bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pepsin immobilization on biochar by adsorption and covalent binding, and its application for hydrolysis of bovine casein
Authors: Santos Mateus PF , Brito Mylena JP , Junior Evaldo CS , Bonomo Renata CF , Veloso Cristiane M 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe objective of this research was to compare the efficiency of pepsin immobilization by adsorption and covalent binding on biochar obtained from pupunha palm processing residue, and to use the immobilized enzyme in the hydrolysis of bovine casein.RESULTSThe surface modification of biochar with glutaraldehyde was effective, as shown by Fourier transform infrared analyses and the texture properties of the carbons. Both activated and functionalized biochar showed high immobilization efficiency (>95%) and high enzyme‐support binding capacity (>96 mg g–1). During the activity assays, the functionalized carbon showed a higher casein hydrolysis rate when compared to the enzyme immobilized by adsorption, with values of 39.17 U and 32.67 U, respectively, and c. 95% of the activity of the free enzyme, after 60 min.CONCLUSIONThe functionalization of the biochar led to a surface modification of biochar by the insertion of amine‐aldehyde groups, which was responsible for the formation of strong interactions between the support material and the enzyme, thus providing a greater proteolytic activity when compared to immobilization by adsorption. The immobilized enzymes were able to maintain their proteolytic activity for more than seven cycles of reuse. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Persistence on HIV preexposure prophylaxis medication over a 2‐year period among a national sample of 7148 PrEP users, United States, 2015 to 2017
Authors: Coy Kelsey C , Hazen Ronald J , Kirkham Heather S , Delpino Ambrose , Siegler Aaron J 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionPersistence on preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention (PrEP) medication has rarely been reported for periods greater than one year, or in real‐world settings. This study used pharmacy fill records for PrEP users from a national chain pharmacy to describe persistence on PrEP medication over a two‐year period, and to explore correlates with PrEP medication persistence in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe analysed de‐identified pharmacy fill records of 7148 eligible individuals who initiated PrEP in 2015 at a national chain pharmacy. A standard algorithm was employed to identify TDF‐FTC use for PrEP indication. We considered three time periods for persistence, defined as maintaining refills in PrEP care: year 1 (zero to twelve months), year 2 (thirteen to twenty‐four months) and initiation to year 2 (zero to twenty‐four months). Individuals with 16 or more days of TDF‐FTC PrEP dispensed in a 1‐month period for at least three‐quarters of a given time period (e.g. nine of twelve months or eighteen of twenty‐four months) were classified as persistent on PrEP medication for the period.ResultsPersistence was 56% in year 1, 63% in year 2 and 41% from initiation to year 2. Individuals aged 18 to 24 had the lowest persistence, with 29% from initiation to year 2. Men had higher persistence than women, with 42% compared to 20% persistent from initiation to year 2. Individuals with commercial insurance and individuals who utilized a community‐based specialty pharmacy from the national chain also had higher persistence. Male gender, age >18 to 24 years, average monthly copay of $20 or less, commercial insurance, and utilization of a community‐based specialty pharmacy were positively associated in adjusted models with persistence in year 1 and from initiation to year 2; the same correlates, with the exception of utilization of a community‐based specialty pharmacy, were associated with higher persistence in year 2.ConclusionsWe found substantial non‐persistence on PrEP medication in both year 1 and year 2. Across the entire 2‐year period, only two out of every five users persisted on PrEP. Demographic, financial and pharmacy factors were associated with persistence. Further research is needed to explore how social, structural or individual factors may undermine or enhance persistence on PrEP, and to develop interventions to assist persistence on PrEP.
Danger signals in oral cavity-related diseases
Authors: Kay Jason G , Kramer Jill M , Visser Michelle B 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The oral cavity is a unique environment containing teeth juxtaposed with soft tissues, all of which are constantly bathed in microbial products and host-derived factors. While microbial dysbiosis in the oral cavity clearly leads to oral inflammatory disease, recent advances find that endogenous danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from oral and salivary tissue also contribute to the progression of inflammatory and autoimmune disease, respectively. In contrast, DAMPs produced during oral fungal infection actually promote the resolution of infection. Here, we present a review of the literature suggesting a role for signaling by DAMPs, which may intersect with pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) signaling, in diseases that manifest in the oral cavity, specifically periodontal disease, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and Sjögren’s syndrome.
Antiviral therapy and the development of osteopenia/osteoporosis among Asians with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Wei Mike T. , Le An K. , Chang Matthew S. , Hsu Holden , Nguyen Pauline , Zhang Jian Q. , Wong Chris , Wong Clifford , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have suggested a potential increase in the incidence of osteoporosis for patients receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), but this issue remains controversial.MethodsThe retrospective cohort study of 1224 Asian chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients greater than 18 years without baseline osteopenia/osteoporosis seen at four US centers from 2008 to 2016. Patients were categorized into three groups—treatment‐naive patients who initiated therapy with TDF (1) or entecavir (ETV) (2), or untreated patients (3). Patients were followed until the development of osteopenia/osteoporosis or end of the study.ResultsOf the 1224 study patients, 276 were treated with TDF, 335 with ETV, and 613 were untreated. The prevalence of cirrhosis was lower for untreated patients (2.6% vs 16.3% for TDF and 17.6% for ETV; P < 0.001). The 8‐year cumulative incidence rate of osteopenia/osteoporosis was 13.17% for TDF, 15.09% for ETV, and 10.17% for untreated patients, with no statistically significant difference among the three groups (
P = 0.218). On multivariate Cox regression controlling for demographics, osteoporosis risk factors, albumin, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels, neither TDF (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34 and 1.59) nor ETV (adjusted HR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.51 and 1.90) were associated with increased osteopenia/osteoporosis risk compared with untreated patients.ConclusionsOur retrospective study suggests that there is no significant increase in the incidence of osteopenia/osteoporosis for patients with CHB treated with TDF or ETV during a median follow‐up of about 4 to 5 years. However, further study with longer follow‐up is needed as an anti‐HBV therapy, which is often lifelong or long‐term and the development of osteopenia/osteoporosis can be a slow process.
Late Pleistocene to Holocene paleoenvironmental changes in the NW Black Sea
Authors: Briceag Andrei , Yanchilina Anastasia , Ryan William B. F. , Stoica Marius , Melinte‐Dobrinescu Mihaela C. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTTwo gravity cores that penetrated Upper Pleistocene to Upper Holocene sediments in the NW Black Sea have been studied lithologically and microfaunally. The investigations have been coupled with isotopic, calcium carbonate and radiocarbon dating. Six ecological intervals have been distinguished based on changes in microfossil assemblages, giving new insights on the sea‐level and paleoenvironmental changes that took place in the last 25 000 a BP. For the Last Glacial Maximum the ostracod community contains a homogeneous brackish assemblage dominated by Candonidae, suggesting a salinity around 5–8‰. The salinity decrease (to 0.5–5‰) that started concomitantly with the first Meltwater Pulse during Heinrich Stadial 1 is mirrored by increasing diversity and abundance of microfaunal assemblages. This microfaunal increase reached maximum values within the Bølling–Allerød warm period. The shift from Loxoconchidae to Candonidae towards the top of the Younger Dryas suggests a slight increase in salinity. The Preboreal warming period is marked by an abundance increase of ostracod assemblages. During the Late Holocene, stable marine conditions set in, reflected by assemblages similar to those of the present‐day. Based on these data, the first marine influx into the Black Sea before 9390 a BP is assumed.
Luminescence chronology of the Palaeolithic–Neolithic transition in the Yujiagou site at the Nihewan Basin, northern China
Authors: Rui Xue , Guo Yu‐Jie , Zhang Jia‐Fu , Hu Yue , Mei Hui‐Jie , Wang You‐Ping , Xie Fei , Li Bo 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThe relationship between the Palaeolithic–Neolithic cultural transition and environmental changes is important for understanding human history. However, the timing and nature of human behaviour at the transition, and their relationship to local environmental conditions, remain poorly understood. The Yujiagou archaeological site in the Nihewan Basin, northern China, provides valuable chronological and archaeological information about cultural changes in northern China due to its continuous archaeological sequence of cultural layers from the Palaeolithic to Neolithic. In this study, we apply post‐infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (pIRIR) dating on individual feldspar grains to date the Yujiagou deposits. We provide a revised chronology for the archaeological sequence at the site. We combine these results with multi‐proxy climatic indicators to gain insights into palaeoenvironmental changes in the region. The results show that the age of the artefact‐bearing deposits ranges from 13.5 to 9.7 ka. Polished stones and pottery begin to occur in the archaeological layer around 13 ka, corresponding to a transitional period when the local climate changed from cold to warm. This site provides evidence for understanding the process that led to the regional transition from hunter‐gathering to farming.
Late Holocene environmental changes reconstructed from stable isotope and geochemical records from a cushion‐plant peatland in the Chilean Central Andes (27°S)
Authors: Kock S. T. , Schittek K. , Mächtle B. , Wissel H. , Maldonado A. , Lücke A. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTA Late Holocene paleoenvironmental record was obtained from the Lagunillas cushion peatland (LP, 27°12′S, 69°17′W), located in the dry Puna of the western Central Andes. Ten radiocarbon dates build the chronology for the last 1800 cal a BP. Analyses of stable isotopes on cellulose (δ18Ocell, δ13Ccell) and geochemical proxies on organic matter (δ13COM, δ15Nbulk, TOC, TN, LOI, T535) were conducted to identify major paleoenvironmental changes in this record. Simultaneously, ambient water (δ18O, δ2H) and plant samples of the dominant species Oxychloe andina (δ18Ocell, δ13Ccell) reveal insights into modern conditions. The record reveals distinct multi‐centennial oscillations of peat layer thickness and δ18Ocell. Decomposition, changes in the dominating plant species as well as in plant parts (leaves/roots) can be excluded as driving factors for these oscillations. Thus, δ18Ocell seems to be externally forced and reflects humidity changes. Around 470 cal a BP a distinct change towards increased humidity occurred, lasting during the Little Ice Age until about 70 cal a BP. Humid conditions prevailed between 1530 and 1270 cal a BP. Increasing δ18Ocell values since 30 cal a BP mark a trend towards again increased aridity.
The role of pepsin in epithelia‐mesenchymal transition in idiopathic subglottic stenosis
Authors: McCann Alec J. , Samuels Tina L. , Blumin Joel H. , Johnston Nikki 
Published: February 2019

ObjectivesIdiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is commonly characterized by laryngeal fibrosis thought to arise by epithelia‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by chronic inflammation. Pepsin is a potent inducer of inflammation in the airways during chronic laryngopharyngeal reflux and has been observed in the subglottic mucosa of patients with iSGS, absent in normal mucosa. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pepsin on mechanisms of EMT in laryngeal cells with implications for iSGS.Study DesignIn vitro translational research study.MethodsHuman laryngeal epithelial cell cultures were exposed to 0.1 mg/mL or 1.0 mg/mL pepsin at pH7 for 24 and 48 hours, or media pH5 ± 0.1 mg/mL pepsin for 10 minutes and harvested after 24 and 48 hours. EMT marker expression was measured by qPCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Wound‐healing scratch assay was performed on immortalized human vocal fold fibroblasts pretreated with media pH5 ± 0.1 mg/mL pepsin (10 minutes) or continuously treated with media pH7 ± 0.1 to 1 mg/mL pepsin for 24 hours.ResultsPepsin yielded no effect on MMP1, MMP9, FN1, COL1A1, HAS2, or CDH1 gene expression or matrix metalloproteinase‐9 or fibronectin protein expression, either alone or in the presence of weak acid. Pepsin and/or acid produced no effect on fibroblast migration.ConclusionWhereas pepsin has been shown to be present in the subglottic mucosa of patients with iSGS, this in vitro acute exposure investigation does not provide evidence of a direct causal role for development of fibrosis in subglottic epithelial cell cultures.Levels of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 130:154–158, 2020
On para‐Kähler Lie algebroids and contravariant pseudo‐Hessian structures
Authors: Benayadi Saïd , Boucetta Mohamed 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we generalize all the results obtained on para‐Kähler Lie algebras in [3] to para‐Kähler Lie algebroids. In particular, we study exact para‐Kähler Lie algebroids as a generalization of exact para‐Kähler Lie algebras. This study leads to a natural generalization of pseudo‐Hessian manifolds, we call them contravariant pseudo‐Hessian manifolds. Contravariant pseudo‐Hessian manifolds have many similarities with Poisson manifolds. We explore these similarities which, among others, leads to a powerful machinery to build examples of non trivial pseudo‐Hessian structures. Namely, we will show that given a finite dimensional commutative and associative algebra, the orbits of the action Φ ofongiven byare pseudo‐Hessian manifolds, where. We illustrate this result by considering many examples of associative commutative algebras and show that the resulting pseudo‐Hessian manifolds are very interesting.
Optimal control problems constrained by the stochastic Navier–Stokes equations with multiplicative Lévy noise
Authors: Benner Peter , Trautwein Christoph 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe consider the controlled stochastic Navier–Stokes equations in a bounded multidimensional domain, where the noise term allows jumps. In order to prove existence and uniqueness of an optimal control w.r.t. a given control problem, we first need to show the existence and uniqueness of a local mild solution of the considered controlled stochastic Navier–Stokes equations. We then discuss the control problem, where the related cost functional includes stopping times dependent on controls. Based on the continuity of the cost functional, we can apply existence and uniqueness results provided in [4], which enables us to show that a unique optimal control exists.
The Effect of Bending Rigidity on Polymers
Authors: Jia Jiying , Li Kunhe , Hofmann Andreas , Heermann Dieter W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe conformations of chromatin are influenced by many factors. In the regulation of gene expression the bending rigidity of the chromatin polymer and its heterogeneity play an important role for the possible conformations. To elucidate this, the effect of bending rigidity as well as its heterogeneity on various polymer properties is investigated. In the context of chromatin organization, the contact probability is an important measure. It is analyzed whether there is any ambiguity in the definition of a contact. The results show that the contact probability does not depend on the range of contact in the limit of a large contour length between monomers. Further, the persistence length as a function of the bending rigidity is computed in the homogeneous and heterogeneous cases. The persistence length is systematically smaller in the heterogeneous case. Chromosomes are confined by each other in the nucleus and by looking at specific loci, the environment changes much more slowly than the local chromatin part. In conjunction with bending rigidity, polymers in rectangular confinements with several aspect ratios are simulated. Due to the spiraling behavior when the box size is small enough, an oscillation in the contact probability and the orientational correlation function is found.
Clinical heterogeneity of frontotemporal dementia and Parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 caused by MAPT N279K mutation in relation to tau positron emission tomography features
Authors: Ikeda Aya , Shimada Hitoshi , Nishioka Kenya , Takanashi Masashi , Hayashida Arisa , Li Yuanzhe , Yoshino Hiroyo , Funayama Manabu , Ueno Yuji , Hatano Taku , Sahara Naruhiko , Suhara Tetsuya , Higuchi Makoto , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTBackgroundWhile mechanistic links between tau abnormalities and neurodegeneration have been proven in frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 caused by MAPT mutations, variability of the tau pathogenesis and its relation to clinical progressions in the same MAPT mutation carriers are yet to be clarified.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to analyze clinical profiles, tau accumulations, and their correlations in 3 kindreds with frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 attributed to the MAPT N279K mutation.MethodsFour patients with N279K mutant frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17/MAPT underwent [11C]PBB3‐PET to estimate regional tau loads.ResultsHaplotype assays revealed that these kindreds originated from a single founder. Despite homogeneity of the disease‐causing MAPT allele, clinical progression was more rapid in 2 kindreds than in the other. The kindred with slow progression showed mild tau depositions, mostly confined to the midbrain and medial temporal areas. In contrast, kindreds with rapid progression showed profoundly increased [11C]PBB3 binding in widespread regions from an early disease stage.Conclusions[11C]PBB3‐PET can capture four‐repeat tau pathologies characteristic of N279K mutant frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17/MAPT. Our findings indicate that, in addition to the mutated MAPT allele, genetic and/or epigenetic modifiers of tau pathologies lead to heterogeneous clinicopathological features. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Wireless coils based on resonant and nonresonant coupled‐wire structure for small animal multinuclear imaging
Authors: Vergara Gomez Tania S. , Dubois Marc , Glybovski Stanislav , Larrat Benoit , de Rosny Julien , Rockstuhl Carsten , Bernard Monique , Abdeddaim Redha , Enoch Stefan , Kober Frank 
Published: February 2019

Earlier work on RF metasurfaces for preclinical MRI has targeted applications such as whole‐body imaging and dual‐frequency coils. In these studies, a nonresonant loop was used to induce currents into a metasurface that was operated as a passive inductively powered resonator. However, as we show in this study, the strategy of using a resonant metasurface reduces the impact of the loop on the global performance of the assembled coil. To mitigate this deficiency, we developed a new approach that relies on the combination of a commercial surface coil and a coupled‐wire structure operated away from its resonance. This strategy enables the extension of the sensitive volume of the surface coil while maintaining its local high sensitivity without any hardware modification. A wireless coil based on a two parallel coupled‐wire structure was designed and electromagnetic field simulations were carried out with different levels of matching and coupling between both components of the coil. For experimental characterization, a prototype was built and tested at two frequencies, 300 MHz for 1H and 282.6 MHz for 19F at 7 T. Phantom and in vivo MRI experiments were conducted in different configurations to study signal and noise figures of the structure. The results showed that the proposed strategy improves the overall sensitive volume while simultaneously maintaining a high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Metasurfaces based on coupled wires are therefore shown here as promising and versatile elements in the MRI RF chain, as they allow customized adjustment of the sensitive volume as a function of SNR yield. In addition, they can be easily adapted to different Larmor frequencies without loss of performance.
Agreement between clinicoradiological signs at diagnosis and radiohistological analysis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of suspected Wilms tumor rupture: Consequences on therapeutic choices
Authors: Le Rouzic Marie‐Amelyne , Mansuy Ludovic , Galloy Marie‐Agnès , Champigneulle Jacqueline , Bernier Valérie , Chastagner Pascal 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIntroductionAccording to SIOP criteria, every patient presenting with preoperative Wilms tumor (WT) rupture must receive abdominal radiotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy reduces tumor volume and is responsible for the development of peritumoral capsule formation, which can mask tumor rupture on histological analysis, while it was clinically or radiologically obvious at diagnosis. Yet, there are no protocol recommendations for this particular presentation.ObjectivesStudy the agreement between clinicoradiological signs and histological confirmation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy of suspected WT rupture and describe the therapeutic choices arising in consequence.MethodsDescriptive retrospective study on a monocentric series of patients with WT between June 1991 and August 2017.ResultsOut of 71 patients, 28 presented with suspected tumor rupture. We observed good agreement between clinical and radiological signs of suspected rupture (κ coefficient: 0.67). However, we assessed poor agreement between these signs and histological conclusions after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (κ coefficient: 0.27). Only five patients with clinicoradiological signs were overtreated with radiotherapy while tumor rupture had been refuted after histological review. The notion of abdominal trauma and the presence of intraperitoneal effusion seemed to guide collegial decision to overtreat these patients. No statistical difference in survival between patients with and without suspicion of tumor rupture at diagnosis was observed.ConclusionThis study highlights the need for recommendations in case of discrepancy between radiological and histological signs of rupture at diagnosis and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A study with stronger statistical power is necessary to define criteria that would lead to optimization of treatment in this context.