bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Dimethyl Carbonate and Propylene Carbonate Mixtures for LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2‐Li4Ti5O12 Cells
Authors: Björklund Erik , Göttlinger Mara , Edström Kristina , Brandell Daniel , Younesi Reza 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIt has recently been shown that ethylene carbonate (EC) experience poor stability at high potentials in lithium‐ion batteries, and development of electrolytes without EC, not least using ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), has therefore been suggested in order to improve the capacity retention. In this context, we here explore another alternative electrolyte system consisting of propylene carbonate (PC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) mixtures in NMC‐LTO (LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2, Li4Ti5O12) cells cycled up to 2.95 V. While PC experience wettability problems and DMC has difficulties dissolving LiPF6 salt, blends between these could possess complementary properties. The electrolyte blend showed superior cycling performance at sub‐zero temperatures compared to EC‐containing counterparts. At 30 °C, however, the PC‐DMC electrolyte did not show any major improvement in electrochemical properties for the NMC‐LTO cell chemistry. Photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showed that thin surface layers were detected on both NMC (622) and LTO electrodes in all investigated electrolytes. The results suggest that both PC and EC will react on the electrodes, but with EC forming thinner layers comprising more carbonates. Moreover, the electrochemical stability at high electrochemical potentials is similar for the studied electrolytes, which is surprising considering that most are free from the reactive EC component.
Bottom‐Up Characterization and Self‐Assembly of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Active Ruthenium Nanospheres
Authors: Danis Andrew S. , Metera Kimberly L. , Payne Nicholas A. , Sleiman Hanadi F. , Mauzeroll Janine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAn approach to electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) signal enhancement, utilizing the highly tailorable ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) to generate novel ECL active nanoscale structures is explored. The strategy involves integrating into a single polymer multiple copies of an analogue of the established ECL luminophore, tris(2,2’‐bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (Ru(bpy)32+). Through the addition of hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups to the polymer architecture, these ECL active block copolymers are engineered to self‐assemble when exposed to aqueous environments. Self‐assembled ruthenium nanospheres generated through this methodology were found to demonstrate drastic signal amplification properties compared to their non‐assembled polymer counterparts. Characterization methodologies conducted throughout the bottom‐up synthesis of the nanospheres, utilizing the ECL reference of Ru(bpy)32+, facilitated investigating the origins of the nanosphere's signal enhancement.
Flockungsmittel zur Entfernung von Mikroplastik aus industriellen Abwässern
Authors: Gilbert Eva Marianne , Eckes Heinz‐Ludwig 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMikroplastik kann durch Abwasserströme in Gewässer gelangen. Diese umweltgefährdenden Kunststoffpartikel werden in immer mehr Gewässern sowie in Nahrungsmitteln und in aquatischen Lebewesen gefunden. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts EmiStop wurden daher Flockungsmittel zur gezielten Entfernung von Mikroplastik aus industriellen Abwässern entwickelt. Die Flockung von Polyethylen, Polyvinylchlorid und Polyamid wurde für neun verschiedene Kombinationen aus anorganischen und organischen Koagulierungs‐ und Flockungsmitteln sowohl in Reinwasser als auch in Industrieabwassermatrizen untersucht.
Umkehrosmose und Chlordioxid: Einflüsse auf die Prozessperformance und bedarfsgerechte Dosage
Authors: Hager Simon , Henrichs Elia , Hofmann Thomas , Glas Karl 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn der Literatur sind konträre Auswirkungen einer Chlordioxid‐Dosage auf die Performance von Polyamidmembranen im Entsalzungsprozess beschrieben. Die Gründe der gegensätzlichen Ergebnisse bleiben jedoch unklar. Mit dieser Studie wurden Einflüsse auf die Prozessperformance unter praxisrelevanten Bedingungen aufgezeigt, und daraus abgeleitet, wann Chlordioxid förderlich für den Prozess ist und an welchem Parameter der Bedarf orientiert werden kann.
Abwasserreinigung in der Milchindustrie
Authors: Hackner Torsten , Pohlers Thomas 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAbwässer aus milchverarbeitenden Betrieben sind je nach Endprodukten durch hohe Fettgehalte und inhomogene Nährstoffgleichgewichte gekennzeichnet. Gleichzeitig ist deren Aufbereitung an die am jeweiligen Standort gegebenen Anforderungen gekoppelt, d. h. je nach Auslastung der kommunalen Abwasserreinigung kann das Abwasser zur Aufbereitung in der kommunalen Kläranlage indirekt abgegeben werden, muss auf dem Betriebs‐ oder Kläranlagengelände vorbehandelt werden oder ist durch den Industriebetrieb einer Vollbehandlung zu unterziehen. Neben diesen behördlichen Anforderungen spielen Kosten und Wirtschaftlichkeit für Industriebetriebe eine bedeutende Rolle. Die Erarbeitung einer kundenspezifischen Lösung zur Direkt‐ und Indirekteinleitung wird anhand eines Beispiels dargestellt.
Fragment Growing to Design Optimized Inhibitors for Human Blood Group B Galactosyltransferase (GTB)
Authors: Strecker Claas , Peters Hannelore , Hackl Thomas , Peters Thomas , Meyer Bernd 
Published: June 2019

AbstractHuman blood group B galactosyltransferase (GTB) catalyzes the galactosylation of the H antigen and is responsible for the formation of the blood group antigen of phenotype B. The ABO blood group system is well studied and routinely serotyped before transfusion and transplantation. Blood type subgroups have been repeatedly linked to an increased occurrence of diseases (e.g., a highly increased incidence rate for pancreatic cancer for individuals with blood group phenotype B). 3‐Phenyl‐5‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)‐1,2,4‐thiadiazole 1 has previously been described to inhibit GTB with a Ki value of 800 μm. In this work, we describe a computer‐guided fragment‐growing approach for the optimization of this fragment that was subsequently realized by synthesizing the most promising ligands. Enlarging the phenyl moiety of fragment 1 to a naphthyl moiety resulted in ligand 3‐(naphthalene‐1‐yl)‐5‐(piperazin‐1‐yl)‐1,2,4‐thiadiazole 2 a, which shows a threefold improvement in binding affinity (Ki=271 μm).
Neural network–based leaf classification using machine learning
Authors: Palanisamy Tamilselvi , Sadayan Geetha , Pathinetampadiyan Nagasankar 
Published: June 2019

SummaryIn this paper, the leaf image data set is taken for classification. The process is done as image pre‐processing, image segmentation, feature extraction, and image classification. The segmentation is done on colours. The K‐Means clustering is applied to group the similar colour pixels. In total, three sub‐images are created as an output of segmentation. In total, three classes are considered for the process. Data set with 70 leaf images is considered for the classification process. The data set are classified as yellow‐based leaves, brown‐based leaves, and green‐dominated leaves. In this, the first two classes are considered as infected, based on the colours, and the third class is an uninfected collection of leaves. Seven different Neural Networks are constructed for classification process using MATLAB. Their performances are evaluated using the confusion matrices. From the outcome of confusion matrix, it is clear that the Regression Neural Network and Radial Bias Neural Network are better classifiers out of the seven architectures.
π‐Expanded Thioxanthones – Engineering the Triplet Level of Thioxanthone Sensitizers for Lanthanide‐Based Luminescent Probes with Visible Excitation
Authors: Dansholm Charlotte Nybro , Junker Anne Kathrine R. , Nielsen Lea G. , Kofod Nicolaj , Pal Robert , Sørensen Thomas Just 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBright lanthanide based probes for optical bioimaging must rely on the antenna principle, where the lanthanide‐centred excited state is formed by a complex sensitization process. Efficient sensitization of lanthanide‐centred emission occurs via triplet states centred on the sensitizing chromophore. Here, the triplet state of thioxanthone chromophores is modulated by extending the π‐system. Three thioxanthone chromophores‐thioxanthone, benzo[c]thioxanthone, and naphtho[2,3‐c]thioxanthone were synthesised and characterised. The triplet state energies and lifetimes is found to change as expected, and two dyes are found to be suitable sensitizers for europium(iii) luminescence. Reactive derivatives of thioxanthone and benzo[c]thioxanthone were prepared and coupled to a 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7‐triacetic acid (DO3A) lanthanide binding pocket. The photophysics and the performance in optical bioimaging of the resulting europium(iii) complexes were investigated. It is concluded that while the energetics favour efficient sensitization, the solution structure does not. While it was found that the complexes are too lipophilic to be efficient luminescent probes for optical bioimaging, we successfully demonstrated bioimaging using europium(iii) luminescence following 405 nm excitation.
Circulating TNF receptors 1 and 2 predict progression of diabetic kidney disease: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ye Xiaoqi , Luo Ting , Wang Kanran , Wang Yue , Yang Shumin , Li Qifu , Hu Jinbo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundWe conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the association of circulating tumor necrosis factor‐1 (TNFR‐1) and TNFR‐2 with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) progression, which is the first‐ever quantitative analysis of these associations thus far. Whether TNFRs were better than albumin‐creatinine ratio (ACR) in predicting DKD progression was also explored.MethodsA systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases up to 1 February 2018, was conducted. The main outcome was DKD progression, which was defined as eGFR decline, macroalbuminuria, or incidence of DKD‐related events. Eligible studies were included for pooled analysis using either fixed‐effects or random‐effects models to incorporate between‐study variation by different measurement standards. Publication bias was evaluated using Egger's test.ResultsThe meta‐analysis included 6526 participants from 11 cohorts with circulating TNFR‐1 measurements and 5385 participants from 10 prospective studies with circulating TNFR‐2 measurements. Compared with the lowest level category, diabetic patients with the highest TNFR‐1 or TNFR‐2 level category exhibited a higher risk of DKD progression (RR 2.51, 95% CI [1.92‐3.27] for TNFR‐1; 3.23 [1.99‐5.26] for TNFR‐2). The risk of DKD progression was also increased with the per unit increment of TNFR‐1 or TNFR‐2 (1.68 [1.43‐1.97] for TNFR‐1; 1.69 [1.31‐2.17] for TNFR‐2). Although existing studies did not support a direct comparison between ACR and TNFRs, it was undeniable that TNFRs could improve the predictive value in DKD progression.ConclusionsCirculating TNFR‐1 and TNFR‐2 are reliable predictors of DKD progression. Whether TNFRs are better than ACR at predicting DKD progression needs to be further investigated.
Queen Dominance May Reduce Worker Mushroom Body Size in a Social Bee
Authors: Jaumann Sarah , Seid Marc A. , Simons Meagan , Smith Adam R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe mushroom body (MB) is an area of the insect brain involved in learning, memory, and sensory integration. Here, we used the sweat bee Megalopta genalis (Halictidae) to test for differences between queens and workers in the volume of the MB calyces. We used confocal microscopy to measure the volume of the whole brain, MB calyces, optic lobes, and antennal lobes of queens and workers. Queens had larger brains, larger MB calyces, and a larger MB calyces:whole brain ratio than workers, suggesting an effect of social dominance in brain development. This could result from social interactions leading to smaller worker MBs, or larger queen MBs. It could also result from other factors, such as differences in age or sensory experience. To test these explanations, we next compared queens and workers to other groups. We compared newly emerged bees, bees reared in isolation for 10 days, bees initiating new observation nests, and bees initiating new natural nests collected from the field to queens and workers. Queens did not differ from these other groups. We suggest that the effects of queen dominance over workers, rather than differences in age, experience, or reproductive status, are responsible for the queen–worker differences we observed. Worker MB development may be affected by queen aggression directly and/or manipulation of larval nutrition, which is provisioned by the queen. We found no consistent differences in the size of antennal lobes or optic lobes associated with differences in age, experience, reproductive status, or social caste.
Microglial Depletion Causes Region‐Specific Changes to Developmental Neuronal Cell Death in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Jacobs Andrew J. , Castillo‐Ruiz Alexandra , Cisternas Carla D. , Forger Nancy G. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDevelopmental neuronal cell death has been characterized as a cell autonomous “suicide” program, but recent findings suggest that microglia play an active role in determining the survival of developing neurons. Results have been contradictory, however, with some studies concluding that microglia promote cell death, while others report that microglia are neuroprotective. Here, we depleted microglia throughout the newborn mouse brain using intracerebroventricular injections of clodronate liposomes, and examined effects on naturally occurring cell death across multiple brain areas. Microglial density varied significantly by brain region, and clodronate liposome treatment at birth reduced the number of microglia in all regions examined. The effect of microglia reduction on cell death, however, varied by region: the number of dying cells was reduced in the medial septum and medial amygdala in clodronate treated animals, but was increased in the oriens layer of the hippocampus, and unchanged in several other brain regions. In most brain regions, the average size of microglia was greater in microglia‐depleted than in control animals, suggesting that the remaining microglia compensate to some extent for a reduction in microglial number. The hippocampal oriens was exceptional in this regard, in that microglial size was reduced following treatment with clodronate. Microglia produce cytokines which mediate many of their effects, and we found higher expression of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus than in the septum, independent of clodronate treatment. Thus, microglial depletion has opposite effects on cell death in different brain regions of the newborn brain, which may be related to regional heterogeneity in microglia.
Evaluating community‐level response to management actions across a diverse Hawaiian forest bird community
Authors: Guillaumet Alban , Paxton Eben H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlthough species‐specific approaches are necessary to understand the dynamics of individual species composing a community, they do not offer a framework for making optimal management decisions at the community level. Here, we present a simple framework for comparing the response of entire communities to multiple management scenarios. Our approach uses a weighted average of standardized species‐specific responses to produce a single integrative measure of the community response and employs mixed‐effect linear models to quantify the increase in the community response due to each management action, or combination of actions. We demonstrate our approach with a simulation study assessing the potential benefits of multiple management actions on the avian community of Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge, Hawaiʻi, which is composed of eight native species with conservation status varying from endangered to least concern. Management actions considered included a reduction of avian malaria transmission risk, reducing rat predation, and increasing forest habitat. We used three different prioritization (weighting) schemes to assess whether the response to management actions differed along a conservation gradient (from endangered to least concern). We also investigated whether future changes in disease distribution as a result of climate change will alter the relationship between management practices and community response. Our community‐level analysis produced three important insights, highlighting the need to consider the response from multiple species to changing threats and management actions. First, increasing the amount of habitat always had the greatest positive impact on the avian community, regardless of the weighting scheme. Second, the community response to management was different under current vs. future conditions, with increased benefit in the future when disease risks were higher. Third, the response to management varied along the conservation gradient. Reducing malaria transmission risk in 2100 had the greatest benefit to endangered species, while increasing forest habitat had the greatest benefit to “least concern” species. However, reducing rat predation appeared to benefit a subset of species based on ecological factors unrelated to rarity, such as nest accessibility. Our approach is widely applicable using experimental, observational, or simulation‐based data, allowing managers to consider the response of all species while weighting their priority levels.
Development of musical solid‐state Tesla coil based on pulse repetition frequency method
Authors: Teraguchi Naoki , Minami Masataka 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA Tesla coil is a resonant transformer circuit that generates very high voltages that are made to arc through the air. Recently, a solid‐state Tesla coil was produced using semiconductor switching devices. In addition, the solid‐state Tesla coil makes sound by air discharge, and the sound is used in musical devices. In the past, pulse width modulation (PWM) method was used to produce musical solid‐state Tesla coils. However, it is difficult to use the high‐pitch sound and the tone color. This paper investigates the musical solid‐state Tesla coil by using pulse repetition frequency (PRF) method. The proposed musical solid‐state Tesla coil using PRF method provides good sound.
Standardized precipitation index‐based approach to predict environmental flow condition
Authors: Amrit Kumar , Mishra Surendra K. , Pandey Rajendra P. , Himanshu Sushil K. , Singh Surjeet 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEnvironmental flow is one of the essential factors required to maintain the health of the river as well as the aquatic ecosystem. The present study describes the environmental flow conditions based on the percentage of average annual flow (%AAF) used in the Tennant method and the drought situations based on Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and investigates the existence of %AAF–SPI relationship. The study presents an attempt to correlate hydro‐meteorology of the catchment with the eco‐hydrology. High‐flow season (July–September) rainfall and runoff data of 16 catchments from the Mahanadi, Godavari, Brahmani‐Baitaini, and Tapi river basins were used for the independent derivation of both %AAF and SPI. The %AAF was plotted against the values of SPI (3‐month scale) for the high‐flow season for each of the study catchments. The R2 values of greater than 0.63 for most of the catchments reveal the existence of robust relationship between the %AAF and SPI and enabled EF prediction for even ungauged catchments using SPI (rather than %AAF) derivable from easily available rainfall data only.
Hillslope response under variable microclimate
Authors: Regmi Netra R. , McDonald Eric V. , Rasmussen Craig 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSolar radiation‐controlled microclimatic variation has been considered a major force on hillslope evolution via feedback among geomorphology, vegetation, soil and hydrology. In this study, we investigate the influence of solar radiation on hillslope dynamics on Santa Catalina Island, CA by comparing hillslope morphology and frequency–magnitude relationships of shallow landslides, rills and gullies on slopes receiving low annual solar radiation (LSR) and high annual solar radiation (HSR), which were found equivalent to north‐ and south‐facing slopes, respectively. LSR slopes on Santa Catalina Island were found more vegetated compared to HSR slopes. LiDAR elevation‐derived hillslope morphology showed LSR slopes steeper, rougher and more concave than HSR slopes. Similarly, frequency–magnitude plots showed larger relative frequency of high‐magnitude shallow landslides, rills and gullies on LSR slopes, and low‐magnitude shallow landslides, rills and gullies on HSR slopes. We argue that the morphology, mass movement and erosion characteristics of LSR and HSR slopes reflect the process–response of microclimate‐controlled variation in type and density of vegetation cover, soil physical properties – including moisture, texture, structure, infiltration and erodibility – and surface and subsurface hydrology. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward 5G cloud radio access network: An energy and latency perspective
Authors: Bassoli Riccardo , Granelli Fabrizio , Arzo Sisay Tadesse , Di Renzo Marco 
Published: June 2019

AbstractFuture generation networks will entirely deploy virtualization paradigms to enhance performance and capabilities of current cellular networks. In order to achieve the vision of fifth‐generation networks, software‐defined networking and network function virtualization will be applied not only at the core network but also at the radio access network. That will help to achieve significant reduction in power consumption while increasing energy efficiency, flexibility, and scalability. This article proposes a general mathematical model that can correctly and accurately describe spatial/topological characteristics, power consumption, and latency of Cloud radio access network in future generation networks. Thanks to the development of this novel model based on stochastic geometry, tessellation theory, and random multilayer hypergraphs, we can numerically estimate the overall energy efficiency (in bit per Joule) of Cloud radio access network in 5G (considering either edge or cloud computing), and we can compare that to energy efficiency of legacy radio access network of current 4G cellular networks. Moreover, the analysis includes a preliminary discussion about latency; that shows edge computing to be the best paradigm for 5G radio access network, which can concurrently satisfy energy efficiency and latency requirements.