bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insight into Blood Pressure Targets for Universal Coverage of Hypertension Services in Iran: The 2017 ACC/AHA versus JNC 8 Hypertension Guidelines
Authors: Mahdavi Mahdi , Parsaeian Mahboubeh , Mohajer Bahram , Modirian Mitra , Ahmadi Naser , Yoosefi Moein , Mehdipour Parinaz , Djalalinia Shirin , Rezaei Nazila , Haghshenas Rosa , Pazhuheian Forough , Madadi Zahra , Sabooni Mahdi , Razi Farideh , Samiee Siamak Mirab , Farzadfar Farshad 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: We assessed and compared the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in Iran under two hypertension guidelines; the 2017 ACC/AHA with an aggressive blood pressure target 130/80 mm Hg and commonly used guideline JNC8 with 140/90 mm Hg. We shed light on the implications of 2017 ACC/AHA for population subgroups and high risk individuals eligible for non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies.
Methods: Data were obtained from the Iran national STEPS 2016 study. Participants included 27 738 adults ≥25 years as a representative sample of Iranians. The logistic regression models with a survey design were used to examine the determinants of prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension.
Results: The prevalence of hypertension based on JNC8 was 29.9% (95% CI: 29.2-30.6), which soared to 53.7% (52.9-54.4) by 2017 ACC/AHA. Awareness, treatment, and control were 59.2% (58.0-60.3), 80.2% (78.9-81.4), and 39.1% (37.4-40.7) based on JNC8, which dropped to 37.1% (36.2-38.0), 71.3% (69.9-72.7), and 19.6% (18.3-21.0) respectively by 2017 ACC/AHA. By new guideline, adults 25-34 years had the largest increase in prevalence (from 7.3% to 30.7%). They also had the lowest awareness and treatment rate but the highest control rate (36.5%) among age groups. Compared with JNC8, under 2017 ACC/AHA, 24%, 15%, 17%, and 11% more individuals with dyslipidaemia, high triglyceride, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events respectively fell into the hypertensive category. Yet, based on 2017 ACC/AHA, 68.2% of individuals falling into hypertensive group were supposed to receive medications (versus 95.7% in JNC8). LDL cholesterol, physical activity, and one unit of Body Mass Index were found to change blood pressure by -3.56 (-4.38, -2.74), -2.04 (-2.58, -1.50), and 0.48 (0.42, 0.53) mm Hg respectively.
Conclusions: Switching from JNC8 to 2017 ACC/AHA highlighted sharp increases in prevalence and drastic declines in awareness, treatment, and control in Iran. By the 2017 ACC/AHA, more young adults and those with chronic comorbidities fell into the hypertensive category, thus might benefit from earlier interventions such as lifestyle modifications. The low control rate among treated individuals calls for a critical review of hypertension services in Iran.
Translation and validation of the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) into Sinhala Language in Sri Lanka
Authors: Patabendige Malitha , Palihawadana Thilina S , Herath Rasika P , Wijesinghe Prasantha S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction

The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) was initially produced to assess women’s perceptions regarding their first birth experience. A robust validated instrument to evaluate first birth experience is currently lacking in Sri Lankan obstetric practice.

Objectives

Main objectives of our study were to adapt the CEQ among Sri Lankan Sinhala speaking women and to determine the psychometric properties of CEQ. This would yield an opportunity to evaluate childbirth experience among our women.

Method

Validation study was carried out by translating the English CEQ into Sinhala language following standard methodology comprising of forward and back translation. Total of 390 postpartum women were recruited through convenience sampling method at University Unit, North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka, from February 2017 to January 2018. Initially CEQ was given to be completed four weeks after delivery and again two weeks postnatal. Mothers were asked to post the completed CEQ. Face validity was tested among twenty-five postnatal mothers and with seven labour ward staff members. Psychometric properties; internal consistency and validity of the CEQ were evaluated. Known-groups validation was used for construct validity.

Results

A total of 226 (57.9%) of the recruited postnatal mothers completed the CEQ after one month postpartum. Face validity in Sri Lankan sample was demonstrated with all participants stating that CEQ was easy to understand and complete. Internal consistency was acceptable for the overall score (0.85) and for all four domains in CEQ (0.65, 0.80, 0.70, 0.83 for “own capacity”, “professional support”, “perceived safety” and “participation”, respectively). Women with spontaneous onset of labour (except for “professional support” in women with spontaneous onset of labour) and women with a normal delivery showed significantly higher CEQ scores. However, oxytocin augmentation could not yield a difference in CEQ scores. A weighted kappa of 0.61-0.80 for all 22 items in CEQ demonstrated a good test-retest reliability.

Conclusions

This study shows that Sinhala version of CEQ can be used as a reliable and valid tool of childbirth experience among Sri Lankan Sinhala speaking women.
Burden of Talaromyces marneffei infection in people living with HIV/AIDS in Asia during ART era: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qin Yuanyuan , Huang Xiaojie , Chen Hui , Liu Xinchao , Li Yao , Hou Jianhua , Li Aixin , Chen Yaokai , Yan Xiaofeng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background： Talaromyces marneffei (TM) is a dimorphic fungus mainly prevalent in Southeast Asian countries, which often causes disseminated life-threatening infection. TM infection often occurs in HIV/AIDS patients even in the antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. However, there has not been a systematic analysis of the prevalence of TM infection in HIV-infected populations in Asia. Methods：In this study, we searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang from inception to 21 November 2018 for studies reporting TM infection in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Our meta-analysis included studies investigating the prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA. Reviews, duplicate studies, and animal studies were excluded. Random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence and meta-regression analysis was conducted to explore potential factors for heterogeneity. Results： 159,064 patients with HIV infection in 33 eligible studies were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of TM infection in PLWHA was 4.0%. Vietnam had the highest prevalence (6.4%), followed by Thailand (3.9%), China (3.3%), India (3.2%) and Malaysia (2.1%). In China, TM infection was most prevalent in South China (15.0%), while the burden in Southwest China was not very heavy (0.3%). TM infection in PLWHA in lower latitude area was significantly more prevalent than that in higher latitude area (OR 2.838, 95%CI: 2.376-3.390, P<0.001). CD4 counts below 200 cells/mm3 increased the risk of TM infection in PLWHA (OR 12.68, 95%CI: 9.58-16.77). However, accessing ART did not significantly decrease the risk of TM infection in PLWHA.Conclusions： The burden of TM infection is heavy in Asia and varies from region to region. PLWHA in lower latitude areas are more likely to suffer from TM infection. Prophylaxis against TM should be given to HIV-infected people with low CD4 counts who is living in or has visited endemic areas.
Viral infection and glioma: a meta-analysis of prognosis
Authors: Cai Ze-Hao , Yang Shou-Bo , Li Xiao-Yan , Chen Feng , Li Wen-Bin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background: Glioma is the most common primary brain tumor, occurring due to the carcinogenesis of glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Many aspects of the mechanism of its tumorigenesis remain unknown. The relationship between viral infection and glioma is one of the most important research aspects in this field. Currently, there is a lack of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to evaluate the effect of viral infection on the prognosis of glioma patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between viral infection and the prognosis of glioma patients, aimed at evaluating the prognostic value of the detection of viral infection.Method: Through careful and comprehensive retrieval of results from the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, eligible articles were selected strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The regional sources, detection methods, detection indicators, patient survival, and other data from the samples in the papers were extracted, and the integrated analysis was conducted using Stata 15.1. We conducted a subgroup analysis of the relationship between the degree of infection and prognosis in cytomegalovirus (CMV) patients. Results: A total of 11 studies were included in the analysis. Among them, 7 studies involved the relationship between CMV infection and the prognosis of patients with glioma, 2 studies involved human papillomavirus (HPV), 2 studies involved human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), and one study involved simian virus 40 (SV40), woolly monkey sarcoma virus (WMSV) and human endogenous retrovirus K113 (HERV-K113). In the CMV study, the pooled Hazard ratio (HR) of Overall survival (OS) was 1.024 (CI: 0.698–1.501), with a P value of 0.905. The pooled HR of Progression free survival (PFS) was 1.067 (CI: 0.770–1.478), with a P value of 0.697. The pooled HR value of low-degree infection versus high-degree infection was 1.476 (CI: 0.799–2.727), with a P value of 0.213. In the HPV study, the pooled HR of OS was 1.467 (CI: 0.552–3.901), with a P value of 0.443. Conclusion: CMV infection has no significant effect on the prognosis of glioma patients. Using the IEA as the detection index, the degree of CMV infection was found to have a significant impact on the prognosis of glioma patients; it was not found to possess a significant prognostic value after the integration of different indicators. Neither HPV nor HHV-6 infection has a significant effect on the prognosis of glioma patients. SV40 and WMSV infection are associated with poor prognosis in patients with low-grade glioma.
Retrospective Analysis of Adverse Events of Continuous Interscalene Block Administered Using the Catheter-Over-Needle Method.
Authors: Tanizima Meisyu , Takechi Kenichi , Nakanishi Kazuo , Yorozuya Toshihiro 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose Continuous interscalene block is widely used for pain management in shoulder surgery. However, continuous interscalene block using the catheter-through-needle method reportedly causes adverse events, such as pericatheter leakage of the local anesthetic, phrenic nerve paralysis, and hoarseness. Because we expected the catheter-over-needle method to reduce those adverse events, we analyzed cases in which continuous interscalene block was administered using the catheter-over-needle method to determine when and what adverse events occurred.Methods We retrospectively reviewed anesthesia and medical records of adult patients who inserted the catheter with a continuous interscalene block administered with the catheter-over-needle method at our hospital from July 2015 to July 2017.Results During the surveillance period, 122 adult patients inserted the catheter with a continuous interscalene block administered using the catheter-over-needle method. We found no case of pericatheter local anesthetic leakage. Other adverse events—dyspnea, hoarseness, insufficient anesthetic effect, dizziness, cough reflex during drinking, or ptosis—were observed in 42 cases (34.4%). Most of the adverse events occurred on postoperative day 2. The median time between surgery and onset of the adverse event was 28.5 hours.Conclusions The catheter-over-needle method may prevent the pericatheter leakage of the local anesthetic. However, the number of other adverse events that occurred with continuous interscalene block was remarkable. During continuous interscalene block, patients must be observed carefully for adverse events, especially on postoperative day 2.
Sociodemographic characteristics associated with alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences, a latent class analysis. The WIRUS screening study
Authors: Skogen Jens Christoffer , Bøe Tormod , Thørrisen Mikkel Magnus , Riper Heleen , Aas Randi Wågø 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background For alcohol, the association with socioeconomic status (SES) is different than for other public health challenges – the associations are complex, and heterogeneous between socioeconomic groups. Specifically, the relationship between alcohol consumption per se and adverse health consequences seems to be different across SES. This observation is called the ‘alcohol harm paradox’.Aims This study aims to describe different patterns of alcohol use and potential problems. Next, the associations between sub-groups characterized by different patterns of alcohol use and potential problems, and age, gender, educational level, percentage of employment, occupational level and income is analysed.Methods Employing data from the ongoing cross-sectional WIRUS-study, N=4,318 participants were included in the present study. Individual response patterns of the ten-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were analysed and latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify latent groups. Next, the associations between the classes identified in the best fitting LCA-model and sociodemographic factors was analysed and presented.Results We found support for 3 classes based on the response patterns on AUDIT. Class 1 was characterised by low-level alcohol consumption and very low probability of negative alcohol-related consequences (items 4-10 on AUDIT) related to their alcohol consumption. Class 2 was characterised by a higher level of consumption, but despite this, class 2 also had a relatively low probability of reporting negative alcohol-related consequences. Class 3, however, was characterised by high levels of alcohol consumption, and a high probability of reporting negative consequences of their consumption. The classes identified were systematically differentially associated with the included measures of SES.Conclusions Our findings highlight the interconnectedness of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related consequences. Further, our related the identified classes and SES yields further insights into to intricate relationship between various socioeconomic factors, alcohol use patterns and related negative consequences.
STAG2 Coupled With p53 Alteration Has a Significant Impact on Bladder Cancer Recurrence and Progression
Authors: Chen Jiangchuan , Xu Zhigang , Meng Xiao-Dong , Li Jie , Chen Yin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background:There is an unmet need for additional biomarkers for stratifying tumors based on their risk of recurrence and progression. Stromal antigen 2 (STAG2) and p53 are the most common mutations in bladder cancer and their association with the prognosis of bladder cancer remains unclear.Methods:Patients were divided into two cohorts according to stage and surgical procedure. The value of combined STAG2 expression (+/-) and P53 mutation (+/-) was evaluated for prediction of recurrence in 334 patients diagnosed by transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and for prediction of survival in 144 patients who underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy( RCPLT).Results:We found that,in the 334 TURBT-treated patients, recurrence rate was significantly greater for STAG2(+) tumors than STAG2(-) tumors (73.5% vs. 55.0%, P=0.001). Of 144 RCPLT-treated patients, 127 (88.2%) were STAG2(+), of which 71 (55.9%) survived 5 years, compared to none of the 17 STAG2(-) patients. Patients with combined STAG2(+)/P53 mutation(+) tumors had the highest recurrence rate (83.5%) while patients with STAG2(-)/P53(-) tumors had the lowest recurrence rate (50%). Patients with STAG2(+)/P53(-) tumors achieved the highest 5-year survival rate (69.7%). Systemic chemotherapy did not improve prognosis of RCPLT-treated patients, but appeared to benefit STAG2(-) patients.Conclusions: Our results suggest that combined STAG2 expression and P53 status is a valuable biomarker for BCa prognosis, accurately predicting recurrence in TURBT-treated patients. STAG2(+)/P53(-) predicted a higher five-year survival and STAG2(-) predicted low five-year survival in RCPLT-treated patients. Chemotherapy may interfere with this predictive efficacy, especially in STAG2(-) patients.
Detection of minimal residual disease in adult acute myeloid leukemia via CD25
Authors: Wang Wei , Li Yan , Ma Lan , Hu Wen-Qing , Jiang Bin 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Background
We detected the expression of CD25 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to value whether CD25 could be a promising marker for minimal residual disease (MRD).
Methods
Two hundred and twenty bone marrow (BM) specimens from 98 adult patients with AML after chemotherapy were detected using flow cytometry. The expression of CD25 was compared between MRD positive and negative subgroups.
Results
About 38% of patients with MRD were positive for CD25. The mean percentage of CD25-positive cell subpopulation was 58.68% relative to the whole MRD cluster (0.05%-100%). The mean fluorescence index ratio (MFIR) of CD25 in these cell subpopulations was approximately13-fold greater than that in normal myeloblasts. The detection sensitivity of CD25 was as high as 10 -4 . CD25 was also expressed on non-leukemic stem cells that were positive for CD34 and CD38.
Conclusion
CD25, as assessed by flow cytometry, is a promising marker for MRD in patients with AML.
Effect of Broiler Litter Application Method on Metal Runoff from Pastures
Authors: Lamba Jasmeet , Srivastava Puneet , Way Thomas R. , Malhotra Kritika 
Published: August 2019

Loss of metals from agricultural fields to surface water bodies causes deterioration of surface water quality. Method of application of broiler litter can affect loss of metals in surface runoff. Subsurface banding of broiler litter can decrease loss of P and N in surface runoff relative to surface application of broiler litter. However, limited research has been done to evaluate the impact of litter application method on loss of metals in surface runoff. Therefore, the objective of this research was to quantify differences in loss of metals in surface runoff from a tall fescue pasture as a function of method of application of broiler litter (i.e., surface vs. subsurface application). A rainfall simulation study was conducted in the Sand Mountain region of north Alabama. Results indicate that concentration and loadings of Cu, K, Mg, and Zn decreased in surface runoff as a result of application of broiler litter in subsurface bands and were similar between the subsurface‐banded broiler litter and control (no litter applied) treatments. Greater than 90% of the applied rainfall infiltrated, indicating that losses of metals via lateral and subsurface flows can be substantial. Overall, results of this study show that application of broiler litter in subsurface bands can reduce loss of metals in surface runoff. Future research studies should investigate the impact of method of application of broiler litter on the metal losses in leachate and subsurface flows.Core Ideas
Broiler litter application method affects loss of metals in runoff.
Subsurface banding of broiler litter reduced concentrations of metals in runoff.
Loss of metals via lateral flow pathways could be significant in this region.
Evidence for the Existence of Humic Acids in Peat Soils Based on Solid‐State 13C NMR
Authors: Hatcher Patrick G. , Waggoner Derek C. , Chen Hongmei 
Published: August 2019

Humic extracts, in particular humic acids, of organic‐rich peat soils were examined by solid‐state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and shown to be integral components of the peat, contrary to recent suggestions that humic materials are artifacts of alkali extraction. The authenticity of humic substances is demonstrated by recombining the various humic fractions and comparing the NMR spectrum of the recombined peat with the original untreated peat sample. Even though significant NMR‐determined structural differences exist between humic acids and the insoluble humin fractions, the recombination reproduces the original unextracted peat quite well. Applying a biopolymer mixing model to the spectra shows that humic acids have a high proportion of char‐like material that is interpreted as being derived from noncombustion polymerization or secondary synthesis during humification, a process that has been challenged by a recent soil formation model.Core Ideas
Solid‐state 13C NMR of soils isolated by dilute alkali proves the existence of humic acids.
Molecular mixing model and physical reconstitution both confirm the alkali extracts are real.
More char‐like structures in humic acids than humin suggests secondary synthesis formation.
Do Fulvic, Humic, and Humin Carbon Fractions Represent Meaningful Biological, Physical, and Chemical Carbon Pools?
Authors: Sherrod Lucretia A. , Vigil Merle F. , Stewart Catherine E. 
Published: August 2019

Humic fractions have been used to characterize soil organic matter chemistry and to identify different carbon (C) pools. The relevance of alkaline fractionation is questioned because of probable artifacts created by the extraction. Fractionation using water‐soluble organic C (WSOC), soil microbial biomass C (SMBC), permanganate‐oxidizable C (POX‐C), and particulate organic matter C (POM‐C) methodologies are sensitive to C changes. Mineral‐associated organic C (MAOC) includes WSOC and other C fractions that are not all passive C. We measured 15 proficiency soils ranging in texture, mineralogy, pH, and soil organic C (SOC) to isolate C pools with differing turnover times. We define WSOC, SMBC, POX‐C, and fulvic acid (FA) as fast pools. Slow cycling pools include POM‐C and humic acid (HA) fractions, whereas passive pools include MAOC minus WSOC (PMAOC) and humin C (HC). Data showed FA was correlated with POX‐C (r = 0.84) as a fast C pool but was slightly more correlated with PMAOC (r = 0.86), a passive pool. Slow C pools of HA and POM‐C were not strongly correlated (r = 0.49). All alkaline fractions of C showed highest correlations to PMAOC, followed by POX‐C, and all showed poor correlations with POM‐C. The conventional first extraction fraction (A) yielded 70% recovery of the total FA extracted, whereas only 45% of HA was obtain. Acid soils on average had higher total FA. The regression model using physical fractionation was the best (SOC = WSOC + POM‐C + PMAOC, R2 0.98). Only the HA fraction was a significant parameter in the regression of SOC = FA + HA + HC (p = 0.0029).Core Ideas
Humic acid C showed the strongest correlation to all C pools except POM‐C.
Recovery of fulvic C in conventional fraction was 70% of a total of three fractions.
Recovery of humic acid C in conventional fraction was 45% of a total of three fractions.
The distribution of fulvic (FA) to humic acid (HA) C changed with acid soils having higher FA.
Regression of soil organic C = FA + HA + humin only showed the HA to be significant.