bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of capsaicin molecularly imprinted polymers prepared by different polymerization methods
Authors: Wang Haixiang , Yuan Lili , Zhu Hua , Jin Risheng , Xing Jiudong 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIn this study, the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) of capsaicin are prepared by bulk polymerization (MIPs1), precipitation polymerization (MIPs2), and surface imprinting technology based on SiO2/Fe3O4 particles (MIPs3), respectively. MIPs are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of these composites are also investigated to estimate their capacity to rebind capsaicin. The adsorption kinetics show that the adsorption process of MIPs1 is fitted to pseudo first‐order kinetic model, while the kinetic properties of MIPs2 and MIPs3 are well described by pseudo second‐order kinetic model. Adsorption thermodynamics analysis indicated that there are two kinds of binding sites with different affinity in each MIPs, whereas only one kind of binding site in non‐imprinted polymers. All adsorption isotherms of MIPs are fitted to Freundlich models, illustrated that binding sites are distributed heterogeneously in the surface of the materials, and the adsorption might occur in the multimolecular layers. Comparisons of experimental data of three MIPs are achieved and the results show that MIPs3 has the best affinity and absorption capacity to capsaicin. Moreover, the MIPs3 maintain the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 particles, which will be applied to the rapid separation of capsaicin from chili peppers samples. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 157–164
Enhanced Device Performances of Blue‐Emitting PLEDs Coupled with Silver‐Nanoicosahedrons
Authors: Chen Sy‐Hann , Huang Cheng‐Liang , Cheng Bo‐Han , Ku Hao‐Jung , Hsiao Hsin‐I , Kao Po‐Ching 
Published: December 2018

AbstractSilver‐nanoicosahedron particles (AgNIPs) are produced by chemical reduction and photochemical methods and doped into the hole transport layer (HTL) or emissive layer (EML) of blue‐emitting polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) to improve their luminous efficiency. The optimal distributed‐densities of the AgNIPs are determined from current density–voltage–luminance measurements at different doping concentrations. The AgNIP dopant doses that maximize the average luminous efficiency of the proposed PLED are 6.71 µg cm−2 in EML (achieving 3.48 cd A−1) and 6.88 µg cm−2 in HTL (achieving 3.35 cd A−1). Although the luminous efficiencies of the blue‐emitting PLEDs fabricated by both doping methods are not significantly different, the maximum plasmonic enhancement (around 30‐fold) of the blue‐emitting PLED with AgNIPs in EML is red‐shifted to the green region (≈530 nm in the electroluminescence spectrum), seriously degrading the luminescent monochromaticity of the blue‐emitting PLED. The maximum plasmonic enhancement (around 33‐fold) of blue‐emitting PLED with AgNIPs in HTL occurred at 430 nm, overlapping the localized surface‐plasmon resonance extinctions of the AgNIPs in HTL (425 nm), thus favoring the enhancement of fluorescence emission. Therefore, to enhance the large‐area emission of blue‐emitting PLEDs, the AgNIPs should be doped in the HTL rather than the EML.
The Asymptotic dS Swampland Conjecture ‐ a Simplified Derivation and a Potential Loophole
Authors: Hebecker Arthur , Wrase Timm 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRecently, arguments for a refined de Sitter conjecture were put forward in [1]. Using the large distance conjecture of [2], the authors provide evidence for this dS conjecture in asymptotic regimes of field space, where the parametric control of string theory becomes arbitrarily good. Their main tool is Bousso's covariant entropy bound.[3] Here, we describe a simpler way to reach a similar conclusion. The argument is based on the fact that the cutoff of an effective theory with gravity decreases as the number of species grows. We then discuss a loophole in this argument and its possible counterpart in the assumptions underlying the entropy‐based derivation. The idea is to consider potentials which, while they remain below an exponentially falling bound, have small oscillations leading locally to relatively flat regions or even to an infinite series of dS minima.
Escalating insecticide resistance in Australian grain pests: contributing factors, industry trends and management opportunities
Authors: Umina Paul A , McDonald Garrick , Maino James , Edwards Owain , Hoffmann Ary A 
Published: December 2018

AbstractInsecticide resistance is an ever‐increasing problem that threatens food production globally. Within Australia, the grain industry has a renewed focus on resistance due to diminishing chemical options available to farmers and the increasing prevalence and severity of resistance encountered in the field. Chemicals are too often used as the major tool for arthropod pest management, ignoring the potent evolutionary forces from chemical selection pressures that lead to resistance. A complex array of factors (biological, social, economic, political, climatic) have contributed to current trends in insecticide usage and resistance in the Australian grain industry. We review the status of insecticide resistance and provide a context for how resistance is currently managed. We discuss emerging technologies and research that could be applied to improve resistance management. This includes generating baseline sensitivity data for insecticides before they are launched, developing genetic diagnostics for the full complement of known resistances, expanding resistance monitoring programs, and utilizing new technologies. Additional benefits are likely to be achieved through a combination of industry awareness and engagement, risk modeling, adoption of integrated pest management tactics, greater collaboration between industry stakeholders, and policy changes around chemical use and record keeping. The Australian grain context provides lessons for other agricultural industries. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Potential of locally sustainable food baits and traps against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata in Bolivia
Authors: Candia Ilich Figueroa , Bautista Veronica , Larsson Herrera Sebastian , Walter Abigail , Ortuño Castro Noel , Tasin Marco , Dekker Teun 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDSmall‐scale farmers often take a double hit from pests such as tephritid fruit‐flies. The high price of products against fruit‐flies, together with the higher risk of reinfestation from neighboring orchards, limits options for control. Therefore, management requires low‐cost local products and concerted action. Peach production in central Bolivia is increasingly affected by invasive Ceratitis capitata. To provide locally sustainable techniques that could incentivize area‐wide cooperation of growers, we tested efficiency and specificity of low‐cost lures and traps compared with commercial lures and traps (Tephritrap).RESULTSIn the laboratory, the local fermented beverage ‘chicha’ and baker's yeast were equally or more attractive than commercial lures. Both chicha and baker's yeast trapped more flies in field (average FTD 10.31 and 9.49), whereas commercially hydrolyzed protein lure (4.71) or Torula yeast (6.82). However, many non‐target species were caught (57.3% and 53.4%). Of the six PET bottles‐based traps used, the T‐trap caught a similar number of flies (average FTD 5.55), but fewer beneficial insects (0.16) compared to the Tephritrap (0.92).CONCLUSIONSThis study provides fruit growers with an economical and effective method to capture large numbers of C. capitata, suitable to be part of integrated pest management programs for fruit fly control. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Robust attitude control for tail‐sitter unmanned aerial vehicles in flight mode transitions
Authors: Liu Deyuan , Liu Hao , Li Zhaoying , Hou Xiaolei , Wang Qingling 
Published: December 2018

SummaryTail‐sitter unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can flight as rotorcrafts as well as fixed‐wing aircrafts, but it is hard to control the flight mode transition. The vehicle dynamics involves serious parametric uncertainties, highly nonlinear dynamics, and is easy to be affected by external disturbances, especially during the mode transition. This paper presents a robust control method for a kind of tail‐sitter UAVs to achieve the flight mode transition. The robust controller is proposed based on the state‐feedback control scheme and the robust compensation method. The proposed control method does not need to switch the coordinate system, the controller structure, or the controller parameters during the mode transitions. Theoretical analysis is given to guarantee the robustness stability of the designed flight control system. Numerical simulation results are presented to show the advantages of the proposed control method compared with the state‐feedback control method and the sliding mode control approach.
Theory, tools, and multidisciplinary applications for tracing groundwater fluxes from temperature profiles
Authors: Kurylyk Barret L. , Irvine Dylan J. , Bense Victor F. 
Published: December 2018

Quantifying groundwater fluxes to and from deep aquifers or shallow sediment is a critical task faced by researchers and practitioners from many environmental science disciplines including hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, climatology, and oceanography. Groundwater discharge to inland and coastal water bodies influences their water budgets, thermal regimes, and biogeochemistry. Conversely, downward water flow from the land surface or from surface water bodies to underlying aquifers represents an important water flux that must be quantified for sustainable groundwater management. Because these vertical subsurface flows are slow and typically diffuse, they cannot be measured directly and must rather be estimated using groundwater tracers. Heat is a naturally occurring groundwater tracer that is ubiquitous in the subsurface and readily measured. Most of the academic literature has focused on groundwater temperature tracing methods capitalizing on the propagation of diel temperature sine waves into sediment beneath surface water bodies. Such methods rely on temperature–time series to infer groundwater fluxes and are typically only viable in the shallow subsurface and in locations with focused groundwater fluxes. Alternative methods that utilize temperature–depth profiles are applicable across a broader range of hydrologic environments, and point‐in‐time measurements can be quickly taken to cover larger spatial scales. Applications of these methods have been impeded due in part to the lack of understanding regarding their potential applications and limitations. Herein, we highlight relevant theory, thermal data collection techniques, and recent diverse field applications to stimulate further multidisciplinary uptake of thermal groundwater tracing methods that rely on temperature–depth profiles.This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Methods
Science of Water > Methods
Water and Life > Nature of Freshwater Ecosystems
Brief Report: Evaluating the Utility of Varied Technological Agents to Elicit Social Attention from Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kumazaki Hirokazu , Warren Zachary , Swanson Amy , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Matsumoto Yoshio , Yoshimura Yuko , Shimaya Jiro , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Sarkar Nilanjan , Wade Joshua , Mimura Masaru , Minabe Yoshio , Kikuchi Mitsuru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractTechnological agents could be effective tools to be used in interventions for enhancing social orienting for some young children with ASD. We examined response to social bids in preschool children with ASD and typical development (TD) at a very early age (i.e., around 3 years) using social prompts presented by technological agents of various forms and human comparisons. Children with ASD demonstrated less response overall to social bids compared to TD controls, across agents or human. They responded more often to a simple humanoid robot and the simple avatar compared to the human. These results support the potential utilization of specific robotic and technological agents for harnessing and potentially increasing motivation to socially-relevant behaviors in some young children with ASD.
It can be beautiful or destructive: Street‐involved youth's perceptions of their romantic relationships and resilience
Authors: Joly Lauren E. , Connolly Jennifer 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTIntroductionThis study examined romantic relationships among street‐involved youth through the overlapping perspectives of resilience, attachment and social bonding. The main goal was to assess how youth understand their romantic attachment bonds as supporting or undermining resilience. While there are qualitative reports on how the social relationships of street‐involved youth are linked to resilience, romantic relationships have yet to be differentiated with regard to resilience. This paper also builds on existing research by providing further information on the characteristics of their romantic relationships, and the impact of street life and risky behaviours within relationships.MethodsTwenty‐one youth (11 men and 10 women) in shelters, in a Canadian metropolitan city, aged 16–24 years, participated in semi‐structured interviews. A thematic analysis of the data was conducted exploring how the youth understand their romantic attachments as well as their links in supporting or undermining resilience.ResultsResults indicated that connection, support, validation, and encouragement within a relationship were of value to the youth's resilience, in the form of addressing drug use, achieving goals, supporting self‐worth, and promoting positive coping. The youth also reported many negative experiences within their romantic relationships, including dating violence and the stress of street‐life, which they saw as undermining their resilience. A key finding was that the youth had considerable difficulty integrating the positive and negative aspects of their relationships. Overall the findings highlight the co‐occurrence of positive and negative romantic experiences, and support the importance of developing healthy relationship programs for street‐involved youth. Key words: street‐involved; homeless; youth; romantic relationship; resilience; dating violence
Needs and Expectations of Patients with Erectile Dysfunction: An Update on Pharmacological Innovations in Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibition with Focus on Sildenafil
Authors: Jannini Emmanuele A. , Droupy Stéphane 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionPhosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) have an excellent efficacy and tolerability profile and remain the first-line choice for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). However, ED is still an underdiagnosed and undertreated condition, and many men prematurely discontinue therapy with conventional dosage formulations despite successful intercourse.AimTo review the unmet needs and expectations of patients with ED and describe the latest pharmaceutical innovations in the field of PDE5-I formulations designed to address these needs, with particular reference to a new orodispersible film (ODF) formulation of the PDE5-I, sildenafil.MethodsOnline literature search in PubMed and the Cochrane Library.Main Outcome MeasureTo identify English-language publications relevant to the aims of the present review.ResultsImproved recognition and management of ED would enable the early diagnosis of underlying and comorbid conditions that contribute to ED, leading to improved patient health and health-related quality of life. To ensure successful outcomes and patient and partner satisfaction, the complex and personal issues that influence the patient’s needs and expectations regarding treatment for ED must be considered along with their personal experiences and preferences. Innovative drug delivery systems, including orally disintegrating formulations, have been developed as alternatives to conventional dosage forms with the aim of improving patient convenience and acceptability and enhancing compliance. These alternative formulations include the sildenafil ODF, which is designed to improve acceptance and compliance over conventional solid dosage forms and extend the treatment options for men with ED by offering a convenient and discrete dosage form of a drug with proven efficacy.ConclusionThe sildenafil ODF is an example of an innovative dosage formulation for ED that can be used interchangeably with the conventional film-coated formulation to better address the needs and expectations of men with ED.
Degree of Planning of Sexual Intercourse Among Men from China, Japan, and Taiwan Taking Medication for Erectile Dysfunction: Findings of an Observational, Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Jiann Bang-Ping , Nakajima Koichi , Dighe Sonali , Harshman-Smith Chad D. , Hassan Tarek A. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIntroductionManagement of erectile dysfunction (ED) is beset with assumptions around spontaneity of sexual intercourse, requiring candor between the physician and patient if appropriate treatment is to be implemented.AimTo evaluate the degree to which men who take ED medications plan for and have sex.MethodsMen from China, Japan, and Taiwan aged 40–70 years who had taken ED medications within the past 3 months were invited to participate anonymously in an online, self-administered survey that enquired about frequency and advance planning of sex, time between taking ED medication and intercourse, and treatment satisfaction. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Main Outcome MeasureFrequency of planning of sexual intercourse, planning and ED medication dosing interval, and frequency of ED medication use.ResultsData from 604 respondents (mean age 50.8 years) from China (n = 254), Japan (n = 250), and Taiwan (n = 100) were collected. Men used ED medications a median of ≤4 times per month in all 3 territories. 76% who used ED medication during the past 3 months planned for sex on specific occasions, with 59% and 52% agreeing that they plan for sex on specific days of the week and times of the day, respectively. Most commonly, men planned for sex up to several hours to a day beforehand, with 94% taking ED medication within 4 hours of sex. Satisfaction with ED medication was generally high and related to erection rigidity, speed of onset, and safety.ConclusionKnowledge of the degree to which individuals with ED plan for sex may have important implications for the appropriate prescription of ED medication. The high degree of planning around sexual activities exhibited by men taking ED medication suggests there is a need for appropriate counseling to ensure that treatment is aligned with patient behavior.
Evaluation of a Personalized Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Treatment Program for Neurological Patients
Authors: Suleman Adam , Theoret Lynda , Bourque Pierre , Pringle Elizabeth , Cameron D. William , Cowan Juthaporn 
Published: December 2018

AbstractBackgroundSubcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) treatment has been shown to control symptoms and improve overall satisfaction in patients with neurological disorders. However, a large injection volume can be overwhelming and a barrier to successful SCIg treatment. We established a nurse-led individualized approach program to facilitate a smooth and successful treatment transition from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) to SCIg. The program involved a lead nurse to provide two or more individual educational sessions on SCIg administration, establish a written transition plan, and liaise care with physicians.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the impact of our program to a successful transition defined as SCIg retention or adherence without a need to restart IVIg by six or twelve months.MethodsWe reviewed medical charts of all patients with immune-mediated neuromuscular disorders who were in our program during January 2010 to Dec 2016.ResultsNineteen patients were identified. Mean IVIg treatment duration was 31.5 months (range 4-98) before the transition. Mean steady state SCIg dosage was 26.2 g/week (SD 10.3). All patients were initially able to switch to SCIg, with a retention rate of 17/19 (89.5%) at six months and 15/19 (78.9%) at twelve months. Two patients reverted back to IVIg treatment due to worsening of their symptoms at two and three months, while two required supplemental IVIg infusions. There were no major adverse events reported during the twelve-month period, but one minor cutaneous adverse event (redness around the injection site).ConclusionsSuccessful treatment transition may be achieved with the nurse led individualized approach program.
Molecular characterization ofNeoechinorhynchus cylindratusVan Cleave, 1913 (Acanthocephala: Neoechinorhynchidae), a parasite of the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in northern Mexico
Authors: García-Varela M. , Pinacho-Pinacho C.D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMembers of the genusNeoechinorhynchusStiles & Hassall, 1905 are endoparasites of freshwater fishes, brackish water fishes, and freshwater turtles distributed worldwide. In North America, 33 species have been described. One of the most widely distributed species in the eastern United States and Canada isNeoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) cylindratus,a common acanthocephalan that infects centrarchid fishes. In the current study, adult specimens ofN. (N) cylindratuswere collected from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) from the Purificación River in northern Mexico. In the same freshwater system, two additional congeneric species (Neoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) emyditoidesandNeoechinorhynchus (Neoechinorhynchus) panucensis) were collected and analysed. Sequences of the large subunit, internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2, 5.8S from nuclear DNA, and sequences of the cytochromecoxidase subunit I (cox1) from mitochondrial DNA were generated and aligned with other sequences obtained from GenBank. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses inferred for each dataset showed thatN. (N) panucensis,N. (N) emyditoidesandN. (N) cylindratuswere nested within several clades, indicating that these species do not share a common ancestor. Our phylogenies also revealed that the genusNeoechinorhynchusis paraphyletic, requiring further taxonomic revision using phylogenetic systematics and re-examination of morphological and ecological data. The presence of severalN. (N) cylindratusadults in northern Mexico allowed us to typify this species for the first time using a combination of morphological and molecular characteristics. The current record shows a wide distribution range ofN. (N) cylindratusacross Canada, the United States and Mexico in the Nearctic region.
Population dynamics of the proboscis monkeyNasalis larvatusin the Lower Kinabatangan, Sabah, Borneo, Malaysia
Authors: Matsuda Ikki , Abram Nicola K. , Stark Danica J. , Sha John C. M. , Ancrenaz Marc , Goossens Benoit , Lackman Isabelle , Tuuga Augustine , Kubo Takuya 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Endangered proboscis monkeyNasalis larvatusis endemic to the island of Borneo. Habitat loss is a major threat to this species, and an understanding of long-term demographic trends is crucial for its conservation. We assessed the population trends and group sizes of proboscis monkeys over 10 years in the Lower Kinabatangan floodplain in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Comparisons of observed populations between 2004 and 2014 revealed significantly reduced group sizes, which is probably a result of forest fragmentation. Three long-term studies over 34–73 months in specific areas showed fluctuating estimated densities in each area, but no overall population increase or decrease. Riparian forests are the most important habitat for these monkeys, and one reason for the relatively stable population could be that there were only minor losses of forest along rivers during 2004–2014 because protected areas have been established in the region in 2005. However, proboscis monkey habitat remains under threat in areas allocated for oil palm, and protection of these areas is paramount to maintaining this population.