bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Human Anatomy Education: The Effects of a Gamified Creativity-Based Teaching Method on Students’ from Basic Psychological Needs Frustration
Authors: Latre-Navarro Lorena , Quintas-Hijós Alejandro , Sáez-Bondía María José 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccording to self-determination theory, frustration of basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness) leads to ill-being and negatively affects the learning process. The present study aimed to analyze the effects of a gamified creativity-based teaching method of human anatomy on basic psychological needs frustration compared with a conventional teaching method. A quasi-experimental design was employed, comparing two anatomy educational treatments (experimental and control) over a 7-week period. A total of 116 first-year students from two Spanish public universities was participated. The Basic Psychological Needs Frustration Scale was utilized, and pre- and post-treatment measurements were collected. Statistical analyses included independent samples t-tests, one-way ANCOVAs, and a factorial repeated measures ANCOVA 2 × 2 (time × treatment), comparing two groups based on time (baseline vs. follow-up) and treatment (control vs. experimental). The analysis revealed that the gamified creativity-based program achieved lower frustration of basic psychological needs compared to the control treatment (t (108) = 3.74, p < .001, d = 0.68) and a treatment effect was observed (F (1) = 9.06, p = .003, η2p = .083). Autonomy and competence frustration significantly increased in the control group, while apparently remained consistent over time in the treatment group. Baseline and follow-up significant differences were found for relatedness (t (114) = 1.12, p = .03, d = 0.4; t (110) = 2.88, p = .005, d = 0.53, respectively), as well as a treatment effect (F (1) = 7.28, p = .008, η2p = .069). These findings provide support for the idea that students’ basic psychological needs are lower frustrated with the implementation of a gamified creativity-based teaching method in anatomy education.
The role of social justice in triage revisited: a threshold conception
Authors: Holzer Felicitas , Biller-Andorno Nikola , Baumann Holger 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Saving as many lives as possible while ensuring equity for vulnerable groups through access to triage resources has been the dominant position since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. However, the exact relationship between the principles of social justice and efficiency remains a controversial and unresolved issue. In this paper, we aim to systematically distinguish between different models of this relationship and show that conceptualizing social justice as a ‘moral side-constraint’ or adopting a ‘balancing approach’ that attempt to reconcile social justice with efficiency inevitably lead to significant moral costs that require further justification. Based on this discussion, we propose a novel “threshold model” for trading-off moral costs. According to this model, the structural impact of triage must be considered in order to determine whether one opts for triage with the primary aim of efficiency or social justice. This contextualization further explains why, in some societies and circumstances, social justice can rightly be seen as the primary concern, while in other societies and circumstances, efficiency can be defended as the primary concern.
On the Torsion Function for Simply Connected, Open Sets in $$\mathbb {R}^2$$
Authors: van den Berg M. , Bucur D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFor an open set $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2$$

Ω
⊂

R

2

let $$\lambda (\Omega )$$

λ
(
Ω
)

denote the bottom of the spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian acting in $$L^2(\Omega )$$

L
2

(
Ω
)

. Let $$w_\Omega $$

w
Ω

be the torsion function for $$\Omega $$
Ω
, and let $$\Vert .\Vert _p$$

‖
.
‖

p

denote the $$L^p$$

L
p

norm. It is shown that there exist $$\eta _1>0,\eta _2>0$$

η
1

>
0
,

η
2

>
0

such that (i) $$\Vert w_{\Omega }\Vert _{\infty } \lambda (\Omega )\ge 1+\eta _1$$

‖

w
Ω

‖

∞

λ

(
Ω
)

≥
1
+

η
1

for any non-empty, open, simply connected set $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2$$

Ω
⊂

R

2

with $$\lambda (\Omega ) >0$$

λ
(
Ω
)
>
0

, (ii) $$\Vert w_{\Omega }\Vert _1\lambda (\Omega )\le {(1-\eta _2)}|\Omega |$$

‖

w
Ω

‖

1

λ

(
Ω
)

≤

(
1
-

η
2

)

|
Ω
|

for any non-empty, open, simply connected set $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2$$

Ω
⊂

R

2

with finite measure $$|\Omega |$$

|
Ω
|

.
A rating system to evaluate non-GAAP exclusion quality
Authors: Dechow Patricia M. , Loh Wei Ting , Wang Annika Yu 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe develop a rating system to evaluate the quality of individual non-GAAP exclusions. Our perspective is that high-quality exclusions reflect nonrecurring economic transactions, are transitory accounting adjustments, or have little usefulness in forecasting cash flows. We use four approaches to rate exclusions. We evaluate the serial correlation of the exclusion, survey accounting academics’ views, obtain practitioner ratings from the CFA Institute, and identify the exclusions approved by the Chinese securities regulator. A firm’s exclusion quality score is the weighted average rating of its individual exclusions. For our sample of S&P 500 firms, we document that exclusion quality varies by industry, captures trends in non-GAAP reporting, and is reasonably stable at the firm level. To validate the rating, we show that firms with lower exclusion quality scores receive more SEC comment letters, incur more Regulation G violations, exhibit greater analyst forecast dispersion, and have slower price discovery following earnings announcements.
Dynamic assessment of word learning as a predictor of vocabulary, reading comprehension and risk status for the poor comprehender reading profile
Authors: Nash Hannah , Dixon Chris , Clarke Paula , Oxley Emily , Gellert Anna Steenberg , Weighall Anna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe Poor Comprehender (PC) reading profile is characterised by difficulty comprehending text despite age-appropriate decoding skills. Risk for this profile is typically identified through static screening instruments measuring pre-existing knowledge, which may produce biased estimates for culturally and linguistically diverse children. In contrast, Dynamic Assessment (DA) measures potential to learn new knowledge and has been shown to reduce bias in screening. To date, however, DA has not been used to identify PC reading profile risk status. Adopting a longitudinal design, we used an adapted DA of word learning to measure growth in vocabulary and reading comprehension among a diverse sample of 322 primary school children (aged 9 years at the first time point) in England over a period of 16-19 months, and to classify later PC reading profile risk status. Two separate factor scores representing phonological and semantic aspects of word learning predicted unique variance in the growth of vocabulary knowledge and reading comprehension after accounting for traditional static predictors. The DA of word learning achieved excellent classification accuracy for identifying poor comprehenders, identifying all of the poor comprehenders with EAL when added to the static assessments. Results suggest that DA of word learning may be a promising tool in screening for the PC reading profile, particularly for EAL pupils, ensuring that the risk of reading comprehension difficulties does not go unidentified in such learners.
Language Proficiency, Second Language Educational Experience, and Psychological Well-being Among International Students at U.S. Universities
Authors: Yu Qiaona , Brunsting Nelson C. , Smart Jonathan , Bingham W. Patrick 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Study abroad comes with challenges, yet it is not clear how language proficiency may longitudinally predict students’ social engagement and well-being. Recent changes in international student demographics, including age decreases and increased international school backgrounds, may also affect students’ well-being. This study views language as a culturally specific symbolic tool that serves cognitive, social, and emotional interactions, both interpersonal and intrapersonal. By surveying 387 international students from 14 U.S. universities over 1.5 years, this study explored the role of English proficiency in facilitating students’ adaptability to psychosocial challenges and well-being. The findings suggested that both English proficiency and prior-to-admission second language educational experience predict well-being, while the latter may have afforded more nonacademic adjustment to international students’ continuous social engagement. In addition, the onset of social engagement and sense of belonging showed a likely importance which highlights the value of pre-study-abroad programming for facilitating international students’ continuous social engagement.
Science communicators, flat-earthers, or fitness coaches: who is citing scientific publications in youtube video descriptions?
Authors: Zagovora Olga , Weller Katrin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we undertake an extensive analysis of YouTube channels that reference research publications in their video descriptions, offering a unique insight into the intersection of digital media and academia. Our investigation focuses on identifying the actors behind YouTube channels that reference scholarly publications, and analyzing the types of content these actors share. Specifically we are interested in three principal aspects: the background of YouTube channel actors, their thematic focus, and the nature of their operational dynamics, specifically addressing whether they work individually or in groups. Our results highlight a strong emphasis on content related to science and engineering, as well as health, particularly in channels managed by individual researchers and academic institutions. However, there is a notable variation in the popularity of these channels, with professional YouTubers and commercial media entities often outperforming in terms of viewer engagement metrics like likes, comments, and views. This underscores the challenge academic channels face in attracting a wider audience. Further, we explore the role of academic actors on YouTube, scrutinizing their impact in disseminating research and the types of publications they reference. Despite a general inclination towards professional academic topics, these channels displayed a varied effectiveness in spotlighting highly cited research. Often, they referenced a wide array of publications, indicating a diverse but not necessarily impact-focused approach to content selection.
Limosilactobacillus reuteri B1/1 modulated the intestinal immune response in preventing Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 infection in a chicken ileal explant model
Authors: Karaffová Viera , Kiššová Zuzana , Tóthová Csilla , Tráj Patrik , Mackei Máté , Mátis Gábor 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this study, we observed the effect of the newly isolated probiotic strain Limosilactobacillus reuteri B1/1 on the relative gene expression of selected cytokines (interleukin-15, transforming growth factor-β4), tight junction proteins (E-cadherin, occludin), biomarker active intestinal stem cells - LGR5 (leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor), markers of mucosal intestinal immunity (mucin-2, immunoglobulin A), as well as the creation of a new biomarker of inflammation in the intestine - calprotectin on an ex vivo model of chicken ileal explant in the prevention of Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 infection. The ability of L. reuteri B1/1 to effectively modulate the mucosal immune response under pretreatment conditions in S. Enteritidis PT4 infection in a chicken ileal explant model was confirmed. In addition, our obtained results point to the fact that the new chicken ileum explant model could be a suitable model to investigate or test the influence of natural substances such as probiotic bacteria in the interaction with the intestine as well as pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, the results of our study may contribute to a deeper understanding of the action of newly isolated probiotic bacteria at the intestinal level using ex vivo models such as chicken ileum explant, which are able to mimic in vivo conditions sufficiently.
Reliable Evaluation of Attribution Maps in CNNs: A Perturbation-Based Approach
Authors: Nieradzik Lars , Stephani Henrike , Keuper Janis 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present an approach for evaluating attribution maps, which play a central role in interpreting the predictions of convolutional neural networks (CNNs). We show that the widely used insertion/deletion metrics are susceptible to distribution shifts that affect the reliability of the ranking. Our method proposes to replace pixel modifications with adversarial perturbations, which provides a more robust evaluation framework. By using smoothness and monotonicity measures, we illustrate the effectiveness of our approach in correcting distribution shifts. In addition, we conduct the most comprehensive quantitative and qualitative assessment of attribution maps to date. Introducing baseline attribution maps as sanity checks, we find that our metric is the only contender to pass all checks. Using Kendall’s $$\tau $$
τ
rank correlation coefficient, we show the increased consistency of our metric across 15 dataset-architecture combinations. Of the 16 attribution maps tested, our results clearly show SmoothGrad to be the best map currently available. This research makes an important contribution to the development of attribution maps by providing a reliable and consistent evaluation framework. To ensure reproducibility, we will provide the code along with our results.
Urban Environments, Health, and Environmental Sustainability: Findings From the SALURBAL Study
Authors: Diez Roux Ana V. , Alazraqui Marcio , Alfaro Tania , Barrientos-Gutierrez Tonatiuh , Caiaffa Waleska T. , Kroker-Lobos M. Fernanda , Miranda J. Jaime , Rodriguez Daniel , Sarmiento Olga Lucia , Vives Alejandra ,   SALURBAL Study
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite the relevance of cities and city policies for health, there has been limited examination of large numbers of cities aimed at characterizing urban health determinants and identifying effective policies. The relatively few comparative studies that exist include few cities in lower and middle income countries. The Salud Urbana en America Latina study (SALURBAL) was launched in 2017 to address this gap. The study has four aims: (1) to investigate social and physical environment factors associated with health differences across and within cities; (2) to document the health impact of urban policies and interventions; (3) to use systems approaches to better understand dynamics and identify opportunities for intervention and (4) to create a new dialogue about the drivers of health in cities and their policy implications and support action. Beyond these aims SALURBAL, has an overarching goal of supporting collaborative policy relevant research and capacity -building that engages individuals and institutions from across Latin America. In this review we provide an update on the SALURBAL data resource and collaborative approach and summarize key findings from the first aim of the study. We also describe key elements of our approach, challenges we have faced and how we have overcome them, and identify key opportunities to support policy relevant evidence generation in urban health for the future.
Identifying Demographic Trends in the Use of Audio-Video and Audio-Only Telehealth by Arizona Medicaid Beneficiaries Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hallur Shreyas , Salek Sara , Daulat Sohail , Garcia-Filion Pamela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
For the first time, our study tracked disparities in the utilization of audio-video and audio-only telehealth for outpatient visits before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Using a dataset of de-identified claims corresponding to telehealth and in-person visits, a retrospective cohort study was conducted for all beneficiaries continuously enrolled in Arizona Medicaid between October 2019 and November 2020. Our definition of telehealth only covered outpatient services delivered remotely via the audio-video or audio-only modality. Outcomes of interest were indicators of telehealth (vs. in-person) service delivery and audio-video (vs. audio-only) delivery of a telehealth service. Multivariate models evaluated the association between each outcome and demographic factors, including age, urban/rural location, sex, and race/ethnicity.

Results
In this cohort study of 1,799,537 beneficiaries, age over 75, male sex, Asian race, Black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and Native American race were associated with reduced odds of telehealth use for outpatient visits pre-pandemic. These deficits persisted for all groups except the Black race after the pandemic’s onset. Throughout the study period, older age and Native American race were correlated with greater audio-video use while Black race indicated reduced odds of audio-video use. Hispanic ethnicity indicated lower odds of audio-video use only during the pandemic. Rural members exhibited greater odds of both overall telehealth and audio-video use for outpatient visits prior to the pandemic but both trends reversed as a rural-urban divide emerged during the pandemic. Spearman correlations between broadband access and audio-video uptake yielded no significant results pre-pandemic but a strong correlation emerged during the pandemic.

Discussion
Pandemic-era telehealth expansions reduced but did not eliminate pre-existing disparities in telehealth and audio-video utilization for outpatient visits, indicating a need for health systems to better engage minority, elderly, and rural populations and continue to support audio-only telehealth.
Assessing Volumetric Energy Density as a Predictor of Defects in Laser Powder Bed Fusion 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Smith C. , Hommer G. , Keeler M. , Gockel J. , Findley K. , Brice C. , Clarke A. , Klemm-Toole J. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Minimizing porosity is a common challenge in powder bed fusion-laser bed (PBF-LB), so predictive modeling to enable parameter selection free of porosity is of great value. Porosity formation may occur through several mechanisms, include keyholing and lack of fusion. Volumetric energy density is often used in the literature to predict defect formation. However, volumetric energy density does not account for the various mechanisms by which porosity forms. In this work, nine LPBF parameter sets spanning variation in laser power, scanning velocity, and hatch spacing, all with the same volumetric energy density, are evaluated with 316L stainless steel. It was found that there are systematic variations in the type and amount of pores between these parameter sets that have the same volumetric density. We show that defect maps comprised of analytical models for defect formation can predict parameter sets with minimal porosity. A modified interpass lack-of-fusion (LOF) porosity criteria and a new spatter-induced intrapass LOF criteria are proposed to improve predictions at low laser powers and scanning velocities, and at high laser powers and scanning velocities, respectively. The results of this work are expected to help accelerate parameter selection for laser powder bed fusion 316L with minimal porosity defects.
A framework to minimize environments risks and to identify repurposing operations in the commercial aviation sector
Authors: Ortiz-Rangel Diana , Rocha-Lona Luis , Bada-Carbajal Lila Margarita , Garza-Reyes Jose Arturo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article proposes a risk management framework based on the Project Management Institute (PMI) risk management knowledge area to minimize threats in risk environments and identify repurposing operations in commercial aviation. The research method comprises three main steps: (i) the identification of repurposing and risk management methodologies applicable to commercial aviation through a literature review; (ii) the adaptation of the risk management framework for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); and (iii) a proposed framework for risk management. The developed framework identifies repurposing areas and highlights relative weaknesses that are overlooked in commercial aviation. Thus, it reduces the impact of risk environments such as pandemics, and it emphasizes the importance of considering previous historical events or lessons when generating strategies for new risk situations. Commercial aviation applies repurposing operations and promotes cooperation between supply chain actors in only a few areas. This article provides a methodology for subgroups of airlines and passengers, showing different effects between risk categories to benefit commercial aviation industry subgroups. Moreover, it contributes to risk management and decision-making in commercial aviation. The article’s proposed risk management framework identifies whether a risk environment is local, national, or global. It also allows us to reflect on the sectors involved in commercial aviation, and it recommends forming risk committees to jointly coordinate and monitor risks in order to generate global strategies and identify both areas for repurposing operations and the financial capacity needed to meet demand.
Peer assessment and individual contribution analysis for measuring collaborative problem solving capability
Authors: Song Min Hae , Park Jung Ae , Park Jooyong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccurately measuring collaborative problem-solving capability (CPSC) is not only important in itself, but also in order to develop education and training programs. However, most existing CPSC measurement tools have two weaknesses: not accounting for individual’s contribution to the final outcome and relying on predefined problems. Addressing these limitations, we extended criteria of the PISA 2015 framework to consider individual’s contribution to the final outcome, and introduced peer assessment. To test the validity of our proposition, we conducted a study with fifty-one participants, performing two tasks in different groups. We found a strong correlation between the existing CPSC score and our extended CPSC score. And extended CPSC scores from peers approximated extended CPSC scores from expert. Furthermore, extended CPSC scores from peers showed the consistency across different tasks and groups. These results suggest that our proposition can be used to measure CPSC while addressing two limitations.
One-Factor versus Two-Factor Theory of Delusion: Replies to Sullivan-Bissett and Noordhof
Authors: Nie Chenwei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractI would like to thank Sullivan-Bissett and Noordhof for their stimulating comments on my 2023 paper in Neuroethics. In this reply, I will (1) articulate some deeper disagreements that may underpin our disagreement on the nature of delusion, (2) clarify their misrepresentation of my previous arguments as a defence of the two-factor theory in particular, and (3) finally conduct a comparison between the Maherian one-factor theory and the two-factor theory, showing that the two-factor theory is better supported by evidence.