bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis B and renal function: A matched study comparing non‐hepatitis B, untreated, treated and cirrhotic hepatitis patients
Authors: Vu Vinh , Trinh Sam , Le An , Johnson Tiffani , Hoang Joseph , Jeong Donghak , Henry Linda , Barnett Scott , Cheung Ramsey , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground & AimRenal impairment is associated with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). To overcome prior study design differences, we used propensity score matching to balance the non‐CHB and CHB cohorts and generalized linear modelling (GLM, models using probit and logit linking functions for complex models) to evaluate the effect of CHB, treatment and cirrhosis on renal function.MethodsA retrospective cohort (1996‐2017) from one U.S. university medical centre. Included patients had ≥12 months of serial creatinine laboratories and a baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Propensity score matching was performed using age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, hypertension and baseline eGFR. GLM was performed to generate adjusted mean eGFR over time.ResultsAdjusted mean eGFR was significantly higher for non‐CHB vs. untreated CHB patients (eGFR 87.4 vs. 85.6, P= 0.004, n = 580, median follow‐up = 82 months). A significant difference in adjusted mean eGFR between untreated vs. entecavir (ETV)‐treated CHB patients (eGFR 85.1 vs. 83.5, P= 0.02, n = 340, median follow‐up = 70 months) was found among non‐cirrhotic CHB. Among treated CHB, there was no difference in adjusted mean eGFR between non‐cirrhotic vs. cirrhotic patients (eGFR 77.0 vs. 76.5; P= 0.66, n = 112, median follow‐up = 58 months).ConclusionAfter PSM and GLM, the significant predictors for worsening renal function were age, hypertension and diabetes mellitus but not CHB, ETV or cirrhosis. However, given small sample size, data regarding the use of ETV in patients with cirrhosis should be interpreted with caution and requires additional investigation.
Genetic diversity and population demography of narrow‐ridged finless porpoises from South Korea on the basis of mitochondrial DNA variation: Implications for its conservation in East Asia
Authors: Lee Seon‐Mi , Park Kyum Joon , Kim Byung‐Yeob , Min Mi‐Sook , Lee Hang , Lee Mu‐Yeong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe narrow‐ridged finless porpoise, Neophocaena asiaeorientalis, is a small cetacean inhabiting the coastal waters of Taiwan, East China, Korea, and Japan, and is threatened by anthropogenic pressures. We analyzed the mitochondrial control region of N. asiaeorientalis from Korean waters to better understand the genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic history through comparison with previously reported sequences from Japan and China. The network and phylogenetic analyses illustrated that few common haplotypes were centrally located, and that most of the unique haplotypes were on the edges of the branches. Moreover, the estimates of fixation indices and gene flow revealed significant genetic differentiation among the regions in East Asia. The mismatch distribution suggested a population expansion in the late Pleistocene. We propose that the current genetic variation in N. asiaeorientalis in East Asia was shaped by historical demographic expansion during the late Pleistocene. The N. asiaeorientalis of Korean waters has the highest diversity observed with the sampling available at this time. However, the abundance of N. asiaeorientalis in Korean waters has rapidly declined and the species needs protection from bycatch.
HEartLight guided – PUre Pulmonary Vein Isolation Regardless of Concomitant Atrial Substrate: HEURECA Study
Authors: Nagase Takahiko , Bordignon Stefano , Perrotta Laura , Bologna Fabrizio , Tsianakas Nikolaos , Chen Shaojie , Konstantinou Athanasios , Chun Julian K.R. , Schmidt Boris 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear whether left atrial low‐voltage area (LALVA) affects atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence after laser balloon pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for atrial fibrillation (AF). We prospectively evaluated the outcome of laser balloon PVI in patients with and without LALVA (≤ 0.5 mV) together with surface/intracardiac electrophysiological criteria.MethodsOne hundred consecutive paroxysmal/persistent AF patients underwent laser balloon PVI. The relative extent of LALVA (extent of LALVA/left atrial surface area × 100 [%]: rLALVA), total p‐wave duration in lead II (PWD), and time interval from the beginning of p‐wave to the local activation in left atrial appendage (TTLAA) were assessed. Patients were divided into patients with LALVA (group A: 23 patients) and those without LALVA (group B: 77 patients). The primary endpoint was freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmia after the blanking periods.ResultsComplete PVI was achieved in 99/100 (99%) patients. PWD and TTLAA were longer in group A (both, P < 0.001). During 12 months’ follow‐up, survival free from atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence was lower in group A (12/23 [52%] patients vs 67/77 [87%] patients, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified rLALVA as the only independent predictor of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence. rLALVA correlated with PWD and TTLAA (r = 0.41, P < 0.001 and r = 0.60, P < 0.001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic curve for rLALVA revealed PWD of 122 ms and TTLAA of 92 ms as the optimal cut‐off value.ConclusionLALVA was associated with poorer outcome after laser balloon PVI. Patients may be identified by longer PWD and TTLAA.
Diagnosing atopic dermatitis in infancy: Questionnaire reports vs criteria‐based assessment
Authors: Dharma Christoffer , Lefebvre Diana L. , Tran Maxwell M. , Lu Zihang , Lou Wendy Y. W. , Subbarao Padmaja , Becker Allan B. , Mandhane Piush J. , Turvey Stuart E. , Moraes Theo J. , Azad Meghan B. , Sears Malcolm R. ,   the CHILD Study Investigators
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundPersisting atopic dermatitis (AD) is known to be associated with more serious allergic diseases at later ages; however, making an accurate diagnosis during infancy is challenging. We assessed the diagnostic performance of questionnaire‐based AD measures with criteria‐based in‐person clinical assessments at age 1 year and evaluated the ability of these diagnostic methods to predict asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergies at age 5 years.MethodsData relate to 3014 children participating in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Study who were directly observed in a clinical assessment by an experienced healthcare professional using the UK Working Party criteria. The majority (2221; 73.7%) of these children also provided multiple other methods of AD ascertainment: a parent reporting a characteristic rash on a questionnaire, a parent reporting the diagnosis provided by an external physician and a combination of these two reports.ResultsRelative to the direct clinical assessment, the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve for a parental report of a characteristic rash, reported physician diagnosis and a combination of both were, respectively, 0.60, 0.69 and 0.70. The strongest predictor of asthma at 5 years was AD determined by criteria‐based in‐person clinical assessment followed by the combination of parental and physician report.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that questionnaire data cannot accurately substitute for assessment by experienced healthcare professionals using validated criteria for diagnosis of atopic dermatitis. Combining the parental report with diagnosis by a family physician might sometimes be appropriate (eg to avoid costs of a clinical assessment).
Bayesian Forecasting of Mortality Rates by Using Latent Gaussian Models
Authors: Alexopoulos Angelos , Dellaportas Petros , Forster Jonathan J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe provide forecasts for mortality rates by using two different approaches. First we employ dynamic non-linear logistic models based on the Heligman–Pollard formula. Second, we assume that the dynamics of the mortality rates can be modelled through a Gaussian Markov random field. We use efficient Bayesian methods to estimate the parameters and the latent states of the models proposed. Both methodologies are tested with past data and are used to forecast mortality rates both for large (UK and Wales) and small (New Zealand) populations up to 21 years ahead. We demonstrate that predictions for individual survivor functions and other posterior summaries of demographic and actuarial interest are readily obtained. Our results are compared with other competing forecasting methods.
Cash Transfers, Early Marriage, and Fertility in Malawi and Zambia
Authors: Dake Fidelia , Natali Luisa , Angeles Gustavo , de Hoop Jacobus , Handa Sudhanshu , Peterman Amber ,   on behalf of the Malawi Cash Transfer Evaluation Team and the Zambia Cash Transfer Evaluation Team
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the ability of cash transfers to facilitate safe transitions to adulthood in low‐income settings; however, evidence from scaled‐up government programming demonstrating this potential is scarce. Using two experimental evaluations of unconditional cash transfers targeted to ultra‐poor and labor‐constrained households over approximately three years in Malawi and Zambia, we examine whether cash transfers delayed early marriage and pregnancy among youth aged 14 to 21 years at baseline. Although we find strong impacts on poverty and schooling, two main pathways hypothesized in the literature, we find limited impacts on safe transition outcomes for both males and females. In addition, despite hypotheses that social norms may constrain potential impacts of cash transfer programs, we show suggestive evidence that pre‐program variation in social norms across communities does not significantly affect program impact. We conclude with policy implications and suggestions for future research.
Phylogenetic relationships among Bombycidae s.l. (Lepidoptera) based on analyses of complete mitochondrial genomes
Authors: Wang Xing , Chen Zhuang‐Mei , Gu Xing‐Shi , Wang Min , Huang Guo‐Hua , Zwick Andreas 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe family Bombycidae (sensu Minet, 1994) is a diverse group of species belonging to the superfamily Bombycoidea. It is an economically important group of moth species, containing well‐known silk‐producing insects, as well as many pests of agriculture and forestry. The morphology‐based hypothesis of Minet (1994) on the composition of Bombycidae is in conflict with subsequent phylogenetic hypotheses for the superfamily based on nuclear genes. In this paper, the complete mitochondrial genomes of nine species of Bombycidae are presented for the first time. Based on these genomes, four dataset partitions and threegblocksparameter settings, phylogenetic relationships among Bombycidae were reconstructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Bombycidae was confirmed as a polyphyletic group, with the traditional subfamilies Prismostictinae and Oberthueriinae forming a single well‐supported clade that is distant to Bombycinae. The phylogenetic relationships within Bombycoidea were supported as ((((Bombycinae, Sphingidae), Saturniidae), (Prismostictinae, Oberthueriinae)), Eupterotidae).
M:N Object matching on multiscale datasets based on MBR combinatorial optimization algorithm and spatial district
Authors: Liu Lingjia , Zhu Xinyan , Zhu Daoye , Ding Xiaohui 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObject matching is critical for updating, maintaining, integrating, and quality assessing spatial data. However, matching data are often obtained from different sources and have problems of positional discrepancy and different levels of detail. To resolve these problems, this article presents a multiscale polygonal object‐matching approach, called the minimum bounding rectangle combinatorial optimization (MBRCO) with spatial district (SD). This method starts with the MBRCO algorithm and its enhancement using the SD to find corresponding MBRs of one‐to‐one, one‐to‐many, and many‐to‐many matching pairs. Then, it aligns the MBRs of the matching pairs to identify object‐matching pairs, which are evaluated using a matching criterion to find geometrically corresponding objects. Our approach was experimentally validated using two topographical datasets at 1:2k and 1:10k. The proposed approach outperforms the common two‐way area overlap method and another method based on the contextual information and relaxation labeling algorithm. The proposed method achieved accurate aggregation of the many‐to‐many matching pairs under the positional discrepancy scenario.
Aging‐associated perifollicular changes and calcium deposition in poodles
Authors: Miragliotta Vincenzo , Buonamici Sharon , Coli Alessandra , Abramo Francesca 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundIt is commonly accepted that canine dystrophic mineralization of the hair follicle glassy membrane can be seen in hyperadrenocorticism and as a senile change in poodles. Pathology textbooks define this change as deposition of calcium salts in the form of basophilic, amorphous, granular material along collagen fibrils.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe aim was to evaluate whether the incidence of the lesion is specific to poodles and if it is always associated with calcium deposition.AnimalsOne hundred and forty‐seven dogs divided into three groups: (i) 91 normal poodles; (ii) 40 dogs of other breeds; and (iii) 16 dogs with clinical/histopathological diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism.Methods and materialsRetrospective study; with haematoxylin and eosin, and von Kossa staining.ResultsOur findings demonstrate that perifollicular changes of the hair follicle glassy membrane of poodles are not always associated with calcium deposition.Conclusions and clinical importanceA specific staining is needed to identify true calcium deposition when performing histological examination of the skin of poodles.
The prevalence of temporal bone fractures is high in horses with severe temporohyoid osteoarthropathy
Authors: Tanner Jacqui , Spriet Mathieu , Espinosa‐Mur Pablo , Estell Krista E. , Aleman Monica 
Published: November 2018

AbstractTemporohyoid osteoarthropathy is a well‐recognized cause of equine neurologic disease. Temporal bone fractures associated with temporohyoid osteoarthropathy have been recognized with CT, however, little information is available regarding these fractures. The aims of this retrospective analytical study were to assess the prevalence of these fractures and to describe the specific configurations and associated imaging and clinical features. Fracture of the temporal bone was identified with CT in 16 of 39 included horses. All fractures were unilateral, minimally displaced and extended through the temporal bone in a rostrodorsal to caudoventral orientation. Two fracture configurations were identified: in nine cases, the fracture extended the full width of the petrous pyramid into the cranial vault and in seven cases, the fracture only extended through the lateral part of the petrous temporal bone, not involving the cranial vault. Fusion of the temporohyoid joint was present in 13 of the 16 fracture cases. Quarter Horses were over‐represented in the fractured population (14/16). All horses with fractures had ipsilateral neurologic deficits. Patient outcomes were not significantly different between temporohyoid osteoarthropathy horses with and without temporal bone fractures (P = 0.68). However, six of the nine patients with cranial vault involvement did not return to their previous use. Findings support previous studies indicating that temporal bones should be carefully assessed for concurrent fractures when temporohyoid osteoarthropathy is identified in CT images, especially when there is fusion of the temporohyoid joint. An improved awareness of specific fracture configurations will help with detection of these fractures.
APOCALYPSES NOW: MODERN SCIENCE AND BIBLICAL MIRACLES: THE BOYLE LECTURE 2018
Authors: Harris Mark 
Published: November 2018

AbstractI explore an intriguing area that has crept under the radar of today's science‐and‐theology conversation, namely, scientific studies of the big miracle and catastrophe stories of the Bible (e.g., Noah's flood, or the plagues of Egypt). These studies have proposed naturalistic explanations for some of the most spectacular and unlikely of the biblical miracles. While the scientists believe their naturalistic interpretations represent a major advance in understanding the stories, professional biblical scholars show little interest, or are openly disdainful. I will point out the striking parallels with the foundational “catastrophism‐uniformitarianism” controversy in nineteenth‐century geology, and will suggest that the debate also takes us toward a novel kind of natural theology when we consider the biblical miracle and catastrophe texts. Here, the spectacular scientific explanations do not deny the miraculous character of the biblical stories so much as provide a uniquely modern purchase on their transcendent quality.
RELOCATING THE CONFLICT BETWEEN SCIENCE AND RELIGION AT THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE
Authors: Ungureanu James C. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHistorians of science and religion usually trace the origins of the “conflict thesis,” the notion that science and religion have been in perennial “conflict” or “warfare,” to the late nineteenth century, particularly to the narratives of New York chemist John William Draper and historian Andrew Dickson White. In this essay, I argue against that convention. Their narratives should not be read as stories to debunk, but rather as primary sources reflecting themes and changes in religious thought during the late nineteenth century. I contend that Draper and White were part of a long liberal Protestant heritage that emphasized history, reason, and religious emancipation against ecclesiastical authority. As an alternative source of origins, however, I suggest that the real “conflict thesis” is to be found in the fledgling discipline of the history of science as it emerged during the late nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century. The real origin of the “conflict thesis” is found in the very discipline that now seeks to condemn it.
Immediate postnatal contraception: what women know and think
Authors: Thwaites Annette , Logan Louise , Nardone Anthony , Mann Sue 
Published: November 2018

IntroductionPostpartum women are at risk of rapid repeat, unplanned pregnancy with associated adverse outcomes for mother and child. We aimed to better understand their contraceptive needs to improve delivery of services and prevent unplanned pregnancies.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of women on the postnatal ward of an inner-city hospital was administered over a 6-week period in June and July 2017 to determine their level of knowledge, intentions and preferences regarding postnatal contraception.Results272 women were surveyed: 86% of all women on the postnatal ward during the study period. 10% (26/272) had never used any method of contraception previously and 22% (59/272) had ever used a long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) method. 18% (48/272) recalled a health professional speaking to them about contraception at any point during their pregnancy and 32% (87/272) said they needed more information to decide on their postnatal contraceptive method. 54% (147/272) of women did not think any LARC methods were safe immediately postnatally, rising to 71% (194/272) if breastfeeding. However, 47% (129/272) of women said that they would prefer to get their contraception from the ward before discharge and 46% (126/272) were likely to accept LARC, if safe, in this setting.ConclusionsAlmost half the women in our survey would welcome provision of postnatal contraception, including LARC, on the postnatal ward but the women surveyed currently lack the knowledge to make informed choices in this setting. There is therefore a need for effective, tailored contraceptive choices discussions with every woman during pregnancy, as well as integrated planning for postnatal provision of the woman’s chosen method.
Sedimentology, architecture and depositional setting of the fluvial Spireslack Sandstone of the Midland Valley, Scotland: insights from the Spireslack surface coal mine
Authors: Ellen R. , Browne M. A. E. , Mitten A. J. , Clarke S. M. , Leslie A. G. , Callaghan E. 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The Spireslack surface coal mine exposes a section in the Carboniferous Lawmuir Formation (Brigantian) into the Upper Limestone Formation (Arnsbergian). This paper describes the stratigraphy exposed at Spireslack and, in so doing, names for the first time the Spireslack Sandstone, a distinctive erosively based, sandstone-dominated unit in the Upper Limestone Formation. The Spireslack Sandstone consists of two fluvial sandstone channel sets and an upper, possibly fluvio-estuarine, succession. From an analysis of their internal architectural elements, the channel sets are interpreted as a low-sinuosity, sand-dominated, mixed-load fluvial system in which avulsion and variations in sediment load played a significant part. The lower channel set appears to be confined to erosional palaeovalleys of limited lateral extent and significant relief. The upper channel set is much more laterally extensive and shows evidence of a generally lower sediment load with a greater degree of lateral accretion and flooding. Consequently, the Spireslack Sandstone may represent a system responding to base level changes of higher magnitude and longer duration than the glacio-eustatic scale commonly attributed to Carboniferous fluvio-deltaic cycles. The Spireslack Sandstone may represent an important correlative marker in the Carboniferous of the Midland Valley and may provide an alternative analogue for some Carboniferous fluvial sandstone stratigraphic traps.