bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytochemical analysis of Ononis arvensis L. by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
Authors: Gampe Nóra , Darcsi András , Nagyné Nedves Andrea , Boldizsár Imre , Kursinszki László , Béni Szabolcs 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOnonis arvensis L. can be found overall in Europe and is used to treat infections of the urinary tract and skin diseases in ethnopharmacology. Flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, oxycoumarin, scopoletin and scopolin, phytosterols, lectins, and some selected isoflavonoids were identified in O. arvensis till date; however, there is a lack of the detailed investigation of the isoflavonoid profile of the plant. With the application of high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry, the fragmentation patterns of isoflavonoid derivatives found in O. arvensis roots and aerial parts were investigated and discussed. Isoflavonoid glucosides, glucoside malonates, aglycones, and beta amino acid derivatives were characterized, among which homoproline isoflavonoid glucoside esters were described for the first time. Besides the known isoflavonoid aglycones described earlier in other Ononis species, two 2′‐methoxy isoflavonoid derivatives were detected. The presence of licoagroside B was verified, and its structure was also corroborated by NMR experiments. Altogether, the high‐resolution fragmentation pattern of 47 isoflavonoids and glycosides is presented, and their relative quantity in the roots and the aerial parts can be evaluated. Based on this information, the chemotaxonomic relation of Ononis species and the biosynthesis of their compounds could be comprehended to a greater depth.
The preparation and antibacterial effect of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against the outer membrane proteins of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Hu Bochao , Yang Xiaodong , Guo Erpeng , Zhou Peizhan , Xu Ding , Qi Zhenqiang , Deng Li 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDVibrio parahaemolyticus causes not only various diseases in aquaculture animals but also seafood‐borne illness in humans. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) are species‐specific proteins found in bilayer membranes of gram‐negative bacteria. Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) has been reported to serve as oral administration of antibodies against bacteria and virus.RESULTSThe present research extracted and identified OMPs from V. parahaemolyticus, and then the extracted OMPs were used to immunize hens to obtain specific IgY. The efficacy of IgY against V. parahaemolyticus were investigated in vitro and in vivo. The specific IgY effectively inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus in liquid medium rather than Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Specific IgY antibodies were incorporated into extruded food pellets and fed to bacteria‐challenged white pacific shrimp to observe the anti‐bacterial effect in vivo. The bacterial loads in muscles of V. parahaemolyticus infected shrimp fed with specific IgY‐included diets were significantly fewer than those fed with non‐specific IgY‐included diets. The superoxide dismutase activities in muscles of infected shrimp fed with specific IgY‐included diets were significantly higher than the control group.CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that the specific IgY effectively inhibited the growth of V. parahaemolyticus and introduced passive immunity to shrimp. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Decision aid prototype for treatment of pediatric sleep disordered breathing: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Meier Jeremy D. , Chorney Jill M. , Fox Samuel D. , Hong Paul 
Published: November 2018

Objectives1) To examine the feasibility and usability of a decision aid prototype (DA) for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). 2) to estimate parameters for a future randomized controlled trial.Study DesignMulticenter randomized pilot trial.MethodsNinety‐nine parents of children ( < 6 years of age) undergoing consultation for adenotonsillectomy for sleep‐disordered breathing were prospectively enrolled. Families were randomly assigned to receive the DA or to follow standard care procedures. All consultations were video‐recorded and coded with the observing patient involvement in decision making (OPTION) instrument. Following the consultation, parents completed the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS) and Shared Decision‐Making Questionnaire (SDM‐Q‐9), whereas otolaryngologists completed the physician version (SDM‐Q‐Doc). A subset of parents and surgeons were interviewed to assess the usability of the DA.Results: Overall, a significantly negative correlation between DCS and SDM‐Q‐9 was observed (P < 0.001). Interviews showed that parents found the DA helpful but wanted more time to read and contemplate the information. Both parents and surgeons indicated that instructions on how to use the DA would be beneficial. For parents receiving the DA, the mean total OPTION score was 13.83 out of 40 (standard deviation 5.24), compared to 11.95 (standard deviation 5.21) in those not receiving the DA (P = 0.11). There were no significant differences in the decisional conflict or shared decision making when using the DA.Conclusion: The DA was feasible but used differently among surgeons. The need to improve SDM techniques was suggested by both surgeons and parents. Future studies training otolaryngologists on effective SDM techniques and how to appropriately utilize decision aids may improve SDM for pediatric OSA.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 129:229–234, 2019
Topical Application of 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid Is Sufficient for Photodynamic Therapy on Vocal Folds
Authors: Zhang Chi , Gong Ting , Wang Jiajia , Chou Adriana , Jiang Jack J. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesTo evaluate the feasibility of topical photodynamic therapy (PDT) using 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) for vocal fold leukoplakia.Study DesignEx vivo and in vivo.Methods5‐ALA was applied topically as a 20% solution to ex vivo canine vocal folds. The penetration depth and concentrations of 5‐ALA in tissue were quantified using frozen sectioning and fluorescamine derivatization after 5‐ALA contact incubation or topical spraying. Then, 5‐ALA solution was sprayed on leporine vocal folds once, twice, or given systemically in vivo. Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) location was visualized using fluorescence microscopy, and PPIX concentrations were measured using a fluorescent quantitative method. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was performed to visualize the histological changes of vocal folds after PDT for each group.ResultsTopical incubation of 15 minutes with 5‐ALA achieved a penetration depth of over 2 mm and similar concentrations within the superficial 500 μm of epithelium, compared with longer incubation times. Topical spraying of 5‐ALA produced sufficient concentrations in vocal folds, but the retention time is short. An in vivo leporine model showed that laryngeal spraying of 20% 5‐ALA induced similar penetration depth and concentrations of PPIX compared to systemic administration of 5‐ALA. Two sprays of 20% 5‐ALA solution with an interval of 30 minutes are needed to produce complete exfoliation of vocal fold epithelium.ConclusionTopical PDT with laryngeal spraying of 20% 5‐ALA solution achieves sufficient therapeutic effects and is potentially applicable for the treatment of vocal fold leukoplakia.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:E80–E86, 2019
Optimal resection margin for head and neck cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Han Albert Y. , Dhanjani Suraj , Pettijohn Kelly , Patel Pratik B. , John Maie A. St. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisThe objective of this study was to examine the difference between a narrow (between 1 and 2 cm) and a wide (>2 cm) margin in the surgical resection of head and neck cutaneous melanoma.Study DesignPopulation‐based cohort analysis.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was employed to identify patients who had cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck from 2004 to 2014. Outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS).ResultsAmong the total of 3,583 cases of cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck with known resection margins, 2,641 individuals had narrow resection margins, and 942 patients had wide margins. Most of the tumors presented in the skin of the scalp and neck, followed by the face, external ear, and other areas. The 5‐year and 10‐year Kaplan‐Meier OS probabilities for narrow and wide margins were 65% and 66%, respectively, compared with 49% and 48%, respectively. The DSS probabilities exhibited similar trends between the two groups at these time points. In the Cox regression model, the patients who received narrow margins had similar OS (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.918‐1.217) and DSS (95% CI: 0.856‐1.352) compared with the wide resection margin group, even when controlled for age, sex, T stage, and histology.ConclusionsThe survival of patients with cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck depends on age, depth of tumor invasion, and histology. Within the head and neck, a wider resection margin of >2 cm does not confer any additional survival benefit compared with a narrower margin. Future studies should examine whether wider surgical margins would confer survival benefit in local or recurrent melanoma.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 129:1386–1394, 2019
Modified endoscopic endonasal approach with a minimally invasive transoral approach—an adjunct to infrapetrous approaches
Authors: Maza Guillermo , Omar Ali M. Moustafa , Subramaniam Somasundram , Otto Bradley A. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the potential of a minimally invasive transoral–transpalatal approach (MITA) to the retrocarotid petrous apex, as an adjunct to endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs).Study DesignCadaver study.MethodsFive cadaveric specimens were dissected raising an inverted U‐shaped palatal mucoperiosteal flap, and drilling a rectangular palatotomy (between the greater palatine foramens, and just anterior to the palatine aponeurosis). This allowed a transpterygoid EEA with cross‐court access (contralateral line of sight), followed by an extradural clivectomy that exposed the petroclival junction bilaterally. Surgical targets were marked on the posterior and medial surface of the petrous internal carotid artery (ICA), at its anterior genu, midhorizontal portion, and posterior genu. For each target and approach, the surgical freedom and angles of approach (in the horizontal and vertical planes) were calculated and statistically compared.ResultsCompared to EEA, the MITA resulted in greater surgical freedom for all targets, with the highest values at the anterior genu (1,661.37 mm2 vs. 312.76 mm2, P <.001), and maintaining superiority in this regard all the way to the posterior genu (847.84 mm3 vs. 138.91 mm3, P < .005). MITA also offered greater angles of approach for all targets.ConclusionsThis study suggests that the MITA may be indicated to supplement the exposure provided by a transpterygoid EEA. This technique, associated with low potential morbidity, offers an alternative to internal carotid lateralization while managing extradural lesions that are adjacent to the petrous ICA.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:339–343, 2019
I dream of Gini: Quantifying inequality in otolaryngology residency interviews
Authors: Lee Andrew H. , Young Patrick , Liao Ross , Yi Paul H. , Reh Douglas , Best Simon R. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesOtolaryngology applicants routinely decry conflicting interview dates because this limits the number of interviews that one can attend, despite being offered an interview. Conversely, applicants also perceive that a large number of interviews are offered to a minority of applicants. We sought to verify and quantify the inequality in distribution of interviews attended.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of the National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) 2016 Charting Outcomes in the Match and Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) historic specialty data.MethodsThe Gini coefficient, a commonly used indicator of economic inequality, was calculated using data from the 2016 Charting Outcomes in the Match to estimate the distribution of interviews attended. This data was compared to nine other specialties, comprising a wide range of competitiveness and specialty size.Results26% (110 of 416) of otolaryngology applicants accounted for half (1,721 of 3,426) of all possible interview positions. The Gini coefficient ranged from 0.43 to 0.84 across 10 specialties, with a higher coefficient indicating higher inequality. The Gini coefficient among otolaryngology applicants was 0.43, indicating lower inequality than most other specialties. When including only applicants who interviewed, the Gini coefficient was 0.23.ConclusionThere is an unequal distribution of interview invitations, which likely reflects the reality of asymmetry in applicant competitiveness. Otolaryngology demonstrates the greatest equality in distribution, which may stem from a greater burden of hoarding. The specialty's perceived competitiveness mitigates factors such as cost and time, essentially encouraging more people to take as many interviews as they can.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:627–633, 2019
Glottic exposure for transoral laser microsurgery: Proposal of a mini‐version of the laryngoscore
Authors: Incandela Fabiola , Paderno Alberto , Missale Francesco , Laborai Andrea , Filauro Marta , Mora Francesco , Del Bon Francesca , Piazza Cesare , Peretti Giorgio 
Published: November 2018

ObjectivesGood laryngeal exposure (GLE) is typically regarded as an essential prerequisite for transoral laser microsurgery (TLM). The Laryngoscore is a preoperative scoring system aimed at predicting glottic visualization through the laryngoscope using easy patient‐derived parameters. However, the presence of subjective variables may hamper its reliability and reproducibility. The aim of the present study was to provide a validation of the Laryngoscore and to develop a revised mini‐version of the same, called mini‐Laryngoscore (mLS), which could allow even quicker, yet sufficiently accurate, preoperative prediction of GLE.Study DesignProspective cohort study.MethodsWe prospectively evaluated 310 consecutive patients submitted to TLM between 2014 and 2017, grading each patient according to the variables considered in the Laryngoscore.ResultsAmong the 11 variables of the previous Laryngoscore, three were confirmed as statistically significant at validation: interincisors gap, thyromental distance, and upper jaw dental status. We chose these three variables as part of the revised mLS (ranging from 0 to 4). In our cohort, 30% of the patients obtained a score of 0, 57% a score of 1, 11% a score of 2, and 2% a score of ≥3. GLE was achieved in 97%, 85%, 65%, and 20% of cases, respectively.ConclusionOur validation confirmed the predictive ability of the Laryngoscore. Furthermore, although composed of only three clinical parameters, the mLS was still able to convey useful information regarding the possibility of obtaining GLE.Level of Evidence2Laryngoscope, 129:1617–1622, 2019
Spatial simulation of soil‐water content in dry and wet conditions in a hectometer‐scale degraded alpine meadow
Authors: Zhu Xu‐Chao , Cao Rui‐Xue , Shao Ming‐An 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSoil‐water content (SWC) is a key factor in restoring degraded vegetation in alpine meadow ecosystems, but it has rarely been spatially simulated on a hectometer scale. We simulated SWC for typical dry and wet days in an alpine meadow using multivariate linear regression and autoregressive state‐space equations based on SWC and other soil, terrain, and vegetation parameters to evaluate the efficiency of these two methods in dry and wet soil‐moisture conditions. SWC measured on a typical dry day (SWC‐D) and a wet day (SWC‐W) increased and decreased with depth, respectively, and SWC‐D was similar to SWC‐W at a depth of 50 cm. Both SWC‐D and SWC‐W were significantly correlated with soil bulk density (BD), capillary porosity, silt content (Silt), gravel and stone content (GSC), pH, and organic carbon density (OCD), and both SWC‐D and SWC‐W were significantly auto‐correlated and cross‐correlated with BD, Silt, GSC, pH, and OCD at more than one lag distance. Multivariate linear regression using three variables in both dry and wet conditions had the highest accuracy, and the accuracy was generally higher for dry conditions than it was for wet conditions. The bivariate state‐space model was the most accurate for both dry and wet soil conditions, but the expression variables were totally different, with pH and OCD for dry day and BD and Silt for wet day. The conditions of soil moisture should thus be considered when choosing variables with which to simulate SWC, instead of only considering the relationships between SWC and other variables.
Decline in soil moisture due to vegetation restoration on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Su Bingqian , Shangguan Zhouping 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAfforestation brings lots of water‐related benefits, including reducing soil erosion and improving water conservation, simultaneously; it is considered to be a land use activity, which threatens water resources security. Characterizing the response of soil moisture to revegetation is important for the sustainability of water and plants on the Loess Plateau of China. In this study, we conducted a meta‐analysis of 1,262 observations from 66 published studies to evaluate the effect of land use on the soil moisture of forest, shrubland, and grassland regions at a depth of 5 m in different ecological zones of the Loess Plateau. The results indicated that (a) Soil moisture content (SMC) decreased after land use conversion in all three ecological zones and was inconsistent among different soil layers. (b) Except for other grassland species, changes in the response size for soil moisture were not significant among any tree species, including Pinus tabuliformis, Robinia pseudoacacia, other forest species, Caragana korshinskii, other shrubland species, and Medicago sativa. (c) Soil moisture changes varied with different restoration types and ages. (d) The change in response to precipitation was not significant, whereas the change in response to temperature was significant. In addition, the responses of the initial soil moisture levels exhibited a negative correlation with revegetation. These results indicate that it is vital for scientific afforestation in the Loess Plateau to complement local climate conditions and soil properties.
Biodegradable Nerve Guidance Conduit with Microporous and Micropatterned Poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid)‐Accelerated Sciatic Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Kim Seong Min , Lee Min Suk , Jeon Jin , Lee Dong Hyun , Yang Kisuk , Cho Seung‐Woo , Han Inbo , Yang Hee Seok 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAn innovative technique combining capillary force lithography and phase separation method in one step is applied to fabricate artificial nerve guidance conduit (NGC) for peripheral nerve regeneration. Biodegradable porous, patterned NGC (PP‐NGC) using poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) is fabricated. It has micro‐grooves and microporosity on the inner surface to promote axonal outgrowth and to enhance permeability for nutrient exchange. In this study, it is confirmed that the inner surface of micro‐grooves can modulate neurite orientation and length of mouse neural stem cell compared to porous flat NGC (PF‐NGC) in vitro. Coating with 3,4‐dihydroxy‐l‐phenylalanine (DOPA) facilitates the hydrophilic inner surface of PF‐ and PP‐NGCs via bioinspired catechol chemistry. For in vivo study, PF‐NGC and PP‐NGC coated with or without DOPA are implanted in the 10 mm sciatic nerve defect margins between proximal and distal nerves in rats. Especially, PP‐NGC coated with DOPA shows higher sciatic function index score, onset‐to‐peak amplitude, and muscle fiber diameter compared to other groups. The proposed hybrid‐structured NGC not only can serve as a design for functional NGC without growth factor but also can be used in clinical application for peripheral nerve regeneration.
Graphene Oxide Immobilized PLGA‐polydopamine Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Growth Inhibition of Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Minmin , Jiang Suwei , Zhang Feng , Li Linlin , Hu Hailiang , Wang Hualin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO)/poly (lactide‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds have promising applications in the biomedical field. However, greater attention is focused on the incorporated system and its applications in normal cells. In this work, a novel GO immobilized PLGA nanofibrous scaffold assisted by polydopamine (PLGA‐PDA‐GO) is developed for growth inhibition of HT‐29 colon cancer cells. The interactions between GO and PDA are attributed to a π–π conjugate interaction and electrostatic attraction. In addition to the enhancement of thermal stability and mechanical strength, the surface roughness, hydrophilicity, and electro‐activity of the scaffolds are significantly improved by immobilization of GO. The scaffolds show good inhibition of HT‐29, and immobilized GO is observed to be in contact with but not internalized in HT‐29 cells. The cytotoxicity mechanism of scaffolds toward HT‐29 is attributed to intracellular activated reactive oxygen species that result from the physical interaction of the sharp GO edges and electrical signals of π–π stacking between PDA and GO.
Extending paraconsistent quantum logic: a single‐antecedent/succedent system approach
Authors: Kamide Norihiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, some conservative extensions of paraconsistent quantum logic, such as Nelsonian, modal, infinitary and temporal, are investigated by extending a single‐antecedent/succedent sequent calculus for paraconsistent quantum logic. A sequent calculus , which is obtained from by adding implication and co‐implication, is introduced as a variant of Nelson's paraconsistent four‐valued logic. Sequent calculi , and are introduced, respectively, as modal, infinitary and temporal extensions of . The cut‐elimination and duality theorems for these calculi are proved, and some extended calculi including and , as well as their fragments, are shown to be decidable. A theorem for embedding into its negation‐free fragment and a theorem for embedding into are proved.
Facile Preparation of Linear Polyurethane from UPy‐Capped Poly(dl‐Lactic Acid) Macrodiol
Authors: Ren Wei , Li Zhenlong , Chen Yimei , Gao Hanyang , Yang Wei , Wang Yuanliang , Luo Yanfeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLinear polyurethanes based on poly(dl‐lactic acid) (PDLLA) macrodiol are promising materials in tissue engineering, yet their synthesis requires rigorous control on various parameters. A facile way to prepare linear polyurethanes by capping the PDLLA macrodiol (M
n = 4536) with 2‐ureido‐4[1H]‐pyrimidone (UPy) is reported. The obtained low‐molecular‐weight UPy‐capped polyurethane can form flexible, stretchable, and hydrophobic supramolecular films due to the strong and unidirectional quadruple hydrogen bonding of UPy dimers. Tensile tests, shape recovery, and self‐healing observations indicate that, compared with conventional PDLLA macrodiol‐based linear polyurethane (M
n = 48840 and PDI = 1.8), the UPy‐capped polyurethane films have comparable mechanical properties (tensile modulus: 900 ± 38 MPa; ultimate strength: 9.6 ± 0.8 MPa) yet significantly better shape memory and self‐healing properties. These results suggest that the UPy‐capped polyurethane might become an alternative for conventional linear polyurethane as a new biomedical material.