bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovering heritable modes of MEG spectral power
Authors: Leppäaho Eemeli , Renvall Hanna , Salmela Elina , Kere Juha , Salmelin Riitta , Kaski Samuel 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBrain structure and many brain functions are known to be genetically controlled, but direct links between neuroimaging measures and their underlying cellular‐level determinants remain largely undiscovered. Here, we adopt a novel computational method for examining potential similarities in high‐dimensional brain imaging data between siblings. We examine oscillatory brain activity measured with magnetoencephalography (MEG) in 201 healthy siblings and apply Bayesian reduced‐rank regression to extract a low‐dimensional representation of familial features in the participants' spectral power structure. Our results show that the structure of the overall spectral power at 1–90 Hz is a highly conspicuous feature that not only relates siblings to each other but also has very high consistency within participants' own data, irrespective of the exact experimental state of the participant. The analysis is extended by seeking genetic associations for low‐dimensional descriptions of the oscillatory brain activity. The observed variability in the MEG spectral power structure was associated with SDK1 (sidekick cell adhesion molecule 1) and suggestively with several other genes that function, for example, in brain development. The current results highlight the potential of sophisticated computational methods in combining molecular and neuroimaging levels for exploring brain functions, even for high‐dimensional data limited to a few hundred participants.
Critical role of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission in the central mechanisms of theta‐burst stimulation
Authors: Li Cheng‐Ta , Huang Ying‐Zu , Bai Ya‐Mei , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Su Tung‐Ping , Cheng Chih‐Ming 
Published: January 2019

AbstractTheta‐burst stimulation (TBS) is a varied form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and has more rapid and powerful effects than rTMS. Experiments on the human motor cortex have demonstrated that intermittent TBS has facilitatory effects, whereas continuous TBS has inhibitory effects. Huang's simplified model provides a solid basis for elucidating such after‐effects. However, evidence increasingly indicates that not all after‐effects of TBS are as expected, and high variability among individuals has been observed. Studies have suggested that the GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission play a vital role in the aforementioned after‐effects, which might explain the interindividual differences in these after‐effects. Herein, we reviewed the latest findings on TBS from animal and human experiments on glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions in response to TBS. Furthermore, an updated theoretical model integrating glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmissions is proposed.
Possible Contribution of Wnt-Responsive Chondroprogenitors to the Postnatal Murine Growth Plate
Authors: Usami Yu , Gunawardena Aruni T , Francois Noelle B , Otsuru Satoru , Takano Hajime , Hirose Katsutoshi , Matsuoka Masatake , Suzuki Akiko , Huang Jiahui , Qin Ling , Iwamoto Masahiro , Yang Wentian , Toyosawa Satoru , Enomoto-Iwamoto Motomi 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT

Active cell proliferation and turnover in the growth plate is essential for embryonic and postnatal bone growth. We performed a lineage tracing of Wnt/β-catenin signaling responsive cells (Wnt-responsive cells) using Axin2CreERT2;Rosa26ZsGreen mice and found a novel cell population that resides in the outermost layer of the growth plate facing the Ranvier's groove (RG; the perichondrium adjacent to growth plate). These Wnt-responsive cells rapidly expanded and contributed to formation of the outer growth plate from the neonatal to the growing stage but stopped expanding at the young adult stage when bone longitudinal growth ceases. In addition, a second Wnt-responsive sporadic cell population was localized within the resting zone of the central part of the growth plate during the postnatal growth phase. While it induced ectopic chondrogenesis in the RG, ablation of β-catenin in the Wnt-responsive cells strongly inhibited expansion of their descendants toward the growth plate. These findings indicate that the Wnt-responsive cell population in the outermost layer of the growth plate is a unique cell source of chondroprogenitors involving lateral growth of the growth plate and suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates function of skeletal progenitors in a site- and stage-specific manner. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Abstract
The Wnt-responsive cells in the outermost layer of growth plate, labeled by the Axin2CreER;RosaZsGreen mouse system, expand and contribute to formation of the outer growth plate from the neonatal to the growing stage.
Low expression of microRNA‐340 confers adverse clinical outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Wang Qi , Feng Tao , Xu Jun , Miao Mei‐Hua , Ji Xue‐Qiang , Zhu Hong , Shao Xue‐Jun 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMicroRNA‐340 (miR‐340) was considered as a tumor suppressor by affecting cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration, and was downregulated in diverse cancers. Moreover, dysregulation of miR‐340 was also found to be associated with drug resistance and predicted patients’ survival in various cancers. Herein, we investigated miR‐340 expression and its clinical significance in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect miR‐340 expression in bone marrow (BM) from 99 newly diagnosed AML patients except for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), 19 AML patients achieved complete remission (CR), and 29 healthy donors. BM miR‐340 expression was significantly underexpressed in newly diagnosed AML patients as compared with controls (p = 0.031) and AML patients achieved CR (p = 0.025). No significant differences were observed between miR‐340 expression and most of the clinicopathologic features (p > 0.05). However, low miR‐340 expression was found to be associated with lower CR rate in both non‐APL‐AML and cytogenetically normal AML (CN‐AML; p = 0.001 and 0.031, respectively), and acted as an independent risk factor for CR by logistic regression analysis (p = 0.001 and 0.021, respectively). More important, among both non‐APL‐AML and CN‐AML, low expression of miR‐340 was also associated with shorter overall survival (OS; p = 0.013 and 0.005, respectively), and was further validated by Cox regression (p = 0.031 and 0.039, respectively). Collectively, our study showed that BM miR‐340 expression was downregulated in AML, and low expression of miR‐340 correlated with adverse prognosis.
Counseling Canadian Indigenous Peoples: The Therapeutic Alliance and Outcome
Authors: Shaw Sidney L. , Lombardero Anayansi , Babins‐Wagner Robbie , Sommers‐Flanagan John 
Published: January 2019

The aim of this study was to determine whether client therapeutic alliance ratings and client symptom severity were predictors of counseling outcomes among Canadian Indigenous clients. Participants included 179 Canadian Indigenous clients who completed an outcome measure at the 1st and last sessions and an alliance measure at both the 2nd and 3rd sessions. Results indicated that higher client alliance ratings at Sessions 2 and 3 and baseline client symptom severity were significant predictors of outcome.El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar si las valoraciones del cliente de la alianza terapéutica y la severidad de los síntomas del cliente fueron indicadores de los resultados de la consejería entre clientes indígenas canadienses. Los participantes incluyeron 179 clientes indígenas canadienses que completaron una medida de resultados en la primera y última sesión, además de una medida de la alianza en la segunda y tercera sesión. Los resultados indicaron que unas valoraciones del cliente más altas de la alianza en las sesiones 2 y 3 y la severidad preliminar de los síntomas del cliente fueron indicadores significativos del resultado.
Study of the cyanoacrylate fuming mechanism by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: O'Neill Kelly C. , Lee Young Jin 
Published: January 2019

AbstractDespite cyanoacrylate fuming being widely used in the forensic science field, its mechanism is not well understood. In this study, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry is used to study latent fingerprints that have been cyanoacrylate fumed in an attempt to gain insight into the fuming mechanism. In the negative mode mass spectrometry data, four compounds related to the polymerization of cyanoacrylate are identified and their structures are determined from accurate mass and MS/MS. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of these compounds that are regarded as intermediates in the polymerization reaction. In addition, based on the fuming of standard endogenous compounds, we suggest that fatty acids and amino acids are the major catalytic nucleophiles that initiate the polymerization reactions.
Nonlinear current source charge scheme for comparator based switched capacitor integrator
Authors: Valianpour Ehsan , Chaharmahali Iman , Biabanifard Sadegh 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe continuous development of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology makes it difficult to design high speed and low power amplifiers. One of the appropriate alternatives is comparator‐based circuits. In this paper, a modified structure for comparator‐based switched‐capacitor integrator is presented. This structure increases the clock frequency considerably by using a nonlinear current source. The proposed integrator involves replacing the two linear current sources in conventional comparator‐based switched‐capacitor integrator with just one nonlinear current source. Also, the new logic part is presented, which reduces the circuit size and power dissipation consequently. The suggested circuit reduces integration dependency to the logic part while decreases charge transfer phases to just a single phase. According to the proposed structure, a first order comparator‐based switched‐capacitor integrator is designed in 0.18 μm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology with a 100 MHz as the clock frequency.
Gasdermin D serves as a key executioner of pyroptosis in experimental cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model both in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Zhang Dongping , Qian Jinhong , Zhang Peng , Li Haiying , Shen Haitao , Li Xiang , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2019

AbstractEven though ischemic stroke is among the leading causes of death worldwide, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying ischemia reperfusion (I/R) brain injury remain unclear. Gasdermin D (GSDMD), as an important factor of pyroptotic death execution downstream of caspase‐11 (noncanonical inflammasome) and caspase‐1 (canonical inflammasome), may be implicated in I/R injury. The current study aimed to investigate the role and possible underlying mechanisms of GSDMD in pyroptosis during I/R injury. Results indicated that the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptors (NLR family) pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes were assembled and activated after middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R), leading to increased levels of IL‐1β and IL‐18. Additionally, GSDMD levels were elevated, and its N‐terminal fragment (GSDMD‐N) was cleaved to induce pyroptosis after MCAO/R, which was partly dependent on caspase‐1 activation and its Asp280 amino acid site. Furthermore, it was found that GSDMD‐N could bind to membrane lipids and exhibit membrane‐disrupting cytotoxicity, depending on its Glu15 and Leu156 amino acid sites. Nevertheless, the C‐terminal fragment of gasdermin (GSDMD‐C) exhibited an auto‐inhibitory effect on GSDMD‐N‐induced pyroptosis via binding to GSDMD in the cytoplasm. Taken together, this information suggests that GSDMD may participate in caspase‐1‐mediated pyroptosis during I/R injury both in vivo and in vitro, which could be a potential therapeutic target to reduce brain I/R injury.
Biochar properties and soil type drive the uptake of macro‐ and micronutrients in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Bornø Marie Louise , Müller-Stöver Dorette Sophie , Liu Fulai 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe use of biochar in agriculture is a promising management tool to mitigate soil degradation and anthropogenic climate change. However, biochar effects on soil nutrient bioavailability are complex and several concurrent processes affecting nutrient bioavailability can occur in biochar‐amended soils. In a short‐term pot experiment, the concentration of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn, B, Fe, and Na in the shoots of maize grown in three different soil types [sandy soil (S1), sandy loam (S2), and sandy clay loam (S3)] was investigated. The soils were either unamended or amended with two different biochars [wheat straw biochar (SBC) or pine wood biochar (WBC)] at two P fertilizer regimes (–/+ P). We used three‐way ANOVA and Principal Component Analyses (PCA) of transformed ionomic data to identify the effects of biochar, soil, and P fertilizer on the shoot nutrient concentrations. Three distinct effects of biochar on the shoot ionome were detected: (1) both biochars added excess K to all three soils causing an antagonistic effect on the uptake of Ca and Mg in maize shoots. (2) Mn uptake was affected by biochar with varying effects depending on the combined effect of biochar and soil properties. (3) WBC increased maize uptake of B, despite the fact that WBC increased soil pH and added additional calcite to the soil, which would be expected to reduce B bioavailability. The results of this study highlight the fact that the bioavailability of several macro and micronutrients is affected by biochar application to soil and that these effects depend on the combined effect of biochar and soils with different properties.
Application of fabric phase sorptive extraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in selected vegetable samples
Authors: Kaur Ramandeep , Kaur Ripneel , Rani Susheela , Malik Ashok Kumar , Kabir Abuzar , Furton Kenneth G. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractIn the present work, a high‐efficiency and solvent minimized microextraction technique, fabric phase sorptive extraction followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis is proposed for the rapid determination of four organophosphorus pesticides (terbufos, malathion, chlorpyrifos, and triazofos) in vegetable samples including beans, tomato, brinjal, and cabbage. Fabric phase sorptive extraction combines the beneficial features of sol‐gel derived microextraction sorbents with the rich surface chemistry of cellulose fabric substrate, which collectively form a highly efficient microextraction system. Fabric phase sorptive extraction membrane, when immersed directly into the sample matrix, may extract target analytes even when high percentage of matrix interferents are present. The technique also greatly simplifies sample preparation workflow. Most important fabric phase sorptive extraction parameters were investigated and optimized. The developed method displayed good linearity over the concentration range 0.5–500 ng/g. Under optimum experimental conditions, the limits of detection were found in the range of 0.033 to 0.136 ng/g. The relative standard deviations for the extraction of organophosphorus pesticides were < 5%. Subsequently, the new method was applied to beans, tomato, brinjal, and cabbage samples. The results from the real sample analysis indicate that the method is green, rapid, and economically feasible for the determination of organophosphorus pesticides in vegetable samples.
Carbon outwelling and outgassing vs. burial in an estuarine tidal creek surrounded by mangrove and saltmarsh wetlands
Authors: Santos Isaac R. , Maher Damien T. , Larkin Reece , Webb Jackie R. , Sanders Christian J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMangrove‐ and saltmarsh‐dominated estuaries have high rates of organic carbon burial. Here, we estimate soil, pore water, and surface‐water carbon fluxes in an Australian estuarine tidal creek to assess whether (1) advective pore water exchange releases some of the soil carbon, (2) outwelling (lateral exports) represents a major carbon sequestration mechanism, and (3) methane emissions offset soil carbon sequestration. A radon (222Rn) mass balance implied tidally driven pore‐water exchange rates ranging from 5.5 ± 3.6 to 15.6 ± 8.1 cm d−1. Pore water exchange explained most of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and methane surface‐water fluxes but not dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity. Organic carbon burial in soils derived from 239 + 240Pu dating was 11–63 g C m−2 yr−1. Methane and carbon dioxide emissions at the water–air interface were 0.27 ± 0.03 and 63 ± 166 mmol m−2 d−1, respectively. When calculated as CO2‐equivalents, aquatic CH4 emissions converted to 19–94 g C‐CO2 m−2 yr−1. Upscaling methane and soil carbon fluxes to representative areas revealed that CH4 emissions could offset < 5% of soil carbon burial. DIC outwelling (12 ± 6 mmol m−2 catchment d−1) was less than five‐fold greater than DOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) outwelling and four‐fold greater than catchment‐wide carbon burial. Because much of this DIC remains in the ocean after air–water equilibration, lateral DIC exports may represent an important long‐term carbon sink. Recent research has focused on quantifying carbon burial rates in blue carbon habitats such as saltmarshes and mangroves. We suggest that DIC outwelling and methane outgassing should also be considered when assessing the carbon sequestration capacity of these coastal vegetated habitats.
Mannobiose‐Grafting Shifts PEI Charge and Biphasic Dependence on pH
Authors: Basu Saswati , Venable Richard M. , Rice Bria , Ogharandukun Eric , Klauda Jeffery B. , Pastor Richard W. , Chandran Preethi L. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractHow the 4% grafting of mannobiose alters the properties of the polyelectrolyte, linear polyethylenimine (PEI), which has protonable amines and is used widely for complexing DNA, is investigated. The pH‐dependence of the PEI charge, zeta potential, and hydrodynamic radius changes when the polymer charge increases beyond 50–60%. According to MD simulations, this transition in pH‐ or charge‐ dependence is a short‐range structural response to amine protonation (i.e., change in intrinsic persistence length) rather than a longer‐range charge‐repulsion response. Upon mannobiosylation, the 50% charge state of PEI shifts from ≈pH 6 toward ≈pH 4. The protonability of PEI is lowered and restricted to limited charge states. These mannobiosylation‐induced shifts are reversed by salt and uncharged chaotropes, indicating that hydrogen‐bonding interactions fostered by the grafted sugars are lowering the protonation pKa of PEI. These findings have broad implications for the analytical modeling of polyelectrolytes, the design of PEI‐based gene‐delivery systems, and for understanding how oligosaccharides modify cell and protein surfaces.
Unknown mutations and genotype/phenotype correlations of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis in patients from Saudi Arabia and Pakistan
Authors: Lima Cunha Dulce , Alakloby Omar Mohammed , Gruber Robert , Kakar Naseebullah , Ahmad Jamil , Alawbathani Salem , Plank Roswitha , Eckl Katja , Krabichler Birgit , Altmüller Janine , Nürnberg Peter , Zschocke Johannes , Borck Guntram , Schmuth Matthias , Alabdulkareem Adnan S. , Abdulaziz Alnutaifi Kholood , Hennies Hans Christian 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAutosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis (ARCI) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous skin disease, associated with defects in the skin permeability barrier. Several but not all genes with underlying mutations have been identified, but a clear correlation between genetic causes and clinical picture has not been described to date.MethodsOur study included 19 families from Saudi Arabia, Yemen, and Pakistan. All patients were born to consanguineous parents and diagnosed with ARCI. Mutations were analyzed by homozygosity mapping and direct sequencing.ResultsWe have detected mutations in all families in five different genes: TGM1, ABCA12, CYP4F22, NIPAL4, and ALOXE3. Five likely pathogenic variants were unknown so far, a splice site and a missense variant in TGM1, a splice site variant in NIPAL4, and missense variants in ABCA12 and CYP4F22. We attributed TGM1 and ABCA12 mutations to the most severe forms of lamellar and erythematous ichthyoses, respectively, regardless of treatment. Other mutations highlighted the presence of a phenotypic spectrum in ARCI.ConclusionOur results contribute to expanding the mutational spectrum of ARCI and revealed new insights into genotype/phenotype correlations. The findings are instrumental for a faster and more precise diagnosis, a better understanding of the pathophysiology, and the definition of targets for more specific therapies for ARCI.
Tag der Organischen Chemie an der
Authors: Laschat Sabine 
Published: January 2019

AbstractMitte Oktober 2018 fand zum 22. Mal der Tag der Organischen Chemie an der Universität Stuttgart statt. Doktoranden, Arbeitsgruppenleiter und Vertreter der Industrie hatten hier Gelegenheit, sich auszutauschen; zwölf Doktoranden präsentierten in Kurzvorträgen ihre Forschungsergebnisse.
Reaktionen im kontinuierlichen Strom
Authors: Breugst Martin , König Jonas 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSollen Reaktionen möglichst sauber, schnell, ökonomisch, sicher oder leicht skalierbar sein, lassen sich auch im Forschungslabor Durchflussreaktoren nutzen. Denn Flow Chemistry ist nicht nur für großtechnische Produktionen sinnvoll, sondern eignet sich auch für kleinere Ansätze.
50 Jahre Mitgliedschaft in der CG/GDCh – Wir gratulieren!
Authors: Bräutigam Maximilian , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Koch Wolfram 
Published: January 2019

AbstractZu Beginn des Internationalen Jahres des Periodensystems 2019 gratulieren wir herzlich unseren Kolleginnen und Kollegen zu ihren Goldenen Jubiläen in der GDCh bzw. zu ihren 50‐jährigen Mitgliedschaften in der Chemischen Gesellschaft der DDR (CG) und nach der Wiedervereinigung in der GDCh:
Noninvasive fetal electrocardiography for the detection of fetal arrhythmias
Authors: Behar Joachim A. , Bonnemains Laurent , Shulgin Vyacheslav , Oster Julien , Ostras Oleksii , Lakhno Igor 
Published: January 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (NI‐FECG) enables the diagnosis of fetal arrhythmias.MethodsA total of 500 echocardiography and NI‐FECG recordings were collected from pregnant women during a routine medical visit in this multicenter study. All the cases with fetal arrhythmias (n = 12) and a matching number of control (n = 14) were used. Two perinatal cardiologists analyzed the extracted NI‐FECG while blinded to the echocardiography. The NI‐FECG‐based diagnosis was compared with the reference fetal echocardiography diagnosis.ResultsNI‐FECG and fetal echocardiography agreed on all cases (Ac = 100%) on the presence of an arrhythmia or not. However, in one case, the type of arrhythmia identified by the NI‐FECG was incorrect because of the low resolution of the extracted fetal P‐wave, which prevented resolving the mechanism (2:1 atrioventricular conduction) of the atrial tachycardia.ConclusionIt is possible to diagnose fetal arrhythmias using the NI‐FECG technique. However, this study identifies that improvement in algorithms for reconstructing the P‐wave is critical to systematically resolve the mechanisms underlying the arrhythmias. The elaboration of a NI‐FECG Holter device will offer new opportunities for fetal diagnosis and remote monitoring of problematic pregnancies because of its low‐cost, noninvasiveness, portability, and minimal setup requirements.