bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal tuning of H∞ fixed‐structure robust controller against multiple high‐level requirements using evolutionary computation
Authors: Feyel P. , Duc G. , Sandou G. 
Published: November 2018

SummaryThis work deals with the optimal controller synthesis against high‐level multiple requirements using evolutionary computation. Indeed, such stochastic algorithms are interesting to solve problems based on complex industrial specifications and so seem to be particularly well suited to optimal robust controller synthesis. Using the H∞ loop‐shaping framework, the optimal weights/controller tuning without any structural assumption (in terms of poles/zeros/damping) on the searched filters (except of course their order) is investigated. The absence of such any structural assumption is important to avoid affecting the quality of the solution toward a complex specification and allows reducing the synthesis problem to a simple one with static scalings in place of frequency weights. Using a version of differential evolution algorithm well adapted for high dimensional control problems, computing directly a fixed‐structure controller for complex industrial specifications toward a generic nonconstraint fitness with quite reasonable computing time is achieved. The illustrating example deals with the line‐of‐sight stabilization problem.
Noble‐Metal‐Free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Lyu Fenglei , Wang Qingfa , Choi Sung Mook , Yin Yadong 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a vital role in many energy conversion and storage processes including electrochemical water splitting for the production of hydrogen and carbon dioxide reduction to value‐added chemicals. IrO2 and RuO2, known as the state‐of‐the‐art OER electrocatalysts, are severely limited by the high cost and low earth abundance of these noble metals. Developing noble‐metal‐free OER electrocatalysts with high performance has been in great demand. In this review, recent advances in the design and synthesis of noble‐metal‐free OER electrocatalysts including Ni, Co, Fe, Mn‐based hydroxides/oxyhydroxides, oxides, chalcogenides, nitrides, phosphides, and metal‐free compounds in alkaline, neutral as well as acidic electrolytes are summarized. Perspectives are also provided on the fabrication, evaluation of OER electrocatalysts and correlations between the structures of the electrocatalysts and their OER activities.
Trophic Ecology of Sheepshead and Stone Crabs at Oil and Gas Platforms in the Northern Gulf of Mexico's Hypoxic Zone
Authors: Reeves David B. , Chesney Edward J. , Munnelly Ryan T. , Baltz Donald M. , Maiti Kanchan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractOil and gas platforms (platforms) may provide important habitat for reef‐associated organisms in the Gulf of Mexico's hypoxic zone. While summer hypoxia typically affects the bottom 3.0 m of the water column, platforms span from the bottom to above the surface and provide hard substrate in oxygenated waters overlaying hypoxia. However, little is known about the effects of hypoxia on organisms living at these platforms. We compared diets of Sheepshead Archosargus probatocephalus and Gulf stone crabs Menippe adina during early and late summer at platforms with mild (shoal platforms) and intense hypoxia (seaward platforms) using a combination of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and gut contents analyses. We hypothesized that diets at seaward platforms would shift from bottom to platform‐dwelling prey during late summer when hypoxia had fully developed and decimated benthic communities, but no such effect was found. Barnacles (Balanidae) were the most common prey found in Sheepshead guts for all samples collected (64.1% of gut contents). Sheepshead gut contents showed high predation of mantis shrimp (Squillidae; 35.2% of gut contents) soon after the formation of hypoxia at seaward platforms, likely reflecting Sheepshead exploiting benthic prey that were vulnerable because of hypoxia. These findings indicate that hypoxia affected the behavior of mantis shrimp in a way that altered their availability for Sheepshead associated with platforms. Comparisons of Sheepshead and stone crab isotope values (δ13C and δ15N) to those of their potential prey and basal sources suggested a high dependence on barnacles (proxy for water column particulate organic matter) and filamentous algae throughout the summer. However, comparisons of isotope values in early and late summer indicated no apparent effect of hypoxia. High contributions of barnacles to Sheepshead diet showed that platform‐dwelling prey were an important resource for Sheepshead.
Microwave Flow: A Perspective on Reactor and Microwave Configurations and the Emergence of Tunable Single‐Mode Heating Toward Large‐Scale Applications
Authors: Barham Joshua P. , Koyama Emiko , Norikane Yasuo , Ohneda Noriyuki , Yoshimura Takeo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractMicrowave heating in chemical reactions was first reported in 1986. There have since been many reports employing microwave heating in organic chemistry, where microwave heating has afforded higher yields of products in shorter time periods. However, such reactions are challenging to scale in batch due to the limited penetration depth of microwaves as well as the wave propagation dependence on cavity size. Continuous flow has addressed both these issues, enabling scalability of microwave processes. As such, a host of reports employing microwave flow chemistry have emerged, employing various microwave heating and reactor configurations in the context of either custom‐built or commercial apparatus. The focus of this review is to present the benefits of microwave heating in the context of continuous flow and to characterize the different types of microwave flow apparatus by their design (oscillator, cavity type and reactor vessel). We advocate the adoption of tunable, solid‐state oscillator single‐mode microwave flow reactors which are more versatile heaters, impart better process control and energy efficiency toward laboratory and larger‐scale synthetic chemistry applications.
On the statistical significance of protein complex
Authors: Su Youfu , Zhao Can , Chen Zheng , Tian Bo , He Zengyou 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundStatistical validation of predicted complexes is a fundamental issue in proteomics and bioinformatics. The target is to measure the statistical significance of each predicted complex in terms of p‐values. Surprisingly, this issue has not received much attention in the literature. To our knowledge, only a few research efforts have been made towards this direction.MethodsIn this article, we propose a novel method for calculating the p‐value of a predicted complex. The null hypothesis is that there is no difference between the number of edges in target protein complex and that in the random null model. In addition, we assume that a true protein complex must be a connected subgraph. Based on this null hypothesis, we present an algorithm to compute the p‐value of a given predicted complex.ResultsWe test our method on five benchmark data sets to evaluate its effectiveness.ConclusionsThe experimental results show that our method is superior to the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms on assessing the statistical significance of candidate protein complexes.
Analysis of protein features and machine learning algorithms for prediction of druggable proteins
Authors: Sun Tanlin , Lai Luhua , Pei Jianfeng 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundComputational tools have been widely used in drug discovery process since they reduce the time and cost. Prediction of whether a protein is druggable is fundamental and crucial for drug research pipeline. Sequence based protein function prediction plays vital roles in many research areas. Training data, protein features selection and machine learning algorithms are three indispensable elements that drive the successfulness of the models.MethodsIn this study, we tested the performance of different combinations of protein features and machine learning algorithms, based on FDA‐approved small molecules’ targets, in druggable proteins prediction. We also enlarged the dataset to include the targets of small molecules that were in experiment or clinical investigation.ResultsWe found that although the 146‐d vector used by Li et al. with neuron network achieved the best training accuracy of 91.10%, overlapped 3‐gram word2vec with logistic regression achieved best prediction accuracy on independent test set (89.55%) and on newly approved‐targets. Enlarged dataset with targets of small molecules in experiment and clinical investigation were trained. Unfortunately, the best training accuracy was only 75.48%. In addition, we applied our models to predict potential targets for references in future study.ConclusionsOur study indicates the potential ability of word2vec in the prediction of druggable protein. And the training dataset of druggable protein should not be extended to targets that are lack of verification. The target prediction package could be found on https://github.com/pkumdl/target_prediction.
Private Financing or Not, That is the Question: Lessons from the Light Rail Systems in Spain
Authors: Calvo-Poyo Francisco , Ferri-García Ramón , Hermoso Alberto , de Oña Juan 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to analyze if there is any difference between the light rail systems in Spain according to whether they have been carried out through public financing or private financing (totally or partially). The importance of this study lies in the fact that, for decades, the public–private partnership has been proposed as an alternative to public financing of public transport projects in order to obtain additional financial resources, reduce the public deficit, and increase efficiency. However, there are hardly any detailed studies describing how these initiatives have turned out. Therefore, the present study analyzes if there is any difference in the main variables explaining the performance of light rail projects in Spain depending on their source of funding can be found. For this, the relationship between variables related to design, operation and costs of the projects, and the percentage of private financing were statistically analyzed. As the most relevant conclusion, we underline the fact that the investment per passenger increases when financing is completely private. This would indicate that the most cost-effective lines, from a social standpoint, were financed totally or partially by the public administrations, whereas the least beneficial ones for society were assigned to private enterprises. This finding provides an advance in the knowledge of the consequences of private participation in the financing of public transport projects, indicating, moreover, that the biggest beneficiaries of this type of projects might be the construction companies and the politicians involved.
Profiles of visuospatial memory dysfunction in opioid-exposed and dependent populations
Authors: Baldacchino A. , Tolomeo S. , Balfour D.J. , Matthews K 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundChronic opioid exposure is common world-wide, but behavioural performance remains under-investigated. This study aimed to investigate visuospatial memory performance in opioid-exposed and dependent clinical populations and its associations with measures of intelligence and cognitive impulsivity.MethodsWe recruited 109 participants: (i) patients with a history of opioid dependence due to chronic heroin use (n = 24), (ii) heroin users stabilised on methadone maintenance treatment (n = 29), (iii) participants with a history of chronic pain and prescribed tramadol and codeine (n = 28) and (iv) healthy controls (n = 28). The neuropsychological tasks from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery included the Delayed Matching to Sample (DMS), Pattern Recognition Memory, Spatial Recognition Memory, Paired Associate Learning, Spatial Span Task, Spatial Working Memory and Cambridge Gambling Task. Pre-morbid general intelligence was assessed using the National Adult Reading Test.ResultsAs hypothesised, this study identified the differential effects of chronic heroin and methadone exposures on neuropsychological measures of visuospatial memory (p &lt; 0.01) that were independent of injecting behaviour and dependence status. The study also identified an improvement in DMS performance (specifically at longer delays) when the methadone group was compared with the heroin group and also when the heroin group was stabilised onto methadone. Results identified differential effects of chronic heroin and methadone exposures on various neuropsychological measures of visuospatial memory independently from addiction severity measures, such as injecting behaviour and dependence status.
Misrecognition and the Indian state: the desire for sovereign agency
Authors: Kinnvall Catarina , Svensson Ted 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA focus on misrecognition allows us to move between levels of analysis in a holistic fashion. If misrecognition works through the conscious and the unconscious we can account for the many overlapping insecurities and securities believed to exist at the individual, group, or state level – and thus felt. These insecurities also present themselves through the categories used to describe them and the policies through which they become materialised, technologised, and depoliticised, often by closing down discursive boundaries. Lacan’s concepts of desire, real and lack are here important for understanding the impossibility of recognising something that cannot be recognised. Hence, a perspective that takes misrecognition not as an end result or as failed attempts to reformulate the exceptional as the normal, has the potential to rethink the political subject. In empirical terms, the article discusses how this process of misrecognition has been shaped in the Indian context of postcolonial state formation and articulations of sovereignty. We show how the Indian state is being rethought, restructured, and reimagined through Hindu nationalism and how the concept of misrecognition accounts for desires for sovereign agency and group cohesiveness, but also for resistance to various reimaginations of the Indian state.
From Point to Area: Worldwide Assessment of the Representativeness of Monthly Surface Solar Radiation Records
Authors: Schwarz M. , Folini D. , Hakuba M. Z. , Wild M. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe representativeness of surface solar radiation (SSR) point observations is an important issue when using them in combination with gridded data. We conduct a comprehensive near‐global (50°S to 55°N) analysis on the representativeness of SSR point observations on the monthly mean time scale. Thereto, we apply the existing concepts of decorrelation lengths (δ), spatial sampling biases (β), and spatial sampling errors (ε) to three high‐resolution gridded monthly mean SSR data sets (CLARA, SARAH‐P, and SARAH‐E) provided by the Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring. While δ quantifies the area for which a point observation is representative, β and ε are uncertainty estimates with respect to the 1‐degree reference grid (G). For this grid we find a near‐global average δG=3.4°, βG=1.4 W/m2, and εG=7.6 W/m2 with substantial regional differences. Disregarding tropical, mountainous, and some coastal regions, monthly SSR point observations can largely be considered representative of a 1‐degree grid. Since ε is an uncorrectable error the total uncertainty when combining point with 1‐degree gridded data is roughly 40% higher than the uncertainty of station‐based SSR measurements alone if a rigorous bias correction is applied. Cloud cover and terrain data can at maximum explain 50% of the patterns of the representativeness metrics. We apply our methodology to the stations of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network. Overall, this study shows that representativeness is strongly dependent on local conditions and that all three metrics (δ, β, and ε) must be considered for a comprehensive assessment of representativeness.
Broadband Measurements of the Complex Permittivity of Carbonaceous Asteroid Regolith Analog Materials
Authors: Boivin A. L. , Hickson D. , Tsai C. , Cunje A. , Ghent R. R. , Daly M. G. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractWe develop a full methodology to measure the complex relative permittivity of planetary regolith analog materials in vacuum and up to 120 °C over a broad range of frequencies (400 MHz to 8.5 GHz or wavelengths 18.8–3.5 cm). We demonstrate our method with measurements of analog regolith materials appropriate for asteroid (101955) Bennu, the target of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's OSIRIS‐REx mission: individual and mixed components of UCF/DSI‐CI‐2, a new carbonaceous asteroid regolith simulant produced by Deep Space Industries based on CI chondrite meteorite mineralogy. We measure, for the first time, the effect of carbonaceous material on the complex relative permittivity of asteroid regolith analogs by measuring the powdered serpentine component of the simulant mixed with varying amounts of carbonaceous material in vacuum at 25 and 40 °C. We find that at a bulk density of 1.60 g/cm3 and wavelength of 12.6 cm, serpentine with 5 wt% carbonaceous material has
= 3.30 ± 0.01 and
= 0.016 ± 0.003 and that carbonaceous material increases the attenuation of electromagnetic energy in our samples. Ground‐based radar (at 12.6‐ and 3.5‐cm wavelengths) has previously been used to investigate carbonaceous asteroid (101955) Bennu. Our measurements provide new constraints on the attenuation of radar energy in granular carbonaceous materials.
Production and Transformation of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Matter as Indicated by Amino Acids in the Pearl River Estuary, China
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Liu Zhanfei , Chen Wei , Wang Lei , He Biyan , Wu Kai , Gu Shuai , Jiang Peng , Huang Bangqin , Dai Minhan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractProduction and transformation of dissolved and particulate organic matter (DOM, POM) in estuaries regulate the carbon export from land to ocean, yet tracing their source and diagenetic status is challenging in these dynamic environments. Here we study the production, transport, and diagenetic status of DOM in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China, based on total dissolved amino acids, their enantiomers (D/L ratios), and other ancillary biogeochemical parameters with a complete coverage of upper, middle, and lower estuary. Inferred from amino acid composition and D/L ratios, DOM in the upper PRE was highly altered by bacteria, while the carbon yields of total dissolved amino acids were relatively high showing a conflicting pattern likely contributed by multiple sources including planktonic production, soil leachates, and sewage discharge. Conservative mixing between freshwater and seawater predominantly controlled DOM dynamics in the middle PRE. In contrast, the lower PRE was characterized by high planktonic production, leading to the accumulation of labile DOC in the surface water. The compositional pattern of amino acids differed significantly between dissolved and particulate phases, yet the diagenetic indices of POM and DOM were both relatively lower in the upper and middle PRE compared to the lower PRE, suggesting that primary production is a major driving factor in the lower PRE. Overall, our study emphasizes the highly dynamic and spatially heterogeneous nature of the PRE, and the results from molecular level characterization provide new insights into the complex sources, diagenesis, and transformation processes of DOM in different regions of the estuary, as well as its connection with POM.
Annexin A1-suppressed autophagy promotes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis by PI3K/AKT signaling activation
Authors: Zhu Jin-Feng , Huang Wei , Yi Hong-Mei , Xiao Ta , Li Jiao-Yang , Feng Juan , Yi Hong , Lu Shan-Shan , Li Xin-Hui , Lu Rou-Huang , He Qiu-Yan , Xiao Zhi-Qiang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAnnexin A1 (ANXA1) is dysregulated in the various tumors. However, the role and mechanism of ANXA1 in the cancers are poorly understood. In this study, we first showed a clinically positive correlation between ANXA1 and autophagy-associated protein SQSTM1 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and ANXA1-regulating SQSTM1 expression through autophagy, and further demonstrated that ANXA1 inhibited BECN1 and ATG5-dependent autophagy in the NPC cells. Using phospho-kinase antibody array to identify signaling through which ANXA1 regulated NPC cell autophagy, we found that ANXA1-suppressed autophagy was associated with PI3K/AKT signaling activation. We also showed that ANXA1 expression was significantly increased in the NPCs with metastasis relative to NPCs without metastasis and positively correlated with lymphonode and distant metastasis; high ANXA1 expression in the NPC cells promoted in vitro tumor cell migration and invasion and in vivo metastasis. Lastly, we showed that inhibition of autophagy restored the ability of tumor cell migration and invasion, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like alterations and in vivo metastasis in the ANXA1 knockdown NPC cells with autophagy activation; ANXA1-suppresed autophagy induced EMT-like alterations possibly by inhibiting autophagy-mediated degradation of Snail. Our data suggest that ANXA1-suppressed autophagy promotes NPC cell migration, invasion and metastasis by activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, highlighting that the activation of autophagy may inhibit metastasis of NPC with high ANXA1 expression.
The Virtual-Environment-Foraging Task enables rapid training and single-trial metrics of attention in head-fixed mice
Authors: Havenith Martha N. , Zijderveld Peter M. , van Heukelum Sabrina , Abghari Shaghayegh , Glennon Jeffrey C. , Tiesinga Paul 
Published: November 2018

AbstractAttention – the flexible allocation of processing resources based on behavioural demands – is essential to survival. Mouse research offers unique tools to dissect the underlying pathways, but is hampered by the difficulty of accurately measuring attention in mice. Current attention tasks for mice face several limitations: Binary (hit/miss), temporally imprecise metrics, behavioural confounds and overtraining. Thus, despite the increasing scope of neuronal population measurements, insights are limited without equally precise behavioural measures. Here we present a virtual-environment task for head-fixed mice based on ‘foraging-like’ navigation. The task requires animals to discriminate gratings at orientation differences from 90° to 5°, and can be learned in only 3–5 sessions (<550 trials). It yields single-trial, non-binary metrics of response speed and accuracy, which generate secondary metrics of choice certainty, visual acuity, and most importantly, of sustained and cued attention – two attentional components studied extensively in humans. This allows us to examine single-trial dynamics of attention in mice, independently of confounds like rule learning. With this approach, we show that C57/BL6 mice have better visual acuity than previously measured, that they rhythmically alternate between states of high and low alertness, and that they can be prompted to adopt different performance strategies using minute changes in reward contingencies.