bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of boiler unit load changes on furnace processes
Authors: Gil Andrey V. , Maltsev Kirill I. , Abramov Nikita V. , Zavorin Alexander S. , Starchenko Alexander V. 
Published: October 2024

Relevance. The need to assess the stability of combustion, thermal stress and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission during load reduction of a steam boiler. Since renewable energy sources and nuclear power plants will receive great attention in the future, coal-fired thermal power plants are to operate at reduced loads, so it is important to investigate the reliability of operation and environmental parameters of the boiler unit in case of load adjustment. Aim. To investigate pulverized coal fuel burnout, temperature parameters and NOx emission at 50 % reduction of boiler unit load in the base configuration and taking into account installation of tertiary blast nozzles. Objects. Furnace chamber of a natural circulation boiler unit with steam capacity of 220 t/h in the baseline layout and with tertiary air nozzles. Methods. The package of application programs FIRE-3D for numerical study was applied. Combustion of pulverized coal fuel is a complex physical and chemical process, therefore the interaction of gas flow and solid particles was modeled using Eulerian and Lagrangian schemes, respectively. In the gas phase, the combustion of volatiles and CO with further combustion of carbon residue are modeled. NOx emission is modeled using post-treatment models including formation of fast, fuel and thermal nitrogen oxides. Results. Temperature fields, flow characteristics, NOx emissions for different loads of the furnace chamber of the boiler unit with steam capacity of 220 t/hour are obtained on the basics of numerical modeling. The authors have obtained quantitative estimations of furnace environment parameters corresponding to several levels of boiler load reduction up to 50% of the nominal one. Installation of four tertiary blast nozzles allows reducing NOx emissions by 12.75% at theoretically required amount of air in burner devices (α=1.0).
How timing and preexisting pain affect outcomes of TMR: a systematic review
Authors: Dominguez Elizabeth , Barber Alissa , Zepeda Jose Lucas , Hoben Gwendolyn 
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is increasingly common in the care of major limb amputation to limit amputation-related pain. This review aims to elucidate how chronic pain states and length of delay prior to TMR affect its success and outcomes.
Methods: Manuscripts were collected from three databases. Articles were first screened and excluded based on exclusion criteria. The remaining manuscripts were independently reviewed to determine inclusion. Article and patient demographics, as well as pain outcomes, were extracted. Data were analyzed based on pain condition, amputation vs. neuroma, and time from amputation/injury to surgery.
Results: The literature search yielded 723 articles, with 41 meeting the inclusion criteria. Twenty-one articles included patients with residual limb pain (RLP) and phantom limb pain (PLP), including 14 on amputation and 6 on neuroma excision. Five articles included cancer-related amputation. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) was discussed in 3 articles, ischemia or infection in 2 articles, and neurofibromatosis 1 in 1 article. Twenty-two articles described TMR at the time of amputation.
Conclusions: TMR is effective at preventing neuroma formation and limiting pain when performed at the time of amputation. Delayed patients had a greater improvement in RLP but less of an improvement in PLP, when assessed against immediate TMR patients who were compared to non-TMR standard amputees. In the presence of chronic pain states, such as CRPS, there is also improved analgesia. However, current clinical data are limited, indicating a need for further research into the use of TMR for chronic pain management.
Profiling the gut and oral microbiota of hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer patients receiving pembrolizumab and eribulin
Authors: Teng Nancy MY , Malfettone Andrea , Dalby Matthew J , Kiu Raymond , Seki David , Robinson Tim , Gion María , Bermejo Begoña , Pérez-García José Manuel , Prat Aleix , Vázquez Raúl Márquez , Llombart-Cussac Antonio , Curigliano Giuseppe , Schmid Peter , Barroso-Sousa Romualdo , Mancino Mario , Shimizu Eileen , Rodríguez-Morató Jose , Mina Leonardo , Hall Lindsay J , Robinson Stephen D , Cortés Javier 
Published: October 2024

Aim: Changes in host-associated microbial communities (i.e., the microbiota) may modulate responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy. In the KELLY phase II study (NCT03222856), we previously demonstrated that pembrolizumab [anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)] combined with eribulin (plus microtubule-targeting chemotherapy) showed encouraging antitumor activity in patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) who had received prior treatments.
Methods: A total of 58 fecal and 67 saliva samples were prospectively collected from a subset of 28 patients at baseline (BL), after three treatment cycles, and end of treatment. Shotgun metagenomics, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and bioinformatics and statistical approaches were used to characterize fecal and oral microbiota profiles.
Results: Treatment caused no substantial perturbations in gut or oral microbiota, suggesting minimal drug-related microbial toxicity. Bacteroides and Faecalibacterium were the dominant gut microbiota genera, while Prevotella and Streptococcus were present in both oral and gut samples, highlighting potential gut-oral microbial interactions. Additionally, clinical benefit (CB) appeared to be associated with gut-associated Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis ) and a BL oral abundance of Streptococcus ≥ 30%. Notably, B. fragilis NCTC 9343 supernatant induced dose-dependent lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from the MCF-7 (HR-positive/HER2-negative) BC cell line.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that specific gut and oral microbiota may modulate the effectiveness of combinatory anti-BC therapies, potentially through the action of microbial metabolites.
Transforming learning outcomes: Impact of project-based learning on digestive system mastery
Authors: Anwar Yenny , Meilinda M , Rosfa Asti Zuhana 
Published: October 2024

One of the learning models that is currently strongly advised to be used in the learning process is Project Based Learning (PJBL). The purpose of this study is to ascertain how PJBL affects students' learning outcomes in the digestive system. Students (n=61) from Muara Enim, Indonesia's class XI Science public senior high school served as the research subjects. A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group is the study methodology employed. Project assignments, surveys, and observation sheets served as the tools. The independent sample t-test in the statistical program for social science 28 (SPSS version 28) was used to assess learning outcomes data. With a gain of 33.6 and n-gain of 0.63, the study's findings show that using the PjBL learning paradigm enhances students' learning outcomes. PjBl can increase motivation, and as it uses real-world challenges, strong curiosity will impact learning outcomes.
Distal Radioulnar Synostosis Following Greenstick Fracture of the Ulnar Diaphysis
Authors: Kell David M. , Chang Benjamin , Shah Apurva S. , Williams Brendan A. 
Published: October 2024

Case:
We discuss a 16-year-old adolescent boy presenting with a minimally displaced greenstick fracture of the distal third ulnar diaphysis sustained during a fall playing football. Initial treatment consisted of in situ casting followed by removable forearm splinting. The patient returned 3 months postinjury with complete forearm motion loss. Imaging demonstrated a post-traumatic radioulnar synostosis. Surgical management of the synostosis restored forearm motion without recurrence.

Conclusion:
Clinicians should be aware of this atypical presentation of a radioulnar synostosis when evaluating stiffness in the post-treatment setting even for fractures that are minimally displaced and do not require reduction or surgery.
Investigating Gene Expression Patterns in Dementia Patients:
A Potential Early Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Phetchrungruengphol Ydathip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Dementia is a severe neurodegenerative disorder commonly found in adults over 70 years of age. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent type of dementia and currently has no therapeutic pathway able to effectively slow down or reverse progression of the disease. The insidious onset of AD manifests over 15 years and often, AD is left undiagnosed until the very end. This research aims to search for combinations of RNA-sequencing (RNAseq) gene expression patterns that can act as early biomarkers for AD. Provided by the Allen Brain Institute, this paper uses RNAseq expression values of 14 genes collected from 107 post-mortem brains in the hippocampus (HIP) and the forebrain white matter (FWM). Grouped according to dementia status, values were correlated and graphed against age, CERAD, NIA-Reagan scores and Braak stages. Qualitative deductions were initially made from bar graphs, in which, if concluded worthy of investigation, quantitative data analyses using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and T-tests were then conducted. From the obtained information, aging, dementia and brain area effects were taken and analyzed. Unexpectedly, genes with neuroprotective roles or are involved in growth of cells exhibited higher expression as age increases in dementia patients. The implications of overexpression of genes in dementia and AD may be a new topic worthy of further research for better understanding of such disorders. Additionally, majority of the notable trends were found in the FWM, the area of the brain often overlooked in research involving neurodegenerative diseases. Identification and analyses of these patterns offer means to investigate the subject from new angles. By using obtained information on potential early biomarkers to form parameters for larger and more advanced studies in this field, developing a full-fledged clinical practice for early diagnosis of AD seems attainable.
Outputs from a model of co-research with older care-experienced people in Sweden to advance eldercare services
Authors: Wallcook Sarah , Dohrn Ing-Mari , Dahlkvist Ulla , Domeij Yvonne , Green Kerstin , Isaksson Gigi , Goliath Ida 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Within the contemporary policy turn towards co-production and co-research in Sweden, older people, practitioners and researchers alike have expressed uncertainty about how to undertake co-research. Moreover, scepticism persists about the merits and contributions of co-research and co-production to research and service development. In this paper, we aim to describe a co-research model developed with older care-experienced lay co-researchers and explore the utility of our model’s outcomes to social care research and practice.
Method: In a Participatory Action Research project we established a team of three co-researchers by professional experience and eight lay co-researchers by lived experience who were over age 75. Our team undertook a complete study cycle from inception and funding through to knowledge exchange and dissemination. Our process lasted one year and comprised three phases: the group alone establishing collective knowledge, testing knowledge in peer interviews with acquaintances, exchanging knowledge in events with multi-sector actors. We generated and analysed data concurrently in fortnightly workshops and round-table meetings using procedures inspired by framework analysis to produce themes illustrated by vignettes.
Findings: We highlight our co-research model’s utility to social research, policy and practice under three themes. Expressly, how our approach 1) reaches and engages older people who are isolated at home, 2) generates out-of-the box thinking and innovative solutions for service development and research, 3) recognizes and benefits from older people’s authentic experience and knowledge. We critically reflect upon these three themes and the conditions that lead towards or away from the adoption of key co-creation principles.
Conclusions: Public services and research and development units working in the interests of older people can take inspiration from our co-research model when seeking to meet the challenges brought by new reforms towards closer community involvement. Despite messiness in the process, integrating and embedding principled co-research and co-production can bring clarity and structure to the issues that matter most to older people, and draw organisations closer to the communities they serve.
Junior Doctors’ Perception of Their Teaching Role and Responsibilities as Medical Teachers of Medical Students
Authors: Uprety Bandana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Junior doctors play a pivotal role in the education of medical students. This study aims to explore junior doctors' perceptions of their teaching responsibilities and experiences in delivering medical education.
Methods
A total of ten junior doctors, from Foundation Year 1 (FY1) to Core Medical Trainee 2 (CT2), were recruited from a teaching hospital in Southeast London. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted, allowing participants to discuss specific aspects of their teaching roles. Interviews were audio-recorded with consent, transcribed, coded, and analysed thematically. The study received ethical approval from the Research Ethics Committee of King’s College Hospital, London, and Health Authority Approval. Participation was voluntary, following an invitation via email with an attached Participant Information Sheet. Potential participants were given the opportunity to ask questions directly or via email, and those who chose to participate provided written informed consent. Data confidentiality and participant anonymity were strictly maintained.
Result
Junior doctors perceive their teaching roles in three main capacities: as Information Providers, Student Assessors, and Leaders/Managers. An analysis based on five dimensions of teaching—planning, presentation, environment, evaluation, and pedagogy—highlights a critical need for faculty development, designated teaching time, and institutional support. Although junior doctors express a strong commitment to teaching, they encounter substantial barriers, including heavy clinical workloads and insufficient support, often relying on personal experience and observation to develop their teaching skills.
Conclusion
While the General Medical Council (GMC) expects junior doctors to engage in teaching medical students, this study reveals considerable variability in their perceptions and understanding of this role. These variations are predominantly influenced by the level of organizational support and the amount of teacher training provided. Despite the GMC’s recommendations, ongoing challenges continue to impede the delivery of high-quality teaching. The findings raise concerns regarding the practicality and attainability of the GMC's standards. The study further questions whether the responsibility for preparing junior doctors for their teaching roles should rest with NHS Trusts or Medical Colleges, emphasizing the need for clearer guidelines and enhanced support systems to improve teaching effectiveness.
Green synthesis of multifunctional from cinnamon (cinnamomum verum) extract-functionalised CdS nanoparticles for In-vitro biomedical, photocatalytic degradation and photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Jarhad Komal V. R. , Pawanoji Aniket A. , Parab Pranali S. S. , Pawar Amol S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Cadmium sulphide nanoparticles (CdS NPs), renowned for their tuneable bandgap, exhibit significant potential for photochemical applications. A simple, green, and cost-effective synthesis approach is quite desirable to harness their full potential. With this prospect, we present the green synthesis of CdS NPs using cinnamon extract which is rich in polyphenols and flavonoids, as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The as-synthesized NPs were characterized with the aid of diverse characterization techniques. The study also attempts to understand the role of CdS NPs as photocatalytic material for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation in both UV irradiation and natural sunlight. Notably, 91% degradation was achieved within 90 minutes under UV light in a self-fabricated photoreactor setup, and 70 minutes under direct sunlight. Tauc plot also revealed that the catalyst promoted an indirect electron transfer pathway. Further, the semiconductor properties were evaluated using photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies, demonstrating charge transport dynamics. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the NPs was also explored using in vitro investigations on human breast cancer cell line, revealing promising anticancer properties. Biocompatibility test on normal cells, and antibacterial assays were also studies. This comprehensive investigation underscores the applicability of green-synthesised CdS NPs in diverse field.
Error Analysis Study for Electron Linear Accelerator Optimized Using Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm
Authors: kim Chanmi , Min Chang-Ki , Byeon Woo Jun , Kim Eun-San , Park Seong Hee , Park Chong Shik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The injector system of 4th generation synchrotron radiation accelerators should be optimally designed to produce a good quality beam. In the previous study, we used Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) to optimize the injector system parameters to meet the beam requirements. To ensure that the injector operation parameters optimized by MOGA fall within practical ranges, we conducted an error analysis. The injector, composed of RF cavities and magnets, includes an analysis of potential errors in RF cavity phase and gradient, and magnet strengths across three distinct steps. First, we considered errors that could occur during operation, such as input phases of RF cavities and strengths of cavities and magnets. Second, we considered installation errors, including rotation errors of devices. Lastly, we simulated scenarios where all errors occur simultaneously. The simulation results showed that even when errors occurred, the beam quality remained within our acceptable range. Through this error analysis, we confirmed that the linac operation parameters optimized by MOGA are indeed practical and usable.
Precise Masses Reveal that TOI-700 c is Low Density and TOI-700 d is Rocky
Authors: Gilbert Emily , Burt Jennifer , Barragán Oscar , Siegel Jared , Mascareño Alejandro Suárez , Silva André , Luque Rafael , Rogers James , Lee Eve , Lopez Eric , Vanderburg Andrew , Clement Matthew , Youngblood Allison , Mamajek Eric , Sousa Sergio , Cameron Andrew Collier , Rodriguez Joey , Martin David , Arney Giada , Barclay Thomas , Becker Juliette , Colon Knicole , Eisner Nora , Halverson Samuel , Hord Benjamin , Kane Stephen , Kreidberg L. , Morley Caroline , Mortier Annelies , Nielsen Louise , Quintana Elisa , Schlieder Joshua , Suissa Gabrielle , Triaud Amaury , Trifonov Trifon , Eylen V Van 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The search for life in the Universe has a significant focus on M dwarf stars, as they are the most common stellar type, and their small sizes and low masses make it easier to detect and characterize small, temperate planets. However, M dwarfs, especially those with the lowest masses, emit frequent flares for long portions of their lifetimes that may erode planetary atmospheres. Demographic studies have shown that planets the size of Earth in the Habitable Zone — the region where liquid water could likely exist on planetary surfaces — are common. But only a handful of such worlds have been measured to be rocky, and all of them orbit active, lower-mass M-dwarfs, so the survival of their atmospheres is questionable. Here, we report new exoplanet mass measurements from radial velocity observations with the VLT/ESPRESSO spectrograph of TOI-700, a relatively quiet, early M dwarf star that hosts 4 small planets, including 2 in the star's Habitable Zone. We find that TOI-700 c (2.65 R_Earth) is a low-mass (2.5 M_Earth) planet, which must have a hydrogen/helium dominated atmosphere given its low bulk density (0.73 g/cc). Furthermore, the small (1.16 R_Earth), Habitable Zone planet, TOI-700 d, has a mass of 2.4 M_Earth, implying a rocky composition. Given that TOI-700 c and d have similar masses, the presence of TOI-700 c, a puffy sub-Neptune, orbiting interior to the Habitable Zone planets, implies that d might be able to maintain a heavier, secondary atmosphere as these planets were subjected to the same stellar history.
The Fireweed Project: Recommendations for Improving Abortion Access and Experiences by and for Indigenous Peoples in Canada
Authors: Monchalin Renée , Hardy Shannon , Paul Willow , Wells Madison , Antoine-Allan Emma , Pruder Harlie , Crane Piyêsiw , Ferguson Créa , Jubinville Danette , Logie Carmen H. , Munro Sarah , Pruder Emily , Piñán Astrid V. Pérez 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Indigenous Peoples in Canada face significant barriers to accessing abortion services, attributed to colonial policies, systemic racism, and geographic isolation. Despite the presence of intergenerational reproductive knowledge, barriers persist. The Fireweed Project seeks to address barriers by gathering recommendations from Indigenous abortion seekers to improve access and experiences.
Methods
Forty-one-on-one conversations were conducted with Indigenous abortion seekers across Canada. Data was analyzed using the DEPICT participatory qualitative analysis model, ensuring that the voices of Indigenous communities were central to the process. The Indigenous Gender-Based Analysis Plus (IGBA+) framework further informed analysis, considering intersections of race, gender, and socio-economic status.
Results
Six key themes emerged from the data, including the need for Indigenous-led reproductive health services, ongoing cultural safety training for healthcare providers, enhanced follow-up and support services, and dismantling abortion stigma within Indigenous communities. Participants also recommended expanding abortion education in schools and improving maternal-child health supports through policy change.
Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of centering Indigenous voices in the improvement of abortion services. Implementing the recommendations from Indigenous abortion seekers can help dismantle systemic barriers and improve cultural safety and accessibility of care. These findings contribute to ongoing efforts to ensure equitable reproductive health services for Indigenous communities in Canada.