bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutual fund investor’s behaviour towards information search and selection criteria
Authors: Kaur Inderjit 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The fund selection process of investors in a mutual fund needs to be understood for designing better marketing strategies. Knowledge and perception about the mutual funds can affect investor’s behaviour towards information search and selection criteria during the decision process. Therefore, this study aims to examine Indian mutual fund investors under the framework of Theory of Planned Behaviour and consumer’s behaviour model.

Design/methodology/approach
The data have been collected from mutual fund investors in the National Capital Region–Delhi, India, through structured questionnaire. The collected data were examined with relevant statistical tools.

Findings
Knowledge and perception affect information search behaviour of the investor. Investors having better knowledge of mutual funds access impersonal sources of information and performance of fund affects their choice, whereas investors having lesser knowledge of mutual fund take advice of experts and select funds based on fund characteristics. Investors with better return perception for mutual funds ignore performance as selection criteria, whereas investors having poor risk perception tend to reduce their bias by accessing personal sources of information. Education and income of investor affect knowledge and perception of mutual funds.

Practical implications
The financial advisor-driven investors ignore performance as selection criteria and could lead to dissatisfaction later. Therefore, to make the industry investor driven, mutual funds need to focus on improving the knowledge of investors.

Originality/value
This paper shows the unique effect of knowledge and perception on information search behaviour of investors towards mutual funds. The knowledgeable investor selects mutual funds by understanding all risks and benefits.
Do Indian stock market sentiments impact contemporaneous returns?
Authors: Aggarwal Divya , Mohanty Pitabas 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of Indian investor sentiments on contemporaneous stock returns of Bombay Stock Exchange, National Stock Exchange and various sectoral indices in India by developing a sentiment index.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses principal component analysis to develop a sentiment index as a proxy for Indian stock market sentiments over a time frame from April 1996 to January 2017. It uses an exploratory approach to identify relevant proxies in building a sentiment index using indirect market measures and macro variables of Indian and US markets.

Findings
The study finds that there is a significant positive correlation between the sentiment index and stock index returns. Sectors which are more dependent on institutional fund flows show a significant impact of the change in sentiments on their respective sectoral indices.

Research limitations/implications
The study has used data at a monthly frequency. Analysing higher frequency data can explain short-term temporal dynamics between sentiments and returns better. Further studies can be done to explore whether sentiments can be used to predict stock returns.

Practical implications
The results imply that one can develop profitable trading strategies by investing in sectors like metals and capital goods, which are more susceptible to generate positive returns when the sentiment index is high.

Originality/value
The study supplements the existing literature on the impact of investor sentiments on contemporaneous stock returns in the context of a developing market. It identifies relevant proxies of investor sentiments for the Indian stock market.
Addicted to PBS? CBT can fix that: commentary on improving the adoption of PBS and ABA using diffusion of innovations
Authors: Mason Jonathan 
Published: October 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary to Hayward, Poed and McKay-Brown’s article by expanding upon some of the reasons for the apparent dominance of Positive Behaviour Support (PBS).

Design/methodology/approach
The commentary notes the rise and dominance of Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) over a similar time frame, and uses both this and ideas from the literature to examine the reasons for, advantages and consequences of PBS’s dominance.

Findings
The paper identifies three overlapping reasons for the comparable rise of PBS and CBT, and examines the impact that their dominance has had on attempts to manage quality, improve outcomes and train staff.

Originality/value
Establishing the reasons for the success of a theoretical approach can assist with the development of other effective interventions.
The protective effects of nasal PcrV‐CpG oligonucleotide vaccination against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia
Authors: Naito Yoshifumi , Hamaoka Saeko , Kinoshita Mao , Kainuma Atsushi , Shimizu Masaru , Katoh Hideya , Moriyama Kiyoshi , Ishii Ken J. , Sawa Teiji 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAn effective vaccine against Pseudomonas aeruginosa would be hugely beneficial to people who are susceptible to the serious infections it can cause. Vaccination against PcrV of the P. aeruginosa type III secretion system is a potential prophylactic strategy for improving the incidence and prognosis of P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Here, the effect of nasal PcrV adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG) was compared with a nasal PcrV/aluminum hydroxide gel (alum) vaccine. Seven groups of mice were vaccinated intranasally with one of the following: 1, PcrV‐CpG; 2, PcrV‐alum; 3, PcrV alone; 4, CpG alone; 5, alum alone; 6 and 7, saline control. Fifty days after the first immunization, anti‐PcrV IgG, IgA and IgG isotype titers were measured; significant increases in these titers were detected only in the PcrV‐CpG vaccinated mice. The vaccinated mice were then intratracheally infected with a lethal dose of P. aeruginosa and their body temperatures and survival monitored for 24 hr, edema, bacteria, myeloperoxidase activity and lung histology also being evaluated at 24 hr post‐infection. It was found that 73% of the PcrV‐CpG‐vaccinated mice survived, whereas fewer than 30% of the mice vaccinated with PcrV‐alum or adjuvant alone survived. Lung edema and other inflammation‐related variables were less severe in the PcrV‐CpG group. The significant increase in PcrV‐specific IgA titers detected following PcrV‐CpG vaccination is probably a component of the disease protection mechanism. Overall, our data show that intranasal PcrV‐CpG vaccination has potential efficacy for clinical application against P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
Niche partitioning of sympatric penguins by leapfrog foraging appears to be resilient to climate change
Authors: Clewlow Harriet L. , Takahashi Akinori , Watanabe Shinichi , Votier Stephen C. , Downie Rod , Ratcliffe Norman 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Interspecific competition can drive niche partitioning along multidimensional axes, including allochrony. Competitor matching will arise where the phenology of sympatric species with similar ecological requirements responds to climate change at different rates such that allochrony is reduced.

Our study quantifies the degree of niche segregation in foraging areas and depths that arises from allochrony in sympatric Adélie and chinstrap penguins and explores its resilience to climate change.

Three‐dimensional tracking data were sampled during all stages of the breeding season and were used to parameterise a behaviour‐based model that quantified spatial overlap of foraging areas under different scenarios of allochrony.

The foraging ranges of the two species were similar within breeding stages, but differences in their foraging ranges between stages, combined with the observed allochrony of 28 days, resulted in them leapfrogging each other through the breeding season such that they were exploiting different foraging locations on the same calendar dates. Allochrony reduced spatial overlap in the peripheral utilisation distribution of the two species by 54.0% over the entire breeding season, compared to a scenario where the two species bred synchronously.

Analysis of long‐term phenology data revealed that both species advanced their laying dates in relation to October air temperatures at the same rate, preserving allochrony and niche partitioning. However, if allochrony is reduced by just a single day, the spatial overlap of the core utilisation distribution increased by an average of 2.1% over the entire breeding season.

Niche partitioning between the two species by allochrony appears to be resilient to climate change and so competitor matching cannot be implicated in the observed population declines of the two penguin species across the Western Antarctic Peninsula.
Institutional ownership, cross‐shareholdings and corporate cash reserves in Japan
Authors: Nguyen Pascal , Rahman Nahid 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCross‐country studies document a negative relation between corporate governance and cash holdings. In contrast, this relation is found to be positive in the United States. In this paper, we examine the case of Japanese firms. Using institutional ownership and cross‐shareholdings as the main governance variables, we show that better governance is associated with higher cash balances as in the United States. The reason is that better‐governed firms make better investment decisions. Their investments are not driven by excess liquidity and result in higher profitability and higher firm valuation. Overall, our findings indicate that management profligacy is a bigger concern to shareholders than management propensity to hoard cash because of risk aversion.
Varenicline and nabilone in tobacco and cannabis co‐users: effects on tobacco abstinence, withdrawal and a laboratory model of cannabis relapse
Authors: Herrmann Evan S. , Cooper Ziva D. , Bedi Gillinder , Ramesh Divya , Reed Stephanie Collins , Comer Sandra D. , Foltin Richard W. , Haney Margaret 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTobacco and cannabis co‐users (T+CUs) have poor cannabis cessation outcomes, but the mechanisms underlying this are not well understood. This laboratory study examined the effects of (1) the partial nicotinic agonist, varenicline, on tobacco cessation among T+CUs, and (2) varenicline, alone, and when combined with the cannabinoid agonist nabilone, on cannabis withdrawal and a laboratory model of cannabis relapse. Non‐treatment‐seeking T+CUs were randomized to active‐varenicline or placebo‐varenicline, and completed a 15‐day outpatient phase; varenicline was titrated to 1 mg BID during days 1–8, and participants were instructed to abstain from tobacco during days 9–15. Participants then moved inpatient for 16 days, where they continued their outpatient medication and tobacco abstinence. Inpatient testing included two, 8‐day medication periods, where active‐nabilone and placebo‐nabilone were administered in counterbalanced order, and measures of acute cannabis effects (days 1–2), withdrawal (days 4–5) and ‘relapse’ (days 6–8) were collected. Participants in the active‐varenicline group were more likely to achieve cotinine‐verified tobacco abstinence during the outpatient period versus placebo‐varenicline group (46 percent versus 24 percent, respectively), and also reported less mood disturbance and cigarette craving while inpatient. Active‐nabilone attenuated cannabis withdrawal in both groups but did not affect cannabis relapse. Regression analyses revealed that two tobacco‐related variables, i.e. age of first cigarette use, and cigarette craving while inpatient, were independent predictors of cannabis relapse outcomes. Thus, varenicline holds promise in this population, as a tool to examine the effects of tobacco abstinence on cannabis use outcomes, and as a component of smoking cessation treatments targeting T+CUs.
Pregnancy outcomes for women with pre‐pregnancy diabetes mellitus in Australian populations, rural and metropolitan: A review
Authors: McCarthy Elizabeth A. , Williamson Rebecca , Shub Alexis 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundHistorically, pre‐pregnancy diabetes (PPDM) is a recognised risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome. Co‐existing pathology and adverse social determinants including rural‐metropolitan inequities in health and healthcare access may confer additional risks. Multidisciplinary care before, during and after pregnancy can improve outcomes for women with PPDM and their infants. The extent to which rural Australian women and their families share in improved outcomes is unknown. We aimed to summarise maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes for women with PPDM, including women in rural settings and examine applications of existing clinical guidelines to rural Australian practice.MethodsWe sought English language population and cohort studies about PPDM using Medline, Embase, PubMed, Australian epidemiological and international clinical practice guidelines.ResultsWomen with PPDM are changing: older, more obese, of lower parity, less likely to smoke, more likely to have type 2 rather than type 1 diabetes and shorter duration of PPDM. Women with PPDM continue to experience excess adverse pregnancy outcomes, including maternal morbidity, complicated birth, perinatal loss, congenital anomalies and mother‐infant separation. On face value, clinical guidelines appear relevant to women living in rural settings but there are only a few, conflicting outcome studies for rural women with PPDM.ConclusionsPPDM is changing. A significant minority live in rural locations, and although perinatal mortality/morbidity seems to be improving, it is unclear if this is also true for rural women due to a lack of recent Australian studies. Further research is necessary to achieve excellence everywhere for women with PPDM and their babies.
Measuring the profiles of the security needs of forensic psychiatric inpatients: Validation of the See, Think, Act Scale
Authors: Siu Bonnie Wei‐Man , Au‐Yeung Cherie Cheuk‐Yee , Chan Anita Wai‐Lan , Chan Lanly Shui‐Yee , Yuen Kwok‐Kuen , Leung Hon‐Wah , Yan Chor‐Kwan , Ng Kwok‐Kuen , Lai Anita C.H. , Tighe James 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionThis study aimed to develop and validate a Chinese version of the See, Think, Act Scale (C‐STA). The relational security of the Department of Forensic Psychiatry of Castle Peak Hospital, which provides territory‐wide forensic psychiatric services in Hong Kong, was measured.MethodsThe See, Think, Act Scale was first translated into Chinese, then back‐translated into English for comparison, and finally, subject to modification until alignment was achieved. Its content validity and face validity were explored through expert panel evaluation and focus group discussion, respectively. Eighty‐nine Chinese mental health professionals were recruited from six service units to measure the relational security of the Department of Forensic Psychiatry using the C‐STA.ResultsThe Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was high, with all components exceeding 0.90. The intraclass correlation coefficients for the test‐retest reliability of all components ranged from 0.50 to 0.72. Participants had the lowest score on the “patient focus” component (M = 2.56, standard deviation [SD] = 0.32). A significant sex difference in total relational security scores was found (P < 0.001).DiscussionThe C‐STA is a valid and reliable instrument to measure the relational security of forensic psychiatric services. “Patient focus” might be the target component of relational security for which the Department of Forensic Psychiatry needs to have interventions. The significant sex difference in total relational security scores needs further exploration.
The role of vascular endothelium in nitroglycerin‐mediated vasodilation
Authors: Zhou Kangbin , Parker John D. 
Published: October 2018

AimsNitroglycerin (or glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) has been long considered an endothelium‐independent vasodilator because GTN vasodilation is intact in the absence of the endothelium and in the presence of endothelial dysfunction. However, in animal and in vitro models, GTN has been shown to stimulate the release of certain endothelium‐derived vasodilators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2). In addition, chronic GTN therapy leads to endothelial dysfunction. In this series of experiments, we explored how GTN might interact with the vascular endothelium in normal humans, without cardiovascular disease or risk factors associated with abnormalities in vascular function.MethodsWe examined the effect of inhibition of NO, PGI2, and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs, a class of endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor) on GTN‐mediated vasodilation. We measured arterial blood flow responses to brachial artery infusions of GTN in the absence and presence of L‐NMMA (n = 13), ketorolac (n = 14) and fluconazole (n = 16), which are inhibitors of endothelium‐derived NO, PGI2 and EETs, respectively, in healthy volunteers.ResultsOur results demonstrate that inhibition of endothelium‐dependent vasodilator mechanisms does not alter forearm resistance vessel responses to GTN.ConclusionWe conclude that GTN‐mediated dilation of forearm resistance vessels is largely independent of vascular endothelium.
Friendships in middle childhood: Links to peer and school identification, and general self‐worth
Authors: Maunder Rachel , Monks Claire P. 
Published: October 2018

Children's friendships are important for well‐being and school adjustment, but few studies have examined multiple indices of friendships together in middle childhood. The current study surveyed 7‐ to 11‐year‐olds (n = 314) about their friendships, best friendships, friendship quality and indices of self‐worth, identification with peers, and identification with school. Peer relationships were positively related to self‐worth, but not identification with peers or school. Best friendship quality moderated the relationship between number of reciprocated friendship nominations and self‐worth. Children with a reciprocated best friend had higher friendship quality and peer identification than others. Where best friendship was reciprocated, the relationship with identification with peers was mediated via positive friendship quality. The results suggest that friendship reciprocity is particularly relevant for children's self‐worth and identification with peers. The findings are discussed in relation to the importance of fostering the development of reciprocated friendships.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Friendships are related to well‐being, school relations, and how young people feel about their peers at school.

Friendship quality may be important in moderating the relationship between peer relations and adjustment.

What does this study add?

Various aspects of friendships are studied simultaneously with younger children than much previous research.

Reciprocated best friendships were better quality than partial or non‐reciprocated best friendships.

Friendship reciprocity was most relevant for children's self‐worth and peer identification.
von Willebrand factor clearance – biological mechanisms and clinical significance
Authors: O'Sullivan Jamie M. , Ward Soracha , Lavin Michelle , O'Donnell James S. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe mechanisms involved in regulating von Willebrand factor (VWF) clearance remain poorly understood. However recent studies have shown that macrophages play a critical role in regulating the half‐life of VWF, and have identified specific lectin (including asialoglycoprotein, macrophage galactose‐type lectin, Sigec‐5 and C‐type lectin domain family 4 member M) and scavenger receptors (including low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein‐1, scavenger receptor A1 and stabilin‐2) that are involved in VWF clearance. Further studies will be required to determine the relative importance of these individual receptors with respect to physiological and pathological VWF clearance. Nevertheless, recent clinical data have highlighted the importance of enhanced VWF clearance in the pathogenesis of type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD). Moreover, increased clearance also contributes to reduced VWF levels in many patients with type 2 and type 3 VWD. Improved understanding regarding VWF clearance is not only of direct biological relevance, but may also have important implications for the development of novel therapeutic agents with extended plasma half‐lives for the treatment of both VWD and haemophilia A.
Prostate cancer heterogeneity: texture analysis score based on multiple magnetic resonance imaging sequences for detection, stratification and selection of lesions at time of biopsy
Authors: Orczyk Clement , Villers Arnauld , Rusinek Henry , Lepennec Vincent , Bazille Céline , Giganti Francesco , Mikheev Artem , Bernaudin Myriam , Emberton Mark , Fohlen Audrey , Valable Samuel 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo undertake an early proof‐of‐concept study on a novel, semi‐automated texture‐based scoring system in order to enhance the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions and clinically significant prostate cancer (SPCa).Patients and MethodsWith ethics approval, 536 imaging volumes were generated from 20 consecutive patients who underwent multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) at time of biopsy. Volumes of interest (VOIs) included zonal anatomy segmentation and suspicious MRI lesions for cancer (Likert Scale score >2). Entropy (E), measuring heterogeneity, was computed from VOIs and plotted as a multiparametric score defined as the entropy score (ES) = E ADC + E Ktrans + E Ve + E T2WI. The reference test that was used to define the ground truth comprised systematic saturation biopsies coupled with MRI‐targeted sampling. This generated 422 cores in all that were individually labelled and oriented in three‐dimensions. Diagnostic accuracy for detection of SPCa, defined as Gleason score ≥3 + 4 or >3 mm of any grade of cancer on a single core, was assessed using receiver operating characteristics, correlation, and descriptive statistics. The proportion of cancerous lesions detected by ES and visual scoring (VS) were statistically compared using the paired McNemar test.ResultsAny cancer (Gleason score 6–8) was found in 12 of the 20 (60%) patients, with a median PSA level of 8.22 ng/mL. SPCa (mean [95% confidence interval, CI] ES = 17.96 [0.72] NATural information unit [NAT]) had a significantly higher ES than non‐SPCa (mean [95% CI] ES = 15.33 [0.76] NAT). The ES correlated with Gleason score (rs = 0.568, P = 0.033) and maximum cancer core length (ρ = 0.781; P < 0.001). The area under the curve for the ES (0.89) and VS (0.91) were not significantly different (P = 0.75) for the detection of SPCa amongst MRI lesions. Best ES estimated numerical threshold of 16.61 NAT led to a sensitivity of 100% and negative predictive value of 100%. The proportion of MRI lesions that were found to be positive for SPCa using this ES threshold (54%) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than using the VS (24% of score 3, 4, 5) in a paired analysis using the McNemar test. In all, 53% of MRI lesions would have avoided biopsy sampling without missing significant disease.ConclusionCapturing heterogeneity of prostate cancer across multiple MRI sequences with the ES yielded high performances for the detection and stratification of SPCa. The ES outperformed the VS in predicting positivity of lesions, holding promise in the selection of targets for biopsy and calling for further understanding of this association.