bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dams in South America
Authors: Carvalho-Resende Tales 
Published: July 2018

This map provides detailed information about dams (e.g. uses, capacity, ...) in South America.
For more information, visit FAO AQUASTAT Dams Geo-referenced database: www.fao.org/nr/water/aquastat/dams/index.stm

Ecohydrology
Storage
Use/Reuse
Economical exposition to flood events
Authors: Seewsagur Lakshmi 
Published: July 2018

This layer presents an estimation of the annual economical exposition to flood. Unit is expected average annual GDP (2010 as the year of reference) exposed (in US $, year 2000 equivalent).
For more information, visit the Global Risk Data Platform: http://preview.grid.unep.ch

Cost
Disaster
Exposure
Flood
Risk
Tropical cyclones surges events (1975-2007)
Authors: Seewsagur Lakshmi 
Published: July 2018

This layer provides a compilation of estimated storm surges triggered by tropical cyclones of Saffir-Simpson category (Don't forget to zoom on the coasts!).
The Saffir–Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale classifies hurricanes into five categories distinguished by the intensities of their sustained winds. To be classified as a hurricane, a tropical cyclone must have maximum sustained winds of at least 74 mph (Category 1), to winds exceeding 156 mph (Category 5).
For more information, visit the Global Risk Data Platform: http://preview.grid.unep.ch

Disaster
Exposure
Flood
Risk
Parties to the 1992 and 1997 Conventions on transboundary watercourses
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

The 1992 UNECE Convention aims to protect and ensure the quantity, quality and sustainable use of transboundary water resources by facilitating cooperation, and provides an intergovernmental platform for the day-to-day development and advancement of transboundary cooperation. Negotiated as a regional instrument, it turned into a universally available legal framework for transboundary water cooperation, following the entry into force of amendments in February 2013, opening it to all UN Member States. As of 1st March 2016, countries outside the ECE region can accede to the Convention.
The 1997 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Non-Navigational Uses of International Watercourses is the only treaty governing shared freshwater resources that is of universal applicability. It is a framework convention, in the sense that it provides a framework of principles and rules that may be applied and adjusted to suit the characteristics of particular international watercourses.

Groundwater
Law
Surface water
Transboundary
Rivers and streams in the Dinaric Alps region
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows rivers and streams in the Dinaric Alps region. Data were collected in the framework of the DIKTAS project.
For more information, visit the DIKTAS project website: http://diktas.iwlearn.org/resources/projectdocuments/transboundart-diagniostics-analysis/transboundary-diagnostic-analysis-tda/view

Karst
Surface water
Transboundary
Flooding in Ayutthaya, Thailand (October 2011)
Authors: Carvalho-Resende Tales 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows NASA's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite images of Ayutthaya (Thailand) flood on October 23, 2011. Flooding forced the closure of manufacturing plants in Ayutthaya, according to news reports.
The city is a UNESCO World Heritage site. On 12 October 2011, UNESCO Bangkok announced a planned assessment of flood damage to Ayutthaya, requested by the government of Thailand.
For more information, visit NASA's Earth Observatory page: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=76234

Disaster
Flood
2017 UN World Water Development Report national and regional events
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows events where the United Nations World Water Development Report 2017, entitled "Wastewater, The Untapped Resource" will be featured and discussed for its launch on 22 March 2017.
The development of the WWDR, coordinated by UNESCO's World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP), is a joint effort of the UN agencies and entities which make up UN-Water, working in partnership with governments, international organizations, non-governmental organizations and other stakeholders.
For more information, visit UNESCO-WWAP page: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/

Waste
Number of Ramsar sites per countries
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

Ramsar sites are wetlands recognized for their international importance, according to the eponymous Convention (signed in 1971, entered into force in 1975). The Convention's mission is "the conservation and wise use of all wetlands through local and national actions and international cooperation, as a contribution towards achieving sustainable development throughout the world".
As of March 2017, there are over 2200 Ramsar sites around the world, covering over 2.1 million km².
For more information about wetlands of international importance, visit the convention's website: http://www.ramsar.org/about/the-importance-of-wetlands

Biodiversity
Law
Demosites Database Ecohydrology2
Authors: Seewsagur Lakshmi 
Published: July 2018

This layer presents ecohydrology engineering solutions that are used in 20 demonstration sites worldwide, which apply ecohydrology as a way of dealing with environmental challenges through engineering solutions. Since 2011, UNESCO-IHP promotes the establishment of various demosites around the world to apply ecohydrology principles and solutions in watersheds at all scales, to solve both social and environmental issues.
The full data are available online. For more information, visit the Ecohydrology Web Platform: http://ecohydrology-ihp.org/demosites/

Ecohydrology
Urban water management challenges versus intitutional and economic capacities in African cities (2012)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows limits pose by challenges and capacities to African cities. Although the main challenges in terms of magnitude exist in the larger cities, these are also relatively better-placed in terms of institutional and economic capacity to address the problems through economies of scale. Most smaller cities lack this advantage and clearly need to focus on capacity-building as a necessary step towards improving their water and wastewater management systems.
For more information, acces the 2017 UN World Water Development Report: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/

Capacity-Building
Human settlements
Waste
Percentage of industrial wastewater discharged after treatment (2010)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer shows industrial wastewater that is discharged after treatment, as a percentage of total industrial discharged in some countries of the Europe and North America region in 2010. On average, only 48.4% of wastewater was treated before being discharged.
For more information, access the 2017 UN World Water Development Report: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2017-wastewater-the-untapped-resource/

Pollution
Quality
Use/Reuse
Waste
Wastewater discharge points adversely affecting the environment (2011-2012)
Authors: Meyer Chloé 
Published: July 2018

This layer presents wastewater discharge points where comprehensive studies indicate whether or not the discharge adversely affects the environment. In 2012, 6.1% of discharge points had been studied, out of which 1.3% were affecting the environment. Such information was provided by Member States to the Commission.
Those data were collected from the reporting of European Union Member States, as part of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD) implementation. The Directive concerns the collection, treatment and discharge of urban waste water and the treatment and discharge of waste water from certain industrial sectors. Its objective is to protect the environment from the adverse effects of the above mentioned waste water discharges.
For more information, visit the UWWTD waterbase website: www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/waterbase-uwwtd-urban-waste-water-treatment-directive-4#tab-european-data

Biodiversity
Pollution
Quality
Risk
Waste
Percentage of the population connected to a wastewater treatment plan (2008-2012)
Authors: Archambault Gabin 
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of the population who is connected to a wastewater treatment plan for 36 countries (29 in Europe and North America, 3 in Asia and the Pacific, 3 in Latin America and the Caribbean, and 1 in Africa). However, data are available from 1975 to 2014 for 37 countries.
This indicator presents sewage treatment connection rates, i.e. the percentage of the population connected to a wastewater treatment plant. “Connected” means actually connected to a wastewater treatment plant through a public sewage network. It does not take into account independent private facilities, used where public systems are not economic.
For more information, visit the OECD database: https://data.oecd.org/water/waste-water-treatment.htm

Waste
Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to the lack of access to handwashing facility in 2015 for 5 to 14 year-old females
Authors: Guefradj Najet 
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to the lack of access to handwashing facility for in 2015, for 5 to 14 year-old females.
One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life. The sum of DALYs across a population help to quantify the burden of disease, and to evaluate the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation.
Estimates and additional related resources can be found in the Global Burden of Study here: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2015 For more information, visit the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website: http://www.healthdata.org/gbd

Gender
Health
Youth
Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and handwashing in 2015 for 15-49 year-old females
Authors: Guefradj Najet 
Published: July 2018

This layer represents the percentage of total Disability-Adjusted Life Year attributable to unsafe water, sanitation and handwashing for 15-49 year-old females in 2015.
One DALY can be thought of as one lost year of "healthy" life. The sum of DALYs across a population help to quantify the burden of disease, and to evaluate the gap between current health status and an ideal health situation.
Estimates and additional related resources can be found in the Global Burden of Study here: http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-2015 For more information, visit the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation website: http://www.healthdata.org/gbd

Gender
Health
Youth
METHODS OF STRUCTURAL AND PARAMETRIC SYNTHESIS OF COMBINED GENERATOR OF RECIPROCATING POWER PLANTS FOR ROBOTIC SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF A FREE PISTON ENGINE
Authors: Menzhinsky A. B. , Malashin A. N. 
Published: July 2018

Power supply system of advanced robotic systems requires the development of electromechanical energy converters with high energy and minimum weight and overall dimensions. In this regard, a free piston engine with an electric generator is considered as a promising plant.Interest in the study of power plants based on free piston engines is caused by several advantages compared to conventional internal combustion engines with a crank mechanism: relative simplicity of the design, 40 % fewer elements, which reduces the overall capacity, specific gravity and metal content of the free piston engine in 2.5–3 times. In addition, the fuel consumption is 30 % lower. Also an important design advantage of power plants based on free piston engines is a relatively simple modular construction. Reciprocating electric generators with transverse increment of the magnetic flux are the most commonly used ones in currently developed power plants based on free piston engines of foreign countries (USA, Russia, Germany, China, UK, Japan, Sweden, Israel, etc.) as the electrical AC machines. The main disadvantage of this type of generators are the absence of coordination of electrical and mechanical subsystems of the power plant at the extreme points of the operating cycle, which limits the efficiency of the free piston engine and reduces the reliability of the power plant.To solve this problem it is proposed to use Electromechanical energy Converter with transverse and longitudinal increment of the magnetic flux (combo generator). However, currently there is no scientifically valid method of synthesis of this type of generator. To address this problem we have developed the methodology of structural and parametric synthesis of combined generator of the reciprocating type for a plant on the basis of free piston engine, which is based on the use of the specific gravity of the combined generator as the objective function. It allows synthesizing electric machine of the reciprocating type with the specified efficiency and minimum specific mass.
Sosyal Medya Kaynaklı Krizlerin 'İmaj Restorasyon Teorisi' Açısından Örnek Olaylar Üzerinden İncelenmesi
Authors: Duğan Özlem 
Published: July 2018

Sosyal medya kaynaklı krizler hedef
kitlelere kısa sürede yayılması açısından dezavantaj oluşturmaktadır. Kısa
sürede hedef kitleye açıklama yapılması zor aynı zamanda süre gerektiren bir
durumdur. Krize tepki stratejilerinin bu süreçte iyi seçilmesi, kriz ile ilgili
açıklamaların zamanında yapılması, sosyal medyada kriz ile ilgili öneri,
şikayet ve yorumların iyi analiz edilmesi gerekir. Sosyal medya kaynaklı krizlerin önceden
öngörülmesi, kriz senaryolarının belirlenmesi, kriz planının hazırlanması, kriz
ekibinin oluşturulması zaman kaybetmeden yapılması gereken halkla ilişkiler
çalışmalarıdır. Krizi önceden sezinleyerek proaktif bir yaklaşım sergileyen
halkla ilişkiler birimlerinin başarılı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda sosyal
medyayı iyi yöneten kurumların krizi daha kolay atlattıkları görülmektedir. Bu
çalışmada sosyal medyada meydana gelen başka bir ifadeyle sosyal medya kaynaklı
krizler imaj restorasyon teorisi çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Dünyanın çeşitli
ülkelerinde ve Türkiye'de sosyal medyada paylaşılan mesajların içerikleri
incelenmiş ve sosyal medyada paylaşılan mesajlar nedeniyle meydana gelen 19
kriz belirlenmiştir. Sosyal medya kaynaklı krizlerin seçilme nedeni, günümüzde
kurumların artık sosyal medyada paylaşılan içerikler nedeniylede kriz ile karşı karşıya kalmalarıdır. Çalışma
sonucunda kurumların çoğunlukla özür dileme stratejisini kullanarak tepkiyi
azaltmaya çalıştıkları, krize neden olan kişiyi kurumdan uzaklaştırmak amacıyla
ilgi kesme stratejisini kullandıkları ve krize neden olan mesajı sosyal medya
hesabından silme stratejisini tercih ederek krizin etkisini azaltmaya
çalıştıkları belirlenmiştir.
Atherogenic Index of Plasma in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Khakurel Gita , Kayastha Rajat , Chalise Sanat , Karki Prabin K 
Published: July 2018

Background: Hyperlipidemia is one of the important risk factor for development of cardiovascular disease in post menopausal women.Our study compared the serum lipid profile and atherogenic index of plasma between premenopausal and post menopausal women.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted in Kathmandu Medical College. A total number of 194 women in the age group 30 to 60 years were studied. They include 108 postmenopausal women and 86 premenopausal controls. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were determined. Results: The mean value of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly increased in postmenopausal women when compared to premenopausal women. There was increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in postmenopausal women but the difference was not significant. The atherogenic index of plasma was increased in postmenopausal women (0.22 ± 0.25 mmol/l). This shows that postmenopausal women in our setting are at medium risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Atherogenic index of plasma was positively and significantly correlated with age (r= 0.29, p<0.05), body mass index (r=0.24, p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (r=0.20, p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.45, p<0.05).Conclusions: Postmenopausal women were at greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease when compared to premenopausal women due to increase in atherogenic lipid profile. There was a significant correlation of atherogenic index of plasma with age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
Central Pontine Demyelination: A Case Report
Authors: Maharjan Manju , Shrestha Pranaya , Chandra Avinash , Maharjan Jemesh S , Pant Basant 
Published: July 2018

Central Pontine Demyelination is a neurological disease caused by rapidly fl uctuating serum osmolality resulting in severe damage of the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the brainstem, more precisely in the area of pons. This condition is associated with electrolyte disorders, especially severe hyponatremia and its rapid correction. Its clinical course is characterized by alterations in the mental status to debilitating neurological status i.e. coma. Chronic hyponatremia and its correction, with or without evaluating safe limit could result in pontine demyelination. Demyelination might also occur with normal sodium levels, and even if serum sodium levels are corrected within safe limits. The objective of this case report is to give a broad perspective on Central Pontine Demyelination and to discuss about the different factors contributing to the demyelination and the various causes, pathophysiology and the management of this condition. Nepal Journal of Neuroscience. Vol. 13, No. 2, 2016, Page: 99-101
LEVANTAMENTO ARQUEOLÓGICO NA RDS AMANÃ
Authors: Costa Bernardo Lacale Silva da 
Published: July 2018

This work presents some preliminary results of the
archaeological survey carried out in july 2006 and april 2008
at the Amanã Sustainable Development Reserve, in the state
of Amazonas, Brazil. The identification of an archaeological
scenario formed by twenty nine sites (composed of
potsherds, urns, Amazonian Dark Earths – ADES, and lithic
material) and four occurrences provided enough material to
place findings within main methodological and theoretical
trends of Amazonian archaeology. The results are also
important to develop the next steps of the research having in
mind the importance of building up community management
of the archaeological heritage of the reserve.
PADRÕES DE REGENERAÇÃO EM CLAREIRAS DE ORIGEM ANTRÓPICA NA VÁRZEA DA RDS MAMIRAUÁ, AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL.
Authors: Andrade Teresinha Maria de , Assis Rafael Lenadro de , Wittmann Florian , Schöngart Jochen , Piedade Maria Teresa Fernandez 
Published: July 2018

Despite the existence of a large number of studies on forest
gaps in tropical regions, none of them deals with the
regeneration patterns resulting from human action in
Amazonian floodplain forests. The present study investigated
the structure and species composition of trees regenerating in
gaps originating from different types of land-use: selective
logging and agricultural activity. Two gaps of selective logging
(CE) and two gaps of agriculture (CA), both at the Jarauá
Sector - RDSM, Central Amazonia, Brazil were selected. Two
control areas were established below a nearby continuous
canopy (SD). In each gap a circular plot with r=5 m was
established. All trees above 1 m of high and < 10 cm of DBH
diameter at breast height) were inventoried. A total of 382
individuals were sampled and species were classified
according to the Importance Value Index (IVI). Highest value
of abundance was found at the CE (174 individuals), followed
by CA (114 individuals) and SD (94 individuals). Species
richness at the three sites was 43, 25 and 36 species,
respectively. Basal area was higher at the CA plots (1,733
m2), followed by SD (0,683 m2), and CE (0,348 m2).
Comparing to gaps originating from agricultural activity, gaps
originating from selective logging and these below the
continuous canopy had higher floristic similarity as well as a
higher diversity of regenerating species.
An Imaging Algorithm for a Lunar Orbit Interferometer Array
Authors: Huang Qizhi , Sun Shijie , Zuo Shifan , Wu Fengquan , Xu Yidong , Yue Bin , Ansari Reza , Chen Xuelei 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
Radio astronomical observations below 30 MHz are hampered by the refraction and absorption of the ionosphere as well as the radio frequency interference (RFI), and thus, high angular resolution sky intensity map is not yet available. An interferometer array on lunar orbit provides a perfect observatory in this frequency band: it is out of the ionosphere, and the Moon helps to block the RFIs from the Earth. The satellites can make observations on the far side of the Moon and then send back the data on the near-side part of the orbit. However, for such arrays, the traditional imaging algorithm is not applicable: the field of view is very wide (almost whole-sky), and for baselines distributed on a plane, there is a mirror symmetry between the two sides of the plane. A further complication is that for each baseline, the Moon blocks part of the sky, but as the satellites orbit the Moon, both the direction of the baseline and the blocked sky change, so even imaging algorithms that can deal with a noncoplanar baseline may not work in this case. Here, we present an imaging algorithm based on solving the linear mapping equations relating the sky intensity to the visibilities. We show that the mirror symmetry can be broken by the three-dimensional baseline distribution generated naturally by the precession of the orbital plane of the satellites. The algorithm is applicable and good maps can be reconstructed, even though the sky blocking by the Moon is different for each baseline. We also investigate how the map-making is affected by inhomogeneous baseline distributions.
Testing the Weak Equivalence Principle Using Optical and Near-infrared Crab Pulses
Authors: Leung Calvin , Hu Beili , Harris Sophia , Brown Amy , Gallicchio Jason , Nguyen Hien 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
The Weak Equivalence Principle states that the geodesics of a test particle in a gravitational field are independent of the particle’s constitution. To constrain violations of the Weak Equivalence Principle, we use the one-meter telescope at Table Mountain Observatory near Los Angeles to monitor the relative arrival times of pulses from the Crab Pulsar in the optical (λ ≈ 585 nm) and near-infrared (λ ≈ 814 nm) using an instrument that detects single photons with nanosecond-timing resolution in those two bands. The infrared pulse arrives slightly before the visible pulse. Our three analysis methods give delays with statistical errors of Δt
obs = 7.41 ± 0.58, 0.4 ± 3.6, and 7.35 ± 4.48 microseconds (at most 1/4000 of the pulsar period). We attribute this discrepancy to systematic error from the fact that the visible and infrared pulses have slightly different shapes. Whether this delay emerges from the pulsar, is caused by passing through wavelength-dependent media, or is caused by a violation of the equivalence principle, unless there is a fine-tuned cancellation among these, we set the first upper limit on the differential post-Newtonian parameter at these wavelengths of Δγ < 1.07 × 10−10 (3σ). This result falls in an unexplored region of parameter space and complements existing limits on equivalence-principle violation from fast radio bursts, gamma-ray bursts, as well as previous limits from the Crab.