bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head‐of‐line blocking avoidance in Slim Fly networks using deadlock‐free non‐minimal and adaptive routing
Authors: Yébenes Pedro , Escudero‐Sahuquillo Jesus ,  García Pedro J. , Quiles Francisco J. , Hoefler Torsten 
Published: February 2018

SummaryInterconnection network performance is a key issue in HPC systems and datacenters, especially as their number of end nodes grows, to cope with application needs. The network topology and the routing algorithm are important factors for performance and cost. Topologies such as fat‐tree or Dragonfly were proposed to maximize network performance while reducing network resources. One of the most promising topologies is Slim Fly, which offers high network bandwidth assuring low network diameter. However, adversarial traffic and/or congestion situations may degrade Slim Fly's performance dramatically. Non‐minimal routings, such as Valiant or UGAL, can mitigate the former problem while queuing schemes can handle the latter one. In this paper, we proposed a combined mechanism to provide Slim Fly network with both non‐minimal routing and queuing schemes by using several virtual networks to guarantee deadlock freedom. Each virtual network consists of a set of virtual channels to store packets separately according to a mapping policy. This diminishes the interaction among traffic flows, thus reducing head‐of‐line blocking. The results obtained from a simulation‐based evaluation show that our proposal enhances the performance in all the traffic cases, in contrast to other mechanisms whose performance drops in certain scenarios.
Molecular analyses of two bacterial sampling methods in ligature‐induced periodontitis in rats
Authors: Fontana Carla Raquel , Grecco Clovis , Bagnato Vanderlei Salvador , de Freitas Laura Marise , Boussios Constantinos I. , Soukos Nikolaos S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe prevalence profile of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque can vary as a function of the detection method; however, the sampling technique may also play a role in determining dental plaque microbial profiles. We sought to determine the bacterial composition comparing two sampling methods, one well stablished and a new one proposed here. In this study, a ligature‐induced periodontitis model was used in 30 rats. Twenty‐seven days later, ligatures were removed and microbiological samples were obtained directly from the ligatures as well as from the periodontal pockets using absorbent paper points. Microbial analysis was performed using DNA probes to a panel of 40 periodontal species in the checkerboard assay. The bacterial composition patterns were similar for both sampling methods. However, detection levels for all species were markedly higher for ligatures compared with paper points. Ligature samples provided more bacterial counts than paper points, suggesting that the technique for induction of periodontitis could also be applied for sampling in rats. Our findings may be helpful in designing studies of induced periodontal disease‐associated microbiota.
Heart failure: a weak link in CHA2DS2‐VASc
Authors: Friberg Leif , Lund Lars H. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAimsIn atrial fibrillation, stroke risk is assessed by the CHA2DS2‐VASc score. Heart failure is included in CHA2DS2‐VASc, but the rationale is uncertain. Our objective was to test if heart failure is a risk factor for stroke, independent of other risk factors in CHA2DS2‐VASc.Methods and resultsWe studied 300 839 patients with atrial fibrillation in the Swedish Patient Register 2005–11. Three definitions of heart failure were used in order to assess the robustness of the results. In the main analysis, heart failure was defined by a hospital discharge diagnosis of heart failure as first or second diagnosis and a filled prescription of a diuretic within 3 months before index + 30 days. The second definition counted first or second discharge diagnoses <1 year before index + 30 days and the third definition any heart failure diagnosis in open or hospital care before index + 30 days. Associations with outcomes were assessed with multivariable Cox analyses. Patients with heart failure were older (80.5 vs. 74.0 years, P < 0.001) and had higher CHA2DS2‐VASc score (4.4 vs. 2.7, P < 0.001). The 1 year incidence of ischaemic stroke without warfarin was 4.4% with heart failure and 3.1% without. Adjustment for the cofactors in CHA2DS2‐VASc eradicated the difference in stroke risk between patients with and without heart failure (hazard ratio 1.01 with 95% confidence interval 0.96–1.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for CHA2DS2‐VASc was not improved by points for heart failure.ConclusionsA clinical diagnosis of heart failure was not an independent risk factor for stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, which may have implications for anticoagulation management.
Storage Stability of DHA in Enriched Liquid Eggs
Authors: Klensporf‐Pawlik Dorota , Aladedunye Felix , Przybylski Roman 
Published: February 2018

The oxidative stability of liquid eggs enriched with very long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids and liquid regular eggs stored under refrigerated temperature, is investigated. Oxidized lipids can alter both nutritional and sensorial properties of foods. The extent of lipid oxidation is evaluated by quantification of total lipids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and peroxide value (PV), but also by assessment of total tocopherols and γ‐tocopherol losses. Additionally, the development of fishy off‐flavor is evaluated. Results highlight significant differences between omega and regular liquid eggs stability. Although, the oxidative changes are observed in both types of liquid eggs, more susceptible to oxidation are omega liquid eggs.Practical Applications: Food enrichment with essential nutrients contributes to human health by providing the proper intake of essential nutrients. The results of this study suggest that fortification of eggs with highly unsaturated fatty acids should be in conjunction with the addition of natural antioxidants to retard undergoing oxidative changes.Liquid omega eggs are, unfortunately, more susceptible to oxidation than regular liquid eggs under simulated long time storage. The high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids improved their nutrition value but at the same time these products are less stable and unfavorable changes are more prominent. Therefore, the very long chain fatty acids in liquid omega eggs should be protected from undergoing deterioration. Although, the liquid omega eggs samples are stored at refrigerated temperature, significant changes are observed. The storage period led to a modification of the odor of liquid omega eggs, the increase in the fishy odor intensity is noticeable. And for the consumer, off‐flavor is generally the first factor which will make the product unacceptable.
Spatial trends in a biomagnifying contaminant: Application of amino acid compound–specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis to the interpretation of bird mercury levels
Authors: Dolgova Svetlana , Popp Brian N. , Courtoreille Kevin , Espie Richard H.M. , Maclean Bruce , McMaster Mark , Straka Jason R. , Tetreault Gerald R. , Wilkie Steve , Hebert Craig E. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Levels of biomagnifying contaminants are greatest in high–trophic level biota (e.g., predatory birds such as gulls). Gull eggs have been used to assess contaminant spatial patterns and sources, but such assessments must consider how organism trophic position may influence spatial inferences. Stable nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) in bulk tissue are routinely used in this context. However, bulk δ15N values are only useful if spatial differences in baseline δ15N values are considered. Amino acid compound–specific stable nitrogen isotope analysis can generate estimates of baseline δ15N values and trophic position from the same sample. In the present study, eggs (n = 428) of California (Larus californicus), herring (Larus argentatus smithsonianus), and ring-billed (Larus delawarensis) gulls were used to assess spatial patterns in mercury (Hg) availability in 12 western Canadian lakes located over 14 degrees of latitude, with amino acid compound–specific stable isotope analysis adjustment of egg Hg levels for trophic position. Mean trophic position–adjusted egg Hg levels (micrograms per gram, dry wt) were greatest at sites in receiving waters of the Athabasca River (X¯ = 0.70) compared to southern (X¯ = 0.39) and northern (X¯ = 0.50) regions. Research is required to investigate factors (e.g., local Hg released as a result of human activities, processes influencing Hg methylation) which may be responsible for greater Hg availability in the lower Athabasca River basin. However, it is clear that amino acid compound–specific stable isotope analysis is a valuable tool for assessing contaminant spatial patterns. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1466–1475. © 2018 SETAC
Abstract
Augmented upwind numerical schemes for the groundwater transport advection‐dispersion equation with local operators
Authors: Allwright A. , Atangana A. 
Published: February 2018

SummaryWhen solute transport is advection‐dominated, the advection‐dispersion equation approximates to a hyperbolic‐type partial differential equation, and finite difference and finite element numerical approximation methods become prone to artificial oscillations. The upwind scheme serves to correct these responses to produce a more realistic solution. The upwind scheme is reviewed and then applied to the advection‐dispersion equation with local operators for the first‐order upwinding numerical approximation scheme. The traditional explicit and implicit schemes, as well as the Crank‐Nicolson scheme, are developed and analyzed for numerical stability to form a comparison base. Two new numerical approximation schemes are then proposed, namely, upwind–Crank‐Nicolson scheme, where only for the advection term is applied, and weighted upwind‐downwind scheme. These newly developed schemes are analyzed for numerical stability and compared to the traditional schemes. It was found that an upwind–Crank‐Nicolson scheme is appropriate if the Crank‐Nicolson scheme is only applied to the advection term of the advection‐dispersion equation. Furthermore, the proposed explicit weighted upwind‐downwind finite difference numerical scheme is an improvement on the traditional explicit first‐order upwind scheme, whereas the implicit weighted first‐order upwind‐downwind finite difference numerical scheme is stable under all assumptions when the appropriate weighting factor (θ) is assigned.
Physicochemical evaluation of sausages prepared by lantern fish (Benthosema pterotum) protein isolate
Authors: Moosavi‐Nasab Marzieh , Mohammadi Rezvan , Oliyaei Najme 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to show how sausages produced with lantern fish (Benthosema pterotum) protein isolate at two levels 4% (sample A) and 2% (sample B), and then, the physicochemical and sensory properties of sausages (A and B) were determined during the storage (14, 30, and 60 days) at 4°C. Firstly, fish protein isolate (FPI) prepared at alkaline pH (12). It was found that the acidic value, peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of sausages increased during the storage. The highest level of TBA value was found at the second month of storage as 0.51 mg malonaldehyde/kg. The PV and acidic value reached to 9.45 meq/kg and 4.82 at the end of storage, respectively. Moreover, the stiffness, adherence, and springiness were assessed by texture profile analysis which was found sausages containing FPI had stronger texture and structure compared to control sample. The SDS–PAGE analysis identified the proteins from 15.4 to 202.3 kDa, which exhibit no major differences in protein patterns of two types of sausages. Furthermore, sensory evaluation diagnostic was carried out in terms of the sensory attributes such as texture, flavor, odor, color, and overall acceptability, and the results indicated the greatest overall acceptability in samples containing 2% FPI.
TBM tunnelling under the Suez Canal – Port Said tunnels in challenging ground conditions
Authors: Rizos Dimitrios , Williams Derek , Fouda Ahmed , Amin Tarek , Aboudshiesh Mohamed , Nicola Anis Dimitry 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe Port Said Tunnels Project consists of twin road tunnels crossing the Suez Canal with a planned capacity of 2,100 mixed vehicles/hour in each direction. The dual carriageway tunnels are an important part of the Suez Canal Region Development Plan, which will connect the Sinai with other Egyptian provinces to provide a gateway for investment opportunities and speed up the development of Sinai province. The project is located 19 km south of Port Said city, near the northern entrance of the Suez Canal. The tunnels are constructed using slurry shield TBMs in difficult ground conditions, including the presence of methane gas. This paper demonstrates the main challenges encountered during tunnelling and the measures taken to mitigate potential risks during construction and to control long‐term differential settlements in the upper, very soft soil. The tunnels are connected by two cross passages which are being constructed using ground freezing and conventional tunnelling.
Intestinal T‐cell lymphoma with enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma‐like features arising in the setting of adult autoimmune enteropathy
Authors: Ciccocioppo Rachele , Croci Giorgio A. , Biagi Federico , Vanoli Alessandro , Alvisi Costanza , Cavenaghi Giorgio , Riboni Roberta , Arra Mariarosa , Gobbi Paolo G. , Paulli Marco , Corazza Gino R. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractEnteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma is regarded as a dismal, late complication of coeliac disease, though a single case of T‐cell lymphoma with such features arising in the setting of autoimmune enteropathy of the adult has been reported to date. We aim to describe the case of a 41‐year‐old woman complaining of severe malabsorption syndrome, who was diagnosed with autoimmune enteropathy based on the presence of flat intestinal mucosa unresponsive to any dietary restriction and positivity for enterocyte autoantibodies. Steroid therapy led to a complete recovery of both mucosal and clinical findings over 12 years, when disease relapse was accompanied by the appearance of monoclonal rearrangement of T‐cell receptor‐γ and peculiar T‐cell phenotypic abnormalities, leading to a rapid transition to an overt T‐cell lymphoma with features of the enteropathy‐associated subtype. Despite intensive treatment, the patient developed cerebral metastasis and died 9 months later. Our case enhances the concept of enteropathy‐associated T‐cell lymphoma as a disease that may arise in the setting of enteropathies other than coeliac disease, thus representing a heterogeneous entity. Moreover, our observations support the need of a close follow‐up of these patients, coupled with comprehensive characterization of mucosal biopsies.
“Zweckoptimismus” and the Paris process will not save the world from climate catastrophe
Authors: Clémençon Raymond 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Politicians, government officials, business representatives, and nongovernmental climate activists all in various ways emphasize what they see as progress being made in the aftermath of the Paris Agreement, even if they continue to warn of the dire consequences of business as usual. Indeed, there is no lack of encouraging private and public sector initiatives on climate change. Some macro trends seem to be moving in the right direction, as well. But, closer scrutiny shows that these positive trends are still far from adding up to the necessary fundamental shift in the global energy economy. Furthermore, the public may greatly overestimate the advancement of renewable solar and wind energy technology, which contributes to a false sense of progress and lessens political urgency. Without determined and reinvigorated political leadership from the European Union (EU), there is little hope that necessary emission reduction goals to stay below 2 °C above preindustrial levels can be met. The EU has driven international climate policy from the beginning of climate negotiations, and there is unfortunately no other source of leadership in sight. It will require difficult political decisions to be taken sooner rather than later to force a much quicker domestic energy transition and to raise financing to help developing countries with their own energy transition and adaptation to a rapidly warming world. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:198–201. © 2018 SETAC

Key Points
The Paris Agreement is a noteworthy achievement compared with languishing international negotiations in other areas, but its only legally binding provision is a commitment to a process to review and revise the adequacy of the voluntary nationally determined commitments. By the end of 2016, solar and wind contributed only about 1% of the world's total primary energy consumption and 5.5% of the world's total electricity consumption, significantly below public perception. A massive mobilization of resources is needed to help developing countries leapfrog into the green energy transition and grow their economies sustainably.
J-Shaped Association Between Postoperative Levothyroxine Dosage and Fracture Risk in Thyroid Cancer Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Suh Beomseok , Lim Hyunsun , Yun Jae Moon , Song Sun Ok , Park Youngmin 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Long-term administration of supraphysiologic dosages of levothyroxine can have detrimental effect on the bone. We aimed to investigate fracture incidence among post-thyroidectomy thyroid cancer patients compared with a matched comparison group, and explore the association between levothyroxine dosage and fracture risk. From the Korean National Health Insurance database, virtually all thyroid cancer patients who received thyroidectomy in Korea from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2012 were included. Matched subjects were selected by 1:1 propensity score matching. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to determine relative risk of osteoporotic fracture. Of 185,956 thyroid cancer patients identified, fracture events were observed in 1096 subjects (0.56%) over a mean 4.35 years of follow-up. Compared to the matched comparison group, thyroid cancer patients had no elevated risk of osteoporotic fracture (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.12); however, the highest dosage group (≥170 μg/day) showed significantly higher risk (HR 1.25; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.45), while the second quartile dosage group (115-144 μg/day) showed lower risk (HR 0.71; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.84) compared to a matched comparison group. When the second quartile dosage group was considered as reference, increased fracture risk was observed in those who took either lower (first quartile: adjusted HR 1.31; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.59) or higher dosage of levothyroxine (third quartile: adjusted HR 1.50; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.79; fourth quartile: adjusted HR 1.79; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.13). Thyroid cancer patients were more likely to be treated with osteoporosis medication (HR 1.22; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.26) than the matched comparison group. Both high and low dosage of levothyroxine treatment was associated with a higher risk for fractures in a J-shaped dose-dependent manner in post-thyroidectomy patients. Future studies are needed to determine how to optimize thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression and how to screen and manage fracture risk. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Navigating the First Semester: An Exploration of Short‐Term Changes in Motivational Beliefs Among Engineering Undergraduates
Authors: Snyder Kate E. , Barr Sebastian M. , Honken Nora B. , Pittard Caroline M. , Ralston Patricia A. S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe first semester in undergraduate engineering is often challenging for students, making this a potentially fruitful time period for exploring motivational changes and relations between motivational beliefs and achievement.Purpose/HypothesisThe purpose of the current study was to examine changes in implicit beliefs about intelligence and effort beliefs across the first semester of undergraduate engineering education, to investigate how these beliefs may contribute to first‐semester achievement, and to explore changes in students’ perceptions of the relative contributions of effort and ability/intelligence to grades.Design/MethodData from first‐time, full‐time engineering undergraduates at a large Midwestern university were collected at Weeks 1 and 13 of the first semester. Analyses were replicated across two cohorts (2013 and 2014).ResultsOn average, students entered and ended the semester with relatively incremental and positive effort beliefs. Surprisingly, incremental beliefs did not predict grade point average (GPA). Positive effort beliefs were associated with GPA in both cohorts. Findings regarding the role that perceived effort plays in achievement were replicated across cohorts. The average trajectory was as follows: at Week 1, students perceived that ability/intelligence was the primary contributor to high school achievement but anticipated that effort would play a greater role in undergraduate coursework; at Week 13, students on average reflected that the role of effort was less than originally anticipated.ConclusionAlthough implicit beliefs about intelligence and effort beliefs remained fairly stable across the first semester, students in both cohorts exhibited similar shifts in perceptions of the importance of effort (relative to ability/intelligence) for academic success.
Application of nanoperlite as a new natural sorbent in the preconcentration of three organophosphorus pesticides by microextraction in packed syringe coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
Authors: Taghani Abdollah , Goudarzi Nasser , Bagherian Ghadam Ali , Arab Chamjangali Mansour , Amin Amir Hossein 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA rapid, low‐cost, and simple method is proposed based on a miniaturized solid‐phase extraction named microextraction in packed syringe coupled with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry for the preconcentration and determination of some organophosphorous pesticides including diazinon, ethion, and malathion. For the first time, natural nanoperlite is used as a safe sorbent. Based on this technique, the analytes are adsorbed on the solid phase and then eluted by a desorbing solvent. The influence of some important parameters such as the solution pH, type, and volume of the organic desorption solvent on the microextraction efficiency of the selected pesticide technique is investigated. The proposed method showed a good linearity in the range of 1.0–35.0 μg/L for ethion and 0.4–30.0 μg/L for both diazinon and malathion. The limits of detection in the range of 0.1–0.38 μg/L were obtained using the selected ion‐monitoring mode of the mass spectrometer. The reproducibility of the method was found to be in the range of 2.8–8.9% for the studied pesticides. To evaluate the matrix effect, the developed method is also applied to the preconcentration and determination of the selected pesticides in real water samples.