bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Not so social in old age: demography as one driver of decreasing sociality
Authors: Schroeder Julia , Dunning Jamie , Chan Alex Hoi Han , Chik Heung Ying Janet , Burke Terry 
Published: October 2024

Humans become more selective with whom they spend their time, and as a result, the social networks of older humans are smaller than those of younger ones. In non-human animals, processes such as competition and opportunity can result in patterns of declining sociality with age. While there is support for declining sociality with age in mammals, evidence from wild bird populations is lacking. Here, we test whether sociality declines with age in a wild, insular bird population, where we know the exact ages of individuals. Using 6 years of sociality data, we find that as birds aged, their degree and betweenness decreased. The number of same-age birds still alive also decreased with age. Our results suggest that a longitudinal change in sociality with age may be, in part, an emergent effect of natural changes in demography. This highlights the need to investigate the changing costs and benefits of sociality across a lifetime.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Understanding age and society using natural populations’.
Motor Clustering Enhances Kinesin-driven Vesicle Transport
Authors: Jiang Rui , Feng Qingzhou , Nong Daguan , Kang You Jung , Sept David , Hancock William O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntracellular vesicles are typically transported by a small number of kinesin and dynein motors. However, the slow microtubule binding rate of kinesin-1 observed inin vitrobiophysical studies suggests that long-range transport may require a high number of motors. To address the discrepancy in motor requirements betweenin vivoandin vitrostudies, we reconstituted motility of 120-nm-diameter liposomes driven by multiple GFP-labeled kinesin-1 motors. Consistent with predictions based on previous binding rate measurements, we found that long-distance transport requires a high number of kinesin-1 motors. We hypothesized that this discrepancy fromin vivoobservations may arise from differences in motor organization and tested whether motor clustering can enhance transport efficiency using a DNA scaffold. Clustering just three motors improved liposome travel distances across a wide range of motor numbers. Our findings demonstrate that, independent of motor number, the arrangement of motors on a vesicle regulates transport distance, suggesting that differences in motor organization may explain the disparity betweenin vivoandin vitromotor requirements for long-range transport.Significance StatementIntracellular vesicles frequently travel long distances, despite having few kinesin and dynein motors. By reconstituting liposome motility with kinesin-1 motors, we demonstrate the need for high motor copy numbers for long-range transport when motors are randomly distributed on the liposome surface. We further show that motor clustering reduces the required motor number, emphasizing its potential role in enhancing transport efficiency. Our findings highlight the significance of motor organization in regulating intracellular transport and suggest that motor clustering, such as by scaffolding proteins or lipid domains, influences bidirectional transport outcomes.
Identifying Opioid-Related Pharmacogenomic Variants in High-Risk Hospitalized Infants: A Pilot Study
Authors: Barq Rabab M. , Ourshalimian Shadassa , Maggo Simran , Keane Olivia A. , Nguyen Jenny Q. , Deardorff Matthew A. , Lewis Tamorah , Lakshmanan Ashwini , Mosley Scott A. , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionPharmacogenomic (PGx) variants impact the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of opioids and the brain’s reward, cognition, stress, and pain pathways. This study examines the prevalence of PGx variants impacting opioid response among a cohort of high-risk infants.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted at a quaternary children’s hospital from 2009-2020. Infants <1y with ≥1 high-risk condition (congenital heart disease (CHD), medical or surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), thoracoabdominal surgery, very or extremely low birthweight, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) with exome sequencing were included. Prevalence of opioid-related variants (COMT, DRD2/ANKK1, ABCB1, OPRM1, CYP2B6, CYP2D6) were compared to Ensembl, a database of published genomic cohorts.ResultsOverall, 111 high-risk infants were identified (62.2% male, 47.7% Hispanic/Latino, 18.0% premature, and 82.0% CHD). Most underwent surgery (68.2%), with 37.8% undergoing CHD surgery. Overall, 81.1% of infants were homozygous for ≥1 opioid-related variant(s). Compared to Ensembl, high-risk infants had a significantly higher frequency of homozygosity forABCB1: rs1045642(43.6% vs. 18.7%, p<0.001) andrs2032582(42.7% vs. 15.9%, p<0.001). Conversely, high-risk infants had a lower frequency of homozygosity forCOMT: rs4818(2.7% vs. 10.3%, p<0.001) andOPRM1: rs1799971(2.7% vs. 7.1%, p<0.001). All infants with surgical NEC (N=5) were homozygous for ≥1 opioid-related variant. The most common metabolizer phenotypes were intermediate (CYP2B6: 35.5%, CYP2D6: 20.0%) and normal (CYP2B6: 53.9%, CYP2D6: 70.9%).ConclusionMost high-risk infants carried at least one opioid-related variant, with frequencies that are significantly different from broader genetic cohorts. Larger studies inclusive of intronic PGx variants using ancestrally comparable controls are needed.
Deep learning for polygenic prediction: The role of heritability, interaction type and sample size
Authors: Grealey Jason , Abraham Gad , Méric Guillaume , Cánovas Rodrigo , Kelemen Martin , Teo Shu Mei , Salim Agus , Inouye Michael , Xu Yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolygenic scores (PGS), which aggregate the effects of genetic variants to estimate predisposition for a disease or trait, have potential clinical utility in disease prevention and precision medicine. Recently, there has been increasing interest in using deep learning (DL) methods to develop PGS, due to their strength in modelling complex non-linear relationships (such as GxG) that conventional PGS methods may not capture. However, the perceived value of DL for polygenic scores is unclear. In this study, we assess the underlying factors impacting DL performance and how they can be better utilised for PGS development. We simulate large-scale realistic genotype-to-phenotype data, with varying genetic architectures of phenotypes under quantitative control of three key components: (a) total heritability, (b) variant-variant interaction type, and (c) proportion of non-additive heritability. We compare the performance of one of most common DL methods (multi-layer perceptron, MLP) on varying training sample sizes, with two well-established PGS methods: a purely additive model (pruning and thresholding, P+T) and a machine learning method (Elastic net, EN). Our analyses show EN has consistently better overall performance across traits of different architectures and training data of different sizes. However, MLP saw the largest performance improvements as sample size increases. MLP outperformed P+T for most traits and achieves comparable performance as EN for numerous traits at the largest sample size assessed (N=100k), suggesting DL may offer some advantages in future when they can be trained on biobanks of millions of samples. We further found that one-hot encoding of variant input can improve performance of every method, particularly for traits with non-additive variance. Overall, we show how different underlying factors impact how well methods leverage non-additivity for polygenic prediction.
Virus Entry is a Major Determinant of HCMV Latency in Monocytes
Authors: Kitsberg Yaarit , Nachshon Aharon , Arazi Tamar , Fisher Tal , Wainstein Alexander , Finkel Yaara , Stern-Ginossar Noam , Schwartz Michal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection can result in either productive or latent infection, the latter being the basis for the virus life-long persistence. Intriguingly, monocytes, which support latent infection, become permissive to productive infection upon differentiation to macrophages. However, the molecular factors explaining these differentiation-driven differences are not fully understood and have been so far attributed to chromatin-mediated repression of the viral genome. Here, by using metabolic labeling of newly synthesized RNA early in monocyte and macrophage infection, we discover a major early block in viral gene expression, and viral transcripts are barely detected in infected monocytes. By unbiasedly analyzing the changes between monocytes and their differentiated counterparts, we reveal that the levels of several cell surface proteins involved in HCMV entry are upregulated upon monocyte to macrophage differentiation, and correspondingly we uncover HCMV entry into monocytes compared to macrophages is extremely inefficient. Remarkably, ectopic expression of a canonical HCMV entry receptor in monocytes facilitates productive infection of these cells, demonstrating that given efficient viral entry, monocytes, like macrophages, have the capacity to support productive infection. Among the cell surface proteins that are upregulated upon monocyte differentiation are several integrins, which we show play an important role in HCMV entry into macrophages, partially explaining the differences in viral entry. Overall, our findings reveal that a previously unrecognized major barrier for productive infection in monocytes is entry, adding a critical layer to the paradigm of HCMV latency.
Hypusinated and unhypusinated isoforms of eIF5A exert distinct effects in models of pancreas development and function
Authors: Anderson Cara M. , Kulkarni Abhishek , Maier Bernhard , Huang Fei , Figatner Kayla , Chakraborty Advaita , Pratuangtham Sarida , May Sarah C. , Tersey Sarah A. , Anderson Ryan M. , Mirmira Raghavendra G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHypusination of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is essential for its role in translation elongation and termination. Although the function of hypusinated eIF5A (eIF5AHyp) in cellular proliferation is well-characterized, the role of its unhypusinated form (eIF5ALys) remains unclear. We hypothesized that eIF5ALysexerts independent effects on cellular replication and metabolism distinct from the loss of eIF5AHyp. To test this hypothesis, we utilized zebrafish and mouse models with inducible knockdowns of deoxyhypusine synthase (DHPS) and eIF5A to investigate their roles in cellular growth. Gene expression analysis via RNA sequencing and morphometric measurements of pancreas and β-cell mass were performed to assess phenotypic changes and identify affected biological pathways. Loss of DHPS in zebrafish resulted in significant defects in pancreatic growth, accompanied by the dysregulation of mRNA translation, neurogenesis, and stress pathways. By contrast, knockdown of eIF5A had minimal impact on pancreas development, suggesting that the effects of DHPS loss are not solely due to the lack of eIF5AHyp. In mice, β cell-specific deletion of DHPS impaired β cell mass expansion and glucose tolerance, while eIF5A deletion had no statistically significant effects. These findings reveal an independent role for eIF5ALysin regulating developmental and functional responses and that a balance in levels of the hypusinated and unhypusinated isoforms of eIF5A may be pivotal in cellular phenotypes in health and disease.
Adenine DNA methylation associated to transcription is widespread across eukaryotes
Authors: Romero Charria Pedro , Navarrete Cristina , Ovchinnikov Vladimir , Sarre Luke A , Shabardina Victoria , Casacuberta Elena , Lara-Astiaso David , Sebé-Pedrós Arnau , de Mendoza Alex 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDNA methylation in the form of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) is widespread in eukaryotes, while the presence of N6-methyladenine (6mA) has sparked considerable debate. Methodological disparities in quantifying and mapping 6mA in genomic DNA have fueled this controversy. Yet, the distantly related early branching fungi, ciliates and the algaeChlamydomonas reinhardtiiexhibit robust 6mA methylation patterns, but the origin and evolution of 6mA remain unknown. Here we use Oxford Nanopore modified base calling to profile 6mA at base pair resolution in 18 unicellular eukaryotes spanning all major eukaryotic supergroups. Our results reveal that only species encoding the adenine methyltransferase AMT1 display robust genomic 6mA patterns. Notably, 6mA consistently accumulates downstream of transcriptional start sites, aligning with H3K4me3-enriched nucleosomes, suggesting a conserved role in placing transcriptionally permissive nucleosomes. Intriguingly, the recurrent loss of the 6mA pathway across eukaryotes, particularly in major multicellular lineages, implies a convergent alteration in the dual methylation system of the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor, which featured transcription-associated 6mA and repression-associated 5mC.
Challenges of remote working, perceived peer support, mental health and well-being of WIL students
Authors: Yacub Aasim , Drysdale Maureen T.B. , Callaghan Sarah A. 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study explored the relationship between perceived peer support, mental health and the well-being of students enrolled in work-integrated learning (WIL) at a Canadian institute of higher education, who were completing remote work experiences.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey and virtual semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The online survey captured demographic information as well as measures of perceived peer support, loneliness, positive mental health (PMH) and stressors associated with the on-going pandemic. The interviews captured narratives regarding peer support, attitudes surrounding remote work, mental health and well-being.FindingsWIL students completing remote work terms experienced only moderate levels of peer support, moderate loneliness, below-average PMH and all the stressors associated with the on-going pandemic. Data also revealed that completing a remote work term negatively impacted work communications, opportunities to build connections with colleagues and overall motivation. On the other hand, WIL students appreciated the flexibility and comfort of working from home, as well as reduced work-related expenses.Originality/valueWith remote work experiences increasing globally and now a reality for many WIL students, the potential negative effects emphasize the importance of providing social and mental health support and resources, especially during stressful times.
Training transfer in MSMEs of India: examining the role of performance coaching, HRD climate and employee agility
Authors: Srigouri V.V. , Muduli Ashutosh 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The relatively low emphasis on training is often attributed to concerns about the uncertain return on investment in training initiatives. However, there has been limited research conducted to understand the critical success factors for training effectiveness in these enterprises. The current research aims to address this gap by examining the role of training transfer factors in enhancing training effectiveness within micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India. Influenced by the Learning Transfer System framework proposed by Holton et al. (2007), this study aims to focus on investigating the impact of performance coaching, human resource development (HRD) climate and employee agility on training transfer in MSMEs.

Design/methodology/approach
Data has been collected from 411 respondents working in MSMEs of India through validated survey instruments. MSMEs have been chosen owing to the increasing contribution of the sector to the Indian gross domestic product and the lack of sufficient management research in the sector. The statistical software SPSS-AMOS has been used to create structural equational modeling for testing the hypotheses.

Findings
The result shows that performance coaching is the most impactful factor for training transfer, followed by HRD climate and employee agility.

Practical implications
The result suggests MSME practitioners activate a positive coaching environment in the organization by following the best practices in performance coaching. Further, the research suggests practitioners to realize the significance of HRD climate and employee agility. Appropriate management practices have been suggested to groom and develop HRD climate and employee agility for higher training transfer.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the research is first of its kind to study the impact of performance coaching, employee agility and HRD climate on training transfer in MSMEs.
Together we can do it! A roadmap to effectively tackle propaganda-related tasks
Authors: Rodríguez-García Raquel , Centeno Roberto , Rodrigo Álvaro 
Published: October 2024

PurposeIn this paper, we address the need to study automatic propaganda detection to establish a course of action when faced with such a complex task. Although many isolated tasks have been proposed, a roadmap on how to best approach a new task from the perspective of text formality or the leverage of existing resources has not been explored yet.Design/methodology/approachWe present a comprehensive study using several datasets on textual propaganda and different techniques to tackle it. We explore diverse collections with varied characteristics and analyze methodologies, from classic machine learning algorithms, to multi-task learning to utilize the available data in such models.FindingsOur results show that transformer-based approaches are the best option with high-quality collections, and emotionally enriched inputs improve the results for Twitter content. Additionally, MTL achieves the best results in two of the five scenarios we analyzed. Notably, in one of the scenarios, the model achieves an F1 score of 0.78, significantly surpassing the transformer baseline model’s F1 score of 0.68.Research limitations/implicationsAfter finding a positive impact when leveraging propaganda’s emotional content, we propose further research into exploiting other complex dimensions, such as moral issues or logical reasoning.Originality/valueBased on our findings, we provide a roadmap for tackling propaganda-related tasks, depending on the types of training data available and the task to solve. This includes the application of MTL, which has yet to be fully exploited in propaganda detection.
Co-creating an appreciative working climate: discussing reasons for appreciation, forms and roles from a communication perspective
Authors: Stranzl Julia , Ruppel Christopher 
Published: October 2024

PurposeIn recent years, various socio-political developments have led to changes in the labor market that place high demands on both employees and organizations. Research has shown that strong employee–organization relationships depend partly on employees’ perceptions of appreciation at work for which different communicators are attributed with responsibility. This study draws conclusions for the role of internal communication professionals in co-creating an appreciative working climate by exploring employees’ expectations on what they want to be appreciated for, by identifying forms of appreciation and by stressing the contribution of communication professionals in meeting these expectations.Design/methodology/approachThe results base on three focus groups conducted in January 2023 with employees without leadership responsibility working in large Austrian organizations.FindingsThe analysis yields to two areas – “personal characteristics and qualities” and “work-related behaviors” – where employees expect appreciation. In six categories we capture forms of appreciation that reflect employees’ expectations and perceptions. Most of the forms can and should be addressed by managers within an organization—internal communication professionals should follow a communicative professional logic and act as strategic partners and resource providers, enablers and role models.Research limitations/implications(1) What do employees expect to be appreciated for? (2) What forms of appreciation do employees expect? (3) What role do internal communication professionals seize in co-creating an appreciative working climate?Practical implicationsBased on social exchange theory, resource theory and the job-demands resource (JD-R) model, this study conceptualizes appreciation as a prototypical generic socioemotional resource at work that is communicative in nature, and key to both motivation and health.LimitationsThere is a need to capture the perspective of managers and internal communication professionals on employees’ expectations in order to deepen the debate about communication responsibilities, practice and critical aspects of appreciation. Furthermore, a comparison of different work cultures (e.g. Asia) and other institutionalized work forms (e.g. start-ups, small enterprises, public agencies) would advance the debate.Originality/valueThe study provides in-depth knowledge of reasons for and forms of appreciation from an employee’s perspective, which is considered relevant to discuss communication responsibilities in light of dependencies.
One faith for different realities: accounting and management practices of Benedictine monasteries
Authors: Centorrino Giovanna , Naciti Valeria , Schifilliti Valeria 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to explore how the accounting and management practices of monastic institutions were shaped by their surrounding social, political, geographical and economic environments, as well as religious ideologies, during critical historical periods.

Design/methodology/approach
By applying institutional theory and the comparative international accounting history perspective, this study conducts a comparative analysis of archival records from two monasteries, examining how their accounting and managerial practices were influenced by differing institutional logics. The research relies on systematic archival data collection, complemented by secondary sources, to analyze how religious beliefs shaped the accounting and management practices of these institutions and the degree of convergence between the two.

Findings
This study found that both monasteries adapted their accounting and management practices to their external environments. San Placido demonstrated resilience amidst disruptions such as wars and earthquakes, while Silos showed financial sophistication through diverse income streams. The resilience of these institutions was driven by their ability to align internal operations with external political, economic and social factors. This adaptability, coupled with strategic management, enhanced their capacity to maintain financial stability, illustrating the direct link between external changes, organizational resilience and improved financial health.

Research limitations/implications
This study highlights the historical interplay between religious principles and accounting management practices in Benedictine monasteries by comparing two monasteries. It reveals how external environments shape internal operations, showcasing the resilience and adaptability of these institutions in maintaining financial sustainability through the alignment of external pressures with internal resilience mechanisms, which in turn bolster their financial health.

Originality/value
This research contributes valuable insights to historical managerial and accounting literature, shedding light on the financial resilience and strategies used by Benedictine monasteries. It underscores the enduring respectful legacy of their accounting practices and the unique interplay between spiritual devotion and organizational structure within these institutions.