bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confirmed Observation: A North American Green Sturgeon Acipenser medirostris Recorded in the Stanislaus River, California
Authors: Anderson Jesse T. , Schumer Gregg , Anders Paul J. , Horvath Kyle , Merz Joseph E. 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Two sturgeon species are native to the San Francisco Estuary watershed in California: White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus and North American Green Sturgeon Acipenser medirostris. The San Francisco Estuary has two main tributaries, the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers. Recent studies have shown that the San Joaquin River is used by Green and White Sturgeon and that at least a small number of White Sturgeon spawn there when environmental conditions allow. However, records of Green Sturgeon in the San Joaquin River and its tributaries are rare and limited to information from angler report cards. In 2006, the National Marine Fisheries Service listed the southern distinct population segment of North American Green Sturgeon as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. Federally designated critical habitat for the southern distinct population segment of Green Sturgeon does not extend upstream of the San Joaquin River's confluence with the Stanislaus River. We recently confirmed an adult Green Sturgeon holding in a deep pool near Knights Ferry, California in the Stanislaus River. We observed and recorded the fish using a GoPro® video camera and used environmental deoxyribonucleic acid sampling techniques to confirm species identification. This paper provides the first confirmed record of Green Sturgeon in any tributary of the San Joaquin River, which is beyond the designated critical habitat area. Future well-designed research focused on the San Joaquin River and its tributaries is expected to improve our understanding regarding the importance of these rivers for the various life stages of North American Green Sturgeon.
Oxidant Signaling Mediated by Nox2 in Neutrophils Promotes Regenerative Myelopoiesis and Tissue Recovery following Ischemic Damage
Authors: Fang Milie M. , Barman Pijus K. , Thiruppathi Muthusamy , Mirza Rita E. , McKinney Ronald D. , Deng Jing , Christman John W. , Du Xiaoping , Fukai Tohru , Ennis William J. , Koh Timothy J. , Ushio-Fukai Masuko , Urao Norifumi 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Ischemic tissue damage activates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow (BM)-generating myeloid cells, and persistent HSPC activity may drive chronic inflammation and impair tissue recovery. Although increased reactive oxygen species in the BM regulate HSPC functions, their roles in myelopoiesis of activated HSPCs and subsequent tissue recovery during ischemic damage are not well understood. In this paper, we report that deletion of Nox2 NADPH oxidase in mice results in persistent elevations in BM HSPC activity and levels of inflammatory monocytes/macrophages in BM and ischemic tissue in a model of hindlimb ischemia. Ischemic tissue damage induces oxidants in BM such as elevations of hydrogen peroxide and oxidized phospholipids, which activate redox-sensitive Lyn kinase in a Nox2-dependent manner. Moreover, during tissue recovery after ischemic injury, this Nox2-ROS–Lyn kinase axis is induced by Nox2 in neutrophils that home to the BM, which inhibits HSPC activity and inflammatory monocyte generation and promotes tissue regeneration after ischemic damage. Thus, oxidant signaling in the BM mediated by Nox2 in neutrophils regulates myelopoiesis of HSPCs to promote regeneration of damaged tissue.
Intermittent turbulence contributes to vertical dispersion of PM2.5 in the North China Plain: cases from Tianjin
Authors: Wei Wei , Zhang Hongsheng , Wu Bingui , Huang Yongxiang , Cai Xuhui , Song Yu , Li Jianduo 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Heavy particulate pollution events have frequently occurred in the North China Plain over the past decades. Due to high emissions and poor dispersion conditions, issues are becoming increasingly serious during cold seasons. Although early studies have explored some potential reasons for air pollution, there are few works focusing on the effects of intermittent turbulence. This paper draws upon two typical PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 mm) pollution cases from the winter of 2016–2017. After several days of gradual accumulation, the concentration of PM2.5 near the surface reached the maximum as a combined result of strong inversion layer, stagnant wind, and high ambient humidity and then sharply decreased to a very low level within a few hours. In order to identify the strength of turbulent intermittency, an effective index, called the intermittency factor (IF), was proposed by this work. The results show that the turbulence is very weak during the cumulative stage due to the suppression by strongly stratified layers, while for the stage of dispersion, the turbulence is highly intermittent and not locally generated. The vertical structure of turbulence and wind profiles confirms the generation and downward transport of intermittent turbulence associated with low-level jets. The intermittent turbulent fluxes contribute positively to the vertical transport of particulate matter and improve the air quality near the surface. This work has demonstrated a possible mechanism of how intermittent turbulence affects the dispersion of particulate matter.
Fast plasma sheet flows and X line motion in the Earth's magnetotail: results from a global hybrid-Vlasov simulation
Authors: Juusola Liisa , Hoilijoki Sanni , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Ganse Urs , Jarvinen Riku , Battarbee Markus , Kilpua Emilia , Turc Lucile , Palmroth Minna 
Published: September 2018

Abstract. Fast plasma flows produced as outflow jets from reconnection sites or X lines
are a key feature of the dynamics in the Earth's magnetosphere. We have used
a polar plane simulation of the hybrid-Vlasov model Vlasiator, driven by
steady southward interplanetary magnetic field and fast solar wind, to study
fast plasma sheet ion flows and related magnetic field structures in the
Earth's magnetotail. In the simulation, lobe reconnection starts to produce
fast flows after the increasing pressure in the lobes has caused the plasma
sheet to thin sufficiently. The characteristics of the earthward and tailward
fast flows and embedded magnetic field structures produced by multi-point
tail reconnection are in general agreement with spacecraft measurements
reported in the literature. The structuring of the flows is caused by
internal processes: interactions between major X points determine the
earthward or tailward direction of the flow, while interactions between minor
X points, associated with leading edges of magnetic islands carried by the
flow, induce local minima and maxima in the flow speed. Earthward moving
flows are stopped and diverted duskward in an oscillatory (bouncing) manner
at the transition region between tail-like and dipolar magnetic fields.
Increasing and decreasing dynamic pressure of the flows causes the transition
region to shift earthward and tailward, respectively. The leading edge of the
train of earthward flow bursts is associated with an earthward propagating
dipolarization front, while the leading edge of the train of tailward flow
bursts is associated with a tailward propagating plasmoid. The impact of the
dipolarization front with the dipole field causes magnetic field variations
in the Pi2 range. Major X points can move either earthward or tailward,
although tailward motion is more common. They are generally not advected by
the ambient flow. Instead, their velocity is better described by local
parameters, such that an X point moves in the direction of increasing
reconnection electric field strength. Our results indicate that ion kinetics
might be sufficient to describe the behavior of plasma sheet bulk ion flows
produced by tail reconnection in global near-Earth simulations. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (magnetospheric configuration and dynamics; plasma sheet) – space plasma physics (numerical simulation studies)
Influencia del Compromiso Organizacional sobre el Aprendizaje Organizacional de los docentes de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional “Francisco Morazán”
Authors: Santos Flores Elizabeth , Ochoa Cervantez Dani Oved 
Published: September 2018

Este documento muestra los resultados de la investigación realizada en la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional “Francisco Morazán” para determinar la influencia del Compromiso Organizacional sobre el Aprendizaje Organizacional. La muestra fue de 118 docentes de la sede de Tegucigalpa. Para medir las variables se utilizaron el cuestionario diseñado por Watkins y Marsick y la escala propuesta por Allen y Meyer. La confiabilidad del instrumento se determinó con el coeficiente Alfa de Cronbach, obteniendo 0.912 para la variable Aprendizaje Organizacional y 0.832 para Compromiso Organizacional. Se estableció el coeficiente de determinación de Pearson para medir el efecto de la variable independiente sobre la ependiente, encontrando: r= 0.718y R2 de 0.516 a un valor p =000<α: 0.05. Los hallazgos sugieren que los docentes comprometidos con la institución contribuyen con los procesos de transformación de la misma y les conduce a aprender y mejorar su capacidad para hacer cosas nuevas.
The Contribution of Audit Committees in the Reduction of the Liquidity Risk Levels in the Jordanian Commercial Banks
Authors: Al-Hajaia Mohammad , Hashem Firas 
Published: September 2018

This study aimed to identify the extent of the audit committees&rsquo; contribution in the reduction of the liquidity risk levels in the Jordanian commercial banks. The current study also aimed to identify whether there are any statistically significant differences between the extent of the audit committees&rsquo; contribution in the reduction of the liquidity risk levels in the Jordanian commercial banks that can be attributed to the auditor&rsquo;s years of experience and academic qualification. As for the population of the current study, it consisted of all the internal auditors working in the Jordanian commercial banks. As for the sample, it consisted of forty (40) internal auditors working in Jordanian commercial banks.

The Researcher has concluded the following results:

&nbsp;Audit committees participate in reducing the liquidity risk levels in the Jordanian commercial banks.
There are statistically significant differences between the extent of the audit committees&rsquo; contribution in the reducing the liquidity risk levels in the Jordanian commercial banks which can be attributed to the auditor&rsquo;s experience.
There are no statistically significant differences between the extent of the audit committees&rsquo; contribution in the reduction of the liquidity risk levels in the Jordanian commercial banks which can be attributed to the auditor&rsquo;s academic qualification.

The researcher has suggested the following recommendations:

The researcher of the current study recommended providing more attention to developing the work performance of internal auditors in the Jordanian commercial banks. That shall be done in the aim of raising the accuracy and reliability of the financial statements they make.
The researcher of the current study recommended encouraging internal auditors to comply with the principles of accuracy and reliability in their financial statements in Jordanian commercial banks. The researcher also recommended promoting this to be their dominant way of thinking
The researcher of the current study recommended developing the internal auditors&rsquo; performance in using the advanced information systems. That shall be done in the aim of raising the accuracy and reliability of their financial statements to reduce the liquidity risk levels.

The researcher of the current study recommended conducting more studies about the same matter with applying them on other sectors.
An integrated platform for intuitive mathematical programming modeling using LaTeX
Authors: Triantafyllidis Charalampos P. , Papageorgiou Lazaros G. 
Published: September 2018

This paper presents a novel prototype platform that uses the same LaTeX mark-up language, commonly used to typeset mathematical content, as an input language for modeling optimization problems of various classes. The platform converts the LaTeX model into a formal Algebraic Modeling Language (AML) representation based on Pyomo through a parsing engine written in Python and solves by either via NEOS server or locally installed solvers, using a friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI). The distinct advantages of our approach can be summarized in (i) simplification and speed-up of the model design and development process (ii) non-commercial character (iii) cross-platform support (iv) easier typo and logic error detection in the description of the models and (v) minimization of working knowledge of programming and AMLs to perform mathematical programming modeling. Overall, this is a presentation of a complete workable scheme on using LaTeX for mathematical programming modeling which assists in furthering our ability to reproduce and replicate scientific work.
Effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape features on mule deer harvest in Nebraska
Authors: O’Connor Bryan J. , Fryda Nicolas J. , Ranglack Dustin H. 
Published: September 2018

Understanding the habitat use of wildlife species is important for effective management. Nebraska has a variety of habitat types, with the majority being covered by rangeland and cropland. These habitat types likely influence the harvest of mule deer (MD; Odocoileus hemionus) in Nebraska, but their specific effects are unknown, and moreover, harvest may also be influenced by the accessibility of deer habitats for hunters. We modeled which environmental and anthropogenic landscape features influenced harvest densities. Spatial analysis in a Geographic Information System was used to determine the mean values of environmental and anthropogenic landscape features at the county level. We then used a generalized linear model to determine which of those factors influenced MD harvest from 2014–2016. We found that NDVI amplitude, hunter effort, road density, terrain roughness, and canopy cover influence MD harvest in Nebraska. According to our model, MD harvest densities are significantly greater areas with NDVI amplitude ∼38, increasing hunter effort, road densities near 1,750 m/km2, increasing terrain roughness, and decreasing canopy cover. Understanding increased harvest densities of MD can be beneficial for wildlife managers, allowing for more efficient allocation of efforts and expenses by managers for population management.
Tunable Assembly of Protein‐Microdomains in Living Vertebrate Embryos
Authors: Li Zhe , Tyrpak David R. , Lien Ching‐Ling , MacKay John Andrew 
Published: September 2018

AbstractSubcellular events such as trafficking and signaling are regulated by self‐assembled protein complexes inside the cell. The ability to rapidly and reversibly manipulate these protein complexes would likely enhance studies of their mechanisms and their roles in biological function and disease manifestation. This paper reports that thermally responsive elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) linked to fluorescent proteins can regulate the self‐assembly and disassembly of protein microdomains within the individual cells of zebrafish embryos. By exploring a library of fluorescent ELP proteins, this report demonstrates that ELPs can coassemble different fluorescent proteins inside of embryos. By tuning ELP length and sequence, fluorescent protein microdomains can be assembled at different temperatures, in varying sizes, or for desired periods of time. For the first time in a multicellular living embryo, these studies demonstrate that temperature‐mediated ELP assembly can reversibly manipulate assembly of subcellular protein complexes, which may have applications in the study and manipulation of in vivo biological functions.
Protein‐Engineered Biomaterials for Cancer Theranostics
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Wang Chao , Liu Zhuang 
Published: September 2018

AbstractProteins are an important class of biomaterials promising a variety of applications such as drug delivery, and imaging or therapy, owing to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, as well as inherent biological activities acting as enzymes, recognizing molecules, or therapeutics by themselves. Over the few past decades, different types of proteins with desired properties have been widely explored for biomedical applications. Many therapeutic proteins have now entered clinical use. This review therefore summarizes various strategies in the engineering of biomaterials for delivery of therapeutic proteins, as well as the recent development of protein‐based biomaterials for cancer theranostics.
Recent Progress in Solid‐State Nanopores
Authors: Lee Kidan , Park Kyeong‐Beom , Kim Hyung‐Jun , Yu Jae‐Seok , Chae Hongsik , Kim Hyun‐Mi , Kim Ki‐Bum 
Published: September 2018

AbstractThe solid‐state nanopore has attracted much attention as a next‐generation DNA sequencing tool or a single‐molecule biosensor platform with its high sensitivity of biomolecule detection. The platform has advantages of processability, robustness of the device, and flexibility in the nanopore dimensions as compared with the protein nanopore, but with the limitation of insufficient spatial and temporal resolution to be utilized in DNA sequencing. Here, the fundamental principles of the solid‐state nanopore are summarized to illustrate the novelty of the device, and improvements in the performance of the platform in terms of device fabrication are explained. The efforts to reduce the electrical noise of solid‐state nanopore devices, and thus to enhance the sensitivity of detection, are presented along with detailed descriptions of the noise properties of the solid‐state nanopore. Applications of 2D materials including graphene, h‐BN, and MoS2 as a nanopore membrane to enhance the spatial resolution of nanopore detection, and organic coatings on the nanopore membranes for the addition of chemical functionality to the nanopore are summarized. Finally, the recently reported applications of the solid‐state nanopore are categorized and described according to the target biomolecules: DNA‐bound proteins, modified DNA structures, proteins, and protein oligomers.
Clarification of the Molecular Doping Mechanism in Organic Single‐Crystalline Semiconductors and their Application in Color‐Tunable Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Ding Ran , Wang Xue‐Peng , Feng Jing , Li Xian‐Bin , Dong Feng‐Xi , Tian Wei‐Quan , Du Jia‐Ren , Fang Hong‐Hua , Wang Hai‐Yu , Yamao Takeshi , Hotta Shu , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: September 2018

AbstractOrganic single‐crystalline semiconductors with long‐range periodic order have attracted much attention for potential applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their high carrier mobility, highly thermal stability, and low impurity content. Molecular doping has been proposed as a valuable strategy for improving the performance of organic semiconductors and semiconductor‐based devices. However, a fundamental understanding of the inherent doping mechanism is still a key challenge impeding its practical application. In this study, solid evidence for the “perfect” substitutional doping mechanism of the stacking mode between the guest and host molecules in organic single‐crystalline semiconductors using polarized photoluminescence spectrum measurements and first‐principles calculations is provided. The molecular host–guest doping is further exploited for efficient color‐tunable and even white organic single‐crystal‐based light‐emitting devices by controlling the doping concentration. The clarification of the molecular doping mechanism in organic single‐crystalline semiconductor host–guest system paves the way for their practical application in high‐performance electronic and optoelectronic devices.
Plasmonic Chirality and Circular Dichroism in Bioassembled and Nonbiological Systems: Theoretical Background and Recent Progress
Authors: Kong Xiang‐Tian , Besteiro Lucas V. , Wang Zhiming , Govorov Alexander O. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractNature is chiral, thus chirality is a key concept required to understand a multitude of systems in physics, chemistry, and biology. The field of optics offers valuable tools to probe the chirality of nanosystems, including the measurement of circular dichroism, the differential interaction strength between matter and circularly polarized light with opposite helicity. Simultaneously, the use of plasmonic systems with giant light‐interaction cross‐sections opens new paths to investigate and manipulate systems on the nanoscale. Consequently, the interest in chiral plasmonic and hybrid systems has continually grown in recent years, due to their potential applications in biosensing, polarization‐encoded optical communication, polarization‐selective chemical reactions, and materials with polarization‐dependent light–matter interaction. Experimentally, chiral properties of nanostructures can be either created artificially using modern fabrication techniques involving inorganic materials, or borrowed from nature using bioassembly or biomolecular templating. Herein, the recent progress in the field of plasmonic chirality is summarized, with a focus on both the theoretical background and the experimental advances in the study of chirality in various systems, including molecular‐plasmonic assemblies, chiral plasmonic nanostructures, chiral assemblies of interacting plasmonic nanoparticles, and chiral metal metasurfaces and metamaterials. The growth prospects of this field are also discussed.
Design of Highly Efficient Thermoelectric Materials: Tailoring Reciprocal‐Space Properties by Real‐Space Modification
Authors: Zhu Hao , Xiao Chong , Xie Yi 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAlthough restricted by the poor performance at present, thermoelectric materials for power‐generation devices and solid‐state Peltier coolers still possess unlimited vitality, thus capturing considerable attention. Understanding and manipulating the electrical and thermal transport mechanisms in thermoelectrics play significant roles in tailoring the properties of various thermoelectric materials. The transport behavior of electrons and phonons are closely related to the chemical composition and structure, which are defined in real space. Meanwhile, transport properties are also contingent on the band structure and phonon spectrum, both of which are represented in the reciprocal‐space first Brillouin zone. Real space and reciprocal space are bridged by the Fourier transform, and the combination of real‐space and reciprocal‐space properties will provide more possibilities for regulating transport characteristics. Herein, a compendious discussion of the internal connection between real space and reciprocal space, and the underlying physics and chemistry is presented. Then, how the relationship between real and reciprocal space provides additional insights to govern electrical and thermal transport parameters is elaborated upon, thereby enabling the discovery and optimization of thermoelectric materials. In conclusion, specific challenges and feasible directions are discussed.
Josephson Effect in a Few‐Hole Quantum Dot
Authors: Ridderbos Joost , Brauns Matthias , Shen Jie , de Vries Folkert K. , Li Ang , Bakkers Erik P. A. M. , Brinkman Alexander , Zwanenburg Floris A. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractA Ge–Si core–shell nanowire is used to realize a Josephson field‐effect transistor with highly transparent contacts to superconducting leads. By changing the electric field, access to two distinct regimes, not combined before in a single device, is gained: in the accumulation mode the device is highly transparent and the supercurrent is carried by multiple subbands, while near depletion, the supercurrent is carried by single‐particle levels of a strongly coupled quantum dot operating in the few‐hole regime. These results establish Ge–Si nanowires as an important platform for hybrid superconductor–semiconductor physics and Majorana fermions.