Abstract 3767: Characterization of the protumorigenic role of MSLN in peritoneal metastases in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Avula Leela Rani , Rudloff Michael , El-Behaedi Salma , Arons Danielle , Zhang Xianyu , Alewine Christine 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Peritoneal metastases develop in 70-80% of nonresectable patients with pancreatic cancer, and the onset of clinically significant ascites is associated with rapid demise. Mesothelin (MSLN) is a GPI-linked cell-surface glycoprotein expressed in &gt;90% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) but not in healthy pancreas nor in the parenchyma of other vital organs. Due to this differential expression, multiple therapeutics targeting MSLN have already reached clinic. Overexpression of MSLN has been implicated in increased aggressiveness of PDAC, both in laboratory models and in patients. Here, we have used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing to delete MSLN from the KLM-1 pancreatic cancer cell line (MSLN KO) and have examined the growth of these cells in culture and in nude mice compared to mock deleted cells (WT). The cells were also transduced to express GFP/Luciferase(Luc) in order to allow for monitoring of tumor by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in the mouse intraperitoneal (IP) cavity. MSLN KO and WT cells grew at the same rate in culture and as subcutaneous xenografts in nude mice. But when cells were inoculated IP, KO cells grew poorly compared to WT cells or did not grow at all. When MSLN KO cells grew, visible tumors were located primarily at the inoculation site. In contrast, WT cells grew extensive metastases throughout the IP cavity. GFP/Luc+ tumor cells adhered to the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum could be detected by BLI and histology as early as 24h post IP injections. By 72h, the MSLN KO tumors had significantly decreased microvascular density as determined by CD31 staining, lower metastatic dissemination and growth as detected by BLI and H&E staining, and decreased proliferation as determined by Ki67 quantification. These differences were maintained even at timepoints out to 2 weeks. Our results suggest that MSLN might enhance peritoneal carcinomatosis of PDAC by positively regulating vascular remodeling/angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation within the IP cavity. The mechanism of MSLN action has been previously ascribed to activation of MAPK or NF-kB pathways or signaling through MUC16, the only known binding partner of MSLN. However, we found no changes in phosphorylated p38 or ERK, nor in total levels of the NF-kB target OCT-2 upon KO of MSLN expression. Since we also observed protumorigenic effect of MSLN in a MUC16 deficient pancreatic cancer cell line, it is unlikely that MUC16 is responsible for the protumorigenic activity of MSLN. We are currently performing comprehensive molecular studies to uncover key upstream and downstream signaling factors responsible for the protumorigenic effects of MSLN in peritoneal dissemination.
Citation Format: Leela Rani Avula, Michael Rudloff, Salma El-Behaedi, Danielle Arons, Xianyu Zhang, Christine Alewine. Characterization of the protumorigenic role of MSLN in peritoneal metastases in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3767.