bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of statistical moments in chromatography using trapezoidal and Simpson's rules of peak integration
Authors: Misra Shobhit , Wahab M. Farooq , Patel Darshan C. , Armstrong Daniel W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractModern chromatographic data acquisition softwares often behave as black boxes where the researchers have little control over the raw data processing. One of the significant interests of separation scientists is to extract physico‐chemical information from chromatographic experiments and peak parameters. In addition, column developers need the total peak shape analysis to characterize the flow profile in chromatographic beds. Statistical moments offer a robust approach for providing detailed information for peaks in terms of area, its center of gravity, variance, resolution, and its skew without assuming any peak model or shape. Despite their utility and theoretical significance, statistical moments are rarely incorporated as they often provide underestimated or overestimated results because of inappropriate choice of the integration method and selection of integration limits. The Gaussian model is universally used in most chromatography softwares to assess efficiency, resolution, and peak position. Herein we present a user‐friendly, and accessible approach for calculating the zeroth, first, second, and third moments through more accurate numerical integration techniques (Trapezoidal and Simpson's rule) which provide an accurate estimate of peak parameters as compared to rectangular integration. An Excel template is also provided which can calculate the four moments in three steps with or without baseline correction.
VOR adaptation training and retention in a patient with profound bilateral vestibular hypofunction
Authors: Gimmon Yoav , Migliaccio Americo A. , Kim Kyoung Jae , Schubert Michael C. 
Published: February 2019

A novel training method known as incremental VOR adaptation (IVA) can improve the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) gain for both active and passive head rotation by coupling active head rotations with a laser‐projected target that moves in the opposite direction of the head at a fraction of the head velocity. A 51‐year‐old male with bilateral vestibular hypofunction participated in a research protocol using a portable IVA device for 645 days. Passive VOR gains improved 179% to 600%; standing posture and gait also improved. Motor learning within the vestibular system using the IVA method is possible after severe vestibular pathology.Laryngoscope, 129:2568–2573, 2019
Redox‐Responsive Nanogel with Intracellular Reconstruction and Programmable Drug Release for Targeted Tumor Therapy
Authors: Tian Yu , Tian Ran , Chen Li , Jin Ronghua , Feng Yiming , Bai Yongkang , Chen Xin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA tumor‐selective drug delivery nanogel with redox‐responsive size swelling and co‐instantaneous drug release is developed. The nanogel is formed by poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether and cystamine double crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA). The disulfide bond in cystamine (Cys) is in charge of the responsiveness, while the compact polymer network turns the nanogel a capsule for effective drug loading. The tumor targeting is achieved by the known HA‐receptor mediated endocytosis. The responsive swelling of this nanogel and co‐instantaneous drug releases happen with the cleavage of the disulfide bond following tumor targeting and cell endocytosis, which is triggered by massive glutathione (GSH) in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. The highly selective nanogel uptake by tumor cells is directly demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. The dynamic light scattering and fluorescent spectrum reveal the GSH‐triggered size change and simultaneous drug release, which results in higher tumor cytotoxicity and over fourfold efficacy against tumor cells compared with normal cells. These results indicate that these HA‐PEG‐Cys‐DOX nanogels, with performance of selective drug delivery, intracellular reconstruction, and responsive drug release, are promising platforms for better therapeutic effects in cancer treatment.
3D Printing of Photocuring Elastomers with Excellent Mechanical Strength and Resilience
Authors: Ji Zhongying , Zhang Xiaoqin , Yan Changyou , Jia Xin , Xia Yanqiu , Wang Xiaolong , Zhou Feng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) printing elastomers, as a combination of transformative technology and widely used materials, have received great demand in many fields. However, commercial photocuring elastomer inks for 3D printing usually exhibit poor mechanical strength, inferior resilience, and lower elongation at break. In this study, photocuring inks that can be employed for digital light processing 3D printing are developed with acryloyl‐modified polyethylene glycol (Acryl@PEG). The resultant photocuring inks exhibit not only high tensile strength of 14.1 MPa and elongation of 245.0%, but also excellent resilience (recover to 90.85% after 30 min under the 200% strain). With the photocuring elastomer inks, a variety of architectures including hollow vases, eggs, finger rings, and porous lattices are built with excellent precision, which all could experience large shape deformations repeatedly without any damage, indicating the excellent elasticity, outstanding shape‐recovery property, and mechanical stability. The present photocuring elastomer inks for 3D printing are therefore believed to be promising for soft robots, wearable devices, flexible electronics, and many other applications.
RNA aptamers selected against yeast cells inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation in vitro
Authors: Bachtiar Boy M. , Srisawat Chatchawan , Bachtiar Endang W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAptamers that bind live bacterial cells have been widely investigated, but their potential to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation needs to be further explored. The aims of this study were to evaluate the binding of C. albicans to RNA aptamers and to examine the potential of aptamers to inhibit C. albicans biofilm formation in vitro. In this study, RNA aptamers selected against yeast cells of C. albicans ATCC 10231 were developed using the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique. The binding affinity of the resulting aptamers was then determined by an aptamer‐linked immobilized sorbent assay (ALISA), and a colorimetric (MTT) assay was used to measure the metabolic activity of Candida biofilms. After 11 rounds of SELEX, two candidate aptamers, Ca‐apt‐1 and Ca‐apt‐12, were identified. The Ca‐apt‐1 aptamer also recognized C. albicans isolated from clinical specimens but did not recognize other oral microorganisms (i.e., Streptococcus mutans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The ALISA results showed that the binding affinity of these aptamers was comparable to that of an anti‐C. albicans monoclonal antibody. In addition, Ca‐apt‐1 could inhibit biofilm and hyphal formation of C. albicans in vitro, as demonstrated using biofilm assays. This study shows that RNA aptamers could potentially be used in diagnostic and therapeutic applications for C. albicans‐related disease in the future.
Influence of stereoelectronic effects on the 1JC─F spin–spin coupling constant in fluorinated heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Silla Josué M. , Andrade Laize A.F. , Freitas Matheus P. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe Perlin effect and its analog for fluorinated compounds (the fluorine Perlin‐like effect) manifest on one‐bond C─H (C─F for the fluorine Perlin‐like effect) spin–spin coupling constants (SSCCs) in six‐membered rings. These effects can be useful to probe the stereochemistry (axial or equatorial) of the C─H and C─F bonds, respectively. The origin of these effects has been debatable in the literature as being due to hyperconjugative interactions, dipolar effects, and induced current density. Accordingly, a variety of model compounds has been used to probe such effects since the cyclohexanone carbonyl group and the endocyclic heteroatom lone pairs play different roles on the above‐mentioned effects. Thus, the 1JC─F SSCC in fluorinated lactams and lactones were theoretically studied to gain further insight on the nature of the fluorine Perlin‐like effect. In addition, because the intramolecular α‐effect has recently gained attention for its importance in the reactivity and stereoelectronic interactions in peroxide compounds, some fluorinated 1,2‐dioxanes and 1,2‐dithianes were studied to evaluate the role of the α‐effect on the behavior of 1JC─F SSCCs. Differently from fluorinated ketones and ethers, the fluorine Perlin‐like effect in the amides and esters cannot be explained by hyperconjugative or dipolar interactions alone, because the resonance in these groups affect the 1JC─F values. The O─O and S─S‐containing systems exhibit a strong fluorine Perlin‐like effect, but unlike the α‐effect, this behavior cannot be explained neither by hyperconjugation nor by dipolar interactions alone; the spatial proximity of the C─F and O─O/S─S bonds is proposed to affect the magnitude of the 1JC─F SSCC.
Springtime Exploitation of Brook Trout by Anglers in Remote Headwater Streams of Central Appalachia
Authors: Hartman Kyle J. , Andrew Ross G. , Schwinghamer Christopher W. , Thorne David W. , Webster Jeremy S. 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
In the central Appalachian Mountains, Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis are a popular target of anglers, but given the remoteness of many of these systems traditional creel methods of evaluating angling effects are impractical. We used a combination of angler and fish survey sampling methods to determine the sizes and numbers of fish harvested. Fish harvest information was reported by anglers, trout size structures were determined by electrofishing, and angler effort was identified via surveys and remote camera sampling in six streams in West Virginia. On average, anglers retained 3.7 ± 0.2 fish (mean ± SE) ≥ 170 mm TL per trip. Between March 13 and May 29, we estimated that anglers harvested from 0.1 to 2.3 ± 0.3 fish per 100 m in the six streams. Applying these harvest rate estimates to Brook Trout &gt; 170 mm TL, densities in 25 headwater streams in West Virginia yielded a mean of 14.5 angler-days to deplete harvestable-sized fish in these streams. Anglers appeared knowledgeable of local fish populations and focused greater effort on streams with larger populations of harvestable-sized fish. While Brook Trout populations in low-productivity streams may be particularly sensitive to harvest, anglers appear to use them less often. However, in low-productivity streams where fewer harvestable-size fish occur, anglers may still have noticeable effects on mortality through postrelease stress on abundant smaller-sized fish. This study identifies the localized effects that a small subsection of anglers may have on remote populations of sensitive fish and should be carefully considered as a way to understand more widespread effects on popular sport fishes that exist in remote areas.
Pelvic floor muscle activation in stress urinary incontinent women: Impact of a distraction task
Authors: Dewaele Pauline , Deffieux Xavier , Villot Anne , Amarenco Gérard , Billecocq Sylvie , Thubert Thibault 
Published: February 2019

AimsOur purpose was to explore the involvement of cognition in voluntary and involuntary pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction in stress urinary incontinent women.MethodsPFM contraction monitored by surface electromyography (EMG) was measured without a mental distraction task (DT), and with a DT called “paced auditory serial additional test” (PASAT). Forty stress incontinent women performed voluntary contractions of the external anal sphincter (EAS), and reflex EAS contractions induced by means of coughing were studied using the external intercostal muscle (EIC) EMG pattern.ResultsA DT altered PFM pre‐activation when coughing: the reaction time between EIC muscle contraction and EAS contraction (called RT3) was respectively −54.94 ms (IQR −87.12; 3.12) without the PASAT and −3.99 ms (IQR: −47.92; 18.69) with a DT (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon's test). Concerning voluntary contraction, women activated their PFM sooner without than with a DT.ConclusionThe PASAT altered voluntary and reflex contractions of the PFM in stress urinary incontinent women. Our study suggests that cognition plays a role in urinary pathophysiology. Future studies should investigate rehabilitation programs that consider the role of cognition in stress urinary incontinent women.
Mechanical impact of parturition‐related strains on rat pelvic striated sphincters
Authors: Duran Pamela , Ward Samuel , Christman Karen L. , Alperin Marianna 
Published: February 2019

AbstractAimsTo define the operational resting sarcomere length (Ls) of the female rat external urethral sphincter (EUS) and external anal sphincter (EAS) and to determine the mechanism of parturition‐related injury of EUS and EAS using a simulated birth injury (SBI) vaginal distention model.MethodsEUS and EAS of 3‐month‐old Sprague‐Dawley control and injured rats were fixed in situ, harvested, and microdissected for Ls measurements and assessment of ultrastructure. EUS and EAS function was determined at baseline, and immediately and 4 weeks after SBI, using leak point pressure (LPP) and anorectal manometry (ARM), respectively. Operational L
s was compared to species‐specific optimal L
s using one sample Student's t test. Data (mean ± SD) were compared between groups and time points using repeated measures one‐way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post hoc pairwise comparisons, with significance set to 0.05.ResultsThe operational resting Ls of both sphincters (EUS: 2.09 ± 0.07 µm, EAS: 2.02 ± 0.03 µm) was significantly shorter than optimal rat Ls of 2.4 µm. Strains imposed on EUS and EAS during SBI resulted in significant sarcomere elongation and disruption, compared with the controls (EUS: 3.09 ± 0.11 µm, EAS: 3.37 ± 0.09 µm). Paralleling structural changes, LPP and ARM measures were significantly lower immediately (LPP: 21.5 ± 1.0 cmH2O, ARM: 5.1 ± 2.31 cmH2O) and 4 weeks (LPP: 27.7 ± 1.3cmH2O, ARM: 2.5 ± 1.0 cmH2O) after SBI relative to the baseline (LPP: 43.4 ± 8.5 cmH2O, ARM: 8.2 ± 2.0 cmH2O); P < 0.05.ConclusionsAnalogous to humans, the short resting Ls of rat EUS and EAS favors their sphincteric function. The insult experienced by these muscles during parturition leads to sarcomere hyperelongation, myofibrillar disruption, and dysfunction of the sphincters long‐term.
From biology to behavior: a cross‐disciplinary seminar series surrounding added sugar and low‐calorie sweetener consumption
Authors: Sylvetsky A. C. , Hiedacavage A. , Shah N. , Pokorney P. , Baldauf S. , Merrigan K. , Smith V. , Long M. W. , Black R. , Robien K. , Avena N. , Gaine C. , Greenberg D. , Wootan M. G. , Talegawkar S. , Colon‐Ramos U. , Leahy M. , Ohmes A. , Mennella J. A. , Sacheck J. , Dietz W. H. 
Published: February 2019

SummaryIntroductionThis report presents a synopsis of a three‐part, cross‐sector, seminar series held at the George Washington University (GWU) in Washington, DC from February–April, 2018. The overarching goal of the seminar series was to provide a neutral forum for diverse stakeholders to discuss and critically evaluate approaches to address added sugar intake, with a key focus on the role of low‐calorie sweeteners (LCS).MethodsDuring three seminars, twelve speakers from academic institutions, federal agencies, non‐profit organizations, and the food and beverage industries participated in six interactive panel discussions to address: 1) Do Farm Bill Policies Impact Population Sugar Intake? 2) What is the Impact of Sugar‐sweetened Beverage (SSB) Taxes on Health and Business? 3) Is Sugar Addictive? 4) Product Reformulation Efforts: Progress, Challenges, and Concerns? 5) Low‐calorie Sweeteners: Helpful or Harmful, and 6) Are Novel Sweeteners a Plausible Solution? Discussion of each topic involved brief 15‐minute presentations from the speakers, which were followed by a 25‐minute panel discussion moderated by GWU faculty members and addressed questions generated by the audience. Sessions were designed to represent opposing views and stimulate meaningful debate. Given the provocative nature of the seminar series, attendee questions were gathered anonymously using Pigeonhole™, an interactive, online, question and answer platform.ResultsThis report summarizes each presentation and recapitulates key perspectives offered by the speakers and moderators.ConclusionsThe seminar series set the foundation for robust cross‐sector dialogue necessary to inform meaningful future research, and ultimately, effective policies for lowering added sugar intakes.
Does the use of incretin‐based medications increase the risk of cancer in patients with type‐2 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Karp Igor , Sivaswamy Atul , Booth Christopher 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPurposeIncretin‐based medications are a novel class of agents for the treatment of type‐2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). The safety profile of these medications is not firmly established, and concerns have been raised about their potential carcinogenicity. The objective of our study was to produce new evidence on the effect of incretin‐based medications on cancer risk in patients with DM2.MethodsWe conducted a “retrospective cohort” study with data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and the Hospital Episodes Statistics in the UK. New users of either an incretin‐based medication (n = 18 885) or a sulfonylurea medication (n = 36 929) between 2007 and 2013 were identified and followed for up to 8 years. Cox proportional‐hazards models were used to estimate the quasi‐intention‐to‐treat and quasi‐per‐protocol hazard‐ratios for the association between incretin‐based medications with cancer while adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsThe adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for use of incretin‐based medications versus use of sulfonylurea medications for the overall‐cancer outcome was 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) in the quasi‐intention‐to‐treat analysis and 0.90 (0.81, 1.00) in the quasi‐per‐protocol analysis. In both analyses, the hazard‐ratio functions over the 8‐year follow‐up seemed fairly constant, and the 8‐year cumulative‐risk functions in the two subcohorts were similar.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the use of incretin‐based medications in patients with DM2 does not increase the risk of cancer relative to the use of sulfonylurea medications, at least in the first several years of the use. Further research is needed to assess long‐term effects of the use of incretin‐based medications on cancer risk.
Impact of Sofosbuvir‐Based Therapy on Liver Transplant Candidates with Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Dellay Bethany , Sexter Anne , Wang Jeffrey H. , Hess Gregory P. , Ray Kim W. , Israni Ajay K. 
Published: February 2019

BackgroundSofosbuvir use in patients with decompensated cirrhosis may be associated with reduced liver transplant waitlist mortality and reduced need for transplant.MethodsData from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients were linked with a national database of pharmacy claims. All adult patients on the liver transplant waitlist on January 1, 2014, or added to the list during 2014, with hepatitis C virus as reason for listing were identified (2009 patients). A subgroup of 1093 unique patients had consistent pharmacy claim capture and observations. We compared patients who were and were not treated with all sofosbuvir‐based regimens.ResultsDuring the study period, 154 patients received sofosbuvir‐based regimens. These patients had lower model for end‐stage liver disease scores and significantly longer waiting times. We found a trend toward significance for more sofosbuvir‐treated than untreated patients being removed from the waitlist due to improved condition (4.54% vs 3.19%, p=0.03). In a propensity score‐adjusted analysis, sofosbuvir‐treated patients were less likely to undergo transplant (hazard ratio 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.37–0.89, p=0.01).ConclusionDuring the study period reflecting early sofosbuvir use, few liver transplant candidates received sofosbuvir. Use was associated with lower incidence of transplant and a trend toward more waitlist removals due to improved condition.
Evaluating the effects of repeated reading and continuous reading using a standardized dosage of words read
Authors: Hammerschmidt‐Snidarich Stephanie M. , Maki Kathrin E. , Adams Sarah R. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractRepeated reading (RR) is a common fluency intervention, but recent studies comparing RR to continuous reading (CR; i.e., wide reading) found no significant differences in effects. This prompts the question of whether the mechanism that improves skills is repeatedly reading portions of connected text, or simply reading connected text. The current study examined the differential effectiveness of RR and CR for increasing oral reading fluency rate (ORF) and comprehension of 40 students in second and third grades, randomly assigned to receive the RR or CR intervention. Students in both conditions received a standardized amount of practice (dosage) in the form of number of words read during each intervention session. All but two participants increased their ORF and there were no significant differences between groups on posttest ORF or broad comprehension. Moreover, students with the highest pretest scores made slightly more growth regardless of condition. Students in the RR group demonstrated significantly higher comprehension of practiced passages and students in the CR condition reported significantly higher levels of intervention acceptability. Implications for reading fluency intervention research and practice are discussed.
Frontal free‐radical photopolymerization of thick samples: Applications to LED‐induced fiber‐reinforced polymers
Authors: Carion Pauline , Ibrahim Ahmad , Allonas Xavier , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline , L'Hostis Gildas 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTFree‐radical photopolymerization is scarcely used for the manufacturing of fiber‐reinforced polymers. The main issue relies on the penetration depth of light which affects the conversion degree when photopolymerizing thick samples. Consequently, this could lead to inhomogeneous polymer properties. The ability of acylphosphine oxides to photobleach under near UV irradiation makes them of great interest for the curing of thick samples. Therefore, the influence of (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide on the curing of composites under LED is investigated. Although that a frontal photopolymerization process can be evidenced, it was found that full photobleaching is hardly obtained at high concentration of photoinitiator. Six layers laminates made of unidirectional fiber glass and unsaturated polyester resin were prepared. The existence of an optimal range of concentration for which the conversion of the resin is the most homogeneous throughout its thickness was pointed out, a fact that is confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis. Interestingly, this effect is reflected in the shrinkage of the resin as shown by direct measurements or deflection experiments. Mechanical analysis was undertaken whose results correlate well with the aforementioned study, demonstrating the occurrence of a balance between the concentration of photoinitiator and the mechanical properties of the samples. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 898–906