bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wheat grain protein accumulation and polymerization mechanisms driven by nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Yu Zitong , Islam Shahidul , She Maoyun , Diepeveen Dean , Zhang Yujuan , Tang Guixiang , Zhang Jingjuan , Juhasz Angela , Yang Rongchang , Ma Wujun 
Published: September 2018

Summary
In wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain yield and grain protein content are negatively correlated, making the simultaneous increase of the two traits challenging. Apart from genetic approaches, modification of nitrogen fertilization offers a feasible option to achieve this aim. In this study, a range of traits related to nitrogen‐use efficiency in six Australian bread wheat varieties were investigated under different nitrogen treatments using 3‐year multisite field trials. Changes in the individual storage protein composition were detected by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Our results indicated that wheat grain yield and grain protein content reacted similarly to nitrogen availability, with grain yield being slightly more sensitive than grain protein content, and that genotype is a vital determinant of grain protein yield. Measurement of the glutamine synthetase activity of flag leaves and developing grains revealed that high nitrogen availability prompted the participation of glutamine in biological processes. In addition, a more significant accumulation of gluten macropolymer was observed under the high‐nitrogen treatment from 21 days post‐anthesis, and the underlying mechanism was elucidated by a comparative proteomics study. A yeast two‐hybrid experiment confirmed this mechanism. The results of this study revealed that peptidyl‐prolyl cis–trans isomerase (PPIase) was SUMOylated with the assistance of small ubiquitin‐related modifier 1 and that high nitrogen availability facilitated this connection for the subsequent protein polymerization. Additionally, luminal‐binding protein 2 in the endoplasmic reticulum played a similar role to PPIase in the aggregation of protein under high‐nitrogen conditions.
Measuring animal exposure in Canada: Foodbook study, 2014–2015
Authors: Raschkowan Alyson , Thomas M. Kate , Tataryn Joanne , Finley Rita , Pintar Katarina , Nesbitt Andrea 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAnimal companionship can have many physical and psychological benefits; however, animals can also be a source of zoonotic infection, including enteric illnesses; it has been estimated that in Canada, nearly 85,000 enteric illnesses due to eight pathogens occur each year related to animal contact. There is a lack of baseline data on animal‐related exposures in Canada and around the world. This information is critical to inform quantitative and qualitative risk assessments to prioritize intervention efforts in public health and reduce the associated burden of enteric illness. To help address this issue and assist evaluation of the risks associated with animal contact, the Foodbook study, conducted in 2014–2015, assessed exposure to animals, animal food and animal‐related venues within the last 7 days among Canadians. Data were analysed by province and territory, age group and urban/rural residency. Overall, dogs and cats were the most commonly reported animal exposures (43.3% and 31.9%, respectively). The data suggest farm animal exposure occurs primarily at a farm/barn, and to a lesser extent at other animal‐related venues (e.g., petting zoos or agricultural fairs). Approximately one in 25 respondents handled raw pet food within the last 7 days; the majority of which had also been exposed to a dog (86.4%). Children aged 0–9 years reported relatively high exposure to four types of high‐risk animals: rodents (5.6%), poultry (4.0%), reptiles (2.1%) and amphibians (1.8%); with the most vulnerable children aged <5 years also reporting exposure to many of these high‐risk animals. These results highlight potential areas for targeted intervention that can focus on high‐risk populations (e.g., young children) exhibiting potentially risky behaviour such as being exposed to certain high‐risk animals, or handling pet food, treats and raw pet food diets. Additionally, these results support the need to better understand the burden of enteric illness associated with animals and their environments.
The evolutionary history of Mediterranean Batoidea (Chondrichthyes: Neoselachii)
Authors: Ramírez‐Amaro Sergio , Ordines Francesc , Picornell Antònia , Castro José A. , Ramon Cori , Massutí Enric , Terrasa Bàrbara 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBatoidea (rays, skates and their relatives) is the largest group included in the subclass Elasmobranchii. Mediterranean Batoidea fauna is relatively diverse, characterised by a history of isolation and connectivity resulting from tectonic movements and changes in ocean circulation. The evolutionary histories of Batoidea species in the Mediterranean were estimated from two mitochondrial markers (COI and NADH2) through dating and Bayesian analyses. Additionally, two species delimitation analyses (Poisson Tree Process and General Mixed Yule Coalescent) were conducted to elucidate species boundaries. The relationship between Raja species—their ecological traits and species level phylogeny—was also studied to understand speciation in this genus. Results concerning the phylogenetic relationship between Batoidea species were largely consistent with recent molecular studies. Divergence times show a parallel evolutionary history of Batoidea fauna and Mediterranean history, which began from the Triassic. Three important speciation events were detected (a) throughout the Jurassic, when the major lineages were split (b) at the Eocene–Oligocene, when almost all genera of Batoidea were branched, and (c) during the Miocene, when almost all current species of Batoidea derived. These diversification events correspond to crucial paleoclimatic and paleogeographical events that took place at the global and local scale. Phylogenetic and species delimitation analyses revealed the presence of 18 species. Raja species showed different ecological preferences related to depth and habitat, which indicated a genus speciation process driven by different habitat characteristics.
Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing in Children (OPTIC): evaluation of kinetic approaches in childhood neuro-ophthalmic disease
Authors: Patel Dipesh E , Cumberland Phillippa M , Walters Bronwen C , Cortina-Borja Mario , Rahi Jugnoo S 
Published: September 2018

AimsWe compared feasibility, quality and outcomes of visual field (VF) testing in children with neuro-ophthalmic disease between the discontinued ‘gold-standard’ Goldmann and Octopus perimeters.MethodsChildren with neuro-ophthalmic disease, attending Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, were assessed using standardised protocols by one examiner in a single sitting, using Goldmann and Octopus kinetic perimetry. Outputs were classified to compare severity of loss and defect type. Test quality was assessed using both qualitative and quantitative methods.ResultsThirty children (40% female) aged 5–15 years participated. Goldmann perimetry was completed in full by 90.0% vs 72.4% for Octopus. Inability to plot the blind spot was the most common reason for not completing testing. Over 75% completed a test in ≤20 min. Duration was similar between perimeters (paired t-test, mean difference: 0.48min (−1.2, 2.2), p=0.559). The lowest quality tests were for Octopus perimetry in children <8 years, without significant differences between perimeters in older children (McNemar’s test, χ2=1.0, p=0.317). There was broad agreement between Goldmann and Octopus outputs (good quality, n=21, Bland-Altman, mean difference for isopters I4e (−514.3 deg2(−817.4, –211.2), p=0.814), I2e (−575.5 deg2(−900.1, –250.9), p=0.450) and blind spot (20.8 deg2(5.7, 35.8), p=0.451)). However, VF severity grades and defect type matched in only 57% and 69% of tests, respectively. Octopus perimetry underestimated severe VF defects.ConclusionsInformative perimetry is feasible in children ≥8 years with neuro-ophthalmic conditions, with either Goldmann or Octopus perimeters. However, meaningful differences exist between the two approaches with implications for consistency in longitudinal assessments.
Association between maternal gluten intake and type 1 diabetes in offspring: national prospective cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Antvorskov Julie C , Halldorsson Thorhallur I , Josefsen Knud , Svensson Jannet , Granström Charlotta , Roep Bart O , Olesen Trine H , Hrolfsdottir Laufey , Buschard Karsten , Olsen Sjudur F 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Objective
To examine the association between prenatal gluten exposure and offspring risk of type 1 diabetes in humans.

Design
National prospective cohort study.

Setting
National health information registries in Denmark.

Participants
Pregnant Danish women enrolled into the Danish National Birth Cohort, between January 1996 and October 2002,

Main outcome measures
Maternal gluten intake, based on maternal consumption of gluten containing foods, was reported in a 360 item food frequency questionnaire at week 25 of pregnancy. Information on type 1 diabetes occurrence in the participants’ children, from 1 January 1996 to 31 May 2016, were obtained through registry linkage to the Danish Registry of Childhood and Adolescent Diabetes.

Results

The study comprised 101 042 pregnancies in 91 745 women, of whom 70 188 filled out the food frequency questionnaire. After correcting for multiple pregnancies, pregnancies ending in abortions, stillbirths, lack of information regarding the pregnancy, and pregnancies with implausibly high or low energy intake, 67 565 pregnancies (63 529 women) were included. The average gluten intake was 13.0 g/day, ranging from less than 7 g/day to more than 20 g/day. The incidence of type 1 diabetes among children in the cohort was 0.37% (n=247) with a mean follow-up period of 15.6 years (standard deviation 1.4). Risk of type 1 diabetes in offspring increased proportionally with maternal gluten intake during pregnancy (adjusted hazard ratio 1.31 (95% confidence interval 1.001 to 1.72) per 10 g/day increase of gluten). Women with the highest gluten intake versus those with the lowest gluten intake (≥20
v
<7 g/day) had double the risk of type 1 diabetes development in their offspring (adjusted hazard ratio 2.00 (95% confidence interval 1.02 to 4.00)).

Conclusions
High gluten intake by mothers during pregnancy could increase the risk of their children developing type 1 diabetes. However, confirmation of these findings are warranted, preferably in an intervention setting.
Naptics
Authors: Carek Andrew , Holz Christian 
Published: September 2018

Normal circadian rhythm mediates blood pressure during sleep, decreasing in value in healthy subjects. Current methods to monitor nocturnal blood pressure use an active blood pressure cuff that repeatedly auto-inflates while the subject sleeps. Since these inflations happen in intervals of thirty minutes to one hour, they cause considerable sleep disturbances that lead to false measurements and impact the person's quality of sleep. These blood pressure samples are also just spot checks and rarely exceed 10-15 values per night.
We present Naptics, a wearable device woven into shorts. Naptics passively monitors the wearer's blood pressure throughout the night---continuously and unobtrusively---without disturbing the user during sleep. Naptics detects the micro-vibrations of the wearer's body that stem from the heartbeat and senses the optical reflections from the pulse wave as it propagates down the wearer's leg. From the timing between these two events, Naptics computes the pulse transit time, which correlates strongly with the user's blood pressure.
Naptics' key novelty is its unobtrusive approach in tracking blood pressure during the night. Our controlled evaluation of six subjects showed a high correlation (r = 0.89) between Naptics' calibrated mean arterial pressure and cuff-based blood pressure. Our in-the-wild evaluation validates Naptics in tracking five participants' blood pressure patterns throughout four nights and compares them to before and after cuff measurements. In a majority of the nights, Naptics correctly followed the trend of the cuff measurements while providing insights into the behavior and the patterns of participants' nocturnal blood pressure. Participants reported high sleep quality in sleep diaries after each night, validating Naptics as a convenient monitoring apparatus.
FluidMeter
Authors: Hamatani Takashi , Elhamshary Moustafa , Uchiyama Akira , Higashino Teruo 
Published: September 2018

Water is the most vital nutrient in the human body accounting for about 60% of the body weight. To maintain optimal health, it is important for humans to consume a sufficient amount of fluids daily. Therefore, tracking the amount of human daily fluid intake has a myriad of health applications like dehydration prevention.
In this paper, we present FluidMeter: a ubiquitous and unobtrusive system to track the amount of fluid intake leveraging the inertial sensors embedded in smartwatches. To achieve this, FluidMeter first separates the drinking activities from other human activities (playing, running, eating, etc.). Thereafter, it analyzes the sampled sensors data during the extracted drinking episodes to recognize the sequence of micro-activities (lift the bottle, sip, release the bottle) that constitute the drinking activity. Finally, it applies some machine learning algorithms on some features extracted from sampled sensor data during the sipping period to gauge the amount of fluid intake in the designated drinking episode.
FluidMeter is evaluated by collecting more than 260 hours of different human activities by 70 different participants using different smartwatch models. The results show that FluidMeter can recognize the drinking activity and its micro-activities accurately which is comparable to that achieved by the state-of-the-art techniques. Finally, FluidMeter can estimate the overall amount of fluid intake in grams accurately with a estimation error limited to 15%, highlighting its promise as a ubiquitous health service.
SkinWire
Authors: Kao Hsin-Liu Cindy , Bedri Abdelkareem , Lyons Kent 
Published: September 2018

Current wearable form factors often house electronics using an enclosure that is attached to the body. This form factor, while wearable, tends to protrude from the body and therefore can limit wearability. While emerging research in on-skin interfaces from the HCI and wearable communities have generated form factors with lower profiles, they often still require support by conventional electronics and associated form factors for the microprocessor, wireless communication, and battery units. In this work, we introduce SkinWire, a fabrication approach that extends the early work in on-skin interfaces to shift wearable devices from their traditional box-like forms to a fully self-contained on-skin form factor.
The Skin Wire approach starts with the placement of electronic components into individual PCB islands, which are then distributed over the body surface. The islands are connected through a novel skin-wiring approach that deposits conformal multi-stranded metallic wires on thin silicon substrates through a sewing-based technique. The process affords on-skin interfaces with the needed wiring in limited surface areas. We exemplify the capacity of this approach by shifting an IMU-based hand gesture system - which traditionally come in bulky glove-based form factors - directly onto the skin. Inspired by the emerging body art trend of body wiring, the Skin Wire approach uses readily accessible materials and affords aesthetic customization. We evaluate fabrication parameters, and conduct a user study to uncover wearability concerns.
Plan-based generalization shapes local implicit adaptation to opposing visuomotor transformations
Authors: Schween Raphael , Taylor Jordan A. , Hegele Mathias 
Published: September 2018

The human ability to use different tools demonstrates our capability of forming and maintaining multiple, context-specific motor memories. Experimentally, this has been investigated in dual adaptation, where participants adjust their reaching movements to opposing visuomotor transformations. Adaptation in these paradigms occurs by distinct processes, such as strategies for each transformation or the implicit acquisition of distinct visuomotor mappings. Although distinct, transformation-dependent aftereffects have been interpreted as support for the latter, they could reflect adaptation of a single visuomotor map, which is locally adjusted in different regions of the workspace. Indeed, recent studies suggest that explicit aiming strategies direct where in the workspace implicit adaptation occurs, thus potentially serving as a cue to enable dual adaptation. Disentangling these possibilities is critical to understanding how humans acquire and maintain motor memories for different skills and tools. We therefore investigated generalization of explicit and implicit adaptation to untrained movement directions after participants practiced two opposing cursor rotations, which were associated with the visual display being presented in the left or right half of the screen. Whereas participants learned to compensate for opposing rotations by explicit strategies specific to this visual workspace cue, aftereffects were not cue sensitive. Instead, aftereffects displayed bimodal generalization patterns that appeared to reflect locally limited learning of both transformations. By varying target arrangements and instructions, we show that these patterns are consistent with implicit adaptation that generalizes locally around movement plans associated with opposing visuomotor transformations. Our findings show that strategies can shape implicit adaptation in a complex manner. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Visuomotor dual adaptation experiments have identified contextual cues that enable learning of separate visuomotor mappings, but the underlying representations of learning are unclear. We report that visual workspace separation as a contextual cue enables the compensation of opposing cursor rotations by a combination of explicit and implicit processes: Learners developed context-dependent explicit aiming strategies, whereas an implicit visuomotor map represented dual adaptation independent from arbitrary context cues by local adaptation around the explicit movement plan.
Activated Natural Killer Cells in Combination with Anti-GD2 Antibody Dinutuximab Improve Survival of Mice after Surgical Resection of Primary Neuroblastoma
Authors: Barry Wesley E. , Jackson Jeremy R. , Asuelime Grace E. , Wu Hong-Wei , Sun Jianping , Wan Zesheng , Malvar Jemily , Sheard Michael A. , Wang Larry , Seeger Robert C. , Kim Eugene S. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPurpose:Immunotherapy of neuroblastoma that remains after myeloablative chemotherapy with anti-GD2 antibody dinutuximab has increased the two-year event-free and overall survival of high-risk neuroblastoma patients; however, 40% of patients develop recurrent disease during or after this treatment. To determine the potential of such antibody-based immunotherapy earlier in treatment, a mouse model was developed in which surgical resection of the primary tumor was followed by therapy of residual disease with dinutuximab combined with ex vivo–activated human natural killer (aNK) cells.Experimental Design:The effect of combining dinutuximab with human aNK cells was determined in vitro with cellular cytotoxicity and Matrigel invasion assays. The in vivo efficacy of dinutuximab and aNK cells against neuroblastoma was assessed following resection of primary tumors formed by two cell lines or a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in immunodeficient NOD-scid gamma mice.Results:In vitro, the combination of aNK cells and dinutuximab caused cytotoxicity and decreased invasiveness of three human neuroblastoma cell lines. Treatment of mice with dinutuximab combined with aNK cells after surgical resection of primary intrarenal tumors formed by two cell lines or a PDX decreased tumor cells in liver and bone marrow as evaluated by histopathology and bioluminescence imaging. Survival of mice after resection of these tumors was most significantly increased by treatment with dinutuximab combined with aNK cells compared with that of untreated mice.Conclusions:The combination of dinutuximab and adoptively transferred human aNK cells following surgical resection of primary neuroblastomas significantly improves survival of immunodeficient mice.
Old and young female voices: effects of body weight, condition and social discomfort on the vocal aging in red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus)
Authors: Volodin Ilya A. , Sibiryakova Olga V. , Vasilieva Nina A. , Volodina Elena V. , Matrosova Vera A. , Garcia Andrés J. , Pérez-Barbería Francisco J. , Gallego Laureano , Landete-Castillejos Tomás 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
In female terrestrial mammals, vocal aging has only been studied in humans and pandas. In cervids displaying convergent sex dimorphism of vocal apparatus with humans, vocal aging is only investigated in males. This cross-sectional study examined acoustic variables of nasal (closed-mouth) and oral (open-mouth) contact calls of 32 farmed Iberian red deer hinds (Cervus elaphus hispanicus) aged of 4-18 years and their relationships with caller´s age, weight, social discomfort score (bites of other hinds on hind pelt) and body condition score (fat reserves). Decrease of fundamental frequency was associated with age in both oral and nasal calls, but more prominently in the nasal calls. An increase in call duration, peak frequency and power quartiles was associated with a higher degree of bites due to social aggression. Weight and body condition weakly influenced acoustic traits. We discuss that vocal aging of hinds parallels that of vocal aging in human females.
The Ethical Dative in Aramaic
Authors: Fassberg Steven E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
The ethical dative (dativus ethicus) has been attested without interruption in Aramaic dialects from the Official Aramaic period down through Neo-Aramaic. The extent and durability of this linguistic feature is discussed. Though its frequency differs from corpus to corpus, it is alive in some Neo-Aramaic dialects and its distribution in Modern Aramaic suggests that it was more widespread in pre-Modern Aramaic than the written texts show. It is most probably a colloquial feature that penetrated written texts to a limited extent. In the only real evidence we possess of spoken Aramaic, namely, Neo-Aramaic, it has, in different dialects, become an integral part of some verbal forms and does not express any identifiable nuance. Its precise meaning and use in pre-Modern Aramaic remain elusive.