bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Deposition Maintains a Positive Effect on Terrestrial Carbon Sequestration in the 21st Century Despite Growing Phosphorus Limitation at Regional Scales
Authors: Fleischer Katrin , Dolman A. J. , van der Molen Michiel K. , Rebel Karin T. , Erisman Jan Willem , Wassen Martin J. , Pak Bernard , Lu Xingjie , Rammig Anja , Wang Ying‐Ping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractNitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two dominant nutrients regulating the productivity of most terrestrial ecosystems. The growing imbalance of anthropogenic N and P inputs into the future is estimated to exacerbate P limitation on land and limit the land carbon (C) sink, so that we hypothesized that P limitation will increasingly reduce C sequestered per unit N deposited into the future. Using a global land surface model (CABLE), we simulated the effects of increased N deposition with and without P limitation on land C uptake and the fate of deposited N on land from 1901 to 2100. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found that N deposition continued to induce land C sequestration into the future, contributing to 15% of future C sequestration as opposed to 6% over the historical period. P limitation reduced the future land C uptake per unit N deposited only moderately at the global scale but P limitation increasingly caused N deposition to have net negative effects on the land C balance in the temperate zone. P limitation further increased the fraction of deposited N that is lost via leaching to aquatic ecosystems, globally from 38.5% over the historical period to 53% into the future, and up to 75% in tropical ecosystems. Our results suggest continued N demand for plant productivity but also indicate growing adverse N deposition effects in the future biosphere, not fully accounted for in global models, emphasizing the urgent need to elaborate on model representations of N and P dynamics.
Modeling of Topside Ionospheric Vertical Scale Height Based on Ionospheric Radio Occultation Measurements
Authors: Hu Andong , Carter Brett , Currie Julie , Norman Robert , Wu Suqin , Wang Xiaoming , Zhang Kefei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAn artificial neural network (ANN) method for the modeling of global topside ionospheric vertical scale height (VSH) using electron density profiles retrieved from Global Navigation Satellite Systems radio occultation (RO) data is proposed in this study. The data for this study are 80,124 VSHs derived from the events randomly selected from 9 years of Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate RO measurements and 144,530 VSHs derived from the events randomly selected from 16 years of topside sounder measurements of both Aluoette‐1/2 and ISIS‐1/2 satellites during 1962–1978 are used for comparison. VSHs from the International Reference Ionosphere are also used for the comparison. Results showed that: (1) the median of the relative residuals of the new ANN regression approach/model (which was based on RO measurements) was 8.5% less than that of the traditional approach/model (which was based on the topside sounder data); (2) the median of the relative residuals of the ANN model when longitude was used as a variable was 1.1% less than the one without longitude; and substantial error in the polar region was shown to be mitigated by taking the variable longitude into consideration; (3) compared to International Reference Ionosphere, the accuracy of the new ANN model was improved by around 14%; (4) the new ANN model outperforms the traditional base vector‐based least squares model by around 10% when incoherent scatter radar measurements are used as a reference; and (5) the characteristics of global VSHs generated from the new model during geomagnetic storms better agree with measurements than that of the base vector‐based least squares.
VENM: An Algorithm to Accurately Calculate Neutral Slopes and Gradients
Authors: Groeskamp Sjoerd , Barker Paul M. , McDougall Trevor J. , Abernathey Ryan P. , Griffies Stephen M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMesoscale eddies stir along the neutral plane, and the resulting neutral diffusion is a fundamental aspect of subgrid‐scale tracer transport in ocean models. Calculating neutral diffusion traditionally involves calculating neutral slopes and three‐dimensional tracer gradients. The calculation of the neutral slope traditionally occurs by computing the ratio of the horizontal to vertical locally referenced potential density derivative. However, this approach is problematic in regions of weak vertical stratification, prompting the use of a variety of ad hoc regularization methods that can lead to rather nonphysical dependencies for the resulting neutral tracer gradients. Here we use a VErtical Non‐local Method “VENM,” a search algorithm that requires no ad hoc regularization and significantly improves the numerical accuracy of calculating neutral slopes, neutral tracer gradients, and associated neutral diffusive fluxes. We compare and contrast VENM against a more traditional method, using an independent objective neutrality condition combined with estimates of spurious diffusion, heat transport, and water mass transformation rates. VENM is more accurate, both physically and numerically, and should form the basis for future efforts involving neutral diffusion calculations from observations and possibly numerical model simulations.
Upscaling of Regional Scale Transport Under Transient Conditions: Evaluation of the Multirate Mass Transfer Model
Authors: Guo Zhilin , Fogg Graham E. , Henri Christopher V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRegional scale transport models are needed to support the long‐term evaluation of groundwater quality and to develop management strategies aiming to prevent serious groundwater degradation. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the capacity of a previously developed upscaling approach to adequately describe the main solute transport processes, including the capture of late‐time tails under changing boundary conditions. Potential factors that impact the performance of upscaling methods, including temporal variations in mass transfer rates and mass distributions, were investigated. Advective‐dispersive contaminant transport in a 3‐D heterogeneous domain was simulated and used as a reference solution. The equivalent transport under homogeneous flow conditions was then evaluated by applying the multirate mass transfer (MRMT) model. The random walk particle tracking method was used to solve the solute transport for heterogeneous and homogeneous MRMT scenarios under steady state and transient conditions. The results indicate that the MRMT model can capture the tails satisfactorily for plumes transported with ambient steady state flow fields at all studied scales using the same parameters. However, when the boundary conditions change in either local, plume, or regional scale, the mass transfer model calibrated for transport under steady state conditions cannot accurately reproduce the tailings observed for the heterogeneous scenario. The deteriorating impacts of transient boundary conditions on the upscaled model are more significant for regions where the flow fields are dramatically affected, which highlights the poor applicability of the MRMT approach for complex field settings. This finding also has implications for the suitability of other potential upscaling approaches.
Enhanced operation of ‘Sen’ transformer with improved operating point density/area for power flow control
Authors: Behera Tikuna , De Dipankar 
Published: May 2019

In flexible AC transmission systems, conventional transformers with tap changing mechanism in ‘Sen’ transformer configuration is a cost effective approach for independent active and reactive power flow control compared to voltage source converter‐based solutions. ‘Sen’ transformer regulates the power flow by injecting a series voltage in the transmission line with a specific magnitude and phase angle with respect to the line current flowing through it. The accuracy of such injected voltage depends on the number of available taps in the transformer. However, with limited number of taps the conventional ‘Sen’ transformer results in a limited number of operating points, leading to large steady state error for a given design. This study discusses different types of ‘Sen’ transformer configurations, tap control schemes and proposes an improved tap selection technique with tap reversal arrangement for enhanced operation of ‘Sen’ transformer for power flow control. The proposed method increases the number of operating points, which leads to smaller steady state error with improved copper utilisation and increased tap changing complexity. The new tap changing algorithm and its implementation techniques are described in detail. The proposed configuration is analysed against similar configurations and is verified through a 160 MVA Simulink model.
8-Hydroxylation and Glucuronidation of Mirtazapine in Japanese Psychiatric Patients: Significance of the Glucuronidation Pathway of 8-Hydroxy-Mirtazapine
Authors: Shinozaki Masataka , Pierce Jason , Hayashi Yuki , Watanabe Takashi , Sasaki Taro , Komahashi-Sasaki Hazuki , Akiyama Kazufumi , Kato Kazuko , Inoue Yoshimasa , Tsuchimine Shoko , Yasui-Furukori Norio , Ozeki Yuji , Shimoda Kazutaka 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Introduction  To investigate the metabolism of mirtazapine (MIR) in Japanese psychiatric patients, we determined the plasma levels of MIR, N-desmethylmirtazapine (DMIR), 8-hydroxy-mirtazapine (8-OH-MIR), mirtazapine glucuronide (MIR-G), and 8-hydroxy-mirtazapine glucuronide (8-OH-MIR-G).
Methods  Seventy-nine Japanese psychiatric patients were treated with MIR for 1–8 weeks to achieve a steady-state concentration. Plasma levels of MIR, DMIR, and 8-OH-MIR were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma concentrations of MIR-G and 8-OH-MIR-G were determined by total MIR and total 8-OH-MIR (i. e., concentrations after hydrolysis) minus unconjugated MIR and unconjugated 8-OH-MIR, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction was used to determine CYP2D6 genotypes.
Results  Plasma levels of 8-OH-MIR were lower than those of MIR and DMIR (median 1.42 nmol/L vs. 92.71 nmol/L and 44.96 nmol/L, respectively). The plasma levels (median) of MIR-G and 8-OH-MIR-G were 75.00 nmol/L and 111.60 nmol/L, giving MIR-G/MIR and 8-OH-MIR-G/8-OH-MIR ratios of 0.92 and 59.50, respectively. Multiple regression analysis revealed that smoking was correlated with the plasma MIR concentration (dose- and body weight–corrected, p=0.040) and that age (years) was significantly correlated with the plasma DMIR concentration (dose- and body weight–corrected, p=0.018). The steady-state plasma concentrations of MIR and its metabolites were unaffected by the number of CYP2D6*5 and CYP2D6*10 alleles.
Discussion  The plasma concentration of 8-OH-MIR was as low as 1.42 nmol/L, whereas 8-OH-MIR-G had an approximate 59.50 times higher concentration than 8-OH-MIR, suggesting a significant role for hydroxylation of MIR and its glucuronidation in the Japanese population.
Ventral Surgical Approach for an Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Regeneration Model in Sheep Cervical Spine: Anatomic Technical Description, Strengths and Limitations
Authors: Deml Moritz C. , Benneker Lorin M. , Schmid Tanja , Sakai Daisuke , Albers Christoph E. , Hoppe Sven , Zeiter Stephan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Objective Sheep are used as a large animal model for intervertebral disc research. However, for the ovine ventral surgical approach to the cervical disc, limited descriptions exist. We, therefore, give a detailed in vivo anatomical description of this approach in sheep for the use in intervertebral disc regeneration and degeneration models to increase the reproducibility of such interventions.
Materials and Methods Eighteen female Swiss white alpine sheep, with an age range of 2 to 4 years, were used. A ventral surgical access was performed to establish defined intervertebral disc punch defect from cervical levels C3/4 to C5/6. Cervical levels C2/3 and C6/7 were used as negative controls. Intraoperative findings, radiographical controls and postoperative clinical follow-up were documented and collected for this clinical report.
Results All sheep recovered rapidly from the surgical intervention. Two sheep developed wound seroma, which resorbed spontaneously. Two further sheep showed wound dehiscence within 3 days after surgery, which had to be revised. No clinical wound infections occurred and all sheep healed well and did not show any side effects related to the surgical procedure.
Conclusion The ventral surgical access to the ovine cervical spine is a safe and reliable procedure. The advantage of the cervical intervertebral disc is the easier surgical access and the increased disc height compared to the sheep lumbar spine. Since the ovine cervical intervertebral disc shows a high grade of similarities (e.g. molecular characteristics) compared to human discs, it is a promising degeneration and regeneration model for disc diseases.
Needs Assessment of Emergency Department Residents in Examining and Managing Patients with Ophthalmologic Complaints
Authors: Wang Kaidi , Williams Sarah R. , Chong Ian , Fredrick Douglas R. 
Published: June 2019

Purpose Emergency medicine residents are trained to deal with a variety of emergency conditions; eye emergencies represent only a small portion of their clinical experience. This study was a targeted needs assessment of the comfort level of emergency medicine residents in diagnosing and managing patients who present with an ophthalmic chief complaint, with the goal of targeting future educational interventions.
Methods This was a cross sectional survey conducted at a large tertiary-care hospital between June 2016 and August 2016. Participants were 1st, 2nd, or 3rd year emergency medicine residents in an Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-approved emergency medicine residency.
Results The total response rate was 67.4% (29/43). The majority of residents did not expect equivalent availability of ophthalmology consultation services post-graduation. They generally believed ophthalmology and examination skills to be important to their future career and became more comfortable with the slit lamp exam through residency, although the average level of comfort was only 6.9 on a 1 to 10 scale for 3rd year residents (standard deviation [SD] = 2.6). A majority of residents were not confident with their diagnostic, examination, or management skills when queried about specific ophthalmic conditions or presenting symptoms. They indicated a variety of reasons why their comfort with ophthalmologic patients was limited.
Conclusion There is both need and desire for increased ophthalmic skills training for emergency medicine residents. Given time constraints in residency training, possible solutions will need to be innovative and multifaceted in order to target this goal.
On maximality in Mandarin possessives
Authors: Wang Chyan-an Arthur 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The possessive construction in Mandarin is similar to English prenominal possessives except that maximality is
presupposed only for cases involving inherently relational nouns. In this paper, I adopt the hypothesized split of argument and
modifier genitives proposed by Partee & Borschev (2001, 2003) and argue that modifier-genitives can occur NP-internally in Mandarin possessives, whose appearance
is restricted to cases with non-relational nouns. The discrepancy of the maximality presupposition observed in Mandarin can thus
be captured since non-relational nouns can have a split of interpretations between argument and modifier genitives, resulting in a
non-maximality reading.
Current-induced picosecond magnetization dynamics in a Ta/CoFeB/MgO hall bar
Authors: Spicer T M , Durrant C J , Keatley P S , Kruglyak V V , Chen W , Xiao G , Hicken R J 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Time-resolved Kerr microscopy (TRSKM) has been used to explore the small amplitude picosecond magnetization dynamics induced by spin–orbit torques in a Ta(4 nm)/Co40Fe40B20(1 nm)/MgO(1.6 nm)/Ta(1 nm) Hall bar structure. The time dependent polar magneto optical Kerr effect was recorded following injection of a current pulse of 70 ps duration. Macrospin simulations provide a reasonable description of the precession and a transient background response as the field strength and current polarity are varied, while confirming that the in-plane spin–orbit torque is dominant within this system. Increasing the current density within the simulations leads to coherent magnetization reversal. Inclusion of a modest in-plane bias field is found to reduce both the switching current and the time required for switching. The orientation of the in-plane field relative to the direction of the current determines whether the magnetization can be switched backwards and forwards by current pulses of the same or opposite polarity.
Freely suspended smectic films with in-plane temperature gradients
Authors: Stannarius Ralf , Trittel Torsten , Klopp Christoph , Eremin Alexey , Harth Kirsten , Clark Noel A , Park Cheol S , Maclennan Joseph E 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Freely suspended smectic films with in-plane temperature inhomogeneities can exhibit remarkable thermocapillary (Marangoni) effects. The temperature dependence of the surface tension

σ
(
T
)

promotes flow in the film plane, convection roll patterns, and climbing of smectic layers against gravitational forces. We discuss several experimental geometries where macroscopic material transport is driven by temperature gradients, including experiments under normal gravity and observations in microgravitation during suborbital rocket flights and on the International Space Station. In all these experiments, the temperature dependence of the surface tension drives unidirectional material flow. The divergence of this flow near the hot and cold film edges, and at the boundaries of film islands in the film, is associated with the creation, motion and removal of dislocations. These dissipative processes limit the flow velocity.
Numerical simulation of the mathematical model of treated Schistosomiasis spread
Authors: Alfianto A. , Ratianingsih R. , Hajar  
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Schistosomiasis is one of infectious disease caused by a trematoda or blood worm, classified as Schistosoma genus. One species of Schistosoma genus that endemically exist in Napu valley, Besoa and Lindu highland Central Sulawesi Indonesia is Schistosoma Japonicum. This paper governs a mathematical model that represents the Schistosomiasis spread which consider praziquantel as a treatment that given to the infected human. The SI model is addapted to the human population, besides the Schistosoma Japonicum life cycle. The oncomelania hupensis lindoensis growth is assumed to follow the logistic growth model. The stability of the governed model is analyzed by the Jacobian matrix at the critical points. There an unstable disease free and a stable endemic critical point. The stability is guaranteed by the existence requirement of the critical point that is the recruitment rate parameter. Another requirement parameter to be needed is the death rate of the mature worm. The research result also shows that the using of 60 mg doses of praziquantel, to the infected human subpopulation, indicates the reduction of the number of both infected human and the mature worm. We also come to the bifurcation point B = μS
where the system gives a different characteristic.
Application of Large Neighborhood Search method in solving a dynamic dial-a-ride problem with money as an incentive
Authors: Adawiyah R , Satria Y , Burhan H 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
A Dynamic Dial-a-Ride Problem with Money as an Incentive (DARP-M) is a problem of finding optimal route to serve requests demand which uses taxi-sharing system with cost constraint. Taxi-sharing is a system where individual customer share vehicle with other customers, who has the same or similar origin, destination, and travel time. The optimal solution is the solution that can minimize the cost of each trip request. This study discusses DARP-M to optimize the use of taxi-sharing. The search for the DARP-M solution in this research uses the insertion heuristic method for construction of initial solution and the large neighborhood search method for the optimal solution determination. Then, the experiment uses three times periods, from which the experiment result shows the large neighborhood search method can minimize customers travel cost up to 27.40 % less than the cost of private rides.
Extension of floating-point filters to absolute and relative errors for numerical computation
Authors: Ohta Yuki , Ozaki Katsuhisa 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Although numerical computation is very fast, however, the results may not be accurate due to the accumulation of rounding errors. Consequently, much research has focussed on ways to verifying the accuracy of approximate solutions. Floating-point filters are one such technique. These can, for example, be used to guarantee the signs of computed results, such as those of the matrix determinants that are so important in the computational geometry field. In this paper, we extend floating-point filters to guarantee absolute and relative errors.
Heterogeneous Weibull count distribution
Authors: Karina Tania M , Nurrohmah Siti , Fithriani Ida 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we present a generalized model for count data based upon an assumed Weibull interarrival times. Weibull interarrival times could handle overdispersed data with shape parameter 0 < c < 1, and underdispersed data with c > 1, and is reduced as exponential when c = 1. Weibull count model will be obtained by Taylor expansion and convolution method. By mixing, we obtain heterogeneous Weibull count model. Finally, we fit this model and several other models to non-equidispersed data and show that this model fit the data better than Poisson.
The γ - Dimension of Images the Integral Staircase
Authors: Wibowo S , Kurniawan V Y , Siswanto  
Published: May 2019

Abstract
In this paper, we have proved that the integral staircase function defined in the γ-dimensional compact set F satisfies the bi-Lipschitz condition of order

α
∈
(
0
,
1
)

and as a consequence, the image of the integral staircase function does not preserve γ-dimension of its domain.
Stability and persistence analysis on the epidemic model multiregion multi-patches
Authors: Imron Chairul , Hariyanto  , Yunus Mahmud , Surjanto Sentot D. , Dewi Nihaya A. C. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Spread of the virus can also occur between cities, countries and continents including the spread of H1N1 pandemic in 2009, the virus H7N9 that once plagued the plains of China, Virus Ebolla 2014 outbreak in the peninsula mainland West Africa, In this paper Mathematical model is constructed based on Metapopulation in 2 Region are connected by three tracks that do not intersect, therefore displacement individually in each region will not move trajectory, movement of individual populations between the Region is influenced by the density function Kernel Exponential and Laplace so Model Metapopulation shaped Equation System differential Partial-Integral loading the second region, stability and persistence analysis conducted through the basic reproduction number and Lipschitz constant showed that the analysis so that the system can be done through a model of each region’s to subsystem and system stability and persistence of the population affected by the virus and infected susceptible to the limited and quite large.