bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sprinting Out of Stuckness: Overcoming Moments of Stuckness to Support the Creativity Flow in Agile Team Settings
Authors: Shah Ashni , Huidobro Pereda Alfonso , Gonçalves Milene 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMultidisciplinary agile teams working in fast paced, delivery-oriented sprint cycles of two weeks can experience moments of stuckness. Typically, these moments can be characterised by the inability to continue, which can be quite detrimental in agile settings, where time is pressured. This paper aims to explore these moments of stuckness, to understand when and why they occur and to understand the different strategies Scrum teams use to overcome them, both on a personal as well as team level. A combination of interviews and observations were conducted with six Scrum team members and two experts to understand their process and experiences while working in an agile set up. We have identified five strategies, which strongly rely on agile values of collaboration, communication, and creativity. These are: looking for expert guidance, open communication, creating spike stories, visual communication and incubation. The findings from this study provide both practice and academia with a deeper understanding into how can creativity be supported in agile settings.
A Survey on the Applications of Machine Learning in the Early Phases of Product Development
Authors: Shabestari Seyed Sina , Herzog Michael , Bender Beate 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMachine learning has shown its potential to support the knowledge extraction within the development processes and particularly in the early phases where critical decisions have to be made. However, the current state of the research in the applications of the machine learning in the product development are fragmented. A holistic overall view provides the opportunity to analyze the current state of research and is the basis for the strategic planning of future research and the actions needed. Hence, implementing the systematic literature survey techniques, the state of the applications of machine learning in the early phases of the product development process namely the Requirements, functional modelling and principal concept design is reviewed and discussed.
Approaches to Automatically Extract Affordances from Patents
Authors: Chiarello Filippo , Cirri Ilenia , Melluso Nicola , Fantoni Gualtiero , Bonaccorsi Andrea , Pavanello Tommaso 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe importance of affordance in Engineering design is well established. Artifacts that are able to activate spontaneous and immediate users’ reactions are considered the outcome of good design practice.A huge effort has been made by researchers for understanding affordances: yet these efforts have been somewhat elusive. In particular, they have been limited to case studies and experimental studies, usually involving a small subset of affordances. No systematic effort has been carried out to list all known affordance effects. This paper offers preliminary steps for such an ambitious effort.We propose a set of three different approaches of Natural Language Processing techniques to be used to extract meaningful affordance information from the full text of patents: 1) a simple word search, 2) a lexicon of affordances and 3) a rule-based system.The results give in-depth measures of how rare affordances in patents are, and a fine grain analysis of the linguistical construction of affordances. Finally, we show an interesting output of our method, that has detected affordances for disabled people, showing the ability of our system to automatically collect design-relevant knowledge.
Approaching Knowledge Dynamics Across the Product Development Process with Methods of Social Research
Authors: Wang Wei Min , Mörike Frauke , Hergesell Jannis , Baur Nina , Feufel Markus , Stark Rainer 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKnowledge is a crucial factor in state-of-the-art product development. It is often provided by stakeholders from divers disciplinary and individual backgrounds and has to be integrated to create competitive products. Still, it is not fully understood, how knowledge is generated, transformed, transferred and integrated in complex product development processes. To investigate the dynamic interrelations between involved stakeholders, applied knowledge types and related artefacts, researchers at the TU Berlin conducted and evaluated a student experiment to study basic phenomena of development projects. In relation to research methods and instruments applied in this experiment, various improvement opportunities were identified. In this paper, the experimental setting and its results are critically analysed from a social science perspective in order to generate improved research design. Based on the results of this analysis, a first set of methods and instruments from social sciences are identified that can be applied in further experiments. The goal is to develop a methodological toolbox that can be used to approach research on knowledge dynamics in product development.
Automatic Identification of Product Usage Contexts from Online Customer Reviews
Authors: Suryadi Dedy , Kim Harrison 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThere are three product design contexts that may significantly affect the design of a product and customer preferences towards product attributes, i.e. customer context, market context, and usage context factors. The conventional methods to gather product usage contexts may be costly and time consuming to conduct. As an alternative, this paper aims to automatically identify product usage contexts from publicly available online customer reviews. The proposed methodology consists of Preprocessing, Word Embedding, and Usage Context Clustering stages. The methodology is applied to identify usage contexts from laptop customer reviews, which results in 16 clusters of usage contexts. Furthermore, analyzing the review sentences explains the separation of “playing games” –which is more related to casual gaming, and “gaming rig” –which implies high computing power requirements. Finally, comparing customer review with manufacturer's product description may reveal a discrepancy to be investigated further by product designer, e.g. a customer suggests a laptop for basic use, although the manufacturer's description describes it for heavy use.
The Construction of Design Science Knowledge Graphs - Based on National Natural Science Foundation of China
Authors: Xu Jiang , Sun Gang , Ou Xifan , Xu Jingyu , Lu Han , Su Pujie , Wei Qiushi , Ding Man 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn the era of knowledge networking, the structure and production mode of knowledge are constantly changing. This article creatively introduces the knowledge mapping method in design research, and based on the perspective of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) to compile literature, uses word frequency analysis, co-word analysis, and citation analysis to construct knowledge graphs of design science. This study graphically shows the distribution and flow law of knowledge within design discipline and probes into the research frontier and evolution trend of Chinese design science.
A Further Exploration of the Three Driven Approaches to Combinational Creativity
Authors: Han Ji , Hua Min , Shi Feng , Childs Peter R. N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCombinational creativity is a significant element of design in supporting designers to generate creative ideas during the early phases of design. There exists three driven approaches to combinational creativity: problem-, similarity- and inspiration-driven. This study provides further insights into the three combinational creativity driven approaches, exploring which approach could lead to ideas that are more creative in the context of practical product design. The results from a case study reveal that the problem- driven approach could lead to more creative and novel ideas or products compared with the similarity- and inspiration-driven approach. Products originating from the similarity- and inspiration-driven approach are at comparable levels. This study provides better understanding of combinational creativity in practical design. It also delivers benefits to designers in improving creative idea generation, and supports design researchers in exploring future ideation methods and design support tools employing the concept of 'combination'.
Conceptual Design of Urban E-Bus Systems with Special Focus on Battery Technology
Authors: Göhlich Dietmar , Fay Tu-Anh , Park Sangyoung 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany cities have announced ambitious plans to introduce zero-emission electric bus systems. The transformation process to electric bus systems opens up a vast design space as different charging strategies, charging technologies and battery types are available. Therefore, a profound assessment strategy is necessary to find a “most suitable system solution” under given strategic and operational requirements.In this study, we present a new methodology for conceptual design of urban electric bus systems. First, the available e-bus technologies are analysed with a special focus on charging systems, battery technology and aging. Relational functional analysis is used to derive a suitable simulation model. Based on the operational requirements, an energetic simulation of the e-bus is carried out, and the required battery capacity is obtained. Subsequently, the design space is reduced by applying a qualitative cost- technology compatibility matrix taking cost and battery aging into account. The applicability of the model is shown for an exemplary realistic operational scenario to identify three most expedient concepts, which are finally validated with an in-depth analysis.
Functional Safety Concept Generation within the Process of Preliminary Design of Automated Driving Functions at the Example of an Unmanned Protective Vehicle
Authors: Graubohm Robert , Stolte Torben , Bagschik Gerrit , Steimle Markus , Maurer Markus 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStructuring the early design phase of automotive systems is an important part of efficient and successful development processes. Today, safety considerations (e.g., the safety life cycle of ISO 26262) significantly affect the course of development. Preliminary designs are expressed in functional system architectures, which are required to form safety concepts. Thus, mapping tasks and work products to a reference process during early design stages is an important part of structuring the system development. This contribution describes the systematic creation and notation of the functional safety concept within the concept phase of development of an unmanned protective vehicle within the research project aFAS. Different stages of preliminary design and dependencies between them are displayed by the work products created and used. The full set of functional safety requirements and an excerpt of the safety argument structure of the SAE level 4 application are presented.
Using Personas in the Design Process. Towards the Development of Green Product Personality for In-Car User Interfaces
Authors: Wehr Franka , Luccarelli Martin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe desire to combine advanced user-friendly interfaces with a product personality communicating environmental friendliness to customers poses new challenges for car interior designers, as little research has been carried out in this field to date. In this paper, the creation of three personas aimed at defining key German car users with pro-environmental behaviour is presented. After collecting ethnographic data of potential drivers through literature review, information about generation and Euro car segment led to the definition of three key user groups. The resulting personas were applied to determine the most important interaction points in car interior. Finally, present design cues of eco-friendly product personality developed in the field of automotive design were explored. Our work presents three strategic directions for the design development of future in-car user interfaces named as a) foster multimodal mobility; b) emphasize the interlinkage economy - sustainable driving; and c) highlight new technological developments. The presented results are meant as an impulse for developers to fit the needs of green customers and drivers when designing user-friendly HMI components.
A Computational Framework for Exploring the Socio-Cognitive Features of Teams and their Influence on Design Outcomes
Authors: Singh Harshika , Cascini Gaetano , Casakin Hernan , Singh Vishal 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe dynamics of design teams play a critical role in product development, mainly in the early phases of the process. This paper presents a conceptual framework of a computational model about how cognitive and social features of a design team affect the quality of the produced design outcomes. The framework is based on various cognitive and social theories grounded in literature. Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) is used as a tool to evaluate the impact of design process organization and team dynamics on the design outcome. The model describes key research parameters, including dependent, independent, and intermediates. The independent parameters include: duration of a session, number of times a session is repeated, design task and team characteristics such as size, structure, old and new members. Intermediates include: features of team members (experience, learning abilities, and importance in the team) and social influence. The dependent parameter is the task outcome, represented by creativity and accuracy. The paper aims at laying the computational foundations for validating the proposed model in the future.
Supporting the Modelling and Managing of Relations in the Design Platform
Authors: André Samuel , Elgh Fredrik 
Published: July 2019

AbstractA common strategy which has in many cases become a necessity in product developing companies is to apply platform thinking to some extent. Engineer-to-order (ETO) companies are firms that need to invest in a significant amount engineering time in each product ordered by customers. These companies have in the past been known to not be fully able to apply platform strategies. An area of concern to product development is the design and manufacture of machine tools aimed for part manufacturing which is a large investment and a critical bottle neck. As a response to these challenges the design platform (DP) concept was developed which is founded on the re-use of company assets. This paper aims to investigate the application of the DP in a company designing and producing unique high-pressure die casting tools for different applications and customers. To enable companies of this character to utilize platform thinking to a higher degree and thus increase the efficiency in product development, a focus is set on modelling and managing relations within the DP. In addition, a PDM system setup is proposed together with an integrated support application for the realisation in industry.
Representing the Value Proposition of Product-Service Systems (PSS) in a Value-Based Perspective
Authors: da Costa Fernandes Sânia , Martins Luiza Diegues , Campese Carina , Rozenfeld Henrique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProduct-service systems (PSS) are being increasingly employed as opportunities to keep innovating. The design of PSS value propositions should focus on the value visualization for stakeholders. However, the PSS representations are still oriented to the customer’ perspective and focus on a process or technological role. This study aims to represent the PSS value proposition in a structured-diagram adapted from the journey map method in combination with the use of the elements of value. A case research was conducted with a high-tech agricultural start-up for representing its value proposition by following a process founded in the practices of journey mapping. Qualitative data analysis was employed to associate the elements of value with the solution, and to verify the consistency of the results. The representation enables the visualization of the stakeholders’ perception regarding the content of the solution as well as the potential value that may be related to it. The experience-centric perspective derived from the journey map associated with the value-related information provides a richer view of the PSS value proposition, which can lead to reflections regarding the solution.
The Concept of ‘Roadmapping Service’: Exploring Customer Perspectives of Roadmapping through the Service Lens
Authors: Oliveira Maicon Gouvea , Routley Michele , Phaal Robert , Mendes Glauco Henrique Sousa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRoadmapping has been addressed as a management approach used to support strategic and innovation planning of organisations over recent decades. This paper introduces a new standpoint for addressing roadmapping through the application of service theories as a way for tackling the demand for the digitalisation of roadmapping. To this end, the concept of roadmapping as a service offer is developed and employed to analyse three customer perspectives of roadmapping: owners and sponsors, team members, and facilitators. Based on a literature review and interviews with roadmapping experts, customer jobs, pains, and gains are described for each of the perspectives. In the end, the paper provides insights for the understanding of the concept of roadmapping service and opens opportunities for further theoretical and empirical developments around this new path. These results are part of a broader research project exploring the digitalisation of roadmapping.
Who are the Stakeholders Mentioned in Cases of Product-Service System (PSS) Design?
Authors: da Costa Fernandes Sânia , Martins Luiza Diegues , Rozenfeld Henrique 
Published: July 2019

AbstractProduct-service systems (PSS) are solutions that integrate product and services in order to fulfill the customers’ needs by means of greater value in use. Multiple stakeholders should be involved in the design process for the development of a successful PSS value proposition. However, it is not clear who could be the potential stakeholders of a PSS. The aims of this study are to consolidate the stakeholders cited in PSS case studies and to reveal the terms used to refer to “stakeholder” in PSS literature. A systematic literature review was carried out, and an inductive content analysis procedure was applied. A total of 28 stakeholders were listed from the selected studies, whose PSS cases were classified as use- oriented or result-oriented services. Multiple terminologies are used to refer to stakeholders. This study contributes for showing the potential stakeholders that can be involved and engaged in the PSS design and operation. Also, it indicates the terms from which they can be addressed in the PSS literature.
Design Against the Plastic Soup - The Effect of Small Product Designs in Sustainable Design Education
Authors: Du Bois Els , Van Gogh Dirk , Veelaert Lore , Van Doorsselaer Karine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPlastics are ubiquitous in our daily life due to their versatile characteristics, however, these excellent characteristics also contributed to the emergence of a gigantic garbage of floating plastics in our ocean, called the plastic soup. Within this research project we investigated the opportunities by design to cope with this wicked problem. The hypothesis is that picking small opportunities in a wicked problem can have a large impact on the related ecosystem. In addition, we also wanted to investigate how design students would deal with the problem to create larger awareness of the designers' impact and responsibility. Although there is no ideal answer to a systemic problem such as the plastic soup, intervening on systems is possible. As the characteristics of a product directly influence the way the entire value chain works, designers have a large responsibility / opportunity to influence the system. An experiment was executed with 69 design students to explore the opportunities. The resulting design concepts were discussed by experts, reasoning towards relationships, needs to elaborate the design practices, and ecodesign education in a circular economy.
Design Contributions to Building Technology: Goals, Interfaces and Responsiveness
Authors: Boess Stella U. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn this paper, I identify issues that arose in a recent pilot project in which designers contributed to the construction field. The project was led by an overall responsible innovation goal for sustainability impact: contribute to global CO2 reduction. The innovation solution being developed to achieve this goal was a sustainable renovation concept intended for upscaling. In this pilot project, it was applied to a social housing block of 12 apartments. The designers sought to help align technical solutions with the residents’ later use of their homes, because the latter is an important factor in achieving a zero-energy outcome. The paper identifies four issues that arose in the collaboration between design and construction and installation professionals. The issues are goal translation, goal dissipation, the contested service interface and the contested responsiveness to residents. I argue that designers can engage and contribute through design intervention and applying care in the collaboration, in order to support the success of responsible innovation.
Design Requirements to Educate and Facilitate Junior Design Professionals to Reflect more Effectively on Critical Situations and Conflicts at Work
Authors: van Onselen Lenny , De Lille Christine , Snelders Dirk 
Published: July 2019

AbstractJunior designers are not trained to cope with critical situations and conflict at work. Most design schools do not educate their design students to prepare them for (potential) conflict. As a result, junior designers often do not have conflict-handling skills to handle critical situations and conflicts. While some tools and methods exist to help them make responsible design choices, these often address value differences underlying (potential) conflict without taking the perspective of the designer, and thus without supporting young designers to start by reflecting on their own intrinsic values.The aim of this study is to find a way to help junior designers to reflect effectively on critical situations, thereby improving their conflict-handling skills. Data was collected through four steps in an action research. Researchers collaborated with an identity programme for junior design professionals. Insights from try-outs and small interventions were transferred into design requirements for an approach to educate and facilitate junior design professionals to reflect more effectively on critical situations.
Eco-Innovation in Biomass Research Projects
Authors: Yannou-Le Bris Gwenola , Treves Viviane , Meynard Jean-Marc , Cerf Marianne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper tackles two questions. Our first question addresses the multi-actor activity that is visibly required for building radical innovations like eco-innovation. Our second question addresses the tricky issue of how to assess contribution to ecological transition when innovation projects are still in the fuzzy early-upstream phase. In this aim four research projects are selected and analyzed in this paper because they share a common scope—the development of new processes or materials tied to the conversion of biomass. Through the analysis of the actors interactions conducted in these projects, of their perimeters, of their sustainability objectives and of their results we show a limit of the eco-innovation capacity of these projects linked to the limits of their crossdisciplinarity.