bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial variation in leaf nutrient traits of dominant desert riparian plant species in an arid inland river basin of China
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Zhou Jihua , Guan Tianyu , Cai Wentao , Jiang Lianhe , Lai Liming , Gao Nannan , Zheng Yuanrun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractUnderstanding how patterns of leaf nutrient traits respond to groundwater depth is crucial for modeling the nutrient cycling of desert riparian ecosystems and forecasting the responses of ecosystems to global changes. In this study, we measured leaf nutrients along a transect across a groundwater depth gradient in the downstream Heihe River to explore the response of leaf nutrient traits to groundwater depth and soil properties. We found that leaf nutrient traits of dominant species showed different responses to groundwater depth gradient. Leaf C, leaf N, leaf P, and leaf K decreased significantly with groundwater depth, whereas patterns of leaf C/N and leaf N/P followed quadratic relationships with groundwater depth. Meanwhile, leaf C/P did not vary significantly along the groundwater depth gradient. Variations in leaf nutrient traits were associated with soil properties (e.g., soil bulk density, soil pH). Groundwater depth and soil pH jointly regulated the variation of leaf nutrient traits; however, groundwater depth explained the variation of leaf nutrient traits better than did soil pH. At the local scale in the typical desert riparian ecosystem, the dominant species was characterized by low leaf C, leaf N, and leaf P, but high leaf N/P and leaf C/P, indicating that desert riparian plants might be more limited by P than N in the growing season. Our observations will help to reveal specific adaptation patterns in relation to the groundwater depth gradient for dominant desert riparian species, provide insights into adaptive trends of leaf nutrient traits, and add information relevant to understanding the adaptive strategies of desert riparian forest vegetation to moisture gradients.
Touch fault calculation method on transmission lines stringing on the same tower based on symmetrical coordinate method
Authors: Tanaka Kazuyuki , Yamato Naoki , Kanao Norikazu , Aida Shunsuke 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a touch fault calculation method is proposed based on the symmetric coordinate method. The touch fault in this paper means that a line‐to‐line short circuit fault occurred on parallel transmission lines stringing on a same tower. It is known that the touch fault occurs very rarely such as the galloping phenomena, and it causes an abnormal voltage rise especially on a low‐voltage transmission line. However, a quantitative analysis method of the abnormal voltage has not been proposed. Therefore, a general analysis method of the voltage profile solution for the touch fault is proposed based on the symmetrical coordinate method. The proposed method is able to calculate the precise voltage and current profile solution efficiently by introducing the similar formation for the touch fault solution same as the general fault solution. Demonstrative result to the application in the touch fault calculation is presented in order to verify the practicability of the proposed method.
On‐line sample preconcentration by polarity switching in floating electrode‐integrated microchannel
Authors: Kitagawa Fumihiko , Tanigawa‐Joh Kana , Terashita Satomi , Fujiki Ryohei , Nukatsuka Isoshi , Sueyoshi Kenji , Otsuka Koji 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn this study, we found that the polarity switching was effective to enrich and separate fluorescent analytes which have weakly‐dissociated groups in a floating platinum electrode (width, 50 µm; thickness, 2.5 µm)‐integrated straight‐channel in microchip electrophoresis (MCE). In the straight channel filled with an Alexa Flour 488 (AF488) solution, a sharp peak was observed after the polarity inversion with a 530‐fold enhancement of the sensitivity relative to the conventional MCE analysis. By using a fluorescent pH indicator, we verified that a sharp high‐pH zone was generated nearby the floating electrode and moved toward the anode with maintaining the high pH, which induced the sample enrichment like a dynamic pH junction mechanism. In the floating electrode‐embedded channel, the mixture of AF488‐labeled proteins was also well concentrated and separated within 100 s.
Flexible and Mechanically Durable Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on NiCo‐Layered Double Hydroxide and Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Using a Simple Fabrication Method
Authors: Mehrabimatin Bahareh , Gilshteyn Evgenia P. , Melandsø Buan Marthe Emelie , Sorsa Olli , Jiang Hua , Iraji zad Azam , Shahrokhian Saeed , Nasibulin Albert G. , Kallio Tanja 
Published: January 2019

A high‐performing, lightweight, and flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) using NiCo‐layered double hydroxide (NiCo LDH) supported on 3D nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) as a positive electrode and NG as a negative electrode is demonstrated. Highly conductive NG provides fast electron transfer and facilitates (dis)charging of NiCo LDH deposited on it. The composite electrode of NiCo LDH@NG exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1421 F g−1 at 2 A g−1. Moreover, the as‐obtained hybrid electrode shows an excellent rate capability with a specific capacitance of 1397 F g−1 at a high current density of 10 A g−1, which is about 98% of the capacitance obtained at 2 A g−1. The flexible ASC device shows a specific capacitance of 109 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and a maximum energy density of 49 W h kg−1, which is comparable with or superior to previously reported electrodes based on nickel‐cobalt hydroxides. Furthermore, an excellent mechanical stability is obtained. Under repeated mechanical bendings, the ASC demonstrates high bending stability up to 450 bending cycles at a 90° angle. Hence, this flexible NiCo LDH@NG electrode that is free of binders and conductive agents shows superior performance and stability, and is a promising candidate for the future wearable energy storage devices.
Deciphering controls for debris‐flow erosion derived from a LiDAR‐recorded extreme event and a calibrated numerical model (Roßbichelbach, Germany)
Authors: Dietrich Andreas , Krautblatter Michael 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDebris flows are among the most destructive and hazardous mass movements on steep mountains. An understanding of debris‐flow erosion, entrainment and resulting volumes is a key requirement for modelling debris‐flow propagation and impact, as well as analysing the associated risks. As quantitative controls of erosion and entrainment are not well understood, total volume, runout and impact energies of debris flows are often significantly underestimated. Here, we present an analysis of geomorphic change induced by an erosive debris‐flow event in the German Alps in June 2015. More than 50 terrestrial laser scans of a 1.2 km long mountain torrent recorded geomorphic change in comparison to an airborne laser scan performed in 2007. Errors were calculated using a spatial variable threshold based on the point density of airborne laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning and the slope of the digital elevation models. Highest erosion rates approach 5.0 m3/m2 (mean 0.6 m3/m2). During the event 9550 ± 1550 m3 was eroded whereas only 650 ± 150 m3 was deposited in the channel. Velocity, flow pressure, momentum and shear stress were calculated using a carefully calibrated RAMMS Debris Flow model including material entrainment. Here we present a linear regression model relating debris‐flow erosion rates to momentum and shear stress with an R2 up to 68%. Channel transitions from bedrock to loose debris sections cause excessive erosion up to 1 m3/m2 due to previously unreleased random kinetic energy now available for erosion. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maintenance of high proteolipid protein level in adult central nervous system myelin is required to preserve the integrity of myelin and axons
Authors: Lüders Katja A. , Nessler Stefan , Kusch Kathrin , Patzig Julia , Jung Ramona B. , Möbius Wiebke , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Werner Hauke B. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractProteolipid protein (PLP) is the most abundant integral membrane protein in central nervous system (CNS) myelin. Expression of the Plp‐gene in oligodendrocytes is not essential for the biosynthesis of myelin membranes but required to prevent axonal pathology. This raises the question whether the exceptionally high level of PLP in myelin is required later in life, or whether high‐level PLP expression becomes dispensable once myelin has been assembled. Both models require a better understanding of the turnover of PLP in myelin in vivo. Thus, we generated and characterized a novel line of tamoxifen‐inducible Plp‐mutant mice that allowed us to determine the rate of PLP turnover after developmental myelination has been completed, and to assess the possible impact of gradually decreasing amounts of PLP for myelin and axonal integrity. We found that 6 months after targeting the Plp‐gene the abundance of PLP in CNS myelin was about halved, probably reflecting that myelin is slowly turned over in the adult brain. Importantly, this reduction by 50% was sufficient to cause the entire spectrum of neuropathological changes previously associated with the developmental lack of PLP, including myelin outfoldings, lamellae splittings, and axonal spheroids. In comparison to axonopathy and gliosis, the infiltration of cytotoxic T‐cells was temporally delayed, suggesting a corresponding chronology also in the genetic disorders of PLP‐deficiency. High‐level abundance of PLP in myelin throughout adult life emerges as a requirement for the preservation of white matter integrity.
Spatially distributed denitrification in a karst springshed
Authors: Henson Wesley R. , Cohen Matthew J. , Graham Wendy D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractKarst spring measurements assess biogeochemical processes occurring within groundwater contributing areas to springs (springsheds) but can only provide aggregated information. To better understand spatially distributed processes that comprise these aggregated measures, we investigated aquifer denitrification evidence in groundwater wells (n = 16) distributed throughout a springshed in the Upper Floridan aquifer in northern Florida. Aquifer geochemistry, nitrate isotopes, and dissolved gases were compared against similar measurements at the spring outlet to evaluate spatial heterogeneity of denitrification evidence in relation to land surface–aquifer connectivity. Sample locations spanned spatial variation in recharge processes (i.e., diffuse vs. focused recharge) and proximity to sources of denitrification reactants (e.g., wetlands). Although no distinct spatial pattern in denitrification was uncovered, excess dissolved N2 gas measurements were only above detection in the unconfined springshed, with some evidence of a wetland proximity effect. Measured oxidation–reduction potential and dissolved oxygen poorly predicted denitrification, indicating that measured denitrification may be occurring upgradient from sampled wells. Despite dramatic spatial chemical heterogeneity across wells, mean values for recharge nitrate concentrations (0.02 to 5.56 mg N L−1) and excess N2 from aquifer denitrification (below detection to 1.37 mg N L−1) corresponded reasonably with mean spring outlet measurements for initial nitrate (0.78 to 1.36 mg N L−1) and excess N2 (0.15 to 1.04 mg N L−1). Congruence between groundwater and spring measurements indicates that combining sampling at the spring outlet and across the springshed is useful for understanding spatial aquifer denitrification. However, this approach would be improved with a high‐density sampling network with transects of wells along distinct groundwater flow paths.
Bank competition, stability, and intervention quality
Authors: Kanas Angelos , Hassan Al‐Tamimi Hussein A. , Albaity Mohamed , Mallek Ray Saadaoui 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe use a flexible semi‐parametric estimation approach and a sample of 7,227 U.S., U.K., and Canadian banks for 2009–2015 to provide evidence that banking stability is non‐linearly determined by competition. We show that stability is not monotonic against competition, and may increase and decrease at high competition, has a mixed behaviour at medium competition, and increases at low competition. This non‐monotonic stability behaviour at different competition levels is attributed to the intervention quality, which is found to be an important determinant of the competition–stability relation. It is non‐linearly related to and being revised at different competition levels. As intervention is a policy variable, its level can be adjusted to reduce the competition effects on stability. We illustrate that for the U.S. banking sector, the intervention quality has to hedge these competition effects. Regulators should treat intervention quality as a “hedging instrument” against the destabilizing competition effects.
Aucubin inhibits IL‐1β‐ or TNF‐α‐induced extracellular matrix degradation in nucleus pulposus cell through blocking the miR‐140‐5p/CREB1 axis
Authors: Yang Shaofeng , Li Linghui , Zhu Liguo , Zhang Chao , Li Zhaoyong , Guo Yantao , Nie Ying , Luo Zhenhua 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD), increased proinflammatory molecules secreted by human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs) could promote the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐degrading enzymes. IDD could be affected by both genetic and environmental factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs). Aucubin, the active ingredient of a traditional Chinese medicine herb Du Zhong, has been reported to promote osteogenic differentiation; however, the role of aucubin in IDD and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. Herein, we evaluated the effect of aucubin on TNF‐α‐ or IL‐1β‐induced ECM degradation in HNPCs. By using online tools, miR‐140 was selected as a candidate miRNA that is related to TNF‐α or IL‐1β signaling. Overexpression of miR‐140 enhanced the effect of aucubin on ECM degradation. Moreover, cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1), a major transcriptional factor in immune‐related signaling, was a direct downstream target of miR‐140. CREB1 knockdown mimicked the function of miR‐140 overexpression on ECM degradation. In summary, aucubin might ameliorate IL‐1β‐ or TNF‐α‐induced ECM degradation in HNPCs through regulating miR‐140/CREB1.
Adipose‐derived stem cells decreased microglia activation and protected dopaminergic loss in rat lipopolysaccharide model
Authors: Muñoz Mario F. , Argüelles Sandro , Medina Rafael , Cano Mercedes , Ayala Antonio 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAdult stem cell therapy is being used extensively to rejuvenate damaged tissue. One important tissue source to obtain these cells is adipose, which contains cells called adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs). These cells have a great therapeutic potential not only for their multipotent properties as well as for immunomodulatory effects on the immune system. Parkinson's disease is characterized as neurodegenerative disorder which etiology is undoubtedly related to neuroinflammation process. The properties of ADSCs can be used as a new tool in stem cells therapy to treat neurodegenerative disorders. However, their efficacies are still controversial. Some authors have reported neuroprotection effects, while others did not find differences or stem cells increased the damage. Our previous study showed that ADSCs can survive long time after transplantation, suggesting us some biological effects could need more time to be repaired. In this study, we assessed the neuroprotection 6 months after transplantation. Our results suggest ADSCs can protect the dopaminergic loss after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection both reducing the microglia activation and differentiating into dopaminergic cells.
Tumor‐derived exosomes: Potential biomarkers and therapeutic target in the treatment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Mousavi Sousan , Moallem Roya , Hassanian Seyed Mahdi , Sadeghzade Mahsa , Mardani Ramin , Ferns Gordon A. , Khazaei Majid , Avan Amir 
Published: January 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer‐related death in men and women in many countries. Early detection of CRC helps to prevent the advanced stages of the disease, and may thereby improve the survival of these patients. A noninvasive test with high specificity and sensitivity is required for this. Exosomes are lipid bilayer membrane nanovesicles that are released into most body fluids and especially in the microenvironment of cancer. They carry various proteins, lipids, and nucleic materials such as DNA, RNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), and microRNA (miRNA), and may also alter the function of target cells. In this review, we aimed to describe the biogenesis, composition, function, and the role of tumor‐derived exosomes in cancer progression. Moreover, their applications in tumor diagnosis and treatment are described, with a particular focus on CRC.
High serum free fatty acids and low leptin levels: Plausible metabolic indicators of negative energy balance in early lactating Murrah buffaloes
Authors: Golla Naresh , Chopra Alka , Boya Sanjanna , Kumar Thota Venkata Chaitanya , Onteru Suneel Kumar , Singh Dheer 
Published: January 2019

AbstractLactation is a highly demanding event in mammals, including buffaloes. It modulates the partitioning of nutrients, energy utilization, and food intake of the mother to meet her own and infant's energy needs. Failure to satisfy these energy needs leads to Negative Energy Balance (NEB). Currently, the only available indirect NEB indicator is Body Condition Score (BCS). However, direct dependency of the BCS on the peak depletion of body fat causes its inefficient use in a dairy farm. Thus, to establish objective NEB indicators in buffaloes, the serum levels of biochemical (serum β‐hydroxybutyrate [BHBA] and free fatty acids [FFAs]), and endocrine (Growth Hormone [GH], insulin‐like growth factor1 [IGF1], Insulin, and leptin) parameters were estimated in buffaloes. Our results revealed that serum FFA levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in high milk yielders (HMY) than low milk yielders (LMY) and heifers (H) during the 3rd and the 4th weeks of postpartum. The serum FFA levels were also significantly (p < 0.001) higher in the postpartum buffaloes with BCS < 3 in the field conditions. Further, serum leptin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in HMY than LMY during the 3rd week of postpartum. However, the BHBA, GH, IGF1, and insulin levels were not significantly different between lactating buffaloes and H. These observations indicated that the NEB condition is probably restricted to the first month of early lactation in buffaloes. In conclusion, the simultaneous higher FFA and lower leptin levels could act as direct plausible metabolic indicators of NEB in buffaloes.
Trpm2 enhances physiological bioenergetics and protects against pathological oxidative cardiac injury: Role of Pyk2 phosphorylation
Authors: Miller Barbara A. , Wang JuFang , Song Jianliang , Zhang Xue‐Qian , Hirschler‐Laszkiewicz Iwona , Shanmughapriya Santhanam , Tomar Dhanendra , Rajan Sudasan , Feldman Arthur M. , Madesh Muniswamy , Sheu Shey‐Shing , Cheung Joseph Y. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe mechanisms by which Trpm2 channels enhance mitochondrial bioenergetics and protect against oxidative stress‐induced cardiac injury remain unclear. Here, the role of proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) in Trpm2 signaling is explored. Activation of Trpm2 in adult myocytes with H2O2 resulted in 10‐ to 21‐fold increases in Pyk2 phosphorylation in wild‐type (WT) myocytes which was significantly lower (~40%) in Trpm2 knockout (KO) myocytes. Pyk2 phosphorylation was inhibited (~54%) by the Trpm2 blocker clotrimazole. Buffering Trpm2‐mediated Ca2+ increase with 1,2‐bis(2‐aminophenoxy)ethane‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid (BAPTA) resulted in significantly reduced pPyk2 in WT but not in KO myocytes, indicating Ca2+ influx through activated Trpm2 channels phosphorylated Pyk2. Part of phosphorylated Pyk2 translocated from cytosol to mitochondria which has been previously shown to augment mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and enhance adenosine triphosphate generation. Although Trpm2‐mediated Ca2+ influx phosphorylated Ca2+‐calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII), the CaMKII inhibitor KN93 did not significantly affect Pyk2 phosphorylation in H2O2‐treated WT myocytes. After ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), Pyk2 phosphorylation and its downstream prosurvival signaling molecules (pERK1/2 and pAkt) were significantly lower in KO‐I/R when compared with WT‐I/R hearts. After hypoxia/reoxygenation, mitochondrial membrane potential was lower and superoxide level was higher in KO myocytes, and were restored to WT values by the mitochondria‐targeted superoxide scavenger MitoTempo. Our results suggested that Ca2+ influx via tonically activated Trpm2 phosphorylated Pyk2, part of which translocated to mitochondria, resulting in better mitochondrial bioenergetics to maintain cardiac health. After I/R, Pyk2 activated prosurvival signaling molecules and prevented excessive increases in reactive oxygen species, thereby affording protection from I/R injury.
Targeted rapid knee MRI exam using T2 shuffling
Authors: Tamir Jonathan I. , Taviani Valentina , Alley Marcus T. , Perkins Becki C. , Hart Lori , O'Brien Kendall , Wishah Fidaa , Sandberg Jesse K , Anderson Michael J. , Turek Javier S. , Willke Theodore L. , Lustig Michael , Vasanawala Shreyas S. 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundMRI is commonly used to evaluate pediatric musculoskeletal pathologies, but same‐day/near‐term scheduling and short exams remain challenges.PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of a targeted rapid pediatric knee MRI exam, with the goal of reducing cost and enabling same‐day MRI access.Study TypeA cost effectiveness study done prospectively.SubjectsForty‐seven pediatric patients.Field Strength/Sequence3T. The 10‐minute protocol was based on T2 Shuffling, a four‐dimensional acquisition and reconstruction of images with variable T2 contrast, and a T1 2D fast spin‐echo (FSE) sequence. A distributed, compressed sensing‐based reconstruction was implemented on a four‐node high‐performance compute cluster and integrated into the clinical workflow.AssessmentIn an Institutional Review Board‐approved study with informed consent/assent, we implemented a targeted pediatric knee MRI exam for assessing pediatric knee pain. Pediatric patients were subselected for the exam based on insurance plan and clinical indication. Over a 2‐year period, 47 subjects were recruited for the study and 49 MRIs were ordered. Date and time information was recorded for MRI referral, registration, and completion. Image quality was assessed from 0 (nondiagnostic) to 5 (outstanding) by two readers, and consensus was subsequently reached.Statistical TestsA Wilcoxon rank‐sum test assessed the null hypothesis that the targeted exam times compared with conventional knee exam times were unchanged.ResultsOf the 49 cases, 20 were completed on the same day as exam referral. Median time from registration to exam completion was 18.7 minutes. Median reconstruction time for T2 Shuffling was reduced from 18.9 minutes to 95 seconds using the distributed implementation. Technical fees charged for the targeted exam were one‐third that of the routine clinical knee exam. No subject had to return for additional imaging.Data ConclusionThe targeted knee MRI exam is feasible and reduces the imaging time, cost, and barrier to same‐day MRI access for pediatric patients.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 6J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019.