bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of substrate temperature on microstructural evolution and hardenability of tungsten carbide coating in hot filament chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Sabzi Masoud , Mousavi Anijdan Seyyed Hashem , Asadian Mohsen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractEffect of substrate temperature on microstructural evolution and hardenability of tungsten carbide coating produced by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) process was studied. Annealed sheets of 316L stainless steels were used as the substrate. HFCVD technique, with substrate temperatures of 400 and 500°C, was used to deposit tungsten carbide coating on these sheets. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE‐SEM) was used to study the evolution of microstructure. X‐Ray Diffraction spectroscopy was used to analyze the phases formed and Raman spectroscopy was employed to differentiate molecular composition of the coatings. The amount of the porosity of the coatings was measured and Vickers hardness measurement was used for hardness assessment. Results show that the tungsten carbide coatings have a honeycomb structure and increasing the temperature of the substrate increases the amount of porosity of the coating. XRD results showed that 3 different crystalline structures containing W, WC, and W2C were formed in the coating deposited on the 316L stainless steel. Increasing the temperature of the deposition has increased the intensity of the peaks in the XRD results. Raman spectroscopy results indicated the presence of a carbon in the tungsten carbide coatings. Finally, microhardness of the tungsten carbide coating increases with increasing the temperature of the substrate.
Exploring the feasibility and utility of exome‐scale tumour sequencing in a clinical setting
Authors: Lee Belinda , Tran Ben , Hsu Arthur L. , Taylor Graham R. , Fox Stephen B. , Fellowes Andrew , Marquis Renata , Mooi Jennifer , Desai Jayesh , Doig Ken , Ekert Paul , Gaff Clara , Herath Dishan , Hamilton Anne , James Paul , Roberts Andrew , Snyder Ray , Waring Paul , McArthur Grant 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundTechnology has progressed from single gene panel to large‐scale genomic sequencing. This is raising expectations from clinicians and patients alike. The utility and performance of this technology in a clinical setting needs to be evaluated.AimThis pilot study investigated the feasibility of using exome‐scale sequencing (ESS) to identify molecular drivers within cancers in real‐time for Precision Oncology in the clinic.MethodsBetween March 2014 and March 2015, the Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre Alliance explored the feasibility and utility of ESS in a pilot study. DNA extracted from the tumour specimens underwent both ESS and targeted ‘hotspot’ sequencing (TS). Blood was taken for germline analysis. A multi‐disciplinary molecular tumour board determined the clinical relevance of identified mutations; in particular, whether they were ‘actionable’ and/or ‘druggable’.ResultsOf 23 patients screened, 15 (65%) met the tissue requirements for genomic analysis. TS and ESS were successful in all cases. ESS identified pathogenic somatic variants in 73% (11/15 cases) versus 53% (8/15 cases) using TS. Clinically focused ESS identified 63 variants, consisting of 30 somatic variants (including all 13 identified by TS) and 33 germline variants. Overall, there were 48 unique variants. ESS had a clinical impact in 53% (8/15 cases); 47% (7/15 cases) were referred to the familial cancer clinic, and ‘druggable’ targets were identified in 53% (8/15 cases).ConclusionESS of tumour DNA impacted clinical decision‐making in 53%, with 20% more pathogenic variants identified through ESS than TS. The identification of germline variants in 47% was an unexpected finding.
An exploration of the participation of people with intellectual disabilities in research—a structured interview survey
Authors: Frankena Tessa Kim , Naaldenberg Jenneken , Bekkema Nienke , van Schrojenstein Lantman‐de Valk Henny J. M. , Cardol Mieke , Leusink Geraline 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundEven though participation of people with intellectual disabilities in research is increasingly common, there is little insight into how many people with intellectual disabilities participate, their motivations to participate and their interests regarding study results.MethodFive questions were added to the Panel Living Together (PLT) survey among 508 people with intellectual disabilities. The questions aimed to gain insight into the (i) frequency of participation; (ii) methods used to participate; (iii) motivations to participate; and (iv) interests regarding study results.ResultsAlthough 73.5% (n = 347) of the respondents enjoyed their participation and 71.6% (n = 312) found it important to participate, only 11.8% (n = 60) participated in research other than PLT. Of the respondents, 61% (n = 261) indicated they wanted to be informed about study results, 29.1% (n = 148) of this group stated they wanted to compare, learn and share information.ConclusionsFuture research should focus on how motivations of people with intellectual disabilities to participate in inclusive research, such as “empowerment,” can be supported to facilitate their involvement in research.
Efficacy and safety of the G protein‐coupled receptor 119 agonist DS‐8500a in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with inadequate glycemic control on sitagliptin: A phase 2 randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Terauchi Yasuo , Yamada Yuichiro , Watada Hirotaka , Nakatsuka Yasuhiko , Shiosakai Kazuhito , Washio Takuo , Taguchi Takashi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of DS‐8500a as add‐on therapy to sitagliptin in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Materials and MethodsThis multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial randomized patients aged ≥20 years with hemoglobin A1c ≥7.0% and <9.0%, and inadequate glycemic control with sitagliptin 50‐mg monotherapy to receive 25 or 75 mg DS‐8500a, or a placebo, orally. The primary end‐point was change from baseline to day 28 in 24‐h weighted mean glucose. Secondary end‐points included change from baseline in fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose and lipid profiles.ResultsOverall, 29, 28 and 27 patients in the placebo, 25‐ and 75‐mg groups, respectively, were analyzed. A significant dose‐dependent reduction was observed in 24‐h weighted mean glucose (linear: P = 0.0006, saturated at 25 mg: P = 0.0003, responded from 75 mg: P = 0.0176) when compared with the placebo (25 mg: −13.19 mg/dL [−0.73 mmol/L], P = 0.0044 vs placebo and 75 mg: −16.12 mg/dL [−0.89 mmol/L], P = 0.0006 vs placebo). A significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose at 75 mg vs placebo was observed (P < 0.001). At 25 and 75 mg, significant reductions of 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose (after breakfast), total cholesterol, low‐cholesterol and triglycerides were observed (all P < 0.05), with a (non‐significant) trend towards increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Both doses of DS‐8500a were well tolerated. There were no significant treatment‐emergent adverse events leading to discontinuation during the study.ConclusionsDS‐8500a was well tolerated, and showed significant glycemic benefits and favorable changes in lipid profile in Japanese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with inadequate glycemic control with sitagliptin therapy.
One‐Year Effect of the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit on Detection of Cognitive Impairment: A Cohort Study
Authors: Fowler Nicole R. , Campbell Noll L. , Pohl Gerhardt M. , Munsie Leanne M. , Kirson Noam Y , Desai Urvi , Trieschman Erich J. , Meiselbach Mark K. , Andrews J. Scott , Boustani Malaz A. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) on the detection of cognitive impairment and on follow‐up cognitive care for older adults.DesignRetrospective matched‐cohort study.SettingUnited States.ParticipantsA 5% random sample of fee‐for‐service Medicare beneficiaries continuously enrolled for 12 months before and after an index ambulatory visit occurring from 2011 to 2013 with no claims evidence of cognitive impairment before index.MeasurementsOutcomes include 12‐month post‐index visit claims‐based measurements of cognitive impairment, including new Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) diagnoses; medications for ADRD; and cognitive care‐related diagnostic examination such as neurobehavioral testing, brain imaging, and blood tests for thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), serum B12, folate, and syphilis. We also measured changes in burden of anticholinergic medication.ResultsThere were no clinically relevant differences between the AWV and control groups in the rates of incident ADRD diagnoses (6.16% vs 6.86%, p<.001) and initiation of ADRD medications (1.00% vs 1.08%, p=.15), although there were differences favoring the AWV group in rates of TSH (39.80% vs 28.36%, p<.001), B12 (9.41% vs 6.97%, p<.001), folate (4.76% vs 3.72%, p<.001), and neurobehavioral (0.75% vs 0.55%, p<.001) testing.ConclusionsAlthough the AWV is correlated with an increase in some measures of cognitive care, such as laboratory testing for reversible causes of cognitive impairment, it does not appear to substantially increase recognition of undetected ADRD.
Gait Speed and Mobility Disability: Revisiting Meaningful Levels in Diverse Clinical Populations
Authors: Miller Michael E. , Magaziner Jay , Marsh Anthony P. , Fielding Roger A. , Gill Thomas M. , King Abby C. , Kritchevsky Stephen , Manini Todd , McDermott Mary M. , Neiberg Rebecca , Orwig Denise , Santanasto Adam J. , Pahor Marco , Guralnik Jack , Rejeski W. Jack ,   for the LIFE Investigators
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate the heterogeneity of clinically meaningful levels of gait speed relative to self‐reported mobility disability (SR‐MD).DesignFive longitudinal studies with older adults in different health states (onset of acute event, presence of chronic condition, sedentary, community living) were used to explore the relationship between gait speed and SR‐MD.SettingLifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE‐P), LIFE, Trial of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors (TRAIN), Baltimore Hip Fracture Study (BHS2), Invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI).ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older (N=3,540): sedentary, community dwelling (LIFE‐P/LIFE), with hip fracture (BHS2), random population‐based sample (InCHIANTI), high cardiovascular risk (TRAIN).MeasurementsUsual‐pace gait speed across 3 to 4 m and SR‐MD, defined as inability to walk approximately 1 block or climb 1 flight of stairs.ResultsThe mean gait speed of participants without SR‐MD was greater than 1.0 m/s in InCHIANTI and TRAIN, 0.79 m/s in LIFE‐P/LIFE, and 0.46 m/sec in BHS2. Of individuals with SR‐MD, mean gait speed was 0.08 m/s slower in LIFE‐P/LIFE, 0.19 m/s slower in TRAIN, 0.22 m/s slower in BHS2, and 0.36 m/s slower in InCHIANTI. The optimal gait speed cutpoint for minimizing SR‐MD misclassification rates ranged from 0.3 m/s in BHS2 to 1.0 m/s in TRAIN. In longitudinal analyses, development of SR‐MD was dependent on initial gait speed and change in gait speed (p<.001).ConclusionThe relationship between absolute levels of gait speed and SR‐MD may be context specific, and there may be variations between populations. Across diverse clinical populations, clinical interpretations of how change in usual pace gait speed relates to development of SR‐MD depend on where on the gait speed continuum change occurs.
Treatment of gingival recession using a coronally‐advanced flap procedure with or without placental membrane
Authors: George Sarah Grace , Kanakamedala Anil Kumar , Mahendra Jaideep , Kareem Nashra , Mahendra Little , Jerry Jeethu John 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to compare the treatment of gingival recession defects using a coronally‐advanced flap procedure with or without placental membrane.MethodsSixty teeth in 15 patients with single and multiple Miller's class I and II gingival recession defects bilaterally in the anterior and premolar region of the maxilla and mandible were divided into two groups. In group I (control), 30 recession defects were treated with coronally‐advanced flap alone using Zucchelli's technique. In group II (test), 30 recession defects were treated with coronally‐advanced flap along with placental membrane. Probing depth, height of the gingival recession (HGR), clinical attachment level (CAL), width of the gingival recession, and width of the keratinized tissue (WKT) were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months after the surgical procedures.ResultsThere was a statistically‐significant reduction in the HGR, gain in the CAL, and WKT in group II compared to group I.ConclusionCoronally‐advanced flap with placental allograft provides a reliable technique for root coverage when compared to coronally‐advanced flap alone.
Ultrahigh‐temperature osumilite gneisses in southern Madagascar record combined heat advection and high rates of radiogenic heat production in a long‐lived high‐T orogen
Authors: Holder Robert M. , Hacker Bradley R. , Horton Forrest , Rakotondrazafy A. F. Michel 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe report the discovery of osumilite in ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) metapelites of the Anosyen domain, southern Madagascar. The gneisses equilibrated at ~930°C/0.6 GPa. Monazite and zircon U–Pb dates record 80 Ma of metamorphism. Monazite compositional trends reflect the transition from prograde to retrograde metamorphism at 550 Ma. Eu anomalies in monazite reflect changes in fO2 relative to quartz–fayalite–magnetite related to the growth and breakdown of spinel. The ratio Gd/Yb in monazite records the growth and breakdown of garnet. High rates of radiogenic heat production were the primary control on metamorphic grade at the regional scale. The short duration of prograde metamorphism in the osumilite gneisses (<29 ± 8 Ma) suggests that a thin mantle lithosphere (<80 km) or advective heating may have also been important in the formation of this high‐T, low‐P terrane.
Safety and complications of absorbable threads made of poly‐L‐lactic acid and poly lactide/glycolide: Experience with 148 consecutive patients
Authors: Sarigul Guduk Sukran , Karaca Nezih 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundThread lifting is a minimally invasive procedure for lifting and repositioning tissues. Few articles with absorbable sutures exist in the literature. Furthermore there is no study focusing on complications of absorbable sutures.ObjectiveTo describe complications of thread lifting using a totally absorbable suture composed of poly‐L‐lactic acid affixed with poly lactide/glycolide cones.MethodsData regarding complications were analyzed retrospectively for 148 patients underwent thread lifting between June 2014 and February 2017.ResultsA total of 321 pairs of sutures used in the 148 patients studied. Overall 40 (27%) patients had complications regarded as minimal or moderate without permanent sequela. The most common complication was skin dimpling and irregularity (n = 17, 11.4%) followed by ecchymosis (n = 12, 8.1%), suture extrusion (n = 4, 2.7%), and pain (n = 4, 2.7%) Except one patient, dimpling, and irregularity resolved in all patients after 3–7 days spontaneously. Suture migration was observed in 2 (1.35%) patients. Hematoma and infection were seen in 2 patients one for each.ConclusionsThe procedure using sutures made of absorbable poly‐L‐lactic acid and poly lactide/glycolide is a relatively safe procedure without major complications.
A novel heterozygous missense mutation of DSP in a Chinese Han pedigree with palmoplantar keratoderma
Authors: Xue Ke , Zheng Yajie , Cui Yong 
Published: April 2018

SummaryBackgroundMutations in the desmoplakin (DSP) gene have been demonstrated to be associated with lethal acantholytic epidermolysis bullosa, cardiomyopathy, and palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK).AimsTo better understand the relationship between PPK and the gene mutations in DSP.MethodsA pedigree of PPK was subjected to heterozygous missense mutation analysis in the DSP gene. Dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, and histopathological examination were performed from each epidermis layer in this study. Samples were derived from the blood of patients and normal healthy controls. DSP gene sequence analysis and Q‐PCR analysis was performed for evaluating DSP gene mutation and expression.ResultsA novel heterozygous missense mutation c.3550 C>T in the coding region of the DSP gene, predicting substitution of arginine (Arg,R) by tryptophan (Trp,W) in the desmoplakin polypeptide, was discovered in a Chinese pedigree of PPK. In the meanwhile, this mutation was not found in 100 healthy individuals.ConclusionsThe novel missense mutation c.3550 C>T(p.Arg1184Trp) of DSP gene expanded the mutation spectrum in palmoplantar keratoderma.
Effectiveness of antenatal perineal massage in reducing perineal trauma and post‐partum morbidities: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ugwu Emmanuel Onyebuchi , Iferikigwe Eric Sunday , Obi Samuel Nnamdi , Eleje George Uchenna , Ozumba Benjamin Chukwuma 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAimThe study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antenatal perineal massage (APM) in reducing perineal trauma and post‐partum morbidities.MethodsA randomized controlled trial of 108 primigravidae at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria, was conducted from January 2013 to May 2014. The intervention group received APM, while the control group did not receive APM.ResultsWomen who received APM were significantly more likely to have an intact perineum after childbirth [27/53 (50.9%) vs 16/55 (29.1%); RR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.07–2.86; P = 0.02]. The incidence of episiotomy was lower in the intervention group [20/53 (37.7%) vs 32/55 (58.2%); RR: 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43–0.98; P = 0.03; NNT = 5]. Women who received APM were significantly less likely to develop flatus incontinence [4/53 (8.3%) vs 13/55 (26.0%); RR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.11–0.91; P = 0.03]. However, the incidences of premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor and birth asphyxia were similar between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionAPM reduces the incidence of episiotomy and increases the incidence of women with an intact perineum after vaginal delivery. It also reduces the risk of flatus incontinence after childbirth without increased maternal or neonatal complications. Women should therefore be counseled on the likely benefits of APM and the information provided during antenatal care. Obstetricians should consider the technique as routine prenatal care for nulliparous women so as to reduce the incidence of perineal trauma during vaginal birth.
Melatonin improves insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through attenuation of alpha‐2‐HS‐glycoprotein
Authors: Heo Jee‐In , Yoon Dae Wui , Yu Ji Hee , Kim Nam Hoon , Yoo Hye Jin , Seo Ji A. , Kim Sin Gon , Choi Kyung Mook , Baik Sei Hyun , Choi Dong Seop , Kim Nan Hee 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMelatonin plays an important role in regulating circadian rhythms. It also acts as a potent antioxidant and regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, although the exact action mechanism is not clear. The α2‐HS‐glycoprotein gene (AHSG) and its protein, fetuin‐A (FETUA), are one of the hepatokines and are known to be associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether melatonin improves hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in a FETUA‐dependent manner. In HepG2 cells treated with 300 μmol/L of palmitic acid, phosphorylated AKT expression decreased, and FETUA expression increased, but this effect was inhibited by treatment with 10 μmol/L of melatonin. However, melatonin did not improve insulin resistance in FETUA‐overexpressing cells, indicating that improvement in insulin resistance by melatonin was dependent on downregulation of FETUA. Moreover, melatonin decreased palmitic acid‐induced ER stress markers, CHOP, Bip, ATF‐6, XBP‐1, ATF‐4, and PERK. In addition, in the high‐fat diet (HFD) mice, oral treatment with 100 mg/kg/day melatonin for 10 weeks reduced body weight gain to one‐third of that of the HFD group and hepatic steatosis. Insulin sensitivity and glucose intolerance improved with the upregulation of muscle p‐AKT protein expression. FETUA expression and ER stress markers in the liver and serum of HFD mice were decreased by melatonin treatment. In conclusion, melatonin can improve hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis through reduction in ER stress and the resultant AHSG expression.
Immunohistochemical differentiation of reactive from malignant mesothelium as a diagnostic aid in canine pericardial disease
Authors: Milne E. , Martinez Pereira Y. , Muir C. , Scase T. , Shaw D. J. , McGregor G. , Oldroyd L. , Scurrell E. , Martin M. , Devine C. , Hodgkiss‐Geere H. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesTo develop a provisional immunohistochemistry panel for distinguishing reactive pericardium, atypical mesothelial proliferation and mesothelioma in dogs.Materials and MethodsArchived pericardial biopsies were subject to haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin, vimentin, insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3, glucose transporter 1 and desmin. Samples were scored for intensity and number of cells stained.ResultsTen biopsies of reactive mesothelium, 17 of atypical mesothelial proliferation, 26 of mesothelioma and five of normal pericardium were identified on the basis of haematoxylin and eosin staining. Cytokeratin and vimentin were expressed in all biopsies, confirming mesothelial origin. Normal pericardial samples had the lowest scores for insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3, glucose transporter 1 and desmin. Mesothelioma and atypical proliferative samples were similar to each other, with higher scores for insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3 and glucose transporter 1 than the reactive samples. Desmin staining was variable. Insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3 was the best to distinguish between disease groups.Clinical SignificanceAn immunohistochemistry panel of cytokeratin, vimentin, insulin‐like growth factor II mRNA‐binding protein 3 and glucose transporter 1 could provide superior information compared with haematoxylin and eosin staining alone in the diagnosis of cases of mesothelial proliferation in canine pericardium, but further validation is warranted.
Prevalence of proteinuria in a canine oncology population
Authors: Prudic R. A. , Saba C. F. , Lourenço B. N. , Bugbee A. C. 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the point prevalence of proteinuria in dogs presenting to the University of Georgia Oncology Service for the first time.Materials and MethodsIn this prospective study, 60 client‐owned dogs with a confirmed cancer diagnosis were included but those with lower urinary tract neoplasia were excluded. Each dog's signalment, cancer diagnosis, previous cancer treatments, current medications and travel history were recorded. Renal values, electrolytes, packed cell volume, total solids, systolic blood pressure, urinalysis, urine protein:urine creatinine and retinal examinations were recorded. Non‐proteinuric, borderline proteinuria and overt proteinuria were defined as urine protein:urine creatinine <0·2, ≥0·2 but <0·5, and ≥0·5, respectively. Urine culture was performed in dogs with active urine sediments or overt proteinuria.ResultsTwenty‐nine dogs were non‐proteinuric (48·3%), 22 (36·7%) borderline proteinuric and nine (15%) overtly proteinuric. None were azotaemic. Hypertension (systolic blood pressure ≥160 mmHg) was detected in 18 (30%) dogs. Of these, six were non‐proteinuric, nine borderline proteinuric, and three overtly proteinuric. Proteinuria was detected in 51% of dogs presented to our oncology service, the majority of which were classified as borderline.Clinical SignificanceThe high proportion of proteinuria in dogs in this study suggests that screening for proteinuria in dogs with cancer may be prudent. Larger studies are required to correlate specific cancer types and the impact of treatment with the development, magnitude and persistence of proteinuria.