bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural adaption of axons during de‐ and remyelination in the Cuprizone mouse model
Authors: Pfeiffer Friederike , Frommer‐Kaestle Gabriele , Fallier‐Becker Petra 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMultiple Sclerosis is an autoimmune disorder causing neurodegeneration mostly in young adults. Thereby, myelin is lost in the inflammatory lesions leaving unmyelinated axons at a high risk to degenerate. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells maintain their regenerative capacity into adulthood and are able to remyelinate axons if they are properly activated and differentiate. Neuronal activity influences the success of myelination indicating a close interplay between neurons and oligodendroglia. The myelination profile determines the distribution of voltage‐gated ion channels along the axon. Here, we analyze the distribution of the sodium channel subunit Nav1.6 and the ultrastructure of axons after cuprizone‐induced demyelination in transgenic mice expressing GFP in oligodendroglial cells. Using this mouse model, we found an increased number of GFP‐expressing oligodendroglial cells compared to untreated mice. Analyzing the axons, we found an increase in the number of nodes of Ranvier in mice that had received cuprizone. Furthermore, we found an enhanced portion of unmyelinated axons showing vesicles in the cytoplasm. These vesicles were labeled with VGlut1, indicating that they are involved in axonal signaling. Our results highlight the flexibility of axons towards changes in the glial compartment and depict the structural changes they undergo upon myelin removal. These findings might be considered if searching for new neuroprotective therapies that aim at blocking neuronal activity in order to avoid interfering with the process of remyelination.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2,3‐diphenyl‐cycloalkyl pyrazole derivatives as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors
Authors: Xia Lin‐Ying , Yang Rong , Zhang Ya‐Liang , Chu Yi‐Chun , Qi Ya‐Lin , Man Ruo‐Jun , Wang Zhong‐Chang , Wang Bao‐Zhong , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractSeveral novel cycloalkyl‐fused 2,3‐diaryl pyrazole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential anti‐tubulin agents. Compound A10 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer lines (IC50 = 0.78–2.42 μM) and low cytotoxicity against 293T & L02 (CC50 values of 131.74 and 174.89 μM, respectively). Moreover, A10 displayed inhibition of tubulin polymerization in vitro, arrested the G2/M phase of the cell cycle, changed morphology of tubulin, increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, and induced apoptosis of HeLa cells. Docking simulation and 3D‐QSAR models were performed to elaborate on the anti‐tubulin mechanism of the derivatives. The inhibition of monoclonal colony formation provided more intuitional data to verify the possibility of A10 as a novel tubulin assembling inhibitor.
An unexpected dynamic binding mode between coagulation factor X and Rivaroxaban reveals importance of flexibility in drug binding
Authors: Qu Si‐Ying , Xu Qin , Wu Wenman , Li Fang , Li Cheng‐Dong , Huang Ran , Ding Qiulan , Wei Dong‐Qing 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRivaroxaban (RIV) is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) targeting activated coagulation factor X (FXa). An earlier study reported the F174A mutant of FXa resistant to a RIV‐like inhibitor, Apixaban. In current study, the detailed molecular mechanism of the resistance has been explored by molecular dynamics simulations on the impaired interactions between RIV and FXa in the damaged S4 pocket of F174A mutant. Besides, an unexpected relative stable binding mode of S1′S1 was revealed, which required dynamic motions of Gln192 and Gln61 to allow the morpholinone moiety of RIV to shift into the S1′ pocket and form strong interactions. These dynamic motions of RIV and critical residues might be important in drug design for direct inhibitors of coagulation factors.
The Privileged Status of Knowing Mechanistic Information: An Early Epistemic Bias
Authors: Lockhart Kristi L. , Chuey Aaron , Kerr Sophie , Keil Frank C. 
Published: May 2019

Four studies with 180 5–7 year olds, 165 8–11 year olds and 199 adults show that young children appreciate the distinctive role played by mechanistic explanations in tracking causal patterns. Young children attributed greater knowledge to individuals offering mechanistic reasons for a claim than others who provide equally detailed nonmechanistic reasons. In Study 1, 5–7 year olds attributed greater knowledge to those offering mechanistic reasons. In Studies 2 and 3, all ages (5–7 and adults for Study 2; 5–7, 8–11 and adults for Study 3) assigned greater knowledge to those offering mechanistic reasons about causally central features than those offering nonmechanistic reasons. In Study 4, all ages (5–7, 8–11, adults) modulated the epistemic bias as a function of embedding goals.
Variable IgE cross‐reactivity between peanut 2S‐albumins: The case for measuring IgE to both Ara h 2 and Ara h 6
Authors: Hazebrouck Stéphane , Guillon Blanche , Paty Evelyne , Dreskin Stephen C. , Adel‐Patient Karine , Bernard Hervé 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackground2S‐albumins Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 are the most potent peanut allergens and levels of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) towards these proteins are good predictors of clinical reactivity. Because of structural homologies, Ara h 6 is generally considered to cross‐react extensively with Ara h 2.ObjectiveWe aimed to quantify the IgE cross‐reactivity between Ara h 2 and Ara h 6.MethodsPeanut 2S‐albumins were purified from raw peanuts. The IgE cross‐reactivity between Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 was evaluated with 32 sera from French and US peanut‐allergic patients by measuring the residual IgE‐binding to one 2S‐albumin after depletion of IgE antibodies recognizing the other 2S‐albumin. The IgE cross‐reactivity between Ara h 2 and Ara h 6 was further investigated by competitive inhibition of IgE‐binding and by a model of mast cell degranulation.ResultsA highly variable level of IgE cross‐reactivity was revealed among the patients. The mean fraction of cross‐reactive IgE antibodies represented only 17.1% of 2S‐albumins‐specific IgE antibodies and was lower than the mean fraction of IgE specific to Ara h 2 (57.4%) or to Ara h 6 (25.5%). The higher level of Ara h 2‐specific IgE was principally due to the IgE‐binding capacity of an insertion containing the repeated immunodominant linear epitope DPYSPOHS. The impact of IgE cross‐reactivity on diagnostic testing was illustrated with a serum displaying an Ara h 6‐specific IgE response of 26 UI/mL that was not associated with the capacity of Ara h 6 to trigger mast cell degranulation.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceImmunoglobulin E antibodies specific to peanut 2S‐albumins are mainly non–cross‐reactive, but low‐affinity cross‐reactivity can affect diagnostic accuracy. Testing IgE‐binding to a mixture of 2S‐albumins rather than to each separately may enhance diagnostic performance.
The effect of factors related to periodontal status toward peri‐implantitis
Authors: Arunyanak Sirikarn P. , Sophon Navawan , Tangsathian Teerawut , Supanimitkul Kakanang , Suwanwichit Tharntip , Kungsadalpipob Kajorn 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between periodontal status and peri‐implant diseases in patients with osseointegrated dental implants of different implant systems.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated 200 consecutive implant patients using clinical and radiographic examinations during periodontal maintenance visits. The demographic data and treatment history were obtained from history taking and chart record review. The association between periodontal status and peri‐implant diseases was analyzed using chi‐square and logistic regression analysis.ResultsPatients with a history of chronic periodontitis had a significantly higher prevalence of peri‐implantitis compared with those without a history of periodontal disease (25% vs. 10.9%). The highest prevalence of peri‐implantitis was observed in patients with a history of severe chronic periodontitis. Data analysis revealed that peri‐implant health status was significantly associated with past periodontal status, maintenance status, and present periodontal status. However, multivariate analysis indicated that only a history of chronic periodontitis was significantly associated with peri‐implantitis (adjusted OR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.14–5.70, p = 0.02).ConclusionsPatients with a history of chronic periodontitis, especially those with severe periodontal disease had a 2.5‐fold increased risk of peri‐implantitis.
Essay: Making the most of recent advances in freshwater mussel propagation and restoration
Authors: Strayer David L. , Geist Juergen , Haag Wendell R. , Jackson John K. , Newbold J. Denis 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPropagating and releasing freshwater mussels (Unionida) into the wild can contribute substantially to conservation and perhaps ecosystem restoration, but poorly conceived projects can waste money and public good will, and harm mussel populations and ecosystems. Moving from vague, emotional reactions about mussel restoration to more rigorous discussions and analyses can help focus efforts to where they do the most good. We suggest that: (i) projects to restore mussels for conservation goals to sites where known environmental problems have been eliminated or mitigated have good prospects for success; (ii) projects to restore mussels for conservation goals to sites where known environmental problems have not been eliminated or mitigated have poor prospects for success; (iii) projects to restore mussels for conservation goals to sites in the common situation in which the status of environmental problems is unknown have unknown prospects for success, but may be valuable as scientific experiments, if project performance is monitored properly; (iv) the value of population augmentation as a conservation tool is uncertain, and needs better theoretical and empirical analysis; (v) assisted migration of mussels as a conservation tool is controversial, and should be discussed thoroughly before we reach crises in which it is rejected or carried out carelessly; (vi) projects to restore ecosystem services face more stringent criteria for success than conservation projects, and some such projects being discussed seem unlikely to succeed. Monitoring data on how restoration projects perform typically are inadequately collected, reported, disseminated, and used to improve practice. This could be improved by setting up a clearinghouse to collect, hold, and disseminate data; providing training to restorationists; and opening conversations between restorationists and data managers and statisticians.
The meaning and legacy of the Reformation in a global perspective
Authors: Grosshans Hans‐Peter , Nüssel Friederike 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWhen reviewing the non‐European perspectives of Lutheran theology presented in the contributions of this issue of Dialog, it is easy to recognize a dominant, unifying theme and a common task in a confrontation with the new Pentecostal churches. It then makes sense to refer to the two central themes and tasks of Lutheran theology mentioned in this volume: the development of a Lutheran pneumatology in contrast to the Pentecostal/charismatic movements; and an interpretation of the Lutheran doctrine of justification that concentrates on how the pure grace and love of God can be witnessed in good works. As a future focal point of Lutheran theology, the contributions from non‐European Lutheran Christianity presented here show that the connection between the theology of the cross as a central element of the grammar of Lutheran Christianity and the dialectics of law and gospel for the interpretation of the salutary efficacy and experienceable nature of the Spirit requires further reflection.
Is there a world Lutheranism? Accountability and representation in ecumenical dialogue
Authors: Appold Kenneth G. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe following thoughts were occasioned by my experiences representing the Lutheran World Federation (LWF) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) in a variety of international ecumenical dialogues over the past thirteen years. I reflect on some of the fundamental challenges faced by many Lutherans as we seek to represent, as conscientiously as possible, the global communion of which we are members. The question we face is a very simple one: Whom do we represent?
Polypharmacy and gait speed in individuals with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Umegaki Hiroyuki , Yanagawa Madoka , Komiya Hitoshi , Matsubara Masaki , Fujisawa Chisato , Suzuki Yusuke , Kuzuya Masafumi 
Published: May 2019

AimPolypharmacy has been reported to be associated with poor outcomes, including falls and frailty, in older populations. Past studies have found that slower walking speed is a good predictor of progression to frank dementia in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Some studies of the general population reported that polypharmacy was associated with slower gait speed; however, it remains to be elucidated whether polypharmacy affects gait speed even in individuals with MCI, who already have some deterioration in gait compared with cognitively preserved individuals. The current study explored the association between the number of medications and gait speed in older adults with MCI who have a Clinical Dementia Rating score of 0.5.MethodsA total of 128 individuals with MCI were included in the present study. The participants were divided into three groups according to the number of medications they were taking: up to four medications was non‐polypharmacy; five to nine medications was polypharmacy; and ≥10 medications was hyperpolypharmacy. The background characteristics were compared by analysis of variance for numerical numbers, and by χ2 analysis for categorical factors. Multiple regression and logistic analysis were applied to investigate the association between gait speed and polypharmacy status or number of medications.ResultsGait speed was significantly negatively associated with hyperpolypharmacy status and the number of medications. Slow gait speed (<1 m/s) was also significantly associated with polypharmacy status and the number of medications.ConclusionsWe found that polypharmacy was associated with slow gait speed in older adults with MCI. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 730–735.
Satisfaction with life of oncology nurses in Poland
Authors: Piotrkowska R. , Jarzynkowski P. , Książek J. , Mędrzycka‐Dąbrowska W. 
Published: May 2019

AimThe purpose of this project was to analyse the level of satisfaction with life amongst Polish oncology nurses compared to their system of values.BackgroundThere are a large number of scholarly reports on job satisfaction and occupational burnout among oncologic nurses, and hardly any impact on their level of life satisfaction.IntroductionSatisfaction with life, positive feelings and lack of negative feelings are the three important elements of subjective well‐being.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey study design was used. One hundred and forty registered nurses working at oncology centres in Poland were surveyed during the 21st Annual Polish Oncology Nursing Conference. The study used a diagnostic survey method utilizing the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the List of Personal Values and an original survey questionnaire for collecting socio‐demographic data.ResultsThere was significant relationship between the level of satisfaction with life in oncology nurses and their age, work seniority, the working system and family life.DiscussionSatisfaction with life and work is interconnected, and oncology nursing is characterized by significant physical and mental strain. The level of satisfaction depends on many variables, such as preferred system of values, work organization, age and work seniority.ConclusionsAge and years of work experience affect oncology nurses’ satisfaction with life. Working on a shift system and having a second job lower their satisfaction with life. Nurses who identify happiness symbols in the category of happy family life present a higher level of satisfaction with life.Implications for nursing policy and practiceThe low level of satisfaction with life among Polish oncology nurses is an important factor in the contemporary threats in nursing, and commitment to the improvement of the quality of life in this professional group should become a priority of shaping the image of the profession.
Water vapor corrosion test using supersonic gas velocities
Authors: Gatzen Caren , Mack Daniel E. , Guillon Olivier , Vaßen Robert 
Published: May 2019

AbstractTesting of the corrosion resistance of environmental barrier coating (EBC) systems is necessary for developing reliable coatings. Unfortunately tests under realistic gas turbine conditions are difficult and expensive. The materials under investigation as well as parts of the test setup have to withstand high temperatures (≥1200°C), high pressure (up to 30 bar) as well as the corrosive atmosphere (H2O, O2, NOx). Therefore most lab scale test‐rigs focus on simplified test conditions. In this work water vapor corrosion testing of EBCs with a high velocity oxy fuel (HVOF) facility is introduced which combines high temperatures and high gas velocities. It leads to quite high recession rates in short periods of time, which are comparable to results from literature. It was found that high flow velocities can easily compensate low gas pressures. HVOF‐testing is a simple and fast way to measure the recession rate of an EBC‐system. As proof of concept the recession rates of an oxide/oxide CMC with and without EBC were measured.
Investigation on the discharge energy storage density of the Rb substituted Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 relaxor ferroelectric and its suitability for the orthopedic application
Authors: Banerjee Krishnarjun , Alvi Syed Baseeruddin , Rengan Aravind Kumar , Asthana Saket 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe higher hardness along with the excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the ferroelectric material is always required for its direct application. In spite of that, in comparison to the ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, the study of the hardness property of the ferroelectric materials is almost deprived. Herein, we had showed the improvement in the hardness and relaxor property of the Rb substituted Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 (NBT) with the variation of the grain size. The emergence of the polar nano region, which is responsible for the relaxor behavior, was verified with the addition of Rb (or with the reduction of the grain size). This interesting behavior was explained through the temperature dependent “order parameter” of all compositions. The reduced coercive field helped to enhance the discharge energy storage density up to 0.71 J/cm3 for the 4 mole % Rb substituted NBT. The same composition had the hardness of 11.75 GPa, which showed its excellent resistance to the abrasion. These outcomes showed the possibility of the current material to replace the lead based piezoceramics. Moreover, to utilize this material as an orthopedic implant, its biocompatibility was assessed in vitro. As an advantage, by using the current lead free piezoelectric material as an implant, the failure of the implant can be evaluated noninvasively.
Poor management of hypertension is an important precipitating factor for the development of acute aortic dissection
Authors: Dong Ning , Piao Hulin , Li Bo , Xu Jian , Wei Shibo , Liu Kexiang 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHypertension is considered a key risk factor for acute aortic dissection (AAD). However, there is limited evidence demonstrating if hypertension management affects AAD development. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of hypertension management in AAD development in a Chinese population. A total of 825 AAD patients and 3300 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were included. The authors analyzed data on demographics, chronic comorbidities, and hypertension management of all participants. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the relationship between chronic comorbidities, as well as the management of hypertension and AAD risk. After adjusting for other related factors, multivariate logistic regression identified hypertension, chronic kidney disease, Marfan syndrome, history of cardiovascular surgery, and history of smoking as risk factors for AAD. Among the identified risk factors, hypertension was an important and controllable risk factor for AAD development. Thus, the authors further evaluated how hypertension management affects AAD development. A total of 848 controls and 585 AAD patients with hypertension were enrolled in this part of the study. Hypertensive patients with AAD had a longer history, higher stage, poorer medication compliance, and poor control rates of blood pressure, among which poor medication compliance (Irregular vs Regular P < 0.001; Never treated vs Regular P < 0.001) and uncontrolled hypertension (P < 0.001) significantly increased the risk of AAD development. In conclusion, uncontrolled hypertension and poor medication compliance are important precipitating and controllable factors for AAD development.
Anxiety in the family: a genetically informed analysis of transactional associations between mother, father and child anxiety symptoms
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Yasmin I. , Eley Thalia C. , Leve Leslie D. , Shaw Daniel S. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Reiss David , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , McAdams Tom A. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundAnxiety in parents is associated with anxiety in offspring, although little is known about the mechanisms underpinning these intergenerational associations. We conducted the first genetically sensitive study to simultaneously examine the effects of mother, father and child anxiety symptoms on each other over time.MethodAdoptive parent and child symptoms were measured at child ages 6, 7 and 8 years from 305 families involved in the Early Growth and Development Study, using a prospective adoption design. Children were adopted at birth to nonrelatives, and composite data on internalising problems within birth families were used as a proxy measure of offspring inherited risk for anxiety. Structural equation models were fitted to the data to examine prospective associations between adoptive mother, father and child symptoms, whilst accounting for individuals’ symptom stability over time.ResultsChild anxiety symptoms at age 7 predicted adoptive mothers’ anxiety symptoms at age 8. No mother‐to‐child or child‐to‐father effects were observed. These results were consistent in sensitivity analyses using only paternal offspring reports and using a second measure of child anxiety symptoms. Fathers’ anxiety symptoms at child age 6 prospectively predicted child symptoms, but only when paternal offspring reports were included in the model. Composite data on birth family internalising problems were not associated with child anxiety symptoms.ConclusionsResults show environmentally mediated associations between parent and child anxiety symptoms. Results support developmental theories suggesting that child anxiety symptoms can exert influence on caregivers, and mothers and fathers may play unique roles during the development of child symptoms. Further research is needed on the role of genetic transmission associated with anxiety symptoms in biologically related families. In the meantime, researchers and clinicians should strive to include fathers in assessments and consider the effects of child symptoms on caregivers.