bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast lesion detection and characterization with contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Prospective randomized intraindividual comparison of gadoterate meglumine (0.15 mmol/kg) and gadobenate dimeglumine (0.075 mmol/kg) at 3T
Authors: Clauser Paola , Helbich Thomas H. , Kapetas Panagiotis , Pinker Katja , Bernathova Maria , Woitek Ramona , Kaneider Andreas , Baltzer Pascal A.T. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundContrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI) of the breast is highly sensitive for breast cancer detection. Multichannel coils and 3T scanners can increase signal, spatial, and temporal resolution. In addition, the T1‐reduction effect of a gadolinium‐based contrast agent (GBCA) is higher at 3T. Thus, it might be possible to reduce the dose of GBCA at 3T without losing diagnostic information.PurposeTo compare a three‐quarter (0.075 mmol/kg) dose of the high‐relaxivity GBCA gadobenate dimeglumine, with a 1.5‐fold higher than on‐label dose (0.15 mmol/kg) of gadoterate meglumine for breast lesion detection and characterization at 3T CE‐MRI.Study TypeProspective, randomized, intraindividual comparative study.PopulationEligible were patients with imaging abnormalities (BI‐RADS 0, 4, 5) on conventional imaging. Each patient underwent two examinations, 24–72 hours apart, one with 0.075 mmol/kg gadobenate and the other with 0.15 mmol/kg gadoterate administered in a randomized order. In all, 109 patients were prospectively recruited.Field Strength/Sequence3T MRI with a standard breast protocol (dynamic‐CE, T2w‐TSE, STIR‐T2w, DWI).AssessmentHistopathology was the standard of reference. Three blinded, off‐site breast radiologists evaluated the examinations using the BI‐RADS lexicon.Statistical TestsLesion detection, sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated per‐lesion and per‐region, and compared by univariate and multivariate analysis (Generalized Estimating Equations, GEE).ResultsFive patients were excluded, leaving 104 women with 142 histologically verified breast lesions (109 malignant, 33 benign) available for evaluation. Lesion detection with gadobenate (84.5‐88.7%) was not inferior to gadoterate (84.5–90.8%) (P ≥ 0.165). At per‐region analysis, gadobenate demonstrated higher specificity (96.4–98.7% vs. 92.6–97.3%, P ≤ 0.007) and accuracy (96.3–97.8% vs. 93.6–96.1%, P ≤ 0.001) compared with gadoterate. Multivariate analysis demonstrated superior, reader‐independent diagnostic accuracy with gadobenate (odds ratio = 1.7, P < 0.001 using GEE).Data ConclusionA 0.075 mmol/kg dose of the high‐relaxivity contrast agent gadobenate was not inferior to a 0.15 mmol/kg dose of gadoterate for breast lesion detection. Gadobenate allowed increased specificity and accuracy.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1157–1165.
Hyperbaric storage at variable room temperature – a new preservation methodology for minced meat compared to refrigeration
Authors: Fernandes Pedro AR , Moreira Sílvia A , Santos Mauro D , Duarte Ricardo V , Santos Diana I , Inácio Rita S , Alves Susana P , Bessa Rui JB , Delgadillo Ivonne , Saraiva Jorge A 
Published: December 2018

AbstractHyperbaric storage (HS) at variable room temperature (RT) has been proposed as an alternative to refrigeration at atmospheric pressure (RF/AP) for food preservation. Little information is available regarding the effect of HS in meat products. In this study the RT/HS effect was evaluated at 100 MPa and variable RT (≈20 °C) for minced meat preservation up to 24 h, initially for one batch. A further two different batches were studied independently. Microbiological and physicochemical parameters were analyzed to assess the feasibility of RT/HS, using storage at RF/AP and variable RT/AP (≈20 °C), for comparison. A post‐hyperbaric storage (post‐HS) was also tested over 4 days at RF/AP. For the first batch the results showed that RT/HS allowed a decrease of the total aerobic mesophile value (P < 0.05) when compared to the initial sample, whereas at RF/AP and RT/AP, values increased to > 6 Log CFU g−1 after 24 h. Similarly, Enterobacteriaceae increased > 1 and > 2 Log CFU g−1 at RF/AP and RT/AP, respectively, while yeasts and molds presented similar and lower overall loads compared to the initial samples for all storage conditions, whereas RT/HS always allowed lower counts to be obtained. Regarding pH, lipid oxidation, and color parameters, RT/HS did not cause significant changes when compared to RF/AP, except after 24 h, where pH increased. The three batches presented similar results, the differences observed being mainly due to the heterogeneity of the samples. RT/HS is a potential quasi‐energetic costless alternative to RF for at least short‐term preservation of minced meat. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Two Higgs doublets and a complex singlet: disentangling the decay topologies and associated phenomenology
Authors: Baum Sebastian , Shah Nausheen R. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe present a systematic study of an extension of the Standard Model (SM) with two Higgs doublets and one complex singlet (2HDM+S). In order to gain analytical understanding of the parameter space, we re-parameterize the 27 parameters in the Lagrangian by quantities more closely related to physical observables: physical masses, mixing angles, trilinear and quadratic couplings, and vacuum expectation values. Embedding the 125 GeV SM-like Higgs boson observed at the LHC places stringent constraints on the parameter space. In particular, the mixing of the SM-like interaction state with the remaining states is severely constrained, requiring approximate alignment without decoupling in the region of parameter space where the additional Higgs bosons are light enough to be accessible at the LHC. In contrast to 2HDM models, large branching ratios of the heavy Higgs bosons into two lighter Higgs bosons or a light Higgs and aZboson, so-called Higgs cascade decays, are ubiquitous in the 2HDM+S. Using currently available limits, future projections, and our own collider simulations, we show that combining different final states arising from Higgs cascades would allow to probe most of the interesting region of parameter space with Higgs boson masses up to 1 TeV at the LHC withL= 3000 fb−1of data.
Evidence for Stable Holocene Basin‐Scale Overturning Circulation Despite Variable Currents Along the Deep Western Boundary of the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Hoffmann Sharon S. , McManus Jerry F. , Swank Emerson 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhile substantial changes in thermohaline circulation related to deglacial climate variability are well established, the role of this circulation in Holocene climate variability remains uncertain. Here we use two dynamical proxies, 231Pa/230Th ratios and mean sortable silt size (
), to reconstruct Holocene bottom water circulation at the intermediate‐depth Carolina Slope. We find no substantial change in deep current speed or 231Pa export at this site during the Holocene, suggesting consistent 231Pa export via the Deep Western Boundary Current.
shows increasing millennial‐scale variability in the middle‐late Holocene, which may reflect Labrador Sea Water contribution to current speed. We conclude that deepwater export from the North Atlantic has remained remarkably stable during the Holocene, decoupled from changing rates of specific water masses, while production of these water masses varied at millennial to centennial time scales. The persistence of the large‐scale overturning may reflect the ocean's stabilizing influence on Holocene climate.
Climatology and Anomaly of the Quasi‐Two‐Day Wave Behaviors During 2003–2018 Austral Summer Periods
Authors: Gu Sheng‐Yang , Dou Xian‐Kang , Yang Cheng‐Yun , Jia Mingjiao , Huang Kai‐Ming , Huang Chun‐Ming , Zhang Shao‐Dong 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry satellite instrument has been measuring the mesospheric global temperature since February 2002, providing the longest continuous data set to statistically study the climatology and anomaly of the quasi‐two‐day waves (QTDWs), including the westward zonal wave number 2 (W2), 3 (W3), and 4 (W4) modes. It is found that the W2 QTDW generally peaks earliest, followed by the W3 mode with the W4 QTDW being amplified lastly. This temporal pattern is always disordered during the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) periods. The temperature oscillations of the QTDW usually peak at nearly the same period at different altitudes and different latitudes for a certain case but would be different from year to year. The statistical results show that the periods of the W2 QTDWs are more frequently observed to be at 45–48 hr and the periods of the W3 mode are mostly confined between 45 and 52 hr. Nevertheless, the oscillations of the W4 QTDW peak more dispersedly between 41 and 56 hr. The W3 QTDW is usually the strongest among the three modes, whereas it is sometimes equal to or even weaker than W2 and W4 QTDWs, especially during SSW periods. Besides, we found that the vertical distribution of the W3 QTDW splits into a bimodal structure during the SSW periods of 2006 and 2011. And the solar cycle trend of the QTDWs is frequently disturbed by a 2‐ to 5‐year variability, which seems to be a common feature for all the QTDW modes.
Evaluating Cloud Feedbacks and Rapid Responses in the ACCESS Model
Authors: Colman Robert , Brown Josephine R. , Franklin Charmaine , Hanson Lawson , Ye Harvey , Zelinka Mark D. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractA cloud feedback diagnostic package is implemented in the Australian Community Climate and Earth‐System Simulator General Circulation Model, based on the methodology of “cloud radiative kernels.” Using separate increased sea surface temperature and CO2 experiments, both the “rapid response” cloud contribution to forcing and temperature‐mediated cloud feedbacks are analyzed. Under increased temperature and CO2 changes, temperature‐mediated cloud radiative feedback dominates over the rapid response in the final radiative response. Cloud feedback is positive in both long and short wave, with short wave dominating global values. Contributing most to this are low to mid‐level clouds, of medium‐to‐high optical thickness. As a means of illustration of the methodology, a number of key parameters related to clouds, precipitation, and convection that are typically used in “tuning” in the model are modified. These changes result in substantial impacts on the model's current climate, but only modest changes to rapid response and feedbacks occur globally, regionally, and as a function of cloud optical thickness and height. This limited set of experiments shows that cloud adjustments and feedbacks in this model are robust under these changes, lending confidence that both model climate change projections and the conclusions of attribution studies are not overly sensitive to such parameterization tuning. Of course, a considerably larger set of experiments would be needed to demonstrate that feedbacks and rapid response are robust under the wider set of tuning adjustments commonly undertaken.
Phase Functions of Typical Lunar Surface Minerals Derived for the Hapke Model and Implications for Visible to Near‐Infrared Spectral Unmixing
Authors: Yang Yazhou , Li Shuai , Milliken Ralph E. , Zhang Hao , Robertson Kevin , Hiroi Takahiro 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLaboratory spectrophotometric measurements of minerals common on the lunar surface (olivine, pyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite) are measured over a wavelength range of 0.4 to 2.5 μm to better understand the effects of the particle phase function (PF; P[g]) on the application of Hapke's radiative transfer model to reflectance spectra of lunar materials. One objective of this work is to determine if accounting for wavelength‐dependent photometric effects can improve spectral estimates of mineral abundance in lunar materials, particularly that of ilmenite. We also discuss a two‐step calibration method to correct for the non‐Lambertian behavior and wavelength dependence of the common reference standard Spectralon. Both a two‐term Legendre polynomial representation of the PF and the Henyey‐Greenstein PF are examined. We use our results to apply the Hapke radiative transfer model to reflectance spectra of lab mixtures and test the effects of different PF characteristics and assumptions. Laboratory spectra indicate that ilmenite exhibits more backward scattering behavior compared with silicate minerals, which are more forward scattering. We find that the variations in PF can affect derived single‐scattering albedo values and thus spectral unmixing results. Because single‐scattering contribution dominates the reflectance properties of dark minerals such as ilmenite, large uncertainties in derived single‐scattering albedo values can be introduced by small changes in PFs. However, it is observed that the use of a wavelength‐dependent PF does not produce significant differences in spectral unmixing results for binary and ternary silicate mixtures.
Dynamic Hyporheic Zones: Exploring the Role of Peak Flow Events on Bedform‐Induced Hyporheic Exchange
Authors: Singh Tanu , Wu Liwen , Gomez‐Velez Jesus D. , Lewandowski Jörg , Hannah David M. , Krause Stefan 
Published: December 2018

AbstractDischarge varies in space and time, driving hyporheic exchange processes in river corridors that affect biogeochemical cycling and ultimately control the dynamics of biogeochemical hot spots and hot moments. Herein, we use a reduced‐order model to conduct the systematic analysis of the interplay between discharge variability (peak flow intensities, duration, and skewness) and streambed topography (bedform aspect ratios and channel slopes) and their role in the flow and transport characteristics of hyporheic zones (HZs). We use a simple and robust conceptualization of single peak flow events for a series of periodic sinusoidal bedforms. Using the model, we estimate the spatial extent of the HZ, the total amount of exchange, and the residence time of water and solutes within the reactive environment and its duration relative to typical time scales for oxygen consumption (i.e., a measure of the denitrification potential). Our results demonstrate that HZ expansion and contraction is controlled by events yet modulated by ambient groundwater flow. Even though the change in hyporheic exchange flux (%) relative to baseflow conditions is invariant for different values of channel slopes, absolute magnitudes varied substantially. Primarily, peak flow events cause more discharge of older water for the higher aspect ratios (i.e., for dunes and ripples) and lower channel slopes. Variations in residence times during peak flow events lead to the development of larger areas of potential nitrification and denitrification in the HZ for longer durations. These findings have potential implications for river management and restoration, particularly the need for (re)consideration of the importance of hyporheic exchange under dynamic flow conditions.
The Bias‐Detecting Ensemble: A New and Efficient Technique for Dynamically Incorporating Observations Into Physics‐Based, Multilayer Snow Models
Authors: Winstral A. , Magnusson J. , Schirmer M. , Jonas T. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe reliance on distributed energy‐ and mass‐balance snow models as runoff forecasting tools has been increasing. Compared to traditional, conceptual forecasting approaches, these physics‐based tools are robust to conditions that deviate from historic norms and offer improved performance in potentially dangerous rain‐on‐snow events. The physics‐based simulations, however, depend on a large suite of accurate forcing data. Current numerical weather prediction products are capable of supplying the full range of required data, but systematic biases are often present. Data assimilation presents a means of compensating for such errors as well as potential snow model errors, yet currently available data assimilation techniques have limited usefulness in these snow models. This study introduced an alternative technique that similarly uses observations to update and improve simulations. As such, it is the first method to incorporate point snow observations in a fully distributed, physics‐based, multilayer snow model while conserving mass and maintaining physically consistent layer states that are in accord with observations. At the core of this technique is an ensemble of predetermined perturbations to the model forcings termed the bias‐detecting ensemble. Ensemble members were evaluated using observed snow depths to ascertain potential biases at nearly 300 sites across Switzerland. The bias assessments were distributed to 38 independent sites and incorporated into the model. Tests were conducted over three winter seasons using two numerical weather prediction‐based products with varying quality. Averaged across the 38 sites and 3 seasons, the Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency score for bias‐detecting ensemble‐corrected snow depth was 0.98 compared to 0.81 without the bias‐detecting ensemble method.
Non‐isolated high‐voltage gain dual‐input DC/DC converter with a ZVT auxiliary circuit
Authors: Zhu Binxin , Zeng Qingdian , Vilathgamuwa Don Mahinda , Li Yang , She Xiaoli 
Published: December 2018

A non‐isolated high‐voltage gain dual‐input DC/DC converter with a zero voltage turn‐off (ZVT) auxiliary circuit has been presented. Two photovoltaic (PV) modules can be connected to the proposed converter with separate maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The cost of whole PV power generation system can be decreased significantly as a single converter is employed instead of two converters. All switches can achieve ZVT by an auxiliary circuit, and turn‐off switching losses can be decreased and the efficiency of the converter can be improved. Working principle and performance characteristics of the proposed converter are analysed in detail, a dual‐input maximum power point tracking control algorithm has been designed for the proposed converter. An 800 W experimental prototype has been built to verify the theoretical analysis.
Motion of metallic particle near the conical insulator of UHVAC gas‐insulated transmission line
Authors: Sun Gang , Zhang Bo , Zhong Jianying , Guo Yujing , Liu Hongyu 
Published: December 2018

The UHV gas‐insulated transmission line (GIL) has the advantages of large transmission capacity, high operation reliability, and environmental friendliness. It is suitable for the power transmission of hydropower stations and nuclear power stations and the restricted environmental or geographical conditions. China is constructing a single‐phase length of 5.8 km from Suzhou to Nantong UHVAC GIL over the Yangtze River project. However, due to the large size of the UHV GIL, the long standard units, and the large capacity, it is of great significance to study the motion of metallic particles near the disc insulator for the safety and stability of UHV GIL. Taking the typical insulation structure of UHVAC GIL as an example, a numerical model of the movement of spherical metal particles near the conical insulator was established. The influence of different initial positions, different loading voltages, and different particle quality on the motion characteristics of the particles was analysed. The conclusions of the study provide theoretical support for the design of insulation structure and engineering application of UHVAC GIL.
Waiting to make an impact: a probable excess of near-Earth asteroids in 2018 LA-like orbits
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. 
Published: December 2018

Context.The discovery and tracking of 2018 LA marks only the third instance in history that the parent body of a fireball has been identified before its eventual disintegration in our atmosphere. The subsequent recovery of meteorites from 2018 LA was only the second time materials from outer space that reached the ground could be linked with certitude to a particular minor body. However, meteoroids like 2018 LA and its forerunners, 2008 TC3and 2014 AA, are perhaps fragments of larger members of the near-Earth object (NEO) population. As the processes leading to the production of such fragments are unlikely to spawn just one meteoroid per event, it is important to identify putative siblings and plausible candidates from which the observed meteoroids might have originated.Aims.Here, we study the pre-impact orbital evolution of 2018 LA to place this meteoroid within the dynamical context of other NEOs that follow similar trajectories.Methods.Our statistical analyses are based on the results of directN-body calculations that use the latest orbit determinations and include perturbations by the eight major planets, the Moon, the barycentre of the Pluto–Charon system, and the three largest asteroids. A state-of-the-art NEO orbit model was used to interpret our findings and a randomization test was applied to estimate their statistical significance.Results.We find a statistically significant excess of NEOs in 2018 LA-like orbits; among these objects, we find one impactor, 2018 LA, and the fourth closest known passer-by, 2018 UA. A possible connection with theχ-Scorpiids meteor shower is also discussed. The largest known NEO with an orbit similar to that of 2018 LA is the potentially hazardous asteroid (454100) 2013 BO73and we speculate that they both originate from a common precursor via a collisional cascade.Conclusions.Future spectroscopic observations of 454100 and other NEOs in similar orbits may confirm or deny a possible physical relationship with 2018 LA.
Disappearance of the extended main sequence turn-off in intermediate age clusters as a consequence of magnetic braking
Authors: Georgy C. , Charbonnel C. , Amard L. , Bastian N. , Ekström S. , Lardo C. , Palacios A. , Eggenberger P. , Cabrera-Ziri I. , Gallet F. , Lagarde N. 
Published: December 2018

Context. Extended main sequence turn-offs are features commonly found in the colour-magnitude diagrams of young and intermediate age (less than about 2 Gyr) massive star clusters, where the main sequence turn-off is broader than can be explained by photometric uncertainties, crowding, or binarity. Rotation is suspected to be the cause of this feature, by accumulating fast rotating stars, strongly affected by gravity darkening and rotation-induced mixing, near the main sequence turn-off. This scenario successfully reproduces the tight relation between the age and the actual extent in luminosity of the extended main sequence turn-off of observed clusters.
Aims. Below a given mass (dependent on the metallicity), stars are efficiently braked early on the main sequence due to the interaction of stellar winds and the surface magnetic field, making their tracks converge towards those of non-rotating tracks in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. When these stars are located at the turn-off of a cluster, their slow rotation causes the extended main sequence turn-off feature to disappear. We investigate the maximal mass for which this braking occurs at different metallicities, and determine the age above which no extended main sequence turn-off is expected in clusters.
Methods. We used two sets of stellar models (computed with two different stellar evolution codes: STAREVOL and the Geneva stellar evolution code) including the effects of rotation and magnetic braking, at three different metallicities. We implemented them in the SYCLIST toolbox to compute isochrones and then determined the extent of the extended main sequence turn-off at different ages.
Results. Our models predict that the extended main sequence turn-off phenomenon disappears at ages older than about 2 Gyr. There is a trend with the metallicity, the age at which the disappearance occurs becoming older at higher metallicity. These results are robust between the two codes used in this work, despite some differences in the input physics and in particular in the detailed description of rotation-induced internal processes and of angular momentum extraction by stellar winds.
Conclusions. Comparing our results with clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud and Galaxy shows a very good fit to the observations. This strengthens the rotation scenario to explain the cause of the extended main sequence turn-off phenomenon.