bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analysis of alpha‐1‐antitrypsin glycosylation with direct LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Yin Haidi , An Mingrui , So Pui‐kin , Wong Melody Yee‐Man , Lubman David M. , Yao Zhongping 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)‐based methodology has been developed to differentiate core‐ and antennary‐fucosylated glycosylation of glycopeptides. Both the glycosylation sites (heterogeneity) and multiple possible glycan occupancy at each site (microheterogeneity) can be resolved via intact glycopeptide analysis. The serum glycoprotein alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (A1AT) which contains both core‐ and antennary‐fucosylated glycosites was used in this study. Sialidase was used to remove the sialic acids in order to simplify the glycosylation microheterogeneity and to enhance the MS signal of glycopeptides with similar glycan structures. β1‐3,4 galactosidase was used to differentiate core‐ and antennary‐fucosylation. In‐source dissociation was found to severely affect the identification and quantification of glycopeptides with low abundance glycan modification. The settings of the mass spectrometer were therefore optimized to minimize the in‐source dissociation. A three‐step mass spectrometry fragmentation strategy was used for glycopeptide identification, facilitated by pGlyco software annotation and manual checking. The collision energy used for initial glycopeptide fragmentation was found to be crucial for improved detection of oxonium ions and better selection of Y1 ion (peptide+GlcNAc). Structural assignments revealed that all three glycosylation sites of A1AT glycopeptides contain complex N‐glycan structures: site Asn70 contains biantennary glycans without fucosylation; site Asn107 contains bi‐, tri‐ and tetra‐antennary glycans with both core‐ and antennary‐fucosylation; site Asn271 contains bi‐ and tri‐antennary glycans with both core‐ and antennary‐fucosylation. The relative intensity of core‐ and antennary‐fucosylation on Asn107 was similar to that of the A1AT protein indicating that the glycosylation level of Asn107 is much larger than the other two sites.
Dielectrophoretic analysis of treated cancer cells for rapid assessment of treatment efficacy
Authors: Mahabadi Sina , Labeed Fatima H. , Hughes Michael P. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWhilst personalized medicine (where interventions are precisely tailored to a patient's genotype and phenotype, as well as the nature and state of the disease) is regarded as an optimal form of treatment, the time and cost associated with it means it remains inaccessible to the greater public. A simpler alternative, stratified medicine, identifies groups of patients who are likely to respond to a given treatment. This allows appropriate treatments to be selected at the start of therapy, avoiding the common “trial and error” approach of replacing a therapy only once it is demonstrated to be ineffective in the patient. For stratification to be effective, tests are required that rapidly predict treatment effectiveness. Most tests use genetic analysis to identify drug targets, but these can be expensive and may not detect changes in the phenotype that affect drug sensitivity. An alternative method is to assess the whole‐cell phenotype by evaluating drug response using cells from a biopsy. We assessed dielectrophoresis to assess drug efficacy on short timescales and at low cost. To explore the principle of assessing drug efficacy we examined two cell lines (one expressing EGFR, one not) with the drug Iressa. We then further explored the sensitive cells using combinations of chemotherapeutic and radiotherapeutic therapies. Our results compare with known effects of these cell/treatment combination, and offer the additional benefit over methods such as TUNEL of detecting drug effects such as cell cycle arrest, which do not cause cell death.
The chemo enzymatic functionalization of chitosan zeolite particles provides antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
Authors: Tegl Gregor , Stagl Viktoria , Mensah Anna , Huber Daniela , Somitsch Walter , Grosse‐Kracht Stefanie , Guebitz Georg M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSilicate‐based microporous materials like zeolites are nano enabled particles and used for various applications including pharmaceutical formulations. This study reports on the chemo‐enzymatic functionalization of chitosan‐zeolite particles (CTS‐zeolites) with caffeic acid (CA) and glucose oxidase (GOX) to impart combined antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. CA was grafted on the chitosan moieties by using laccase generating stable particles (zeta potential –36.7 mV) of high antioxidant activity (44% DPPH inhibition). GOX was immobilized both on CTS‐zeolites and on CA modified CTS‐zeolites and creating a hydrogen peroxide generation system continuously and in‐situ producing this oxidative and antimicrobial agent. The system prevented bacterial growth of E. coli and S. aureus over 24 h whereby a steady‐state concentration of around 60 μM hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium was observed. CA and GOX functionalized CTS‐zeolite particles additionally showed combinatorial antioxidant and antimicrobial properties providing a powerful bioactive system for medical applications. These particles proved their suitability for incorporation in bioactive formulations which could be used, inter alia, for topical wound treatments.
Addition of aluminum oxide microparticles to Trichoderma viride My preculture enhances cellulase production and influences fungal morphology
Authors: Dong Miaoyin , Wang Shuyang , Xu Fuqiang , Li Qiaoqiao , Li Wenjian 
Published: February 2018

Morphological engineering techniques have recently become popular, since they are used to increase the production of a variety of metabolites and enzymes when fungi are grown in submerged cultures. This study aimed to facilitate cellulase production by adding aluminum oxide to Trichoderma viride My precultures.The results showed that the highest cellulase activity was achieved when aluminum oxide at 10 g/L was used, and the activities of cellulase for filter paper and endoglucanase activity assays increased from 519.11 to 607.35 U/mL by 17.1%, and from 810.08 U/mL to 917.59 U/mL by 13.3%, compared with the control, respectively. Addition of aluminum oxide decreased the size of T. viride My pellets and increased the final pH. The changes in pellet diameter after the addition of different concentrations of aluminum oxide were fitted using a modified exponential decay model, which could precisely predict the pellet size by controlling aluminum oxide concentration.The optimum concentration of microparticles, and therefore pellet size, could significantly improve cellulase production, which is an encouraging step towards commercial cellulase production.
Compatibility of NiO/CuO in Ca–Cu Chemical Looping for High‐Purity H2 Production with CO2 Capture
Authors: Tan Lili , Qin Changlei , Zhang Zhonghui , Ran Jingyu , Manovic Vasilije 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCa–Cu chemical looping is a novel and promising approach for converting methane into pure H2 following the principle of sorption‐enhanced reforming. Its operational efficiency is largely determined by an appropriate coexistence of Cu‐based oxygen carriers and Ni‐based catalysts. Here, NiO/CuO composites are synthesized and their catalytic activity for H2 production is measured using a fixed‐bed reactor system equipped with an online gas analyzer. It is reported that the presence of CuO can hinder the activity of Ni‐based catalysts in H2 production, and experimental results show that the negative effect of CuO is strengthened with increasing CuO content and calcination temperature during sample preparation. With the help of a series of specific test and characterization techniques, interaction rules between NiO and CuO are further investigated and understood, and based on that an action mechanism model is proposed. Furthermore, an arrangement of mixed particles that avoids the intimate contact of CuO/NiO is suggested and tested, and a superior performance is demonstrated while observing no restrictions of CuO on Ni‐based catalysts in sorption‐enhanced steam‐methane reforming under the conditions of Ca–Cu chemical looping.
Immunotoxicity in green mussels under perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure: Reversible response and response model development
Authors: Liu Changhui , Gin Karina Yew-Hoong 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

The immunotoxicity of 4 commonly detected perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), namely, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) was investigated by measuring biomarkers of the immune profile of green mussels, Perna viridis. The biomarkers included neutral red retention, phagocytosis, and spontaneous cytotoxicity, all of which were tested on mussel hemocytes. Hemocytes are an important component of the invertebrate immune system. We found that exposure to PFASs could lead to reduced hemocyte cell viability and suppress immune function by up to 50% of normal performance within the experimental exposure range. The results indicate that PFASs have an immunotoxic potential and thus could pose severe health risks to aquatic organisms. The reported immunotoxicity is likely to result from the compounds’ direct and indirect interactions with the hemocyte membrane, and therefore likely to affect the functionality of these cells. The immunotoxic response was found to be related to the organism's burden of PFASs, and was reversible when the compounds were removed from the test organisms. Based on this relationship, models using an organism's PFAS concentration and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) as the independent variables were established to quantify PFAS-induced immunotoxicity. The models help us to gain a better understanding of the toxic mechanism of PFASs, and provide a tool to evaluate adverse effects for the whole group of compounds with one mathematical equation. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1138–1145. © 2018 SETAC
Abstract
Exposure to PFASs can induce adverse effects on the immune function of an organism.
An ichthyosaur from the UK Triassic–Jurassic boundary: A second specimen of the leptonectid ichthyosaur Wahlisaurus massarae Lomax 2016
Authors: Lomax Dean R. , Evans Mark , Carpenter Simon 
Published: February 2018

The holotype of Wahlisaurus massarae is known only from a partial skull and postcranial skeleton from the Lower Jurassic, collected near Normanton on Soar, Nottinghamshire, UK. It is diagnosed relative to other ichthyosaurs on the basis of autapomorphies of the coracoid and a unique combination of characters. Here, we report a second specimen of W. massarae. The new specimen comprises a practically complete right coracoid that clearly shows the unique morphology of W. massarae. This specimen was collected in situ from a quarry in Somerset, from the base of the Blue Lias Formation, which corresponds to the Triassic–Jurassic boundary (uppermost Rhaetian or lowermost Hettangian), extending the geographic and stratigraphic range of the species. Furthermore, the coracoid of the new specimen is 20% anteroposteriorly longer than in the holotype, representing a larger individual. In light of preparation and the identification of additional fragments of the holotype, a redescription of the skull morphology of the holotype, as well as comparison with the skull roof of Leptonectes tenuirostris, is included.
The microglial reaction signature revealed by RNAseq from individual mice
Authors: Hirbec Hélène , Marmai Camille , Duroux‐Richard Isabelle , Roubert Christine , Esclangon Arnaud , Croze Séverine , Lachuer Joël , Peyroutou Ronan , Rassendren François 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMicroglial cells have a double life as the immune cells of the brain in times of stress but have also specific physiological functions in homeostatic conditions. In pathological contexts, microglia undergo a phenotypic switch called “reaction” that promotes the initiation and the propagation of neuro‐inflammation. Reaction is complex, molecularly heterogeneous and still poorly characterized, leading to the concept that microglial reactivity might be too diverse to be molecularly defined. However, it remains unknown whether reactive microglia from different pathological contexts share a common molecular signature. Using improved flow cytometry and RNAseq approaches we studied, with higher statistical power, the remodeling of microglia transcriptome in a mouse model of sepsis. Through bioinformatic comparison of our results with published datasets, we defined the microglial reactome as a set of genes discriminating reactive from homeostatic microglia. Ultimately, we identified a subset of 86 genes deregulated in both acute and neurodegenerative conditions. Our data provide a new comprehensive resource that includes functional analysis and specific molecular markers of microglial reaction which represent new tools for its unambiguous characterization.
Sacrifice and extracranial reconstruction of the common or internal carotid artery in advanced head and neck carcinoma: Review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bäck Leif J. J. , Aro Katri , Tapiovaara Laura , Vikatmaa Pirkka , de Bree Remco , Fernández‐Álvarez Verónica , Kowalski Luiz P. , Nixon Iain J. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Rodrigo Juan P. , Robbins K. Thomas , Silver Carl E. , Snyderman Carl H. , Suárez Carlos , Takes Robert P. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundSacrifice and reconstruction of the carotid artery in cases of head and neck carcinoma with invasion of the common or internal carotid artery is debated.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search of electronic databases and provide a review and meta‐analysis.ResultsOf the 72 articles identified, 24 met the inclusion criteria resulting in the inclusion of 357 patients. The overall perioperative 30‐day mortality was 3.6% (13/357). Permanent cerebrovascular complications occurred in 3.6% (13/357). Carotid blowout episodes were encountered in 1.4% (5/357). The meta‐regression analysis showed a significant difference in 1‐year overall survival between reports published from 1981‐1999 (37.0%) and 2001‐2016 (65.4%; P = .02).ConclusionThis review provides evidence that sacrifice with extracranial reconstruction of common or internal carotid artery in selected patients with head and neck carcinoma may improve survival with acceptable complication rates. However, all of the published literature is retrospective involving selected series and, therefore, precludes determining the absolute effectiveness of the surgery.
Environmental dredging residual generation and management
Authors: Patmont Clay , LaRosa Paul , Narayanan Raghav , Forrest Casey 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

The presence and magnitude of sediment contamination remaining in a completed dredge area can often dictate the success of an environmental dredging project. The need to better understand and manage this remaining contamination, referred to as “postdredging residuals,” has increasingly been recognized by practitioners and investigators. Based on recent dredging projects with robust characterization programs, it is now understood that the residual contamination layer in the postdredging sediment comprises a mixture of contaminated sediments that originate from throughout the dredge cut. This mixture of contaminated sediments initially exhibits fluid mud properties that can contribute to sediment transport and contamination risk outside of the dredge area. This article reviews robust dredging residual evaluations recently performed in the United States and Canada, including the Hudson River, Lower Fox River, Ashtabula River, and Esquimalt Harbour, along with other projects. These data better inform the understanding of residuals generation, leading to improved models of dredging residual formation to inform remedy evaluation, selection, design, and implementation. Data from these projects confirm that the magnitude of dredging residuals is largely determined by site conditions, primarily in situ sediment fluidity or liquidity as measured by dry bulk density. While the generation of dredging residuals cannot be avoided, residuals can be successfully and efficiently managed through careful development and implementation of site-specific management plans. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:335–343. © 2018 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)

Key Points
Intensive monitoring of dredging residuals at high-profile environmental dredging sites including the Hudson River, New York, USA, and Lower Fox River, Wisconsin, USA, provided data that better inform our understanding of residuals generation. The magnitude of dredging residuals is largely determined by site conditions, primarily in situ sediment liquidity as measured by density. Whereas the generation of dredging residuals cannot be avoided, residuals can be successfully and efficiently managed through careful development and implementation of site-specific management plans.
Biocompatible porous titanium scaffolds produced using a novel space holder technique
Authors: Chen Yunhui , Frith Jessica Ellen , Dehghan‐Manshadi Ali , Kent Damon , Bermingham Michael , Dargusch Matthew 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe describe a new fabrication strategy for production of porous titanium scaffolds for skeletal implants which provides a promising new approach to repair and remodel damaged bone tissue. The new strategy involves powder sintering of titanium powder, employing pharmaceutical sugar pellets as temporary space holders, to facilitate production of porous scaffolds with structures optimized for mechanical performance and osseointegration of implants. The spherical sugar pellets, with controlled size fractions and excellent biocompatibility, are easily removed by dissolution prior to sintering providing an ideal space holder material for controlled synthesis of titanium scaffolds with desired porosities and pore sizes. The scaffolds contain pores with high degrees of sphericity and interconnectivity which impart excellent mechanical properties and superior biocompatibility to the structures. Scaffolds with 40% porosity and a pore size range of 300‐425 µm exhibited an effective Young's modulus of 16.4 ± 3.5 GPa and strength of 176 ± 6 MPa, which closely mimics the properties of human bone, and were also able to support cell adhesion, viability and spreading in cell culture tests. Porous titanium scaffolds manufactured by this approach have excellent potential for hard tissue engineering applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2796–2806, 2018.
Osteostimulative calcium phosphosilicate biomaterials partially restore the cytocompatibility of decontaminated titanium surfaces in a peri‐implantitis model
Authors: Karoussis Ioannis. K. , Kyriakidou Kyriaki , Papaparaskevas Joseph , Vrotsos Ioannis A. , Simopoulou Mara , Kotsakis Georgios A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBacterial peri‐implant biofilms, and the chemotherapeutics for their removal alter titanium surface cytocompatibility. In this study we aimed to assess the adjunctive use of an osteostimulative biomaterial utilizing a peri‐implantitis model under the hypothesis that it will increase cell migration towards treated titanium surfaces. Acid‐etched titanium surfaces were inoculated with a multi‐species biofilm model and treated with 1.5% NaOCl in a previously characterized in vitro peri‐implantitis model. Cell migration of MG63 cells towards the treated titanium surface (CTRL) was significantly reduced following inoculation with biofilm and chemotherapeutic treatment as compared to sterile controls. Addition of a tricalcium phosphate biomaterial (TCP) as a control for Ca+2 had a small non‐significant effect, while BG significantly increased MG63 chemotaxis to titanium to levels comparable to sterile (STE). Similarly, cell viability at 5 days was increased in BG and TCP as compared to CTRL. SEM imaging confirmed the improved cytocompatibility of BG and TCP surfaces as compared to CTRL. Osteostimulative BG exhibited a strong chemotactic effect to osteoblasts, which was stronger than what was expected due to the chemotactic effect of Ca+2 alone (TCP). In addition, substantially increased cell attachment and viability was found on treated implant surfaces as compared to CTRL. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2645–2652, 2018.
CYP2C19 and ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms correlate with the recurrence of ischemic cardiovascular adverse events after clopidogrel treatment
Authors: Hou Xumin , Han Wenzheng , Gan Qian , Liu Yuan , Fang Weiyi 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundThis study was aimed to investigate the correlation between CYP2C19 and ABCB1 polymorphisms and the recurrence of ischemic cardiovascular adverse events in patients with coronary artery disease treated with clopidogrel.MethodsA total of 168 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI operation and received clopidogrel treatment were enrolled. Dual antiplatelet therapy was applied to the treatment of patients for 2 years. Thromboelastography was used to test the efficiency of blood coagulation. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect CYP2C19 and ABCB1 3435CT polymorphisms. One‐year follow‐up visit was carried out to record the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events after drug‐eluting stent implantation was inset.ResultsFollow‐up visit results suggested that the patients with high on‐treatment platelet reactivity (HPR) had a higher recurrence rate of cardiovascular adverse events after PCI operation and clopidogrel treatment. Gene polymorphism testing results indicated that patients with CYP2C19*3 had a significantly higher incidence of HPR, whereas CYP2C19*2 and ABCB1 3435CT were not significantly correlated with HPR. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that CYP2C19*3 might be an independent predictive factor of post‐PCI HPR. In addition, CYP2C19*3 as well as post‐PCI HPR could function as independent predictive factors of cardiovascular adverse events.ConclusionCYP2C19*3 polymorphism could be an important predictive factor of HPR and ischemic cardiovascular adverse events after clopidogrel treatment.
Anaerobic re‐digestion of digested sludge post‐treated by ultrasound: effect of the adding linear alkylbenzene sulfonate
Authors: Shao Liming , Li Wenpeng , Lü Fan , He Pinjing 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing the degradation ratio of organic matter is one of the key challenges for sludge anaerobic digestion. The conventional solution is by directly treating the raw sludge so as to enhance the sludge degradation. In contrast, the target of the present study was digested sludge enriching in refractory organic matter. The method proposed to improve the organic degradation of digested sludge uses ultrasound combined with linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) to control flocs re‐flocculation.RESULTSGas production of the sludge treated with the highest ultrasound energy (360 W, 20 min) was only 57.7 ± 0.3 mL‐CH4 g‐1‐VSadded, and the sludge treated with lower ultrasound energy (120 W, 20 min) with LAS had the highest gas production, up to 92.5 ± 8.5 mL‐CH4 g‐1‐VSadded. Meanwhile, the total VS degradation of 120 W, 20 min with LAS was up to 69.6 ± 5.2%. And the gas production of 360 W, 5 min with LAS was 27.1% higher than that of 360 W, 5 min without LAS.CONCLUSIONThese results revealed that digested sludge treated by ultrasonication could be further degraded, and the addition of LAS could significantly improve the re‐digestion performance with less energy. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry