bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonic significance of the Late Carboniferous Zhunmubutai ophiolitic mélange from Xi‐Ujimqin, Inner Mongolia
Authors: Wang Guosheng , Zhou Zhiguang , Changfeng Liu , Wu Chen , Li Hongying , Jiang Tian 
Published: March 2018

The Zhunmubutai ophiolitic mélange is a newly discovered ophiolite suite located between the Solonker‐Linxi ophiolite belt and the Erenhot‐Hegenshan‐Xi‐Ujimqin ophiolite belt, the central part of Xilinhot Microcontinent (XLMC). It was composed of plagiogranite, pyroxene peridotite, pillow basaltic andesite, and associated mafic rocks and surrounded by a quartz diorite pluton and mélange zone containing sandstones and slates of Early Permian Shoushangou Formation. In this study, zircon grains from a quartz diorite and a plagiogranite yield206Pb/238U ages of 313 ± 1 Ma (MSWD = 1.60,n = 20) and 328 ± 1 Ma (MSWD = 0.9,n = 93), respectively. Sixty‐four zircons from the slate yielded ages ranging from 307 to 2,313 Ma, and with a peak at 340 Ma. These data indicate the Zhunmubutai ophiolitic mélange formed 300 to 340 Ma. The Zhunmubutai plagiogranites that have low contents of K2O (0.07–0.33 wt.%), K2O/Na2O (0.02–0.09), and Rb/Sr (0.01–0.05) show an oceanic plagiogranites affinity. They are also characterized by low contents of TiO2, Nd, Ta, and significant LREE enrichment. Furthermore, the εHf(328 Ma) values range from 14.23 to 18.87. These features suggest that the plagiogranite was originated by the anatexis of amphibolites and with crustal contamination. Combined with previous studies, suggest that the Zhunmubutai ophiolitic mélange may have formed in an extensional environment during the early stages of opening of an ocean basin.
Genetic implications for the Damajianshan W‐Cu‐As polymetallic deposit in Lvchun, Southwest China: Constraints from H–O, He–Ar, S, and Pb isotopes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Guishan , Wen Hanjie , Qin Chaojian , Li Rongxi , Zhu Chuanwei , Du Shengjiang 
Published: March 2018

The Sanjiang Tethyan domain in SE Asia is one of the most important mineral belts in China. The Damajianshan (DMJS) W‐Cu‐As polymetallic deposit is located in the southern part of Sanjiang Tethyan domain, related to Triassic quartz porphyry. Detailed exploration thereafter shows that the reserves of W, Cu, and As are 0.09, 0.42, and 0.12 Mt, respectively. The W is a typical oxyphile element and always coexisted with Sn–Li–Be–Nb–Ta. The Cu–As are typical sulphophile elements and always coexisted with Au–Ag–Pb–Zn–Sb–Hg. It is rarely reported that a deposit preserves tungsten and copper–arsenic simultaneously in the southern Sanjiang region. In this study, the S–Pb isotopic ratios of sulphides, the H–O isotopic compositions of fluid inclusions in hydrothermal quartz, and the He–Ar isotopic ratios of fluid inclusions in sulphides were analysed to constrain the origin of the DMJS deposit. Studies have shown that the δ34S values of sulphides from ores are mainly between −6.17‰ and +0.02‰; the sulphur isotope compositions indicate that the ore‐forming materials might originate from deep sources. The Pb isotope characteristics indicate that the ore metals might originate from deep sources and be closely related to the quartz porphyry. The δ18Ofluid values of ore‐forming fluids calculated from hydrothermal quartz range from −5.5‰ to +7.5‰, and the δD values of the fluid inclusions in quartz are from −81.7‰ to −50.2‰. The H–O isotope systematics indicate that the ore fluids in the DMJS deposit were probably initially sourced from magmatic water and later gradually mixed with Mesozoic meteoric water. Fluid inclusions in pyrite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, and pyrrhotite possess 3He/4He ratios of 0.02–0.05 Ra, and their 40Ar/36Ar ratios range from 562.47 to 4159.15, indicating a complete crustal fluids and with higher radiogenic 40Ar. The noble gas isotopic data, along with the stable isotopic data, suggest that the ore‐forming fluids have a deep source. The unique geologic structure of the Sanjiang Tethys tectonic metallogenic region and the evolution of ore‐forming fluids both promoted the formation of this rare DMJS deposit.
Reproducibility of myelin content‐based human habenula segmentation at 3 Tesla
Authors: Kim Joo‐Won , Naidich Thomas P. , Joseph Joshmi , Nair Divya , Glasser Matthew F. , O'halloran Rafael , Doucet Gaelle E. , Lee Won Hee , Krinsky Hannah , Paulino Alejandro , Glahn David C. , Anticevic Alan , Frangou Sophia , Xu Junqian 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn vivo morphological study of the human habenula, a pair of small epithalamic nuclei adjacent to the dorsomedial thalamus, has recently gained significant interest for its role in reward and aversion processing. However, segmenting the habenula from in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is challenging due to the habenula's small size and low anatomical contrast. Although manual and semi‐automated habenula segmentation methods have been reported, the test‐retest reproducibility of the segmented habenula volume and the consistency of the boundaries of habenula segmentation have not been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the intra‐ and inter‐site reproducibility of in vivo human habenula segmentation from 3T MRI (0.7–0.8 mm isotropic resolution) using our previously proposed semi‐automated myelin contrast‐based method and its fully‐automated version, as well as a previously published manual geometry‐based method. The habenula segmentation using our semi‐automated method showed consistent boundary definition (high Dice coefficient, low mean distance, and moderate Hausdorff distance) and reproducible volume measurement (low coefficient of variation). Furthermore, the habenula boundary in our semi‐automated segmentation from 3T MRI agreed well with that in the manual segmentation from 7T MRI (0.5 mm isotropic resolution) of the same subjects. Overall, our proposed semi‐automated habenula segmentation showed reliable and reproducible habenula localization, while its fully‐automated version offers an efficient way for large sample analysis.
A meta‐analytic review of social problem‐solving interventions in preschool settings
Authors: Barnes Tia Navelene , Wang Feihong , O'Brien Kristen Merrill 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEarly intervention is valuable in preventing negative behavioural outcomes and promoting positive social competence in young children with externalizing behaviours. Interventions that teach social problem solving (SPS) are a promising solution, as children with behavioural difficulties often have deficits in these skills. School‐based SPS programming has been shown to prevent and remediate externalizing behaviours for older children, but a summary of its effectiveness for preschoolers in early childhood settings is unavailable. The purpose of the current meta‐analytic review was to (a) provide a summary of the characteristics of current SPS instruction in preschool settings and (b) examine the effectiveness of interventions that include an SPS component in decreasing externalizing behaviours and increasing social competence among preschoolers. Using meta‐analytic review, we present common characteristics of preschool interventions that include SPS and provide evidence for the efficacy of these interventions in reducing externalizing behaviours and increasing social competence in preschoolers.Highlights

We performed a meta‐analytic review of preschool social problem‐solving interventions (SPS).
We examined both preschool‐based and home‐based reports of behavior and social competence for meta‐analysis.
We found evidence for the efficacy of interventions in reducing externalizing behavior and increasing social competence for preschool‐based reports.
Influences of cutting fluid conditions and cutting parameters on surface integrity of Inconel 718 under high‐pressure jet–assisted machining (HPJAM)
Authors: Mohsan Aziz Ul Hassan , Liu Zhanqiang , Ren Xiaoping , Liu Wentao 
Published: March 2018

AbstractCutting fluids are widely used in machining processes for cooling and lubricating the tool and workpiece interface to enhance machinability. However, the generation of machined surface under cutting fluid conditions is more complex than that under dry cutting conditions. In this study, orthogonal turning of the difficult‐to‐machine Inconel 718 alloy is conducted under dry and high‐pressure jet–assisted machining, respectively. The machining parameters and coolant conditions are investigated to optimise the surface integrity. Machining forces, microhardness, profile, and areal surface topography are analysed. Results show that a higher cutting speed of 140 m/min and a coolant pressure of 150 to 200 bar are the optimums to produce a satisfactory machined surface. High‐pressure coolant in cutting processes can lower the formation of surface deformities, improve surface integrity, and increase productivity. At a higher cutting speed and optimum coolant pressure, cutting forces are decreased, and the surface hardness as well as depth of the machining‐affected zone is depleted.
Teaching NMR spectra analysis with nmr.cheminfo.org
Authors: Patiny Luc , Bolaños Alejandro , Castillo Andrés M. , Bernal Andrés , Wist Julien 
Published: March 2018

AbstractTeaching spectra analysis and structure elucidation requires students to get trained on real problems. This involves solving exercises of increasing complexity and when necessary using computational tools. Although desktop software packages exist for this purpose, nmr.cheminfo.org platform offers students an online alternative. It provides a set of exercises and tools to help solving them. Only a small number of exercises are currently available, but contributors are invited to submit new ones and suggest new types of problems.
Super‐resolution musculoskeletal MRI using deep learning
Authors: Chaudhari Akshay S. , Fang Zhongnan , Kogan Feliks , Wood Jeff , Stevens Kathryn J. , Gibbons Eric K. , Lee Jin Hyung , Gold Garry E. , Hargreaves Brian A. 
Published: March 2018

PurposeTo develop a super‐resolution technique using convolutional neural networks for generating thin‐slice knee MR images from thicker input slices, and compare this method with alternative through‐plane interpolation methods.MethodsWe implemented a 3D convolutional neural network entitled DeepResolve to learn residual‐based transformations between high‐resolution thin‐slice images and lower‐resolution thick‐slice images at the same center locations. DeepResolve was trained using 124 double echo in steady‐state (DESS) data sets with 0.7‐mm slice thickness and tested on 17 patients. Ground‐truth images were compared with DeepResolve, clinically used tricubic interpolation, and Fourier interpolation methods, along with state‐of‐the‐art single‐image sparse‐coding super‐resolution. Comparisons were performed using structural similarity, peak SNR, and RMS error image quality metrics for a multitude of thin‐slice downsampling factors. Two musculoskeletal radiologists ranked the 3 data sets and reviewed the diagnostic quality of the DeepResolve, tricubic interpolation, and ground‐truth images for sharpness, contrast, artifacts, SNR, and overall diagnostic quality. Mann‐Whitney U tests evaluated differences among the quantitative image metrics, reader scores, and rankings. Cohen's Kappa (κ) evaluated interreader reliability.ResultsDeepResolve had significantly better structural similarity, peak SNR, and RMS error than tricubic interpolation, Fourier interpolation, and sparse‐coding super‐resolution for all downsampling factors (p < .05, except 4 × and 8 × sparse‐coding super‐resolution downsampling factors). In the reader study, DeepResolve significantly outperformed (p < .01) tricubic interpolation in all image quality categories and overall image ranking. Both readers had substantial scoring agreement (κ = 0.73).ConclusionDeepResolve was capable of resolving high‐resolution thin‐slice knee MRI from lower‐resolution thicker slices, achieving superior quantitative and qualitative diagnostic performance to both conventionally used and state‐of‐the‐art methods.
Farming system and wheat cultivar affect infestation of, and parasitism on, Cephus cinctus in the Northern Great Plains
Authors: Adhikari Subodh , Seipel Tim , Menalled Fabian D , Weaver David K 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCephus cinctus infestation causes $350 million in annual losses in the Northern Great Plains. We compared infestation and parasitism of C. cinctus in spring (including Kamut; Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum) and winter wheat cultivars grown in organic and conventional fields in Montana, USA. In the greenhouse, we compared C. cinctus preference and survival in Kamut, Gunnison, and Reeder spring wheat cultivars.RESULTSStems cut by C. cinctus varied by farming system and the seasonality of the wheat crop. No stems of Kamut in organic fields were cut by C. cinctus, but 1.5% [±0.35% standard error (SE)] of stems in conventional spring wheat, 5% (±0.70% SE) of stems in organic winter wheat, and 20% (±0.93% SE) of stems in conventional winter wheat fields were cut by C. cinctus. More larvae of C. cinctus were parasitized in organic (27 ± 0.03% SE) compared with conventional (5 ± 0.01% SE) winter wheat fields. Cephus cinctus oviposition, survival, and the number of stems cut were lowest in Kamut compared with Gunnison and Reeder.CONCLUSIONCephus cinctus infestation was more common in winter wheat than in spring wheat. Organic fields with fewer cut stems also supported more parasitoids. Kamut is a genetic resource for developing C. cinctus‐resistant cultivars. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Targeting disciplinary practices in an online learning environment
Authors: Jaber Lama Z. , Dini Vesal , Hammer David , Danahy Ethan 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe Framework for K–12 Science Education (National Research Council, 2012) outlines eight practices to represent the diverse ways scientists construct and evaluate knowledge. Engaging students in these practices is a key instructional target in the science classroom. This target, however, creates particular challenges for online instruction, which has predominantly focused on delivering content. This study shows the possibility of addressing disciplinary practices online, here in the context of a professional development course for in‐service science teachers, which we designed based on previous work in responsive teaching. We examine an episode of the participants’ engagement in an online text‐based message board and identify evidence of disciplinary practices in their work. We discuss design elements and instructional choices that supported disciplinary engagement: building instruction around learners’ ideas, developing online spaces in interaction with learners, and privileging learners’ engagement in disciplinary practices as an objective.
Improving critical thinking growth for disadvantaged groups within elementary school science: A randomized controlled trial using the Science Writing Heuristic approach
Authors: Hand Brian , Shelley Mack C. , Laugerman Marcia , Fostvedt Luke , Therrien William 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIn a cluster‐randomized study, we investigate the impact of an argument‐based approach to teaching science in elementary school on science learning and critical thinking skills. Forty‐eight schools participated in the study, with data on 9,963 students across the 2 years of the intervention. Annual standardized tests assessing science content knowledge were used to evaluate the effect of the intervention on science using a hierarchical linear model. To assess critical thinking abilities, scores for the Cornell Critical Thinking instrument were assessed for the 2,353 students in fifth grade using a multilevel model. While no statistically significant gains were found for science content, there was statistically significant evidence that the intervention was associated with an improvement in critical thinking scores (p < .05, ES = 0.167). In particular, the strongest gains were for students in the following groups: individual education plan, free and reduced price lunch, and English language learners.
Efficacy and Safety of Tadalafil 5 mg Once Daily for the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction After Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: A 2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Kim Soodong , Sung Gyung Tak 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundAlthough nerve-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (NS-RALP) is performed, a large number of patients still experience erectile dysfunction (ED) after surgery.AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of tadalafil 5 mg once daily (OaD) in ED treatment over 2 years and investigate the cause of vascular ED after NS-RARP.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 95 men who underwent NS-RARP and had a penile rehabilitation treatment with tadalafil 5 mg OaD. They were classified into 3 groups: tadalafil 5 mg OaD for 2 years (group I), tadalafil 5 mg OaD for 1 year (group II), and no tadalafil (group III). All patients in group I underwent penile color duplex ultrasound to evaluate the cause of vascular ED.OutcomesPatients were surveyed using the abridged 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5).ResultsStatistically significant improvements were observed in group I for all IIEF-5 domain scores (P = .000). There was no statistically significant difference in recovery of erectile function (EF) the 2-year follow-up between groups I and II. Sub-analysis based on NS status showed no difference in recovery of EF. However, group I showed better trends in EF improvement. Those with venogenic ED had poor responses compared with those with arteriogenic ED or unremarkable findings with tadalafil 5-mg OaD treatment (14.2% vs 55.0% vs 53.3%). The overall side effects included hot flushing in 9.5%, headache in 7.1%, and dizziness in 2.3% of patients.Clinical ImplicationsLong-term usage of tadalafil 5 mg OaD after RARP can be an effective option for penile rehabilitation.Strengths and LimitationsThe present study is a retrospective study with a relatively small sample.ConclusionsAlthough the responses of patients with venogenic ED were limited compared with those with arteriogenic ED, tadalafil 5-mg OaD treatment was well tolerated and significantly improved EF up to 2 years after NS-RARP.
What features of stigma do the public most commonly attribute to Alzheimer's disease dementia? Results of a survey of the U.S. general public
Authors: Stites Shana D. , Rubright Jonathan D. , Karlawish Jason 
Published: March 2018

AbstractIntroductionUnderstanding the prevalence of beliefs, attitudes, and expectations about Alzheimer's disease dementia in the public could inform strategies to mitigate stigma.MethodsRandom sample of 317 adults from the U.S. public was analyzed to understand reactions toward a man with mild‐stage Alzheimer's disease dementia.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, over half of respondents expected the person to be discriminated against by employers (55.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 47.0–65.2) and be excluded from medical decision‐making (55.3%; 95% CI = 46.9–65.4). Almost half expected his health insurance would be limited based on data in the medical record (46.6%; 95% CI = 38.0–57.2), a brain imaging result (45.6%, 95% CI = 37.0–56.3), or genetic test result (44.7%; 95% CI = 36.0–55.4).DiscussionPublic education and policies are needed to address concerns about employment and insurance discrimination. Studies are needed to discover how advances in diagnosis and treatment may change Alzheimer's disease stigma.
Urine Culture on Admission Impacts Antibiotic Use and Length of Stay: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Horstman Molly J. , Spiegelman Andrew M. , Naik Aanand D. , Trautner Barbara W. 
Published: March 2018

OBJECTIVETo examine the impact of urine culture testing on day 1 of admission on inpatient antibiotic use and hospital length of stay (LOS).DESIGNWe performed a retrospective cohort study using a national dataset from 2009 to 2014.SETTINGThe study used data from 230 hospitals in the United States.PARTICIPANTSAdmissions for adults 18 years and older were included in this study. Hospitalizations were matched with coarsened exact matching by facility, patient age, gender, Medicare severity-diagnosis related group (MS-DRG), and 3 measures of disease severity.METHODSA multilevel Poisson model and a multilevel linear regression model were used to determine the impact of an admission urine culture on inpatient antibiotic use and LOS.RESULTSMatching produced a cohort of 88,481 patients (n=41,070 with a culture on day 1, n=47,411 without a culture). A urine culture on admission led to an increase in days of inpatient antibiotic use (incidence rate ratio, 1.26; P<.001) and resulted in an additional 36,607 days of inpatient antibiotic treatment. Urine culture on admission resulted in a 2.1% increase in LOS (P=.004). The predicted difference in bed days of care between admissions with and without a urine culture resulted in 6,071 additional bed days of care. The impact of urine culture testing varied by admitting diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSPatients with a urine culture sent on day 1 of hospital admission receive more days of antibiotics and have a longer hospital stay than patients who do not have a urine culture. Targeted interventions may reduce the potential harms associated with low-yield urine cultures on day 1.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:547–554
“No country but the ocean”: Reading International Law from the Deck of an Indian Ocean Dhow, ca. 1900
Authors: Bishara Fahad Ahmad 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper engages in a microhistory of international law, grounded in the contests surrounding theMuscat Dhowscase brought by Great Britain against France in 1905. At the heart of the case was the question of whether the French consul had the right to grant flags and navigation passes to dhows from the southern Omani port of Sur that were suspected of transporting slaves. The case became foundational to studies of the law of the sea, and the ruling is still cited in footnotes in law school textbooks. Buried in the case's proceedings, however, are a series of petitions by the dhow captains that give historians a window into the legal imaginaries of Indian Ocean mariners in an age of empire. Through a close reading of the petitions, I explore how captains located themselves within an imperial legal geography, and appropriated legal technologies—passes and flags—to help them shape the legal possibilities of a changing political and economic seascape. I argue that the claims the captains articulated and the practices they engaged in at sea reveal a maritime legal culture at work, one animated by a long history of encountering regional and global empires at sea. Their documentary practices illuminate how they engaged in and domesticated a body of international law, and illustrate how the regime manifested itself in an ocean that ran thick with legal idioms.