bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brachial plexus nerve injury and repair in a rabbit model part II: Does middle trunk injury result in loss of biceps function while repair results in recovery of biceps function
Authors: Kollitz Kathleen M. , Friedrich Patricia F. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThere is conflicting anatomic and innervation data regarding the rabbit brachial plexus injury model. This study aims to validate a rabbit brachial plexus injury model. We hypothesize the middle trunk (C6, C7) is the primary innervation of the biceps, and when cut and unrepaired, would demonstrate lack of recovery and when repaired would demonstrate evidence of recovery.Materials and MethodsTwenty two male New Zealand white rabbits (3–4 kg) underwent unilateral surgical division of the middle trunk. Five rabbits were randomly assigned to the “no‐repair” group while the remaining 17 rabbits underwent direct coaptation (“repair” group). Rabbits were followed for 12 weeks, with ultrasound measurement of biceps cross‐sectional area performed preoperatively, and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. At a euthanasia procedure, bilateral compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and isometric tetanic force (ITF) were measured. Bilateral biceps muscles were harvested and wet muscle weight was recorded. The operative side was expressed as a percentage of the non‐operated side, and differences between the no repair and repair rabbits were statistically compared.ResultsThe repair group demonstrated significantly higher CMA (23.3 vs. 0%, p < .05), ITF (25.6 vs. 0%, p < .05), and wet muscle weight (65.8 vs. 52.0%, p < .05) as compared to the unrepaired group. At 4 weeks postoperatively, ultrasound‐measured cross‐sectional area of the biceps demonstrated atrophy in both groups. At 12 weeks, the repair group had a significantly larger cross‐sectional area as compared to the no‐repair group (89.1 vs. 59.3%, p < .05).ConclusionsThis injury model demonstrated recovery with repair and lack of function without repair. Longer survival time is recommended for future investigations.
Perinatal incontinence: Psychometric evaluation of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Urinary Incontinence Short Form and Wexner Scale
Authors: Slavin Valerie , Gamble Jenny , Creedy Debra K. , Fenwick Jennifer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAimThe International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire—Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ‐UI SF) and the Wexner Scale have been included in the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement core outcome set during pregnancy and childbirth, to measure urinary and anal incontinence. The reliability and validity of these instruments have not been fully evaluated in maternity populations. The aim of this study was to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the ICIQ‐UI SF and Wexner Scale.MethodsConsecutive pregnant women (n = 309) who booked for care at one Australian birth facility between August 2017 and April 2018 completed the online surveys. Women who screened positive for urinary and/or anal incontinence were administered the ICIQ‐UI SF and/or Wexner Scale during pregnancy (
<27 and 36‐weeks) and postpartum (6 and 26‐weeks). Scale internal consistency, construct validity, and responsiveness were evaluated.FindingsIn women with urinary incontinence, the ICIQ‐UI SF demonstrated good internal consistency during pregnancy (baseline and 36 weeks) and 6‐weeks postpartum (mean inter‐item correlation: 0.47, 0.39, and 0.46, respectively), recorded significant change across three time‐points, and was sensitive to group differences in age and obesity during pregnancy. Wexner Scale was unsuitable for psychometric analysis due to insufficient numbers of women with anal incontinence.ConclusionThe ICIQ‐UI SF is a valid and reliable instrument to measure urinary incontinence during pregnancy and postpartum. The findings support the inclusion of the ICIQ‐UI SF in the International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement core outcome set for use during the perinatal period. Psychometric analysis of the Wexner Scale in larger maternity populations is recommended.
Effectiveness of a newly developed online self‐management program for male patients with uncomplicated lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Blanker Marco H. , Admiraal Anja , Brandenbarg Pim , Steffens Martijn G. , van Balken Michael R. , Mulder Henk‐Jan , van der Worp Henk 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTAimsTo explore the effect of an online self‐management program in secondary care for men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).MethodsWe performed a prospective nonrandomized double‐cohort pilot study of consecutive adult men referred with uncomplicated LUTS to three urology outpatient departments. Men in both cohorts received care as usual from a urologist, but men in the intervention cohort also had access to an online self‐management program. Outcomes were assessed after 6 and 12 weeks: LUTS severity was assessed with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the Overactive Bladder Questionnaire (OABq), and the Perceived Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I). The main outcome of interest was a clear improvement in the PGI‐I scores (“much better” or “very much better”).ResultsAge, symptom severity, and quality of life scores were comparable between the intervention (n = 113) and standard care (n = 54) cohorts. Clear improvement in the PGI‐I scores was reported after 12 weeks in 19.4% and 26.1% of men in the intervention and standard care cohorts, respectively. However, logistic regression analysis indicated that the difference between cohorts was not significant. Multivariable linear regression analysis also indicated no significant differences between cohorts for the IPSS or the OABq score at either assessment point. Notably, the uptake of the intervention was low (53%).ConclusionsWe found no significant benefit from adding an online self‐management program to standard care for men with LUTS, probably due to the low uptake of the intervention that may have resulted from the timing in the care pathway.
Light‐driven atom transfer radical polymerization on supramolecular complexes of conjugated polymers and single‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Fong Darryl , Yeung Jason , Lang Alice , Adronov Alex 
Published: August 2019

ABSTRACTPrevious approaches used to decorate latently reactive conjugated polymer‐coated carbon nanotube complexes have utilized “grafting‐to” strategies. Here, we coat the carbon nanotube surface with a conjugated polymer whose side chains contain the radical initiator, α‐bromoisobutyrate, which enables atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from the polymer–nanotube surface. Using light to generate Cu(I) in situ, ATRP is used to grow narrow dispersity polymer chains from the polymer–nanotube surface. We confirm the successful polymerization of (meth)acrylates from the polymer–nanotube surface using a combination of gel permeation chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. Strikingly, we demonstrate that nanotube optoelectronic properties are preserved after radical‐mediated polymer grafting using Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence mapping. Overall, this work elucidates a method to grow narrow dispersity polymer chains from the polymer–nanotube surface using light‐driven radical chemistry, with concurrent preservation of nanotube optoelectronic properties. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 2015–2020
Cu–Catalyzed C5 Nitration of Indolines under Mild Conditions
Authors: Gao Shanshan , Ma Yaorui , Tang Hao , Luo Junfei , Wang Kuan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA Cu‐catalyzed remote C—H nitration of indolines by the use of cheap and green tert‐butyl nitrite as an organo‐nitro surrogate has been reported. The reactions were performed at room temperature under air conditions without any other oxidant. The method exhibited high regioselective, direct nitration of indolines at the C5 position.
Analyzing the role of metacognitive awareness in preservice chemistry teachers' understanding of gas behavior in a multirepresentational instruction setting
Authors: Adadan Emine 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis mixed‐method study examined the influence of metacognitive awareness on the change in preservice chemistry teachers' understandings of gas behavior in the context of multirepresentational (MR) instruction. The goal was to describe the types of understanding of gas behavior held by a group of participants with high metacognitive awareness (MA) and a group with low MA before and after the MR instruction. A total of 34 preservice chemistry teachers participated in the study. Data sources included the metacognitive awareness inventory and the two‐tier nature of gases diagnostic questionnaire. Data from these sources were coded and analyzed using quantitative and qualitative methods. A statistically significant difference was observed for the understanding of gas behavior before the MR instruction between the participants with high MA and those with low MA. Both groups of participants exhibited substantial progress toward a scientific understanding from pre‐ to post‐instruction. However, the participants with high MA outperformed those with low MA in terms of developing a more scientific understanding of gas behavior after the MR instruction. In addition, following the MR instruction, while the participants with high MA eliminated 85% of their alternative conceptions, the participants with low MA eliminated only about 60% of their alternative conceptions.
Laminar‐turbulent transition detection on airfoils by high‐frequency microphone measurements
Authors: Özçakmak Özge Sinem , Sørensen Niels Nørmark , Madsen Helge Aagaard , Sørensen Jens Nørkaer 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn the present work, various data processing methods for laminar to turbulent transition detection on airfoils are assessed based on experimental data. For this purpose, NACA 63‐418 airfoil profile with surface microphones flush mounted both on the suction and the pressure side is used in the wind tunnel experiments. Reynolds numbers are changed in the range from 1.6·106 to 6·106 for various angles of attack. In this way, the transition behaviour of the airfoil is characterized. Time signals and spectrogram of the data, chordwise pressure level changes, and first moments are investigated. Standard deviations of pressure are observed to exhibit a peak at transition and slightly decreases for the fully turbulent flow staying always higher than the laminar flow. The most robust method to detect the transition location is found to be the characteristic frequency approach by spectral moments provided that the inflow turbulence is low. The numerical results are in agreement with experimental results on the pressure side where natural transition occurs. However, the transition due to surface irregularity and microphone placement occurs on the suction side. This cannot be predicted by the numerical tools. The Tollmien‐Schlichting wave frequencies and neutral curve points are determined from the experiments. The analysis shows that the most common curve length of the transition process is around 15% to 20%, and it can vary between 0% to 30 % of the chord. Increasing the Reynolds number leads to an earlier transition position closer to leading edge at both upper and lower surfaces.
Impact of vegetation selection on nitrogen and phosphorus processing in bioretention containers
Authors: Muerdter Claire P. , Smith Daniel J. , Davis Allen P. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA year‐long bioretention container study in Maryland, USA, measured the relationship between three plant species (Eutrochium dubium, Iris versicolor, and Juncus effusus) and N (, , , total nitrogen [TN], total dissolved nitrogen [TDN], dissolved organic nitrogen, particulate organic nitrogen [PON]) and total phosphorus (TP) removal from synthetic stormwater. Statistically significant removal was only found for and TP. Plant‐independent removal occurred 9 months after planting, and then changed to removal only by the least‐densely planted Juncus treatment. Removal in higher‐density Juncus plantings was suspected to be limited by preferential pathways created by high root density. Juncus’ low‐density removal success correlates with its high growth rate, root mass and length, and large biomass, matching previous literature. TP removal was plant‐independent. Shoot harvesting of one plant of each species after 1 year would remove 0.61 g N. Of the plant species in this study, Juncus effusus is most highly recommended for bioretention for its nutrient removal dynamics and year‐round green aesthetics.Practitioner Points

Only the one‐Juncus density treatment had significant removal.

All Juncus treatments as well as non‐Juncus treatments prevented the PON, TN, or TDN export seen in the No‐plants control.

TP removal was plant‐independent.

Juncus had the greatest biomass increase and biomass N. Shoots contain the majority of biomass N for each plant species.

Juncus and Iris had high survivorship. Joe Pye had low survivorship. These, and all other study results, need field‐scale verification.
Residues from the dairy industry as co‐substrate for the flexibilization of digester operation
Authors: Hubert Christian , Steiniger Bettina , Schaum Christian 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWater resource recovery facilities (WRRF) can make an important contribution to increase the share of renewable energies in Germany. In this context, it is important to utilize unused digester capacities on WRRF. In addition, a demand‐orientated biogas production could synchronize electricity demand and electricity generation and improve the overall energetic balance of the WRRF. As part of the project “Water Resource Recovery Facilities in interaction with the waste and energy industry: A German‐Austrian Dialogue – COMITO,” the influence of residues from the dairy industry on the digestion process was examined as well as the suitability for the flexibilization of digester gas production. Four reactors were fed with different amounts of flotation sludge from the dairy industry for several months. The difference in the feed resulted in organic loading (OLR) rates between 3.2 kg COD/(m3 day) and 6 kg COD/(m3 day). The reactors were fed with a daily shock load. The investigations showed that volumetric loads up to 4.4 kg COD/(m3 day) did not lead to an accumulation of organic acids. Organic loading rate of 6 kg COD/(m3 day) showed a significant accumulation of organic acids higher than 2,500 mg/L oHAc. Nevertheless, the reactor could be operated with a degradation rate of 71% with a corresponding biogas yield with a methane content of 71%. With increasing flotation sludge content, a higher concentration in ammonium of up to 2.000 mg/L NH4‐N could be detected in the effluent of the digester. Despite higher phosphorus concentration in the flotation sludge, the concentration of PO4‐P remained constant for all reactors fluctuating between 20 and 40 mg/L PO4‐P. Dewatering worsened significantly with increasing levels of flotation sludge.Practitioner points

Main purpose of the research is to flexibilize digester operation on WRRF using flotation sludges from the dairy industry.

Flexibilization of the digester using flotation sludge is possible up to an organic load of 6 kg COD/(m3 day).

Higher NH4‐N concentration in the effluent of the digester must be accepted when using higher amounts of flotation sludge.

Phosphate concentration in the effluent of the digester remained on a low level despite higher phosphorus content in the flotation sludge.

High levels of organic acids (mainly acetic acid) can be tolerated and can be recovered within a short time after reducing the load.
Analysis of ranking data
Authors: Yu Philip L. H. , Gu Jiaqi , Xu Hang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractRanking is one of the simple and efficient data collection techniques to understand individuals' perception and preferences for some items such as products, people, and species. Ranking data are frequently collected when individuals are asked to rank a set of items according to a certain preference criterion. Over the years, many statistical models and methods have been developed for analyzing ranking data. This paper will give a literature review of these models and methods and present the recent advances of the analysis of ranking data.This article is categorized under:Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Nonparametric Methods
Intergroup Dialogue: Engaging Difference for Social Change Leadership Development
Authors: Nagda Biren (Ratnesh) A. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis chapter focuses on intergroup dialogue (IGD)—a facilitated, colearning space among people from diverse backgrounds—as an exemplar of sociocultural conversations. IGD communication processes, pedagogy, and praxis principles are discussed to guide educators to infuse IGD practices in leadership development programs.
Bipolar clavicular fractures and treatment options
Authors: de Ruiter Kristian J. , Gardenbroek Tjibbe J. , Bos Kelly , van Heijl Mark , Halm Jens A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Introduction
Fractures of the clavicle are common injuries, accounting 2.6–4% of all fractures in adults. Of these fractures, 21–28% are lateral clavicle fractures and 2–3% are medial clavicle fractures. Bipolar clavicle fractures are defined as a lateral and medial fracture and are uncommon. There is no consensus on the treatment of these fractures. The aim of this study is to provide a treatment on bipolar clavicle fractures based on the current literature.

Methods
The electronic databases PubMed, the Cochrane library and EMBASE were searched up on September 25th, 2017. Two reviewers (KR and TG) independently screened titles and abstracts for their relevance. Studies designed to evaluate the outcomes of conservative and/or operative treatment of segmental bipolar clavicle fractures in adults (> 16 years) were included. Editorials and commentaries were excluded, as well as synthetic, cadaveric and animal studies. Primary outcomes considered were pain reduction and shoulder function. Secondary outcomes considered are complications.

Results
Ten studies reporting results from ten patients were included for the review. In most patients, if treated operatively, surgical treatment with the use of double plating was performed. Only in elderly patients conservative treatment was adopted. All included patients were pain free and had a full range of motion after 3–6 months. Only two case reports provided a DASH score, while in eight studies no functional outcome score was measured.

Conclusion
A missed bipolar fracture can complicate the clinical progress. Surgical management of these fractures may be necessary; however, the treatment of choice depends on the age of the patient, daily activities and comorbidity.
Features of urine S100B and its ability to rule out intracranial hemorrhage in patients with head trauma: a prospective trial
Authors: Vedin Tomas , Karlsson Mathias , Edelhamre Marcus , Bergenheim Mikael , Larsson Per-Anders 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Purpose
Traumatic brain injury causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. S100B is the most documented emergency brain biomarker and its urine-assay might be advantageous because of easier sampling. The primary aim was to evaluate urine S100B’s ability to rule out intracranial hemorrhage. Secondary aims included S100B temporal pattern for 48 h post-trauma and chemical properties of urine that affect urine S100B.

Methods
Patients with head trauma were sampled for serum and urine S100B. Patients who were admitted for intracranial hemorrhage were sampled for 48 h to assess S100B-level, renal function, urine-pH, etc.

Results
The negative predictive value of serum S100B was 97.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 89.5–99.2%] and that of urine S100B was 89.1% (95% CI 85.5–91.9%). The specificity of serum S100B was 34.4% (95% CI 27.7–41.6%) and that of urine was 67.1% (95% CI 59.4–74.1%). Urine-pH correlated strongly with urine S100B during the first 6-h post-trauma. Trend-analysis of receiver operator characteristics of S100B in serum, urine the arithmetic difference between serum and urine S100B showed the largest area under the curve for arithmetic difference, which had a negative predictive value of 93.1% (95% CI 89.1–95.8%) and a specificity of 71.8% (95% CI 64.4–78.4%).

Conclusion
This study cannot support ruling out intracranial hemorrhage with urine S100B. Urine-pH might affect urine S100B and merits further studies. Serum and urine S100B have poor concordance and interchangeability. The arithmetic difference had a slightly better area under the curve and can be worth exploring in certain subgroups.
Mixed Olfactory Neuroblastoma and Adenocarcinoma with In Situ Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia
Authors: Attwood Jonathan E. , Jeyaretna Deva Sanjeeva , Sheerin Fintan , Shah Ketan A. 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant neoplasm arising from the superior aspect of the nasal vault. Cases are characterised by insidious clinical presentation and high rates of recurrence despite surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. There are a small number of reports showing ONB with divergent epithelial or ganglionic differentiation, and ONB has also been found to coincide with adenocarcinoma. We present a case of mixed ONB with adenocarcinoma. The clinical presentation was unusual, with a tonic–clonic seizure preceded by chronic headache and anosmia. Imaging revealed a mass extending from the olfactory recess of the left nasal cavity through the cribriform plate to the anterior cranial fossa. The pathology demonstrated intraepithelial neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia in the left olfactory groove. This finding provides a unique insight into the cellular origin of this rare tumour, and appears to confirm the theory that ONB arises from neural stem cells in the olfactory neuroepithelium. Despite radical treatment, the patient suffered a distant recurrence within 1 year of treatment, which underlines the aggressive nature of this tumour.
Efficacy and safety of a novel antimicrobial preoperative skin preparation
Authors: Crnich Christopher J. , Pop-Vicas Aurora E. , Hedberg Thomas G. , Perl Trish M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjective:Alternatives to skin preparation with conventional preoperative antiseptics are required because of adverse reactions and the potential emergence of resistance. Here, we present 2 phase 2 studies of ZuraGard (ZG), a novel formulation of isopropyl alcohol and functional excipients developed for preoperative skin antisepsis.Methods:Microbial skin flora on abdominal and inguinal sites in healthy volunteers were quantitatively assessed following application of ZG versus a negative control (ZV) and a chlorhexidine/alcohol preparation, Chloraprep (CP). In trial 1, ZG administered for both recommended and abbreviated application times was compared with CP and ZV via bacterial reductions at 10 minutes, and 6 hours, 12 hours, and 24 hours following application. In trial 2, the 10-minute postapplication responder rates (RRs) for ZG, participants with abdominal ≥2 log10 per cm2, and inguinal ≥3 log10 per cm2 reductions in colony-forming units (CFU) were compared to RRs of participants treated with CP.Results:In trial 1, ZG at the recommended application time reduced mean bacterial counts by ~3.18 log10 CFU/cm2 and ~2.98 log10 CFU/cm2 at abdominal and inguinal sites, respectively. Qualitatively similar reductions were observed for the abbreviated ZG application time and all CP applications. Application of ZV was ineffective. In trial 2, 10-minute RRs for ZG and CP exceeded 90% at abdominal sites. At inguinal sites, RRs were 83.3% for ZG and 86.7% for CP. No skin irritation or other adverse events were observed.Conclusions:ZG matched CP efficacy under these experimental conditions with immediate and persistent microbial reductions, including abbreviated application times. Further clinical studies of this novel preoperative antiseptic are merited.