bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
India and the International Order: Accommodation and Adjustment
Authors: Ollapally Deepa M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIndia is gradually changing its course from decades of inward-looking economics and strong anti-Western foreign policies. It has become more pragmatic, seeing important economic benefits from globalization, and some political benefits of working with the United States to achieve New Delhi's great-power aspirations. Despite these changes, I argue that India's deep-seated anti-colonial nationalism and commitment to strategic autonomy continues to form the core of Indian identity. This makes India's commitment to Western-dominated multilateral institutions and Western norms, such as humanitarian intervention, partial and instrumental. Thus, while Indian foreign-policy discourse shows little sign of seeking to fully challenge the U.S.-led international order beyond largely reformist measures of building parallel institutions such as the New Development Bank, India will continue to strongly resist Western actions that weaken sovereignty norms.
The TGAS HR diagram of S-type stars
Authors: Shetye Shreeya , Van Eck Sophie , Jorissen Alain , Van Winckel Hans , Siess Lionel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractS-type stars are late-type giants enhanced with s-process elements originating either from nucleosynthesis during the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) or from a pollution by a binary companion. The former are called intrinsic S stars, and the latter extrinsic S stars. The atmospheric parameters of S stars are more numerous than those of M-type giants (C/O ratio and s-process abundances affect the thermal structure and spectral synthesis), and hence they are more difficult to derive. Nevertheless, high-resolution spectroscopic data of S stars combined with the TGAS (Tycho-Gaia Astrometric solution) parallaxes were used to derive effective temperatures, surface gravities, and luminosities. These parameters allow to locate the intrinsic and extrinsic S stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Astrometric surveys in the Gaia era
Authors: Zacharias Norbert 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Gaia first data release (DR1) already provides an almost error free optical reference frame on the milli-arcsecond (mas) level allowing significantly better calibration of ground-based astrometric data than ever before. Gaia DR1 provides positions, proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes for just over 2 million stars in the Tycho-2 catalog. For over 1.1 billion additional stars DR1 gives positions. Proper motions for these, mainly fainter stars (G ≥ 11.5) are currently provided by several new projects which combine earlier epoch ground-based observations with Gaia DR1 positions. These data are very helpful in the interim period but will become obsolete with the second Gaia data release (DR2) expected in April 2018. The era of traditional, ground-based, wide-field astrometry with the goal to provide accurate reference stars has come to an end. Future ground-based astrometry will fill in some gaps (very bright stars, observations needed at many or specific epochs) and mainly will go fainter than the Gaia limit, like the PanSTARRS and the upcoming LSST surveys.
Kinematics of our Galaxy from the PMA and TGAS catalogues
Authors: Velichko Anna B. , Akhmetov Volodymyr S. , Fedorov Peter N. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe derive and compare kinematic parameters of the Galaxy using the PMA andGaiaTGAS data. Two methods are used in calculations: evaluation of the Ogorodnikov-Milne model (OMM) parameters by the least square method (LSM) and a decomposition on a set of vector spherical harmonics (VSH). We trace dependencies on the distance of the derived parameters including the Oort constants A and B and the rotational velocity of the GalaxyVrotat the Solar distance for the common sample of stars of mixed spectral composition of the PMA and TGAS catalogues. The distances were obtained from the TGAS parallaxes or from reduced proper motions for fainter stars.The A, B andVrotparameters derived from proper motions of both catalogues used show identical behaviour but the values are systematically shifted by about 0.5 mas/yr.The Oort B parameter derived from the PMA sample of red giants shows gradual decrease with increasing the distance while the Oort A has a minimum at about 2 kpc and then gradually increases.As for models chosen for calculations, first, we confirm conclusions of other authors about the existence of extra-model harmonics in the stellar velocity field. Secondly, not all parameters of the OMM are statistically significant, and the set of parameters depends on the stellar sample used.
Proper motions of stars in the globular clusters using WFI@2.2 m telescope
Authors: Sariya Devesh P. , Jiang Ing-Guey , Yadav R. K. S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe present results of our studies for a sample of Galactic globular star clusters with the aim of deriving relative proper motions. We used CCD archival data observed with Wide Field Imager (WFI) mounted on ESO 2.2 m telescope at La Silla, Chile. Astrometric software designed by Anderson et al. is used to derive relative proper motions. The vector point diagrams show clear separation of field stars from the cluster stars. We used proper motions to determine membership probabilities and to produce color-magnitude diagrams with most probable cluster member stars. Our membership catalogue can be used to study the membership status of the peculiar stars including various variables reported in the literature.
Long term near infrared observation of very bright stars at Kagoshima University
Authors: Naagaya Takairo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe are monitoring nearby long period variable stars (LPVs) in the near infrared K band to establish their precise Period-Luminosity relation. However, they are very bright in the near-infrared and it is difficult to observe them because they are easily saturated on the modern near-infrared camera. We developed a special ND filter, named Local Attenuation Filter (LAF), to observe very bright stars. Using LAF, we can observe not only the very bright targets without saturation but also reference stars in the same image. We can perform the accurate relative photometry for the bright stars. We present this new method to observe bright stars as well as the status of our monitoring of nearby LPVs.
Spectroscopic and Photometric Survey of Northern Sky for the ESA PLATO space mission
Authors: Ženovienė Renata , Bagdonas Vilius , Drazdauskas Arnas , Janulis Rimvydas , Klebonas Lukas , Mikolaitis Šarūnas , Pakštienė Erika , Tautvaišienė Gražina 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe ESA-PLATO 2.0 mission will perform an in-depth analysis of the large part of the sky-sphere searching for extraterrestrial telluric-like planets. At the Molėtai Astronomical Observatory of Vilnius University, we started a spectroscopic and photometric survey of the northern sky fields that potentially will be targeted by the PLATO mission. We aim to contribute in developing the PLATO input catalogue by delivering a long-duration stellar variability information and a full spectroscopic characterization of brightest targets. First results of this survey are overviewed.
Gaia Photometric Data: DR1 results and DR2 expectations
Authors: Evans Dafydd Wyn , Riello Marco , De Angeli Francesca , Busso Giorgia , van Leeuwen Floor , Eyer Laurent , Jordi Carme , Fabricius Claus , Carrasco Josep Manel , Weiler Michael , Montegriffo Paolo , Cacciari Carla , Pancino Elena 
Published: March 2018

AbstractGaia DR1 was released in September 2016 and contained a photometric catalogue of over 1 billion sources. At this stage, this only included mean G-band photometry and an estimate of the error. Even though this may sound limited in nature, interesting science can still be achieved with this data thanks to its quality. A high level overview of the photometric processing and some validation results will be presented. Additionally, epoch photometry in the G-band was released in Gaia DR1 for a small number of variable sources in the South Ecliptic Pole which covers the LMC. The second data release (Gaia DR2) is currently being prepared and, if available, some preliminary validation results will be presented. It is planned that this release will contain colour information in the form of integrated BP and RP photometry in addition to the latest G-band photometry.
Characterisation of exoplanet host stars: A window into planet formation
Authors: Santos Nuno C. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe detection of thousands of planets orbiting stars other than the Sun has shown that planets are common throughout the Galaxy. However, the diversity of systems found has also raised many questions regarding the process of planet formation and evolution. Interestingly, but perhaps not unexpectedly, crucial information to constraint the planet formation models comes from the analysis of the planet-host stars. In this talk I will review why it is so important to study and understand the stars when finding and characterising exoplanets. I will then present some of the most relevant star-planet relations found to date, and how they are helping us to understand planet formation and evolution. I will end with a presentation of the future steps in this field, including what Gaia will bring to help constrain the properties of planet-host stars, as well as to the star-planet connection.
A multi-omic analysis reveals the role of fumarate in regulating the virulence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
Authors: Kuo Cheng-Ju , Wang Sin-Tian , Lin Chia-Mei , Chiu Hao-Chieh , Huang Cheng-Rung , Lee Der-Yen , Chang Geen-Dong , Chou Ting-Chen , Chen Jenn-Wei , Chen Chang-Shi 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe enteric pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is responsible for outbreaks of bloody diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) worldwide. Several molecular mechanisms have been described for the pathogenicity of EHEC; however, the role of bacterial metabolism in the virulence of EHEC during infection in vivo remains unclear. Here we show that aerobic metabolism plays an important role in the regulation of EHEC virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans. Our functional genomic analyses showed that disruption of the genes encoding the succinate dehydrogenase complex (Sdh) of EHEC, including the sdhA gene, attenuated its toxicity toward C. elegans animals. Sdh converts succinate to fumarate and links the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC) simultaneously. Succinate accumulation and fumarate depletion in the EHEC sdhA mutant cells were also demonstrated to be concomitant by metabolomic analyses. Moreover, fumarate replenishment to the sdhA mutant significantly increased its virulence toward C. elegans. These results suggest that the TCA cycle, ETC, and alteration in metabolome all account for the attenuated toxicity of the sdhA mutant, and Sdh catabolite fumarate in particular plays a critical role in the regulation of EHEC virulence. In addition, we identified the tryptophanase (TnaA) as a downstream virulence determinant of SdhA using a label-free proteomic method. We demonstrated that expression of tnaA is regulated by fumarate in EHEC. Taken together, our multi-omic analyses demonstrate that sdhA is required for the virulence of EHEC, and aerobic metabolism plays important roles in the pathogenicity of EHEC infection in C. elegans. Moreover, our study highlights the potential targeting of SdhA, if druggable, as alternative preventive or therapeutic strategies by which to combat EHEC infection.
Structure-based design of chimeric antigens for multivalent protein vaccines
Authors: Hollingshead S. , Jongerius I. , Exley R. M. , Johnson S. , Lea S. M. , Tang C. M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThere is an urgent need to develop vaccines against pathogenic bacteria. However, this is often hindered by antigenic diversity and difficulties encountered manufacturing membrane proteins. Here we show how to use structure-based design to develop chimeric antigens (ChAs) for subunit vaccines. ChAs are generated against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis (MenB), the predominant cause of meningococcal disease in wealthy countries. MenB ChAs exploit factor H binding protein (fHbp) as a molecular scaffold to display the immunogenic VR2 epitope from the integral membrane protein PorA. Structural analyses demonstrate fHbp is correctly folded and the PorA VR2 epitope adopts an immunogenic conformation. In mice, immunisation with ChAs generates fHbp and PorA antibodies that recognise the antigens expressed by clinical MenB isolates; these antibody responses correlate with protection against meningococcal disease. Application of ChAs is therefore a potentially powerful approach to develop multivalent subunit vaccines, which can be tailored to circumvent pathogen diversity.
Atrx inactivation drives disease-defining phenotypes in glioma cells of origin through global epigenomic remodeling
Authors: Danussi Carla , Bose Promita , Parthasarathy Prasanna T. , Silberman Pedro C. , Van Arnam John S. , Vitucci Mark , Tang Oliver Y. , Heguy Adriana , Wang Yuxiang , Chan Timothy A. , Riggins Gregory J. , Sulman Erik P. , Lang Frederick F. , Creighton Chad J. , Deneen Benjamin , Miller C. Ryan , Picketts David J. , Kannan Kasthuri , Huse Jason T. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMutational inactivation of the SWI/SNF chromatin regulator ATRX occurs frequently in gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors. Whether and how ATRX deficiency promotes oncogenesis by epigenomic dysregulation remains unclear, despite its recent implication in both genomic instability and telomere dysfunction. Here we report that Atrx loss recapitulates characteristic disease phenotypes and molecular features in putative glioma cells of origin, inducing cellular motility although also shifting differentiation state and potential toward an astrocytic rather than neuronal histiogenic profile. Moreover, Atrx deficiency drives widespread shifts in chromatin accessibility, histone composition, and transcription in a distribution almost entirely restricted to genomic sites normally bound by the protein. Finally, direct gene targets of Atrx that mediate specific Atrx-deficient phenotypes in vitro exhibit similarly selective misexpression in ATRX-mutant human gliomas. These findings demonstrate that ATRX deficiency and its epigenomic sequelae are sufficient to induce disease-defining oncogenic phenotypes in appropriate cellular and molecular contexts.
Universal scaling-law for flow resistance over canopies with complex morphology
Authors: Rubol Simonetta , Ling Bowen , Battiato Ilenia 
Published: March 2018

AbstractFlow resistance caused by vegetation is a key parameter to properly assess flood management and river restoration. However, quantifying the friction factor or any of its alternative metrics, e.g. the drag coefficient, in canopies with complex geometry has proven elusive. We explore the effect of canopy morphology on vegetated channels flow structure and resistance by treating the canopy as a porous medium characterized by an effective permeability, a property that describes the ease with which water can flow through the canopy layer. We employ a two-domain model for flow over and within the canopy, which couples the log-law in the free layer to the Darcy-Brinkman equation in the vegetated layer. We validate the model analytical solutions for the average velocity profile within and above the canopy, the volumetric discharge and the friction factor against data collected across a wide range of canopy morphologies encountered in riverine systems. Results indicate agreement between model predictions and data for both simple and complex plant morphologies. For low submergence canopies, we find a universal scaling law that relates friction factor with canopy permeability and a rescaled bulk Reynolds number. This provides a valuable tool to assess habitats sustainability associated with hydro-dynamical conditions.
Effects of temperature, moisture, and metal salt content on dielectric properties of rice bran associated with radio frequency heating
Authors: Ling Bo , Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Lihui , Wang Shaojin 
Published: March 2018

AbstractDielectric heating including microwave (MW) and radio frequency (RF) energy has been regarded as alternative thermal treatments for food processing. To develop effective rice bran (RB) stabilization treatments based on RF and MW heating, dielectric properties (DPs) with dielectric constant (ε′) and loss factor (ε″) of RB samples at frequencies (10–3000 MHz), temperatures (25–100 °C), moisture content (MC, 10.36–24.69% w.b.) and three metal salt levels (0.05–2.00%) were determined by an open-ended coaxial probe and impedance analyzer. Results indicated that both ε′ and ε″ of RB samples increased with increasing temperature and MC. The increase rate was greater at higher temperature and moisture levels than at lower levels, especially at frequencies lower than 300 MHz. Cubic order models were developed to best fit the relationship between DPs of RB samples and temperature/MC at five frequencies with R2 greater than 0.994. Both ε″ and RF heating rate of RB samples increased significantly with added NaCl (2%), KCl (1%) and Na6O18P6 (2%). The obtained data are useful in developing computer models and simulating dielectric heating for RB stabilization and may also provide theoretical basis for synergistic stabilization of RB under combined dielectric heating with metal salts.
Enhanced features of Dictyoglomus turgidum Cellulase A engineered with carbohydrate binding module 11 from Clostridium thermocellum
Authors: Cattaneo Chiara , Cesaro Patrizia , Spertino Stefano , Icardi Sara , Cavaletto Maria 
Published: March 2018

AbstractLignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is a low-cost and abundant source of fermentable sugars. Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the main ways to obtain sugars from biomass, but most of the polysaccharide-degrading enzymes are poorly efficient on LCB and cellulases with higher performances are required. In this study, we designed a chimeric protein by adding the carbohydrate binding module (CBM) of the cellulosomal enzyme CtLic26A-Cel5E (endoglucanase H or CelH) from Clostridium (Ruminiclostridium) thermocellum to the C-terminus of Dtur CelA, an interesting hyperthermostable endoglucanase from Dictyoglomus turgidum. The activity and binding rate of both native and chimeric enzyme were evaluated on soluble and insoluble polysaccharides. The addition of a CBM resulted in a cellulase with enhanced stability at extreme pHs, higher affinity and activity on insoluble cellulose.
Tubular immaturity causes erythropoietin-deficiency anemia of prematurity in preterm neonates
Authors: Asada Nariaki 
Published: March 2018

AbstractKidneys are physiologically hypoxic due to huge oxygen consumption for tubular reabsorption. The physiological hypoxia makes the kidney an appropriate organ for sensitively detecting oxygen levels and producing erythropoietin (EPO). In preterm neonates, immature kidneys cannot produce sufficient EPO, which results in anemia of prematurity (AOP). The cause of EPO insufficiency in AOP has been unclear, therefore current therapeutic options are transfusion and injection of recombinant human EPO. This report shows that the cause of insufficient EPO production in AOP is elevated renal oxygen levels due to poor oxygen consumption by immature tubules. Neonatal mice with AOP showed low tubular transporter expression and elevated renal oxygen levels compared with those without AOP. Enhancing transporter expression in AOP mice induced renal hypoxia and EPO production. In preterm neonates, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit levels correlated with tubular function, but not with serum creatinine, gestational age, or birth weight. Furthermore, pharmacological upregulation of hypoxia signaling ameliorated AOP in mice. These data suggest that tubular maturation with increased oxygen consumption is required for renal EPO production.
TGF-β1 promotes cell barrier function upon maturation of corneal endothelial cells
Authors: Beaulieu Leclerc Véronique , Roy Olivier , Santerre Kim , Proulx Stéphanie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHuman corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) easily become fibroblastic-like when cultured, rendering them unsuitable for tissue engineering of the cornea. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) could be a key factor in this phenomenon; however, TGF-β is also known to maintain the endothelium in a quiescent state in vivo. This work aimed to compare the effects of TGF-β1 on the phenotype of HCECs during the proliferation and maturation phases. Our results show that addition of TGF-β1 during the active proliferation phase produced fibroblastic HCECs and loss of the cell junction markers ZO-1 and n-cadherin, independent from the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). By contrast, addition of TGF-β1 in maturation media containing few mitogens led to an endothelial phenotype and functional cell junctions as HCECs developed a high trans-endothelial resistance. Furthermore, addition of AG-1478, an epithelial growth factor receptor inhibitor, enhanced the gain of the endothelial phenotype and cell barrier function. Overall, these results show that TGF-β1 can be used to promote the formation of a typical leaky endothelial barrier during the maturation phase of cultured HCECs. A two-phase culture of HCECs using distinct proliferation and maturation media could also be key for developing ideal HCEC culture conditions.
Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of Blonanserin in Schizophrenia: An Updated and Extended Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Kishi Taro , Matsui Yuki , Matsuda Yuki , Katsuki Asuka , Hori Hikaru , Yanagimoto Hiroko , Sanada Kenji , Morita Kiichiro , Yoshimura Reiji , Shoji Yoshihisa , Hagi Katsuhiko , Iwata Nakao 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Introduction We conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing blonanserin with other antipsychotics (amisulpride, aripiprazole, haloperidol, paliperidone, and risperidone).
Methods Weighted mean difference (WMD), risk ratio, and number needed to harm (NNH) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using random-effects model.
Results Ten RCTs (n=1521) were included in this study. Blonanserin was superior to aripiprazole in improvement of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total scores (WMD=−10.62, 95% CI=−17.67 to −3.560, p=0.003). Blonanserin was associated with a higher incidence of all-cause discontinuation (RR=1.373, 95% CI=1.088–1.734, p=0.008, NNH=11), akathisia, extrapyramidal disorder, and agitation/excitement and a lower risk of hyperprolactinemia compared with risperidone + paliperidone.
Discussion The current meta-analytic study did not update the comparison of blonanserin vs. haloperidol because there were no new RCTs. Our results suggest that the efficacy of blonanserin for schizophrenia is comparable with that of other antipsychotics, and blonanserin seems to be well tolerated.
Continuous Electronic Fetal Monitoring during Labor: A Critique and a Reply to Contemporary Proponents
Authors: Sartwelle Thomas , Johnston James 
Published: March 2018

AbstractA half century after continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) became the omnipresent standard of care for the vast majority of labors in the developed countries, and the cornerstone for cerebral palsy litigation, EFM advocates still do not have any scientific evidence justifying EFM use in most labors or courtrooms. Yet, these EFM proponents continue rationalizing the procedure with a rhetorical fog of meaningless words, misleading statistics, archaic concepts, and a complete disregard for medical ethics. This article illustrates the current state of affairs by providing an evidence-based review penetrating the rhetorical fog of a prototypical EFM advocate.