bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple particle tracking
Authors: Furst Eric M. , Squires Todd M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe fundamentals and best practices of multiple particle tracking microrheology are discussed, including methods for producing video microscopy data, analyzing data to obtain mean-squared displacements and displacement correlations, and, critically, the accuracy and errors (static and dynamic) associated with particle tracking. Applications presented include two-point microrheology, methods for characterizing heterogeneous material rheology, and shell models of local (non-continuum) heterogeneity. Particle tracking has a long history. The earliest descriptions of Brownian motion relied on precise observations, and later quantitative measurements, using light microscopy.
Magnetic bead microrheology
Authors: Furst Eric M. , Squires Todd M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMagnetism is a convenient force for actively pulling colloidal particles in a material. Many materials of interest in a microrheology experiment have a negligible magnetic susceptibility, and so embedded magnetic particles can be subject to relatively strong forces by fields imposed from outside of the sample. These are usually generated by electromagnets, but can also include the use of permanent magnets, or a combination of both. Such “magnetic tweezers” are used as sensitive force probes, capable of generating forces ranging from femtonewtons to nanonewtons. Magnetic forces and magnetic materials are reviewed and magnetic tweezer designs discussed. Linear and non-linear measurements using magnetic tweezers are presented, including studies yield stress and shear thinning. The operating regime of magnetic tweezer microrheology is presented, which enables microrheology experiments to access stiffer materials.
Microrheology applications
Authors: Furst Eric M. , Squires Todd M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe wide number of microrheology methods and techniques serve as new tools for measuring the rheology of soft materials. Several emerging applications of microrheology are presented, including the rheology of hydrogelators, gelation kinetics, and degradation (gel breaking). Viscosity measurements, in particular of protein solutions, is also discussed. These problems generally take advantage of the small volume requirements of microrheology as well as its sensitivity. The chapter begins with a discussion of mechanical and microrheology operating regimes to aid the reader in planning experiments. It concludes with a discussion of emerging trends and future areas of microrheology, including interfacial rheology.
Risk of Epidural Hematoma After Neuraxial Techniques in Thrombocytopenic Parturients: A Report From the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group
Authors: Lee L.O. , Bateman B.T. , Kheterpal S. , Klumpner T.T. , Housey M. , Aziz M.F. , Hand K.W. , MacEachern M. , Goodier C.G. , Bernstein J. , Bauer M.E. 
Published: February 2018

(Anesthesiology. 2017;126(6):1053–1063)
Thrombocytopenia is a relative or even absolute contraindication to neuraxial techniques for labor analgesia and cesarean delivery due to a potential increased risk of epidural hematoma, which can cause permanent neurological injury. Consensus on an acceptable platelet count needed for safe execution of neuraxial techniques and risk stratification of this complication by platelet count are unclear. This retrospective cohort study aimed at using the Multicenter Perioperative Outcomes Group (MPOG) database to define the risk of epidural hematoma requiring surgical decompression stratified by platelet count after neuraxial techniques in thrombocytopenic parturients. A systematic review was also done to combine the resulting data with existing literature reporting neuraxial techniques in thrombocytopenic pregnant women.
Internal Validation of the Sepsis in Obstetrics Score to Identify Risk of Morbidity From Sepsis in Pregnancy
Authors: Albright C.M. , Has P. , Rouse D.J. , Hughes B.L. 
Published: February 2018

(Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130(4):747–755)
Three scoring systems exist to help identify patients at risk for clinical deterioration following a diagnosis of sepsis. However, these scoring systems exclude pregnant women in their study populations. Therefore, the authors of this study developed a pregnancy-specific sepsis scoring system (Sepsis in Obstetrics Score), which accounts for the physiological changes of pregnancy.
Teamwork Assessment Tools in Obstetric Emergencies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Onwochei D.N. , Halpern S. , Balki M. 
Published: February 2018

(Simul Healthc. 2017;12(3):165–176)
Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential in cases of obstetric emergencies, but breakdowns in team communication can have adverse effects on maternal and fetal outcomes. Although many teamwork assessment tools exist, it remains unclear whether a specific tool is better adapted for assessment in obstetric emergency scenarios than another. In this qualitative systematic review, the authors searched the medical literature for prospective studies in order to find and evaluate the tools available for obstetric emergency team assessment.
Is the First Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (ACR) in Women With Suspected Preeclampsia a Prognostic Factor for Maternal and Neonatal Adverse Outcome? A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Elia E.G. , Robb A.O. , Hemming K. , Price M.J. , Riley R.D. , French-Constant A. , Denison F.C. , Kilby M.D. , Morris R.K. , Stock S.J. 
Published: February 2018

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(5):580–588)
Preeclampsia can result in severe maternal complications and perinatal mortality. The albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) is an independent prognostic factor for maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes in suspected preeclampsia. This retrospective cohort study aimed at determining the prognostic value of baseline first ACR in predicting maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes in women with suspected preeclampsia.
Use of Antenatal Corticosteroids in Special Circumstances: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Magann E.F. , Haram K. , Ounpraseuth S. , Mortensen J.H. , Spencer H.J. , Morrison J.C. 
Published: February 2018

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2017;96(4):395–409)
A literature review was undertaken to formulate recommendations on the usage of antenatal corticosteroids for pregnancies with specific complications—preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), the severe form of preeclampsia known as HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome, very early deliveries (23 to 26 wk), near term deliveries (34 to 38 wk), intrauterine growth restriction, and cases of multiple births. PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1990 to 2015), Clinicaltrials.gov, and Web of Science were searched and 49 studies were found acceptable to be used as the basis of this review.
Emergency Department Care in the Postpartum Period: California Births, 2009 to 2011
Authors: Batra P. , Fridman M. , Leng M. , Gregory K.D. 
Published: February 2018

(Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130(5):1073–1081)
Studies have estimated that up to 25% of women visit the emergency department (ED) during the postpartum period. However, despite this high volume, postpartum ED utilization data are omitted from national reports. As there has been a shift toward early postpartum discharge from the hospital, the present study described postpartum ED use in a population-based sample from California as well as associated factors for ED use. The primary outcome was odds of an ED visit within 90 days of discharge. Secondary outcomes included high utilization (≥3 visits within 90 d) and inpatient admission from the ED.
Factors Associated With Maternal Mortality at Advanced Maternal Age: A Population-based Case-control Study
Authors: McCall S.J. , Nair M. , Knight M. 
Published: February 2018

(BJOG. 2017;124:1225–1233)
The maternal mortality ratio has been shown in previous studies to increase nonlinearly with increasing age, especially after age 30. Older women have a higher rate of preexisting medical comorbidities, and hence also have an increased risk of experiencing adverse maternal outcomes during pregnancy. In developed countries, the proportion of pregnancies occurring in women over age 30 has been increasing. In some countries, including the United States and the Netherlands, the increase in the number of deliveries in older women has correlated temporally with increases in maternal deaths. This population-based case-control study from the United Kingdom aimed to determine the risk factors associated with maternal mortality in women of advanced maternal age (35 y or older).
Economic Evaluation of Adjunctive Azithromycin Prophylaxis for Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Harper L.M. , Kilgore M. , Szychowski J.M. , Andrews W.W. , Tita A.T.N. 
Published: February 2018

(Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130(2):328–334)
Up to 12% of cesarean deliveries are complicated by surgical site infection. In a recent study of unscheduled cesarean deliveries, the administration of a single dose of perioperative azithromycin and a first-generation cephalosporin demonstrated a significant reduction in the risk of infectious morbidities by 50%. It is uncertain whether the use of extended-spectrum prophylaxis is cost-effective. The authors of the present study used decision analytic methods to estimate the effects on costs for perioperative adjunctive azithromycin in addition to standard prophylactic antibodies compared to standard cefazolin alone in preventing surgical site infection. Analysis was performed separately for both scheduled and unscheduled cesarean deliveries.
What’s Trending Now? An Analysis of Trends in Internet Searches for Labor Epidurals
Authors: Sutton C.D. , Carvalho B. 
Published: February 2018

(IJOA. 2017;30:52–57)
People now turn to the internet frequently to obtain information about everything. In one survey of parturients, it was found that in 2011 to 2012, 97% of surveyed women used the internet to find information about childbirth. In an effort to see what pregnant women might be concerned about regarding the topic of labor pain management, the current study was undertaken to see how often the term [epidural] showed up in internet searches as well as other terms relating to pain management and birth. In addition, the study analyzed increases in the number of searches over time. The investigators felt the information obtained from the study could help doctors in their communication with patients.
Differential Roles of the Right and Left Toe Perfusion Index in Predicting the Incidence of Postspinal Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Xu Z. , Xu T. , Zhao P. , Ma R. , Zhang M. , Zheng J. 
Published: February 2018

(Anesth Analg. 2017;125(5):1560–1566)
Severe postspinal hypotension, which occurs in 70% of parturients, increases the risk of maternal and fetal complications. However, noninvasive methods used to predict spinal hypotension currently do not reflect aortocaval compression by the gravid uterus. One predictive method is the measurement of perfusion index (PI) parameters, usually measured via the finger. However, the authors of the present study speculated that measurement of toe PI may have greater predictive accuracy than finger PI, and may be associated with the rate of postspinal hypotension in parturients. This is due to the fact that an underlying difference between finger and toe PI in supine parturients is the effect of direct aortocaval compression on the iliac vessels by the gravid uterus.
Clinical Factors Associated With Presentation Change of the Second Twin After Vaginal Delivery of the First Twin
Authors: Panelli D.M. , Easter S.R. , Bibbo C. , Robinson J.N. , Carusi D.A. 
Published: February 2018

(Obstet Gynecol. 2017;130(5):1104–1111)
Although national guidelines recommend that women with vertex-presenting twins without contraindications attempt a vaginal delivery, clinical concerns regarding the unpredictability of the second twin’s presentation (11% of women may experience malpresentation) often lead women to elect for cesarean delivery. To promote evidence-based care decisions, the authors of the present study identified factors associated with intrapartum presentation change of the second twin after vaginal delivery of the first in a cohort of laboring women with vertex-vertex twins.
Labour Induction Near Term for Women Aged 35 or Over: An Economic Evaluation
Authors: Walker K.F. , Dritsaki M. , Bugg G. , Macpherson M. , McCormick C. , Grace N. , Wildsmith C. , Bradshaw L. , Smith G.C.S. , Thornton J.G. 
Published: February 2018

(BJOG. 2017;124:929–934)
In the United Kingdom, all women are offered labor induction between 40 and 41 weeks gestation with goal of decreasing the risk of stillbirth. However, this risk may occur earlier in women 35 years and older so it may be beneficial to offer labor induction sooner. However, induction at an earlier gestational age might increase the risk of cesarean delivery. Therefore, a multicenter, randomized trial was performed comparing labor induction and expectant management at 39 weeks gestation in women 35 years and older. This current article reports on a cost-utility analysis that was conducted in conjunction with the clinical trial.
A Randomized Double-blind Trial of Phenylephrine and Metaraminol Infusions for Prevention of Hypotension During Spinal and Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia for Elective Cesarean Section
Authors: McDonnell N.J. , Paech M.J. , Muchatuta N.A. , Hillyard S. , Nathan E.A. 
Published: February 2018

(Anaesthesia. 2017;72(5):609–617)
Currently phenylephrine, preferably as an infusion, is the drug of choice for the prevention and management of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension during elective cesarean delivery. However, high doses of phenylephrine may result in maternal bradycardia, which can lead to decreased cardiac output and uteroplacental perfusion. While metaraminol is a vasopressor that has been used widely to maintain blood pressure and heart rate in nonobstetric patients, investigations in obstetrics, especially in comparison to phenylephrine have been limited. The current investigators decided to investigate metaraminol as an alternative to phenylephrine for the prevention of maternal hypotension during the administration of spinal or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean sections (CS). They hypothesized that metaraminol would be at least noninferior to phenylephrine in terms of neonatal acid-base status.
Paraplegia After Accidental Continuous Subdural Analgesia
Authors: Chen J. , Hu Y. , Lv L. 
Published: February 2018

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2017;30:61–66)
In this case report a healthy 34 year-old woman undergoing her second cesarean section received combined spinal epidural anesthesia for surgery using an 18-G Tuohy epidural needle and a 25-G spinal needle. The spinal injection consisted of 0.75% ropivacaine 1.8 mL. Upon removal of the spinal needle, the epidural needle was rotated 90 degrees cephalad and an epidural catheter was inserted 3 cm into the epidural space. A T6 bilateral sensory level was achieved. The surgery was uneventful; the mother was stable throughout and a healthy was child delivered.
Number concentrations of ultrafine particles and the incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Goldberg Mark S. , Labrèche France , Weichenthal Scott , Lavigne Eric , Valois Marie-France , Hatzopoulou Marianne , Shekarrizfard Maryam 
Published: February 2018

Background:
There have been a number of reports regarding possible associations between the incidence of female breast cancer and ambient air pollution. Only one study has been published about possible association with ultrafine particles (UFPs; <0.1 μm).

Methods:
We conducted a case–control study of incident postmenopausal breast cancer in Montreal, Canada. Cases were identified between 1996 and 1997 from all hospitals that treated breast cancer. Controls were women diagnosed with other sites of cancer and frequency-matched to cases by hospital and 5-year age groups. Concentrations of UFPs were estimated using a land-use regression model developed in 2011–2012 and assigned to women’s residential addresses at time of diagnosis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using logistic regression models adjusting for individual-level and ecological covariates.

Results:
We found that the response functions between UFPs and incident, postmenopausal breast cancer were consistent with linearity. Adjusted ORs of 1.08 (95% CI = 0.96, 1.21) were found for an increase in UFPs equal to the interquartile range (IQR). We found higher ORs among cases with positive estrogen (ER+) and negative progesterone receptor (PR−) (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.04–1.45) and for women with ER−/PR− status (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 0.99–1.54). We also found stronger associations when analyses were restricted to those women who had not lived at their current address for 10 years or more (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 0.94–1.71).

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest that exposure to ambient UFPs may increase the risk of incident postmenopausal breast cancer, especially among cases with ER+/PR− and ER−/PR− receptor status.
Gauging the Effects of Self-efficacy, Social Support, and Coping Style on Self-management Behaviors in Chinese Cancer Survivors
Authors: Geng Zhaohui , Ogbolu Yolanda , Wang Jichuan , Hinds Pamela S. , Qian Huijuan , Yuan Changrong 
Published: February 2018

Background
Better self-management control in cancer survivors would benefit their functional status, quality of life, and health service utilization. Factors such as self-efficacy, social support, and coping style are important predictors of self-management behaviors of cancer survivors; however, the impact of these factors on self-management behaviors has not yet been empirically tested in Chinese cancer survivors.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to examine how self-efficacy, social support, and coping style affect specific self-management behaviors.

Methods
A secondary data analysis was completed from a cross-sectional study. A total of 764 cancer survivors were recruited in the study. Validated instruments were used to assess patients' self-efficacy, social support, and coping style. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the hypothesis.

Results
The SEM model fits the data very well, with root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.034; close-fit test cannot reject the hypothesis of root mean square error of approximation of 0.05 or less, comparative fit index of 0.91, Tucker-Lewis index of 0.90, and weighted root mean square residual of 0.82. For the measurement models in the SEM, all items loaded highly on their underlying first-order factors, and the first-order factors loaded highly on their underlying second-order factors (self-efficacy and social support, respectively). The model demonstrated that self-efficacy and social support directly and indirectly, via coping style, affect 3 self-management behaviors (ie, communication, exercise, and information seeking).

Conclusion
Our results provide evidence that self-efficacy and social support impose significant direct effects, as well as indirect effects via copying style, on the self-management of cancer survivors.

Implications for Practice
Our findings may help nurses to further improve their care of cancer survivors in terms of their self-management behaviors, specifically communication, exercise, and information seeking.
Psychometric Performance of the Arabic Versions of the Cancer Behavior Inventory-Brief and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast
Authors: Algamdi Maaidah M. , Hanneman Sandra K. 
Published: February 2018

Background
Valid and reliable instruments in Arabic are needed to measure self-efficacy and quality of life for Arabic patients with cancer.

Objective
The aim of this study was to test the psychometric performance of the Cancer Behavior Inventory-Brief Arabic (CBI-BA), including participant understanding of items, and the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast Arabic (FACT-BA).

Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, 438 cancer patients completed the CBI-BA, 30 of whom completed cognitive interviews. A subsample 167 women with breast cancer also completed the FACT-BA. Internal consistency evidence was assessed with Cronbach’s α and construct validity with principal axis factoring.

Results
Internal consistency estimates were acceptable for the total CBI-BA (α = .81) and FACT-BA (α = .88) scales. Exploratory factor analyses showed evidence of construct validity for the CBI-BA; 1 factor was derived, compared with four in the original English version. Cognitive interviews indicated satisfactory patient understanding of CBI-BA items. The Arabic version of the general FACT-General scale had 4 factors according to expectation.

Conclusion
The CBI-BA has adequate psychometric performance for the measurement of self-efficacy for coping with cancer in Arabic patients. The FACT-General Arabic has adequate evidence of reliability and validity for the measurement of quality of life in Arabic women with breast cancer.

Implications for Practice
The availability of culturally sensitive and psychometrically sound instruments for Arabic patients diagnosed with cancer should be valuable for healthcare clinicians and researchers to assess self-efficacy for coping with cancer and quality of life.
Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Fibromyalgia
Authors: Habib George , Artul Suheil 
Published: February 2018

Background
Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain syndrome, characterized by chronic musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and mood disturbances. There are nearly no data on the effect of medical cannabis (MC) treatment on patients with fibromyalgia.

Methods
Data were obtained from the registries of 2 hospitals in Israel (Laniado Hospital and Nazareth Hospital) on patients with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia who were treated with MC. After obtaining patient consent, demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were documented. All the patients also completed the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire regarding the period before and after MC treatment.

Results
Thirty patients were identified, and 26 patients were included in the study. There were 19 female patients (73%), and the mean age of the study group was 37.8 ± 7.6 years. The mean dosage of MC was 26 ± 8.3 g per month, and the mean duration of MC use was 10.4 ± 11.3 months. After commencing MC treatment, all the patients reported a significant improvement in every parameter on the questionnaire, and 13 patients (50%) stopped taking any other medications for fibromyalgia. Eight patients (30%) experienced very mild adverse effects.

Conclusions
Medical cannabis treatment had a significant favorable effect on patients with fibromyalgia, with few adverse effects.