bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social inclusion of landless farmers in extension services in delta state, Nigeria: implications for agricultural development
Authors: Ofuoku Albert Ukaro , Ekorhi-Robinson Oluwaseun Ijeoma 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This study considered the level of inclusion of landless farmers in extension services in Delta State, Nigeria. A sample size of 355 landless farmers who were randomly selected formed the respondents used for this study. The results show that they had a mean age of 45 years and were mostly females who were also mostly married with little level of formal education as their highest level of formal education was secondary education. They had a mean household size of 7 persons and average farming experience of 11.5 years with mean farm size of 2 ha and very many of them did not subscribe to farmer’s groups. They were mostly (70.70%) indigenes of the communities where they resided. Their level of social inclusion in agricultural extension benefits was poor (inclusion index = 0.45). They had an average crop output of 9000kg annually. Their level of social inclusion in agricultural extension services influenced their level of outputs. Their level of social inclusion was significantly influenced by their socioeconomic attributes of age, gender, marital status, and level of formal education, household size, farming experiences, group membership and indigene status. It was concluded that the landless farmers were socially excluded from agricultural extension services. It is recommended that extension agents should change their attitudes towards this class of farmers; and extension agents should persuasively convince the farmers to subscribe to membership of their relevant farmers’ groups
NanoSiO2 strengthens and toughens epoxy resin/basalt fiber composites by acting as a nano-mediator
Authors: Li Xi , Li Guoming , Su Xiaohong 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
A new type of material was prepared by modifying epoxy/basalt fiber composites with nanoSiO2. Mechanical tests showed that the nanoSiO2-modified epoxy/basalt fiber composites displayed significant improvement over the unmodified epoxy/basalt fiber composites in interlaminar shear strength and notch impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nanoSiO2 was homogeneously dispersed in the epoxy matrix and adsorbed large numbers of epoxy molecules onto the surface. Many of the nanoSiO2-epoxy complexes tightly surrounded basalt fibers to form transition layers. Therefore, nanoSiO2 can act as a nano-mediator to promote epoxy molecules to infiltrate between and bind to basalt fibers, which enhances the synergistic cooperation between epoxy and basalt fibers in resisting external forces. This study indicates that modification with nanoSiO2 is an effective pathway to improve the performance of epoxy/basalt fiber composites and broaden their application fields.
Zebrafish as a translational regeneration model to study the activation of neural stem cells and role of their environment
Authors: Ceci Marcello , Mariano Vittoria , Romano Nicla 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe review is an overview of the current knowledge of neuronal regeneration properties in mammals and fish. The ability to regenerate the damaged parts of the nervous tissue has been demonstrated in all vertebrates. Notably, fish and amphibians have the highest capacity for neurogenesis, whereas reptiles and birds are able to only regenerate specific regions of the brain, while mammals have reduced capacity for neurogenesis. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a promising model of study because lesions in the brain or complete cross-section of the spinal cord are followed by an effective neuro-regeneration that successfully restores the motor function. In the brain and the spinal cord of zebrafish, stem cell activity is always able to re-activate the molecular programs required for central nervous system regeneration. In mammals, traumatic brain injuries are followed by reduced neurogenesis and poor axonal regeneration, often insufficient to functionally restore the nervous tissue, while spinal injuries are not repaired at all. The environment that surrounds the stem cell niche constituted by connective tissue and stimulating factors, including pro-inflammation molecules, seems to be a determinant in triggering stem cell proliferation and/or the trans-differentiation of connective elements (mainly fibroblasts). Investigating and comparing the neuronal regeneration in zebrafish and mammals may lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms behind neurogenesis, and the failure of the regenerative response in mammals, first of all, the role of inflammation, considered the main inhibitor of the neuronal regeneration.
COD reduction of process wastewater with vacuum evaporation
Authors: Toth Andras Jozsef , Haaz Eniko , Szilagyi Botond , Nagy Tibor , Tarjani Ariella Janka , Fozer Daniel , Andre Anita , Valentinyi Nora , Solti Szabolcs , Mizsey Peter 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Washing detergents in process wastewaters from fine chemical industry produce high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), which poses a serious environmental problem. Method has to be found, which follows the principles of circular economy so that the treated water can be recycled or reused. Heat pump vacuum evaporator is evaluated in order to reduce the Chemical Oxygen Demand of process wastewater with washing detergent content from initial 7500 mg O2/L to a lower value below the effluent limit , which is 1000 mg O2/L. Yield and COD rejection are determined for the evaluation of selected treatment. Experiments are investigated with LED Italia R150-v3 pilot apparatus. Different evaporation pressures were applied during measurements. It The highest removal or reduction of in the Chemical Oxygen Demand was reached certainly using the lowest possible pressure, which is 40 mbar.
Properties of Cmc21-X2As2O (X = Si, Ge, and Sn) by First-Principles Calculations
Authors: Yang Ruike , Ma Yucan , Wei Qun , Zhang Dongyun 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
For the compounds Cmc21-X2As2O (X = Si, Ge, and Sn), the stabilities are verified by the elastic constants and the phonon dispersion spectra. The structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties are investigated by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For Cmc21-X2As2O, the mechanical strengths in the [100], [010], and [001] directions are studied. Young’s modulus for Cmc21-Ge2As2O is more anisotropic than that of Cmc21-Si2As2O and Cmc21-Sn2As2O. The band structures of Cmc21-Si2As2O and Cmc21-Sn2As2O show that they are indirect-bandgap semiconductors with bandgaps of 2.744 and 2.201 eV, by using the HSE06 hybrid functional. Cmc21-Ge2As2O is a direct narrow-bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap of 2.131 eV. The static dielectric constants of Cmc21-Si2As2O and Cmc21-Sn2As2O in the [001] direction are higher than those in the [100] and [010] directions. The static dielectric constant of Cmc21-Ge2As2O in the [001] direction is lower than those in the [100] and [010] directions.
Photoluminescence of Baltic amber
Authors: Vogler Arnd 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Baltic amber shows a greenish photoluminescence upon UV illumination. When amber is dissolved in organic solvents such as ethanol, an emission spectrum is observed, which resembles that of pyrene. At higher concentrations, pyrene undergoes an aggregation, which shifts the emission to longer wavelength. In solid amber, an analogous aggregation apparently takes place. Depending on the size of the solid amber particles, a bluish (λ
max=450 nm) to greenish (λ
max=480 nm) luminescence appears.
Total Number of Sets as a Training Volume Quantification Method for Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Baz-Valle Eneko , Fontes-Villalba Maelán , Santos-Concejero Jordan 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Baz-Valle, E, Fontes-Villalba, M, and Santos-Concejero, J. Total number of sets as a training volume quantification method for muscle hypertrophy: A systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 35(3): 870–878, 2021—This review aimed to determine whether assessing the total number of sets is a valid method to quantify training volume in the context of hypertrophy training. A literature search on 2 databases (PubMed and Scopus) was conducted on May 18, 2018. After analyzing 2,585 resultant articles, studies were included if they met the following criteria: (a) studies were randomized controlled trials, (b) studies compared the total number of sets, repetition range, or training frequency, (c) interventions lasted at least 6 weeks, (d) subjects had a minimum of 1 year of resistance training experience, (e) subjects' age ranged from 18 to 35 years, (f) studies reported morphologic changes through direct or indirect assessment methods, (g) studies involved subjects with no known medical conditions, and (h) studies were published in peer-reviewed journals. Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. According to the results of this review, the total number of sets to failure, or near to, seems to be an adequate method to quantify training volume when the repetition range lies between 6 and 20+ if all the other variables are kept constant. This approach requires further development to assess whether specific numbers of sets are key to inducing optimal muscle gains.
Self-Compacting Pervious Concrete Mix Design for Permeable Concrete Soakaway Rings
Authors: Lund M. S. M. , Hansen K. K. , Jensen A. H. , Mølgaard E. , Madsen P. K. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPermeable concrete soakaways store surface rainwater and let it seep slowly into the soil. This minimizes the risk of flooding, which is an increasingly larger problem because of climate change causing heavier and heavier rainfalls. In the present study, a self-compacting pervious concrete mix design is developed to use for permeable soakaway rings. A self-compacting mix design ensures a more uniform void distribution throughout the soakaway ring compared to the use of a conventional stiff pervious concrete mix design. The study is divided into two main parts: laboratory testing, in which the influence of the casting height on the void distribution is also considered, and full-scale casting of a 2.25-m-high pervious concrete soakaway ring. The overall conclusion is that a successful self-compacting pervious concrete mix design was developed by carefully balancing the use of a superplasticizer and stabilizer. Thereby, it was also possible to perform a successful full-scale casting.
Bond-Dependent Coefficient of Helically Wrapped Sand-Coated Glass Fiber–Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Bars
Authors: Henin Eliya , Morcous George 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Serviceability limit states require that cracking of reinforced concrete members be controlled for appearance, leaking, and durability requirements. The calculation of crack width in glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP)-reinforced concrete flexural members is dependent on many factors, such as concrete cover, bar spacing, bar tensile stress, and bond-dependent coefficient (kb), which accounts for the bar surface condition. This article presents the determination of the bond-dependent coefficient (kb) for helically wrapped sand-coated deformed GFRP bars. A total of six beams were fabricated and tested for three different diameters of GFRP bars: #4 (13 mm), #6 (19 mm), and #8 (25 mm). The calculated values were compared against the proposed values according to ACI 440.1R, Guide for the Design and Construction of Structural Concrete Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars, and CAN/CSA S806, Design and Construction of Building Structures with Fibre-Reinforced Polymers. The average kb value of the tested GFRP bars was found to be 1, which indicates similar bond behavior to deformed steel bars. Also, the kb values proposed in ACI 440.1R overestimate crack width, while kb values proposed in CAN/CSA S806 are close to the ones obtained from the tested GFRP bars.
From the Field to the Lab: Real Scale Assessment of Stresses in Welded Components
Authors: Kromm Arne , Lausch Thomas , Schröpfer Dirk , Dixneit Jonny , Hannemann Andreas , Kannengiesser Thomas 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Residual stresses are crucial when assessing the performance of welded components. The present work deals with the possibilities of transferring the real-life boundary conditions of welding, which influence the residual stress, into the laboratory. The possibilities of a test system specifically developed for this purpose, with a maximum capacity of 2 MN, are shown, because the structural design, global process, geometry, and material-dependent stresses are induced, which can be simulated and quantified within the system. Additionally, X-ray diffraction can be applied to determine the resulting local stress distribution precisely with high spatial resolution. Two examples are presented to show how the conditions to be found during production are simulated in the laboratory. It is shown how welding stresses in high-strength steels are affected by the heat control. It was possible to clarify why elevated working temperatures significantly increase the bending stresses in the welded joint and therefore the tensile stresses in the heat-affected zone. The effect of heat treatment applied under stresses resulting from welding is demonstrated by the example of a creep-resistant steel. Reheat cracking is significantly increased in this case, as compared to small-scale laboratory-based tests.
Effects of Austenitizing and Quenching Parameters on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Press Hardened WHT1500HF Steel
Authors: Hu Kuanhui , Zhou Guifeng , Liu Jing 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The effect of austenitizing temperature and the cooling rate during quenching on the microstructure and mechanical properties of press hardening steel were investigated. The as-quenched microstructure and prior austenite grain size were characterized by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tensile tests. The results showed that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength values were the highest and the formability index value was excellent for the water-quenched samples compared to the oil-quenched samples or the die-quenched samples. After quenching at different cooling rates, the microstructure was fully martensite, in which the martensite exhibited lath morphology. As the cooling rate increased, the martensite laths became finer and the martensite packets size decreased. The martensite laths for the specimens with the highest cooling rate were finer than for those of specimens with lower cooling rates, and there was a larger number of fine needle-like ϵ-Fe2C in the matrix of martensite laths. For the WHT1500HF steel, the optimum austenitizing temperature is 900°C, which resulted in a mean austenitic grain size of 9.4 μm. Therefore, the properties of the hot stamping steel can be improved through using an optimal austenitizing temperature and increasing the quenching rates by changing the physical die design.
Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesives: 6th Volume
Authors: White Christopher C. , Miyauchi Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2018

Description
Get 17 peer-reviewed papers in the sixth edition of this valuable book for the building industry.
Understanding sealant durability, and how long a sealant will perform, is critical to the built environment. ASTM building sealant standards are used globally in the development of commercial and multi-use buildings.
International authors from Germany, Japan, Hong Kong, and the United States present state-of-the-art research on the durability of structural and weatherproofing sealants and adhesives.
Topics include
Sponsored by ASTM Committee C24 on Building Seals and Sealants, this publication features papers that were presented at the Sixth Symposium on the Durability of Building and Construction Sealants and Adhesives held in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in June 2017.
GWAS with Heterogeneous Data: Estimating the Fraction of Phenotypic Variation Mediated by Gene Expression Data
Authors: Sasaki Eriko , Frommlet Florian , Nordborg Magnus 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIntermediate phenotypes such as gene expression values can be used to elucidate the mechanisms by which genetic variation causes phenotypic variation, but jointly analyzing such heterogeneous data are far from trivial. Here we extend a so-called mediation model to handle the confounding effects of genetic background, and use it to analyze flowering time variation in Arabidopsis thaliana, focusing in particular on the central role played by the key regulator FLOWERING TIME LOCUS C (FLC). FLC polymorphism and FLC expression are both strongly correlated with flowering time variation, but the effect of the former is only partly mediated through the latter. Furthermore, the latter also reflects genetic background effects. We demonstrate that it is possible to partition these effects, shedding light on the complex regulatory network that underlies flowering time variation.
Comparing and Contrasting the Effects of Drosophila Condensin II Subunit dCAP-D3 Overexpression and Depletion in Vivo
Authors: Deutschman Emily , Ward Jacqueline R , Ho-A-Lim Kimberly T , Alban Tyler J , Zhang Dongmei , Willard Belinda , Lemieux Madeleine E , Lathia Justin D , Longworth Michelle S 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The Condensin II complex plays important, conserved roles in genome organization throughout the cell cycle and in the regulation of gene expression. Previous studies have linked decreased Condensin II subunit expression with a variety of diseases. Here, we show that elevated levels of Condensin II subunits are detected in somatic cancers. To evaluate potential biological effects of elevated Condensin II levels, we overexpressed the Condensin II subunit, dCAP-D3 in Drosophila melanogaster larval tissues and examined the effects on the mitotic- and interphase-specific functions of Condensin II. Interestingly, while ubiquitous overexpression resulted in pupal lethality, tissue specific overexpression of dCAP-D3 caused formation of nucleoplasmic protein aggregates which slowed mitotic prophase progression, mimicking results observed when dCAP-D3 levels are depleted. Surprisingly, dCAP-D3 aggregate formation resulted in faster transitions from metaphase to anaphase. Overexpressed dCAP-D3 protein failed to precipitate other Condensin II subunits in nondividing tissues, but did cause changes to gene expression which occurred in a manner opposite of what was observed when dCAP-D3 levels were depleted in both dividing and nondividing tissues. Our findings show that altering dCAP-D3 levels in either direction has detrimental effects on mitotic timing, the regulation of gene expression, and organism development. Taken together, these data suggest that the different roles for Condensin II throughout the cell cycle may be independent of each other and/or that dCAP-D3 may possess functions that are separate from those involving its association with the Condensin II complex. If conserved, these findings could have implications for tumors harboring elevated CAP-D3 levels.
Reliability and Usability of a 7-Minute Chart Review Tool to Identify Pediatric Prehospital Adverse Safety Events
Authors: Eriksson Carl O. , Ovregaard Nicole , Hansen Matthew , Meckler Garth , Skarica Barbara , Guise Jeanne-Marie 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Although medical errors in the hospital are a recognized source of morbidity and mortality, less is known about safety events in the prehospital care of children. As part of a multiphase study, we developed and evaluated the reliability and usability of the pediatric prehospital safety event detection system (PEDS), a tool used to identify safety events in prehospital care.

METHODS:
The tool was based on hospital chart review tools, literature review, and results from focus groups and a national Delphi survey. After reviewer training, preliminary testing, and initial use, we refined the tool on the basis of data analysis and reviewer feedback. Thirty charts were randomly selected from our study population of pediatric transports with lights and sirens in Multnomah County, Oregon, and independently reviewed by 2 pediatric emergency physicians with experience in prehospital care to evaluate interrater reliability and time to completion of the final tool.

RESULTS:
The PEDS tool contains 36 items, takes reviewers a median of 7 minutes to complete (interquartile range: 4–12), and exists in both paper and electronic formats. When comparing the presence or absence of severe safety events between 2 expert arbiters, we found 87% agreement (κ = 0.68), indicating good agreement.

CONCLUSIONS:
The PEDS tool is the first chart review tool designed to identify safety events for children receiving prehospital care, and it displayed good usability and reliability in this study. With this tool, we provide a novel mechanism for researchers, clinicians, and prehospital care leaders to identify opportunities to improve care for children.
Assessment of Hospitalist-Subspecialist Agreement About Who Should Be in Charge and Comparison With Actual Assignment Practices
Authors: Krikorian Mariam L. , Growdon Amanda S. , Chien Alyna T. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUND:
A key juncture in patient hospitalization is determining which type of physician should be primarily responsible for directing treatment. We (1) examine the frequency hospitalists and subspecialists agree on preferred assignments and (2) compare preferred assignment with actual assignment.

METHODS:
Using a mixed methods approach, we first surveyed 66 physicians in 8 specialties about hospitalist assignments versus subspecialist assignments for 176 diagnoses at an academic children’s hospital. Agreement was calculated by using the interrater reliability coefficient, Pi. We subsequently compared survey responses to actual hospitalization data from January 2009 to August 2015.

RESULTS:
Specialty and physician response rates were 100% and 44%, respectively. For preferred assignment among hospitalists and specialists, some diagnoses (eg, gastroesophageal reflux, syncope) experienced high agreement (π = 0.714–1.000); other diagnoses (eg, Guillain-Barre, encephalopathy) had less agreement (π = 0.000–0.600). Hematologists and oncologists agreed among themselves most frequently (73%); endocrinologists agreed among themselves least frequently (9%). Perceptions of agreement were often higher than actual survey results. Of the 25 highest volume diagnoses, 7 were conditions with consensus (Pi ≥ 0.6) about assignment, and of those conditions, 6 were assigned to a subspecialist at least 50% of the time, although consensus indicated a hospitalist should have been assigned (1597 hospitalizations).

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first study used to analyze preferences of hospitalist-subspecialist assignment and show variation from actual practice. Although physicians assessed the same patient information, agreement on preferred assignment varied noticeably across diagnoses and subspecialties. With our results, we reveal potential challenges in integrating hospitalists with other specialists and provide evidence for standardizing certain aspects of physician roles.