bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Genotype-by-Environment Interaction in Winter Wheat Growth in Organic Production System
Authors: López Osval Antonio Montesinos- , Baenziger P. Stephen , EskridgeK Kent M. , Little Richard S. , Crúz Eliel Martínez- , Perez Emeterio Franco- 
Published: April 2018

The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of 36 wheat winter (Triticum aestivum L.) lines in organic systems in three locations in Nebraska, to compare the performance of the released cultivars with experimental lines to help in the process of selection, to study the magnitude and behavior of genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield, anthesis date, plant height, protein content, grain volume weight and vegetation index, and to identify the more stable genotypes. Linear mixed models and site regression model was implemented for reaching the objectives of the present research. Genotypic and GE interaction are significant across the three locations for all traits except for anthesis date. Environment were significant for the six traits. Yield is negative correlated with protein content and plant height. In general the genetic correlation explained more of the genotype performance, although the GE interaction was significant. The best genotypes for grain yield across the three environments were genotypes NW03666, SD07165, NE07444 and Overland. For vegetation index the best lines were: Lyman and Buckskin. For grain volume weight the best lines were: Lyman, NW03681, Danby and Goodstreak. For anthesis date all genotypes were similar. For plant height, the best lines were Goodstreak, Buckskin and Clarkscream. For protein content, the best lines were Goodstreak, Karl92, Lyman, and Clarkscream. In general the average grain yield of the experimental lines was better than the released lines. For anthesis date, the performance was similar between experimental and released lines. However, for vegetation index, plant height, grain volume weight and protein content, the average performance of the experimental lines was lower than the released lines.
Halogenation and Perfluoroalkylation Chemistry Using Hypervalent Halogen Compounds
Authors: Katayev Dmitry , Jelier Benson , Togni Antonio 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe introduction of halogenated functional groups by hypervalent iodine(III) reagents has proven to be a popular synthetic method in modern organic chemistry. Such diverse and often unique chemical behavior of iodine(III) compounds originates from their structural and bonding features. In this chapter, we aim to discuss the key structural properties, activation modes, and reactivity trends provided by λ3‐iodane compounds as well as associated challenges therewith. Recent examples of chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective iodine(III)‐mediated halogenation and perfluoroalkylation reactions will be presented with an emphasis on contemporary fluorination and trifluoromethylation protocols.
Quantifying the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Plant Root Colonization by Beneficial Bacteria in a Microfluidic Habitat
Authors: Aufrecht Jayde A. , Timm Collin M. , Bible Amber , Morrell‐Falvey Jennifer L. , Pelletier Dale A. , Doktycz Mitchel J. , Retterer Scott T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractPlant–microbe interactions underpin processes related to soil ecology, plant function, and global carbon cycling. However, quantifying the spatial dynamics of these interactions has proven challenging in natural systems. Currently, microfluidic platforms are at the forefront of innovation for culturing, imaging, and manipulating plants in controlled environments. Using a microfluidic platform to culture plants with beneficial bacteria, visualization and quantification of the spatial dynamics of these interactions during the early stages of plant development is possible. For two plant growth–promoting bacterial isolates, the population of bacterial cells reaches a coverage density of 1–2% of the root's surface at the end of a 4 d observation period regardless of bacterial species or inoculum concentration. The two bacterial species form distinct associations with root tissue through a mechanism that appears to be independent of the presence of the other bacterial species, despite evidence for their competition. Root development changes associated with these bacterial treatments depend on the initial concentrations and species of the bacterial population present. This microfluidic approach provides context for understanding plant–microbe interactions during the early stages of plant development and can be used to generate new hypotheses about physical and biochemical exchanges between plants and their associated microbial communities.
Dual‐Layered Film Protected Lithium Metal Anode to Enable Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition
Authors: Yan Chong , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Tian Yang , Chen Xiang , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Wen‐Jun , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractLithium metal batteries (such as lithium–sulfur, lithium–air, solid state batteries with lithium metal anode) are highly considered as promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the unstable interfaces between lithium anode and electrolyte definitely induce the undesired and uncontrollable growth of lithium dendrites, which results in the short‐circuit and thermal runaway of the rechargeable batteries. Herein, a dual‐layered film is built on a Li metal anode by the immersion of lithium plates into the fluoroethylene carbonate solvent. The ionic conductive film exhibits a compact dual‐layered feature with organic components (ROCO2Li and ROLi) on the top and abundant inorganic components (Li2CO3 and LiF) in the bottom. The dual‐layered interface can protect the Li metal anode from the corrosion of electrolytes and regulate the uniform deposition of Li to achieve a dendrite‐free Li metal anode. This work demonstrates the concept of rational construction of dual‐layered structured interfaces for safe rechargeable batteries through facile surface modification of Li metal anodes. This not only is critically helpful to comprehensively understand the functional mechanism of fluoroethylene carbonate but also affords a facile and efficient method to protect Li metal anodes.
Circular Double‐Patterning Lithography Using a Block Copolymer Template and Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Wan Zhixin , Lee Ha Jin , Kim Hyun Gu , Jo Gyeong Cheon , Park Woon Ik , Ryu Seung Wook , Lee Han‐Bo‐Ram , Kwon Se‐Hun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractA novel and feasible methodology is developed to fabricate well‐ordered, freestanding 1D n‐ZnO/p‐Si nanotube (NT) and nanorod (NR) arrays via double‐patterning technology with block copolymer (BCP) self‐assembly, atomic layer deposition (ALD), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) dry etching. To obtain the well‐ordered NT pattern, a self‐assembled, Si‐containing poly(styrene‐block‐4‐(tert‐butyldimethylsilyl)oxystyrene) BCP on an SU‐8/p‐Si wafer is employed as a template. After n‐ZnO deposition on the self‐assembled BCP template by ALD, an ICP etching process is performed to produce well‐defined, independent n‐ZnO/p‐Si NT arrays. The insights into the nanoarrays presented here are directly applicable to the fabrication of n‐ZnO/p‐Si NT/NR patterns and Si NT/NR patterns by precisely controlling the ALD cycles and ICP etching time. The electrical properties of a single n‐ZnO/p‐Si NT are measured by conductive atomic force microscopy, and the results show the typical rectifying behavior of a nanodiode with superior electrical properties. This simple and useful approach provides a very convenient route for fabricating high‐density nanodiode patterns. Additionally, the possibility of various applications is confirmed by simple analyses, including examinations of contact angle and reflectance. Furthermore, the wettability and antireflection properties can be controlled by changing the nanoarray morphology.
Chinese Knot Inspired Ag Nanowire Membrane for Robust Separation in Water Remediation
Authors: Xiong Zhu , Li Tiantian , Liu Fu , Lin Haibo , Zhong Yun , Meng Qing'an , Fang Qile , Sakil Habib , Song Weijie 
Published: April 2018

AbstractChinese knot is a “traditional handicraft art” in Chinese culture, which is expected to ward off evil spirits and pray for good luck. It is constructed by weaving cords and tying different types of knots firmly. Inspired by Chinese knot, a robust 1D Ag nanowire membrane with nanoscale knots is fabricated to achieve robust catalytic/anti‐bacterial separation. Silver mirror reaction is manipulated to anchor Ag nanowires on a hierarchical polyvinylidene fluoride membrane substrate. The robust Ag nanowire membrane withstands the vigorous cross‐flow hydraulic shear (3000 mL min−1) for 24 h at 0.1 MPa without any physicochemical deterioration. The Chinese knot inspired membrane exhibits extraordinary robustness in continuous catalysis, “kill‐release” anti‐bacteria, oil‐in‐water emulsion, and ultrafiltration separation. This work paves a new way for constructing a robust 1D inorganic nanowire membrane for water remediation applications.
Uncovering the Binding Specificities of Lectins with Cells for Precision Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Based on Multimodal Imaging
Authors: Tian Rongrong , Zhang Hua , Chen Hongda , Liu Guifeng , Wang Zhenxin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThere is a high desire for novel targets/biomarkers to diagnose and treat colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, an approach starting from a polyacrylamide hydrogel–based lectin microarray is presented to screen the high expression of glycans on the CRC cell surface and to identify new lectin biomarkers for CRC. Three common CRC cell lines (SW480, SW620, and HCT116) and one normal colon cell line (NCM460) are profiled on the microarray with 27 lectins. The experimental results reveal that CRC cells highly express the glycans with d‐galactose, d‐glucose, and/or sialic acid residues, and Uelx Europaeus Agglutinin‐I (UEA‐I) exhibits reasonable specificity with SW480 cells. After conjugation of UEA‐I with silica‐coated NaGdF4:Yb3+, Er3+@NaGdF4 upconversion nanoparticles, the follow‐up in vitro and in vivo experiments provide further evidence on that UEA‐I can serve as tumor‐targeting molecule to diagnose SW480 tumor by multimodal imaging including upconversion luminescence imaging, T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging, and X‐ray computed tomography imaging.
Lifetime of Organic Salt Photovoltaics
Authors: Traverse Christopher J. , Chen Pei , Lunt Richard R. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSolar energy deployment can be augmented with the use of wavelength‐selective transparent photovoltaics (PVs). Moving forward, operating lifetime is arguably among the most important challenge that must be addressed to increase commercial viability of these emerging technologies. In this work, the lifetimes of PVs with organic near‐infrared selective small molecules and molecular salts are investigated. This is the first comprehensive lifetime study on devices featuring organic salts with varied counterions. Based on the tunability afforded by anion exchange, an extrapolated lifetime of 7 ± 2 years from continuous illumination measurements on organic salt devices held at the maximum power point is demonstrated. These lifetimes are compared with changes in external quantum efficiency, hydrophobicity, molecular orbital levels, and optical absorption to determine the limiting characteristics and failure mechanisms of PV devices utilizing each donor. A key correlation between the lifetime and the hydrophobicity of the donor layer is uncovered. This could provide a targeted parameter for designing organic molecules and salts with exceptional lifetime and enhanced commercial viability.
Impact of Triplet Excited States on the Open‐Circuit Voltage of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Benduhn Johannes , Piersimoni Fortunato , Londi Giacomo , Kirch Anton , Widmer Johannes , Koerner Christian , Beljonne David , Neher Dieter , Spoltore Donato , Vandewal Koen 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe best organic solar cells (OSCs) achieve comparable peak external quantum efficiencies and fill factors as conventional photovoltaic devices. However, their voltage losses are much higher, in particular those due to nonradiative recombination. To investigate the possible role of triplet states on the donor or acceptor materials in this process, model systems comprising Zn‐ and Cu‐phthalocyanine (Pc), as well as fluorinated versions of these donors, combined with C60 as acceptor are studied. Fluorination allows tuning the energy level alignment between the lowest energy triplet state (T1) and the charge‐transfer (CT) state, while the replacement of Zn by Cu as the central metal in the Pcs leads to a largely enhanced spin–orbit coupling. Only in the latter case, a substantial influence of the triplet state on the nonradiative voltage losses is observed. In contrast, it is found that for a large series of typical OSC materials, the relative energy level alignment between T1 and the CT state does not substantially affect nonradiative voltage losses.
Molecular Insight into the Mg2+‐Dependent Allosteric Control of Indole Prenylation by Aromatic Prenyltransferase AmbP1
Authors: Awakawa Takayoshi , Mori Takahiro , Nakashima Yu , Zhai Rui , Wong Chin Piow , Hillwig Matthew L. , Liu Xinyu , Abe Ikuro 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAmbP1 is a cyanobacterial aromatic prenyltransferase and a dedicated synthase for (R)‐3‐geranyl‐3‐isocyanovinyl indolenine (2), the biogenetic precursor for hapalindole‐type alkaloids. The regioselective geranylation of cis‐indolyl vinyl isonitrile (1) by the standalone AmbP1 to give 2 has been shown to require a magnesium ion (Mg2+) to suppress the formation of cis‐2‐geranylindolyl vinyl isonitrile (3). Here, we report high‐resolution crystal structures of AmbP1 in complex with 1 and geranyl S‐thiodiphosphate (GSPP) in the presence and absence of a Mg2+ effector. The comparative study of these structures revealed a unique allosteric binding site for Mg2+ that modulates the conformation of 1 in the active site of AmbP1 for its selective geranylation. This work defines the structural basis for AmbP1 catalysis in the biogenesis of hapalindole‐type alkaloids and provides the first atomic‐level insight to the allosteric regulation of prenyltransferases.
Engineering the Band Gap States of the Rutile TiO2(110) Surface by Modulating the Active Heteroatom
Authors: Yu Yaoguang , Yang Xu , Zhao Yanling , Zhang Xiangbin , An Liang , Huang Miaoyan , Chen Gang , Zhang Ruiqin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroducing band gap states to TiO2 photocatalysts is an efficient strategy for expanding the range of accessible energy available in the solar spectrum. However, few approaches are able to introduce band gap states and improve photocatalytic performance simultaneously. Introducing band gap states by creating surface disorder can incapacitate reactivity where unambiguous adsorption sites are a prerequisite. An alternative method for introduction of band gap states is demonstrated in which selected heteroatoms are implanted at preferred surface sites. Theoretical prediction and experimental verification reveal that the implanted heteroatoms not only introduce band gap states without creating surface disorder, but also function as active sites for the CrVI reduction reaction. This promising approach may be applicable to the surfaces of other solar harvesting materials where engineered band gap states could be used to tune photophysical and ‐catalytic properties.
Equilibrium and kinetic study of novel methyltrimethoxysilane magnetic titanium dioxide nanocomposite for methylene blue adsorption from aqueous media
Authors: Alizadeh Eslami Parvin , Kamboh Mohammad Afzal , Rashidi Nodeh Hamid , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini 
Published: April 2018

Novel magnetic titanium dioxide nanoparticles decorated with methyltrimethoxysilane (Fe3O4@TiO2‐MTMOS) were successfully fabricated via a sol–gel method at room temperature. The synthesized material was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and vibrating sample magnetometry. The removal efficiency of the adsorbent was evaluated through the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from water samples. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics were evaluated using various models. The Langmuir model indicated a high adsorption capacity (11.5 mg g−1) of Fe3O4@TiO2‐MTMOS. The nanocomposite exhibited high removal efficiency (96%) and good regeneration (10 times) compared to Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@TiO2 at pH = 9.0. Based on the adsorption mechanism, electrostatic interaction plays a main role in adsorption since MB dye is cationic in nature at pH = 9, whereas the adsorbent acquired an anionic nature. The newly synthesized Fe3O4@TiO2‐MTMOS can be used as a promising material for efficient removal of MB dye from aqueous media.
New dimeric Schiff base quinoline complexes: Synthesis, spectral characterization, electrochemistry and cytotoxicity
Authors: Ammar Reda A. , Alaghaz Abdel‐Nasser M.A. , Alturiqi Amani S. 
Published: April 2018

A novel Schiff base ligand (H‐DPPMHQ) derived from 2‐hydrazineylquinoline and 1,3‐diphenyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐5‐carbaldehyde and its dimeric complexes with compositions [Cr(DPPMHQ)Cl]2⋅2Cl and [M(DPPMHQ)Cl]2 (where M = Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II)) have been synthesized and characterized using physicochemical methods like elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity measurements, multispectral techniques and electrochemical studies. The molar conductance data reveal that all metal chelates are non‐electrolytes, except the Cr(III) complex which shows a ΛM value of 146.82 Ω−1 cm2 mol−1, indicating that it is a 1:2 electrolyte. Infrared spectral results show that the metal is organized through four nitrogen atoms (azomethine and deprotonated imine groups, pyrazole and quinoline rings) besides chlorine atoms. The NH proton is also displaced during complexation, as indicated by 1H NMR spectral data. Based on the electron spin resonance and ligand field parameter data, the bonding parameters of these complexes have been calculated. Using Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger equations, thermodynamic parameters were determined. The spectral data indicate that the dimeric complexes have octahedral geometry around the central metal ions. The cytotoxic activities of all compounds were evaluated towards human breast cancer (MCF‐7) and lung cancer (A549) cell lines.
How will the field of gene therapy survive its success?
Authors: Kaemmerer William F. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn August 2017, for the first time, a gene therapy was approved for market release in the United States. That approval was followed by two others before the end of the year. This article cites primary literature, review articles concerning particular biotechnologies, and press releases by the FDA and others in order to provide an overview of the current status of the field of gene therapy with respect to its translation into practice. Technical hurdles that have been overcome in the past decades are summarized, as are hurdles that need to be the subject of continued research. Then, some social and practical challenges are identified that must be overcome if the field of gene therapy, having survived past failures, is to achieve not only technical and clinical but also market success. One of these, the need for an expanded capacity for the manufacturing of viral vectors to be able to meet the needs of additional gene therapies that will be coming soon, is a challenge that the talents of current and future bioengineers may help address.
Vitamin D3 regulates steroidogenesis in granulosa cells through AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in a mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Bakhshalizadeh Shabnam , Amidi Fardin , Shirazi Reza , Shabani Nashtaei Maryam 
Published: April 2018

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder in reproductive‐aged women. Hormonal abnormality caused by steroidogenesis disturbances appears to be the main culprit of the clinical picture in PCOS. Vitamin D3 could regulate steroidogenesis in granulosa cells, but the mechanism of action of vitamin D3 on steroidogenesis remains unknown. AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) has a modulating role in steroid hormone production. We investigated the effect of vitamin D3 on steroidogenesis in cultured granulosa cells of dehydroepiandrosterone‐induced PCOS mice and studied the involvement of AMPK signalling pathway in the current process. Immunoblotting assay showed that vitamin D3 could increase phosphorylation of AMPK alpha and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, main substrate of AMPK. Vitamin D3 and 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐D‐riboside or Aicar (AMPK activator) not only reduced gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes (P450scc or Cyp11a1, StAR, Cyp19a1 and 3B‐HSD), but also reduced production of progesterone and 17B‐estradiol assessed by radioimmunoassay. Pretreatment with compound C (AMPK inhibitor) decreased APMK phosphorylation and eliminated the effects of vitamin D3 and Aicar on steroidogenic enzymes expression and estradiol and progesterone production. This study showed that vitamin D3 has the main role in regulating of steroidogenesis in granulosa cells of mouse polycystic ovary through activation of the AMPK signalling pathway.Significance of the StudyPolycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age. This disorder is partly related to disruption in steroidogenesis pathway and dysregulation of estradiol and progesterone production in granulosa cells of polycystic ovaries. Previously, we have shown that vitamin D3 could modulate steroidogenesis pathway in PCOS granulosa cells. In this study, we investigate the molecular mechanism of vitamin D3 in regulation of steroidogenesis pathway. We have shown that vitamin D3 has a modulating role in steroidogenesis pathway of granulosa cells by regulation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) as an underlying molecular mechanism in mouse polycystic ovary.
Biocatalytic Preparation of Chiral Sulfoxides through Asymmetric Reductive Resolution by Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase A
Authors: Peng Liaotian , Wen Yuanmei , Chen Yu , Yuan Zhimei , Zhou Yang , Cheng Xiaoling , Chen Yongzheng , Yang Jiawei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHere we report an environmentally friendly method for the preparation of chiral sulfoxides under high substrate concentration using recombinant methionine sulfoxide reductase A from Pseudomonas monteilii (pmMsrA) as a biocatalyst. Our results show that this enzyme can effectively accomplish the preparation of (R)‐sulfoxides with approximately 50 % yield and 94–99 % enantiomeric excess through asymmetric reductive resolution of racemic sulfoxide. With the establishment of the enzyme regeneration system, the initial substrate concentration could be increased 40–100 times compared to our original report. The (R)‐sulfoxides were obtained with high enantioselectivity under the substrate concentration up to 200 mm (approximately 32 g L−1), representing a quite high substrate concentration in biocatalytic preparation of chiral sulfoxides. Moreover, this system showed fairly good activity and enantioselectivity towards a series of ortho‐ and para‐substituted phenyl methyl sulfoxides under high substrate concentration.