bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-Grade T1 on Re-Transurethral Resection after Initial High-Grade T1 Confers Worse Oncological Outcomes: Results of a Multi-Institutional Study
Authors: Ferro Matteo , Vartolomei Mihai Dorin , Cantiello Francesco , Lucarelli Giuseppe , Di Stasi Savino M. , Hurle Rodolfo , Guazzoni Giorgio , Busetto Gian Maria , De Berardinis Ettore , Damiano Rocco , Perdonà Sisto , Borghesi Marco , Schiavina Riccardo , Almeida Gilberto L. , Bove Pierluigi , Lima Estevao , Grimaldi Giovanni , Autorino Riccardo , Crisan Nicolae , Abu Farhan Abdal Rahman , Verze Paolo , Battaglia Michele , Serretta Vincenzo , Russo Giorgio Ivan , Morgia Giuseppe , Musi Gennaro , de Cobelli Ottavio , Mirone Vincenzo , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: July 2018

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The aim of this multicenter study was to investigate the prognostic impact of residual T1 high-grade (HG)/G3 tumors at re-transurethral resection (TUR of bladder tumor) in a large multi-institutional cohort of patients with primary T1 HG/G3 bladder cancer (BC). <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> The study period was from January 2002 to ­December 2012. A total of 1,046 patients with primary T1 HG/G3 and who had non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) on re-TUR followed by adjuvant intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy with maintenance were included. Endpoints were time to disease recurrence, progression, and overall and cancer-specific death. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A total of 257 (24.6%) patients had residual T1 HG/G3 tumors. The presence of concomitant carcinoma in situ, multiple and large tumors (&#x3e; 3 cm) at first TUR were associated with residual T1 HG/G3. Five-year recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were 17% (CI 11.8–23); 58.2% (CI 50.7–65); 73.7% (CI 66.3–79.7); and 84.5% (CI 77.8–89.3), respectively, in patients with residual T1 HG/G3, compared to 36.7% (CI 32.8–40.6); 71.4% (CI 67.3–75.2); 89.8% (CI 86.6–92.3); and 95.7% (CI 93.4–97.3), respectively, in patients with NMIBC other than T1 HG/G3 or T0 tumors. Residual T1 HG/G3 was independently associated with RFS, PFS, OS, and CSS in multivariable analyses. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Residual T1 HG/G3 tumor at re-TUR confers worse prognosis in patients with primary T1 HG/G3 treated with maintenance BCG. Patients with residual T1 HG/G3 for primary T1 HG/G3 are very likely to fail BCG therapy alone.
Does an Arbitrator’s Background Influence the Outcome of an Investor-State Arbitration?
Authors: Polanco Lazo Rodrigo , Desilvestro Valentino 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The goal of this article is to determine whether the background of an arbitrator could be considered as a determinant of case-outcomes in investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). Using the existing literature on arbitrators’ bias and experience as a starting point, this study analyses several characteristics of arbitrators as part of their “background”, grouping them into two basic categories: ISDS experience (related to their previous involvement as arbitrator or member of an annulment committee in investor-state arbitration), and personal characteristics (including age, gender, language, nationality, background legal studies and professional background). Our research concludes that, with some exceptions, generally there does not seem to be a decisive influence between the arbitrator’s ISDS experience or personal characteristics in the outcome of an investor-state arbitration case.
Are Arbitrators (Judicial) Activists?
Authors: Bjorklund Andrea K. 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
When judges are described as activists they are usually accused of either intruding into policy making best left to the legislative branches of government or intruding into values or social mores – matters best left to democratic processes, i.e. to “the people”. For an arbitrator to be an activist she would need to go beyond her duly conferred quasi-judicial powers, and arbitrators – and in particular investment arbitrators – have been accused of doing just that. Though there is a fine line between what constitutes activity and what constitutes activism, I suggest that arbitrators are not generally “activists.” First, they wield authority conferred on them by the arbitral agreement and by other sources of arbitral power. Second, particularly when the applicable legal standard is vague, this conferral includes quite broad authority to define and develop the applicable law. Third, the lack of agreement among states about what certain obligations mean suggests that arbitral tribunals are not going beyond their authority; rather, the fault, if fault there is, lies in the language of the agreements themselves.
Party-Appointed Arbitrators No More
Authors: Sardinha Elsa 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
CETA, the EU-Vietnam FTA, and the EU-Singapore FTA are the first investment treaties to replace the practice of ad hoc tribunals and party-appointed arbitrators with a two-tiered investment tribunal system (ITS), consisting of a standing tribunal of first-instance and an appeal tribunal, comprised of a roster of members who are pre-selected by the treaty parties. Underlying this retreat to domestic court structures is the perception of partiality sometimes associated with party-appointed arbitrators. The article explores this risk of bias rationale and identifies potential drawbacks associated with the shift away from disputing party involvement in the selection of the tribunal, towards a more institutionalized form of adjudication. The array of foreseeable challenges with regard to the identity, tenure, and qualifications of arbitral members, particularly when combined with the duty to remain available and prohibition on “double-hatting”, cast doubt on the efficacy of these reforms in resolving the legitimacy concerns that spawned its creation. A better solution might be to expand the role of arbitral institutions in mediating the link between the parties and their chosen arbitrator.
“You Cannot Lose What You Never Had”: The Law Applicable to Property Determinations in ICSID Arbitration
Authors: Zielinski Laura Yvonne 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
ICSID arbitration is witnessing a debate over the competing spheres of application between host State and international law: Under the second sentence of Article 42(1) of the ICSID Convention (and under similarly worded applicable law provisions contained in investment contracts or bilateral investment treaties), arbitral tribunals possess large discretionary powers over the decision of which law to apply to which aspect of a dispute. However, the recent partial annulment of the Mobil v. Venezuela award, on the basis of the original tribunal’s manifest failure to apply domestic law to certain aspects of the case, redefines the contours of this discretion by requiring the application of domestic law to proprietary determinations of investments. This article reviews the different approaches to the dichotomy between domestic and international law and the tribunals’ discretionary powers in this respect, and analyzes the limits imposed in the field of property determinations by the case law.
Ba-, Si- and vacancy-rich phlogopites from the talc-bearing sulfide ore deposit of La Creuse, Beaujolais, France
Authors: Pascal Marie-Lola , Fonteilles Michel , Tournis Véronique , Baptiste Benoît , Robert Jean-Louis , Boulliard Jean-Claude 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTBa-rich and Si-rich phlogopites occur in the talc-bearing rocks of the La Creuse sulfide ore deposit in Beaujolais, France. They form a group of compositions completely separated from the common Al-rich phlogopites that occur in the surrounding talc-free metasiltites and metarhyolites, with higher Ba and Mg and lower Al contents. The Ba-rich phlogopites have a relatively narrow compositional range (0.24 to 0.80 Ba per formula unit, for 44 valencies) with high and constant Si (5.8 atoms per formula unit, apfu) and Mg + Fe (5.6 apfu), probably buffered by the presence of talc. Compared to low-Al phlogopites from talc-free rocks, the excess charge introduced by the BaK–1 substitution is compensated by interlayer vacancies. Such a high level of interlayer vacancy (0.56 pfu), related to the talc-producing metasomatic conditions, is essential for the stability of this special group of Ba-rich and Si-rich phlogopites.Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses were performed. Ba-rich and Si-rich phlogopite is monoclinic, space group C2/m, (R = 5.31%) with a = 5.3185(5), b = 9.2136(9), c = 10.1349(11) Å and β = 100.131(11)°. The occupancies of Mg/Fe and K/Ba were refined exploring different vacancies. The solutions giving the best R factor (4.77%) and goodness-of-fit (1.06) are obtained with 15% < vacancy < 40% at the interlayer site.
New arsenate minerals from the Arsenatnaya fumarole, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. IX. Arsenatrotitanite, NaTiO(AsO4)
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Agakhanov Atali A. , Belakovskiy Dmitry I. , Vigasina Marina F. , Yapaskurt Vasiliy O. , Sidorov Evgeny G. , Britvin Sergey N. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Y. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe new durangite-group mineral arsenatrotitanite, ideally NaTiO(AsO4), was found in the Arsenatnaya fumarole at the Second scoria cone of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure Eruption, Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. It is associated with orthoclase, tenorite, hematite, johillerite, bradaczekite, badalovite, calciojohillerite, arsmirandite, tilasite, svabite, cassiterite, pseudobrookite, rutile, sylvite, halite, aphthitalite, langbeinite and anhydrite. Arsenatrotitanite occurs as prismatic, tabular, lamellar or acicular crystals up to 0.3 mm × 0.8 mm × 2 mm. They are separated or combined in open-work aggregates up to 2 mm across or interrupted crusts up to 2 mm × 5 mm in area and up to 0.3 mm thick. Arsenatrotitanite is transparent, brownish red to pale pinkish-reddish or almost colourless, with vitreous lustre. It is brittle and the Mohs’ hardness is ~5½. Cleavage is perfect on {110} and the fracture is stepped. Dcalc is 3.950 g cm–3. Arsenatrotitanite is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.825(5), β = 1.847(6), γ = 1.896(6) (589 nm) and 2Vmeas. = 70(5)°. Chemical composition (wt.%, electron-microprobe) is: Na2O 12.26, CaO 3.10, Al2O3 4.39, Fe2O3 9.57, TiO2 17.11, SnO2 1.03, As2O5 50.17, F 3.29, O = F –2.39, total 99.53. The empirical formula based on 5 (O + F) apfu is (Na0.91Ca0.13)Σ1.04(Ti0.49Fe3+0.27Al0.20Sn0.02)Σ0.98(As1.00O4.00)(O0.60F0.40). Arsenatrotitanite is monoclinic, C2/c, a = 6.6979(3), b = 8.7630(3), c = 7.1976(3) Å, β = 114.805(5)°, V = 383.48(3) Å3 and Z = 4. The strongest reflections of the powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern [d,Å(I)(hkl)] are: 4.845(89)($\bar{1} {11}}$), 3.631(36)(021), 3.431(48)(111), 3.300(100)($\bar{1} {12}}$), 3.036(100)(200), 2.627(91)(130) and 2.615(57)(022). The crystal structure was solved from single-crystal XRD data with R = 1.76%. Arsenatrotitanite belongs to the titanite/durangite structure type. It is named as an arsenate of sodium (natrium in Latin) and titanium isostructural with titanite.
Agmantinite, Ag2MnSnS4, a new mineral with a wurtzite derivative structure from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Lima Department, Peru
Authors: Keutsch Frank N. , Topa Dan , Fredrickson Rie Takagi , Makovicky Emil , Paar Werner H. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractAgmantinite, ideally Ag2MnSnS4, is a new mineral from the Uchucchacua polymetallic deposit, Oyon district, Catajambo, Lima Department, Peru. It occurs as orange–red crystals up to 100 μm across. Agmantinite is translucent with adamantine lustre and possesses a red streak. It is brittle. Neither fracture nor cleavage were observed. Based on the empirical formula the calculated density is 4.574 g/cm3. On the basis of chemically similar compounds the Mohs hardness is estimated at between 2 to 2½. In plane-polarised light agmantinite is white with red internal reflections. It is weakly bireflectant with no observable pleochroism with red internal reflections. Between crossed polars, agmantinite is weakly anisotropic with reddish brown to greenish grey rotation tints. The reflectances (RminandRmax) for the four standard wavelengths are: 19.7 and 22.0 (470 nm); 20.5 and 23.2 (546 nm); 21.7 and 2.49 (589 nm); and 20.6 and 23.6 (650 nm), respectively.Agmantinite is orthorhombic, space groupP21nm, with unit-cell parameters:a= 6.632(2),b= 6.922(2),c= 8.156(2) Å,V= 374.41(17) Å3,a:b:c0.958:1:1.178 andZ= 2. The crystal structure was refined toR= 0.0575 for 519 reflections withI &gt;2σ(I). Agmantinite is the first known mineral of${M}_{\rm 2}^{\rm I} $MIIMIVS4type that is derived from wurtzite rather than sphalerite by ordered substitution of Zn, analogous to the substitution pattern for deriving stannite from sphalerite. The six strongest X-ray powder-diffraction lines derived from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [din Å (intensity)] are: 3.51 (s), 3.32 (w), 3.11 (vs), 2.42 (w), 2.04 (m) and 1.88 (m). The empirical formula (based on 8 apfu) is (Ag1.94Cu0.03)Σ1.97(Mn0.98Zn0.05)Σ1.03Sn0.97S4.03.The crystal structure-derived formula is Ag2(Mn0.69Zn0.31)Σ1.00SnS4and the simplified formula is Ag2MnSnS4.The name is for the composition and the new mineral and mineral name have been approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA2014-083).
Two distinct ontogenies confer heterogeneity to mouse brain microglia
Authors: De Shrutokirti , Van Deren Donn , Peden Eric , Hockin Matt , Boulet Anne , Titen Simon , Capecchi Mario R. 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Hoxb8 mutant mice show compulsive behavior similar to trichotillomania, a human obsessive-compulsive-spectrum disorder. The only Hoxb8 lineage-labeled cells in the brains of mice are microglia, suggesting that defective Hoxb8 microglia caused the disorder. What is the source of the Hoxb8 microglia? It has been posited that all microglia progenitors arise at embryonic day (E) 7.5 during yolk sac hematopoiesis, and colonize the brain at E9.5. In contrast, we show the presence of two microglia subpopulations: canonical, non-Hoxb8 microglia and Hoxb8 microglia. Unlike non-Hoxb8 microglia, Hoxb8 microglia progenitors appear to be generated during the second wave of yolk sac hematopoiesis, then detected in the aorto-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) and fetal liver, where they are greatly expanded, prior to infiltrating the E12.5 brain. Further, we demonstrate that Hoxb8 hematopoietic progenitor cells taken from fetal liver are competent to give rise to microglia in vivo. Although the two microglial subpopulations are very similar molecularly, and in their response to brain injury and participation in synaptic pruning, they show distinct brain distributions which might contribute to pathological specificity. Non-Hoxb8 microglia significantly outnumber Hoxb8 microglia, but they cannot compensate for the loss of Hoxb8 function in Hoxb8 microglia, suggesting further crucial differences between the two subpopulations.
Coping with stress, control of emotions and biochemical markers as a common protective element in the inflammatory response to stress
Authors: Filip Maria , Macander Marian , Gałecki Piotr , Talarowska Monika , Zboralski Krzysztof , Szemraj Janusz , Orzechowska Agata 
Published: July 2018

Cel pracyW niniejszej pracy, stosując całościowe podejście do problematyki stresu, zdecydowaliśmy się na ocenę wszystkich składowych reakcji stresowej: immunologicznej (IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, CRP, TNF-alfa), hormonalnej (CRH, ACTH), jak również ocenę wykładników psychologicznych stresu oraz radzenia ze stresem i kontrolowaniem reakcji emocjonalnych, jako cech psychologicznych predysponujących do jak najbardziej korzystnej adaptacji względem oddziaływujących stresorów u personelu latającego uczestniczącego w misjach pokojowych poza granicami kraju. Ekspozycja na stresory związane ze stanem zagrożenia życia w trakcie pełnienia tych misji była w wybranej grupie wystarczająco intensywna, aby umożliwiała ocenę odpowiedzi organizmu na stres o nasileniu od umiarkowanego do wysokiego. Dzięki regularnym badaniom okresowym wybór tej grupy zapewnia wysoki poziom stanu zdrowia somatycznego, co pozwoliło na wykluczenie wpływu przewlekłych schorzeń na oceniane parametry biochemiczne oraz psychologiczne. Zapewniło to wysoką wiarygodność i rzetelność uzyskanych wyników.MetodaBadania będące przedmiotem projektu przeprowadzono u 113 antyterrorystów oraz 123 przedstawicieli personelu latającego (łącznie u 236 respondentów), którzy uczestniczyli w pokojowych misjach poza granicami kraju. Badanie zostało przeprowadzone przed wyjazdem i w trakcie trwania misji. W skład badania weszła ocena biochemiczna (IL-1,IL-2,IL-6,IL-10,CRP,TNF-alfa,CRH,ACTH), oraz ocena psychologiczna za pomocą Skali Odczuwanego Stresu S.Cohena(PSS-10), Skali Kontroli Emocji(CECS)M. Watsona, S. Greera oraz Kwestionariusza COPE J.Carvera.WynikiW wyniku przeprowadzonej analizy statystycznej zmiennych wykazano związek między poziomem odczuwanego stresu i sposobami radzenia sobie z nim, a także wybranymi sposobami kontroli emocji a wyznacznikami reakcji zapalnych.WnioskiW sytuacjach trudnych, którym towarzyszy wzrost zmiennych odpowiadających za biochemiczną reakcję zapalną organizmu wzrasta skuteczny model radzenia sobie z sytuacjami trudnymi i kontrolowaniem emocji, przy jednoczesnym spadku subiektywnego poziomu odczuwanego stresu.
ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES EM INICÍO DE TRATAMENTO ONCOLOGICO EM UM HOSPITAL DE REFERÊNCIA DO NORDESTE DO BRASIL
Authors: Pereira Danielle Erilane Silva , Andrade Elda Silva Augusto de , Pedrosa Francisco , Barbosa Janine Maciel 
Published: July 2018

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional de crianças e adolescentes em inicio de tratamento oncológico.
MÉTODOS Estudo do tipo série de casos, realizado com crianças e adolescentes em início de tratamento, internados na Unidade de Oncologia Pediátrica do Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP, Brasil, Recife-PE), entre os meses de fevereiro a maio de 2012. A coleta de dados foi realizada até 72 horas após a admissão. Foram coletados dados antropométricos, de composição corporal e bioquímico.
RESULTADOS: Foram admitidos no período do estudo 30 pacientes. A maioria era do sexo masculino (60%) com média de idade de 7,1 anos (DP de 4,3). O estado nutricional foi avaliado utilizando os parâmetros de peso, altura e idade. Os resultados apontam que houve 4,2%, 3,3% 16,7% de déficit nutricional de acordo com os indicadores de P/I, A/I e IMC/I respectivamente. Os dados referentes à composição corporal evidenciam maiores frequência de desnutrição quando comparados a avaliação segundo os escores Z dos indicadores antropométricos. Encontrou-se, portanto, freqüências de desnutrição de 44,8%, 57,7% e 25,9% para os parâmetros de CB, PCT e CMB respectivamente. Com relação a albumina sérica, 48,2% foram classificados com desnutrição, destes a maioria eram pacientes com tumores hematológicos (65,5%).
CONCLUSÃO: Com a utilização da composição corporal, foi observado maior número de pacientes desnutridos quando comparados aos dados antoprométricos. Demonstrando a importância da associação de vários métodos de avaliação para um melhor diagnostico nutricional
El concepto de experiencia: de Kant a Hegel
Authors: Amengual Gabriel 
Published: July 2018

El concepto de experiencia, tanto en Kant como en Hegel así como en el proceso de transformación que sufre con el paso de uno al otro, ofrece una gran complejidad. Aquí vamos a centrarnos en un solo aspecto, creo que nada marginal, a saber, la experiencia como constitutivo, como elemento o proceso constituyente del sujeto (tomado en su sentido más genérico), de forma que ella misma conforma el conjunto de condiciones de posibilidad para la apertura al mundo y la realización de nuevas experiencias, es más, es el conjunto que determina dicha apertura y la experiencia.
Con ello, en dicha transformación no sólo se produce la transformación del concepto moderno de experiencia, sino que se señala el campo en el que se va a debatir el concepto de experiencia en la filosofía contemporánea, aunque en este caso se traduzca en otros términos, tales como sí-mismo, subjetividad, existencia, identidad personal, identidad narrativa, etc.
El significado de la fórmula “Ser del comienzo” en la ciencia de la lógica de Hegel
Authors: Fernández Jorge Eduardo 
Published: July 2018

La fórmula “ser del comienzo” es utilizada por Hegel para denominar al ser inmediato indeterminado a partir del cual debe ser hecho el comienzo de la ciencia. En ella convergen comienzo (Anfang-Arché) y ser. El ser y el hacer del comienzo son uno. Esto significa para Hegel que el ser es la única y fáctica respuesta a la pregunta por el comienzo. El ser del comienzo no es ni se representa mediante ningún principio, él es pura determinidad (Bestimmtheit).
La tarea de depuración y acción del comienzo constituye para Hegel el momento de consumación de la filosofía. “Ser” en tanto concepto en sí es puesto como signo puro vaciado de significación. Pero en esta carencia de significación radica la “demanda de signos”. “Ser del comienzo” expresa al ser en tanto signo puro.
Carencia y significación, considerados hasta aquí como negación y posición del ser del comienzo, se consuman ambos simultánea y conjuntamente. La consumación del escepticismo conlleva también del nominalismo. Todas las palabras o representaciones pueden ser vaciadas de significado y puestas en función de la pura significación. Pero el ser puro puede ser considerado, en el contexto de la Doctrina del ser, como el resultado irreductible de la prueba de resistencia semiótica efectuada por el comienzo. El escepticismo se consuma en el comienzo. “Ser” es el único signo que significa aún vacío de significados, es el único signo significante en sí.
Investigation of the tribological behaviour of WC/TiC based cermets in contact with Al2O3 alumina under high temperature
Authors: Harouz Riad , Boudebane Said , Lakehal Abdelaziz , Derdy Olivier , Montrieux Henri-Michel 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWC/TiC-based cermets are, generally, considered as potential alloys widely used in hot rolling industry because of their interesting properties, namely high resistance to wear and oxidation. This work was aimed at studying the tribological behaviour, at relatively high temperatur, of WC/TiC-based cermets prepared using the powder metallurgy procedure. Three WC/TiC-Co cermets were prepared with different titanium carbide (TiC) additions namely 5%, 10% and 15% [in weight percentage (wt.%)], and a tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) grade without TiC which was considered as a reference material, resulting in a total of four samples. Friction tests were carried out, at two different contact temperatures of 450°C and 650°C, using a tribometer and an alumina ball during 2 h 46 min with load and speed of 20 N and 0.5 m/s, respectively. The obtained friction coefficients indicate that WC/TiC-based grades are relatively stable compared to the reference grade which shows an unstable friction coefficient with many peaks. It was also found that wear rates decreased with increasing TiC content, but exhibited a noticeable increase with rising temperature. Moreover, and in order to characterise the tribological degradation, the wear tracks microstructure composed of 80% WC, 15% Co and 5% of TiC, were analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) process. Consequently, an enhancement of the wear resistance at 650°C was observed, and oxides of various types rich in tungsten, cobalt and oxygen were identified through SEM/energy electron spectrometery (EDS) images.