bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SIRPα deficiency accelerates the pathologic process in models of Parkinson disease
Authors: Wang Jin , Ding Xin , Wu Xiangyu , Liu Jing , Zhou Rui , Wei Pingxuan , Zhang Qipeng , Zhang Chenyu , Zen Ke , Li Liang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMicroglia‐mediated neuroinflammation is a crucial pathophysiological contributor to several aging‐related neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). During the process of aging or stress, microglia undergoes several transcriptional and morphological changes that contribute to aberrant immunological responses, which is known as priming. Key molecules involved in the process, however, are not clearly defined. In the present study, we have demonstrated that level of microglial signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) decreased during aging or inflammatory challenge. Functional studies suggested that downregulation of SIRPα released the brake of inflammatory response in microglia, revealing an inhibitory effect of SIRPα in microglial activation. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of SIRPα downregulation in PD pathogenesis using both cell culture and animal models. Our results showed that SIRPα deficiency resulted in abnormal inflammatory response and phagocytic activity of microglia, which in turn, further accelerated degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in 1‐Methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine or lipopolysaccharides mice models. These results collectively demonstrate that dysregulation of SIRPα signaling in microglia during aging plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of age‐related neurological disorders such as PD.
Evaluation of the spatial variability in the major resting‐state networks across human brain functional atlases
Authors: Doucet Gaelle E. , Lee Won Hee , Frangou Sophia 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe human brain is intrinsically organized into resting‐state networks (RSNs). Currently, several human brain functional atlases are used to define the spatial constituents of these RSNs. However, there are significant concerns about interatlas variability. In response, we undertook a quantitative comparison of the five major RSNs (default mode [DMN], salience, central executive, sensorimotor, and visual networks) across currently available brain functional atlases (n = 6) in which we demonstrated that (a) similarity between atlases was modest and positively linked to the size of the sample used to construct them; (b) across atlases, spatial overlap among major RSNs ranged between 17 and 76% (mean = 39%), which resulted in variability in their functional connectivity; (c) lower order RSNs were generally spatially conserved across atlases; (d) among higher order RSNs, the DMN was the most conserved across atlases; and (e) voxel‐wise flexibility (i.e., the likelihood of a voxel to change network assignment across atlases) was high for subcortical regions and low for the sensory, motor and medial prefrontal cortices, and the precuneus. In order to facilitate RSN reproducibility in future studies, we provide a new freely available Consensual Atlas of REsting‐state Networks, based on the most reliable atlases.
Stepwise functional connectivity reveals altered sensory‐multimodal integration in medication‐naïve adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Pretus Clara , Marcos‐Vidal Luis , Martínez‐García Magdalena , Picado Marisol , Ramos‐Quiroga Josep Antoni , Richarte Vanesa , Castellanos Francisco X. , Sepulcre Jorge , Desco Manuel , Vilarroya Óscar , Carmona Susanna 
Published: July 2019

AbstractNeuroimaging studies indicate that children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) present alterations in several functional networks of the sensation‐to‐cognition spectrum. These alterations include functional overconnectivity within sensory regions and underconnectivity between sensory regions and neural hubs supporting higher order cognitive functions. Today, it is unknown whether this same pattern of alterations persists in adult patients with ADHD who had never been medicated for their condition. The aim of the present study was to assess whether medication‐naïve adults with ADHD presented alterations in functional networks of the sensation‐to‐cognition spectrum. Thirty‐one medication‐naïve adults with ADHD and twenty‐two healthy adults underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI). Stepwise functional connectivity (SFC) was used to characterize the pattern of functional connectivity between sensory seed regions and the rest of the brain at direct, short, intermediate, and long functional connectivity distances, thus covering the continuum from the sensory input to the neural hubs supporting higher order cognitive functions. As compared to controls, adults with ADHD presented increased SFC degree within primary sensory regions and decreased SFC degree between sensory seeds and higher order integration nodes. In addition, they exhibited decreased connectivity degree between sensory seeds and regions of the default‐mode network. Consistently, the higher the score in clinical severity scales the lower connectivity degree between seed regions and the default mode network.
Religious identity in the workplace: A systematic review, research agenda, and practical implications
Authors: Héliot YingFei , Gleibs Ilka H. , Coyle Adrian , Rousseau Denise M. , Rojon Céline 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of relevant literature to address how religious and occupational identities relate to each other in the workplace. We identified 53 relevant publications for analysis and synthesis. Studies addressed value differences associated with religion and occupation, identity tensions, unmet expectations, and the connection of religious identity to well‐being and work outcomes. Key variables in the connection between religious and occupational identities included personal preferences, the fit between religious identity and job‐related concerns, and the organization's policies, practices, and expectations. We highlight the personal and organizational consequences of being able to express religious identity at work and the conditions that promote high congruence between religious identity and its expression in the workplace. From these findings, we develop a research agenda and offer recommendations for management practice that focus on support for expression of religious identity at work while maintaining a broader climate of inclusion.
Effect of viscous dissipation on finding dual solutions for mixed convection boundary layer flow for nanofluid
Authors: Maji Srimanta , Sahu Akshaya K. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe effect of viscous dissipation on mixed convection boundary layer flow for Ag‐water nanofluid under steady‐state condition has been studied numerically for both the buoyancy assisting and opposing flows over a vertical semi‐infinite flat plate. A new co‐ordinate system has been introduced to transform the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) to facilitate the numerical calculations. Then, the local similarity method has been used for approximating the transformed PDEs to ordinary differential equations. Further, the quasi‐linearization method has been introduced to linearize the nonlinear equations and then numerical integration has been carried out using implicit trapezoidal rule along with the principle of superposition. For higher Pr, the coupled differential equations behave like stiff differential equations. To overcome the situation, orthonormalization process has been introduced. The effects of solid volume fraction of nanoparticles , the mixed convection parameter , Prandtl number , and Eckart number have been analyzed on the heat transfer and flow characteristics. It has been observed that the dual solutions are obtained for buoyancy opposing flow only and the range of dual solutions have become wider with the increases in . Further, nanofluids enhance the heat transfer process as compared to conventional heat transfer fluids . Moreover, the addition of viscous dissipation causes less heat transfer in the boundary.
Understanding the influence of librarians cognitive frames on institutional repository innovation and implementation
Authors: Utulu Samuel C. Avemaria , Ngwenyama Ojelanki 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAn institutional repository (IR) is an information system (IS) that has the potential to promote open access to scientific knowledge and the visibility and reputation of scholars. The small number of universities in developing countries that have successfully innovated and implemented an IR hampers the actualization of these benefits. This situation calls for effort toward understanding the factors responsible. We used the snowball sampling technique to select 45 academic librarians from three university libraries in Nigeria that were involved in IR innovation. Data were collected through in‐depth interviews and participatory observation for 15 months. Thematic data analyses show that the relationships between academic librarians' IR innovation cognitive frames (belief, scripts, and resistance routines) influence IR innovation outcomes. The result is a research model that explicates how the relationships between academic librarians' cognitive frames and internal functioning of libraries constitute IR innovation barriers to IR innovation and implementation.
MicroRNAs as potential therapeutic targets to predict responses to oxaliplatin in colorectal cancer: From basic evidence to therapeutic implication
Authors: Moradi Marjaneh Reyhaneh , Khazaei Majid , Ferns Gordon A. , Avan Amir , Aghaee‐Bakhtiari Seyed Hamid 
Published: July 2019

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies with poor prognosis. Oxaliplatin‐based chemotherapy is an important treatment for CRC; however, the cells develop resistance to therapy. The mechanisms underlying oxaliplatin resistance are complex and unclear. There is increasing evidence that microRNAs (miRNAs) (i.e., miR‐34a, miR‐143, miR‐153, miR‐27a, miR‐218, and miR‐520) play an essential role in tumorigenesis and chemotherapy resistance, by targeting various cellular and molecular pathways (i.e., PI3K/Akt/Wnt, EMT, p53, p21, and ATM) that are involved in the pathogenesis of CRC. Identifying the miRNAs that are involved in chemo‐resistance, and their function, may help as a potential therapeutic option for treatment of CRC or as potential prognostic biomarker. Here, we summarized the clinical impact of miRNAs that have critical roles in the development of resistance to oxaliplatin in CRC.
Emerging roles of exosomal miRNAs in breast cancer drug resistance
Authors: Najminejad Hamid , Kalantar Seyed Mehdi , Abdollahpour‐Alitappeh Meghdad , Karimi Mohammad Hossein , Seifalian Alexander M. , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Sheikhha Mohammad Hasan 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTBreast cancer (BC), as a heterogeneous disease, is considered as one of the most common malignancies in women worldwide. The resistance of BC cells to therapeutic agents has remained a big challenge in the treatment of BC patients. Some factors such as cytokines, exosomes, and soluble receptors were recognized as crucial agents involved in the development of drug resistance. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the drug resistance is still unknown. There is growing evidence to support the emerging roles of exosomes, especially exosomal miRNAs, in tumor initiation, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, identification of BC‐specific exosomal miRNAs and their underlying mechanisms would be helpful to define sensitivity to therapeutic drugs and establish an appropriate therapeutic strategy. This review focuses mainly on the roles of exosomal miRNAs and their associated mechanisms in the resistance of BC cells to therapeutic agents, as well as critically examines the potential of these macromolecules as a treatment biomarker in BC patients.
Excluding employer‐provided meals
Authors: Dennis‐Escoffier Shirley 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTIn a recently issued Technical Advice Memorandum (TAM), the Internal Revenue Service concluded that the value of employer‐provided meals cannot be excluded from employee income under the “convenience of employer” test unless the employer establishes a “substantial noncompensatory business reason” for providing the meals. To qualify for exclusion, employers must show a clear link between that reason and the business need to provide the meals to employees as well as demonstrating that they are following and enforcing policies that require furnishing those meals. This article discusses the underlying tax authorities and the impact of the recently released TAM. Finally, recommendations are provided for employers who currently provide, or plan to provide, free meals to their employees on premises to ensure they preserve the tax‐free treatment of this employee benefit.
Patisiran Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Exposure‐Response Analyses in the Phase 3 APOLLO Trial in Patients With Hereditary Transthyretin‐Mediated (hATTR) Amyloidosis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoping , Goel Varun , Attarwala Husain , Sweetser Marianne T. , Clausen Valerie A. , Robbie Gabriel J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractHereditary transthyretin‐mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis is an inherited, rapidly progressive, life‐threatening disease caused by deposition of abnormal transthyretin protein. Patisiran is an RNA interference therapeutic comprising a novel, small interfering ribonucleic acid (ALN‐18328) formulated in a lipid nanoparticle targeted to inhibit hepatic transthyretin protein synthesis. The lipid nanoparticle also contains 2 novel lipid excipients (DLin‐MC3‐DMA and PEG2000‐C‐DMG). Here we report patisiran pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and exposure‐response analyses from the phase 3 APOLLO trial, in which patients with hATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy were randomized 2:1 to receive patisiran 0.3 mg/kg or placebo intravenously every 3 weeks over 18 months. In patisiran‐treated patients, mean maximum reduction in serum transthyretin level from baseline was 87.8%. Patisiran PK exposure was stable following chronic dosing. There were no meaningful differences in PK exposure, serum transthyretin reduction, and efficacy (change from baseline in modified Neuropathy Impairment Score+7) across all subgroups analyzed (age, sex, race, body weight, genotype status of valine‐to‐methionine mutation at position 30 [V30M] and non‐V30M, prior use of tetramer stabilizers, mild/moderate renal impairment, and mild hepatic impairment). transthyretin reduction and efficacy were similar across the interpatient PK exposure range for ALN‐18328. There was no trend in the incidence of adverse events or serious adverse events across the interpatient PK exposure range for all 3 analytes. Incidence of antidrug antibodies was low (3.4%) and transient, with no impact on PK, PD, efficacy, or safety. The patisiran dosing regimen of 0.3 mg/kg every 3 weeks is appropriate for all patients with hATTR amyloidosis.
Assisted HIV partner services training in three sub‐Saharan African countries: facilitators and barriers to sustainable approaches
Authors: Han Hannah , Myers Serene , Mboh Khan Eveline , Masyuko Sarah J , Paredes Zulmira , Chimoun Francois T , Mudender Florindo , Wamuti Beatrice M , Nambu Winifred , Kemunto Emily , Mugambi Mary , Kariithi Edward , Golden Matthew R , Tih Pius M , Welty Thomas , Farquhar Carey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionHealthcare worker training is essential to successful implementation of assisted partner services (aPS), which aims to improve HIV testing and linkage‐to‐care outcomes for previously unidentified HIV‐positive individuals. Cameroon, Kenya and Mozambique are three African countries that have implemented aPS programmes and are working to bring those programmes to scale. In this paper, we present and compare different aPS training strategies implemented by these three countries, and discuss facilitators and barriers associated with implementation of aPS training in sub‐Saharan Africa.DiscussionaPS training programmes in Cameroon, Kenya and Mozambique share the following components: the development of comprehensive and interactive training curricula, recruitment of qualified trainees and trainers with intimate knowledge of the community served, continuous training, and rigorous monitoring and evaluation activities. Cameroon and Kenya were able to engage various stakeholders early on, establishing multilateral coalitions that facilitated attainment of long‐term buy‐in from the local governments. Ministries of Health and various implementing partners are often included in strategic planning and delivery of training curricula to ensure sustainability of the training programmes. Kenya and Mozambique have integrated aPS training into the national HTS guidelines, which are being rolled out nationwide by the Ministries of Health and implementing partners. Continual revision of training curricula to reflect the country context, as well as ongoing monitoring and evaluation, have also been identified as key facilitators to sustain aPS training programmes. Some of the barriers to scale‐up and sustainability of aPS training include limited funding and resources for training and scale‐up and shortage of aPS providers to facilitate on‐the‐job mentorship.ConclusionsThese three programmes demonstrate that aPS training can be implemented and scaled up in sub‐Saharan Africa. As countries plan for initial implementation or national scale‐up of aPS services, they will need to establish government buy‐in, expand funding sources, address the shortage of staff and resources to provide aPS and on‐the‐job mentorship, and continuously collect data to evaluate and improve aPS training plans. Development of national standards for aPS training, empowered healthcare providers, increased government commitment, and sustained funding for aPS services and training will be crucial for successful aPS implementation.
Assisted partner notification services for patients receiving HIV care and treatment in an HIV clinic in Nairobi, Kenya: a qualitative assessment of barriers and opportunities for scale‐up
Authors: Monroe‐Wise Aliza , Maingi Mutiti Peter , Kimani Harun , Moraa Hellen , Bukusi David E , Farquhar Carey 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionIdentifying HIV‐positive individuals is increasingly recognized as one of the most important and most challenging of the UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 goals. Assisted partner notification services (aPNS) involves tracing and offering HIV testing to partners of HIV‐positive individuals, and is effective and safe when provided to newly diagnosed HIV‐positive patients. Voluntary aPNS is now part of the World Health Organization's guidelines for HIV prevention and care. However, uptake of aPNS is significantly lower among adults with established HIV infection already engaged in care compared to newly diagnosed individuals. We sought to describe barriers encountered and potential opportunities to providing aPNS to established patients living with HIV.MethodsWe conducted focus group discussions and in‐depth interviews at Nairobi's largest public HIV clinic in April to May 2016 to elucidate barriers to and opportunities for aPNS among established patients engaged in HIV care. Participants included HIV‐positive adults in care, their partners, and healthcare workers (HCWs). Qualitative data analysis took a grounded theory approach.ResultsBarriers to aPNS fell under three main categories. Fear of disclosure to partners included concerns over relationship repercussions, loss of trust, blame and violence. Stigma and discrimination were described in the healthcare setting, at church and in general society. Participants described difficulties approaching communication, including cultural barriers and differences in education. For almost every barrier a potential solution was also identified, and a barrier‐opportunity relationship emerged. Opportunities included using couples testing centres to aid in disclosure, focusing on the ambiguous introduction of the infection, and sensitization of HCWs and community leaders.ConclusionsaPNS among established HIV patients is associated with different barriers and opportunities than aPNS among newly diagnosed patients, and HCWs should build their capacity to support aPNS in this population. There is a strong need for increased training and sensitization on the use of aPNS in different circumstances and for different clients, taking into consideration factors such as timing of partner notification, characteristics of the relationship and duration of knowledge discordance. The overall success of this intervention among populations living with HIV may rely on customization of services and key messages to meet the patients’ specific needs.
Sustained high HIV case‐finding through index testing and partner notification services: experiences from three provinces in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mahachi Nyikadzino , Muchedzi Auxilia , Tafuma Taurayi A , Mawora Peter , Kariuki Liz , Semo Bazghina‐werq , Bateganya Moses H , Nyagura Tendai , Ncube Getrude , Merrigan Mike B , Chabikuli Otto N , Mpofu Mulamuli 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionSeveral countries in southern Africa have made significant progress towards reaching the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS goal of ensuring that 90% of people living with HIV are aware of their status. In Zimbabwe, progress towards this “first 90” was estimated at 73% in 2016. To reach the remaining people living with HIV who have undiagnosed infection, the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care has been promoting index testing and partner notification services (PNS). We describe the implementation of index testing and PNS under the Zimbabwe HIV Care and Treatment (ZHCT) project and the resulting uptake, HIV positivity rate and links to HIV treatment.MethodsThe ZHCT project has been implemented since March 2016, covering a total of 12 districts in three provinces. To assess the project's performance on index testing, we extracted data on HIV testing from the district health information system (DHIS 2) from March 2016 to May 2018, validated it using service registers and calculated monthly HIV positivity rates using Microsoft Excel. Data were disaggregated by district, province, sex and service delivery point. We used SPSS to assess for statistical differences in paired monthly HIV positivity rates by sex, testing site, and province.ResultsThe average HIV positivity rate rose from 10% during the first six months of implementation to more than 30% by August 2016 and was sustained above 30% through May 2018. The overall facility HIV positivity rate was 4.1% during the same period. The high HIV positivity rate was achieved for both males and females (mean monthly HIV positivity rate of 31.3% for males and 33.7% for females), with females showing significantly higher positivity compared to males (p < 0.001). The ZHCT mean monthly HIV positivity rate from index testing (32.6%) was significantly higher than that achieved through provider‐initiated testing and counselling and other facility HIV testing modalities (4.1%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe ZHCT project has demonstrated successes in implementing index testing and PNS by attaining a high HIV positivity rate sustained over the study period. As the country moves towards HIV epidemic control, index testing and PNS are critical strategies for targeted HIV case identification.