bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerated flowering time reduces lifetime water use without penalizing reproductive performance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ferguson John N. , Meyer Rhonda C. , Edwards Kieron D. , Humphry Matt , Brendel Oliver , Bechtold Ulrike 
Published: February 2019

AbstractNatural selection driven by water availability has resulted in considerable variation for traits associated with drought tolerance and leaf‐level water‐use efficiency (WUE). In Arabidopsis, little is known about the variation of whole‐plant water use (PWU) and whole‐plant WUE (transpiration efficiency). To investigate the genetic basis of PWU, we developed a novel proxy trait by combining flowering time and rosette water use to estimate lifetime PWU. We validated its usefulness for large‐scale screening of mapping populations in a subset of ecotypes. This parameter subsequently facilitated the screening of water use and drought tolerance traits in a recombinant inbred line population derived from two Arabidopsis accessions with distinct water‐use strategies, namely, C24 (low PWU) and Col‐0 (high PWU). Subsequent quantitative trait loci mapping and validation through near‐isogenic lines identified two causal quantitative trait loci, which showed that a combination of weak and nonfunctional alleles of the FRIGIDA (FRI) and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) genes substantially reduced plant water use due to their control of flowering time. Crucially, we observed that reducing flowering time and consequently water use did not penalize reproductive performance, as such water productivity (seed produced per unit of water transpired) improved. Natural polymorphisms of FRI and FLC have previously been elucidated as key determinants of natural variation in intrinsic WUE (δ13C). However, in the genetic backgrounds tested here, drought tolerance traits, stomatal conductance, δ13C. and rosette water use were independent of allelic variation at FRI and FLC, suggesting that flowering is critical in determining lifetime PWU but not always leaf‐level traits.
Adaptively transformed mixed‐model prediction of general finite‐population parameters
Authors: Sugasawa Shonosuke , Kubokawa Tatsuya 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor estimating area‐specific parameters (quantities) in a finite population, a mixed‐model prediction approach is attractive. However, this approach strongly depends on the normality assumption of the response values, although we often encounter a non‐normal case in practice. In such a case, transforming observations to make them suitable for normality assumption is a useful tool, but the problem of selecting a suitable transformation still remains open. To overcome the difficulty, we here propose a new empirical best predicting method by using a parametric family of transformations to estimate a suitable transformation based on the data. We suggest a simple estimating method for transformation parameters based on the profile likelihood function, which achieves consistency under some conditions on transformation functions. For measuring the variability of point prediction, we construct an empirical Bayes confidence interval of the population parameter of interest. Through simulation studies, we investigate the numerical performance of the proposed methods. Finally, we apply the proposed method to synthetic income data in Spanish provinces in which the resulting estimates indicate that the commonly used log transformation would not be appropriate.
Bandage contact lens retention in dogs—A pilot study
Authors: Diehl Kathryn A. , Bowden Anna Catherine , Knudsen Dane 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess and compare retention, application characteristics, and patient tolerance of nine bandage contact lens types from four manufacturers.Animals studiedSix research Beagles were used in this pilot study.ProcedureFive bandage contact lens types from two veterinary brands and four bandage contact lens types from two human brands were evaluated in six research Beagles. Placement ease, the dogs’ contact lens tolerance, and contact lens retention time for up to 14 days were recorded. Statistical analysis with a linear mixed model was performed.ResultsVeterinary contact lenses had an average retention time of 0.4 days (range 0‐7 days, with an average of 10% and 3% retained ≥1 and ≥7 days, respectively), while human contact lenses had a significantly (P < 0.0001) longer average retention time of 5.2 days (range 0‐14 days, with an average of 83% and 37.5% retained ≥1 and ≥7 days, respectively). Specifically, Johnson and Johnson Vision Care Acuvue® Oasys™ with Hydraclear™ Plus lenses were retained significantly longer than all veterinary lenses, and Bausch and Lomb PureVision® 2 lenses were retained significantly longer than Keragenix HydroBlues™ 18 and AnimaLens™ HRT 78 18 mm lenses.ConclusionAlthough all bandage contact lenses were easy to use and well tolerated by the dogs, the human lenses were retained significantly better and longer than the veterinary lenses. Additionally, human lenses were retained significantly better and longer than veterinary lenses of similar measurements. This suggests factors other than measurement and associated fit may determine contact lens retention time.
Rare cause of lung atelectasis in a young woman
Authors: Pedro Paula Inês , Canário Dolores , Lopes Miguel , Argyropoulou Despina 
Published: February 2019

Pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma is an extremely rare intrathoracic malignancy, comprising less than 1% of all lung tumours. These are very slow growing and are classified into low grade and high grade based on histological features. Surgical resection is the primary treatment with excellent outcomes, while chemotherapy or radiotherapy effectiveness is not known. Preoperative fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) is useful for predicting tumour grade and postsurgical prognosis.A clinical case of a 31-year-old woman who presented with dyspnoea on exertion, cough and wheezing is reported. Imaging studies revealed a mass involving the left lower lobe bronchus and atelectasis. 18F-FDG PET/CT showed uptake in the described mass with a maximum standardised uptake value of 9.7. Complete surgical resection was performed, and pathological examination revealed a high-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma with tumour-free margins. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given and there is no evidence of tumour recurrence.
Right ventricular remodeling in response to volume overload in fetal sheep
Authors: Karamlou Tara , Giraud George D. , McKeogh Donogh , Jonker Sonnet S. , Shen Irving , Ungerleider Ross M. , Thornburg Kent L. 
Published: February 2019

The fetal myocardium is known to be sensitive to hemodynamic load, responding to systolic overload with cellular hypertrophy, proliferation, and accelerated maturation. However, the fetal cardiac growth response to primary volume overload is unknown. We hypothesized that increased venous return would stimulate fetal cardiomyocyte proliferation and terminal differentiation, particularly in the right ventricle (RV). Vascular catheters and pulmonary artery flow probes were implanted in 16 late-gestation fetal sheep: a right carotid artery-jugular vein (AV) fistula was surgically created in nine fetuses, and sham operations were performed on seven fetuses. Instrumented fetuses were studied for 1 wk before hearts were dissected for component analysis or cardiomyocyte dispersion for cellular measurements. Within 1 day of AV fistula creation, RV output was 20% higher in experimental than sham fetuses ( P < 0.0001). Circulating atrial natriuretic peptide levels were elevated fivefold in fetuses with an AV fistula ( P < 0.002). On the terminal day, RV-to-body weight ratios were 35% higher in the AV fistula group ( P < 0.05). Both left ventricular and RV cardiomyocytes grew longer in fetuses with an AV fistula ( P < 0.02). Cell cycle activity was depressed by >50% [significant in left ventricle ( P < 0.02), but not RV ( P < 0.054)]. Rates of terminal differentiation were unchanged. Based on these studies, we speculate that atrial natriuretic peptide suppressed fetal cardiomyocyte cell cycle activity. Unlike systolic overload, fetal diastolic load appears to drive myocyte enlargement, but not cardiomyocyte proliferation or maturation. These changes could predispose to RV dysfunction later in life. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Adaptation of the fetal heart to changes in cardiac load allows the fetus to maintain adequate blood flow to its systemic and placental circulations, which is necessary for the well-being of the fetus. Addition of arterial-venous fistula flow to existing venous return increased right ventricular stroke volume and output. The fetal heart compensated by cardiomyocyte elongation without accelerated cellular maturation, while cardiomyocyte proliferation decreased. Even transient volume overload in utero alters myocardial structure and cardiomyocyte endowment.
Interleukin-15 and Interleukin-7 are the Major Cytokines to Maintain Endometriosis
Authors: Bellelis Patrick , Frediani Barbeiro Denise , Gueuvoghlanian-Silva Bárbara Yasmin , Kalil Jorge , Abrão Mauricio Simões , Podgaec Sergio 
Published: February 2019

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this study was to evaluate cytokines related to natural killer and T-regulatory cells in endometriotic lesions, peritoneal fluid (PF) and the peripheral blood (PB) of patients with deep infiltrative endometriosis. <b><i>Study Design:</i></b> A case-control study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital. Sixty-four consecutive patients after laparoscopy were divided into 2 groups: with endometriosis (Group A – <i>n</i> = 32) and without endometriosis (Group B – <i>n</i> = 32). <b><i>Main Outcome Measures:</i></b> Interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, transforming growth factor β1, and IFNγ concentration was measured using a Luminex<sup>TM</sup> multiplex suspension bead array. Tissues from endometriotic lesions of patients with endometriosis and from eutopic endometrium were evaluated, as well as PF and PB of all patients. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Compared to the other analyzed groups, IL-15 concentration was significantly higher in the ectopic endometrium and IL-7 in the eutopic endometrium of the endometriosis group (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). Compared to endometriosis group, IFNγ, IL-7, and IL-15 were observed to be significantly higher in the PF of the control group, and IL-10 was lower in the control group (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). In PB, compared to endometriosis group, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15, and IFNγ concentrations were significantly higher in the control group (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.05). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Our hypothesis is that deep endometriosis is a disease out of control. This disease’s nature is of progression and invasion of adjacent structures, and proof of this disease state is the disorganized secretion of cytokine regulation and inflammation, which seem to be among the factors responsible for the maintenance of the disease.
Como e por que fazer de Câmara Cascudo um objeto de pesquisa sociológica?
Authors: Oliveira Aluizio Lins de 
Published: February 2019

Realizar uma análise sociológica de uma atividade intelectual implica a construção explicativa das condições sociais de sua produção. O método pede a consideração relacional e a interdependência de elementos que dentro de uma determinada lógica encontram grande parte da fundamentação de suas existências, além da crítica e da reflexividade da própria construção do objeto. A feitura de uma análise sociológica da atividade intelectual de Câmara Cascudo deve trabalhar com duas dimensões que formam uma só, mas se diferenciam enormemente: as relações sociais, culturais e de poder no chamado mundo local e as relações sociais, culturais e de poder nacionais. Além disso, construir analiticamente as diversas fases diferenciadas e os elementos de constância em suas diferentes cores.
Outcomes After Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair in Patients With Renal Disease
Authors: Shah Binita , Villablanca Pedro A. , Vemulapalli Sreekanth , Manandhar Pratik , Amoroso Nicholas S. , Saric Muhamed , Staniloae Cezar , Williams Mathew R. 
Published: February 2019

Background:
Renal disease is associated with poor prognosis despite guideline-directed cardiovascular therapy, and outcomes by sex in this population remain uncertain.

Methods and Results:

Patients (n=5213) who underwent a MitraClip procedure in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry Transcatheter Valve Therapy registry were evaluated for the primary composite outcome of all-cause mortality, stroke, and new requirement for dialysis by creatinine clearance (CrCl). Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services–linked data were available in 63% of patients (n=3300). CrCl was <60 mL/min in 77% (n=4010) and <30 mL/min in 23% (n=1183) of the cohort. Rates of primary outcome were higher with lower CrCl (>60 mL/min, 1.4%; 30–<60 mL/min, 2.7%; <30 mL/min, 5.2%; dialysis, 7.8%;
P
<0.001), and all low CrCl groups were independently associated with the primary outcome (30–<60 mL/min: adjusted odds ratio, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.38–3.91; <30 mL/min: adjusted odds ratio, 4.44; 95% CI, 2.63–7.49; dialysis: adjusted hazards ratio, 4.52; 95% CI, 2.08–9.82) when compared with CrCl >60 mL/min. Rates of 1-year mortality were higher with lower CrCl (>60 mL/min, 13.2%; 30–<60 mL/min, 18.8%; <30 mL/min, 29.9%; dialysis, 32.3%;
P
<0.001), and all low CrCl groups were independently associated with 1-year mortality (30–<60 mL/min: adjusted hazards ratio, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.13–1.99; <30 mL/min: adjusted hazards ratio, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.78–3.20; adjusted hazards ratio: dialysis, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.66–3.57) when compared with CrCl >60 mL/min.

Conclusions:
The majority of patients who undergo MitraClip have renal disease. Preprocedural renal disease is associated with poor outcomes, particularly in stage 4 or 5 renal disease where 1-year mortality is observed in nearly one-third. Studies to determine how to further optimize outcomes in this population are warranted.
Recognizing the Famine Early Warning Systems Network: Over 30 Years of Drought Early Warning Science Advances and Partnerships Promoting Global Food Security
Authors: Funk Chris , Shukla Shraddhanand , Thiaw Wassila Mamadou , Rowland James , Hoell Andrew , McNally Amy , Husak Gregory , Novella Nicholas , Budde Michael , Peters-Lidard Christa , Adoum Aklhalil , Galu Gideon , Korecha Diriba , Magadzire Tamuka , Rodriguez Mario , Robjhon Miliaritiana , Bekele Endalkachew , Arsenault Kristi , Peterson Pete , Harrison Laura , Fuhrman Steven , Davenport Frank , Landsfeld Marty , Pedreros Diego , Jacob Jossy P. , Reynolds Curt , Becker-Reshef Inbal , Verdin James 
Published: February 2019

AbstractOn a planet with a population of more than 7 billion, how do we identify the millions of drought-afflicted people who face a real threat of livelihood disruption or death without humanitarian assistance? Typically, these people are poor and heavily dependent on rainfed agriculture and livestock. Most live in Africa, Central America, or Southwest Asia. When the rains fail, incomes diminish while food prices increase, cutting off the poorest (most often women and children) from access to adequate nutrition. As seen in Ethiopia in 1984 and Somalia in 2011, food shortages can lead to famine. Yet these slow-onset disasters also provide opportunities for effective intervention, as seen in Ethiopia in 2015 and Somalia in 2017. Since 1985, the U.S. Agency for International Development’s Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) has been providing evidence-based guidance for effective humanitarian relief efforts. FEWS NET depends on a Drought Early Warning System (DEWS) to help understand, monitor, model, and predict food insecurity. Here we provide an overview of FEWS NET’s DEWS using examples from recent climate extremes. While drought monitoring and prediction provides just one part of FEWS NET’s monitoring system, it draws from many disciplines—remote sensing, climate prediction, agroclimatic monitoring, and hydrologic modeling. Here we describe FEWS NET’s multiagency multidisciplinary DEWS and Food Security Outlooks. This DEWS uses diagnostic analyses to guide predictions. Midseason droughts are monitored using multiple cutting-edge Earth-observing systems. Crop and hydrologic models can translate these observations into impacts. The resulting information feeds into FEWS NET reports, helping to save lives by motivating and targeting timely humanitarian assistance.
The 2016 CEOS Infrared Radiometer Comparison: Part II: Laboratory Comparison of Radiation Thermometers
Authors: Theocharous E. , Fox N. P. , Barker-Snook I. , Niclòs R. , Santos V. Garcia , Minnett P. J. , Göttsche F. M. , Poutier L. , Morgan N. , Nightingale T. , Wimmer W. , Høyer J. , Zhang K. , Yang M. , Guan L. , Arbelo M. , Donlon C. J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractTo ensure confidence, measurements carried out by imaging radiometers mounted on satellites require robust validation using “fiducial quality” measurements of the same in situ parameter. For surface temperature measurements this is optimally carried out by radiometers measuring radiation emitted in the infrared region of the spectrum, collocated to that of a satellite overpass. For ocean surface temperatures the radiometers are usually on board ships to sample large areas but for land and ice they are typically deployed at defined geographical sites. It is of course critical that the validation measurements and associated instrumentation are internationally consistent and traceable to international standards. The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) facilitates this process and over the last two decades has organized a series of comparisons, initially to develop and share best practice, but now to assess metrological uncertainties and degree of consistency of all the participants. The fourth CEOS comparison of validation instrumentation: blackbodies and infrared radiometers, was held at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) during June and July 2016, sponsored by the European Space Agency (ESA). The 2016 campaign was completed over a period of three weeks and included not only laboratory-based measurements but also representative measurements carried out in field conditions, over land and water. This paper is one of a series and reports the results obtained when radiometers participating in this comparison were used to measure the radiance temperature of the NPL ammonia heat-pipe blackbody during the 2016 comparison activities (i.e., an assessment of radiometer performance compared to international standards). This comparison showed that the differences between the participating radiometer readings and the corresponding temperature of the reference blackbody were within the uncertainty of the measurements, but there were a few exceptions, particularly for a reference blackbody temperature of −30°C. Reasons that give rise to the discrepancies observed at the low blackbody temperatures were identified.
Verification of Two Years of CNR-ISAC Subseasonal Forecasts
Authors: Mastrangelo Daniele , Malguzzi Piero 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
The monthly forecasting system of the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the National Research Council (CNR-ISAC) of Italy is operationally run on a weekly basis in the framework of the Subseasonal-to-Seasonal (S2S) project to produce 41-member ensemble forecasts. The first two years of forecasts, covering 106 weeks from April 2015, are verified against ERA-Interim as weekly averages starting from the first forecast day. Nonprobabilistic scores of 500-hPa geopotential height and 850-hPa temperature anomalies are computed for the extratropical hemispheres. The anomaly correlation coefficient shows enhanced predictive skill during the cold months, when favorable values are occasionally obtained beyond week 2. The root-mean-square error saturates toward the climatological value between weeks 2 and 3. Reliability diagrams are used to evaluate the probabilistic forecast skill of 2-m temperature over Northern Hemisphere extratropical land points, in terms of above- and below-normal events. The forecasting system loses reliability and resolution beyond week 2, but well reproduces the observed 2-yr mean frequency up to week 4, proving to be unbiased. The reliability of the forecasting system systematically outperforms that obtained by persisting the previous week forecast. Beyond week 2, the forecast distribution of below-normal events shows low confidence. However, a reliability diagram based on equally populated bins of forecast probabilities highlights residual resolution up to week 4 at low probabilities. ROC diagrams confirm that the modeling system has greater discrimination capability for below-normal events. The reliability analysis of accumulated precipitation shows minor differences between below- and above-normal events, with lower skill than 2-m temperature.
Variability in the management of line-related upper extremity deep vein thrombosis
Authors: Cires-Drouet Rafael , Sharma Jashank , McDonald Tara , Sorkin John D , Lal Brajesh K 
Published: February 2019

Objectives Central-venous devices are risk-factors for upper extremity deep vein thrombosis. We surveyed physicians to identify practice-patterns and adherence to American College of Chest Physicians guidelines. Methods The 13-question survey obtained physician-demographics and treatment-choices. Respondents were grouped into surgical and medical specialists. Data were reported as ratios and percentages, and compared using Fisher’s exact test. Results We received 143 responses from physicians; 65% treated one-to-two new cases/month. Most physicians (69.2%) used anticoagulation; 36.4% retained the catheter and 32.9% removed it. Medical-specialists retained catheters more often than surgeons ( p = 0.027). For recurrences, 84% repeated anticoagulation; 50.3% retained the catheter. A majority anticoagulated upper-extremity deep-vein thrombosis in long-term catheters for three months only (55.1%). Direct oral anticoagulants were used frequently (43.6%). Only 10% believed that existing guidelines were appropriate and only 2.8% followed all guidelines. Conclusion There is great variability in treatment-decisions for upper-extremity deep-vein thrombosis. The existing guidelines are considered inadequate and not followed by most physicians.
Specific Association Between Religiosity and Cognitive Functions in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Jung JaeHoon , Lee Chang Hyun , Shin Kitack , Roh Daeyoung , Lee Sang-Kyu , Moon Yoo Sun , Jon Duk-In , Kim Do Hoon 
Published: February 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the specific relationship between subdomains of religious variables and cognitive functions in outpatients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: We recruited 325 patients with AD from a psychiatry outpatient clinic. The Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease and the Duke University Religion Index were used to assess cognitive functions and religiosity. We performed structural equation modeling and partial correlation analysis after controlling for demographic data. Results: The model in which religiosity beneficially affects cognitive functions showed acceptable model fit (root-mean-square error of approximation = 0.076, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.921, comparative fit index = 0.947). In the partial correlation analysis, organizational religious activity demonstrated positive relationships with memory ( r = 0.144, P = .010), language ( r = 0.149, P = .007), and constructional ability ( r = 0.191 P = .001). Nonorganizational religious activity and intrinsic religiosity were positively associated with memory ( r = 0.115, P = .040; r = 0.140, P = .012) and constructional ability ( r = 0.207, P = .000; r = 0.136, P = .015). Conclusions: The findings suggest that religiosity positively affects cognitive functions and that each religious variable is related differently to the subdomains of cognitive functions in patients with AD.