bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is combined cataract surgery associated with acute postoperative endophthalmitis? A nationwide study from 2005 to 2014
Authors: Creuzot-Garcher Catherine P , Mariet Anne Sophie , Benzenine Eric , Daien Vincent , Korobelnik Jean-François , Bron Alain M , Quantin Catherine 
Published: June 2018

PurposeTo assess the incidence of acute postoperative endophthalmitis (POE) after cataract surgery combined with corneal, glaucoma or vitreoretinal surgical procedures from 2005 to 2014 in France.MethodsIn this cohort study, acute POE occurring within 6 weeks after surgery was identified by means of billing codes recorded in a national database in patients operated for cataract extraction with phacoemulsification, or corneal, glaucoma or vitreoretinal surgical procedures, either combined or stand-alone.ResultsFrom January 2005 to December 2014, up to 6 260 477 eyes underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery as a single procedure and 115 468 eyes underwent phacoemulsification combined with corneal, glaucoma or vitreoretinal surgical procedures. The crude incidence of acute POE after stand-alone or combined cataract surgery was 0.102% and 0.149%, respectively. In multivariate Poisson analysis, combined surgery taken as a whole was at higher risk than cataract stand-alone surgery, with an adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) (95% CI) of 1.38 (1.11 to 1.70; p=0.0054). Glaucoma surgeries were associated with a lower acute POE incidence compared with phacoemulsification, conversely to vitreoretinal surgical procedures: IRR 0.63 (0.47 to 0.85; p<0.001) and IRR 1.78 (1.58 to 2.01; p<0.001), respectively.ConclusionA higher incidence of acute POE after combined cataract surgery than after cataract surgery done as a stand-alone procedure was observed based on the French nationwide medical-administrative database. The incidence of acute POE after combined surgery was related to the type of surgery performed simultaneously with cataract extraction.
Intraocular bleeding in patients managed with novel oral anticoagulation and traditional anticoagulation: a network meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Phan Kevin , Lloyd Declan , Wilson-Smith Ash , Leung Vannessa , Andric Marko 
Published: June 2018

Background/aimTo clarify the nature of the relationship between novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and traditional anticoagulation in respect to intraocular bleeding.MethodsA comprehensive literature search up to October 2017 yielded 12 randomised controlled trials. Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis was employed to investigate the relationship across multiple trials with varying NOACs. Random effects (informative priors) ORs were applied for the risk of intraocular bleeding due to various treatment measures. Mantel-Haenszel pairwise analyses were also performed. A total of 102 617 participants from 12 different randomised controlled trials. 11 746 received apixaban, 16 074 received dabigatran, 18 132 received edoxaban, 11 893 received rivaroxaban and 44 764 received warfarin.ResultsEdoxaban was significantly associated with a reduced risk of intraocular bleeding in comparison to warfarin (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.98). All other findings were non-significant; however, apixaban was the only NOAC to trend with an increased event rate against warfarin. The Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo modelling indicated that edoxaban had the greatest chance of producing the lowest rate of bleeding (surface under the cumulative ranking curve 0.8642). Pooled pairwise analysis supported the network analysis results favouring edoxaban against warfarin (OR 0.59; 95% CI 0.39 to 0.90; p=0.02) as well as subgroup analysis of low-dose edoxaban versus warfarin (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.78).ConclusionThe analysis suggests that edoxaban may be the paramount agent in reducing intraocular bleeding rates. Given a paucity of reporting data for this rare event, future research and confirmation is strongly recommended.
Emergency hospital admissions associated with a non-randomised housing intervention meeting national housing quality standards: a longitudinal data linkage study
Authors: Rodgers Sarah E , Bailey Rowena , Johnson Rhodri , Berridge Damon , Poortinga Wouter , Lannon Simon , Smith Robert , Lyons Ronan A 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundWe investigated tenant healthcare utilisation associated with upgrading 8558 council houses to a national quality standard. Homes received multiple internal and external improvements and were analysed using repeated measures of healthcare utilisation.MethodsThe primary outcome was emergency hospital admissions for cardiorespiratory conditions and injuries for residents aged 60 years and over. Secondary outcomes included each of the separate conditions, for tenants aged 60 and over, and for all ages. Council home address and intervention records for eight housing cointerventions were anonymously linked to demographic data, hospital admissions and deaths for individuals in a dynamic cohort. Counts of health events were analysed using multilevel regression models to investigate associations between receipt of each housing improvement, adjusting for potential confounding factors and regional trends.ResultsResidents aged 60 years and over living in homes when improvements were made were associated with up to 39% fewer admissions compared with those living in homes that were not upgraded (incidence rate ratio=0.61, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.72). Reduced admissions were associated with electrical systems, windows and doors, wall insulation, and garden paths. There were small non-significant reductions for the primary outcome associated with upgrading heating, adequate loft insulation, new kitchens and new bathrooms.ConclusionResults suggest that hospital admissions can be avoided through improving whole home quality standards. This is the first large-scale longitudinal evaluation of a whole home intervention that has evaluated multiple improvement elements using individual-level objective routine health data.
Childhood IQ and mortality during 53 years’ follow-up of Swedish men and women
Authors: Sörberg Wallin Alma , Allebeck Peter , Gustafsson Jan-Eric , Hemmingsson Tomas 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe association between childhood cognitive ability measured with IQ tests and mortality is well documented. However, studies on the association in women are few and conflicting, and the mechanisms underlying the association are unclear.MethodsData on IQ were collected at school at age 13 among 19 919 men and women born in 1948 and 1953. Information on childhood socioeconomic position, the participants’ socioeconomic and social circumstances in middle age and mortality up to 2013 was collected through national registers.ResultsLower IQ was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality among men (1070 cases, HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.39 for one SD decrease in IQ) and among women (703 cases, HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.25). IQ was associated with mortality from several causes of death in men, and cancer and cardiovascular disorder mortality in women. Adjustment for socioeconomic factors in childhood and, in particular, in adulthood attenuated the associations considerably in men and near completely in women.ConclusionLower IQ was associated with an increased risk of mortality in men and women. The explanatory effects of socioeconomic factors in adulthood suggest that they constitute an important pathway in the association between IQ and mortality, especially in women.
Impact of improved cookstoves on women’s and child health in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Thakur Megha , Nuyts Paulien A W , Boudewijns Esther A , Flores Kim Javier , Faber Timor , Babu Giridhara R , van Schayck Onno C P , Been Jasper V 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesImproved biomass cookstoves may help reduce the substantial global burden of morbidity and mortality due to household air pollution (HAP) that disproportionately affects women and children in low and middle income countries (LMICs).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of (quasi-)experimental studies identified from 13 electronic databases (last update: 6 April 2018), reference and citation searches and via expert consultation.SettingLMICsParticipantsWomen and childrenInterventionsImproved biomass cookstovesMain outcome measuresLow birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, perinatal mortality, paediatric acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and COPD among women.ResultsWe identified 53 eligible studies, including 24 that met prespecified design criteria. Improved cookstoves had no demonstrable impact on paediatric lower ARIs (three studies; 11 560 children; incidence rate ratio (IRR)=1.02 (95% CI 0.84 to 1.24)), severe pneumonia (two studies; 11 061 children; IRR=0.88 (95% CI 0.39 to 2.01)), LBW (one study; 174 babies; OR=0.74 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.66)) or miscarriages, stillbirths and infant mortality (one study; 1176 babies; risk ratio (RR) change=15% (95% CI –13 to 43)). No (quasi-)experimental studies assessed preterm birth or COPD. In observational studies, improved cookstoves were associated with a significant reduction in COPD among women: two studies, 9757 participants; RR=0.74 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.90). Reductions in cough (four studies, 1779 participants; RR=0.72 (95% CI 0.60 to 0.87)), phlegm (four studies, 1779 participants; RR=0.65 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.80)), wheezing/breathing difficulty (four studies; 1779 participants; RR=0.41 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.59)) and conjunctivitis (three studies, 892 participants; RR=0.58 (95% CI 0.43 to 0.78)) were observed among women.ConclusionImproved cookstoves provide respiratory and ocular symptom reduction and may reduce COPD risk among women, but had no demonstrable child health impact.RegistrationPROSPERO: CRD42016033075
Abnormally reduced primary motor cortex output is related to impaired hand function in chronic stroke
Authors: Buetefisch C. M. , Revill K. P. , Haut M. W. , Kowalski G. M. , Wischnewski M. , Pifer M. , Belagaje S. R. , Nahab F. , Cobia D. J. , Hu X. , Drake D. , Hobbs G. 
Published: June 2018

Stroke often involves primary motor cortex (M1) and its corticospinal projections (CST). As hand function is critically dependent on these structures, its recovery is often incomplete. The neuronal substrate supporting affected hand function is not well understood but likely involves reorganized M1 and CST of the lesioned hemisphere (M1IL and CSTIL). We hypothesized that affected hand function in chronic stroke is related to structural and functional reorganization of M1IL and CSTIL. We tested 18 patients with chronic ischemic stroke involving M1 or CST. Their hand function was compared with 18 age-matched healthy subjects. M1IL thickness and CSTIL fractional anisotropy (FA) were determined with MRI and compared with measures of the other hemisphere. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to M1IL to determine its input-output function [stimulus response curve (SRC)]. The plateau of the SRC (MEPmax), inflection point, and slope parameters of the curve were extracted. Results were compared with measures in 12 age-matched healthy controls. MEPmax of M1IL was significantly smaller ( P = 0.02) in the patients, indicating reduced CSTIL motor output, and was correlated with impaired hand function ( P = 0.02). M1IL thickness ( P < 0.01) and CSTIL-FA ( P < 0.01) were reduced but did not correlate with hand function. The results indicate that employed M1IL or CSTIL structural measures do not explain the extent of impairment in hand function once M1 and CST are sufficiently functional for TMS to evoke a motor potential. Instead, impairment of hand function is best explained by the abnormally low output from M1IL. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Hand function often remains impaired after stroke. While the critical role of the primary motor cortex (M1) and its corticospinal output (CST) for hand function has been described in the nonhuman primate stroke model, their structure and function have not been systematically evaluated for patients after stroke. We report that in chronic stroke patients with injury to M1 and/or CST an abnormally reduced M1 output is related to impaired hand function.
Change in Inflammatory Biomarkers and Adipose Tissue in BRCA1/2+ Breast Cancer Survivors Following a Yearlong Lifestyle Modification Program
Authors: Sturgeon Kathleen M. , Foo Wayne , Heroux Mariane , Schmitz Kathryn 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Breast cancer survivors who carry a genetic mutation for one of the BRCA genes often undergo surgically induced menopause a decade or more before the usual age of natural menopause. These women are at elevated risk for multiple negative health outcomes, including metabolic diseases, heart disease, and cancer recurrence. Effects of a 12-month commercially available web-based lifestyle program (Precision Nutrition) were tested on body composition and markers of inflammation in a randomized controlled trial. Participants (N = 35) were BRCA1/2+, breast cancer survivors, and had completed surgically induced menopause at age &lt;45 years. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to quantify body composition. Fasting blood samples were used to assay insulin, IL1β, IL6, IL8, and TNFα. At baseline, we observed relationships between insulin, TNFα, and IL6, and between biomarkers and adiposity. Insulin and subcutaneous adipose tissue levels significantly decreased following the intervention compared with the change in the control group. Compared with baseline, TNFα and total adipose tissue levels decreased significantly in the intervention group. The percent change in insulin levels was moderately correlated with the percent change in subcutaneous adipose tissue (r = 0.33). Change in adiposity was not related to change in TNFα or IL6. Women in the intervention group decreased levels of subcutaneous, but not visceral, adipose tissue. The change in subcutaneous adipose tissue was the main driver of change in insulin levels for the women in the intervention group. However, the change in body composition achieved by the Precision Nutrition program was not sufficient to alter biomarker levels of inflammation. Cancer Prev Res; 11(9); 545–50. ©2018 AACR.
Three new species of parasitaphelenchids, Parasitaphelenchus frontalis n. sp., P. costati n. sp. and Bursaphelenchus hirsutae n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), isolated from bark beetles from Japan
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Ekino Taisuke , Ide Tatsuya , Masuya Hayato , Degawa Yousuke 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThree parasitaphelenchid species,Parasitaphelenchus frontalisn. sp.,P. costatin. sp. andBursaphelenchus hirsutaen. sp., are described.Parasitaphelenchus frontalisn. sp. was isolated from the body cavity ofScolytus frontalisemerging from dead logs ofZelkova serratacollected from Kanagawa, Japan, and characterised by its four-lined lateral field in the adults and dome-shaped lip region of the parasitic juveniles. Whereas the two first-mentioned species were isolated fromAlniphagus costatus,B. hirsutaen. sp. emerged from dead logs ofAlnus hirsutacollected from Nagano, Japan.Parasitaphelenchus costatin. sp. andB. hirsutaen. sp. were recovered from the body cavity and the underside of the elytra of their host/carrier beetle, respectively.Parasitaphelenchus costatin. sp. is characterised by its three-lined lateral field in adults and the presence of a ventrally-directed hook on the lip region of the parasitic juvenile.Bursaphelenchus hirsutaen. sp. belongs to theeggersigroup of the genus and is characterised by its three-lined lateral field, dorsally truncate condylus and pointed rostrum of males, and long, smoothly tapering and strongly ventrally recurved, female tail. Molecular characterisation is provided for all three new species and their phylogenys discussed.
Global Economic Governance in the Wake of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Is China Remaking Bretton Woods?
Authors: Wu Chien-Huei 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
This article examines China’s participation in the trade, monetary and development assistance fields and concludes that China’s rise does not undermine the centrality of the Bretton Woods institutions or Word Trade Organization (WTO) in global economic governance. Whereas China’s participation in the WTO presents some challenges to the long dominance of the United States and the European Union, it reaffirms the central role of the WTO. China’s monetary strategy also indicates the continuing importance of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in the international monetary regime. Whereas the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) introduces some competition to the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), China’s efforts in establishing new multilateral development banks are mainly driven by its frustration with stalled reforms of the Bretton Woods institutions. By and large, China’s economic emergence does not challenge, but reaffirms, the post-World War II global economic architecture.
The Nonlinear Optimal Triggering Perturbation of the Kuroshio Large Meander and Its Evolution in a Regional Ocean Model
Authors: Liu Xia , Mu Mu , Wang Qiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBased on the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method, we explore the nonlinear optimal triggering perturbation of the Kuroshio large meander (LM) and its evolution, and reveal the role of nonlinear physical processes in the formation of the LM path. The results show that the large amplitudes of the perturbations are mainly located in the upper 2000 m in the southeastern area of Kyushu (29°–32°N, 131°–134°E), where the eastward propagation of the cold anomaly is vital to the formation of the LM path. By analyzing the depth-integrated vorticity equation of the perturbation, we find that linear advection, namely, the interaction between the perturbation and the reference field, tends to move the cyclonic eddy induced by the optimal triggering perturbation eastward, while the nonlinear advection associated with the interaction of perturbations tends to move the cyclonic eddy westward. The opposing effects of the nonlinear advection and the linear advection slow the eastward movement of the cyclonic eddy so that the eddy has a chance to effectively develop, eventually leading to the formation of the Kuroshio LM path.
Environmental Factors and Internal Processes Contributing to the Interrupted Rapid Decay of Hurricane Joaquin (2015)
Authors: Hendricks Eric A. , Elsberry Russell L. , Velden Christopher S. , Jorgensen Adam C. , Jordan Mary S. , Creasey Robert L. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe objective in this study is to demonstrate how two unique datasets from the Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI-15) field experiment can be used to diagnose the environmental and internal factors contributing to the interruption of the rapid decay of Hurricane Joaquin (2015) and then a subsequent 30-h period of constant intensity. A special CIMSS vertical wind shear (VWS) dataset reprocessed at 15-min intervals provides a more precise documentation of the large (~15 m s−1) VWS throughout most of the rapid decay period, and then the timing of a rapid decrease in VWS to moderate (~8 m s−1) values prior to, and following, the rapid decay period. During this period, the VWS was moderate because Joaquin was between large VWSs to the north and near-zero VWSs to the south, which is considered to be a key factor in how Joaquin was able to be sustained at hurricane intensity even though it was moving poleward over colder water. A unique dataset of High Definition Sounding System (HDSS) dropwindsondes deployed from the NASA WB-57 during the TCI-15 field experiment is utilized to calculate zero-wind centers during Joaquin center overpasses that reveal for the first time the vortex tilt structure through the entire troposphere. The HDSS datasets are also utilized to calculate the inertial stability profiles and the inner-core potential temperature anomalies in the vertical. Deeper lower-tropospheric layers of near-zero vortex tilt are correlated with stronger storm intensities, and upper-tropospheric layers with large vortex tilts due to large VWSs are correlated with weaker storm intensities.
Geographic Distribution of Undocumented Immigrants: Estimates of Undocumented Aliens Counted in the 1980 Census by State
Authors: Passel Jeffrey S. , Woodrow Karen A. 
Published: June 2018

This article presents estimates of the number of undocumented aliens counted in the 1980 census for each state and the District of Columbia. The estimates, which indicate that 2.06 million undocumented aliens were counted in the 1980 census, are not based on individual records, but are aggregate estimates derived by a residual technique. The census count of aliens (modified somewhat to account for deficiencies in the data) is compared with estimates of the legally resident alien population based on data collected by the Immigration and Naturalization Service in January 1980. The final estimates represent extensions to the state level of national estimates developed by Warren and Passel (1984). Estimates are developed for each of the states for selected countries of birth and for age, sex, and period of entry categories. The article describes the origins of the undocumented alien population, as well as some of their demographic characteristics. Some of the implications of the numbers and distribution of undocumented aliens are also discussed.
Social, Cultural and Material Conditions of Students from Developing Countries in Italy
Authors: D'Arca Renato 
Published: June 2018

Recent immigration to Italy features certain traits, one of which is the high rate of educational attainment by immigrants. According to various evaluations (ISPES, 1990), 59 percent of the immigrant population obtained a high school diploma, while 13.5 percent possessed a university degree. For approximately five years, the CE.R.FE. (Research and Documentation Center) has conducted research on the social, cultural and material conditions of immigrant university students, highlighting the ambiguity of their condition (in addition to their perceptions of themselves) oscillating continuously between the status of student and immigrant. In particular, sample research was conducted 2 on non-EC university students present in Milan, Perugia, Rome, and Bari. The study was able to compare data collected at different times to information in a first study conducted in 1986, 3 and a second completed in 1990. It is interesting to note that these different research periods coincided with intensive legislative action by the government promulgated two laws regulating non-EC immigration, Law No. 943/86 and Law No. 39/90. Increased interest on the part of the government as well as of the public and press toward the immigration problem influenced – even though marginally – the development of the students’ non-EC immigrant perceptions of themselves and their roles.
From ‘White Australia’ to ‘Part of Asia’: Recent Shifts in Australian Immigration Policy towards the Region
Authors: Jupp James 
Published: June 2018

This article examines the impact on Australia of population movements in the Asia-Pacific region since 1945, with special reference to the period since 1975 that marked the termination of the restrictive ‘White Australia Policy.’ That policy, which had its origins in racist theories popular at the end of the nineteenth century, isolated Australia from its immediate region and kept it tied to its European and, more specifically, British origins. The impact of population, trade and capital movements in the region has been such as to make Australia ‘part of Asia.’ Nevertheless, public opinion has yet to accept these changes fully, especially when they involve changing the ethnic character of the resident population. It is concluded that the generation which has grown up since 1945 and which is now starting to dominate politics and intellectual life will find it easier to reorient Australia than did the previous generation, despite continuing ambivalence in public attitudes. The presence in Australia of large numbers of permanent residents and citizens of Asian origin is a necessary factor in expediting change.