bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies of host resistance to pathogens in spatially structured populations: An agent-based evaluation
Authors: Boëte Christophe , Seston Morgan , Legros Mathieu 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThere is growing theoretical evidence that spatial structure can affect the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of host-parasite interactions. Locally restricted interactions have been shown in particular to affect host resistance and tolerance. In this study we investigate the evolution of several types of host disease resistance strategies, alone or in combination, in spatially structured populations. We construct a spatially explicit, individual-based stochastic model where hosts and parasites interact with each other in a spatial lattice, and interactions are restricted to a given neighbourhood of varying size. We investigate several host resistance strategies, including constitutive (expressed in all resistant hosts), induced (expressed only upon infection), and combinations thereof. We show that the specific resistance mechanism against a pathogen as well as the size of the neighbourhood both affect resistance spread and parasite dynamics, an effect modulated by the level of the cost of resistance. Our results shed new light on the dynamics of disease resistance in a spatially-structured host-pathogen system, and illustrate the conditions in which a variety of resistance mechanisms can be maintained, including when they are costly. Overall these results advance our theoretical understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of disease resistance, a necessary step to elaborate more efficient and sustainable strategies for disease management.
Facial masculinity is only weakly correlated with handgrip strength in young adult women
Authors: Hahn Amanda C , Holzleitner Iris J , Lee Anthony J , Kandrik Michal , O’Shea Kieran J , DeBruine Lisa M , Jones Benedict C 
Published: September 2018

AbstractObjectivesAncestrally, strength is likely to have played a critical role in determining the ability to obtain and retain resources and the allocation of social status among humans. Responses to facial cues of strength are therefore thought to play an important role in human social interaction. Although many researchers have proposed that sexually dimorphic facial morphology is reliably correlated with physical strength, evidence for this hypothesis is somewhat mixed. Moreover, to date, only one study has investigated the putative relationship between facial masculinity and physical strength in women. Consequently, we tested for correlations between handgrip strength and objective measures of face-shape masculinity.Methods531 women took part in the study. We measured each participant’s handgrip strength (dominant hand). Sexual dimorphism of face shape was objectively measured from each face photograph using two methods: discriminant analysis and vector analysis. These methods use shape components derived from principal component analyses of facial landmarks to measure the probability of the face being classified as male (discriminant analysis method) or to locate the face on a female-male continuum (vector analysis method).ResultsOur analyses revealed that handgrip strength is, at best, only weakly correlated with facial masculinity in women. There was a weak significant association between handgrip strength and one measure of women’s facial masculinity. The relationship between handgrip strength and our other measure of women’s facial masculinity was not significant.DiscussionTogether, these results do not support the hypothesis that face-shape masculinity is an important cue of physical strength, at least in women.
Functional importance of JMY expression by Sertoli cells in mediating mouse spermatogenesis
Authors: Liu Yue , Fan Jiaying , Yan Yan , Dang Xuening , Zhao Ran , Xu Yimei , Ding Zhide 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSertoli cells are crucial for spermatogenesis in the seminiferous epithelium because their actin cytoskeleton supports vesicle transport, cell junction, protein anchoring and spermiation. Here, we show that junction-mediating and regulatory protein (JMY), an actin regulating protein, also affects endocytic vesicle trafficking and Sertoli cell junction remodeling since disruption of these functions induced male subfertility in Sertoli cell-specificJmyknockout mice. Specifically, these mice have: a) impaired BTB integrity and spermatid adhesion in the seminiferous tubules; b) high incidence of sperm structural deformity; c) reduced sperm count and poor sperm motility. Moreover, the cytoskeletal integrity in Sertoli cell-specificJmyknockout mice was compromised along with endocytic vesicular trafficking. These effects impaired junctional protein recycling and reduced Sertoli cell junctions. In addition, JMY interaction with α-actinin1 and Sorbs2 was related to JMY activity and in turn actin cytoskeletal organization. In summary, JMY affects control of spermatogenesis through regulating actin filament organization and endocytic vesicle trafficking in Sertoli cells.
Illustrating phylogenetic placement of fossils using RoguePlots: An example from ichneumonid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) and an extensive morphological matrix
Authors: Klopfstein Seraina , Spasojevic Tamara 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe fossil record constitutes the primary source of information about the evolutionary history of extant and extinct groups, and many analyses of macroevolution rely on fossils that are accurately placed within phylogenies. To avoid misinterpretation of the fossil record, especially by non-palaeontologists, the proper assessment and communication of uncertainty in fossil placement is crucial. We here use Bayesian morphological phylogenetics to evaluate the classifications of fossil parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) and introduce ‘RoguePlots’ to illustrate placement uncertainty on the phylogeny of extant taxa. Based on an extensive, newly constructed morphological matrix of 222 characters in 24 fossil and 103 extant taxa, we test three different aspects of models of morphological evolution. We find that a model that includes ordered characters, among-character rate variation, and a state-space restricted to observed states achieves the highest marginal likelihoods. The individual RoguePlots reveal large differences in confidence in the placement of the different fossils and allow some refinements to their classification:Polyhelictes bipolarusandIchninsum appendicrassumare moved from an uncertain subfamily placement to Pimplinae,Plectiscidea lanhamiis transferred toAllomacrusin Cylloceriinae (Allomacrus lanhami, comb. nov.),Lithotorus cressoniis moved from Diplazontinae to Orthocentrinae, and we note uncertainty in the generic placement ofXanthopimpla?messelensis. We discuss potential artefacts that might result in biased posterior probabilities in Bayesian morphological phylogenetic analyses, pertaining to character and taxon sampling, fossilization biases, and model misspecification. Finally, we suggest future directions both in ichneumonid palaeontology, in the modelling of morphological evolution, and in the way Bayesian phylogenetics can improve both assessment and representation of fossil placement uncertainty.
Dynamics of contrast decrement and increment responses in human visual cortex
Authors: Norcia Anthony M. , Yakovleva Alexandra , Hung Bethany , Goldberg Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe goal of the present experiments was to determine whether electrophysiological response properties of the ON and OFF visual pathways observed in animal experimental models can be observed in human. Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) were recorded in response to equivalent magnitude contrast increments and decrements presented using sawtooth temporal waveforms at a temporal frequency of 2.73 Hz. VEP response waveforms and response spectra for incremental and decremental stimuli were analyzed as a function of stimulus size and visual field location in 68 healthy adult participants. VEP response were larger in amplitude and shorter in latency for contrast decrements than for contrast increments. The spatial tuning was narrower for contrast decrements than for contrast increments and responses were larger for displays that were scaled for cortical magnification. VEPs recorded at the scalp differ between contrast decrements and increments of equal Weber contrast in a fashion that parallels results from the early visual system of cats and monkeys. Because our assay allows differential detection of ON and OFF pathway activity in human, the approach may be useful in future work on disease detection and treatment monitoring.
Indole Pulse Signalling Regulates the Cytoplasmic pH ofE. coliin a Memory-Like Manner
Authors: Zarkan Ashraf , Muñiz Santiago Caño , Zhu Jinbo , Al Nahas Kareem , Cama Jehangir , Keyser Ulrich F. , Summers David K. 
Published: September 2018

SUMMARYBacterial cells are critically dependent upon pH regulation. Most proteins function over a limited pH range and the pH gradient across the bacterial cell membrane is central to energy production and transduction1. Here we demonstrate that indole plays a critical role in the regulation of the cytoplasmic pH ofE. coli. Indole is an aromatic molecule with diverse signalling roles that in bacteria is produced from tryptophan by the enzyme tryptophanase (TnaA)2. Two modes of indole signalling have been described: persistent and pulse signalling. The latter is illustrated by the brief but intense elevation of intracellular indole during stationary phase entry3,4. We show thatE. colicells growing under conditions where no indole is produced maintain their cytoplasmic pH at 7.8 ± 0.2. In contrast, under conditions permitting indole production, pH is maintained at 7.2 ± 0.2. Experiments where indole was added experimentally to non-producing cultures showed that pH regulation results from pulse, rather than persistent, indole signalling. Furthermore, the application of an artificial pulse of either of two non-biological proton ionophores (DNP or CCCP) caused a similar effect, suggesting that the relevant property of indole in this context is its ability to conduct protons across the cytoplasmic membrane5. Additionally, we show that the effect of the indole pulse that occurs normally during stationary phase entry in rich medium remains as a “memory” to maintain the correct cytoplasmic pH until entry into the next stationary phase. The indole-mediated reduction in cytoplasmic pH may explain why indole providesE. coliwith a degree of protection against stresses, including some bactericidal antibiotics.
Vegfaexpression is activated through positive and negative transcriptional regulatory networks controlled by the ETS factor Etv6in vivo
Authors: Li Lei , Rispoli Rossella , Patient Roger , Ciau-Uitz Aldo , Porcher Catherine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractVEGFA signaling is crucial for physiological and pathological angiogenesis and hematopoiesis. Although many context-dependent signaling pathways downstream of VEGFA have been uncovered, vegfa transcriptional regulation in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that the ETS transcription factor, Etv6, positively regulates vegfa expression during Xenopus blood stem cell development through multiple transcriptional inputs. In agreement with its established repressive functions, Etv6 directly inhibits the expression of the vegfa repressor, foxo3. Surprisingly, it also directly activates the expression of the vegfa activator, klf4. Finally, it indirectly binds to the vegfa promoter where it co-localizes with Klf4. Klf4 deficiency downregulates vegfa expression and significantly decreases Etv6 binding to the vegfa promoter, indicating that Klf4 recruits Etv6 to the vegfa promoter. Thus, our work uncovers a dual function for Etv6, as both a transcriptional repressor and activator, in controlling a major signaling pathway involved in blood and endothelial development in vivo. Given the established relationships between development and cancer, this elaborate gene regulatory network may inform new strategies for the treatment of VEGFA-dependent tumorigenesis.
Can museums find male or female audiences online with YouTube?
Authors: Thelwall Mike 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigates if and why audience gender ratios vary between museum YouTube channels, including for museums of the same type.

Design/methodology/approach
Gender ratios were examined for public comments on YouTube videos from 50 popular museums in English-speaking nations. Terms that were more frequently used by males or females in comments were also examined for gender differences.

Findings
The ratio of female to male YouTube commenters varies almost a hundredfold between museums. Some of the difference could be explained by gendered interests in museum themes (e.g. military, art) but others were due to the topics chosen for online content and could address a gender minority audience.

Practical implications
Museums can attract new audiences online with YouTube videos that target outside their expected demographics.

Originality/value
This is the first analysis of YouTube audience gender for museums.
Developing the CSO case studies
Authors: Norton John , Gibson Terry David 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline the iterative process which led to the production of the case studies prepared by Civil Society Organisations which are at the core of this Special issue.

Design/methodology/approach
The development of the papers has been a process of “case study authors” peer group (editors included) exchange and discussed development, in a reactive or “stepwise” process encouraging authors to develop their material to reflect very varied contexts and cases related to community-driven actions and vulnerabilities.

Findings
The collaborative process has enabled authors to develop and share both the breadth and depth of complex local issues that address emerging vulnerabilities and barriers to community-driven action.

Originality/value
Encouraging local authors to critically explore their local experience and action has deepened our understanding of how communities actually assess and address their local reality and the challenges they face, whether these are locally considered as “disasters” or not, or indeed seen as long-term evolving risks and threats to survival.
Intergenerational influences on children’s food preferences, and eating styles
Authors: Moore Elizabeth S. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose The purpose of this article is to examine the roles family members play in shaping young children’s food preferences and habits, as well as the extent to which these effects endure into adulthood. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on research in public health, marketing, nutrition and psychology, this paper examines how intergenerational influences (IGs) are manifested in the dietary domain. Findings Evidence suggests that the influence of early socialization is substantial, and that such impacts constitute an interesting yet sometimes overlooked set of forces that can help to guide our consumption behaviors as adults. Originality/value A detailed agenda for future research is proposed.
Moving on the connectivity continuum: performing gender in times of constant connectivity
Authors: Loeschner Isabell 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
Given the reality of expectations of constant connectivity with work anytime, anywhere, this paper aims to investigate the gendered implications of these new expectations in the workplace focusing on the gender gap in work connectivity as well as the reasons behind it.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a large cross-national mixed methods study, using a quantitative survey within one multinational technology company (N = 7,256) and 69 in-depth interviews with female employees from five different countries all employed by the case study organization, exploring the extent and reasons behind the gender gap in work connectivity.

Findings
New communication technologies enable us to work temporally and spatially flexibly by providing us the opportunity for constant work connectivity from anywhere, anytime. This paper finds that women across a diverse set of cultural backgrounds reject the possibility for work connectivity significantly more often than their male peers leading to a gender gap in connectivity and it brings to the fore how and why women negotiate their level of connectivity as they do.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the existing work-family-balance and gender workplace study literatures by statistically and qualitatively expanding our knowledge on the gender gap in work connectivity across multiple countries and cultural contexts and by dismantling a further mechanism that leads to the glass ceiling.
Drivers and inhibitors adopting renewable energy: an empirical study in Malaysia
Authors: Zahari Abdul Rahman , Esa Elinda 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the drivers and inhibitors of the adoption of renewable energy by residential users. Based on the theoretical framework of consumer decision-making behaviour, an empirical study of the adoption of renewable energy in Malaysia was conducted.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 501 residential users from the Klang Valley participated in this study. The data were analysed using partial least square (PLS) with Smart PLS 3.0 software.

Findings
The results indicated that the perceived utility of new technology, perceived utility of renewable energy and the perceived benefit of new technology were seen as the drivers of the adoption of renewable energy. At the same time, two inhibitor constructs, namely, perceived risk and perceived no need, were not seen to create a negative connection relating to the adoption of renewable energy. By contrast, as hypothesized, the perceived expense was the only factor that negatively correlated with the intentions to adopt renewable energy. To foster the intention to adopt renewable energy by residential users, more effort should be expended on capitalizing on the constructs of perceived benefits of new technology and the perceived utility of this new technology.

Originality/value
The current study contributes to the use of renewable energy in the country and indirectly to global renewable energy strategies.
Productivity improvement using lean manufacturing in manufacturing industry of Northern India
Authors: Singh Jagdeep , Singh Harwinder , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to uncover the significance of lean manufacturing technique in manufacturing environments.

Design/methodology/approach
Lean manufacturing is a management approach focused on incremental improvements in operations. Different lean strategies are being utilized by manufacturing industry to improve the performance of current manufacturing system processes. This study attempts to evaluate the performance of different lean manufacturing tools in the manufacturing industry of northern India. The importance level of different lean tools, important benefits achieved after successful implementation of lean manufacturing approach and benefits occurred after implementation of different lean tools have been identified. A questionnaire survey in the case company has been performed and the most important element of lean manufacturing has been implemented.

Findings
Results explicitly depict that just-in-time manufacturing is the most important element of lean manufacturing. Results indicate the net savings of rupees 242,208 annually after implementing lean manufacturing technique in a case company.

Originality/value
The paper demonstrates the practical application of lean technique showing how it can bring real breakthroughs in saving cost in the manufacturing industry.
Does cultural capital matter for individual job performance? A large-scale survey of the impact of cultural, social and psychological capital on individual performance in Brazil
Authors: Santos Adailson Soares , Reis Neto Mário Teixeira , Verwaal Ernst 
Published: September 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of cultural, social and psychological capital on the individual job performance. The authors propose and empirically test a combination of models, which originate from sociology and positive psychology, and demonstrate that cultural capital – in addition to social and psychological capital – is an important driver of individual job performance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for a large-scale survey research design. The sample consists of employees in several occupations who had formal contracts with companies from the public and private sector in Brazil. The measurement instrument is developed and tested by using data collected among 369 valid respondents in 2016. The methods applied include exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis through partial least squares estimation.FindingsThe results obtained indicate that there is a significant simultaneous positive effect of cultural, social and psychological capital on individual job performance. The results indicate that cultural, psychological and social capitals together were able to explain 57 percent of the respondents’ individual job performance, with psychological capital being the dominant driver. The authors also find that cultural capital is at least as important as driver of individual job performance as social capital.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the chosen research approach, the research results may have limited generalizability and may suffer from potential bias in terms of social desirability. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the propositions in different country contexts using different research methods.Originality/valueThis paper is the first to quantify the relevance of Bourdieu’s cultural capital theory to the study of individual job performance, and offers tools with validated psychometric properties for its empirical assessment.
Customer decision-making styles as a tool for segmenting digital products market in Iran
Authors: Mohsenin Shahryar , Sharifsamet Seyedamir , Esfidani Mohammad Rahim , Skoufa Lucas A. 
Published: September 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to define and develop digital products market segments in Tehran based on consumers’ buying decision-making styles (CDS) and testing applicability of Sproles and Kendall’s model [consumer style inventory (CSI)] for this steady growing market in Tehran and contributing to theories of market segmentation.

Design/methodology/approach
This research used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to explore and identify digital products shoppers CDS. In addition, to determine whether the selected items and factors loaded, measured the identified CDS correctly, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to substantiate the number of explored CDS. Then, cluster analysis was executed to pinpoint decision-making groups and demographic characteristics such as gender, marital status, age, education and digital shopping experience to profile the diagnosed clusters.

Findings
Five CDS were distinguished for digital products customers (four former styles and one new one’s named “Premeditated buying”) through EFA and CFA analysis as a tool for segmenting; four clusters are, namely, “Best Seekers”, “Premeditators”, “Innovation Seekers”, and “Price Insensitive”.

Practical implications
It will be beneficial to companies focussing on the Iranian digital market. This study identifies each cluster behaviour based on demographic data too.

Originality/value
This is the first study focussing on market segmentation using extracting digital products decision-making styles. As the new shopping style, “Premeditated buying”, has been explored from this analysis and due to the nature of digital products, this CDS has not been found in previous studies and is unique to Iranian digital products shoppers.