bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BMP-Responsive Protease HtrA1 Is Differentially Expressed in Astrocytes and Regulates Astrocytic Development and Injury Response
Authors: Chen Jessie , Van Gulden Stephanie , McGuire Tammy L. , Fleming Andrew C. , Oka Chio , Kessler John A. , Peng Chian-Yu 
Published: February 2018

Astrocytes perform a wide array of physiological functions, including structural support, ion exchange, and neurotransmitter uptake. Despite this diversity, molecular markers that label subpopulations of astrocytes are limited, and mechanisms that generate distinct astrocyte subtypes remain unclear. Here we identified serine protease high temperature requirement A 1 (HtrA1), a bone morphogenetic protein 4 signaling regulated protein, as a novel marker of forebrain astrocytes, but not of neural stem cells, in adult mice of both sexes. Genetic deletion of HtrA1 during gliogenesis accelerates astrocyte differentiation. In addition, ablation of HtrA1 in cultured astrocytes leads to altered chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression and inhibition of neurite extension, along with elevated levels of transforming growth factor-β family proteins. Brain injury induces HtrA1 expression in reactive astrocytes, and loss of HtrA1 leads to an impairment in wound closure accompanied by increased proliferation of endothelial and immune cells. Our findings demonstrate that HtrA1 is differentially expressed in adult mouse forebrain astrocytes, and that HtrA1 plays important roles in astrocytic development and injury response.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstrocytes, an abundant cell type in the brain, perform a wide array of physiological functions. Although characterized as morphologically and functionally diverse, molecular markers that label astrocyte subtypes or signaling pathways that lead to their diversity remain limited. Here, after examining the expression profile of astrocytes generated in response to bone morphogenetic protein signaling, we identify high temperature requirement A 1 (HtrA1) as an astrocyte-specific marker that is differentially expressed in distinct adult mouse brain regions. HtrA1 is a serine protease that has been linked to cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, a small blood vessel disease in humans. Understanding the role of HtrA1 during development and after injury will provide insights into how distinct astrocyte populations are generated and their unique roles in injury and disease.
Challenge to Promote Change: The Neural Basis of the Contextual Interference Effect in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Pauwels Lisa , Chalavi Sima , Gooijers Jolien , Maes Celine , Albouy Geneviève , Sunaert Stefan , Swinnen Stephan P. 
Published: February 2018

Motor performance deteriorates with age. Hence, studying the effects of different training types on performance improvement is particularly important. Here, we investigated the neural correlates of the contextual interference (CI) effect in 32 young (YA; 16 female) and 28 older (OA; 12 female) human adults. Participants were randomly assigned to either a blocked or a random practice schedule, practiced three variations of a bimanual visuomotor task over 3 d, and were retested 6 d later. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired during the first and last training days and during retention. Although the overall performance level was lower in OA than YA, the typical CI effects were observed in both age groups, i.e., inferior performance during acquisition but superior performance during retention for random relative to blocked practice. At the neural level, blocked practice showed higher brain activity in motor-related brain regions compared with random practice across both age groups. However, although activity in these regions decreased with blocked practice in both age groups, it was either preserved (YA) or increased (OA) as a function of random practice. In contrast, random compared with blocked practice resulted in greater activations in visual processing regions across age groups. Interestingly, in OA, the more demanding random practice schedule triggered neuroplastic changes in areas of the default mode network, ultimately leading to better long-term retention. Our findings may have substantial implications for the optimization of practice schedules, and rehabilitation settings in particular.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn aging societies, it is critically important to understand how motor skills can be maintained or enhanced in older adults, with the ultimate goal to prolong functional independence. Here, we demonstrated that a more challenging random as opposed to a blocked practice environment temporarily reduced performance during the acquisition phase but resulted in lasting benefits for skill retention. In older adults, learning success was critically dependent on reduction of activation in areas of the default mode network, pointing to plastic functional changes in brain regions that are vulnerable to aging effects. The random practice context led to increased economy of brain activity and better skill retention. This provides new perspectives for reversing the negative consequences of aging.
Reliability of Tests for the Assessment of Balance, Coordination and Strength among Younger Preschool Children
Authors: Horvat Vatroslav , Bokor Igor , Palijaš Iva 
Published: February 2018

Abstract The aim of this research is to determine metric characteristics of tests for the assessment of balance, coordination and strength among younger preschool children. The sample of examinees consisted of 115 children aged four (+/- 6 months). The sample of variables was made up of 9 newly designed tests for the assessment of balance (MRUJN – longitudinal standing on one leg, MRPDN – transverse standing on two legs, MRUDN – longitudinal standing on two legs), of coordination (MKTL – running with ball, MKKČ – circle on all four, MKTČ – running to cones) and strength (MSČ15 – squats in 15 seconds), MSIM – medicine ball throw, MSSV – high jump). KS test was used to examine the normality of distributions. The reliability of measuring instruments was determined by Cronbach’s Alpha (α). Homogeneity was calculated by the average correlation between items (IIr). Sensitivity of the newly designed tests was assessed by the measures of skewness (Skew) and the level of kurtosis (Kurt) of the results, whereby factorial validity was determined by factor analysis. The results obtained indicate good metric characteristics of tests for the assessment of coordination (MKTL, MKKČ, MKTČ) and strength (MSSV). On the basis of the achieved results, one may conclude that it is possible to reliably measure coordination and explosive strength, such as jump, whereas the tests for assessing balance and other types of strength have to be more precisely defined, so satisfactory metric characteristics would be obtained in the repeated study. Key words: four-year-olds; metric characteristics; motor skills
Relation Between Body Composition and HRQOL in Primary School Children
Authors: Halasi Szabolcs , Lepeš Josip , Stajer Anita , Cvetković Milan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe dramatic rise in the prevalence of obesity in developed and in developing countries became a major health care concern. There is an increasing recognition of the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and obesity in the pediatric population. Subjective experience of own health, and how children see their own lives is also very important. Children with an increased amount of body fat have negative perception of the HRQOL than those who have normal amount of body fat.181 children participated in this study (mean age 7.71 (0.29) years, 88 girls). For the assessment of the body composition the InBody 230 device was used, while for the assessment of HRQOL the proxy version of KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire. The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between the body composition HRQOL in children of primary school age.The analysis of the results showed that BMI is in significant negative correlation with the two dimensions of HRQOL in boys (Psychological Well-being and School), while in girls there is no statistically significant relationship. The correlation between the Percentage of Body Fat (PBF) and HRQOL is significant and negative in boys in 4 dimensions (Physical Well-being, Psychological Well-being, Social Support & Peers, School), while in girls it is negative and significant only in one dimension (Physical Well-being).The results suggest that there are changes in the body composition of children, such as increased BMI and BFP, reduced HRQOL, i.e. the obesity is in inverse relationship to HRQOL.Keywords: body composition; HRQOL; primary school children.
Mística y poesía: una aproximación a la obra de Carlos Obregón (1929-1963)
Authors: Granja Hidrobo Daniel 
Published: February 2018

En este artículo se aborda la obra poética de Carlos Obregón (1929-1963), Distancia destruida (1957) y Estuario (1961), para confrontar la escasa crítica alrededor de su obra que lo ha rotulado con el calificativo de “poeta místico”, y tomar precisamente esta categoría analítica como punto de partida para esta investigación. Esto con el fin de demostrar que la poética obregoniana no es expresión de una experiencia mística, sino la afinidad que hay entre un místico por unirse a Dios y un poeta que aspira a la palabra unificadora entre el canto y el silencio.
Cartografías de violencia: centros, provincias y circulación transnacional en El ruido de las cosas al caer, de Juan Gabriel Vásquez
Authors: Henao Uribe Luis 
Published: February 2018

El ruido de las cosas al caer (2011), la exitosa novela de Juan Gabriel Vásquez, reproduce una cartografía discursiva que históricamente ha ordenado a Colombia según una relación centro-provincias, retomando los discursos liberales del siglo XIX sobre población y territorio. Esta división permite una lectura desde el mundo angloparlante que, si bien se aleja de aquella del realismo mágico, reproduce el imaginario de Latinoamérica como una región que oscila entre lo paradisíaco y lo salvaje, consecuente con las tendencias de traducción del momento.
Volver a La obra del sueño. Diálogo (y excursos) con Fernando Cruz Kronfly
Authors: Henao Jaramillo Simón 
Published: February 2018

A comienzos de junio del 2017, mientras hacía una estancia de investigación en Bogotá, contacté vía correo electrónico al escritor Fernando Cruz Kronfly, autor de novelas como Falleba, La ceniza del Libertador y Destierro, entre otras...
Causes of Education Wastage and Mitigation Strategies In Public Secondary Schools In Kitui Central Sub County In Kitui County, Kenya
Authors: Kaume-mwinzi Regina K. 
Published: February 2018

Education
is a vital tool in the developmental process of any given nation and therefore
a critical examination of any lack thereof is essential for it has a bearing at
both individual and national front. The
purpose of this study therefore was to investigate the causes of education
wastage and mitigation strategies in public secondary schools in Kitui central
sub county in Kitui County, Kenya. A
case study design was used and qualitative interviewing was used to gather
qualitative data. Quota sampling was
used to select boys, girls and mixed public secondary schools and further used
to select one school from each subgroup. Criterion purposive sampling was
used to select two students from the boys’ and girls’ schools sampled and
one boy and one girl from the sampled mixed public secondary
school. The sample size was six respondents: 3 boys and 3 girls. The
findings revealed that the causes of education wastage in public secondary
schools in Kitui central sub county in Kitui County, Kenya are pertinent issues
that need concerted effort of the education stakeholders in the region in order
to sort them out. The findings further
revealed that the mitigation strategies proposed are applicable and can
minimize education wastage
Examination of causes and Effects of Anxiety on Secondary School Students’ Poor Academic Performance in Mathematics
Authors: Sule Samuel Sardauna 
Published: February 2018

The
purpose of the study was to examine the causes of anxiety on secondary school
students’ academic performance in mathematics in Karu Local government Area of
Nasarawa State, Nigeria. It is incontrovertible that mathematics is seen as
difficult subject and as a situation that makes individual appears stupid and
dumb. Parents, teachers and some significant people are attributing factor to
this ugly experience. But sometimes, they indicate that mathematics skills are
very significant for future success. Survey research design was employed for
the study. In order to provide a focus in the study, two research questions
were stated. Students questionnaire was used to collect the data from the
sampled of one hundred and eighty students (180). Simple percentage analysis
was used to determine the percentage response. The result of analysis revealed
that student's poor performance in mathematics is militated by anxiety. It also
revealed that the students’ anxiety in mathematics was caused by mathematics
teachers, parents, boredom and learning difficulty, society, lack of adequate
resources, test and examination, lack of confidence towards mathematics,
altogether with students themselves. Therefore, some recommendations for
possible solution were made
Self-assessment of health-related quality of life in adults involved in regular physical activity
Authors: Dębska Małgorzata , Dębski Paweł , Miara Adrian 
Published: February 2018

WstępBadanie jakości życia związanej ze zdrowiem jest przejawem koncentracji współczesnych nauk medyczno-społecznych na działaniach profilaktycznych, związanych z promocją zdrowia. Badania takie uzupełniają obiektywne wskaźniki stanu zdrowia o charakterze medycznym o subiektywne odczucia osób badanych. Wyniki badań zaprezentowane w publikacjach z tego zakresu dotyczą głównie populacji osób chorych, u których rozpoznano stany chorobowe o różnej etiologii. W kontekście promocji zachowań zdrowotnych szczególnie istotne jest także badanie jakości życia osób zdrowych, zaangażowanych w kultywowanie aktywności fizycznej.Materiał i metodyBadaniami objęto 75 osób dorosłych (kobiety n = 24, mężczyźni n = 51), członków stowarzyszeń promujących rekreacyjną aktywność fizyczną z terenu Zagłębia Dąbrowskiego (osoby regularnie aktywne fizycznie). Jako narzędzie badawcze wykorzystano polską wersję kwestionariusza The Short Form Health Survey w wersji drugiej (SF-36v2).WynikiAspekt fizyczny jakości życia został oceniony mniej korzystnie (70,0 ± 5,0 pkt) od aspektu psychicznego (87,0 ± 14,9 pkt). Istotną statystycznie różnicę pomiędzy badanymi kobietami (61,0 ± 4,6 pkt) i mężczyznami (64,0 ± 3,3 pkt) zaobserwowano w podskali: „ograniczenia roli − problemy fizyczne”. Średnie wyniki samooceny jakości życia związanej ze zdrowiem członków badanych stowarzyszeń były wyższe od wartości średnich obserwowanych u dorosłych Polaków.WnioskiCzłonkowie stowarzyszeń promujących rekreacyjną aktywność fizyczną z terenu Zagłębia Dąbrowskiego prezentują wyższe średnie wyniki w zakresie jakości życia związanej ze zdrowiem od średnich wyników populacji polskiej. Wysoka ocena zdrowia psychicznego przez badanych może być związana z pozytywnym związkiem aktywności fizycznej z samopoczuciem, co wykazano w licznych badaniach. Członkowie stowarzyszeń nawiązują ze sobą relacje interpersonalne, co może sprzyjać wysokiej ocenie funkcjonowania społecznego.
ŞEHİR HASTANESİNDE HASTA MEMNUNİYETİ ARAŞTIRMASI: ISPARTA İLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: GÖKKAYA Durmuş , İZGÜDEN Dilruba , ERDEM Ramazan 
Published: February 2018

Hasta memnuniyeti,
sağlık kurumlarının önemli kalite ve performans göstergeleri arasında yer
almaktadır. Hasta memnuniyetinin sağlık kurumları açısından bu denli önemli
oluşu kavramı birçok çalışmaya konu yapmıştır. Sağlıkta Dönüşüm Programı
kapsamında sağlık sektöründe meydana gelen reformlardan biri de Şehir
Hastaneleri projesidir. Şehir hastaneleri, Kamu-Özel Ortaklığı modeliyle
finansmanı sağlanarak hayata geçirilmiştir. Bu geçiş sürecinden çalışanlar
kadar hastalar da etkilenmektedir. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın amacı Isparta Şehir
Hastanesinde hizmet alan hastaların memnuniyet düzeylerini tespit etmektir.
Aynı zamanda örnekleme dâhil edilen hastaların Devlet Hastanesi, Gülkent
Hastanesi ve Kadın Doğum ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Hastanesinin Isparta Şehir
Hastanesine dönüşmesine dair görüşlerinin belirlenmesi de bir diğer amaç olarak
ele alınmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında hasta memnuniyeti dört farklı boyutta,
fiziksel ortam, genel memnuniyet, personel memnuniyeti ve zaman boyutlarında
ele alınarak, hastaların memnuniyet düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Hastaların bu dört
boyut çerçevesinde hastaneden oldukça memnun oldukları tespit edilmiştir.
Özellikle şehir hastanesinde kullanılan araç gereçlerin kalitesi, muayene
odalarının rahatlığı, hijyen koşulların uygunluğu, hastanenin fiziki görünümü
ve ferahlığı hastaları memnun eden faktörler arasındadır. Diğer yandan hasta
memnuniyetini düşüren başlıca faktörler arasında şehir hastanesine ulaşım
sorunu, tıbbi sekreterlerin olmaması,
hastane içi karışıklık/büyüklük, hastane içi ulaşım, otopark ve kantin
vb. yer almaktadır.
Study of Temperature and Pressure Fall-Off during Shut-In and Slow-Down for SAGD Wells with Top Water
Authors: Wang Yong , Ferrise Alison , Huang Yinghui 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In in-situ oil sands operations using Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD), understanding the temperature and pressure responses during periods of shut-in and slow-down is crucial for effective steam chamber management. The corresponding operating strategy should be based on the temperature and pressure performance.
At Nexen’s Long Lake in-situ project, there are a number of pads with extensive top water in contact with the target bitumen interval. Along with the rest of the wells in operation at Long Lake, these SAGD wells have experienced several periods of shut-in and slow-down due to maintenance operations and other surface constraints. Surface and downhole sensors and other real-time monitoring technologies provide opportunities to monitor temperature and pressure during these time periods, which help to better understand the impact of surface activities on steam chamber development, particularly in areas with extensive top water present.
This paper presents the temperature and pressure responses over time at different elevations within the reservoir. It compares temperature and pressure responses for the wells with top water and without top water and 4D seismic is also integrated to analyze the causes for the different temperature and pressure responses. Review of the data shows that shut-in has a more significant impact on temperature and pressure in the steam chamber than slow-down. Wells with top water experience severe temperature drops while slow-down wells do not. After long periods of shut-in, areas with thicker top water may take additional time to heat up and reach steam conditions again, resulting in higher steam injection requirements. The collected data suggests that continuous steam injection is crucial to maintain steam chamber with top water.
Solvent Process for Reservoirs with Top Water
Authors: Sood Arun , Gupta Subodh 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
SAGD is an energy and emissions intensive process for bitumen recovery. The situation is worse for reservoirs with lean zones. Industry is looking for ways to make these projects more environmentally friendly and economic by reducing energy intensity and emissions. Previously we have shown that for reservoirs with top water, SAGD is a viable option. Active de-watering of the lean zone can be accomplished using fence wells and air injection, though some water would remain. A new process is presented in which vaporized solvent is used in such a way that it helps keep water ingression into the drainage chamber at bay.
The process is initiated as conventional SAGD. Once steam chamber breaches the de-watered lean zone, one of the previously drilled wells for de-watering is converted to solvent injection while steam injection is ceased. Solvent is injected as vapor at such a rate that it forms a gas blanket over the steam chamber and condenses further away due to cooler temperature in the lean zone. The combined effect of solvent injection pressure and an oil bank formedat the edges of the solvent blanket keep the water at bay. Within core of the vapor chamber, solvent vapor makes contact with cold bitumen, dissolves in the oleic phase and reduces its viscosity. The mobilized oil moves down to the producing well by gravity drainage.
Simulation results show that using propane as the solvent, energy consumption of the process will be reduced by 80% as compared to SAGD (which is still being optimized via simulations), while the average production rate is doubled. Past the SAGD phase, since no steam is injected and the condensed solvent bank is effective in blocking the lean zone water, produced water to oil ratio is very low. Once economic recovery is achieved, propane retained in the reservoir can be recovered by a variety of ways that are discussed in the paper.
The process described above can reduce the capital cost of a green field project by minimizing the water handling facility and significantly reduce the carbon footprint.
Measurement of Non-Equilibrium Solvent Release from Heavy Oil during Pressure Depletion
Authors: Bryan J. , Butron J. , Nickel E. , Kantzas A. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Cyclic solvent injection (CSI) is a promising technology for enhanced production of heavy oil in post-CHOPS (Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand) fields. The first stage of a CSI cycle involves the injection of solvent vapour, which re-energizes the reservoir and dissolves into oil, reducing its viscosity. The second stage of a CSI cycle involves dropping the pressure to flow the solvent-diluted oil back to the well. This is the solvent analog to cyclic steam stimulation (CSS). A key difference between solvent and steam is that the heat from steam stays in the oil even during production, while in solvent-diluted oil, if solvent comes out of solution as pressure drops, oil viscosity will increase again and one of the main benefits of the solvent will be lost. Solvent selection in CSI needs to consider which solvents have non-equilibrium properties, specifically delayed release during pressure depletion.
This study presents a set of low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests that were run on a 3,370 mPa·s viscosity heavy oil and several solvents: methane-propane and methane-CO2. NMR measures the relaxation rate of protons in the presence of magnetic fields. When fluid viscosity decreases, the fluid signal relaxes more slowly. A properly calibrated NMR model can be used to measure the viscosity of the liquid phase in a solvent-oil mixture as pressure drops and gas leaves solution. This approach does not require flow, and can also be used to measure the in-situ viscosity of oil in the sand.
Tests were run using methane-CO2 solvents with varying CO2 concentration to study the impact of live oil viscosity on the rate of solvent release. For lower initial live oil viscosity, the solvent is able to more quickly leave solution from the oil. Additional tests run using a methane-propane solvent demonstrate the impact of varying solvent type for the same initial solution viscosity. Both CO2 and propane show significant non-equilibrium solvent release during depletion.
Measurements of non-equilibrium solvent release from oil are an important piece in the understanding and modeling of heavy oil CSI. Equilibrium PVT data shows how different solvents can affect heavy oil systems, but the non-equilibrium solvent release is crucial for these solvents to work as recovery agents in the field. The results presented in this study provide useful data for CO2 and propane as potential CSI solvents, and help in the understanding of the role of viscosity vs. solvent type in the diluted oil response.