bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Conditions, Medically Supportive Care Partners, And Functional Disability Among Cognitively Impaired Adults
Authors: Van Ness Peter H , MacNeil Vroomen Janet , Leo-Summers Linda , Vander Wyk Brent , Allore Heather G 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
To assess whether medically supportive care partners modify the associations of symptomatic chronic conditions with the number of functional disabilities in a cohort of multimorbid older adults with cognitive impairment.

Research Design and Methods
The research design is a prospective study of a nationally representative cohort of Medicare beneficiaries. National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) data were linked with Medicare claims for years 2011–2015. Participants were aged 65 or older and had cognitive impairment with at least 2 chronic conditions (N = 1,003). Annual in-person interviews obtained sociodemographic information at baseline and time-varying variables for caregiving, hospitalization, and 6 activities of daily living (ADL); these variables were merged with Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services data to ascertain 16 time-varying chronic conditions. A care partner was defined as a person who sat with their care recipient during doctor visits in the past year and/or who helped them with prescribed medications in the last month. Chronic condition associations and their potential effect modifications by care partner status were assessed using weighted generalized estimating equations accounting for the complex survey design of the longitudinal analytical sample.

Results
Chronic kidney disease, depression, and heart failure were associated with an increased number of functional disabilities. Among these, only the association of chronic kidney disease with the number of functional disabilities (interaction p value = .001) was weakened by the presence of a care partner.

Discussion and Implications
The presence of care partners showed limited modification of the associations of symptomatic chronic conditions with functional disability.
Constitutional amendment in Laos
Authors: Bui Ngoc Son 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Laos, a socialist state in Southeast Asia, adopted an amended Constitution in 2015. This article investigates and explains this experience from the perspective of comparative constitutional amendment, supported by a qualitative empirical methodology: extensive formal interviews with several local constitutional amenders and informal conversations with a local lawyer and several legal scholars. It argues that Laos has introduced progressive constitutional amendments—notably, the redefinition of the position, structure, and functions of state institutions, including the imposition of term limits on executive power holders; strengthened commitment to a market economy; new commitments to human rights protection, judicial independence, and adversarial trials; and the creation of new institutions, namely, the local people’s councils, the state audit, and the election committee—to facilitate the improvement of its socialist constitutional system which in turn will promote the improvement of the material well-being of the living conditions of local people.
Body Composition in Pediatric Solid Tumors: State of the Science and Future Directions
Authors: Joffe Lenat , Schadler Keri L , Shen Wei , Ladas Elena J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sarcopenia (severe skeletal muscle wasting) and sarcopenic obesity (skeletal muscle wasting in the setting of excess fat) have been increasingly recognized as important prognostic indicators in adult oncology. Unfavorable changes in lean and adipose tissue masses manifest early in therapy and are associated with altered chemotherapy metabolism as well as increased treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Existing literature addresses the role of body composition in children with hematologic malignancies; however, data is lacking among solid tumor patients. Advances in imaging techniques for quantification of tissue compartments potentiate further investigation in this highly understudied area of pediatric oncology. The following review presents an in-depth discussion of body composition analysis and its potential role in the care of pediatric solid tumor patients. Integration of body tissue measurement into standard practice has broad clinical implications and may improve quality of life and treatment outcomes in this at-risk population.
A Global Strategy for Building Clinical Capacity and Advancing Research in the Context of Malnutrition and Cancer in Children within Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Ladas Elena J , Gunter Marc , Huybrechts Inge , Barr Ronald 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cancer is one of the prominent noncommunicable diseases and is responsible for more than 8 million deaths each year worldwide. It is expected to impact up to 22 million people annually by 2030, and more than 60% of new patient cases will be in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. Despite improvements in the delivery of care to children in low- and middle-income countries, survival of those with cancer is as low as 10%; a figure that is in stark contrast to overall childhood cancer survival rates in North America and Western Europe. Although many factors are contributing to this disparity, access to well-educated health-care workers, knowledgeable in both antineoplastic and supportive care, particularly nutritional assessment and therapy, is necessary for effective treatment and reduced morbidities of children with cancer. To this end, we identify approaches for advancing nutritional care such as building nutritional capacity and education as well as advancing rigorous nutritional science through the establishment of multicountry research groups among pediatric oncology units located in low- and middle-income countries.
The Theopoetic Reduction: Suspending the Supernatural Signified
Authors: Caputo John D 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Theopoetics represents a reinterpretation of theology which relieves it of its supernaturalism and thereby allows theology to adopt its proper discursive mode and find its proper truth. In theopoetics, the classical distinction between the natural light of reason and the supernatural light of revelation is reinterpreted as a distinction between a prosaic discourse and a poetic one. In the language of phenomenology, a theopoetics is made possible by an epoche which suspends the supernatural attitude in order to allow us to adopt the theopoetic attitude, by a reduction of the supernaturalism in theology which leads us back (reducere) to the matter itself (die Sache selbst) of theology, which is the poetics. The poetics is an alternate discourse which brings to words the lived experience of the call by which we are addressed in the narratives and songs, the figures and the forms of theology’s founding texts. The reduction releases these texts from the grip of supernatural assumptions by which they are mystified and distorted. It releases the proper power of these images and narratives, which is not magical or supernatural, but strictly, rigourously theopoetic.
Full-sky lensing reconstruction of 21 cm intensity maps
Authors: Chakraborty Priyesh , Pullen Anthony R 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Weak gravitational lensing of the 21 cm radiation is expected to be an important cosmological probe for post-reionization physics. We investigate the reconstruction of the matter density perturbations using a quadratic minimum variance estimator. The next generation of line intensity mapping (LIM) surveys such as HIRAX and CHIME will cover a larger sky fraction, which requires one to account for the curvature in the sky. Thus, we extend the plane-parallel flat-sky formalism for lensing reconstruction to account for a full-sky survey using the spherical Fourier–Bessel (SFB) expansion. Using the HIRAX 21 cm survey as a basis, we make predictions for lensing-reconstruction noise in our formalism and compare our results with the predictions from the plane-parallel formalism. We find agreement with the plane-parallel noise power spectrum at small scales and a significant deviation at scales L ≲ ℓres − keqR, where R is the radius of the shell volume, keq is the wavenumber for matter–radiation equality, and ℓres is the angular resolution scale. Furthermore, we derive the SFB flat-sky reconstruction noise and compare it with the full-sky SFB case as well as the plane-parallel case, finding minor deviations from the full-sky noise due to sphericity. We also determine that, in the absence of non-Gaussian statistics of the intensity field but accounting for foregrounds, the signal-to-noise ratio for $C_\ell ^{\phi \phi }$ using our SFB estimator increases by over 100 per cent. This shows that accounting for the curved sky in LIM weak lensing will be crucial for large-scale cosmology.
Planetary magnetic field control of ion escape from weakly magnetized planets
Authors: Egan Hilary , Jarvinen Riku , Ma Yingjuan , Brain David 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Intrinsic magnetic fields have long been thought to shield planets from atmospheric erosion via stellar winds; however, the influence of the plasma environment on atmospheric escape is complex. Here we study the influence of a weak intrinsic dipolar planetary magnetic field on the plasma environment and subsequent ion escape from a Mars-sized planet in a global three-dimensional hybrid simulation. We find that increasing the strength of a planet’s magnetic field enhances ion escape until the magnetic dipole’s standoff distance reaches the induced magnetosphere boundary. After this point increasing the planetary magnetic field begins to inhibit ion escape. This reflects a balance between shielding of the Southern hemisphere from ‘misaligned’ ion pickup forces and trapping of escaping ions by an equatorial plasmasphere. Thus, the planetary magnetic field associated with the peak ion escape rate is critically dependent on the stellar wind pressure. Where possible we have fit power laws for the variation of fundamental parameters (escape rate, escape power, polar cap opening angle, and effective interaction area) with magnetic field, and assessed upper and lower limits for the relationships.
NSUN2 introduces 5-methylcytosines in mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs
Authors: Van Haute Lindsey , Lee Song-Yi , McCann Beverly J , Powell Christopher A , Bansal Dhiru , Vasiliauskaitė Lina , Garone Caterina , Shin Sanghee , Kim Jong-Seo , Frye Michaela , Gleeson Joseph G , Miska Eric A , Rhee Hyun-Woo , Minczuk Michal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Expression of human mitochondrial DNA is indispensable for proper function of the oxidative phosphorylation machinery. The mitochondrial genome encodes 22 tRNAs, 2 rRNAs and 11 mRNAs and their post-transcriptional modification constitutes one of the key regulatory steps during mitochondrial gene expression. Cytosine-5 methylation (m5C) has been detected in mitochondrial transcriptome, however its biogenesis has not been investigated in details. Mammalian NOP2/Sun RNA Methyltransferase Family Member 2 (NSUN2) has been characterized as an RNA methyltransferase introducing m5C in nuclear-encoded tRNAs, mRNAs and microRNAs and associated with cell proliferation and differentiation, with pathogenic variants in NSUN2 being linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we employ spatially restricted proximity labelling and immunodetection to demonstrate that NSUN2 is imported into the matrix of mammalian mitochondria. Using three genetic models for NSUN2 inactivation—knockout mice, patient-derived fibroblasts and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout in human cells—we show that NSUN2 is necessary for the generation of m5C at positions 48, 49 and 50 of several mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs. Finally, we show that inactivation of NSUN2 does not have a profound effect on mitochondrial tRNA stability and oxidative phosphorylation in differentiated cells. We discuss the importance of the newly discovered function of NSUN2 in the context of human disease.
Cancer collection efforts in the United States provide clinically relevant data on all primary brain and other CNS tumors
Authors: Kruchko Carol , Gittleman Haley , Ruhl Jennifer , Hofferkamp Jim , Ward Elizabeth M , Ostrom Quinn T , Sherman Recinda L , Jones Sandra F , Barnholtz-Sloan Jill S , Wilson Reda J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Cancer surveillance is critical for monitoring the burden of cancer and the progress in cancer control. The accuracy of these data is important for decision makers and others who determine resource allocation for cancer prevention and research. In the United States, cancer registration is conducted according to uniform data standards, which are updated and maintained by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Underlying cancer registration efforts is a firm commitment to ensure that data are accurate, complete, and reflective of current clinical practices. Cancer registries ultimately depend on medical records that are generated for individual patients by clinicians to record newly diagnosed cases. For the cancer registration of brain and other CNS tumors, the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States is the self-appointed guardian of these data. In 2017, the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States took the initiative to promote the inclusion of molecular markers found in the 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System into information collected by cancer registries. The complexities of executing this latest objective are presented according to the cancer registry standard-setting organizations whose collection practices for CNS tumors are directly affected.
Dual-Process Models in Sociology
Authors: Leschziner Vanina 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the ongoing quest to find new analytical or methodological tools to explicate social action, cultural sociologists have recently turned to the dual-process models developed by cognitive and social psychologists. Designed to explain the two basic types of cognitive processing—one autonomous and the other requiring controlled attention, dual-process models became a natural partner for sociological theories of action, with their interest in parsing dispositional and deliberative types of action. This chapter offers an analytical review of the sociological literature that engages with dual-process models. It begins with an outline of the fundamentals of dual-process models in cognitive and social psychology, and follows with an examination of the premises that constitute what has come to be called the sociological dual-process model. It then reviews sociological research that applies dual-process models, dividing this literature into two distinct groups that are separated along sharp epistemological, methodological, and analytical lines. The first group is a largely consistent body of work that follows the premises of the sociological dual-process model, emphasizing the primacy of Type 1 processing, and investigating how this form of cognition shapes action. The second group comprises a more diverse body of work, examines Type 1 and Type 2 processing, and attempts to capture the processes that shape cognition and action. The chapter concludes with remarks about the critiques raised against dual-process models, along with their potential contributions to sociological analysis.
Perceiving and Enacting Authentic Identities
Authors: Williams J. Patrick 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This chapter maps out a symbolic interactionist conception of authenticity as it relates to identity and identification. It begins by distinguishing between the phenomenological concept of self-authenticity and the interactional concept of identity authenticity. Emphasizing the latter, it discuss the significance of essentialism, categories, and boundaries in framing authenticity, followed by a focus on the processes and criteria through which authentic identities are constructed and assessed by members of many different identity categories. Drawing on a diverse range of scholarship from fields such as cognitive anthropology, social psychology, sociolinguistics, and sociology, it highlights the cognitive, cultural, and interactional processes involved in identity authentication and shows how they are tied to one another in mutually reinforcing ways.
Embodied Cognition
Authors: Cerulo Karen A. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Embodied cognition theory has become central to contemporary sociologists who theorize and empirically study the mechanics of thinking. Those applying this approach to thought treat meaning-making as quite distinct from the processes described in abstract representational models of cognition. Moving beyond sole considerations of neural operations, embodied cognition theory views meaning-making as deeply entwined in the body’s experience with surrounding environments. To fully unpack the importance of this shift in studying thought, this chapter begins by exploring the roots of embodied cognition theory; it then traces its rather recent entry into the sociological literature. The chapter moves on to summarize the growing number of empirical sociological works informed by embodied cognition theory, and it touches on the methodological debates surrounding work in this area. The chapter concludes by suggesting ways in which sociology can forward the embodied cognition project.
Validity of Physical Exam Maneuvers in the Diagnosis of Sacroiliac Joint Pathology
Authors: Schneider Byron J , Ehsanian Reza , Rosati Renee , Huynh Lisa , Levin Josh , Kennedy David J 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
A combination of physical examination maneuvers is currently considered necessary to help predict who will respond to injections in the sacroiliac joint. However, the literature on this topic currently consists of conflicting studies, with one showing the value of a combination of exam maneuvers and the other showing no real value.

Objective
To determine the diagnostic validity of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) physical exam maneuvers using anesthetic intra-articular injection as a reference standard.

Design
A single institution prospective study.

Participants
Patients with the clinical diagnosis of SIJ pain and referred for SIJ injection were enrolled.

Main Outcome Measure
Numeric rating scale (NRS) to assess pain intensity

Results
Participants underwent fluoroscopically guided SIJ intra-articular injection with 1 cc of 2% lidocaine and 1 cc of triamcinolone 40 mg. Patients’ pain was assessed via 0–10 NRS pre-injection and immediately postinjection to determine positive anesthetic response to the injection. Six physical exam maneuvers (thigh thrust, Geanslen’s test, FABER test, distraction test, compression test, and sacral thrust) were performed pre-injection and 15 minutes postinjection. The results of these SIJ physical exam maneuvers were evaluated singly and in combinations for diagnostic power in relation to a positive anesthetic response (>80% relief) to the injection. No association was found between a single SIJ physical exam maneuver or combination of maneuvers and anesthetic response to the injection.

Conclusions
In this cohort, patient physical exam maneuvers to identify intra-articular SIJ pain did not demonstrate diagnostic value when compared with the reference standard of an intra-articular anesthetic block.
Relationships between objectives sleep parameters and brain amyloid load in subjects at risk for Alzheimer’s disease: the INSIGHT-preAD Study
Authors: Ettore Eric , Bakardjian Hovagim , Solé Marine , Levy Nogueira Marcel , Habert Marie-Odile , Gabelle Audrey , Dubois Bruno , Robert Philippe , David Renaud 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Study Objectives
Sleep changes have been associated with increased risks of developing cognitive disturbances and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A bidirectional relation is underlined between amyloid-beta (Aß) and sleep disruptions. The sleep profile in participants at risk to develop AD is not fully deciphered. We aim to investigate sleep–wake changes with objective sleep measurements in elderly participants without cognitive impairment depending on their brain amyloid status, positive (Aß+) or negative (Aß−) based on standard absorption ratios (SUVr) positron emission tomography-florbetapir imaging.

Methods
Sixty-eight participants without cognitive impairment who have accepted to be involved in the sleep ancillary study from the InveStIGation of Alzheimer’s Predictors in Subjective Memory Complainers (INSIGHT-pre AD) cohort, aiming to record sleep profile based on the analyses of an ambulatory accelerometer-based assessment (seven consecutive 24-hour periods). Neuropsychological tests were performed and sleep parameters have been individualized by actigraph. Participants also underwent a magnetic resonance imaging scan to assess their hippocampal volume. Based on SUVr PET-florbetapir imaging, two groups Aß+ and Aß− were compared.

Results
Participants were divided into two groups: Aß+ (n = 24) and Aß− (n = 44). Except for the SUVr, the two subgroups were comparable. When looking to sleep parameters, increased sleep latency, sleep fragmentation (wake after sleep onset [WASO] score and awakenings) and worst sleep efficiency were associated with cortical brain amyloid load.

Conclusion
Actigraphic sleep parameters were associated with cortical brain amyloid load in participants at risk to develop AD. The detection of sleep abnormalities in those participants may be of interest to propose some preventive strategies.
Intraspecific population admixture of a top piscivore correlates with anthropogenic alteration of freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Eschbach Erik , Nolte Arne Wolfram , Kohlmann Klaus , Alos Josep , Schöning Sandro , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConservation of local genetic diversity is an important policy objective, but intraspecific genetic diversity can be transformed by natural ecological processes associated with anthropogenic changes in ecosystems. Environmental changes and a strong interconnection of drainage systems impact freshwater biodiversity from gene to population level. Populations can either become extinct or expand their range and accompanying secondary contacts can lead to genetic admixture. We investigated how the genetic population structure and the patterns of genetic admixture ofEsox luciusL. (the northern pike) vary with the type of ecosystem and the integrity of the ecosystem assessed by measures under the European Water Framework Directive. The pike inhabits river, lake and brackish water ecosystems, where it is confronted with different ecological disturbances. We analysed 1,384 pike samples from the North, Baltic and Black Sea drainages and differentiated between metapopulations from each hydrogeographic region using genotypes from 15 microsatellites and mitochondrialcyt bsequences. Individual populations showed signs of genetic admixture ranging from almost zero to complete replacement by foreign genotypes. Hierarchical general linear modeling revealed a highly significant positive association of the degree of genetic admixture with decreasing ecological status. This may mean that populations in disturbed environments are more prone to influences by foreign genotypes or, alternatively, increased genetic admixture may indicate adaptation to rapid environmental changes. Regardless of the underlying mechanisms, our results suggest that anthropogenic alterations of natural freshwater ecosystems can influence genetic structures, which may lead to a large-scale reduction of intraspecific genetic diversity.