bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Satisfaction and Patients' Family or Significant Other Perceptions After OnabotulinumtoxinA Treatment: A Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Montes José R. , Ubale Ruhi V. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment is associated with improved emotional well-being in patients.

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine satisfaction with onabotulinumtoxinA treatment in patients naive to neurotoxin treatment and patients with previous experience with the procedure and evaluate treatment impact on patients' partners, “significant others,” or close family members.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients' satisfaction and their family's/significant other's perception to treatment outcome were assessed in a prospective, cross-sectional study using standardized questionnaires.

RESULTS
OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment was associated with high patient satisfaction ranging from 80% to 100%. Study patients (61 patients) reported that their faces appeared to be more balanced and symmetrical (mean difference, 1.05) and that they looked much better in photographs (mean difference, 1.43), with their significant others also noting the improvement in appearance. Overall, 98% of patients expressed that they would undergo retreatment, and 100% expressed that they would recommend the procedure to others. The main obstacle for treatment repetition was economic constraints (26%).

CONCLUSION
OnabotulinumtoxinA treatment is one of the most precise and predictable cosmetic treatments available, with high patient satisfaction (97%). A positive outcome of onabotulinumtoxinA treatment, as expressed by patients surveyed using standardized questionnaires, was the appreciation and acceptance by those in close contact with them.
A Retrospective Study of Chinese-Specific Glabellar Contraction Patterns
Authors: Hsieh Daniel Meng-Yen , Zhong Shaomin , Tong Xinyun , Yuan Chen , Yang Li , Yao Anna Yuan , Zhou Cheryl , Wu Yan 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Botulinum toxin has been widely accepted as safe and effective for the treatment of glabellar lines, and previous studies have classified glabellar contraction patterns into 5 categories.

OBJECTIVE
To classify the glabellar contraction patterns among a large-scale Chinese population and provide a reference for injections in Chinese patients.

METHODS
Four hundred eighty-nine Chinese subjects who received botulinum toxin for the treatment of glabellar lines were selected for a retrospective photographic analysis of their glabellar contraction patterns. Using 2 separate previously established classification systems, the patterns were analyzed and classified by a panel of certified Chinese dermatologists.

RESULTS
Two separate classification systems showed different distributions of glabellar contraction patterns among Chinese compared with Caucasians and Koreans. The classifications allowed for identification of the most frequent patterns in Chinese, which were “converging arrows” and “11” pattern, and provided references for identifying the most important muscles.

CONCLUSION
Both classification systems are applicable to the Chinese population with varying distributions. Because the classification system of de Almeida and colleagues focuses more on the muscles involved in the formation of glabellar lines, the authors' subjects classified according to this system displayed a more balanced distribution among the 5 patterns. This provides an easier reference for dermatologists in daily clinical practice and guiding treatment strategies.
Lip and Perioral Enhancement With Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers in Individuals With Skin of Color
Authors: Taylor Susan C. , Downie Jeanine B. , Shamban Ava , Few Julius , Weichman Barry M. , Schumacher Andrew , Gallagher Conor J. 
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND
Individuals with skin of color are underrepresented in studies of lip and perioral enhancement.

OBJECTIVE
To examine the effectiveness and safety of hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal filler treatment for lip and perioral enhancement in subjects with skin of color.

METHODS
Data were pooled from subjects with Fitzpatrick skin phototypes IV, V, or VI in 2 pivotal studies of HA dermal fillers. Photonumeric scales were used to assess lip fullness (5-point scale) and perioral lines and oral commissures severity (each 4-point scales). Safety was assessed by injection site responses recorded in patient diaries and adverse events (AEs).

RESULTS
The cohort comprised 72 subjects (median age: 49.5 years; 95.8% female). Mean lip fullness improved from baseline by 1.1 points at 3 months after treatment; 85.0% of subjects were responders (≥1-point improvement). Of subjects treated for perioral lines (n = 12) and oral commissures (n = 56), 90.9% and 46.4%, respectively, were responders. Injection site responses were generally mild or moderate in severity, resolved within 2 weeks, and were consistent with those expected for HA dermal filler treatment. The most common AEs were injection site mass (19.4%) and bruising (12.5%).

CONCLUSION
Lip and perioral enhancement with HA dermal fillers is effective and safe in subjects with skin of color.
Opioid prescribing after childbirth: overprescribing and chronic use
Authors: Osmundson Sarah S. , Min Jea Young , Grijalva Carlos G. 
Published: February 2019

Purpose of review
Overprescribing opioids contributes to the epidemic of drug overdoses and deaths in the United States. Opioids are commonly prescribed after childbirth especially after caesarean, the most common major surgery. This review summarizes recent literature on patterns of opioid overprescribing and consumption after childbirth, the relationship between opioid prescribing and chronic opioid use, and interventions that can help reduce overprescribing.

Recent findings
It is estimated that more than 80% of women fill opioid prescriptions after caesarean birth and about 54% of women after vaginal birth, although these figures vary greatly by geographical location and setting. After opioid prescriptions are filled, the median number of tablets used after caesarean is roughly 10 tablets and the majority of opioids dispensed (median 30 tablets) go unused. The quantity of opioid prescribed influences the quantity of opioid used. The risk of chronic opioid use related to opioid prescribing after birth may seem not high (annual risk: 0.12–0.65%), but the absolute number of women who are exposed to opioids after childbirth and become chronic opioid users every year is very large. Tobacco use, public insurance and depression are associated with chronic opioid use after childbirth. The risk of chronic opioid use among women who underwent caesarean and received opioids after birth is not different from the risk of women who received opioids after vaginal delivery.

Summary
Women are commonly exposed to opioids after birth. This exposure leads to an increased risk of chronic opioid use. Physician and providers should judiciously reduce the amount of opioids prescribed after childbirth, although more research is needed to identify the optimal method to reduce opioid exposure without adversely affecting pain management.
Initial Clinical Results of the eyeWatch: a New Adjustable Glaucoma Drainage Device Used in Refractory Glaucoma Surgery
Authors: Roy Sylvain , Villamarin Adan , Stergiopulos Constantinos , Bigler Stéphane , Guidotti Jacopo , Stergiopulos Nikolaos , Kniestedt Christoph , Mermoud André 
Published: February 2019

Précis:
In this study, we report clinical results after implantation of an adjustable glaucoma drainage device. The intraocular pressure (IOP) profile was efficiently controlled postoperatively as the resistance to aqueous humor outflow was finely adjusted.

Purpose:
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the new adjustable glaucoma drainage device eyeWatch used in conjunction with a Baerveldt glaucoma implant in refractory glaucoma.

Patients and Methods:
This was a multicentric, prospective, noncomparative clinical trial. Patients older than 18 years of age suffering from refractory glaucoma after failed surgeries, with IOP of ≥20 mm Hg, in whom a further glaucoma procedure using an aqueous shunt was planned, were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome was the success rate, defined as an IOP≤18 mm Hg and reduction of >20% from baseline, IOP≥6 mm Hg. Secondary outcomes were mean IOP, visual acuity, number of antiglaucoma medications, number, and type of complications.

Results:
Fifteen patients were included. The mean follow-up time was 15.6±3.5 months. The mean baseline IOP decreased from 26.2±6.8 mm Hg before surgery to 11.9±2.8 mm Hg at 12 months (P<0.001). The mean number of glaucoma medications decreased from 3.0±0.7 before surgery to 0.8±0.9 at last visit (P<0.001). The success rate was 40% for complete success and 93% for overall success at last follow-up. Complication rate was 7%.

Conclusions:
The novel glaucoma device allows for perioperative and postoperative noninvasive adjustments of the resistance to aqueous humor outflow. This leads to better management of IOP during the early postoperative period, preventing ocular hypotony and eliminating the need for obstructive elements and reinterventions. The rate of complications was low, IOP was adequately controlled and lowered, with a substantial reduction in the number of antiglaucoma medication.
Evidence-Based Design Has a Sustainable Positive Effect on Patients' Perceptions of Quality of Care in Forensic Psychiatry: A 3-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Wijk Helle , Degl' Innocenti Alessio , Kullgren Anette , Alexiou Eirini 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT
This prospective longitudinal study aimed to assess the sustainable effect on patients' assessment of ward atmosphere and quality of care at three forensic psychiatric clinics relocated to new facilities built with the latest evidence-based healthcare environment design to support recovery. Baseline data were collected in the old facilities and during three follow-ups after relocation, between 2010 and 2016. Of 74 patients who gave informed consent to participate, 58 patients (100%) answered the questionnaires at baseline, with 25 patients (43%) completing them at Follow-up 1, 11 patients (19%) at Follow-up 2, and seven patients (12%) at Follow-up 3. This study provides evidence that the mean values of patients' perceptions of care quality in these forensic psychiatric facilities increased when moving to new buildings and were stable up to 3 years after relocation, which was statistically significant in the domain of secluded environment (p < 0.05). The sample size at Follow-up 3 was small, and thus the results are limited, which indicates that further research is needed to confirm the findings.
Work and Health Correlates of Sleep Quantity and Quality Among Correctional Nurses
Authors: Zhang Yuan , El Ghaziri Mazen , Dugan Alicia G. , Castro Mary Ellen 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Background/Objectives
The correctional environment exposes nurses to unique physical and psychosocial work stressors, such as inmate violence and safety concerns. Nurses often experience short and poor sleep; however, the quantity and quality of sleep in this specialty practice group of nurses are underexplored. The study objective was to examine a wide range of work and health correlates of sleep quantity and quality in correctional nurses.

Methods
A Web-based survey was administered to nurses within a Northeastern State Correctional Healthcare System, covering questions on sleep quantity and quality, working conditions, health outcomes, and work outcomes.

Results
Among the 89 correctional nurses who participated, 56.2% reported short sleep duration (≤6 hours/day) and 31.8% reported poor sleep quality. Multivariate Poisson regression modeling suggested that night shift (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.95, p < 0.05) and single marital status (PR = 2.25, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with increased prevalence of short sleep duration, whereas none of the work and health variables were significantly associated with increased prevalence of poor sleep quality, after adjustment for sociodemographics and other covariates.

Conclusion
Correctional nurses experience a high prevalence of short and poor sleep. Similar to previous studies, we found that short sleep duration was associated with night shift work. Interventions targeting work schedule remodeling (e.g., reduce the number of consecutive night shifts) and shift work coping mechanisms may promote sleep health of correctional nurses.
Use of Supervised Exercise During Recovery Following Sports-Related Concussion
Authors: Popovich Michael , Almeida Andrea , Freeman Jeremiah , Eckner James T. , Alsalaheen Bara , Lorincz Matthew , Sas Andrew 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
To assess the safety of supervised exercise (SE) in acute sport-related concussion (SRC) and its influence on recovery.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
University SRC clinic at a tertiary care center.

Patients:
One hundred ninety-four consecutive new patient charts were reviewed. Patients were included if they were seen within 30 days of sustaining a SRC, and their medical records included all required data elements. One hundred twenty-six patients were included in the analysis.

Interventions:
Symptomatic patients who initiated SE within 16 days of SRC (n = 24) were compared with those who did not undergo SE or initiated SE after postinjury day 16 (n = 84). Age, sex, history of previous concussions, injury severity, relevant comorbidities, and other treatments received were included in the analysis.

Main Outcome Measures:
The association between early SE and clearance for return to sport was determined using a hazard ratio (HR). The number of days from SRC until clearance for return to sport and the number of days symptomatic from concussion were also compared between early SE and nonearly SE cohorts.

Results:
No serious adverse events occurred in the early SE group. Early SE was associated with earlier return to sport (HR = 2.35, P = 0.030). The early SE group had fewer days from SRC until clearance for return to sport (mean 26.5 ± 11.2 days vs 35.1 ± 26.5 days, P = 0.020). There was a trend toward fewer symptomatic days in the early SE group (P = 0.054).

Conclusion:
Early SE performed in the symptomatic stage of SRC was safe and associated with earlier return to sport.
Width of Patulous Eustachian Tube: Comparison of Assessment by Sonotubometry and Tubo-tympano-aerography
Authors: Ikeda Ryoukichi , Kawase Tetsuaki , Takata Iori , Suzuki Yoko , Sato Takeshi , Katori Yukio , Kobayashi Toshimitsu 
Published: February 2019

Objective:
To assess the accuracy of tubo-tympano-aerodynamic-graphy (TTAG) in the estimation of morphological severity of patulous Eustachian tube (PET), and to compare the results with that of sonotubometry in clinical cases and in model experiments.

Study Design:
Retrospective chart review and model experiment.

Setting:
Tertiary referral center.

Subjects:
A retrospective survey of medical records in Sen-En Rifu Hospital identified 26 patients (12 men and 14 women subjects aged 14–78 yr, average 49.4 ± 20.9 yr), comprising of 35 ears with PET. A definite diagnosis of PET was made for all patients based on the diagnostic criteria proposed by the Japan Otological Society.

Main Outcome Measures:
Commercial equipment for sonotubometry and TTAG (JK-05A; RION Co., Ltd., Kokubunji, Tokyo, Japan) were used in the following investigations. Model Experiment: The ET model was made using two truncated syringes with silicone barrels and a narrow connecting tube (0.2, 0.4, 0.58, 0.8, 1.00, 2.00, and 3.00 mm). Clinical Investigation: Morphological evaluation of ET patency was performed by a three-dimensional (3-D) CT (3D Accuitomo; Morita MFG. Corp., Kyoto, Japan) and analyzed by software (Integrated Information System i-VIEW; Morita MFG. Corp.).

Results:
The transmitted sound pressure level gradually increased as the tube caliber was widened up to 3 mm diameter. On the other hand, pressure transmission was suddenly elevated and reached a plateau at 0.58 mm in diameter. The cross-sectional area at the narrowest portion of the ET was significantly correlated with the sound attenuation from nostril to external auditory canal (EAC) (Spearman rank correlation test: r = –0.521, p < 0.001). In contrast, the cross-sectional area at the narrowest portion of the ET was not correlated with the pressure changes of TTAG (Spearman rank correlation test: r = 0.317, p = 0.64).

Conclusion:
Sound transmission assessed by sonotubometry could be more useful than pressure transmission assessed by TTAG to predict the morphological severity of PET.
Ilaprazole Compared With Rabeprazole in the Treatment of Duodenal Ulcer
Authors: Fan Li , Xianghong Qin , Ling Wang , Ying Han , Jielai Xia , Haitang Hu 
Published: February 2019

Goals:
The main goal of this study was to explore the dose-effect relationship of ilaprazole.

Background:
Ilaprazole is a kind of benzimidazole proton-pump inhibitor, which was confirmed efficacious and safe in treatment of duodenal ulcer (DU). However, the dose-effect relationship of ilaprazole was not clear.

Study:
This was a double-blind, parallel, randomized study. Patients aged above 18 years with at least one endoscopically confirmed active nonmalignant DU were treated with rabeprazole 10 mg or ilaprazole 10 mg/5 mg for 4 weeks. Healing of ulcer was determined by its resolution from active to scarring stage. Symptoms relief was evaluated using a graded score. Safety and tolerability were evaluated on basis of clinical assessments.

Results:
A total of 390 patients completed the study finally. Ulcers were successfully healed in 75.38%, 77.86%, and 83.72% of patients after 4-week treatment with rabeprazole 10 mg, ilaprazole 5 mg, and ilaprazole 10 mg, respectively. The 4-week healing rate difference between rabeprazole 10 mg and ilaprazole 5 mg was 2.48% (95% confidence interval: −7.79% to 12.74%) leading to accept the noninferiority hypothesis. Logistic regression model suggested that ilaprazole 10 mg was superior to ilaprazole 5 mg at week 2 (odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 3.59; P=0.04). Most patients (80%) became asymptomatic after treatment. At the dosages administered, the 3 drug groups exhibited similar efficacy and a similar safety profile.

Conclusions:
Ilaprazole 5 mg is not inferior to rabeprazole 10 mg in treating DU, and a dose-effect relationship have been revealed between 5 mg and 10 mg of ilaprazole.
Risk factors for resistance development against lamivudine during long-term treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus infections
Authors: Koukoulioti Eleni , Brodzinski Annika , Mihm Ulrike , Sarrazin Christoph , Jung Maria-Christina , Schott Eckart , Fülöp Balazs , Schlosser Beate , Berg Thomas , van Bömmel Florian 
Published: February 2019

Background/aim
The use of lamivudine for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is limited by high rates of lamivudine resistance. However, it is still in use in many regions. Factors associated with lamivudine resistance development have been studied in only a few European cohorts. The aim of our study was to assess the rate and risk factors for lamivudine resistance in a large real-life European cohort.

Patients and methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients with CHB treated in three German University centers over up to 12 years. Lamivudine resistance was defined as virologic breakthrough and presence of genotypic lamivudine resistance. The probability of resistance was estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and resistance predictors by Cox regression.

Results
A total of 227 patients were included into the analysis (hepatitis B envelope antigen positive or negative). Rates of lamivudine resistance by years 1–7 were 7, 26, 35, 41, 46, 53, and 55%, respectively. Interestingly, two hepatitis B envelope antigen-negative patients developed resistance during the year 12 of treatment. Independent risk factors for resistance development were hepatitis B virus DNA levels of at least 107 copies/ml before and detectable hepatitis B virus DNA by month 6 of treatment.

Conclusion
Even after long-term response to lamivudine more than 10 years, resistance may still develop. Our findings further discourage the use of lamivudine for the treatment of CHB.
Enhanced processing of von Willebrand factor reflects disease severity and discriminates severe portal hypertension in cirrhosis
Authors: Langholm Lasse L. , Manon-Jensen Tina , Karsdal Morten A. , Bendtsen Flemming , Leeming Diana J. , Møller Søren 
Published: February 2019

Objectives
Portal hypertension in cirrhosis is associated with endothelial dysfunction, impaired wound healing, and decreased platelet count. Increased von Willebrand factor (VWF) formation has been suggested as a compensatory mechanism, but the role of VWF processing has not been directly assessed. The aim was to measure the processing of activated VWF (VWF-A) in addition to VWF release (VWF-N) to investigate the association of primary hemostasis with disease activity and portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis.

Participants and methods
Plasma samples from 105 participants undergoing liver vein catheterization and with liver cirrhosis of varying severity were included in the study together with 20 controls without liver disease. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay format was used to estimate biomarkers of VWF turnover using neo-epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies.

Results
VWF-N levels and VWF-A levels were significantly elevated in cirrhotic patients compared with controls (P<0.0001), and both markers could discriminate mild from severe cirrhosis (VWF-N, P<0.0001; VWF-A, P<0.05). Both markers correlated well with increasing portal hypertension and could identify patients with clinically significant portal hypertension (VWF-N, area under the curve: 0.78; VWF-A, area under the curve: 0.67). Only VWF-A significantly separated compensated from decompensated patients (P<0.05).

Conclusion
The data indicate that both VWF release and processing of active VWF are increased in cirrhosis, reflecting ongoing wound healing initiation. VWF-N and VWF-A may specifically contain information to assess the presence and severity of PHT as an early indicator of cirrhosis, and for acute damage in decompensated cirrhosis. Whether the increased wound healing affects long-term outcome needs to be addressed in future studies.