bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Anisotropic GeSe Nanosheets for Phototransistors with Ultrahigh Photoresponsivity
Authors: Zhou Xing , Hu Xiaozong , Jin Bao , Yu Jing , Liu Kailang , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: June 2018

Abstract2D GeSe possesses black phosphorous‐analog‐layered structure and shows excellent environmental stability, as well as highly anisotropic in‐plane properties. Additionally, its high absorption efficiency in the visible range and high charge carrier mobility render it promising for applications in optoelectronics. However, most reported GeSe‐based photodetectors show frustrating performance especially in photoresponsivity. Herein, a 2D GeSe‐based phototransistor with an ultrahigh photoresponsivity is demonstrated. Its optimized photoresponsivity can be up to ≈1.6 × 105 A W−1. This high responsivity can be attributed to the highly efficient light absorption and the enhanced photoconductive gain due to the existence of trap states. The exfoliated GeSe nanosheet is confirmed to be along the [001] (armchair direction) and [010] (zigzag direction) using transmission electron microscopy and anisotropic Raman characterizations. The angle‐dependent electric and photoresponsive performance is systematically explored. Notably, the GeSe‐based phototransistor shows strong polarization‐dependent photoresponse with a peak/valley ratio of 1.3. Furthermore, the charge carrier mobility along the armchair direction is measured to be 1.85 times larger than that along the zigzag direction.
Discrimination of Avian Influenza Virus Subtypes using Host‐Cell Infection Fingerprinting by a Sulfinate‐based Fluorescence Superoxide Probe
Authors: Hong Seong Cheol , Murale Dhiraj P. , Jang Se‐Young , Haque Md. Mamunul , Seo Minah , Lee Seok , Woo Deok Ha , Kwon Junghoon , Song Chang‐Seon , Kim Yun Kyung , Lee Jun‐Seok 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe current gold‐standard diagnosis method for avian influenza (AI) is an embryonic egg‐based hemagglutination assay followed by immunoblotting or PCR sequencing to confirm subtypes. It requires, however, specialized facilities to handle egg inoculation and incubation, and the subtyping methods relied on costly reagents. Now, the first differential sensing approach to distinguish AI subtypes is demonstrated using series of cell lines and a fluorescent sensor. Susceptibility of AI virus differs depending on genetic backgrounds of host cells. Cells were examined from different organ origins, and the infection patterns against a panel of cells were utilized for AI virus subtyping. To quantify AI infection, a highly cell‐permeable fluorescent superoxide sensor was designed to visualize infection. This differential sensing strategy successfully proved discriminations of AI subtypes and demonstrated as a useful primary screening platform to monitor a large number of samples.
Kupfer‐katalysierte dehydrierende ortho‐Aminomethylierung von Phenolen
Authors: Yu Congjun , Patureau Frederic W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractEine hochselektive CuII‐katalysierte dehydrierende ortho‐Aminomethylierung von Phenolen mit Anilinderivaten wird beschrieben. Die C(sp2)‐C(sp3)‐Kupplungsprodukte konnten unter milden Bedingungen in mäßigen bis hervorragenden Ausbeuten mit einem breiten Anwendungsspektrum isoliert werden. Ein radikalischer Mechanismus wurde vorgeschlagen.
On‐Surface Bottom‐Up Synthesis of Azine Derivatives Displaying Strong Acceptor Behavior
Authors: Ruiz del Árbol Nerea , Palacio Irene , Otero‐Irurueta Gonzalo , Martínez José I. , de Andrés Pedro L. , Stetsovych Oleksander , Moro‐Lagares María , Mutombo Pingo , Svec Martin , Jelínek Pavel , Cossaro Albano , Floreano Luca , Ellis Gary J. , López María F. , Martín‐Gago José A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractOn‐surface synthesis is an emerging approach to obtain, in a single step, precisely defined chemical species that cannot be obtained by other synthetic routes. The control of the electronic structure of organic/metal interfaces is crucial for defining the performance of many optoelectronic devices. A facile on‐surface chemistry route has now been used to synthesize the strong electron‐acceptor organic molecule quinoneazine directly on a Cu(110) surface, via thermally activated covalent coupling of para‐aminophenol precursors. The mechanism is described using a combination of in situ surface characterization techniques and theoretical methods. Owing to a strong surface‐molecule interaction, the quinoneazine molecule accommodates 1.2 electrons at its carbonyl ends, inducing an intramolecular charge redistribution and leading to partial conjugation of the rings, conferring azo‐character at the nitrogen sites.
Adaptive fault‐tolerant control for a nonlinear flexible aircraft wing system
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Jinkun , He Wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFault‐tolerant control problems have been extensively studied in all kinds of control systems. However, there is little work on fault‐tolerant control for distributed parameter systems. In this paper, a novel adaptive fault‐tolerant boundary control scheme is proposed for a nonlinear flexible aircraft wing system against actuator faults. The whole system is regarded as a distributed parameter system, and the dynamic model of the flexible wing system is described by a set of partial differential equations (PDEs) and ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The proposed controller is designed by using the Lyapunov's direct method and adaptive control strategies. Based on the online estimation of actuator faults, the adaptive controller parameters can update automatically to compensate the actuator faults of the system. Besides, a fault‐tolerant controller is also developed for this system in the presence of external disturbances. Differing from existing works about adaptive fault‐tolerant control, the adaptive controller presented in this paper is designed for a distributed parameter system. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
Vehicle Dynamics Modeling and Electronic Stability Program/ Active Front Steering Sliding Mode Integrated Control
Authors: Fan Xiaobin , Zhao Zixiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChassis integrated control can significantly improve vehicle handling stability and comfort. Because of the complexity of the problem, it has attracted significant research attention. We built a vehicle nonlinear dynamic model with multi‐degree freedom, including body movement, wheel movement, and electronically controlled hydraulic power steering system. We compared the magic formula tire model, Dugoff tire model, brush tire model, and LuGre dynamic friction tire model and steady model. The precision of the model was verified by a comparison between simulation results and the real vehicle test results. Then, based on the vehicle dynamics model, an AFS (active front steering) controller was designed based on sliding mode variable structure control, and an AFS and ESP (electronic stability program) integrated coordination controller was proposed. Finally, based on the nonlinear tire model and multi‐DOF (degree of freedom) vehicle model, sinusoidal and step steering angle input simulation analysis was proposed on different road friction coefficients. The results show that the vehicle has better response characteristics with coordinated control strategy when compared with AFS and ESP only control. The evidence suggests that the proposed integrated control system in this paper can improve vehicle stability and safety.
Implementation of the HiBalance training program for Parkinson’s disease in clinical settings: A feasibility study
Authors: Joseph Conran , Leavy Breiffni , Mattsson Sara , Falk Lynn , Franzén Erika 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundTranslating evidence into practice requires adaptation to facilitate the implementation of efficacious interventions. A novel highly challenging balance training program (HiBalance) was found to improve gait, balance, and physical activity in persons with Parkinson’s disease (PD) in an earlier randomized controlled trial. This study aimed to describe the adaptation process and feasibility of implementing the HiBalance program for PD within primary healthcare settings.MethodFeasibility was assessed in terms of study processes and scientific evaluation. Nine persons with mild–moderate PD were enrolled in this pre–post feasibility study. The dose of the original program was adapted by reducing therapist‐led training sessions from three to two times weekly. Outcome measures were substituted with ones more clinically feasible. One group (n = 5) received HiBalance training three times weekly for 10 weeks while another (n = 4) trained twice weekly plus a once weekly home exercise program (HEP). Balance performance was the primary outcome, while secondary outcomes (e.g., gait speed, physical activity level, concerns of falling, and health‐related quality of life) were also evaluated.ResultsRegarding process feasibility, attendance was high (approximately 90%) in both groups, and experiences of the group and home training were positive. Newly selected outcome measures were feasible. The scientific evaluation revealed few adverse events and no serious injuries occurred. Concerning outcomes per group, the average change in balance performance and gait speed was equal to, or exceeded, the minimally worthwhile treatment effect commonly used in PD.ConclusionThe findings support the feasibility, in terms of process and scientific evaluation, of the adapted HiBalance program for implementation within clinical settings. A sufficiently powered study is required to ascertain whether the newly proposed program offers similar short and long‐term effects as the original program.
Not on my team: Medial prefrontal cortex responses to ingroup fusion and unfair monetary divisions
Authors: Apps Matthew A. J. , McKay Ryan , Azevedo Ruben T. , Whitehouse Harvey , Tsakiris Manos 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivePeople are highly attuned to fairness, with people willingly suffering personal costs to prevent others benefitting from unfair acts. Are fairness judgments influenced by group alignments? A new theory posits that we favor ingroups and denigrate members of rival outgroups when our personal identity is fused to a group. Although the mPFC has been separately implicated in group membership and fairness processing, it is unclear whether group alignments affect medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity in response to fairness. Here, we examine the contribution of different regions of the mPFC to processing from ingroup and outgroup members and test whether its response differs depending on how fused we are to an ingroup.MethodsSubjects performed rounds of the Ultimatum Game, being offered fair or unfair divisions of money from supporters of the same soccer team (ingroup), the fiercest rival (outgroup) or neutral individuals whilst undergoing functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI).ResultsStrikingly, people willingly suffered personal costs to prevent outgroup members benefitting from both unfair and fair offers. Activity across dorsal and ventral (VMPFC) portions of the mPFC reflected an interaction between fairness and group membership. VMPFC activity in particular was consistent with it coding one's fusion to a group, with the fairness by group membership interaction correlating with the extent that the responder's identity was fused to the ingroup.ConclusionsThe influence of fusion on social behavior therefore seems to be linked to processing in the VMPFC.
Safety and efficacy of combination therapy of interferon‐α2 and ruxolitinib in polycythemia vera and myelofibrosis
Authors: Mikkelsen Stine Ulrik , Kjær Lasse , Bjørn Mads Emil , Knudsen Trine Alma , Sørensen Anders Lindholm , Andersen Christen Bertel Lykkegaard , Bjerrum Ole Weis , Brochmann Nana , Fassi Daniel El , Kruse Torben A. , Larsen Thomas Stauffer , Mourits‐Andersen Hans Torben , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Pallisgaard Niels , Thomassen Mads , Skov Vibe , Hasselbalch Hans Carl 
Published: June 2018

AbstractInterferon‐α2 reduces elevated blood cell counts and splenomegaly in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and may restore polyclonal hematopoiesis. Its use is limited by inflammation‐mediated toxicity, leading to treatment discontinuation in 10‐30% of patients. Ruxolitinib, a potent anti‐inflammatory agent, has demonstrated benefit in myelofibrosis (MF) and polycythemia vera (PV) patients. Combination therapy (CT) with these two agents may be more efficacious than monotherapy with either, potentially improving tolerability of interferon‐α2 as well. We report the preliminary results from a phase II study of CT with pegylated interferon‐α2 and ruxolitinib in 50 MPN patients (PV, n = 32; low‐/intermediate‐1‐risk MF, n = 18), the majority (n = 47) being resistant and/or intolerant to interferon‐α2 monotherapy. Objectives included remission (2013 revised criteria encompassing histologic, hematologic, and clinical responses), complete hematologic response (CHR), molecular response, and toxicity. Follow‐up was 12 months. Partial remission (PR) and sustained CHR were achieved in 9% and 44% of PV patients, respectively. In MF patients, complete or partial remission was achieved in 39%, and sustained CHR in 58%. The median JAK2V617F allele burden declined significantly in both groups. Hematologic toxicity was the most common adverse event and was managed by dose reduction. Thirty‐seven serious adverse events were recorded in 23 patients; the discontinuation rate was 20%. We conclude that CT with interferon‐α2 and ruxolitinib is efficacious in patients with low‐/intermediate‐1‐risk MF and, to a lesser extent, in patients with PV. These preliminary results encourage phase III studies as well as a study with CT in newly diagnosed MPN patients.
Validation of multiple myeloma risk stratification indices in routine clinical practice: Analysis of data from the Czech Myeloma Group Registry of Monoclonal Gammopathies
Authors: Radocha Jakub , Maisnar Vladimír , Pour Luděk , Špička Ivan , Minařík Jiři , Szeligová Lenka , Pavlíček Petr , Jungová Alexandra , Krejčí Marta , Pika Tomáš , Straub Jan , Brožová Lucie , Stejskal Lukáš , Heindorfer Adriana , Jindra Pavel , Kessler Petr , Mikula Peter , Sýkora Michal , Wróbel Marek , Jarkovský Jiří , Hájek Roman 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis study used data from the Czech Myeloma Group Registry of Monoclonal Gammopathies to validate the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) and revised International Staging System (R‐ISS) indices for risk stratification in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in clinical practice. Patients were included if they had symptomatic MM, complete data allowing R‐ISS and IMWG staging (including cytogenetic information regarding t(4;14), t(14;16), and del(17p)), and key parameters for treatment evaluation. Median overall survival (OS) in included patients (n = 550) was 47.7 (95% CI: 39.5‐55.9) and 46.2 (95% CI: 38.9‐53.5) months from diagnosis and initiation of first‐line therapy, respectively. Patients categorized as higher vs lower risk had reduced survival; median OS from diagnosis was 35.4 (95% CI: 30.5‐40.3) vs 58.3 (95% CI: 53.8‐62.9) months in high‐risk vs other patients (IMWG; P = .001) and 34.1 (95% CI: 30.2‐38.0) vs 47.2 (95% CI: 43.4‐51.0) months in Stage III vs Stage II patients (R‐ISS; P < .001). In conclusion, IMWG and R‐ISS risk stratification indices are applicable to patients with MM in a real‐world setting.
Mammalian Cells Engineered To Produce New Steroids
Authors: Spady Emma S. , Wyche Thomas P. , Rollins Nathanael J. , Clardy Jon , Way Jeffrey C. , Silver Pamela A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSteroids can be difficult to modify through traditional organic synthesis methods, but many enzymes regio‐ and stereoselectively process a wide variety of steroid substrates. We tested whether steroid‐modifying enzymes could make novel steroids from non‐native substrates. Numerous genes encoding steroid‐modifying enzymes, including some bacterial enzymes, were expressed in mammalian cells by transient transfection and found to be active. We made three unusual steroids by stable expression, in HEK293 cells, of the 7α‐hydroxylase CYP7B1, which was selected because of its high native product yield. These cells made 7α,17α‐dihydroxypregnenolone and 7β,17α‐dihydroxypregnenolone from 17α‐hydroxypregnenolone and produced 11α,16α‐dihydroxyprogesterone from 16α‐hydroxyprogesterone. The last two products were the result of CYP7B1‐catalyzed hydroxylation at previously unobserved sites. A Rosetta docking model of CYP7B1 suggested that these substrates’ D‐ring hydroxy groups might prevent them from binding in the same way as the native substrates, bringing different carbon atoms close to the active ferryl oxygen atom. This new approach could potentially use other enzymes and substrates to produce many novel steroids for drug candidate testing.
Exploiting the Catalytic Diversity of Short‐Chain Dehydrogenases/Reductases: Versatile Enzymes from Plants with Extended Imine Substrate Scope
Authors: Roth Sebastian , Kilgore Matthew B. , Kutchan Toni M. , Müller Michael 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNumerous short‐chain dehydrogenases/reductases (SDRs) have found biocatalytic applications in C=O and C=C (enone) reduction. For NADPH‐dependent C=N reduction, imine reductases (IREDs) have primarily been investigated for extension of the substrate range. Here, we show that SDRs are also suitable for a broad range of imine reductions. The SDR noroxomaritidine reductase (NR) is involved in Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthesis, serving as an enone reductase. We have characterized NR by using a set of typical imine substrates and established that the enzyme is active with all four tested imine compounds (up to 99 % conversion, up to 92 % ee). Remarkably, NR reduced two keto compounds as well, thus highlighting this enzyme family's versatility. Using NR as a template, we have identified an as yet unexplored SDR from the Amaryllidacea Zephyranthes treatiae with imine‐reducing activity (≤95 % ee). Our results encourage the future characterization of SDR family members as a means of discovering new imine‐reducing enzymes.
IgG4‐related mastopathy: A case report and literature review
Authors: Yokoe Takamichi , Hayashida Tetsu , Kikuchi Masayuki , Watanuki Rurina , Nakashoji Ayako , Maeda Hinako , Toyota Tomoka , Seki Tomoko , Takahashi Maiko , Iwasaki Eisuke , Mikami Shuji , Kameyama Kaori , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: June 2018

Key Clinical MessageIgG4‐related sclerosing disease (IgG4‐RD) occasionally involves breast entity, which is often difficult to distinguish from malignant tumor, as both radiologically resembles. We report a case of a breast mass diagnosed as IgG4‐related mastopathy (IgG4‐RM) through needle biopsy, which responded well to glucocorticoid therapy. Unnecessary excision should be avoided.
Partially Upgraded Biogas: Potential for Decentralized Utilization in Agricultural Machinery
Authors: Saidi Abdessamad , Trinkl Christoph , Conti Fosca , Goldbrunner Markus , Karl Jürgen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe necessity for alternative utilization options for biogas plants and low‐emission power concepts for the agricultural sector underlines the high potential of decentralized utilization of partially upgraded biogas as vehicle fuel for agricultural machinery. In contrast to conventional biogas upgrading to natural gas quality for injection into the natural gas grid, the approach allows a reduced CO2 separation up to the operation limits of dual‐fuel combustion engines. To determine these limits, experimental investigations into the combustion process with low calorific CO2‐rich fuel gas, regarding engine performance, process efficiency, and emission behavior, have to be performed. The resulting lower purity requirements enable a cost‐efficient upgrading system on a small scale. To identify the savings potential, model‐based optimization of the water scrubbing process is performed.
Minimization of the Theoretical Error of Input Parameters for a Vapor Permeation Apparatus
Authors: Dytrych Pavel , Vajglová Zuzana , Morávková Lenka , Jandová Věra , Izák Pavel , Petrusová Zuzana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAll input experimental errors for membrane flux determination were analyzed. The overall error in pressure did not largely influence the determination of membrane flux. The main contribution to errors was ascribed to flow meters and membrane thickness. The choice of an optimal operational range for input parameters led to elimination of at least 2/3 of the theoretical relative error for subsequent evaluation of the permeability of individual species. This is especially valuable for low‐permeable membranes, whereas a very low relative theoretical error can be obtained in the case of highly permeable materials.
Role of Association in Chiral Catalysis: From Asymmetric Synthesis to Spin Selectivity
Authors: Ageeva Aleksandra A. , Khramtsova Ekaterina A. , Magin Ilya M. , Purtov Peter A. , Miranda Miguel A. , Leshina Tatyana V. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe origin of biomolecules in the pre‐biological period is still a matter of debate, as is the unclarified nature of the differences in enantiomer properties, especially for the medically important activity of chiral drugs. With regards to the first issue, significant progress was made in the last decade of the 20th century through experimental confirmation of Frank's popular theory on chiral catalysis in spontaneous asymmetric synthesis. Soai examined the chiral catalysis of the alkylation of achiral aldehydes by achiral reagents. Attempts to model this process demonstrated the key role of chiral compounds associates as templates for chiral synthesis. However, the elementary mechanism of alkylation and the role of free radicals in this process are still incompletely understood. Meanwhile, the influence of external magnetic fields on chiral enrichment in the radical path of alkylation has been predicted. In addition, the role of chiral dyad association in another radical process, electron transfer (ET), has been recently demonstrated by the following methods: chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarisation (CIDNP), NMR spectroscopy, XRD and photochemistry. The CIDNP analysis of ET in two dyads has revealed a phenomenon first observed for chiral systems, spin selectivity, which results in the difference between the CIDNP enhancement coefficients of dyad diastereomers. These dyads are linked systems consisting of the widespread drug (S)‐naproxen (NPX) or its R analogue and electron donors, namely, (S)‐tryptophan and (S)‐N‐methylpyrrolidine. Because NPX is one of the most striking examples of the difference in the therapeutic properties of enantiomers, the appearance of spin selectivity in dyads with (S)‐ and (R)‐NPX and S donors can shed light on the chemical nature of these differences. This review is devoted to discussing the chemical nature of spin selectivity and the role of chiral associates in the chiral catalysis of an elementary radical reaction: ET in chiral dyads.