bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient photopolymerization of thick pigmented systems using upconversion nanoparticles‐assisted photochemistry
Authors: Li Zhiquan , Chen Hao , Wang Chong , Chen Li , Liu Jingcheng , Liu Ren 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTPhotopolymerization of thick pigmented systems still remains challenging due to the light screening effect of the pigments. Here, we present a facile method based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)‐assisted photochemistry to achieve efficient photopolymerization and improved curing depth of pigmented systems. Under a 980‐nm laser irradiation, UCNPs are able to convert NIR light into UV and visible light to activate photoinitiators for the initiation of polymerization. Influencing factors on photopolymerization were systematically investigated. With optimal parameters, 25.5 mm of photopolymerization depth combined with 70% of maximal double bond conversion was obtained. The peak temperature of 120.4 °C during UCNPs‐assisted photopolymerization is comparable with or lower than that of some reported frontal photopolymerization applied to prepare functional composite polymeric materials. Both indentation hardness and reduced modulus of the photocured materials using UCNPs as internal lamps were higher than those of the reference cured under traditional blue LED light. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 994–1002
Data‐Driven Modelling of Gas Solubility in Ionic Liquids Using Principal Properties as Orthogonal Descriptors
Authors: Paternò Alessio , Bonaccorso Carmela , Fortuna Cosimo G. , Musumarra Giuseppe , Scirè Salvatore 
Published: February 2018

AbstractPrincipal properties for gases and ionic liquids (ILs) were used as descriptors to model gas solubility in ILs by means of data‐driven approaches such as partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS). Satisfactory PLS predictions, spanning above 3 log units, can be easily achieved using a nine parameters equation, while disjoint OPLS models for different gases, namely hydrocarbons, neutral and acidic ones, allow more accurate predictions.
Machine learning for bioinformatics and neuroimaging
Authors: Serra Angela , Galdi Paola , Tagliaferri Roberto 
Published: February 2018

Machine Learning (ML) is a well‐known paradigm that refers to the ability of systems to learn a specific task from the data and aims to develop computer algorithms that improve with experience. It involves computational methodologies to address complex real‐world problems and promises to enable computers to assist humans in the analysis of large, complex data sets. ML approaches have been widely applied to biomedical fields and a great body of research is devoted to this topic. The purpose of this article is to present the state‐of‐the art in ML applications to bioinformatics and neuroimaging and motivate research in new trend‐setting directions. We show how ML techniques such as clustering, classification, embedding techniques and network‐based approaches can be successfully employed to tackle various problems such as gene expression clustering, patient classification, brain networks analysis, and identification of biomarkers. We also present a short description of deep learning and multiview learning methodologies applied in these contexts. We discuss some representative methods to provide inspiring examples to illustrate how ML can be used to address these problems and how biomedical data can be characterized through ML. Challenges to be addressed and directions for future research are presented and an extensive bibliography is included.This article is categorized under:Application Areas > Health CareTechnologies > Computational IntelligenceFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Motivation and Emergence of Data MiningFundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Key Design Issues in Data Mining
Capital Flows and the Swiss Franc
Authors: Yeşin Pınar 
Published: February 2018

Summary
The Swiss franc is known to appreciate strongly during financial market turmoil, demonstrating its status as a typical safe haven currency. One possible mechanism behind this appreciation during times of global turmoil is assumed to be higher capital inflows to Switzerland. This paper attempts to find some empirical evidence for this presumption. The analysis reveals that capital flow variables are not necessarily coincident with the movements of the Swiss franc. Interest rate differentials, a traditional determinant of exchange rates, co-move only weakly with Swiss franc movements. However, a robust and stronger link between variables that capture global or regional market uncertainty and movements of the Swiss franc is observed. Specifically, the information channel rather than new cross-border investment is found to be coincident with the Swiss franc. The weak link between capital flows and the exchange rate is confirmed to some extent for some other countries.
Numerical Simulation of Bulging Deformation for Wide-Thick Slab Under Uneven Cooling Conditions
Authors: Wu Chenhui , Ji Cheng , Zhu Miaoyong 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
In the present work, the bulging deformation of a wide-thick slab under uneven cooling conditions was studied using finite element method. The non-uniform solidification was first calculated using a 2D heat transfer model. The thermal material properties were derived based on a microsegregation model, and the water flux distribution was measured and applied to calculate the cooling boundary conditions. Based on the solidification results, a 3D bulging model was established. The 2D heat transfer model was verified by the measured shell thickness and the slab surface temperature, and the 3D bulging model was verified by the calculated maximum bulging deflections using formulas. The bulging deformation behavior of the wide-thick slab under uneven cooling condition was then determined, and the effect of uneven solidification, casting speed, and roll misalignment were investigated.
A randomized study on a 3-month versus a 7-month prednisolone regimen for the initial episode of childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome at a large Saudi center
Authors: Al Talhi AbdulHadi , Al Saran Khalid , Osman ElTayeb Taha , Al Shatri AbdulAziz , Osman Mutawakil , Mirza Khalid 
Published: February 2018

Background and objectives:
The standard International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) regimen of prednisolone of 2 months duration for the treatment of the initial episode of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome (INS) was associated with a high relapse rate. The long prednisolone protocols were introduced in order to reduce the relapse rate and steroid toxicities. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of a 3 months protocol of prednisolone versus a 7 months protocol for the first episode of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Design and setting:
The study took place in the Pediatric Nephrology Department of King Saud Medical City, Riyadh which is a large referral center all over Saudi Arabia. The study was a randomized control trial using 2 groups. Group A received the 3 months protocol and Group B received the 7 months protocol.

Patients and methods:
All children with a confirmed diagnosis of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome were included. The patients were randomized by simple randomization using sealed envelopes into two groups; group A comprised of 60 children using the daily regimen prednisolone 60mg/m2 OD X 1 A months then 40mg/m2 on alternate day for 1 A months (total = 3 months) and group B also comprised of 60 children using the 7 months protocol, Prednisolone 60mg/m2 OD x 1 month then 40mg/m2 EOD x 2 months then 30mg/m2 EOD for 2 months then 20mg/m2 EOD for 2 months. The efficacy and safety of these two prednisolone regimens were recorded. The follow-up period was two years. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS progress version 16 (Chicago, USA) P < .05 was taken as a significant result. Consort guidelines for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were followed. The hospital ethical committee approved the study. The parents gave an informed consent.

Results:
Group B protocol was found to be significantly better than the group A protocol in both years of follow-up. The mean time of first relapse was significantly better in group B than in group A (P < .0001). The relapse rate reduced significantly in group B vs group A in both the first year (P = .0031) as well as in the second year (P = .00002). The cumulative dose of steroids was significantly less in group B vs group A both in the first year of follow-up (P = .0039) as well as in the second year (P = .0026). The incidence of frequently relapsers was significantly less (P = .049) in group B as compared to group A. The risk of relapse was better in group B as compared to group A (RR 0.8039; 95% CI 0.6566 to 0.9843 significance (P = .0346). The side effects of corticosteroids were significantly less in group B protocol as compared to group A.

Conclusion:
We concluded that the long 7 months protocol was significantly better than the 3 months prednisolone regimen in both efficacy and safety for the initial episode of childhood INS.
Complementation with Verbs of Choice in English
Authors: Duffley Patrick , Abida Rafika 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis study addresses both the practical question of what forms of complementation are found with verbs expressing the notion of choice in English and the theoretical question of explaining the control and temporal effects found with these verbs. The explanation proposed is based on an approach in which syntax is taken to be driven by semantics. Semantics is defined in terms of the meaning-content associated with the linguistic forms occurring in the constructions examined, namely the to-infinitive, the gerund-participle, and the lexical content of the different verbs of choice themselves, together with the semantic value of the complement’s function with respect to the main verb. Although it does not utilize a corpus in the strict sense of the word, nor employ statistical argumentation, the study is based mainly on an examination of attested usage in Canadian English as reflected by Canadian websites accessed in the fall of 2006.
Temporal modifiers and the Rogers-Aliant dispute
Authors: Katz E. Graham , Shaer Benjamin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn this article, we discuss a recent dispute between two Canadian companies, Rogers and Aliant, which went before the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission. This involved an apparently ambiguous provision in an agreement between these companies, the interpretation of which was widely seen to hinge on the placement of a single comma in this provision, although the dispute was ultimately resolved by reference to the unambiguous French version of this provision. We provide a syntactic and semantic analysis of the linguistic facts of the dispute, rejecting Aliant’s argument (and the CRTC’s original conclusion) that the placement of the comma provided robust evidence of the intended meaning of the disputed provision and showing how two temporal expressions in this provision, thereafter and prior, contribute to the meaning advanced by Rogers. We also demonstrate the essential equivalence of this meaning to that of the French version of the agreement.
Postface: Differentiating and Differentiated Views on Linguistic Representation
Authors: Auer Peter 
Published: February 2018

This special issue of the Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique is devoted to the intriguing notion of représentation linguistique, an idea that developed in French (socio-)linguistics some ten years ago (cf. Jodelet 1993), following earlier work by Anne-Marie Houdebine (1982).In their preface, Philippe Hambye and Anne Catherine Simon discuss one of the major tenets of this approach, namely the idea that représentation linguistique, in addition to being concerned with how language is represented in the human mind — and thus very much in line with the cognitive turn of linguistics — also implies that as a cognitive entity, language has no self-contained status in the sense of post-structualist, generative grammar. Rather, the way in which we language users look upon language is always socially contextualised. Whatever we know, in the largest sense of the word, about language and varieties of language is inextricably linked to the situations and social groups, the speakers and geographical regions, the linguistic genres and social styles that constitute it. Linguistic representations, understood as everyday knowledge of language, are therefore normatively organised. They have to do with how someone of a certain type (incumbent to a certain social category) is supposed to, or can be expected to speak, given certain typified circumstances, and what it means for him or her to speak in this way.
Second Language Phonology as Redeployment of LI Phonological Knowledge
Authors: Archibald John 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThis article presents research showing that second language (L2) learners do not have deficient representations and they are capable of acquiring structures that are absent from their first language (L1). The Redeployment Hypothesis—which claims that L2 phonologies include novel representations created via redeployment of L1 phonological components—is consistent with data from several domains, including acquisition of phonological features, syllable structure, moraic structure, and metrical structure. Moreover, it is shown that input prominence plays a role in L2 acquisition, and that language learners are sensitive to robust phonetic cues. Finally, studies done on interlingual homographs and homophones argue for non-selective access to the bilingual lexicon, suggesting that the language processing capacity is always engaged.
Dialect Topography of Québec City English
Authors: Chambers J.K. , Heisler Troy 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Québec City has had an anglophone community for 250 years. A representative sample of this community was surveyed using the methods known as Dialect Topography. The analysis establishes the distinctiveness of Québec City English but at the same time shows that it is firmly planted in the Canadian English speech community. It is shown that there are significant correlations with three social factors: (1) Language Use Index, which allows a calculation of the extent of each respondent’s use of English in the francophone setting; (2) age, the principal correlate of changes in progress; and (3) Regionality Index, which separates indigènes, the natives of the region, from interlopers, recent arrivals. Although the results show that the distinctiveness may be threatened by the persistence of interloper variants, in most respects Québec City English favours the same variants as the rest of Canada, albeit with different frequencies and often with a unique historical development.
Maintaining standing stones benefits biodiversity in lowland heathland
Authors: Shepheard-Walwyn Emma , Bhagwat Shonil A. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe exploitation of natural resources by people generally has detrimental effects on nature but in some cases anthropogenic activities can result in changes to the natural environment that produce new habitats and increase biodiversity. Understanding and supporting such cultural aspects of land use is an important part of effective conservation strategies. The UK has a range of cultural landscapes that contribute to the landscape matrix and are often important for biodiversity. However, little research has been conducted on the relationship between various types of cultural landscapes or their effects on biodiversity. We examined the interaction between semi-natural sacred sites and lowland heathland in Cornwall, and the contribution these sites make to the overall biodiversity within the habitat. We found that semi-natural sacred sites had significantly higher levels of biodiversity compared to surrounding heathland; the existence and use of the sites created new and important habitats for rare and threatened heathland species; and the spiritual and cultural use of the sites aids the management of heathland. Promoting the use of semi-natural sacred sites could therefore contribute to biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, the cultural and spiritual importance of such sites potentially increases the availability of volunteer resources for their management. We highlight the importance of an integrated management approach for achieving effective biodiversity conservation in areas containing multiple types of cultural landscapes.
Cytomegalovirus-specific T-cells are associated with immune senescence, but not with systemic inflammation, in people living with HIV
Authors: Ballegaard Vibe , Brændstrup Peter , Pedersen Karin Kaereby , Kirkby Nikolai , Stryhn Anette , Ryder Lars P. , Gerstoft Jan , Nielsen Susanne Dam 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn people living with HIV (PLWHIV), coinfection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been associated with inflammation, immunological ageing, and increased risk of severe non-AIDS related comorbidity. The effect of CMV-specific immune responses on systemic inflammation, immune activation and T-cell senescence was evaluated in 53 PLWHIV treated with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Activated-, terminally differentiated-, naïve-, and senescent T-cells were assessed by flow cytometry, and plasma levels of CMV IgG, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and soluble-CD14 were measured. In PLWHIV, expression of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ was measured by intracellular-cytokine-staining after stimulation of T-cells with CMV-pp65, CMV-IE1, and CMV-gB. Increased CMV-specific T-cell responses were associated with a higher ratio of terminally differentiated/naïve CD8+ T-cells and with increased proportions of senescent CD8+ T-cells, but not with systemic inflammation or sCD14. Increased CMV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses were associated with increased proportions of activated CD8+ T-cells. In PLWHIV with expansion of CMV-specific T-cells or increased T-cell senescence, CMV-specific polyfunctionality was maintained. That the magnitude of the CMV-specific T-cell response was associated with a senescent immune phenotype, suggests that a dysregulated immune response against CMV may contribute to the immunological ageing often described in PLWHIV despite stable cART.
Interleukin-10 produced by myeloid-derived suppressor cells is critical for the induction of Tregs and attenuation of rheumatoid inflammation in mice
Authors: Park Min-Jung , Lee Sung-Hee , Kim Eun-Kyung , Lee Eun-Jung , Baek Jin-Ah , Park Sung-Hwan , Kwok Seung-Ki , Cho Mi-La 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are heterogenous populations of immature myeloid progenitor cells with immunoregulatory function. MDSCs play critical roles in controlling the processes of autoimmunity but their roles in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are controversial. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether MDSCs have therapeutic impact in mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model of RA. We also examined the mechanisms underlying the anti-arthritic effect of MDSCs. In vitro treatment with MDSCs repressed IL-17 but increased FOXP3 in CD4+ T cells in mice. In vivo infusion of MDSCs markedly ameliorated inflammatory arthritis. Th17 cells and Th1 cells were decreased while Tregs were increased in the spleens of MDSCs-treated mice. MDSCs profoundly inhibited T cell proliferation. Addition of anti-IL-10 almost completely blocked the anti-proliferative effects of MDSCs on T cells. Anti-IL-10 blocked the expansion of Tregs by MDSCs. However, infusion of MDSCs from IL-10 KO mice failed to suppress inflammatory arthritis. MDSCs could reciprocally regulate Th17/Treg cells and suppress CIA via IL-10, suggesting that MDSCs might be a promising therapeutic strategy for T cell mediated autoimmune diseases including RA.
Welche hämato-onkologischen Medikamente sind im Alter entbehrlich oder ungeeignet?
Authors: Goede Valentin , Hallek Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThere is a vast amount of drugs and therapeutic regimens available today to treat hemato-oncological diseases. This offers new opportunities to close known gaps of undertreatment in older individuals with cancer, but also increases the risk of overtreatment in this patient group. Currently available criteria (drug listings) for potentially inadequate prescribing in the elderly are not matured enough to serve hemato-oncologists as a guidance when trying to identify unnecessary or inappropriate cancer medication in routine clinical practice. In some clinical situations (e. g., decision-making for adjuvant treatment), online tools that allow for a rough prediction of remaining life expectancy (without or with cancer) as well as chemotherapy toxicity could help to detect risks of overtreatment in individual patients, however. Avoiding chemotherapy in distinct therapeutic situations has become possible for some hematological and solid tumors due to a growing number of novel targeted (i. e. non-cytostatic) drugs. This development appears of particular benefit for elderly patients. The present review discusses tools that generally could support the identification of overtreatment in older patients with such diseases. Drug examples are presented for some common hemato-oncological entities.
Britisch-Kurzhaar-Kater mit rezidivierendem Fibrosarkom
Authors: Danowski Klaus 
Published: February 2018

ZusammenfassungEin 2-jähriger BKH-Kater mit rezidivierendem Fibrosarkom wird vorgestellt. Die Anamnese berichtet von einem Eosinophilen Granulom. Eine vererbte Tuberkulinische Belastung und seine konstitutionelle Veranlagung als Phosphor-Typ machen ihn sehr anfällig für Impfungen und Unterdrückungen. Ein noch bestehender Hautausschlag erleichtert den Einstieg in die Krebsbehandlung. Nacheinander werden der Hautausschlag, Aphten und eine Zahnfleischentzündung mit Mercurius und Luesinum, das Fibrosarkom mit Silicea, eine Hypothyreose mit Tuberkulinum und Graphites, Haarausfall mit Sulfur behandelt. Die vollständige Remission gelingt. Seine Nachbeobachtungszeit beträgt 7 Jahre.
Zur Rolle organisationaler Variablen bei der Implementierung sektorenübergreifender psychiatrischer Versorgung und stationsäquivalenter Behandlung in Deutschland
Authors: Klode Christian , Steinert Tilman , Blume Andreas , Brückner-Bozetti Peter , Senkal Aysin , Lingenfelder Michael 
Published: February 2018

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Erörterung von organisationalen Treibern einer sektorenübergreifenden und aufsuchenden psychiatrischen Versorgung.
Methode Systematische Literaturrecherche in elektronischen Datenbanken und zusätzliche Handsuche.
Ergebnisse Die Treibervariablen werden größtenteils adressiert, wenige davon wurden evaluiert, komplexe Ursachen-Wirkungs-Modelle fehlen fast gänzlich.
Schlussfolgerungen Integration der vorgeschlagenen Treibervariablen in ein Evaluationssystem zur Abschätzung von Organisations- und Personalentwicklungseffekten.
Group size in social-ecological systems
Authors: Casari Marco , Tagliapietra Claudio 
Published: February 2018

SignificanceWhat is the size of human groups for successful cooperation? Theoretically, the larger the group, the more difficult it is to sustain cooperation. We studied hundreds of villages in the Alps that harvested common property resources for almost six centuries. In the field, the average size of successful villages was around 176 individuals, although the variance was considerable. Overall, however, this average remained stable over time despite a doubling of the region’s population. Multiple social and ecological factors could, in principle, drive group size. Here, we report the predominance of social factors, such as group heterogeneity, over ecological ones, such as managing forest instead of pasture land.