bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolution of environmental forensics: From laboratory to field analysis
Authors: Spikmans Val 
Published: March 2019

Environmental forensics aims to provide investigations into pollution incidents to establish the source of the pollution and any environmental or human health impacts. Casework is strongly reliant on field investigations and subsequent laboratory‐based analysis for confirmation of pollutants present. Current advances in field‐portable instrumentation are shaping the environmental forensics discipline and provide an evolutionary change in the operational capabilities of environmental investigators. The implementation of field‐portable equipment into the environmental investigative framework provides great advances and opportunities, but also needs to be performed with caution to ensure reliable results. Combining the use of field‐portable instrumentation with small mobile forensic laboratories provides for a rapid and flexible emergency response capability that can also be applied to non‐emergency scenarios to aid pollution mapping and tracking, including source determination. The field‐portable equipment can be used in the controlled environment of the mobile laboratory, but can also be used in‐situ where required. Although field‐portable equipment is not likely to replace laboratory‐based analysis methods in the near future, it does provide important intelligence to the field investigator, resulting in a more targeted and detailed investigation of the scene. This allows for a more focussed laboratory‐based investigation and will result in more rapid and appropriate investigations into environmental incidents. Ultimately, this will ensure a better protection of the environment and human health.This article is categorized under:
Forensic Chemistry and Trace Evidence < Forensic Food and Environment Analysis
The role of age on tau PET uptake and gray matter atrophy in atypical Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Whitwell Jennifer L. , Martin Peter , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Machulda Mary M. , Senjem Matthew L. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Weigand Stephen D. , Spychalla Anthony J. , Drubach Daniel A. , Jack Clifford R. , Lowe Val J. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIntroductionLittle is known about the role of age on neurodegeneration and protein deposition in atypical variants of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsRegional tau and β‐amyloid positron emission tomography standard uptake value ratios and gray matter volumes were calculated in a cohort of 42 participants with atypical AD. The relationship between regional metrics and age was modeled using a Bayesian hierarchical linear model.ResultsAge was strongly associated with tau uptake across all cortical regions, particularly parietal, with greater uptake in younger participants. Younger age was associated with smaller parietal and lateral temporal volumes. Regional β‐amyloid differed little by age. Age showed a stronger association with tau than volume and β‐amyloid in all cortical regions. Age was not associated with cognitive performance.DiscussionAge is an important determinant of severity of cortical tau uptake in atypical AD, with young participants more likely to show widespread and severe cortical tau uptake.
COMPONENTS AND MINIMAL NORMAL SUBGROUPS OF FINITE AND PSEUDOFINITE GROUPS
Authors: WILSON JOHN S. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt is proved that there is a formula$\pi \left( {h,x} \right)$in the first-order language of group theory such that each component and each non-abelian minimal normal subgroup of a finite groupGis definable by$\pi \left( {h,x} \right)$for a suitable elementhofG; in other words, each such subgroup has the form$\left\{ {x|x\pi \left( {h,x} \right)} \right\}$for someh. A number of consequences for infinite models of the theory of finite groups are described.
Spectroscopic follow-up of the quadruply lensed quasar WGD2038-4008/GRAL2038-4008
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsiu 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe present independent optical spectroscopic follow-up of WGD2038-4008/GRAL2038-4008, a background quasar strongly lensed by a foreground elliptical galaxy into four images, recently discovered independently by Agnello et al. [2018, MNRAS, 479, 4345] and Krone-Martins et al. [2018, A&amp;A, 616, L11] thanks to the exquisite spatial resolution of Gaia. The quasar images are bright (i ∼ 19 mag), thus enabling us to reach S/N &gt; 20 for the continuum within 30 min of exposure time with the Andalucia Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera spectrograph mounted on the 2.56-m Nordic Optical Telescope. The flexible scheduling and high sensitivity delivered by Andalucia Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera provide timely redshifts and reveal the nature of the quasar images; both are essential for lensing modelling and cosmography. Our analysis shows a strong emission feature in a data gap in Agnello et al. [2018, MNRAS, 479, 4345], which can be attributed to as an interloper emission line feature from the foreground lensing galaxy, or hinting to a higher redshift of the background quasar. We discuss these two scenarios and outline possible tests to verify these scenarios.
American Catholics and “The Use and Abuse of Reading,” 1865–1873
Authors: Bartram Erin 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTIn the wake of the Civil War, Father Isaac Hecker launched several publishing ventures to advance his dream of a Catholic America, but he and his partners soon found themselves embroiled in a debate with other American Catholics, notably his friend and fellow convert Orestes Brownson, over the “use and abuse of reading.” Although the debate was certainly part of a contemporary conversation about the compatibility of Catholicism and American culture, this essay argues that it was equally rooted in a moment of American anxiety over a shifting social order, a moment when antebellum faith in the individual was being tested by the rights claims of women and Americans of color. Tacitly accepting and internalizing historical claims of intrinsic and through-going Catholic “difference,” claims offered both by American Protestants and American Catholics like Brownson, scholars often presume that debates within American Catholicism reflect “Catholic” concerns first and foremost, qualifying their utility as sources of “American” cultural history. By examining American Catholic discussions of reading, individual liberty, social order, and gender in the 1860s and 1870s, this essay argues that Brownson's arguments against the compatibility of American and Catholic life were in fact far more representative of ascendant ideas in American culture than Hecker's hopeful visions of a Catholic American future made manifest through the power of reading. In doing so, it demonstrates the ways that American Catholicism can be a valuable and complex site for studying the broader history of religion and culture in the United States.
“Development of Body, Mind, and Soul:” Paramahansa Yogananda's Marketing of Yoga-Based Religion
Authors: Neumann Dave J. 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACTAs founder of a religious movement emphasizing soteriological goals, Paramahansa Yogananda is at odds with the prevailing scholarly portrayal of yoga as a modern, syncretic bodily practice focused on mindfulness and physical well-being that, even when employing language of transcendence, magic, or the supernatural, typically has this-worldly perfection in mind. Yogananda, thus, offers an important counterpoint to the dominant historiography of yoga. Whereas more recent “global gurus” often remained in India and recruited among diaspora Indians, Yogananda was the first Indian to establish a thriving yoga-based Hinduism among white converts in the United States. He worked to make his message compelling in the often-hostile milieu of a dominant Christian culture. In this article, I consider Southern California's identity as a “spiritual frontier” that offered a uniquely conducive space to launch a Hindu religious movement in a virulently xenophobic era. I explore Yogananda's vision of the “science of religion,” language that reflected not a materialist reduction of yoga to somatic goals, but a precise, systematic meditation method designed to achieve God-contact. Yogananda offered various products in an effort to build brand loyalty for his yoga-based religion. Although he strategically promoted the very real health and energy benefits of his instruction, the heart of his commercial and spiritual enterprise was a yoga correspondence course that promised to train disciples in a devotional relationship with a God he often depicted as a personal Being. I conclude by examining Yogananda's role as the authoritative divine guru who mediated his religious products to devotees and remained present after his death to guide them toward ultimate bliss.
Collaborative Approaches to Team-Based Primary Health Care for Individuals with Dementia in Rural/Remote Settings
Authors: Chow Amanda Froehlich , Morgan Debra , Bayly Melanie , Kosteniuk Julie , Elliot Valerie 
Published: March 2019

RÉSUMÉL’application d’approches d’équipes en soins de santé de première ligne (SPL) pour le diagnostic et le traitement de la démence est considérée comme une pratique exemplaire. Malheureusement, il arrive fréquemment que les personnes vivant dans les régions rurales et éloignées aient peu d’accès à des services de SPL spécialisés pour la démence. Le but de cet examen de la portée était d’identifier et de comprendre les approches d’équipes en SPL pour les soins en milieu rural visant les cas de démence. La stratégie de recherche utilisée a uniquement inclus des articles de revues à comité de lecture publiés entre 1997 et 2017. Quatre bases de données (Embase, Medline PsycInfo et CINAHL) ont été consultées de mars 2017 à mai 2017. Les dix études retenues montraient des degrés de collaboration et des interactions variables dans les équipes de soins. Peu d’informations étaient rapportées sur les stratégies de collaboration de ces équipes. Une adaptation du modèle socioécologique a été utilisée pour catégoriser les facteurs clés influençant les approches collaboratives. Ces résultats rassemblés pourraient être utilisés pour guider la recherche future et l’élaboration d’un modèle de soins de santé de première ligne pour la démence dans les milieux ruraux.
Electronic Government: New Legislation on E-Government in Iceland
Authors: Stefánsson Kristján Andri , Thórarinsson Gunnar Thór 
Published: March 2019

Government Policy on Matters of the Information SocietyWhile information technology has for a long time been utilized in public administration in Iceland, co-ordination and policy formulation only started in the mid-nineties. In 1996, the government made arrangements for a comprehensive policy formulation in this field, when the government formulated a specific policy on matters of the information society and established a provisional developmental project for this purpose under the direction of a special working group under the auspices of the Prime Minister's Office. While the project was to be completed within five years, from 1998 to 2002, it was decided at the beginning of this year to extend it to the end of the year 2003 while an appraisal of its implementation was carried out. Among the goals set in the governmental policy was that legislation, rules and the working methods of the public administration should be reviewed with a view to information technology, for the purpose of stimulating technological progress, and to make information accessible to the public irrespective of residence or economic resources. Furthermore, a special emphasis was put on the utilization of information technology in the dissemination of public information, and that all information systems used by government agencies should be structured so that they would provide information on laws, regulations, rights and obligations, and such matters, via a computer network, and also enable the public to go about their business, monitor the progress of important matters, and be provided with all such services which can be provided in this manner.
Basic Indian Legal Literature for Foreign Legal Professionals**
Authors: Narayan Uma 
Published: March 2019

Among Asian Nations, India has become a major political, cultural and business hub. This situation has contributed to frequent interaction of foreign governments, foreign nationals and businesspersons with India and Indians. In order to make them aware of the Indian Legal System and Literatures - so that they act within scope of the system – I present here a brief article giving an introduction to Indian legal literature and legal sources.Two earlier resources for Indian legal materials include:1. A Bibliography of Indian Law, edited by Charles Henry Alexandrowicz, (Oxford University Press, 1958), and2. Indian Legal Materials: A Bibliographic Guide, by H.C. Jain, (N.M. Tripathi, Bombay, 1970).
The United Nations and other International Organizations: Sources of Information—A Selected List
Authors: Hajnal Peter I. 
Published: March 2019

Peter I. Hajnal, the Government Publications Specialist at the University of Toronto and the author of many reference books and articles relating to the publications of international organizations, has compiled a list of 110 publications he believes to be currently the best, and most useful sources of information produced by international organizations in general and the United Nations and its specialized agencies in particular, as well as books written about such organizations and their publications.This list was originally prepared for the Conference on the United Nations: Law and Legal Research sponsored by and conducted at the Institute for Comparative and International Legal Research, Center for International Legal Studies, St. Mary's University School of Law, San Antonio, Texas. At this important conference, which took place on February 20–22, 1991, a number of specialists discussed different aspects of the United Nations and described the publications, as well as other information activities, of the United Nations and its specialized agencies. Mr. Peter I. Hajnal spoke about United Nations publications. In conjunction with his lecture he distributed to the participants of the conference the excellent list reproduced below. The list is published with the kind permission of its author and Professor Robert L. Summers, Jr., the Director of Training at the Institute for Comparative and International Legal Research, St. Mary's University School of Law.
FLAG: The New Internet Gateway to Foreign Law Holdings in UK National and University Libraries
Authors: Clinch Peter 
Published: March 2019

Where in the UK can I locate the most extensive collection of the current legislation for the Cayman Islands?Which library has a comprehensive set of the World Trade Organisation International Trade Law Reports?Where can I find verbatim debates on bills as they pass through the New Zealand House of Representatives?Where are good collections of international environmental or commercial law?What are the opening hours and access conditions for a visiting researcher wishing to use the official publications collection of a particular major UK university?
Admissibility of Computer-Generated Evidence Under Nigeria's (New) Evidence Act, 2011
Authors: Akinwumi Olayinka Silas , Lawal Kamoru Tiawo 
Published: March 2019

Computers and other electronic information and communication devices represent a new millennium in the age of technology development. The advent of computers brought with it a new form of record keeping in software - microfilms, microchips, diskettes, flash drives - that are not by any means within the former understanding of the word ‘documents.' However, tendering computer-generated evidence is often as contentious and acrimonious as the underlying litigation itself, with the party opposing such evidence usually relying on the hearsay rule, among other forms of objections under the old Evidence Act, to prevent its admission.This article examines the relevance and conceptual analysis of sections of the new Evidence Act, 2011 under which computer-generated evidence can be admissible in evidence as well as the conditions to be fulfilled under each section. The article concludes by suggesting further steps that can create room for other forms of electronic or computer-generated evidence in Nigerian courts.
Adolf Sprudzs
Authors: Rusis Armins 
Published: March 2019

Adolf Sprudzs, Associate Editor of the International Journal of Legal Information (formerly International Journal of Law Libraries), has a few months ago (on September 19, 1982) celebrated his sixtieth birthday.By common consensus of the Editor-in-Chief and the other Associate Editors this issue of the Journal is dedicated to him as a token of gratitude and appreciation for his incessant efforts to improve and enlarge The International Bookshelf of which he has been the dedicated section editor, as well as in recognition of his achievements in the field of national and international law librarianship.
Could a United Nations Code of Conduct Help Curb Atrocities? A Response to Bolarinwa Adediran
Authors: Luck Edward C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn an article titled “Reforming the Security Council through a Code of Conduct: A Sisyphean Task?” (Ethics & International Affairs 32, no. 4, pp. 463–82), Bolarinwa Adediran argues that efforts to establish a code of conduct at the UN Security Council amount to energy misspent—for reasons both of practicability and effectiveness. While it is true that the proposed codes of conduct do not offer any shortcuts or magic answers to the dilemmas surrounding efforts to prevent atrocity crimes and protect populations, I disagree with the assessment that these initiatives will ultimately prove to be “unhelpful.” I examine the initiatives on three levels of analysis: (1) their effect on political and normative movement toward giving increased attention to human security considerations, (2) their effect on Security Council decision-making, and (3) their effect on atrocity prevention and protection on the ground. The proposed codes have both downside risks and upside potential on all three levels, but it is on the first level that my assessment most sharply diverges from that of Adediran.
The Many Evils of Inequality: An Examination of T. M. Scanlon's Pluralist Account
Authors: Schemmel Christian 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWhy Does Inequality Matter? is the long-awaited book-length development of T. M. Scanlon's views on objectionable inequality, and our obligations to eliminate or reduce it. The book presents an impressively nuanced and thoughtful analysis as well as succinct explanations of different objections to various forms of inequality. It is not only set to further cement Scanlon's influence on philosophical debates about equality but also makes a good guide to the problems of inequality for the nonspecialist reader. The book is not without faults, however. Even within a pluralist approach to inequality such as Scanlon's, it is not sufficiently clear what, if anything, his specific objections to status inequality, and to control over other people's lives, have in common with his other egalitarian objections to inequality of political influence, opportunity, and income and wealth—or whether, in the case of control, the objection is egalitarian at all.
Seasonality and trends in incidence of human ehrlichiosis in two Missouri ecoregions
Authors: Andrews K. E. , Eversman K. K. , Foré S. A. , Kim H. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEhrlichiosis is a zoonotic illness caused by Ehrlichia pathogens transmitted by ticks. Case data from 1999 to 2015, provided by the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services (DHSS), were used to compare the seasonality and the change in incidence over time of ehrlichiosis infection in two Missouri ecoregions, Eastern Temperate Forest (ETF) and Great Plains (GP). Although the number of cases has increased over time in both ecoregions, the rate of change was significantly faster in ETF region. There was no significant difference in seasonality of ehrlichiosis between ecoregions. In Missouri, the estimated ehrlichiosis season begins, on average, in mid-March, peaks in June, and concludes in mid-October. Our results show that the exposure and risk season for ehrlichiosis in Missouri is at least 7 months long.
Stress perception following childhood adversity: Unique associations with adversity type and sex
Authors: LoPilato Allison M. , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E. , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Mathalon Daniel H. , McGlashan Thomas H. , Perkins Diana O. , Tsuang Ming T. , Woods Scott W. , Walker Elaine F. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractChildhood adversity is associated with poor mental and physical health outcomes across the life span. Alterations in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis are considered a key mechanism underlying these associations, although findings have been mixed. These inconsistencies suggest that other aspects of stress processing may underlie variations in this these associations, and that differences in adversity type, sex, and age may be relevant. The current study investigated the relationship between childhood adversity, stress perception, and morning cortisol, and examined whether differences in adversity type (generalized vs. threat and deprivation), sex, and age had distinct effects on these associations. Salivary cortisol samples, daily hassle stress ratings, and retrospective measures of childhood adversity were collected from a large sample of youth at risk for serious mental illness including psychoses (n= 605, mean age = 19.3). Results indicated that childhood adversity was associated with increased stress perception, which subsequently predicted higher morning cortisol levels; however, these associations were specific to threat exposures in females. These findings highlight the role of stress perception in stress vulnerability following childhood adversity and highlight potential sex differences in the impact of threat exposures.
The Bologna Process and German Legal Education: Developing Professional Competence through Clinical Experiences
Authors: Bücker Andreas , Woodruff William A. 
Published: March 2019

The Bologna Declaration of 19 June 1999, committed 29 European nations, including Germany, to develop a system of higher educationbased on two main cycles, undergraduate and graduate. Access to the second cycle shall require successful completion of first cycle studies, lasting a minimum of three years. The degree awarded after the first cycle shall also be relevant to the European labour market as an appropriate level of qualification. The second cycle should lead to the master and/or doctorate degree as in many European countries.
Shareholder Protection in the USA and Germany - “Law and Finance” Revisited
Authors: Braendle Udo C 
Published: March 2019

Though Company Laws of the United States and Germany have much in common, they are opposite in many important ways. While the Anglo-Saxon Law derives from Common Law, German Law has its origin in the Civil Law.La Porta et al. are not the only ones highlighting that the quality of shareholder protection varies across different jurisdictions depending on which legal system family the jurisdiction belongs. Pistor and Siems went a step further, highlighting that variations in market systems are explainable by more fundamental factors than law, like differences in the underlying ground rules.