bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FBXW7 regulates a mitochondrial transcription program by modulating MITF
Authors: Abbate Franco , Badal Brateil , Mendelson Karen , Aydin Iraz T. , Serasinghe Madhavika N. , Iqbal Ramiz , Mohammed Jarvier N. , Solovyov Alexander , Greenbaum Benjamin D. , Chipuk Jerry E. , Celebi Julide T. 
Published: April 2018

SummaryFBXW7 is well characterized as a tumor suppressor in many human cancers including melanoma; however, the mechanisms of tumor‐suppressive function have not been fully elucidated. We leveraged two distinct RNA sequencing datasets: human melanoma cell lines (n = 10) with control versus silenced FBXW7 and a cohort of human melanoma tumor samples (n = 51) to define the transcriptomic fingerprint regulated by FBXW7. Here, we report that loss of FBXW7 enhances a mitochondrial gene transcriptional program that is dependent on MITF in human melanoma and confers poor patient outcomes. MITF is a lineage‐specific master regulator of melanocytes and together with PGC‐1alpha is a marker for melanoma subtypes with dependence for mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. We found that inactivation of FBXW7 elevates MITF protein levels in melanoma cells. In vitro studies examining loss of FBXW7 and MITF alone or in combination showed that FBXW7 is an upstream regulator for the MITF/PGC‐1 signaling.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children born to HIV‐positive mothers in rural Yunnan, China
Authors: Wu Jie , Li Jing , Li Yan , Loo Kek Khee , Yang Haixia , Wang Qiong , Duan Rufei , Xiao Xia , Song Xiaoxiao , Yang Siwei , Sun Lin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundChildren born to HIV‐infected mothers are at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. Little is known about the neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants and toddlers born to HIV‐positive mothers but who were not themselves infected by HIV, especially in poor rural areas. This study was conducted to compare developmental outcomes between young children who were HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU), and their HIV unexposed and uninfected (HUU) peers in rural Yunnan, China.MethodsA total of 250 HEU children aged 6–36 months and 250 HUU children matched for age, gender and residency were recruited from rural Yunnan, China. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were measured using Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (Bayley III). Multivariate analysis was performed to adjust for potential confounding effects of caregiver demographic data, maternal health status, birth outcome and children's health status.ResultsHIV exposed but uninfected children had significantly lower composite scores in Bayley III assessment than HUU children (in the cognitive domain: 90.34 vs 92.75, P<0.05; in the adaptive behavior domain: 77.04 vs 80.80, P< 0.05). On stepwise logistic regression analysis, HIV exposure (OR, 1.45; 95%CI: 1.04–1.98) and child malnutrition (OR, 1.67; 95%CI: 1.09–2.23) were risk factors for below‐average cognition development. Mother's low education and child anemia were significant risk factors for below‐average motor and adaptive behavior development.ConclusionPerinatal HIV infection may have a negative impact on neurodevelopment in young children. Other factors such as mother's education and child nutrition status may play important roles in child neurodevelopment, especially in resource‐poor areas. Further studies are needed to examine the long‐term effect of perinatal HIV infection on later childhood neurodevelopment.
Comparison of outcomes after HLA‐matched unrelated and αβ T‐cell‐depleted haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for children with high‐risk acute leukemia
Authors: Erbey Fatih , Akçay Arzu , Atay Didem , Ovalı Ercüment , Öztürk Gülyüz 
Published: April 2018

AbstractT‐cell‐depleted HAPLO HSCT is an option to treat children with high‐risk acute leukemia lacking an HLA‐identical donor. We reviewed the outcome of children with acute leukemia after HAPLO (n = 21) and HLA‐MUD (n = 32) transplantation. The proportion of patients with ≥CR2 was significantly higher in HAPLO transplantation than MUD transplantation. Patients with MUD transplantation were significantly higher ABO incompatible than patients with HAPLO transplantation. There was no difference between the 2 groups in terms of engraftment, aGvHD and cGvHD, VOD, hemorrhagic cystitis, infections, and relapse. The 5‐year OS of MUD transplantation and HAPLO transplantation groups was found 65.8% and 71.1%, respectively (log‐rank 0.51). The 5‐year RFS was 80.7% for MUD transplantation group and 86.9% for HAPLO transplantation group (log‐rank 0.48). There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups according to TRM (25% MUD transplantation vs 16.3% HAPLO transplantation, log‐rank 0.48). These data suggest that survival for patients with high‐risk acute leukemia after HAPLO transplantation with ex vivo ɑβ+ T‐cell depletion is comparable with MUD transplantation.
Perioperative anticoagulation practices for pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Voulgarelis Stylianos , Vitola Bernadette , Lerret Stacee M. , Hong Johnny C. , Scott John P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractDespite continued advancements in perioperative care for pediatric liver transplant (LT), graft‐threatening vascular occlusion events including hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT) remain a source of significant morbidity and mortality. Perioperative anticoagulation is commonly used for the prevention of HAT and PVT, but evidence‐based guidelines are lacking. The goals of this survey were to determine the frequency of use of an anticoagulation protocol and to describe variation in anticoagulation practices among pediatric LT centers. The study consisted of an online survey distributed to members of SPLIT. The survey focused on institutional anticoagulation practices employed to reduce the incidence of graft and life‐threatening vascular occlusion events. Responses were received from 31 of 39 SPLIT centers. All respondents report using anticoagulation after pediatric LT, and approximately 90% have institutional anticoagulation protocols. Subgroup analysis of high volume pediatric LT centers revealed similar variability in anticoagulation patterns. All participating SPLIT centers reported the use of post‐transplant anticoagulation and nearly all use a protocol. However, there is marked variability in the type and dose of anticoagulation as well as the timing of initiation and duration of therapy across centers.
Ribavirin therapy of hepatitis E infection may cause hyporegenerative anemia in pediatric renal transplant patients
Authors: Klämbt Verena , Panning Marcus , Seidl Maximilian , Häffner Karsten , Pohl Martin 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHEV infection can lead to chronic hepatitis in immunosuppressed patients; extrahepatic manifestations are rarely seen. Here, we report a 13‐year‐old renal transplant patient with chronic hepatitis E and renal involvement. Ribavirin therapy led to temporary virus clearance and amelioration of kidney function. However, ribavirin therapy caused severe hyporegenerative anemia, which has so far only been reported in patients treated with a combination of ribavirin and interferon alpha.
Photooxidation of Octahydro Tetramethyl Naphthalenylethanone in Perfumes and Aftershaves
Authors: Schrack Sonja , Hohl Christopher , Schwack Wolfgang 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor consumer safety reasons, cosmetics that are exposed to light are evaluated with respect to phototoxicity and/or photoallergy (photosensitization). For perfumes/aftershaves, however, these tests are not performed with the cosmetic product but only with single fragrance compounds, which may influence the outcome. In the presence of a sensitizer, photoinduced oxidation of unsaturated fragrances might result in the formation of unwanted products. Therefore, using real samples, we studied the photodegradation of the common fragrance octahydro tetramethyl naphthalenylethanone (OTNE) under in vitro irradiation, during indoor storage, and after application on skin. OTNE and its photoproducts were determined by liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to diode array detection (DAD). Whereas OTNE itself was photostable, irradiation in the presence of a sensitizer and of aftershave/perfume samples resulted in a strong degradation. Photooxygenation was identified as the major degradation reaction for all three trials. OTNE photooxidation products were characterized by LC‐high resolution mass spectrometry (LC‐HRMS) and by high‐performance thin‐layer chromatography (HPTLC) after derivatization with titanium ethoxide and nitrobenzyl pyridine. Both HPTLC and HRMS data indicate that OTNE hydroperoxides are formed during irradiation.
Emergence of the benefits and costs of grouping for visual search
Authors: Wu Rachel , McGee Brianna , Rubenstein Madelyn , Pruitt Zoe , Cheung Olivia S. , Aslin Richard N. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe present study investigated how grouping related items leads to the emergence of benefits (facilitation when related items are search targets) and costs (interference when related items are distractors) in visual search. Participants integrated different views (related items) of a novel Lego object via (a) assembling the object, (b) disassembling the object, or (c) sitting quietly without explicit instructions. An omnibus ANOVA revealed that neural responses (N2pc ERP) for attentional selection increased between pretest to posttest regardless of the training condition when a specific target view appeared (benefit) and when a nontarget view from the same object as the target view appeared (cost). Bonferroni‐corrected planned comparisons revealed that assembling the object (but not disassembling the object or no training) had a significant impact from pretest to posttest, although the ANOVA did not reveal any interaction effects, suggesting that the effects might not differ across training conditions. This study is one of the first to demonstrate the emergence of the costs and benefits of grouping novel targets on visual search efficiency.
Research progress on the role of melatonin and its receptors in animal reproduction: A comprehensive review
Authors: Talpur HS , Chandio IB , Brohi RD , Worku T , Rehman Z , Bhattarai D , Ullah F , JiaJia L , Yang L 
Published: April 2018

ContentsMelatonin and its receptors play a crucial role in the regulation of the animal reproductive process, primarily in follicular development. However, the role that melatonin performs in regulating hormones related with reproduction remains unclear. Melatonin and its receptors are present both in female and male animals’ organs, such as ovaries, heart, brain and liver. Melatonin regulates ovarian actions and is a key mediator of reproductive actions. Melatonin has numerous effects on animal reproduction, such as protection of gametes and embryos, response to clock genes, immune‐neuroendocrine, reconciliation of seasonal variations in immune function, and silence or blockage of genes. The growth ratio of reproductive illnesses in animals has raised a remarkable concern for the government, animal caretakers and farm managers. In order to resolve this challenging issue, it is very necessary to conduct state‐of‐the‐art research on melatonin and its receptors because melatonin has considerable physiognomies. This review article presents a current contemporary research conducted by numerous researchers from the entire world on the role of melatonin and its receptors in animal reproduction, from the year 1985 to the year 2017. Furthermore, this review shows scientific research challenges related to melatonin receptors and their explanations based on the findings of 172 numerous research articles, and also represents significant proficiencies of melatonin in order to show enthusiastic study direction for animal reproduction researchers.
Association of interservice interval with conception rate in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Irikura N , Uematsu M , Kitahara G , Osawa T , Sasaki Y 
Published: April 2018

ContentsThis study aimed to clarify the association of interservice interval (ISI) with conception rate (CR) and to evaluate factors affecting ISI in Japanese Black cattle. Data used in this study covered 32,639 artificial insemination (AI) records on 972 farms. The mean ± SEM of ISI and CR was 57.0 ± 0.3 days and 44.6 ± 0.3%, respectively. The relative frequency of ISI differed significantly between parity groups (p < .05). For parity 0, the proportion of ISI at an 18‐ to 24‐day interval was 43.6%, whereas the proportions in the other parity groups ranged from 27.2% to 29.1%. The CR was associated significantly with ISI, parity and AI number (p < .05), but not with season. Cows reinseminated at an 18‐ to 24‐day interval had the highest CR (46.8%; p < .05). Cows reinseminated at a 39‐ to 45‐day interval had a similar CR to those reinseminated at 25‐ 38‐day and 46‐ to 59‐day intervals. Cows reinseminated at 11–17, 60–66 and 67 days or longer intervals had the lowest CR (p < .05). Thus, cows returning to oestrus in a normal cycle tended to have a higher probability of conceiving compared with those that returned to oestrus after a normal cycle for any degree of parity and at any number of AI.
The Value of Performance Weights and Discussion in Aggregated Expert Judgments
Authors: Hanea Anca M. , McBride Marissa F. , Burgman Mark A. , Wintle Bonnie C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn risky situations characterized by imminent decisions, scarce resources, and insufficient data, policymakers rely on experts to estimate model parameters and their associated uncertainties. Different elicitation and aggregation methods can vary substantially in their efficacy and robustness. While it is generally agreed that biases in expert judgments can be mitigated using structured elicitations involving groups rather than individuals, there is still some disagreement about how to best elicit and aggregate judgments. This mostly concerns the merits of using performance‐based weighting schemes to combine judgments of different individuals (rather than assigning equal weights to individual experts), and the way that interaction between experts should be handled. This article aims to contribute to, and complement, the ongoing discussion on these topics.
Income Taxation and the Diversity of Consumer Goods: A Political Economy Approach*
Authors: Bourlès Renaud , Dorsch Michael T. , Maarek Paul 
Published: April 2018

AbstractAfter‐tax income inequality has risen since the mid‐1990s, as increases in market income inequality have not been offset by greater fiscal redistribution. We argue that the substantial increase in the diversity of consumer goods has mitigated mounting political pressures for redistribution. Within a probabilistic voting framework, we demonstrate that if the share of diversified goods in the consumption bundle increases sufficiently with income, then an increase in goods diversity can reduce the political equilibrium tax rate. Focusing on OECD countries, we find empirical support for both the model's micro‐political foundations and the implied relation between goods diversity and fiscal policy outcomes.
Bidding for Firms with Unknown Characteristics
Authors: Becker Johannes , Schneider Andrea 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWhen a region successfully attracts a firm by offering subsidies, the firm often commits itself to performance targets in terms of employment. In this paper, we interpret these firm‐specific targets as a consequence of incomplete information. We analyze a model of two regions that compete for a firm, assuming that the firm's productivity is ex ante unknown. We show that performance targets often induce overemployment in high‐productivity firms, and that tax credits are often superior to lump‐sum payments. Moreover, when regions differ in wage rates, the low‐wage region wins the bid and has a higher surplus than under complete information. Finally, we show that, under incomplete information, bidding might not lead to efficient firm location.
Rare blood donor needed
Authors: Gammon Richard R. , Alvarez Harold , Benitez Nancy 
Published: April 2018

BACKGROUNDHere, we describe a 14‐year‐old male with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2 who was transferred to a university hospital with anemia (hemoglobin 6 g/dL) and multiple singular abscesses refractory to antimicrobials.CASE REPORTAs leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 2 is associated with Bombay phenotype, the patient's red blood cells (RBCs) were tested with commercial anti‐H lectin Ulex europaeus. An allogeneic adsorption with phenotype‐matched cells was performed. RBCs negative for H antigen (Oh) were tested with patient's plasma. The American Rare Donor Program was contacted to find granulocyte donors. The patient was Bombay phenotype (Oh). All major clinically significant alloantibodies were excluded testing Oh cells and allogeneic adsorbed plasma. Two Bombay RBC units and five doses of granulocytes were requested from the blood center. Two frozen Bombay RBC units were obtained through another blood center. The American Rare Donor Program found one eligible granulocyte donor who lived 4 hours by car from the collection center. Because of this concern and other major logistic challenges, the blood center considered other options. These methods included gravity sedimentation and a cell separation system to isolate the RBCs from granulocytes. Unfortunately, neither one could be implemented. Auspiciously, the patient's condition improved and granulocytes were no longer needed.CONCLUSIONTo avoid the challenge of finding compatible granulocyte donors for patients with rare blood types and clinically significant antibodies, our blood center considered validating and implementing gravity separation to remove the incompatible RBCs from granulocyte collections.
Impact of systemic antimicrobial therapy on mucosal staphylococci in a population of dogs in Northwest England
Authors: Schmidt Vanessa M. , Pinchbeck Gina , Nuttall Tim , Shaw Steve , McIntyre K. Marie , McEwan Neil , Dawson Susan , Williams Nicola J. 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAntimicrobial‐resistant bacteria are increasingly isolated from veterinary patients.ObjectivesTo determine risk factors for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among canine mucosal staphylococci following routine antimicrobial treatment with cefalexin (CFX), clavulanate‐amoxicillin (AC), cefovecin (CVN), clindamycin (CD) or a fluoroquinolone (FQ).AnimalsMucosal swab samples (n = 463) were collected from 127 dogs pre‐treatment, immediately, and at one‐ and three‐months post‐treatment.MethodsStaphylococci were identified phenotypically and biochemically as coagulase negative (CoNS) or coagulase positive (CoPS); CoPS were speciated by nuc gene PCR. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disc diffusion and mecA gene carriage by PCR. Multilevel, multivariable models examined associations between risk factors and presence/absence of CoPS, meticillin resistance (MR), multidrug‐resistance (MDR) and fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR).ResultsThe percentage of samples with CoNS increased and with CoPS (including S. pseudintermedius) decreased immediately post‐treatment with CFX, CVN and CD (P ≤ 0.001) and one month post‐treatment with CD (P = 0.003). By three months post‐treatment, there was no significant difference compared to pre‐treatment samples. Immediately post‐treatment with FQs there was significantly increased risk of isolating MRS (P = 0.002), MDR (P = 0.002) or FQR (P = 0.013) staphylococci and of MDR following CFX treatment (P = 0.019).The percentage of samples with AMR staphylococci declined from immediately to three months post‐treatment and there was no significant difference between resistance prevalence at one or three months post‐treatment for most AMR traits and treatment groups. Exceptions include increased MDR following FQ (P = 0.048) or CFX (P = 0.021), at one and three months post‐treatment, respectively.Conclusions and clinical importanceSystemic antimicrobials impact on mucosal staphylococci. Immediately after therapy, the mucosa may be a reservoir for AMR staphylococci that are a source of mobile genetic elements carrying AMR genes.
Nifurpirinol: A more potent and reliable substrate compared to metronidazole for nitroreductase‐mediated cell ablations
Authors: Bergemann David , Massoz Laura , Bourdouxhe Jordane , Carril Pardo Claudio A. , Voz Marianne L. , Peers Bernard , Manfroid Isabelle 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe zebrafish is a popular animal model with well‐known regenerative capabilities. To study regeneration in this fish, the nitroreductase/metronidazole‐mediated system is widely used for targeted ablation of various cell types. Nevertheless, we highlight here some variability in ablation efficiencies with the metronidazole prodrug that led us to search for a more efficient and reliable compound. Herein, we present nifurpirinol, another nitroaromatic antibiotic, as a more potent prodrug compared to metronidazole to trigger cell‐ablation in nitroreductase expressing transgenic models. We show that nifurpirinol induces robust and reliable ablations at concentrations 2,000 fold lower than metronidazole and three times below its own toxic concentration. We confirmed the efficiency of nifurpirinol in triggering massive ablation of three different cell types: the pancreatic beta cells, osteoblasts, and dopaminergic neurons. Our results identify nifurpirinol as a very potent prodrug for the nitroreductase‐mediated ablation system and suggest that its use could be extended to many other cell types, especially if difficult to ablate, or when combined pharmacological treatments are desired.