bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia
Authors: Yazie Teshiwal , Girma Mekonnen 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background

Hepatitis B virus is one of the major public health concerns globally. It is highly infectious and can be transmitted from one person to the other through vertically or horizontally via contaminated body fluid exposure. Despite the provision of an effective vaccine, it remains a major problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries.

Methods

Online electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online, and WHO Afro Library were searched and published articles from 2010 to June 8, 2019, were considered. Two authors independently screened articles and extracted data. Funnel-Plots and Egger’s test statistics were used to determine the presence of small study effects and publication bias. The pooled prevalence of HBV was analyzed using a random effects model. The possible sources of heterogeneity was analyzed through subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression.

Results

The overall pooled prevalence of HBV was 6% and among subgroups pregnant women, healthcare workers, and HIV positive patients accounted for 5% for each group. Relatively low prevalence (4%) was obtained among blood donors. The Egger’s test statistics (p=0.747) indicated the absence of publication bias. In addition, from the sensitivity analysis, there was no influence on the overall effect while removing a single study at a time. The level of heterogeneity was reduced among pregnant women, HIV positive and studies with unknown sampling techniques. After conducting meta-regression, province, study group, screening method, and quality of papers were identified as sources of heterogeneity.

Conclusions

The overall pooled prevalence of HBV in Ethiopia was high. Strengthening and scaling up of the scope of the existing vaccination program and implementing novel approaches including screen-and-treat could be implemented to reduce the burden of the disease. Generally, the study can provide current prevalence estimate of HBV that could vital for intervention to tackle the disease.
Effect of CAP10 gene on immune response in mice infected with Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Lin Ni , Lin Liping , Li Xiaoyu , Li Xianghui , Wu Juan , Lin Donghong , Ou Qishui 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT
Background Capsule is an vital virulence factor in Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Recent studies show CAP10 is a key gene in capsular formation. However, the role of CAP10 in the pathophysiology of cryptococcosis is still not well understood. This study aims to investigate the association of CAP10 expression with the immune responses to infected mice.
Methods The shRNA expression plasmid was designed to interfere with the synthesis of CAP10. The animal model was established with C. neoformans wt strain H99, cap10-shRNA C. neoformans and PBS control in the respiratory tract. On the 7 days and 21 days after infection, mice lung histopathological examination and homogenate culture were performed, and cytokines expression level in the serum of mice were quantitatively detected.
Results The lower degree of edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed in cap10-shRNA group. The growth rate of cap10-shRNA strain was significantly reduced. In addition, interference with CAP10 altered the expression profile of Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg type cytokine. Down-regulation of CAP10 was beneficial to the balance of Th1/Th2, Th17/Treg ratio.
Conclusions Taken together, our results indicated the expression of the CAP10 was associated with an antifungal immune response to mice infected with C. neoformans. CAP10 might play an important role in regulating the inflammatory response, and could expected to be a new molecular therapeutic target in cryptococcosis.
Molecular cytogenetics of valuable Arctic and sub-Arctic pasture grass species from the Aveneae/Poeae tribe complex (Poaceae)
Authors: Amosova Alexandra V. , Zoshchuk Svyatoslav A. , Rodionov Alexander V. , Ghukasyan Lilit , Samatadze Tatiana E. , Punina Elizaveta O. , Loskutov Igor G. , Yurkevich Olga Yu. , Muravenko Olga V. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background
Grasslands in the Arctic tundra undergo irreversible degradation due to climatic changes and also over-exploitation and depletion of scarce resources. Comprehensive investigations of cytogenomic structures of valuable Arctic and sub-Arctic grassland species is essential for clarifying their genetic peculiarities and phylogenetic relationships and also successful developing new forage grass cultivars with high levels of adaptation, stable productivity and longevity. We performed molecular cytogenetic characterization of seven insufficiently studied pasture grass species from related genera Alopecurus, Arctagrostis, Beckmannia, Deschampsia and Holcus (Poaceae) which are the primary fodder resources in the Arctic tundra.
Results
For these species, integrated schematic habitat maps were constructed based on the available data on their distribution in Eurasia. The species karyotypes were examined with the use of DAPI-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization with 35S rDNA, 5S rDNA and the (GTT)9 microsatellite motif and also sequential rapid genomic in situ hybridization with genomic DNAs of Deschampsia sukatschewii, Holcus lanatus and Deschampsia flexuosa. Cytogenomic structures of the studied species were specified; peculiarities and common features of their genomes were revealed. Different chromosomal rearrangements were detected in Beckmannia syzigachne, Deschampsia cespitosa and D. flexuosa; B chromosomes with distinct DAPI-bands were observed in karyotypes of D. cespitosa and H. lanatus.
Conclusions
The peculiarities of distribution patterns of the examined chromosomal markers and also presence of common homologous DNA repeats in karyotypes of the studies species allowed us to verify their relationships. The obtained unique data on distribution areas and cytogenomic structures of the valuable Arctic and sub-Arctic pasture species are important for further genetic and biotechnological studies and also plant breeding progress.
Is this really the end? Template-switching artifacts resemble alternative polyadenylation
Authors: Balázs Zsolt , Tombácz Dóra , Csabai Zsolt , Moldován Norbert , Snyder Michael , Boldogkői Zsolt 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: Alternative polyadenylation is commonly examined using cDNA sequencing, which is known to be affected by template-switching artifacts. However, the effects of such template-switching artifacts on alternative polyadenylation are generally disregarded, while alternative polyadenylation artifacts are attributed to internal priming.
Results: Here, we analyzed both long-read cDNA sequencing and direct RNA sequencing data of two organisms, generated by different sequencing platforms. We developed a filtering algorithm which takes into consideration that template-switching can be a source of artifactual polyadenylation when filtering out spurious polyadenylation sites. The algorithm outperformed the conventional internal priming filters based on comparison to direct RNA sequencing data. We also showed that the polyadenylation artifacts arise in cDNA sequencing at consecutive stretches of as few as three adenines. There was no substantial difference between the lengths of poly(A) tails at the artifactual and the true transcriptional end sites even though it is expected that internal priming artifacts have shorter poly(A) tails than genuine polyadenylated reads.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that template switching plays an important role in the generation of spurious polyadenylation and support the need for more rigorous filtering of artifactual polyadenylation sites in cDNA data, or that alternative polyadenylation should be annotated using native RNA sequencing.
Living on the edge: Comparative phylogeography and phylogenetics of Oreohelix land snails at their range edge in Western Canada
Authors: Dempsey Zach , Goater Cameron , Burg Theresa 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: The biodiversity and distributions of terrestrial snails at local and regional scales are influenced by their low vagility and microhabitat specificity. The accessibility of large-bodied species and their characteristically high levels of genetic polymorphism make them excellent ecological and evolutionary models for studies on the phylogeography, phylogenetics, and conservation of organisms in fragmented populations. This study aims to elucidate the biodiversity, systematics, and distributions of genetic lineages within the genus Oreohelix at the northern and western periphery of their range.
Results: We found four mitochondrial clades, three of which are putative subspecies of Oreohelix subrudis. One clade was geographically widespread, occurring within numerous sites in Cypress Hills and in the Rocky Mountains, a second was geographically restricted to the Rocky Mountains in Alberta, and a third was restricted to the Cypress Hills region. A fourth clade was the small-bodied species, O. cooperi. ITS2 sequence and screening data revealed three haplotype clusters, of which one was O. cooperi. Cluster 1 was typical of the first clade and cluster 2 was typical of the second and third clades. ITS2 alleles were shared in a narrow contact zone between the first and second clades, suggestive of hybridization between the two.
Conclusions: A sky island known as Cypress Hills, in southeastern Alberta, Canada, is a biodiversity hotspot for terrestrial land snails in the genus Oreohelix. The observed phylogeographic patterns likely reflect reproductive isolation during the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by secondary contact due to passive, long-range dispersal resulting from low vagility, local adaptation, and complex glacial history.
Prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation in Korean Firefighters: a nationwide study
Authors: Park Heyeon , Kim Johanna Inhyang , Min Beom Jun , Oh Sohee , Kim Jeong-Hyun 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Background: It is generally known that firefighters are at the increased risk of suicide. However, the prevalence or correlates of suicidal ideation in firefighters have not been thoroughly explained to date. The aim of this study was to measure the 1-year prevalence of suicidal ideation in firefighters and to investigate the correlates of recent suicidal ideation among the demographic, occupational and clinical characteristics.
Method: A web-based survey was conducted using a self-reported questionnaire. A total of 45,698 Korean firefighters were included for analysis. Prevalence of suicidal ideation in the past year was calculated and its correlates were elucidated using a multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Results: The 1-year prevalence of suicidal ideation was 10.66% in Korean firefighters. Recent traumatic experience, high levels of occupational stress from physical work environment and emotional labor, and the officer as a present job were significant correlates of suicidal ideation in the previous year, even after controlling the effect of PTSD and depressive symptoms. With respect to demographic factors, female gender, and divorced/separated/widowed marital status were associated with suicidal ideation in the previous year in firefighters.
Conclusions: More firefighters experienced recent suicidal ideation than the general population and there were risk factors related to the role of firefighters in Korea. Intervention and policies that manage these risk factors are necessary for the prevention of suicide in firefighters.
EVOLUÃ‡ÃƒO HISTÃ“RICA DA MARCA
Authors: Hannas Anandy Kassis de Faria Alvim 
Published: July 2019

Apresenta-se, neste artigo, a evoluÃ§Ã£o histÃ³rica das marcas. A evoluÃ§Ã£o da marca pode ser definida em quatro etapas: (1) associaÃ§Ã£o do nome do proprietÃ¡rio ao nome do estabelecimento ou atividade econÃ´mica; (2) associaÃ§Ã£o de algum topÃ´nimo ao estabelecimento; (3) nome do produto associado aos processos produtivos ou Ã forma de sociedade e de associaÃ§Ã£o e; (4) utilizaÃ§Ã£o do nome baseado em recursos mercadolÃ³gicos para sua definiÃ§Ã£o. NÃ£o hÃ¡ uma data especÃ­fica para determinar cada etapa. Elas ainda podem coexistir, conforme o tamanho da cidade, os ramos de atividade e, principalmente, da interaÃ§Ã£o com o consumidor. Ressalta-se que a marca Ã© essencial para o marketing bem sucedido de diversas empresas. A resposta do seu nome na mente do consumidor agiliza o processo de venda e consolida participaÃ§Ãµes de mercado. Ela Ã© um conjunto de percepÃ§Ãµes, sensaÃ§Ãµes e sinergia que possibilitam a identidade das empresas. Ao agregar valor ao produto, a marca gera vantagens e desvantagens que sÃ£o fundamentais para uma boa gestÃ£o estratÃ©gica. O conhecimento das melhores formas dc aplicaÃ§Ã£o possibilita aniagem competitiva para empresas que lutam para alcanÃ§ar posiÃ§Ãµes de mercado representativas. O desenvolvimento de produtos com marca requer estbrÃ§os na compreensÃ£o do mix der arketing. A sua utilizaÃ§Ã£o implica em custos altos e diversos adicionais. Em alguns casos Ã© melhor deixar a 'marca ser trabalhada por urna outra empresa.
LIDERANÃ‡A E PODER
Authors: Hott FÃ¡bio Cicarini 
Published: July 2019

Objetiva-se retratar neste artigo relaÃ§Ãµes de lideranÃ§a e de poder. SÃ£o muitos os desafios das organizaÃ§Ãµes neste comeÃ§o de sÃ©culo XXI. As mudanÃ§as constantes dos cenÃ¡rios em conseqÃ¼Ãªncia da evoluÃ§Ã£o dos mercados relacionadas Ã GlobalizaÃ§Ã£o, Ã formaÃ§Ã£o de Blocos EconÃ´micos, Ã s implicaÃ§Ãµes do avanÃ§o tecnolÃ³gico, Ã responsabilidade social das empresas, entre outros temas atuais, exigem das organizaÃ§Ãµes que estejam preparadas, mais do que nunca, para adaptaÃ§Ãµes, soluÃ§Ã£o de problemas e superaÃ§Ã£o de desafios. O lÃ­der tem papel fundamental nesse contexto, pois Ã© o ponto de partida para a obtenÃ§Ã£o de resultados favorÃ¡veis. Para tanto, deve estar preparado e consciente de sua responsabilidade em preparar tambÃ©m sua equipe, direcionando-a para o sucesso. Compreender os estilos de lideranÃ§a e as bases do poder nas organizaÃ§Ãµes, exercendo-os profissionalmente e eticamente, com o objetivo fundamental de crescimento das pessoas e das organizaÃ§Ãµes, Ã© fator preponderante para o sucesso.
PERFIL DA PEQUENA E MÃ‰DIA EMPRESA DO RAMO CALÃ‡ADISTA: UM ESTUDO DE CASOS MÃšLTIPLOS EM JUAZEIRO DO NORTE (CE)
Authors: Sousa Carlos AntÃ´nio Ferreira de , Paiva Maria Jeanne Gonzaga de 
Published: July 2019

Este estudo tem como objetivo traÃ§ar o perfil da pequena e mÃ©dia empresa do ramo calÃ§adista em Juazeiro do Norte (CE) no ano de 2002. Rezalizado atravÃ©s de pesquisa bibliogrÃ¡fica e de campo, cujo tamanho das empresas foi estabelecido pelo critÃ©rio Sebrae e as informaÃ§Ãµes cadastrais junto ao SindidÃºstria. Sendo, acessÂ´-ivel uma amostragem a 75% das mÃ©dias e 50% das pequenas. Dos principais resultados, tem-se que, apenas, as mÃ©dias concentram vendas nas regiÃµes Sul/Sudeste e sÃ³ uma exporta. Em relaÃ§Ã£o Ã mÃ£o-de-obra, 75% dos gerentes tÃªm ensino mÃ©dio e apenas 25% com nÃ­vel superior, nenhumas das entrevistadas dispÃµem de ISO (padrÃ£o internacional de qualidade). Dos problemas citados, encontra-se, a acrÃªncia de tecnologia. JÃ¡ as estratÃ©gias apontadas foram: atendimento das necessidades dos clientes e garantia de prazos de entrega. Conclui-se que, as referidas empresas apresentaram defasagens tecnolÃ³gicas e somente as mÃ©dias apresentaram uma melhor estrutura organizacional e produtiva.
O CONHECIMENTO COMO FATOR ESTRATÃ‰GICO DE COMPETITIVIDADE ORGANIZACIONAL
Authors: Oliveira Katiuscia Machado Barbosa , Oliveira Liliane de Lourdes , Lins Maria Fernanda Marques LeitÃ£o , Oliveira Penha Aparecida de , Freitas Ricardo JosÃ© Tavares 
Published: July 2019

Uma caracterÃ­stica marcante deste milÃ©nio sÃ£o as intensas mudanÃ§as. Para que as organizaÃ§Ãµes consigam se adaptar a esse contexto de inovaÃ§Ã£o e maior competitividade, elas devem favorecer o aprendizado, tornando-o um processo contÃ­nuo e interativo com seus colaboradores. As ferramentas utilizadas neste processo de aprendizagem advÃªm da Ã¡rea de Recursos Humanos (RH), que, nessa era de informaÃ§Ã£o e conhecimento, se torna parceiro estratÃ©gico das organizaÃ§Ãµes. A gestÃ£o do conhecimento vem se tornando um dos principais instrumentos de alavancagem competitiva. A capacidade de raciocÃ­nio, iniciativa e criatividade dos colaboradores agregam valor Ã s informaÃ§Ãµes e causam impacto sobre o resultado obtido pelas organizaÃ§Ãµes. Buscando conseguir a eficiÃªncia e a eficÃ¡cia e se posicionar Ã frente no mercado, as modernas organizaÃ§Ãµes devem favorecer o aprendizado, o acÃºmulo contÃ­nuo de conhecimentos e o desenvolvimento de seu capital intelectual. Assim, a gestÃ£o de pessoas proporciona e estimula o conhecimento como vantagem necessÃ¡ria para a organizaÃ§Ã£o acentuar sua posiÃ§Ã£o no mercado.
DIAGNÃ“STICO DOS SERVIÃ‡OS PRESTADOS PELA MECÃ‚NICA CANAÃƒ
Authors: Oliveira PatrÃ­cia Fonseca , Santos Marcos Ferreira 
Published: July 2019

O ambiente de serviÃ§os estÃ¡ cada vez mais tomando espaÃ§o na economia. O setor automobilÃ­stico em especial tem sido enfatizado em estudos de aprimoramento do processo de serviÃ§os, uma vez que os consumidores tornaram-se exigentes, devido Ã s influÃªncias do meio de comunicaÃ§Ã£o e a conscientizaÃ§Ã£o da necessidade de melhoria dos serviÃ§os. Conquistar e manter clientes tÃªm sido o foco das empresas que desejam manter-se no mercado, almejando cada vez mais aumentar o Ã­ndice de satisfaÃ§Ã£o de seus consumidores, com o intuito de tornÃ¡-los fiÃ©is e assim garantir a sustentabilidade da empresa, gerada pelo Ã­ndice de vendas. ComÂ a concorrÃªncia isso torna-se mais difÃ­cil, Ã© necessÃ¡rio buscar alternativas para se diferenciar e conquistar o poder de compra do consumidor. Em virtude disso, realizou-se um estudo para diagnosticar os serviÃ§os prestados pela MecÃ¢nica CanaÃ£. Primeiramente descreve-se o problema de pesquisa, que busca diagnosticar os serviÃ§os prestados pela MecÃ¢nica CanaÃ£, objeto do estudo. Posteriormente, sÃ£o definidos os objetivos do presente estudo que contribuÃ­ram para responder ao problema de pesquisa. O embasamento teÃ³rico explica diversos aspectos do marketing de serviÃ§os, e como o mesmo contribui para melhoria na prestaÃ§Ã£o do serviÃ§o. Logo apÃ³s sÃ£o analisados os meios pelos quais foi realizada a pesquisa em campo, os mÃ©todos utilizados, seguindo a anÃ¡lise dos resultados, onde sÃ£o demonstrados os resultados colhidos dos questionÃ¡rios aplicados aos clientes, bem como a entrevista feita aos administradores do estabelecimento. As propostas de melhoria para os gargalos encontrados no diagnÃ³stico sÃ£o apresentadas nas consideraÃ§Ãµes finais, com alternativas para minimizar o impacto dos pontos negativos no processo de serviÃ§o.
O INVENTÃRIO E A PARTILHA
Authors: Cardoso Erofilho Lopes 
Published: July 2019

O procedimento de inventÃ¡rio e partilha encontra-se inserido no livro IV, que trata dos procedimentos especiais, e tÃ­tulo I, que envolve os procedimentos especiais de jurisdiÃ§Ã£o contenciosa. Mas a posiÃ§Ã£o dos mesmos no CÃ³digo de Processo Civil, de per se nÃ£o define a sua natureza jurÃ­dica. Possivelmente, a inclusÃ£o dos citados procedimento no tÃ­tulo dos procedimentos de â€œjurisdiÃ§Ã£o contenciosaâ€ parece inadequada. DaÃ­ emerge a importÃ¢ncia de se saber que a â€œjurisdiÃ§Ã£o contenciosaâ€ nÃ£o se caracteriza unicamente mediante a â€œpretensÃ£o resistida", mas tambÃ©m atravÃ©s da existÃªncia de â€œinteresses nÃ£o convergentesâ€. Por isso, a partilha entre maiores e capazes pode se constituir como procedimento de â€œjurisdiÃ§Ã£o voluntÃ¡riaâ€, com homologaÃ§Ã£o judicial da vontade dos interessados.Â Este artigo nÃ£o objetiva apresentar um estudo exaustivo da temÃ¡tica em questÃ£o, mas sim expor de forma sintÃ©tica, sistemÃ¡tica e com boa fundamentaÃ§Ã£o teÃ³rica o essencial do tema proposto: do inventÃ¡rio e da partilha. Para isso, divide-se e desenvolve-se o conteÃºdo do assunto supracitado em duas partes constitutivas fundamentais.Â
CONSIDERAÃ‡Ã•ES SOBRE DIREITO, LIBERDADE E ESTADO EM KANT, TOCQUEVILLE E STUART MILL
Authors: Campos Germano Moreira 
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo se dedica a desenvolver uma sÃ­ntese do pensamento polÃ­tico-filosÃ³fico de Immanuel Kant, e, ainda, fazer uma certa aproximaÃ§Ã£o com os ideais de AlÃ©xis de Tocqueville e John Stuart-Mill, de acordo com assuntos especÃ­ficos. Kant, filÃ³sofo alemÃ£o do sÃ©culo XVIII, desenvolveu seu pensamento baseado, fundamentalmente, na razÃ£o e na concepÃ§Ã£o de liberdade que ela lega ao homem. A natureza tem importante funÃ§Ã£o na elevaÃ§Ã£o do indivÃ­duo; e o Estado, na visÃ£o kantiana, exerce e sofre aÃ§Ã£o dos homens entendidos enquanto sociedade. As noÃ§Ãµes de liberdade, Estado, direito e mesmo a idÃ©ia de cidadÃ£o (indivÃ­duo) tÃªm semelhanÃ§as e distanciamentos que se tornam evidentes quando comparados aos pensamentos desses trÃªs legÃ­timos â€œanalistasâ€ das situaÃ§Ãµes e das instituiÃ§Ãµes de seu tempo. Houve uma certa dificuldade para chegar a tais consideraÃ§Ãµes, pois a contradiÃ§Ã£o Ã© marca presente â€“ internamente â€“ nesses pensadores, embora Tocqueville chegue a ser, dentre todos, o mais claro nas suas definiÃ§Ãµes, embora seja bastante pessimista quanto Ã sua anÃ¡lise.
ASSISTÃŠNCIA MULTIPROFISSIONAL: Ã€ SAÃšDE DO HOMEM: UM DESAFIO PARA A ATENÃ‡ÃƒO PRIMÃRIA
Authors: VenÃ¢ncio Daniela de Lima , SimÃµes Diana Alves Prates , Borges KÃªnia do Carmo Marinho , Bretas ValquÃ­ria dos Santos 
Published: July 2019

A assistÃªncia multiprofissional Ã saÃºde do homem Ã© um desafio para atenÃ§Ã£o primÃ¡ria, uma vez que os homens sÃ£o mais vulnerÃ¡veis Ã s doenÃ§as crÃ´nicas. E um dos motivos relacionados a essa disparidade Ã© a pouca procura pelos serviÃ§os de saÃºde disponÃ­veis quando comparados ao dasÂ mulheres. Trata-se de um estudo que contempla aÃ§Ãµes preventivas voltadas para esse pÃºblico diferenciado, sendo realizado por meio da busca ativa em uma empresa privada na Ã¡rea de abrangÃªncia da Unidade BÃ¡sica SaÃºde FamÃ­lia - Jardim PetrÃ³polis. O objetivo foi identificar os provÃ¡veis riscos que podem predispÃ´-los a patologias coronarianas. Assim, mesmo sendo considerado um desafio, intervenÃ§Ãµes voltadas Ã saÃºde do homem sÃ£o necessÃ¡rias para aproximÃ¡-los do serviÃ§o de saÃºde. Sendo que a estratÃ©gia de intervenÃ§Ã£o permita modificaÃ§Ãµes no programa de saÃºde da famÃ­lia a fim de contemplar integralmente este pÃºblico diferenciado.
The impact of varying spatial resolution of climate models on future rainfall simulations in the Pra River Basin (Ghana)
Authors: Bessah Enoch , Raji Abdulganiy O. , Taiwo Olalekan J. , Agodzo Sampson K. , Ololade Olusola O. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This work compares future projections of rainfall over the Pra River Basin (Ghana) using data from five climate models for the period 2020–2049, as referenced to the control period 1981–2010. Bias-correction methods were applied where necessary and models' performances were evaluated with Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency, root-mean-square error and coefficient of determination. Standardised Anomaly Index (SAI) was used to determine variability. The onset and cessation dates and length of the rainy season were determined by modifying the Walter–Olaniran method. The ensemble means of the models projected a 1.77% decrease in rainfall. The SAI showed that there would be drier than normal years with the likelihood of drought occurrence in 2021, 2023, 2031 and 2036. The findings showed that high-resolution models (≤25 km) were more capable of simulating rainfall at the basin scale than mid-resolution models (26–150 km) and projected a 20.13% increase. Therefore, the rainfall amount is expected to increase in the future. However, the projected increase in the length of the dry season by the ensemble of the models suggested that alternative sources of water would be necessary to supplement rainfed crop production for food security.