bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commodity Futures Trading Commission issues advisory for virtual currency pump-and-dump schemes
Authors: Rosenfeld Richard , Lakatos Alex , Beam David , Carlson Jennifer , Flax Nina , Niehoff Philip , Bisanz Matthew , McCoy Nicholas 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explain innocent actors in the virtual currency space (e.g. virtual currency exchanges, financial institutions, social media platforms) and how to avoid potential exposure because of the misconduct of users or customers.

Design/methodology/approach
Explains how pump-and-dump securities and commodities fraud schemes work, explains the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s warning to consumers about how to avoid being victimized by schemers running pump-and-dump schemes in the virtual currency space, explains how innocent well-meaning actors may – because of misconduct by their customers or users – be at risk of exposure to victims of pump-and-dump schemes and provides practical guidance for avoiding these dangers and remediating problems.

Findings
Market participants must protect their reputations, and they cannot rely on the government to do so for them. Moreover, because investors who fall prey to fraud may be unable to recover from fraudsters, such investors may seek to recover from innocent market participants. Accordingly, market participants should take precautionary measures to avoid being used by fraudsters.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced securities and financial services litigators.
Environmental concern: an issue for poor or rich
Authors: Teoh Chai Wen , Gaur Sanjaya Singh 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the role of environmental concern on brand preference. The authors also examine whether the proposed relationship is contingent upon the individual’s income.

Design/methodology/approach
A conceptual model is proposed based on the theory of buyer behaviour and environmental concern. Model is empirically validated by conducting a survey using self-administered questionnaire. Measurements for each construct were adapted from literature. Partial least square based structural equation modelling is used for the hypotheses testing and confirmatory factor analysis is used for the validation of measurement model.

Findings
The authors found that brand preference is influenced by environmental concern and attitude towards the environment-friendly product. Further, social influence indirectly affects brand preference via environmental concern and attitude towards the environment-friendly product. The authors also found that income significantly moderates the relationship between social influence and environmental concern.

Originality/value
This paper provides useful guidance for the marketers of environment-friendly products for marketing to people with different income.
The role of mental health nurses in supporting young people’s mental health: a review of the literature
Authors: Arnold Jessica Louise , Baker Charley 
Published: August 2018

PurposeAdolescent mental health issues are on the increase, in particular depression, which is now a major public health concern globally. Mental health education is important and young people’s awareness of mental health is potentially limited. This is one factor that creates barriers to seeking support. School nurses and educational professionals recognise that they do not necessarily have the required skill base to support emotional health concerns with young people. The purpose of this paper is to synthesise qualitative evidence related to the nurse’s role in supporting adolescents.Design/methodology/approachA literature review using a systematic approach was undertaken, predominantly through collection of primary qualitative research studies. In total, 22 published studies are included in this review, extracted from four databases – CINAHL, Embase, Medline and Scopus.FindingsThis review shows that awareness of mental health is needed early in adolescence, while at school, to encourage young people to access support and have knowledge of their own emotional health. The need for further mental health education and provision is asserted.Practical implicationsYoung people benefit from someone who is accessible and familiar to them in schools so that they can access emotional support as and when needed. Careful involvement of families (including extended families) is noted. It is proposed that this role should be a mental health nurse role, who should be accessible within the school environment.Originality/valueThis paper is original and adds to existing knowledge that mental health challenges are increasing, and more needs to be done in schools to promote mental health and reduce the stigma associated with seeking support.
The electrothermal impact on a contact metal-semiconductor: applications to the germanium–silver system
Authors: Skvortsov Arkadiy , Khripach Nikolay A. , Papkin Boris A. , Pshonkin Danila E. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
This study aims to examine the electromigration processes resulting from thermal overloads of semiconductor devices. While in operation, parts of such devices can heat up to 330°C for a short period, resulting in the emergence of molten zones and the devices’ inevitable degradation. Therefore, this study examines the mechanisms behind the formation and migration of silver-based molten zones in bulk germanium and on its surface.

Design/methodology/approach
Experimental data concerning the correlation between the migration velocities of the inclusions and their sizes are obtained.

Findings
By comparing these experimental data with known electromigration models, it is concluded that inclusions move through the mechanism of melting and crystallization. The dynamics of Ge–Ag zones in the volume of a germanium crystal are compared to those on its surface and accelerated electromigration on the surface of the crystal is observed. This increased migration velocity is shown to be associated with additional contributions of the electrocapillary component.

Originality/value
The results of this study can be used to calculate the operating modes of semiconductor power devices under intense heat loading.
Electrical properties of Pb[Zr0.35Ti0.65]O3 on PEALD Al2O3 for NVM applications
Authors: Singh Prashant , Jha Rajesh Kumar , Singh Rajat Kumar , Singh B.R. 
Published: August 2018

Purpose
Development of (1T-type) ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) has most actively progressed since 1995 and motivated by the physical limits and technological drawbacks of the flash memory. 1T-type FeRAM implements ferroelectric layer at the field effect transistor (FET) gate. During the course of the investigation, it was very difficult to form a thermodynamically stable ferroelectric-semiconductor interface at the FET gate, leading to the introduction of one insulating buffer layer between the ferroelectric and the silicon substrate to overcome this problem. In this study, Al2O3 a high-k buffer layer deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) is sandwiched between the ferroelectric layer and silicon substrate.

Design/methodology/approach
Ferroelectric/high-k gate stack were fabricated on the silicon substrate and pt electrode. Structural characteristics of the ferroelectric (PZT) and high-k (Al2O3) thin film deposited by RF sputtering and PEALD, respectively, were optimized and investigated for different process parameters. Metal/PZT/Metal, Metal/PZT/Silicon, Metal/PZT/Al2O3/Silicon structures were fabricated and electrically characterized to obtain the memory window, leakage current, hysteresis, PUND, endurance and breakdown characteristics.

Findings
XRD pattern shows the ferroelectric perovskite thin Pb[Zr0.35Ti0.65]O3 film with (101) tetragonal orientation deposited by sputtering and PEALD Al2O3 with (312) orientation showing amorphous nature. Multiple angle analysis shows that the refractive index of PZT varies from 2.248 to 2.569, and PEALD Al2O3 varies from 1.6560 to 1.6957 with post-deposition annealing temperature. Increase in memory window from 2.3 to 8.4 V for the Metal-Ferroelectric-Silicon (MFS) and Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor (MFIS) structure has been observed at the annealing temperature of 500°C. MFIS structure with 10 nm buffer layer shows excellent endurance of 3 × 109 read-write cycles and the breakdown voltage of 33 V.

Originality/value
This paper shows the feature, principle and improvement in the electrical properties of the fabricated gate stack for 1T-type nonvolatile FeFET. The insulating buffer layer sandwiched between ferroelectric and silicon substrate acts as a barrier to ferroelectric–silicon interdiffusion improves the leakage current, memory window, endurance and breakdown voltage. This is perhaps the first time that the combination of sputtered PZT on the PEALD Al2O3 layer is being reported.
Machine learning for image based species identification
Authors: Wäldchen Jana , Mäder Patrick 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Accurate species identification is the basis for all aspects of taxonomic research and is an essential component of workflows in biological research. Biologists are asking for more efficient methods to meet the identification demand. Smart mobile devices, digital cameras as well as the mass digitisation of natural history collections led to an explosion of openly available image data depicting living organisms. This rapid increase in biological image data in combination with modern machine learning methods, such as deep learning, offers tremendous opportunities for automated species identification.

In this paper, we focus on deep learning neural networks as a technology that enabled breakthroughs in automated species identification in the last 2 years. In order to stimulate more work in this direction, we provide a brief overview of machine learning frameworks applicable to the species identification problem. We review selected deep learning approaches for image based species identification and introduce publicly available applications.

Eventually, this article aims to provide insights into the current state‐of‐the‐art in automated identification and to serve as a starting point for researchers willing to apply novel machine learning techniques in their biological studies.

While modern machine learning approaches only slowly pave their way into the field of species identification, we argue that we are going to see a proliferation of these techniques being applied to the problem in the future. Artificial intelligence systems will provide alternative tools for taxonomic identification in the near future.
The prevention and detection of human error in ecological stable isotope analysis
Authors: Hawke David J. , Brown Julie C. S. , Bury Sarah J. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Stable isotope analysis (SIA) is widely used in ecology, but samples are usually analysed in specialist facilities. Like any complex process, SIA is susceptible to human error. Despite the best efforts of the SIA laboratory, errors may occasionally remain in results released to clients.

We used our experiences as ecologists and laboratory analysts to identify human error scenarios to which SIA performed anywhere might be susceptible. These scenarios ran from sample selection and submission by the ecologist, to the final results report from the SIA laboratory. Several scenarios involved errors hard to find by visual examination, by either ecologist or analyst.

The ecologist can prevent pre‐submission errors by formalising their sample submission process, and can best perform a final results quality check by submitting their own quality control material with a matrix similar to that of the samples. Prevention of laboratory errors is best accomplished by a comprehensive risk‐based quality management system and a continual improvement, no‐blame laboratory culture.

We recommend that the ecologist views the entire sample selection, submission and laboratory analysis as an integrated whole, establishing their own quality management processes to run alongside those of the SIA facility. This recommendation applies to any ecological methodology where samples are sent to a specialist facility for analysis.
Effect of environmental factors on the abundance variations of two native rodents in agricultural systems of Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Guidobono Juan S. , Cueto Gerardo R. , Teta Pablo , Busch María 
Published: August 2018

AbstractOur aim was to assess the effect of environmental factors on short temporal abundance variations of the two most abundant native rodents of agricultural agroecosystems, Akodon azarae and Calomys laucha. We conducted a 3‐year longitudinal sampling of rodents, and recorded meteorological data such as temperature and precipitation, predation rate by Leopardus geoffroyi, Tyto furcata and Athene cunicularia, vegetation cover and height, characteristics of cropfields and their borders. The effect of these factors on rodent abundance was evaluated through generalized linear mixed models. Abundance variations of both rodent species were explained by characteristics of both cropfields and their borders. At the studied temporal scale, meteorological variables did not have a direct effect on abundance variations, but probably influenced through vegetation characteristics and were expressed in seasonal variations. For A. azarae there was also an effect of predation by L. geoffroyi (positive) and T. furcata (negative), while predation by A. cunicularia did not contribute to explain abundance variations of any species.
Early use of steroid‐sparing agents in the inactivation of moderate‐to‐severe active thyroid eye disease: a step‐down approach
Authors: Sipkova Zuzana , Insull Elizabeth A. , David Joel , Turner Helen E. , Keren Shay , Norris Jonathan H. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryObjectivesThe current first‐line treatment for management of active thyroid eye disease (TED) is high‐dose intravenous corticosteroids, which have the potential for serious adverse effects. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of steroid‐sparing agents (SSAs) in patients with moderate‐to‐severe active TED, using methotrexate as first‐line.MethodsPresented is a retrospective, four‐year, single‐centre, consecutive case series of patients with moderate‐to‐severe TED treated using the Oxford protocol. Treatment modality, disease activity, and adverse effects are reported at presentation, 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐up.Results104 consecutive TED patients treated by the Oxford TED team were reviewed. 24 patients with moderate‐to‐severe active disease were identified (mean age 46.8 years;12 female) with a mean pretreatment VISA inflammatory index score of 5.5/10 (SD = 1.98; range 1‐9). Intravenous methyl‐prednisolone (IVMP) and an SSA was commenced in all patients.Mean total steroid dose was 2.72 g (SD = 1.4;1.0‐6.9). 38% of patients (n = 9) received ≤1.5 g of IVMP. Only two patients required >4.5 g of IVMP equating to the EUGOGO treatment protocol dose for this patient group. There was significant improvement in inflammatory index score both at the intermediate review (mean score 2.7; SD = 2.8; P < 0.001; mean follow up 25.2 weeks) and at one year or last follow‐up (mean score 1.4; SD = 1.5; P < 0.001; mean follow up 48.0 weeks). No serious or long‐term adverse effects were reported.ConclusionThis study suggests that the initiation of an SSA, using methotrexate as first‐line, with limited adjuvant IVMP is an effective and safe treatment for moderate‐to‐severely active TED, resulting in a significant reduction in both disease activity and total steroid load.
Pronounced antiepileptic activity of the subtype‐selective GABAA‐positive allosteric modulator PF‐06372865 in the GAERS absence epilepsy model
Authors: Duveau Venceslas , Buhl Derek L. , Evrard Alexis , Ruggiero Céline , Mandé‐Niedergang Betty , Roucard Corinne , Gurrell Rachel 
Published: August 2018

SummaryAimAntiepileptic drugs that modulate GABA have the potential to aggravate or improve the symptoms of absence epilepsy. PF‐06372865 is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of α2/3/5 subunit‐containing GABAA receptors with minimal activity at α1‐containing receptors, which are believed to mediate many of the adverse events associated with benzodiazepines. The aim of this study was to assess the antiepileptic effect of PF‐06372865 in a preclinical model of absence seizures.MethodsGenetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) was implanted with four cortical electrodes over the frontoparietal cortex, and the number and cumulated duration of spike‐and‐wave discharges (SWDs) were recorded for 10‐90 minutes following administration of vehicle, PF‐06372865, and positive controls diazepam and valproate.ResultsPF‐06372865 (0.3, 1, 2, 10 mg kg−1) dose‐dependently reduced the expression of SWDs, including full suppression at the highest doses by 30 minutes after administration.ConclusionsPF‐06372865 demonstrated robust efficacy in suppressing SWDs in the GAERS model of absence epilepsy. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of antiepileptic activity of an α2/3/5‐subtype‐selective GABAA PAM in a model of absence epilepsy. Further study of the antiepileptic properties of PF‐06372865 is warranted in patients with absence seizures.
The development and validation of a multivariable prognostic model to predict foot ulceration in diabetes using a systematic review and individual patient data meta‐analyses
Authors: Crawford F. , Cezard G. , Chappell F. M. ,   the PODUS Group
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimsDiabetes guidelines recommend screening for the risk of foot ulceration but vary substantially in the underlying evidence base. Our purpose was to derive and validate a prognostic model of independent risk factors for foot ulceration in diabetes using all available individual patient data from cohort studies conducted worldwide.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of individual patient data from 10 cohort studies of risk factors in the prediction of foot ulceration in diabetes. Predictors were selected for plausibility, availability and low heterogeneity. Logistic regression produced adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for foot ulceration by ulceration history, monofilament insensitivity, any absent pedal pulse, age, sex and diabetes duration.ResultsThe 10 studies contained data from 16 385 participants. A history of foot ulceration produced the largest OR [6.59 (95% CI 2.49 to 17.45)], insensitivity to a 10 g monofilament [3.18 (95% CI 2.65 to 3.82)] and any absent pedal pulse [1.97 (95% CI 1.62 to 2.39)] were consistently, independently predictive. Combining three predictors produced sensitivities between 90.0% (95% CI 69.9% to 97.2%) and 95.3% (95% CI 84.5% to 98.7%); the corresponding specificities were between 12.1% (95% CI 8.2% to 17.3%) and 63.9% (95% CI 61.1% to 66.6%).ConclusionsThis prognostic model of only three risk factors, a history of foot ulceration, an inability to feel a 10 g monofilament and the absence of any pedal pulse, compares favourably with more complex approaches to foot risk assessment recommended in clinical diabetes guidelines.
Reduced vitamin D levels in painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Shillo P. , Selvarajah D. , Greig M. , Gandhi R. , Rao G. , Wilkinson I. D. , Anand P. , Tesfaye S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractAimRecent studies have reported an association between low vitamin D levels and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, many of these did not differentiate between people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy and those with painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy, or assess major confounding factors including sunlight exposure and daily activity. Our study addressed these limitations and evaluated vitamin D levels in people with carefully phenotyped diabetic peripheral neuropathy and controls.MethodsForty‐five white Europeans with Type 2 diabetes and 14 healthy volunteers underwent clinical and neurophysiological assessments. People with Type 2 diabetes were then divided into three groups (17 with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, 14 with painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy and 14 with no diabetic peripheral neuropathy). All had seasonal sunlight exposure and daily activity measured, underwent a lower limb skin biopsy and had 25‐hydroxyvitamin D measured during the summer months, July to September.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, BMI, activity score and sunlight exposure, 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels (nmol/l) (se) were significantly lower in people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy [painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy 34.9 (5.8), healthy volunteers 62.05 (6.7), no diabetic peripheral neuropathy 49.6 (6.1), painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy 53.1 (6.2); ANCOVAP = 0.03]. Direct logistic regression was used to assess the impact of seven independent variables on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Vitamin D was the only independent variable to make a statistically significant contribution to the model with an inverted odds ratio of 1.11. Lower 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels also correlated with lower cold detection thresholds (r = 0.39, P = 0.02) and subepidermal nerve fibre densities (r = 0.42, P = 0.01).ConclusionsWe have demonstrated a significant difference in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels in well‐characterized people with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy, while accounting for the main confounding factors. This suggests a possible role for vitamin D in the pathogenesis of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Further prospective and intervention trials are required to prove causality between low vitamin D levels and painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Towards new learning environments—Collective civic actions as learning interventions in post‐Communist Belgrade
Authors: Popović Katarina , Maksimović Maja , Jovanović Aleksa 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThis article focuses on the social dimension of well‐being, based on a critical analysis of the way it is conceptualised in late capitalism: As the dimensions of individual state of mind and body, something that evolves in the individual realm, stressing personal responsibility and achievement of well‐being as a solitary act. Then, the contemporary conceptualisation and approaches to policy making for well‐being are compared with the policy of adult and youth education and learning. The perspective of a strong individual orientation, detachment from the social, community and collective aspects and efforts seem to be a common denominator. Agency is considered not only as a possibility for individuals to create and change the environment, but also as a process of active co‐construction of social reality. This includes (re)connection with a community, very often through new ways of community learning, civic actions and civic activities. An analysis of how these perspectives converge in civic interventions in urban areas of Belgrade places togetherness at the core of the broader approach to well‐being and learning. This article presents several examples of civic activities in urban spaces whose learning character is interpreted within the concept of public pedagogy. The examples presented prevail in the post‐Communist countries because public spaces as zones of civic interventions can oppose the controlling authority and through the fight for human and civil rights represent the bottom line of togetherness and collective agency. Learning through collective civic actions thus provides new ways of understanding well‐being.