bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Similar responses of native and alien floras in European cities to climate
Authors: Kalusová Veronika , Čeplová Natálie , Chytrý Milan , Danihelka Jiří , Dřevojan Pavel , Fajmon Karel , Hájek Ondřej , Kalníková Veronika , Novák Pavel , Řehořek Vladimír , Těšitel Jakub , Tichý Lubomír , Wirth Tamás , Lososová Zdeňka 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAimClimate is an important factor controlling plant distributions. However, it is not yet fully understood how climate interacts with human impacts or whether the effects of these factors differ between native and alien species. Facing ongoing climate change and urbanization, we explore the effects of climate on plant species richness and composition across European cities.LocationSixty cities in Western, Central and Southern Europe.TaxonVascular plants.MethodsSpecies presence was recorded in seven habitats in each city. Large‐scale climatic gradients were derived from 22 climatic variables using a partial principal component analysis that controlled for the effects of human population size and gross domestic product. The effects of climate and habitat type on the numbers of native and alien species were tested using linear mixed‐effect models. The native and alien compositional variation across cities and habitats was analysed using principal component analysis with variation partitioning.ResultsThe Mediterranean‐to‐temperate climatic gradient had a significant effect on species numbers across all habitats. The numbers of both native and alien species increased from the Mediterranean to temperate Europe. Within each city, the proportion of alien species decreased from highly urbanized to less urbanized habitats. Climate had a stronger effect on the composition of alien plants than on the composition of native plants. The native species composition especially changed from the Mediterranean to temperate cities and alien species composition also from oceanic to continental cities.Main conclusionsUrban native and alien species richness follow the pattern found for the whole European flora. Based on this observation, we suggest that the future shift of warm and dry conditions from the Mediterranean to the north that is expected under global change scenarios could affect richness and change the composition of European urban floras. However, this shift would not necessarily alter the proportions of aliens.
The International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) position statement on the use of 24‐hour, spot, and short duration (<24 hours) timed urine collections to assess dietary sodium intake
Authors: Campbell Norm R. C. , He Feng J. , Tan Monique , Cappuccio Francesco P. , Neal Bruce , Woodward Mark , Cogswell Mary E. , McLean Rachael , Arcand Joanne , MacGregor Graham , Whelton Paul , Jula Antti , L'Abbe Mary R. , Cobb Laura K. , Lackland Daniel T. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) is a coalition of intentional and national health and scientific organizations formed because of concerns low‐quality research methods were creating controversy regarding dietary salt reduction. One of the main sources of controversy is believed related to errors in estimating sodium intake with urine studies. The recommendations and positions in this manuscript were generated following a series of systematic reviews and analyses by experts in hypertension, nutrition, statistics, and dietary sodium. To assess the population's current 24‐hour dietary sodium ingestion, single complete 24‐hour urine samples, collected over a series of days from a representative population sample, were recommended. To accurately estimate usual dietary sodium at the individual level, at least 3 non‐consecutive complete 24‐hour urine collections obtained over a series of days that reflect the usual short‐term variations in dietary pattern were recommended. Multiple 24‐hour urine collections over several years were recommended to estimate an individual's usual long‐term sodium intake. The role of single spot or short duration timed urine collections in assessing population average sodium intake requires more research. Single or multiple spot or short duration timed urine collections are not recommended for assessing an individual's sodium intake especially in relationship to health outcomes. The recommendations should be applied by scientific review committees, granting agencies, editors and journal reviewers, investigators, policymakers, and those developing and creating dietary sodium recommendations. Low‐quality research on dietary sodium/salt should not be funded, conducted, or published.
Stage‐dependent involvement of ADAM10 and its significance in epileptic seizures
Authors: Zhou Xu , Tao Hua , Cai Yujie , Cui Lili , Zhao Bin , Li Keshen 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe prevalence of epileptic seizures in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted an increasing amount of attention in recent years, and many cohort studies have found several risk factors associated with the genesis of seizures in AD. Among these factors, young age and severe dementia are seemingly contradictory and independent risk factors, indicating that the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures is, to a certain extent, stage‐dependent. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 10 (ADAM10) is a crucial α‐secretase responsible for ectodomain shedding of its substrates; thus, the function of this protein depends on the biological effects of its substrates. Intriguingly, transgenic models have demonstrated ADAM10 to be associated with epilepsy. Based on the biological effects of its substrates, the potential pathogenic roles of ADAM10 in epileptic seizures can be classified into amyloidogenic processes in the ageing stage and cortical dysplasia in the developmental stage. Therefore, ADAM10 is reviewed here as a stage‐dependent modulator in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Current data regarding ADAM10 in epileptic seizures were collected and reviewed for potential pathogenic roles (ie amyloidogenic processes and cortical dysplasia) and regulatory mechanisms (ie transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation). These findings are then discussed in terms of the significance of the stage‐dependent functions of ADAM10 in epilepsy. Several potential targets for seizure control, such as candidate transcription factors and microRNAs that regulate ADAM10, as well as potential genetic screening tools for the early recognition of cortical dysplasia, have been suggested but must be studied in more detail.
Editorial: Correlation and causation: to study causality in psychopathology
Authors: Lervåg Arne 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe desire to seek explanations and causal patterns is deeply embedded in human nature. This has long been acknowledged, and as early as 29 BC Virgil stated “Lucky is he who has been able to understand the causes of things” (Pearl & Mackenzie, 2018). Yet still, the science of causality is quite new, and has developed much more recently than for instance probability and significance testing (Pearl, 2018). However, during the last 10–15 years a new focus on causal inference has affected how scientists think in most empirical fields in a way that some even argue represents a causal revolution (Pearl, 2018). The increased understanding of the logic behind causal reasoning has also affected how we study psychopathological development. It is now well acknowledged that the complexity of development and developmental disorders means we require explanations on different levels, using different research designs. The articles in this issue illustrate this in various ways.
Chronic occupational exposure to lead leads to significant mucocutaneous changes in lead factory workers
Authors: Rerknimitr P. , Kantikosum K. , Chottawornsak N. , Tangkijngamvong N. , Kerr S.J. , Prueksapanich P. , Sithisarankul P. , Kumtornrut C. , Asawanonda P. , Sutheparuk S. , Panchaprateep R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundChronic lead toxicity is a worldwide public health problem. Lead possesses deleterious effects on many organ systems. However, little is known regarding its clinical and biophysical effects on the skin.ObjectiveTo investigate mucocutaneous signs and biophysical property changes in skin after chronic lead toxicity.MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐seven patients who were car battery workers participated in the study. Complete history and physical examination were performed. Blood was collected for laboratory analyses. Thorough skin examination by dermatologists was carried out in 134 subjects. Additionally, 96 patients with blood lead levels (BLL) >70 μg/dL were further evaluated for skin elasticity, sebum content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, pH and pigmentation. An equal number of age‐, sex‐ and skin‐type‐matched subjects were recruited as controls.ResultsThe mean BLL of all subjects was 74.15 ± 11.58 μg/dL. The most frequently observed signs were gingival brown pigmentation in 112 (83.6%), gingivitis in 111 (82.8%) and lead line in 66 (49.3%) patients. The lead line was found in subjects with significantly higher BLLs (adjusted mean difference 6.45, 95% CI 2.30–10.60 μg/dL, P = 0.003) and in association with gingivitis (adjusted OR 7.32, 95% CI 2.08–25.74, P = 0.002). Mean BLL of the patients who underwent biophysical assessment was 82.77 ± 9.80 μg/dL. Patients exhibited a statistically significant lower skin hydration observed by corneometer as well as elasticity. The adjusted ORs of having dry skin and lower elasticity were 15.32 (95% CI 4.41–53.24), P < 0.001) and 1.96 (95% CI 1.06–3.60), P = 0.031), respectively. These differences were not significant for sebum content, TEWL, pH and pigmentation.ConclusionImportantly, even in normal‐appearing skin, level of hydration and elasticity decreased in lead‐intoxicated patients. These results suggest that lead might possess harmful effects on the skin at measurable levels.
Associations of pigmentary and naevus phenotype with melanoma risk in two populations with comparable ancestry but contrasting levels of ambient sun exposure
Authors: Cust A.E. , Drummond M. , Bishop D.T. , Azizi L. , Schmid H. , Jenkins M.A. , Hopper J.L. , Armstrong B.K. , Aitken J.F. , Kefford R.F. , Giles G.G. , Demenais F. , Goldstein A.M. , Barrett J.H. , Kanetsky P.A. , Elder D.E. , Mann G.J. , Newton‐Bishop J.A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundPeople at high risk of developing melanoma are usually identified by pigmentary and naevus phenotypes.ObjectiveWe examined whether associations of these phenotypes with melanoma risk differed by ambient sun exposure or participant characteristics in two population‐based, case–control studies with comparable ancestry but different ambient sun exposure.MethodsData were analysed from 616 cases and 496 controls from the Australian Melanoma Family Study and 2012 cases and 504 controls from the Leeds (UK) case–control study. Questionnaire, interview and dermatological skin examination data were collected using the same measurement protocols. Relative risks were estimated as odds ratios using unconditional logistic regression, adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsHair and skin colour were the strongest pigmentary phenotype risk factors. All associations of pigmentary phenotype with melanoma risk were similar across countries. The median number of clinically assessed naevi was approximately three times higher in Australia than Leeds, but the relative risks for melanoma associated with each additional common or dysplastic naevus were higher for Leeds than Australia, especially for naevi on the upper and lower limbs. Higher naevus counts on the head and neck were associated with a stronger relative risk for melanoma for women than men. The two countries had similar relative risks for melanoma based on self‐reported naevus density categories, but personal perceptions of naevus number differed by country. There was no consistent evidence of interactions between phenotypes on risk.ConclusionsClassifying people at high risk of melanoma based on their number of naevi should ideally take into account their country of residence, type of counts (clinical or self‐reported), body site on which the naevus counts are measured and sex. The presence of naevi may be a stronger indicator of a genetic predisposition in the UK than in Australia based on less opportunity for sun exposure to influence naevus development.
Mother–embryo isotope fractionation in the pygmy devilray Mobula kuhlii cf. eregoodootenkee
Authors: Broadhurst Matt K. , Domit Camila , Trevizani Tailisi H. , Raoult Vincent , Millar Russell B. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe determined stable‐isotope ratios for replicate muscle tissues in 13 gravid Mobula kuhlii cf. eregoodootenkee (110.4–120.4 cm disc width; WD) and their embryos (7.0–42.3 cm WD) and also yolks and histrotroph, to assess the potential implications for juvenile nutrition and habitat use. Irrespective of their development in the uterus, embryos had similar δ13C values in their muscle tissue as the mothers and both had greater values than in the histotroph. During gestation, δ13C values increased across all sample types. However, while embryo muscle tissue and the histotroph were associated with increasing 15N levels during embryonic development, this was depleted in the mothers’ muscle tissue and yolk. Although speculative, the observed variation in stable‐isotope ratios might imply a dietary shift among gravid females during their early gestation. Irrespective of the underlying mechanisms, the results indicate neonates will have relatively greater δ15N values than post‐partum females, which would probably confound juvenile foraging‐ecology estimates.
Sexually dimorphic body proportions in the catshark genus Scyliorhinus (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes: Scyliorhinidae)
Authors: Soares Karla D. A. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIntersexual differences in morphometrics were investigated in five species of the catshark genus Scyliorhinus. ANCOVA was used to test 59 measurements, considering capture location and total length as covariates. In all examined species, pelvic–anal distances and pelvic‐fin inner margin lengths were greater in males than in females, representing a clear pattern for the genus.
Genetic variation in eggplant for Nitrogen Use Efficiency under contrasting NO3‐ supply
Authors: Mauceri Antonio , Bassolino Laura , Lupini Antonio , Badeck Franz , Rizza Fulvia , Schiavi Massimo , Toppino Laura , Abenavoli Maria Rosa , Rotino Giuseppe L. , Sunseri Francesco 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEggplant (Solanum melongena L.) yield is highly sensitive to N fertilization, the excessive use of which is responsible for environmental and human health damage. Lowering N input together with the selection of improved Nitrogen‐Use‐Efficiency (NUE) genotypes, more able to uptake, utilize, and remobilize N available in soils, can be challenging to maintain high crop yields in a sustainable agriculture. The aim of this study was to explore the natural variation among eggplant accessions from different origins, in response to Low (LN) and High (HN) Nitrate (NO3‐) supply, to identify NUE‐contrasting genotypes and their NUE‐related traits, in hydroponic and greenhouse pot experiments. Two eggplants, AM222 and AM22, were identified as N‐use efficient and inefficient, respectively, in hydroponic, and these results were confirmed in a pot experiment, when crop yield was also evaluated. Overall, our results indicated the key role of N‐utilization component (NUtE) to confer high NUE. The remobilization of N from leaves to fruits may be a strategy to enhance NUtE, suggesting glutamate synthase as a key enzyme. Further, omics technologies will be used for focusing on C‐N metabolism interacting networks. The availability of RILs from two other selected NUE‐contrasting genotypes will allow us to detect major genes/quantitative trait loci related to NUE.
Digital Workflow for Computer‐Guided Implant Surgery in Edentulous Patients with an Intraoral Scanner and Old Complete Denture
Authors: An Xueyin , Yang Hyun‐Woo , Choi Byung‐Ho 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA double‐scan procedure is commonly performed in the process of fabricating an implant surgical template; however, this entails the disadvantage of recording 2 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans requiring additional time, effort, and costs. The purpose of this article is to introduce a digital protocol to acquire adequate preoperative diagnostic information for a fully edentulous patient, using the existing complete denture with a metal framework, an intraoral scanner, and CBCT.
Integrated transcriptome provides resources and insights into the adaptive evolution of colonized brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Wang Jun , Yue Wucheng , Lei Shuangyong , Puqiong  , Dobjay Solange , Li Zhihua , Wang Chenghui 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe Tibetan Plateau is the world's largest plateau that is characterized by low temperature, low oxygen, and strong ultraviolet radiation. Colonized species that invade the plateau must change their characteristics to adapt to the harsh environment. However, research on the adaptation of introduced species on plateaus is limited. In this study, brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) was studied as a colonized species of the Tibetan Plateau, and a de novo transcriptome assembly was conducted to explore the genetic basis of plateau adaptation. A total of 38,606 unigenes were assembled, with over 90% of the unigenes annotated. Using comparative transcriptomics analysis, we identified 129 positively selected genes and 126 species‐specific gene families in colonized brown trout that were associated with energy metabolism, angiogenesis, heart development, ammonium transport, and DNA damage and repair, which may play essential roles in the adaptation to high altitude of colonized brown trout compared to other inland Salmonidae species. Our results provide an integrated and comprehensive transcriptomic resource for brown trout colonized in Tibet. These results potentially contribute to future studies aiming to identify candidate genes and pathways underlying the genetic basis of adaptation in the Tibetan plateau and assist in the population protection and aquaculture of brown trout in Tibet.
Rags, ragpickers, and early modern papermaking
Authors: Craig Heidi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn medieval and early modern Europe, paper for writing and printing was made from recycled linen rags. Before they could be made into paper, rags first had to be acquired by individuals. Ragmen, rag‐women, ragpickers, rag‐rakers, rag‐gatherers, and rag‐collectors collected rags from door‐to‐door and picked them out of refuse piles, and eventually conveyed them to papermakers. This article begins with a short description of early modern papermaking in Europe and then shifts to its main subject: ragpickers and their rags in early modern England as understudied historical subjects and as figures of metaphor in the period's discourse. As an underclass, then as now, ragpickers have not been the subject of sustained historical attention. Although ragpickers' work went unnoticed or unacknowledged by some early modern writers, other writers invoked ragpickers and their rags to express ideas about literary production, class, filth, disease, and the relationship between London and the provinces. Studies of ragpickers and rags therefore intersect with recent research on labor in rural and urban England in the early modern period; on waste objects; and on women in the early modern book trade. Because Western papermaking relied on rags for over five hundred years, and because rags and paper continually traversed geographical boundaries over that period, studies of the rag‐trade transcend traditional scholarly boundaries of nation and periodization. Therefore, while this article focuses on early modern England, it also offers possible directions for transnational, transhistorical, and comparative approaches to rags and ragpickers.
The early geological history of the Moon inferred from ancient lunar meteorite Miller Range 13317
Authors: Curran N. M. , Joy K. H. , Snape J. F. , Pernet‐Fisher J. F. , Gilmour J. D. , Nemchin A. A. , Whitehouse M. J. , Burgess R. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMiller Range (MIL) 13317 is a heterogeneous basalt‐bearing lunar regolith breccia that provides insights into the early magmatic history of the Moon. MIL 13317 is formed from a mixture of material with clasts having an affinity to Apollo ferroan anorthosites and basaltic volcanic rocks. Noble gas data indicate that MIL 13317 was consolidated into a breccia between 2610 ± 780 Ma and 1570 ± 470 Ma where it experienced a complex near‐surface irradiation history for ~835 ± 84 Myr, at an average depth of ~30 cm. The fusion crust has an intermediate composition (Al2O3 15.9 wt%; FeO 12.3 wt%) with an added incompatible trace element (Th 5.4 ppm) chemical component. Taking the fusion crust to be indicative of the bulk sample composition, this implies that MIL 13317 originated from a regolith that is associated with a mare‐highland boundary that is KREEP‐rich (i.e., K, rare earth elements, and P). A comparison of bulk chemical data from MIL 13317 with remote sensing data from the Lunar Prospector orbiter suggests that MIL 13317 likely originated from the northwest region of Oceanus Procellarum, east of Mare Nubium, or at the eastern edge of Mare Frigoris. All these potential source areas are on the near side of the Moon, indicating a close association with the Procellarum KREEP Terrane. Basalt clasts in MIL 13317 are from a very low‐Ti to low‐Ti (between 0.14 and 0.32 wt%) source region. The similar mineral fractionation trends of the different basalt clasts in the sample suggest they are comagmatic in origin. Zircon‐bearing phases and Ca‐phosphate grains in basalt clasts and matrix grains yield 207Pb/206Pb ages between 4344 ± 4 and 4333 ± 5 Ma. These ancient 207Pb/206Pb ages indicate that the meteorite has sampled a range of Pre‐Nectarian volcanic rocks that are poorly represented in the Apollo, Luna, and lunar meteorite collections. As such, MIL 13317 adds to the growing evidence that basaltic volcanic activity on the Moon started as early as ~4340 Ma, before the main period of lunar mare basalt volcanism at ~3850 Ma.
New views of humpback whale flow dynamics and oral morphology during prey engulfment
Authors: Werth Alexander J. , Kosma Madison M. , Chenoweth Ellen M. , Straley Janice M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe rise of inexpensive, user‐friendly cameras and editing software promises to revolutionize data collection with minimal disturbance to marine mammals. Video sequences recorded by aerial drones and GoPro cameras provided close‐up views and unique perspectives of humpback whales engulfing juvenile salmon at or just below the water surface in Southeast Alaska and Prince William Sound. Although humpback feeding is famous for its flexibility, several stereotyped events were noted in the 47 lunges we analyzed. Engulfment was rapid (mean 2.07 s), and the entrance through which the tongue inverts into the ventral pouch was seen as water rushes in. Cranial elevation was a major contributor to gape, and pouch contraction sometimes began before full gape closure, with reverberating waves indicating rebounding flow of water within the expanded pouch. Expulsion of filtered water began with a small splash at the anterior of the mouth, followed by sustained excurrent flow in the mouth's central or posterior regions. Apart from a splash of rebounding water, water within the mouth was surprisingly turbulence‐free during engulfment, but submersion of the whale's head created visible surface whirlpools and vortices which may aggregate prey for subsequent engulfment.