bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managerial flexibility role on financial investment analysis: a case study of public housing
Authors: Hermawan F , Harsono A C , Suliantoro H 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The limitations of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method for capturing the opportunity value phenomenon in the uncertainty of housing investment analysis cause difficulties in the decision-making process for the investors. Flexibility factor becomes the obstacle for investors in project uncertainty. Real Options Analysis (ROA) is an important factor included in the DCF method because it offers managerial flexibility in the uncertainty of housing investment decision making. Flexibility in ROA is a right and investors do not have an obligation to respond to uncertainty in project investment. In this research, the type of flexibility on ROA used is an option to carry out promotional activities. The research results indicate that promotional activities affect the increase in Net Present Value (NPV) so that the benefits are maximized. Comparison of the results of investment analysis between ROA and DCF methods indicates an added value due to the existence of such flexibility. The investment simulation of ROA method was conducted using Monte Carlo method approach. The role of flexibility from the simulation is obtained by increasing the added value by 5.2%, and optimal promotion occurs in the first two years of investment.
Microbially induce calcite precipitation as bio grouting by bacillus subtilis on its shear strength parameter effects on organic soil (peat) from Siak Regency Riau Province Indonesia
Authors: Syarif F , Hardianto M F , Davino G M 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Contemporarily, the use of bacterial Calcite precipitation (bio grouting) is popular as a ground improvement technique for sandy soil. However, this was not frequently applied to organic or peat variety. Meanwhile, on the island of Sumatra, the province with the largest peat terrain is Riau, expanding an area of ± 4.04 million Ha, which is 56.1% of the total mulch land in the region, where Siak is one of the districts, possessing a fairly large portion. Furthermore, numerous problems ensue due to this structure, especially during the construction of infrastructure. Therefore, this study focused on bacterial Calcite precipitation from Baciluus Subtilis, and its effect on the Shear Strength parameters of organic soil, where a special injection system was prepared for inducing the bacterial solution to the samples, which were tested by UCS tool, in order to ascertain shear strength parameter, after 3 days. Moreover, through this research, it is hoped that the technique adopted improves engineering performance, especially in the areas of increasing shear strength parameters of organic or peat soil. Hence, this procedure is suitable and also assists in reducing challenges in construction of infrastructure within Siak district.
Determining the track condition using soil properties - part 1
Authors: Schuk V , Rapp S , Martin U , Wang B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The track condition in conventional ballast construction is decisively determined by the condition of the sub-ballast and the subgrade. An indicator for the assessment of the track condition is the track modulus, which can be calculated by measuring the rail deflection under load or according to the soil properties. The track modulus describes the ratio between vertical loading and elastic deflection of the sleeper support. This is the first of two papers concerning a theoretical approach to estimate the track modulus of the soil by soil properties. The approach’s advantage is to be completely independent from the superstructure condition. Therefore the components of the superstructure along the track axe must not know for calculating the track modulus. Borings with direct ground exploration results and ground penetrating radar measurements are used to determine the soil condition at the track level. After the allocation of the soil properties to each layer, the cone model is used to calculate this average value of the soil properties. Subsequently, the track modulus of the soil is determined by using the average value of the soil properties. Based on the value of the track modulus of the soil, the track condition can then be determined.
Determining the track condition using soil properties - part 2
Authors: Schuk V , Rapp S , Martin U , Wang B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The track condition in conventional ballast construction is decisively determined by the condition of the sub-ballast and the subgrade. An indicator for the assessment of the track condition is the track modulus, which can be calculated by measuring the rail deflection under load or according to the soil properties. The track modulus describes the ratio between vertical loading and elastic deflection of the sleeper support. This is the second of two papers concerning a theoretical approach, which allows the estimation of the track modulus of the soil for the layer arrangement of stiff on soft soil layers by using a homogeneity parameter. The homogeneity parameter has to be considered, so that the influence of the layer arrangement, the layer depth and the soil properties can be examined. Borings with direct ground exploration results and ground penetrating radar measurements are used to determine the soil condition at the track level. After the allocation of the soil properties to each layer, the cone model is used to calculate the average value of the soil properties. Based on the value of the track modulus of the soil, the track condition can then be determined.
An evaluation of the flood diversion project due to extreme rainfall event in Taipei City
Authors: Wu S , Jang J , Wu T , Lin J , Li B 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Governments in Taiwan attach great importance to flood control and disaster mitigation project. Good simulation and estimation in advance are the key point to prevent damages and losses caused by flood disasters. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of the Drainage and Flood Control System in Wenshan District completed by the Taipei City Government. SWMM (Storm Water Management Model, US Environmental Protection Agency), a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation computer program designed for runoff water quantity and quality of single or continuous events in urban areas, is utilized to perform the simulation and analysis in this study. Based on known basic data of facilities such as pipelines, channels, and water storage system, and by setting data related to typhoons and heavy rains from the past records, the runoff at a certain period in each area and the flow and depth in each pipeline are estimated and simulated. By comparing the simulation results with the results before the construction, we can evaluate the effectiveness on the Drainage and Flood diversion system and predict the possible defects. Accordingly, the engineering plan can be modified promptly before the construction to enhance the effect of flood control and disaster mitigation.
Experimental and numerical investigations on the concrete edge failure of anchor groups of arbitrary configurations
Authors: Bokor B , Sharma A , Hofmann J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Concrete edge failure often governs the failure of anchorages, which are installed close to the concrete edge and are loaded in shear perpendicular towards the edge. The design provisions for concrete edge failure given in the current codes are rather limited in applicability. Only anchorages arranged in a rectangular pattern are allowed. For anchorages without hole clearance, the maximum permissible anchor pattern is with three anchors in a row, and for anchorages with hole clearance, a maximum of only two anchors in a row is allowed. Furthermore, for anchor groups with multiple anchor rows loaded in shear perpendicular to the edge, the failure load may be calculated by assuming the failure crack initiating from the front anchor row (EN1992-4) or by assuming the failure crack initiating from the back anchor row (fib Bulletin 58, ACI 318). No design guidelines exist for non-rectangular anchor configurations. In such cases, the design is based on engineering judgement. In this study, experimental and numerical investigations were performed on anchor groups of triangular and hexagonal configurations to study the concrete edge failure. It was observed that the failure crack always initiates from the back anchor row, even in case of anchor groups, where the first cracking is associated with the first anchor row. The first cracking may have an influence on the displacement behaviour of the group, which might limit the design in SLS. However, this is dependent on the displacement behaviour of individual anchors within the group, edge distance, spacing and hole clearance.
Applications of density functional theory to heavy metal binding to magnetic-cored dendrimer
Authors: Kim H-R , Boukhvalov D W , Park J-W 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Magnetic-cored dendrimer (MD) is a nano-material composed with the magnetite nanoparticle in the core and dendritic branches developed on the surface of the core. Due to the unique structure and magnetic property of the MD, it has been studied for various environmental applications including the adsorption. With a large number of the terminal group, the poly (amidoamine) dendrimer provides many possible binding positions to various kind of contaminants. It has been reported that the heavy metal adsorption shows different affinity depending on heavy metal species in the aqueous phase. In this study, the MD was synthesized and their binding efficiency experimented with four different dissolved heavy metals of Pb (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), and Cr (VI). The maximum adsorption capacity of heavy metal was in the following order: Pb2+ > HCrO4- > Zn2+ > Cu2+. The interaction between the MD and the targeted heavy metal was calculated using the density functional theory (DFT). A pseudo-potential code SIESTA model was used. The calculated enthalpy of each metal indicated an agreement with the experimental result. A specific binding position and energies of different heavy metal species were confirmed through DFT calculations. The calculated enthalpy demonstrates structural and dynamical characteristics between MD and heavy metals. The binding preference of MD to a different kind of heavy metal provides useful information for the environmental applications.
Precast segmental bamboo reinforced concrete beams with bolted connections subjected to flexural loads: an experimental investigation
Authors: Haryanto Y , Hu H-T , Han A L , Wariyatno N G , Sudibyo G H , Hidayat B A , Naqiyah K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Indonesia is one of the wealthiest botanically countries in the world. There are more than 130 species of Bamboo can be found in this country. Bamboo is a natural raw material which is one of the fastest growing plants that has many advantages as a construction material. We conducted an experimental investigation to study the performance of the precast segmental bamboo reinforced concrete beams with bolted connections subjected to flexural loads. Tests were carried out on three specimens with dimensions of 120 mm x 150 mm x 1000 mm, consisting of one control beams (BK), one precast segmental bamboo reinforced concrete beam with four bolted connections (BS4), and one precast segmental bamboo reinforced concrete beam with six bolted connections (BS6). We found that the load carrying capacity of precast segmental bamboo reinforced concrete beams with four bolted connections (BS4) and six bolted connections (BS6) had a decrease of 57.99% and 55.62% respectively compared to control beam (BK). Similarly, the deflection ductility index of the precast segmental bamboo reinforced concrete beams with four bolted connections (BS4) and six bolted connections (BS6) had a decrease of 49.78% and 46.59% respectively compared to control beam (BK). Also, we observed that the crack pattern developed in the control beam indicates a flexural failure mechanism while the crack pattern developed in the precast segmental bamboo reinforced concrete beams indicates a shear failure mechanism. As a conclusion, this study will significantly contribute to the growing development of research on the bolted connection system in bamboo reinforced concrete members, especially in Indonesia.
Optimum and performance of absorber with zero damping
Authors: Arfiadi Y , Frans R 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
This paper considers optimum parameters tuned mass damper (TMD) as a vibration absorber with zero damping. Generally, tuned absorbers with damping have been considered to be applied to the structures. While adjusting damping constant produces additional complexity in real applications, this paper investigates the use of absorber with zero damping. The properties of the absorber to be designed then is reduced to only its spring constant, while the damping is set to zero throughout the design process. To optimize its spring constant, genetic algorithm (GA) with real coding is utilized. With the optimized spring properties obtained from the optimization, the performance of structures is then investigated under several earthquake excitations. The performance of the optimum absorber with zero damping is also compared with the one when arbitrary damping presents in the absorber. The simulation results show that the performance of the absorber with zero damping is smaller compared to the one of absorber with damping. However, the response of absorber with damping tends to decrease when time increases.
Effect of loss in concrete cover during fire on the predicted temperature distribution
Authors: Lakhani H , Hofmann J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a numerical study conducted using in-house code for 2D transient heat-transfer analysis. The code solves the governing differential equations for transient heat-transfer using finite difference scheme and iterative solver. The code takes the information related to loss of concrete cover as an input and update the thermal boundary conditions (moving BCs). The validation of the code against experimental results available in literature has been presented. The paper also presents a parametric study to investigate the effect of corner spalling on predicted reinforcement temperatures for a beam. The parameters investigated includes: depth of lost concrete cover, time at which the cover is lost and fire exposure (ISO-834 and design fire). As expected, higher reinforcement temperatures were observed for higher loss of corner concrete corner cover but the effect of smaller cover loss (28% diagonal cover) was negligible. It was also observed that for longer fire exposures, depth of lost cover is more important than the time at which it is lost. In case of design fire exposure, it was observed that; large cover lost during heating-phase results in a higher temperature, which still occur during the cooling-phase but earlier as compared to the reference case.
Creep behaviour of tension loaded adhesive anchors in non-cracked low strength concrete
Authors: Mahadik V , Hofmann J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Post-installed anchorages or reinforcements using bonding adhesives are invariably used in the present day construction industry. Although, various attempts to develop a generalized theory for design and analyses of adhesive anchorages have been made, the actual anchorage behaviour is still considered to be dependent on the adhesive product in use. The creep behaviour of adhesive anchors were investigated again intensively after several failure were observed. Several research experiments in this regard are performed by different researchers to establish a new procedure of failure accounting the creep effects of adhesive anchors. This work discusses the results of an experimental program undertaken at the University of Stuttgart, for establishing the time-to-failure behaviour under sustained loads for two different adhesive anchor products. The complete test program included reference pull out tests to evaluate the ultimate capacities. Sustained load tests were performed for the load levels corresponding to 85%, 75% 65% and 55% of the ultimate capacity observed in the reference tests. The test program also included sustained loading tests at different temperature conditions like ambient temperature (23°C) and moderately high temperature (43°C). A comparison of the creep behaviour for standard and sub-standard installation condition was also included in the test program to see the effect of a reduced installation cleaning process. In this paper, the results for standard installation with ambient temperature of 23°C are used to demonstrate the sustained load effects in the framework of time-to-failure behaviour. The possibility of arriving at a safe load level which can be sustained throughout the design lifetime of 50 years is discussed using the time-to-failure curves.
Local strengthening of anchorages with post-installed (supplementary) reinforcement
Authors: Vita N , Sharma A , Hofmann J 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The existing anchorages in reinforced concrete structures may need strengthening due to an increase in the applied load during its lifetime. In certain cases, due to limited dimensions of the structural member (e.g. concrete slab or beam), the size of the anchorages that can be used is also limited and the standard design of anchorages may not be enough to provide required load-carrying capacity. In these above-mentioned cases, a method to strengthen the anchorage may be needed. In the present work, it is attempted to develop a method for strengthening of anchorages under tension loads by using post-installed reinforcing bars. Tests were performed on anchorages using bonded anchors (single anchors) without and with different configurations of post-installed reinforcement for strengthening. The main objectives were to investigate the influence of the reinforcement arrangement on the ultimate load capacity and on the load-displacement behavior of the anchorages. The bonded anchors were selected considering the ease of installation and freedom to choose the test parameters. The tests were performed on anchorages away from the edge. The test parameters were determined in a way that in the case of reference tests, concrete breakout was the dominant failure mode. The reinforcement was placed relatively close (with a distance of approx. 0.4·hef) to the anchor. The results clearly show that the post-installed reinforcement can result in a considerable increase in the load and deformation capacity of the anchorage. Depending on the amount and arrangement of the reinforcement, a change in the failure mode from concrete cone breakout to strut-failure could be observed. It was also shown that for the same amount of reinforcement provided, the arrangement of the reinforcement had a considerable influence on the effectiveness of the strengthening. To understand the mechanics better, in certain tests, strain gauges were applied on the reinforcing bars, which showed the interaction between the contribution of concrete and that of reinforcement in resisting the applied loads.
Ecological construction method by the deployable bridge
Authors: Chanthamanivong K , Ario I , Yokotani Y 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Global warming is a result of greenhouse gas emission from various sources, such as industrial manufacturing, transportation, and construction activities. Among these, construction activities further involve the destruction of the natural environment, which should be protected for ecological balance. During construction, the natural environment should be protected by preserving the natural scenery while ensuring safe and rapid construction. To achieve this, the construction structure needs to be designed with the features of light weight, high efficiency, and safety using deployable structures. Deployable structures are superior over general structures because they can be extended in any area within a few hours and have less impact on the natural environment of the construction site, thus providing an alternative choice for environmental protection and conservation. In a deployable structure model, deployment and truss structures are combined using the scissor mechanism concept. However, the structure is required to remain in a stationary condition. Therefore, this study investigates the equilibrium theory of the scissor structure and presents the methodology of a new bridge construction method.
Seismic vulnerability assessment of bridges using analytical hierarchy process
Authors: Djemai M C , Bensaibi M , Zellat K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Bridges play an important role in transportation network. After an earthquake, bridges must remain functional. To reach this goal, vulnerability study must be conducted. The aim of this study is to develop a vulnerability index method for bridges. The most important parameters influencing the seismic behaviour of bridges are identified, and a seismic vulnerability assessment model is developed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to quantify the contribution of each parameter. Using the developed model, several bridges are treated and the obtained results show a good adequacy with in situ observations.
Effectiveness of using pozzolanic material for concrete canal blocks in tropical peatland
Authors: Olivia M , Sitompul I R , Saputra E , Sutikno S , Yamamoto K 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The canal blocking system is commonly applied in to control water table in peatland recovery during prolonged dry weather in tropical peatland. The canal blocking is an effective strategy in preventing peat fire in many areas in Riau Province. Various local material such as earth, timber, sand, stone, rock, and concrete have been used in canal blocks. The concrete canal blocks are usually built at the river downstream and need to be stronger, durable and stable than other materials. Tropical peatland is a highly organic and highly acidic environment that could damage and reduce concrete structures service life in the long term. In this research, strength properties and porosity were evaluated to indicate the effectiveness of using pozzolanic material to increase resistance to the acid attack in concrete canal blocks. The concrete was produced by incorporating 10% Palm Oil Fuel Ash (OPC POFA) as a pozzolanic material from biomass to replace the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) cement content. The locally available commercial Portland Composite Cement (PCC) that contains pozzolanic material was also studied. The OPC concrete was used as a control mix with a target strength of 35 MPa. Specimens were cast and cured for 28 days in a laboratory water pond before subsequently placed in peat water canal nearby Rimbo Panjang Regency in Riau Province. The reduction rate in compressive strength, tensile strength, Young’s Modulus of Elasticity, and porosity of concrete at 28, 91, 120 and 150 days were determined. Results show that the inclusion of pozzolanic material in concrete has increased the compressive strength, tensile strength, Young’s Modulus of Elasticity and reduced the porosity. PCC and OPC POFA had better performance than the OPC concrete after immersed in the canal up to 150 days. Hence, it can be concluded that the pozzolanic material is effective in improving properties and acid resistance of concrete canal blocks in tropical peatland.