bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circular RNA expression profiles and bioinformatics analysis in ovarian endometriosis
Authors: Wang Dandan , Luo Yajuan , Wang Guangwei , Yang Qing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundCircular RNAs (circRNAs) with miRNA response elements (MREs) could function as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in regulating gene expression, thus playing vital roles in pathogenesis and progression of many diseases. However, the function of circRNAs in endometriosis remains unknown. This study was carried to profile the expression patterns of circRNAs in ovarian endometriosis.MethodsHigh throughput RNA‐Seq was performed in six paired ectopic and eutopic endometrium tissues (ecEM vs. euEM), followed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in 30 paired samples. Through bioinformatics prediction, we constructed a circRNA‐miRNA ‐mRNA network and elucidated circRNAs functions by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses.ResultsA total of 146 upregulated and 148 downregulated circRNAs were identified, binding with 2,495 MREs. The qRT‐PCR validation results of four upregulated circRNAs matched the RNA‐Seq data. The ceRNA network included 48 miRNAs and 296 mRNAs. Functional analysis revealed several important pathways such as MAPK signaling pathway, and PI3K‐AKT signaling pathway, which might be associated with the pathogenesis and development of endometriosis.ConclusionOur data suggested that circRNAs are differentially expressed in endometriosis, which might be candidate factors for pathogenesis of this disease and be considered as promising therapeutic targets in the future.
Dietary Cocoa Prevents Aortic Remodeling and Vascular Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Rats
Authors: Álvarez‐Cilleros David , López‐Oliva Maria Elvira , Morales‐Cano Daniel , Barreira Bianca , Pérez‐Vizcaíno Francisco , Goya Luis , Ramos Sonia , Martín María Ángeles 
Published: May 2019

ScopeThe aim of the present study is to investigate the potential protective effect of a cocoa‐rich diet on functional and structural vascular alterations in diabetes and the mechanism involved.Methods and resultsMale Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats are fed on a standard (ZDF‐C) or cocoa‐rich diet (ZDF‐Co) from week 10 to 20 of life. Diabetic ZDF‐C rats showed increased blood pressure and enhanced aortic stiffness, as demonstrated by the increased pulse pressure and the augmented aortic medial thickness with loss and disruption of elastic fibres. Interestingly, cocoa intake strongly avoided all these adverse effects and reduced aortic oxidative stress. Mechanistically, cocoa diet prevented sirtuin‐1 (SIRT‐1) depletion and increased NADPH oxidases (NOXs) and reactive oxygen species production as well as reduced active nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and their antioxidant products.ConclusionThe results demonstrate for the first time that a cocoa‐rich diet strongly prevents aortic stiffening and remodeling in diabetic animals and avoids aortic oxidative stress. It is suggested that this effect could be mediated via its effects on SIRT‐1, NOXs, and Nrf2.
Improper study design precludes valid effect estimates in important suicide prevention research
Authors: Thorell Lars‐Håkan , Wahlin Karl , Ranstam Jonas 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe observational study design for estimating accuracy of diagnostic tests for suicide risk in clinical work is not ideal, due to the effects of directed suicide prevention to the high‐risk group. This is an example of the confounding by indication and protopathic bias, which lead to misinterpretation of the accuracy terms sensitivity and specificity. The simple arithmetic mechanism presented here, forces the conclusion that the accuracy estimates sensitivity and specificity, applied in open prospective trials of surmised diagnostic tests for suicide risk, cannot be normally interpreted as accuracy estimators. Further, the related concept “prediction of suicide” is shown to be fundamentally illogical and should not be used in the present context. All these statements reveal a far‐reaching problem within the suicide prevention research: Conclusions regarding the usefulness of diagnostic tests of suicide risk in the vast previous research since decades deserve reinterpretation. Diagnostic tests per se, can possess highly qualitative properties in estimating important suicidological aspects regarding a patient, but, when studied in an open design study, it cannot be demonstrated. This problem concerns rating scales and any biological and psychological tests in medicine, when confounding factors, for example, suicide prevention, influence the outcome because of the test result per se.
Postpositivist critical multiplism: Its value for nursing research
Authors: Tanlaka Eric F. , Ewashen Carol , King‐Shier Kathryn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimFollowing persistent criticisms of logical positivism, postpositivism emerged as a philosophy of science for developing nursing knowledge. Here, we offer a discussion of postpositivist critical multiplism and its value to nursing research.DesignDiscussion paper.MethodsWe searched relevant literature published between 1978–2018, indexed in CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed or PsychINFO. Findings are discussed in the context of stroke nursing research.ResultsPostpositivist critical multiplism acknowledges the importance of human influence on knowledge development and enables nurse researchers to use multiple approaches to address complex human phenomena. In doing so, the unique perspectives of stakeholder groups including patients, family members, knowledge users can be respected. There are certain steps that can be used by critical multiplist investigators to approach stroke nursing research. Using these steps and the critical multiplist approach may minimize preconceptions or biases associated with using one research method over another and maximize confidence in resultant research knowledge.
Artificial intelligence in digital pathology: a roadmap to routine use in clinical practice
Authors: Colling Richard , Pitman Helen , Oien Karin , Rajpoot Nasir , Macklin Philip ,   CM‐Path AI in Histopathology Working Group, Snead David , Sackville Tony , Verrill Clare 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe use of artificial intelligence will transform clinical practice over the next decade and the early impact of this will likely be the integration of image analysis and machine learning into routine histopathology. In the UK and around the world, a digital revolution is transforming the reporting practice of diagnostic histopathology and this has sparked a proliferation of image analysis software tools. While this is an exciting development that could discover novel predictive clinical information and potentially address international pathology workforce shortages, there is a clear need for a robust and evidence‐based framework in which to develop these new tools in a collaborative manner that meets regulatory approval. With these issues in mind, the NCRI Cellular Molecular Pathology (CM‐Path) initiative and the British In Vitro Diagnostics Association (BIVDA) have set out a roadmap to help academia, industry, and clinicians develop new software tools to the point of approved clinical use. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Norm status, rather than norm type or blameworthiness, results in the side‐effect effect
Authors: Lin Zhumei , Yu Jing , Zhu Liqi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether the “side‐effect effect” existed for both moral and conventional norms in a group of Chinese college students, and whether the norm type (moral or conventional) or the norm status (violating or conforming) resulted in this effect. The experiment used a 2 × 2 between‐subjects design with Norm Type and Norm Status as between‐group factors and with the Blame/Praise Ratings and Intentionality Judgments as dependent variables. Results indicated that the side‐effect effect existed not only in situations involving moral norms, but also in those involving conventional norms. Norm Status was correlated with Intentionality Judgment in both situations involving moral and conventional norms, whereas Blame/Praise Rating was only correlated with the judgments in the moral situation. It turned out that the blame–praise asymmetry could not explain the phenomenon of the “Knobe effect.” Regression analysis showed that norm status, rather than norm type, had a unique predictive effect on people's intentionality judgments. These results support the normative‐reasons explanation, which proposes that foreseeing a harmful effect but not caring about it is the explanatory factor of the Knobe effect.
Tearing and reliability of photovoltaic module backsheets
Authors: Yuen Pak Yan , Moffitt Stephanie L. , Novoa Fernando D. , Schelhas Laura T. , Dauskardt Reinhold H. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe backsheet in photovoltaic modules belongs to an important class of layered materials where the tearing behavior of the individual layers does not necessarily represent the tearing behavior of the entire backsheet. Such characteristic arises from the interaction between the individual layers during the tearing process, where one layer of the backsheet is mechanically constrained by its neighboring layers and the layers may debond from each other. The mechanical constraint and debonding change the amount of energy dissipated during tearing and affect the overall tearing energy. In this work, we exposed a wide selection of backsheets with polymers including ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) to damp heat (85°C/85%RH) for up to 2000 hours. We report on the effect of damp heat on the tearing energy as a function of damp heat exposure. We developed a model that describes the tearing energy of a layered structure by accounting for the tearing of the individual layers in the backsheet, the effect of mechanical constraint, and the adhesive debonding between the layers. Additionally, we explore the relationship between the microstructural change in the polymers which resulted from the damp heat exposure and the mechanical properties using modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC), small and wide angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS and WAXS), and tensile testing.
Guard cell photosynthesis is crucial in abscisic acid‐induced stomatal closure
Authors: Iwai Sumio , Ogata Sho , Yamada Naotaka , Onjo Michio , Sonoike Kintake , Shimazaki Ken‐ichiro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous signaling molecules involved in diverse physiological processes, including stomatal closure. Photosynthetic electron transport (PET) is the main source of ROS generation in plants, but whether it functions in guard cell signaling remains unclear. Here, we assessed whether PET functions in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in guard cells. ABA‐elicited ROS were localized to guard cell chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana, Commelina benghalensis, and Vicia faba in the light and abolished by the PET inhibitors 3‐(3, 4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1, 1‐dimethylurea and 2, 5‐dibromo‐3‐methyl‐6‐isopropyl‐p‐benzoquinone. These inhibitors reduced ABA‐induced stomatal closure in all three species, as well as in the NADPH oxidase‐lacking mutant atrboh D/F. However, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor did not fully eliminate ABA‐induced ROS in the chloroplasts, and ABA‐induced ROS were still observed in the guard cell chloroplasts of atrboh D/F. This study demonstrates that ROS generated through PET act as signaling molecules in ABA‐induced stomatal closure and that this occurs in concert with ROS derived through NADPH oxidase.
On improved monitoring of linear profiles under modified successive sampling
Authors: Riaz Muhammad , Mahmood Tahir , Abbas Nasir , Abbasi Saddam Akber 
Published: May 2019

AbstractControl charts are often used for the monitoring of quality characteristics of interest. There may exist some other characteristics that are associated with the main quality characteristic. A model that quantifies the relationship between them is termed as a profile, for instance, the relation between charge and capacitance. The monitoring of the main variable that is linearly related with an associated explanatory variable is termed as simple linear profiles' monitoring. It is a common practice to use simple random sampling (SRS) for profile monitoring. This study intends to enhance profile monitoring by considering modified successive sampling (MSS) approach. The performance of the existing and the proposed schemes are evaluated using the well‐known metrics average run length. The comparative analysis revealed that the proposed structure outperforms the existing ones in terms of efficiency. A real application from electrical engineering is used to show the implementation of our proposal in practice.
Identification of new trace related impurities in adenosine products using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Shen Yeming , Zhai Peilu , Xi Pengxuan , Chen Chen , Mou Fangjing , Li Fuxin , Zhang Jianye 
Published: May 2019

RationaleAdenosine can induce various physiopathological effects and has been adopted as a drug to treat certain forms of supraventricular tachycardia. Adenosine is predominantly produced via fermentation that may generate many other bioactive compounds with similar structures at trace levels. Thus, it is necessary to identify these trace structurally related impurities. A new method using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF‐MS/MS) is proposed to separate complex components at trace amounts; to obtain accurate mass measurements providing the elemental composition of unknown compounds; and MS/MS spectra for elucidation of structures.MethodsA UHPLC/QTOF‐MS method was developed to separate and detect trace related impurities with structures similar to adenosine in formation samples. MS and MS/MS spectra of the impurities detected in real samples were acquired and used to propose their structures. Available reference standards were used to confirm the identification of some of the impurities detected.ResultsNine trace impurities of adenosine were separated and characterized. Of these nine, five were confirmed as 5'‐adenylic acid, hypoxanthine, inosine, adenine, and 2'‐deoxyadenosine by comparison with their available reference standards. The remaining four were proposed to be ADP‐ribose, two S‐epimers of 5'‐deoxy‐5'‐methylsulfinyl adenosine, and 3'‐α‐glucosyl adenosine based on their MS and MS/MS spectra, and available literature. Additionally, the MS/MS fingerprints of the monosaccharide glycosyl groups were discovered and discussed.ConclusionsA UHPLC/QTOF‐MS method was established and used for the separation and characterization of nine trace related impurities of adenosine. Their structures were identified based on the MS and MS/MS spectra and retention times. In addition, the specific MS/MS fingerprints of the monosaccharide glycosyl moieties of the adenosine impurity analogs were summarized.
XI International Mycological Congress: report of Congress action on nomenclature proposals relating to fungi
Authors: May Tom W. , Redhead Scott A. , Lombard Lorenzo , Rossman Amy Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractProcedures, appointments and outcomes of the Fungal Nomenclature Session (FNS) of the 11th International Mycological Congress (IMC11) are summarized, including the composition of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau and the Nominating Committee of the IMC. Nearly 150 mycologists attended the FNS, at which formal proposals to amend Chapter F of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) were debated. The 18 proposals considered included 10 “from the floor”. Four proposals were withdrawn, two were sent to the Editorial Committee, five were sent to two Special-purpose Committees, four were rejected, and three were accepted (concerning: using the identifier in place of the author citation; mis-citation of identifiers; and indication of sanctioning). Proposals to amend Division III of the ICN were deemed out of scope of the FNS because they did not relate to Chapter F. The two Special-purpose Committees authorized were: “DNA Sequences as Types for Fungi” and “Names of Fungi with the Same Epithet”. Appointments made by the FNS included the Secretary of the Fungal Nomenclature Bureau for IMC12, and officers and members of the Permanent Nomenclature Committee for Fungi. Decisions and appointments of the FNS were ratified in a resolution accepted by the plenary session of the Congress.
Proposals for consideration at IMC11 to modify provisions related solely to fungi in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
Authors: Parra Luis A. , Zamora Juan C. , Hawksworth David L. , Hibbett David S. , Kirk Paul M. , Lücking Robert , Rambold Gerhard , Bensch Konstanze , Yao Yi-Jian , Robert Vincent , Triebel Dagmar 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeven proposals to modify the provisions of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) at the 11th International Mycological Congress (IMC11) in July 2018 had been received by the proscribed date of 1 March 2018. These proposals are formally presented together here. The topics addressed relate to the clarification of the meaning of “original material” in relation to the typification of sanctioned names, the indication of the nomenclatural status of sanctioned names in author citations, the use of DNA sequences as nomenclatural types, and the possibility of including repository identifiers as an alternative to author citations. A synopsis of the proposals will be provided during April, and the mycological community will be invited to provide a guiding vote up to 10 June 2018. Final decisions on these proposals are to be made following debate at the Fungal Nomenclature Session of IMC11.
Two-loop master integrals for the mixed QCD-electroweak corrections for H → $$ b\overline{b} $$ through a $$ Ht\overline{t} $$-coupling
Authors: Chaubey Ekta , Weinzierl Stefan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe present the two-loop master integrals relevant to the$$ \mathcal{O} $$O(ααs)-corrections to the decayH→$$ b\overline{b} $$bb¯through a$$ Ht\overline{t} $$Htt¯-coupling. We keep the full dependence on the heavy particle masses, but neglect theb-quark mass. The occurring square roots can be rationalised and the result is expressed in terms of multiple polylogarithms.
The spinful large charge sector of non-relativistic CFTs: from phonons to vortex crystals
Authors: Kravec S. M. , Pal Sridip 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe study operators in Schrödinger invariant field theories (non-relativistic conformal field theories or NRCFTs) with large charge (particle number) and spin. Via the state-operator correspondence for NRCFTs, such operators correspond to states of a superfluid in a harmonic trap with phonons or vortices. Using the effective field theory of the Goldstone mode, we compute the dimensions of operators to leading order in the angular momentumLand chargeQ. We find a diverse set of scaling behaviors for NRCFTs in bothd= 2 andd= 3 spatial dimensions. These results apply to theories with a superfluid phase, such as unitary fermions or critical anyon systems.
A PROOF OF ANDREWS’ CONJECTURE ON PARTITIONS WITH NO SHORT SEQUENCES
Authors: KANE DANIEL M. , RHOADES ROBERT C. 
Published: May 2019

Our main result establishes Andrews’ conjecture for the asymptotic of the generating function for the number of integer partitions of$n$without$k$consecutive parts. The methods we develop are applicable in obtaining asymptotics for stochastic processes that avoid patterns; as a result they yield asymptotics for the number of partitions that avoid patterns.Holroyd, Liggett, and Romik, in connection with certain bootstrap percolation models, introduced the study of partitions without$k$consecutive parts. Andrews showed that when$k=2$, the generating function for these partitions is a mixed-mock modular form and, thus, has modularity properties which can be utilized in the study of this generating function. For$k>2$, the asymptotic properties of the generating functions have proved more difficult to obtain. Using$q$-series identities and the$k=2$case as evidence, Andrews stated a conjecture for the asymptotic behavior. Extensive computational evidence for the conjecture in the case$k=3$was given by Zagier.This paper improved upon early approaches to this problem by identifying and overcoming two sources of error. Since the writing of this paper, a more precise asymptotic result was established by Bringmann, Kane, Parry, and Rhoades. That approach uses very different methods.
Stability of lubricated viscous gravity currents. Part 1. Internal and frontal analyses and stabilisation by horizontal shear
Authors: Kowal Katarzyna N. , Worster M. Grae 
Published: May 2019

A novel viscous fingering instability, involving a less viscous fluid intruding underneath a current of more viscous fluid, was recently observed in the experiments of Kowal & Worster (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 766, 2015, pp. 626–655). We examine the origin of the instability by asking whether the instability is an internal instability, arising from internal dynamics, or a frontal instability, arising from viscous intrusion. We find it is the latter and characterise the instability criterion in terms of viscosity difference or, equivalently, the jump in hydrostatic pressure gradient at the intrusion front. The mechanism of this instability is similar to, but contrasts with, the Saffman–Taylor instability, which occurs as a result of a jump in dynamic pressure gradient across the intrusion front. We focus on the limit in which the two viscous fluids are of equal density, in which a frontal singularity, arising at the intrusion, or lubrication, front, becomes a jump discontinuity, and perform a local analysis in an inner region near the lubrication front, which we match asymptotically to the far field. We also investigate the large-wavenumber stabilisation by transverse shear stresses in two dynamical regimes: a regime in which the wavelength of the perturbations is much smaller than the thickness of both layers of fluid, in which case the flow of the perturbations is resisted dominantly by horizontal shear stresses; and an intermediate regime, in which both vertical and horizontal shear stresses are important.
The Flow in S-shaped Ducts
Authors: Bansod P , Bradshaw P 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMeasurements are presented of total pressure, static pressure, surface shear stress and yaw angle in the flow through several S-shaped ducts, each with a thin turbulent boundary layer at entry. The results show that the region of low total pressure in the exit plane, found by previous workers, is due to expulsion of boundary-layer fluid by a pair of contra-totating vortices in the boundary layer. The generation of these vortices is explained: similarly-produced vortices, with similar effects, occur in some types of wind-tunnel contraction and possibly in other three-dimensional flows.
Mean Flow and Pressure in a Straight Suction Duct with Deflected Inflow
Authors: Burrows F M 
Published: May 2019

SummaryThe momentum analysis of the mean flow of an incompressible fluid in a straight suction duct with porous walls dealt with in a previous paper is extended to account for deflection of the inflow towards a direction parallel with the axis of the duct. Ducts with a continuous distribution of porosity and ducts with a relatively small number of rather large ports are considered and the results are applicable to regions where the velocity and pressure can be assumed to be distributed uniformly across planes normal to the mean flow inside them. Some measurements made with a one-quarter full-size scale model of the straight and more or less regularly obstructed suction duct used in the boundary layer control system of a high-lift research aircraft show that at least part of the theory permits a reasonable prediction of pressures.