bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of early life exposure to Plasmodium falciparum on the development of naturally acquired immunity to malaria in young Malawian children
Authors: Barua Priyanka , Beeson James G. , Maleta Kenneth , Ashorn Per , Rogerson Stephen J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAntibodies targeting malaria blood-stage antigens are important targets of naturally acquired immunity, and may act as valuable biomarkers of malaria exposure.MethodsSix-hundred and one young Malawian children from a randomized trial of prenatal nutrient supplementation with iron and folic acid or pre- and postnatal multiple micronutrients or lipid-based nutrient supplements were followed up weekly at home and febrile episodes were investigated for malaria from birth to 18 months of age. Antibodies were measured for 601 children against merozoite surface proteins (MSP1 19kD, MSP2), erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (EBA175), reticulocyte binding protein homologue 2 (Rh2A9), schizont extract and variant surface antigens expressed byPlasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes (IE) at 18 months of age. The antibody measurement data was related to concurrent malaria infection and to documented episodes of clinical malaria.ResultsAt 18 months of age, antibodies were significantly higher among parasitaemic than aparasitaemic children. Antibody levels against MSP1 19kD, MSP2, schizont extract, and IE variant surface antigens were significantly higher in children who had documented episodes of malaria than in children who did not. Antibody levels did not differ between children with single or multiple malaria episodes before 18 months, nor between children who had malaria before 6 months of age or between 6 and 18 months.ConclusionsAntibodies to merozoite and IE surface antigens increased following infection in early childhood, but neither age at first infection nor number of malaria episodes substantially affected antibody acquisition. These findings have implications for malaria surveillance during early childhood in the context of elimination.Trials registrationClinical Trials Registration: NCT01239693 (Date of registration: 11-10-2010). URL:http://www.ilins.org
Reciprocal regulation of integrin β4 and KLF4 promotes gliomagenesis through maintaining cancer stem cell traits
Authors: Ma Binbin , Zhang Li , Zou Yujie , He Ruiping , Wu Qiong , Han Chuanchun , Zhang Bo 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Background
The dismal prognosis of patients with glioma is largely attributed to cancer stem cells that display pivotal roles in tumour initiation, progression, metastasis, resistance to therapy, and relapse. Therefore, understanding how these populations of cells maintain their stem-like properties is critical in developing effective glioma therapeutics.

Methods
RNA sequencing analysis was used to identify genes potentially involved in regulating glioma stem cells (GSCs). Integrin β4 (ITGB4) expression was validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The role of ITGB4 was investigated by flow cytometry, mammosphere formation, transwell, colony formation, and in vivo tumorigenesis assays. The reciprocal regulation between Integrin β4 and KLF4 was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), dual-luciferase reporter assay, immunoprecipitation, and in vivo ubiquitylation assays.

Results
In this study, we found that ITGB4 expression was increased in GSCs and human glioma tissues. Upregulation of ITGB4 was correlated with glioma grades. Inhibition of ITGB4 in glioma cells decreased the self-renewal abilities of GSCs and suppressed the malignant behaviours of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanistic studies revealed that KLF4, an important transcription factor, directly binds to the promoter of ITGB4, facilitating its transcription and contributing to increased ITGB4 expression in glioma. Interestingly, this increased expression enabled ITGB4 to bind KLF4, thus attenuating its interaction with its E3 ligase, the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein, which subsequently decreases KLF4 ubiquitination and leads to its accumulation.

Conclusions
Collectively, our data indicate the existence of a positive feedback loop between KLF4 and ITGB4 that promotes GSC self-renewal and gliomagenesis, suggesting that ITGB4 may be a valuable therapeutic target for glioma.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Research on image correction method of network education assignment based on wavelet transform
Authors: Hu Weiwei 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe network assignment image not only has a sharpness problem in the system audit but also the image angle deviates from the normal angle. Based on this, this study is based on image processing technology, using wavelet transform as the basic algorithm to process the image images collected by the network education system. At the same time, this study extracts the image content by wavelet transform in image edge recognition and enhances the image to enhance the image clarity. For the problem of image tilt, this study proposes a method of detecting the edge of the image with wavelet transform and then performing image tilt correction with Hough transform. In addition, this study compared the performance of the image correction method of this research and the traditional image method through experimental verification. Through comparative analysis, we can know that the performance of this research algorithm is better, and it can provide theoretical reference for subsequent related research.
Competence of final year otolaryngology residents with the bedside head impulse test
Authors: Lelli D A , Tse D , Vaccani J P 
Published: January 2019

Background The bedside head impulse test (bHIT) is a clinical method of assessing the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). It is a critical component of the bedside assessment of dizzy patients, and can help differentiate acute stroke from vestibular neuritis. However, there is evidence showing the bHIT is often not performed in appropriate clinical settings or is performed poorly. To date, there have been no studies evaluating the bHIT competence of graduating physicians. Methods 23 final year Otolaryngology –Head &Neck Surgery (OTL-HNS) residents in Canada were evaluated on the use of bHIT using a written multiple-choice examination, interpretation of bHIT videos, and performance of a bHIT. Ratings of subject bHIT performance were completed by two expert examiners (DT, DL) using the previously published Ottawa Clinic Assessment Tool (OCAT). Results Using a cut-off of an OCAT score of 4 or greater, only 22% (rater DT) and 39% (rater DL) of residents were found able to perform the bHIT independently. Inter-rater reliability was fair (0.51, interclass correlation). The mean scores were 65% (14.1% standard deviation) on the video interpretation and 71% (20.2% standard deviation) on the multiple-choice questions. The scores on multiple choice examination did not correlate with bHIT ratings (Pearson r = 0.07) but there was fair correlation between video interpretation and bHIT ratings (Pearson r = 0.45). Conclusion Final year OTL-HNS residents in Canada are not adequately trained in performing the bHIT, though low interrater reliability may limit the evaluation of this bedside skill. Multiple choice examinations do not reflect bHIT skill. These findings have implications for development of competency-based curricula and evaluations in Canada in critical physical exam skills.
From Military Supplies to Wartime Commodities
Authors: Kim Jeong Min 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
This article examines the global and social processes that turned subsidized US war supplies into South Korean black market commodities during the Korean War. The widespread circulation of army supplies to the local black market has been often considered a natural result of the scarcity in the occupied country. Counter to this conventional account, I show how sexual transactions between Korean women and American GIs served as a crucial medium in the circulation process. I conceptualize army supplies as a quasi currency whose exchange value was realized on the black market through the commodification of women’s bodies and sexuality. This article situates the black market in wartime Korea at the intersection of close encounters between local women and American GIs, the political economy of sexuality, and a global history of war, base, and empire.
Linear ubiquitination at a glance
Authors: Spit Maureen , Rieser Eva , Walczak Henning 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Ubiquitination (also known as ubiquitylation) is a post-translational modification that creates versatility in cell signalling and regulates a multitude of cellular processes. Its versatility lies in the capacity to form eight different inter-ubiquitin linkages through the seven lysine residues of ubiquitin and through its N-terminal methionine (M1). The latter, referred to as linear or M1 linkage, is created by the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex (LUBAC), the only E3 ligase known to date that is capable of forming linear ubiquitin chains de novo. Linear ubiquitin chains are crucial modulators of innate and adaptive immune responses, and act by regulating inflammatory and cell death signalling. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster, we review the current knowledge on the role of LUBAC and linear ubiquitination in immune signalling and human physiology. We specifically focus on the role for LUBAC in signalling that is induced by the cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and its role in inflammation, gene activation and cell death. Furthermore, we highlight the roles of deubiquitinases (DUBs) that cleave M1 linkages and add an additional layer in the control of LUBAC-mediated immune signalling.
Force-history dependence and cyclic mechanical reinforcement of actin filaments at the single molecular level
Authors: Lee Hyunjung , Eskin Suzanne G. , Ono Shoichiro , Zhu Cheng , McIntire Larry V. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
The actin cytoskeleton is subjected to dynamic mechanical forces over time and the history of force loading may serve as mechanical preconditioning. While the actin cytoskeleton is known to be mechanosensitive, the mechanisms underlying force regulation of actin dynamics still need to be elucidated. Here, we investigated actin depolymerization under a range of dynamic tensile forces using atomic force microscopy. Mechanical loading by cyclic tensile forces induced significantly enhanced bond lifetimes and different force-loading histories resulted in different dissociation kinetics in G-actin–G-actin and G-actin–F-actin interactions. Actin subunits at the two ends of filaments formed bonds with distinct kinetics under dynamic force, with cyclic mechanical reinforcement more effective at the pointed end compared to that at the barbed end. Our data demonstrate force-history dependent reinforcement in actin–actin bonds and polarity of the actin depolymerization kinetics under cyclic tensile forces. These properties of actin may be important clues to understanding regulatory mechanisms underlying actin-dependent mechanotransduction and mechanosensitive cytoskeletal dynamics.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
A global analysis of IFT-A function reveals specialization for transport of membrane-associated proteins into cilia
Authors: Picariello Tyler , Brown Jason M. , Hou Yuqing , Swank Gregory , Cochran Deborah A. , King Oliver D. , Lechtreck Karl , Pazour Gregory J. , Witman George B. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Intraflagellar transport (IFT), which is essential for the formation and function of cilia in most organisms, is the trafficking of IFT trains (i.e. assemblies of IFT particles) that carry cargo within the cilium. Defects in IFT cause several human diseases. IFT trains contain the complexes IFT-A and IFT-B. To dissect the functions of these complexes, we studied a Chlamydomonas mutant that is null for the IFT-A protein IFT140. The mutation had no effect on IFT-B but destabilized IFT-A, preventing flagella assembly. Therefore, IFT-A assembly requires IFT140. Truncated IFT140, which lacks the N-terminal WD repeats of the protein, partially rescued IFT and supported formation of half-length flagella that contained normal levels of IFT-B but greatly reduced amounts of IFT-A. The axonemes of these flagella had normal ultrastructure and, as investigated by SDS-PAGE, normal composition. However, composition of the flagellar ‘membrane+matrix’ was abnormal. Analysis of the latter fraction by mass spectrometry revealed decreases in small GTPases, lipid-anchored proteins and cell signaling proteins. Thus, IFT-A is specialized for the import of membrane-associated proteins. Abnormal levels of the latter are likely to account for the multiple phenotypes of patients with defects in IFT140.
This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Constitutive IP3R1-mediated Ca2+ release reduces Ca2+ store content and stimulates mitochondrial metabolism in mouse GV oocytes
Authors: Wakai Takuya , Fissore Rafael A. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
In mammals, fertilization initiates Ca2+ oscillations in metaphase II oocytes, which are required for the activation of embryo development. Germinal vesicle (GV) oocytes also display Ca2+ oscillations, although these unfold spontaneously in the absence of any known agonist(s) and their function remains unclear. We found that the main intracellular store of Ca2+ in GV oocytes, the endoplasmic reticulum ([Ca2+]ER), constitutively ‘leaks’ Ca2+ through the type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor. The [Ca2+]ER leak ceases around the resumption of meiosis, the GV breakdown (GVBD) stage, which coincides with the first noticeable accumulation of Ca2+ in the stores. It also concurs with downregulation of the Ca2+ influx and termination of the oscillations, which seemed underpinned by the inactivation of the putative plasma membrane Ca2+ channels. Lastly, we demonstrate that mitochondria take up Ca2+ during the Ca2+ oscillations, mounting their own oscillations that stimulate the mitochondrial redox state and increase the ATP levels of GV oocytes. These distinct features of Ca2+ homeostasis in GV oocytes are likely to underpin the acquisition of both maturation and developmental competence, as well as fulfill stage-specific cellular functions during oocyte maturation.
The integral function of the endocytic recycling compartment is regulated by RFFL-mediated ubiquitylation of Rab11 effectors
Authors: Sakai Ryohei , Fukuda Ryosuke , Unida Shin , Aki Misaki , Ono Yuji , Endo Akinori , Kusumi Satoshi , Koga Daisuke , Fukushima Toshiaki , Komada Masayuki , Okiyoneda Tsukasa 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT
Endocytic trafficking is regulated by ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) of cargoes and endocytic machineries. The role of ubiquitylation in lysosomal delivery has been well documented, but its role in the recycling pathway is largely unknown. Here, we report that the ubiquitin (Ub) ligase RFFL regulates ubiquitylation of endocytic recycling regulators. An RFFL dominant-negative (DN) mutant induced clustering of endocytic recycling compartments (ERCs) and delayed endocytic cargo recycling without affecting lysosomal traffic. A BioID RFFL interactome analysis revealed that RFFL interacts with the Rab11 effectors EHD1, MICALL1 and class I Rab11-FIPs. The RFFL DN mutant strongly captured these Rab11 effectors and inhibited their ubiquitylation. The prolonged interaction of RFFL with Rab11 effectors was sufficient to induce the clustered ERC phenotype and to delay cargo recycling. RFFL directly ubiquitylates these Rab11 effectors in vitro, but RFFL knockout (KO) only reduced the ubiquitylation of Rab11-FIP1. RFFL KO had a minimal effect on the ubiquitylation of EHD1, MICALL1, and Rab11-FIP2, and failed to delay transferrin recycling. These results suggest that multiple Ub ligases including RFFL regulate the ubiquitylation of Rab11 effectors, determining the integral function of the ERC.
Die verlängerte Sekundärprophylaxe nach venöser Thrombose
Authors: Bauersachs R. , Schimmelpfennig J. 
Published: January 2019

ZusammenfassungDie medikamentöse Therapie thromboembolischer Erkrankungen gilt als standardisiert und effektiv in den meisten Fällen. Dass nach dem Absetzen der Antikoagulation Rezidive auftreten, ist seit Jahren bekannt und zwar sowohl nach TVT, nach LE und auch nach OVT. Erst seit kurzem hat man sich mit diesem speziellen Patientenklientel, dessen Anamnese und den möglichen auslösenden Risikofaktoren detaillierter beschäftigt. Es wurde notwendig, eine exaktere Differenzierung der Risikofaktoren zu formulieren und in Bezug darauf, die Art und Weise und die Dauer der medikamentösen Sekundärprophylaxe zu spezifizieren. Hierbei sind neben VKA auch die Neuzulassungen von NOAK`s für diese Indikation hilfreich. ASS hat in dieser Beziehung keinen Stellenwert mehr. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde ein „Ampel-System” entwickelt, welches den behandelnden Ärzten bei der Abschätzung des individuellen Rezidivrisikos hilfreich sein soll.
Linguagem, Funções Executivas e Técnicas de Mapeamento Cerebral nos Primeiros Anos de Vida: Uma Revisão
Authors: Oliveira Maria Clara Veloso de , Pessôa Luciana Fontes , Alves Heloisa Veiga Dias 
Published: January 2019

Atualmente, diversas técnicas estão disponíveis para o estudo do ser humano e seu funcionamento. No que diz respeito ao funcionamento cerebral, técnicas de mapeamento cerebral como a eletroencefalografia (EEG), entre outras, nos oferecem insights importantes acerca das habilidades cognitivas, a forma na qual estas se manifestam a nível orgânico, não somente comportamental, e ainda como estas se desenvolvem ao longo da vida do indivíduo. Duas habilidades, amplamente estudadas em indivíduos adultos, mas ainda pouco exploradas na faixa etária mais jovem e, principalmente, em crianças, nos seus primeiros estágios do desenvolvimento, compreendem a linguagem e as funções executivas através das técnicas de mapeamento cerebral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão bibliográfica referente aos estudos que investigam os estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento destas funções, utilizando-se também do recurso da eletroencefalografia, apontando os benefícios dessas investigações para a área do desenvolvimento infantil. Apesar de ser um tema relevante para a Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, não foram identificados trabalhos, na literatura científica nacional, correlacionando estes três aspectos. Sugere-se a realização e publicação de estudos nacionais visando à adaptação e validação de instrumentos direcionados às etapas iniciais do desenvolvimento no ciclo vital.
Bioactivity-guided isolation of alkamides from a cytotoxic fraction of the ethyl acetate extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) DC. roots.
Authors: Hamimed Souad , Boulebda Nadji , Laouer Hocine , Belkhiri Abdelmalik 
Published: January 2019

Abstract

Introduction. The alcohol extract of Pellitory (Anacyclus pyrethrum) roots has been previously shown to exert anticancer activities on the Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line (HCT) by targeting apoptosis, metastasis and cell cycle arrest. However, the nature of the cytotoxic molecules associated with this activity remains unexplored.

Aims. This study aims to reinvestigate Pellitory root extract as regard to its cytotoxic activity and to proceed to a bioguided fractionation to explore its active fraction and to give new insight in their phytochemical constituents.

Methods. Powdered roots were subjected to repeated extraction with Petroleum ether (Pe), Chloroform (Ch), Ethyl acetate (Ea) and Methanol (Me). Pellitory extracts were then screened for cytotoxic activity using the Brine Shrimp Lethality (BSL) bioassay.

Results. Ea extract exhibited a marked cytotoxic activity, with LC50 of 249.26 μg/mL in the BSL bioassay. The remaining extracts (Pe,Ch,Me) treated groups exhibited no or low mortality in the range of tested concentrations (1-1000 µg/mL). BSL assay-guided chromatographic fractionation of Ea active Extract revealed a highly cytotoxic fraction (F11) with LC50 of 42.5 µg/mL. Multistep purifications of the active F11 fraction afforded four alkamides, namely N-isobutyldeca-2,4-dienamide or Pellitorine (I), N-propyldodeca- -2,8-dienamide (II), N-isobutyltetradeca-2,4-dienamide (III) and N-propylnona-2,5- -dienamide (IV).

Conclusions. This study suggests that cytotoxic activity is localized mainly in the ethyl acetate extract (Ea) of pellitory roots. BSL assay fractionation of this active extract leads to the isolation of four alkamides, including pellitorine (I). While this isobutyl alkamide has previously shown strong cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines, the other compounds (II to IV) were not previously reported as cytotoxic. Subsequently, the isolated alkamides will be considered in future study as candidates for in depth in-vitro evaluation of their cytotoxicity against cancer and normal cell lines. Finally, through this study, BSL assay demonstrate again its usefulness as bench-top assay in exploring plant extracts for cytotoxic compounds.
Phenolic compounds of herbal infusions obtained from some species of theLamiaceaefamily
Authors: Shanaida Mariia , Golembiovska Olena , Hudz Nataliia , Wieczorek Piotr P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe present investigation was to estimate the total phenolic content and composition of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids in herbal infusions obtained from aerial parts of threeLamiaceaespecies (Dracocephalum moldavica, Ocimum americanumandSatureja hortensis). The total phenolic content of herbal infusions was determined using a spectrophotometric method, whereas the individual phenolics were assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC method was developed and validated. The total phenolic content was measured by applying the Folin-Ciocalteu method with reference to gallic acid. Results were in the range from 29.39 to 65.38 mg estimated as gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry herb. The phenolic profile was, in turn, analysed by HPLC and consisted of gallic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, and rosmarinic) and flavonoids (rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin, quercetin, apigenin, apigenin-7-glucoside and catechin) in different concentrations. Rosmarinic acid was the predominant component among the hydroxycinnamic acids in herbal infusions of all three plants. This was found to be in the range of 3.64 to 5.28 mg per gram of dry herb. Apigenin-7-glucoside, quercitrin and hyperoside were the prevailing flavonoid components of the infusions.
Pathological lesions in the oral cavity in the course of connective tissue diseases
Authors: Bednarek-Hatlinska Daria , Prymas Anna , Mrall-Wechta Marta , Surdacka Anna 
Published: January 2019

Abstract
Dentistry, is one of the intensively and rapidly growing branches of medicine. This prompts dentists to take an interdisciplinary approach to their patients. Thus, the dentist, being a general practitioner, can make significant contributions to the early diagnosis of systemic disease and the faster implementation of appropriate treatment. In view of the aforementioned, we undertook research on the relationship of pathological changes observed in the oral cavity with diseases of the connective tissue system. Collagenosis is a chronic autoimmune disease initiated by many factors, among which the genetic factor and viral infections are mentioned. The changes observed in the oral cavity may be a picture of the disease, a complication of the disease or a side effect of the treatment. The aim of the study is, thus, too present the pathological changes in the oral cavity which often accompany collagenosis, and to discuss the risk factors of connective tissue system diseases and methods of dental treatment.