bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and Risk Taking in Sports: A Focus on Unintentional and Intentional Head Impacts in Amateur Soccer Players
Authors: Levitch Cara F. , Ifrah Chloe , Kim Mimi , Stewart Walter F. , Lipton Richard B. , Zimmerman Molly E. , Lipton Michael L. 
Published: June 2018

Objective:
In soccer, unintentional and intentional (heading) head impacts are associated with concussive symptoms and cognitive dysfunction. We examined whether personality traits were associated with these behaviors in soccer players.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting and Participants:
Participants completed study visits at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. A total of 307 adult amateur soccer players, recruited from New York City and the surrounding area, completed 737 HeadCount-2w questionnaires.

Predictor Variables:
Personality traits (intellect/imagination, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) were assessed with the Mini-International Personality Item Pool questionnaire at the baseline study visit.

Main Outcome Measures:
Participants completed an online questionnaire (HeadCount-2w) to ascertain frequency of intentional head impacts and occurrence of unintentional head impacts every 3 to 6 months. Generalized estimating equations repeated-measures regressions determined whether personality predicted unintentional and intentional impacts.

Results:
Personality traits were not associated with unintentional head impact(s) or frequency of intentional head impacts.

Conclusions:
These findings have important clinical implications, suggesting that personality is not driving the association between high levels of unintentional and intentional head impacts and worse neuropsychological functioning and concussive symptoms.
Reliability of Objective Eye-Tracking Measures Among Healthy Adolescent Athletes
Authors: Howell David R. , Brilliant Anna N. , Master Christina L. , Meehan William P. 
Published: June 2018

Objective:To determine the test–retest correlation of an objective eye-tracking device among uninjured youth athletes.Design:Repeated-measures study.Setting:Sports-medicine clinic.Participants:Healthy youth athletes (mean age = 14.6 ± 2.2 years; 39% women) completed a brief, automated, and objective eye-tracking assessment.Independent variables:Participants completed the eye-tracking assessment at 2 different testing sessions.Main outcome measures:During the assessment, participants watched a 220-second video clip while it moved around a computer monitor in a clockwise direction as an eye tracker recorded eye movements. We obtained 13 eye movement outcome variables and assessed correlations between the assessments made at the 2 time points using Spearman's Rho (rs).Results:Thirty-one participants completed the eye-tracking evaluation at 2 time points [median = 7 (interquartile range = 6–9) days between tests]. No significant differences in outcomes were found between the 2 testing times. Several eye movement variables demonstrated moderate to moderately high test–retest reliability. Combined eye conjugacy metric (BOX score, rs= 0.529,P= 0.008), the variance of the ratio for both eye movements in the horizontal (rs= 0.497,P= 0.013) and vertical (rs= 0.446;P= 0.029) movement planes along the top/bottom of the computer screen, and the variance of the left and right eye movement along the bottom segment of the computer screen (rs= 0.565;P= 0.004) each demonstrated moderate between-test correlations.Conclusions:Automated and quantitative eye movement and conjugacy metrics provide relatively stable measurements among a group of healthy youth athletes. Thus, their inclusion as a visual tracking metric may be complementary to other visual examination techniques when monitoring concussion recovery across time.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Relationships Between Social Support and Health-Related Quality of Life in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Liang Yongchun , Wang Haifang , Niu Meie , Zhu Xiaming , Cai Jianzheng , Wang Xiubei 
Published: June 2018

Background
The correlation between social support and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has been well documented, but whether social support changes or whether social support consistently plays a significant role in the various phases of the treatment process remains unknown among hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to assess the changing trends of HRQOL and social support and evaluate the relationship between HRQOL and social support before and after transplantation.

Methods
Measures were completed by 122 HSCT patients before and after transplantation. The measures administered included the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Bone Marrow Transplant questionnaire.

Results
The social support score presented a marked downward trend (F = 17.090, P < .001). The overall HRQOL was the lowest, 103.61 (SD, 19.14) at 1 month and increased steadily over time to 108.10 (SD, 19.58) at 3 months and 110.02 (SD, 18.00) at 6 months after HSCT. The generalized estimating equation models showed that social support consistently had a positive impact on HRQOL in the 6-month period post-HSCT.

Conclusion
We confirmed a significant positive association between social support and HRQOL in HSCT recipients. However, it is noteworthy that the social support score declined during the 6-month period even while the HRQOL scores were increasing.

Implications for Practice
Social support is closely related to the HRQOL; thus, clinicians should give close attention to social support to improve the HRQOL of HSCT patients. Social support should not be overlooked during the first 6 months after transplantation.
From Challenges to Resources
Authors: Lie Nataskja-Elena Kersting , Solvang Per Koren , Hauken May Aasebø 
Published: June 2018

Background
Cancer coordinators (CCs) operate at both patient and system levels in order to provide patients with tailored and coordinated services. In common with international CCs, Norwegian CCs denote notable progress in their patient-focused work, while reporting ongoing challenges in carrying out system-focused tasks. However, little is known about the barriers and facilitators for CCs' system-level work.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore Norwegian CCs' experiences of barriers and facilitators for enacting system-focused tasks.

Methods
The study applies a qualitative method, conducting an interpretative data inquiry of semistructured in-depth interviews with 26 Norwegian CCs. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and discussed in light of previous research and salutogenic theory.

Results
The analyses revealed 3 main themes: (1) “understanding the role and local cancer care,” (2) “systems for care delivery in primary healthcare,” and (3) “commitment to collaboration.” Where present, the themes could represent important facilitators, whereas their absence could depict notable challenges to CCs system-focused work. Over time, as CCs were able to mobilize resources, they were able to gradually turn initial challenges into facilitators in the context of system-level work.

Conclusions
Cancer coordinators encounter cognitive, practical, and relational topics that impact their system-focused activities. Adopting a salutogenic focus can help CCs mobilize resources needed to turn challenges into facilitators for system-level work.

Implications for Practice
Cancer care coordination cannot be undertaken by CCs alone. Cancer coordinators' embedding in multidisciplinary teams, common systems for care provision, meaningful work relations, and professionals' commitment to cancer care represent important facilitators for CCs' system-focused tasks.
Pain and Catastrophizing in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cohen Ezra M. , Edwards Robert R. , Bingham Clifton O. , Phillips Kristine , Bolster Marcy B. , Moreland Larry W. , Neogi Tuhina , Marder Wendy , Wohlfahrt Alyssa , Clauw Daniel , Lee Yvonne C. 
Published: June 2018

Background
The aims of this study were to define changes in catastrophizing that occur with initiation of a new disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and to examine the relationship between changes in Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and changes in catastrophizing.

Methods
Participants in an ongoing multisite, observational study completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) before and 12 weeks after DMARD initiation. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine the association between changes in CDAI as the exposure and change in pain catastrophizing as the outcome. We also assessed the relationship between changes in each component of CDAI and change in PCS, using multivariable linear regression models.

Results
Among the 165 rheumatoid arthritis patients with data on CDAI at both time points, CDAI decreased from 22 to 11.5 on a 76-point scale (p < 0.0001) after 12 weeks. Pain intensity decreased from a median of 5 to 3 on a 10-point numeric rating scale (p < 0.0001), and catastrophizing decreased, from 16.0 to 12.0 on the 52-point PCS (p = 0.0005). Among the 163 with complete data for the regression analysis, changes in CDAI were positively correlated with changes in catastrophizing (standardized β = 0.19, p = 0.01). Of the components of the CDAI, change in assessor global score was most strongly associated with changes in catastrophizing (standardized β = 0.24, p = 0.003).

Conclusions
Pain catastrophizing decreases, in conjunction with disease activity, after initiation of a new DMARD. These findings provide support for catastrophizing as a dynamic construct that can be altered with treatment directed at decreasing inflammatory disease activity and pain.
Effect of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Solution on Bacterial Load and Biofilm in Venous Leg Ulcers
Authors: Borges Eline Lima , Frison Susiane Sucasas , Honorato-Sampaio Kinulpe , Guedes Antônio Carlos Martins , Lima Vera Lúcia de Araújo Nogueira , Oliveira Olga Maria Medeiros de , Ferraz Aidê Ferreira , Tyrone Ana Carolina 
Published: June 2018

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) solution as a wound cleanser on bacterial load and bacterial biofilm in venous leg ulcers.

DESIGN:
Randomized controlled trial.

SUBJECTS AND SETTING:
The target population was adults attending the dermatology outpatient clinic of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sample comprised 44 patients with venous leg ulcers recruited over a 6-month period.

METHODS:
Participants were divided into 2 groups: the intervention group had their wounds cleansed with PHMB, and the control group had their wound cleansed with a 0.9% saline solution. Tissue fragments of the wounds were collected for bacteriological analysis; transmission electron microscopy was used to identify the presence of biofilm.

RESULTS:
The bacterial load was reduced in both groups compared to baseline values; no significant difference was found when groups were compared. Correlation analysis between wound duration (months), wound area (cm²), necrosis (%), variables, and bacterial count (colony forming units [CFUs]/g) after cleansing showed a significant relationship between area of the wound and CFUs/g (P = .0070, r = 0.51). Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of bacterial biofilm in the wounds after cleansing with both solutions.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this study indicate that both PHMB and saline solution are effective in reducing the bacterial load in venous leg ulcers. However, bacterial biofilm was present after cleansing with both solutions. These findings provide important evidence regarding effectiveness of 2 common wound cleansers on bacterial presence in wounds.
Efficient single-copy HDR by 5’ modified long dsDNA donors
Authors: Gutierrez-Triana Jose Arturo , Tavhelidse Tinatini , Thumberger Thomas , Thomas Isabelle , Wittbrodt Beate , Kellner Tanja , Anlas Kerim , Tsingos Erika , Wittbrodt Joachim 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTCRISPR/Cas9 efficiently induces targeted mutations via non-homologous-end-joining but for genome editing, precise, homology-directed repair (HDR) of endogenous DNA stretches is a prerequisite. To favor HDR, many approaches interfere with the repair machinery or manipulate Cas9 itself. Using Medaka we show that the modification of 5’ ends of long dsDNA donors strongly enhances HDR, favors efficient single-copy integration by retaining a monomeric donor conformation thus facilitating successful gene replacement or tagging.
Dynamic Prediction During Perception of Everyday Events
Authors: Eisenberg Michelle L. , Zacks Jeffrey M. , Flores Shaney 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe ability to predict what is going to happen in the near future is integral for daily functioning. Previous research suggests that predictability varies over time, with increases in prediction error at those moments that people perceive as boundaries between meaningful events. These moments also tend to be points of rapid change in the environment. Eye tracking provides a method for continuous measurement of prediction as participants watch a movie of an actor performing a series of actions. In two studies, we used eye tracking to study the time course of prediction around event boundaries. In both studies, viewers looked at objects that were about to be touched by the actor shortly before the objects were contacted, demonstrating predictive looking. However, this behavior was modulated by event boundaries: looks to to-be-contacted objects near event boundaries were less likely to be early and more likely to be late, compared to looks to objects contacted within events. This result is consistent with theories proposing that event segmentation results from transient increases in prediction error.Significance StatementThe ability to predict what will happen in the near future is integral for adaptive functioning, and although there has been extensive research on predictive processing, the dynamics of prediction at the second by second level during the perception of naturalistic activity has never been explored. The current studies therefore describe results from a novel task, the Predictive Looking at Action Task (PLAT) that can be used to investigate the dynamics of predictive processing. Demonstrating the utility of this task to investigate predictive processing, this task was applied to study the predictions made by Event Segmentation Theory, which suggests that people experience event boundaries at times of change and unpredictability in the environment. The results of these studies are of interest to communities investigating the dynamic comprehension and segmentation of naturalistic events and to communities studying visual perception of naturalistic activity.
Plasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells are not part of the long-lived memory response
Authors: Pérez-Mazliah Damián , Gardner Peter J. , Schweighoffer Edina , McLaughlin Sarah , Hosking Caroline , Tumwine Irene , Davis Randall S. , Potocnik Alexandre J. , Tybulewicz Victor , Langhorne Jean 
Published: June 2018

SUMMARYA subset of atypical memory B cells accumulates in malaria and several infections, autoimmune disorders and aging in both humans and mice. It has been suggested these cells are exhausted long-lived memory B cells, and their accumulation may contribute to poor acquisition of long-lasting immunity to certain chronic infections, such as malaria and HIV. Here, we generated an immunoglobulin heavy chain knock-in mouse with a BCR that recognizes MSP1 of the rodent malaria parasite,Plasmodium chabaudi. In combination with a mosquito-initiatedP. chabaudiinfection, we show thatPlasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells are short-lived and disappear upon natural resolution of chronic infection. These cells show features of activation, proliferation, DNA replication, and plasmablasts. Our data demonstrate thatPlasmodium-specific atypical memory B cells are not a subset of long-lived memory B cells, but rather short-lived activated cells, and part of a physiologic ongoing B-cell response.
DeepTACT: predicting high-resolution chromatin contacts via bootstrapping deep learning
Authors: Li Wenran , Wong Wing Hung , Jiang Rui 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh-resolution interactions among regulatory elements are of crucial importance for the understanding of transcriptional regulation and the interpretation of disease mechanism. Hi-C technique allows the genome-wide detection of chromatin contacts. However, unless extremely deep sequencing is performed on a very large number of input cells, current Hi-C experiments do not have high enough resolution to resolve contacts among regulatory elements. Here, we develop DeepTACT, a bootstrapping deep learning model, to integrate genome sequences and chromatin accessibility data for the prediction of chromatin contacts among regulatory elements. In tests based on promoter capture Hi-C data, DeepTACT is seen to offer improved resolution over existing methods. DeepTACT analysis also identifies a class of hub promoters, which are active across cell lines, enriched in housekeeping genes, functionally related to fundamental biological processes, and capable of reflecting cell similarity. Finally, the utility of high-resolution chromatin contact information in the study of human diseases is illustrated by the association of IFNA2 and IFNA1 to coronary artery disease via an integrative analysis of GWAS data and high-resolution contacts inferred by DeepTACT.
Wolbachiamodifies thermal preference inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Truitt Amy M. , Kapun Martin , Kaur Rupinder , Miller Wolfgang J. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEnvironmental variation can have profound and direct effects on fitness, fecundity, and host symbiont interactions. Replication rates of microbes within arthropod hosts, for example, are correlated with incubation temperature but less is known about the influence of host-symbiont dynamics on environmental preference. Hence, we conducted thermal preference (Tp) assays and tested if infection status and genetic variation in endosymbiont bacteriumWolbachiaaffected temperature choice ofDrosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that isogenic flies infected withWolbachiapreferred lower temperatures compared to uninfectedDrosophila. Moreover,Tpvaried with respect to three investigatedWolbachiavariants (wMel,wMelCS andwMelPop). While uninfected individuals preferred 24.4°C, we found significant shifts of - 1.2°C inwMel- and −4°C in flies infected either withwMelCS orwMelPop. We, therefore, postulate thatWolbachia-associatedTpvariation within a host species might represent a behavioral accommodation to host-symbiont interactions and trigger behavioral self-medication and bacterial titer regulation by the host.
Evolution of specialization in heterogeneous environments: equilibrium between selection, mutation and migration
Authors: Mirrahimi Sepideh , Gandon Sylvain 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdaptation in spatially heterogeneous environments results from the balance between local selection, mutation and migration. We study the interplay among these different evolutionary forces and demography in a classical two habitat scenario with asexual reproduction. We develop a new theoretical approach that fills a gap between the restrictive assumptions of Adaptive Dynamics and Quantitative Genetics. This analysis yields more accurate predictions of the equilibrium phenotypic distribution in different habitats. We examine the evolutionary equilibrium under general conditions where demography and selection may be non-symmetric between the two habitats. In particular we show how migration may increase differentiation in a source-sink scenario. We discuss the implications of these analytic results for the adaptation of organisms with large mutation rates such as RNA viruses.
Optimal data-driven parameterization of coiled coils
Authors: Guzenko Dmytro , Strelkov Sergei V. 
Published: June 2018

Abstractα-helical coiled coils (CCs) represent an important, highly regular protein folding motif. To date, many thousands of CC structures have been determined experimentally. Their geometry is usually modelled by theoretical equations introduced by F. Crick that involve a predefined set of parameters. Here we have addressed the problem of efficient CC parameterization from scratch by performing a statistical evaluation of all available CC structures. The procedure is based on the principal component analysis and yields a minimal set of independent parameters that provide for the reconstruction of the complete CC structure at a required precision. The approach is successfully validated on a set of canonical parallel CC dimers. Its applications include all cases where an efficient sampling of the CC geometry is important, such as for solving the phase problem in crystallography.
DeepImpute: an accurate, fast and scalable deep neural network method to impute single-cell RNA-Seq data
Authors: Arisdakessian Cedric , Poirion Olivier , Yunits Breck , Zhu Xun , Garmire Lana X. 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundSingle-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers new opportunities to study gene expression of tens of thousands of single cells simultaneously. However, a significant problem of current scRNA-seq data is the large fractions of missing values or “dropouts” in gene counts. Incorrect handling of dropouts may affect downstream bioinformatics analysis. As the number of scRNA-seq datasets grows drastically, it is crucial to have accurate and efficient imputation methods to handle these dropouts.MethodsWe present DeepImpute, a deep neural network based imputation algorithm. The architecture of DeepImpute efficiently uses dropout layers and loss functions to learn patterns in the data, allowing for accurate imputation.ResultsOverall DeepImpute yields better accuracy than other publicly available scRNA-Seq imputation methods on experimental data, as measured by mean squared error or Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Moreover, its efficient implementation provides significantly higher performance over the other methods as dataset size increases. Additionally, as a machine learning method, DeepImpute allows to use a subset of data to train the model and save even more computing time, without much sacrifice on the prediction accuracy.ConclusionsDeepImpute is an accurate, fast and scalable imputation tool that is suited to handle the ever increasing volume of scRNA-seq data. The package is freely available at https://github.com/lanagarmire/DeepImpute