bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombolytische Therapieformen im Kindesalter
Authors: Vielhaber H. , Nowak-Göttl Ulrike , Kehl H. G. 
Published: July 2018

Zusammenfassung:Thrombosen und Embolien sind im Kindesalter nicht zu unterschätzen. Typische Ursachen sind zentrale Katheter, Herzkatheteruntersuchungen mit Intervention, größere operative Eingriffe neben primären oder sekundären Mangelzuständen von Gerinnungsinhibitoren. Geschätzt wird eine Inzidenz von etwa 5 auf 10000 hospitalisierte Kinder mit einer Mortalität von 2%, einer Rezidivrate von 7-18% sowie der Entwicklung postthrombotischer Syndrome in 20% der Fälle. Die Erfahrungen mit thrombolytischen Therapieformen im Kindesalter sind begrenzt. In mehreren Studien gut dokumentiert sind Thrombolysen von akuten Verschlüssen der Femoralarterien nach Herzkatheruntersuchungen: In 10 Studien wurden 147 von 164 (90%) Patienten erfolgreich lysiert, lokale Blutungen traten bei 41 von 164 (25%) auf. Auf kleinere Studien begrenzt sind Therapien von Thrombosen in den Nierenvenen, den zentralvenösen Gefäßen sowie im rechten Atrium. Erfahrungen mit Lysen linksatrialer, linksventrikulärer oder aortaler Thrombosen sowie Lungenembolien im Kindesalter liegen bisher nur in Form von Kasuistiken vor.
Thrombolytische Therapie mit Urokinase bei hämolytisch-urämischem Syndrom
Authors: Löffler G. , Seyfert U. T. , Limbach H.-G. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungVier Kleinkinder im Alter zwischen 1 7 Monaten und 3½ Jahren wurden unmittel-bar nach Sicherung der Diagnose eines post-gastroenteritischen hämolytischurämischen Syndromes fibrinolytisch mit niedrig dosierter Urokinase (Dauerinfusion von 1000 E/kg/h) und antikoagulatorisch mit Heparin (15-25 E/kg/h) be-handelt. Bei Kreatininwerten von 3,0 bis 5,9 mg/dl und Harnstoffkonzentrationen von 179 bis 269 mg/dl war in allen 4 Fällen noch eine Restdiurese vorhanden, die unter kontinuierlicher Furosemid-Infusion in Verbindung mit der Lysetherapie innerhalb weniger Stunden in eine Polyurie überging. Die Dauer der Lysetherapie betrug im Mittel 88 Stunden (64-108 h). Die Parameter der Hämolyse und der Nierenfunktion konnten in allen Fällen ohne Dialyseverfahren und Plasmapheresen normalisiert werden. In zwei Fällen entwickelte sich bei normaler Nierenfunktion ein behandlungsbedürftiger Hypertonus.
Fibrinolytische Behandlung zweier Säuglinge mit fulminanter Meningokokkensepsis
Authors: Muntean W. , Gallistl S. , Zenz W. 
Published: July 2018

ZusammenfassungDie fulminante Meningokokkensepsis ist eine hochletale Erkrankung mit einem schwersten septischen Schock und progredienten dermalen Thrombosen mit histologisch nachweisbaren disseminierten intravasalen Mikrothromben. Bereits vor 20 Jahren wurde unter der Vorstellung einer Verbesserung der Organdurchblutung durch eine fibrinolytische Behandlung Streptokinase verwendet. Im Gegensatz zu Streptokinase entspricht der rekombinante Gewebe-Plasmino-genaktivator (rt-PA) dem physiologischen Aktivator der menschlichen Fibrinolyse und interferiert spezifisch mit dem bei dieser Erkrankung massiv erhöhten Plasminogenaktivator-Inhibitor 1. Weiters induziert rt-PA eine fibrinselektive Fibrinolyse mit nur geringem Fibrinogenabfall und ist wegen seiner kürzeren Halbwertszeit besser zu steuern als Streptokinase. Wir beschreiben den Einsatz von rt-PA bei der erfolgreichen Therapie von zwei Säuglingen mit fulminanter Meningokokkensepsis. Bei beiden Kindern wurde rt-PA als Ultima ratio verwendet, nachdem die »konventionelle« Therapie wirkungslos geblieben war. Wir hatten den klinischen Eindruck, daß die Gabe von rt-PA eng mit dem Wiederauftreten der peripheren Mikrozirkulation und der Durchbrechung des Schocks assoziiert war. Obwohl beide Kinder eine komplexe Behandlung erhielten, glauben wir, daß eine fibrinolytische Therapie mit rt-PA bei lebensbedrohlichen Verläufen einer Meningokokkensepsis eine experimentelle therapeutische Option darstellt.
Prevention and Management of Bleeding Risk Related to Invasive Procedures in Cirrhosis
Authors: Schepis Filippo , Turco Laura , Bianchini Marcello , Villa Erica 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCirrhosis represents the end stage of chronic liver disease and its transition from a compensated to a decompensated status is mainly driven by portal hypertension and systemic inflammation. Although relevant modifications in the evaluation of the coagulative balance in cirrhosis across its natural history have occurred and alterations in routine indices of hemostasis have lost their role as indicators of the hemorrhagic risk of patients with liver cirrhosis, these are still perceived as prone to bleed when admitted to invasive procedures. This view, which is still present in guidelines addressing the management of bleeding risk, makes preprocedural transfusion of plasma and platelets still an ongoing clinical practice. In this review, we describe the limitations of both bleeding risk assessment in cirrhotic patients admitted to radiologic and endoscopic invasive procedures and evaluate whether preventive strategies indicated by current guidelines can affect the procedure-related hemorrhagic events.
Flap Reconstruction of the Abdominal Wall
Authors: Baumann Donald , Roubaud Margaret 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDue to the abundant and lax tissue of the abdominal wall, most ventral trunk defects are amenable to local soft tissue closure. However, when abdominal defects are accompanied by a lack of soft tissue, the surgeon faces a more complex subset of reconstructions. Three important principles guide the reconstruction of these wounds: timing of closure, careful assessment of the true extent of the wound, and the components of the defect. This article focuses on these three guiding principles and suggests the authors' preferred technique for these difficult defects.
Retromuscular Sublay Technique for Ventral Hernia Repair
Authors: Rhemtulla Irfan , Fischer John 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRives and Stoppa described the sublay technique of hernia repair more than half a century ago, but it took almost three decades to become truly appreciated and even longer for its full clinical potential and benefits to be realized. Modifications to the original operation have significantly improved surgical approaches, postsurgical outcomes, and quality of life. The retromuscular approach requires technical expertise and a firm grasp of the anatomy. With constant substitution of the terms sublay, retrorectus, retromuscular, preperitoneal, and Rives-Stoppa throughout the literature, the nuances need to be distinguished to appreciate the surgical planes encountered during the operation. This article explains the origin of the nomenclature while clarifying these terms, describing the technique, highlighting outcomes, and discussing future considerations.
Endoscopic Endonasal Odontoidectomy: Nuances of Neurosurgical Technique
Authors: Romero Flavio , Vieira Rodolfo , Ancheschi Bruno 
Published: July 2018

AbstractOdontoidectomy is the treatment of choice for some diseases that cause irreducible ventral compression of the brainstem. In this study, we present our series emphasizing the technical nuances of endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy.
Enhancing antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity: a strategy for improving antibody-based immunotherapy
Authors: Zahavi David , AlDeghaither Dalal , O’Connell Allison , Weiner Louis M 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
The targeting of surface antigens expressed on tumor cells by monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has revolutionized cancer therapeutics. One mechanism of action of antibody-based immunotherapy is the activation of immune effector cells to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). This review will summarize the process of ADCC, its important role in the efficacy of mAb therapy, how to measure it, and finally future strategies for antibody design that can take advantage of it to improve clinical performance.
Numerical Analysis of Bifurcation Angles and Branch Patterns in Intracranial Aneurysm Formation
Authors: Sasaki Tetsuo , Kakizawa Yukinari , Yoshino Masato , Fujii Yasuhiro , Yoroi Ikumi , Ichikawa Yozo , Horiuchi Tetsuyoshi , Hongo Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Hemodynamic factors, especially wall shear stress (WSS), are generally thought to play an important role in intracranial aneurysm (IA) formation. IAs frequently occur at bifurcation apices, where the vessels are exposed to the impact of WSS.

OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the relationship between bifurcation geometry and WSS for IA formation.

METHODS
Twenty-one bifurcation models varying in branch angles and branch diameters were made with 3-dimensional computer-aided design software. In all models, the value of maximum WSS (WSSMAX), the area of high WSS (AREA), and the magnitude of wall shear force over AREA (

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) were investigated by the steady-flow simulation of computational fluid dynamics.

RESULTS
On the basis of statistical analysis, WSSMAX tended to be high when the bifurcation angle and/or branch diameter was small. AREA and

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significantly increase as the bifurcation and/or the branch angle became larger.

CONCLUSION
The magnitude of WSS strongly correlated with bifurcation geometry. In addition to high WSS, AREA and

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were thought to affect IA formation. Observed bifurcation geometry may predict IA formation. Large branch angles and small branch may increase the risk of IA formation.
Henry David Thoreau
Authors: Robinson David M. 
Published: July 2018

Henry David Thoreau (b. 1817–d. 1862) is best known as the author of Walden (1854), a pivotal work in American nature writing, and “Civil Disobedience” (1849), an influential call to resist war and slavery. Soon after graduating from Harvard College in 1836, Thoreau was befriended by Ralph Waldo Emerson, whose Nature (1836) depicted the natural world as a book of spiritual and ethical wisdom. Emerson encouraged Thoreau’s writing and journal keeping, and provided space on his property near Walden Pond for a writing retreat. The book that Thoreau wrote there, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers (1849), was a disappointing commercial failure. However, Thoreau’s effort to explain his experiment in solitude to his Concord neighbors yielded Walden, a literary masterpiece. Walden presented not only a moving description of a life close to nature as the seasons move through the year, but also a scalding critique of social institutions, conventional politics, and the deadness of conformist life. The writing of Walden, completed after Thoreau’s 1847 return to Concord, was an extended process in which Thoreau worked through seven drafts. Midway through the composition, in the early 1850s, Thoreau underwent an intellectual reorientation that can be described as a conversion from poet-philosopher to naturalist-scientist. He devoted effort to his Journal as a record of nature observation during his daily hikes. The gathering and organization of the particular facts of natural history gradually became his principal task until his death in 1862. His developing naturalist sensibility is evident in essays such as “Walking,” “Wild Apples,” and “Autumnal Tints.” These works retained his descriptive craft and vital prose style, and demonstrated his observational practice in the natural world. These essays were published in the early 1860s, but other projects such as Wild Fruits and his seasonal “Kalendar” of Concord remained unfinished. These and other works have been brought to life by recent research and scholarly editing of his surviving manuscripts. The recent discovery that Thoreau’s seasonal records could serve as a source for the scientific measurement of climate change has brought a new attention to the value of his later natural history investigations, showing him as a naturalist fully in step with the developments of 19th-century science. Thoreau’s antislavery fervor increased as the Civil War approached, and he followed the publication of “Civil Disobedience” with political essays characterized by an ardent condemnation of slavery and an impassioned defense of abolitionist John Brown.
Improved analytical model for the mass distribution in S-type galaxies
Authors: Lipovka Anton A 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We propose a potential function that describes the gravitational potential of a spiral galaxy. We suggest a corresponding density distribution function which is simpler and more convenient for calculation when compared, for example, with the Miyamoto–Nagai (MN) one. The density distribution functions corresponding to MN and to our potential are compared for the Galaxy. Convenient analytical expressions for the corresponding rotation curves and the total baryon mass of a galaxy are suggested.
Upregulation of microRNA‐351 exerts protective effects during sepsis by ameliorating skeletal muscle wasting through the Tead‐4‐mediated blockade of the Hippo signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Li‐Na , Tian Hui , Zhou Xiu‐Li , Tian Suo‐Chen , Zhang Xi‐Hong , Wu Tie‐Jun 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTSepsis‐induced skeletal muscle wasting may lead to various severe clinical consequences. Understanding molecular mechanisms of the regulation of the loss of skeletal muscle mass in septic patients remains a significant clinical challenge. The current study was conducted to establish septic mouse models to explore the relationship between microRNA (miR)‐351 and the transcription element apical (TEA) domain transcription factor (Tead)‐4 gene and to investigate its effects on the skeletal muscle through mediating the Hippo signaling pathway in mice with acute sepsis. A total of 60 mice were collected to establish mouse models of acute sepsis. The positive expression rate of Tead‐4 and the apoptotic index (AI) were measured. A dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to verify the targeting relationship between miR‐351 and Tead‐4. Furthermore, the muscle fiber diameter (MFD) and area (MFA) and the content of 3‐methylhistidine (3‐MH) and tyrosine (Tyr) were assessed. The expression levels of miR‐351, p38‐MAPK, Yes‐associated protein, Tead‐4, B‐cell lymphoma X protein (Bax), and Caspase‐3 were determined with quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Finally, cell viability, apoptosis, and levels of inflammatory factors, including IL‐1β, IL‐6, IGF‐1, TNF‐α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 were detected by 3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, and ELISA. Initially, Tead‐4 protein expression was higher in skeletal muscle tissues of mice with acute sepsis. Tead‐4 was identified to negatively regulate miR‐351. Upregulation of miR‐351 increased MFA and MFD, muscle weight water content, Bcl‐2 expression levels, and cell viability. Up‐regulation of miR‐351 reduced AI; 3‐MH and Tyr content; positive expression of Tead‐4 protein; the expression levels of p38‐MAPK, Yap, Tead‐4, Bax, and Caspase‐3; apoptosis; and inflammatory responses. The current study demonstrated that up‐regulation of miR‐351 inhibits the degradation of skeletal muscle protein and the atrophy of skeletal muscle in mice with acute sepsis by targeting Tead‐4 through suppression of the Hippo signaling pathway. Thus, miR‐351 overexpression may be a future therapeutic strategy for acute sepsis.—Zhang, L.‐N., Tian, H., Zhou, X.‐L., Tian, S.‐C., Zhang, X.‐H., Wu, T.‐J. Upregulation of microRNA‐351 exerts protective effects during sepsis by ameliorating skeletal muscle wasting through the Tead‐4‐mediated blockade of the Hippo signaling pathway. FASEB J. 32, 6934–6947 (2018). www.fasebj.org
H+- and Na+-elicited swift changes of the microtubule system in the biflagellated green algaChlamydomonas
Authors: Liu Yi , Visetsouk Mike , Mynlieff Michelle , Qin Hongmin , Lechtreck Karl F. , Yang Pinfen 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe microtubule cytoskeletal system is integral to diverse cellular processes. Although microtubules are known for dynamic instability, the system is tightly controlled in typical interphase animal cells. In contrast, diverse evidence suggests that the system is mercurial in the unicellular fresh water green alga,Chlamydomonas, but intense autofluorescence from photosynthesis pigments has hindered the investigation. By expressing a bright fluorescent reporter protein at the endogenous level, we demonstrate in real time discreet sweeping changes in algal microtubules elicited by fluctuation of intracellular H+and Na+. These results suggest disparate sensitivity of this vital yet delicate system in diverse organisms; and illuminate how pH may drive crucial cellular processes; how plants respond to, and perhaps sense stresses; and how many species could be susceptible to accelerated changes in global environments.
Sensory Over-Responsivity: Parent Report, Direct Assessment Measures, and Neural Architecture
Authors: Tavassoli Teresa , Brandes-Aitken Anne , Chu Robyn , Porter Lisa , Schoen Sarah , Miller Lucy Jane , Gerdes Molly Rae , Owen Julia , Mukherjee Pratik , Marco Elysa J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundSensory processing differences are common across neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, reliable measures are needed to understand biologic underpinnings of these differences. This study aims to define a scoring methodology specific to tactile (TOR) and auditory (AOR) over-responsivity. Second, using MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging, we seek to determine whether children with AOR show measurable differences in their white matter integrity.MethodsThis study includes children with AOR and TOR from a mixed neurodevelopmental disorders cohort including autism and sensory processing dysfunction (n= 176) as well as neurotypical children (n= 128). We established cut-off scores for over-responsivity using the parent report: Short Sensory Profile (SSP), and the direct assessment: Sensory Processing-Three Dimensions:Assessment (SP-3D:A). Group comparisons, based on AOR phenotype, were then conducted comparing the white matter fractional anisotropy in 23 regions of interest.ResultsUsing the direct assessment, 31% of the children with neurodevelopmental disorders had AOR and 27% had TOR. The Inter-test-agreement between SSP and SP-3D:A for AOR was 65% and TOR was 50%. Children with AOR had three white matter tracts showing decreased fractional anisotropy relative to children without AOR.ConclusionsThis study identified cut scores for AOR and TOR using the SSP parent report and SP-3D:A observation. A combination of questionnaire and direct observation measures should be used in clinical and research settings. The SSP parent report and SP-3D:A direct observation ratings overlapped moderately for sensory related behaviors. Based on these initial structural neuroimaging results, we suggest a putative neural network may contribute to AOR.
Genomics ofCryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Ashton PM , Thanh LT , Trieu PH , Van Anh D , Trinh NM , Beardsley J , Kibengo F , Chierakul W , Dance DAB , Hung LQ , Chau NVV , Tung NLN , Chan AK , Thwaites GE , Lalloo DG , Anscombe C , Nhat LTH , Perfect J , Dougan G , Baker S , Harris S , Day JN 
Published: July 2018

AbstractC. neoformansvar.grubii(C. neoformans) is an environmentally acquired pathogen causing 181 000 HIV-associated deaths each year. We used whole genome sequencing (WGS) to characterise 699 isolates, primarilyC. neoformansfrom HIV-infected patients, from 5 countries in Asia and Africa. We found that 91% of our clinical isolates belonged to one of three highly clonal sub-clades of VNIa, which we have termed VNIa-4, VNIa-5 and VNIa-93. Parsimony analysis revealed frequent, long distance transmissions ofC. neoformans; international transmissions took place on 13% of VNIa-4 branches, and intercontinental transmissions on 7% of VNIa-93 branches. The median length of within sub-clade internal branches was 3-6 SNPs, while terminal branches were 44.5-77.5 SNPs. The short median internal branches were partly driven by the large number (12-15% of internal branches) of polytomies in the within-sub-clade trees. To simultaneously explain our observation of no apparent molecular clock, short internal branches and frequent polytomies we hypothesise thatC. neoformansVNIa spends much of its time in the environment in a quiescent state, while, when it is sampled, it has almost always undergone an extended period of growth. Infections with VNIa-93 were associated with a significantly reduced risk of death by 10 weeks compared with infections with VNIa-4 (Hazard Ratio = 0.45, p = 0.003). We detected a recombination in the mitochondrial sequence of VNIa-5, suggesting that mitochondria could be involved in the propensity of this sub-clade to infect HIV-uninfected patients. These data highlight the insight into the biology and epidemiology of pathogenic fungi which can be gained from WGS data.
Assessing the impact of taxon resolution on network structure, with implication for comparative ecology
Authors: Hemprich-Bennett David R. , Oliveira Hernani F. M. , Le Comber Steven C. , Rossiter Stephen J. , Clare Elizabeth L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractConstructing networks has become an indispensable approach in understanding how different taxa interact. However, methodologies vary widely among studies, potentially limiting our ability to meaningfully compare results. In particular, how network architecture is influenced by the extent to which nodes are resolved to either taxa or taxonomic units is poorly understood. To address this, here we collate nine datasets of ecological interactions, from both observations and DNA metabarcoding, and construct networks under a range of commonly-used node resolutions. We demonstrate that small changes in node resolution can cause wide variation in almost all key metric values, including robustness and nestedness. Moreover, relative values of metrics such as robustness were seen to fluctuate continuously with node resolution, thereby potentially confounding comparisons of networks, as well as interpretations concerning their constituent ecological interactions. These findings highlight the need for care when comparing networks, especially where these differ with respect to node resolution.Statement of authorshipDRHB, SJR and ELC conceived of the project, DRHB facilitated fieldwork in Malaysia, DRHB, HFMO and ELC undertook field collections, DRHB, SCLC and HFMO analysed the data, and DRHB wrote the manuscript with input from all authors.Data Accessibility StatementAll data used in this analysis will be archived in Dryad and made available by DOI. Specific analysis scripts are available on GitHub with links given in the manuscript.