bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the sampling performance of sound recorders versus point counts in bird surveys: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Darras Kevin , Batáry Péter , Furnas Brett , Celis‐Murillo Antonio , Van Wilgenburg Steven L. , Mulyani Yeni A. , Tscharntke Teja 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Autonomous sound recording is a promising sampling method for birds and other vocalizing terrestrial wildlife. However, while there are clear advantages of passive acoustic monitoring methods over classical point counts conducted by humans, it has been difficult to quantitatively assess how they compare in their sampling performance. Quantitative comparisons of species richness between acoustic recorders and human point counts in bird surveys have previously been hampered by the differing and often unknown detection ranges or sound detection spaces among sampling methods.

We performed two meta‐analyses based on 28 studies where bird point counts were paired with sound recordings at the same sampling sites. We compared alpha and gamma richness estimated by both survey methods after equalizing their effective detection ranges. We further assessed the influence of technical sound recording specifications (microphone signal‐to‐noise ratio, height and number) on the bird sampling performance of sound recorders compared to unlimited radius point counts.

We show that after standardizing detection ranges, alpha and gamma richness from both methods are statistically indistinguishable, while there might be an avoidance effect in point counts. Furthermore, we show that microphone signal‐to‐noise ratio (a measure of its quality), height and number positively affect performance through increasing the detection range, allowing sound recorders to match the performance of human point counts.

Synthesis and applications. We demonstrate that when used properly, high‐end sound recording systems can sample terrestrial wildlife just as well as human observers conducting point counts. Correspondingly, we suggest a first standard methodology for sampling birds with autonomous sound recorders to obtain results comparable to point counts and enable practical sampling. We also give recommendations for carrying out effective surveys and making the most out of autonomous sound recorders.
Managerial Hubris, Trade Associations and Regulatory Knowledge in Micro‐Firms
Authors: Betton Marc E. , Branston J. Robert , Tomlinson Philip R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTo avoid breaking the law for regulatory non‐compliance, it is essential that micro‐firm owner‐managers are aware of deficiencies in their knowledge, so that they can seek improvement and avoid over‐confidence (i.e. hubris) in their knowledge levels. Using newly collected survey data from micro‐firms in the English accommodation sector and multivariate techniques, the authors explore the possibility of hubris by making a novel distinction between the Perceived‐Knowledge and Actual‐Knowledge of regulation held by micro‐firm owner‐managers. Both Perceived‐Knowledge (from self‐assessment) and Actual‐Knowledge (from a simple test) over four core areas of regulation are found to be different, generally poor and suggestive of hubris. The relationship between these knowledge levels is further explored by considering the role of trade association membership (since they support members) and attitude (since it effects learning). Attitude is found to be positively associated with both forms of knowledge, while trade association memberships are also found to be associated with enhanced Perceived‐Knowledge, but not Actual‐Knowledge. In light of the results, the authors suggest several priority areas for improving Actual‐Knowledge and self‐assessment skills, and areas for future research.
Financialization without liquidity: in‐kind payments, forced credit, and authoritarianism at the periphery of Europe
Authors: Mattioli Fabio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAfter 2008, the spectacular collapse of financial markets in the United States, Spain, Iceland, Portugal, and Greece has induced researchers to conceptualize financialization as a rapid and unsustainable increase in liquidity. In Macedonia, a small country at the periphery of the European Union, however, the spread of financial instruments and debt coincided with an increased use of in‐kind payments instead of money. Focusing on a type of non‐monetary exchanges that Macedonians callkompenzacija, the article shows how in‐kind payments are integrated to financial flows, and are crucial to the emergence of an authoritarian regime. In the Macedonian context,kompenzacijais part of an oppressive set of relations whereby companies are forced to provide monetary credit to the regime by accepting payment in goods that lose value over time. The article describes the conditions that shape financialization at the periphery of Europe, and identifies in value conversions a crucial variable for understanding the interconnection between politics and finance.
The relations of early phonological awareness, rapid‐naming and speed of processing with the development of spelling and reading: a longitudinal examination
Authors: Bar‐Kochva Irit , Nevo Einat 
Published: June 2018

Phonological awareness has been found to be strongly related to spelling. Findings on the relations between rapid‐naming and spelling are less consistent and have been suggested to be shared with speed of processing. This study set out to examine these relations in spelling and reading of Hebrew. Children attending the regular educational system were followed longitudinally (N = 70): phonological awareness, rapid‐naming and speed of processing were tested in kindergarten and in grade 1, and spelling and reading were tested in grade 2. Kindergarten and grade 1 rapid‐naming predicted spelling and word reading, and grade 1 phonological awareness predicted spelling, word reading and decoding. Speed of processing was an insignificant predictor. The findings extend the role of phonological awareness in spelling to an orthography with partial phonological representations and concurrently suggest weak relations. The results further suggest a link between rapid‐naming and orthographic knowledge, which may not be explained by shared variance with speed of processing.
Adoption of Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties under Rainfall Stress in Malawi
Authors: Katengeza Samson P. , Holden Stein T. , Lunduka Rodney W. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe examine adoption of drought tolerant (DT) maize varieties using a four‐round panel dataset from six districts in Malawi. There is an increase in adoption of DT maize from 3% in 2006 to 43% in 2015 in our data. We focus on the effect of past drought exposure on adoption and the likelihood of DT maize being distributed under the Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP). Results show that past exposure to drought increases the probability of DT maize seed being distributed through FISP. Farmers who accessed maize seed subsidy coupons and were previously exposed to late season dry spells are more likely to use the seed subsidy coupon to redeem DT maize seed. The likelihood of adoption and adoption intensity (area under DT maize) are positively influenced by previous early season dry spells and access to seed subsidy. Previous late season droughts also positively affect adoption intensity. On the other hand, area share under DT maize is positively correlated with early season dry spells and past exposure to late season dry spells but negatively related to seed subsidy. FISP in Malawi appears to have stimulated adoption of DT maize directly through subsidy and indirectly through generating farmers’ experiences of the performance of DT varieties under drought conditions.
Association between different types of comorbidity and disease burden in patients with diabetes
Authors: An JaeJin , Le Quang A. , Dang Tracy 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the association between different types of comorbidities and the quality of diabetes care, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL), and total health care expenditure.MethodsAdult patients with diabetes were identified from the 2011 to 2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative survey of the civilian non‐institutionalized US population. Twenty different chronic conditions were captured and categorized as: (i) diabetes only; (ii) diabetes plus concordant (diabetes‐related) comorbidity only; and (iii) diabetes plus one or more discordant (non‐diabetes‐related) comorbidities. Disease burden outcomes included the process of diabetes care (eye and foot examinations, HbA1c and cholesterol tests, influenza vaccination), HRQoL, and total health care expenditure. Multivariable models were used to examine associations between the type of comorbidity and outcomes.ResultsA sample of 8292 patients with diabetes was identified, of which 11.4% had diabetes only, 40.5% had concordant comorbidity only, and 48.1% reported one or more discordant comorbidities. Patients with diabetes and either type of comorbidity received better quality of diabetes care than those without a comorbidity. However, patients with discordant comorbidity showed significantly lower HRQoL measures and higher health care expenditure than those with concordant comorbidity. Adjusted total mean annual expenditure was US$4891, $6326, and $9210 for those with diabetes only and those with diabetes with one concordant or one discordant comorbidity, respectively.ConclusionsHigher disease burden in patients with diabetes was associated with discordant rather than concordant comorbidity. Future interventional studies evaluating patient‐centered care models addressing different types of comorbidity are necessary to better manage these complex patients.
Changes in interaction network topology and species composition of flower‐visiting insects across three land use types
Authors: Adedoja Opeyemi , Kehinde Temitope 
Published: June 2018

AbstractLand use change is a leading factor in the cause of pollinator decline globally. The response of flower‐visiting insects to habitat transformation and disturbance has been well studied. However, the effect of these anthropogenic disturbances on the structure of insect–flower interaction networks is not well known. We examined how insect–flower interaction network topology changes across land use types with varying levels of disturbance. Three replicates of agricultural lands, grasslands and secondary forest habitats were sampled on a monthly basis for 12 months. The highest mean abundance of flower‐visiting insects and flowering plants was observed in the secondary forest and the lowest record was found on agricultural lands. Furthermore, networks in secondary forests had a higher mean number of interactions, network size and nestedness compared to those observed in agricultural fields. Flower abundance was positively correlated with the number of interactions and network specialization. The significantly higher value of the qualitative and quantitative network indices in the secondary forests underscores the ecological importance of this land use type for conservation of insect–flower interactions in highly fragmented landscapes in the tropics such as the one studied here. Conservation efforts should concentrate on increasing the abundance of floral resources as changes in important network indices were mediated by flower abundance across the land use types.
Impact of patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 rs738409 G/G genotype on hepatic decompensation and mortality in patients with portal hypertension
Authors: Mandorfer M. , Scheiner B. , Stättermayer A. F. , Schwabl P. , Paternostro R. , Bauer D. , Schaefer B. , Zoller H. , Peck‐Radosavljevic M. , Trauner M. , Reiberger T. , Ferenci P. , Ferlitsch A. 
Published: June 2018

SummaryBackgroundThe rs738409 C>G p.I148M variant in the patatin‐like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3)‐gene promotes triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cell activation and has previously been linked to hepatic steatosis/liver fibrosis.AimTo investigate its impact on hepatic decompensation and (liver‐related) mortality in patients who had already developed portal hypertension. Moreover, we assessed its link with hepatic steatosis as evaluated by controlled attenuation parameter.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis in prospectively characterised patients with viral hepatitis/fatty liver disease‐induced portal hypertension (hepatic venous pressure gradient [HVPG] ≥ 6 mm Hg) diagnosed at the Medical University of Vienna who underwent HVPG measurement (until 2013; n = 372; longitudinal study) or simultaneous HVPG and controlled attenuation parameter measurement (2014‐2017; n = 153; cross‐sectional study).ResultsWhile survival was similar between PNPLA3‐C/C and ‐C/G patients, we observed substantially increased mortality in PNPLA3‐G/G patients. PNPLA3‐G/G had no impact on mortality in the subgroup of patients with viral hepatitis; however, we observed a strong independent association between PNPLA3‐G/G and hepatic decompensation (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aSHR]: 2.1, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.1‐4; P = 0.024) as well as mortality (overall: aSHR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.22‐3.98; P = 0.009; liver‐related: aSHR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.08‐4.46; P = 0.029) in patients with fatty liver disease. Interestingly, even in the subgroup of patients who had already progressed to clinically significant portal hypertension (HVPG ≥ 10 mm Hg), PNPLA3‐G/G substantially increased mortality (aSHR: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.27‐4.29; P = 0.006). PNPLA3‐genotype had no influence on controlled attenuation parameter or the prevalence of values ≥248 dB/m.ConclusionPNPLA3‐G/G‐genotype seems to double the risks of hepatic decompensation and (liver‐related) mortality in patients with portal hypertension due to fatty liver disease. Further studies are warranted to investigate potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms unrelated to hepatic steatosis.
Case of chronic pain after laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure in an adolescent girl with inguinal hernia in which open repair was effective
Authors: Ishikawa Takahisa , Nishikawa Makoto , Nakamoto Hiroki , Yokoyama Ryoji , Taketomi Akinobu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractChronic pain after laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure is very rare. Here, we report a case of chronic pain after laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure in an adolescent patient with inguinal hernia who underwent open repair. A 15‐year‐old girl was diagnosed with a left indirect inguinal hernia, and laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure was performed. However, 6 months later, after strenuous exercise, she developed localized pain around the hernia site. Her pain was well controlled by internal treatment but failed to completely resolve. The pain type was somatic, Tinel's sign was negative, and there was no recurrence of the inguinal hernia. Because she strongly wished to undergo surgery, the Potts procedure with removal of the ligature and excision of the round ligament was performed. Her pain improved after surgery, and further medical treatment was not required. The Potts procedure may be an effective treatment for chronic pain such as in this case.
Immunodetection of High Mobility Group Proteins in the regenerating tail of lizard mainly indicates activation for cell proliferation
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImmunodetection of High Mobility Group Proteins (HMGs) in the regenerating tail of lizard indicates activation for cell proliferation. Acta Zoologica (Stockolm). High Mobility Group Proteins (HMGs) are involved in chromatin assembling and control of transcription, especially during development. Transcriptome data indicate that HMGs are abundantly expressed in the early regenerating tail of lizards but their cellular localization remains unknown. Protein bands at 60–62 and 28–30 kDa are detected in western blots, more intense in the regenerating blastema. Immunodetection of HMGs in regenerating tail of the lizard Podarcis muralis indicates that these proteins are mainly localized in tissues where cell proliferation is as active as the apical wound epidermis, ependyma of the spinal cord and pro‐muscle aggregates. Few immunolabelled cells were seen in the regenerating cartilage and growing myomeres or nerves. Only in the wound epidermis labelled cells show a prevalent nuclear labelling while in other tissues a cytoplasmic labelling is prevalent. Only sparse immunolabelled cells are observed in the apical mesenchymal blastema and in the derived connective tissues formed in the mature regions of the regenerating tail, also destined to form adipose cells. The study suggests that the tissues with the highest immunolabelling correspond to those containing more proliferating cells, and that HMGs are mainly activated in these cells to promote cell division for the growth of the new tail.
Safety and efficacy of nivolumab for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: real‐world results from an expanded access programme
Authors: De Giorgi Ugo , Cartenì Giacomo , Giannarelli Diana , Basso Umberto , Galli Luca , Cortesi Enrico , Caserta Claudia , Pignata Sandro , Sabbatini Roberto , Bearz Alessandra , Buti Sebastiano , Lo Re Giovanni , Berruti Alfredo , Bracarda Sergio , Cognetti Francesco , Rastelli Francesca , Fornarini Giuseppe , Porta Camillo , Turci Daniele , Sternberg Cora N. , Procopio Giuseppe ,   the Italian Nivolumab Renal Cell Cancer Early Access Program Group
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveTo report the safety and efficacy results of patients enrolled in the Italian Nivolumab Renal Cell Cancer Expanded Access Programme.Patients and MethodsPatients with metastatic renal cell cancer (mRCC) previously treated with agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway were eligible to receive nivolumab 3 mg/kg once every 2 weeks. Patients included in the analysis had received ≥1 dose of nivolumab and were monitored for adverse events (AEs) using Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v.4.0.ResultsA total of 389 patients were enrolled between July 2015 and April 2016, of whom 18% were aged ≥75 years, 6.7% had non‐clear cell RCC, 49.6% had bone and 8.2% brain metastases, and 79% had received ≥2 previous lines of therapy. The most common any‐grade treatment‐related AEs were fatigue (13%) and rash (9%). Twenty‐two patients (5.7%) discontinued treatment because of AEs. There were no treatment‐related deaths. The objective response rate was 23.1%. At a median follow‐up of 12 months, the median progression‐free survival was 4.5 months (95% confidence interval 3.7–6.2) and the 12‐month overall survival rate was 63%. Similar survival rates were reported among patients with non‐clear‐cell histology, elderly patients, those with bone and/or brain metastases, and those who had received prior first‐line sunitinib or pazopanib, or prior everolimus.ConclusionThe safety and efficacy observed were consistent with those reported in the pivotal Checkmate 025 trial. Results in patients with non‐clear‐cell mRCC who were elderly, pretreated with everolimus, and had bone and/or brain metastases encourage the use of nivolumab in these categories of patients.
Satisfaction rate at 1‐year follow‐up in patients treated with penile implants: data from the multicentre prospective registry INSIST‐ED
Authors: Capogrosso Paolo , Pescatori Edoardo , Caraceni Enrico , Mondaini Nicola , Utizi Lilia , Cai Tommaso , Salonia Andrea , Palmieri Alessandro , Deho’ Federico 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo investigate scores and predictors of patient satisfaction at 1 year after penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) using the validated Quality of Life and Sexuality with Penile Prosthesis (QoLSPP) questionnaire.Patients and MethodsAnalyses were performed for 142 patients prospectively included in the national multicentre registry Italian Nationwide Systematic Inventarization of Surgical Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction (INSIST‐ED), which provided 1‐year follow‐up data. Postoperative patient satisfaction was assessed using the validated QoLSPP tool. Linear logistic regression analyses assessed predictors of QoLSPP total and single domain scores, including age at surgery, erectile dysfunction aetiology, type of prosthesis, surgical approach, surgeon experience and complications. Locally weighted regression methods were used to explore the relationship between surgeon experience and QoLSPP scores.ResultsOverall, high median functional, relational, social, personal and total QoLSPP scores were reported at 1 year after PPI. Patients implanted with hydraulic devices had higher functional (23 vs 21.5; P = 0.01) and total scores (68 vs 65.5; P = 0.03) than those with a malleable prosthesis. Surgeon experience emerged as the only independent predictor of higher satisfaction scores, depicting a non‐linear association with both QoLSPP total and single domain scores (all P < 0.03). Data suggested that the higher the number of procedures per year, the greater the satisfaction scores, reaching a plateau after l5 procedures/year.ConclusionsThis study reports high functional and patient satisfaction scores at 1 year after PPI surgery using a dedicated tool for the first time. Better outcomes should be expected for patients treated by surgeons with greater experience.
Tooth loss is a complex measure of oral disease: Determinants and methodological considerations
Authors: Haworth Simon , Shungin Dmitry , Kwak So Young , Kim Hae‐Young , West Nicola X. , Thomas Steven J. , Franks Paul W. , Timpson Nicholas J. , Shin Min‐Jeong , Johansson Ingegerd 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectivesCounts of missing teeth or measures of incident tooth loss are gaining attention as a simple way to measure dental status in large population studies. We explore the meaning of these metrics and how missing teeth might influence other measures of dental status.MethodsAn observational study was performed in 2 contrasting adult populations. In total, 62 522 adult participants were available with clinically assessed caries and periodontal indices from the Swedish arm of the Gene‐Lifestyle Interactions and Dental Endpoints Study (GLIDE) and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in the Republic of Korea. Longitudinal measures of tooth loss were available for 28 244 participants in GLIDE with median follow‐up of 10.6 years.ResultsIn longitudinal analysis, hazard for tooth loss was associated with baseline dental status (previous tooth loss, periodontal status and caries status) and socio‐demographic variables (age, smoking status and highest educational level). Analysis of cross‐sectional data suggested that indices of caries exposure were not independent of periodontal status. The strength and direction of association varied between groups, even for measures specifically intended to avoid measuring tooth loss. Individuals with impaired periodontal health (community periodontal index [CPI] 3 or higher in any sextant) had higher standardized decayed and filled surfaces (DFS; number of DFS divided by total number of tooth surfaces) in GLIDE (incidence risk ratio [IRR] 1.05 [95% CI: 1.04, 1.07], but lower standardized DFS in KNHANES (IRR: 0.95 [0.92, 0.98]) than individuals with better periodontal health (CPI <3 in all sextants).ConclusionsIncident tooth loss is a complex measure of dental disease, with multiple determinants. The relative importance of dental caries and periodontal disease as drivers of tooth loss differs between age groups. Measures of dental caries exposure are associated with periodontal status in the studied populations, and these associations can be population‐specific. Consideration of the study‐specific properties of these metrics may be required for valid inference in large population studies.