bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endothelial KLF11 is a novel protector against diabetic atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhao Guizhen , Zhao Yang , Liang Wenying , Lu Haocheng , Liu Hongyu , Deng Yongjie , Zhu Tianqing , Guo Yanhong , Chang Lin , Garcia-Barrio Minerva T. , Chen Y. Eugene , Zhang Jifeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients, with endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction serving as the initiating step of atherosclerosis, which is exacerbated in diabetes. Krüppel-like factor 11 (KLF11), known for its missense mutations leading to the development of diabetes in humans, has also been identified as a novel protector of vascular homeostasis. However, its role in diabetic atherosclerosis remains unexplored.

Methods
Diabetic atherosclerosis was induced in both EC-specific KLF11 transgenic and knockout mice in the Ldlr−/− background by feeding a diabetogenic diet with cholesterol (DDC). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was utilized to profile EC dysfunction in diabetic atherosclerosis. Additionally, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to investigate the role of KLF11 in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial cell dysfunction.

Results
We found that endothelial KLF11 deficiency significantly accelerates atherogenesis under diabetic conditions, whereas KLF11 overexpression remarkably inhibits it. scRNA-seq profiling demonstrates that loss of KLF11 increases endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during atherogenesis under diabetic conditions. Utilizing gain- and loss-of-function approaches, our in vitro study reveals that KLF11 significantly inhibits EC inflammatory activation and TXNIP-induced EC oxidative stress, as well as Notch1/Snail-mediated EndMT under high glucose exposure.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that endothelial KLF11 is an endogenous protective factor against diabetic atherosclerosis. These findings indicate that manipulating KLF11 could be a promising approach for developing novel therapies for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications.
The probability density function of the surface electromyogram and its dependence on contraction force in the vastus lateralis
Authors: Rodriguez-Falces Javier , Malanda Armando , Mariscal Cristina , Recalde Silvia , Navallas Javier 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The probability density function (PDF) of the surface electromyogram (sEMG) depends on contraction force. This dependence, however, has so far been investigated by having the subject generate force at a few fixed percentages of MVC. Here, we examined how the shape of the sEMG PDF changes with contraction force when this force was gradually increased from zero.

Methods
Voluntary surface EMG signals were recorded from the vastus lateralis of healthy subjects as force was increased in a continuous manner vs. in a step-wise fashion. The sEMG filling process was examined by measuring the EMG filling factor, computed from the non-central moments of the rectified sEMG signal.

Results
(1) In 84% of the subjects, as contraction force increased from 0 to 10% MVC, the sEMG PDF shape oscillated back and forth between the semi-degenerate and the Gaussian distribution.
(2) The PDF–force relation varied greatly among subjects for forces between 0 and ~ 10% MVC, but this variability was largely reduced for forces above 10% MVC.
(3) The pooled analysis showed that, as contraction force gradually increased, the sEMG PDF evolved rapidly from the semi-degenerate towards the Laplacian distribution from 0 to 5% MVC, and then more slowly from the Laplacian towards the Gaussian distribution for higher forces.

Conclusions
The study demonstrated that the dependence of the sEMG PDF shape on contraction force can only be reliably assessed by gradually increasing force from zero, and not by performing a few constant-force contractions. The study also showed that the PDF–force relation differed greatly among individuals for contraction forces below 10% MVC, but this variability was largely reduced when force increased above 10% MVC.
Plasma lipids and glycaemic indices in Australians following plant-based diets versus a meat-eating diet
Authors: Austin Grace , Ferguson Jessica J. A. , Eslick Shaun , Oldmeadow Christopher , Wood Lisa G. , Garg Manohar L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Vegan and vegetarian dietary patterns are known to beneficially modulate risk factors for cardiovascular disease; however, the current literature does not differentiate between various plant-based diets. This study aimed to examine the association between various plant-based diets and plasma lipids and glycaemic indices compared to a regular meat-eating diet.

Methods
A cross-sectional study of Australian adults (n = 230) aged 30-75yrs habitually consuming the following were recruited: vegan, lacto-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, semi-vegetarian, or regular meat-eater. Multivariable regression analysis was used to adjust for covariates.

Results
Compared to regular meat-eaters, vegans had significantly lower total cholesterol (-0.77mmol/L,95% CI -1.15, -0.39, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, -0.71mmol/L, 95% CI -1.05, -0.38, P < 0.001), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C, -0.75mmol/L, 95% CI -1.11, -0.39, P < 0.001), total cholesterol/HDL-C-ratio (-0.49mmol/L, 95% CI -0.87, -0.11, P = 0.012), fasting blood glucose (FBG, -0.29mmol/L, 95% CI -0.53, -0.06, P = 0.014), haemoglobin A1C (-1.85mmol/mol, 95% CI -3.00, -0.71, P = 0.002) and insulin (-1.76mU/L, 95% CI -3.26, -0.26, P = 0.021) concentrations. Semi-vegetarians had significantly lower LDL-C (-0.41mmol/L, 95% CI -0.74, -0.08, P = 0.041) and non-HDL-C (-0.40mmol/L, 95% CI -0.76, -0.05, P = 0.026) and lacto-ovo vegetarians had significantly lower FBG (-0.34mmol/L, 95% CI -0.56, -0.11, P = 0.003) compared to regular meat-eaters. There were no differences in HDL-C and triglycerides between plant-based and regular-meat diets.

Conclusions
Plasma lipaemic and glycaemic measures as a collective were more favourable among vegans, whereas among lacto-ovo vegetarians and semi-vegetarians, only some measures were favourable.

Trial registration
ACTRN12621000743864. Date 6/11/2021.
Self-confidence as a mediator in the relationship between executive functioning and depression among ICU survivors: a latent variable analysis
Authors: Johannesson Elias , Malmgren Johan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Executive dysfunction and depression are common among ICU survivors, yet the mechanisms linking these two factors remain poorly understood. Self-confidence has been implicated as a key mediator in the relationship between cognitive impairments and mental health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the mediating role of self-confidence in the association between executive functioning and depression in ICU survivors.

Method
A provisional questionnaire was used in a cross-sectional study to assess quality of life in 395 adult ICU survivors, each with a minimum 72-h stay at one of three ICUs at a Swedish university hospital, six months to three years post-discharge. Responses to questions on executive function, self-confidence, and depression were analysed. Structural equation modelling and confirmatory factor analysis were employed to examine the mediating effect of self-confidence on the relationship between executive function and depression. Model fit was evaluated using established indicators. Reliability of the measures was assessed using McDonald’s Omega and Cronbach’s Alpha.

Results
A significant positive correlation was found between depressive symptoms and both diminished self-confidence (r = 0.80, p < 0.001) and poorer executive function (r = 0.55, p < 0.001). Additionally, a correlation was observed between reduced self-confidence and compromised executive function (r = 0.62, p < 0.001). Age was negatively associated with depression, self-confidence, and executive function, while male gender was positively correlated with higher self-confidence.
Mediation analysis revealed that the effect of impaired executive function on depressive symptoms was fully mediated by diminished self-confidence (B = 0.45; 95% CI 0.34–0.59). The direct effect of executive function on depression became non-significant when self-confidence was included in the model (B = 0.07, p = 0.18), suggesting complete mediation. The overall model fit was satisfactory (CFI = 0.962; RMSEA = 0.075), highlighting the robustness of the mediation pathway.

Conclusions
Self-confidence mediates the relationship between executive function and depression among ICU survivors. Interventions aimed at enhancing self-confidence could mitigate depressive symptoms in the ICU survivor population. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings and further explore the causal pathways involved.
Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Ref# NCT02767180; Registered 28 April 2016.
A single treatment with a fluralaner injectable suspension (Bravecto® injectable) provides 1-year efficacy against Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Ctenocephalides felis in dogs
Authors: Raulf Marie-Kristin , Raue Katharina , Schwarz Anna , Petersen Ivo , Zschiesche Eva , Heinau Lea , Strube Christina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) and Ctenocephalides felis are among the most important year-round ectoparasites of dogs. The persistent efficacy of one treatment with fluralaner injectable suspension (Bravecto® 150 mg/ml powder and solvent for suspension for dogs, referred to as Bravecto® injectable) was investigated in a negative-controlled, randomised, partially blinded 12-month laboratory study.

Methods
A total of 20 dogs were randomly allocated to two equal groups (treatment and control). Treatment-group dogs were injected subcutaneously on study day 0 with the investigational veterinary product at the recommended dose of 15 mg fluralaner/kg body weight (0.1 mL/kg), whereas the control group dogs received saline solution (0.1 mL/kg). Each dog was infested with 50 (25 female, 25 male) adult R. sanguineus s.l. and 100 adult C. felis 2 days before treatment, 5 and 28 days after treatment, and then once monthly for a 12-month period. Live tick and flea counts were performed 48 h after treatment or subsequent infestation, respectively. Efficacy was determined by comparing arithmetic means of the treatment group tick and flea counts with those of the control group. Infestation was considered adequate if at least 25.0% of ticks and 40.0% of fleas were recovered from at least six dogs in the control group at the respective assessment times.

Results
Adequate R. sanguineus s.l. and C. felis infestations of control group dogs were observed at each time point. Arithmetic mean treatment group values were significantly lower than those of the control group at all time points. The immediate efficacy when treating existing infestations of R. sanguineus s.l. and C. felis (infestation 2 days before treatment), was 49.7% and 89.7%, respectively. The persistent efficacy against post-treatment re-infestations was 94.4–100% against R. sanguineus s.l. and 92.2–100% against C. felis. Seven dogs in the control group developed flea allergy dermatitis due to the repeated re-infestations over the study period, whereas no dogs in the treatment group were affected. No clinically relevant side effects were observed over the entire study period.

Conclusions
The fluralaner injectable suspension (Bravecto® injectable) provides 1 year of efficacy against R. sanguineus s.l. and C. felis infestations in dogs following a single treatment, allowing once-yearly treatment, which can significantly improve owner compliance with year-round protection of dogs.

Graphical Abstract
N-glycosylation of the envelope glycoprotein I is essential for the proliferation and virulence of the duck plague virus
Authors: Ning Yaru , Wang Mingshu , Cheng Anchun , Yang Qiao , Tian Bin , Ou Xumin , Sun Di , He Yu , Wu Zhen , Zhao Xinxin , Zhang Shaqiu , Wu Ying , Huang Juan , Yu Yanling , Zhang Ling , Jia Renyong , Liu Mafeng , Zhu Dekang , Chen Shun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuck plague virus (DPV) causes the highly pathogenic duck plague, and the envelope glycoprotein I (gI), as one of the key virulence genes, has not yet had its critical virulence sites identified through screening. This study used reverse genetics technology to target the gI, specifically within the DPV genome. Four DPV mutants with gI N-glycosylation site mutations were designed and constructed, and these mutant strains were successfully rescued. Our results confirmed that three asparagine residues of gI (N69, N78, and N265) are N-glycosylation sites, and western blot analysis substantiated that glycosylation at each predicted N-glycosylation site was compromised. The deglycosylation of gI leads to the protein misfolding and subsequent retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The subsequent deglycosylated gI is carried into the Golgi apparatus (GM130) in the interaction of gE. Compared to the parental virus, the mutated virus shows a 66.3% reduction in intercellular transmission capability. In ducks, the deglycosylation of gI significantly reduces DPV replication in vivo, thereby weakening the virulence of DPV. This study represents the first successful creation of a weak DPV virus strain by specific mutation at the N-glycosylation site. The findings provide a foundational understanding of DPV pathogenesis and form the basis for developing live attenuated vaccines against the disease.
Early sedation using ciprofol for intensive care unit patients requiring mechanical ventilation: a pooled post-hoc analysis of data from phase 2 and phase 3 trials
Authors: Liu Yongjun , Zuo Lingyun , Li Xiaoyun , Nie Yao , Chen Chuanxi , Liu Ning , Chen Minying , Wu Jianfeng , Guan Xiangdong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Ciprofol was approved for use in intensive care unit (ICU) patients requiring sedation during mechanical ventilation in July 2022. A pooled post-hoc analysis of phase 2 and phase 3 trials was conducted primarily to explore hypotension-free outcome in ICU patients who required mechanical ventilation and achieved the target light sedation goal at an early stage after being sedated with ciprofol or propofol.

Methods
All eligible ICU patients who were expected to require sedation for 6–24 h were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to either a ciprofol or propofol group. Ciprofol or propofol was initially infused at loading doses of 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg followed by maintenance doses of 0.3 or 1.5 mg/kg/h. Ciprofol or propofol dosages were adjusted up or down at rates of 0.05–0.10 mg/kg/h or 0.25–0.50 mg/kg/h, respectively, to achieve the target light sedation (a Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale of -2 to + 1). The primary post-hoc outcome was the hypotension-free rate in patients who had achieved the target sedation goal after 30-min administration of ciprofol or propofol.

Results
In total, 174 patients were enrolled for pooled post-hoc analysis, of whom 116 and 58 were assigned to the ciprofol and propofol groups, respectively. The hypotension-free rate was significantly higher in patients who achieved the target sedation goal after 30-min administration of ciprofol (93.0% vs. 81.0%, P = 0.018), and especially in the subgroups of males and patients aged < 65 years. Multivariable analysis revealed that ciprofol treatment, a younger age and lower baseline body mass index were independent favorable predictors for a higher hypotension-free rate in patients who achieved the target sedation goal after 30-min of drug administration. Moreover, hypotension-free patients who reached the target sedation level after 30 min had a more favorable short-term prognosis including a lower incidence of drug-related treatment-emergent adverse events, shorter time to extubation and fewer dose adjustments of ciprofol or propofol (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion
ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilation and sedated with ciprofol had significantly lower rate of hypotension during the early phase of achieving light sedation during a 6–24 h period, leading to a more favorable short-term prognosis (within 24 h).

Trial registration
Phase 2 trial (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04147416. Registered November 1, 2019, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04147416) and phase 3 trial (clinicaltrials.gov, NCT04620031. Registered November 6, 2020, https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04620031).
Successful management of anaphylactic shock prior to elective cesarean delivery: a case report
Authors: Watanabe Kaede , Najid Nazuha Mohd , Mazda Yusuke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Anaphylactic cardiovascular collapse is complicated by aortocaval compression during pregnancy, exacerbated by neuraxial anesthesia. Despite recommendations to administer perioperative antibiotics before anesthesia, common practice in Japan involves administering them after anesthesia induction. We report a case of possible antibiotics-induced anaphylaxis just before anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

Case presentation
A 24-year-old woman at 37 weeks of gestation presented for a scheduled repeat cesarean under spinal anesthesia. After starting administration of cefazolin prior to anesthesia, she developed anaphylactic symptoms. Hypotension refractory to adrenaline necessitated conversion to an emergency cesarean section under general anesthesia. A neonate was delivered with favorable Apgar scores. Post-delivery, the mother’s hemodynamics stabilized significantly. Elevated plasma tryptase confirmed anaphylaxis. Both mother and infant were discharged without further complications.

Conclusions
This case emphasizes the importance of administering prophylactic antibiotic before anesthesia in mitigating severity of shock induced by anaphylaxis and the crucial role of prompt emergency cesarean in achieving successful outcomes.
German recordings from a forgotten Gaeltacht
Authors: Drisceoil Proinsias Ó 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the first half of the twentieth century, Irish continued to be spoken as a community language in Ballybacon, south-west Tipperary, Ireland. A commission, Coimisiún na Gaeltachta, was appointed in 1925 by the three-year-old Free State government to designate Gaeltacht (Irish-speaking area) boundaries and to recommend social, economic and educational improvements therein. Ballybacon (Baile Uí Bhéacáin), was part of its remit and the commission deemed it to be 66% Irish-speaking; as the government had set an 80% threshold for full Gaeltacht status, Ballybacon was deemed to be a breac-Ghaeltacht or ‘partly Irish-speaking district’.
The recording work of Albert Doegen (1877–1967) is discussed with particular reference to a single Ballybacon native, James Lyons or Séamas Ó Liatháin (1877–1934), who is placed in his linguistic, geographical and social context and in the context of state policy towards Irish-speaking districts.
The recordings made of his speech by Doegen have been transcribed and translated.
On the issue of the development of adjective degree forms in the Western Lithuanian and Latvian dialects
Authors: Kiseliūnaitė Dalia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the Lithuanian and Latvian languages, forms of adjective degrees do not have a common etymological basis. The New Curonian (Kuresnieku) language which is a relatively new Baltic geolect has preserved a fairly distinct archaic layer of phonetics and grammar, where one can look not only for the archaisms of the western dialects of the Latvian language but also for traces of the substrate of Old Curonian. Although synthetic forms of the degrees of adjectives with the suffix -āk- are used in the current Latvian language area they are almost unknown in New Curonian. The forms of the comparative degree are made with the particle juo and an adjective of the positive degree. Analytical forms with the pronoun visu and the pronominal form of an adjective express the superlative degree. In the western Latvian and Lithuanian dialects and the Livonian language in Latvia, the relics of the analytical forms of the comparative and superlative degree are recorded in written sources and rarely in modern spoken language. Since a large part of the western dialects of the Lithuanian and Latvian languages take up the former territory of the old tribe, it may be assumed that the analytical forms of adjective degrees are possibly a sign of the substrate of Old Curonian.
Frequency Conditions in the Description of Historical Phonological Dialectal Differences
Authors: Bába Barbara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The primary and direct source material for describing phonological dialectal differences is represented by linguistic data found in charters. The source value of the data in particular charters for historical linguistics, however, may vary greatly. This is especially true for the earliest attested era, the early Old Hungarian period, which lasted from 895 to 1350. My study deals with the usability of linguistic records of the early Old Hungarian period. In this period the data found in charters are mainly proper names: place names and personal names, accordingly my examples are also of this category.
Language standardization and railway-walking distance. Levenshtein distance and distribution in GAJ
Authors: Inoue Fumio , Yarimizu Kanetaka 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, new quantitative methods were applied to elucidate the geographical distribution of Japanese dialects. (1) Regional differences (individual differences) of usage rate of standard language at each locality in GAJ (Grammar Atlas of Japanese Dialects) were dealt with. (2) In addition to the railway distance from Tokyo to each locality, the walking distance from the railway stations to the survey localities was measured and used as the “railway-walking distance”. (3) Using a scatter-plot in what is called a “limestone cave model”, the values on the axis of standard language usage were reversed, and the Japan Islands were divided into east and west according to their direction from Tokyo. It showed that the standard language usage rate and distance show a proportional relationship even at each locality (individual informant) value. (4) Focusing on the prefectures near Tokyo, the distance from Tokyo regulates the usage rate. From this, the rapid spread of standard language from modern Tokyo and influence of railway can be ascertained. It was found that the phenomena pointed out by the average values by prefectures of vocabulary items in LAJ are valid to the data for each locality (individual) of GAJ.
Linguistic Study of Some Properties and Phonological Processes of Jooshani Dialect of Persian
Authors: Attarzadeh Muhammad , Rouhparvar Rahimeh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Jooshani dialect belongs to the Jooshan village, one of the villages of Golbaf town in Kerman city, Iran. The study tries to linguistically investigate and analyze the phonological processes of Jooshani. It also tries to present some grammatical and lexical features of this dialect. Here, Jooshani features are compared with those of Standard Persian (SP) and Kermani. The data have been gathered during nine years by one of the authors living in Jooshan and through close relations with the informants, most of whom were old, illiterate, and untraveled. The data are presented in three main parts: phonological system and phonological processes (metathesis, insertion, elision, lenition, spirantization, alternation, assimilation and devoicing), noun word-formation, and lexicon. The results obtained in each part showed that there are considerable differences between this language variety and the Standard Persian in all of the three above-mentioned parts.