bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Review on Colorimetric and Fluorescent Probes for the Sensing of Analytes via Relay Recognition from the year 2012–17
Authors: Suganya Sivalingam , Naha Sanay , Velmathi Sivan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractDesigning an effective sensor molecule for the selective detection of analyte with dual sensitivity is an innovative approach and is expected to offer huge biological and environmental benefits. Contrary to other sensing process, the reversible recognition of two different analytes while varying the binding sites and signaling subunits is entirely a new concept as the metal ion present in the ensemble can be easily displaced in the presence of ionic or neutral analytes. A reversible strategy can also be employed in the simultaneous recognition and identification of two different analytes with the aid of highly selective and sensitive chemosensors. This review gives an overview of the recent inventions (from 2012 to 2017) in the field of colorimetric and fluorescent receptors towards the detection of two analytes via a relay recognition process. A special emphasis is placed on different mechanisms associated with the sensing process assisted by fluorescence induced receptors which will help to design an effective sensor system for the selective detection of anions or amino acids or metal ions.
Structure‐Activity Relationships for Poly(phenylene)vinylene Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Tolosa Juan , Serrano de las Heras Gemma , Carrión Blanca , Segura Tomás , Páez Paulina L. , de Lera‐Garrido Fernando J. , Rodríguez‐López Julián , García‐Martínez Joaquín C. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of poly(phenylene)vinylene (PPV) derivatives with different geometries and peripheral functional groups have been synthesized by Horner‐Wadsworth‐Emmons reaction. Compounds bearing carboxylic acid or quaternary ammonium functional groups prepared by this metal‐free protocol were weakly active against both Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria, which is in contrast to previously reported results. The activity of polyanionic derivatives was higher for Gram‐negative bacteria and showed bacteriostatic behavior, whereas polycationic derivatives were clearly more active against Gram‐positive bacteria and behaved as bactericidal agents. The spatial disposition of the active groups seems to play a key role, with the highest activity observed for a C3v geometry. The presence of quaternary ammonium functional groups also facilitated the internalization of the molecules into the bacteria. Levels of cytotoxicity similar to that of the solvent were obtained for most compounds against COS‐1 and VERO cells.
Circulating Tumor Cell Phenotyping via High‐Throughput Acoustic Separation
Authors: Wu Mengxi , Huang Po‐Hsun , Zhang Rui , Mao Zhangming , Chen Chuyi , Kemeny Gabor , Li Peng , Lee Adrian V. , Gyanchandani Rekha , Armstrong Andrew J. , Dao Ming , Suresh Subra , Huang Tony Jun 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe study of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) offers pathways to develop new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers that benefit cancer treatments. In order to fully exploit and interpret the information provided by CTCs, the development of a platform is reported that integrates acoustics and microfluidics to isolate rare CTCs from peripheral blood in high throughput while preserving their structural, biological, and functional integrity. Cancer cells are first isolated from leukocytes with a throughput of 7.5 mL h−1, achieving a recovery rate of at least 86% while maintaining the cells' ability to proliferate. High‐throughput acoustic separation enables statistical analysis of isolated CTCs from prostate cancer patients to be performed to determine their size distribution and phenotypic heterogeneity for a range of biomarkers, including the visualization of CTCs with a loss of expression for the prostate specific membrane antigen. The method also enables the isolation of even rarer, but clinically important, CTC clusters.
A multiswarm for composite SaaS placement optimization based on PSO
Authors: Chainbi W. , Sassi E. 
Published: July 2018

SummaryRecently, the demand for software as a service (SaaS) has witnessed an increasing interest, which has raised many challenges for SaaS management. One of these challenges is to deliver a high performance composite SaaS for users while optimizing the resources used. In this paper, we focus on the problem of SaaS placement. This problem occurs in the deployment of SaaS components in Cloud. It deals with the way a composite SaaS should be placed in a Cloud by the Cloud's provider such that its performance is optimal based on its estimated execution time. Previous work, including metaheuristic methods and particle swarm optimization, focuses on resolving the problem in a static environment. Moreover, in a Cloud data center, the workloads of applications and resources capacities keep changing over time, and the environment is dynamic, so the solution found for the initial placement may need to be reconfigured to maintain the SaaS performance and to optimize the resource used. As multiswarm technique has attracted increasing attention during the last decade, in this paper, we propose a new placement solution based on such technique enhanced with a cooperative learning strategy to cope with the dynamic aspect of the Cloud.
Hypoxic Preconditioning of Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Subsequent Spheroid Formation Accelerates Repair of Segmental Bone Defects
Authors: Ho Steve S. , Hung Ben P. , Heyrani Nasser , Lee Mark A. , Leach J. Kent 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCell-based approaches for musculoskeletal tissue repair are limited by poor cell survival and engraftment. Short-term hypoxic preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can prolong cell viability in vivo, while the aggregation of MSCs into spheroids increases cell survival, trophic factor secretion, and tissue formation in vivo. We hypothesized that preconditioning MSCs in hypoxic culture before spheroid formation would increase cell viability, proangiogenic potential, and resultant bone repair compared with that of individual MSCs. Human MSCs were preconditioned in 1% O2 in monolayer culture for 3 days (PC3) or kept in ambient air (PC0), formed into spheroids of increasing cell density, and then entrapped in alginate hydrogels. Hypoxia-preconditioned MSC spheroids were more resistant to apoptosis than ambient air controls and this response correlated with duration of hypoxia exposure. Spheroids of the highest cell density exhibited the greatest osteogenic potential in vitro and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion was greatest in PC3 spheroids. PC3 spheroids were then transplanted into rat critical-sized femoral segmental defects to evaluate their potential for bone healing. Spheroid-containing gels induced significantly more bone healing compared with gels containing preconditioned individual MSCs or acellular gels. These data demonstrate that hypoxic preconditioning represents a simple approach for enhancing the therapeutic potential of MSC spheroids when used for bone healing.
Discrimination, Bullying and Harassment in Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Yeqian , Chua Terence C. , Saw Robyn P. M. , Young Christopher J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn 2015, the public media in Australia reported a series of life stories of victims who had been subjected to inappropriate behaviors in their surgical careers, bringing the profession into disrepute. Currently, limited data are available in the medical literature on discrimination, bullying and harassment (DBH) in surgery. This significant information gap prompted a systematic review to compile relevant information about DBH in surgical practice and training, in particular, its prevalence and impact.MethodsA literature search was conducted using the MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed databases (May 1929–October 2017). Studies identified were appraised with standard selection criteria. Data points were extracted, and meta‐analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses.ResultsEight studies, comprising 5934 participants, were examined. Discrimination occurred in a pooled estimate of 22.4% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 14.0–33.9%]. One of the papers reported the prevalence of bullying using two methods including Revised Negative Acts Questionnaire and a definition by Einarsen. Pooled estimate of incidence rate was thus 37.7% (95% CI = 34.0–41.5%) and 40.3% (95% CI = 34.7–46.2%), respectively. In terms of harassment, pooled prevalence was 31.2% (95% CI = 10.0–65.0%).ConclusionsDBH is a significant issue in surgery. The true incidence of these issues may remain underestimated. Actions are being taken by professional bodies to create a positive culture in surgery. The effectiveness of these strategies is yet to be determined. More studies are warranted to investigate the magnitude of these issues given their psychological impact, and more importantly to monitor the effectiveness of current measures.
Gambling Disorder in Male Violent Offenders in the Prison System: Psychiatric and Substance-Related Comorbidity
Authors: Widinghoff Carolina , Berge Jonas , Wallinius Märta , Billstedt Eva , Hofvander Björn , Håkansson Anders 
Published: July 2018

AbstractGambling disorder is an addiction that can cause major suffering, and some populations seem to be more vulnerable than others. Offender populations have a remarkably high prevalence of gambling problems and they are also over-represented in a number of diagnoses related to gambling disorder, like substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder. Yet, there are few studies investigating gambling disorder prevalence and related psychiatric comorbidity in this group. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of, and association between, gambling disorder and other psychiatric diagnoses in a sample of young, male violent offenders. Two hundred and sixty-four male offenders, all serving sentences for violent crimes (recruited between 2010 and 2012) participated in this study and went through comprehensive psychiatric evaluation, including assessment for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition criteria. Sixteen percent of the participants met criteria for gambling disorder. Antisocial personality disorder, cannabis, cocaine and anabolic steroids abuse were significantly more common among participants with gambling disorder. The gambling disorder group also showed significantly lower educational attainment. Cocaine abuse and failure to graduate elementary and middle school in expected time were independently associated with gambling disorder in a regression analysis. This study confirms the previously described high prevalence of gambling disorder in offenders. The psychiatric comorbidity was high and the problems had started early, with lower educational attainment in the gambling disorder group. The findings stress the importance of increased awareness of gambling problems among convicted offenders and of gambling research on young people with delinquent behavior. There is a need of more research to investigate this further, in order to develop preventive strategies and treatment.
Oviposition strategy for superparasitism in the gregarious parasitoidOomyzus sokolowskii(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Li X. , Li B. , Meng L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractSuperparasitism is an adaptive strategy in solitary parasitoids, yet insufficient evidence confirms this in gregarious ones. We here ask whether the gregarious parasitoidOomyzus sokolowskiiis able to discriminate in attack and progeny allocation between parasitized and unparasitizedPlutella xylostellalarvae, and how the parasitoid allocates brood size and sex to superparasitized hosts due to some circumstances. We found that female parasitoids preferred unparasitized to parasitized host larvae, and allocated a smaller brood with more males in the later than in the former host. Brood size and sex ratio decreased from superparasitized hosts with a 48 h interval since a previous attack compared with one without an interval; they also declined from the host superparasitized by the parasitoid with oviposition experience compared with one without it. Brood size and sex ratio did not differ between the host superparasitized by the same parasitoid as in the first attack and that by a different one. Our findings suggest thatO. sokolowskiifemales may adjust their oviposition decisions on progeny allocation in response to parasitizedP. xylostellalarvae to maximize their fitness gains from superparasitism.
Mini-Games for Teaching Political Science Methodology
Authors: Asal Victor , Jahanbani Nakissa , Lee Donnett , Ren Jiacheng 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTStudents often find lectures on political science methodology difficult to grasp. Based on our success of simulations and games in teaching various political science theories, we created several mini-games to help students gain exposure in engaging ways with aspects of quantitative and qualitative methodology. We use techniques in which students learn through “gimmicks” (Schacht and Stewart 1990; 1992), for which they are the data points that they are studying. We believe that drawing conclusions based on what students do and think empowers them to better understand the sometimes tricky elements of political science methods. Each of the three games described in this article required little to no preparation time. We have used these mini-games in several courses and have received positive feedback from students about their utility. Thus, we are sharing them for more general use.
The Polarizing Effect of the March for Science on Attitudes toward Scientists
Authors: Motta Matthew 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTAmericans’ attitudes toward scientists have become more negative in recent years. Although researchers have considered several individual-level factors that might explain this change, little attention has been given to the political actions of scientists themselves. This article considers how March for Science rallies that took place across the United States in late April 2017 influenced Americans’ attitudes toward scientists and the research they produce. An online panel study surveying respondents three days before and two days after the March found that liberals’ and conservatives’ attitudes toward scientists polarized following the March. Liberals’ attitudes toward scientists became more positive whereas conservatives’ attitudes became more negative. However, the March appears to have had little effect on the public’s attitudes about scientific research. In addition to answering questions about the March’s political impact, this research calls attention to the possibility that the political actions of scientists can shape public opinion about them.
How International Is Political Science? Patterns of Submission and Publication in the American Political Science Review
Authors: Breuning Marijke , Feinberg Ayal , Gross Benjamin Isaak , Martinez Melissa , Sharma Ramesh , Ishiyama John 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTHow international in scope is publishing in political science? Previous studies have shown that the top journals primarily publish work by scholars from the United States and, to a lesser extent, other global-north countries. However, these studies used published content and could not evaluate the impact of the review process on the relative absence of international scholars in journals. This article evaluates patterns of submission and publication by US and international scholars for the American Political Science Review—one of the most selective peer-reviewed journals in the discipline. We found that scholars from the United States and other global-north countries are published approximately in proportion to submissions but that global-south scholars fare less well. We also found that scholars affiliated with prestigious universities are overrepresented, irrespective of geographic location. The article concludes with observations about the implications of these findings for efforts to internationalize the discipline.
Wittgenstein on Solipsism in the 1930s: Private Pains, Private Languages, and Two Uses of ‘I’
Authors: Button Tim 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn the early-to-mid 1930s, Wittgenstein investigated solipsism via the philosophy of language. In this paper, I want to reopen Wittgenstein's ‘grammatical’ examination of solipsism.Wittgenstein begins by considering the thesis that only I can feel my pains. Whilst this thesis may tempt us towards solipsism, Wittgenstein points out that this temptation rests on a grammatical confusion concerning the phrase ‘my pains’. In §1, I unpack and vindicate his thinking.After discussing ‘my pains’, Wittgenstein makes his now famous suggestion that the word ‘I’ has two distinct uses: a subject-use and an object-use. The purpose of Wittgenstein's suggestion has, however, been widely misunderstood. I unpack it in §2, explaining how the subject-use connects with a phenomenological language, and so again tempts us into solipsism. In §§3–4, I consider various stages of Wittgenstein's engagement with this kind of solipsism, culminating in a rejection of solipsism (and of subject-uses of ‘I’) via reflections on private languages.
Metaphysical Optimism
Authors: Rush Penelope 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper seeks to identify and defend an approach to inquiry dubbed ‘metaphysical optimism’, particularly as it is evidenced at crisis points in the fields of physics, mathematics and logic. That the practice of metaphysical optimism at such moments, wherein it has appeared that there is no clear way to proceed or understand where we have arrived, is both reasonable and useful suggests it is to be taken seriously as capable of progressing fields and increasing knowledge. Given this, the paper then looks in more depth at what such an approach involves and why it might be useful both as a methodological approach in general and to help clarify positions along the realism/anti-realism spectrum in philosophy. From here, the paper arrives at a possible argument in defence of the realist attitude to transcendence.
Changing Metaphysics: What Difference does it Make?
Authors: Thomasson Amie L. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractI have argued elsewhere for a deflationary conception of metaphysics, which takes well-formed metaphysical questions to be answerable using nothing more mysterious than empirical information and descriptive and normative conceptual work. Here I examine the ways in which our practices of metaphysics should change, if we adopt the deflationary reconception of metaphysics. Adopting this approach does not mean abandoning metaphysics, but it does lead to important differences regarding which debates and positions are worth taking seriously. It also requires us to reevaluate which criteria for choosing metaphysical views are appropriate – particularly where debates about existence are concerned.
Excursions of Interhemispheric Field‐Aligned Currents in Africa
Authors: Owolabi O. P. , Bolaji O. S. , Adeniyi J. O. , Oyeyemi E. O. , Rabiu A. B. , Habarulema J. B. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe interhemispheric field‐aligned currents (IHFACs) are the most evident currents connecting the solar quiet (Sq) current systems in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Understanding these coupling currents has practical importance for space weather forecast of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere interactions and their potential impacts on low‐orbiting spacecraft. In this paper, we have examined digital magnetic records from September 2008 to August 2009 at nine Magnetic Data Acquisition System (MAGDAS) stations in order to uniquely determine the variability of IHFACs in terms of their excursions in the African sector. By excursions, we mean the direction in which the IHFACs are moving as a function of local time or latitude. Different from theoretical prediction, we found prominent positive IHFACs around dusk in February and March equinox. A novel feature of this study is the semidiurnal variation control of the coupling between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In addition, we found terdiurnal variation in September with their associated strong diurnal variations from October through December. Quite unexpectedly, in January, a significant latitudinal depletion in the intensities of IHFACs was observed from dawn to dusk, compared to any other months under investigation, accompanied with a marked reduction of the prominent diurnal variations at the magnetic equator (Addis Ababa, AAB). The fact that the excursions of IHFACs in January experience an unusual retardation with respect to their intensities points to a relation with the effects of sudden stratospheric warming.
Effects of Wind and Buoyancy on Carbon Dioxide Distribution and Air‐Water Flux of a Stratified Temperate Lake
Authors: Czikowsky Matthew J. , MacIntyre Sally , Tedford Edmund W. , Vidal Javier , Miller Scott D. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractImproved calculations of emissions of greenhouse gases from stratified lakes require understanding the physical processes controlling transport of dissolved gases to the air‐water interface on diel, synoptic, and seasonal time scales. We address this issue during the transition from late summer to autumn cooling in a small temperate lake by combining micrometeorology, physical limnology, and carbon dioxide (CO2) measurements throughout the water column. Over the 26‐day campaign, the lake cooled and emitted CO2 with daily average loss of 23 mmol CO2 m−2 d−1. Over diel cycles, lake surface pCO2 decreased during daytime heating and increased during nighttime cooling, while daytime CO2 fluxes exceeded nighttime fluxes by 35% due to higher daytime wind speeds. We compared the effects of diel and synoptic weather patterns on the CO2 distribution within the lake and lake‐atmosphere CO2 flux. Increases in near‐surface pCO2 scaled with stratification and heat loss which moderated transport of dissolved gases into the mixed layer. When winds were above ~4 m s−1, lake‐scale circulations drove upwelling and downwelling that redistributed heat and carbon dioxide between the northeast and southwest basins. Short‐burst peak CO2 fluxes exceeded 50 mmol m−2 d−1 during windy periods associated with storms. However, the seasonal cooling‐induced transition to persistent deep mixing led to the highest CO2 concentrations in the mixed layer and at the surface and the highest sustained CO2 fluxes (approaching 100 mmol m−2 d−1).