bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative representation of neural activation in multivariate models of neurovascular coupling in humans
Authors: Panerai Ronney B. , Hanby Martha F. , Robinson Thompson G. , Haunton Victoria J. 
Published: June 2019

Neural stimulation leads to increases in cerebral blood flow (CBF), but simultaneous changes in covariates, such as arterial blood pressure (BP) and [Formula: see text], rule out the use of CBF changes as a reliable marker of neurovascular coupling (NVC) integrity. Healthy subjects performed repetitive (1 Hz) passive elbow flexion with their dominant arm for 60 s. CBF velocity (CBFV) was recorded bilaterally in the middle cerebral artery with transcranial Doppler, BP with the Finometer device, and end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) with capnography. The simultaneous effects of neural stimulation, BP, and [Formula: see text] on CBFV were expressed with a dynamic multivariate model, using BP, EtCO2, and stimulation [ s( t)] as inputs. Two versions of s( t) were considered: a gate function [ sG( t)] or an orthogonal decomposition [ sO( t)] function. A separate CBFV step response was extracted from the model for each of the three inputs, providing estimates of dynamic cerebral autoregulation [CA; autoregulation index (ARI)], CO2 reactivity [vasomotor reactivity step response (VMRSR)], and NVC [stimulus step response (STIMSR)]. In 56 subjects, 224 model implementations produced excellent predictive CBFV correlation (median r = 0.995). Model-generated sO( t), for both dominant (DH) and nondominant (NDH) hemispheres, was highly significant during stimulation (<10−5) and was correlated with the CBFV change ( r = 0.73, P = 0.0001). The sO( t) explained a greater fraction of CBFV variance (~50%) than sG( t) (44%, P = 0.002). Most CBFV step responses to the three inputs were physiologically plausible, with better agreement for the CBFV-BP step response yielding ARI values of 7.3 for both DH and NDH for sG( t), and 6.9 and 7.4 for sO( t), respectively. No differences between DH and NDH were observed for VMRSR or STIMSR. A new procedure is proposed to represent the contribution from other aspects of CBF regulation than BP and CO2 in response to sensorimotor stimulation, as a tool for integrated, noninvasive, assessment of the multiple influences of dynamic CA, CO2 reactivity, and NVC in humans. NEW & NOTEWORTHY A new approach was proposed to identify the separate contributions of stimulation, arterial blood pressure (BP), and arterial CO2 ([Formula: see text]) to the cerebral blood flow (CBF) response observed in neurovascular coupling (NVC) studies in humans. Instead of adopting an empirical gate function to represent the stimulation input, a model-generated function is derived as part of the modeling process, providing a representation of the NVC response, independent of the contributions of BP or [Formula: see text]. This new marker of NVC, together with the model-predicted outputs for the contributions of BP, [Formula: see text] and stimulation, has considerable potential to both quantify and simultaneously integrate the separate mechanisms involved in CBF regulation, namely, cerebral autoregulation, CO2 reactivity and other contributions.
Range extension of Trigonella uncata Boiss. & Noë (Leguminosae) in peninsular India and a new record for Maharashtra State, India
Authors: Ingalhalikar Shrikant , Dharap Adittya Vishwanath 
Published: June 2019

Trigonella uncata Boiss. & Noë (Leguminosae) was recently collected from Pune District of Maharashtra State, which is a range extension of the species in peninsular India and a new record for the state. Description, images, and notes are provided to facilitate the identification of the species.
First camera trap record of Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Cuvier, 1825) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Ailuridae) from Khangchendzonga, Sikkim, India
Authors: Bashir Tawqir , Bhattacharya Tapajit , Poudyal Kamal , Sathyakumar Sambandam 
Published: June 2019

The Red Panda Ailurus fulgens (Cuvier, 1825) is recognized as one of the most elusive arboreal carnivores of the eastern Himalaya that is poorly documented. We report the first camera trap record of the Red Panda from the Prek catchment of Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve (KBR) in Sikkim, India. A total of three independent image captures were recorded during the sampling. All occurrence records were exclusively from the sub-alpine habitat and restricted to an elevation range of 3,000–3,850 m. This study not only accentuates the significance of sub-alpine habitats for the conservation of the Red Panda but also elucidates the importance of camera traps as an efficient sampling tool. Through this study, we propose the requirement of a long-term study on the species within and outside the protected areas of Sikkim.
First record of black scavenger fly of the genus Meroplius Rondani, 1874 (Diptera: Sepsidae) from Pakistan
Authors: Fatima Noor , Tamkeen Ansa , Hassan Muhammad Asghar 
Published: June 2019

A new record is added to the black scavenger fly fauna of Pakistan by the reporting of Meroplius minutus (Wiedemann, 1830), a rare species from Rawalakot, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. The genus is also a new record for the country. Diagnostic characters of both the genus and the species are provided in detail with the help of images. In addition, detailed distribution notes and information about their habitats are provided.
Acute Limb Ischemia in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Hess Connie N. , Huang Zhen , Patel Manesh R. , Baumgartner Iris , Berger Jeffrey S. , Blomster Juuso I. , Fowkes F. Gerry R. , Held Peter , Jones W. Schuyler , Katona Brian , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Norgren Lars , Rockhold Frank W. , Hiatt William R. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is an important clinical event and an emerging cardiovascular clinical trial outcome. Risk factors for and outcomes after ALI have not been fully evaluated.

Methods:
EUCLID (Examining Use of Ticagrelor in Peripheral Artery Disease) randomized patients with peripheral artery disease to ticagrelor versus clopidogrel. Enrollment criteria included an ankle-brachial index ≤0.80 or previous lower extremity revascularization. Patients were grouped according to the primary outcome, postrandomization ALI hospitalization. Baseline factors associated with ALI were identified using Cox proportional hazards modeling. Models with ALI hospitalization as a time-dependent covariate were developed for secondary outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, ischemic stroke), all-cause mortality, and major amputation.

Results:

Among 13 885 patients, 1.7% (n=232) had 293 ALI hospitalizations (0.8 per 100 patient-years). Patients with versus without ALI were younger and more often had previous peripheral revascularization and lower baseline ankle-brachial index. Treatment during ALI hospitalization included endovascular revascularization (39.2%, n=115), surgical bypass (24.6%, n=72), and major amputation (13.0%, n=38). After multivariable adjustment, any previous peripheral revascularization (Hazard Ratio [HR] 4.7, 95% CI 3.3–6.8,
P
<0.01), baseline atrial fibrillation (HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.2,
P
=0.03), and baseline ankle-brachial index ≤0.60 (HR 1.3 per 0.10 decrease, 95% CI 1.1–1.5,
P
<0.01) were associated with higher ALI risk. Older age (HR 0.8 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 0.7–1.0,
P
=0.02) and baseline statin use (HR 0.7, 95% CI 0.5–0.9,
P
<0.01) were associated with lower risk for ALI. There was no relationship between randomized treatment to ticagrelor or clopidogrel and ALI. Among patients with previous revascularization, surgical versus endovascular procedures performed more than 6 months prior were associated with ALI (adjusted HR 2.63, 95% CI 1.75–3.96). In the overall population, ALI hospitalization was associated with subsequent MACE (adjusted HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0–2.1,
P
=0.04), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 3.3, 95% CI 2.4–4.6,
P
<0.01), and major amputation (adjusted HR 34.2, 95% CI 9.7–20.8,
P
<0.01).

Conclusions:
Previous peripheral revascularization, baseline atrial fibrillation, and lower ankle-brachial index identify peripheral artery disease patients at heightened risk for ALI, an event associated with subsequent cardiovascular and limb-related morbidity and mortality.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01732822.
Contributing to the progress of descriptive taxonomy
Authors: ZHANG ZHI-QIANG 
Published: June 2019

One of the fundamental quests of biology is discovering how many species inhabit the Earth. Yet the vast majority of the world’s animal species are waiting to be discovered, named and described—estimates of the total number vary from 5 to 30 million. Most biologists would agree that taxonomy is important and fundamental to credible biology, and descriptive taxonomy is the most important task of taxonomy (Wheeler 2007). Unfortunately, the reality is that descriptive taxonomy has been marginalized since the mid-1950s and has sustained serious losses in funding and academic positions in universities and museums around the world, especially since phylogenetic and molecular studies became popular in the last twenty years. During this period, there has also been an important historical trend in taxonomic publishing—many journal publishers/editors have been making increasing demands on authors to provide phylogenetic analysis, molecular systematics, and other modern types of information in taxonomic papers. In addition, there are long publication delays and/or increasing page charges for many journals that do publish descriptive taxonomic papers. Zootaxa was founded in 2001 to provide a much-needed outlet for descriptive taxonomic papers and monographs that are difficult to publish elsewhere, and as a result has received tremendous support from taxonomists worldwide, despite the fact that it is a grass-roots project without support from government and institutions (Zhang 2006a). Zootaxa satisfied the publishing need of many zoological taxonomists, and sustained a period of rapid growth during 2001 to 2006 (Zhang 2006b). During the last two years, it has continued to grow in size, and especially in its impact, and has become a major force in reviving descriptive taxonomy on a global scale. Here I summarize some encouraging data on the growth of Zootaxa and its impact. I also comment on its contribution to the progress of descriptive taxonomy.
What Controls the Duration of El Niño and La Niña Events?
Authors: Wu Xian , Okumura Yuko M. , DiNezio Pedro N. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The temporal evolution of El Niño and La Niña varies greatly from event to event. To understand the dynamical processes controlling the duration of El Niño and La Niña events, a suite of observational data and a long control simulation of the Community Earth System Model, version 1, are analyzed. Both observational and model analyses show that the duration of El Niño is strongly affected by the timing of onset. El Niño events that develop early tend to terminate quickly after the mature phase because of the early arrival of delayed negative oceanic feedback and fast adjustments of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans to the tropical Pacific Ocean warming. The duration of La Niña events is, on the other hand, strongly influenced by the amplitude of preceding warm events. La Niña events preceded by a strong warm event tend to persist into the second year because of large initial discharge of the equatorial oceanic heat content and delayed adjustments of the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans to the tropical Pacific cooling. For both El Niño and La Niña, the interbasin sea surface temperature (SST) adjustments reduce the anomalous SST gradient toward the tropical Pacific and weaken surface wind anomalies over the western equatorial Pacific, hastening the event termination. Other factors external to the dynamics of El Niño–Southern Oscillation, such as coupled variability in the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans and atmospheric variability over the North Pacific, also contribute to the diversity of event duration.
Similarity Theory in the Surface Layer of Large-Eddy Simulations of the Wind-, Wave-, and Buoyancy-Forced Southern Ocean
Authors: Large William G. , Patton Edward G. , DuVivier Alice K. , Sullivan Peter P. , Romero Leonel 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMonin–Obukhov similarity theory is applied to the surface layer of large-eddy simulations (LES) of deep Southern Ocean boundary layers. Observations from the Southern Ocean Flux Station provide a wide range of wind, buoyancy, and wave (Stokes drift) forcing. Two No-Stokes LES are used to determine the extent of the ocean surface layer and to adapt the nondimensional momentum and buoyancy gradients, as functions of the stability parameter. Stokes-forced LES are used to modify this parameter for wave effects, then to formulate dependencies of Stokes similarity functions on a Stokes parameter ξ. To account for wind-wave misalignment, the dimensional analysis is extended with two independent variables, namely, the production of turbulent kinetic energy in the surface layer due to Stokes shear and the total production, so that their ratio gives ξ. Stokes forcing is shown to reduce vertical shear more than stratification, and to enhance viscosity and diffusivity by factors up to 5.8 and 4.0, respectively, such that the Prandtl number can exceed unity. A practical parameterization is developed for ξ in terms of the meteorological forcing plus a Stokes drift profile, so that the Stokes and stability similarity functions can be combined to give turbulent velocity scales. These scales for both viscosity and diffusivity are evaluated against the LES, and the correlations are nearly 0.97. The benefit of calculating Stokes drift profiles from directional wave spectra is demonstrated by similarly evaluating three alternatives.
A Heuristic Approach for Precipitation Data Assimilation: Characterization Using OSSEs
Authors: Pérez Hortal Andrés A. , Zawadzki Isztar , Yau M. K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We introduce a new technique for the assimilation of precipitation observations, the localized ensemble mosaic assimilation (LEMA). The method constructs an analysis by selecting, for each vertical column in the model, the ensemble member with precipitation at the ground that is locally closest to the observed values. The proximity between the modeled and observed precipitation is determined by the mean absolute difference of precipitation intensity, converted to reflectivity and measured over a spatiotemporal window centered at each grid point of the model. The underlying hypothesis of the approach is that the ensemble members that are locally closer to the observed precipitation are more probable to be closer to the “truth” in the state variables than the other members. The initial conditions for the new forecast are obtained by nudging the background states toward the mosaic of the closest ensemble members (analysis) over a 30 min time interval, reducing the impacts of the imbalances at the boundaries between the different selected members. The potential of the method is studied using observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs) employing a small ensemble of 20 members. The ensemble is produced by the WRF Model, run at a horizontal grid spacing of 20 km. The experiments lend support to the validity of the hypothesis and allow the determination of the optimal parameters for the approach. In the context of OSSE, this new data assimilation technique is able to produce forecasts with considerable and long-lived error reductions in the fields of precipitation, temperature, humidity, and wind.
Correlation Between HMGB1 and TLR4 Expression in Sinonasal Mucosa in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Taziki Mohammad Hossein , Azarhoush Ramin , Taziki Mohammad Mahdi , Naghavi-Alhosseini Mahdieh , Javid Naeme , Davoodi Homa 
Published: June 2019

Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is one of the most common inflammations in the upper airway. Despite the wide prevalence of CRS, the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. Several components of the innate immune system may play a significant role in CRS, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR9, and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). This study was conducted to determine the expression of TLR4, TLR9, HMGB1, and pNFκ-B p65 in paraffin-embedded blocks of patients with CRS with nasal polyps compared with those of the control group. Methods: Twenty-six formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from patients with confirmed CRS and 26 patients undergoing septoplasty due to anatomic variations and no other inflammatory nasal diseases as the control group were assessed. Expression patterns of HMGB1, TLR9, TLR4, and pNFκ-B p65 genes were examined using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time qRT-PCR). Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS and analyzed using unpaired 2-tailed t tests or 1-way analysis of variance. Results: Real-time PCR showed that the expression level of HMGB1 messenger RNA was significantly increased in the tissues of patients with CRS compared with controls ( P < .05). The other 3 genes were also upregulated in the patients, but were not significant compared with control. Analysis of the Pearson correlation coefficient ( r) revealed a significant positive correlation between HMGB1 and TLR4 ( r = 0.79, P < .05) in patients and negative correlation between TLR4 and NfκB in the control group ( r = 0.94; P < .05). Conclusions: Both HMGB1 and TLR4 are increased in the paranasal sinus mucosa of patients with CRS. These results suggest a possible contribution of HMGB1 and its internal receptor (TLR4) in the pathophysiology of CRS.
Pre-pregnancy parental BMI and offspring blood pressure in infancy
Authors: Jansen Maria Adriana Cornelia , Dalmeijer Geertje W , Saldi Siti RF , Grobbee Diederick E , Baharuddin Mohammad , Uiterwaal Cuno SPM , Idris Nikmah S 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimsA growing body of evidence suggests that a higher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index results in higher offspring’s blood pressure, but there is inconsistency about the impact of father’s body mass index. Furthermore, evidence is limited with regard to low and middle income countries. We aimed to determine the association between parental pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring’s blood pressure during the first year of life.MethodsIn 587 infants of the BReastfeeding Attitude and Volume Optimization (BRAVO) trial systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured twice at the right leg in a supine position, using an automatic oscillometric device at day 7, month 1, 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12. Parental pre-pregnancy body mass index was based on self-reported weight and height. Linear mixed models were performed to investigate the associations between parental pre-pregnancy body mass index and offspring blood pressure patterns.ResultsEach unit increase in maternal body mass index was associated with 0.24 mmHg (95% confidence interval 0.05; 0.44) and 0.13 mmHg (0.01; 0.25) higher offspring’s mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure, respectively, during the first year of life. A higher offspring blood pressure with increased maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index was seen at birth and remained higher during the first year of life. The association with systolic blood pressure remained similar after including birth size and offspring’s weight and height over time. The association with diastolic blood pressure attenuated slightly to a non-significant result after including these variables. Paternal body mass index was not associated with offspring’s blood pressure.ConclusionHigher maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, but not paternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, is associated with higher offspring blood pressure already from birth onwards.
Multicenter analysis of outcomes in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm offers a pretargeted therapy benchmark
Authors: Taylor Justin , Haddadin Michael , Upadhyay Vivek A. , Grussie Erwin , Mehta-Shah Neha , Brunner Andrew M. , Louissaint Abner , Lovitch Scott B. , Dogan Ahmet , Fathi Amir T. , Stone Richard M. , Tallman Martin S. , Rampal Raajit K. , Neuberg Donna S. , Stevenson Kristen E. , Horwitz Steven M. , Lane Andrew A. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is an uncommon hematologic malignancy with poor outcomes. Existing data on the clinical behavior of BPDCN are limited because reported outcomes are from small retrospective series, and standardized treatment guidelines are lacking. The interleukin-3 cytotoxin conjugate tagraxofusp was recently tested in phase 1/2 trials that led to US Food and Drug Administration approval, the first ever for BPDCN. However, because there was no matched internal comparator in this or any clinical study to date, results of BPDCN trials testing new drugs are difficult to compare with alternative therapies. We therefore sought to define the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a group of patients with BPDCN treated at 3 US cancer centers in the modern era but before tagraxofusp was available. In 59 studied patients with BPDCN, the median overall survival from diagnosis was 24 months, and outcomes were similar in patients with “skin only” or with systemic disease at presentation. Intensive first-line therapy and “lymphoid-type” chemotherapy regimens were associated with better outcomes. Only 55% of patients received intensive chemotherapy, and 42% of patients underwent stem cell transplantation. Clinical characteristics at diagnosis associated with poorer outcomes included age &gt;60 years, abnormal karyotype, and terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase (TdT) negativity in the BPDCN cells. We also identified disease responses to pralatrexate and enasidenib in some patients. This study highlights poor outcomes for patients with BPDCN in the modern era and the need for new treatments. Outcomes from ongoing clinical trials for BPDCN can be evaluated relative to this contemporary cohort.
A review of psychosocial factors and personality in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Cayanan Elizabeth A. , Bartlett Delwyn J. , Chapman Julia L. , Hoyos Camilla M. , Phillips Craig L. , Grunstein Ronald R. 
Published: June 2019

Effective treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is primarily determined by adherence to the selected intervention. The most common treatment pathways are mechanical devices such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or a mandibular advancement device, often combined with weight loss therapy. Weight reduction is usually an adjunct therapy but may be used as a secondary treatment in mild-to-moderate OSA when mechanical treatments cannot be tolerated. To enhance the uptake and adherence to treatment, clinicians may assess patient's personality profiles and psychological readiness. There is a paucity of evidence related to these aspects of patient care and this article outlines the current research in relation to patient presentation, treatment uptake and barriers, and methods to enhance treatment adherence.This article disseminates personality traits observed in patients with OSA and identifies vulnerable groups who may require additional support to increase treatment adherence. It summarises the current evidence for treatment barriers in patients with OSA. Low self-efficacy in relation to CPAP and weight loss adherence will be explored as well as the potential to predict treatment responders and enhance therapeutic uptake and adherence. Extending personality traits into research and clinical practice could potentially result in more successful CPAP therapy and weight loss treatment outcomes.