bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MMD‐Net: Image domain multi‐material decomposition network for dual‐energy CT imaging
Authors: Zhu Jiongtao , Zhang Xin , Su Ting , Cui Han , Tan Yuhang , Huang Hao , Guo Jinchuan , Zheng Hairong , Liang Dong , Wu Guangyao , Ge Yongshuai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundMulti‐material decomposition is an interesting topic in dual‐energy CT (DECT) imaging; however, the accuracy and performance may be limited using the conventional algorithms.PurposeIn this work, a novel multi‐material decomposition network (MMD‐Net) is proposed to improve the multi‐material decomposition performance of DECT imaging.MethodsTo achieve dual‐energy multi‐material decomposition, a deep neural network, named as MMD‐Net, is proposed in this work. In MMD‐Net, two specific convolutional neural network modules, Net‐I and Net‐II, are developed. Specifically, Net‐I is used to distinguish the material triangles, while Net‐II predicts the effective attenuation coefficients corresponding to the vertices of the material triangles. Subsequently, the material‐specific density maps are calculated analytically through matrix inversion. The new method is validated using in‐house benchtop DECT imaging experiments with a solution phantom and a pig leg specimen, as well as commercial medical DECT imaging experiments with a human patient. The decomposition accuracy, edge spreading function, and noise power spectrum are quantitatively evaluated.ResultsCompared to the conventional multiple material decomposition (MMD) algorithm, the proposed MMD‐Net method is more effective at suppressing image noise. Additionally, MMD‐Net outperforms the iterative MMD approach in maintaining decomposition accuracy, image sharpness, and high‐frequency content. Consequently, MMD‐Net is capable of generating high‐quality material decomposition images.ConclusionA high performance multi‐material decomposition network is developed for dual‐energy CT imaging.
Microstructure‐Informed Myelin Mapping (MIMM) from routine multi‐echo gradient echo data using multiscale physics modeling of iron and myelin effects and QSM
Authors: Şişman Mert , Nguyen Thanh D. , Roberts Alexandra G. , Romano Dominick J. , Dimov Alexey V. , Kovanlikaya Ilhami , Spincemaille Pascal , Wang Yi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposeMyelin quantification is used in the study of demyelination in neurodegenerative diseases. A novel noninvasive MRI method, Microstructure‐Informed Myelin Mapping (MIMM), is proposed to quantify the myelin volume fraction (MVF) from a routine multi‐gradient echo sequence (mGRE) using a multiscale biophysical signal model of the effects of microstructural myelin and iron.Theory and MethodsIn MIMM, the effects of myelin are modeled based on the Hollow Cylinder Fiber Model accounting for anisotropy, while iron is considered as an isotropic paramagnetic point source. This model is used to create a dictionary of mGRE magnitude signal evolution and total voxel susceptibility using finite elements of size 0.2 μm. Next, voxel‐by‐voxel stochastic matching pursuit between acquired mGRE data (magnitude+QSM) and the pre‐computed dictionary generates quantitative MVF and iron susceptibility maps. Dictionary matching was evaluated under three conditions: (1) without fiber orientation (basic), (2) with fiber orientation obtained using DTI, and (3) with fiber orientation obtained using an atlas (atlas). MIMM was compared with the three‐pool complex fitting (3PCF) using T2‐relaxometry myelin water fraction (MWF) map as reference.ResultsThe DTI MIMM and atlas MIMM approaches were equally effective in reducing the overestimation of MVF in certain white matter tracts observed in the basic MIMM approach, and they both showed good agreement with T2‐relaxometry MWF. MIMM MVF reduced myelin overestimation of globus pallidus observed in 3PCF MWF.ConclusionMIMM processing of mGRE data can provide MVF maps from routine clinical scans without requiring special sequences.
A Machine Learning‐Based Approach for the Prediction of Anticoagulant Activity of Hypericum perforatum L. and Evaluation of Compound Activity
Authors: Zhang Zhiyong , Nie Wennan , Zhang Yijing , He Mulan , Li Cunhao , Zhang Shule , Li Wenlong 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionHypericum perforatum L. (HPL) is extensively researched domestically and internationally as a medicinal plant. However, no reports of studies related to the anticoagulant activity of HPL have been retrieved. The specific bioactive components are unknown.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a machine learning (ML) method for rapid prediction of anticoagulant activity in HPL and evaluation of compound activity. Materials and methods.First, an in vitro anticoagulant activity assay was developed for the determination of the bioactivity of various medicinal parts of HPL. Then, the peak areas of compounds in HPL were integrated using UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS analysis. Subsequently, nine independent ML methods and two ensemble learning methods have been established to predict the anticoagulant activity of HPL and to evaluate the contribution of compounds. Feature importance scores were used for models visualization.ResultsA total of 24 compounds were shown to exhibited superior anticoagulant activity. Molecular docking experiments likewise confirmed this result. The results show that the branches of HPL have excellent anticoagulant activity, which has been previously overlooked. The established ML model demonstrated good performance in the prediction of the activity of HPL.ConclusionThe results were accurate and reliable, which significantly improved the efficiency of active compounds screening, and further exploration in this area is warranted.
Determination of the Major Bioactive Component of Silybum marianum in Nutricosmetics by a HPLC Method With Amperometric Detection and UAE Pretreatment
Authors: Abad‐Gil Lucía , Gismera M. Jesús , Sevilla M. Teresa , Procopio Jesús R. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionNutricosmetics derived from Silybum marianum, known for their anti‐inflammatory and hepatoprotective properties, necessitate accurate quantification of silybin, a key bioactive component.ObjectivesThis study aims to develop a novel high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with amperometric detection (HPLC‐ECD) for the precise determination of silybin. An ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) procedure is also established for solid sample preparation prior to chromatographic analysis.Materials and MethodsChromatographic separation of silybin was performed on a C18 column and using methanol–0.035 M potassium phosphate (pH 4.0) at 1.0 mL min−1 flow rate as mobile phase in gradient mode. The electrochemical detection (ECD) of silybin was carried out on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) at +1.10 V versus Ag/AgCl. The UAE procedure for silybin extraction from solid samples was performed by 15 min sonication in an ultrasonic bath (80 kHz and 100% power) at room temperature.ResultsUnder the optimal chromatographic conditions, silybin diastereoisomers (silybin A and silybin B) can be separated from other S. marianum flavonolignans in less than 20 min, with a detection limit (LOD) of 0.060 mg L−1 and a reproducibility (RSD) of 5%. This method was successfully applied to analyze silymarin‐containing products with recoveries close to 100%.ConclusionsThis work presents the first HPLC method for silybin determination using an amperometric detector with a GCE. The LOD is competitive in comparison with previously published HPLC‐DAD methods. This HPLC‐ECD method allows silybin diastereoisomers identification without interferences of other flavonolignans present in silymarin extracts.
Pediatric endocardial temporary pacemaker implantation: Clinical characteristics and outcomes from a Chinese National Regional Health Center
Authors: Liu Zhongyuan , Zhang Kaijun , Ren Jun , Yang Penghui , Li Mi , Xiang Ping 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEndocardial temporary pacemakers (TP) are widely used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases in adults, but their application and clinical experience in the treatment of pediatric cardiovascular cases are relatively limited. This study aims to share the experience of using endocardial TP at a pediatric medical center in China. The study included patients who received their first endocardial TP implantation in the Department of Cardiology at Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China, from 2016 to 2022. A retrospective analysis of their clinical data was conducted. Our study involved 45 children who underwent endocardial TP implantation. Among these, 25 children (55.56%) converted to sinus rhythm after pacemaker parameter adjustment and the pacemaker was successfully removed; 13 children (28.89%) did not recover sinus rhythm and ultimately required a permanent pacemaker; in 4 cases, the family refused permanent pacemaker implantation; in 1 case, the treatment was abandoned by the family; and 2 children died during hospitalization. Notably, among the 20 children with fulminant myocarditis (FM), 16 children (80.00%) converted to sinus rhythm after pacemaker parameter adjustment and the pacemaker was successfully removed; 3 children (15.00%) ultimately received a permanent pacemaker; and 1 child died during hospitalization. Endocardial TP have shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of critical heart disease, especially FM.
Insight Into the Role of Fiber Diameter on Electrospun Polysulfone Mats
Authors: Khezri Zahra , Pirsalami Sedigheh , Avaji Sina , Mousavi Seyed Hamed , Riazi Masoud 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTFiber electrospun mats created using cylindrical collectors have been extensively studied as effective membranes for water treatment. However, the relationships between the properties of electrospun mats and the characteristics and performance of membranes are not well‐established. This research examined two samples with average fiber diameters of 1.8 ± 0.49 μm and 0.47 ± 0.26 μm, which were evaluated as supporting substrates for the separation of MgSO4 ions. The variation in fiber diameter resulted from consistent conditions of voltage, distance, and collector rotation speed, while the injection rates were different, set at 2 mL/h and 0.8 mL/h, respectively. The resulting thin‐film composite (TFC) membrane consists of three layers: the first layer is a mesh polyester that underlies a middle hydrophobic electrospun support layer made from a 20 wt.% polysulfone solution. The third layer is a polyamide layer created through interfacial polymerization, involving a reaction between piperazine (PIP) monomers at a concentration of 2% by weight and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) monomers at a concentration of 0.2% by weight. Due to its hydrophobic nature, PSU repels water monomers from its surface during polymerization. Consequently, surface modification using plasma treatment alters the surface characteristics from hydrophobic to hydrophilic, resulting in the formation of a superior polyamide layer. The results indicate that membranes with larger fiber diameters exhibit a rougher texture. Additionally, the increased void space between the fibers in these membranes leads to an increase in pure water flux that is 92% higher compared to membrane samples with smaller fiber diameters; this higher flux is due to larger pore size. Furthermore, membranes with smaller fiber diameters possess a finer pore structure, resulting in a polyamide layer with fewer defects than membranes with larger fibers. This improved structure achieved a separation efficiency of 68% ± 1.02% for MgSO4, while the membrane with an average fiber diameter of 1.80 ± 0.49 μm demonstrated a separation rate of 20% ± 2.26%. These findings provide a step forward in the development of a theoretical framework for engineering TFC membranes with electrospun mats as supports.
A Model‐Based Trial Design With a Randomization Scheme Considering Pharmacokinetics Exposure for Dose Optimization in Oncology
Authors: Zhang Jun , Takeda Kentaro , Takeuchi Masato , Komatsu Kanji , Zhu Jing , Yamaguchi Yusuke 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe primary purpose of an oncology dose‐finding trial for novel anticancer agents has been shifting from determining the maximum tolerated dose to identifying an optimal dose (OD) that is tolerable and therapeutically beneficial for subjects in subsequent clinical trials. In 2022, the FDA Oncology Center of Excellence initiated Project Optimus to reform the paradigm of dose optimization and dose selection in oncology drug development and issued a draft guidance. The guidance suggests that dose‐finding trials include randomized dose–response cohorts of multiple doses and incorporate information on pharmacokinetics (PK) in addition to safety and efficacy data to select the OD. Furthermore, PK information could be a quick alternative to efficacy data to predict the minimum efficacious dose and decide the dose assignment. This article proposes a model‐based trial design for dose optimization with a randomization scheme based on PK outcomes in oncology. A simulation study shows that the proposed design has advantages compared to the other designs in the percentage of correct OD selection and the average number of patients assigned to OD in various realistic settings.
Subgroup Identification Based on Quantitative Objectives
Authors: Sun Yan , Hedayat A. S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPrecision medicine is the future of drug development, and subgroup identification plays a critical role in achieving the goal. In this paper, we propose a powerful end‐to‐end solution squant (available on CRAN) that explores a sequence of quantitative objectives. The method converts the original study to an artificial 1:1 randomized trial, and features a flexible objective function, a stable signature with good interpretability, and an embedded false discovery rate (FDR) control. We demonstrate its performance through simulation and provide a real data example.
Data Asset Quality Evaluation Framework Based on a Hybrid Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making Method
Authors: Xu Tao , You Xiaoyue , Yang Miying , Shi Yongjiang , Mao Renjie 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a new framework for evaluating data asset quality using a hybrid multi‐criteria decision‐making (MCDM) approach that integrates the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL), best–worst method (BWM), and fuzzy‐technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) techniques. First, the framework considers data as both a product and an asset, leading to the development of quality indicators beyond the traditional dimensions. Subsequently, the interrelationships among indicators are addressed using the DEMATEL method, allowing for the identification of key indicators that significantly influence data asset quality in a given scenario. The BWM method is then employed to determine the weights of these key indicators, enabling a more precise assessment of their importance. After that, the TOPSIS method, incorporating triangular fuzzy numbers, is utilized to rank the data asset quality of different companies. Finally, the effectiveness of the framework is demonstrated by applying it to a group of companies, and the results of the company's evaluation are discussed, along with the corresponding data asset quality improvement initiatives.
Geomorphic Signature of Urbanization: An Analysis of Four Streams in Southeastern Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Jerez Lesmes A. M. , Smith Virginia B. , Welker Andrea L. , Kemp Stanley J. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe effects of urbanization on streams, including higher discharges and changes in the sediment budget, have been well‐documented. However, the distinct geomorphic response of streams under varying degrees of development has not been studied sufficiently. Based on Lane's stream equilibrium model, this research projected stream bed elevation changes over the next 50 years in four streams with different degrees of watershed development in Southeastern Pennsylvania using the 1D aggradation–degradation model. This study also explored the role of geomorphic drivers on stream response by performing a sensitivity analysis. The input parameters to run this numerical model were determined: stream bankfull discharge (Qf), intermittency (If), bankfull width (B), as well as stream channel slope (S), median grain size (Ds50), and total annual average sediment input from upstream (Gtf). Results suggest that the stream geomorphic signature of urbanization is influenced by the magnitude and spatial arrangement of land cover types within the watershed. Chrome Run‐upstream, the most developed site of this study, has the potential of 4.21 m of total stream bed incision, with no armoring of the bed. The least developed site, Dismal Run, will remain in equilibrium over the next 50 years. This study also found Ds50, S, Qf, and B are the parameters most sensitive to stream bed changes regardless of the degree of watershed development. However, the negative or positive response depends on the current condition of the stream channel.
A promise is a promise: A love letter from the ACH to the world of 2050†
Authors: Maurer Bill 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTExperiments in money often recapitulate long‐standing human concerns over finality and fixity, despite money's reference points in political authority, trust, and the memorialization of relationships of credit and debt. From the point of view of the primary set of infrastructures facilitating the movement of money in 2050, those concerns are misplaced. Recounting the history of those infrastructures, this love letter from a future intelligence is addressed to those humans who would reimagine money so that they will recognize the human and technical infrastructures on which it has always depended.
Molecular Imprinting Strategy Enables Circularly Polarized Luminescence Enhancement of Recyclable Chiral Polymer Films
Authors: Wang Nianwei , Hong Ran , Zhang Gong , Pan Menghan , Bao Yinglong , Zhang Wei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescence (CPL) plays a crucial role in the fields of optical display and information technology. The pursuit of high dissymmetry factors (glum) and fluorescence quantum yields in CPL materials remains challenging due to inherent trade‐offs. In this work, molecular imprinting technology is employed to develop novel CPL‐active polymer films based entirely on achiral fluorene‐based polymers, achieving an enhanced glum value exceeding 4.2 × 10−2 alongside high quantum yields. These chiral molecularly imprinted polymer films (MIPF) are synthesized via a systematic three‐step process: co‐assembly with limonene and a porphyrin derivative (TBPP), interchain crosslinking, and subsequent removal of small molecules. During this process, limonene acts as the chiral inducer, while TBPP serves dual roles as both the chiral enhancer and imprinted molecule. The elimination of TBPP creates chiral sites for various fluorescent molecules, facilitating full‐color CPL emission. The chiral MIPF exhibits stable CPL performance even after multiple cycles of post‐assembly and removal. Furthermore, these films can function as interfacial microreactors, enabling in situ chemical reactions that dynamically regulate CPL signals. Additionally, chiral self‐organization within achiral azobenzene polymer films can also be achieved using MIPF, serving as intense chiral light sources.
Unravelling Species‐Specific Loading Effects on Oxygen Reduction Activity of Heteronuclear Single Atom Catalysts
Authors: Yang Tong , Ding Keda , Zhou Jun , Ma Xiaoyang , Tan Kay Chen , Wang Ge , Huang Haitao , Yang Ming 
Published: November 2024

AbstractToward high‐density single atom catalysts (SACs), the interaction between neighboring SACs and the induced non‐linear loading effect become crucial for their intrinsic catalytic performance. Despite recent investigations on homonuclear SACs, understanding such effect in heteronuclear SACs remains limited. Using Fe and Co SACs co‐supported on the nitrogen‐doped graphene as a model system, the loading effect on the site‐specific activity of heteronuclear SACs toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is here reported by density functional theory calculations. The Fe site exhibits an oscillatory decrease in activity with the loading. In contrast, the Co site has a volcano‐like activity with the optimum performance achieved at ≈16.8 wt.% (average inter‐site distance: ≈7 Å). At the ultra‐high loading of 38.4 wt.% (inter‐site distance: ≈4 Å), the Co site is the only ORR active site, whereas Fe sites turn into spectators. This distinct loading‐dependent activity between the Fe and Co sites can be ascribed to their difference in the binding capability with the substrate and the dxz and dyz orbitals’ occupation. These findings highlight the importance of the loading effect in heteronuclear SACs, which could be useful for the development of high‐performance heteronuclear and high‐entropy SACs toward various catalytic reactions in the high‐loading regime.
Residual textile reinforced mortar‐to‐concrete bond after exposure to harsh environments
Authors: Karakasis Ioannis Ch. , Papanicolaou Catherine G. , Triantafillou Thanasis C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTextile reinforced mortars (TRM) are materials whose mechanical behavior has been extensively investigated during the last few years. However, studies on the behavior of these materials after exposure to various aggressive environments are still limited and, hence, their performance during their entire service life remains to be determined. The present study contributes to the knowledge pool regarding the behavior of concrete specimens furnished with TRM overlays post their exposure to various harsh environments, specifically through the analysis of shear bond tests. More specifically, 120 concrete substrates were reinforced with one and two layers of carbon textile which were embedded into a high and a low strength cementitious mortar and exposed to various harsh environments (carbonation, chlorides, carbonation and chlorides, different number of freeze–thaw cycles). It was concluded that: (i) a reduction of more than 25% is possible regarding failure stress; (ii) the number of textile layers plays an important role in TRM‐concrete bond behavior; and (iii) the influence of mortar strength is limited.
Stressing state analysis of unbonded prestressed concrete simply supported slabs in fire
Authors: Yang Chuan , Dong Yuli , Qi Jianquan , Duan Jintao , Zhang Dashan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper reveals the essential stressing state characteristics of unbonded prestressed concrete (UPC) simply supported slabs in fire by exploring the experimental data based on structural stressing state theory. First, the experimental deflections are transformed into the generalized work of force values to represent the structural characteristic parameter. Then, the Mann–Kendall criterion detects the mutation points where the characteristic parameter curve shows a trend change with the rising temperature. Next, the mutation characteristics are verified by studying the stressing state modes and coordinative working behavior of simply supported slabs under characteristic temperatures. Consequently, the elastoplastic branch points and failure starting point of the simply supported slabs in fire are revealed, complying with the natural law from quantitative change to qualitative change. Finally, the formula is fitted to calculate the failure loads with a verification, and the existing failure loads were redefined to provide a new and valuable reference for analyzing the working behavior of UPC simply supported slabs in fire.