bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of quality parameters and phytosterol content in oils and their formulated margarines
Authors: Nguyen Anh T. L. , Kaleda Aleksei , Onuh John O. , Aryee Alberta N. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnlike lipid stability and oxidation studies in commonly used edible oils and margarines, margarines formulated with unconventional oils are not well characterized. This study investigated the effect of heat treatment (HT) on the stability and content of phytosterol in njangsa seed oil (NSO), bush mango oil (BMO), soybean oil (SBO), coconut oil (CCO), and margarines formulated from their blends: BN (BMO and NSO), BS (BMO and SBO), CN (CCO and NSO), CS (CCO and SBO), and commercial margarines (CM1 and CM2). Both oils and margarines were heat‐treated at 130, 170, and 210°C for 10, 15, 20, and 120 min (only oils). Changes in free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), para‐anisidine value (AnV), and fatty acid (FA) composition and phytosterol content were determined after 20 min (margarines) and 120 min (oils) of HT and compared to their control/pre‐HT/unheated (UH) counterparts. The FA composition did not change significantly with HT. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)‐rich oils such as NSO and SBO showed significantly higher increase in FFA content with HT compared with oils with higher saturated fatty acid content (BMO and CCO). Oils with higher proportions of linoleic acid, such as SBO (68.3%) and NSO (60.35%), had higher AnV at the end of the HT compared with oils with lower content, such as BMO (0.51%). Phytosterol content fluctuated with HT, and changes in content were generally more pronounced in β‐sitosterol than in stigmasterol and campesterol. Both principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least‐squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) were carried out to observe possible clusters. The results suggest that changes in quality and content of oils and margarines during heating are dependent on more than their fatty acid composition.
Seed Oil Contents, Fatty Acid Compositions, and Gossypol Concentrations of Some Okra Landraces
Authors: Kantar Faik , Cengiz Mehmet Fatih , Erbaş Sabri , Babacan Ümit 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTOkra has recently attracted attention owing to its superior tolerance to high temperatures, greater adaptation to poor soil conditions, and having a robust plant structure. The plant contains a high amount of oil and valuable fatty acids; however, the main restriction of using okra seeds as an oil crop results from its gossypol contents. The aim of this study was to determine the oil content of okra landraces and to evaluate its potential as an oil crop. For this aim, seed oil content, fatty acid compositions of cold‐pressed seed oil, and gossypol concentrations of fruit, oil cake, and seed oil were investigated in a core collection of 26 okra landraces, lines, and cultivars. Individual plants were harvested at the full maturity stage, and seeds were harvested and dried under 35°C for 2 days prior to oil extraction. Oil content, fatty acid composition, and gossypol content were analyzed by NMR, GC‐FID, and HPLC, respectively. The calibration coefficients (r2) of all the methods were determined to be > 0.99. The seed oil content of the samples ranged between 12.15% and 18.83%. Linoleic (42.01%), palmitic (31.65%), oleic (18.39%), and stearic acids (3.20%) were found to be the largest fraction of the fatty acids. The data matrix from 19 fatty acids and oil content was subjected to Principle Component Analysis (PCA). As a result, 6 principal components (PCs, eigenvalues > 1) explained 83.84% of total variance in the data set, with PC1 contributing 32.69% of the total. Gossypol contents of the fruit, oil cake, and seed oil fractions ranged between LOQ‐2.12, < LOQ‐7.01, and < LOQ‐62.46 mg/kg, respectively. In conclusion, okra may have the potential to be an alternative oil crop for food/feed purposes due to the presence of reasonable oil content, high‐quality fatty acid variations, and very low amounts of toxic gossypols, warranting further breeding and agronomic studies.
A Strengths‐Based Human Resource Management Approach to Neurodiversity: A Multi‐Actor Qualitative Study
Authors: Kersten Amber , Scholz Frederike , van Woerkom Marianne , Krabbenborg Manon , Smeets Luca 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough the attention for neurodiversity in human resource management (HRM) is growing, neurodivergent individuals are still primarily supported from a deficit‐oriented paradigm, which points towards individuals' deviation from neurotypical norms. Following the HRM process model, our study explored to what extent a strengths‐based HRM approach to the identification, use, and development of strengths of neurodivergent groups is intended, implemented, and perceived in organizations. Thirty participants were interviewed, including HRM professionals (n = 15), supervisors of neurodivergent employees (n = 4), and neurodivergent employees (n = 11). Our findings show that there is significant potential in embracing the strengths‐based approach to promote neurodiversity‐inclusion, for instance with the use of job crafting practices or (awareness) training to promote strengths use. Still, the acknowledgement of neurodivergent individuals' strengths in the workplace depends on the integration of the strengths‐based approach into a supportive framework of HR practices related to strengths identification, use, and development. Here, particular attention should be dedicated to strengths development for neurodivergent employees (e.g., optimally balancing strengths use). By adopting the strengths‐based HRM approach to neurodiversity as a means of challenging the ableist norms of organizations, we add to the HRM literature by contributing to the discussion on how both research and organizations can optimally support an increasingly diverse workforce by focusing on individual strengths.
Disease burden among patients with Arginase 1 deficiency and their caregivers: A multinational, cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Olofsson Sara , Löfvendahl Sofia , Widén Julia , Jacobson Lena , Lindgren Peter , Stepien Karolina M. , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Luz Couce Pico Maria , Leão Teles Elisa , Rudebeck Mattias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArginase 1 deficiency (ARG1‐D) is an ultrarare, metabolic disease which may cause spastic paraplegia, cognitive deficiency, seizures, and ultimately severe disability. The aim of this study was to assess disease burden in ARG1‐D by performing a cross‐sectional survey of patients with ARG1‐D and their caregivers in four European countries (France, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom). Patients were enrolled at participating clinics and data were collected using a web‐based questionnaire. The findings indicate that there is a significant share of patients who experience severe cognitive and mobility impairment but also that there is a considerable variance in symptom severity among patients. Disease management was mostly in line with treatment guidelines and self‐reported adherence to treatment was reported to be high among a majority although following diet restrictions was perceived as difficult. However, despite this, since a large share of patients experienced severe cognitive and mobility impairment an unmet need among this patient population is suggested. The introduction of disease‐modifying therapies and early identification and diagnosis may help alleviate the disease burden associated with ARG1‐D in the future.
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) inhibits coronavirus infection by disrupting viral replication organelles
Authors: Song Kun , Hasan Abdul , Hao Wenzhuo , Wu Yakun , Sun Yiwen , Li Wenjun , Wang Lingyan , Li Shitao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStimulator of interferon genes (STING) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that plays a crucial role in cytosolic DNA‐mediated innate immunity. Both STING agonists and antagonists have demonstrated their ability to enhance mouse survival against coronavirus, however, the physiological role of endogenous STING in coronavirus infection remains unclear. Our research unveils that STING inhibits coronavirus replication by impeding the formation of the ER‐derived double‐membrane vesicles (DMVs), the organelles in which coronavirus replicates. We found that STING was still capable of inhibiting coronavirus OC43 infection in cells, regardless of the knockout of cGAS or MAVS, or blocking type I interferon receptor. Moreover, STING disrupted the interaction between two crucial proteins, NSP4 and NSP6, involved in DMV formation, leading to the disruption of DMV formation. Taken together, our study sheds light on a novel antiviral role of STING in coronavirus infection, elucidating how it disrupts the formation of viral replication organelles, thereby impeding the replication process.
Where are the magnets?—A case of misleading radiology
Authors: Nanagiri Apoorva , Pravder Samantha , Stewart Dylan , Bostwick Howard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMultiple magnet ingestion warrants appropriate and timely management to avoid serious complications. We report a case of a 14‐year‐old male with multiple magnet ingestion. Serial abdominal X‐rays with misinterpreted foreign body location delayed appropriate management.
Treatment Modalities and Risks of Complication for Patients With Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma Aged 75 and Older
Authors: Suk‐ouichai Chalairat , Patel Hiten D. , Sato Kent T. , Kundu Shilajit D. , Ross Ashley E. , Perry Kent T. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesPartial (PN)/radical (RN) nephrectomy is the standard treatment for localized renal‐cell carcinoma (RCC). The potential risks of these procedures are concerns for the elderly. We evaluated perioperative outcomes/survival for patients aged ≥ 75 years with localized RCC who underwent PN, RN, or thermal ablation (TA).MethodsLocalized RCC patients undergoing PN/RN/TA (2000–2023) were retrospectively reviewed. Logistic‐regression assessed factors associated with major complications. Kaplan‐Meier estimated survival.ResultsA total of 278 patients (≥ 75 years) with RCC who received intervention (107RN, 101PN, and 70TA) were identified. Median age was 78 years. PN patients were younger than other cohorts (77 vs. 79, p = 0.006). Patients with cancer comorbidities underwent TA than PN/RN (93% vs. 88%/76%, respectively). Median tumor size was 4.0, 3.0, and 2.6 cm in RN, PN, and TA cohorts, respectively. RN patients had more complex masses compared to other cohorts (9 vs. 7, p < 0.001). Postoperative complications were significantly greater among PN patients (p = 0.03), but there was no significant difference in Clavien ≥ 3 complications. Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) was associated with Clavien ≥ 3 complications on multivariable analysis (p = 0.03). RN was performed at a stable rate while PN decreased in favor of TA. There was no significant difference in RCC‐/non‐RCC‐specific survival among treatment modalities.ConclusionsIt is important to make informed decisions about treating RCC in the elderly to reduce morbidity/mortality. PVD could be a determining factor favoring TA for amenable tumors.
Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Chatbot Responses to Common Patient Questions on Bone Sarcoma
Authors: Khabaz Kameel , Newman‐Hung Nicole J. , Kallini Jennifer R. , Kendal Joseph , Christ Alexander B. , Bernthal Nicholas M. , Wessel Lauren E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesThe potential impacts of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots on care for patients with bone sarcoma is poorly understood. Elucidating potential risks and benefits would allow surgeons to define appropriate roles for these tools in clinical care.MethodsEleven questions on bone sarcoma diagnosis, treatment, and recovery were inputted into three AI chatbots. Answers were assessed on a 5‐point Likert scale for five clinical accuracy metrics: relevance to the question, balance and lack of bias, basis on established data, factual accuracy, and completeness in scope. Responses were quantitatively assessed for empathy and readability. The Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) was assessed for understandability and actionability.ResultsChatbots scored highly on relevance (4.24) and balance/lack of bias (4.09) but lower on basing responses on established data (3.77), completeness (3.68), and factual accuracy (3.66). Responses generally scored well on understandability (84.30%), while actionability scores were low for questions on treatment (64.58%) and recovery (60.64%). GPT‐4 exhibited the highest empathy (4.12). Readability scores averaged between 10.28 for diagnosis questions to 11.65 for recovery questions.ConclusionsWhile AI chatbots are promising tools, current limitations in factual accuracy and completeness, as well as concerns of inaccessibility to populations with lower health literacy, may significantly limit their clinical utility.
Power Micromachines With Light
Authors: Xu Bingrui , Zhao Yanan , Chen Xixi , Fu Rongxin , Li Hang , Xie Shangran , Liu Haobing , Li Yuchao , Zhang Shuailong , Li Baojun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOptical manipulation technology encompasses a suite of micromanipulation techniques that employ light to control and actuate microscopic objects. As a valuable scientific tool, optical manipulation technology is employed by researchers to investigate fundamental biological processes, examine the mechanics of microstructures, and develop innovative technologies with applications in diagnostics, imaging, and micro‐scale manufacturing. The rapid development of optical manipulation technology, combined with advanced microfabrication techniques, has catalyzed the emergence of a burgeoning research domain termed optically‐driven micromachinery. This rapidly expanding field has garnered significant research interest in recent years, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration across advanced manufacturing, materials science, biotechnology, and micro‐electromechanical systems. The capability to optically manipulate and control micromachines also opens new avenues for the development of advanced tools, sensors, and devices with enhanced functionalities, enabling the accomplishment of tasks previously considered impossible. This review presents a systematic overview of two important optical micromanipulation technologies, optical tweezers and optoelectronic tweezers, with focus on their applications in the field of optically‐driven micromachinery. A comparative analysis of optical tweezers and optoelectronic tweezers is conducted, accompanied by a discussion on strategies to further enhance their performance, paving the way for the development of more advanced and powerful optically‐driven micromachinery in the future.
Unraveling Plasmonic Tilted Fiber Bragg Gratings (TFBG): A Journey From “Anomalous Resonances” to Refined Refractometry
Authors: Fasseaux Hadrien , Caucheteur Christophe , Loyez Médéric 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlasmonic tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) have emerged as versatile tools for refractometric analyses and biochemical sensing. Their applications have significantly blossomed these last years, from proteins and cellular bioassays to operando monitoring in batteries, to cite just a few. They are widely recognized for their cutting‐edge performance and low limits of detection, arising from their dense multimodal spectral nature featuring tens of narrowband cladding mode resonances. Their comb‐like spectrum is so rich that numerous demodulation techniques have been reported, without benchmark of their relative performance while they possess important distinctions. This review highlights developments in detangling techniques from the pioneering works based on single‐peak analysis up to the most recent approaches involving Fourier analysis, the implementation of machine learning, and cascaded spectral decomposition processes. To fairly compare the different techniques of the literature, we implemented each analysis on original experimental refractometric calibrations, revealing the assets of the most updated methods. This paper therefore reviews these demodulation techniques based on the same datasets, obtained under the same conditions. We show and discuss the results obtained from bioassays and pinpoint the importance of advanced analytical methodologies to maximize the reproducibility, reliability and performance of plasmonic‐based TFBGs biosensors.
Global Selection Rules and Giant Enhanced Harmonic Generations in LiNbO3 Nonlinear Meta‐Optics
Authors: Chen Yan , Jiang Mengna , Zhang Fei , Pu Mingbo , Chen Lianwei , Guo Yinghui , Xu Mingfeng , He Qiong , Gao Ping , Ma Xiaoliang , Luo Xiangang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNonlinear optical metasurfaces provide nanoscale‐level control of harmonic waves, making them highly promising platforms for both fundamental research and applications in nonlinear optics. However, the traditional selection rules theory, which has long served as a guiding principle for nonlinear meta‐optics, is local and neglects the significance of meta‐atomic lattice symmetry. In addition, achieving high‐efficiency harmonic generation along with nonlinear optical Pancharatnam‐Berry (PB) phase control remains challenging. To this end, a novel global selection rule jointly determined by the symmetries of both meta‐atom and lattice is proposed. Nonlinear metasurfaces designed based on this theory enable frequency conversions forbidden by previous local selection rules. A more comprehensive relationship between the nonlinear PB phase and the meta‐atomic rotation angle is revealed. Moreover, an efficient nonlinear PB metasurface platform for second harmonic generations is first demonstrated using LiNbO3 thin films with aligned crystal orientations in a hybrid design. The normalized conversion efficiency reaches approximately two orders of magnitude higher than that of existing nonlinear PB metasurfaces working in the near‐infrared band. These findings not only shed light on the underlying mechanisms of nonlinear light‐matter interactions, but also open up exciting possibilities in terahertz, entangled photon pairs, and high harmonic generations.
Recording Reflection Volume Holographic Gratings with Enhanced Performance by Two‐Stage Photopolymers Containing Bifunctional Monomers
Authors: Guo Bin , Wang Mingxuan , Zhang Diqin , Sun Minyuan , Gao Haoqiang , Bi Yong , Zhao Yuxia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA holographic optical waveguide (HOW) is an optimal solution for augmented reality (AR) displays, in which reflection volume holographic gratings are core optical elements. In this study, five high‐refractive‐index (≈1.6) bifunctional acrylate monomers (TPBSAs) are designed and synthesized. A series of two‐stage photopolymers are prepared using TPBSAs as writing monomers. Among them, one containing 9 wt.% TPBSA‐3 shows the best holographic recording performance with a sensitivity as high as 26.59 cm mJ−1. Using it as the recording medium, a reflection VHG can be obtained with high spatial frequency (5634 lines per mm), diffraction efficiency (97.14%), refractive index modulation (0.029), and good transparency within 400−800 nm after photobleaching. Furthermore, a HOW capable of achieving virtual and real image fusion is fabricated.
Processing and characterization of waste dolomite dust filled hemp‐epoxy composites
Authors: Maurya S. , Mahapatra S. K. , Satapathy A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe necessity to adapt sustainable development, green chemistry and industrial ecology leads to the creation of newer materials and the utilization of waste. In this context, this work aims at exploring the feasibility of the fabrication of hybrid composites comprised of a polymeric resin reinforced with a natural fiber (hemp) and an industry waste filler (dolomite dust). While the hemp fiber content is kept constant, epoxy‐based hybrid composites are fabricated with different weight percentages of dolomite dust using the conventional hand lay‐up route. The microstructural features of the constituent materials are studied using stereo and scanning electron microscopes which show the shape and size of dolomite particles and the arrangement of fibers. An x‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of hematite, graphite, lime and manganite. The presence of functional groups like hydroxyl, carboxyl and azide is ascertained from the transmittance spectra of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The density and void fractions are increasing with the amount of filler particles in the composite. It is observed that the tensile and flexural strengths of the composites marginally drop with increase in dolomite dust content, but there is a reasonable improvement in their inter‐laminar shear strength, micro‐hardness and impact strength values.
Targeting immunosenescence for improved tumor immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Zaoqu , Zuo Lulu , Zhou Zhaokai , Liu Shutong , Ba Yuhao , Zuo Anning , Ren Yuqing , Zhang Chuhan , Chen Yukang , Ma Hongxuan , Xu Yudi , Luo Peng , Cheng Quan , Xu Hui , Zhang Yuyuan , Weng Siyuan , Han Xinwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTumor immunotherapy has significantly transformed the field of oncology over the past decade. An optimal tumor immunotherapy would ideally elicit robust innate and adaptive immune responses within tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Unfortunately, immune system experiences functional decline with chronological age, a process termed “immunosenescence,” which contributes to impaired immune responses against pathogens, suboptimal vaccination outcomes, and heightened vulnerability to various diseases, including cancer. In this context, we will elucidate hallmarks and molecular mechanisms underlying immunosenescence, detailing alterations in immunosenescence at molecular, cellular, organ, and disease levels. The role of immunosenescence in tumorigenesis and senescence‐related extracellular matrix (ECM) has also been addressed. Recognizing that immunosenescence is a dynamic process influenced by various factors, we will evaluate treatment strategies targeting hallmarks and molecular mechanisms, as well as methods for immune cell, organ restoration, and present emerging approaches in immunosenescence for tumor immunotherapy. The overarching goal of immunosenescence research is to prevent tumor development, recurrence, and metastasis, ultimately improving patient prognosis. Our review aims to reveal latest advancements and prospective directions in the field of immunosenescence research, offering a theoretical basis for development of practical anti‐immunosenescence and anti‐tumor strategies.