bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Survival for Children With Acute Myeloid Leukemia Results From Improved Postrelapse Treatment
Authors: Vedi Aditi , Mitchell Richard , Shanmuganathan Sunita , Oswald Cecilia , Marshall Glenn M. , Trahair Toby , Sivarajasingam Siva , Ziegler David S. 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The treatment for pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not changed significantly over the past 3 decades, yet outcomes have improved with cure rates increasing from 30% to over 60% of all newly diagnosed children over this period. This improvement in survival has been attributed to both treatment intensification and improved supportive care over the decades, although the precise impact of each remains unknown.

Patients and Methods:
We retrospectively analyzed a unique cohort of 276 patients with de novo AML diagnosed in childhood, all treated with the same chemotherapy protocol over a 25-year period from 1986 to 2012.

Results:
The contemporary cohort (2000-2012), compared with the historical cohort (1986-1999) had significantly improved overall survival (75% vs. 50%; hazard ratio, 2.17; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-2.93), lower disease-related mortality (38% vs. 19%, P=0.02) and were significantly more likely to receive an allogeneic transplant after relapse (stem cell transplantation [SCT], 73% vs. 12%; P<0.0001). Allogeneic transplant postrelapse was associated with a significantly improved survival across the entire cohort (overall survival 50% for allogeneic SCT vs. 12% for autologous or none, P<0.0001). There was no significant difference between the contemporary and historical cohorts in treatment-related mortality (13% vs. 7%, P=0.42) or relapse rates after induction (50% in older cohort vs. 40% in recent era, P=0.25), suggesting consistency of induction treatment efficacy and toxicity across the 2 periods.

Conclusions:
This data suggests improved survival in pediatric AML in the modern era has predominantly resulted from changes in treatment after relapse, including increased use of allogeneic SCT.
A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis to Explore the Effectiveness of Exercise-Based Interventions in Improving Fatigue, Dyspnea, and Depression in Lung Cancer Survivors
Authors: Henshall Catherine L. , Allin Lizzie , Aveyard Helen 
Published: May 2018

Background
Lung cancer survival rates are increasing; however, lung cancer survivors' mental and physical well-being can suffer from experiencing symptoms of fatigue, dyspnea, and depression. Exercise can improve these symptoms. However, no studies have examined the effects of different exercise interventions on these symptoms.

Objective
This review aims to examine the evidence on the effects of exercise interventions on fatigue, dyspnea, and depression in lung cancer survivors.

Methods
PRISMA guidelines were followed. CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched between 2000 and May 2017. Gray literature was searched. All identified studies were screened for inclusion. Quantitative data were narratively synthesized.

Results
From 852 records retrieved and screened, 10 full-text articles were included. Seven studies had a high risk of bias, 2 had an unclear risk, and 1 study had a low risk, limiting the robustness of findings. Exercise interventions included pulmonary rehabilitation, aerobic exercise, resistance training, exercise and balance programs, and medical qigong. Six studies reported statistically significant reductions in fatigue; 2 reported significant improvements in dyspnea, and one a significant reduction in depression postintervention.

Conclusions
Exercise interventions may be effective and are unlikely to cause harm for lung cancer survivors. However, evidence quality is limited. More rigorous study designs are required to provide guidance about which interventions may help lung cancer survivors self-manage these symptoms.

Implications for Practice
Health professionals should provide comprehensive, customized exercise screening and treatment plans to lung cancer survivors to complement their lifestyle needs and ensure appropriate recommendations aimed at improving symptom control are communicated to them.
Modified Nipple Flap with Free Areolar Graft for Component Nipple-Areola Complex Construction: Outcomes with a Novel Technique for Chest Wall Reconstruction in Transgender Men
Authors: Frey Jordan D. , Yu Jessie Z. , Poudrier Grace , Motosko Catherine C. , Saia Whitney V. , Wilson Stelios C. , Hazen Alexes 
Published: May 2018

Background:
A primary goal in chest wall reconstruction (“top surgery”) for trans men is achieving a symmetric, aesthetically pleasing position of the reconstructed male nipple-areola complex.

Methods:
The senior author’s (A.H.) technique for component nipple-areola complex creation in chest wall reconstruction for trans men with a modified skate flap and free areolar graft, in conjunction with double-incision mastectomy, is described. A retrospective analysis of 50 consecutive patients who underwent primary, bilateral chest wall reconstruction with this technique was undertaken for the period of March of 2015 to October of 2016.

Results:
The average patient age was 30.64 years, and the average body mass index was 28.54 kg/m2. Eighty-two percent of the sample received preoperative testosterone therapy, and average operative time was 2 hours 59 minutes. Average overall mastectomy specimen weight was 627.80 g, average length of hospital stay was 0.96 days, and average follow-up duration was 19.02 months. Complications occurred in five patients (10 percent), including seroma (4 percent), cellulitis (2 percent), hematoma (2 percent), and suture granuloma (2 percent). Only five patients (10 percent) underwent postoperative revision to adjust nipple-areola complex size, projection, or symmetry. Twenty-eight patients (56 percent) underwent secondary revisions, including scar revisions (56 percent), liposuction (12 percent), and fat grafting (2 percent).

Conclusion:
The use of a modified nipple flap and free areola graft in transgender chest wall reconstruction for trans men allows for flexible, component construction of the male nipple-areola complex in a safe and effective manner.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, IV.
Browning of Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue after Its Transplantation in Nude Mice
Authors: Qiu Lihong , Zhang Zhaoxiang , Zheng Hui , Xiong Shaoheng , Su Yingjun , Ma Xianjie , Yi Chenggang 
Published: May 2018

Background:
The clinical unpredictability of autologous fat grafting originates partially from the unique characteristics of adipose tissue. Evidence of adipose remodeling toward browning (developing of brown-like adipocytes in white adipose tissue) in response to trauma has been emerging. With regard to fat grafting surgery by which adipose tissue depots are directly and ubiquitously traumatized, whether it affects adipose phenotype change toward browning has not been previously reported.

Methods:
Human subcutaneous adipose tissues were harvested from the abdominal region of female patients by means of liposuction and were then injected into the dorsal flanks of athymic nude mice. After 12 weeks, fat grafts were harvested and subjected to histologic analysis.

Results:
Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed the appearance of small multilocular adipocytes in the peripheral region of the grafts. These adipocytes exhibited higher staining for uncoupling protein 1 (a fat browning–specific marker), mitochondrial protein, and CD31 compared with the central ones, indicating the presence of brown-like adipocytes (i.e., beige adipocytes) in this area. Furthermore, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that these beige adipocytes might be derived from de novo adipogenesis from progenitors of graft origin.

Conclusion:
Results of this study suggest that browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue participates in adaptive tissue remodeling following grafting and contributes to adipose tissue repair.
An Exploration of Sensation Seeking in Persons With Disabilities in Rehabilitation
Authors: Koszalinski Rebecca S. , Heidel R. Eric , Thomson Cynthia J. , Cochran P. David , Nance Jon , Kaye Al 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

Purpose
This study reports the findings of a study about sensation-seeking or high-risk/challenging sports in persons who have disabilities.

Design
Exploratory, cross-sectional, and descriptive.

Methods
Two hundred and twenty-three recruitment e-mails were sent to potential participants. Data were collected through Qualtrics.

Findings
Mean score for Contextual Sensation Seeking Questionnaire for Skiing and Snowboarding (M = 30.21, SD = 8.18) was significantly lower than a sample of able-bodied skiers and snowboarders, t(239) = 2.75, p = .006. Mean for impulsive sensation seeking was lower than the same sample of able-bodied athletes cited in a previous study, t(240) = 4.56, p = .001. Means for the Zuckerman Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire subscales were impulsivity (M = 1.98, SD = 4.05) and sensation seeking (M = 6.75, SD = 2.68).

Conclusions
This group scored lower in sensation seeking compared to able-bodied high-risk/challenging sports activities participants. Sensation seeking is not a motivating factor in this sample.

Clinical Relevance
Nurses could encourage rehabilitation patients to engage in challenging activities for personal and group mastery.
Current Role of Urethrolysis and Partial Excision in Patients Seeking Revision of Anti-Incontinence Sling
Authors: Drain Alice , Enemchukwu Ekene , Shah Nihar , Syan Raveen , Rosenblum Nirit , Nitti Victor W. , Brucker Benjamin M. 
Published: May 2018

Objectives
Stress urinary incontinence is highly prevalent and sling surgery has increased since 2000. Urethrolysis traditionally had been standard management of complications after anti-incontinence surgery; however, partial excision is a less aggressive option. This study describes the different populations in a contemporary cohort that undergo sling excision and urethrolysis and their surgical outcomes.

Methods
Chart analysis was performed on patients assigned Current Procedural Terminology codes for removal or revision of sling for stress incontinence, urethrolysis, or revision of graft at our institution from 2010 to 2015. Demographics, indications, outcomes, and subsequent treatment were evaluated.

Results
A total of 110 patients underwent surgery and were included. Partial excision was performed on 82 patients and urethrolysis on 28 patients. About 32.7% had prior revision, and median length to revision was 3.1 years. Overall success was 75.0% for urethrolysis and 86.6% for partial excision. Without concomitant sling placement, stress incontinence developed in 25.0% of urethrolysis and 21.6% of partial excision patients. New onset overactive bladder symptoms developed in 21.4% of urethrolysis patients and 7.3% of partial excision, which was significantly different (P = 0.039).

Conclusions
Both approaches had good success, 75.0% for formal urethrolysis and 86.6% for partial excision. New onset urgency was lower for partial excision, but rates of all other complications were similar. These procedures are often used for different patient populations, and thus, outcomes are not meant to be directly compared. Future work on sling revision should report these procedures separately.
Defining Future Research Priorities in Donation and Organ and Stem Cell Transplantation With Patients, Families, Caregivers, Healthcare Providers and Researchers Within the Canadian National Transplant Research Program
Authors: Ballesteros Gallego Fabián , Martin Carolina , Allard Julie , Anthony Samantha J. , Dumez Vincent , Hartell David , Hébert Marie-Josée , Knoll Greg , West Lori J. , Wright Linda , Fortin Marie-Chantal 
Published: May 2018

Background
Patients, families, and caregivers have a unique understanding of the diseases they live with and provide care for every day. Their experience and expertise are important and should be taken into consideration when determining research priorities. The aim of this study was to gather the perspectives of Canadian patients, families, caregivers, researchers, and healthcare professionals on what research priorities were important to them in the field of organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and donation within the Canadian National Transplant Research Program (CNTRP).

Methods
The CNTRP developed a national consultation process, which included a Web-based survey and in-person workshop, to ascertain and validate the viewpoints of the Canadian donation and transplant community. The Web-based survey identified 3 principal research priorities (increasing donation, developing better antirejection drugs and developing tolerance), which were further refined and prioritized during the one-and-a-half day national workshop held in Toronto in November 2015.

Results
A total of 505 participants answered the Web-based survey, and 46 participants (28 patients, 12 researchers and 6 healthcare professionals) participated in the in-person workshop. Workshop participants ranked the following 2 priorities as the most important in the fields of donation, HCT, and solid organ transplantation: methods for developing a culture of donation (within healthcare organizations and throughout society); and methods for improving graft survival and antirejection therapy.

Conclusion
The CNTRP will use these results to prioritize future research projects and studies in donation, HCT, and solid organ transplantation in the years to come.
Formation and optical properties of metal/10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolone complexes in the interlayer spaces of magadiite by solid–solid reactions
Authors: Zhang Yifu , Gao Shengnan , Jiang Hanmei , Wang Qiushi , Cheng Yan , Zhu Jiang , Meng Changgong 
Published: May 2018

Intercalation and
in situ
formation of three fluorescent complexes, Al(III)-, Cr(III)- and Cu(II)-10-hydroxybenzo[h]quinolone (M-HBQ, M = Al, Cr and Cu), in the interlayer spaces of magadiite (mag) were studied by solid–solid reactions between metal ions exchanged mags (M-mag, M = Al, Cr and Cu) and HBQ. Results show that the basal spacings of the intercalated composites increase after the intercalation of HBQ into M-mags. The amount of HBQ in the intercalated compounds is different due to the amount of metal ions and the diversification of coordination ability of metal ions, and the order of the coordination ability of these three metal ions is Cu
2+
> Cr
3+
> Al
3+
. The amount of the metal cations in the interlayer of mag is enough for the
in situ
complex formation of M-HBQ complexes. The slight shift of the absorption and luminescence bands of the complexes suggests the different microstructures, including molecular packing of the complexes in the interlayer spaces of mags, resulting that the host–guest interactions are formed. These findings show that the intercalation and
in situ
formation of M-HBQ complexes (M = Al, Cr and Cu) in the interlayer space of mag are successfully achieved in the current work.
A systematic method for surveying data visualizations and a resulting genomic epidemiology visualization typology: GEViT
Authors: Crisan Anamaria , Gardy Jennifer L. , Munzner Tamara 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMotivation:Data visualization is an important tool for exploring and communicating findings from genomic and healthcare datasets. Yet, without a systematic way of organizing and describing the design space of data visualizations, researchers may not be aware of the breadth of possible visualization design choices or how to distinguish between good and bad options.Results:We have developed a method that systematically surveys data visualizations using the analysis of both text and images. Our method supports the construction of a visualization design space that is explorable along two axes:whythe visualization was created andhowit was constructed. We applied our method to a corpus of scientific research articles from infectious disease genomic epidemiology and derived a Genomic Epidemiology Visualization Typology (GEViT) that describes how visualizations were created from a series of chart types, combinations, and enhancements. We have also implemented an online gallery that allows others to explore our resulting design space of visualizations. Our results have important implications for visualization design and for researchers intending to develop or use data visualization tools. Finally, the method that we introduce is extensible to constructing visualizations design spaces across other research areas.Availability:Our browsable gallery is available athttp://gevit.netand all project code can be found athttps://github.com/amcrisan/gevitAnalysisRelease
Chlorosis as a developmental program in cyanobacteria: the proteomic fundament for survival and awakening
Authors: Spät Philipp , Klotz Alexander , Rexroth Sascha , Maček Boris , Forchhammer Karl 
Published: May 2018

SummaryCyanobacteria that do not fix atmospheric nitrogen gas survive prolonged periods of nitrogen starvation in a chlorotic, dormant state where cell growth and metabolism are arrested. Upon nutrient availability, these dormant cells return to vegetative growth within 2–3 days. This resuscitation process is highly orchestrated and relies on the stepwise re-installation and activation of essential cellular structures and functions. We have been investigating the transition to chlorosis and the return to vegetative growth as a simple model of a cellular developmental process and a fundamental survival strategy in biology. In the present study, we used quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics to describe the proteomic landscape of a dormant cyanobacterium and its dynamics during the transition to vegetative growth. We identified intriguing alterations in the set of ribosomal proteins, in RuBisCO components, in the abundance of central regulators and predicted metabolic enzymes. We found O-phosphorylation as an abundant protein modification in the chlorotic state, specifically of metabolic enzymes and proteins involved in photosynthesis. Non-degraded phycobiliproteins were hyperphosphorylated in the chlorotic state. We provide evidence that hyperphosphorylation of the terminal rod linker CpcD increases the lifespan of phycobiliproteins during chlorosis.
Privatisation rescues function following loss of cooperation
Authors: Andersen Sandra B. , Ghoul Melanie , Marvig Rasmus L. , Lee Zhuo-Bin , Molin Søren , Johansen Helle Krogh , Griffin Ashleigh S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA single cheating mutant can lead to the invasion and eventual eradication of cooperation from a population. Consequently, cheat invasion is often considered as “game over” in empirical and theoretical studies of cooperator-cheat dynamics, especially when cooperation is necessary for fulfilling an essential function. But is cheat invasion necessarily “game over” in nature? By following a population of bacteria through loss of cooperation and beyond, we observed that individuals evolved to replace cooperation with a selfish, or “private” behaviour. Specifically, we show that when cheating caused the loss of cooperative iron acquisition in a collection ofPseudomonas aeruginosaisolates from cystic fibrosis patients, a private uptake system that only benefits the focal individual was upregulated. This observation highlights the importance of social dynamics of natural populations and emphasizes the potential impact of past social interaction on the evolution of private traits.
Insights on the impact of mitochondrial organisation on bioenergetics in high-resolution computational models of cardiac cell architecture
Authors: Ghosh Shouryadipta , Tran Kenneth , Delbridge Lea M. D. , Hickey Anthony J. R. , Hanssen Eric , Crampin Edmund J. , Rajagopal Vijay 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent electron microscopy data have revealed that cardiac mitochondria are not arranged in crystalline columns, but are organised with several mitochondria aggregated into columns of varying sizes often spanning the cell cross-section. This raises the question - how does the mitochondrial arrangement affect the metabolite distributions within cardiomyocytes and their impact on force dynamics? Here we employed finite element modelling of cardiac bioenergetics, using computational meshes derived from electron microscope images, to address this question. Our results indicate that heterogeneous mitochondrial distributions can lead to significant spatial variation across the cell in concentrations of inorganic phosphate, creatine (Cr) and creatine phosphate (PCr). However, our model predicts that sufficient activity of the creatine kinase (CK) system, coupled with rapid diffusion of Cr and PCr, maintains near uniform ATP and ADP ratios across the cell cross sections. This homogenous distribution of ATP and ADP should also evenly distribute force production and twitch duration with contraction. These results suggest that the PCr shuttle, and associated enzymatic reactions, act to maintain uniform force dynamics in the cell despite the heterogeneous mitochondrial organization. However, our model also predicts that under hypoxia - activity of mitochondrial CK enzyme and diffusion of high-energy phosphate compounds may be insufficient to sustain uniform ATP/ADP distribution and hence force generation.
Complete diagnosis of leptospirosis in tropical reproductive cattle
Authors: Pacheco Sánchez Gabriela , Almeida de Lemos Fabio , Dos Santos Paixão-Marques Mirian , Alves-Martin Maria Fernanda , Maísa Guiraldin Lívia , Santos Wesley José , Baldini Lucheis Simone 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLeptospirosis is a worlwide zoonosis of great impact in both animal and public health. Bovine leptospirosis is commonly manifested by reproductive disorders, such as abortion, stillbirth and infertility; causing depletion of the economic balance of livestock farms, along with representing a health risk problem for farm workers. In view of these consequences, we aimed to evaluate the sanitary status of tropical cattle and their role as reproductive disseminators of leptospirosis. We analyzed blood and semen samples from 11 brazilian herds by three diagnostic methods -Culture, Microscopic Agglutination Test and Polymerase Chain Reaction. All animals were negative for bacteriological culture in Fletcher’s semisolid medium; 66% (264/400) animals were seropositive to at least one of 19 serovars (17 serogroups) ofLeptospiraspp. by MAT, given that 42.4% and 5.3% of animals presented titers against brazilians isolates Guaricura and Nupezo, respectively; furthermore, five animals were positive by PCR in blood and/or culture samples and three semen samples were positive by PCR (one of them also seropositive). These results highlight the coexistence of both disease's stages (acute and chronic) in the same environment, thus alert for venereal dissemination of leptospirosis, aggravating their sanitary condition and fomenting economic losses. We, authors, recommend the adoption of prophylactic measures, such as systemic vaccination, treatment of animals and improvement of hygienic-sanitary conditions.