bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Cross Sections of Gallium Isotopes Production Using proton and deuteron Irradiation
Authors: Mohammed Raghad S. 
Published: April 2018

In the present work, the production of the cross sections of three Gallium isotopes: 35
66
31Ga
(t1
⁄2 = 9.4h, β+ = 4.2MeV), 36
67
31Ga
(t1
⁄2=3.2617d, EC=100%) and 37
68
31Ga
(t1
⁄2 = 68min,
Iβ+ = 89%) have been discussed. The Gallium isotopes have important applications in nuclear
medicine, particularly in Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Single Photon Emission Tomography
(SPET) imaging technique and used in tumors diagnosing. The production of irradiant
Ga 66
,
Ga 67
and
Ga 68
is made by irradiation of an enriched Zinc target using proton and deuteron
charged particles. Utilizing high cyclotron yield and low radionuclide impurities, the optimum
cyclotron energy range has been chosen for the production of Gallium isotopes. The cross
sections of (p,xn), (p,γ) and (d,xn) reactions for the production of Gallium isotopes have been
evaluated depending upon the empirical data taken from EXFOR library, which is belonging to
the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Also the yield for each reaction has been evaluated
Peningkatan Keterampilan Proses Sains Terpadu Siswa melalui Implementasi Levels of Inquiry (LoI)
Authors: Muliyani Riski , Kurniawan Yudi , Sandra Desvika Annisa 
Published: April 2018

The scientific process skills should trains to a pre-service teacher, especially pre-service physics teacher. This study aims to get description about the enhancement of students’ integrated scientific process skill through the level of inquiry (LoI) learning model. This research located at a public junior high school in Singkawang City. This research use week experimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. Samples were taken by using cluster random technique. The instrument of collection data are tested KPS (scientific process skill test), LoI’s observation sheets, and attitude scale sheet (to collect students’ responses to LoI models). The result showed that students’ integrated scientific process skill is enhanced in n-gain 0,31 (medium), LoI’s observation sheet is”all activities were held” an attitude scale is 80,4 % (positive response). These could be concluded that Scientific Process Skill on that schools is enhancing (medium category) by using implementation of LoI model. Keterampilan Proses Sains (KPS) perlu dilatihkan terutama untuk calon guru sains termasuk calon guru fisika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran peningkatan aspek keterampilan proses sains (KPS) terpadu siswa melalui penerapan model Levels of Inquiry (LoI). Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu SMP Negeri Kota Singkawang, menggunakan metode weak experimental design dengan one group pretest-posttest design. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster random sampling. Instrument pengumpul data yang dipakai antara lain tes KPS, lembar observasi keterlaksanaan LoI, dan lembar skala sikap untuk mendapatkan deskripsi tanggapan siswa terhadap model LoI yang telah mereka alami. Hasil pengolahan instrument tes menunjukkan bahwa KPS yang dimiliki oleh siswa mengalami peningkatan dengan skor n-gain sebesar 0,31 (kategori sedang) dan keterlaksaaan model pembelajaran LOI dalam kategori “semua kegiatan siswa terlaksana” serta skala sikap dengan capaian respon bernilai 80,4 % (kategori positif). Dapat disimpulkan pada sekolah tersebut, KPS dapat ditingkatkan melalui penerapan LoI dengan kategori sedang.
Factors influencing a bank?s competitive ability: the case of Lithuania and Latvia
Authors: Skvarciany Viktorija , Jurevičienė Daiva , Iljins Juris , Gaile-Sarkane Elīna 
Published: April 2018

Research background: A commercial bank?s competitive ability is of great importance as it plays a vital role in ensuring a bank?s success; hence, it is necessary to identify the factors that contribute to the development of competitive advantage of commercial banks and to shift competitive ability to a higher level. The competiveness of banks is assessed from customers? perspective, highlighting the main factors that influence them in choosing a particular bank.
Purpose of the article: The paper aims to assess the determinants influencing bank?s competitive ability from customers? perspective by indicating the level of their influence. The following objectives are set: to distinguish the determinants influencing commercial bank?s competitive ability, to prepare a methodology for the assessment of factors, to evaluate the importance of the factors using expert evaluation method based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process.
Methods: A questionnaire was prepared for the experts in order to collect the data; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process was implemented for processing the data.
Findings & Value added: The research was conducted in Latvia and Lithuania at the be-ginning of 2017. The results showed that the most important factor for bank?s competitive ability in both ? Lithuania and Latvia ? is customers? trust. Reliability of the bank (both in Latvia and Lithuania) and the privileges of loyal customers (only in Latvia) have gained experts? attention as well. The proposed model of bank?s competitive ability allows to evaluate the level of bank?s competitiveness effectively, which would help the bank to plan its activities successfully and attract new customers in order to take the leading position in the market.
A model for assessing the commercial potential of high technologies
Authors: Zemlickienė Vaida , Bublienė Raimonda , Jakubavičius Artūras 
Published: April 2018

Research background: technology development and its application for human activities ? R&D ? have been recognized as the basis of economic performance, a source of technological solutions and of high value-added supply both in scientific literature as well as in the strategic documents of the Government and international organizations. In order to ensure the harmonious activity of the institutions engaged in R&D and to reduce the uncertainty of the commercialization of technologies, an advanced tool for verifying decisions on technology development at early stages of commercialization, i.e. an instrument for assessing the commercial potential of technology, is needed. Over the last decade, the analysis of the tools on a global scale led to the unequivocal conclusion ? so far developed methodical basis has suffered from lack of maturity for its practical use in business, a need for assessing commercial potential at an early stage of technology commercialization has been ignored, and the assessment of commercial potential has not considered the specificity of high technology.
Purpose of the article: This article discusses in detail the preparation and application pro-cesses of the model for assessment the commercial potential of high technologies.
Methods: in the model the multiple criteria method is applied the selection of which was determined by the motive related to the goal of assessment ? assess the commercial potential of high technologies.
Findings & Value added: The essence of scientific novelty embraces the creation of a qualitatively new, original, science-based model for assessing the commercial potential of technologies thus flexibly applying it to assessing different levels of technologies. The original model is based on: the focus on the specificity of high technologies in assessment the commercial potential of technologies; the focus on the early stage of technology commercialization by assessing the commercial potential of technologies; flexibility in the application of the model taking into account the technological level, legal status, opportunity to assess the commercial potential of technologies in different countries and institutions; mathematical calculations based on assessing commercial potential.
Influence of group purchasing organizations on financial situation of Polish SMEs
Authors: Zimon Grzegorz 
Published: April 2018

Research background: SMEs often operate in markets where they compete with large companies. A fight for a customer, payment backlogs, problems with debt collection and new branches cause that managers are looking for solutions that will influence positively on the situation of financial companies. Maintaining liquidity and generating income are the primary steps to build a competitive position and a progressive development of enterprises. One of the most popular methods that allows companies to do profitable business and increase their chances for safety is operation within group purchasing organizations. Currently in the Polish market there are many different types of GPOs (Group Purchasing Organizations). The choice of the right one is a chance to improve their financial situation.
Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to present an impact of group purchasing organizations on the financial situation of enterprises. In the article the classification of groups is done and there are shown the benefits that commercial enterprises operating in them gain. The article presents some obstacles to join specific group purchasing organizations and difficulties faced by companies operating in them.
Methods: The studies were carried out on the basis of 60 SMEs. These companies operated in five Polish GPOs. The groups were divided into branch and multi-branch ones. The study period covered the years 2013?2015. In order to analyze the impact of purchasing groups on the financial situation of enterprises, some selected groups of financial ratios were used. A preliminary analysis of financial balance sheets and profit and loss account was conducted.
Findings & Value added: The analysis showed that the choice of an appropriate group purchasing organization had a large impact on financial situation of companies. Different opportunities can be offered by a branch purchasing group than by the multi-branch one. Research has shown that better results relate to dynamics of revenues, costs, liquidity and profitability that are effects of operation within the branch purchasing groups. The analysis conducted has also showed that functioning within purchasing groups allows to maintain safe financial liquidity, apart from obtaining a low price of purchased goods and materials, and has a positive impact on the effectiveness of managing receivables and short-term liabilities.
Supporting NEETs ? challenges facing labor market institutions in Poland
Authors: Saczyńska-Sokół Sylwia 
Published: April 2018

Research background: Various and complicated reasons for belonging to the NEET category (not in education, employment or training), resulting largely from young people?s personal and family circumstances, cause that the activation programmes undertaken by public employment services, both in the professional and educational sphere, prove inadequate. Despite the fact that labour market instruments dedicated to young people represent a wide range of possibilities for supporting them in combating professional and educational inactivity, the background of their problems requires new actions that should be undertaken by labour market institutions and their partners.
Purpose of the article: Taking the above into consideration, the aim of this study is to identify the challenges faced by the public employment services and other labour market institutions in the area of activating youth experiencing the most difficult situation in the labour market.
Methods: The article is based partly on the results of quantitative and qualitative research, conducted in the framework of the project implemented by the Provincial Labour Office in Bialystok Podlasie open to young people, financed by Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development (PO WER).
Findings & Value added: The results of the study have led to the identification of necessary actions which should be undertaken by labour market institutions to support young people representing the NEET generation. These actions can be classified into different categories. They include preventing inclusion into the NEET group, developing the most effective solutions in the area of getting in touch with this group of young people and supporting them as well as creating a culture of cooperation for their benefit. The study has also revealed the need to carry out in-depth research of the NEET population.
KUALITAS SILASE DAUN GAMAL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MOLASES SEBAGAI ZAT ADITIF
Authors: Herawati Ervi , Royani Mega 
Published: April 2018

AbstrakGamal adalah tanaman leguminosa pohon yang dapat tumbuh dengan cepat namun pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan pakan ternak memiliki palatabilitas yang rendah akibat bau dan rasanya yang menyengat dan pahit, berasal dari senyawa kumarin, sehingga kurang disukai oleh ternak. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk menghilangkan zat antinutrisi tersebut yaitu dengan cara dibuat silase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan molasses terhadap kualitas silase pada daun gamal terfermentasi yang memberikan hasil silase terbaik. Uji kualitas yang diukur adalah pH, persentase asam laktat, dan kadar amonia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuannya terdiri dari penambahan molasses pada daun gamal yaitu P1=1%, P2=2%, P3=3%, P4=4%, dan P5=5%. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas silase daun gamal yang optimal didapat pada perlakuan 4 (P4=4% molasses) yang menghasilkan rata-rata nilai pH sebesar 4,18, persentase asam laktat 1,143%, dan kadar NH3 sebesar 6,06 mM. Kata kunci: asam laktat, gamal, molases, NH3, pH. AbstractGliricidia sepium is a leguminous tree that grows rapidly but its use as animal feed material has low palatability due to its stinky smell and bitter taste, caused by coumarin compound, hence it is less favored by livestock. One alternative way to remove this compound is by making silage. This study was aimed to determine the effect of adding molasses to the quality of silage on fermented Gliricidia sepium leaves to obtain the best silage result. Quality tests measured include pH, lactic acid percentage, and ammonia levels. Method used was experimental Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of the addition of molasses on the Gliricidia sepium leaf, P1 = 1%, P2 = 2%, P3 = 3%, P4 = 4%, and P5 = 5%. Results showed that the optimal quality of Gliricidia sepium leaf silage was obtained from P4 (4% molasses) which resulted in average pH value of 4.18, lactic acid percentage 1.143%, and NH3 level of 6.06 mM.Keywords: lactic acid, Gliricidia sepium, molasses, NH3, pH.
Increased cardiac microvascular permeability and activation of cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase in high tidal volume ventilation-induced lung injury
Authors: Hung Ming-Jui , Hung Ming-Yow , Cherng Wen-Jin , Li Li-Fu 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Positive pressure ventilation with large tidal volumes has been shown to cause lung injury via the serine/threonine kinase-protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-pathways. However, the effects of high tidal volume (VT) ventilation on the heart are unclear. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of VT ventilation on the cardiac vascular permeability and intracellular Akt and eNOS signaling pathway. Methods: C57BL/6 and Akt knock-out (heterozygotes, +/−) mice were exposed to high VT (30 mL/kg) mechanical ventilation with room air for one and/or five hours. Results: High VT ventilation increased cardiac microvascular permeability and eNOS phosphorylation in a timedependent manner. Serum cardiac troponin I was increased after one hour of high VT ventilation. Cardiac Akt phosphorylation was accentuated after one hour and attenuated after five hours of high VT ventilation. Pharmacological inhibition of Akt with LY294002 and high VT ventilation of Akt+/− mice attenuated cardiac Akt phosphorylation, but not eNOS phosphorylation. Conclusion: High VT ventilation increased cardiac myocardial injury, microvascular permeability, and eNOS phosphorylation. Involvement of cardiac Akt in high VT ventilation was transient.
Bilateral hip disarticulation in paraplegics
Authors: Juszczyk Karolina , Gollogly James G , Ngiep Ou Cheng 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Decubitus ulcers are severe challenges to paraplegic patients, as well as to the medical providers caring for such disabled persons. Severe, chronic infection often can lead to death, especially in developing countries. Sometimes, hip disarticulation is the most appropriate surgical response to chronic ulceration. Objective: Report the results of bilateral disarticulations in 3 patients, one in Cambodia, and two in Australia. Methods: Chart reviews, examinations, and interviews with the patients were conducted to identify appropriate details of the indications and results. Results: Severe decubitus ulcers were successfully treated using the technique, without undue surgical complications. The general health of the patients was much improved. Conclusion: Bilateral hip disarticulations were performed as last stage salvage operations in three patients, who expressed satisfaction with the results, even though some problems with balance and recurrent ulceration persisted.
Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of meniscal tear
Authors: Numkarunarunrote Numphung , Sanpatchayapong Anoma , Yuktanandana Pongsak , Kuptniratsaikul Somsak 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been recognized as the imaging method for non-invasive evaluation of knee pathology, particular meniscus and ligaments. Objective: Compare the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of MRI in the detection of meniscal tears with arthroscopy. Material and methods: Twenty-seven patients who were diagnosed as meniscal tear on arthroscopy with preoperative MRI were included in this study between January 2003 and June 2008. MRI was performed with a 1.5 Tesla Signa Horizon Echospeed MRI for eight patients between January 2003 and June 2005 and a 1.5 Tesla Signa Excited HD MRI for nineteen patients between July 2005 and June 2008. The location of meniscal tear was evaluated by studying three areas: anterior horn, body and posterior horn. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the anterior horn, body, posterior horn and overall meniscus were calculated. Results: The sensitivity of MRI for detecting meniscal tears at the anterior horn, body, posterior horn, and overall medial meniscus was 42.9%, 87.5%, 94.1%, and 81.3%, respectively. The specificity was 95.0%, 84.2%, 81.8%, and 88.0%, respectively. The accuracy was 81.5%, 85.2%, 89.3%, and 85.4%, respectively. The PPV was 75.0%, 70.0%, 88.9%, and 81.2%, respectively. The NPV was 82.6%, 94.1%, 90.0%, and 88.0%, respectively. The sensitivity of MRI for detecting meniscal tears at the anterior horn, body, posterior horn and overall lateral meniscus was 0%, 100%, 85.7%, and 80.0%, respectively. The specificity was 100%, 100%, 90.5% and 97.2%, respectively. The accuracy was 96.0%, 100%, 90.5%, and 97.2%, respectively. The PPV was 100%, 75% and 80%, respectively. The NPV was 96.3%, 100%, 95.0%, and 97.2%, respectively. Conclusion: MRI is a helpful technique to detect meniscal tear with different sensitivity and accuracy on the meniscal location.
Correlation of microvascular density and proliferation index in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Taweevisit Mana , Keelawat Somboon , Thorner Paul Scott 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor with an endemic distribution. Several histologic parameters have been studied to provide prognostic information for patient management. Both proliferation index and microvascular density are commonly determined on such tumors, but the relationship between these two parameters has not been studied fully. Objectives: Determine the association between microvascular density and cellular proliferation in undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: A series of 60 cases were studied in patients of Southeast Asian origin. Cellular proliferation was determined using Ki67 immunostaining, and vessel proliferation using CD31 immunostaining in terms of areas of increased staining (‘hot spots’). Ki67 results were scored on a scale of 0-4+ and CD31 results as a microvascular density/mm2. Results: The mean of the microvascular density was 22/mm2 in the Ki67-negative group (25 cases). In the Ki67- positive group (35 cases), the mean was 35/mm2. The difference between the positive and negative group was statistically significant (p <0.001). Microvascular density significantly increased as the Ki67 score increased (p<0.001). However, the ‘hot spots’ for microvascular density in tissue sections did not correspond to areas of increased cellular proliferation. Conclusion: Pathologists usually determine only one of these two prognostic factors when dealing with undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The proliferation index is suggested because it is easier to perform and can be done on small biopsies not to contain enough surface area for microvascular density determination.
Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Palestinian women using polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Farraj Mohammad A. , Abusada Gabi M. , Saleem Abed Alraoof M. , Joaidi Ayyub Y. , Radad Raba M. , Atrash Hiba N. , Sabri Israr N. , Essawi Tamer A. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Background: Neisseria gonorrohoeae is an exclusive human pathogen that primarily infects the urogenital epithelia. Infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae are considered the second major cause of sexually transmitted disease after Chlamydiae worldwide. Although the urethra and the uterine cervix serve as the initial sites for gonococcal infections in men and women, infection of the conjunctiva, pharynx, tendons, joints, as well as rectal mucosa are also reported. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to introduce molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect N. gonorrhoeae directly from endocervical swabs. In addition, it provides a picture of Neisseria gonorrohea infection among a sample of Palestinian women in West Bank. Methods: Two hundred and thirteen endocervical swabs were collected from sexually active married women with endocervical abnormalities attending healthcare clinics. DNA was extracted directly from the swabs and PCR was performed using specific primers targeting the orf1 region of the genome. Results: The results obtained indicated that the percentage of positive cases of N. gonorrhoeae among the women tested was 1.40%. Conclusion: Implementing guidelines for comprehensive screening of men and women with more sensitive tests may improve detection and management of sexually transmitted infections.