bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Region of Interest Measurements for the Objective Assessment of Post-Contrast Enhancement of Renal Lesions on MRI
Authors: Al Salmi Ishaq Sulaiman , Halperin Joshua , Al-Douri Faten , Leung Vincent , Patlas Michael , Alabousi Abdullah 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the use of region of interest (ROI) measurements in MRI to objectively assess for enhancement in suspected solid renal masses and to determine a minimum threshold value for true enhancement. Methods: Contrast-enhanced renal MRI studies performed between January 2015 and December 2017 for patients with a known renal mass who had subsequent biopsy, or partial/radical nephrectomy were included. Two body imaging fellows independently measured the mean ROI values of renal masses, normal renal parenchyma, the ipsilateral psoas muscle and external air on the pre- and post-contrast sequences. The absolute and percentage changes in the mean ROI values were calculated. The readers were blinded to the pathology results. Results: 104 patients were included in this study (mean age of 65 years; 58 males and 46 females). 74 patients (71%) had a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Pathology showed clear-cell RCC in 55%, papillary RCC in 22%, and other RCC subtypes in 23%. There were 30 non-RCC renal lesions (29%), including oncocytoma, renal papillary adenoma, and renal metastasis. The minimum percentage change in ROI values in the pre- versus post-contrast images for all pathology-proven RCCs was 23% (range: 23–437%, mean: 143%); this represents relative enhancement and was referred to as the Signal Intensity Index (SII). The percentage change for normal renal parenchyma ranged from 32–317%. The maximum percentage change in ROI values for pathology proven renal cysts was 13% (range: −5–13%, mean: 3.5%). There was excellent inter observer agreement between the two readers [Intra-class correlation coefficient (r) 0.81]. Conclusion: The percentage change in ROI values (SII) can be a helpful tool in the objective assessment of true enhancement of renal masses and can supplement subtraction images. The minimum threshold for enhancement in our study was 23%. Advances in knowledge: Enhancement of a renal lesion can be determined using the objective tool of ROI measurements in the pre- and post-contrast MR images with a percentage change of 20% or above indicating enhancement. This is an additional objective tool, which in conjunction with the subtraction images may improve detection and appropriate diagnosis of renal lesions. It could also be helpful in cases where the subtraction images are degraded by motion artefact.
Reexamining How Utility and Weighting Functions Get Their Shapes: A Quasi-Adversarial Collaboration Providing a New Interpretation
Authors: Alempaki Despoina , Canic Emina , Mullett Timothy L. , Skylark William J. , Starmer Chris , Stewart Neil , Tufano Fabio 
Published: July 2019

In a paper published in Management Science in 2015, Stewart, Reimers, and Harris (SRH) demonstrated that shapes of utility and probability weighting functions could be manipulated by adjusting the distributions of outcomes and probabilities on offer as predicted by the theory of decision by sampling. So marked were these effects that, at face value, they profoundly challenge standard interpretations of preference theoretic models in which such functions are supposed to reflect stable properties of individual risk preferences. Motivated by this challenge, we report an extensive replication exercise based on a series of experiments conducted as a quasi-adversarial collaboration across different labs and involving researchers from both economics and psychology. We replicate the SRH effect across multiple experiments involving changes in many design features; importantly, however, we find that the effect is also present in designs modified so that decision by sampling predicts no effect. Although those results depend on model-based inferences, an alternative analysis using a model-free comparison approach finds no evidence of patterns akin to the SRH effect. On the basis of simulation exercises, we demonstrate that the SRH effect may be a consequence of misspecification biases arising in parameter recovery exercises that fit imperfectly specified choice models to experimental data. Overall, our analysis casts the SRH effect in an entirely new light. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making
Lottery-Related Anomalies: The Role of Reference-Dependent Preferences
Authors: An Li , Wang Huijun , Wang Jian , Yu Jianfeng 
Published: July 2019

Previous empirical studies find that lottery-like stocks significantly underperform their non-lottery-like counterparts. Using five different measures of the lottery features in the literature, we document that the anomalies associated with these measures are state dependent: the evidence supporting these anomalies is strong and robust among stocks where investors have lost money, whereas among stocks where investors have gained profits, the evidence is either weak or even reversed. Several potential explanations for such empirical findings are examined, and we document support for the explanation based on reference-dependent preferences. Our results provide a unified framework to understand the lottery-related anomalies in the literature. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance.
Mismatch ‘never events’ in hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Odgaard A. , Laursen M. B. , Gromov K. , Troelsen A. , Kristensen P. W. , Schrøder H. , Madsen F. , Overgaard S. 
Published: July 2019

Aims The aim of this study was to give estimates of the incidence of component incompatibility in hip and knee arthroplasty and to test the effect of an online, real-time compatibility check. Materials and Methods Intraoperative barcode registration of arthroplasty implants was introduced in Denmark in 2013. We developed a compatibility database and, from May 2017, real-time compatibility checking was implemented and became part of the registration. We defined four classes of component incompatibility: A-I, A-II, B-I, and B-II, depending on an assessment of the level of risk to the patient (A/B), and on whether incompatibility was knowingly accepted (I/II). Results A total of 26 524 arthroplasties were analyzed. From 12 307 procedures that were undertaken before implementation of the compatibility check, 21 class A incompatibilities were identified (real- or high-risk combinations; 0.17%; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11 to 0.26). From 5692 hip and 6615 knee procedures prior to implementation of the compatibility check, we found rates of class A-I incompatibility (real- or high-risk combinations unknowingly inserted) of 0.14% (95% CI 0.06 to 0.28) and 0.17% (95% CI 0.08 to 0.30), respectively. From 14 217 procedures after the introduction of compatibility checking (7187 hips and 7030 knees), eight class A incompatibilities (0.06%; 95% CI 0.02 to 0.11) were identified. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.008). Conclusion Our data presents validated estimates of the baseline incidence of incompatibility events for hip and knee arthroplasty procedures and shows that a significant reduction in class A incompatibility events is possible using a web-based recording system. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:960–969.
Mapping recovery in simple and complex tibial plateau fracture fixation
Authors: Ramoutar D. N. , Lefaivre K. , Broekhuyse H. , Guy P. , O’Brien P. 
Published: July 2019

AimsThe aim of this study was to determine the trajectory of recovery following fixation of tibial plateau fractures up to five-year follow-up, including simple (Schatzker I-IV) versus complex (Schatzker V-VI) fractures.Patients and MethodsPatients undergoing open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for tibial plateau fractures were enrolled into a prospective database. Functional outcome, using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey Physical Component Summary (SF-36 PCS), was collected at baseline, six months, one year, and five years. The trajectory of recovery for complex fractures (Schatzker V and VI) was compared with simple fractures (Schatzker I to IV). Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated between timepoints. In all, 182 patients were enrolled: 136 (74.7%) in simple and 46 (25.3%) in complex. There were 103 female patients and 79 male patients with a mean age of 45.8 years (15 to 86).ResultsMean SF-36 PCS improved significantly in both groups from six to 12 months (p < 0.001) and one to five years (simple, p = 0.008; complex, p = 0.007). In both groups, the baseline scores were not reached at five years. The SF-36 PCS was significantly higher in the simple group compared with the complex group at both six months (p = 0.007) and 12 months (p = 0.01), but not at five years (p = 0.17). Between each timepoint, approximately 50% or more of the patients in each group achieved an MCID in their score change, indicating a significant clinical change in condition. The complex group had a much larger drop off in the first six months, with comparable proportions achieving MCID at the subsequent time intervals.ConclusionTibial plateau fracture recovery was characterized overall by an initial decline in functional outcome from baseline, followed by a steep improvement from six to 12 months, and ongoing recovery up to five years. In simple patterns, patients tended to achieve a higher functional score by six months compared with the complex patterns. However, comparable functional scores between the groups achieved only at the five-year point suggest later recovery in the complex group. Function does not improve to baseline by five years in either group. This information is useful in counselling patients about the course of prospective recovery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:1009–1014.
Can spinopelvic mobility be predicted in patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty?
Authors: Innmann M. M. , Merle C. , Gotterbarm T. , Ewerbeck V. , Beaulé P. E. , Grammatopoulos G. 
Published: July 2019

Aims This study of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip aimed to: 1) characterize the contribution of the hip, spinopelvic complex, and lumbar spine when moving from the standing to the sitting position; 2) assess whether abnormal spinopelvic mobility is associated with worse symptoms; and 3) identify whether spinopelvic mobility can be predicted from static anatomical radiological parameters. Patients and Methods A total of 122 patients with end-stage OA of the hip awaiting total hip arthroplasty (THA) were prospectively studied. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs; Oxford Hip Score, Oswestry Disability Index, and Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey Score) and clinical data were collected. Sagittal spinopelvic mobility was calculated as the change from the standing to sitting position using the lumbar lordosis angle (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), pelvic-femoral angle (PFA), and acetabular anteinclination (AI) from lateral radiographs. The interaction of the different parameters was assessed. PROMs were compared between patients with normal spinopelvic mobility (10° ≤ ∆PT ≤ 30°) or abnormal spinopelvic mobility (stiff: ∆PT < ± 10°; hypermobile: ∆PT > ± 30°). Multiple regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to test for possible predictors of spinopelvic mobility. Results Standing to sitting, the hip flexed by a mean of 57° (sd 17°), the pelvis tilted backwards by a mean of 20° (sd 12°), and the lumbar spine flexed by a mean of 20° (sd 14°); strong correlations were detected. There was no difference in PROMs between patients in the different spinopelvic mobility groups. Maximum hip flexion, standing PT, and standing AI were independent predictors of spinopelvic mobility (R2 = 0.42). The combined thresholds for standing was PT ≥ 13° and hip flexion ≥ 88° in the clinical examination, and had 90% sensitivity and 63% specificity of predicting spinopelvic stiffness, while SS ≥ 42° had 84% sensitivity and 67% specificity of predicting spinopelvic hypermobility. Conclusion The hip, on average, accounts for three-quarters of the standing-to-sitting movement, but there is great variation. Abnormal spinopelvic mobility cannot be screened with PROMs. However, clinical and standing radiological features can predict spinopelvic mobility with good enough accuracy, allowing them to be used as reliable screening tools. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:902–909.
Classification of combined partial knee arthroplasty
Authors: Garner A. , van Arkel R. J. , Cobb J. 
Published: July 2019

Aims There has been a recent resurgence in interest in combined partial knee arthroplasty (PKA) as an alternative to total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The varied terminology used to describe these procedures leads to confusion and ambiguity in communication between surgeons, allied health professionals, and patients. A standardized classification system is required for patient safety, accurate clinical record-keeping, clear communication, correct coding for appropriate remuneration, and joint registry data collection. Materials and Methods An advanced PubMed search was conducted, using medical subject headings (MeSH) to identify terms and abbreviations used to describe knee arthroplasty procedures. The search related to TKA, unicompartmental (UKA), patellofemoral (PFA), and combined PKA procedures. Surveys were conducted of orthopaedic surgeons, trainees, and biomechanical engineers, who were asked which of the descriptive terms and abbreviations identified from the literature search they found most intuitive and appropriate to describe each procedure. The results were used to determine a popular consensus. Results Survey participants preferred “bi-unicondylar arthroplasty” (Bi-UKA) to describe ipsilateral medial and lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty; “medial bi-compartmental arthroplasty” (BCA-M) to describe ipsilateral medial unicompartmental arthroplasty with patellofemoral arthroplasty; “lateral bi-compartmental arthroplasty” (BCA-L) to describe ipsilateral lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty with patellofemoral arthroplasty; and tri-compartmental arthroplasty (TCA) to describe ipsilateral patellofemoral and medial and lateral unicompartmental arthroplasties. “Combined partial knee arthroplasty” (CPKA) was the favoured umbrella term. Conclusion We recommend bi-unicondylar arthroplasty (Bi-UKA), medial bicompartmental arthroplasty (BCA-M), lateral bicompartmental arthroplasty (BCA-L), and tricompartmental arthroplasty (TCA) as the preferred terms to classify CPKA procedures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:922–928.
Profil Sindrom Aspirasi Mekonium pada Bayi Baru Lahir di RSUD Dr. Soetrasno Rembang
Authors: Anindita Ahimsa Yoga , Hidayah Dwi , Hafidh Yulidar , Moelyo Annang Giri , Dewi Mayasari 
Published: July 2019

<p class="TextAbstract"><strong>Introduction</strong>: The presence of meconium in amniotic fluid occurs in 13% of live births in developing countries. This condition develops when the gestational age increases at delivery. Meconium aspiration syndrome occurs in 5% of newborns in meconium stained amniotic fluid. The aim of this study is to determine the profile of newborns who experience meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) who are treated at Dr. Soetrasno Hospital, Rembang and its outcome.</p><p class="TextAbstract"><strong>Methods</strong>: Prospective study, data were obtained from medical records of Dr. Soetrasno Hospital, Rembang during September to October 2018, on newborns with MAS.</p><p class="TextAbstract"><strong>Results</strong>: Of 12 newborns with MAS were obtained, consisting of 7 (58.3%) male and 5 (41.7%) female. All cases were term infants (gestational age above 37 weeks) and normal birth weight (above 2500 grams). Based on the first minute APGAR score, there were 4 newborns had score 1 and 2, respectively (33.3%). Based on the fifth minute APGAR score, there were 7 newborns had score 3 (58.3%). The outcome of newborns with MAS were 7 alive (58.3%) and 5 died (41.7%).</p><p class="TextAbstract"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: There were 12 newborns suffering from MAS (54.5%) of 22 babies hospitalized at the NICU dr. Soetrasno Hospital Rembang. All newborns with MAS were term infants and normal birth weight. There were 5 newborns with MAS which required invasive mechanical ventilation (intubation) and all died (41.7%).</p><p class="Keywords"> </p>
Evaluating Tiered Hemolysis Thresholds to Facilitate Rapid Reporting of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin
Authors: Turner Katherine A , Kaleta Erin J , Harnish Tanya L , Madani Zahra , Snozek Christine L H 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Cardiac troponin (cTn) assays are used for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction and frequently require serial measurements. Recollection of unacceptable specimens for hemolysis can delay results and disrupt timing of serial measurements. This study was designed to assess the influence of hemolysis on a high-sensitivity cTnT assay in granular detail at clinically important concentrations. These were used in consultation with the clinical practice to evaluate risk-based thresholds for acceptable amounts of hemolysis.

Methods
Plasma pools ranging from &lt;10 to &gt;100 ng/L cTnT were spiked with hemolysate to various degrees of hemolysis and measured using the Elecsys Troponin T Gen 5 STAT assay. The impact of accepting expanded hemolysis thresholds was completed using retrospective data of 12225 serial cTnT results and an additional 4651 baseline cTnT results.

Results
The mean percent change in cTnT was consistent for a given degree of hemolysis regardless of the initial nonhemolyzed cTnT concentration. Tiered hemolysis thresholds were evaluated for low-risk patients (apparent cTnT ≤8 ng/L), intermediate-risk patients (thresholds for 9–37 ng/L, 38–66 ng/L, and 67–99 ng/L cTnT), and high-risk patients (≥100 ng/L cTnT). The influence of tiered hemolysis thresholds was calculated for patients with serial (0 and 2 h) cTnT results, which demonstrated that the majority of 2-h delta interpretations were unchanged. Implementation of tiered thresholds dramatically decreased recollections for hemolyzed cTnT samples.

Conclusion
Tiered hemolysis cutoffs minimized disruption to patient care for low- and high-risk patients, while maintaining the integrity of serial measurements for those with intermediate cTnT concentrations.
Para uma conceptualização evolucionista de Saúde Mental
Authors: Urbano Pedro 
Published: July 2019

O problema epistemológico do critério de demarcação (entre o que é e o que não é doença mental), constitui um dos problemas mais centrais e mais fundamentais da Psicopatologia. Ao longo de um percurso acidentado e demorado de milénios de história documentada, foram-se sucedendo várias formas de conceptualizar a doença e a doença mental, desde a tradição sobrenatural até, no caso específico desta última, ao omnipresente manual DSM, que se veio a impor a nível mundial como a classificação oficial dos transtornos psiquiátricos. Todavia, nenhuma forma se revelou até agora verdadeiramente satisfatória para a discriminação e caracterização de tais transtornos. Nem sequer o manual DSM, afinal uma espécie de glossário construído sobre consensos validados estatisticamente, que no fundo traduz a liderança (ou mesmo o poder hegemónico) do pragmatismo norte-americano sobre a Psiquiatria e a Psicologia, e que parte de pressupostos discutíveis, em particular a assunção de que as diferentes entidades de diagnóstico que define possuem uma realidade subjacente natural e universal.
É necessário prosseguir o caminho. Um caminho iniciado por Karl Jaspers, no que diz respeito à via compreensiva (e não apenas descritiva) dos fenómenos em causa. Um caminho que só fará sentido percorrer se se procurar conhecer melhor as realidades naturais que possam existir, quando existam, subjacentes aos transtornos psiquiátricos; procurando ao mesmo tempo reconhecer que partes das definições de tais transtornos são culturalmente definidas e procurando, ainda, articular as diferentes ordens de factores (naturais e sociais) que, juntas, formarão uma nova conceptualização e compreensão de doença e de doença mental. Isto é, procurando por um lado conhecer o funcionamento natural dos mecanismos psicológicos, tais como foram «programados» ou «desenhados» pela evolução da espécie humana; procurando conhecer igualmente as condições ambientais (sociais, culturais, etc.) que fazem disparar tais mecanismos, necessariamente contextuais, de forma disfuncional; e, por fim, incorporando tais conhecimentos nos valores culturais que vêm definindo, ao longo dos séculos e das civilizações, os comportamentos desviantes que se consideram ser doença mental. Tal conceptualização, evolucionista pela sua natureza, poderá vir a trazer enfim uma solução para o problema fundamental de definir critérios de demarcação (entre o que é e o que não é doença mental) que permitam, por sua vez, encontrar explicações adequadas e satisfatórias para a compreensão dos fenómenos psiquiátricos.
Investigation of the Arc Characteristics of Switching DC Arcs on Hydrogen Containing Gas Mixtures
Authors: Gonzalez D. , Gortschakow S. , Yu S. , Werner F. 
Published: July 2019

The characteristics of switching DC current arcs in hydrogen containing gas mixtures under pressure were investigated using a model chamber. The switching device consists of an electro-mechanic double breaker unit with copper contacts. High-speed imaging and spectroscopy were used to observe and to characterize the switching arc. The experiments indicate how the dynamic interaction of an external magnetic field with a high-pressure discharge causes an elongation and twisting of the arc-channel and consequently a voltage increase. Comparative measurements with and without external magnetic field indicate a strong influence of this factor. Cu and N lines together with strongly broadened H lines were observed.
KONSEP PENDIDIKAN KELUARGA DALAM PERSPEKTIF AL-QURAN DAN HADIS
Authors: Labaso Syahrial Iyal 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The role of the family in the educational process, is an inevitable necessity, this is because the important role of the family as the environment of origin, and also the first environment for humans. This shows, the existence of the family is very important, in supporting the achievement of educational goals. Facts and reality in the field show that, the role of the family today, has not shown its maximum effort as the main educational institution, so that there is a practice of violence in the family, both against wife and child, which is certainly very contradictory basic principles in the process of education. The presence of this article, intended to explore the important role of the family, in the educational process based on the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith. This exploration is intended to gain a fundamental essence in the process of family education, so as to provide a new perspective on the perceiving of the family as an important part of the humanizing process.
Abstrak
Peran keluarga dalam proses pendidikan, adalah suatu keniscayaan yang tidak dapat dielakkan, hal ini sebabkan peran penting keluarga sebagai lingkungan asal, dan sekaligus lingkungan pertama bagi manusia. Hal ini menunjukkan, eksistensi keluarga yang sangat penting artinya, dalam menunjang ketercapain tujuan pendidikan. Berbagai fakta dan realitas dilapangan menunjukkan bahwa, peran keluarga dewasa ini, belum menampilkan usaha maksimalnya sebagai lembaga pendidikan utama, sehingga terjadilah praktik kekerasan dalam keluarga, baik terhadap istri maupun anak, yang tentunya sangat bertentangan prinsip-prinsip dasar dalam proses pendidikan. Hadirnya artikel ini, dimaksudkan untuk mengekslorasi peran penting keluarga, dalam proses pendidikan berdasarkan sudut pandang Al-Qur’an dan Hadis. Pengeksplorasian ini, dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan esensi mendasar dalam proses pendidikan keluarga, sehingga dapat memberikan sudut pandang baru dalam mempresepsikan keluarga, sebagai bagian penting dari proses pemanusian manusia (humanisasi).