bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Instrumente in der Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Gynäkologie
Authors: Wagenhäuser Kirsten , Wagenhäuser Karl-Heinz 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungIm fünften Teil unserer Serie zeigen wir Ihnen einige Instrumente, die in der Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Gynäkologie hauptsächlich zur Anwendung kommen.
Typische fassende und schneidende Instrumente aus der Viszeralchirurgie haben wir bereits im letzten Artikel vorgestellt, diese werden natürlich in allen
chirurgischen Bereichen in den unterschiedlichsten Ausführungen und Größen verwendet.
Die transabdominale, praeperitoneale Leistenhernienreparation
Authors: Köller Katharina , Münich Monika , Fackeldey Volker 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungDie transabdominale, praeperitoneale (Netz-)Plastik ist das in Deutschland am häufigsten genutzte Verfahren zur Reparation einer Leistenhernie. Dieser
minimalinvasive Eingriff liefert hervorragende Ergebnisse und ist bei korrekter Präparation mit sehr wenigen Komplikationen verbunden. Er ermöglicht eine
schnelle Rekonvaleszenz und stellt die uneingeschränkte körperliche Belastbarkeit der Patienten wieder her.
Do Hospitals with a Higher Level of Maternal Care Designation Have Better Maternal Outcomes?
Authors: Srinivas Sindhu , Kozhimannil Katy , Hung Peiyin , Attanasio Laura , Jou Judy , Grobman William 
Published: October 2018

Background A recent document by the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine introduced the concept of uniform levels of maternal care (LMCs).
Objective We assessed LMC across hospitals and measured their association with maternal morbidity, focusing on women with high-risk conditions.
Study Design We collected data from hospitals from May to November 2015 and linked survey responses to Statewide Inpatient Databases (SID) hospital discharge data in a retrospective cross-sectional study of 247,383 births admitted to 236 hospitals. Generalized logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between hospitals' LMC and the risk of severe maternal morbidity. Stratified analyses were conducted among women with high-risk conditions.
Results High-risk pregnancies were more likely to be managed in hospitals with higher LMC (p < 0.001). Women with cardiac conditions had lower odds of maternal morbidity when delivered in level I compared with level IV units (adjusted odds ratio: 0.29; 95% confidence interval: 0.08–0.99; p = 0.049). There were no other significant associations between the LMC and severe maternal morbidity.
Conclusion A higher proportion of high-risk pregnancies were managed within level IV units, although there was no overall evidence that these births had superior outcomes. Further prospective evaluation of LMC designation with patient outcomes is necessary to determine the impact of regionalization on maternal outcomes.
Are Women with a History of Low PAPP-A at Risk for Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in a Subsequent Pregnancy?
Authors: Zafman Kelly , Getrajdman Chloe , Arnold Melanie , Stone Joanne 
Published: October 2018

Objective To determine if patients with a history of low pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) in an initial pregnancy are at higher risk for adverse obstetric outcomes in a subsequent pregnancy.
Study Design This was a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent first trimester screening for PAPP-A in two consecutive pregnancies. Two groups were examined: patients who had low PAPP-A in the first pregnancy followed by normal PAPP-A in the second pregnancy and patients who had recurrent low PAPP-A. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between the groups, with the primary outcome being intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) or preeclampsia.
Results A total of 124 patients were included, representing 248 pregnancies. Ninety-two (74.2%) patients had normal PAPP-A in the second pregnancy, and 32 (12.9%) patients had recurrent low PAPP-A. Patients with recurrent low PAPP-A had a higher rate of IUGR or preeclampsia compared with patients with normal PAPP-A in the second pregnancy but this was not significantly different (12.5 vs. 10.9%, p = 0.51). There were no significant differences for all other outcomes.
Conclusion Among patients with a history of low PAPP-A, patients with normal PAPP-A in the subsequent pregnancy have a similar risk of adverse neonatal outcomes compared with patients with recurrent low PAPP-A.
Conformational entropy of a single peptide controlled under force governs protease recognition and catalysis
Authors: Guerin Marcelo E. , Stirnemann Guillaume , Giganti David 
Published: October 2018

Significance
In the cell, enzymes such as proteases target peptides with specific amino acid sequences. The mechanism of specificity is typically examined by looking at the peptide structure in complex with the enzyme. However, a question remains: How do enzymes recognize a free peptide that can adopt a large number of geometries before the association? Here, we propose a method to control the peptide flexibility by stretching it under force. In our assay, we can follow the substrate elongation and its catalytic cleavage by a single protease. Finally, we designed a computational model to describe all possible geometries of a free peptide that acts as an elastic under force and assessed the impact of peptide flexibility upon the specific recognition.
“And all this is spoken of the naturall byrth …”
Authors: Whitt Richard J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper provides an examination of the use of metadiscourse in the two versions ofThe Birth of Mankind, the first midwifery manual to be printed in English during the sixteenth century. It is a translation of a Latin text, which itself is a translation of the GermanRosengarten. While much has been made of the differences in the use of medical terminology in various versions, little attention has been paid to what differences – if any – exist in the ways the various authors/translators signal text structure or use other overt markers to the reader as to how the text is to be read or understood. Corpus linguistic methods are employed to provide a quantitative angle on the analysis of these texts.
Online conference announcements as spaces for disciplinary communication
Authors: Lorés Sanz Rosa 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The aim of the study is to explore online conference announcements as sites for disciplinary communication and the way they are
realized linguistically. A corpus of 50 conference announcements included in a major listserv in the field of linguistics is
analysed, focusing on rhetorical structure and major interpersonal features, namely self mentions, engagement markers, modal verbs
and the use of passive voice. Results show that linguistic interpersonal markers are deployed in the text according to the various
communicative functions the text has and also the role played by the writer at each stage and, subsequently, the roles ascribed to
readers. Moreover, it is claimed that the wide distribution of conference announcements ensured through electronic platforms
reinforces the strategic role of these texts as vehicles of communication and interaction among disciplinary members.
Flemish Sign Language development
Authors: Wille Beatrijs , Mouvet Kimberley , Vermeerbergen Myriam , Van Herreweghe Mieke 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis case study provides a first exploratory study on the early Flemish Sign Language acquisition of a deaf infant from the perspective of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Theory. It highlights some remarkable aspects of sign language acquisition with respect to interpersonal interaction between the child and its mother. The free play interactions of the Deaf mother and her moderately deaf daughter were recorded when the child was 6, 9, 12, 18 and 24 months old. These interactions were annotated in ELAN and transcribed in view of the analysis adapting Systemic Functional Linguistics. The analysis indicates that the early sign language development of the child chronologically correlates with Halliday’s descriptions of the universal functions of language. The infant’s first lexical signs appeared at 12 months. The child produced one-sign utterances (12 months and older), one-sign utterances along with a pointing sign (18 months and older) and two-sign utterances (24 months). The mother integrated attentional strategies to redirect the child’s attention. She also adopted techniques that are appropriate for child-directed signing, i.e. questions, recasts and expansions.
Gestures in mathematical function talk
Authors: Herbert Sandra 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The mathematical concept of function is an essential underpinning for advanced study in mathematics, such as calculus, and influences success in higher mathematics. Teaching about functions is challenging as many students find it difficult to understand. Effective teaching strategies are reliant on a teacher’s knowledge of the current understandings of their students. The gestures of the twenty-three middle-secondary Australian students (14–15 years old) in this study clarified the meaning of their words as they were interviewed whilst viewing two different computer simulations. Five ways in which students used their hands when providing multiple representations of mathematical functions are presented, which provide insights into students’ thinking about functions not available in their words alone.
The impact of work environment on verbs in Gulf Pidgin Arabic
Authors: Næss Unn Gyda 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, I propose that the Arabic-based migrant pidgin Gulf Pidgin Arabic (GPA) is shaped by the initial work environment of its speakers. My data consist of recordings of conversations with 16 GPA speakers living in Oman and the United Arab Emirates, who have learned the language working either as shopkeepers or as maids in private homes. By looking at the use of verb forms, I find that the maids use significantly more verbs derived from imperatives than the shopkeepers, and argue that this is the result of the social context in which they work. I then compare the speech of the maids to the speakers of Pidgin Madam (PM) in Lebanon, who work in a similar environment, and show that while these two varieties share the preponderance of imperative verbs, the feminine-derived forms which make up most of the verbal inventory of PM are comparatively rare in maids’ GPA. I attribute this to the existence of similar yet distinct foreigner talk norms in the Gulf and in Lebanon, each of them reflecting the composition of the migrant population in their respective regions.
Ecological landscape in narrative thought
Authors: Lucić Luka , Bridges Elizabeth 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study explores how 16 individuals who grew up during the four-year long military siege of the city employ language to make
sense of their everyday experiences in Sarajevo following the conclusion of the Bosnian War. Narrative inquiry is employed in this
work to study sense-making, a psychological process based in language and situated in interaction with extant
social and physical landscapes. During the study, participants wrote responses across the three narrative contexts (1) the prewar,
(2) the acute war, and (3) the postwar. Data analyses examine how participants enact ecological landscape in
narrative construction through varied use of prepositions across the three narrative contexts. Significantly higher use of
prepositions in the acute war narrative context indicates that growing up amidst urban destruction gives rise to thought processes
that draw on spatial and temporal relations in order to make sense of radical environmental changes in the landscape of war.
Evidence and presumptions for analyzing and detecting misunderstandings
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe detection and analysis of misunderstandings are crucial aspects of discourse analysis, and presuppose a twofold investigation of their structure. First, misunderstandings need to be identified and, more importantly, justified. For this reason, a classification of the types and force of evidence of a misunderstanding is needed. Second, misunderstandings reveal differences in the interlocutors’ interpretations of an utterance, which can be examined by considering the presumptions that they use in their interpretation. This paper proposes a functional approach to misunderstandings grounded on presumptive reasoning and types of presumptions, in which incompatible interpretations or interpretative failures are examined as defaults of the underlying interpretative reasoning, caused by overlooked evidence or conflicting presumptions. Moreover, it advances a classification of the types and the probative weights of the evidence that can be used to detect misunderstandings. The proposed methodology and its implications are illustrated through the analysis of doctor–patient communication in diabetes care.
Gender agreement alternation in Aqusha Dargwa
Authors: Ganenkov Dmitry 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe article discusses gender agreement alternation in Aqusha Dargwa (Nakh-Daghestanian, the Caucasus, Russian Federation). The phenomenon is observed in periphrastic verbal forms with transitive verbs where gender agreement on the auxiliary can show the gender features of either the ergative subject or the absolutive direct object. Considering existing analyses of the phenomenon in terms of information structure, I argue that agreement alternation cannot be captured by sentence-topic-oriented accounts. I also discuss a structural proposal developed bySumbatova and Lander (2014)and show that their analysis cannot be maintained in full. Instead, I propose a modified analysis according to which only subject agreement, but not object agreement, results from a cross-clausal referential dependency between the ergative subject of the lexical verb and the absolutive subject of the matrix restructuring verb. On this view, agreement alternation may be assimilated to the familiar distinction between ergative and biabsolutive constructions found elsewhere in Nakh-Daghestanian.
SENSE: Siamese neural network for sequence embedding and alignment-free comparison
Authors: Zheng Wei , Yang Le , Genco Robert J , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Buck Michael , Sun Yijun 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Sequence analysis is arguably a foundation of modern biology. Classic approaches to sequence analysis are based on sequence alignment, which is limited when dealing with large-scale sequence data. A dozen of alignment-free approaches have been developed to provide computationally efficient alternatives to alignment-based approaches. However, existing methods define sequence similarity based on various heuristics and can only provide rough approximations to alignment distances.

Results
In this article, we developed a new approach, referred to as SENSE (SiamEse Neural network for Sequence Embedding), for efficient and accurate alignment-free sequence comparison. The basic idea is to use a deep neural network to learn an explicit embedding function based on a small training dataset to project sequences into an embedding space so that the mean square error between alignment distances and pairwise distances defined in the embedding space is minimized. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to use deep learning for alignment-free sequence analysis. A large-scale experiment was performed that demonstrated that our method significantly outperformed the state-of-the-art alignment-free methods in terms of both efficiency and accuracy.

Availability and implementation
Open-source software for the proposed method is developed and freely available at https://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/∼yijunsun/lab/SENSE.html.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
TissueEnrich: Tissue-specific gene enrichment analysis
Authors: Jain Ashish , Tuteja Geetu 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Summary
RNA-Seq data analysis results in lists of genes that may have a similar function, based on differential gene expression analysis or co-expression network analysis. While tools have been developed to identify biological processes that are enriched in the genes sets, there remains a need for tools that identify enrichment of tissue-specific genes. Therefore, we developed TissueEnrich, a tool that calculates tissue-specific gene enrichment in an input gene set. We demonstrated that TissueEnrich can assign tissue identities to single cell clusters and differentiated embryonic stem cells.

Availability and implementation
The TissueEnrich web application is freely available at http://tissueenrich.gdcb.iastate.edu/. The R package is available through Bioconductor at https://bioconductor.org/packages/TissueEnrich. Both the web application and R package are for non-profit academic use under the MIT license.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Clinical and Virologic Outcomes Following Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy Among Seroconverters in the Microbicide Trials Network-020 Phase III Trial of the Dapivirine Vaginal Ring
Authors: Riddler Sharon A , Balkus Jennifer E , Parikh Urvi M , Mellors John W , Akello Carolyne , Dadabhai Sufia , Mhlanga Felix , Ramjee Gita , Mayo Ashley J , Livant Edward , Heaps Amy L , O’Rourke Colin , Baeten Jared M ,   MTN-015 and MTN-020/ASPIRE Study Teams
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
A vaginal ring containing dapivirine, a non-nucleoside human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), was safe and effective in preventing HIV-1 infection in African women. We examined the impact of dapivirine ring use at the time of HIV-1 acquisition on subsequent HIV-1 disease progression and responses to NNRTI-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART).

Methods
HIV-1 disease progression and virologic failure following initiation of ART were assessed among women who acquired HIV-1 while participating in Microbicide Trials Network–020, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a monthly, dapivirine vaginal ring.

Results
Among the 158 participants who acquired HIV-1 (65 dapivirine, 93 placebo), no differences between dapivirine and placebo participants were observed in CD4+ cell counts or plasma HIV-1 RNA over the first year after infection (prior to ART). During follow-up, 100/158 (63%) participants initiated NNRTI-containing ART (dapivirine: 39/65; placebo: 61/93); the median time to HIV-1 RNA <200 copies/ml was approximately 90 days for both dapivirine and placebo ring recipients (log-rank P = .40). Among the 81 participants with at least 6 months of post-ART follow-up, 19 (24%) experienced virologic failure (dapivirine: 6/32, 19%; placebo: 13/39, 27%; P = .42).

Conclusions
The acquisition of HIV-1 infection during dapivirine or placebo treatment in ASPIRE did not lead to differences in HIV-1 disease progression. After the initiation of NNRTI-containing ART, dapivirine and placebo participants had similar times to virologic suppression and risks of virologic failure. These results provide reassurance that NNRTI-based ART regimens are effective among women who acquired HIV-1 while receiving the dapivirine vaginal ring.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT016170096 and NCT00514098.
Post-stroke memory deficits and barriers to seeking help: views of patients and carers
Authors: Tang Eugene Y H , Price Christopher , Stephan Blossom C M , Robinson Louise , Exley Catherine 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Memory and cognitive deficits post stroke are common and associated with increased risk of future dementia. Rehabilitation tends to focus on physical recovery; however, once in the community, it is unclear what happens in the longer term to the stroke-survivor with new memory difficulties.

Objective
The aim of this qualitative study was to examine in stroke-survivors what factors influence contact with health professionals.

Method
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with stroke-survivors and their family carers where memory difficulties were reported at 6 months post stroke. A topic guide was used which sought to critically examine participants care experience following their stroke diagnosis. All participants were interviewed at baseline (around 6 months post stroke) and offered an interview at around 12 months post stroke. All interviews were conducted in the North East of England. All transcripts were coded and thematically analysed.

Results
Ten stroke-survivors (age range 72–84 years) were interviewed alongside five carers at baseline; eight stroke-survivors and four carers agreed to a follow-up interview. Three main barriers were identified: (i) fear of a dementia diagnosis; (ii) denial or minimization of symptoms leading to adaptation and (iii) obstacles to seeking help in the community.

Conclusions
With an ageing population and increase in stroke-survival, the burden of post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia will only increase. Stroke-survivors and their family carers in this study have identified issues that may hinder their presentation to health care professionals at a personal and organizational level. Health professionals need to be aware of these potential issues when planning services for stroke-survivors.
Subjective Age and Emotion Covariation: Findings From Two Daily Experience Studies
Authors: Shrira Amit , Segel-Karpas Dikla , Bodner Ehud , Palgi Yuval 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis article focuses on an aspect of emotional complexity as seen in the covariation between positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). Lifespan theories predict distinctive patterns of change in emotion covariation with chronological age. Nevertheless, research shows mixed evidence with most studies failing to find a significant connection between chronological age and emotion covariation. We propose to look beyond chronological age and assess the relationship between subjective age and emotion covariation. Subjective age refers to how old one perceives oneself to be, and therefore may be more pertinent to one’s emotional experience than chronological age. We further explored whether the relationship between subjective age and emotion covariation is modified by chronological age.MethodWe used data from 2 daily diary study samples (N = 188, mean age = 57.84, range = 29–100, and N = 334, mean age = 58.15, range = 30–90).ResultsMultilevel models showed that individuals who perceived themselves as older showed stronger inverse PA–NA relationship, reflecting lower emotional complexity. Chronological age (net of subjective age) and emotion covariation were unrelated in both samples. Moreover, in Study 2 there was a 3-way interaction between PA, subjective age and chronological age, suggesting that subjective age is more strongly related to emotion covariation among older adults than among younger adults.DiscussionThe relationship between subjective age and emotion covariation is discussed in light of lifespan theories.