bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell-autonomous requirement of TDP-43, an ALS/FTD signature protein, for oligodendrocyte survival and myelination
Authors: Wang Jia , Ho Wan Yun , Lim Kenneth , Feng Jia , Tucker-Kellogg Greg , Nave Klaus-Armin , Ling Shuo-Chien 
Published: October 2018

Significance
TDP-43 is the defining pathological hallmark protein for two overlapping adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TDP-43 proteinopathies are also found in other major neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, further highlighting the pivotal role of TDP-43 in the nervous system. Curiously, TDP-43 aggregates are also found in oligodendrocytes, which provide myelination and metabolic support for the neurons. Here, we show that TDP-43 is indispensable, in a cell-autonomous manner, for the proper functioning of mature oligodendrocytes, in particular, myelination and cell survival. Specifically, TDP-43 depletion leads to RIPK1-mediated necroptosis of mature oligodendrocytes and down-regulation of myelin proteins that are essential for myelination but exerts no apparent toxicity on motor neurons.
Shear heating reconciles thermal models with the metamorphic rock record of subduction
Authors: Kohn Matthew J. , Castro Adrian E. , Kerswell Buchanan C. , Ranero César R. , Spear Frank S. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Thermal structure controls numerous aspects of subduction zone metamorphism, rheology, and melting. Many thermal models assume small or negligible coefficients of friction and underpredict pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions recorded by subduction zone metamorphic rocks by hundreds of degrees Celsius. Adding shear heating to thermal models simultaneously reproduces surface heat flow and the P–T conditions of exhumed metamorphic rocks. Hot dry rocks are denser than cold wet rocks, so rocks from young-hot subduction systems are denser and harder to exhume through buoyancy. Thus, the metamorphic record may underrepresent hot-young subduction and overrepresent old-cold subduction.
Switchable control over in vivo CAR T expansion, B cell depletion, and induction of memory
Authors: Viaud Sophie , Ma Jennifer S. Y. , Hardy Ian R. , Hampton Eric N. , Benish Brent , Sherwood Lance , Nunez Vanessa , Ackerman Christopher J. , Khialeeva Elvira , Weglarz Meredith , Lee Sung Chang , Woods Ashley K. , Young Travis S. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy represents a powerful strategy in immuno-oncology. Nevertheless, associated life-threatening toxicities and chronic B cell aplasia have underscored the need to control engineered T cells in the patient. To address these challenges, we have previously developed a switchable CAR (sCAR) T cell platform that allows dose-titratable control over CAR T cell activity by using antibody-based switches. Here, we demonstrate in a syngeneic murine model that the switchable platform can impart antitumor efficacy while dissociating long-term persistence from chronic B cell aplasia. Further, the functional reversibility of the switchable platform can be leveraged to incorporate “rest” phases through cyclical dosing of the switch to enable the induction of a robust central memory population for in vivo, on-demand expansion of sCAR T cells.
Regulation of myelin structure and conduction velocity by perinodal astrocytes
Authors: Dutta Dipankar J. , Woo Dong Ho , Lee Philip R. , Pajevic Sinisa , Bukalo Olena , Huffman William C. , Wake Hiroaki , Basser Peter J. , SheikhBahaei Shahriar , Lazarevic Vanja , Smith Jeffrey C. , Fields R. Douglas 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Proper communication between brain regions, via white matter tracts, allows us to carry out complex cognitive and motor tasks. Impulses traveling must arrive at relay points almost simultaneously for such communication to be effective. Myelin enables saltatory conduction of impulses and hence is a candidate for modulation of impulse conduction velocity. But myelin structure, once formed, has been considered static. In this study, we show that mature myelin structure is dynamic. The mature myelin sheath thickness and nodal gap length can be reversibly modulated to optimize the speed of axonal impulses. This modulation of myelin is regulated by exocytosis of thrombin protease inhibitors from astrocytes at the node of Ranvier.
Ab initio structure determination from experimental fluctuation X-ray scattering data
Authors: Pande Kanupriya , Donatelli Jeffrey J. , Malmerberg Erik , Foucar Lutz , Bostedt Christoph , Schlichting Ilme , Zwart Petrus H. 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Fluctuation X-ray scattering is a biophysical structural characterization technique that overcomes low data-to-parameter ratios encountered in traditional X-ray methods used for studying noncrystalline samples. By collecting a series of ultrashort X-ray exposures on an ensemble of particles at a free-electron laser, information-dense experimental data can be extracted that ultimately result in structures with a greater level of detail than can be obtained using traditional X-ray scattering methods. In this article we demonstrate the practical feasibility of this technique by introducing data-processing techniques and advanced noise-filtering methods that reduce the required data collection time to less than a few minutes. This will ultimately allow one to visualize details of structural dynamics that may be inaccessible through traditional methods.
Agonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) inhibit human experimental cancers in vivo by down-regulating receptors for GHRH
Authors: Schally Andrew V. , Wang Haibo , He Jinlin , Cai Renzhi , Sha Wei , Popovics Petra , Perez Roberto , Vidaurre Irving , Zhang Xianyang 
Published: October 2018

Significance
This study demonstrates that the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) agonist MR409 exerts agonistic action in cancer cells in vitro but, in vivo, suppresses tumor growth of human experimental lung cancers and other cancers. The inhibition of lung tumor growth by MR409 is accompanied by down-regulation of pituitary-type GHRH receptor and its splice-variant in pituitary glands and tumors. Our findings resemble well-known phenomena of the suppression of sex hormone-dependent cancers after the down-regulation of receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) by LHRH agonists. In addition to hinting at previously unknown approaches to possible uses of GHRH agonists, these findings may relieve serious concerns about stimulating growth of cancers with GHRH agonists in the course of therapy for other diseases and conditions.
Humanized cereblon mice revealed two distinct therapeutic pathways of immunomodulatory drugs
Authors: Gemechu Yohannes , Millrine David , Hashimoto Shigeru , Prakash Jaya , Sanchenkova Ksenia , Metwally Hozaifa , Gyanu Parajuli , Kang Sujin , Kishimoto Tadamitsu 
Published: October 2018

Significance
Shortly after its appearance on the drug market, it was found out that thalidomide was highly teratogenic. Although thalidomide passed the safety check in pregnant mice, it was not safe among humans due to different actions of thalidomide among various species. Due to inactivity of immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) in mice, preclinical safety checks and clinical investigation of IMiDs is impossible in murine models. Here, we developed a murine model to study IMiDs in vivo and began to unravel the complex IMiD mechanism of action. This model may also permit investigation of the main safety concerns. We further investigated IMiD activity toward different substrates targeted by small molecules. Overall, our study provides an important insight into the study of IMiDs.
A critical review of research and practice in data-driven learning (DDL) in the academic writing classroom
Authors: Chen Meilin , Flowerdew John 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSince the late 1980s, there has been a growing interest in the direct application of corpora, or data-driven learning (DDL), in language education. This relatively novel teaching approach has been particularly applied in the teaching and learning of English for Academic Purposes (EAP)/academic writing, especially since the turn of the century. This paper synthesizes and evaluates the research progress in the field of EAP/academic writing since the year 2000 by critically reviewing 37 empirical studies focussing on applications of DDL in this context. Based on the critical review and a discussion of some contentious issues, a set of five recommendations for the way forward in DDL research and practice for EAP/academic writing is presented.
A corpus-driven comparison of English and French Islamist extremist texts
Authors: Baker Paul , Vessey Rachelle 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Using corpus linguistics and qualitative, manual discourse analysis, this paper compares English and French extremist texts to
determine how messages in different languages draw upon similar and distinct discursive themes and linguistic strategies. Findings
show that both corpora focus on religion and rewards (i.e. for faith) and strongly rely on othering strategies. However, the
English texts are concerned with world events whereas the French texts focus on issues specific to France. Also, while the English
texts use Arabic code-switching as a form of legitimation, the French texts use a formal register and quotation from scripture in
discussions of permissions, rights, obligations and laws. Finally, the English texts refer to and justify violence to a greater
extent than the French texts. This paper contributes to the field of terrorism studies and the field of corpus linguistics by
presenting a new approach to corpus-driven studies of discourse across more than one language.
VarSome: the human genomic variant search engine
Authors: Kopanos Christos , Tsiolkas Vasilis , Kouris Alexandros , Chapple Charles E , Albarca Aguilera Monica , Meyer Richard , Massouras Andreas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Summary
VarSome.com is a search engine, aggregator and impact analysis tool for human genetic variation and a community-driven project aiming at sharing global expertise on human variants.

Availability and implementation
VarSome is freely available at http://varsome.com.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Long non-coding RNA LOC284454 promotes migration and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via modulating the Rho/Rac signaling pathway
Authors: Fan Chunmei , Tang Yanyan , Wang Jinpeng , Wang Yian , Xiong Fang , Zhang Shanshan , Li Xiayu , Xiang Bo , Wu Xu , Guo Can , Ma Jian , Zhou Ming , Li Xiaoling , Xiong Wei , Li Yong , Li Guiyuan , Zeng Zhaoyang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a unique malignant cancer with high metastasis. Because the early symptoms of NPC patients are not obvious, most patients have distant metastases when diagnosed, which makes treatment difficult. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in human carcinogenesis. LncRNAs have been increasingly identified but remain largely unknown in NPC. Therefore, we performed gene expression profiling to screen for altered expression of lncRNAs in NPC tissues and adjacent samples. One lncRNA, LOC284454, was upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in NPC. In in vivo and in vitro assays, LOC284454 promoted the migration and invasion capacity of NPC cells. Mass spectrometry combined with bioinformatics suggested that LOC284454 affected the cytoskeletal and adhesion-related Rho/Rac signaling pathways. LOC284454 may be a potential novel treatment target and is expected to be a new diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with NPC.
Next-generation Diagnostics for Melioidosis: Evaluation of a Prototype i-STAT Cartridge to Detect Burkholderia pseudomallei Biomarkers
Authors: Schully Kevin L , Young Charles C , Mayo Mark , Connolly Amy L , Rigas Vanessa , Spall Ammarah , Chan Alyssa A , Salvador Mark G , Lawler James V , Opdyke Jason A , Clark Danielle V , Currie Bart J 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundInfection with the gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei can result in melioidosis, a life-threatening disease that can be difficult to diagnose. Culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis but requires laboratory resources not available in many endemic regions. A lateral flow immunoassay has shown promise for POC diagnostics but suffers from low sensitivity when used on blood samples. PCR also has low sensitivity on blood, attributed to the low bacterial numbers in blood observed in melioidosis patients, even when bacteraemic.MethodsA prototype i-STAT cartridge was developed to utilize the monoclonal antibody specific for the capsule of pathogenic Burkholderia species employed on the LFI. The resulting POC assay was evaluated on 414 clinical specimens from Darwin, Australia and Cambodia.ResultsThe i-STAT assay accurately distinguished Australian blood culture positive melioidosis patients from Australian patients hospitalized with other infections (AUC = 0.91, 95% CI 0.817 - 1.0). We derived an assay cutoff with 76% sensitivity and 94% specificity that correctly classified 88% (n = 74) of the Australian patients. Interestingly, only 46% (6/13) of the culture-positive melioidosis patients in Cambodia were classified correctly. Of great importance however, the assay detected capsule from blood samples for 32% of blood culture negative melioidosis patients in both cohorts and previously undiagnosed melioidosis patients in Cambodia. In addition the assay showed high sensitivity and specificity for urine, pus and sputum.ConclusionsDiagnostic tools that are not dependent upon the growth kinetics or the levels of bacteremia of B. pseudomallei represent the next-generation of diagnostics and must be pursued further.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: two-season ACTPol extragalactic point sources and their polarization properties
Authors: Datta Rahul , Aiola Simone , Choi Steve K , Devlin Mark , Dunkley Joanna , Dünner Rolando , Gallardo Patricio A , Gralla Megan , Halpern Mark , Hasselfield Matthew , Hilton Matt , Hincks Adam D , Ho Shuay-Pwu P , Hubmayr Johannes , Huffenberger Kevin M , Hughes John P , Kosowsky Arthur , López-Caraballo Carlos H , Louis Thibaut , Lungu Marius , Marriage Tobias , Maurin Loïc , McMahon Jeff , Moodley Kavilan , Naess Sigurd K , Nati Federico , Niemack Michael D , Page Lyman A , Partridge Bruce , Prince Heather , Staggs Suzanne T , Switzer Eric R , Wollack Edward J , Farren Gerrit 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
We report on measurements of the polarization of extragalactic sources at 148 GHz made during the first two seasons of the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarization (ACTPol) survey. The survey covered 680 deg2 of the sky on the celestial equator. Polarization measurements of 169 intensity-selected sources brighter than 30 mJy, that are predominantly active galactic nuclei, are presented. Above a total flux of 215 mJy where the noise bias removal in the polarization measurement is reliable, we detect 26 sources, 14 of which have a detection of linear polarization at greater than 3σ significance. The distribution of the fractional polarization as a function of total source intensity is analysed. Our result is consistent with the scenario that the fractional polarization of our measured radio source population is independent of total intensity down to the limits of our measurements and well described by a Gaussian distribution with a mean fractional polarization pm = 0.028 ± 0.005 and standard deviation $\sigma _{\mathrm{p_{m}}}$ = 0.054, truncated at p = 0. Extrapolating this model for the distribution of source polarization below the ACTPol detection threshold, we predict that one could get a clean measure of the E-mode polarization power spectrum of the microwave background out to $\ell \approx 6000$ with 1 $\mu$K-arcminute maps over ${10\!{\ \rm \%}}$ of the sky from a future survey. We also study the spectral energy distribution of the total and polarized source flux densities by cross-matching with low radio frequency catalogues. We do not find any correlation between the spectral indices for total flux and polarized flux.
The tight empirical relation between dark matter halo mass and flat rotation velocity for late-type galaxies
Authors: Katz Harley , Desmond Harry , McGaugh Stacy , Lelli Federico 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
We present a new empirical relation between galaxy dark matter halo mass (Mhalo) and the velocity along the flat portion of the rotation curve (Vflat), derived from 120 late-type galaxies from the SPARC data base. The orthogonal scatter in this relation is comparable to the observed scatter in the baryonic Tully–Fisher relation (BTFR), indicating a tight coupling between total halo mass and galaxy kinematics at r ≪ Rvir. The small vertical scatter in the relation makes it an extremely competitive estimator of total halo mass. We demonstrate that this conclusion holds true for different priors on M*/L[3.6$\mu$] that give a tight BTFR, but requires that the halo density profile follow DC14 rather than NFW. We provide additional relations between Mhalo and other velocity definitions at smaller galactic radii (i.e. V2.2, Veff, and Vmax) which can be useful for estimating halo masses from kinematic surveys, providing an alternative to abundance matching. Furthermore, we constrain the dark matter analogue of the radial acceleration relation and also find its scatter to be small, demonstrating the fine balance between baryons and dark matter in their contribution to galaxy kinematics.
Biased Policy Professionals
Authors: Banuri Sheheryar , Dercon Stefan , Gauri Varun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Although the decisions of policy professionals are often more consequential than those of individuals in their private capacity, there is a dearth of studies on the biases of policy professionals: those who prepare and implement policy on behalf of elected politicians. Experiments conducted on a novel subject pool of development policy professionals (public servants of the World Bank and the Department for International Development in the UK) show that policy professionals are indeed subject to decision-making traps, including the effects of framing outcomes as losses or gains, and, most strikingly, confirmation bias driven by ideological predisposition, despite having an explicit mission to promote evidence-informed and impartial decision making. These findings should worry policy professionals and their principals in governments and large organizations, as well as citizens themselves. A further experiment, in which policy professionals engage in discussion, shows that deliberation may be able to mitigate the effects of some of these biases.
Operative Strategies for Perforated Diverticulitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Acuna Sergio A. , Wood Trevor , Chesney Tyler R. , Dossa Fahima , Wexner Steven D. , Quereshy Fayez A. , Chadi Sami A. , Baxter Nancy N. 
Published: October 2018

BACKGROUND:
The traditional approach for perforated diverticulitis, the Hartmann procedure, has considerable morbidity and the challenge of stoma reversal. Alternative procedures, including primary resection and anastomosis and laparoscopic lavage, have been proposed but remain controversial.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to compare operative strategies for perforated diverticulitis.

DATA SOURCES:
MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and the grey literature were searched from inception to October 2017.

STUDY SELECTION:
We included randomized clinical trials evaluating operative strategies for perforated diverticulitis.

INTERVENTIONS:
Hartmann procedure, primary resection and anastomosis, and laparoscopic lavage were included.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Data were independently extracted by 2 investigators. Risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Pooled risk ratios for major complications, reoperation, and mortality were determined using random-effects models.

RESULTS:
Six trials including 626 patients with perforated diverticulitis were identified. Laparoscopic lavage and sigmoidectomy had comparable rates of early reoperation and postoperative mortality; major complications (Clavien–Dindo >IIIa) were more frequent after laparoscopic lavage (RR = 1.68 (95% CI, 1.10–2.56); 3 trials, 305 patients). Comparing approaches for sigmoidectomy, primary resection and anastomosis had similar rates of major complications (RR = 0.88 (95% CI, 0.49–1.55); 3 trials, 255 patients) and postoperative mortality (RR = 0.58 (95% CI, 0.20–1.70); 3 trials, 254 patients) compared with the Hartmann procedure. However, patients who underwent primary resection and anastomosis were more likely to be stoma free at 12 months compared with the Hartmann procedure (RR = 1.40 (95% CI, 1.18–1.67); 4 trials, 283 patients) and to experience fewer major complications related to the stoma reversal procedure (RR = 0.26 (95% CI, 0.07–0.89); 4 trials, 186 patients).

LIMITATIONS:
There were no limitations to this study.

CONCLUSIONS:
Laparoscopic lavage is associated with increased risk of major complications versus primary resection for Hinchey III diverticulitis. The lower rate of stoma reversal and higher rate of complications after the Hartmann procedure suggest primary resection and anastomosis as the optimal management of perforated diverticulitis.
Factors Associated With Weight Intervention Participation Among People With Serious Mental Illness
Authors: Bennett Lauren L. , Cohen Amy N. , Young Alexander S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractEvidence-based practices effectively reduce weight in people with serious mental illness (SMI), yet participation is limited. Positive relationships between self-efficacy (SE), readiness to change (RtC), and subsequent participation in weight loss interventions have been demonstrated in the general population. The role of SE and RtC in predicting participation in individuals with SMI is explored. A total of 82 participants recruited from a county mental health clinic and a Veterans Affairs mental health clinic were randomly assigned to a weight management intervention or usual care. RtC and SE were assessed at baseline. Intervention participation rates were gathered. SE significantly correlated with intervention participation (p< 0.02). RtC did not predict significantly over and above SE. A linear combination of all measures was significantly related to participation (p< 0.05). To improve weight intervention participation by individuals with SMI, one direction may be to improve weight loss SE.
Obstetric Phenotypes in the Heterogeneity of Schizophrenia
Authors: Mezquida Gisela , Fernandez-Egea Emilio , Treen Devi , Mané Anna , Bergé Daniel , Savulich George , Garcia-Alvarez Leticia , García-Portilla Paz , Bobes Julio , Bernardo Miguel , Garcia-Rizo Clemente 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder with genetic and environmental components. Obstetric complications (OCs) are one of the most common environmental risk factors described. However, despite being different in timing and outcome, OCs are usually described as a homogeneous entity. In the present study, we evaluate the presence of different patterns of OCs evaluated with the Lewis-Murray Scale in chronic schizophrenia patients (n = 101) and their association with a crude marker of the intrauterine environment such as weight at birth.
OCs related with abnormal fetal growth (p < 0.001) and OCs during gestation (p = 0.003) were associated with lower birth weight. However, difficulties in delivery, complications in pregnancy, and OCs all together (as a set) were not associated with weight at birth.
Our results infer that OCs cannot be taken as a homogeneous group. Different patterns of OCs result in different birth weights, which is associated with specific metabolic, cognitive, and brain structure outcomes.