bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ternary Manganese Oxide Composite Electrodes to Harvest Enhanced Capacitive Performances via Successive Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Su Linghao , Ma Chuanli 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA strategy is proposed to harvest enhanced capacitive performances using successive reaction mechanism in ternary manganese oxide composite electrodes. Manganese oxide composite electrodes in KOH aqueous electrolyte with various weight ratio are studied by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge techniques. The results show that weight ratio in composite electrodes exerts great influence on capacitive behavior and that composite electrodes deliver higher specific capacitance than pure oxide ones. In MnO2/Mn2O3 binary oxide electrodes, 1:1 is the optimal weight ratio. For MnO2/Mn2O3/Mn3O4 ternary oxide electrodes, 1:1:2 electrode displays double capacitance of MnO2/Mn2O3 electrode (1:1), benefiting from the successive reactions due to the variable valence of manganese element in the composite electrode.
Reducing Concentration Polarization and Enhancing the Performance of Flexible Nickel‐Zinc Battery Using Polytetrafluoroethylene as Electrode Additive
Authors: Meng Xianyang , Wang Zhiqian , Di Benedetto Giuseppe , Zunino James L. , Mitra Somenath 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe fabrication of flexible nickel‐zinc battery using a facile mixing of electroactive components for electrode preparation is presented. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was found to be an effective binding additive by reducing concentration polarization, providing chemical/physical stability and enhancing flexibility. The zinc electrode containing PTFE maintained its original porous morphology even after hundreds of cycles while polymers such as PEO showed morphology change. Each component, as well as the assembled flexible cells, showed desired flexibility and stability even under bending conditions.
Facile Synthesis of γ‐MnOOH Nanorods via a Redox Precipitation Route Using Oxygen and Their Thermal Conversion
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Sheng , Ding Ya , Lv Li‐Rong , Chen Ya‐Tu , Xu De‐Kang , Wang Shu‐Dong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA green chemistry approach was successfully fabricated in this work to synthesize γ‐MnOOH nanorods under mild conditions, in which oxygen was used as the green oxidizer and no surfactants or templates were involved. Only the oxygen was bubbled through the solutions of divalent manganese in the presence of NaOH. The morpholgy and structure of γ‐MnOOH were dependent on several cruicial factors, i. e. the amount of glacial acetic acid (HAc), the kind of anions, reaction time, and reaction temperature. To gain mechanistic information on the dependence, the γ‐MnOOH nanorods were characterized by TEM, SEM and XRD. Results showed that γ‐MnOOH nanorods were evolved from Mn3O4 by a redox process. Furthermore, the corresponding β‐MnO2, α‐Mn2O3, Mn3O4 were prepared by calcining γ‐MnOOH nanorods under different temperature and atmosphere. Among them, β‐MnO2 nanorods were most efficient for the catalytic decomposition of O3.
The Italian multiple sclerosis register
Authors:   on behalf of the Italian Multiple Sclerosis Register Centers Group, Trojano Maria , Bergamaschi Roberto , Amato Maria Pia , Comi Giancarlo , Ghezzi Angelo , Lepore Vito , Marrosu Maria Giovanna , Mosconi Paola , Patti Francesco , Ponzio Michela , Zaratin Paola , Battaglia Mario Alberto 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The past decade has seen extraordinary increase in worldwide availability of and access to several large multiple sclerosis (MS) databases and registries. MS registries represent powerful tools to provide meaningful information on the burden, natural history, and long-term safety and effectiveness of treatments. Moreover, patients, physicians, industry, and policy makers have an active interest in real-world observational studies based on register data, as they have the potential to answer the questions that are most relevant to daily treatment decision-making. In 2014, the Italian MS Foundation, in collaboration with the Italian MS clinical centers, promoted and funded the creation of the Italian MS Register, a project in continuity with the existing Italian MS Database Network set up from 2001. Main objective of the Italian MS Register is to create an organized multicenter structure to collect data of all MS patients for better defining the disease epidemiology, improving quality of care, and promoting research projects in high-priority areas. The aim of this article is to present the current framework and network of the Italian MS register, including the methodology used to improve the quality of data collection and to facilitate the exchange of data and the collaboration among national and international groups.
Maternal violence experiences and risk of postpartum depression: A meta-analysis of cohort studies
Authors: Zhang Senmao , Wang Lesan , Yang Tubao , Chen Lizhang , Qiu Xing , Wang Tingting , Chen Letao , Zhao Lijuan , Ye Ziwei , Zheng Zan , Qin Jiabi 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackground:Most of original studies indicated maternal violence experiences is associated with adverse obstetric outcomes, to date, but it is not clear that the association of maternal violence experiences and the risk of postpartum depression (PPD). We aimed to assess the association between maternal violence experiences and risk of developing PPD by performing a meta-analysis of cohort studies.Methods:PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Libraries and Chinese databases were searched through December 2017 to identify studies that assessed the association between violence and PPD. Meta-analysis was conducted by the RevMan software and Stata software. Potential heterogeneity source was explored by subgroup analysis and potential publication bias was assessed by Begg's funnel plots and Egger’s linear regression test.Results:Overall, women experiencing any violence events compared with the reference group were at a higher risk of developing PPD (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.72–2.41). Additionally, different types of violence events such as sexual (OR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.35–1.81), emotional (OR = 1.75; 95%CI: 1.61–1.89), and physical violence (OR = 1.90; 95%CI: 1.36–2.67), as well as domestic (OR = 2.05; 95%CI: 1.50–2.80) or childhood violence (OR = 1.59; 95%CI: 1.34–1.88) also increased the risk of developing PPD. Relevant heterogeneity moderators have been identified by subgroup analysis. Sensitivity analysis yielded consistent results.Conclusions:Maternal violence experiences are significantly associated with risk of developing PPD. These finding highlight the necessary to protect women from any types of violence and formulate preventive strategies to promote the maternal mental health.
Pluralism in European Private Law
Authors: MAK Vanessa 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThis article takes stock of legal pluralist thinking in European private law. In which ways have existing theories brought forward our understanding of lawmaking in European private law? Central to that debate are the competing rationalities of EU internal market law, on the one hand, and national, juridical systems of private law on the other hand. An analysis of norms, processes, and actors involved in lawmaking in European private law reveals a field that has matured, but that is now at the threshold of a re-evaluation and potentially a transformation in lawmaking from ordered to strong legal pluralism, with a greater role for private regulation.
Public Health Emergency Preparedness System Evaluation Criteria and Performance Metrics: A Review of Contributions of the CDC-Funded Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Centers
Authors: Qari Shoukat H. , Yusuf Hussain R. , Groseclose Samuel L. , Leinhos Mary R. , Carbone Eric G. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-funded Preparedness and Emergency Response Research Centers (PERRCs) conducted research from 2008 to 2015 aimed to improve the complex public health emergency preparedness and response (PHEPR) system. This paper summarizes PERRC studies that addressed the development and assessment of criteria for evaluating PHEPR and metrics for measuring their efficiency and effectiveness.MethodsWe reviewed 171 PERRC publications indexed in PubMed between 2009 and 2016. These publications derived from 34 PERRC research projects. We identified publications that addressed the development or assessment of criteria and metrics pertaining to PHEPR systems and describe the evaluation methods used and tools developed, the system domains evaluated, and the metrics developed or assessed.ResultsWe identified 29 publications from 12 of the 34 PERRC projects that addressed PHEPR system evaluation criteria and metrics. We grouped each study into 1 of 3 system domains, based on the metrics developed or assessed: (1) organizational characteristics (n = 9), (2) emergency response performance (n = 12), and (3) workforce capacity or capability (n = 8). These studies addressed PHEPR system activities including responses to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and the 2011 tsunami, as well as emergency exercise performance, situational awareness, and workforce willingness to respond. Both PHEPR system process and outcome metrics were developed or assessed by PERRC studies.ConclusionsPERRC researchers developed and evaluated a range of PHEPR system evaluation criteria and metrics that should be considered by system partners interested in assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of their activities. Nonetheless, the monitoring and measurement problem in PHEPR is far from solved. Lack of standard measures that are readily obtained or computed at local levels remains a challenge for the public health preparedness field. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:626-638)
Prevalence and correlates of alcohol use in a central Nepal district: secondary analysis of a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Rathod S. D. , Luitel N. P. , Jordans M. J. D. 
Published: November 2018

Background.As reported from studies conducted in Nepal, between 15% and 57% of adults had ever consumed alcohol and between 1.5% and 25% of adults have alcohol use disorders (AUD). Few studies in Nepal have identified the correlates of consumption or described the help-seeking patterns and stigma among those affected with AUD.Methods.Interviewers administered the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as part of population-based surveys of adults in Chitwan District between 2013 and 2017. We conducted a secondary analysis to identify sociodemographic and health-related correlates of recent alcohol consumption using the χ2 test, to identify correlates of total AUDIT scores among men who drink using negative binomial regression, and to describe the treatment-seeking and stigma beliefs of men with AUD.Results.Over half (53.7%, 95% CI 50.4–57.0) of men (n = 1130) recently consumed alcohol, and there were associations between being a drinker with age, religion, caste, education, occupation and tobacco use. Nearly one in four (23.8%, 95% CI 20.2–27.8%) male drinkers screened positive for AUD, and AUDIT scores were associated with age, caste, marital status, occupation, tobacco use, depression, functional status and suicidal ideation. Few (13.3%, 95% CI 11.7–15.0) women (n = 2352) recently consumed alcohol, and 5.3% (95% CI 3.0–9.1) of female drinkers screened positive for AUD. Among AUDIT-positive men, 38% spoke to another person about their problems and 80% had internalized stigma.Conclusions.This study revealed that nearly one in four men who drink likely have AUD. Higher AUDIT scores were associated with depression, suicidality, dysfunctionality and internalized stigma.
Not all forms of dietary phosphorus are equal: an evaluation of postprandial phosphorus concentrations in the plasma of the cat
Authors: Coltherd Jennifer C. , Staunton Ruth , Colyer Alison , Thomas Gäelle , Gilham Matthew , Logan Darren W. , Butterwick Richard , Watson Phillip 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPhosphorus is present in diets as naturally occurring P from raw materials or added as an inorganic salt. However, little is known about postprandial kinetics of P absorption in cats. Here, we describe several studies quantifying postprandial kinetics following the ingestion of diets of varying composition. Briefly, cats were fed a meal consisting of 50 % of their metabolic energy requirement in a randomised crossover design. A pre-meal baseline blood sample was taken via cephalic catheter and repeated measurements taken regularly up to 6 h post-meal to assess the whole blood ionised Ca, plasma P and parathyroid hormone concentrations. A diet containing 4·8 g total P/4184 kJ (1000 kcal), 3·5 g P from sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4)/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) and Ca:P 0·6 caused a marked increase in plasma P from baseline to a peak of 1·976 (95% CI 1·724, 2·266) mmol/l (P<0·001), whereas a diet containing 3·38 g total P/4184 kJ (1000 kcal), no added inorganic P and Ca:P 1·55 resulted in a postprandial decrease in plasma P (P= 0·008). Subsequent data indicate that added inorganic P salts in the diet above 0·5 g P/4184 kJ (1000 kcal) cause an increase in plasma P in cats, while diets below this do not. The data presented here demonstrate that sources of added inorganic P salts cause a temporary postprandial increase in plasma P in a dose-dependent manner, prolonged in diets with Ca:P <1·0. Dietary P derived from natural food ingredients (e.g. meat or vegetable matter) does not appear to have any effect on postprandial plasma P.
HOBBES'S CHANGING ECCLESIOLOGY
Authors: DAY ANDREW KENNETH 
Published: November 2018

AbstractReaders of Hobbes have sought to account for differences between the arguments of his most influential texts. InDe civeHobbes (tepidly) endorsed apostolic structures of spiritual authority, while inLeviathanhe at last unleashed his vehement anticlericalism. I argue that these disparities do not reflect an identifiable change in Hobbes's ideas or principles over time. Rather, the political context in which Hobbes composed his treatises drastically altered over the course of his writing career, and the Hobbesian theoretical significance of those contextual developments best accounts for some ecclesiological inconsistencies across his oeuvre. There was, throughout the brief and tumultuous period after the regicide during which Hobbes composedLeviathan, no sovereign power in England to whom he should defer, and consequently he acquired certain liberties that subjects in acivitasforgo. Those included the renewal of his right to wage a ‘war of pens’ against High Anglican episcopal power.
Operation Condor on Trial: Justice for Transnational Human Rights Crimes in South America
Authors: Lessa Francesca 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn May 2016, an Argentine federal court concluded a momentous trial, convicting 15 defendants of illegal kidnappings and torture committed against over 100 victims of Operation Condor, and ofasociación ilícita(‘illicit association’: conspiracy to commit a criminal offence) to perpetrate these violations. Operation Condor was the codename given to a continent-wide covert operation devised in the 1970s by South American regimes to eliminate hundreds of left-wing activists across the region. The Operation Condor verdict of 2016 broke new ground in human rights and transitional justice, for its innovative focus on transnational crimes and for holding state agents accountable for extraterritorial human rights violations. By analysing this pioneering case, the article brings the question of cross-border crimes into academic debate. As borders become more porous, scholars and practitioners can no longer afford to side-line the topic of accountability for transnational crimes.
Land Change Modelling to Inform Strategic Decisions on Forest Cover and CO2 Emissions in Eastern Madagascar
Authors: Hewson Jennifer , Razafimanahaka Julie Hanta , Wright Timothy Max , Mandimbiniaina Rina , Mulligan Mark , Jones Julia PG , Van Soesbergen Arnout , Andriamananjara Andry , Tabor Karyn , Rasolohery Andriambolantsoa , Razakamanarivo Herintsitohaina , Razafindrakoto Mieja , Rianahary Andrisoa , Razafimbelo Tantely , Ranaivoson Ntsoa , Harvey Celia A 
Published: November 2018

SummaryDecision-makers need readily accessible tools to understand the potential impacts of alternative policies on forest cover and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to develop effective policies to meet national and international targets for biodiversity conservation, sustainable development and climate change mitigation. Land change modelling can support policy decisions by demonstrating potential impacts of policies on future deforestation and GHG emissions. We modelled land change to explore the potential impacts of expert-informed scenarios on deforestation and GHG emissions, specifically CO2 emissions, in the Ankeniheny–Zahamena Corridor in eastern Madagascar. We considered four scenarios: business as usual; effective conservation of protected areas; investment in infrastructure; and agricultural intensification. Our results highlight that effective forest conservation could deliver substantial emissions reductions, while infrastructure development will likely cause forest loss in new areas. Agricultural intensification could prevent additional forest loss if it reduced the need to clear more land while improving food security. Our study demonstrates how available land change modelling tools and scenario analyses can inform land-use policies, helping countries reconcile economic development with forest conservation and climate change mitigation commitments.
Evolution of incidence and geographical distribution of Chagas disease in Mexico during a decade (2007–2016)
Authors: Ibáñez-Cervantes G. , León-García G. , Castro-Escarpulli G. , Mancilla-Ramírez J. , Victoria-Acosta G. , Cureño-Díaz M.A. , Sosa-Hernández O. , Bello-López J.M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractChagas disease, whose aetiological agent is the protozoanTrypanosoma cruzi, mainly occurs in Latin America. In order to know the epidemiology and the geographical distribution of this disease in Mexico, the present work analyses the national surveillance data (10 years) for Chagas disease issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology (GDE). An ecological analysis of Chagas disease (2007–2016) was performed in the annual reports issued by the GDE in Mexico. The cases and incidence were classified by year, state, age group, gender and seasons. A national distribution map showing Chagas disease incidence was generated. An increase of new cases was identified throughout the country (rates from 0.37 to 0.81 per 100 000 inhabitants). Of the total cases accumulated (7388), the major cases were attributed to the states of Veracruz, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Oaxaca, Morelos and Yucatán. The analysis per age groups and gender revealed that, in most age groups, the incidence was higher in the male population. The most number of cases was identified in spring and summer; a direct relationship between the environmental temperature increase and the number of new cases was identified. The analysis showed that the rate of Chagas disease increased presumably due to state programmes; the search for new cases has expanded and we speculate that the disease is associated with occupational activities. These results summarise and recall how important it is to implement the monitoring of Chagas disease mainly in south states of the Mexican Republic in order to implement strategies to control this disease.
Does rescue in vitro maturation of germinal vesicle stage oocytes impair embryo morphokinetics development?
Authors: Faramarzi Azita , Khalili Mohammad Ali , Ashourzadeh Sareh , Palmerini Maria Grazia 
Published: November 2018

SummaryCurrently, rescue in vitro maturation (IVM) is not a routine method in assisted reproductive treatment (ART) programmes but is a promising procedure for ART to improve IVM. The aim of this study was to compare embryo morphokinetics of germinal vesicles (GV) with metaphase II (MII) oocytes from controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) cycles by time-lapse photography monitoring (TLM). Morphokinetics of the same number of embryos derived from the in vivo (group I) and rescue of in vitro matured oocytes (group II) from 310 patients were analyzed and compared retrospectively. The time to form second PB extrusion (tPB2), time of pronuclei appearance (tPNa), time of pronuclei fading (tPNf) and time of two to eight discrete cells (t2–t8) were assessed. Abnormal cleavage patterns such as uneven blastomeres at the two-cell stage, cell fusion (Fu), trichotomous mitoses (TM), and the rates of embryo arrest were assessed. These data showed that tPB2, tPNa, tPNf, t2, t3 and t4 stages took place later in group II compared with group I (P<0.001, P=0.017, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). The rates of uneven blastomeres, Fu, TM, and embryo arrest were increased significantly in group II compared with group I (P=0.001, P<0.001, P=0.003, P<0.001, respectively). Based on the exact annotation of timing parameters and cleavage patterns, the present data agreed with the concept that rescue IVM of oocytes negatively influences embryo morphokinetics. Therefore, cautious use of embryos derived from rescue IVM of GV oocytes should be made.
Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Desvenlafaxine in Children and Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder: Results from Two Open-Label Extension Trials
Authors: Atkinson Sarah , Thurman Louise , Ramaker Sara , Buckley Gina , Jones Sarah Ruta , England Richard , Wajsbrot Dalia 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTwo similarly designed extension studies evaluated the long-term safety and tolerability of desvenlafaxine for the treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). Efficacy was evaluated as a secondary objective.MethodsBoth 6-month, open-label, flexible-dose extension studies enrolled children and adolescents who had completed one of two double-blind, placebo-controlled, lead-in studies. One lead-in study included a 1-week transition period prior to the extension study. Patients received 26-week treatment with flexible-dose desvenlafaxine (20–50 mg/d). Safety assessments included comprehensive psychiatric evaluations, vital sign assessments, laboratory evaluations, 12-lead electrocardiogram, physical examination with Tanner assessment, and Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Adverse events (AEs) were collected throughout the studies. Efficacy was assessed using the Children’s Depression Rating Scale–Revised (CDRS-R).ResultsA total of 552 patients enrolled (completion rates: 66.4 and 69.1%). AEs were reported by 79.4 and 79.1% of patients in the two studies; 8.9 and 5.2% discontinued due to AEs. Treatment-emergent suicidal ideation or behavior was reported for 16.6 and 14.1% of patients in the two studies. Mean (SD) CDRS-R total score decreased from 33.83 (11.93) and 30.92 (10.20) at the extension study baseline to 24.31 (7.48) and 24.92 (8.45), respectively, at week 26.ConclusionDesvenlafaxine 20 to 50 mg/d was generally safe and well tolerated with no new safety signals identified in children and adolescents with MDD who received up to 6 months of treatment in these studies. Patients maintained the reduction in severity of depressive symptoms observed in all treatment groups at the end of the lead-in study.