bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panulirus echinatus population in the Brazilian oceanic ecosystem Rocas Atoll
Authors: Gaeta Juliana , Cruz Raúl 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
In Rocas Atoll (03°51′S 033°48′W) a most abundant population of Panulirus echinatus Smith, 1869 was observed during free dives. Numbers of males and females were almost the same, with an overall sex ratio M : F = 1.1. In addition, males are larger than females, with a mean male carapace length (CL) of 92.6 ± 1.8 mm, while the female mean CL was 72.7 ± 1.0 mm and for both sex combined the mean CL was 83.1 ± 1.4 mm. The percentage of females breeding, i.e., with a spermatophore mass or eggs, was 75.1%. More information is needed to better understand the fluctuation in densities over a year cycle, the reproduction period, and differences in CL between males and females, as well as other aspects of the biology of this species. The present work and future information could help to formulate fisheries policies aimed at protecting P. echinatus stocks.
Forficatocaris odeteae n. sp., a new Parastenocarididae (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) from a high-altitude pond in Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: Moreira Raquel A. , Eskinazi-Sant’Anna Eneida M. , Previattelli Daniel 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
A new species of harpacticoid copepod, genus Forficatocaris (F. odeteae n. sp.) is described from a high-altitude pond at the Itacolomi National Park near Ouro Preto city, Minas Gerais state, Brazil. The main characters distinguishing the new species from F. affinis Dussart, 1983 and F. lilianae Noodt, 1972 are: (i) distal portion of exopod 1 of male leg 4 with stout spinules; (ii) male leg 5 lateral spine stout and with blunt apex; (iii) endopod of leg 4 curved outwards, but “c” shaped (not forming a straight angle); (iv) female with dorsal spinule row on anal somite larger than in congeners, ventral ornaments smaller and less numerous; and (v) the shape of the modified spine located at the leg 1 endopod 1 of the male; and (vi) the spine of leg 5 in males and females.
From Italian Pushbacks to Libyan Pullbacks: Is Hirsi 2.0 in the Making in Strasbourg?
Authors: Pijnenburg Annick 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article discusses the application that was recently lodged with the European Court of Human Rights alleging that Italy is responsible for its involvement in pullbacks by the Libyan coast guard. It places the case in the wider context of migration control policies and the Hirsi case in particular. The article examines different pullback scenarios which feature in the application lodged with the Court, and discusses different ways in which the Court can address the issues raised. The analysis focuses particularly on the question whether the Court is likely to find that Italy exercises jurisdiction and whether Italy could incur derived responsibility for its involvement in the pullbacks. The article concludes by suggesting that holding Italy responsible would require the Court to move beyond established precedent in its case-law. Although this is a move which can be difficult to make given the political tide in Europe, it would not be the first time that the Court takes its case-law, and thereby human rights protection, a step further.
Deep Convective Organization, Moisture Vertical Structure, and Convective Transition Using Deep-Inflow Mixing
Authors: Schiro Kathleen A. , Neelin J. David 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
It is an open question whether an integrated measure of buoyancy can yield a strong relation to precipitation across tropical land and ocean, across the seasonal and diurnal cycles, and for varying degrees of convective organization. Building on previous work, entraining plume buoyancy calculations reveal that differences in convective onset as a function of column water vapor (CWV) over land and ocean, as well as seasonally and diurnally over land, are largely due to variability in the contribution of lower-tropospheric humidity to the total column moisture. Over land, the relationship between deep convection and lower-free-tropospheric moisture is robust across all seasons and times of day, whereas the relation to boundary layer moisture is robust for the daytime only. Using S-band radar, these transition statistics are examined separately for mesoscale and smaller-scale convection. The probability of observing mesoscale convective systems sharply increases as a function of lower-free-tropospheric humidity. The consistency of this with buoyancy-based parameterization is examined for several mixing formulations. Mixing corresponding to deep inflow of environmental air into a plume that grows with height, which incorporates nearly equal weighting of boundary layer and free-tropospheric air, yields buoyancies consistent with the observed onset of deep convection across the seasonal and diurnal cycles in the Amazon. Furthermore, it provides relationships that are as strong or stronger for mesoscale-organized convection as for smaller-scale convection.
Representation of Western Disturbances in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Hunt Kieran M. R. , Turner Andrew G. , Shaffrey Len C. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWestern disturbances (WDs) are synoptic extratropical disturbances embedded in the subtropical westerly jet stream. They are an integral part of the South Asian winter climate, both for the agriculture-supporting precipitation they bring to the region and for the associated isolated extreme events that can induce devastating flash flooding. Here, WD behavior and impacts are characterized in 23 CMIP5 historical simulations and compared with reanalysis and observations. It is found that WD frequency has a strong relationship with model resolution: higher-resolution models produce significantly more WDs and a disproportionately high fraction of extreme events. Exploring metrics of jet strength and shape, we find that the most probable cause of this relationship is that the jet is wider in models with coarser resolution, and therefore the northern edge in which WDs are spun up sits too far north of India. The frequency of WDs in both winter and summer is found to be overestimated by most models, and thus the winter frequency of WDs estimated from the multimodel mean (30 per winter) is above the reanalysis mean (26 per winter). In this case, the error cannot be adequately explained by local jet position and strength. Instead, we show that it is linked with a positive bias in upstream midtropospheric baroclinicity. Despite a positive winter precipitation bias in CMIP5 models over most of India and Pakistan and a dry bias in the western Himalayas, the fraction of winter precipitation for which WDs are responsible is accurately represented. Using partial correlation, it is shown that the overestimation in WD frequency is the largest contributor to this bias, with a secondary, spatially heterogeneous contribution coming from the overestimation of WD intensity.
Impacts of Targeted AERI and Doppler Lidar Wind Retrievals on Short-Term Forecasts of the Initiation and Early Evolution of Thunderstorms
Authors: Coniglio Michael C. , Romine Glen S. , Turner David D. , Torn Ryan D. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe ability of Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) and Doppler lidar (DL) wind profile observations to impact short-term forecasts of convection is explored by assimilating retrievals into a partially cycled convection-allowing ensemble analysis and forecast system. AERI and DL retrievals were obtained over 12 days using a mobile platform that was deployed in the preconvective and near-storm environments of thunderstorms during the afternoon in the U.S. Great Plains. The observation locations were guided by real-time ensemble sensitivity analysis (ESA) fields. AERI retrievals of temperature and dewpoint and DL retrievals of the horizontal wind components were assimilated into a control experiment that only assimilated conventional observations. Using the fractions skill score within 25-km neighborhoods, it is found that the assimilation of the AERI and DL retrievals results in far more times when the forecasts are improved than degraded in the 6-h forecast period. However, statistical confidence in the improvements often is not high and little to no relationships between the ESA fields and the actual changes in spread and skill is found. But, the focus on convective initiation and early convective evolution—a challenging forecast problem—and the fact that frequent improvements were seen despite observations from only one system over a limited period, provides encouragement to continue exploring the benefits of ground-based profilers to supplement the current upper-air observing system for severe weather forecasting applications.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (Wound VAC) in the Treatment of Chylous Fistula After Neck Dissection
Authors: Dorneden Ashley , Olson Garth , Boyd Nathan 
Published: January 2019

Objectives: Cervical chylous fistula is an uncommon but potentially severe occurrence associated with neck surgery. Methods for treating this problem have inconsistent efficacy and may result in lengthy hospital stays. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is a highly effective tool in the management of complex wounds. We report 3 cases where NPWT was successfully used to treat chylous fistulas following neck dissection. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 3 patients who developed chylous fistulas after neck dissection and were successfully treated with NPWT. Results: Chylous ouput ceased within 2 to 8 days of proper wound VAC placement. Hospital stays ranged from 6 to 47 days. Patients received altered diets, including TPN for 1 patient with high-flow output and nil-per-os (NPO) or clear liquids for the others. Patients received octreotide throughout their hospitalization. Conclusion: NPWT shows potential as a treatment option for both high-volume and low-volume chylous fistulas following neck dissection.
Augmented Reality Improves Procedural Work on an International Space Station Science Instrument
Authors: Braly Adam M. , Nuernberger Benjamin , Kim So Young 
Published: January 2019

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determine whether an augmented reality instruction method would result in faster task completion times, lower mental workload, and fewer errors for simple tasks in an operational setting. Background: Prior research on procedural work that directly compared augmented reality instructions to traditional instruction methods (e.g., paper) showed that augmented reality instructions can enhance procedural work, but this was not true for simple tasks in an operational setting. Method: Participants completed simple procedural tasks on spaceflight hardware using an augmented reality instruction method and a paper instruction method. Results: Our results showed that the augmented reality instruction method resulted in faster task completion times and lower levels of mental and temporal demand compared with paper instructions. When participants used the augmented reality instruction method before the paper instruction method, there was a transfer of training that improved a subsequent procedure using the paper instruction method. Conclusion: An off-the-shelf augmented reality head-mounted display (HoloLens) can enhance procedural work for simple tasks in an operational setting. Application: The ability of augmented reality to enhance procedural work for simple tasks in an operational setting can help in reducing costs and mitigating risks that could ultimately lead to accidents and critical failures.
Endovenous cyanoacrylate glue to treat varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency—Experience gained from our first 100+ truncal venous ablations in a multi-ethnic Asian population using the Medtronic VenaSeal™ Closure System
Authors: Tang Tjun Y , Rathnaweera Harsha P , Kam Jia W , Chong Tze T , Choke Edward C , Tan Yih K 
Published: January 2019

Objectives The aim of this prospective single-centre study is to assess the effectiveness and patient experience of the VenaSeal™ Closure System, a novel non-thermal, non-tumescent catheter technique, which uses cyanoacrylate glue to occlude the refluxing truncal superficial veins to treat varicose veins and chronic venous insufficiency, in a multi-ethnic Asian population from Singapore. Methods Seventy-seven patients (93 legs; 103 procedures) underwent VenaSeal™ Closure System ablation. Forty-nine (63.6%) for great saphenous vein incompetence, 16 (20.8%) bilateral great saphenous vein, 2 (2.6%) small saphenous vein and 10 (13.0%) combined unilateral great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein/anterior thigh vein reflux. In addition, 65/93 legs (69.9%) had C4–C6 disease. Patients were reviewed at 2 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months post-procedure. Results There was 100% technical success. 28/77 (36.4%) underwent concomitant phlebectomies. All procedures were well tolerated with a mean post-operative pain score of 3.0 (range: 0–5). After three months, median patient satisfaction was 9.0 (interquartile range: 7.0–10.0). At two-week follow-up, the great saphenous vein was completely occluded in 88/88 (100%) veins and small saphenous vein completely closed in 11/11 (100%) veins. At three-month follow-up, the great saphenous vein was occluded in 51/53 (96.2%) veins and small saphenous vein completely closed in 5/5 (100%) veins. At six-month follow-up, the great saphenous vein was completely occluded in 42/45 (93.3%) veins and small saphenous vein completely closed in 5/7 (71.4%) veins. At one year, great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein occlusion rates were 54/59 (91.5%) and 5/8 (62.5%), respectively. There was one deep vein thrombosis. Transient superficial phlebitis was reported in 10/93 (10.8%) legs, which were all self-limiting. There were 9/103 (8.7%) anatomical recurrences, but no patients required re-intervention as they were asymptomatic. Conclusions Cyanoacrylate glue is a safe and efficacious modality to ablate refluxing saphenous veins in Asian patients in the short term. There is a high satisfaction rate and peri-procedural pain is low. Early results are promising but further evaluation and longer term follow-up are required.
Correlation between the pre-hospital triage scale and emergency department triage scale
Authors: Sung Sil , Kang Chan Young , Lee Hee Young , Lee Jung Hun , Kim Oh Hyun , Youk Hyun , Lee Kang Hyun 
Published: January 2019

Background:While emergency patient triage system is effective when the pre-hospital triage acuity scale is linked with the in-hospital triage acuity scale. However, the 119 emergency medical triage system and the Korea Triage and Acuity Scale are not linked in Korea.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the two triage systems and to utilize the results as basic data for the future development of a pre-hospital triage system.Methods:Among the 1114 patients who visited a regional emergency medical center by a 119 ambulance from April to May 2016, we analyzed the correlation between the pre-hospital and in-hospital triage systems based on the general characteristics of the patients and their reason of hospital visit (non-trauma or trauma).Results:Upon reclassifying the pre-hospital and in-hospital triage systems into three levels, among the 289 patients (28.1%) in level 3 of the pre-hospital triage, 79 (27.3%) were reclassified as the highest level (Resuscitation) in the in-hospital triage. The kappa coefficient as a measure of agreement between the two triage systems was very low at 0.211 (95% confidence interval, 0.164–0.258), and the kappa coefficient of the paramedic category was 0.232 (95% confidence interval, 0.161–0.303).Conclusion:There is a low agreement between the pre-hospital and in-hospital triage systems.
Contemporary best practice in the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Marcq Gautier , Jarry Edouard , Ouzaid Idir , Hermieu Jean-François , Henon François , Fantoni Jean-Christophe , Xylinas Evanguelos 
Published: January 2019

Background: We aimed to provide a comprehensive literature review on the best practice management of patients with nonmetastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) using neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Method: Between July and September 2018, we conducted a systematic review using MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic bibliographic databases. The search strategy included the following terms: Neoadjuvant Therapy and Urinary Bladder Neoplasms. Results: There is no benefit of a single-agent platinum-based chemotherapy. Platinum-based NAC is the gold standard therapy and mainly consists of a combination of cisplatin, vinblastine, methotrexate, doxorubicin, gemcitabine or even epirubicin (MVAC). At 5 years, the absolute overall survival benefit of MVAC was 5% and the absolute disease-free survival was improved by 9%. This effect was observed independently of the type of local treatment and did not vary between subgroups of patients. Moreover, a ypT0 stage (complete pathological response) after radical cystectomy was a surrogate marker for improved oncological outcomes. High-density MVAC has been shown to decrease toxicity (with a grade 3–4 toxicity ranging from 0% to 26%) without impacting oncological outcomes. To date, there is no role for carboplatin administration in the neoadjuvant setting in patients that are unfit for cisplatin-based NAC administration. So far, there is no published trial evaluating the role of immunotherapy in a neoadjuvant setting, but many promising studies are ongoing. Conclusion: There is a strong level of evidence supporting the clinical use of a high-dose-intensity combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin in a neoadjuvant setting. The landscape of MIBC therapies should evolve in the near future with emerging immunotherapies.
Differential attenuation of β2 integrin–dependent and –independent neutrophil migration by Ly6G ligation
Authors: Cunin Pierre , Lee Pui Y. , Kim Edy , Schmider Angela B. , Cloutier Nathalie , Pare Alexandre , Gunzer Matthias , Soberman Roy J. , Lacroix Steve , Boilard Eric , Lefort Craig T. , Nigrovic Peter A. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAntibody ligation of the murine neutrophil surface protein Ly6G disrupts neutrophil migration in some contexts but not others. We tested whether this variability reflected divergent dependence of neutrophil migration on β2 integrins, adhesion molecules that interact with Ly6G at the neutrophil surface. In integrin-dependent murine arthritis, Ly6G ligation attenuated joint inflammation, even though mice lacking Ly6G altogether developed arthritis normally. By contrast, Ly6G ligation had no impact on integrin-independent neutrophil migration into inflamed lung. In peritoneum, the role of β2 integrins varied with stimulus, proving dispensable for neutrophil entry in Escherichia coli peritonitis but contributory in interleukin 1 (IL-1)–mediated sterile peritonitis. Correspondingly, Ly6G ligation attenuated only IL-1 peritonitis, disrupting the molecular association between integrins and Ly6G and inducing cell-intrinsic blockade restricted to integrin-dependent migration. Consistent with this observation, Ly6G ligation impaired integrin-mediated postadhesion strengthening for neutrophils arresting on activated cremaster endothelium in vivo. Together, these findings identify selective inhibition of integrin-mediated neutrophil emigration through Ly6G ligation, highlighting the marked site and stimulus specificity of β2 integrin dependence in neutrophil migration.
Digital mental health apps and the therapeutic alliance: initial review
Authors: Henson Philip , Wisniewski Hannah , Hollis Chris , Keshavan Matcheri , Torous John 
Published: January 2019

BackgroundAs mental healthcare expands to smartphone apps and other technologies that may offer therapeutic interventions without a therapist involved, it is important to assess the impact of non-traditional therapeutic relationships.AimsTo determine if there were any meaningful data regarding the digital therapeutic alliance in smartphone interventions for serious mental illnesses.MethodA literature search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase and Web of Science).ResultsThere were five studies that discuss the therapeutic alliance when a mobile application intervention is involved in therapy. However, in none of the studies was the digital therapeutic alliance the primary outcome. The studies looked at different mental health conditions, had different duration of technology use and used different methods for assessing the therapeutic alliance.ConclusionsAssessing and optimising the digital therapeutic alliance holds the potential to make tools such as smartphone apps more effective and improve adherence to their use. However, the heterogeneous nature of the five studies we identified make it challenging to draw conclusions at this time. A measure is required to evaluate the digital therapeutic alliance.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection using a novel endoscopic articulating knife for clinical staging of early esophageal neoplasia.
Authors: Genere Juan , Priyan Harshith , Wang Kenneth 
Published: January 2019

114 Background: Clinical staging of early esophageal neoplasia traditionally involves histological confirmation and imaging with endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), CT, and PET which have low sensitivity and specificity for staging esophageal cancer (EC). Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) therapy is traditionally used for treatment, but not diagnosis as it is felt to be technically challenging and have a high risk for complications. We applied a new articulating endoscopic knife that permits safe ESD (ESD-CC) to evaluate early neoplasia with potential curative resection. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients undergoing ESD to stage or treat suspected early EC (cT1-T2). Clinical stage was done by EUS, CT, and PET. Two expert GI pathologists reviewed all histology. Lesions were examined with high resolution white light endoscopy and narrow band imaging. ESD was done with 1:200,000 epinephrine and methylene blue dye injection for lifting and staining the submucosal space. A 5mm, scissors-like articulated knife was used to perform ESD and hemostasis. Complications during post-ESD observation or follow-up were recorded. Results: A total of 35 patients who underwent ESD-CC were included with median age 70 (IQR 12), 26 males (74%), and followed for a median 3.4 months (IQR 6.4). This group consisted of 32 potential adenocarcinomas and 3 squamous cell cancers. The clinical Pre-ESD diagnoses were cT1 EC (24, 69%) and suspected EC in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) (11, 31%). The cT1 EC cases had ESD staged at least T1b (5, 21%), T1a (11, 46%), EC in situ (1, 4%), and dysplastic BE (7, 29%). The suspected EC cases had ESD staged at least T1b (1, 9%), T1a (2, 18%), and DBE (8, 73%). ESD-CC up-staged 4 (11%), down-staged 10 (29%), and confirmed prior diagnosis in 21 (60%). No complications including bleeding, perforation, or stricture formation regardless of size of ESD, age of patient, or co-morbidities. Conclusions: Staging of early esophageal cancer can be improved using ESD with an articulating knife, without increase in complications. ESD may be used as a staging modality in early esophageal cancer.