bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Hurricane Analyses and Predictions with TCI, IFEX Field Campaign Observations, and CIMSS AMVs Using the Advanced Hybrid Data Assimilation System for HWRF. Part I: What is Missing to Capture the Rapid Intensification of Hurricane Patricia (2015) when HWRF is already Initialized with a More Realistic Analysis?
Authors: Lu Xu , Wang Xuguang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAssimilating inner-core observations collected from recent field campaign programs such as Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI) and Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX) together with the enhanced atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) produce realistic three-dimensional (3D) analyses using the newly developed GSI-based, continuously cycled, dual-resolution hybrid ensemble–variational data assimilation (DA) system for the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) Model for Hurricane Patricia (2015). However, more persistent surface wind maximum spindown is found in the intensity forecast initialized from the realistic analyses produced by the DA system but not from the unrealistic initial conditions produced through vortex modification. Diagnostics in this study reveal that the spindown issue is likely attributed to the deficient HWRF Model physics that are unable to maintain the realistic 3D structures from the DA analysis. The horizontal diffusion is too strong to maintain the realistically observed vertical oscillation of radial wind near the eyewall region. The vertical diffusion profile cannot produce a sufficiently strong secondary circulation connecting the realistically elevated upper-level outflow produced in the DA analysis. Further investigations with different model physics parameterizations demonstrate that spindown can be alleviated by modifying model physics parameterizations. In particular, a modified turbulent mixing parameterization scheme together with a reduced horizontal diffusion is found to significantly alleviate the spindown issue and to improve the intensity forecast. Additional experiments show that the peak-simulated intensity and rapid intensification rate can be further improved by increasing the model resolution. But the model resolution is not as important as model physics in the spindown alleviation.
Association of functioning and quality of life with objective and subjective measures of sleep and biological rhythms in major depressive and bipolar disorder
Authors: Slyepchenko Anastasiya , Allega Olivia R , Leng Xiamin , Minuzzi Luciano , Eltayebani Maha M , Skelly Matthew , Sassi Roberto B , Soares Claudio N , Kennedy Sidney H , Frey Benicio N 
Published: February 2019

Objective: Disruptions in biological rhythms and sleep are a core aspect of mood disorders, with sleep and rhythm changes frequently occurring prior to and during mood episodes. Wrist-worn actigraphs are increasingly utilized to measure ambulatory activity rhythm and sleep patterns. Methods: A comprehensive study using subjective and objective measures of sleep and biological rhythms was conducted in 111 participants (40 healthy volunteers [HC], 38 with major depressive disorder [MDD] and 33 with bipolar disorder [BD]). Participants completed 15-day actigraphy and first-morning urine samples to measure 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels. Sleep and biological rhythm questionnaires were administered: Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN), Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Actigraph data were analyzed for sleep and daily activity rhythms, light exposure and likelihood of transitioning between rest and activity states. Results: Mood groups had worse subjective sleep quality (PSQI) and biological rhythm disruption (BRIAN) and higher objective mean nighttime activity than controls. Participants with BD had longer total sleep time, higher circadian quotient and lower 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels than HC group. The MDD group had longer sleep onset latency and higher daytime probability of transitioning from rest to activity than HCs. Mood groups displayed later mean timing of light exposure. Multiple linear regression analysis with BRIAN scores, circadian quotient, mean nighttime activity during rest and daytime probability of transitioning from activity to rest explained 43% of variance in quality-of-life scores. BRIAN scores, total sleep time and probability of transitioning from activity to rest explained 52% of variance in functioning (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Disruption in biological rhythms is associated with poorer functioning and quality of life in bipolar and MDD. Investigating biological rhythms and sleep using actigraphy variables, urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and subjective measures provide evidence of widespread sleep and circadian system disruptions in mood disorders.
The Timing of Corticosteroid Injections After Arthroscopic Shoulder Procedures Affects Postoperative Infection Risk
Authors: Kew Michelle E. , Cancienne Jourdan M. , Christensen James E. , Werner Brian C. 
Published: February 2019

Background: Corticosteroid injections are sometimes used in the postoperative period after shoulder arthroscopy; however, a well-defined safety profile has not been established. Purpose: To examine the association between the timing of postoperative corticosteroid injections and rates of infection after shoulder arthroscopy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Private payer and Medicare national insurance databases were queried for patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, debridement, or subacromial decompression. Patients who underwent corticosteroid injections within 1, 2, 3, or 4 months postoperatively were identified and compared with a matched control group that underwent the same procedures without a postoperative steroid injection. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, and Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to identify rates of postoperative infection within 90 days after injection for the study groups and controls. Multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was used to compare groups, and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated, with P < .05 considered significant. Results: A total of 3946 patients were identified, including 264 patients who received an injection within 1 month after surgery, 471 within 2 months, 1037 within 3 months, 1874 within 4 months, and 2640 matched controls. When compared with controls, patients who underwent a corticosteroid injection within 1 month postoperatively had a significantly higher rate of infection (private payer: OR, 2.63; P = .014; Medicare: OR, 11.2; P < .0001). There were no differences in infection rates at all other time points ( P = .264-.835). Conclusion: This study adds to the evidence suggesting caution when administering injections in the immediate postoperative period after shoulder arthroscopy. Although causality cannot be determined on the basis of this database review, the authors found a significant association between intra-articular corticosteroid injections administered 1 month postoperatively and an increased rate of postoperative infection in Medicare and private payer patient cohorts as compared with a control group.
Qualitative research: An overview of emerging approaches for data collection
Authors: Carr Elizabeth May , Zhang Gary Dezhi , Ming Jane (Hung) Yeong , Siddiqui Zarrin Seema 
Published: February 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to introduce new approaches to conduct qualitative research that may provide valuable insight into issues related to education, training and patient care in psychiatry. Conclusions: A variety of data-collection tools is available for researchers and practitioners in psychiatry. These can be used independently or in conjunction with other quantitative and qualitative methods.
Circulating Endothelial Cells, Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells, and Circulating Microparticles in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Zahran Asmaa M. , Mohamed Ismail L. , El Asheer Osama M. , Tamer Deiaaeldin M. , Abo-ELela Mohamed G. M. , Abdel-Rahim Mona H. , El-Badawy Omnia H. B. , Elsayh Khalid I. 
Published: February 2019

Background and Aim: Hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is accompanied by endothelial cell dysfunction which is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders. The aim of the current study was to explore the profile of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), circulating endothelial cells (CECs), endothelial and platelet derived micropaticles (EMPs, PMPs) and total microparticles (TMPs), in T1D children in relation to each other and to the metabolic disorders accompanying T1D. Patients and Methods: Thirty T1D patients and 20 age and sex matched healthy volunteers were assessed for HbA1c level and lipid profile. Quantification of CECs, EPCs, TMPs, EMPs and PMPs was done by flow cytometry. Results: The mean levels of EMPs, PMPs, TMPs and CECs were significantly higher in diabetic children compared to controls. Meanwhile, the levels of EPCs were significantly lower in diabetic children compared to controls. Both PMPs and CECs showed the highest significant differences between patients and controls and their levels were directly related to HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides. A moderate correlation was observed between the frequency of PMPs and CECs. EPCs revealed negative correlations with both LDL and triglycerides. TMPs were only related to LDL, while EMPs were only related to HbA1c. Conclusion: Although there is disturbance in the levels of EMPs, PMPs, TMPs, CECs and EPCs in type 1 diabetic children compared to the controls, only the levels of PMPs and CECs were closely affected by the poor glycemic control and dyslipidemia occurring in T1D; thus may contribute to a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Placental Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and NPY receptors expressions and serum NPY levels in preeclampsia
Authors: Klinjampa Roongrit , Sitticharoon Chantacha , Souvannavong-Vilivong Xaynaly , Sripong Chanakarn , Keadkraichaiwat Issarawan , Churintaraphan Malika , Chatree Saimai , Lertbunnaphong Tripop 
Published: February 2019

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been reported as a vasoconstrictive substance that might be associated with preeclampsia. NPY mediates different effects via its specific NPY receptors. NPY action via Y1 receptor (Y1R) and/or Y5 receptor (Y5R) induces vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation while it is implicated in angiogenesis via Y2 receptor (Y2R) and/or Y5R. The objectives of this study were to (1) compare placental NPY, Y1 receptor ( Y1R), Y2 receptor ( Y2R), and Y5 receptor ( Y5R) expressions between normal (NP) and preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies to determine whether gene expression of different NPY receptors are altered in the PE condition; (2) compare maternal serum NPY levels between NP and PE subjects; and (3) determine correlations between placental gene expressions as well as serum NPY levels with maternal and neonatal clinical parameters. There were 22 subjects each in the NP (gestational age 37–42 weeks) and PE (gestational age ≥34 weeks) groups. Clinical parameters and serum NPY levels were measured before delivery. NPY expression and serum NPY levels were comparable between NP and PE subjects. Y1R, Y2R, and Y5R expressions were significantly lower in PE than NP subjects. In all and NP subjects, placental Y2R showed the highest expression, tended to be higher than Y5R, and was significantly higher than Y1R. In PE subjects, placental Y2R was comparable to Y5R and both Y2R and Y5R were significantly higher than Y1R. The NPY receptor expression ratio between the PE/NP groups showed that it was lowest for Y2R (0.27) compared to Y1R (0.42) and Y5R (0.40) suggestive of decreased Y2R expression in PE subjects. In summary, a decrease in placental Y2R mRNA might be associated with abnormalities of placental angiogenesis which probably contributes to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The roles of NPY receptors mediating placental vascularization need to be further investigated. Impact statement Neuropeptide Y (NPY) has been reported as a vasoconstrictive substance which might be associated with preeclampsia. The novel findings of this study were that Y1R, Y2R, and Y5R expressions were significantly lower in the PE than the NP group. Moreover, the NPY receptor expression ratio between the PE/NP groups was lowest for Y2R (0.27) compared to Y1R (0.42) and Y5R (0.40) suggestive of a reduction of this receptor in the preeclampsia group. Our results suggested that decreased Y2R mRNA in the PE group might be associated with abnormalities of placental angiogenesis which probably contributes to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia.
Knee Joint Distraction Compared with High Tibial Osteotomy and Total Knee Arthroplasty: Two-Year Clinical, Radiographic, and Biochemical Marker Outcomes of Two Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Jansen Mylène P. , Besselink Nick J. , van Heerwaarden Ronald J. , Custers Roel J. H. , Emans Pieter J. , Spruijt Sander , Mastbergen Simon C. , Lafeber Floris P. J. G. 
Published: February 2019

Objective Both, knee joint distraction (KJD) and high tibial osteotomy (HTO) are joint-preserving surgeries that postpone total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in younger osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Here we evaluate the 2-year follow-up of KJD versus TKA and KJD versus HTO in 2 noninferiority studies. Design Knee OA patients indicated for TKA were randomized to KJD ( n = 20; KJDTKA) or TKA ( n = 40). Medial compartmental knee OA patients considered for HTO were randomized to KJD ( n = 23; KJDHTO) or HTO ( n = 46). Patient-reported outcome measures were assessed over 2 years of follow-up. The radiographic joint space width (JSW) was measured yearly. In the KJD groups, serum-PIIANP and urinary-CTXII levels were measured as collagen type-II synthesis and breakdown markers. It was hypothesized that there was no clinically important difference in the primary outcome, the total WOMAC, when comparing KJD with HTO and with TKA. Results Both trials were completed, with 114 patients (19 KJDTKA; 34 TKA; 20 KJDHTO; 41 HTO) available for 2-year analyses. At 2 years, the total WOMAC score (KJDTKA: +38.9 [95%CI 28.8-48.9] points; TKA: +42.1 [34.5-49.7]; KJDHTO: +26.8 [17.1-36.6]; HTO: +34.4 [28.0-40.7]; all: P < 0.05) and radiographic minimum JSW (KJDTKA: +0.9 [0.2-1.6] mm; KJDHTO: +0.9 [0.5-1.4]; HTO: +0.6 [0.3-0.9]; all: P < 0.05) were still increased for all groups. The net collagen type-II synthesis 2 years after KJD was increased ( P < 0.05). Half of KJD patients experienced pin tract infections, successfully treated with oral antibiotics. Conclusions Sustained improvement of clinical benefit and (hyaline) cartilage thickness increase after KJD is demonstrated. KJD was clinically noninferior to HTO and TKA in the primary outcome.
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the uterine cervix displaying tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia
Authors: Kurose Nozomu , Mizuguchi Seiya , Ohkanemasa Yoshiiku , Yamashita Manabu , Nakano Mariko , Guo Xin , Aikawa Akane , Nakada Satoko , Sasagawa Toshiyuki , Yamada Sohsuke 
Published: February 2019

Background: Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia is defined as an inflammatory response with the marked infiltration of eosinophils within tumor tissues. Tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia has been reported in various organs; however, no studies have examined the detailed cytopathological findings of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia. Case Presentation: A 49-year-old woman presented with lower abdominal and back pain that had started 1 month earlier. A cervical biopsy revealed a diagnosis of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. A mildly increased number of eosinophils was observed in both cervical cytology and a biopsy. On pelvic computed tomography, a tumor mass measuring up to 5.5 cm in the largest diameter was seen in the uterine cervix. After 1 month, endometrial cytology was performed, and non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma together with normal endometrial glands was obtained in a background of marked eosinophil numbers. Tumor cells in an irregular-shaped solid nest had variable-sized hyperchromatic nuclei and light-green-stained cytoplasm. The number of eosinophils was obviously increased. Considering the possibility of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia, we evaluated a peripheral blood sample and confirmed an increased number of eosinophils. Radical hysterectomy was performed, and the final pathological diagnosis was adenosquamous carcinoma. Although the number of eosinophils decreased after surgery, it increased again at the time of recurrence 1 year later. Chemo-irradiation was performed, but the patient died 1 year and 8 months after the operation. Conclusion: Cytopathologists should consider the presence of tumor-associated tissue eosinophilia by focusing on not only tumor cells but also the markedly eosinophilic background. The eosinophil count might be a useful marker of the disease activity.
Systematic Review of Evidence Pertaining to Factors That Modify Risk of Early Childhood Caries
Authors: Moynihan P. , Tanner L.M. , Holmes R.D. , Hillier-Brown F. , Mashayekhi A. , Kelly S.A.M. , Craig D. 
Published: February 2019

Introduction: A systematic review of evidence on the impact of modifiable risk factors on early childhood caries (ECC) was conducted to inform recommendations in a World Health Organization manual on ECC prevention. Objectives: To systematically review published evidence pertaining to the effect of modifiable risk factors on ECC. Methods: Twelve questions relating to infant feeding, diet, oral hygiene, and fluoride were addressed, as prioritized by a World Health Organization expert panel. Questions pertaining to the use of fluoride toothpaste were excluded due to its proven efficacy. The target population was children aged <72 mo. Data sources included Medline, Embase, CINAHL, and PubMed, and all human epidemiologic studies were included. The highest level of evidence was used for evidence synthesis and, where possible, meta-analysis. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) statement, with evidence assessed via the GRADE method. Results: Of the 13,831 papers identified, 627 were screened in duplicate; of these, 139 were included. The highest-level evidence indicated that breastfeeding ≤24 mo does not increase ECC risk but suggested that longer-duration breastfeeding increases risk (low-quality evidence). Low-quality evidence indicated increased risk associated with consumption of sugars in bottles. Only 1 study had data on the impact of sugars in complementary foods, which increased risk. Moderate-quality evidence showed a benefit of oral health education for caregivers (odds ratio, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.80, P = 0.009). Meta-analysis of data on the impact on ECC from living in a fluoridated area showed a significant effect (mean difference, –1.25; 95% CI, –1.24 to −0.36; P = 0.006). Limited moderate- and low-quality data indicated a benefit of fluoride exposure from salt and milk, respectively. Conclusion: The best available evidence indicates that breastfeeding up to 2 y of age does not increase ECC risk. Providing access to fluoridated water and educating caregivers are justified approaches to ECC prevention. Limiting sugars in bottles and complementary foods should be part of this education. Knowledge Transfer Statement: This research is being used by the World Health Organization in developing a toolkit on the prevention and management of early childhood caries. The information will guide 1) governments in developing national oral health plans and 2) clinicians when providing preventive advice, including that regarding infant feeding practices. It will help ensure that advice is in line with current World Health Organization guidelines and the best available evidence.
Avoiding unrealistic behaviour in coupled reactive-transport simulations of cation exchange and mineral kinetics in clays
Authors: Benbow Steven , Wilson James , Metcalfe Richard , Lehikoinen Jarmo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBentonite clay is often included as a buffer, backfill and/or sealing material in designs for deep geological repositories for radioactive wastes. It is expected that bentonite materials may undergo some mineralogical alteration as they interact with in situ groundwaters over long timescales on the order of thousands to millions of years. Long-term modelling of these materials is therefore important in order to demonstrate confidence that the engineered designs will continue to perform as required over their intended lifetimes (required assessment timescales can be up to 1 million years). The key geochemical processes that must be considered in such modelling are mineral dissolution and precipitation and cation exchange. These processes are expected to occur simultaneously and so modelling of their coupled effects and their rates (kinetics) is necessary. Illustrative reactive-transport models of the geochemical alteration of montmorillonite (the primary mineral in bentonite exhibiting cation exchange) are presented which demonstrate that one possible approach to fully coupling cation exchange and clay mineral dissolution kinetics, referred to here as the ‘all-component coupling’ approach, may lead to unrealistic behaviour due to feedback that may occur in the formulation. This feedback can be avoided if a ‘common-component’ conceptual model for the dissolution of exchanger end members is adopted, where only the saturation of the exchanger ‘structural unit’ is considered when evaluating the potential for dissolution of the mineral. Such considerations have been proposed historically in stability analyses for montmorillonite, but have not been explored widely in the modelling literature.
A randomised, placebo-controlled study of omipalisib (PI3K/mTOR) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Lukey Pauline T. , Harrison Stephen A. , Yang Shuying , Man Yim , Holman Beverley F. , Rashidnasab Alaleh , Azzopardi Gabrielle , Grayer Michael , Simpson Juliet K. , Bareille Philippe , Paul Lyn , Woodcock Hannah V. , Toshner Richard , Saunders Peter , Molyneaux Philip L. , Thielemans Kris , Wilson Frederick J. , Mercer Paul F. , Chambers Rachel C. , Groves Ashley M. , Fahy William A. , Marshall Richard P. , Maher Toby M. 
Published: February 2019

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Omipalisib (GSK2126458) is a potent inhibitor of PI3K/mTOR.A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, repeat dose escalation, experimental medicine study of omipalisib in subjects with IPF was conducted (NCT01725139) to test safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Omipalisib was dosed at 0.25 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg twice daily for 8 days in four cohorts of four subjects randomised 3:1 to receive omipalisib or placebo (two cohorts received 2 mg twice daily).17 subjects with IPF were enrolled. The most common adverse event was diarrhoea, which was reported by four participants. Dose-related increases in insulin and glucose were observed. Pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated that exposure in the blood predicts lung exposure. Exposure-dependent inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate and pAKT confirmed target engagement in blood and lungs.18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose(FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans revealed an exposure-dependent reduction in18F-FDG uptake in fibrotic areas of the lung, as measured by target-to-background, ratio thus confirming pharmacodynamic activity.This experimental medicine study demonstrates acceptable tolerability of omipalisib in subjects with IPF at exposures for which target engagement was confirmed both systemically and in the lungs.