bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translation quality research
Authors: Akbari Alireza 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Recently, there is a growing interest in the development of translation quality research programmes at different stages worldwide. Scholars and researchers have paid much attention to the quality of translation; however, there is a dearth of meta-analyses of studies and research in the field of translation quality research. In fact there has been no systematic review since 2000. The purpose of the current research paper is to design translation quality research through the construction of a database of 14 peer-reviewed journal publications during the period 2000 to 2017. A combination of thematic and methodological analyses, scientometric methods, and corpus tool were applied to analyse the extracted database. Also, top-down and bottom-up procedures were conducted to minimise the subjectivity of thematic analysis. The present research scrutinised the extracted database on the basis of four main criteria, namely theoretical importance, pertinence to empirical and non-empirical research, the size of readership, and geographical coverage including institutions and countries. Finally, this database aims at serving as a resource for researchers and scholars to become familiar with the most cutting edge information on developments in translation quality research, challenges within this field, and the possible trajectories for future research.
Negation in Singapore English
Authors: Cao Luwen , Bao Zhiming 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Singapore English is a new variety of English that has developed unique grammatical characteristics due to contact with the heritage languages of Singapore, especially Chinese. In this paper, we document the morphosyntax of negation in Singapore English, using data culled from available databases, including the Singaporean component of the International Corpus of English. There is little doubt that the negation system is inherited from English, but there is strong Chinese influence in the interaction between negation and aspect, and between negation and quantification. Other features of negation will also be described, including the novel use of no and no need, also due to Chinese influence.
Cross-linguistic negation contrasts in co-convergent contact languages
Authors: Slomanson Peter 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Sri Lankan contact Malay (SLM) and Portuguese (SLP) share sprachbund-discordant features, including pre-verbal functional markers for TMA and negation. Yet their negation strategies also differ. In SLM, negation morphology is a diagnostic for the finiteness status of verbs. SLP verbs are contrastively negated, based on aspectual (not tense/finiteness) contrasts, and participles in adjunct clauses have distinctive non-finite negation. SLM marks finiteness status on matrix auxiliaries in a biclausal periphrastic construction. In the SLP construction, auxiliary and participle cannot be independently negated and the auxiliary cannot be separated from the verbal complex, arguing against biclausal status. SLM marks negative polarity in quantified nominal constituents, but has no negative concord, whereas SLP has negative concord, but relatively little negative polarity marking.
Modes of analysis
Authors: Krishnamurthy Ramesh 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Throughout history, the study of language has involved looking for units, their patterns of combination, the functions they serve, and the processes involved; and construing the relationships between these features and the meanings which arise from them. Developments in technology inevitably revolutionise ideas, innovate methods, and transform the fields in which they are implemented. So, just as the invention and development of writing systems, and the advent of printing, did in the distant past, computers have had a similarly revolutionary effect on linguistics in recent decades. This paper looks at some of the ways in which corpus linguistics has used the latest technologies to embark on a substantial re-investigation and re-appraisal of the elements of language, their roles within the language system, and their relationships within the wider social context of human beings, their environments, and their activities. The structuring of the paper owes much to recent retrospection, but the pieces of research consist mainly of my early explorations of corpus linguistics, hence ‘auto (self) + ergo (work) + graphy (description)’ in the title.
Keywords
Authors: Baker Paul 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This chapter focuses on describing, illustrating and critiquing the keywords technique, which is used to automatically identify lexical salience when comparing multiple corpora. Arguably, keywords present researchers with words that they may not have chosen to analyse in advance, thus helping to reduce researcher subjectivity.1 I illustrate how the identification of keywords enables researchers to embark on interesting research journeys, through examples taken from an analysis of the representation of Islam and Muslims in a corpus of British newspaper articles. However, when using large corpora, even with high cut-off points for statistical salience, hundreds of keywords may be produced, meaning that researchers need to make decisions regarding which words are worthy of detailed focus. The chapter ends with an illustrative analysis where I revisit six of my own keyword studies, arguing that researchers should consider the benefits of giving a more reflexive account of their own decision making procedures around keywords.
Tracking the third code
Authors: Granger Sylviane 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Corpus-driven methods are a powerful heuristic for identifying features of translated language, particularly phraseological features, which have been largely neglected in crosslinguistic studies. This chapter presents the results of an n-gram based study of metadiscursive markers in original and translated English. Automatic comparison of three- to four-word recurrent sequences in the two corpora reveals a series of markers that are significantly overused or underused in translated language. One category of overused bundles, i.e. markers of contrast, is analysed in the light of translation universals and source language effects. In a wider perspective, the study highlights the benefits of a multi-corpus empirical basis for corpus-based crosslinguistic studies and draws the preliminary contours of a methodological framework, ‘Contrastive Translation Analysis’, which integrates comparable, translation and learner corpus data.
Our Drinking Problem: Recovery and Bad Aesthetics
Authors: Travis Trysh 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBoth the lived experience and the literature of twelve-step recovery resist the ethics and aesthetics of distance, irony, and authorial agency that hallmark modernism and postmodernism. As a result, authors (and sophisticated readers) with substance abuse problems have often struggled to align their ideas of literary value with recovery’s focus on simplicity and earnestness. Neil Steinberg and Sara Bader’s Out of this Wreck I Rise: A Literary Companion to Recovery (2016) is a compendium of inspiring quotations that acknowledges and seeks to offer a way around this problem. Leslie Jamison’s The Recovering: Life after Intoxication (2018) blends the author’s personal recovery narrative with a literary historical attempt to explain it.
Estimation of high-dimensional directed acyclic graphs with surrogate intervention
Authors: Ha Min Jin , Sun Wei 
Published: November 2018

Summary
Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) have been used to describe causal relationships between variables. The standard method for determining such relations uses interventional data. For complex systems with high-dimensional data, however, such interventional data are often not available. Therefore, it is desirable to estimate causal structure from observational data without subjecting variables to interventions. Observational data can be used to estimate the skeleton of a DAG and the directions of a limited number of edges. We develop a Bayesian framework to estimate a DAG using surrogate interventional data, where the interventions are applied to a set of external variables, and thus such interventions are considered to be surrogate interventions on the variables of interest. Our work is motivated by expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) studies, where the variables of interest are the expression of genes, the external variables are DNA variations, and interventions are applied to DNA variants during the process of a randomly selected DNA allele being passed to a child from either parent. Our method, surrogate intervention recovery of a DAG ($\texttt{sirDAG}$), first constructs a DAG skeleton using penalized regressions and the subsequent partial correlation tests, and then estimates the posterior probabilities of all the edge directions after incorporating DNA variant data. We demonstrate the utilities of $\texttt{sirDAG}$ by simulation and an application to an eQTL study for 550 breast cancer patients.
The Effect of Preexisting Immunity on Virus Detection and Immune Responses in a Phase II, Randomized Trial of a Russian-Backbone, Live, Attenuated Influenza Vaccine in Bangladeshi Children
Authors: Brickley Elizabeth B , Wright Peter F , Khalenkov Alexey , Neuzil Kathleen M , Ortiz Justin R , Rudenko Larisa , Levine Min Z , Katz Jacqueline M , Brooks W Abdullah 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
In a 2012 Phase II clinical trial, 300 Bangladeshi children aged 24 to 59 months with no prior influenza vaccine exposure were randomized to receive a single intranasally-administered dose of either trivalent, Russian-backbone, live, attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) or placebo. Protocol-defined analyses, presented in the companion manuscript, demonstrate decreased viral detection and immunogenicity for A/H1N1pdm09, relative to the A/H3N2 and B strains. This post hoc analysis of the trial data aims to investigate the LAIV strain differences by testing the hypothesis that preexisting humoral and mucosal immunity may influence viral recovery and immune responses after LAIV receipt.

Methods
We used logistic regressions to evaluate the relations between markers of preexisting immunity (ie, hemagglutination inhibition [HAI], microneutralization, and immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A (both serum and mucosal antibodies) and LAIV viral recovery in the week post-vaccination. We then tested for potential effect modification by baseline HAI titers (ie, <10 versus ≥10) and week 1 viral recovery on the LAIV-induced serum and mucosal immune responses, measured between days 0 and 21 post-vaccination.

Results
Higher levels of preexisting immunity to influenza A/H3N2 and B were strongly associated with strain-specific prevention of viral shedding upon LAIV receipt. While evidence of LAIV immunogenicity was observed for all 3 strains, the magnitudes of immune responses were most pronounced in children with no evidence of preexisting HAI and in those with detectable virus.

Conclusions
The results provide evidence for a bidirectional association between viral replication and immunity, and underscore the importance of accounting for preexisting immunity when evaluating virologic and immunologic responses to LAIVs.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT01625689.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis in Infants With Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in the Canadian Respiratory Syncytial Virus Evaluation Study of Palivizumab, 2005–2017
Authors: Kim Doyoung , Saleem Mahwesh , Paes Bosco , Mitchell Ian , Lanctôt Krista L 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are at an increased risk of respiratory morbidity from recurrent respiratory tract infections including those from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Prospective studies on RSV prophylaxis in CDH infants are limited. We determined the risk of respiratory illness– and RSV-related hospitalizations (RIH and RSVH, respectively) among infants prophylaxed for CDH, standard indications (SIs) and those without increased risk (NR).

Methods
The prospective Canadian Respiratory Syncytial Virus Evaluation Study of Palivizumab (CARESS) registry was searched for infants who received palivizumab during 12 RSV seasons (2005–2017) in Canada. Cox proportional hazards analyses were conducted to compare RIH and RSVH risks across the groups adjusted for potential confounders.

Results
In total, 21 107 infants (201 CDH, 389 NR, and 20 517 SI) were included. RIH incidences were 10.0% (CDH), 2.1% (NR), and 6.2% (SI). CDH patients had a significantly higher RIH hazard compared with NR (hazard ratio [HR], 3.6 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.5–8.8]; P = .005) but not SI (HR, 1.2 [95% CI, .8–2.0]; P = .379). RSVH incidences were 0.6%, 0.3%, and 1.5% for CDH, NR, and SI, respectively. RSVH risk was similar across groups (SI: HR, 0.0, P = .922; NR: HR, 0.0, P = .934).

Conclusions
CDH infants had a 3-fold increased risk of RIH compared to NR but not SI infants. RSVH risk was similar with low RSVH incidences across all groups, implying that CDH infants may benefit from palivizumab during the RSV season, similar to other high-risk groups.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT00420966.
Efficacy and Safety of Ascending Dosages of Tribendimidine Against Hookworm Infections in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Coulibaly Jean T , Hiroshige Noemi , N’Gbesso Yves K , Hattendorf Jan , Keiser Jennifer 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
The global strategy to control soil-transmitted helminthiasis is mainly focused on preventive chemotherapy with albendazole and mebendazole. We assessed the efficacy and safety of ascending tribendimidine doses against hookworm infections in African school-aged children, key information for the development of tribendimidine.

Methods
We performed a single blind, randomized, controlled trial in Côte d’Ivoire between June and August 2017. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to placebo, 100, 200, or 400 mg tribendimidine. Cure rates (CRs, primary outcome) and egg reduction rates (ERRs) were determined 14–21 days after treatment. Clinical symptoms were assessed before treatment and adverse events monitored 3 and 24 hours posttreatment.

Results
CRs calculated for 130 children dose-dependently increased. The observed CRs were 20.6% (7/34), 21.2% (7/33), 38.7% (12/31), and 53.1% (17/32) for placebo, 100, 200, and 400 mg of tribendimidine, respectively. The Emax model predicted a placebo corrected net effect of 34.3 percentage points (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.3–54.4) for the 400-mg tribendimidine dose. The ERRs (geometric mean) were 30.6% (95% CI, −24.7 to 64.1), 65.4% (95% CI, 24.5–85.9), 82.1% (95% CI, 58.4–92.5) and 92.2% (95% CI, 81.0–97.1) for placebo, 100, 200, and 400 mg tribendimidine, respectively. The Emax model predicted an ERR of 95% at 500 mg. Only mild adverse events and no abnormal biochemical parameters were observed.

Conclusion
A 400-mg dose of tribendimidine yielded the highest efficacy and was well tolerated. Because children were mostly lightly infected, further investigations with tribendimidine against moderate/heavy hookworm infection are needed.

Clinical Trials Registration
The trial is registered at www.isrctn.com number ISRCTN81391471.
A Genome-wide Association Study Identifying RAP1A as a Novel Susceptibility Gene for Crohn’s Disease in Japanese Individuals
Authors: Kakuta Yoichi , Kawai Yosuke , Naito Takeo , Hirano Atsushi , Umeno Junji , Fuyuno Yuta , Liu Zhenqiu , Li Dalin , Nakano Takeru , Izumiyama Yasuhiro , Ichikawa Ryo , Okamoto Daisuke , Nagai Hiroshi , Matsumoto Shin , Yamamoto Katsutoshi , Yokoyama Naonobu , Chiba Hirofumi , Shimoyama Yusuke , Onodera Motoyuki , Moroi Rintaro , Kuroha Masatake , Kanazawa Yoshitake , Kimura Tomoya , Shiga Hisashi , Endo Katsuya , Negoro Kenichi , Yasuda Jun , Esaki Motohiro , Tokunaga Katsushi , Nakamura Minoru , Matsumoto Takayuki , McGovern Dermot P B , Nagasaki Masao , Kinouchi Yoshitaka , Shimosegawa Tooru , Masamune Atsushi 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background and Aims
Genome-wide association studies [GWASs] of European populations have identified numerous susceptibility loci for Crohn’s disease [CD]. Susceptibility genes differ by ethnicity, however, so GWASs specific for Asian populations are required. This study aimed to clarify the Japanese-specific genetic background for CD by a GWAS using the Japonica array [JPA] and subsequent imputation with the 1KJPN reference panel.

Methods
Two independent Japanese case/control sets (Tohoku region [379 CD patients, 1621 controls] and Kyushu region [334 CD patients, 462 controls]) were included. GWASs were performed separately for each population, followed by a meta-analysis. Two additional replication sets [254 + 516 CD patients and 287 + 565 controls] were analysed for top hit single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] from novel genomic regions.

Results
Genotype data of 4 335 144 SNPs from 713 Japanese CD patients and 2083 controls were analysed. SNPs located in TNFSF15 (rs78898421, Pmeta = 2.59 × 10−26, odds ratio [OR] = 2.10), HLA-DQB1 [rs184950714, pmeta = 3.56 × 10−19, OR = 2.05], ZNF365, and 4p14 loci were significantly associated with CD in Japanese individuals. Replication analyses were performed for four novel candidate loci [p &lt;1 × 10−6], and rs488200 located upstream of RAP1A was significantly associated with CD [pcombined = 4.36 × 10−8, OR = 1.31]. Transcriptome analysis of CD4+ effector memory T cells from lamina propria mononuclear cells of CD patients revealed a significant association of rs488200 with RAP1A expression.

Conclusions
RAP1A is a novel susceptibility locus for CD in the Japanese population.
Prediction of individual life-years gained without cardiovascular events from lipid, blood pressure, glucose, and aspirin treatment based on data of more than 500 000 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Berkelmans Gijs F N , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Visseren Frank L J , Wild Sarah H , Franzen Stefan , Chalmers John , Davis Barry R , Poulter Neil R , Spijkerman Annemieke M , Woodward Mark , Pressel Sara L , Gupta Ajay K , van der Schouw Yvonne T , Svensson Ann-Marie , van der Graaf Yolanda , Read Stephanie H , Eliasson Bjorn , Dorresteijn Jannick A N 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Aims
Although group-level effectiveness of lipid, blood pressure, glucose, and aspirin treatment for prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been proven by trials, important differences in absolute effectiveness exist between individuals. We aim to develop and validate a prediction tool for individualizing lifelong CVD prevention in people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) predicting life-years gained without myocardial infarction or stroke.

Methods and results
We developed and validated the Diabetes Lifetime-perspective prediction (DIAL) model, consisting of two complementary competing risk adjusted Cox proportional hazards functions using data from people with T2DM registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Registry (n = 389 366). Competing outcomes were (i) CVD events (vascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke) and (ii) non-vascular mortality. Predictors were age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, haemoglobin A1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate, non- high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, albuminuria, T2DM duration, insulin treatment, and history of CVD. External validation was performed using data from the ADVANCE, ACCORD, ASCOT and ALLHAT-LLT-trials, the SMART and EPIC-NL cohorts, and the Scottish diabetes register (total n = 197 785). Predicted and observed CVD-free survival showed good agreement in all validation sets. C-statistics for prediction of CVD were 0.83 (95% confidence interval: 0.83–0.84) and 0.64–0.65 for internal and external validation, respectively. We provide an interactive calculator at www.U-Prevent.com that combines model predictions with relative treatment effects from trials to predict individual benefit from preventive treatment.

Conclusion
Cardiovascular disease-free life expectancy and effects of lifelong prevention in terms of CVD-free life-years gained can be estimated for people with T2DM using readily available clinical characteristics. Predictions of individual-level treatment effects facilitate translation of trial results to individual patients.
Risk of hospital readmission and associated factors after a positive sample for a multidrug-resistant microorganism
Authors: Sentís Alexis , González Cristina , Montero Maria , Herranz Milagros , Hidalgo Carlota , Campà Cristina , Sala Maria , Macià Francesc , Román Marta , Prats-Uribe Albert , Horcajada Juan Pablo , Castells Xavier 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Background
To determine the risk of hospital readmission and associated factors in patients with a positive sample for multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MRM) and to analyze whether there is a higher risk of hospital readmission with some of the more common MRM.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study (2012–16) performed in a tertiary-care teaching hospital in Barcelona. Patients were divided into two groups, depending on the presence or absence of an MRM-positive sample during hospital admission. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the risk of hospital readmission in the first 30 and 90 days, and the first year for patients with an MRM-positive sample compared with those without. The models were stratified by the presence or absence of an MRM-positive sample and by grouped Charlson comorbidity index.

Results
We included 983 patients with an MRM-positive sample and 39 323 patients without. The risk of hospital readmission in the first 30 days was 41% higher in admitted patients with an MRM-positive sample (95%CI=1.17 to 1.69) than in those without. Stratified models showed similar results to the overall results for all Charlson comorbidity index groups. When the models were stratified by the presence of an MRM-positive sample, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus showed the highest risk of readmissions within the more common MRM [103% (95%CI=1.10 to 3.75)].

Conclusion
MRMs seem to be an important risk factor for hospital readmissions both among patients with and without comorbidities. Specific types of MRM may represent a higher risk for hospital readmissions than other MRMs, depending on the particular environment or hospital.
Exploring diversity in expert knowledge: variation in local ecological knowledge of Alaskan recreational and subsistence fishers
Authors: Chan Maggie N , Beaudreau Anne H , Loring Philip A 
Published: November 2018

AbstractLocal ecological knowledge (LEK) of resource users is a valuable source of information about environmental trends and conditions. However, many factors influence how people perceive their environment and it may be important to identify sources of variation in LEK when using it to understand ecological change. This study examined variation in LEK arising from differences in people’s experience in the environment. From 2014 to 2016, we conducted 98 semi-structured interviews with subsistence fishers and recreational charter captains in four Alaskan coastal communities to document LEK of seven fish species. Fishers observed declines in fish abundance and body size, though the patterns varied among species, regions, and fishery sectors. Overall, subsistence harvesters provided a longer-term view of abundance changes compared with charter captains. Regression analyses indicated that the extent of people’s fishing areas and their years of fishing experience were relatively important factors in explaining variation in fishers’ perceptions of fish abundance. When taken together, perspectives from fishers in multiple regions and sectors can provide a more complete picture of changes in nearshore fish populations than any source alone. These findings underscore the importance of including people with different types of expertise in local knowledge studies designed to document environmental change.