bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metformin prescription and aortic aneurysm: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yu Xinyu , Jiang Dingsheng , Wang Jing , Wang Rui , Chen Taiqiang , Wang Kan , Durgahee Mouniir Sha Ahmad , Wei Xiang , Cao Shiyi 
Published: April 2019

ObjectiveTo assess the association of metformin prescription with the risk of aortic aneurysm, aortic aneurysm events and the enlargement of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase and Scopus for epidemiological studies up to November 2018. We included observational studies which evaluated the association of metformin prescription with the risk of aortic aneurysm disease, and we also included studies involving progression and enlargement of AAA. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies. Random-effect meta-analyses were conducted in line with the between-study heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity.ResultsEight studies enrolling 29 587 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. We found that metformin prescription could significantly limit the enlargement of aortic aneurysm (weighted mean difference: −0.83 mm/year, 95% CI −1.38 to −0.28, I2=89.6%) among patients with AAA. Metformin prescription status may be associated with a decreased risk of aortic aneurysm and aortic aneurysm events.ConclusionsAccording to the available epidemiological evidence, metformin prescription could limit the expansion of AAA among patients with this disease, and may be involved with a lower incidence of aortic aneurysm and aortic aneurysm events. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm whether metformin could reduce the enlargement of AAA in patients with or without diabetes.
Increased risk of sleep apnoea among primary headache disorders: a nationwide population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Yin Jiu-Haw , Chen Shao-Yuan , Lin Chun-Chieh , Sung Yueh-Feng , Chou Chung-Hsing , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Chien Wu-Chien , Yang Fu-Chi , Tsai Chia-Kuang , Tsai Chia-Lin , Lin Guan-Yu , Lee Jiunn-Tay 
Published: April 2019

AbstractBackgroundPrimary headache disorders (PHDs) are associated with sleep problems. It is suggested that headache and sleep disorder share anatomical and physiological characteristics. We hypothesised that patients with PHDs were exposed to a great risk for developing sleep apnoea (SA).MethodsIn this retrospective longitudinal study, the data obtained from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database in Taiwan were analysed. The study included 1346 patients with PHDs who were initially diagnosed and 5348 patients who were randomly selected and age/sex matched with the study group as controls. PHDs, SA, comorbidities and other confounding factors were defined based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Cox proportional hazards regressions were employed to examine adjusted HRs after adjusting with confounding factors.ResultsOur data revealed that patients with PHDs had a higher risk (HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.259 to 3.739, p&lt;0.05) to develop SA compared with matched cohorts, whereas patients with migraine exhibited a high risk (HR 2.553, 95% CI 1.460 to 4.395, p&lt;0.01). The results showed that patients with PHDs aged 18–44 exhibited highest risk of developing SA. In addition, males with PHDs exhibited an HR 3.159 (95% CI 1.479 to 6.749, p&lt;0.01) for developing SA, respectively. The impact of PHDs on SA risk was progressively increased by various follow-up time intervals.ConclusionOur results suggest that PHDs are linked to an increased risk for SA with sex-dependent and time-dependent characteristics.
Spin structure and optical properties of cobalt octaethylporphyrin
Authors: Chub Dmitriy S. , Farberovich Oleg V. , Soldatov Alexander V. 
Published: April 2019

In this study, we have developed and used the advanced high-precision numerical techniques to accurately calculate the optical properties and spin structure, and access the details of spin dynamics of the cobalt octaethylporphyrin (CoOEP) in the THz pulse magnetic field. The optical spectra of CoOEP are calculated using first-principles based on the GW approximation. The optical properties, including complex dielectric function, optical reflectivity, extinction coefficient, refractive index and absorption coefficient up to 10 eV, together with the calculated spin structure are considered. The spin structure of CoOEP is described by means of the density of spin transitions within the terahertz range. The study covers both terahertz and visible ranges. On the basis of the obtained optical theoretical spectra and the spin structure of CoOEP, it can be concluded that the applied complex approach provides a detailed and accurate description of the optical properties of cobalt octaethylporphyrin within the whole range of energies.
Archean granitoids: classification, petrology, geochemistry and origin
Authors: Moyen Jean-François 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper describes the petrology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of Archean granitoids. Archean granites define a continuum of compositions between several end members: (i) magmas that originated by partial melting of a range of crustal sources, from amphibolites to metasediments (‘C-type’ granitoids); and (ii) magmas that formed by partial melting of an enriched mantle source, the most common agent of enrichment being felsic (TTG) melts. Differences in the degree of metasomatism results in different primitive liquids for these ‘M-type’ granitoids.
Mixed sources, differentiation and interactions between different melts resulted in a continuous range of compositions, defined by variable proportions of each end member.
During the Archean, evolved crustal sources (sediments or felsic crust) and metasomatized mantle sources become increasingly more important, mirroring the progressive maturation of crustal segments and the stabilization of the global tectonic system.
Exosomal miRNA Cargo as Mediator of Immune Escape Mechanisms in Neuroblastoma
Authors: Schmittgen Thomas D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Both natural killer (NK) cells and exosomes released from these cells induce tumor cell cytotoxicity by way of the cell killing proteins perforin and granzyme. TGFβ1 protein in the tumor microenvironment generates an immune escape mechanism rendering NK cells inactive. The tumor-suppressive miR-186 that is downregulated in neuroblastoma and in TGFβ-treated NK cells represses oncogenic proteins in neuroblastoma (MYCN and AURKA) and components of the TGFβ pathway. Restoration of miR-186 levels in neuroblastoma through NK cell–derived exosomes or by nanoparticle delivery reduces tumor burden, promotes survival, and restores the cell-killing abilities of NK cells, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of tumor-suppressive miRNAs in neuroblastoma.
See related article by Neviani and colleagues; Cancer Res 79(6):1151–64
Several Faces of Glutaminase Regulation in Cells
Authors: Mafra Ana C.P. , Dias Sandra M.G. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The cancer target glutaminase (GLS) has proven to be a fascinating protein. Since it was first described to be regulated by the oncogene Myc 10 years ago, several other transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational regulatory mechanisms have emerged, and the list is growing. A recent study by Deng and colleagues revealed that an antisense (AS) long noncoding RNA named GLS-AS, which is negatively regulated by Myc, downregulates GLS in pancreatic cancer. The Myc/GLS-AS/GLS regulatory axis is activated by nutrient stress, which is important for the often hypovascular pancreatic cancer, displaying the significance of GLS for the progression of this highly lethal type of cancer.
See related article by Deng et al., p. 1398
Wishing on a CAR: Understanding the Scope of Intrinsic T-cell Deficits in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Leick Mark , Maus Marcela V. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Summary:
Treatment with chimeric antigen receptor T cells has led to impressive and durable responses in adult and pediatric malignancies refractory to conventional therapy; however, only patients with a handful of cancers have responded thus far and significant disparities exist between the response rates of pediatric and adult patients. A new extensive analysis of pediatric patient T-cell subsets at diagnosis and throughout the patients' chemotherapy courses in a variety of solid and hematologic malignancies sheds new light on the intrinsic T-cell deficits that may be partly to blame.
See related article by Das et al., p. 492.
Catheter Ablation of Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation Storm After Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Komatsu Yuki , Hocini Mélèze , Nogami Akihiko , Maury Philippe , Peichl Petr , Iwasaki Yu-ki , Masuda Keita , Denis Arnaud , Voglimacci-Stephanopoli Quentin , Wichterle Dan , Kawamura Mitsuharu , Fukamizu Seiji , Yokoyama Yasuhiro , Mukai Yasushi , Harada Tomoo , Yoshida Kentaro , Yasuoka Ryobun , Igawa Masayuki , Ohira Koji , Shimizu Wataru , Aonuma Kazutaka , Kautzner Josef , Haïssaguerre Michel , Ieda Masaki 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) storm after myocardial infarction (MI) is a life-threatening condition that necessitates multiple defibrillations. Catheter ablation is a potentially effective treatment strategy for VF storm refractory to optimal medical treatment. However, its impact on patient survival has not been verified in a large population.

Methods:
We conducted a multicenter, retrospective observational study involving consecutive patients who underwent catheter ablation of post-MI refractory VF storm without preceding monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. The target of ablation was the Purkinje-related ventricular extrasystoles triggering VF. The primary outcome was in-hospital and long-term mortalities. Univariate logistic regression and Cox proportional-hazards analysis were used to evaluate clinical characteristics associated with in-hospital and long-term mortalities, respectively.

Results:

One hundred ten patients were enrolled (age, 65±11years; 92 men; left ventricular ejection fraction, 31±10%). VF storm occurred at the acute phase of MI (4.5±2.5 days after the onset of MI during the index hospitalization for MI) in 43 patients (39%), the subacute phase (>1 week) in 48 (44%), and the remote phase (>6 months) in 19 (17%). The focal triggers were found to originate from the scar border zone in 88 patients (80%). During in-hospital stay after ablation, VF storm subsided in 92 patients (84%). Overall, 30 (27%) in-hospital deaths occurred. The duration from the VF occurrence to the ablation procedure was associated with in-hospital mortality (odds ratio for each 1-day increase, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.03–1.20];
P
=0.008). During follow-up after discharge from hospital, only 1 patient developed recurrent VF storm. However, 29 patients (36%) died, with a median survival time of 2.2 years (interquartile range, 1.2–5.5 years). Long-term mortality was associated with left ventricular ejection fraction <30% (hazard ratio, 2.54 [95% CI, 1.21–5.32];
P
=0.014), New York Heart Association class ≥III (hazard ratio, 2.68 [95% CI, 1.16–6.19];
P
=0.021), a history of atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio, 3.89 [95% CI, 1.42–10.67];
P
=0.008), and chronic kidney disease (hazard ratio, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.15–6.49];
P
=0.023).

Conclusions:
In patients with MI presenting with focally triggered VF storm, catheter ablation of culprit triggers is lifesaving and appears to be associated with short- and long-term freedom from recurrent VF storm. Mortality over the long-term follow-up is associated with the severity of underlying cardiovascular disease and comorbidities in this specific patient population.
Survival in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest After Standard Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation or Chest Compressions Only Before Arrival of Emergency Medical Services
Authors: Riva Gabriel , Ringh Mattias , Jonsson Martin , Svensson Leif , Herlitz Johan , Claesson Andreas , Djärv Therese , Nordberg Per , Forsberg Sune , Rubertsson Sten , Nord Anette , Rosenqvist Mårten , Hollenberg Jacob 
Published: April 2019

Background:
In out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, chest compression–only cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CO-CPR) has emerged as an alternative to standard CPR (S-CPR), using both chest compressions and rescue breaths. Since 2010, CPR guidelines recommend CO-CPR for both untrained bystanders and trained bystanders unwilling to perform rescue breaths. The aim of this study was to describe changes in the rate and type of CPR performed before the arrival of emergency medical services (EMS) during 3 consecutive guideline periods in correlation to 30-day survival.

Methods:
All bystander-witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrests reported to the Swedish register for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 2000 to 2017 were included. Nonwitnessed, EMS-witnessed, and rescue breath–only CPR cases were excluded. Patients were categorized as receivers of no CPR (NO-CPR), S-CPR, or CO-CPR before EMS arrival. Guideline periods 2000 to 2005, 2006 to 2010, and 2011 to 2017 were used for comparisons over time. The primary outcome was 30-day survival.

Results:
A total of 30 445 patients were included. The proportions of patients receiving CPR before EMS arrival changed from 40.8% in the first time period to 58.8% in the second period, and to 68.2% in the last period. S-CPR changed from 35.4% to 44.8% to 38.1%, and CO-CPR changed from 5.4% to 14.0% to 30.1%, respectively. Thirty-day survival changed from 3.9% to 6.0% to 7.1% in the NO-CPR group, from 9.4% to 12.5% to 16.2% in the S-CPR group, and from 8.0% to 11.5% to 14.3% in the CO-CPR group. For all time periods combined, the adjusted odds ratio for 30-day survival was 2.6 (95% CI, 2.4–2.9) for S-CPR and 2.0 (95% CI, 1.8–2.3) for CO-CPR, in comparison with NO-CPR. S-CPR was superior to CO-CPR (adjusted odds ratio, 1.2; 95% CI, 1.1–1.4).

Conclusions:
In this nationwide study of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during 3 periods of different CPR guidelines, there was an almost a 2-fold higher rate of CPR before EMS arrival and a concomitant 6-fold higher rate of CO-CPR over time. Any type of CPR was associated with doubled survival rates in comparison with NO-CPR. These findings support continuous endorsement of CO-CPR as an option in future CPR guidelines because it is associated with higher CPR rates and overall survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Surgical Decision Making in Brain Hemorrhage
Authors: Gregson Barbara A. , Mitchell Patrick , Mendelow A. David 
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—
The STICH (Surgical Trial in Lobar Intracerebral Haemorrhage) I and II trials randomized patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) to early surgery or initial conservative treatment. Both were nonsignificant; possibly because surgery has minimal effect on recovery, or because surgery benefits some and harms others. We introduce a new nonparametric method of analysis. The method is then applied to data from a third trial, STITCH(Trauma) (Surgical Trial in Traumatic Intracerebral Haemorrhage), which addressed a similar surgical question in head-injured patients.

Methods—
Data from 1541 patients from the STICH trials were analyzed using (1) standard meta-analysis of prognosis-based dichotomized outcome and prespecified standard subgroups of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS): 3–8, 9–12, and 13–15; (2) new nonparametric regression of ranked Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale against ranked GCS and ranked volume; and (3) analysis (1) repeated using categories identified by analysis (2).

Results—

Standard meta-analysis showed more favorable outcomes, although nonsignificant, with surgery if presenting GCS was 9–12 (spontaneous ICH odds ratio, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.48–1.03;
P
=0.07]; traumatic odds ratio, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.18–1.26;
P
=0.14]). Ranked analysis showed a similar pattern of results for both spontaneous and traumatic ICH. Surgery was harmful for small lesions with increasing benefit for larger volumes. With GCS, surgery had little effect at either ends of the spectrum but suggested a beneficial effect in the range 10 to 13 (identified graphically). Repeating the meta-analysis with this categorization showed significant benefit for surgery (spontaneous odds ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.51–1.00;
P
=0.05]; traumatic odds ratio, 0.16 [95% CI, 0.05–0.51;
P
=0.002]).

Conclusions—
The nonsignificant results observed in the STICH trials are because of mixing patients who benefit from surgery with those who are harmed. Patients with a GCS 10–13 or a large ICH are likely to benefit from surgery. Our analysis showed a similar effect on traumatic ICH/contusion data and promises to be a valuable tool.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.isrctn.com/
. Unique identifiers: ISRCTN19976990 (STITCH), ISRCTN22153967 (STICH II), and ISRCTN19321911 (STITCH[Trauma]).
Description of two new species of bathyal Primnoidae (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea) from the Porcupine Bank (northeastern Atlantic)
Authors: ALTUNA ÁLVARO , LÓPEZ-GONZÁLEZ PABLO J. 
Published: April 2019

Two new species of bathyal Primnoidae gorgonians (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea), Callogorgia europaea sp. nov., and Thouarella porcupinensis sp. nov., were collected during a research expedition of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography to the Porcupine Bank (off Ireland, northeastern Atlantic). In the present paper, both species are described, compared with their closest congeners, and their polyps and scleromes illustrated by scanning electron microphotographs. Callogorgia europaea sp. nov. is the first species of the genus described from the northeastern Atlantic having abaxial scales with an external ornamentation of prominent longitudinal crests. Thouarella porcupinensis sp. nov. is the first one in the same area characterized by a planar ramification with isolated polyps, and marginal scales having several perpendicular ridges in their distal inner side instead of a pointed edge.
Using Deep Learning to Estimate Tropical Cyclone Intensity from Satellite Passive Microwave Imagery
Authors: Wimmers Anthony , Velden Christopher , Cossuth Joshua H. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA deep learning convolutional neural network model is used to explore the possibilities of estimating tropical cyclone (TC) intensity from satellite images in the 37- and 85–92-GHz bands. The model, called “DeepMicroNet,” has unique properties such as a probabilistic output, the ability to operate from partial scans, and resiliency to imprecise TC center fixes. The 85–92-GHz band is the more influential data source in the model, with 37 GHz adding a marginal benefit. Training the model on global best track intensities produces model estimates precise enough to replicate known best track intensity biases when compared to aircraft reconnaissance observations. Model root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 14.3 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.5144 m s−1) compared to two years of independent best track records, but this improves to an RMSE of 10.6 kt when compared to the higher-standard aircraft reconnaissance-aided best track dataset, and to 9.6 kt compared to the reconnaissance-aided best track when using the higher-resolution TRMM TMI andAquaAMSR-E microwave observations only. A shortage of training and independent testing data for category 5 TCs leaves the results at this intensity range inconclusive. Based on this initial study, the application of deep learning to TC intensity analysis holds tremendous promise for further development with more advanced methodologies and expanded training datasets.
Finding the Foothold: Freedom of Political Association in the Australian Constitution
Authors: Milani Geoffrey , Handsley Elizabeth 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe High Court has not definitively explained the legal status of the constitutionally implied freedom of political association since its existence was first raised in 1992. Tajjour v New South Wales affirmed the majority view that any constitutional protection enjoyed by political association is derived from the freedom of political communication; or, in the words of the Court, a ‘corollary to’ that freedom. In this article, we argue that the High Court should acknowledge the freedom of political association as a free-standing freedom rather than a corollary of political communication. The reasoning that gave rise to the implied freedom of political communication can also be applied to political association. The Court’s approach to the implication of freedom of communication, of building on the text of ss 7, 24 and 128 of the Constitution and the structures they establish, does not appear to be at odds with the implication of freedom of association. Consequently, we argue the Court has erred in favouring the corollary form of political association (pt IV). The corollary freedom has not been justified and appears either entirely unnecessary (being subsumed by political communication) or overly subjective in application. By contrast, the free-standing freedom could adopt the well-established Lange test of validity with only minor adjustments and therefore represent only a modest development of existing jurisprudence.
Broad Insecurity and Perceived Victimization Risk
Authors: Caliso Rose Ann Camille C. , Francisco Jamil Paolo S. , Garcia Emmanuel M. 
Published: April 2019

Appealing to fear of crime and perceived risk of victimization is a known political strategy for gaining popular support. While fear of crime and perceived risk may stem from vulnerability and past experiences of victimization, high levels of fear and perceived risk, despite declining crime rates, had prompted researchers to investigate other sources of fear of crime and perceived victimization risk. We used survey data from 1,200 households in Metro Manila to test the hypothesis that perceived risk of victimization may be predicted by broad insecurity, which encompasses insecurities in finances, employment, education, health, disaster preparedness and rights protection. Multivariate regression is used to measure variable effects. Our results showed that broad insecurity significantly influences perceived risk of victimization. Other reliable predictors included past victimization, local government spending and social identifiers such as age and gender, but none was as strong as broad insecurity. These findings suggest that perceptions of public safety depend not only on tough policing, but also economic opportunities, human capital development and overall wellbeing. This article corroborates budding research on the diffuse sources of fear of crime and victimization. It informs political and economic prioritization in pursuit of social harmony and development amidst a rapidly changing socioeconomic and political landscape. JEL: Z13, Z18
Body parts of clinical concern in anorexia nervosa versus body dysmorphic disorder: a cross-diagnostic comparison
Authors: Toh Wei Lin , Grace Sally A , Rossell Susan L , Castle David J , Phillipou Andrea 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder share a hallmark clinical feature of severe body image disturbance. This study aimed to document major demographic and clinical characteristics in anorexia nervosa versus body dysmorphic disorder, and it was the first to compare specific body parts related to body image dissatisfaction across these disorders directly. Methods: Anorexia nervosa ( n=26) and body dysmorphic disorder ( n=24) patients were administered a range of clinical measures, including key questions about the specificities of their body image concerns. Results: Results revealed increased psychiatric and personality co-morbidities in anorexia nervosa relative to body dysmorphic disorder. The anorexia nervosa group was mostly preoccupied with three body zones typically linked to weight concerns, whereas the body dysmorphic disorder group fixated on facial features, hair and skin. Conclusions: These findings may help inform differential diagnosis in complex cases and aid in the formulation of targeted interventions.