. In addition, a lower propulsive impulse was reported on the bend compared with the straight. Analysis of multi‐segment foot kinematics provides insight into the possible mechanisms behind these changes in force production. Mean mediolateral center of pressure position was more lateral in relation to the second metatarsal head in the left step on the bend compared with the straight, indicating the oblique axis was used for push‐off at the MTP joint. Greater peak joint angles of the left foot were also reported, in particular, an increase in left step midfoot eversion and internal ankle rotation. It is possible these changes in joint kinematics are associated with the observed decrease in propulsive force. Therefore, practitioners should seek to strengthen muscles such as tibialis posterior in frontal and sagittal planes and ensure specificity of training which may aid in addressing these force reductions.
Kelch 13 propeller gene polymorphism among Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Lagos, Nigeria: Molecular Epidemiologic Study
Authors: Igbasi Uche , Oyibo Wellington , Omilabu Sunday , Quan Hong , Chen Shen‐Bo , Shen Hai‐Mo , Chen Jun‐Hu , Zhou Xiao‐Nong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess polymorphism in Kelch 13 gene of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in Lagos, Nigeria.Methods195 Plasmodium falciparum‐positive dried blood spots collected from individuals that accessed diagnostic care at some health facilities and during community surveys across several Local Government Areas of Lagos State, Nigeria, were investigated for the presence of mutations in the K13 gene by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using haplotype‐specific probes and sequencing.ResultsThree mutant genotypes of K13 gene were observed: A578S in 0.5%, D464N in 0.5% and Q613H in 1.5%. The frequency of K13 polymorphism was 3.1%, while the remaining parasite population had the wild K13 propeller genes.ConclusionNo validated Kelch 13 polymorphism associated with artemisinin resistance was seen among P. falciparum isolates from Lagos, Nigeria. As no clinical study was done, this could not be correlated with artemisinin sensitivity.