bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Benefits of the TimeSlips Creative Storytelling Program for Persons With Varying Degrees of Dementia Severity
Authors: Vigliotti Alyssa A. , Chinchilli Vernon M. , George Daniel R. 
Published: October 2018

Objectives: To evaluate the benefits of TimeSlips, a group creative storytelling intervention used in residential care settings, on quality of life (QOL), interactions with caregivers, and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores for persons with varying degrees of dementia severity. Design: A mixed-methods approach was used weekly over a 6-month period to measure QOL and resident–caregiver relationships. Setting: A dementia care unit in Pennsylvania. Participants: Twenty-two residents with mild-to-severe dementia. Measurements: Dementia severity and QOL were assessed using the MMSE and Greater Cincinnati Chapter Well-Being Observational Tool. Resident–caregiver interactions were analyzed using a modified version of the Quality of Interactions Schedule. Semistructured interviews were conducted upon the study’s conclusion. Results: Quantitatively, participants initially classified with mild–moderate dementia were significantly more likely to experience positive benefits compared to those initially classified with severe dementia. There were no significant changes in dementia severity over time. There was also no change in QOL or resident–caregiver relationships for those with mild–moderate dementia over time, although there was a decrease in certain measures of QOL and resident–caregiver relationships for those with severe dementia. Qualitative analysis identified consistent benefits for residents with both mild–moderate and severe dementia over time. Conclusions: Mixed-methods analyses helped identify benefits of TimeSlips for persons at all levels of dementia severity, but particularly for those with milder dementia. Such an observation helps demonstrate how arts-based programs like TimeSlips can uniquely benefit people with advanced memory impairments and thereby support QOL.
Developing informed consent materials for non-English-speaking participants: An analysis of four professional firm translations from English to Spanish
Authors: Brelsford Kathleen Marie , Ruiz Ernesto , Beskow Laura 
Published: October 2018

Background/Aims: An increasing body of research is being conducted with non-English-speaking subjects. Study-related materials, including those essential for obtaining informed consent, must often be translated from English into other languages. In this study, we sought to examine the types of issues that may arise when consent materials are translated from English to Spanish. Methods: Drawing on expertise from five individuals associated with our research team, four of whom are native Spanish speakers of different dialects of Spanish, we crafted translations of our own consent materials for biobanking using a rigorous, multi-step process involving both forward and back translation. We then systematically compared our translations to those produced by four professional translation firms to identify potential concerns in our own and the professional translations. Results: We identified three primary types of problems of relevance for researchers conducting studies where translation of written information is required. These included nonequivalent registers (in particular, the introduction of more complicated language), errors of omission (reducing the clarity of the information), and changes that altered the substantive meaning of the information. Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of working with translators who not only possess “textbook” knowledge of both languages but also an appreciation of the sociocultural factors that affect how people interpret and understand meaning. Moreover, translators who have a basic understanding of research are more likely to accurately convey essential research concepts. We describe a series of steps researchers can take that may help to improve the quality of translated materials.
Cost-effectiveness of sacral nerve stimulation and percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence
Authors: Hounsome Natalia , Roukas Chris 
Published: October 2018

Background: Subcutaneous sacral nerve stimulation is recommended by the United Kingdom (UK) National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as a second-line treatment for patients with faecal incontinence who failed conservative therapy. Sacral nerve stimulation is an invasive procedure associated with complications and reoperations. This study aimed to investigate whether delivering less invasive and less costly percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation prior to sacral nerve stimulation is cost-effective. Methods: A decision analytic model was developed to estimate the cost-effectiveness of percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation with subsequent subcutaneous sacral nerve stimulation versus subcutaneous sacral nerve stimulation alone. The model was populated with effectiveness data from systematic reviews and cost data from randomized studies comparing both procedures in a UK National Health Service (NHS) setting. Results: Offering percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation prior to sacral nerve stimulation (compared with delivering sacral nerve stimulation straight away) was both more effective and less costly in all modeled scenarios. The estimated savings from offering percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation first were £662–£5,697 per patient. The probability of this strategy being cost-effective was around 80% at £20,000–£30,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Conclusion: Our analyses suggest that offering patients percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation prior to sacral nerve stimulation can be both cost-effective and cost-saving in the treatment of faecal incontinence.
‘Blood in pee’ campaign: Increased demand on secondary care with no change in cancers diagnosed
Authors: Patel Kunjan , Hall Susan Jane , Shraddha Kamath , Stanford Richard , Williams Simon , Lund Jon 
Published: October 2018

Objective: As part of the national Be Clear on Cancer campaign, the ‘blood in pee’ campaign was launched in 2013. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the campaign on 2-week wait (2WW) referrals and the resulting diagnoses of malignancy at a single trust, and secondly, to evaluate the socio-economic background of patients referred. Patients and methods: Suspected cancer 2WW patients in the 3 months pre- and post-campaign were included. Demographics, investigations and diagnoses were recorded. A Kolmogorov–Smirnov test demonstrated a normal distribution. The data were treated as parametric and analysed with the unpaired Student’s t-test. Results: Referrals for visible haematuria significantly increased by 52% from 135 pre-campaign to 205 post-campaign ( p = 0.03). There was a fall in the proportion of patients diagnosed with malignancy from 20.27% pre-campaign to 15.36% post-campaign. The mean index of multiple deprivation score of referrals did not change: p = 0.43. Conclusion: This campaign has increased referrals without increasing the proportion of malignancies diagnosed, placing large demand on services without benefit or extra funding. Nor has the campaign effectively reached deprived socio-economic groups. There is little evidence as to the efficacy of untargeted cancer awareness campaigns and further work is needed to improve their pick-up of malignancies. Level of evidence: 2C
Lived Experiences of Iranian Cancer Patients After Survival: A Phenomenological Research
Authors: Abdollahimohammad Abdolghani , Firouzkouhi Mohammadreza , Naderifar Mahin 
Published: October 2018

Background: There are significant issues in the treatment of cancer patients. Despite these issues, there is still room to explore unique lived experiences after survival. Aim: This study aimed to explore the experiences of cancer survivors after chemotherapy. Method: A descriptive phenomenological study was conducted in Zabol, Iran. A purposeful sample of 15 cancer survivors was selected to gather data using semistructured interviews. Colaizzi’s method was used for data analysis. Results: Four themes were extracted from the interviews. These were altered body image, mood swings, uncertain and dark future, and choosing a solitary lifestyle. Conclusion: Cancer patients experience various physical, psychological, and social changes including stress, anger, nervousness, despair, worthlessness, depression, social isolation, and even the wish to die after chemotherapy.
Discovery of Se-rich canfieldite, Ag8Sn(S,Se)6, from the Shuangjianzishan Ag–Pb–Zn deposit, NE China: A multimethodic chemical and structural study
Authors: Zhai Degao , Bindi Luca , Voudouris Panagiotis C. , Liu Jiajun , Tombros Stylianos F. , Li Kuan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDuring a study of the ore minerals belonging to the recently discovered Shuangjianzishan Ag–Pb–Zn deposit in NE China, we have discovered exceptional selenium enrichment in canfieldite (up to 11.6 wt.% of Se). Incorporation of Se into canfieldite has been investigated by an integrated approach using field emission scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Canfieldite has been identified as one of the dominant Ag-bearing ore minerals in the studied deposit, which occurs mostly in slate-hosted vein type Ag–Pb–Zn ore bodies. Selenium is either homogeneously or, remarkably, heterogeneously distributed in the different canfieldite fragments studied. Chemical variations of Se are mostly attributable to a series of retrograde reactions resulting in diverse decomposition and exsolution of primary phases during cooling, or alternatively, related to influxes of Se-rich fluids during the formation of canfieldite. To evaluate the effects of the Se-for-S substitution in the structure, a crystal of Se-rich canfieldite [Ag7.98Sn1.02(S4.19Se1.81)Σ6.00] was investigated. The unit-cell parameters are:a= 10.8145(8) Å andV= 1264.8(3) Å3. The structure was refined in the space groupF$\bar{4}$3mtoR1= 0.0315 for 194 independent reflections, with 20 parameters. The crystal structure of Se-rich canfieldite was found to be topologically identical to that of pure canfieldite. If the short Ag–Ag contacts are ignored (due to the disorder), the two Ag atoms in the structure can be considered as three-fold (Ag1) and four-fold (Ag2) coordinated. Tin adopts a regular tetrahedral coordination. As in the case of Te-rich canfieldite, the refinement of the site-occupancy factor indicates that Se is disordered over the three anion positions.
Microbiological testing of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia: an international study
Authors: Carugati Manuela , Aliberti Stefano , Reyes Luis Felipe , Franco Sadud Ricardo , Irfan Muhammad , Prat Cristina , Soni Nilam J. , Faverio Paola , Gori Andrea , Blasi Francesco , Restrepo Marcos I. 
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to describe real-life microbiological testing of adults hospitalised with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and to assess concordance with the 2007 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA)/American Thoracic Society (ATS) and 2011 European Respiratory Society (ERS) CAP guidelines.This was a cohort study based on the Global Initiative for Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusPneumonia (GLIMP) database, which contains point-prevalence data on adults hospitalised with CAP across 54 countries during 2015.In total, 3702 patients were included. Testing was performed in 3217 patients, and included blood culture (71.1%), sputum culture (61.8%),Legionellaurinary antigen test (30.1%), pneumococcal urinary antigen test (30.0%), viral testing (14.9%), acute-phase serology (8.8%), bronchoalveolar lavage culture (8.4%) and pleural fluid culture (3.2%). A pathogen was detected in 1173 (36.5%) patients. Testing attitudes varied significantly according to geography and disease severity. Testing was concordant with IDSA/ATS and ERS guidelines in 16.7% and 23.9% of patients, respectively. IDSA/ATS concordance was higher in Europe than in North America (21.5%versus9.8%; p<0.01), while ERS concordance was higher in North America than in Europe (33.5%versus19.5%; p<0.01).Testing practices of adults hospitalised with CAP varied significantly by geography and disease severity. There was a wide discordance between real-life testing practices and IDSA/ATS/ERS guideline recommendations.
Strengthening information technology security through the failure modes and effects analysis approach
Authors: Asllani Arben , Lari Alireza , Lari Nasim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractProper protection of information systems is a major quality issue of organizational risk management. Risk management is a process whereby risk factors are identified and then virtually eliminated. Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) is a risk management methodology for identifying system’s failure modes with their effects and causes. FMEA identifies potential weaknesses in the system. This approach allows companies to correct areas identified through the process before the system fails. In this paper, we identify several critical failure factors that may jeopardize the security of information systems. In doing this, we systematically identify, analyze, and document the possible failure modes and the possible effects of each failure on the system. The proposed cybersecurity FMEA (C-FMEA) process results in a detailed description of how failures influence the system’s performance and how they can be avoided. The applicability of the proposed C-FMEA is illustrated with an example from a regional airport.
The forgotten foundations: in core mental health services, no one can hear you scream
Authors: Moore Andrew 
Published: October 2018

SummaryThe Five Year Forward View for Mental Health (FYFVMH) was a welcome development in the emerging ‘Parity of Esteem’ agenda, but focused mainly on a select few specialist services; much more limited attention was given to ‘core’ general adult and older age mental health services, such as community mental health teams, crisis teams and in-patient units. This relative policy vacuum, when combined with prolonged financial pressures and limited informatics, has left core services vulnerable and struggling to meet growing demands, with little sense of hope, in contrast to some of the newer, ‘shiny’ specialist services growing around them. Policy makers need to recognise the growing crisis and take action, ensuring that any sequel to the FYFVMH redresses this imbalance by clearly prioritising core services as the vital foundations of the larger whole-system. The potential benefits are huge and wide-ranging, but the harms of a second missed opportunity are perhaps even greater.Declaration of interestA.M. works in a National Health Service general adult community mental health team and is an elected member of the Royal College of Psychiatrists General Adult Faculty Executive Committee.
Reducing the Number of Unnecessary Thyroid Biopsies While Improving Diagnostic Accuracy: Toward the “Right” TIRADS
Authors: Grani Giorgio , Lamartina Livia , Ascoli Valeria , Bosco Daniela , Biffoni Marco , Giacomelli Laura , Maranghi Marianna , Falcone Rosa , Ramundo Valeria , Cantisani Vito , Filetti Sebastiano , Durante Cosimo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractContextThe prevalence of thyroid nodules in the general population is increasingly high, and at least half of those biopsied prove to be benign. Sonographic risk-stratification systems are being proposed as “rule-out” tests that can identify nodules that do not require fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology.ObjectiveTo comparatively assess the performances of five internationally endorsed sonographic classification systems [those of the American Thyroid Association, the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American College of Radiology (ACR), the European Thyroid Association, and the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology] in identifying nodules whose FNAs can be safely deferred and to estimate their negative predictive values (NPVs).DesignProspective study of thyroid nodules referred for FNA.SettingSingle academic referral center.PatientsFour hundred seventy-seven patients (358 females, 75.2%); mean (SD) age, 55.9 (13.9) years.Main Outcome MeasuresNumber of biopsies classified as unnecessary, false-negative rate (FNR), sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and diagnostic ORs for each system.ResultsApplication of the systems’ FNA criteria would have reduced the number of biopsies performed by 17.1% to 53.4%. The ACR Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) allowed the largest reduction (268 of 502) with the lowest FNR (NPV, 97.8%; 95% CI, 95.2% to 99.2%). Except for the Korean Society of Thyroid Radiology TIRADS, all other systems exhibited significant discriminatory performance but produced significantly smaller reductions in the number of procedures.ConclusionsInternationally endorsed sonographic risk stratification systems vary widely in their ability to reduce the number of unnecessary thyroid nodule FNAs. The ACR TIRADS outperformed the others, classifying more than half the biopsies as unnecessary with a FNR of 2.2%.
Fantasy, the Final Frontier: Making Science Moral in Postwar North Korean Youth Culture
Authors: Zur Dafna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe atomic bombing marked an end to World War II and triggered the evacuation of the Japanese from the Korean peninsula. In its wake came parallel occupations by the USSR and the US, under which North and South Korea dedicated themselves to rebuilding from postwar destruction. Science and technology had a central role to play as the means through which to meet economic goals and achieve military, political, and social ideals. In North Korea, the investment in science and technology revealed itself in young reader magazines, where scientific content made banal the exceptional power of nuclear energy and made the natural world knowable through formulas and data. At the same time, science and fiction took an interest in the relationships between the self and the collective and between humans and nature and reconfigured these relationships in moral terms. This article argues that scientific knowledge had to be framed by, and injected with, strong moral guidance to assure accurate and appropriate applications of the technical and scientific. Moral restructuring was the ground zero of social and economic reform, and the narrative form was recognized as the best way to shape the most elusive frontier of all: the fantasy of the young.
Current status and future directions of Lévy walk research
Authors: Reynolds Andy M. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Lévy walks are a mathematical construction useful for describing random patterns of movement with bizarre fractal properties that seem to have no place in biology. Nonetheless, movement patterns resembling Lévy walks have been observed at scales ranging from the microscopic to the ecological. They have been seen in the molecular machinery operating within cells during intracellular trafficking, in the movement patterns of T cells within the brain, in DNA, in some molluscs, insects, fish, birds and mammals, in the airborne flights of spores and seeds, and in the collective movements of some animal groups. Lévy walks are also evident in trace fossils (ichnofossils) – the preserved form of tracks made by organisms that occupied ancient sea beds about 252-66 million years ago. And they are utilised by algae that originated around two billion years ago, and still exist today. In September of 2017, leading researchers from across the life sciences, along with mathematicians and physicists, got together at a Company of Biologists' Workshop to discuss the origins and biological significance of these movement patterns. In this Review the essence of the technical and sometimes heated discussions is distilled and made accessible for all. In just a few pages, the reader is taken from a gentle introduction to the frontiers of a very active field of scientific enquiry. What emerges is a fascinating story of a truly inter-disciplinary scientific endeavour that is seeking to better understand movement patterns occurring across all biological scales.
A severe atherosclerosis mouse model on the resistant NOD background
Authors: Wang Xugang , Huang Rong , Zhang Lichen , Li Saichao , Luo Jing , Gu Yanrong , Chen Zhijun , Zheng Qianqian , Chao Tianzhu , Zheng Wenping , Qi Xinhui , Wang Li , Wen Yinhang , Liang Yinming , Lu Liaoxun 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
Atherosclerosis is a complex disease affecting arterial blood vessels and blood flow that could result in a variety of life-threatening consequences. Disease models with diverged genomes are necessary for understanding the genetic architecture of this complex disease. Non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice are highly polymorphic and widely used for studies of type 1 diabetes and autoimmunity. Understanding atherosclerosis development in the NOD strain is of particular interest as human atherosclerosis on the diabetic and autoimmune background has not been successfully modeled. In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to genetically disrupt apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression on the pure NOD background, and compared phenotype between single-gene-deleted mice and double-knockout mutants with reference to ApoE-deficient C57BL/6 mice. We found that genetic ablation of Ldlr or Apoe in NOD mice was not sufficient to establish an atherosclerosis model, in contrast to ApoE-deficient C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for over 12 weeks. We further obtained NOD mice deficient in both LDLR and ApoE, and assessed the severity of atherosclerosis and immune response to hyperlipidemia in comparison to ApoE-deficient C57BL/6 mice. Strikingly, the double-knockout NOD mice treated with a HFD developed severe atherosclerosis with aorta narrowed by over 60% by plaques, accompanied by destruction of pancreatic islets and an inflammatory response to hyperlipidemia. Therefore, we succeeded in obtaining a genetic model with severe atherosclerosis on the NOD background, which is highly resistant to the disease. This model is useful for the study of atherosclerosis in the setting of autoimmunity.