bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EΞ ϒΠΟΒΟΛΗσ
Authors: Ferguson A. S. 
Published: June 2019

Τ⋯ τε 'Ομ⋯ρον ⋯ξ ὑποβολ⋯ς γ⋯γραφε [σόλων] ῥαψῳδεῖσθαι, οἷον ὅπου ό πρ⋯τος ἒληξεν ⋯κεῖθεν ἂρχεσθαι τòν ⋯χ;óμεν㦿ν (Diogenes Laertius, I. 2, 57).It would be tedious to trace the course of the controversy about this phrase. Since Hermann showed that ύποβάλλειν means ‘subiicere alteri quod recordetur uel dicat’ (as in administering an oath), the many conflicting interpretations have been obliged to resort to some device, more or less strained, in order to reconcile the natural sense of ύποβολή with what at least appears to be the explanatory clause added in the text of Diogenes, and with the parallel phrase in the Hipparchus, 228d: ήνάγκασε τούς ῥαΨῳδοὺς Παναθηναίοις ⋯ξ ύπολ⋯ψεως ⋯φεξης α⋯τ⋯ διι⋯ναι. We should expect some term meaning performance by turns, and sufficiently technical to need the explanation given by Diogenes. Mr. Pallis has cut the knot in the Classical Quarterly (1913, p. 134) by suggesting ⋯ξ ὺποβ⋯ς on the model of the pseudo-Platonic passage. There is, however, no classical authority for this word, and a change as small will restore a known technical word with the required sense.
On the Date of Herodotus' Death
Authors: Todd O. J. 
Published: June 2019

Did Herodotus die between 430 and 424 or later ?He twice speaks of the Peloponnesian War as an event, in VII. 137 (χρνῳ δμετπειτα πολλῷ πηγρθη [sc. Ϊαλθυβου μυις] κατ τν Πελοποννσῳν κα Ἀθηναωνπλεμον, ὡς λγονσι Λακεδαιμνιοι) and IX. 73 (τοῖςι δ Δεκελεσι ν Σπρτῃ π τοτουτο ἒργου τελειη τε κα προεδρη διατελει ς τδε αἰε ἓτι οσα, οὔτω ὥστε κα ς τνπλεμον τν ὓστερον πολλοῖσι ἒτεσι τοτων γενμενον Ἀθηνα τε κα Πελοποννησοισι σινоμνων τᾐν ἂλλην Ἀττικν Λακεδαιμονων, Δεκελης πχεσθαι).
‘Equites’ of Senatorial Rank
Authors: Hill H. 
Published: June 2019

There has always, apparently, been a strangely persistent belief among scholars in the existence of Knights of Senatorial rank, and though the definition of these has varied from time to time, their existence seems to be universally accepted.The first form of this idea is to be found in the view that the phrase ‘equitesillustres’ used by Tacitus refers to Knights possessing Senatorial rank. In a recent article the writer has dealt with this question, and tried to show how Mommsen definitely disposed of this theory. But in spite of his masterly refutation of it, it has found acceptance among more recent scholars, such as Furneaux, Pelham, Cagnat, and others.
Ictus and Accent in Early Latin Dramatic Verse
Authors: Sonnenschein E. A. 
Published: June 2019

That accent as well as quantity plays a certain rô1e in the structure of early Latin dramatic verse is no new doctrine. It has been present in some form or other to the minds of most writers on Plautine and Terentian prosody since the time of Bentley, who in hisSchediasma de metris Terentianis(1726, second edition 1727) laid the foundations of modern research into this somewhat thorny subject. Unfortunately, however, the question has been complicated from the very first by the introduction of a third term into the discussion, viz. the termictus, with the result that the fundamental issue has been obscured and to some extent side-tracked. Bentley was himself responsible for this result; for it was he who introduced into his text of Terence those ictus-marks which have figured in most texts of Plautus and Terence down to the present day. And his whole theory of Terentian verse was dominated by the postulate that it was delivered on the stage with a stress of the voice falling rhythmically on the ‘rise’ (or, as he called it, the ‘arsis’) of each foot: e.g.Malúm quod ísti dí deaéque omnés duínt.
Demetrius, De Elocutione
Authors: Lockwood J. F. 
Published: June 2019

In the Classical Quarterly, Vol. XXIII. i, pp. 7–10, Mr. Denniston attempts to revive the ancient and once honoured sport of gloss-chasing. But the day of that perilous pastime has gone, and this latest effort is perhaps less successful than some of its predecessors. In his notes on the De Elocution of Demetrius he hunts and traps the unwary ‘gloss’ in his net of criticism, but unfortunately the snare is faulty, and the ‘catch’ escapes. I propose to discuss each of his suggested ‘glosses’ in his order, basing my arguments against his conclusions—(a) on probabilities; (b) on the usage of Demetrius in this work:§ 271. καθλου δ νς λEεως τ σϰματα κα ὑπκρισιν κα γνα παρϰει τῷ λοντι, μλιστα τ διαλελυμον, τοτ' στι δειντητα.
Three Words of Ennius
Authors: Mountford J. F. 
Published: June 2019

In Corp. Gloss. Lat. V. 435–490 Goetz published excerpts from the A A glossary. Further interesting items were published by C. Theander in Eranos XXIII (1925) 51–61, 167–176. The complete glossary is now being prepared for the press, and Professor W. M. Lindsay has kindly communicated to me some of the new items which may possibly contain quotations from classical authors. The most interesting of them is the following:MA 2 ‘Mabortia res quae ad pugnam pertinet unde moenia funduntur vel res Martia.’
Pvncto Tempore Again
Authors: Lindsay W. M. 
Published: June 2019

Some time ago in this journal (XIII. 19) I asked for light on this common phrase of Lucretius, quoting three of its occurrences, and being especially interested in the last (where the final syllable of tempore is elided):6, 230 Et liquidum puncto facit aes in tempore et aurum.
Anchises and Aphrodite
Authors: Rose H.J. 
Published: June 2019

This ancient tale has naturally been recognized by modern scholars for what it is—a story of the Great Mother and her paramour; but several features appear to me to have been given less examination than they deserve, in view of their own peculiarity and the obvious antiquity of the myth.That it is pre-Greek is fairly clear from the names of the principal actors. Anchises yields no tolerable meaning in Greek, and we do not know to what speech it belongs—possibly Phrygian. Aphrodite is, of course, no Greek goddess at all. The tale was known to Greek saga-men about the tenth century B.C., and is fully told for the first time, so far as our surviving records go, in a document possibly of the seventh century—the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite. Connected as it is, though loosely, with the Troy-saga, it may quite possibly go back to Minoan-Mycenaean times, as that does. The features which I think worthy of further investigation are the fate of Anchises after his enjoyment of the goddess' favours, and in particular the effect upon him of the thunderbolt with which he was smitten.
Enniana
Authors: Steuart Ethel Mary 
Published: June 2019

The notorious line, ‘O Tite tute Tati tibi tanta, turanne, tulisti,’ is assigned to Ennius by Priscian, Isidore, and the Explanator in Donatum, as well as by Pompeius in his second quotation of it. In the first, however (287 K), he, like Auctor ad Herennium, Charisius, Donatus, Martianus Capella, and Plotius Sacerdos, gives no author's name. There is thus some reasonable doubt whether the attribution is correct; and this doubt is greatly increased by the remarks of our earliest authority, the Auctor ad Herennium (IV. 12. 18): ‘Vitabimus eiusdem litterae nimiam adsiduitatem, cui uitio uersus hic erit exemplo, nam hic nihil prohibet in uitiis alienis exemplis uti O Tite e.q.s.; et hic eiusdem poetae Quicquam quisquam e.q.s.’ This clearly indicates:1. That it was unusual for this author to borrow his illustrative examples (cf. IV. 2. 4 sqq., where he states that he prefers to make up his own examples instead of quoting from the best prose authors and poets as most rhetoricians do).
Terentiana
Authors: Phillimore John S. 
Published: June 2019

In this paper it is proposed to be argued that the tendency in Latin known as the ‘Iambic Law’ is actuated by one cause, and one only—viz., the intensity of the prior syllable of the two. ‘Intensity’ means higher tone and increased force of utterance (plus sonat, Keil, 4, 426; acuto accentu elatum, as Charisius (K. I, p. 227) says of ut exclamatory). It is of three kinds:(1) Initial—proper to the first syllable of a disyllabic, tetrasyllabic, or pentesyllabic word of a sentence or (as Bentley first noted) of a verse.(2) Appropriate to the sense of interrogatives (which therefore must normally stand first) and other words of natural emphasis, such as ego, or the expletives pol, malum, or imperatives, or words like at and sed, before which there is a pause in Latin.(3) Attaching to particular words in a particular context because of the meaning of the sentence (cf. Donat. ad Phorm. 341, acuenda uox in eo quod ait, ‘tibi’).
Celtis Again
Authors: Laistner M. L. W. 
Published: June 2019

In the Classical Quarterly, XIX., pp. 192–3, in some remarks on the word celtis, I suggested that the Philoxenus gloss CE 23 (Celtis ῥνα ίΧθύοςεἷδος) was in reality a fusion of two glosses—Celtis : ῥȋναCeltis (?): ίΧθύος εἶδοςand I tried to show that the former was a Bible gloss from Job xix. 24. Since the appearance of my article it has been pointed out by Professor Housman, in a communication to Professor W. M. Lindsay, that I had overlooked the kindred Philoxenus gloss SQ 4 (Squatus: ῥȋνα εἶδος ìΧθύος); and it would appear that, in view of this regrettable oversight, the division of the gloss CE 23 and the explanation of the first part as a Bible gloss is untenable.
The Text of the Epistles of Themistocles
Authors: Jackson J. 
Published: June 2019

Ib. 8–16. εἱ δ&apos οὖν γὼ μν ϕυγς&hellip; οἱ δ&apos; χθρο οὑμο λαμπρο κα μέγα ἰσχύοντες oi δ ταῖροι ὑμεῖς οὒτε αὐτΟθΙ <χρήσιμοι οὒτε ἂλλΟθΙ> οὐδαμο, δουλεία δ' ν τῷ μέσῳ παιδαρίων ρϕανν πολλν, λυναικν ρήμων τν ὑμετέρων κα τ ς μ ς, γ ο ν έ ω ν [δ] κα πρεσβυτν κα πρεσβυτίδεν (νίοις γρ αὑτν κα οἱ γονεῖς ἕτι εἰσἱν)—εἰ τατα πάντα… καταλαμβάνοι κτ.οὑμο Hr: οὐχ οἱ P ∥ <>* ∥ οὐδαμο*: οὐδ' μο P ∥ τς μς, γονέων*: τν μν, νίων δ P.
A Source of Vergil, Georg. II. 136–176
Authors: Krappe Alexander Haggerty 
Published: June 2019

This passage, which is in a way a digression from the main subject of the second book, arboriculture, and stands out from the rest of the poem, is one of the best known of the entire work, chiefly, it would seem, on account of its exquisite beauty, but partly also, no doubt, for the distinctly modern note it strikes; for it can justly be regarded as an early example of a national anthem. As a matter of fact, it has been recognized as such from the dawn of the Renaissance, and Petrarch's famousSalue cara Deo tellus: sanctissima salue: was directly inspired by Vergil'sSalue, magna parens frugum, Saturnia tellus, Magna uirum.
Prvdentivs, Apotheosis 895
Authors: Austin R. G. 
Published: June 2019

The MS. tradition of Prudentius is particularly interesting, since in the famous Codex Puteanus (Par. Lat. 8084) we have a MS. dating from the early sixth century—i.e. but little more than a hundred years after the publication of the collected poems in 405. Yet it has only been of late years that due consideration has been given to this ancient Codex, which is the actual MS. corrected by Vettius Mavortius' own hand. Mr. Winstedt has spoken (Classical Review, 1904, pp. 112 sqq.) of the neglect which it has suffered for the most part from editors, and also (C.R., 1905, pp. 56 sqq.) of the similar lack of attention paid even by Dressel to its seventh-century companion at Milan—the Codex Ambrosianus; while, later, J. Bergman shewed himself enthusiastic in its praise (Sitzungsberichte der kais. Ahad. der Wissenschaften in Wien, 1907). A confirmation is now available of a curious and generally discredited reading in this MS. (the Puteanus), from that same Arma glossary (Leyd. 67F, 1191–128r) of ‘saec. viii.-ix’ which bears witness to the readings of a lost Terence MS. of the δ-family, the best minuscule family, older than any extant MS., as I shewed in the April, 1925, number of this journal. At Prud. Apoth. 895 the reading of Puteanus is—Agenitus genitusque deus, pater et patre natus.
On the Syntax of usus est
Authors: Nutting H. C. 
Published: June 2019

The discussion of the construction with usus est is conventionally bound up with that of opus est, and comparatively little attention has been given to the problem presented by the use of the ablative case with the former phrase.The tendency to pass lightly over this matter is due doubtless to the manifest etymological connexion between usus and utor, which leads to the assumption that the verbal noun would naturally follow the syntax of the verb.
Anaxagoras: Predication as a Problem in Physics: II
Authors: Peck A. L. 
Published: June 2019

The former part of this paper attempted to show—1. That in Anaxagoras' scheme of physics the following substances were elements:(a) The animal substances (such as Flesh, Bone, Marrow, etc.);(b) The vegetable substances (such as Bark, Wood, etc.);(c) The so-called Opposites (the hot, the cold, etc.); and2. That there is no evidence that Anaxagoras asserted any substances to be homoeomerous, and that, even if he had done so, the word ‘homoeomerous’ does not bear the meanings often attached to it by those theories which assume he made the assertion. The meaning of is, ὁμοιομερής is, not ‘simple in substance,’ i.e. ‘elementary,’ but ‘simple in formation.’
Ad Senecam
Authors: Kronenberg A. J. 
Published: June 2019

Ep. 2, § 3 ‘non Conualescit planta, quae saepe transfertur.’ ‘coalescit’ (‘manuscrit de Mons’) commendat P. Thomas. Conferatur tamen Ep. 121, § 15 ‘herba conualuit,’ Ep. 38, § 2 ‘conualescunt et exurgunt.’Ep. 13, § 14 ‘pudet me i bi sic tecum loqui.’ ‘diu,’ cf. § 15 ‘nimium diu te cohortor.’
The Miracle of the Wine at Dionysos' Advent; on the Lenaea Festival
Authors: Vürtheim J. 
Published: June 2019

During the period from December to April Dionysos is celebrated at Athens four times: at the Lesser Dionysia, at the Lenaea, at the Anthesteria, at the Greater Dionysia.The Lenaea festival falls in the Ionic month of Lenaion, which corresponds with the Attic Gamelion, i.e. January. There are no serious objections to fixing the date in this way. The competition in theatricals held at this festival is called ⋯ ⋯π⋯ Ληναίωι àγών the god Dionysos Ληναίος or Ληνεύς the temple-grounds τ⋯ Λήυαιου. These were probably situated on the stretch of swelling ground, rising from the Apostle Paul Road, between Areopagus and Akropolis, as there was room enough there to seat a large audience. It is worthy of notice that, in contrast with the Greater or Urban Dionysia, ancient narrators call the Lenaea a rural festivity, at which a rustic song is intoned. Still, they are to be distinguished from the Lesser Dionysia, which are celebrated at the end of December.
Miscellanea
Authors: Allen T. W. 
Published: June 2019

Testimony, even in the well-worked parts of antiquity, continues to accrue, some from new papyri, some from texts long known but overlooked. In the result the critic is discomfited, honest men come by their own. οιόνδ' ἀπέβη τόδε πρᾶγμα.This document, which consists of two lives of Homer and the Agon inserted between them, has long been derived from the Μουσεîον of Alcidamas. The conjecture was contested and the survival of Alcidamas denied. The publication of twenty-five lines from a papyrus of s. II.–III. p. C. by Professor J. G. Winter (Transactions of the American Philological Association, 1925, Vol. LVI.), containing a Homeric biography signed αλκι] δαμαντος περι ομηρου put an end to the matter. See on the whole question Mr. Winter's remarks and a paper by Sig. Carlo Gallavotti of Bologna, Rivista di Filologia, 1929, 31.
Demetrius, De Elocutione
Authors: Denniston J. D. 
Published: June 2019

In Vol. XXIIL, pp. 105–8, Mr. Lockwood criticizes some of the observations which I made in pp. 7–10 of the same volume.§ 271. I ‘assume’ that τοῦτ' δετι δεινότητα explains ύπόκρισιν καὶ ἀγῶνα and not τὸ διαλελυμένον, (1) because ‘figures of speech in general’ cannot be said to ‘produce’ τὸ διαλελυμένον asyndeton, which is itself one of those figures; (2) because, conversely, τὸ διαλελυμένον is not equivalent to δεινότης but a means of producing δεινότης. τὸ διαλελυμένον must, therefore, be nominative, not accusative, and Professor Rhys Roberts' rendering, ‘lending especially the effect of abruptness, in other words of energy,’ cannot (I speak with all respect) be right. The Professor himself is not happy with it, and adds in a note that ‘a better sense would be obtained by placing μάλιστα τὸ διαλελυμένον before ὑπόκρισιν, i.e. “the figures of speech, and especially asyndeton.”‘ My excision (or, rather, Professor Radermacher's) gives the same sense. Orth, in his translation, omits the words τοῦτ' ἐστι δεινότητα, and interprets as I do.
Expleo ‘Minuo.’
Authors: Lindsay W. M. 
Published: June 2019

Caper in his section on the preposition ex cited Ennius, Ann. 309:nauibus explebant sese terrasque replebant,and declared that Virgil used the verb with this antique sense in Aen. 6, 545:discedam; explebo numerum reddarque tenebris,i.e. ‘minuam vestrum numerum.’This we are told in Servius' note, which begins: Ut diximus supra, explebo est minuam. Thilo gives no reference to any such previous words of Servius, and I have failed to find them. Can it be that Servius has carelessly transcribed a note of Donatus, and that Donatus had discussed ex minuens at Geo. 2, 65, or 4, 145 ? Donatus' note on Terence, Hec. 755, is Explere exinanire Terentianum est; the passage of Terence is:eas ad mulieres huc intro atque istuc iusiurandum idempolliceare illis: exple animum îs teque hoc crimine expedi,i.e., relieve their mind of suspicion against Pamphilus and free yourself from this charge. The phrase recurs in the next Scene (785; 787):illis modo explete animum.i atque exple animum îs, coge ut credant.
Some Suggested Amendments to the Assurance Companies Act, 1909
Authors: Maltby C. H. 
Published: June 2019

During the discussion of Mr. Barrand's paper on the 1909 Act (J.I.A., vol. xlv, p. 257), the opinion was expressed that it would be desirable, at some future date, to consider in fuller detail some of the features of the Act which seemed at first sight to stand in need of revision.The present paper is intended to initiate such a discussion, but it only deals with the Act from the Life standpoint; and it also omits all questions arising solely out of the annual accounts, these having been fully dealt with by Dr. A. E. Sprague in “Insurance Companies’ Accounts.”
On the Valuation of Endowment Assurances by Select Tables
Authors: Brown Edward Harold 
Published: June 2019

The question whether it is necessary to use select mortality rates in the calculation of office reserves was pronounced by Mr. R. P. Hardy during the discussion on the papers submitted by Messrs. King, Diver and Ackland to be a highly debatable one.The discussion disclosed two lines of thought on the subject, one admitting that a select valuation was theoretically correct, the other questioning the advisability of making a select valuation at all, the arguments in favour of the use of an aggregate table being crystallized in Mr. Warner's statement that the logical complement of a select table valuation would be the employment of a rate of interest representing to the nearest penny what had been actually realized during the quinquennium. Considered as a warning against undue striving after exactitude this is unanswerable, but when the calculation of the office reserves is viewed as a preliminary to the declaration of bonus, the conclusion might be drawn that an aggregate table valuation so entirely meets the case as to permit the full distribution of the resulting surplus.
The relations between certain soil moisture constants and the determination of the vesicular coefficients of soils
Authors: Wright C. H. 
Published: June 2019

1. Evidence is produced to show that the free water in a soil is 21.2. Wilsdon's modification of the Briggs-Shantz equation is discussed, viz., M = xH + 21, in which x = the vesicular coefficient. From this equation the vesicular coefficient of any soil can be found from the values of M and H.3. The values thus obtained agree for clay soils with those found by Hardy's method from the moisture at the point of maximum plasticity.4. The vesicular coefficient of a soil is greater than that of its subsoil.5. The total bound water = (M – 21), and the vesicular water = M – (21 + H). The vesicular water expressed as a percentage of the plastic soil is equal to the cubical shrinkage coefficient.
Investigation on the mineral content of pasture grass and its effect on herbivora: III. Report on the chemical analyses of samples of pasture from various areas in the British Isles
Authors: Elliot Walter , Wood T. B. , Godden William 
Published: June 2019

(1) The herbage of the hill pastures in Great Britain is, in general, markedly poorer than that of the cultivated pastures in respect to silica-free ash, and each of the individual ash constituents, with the exception of sodium. It is also poorer, but to a less extent, in nitrogen.(2) The percentage of silica-free ash in the “not eaten” grass from the hill pastures is only approximately 50 percent of that in the “eaten” grass. This deficiency is fairly uniformly distributed over the ash constituents with the possible exception of sodium.(3) Despite these marked differences in the mineral content of the different types of pasture, there is very little difference in their caloric value as calculated by the method indicated.(4) Wherever sheep have a free choice in grazing they appear to eat, by preference, that herbage which contains the higher percentage of mineral ingredients.
Investigation on the mineral content of pasture grass and its effect on herbivora: IV. Report on the seasonal variations in the mineral content of pastures
Authors: Elliot Walter , Orr J. B. , Wood T. B. , Cruickshank Ethel M. 
Published: June 2019

(1) There is a definite seasonal variation in the mineral content of the pastures examined between the months of May and October, which is most clearly shown by the CaO, which rises to a maximum and then steadily falls; and to a less extent by the silica-free ash, P2O5and Na2O.(2) The chlorine content did not show a corresponding variation; its tendency being to maintain its high percentage through the later part of the season.(3) The nitrogen, on the whole, showed a variation corresponding with the calcium, though the range was markedly less.
The control of leaf-roll disease in potatoes by the diagnosis of “primarily infected” tubers: Preliminary note
Authors: McLean W. 
Published: June 2019

1. Healthy tubers and “primarily infected” tubers, at time of lifting, appear to be similar both in external appearance and chemical composition.2. On drying at laboratory temperature (about 60° F.) healthy tubers lose weight much more quickly than “primarily infected” tubers. In addition, the latter remain in a “hard” condition which persists even after sprouting whereas the former become soft and flabby.3. It is suggested that healthy “seed” may be separated from “primarily infected” seed on this basis.
The Conjugation of the Transitive Verb in the Principal Dialects of Shina
Authors: Lorimer D. L. R. 
Published: June 2019

The paradigms given below are the result of efforts to obtain what may be regarded as standard conjugational forms of the Transitive Verb in the chief dialects of Shina.Shina (Ṣiṇ'a) is the principal language of the Gilgit Political Agency. It is the sole or primary language of the people inhabiting:—1. The portion of the Indus Valley lying within the Gilgit Agency, i.e. from the neighbourhood of Haramosh to Thor; including the whole Chilas District;2. The Gilgit Valley from Dahimal, 14 miles west of Gupis, to the junction of the Gilgit River with the Indus;3. The lower portions of the Ishkoman and Hunza-Nagir Valleys;4. The valley of the Astor River and its tributaries;5. The Gurez Valley in Kashmir proper.6. It is also the language of the people inhabiting the Darel and Tangir Valleys, situated in Independent Territory to the south of the mountain range that forms the southern boundary of the mid portion of the Gilgit Valley. These valleys drain southwards into the Indus. The use of Shina does not stop here, but extends further down the Indus Valley, according to Dr. Grahame Bailey, to a point more than halfway from Chilas to Amb.