bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential impact of climate change on the geographical distribution of two wild vectors of Chagas disease in Chile: Mepraia spinolai and Mepraia gajardoi
Authors: Garrido Rubén , Bacigalupo Antonella , Peña-Gómez Francisco , Bustamante Ramiro O. , Cattan Pedro E. , Gorla David E. , Botto-Mahan Carezza 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundMepraia gajardoiandMepraia spinolaiare endemic triatomine vector species ofTrypanosoma cruzi, a parasite that causes Chagas disease. These vectors inhabit arid, semiarid and Mediterranean areas of Chile.Mepraia gajardoioccurs from 18° to 25°S, andM. spinolaifrom 26° to 34°S. Even though both species are involved inT. cruzitransmission in the Pacific side of the Southern Cone of South America, no study has modelled their distributions at a regional scale. Therefore, the aim of this study is to estimate the potential geographical distribution ofM. spinolaiandM. gajardoiunder current and future climate scenarios.MethodsWe used the Maxent algorithm to model the ecological niche ofM. spinolaiandM. gajardoi, estimating their potential distributions from current climate information and projecting their distributions to future climatic conditions under representative concentration pathways (RCP) 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios. Future predictions of suitability were constructed considering both higher and lower public health risk situations.ResultsThe current potential distributions of both species were broader than their known ranges. For both species, climate change projections for 2070 in RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 and 8.5 scenarios showed different results depending on the methodology used. The higher risk situation showed new suitable areas, but the lower risk situation modelled a net reduction in the future potential distribution areas ofM. spinolaiandM. gajardoi.ConclusionsThe suitable areas for both species may be greater than currently known, generating new challenges in terms of vector control and prevention. Under future climate conditions, these species could modify their potential geographical range. Preventive measures to avoid accidental human vectorial transmission by wild vectors ofT. cruzibecome critical considering the uncertainty of future suitable areas projected in this study.
Commentary: seclusion and mechanical restraint of psychiatric patients in Israel - an update
Authors: Kohn Yoav , Barash Igor , Lubin Gadi 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Recently, Miodownik et al. reported in this journal the results of a study on seclusion and mechanical restraint of psychiatric patients in Israel (Isr J Health Policy Res 8:9, 2019). The study was a retrospective examination over a year of one inpatient ward in a psychiatric hospital. They found negative associations between length of use of coercive measures and the diagnosis of schizophrenia, being single, and the presence of academic nurses. Positive associations were found between length of use of coercive measures and the use of antipsychotic medications, violence towards oneself, and the use of restraint compared to seclusion. Interesting and important as they are, these results were obtained from data gathered in 2014. As the authors note, since then there has been a dramatic change in the official policy of the Israeli Ministry of Health on this topic and in the practice of seclusion and mechanical restraint in Israel. This commentary reviews and comments on the current situation.
Profiling the unique protective properties of intracranial arterial endothelial cells
Authors: Hermkens Dorien M. A. , Stam Olga C. G. , de Wit Nienke M. , Fontijn Ruud D. , Jongejan Aldo , Moerland Perry D. , Mackaaij Claire , Waas Ingeborg S. E. , Daemen Mat J. A. P. , de Vries Helga E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCardiovascular disorders, like atherosclerosis and hypertension, are increasingly known to be associated with vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). In particular, intracranial atherosclerosis is one of the main causes of VCI, although plaque development occurs later in time and is structurally different compared to atherosclerosis in extracranial arteries. Recent data suggest that endothelial cells (ECs) that line the intracranial arteries may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects due to yet unidentified pathways. To gain insights into underlying mechanisms, we isolated post-mortem endothelial cells from both the intracranial basilar artery (BA) and the extracranial common carotid artery (CCA) from the same individual (total of 15 individuals) with laser capture microdissection. RNA sequencing revealed a distinct molecular signature of the two endothelial cell populations of which the most prominent ones were validated by means of qPCR. Our data reveal for the first time that intracranial artery ECs exert an immune quiescent phenotype. Secondly, genes known to be involved in the response of ECs to damage (inflammation, differentiation, adhesion, proliferation, permeability and oxidative stress) are differentially expressed in intracranial ECs compared to extracranial ECs. Finally, Desmoplakin (DSP) and Hop Homeobox (HOPX), two genes expressed at a higher level in intracranial ECs, and Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Beta Subunit 3 (SCN3B), a gene expressed at a lower level in intracranial ECs compared to extracranial ECs, were shown to be responsive to shear stress and/or hypoxia. With our data we present a set of intracranial-specific endothelial genes that may contribute to its protective phenotype, thereby supporting proper perfusion and consequently may preserve cognitive function. Deciphering the molecular regulation of the vascular bed in the brain may lead to the identification of novel potential intervention strategies to halt vascular associated disorders, such as atherosclerosis and vascular cognitive dysfunction.
Patient involvement in cardiovascular research: a qualitative impact evaluation
Authors: Vroonland Eva , Schalkers Inge , Bloemkolk Daphne , Dedding Christine 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Background & Objective
Involving patients in scientific research has been shown to improve the relevance of the research, as well as its quality and applicability. Harteraad, the Dutch patient organization for people with cardiovascular diseases, has a Committee of Experienced Experts (patients) advising researchers on the content of grant proposals prior to submission. Until now, the impact of the committee’s advice was unknown. This study, initiated by Harteraad, aimed to evaluate the impact of the provided advice on the content of grant proposals and investigate how to strengthen this impact.

Methods
Fourteen grant proposals both prior to and after receiving the committee’s advice were compared in order to analyse how the advice had been incorporated into the final proposal. Subsequently, 10 researchers who received the committee’s advice were interviewed. Moreover, a focus group discussion was conducted with five committee members.

Results
Document analysis showed that almost 40% of the advice was incorporated in the final grant proposals. Researchers made several changes to their proposals, such as increasing the extent of patient involvement throughout the research, use of simpler language, and/or adding information on the consequences of an intervention for patients. Advice requiring fundamental changes in the research design was most often not incorporated. This finding was confirmed by the interviewees, although some stressed to use the committee’s advice later on during the execution of the research. According to the interviewees and members of the committee, the impact of the committee’s advice could be strengthened in several ways, including 1) improving training/education for researchers and the committee, 2) organizing dialogues between patients and researchers, 3) aligning perspectives between funding bodies and patient organizations on what is expected from researchers, 4) making it obligatory for the researchers to clarify how the patient’s advice was incorporated, and 5) fostering researchers’ internal motivation for involvement. Committee members have contributed to implementing these recommendations.

Conclusion
The committee’s advice has considerable impact on the content of grant proposals. However, effort is required to increase the value that is currently attributed to patient involvement, and to support researchers in the required organizational and cultural changes to meaningfully involve patients in research.
Mental health in South East London general hospitals: using electronic patient records to explore associations between psychiatric diagnoses and length of stay in a patient cohort receiving liaison psychiatry input
Authors: Jones Abbeygail , Todman Helen , Husain Mujtaba 
Published: October 2019

Background
Psychiatric illnesses are prevalent in general hospitals and associated with length of stay (LOS). Liaison psychiatry teams provide psychiatric care in acute hospitals and can improve mental health-related outcomes but, to achieve ambitious policy targets, services must understand local need.

Aims
Using electronic patient records, we investigate associations between psychiatric diagnoses and LOS in South East London hospitals.

Method
Patient records were extracted using the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust Biomedical Research Centre Case Register Interactive Search system. There were 6378 admissions seen by liaison psychiatry aged <65 years between 2011 and 2016. Linear mixed-effects models investigated the impact of psychiatric diagnoses on LOS. Potential confounders included medical diagnoses, gender, age, ethnicity, social deprivation, hospital site and investment per admission.

Results
According to marginal means, longer LOS is associated with primary diagnoses of organic disorders (mean: 23 days, 95% CI 20.39–25.61), depressive disorders (mean: 11.03 days, 95% CI 9.74–25.61) and psychotic disorders (mean: 10.63 days, 95% CI 8.75–12.51). Shorter LOS is associated with personality disorders (mean: 6.28 days, 95% CI 4.12–8.45), bipolar affective disorders (mean 6.81 days, 95% CI 3.49–10.14) and substance-related problems (mean 7.53 days, 95% CI 6.01–9.05).

Conclusions
Psychiatric diagnoses have differential associations with in-patient LOS. Liaison psychiatry teams aim to mitigate the impact of psychiatric illness on patient and hospital outcomes but understanding local need and the wider context of care provision is needed to maximise potential benefits.

Declaration of interest
M.H. is a consultant liaison psychiatrist for King's College Hospital adult liaison psychiatry team. At the time of writing, H.T. was senior business manager at SLaM psychological medicine and integrated care clinical academic group. These may be considered financial and/or non-financial interests given the implications of findings for service funding.
Suicide risk among refugees compared with non-refugee migrants and the Swedish-born majority population
Authors: Hollander Anna-Clara , Pitman Alexandra , Sjöqvist Hugo , Lewis Glyn , Magnusson Cecilia , Kirkbride James B , Dalman Christina 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundIt has been hypothesised that refugees have an increased risk of suicide.AimsTo investigate whether risk of suicide is higher among refugees compared with non-refugee migrants from the same areas of origin and with the Swedish-born population, and to examine whether suicide rates among migrants converge to the Swedish-born population over time.MethodA population-based cohort design using linked national registers to follow 1 457 898 people born between 1 January 1970 and 31 December 1984, classified by migrant status as refugees, non-refugee migrants or Swedish-born. Participants were followed from their 16th birthday or date of arrival in Sweden until death, emigration or 31 December 2015, whichever came first. Cox regression models estimated adjusted hazard ratios for suicide by migrant status, controlling for age, gender, region of origin and income.ResultsThere were no significant differences in suicide risk between refugee and non-refugee migrants (hazard ratio 1.28, 95% CI 0.93–1.76) and both groups had a lower risk of suicide than Swedish born. During their first 5 years in Sweden no migrants died by suicide; however, after 21–31 years their suicide risk was equivalent to the Swedish-born population (hazard ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.79–1.22). After adjustment for income this risk was significantly lower for migrants than the Swedish-born population.ConclusionsBeing a refugee was not an additional risk factor for suicide. Our findings regarding temporal changes in suicide risk suggest that acculturation and socioeconomic deprivation may account for a convergence of suicide risk between migrants and the host population over time.Declaration of interestNone.
Effectiveness of a mobile health intervention on infant and young child feeding among children ≤ 24 months of age in rural Islamabad over six months duration
Authors: Akber Subhana , Mahmood Hana , Fatima Razia , Wali Ahmed , Alam Ashraful , Sheraz Syed Yahya , Yaqoob Aashifa , Najmi Hina , Abbasi Saleem , Mahmood Humaira , Dibley Michael J. , Hazir Tabish 
Published: October 2019

Background: Childhood development is highly influenced by feeding practices at infancy and young age of the children. Unfortunately, according to the National Nutrition Survey (2011), the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan was 21% at four months, and 13% at six months of age with 51.3% of mothers initiating semisolid foods to their children at the recommended 6-8 months of age. Pakistan Demographic & Health Survey (PDHS 2018) however; indicates that only 48% of infants are exclusively breastfed which has been improved from 38% as reported in the past five years but still more improvement is envisaged. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was employed for this post-intervention survey assessing effectiveness of mobile health (mhealth) regarding infant & young child feeding (IYCF) among pregnant and lactating mothers in Tarlai, Islamabad from May to June 2018. A total of 135 mothers who were earlier included in the intervention phase were recruited after obtaining verbal & written consent. The data was entered in EpiData (3.1) and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of these pregnant and lactating mothers was 30.5 years ± 4.5 SD with the majority of mothers in the age group of 25 to 29 years. After intervention, the overall knowledge of mothers regarding IYCF nutrition was raised among 94 mothers (69.6%) as compared to 74 (54.8%) mothers prior to the intervention. Overall attitude regarding IYCF was found to be positive among 86 (63.7%) of the mothers, whereas 88 (65.2%) of the mothers had good IYCF related practices. Conclusion: Our post-intervention survey signifies the effectiveness of mhealth in raising knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers regarding IYCF in rural Islamabad. However, implementation of mhealth in masses requires future research specifically to address cost-effectiveness of such interventions in maternal & child health programmes.
GeneDB and Wikidata
Authors: Manske Magnus , Böhme Ulrike , Püthe Christoph , Berriman Matt 
Published: October 2019

Publishing authoritative genomic annotation data, keeping it up to date, linking it to related information, and allowing community annotation is difficult and hard to support with limited resources. Here, we show how importing GeneDB annotation data into Wikidata allows for leveraging existing resources, integrating volunteer and scientific communities, and enriching the original information.
Head and neck cancer part 2: the patient journey
Authors: Hackett Stephanie , Jones Oliver , Chatzistavrianou Despoina , Newsum David 
Published: October 2019

This is the second paper in a three-part series to discuss head and neck cancer diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation. Following a confirmed diagnosis of head and neck cancer, patients will begin a long and often challenging pathway that will involve clinicians from a multidisciplinary team (MDT). This paper will summarize the role of individual MDT members involved in patient care, diagnostic and treatment phases for head and neck cancer and common side-effects encountered. By gaining an insight into this part of the patient's journey, dental practitioners should feel more comfortable and confident engaging in the care and support for head and neck cancer patients. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to provide readers with an insight into the journey that patients will undertake after being diagnosed with head and neck cancer.
Adaptive Mesh Refinement in 2D – An Efficient Implementation in Matlab
Authors: Funken Stefan A. , Schmidt Anja 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper deals with the efficient implementation of various adaptive mesh refinements in two dimensions in Matlab.
We give insights into different adaptive mesh refinement strategies allowing triangular and quadrilateral grids with and without hanging nodes.
Throughout, the focus is on an efficient implementation by utilization of reasonable data structure, use of Matlab built-in
functions and vectorization.
This paper shows the transition from theory to implementation in a clear way and thus is meant to serve educational purposes of how to implement a method while keeping the code as short as possible – an implementation of an efficient adaptive mesh refinement is possible within 71 lines of Matlab.
Numerical experiments underline the efficiency of the code and show the flexible deployment in different contexts where adaptive mesh refinement is in use.
Our implementation is accessible and easy-to-understand and thus considered to be a valuable tool in research and education.
Size Matters: The Impact of Training Size in Taxonomically-Enriched Word Embeddings
Authors: Maldonado Alfredo , Klubička Filip , Kelleher John 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWord embeddings trained on natural corpora (e.g., newspaper collections, Wikipedia or the Web) excel in capturing thematic similarity (“topical relatedness”) on word pairs such as ‘coffee’ and ‘cup’ or ’bus’ and ‘road’. However, they are less successful on pairs showing taxonomic similarity, like ‘cup’ and ‘mug’ (near synonyms) or ‘bus’ and ‘train’ (types of public transport). Moreover, purely taxonomy-based embeddings (e.g. those trained on a random-walk of WordNet’s structure) outperform natural-corpus embeddings in taxonomic similarity but underperform them in thematic similarity. Previous work suggests that performance gains in both types of similarity can be achieved by enriching natural-corpus embeddings with taxonomic information from taxonomies like Word-Net. This taxonomic enrichment can be done by combining natural-corpus embeddings with taxonomic embeddings (e.g. those trained on a random-walk of WordNet’s structure). This paper conducts a deep analysis of this assumption and shows that both the size of the natural corpus and of the random-walk coverage of the WordNet structure play a crucial role in the performance of combined (enriched) vectors in both similarity tasks. Specifically, we show that embeddings trained on medium-sized natural corpora benefit the most from taxonomic enrichment whilst embeddings trained on large natural corpora only benefit from this enrichment when evaluated on taxonomic similarity tasks. The implication of this is that care has to be taken in controlling the size of the natural corpus and the size of the random-walk used to train vectors. In addition, we find that, whilst the WordNet structure is finite and it is possible to fully traverse it in a single pass, the repetition of well-connected WordNet concepts in extended random-walks effectively reinforces taxonomic relations in the learned embeddings.
A Common Fixed Point Theorem Connected to a Result of V. Popa and H. K. Pathak
Authors: Akkouchi Mohamed 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for two pairs of weakly compatible self-mappings of a complete metric space without requiring continuity. Our result generalizes a theorem obtained by V. Popa and H. K. Pathak in 1998 and a result obtained by B. Fisher and S. Sessa in 1986.
Solution of a Nonclassical Problem of Oscillation of Two-Component Mixtures
Authors: Giorgashvili Levan , Skhvitaridze Ketevan 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A general representation of solutions by six metaharmonic functions is obtained for a system of homogeneous equations of oscillation of two-component mixtures. The boundary value problem of oscillation of two-component mixtures is investigated when the normal components of partial displacement vectors and the tangent components of partial rotation vectors are given on the boundary. Uniqueness theorems of the considered problem are proved. Solutions are obtained in terms of absolutely and uniformly convergent series.
Holomorphic Vector Bundles on Holomorphically Convex Complex Manifolds
Authors: Ballico Edoardo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Let 𝑋 be a holomorphically convex complex manifold and Exc(𝑋) ⊆ 𝑋 the union of all positive dimensional compact analytic subsets of 𝑋. We assume that Exc(𝑋) ≠ 𝑋 and 𝑋 is not a Stein manifold. Here we prove the existence of a holomorphic vector bundle 𝐸 on 𝑋 such that is not holomorphically trivial for every open neighborhood 𝑈 of Exc(𝑋) and every integer 𝑚 ≥ 0. Furthermore, we study the existence of holomorphic vector bundles on such a neighborhood 𝑈, which are not extendable across a 2-concave point of ∂(𝑈).
Remapping in Cerebral and Cerebellar Cortices Is Not Restricted by Somatotopy
Authors: Hahamy Avital , Makin Tamar R. 
Published: October 2019

A fundamental organizing principle in the somatosensory and motor systems is somatotopy, where specific body parts are represented separately and adjacently to other body parts, resulting in a body map. Different terminals of the sensorimotor network show varied somatotopic layouts, in which the relative position, distance, and overlap between body-part representations differ. Since somatotopy is best characterized in the primary somatosensory (S1) and motor (M1) cortices, these terminals have been the main focus of research on somatotopic remapping following loss of sensory input (e.g., arm amputation). Cortical remapping is generally considered to be driven by the layout of the underlying somatotopy, such that neighboring body-part representations tend to activate the deprived brain region. Here, we challenge the assumption that somatotopic layout restricts remapping, by comparing patterns of remapping in humans born without one hand (hereafter, one-handers,n= 26) across multiple terminals of the sensorimotor pathway. We first report that, in the cerebellum of one-handers, the deprived hand region represents multiple body parts. Importantly, the native representations of some of these body parts do not neighbor the deprived hand region. We further replicate our previous findings, showing a similar pattern of remapping in the deprived hand region of the cerebral cortex in one-handers. Finally, we report preliminary results of a similar remapping pattern in the putamen of one-handers. Since these three sensorimotor terminals (cerebellum, cerebrum, putamen) contain different somatotopic layouts, the parallel remapping they undergo demonstrates that the mere spatial layout of body-part representations may not exclusively dictate remapping in the sensorimotor systems.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen a hand is missing, the brain region that typically processes information from that hand may instead process information from other body parts, a phenomenon termed remapping. It is commonly thought that only body parts whose information is processed in regions neighboring the hand region could “take up” the resources of this now deprived region. Here we demonstrate that information from multiple body parts is processed in the hand regions of both the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. The native brain regions of these body parts have varying levels of overlap with the hand regions of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, and do not necessarily neighbor the hand regions. We therefore propose that proximity between brain regions does not limit brain remapping.