bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of neonatal handling on play and anxiety in F344 and Lewis rats
Authors: Siviy Stephen M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractPlay is an important part of normal childhood development and seen in many mammals, including rats. To better understand the interplay between genotype and postnatal experiences, the effects of neonatal handling on play were assessed in Lewis (LEW) and Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Handled litters experienced brief periods of separation during the first two postnatal weeks. F344 rats were less likely to direct nape contacts toward an untreated Sprague–Dawley (SD) partner and less likely to rotate to a supine position in response to a nape contact. When compared to rats from control litters, handled LEW, and F344 rats were more likely to respond to nape contacts with complete rotations, suggesting that handling increased playful responsiveness to a comparable extent in both strains. SD rats paired with handled inbred rats had more nape contacts than those paired with non‐handled rats. While handled LEW rats also tended to direct more nape contacts to the SD partner than non‐handled LEW rats there was no difference between handled and non‐handled F344 rats. These results could not be readily explained by handling‐induced changes in either maternal care or anxiety. These data suggest that the behavioral consequences of neonatal handling may not depend to a great extent on the genetic platform that these manipulations are acting on. These data also suggest that the ability to maintain the ebb and flow between playful solicitation and playful responsiveness may be compromised in F344 rats and may contribute to the lower levels of play in this strain.
A death in the family: Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) avoidance of confamilial alarm cues diminishes with phylogenetic distance
Authors: Hume John B. , Wagner Michael 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAlarm signals released after predator attack function as reliable public information revealing areas of high risk. The utility of this information can extend beyond species boundaries, benefiting heterospecifics capable of recognizing and responding appropriately to the signal. Nonmutually exclusive hypotheses explaining the acquisition of heterospecific reactivity to cues suggest it could be conserved phylogenetically following its evolution in a common ancestor (a species‐level effect) and/or learned during periods of shared risk (a population‐level effect; e.g., shared predators). Using a laboratory‐based space‐use behavioral assay, we tested the response of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) to the damage‐released alarm cues of five confamilial (sympatric and allopatric) species and two distantly related out‐groups: a sympatric teleost (white sucker Catostomus commersonii) and an allopatric agnathan (Atlantic hagfish Myxine glutinosa). We found that sea lamprey differed in their response to conspecific and heterospecific odors; exhibiting progressively weaker avoidance of cues derived from more phylogenetically distant confamilials regardless of current overlap in distribution. Odors from out‐groups elicited no response. These findings suggest that a damage‐released alarm cue is at least partially conserved within the Petromyzontidae and that sea lamprey perceives predator attacks directed to closely related taxa. These findings are consistent with similar observations from gastropod, amphibian and bony fish taxa, and we discuss this in an eco‐evo context to provide a plausible explanation for the acquisition and maintenance of the response in sea lamprey.
Performance of the MAGGIC heart failure risk score and its modification with the addition of discharge natriuretic peptides
Authors: Sawano Mitsuaki , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Kohsaka Shun , Nagai Toshiyuki , Goda Ayumi , Mizuno Atsushi , Sujino Yasumori , Nagatomo Yuji , Kohno Takashi , Anzai Toshihisa , Fukuda Keiichi , Yoshikawa Tsutomu 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimsPredictive models for heart failure patients are widely used in the clinical practice to stratify patients' mortality and enable clinicians to tailor and intensify their approach. However, such models have not been validated internationally. In addition, biomarkers are now frequently measured to obtain prognostic information, and the implications of this practice are not known. In this study, we aimed to validate the model performance of the Meta‐analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure (MAGGIC) score in a Japanese acute heart failure registry and further explore the incremental prognostic value of discharge B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we evaluated the registered data of 2215 consecutive acute HF patients (with 694 119 person‐years follow‐up) from a prospective multicentre registry (the West Tokyo Heart Failure) conducted in Japan from April 2006 to August 2016. The mean age was 73.0 ± 13.0, and 61.2% were male. The MAGGIC score demonstrated modest discrimination (c‐index = 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.67–0.74) and good calibration (R2 value = 0.97); there was constant overestimation for 1 year mortality. However, when the BNP level was added to the original MAGGIC variables, the model demonstrated good discrimination (c‐index = 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.70–0.78) with adequate calibration (R2 value = 0.91). The modified MAGGIC BNP score was externally validated in a separate Japanese registry (NaDEF) and demonstrated moderate discrimination (c‐index = 0.69, 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.73) and calibration (R2 value = 0.85).ConclusionThe original MAGGIC score performed modestly in Japanese patients, but the addition of discharge BNP level enhanced model performance. The addition of objective biomarkers may result in effective modification of preexisting internationally recognized risk models and aid in multinational comparisons of heart failure patients' outcomes.
Edible Oil Production From Microalgae: A Review
Authors: Xue Zhaohui , Wan Fang , Yu Wancong , Liu Jing , Zhang Zhijun , Kou Xiaohong 
Published: March 2018

Microalgae are considered an interesting candidate for the sustainable production of edible oils. Because microalgae contain abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and have high photosynthetic rates and high oil productivity, they are superior to terrestrial oleaginous crops for producing edible oils. Microalgae are cultivated in aquatic environments, and thus, oil extraction methods for microalgae must consider the influence of water. This paper provides an overview of the suitability of microalgal lipid compositions and proposes a selection of species for edible oil production. The numerous technologies currently available for pretreatment, wet extraction and the refining of edible oils from microalgae are collated and presented, with a primary focus on the key parameters influencing process performance. Furthermore, the paper presents a proposed solution for a microalgae integrated system for edible oil production, which is a possible future direction to develop an economical and environmentally friendly process for the resource utilization of microalgal biomass.Practical Application: Microalgae might be the most promising source of edible oils, with potential applications in food industrialization, due to its rich oil content and its characteristic fatty acid composition. The review provides a selection criterion of microalgal species to help researchers exploit microalgae to produce superior edible oils for human consumption. Various process parameters and wet extraction methods are discussed that may be conducive to improving process performance and achieving high oil recovery yields. By considering the maximum utilization of microalgal biomass, an integrated system in this review would assist in economical production during further studies.Microalgae are the most promising candidates for edible oil production. Cell disruption, extraction, and refining are important processes for microalgal oils and on this basis, wet extraction and resource utilization can further promote the economic feasibility of microalgal process.
Broadening the individual differences lens on party support and voting behavior: Cynicism and prejudice as relevant attitudes referring to modern‐day political alignments
Authors: Van Assche Jasper , Van Hiel Alain , Dhont Kristof , Roets Arne 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSocial‐cultural and economic‐hierarchical ideological attitudes have long been used to explain variation in political partisanship. We propose two additional, stable attitudes (political cynicism and ethnic prejudice) that may help in explaining contemporary political alignments. In a Belgian (N = 509) and Dutch sample (N = 628), we showed that party support can be segmented into four broad families: left, libertarian, traditionalist, and far‐right parties. Both studies revealed that social‐cultural and economic‐hierarchical right‐wing attitudes were negatively related to left party support and positively to libertarian, traditionalist and far‐right support. Importantly, additional variance was consistently explained by political cynicism (lower libertarian and traditionalist support), ethnic prejudice (lower left support), or both (higher far‐right support). Study 2 additionally demonstrated these patterns for self‐reported voting.
Exploring the social side of self‐compassion: Relations with empathy and outgroup attitudes
Authors: Fuochi Giulia , Veneziani Chiara A. , Voci Alberto 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSelf‐compassion is a disposition involving compassionate attitudes toward the self when facing difficulties. We argued that specific self‐compassion components might influence indicators of openness to others, such as empathy and outgroup attitudes. We hypothesized that the component called common humanity versus isolation, involving the acknowledgement that one's sufferings are shared with all the other humans, would be positively related to the other‐oriented aspects of empathy, perspective taking and empathic concern, and to improved outgroup attitudes. We also hypothesized that the mindfulness versus over‐identification component, i.e., having a balanced view of one's situation avoiding exaggerations, would be associated with lowered personal distress. In three studies, with three independent samples, we regressed empathy and outgroup attitudes on self‐compassion components, while controlling for concurrent predictors such as self‐construal and attachment styles. Results supported our hypotheses, suggesting that improvements in empathy and outgroup attitudes may be fostered by positive individual dispositions.
When and how social movements mobilize action within and across nations to promote solidarity with refugees
Authors: Thomas Emma F. , Smith Laura G.E. , McGarty Craig , Reese Gerhard , Kende Anna , Bliuc Ana‐Maria , Curtin Nicola , Spears Russell 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWhen and how do social movements form to mobilize action across national boundaries? In the context of the 2015 movement to support Syrian refugees, we develop an integrative model of transnational social movement formation shaped by pre‐existing world‐views (social dominance orientation and right‐wing authoritarianism) and social media exposure to iconic events, resulting in an emergent group consciousness (“we are”, “we believe”, “we feel”). Group consciousness is, in turn, the proximal predictor of solidarity with refugees. Participants were from six countries: Hungary (N = 267), Romania (N = 163), Germany (N = 190), the United Kingdom (N = 159), the United States (N = 244) and Australia (N = 344). Multi‐group structural equation models confirmed that group consciousness, shaped by individual differences and exposure to events through social media, was the proximal predictor of solidarity. The subjective meaning of group consciousness varied across samples, reflecting national differences. Results support the importance of considering individual and national differences, and group processes in understanding emergent social movements.
Method for evaluation of concrete containment structure subjected to earthquake excitation and internal pressure increase
Authors: Huang Xu , Kwon Oh‐Sung , Bentz Evan , Tcherner Julia 
Published: March 2018

SummaryThis study evaluates capabilities of the VecTor4 computer program to assess the seismic performance of a concrete containment structure subjected to both design‐basis and beyond design‐basis earthquakes. Based on a detailed nonlinear finite element model of the nuclear power plant containment structure, the seismic performance in terms of stress and strain distributions, cracks, yielding of reinforcement bars and tendons, as well as overall failure mechanism, is thoroughly reviewed. In addition, the post‐seismic performance of the containment structure subjected to a subsequent pressure increase is also investigated. Consideration is also given to the time‐dependent parameters of creep, shrinkage, and relaxation of prestressing tendons. It is found that the time‐dependent parameters and earthquake have a non‐negligible impact on pressure‐induced structural performance but that this impact can be predicted for a given earthquake. The proposed method is useful for assessing the progressive failure behaviour of containment structure under chain events.
Soil water dynamics under different forest vegetation cover: Implications for hillslope stability
Authors: Hayati Elyas , Abdi Ehsan , Saravi Mohsen Mohseni , Nieber John L. , Majnounian Baris , Chirico Giovanni B. , Wilson Bruce , Nazarirad Moharramali 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThough it is well known that vegetation affects the water balance of soils through canopy interception and evapotranspiration, its hydrological contribution to soil hydrology and stability is yet to be fully quantified. To improve understanding of this hydrological process, soil water dynamics have been monitored at three adjacent hillslopes with different vegetation covers (deciduous tree cover, coniferous tree cover, and grass cover), for nine months from December 2014 to September 2015. The monitored soil moisture values were translated into soil matric suction (SMS) values to facilitate the analysis of hillslope stability. Our observations showed significant seasonal variations in SMS for each vegetation cover condition. However, a significant difference between different vegetation covers was only evident during the winter season where the mean SMS under coniferous tree cover (83.6 kPa) was significantly greater than that under grass cover (41 kPa). The hydrological reinforcing contribution due to matric suction was highest for the hillslope with coniferous tree cover, while the hillslope with deciduous tree cover was second and the hillslope with grass cover was third. The greatest contributions for all cover types were during the summer season. During the winter season, the wettest period of the monitoring study, the additional hydrological reinforcing contributions provided by the deciduous tree cover (1.5 to 6.5 kPa) or the grass cover (0.9 to 5.4 kPa) were insufficient to avoid potential slope failure conditions. However, the additional hydrological reinforcing contribution from the coniferous tree cover (5.8 to 10.4 kPa) was sufficient to provide potentially stable hillslope conditions during the winter season. Our study clearly suggests that during the winter season the hydrological effects from both deciduous tree and grass covers are insufficient to promote slope stability, while the hydrological reinforcing effects from the coniferous tree cover are sufficient even during the winter season. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of landform variation on vegetation patterning and related sediment dynamics
Authors: Baartman Jantiene E.M. , Temme Arnaud J.A.M. , Saco Patricia M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractSemi‐arid ecosystems are often spatially self‐organized in typical patterns of vegetation bands with high plant cover interspersed with bare soil areas, also known as ‘tiger bush’. In modelling studies, most often, straight planar slopes were used to analyse vegetation patterning. The effect of slope steepness has been investigated widely, and some studies investigated the effects of microtopography and hillslope orientation. However, at the larger catchment scale, the overall form of the landscape may affect vegetation patterning and these more complex landscapes are much more prevalent than straight slopes. Hence, our objective was to determine the effect of landform variation on vegetation patterning and sediment dynamics. We linked two well‐established models that simulate (a) plant growth, death and dispersal of vegetation, and (b) erosion and sedimentation dynamics. The model was tested on a straight planar hillslope and then applied to (i) a set of simple synthetic topographies with varying curvature and (ii) three more complex, real‐world landscapes of distinct morphology. Results show banded vegetation patterning on all synthetic topographies, always perpendicular to the slope gradient. Interestingly, we also found that movement of bands – a debated phenomenon – seems to be dependent on curvature. Vegetation banding was simulated on the slopes of the alluvial fan and along the valley slopes of the dissected and rolling landscapes. In all landscapes, local valleys developed a full vegetation cover induced by water concentration, which is consistent with observations worldwide. Finally, banded vegetation patterns were found to reduce erosion significantly as compared to other vegetation configurations. © 2018 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Improving antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of colla corii asini hydrolysates using ginkgo biloba extracts
Authors: Xu Xiaobing , Guo Shangwei , Hao Xianghui , Ma Hui , Bai Yanping , Huang Yaqin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractColla corii asini hydrolysates (ACCH) and ginkgo biloba extracts (EGb) possess more potent antioxidant effects when used in combination than when used alone. The mixture of ACCH and EGb at a dose ratio of 20:4(w:w) showed the highest radical scavenging activity with IC50 of 0.17 ± 0.01, 0.43 ± 0.02 and 1.52 ± 0.07 mg/ml against DPPH, ABTS and HO· free radicals, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibition of breast cancer cells MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 proliferation increased when these cell lines were treated with a combination of ACCH and EGb for 72 hr, with IC50 of 4.32 ± 0.12 mg/ml and 0.39 ± 0.01 mg/ml, respectively. The findings indicated that the mixtures of ACCH and EGb could be used to prevent and treat some diseases caused by the excessive free radicals, especially cancer. Therefore, the mixtures of ACCH and EGb might serve as a natural source of desirable antioxidant and anticancer agents for the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
Geographical discrimination of palm oils (Elaeis guineensis) using quality characteristics and UV‐visible spectroscopy
Authors: Jolayemi Olusola S. , Ajatta Mary A. , Adegeye Abimbola A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis preliminary study demonstrated the possibility of discriminating geographical origin of palm oils using conventional quality characteristics and UV‐visible spectroscopy. A total of 60 samples, 20 from each region (North (N), South (S), and Central (C)) of Ondo State Nigeria, were analyzed for their quality characteristics and UV‐visible spectra. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structure discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) were applied to elaborate the data. Models were built on the most informative portion of the spectra (250–550 nm) as: untreated (without pretreatment) and standard normal variate—second‐derivative‐treated (SNV+2der) data matrices. OPLS‐DA classification models were validated by independent prediction sets and cross‐validation. PCA score plots of both chemical and spectral data matrices revealed geographical distinction between the palm oil samples. Significantly high carotene content, free fatty acids, acid value, and peroxide value distinguished Central palm oils. K extinction values, color density, and chlorophyll content were the most important quality parameters separating North oil samples. In the discriminant models, over 95% and 85% percent correct classification were recorded for spectral and chemical data, respectively. These results cannot be considered exhaustive because of the limited sample size used. However, the study suggested a potential analytical technique suitable for geographical origin authentication of palm oils with additional advantages that include the following: speed, low cost, and minimal waste.
Mining online activity data to understand food consumption behavior: A case of Asian fish sauce among Japanese consumers
Authors: Nakano Mitsutoshi , Sato Hiroaki , Watanabe Toshihiro , Takano Katsumi , Sagane Yoshimasa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInternet search engines and online recipe repositories have become increasingly popular resources among households for recipes and meal planning. Meanwhile, fish sauce's distinct flavor makes it a popular condiment in Southeast Asian countries. Although fish sauce is used as a condiment for traditional cuisine in Japan, it is not popular for general household use. To understand the consumption behavior regarding fish sauce in Japanese households, we analyzed search trends for the wordsnampla(Thai fish sauce),nuoc mam(Vietnamese fish sauce), andshottsuru(Japanese fish sauce) using Google's search engine and the Japanese online recipe site Cookpad. The results clearly indicatenampla's rising popularity due to the rapid spread of Thai cuisine and an annually increasing traditional consumption of Japanese fish sauce. These results provide insights into the household demand for fish sauce.
Evaluation of MLH1 variants of unclear significance
Authors: Köger Nicole , Paulsen Lea , López‐Kostner Francisco , Della Valle Adriana , Vaccaro Carlos Alberto , Palmero Edenir Inêz , Alvarez Karin , Sarroca Carlos , Neffa Florencia , Kalfayan Pablo German , Gonzalez Maria Laura , Rossi Benedito Mauro , Reis Rui Manuel , Brieger Angela , Zeuzem Stefan , Hinrichsen Inga , Dominguez‐Valentin Mev , Plotz Guido 
Published: March 2018

AbstractInactivating mutations in the MLH1 gene cause the cancer predisposition Lynch syndrome, but for small coding genetic variants it is mostly unclear if they are inactivating or not. Nine such MLH1 variants have been identified in South American colorectal cancer (CRC) patients (p.Tyr97Asp, p.His112Gln, p.Pro141Ala, p.Arg265Pro, p.Asn338Ser, p.Ile501del, p.Arg575Lys, p.Lys618del, p.Leu676Pro), and evidence of pathogenicity or neutrality was not available for the majority of these variants. We therefore performed biochemical laboratory testing of the variant proteins and compared the results to protein in silico predictions on structure and conservation. Additionally, we collected all available clinical information of the families to come to a conclusion concerning their pathogenic potential and facilitate clinical diagnosis in the affected families. We provide evidence that four of the alterations are causative for Lynch syndrome, four are likely neutral and one shows compromised activity which can currently not be classified with respect to its pathogenic potential. The work demonstrates that biochemical testing, corroborated by congruent evolutionary and structural information, can serve to reliably classify uncertain variants when other data are insufficient.