bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Survey of Water and Class I Methanol Masers toward Red MSX Sources
Authors: Kim Chang-Hee , Kim Kee-Tae , Park Yong-Sun 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We report simultaneous single-dish surveys of 22 GHz H2O and 44 and 95 GHz class I CH3OH masers toward 299 Red Midcourse Space Experiment Sources in the protostellar stage. The detection rates are 45% at 22 GHz, 28% at 44 GHz, and 23% at 95 GHz. There are 15, 53, and 51 new discoveries at 22, 44, and 95 GHz, respectively. We detect high-velocity (>30 km s−1) features in 27 H2O maser sources. The 95 GHz maser emission is detected only in 44 GHz maser sources. The two transitions show strong correlations in the peak velocity, peak flux density, and isotropic maser luminosity, indicating that they are likely generated in the same sites by the same mechanisms. The 44 GHz masers have much narrower distributions than 22 GHz masers in the relative peak velocity and velocity range, while 6.7 GHz class II CH3OH masers have distributions intermediate between the two. The maser luminosity significantly correlates with the parental clump mass, while it correlates well with the bolometric luminosity of the central protostar only when data of the low-mass regime from the literature are added. Comparison with the results of previous maser surveys toward massive star-forming regions suggests that the detection rates of 22 and 44 GHz masers tend to increase as the central objects evolve. This is contrary to the trends found in low- and intermediate-mass star-forming regions. Thus, the occurrence of both masers might depend on the surrounding environments as well as on the evolution of the central object.
The CARMA-NRO Orion Survey
Authors: Kong Shuo , Arce Héctor G. , Feddersen Jesse R. , Carpenter John M. , Nakamura Fumitaka , Shimajiri Yoshito , Isella Andrea , Ossenkopf-Okada Volker , Sargent Anneila I. , Sánchez-Monge Álvaro , Suri Sümeyye T. , Kauffmann Jens , Pillai Thushara , Pineda Jaime E. , Koda Jin , Bally John , Lis Dariusz C. , Padoan Paolo , Klessen Ralf , Mairs Steve , Goodman Alyssa , Goldsmith Paul , McGehee Peregrine , Schilke Peter , Teuben Peter J. , Maureira María José , Hara Chihomi , Ginsburg Adam , Burkhart Blakesley , Smith Rowan J. , Schmiedeke Anika , Pineda Jorge L. , Ishii Shun , Sasaki Kazushige , Kawabe Ryohei , Urasawa Yumiko , Oyamada Shuri , Tanabe Yoshihiro 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We present the first results from a new, high-resolution 12CO(1–0), 13CO(1–0), and C18O(1–0) molecular-line survey of the Orion A cloud, hereafter referred to as the CARMA-NRO Orion Survey. CARMA observations have been combined with single-dish data from the Nobeyama 45 m telescope to provide extended images at about 0.01 pc resolution, with a dynamic range of approximately 1200 in spatial scale. Here we describe the practical details of the data combination in uv space, including flux scale matching, the conversion of single-dish data to visibilities, and joint deconvolution of single-dish and interferometric data. A Δ-variance analysis indicates that no artifacts are caused by combining data from the two instruments. Initial analysis of the data cubes, including moment maps, average spectra, channel maps, position–velocity diagrams, excitation temperature, column density, and line ratio maps, provides evidence of complex and interesting structures such as filaments, bipolar outflows, shells, bubbles, and photo-eroded pillars. The implications for star formation processes are profound, and follow-up scientific studies by the CARMA-NRO Orion team are now underway. We plan to make all the data products described here generally accessible; some are already available at https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataverse/CARMA-NRO-Orion.
Kinetic Properties of an Interplanetary Shock Propagating inside a Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Liu Mingzhe , Liu Ying D. , Yang Zhongwei , Wilson L. B. , Hu Huidong 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
We investigate the kinetic properties of a typical fast-mode shock inside an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) observed on 1998 August 6 at 1 au, including particle distributions and wave analysis with the in situ measurements from Wind. Key results are obtained concerning the shock and the shock–ICME interaction at kinetic scales: (1) gyrating ions, which may provide energy dissipation at the shock in addition to wave-particle interactions, are observed around the shock ramp; (2) despite the enhanced proton temperature anisotropy of the shocked plasma, the low plasma β inside the ICME constrains the shocked plasma under the thresholds of the ion cyclotron and mirror-mode instabilities; (3) whistler heat flux instabilities, which can pitch-angle scatter halo electrons through a cyclotron resonance, are observed around the shock, and can explain the disappearance of bi-directional electrons (BDEs) inside the ICME together with normal betatron acceleration; (4) whistler waves near the shock are likely associated with the whistler heat flux instabilities excited at the shock ramp, which is consistent with the result that the waves may originate from the shock ramp; (5) the whistlers share a similar characteristic with the shocklet whistlers observed by Wilson et al., providing possible evidence that the shock is decaying because of the strong magnetic field inside the ICME.
The Effect of Oxygen on Organic Haze Properties
Authors: Ugelow Melissa S. , Haan David O. De , Hörst Sarah M. , Tolbert Margaret A. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract
Atmospheric organic hazes are present on many planetary bodies, possibly including the ancient Earth and exoplanets, and can greatly influence surface and atmospheric properties. Here we examine the physical and optical properties of organic hazes produced with molecular nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and increasing amounts of molecular oxygen, and compare them to hazes produced without added oxygen. As molecular oxygen is included in increasing amounts from 0 to 200 ppmv, the mass loading of haze produced decreases nonlinearly. With 200 ppmv molecular oxygen, the mass loading of particles produced is on the order of the amount of organic aerosol in modern Earth’s atmosphere, suggesting that while not a thick organic haze, haze particles produced with 200 ppmv molecular oxygen could still influence planetary climates. Additionally, the hazes produced with increasing amounts of oxygen become increasingly oxidized and the densities increase. For hazes produced with 0, 2 and 20 ppmv oxygen, the densities were found to be 0.94, 1.03 and 1.12 g cm−3, respectively. Moreover, the hazes produced with 0, 2, and 20 ppmv oxygen are found to have real refractive indices of n = 1.58 ± 0.04, 1.53 ± 0.03 and 1.67 ± 0.03, respectively, and imaginary refractive indices of

, 0.002 ± 0.002 and

, respectively. These k values demonstrate that the particles formed with oxygen have no absorption within our experimental error, and could result in a light scattering layer in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
A fork in the alphabet soup: DoeDat a multilingual crowdsourcing platform
Authors: Groom Quentin , Bogaerts Ann , Veríssimo Pereira Nuno , De Smedt Sofie 
Published: May 2018

Specimen labels are written in numerous languages and accurate interpretation requires local knowledge of place names, vernacular names and people’s names. In many countries more than one language is in common usage. Belgium, for example, has three official languages. Crowdsourcing has helped many collections digitize their labels and generates useful data for science. Furthermore, direct engagement of the public with a herbarium increases the collection’s visibility and potentially reinforces a sense of common ownership. For these reasons we built DoeDat, a multilingual crowdsourcing platform forked from Digivol of the Australian Museum (Figs 1, 2). Some of the useful features we inherited from Digivol include a georeferencing tool, configurable templates, simple project management and individual institutional branding.
Running a multilingual website does increase the work needed to setup and manage projects, but we hope to gain from the broader engagement we can attract. Currently, we are focusing our work on Belgian collections were Dutch and French are the primary languages, but in the future we may expand our languages when we work on our international collections. We also hope that we can eventually merge our code with that of Digivol, so that we can both benefit from each other's developments.
OCT Angiography Helps Distinguish Between Proliferative Macular Telangiectasia Type 2 and Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Zheng Fang , Motulsky Elie H. , de Oliveira Dias João Rafael , de López Edith Pérez , Gregori Giovanni , Rosenfeld Philip J. 
Published: May 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To demonstrate the advantage of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) for the diagnosis and management of proliferative macular telangiectasia type 2 (MacTel2) masquerading as neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This is an observational cases series. Three patients referred with the diagnosis of neovascular AMD were identified in this retrospective study. In addition to color fundus, fluorescein angiography, and spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) imaging, SD-OCTA (AngioPlex; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) was performed.

RESULTS:
SD-OCTA revealed bilateral parafoveal retinal microvascular changes in three patients and unambiguously confirmed the diagnosis of MacTel2.

CONCLUSION:
OCTA is an important tool for the correct diagnosis of MacTel2 in older patients with the concomitant or masquerading diagnosis of AMD.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:303–312.]
« Retoucher cette pièce dans le goût d’autrefois » : pourquoi Mallarmé a-t-il réécrit « Le Guignon » ?
Authors: Dominicy Marc 
Published: May 2018

Pour le « Guignon », les versions destinées à la publication se répartissent en trois strates. Du premier état, seuls les vers 1 à 15 furent imprimés en 1862 ; Mallarmé n’ayant pu approuver cette mutilation, on prendra en compte le texte complet d’après le manuscrit qui servit de base à la publication. Viennent ensuite la version des Poètes maudits (1883-1884) et l’état définitif que livrent l’édition photolithographiée (1887), un programme du Théâtre d’art (1891) et la maquette de 1894 utilisée pour l’édition Deman (1899). En confrontant l’état définitif au texte des Poètes maudits et aux variantes significatives de 1862, on constate qu’en 1887, Mallarmé infléchit la composante « grotesque » du poème vers l’érotisme et la scatologie, laïcise les sources religieuses dont se nourrissaient Les Fleurs du mal, et dote son propos d’une dimension sociopolitique. Ce tournant, qui caractérise plusieurs textes postérieurs à 1884, montre que Mallarmé veut alors se construire un nouvel éthos.
Enhancing Soil Science Education with a Graphic Syllabus
Authors: Mikhailova E. A. 
Published: May 2018

Core Ideas
The graphic syllabus can be an addition to the traditional course syllabus.
The graphic syllabus enables students to visualize the “big picture” of the course.
Most students preferred graphic syllabus in addition to traditional one.
A graphic syllabus that enables students to visualize the “big picture” of the soil science course can be an addition to the traditional course syllabus. The purpose of this study was to develop the graphic syllabus and test it in an introductory soil science course. The graphic syllabus was based on the principles of “parallel” teaching/learning and storytelling. It was created by dividing the course into three units: (1) Soil ABC's, (2) Soil properties, and (3) Soil fertility and management. Each unit contains a set of soil orders with a list of corresponding state/representative soils in the United States. Clemson University students from various fields (forestry, wildlife biology, and environmental science) compared traditional and graphic syllabi. Students were asked to complete a survey consisting of questions related to their opinions of traditional and graphic syllabi. Responses to the survey questions indicated that most students were juniors and almost never experienced (97%) graphic syllabi in their college courses. Most students preferred the graphic syllabus in addition to a traditional one. Students reported that the graphic syllabus helped them better understand the course structure and was more exciting and easier to view on cell phones. Although the use of a graphic syllabus is usually limited to introductory courses, it can also be adapted to upper‐level soil science courses. This article offers an organizational strategy for expediting the graphic syllabus design.
A Baltic Sea estuary as a phosphorus source and sink after drastic load reduction: seasonal and long-term mass balances for the Stockholm inner archipelago for 1968–2015
Authors: Walve Jakob , Sandberg Maria , Larsson Ulf , Lännergren Christer 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Internal phosphorus (P) loading from sediments, controlled by hypoxia, is often assumed to hamper the recovery of lakes and coastal areas from eutrophication. In the early 1970s, the external P load to the inner archipelago of Stockholm, Sweden (Baltic Sea), was drastically reduced by improved sewage treatment, but the internal P loading and its controlling factors have been poorly quantified. We use two slightly different four-layer box models to calculate the area's seasonal and annual P balance (input–export) and the internal P exchange with sediments in 1968–2015. For 10–20 years after the main P load reduction, there was a negative P balance, small in comparison to the external load, and probably due to release from legacy sediment P storage. Later, the stabilized, near-neutral P balance indicates no remaining internal loading from legacy P, but P retention is low, despite improved oxygen conditions. Seasonally, sediments are a P sink in spring and a P source in summer and autumn. Most of the deep-water P release from sediments in summer–autumn appears to be derived from the settled spring bloom and is exported to outer areas during winter. Oxygen consumption and P release in the deep water are generally tightly coupled, indicating limited iron control of P release. However, enhanced P release in years of deep-water hypoxia suggests some contribution from redox-sensitive P pools. Increasing deep-water temperatures that stimulate oxygen consumption rates in early summer have counteracted the effect of lowered organic matter sedimentation on oxygen concentrations. Since the P turnover time is short and legacy P small, measures to bind P in Stockholm inner archipelago sediments would primarily accumulate recent P inputs, imported from the Baltic Sea and from Lake Mälaren.
The 226Ra–Ba relationship in the North Atlantic during GEOTRACES-GA01
Authors: Le Roy Emilie , Sanial Virginie , Charette Matthew A. , van Beek Pieter , Lacan François , Jacquet Stéphanie H. M. , Henderson Paul B. , Souhaut Marc , García-Ibáñez Maribel I. , Jeandel Catherine , Pérez Fiz F. , Sarthou Géraldine 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. We report detailed sections of radium-226 (226Ra, T1∕2 =  1602 years) activities and barium (Ba) concentrations determined in the North Atlantic (Portugal–Greenland–Canada) in the framework of the international GEOTRACES program (GA01 section – GEOVIDE project, May–July 2014). Dissolved 226Ra and Ba are strongly correlated along the section, a pattern that may reflect their similar chemical behavior. Because 226Ra and Ba have been widely used as tracers of water masses and ocean mixing, we investigated their behavior more thoroughly in this crucial region for thermohaline circulation, taking advantage of the contrasting biogeochemical patterns existing along the GA01 section. We used an optimum multiparameter (OMP) analysis to distinguish the relative importance of physical transport (water mass mixing) from nonconservative processes (sedimentary, river or hydrothermal inputs, uptake by particles and dissolved–particulate dynamics) on the 226Ra and Ba distributions in the North Atlantic. Results show that the measured 226Ra and Ba concentrations can be explained by conservative mixing for 58 and 65 % of the samples, respectively, notably at intermediate depth, away from the ocean interfaces. 226Ra and Ba can thus be considered conservative tracers of water mass transport in the ocean interior on the space scales considered here, namely, on the order of a few thousand kilometers. However, regions in which 226Ra and Ba displayed nonconservative behavior and in some cases decoupled behaviors were also identified, mostly at the ocean boundaries (seafloor, continental margins and surface waters). Elevated 226Ra and Ba concentrations found in deepwater in the West European Basin suggest that lower Northeast Atlantic Deep Water (NEADWl) accumulates 226Ra and Ba from sediment diffusion and/or particle dissolution during transport. In the upper 1500 m of the West European Basin, deficiencies in 226Ra and Ba are likely explained by their incorporation in planktonic calcareous and siliceous shells, or in barite (BaSO4) by substitution or adsorption mechanisms. Finally, because Ba and 226Ra display different source terms (mostly deep-sea sediments for 226Ra and rivers for Ba), strong decoupling between 226Ra and Ba were observed at the land–ocean boundaries. This is especially true in the shallow stations near the coasts of Greenland and Newfoundland where high 226Ra ∕ Ba ratios at depth reflect the diffusion of 226Ra from sediment and low 226Ra ∕ Ba ratios in the upper water column reflect the input of Ba associated with meteoric waters.
System identification, fuzzy control and simulation of a kite power system with fixed tether length
Authors: Dief Tarek N. , Fechner Uwe , Schmehl Roland , Yoshida Shigeo , Ismaiel Amr M. M. , Halawa Amr M. 
Published: May 2018

Abstract. In wind energy
research, airborne wind energy systems are one of the promising
energy sources in the near future. They can extract
more energy from high altitude wind currents compared to conventional wind turbines. This can be achieved with the aid of aerodynamic
lift generated by a wing tethered to the ground. Significant savings in investment costs and overall system mass would be obtained
since no tower is required. To solve the problems of wind speed uncertainty and kite deflections throughout the flight, system
identification is required. Consequently, the kite governing equations can be accurately described. In this work, a simple model was
presented for a tether with a fixed length and compared to another model for parameter estimation. In addition, for the purpose of
stabilizing the system, fuzzy control was also applied. The design of the controller was based on the concept of Mamdani. Due to its
robustness, fuzzy control can cover a wider range of different wind conditions compared to the classical controller. Finally, system
identification was compared to the simple model at various wind speeds, which helps to tune the fuzzy control
parameters.
Influence of Hemodialysis on the Physical Activity and Motor Capacity of Patients with Chronic Renal Disease, Stage 4-5 (K/DOQI): Study Synopsis
Authors: Giannini Olivier , de Bruin Eling D. , Quadri Pierluigi , Tettamanti Mauro , Zemp Damiano D. 
Published: May 2018

Purpose Elderly patients who undergo hemodialysis are more fragile than older persons not on dialysis. However, it is not clear if this frailty exists before hemodialysis or if it becomes evident or more acute at the time of beginning a dialysis therapy program. The purpose of this study is to analyze if changes at both the motor and cognitive levels go hand in hand with the beginning of dialysis, and, if this is the case, to identify possible risk factors associated with the functional decline in these patients. Methods A multicentric prospective pilot observational study was conducted in an ambulatory population with the primary objective to represent the evolution of functional gait capacity in patients before and during hemodialysis treatment, to show gait insecurity during treatment follow-up, if it is present. The secondary objectives are to identify risk factors in the development of gait insecurity, and to measure the prevalence of falls during the follow-up period. Results The enrolment of patients began in January 2015 and the duration of the data collection will be at least 36 months. In the first 24 months, 19 patients have been included in the study. Preliminary data analysis is not expected before July 2018. Conclusions The identification of frailty predictors is of major importance in order to identify and target patients at the highest risk of frailty who may be likely to benefit from preventive intervention.
Preimplantation Biopsy Predicts Delayed Graft Function, Glomerular Filtration Rate and Long-Term Graft Survival of Transplanted Kidneys
Authors: Pedroso José A. , Giannakakis Konstantinos , Favi Evaldo , Salerno Maria P. , Spagnoletti Gionata , Pietroni Valentina , Bianchi Valentina , Toscano Alessia , Romagnoli Jacopo , Faraggiana Tullio , Citterio Franco 
Published: May 2018

Background The predictive value of preimplantation biopsies for long-term graft function is often limited by conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of time-zero graft biopsy histological scores on early and late graft function, graft survival and patient survival, at different time points. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 284 preimplantation biopsies at a single center, in a cohort of recipients with grafts from live and deceased donors (standard and nonstandard), and their impact in posttransplant renal function after a mean follow-up of 7 years (range 1–16). Implantation biopsy score (IBS), a combination score derived from 4 histopathological aspects, was determined from each sample. The correlation with incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), creatinine clearance (1st, 3rd and 5th posttransplant year) and graft and patient survival at 1 and 5 years were evaluated. Results Preimplantation biopsies provided somewhat of a prognostic index of early function and outcome of the transplanted kidney in the short and long term. In the immediate posttransplantation period, the degree of arteriolosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis correlated better with the presence of DGF. IBS values between 4 and 6 were predictive of worst renal function at 1st and 3rd years posttransplant and 5-year graft survival. The most important histological finding, in effectively transplanted grafts, was the grade of interstitial fibrosis. Patient survival was not influenced by IBS. Conclusions Higher preimplantation biopsy scores predicted an increased risk of early graft losses, especially primary nonfunction. Graft survival (at 1st and 5th years after transplant) but not patient survival was predicted by IBS.