bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A 40-y record reveals gradual Antarctic sea ice increases followed by decreases at rates far exceeding the rates seen in the Arctic
Authors: Parkinson Claire L. 
Published: July 2019

Significance
A newly completed 40-y record of satellite observations is used to quantify changes in Antarctic sea ice coverage since the late 1970s. Sea ice spreads over vast areas and has major impacts on the rest of the climate system, reflecting solar radiation and restricting ocean/atmosphere exchanges. The satellite record reveals that a gradual, decades-long overall increase in Antarctic sea ice extents reversed in 2014, with subsequent rates of decrease in 2014–2017 far exceeding the more widely publicized decay rates experienced in the Arctic. The rapid decreases reduced the Antarctic sea ice extents to their lowest values in the 40-y record, both on a yearly average basis (record low in 2017) and on a monthly basis (record low in February 2017).
The phonological word in the Ningbo dialect
Authors: Lyu Xiang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the domain of the prosodic word in the Ningbo dialect. The goal of this paper is to provide a critical review of the studies on the prosodic word (PW) in various languages of the world, and to investigate the phonological phenomena within the domain formed by morpho-syntactic words in the Ningbo dialect as well as discussing the role that the prosodic word plays in the phonological rule application in the Ningbo dialect.This paper provides a complete survey on various types of morpho-syntactic formation in the Ningbo dialect as well as examining the application of phonological phenomena with reference to the different types of morpho-syntactic words. It will show that the lexical tone sandhi rule (LTS) applies within the domain formed by the major types of morpho-syntactic words in Ningbo dialect. However, pure phonological information may also affect the application of LTS.
Do speech registers differ in the predictability of words?
Authors: Bentum Martijn , ten Bosch Louis , van den Bosch Antal , Ernestus Mirjam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that language use can vary depending on the context of situation. The present paper extends this finding by comparing word predictability differences between 14 speech registers ranging from highly informal conversations to read-aloud books. We trained 14 statistical language models to compute register-specific word predictability and trained a register classifier on the perplexity score vector of the language models. The classifier distinguishes perfectly between samples from all speech registers and this result generalizes to unseen materials. We show that differences in vocabulary and sentence length cannot explain the speech register classifier’s performance. The combined results show that speech registers differ in word predictability.
Stability of hidden stories
Authors: Kuncewicz Dariusz , Kuncewicz Dorota , Kruszewski Wojciech 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe refer to the concept of the hidden story as a story about one’s own life, internalized in the mind and knowable “indirectly”, through a monologue and inference, using linguistic and literary theory tools. The aim of the study was to determine whether the hidden story thus reconstructed would be stable in time. A twenty-one-year-old woman was asked to deliver a ten-minute monologue on her upbringing. After two years the test was repeated. Both monologues were transcribed, analyzed and interpreted to isolate a hidden story from each of them. We reconstructed the earlier and later stories. Two threads: “rebellion” and “heritage” appeared in both stories, but they combined to form a more coherent narrative only in the later one. The “closeness with parents” thread, present in the earlier story, was replaced with the “marital love” thread. The character and pattern of the changes illustrate changes that result from developmental factors.
Narrative assessments with first grade Spanish-English emergent bilinguals
Authors: Lucero Audrey , Uchikoshi Yuuko 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study used qualitative analyses to investigate similarities and differences in narrative production across two task conditions for four first grade Spanish-English emergent bilingual children. Task conditions were spontaneous story generation and retelling using the same story. Spanish stories from two children were compared on the basis of similarity in vocabulary, while English stories from two children were compared on the basis of similarity in overall discourse skills. Results show that when the total number of words used was similar across Spanish narratives, the retell included more different words and higher quality story structure than the spontaneous story. When overall discourse scores in the English examples were similar, the spontaneous story required more words than the retell, but also included more central events and greater detail. Yet, the retell included more advanced narrative components. This study contributes to our understanding of narrative skills in young Spanish-English bilinguals across task conditions.
Digital storytelling
Authors: Barrett Ashley K. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper extends Pentland and Feldman’s (2007) narrative network
method and uses it to more clearly understand how new technology affordances and digital spaces impact storytelling and enactment
during and immediately after a crisis. To do this, I (a) examine the meaningful roles human motivation and feelings play in online
storytelling and enactment, and (b) analyze how context impacts storytelling and enactment, and therefore the construction of
narrative networks. Specifically, I analyze a series of Facebook messages exchanged during a recent, very publicized campus crisis
to reveal the nonlinear digital stories that are co-constructed online to keep others informed. I demonstrate how crisis-affected
populations capitalize on the affordances offered by social media to enact stories, correct stories, and ultimately to aid in
sensemaking and sense-giving after a crisis event. Implications of new technology affordances for creating and updating narratives
throughout times of high uncertainty are provided.
With and without Zanzibar
Authors: Piazza Roberta 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper explores discursive narratives as inextricably linked to the construction of identity, place and history by a number of interviewed individuals. From an interactional sociolinguistics (cf.De Fina & Georgakopoulou, 2012) perspective, the study explores the context of the East African diaspora (Georgiou, 2006;Manger & Assal, 2006among many others) as the interviewed participants are all Zanzibar-born individuals for whom the relationship with the island and its history is crucial to their construction of selfhood. The study analyses the narrative voices (De Fina & Georgakopolou, 2008) of those individuals who decided to leave Zanzibar at the time of the 1964 violent political upheaval never to return and those who, on the contrary, decided to go back after a lengthy period abroad. However, more than establishing a division between these two groups, the paper highlights how these individuals take a different positioning (Bamberg, 1997) towards Zanzibar and its history and construct a range of identities in the context of the interview.
Phage therapy administered noninvasively could be effective in thin tubes subject to episodic flow despite washout: a simulation study
Authors: Blanco Celia , Chen Irene A 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Bacteriophages (phages) have been proposed as candidates for the treatment of bacterial infections in light of emerging antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. Bacterial growth within thin tubes is a particular concern, such as in urinary tract infections and colonization of catheters. However, it is not clear whether phage administration to the urinary tract or in catheters could be effective in the context of flow to the outside (i.e. voiding or saline flush). Here, we adapt a previous model of phage infection to a thin tube geometry mimicking the spatial organization of the urinary tract, including bacterial motility and episodic flow during which phages are washed out of the system. We show that density-dependent dynamics permit propagation of the phage infection and that washout has little effect on the timing of bacterial clearance. In addition, instillation of phage at the bottom ~0.1 mm of the tract is effective in our computational model, suggesting that therapeutic phage introduced non-invasively could be efficacious in such situations.
Mechanical properties of a G/h-BN heterobilayer nanosheets coupled by interlayer sp3 bonds and defects
Authors: Fan Lei , Yao Wenjuan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The mechanical properties of graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (G/h-BN) heterobilayer nanosheets coupled by interlayer sp3 bonds and defects have been investigated by using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. For this purpose, interlayer sp3 bonds and two kinds of geometric imperfection (including rhombus and square nanopore) are formed in the G/h-BN heterobilayer nanosheets. The effects of adding the nanopore diameter, interlayer sp3 bonds fraction, and the influence of different position of geometric imperfection in heterobilayer nanostructure on mechanical properties have been investigated. The result shows that when sp3 bonds and nanopore coexist, the mechanical properties of defective graphene layer are higher than that of defective hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) layer. Meanwhile, the negative effect of rhomboid nanohole on mechanical properties of heterostructure is weaker than that of square nanohole. It is observed that that interlayer sp3 bonds have greatest influence on the fracture strain of G/h-BN heterobilayer nanostructure, followed by fracture stress, and finally Young’s modulus. Another important point is that interlayer sp3 bonds can be regarded as a special defect, and its value seems to outweigh the intrinsic defects.
Development of a community–academic collaborative pharmacy residency program
Authors: Mnatzaganian Christina L , Morello Candis M , Sarino Lord , Kuo Grace M 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purpose
To describe the development of a collaborative community–academic postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency program in San Diego that provides a hybrid experience of opportunities in community practice, ambulatory care, and teaching.

Summary
Residency training programs are being developed to better match the evolving role of the community pharmacist. In 2016, the University of California San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences partnered with Ralphs Pharmacy, a division of the Kroger Co., to launch a 1-year community residency to develop community-based pharmacists with diverse patient care, leadership, and education skills. Learning experiences include pharmacy operations, clinical services focusing on chronic disease management and education, teaching, and practice-based research. Training settings include community pharmacy, corporate pharmacy, ambulatory care, and academia. Graduates are prepared to work in these settings as well as capitalize on advanced training opportunities, including postgraduate year 2 residencies and professional certifications. The program has been successfully accredited, and graduates have completed the program: one completed a postgraduate year 2 residency, and both have obtained a management or clinical pharmacist position.

Conclusion
An innovative community—academic residency program preparing postgraduate year 1 learners for careers in community-based pharmacy, corporate, ambulatory care, and academic settings was developed, with positive preliminary outcomes.
Cisatracurium dosing in a patient with hyperthermia
Authors: Lim Jin , Cox Jenna , Nguyen Thai , Arya Rohan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purpose
A case report involving varying cisatracurium dosing requirements in a hyperthermic patient undergoing prone ventilation who subsequently received active cooling as part of targeted temperature management is presented.

Summary
Cisatracurium is known to be primarily metabolized via pH- and temperature-dependent Hofmann elimination. Previous reports in the literature described cases of decreased dosing requirements for both cisatracurium and its parent compound, atracurium, for patients in hypothermic states. While augmented atracurium dosing requirements in hyperthermic states have been reported, a literature search found no such reports concerning cisatracurium administration. In the case described here, a patient was initiated on cisatracurium for treatment of symptoms suggestive of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and septic shock. An initial dosing requirement of 12 µg/kg/min (adjusted to a goal of 2–4 twitches per train-of-four monitoring) was needed to achieve adequate paralysis while the patient remained hyperthermic (a bladder temperature of 40.1°C). This cisatracurium infusion rate exceeded maximum reported and maximum institutional infusion rates (10 µg/kg/min). After initiation of cooling and lowering of the bladder temperature to 37.8°C, the cisatracurium rate requirement decreased to 5 µg/kg/min.

Conclusion
A hyperthermic patient thought to have ARDS and septic shock required a high rate of cisatracurium infusion for adequate paralysis during mechanical ventilation. The cisatracurium did not appear to cause prolonged neuromuscular blockade.
ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings: Monitoring and patient education—2018
Authors: Pedersen Craig A , Schneider Philip J , Ganio Michael C , Scheckelhoff Douglas J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Purpose
The results of the 2018 ASHP national survey of pharmacy practice in hospital settings are presented.

Methods
Pharmacy directors at 4,897 general and children’s medical–surgical hospitals in the United States were surveyed using a mixed-mode method of contact by mail and email. Survey completion was online using Qualtrics. IMS Health supplied data on hospital characteristics; the survey sample was drawn from IMS’s hospital database.

Results
The response rate was 16.6%. The percentage of hospitals that routinely have pharmacists assigned to provide drug therapy management has increased. Transitions-of-care processes have generally increased over the last 6 years. The percentage of hospitals with pharmacists in a wide variety of clinic types and clinical practice areas has increased over the last 2 years. Opioid stewardship programs are emerging in many U.S. hospitals, with pharmacists participating or taking the lead in program implementation. Outsourcing of compounded sterile product preparation is common. The proportion of hospitals not using any technology when compounding sterile preparations has declined. Pharmacy departments commonly track and monitor trends for administrative, operational, quality, and outcome metrics.

Conclusion
Pharmacists continue to improve drug therapy monitoring for patients in U.S. hospitals. They are also responding to public health issues related to medication use. These advancements include taking an active role in opioid stewardship programs, safe compounding of sterile medications for patients, and reducing the need for hospital-based care.
Genetic divergence outpaces phenotypic evolution among threespine stickleback populations in old freshwater habitats
Authors: Currey Mark C , Bassham Susan L , Cresko William A 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSpecies such as threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) that inhabit divergent selective environments and that have diversified on different time scales can be of value for understanding evolutionary processes. Here we synthesize high-resolution genotypic and phenotypic data to explore a largely unstudied distribution of threespine stickleback populations living in oceanic and freshwater habitats along coastal and inland regions of Oregon. Many inland aquatic habitats of Oregon remained unglaciated during the last ice age, meaning that some extant Oregon lake and river stickleback may have descended from freshwater populations established long before more well-studied, post-glacial freshwater populations. To address the degree of congruence between genetic and phenotypic divergence, we directly compared Oregon stickleback to much younger (post-glacial) Alaskan populations. We found phenotypic variation in Oregon stickleback to be primarily partitioned between oceanic and freshwater habitats, as has been documented in other stickleback systems. However, the main axis of genetic divergence was between coastal and inland regions regardless of habitat type. Furthermore, when comparing patterns between Oregon and Alaska we found similar levels of phenotypic divergence, but much greater genetic divergence among Oregon’s populations. The Oregon stickleback system therefore appears well suited for future studies linking genotypic and phenotypic change, further extending the utility of this small fish to provide general insights into evolutionary processes.
Historical biogeography of a Brazilian lineage of Tillandsioideae (subtribe Vrieseinae, Bromeliaceae): the Paranaean Sea hypothesized as the main vicariant event
Authors: Kessous Igor M , Neves Beatriz , Couto Dayvid R , Paixão-Souza Bruno , Pederneiras Leandro C , Moura Ricardo L , Barfuss Michael H J , Salgueiro Fabiano , Costa Andrea F 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Subtribe Vrieseinae comprise four genera, Alcantarea, Stigmatodon, Vriesea s.s. and Waltillia, encompassing c. 20% of species in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae), almost all of which are exclusive to Brazil. Here, we explore the biogeographic history of Vrieseinae, sampling 21 of the 22 genera of Tillandsioideae (130 terminals) and three DNA sequence markers (two plastid: rps16-trnK and matK; one nuclear: PHYC). We inferred a dated phylogeny and the ancestral areas of this lineage through RASP (reconstruct ancestral state in phylogeny) analyses. Vrieseinae were recovered as monophyletic, but tribe Vrieseeae (subtribe Vrieseinae + subtribe Cipuropsidinae) were not. A vicariant event between the Andes and Brazilian Shield probably occurred c. 10 Mya, when two clades, Cipuropsidineae + Tillandsieae and Vrieseineae, diverged. The Atlantic Forest plus the Chacoan region is recognized as the ancestral area for Vrieseinae. The results confirmed the recent origin of genera of Vrieseinae, with estimated crown ages in the Pliocene (5.3–2.6 Mya). We propose that the Paranaean Sea influenced the divergence of the main clades; Pleistocene events were probably responsible for the diversification of the most recent clades. This study sheds light on the biogeographic history of a key group of Neotropical plants, providing a new hypothesis for the evolution of bromeliads.
Industrial policy, place and democracy
Authors: Bailey David , Coffey Dan , Gavris Maria , Thornley Carole 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Industrial policy is a potential vehicle for more participative and democratic forms of policy formation. But in Britain an ademocratic policy culture is transforming into an undemocratic one. This article explores the roots of this in major sea changes in the industrial policy climate of Western Europe, where non-discriminatory and aspatial policy stances are now giving way under pressure to openly discriminatory policies aimed at favoured industries or locations. The British case is contrasted with France, Germany and Italy, and their variety of responses. It is proposed that an extended notion of ‘place’ offers a basis for social dialogue.
Outward FDI and Domestic Input Distortions: Evidence from Chinese Firms
Authors: Chen Cheng , Tian Wei , Yu Miaojie 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We examine how domestic distortions affect firms’ production strategies abroad by documenting two puzzling findings using Chinese firm-level data of manufacturing firms. First, private multinational corporations (MNCs) are less productive than state-owned MNCs, but they are more productive than state-owned enterprises overall. Second, there are disproportionately fewer state-owned MNCs than private MNCs. We build a model to rationalise these findings by showing that discrimination against private firms domestically incentivises them to produce abroad. The model shows that selection reversal is more pronounced in industries with more severe discrimination against private firms, which receives empirical support.
Antibiotic Use in Childhood and Adolescence and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Case–Control Study in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Troelsen Frederikke Schønfeldt , Jick Susan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) causes serious morbidity and disability, and the incidence is increasing. The disease etiology is not well understood, though inflammatory reactions after antibiotic exposure may be associated with development of IBD. We investigated the association between IBD and prior antibiotic use.

Methods
We conducted this case–control study among individuals in the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD (CPRD GOLD). Each case of IBD was matched to 4 controls on age, sex, general practice, and registration year in the CPRD GOLD. Antibiotic exposure was classified by ever or never use, number of prescriptions, and class of antibiotic before the index date. Odds ratios were calculated using conditional logistic regression.

Results
We identified 461 cases of ulcerative colitis (UC) and 683 cases of Crohn’s disease (CD). There was no association between ever use of any antibiotic and UC (odds ratio [OR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–1.44) or CD (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.73–1.39) compared with never use. A slightly increased CD risk was observed among ever users of quinolones (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.00–3.11) and metronidazole (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.87–2.34) compared with never users. CD was associated with antibiotic exposure before age 5 (OR, 2.20; 95% CI, 0.75–6.43) in an analysis restricted to individuals followed from birth.

Conclusions
There was no association between UC or CD and overall prior use of antibiotics, though prior use of metronidazole and quinolones was associated with a slightly increased risk of CD. Antibiotic use in early childhood may increase the risk of CD.