bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A natural heating experiment: Phenotypic and genotypic responses of plant phenology to geothermal soil warming
Authors: Valdés Alicia , Marteinsdóttir Bryndís , Ehrlén Johan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractUnder global warming, the survival of many populations of sedentary organisms in seasonal environments will largely depend on their ability to cope with warming in situ by means of phenotypic plasticity or adaptive evolution. This is particularly true in high‐latitude environments, where current growing seasons are short, and expected temperature increases large. In such short‐growing season environments, the timing of growth and reproduction is critical to survival. Here, we use the unique setting provided by a natural geothermal soil warming gradient (Hengill geothermal area, Iceland) to study the response of Cerastium fontanum flowering phenology to temperature. We hypothesized that trait expression and phenotypic selection on flowering phenology are related to soil temperature, and tested the hypothesis that temperature‐driven differences in selection on phenology have resulted in genetic differentiation using a common garden experiment. In the field, phenology was related to soil temperature, with plants in warmer microsites flowering earlier than plants at colder microsites. In the common garden, plants responded to spring warming in a counter‐gradient fashion; plants originating from warmer microsites flowered relatively later than those originating from colder microsites. A likely explanation for this pattern is that plants from colder microsites have been selected to compensate for the shorter growing season by starting development at lower temperatures. However, in our study we did not find evidence of variation in phenotypic selection on phenology in relation to temperature, but selection consistently favoured early flowering. Our results show that soil temperature influences trait expression and suggest the existence of genetically based variation in flowering phenology leading to counter‐gradient local adaptation along a gradient of soil temperatures. An important implication of our results is that observed phenotypic responses of phenology to global warming might often be a combination of short‐term plastic responses and long‐term evolutionary responses, acting in different directions.
Assessing climate change associated sea‐level rise impacts on sea turtle nesting beaches using drones, photogrammetry and a novel GPS system
Authors: Varela Miguel R. , Patrício Ana R. , Anderson Karen , Broderick Annette C. , DeBell Leon , Hawkes Lucy A. , Tilley Dominic , Snape Robin T. E. , Westoby Matthew J. , Godley Brendan J. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractClimate change associated sea‐level rise (SLR) is expected to have profound impacts on coastal areas, affecting many species, including sea turtles which depend on these habitats for egg incubation. Being able to accurately model beach topography using digital terrain models (DTMs) is therefore crucial to project SLR impacts and develop effective conservation strategies. Traditional survey methods are typically low‐cost with low accuracy or high‐cost with high accuracy. We present a novel combination of drone‐based photogrammetry and a low‐cost and portable real‐time kinematic (RTK) GPS to create DTMs which are highly accurate (<10 cm error) and visually realistic. This methodology is ideal for surveying coastal sites, can be broadly applied to other species and habitats, and is a relevant tool in supporting the development of Specially Protected Areas. Here, we applied this method as a case‐study to project three SLR scenarios (0.48, 0.63 and 1.20 m) and assess the future vulnerability and viability of a key nesting habitat for sympatric loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas) at a key rookery in the Mediterranean. We combined the DTM with 5 years of nest survey data describing location and clutch depth, to identify (a) regions with highest nest densities, (b) nest elevation by species and beach, and (c) estimated proportion of nests inundated under each SLR scenario. On average, green turtles nested at higher elevations than loggerheads (1.8 m vs. 1.32 m, respectively). However, because green turtles dig deeper nests than loggerheads (0.76 m vs. 0.50 m, respectively), these were at similar risk of inundation. For a SLR of 1.2 m, we estimated a loss of 67.3% for loggerhead turtle nests and 59.1% for green turtle nests. Existing natural and artificial barriers may affect the ability of these nesting habitats to remain suitable for nesting through beach migration.
Linking a farm model and a location optimization model for evaluating energetic and material straw valorization pathways—A case study in Baden‐Wuerttemberg
Authors: Petig Eckart , Rudi Andreas , Angenendt Elisabeth , Schultmann Frank , Bahrs Enno 
Published: November 2018

AbstractDiminishing fossil carbon resources, global warming, and increasing material and energy needs urge for the rapid development of a bioeconomy. Biomass feedstock from agro‐industrial value chains provides opportunities for energy and material production, potentially leading to competition with traditional food and feed production. Simulation and optimization models can support the evaluation of biomass value chains and identify bioeconomy development paths, potentials, opportunities, and risks. This study presents the linkage of a farm model (EFEM) and a techno‐economic location optimization model (BIOLOCATE) for evaluating the straw‐to‐energy and the innovative straw‐to‐chemical value chains in the German federal state of Baden‐Wuerttemberg taking into account the spatially distributed and price‐sensitive nature of straw supply. The general results reveal the basic trade‐off between economies of scale of the energy production plants and the biorefineries on the one hand and the feedstock supply costs on the other hand. The results of the farm model highlight the competition for land between traditional agricultural biomass utilization such as food and feed and innovative biomass‐to‐energy and biomass‐to‐chemical value chains. Additionally, farm‐modeling scenarios illustrate the effect of farm specialization and regional differences on straw supply for biomass value chains as well as the effect of high straw prices on crop choices. The technological modeling results show that straw combustion could cover approximately 2% of Baden‐Wuerttemberg's gross electricity consumption and approximately 35% of the district heating consumption. The lignocellulose biorefinery location and size are affected by the price sensitivity of the straw supply and are only profitable for high output prices of organosolv lignin. The location optimization results illustrate that economic and political framework conditions affect the regional distribution of biomass straw conversion plants, thus favoring decentralized value chain structures in contrast to technological economies of scale.
Simple DNA marker‐assisted selection of endophyte (Epichloë uncinata)‐infected festulolium
Authors: Kubota Akito , Akiyama Yukio , Fujimori Masahiro , Tamura Ken–Ichi , Sasaki Tohru , Kasai Eri 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this study, to breed endophyte (Epichloë uncinata)‐infected festololium (x Festulolium Aschers.et Graebn.), we backcrossed endophyte‐infected Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) to festulolium. To prevent self‐pollinated plants being mixed with the progeny, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based DNA marker sets distinguishing between Lolium and Festuca species. In the first backcrossing (F1 development), 20 of the 21 progeny plants showed Festuca‐specific band patterns and were endophyte‐infected. We developed six maternal lines (BC1 development) by backcrossing six selected F1 plants. More than 97% of plants from five maternal lines had novel Festuca‐specific band patterns which their maternal parents lacked. However, only 54% plants of the maternal line F1–18 exhibited novel Festuca‐specific band patterns. F1–18 showed Festuca‐specific band patterns with almost all tested DNA marker sets, and its f ratio (the ratio of Festuca‐specific region to the whole genome) was 31.1%, indicating that F1–18 had an almost complete set of the Festuca genome. Because paternal backcrossing festulolium parents were amphidiploids, an f ratio of approximately 25% corresponds to a complete set of the Festuca genome. We found that it was difficult to evaluate BC2 hybridity using the same DNA marker sets because very few DNA markers were distinctive. In total, we bred and selected at least 146 true BC1 hybrids and endophyte‐infected plants using DNA markers.
Evaluation of gastric microbiome and metagenomic function in patients with intestinal metaplasia using 16S rRNA gene sequencing
Authors: Park Chan Hyuk , Lee A‐reum , Lee Yu‐ra , Eun Chang Soo , Lee Sang Kil , Han Dong Soo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractBackgroundDespite recent advances in studies on the gastric microbiome, the role of the non‐Helicobacter pylori gastric microbiome in gastric carcinogenesis remains unclear. We evaluated the characteristics of the gastric microbiome and metagenomic functions in patients with IM.MethodsParticipants were classified into six groups according to disease status (chronic superficial gastritis [CSG], intestinal metaplasia [IM], and cancer) and H. pylori‐ infection status (H. pylori‐positive and H. pylori‐negative). The gastric microbiome was analyzed in mucosal tissues at the gastric antrum by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Moreover, we assessed the metagenome including the type IV secretion system (T4SS) gene, as T4SS proteins are essential for transferring CagA from H. pylori- into the human gastric epithelium.ResultsAmong the 138 included patients, 48, 9, 23, 14, 12, and 32 were classified into the H. pylori‐negative CSG, H. pylori‐negative IM, H. pylori‐negative cancer, H. pylori‐positive CSG, H. pylori‐positive IM, and H. pylori‐positive cancer groups, respectively. Cyanobacteria were predominant in the H. pylori‐negative CSG group compared to in the H. pylori‐negative IM and H. pylori‐negative cancer groups (H. pylori‐negative CSG vs H. pylori‐negative IM vs H. pylori‐negative cancer: 14.0% vs 4.2% vs 0.04%, P < 0.001). In contrast, Rhizobiales were commonly observed in the H. pylori‐negative IM group (H. pylori‐negative CSG vs H. pylori‐negative IM vs H. pylori‐negative cancer: 1.9% vs 15.4% vs 2.8%, P < 0.001). The relative abundance of Rhizobiales increased as H. pylori‐infected stomachs progressed from gastritis to IM. In the H. pylori‐negative IM group, genes encoding T4SS were prevalent among the metagenome. Additionally, after H. pylori- eradication therapy, the gastric microbiome was similar to the microbiome observed after spontaneous clearance of H. pylori-.ConclusionsThe relative abundance of Rhizobiales was higher in patients with H. pylori‐negative IM than in those with H. pylori‐negative CSG or cancer. Additionally, T4SS genes were highly observed in the metagenome of patients with IM. Highly abundant T4SS proteins in these patients may promote gastric carcinogenesis.
Spectroscopy as a tool to evaluate hair damage and protection
Authors: Pavani C. , Severino D. , Villa dos Santos N. , Chiarelli‐Neto O. , Baptista M.S. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveMethods that can be used to analyse hair damage and to support a claim of hair protection are important for the cosmetic industry. There are many approaches available, but they are usually laborious and expensive. The researchers propose a simple fluorescence method that is based upon the emissive properties of damaged hair.MethodsHair fluorescence was observed when using both fluorimetry and microscopic procedures. The method was developed by comparing native hair with hair that was damaged by UVA and visible light.ResultsSpectroscopic properties (absorption and emission) of hair in the visible range are presented. The changes in the emissive properties of hair during irradiation were characterized and they were correlated with photobleaching, which is due to the generation of singlet oxygen. Emissions were also obtained in the hair shafts that had been previously treated with chamomile extract and this treatment was able to avoid hair bleaching.ConclusionThe emissive properties of hair in the visible range can be used as a tool for the evaluation of hair damage and protection. This method can be useful as a tool in order to claim substantiation.
Discussing alcohol in medicines use reviews: experiences of patients in a community pharmacy context
Authors: Jamie Kimberly , Oliver Emily J , Paterson Alistair , Whittlesea Cate 
Published: November 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Although pharmacist-led medicines use reviews (MURs) are effective for medicines management, little is understood about patients’ experiences of alcohol-related advice delivered therein. Sampling a population at high risk for misuse (within an area of socio-economic deprivation), we explored patient experiences of alcohol-related MURs.

Methods
Two focus groups were conducted with patients who had discussed alcohol in an MUR in the preceding 3 months (n = 9). Data were analysed thematically.

Key findings and conclusion
Patients were open to discussing alcohol in the MUR context. The absence of practitioner-patient power asymmetry and pharmacists’ sensitivity to cultural contexts were critical to patient engagement.
Do fluoride toothpastes have similar preventive effect in permanent and primary teeth against erosive tooth wear?
Authors: Assunção Cristiane Meira , Schlueter Nadine , Rodrigues Jonas Almeida , Carvalho Thiago Saads , Lussi Adrian 
Published: November 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about fluoride toothpastes effect on primary teeth submitted to erosive tooth wear.ObjectivesTo evaluate the preventive effect of different toothpastes on surface loss (SL) after severe erosion/abrasion model and to compare this effect between permanent (PT) and primary teeth (pt).DesignEnamel samples were randomly divided according toothpastes groups (n = 17). G1: placebo; G2: NaF; G3: AmF‐NaF‐SnCl2 anti‐erosion; G4: SnF2; and G5: NaF anti‐erosion for children. Samples were incubated in artificial saliva (1 hour), submitted to erosive challenge (3 minutes; 1% citric acid; pH3.6; at 25°C) and to toothbrush abrasion (2 minutes slurry immersion; 50 strokes; 200 g) during 30 cycles. Surface loss (μm; mean ± SD) was quantified by contactless profilometry. The effects of the two covariables “tooth” and “toothpaste” were analysed by non‐parametric ANOVA, variables with significant effects were tested by Wilcoxon tests.Resultspt showed significantly higher surface loss than PT in all groups (P < 0.001). The mean values of SL of each group were: G1 PT 18.18(±3.98), pt 25.65(±9.21); G2 PT 14.76(±2.82), pt 18.11(±3.92); G3 PT 12.62(±5.29), pt 15.61(±6.70); G4 PT 17.12(±2.24), pt 23.41(±7.9); G5 PT 13.24(±1.29), pt 18.28(±8.96).ConclusionsIn permanent teeth, G3 showed the best preventive effect. In primary teeth, G1, G3, and G5 showed similar effect.
Dy3+‐doped Y3Al5O12 transparent ceramic for high efficiency ultraviolet excited single‐phase white‐emitting phosphor
Authors: Zheng Ruilin , Ding Jianyong , Zhang Qi , Li Binbin , Wang Zhongyue , Liu Chunxiao , Lv Peng , Yu Kehan , Wei Wei 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA kind of Dy‐doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) transparent ceramic for ultraviolet excited single‐phase white light‐emitting phosphor was investigated, which has high‐quantum efficiency (45%). The temperature field of Dy:YAG transparent ceramic was calculated by steady‐state thermal simulation. Moreover, by combining with 365 nm light‐emitting diodes (LED) chip directly, the Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage coordinate (x = 0.33, y = 0.35) is close to the standard equal energy white light illumination. The Dy:YAG transparent ceramic, possessing of good optical and thermal properties, is promising for applications in high‐power LEDs devices.
Effect of particle size of as‐milled powders on microstructural and magnetic properties of Y3MnxAl0.8‐xFe4.2O12 ferrites
Authors: Ching‐Chien Huang , Chih‐Chieh Mo , Yung‐Hsiung Hung , Wei‐Zong Zuo , Jing‐Yi Huang , Hsiao‐Hsuan Hsu , Chun‐Hu Cheng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractYttrium iron garnet ferrite using the chosen stoichiometry of (Y3)(MnxAl0.8‐xFe4.2)O12 with x = 0.1 and different milling powder sizes were prepared through ball milling for various milling times to study the effect of powder size reduction on the resulting microstructural and magnetic properties. Sintered yttrium iron garnet ferrites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The particle size (D50) of as‐milled calcined powder was decreased using ball milling (from 3.682 μm for a 0.5‐hour‐long milling to 1.606 μm for a 2.5‐hour‐long milling). Scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed that the sintered grain exhibited a crystal size that was increased from initial values (average crystal grain sizes of 3.5 ± 0.1 μm for 0.5 hour of milling) up to 6.2 ± 0.1 μm after 2.5 hour of ball milling and the subsequent sintering process. The same sintered specimen after 2.5 hour of ball milling exhibited an obvious increase in saturation magnetization (4πMs), remanence (Br), and squareness ratio (namely Br/4πMs); it also caused a notable decline in coercivity (Hc) and ferromagnetic resonance line width (∆H), which were attributed to the introduction of a smaller size of calcined powder after milling and subsequently resulted in a larger sintered grain. Furthermore, a sufficient spin‐wave line width (∆Hk) and low insertion loss (|S21|) were obtained for the operation of the microwave device. The aforementioned results are all beneficial to the use of yttrium iron garnet ferrite in microwave applications. A correlation between the calcined powder size after milling, grain crystal size after sintering, and magnetic properties was evident in this study. The strict control of calcined powder size after milling is critical in tailoring suitable magnetic properties for yttrium iron garnet ferrite manufacturing processes.
Approaches to communication assessment with children and adults with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities
Authors: Chadwick Darren , Buell Susan , Goldbart Juliet 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCommunication assessment of people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) has seldom been investigated. Here, we explore approaches and decision making in undertaking communication assessments in this group of people. A questionnaire was sent to UK practitioners. The questionnaire elicited information about assessment approaches used and rationales for assessment choices. Fifty‐five speech and language therapists (SLTs) responded. Findings revealed that the Preverbal Communication Schedule, the Affective Communication Assessment and the Checklist of Communication Competence were the most frequently used published assessments. Both published and unpublished assessments were often used. Rationales for assessment choice related to assessment utility, sensitivity to detail and change and their applicability to people with PIMD. Underpinning evidence for assessments was seldom mentioned demonstrating the need for more empirical support for assessments used. Variability in practice and the eclectic use of a range of assessments was evident, underpinned by practice‐focused evidence based on tacit knowledge.
Effects of freezing method on water distribution, microstructure, and taste active compounds of frozen channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
Authors: Xu Yanshun , Song Min , Xia Wenshui , Jiang Qixing 
Published: November 2018

AbstractEffects of freezing method and frozen storage duration (16 weeks) at −18 °C on water distribution, microstructure, and taste active compounds of channel catfish fillets were investigated. Results showed that freezing and frozen storage resulted in increase in thawing loss, extracellular space, and loss of some taste active free amino acids and inosine monophosphate (IMP). After 16 weeks of storage, the total content of free amino acids decreased to 77.68% (static air freezing), 78.92% (air‐blast freezing), and 83.13% (liquid nitrogen immersion freezing) of their initial value, while IMP decreased by 45.06% (static air freezing), 25.08% (air‐blast freezing), and 24.11% (liquid nitrogen immersion freezing), respectively. Low‐field 1H NMR T2 relaxation data showed an increase in relaxation time of T21 and T22, and a decrease of T21 population with concomitant increase in T22 population during frozen storage. Compared with the other two freezing methods, liquid nitrogen immersion frozen fillets with rapid freezing rate showed a less alteration of quality, exhibiting more compact fiber arrangements, less thawing loss and better retention of taste active compounds.Practical applicationsFrozen storage has been widely used to preserve meat products for a long time, but it inevitably caused undesirable physical, chemical, and structural changes, thus leading to quality loss in texture, flavor, and color. And the degree of quality deterioration of frozen food varies depending on materials, freezing process, and frozen storage conditions. Frozen fillet is one of the main processed fish products. The study of the influence of freezing method and frozen storage on the quality of fillets in terms of water distribution, structural changes, and taste active compounds is of importance to better control the quality of frozen fish products in the industry.
Increased α2δ‐1–NMDA receptor coupling potentiates glutamatergic input to spinal dorsal horn neurons in chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Chen Youfang , Chen Shao‐Rui , Chen Hong , Zhang Jixiang , Pan Hui‐Lin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractPainful peripheral neuropathy is a severe and difficult‐to‐treat neurological complication associated with cancer chemotherapy. Although chemotherapeutic drugs such as paclitaxel are known to cause tonic activation of presynaptic NMDA receptors (NMDARs) to potentiate nociceptive input, the molecular mechanism involved in this effect is unclear. α2δ‐1, commonly known as a voltage‐activated calcium channel subunit, is a newly discovered NMDAR‐interacting protein and plays a critical role in NMDAR‐mediated synaptic plasticity. Here we show that paclitaxel treatment in rats increases the α2δ‐1 expression level in the dorsal root ganglion and spinal cord and the mRNA levels of GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B in the spinal cord. Paclitaxel treatment also potentiates the α2δ‐1–NMDAR interaction and synaptic trafficking in the spinal cord. Strikingly, inhibiting α2δ‐1 trafficking with pregabalin, disrupting the α2δ‐1–NMDAR interaction with an α2δ‐1 C‐terminus–interfering peptide, or α2δ‐1 genetic ablation fully reverses paclitaxel treatment‐induced presynaptic NMDAR‐mediated glutamate release from primary afferent terminals to spinal dorsal horn neurons. In addition, intrathecal injection of pregabalin or α2δ‐1 C‐terminus–interfering peptide and α2δ‐1 knockout in mice markedly attenuate paclitaxel‐induced pain hypersensitivity. Our findings indicate that α2δ‐1 is required for paclitaxel‐induced tonic activation of presynaptic NMDARs at the spinal cord level. Targeting α2δ‐1–bound NMDARs, not the physiological α2δ‐1–free NMDARs, may be a new strategy for treating chemotherapy‐induced neuropathic pain.Open science badgesThis article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
image