bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of stereoelectroencephalography in pediatric focal epilepsy: a single-center experience
Authors: Goldstein Hannah E. , Youngerman Brett E. , Shao Belinda , Akman Cigdem I. , Mandel Arthur M. , McBrian Danielle K. , Riviello James J. , Sheth Sameer A. , McKhann Guy M. , Feldstein Neil A. 
Published: July 2018

OBJECTIVEPatients with medically refractory localization-related epilepsy (LRE) may be candidates for surgical intervention if the seizure onset zone (SOZ) can be well localized. Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) offers an attractive alternative to subdural grid and strip electrode implantation for seizure lateralization and localization; yet there are few series reporting the safety and efficacy of SEEG in pediatric patients.METHODSThe authors review their initial 3-year consecutive experience with SEEG in pediatric patients with LRE. SEEG coverage, SOZ localization, complications, and preliminary seizure outcomes following subsequent surgical treatments are assessed.RESULTSTwenty-five pediatric patients underwent 30 SEEG implantations, with a total of 342 electrodes placed. Ten had prior resections or ablations. Seven had no MRI abnormalities, and 8 had multiple lesions on MRI. Based on preimplantation hypotheses, 7 investigations were extratemporal (ET), 1 was only temporal-limbic (TL), and 22 were combined ET/TL investigations. Fourteen patients underwent bilateral investigations. On average, patients were monitored for 8 days postimplant (range 3–19 days). Nearly all patients were discharged home on the day following electrode explantation.There were no major complications. Minor complications included 1 electrode deflection into the subdural space, resulting in a minor asymptomatic extraaxial hemorrhage; and 1 in-house and 1 delayed electrode superficial scalp infection, both treated with local wound care and oral antibiotics.SEEG localized the hypothetical SOZ in 23 of 25 patients (92%). To date, 18 patients have undergone definitive surgical intervention. In 2 patients, SEEG localized the SOZ near eloquent cortex and subdural grids were used to further delineate the seizure focus relative to mapped motor function just prior to resection. At last follow-up (average 21 months), 8 of 15 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up (53%) were Engel class I, and an additional 6 patients (40%) were Engel class II or III. Only 1 patient was Engel class IV.CONCLUSIONSSEEG is a safe and effective technique for invasive SOZ localization in medically refractory LRE in the pediatric population. SEEG permits bilateral and multilobar investigations while avoiding large craniotomies. It is conducive to deep, 3D, and perilesional investigations, particularly in cases of prior resections. Patients who are not found to have focally localizable seizures are spared craniotomies.
Ergonomic Analysis of Dental Treatments Tasks: Discomfort Factor Identification and Impact on Body Regions
Authors: HANEFİOĞLU Müge , KORHAN Orhan 
Published: July 2018

Objectives: Dentistry
profession involves in prolonged static muscle loads, highly repetitive and
monotonous work, high force exertion or mechanical compression of tissues, and
using vibrated tools. Therefore dentists are exposed to work-related
musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), which results in costly health problems and
early retirements. This research aims to determine the risk factors of
musculoskeletal discomforts among dentists, and to identify the impact of the
dental tasks on the body regions during particular treatments.Materials
and Methods: A
questionnaire is created and fulfilled by 67 dentists from universities,
hospitals, and dental offices. Electromyography studies were applied on six
body regions of randomly selected three dentists during most common dental
treatments. Discriminant Analysis was applied to determine whether a set of
variables is effective in predicting category membership, and to identify
statistically significant factor(s) which contribute(s) formation of the
WRMSDs. ANOVA was utilized to analyze the results which were obtained from sEMG
experiment and to determine the risk factors of work related musculoskeletal
disorders. Results: The most common position
of the dentists while performing their profession was static and prolonged
sitting / standing position. Musculoskeletal discomforts were experienced
during the past 12 months in neck, hand / wrist, upper back, and shoulder
regions; and during the past 7 days in elbows, feet, hip, and wrist / hand
regions.

Conclusions: There is no significant
factor on dental filling therapy, tooth cleaning, fixed prosthodontics, and
removable prosthodontics treatments. However, body region is the only
significant factor on tooth extraction, endodontic and dental examination
treatments.
Pre-symptomatic targeted treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Farooqui M.A. , Elsayed Y.N. , Jeyaraman M.M. , Dingwall O. , Tagin M. , Zarychanski R. , Rabbani R. , Abou-Setta A.M. 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: A clinically significant patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in premature newborns. Symptomatic PDAs are often treated with prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors (PSI), but controversy remains if PSIs should also be used to manage early, asymptomatic PDAs. OBJECTIVE: To systematically identify, critically appraise, and evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacological management of pre-symptomatic PDA in preterm newborns after confirmed patency by echocardiography. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Search methods: We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley), from date of inception to February 2017. Supplemental searching was performed in Scopus and Web of Science to identify additional relevant citations. We also searched conference proceedings, reference lists of relevant articles and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). Selection criteria: We included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the use of indomethacin or ibuprofen to placebo for treatment of pre-symptomatic PDA in preterm newborns (<32 weeks gestational age and <1500gms). Data collection and analysis: Two reviewers independently selected trials, assessed risk of bias and extracted trial-level data. Outcomes are reported as risk ratios from random-effects models. Absolute risk reduction (ARR) is additionally reported for significant outcomes. We included seven trials (466 newborns). Targeted medical treatment did not significantly reduce mortality rates (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.43; ARR –2.38%, 95% CI –8.04% to 3.29%; I2 0% 6 studies; 442 newborns), but it did significantly reduce the overall incidence of developing symptomatic PDA (RR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.73; ARR –34.3%, 95% CI –50.8% to –17.8%; I2 0%; 3 studies; 97 newborns) compared to placebo. Other efficacy or safety outcomes were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Targeted medical treatment of pre-symptomatic PDA decreases the incidence of developing symptomatic PDA, but not neonatal mortality. Further studies are essential to confirm these results.
A CBCT series slice image segmentation method
Authors: Zheng Jia , Zhang Dinghua , Huang Kuidong , Sun Yuanxi 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: Images of industrial cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) contain noise and beam hardening artifacts, which induce difficulty and low precision in segmenting regions of interest. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to improve the segmentation precision of CBCT series slice images. METHODS: This paper presents a method based on the Phansalkar to segment CBCT series slice images precisely. First, the basics of the proposed method and the necessity of changing the local window size are analysed. The adaptive accumulated Phansalkar, which collects each pixel’s classification results in different local windows, is proposed. Second, the bimodal distribution of the histogram is used to calculate the appropriate local window size for each pixel adaptively. Third, the characteristics of the accumulated probability (the accumulated classification results divided by the accumulated times) are analysed, from which an adaptive method is applied to segment the accumulated probability. Last, experiments are conducted on CBCT series slice images of three workpieces and one computer-aided design (CAD) model with internal defects. RESULTS: The proposed new method can segment CBCT images with noise and beam-hardening well. Moreover, for the segmentation of all four CBCT series slice images, the new method acquired the highest BF and AOM scores (1 and 0.9981) with the smallest standard deviation (0.0013) as compared with other existing methods including CMF (continuous max-flow/min cut), MS (mean-shift), DRLSE (distance regularized level set evolution), and ARKFCM (adaptively regularized kernel-based fuzzy c-means clustering). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results support that our new method can more precisely segment CBCT series slice images with noise and artifacts than many existing methods. Thus, the new method has prospective application value and can provide valuable technical support for the industrial CBCT image post-processing system.
Geometry and energy constrained projection extension
Authors: Wang Qian , Sen Sharma Kriti , Yu Hengyong 
Published: July 2018

BACKGROUND: In clinical computed tomography (CT) applications, when a patient is obese or improperly positioned, the final tomographic scan is often partially truncated. Images directly reconstructed by the conventional reconstruction algorithms suffer from severe cupping and direct current bias artifacts. Moreover, the current methods for projection extension have limitations that preclude incorporation from clinical workflows, such as prohibitive computational time for iterative reconstruction, extra radiation dose, hardware modification, etc. METHOD: In this study, we first established a geometrical constraint and estimated the patient habitus using a modified scout configuration. Then, we established an energy constraint using the integral invariance of fan-beam projections. Two constraints were extracted from the existing CT scan process with minimal modification to the clinical workflows. Finally, we developed a novel dual-constraint based optimization model that can be rapidly solved for projection extrapolation and accurate local reconstruction. RESULTS: Both numerical phantom and realistic patient image simulations were performed, and the results confirmed the effectiveness of our proposed approach. CONCLUSION: We establish a dual-constraint-based optimization model and correspondingly develop an accurate extrapolation method for partially truncated projections. The proposed method can be readily integrated into the clinical workflow and efficiently solved by using a one-dimensional optimization algorithm. Moreover, it is robust for noisy cases with various truncations and can be further accelerated by GPU based parallel computing.
Origin of Metals around Galaxies. I. Catalogs of Metal-line Absorption Doublets from High-resolution Quasar Spectra
Authors: Mas-Ribas Lluís , Riemer-Sørensen Signe , Hennawi Joseph F. , Miralda-Escudé Jordi , O’Meara John M. , Pérez-Ràfols Ignasi , Murphy Michael T. , Webb John K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present the first paper of the series Origin of Metals around Galaxies, which aims to explore the origin of the metals observed in the circumgalactic and intergalactic media. In this work we extract and build catalogs of metal absorbers that will be used in future analyses, and make our results publicly available to the community. We design a fully automatic algorithm to search for absorption metal-line doublets of the species C iv, N v, Si iv, and Mg ii in high-resolution (R ≳ 30,000) quasar spectra without human intervention, and apply it to the high-resolution and signal-to-noise ratio spectra of 690 quasars, observed with the UVES and HIRES instruments. We obtain 5656 C iv doublets, 7919 doublets of Mg ii, 2258 of Si iv, and 239 of N v, constituting the largest high-resolution metal-doublet samples to date, and estimate the dependence of their completeness and purity on various doublet parameters such as equivalent width and redshift, using real and artificial quasar spectra. The catalogs include doublets with rest-frame line-equivalent widths down to a few mÅ, all detected at a significance above 3σ, and covering the redshifts between 1 < z ≲ 5, properties that make them useful for a wide range of chemical evolution studies.
Evolution of Galaxy Types and H i Gas Contents in Galaxy Groups
Authors: Ai Mei , Zhu Ming 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Using the group crossing time t
c as an age indicator for galaxy groups, we have investigated the correlation between t
c and the group spiral fraction, as well as between t
c and the neutral hydrogen gas fraction of galaxy groups. Our galaxy group sample is selected from the SDSS DR7 catalog, and the group spiral fraction is derived from the Galaxy Zoo morphological data set. We found that the group spiral galaxy fraction is correlated with the group crossing time. We further cross-matched the latest released ALFALFA 70% H i source catalog with the SDSS group catalog and have identified 172 groups from the SDSS survey whose total H i mass can be derived by summing up the H i mass of all the H i sources within the group radius. For the galaxies not detected in ALFALFA, we estimate their H i masses based on the galaxies’ optical colors and magnitudes. Our sample groups contain more than eight member galaxies, they cover a wide range of halo masses and are distributed in different cosmic environments. We derived the group H i mass fraction, which is the ratio of group H i mass to the group virial mass. We found a correlation between the H i mass fraction and the group crossing time. Our results suggest that long timescale mechanisms such as starvation seem to play a more important role than short timescale processes like stripping in depleting H i gas in the SDSS galaxy groups.
The Great War and International Law on War
Authors: Johnson James Turner 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
While much writing on the Great War centers on its destructiveness, less attention has been given to the steps taken over the half-century before that war to limit the destructiveness of warfare by positive international agreement, the early steps in the creation of a body of international law on warfare and armed conflict. Though some, if not all, of these early efforts failed during the Great War, that failure gave rise to renewed efforts in the 1920s and 1930s (before the beginning of World War II) to redefine, expand, and strengthen international agreements both on the resort to war and on the conduct of war. This article examines the story of the first eighty years in the creation of positive international law on war, dividing this story into three periods: before, during, and after the Great War. It concludes by reflecting on the historical and contemporary influences of religion on thinking about armed conflict.
Advertisement call ofBrachycephalus albolineatus(Anura: Brachycephalidae)
Authors: Bornschein Marcos R. , Ribeiro Luiz Fernando , Rollo Mario M. , Confetti André E. , Pie Marcio R. 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundBrachycephalusare among the smallest terrestrial vertebrates in the world. The genus encompasses 34 species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, occurring mostly in montane forests, with many species showing microendemic distributions to single mountaintops. It includes diurnal species living in the leaf litter and calling during the day, mainly during the warmer months of the year. The natural history of the vast majority of the species is unknown, such as their advertisement call, which has been described only for seven species of the genus. In the present study, we describe the advertisement call ofBrachycephalus albolineatus, a recently described microendemic species from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil.MethodsWe analyzed 34 advertisement calls from 20 individuals ofB. albolineatus, recorded between 5 and 6 February 2016 in the type locality of the species, Morro Boa Vista, on the border between the municipalities of Jaraguá do Sul and Massaranduba, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. We collected five individuals as vouchers (they are from the type series of the species). We used the note-centered approach to describe the advertisement calls of the species.ResultsB. albolineatushave a long advertisement call of 40–191 s (mean of 88 s) composed of 8–29 notes (mean of 17 notes) emitted at a rate of 6–18 notes per minute (mean of 11 notes per minute) and at a note dominant frequency of five to seven kHz (mean of six kHz). Advertisement calls are composed of isolated notes and note groups (two notes involved in each particular note group); the former is composed by one to three pulses (mean of 2.0) and the note groups by two or three pulses in each note (mean of 2.7). Most advertisement calls present both isolated notes and note groups, with a few cases showing only the former. Note groups are emitted invariably in the last third of the advertisement call. Most isolated notes escalate their number of pulses along the advertisement call (1–2, 1–3 or 2–3). Note duration of isolated notes varies from 0.002 to 0.037 s (mean of 0.020 s) and duration of note group vary from 0.360 to 0.578 s (mean of 0.465 s).DiscussionIndividuals increase the complexity of their calls as they proceed, incorporating note groups and pulses per note. Intra-individual variation analysis also demonstrated that less structured advertisement calls (i.e., with notes with fewer pulses) are not stereotyped. It is possible that isolated notes and note groups could have distinct functions, perhaps territorial defense and mating, respectively. We argue that using a note-centered approach facilitates comparisons with calls of congeners, as well as underscores the considerable differences in call structure between species in a single group and among species groups.
The influence of different deep-sea coral habitats on sediment macrofaunal community structure and function
Authors: Bourque Jill R. , Demopoulos Amanda W.J. 
Published: July 2018

Deep-sea corals can create a highly complex, three-dimensional structure that facilitates sediment accumulation and influences adjacent sediment environments through altered hydrodynamic regimes. Infaunal communities adjacent to different coral types, including reef-building scleractinian corals and individual colonies of octocorals, are known to exhibit higher macrofaunal densities and distinct community structure when compared to non-coral soft-sediment communities. However, the coral types have different morphologies, which may modify the adjacent sediment communities in discrete ways. Here we address: (1) how infaunal communities and their associated sediment geochemistry compare among deep-sea coral types (Lophelia pertusa, Madrepora oculata, and octocorals) and (2) do infaunal communities adjacent to coral habitats exhibit typical regional and depth-related patterns observed in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Sediment push cores were collected to assess diversity, composition, numerical abundance, and functional traits of macrofauna (>300 µm) across 450 kilometers in the GOM at depths ranging from 263–1,095 m. Macrofaunal density was highest in L. pertusa habitats, but similar between M. oculata and octocorals habitats. Density overall exhibited a unimodal relationship with depth, with maximum densities between 600 and 800 m. Diversity and evenness were highest in octocoral habitats; however, there was no relationship between diversity and depth. Infaunal assemblages and functional traits differed among coral habitats, with L. pertusa habitats the most distinct from both M. oculata and octocorals. These patterns could relate to differences in sediment geochemistry as L. pertusa habitats contained high organic carbon content but low proportions of mud compared to both M. oculata and octocoral habitats. Distance-based linear modeling revealed depth, mud content, and organic carbon as the primary factors in driving coral infaunal community structure, while geographic location (longitude) was the primary factor in functional trait composition, highlighting both the location and ecological differences of L. pertusa habitats from other coral habitats. Enhanced habitat structural complexity associated with L. pertusa and differences in localized hydrodynamic flow may contribute to the dissimilarities in the communities found among the coral types. Our results suggest a decoupling for infaunal coral communities from the typical depth-related density and diversity patterns present throughout soft-sediment habitats in the GOM, highlighting the importance of deep-sea corals in structuring unique communities in the nearby benthos.
MTA1 drives malignant progression and bone metastasis in prostate cancer
Authors: Kumar Avinash , Dhar Swati , Campanelli Gisella , Butt Nasir A. , Schallheim Jason M. , Gomez Christian R. , Levenson Anait S. 
Published: July 2018

Prostate cancer often metastasizes to the bone, leading to morbidity and mortality. While metastasis‐associated protein 1 (MTA1) is highly overexpressed in metastatic tumors and bone metastatic lesions, its exact role in the development of metastasis is unknown. Here, we report the role of MTA1 in prostate cancer progression and bone metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We found that MTA1 silencing diminished formation of bone metastases and impaired tumor growth in intracardiac and subcutaneous prostate cancer xenografts, respectively. This was attributed to reduced colony formation, invasion, and migration capabilities of MTA1 knockdown cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that MTA1 silencing led to a significant decrease in the expression of cathepsin B (CTSB), a cysteine protease critical for bone metastasis, with an expected increase in the levels of E‐cadherin in both cells and xenograft tumors. Moreover, meta‐analysis of clinical samples indicated a positive correlation between MTA1 and CTSB. Together, these results demonstrate the critical role of MTA1 as an upstream regulator of CTSB‐mediated events associated with cell invasiveness and raise the possibility that targeting MTA1/CTSB signaling in the tumor may prevent the development of bone metastasis in prostate cancer.
Structural and interaction analysis of the Rrp5 C‐terminal region
Authors: Pérébaskine Natacha , Thore Stéphane , Fribourg Sébastien 
Published: July 2018

Rrp5 is an essential factor during the ribosome biogenesis process. The protein contains a series of 12 S1 RNA‐binding domains followed by a TetratricoPeptide Repeat (TPR) domain. In the past, several studies aiming at defining the function of the TPR domain have used nonequivalent Rrp5 constructs, as these protein fragments include not only the TPR module, but also three or four S1 domains. We solved the structure of the Rrp5 TPR module and demonstrated in vitro that the TPR region alone does not bind RNA, while the three S1 domains preceding the TPR module can associate with homopolymeric RNA. Finally, we tested the association of our Rrp5 constructs with several proposed interactors, in support of cryo‐EM‐based models.CoordinatesAtomic coordinates and structure factors have been deposited to the Protein Data Bank under the accession number 5NLG.