bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Pilot of the National Child Traumatic Stress Network Trauma‐Informed Juvenile Court Self‐Assessment
Authors: Pickens Isaiah B. , Howard Michael L. , Halladay‐Goldman Jane , Cruise Keith R. , Watson Kate R. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTrauma‐informed practices in the juvenile justice system are increasingly recognized as effective for promoting public safety through case management, rehabilitation, and treatment that is responsive to a traumatic event exposure and current trauma reactions. As court systems explore integration of trauma‐informed practices, tools for identifying best practices and strategically implementing trauma‐informed approaches are integral for judges and court administrators aiming to develop trauma‐informed courts. The current paper reviews the National Child Traumatic Stress Network's development of the Trauma‐Informed Juvenile Court Self‐Assessment (TI‐JCSA). Implications for self‐guided strategies to shift court practices and policies to align with trauma‐informed approaches will be discussed.
A study of efficacy and safety of high‐intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of melasma in Asians: A single‐blinded, randomized, split‐face, pilot study
Authors: Vachiramon Vasanop , Iamsumang Wimolsiri , Chanasumon Nongsak , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Triyangkulsri Korn 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundA recent report suggested potential of high‐intensity focused ultrasound in improving UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation in patients with Fitzpatrick skin type IV, but reports regarding its efficacy in other hyperpigmented conditions including melasma are lacking.ObjectivesTo investigate efficacy and safety of high‐intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of melasma in Asians.MethodsEach side of the face of 25 melasma patients was randomized to receive 3‐monthly sessions of high‐intensity focused ultrasound treatment or serve as control. Lightness index, Melasma Area and Severity Index of malar area (MASIm) by blinded dermatologists, self‐evaluated improvement and satisfaction scales by patients, and side effects were assessed every 4 weeks for 20 weeks.ResultsTwenty‐one patients with Fitzpatrick skin type III and IV completed the study. There was a greater reduction of relative lightness index and MASIm after treatment in high‐intensity focused ultrasound‐treated side. However, there were no statistically significant differences between both sides. More than 50% improvement on treatment side was rated in 11 patients (52.4%). Side effects were minimal. None had worsening of melasma.ConclusionsHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound may be an adjuvant for treatment of melasma. Further studies with larger sample size and proper parameter settings are recommended to determine its efficacy.
Malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia in an Australian population
Authors: Shearston Kate , Fateh Behrooz , Tai Shixiong , Hove Dzikamai , Farah Camile S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesOral leukoplakia (OLK) is one of the most common oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMD) and is reported to undergo malignant transformation (MT) to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) at rates of between 0.13% and 34%. This study seeks to determine the proportion of OLK lesions that develop into OSCC in an Australian population and assess the risk factors associated with this transformation.MethodsThe study is a retrospective audit of patients from a private oral medicine clinic, diagnosed with OLK using clinical and histopathological data between 2006 and 2014. Patients were cross‐matched with Cancer Registry data for OSCC, and the rate and time to malignant transformation were determined.ResultsOral leukoplakia patients with histopathological confirmation of their lesions underwent MT at a rate of 1.49% (3/202), with an average time to MT (TMT) of 5.2 years. When patients without histopathological confirmation were assessed, the MT rate was slightly less (1.30%; 4.9 years TMT). Patients who transformed were more likely to be older females with a history of smoking and alcohol use, with OLK present on the tongue or floor of mouth. The rate of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) in the transformed group was surprisingly low (one third).ConclusionsOral leukoplakia is at a moderate risk of malignant transformation which can be reduced by careful management. Current tools for identifying high‐risk OLK, including histopathological assessment of OED, may not capture all lesions that undergo MT and should be supplemented by unbiased molecular biomarkers.
Personality‐achievement associations in adolescence—examining associations across grade levels and learning environments
Authors: Tetzner Julia , Becker Michael , Brandt Naemi D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined associations between the five‐factor personality traits and indicators of academic achievement (grades and test scores). A particular aim was to investigate whether personality‐achievement associations differ between primary and secondary educational contexts and whether these differences vary between differential learning environments, that is academic versus nonacademic secondary schools.MethodWe used two representative random samples from Germany:N = 3,658 6th graders in their last year of primary school andN = 2,129 9th graders attending different secondary school tracks (n = 566 academic track students;n = 1,563 nonacademic track students).ResultsFirst, our results confirmed positive associations between Conscientiousness, Openness, Extraversion, and Agreeableness and academic achievement as well as negative associations between academic achievement and Neuroticism. Second, associations with Conscientiousness were more pronounced for school grades than for test scores. Third, associations were higher for 6th than for 9th graders in the overall sample for all personality traits with the exception of Openness. Fourth, personality‐achievement associations differed between academic and nonacademic track students.ConclusionIn sum, our results suggest the need for an educational stage‐specific perspective and contextually sensitive approach when examining personality‐achievement associations.
Effect of adding crude glycerine to diets with feed additives on the feed intake, ruminal degradability, volatile fatty acid concentrations and in vitro gas production of feedlot Nellore cattle
Authors: Almeida Marco Tulio C. , Paschoaloto Josimari R. , Perez Henrique L. , Carvalho Vanessa B. , Homem Junior Antonio C. , Favaro Vanessa R. , Blair Hugh T. , Ezequiel Jane M. B. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe effects of adding crude glycerine with sodium monensin or essential oils to beef cattle diets on the intake, degradability of DM and nutrients, rumen concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and in vitro gas production were evaluated. Five ruminally cannulated Nellore steers were randomly assigned to a 5 × 5 Latin square design. The treatments were as follows: CONT, without crude glycerine and additives; EO, with essential oils and without crude glycerine; MON, with sodium monensin and without crude glycerine; EOG, with essential oils and crude glycerine; MONG, with sodium monensin and crude glycerine. Treatments with essential oil and sodium monensin increased the NDF and STC intake and the DM degradability. When crude glycerine was combined with either sodium monensin or essential oil, there was a reduction in DM, NDF and STC intake and an increase in DM and CP degradability of the diets. The adding crude glycerine to essential oil diets reduced the CH4 production. Sodium monensin treatments reduced DM and NDF intake and the production of total gas, CH4, total VFA and acetic acid concentration. In conclusion, the adding crude glycerine (200 g/kg DM) with either sodium monensin (0.03 g/kg DM) or essential oil (0.5 g/kg DM) can be utilized in diets for Nellore cattle without causing detrimental effects on feed intake and improving the DM degradability.
Patient‐reported outcomes in patients chronic viral hepatitis without cirrhosis: The impact of hepatitis B and C viral replication
Authors: Younossi Zobair M. , Stepanova Maria , Younossi Issah , Papatheodoridis George , Janssen Harry L.A. , Agarwal Kosh , Nguyen Mindie H. , Gane Ed , Tsai Naoky , Nader Fatema 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground & AimChronic infections with hepatitis B or C (HBV and HCV) are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs). The aim is to compare PRO scores in patients with chronic HBV and HCV without advanced liver disease before and after suppression/clearance of their infection.MethodsPatients with HCV and HBV infection prior to initiation of antiviral treatment and after viral suppression/eradication completed PRO questionnaires.ResultsWe included 132 patients with HBV and 132 matched patients with HCV. Baseline PRO scores were significantly higher in patients with HBV in the domains of Physical Functioning, Role Physical, Bodily Pain, Social Functioning, and Role Emotional of SF‐36, SF‐6D utility, Emotional and Fatigue domains of CLDQ, Presenteeism and total Work Productivity Impairment of WPAI:SHP in comparison to patients with HCV by 5.8%‐13.2% of a PRO score range (all P < 0.05). After viral suppression (HBV DNA < 20 IU/mL after 48 weeks of treatment for HBV) or eradication (SVR‐12 for HCV), only Physical Functioning and Role Physical scores remained higher in HBV by 6.7%‐9.9%, while other PRO scores became similar between HBV and HCV groups (P > 0.05). The most prominent improvement of PROs in HCV was noted in Vitality, Emotional, Fatigue and Worry domains. In addition, General Health, Worry and Work Productivity scores were the most improved in HBV.ConclusionsPrior to treatment, PRO scores were lower in patients with HCV in comparison to HBV. After successful treatment, both groups of patients experienced improvement in some PRO domains confirming the positive impact of treatment.
Diversity of Lyme borreliosis spirochetes isolated from ticks in Serbia
Authors: Ćakić S. , Veinović G. , Cerar T. , Mihaljica D. , Sukara R. , Ružić‐Sabljić E. , Tomanović S. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpirochetes from the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.). (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae) species complex, including the causative agents of Lyme borreliosis, have been isolated from ticks, vertebrate reservoirs and humans. Previous analyses based on direct molecular detection in ticks indicated a considerable diversity of B. burgdorferi s.l. complex in Serbia. The present study aimed (a) to isolate borrelia strains from Serbia; (b) to determine their genotypic characteristics; and (c) to establish a collection of viable B. burgdorferi s.l. strains for further biological, ecological and genetic studies. For the present study, 231 adult Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) ticks from 16 ecologically different localities in Serbia were individually processed to cultivate B. burgdorferi s.l. This led to the isolation of 36 strains. A hbb gene quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on melting temperature determination and ospA gene sequencing were used to genotype the isolated spirochetes. The species identified based on the hbb gene real‐time PCR were: Borrelia lusitaniae (44.4%), Borrelia afzelii (36.1%), Borrelia garinii (13.9%) and Borrelia valaisiana (5.6%), whereas the ospA sequence analysis revealed the occurrence of Borrelia bavariensis. This is the first report of the isolation of B. lusitaniae, B. garinii, B. bavariensis and B. valaisiana strains in Serbia.
Comparative analysis of pollen release biomechanics in Thalictrum: implications for evolutionary transitions between animal and wind pollination
Authors: Timerman David , Barrett Spencer C. H. 
Published: June 2019

Summary

Transitions from animal to wind pollination have occurred repeatedly in flowering plants, driven by structural and biomechanical modifications to flowers. But the initial changes promoting wind pollination are poorly understood, especially those required to release pollen into airflows – the critical first stage of wind pollination.

Using a wind tunnel, we performed a comparative study of pollen release biomechanics in 36 species of animal‐ and wind‐pollinated Thalictrum. We quantified pollination syndromes and stamen natural frequency (fn), a key vibration parameter, to determine if floral traits reliably predicted pollen release probability. We then investigated if pollen release was caused by wind‐induced resonance vibration of stamens.

We detected wind‐induced stamen resonance in 91% of species and a strong effect of stamen acceleration on pollen release, inversely driven by fn. However, unlike fn, pollination syndromes did not reliably predict the probability of pollen release among species.

Our results directly link fn to the capacity of stamens to release pollen by wind and suggest that structural mechanisms reducing fn are likely to be important for initiating transitions from animal to wind pollination. Our inability to predict the probability of pollen release based on pollination syndromes suggests diverse phenotypic trajectories from animal to wind pollination.
PAX7nucleotide variants and the risk of non‐syndromic orofacial clefts in the Polish population
Authors: Gaczkowska Agnieszka , Biedziak Barbara , Budner Margareta , Zadurska Małgorzata , Lasota Agnieszka , Hozyasz Kamil K. , Dąbrowska Justyna , Wójcicki Piotr , Szponar‐Żurowska Anna , Żukowski Kacper , Jagodziński Paweł P. , Mostowska Adrianna 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveThe etiology of non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) is multifactorial, heterogeneous, and still not completely understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between common and rarePAX7nucleotide variants and the risk of this common congenital anomaly in a Polish population.Subjects and methodsEight top nsCL/P‐associatedPAX7 variants identified in our cleft genome‐wide association study (GWAS) were selected for replication analysis in an independent group of patients and controls (n = 247 andn = 445, respectively). In addition, mutation screening of thePAX7protein‐coding region was conducted.ResultsAnalysis of the pooled data from the GWAS and replication study confirmed that commonPAX7nucleotide variants are significantly associated with the increased risk of nsCL/P. The strongest individual variant was rs1339062 (c.586 + 15617T > C) with ap‐value = 2.47E−05 (OR = 1.4, 95%CI: 1.20–1.64). Sequencing analysis identified a novel synonymousPAX7substitution (c.87G > A, p.Val29Val) in a single patient with nsCLP. This transition located in the early exonic position was predicted to disrupt potential splice enhancer elements.ConclusionOur study confirmed thatPAX7is a strong candidate gene for nsCL/P. Nucleotide variants of this gene contribute to the etiology of nsCL/P in the homogenous Polish population.
Calculation of the geometrical point‐spread function from wavefront aberrations
Authors: Thibos Larry N 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPurposeThis report uses the principles of geometrical optics to compute the optical point‐spread function (PSF) from the wavefront error function.MethodStep 1 uses Prentice's rule to determine the spatial form of the PSF established by tracing a field of rays from the eye's exit pupil to the retina. Ray vergence is related to the slope of the wavefront error function, which enables the mapping of light rays to produce a retinal ‘spot diagram’. Step 2 completes the PSF by assigning an irradiance value to each ray in the spot diagram.Results and ConclusionsSpot irradiance is inversely proportional to the Gaussian curvature (i.e. the product of principal curvatures) of each local region of wavefront error surface centered on the corresponding ray. The Gaussian curvature, in turn, may be computed as the determinant of the vergence error matrix associated with each point on the wavefront error surface. Elements of the vergence error matrix consist of sums and differences of the local power vector components M, J0 and J45. This method is shown to be equivalent to published derivations of the geometric PSF using the Jacobian of the ray mapping function and equivalent also to the Hessian of the wavefront error function. Examples are presented for the familiar cases of spherical and astigmatic blur as well as for higher order aberrations and the formation of caustics in the retinal image.
Does transformational leadership stimulate user orientation? Evidence from a field experiment
Authors: Bro Louise Ladegaard , Jensen Ulrich Thy 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhile doing good for specific citizens and users is often considered a powerful motivator among public service employees, little research has rigorously evaluated how public managers can promote individualized prosocial motivation. We follow recent studies on the behavioural implications of ‘user orientation’ to explore how public managers can use a specific leadership strategy—transformational leadership—to reinforce employees' individualized prosocial motivation. Combining a field experiment with 80 childcare centre managers and survey reports from their 590 preschool teachers, we assess the effect of a transformational leadership training programme on user orientation. The results show a positive effect on user orientation three months after the training programme but no persistent effect 15 months after the intervention. This implies that, at least in the short term, public managers can use transformational leadership behaviours to stimulate user orientation.
Pain Characteristics and Their Relationship With Motor Dysfunction in Individuals With Parkinson Disease—A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: de Mattos Danielle C. , Meziat Filho Ney A. , Pedron Carla A. , Vasconcellos Luiz F. , Nogueira Leandro A. C. , de Oliveira Laura Alice Santos 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundPain is a common symptom in Parkinson disease (PD).ObjectivesTo analyze the relationship between pain and motor dysfunction in individuals with PD.MethodsFifty‐four individuals with PD were screened: Hoehn and Yahr scale score = 2.5 (1 to 4); median (range) age in the “on” period of anti‐Parkinson medication was 66 (44 to 85) years. Pain was assessed using King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). Performance in routine activities and motor function were assessed using Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS II and III); gait was assessed using the Dynamic Gait Index; and balance was assessed using the Mini‐BESTest.ResultsThirty‐eight participants (70.3%) reported mild to moderate pain. A positive correlation was found between the total KPPS score and performance in general activities (UPDRS II) (rho = 0.29, P = 0.04); a negative correlation was found between pain intensity (BPI intensity) and motor function (UPDRS III; rho = −0.28, P = 0.04); and a negative correlation was found between pain intensity (BPI intensity) and the bradykinesia subscore of the UPDRS III (rho = −0.29, P = 0.04). There was no correlation between pain and gait performance or balance. The musculoskeletal pain was the predominant type (in 81.5% of subjects), followed by nocturnal pain (52.6%) and fluctuation‐related pain (47.3%). The most painful areas were lower limbs (33.0%) and shoulders/cervical area (31.0%). Twenty‐one of 38 participants (55.3%) reported pain interference in their working and walking ability and general activities.ConclusionsPain was weakly correlated with performance in general activities and with bradykinesia but was not correlated with the remaining classic motor PD symptoms, either gait or balance performance. Pain was a prevalent symptom in the present sample, and the individuals reported its interference with functionality.
Proteomic analysis of the mango anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides treated with borate highlights distinct mitochondrial response mechanisms
Authors: He S. T. , Chen T. T. , Xu X. B. , Zhang Z. K. , Song H. C. , Song H. M. , Meng L. H. , Zhou P. , Shi X. Q. 
Published: June 2019

Mango anthracnose caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides results in substantial economic losses in postharvest fruits. Borate is an effective fungicide against C. gloeosporioides. It appears to induce mitochondrial degradation and dysfunction in the fungal conidia, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of borate on this pathogen by examining its mitochondrial proteins, which were extracted from C. gloeosporioides mycelium after borate treatment (5 or 10 mm potassium tetraborate for 48 and 72 h) and characterized using proteomic analysis (two‐dimensional electrophoresis, 2‐DE; and mass spectrometry, MS) and bioinformatics. In total, 600 protein spots were separated by 2‐DE, and 115 of these appeared to be differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Among the DEPs, 58 were identified using MALDI‐TOF‐TOF MS/MS. Borate treatment was found to alter the expression levels of proteins involved in seven different metabolic pathways, mostly related to energy supply and/or biosynthesis. The effect of borate on mRNA expression levels of 17 genes involved in these metabolic pathways was confirmed by real‐time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT‐PCR). The results suggest that borate might have distinct effects on mitochondrial function in C. gloeosporioides and could be used to control anthracnose in postharvest mango fruits.
Causative agent, diagnosis and management of white spot disease in shrimp: A review
Authors: Dey Bipul K. , Dugassa Girsha H. , Hinzano Sheban M. , Bossier Peter 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWhite spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the pathogen behind white spot disease (WSD) in shrimp and many other crustaceans. It is a highly contagious virus capable of causing total mortality in 3–10 days of outbreak in normal culture conditions. Since the first report of occurrence in China and Taiwan between 1991 and 1992, WSD outbreak caused tremendous losses at farm level throughout the world. Most of the published reviews on WSSV emphasize advanced genetic studies and biosecurity measures in terms of disease management. Recently, some new technologies such as greenhouse, polyculture, biofloc and minimal water exchange have been proposed for WSD management, which is the trigger for this review. However, further research is needed on those new technologies enhancing their efficient application.
Growth differentiation factor‐9 improves development, mitochondrial activity and meiotic resumption of sheep oocytes after in vitro culture of secondary follicles
Authors: Monte Alane P. O. , Santos Jamile M. , Menezes Vanúzia G. , Gouveia Bruna B. , Lins Thae L. B. G. , Barberino Ricássio S. , Oliveira Joãozito L. , Donfack Nathalie J. , Matos Maria Helena T. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis study analysed the effect of growth differentiation factor‐9 (GDF‐9) on the in vitro culture of isolated ovine secondary follicles. The follicles were cultured in α‐MEM supplemented with BSA, insulin, glutamine, hypoxanthine, transferrin, selenium, ascorbic acid and FSH (α‐MEM+—control medium) or α‐MEM+ supplemented with 1, 10, 50 or 100 ng/ml GDF‐9. Next, the oocytes were destined to in vitro maturation (IVM). After 12 days of culture, there were no differences regarding the percentage of normal follicles, antrum formation and follicle diameter between the treatments (p > 0.05). The rates of fully grown oocytes (≥110 µm) were higher (p < 0.05) in 100 ng/ml GDF‐9 than other treatments, except for 10 ng/ml of GDF‐9 (p > 0.05). Treatment containing 100 ng/ml GDF‐9 showed higher (p < 0.05) mitochondrial activity than the control group. Moreover, 100 ng/ml GDF‐9 showed more oocytes in MI than α‐MEM+, 1 or 50 ng/ml GDF‐9 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, 100 ng/ml GDF‐9 increased the growth, mitochondrial function and meiotic resumption of oocytes from in vitro grown sheep secondary follicles.