bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated approach for cetacean knowledge and conservation in the central Mediterranean Sea using research and social media data sources
Authors: Pace Daniela Silvia , Giacomini Giancarlo , Campana Ilaria , Paraboschi Miriam , Pellegrino Giuliana , Silvestri Margherita , Alessi Jessica , Angeletti Dario , Cafaro Valentina , Pavan Gianni , Ardizzone Giandomenico , Arcangeli Antonella 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Sources of data other than those derived from conventional research protocols may contribute valuable information to fill gaps in knowledge about cetacean occurrences and diversity in a given area and help address conservation issues.
The performance of a method to examine cetacean communities based on presence records systematically derived from shared photographs and videos posted by boaters and maritime operators on social media (e.g. YouTube and Facebook) combined with patchy distributed visual/acoustic data collected by researchers has been evaluated.
Records (N = 1,274) gathered over a 10‐year period (2008–2017) have been used to obtain insights into species' presence and habitat selection in a scattered study area of the central Mediterranean Sea (Italy). The effectiveness of the method, practical and theoretical advantages, limitations, and challenges of using data originated from social media for research and conservation purposes are discussed.
Seven out of the eight cetacean species regularly residing in the Mediterranean have been reported in the area, with different relative densities. Maximum entropy modelling techniques have been applied to the datasets derived from (a) social media, (b) research surveys, and (c) the combination of the two, using six fixed variables as proxies for cetacean presence. Distance from the coast and depth emerged as the main variables predicting encounters, with specificities related to the ecology of the species.
The approach was reliable enough to obtain broad‐scale, baseline information on cetacean communities in the region, on the basis of which initial conservation recommendations and future research programmes can be proposed.
With the increasing need for studying whale and dolphin population ecology coming from national/international directives, support from citizens to aid research may act as a practical, inexpensive solution to gathering extensive spatial–temporal data for regional‐scale monitoring and for the development of management priorities.
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Induced Chiral Axis Construction: Theoretical Study of Cinchonine–Thiourea‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Intramolecular Cycloaddition
Authors: Shan Chunhui , Zhang Tao , Xiong Qin , Yan Hailong , Bai Ruopeng , Lan Yu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractTheoretical calculations were performed to investigate the mechanism and enantioselectivity of cinchonine–thiourea‐catalyzed intramolecular hetero‐Diels–Alder cycloaddition of ethynylphenol derivatives to afford axial chirality naphthalenylpyran products via a vinylidene ortho‐quinone methide (VQM) intermediate. The results show that this transformation occurs through a reaction pathway involving the deprotonation of the naphthol moiety by the quinuclidine base, intramolecular proton transfer in ammonium naphthalenolate, and [4+2] cycloaddition. It is found that the axial chirality of the VQM intermediate is generated by the protonation step, which affects the enantioselectivity of the reaction. The enantioselectivity for the generation of the VQM intermediate is controlled by steric repulsion with the cinchonine framework, which provides an R‐axial chirality VQM as the major intermediate. Moreover, the enantioselectivity for the axial chirality of the naphthopyran product is controlled by the cycloaddition step, in which an extra hydrogen bond between the naphthalenol and cinchonine moieties leads to a favorable configuration for the generation of the S‐axial chirality naphthopyran product. The calculated enantioselectivity and enantiomeric excesses coincide with experimental observations.
Li/Na Ion Intercalation Process into Sodium Titanosilicate as Anode Material
Authors: Liu Jingyuan , Liu Yao , Wang Yonggang , Wang Congxiao , Xia Yongyao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA natisite structured material, Na2TiSiO5, has been investigated as anode for lithium‐ and sodium‐ion batteries. The results show that Na2TiSiO5 can deliver a capacity of 260 mAh g−1 with good reversibility when used as anode in Li‐ion batteries. In contrast to the conversion reaction mechanism observed for its analogue Li2TiSiO5, a solid‐solution type intercalation mechanism is found for the lithiation/delithiation process of Na2TiSiO5. Lithium intercalation occurs through a three‐dimensional diffusion path after crossing an energy barrier around 1.0 eV. Sodium‐ions could only migrate through a one‐dimensional channel after overcoming a much higher energy barrier of 1.8 eV, which solely delivers a reversible capacity of 40 mAh g−1 for sodium‐ion storage.
The impact of variability and prechoice experience on taking safety measures: The case of security updates
Authors: Aharonov‐Majar Efrat , Rajivan Prashanth , Gonzalez Cleotilde , Erev Ido 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe goal of this research is to clarify the conditions that trigger reluctance to take cost‐effective safety measures. We present three experiments. In two of the experiments, the participants were asked to operate a simulated system for 20 periods, each with 10 trials. They could “update the system” to eliminate the risk of a “security failure” that led to a loss of 100 points. The updating cost was either fixed (at 10 points) or variable (initially 10 points, and some probability of free—0 points—updates). The optimal strategy prescribed updating at the first opportunity. Another experiment focused on one‐shot decision under risk. The results highlight two factors that reduce the tendency to update and impair performance: cost variability and prechoice experience. Importantly, we show that the negative impact of cost variability is the product of two tendencies. First, experiencing periods with free updates slowed learning to select the optimal policy. Second, in many cases, the participants behaved as if they plan to update when the cost of updating is low but forget to do so. The results suggest that security can be enhanced by asking users to select a default updating policy before gaining experience and by replacing “free updates” with automatic updates. Information concerning the existence of automatic updates reduced manual updating, but this effect was eliminated by experience.
Simultaneous determination of piroxicam and norfloxacin in biological fluids by high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection at zero‐order emission mode
Authors: Gamal Mohammed , Ali Hazim M. , Fraihat Safwan M. , Seaf Elnasr T.A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new highly sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with fluorescence detection (HPLC–FLD) in zero‐order emission mode was developed for the first time for the simultaneous determination of piroxicam (PRX) and norfloxacin (NRF) in biological fluids. The fluorescence detector wavelengths were set at 278 nm for excitation and zero‐order mode for emission. The zero‐order emission mode produced greater sensitivity for the measurement of both drugs than a fixed emission wavelength (446 nm). The new developed method was validated according to International Conference of Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Linearity was found to be over concentration ranges 0.001–20 μg/ml and 0.00003–0.035 μg/ml for PRX and NRF, respectively. The limits of detection were 4.87 × 10−4 and 1.32 × 10−5 μg/ml for PRX and NRF, and the limits of quantitation were 1.47 × 10−3 and 4.01 × 10−5 μg/ml, respectively. The current fluorescence method was found to be more sensitive than most commonly used analytical methods and was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of PRX and NRF in biological fluids (serum and urine) with recoveries ranging from 91.67% to 100.36% for PRX and from 96.00% to 101.43% for NRF.
Oxidative post‐translational modifications in histones
Authors: García‐Giménez José Luis , Romá‐Mateo Carlos , Pallardó Federico V. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractEpigenetic regulation is attracting much attention because it explains many of the effects that the external environment induces in organisms. Changes in the cellular redox status and even more specifically in its nuclear redox compartment is one of these examples. Redox changes can induce modulation of the epigenetic regulation in cells. Here we present a few cases where reactive oxygen or nitrogen species induces epigenetic marks in histones. Posttranslational modification of these proteins like histone nitrosylation, carbonylation, or glutathionylation together with other mechanisms not reviewed here are the cornerstones of redox‐related epigenetic regulation. We currently face a new field of research with potential important consequences for the treatment of many pathologies.
The effects of buffer condition on the fouling behavior of MVM virus filtration of an Fc‐fusion protein
Authors: Namila FNU , Zhang Da , Traylor Steven , Nguyen Tung , Singh Nripen , Wickramasinghe Ranil , Qian Xianghong 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA combined pore blockage and cake filtration model was applied to the virus filtration of an Fc‐fusion protein using the three commercially available filters, F‐1, F‐2, and F‐3 in a range of buffer conditions including sodium‐phosphate and tris‐acetate buffers with and without 200 mM NaCl at pH 7.5. The fouling behaviors of the three filters for the feed solutions spiked with minute virus of mice were described well by this combined model for all the solution conditions. This suggests that fouling of the virus filters is dominated by the pore blockage mechanism during the initial stage of the filtration and transformed to the cake filtration mechanism during the later stage of the filtration. Both flux and transmembrane resistance can be described well by this model. The pore blockage rate and the rate of increase of protein layer resistance over blocked pores are found to be affected by membrane properties as well as the solution conditions resulting from the modulation of interactions between virus, protein, and membrane by the solution conditions.
Establishing the scalable manufacture of primary human T‐cells in an automated stirred‐tank bioreactor
Authors: Costariol Elena , Rotondi Marco , Amini Arman , Hewitt Christopher J. , Nienow Alvin W. , Heathman Thomas R.J. , Micheletti Martina , Rafiq Qasim A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAdvanced cell and gene therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell immunotherapies (CAR‐T), present a novel therapeutic modality for the treatment of acute and chronic conditions including acute lymphoblastic leukemia and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. However, the development of such immunotherapies requires the manufacture of large numbers of T‐cells, which remains a major translational and commercial bottleneck due to the manual, small‐scale, and often static culturing systems used for their production. Such systems are used because there is an unsubstantiated concern that primary T‐cells are shear sensitive, or prefer static conditions, and therefore do not grow as effectively in more scalable, agitated systems, such as stirred‐tank bioreactors, as compared with T‐flasks and culture bags. In this study, we demonstrate that not only T‐cells can be cultivated in an automated stirred‐tank bioreactor system (ambr® 250), but that their growth is consistently and significantly better than that in T‐flask static culture, with equivalent cell quality. Moreover, we demonstrate that at progressively higher agitation rates over the range studied here, and thereby, higher specific power inputs (P/M W kg−1), the higher the final viable T‐cell density; that is, a cell density of 4.65 ± 0.24 × 106 viable cells ml−1 obtained at the highest P/M of 74 × 10−4 W kg−1 in comparison with 0.91 ± 0.07 × 106 viable cells ml−1 at the lowest P/M of 3.1 × 10−4 W kg−1. We posit that this improvement is due to the inability at the lower agitation rates to effectively suspend the Dynabeads®, which are required to activate the T‐cells; and that contact between them is improved at the higher agitation rates. Importantly, from the data obtained, there is no indication that T‐cells prefer being grown under static conditions or are sensitive to fluid dynamic stresses within a stirred‐tank bioreactor system at the agitation speeds investigated. Indeed, the opposite has proven to be the case, whereby, the cells grow better under higher agitation speeds while maintaining their quality. This study is the first demonstration of primary T‐cell ex vivo manufacture activated by Dynabeads® in an automated stirred‐tank bioreactor system such as the ambr® 250 and the findings have the potential to be applied to multiple other cell candidates for advanced therapy applications.
Duration of chemotherapy prior to chemoradiation affects survival outcomes for resected stage I‐II or unresected stage III pancreatic cancer
Authors: Ma Sung J. , Iovoli Austin J. , Hermann Gregory M. , Prezzano Kavitha M. , Singh Anurag K. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundFor resected early stage pancreatic cancer, RTOG 9704 evaluated the outcome of 3 weeks of postoperative chemotherapy (C) followed by chemoradiation (CRT) and further C. For unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer, a recent literature review of prospective studies showed that the duration of induction C prior to CRT can impact survival. However, the ideal duration of C prior to CRT remains unclear for these patient cohorts. This National Cancer Database (NCDB) study was performed to compare the outcome of various durations of C prior to CRT.MethodsThe NCDB was queried for resected primary stage I‐II, cT1‐3N0‐1M0, and unresected stage III, cT4N0‐1M0 pancreatic adenocarcinoma treated with C + CRT (2004‐2015). Cohorts I‐II and III included stage I‐II and stage III cases, respectively. Patients were stratified by short (short C) and long duration (long C) of chemotherapy based on their median durations. Baseline patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics were examined. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Kaplan‐Meier analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazards method, and propensity score matching were used.ResultsAmong 1577 patients, cohort I‐II had 839 patients and cohort III had 738 patients. The longer duration of chemotherapy prior to CRT showed improved OS in the multivariate analysis in both cohort I‐II (hazards ratio [HR] 0.72, P < 0.001) and cohort III (HR 0.83, P = 0.03). Using 1:1 propensity score matching, 610 patients for cohort I‐II and 542 patients for cohort III were matched. After matching, long C remained statistically significant for improved OS compared with short C in both cohort I‐II (median OS 26.1 vs 21.9 months; P = 0.003) and cohort III (median OS 16.7 vs 14.2; P = 0.02).ConclusionOur NCDB study using propensity score‐matched analysis showed a survival benefit for using the longer duration of chemotherapy compared to the shorter duration for both resected stage I‐II and unresected stage III pancreatic cancer.
The relationship between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhu Min , Zhang Dong , Guo Xue‐guang , Zhao Shu , Zhang Xue‐lin , Wang De‐long , Liu Chang‐ting 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectivesChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and NSCLC often coexist and have poor prognoses, but studies investigating the impact of COPD on NSCLC have reported inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to compare survival between NSCLC patients with and without COPD.MethodsMedical records were retrospectively collected from 301 elderly patients pathologically diagnosed with NSCLC from the Chinese PLA General Hospital. Ultimately, a total of 200 patients were enrolled in the analysis. The survival rates between the COPD‐NSCLC and non‐COPD NSCLC were assessed using log‐rank and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses.ResultsA total of 117 COPD‐NSCLC and 93 non‐COPD NSCLC patients were enrolled in the analysis. The median overall survival times were 108.5 months in the non‐COPD group and 45.0 months in the COPD group (HR: 2.05; 95% CI, 1.36‐2.97, P = 0.0004). After 118 patients underwent propensity score matching, the median overall survival times were 100.6 months in the non‐COPD group and 51.9 months in the COPD group (HR: 1.59; 95% CI, 1.096‐2.64, P = 0.0459). The multivariate analysis showed that presence of COPD (HR 1.619, P = 0.030), old age (HR 1.007, P < 00001), an advanced disease stage (stage Ⅲ HR 5.513, P < 0.0001; stage Ⅳ HR 11.743, P < 0.0001), the squamous cell carcinoma histological subtype (HR 3.106, P < 0.0001), the presence of a cough (HR 2.463, P = 0.001) a higher serum carcinoembryonic antigen level (HR 1.001, P = 0.023) and higher NRL (HR 2.615, P = 0.007) were independent factors that were significantly associated with poorer survival.ConclusionA diagnosis of COPD had significant poorer survival outcomes in NSCLC than that of patients without COPD in this elderly population.
“I'm a police officer not a social worker or mental health nurse”: Online discourses of exclusion and resistance regarding mental health‐related police work
Authors: Lane Rhiannon 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite estimates suggesting that around 15% of UK police incidents involve people with a mental health concern, officers receive very little mental health training. The police have faced high‐profile criticisms over their handling of mental health‐related incidents, whereas the underfunding and fragmentation of UK mental health services has led to concerns that police officers are being forced to undertake a primary role in mental health care. At a time of austerity and widespread cuts to public services, it is important to explore how particular groups work to justify the parameters of their professional duties. This article therefore explores the discourses surrounding mental health problems on an online police discussion forum, highlighting two distinct ways in which mental health‐related work is represented as being incompatible with policing. First, mental health problems are delegitimised and conflated with “scrounging,” positioning individuals as undeserving of police time; second, mental health problems are reified and associated with violence and extreme behaviour, justifying the use of force by police officers and deflecting responsibility onto mental health services. Findings are consistent with previous research suggesting that mental health work is not perceived to be a valid part of the police role.
Kinetic Study of Leuco‐Indigo Carmine Oxidation and Investigation of Taylor and Dean Flow Superposition in a Coiled Flow Inverter
Authors: Krieger Waldemar , Hörbelt Max , Schuster Simon , Hennekes Julian , Kockmann Norbert 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn two‐phase capillary flow, Taylor and Dean vortices can enhance mass transfer according to recent studies. By utilizing a colorimetric method based on the consecutive oxidation of leuco‐indigo carmine it is possible to visualize the superposition of Taylor and Dean vortices in a gas‐liquid system. A kinetic study is performed in order to estimate the enhancement factor. Depending on the flow conditions, three different flow regimes are identified with different intensities of Taylor and Dean vortices affecting the oxygen distribution within the liquid phase. A dimensionless number is derived that describes this transition in flow regimes.
Impact of the Replacement of a Triphenylamine by a Diphenylmethylamine Unit on the Electrochemical Behavior of Pentaerythritol‐Based Push‐Pull Tetramers
Authors: Malacrida Claudia , Habibi Amir Hossein , Gámez‐Valenzuela Sergio , Lenko Illia , Marqués Pablo Simón , Labrunie Antoine , Grolleau Jérémie , López Navarrete Juan T. , Ruiz Delgado M. Carmen , Cabanetos Clément , Blanchard Philippe , Ludwigs Sabine 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe synthesis of a tetra‐functionalized pentaerythritol core decorated with N‐methyl‐N,N‐diphenylamine‐based push‐pull chromophores and its electropolymerization to 3D push‐pull networks are described. The electrochemical and absorption behaviors of the tetramer are compared with the one of two reference linear push‐pull compounds, carrying triphenylamine (TPA) or methyldiphenylamine (MeDPA) donor groups, a thienyl linker and a dicyanovinyl acceptor group (DCV). We found that substituting the outer phenyl with a methyl group causes important differences in the radical cation stability, such that MeDPA chromophore generates stable dimers and TPA is reversibly oxidized. Interestingly, DFT calculations suggest that steric hindrance and electrostatic interactions dominate the radical cation reactivity.
Preferences for Performance versus Potential in Promotion Recommendations
Authors: Cadigan Françoise , Kraichy David , Uggerslev Krista , Martin Kasey , Fassina Neil 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAs high‐performing employees with high potential (or superstars) are rare in the workplace, practitioners often face a performance–potential trade‐off when deciding who to promote. We use regulatory focus theory as a framework to examine whether Canadian managers (n = 58) and human resource (HR) professionals (n = 121) show a preference for performance or potential when making near‐term promotion recommendations. We show that respondents generally had a preference for performance versus potential when making their recommendations, and HR professionals versus managers accorded greater weight to potential. We discuss the implications of the relative emphasis on performance versus potential in promotion recommendations and when this may contribute to organizational inefficiencies.
Synergistically Directed Assembly of Aromatic Stacks Based Metal‐Organic Frameworks by Donor‐Acceptor and Coordination Interactions
Authors: Wang Xi , Zhang Ying , Chang Ze , Huang Hui , Liu Xiao‐Ting , Xu Jialiang , Bu Xian‐He 
Published: June 2019

Summary of main observation and conclusionA synergistically directed assembly approach to distinctive metal‐organic frameworks utilizing both donor‐acceptor (D‐A) interaction from aromatic systems and coordination interactions is presented. Based on such an approach, the coronene‐tpt (tpt = 2,4,6‐tri(4‐pyridyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine) stacks based coronene‐MOF‐1—4 have been successfully fabricated. Their structural discrepancies with coronene‐ absent control products, 1′—4′, illustrate clearly the significance of coronene‐tpt based D‐A interactions in these architectures. All these coronene‐MOFs contain varied coronene‐tpt stacks as organic secondary building blocks (SBUs), which are closely interrelated with the coordination based framework structures. Moreover, porous coronene‐MOF‐1 and ‐2 exhibit high physicochemical stability and significant light hydrocarbons storage and separation performances.