bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood manufacturing methods affect red blood cell product characteristics and immunomodulatory activity
Authors: Almizraq Ruqayyah J. , Norris Philip J. , Inglis Heather , Menocha Somaang , Wirtz Mathijs R. , Juffermans Nicole , Pandey Suchitra , Spinella Philip C. , Acker Jason P. , Muszynski Jennifer A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractTransfusion of red cell concentrates (RCCs) is associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes that may be affected by different blood manufacturing methods and the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We investigated the effect of different manufacturing methods on hemolysis, residual cells, cell-derived EVs, and immunomodulatory effects on monocyte activity. Thirty-two RCC units produced using whole blood filtration (WBF), red cell filtration (RCF), apheresis-derived (AD), and whole blood–derived (WBD) methods were examined (n = 8 per method). Residual platelet and white blood cells (WBCs) and the concentration, cell of origin, and characterization of EVs in RCC supernatants were assessed in fresh and stored supernatants. Immunomodulatory activity of RCC supernatants was assessed by quantifying monocyte cytokine production capacity in an in vitro transfusion model. RCF units yielded the lowest number of platelet and WBC-derived EVs, whereas the highest number of platelet EVs was in AD (day 5) and in WBD (day 42). The number of small EVs (&lt;200 nm) was greater than large EVs (≥200 nm) in all tested supernatants, and the highest level of small EVs were in AD units. Immunomodulatory activity was mixed, with evidence of both inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. Monocytes produced more inflammatory interleukin-8 after exposure to fresh WBF or expired WBD supernatants. Exposure to supernatants from AD and WBD RCC suppressed monocyte lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production. Manufacturing methods significantly affect RCC unit EV characteristics and are associated with an immunomodulatory effect of RCC supernatants, which may affect the quality and safety of RCCs.
Dichloroacetate, an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, inhibits platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis
Authors: Nayak Manasa K. , Dhanesha Nirav , Doddapattar Prakash , Rodriguez Omar , Sonkar Vijay K. , Dayal Sanjana , Chauhan Anil K. 
Published: September 2018

Key Points
DCA, an inhibitor of PDKs, impedes glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis in activated platelets. DCA inhibits agonist-induced human and mouse platelet aggregation and arterial thrombosis without altering hemostasis in mice.
Genomic analysis of transcriptional networks directing progression of cell states during MGE development
Authors: Sandberg Magnus , Taher Leila , Hu Jianxin , Black Brian L. , Nord Alex S. , Rubenstein John L. R. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Background
Homeodomain (HD) transcription factor (TF) NKX2–1 critical for the regional specification of the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) as well as promoting the GABAergic and cholinergic neuron fates via the induction of TFs such as LHX6 and LHX8. NKX2–1 defines MGE regional identity in large part through transcriptional repression, while specification and maturation of GABAergic and cholinergic fates is mediated in part by transcriptional activation via TFs such as LHX6 and LHX8. Here we analyze the signaling and TF pathways, downstream of NKX2–1, required for GABAergic and cholinergic neuron fate maturation.

Methods
Differential ChIP-seq analysis was used to identify regulatory elements (REs) where chromatin state was sensitive to change in the Nkx2–1cKO MGE at embryonic day (E) 13.5. TF motifs in the REs were identified using RSAT. CRISPR-mediated genome editing was used to generate enhancer knockouts. Differential gene expression in these knockouts was analyzed through RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization. Functional analysis of motifs within hs623 was analyzed via site directed mutagenesis and reporter assays in primary MGE cultures.

Results
We identified 4782 activating REs (aREs) and 6391 repressing REs (rREs) in the Nkx2–1 conditional knockout (Nkx2–1cKO) MGE. aREs are associated with basic-Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) TFs. Deletion of hs623, an intragenic Tcf12 aRE, caused a reduction of Tcf12 expression in the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) and mantle zone (MZ) of the MGE. Mutation of LHX, SOX and octamers, within hs623, caused a reduction of hs623 activity in MGE primary cultures.

Conclusions
Tcf12 expression in the SVZ of the MGE is mediated through aRE hs623. The activity of hs623 is dependent on LHX6, SOX and octamers. Thus, maintaining the expression of Tcf12 in the SVZ involves on TF pathways parallel and genetically downstream of NKX2–1.
Bacterial biofilm formation inside colonic crypts may accelerate colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Raskov Hans , Kragh Kasper Nørskov , Bjarnsholt Thomas , Alamili Mahdi , Gögenur Ismail 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundResearch in the field of relation between microbes and colorectal carcinogenesis has gained increasing interest in past years. Recently, link between microbial biofilm and carcinogenesis in colon was demonstrated by several authors indicating that biofilm not only is a key player in carcinogenesis, but also may contribute to the understanding of side‐specific colon cancer—right sided colon cancer versus left sided. In this article, we briefly highlight the major findings of the research of biofilm and carcinogenesis and demonstrate our findings of colonic cancer tissue and colonic polyp examined for biofilm.Case presentationColonic cancer tissue from a patient with a right‐sided colon cancer, and an adenoma tubular polyp were examined for biofilm formation by flourescens in situ hybridization. In cancer tissue we found biofilm formation on the surface epithelium but surprisingly also deep into the crypts. No biofilms were found in tubular polyp tissue.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first‐time biofilm formation deep into colonic crypts are demonstrated in a patient with right‐sided colon cancer. This may indicate that bacterial biofilm may have a key role in carcinogenesis.
Guideline for the Management of Clostridium Difficile Infection in Children and Adolescents With Cancer and Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Recipients
Authors: Diorio Caroline , Robinson Paula D. , Ammann Roland A. , Castagnola Elio , Erickson Kelley , Esbenshade Adam , Fisher Brian T. , Haeusler Gabrielle M. , Kuczynski Susan , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Phillips Robert , Cabral Sandra , Dupuis L. Lee , Sung Lillian 
Published: September 2018

Purpose The aim of this work was to develop a clinical practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children and adolescents with cancer and pediatric hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. Methods An international multidisciplinary panel of experts in pediatric oncology and infectious diseases with patient advocate representation was convened. We performed systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials for the prevention or treatment of CDI in any population and considered the directness of the evidence to children with cancer and pediatric HSCT patients. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to generate recommendations. Results The panel made strong recommendations to administer either oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin for the initial treatment of nonsevere CDI and oral vancomycin for the initial treatment of severe CDI. Fidaxomicin may be considered in the setting of recurrent CDI. The panel suggested that probiotics not be routinely used for the prevention of CDI, and that monoclonal antibodies and probiotics not be routinely used for the treatment of CDI. A strong recommendation to not use fecal microbiota transplantation was made in this population. We identified key knowledge gaps and suggested directions for future research. Conclusion We present a guideline for the prevention and treatment of CDI in children and adolescents with cancer and pediatric HSCT patients. Future research should include randomized controlled trials that involve children with cancer and pediatric HSCT patients to improve the management of CDI in this population.
Woody biomass and elements uptake in phytoremediation of compost leachate
Authors: ABEDI TOOBA , AVANI NAZI 
Published: September 2018

Abedi T, Avani N. 2018. Woody biomass and elements uptake in phytoremediation of compost leachate. Asian J For 2: 20-24. This study examined the performance of absorption and growth of Alnus glutinosa and Taxodium distichum which underwent leachate irrigation of Rasht Compost Plant. In mid-March 2013, one year old seedlings of Alnus glutinosa and Taxodium distichum were planted in a greenhouse at Safrabaste Poplar Research Station and since then, this study began. The compost leachate was taken from the collection reservoir of leachate coming from open composting of organic municipal wastes and various gardening and plant wastes. Three treatments were applied to the plants, namely the irrigation using: tap water (control/C), pure leachate (P) and the mixture of one volume unit of leachate with one volume unit of running water (1: 1). It was concluded that leachate had a positive influence on the growth of A. glutinosa and T. distichum namely an increase in diameter and height of seedlings in the measurement period which occured to be caused by fertilization properties of leachate. Statistically, there was no difference in the development of aboveground biomass in the treatment of P, 1: 1 and C. This indicated that both irrigation by pure leachate and mixture liquid stimulate growth in the same way as irrigation by water. The dry mass of root showed the same result as aboveground mass. The total dry mass of the leachate treatment for A. glutinose and T. distichum were, respectively, 83.89 g and 78.68 g. The total root dry mass of leachate treatment for A. glutinosa and T. distichum was, respectively, 11.98 g and 9.09 g. The results of elements absorption showed no statistical difference between the aboveground species. The absorption of Ca concentration in root was higher than the absorption of other elements and showed significant difference in 1: 1 treatment.
Elecciones reproductivas, anonimato y parentesco: discursos e implicaciones para las "madres solteras por decisión"
Authors: Frasquet Aira Rosa María 
Published: September 2018

El anonimato o no anonimato en las donaciones de gametos está siendo foco de debates en el ámbito internacional, avanzando las posiciones más favorables a su levantamiento. En el caso de España, la ley prescribe aún el anonimato. En este contexto de debates en torno anonimato/no-anonimato, este artículo analiza las estrategias reproductivas de las madres solteras por elección —mujeres que deciden ser madres al margen del esquema de pareja y de familia hetero-biparental— atendiendo tanto al recurso a donantes conocidos y/o anónimos como a las estrategias, apropiaciones y resignificaciones del anonimato. La base empírica del artículo está constituida por entrevistas en profundidad a 27 mujeres en diferentes momentos del proceso de convertirse en madres con donante, así como en observación participante en diversos espacios de encuentro (tanto on line como presenciales) en el área de Barcelona. El trabajo sostiene que el anonimato se resignifica como una práctica de cuidado hacia los hijos/as, protegiéndoles frente a la figura del padre ausente y asegurando la autonomía del proyecto familiar. Asimismo, se analizan las lógicas androcéntricas implícitas en la consideración de estas estrategias reproductivas como individualistas, sosteniendo que se trata de reformulaciones de la estigmatización de las madres solteras en las sociedades patriarcales y, por extensión, sanciones a la autonomía reproductiva de las mujeres que eluden que la responsabilidad social de la crianza acaba —de nuevo— concentrada en la figura de la madre.
A Beautiful Politics: Theodore Roszak’s Romantic Radicalism and the Counterculture
Authors: Partridge Christopher 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Ugly will not be made beautiful by the increase of ugliness. And beauty—the beauty of human souls reclaimed and illuminated—is the banner and power of our revolution. A beautiful politics. Despite the bastards. The technocracy will not be overthrown. It will be displaced—inch by inch—by alternative realities imaginatively embodied.
Interracial Homosexuality and the White Southern Phallus in Kevin Sessums’s Mississippi Sissy
Authors: Pugh Tison 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In its stinging critique of the U.S. South’s rigid ideologies of race, gender, and sexuality, Kevin Sessums’s memoir Mississippi Sissy depicts interracial gay relationships as a profound subversion of the region’s conservative ethos. At the same time, this memoir succumbs to phallic posturing that imagines white and black gay masculinities within regressive and patriarchal terms, which thus ironically reinstitutes the binaries of race and desire it otherwise subverts. The intransigence of Southern codes of masculinity troubles Sessums’s otherwise progressive portrayal of queer sexuality, thereby displaying the force of regionalisms in that ostensibly universal construct, the phallus.
Bulgarian National Culture: Debates during the National Revival Period1 * “Ex-centrism”, “ego-centrism”, Ottoman Context2 **
Authors: ALEXİEVA Anna 
Published: September 2018

The paper is focused on the problem of conceptualization of the National Culture which took place during the second half of XIX c. That period coincided with so called National Revival Epoch – an emotional concept, particular for Bulgarian popular and academic publicity. The analysis is based on the key notions “egocentric nationalism” and “ex-centric nationalism”, forged by Nikolay Trubetskoy. The intellectuals, which followed the conception of the “ex-centric nationalism”, used to imagine the national culture representations in accordance with the images of the French culture, dominant that time. Intelligentsia, related to the concepts of the “ego-centric nationalism”, insisted on the representation of national culture as having its own center, and could be defined as oriented to the ideas set of the autochtonism. Thus, the second group is famous with initiatives, related to folklore researches and popularizing the medieval heritage, regarded as “Golden Era”. These two ideological tendencies are marked with one initial paradox. From one side, national cultural policy making emerged in the context of so called National Revival period as an intellectual instrument to establish symbolical distance between the national essentiality and the Ottoman heritage, using Russian culture, the cultures of the Western Europe or of the local “authenticity” and “people’s’ tradition” as they were accessible through accessible representations of them. From the other side, these debates were born during the Tanzimât era as direct outcome of the modernization projects which were taking place in the Ottoman Empire that time: a context, where so called National Revival Epoch was installed. There is one more paradox: these discussions remained underrepresented and distanced from the mass cultural taste. Peoples’ attitudes towards the image of the national culture, incompatible with the visions by the intelligentsia, neglected the options for civilization orientation and struggles for national essentiality, keeping on numerous Ottoman key cultural elements.
Integrating Population Health Content into FNP Program Curriculum
Authors: Myers Carole R. , Lasater Karen , Morgan Katherine 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIn the current healthcare environment, the healthcare industry has become increasingly focused on population health concerns. While advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) are well prepared to contribute to population health by delivering holistic healthcare to individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations, they are not engaged in initiatives to improve population health commensurate with their numbers, education, training, experience, and role as primary care providers and essential healthcare team leaders and members. This article discusses the rationale for integrating population health into APRN curricula, one program’s approach to doing so, and preliminary lessons learned from this effort. The three main lessons learned include population health content should be integrated across the curriculum for all APRN cohorts, supplementary population health content should be considered, and opportunities for integrating didactic population health content should be included across the FNP curriculum.
The Domestic Politics of European Preferences Towards Global Economic Governance
Authors: Schirm Stefan A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractWhy is global economic governance often marked by controversies among EU member states despite their commitment to joint action? European members of the G20 diverge over public debt to stimulate growth and over global trade imbalances. These issues express differences in economic interests, such as competitiveness, as well as ideational divergences regarding deficit spending and the role of the government in steering the economy. Therefore, domestic politics theories seem to constitute a necessary complement to integration theories in explaining European governments’ preferences. In applying the societal approach, I argue that domestic value-based ideas and material interests shape governmental preferences in international political economy. In doing so, ideas prevail when fundamental economic policy issues such as public debt are at stake, while interests prevail, when governance directly affects the costs and benefits of specific economic sectors. These arguments are analysed by comparing the domestic politics of British, French, German and Italian positions towards two policy debates in the G20.
Description of excited states in photochemistry with theoretical methods
Authors: Merz Thomas , Bierhance Genaro , Flach Ernst-Christian , Kats Daniel , Usvyat Denis , Schütz Martin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The theoretical treatment of molecules in electronically excited states is much more complicated than in the ground state (GS) and remains a challenge. In contrast to the GS, electronically excited states can hardly be treated by a single determinant or configuration state function, not even near equilibrium geometry. This calls for multireference methods, or, alternatively, for time-dependent response methods, such as time-dependent density functional theory, or time-dependent coupled cluster response theory. In this contribution, we provide an overview on the latter techniques and illustrate on several examples how these methods can be used to theoretically investigate photoreactions.
Selenium– and tellurium–halogen reagents
Authors: Chivers Tristram , Laitinen Risto S. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Selenium and tellurium form binary halides in which the chalcogen can be in formal oxidation states (IV), (II) or (I). They are versatile reagents for the preparation of a wide range of inorganic and organic selenium and tellurium compounds taking advantage of the reactivity of the chalcogen–halogen bond. With the exception of the tetrafluorides, the tetrahalides are either commercially available or readily prepared. On the other hand, the low-valent species, EX2 (E = Se, Te; X = Cl, Br) and E2X2 (E = Se, Te; X = Cl, Br) are unstable with respect to disproportionation and must be used as in situ reagents. Organoselenium and tellurium halides are well-known in oxidation states (IV) and (II), as exemplified by REX3, R2EX2 and REX (R = alkyl, aryl; E = Se, Te; X = F, Cl, Br, I); mixed-valent (IV/II) compounds of the type RTeX2TeR are also known. This chapter surveys the availability and/or preparative methods for these widely used reagents followed by examples of their applications in synthetic inorganic and organic selenium and tellurium chemistry. For both the binary halides and their organic derivatives, the discussion is subdivided according to the formal oxidation state of the chalcogen.
Green chemistry and the grand challenges of sustainability
Authors: Noce Anthony M. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In its simplest form, green chemistry may be defined as the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the generation of hazardous substances. The brief history of green chemistry is marked with extraordinary creativity and accomplishments in meeting the “triple bottom line” of sustainability in economic, social, and environmental performance. Green chemistry is about redesigning chemical processes from the ground up, and it goes hand in hand with the sustainable practice of chemistry. We need to start at the undergraduate level, and to provide a better foundation in green chemistry and systems thinking if we are to prepare a generation of chemists able to respond to the grand challenges of sustainability.
Introduction to cheminformatics for green chemistry education
Authors: Wathen Steven P. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The tools of cheminformatics are used for describing chemical structures for use in computer databases and in analyzing the connections between structure and molecular properties. As several aspects of Green Chemistry are also concerned with structure, properties and the relationships between them, cheminformatics provides tools that can be valuable in the teaching of Green Chemistry. This paper will provide an introduction to cheminformatics with a special emphasis on its value in chemical education and Green Chemistry.
An Ideal Model for a Merger and Acquisition Strategy in the Information Technology Industry: A Case Study for Investment in the Taiwanese Industrial Personal Computer Sector
Authors: Lin Hung-Lung , Cho Cheng-Chung 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In recent years, with the emergence of tablet personal computers and smartphones, information technology enterprises in Taiwan have achieved a low profit margin and have experienced competitive pressure. To arrest its decline, Taiwan’s information technology industry (ITI) must develop new products and employ different operating strategies. The merger and acquisition (M&A) strategy is one useful strategy for the growth and expansion of businesses. Many researchers have demonstrated that M&As can help enterprises build or maintain their advantageous position in the industrial life cycle. Therefore, M&As constitute an enterprise growth strategy that facilitates controllability and the most rapid growth on a business scale. In this study, we present a novel framework for evaluating M&A strategies and provide detailed computation examinations of the proposed framework, and real cases were used for the analyses. The results were consistent with those based on the proposed model. Crucially, the proposed model provides decision makers or administrators in the ITI with valuable references related to M&A or investment strategies, rendering it highly applicable for academic and management purposes.