bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Electron Energetics and UV Brightness in Jupiter's Northern Polar Region During Juno Perijove 5
Authors: Ebert R. W. , Greathouse T. K. , Clark G. , Allegrini F. , Bagenal F. , Bolton S. J. , Connerney J. E. P. , Gladstone G. R. , Imai M. , Hue V. , Kurth W. S. , Levin S. , Louarn P. , Mauk B. H. , McComas D. J. , Paranicas C. , Szalay J. R. , Thomsen M. F. , Valek P. W. , Wilson R. J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe compare electron and UV observations mapping to the same location in Jupiter's northern polar region, poleward of the main aurora, during Juno perijove 5. Simultaneous peaks in UV brightness and electron energy flux are identified when observations map to the same location at the same time. The downward energy flux during these simultaneous observations was not sufficient to generate the observed UV brightness; the upward energy flux was. We propose that the primary acceleration region is below Juno's altitude, from which the more intense upward electrons originate. For the complete interval, the UV brightness peaked at ~240 kilorayleigh (kR); the downward and upward energy fluxes peaked at 60 and 700 mW/m2, respectively. Increased downward energy fluxes are associated with increased contributions from tens of keV electrons. These observations provide evidence that bidirectional electron beams with broad energy distributions can produce tens to hundreds of kilorayleigh polar UV emissions.
Early Forecast of Long‐Period Ground Motions via Data Assimilation of Observed Ground Motions and Wave Propagation Simulations
Authors: Furumura Takashi , Maeda Takuto , Oba Atsuki 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe propose an efficient approach for the early forecast of long‐period (> 3–10 s) ground motions generated in sedimentary basins by large earthquakes based on the data assimilation of observed ground motions and finite‐difference method simulations of seismic wave propagation in a 3‐D heterogeneous structure. This approach uses the dense K‐NET and KiK‐net nationwide networks in Japan and a high‐performance supercomputer to perform forecasts using the assimilated wavefields at speeds much faster than the actual wave propagation speed. Therefore, an early alert can be issued prior to the occurrence of strong motions in basins due to large, distant earthquakes. We validated the effectiveness of this data‐assimilation‐based forecast approach via numerical tests for the early forecast of long‐period ground motions in central Tokyo using the observed waveform data from the Mw6.6 2007 Off Niigata and Mw9.0 2011 Off Tohoku earthquakes.
Major Driver Leading to Winter SST Variability in the Kuroshio Recirculation Gyre Region and Its Decadal Changes: Refreshening Versus Spring‐Initiated Reemergence Processes
Authors: Pak Gyundo , Yeh Sang‐Wook , Nam SungHyun , Park Young‐Hyang , Kim Young Ho 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe analyses using reanalysis data and one‐dimensional ocean model during the past decades (1963–2012) revealed that the epoch‐dependent refreshening and reemergence mechanisms alternatively influenced the winter sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio recirculation gyre region. During 1971–1985, the refreshening mechanism due to the strong East Asian winter monsoon significantly contributed to the interannual winter SST variability, consistent with previous works. In contrast, the spring‐initiated reemergence process better explains the winter SST variability for 1991–2005, a period corresponding to a declined winter monsoon. The classical winter‐to‐winter reemergence did not occur during either studied period; thus, the observed spring‐to‐winter reemergence is an original feature in the Kuroshio recirculation gyre region. The winter monsoon‐related strong atmospheric forcing and prominent year‐to‐year variability of spring SST are important prerequisites for the regional refreshening and reemergence of the winter SST anomaly, respectively.
Structure of the Current Sheet in the 11 July 2017 Electron Diffusion Region Event
Authors: Nakamura Rumi , Genestreti Kevin J. , Nakamura Takuma , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Varsani Ali , Nagai Tsugunobu , Bessho Naoki , Burch James L. , Denton Richard E. , Eastwood Jonathan P. , Ergun Robert E. , Gershman Daniel J. , Giles Barbara L. , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Hesse Michael , Lindqvist Per‐Arne , Russell Christopher T. , Stawarz Julia E. , Strangeway Robert J. , Torbert Roy B. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe structure of the current sheet along the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) orbit is examined during the 11 July 2017 Electron Diffusion Region (EDR) event. The location of MMS relative to the X‐line is deduced and used to obtain the spatial changes in the electron parameters. The electron velocity gradient values are used to estimate the reconnection electric field sustained by nongyrotropic pressure. It is shown that the observations are consistent with theoretical expectations for an inner EDR in 2‐D reconnection. That is, the magnetic field gradient scale, where the electric field due to electron nongyrotropic pressure dominates, is comparable to the gyroscale of the thermal electrons at the edge of the inner EDR. Our approximation of the MMS observations using a steady state, quasi‐2‐D, tailward retreating X‐line was valid only for about 1.4 s. This suggests that the inner EDR is localized; that is, electron outflow jet braking takes place within an ion inertia scale from the X‐line. The existence of multiple events or current sheet processes outside the EDR may play an important role in the geometry of reconnection in the near‐Earth magnetotail.
The Microstructural Evolution of Water Ice in the Solar System Through Sintering
Authors: Molaro J. L. , Choukroun M. , Phillips C. B. , Phelps E. S. , Hodyss R. , Mitchell K. L. , Lora J. M. , Meirion‐Griffith G. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractIce sintering is a form of metamorphism that drives the microstructural evolution of an aggregate of grains through surface and volume diffusion. This leads to an increase in the grain‐to‐grain contact area (neck) and density of the aggregate over time, resulting in the evolution of its strength, porosity, thermal conductivity, and other properties. This process plays an important role in the evolution of icy planetary surfaces, though its rate and nature are not well constrained. In this study, we explore the model of Swinkels and Ashby (1981, https://doi.org/10.1016/0001‐6160(81)90154‐1) and assess the extent to which it can be used to quantify sintering timescales for water ice. We compare predicted neck growth rates to new and historical observations of ice sintering and find agreement to some studies at the order of magnitude level. First‐order estimates of neck growth timescales on planetary surfaces show that ice may undergo significant modification over geologic timescales, even in the outer solar system. Densification occurs over much longer timescales, suggesting that some surfaces may develop cohesive, but porous, crusts. Sintering rates are extremely sensitive to temperature and grain size, occurring faster in warmer aggregates of smaller grains. This suggests that the microstructural evolution of ices may vary not only throughout the solar system but also spatially across the surface and in the near surface of a given body. Our experimental observations of complex grain growth and mass redistribution in ice aggregates point to components of the model that may benefit from improvement and areas where additional laboratory studies are needed.
Systematic differences in the spectroscopic analysis of red giants
Authors: Slumstrup D. , Grundahl F. , Silva Aguirre V. , Brogaard K. 
Published: December 2018

Aims. A spectroscopic analysis of stellar spectra can be carried out using multiple approaches such as different methods, line lists, atmospheric models, atomic parameters, and solar abundances. The resulting atmospheric parameters from these choices can vary beyond the quoted uncertainties in the literature. We characterize these differences by systematically comparing some of the commonly adopted ingredients such as line lists, equivalent width measurements, and atomic parameters.
Methods. High-resolution and high signal-to-noise (S/N) spectroscopic data of one helium-core-burning red giant star in each of the three open clusters, NGC 6819, M67, and NGC 188 were obtained with the FIES spectrograph at the Nordic Optical Telescope. The M67 target was used to benchmark the analysis, as it is a well-studied cluster with asteroseismic data from the K2 mission. For the other two clusters we obtained higher quality data than had been analyzed before, which allows us to establish their chemical composition more securely. Using a line by line analysis, we tested several different combinations of line lists and programs to measure equivalent widths of stellar absorption lines to characterize systematic differences within the same spectroscopic method.
Results. The obtained parameters for the benchmark star in M67 vary up to ~170 K in effective temperature, ~0.4 dex in log g and ~0.25 dex in [Fe/H] between the tested setups. Using the combination of an equivalent width measurement program and line list that best reproduce the inferred surface gravity from asteroseismology, we determined the atmospheric parameters for the three stars and securely established the chemical composition of NGC 6819 to be close to solar, [Fe/H] = −0.02 ± 0.01 dex.
Conclusions. We highlighted the significantly different results obtained with different combinations of line lists, programs, and atomic parameters. The results emphasize the importance of benchmark stars studied with several methods to anchor spectroscopic analyses.
Lung Transplantation for Late-Onset Pulmonary Hypertension in a Patient with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Iacusso Chiara , Morini Francesco , Capolupo Irma , Dotta Andrea , Sgrò Stefania , Parisi Francesco , Carotti Adriano , Bagolan Pietro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLung hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension (PH) in association with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may cause fatal respiratory failure. Lung transplantation (Ltx) may represent an option for CDH-related end-stage pulmonary failure. The aim of this study is to report a patient with CDH who underwent Ltx or combined heart-lung transplantation (H-Ltx). Our patient was born at 33 weeks of gestation, with a prenatally diagnosed isolated left CDH. Twenty-four hours after birth, she underwent surgical repair of a type D defect (according to the CDH Study Group staging system). Postoperative course was unexpectedly uneventful, and she was discharged home at 58 days of life. Echocardiography before discharge was unremarkable. Periodic follow-up revealed gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and initial scoliosis. At the age of 10, she was readmitted for severe PH. Lung function progressively deteriorated, and at the age of 14, she underwent H-Ltx due to end-stage respiratory failure. After discharge, she developed recurrent respiratory tract infections, severe malnutrition, and drug-induced diabetes. Scoliosis and GER progressed, requiring posterior vertebral arthrodesis and antireflux surgery, respectively. Bronchiolitis obliterans further impaired her respiratory function, and though she had a second Ltx, she died at the age of 18, 4 and 1.5 years after the first and the second Ltx, respectively. Late-onset PH is an ominous complication of CDH. From our patient and the six further cases collected from the literature, Ltx may be considered as a last-resource treatment in CDH patients with irreversible and fatal respiratory failure, although its prognosis seems unfair.
Intestinal Duplication and Hirschsprung's Disease: An Extremely Rare and Misleading Combination
Authors: Vatta Fabrizio , Raffaele Alessandro , Pasqua Noemi , Brunero Marco , Pelizzo Gloria , Avolio Luigi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHirschsprung's disease and, more rarely, intestinal duplication can both cause intestinal obstruction in neonates. The simultaneous occurrence of these two diseases is reported in only two studies, and in both cases, intestinal duplication was an incidental finding, as it had not determined clinical intestinal occlusion. This paper reports a unique case of coexistence of the two conditions, with both causing intestinal obstruction, delayed appropriate, and definitive surgical treatment.
Analysis of the Personality Diagnostic Test in Children with Severe Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Hara Akiko , Araki Yasutomo , Kawano Kenji , Kikawada Toru 
Published: December 2018

AbstractPediatric allergic rhinitis is a disease characterized by paroxysmal sneezing, runny nose, and nasal obstruction. In addition, there can be mental/psychological problems, but these aspects have not been precisely clarified. We investigated the psychological characteristics of children with severe pediatric allergic rhinitis. The subjects were 40 children with drug-resistant severe pediatric allergic rhinitis. Personality diagnostic tests were conducted using the TS-type infant/child character diagnostic test method. Compared with normal children, children with severe allergic rhinitis had more emotional instability (i.e., lack of confidence in daily life and strained tension), a greater lack of self-control (i.e., outrageous anger induced by immature control of emotions and a lack of self-suppression), and more dependency (i.e., a lack of independence from parents and surrounding people, and a lack of desirable social development during childhood). Instability at home was also observed. These results suggested that severe allergic rhinitis affected mental and personality traits of children. Therefore, it might be important to take these mental/psychological problems into consideration while considering the medical treatment of these patients.
Retrospective Observational Study into the Early Causes of Death Following Surgery for NSCLC
Authors: Smelt Jeremy , Martin Fionna , Al-Sahaf May , Simon Natalie , King Juliet , Veres Lukacs , Bille Andrea , Pilling John , Routledge Tom , Harrison-Phipps Karen 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Introduction Respiratory failure has historically been the major cause of mortality after elective lung resections. With improved intubation using fiber-optic scopes, better preoperative respiratory risk assessment, more advanced anesthetic single lung ventilation, and minimally invasive surgical technique, this may have changed. Our objective was to assess the main causes of mortality over the past 10 years in patients undergoing elective lung surgery in a major UK center.
Materials and Methods A retrospective unit data search was made for all deaths during the 10-year period between January 2007 and December 2016 inclusive. All inpatient deaths within 30 days of an elective anatomical lung resection for lung malignancies were included.
Results Three-thousand three-hundred sixteen lung resections for malignancy were performed in the 10-year period. There were 44 (1.3%) deaths during this period, 27 (61.4%) after open lobectomies, 8 (18.2%) after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery lobectomies, 5 (11.4%) after sleeve lobectomies, and 4 (9%) after pneumonectomies. Causes of death included 24 (54.5%) respiratory failure, 10 (22.7%) ischemic bowel, 4 (9%) coronary events, 2 (4.5%) strokes, 2 (4.5%) on table hemorrhage, 1 (2.3%) massive pulmonary embolus, and 1 (2.3%) postoperative hemorrhage.
Conclusion Although respiratory failure is still a major cause of mortality in the postoperative patient, bowel ischemia has been found to be the second greatest cause of death. This study highlights the need to identify those at risk of this fatal complication during preoperative assessment and their postoperative management.
Ultrasound Diagnosed Rare Partial Nephrectomy Complication
Authors: Ettorre Almut , Alejandre-Lafont Enrique , Syed Faeq , Most Astrid , Hamm Christian , Bauer Pascal 
Published: December 2018

AbstractRenal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) is a serious complication that can lead to severe hematuria, blood loss, and life-threatening hemorrhagic shock. A pseudoaneurysm is defined as an arterial wall deficiency that results in the accumulation of oxygenated blood in the nearby extraluminal region. Partial nephrectomy, a parenchymal sparing method, carries a lower risk of postoperative development of chronic kidney disease than total nephrectomy but a higher risk of iatrogenic vascular lesions such as RAP or arteriovenous fistulas. Pseudoaneursyms may develop secondary to arterial transection during tumor resection or due to arterial puncture during suture ligation of the resection bed. Emergency transarterial embolization is an effective treatment modality for patients with hemodynamic instability that does not lead to significant worsening of renal function. The recent literature reports an incidence of 2.7 to 21.7% of RAP or arteriovenous fistulas after partial nephrectomy. We report a case of severe bleeding with massive hematuria due to RAP, which was detected with duplex sonography.
Audit of Complications in an Otolaryngology Led Skull-Base Surgical Practice
Authors: Patnaik Uma , Panda Smriti , Thakar Alok 
Published: December 2018

Objective This study was aimed to classify and study complications of surgery of the cranial base, primarily from an otorhinolaryngology perspective.
Design This study was designed with consecutive cohort of skull base surgical cases.
Setting Tertiary referral academic center.
Participants Patients having skull-base surgery at a otorhinolaryngology based skull-base unit, from 2002 to 2015.
Main Outcome Measures Enumeration of complications is the main outcome of this study. Surgical procedures, categorized for complexity as per a unified system, are applicable to endoscopic and open procedures. Complications were categorized as per the British Association of Otolaryngologists coding of surgical complications. Complication classified as major if life-threatening, causing permanent disability, or compromising the result of surgery.
Results A total of 342 patients (n = 342) were operated; 13 patients' records were excluded due to < 6 months posttreatment follow-up. The study group constituted 204 anterior skull-base (endoscopic, 120; open/external, 84) and 125 lateral skull-base procedures. Complication rates noted to increase in both groups with increasing complexity of surgical intervention. Anterior skull-base surgery (total complications, 11%; major, 3%; death, 0.5%) noted to have significantly less surgical complications than lateral skull-base surgery (total complications, 33%; major, 15%; death, 1.6%; p < 0.001). Among the anterior procedures no significant difference noted among endoscopic and external approaches when compared across similar surgical complexity.
Conclusion Despite improvement in surgical and perioperative care, the overall major complication rate in a contemporary otolaryngology led, primarily extradural, skull-base practice is noted at 8%. Perioperative mortality, though rare, was encountered in 1%. A standard method for categorization of surgical complexity and the grade of complications as reported here is recommended.
Pregnancies Complicated by Familial Hypertriglyceridemia: A Case Report
Authors: Cao Suzanne , Dao NhuChi , Roloff Kristina , Valenzuela Guillermo 
Published: December 2018

Background Although rare, familial hypertriglyceridemia can cause acute and life-threatening complications in pregnancy.
Cases The first patient's pregnancy was complicated by multiple admissions for pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia and noncompliance with gemfibrozil. In her second pregnancy, she was compliant with gemfibrozil and only experienced pancreatitis episodes toward the end of pregnancy. The second patient had diabetes mellitus and familial hypertriglyceridemia. She required multiple hospitalizations for diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to insulin noncompliance. In both pregnancies, she was compliant with gemfibrozil and had no complications related to hypertriglyceridemia.
Conclusion Treatment with gemfibrozil in pregnancies complicated by hypertriglyceridemia may prevent complications without adverse maternal or fetal effects and could be considered in treating pregnant patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. These cases also demonstrate the importance of medication compliance in the prevention of poor outcomes.
Detection of Nicotine and Nicotine Metabolites in Units of Banked Blood
Authors: Wiencek Joesph R , Gehrie Eric A , Keiser Amaris M , Szklarski Penny C , Johnson-Davis Kamisha L , Booth Garrett S 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Objectives
To determine the concentrations of nicotine and nicotine metabolites in RBC units as a means to estimate the point prevalence of exposure within the healthy donor pool.

Methods
Segments from 105 RBC units were tested for the presence of nicotine, cotinine, or trans-3ʹ-hydroxycotinine by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
Of the 20 (19%) units that contained detectable concentrations of nicotine, cotinine, or trans-3ʹ-hydroxycotinine, 19 (18.1%) contained concentrations consistent with the use of a nicotine-containing product within 48 hours of specimen collection. One RBC unit contained nicotine concentrations consistent with passive exposure.

Conclusions
Chemicals from nicotine-containing products are detectable within the US RBC supply. Further investigation is needed to determine the risks of transfusion-associated exposure to nicotine and other tobacco-associated chemicals among vulnerable patient populations such as neonates.
Product Matrix Processes as Limits of Random Plane Partitions
Authors: Borodin Alexei , Gorin Vadim , Strahov Eugene 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe consider a random process with discrete time formed by squared singular values of products of truncations of Haar-distributed unitary matrices. We show that this process can be understood as a scaling limit of the Schur process, which gives determinantal formulas for (dynamical) correlation functions and a contour integral representation for the correlation kernel. The relation with the Schur processes implies that the continuous limit of marginals for q-distributed plane partitions coincides with the joint law of squared singular values for products of truncations of Haar-distributed random unitary matrices. We provide structural reasons for this coincidence that may also extend to other classes of random matrices.
Hasse Principle for Rost Motives
Authors: Borovoi Mikhail , Semenov Nikita , Zhykhovich Maksim 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe prove a Hasse principle for binary direct summands of the Chow motive of a smooth projective quadric $Q$ over a number field $F$. Besides, we show that such summands are twists of Rost motives. In the case when $F$ has at most one real embedding we describe a complete motivic decomposition of $Q$.
Milton, Buchanan, and King Arthur
Authors: Ng Su Fang 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Arthur appears in a range of Milton’s works, including the late poetry, though his attitude to Arthur shifted drastically in the course of his career, from a heroic subject suitable for an epic in Epitaphium Damonis (1640) to a figure tainted by tyranny in Paradise Regained (1671). This shift is not simply the consequence of Milton coming to doubt the veracity of Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia regum Britanniae. Rather, his understanding of Arthur was shaped by an engagement with the works of humanist George Buchanan. Buchanan’s Rerum Scotiarum historiae, one of Milton’s sources for the History of Britain, was among a number of hostile rewritings of Arthur as illegitimate by Scottish historians and chroniclers to resist English claims of suzerainty over Scotland. Sympathetic to Buchanan’s theories of popular sovereignty and tyrannicide, Milton had to contend with his anti-Galfridian attacks while not wholly embracing a Scottish perspective. Milton’s reception of Buchanan is part of a longstanding Anglo-Scottish debate over Arthur.