bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary and secondary organic aerosol from heated cooking oil emissions
Authors: Liu Tengyu , Wang Zhaoyi , Wang Xinming , Chan Chak K. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Cooking emissions have been identified as a source of both primary organic
aerosol (POA) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). To examine the
characteristics of SOA from cooking emissions, emissions from seven vegetable
oils (sunflower, olive, peanut, corn, canola, soybean, and palm
oils) heated at 200 ∘C were photooxidized under high-NOx
conditions in a smog chamber. OA was characterized using a high-resolution
time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-TOF-AMS). Sunflower, peanut,
corn, canola, and soybean oil generated relatively low concentrations of POA
(≤0.5 µg m−3) in the chamber. For palm and olive oil,
positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis separated POA and SOA better
than the residual spectrum method. Temporal trends in concentrations of POA
from heated palm oil were accurately predicted assuming first-order POA wall
loss. However, this assumption overestimated POA concentrations from heated
olive oil, which was attributed to the heterogeneous oxidation of POA. The
mass spectra of the PMF resolved POA factor for palm oil, and the average POA
from sunflower, peanut, corn, and canola oils were in better agreement
(θ=8–12∘) with ambient cooking organic aerosol
(COA) factors resolved in select Chinese megacities than those found in given
European cities in the literature. The mass spectra of SOA formed from heated
cooking oils had high abundances of m∕zs 27, 28, 29, 39, 41, 44, and 55 and
displayed limited similarity (θ > 20∘) with
ambient semi-volatile oxygenated OA (SV-OOA) factors. The entire OA data set
measured herein follows a linear trend with a slope of approximately −0.4 in
the Van Krevelen diagram, which may indicate oxidation mechanisms involving
the addition of both carboxylic acid and alcohol or peroxide functional groups
without fragmentation and/or the addition of carboxylic acid functional
groups with fragmentation.
Airborne limb-imaging measurements of temperature, HNO3, O3, ClONO2, H2O and CFC-12 during the Arctic winter 2015/2016: characterization, in situ validation and comparison to Aura/MLS
Authors: Johansson Sören , Woiwode Wolfgang , Höpfner Michael , Friedl-Vallon Felix , Kleinert Anne , Kretschmer Erik , Latzko Thomas , Orphal Johannes , Preusse Peter , Ungermann Jörn , Santee Michelle L. , Jurkat-Witschas Tina , Marsing Andreas , Voigt Christiane , Giez Andreas , Krämer Martina , Rolf Christian , Zahn Andreas , Engel Andreas , Sinnhuber Björn-Martin , Oelhaf Hermann 
Published: August 2018

Abstract. The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA)
was operated on board the German High Altitude and Long Range Research
Aircraft (HALO) during the PGS (POLSTRACC/GW-LCYCLE/SALSA) aircraft campaigns
in the Arctic winter 2015/2016. Research flights were conducted from 17
December 2015 until 18 March 2016 within 25–87∘ N,
80∘ W–30∘ E. From the GLORIA infrared limb-emission
measurements, two-dimensional cross sections of temperature, HNO3,
O3, ClONO2, H2O and CFC-12 are retrieved. During 15
scientific flights of the PGS campaigns the GLORIA instrument measured
more than 15 000 atmospheric profiles at high spectral resolution. Dependent on flight altitude and
tropospheric cloud cover, the profiles retrieved from the measurements typically range between 5 and
14 km, and vertical resolutions between 400 and 1000 m are achieved. The estimated total (random and
systematic) 1σ errors are in the range of 1 to 2 K for temperature and 10 % to 20 % relative
error for the discussed trace gases. Comparisons to in situ instruments deployed on board HALO have been
performed. Over all flights of this campaign the median differences and median absolute deviations between
in situ and GLORIA observations are -0.75K±0.88 K for temperature, -0.03ppbv±0.85 ppbv for
HNO3, -3.5ppbv±116.8 ppbv for O3, -15.4pptv±102.8 pptv for ClONO2, -0.13ppmv±0.63 ppmv for H2O and -19.8pptv±46.9 pptv for CFC-12. Seventy-three percent of these differences are
within twice the combined estimated errors of the cross-compared instruments.
Events with larger deviations are explained by atmospheric variability and
different sampling characteristics of the instruments. Additionally,
comparisons of GLORIA HNO3 and O3 with measurements of the
Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument show highly consistent
structures in trace gas distributions and illustrate the potential of the
high-spectral-resolution limb-imaging GLORIA observations for resolving
narrow mesoscale structures in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere
(UTLS).
Tourism Support Services as Indicators for Socio-Economic Development of Uyo in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Authors: I. Eja, Eja. , Bassey Eneyo, Violet 
Published: August 2018

This paper examined tourism support services as indicators for socio-economic development of Uyo. The study investigate visitors arrivals in the seven selected tourism support services, the demographic characteristics of the sampled population types of employment and distribution and challenges encountered by staff in the tourism support services in the study area. Questionnaire and checklist were the methods used in data collection such that the questionnaire were distributed to staff in the tourism support services so as to captured the demographic characteristics of the sampled population, challenges encountered by staff in the industry and the checklist was used to obtained data such as types and distribution of employment. The result from data obtained indicates that the tourism support services in Uyo have significantly contributed to the socio-economic development of Uyo as evidenced in the various types and distribution of employment in the study. This was also affirmed in the tested hypothesis which shows a significant variation in employment generation between indigenous and non-indigenous in the study area. The finding also indicate that the staff in the industry were faced with challenges which need urgent attention if the tourism support services must function effectively in the study area.
On Nature and the Tactility of the Senses in Blade Runner 2049
Authors: Payne Catherine , Pitsis Alexandra 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
We explore Blade Runner 2049 through a series of subtle filmic moments. These moments contribute to an implicit narrative about the role of the senses, particularly tactility, in the development of human consciousness. This is navigated through the trajectory of the main character, Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) Agent K, from replicant to a state of open-ended awareness. K (Ryan Gosling) as an evolving entity goes from existing as a synthetic being to experiencing the fragility and volatility of “being human”; in doing so, he encounters barriers within a wider, all-encompassing nature. The film is linked to Nabokov’s Pale Fire, in which we identify pivotal moments in K’s consciousness that are aligned with poetic concepts in this text. We contend that Blade Runner 2049 is a form of metacinema and is structured as an interrupted game, a spatial journey composed of layers, ruptures, and bifurcations expressed through barriers. These concepts will be discussed in this article.
Borrelia miyamotoi infection rate in black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) recovered from heads of hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in Pennsylvania: A public health perspective
Authors: Farone Tracy S. , Campagnolo Enzo R. , Mason Krystal L. , Butler Christina L. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Studies reporting tick infection rates for Borrelia miyamotoi, a zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen responsible for Borrelia miyamotoi disease, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania are limited. To ascertain a statewide infection rate of B. miyamotoi, ticks were collected from heads of 9,912 hunter-harvested white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) presented to six regional Pennsylvania Game Commission Chronic Wasting Disease sampling stations in early December of 2013, 2014, and 2015. Of the 2973 ticks recovered, 1990 (66.9%) were identified as adult Ixodes scapularis. The 1990 I. scapularis ticks were grouped into 409 pools containing one to six ticks and PCR-tested for the presence of B. miyamotoi. The pooled samples had a statewide maximum likelihood estimation tick infection rate of 7.64/1000 (95% CI, 4.46–12.29) for B. miyamotoi, confirming a state-wide presence, and supporting the need for an increased public health awareness for this emerging zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogen.
Improvement of Soil Chemistry Characteristic of Upland with Rock Phosphate, Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria and Farm Yard Manure For Increase of Soybean Yield
Authors: Noor Aidi 
Published: August 2018

The experiment aims to know the role of rock phosphate, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and farm yard manure application in improve quality of acid upland and its influence to soybean yield. Experiment was conducted in the greenhouse using Ultisols from Kentrong at 2001 year. Factorial experiment design with two factors was used in randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factors was rock phosphate dosages i.e. : 0; 30; 60; 90 kg P ha-1, and the second factor was combination of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and farm yard manure (FYM) i.e. : without PSB and FYM (control); PSB (Pseudomonas fluorescens); FYM 10 t ha-1, and PSB+FYM. Results indicated that rock phosphate and combination of PSB and FYM application increased available P and decrase exchangeable Al of soils, increase nutrient uptake N, P, nodulation and grain yield of soybean. Application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and farm yard manure combination with rock phosphate 30 kg P ha-1 dosages average increase grain yield soybean 23.5% compared with control. Grain yield of soybean 87% affected by variables of available P soils (X1), nutrient uptake N (X4) and P (X5), with multiple regression equation : Y = 0.241 + 0.03900 X1 + 0.00470 X4 + 0.04263 X5.
Ascorbic Acid Determination Based on Electrocatalytic Behavior of Metal-Organic Framework MIL-101-(Cr) at Modified Carbon-Paste Electrode
Authors: Tashkhourian Javad , Valizadeh Hamed , Abbaspour Abdolkarim 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are classified as microporous materials. They have large surface areas, low framework densities, accessible cages, and tunnels with modifiable pores. Objective: The MOF MIL-101(Cr) with a large pore volume was synthesized hydrothermally and used in the electrochemical reactions as an electrocatalyst for the determination of ascorbic acid (AA). The synthesized MOF was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. Methods: The electrocatalytic behavior of a carbon-paste electrode modified with MIL-101(Cr) was studied through electro-oxidation of AA by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The conventional three-electrode cell system, consisting of Ag/AgCl (3 M KCl) as thereference, platinum wire as the counter electrode, and modified carbon paste as the working electrode,was used in the experiment. Results: Under optimized experimental conditions, the electrode revealed a linear relationship between the oxidation peak current and concentration of AA over a wide range from 0.01 to 10 mM with the LOD of 0.006 mM (3 Sb/m). The results showed that 100-fold ofNa+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, SO42−, sorbitol, sucrose, fructose, citric acid, 40-fold of NO3−, glucose, sucrose, urea, and 10-fold of uric acid had no significant interference. The method was adapted for the determination of the concentration of AA present in two real samples (vitamin C tablet and vitamin C effervescent tablet) with recovery of 97.0 and 96.0%, respectively. Conclusions: A simple, sensitive and reliable modified electrode has been established and applied for the determination of AA. Highlights: The modified electrode represented a good performance in the analysis of the real sample.
MonteCarlo Simulation, Automatic Stopping Criteria For
Authors: Hickernell Fred J. , Choi Sou‐Cheng T. , Jiang Lan , Jiménez Rugama Lluís Antoni 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMonte Carlo simulation is a numerical method that estimates the means of random variables and multidimensional integrals. This method returns the arithmetic average of function values observed at a finite number,n, of well‐chosen nodes. One may wish to know when a simulation can be stopped while satisfying a user‐specified error criterion. This entry summarizes some algorithms that choosenautomatically.
Statistical Network Surveillance
Authors: Jeske Daniel R. , Stevens Nathaniel T. , Wilson James D. , Tartakovsky Alexander G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe termnetwork surveillanceis defined, and the statistical methodologies that can be used as tools for network surveillance are discussed. Three examples of network surveillance are used to illustrate the diversity of contexts where the term can apply. Common to all network surveillance applications is a desire to identify the anomalous patterns in time‐varying network characteristics, such as traffic profiles, communication patterns, and fraud. As in traditional statistical process monitoring, the goal is to detect the anomalies with minimal delay while also controlling false alarms. A significant challenge associated with designing a network surveillance algorithm is how to handle monitoring streams that exhibit nonstationary behavior and have complex correlation structures. Even deciding what characteristic(s) to monitor can be a nontrivial decision.
Double Robustness
Authors: Daniel Rhian M. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractDouble robustness is a prevalent topic in current statistical thinking, especially in causal inference and missing data methods. The most popular class of doubly robust (DR) estimators – known aslocally efficient augmented inverse probability weighted (AIPW) estimators– possess additional properties, linked to but distinct from double robustness, which lead to tractable statistical inferences and other attractive features.In this article, we start by briefly introducing the concepts of nuisance models and multiple (double) robustness, before turning to a particular setting for a more formal introduction, namely that of estimating a population mean from incomplete data. For this setting, we describe the DR AIPW estimator and discuss the other properties alluded to above as well as double robustness itself. We then show how this setting is more general than it might seem at first sight, before going on to discuss many extensions, both to more complex settings and to recently developed improved DR estimation strategies.
Estimation of Half‐Life Periods in Nonlinear Data
Authors: Mayer Benjamin , Peter Raphael S. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHalf‐life periods, that is, the amount of time which passes by until the maximally measured concentration of a specific substance of interest is halved, are standard outcomes, for example, in pharmacological or toxicological examinations. A particular characteristic of such time‐dependent concentration measurements is a nonlinear data pattern. Estimating half‐life periods therefore is a two‐stage process, requiring first the application of complex mathematical models to the data, from which a model‐based estimation of the half‐life time is subsequently derived. This article describes the general proceeding of this two‐stage process and presents the most common mathematical models to be used. Specifically, fractional polynomials and generalized additive models are introduced shortly. Moreover, a numerical approach is presented which enables to find the estimate of interest finally. An example application is given along with some useful notes on available software.
Count Time Series Analysis
Authors: Weiß Christian H. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Count time series are discrete‐valued time series having a quantitative range consisting of nonnegative integers. In addition to standard methods from real‐valued time series analysis, several tailor‐made approaches have been developed for analyzing these time series, including tools for checking model adequacy and techniques for coherent forecasting. Models for real‐valued time series cannot be used for count time series; classes of models for these discrete data are briefly surveyed.
Electrical Writing onto a Dynamically Responsive Polysaccharide Medium: Patterning Structure and Function into a Reconfigurable Medium
Authors: Wu Si , Yan Kun , Zhao Yanan , Tsai Cheng‐Chieh , Shen Jana , Bentley William E. , Chen Yun , Deng Hongbing , Du Yumin , Payne Gregory F. , Shi Xiaowen 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHistorically, paper is the medium to write information. Here, the concept of writing is expanded from the addition of mass (i.e., ink) onto a static polysaccharide medium (i.e., paper), to the addition of electrical energy to a dynamically reconfigurable polysaccharide medium. Specifically, a dual‐responsive interpenetrating polysaccharide network is used as a dynamic medium. Electrical writing is achieved using an electrode pen to locally perform the cathodic electrolysis reactions that generate high‐pH regions that neutralize the interpenetrating chitosan chains and induce their self‐assembly into crystalline regions. Surprisingly, the gradients in structure induced by cathodic writing are stable even after the pH gradient has dissipated. Molecular modeling indicates that this stability results from structure‐induced changes in chitosan's pKa. Various experimental approaches demonstrate that the changes in structure generated by cathodic writing alter the medium's mechanical, chemical, and biological properties. Importantly, the structure and information imparted into the film is reversible allowing the medium to be erased and new information to be written. Broadly, this work demonstrates the use of top‐down electrical inputs to induce bottom‐up structural changes in a biopolymer‐based medium and these structural changes fundamentally alter how this medium interacts chemically and biologically with its environment.
Tuning the Intrinsic Properties of Carbon Nitride for High Quantum Yield Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Z. , Davey Kenneth , Mullins C. Buddie 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe low quantum yield of photocatalytic hydrogen production in carbon nitride (CN) has been improved upon via the modulation of both the extrinsic and intrinsic properties of the material. Although the modification of extrinsic properties has been widely investigated in the past, recently there has been growing interest in the alteration of intrinsic properties. Refining the intrinsic properties of CN provides flexibility in controlling the charge transport and selectivity in photoredox reactions, and therefore makes available a pathway toward superior photocatalytic performance. An analysis of recent progress in tuning the intrinsic photophysical properties of CN facilitates an assessment of the goals, achievements, and gaps. This article is intended to serve this purpose. Therefore, selected techniques and mechanisms of the tuning of intrinsic properties of CN are critically discussed here. This article concludes with a recommendation of the issues that need to be considered for the further enhancement in the quantum efficiency of CN photocatalysts.
Direct Solar‐to‐Electrochemical Energy Storage in a Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Lv Jiangquan , Tan Yan‐Xi , Xie Jiafang , Yang Rui , Yu Muxin , Sun Shanshan , Li Ming‐De , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Yaobing 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA covalent organic framework integrating naphthalenediimide and triphenylamine units (NT‐COF) is presented. Two‐dimensional porous nanosheets are packed with a high specific surface area of 1276 m2 g−1. Photo/electrochemical measurements reveal the ultrahigh efficient intramolecular charge transfer from the TPA to the NDI and the highly reversible electrochemical reaction in NT‐COF. There is a synergetic effect in NT‐COF between the reversible electrochemical reaction and intramolecular charge transfer with enhanced solar energy efficiency and an accelerated electrochemical reaction. This synergetic mechanism provides the key basis for direct solar‐to‐electrochemical energy conversion/storage. With the NT‐COF as the cathode materials, a solar Li‐ion battery is realized with decreased charge voltage (by 0.5 V), increased discharge voltage (by 0.5 V), and extra 38.7 % battery efficiency.
Alkyl Chain Introduction: In Situ Solar‐Renewable Colorful Organic Mechanoluminescence Materials
Authors: Li Wenlang , Huang Qiuyi , Mao Zhu , Li Qi , Jiang Long , Xie Zongliang , Xu Rui , Yang Zhiyong , Zhao Juan , Yu Tao , Zhang Yi , Aldred Matthew P. , Chi Zhenguo 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) materials are environmentally friendly and emit light by utilizing mechanical energy. This has been utilized in light sources, displays, bioimaging, and advanced sensors. Organic ML materials are strongly limited to application by in situ unrepeatable ML. Now, in situ solar‐renewable organic ML materials can be formed by introducing a soft alkyl chain into an ML unit. For the first time, the ML from these polycrystalline thin films can be iteratively produced by simply recrystallizing the fractured crystal in situ after a contactless exposure to sunlight within a short time (≤60 s). Additionally, their ML color and lifetime can be also easily tuned by doping with organic luminescent dyes. Therefore, large‐area sandwich‐type organic ML devices can be fabricated, which can be repeatedly used in a colorful piezo‐display, visual handwriting monitor, and sensitive optical sensor, showing a lowest pressure threshold for ML of about 5 kPa.
Oesophagectomy with or without supraclavicular lymphadenectomy after neoadjuvant treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus
Authors: Mine S , Watanabe M , Kumagai K , Okamura A , Yamashita K , Hayami M , Yuda M , Imamura Y , Ishizuka N 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Treatment of supraclavicular nodes remains controversial among patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This study assessed the outcomes of patients who underwent oesophagectomy with or without supraclavicular lymphadenectomy after neoadjuvant treatment.

Methods
This was a single-centre retrospective cohort study. Patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma and clinically negative supraclavicular nodes who underwent oesophagectomy after neoadjuvant treatment between January 2005 and December 2015 were included. Overall and relapse-free survival were compared between patients who did or did not undergo supraclavicular nodal dissection. Propensity score matching was used to correct for differences in prognostic factors between the groups.

Results
Some 223 patients underwent supraclavicular lymphadenectomy. The prevalence of pathologically confirmed supraclavicular metastasis was 10·3 per cent, and these patients had poor 5-year relapse-free (7 per cent) and overall (14 per cent) survival. Only two of 55 patients who did not undergo supraclavicular lymphadenectomy had recurrent disease in the supraclavicular region without distant metastasis. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in relapse-free survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0·95, 95 per cent c.i. 0·61 to 1·47; P = 0·821) or overall survival (HR 0·86, 0·52 to 1·40; P = 0·544). Similarly, no significant difference in relapse-free or overall survival was observed between the propensity score-matched groups.

Conclusion
For patients with clinically negative supraclavicular lymph nodes, prophylactic supraclavicular lymphadenectomy may be omitted when neoadjuvant treatment is administered.