bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunochemical Characterization of Setaria cervi Microfilarial Antigens Using Novel Antibodies
Authors: Kalani Anuradha , Kalani Komal , Chaturvedi Poonam , Chaturvedi Pankaj 
Published: June 2019

Background:Filariasis affects millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is caused by nematode roundworm. In order to develop a vaccine and specific diagnostic tests, it is important to characterize different stages of the filarial worms. Microfilariae (Mf) stage of the roundworm is found in host’s blood or lymph vessels and can be important not only for developing better immunodiagnostics but also for understanding immune recognition and its relevance to immunepathogenesis and protective immunity.Objective:The present study aimed to immunocharacterize Mf and adult worm antigens that could be helpful in future diagnostic tests.Method:Four different immune sera against Setaria cervi intact live, intact live with adjuvant, intact glutaraldehyde fixed with adjuvant and total somatic Mf were prepared and used for the immunocharacterization of Mf antigens.Results:Our study results suggest that compared to fixed intact Mf, live intact Mf are more immunogenic, as the immune sera generated against intact live Mf showed high ELISA reactivity with Setaria cervi Mf and adult worm antigens. All the four immune sera IgG fractions had surface specificity as determined through considerable ELISA reactivity with S. cervi intact Mf. When tested under native conditions (immunoelectrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis), all the four immune rabbit sera were able to detect antigens of S. cervi Mf and adult stages.Conclusion:These results can be useful in detailed understanding of the complex nature of the Mf and adult antigens, which are prerequisites in the development of vaccine and more specific diagnostic tests.
Brain Angiotensinergic Regulation of the Immune System: Implications for Cardiovascular and Neuroendocrine Responses
Authors: Iovino Michele , Messana Tullio , De Pergola Giovanni , Iovino Emanuela , Guastamacchia Edoardo , Licchelli Brunella , Vanacore Aldo , Giagulli Vito A. , Triggiani Vincenzo 
Published: June 2019

Objective:
The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) plays a major role in the
regulation of cardiovascular functions, water and electrolytic balance, and hormonal responses. We
perform a review of the literature, aiming at providing the current concepts regarding the angiotensin
interaction with the immune system in the brain and the related implications for cardiovascular and
neuroendocrine responses.

Methods:
Appropriate keywords and MeSH terms were identified and searched in Pubmed. Finally,
references of original articles and reviews were examined.

Results:
Angiotensin II (ANG II), beside stimulating aldosterone, vasopressin and CRH-ACTH release,
sodium and water retention, thirst, and sympathetic nerve activity, exerts its effects on the immune
system via the Angiotensin Type 1 Receptor (AT 1R) that is located in the brain, pituitary, adrenal
gland, and kidney. Several actions are triggered by the binding of circulating ANG II to AT 1R into
the circumventricular organs that lack the Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB). Furthermore, the BBB becomes
permeable during chronic hypertension thereby ANG II may also access brain nuclei controlling cardiovascular
functions. Subfornical organ, organum vasculosum lamina terminalis, area postrema,
paraventricular nucleus, septal nuclei, amygdala, nucleus of the solitary tract and retroventral lateral
medulla oblongata are the brain structures that mediate the actions of ANG II since they are provided
with a high concentration of AT 1R. ANG II induces also T-lymphocyte activation and vascular infiltration
of leukocytes and, moreover, oxidative stress stimulating inflammatory responses via inhibition
of endothelial progenitor cells and stimulation of inflammatory and microglial cells facilitating the
development of hypertension.

Conclusion:
Besides the well-known mechanisms by which RAAS activation can lead to the development
of hypertension, the interactions between ANG II and the immune system at the brain level can
play a significant role..
Systemic Delivery of Peptide Hormones Using Nasal Powders: Strategies and Future Perspectives
Authors: Engio Lisa , Agu Remigius U. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Peptide Hormones (PH) are mainly administered as parenteral injections due
to their peculiar physicochemical properties, and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation after oral administration.
With invasive routes, however, patient safety, acceptability, and compliance become a
concern, especially when a patient has a chronic condition that requires repeated injections. The delivery
of peptide hormones via the nasal route has gained momentum over the last few decades as a noninvasive
alternative to parenteral injections and commercially available nasal liquid products.

Objective:
The aim of this paper was to review:
(1) The benefits and limitations of nasal powder products,
(2) Formulation strategies to enhance nasal delivery of peptide hormone drugs,
(3) Nasal powder devices, and
(4) Future perspectives of therapeutic nasal powders. The drugs examined specifically include calcitonin,
desmopressin, ghrelin, glucagon, human growth hormone, insulin, octreotide, and oxytocin.

Methods::
Nasal delivery of peptide hormones using powders was reviewed with the following databases:
EBSCO, PUBMED, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EU Clinical Trials Register.

Results:
Nasal powders are a promising drug delivery system that may be safer and more effective than
traditional injections and presently marketed nasal liquids for peptide hormone drugs.

Conclusion:
With sustained interest and growing body of supporting evidence, a range of nasal powders
for systemic delivery of these drugs and delivery devices can be expected to enter the market in the
future and offer more options to patients
Energy Enhancement Techniques for Structure-Free Wireless Sensor Network with Encrypted Data
Authors: Chaiel Hussain K. , Al-Husseini Zainab S.M. , Arif Khaldun I. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
Nowadays, in military and border surveillance application, the WSNs become
an effective part of the command and control system. This requires an efficient type of cryptography.
Due to small size requirement, elliptic curve becomes the most suitable for such purpose.

Objective:
The encryption operation, in turn, increases the power required to transmit data through
the network. The aim of this work is to reduce such power.

Methods:
This work suggests three methods to reduce the needed power. The first method is
based on spread spectrum technology, which reduces the total number of levels in the network.
The second method deals with algorithm used to choose the sensing node, while the third method
suggests a cost function related directly to the available energy.

Results:
Computer simulation tests show a reduction in the required energy by 40% when we apply
the first method, while the second and third methods together reduce the energy by 12% of the
total value of the whole network.

Conclusion:
The energy required to transmit encrypted data can be reduced with the aid of routing
algorithms. These algorithm increase the coverage radius of the node transmission.
Comparison of the Effects of Silver in Nanostructured and Ultrahigh Diluted Form on Growth and Volatile Compounds Produced by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Mirzajani Fateme , Hamidi Amin 
Published: June 2019

Introduction:
In this project, the growth and volatile metabolites profiles of Escherichia
coli (E. coli ) and Staphylococcus aureus were monitored under the influence of silver base chemical,
nanoparticle and ultra-highly diluted compounds.

Materials & Methods:
The treatments were done for 12000 life cycles using silver nanoparticles
(AgNPs) as well as ultra-highly diluted Argentum nitricum (Arg-n). Volatile organic metabolites
analysis was performed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicated
that AgNPs treatment made the bacteria resistant and adapted to growth in the nanoparticle
condition. The use of ultra-highly diluted Arg-n initially increased growth but it decreased later.
Also, with the continuous usage of these materials, no more bacterial growth was observed.

Results:
The most important compounds produced by E. coli are Acetophenone, Octyl acetate,
Styrene, 1,8-cineole, 4-t-butyl-2-(1-methyl-2-nitroethyl)cyclohexane, hexadecane and 2-Undecanol.
The main compounds derived from S. aureus are Acetophenone,1,8-cineole, Benzaldehyde,
2-Hexan-1-ol, Tridecanol, Dimethyl Octenal and tetradecane. Acetophenone and 1,8-cineole were
common and produced by both organisms.

Conclusion:
Based on the origin of the produced volatiles, main volatiles percentage of untreated sample
is hydrocarbon (>50%), while bacteria treatments convert the ratio in to aldehydes, ketones and alcohols
in the case of AgNPs, (>80%) and aldehydes, ketones and terpenes in the case of Arg-n (>70%).
Optimized Solution of TSP (Travelling Salesman Problem) Based on Mendelian Inheritance
Authors: Sharma Vivek , Kumar Rakesh , Tyagi Sanjay 
Published: June 2019

Background:
TSP problem has been the part of literature from many decades; it’s an important
optimization issue in operation research. TSP problem always remain greedy for the better results especially
if chosen working field are Genetic Algorithms (GA).

Objective:
This paper presents a TSP solution, which performed the modified selection and crossover operations
as well as takes advantage of Mendelian inheritance while producing the generations.

Methods:
GA has very broad resolution scope for optimization problems and it is capable enough for generating
well-optimized results if right GA technique has been applied on right point of issue in controlled manner.
here the proposed agenda is to utilize the GA concept for TSP by applying mendels rules which is never
applied before for the same issue. Here the proposed scheme applies some modification in traditional Mendel
process. In general, full chromosome window has been utilized in mendel inheritance process but in presented
scheme we have utilizes Most Significant Bits (MSB) only which helps in to control the convergence aptitude
of the process.

Results:
The scheme uses advanced modified Mendel operation which helps in to control convergence aptitude
of the operation. It efficiently minimizes the total travelled distance of the graph which was the ultimate
objective of the problem and that has been successfully achieved.

Conclusion:
The validation of the scheme has been confirmed from the obtained results, which are better
enough as comparison to traditional TSP-GA.
Data Control in Public Cloud Computing: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Sharma Ashok , Jha Pranay , Singh Sartaj 
Published: June 2019

Background:
The Advancement in the Hardware and Progress in IoT based devices has led to significant
transformation in digitalization and globalization of business models in the IT World. In fact Cloud
Computing has attracted many companies to expand their business by providing IT infrastructure with very
less budget in pay per use model. The Expansion and Migration of Companies to Cloud Computing facilities
has really brought many pros and cons and opened new area of Research. The Management of IT infrastructure
as per business requirement is a great challenge for the IT Infrastructure managers because of complex
business models which needs to be updated with market trends and it requires huge and updated infrastructure
to accelerate their business requirements.

No doubt there are many benefits of moving to Cloud but several vulnerabilities and potential threats related
to security is a major concern for any business sensitive data. These security challenges place restrictions on
moving on-premises workloads to the Cloud. This paper has discussed key differences in cloud models and
existing various Cloud Security Architectures and challenges in cloud computing related to Data Security at
Rest and in Transit. Also data controlling mechanism need to be adopted by IT Industry along with end to end
security mechanism has been explained.

Objective:

The main objective of this paper is to discuss about the prevailing issues in cloud in terms of data
security which is discouraging the Industry and organizations to move their data into public cloud and also to
discuss how to enhance security mechanism in cloud during data migration and multitenant environment.

Methods:
Based on different reports and analysis, it has been pointed that data breach and data security are
most challenging and concerning factor for any customer when someone think to migrate the workloads from
On-Premises datacenter to Cloud Computing. It needs more attention in every consideration. All criteria and
considerations to secure and protect the customer’s information and data have been classified and discussed.
Data-at-rest and Data-in-transit are transmission method for storing and moving the data from one source to
destination. Different encryption methods for protecting and security data-at-rest and data-in-transit have
been identity. However, there are still more areas need to work in for filling gaps for Cloud data control and
security which is still a serious concern and on top of attackers every day.

Results & Conclusion:
Since, cyber-attacks occurring very frequently and causing a huge amount of investment
on re-establishing the environment, it needs more control with effective usages of technology. All those
concerns related to security are very reasonable concerns that needs to be addressed.
Quality by Design-based Optimization of Formulation and Process Variables for Controlling Particle Size and Zeta Potential of Spray Dried Incinerated Copper Nanosuspension
Authors: Singh Saurabh , Singh Sachin Kumar , Chauhan Malti G. , Kumar Bimlesh , Pandey Narendra Kumar , Kaur Barinder , Kumar Arun , Mohanta Souvik , Gulati Monica , Wadhwa Sheetu , Yadav Ankit Kumar , Singh Pankaj Kumar , Kumari Yogita , Kaur Gurmandeep , Khursheed Rubiya , Clarrisse A. 
Published: June 2019

Background:
In the present study copper nanosuspension was prepared from Incinerated
Copper Powder (ICP) by top down media milling. Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) and
Gum Acacia (GA) were used as stabilizers in the formulation.

Methods:
Box Behnken Design was used to investigate the effect of formulation and process
variables on particle size and zeta potential and optimize their ratio to get target product profile.
The ratio of GA and GG to ICP was varied along with milling time and its speed. Further
the prepared nanosuspensions were solidified using spray drying.

Results:
The particle size was found to be decreased with the increase in GG to ICP ratio,
milling time and milling speed, whereas, reverse effect on particle size was observed with an
increase in GA to ICP ratio. The zeta potential was found to be increased with the increase in
GG to CB ratio and milling speed and it decreased with the increase in GA to ICP ratio and
milling time. The obtained value for particle size was 117.9 nm and zeta potential were -9.46
mV which was in close agreement with the predicted values by the design which was,
121.86 nm for particle size and -8.07 mV for zeta potential respectively. This indicated the
reliability of optimization procedure. The percentage drug loading of copper in the nanosuspension
was 88.26%. The micromeritic evaluation of obtained spray dried nanoparticles revealed
that the particles were having good flow and compactibility.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that application of media milling, design of experiment and
spray drying have offered very good copper nanosuspension that has the potential to be
scaled up on industrial scale.
ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ БОТУЛОТОКСИНУ В МЕДИЦИНІ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Готюр О. І. , Гальків Т. І. , Чурпій І. К. 
Published: June 2019

Резюме. Ботулотоксин – нейротоксин білкової природи, що виробляється бактеріями Clostridium botulinum, блокує нервово-м’язову передачу нервових імпульсів, у результаті чого розслабляються мімічні м’язи обличчя і припиняється утворення зморшок. Найсильніша органічна отрута з відомих науці органічних токсинів і одна з найбільш отруйних речовин. Попадання ботулотоксину в організм викликає важке токсичне ураження –ботулізм, який в природних умовах зустрічається у людей, коней, птахів, великої рогатої худоби, хутрових звірів. Перші відомості про ботулотоксин з'явилися у Німеччині 1820 р. – у результаті розслідування смерті кількох людей було встановлено, що причиною загибелі став токсин, що знаходився в ковбасі. Ці бактерії першим виділив бельгійський доктор Еміль Ванн Ерменгем. І тільки в 1944р. з чистої культури бактерій був виділений ботулотоксин, а його властивість блокувати нервово-м'язову передачу виявили в 1949 р. Також ботулотоксин блокує надмірну секрецію потових залоз у ділянці пахв, долонь та ступнів ніг, саме тому він є показаним з лікувальною метою при гіпергідрозі.
За останні роки ботулотоксин чудово себе зарекомендував у невропатологів через свою властивість – зниження вироблення нейротрансмітерів у головному мозку, що дає можливість знижувати інтенсивність головного болю при мігрені та головному болю напруги.
Нетримання сечі досить поширена проблема серед жінок. Уколи ботулінічного нейротоксину впливають на спазми м'язів сечового міхура, знижуючи їхню активність, але не паралізуючи повністю, внаслідок чого людина може контролювати свої позиви. Залежно від місця введення токсину знімається будь-який спазм. Це враховують і спеціалісти щелепно-лицьової хірургії. Якщо його вводити в головний жувальний м'яз при бруксизмі, то уже через кілька днів у пацієнтів зменшується скрегіт зубами, а через деякий час і зовсім зникає.
EFFECT OF MICROWAVE RADIATION ON STRENGTH CAPPED POLYMER COMPOSITION MATERIALS WITH LIGHTNESS PROTECTIVE RETAINED COATING LOW-CYCLE LOADING
Authors: Zlobina I. V. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesThe analysis of the features of application of fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials (PCM) of different nature in the structural elements of aviation technology and methods of increasing the strength of their products.MethodIt is indicated on the positive effect on the strength of the bending stress and interlayer shear finish treatment of cured PCM in the microwave electromagnetic field. It is noted that the peculiarity of the elements of the skin of PCM is the presence in the surface layer of the built-in metal mesh, or lightning-proof coating (MFP), necessary to ensure the stability of structural elements to the effects of atmospheric electricity discharges.Result. The tests of the control and processed in the microwave electromagnetic field samples from PCM with MSP on low-cycle fatigue at the number of loading cycles-60 and strain amplitudes-10 mm. it was Found that in the control samples with the grid MEU primary crack appears after 6 cycles. After microwave processing, the samples retain their integrity, but the load causing the set deformation is reduced by 14% already on the 35th cycle.ConclusionDurability of samples with the heat-treated grid "Тekstilmash" and with a grid without heat treatment after influence of microwave electromagnetic field increases respectively by 59,5% and 71%. At the same time, the samples retain their integrity after 60 loading cycles, and the maximum stresses are reduced by 13.7% and 5.8%, respectively, compared to static tests. The limit of low-cycle fatigue increases after microwave treatment from 37 to 210%.
ENERGETICALLY OPTIMAL WORK OF WATER INTAKE STRUCTURES FROM UNDERGROUND SOURCES
Authors: Purusova I. Yu. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectivesPerfecting of the existing schemes of water delivery in the pure tank on a pressure piping and increase in efficiency of submersible pumps on water intaking constructions from underground sources. Discusses the negative manifestations in the operation of water intaking constructions from underground. In the mode of operation of each pump is influenced by external and internal characteristics of the system wells – submersible pump – common culvert – the clean water tank.MethodsMathematical model operation of management process of collaboration of system a water well – a prefabricated conduit with definite forms of boundary conditions. Schemes of an arrangement are shown of water wells and a prefabricated conduit.ResultsInterference of a duty of certain wells and a prefabricated conduit is studied, unstable work of submersible pumps is defined. The scheme of water delivery is presented to the pure tank on separate pressure pressure lines. To ensure the stability of the pumping equipment, the characteristics of the diameter of the water conduit (its hydraulic resistance) are determined depending on the total hydraulic resistance of the well equipment (well filter, pump, fittings) and the well pipeline. Monitoring of water intake structures allows you to set technical indicators for choosing an independent scheme, to choose the right equipment, taking into account the joint operation of the system borehole - submersible pump - collecting water conduit - RFI.ConclusionEnergetically optimal work of water intake structures with separate pressure lines, helps to reduce water losses, while achieving significant savings in electricity. The most favorable for the submersible pump is work on the clean water tank, and not on the prefabricated conduit.
ANOMALOUS ERRORS IN DETERMINING FOCUS COORDINATES EARTHQUAKES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THEIR ELIMINATION
Authors: Aslanov G. K. , Aslanov T. G. , Musaeva U. A. 
Published: June 2019

Objectives The aim of the study is to develop a method for estimating the speed of seismic waves in different directions of propagation and by taking into account the dimensions of the focus, reducing the error in determining the coordinates of the hypocenter. Method To find the hypocenter of the earthquake, the data of the seismic wave velocities, the differences in the times of arrival of seismic waves on seismic sensors and the error in determining the time difference are used. The data with an error determine the coordinates of the hypocenter using information from various combinations of seismic sensors. Processing the resulting array of coordinates, estimates the seismic wave velocities / or determines the spatial shape of the earthquake source and the coordinates of the hypocenter. According to the coordinates of the cinema center, the differences in the travel time of seismic waves are corrected and the distances to the seismic sensors are refined. Results After preliminary determination of the coordinates and shape of the earthquake source, if there are a large number of seismic sensors, it is possible to clarify the coordinates of the earthquake hypocenter taking into account the recommendations given in the works. Conclusion Using the proposed method implies the presence of a large number of sensors to determine the complex shape, the earthquake source.