bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microplasma‐Discharge‐Based Nitrogen Fixation Driven by Triboelectric Nanogenerator toward Self‐Powered Mechano‐Nitrogenous Fertilizer Supplier
Authors: Wong Man‐Chung , Xu Wei , Hao Jianhua 
Published: August 2019

AbstractDevelopment of novel nitrogen fixation technology is realistically significant for the fertilizer industry and agriculture. Traditional plasma‐induced nitrogen fixation technology is severely limited in some instances because this route generally requires a continuous power input with the features of complicated apparatus fabrication, high cost, nonportability, etc. Herein, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)‐driven microplasma discharge–based nitrogen fixation system is conceived by integrating a high‐voltage output TENG and a discharge reactor. The novel TENG has the capability to generate a high voltage of about 1300 V without additional auxiliary. The generated voltage can induce microplasma discharge under atmospheric environment in the discharge reactor, where nitrogen gas is successfully converted into nitrogen dioxide and nitric acid, and atmospheric nitrogen fixation is therefore realized. The TENG‐driven microplasma discharge‐based nitrogen fixation system can serve as a nitrogenous fertilizer supplier, and correspondingly, NaNO3 fertilizer is produced via driving the system by human walking stimuli for crop cultivation. A promising and energy‐saving atmospheric nitrogen fixation strategy with environmental friendliness, flexible operation, and high safety is offered.
Synthesis of Doped Porous 3D Graphene Structures by Chemical Vapor Deposition and Its Applications
Authors: Ullah Sami , Hasan Maria , Ta Huy Q. , Zhao Liang , Shi Qitao , Fu Lei , Choi Jinho , Yang Ruizhi , Liu Zhongfan , Rümmeli Mark H. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractGraphene doping principally commenced to compensate for its inert nature and create an appropriate bandgap. Doping of 3D graphene has emerged as a topic of interest because of attempts to combine its large available surface area—arising from its interconnected porous architecture—with superior catalytic, structural, chemical, and biocompatible characteristics that can be induced by doping. In light of the latest developments, this review provides an overview of the scalable chemical vapor deposition (CVD)‐based growth of doped 3D graphene materials as well as their applications in various contexts, such as in devices used for energy generation and gas storage and biosensors. In particular, single‐ and multielement doping of 3D graphene by various dopants (such as nitrogen (N), boron (B), sulfur (S) and phosphorous (P)), the doping configurations of the resultant materials, an overview of recent developments in the field of CVD, and the influence of various parameters of CVD on graphene doping and 3D morphologies are focused in this paper. Finally, this report concludes the discussion by mentioning the existing challenges and future opportunities of these developing graphitic materials, intending to inspire the unveiling of more exciting functionalized 3D graphene morphologies and their potential properties, which can hopefully realize many possible applications.
Rapid Biofilm Elimination on Bone Implants Using Near‐Infrared‐Activated Inorganic Semiconductor Heterostructures
Authors: Hong Li , Liu Xiangmei , Tan Lei , Cui Zhenduo , Yang Xianjin , Liang Yanqin , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Zheng Yufeng , Yeung Kelvin Wai Kwok , Jing Doudou , Zheng Dong , Wang Xianbao , Wu Shuilin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBacterial infections often cause orthopedic surgery failures. It is hard for the immune system and antibiotics to clear bacteria adhered to implants after they form a mature biofilm, and a secondary surgery is required to remove the infected implants. To avoid this, a hybrid coating of Bi2S3@Ag3PO4/Ti is prepared to eliminate biofilm using near‐infrared (NIR) light. Bi2S3 nanorod (NR) arrays are prepared on titanium (Ti) implants through hydrothermal methods, and Ag3PO4 nanoparticles (NPs) are loaded on Bi2S3 NR arrays using a stepwise electrostatic adsorption strategy. The introduction of Ag3PO4 NPs enhances the photocatalysis performances of Bi2S3, and the hybrid coating also exhibits good photothermal effects. After 808 nm light irradiation for 15 min, it shows superior bactericidal efficiency of 99.45% against Staphylococcus aureus, 99.74% against Escherichia coli in vitro, and 94.54% against S. aureus biofilm in vivo. Bi2S3@Ag3PO4/Ti also shows good cell viability compared to pure Ti. This NIR‐activated‐inorganic hybrid semiconductor heterojunction coating is biocompatible and could be employed to eliminate biofilm effectively, which makes it a very promising strategy for the surface modification of bone implant materials.
Dendrite‐Free Lithium Deposition via a Superfilling Mechanism for High‐Performance Li‐Metal Batteries
Authors: Wang Qian , Yang Chengkai , Yang Jijin , Wu Kai , Hu Cejun , Lu Jing , Liu Wen , Sun Xiaoming , Qiu Jingyi , Zhou Henghui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUncontrollable Li dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency severely hinder the application of lithium metal batteries. Although a lot of approaches have been developed to control Li deposition, most of them are based on inhibiting lithium deposition on protrusions, which can suppress Li dendrite growth at low current density, but is inefficient for practical battery applications, with high current density and large area capacity. Here, a novel leveling mechanism based on accelerating Li growth in concave fashion is proposed, which enables uniform and dendrite‐free Li plating by simply adding thiourea into the electrolyte. The small thiourea molecules can be absorbed on the Li metal surface and promote Li growth with a superfilling effect. With 0.02 m thiourea added in the electrolyte, Li | Li symmetrical cells can be cycled over 1000 cycles at 5.0 mA cm−2, and a full cell with LiFePO4 | Li configuration can even maintain 90% capacity after 650 cycles at 5.0 C. The superfilling effect is also verified by computational chemistry and numerical simulation, and can be expanded to a series of small chemicals using as electrolyte additives. It offers a new avenue to dendrite‐free lithium deposition and may also be expanded to other battery chemistries.
Uniform Spread of High‐Speed Drops on Superhydrophobic Surface by Live‐Oligomeric Surfactant Jamming
Authors: Luo Siqi , Chen Zhidi , Dong Zhichao , Fan Yaxun , Chen Yao , Liu Bin , Yu Cunlong , Li Chuxin , Dai Haoyu , Li Haofei , Wang Yilin , Jiang Lei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractInkjet printing of water‐based inks on superhydrophobic surfaces is important in high‐resolution bioarray detection, chemical analysis, and high‐performance electronic circuits and devices. Obtaining uniform spreading of a drop on a superhydrophobic surface is still a challenge. Uniform round drop spreading and high‐resolution inkjet printing patterns are demonstrated on superhydrophobic surfaces without splash or rebound after high‐speed impacting by introducing live‐oligomeric surfactant adhesion. During impact, the live‐oligomeric surfactant molecules aggregate into dynamic, wormlike micelle networks, which jam at the solid–liquid interface by entangling with the surface micro/nanostructures to pin the contact line and jam at the spreading periphery to keep the uniform spreading lamellar shape. This efficient uniform spreading of high‐speed impact drops opens a promising avenue to control drop impact dynamics and achieve high‐resolution printing.
Ordered Mesoporous Cobalt–Nickel Nitride Prepared by Nanocasting for Oxygen Evolution Reaction Electrocatalysis
Authors: Saad Ali , Cheng Zhixing , Zhang Xuyang , Liu Siqi , Shen Hangjia , Thomas Tiju , Wang Jiacheng , Yang Minghui 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTransition metal nitrides are of considerable interest for energy conversion and storage applications. Given this, synthesis of nanostructured 3D transition metal nitrides is of contemporary interest. Here, a hard templating simple and efficient pathway to synthesize 3D ordered‐mesoporous ternary nitrides NiCo2N is reported using the mesoporous silica KIT‐6 hard template. Benefitting from its large surface area and accessible pores, uniform shape, and enhanced infiltration capacity for electrolyte, mesoporous NiCo2N demonstrates superior electrode performance for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. As‐synthesized mesoporous ternary nitride NiCo2N shows desirable performance with very low overpotential (289 mV), and yields ≈10 mA cm−2 geometric current density. This is lower than the values of IrO2 and that of mesoporous binary nitrides CoN and Ni3N electrocatalysts. NiCo2N shows a small Tafel slope and smallest semicircle. Moreover, as‐synthesized NiCo2N exhibits low loss of activity after 10 h test for OER in alkaline solution. This work explores a promising way to produce OER electrocatalyst Co–Ni‐based ternary nitrides for water splitting applications.
Stick‐On Large‐Strain Sensors for Soft Robots
Authors: Cheng Sibo , Narang Yashraj S. , Yang Canhui , Suo Zhigang , Howe Robert D. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSoft robots require sensors that are soft, stretchable, and conformable to preserve their adaptivity and safety. In this work, hydrogels are successfully applied as large‐strain sensors for elastomeric structures such as soft robots. Following a simple surface preparation step based on silane chemistry, prefabricated sensors are strongly bonded to elastomers via a “stick‐on” procedure. This method separates the construction of the soft robot's structure and sensors, expanding the potential design space for soft robots that require integrated sensing. The adhesion strength is shown to exceed that of the hydrogel itself, and the sensor is characterized via quasi‐static, fatigue, and dynamic response tests. The sensor exhibits exceptional electrical and mechanical properties: it can sense strains exceeding 400% without damage, maintain stable performance after 1500 loading cycles, and has a working bandwidth of at least 10 Hz, which is sufficient for rapidly‐actuated soft robots. In addition, the hydrogel‐based large‐strain sensor is integrated into a soft pneumatic actuator, and the sensor effectively measures the actuator's configuration while allowing it to freely deform. This work provides “stick‐on” large‐strain sensors for soft robots and will enable novel functionality for wearable robots, potentially serving as a “sensing skin” through stimuli‐responsive hydrogels.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Reduction of Tertiary Amides with Hydrosilanes Using Unsupported Nanoporous Gold Catalyst
Authors: Zhao Yuhui , Zhang Sheng , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Bao Ming , Jin Tienan , Terada Masahiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe have demonstrated that the unsupported nanoporous gold (AuNPore) was a green and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the reduction of amides to amines using hydrosilanes as reductants. A variety of tertiary amides with a broad functional groups were reduced to the corresponding tertiary amines in the presence of 2 mol% of AuNPore and PheMe2SiH or (Me2SiH)2O under mild conditions. AuNPore catalyst was recovered by simple filtration and used for twelve times without any loss of catalytic activity. The AuNPore/hydrosilane system was also successfully applied to the hydrosilative reduction of sulfoxides and N‐oxides.magnified image
Nuclear Envelope Permeability Barrier as a Fast‐Response Intracellular Mechanostat
Authors: Shahin Victor , Kouzel Ivan U. , Rosso Gonzalo , Liashkovich Ivan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe nuclear envelope is an undisputed component of the intracellular mechanotransduction cascades which collect, process, and respond to mechanical stimuli from the environment. At the same time, the nuclear envelope performs the function of a selective barrier between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Although the mechanosensing and the barrier functions of the nuclear envelope have both been subjects of intense research, a possible reciprocal relationship between them is only beginning to emerge. In this report, the role of the nucleocytoplasmic permeability barrier is evaluated in nuclear mechanics. Using a combination of atomic force and confocal microscopy, the functional state of the nucleocytoplasmic permeability barrier and the nuclear mechanics is monitored. By modulating the stringency of the barrier and simulating the active transport imbalance across the nuclear envelope, the decisive impact of these parameters on nuclear mechanics is demonstrated. It is concluded that the nucleocytoplasmic barrier is the second essential component of the intracellular mechanostat function performed by the nuclear envelope.
A pilot study of Practice While Watch based 50 min school quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation classroom training: a cluster randomized control trial
Authors: Tanaka Shota , Hara Takahiro , Tsukigase Kyoko , Sagisaka Ryo , Myklebust Helge , Birkenes Tonje S. , Takyu Hiroshi , Kidokoro Yutaro , Tanaka Hideharu 
Published: August 2019

AimCardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training in schools can increase the rate of bystander CPR. We assessed whether a “Quality CPR (QCPR) Classroom” can support CPR performance by students trained by a teacher who is not a CPR instructor.MethodsA cluster randomized trial was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of a 50‐min Practice While Watch CPR training program enhanced by QCPR Classroom, which used 42 manikins connected by Bluetooth to real‐time feedback monitoring. Fifty‐seven students were divided into Group 1, taught by a non‐CPR‐instructor, and Group 2, taught by a CPR instructor. Psychomotor and cognitive tests were administered before and after training. Primary outcomes were post‐training compression depth and rate and percent of improvement in adequate depth, recoil, and overall score. The secondary outcome was risk improvement.ResultsPost‐training, Group 1 achieved 62.1 ± 7.7 mm and 118.0 ± 3.6 compressions/min whereas Group 2 achieved 57.4 ± 9.8 mm and 119.8 ± 5.4 compressions/min. The overall score improvement in percentage points was 36.4 ± 25.9% and 27.0 ± 27.7%, respectively (P ≤ 0.001 for both). The adequate depth improvement in percentage points was 22.4 ± 35.4% and 32.5 ± 40.0%, respectively (P = 0.33). Teaching by a non‐CPR instructor improved student cognitive knowledge.ConclusionsUsing a QCPR Classroom to enhance CPR teaching by a non‐CPR‐instructor results in similar or better outcomes compared to using a CPR instructor. Use of a Practice While Watch QCPR Classroom will provide adequate quality in preparing students for CPR.
Associations between cerebrovascular risk factors and parkinson disease
Authors: Kummer Benjamin R. , Diaz Iván , Wu Xian , Aaroe Ashley E. , Chen Monica L. , Iadecola Costantino , Kamel Hooman , Navi Babak B. 
Published: August 2019

ObjectiveTo determine whether cerebrovascular risk factors are associated with subsequent diagnoses of Parkinson disease, and whether these associations are similar in magnitude to those with subsequent diagnoses of Alzheimer disease.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study using claims data from a 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries from 2008 to 2015. The exposures were stroke, atrial fibrillation, coronary disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, sleep apnea, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, valvular heart disease, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson disease. The secondary outcome was a new diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Marginal structural Cox models adjusting for time‐dependent confounding were used to characterize the association between exposures and outcomes. We also evaluated the association between cerebrovascular risk factors and subsequent renal colic (negative control).ResultsAmong 1,035,536 Medicare beneficiaries followed for a mean of 5.2 years, 15,531 (1.5%) participants were diagnosed with Parkinson disease and 81,974 (7.9%) were diagnosed with Alzheimer disease. Most evaluated cerebrovascular risk factors, including prior stroke (hazard ratio = 1.55; 95% confidence interval = 1.39–1.72), were associated with the subsequent diagnosis of Parkinson disease. The magnitudes of these associations were similar, but attenuated, to the associations between cerebrovascular risk factors and Alzheimer disease. Confirming the validity of our analytical model, most cerebrovascular risk factors were not associated with the subsequent diagnosis of renal colic.InterpretationCerebrovascular risk factors are associated with Parkinson disease, an effect comparable to their association with Alzheimer disease. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:572–581
Generating a Squeezed‐Coherent‐Cat State in a Double‐Cavity Optomechanical System
Authors: Chao Shi‐Lei , Xiong Biao , Zhou Ling 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA squeezed‐coherent‐cat state (SCCS) in a mechanical system not only plays an important role for macroscopic quantum coherence, but also can be a carrier for quantum information. A scheme to generate a SCCS in a two‐mode optomechanical system is proposed, in which the modulated hopping interaction of two cavities is introduced. The two cavity modes couple with the same mechanical mode with linear and quadratic interaction, respectively. The SCCS is analytically deduced under an appropriate initial state, and the average phonon number and the parameter of squeeze are numerically calculated. Wigner function shown the properties of superposition and squeezing is plotted. Including the dissipation of the environment, the results show that a high quality mechanical resonator and a low noise environment are required to obtain high fidelity.
Biased Lewis Pairs: A General Catalytic Approach to Ether‐Ester Block Copolymers with Unlimited Ordering of Sequences
Authors: Liu Shan , Bai Tianwen , Ni Kang , Chen Ye , Zhao Junpeng , Ling Jun , Ye Xiaodong , Zhang Guangzhao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractPolymerizing epoxides after cyclic esters remains a major challenge, though their block copolymers have been extensively studied and used for decades. Reported here is a simple catalytic approach based on a metal‐free Lewis pair that addresses the challenge. When the Lewis acid is used in excess of a base, selective (transesterification‐free) polymerization of epoxides occurs in the presence of esters, while selectivity toward cyclic esters is achieved by an oppositely biased catalyst. Hence, one‐pot block copolymerization can be performed in both ester‐first and ether‐first orders with selectivity being switchable at any stage, yielding ether‐ester‐type block copolymers with unlimited ordering of sequences as well as widely variable compositions and architectures. The selectivity can also be switched back and forth several times to generate a multiblock copolymer. Experimental and calculational results indicate that the selectivity originates mainly from the state of catalyst‐activated hydroxy species.
Cs2Bi2O(Ge2O7) (CBGO): A Larger SHG Effect Induced by Synergistic Polarizations of BiO5 Polyhedra and GeO4 Tetrahedra
Authors: Tang Ru‐Ling , Hu Chun‐Li , Wu Bao‐Lin , Fang Zhi , Chen Yan , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA cesium bismuth germanate, Cs2Bi2O(Ge2O7) (CBGO), was synthesized by a traditional high‐temperature solid‐state reaction. Its structure features a 3D network composed of a 1D chains composed of Bi2O8 dimers that are further bridged by Ge2O7 dimers, forming tunnels of seven member rings (MRs) that are filled by the Cs+ cations. CBGO exhibits extraordinary larger second harmonic generation (SHG) response of about 13.7 times that of KDP (KH2PO4) under 1064 nm laser radiation and 1.1 times that of KTP (KTiOPO4) under 2.05 μm laser radiation, which is the highest among all of the metal germanates reported so far. CBGO possesses a moderate birefringence (0.073 at 1064 nm) and is phase matchable. Furthermore, CBGO melts congruently and exhibits high thermal stability.
Carbene‐Catalyzed Desymmetrization and Direct Construction of Arenes with All‐Carbon Quaternary Chiral Center
Authors: Zhu Tingshun , Liu Yingguo , Smetankova Marie , Zhuo Shitian , Mou Chengli , Chai Huifang , Jin Zhichao , Chi Yonggui Robin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMultisubstituted arenes such as indanes with attached all‐carbon quaternary centers are unique scaffolds in synthetic functional molecules and sophisticated natural products. A key challenge in preparing such molecules lies in the enantioselective installation of the quaternary carbon centers. Conventional methods in this direction include asymmetric substitution reactions and substrate‐controlled cyclization reactions. These reactions lead to poor stereoselectivities and/or require long and tedious synthetic steps. Disclosed here is a one‐step organic catalytic strategy for enantioselective access to this class of molecules. The reaction involves an N‐heterocyclic carbene catalyzed process for direct benzene construction, indane formation, remote‐carbon desymmetrization, and excellent chirality control. This approach will enable the concise synthesis of arene‐containing molecules, including those with complex structures and challenging chiral centers.
Pd‐Cu alloy nanoparticle supported on amine‐terminated ionic liquid functional 3D graphene and its application on Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction
Authors: Ru Yu , Huang Yanli , Wang Yuanyuan , Dai Liyi 
Published: August 2019

Well distributed Pd‐Cu bimetallic alloy nanoparticles supported on amine‐terminated ionic liquid functional three‐dimensional graphene (3D IL‐rGO/Pd‐Cu) as an efficient catalyst for Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction has been prepared via a facile synthetic method. The introduction of IL‐NH2 cations on the surface of graphene sheets can effectively avoid the re‐deposition of graphene sheets, allowing the catalyst to be reused up to 10 cycles. The addition of Cu not only saves cost but also ensures high catalytic efficiency. It is worthy to note that the catalyst 3D IL‐rGO/Pd2.5Cu2.5 can efficiently catalyze the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction with the yield up to 100% in 0.25 h, almost one‐fold higher than that by the pristine IL‐rGO/Pd2.5 catalyst (52%). The Powder X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), combining energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping results confirm the existence and distribution of Pd and Cu in the bimetallic nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals the nanoparticle size with an average diameter of 3.0 ± 0.5 nm. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis proved the presence of electron transfer from Cu to Pd upon alloying. Such alloying‐induced electronic modification of Pd‐Cu alloy and 3D ionic liquid functional graphene with large specific surface area both accounted for the catalytic enhancement.
A Practical Guide to Performance Improvement: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
Authors: Dawson Anthony 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article discusses the process of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and how it relates to performance improvement (PI) and the development of high reliability organizations. As a proactive process, PI team members can use FMEA to identify and prioritize risk before errors occur in health care environments. This tool comprises steps to assess the failure risk of a process, system, or function before the failure occurs. Performance improvement team members can use FMEA as an additional tool to guide them when working to create a culture of safe patient care and improve patient outcomes. After reviewing this article, the reader should have a better understanding of FMEA, how to implement it, and how it supports PI processes and high reliability organizations. This is the fourth article of a six‐part series about performance improvement.