bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-36 and IL-1/IL-17 Drive Immunity to Oral Candidiasis via Parallel Mechanisms
Authors: Verma Akash H. , Zafar Hanna , Ponde Nicole O. , Hepworth Olivia W. , Sihra Diksha , Aggor Felix E. Y. , Ainscough Joseph S. , Ho Jemima , Richardson Jonathan P. , Coleman Bianca M. , Hube Bernhard , Stacey Martin , McGeachy Mandy J. , Naglik Julian R. , Gaffen Sarah L. , Moyes David L. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Protection against microbial infection by the induction of inflammation is a key function of the IL-1 superfamily, including both classical IL-1 and the new IL-36 cytokine families. Candida albicans is a frequent human fungal pathogen causing mucosal infections. Although the initiators and effectors important in protective host responses to C. albicans are well described, the key players in driving these responses remain poorly defined. Recent work has identified a central role played by IL-1 in inducing innate Type-17 immune responses to clear C. albicans infections. Despite this, lack of IL-1 signaling does not result in complete loss of immunity, indicating that there are other factors involved in mediating protection to this fungus. In this study, we identify IL-36 cytokines as a new player in these responses. We show that C. albicans infection of the oral mucosa induces the production of IL-36. As with IL-1α/β, induction of epithelial IL-36 depends on the hypha-associated peptide toxin Candidalysin. Epithelial IL-36 gene expression requires p38-MAPK/c-Fos, NF-κB, and PI3K signaling and is regulated by the MAPK phosphatase MKP1. Oral candidiasis in IL-36R−/− mice shows increased fungal burdens and reduced IL-23 gene expression, indicating a key role played by IL-36 and IL-23 in innate protective responses to this fungus. Strikingly, we observed no impact on gene expression of IL-17 or IL-17–dependent genes, indicating that this protection occurs via an alternative pathway to IL-1–driven immunity. Thus, IL-1 and IL-36 represent parallel epithelial cell–driven protective pathways in immunity to oral C. albicans infection.
Commuting and Semi-commuting Monomial-type Toeplitz Operators on Some Weakly Pseudoconvex Domains
Authors: Jiang Cao , Dong Xing-Tang , Zhou Ze-Hua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we completely characterize the finite rank commutator and semi-commutator of two monomial-type Toeplitz operators on the Bergman space of certain weakly pseudoconvex domains. Somewhat surprisingly, there are not only plenty of commuting monomial-type Toeplitz operators but also non-trivial semi-commuting monomial-type Toeplitz operators. Our results are new even for the unit ball.
Trabalho docente e saúde das professoras da educação infantil
Authors: Martins Maria De Fátima Duarte , Araujo Tania Maria , Vieira Jarbas Santos 
Published: June 2018

O artigo apresenta resultados de um estudo de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo que investigou a relação entre o processo de trabalho docente e a saúde de todas as professoras de educação infantil de uma cidade de porte médio no Rio Grande do Sul. Fizeram parte do estudo 196 docentes. Nesse artigo apresentamos os resultados da etapa qualitativa que, através de entrevista semiestruturada, investigou as práticas educacionais utilizadas pelas professoras em seu cotidiano de trabalho. A partir dos eixos que conduziram as entrevistas, identificou-se sete categorias elencadas a partir da escuta das entrevistas, foram elas: Ação de Gestão Vocacional, Discurso moralizante, Intensificação, Identidade, Generificação e Medicamentação. Para analisar as entrevistas utilizou-se o modelo de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Os resultados demonstraram que as docentes estão desenvolvendo seu trabalho em condições precárias, baixos salários, exigências burocráticas, condições físicas desfavoráveis, e esses fatores podem estar levando ao uso de medicamentos e ao adoecimento. Como modalidade de trabalho relativamente nova, estudos que deem visibilidade a esse grupo são necessários com o intuito de melhorar as condições laborais das docentes e evitar problemas em sua saúde.
“Super-Short-Term” Study Abroad in Japan: A Dramatic Increase
Authors: Shimmi Yukiko , Ota Hiroshi 
Published: June 2018

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase of Japanese students participating in “super-short-term” study-abroad programs, lasting from one week up to one month. This reflects a growing global trend among college students, especially in developed countries. This article discusses the background of this trend in Japan as well as emerging challenges.
Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education in the Philippines
Authors: Lim Miguel Antonio , Lomer Sylvie , Millora Christopher 
Published: June 2018

The Philippines has recently introduced a subsidy for tuition fees to enable universal access to higher education. There has been a heated debate about the Act’s sustainability and its implications for equity. We examine these issues and argue that, despite concerns, this move is a strategic long-term investment for the country.
Programming of Multicomponent Temporal Release Profiles in 3D Printed Polypills via Core–Shell, Multilayer, and Gradient Concentration Profiles
Authors: Haring Alexander P. , Tong Yuxin , Halper Justin , Johnson Blake N. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) appears poised to provide novel pharmaceutical technology and controlled release systems, yet understanding the effects of processing and post‐processing operations on pill design, quality, and performance remains a significant barrier. This paper reports a study of the relationship between programmed concentration profile and resultant temporal release profile using a 3D printed polypill system consisting of a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved excipient (Pluronic F‐127) and therapeutically relevant dosages of three commonly used oral agents for treatment of type 2 diabetes (300–500 mg per pill). A dual‐extrusion hydrogel microextrusion process enables the programming of three unique concentration profiles, including core–shell, multilayer, and gradient structures. Experimental and computational studies of diffusive mass transfer processes reveal that programmed concentration profiles are dynamic throughout both pill 3D printing and solidification. Spectrophotometric assays show that the temporal release profiles could be selectively programmed to exhibit delayed, pulsed, or constant profiles over a 5 h release period by utilizing the core–shell, multilayer, and gradient distributions, respectively. Ultimately, this work provides new insights into the mass transfer processes that affect design, quality, and performance of spatially graded controlled release systems, as well as demonstrating the potential to create disease‐specific polypill technology with programmable temporal release profiles.
Stretchable Ionics – A Promising Candidate for Upcoming Wearable Devices
Authors: Lee Hae‐Ryung , Kim Chong‐Chan , Sun Jeong‐Yun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAs many devices for human utility aim for fast and convenient communication with users, superb electronic devices are demonstrated to serve as hardware for human–machine interfaces in wearable forms. Wearable devices for daily healthcare and self‐diagnosis offer more human‐like properties unconstrained by deformation. In this sense, stretchable ionics based on flexible and stretchable hydrogels are on the rise as another means to develop wearable devices for bioapplications for two main reasons: i) ionic currents and choosing the same signal carriers for biological areas, and ii) the adoption of hydrogel ionic conductors, which are intrinsically stretchable materials with biocompatibility. Here, the current status of stretchable ionics and future applications are introduced, whose positive effects can be magnified by stretchable ionics.
What Can We Learn from Solid State NMR on the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface?
Authors: Haber Shira , Leskes Michal 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRechargeable battery cells are composed of two electrodes separated by an ion‐conducting electrolyte. While the energy density of the cell is mostly determined by the redox potential of the electrodes and amount of charge they can store, the processes at the electrode–electrolyte interface govern the battery's lifetime and performance. Viable battery cells rely on unimpeded ion transport across this interface, which depends on its composition and structure. These properties are challenging to determine as interfacial phases are thin, disordered, heterogeneous, and can be very reactive. The recent developments and applications of solid state NMR spectroscopy in the study of interfacial phenomena in rechargeable batteries based on lithium and sodium chemistries are reviewed. The different NMR interactions are surveyed and how these are used to shed light on the chemical composition and architecture of interfacial phases as well as directly probe ion transport across them is described. By combining new methods in solid state NMR spectroscopy with other analytical tools, a holistic description of the electrode–electrolyte interface can be obtained. This will enable the design of improved interfaces for developing battery cells with high energy, high power, and longer lifetime.
Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Effects on the Optical Process in Advanced Materials and Devices
Authors: Zhang Yang , Jie Wenjing , Chen Ping , Liu Weiwei , Hao Jianhua 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPiezoelectric and ferroelectric materials have shown great potential for control of the optical process in emerging materials. There are three ways for them to impact on the optical process in various materials. They can act as external perturbations, such as ferroelectric gating and piezoelectric strain, to tune the optical properties of the materials and devices. Second, ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity as innate attributes may exist in some optoelectronic materials, which can couple with other functional features (e.g., semiconductor transport, photoexcitation, and photovoltaics) in the materials giving rise to unprecedented device characteristics. The last way is artificially introducing optical functionalities into ferroelectric and piezoelectric materials and devices, which provides an opportunity for investigating the intriguing interplay between the parameters (e.g., electric field, temperature, and strain) and the introduced optical properties. Here, the tuning strategies, fundamental mechanisms, and recent progress in ferroelectric and piezoelectric effects modulating the optical properties of a wide spectrum of materials, including lanthanide‐doped phosphors, quantum dots, 2D materials, wurtzite‐type semiconductors, and hybrid perovskites, are presented. Finally, the future outlook and challenges of this exciting field are suggested.
Lead‐Chalcogenide Colloidal‐Quantum‐Dot Solids: Novel Assembly Methods, Electronic Structure Control, and Application Prospects
Authors: Balazs Daniel M. , Loi Maria Antonietta 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe quest for novel semiconductors with easy, cheap fabrication and tailorable properties has led to the development of several classes of materials, such as semiconducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, hybrid perovskites, and colloidal quantum dots. All these candidates can be processed from the liquid phase, enabling easy fabrication, and are suitable for different electronic and optoelectronic applications. Here, recent developments in the field of colloidal‐quantum‐dot solids are discussed, with a focus on lead‐chalcogenide systems. These include novel deposition methods; the recent growing understanding of their fundamental properties, driven by major successes in the control of the nanostructured assembly and surface chemistry; and selected reports on lab‐scale devices showing the technological prospects of these fascinating class of materials.
Single Tungsten Atoms Supported on MOF‐Derived N‐Doped Carbon for Robust Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Chen Wenxing , Pei Jiajing , He Chun‐Ting , Wan Jiawei , Ren Hanlin , Wang Yu , Dong Juncai , Wu Konglin , Cheong Weng‐Chon , Mao Junjie , Zheng Xusheng , Yan Wensheng , Zhuang Zhongbin , Chen Chen , Peng Qing , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTungsten‐based catalysts are promising candidates to generate hydrogen effectively. In this work, a single‐W‐atom catalyst supported on metal–organic framework (MOF)‐derived N‐doped carbon (W‐SAC) for efficient electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with high activity and excellent stability is reported. High‐angle annular dark‐field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM) and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy analysis indicate the atomic dispersion of the W species, and reveal that the W1N1C3 moiety may be the favored local structure for the W species. The W‐SAC exhibits a low overpotential of 85 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 53 mV dec−1, in 0.1 m KOH solution. The HER activity of the W‐SAC is almost equal to that of commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation suggests that the unique structure of the W1N1C3 moiety plays an important role in enhancing the HER performance. This work gives new insights into the investigation of efficient and practical W‐based HER catalysts.
Phosphorene/ZnO Nano‐Heterojunctions for Broadband Photonic Nonvolatile Memory Applications
Authors: Hu Liang , Yuan Jun , Ren Yi , Wang Yan , Yang Jia‐Qin , Zhou Ye , Zeng Yu‐Jia , Han Su‐Ting , Ruan Shuangchen 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh‐performance photonic nonvolatile memory combining photosensing and data storage with low power consumption ensures the energy efficiency of computer systems. This study first reports in situ derived phosphorene/ZnO hybrid heterojunction nanoparticles and their application in broadband‐response photonic nonvolatile memory. The photonic nonvolatile memory consistently exhibits broadband response from ultraviolet (380 nm) to near infrared (785 nm), with controllable shifts of the SET voltage. The broadband resistive switching is attributed to the enhanced photon harvesting, a fast exciton separation, as well as the formation of an oxygen vacancy filament in the nano‐heterojunction. In addition, the device exhibits an excellent stability under air exposure compared with reported pristine phosphorene‐based nonvolatile memory. The superior antioxidation capacity is believed to originate from the fast transfer of lone‐pair electrons of phosphorene. The unique assembly of phosphorene/ZnO nano‐heterojunctions paves the way toward multifunctional broadband‐response data‐storage techniques.
Encapsulation efficiency and release of citral using methylcellulose as emulsifier and interior wall material in composite polysaccharide microcapsules
Authors: Zhou You , Yin Xueqiong , Chen Juan , Feng Dachun , Zhu Li 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo better explore the encapsulation efficiency of citral microcapsules through spray‐drying, amphiphilic methylcellulose (MC) was used as the emulsifier and the interior wall material, with chitosan (CTS) and alginate (ALG) as the composite external wall materials. The sequence and proportion of wall materials were compared and optimized based on the stability of the emulsions and citral content in the microcapsules. MC/CTS/ALG was the best wall material for citral microencapsulation. Formulation comprising 1.5 ml citral, 0.8 g MC, 1.0 g CTS, and 6.0 g ALG had the best entrapment of citral, resulting in citral unit content of 46.4 mg/g and the encapsulation efficiency of 82.2%. Scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy images expressed distinct spherical core–shell structure of the microcapsules. Citral microcapsules absorbed water during storage, which resulted in particle size increase and cracks in the microcapsules surface. Water absorption properties in common used environments (open in air, sealed plastic bag, glass bottle) were investigated. CoCl2 microcapsules were used to intuitively express the water absorption through the color change. The results are referential for industry to select proper wall materials and storage conditions for spice microcapsules to increase the shelf life of relevant foods.
Occupational diseases in Italian national priority contaminated sites
Authors: Marinaccio Alessandro , Binazzi Alessandra , Bonafede Michela , Altimari Antonella , Boscioni Roberto , Corfiati Marisa , Clemente Marta , Brusco Adelina 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the occupational health risks in the Italian National Priority Contaminated Sites (NPCSs).MethodsEstablished cases of occupational diseases in 2010‐2014 were extracted from the Italian National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL) archives. Standardized incidence ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated by site and by disease group separately for genders.ResultsIn the 44 NPCSs evaluated, 11 015 cases of occupational diseases (8877 in men and 2138 in women) were ascertained. Overall, an excess of occupational diseases with respect to expected cases of 24.2% was found in men residing in NPCSs. An increased occurrence was detected in 21 NPCSs for men and in eight for women.ConclusionsThe findings suggest a role of occupational diseases in the health profile of NPCSs, reinforcing the need for a permanent surveillance system.
An efficient heterogeneous cross‐coupling of aryl iodides with diphenylphosphine catalyzed by copper (I) immobilized in MCM‐41
Authors: Fang Zhiqiang , Cai Mingzhong , Lin Yang , Zhao Hong 
Published: June 2018

The heterogeneous cross‐coupling reaction of aryl iodides with diphenylphosphine was achieved in toluene at 115 °C in the presence of 10 mol% of phenanthroline‐functionalized MCM‐41‐supported copper (I) complex (Phen‐MCM‐41‐CuI) with Cs2CO3 as base, yielding various unsymmetric triarylphosphines in good to excellent yields. This protocol can tolerate a wide range of functional groups and does not need the use of expensive additives or harsh reaction conditions. This heterogeneous Cu (I) catalyst exhibited the same catalytic activity as homogeneous CuI/Phen system, and could easily be recovered by a simple filtration of the reaction solution and recycled up to seven times without significant loss of activity.
Effect of preroasting on the preoxidation of vanadium in high‐carbon stone coal
Authors: Yang Xin long , Feng Ya li , Li Hao ran , Du Zhu wei , Liu Peng wei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe effect of preroasting on the preoxidation and sodium roasting of vanadium in high‐carbon stone coal was investigated through the study of the change of the phase and valence distribution of vanadium. The result indicated that the ore should be subject to high‐temperature preroasting treatment of approximately 800 °C for a certain time before sodium roasting to achieve a higher oxidation ratio of vanadium. During preroasting at 600 °C, the oxidation of the reducing component completed substantially, and the removal of hydroxyl in mica occurred. After preroasting at 800 °C, the reaction of hydroxyl removal of mica completed, and vanadium oxidation was not hindered. Preroasting at temperatures below 800 °C could only oxidize the V4+ of mica surface and could not oxidize the V3+ presented in the mica lattice, resulting in a small amount of V5+ appearing in the preroasted slag. The stage of carbon removal was controlled by chemical reaction and was mainly affected by temperature. When the preroasting temperature was reduced to below 600 °C, the oxidation time of carbon was found to be prolonged. The temperature was not sufficient to expand the spacing of the mica laminated structure, making it difficult to create favorable conditions for the oxidation of vanadium during the sodium roasting process.
Spatio‐temporal partitioning between two sympatric crocodilians (Gavialis gangeticus & Crocodylus palustris) in Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary, India
Authors: Choudhary Shikha , Choudhury Binod Chandra , Gopi Govindhan Veeraswami 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Gavialis gangeticus (gharial) and Crocodylus palustris (mugger) have a sympatric distribution in the northern and eastern river systems of India, but no single extensive study exists on the mechanisms favouring the coexistence of these species, or explains whether mugger have a detrimental effect on gharial. For the effective conservation of gharial within its natural range it is very important to study the impacts of various habitat attributes on its distribution. This study was undertaken to investigate how resources are shared by the species, and the key requirements that lead to the selection of a particular basking and nesting site.
Results indicate that the habitat variables that lead to the selection of basking sites differed between the species, and varied between seasons. In winter, habitat variables responsible for the selection of a basking site by gharial were slope, height, soil moisture, presence of sandbar, distance to water, and current land‐use pattern, whereas for mugger the relevant habitat variables were slope and height only. During the summer, habitat use, depth gradient, and distance to water were factors for mugger, whereas slope, height, soil moisture, the presence of a sandbar, water depth gradient, and distance to water were important habitat attributes for gharial.
Gharial and mugger had a totally different preference of habitat attributes for nest‐site selection. Gharial laid eggs near water and only in sandy soil, whereas mugger nests were found far from a water source and no substrate preference was shown.
Effective habitat management is imperative for the conservation of gharial. Restocking with individuals bred in captivity might increase the population in the short term, but in order to create a viable population, long‐term habitat conservation plans are required.
Gem‐dinitromethyl‐substituted Energetic Metal–Organic Framework based on 1,2,3‐Triazole from in situ Controllable Synthesis
Authors: Gu Hao , Ma Qing , Huang Shiliang , Zhang Zhenqi , Zhang Qi , Cheng Guangbin , Yang Hongwei , Fan Guijuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractSynthesizing energetic metal–organic frameworks at ambient temperature and pressure has been always a challenge in the research area of energetic materials. In this work, through in situ controllable synthesis, energetic metal–organic framework gem‐dinitromethyl‐substituted dipotassium 4,5‐bis(dinitromethyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole with a “cage‐like” crystal packing was obtained and characterized. Most importantly, for the first time, we found that it could be successfully afforded with a catalytic effect of trifluoroacetic acid. This new compound exhibited its high density (2.04 g cm−3) at ambient temperature, superior detonation velocity (8715 m s−1) to that of lead azide (5877 m s−1) and comparable to that of RDX (8748 m s−1). Its detonation products are mainly N2 (48.1 %), suggesting it is also a green energetic material. The above‐mentioned performance indicates its potential applications in detonator devices as lead‐free primary explosive.