bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formal modeling and verification of software‐defined networks: A survey
Authors: Shukla Nitin , Pandey Mayank , Srivastava Shashank 
Published: August 2019

SummaryUnlike traditional networking devices, control and management plane are decoupled from data plane in software‐defined networks (SDN). The logically centralized control and management plane facilitate dynamic orchestration of network resources, services, and policies by writing software programs. This provides much needed flexibility and programmability where networking rules and policies can be modified dynamically depending upon the application context. As the operation of network services entirely depends on a program, a small fault may induce several issues which can adversely affect the expected behavior of the network. Formal modeling and verification help in catching inconsistencies and existence of errors prior to the deployment of the programs that control the behavior of a network. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of tools and techniques available in the literature for formal modeling and verification of SDN. These tools and techniques are classified based on their types, the components of SDN where they can be applied, and the design and development phase when they are utilized. In particular, their respective benefits and limitations are discussed in terms of ease of use, interfaces, and the ability to capture and verify intended network properties.
Modeling of viscoelastic structures with random material properties using time‐separated stochastic mechanics
Authors: Junker Philipp , Nagel Jan 
Published: August 2019

SummaryModeling and simulation of materials with stochastic properties is an emerging field in both mathematics and mechanics. The most important goal is to compute the stochastic characteristics of the random stress, such as the expectation value and the standard deviation. An accurate approach are Monte Carlo simulations; however, they consume drastic computational power due to the large number of stochastic realizations that have to be simulated before convergence is achieved.In this paper, we show that a recently published approach for accurate modeling of viscoelastic materials with stochastic material properties at the material point level in the work of Junker and Nagel is also valid for macroscopic bodies. The method is based on a separation of random but time‐invariant variables and time‐dependent but deterministic variables for the strain response at the material point (time‐separated stochastic mechanics [TSM]). We recall the governing equations, derive a simplified form, and discuss the numerical implementation into a finite element routine. To validate our approach, we compare the TSM simulations with Monte Carlo simulations, which provide the “true” answer but at unaffordable computational costs. In contrast, the numerical effort of our approach is in the same range as for deterministic viscoelastic simulations.
Impact of dynamical representational errors on an Indian Ocean ensemble data assimilation system
Authors: Sanikommu Sivareddy , Banerjee Deep Sankar , Baduru Balaji , Paul Biswamoy , Paul Arya , Chakraborty Kunal , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of dynamical representational error (RE) on the analysis of an ocean ensemble Kalman filter‐based data assimilation system, LETKF‐ROMS (Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter – Regional Ocean Modelling System) configured for the Indian Ocean and assimilating in situ temperature and salinity observations from Argo. Three different approaches to account for the RE are studied and inter‐compared: (a) static RE (varies in horizontal and vertical direction), (b) dynamic RE (varies in space and time) estimated from concurrent observations, and (c) dynamic RE estimated using concurrent high‐resolution model outputs. RE estimated from the model outputs exhibits rich spatial and temporal variability with an estimated temporal mean RE for temperature below 0.5 and 0.2 °C in the surface and deep layers, respectively, and reaching up to 1 °C in the thermocline layers. The region encompassing the Great Whirl displays a large seasonal variability reaching up to 0.8 °C, and the South Equatorial Current (SEC) a large interannual variability reaching up to 0.4 °C. Neglecting such spatio‐temporal variations of RE and assimilating with a static RE limited the benefits of assimilation by entertaining over‐fitting issues that caused degradations in the Bay of Bengal, the western parts of the Arabian Sea, and the equatorial Indian Ocean. Assimilating with the observations‐based dynamic RE improved the results in these regions, but the best performances were obtained with the configuration using the model‐based dynamic RE, which yielded further improvements, e.g. reduction of sea surface height root‐mean‐square errors reaches 30% with respect to the observations‐based dynamic RE. The latter also better handled the rich spatial variability regions and areas not well sampled by the observations. Improved estimates of the spatial and temporal variations of RE helped to better exploit the assimilated observations and provided enhanced analyses less prone to assimilation shocks.
Fundamental study on the effects of the keystone height and structure on sediment deposition in a high‐gradient channel
Authors: Itsukushima Rei , Masago Yuki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractStep–pool structures are among the most important structures in riverbed morphology that can contribute to the stabilization of riverbeds and riverbanks, energy dissipation during floods, and head reduction function. Two concepts have been suggested regarding step–pool formation: the development of antidunes (antidune concept) and keystone concept. The latter suggests that a large boulder (keystone) incidentally left in a river channel can trap pebbles and build a step–pool structure. The ultimate goal of this study is to reveal the step–pool formation process and establish a design method based on the keystone concept. This paper describes the experimental results of the effects of the keystone arrangement on sediment deposition. Step–pool formation based on the keystone concept has previously been focused on the process of sediment deposition a short distance from a keystone. However, this study reveals that the obstruction of sediment supply due to the decreased flow velocity in the main river course is an important factor. When the arrangement interval of keystones is small, the amount of sediment supply downstream decreases because the flow velocity at the main flow channel between the keystones does not increase. In contrast, the flow velocity at the main river course increases between the keystones, and supplied sediment is transported to the most downstream section if the keystone arrangement interval is large enough to join the flow from the bank side of the keystones.
Pyrrolothiazolones as Potential Inhibitors for the nsP2B‐nsP3 Protease of Dengue Virus and Their Mechanism of Synthesis
Authors: Vishvakarma Vijay Kumar , Singh Prashant , Kumar Vinod , Kumari Kamlesh , Patel Rajan , Chandra Ramesh 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDengue fever is a severe disease in the present time. Based on literature, there is no effective approved medicine available in the market for the treatment of dengue fever. This fever is spreading rapidly and there is an urgency to find the potential and cost‐effective antiviral compounds for the development of medicine to cure the patients from dengue fever. Different computational and experimental approaches have been tried to find the potential inhibitors for the nsP2B‐nsP3 protease of dengue virus. In the present work, a four component one‐pot reaction was designed to get pyrrolothiazolones & its mechanism of synthesis was studied by density functional theory. A library based on pyrrolothiazolones was created using computational tools. Further, the designed compounds were docked to get the potent inhibitor aginst the nsP2B‐nsP3 protease of dengue virus. Further, different parameters like absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity were applied. DFT analysis of the hit compounds were performed using Gaussian 09. The molecular dynamics simulations study was performed to check the formation of complex between the screened compound and nsP2B‐nsP3 protease of dengue virus. Finally, the molecular mechanics‐Poisson Boltzmann surface area analysis was performed to determine the effective binding for the formation of complex of potent compound with the nsP2B‐nsP3 protease of dengue virus.
Synthesis and Characterization of X–MOF/AC (X=tin or copper) Catalysts for the Acetylene Hydrochlorination
Authors: Wu Yibo , Li Fuxiang , Lv Zhiping , Xue Jianwei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this study, metal organic framework/activated carbon catalysts (X–MOF/AC, where X=Sn or Cu) were synthesized using a facile method and used for the acetylene hydrochlorination reaction. The prepared catalysts were characterized using Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction analysis(XRD), nitrogen adsorption‐desorption analysis, thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA), acetylene temperature‐programmed desorption experiments (C2H2‐TPD), hydrogen temperature‐programmed reduction experiments (H2‐TPR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS). Compared with Cu–MOF/AC, Sn‐MOF/AC behaved the highest acetylene conversion of 93.5% under the conditions of 200 °C and an acetylene gas space velocity of 30 h−1. Furthermore, XRD, TGA and SEM‐EDS results showed that Sn‐MOF and Cu–MOF possesse different morphology and thermalstability, respectively. Additionally, C2H2‐TPD and TGA results indicated that Sn‐MOF/AC displays the higher acetylene adsorption and the better anti‐coking ability as compare to Cu–MOF/AC.
Evaluating steel fiber‐reinforced self‐consolidating concrete performance
Authors: da Silva Gisele C. S. , Christ Roberto , Pacheco Fernanda , de Souza Camila F. N. , Gil Augusto M. , Tutikian Bernardo F. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe fiber‐reinforced self‐compacting concrete (FR‐SCC) is considered a high‐performance material, clustering characteristics of SCC combined with steel fibers. This paper assessed fresh and hardened state properties of a reference SCC and a FR‐SCC with fibers of three types and three quantities of reinforcement, totalizing 10 mixtures. Fresh state properties of the mixture were evaluated through the tests of slump‐flow, flow rate, filling ability, plastic viscosity by V‐funnel, passing ability by J‐ring and by L‐box; and hardened properties comprised compressive strength, flexural strength, and flexural toughness. Overall, it was observed that increasing the amount and length of fibers hindered the mixture workability. Also, the flexural strength and flexural toughness increased as the length and the amount of fibers increased. Regarding mechanical properties, it was not possible to identify an equivalence between the types of fibers evaluated and the compressive strength of mixtures. The flexural was proportional to the amount of fibers, with increases of up to 30% for concretes with fibers.
Analytical model and evaluation of maximum crack width for unbonded PSRC frame beam under short‐term service load
Authors: Yao Gangfeng , Xiong Xueyu 
Published: August 2019

SummaryPrestressed steel reinforced concrete (PSRC) beam members have the advantages of both ordinary prestressed concrete and SRC members and are usually applied to the structures with large span or heavy load. They are often designed to crack under service load. In this paper, the service‐load behavior is studied based on the experimental results of four unbonded PSRC frame beam specimens. The cracking behavior, deflection, and strains in tensile reinforcement during service‐load stage are described in detail. A computer program for a simple macroelement analysis approach, based on conventional matrix‐displacement method, is written to predict the response of unbonded PSRC frame beam members under service load. The calculation results by this method agree well with the observed experimental results. Moreover, an approach based on two enacted Chinese codes, one for ordinary concrete members (GB50010‐2010) and another for steel‐concrete composite members (JGJ138‐2001), is provided to calculate the short‐term maximum crack width of PSRC beam members. By comparing with the test results, it implies that this approach can be applied to the evaluation of short‐term maximum crack width.
Pharmacogenetics and the postmortem molecular autopsy
Authors: Wendt Frank R. , Budowle Bruce 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere are three possible outcomes from drug therapy: the drug performs as intended; the drug has no effect; or the drug causes an adverse reaction. Variation in drug and endogenous toxin metabolism among individuals in part can be due to genetic makeup. The goal of pharmacogenetics is to elucidate the genetic variation contributing to absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and response (ADME‐R) so that adverse drug reactions can be avoided, and to characterize differential enzyme activity informing appropriate drug dosage on the individual and population levels. The postmortem molecular autopsy may use pharmacogenetic information from a decedent to make conclusions about cause (CoD) and/or manner of death (MoD) when traditional medico‐legal autopsies are negative. The cytochrome p450 family is a group of pharmacogenetically relevant targets with demonstrable utility in the postmortem setting and several key historical applications. ATP‐binding cassettes and opioid receptors are additional critical drug response proteins with essential rolls in additive and suicidal behaviors and drug overdose. Historically, the discipline relied on genetic variation with large effects on a broad spectrum of endogenous and foreign compounds. However, recent advances in pharmacogenomics highlight rare variants and noncoding variation as strong contributing factors to the accuracy of drug response prediction. Furthermore, there is a push to develop more comprehensive predictive models incorporating both rare and common variants contributing to drug response. These advanced genetic capabilities will enable more accurate predictions of drug‐related CoD and/or MoD determinations and contribute to the growing overlap between medical and forensic genetics.This article is categorized under:

Forensic Biology > Forensic DNA Technologies
Toxicology > Opioids
Forensic Medicine > Methods for Certification of Cause and Manner of Death
Hall viscosity in a strongly coupled magnetized plasma
Authors: Hoyos Carlos , Peña-Benitez Francisco , Witkowski Piotr 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe show how a Hall viscosity induced by a magnetic field can be generated in strongly coupled theories with a holographic dual. This is achieved by considering parity-breaking higher derivative terms in the gravity dual. These terms couple the Riemann curvature tensor to the field strength of a gauge field dual to the charge current, and have an analog in the field theory side as a coupling between the “Euler current” and the electromagnetic field. As a concrete example, we study the effect of the new terms in the thermodynamic and transport properties of a strongly coupled magnetized plasma dual to a dyonic black hole inAdS4. As a new property of the holographic model, we find that for a state that is initially neutral at zero magnetic field, a charge density and non-dissipative Hall transport are present when the magnetic field is turned on. Remarkably, we also observe that the results from the holographic model are consistent with hydrodynamics even at magnetic fields much larger than temperature.
We’ve discovered that projection across conjunction is asymmetric (and it is!)
Authors: Mandelkern Matthew , Zehr Jérémy , Romoli Jacopo , Schwarz Florian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIs the mechanism behind presupposition projection and filtering fundamentally asymmetric or symmetric? This is a foundational question for the theory of presupposition which has been at the centre of attention in recent literature (Schlenker in Theor Linguist 38(3):287–316, 2008b.https://doi.org/10.1515/THLI.2008.021, Semant Pragmat 2(3):1–78, 2009.https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.2.3; Rothschild in Semant Pragmat 4(3):1–43, 2011/2015.https://doi.org/10.3765/sp.4.3a.o.). It also bears on broader issues concerning the source of asymmetries observed in natural language: are these simply rooted in superficial asymmetries of language use (language use happens in time, which we experience as fundamentally asymmetric); or are they, at least in part, directly encoded in linguistic knowledge and representations? In this paper we aim to make progress on these questions by exploring presupposition projection across conjunction, which has traditionally been taken as a central piece of evidence that presupposition filtering is asymmetric in general. As a number of authors have recently pointed out, however, the evidence which has typically been used to support this conclusion is muddied by independent issues concerning redundancy; additional concerns have to do with the possibility of local accommodation. We report on a series of experiments, building on previous work by Chemla and Schlenker (Nat Lang Semant 20(2):177–226, 2012.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11050-012-9080-7) and Schwarz (in: Schwarz (ed) Experimental perspectives on presuppositions, Springer, Cham, 2015), using inference and acceptability tasks, which aim to control for both of these potential confounds. In our results, we find strong evidence for left-to-right filtering across conjunctions, but no evidence for right-to-left filtering—even when right-to-left filtering would, if available, rescue an otherwise unacceptable sentence. These results suggest that presupposition filtering across conjunction is asymmetric,contrasuggestions in the recent literature (Schlenker in Theor Linguist 34(3):157–212, 2008a.https://doi.org/10.1515/THLI.2008.013, 2009 a.o.), and pave the way for the investigation of further questions about the nature of this asymmetry and presupposition projection more generally. Our results also have broader implications for the study of presupposition: we find important differences in the verdicts of acceptability versus inference tasks in testing for projected content, which has both methodological ramifications for the question of how to distinguish presupposed content, and theoretical repercussions for understanding the nature of projection and presuppositions more generally.
Qualitative, Patient-Centered Assessment of Muscle Cramp Impact and Severity
Authors: Katzberg Hans D. , Bril Vera , Riaz Sarah , Barnett Carolina 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACT:Background:There is an urgent need for new therapeutic options to treat muscle cramps; however, no patient-reported measures exist that capture the entire cramp experience. We conducted a qualitative study to assess the experience of patients suffering muscle cramps, aiming to understand what factors determine the impact cramps have in patients’ lives to guide the development of a patient-centered outcome measure of cramp severity and impact.Methods:We enrolled patients with cramps due to several etiologies, including motor neuron disease, pregnancy-induced cramps, cirrhosis and hemodialysis, and idiopathic and exercise-induced cramps. Patients participated in semistructured interviews about their experiences with muscle cramps and their responses were recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed with content analysis using data saturation to determine the sample size. We subsequently developed a conceptual framework of cramp severity and overall cramp impact.Results:Ten patients were interviewed when data saturation was reached. The cramp experience was similar across disease and physiological states known to cause muscle cramps. The main themes that compose the overall cramp impact are cramp characteristics, sleep interference, daytime activities interference, and the effect on mental health.Conclusions:This framework will be used to develop a patient-reported outcome of cramp severity and impact.
Reflective Access, Closure, and Epistemological Disjunctivism
Authors: Fratantonio Giada 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I consider the so-called Access Problem for Duncan Pritchard's Epistemological Disjunctivism (2012). After reconstructing Pritchard's own response to the Access Problem, I argue that in order to assess whether Pritchard's response is a satisfying one, we first need an account of the notion of ‘Reflective Access’ that underpins Pritchard's Epistemological Disjunctivism. I provide three interpretations of the notion of Reflective Access: a metaphysical interpretation, a folk interpretation, and an epistemic interpretation. I argue that none of these three interpretations comes without problems. I conclude that, until we have a clear and unproblematic account of Reflective Access, the Access Problem remains a challenge for Pritchard's Epistemological Disjunctivism.
Flows over surface-mounted bluff bodies with different spanwise widths submerged in a deep turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Fang Xingjun , Tachie Mark F. 
Published: August 2019

The spatio-temporal dynamics of separation bubbles induced by surface-mounted bluff bodies with different spanwise widths and submerged in a thick turbulent boundary layer is experimentally investigated. The streamwise extent of the bluff bodies is fixed at 2.36 body heights and the spanwise aspect ratio ($AR$), defined as the ratio between the width and height, is increased from 1 to 20. The thickness of the upstream turbulent boundary layer is 4.8 body heights, and the dimensionless shear and turbulence intensity evaluated at the body height are 0.23 % and 15.8 %, respectively, while the Reynolds number based on the body height and upstream free-stream velocity is 12 300. For these upstream conditions and limited streamwise extent of the bluff bodies, two distinct and strongly interacting separation bubbles are formed over and behind the bluff bodies. A time-resolved particle image velocimetry is used to simultaneously measure the velocity field within these separation bubbles. Based on the dynamics of the mean separation bubbles over and behind the bluff bodies, the flow fields are categorized into three-dimensional, transitional and two-dimensional regimes. The results indicate that the low-frequency flapping motions of the separation bubble on top of the bluff body with $\mathit{AR}=1$ are primarily influenced by the vortex shedding motion, while those with larger aspect ratios are modulated by the large-scale streamwise elongated structures embedded in the oncoming turbulent boundary layer. For $\mathit{AR}=1$ and 20, the flapping motions in the wake region are strongly influenced by those on top of the bluff bodies but with a time delay that is dependent on the $AR$. Moreover, an expansion of the separation bubble on the top surface tends to lead to an expansion and contraction of separation bubbles in the wake of $\mathit{AR}=20$ and 1, respectively. As for the transitional case of $\mathit{AR}=8$, the separation bubbles over and behind the body are in phase over a wide range of time difference. The dynamics of the shear layer in the wake region of the transitional case is remarkably more complex than the limiting two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations.