bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in In Situ TEM for Dynamic Studies of Carbon‐Based Anodes in Alkali Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Jinchao , Zhang Jiyun , Jing Jingyi , Wang Ya , Du Gaohui , Yang Yongzhen , Yan Lingpeng , Su Qingmei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐energy‐density anode materials are crucial for achieving high performance alkali metal‐ion batteries (AMIBs). In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables real‐time observation of microstructural changes in electrode materials and interfaces during charging/discharging, crucial for designing high‐performance anodes. This paper highlights and reviews the dynamic studies of the relationship between the structure and the electrochemical performance of carbon‐based composite materials used as anodes in AMIBs by in situ TEM. First, the in situ TEM technique and cell construction method are introduced, followed by an overview of in situ TEM integrates with other advanced measurement techniques. Second, the fundamental working principles of various AMIBs and the energy storage mechanisms of anode materials are explained, along with the achievable functions of in situ TEM in AMIBs. Third, from different carbon matrix structures, including carbon‐supported, carbon‐embedded, carbon‐coated, carbon‐encapsulated, and hybrid carbon‐composite structures, in situ dynamic studies on the electrochemical behaviors of these carbon‐based anode materials by TEM are covered in depth. Finally, a summary of the design ideas and the technical application of in situ TEM for carbon‐based anode composites is provided, followed by a suggestion for current challenges and future research paths.
Cation‐Vacancy Engineering Modulated Perovskite Oxide for Boosting Electrocatalytic Conversion of Polysulfides
Authors: Bai Zhe , Wang Zhenhua , Wang Tan , Wu Zeyu , Gao Xiaotian , Bai Yu , Wang Guoxiu , Sun Kening 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries face challenges like polysulfide shuttle and slow conversion kinetics, hindering their practical applications in renewable energy storage and electric vehicles. Herein, a solution to solve this issue is reported by using a cation vacancy engineering strategy with rational synthesis of La‐deficient LaCoO3 (LCO‐VLa). The introduction of cation vacancies in LCO‐VLa modifies the geometric structure of coordinating atoms, exposing Co‐rich surface with more catalytically active surfaces. Meanwhile, the d‐band center of LCO‐VLa shifts toward the Fermi level, enhancing polysulfide adsorption. Furthermore, multivalent cobalt ions (Co3+/Co4+) induced by charge compensation enhance the electrical conductivity of LCO‐VLa, accelerating electron transfer processes and improving catalytic performance. Theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations demonstrate that La‐deficient LCO‐VLa effectively suppresses the polysulfide shuttle, reduces the energy barrier for polysulfide conversion, and accelerates redox reaction kinetics. LCO‐VLa‐based batteries demonstrate exceptional rate performance and cycling stability, retaining 70% capacity after nearly 500 cycles at 1.0 C, with a minimal decay rate of 0.055% per cycle. These findings highlight the significance of cation vacancy engineering for exploring precise structure‐activity relationships during polysulfides conversion, facilitating the rational design of catalysts at the atomic level for lithium‐sulfur batteries.
High‐Temperature Growth of Chirality‐Enriched, Highly Crystalline Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Single‐Chirality Separation
Authors: Han Fangqian , Li Linhai , Qian Liu , Gao Yan , Wu Qianru , Wang Zhen , Liu Huaping , Zhang Jin , He Maoshuai 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere has been significant interest in producing single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with specific chirality to ensure consistent and predictable performance. However, chirality‐selective growth has traditionally required low reaction temperatures, causing SWNTs with low graphitization degrees. In this work, a magnesia supported cobalt catalyst (Co/MgO) is introduced for chemical vapor deposition growth of SWNTs with a narrow chirality distribution even at a high temperature of 900 °C, which promotes enhanced graphitization of SWNT walls. The achievement is attributed to the strong metal‐support interactions that prevent catalyst particle sintering under harsh reaction conditions. The resulting SWNTs provide fundamental raw materials for high‐efficiency single‐chirality separation. Because of the relatively large chiral differences between the major species and their narrow chirality distribution, the study can readily isolate six distinct (n, m) SWNT types including (6, 5), (8, 3), (9, 2), (7, 5), (7, 6), and (8, 4), with purities exceeding 91% by gel chromatography. Compared with commercially HiPco‐ and CoMoCAT SG65i‐ SWNTs, the separation efficiency and yield are greatly improved. This work demonstrates the growth of high‐quality SWNTs with a narrow chirality distribution, paving the way toward their efficient single‐chirality separation.
High Thermal Conductivity Polyelectrolyte Nanocomposite Electrical Insulation Thin Films
Authors: Iverson Ethan T. , Legendre Hudson , Chakravarty Sourav , Zhang Shiyu , Fisher Sarah G. , Smith Dallin L. , Schmieg Kendra , Ge Yanxiu , Antao Dion S. , Shamberger Patrick J. , Grunlan Jaime C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractHigh‐power electronics require thin, conformal insulation that resists dielectric breakdown, while promoting removal of heat from the device. Recently, polyelectrolytes have shown promise in creating dielectric thin films, but their thermal conductivity remains relatively low (<1 W m−1 K−1). In this work, the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of polyethylenimine, mica clay, poly(acrylic acid), and hexagonal boron nitride is exploited to create a thin film dielectric material with relatively high thermal conductivity (through‐plane thermal conductivity of 1.87 ± 0.03 W m−1 K−1) and strong electrical insulation (breakdown strength of 152 kV mm−1). High thermal conductivity is obtained due to mica and hexagonal boron nitride nanoplatelets stretching through multiple layers. The performance benefits of this nanocomposite are demonstrated with a partial motor, where the nanocomposite greatly reduces the peak temperature of the motor when compared to state‐of‐the‐art polyimide insulation. This remarkable combination of thermal conductivity and dielectric breakdown strength represents a significant advancement in the electrical and thermal protection of high voltage devices.
Modification of Metal Microelectrodes with Vertical Graphene Structure for Enhanced Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
Authors: Gao Lukang , Huang Shuang , Li Xiaotong , Liu Zhengjie , Huang Xinshuo , Li Yan , Chen Hui‐jiuan , Lin Xudong , Liu Jing , Xie Xi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDetection of dopamine (DA) concentration can reflect important aspects of human brain health, including the nervous system and endocrine. Among various methods for detecting DA concentration, electrochemical detection is a promising method to allow in situ and real‐time sensing. Besides, nanomaterials modification on microelectrodes is beneficial to enhance the electrochemical detection performance. In this study, microwire electrodes are modified with vertical graphene (VG) through plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition, which is based on 4 types of electrode substrates (Au, Ti, Ag, and W). The sensing performance of DA concentrations is explored with different electrochemical methods, including EIS, CV, DPV, SWV, LSV, and NPV. The modification of VG improved the sensitivity of both Au and Ti microelectrodes and decreased the oxidation peak potentials. VG‐modified Au microelectrode exhibited the most pronounced reduction (by 50.8%) in the peak potential of the DPV curve, while VG‐modified Ti microelectrode showed the most improvement of the sensitivity (by 9140%) in SWV detection. In summary, the results demonstrated that functionalization with VG is an effective way to improve the electrochemical sensing capability among different types of electrode substrates. This is beneficial for developing high‐performance microelectrodes for in vivo detection of DA concentrations.
3D Topological Toron‐Like Domains in Magnetic Nanoparticles: A Micromagnetic Simulation
Authors: Dong Shouzhe , Liang Deshan , Guo Changqing , Wang Jing , Huang Houbing 
Published: November 2024

Abstract3D topological textures have attracted significant attention from researchers due to their distinctive spatial arrangements and intriguing physical properties. However, investigating their topological domain structures at the submicron scale (<1000 nm) proves exceedingly elusive and under‐explored. Here, the size‐dependent behaviors of non‐uniform magnetic domain structures within submicron‐sized FeNi magnetic nanoparticles by micromagnetic simulations are systematically explored. Notably, the existence of magnetic toron‐like structures at the submicron scale and discuss their spatial arrangement and topological properties are identified. Furthermore, critical transition sizes are calculated under various aspect ratios, and the domain structure phase diagram based on nanoparticle size and aspect ratio is constructed. Through visualizations of domain flipping processes and dynamic energy changes, the stable existence of toron‐like magnetic configuration resulting from the competition among demagnetization energy, magnetic anisotropy energy, and magnetic exchange energy are unveiled. Finally, the utilization of core‐shell structures to achieve the stable existence of 3D topological textures are proposed. This work provides important theoretical insights for understanding and designing multi‐domain structures of FeNi nanoparticles at the submicron scale, as well as for constructing topological textures.
Deciphering the prognostic landscape of triple‐negative breast cancer: A focus on immune‐related hub genes and therapeutic implications
Authors: Krishnamoorthy HemaNandini Rajendran , Karuppasamy Ramanathan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), known for its hostile nature and limited treatment modalities, has spurred researchers to explore novel approaches for enhancing clinical outcomes. Here, the study aimed to analyze transcriptomics data to identify immune‐related hub genes associated with TNBC that might serve as prognostic biomarkers. Initially, we determined genes that were differentially expressed between TNBC and normal tissues by integrating microarray and RNA sequencing data. Then, through protein–protein interaction and module analysis, we identified five putative hub genes: AURKA, CCNB1, CDCA8, GAPDH, and TOP2A. Subsequently, gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses revealed that the hub genes were primarily involved in the progesterone‐mediated oocyte maturation signaling pathway and oocyte meiosis. Additionally, we observed that these five hub genes were significantly elevated at both protein and mRNA levels in TNBC tissues and contributed to worse survival. Furthermore, the expression of these hub genes exhibited a strong positive association with immune‐invading cells such as CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells, and dendritic cells. The analysis of the regulatory network revealed three transcription factors (YBX‐1, E2F1, and E2F3) and three posttranscriptional regulators (hsa‐mir‐25‐3p, hsa‐mir‐92a‐3p, and hsa‐let‐7b‐5p) of hub genes. Finally, we explored potential drug candidates for the hub genes using Drug‐Gene Interaction Database and discovered that there are no FDA‐approved drugs for CCNB1 and CDCA8, highlighting a promising area for future research. Taken together, our results will be of immense importance in addressing the intricacies of TNBC.
A Retrospective Evaluation of Ototoxicity Monitoring in a Cohort of Pediatric Patients With Solid Tumors, Treated in the Dutch National Cancer Center
Authors: Diepstraten Franciscus A. , Bertram Odette M. M. , Helleman Hiske W. , Boerboom Ralf A. , van Grotel Martine , Zsíros József , Tytgat Godelieve A. M. , van Tinteren Harm , Stokroos Robert J. , Janssens Geert O. , Hoetink Alex E. , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Meijer Annelot J. M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionOtotoxicity is an adverse effect of childhood cancer treatment with a negative impact on speech‐language development and quality of life. This study aimed to retrospectively assess ototoxicity monitoring in a national cohort of pediatric patients with solid tumors, examining the frequency and determinants associated with hearing loss (HL).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 305 patients treated between 2015 and 2020 at the Princess Máxima Center. Patients receiving platinum agents, head and neck radiotherapy, and/or ear‐nose‐throat surgery were analyzed. Electronic patient files provided demographic, clinical, and audiological data. HL was defined as Muenster ≥ 2b or SIOP ≥ 2 grade. Associations between clinical characteristics and HL occurrence were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsAudiological monitoring was performed at baseline (62.6%), during treatment (79.0%), and at the end of treatment (82.1%). Post treatment, 51.2% and 36.5% experienced Muenster and SIOP‐defined HL, respectively. Multivariable analyses revealed that age at diagnosis (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.9–1.0), total cumulative dose cisplatin per 100 mg/m2 (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–2.0), and vincristine treatment (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–7.8) remained significantly associated with Muenster grade ≥ 2b HL. Age at diagnosis in years (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.8–1.0), total cumulative dose cisplatin per 100 mg/m2 (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.8), and male sex (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.4–5.3) were associated with SIOP ≥ 2 HL.ConclusionThis study shows that more than half of the children treated with ototoxic cancer therapies develop HL by the end of treatment. Therefore, audiological monitoring during and after treatment is essential. Improved insight into clinical determinants aids in identifying patients at high risk for HL, who may benefit from prevention strategies that are currently being implemented.
The Prognostic Significance of Tumor Budding and Cell Nest Size in Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Anousha Kiana , Shekari Mohammad Moin , Mirzaian Elham , Yousefi Tahere , Beheshti Amin , Lotfi Maryam 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLaryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a commonly occurring malignancy in the head and neck region. However, due to the heterogeneity of primary tumor sites, tumor behavior, and molecular mechanisms, there is currently no consensus on the accuracy of clinicopathological prognostic factors for individual cases. Tumor histopathologic behavior remains a crucial factor in predicting aggressiveness. Recent studies have shown that peritumoral tumor budding (TB) combined with cell nest size (CNS) is a reliable marker for predicting lymph node metastasis, advanced cancer prognosis, and therapeutic response in SCCs of different origins.AimsThis study aims to investigate the relationship between TB and CNS in the context of nodal metastasis and overall prognosis in patients diagnosed with LSCC. Our objective is to establish the significance of TB and CNS status as a cost‐effective, easily assessed, and highly reliable prognostic factor among this patient population.Methods and resultsIn this retrospective cross‐sectional study, we analyzed 128 LSCC cases that underwent total laryngectomy at Amir Alam Hospital. We evaluated TB and CNS based on the Boxberg et al. study. Our study demonstrated a significant correlation between TB, and nodal involvement (p = 0.015), vascular invasion (p = 0.035), and mortality rate (p = 0.001), as well as a significant statistical correlation between high TB and extra‐laryngeal extension (p = 0.006), clinical stage (p = 0.011), and mortality rate (p = 0.001). Moreover, small nest size was also associated with the clinical stage (p = 0.047), extra‐laryngeal extension (p = 0.015), and mortality rate (p < 0.001). Based on our results, TB, CNS, and clinical stage are independent prognostic factors for mortality rate and are correlated with disease‐specific survival.ConclusionGiven the effect of TB and CNS on the overall prognosis and survival of patients with LSCC, evaluating these two factors on routine H&E microscopic examination of LSCC specimens is recommended to facilitate individualized risk assessment and treatment planning.
Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver: First Case Reported in Central America
Authors: García Amilcar Antonio Alfaro , Fonseca Ludwing Bacon , del Rosario Romero Alvarez Maria 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundUndifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare and aggressive mesenchymal tumor, typically occurring in children. It poses significant diagnostic challenges due to its atypical presentation and rarity in clinical practice.CaseWe report the first case in Central America of a 19‐year‐old female presenting with chronic abdominal pain and a liver mass. Imaging revealed a solid and cystic lesion in the liver, and a subsequent complete surgical resection confirmed the diagnosis of UESL. The patient received adjuvant chemotherapy and has been disease‐free for 34 months.ConclusionThis case highlights the importance of complete surgical resection combined with chemotherapy to improve prognosis in UESL. Our findings emphasize the need to consider UESL in differential diagnoses of liver lesions, especially in regions where it has not been previously reported.
Doping Control Analysis of Total Carbon Dioxide (TCO2) in Equine Plasma by Headspace Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HS‐GC/MS)
Authors: Kwok Karen Y. , Kwok Wai Him , Wan Terence S. M. , Brooks Lydia , Popot Marie‐Agnes , Jaubert Murielle , Bailly‐Chouriberry Ludovic , Heffron Brendan T. , Choo Chak Kwen , Tso Juanita , Tso Richard , McKenzie Bob , Selvadurai Naomi , Batty David , Gray Bob , Hudson Adam , Ragazzoni Stefania , Claudio Mariani , Ho Emmie N. M. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of alkalinising agents prior to racing for manipulating performance in the horse has been identified since the 1990s. To mitigate the risk, an international threshold for available carbon dioxide in equine plasma based on analyses using the Beckman Synchron EL‐ISE analyser was adopted in 1994 by the International Federation of Horseracing Authorities (IFHA) and revised from 37 to 36 mM in 2004. In 2009, the technical support for the above instrument was discontinued by its manufacturer. Based on the same measurement principle (i.e., ion selective electrode), the Beckman DxC600 analyser was selected as an alternative and validated against the protocol developed by the Association of Official Racing Chemists (AORC). Recently, the DxC600 analyser is also no longer supported by Beckman. Various alternative methods for measuring total carbon dioxide (TCO2) in plasma have been explored. Among these, a headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐GC/MS) method was first reported by the Analytical Forensic Testing Laboratory (AFTL) in 2017. Methods based on the same measurement principle were later developed by different horseracing laboratories. With the objective of cross‐validating the new HS‐GC/MS methods and to establish an absolute (rather than instrument‐dependent or empirical) threshold, an international research collaboration was initiated among different racing laboratories. This paper describes the results of cross‐validation studies conducted in November 2019 and December 2022 using horse administration samples from Canada and France, respectively, the determination of a threshold based on population data, and some technical insights on the HS‐GC/MS methods.
Psychological Characteristics of Fathers of People With Bulimia Nervosa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Akkese M. N. , Keeler J. L. , Teh J. Y. , Treasure J. , Himmerich H. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveBulimia nervosa (BN) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that has negative effects on the physical and psychological health of sufferers. Father‐specific factors have been understudied in the context of BN. This systematic review aims to understand the psychosocial and psychopathological features of fathers of people with BN and their associations with the offspring's outcomes.MethodA literature search on APA PsycINFO, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and Open Science Framework yielded 2421 studies. These papers were independently evaluated based on the eligibility criteria. 29 studies were included in this review. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools were used for the assessment of the methodological quality of the eligible studies.ResultsAcross studies, no significant differences were found in perceptual body‐size distortion, self‐ideal discrepancy, eating‐/weight‐/body‐related attitudes, several personality and ED traits, and general psychological functioning between fathers of the BN group and those of the comparison groups. However, significant differences were found in certain psychological aspects (e.g., impulse regulation) and ED‐associated features (e.g., body dissatisfaction). Finally, significant relationships were found between the fathers' food attitudes, muscularity ratings, personality traits, and substance abuse and their offspring's risk of developing BN, greater body dissatisfaction, ED symptoms, and poor end‐of‐treatment outcome.DiscussionAlthough the existing literature does not seem to strongly suggest a particular paternal factor pertaining to BN, several father‐specific variables may be associated with the offspring's BN symptomatology and related characteristics. Further research is necessary to clearly understand paternal features in the context of BN.
Multivariate linear regression to predict association of non‐invasive arterial stiffness with cardiovascular events
Authors: Darroudi Susan , Eslamiyeh Mostafa , Mansoori Amin , Nazar Eisa , Alinezhad‐Namaghi Maryam , Rezvani Reza , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid , Esmaily Habibollah , Moohebati Mohsen , Ferns Gordon A. , Ghamsary Mark 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundArterial stiffness is a crucial factor in determining an increase in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure and can also predict the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between arterial stiffness and future CVD.MethodsOut of the original 9704 participants in the Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) cohort study, we randomly selected 363 healthy participants, 226 normal subjects (who reported symptoms of CVD but were not confirmed) and 292 individuals who had experienced a major cardiovascular event. The SphygmoCor XCEL System (AtCor Medical Incorporation) was utilized to measure pulse wave velocity (PWV), central augmentation index (CAI), cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) and central aortic pressure (CAP). A multivariate multiple regression model was used to analyse the factors associated with non‐invasive arterial stiffness parameters (PWV, CAVI, CAP and CAI) after adjusting for potential confounders. All statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 21 with a significance level of 0.05.ResultsThe mean PWV was significantly higher in patients who had experienced a confirmed CVD event (P < 0.001). The multivariate multiple regression model results, after adjusting for potential confounders, showed a significant association between PWV and the CVD group (normal vs. healthy and event vs. healthy), as well as between hypertension and obesity with PWV and diabetes with CAI (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPWV was found to be associated with CVD and its related risk factors such as diabetes, obesity and hypertension. It may be more effective than other arterial stiffness parameters in predicting CVD in clinical settings.