bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity Characterization of High Oleic Vegetable Oils based Hybrid-Nanofluids Formulated using GnP, TiO2, MoS2, Al2O3 Nanoparticles for MQL Machining
Authors: Okafor Anthony Chukwujekwu , Abor Tobechukwu Kingsley , Valiev Saidanvar Esanjonovich , Ekengwu Ignatius Echezona , Saka Abiodun , Okoronkwo Monday U. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

This paper presents the results of thermal conductivity characterization of six high oleic soybean oil (HOSO) and four high oleic canola oil (HOCO)-based hybrid nanofluids formulated with four types of nanoparticles (Graphene nanoplatelet (xGnP), TiO2, MoS2, and Al2O3) at nanoparticles wt.% concentration from 1–7% in 1% increment using the two-step method for use in MQL machining of difficult-to-cut metals. Thermal conductivity of the formulated hybrid nanofluids were measured using Thermtest Transient Hot Wire (THW-L2) Liquid Thermal Conductivity Meter at temperatures from 25 to 75°C in increment of 10°C. Obtained results showed that thermal conductivity of all nanofluids decreases linearly with temperature, while the thermal conductivity enhancement increases nonlinearly with increase in wt.% concentration. At 7 wt.% nanoparticle concentration, hybrid nanofluids xGnP-TiO2/HOSO gave the highest thermal conductivity enhancement (109.73 and 103.31% at 25 and 75°C) followed by xGnP-TiO2/HOCO (101.36 and 97.52% at 25 and 75°C), xGnP-MoS2/HOCO (101.36 and 97.52% at 25 and 75°C), xGnP-MoS2/HOSO (96.3 and 96.89% at 25 and 75°C), xGnP-Al2O3/HOCO (91.62 and 83.23% at 25 and 75°C), xGnP-Al2O3/HOSO (91.25 and 83.23% at 25 and 75°C). xGnP hybrid nanofluids are recommended for MQL machining. TiO2-MoS2/HOSO, TiO2-MoS2/HOCO, MoS2- Al2O3/HOSO, TiO2-Al2O3/HOSO hybrid nanofluids gave the lowest thermal conductivities and are not recommended as base fluids due to their insignificant thermal conductivity enhancement. Thermal conductivity of the hybrid nanofluids is lower than that of mono-nanofluids, but there are other inherent properties that could be beneficial.
Evolution of cyclic clusters in SiO2 hollow particle shells during heat treatment
Authors: Fursova Tatiana N. , Sukhinina Nadezhda S. , Masalov Vladimir M. , Zverkova Irina I. , Emel’chenko Gennadi A. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The transformation of shell structure of PMMA–SiO2 core-shell particles and hollow SiO2 particles undergoing heat treatment was studied by IR spectroscopy using deconvolution of absorption bands in the frequency range 400–650 cm–1. It was revealed that the changes in the IR absorption spectra during annealing were caused by structural transformation of the particles' material due to its restructuring, including the formation of silica ring clusters of different sizes and changes of their ratio during annealing. The used method of the spectra deconvolution made it possible to consider in more detail the parameters and contributions of the vibration modes of such clusters to the absorption spectra of SiO2. A modified structure of an organosilicon polymer polymer, synthesized through hydrolysis of vinyltrimethoxysilane, which represents a polymer chain of repeating fragments containing four- and three-membered siloxane rings linked by a bridging oxygen atom, is proposed. It has been found that skeletal vibrations of 6-membered silica rings combined with TO1 and LO1 vibration modes make the principal contribution to total IR absorption of the studied samples both in amorphous and in crystal silica structures obtained after annealing.
Epidemiology of temporal trends, drug resistance and effective factors in mycobacterial infections: a seven-year analysis in Masih Daneshvari Hospital
Authors: Mofrad Sahar Sadeghi , Maleknia Mohsen , Ayoubi Saman , Dezhkhi Hoda , Seif Shima , Farnia Parissa , Farnia Poopak , Ghanavi Jalaledin , Velayati Ali Akbar 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Mycobacterial infections pose significant global health challenges. Recent epidemiological shifts have seen an increase in nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections, particularly in developed countries, necessitating a comprehensive analysis of mycobacterial isolates over time. This study analyzed the temporal distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and NTM isolates from 2016 to 2023, examining factors influencing these trends, including sample types, hospital departments, and drug resistance patterns. A retrospective analysis of 20,569 clinical samples collected at Masih Daneshvari Hospital in Tehran, Iran, was conducted. Samples underwent smear microscopy, culture, molecular identification, and drug susceptibility testing. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression to evaluate trends and associations. NTM detection increased significantly over the study period, with a notable surge in 2022 (OR 3.337, 95% CI: 2.456-4.533, p<0.0001 compared to 2016). Sample type and hospital department significantly influenced mycobacterial species identification (p<0.0001). Respiratory specimens were predominant, with sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage comprising 46.4% and 25.1% of samples, respectively. Smear microscopy results were significantly associated with NTM positivity, with 3+ smears showing lower odds of NTM detection compared to 1+ smears (OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.42-0.75, p<0.0001). Drug resistance was observed in a considerable proportion of isolates, with isoniazid showing the highest resistance rate (7.8%, 95% CI: 6.9%-8.8%). The study revealed a significant increase in NTM detection over time, highlighting the need for tailored diagnostic and treatment approaches. The persistence of drug-resistant MTBC isolates underscores the ongoing challenges in tuberculosis management. These results demonstrate the importance of continued surveillance and research into mycobacterial infections to inform public health strategies and clinical practices.
A Technical Examination to Explore Conditional Multimodal Contextual Synthesis in Large Language Models
Authors: Zollner David , Vasiliev Robert , Castellano Brandon , Molnar George , Janssen Philip 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

An unprecedented demand for models that can process, interpret, and respond to complex, multimodal inputs has driven efforts to develop architectures capable of synthesizing contextually coherent and relevant responses across diverse information sources. Addressing this need, Conditional Multimodal Contextual Synthesis (CMCS) presents an innovative approach, introducing a structured framework where multimodal data is dynamically synthesized based on conditional relevance, enabling large language models (LLMs) to process varied data inputs while maintaining robust contextual fidelity. The architecture, which integrates gated attention mechanisms, conditional embeddings, and adaptive memory modules, advances the capabilities of LLMs in generating precise, context-aware responses, allowing seamless prioritization of multimodal information. Experimental results reveal significant gains in coherence, error reduction, and latency efficiency, illustrating that CMCS not only enhances contextual synthesis but also optimizes computational performance under varied complexity conditions. Moreover, the flexibility and open-source design of the CMCS framework demonstrate its adaptability to a broad range of applications where real-time multimodal interaction is essential, highlighting its relevance in advancing language model architectures toward more adaptive and scalable systems. Through rigorous assessment across multiple metrics, CMCS demonstrates considerable improvements over traditional multimodal LLM implementations, reinforcing its potential as a foundational advancement for future research and applications requiring complex contextual processing.
Transcriptome analysis of Stephania yunnanensis and functional validation of CYP80s involved in benzylisoquinoline alkaloids biosynthesis
Authors: Shi Wenlong , Li Qishuang , Li Xinyi , Gan Jingyi , Ma Ying , Wang Jian , Chen Tong , Zhang Yifeng , Su Ping , Ma Xiaohui , Guo Juan , Huang Luqi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The medicinal plant Stephania yunnanensis is rich in aporphine alkaloids, a type of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs), with aporphine being the representative and most abundant compound, but our understanding on the biosynthesis of BIA alkaloids in this plant have been relatively limited. Previous research has reported the genome of S. yunnanensis and preliminarily identified the upstream gene norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) in the BIA biosynthetic pathways. However, the key genes promoting the formation of the aporphine skeleton have not yet been reported. In this study, based on the differences in the content of crebanine and several other BIAs in different tissues, we conducted transcriptome sequencing of roots, stems, and leaves. We then identified candidate genes through functional annotation and sequence alignment, followed by transcriptomic and genomic analyses. Based on this analysis, we identified three CYP80 enzymes (SyCYP80Q5-1, SyCYP80Q5-3, and SyCYP80G6), which exhibited different activities towards (S)- and (R)-configured substrates in S. yunnanensisand demonstrated strict stereoselectivity enroute to aporphine. This study provides metabolomic and transcriptomic information on the biosynthesis of BIAs in S. yunnanensis and offers valuable insights into the elucidation of BIA biosynthesis, and lays the foundation for the complete analysis of pathways for more aporphine alkaloids.
Phosphocreatine in the treatment of chronic heart failure: Case report
Authors: Ostroumova O. D. , Kochetkov A. I. , Telkova S. S. , Arablinskiy A. V. 
Published: November 2024

Currently, there is a steady increase in the prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF), as well as a high mortality rate associated with this condition, despite the implementation of rational pharmacotherapy. The use of quadrotherapy in clinical practice for the treatment of CHF contributes to the blocking of neurohumoral regulation by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathoadrenal systems, which leads to decrease in preand afterload and, respectively, to delayed and partial reverse remodeling of the heart chambers. However, these drugs don’t affect the energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes, which is still impaired in patients at the preclinical stage of CHF. In this regard, an important task of practical healthcare is the search for new schemes of a pathogenetic therapy of CHF. One of the promising directions is an adjuvant therapy, which is represented by phosphocreatine, a drug with a cardioprotective effect, proven in a large number of studies, which ensures the maintenance of myocardial energy metabolism. The use of phosphocreatin prevents further deterioration of the contractile function of the heart in patients with CHF, reduces the degree of damage to the cell membrane, improves microcirculation, and also has antiarrhythmic activity, which is especially significant in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. The drug not only improves the quality of life of patients by reducing the severity of symptoms, but also has been proven to increase myocardial contractility and reduce mortality. The purpose of the clinical case report is the description of adjuvant therapy results in a patient with CHF after using all pharmacotherapy reserves. The clinical case demonstrates the effectiveness of CHF treatment with phosphocreatine, confirmed by data from clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with pheochromocytoma and retroperitoneal paraganglioma
Authors: Rebrova D. V. , Vorokhobina N. V. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. Pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) is a rare hormonally active tumor of chromaffin tissue. Delayed diagnosis of this disease can lead to severe, even fatal, complications. Surgical treatment of PPGL without the necessary preoperative preparation can cause intraoperative uncontrolled hemodynamic impairment. In addition, since 2017, PPGL has been recognized as a malignant tumor due to the presence of metastatic potential. All these factors determine the need for early diagnosis of PPGL, which is based, first of all, on knowledge of the clinical picture by specialists in various fields.Aim. To check and confirm the epidemiological characteristics of PPGL as well as the most common clinical symptoms in the whole group of PPGL and in subgroups of clinical forms; to form a risk group for screening for PPGL.Materials and methods. There were enrolled 353 patients in the study. These patients were operated on at the St. Petersburg State University Hospital in the period from 2010 to 2022 inclusive. All the patients were verified PPGL diagnosis histologically. Clinical symptoms were assessed: a) retrospectively, by analyzing complaints and anamnesis from the initial examination in medical histories upon admission to the hospital for surgical treatment b) both in the entire group as a whole and in subgroups of clinical forms (paroxysmal, constant, mixed, asymptomatic). Statistical analysis was performed using the Python 3.11 programming language (Python Software Foundation, USA). descriptive statistics of quantitative characteristics are presented in the form of medians, first and third quartiles in me format [q1; q3], categorical features – in the form of absolute and relative frequencies in the format n (%). the frequency histogram was constructed using the Matplotlib 3.8.2 library.Results. PPGL is most common in women over 40 years of age. The most common symptoms of PPGL are the following: a feeling of rapid heartbeat (55.95%), headache (41.07%), arterial hypertension (AH) in the form of hypertensive crises (55.65%), constant increase in blood pressure (38.39%), episodes of moderate increases in blood pressure (24.11%), sweating (30.65%), general weakness and fatigue (26.19%), hot flashes or chills (24.11%). These symptoms are formed into the criteria for screening for PPGL. In the asymptomatic clinical form – lower back pain is more common (14%); with paroxysmal – panic attacks (10%); with mixed – thirst and dry mouth (10%), and with constant form – the actual constant nature of hypertension (100%).Conclusion. In a large sample of patients with a rare pathology, the most characteristic symptom complex was identified, characteristic of both PPGL and individual clinical forms. A risk group has been formed for screening for PPGL.
Effect of metformin therapy on the development of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Koroleva I. G. , Sizova Z. M. , Shikh E. V. , Zakharova V. L. , Shindryaeva N. N. , Melnik M. V. 
Published: November 2024

Introduction. For the past decades, metformin has been the drug of choice for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its long-term use leads to a number of side effects, such as the development of vitamin B12 deficiency (VB12).Aim. Assess the safety of metformin use in real clinical practice in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes based on the analysis of the incidence of VB12 deficiency.Materials and methods. Sixty patients with T2DM aged 27 to 65 years were examined in a city polyclinic. The average anamnestic duration of T2DM was 68 [4; 291] months. All patients were on selected hypoglycemic therapy: 19 patients (31.7%) received metformin monotherapy, and 41 patients (68.3%) received metformin as part of combination therapy. The average duration of metformin therapy was 62 [3; 291] months. All patients underwent analysis of the VB12 content in the blood serum depending on the duration of metformin intake. Results. The average VB12 level in the examined patients was 345 [99; 770] pg/ml. Normal VB12 levels were observed in 51 (85%) patients (386 [221; 770] pg/ml), VB12 deficiency (<200 pg/ml) was detected in 9 (15%) patients (146 [99; 195] pg/ml), the differences between VB12 levels were significant (p < 0.05). At the same time, in 37 (61.7%) patients with normal VB12 levels, its values were assessed as borderline (in the range of 200–450 pg/ml), and amounted to 335 [221; 470] pg/ml. VB12 deficiency developed more often in patients taking metformin for more than 1 year (16.7%), borderline VB12 levels were more often found in patients taking metformin for less than a year (58.3%) and more than 5 years (71%). However, the dependence of VB12 levels on the duration of metformin intake was not significant (p > 0.05).Conclusion. Metformin use results in the development of VB12 deficiency in every sixth patient with T2DM, primarily after one year of treatment.
The role of beta blockers in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Chulkov V. S. , Gasanov M. Z. , Azovtseva O. V. , Minina E. E. , Chulkov Vl. S. 
Published: November 2024

Beta-blockers are used to treat various cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and chronic heart failure. They act by suppressing the effects of catecholamines through various pathways and affect heart rate, strength, and renin release, providing antihypertensive and anti-ischemic effects. The individual effects of various drugs on clinical outcomes in this group were determined according to characteristics of the patient, underlying disease, and type of beta-blocker used. In recent years, beta-blockers have faced a serious obstacle when new guidelines on hypertension suggest their use as second-line therapy after angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and slow calcium channel blockers in the absence of clear indications. In fact, these recommendations were based on meta-analyses that showed that beta-blockers have fewer beneficial effects on overall mortality, cardiovascular events, and brain stroke. In addition, according to currently available data, the appointment of beta-blockers for diseases such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and stable coronary heart disease can cause more harm than good outcomes. Bisoprolol is a beta-blocker with the highest selectivity for beta1-adrenergic receptors, which determines the rare frequency of side effects that develop because of its use. This review presents current data on the use of beta-blockers for treating cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on the use of bisoprolol.
Machine learning-based prediction of scour depth evolution around spur dikes
Authors: Tabassum Reshma , Guguloth Sai , Gondu Venkata Ramana , Zakwan Mohammad 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Spur dikes are pivotal elements in river training, serving to mitigate the dynamic alterations induced by river degradation and aggradation. Traditionally, scour prediction models have relied on regression techniques, but the advent of soft computing and machine learning has offered opportunities for enhanced accuracy. This study focuses on the development of hybrid machine-learning models, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), random forest (RF), convolutional neural network–long short-term memory, and artificial neural network, optimized using genetic algorithms to predict both temporal scour depth variation and maximum scour depth around the initial spur dike in a series. The analysis reveals strong associations between scour depth and various parameters such as non-dimensional time, spacing, channel width, time-averaged velocity, and densimetric Froude number. The models are established through an iterative process involving four predictor combinations. Results demonstrate XGBoost as the top-performing model, consistently exhibiting superior performance with R2 of 0.99, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.012, and mean absolute error of 0.008 during training, and R2 of 0.96, RMSE of 0.044, and Kling–Gupta efficiency of 0.98 during testing for predicting temporal scour depth. For non-dimensional maximum scour depth, it reached R2 of 0.99 and RMSE of 0.005 in training, with R2 &gt; 0.91 across all combinations during testing. Although RF showcases commendable accuracy, it slightly lags in precision compared to XGBoost.
Influence of rubber particle inputs on nitrogen removal efficiency of bioretention systems
Authors: Hu Tuanping , Li Wenyi , Xiong Jiaqing , Zhou Jiajia , Xia Qianhe 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Bioretention systems effectively capture rubber particles and other microplastics in stormwater runoff. However, it is uncertain whether long-term particle accumulation affects pollutant removal efficacy. This study investigated the impact of various concentrations of ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) particles (0, 50, 100, and 400 mg/L) on bioretention system nitrogen removal performance. The input of EPDM during short-duration (2 h) rainfall favored the removal of nitrogen, and the total nitrogen effluent concentration of the bioretention system with EPDM was reduced by 0.59–1.52 mg/L compared with that of the system without EPDM. In addition, the input of EPDM reduced the negative effects of drought. During long-duration (24 h) rainfall, higher concentrations of EPDM led to lower nitrate–nitrogen concentrations in the effluent. The bioretention system with EPDM required less time for nitrate–nitrogen removal to reach 50% than that without EPDM input. Microbial community analysis showed that EPDM increased the relative total abundance of denitrifying bacteria (such as Dechloromonas, Zoogloea, Ramlibacter, and Aeromonas) by 7.25–10.26%, which improved the denitrification capacity of the system.