bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pupillary Light Reflex and Menace Response in Neonatal Camel Calves (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Raoofi Afshin , Asgari Rad Hassan , Shokri Arman 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPupillary light reflex (PLR) and menace response are among the tests used in neurological and ophthalmic examinations in animals.ObjectiveThe intent of this study was to investigate the development of the PLR and menace response in neonatal camel calves.MethodsThirty healthy camel calves were studied after birth until the menace response and PLR were well established. The menace response was assessed by applying a non‐tactile visual threat to each eye. The direct PLR was tested by shining a bright light into each eye and observing constriction of the pupil in the ipsilateral eye.ResultsPLR was positive in all camel calves in the first test performed after birth. The first menace response developed at the age of 14 days, with 4 camel calves developing a menace response last, at 18 days of age. The menace response developed in most camel calves at 16 days old. The time to develop the menace response was not statistically different between the two sexes.ConclusionThe PLR is present in camel calves immediately after birth. Menace response in camel calves develops within 18 days after birth.
Correlation of Shared Automated Vehicles Real Traffic Performance and Passengers’ Acceptance Data
Authors: Papadopoulos Alexandros , Spanos Georgios , Pont Jordi , Lalas Antonios , Votis Konstantinos , Gkemou Maria , Anund Anna , Lambauer Karl , De La Iglesia Lucia Isasi , Tzovaras Dimitrios , Bekiaris Evangelos 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe perception of comfort and safety among passengers of Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) is crucial and significantly influences their adoption in current Public Transport systems. It is essential to align the objective perception with an analysis of vehicle performance data to identify vulnerabilities and factors affecting passenger comfort and safety. This paper presents the first comprehensive correlation between objective and subjective data from autonomous fleets in three well-established pilot locations (Graz, Madrid, Linköping), each using different technologies and experiencing varying environmental conditions. Our analysis (i) revealed significant differences between the three pilot sites in terms of perceived safety and comfort (both perceived and actual) and (ii) confirmed a strong correlation between safety and comfort levels and the vehicles’ behaviour in terms of speed and acceleration, particularly noting the impact of hard braking events as those were defined by the SHOW consortium.
Open and Modular Service-Oriented CCAM Architecture
Authors: Bolovinou Anastasia , Spanos Georgios , Lalas Antonios , Votis Konstantinos , De Verdalle Emmanuel , Benyahya Meriem , Collen Anastasija , Nijdam Niels A. , Antonakopoulou Anna , Sourlas Vassilis , Gkemou Maria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractSeamless integration of new types of mobility such as those realized by Connected Automated Vehicles (CAVs) into the existing public transport service requires new service-oriented orchestration platforms. In this work, we present a framework for automated mobility of passengers and goods, realized by the service-oriented architecture of the EU-funded research project SHOW (GA No 857730). As part of the framework, intra-systems and cloud-to-everything interfaces are proposed, while high-level design specifications of architecture alternatives are critically reviewed. An actual example of how such an inclusive architecture is instantiated in Trikala SHOW pilot site for city-specific SHOW services deployment is presented. Finally, lessons learnt that are relevant to data access, interoperability and cybersecurity, based on the experience from all SHOW pilot sites, are outlined.
Experimental Study on Physical and Mechanical Characteristics and Microstructure of Sandstone After High Temperature-Water Cooling Treatment
Authors: Lu Jinbin , Zheng Lifeng , Chen Feng , Yang Liang , Zhang Qiang 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn geothermal energy development, high-temperature rock mass will go through the process of water cooling. It is of great significance to study the physical and mechanical characteristics and microstructure of high-temperature rock after water cooling for the long-term stability analysis of underground engineering. Based on this, the surface characteristics, mass, and volume variation of sandstone cooled by water at high temperatures (100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 °C) were investigated. Using the Rock Top multifield coupling tester, a series of axial compressions and longitudinal wave velocity tests of the sandstone after a high temperature-water cooling treatment are performed. The microstructure characteristic obtained by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope was studied, and the effect of high temperature-water cooling behavior on the mechanical properties of sandstone was investigated. The results show that: (1) The mass loss rate, volume expansion rate and peak strain of sandstone increase with increasing temperature, while peak strength decreases gradually. When the temperature exceeds 400 °C, the physical and mechanical parameters of sandstone change markedly. (2) When the temperature is less than 400 °C, corresponds to the compressive and line-elastic phases, the stable crack propagation phase, the rapid crack propagation phase and the destructive phase during the failure process of sandstone, the wave velocity of sandstone are steadily increasing, oscillating, and sharply decreasing, respectively. While the temperature is below 1000 °C, the wave velocity of sandstone is oscillation increases, slows down and drops sharply, respectively. (3) When the temperature is below 400 °C, the mineral content of sandstone varies less. While the temperature exceeds 400 °C, there is an overall increasing trend in the sodium feldspar content of sandstone. (4) The increase in temperature promotes the development of pore fractures within the sandstone, especially at higher temperature states where microcracks expand along the intergranular to form microcrack networks, leading to an increase in the scale and number of defects such as fractures within the sandstone.
Experimental Study on Strength of Luminous Concrete with Double Admixture of Fly Ash and Slag Powder
Authors: Li Meng , Fang Guangxiu , Wu Haonan , Wang Chunming , Li Huaiyu , Li Zhoutong 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLuminescent concrete is based on ordinary concrete, in which zinc sulfide luminescent material is added to make ordinary concrete with luminescent function of concrete, and its mechanical properties are greatly affected by the dosage of luminescent powder and mineral admixture. In order to study the mechanical properties and optical properties of luminescent concrete, luminescent concrete composite adding different dosages of fly ash and slag powder compressive test and flexural test, obtained different fly ash and slag powder dosage of luminescent concrete compressive strength and flexural strength with the curing time of the change curve and based on this proposed luminescent concrete compressive strength and flexural strength of the correction coefficient, for the subsequent light-emitting concrete. The research and engineering application of luminous concrete provides theoretical basis.
Preparation and Blast Responses of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) Bar Reinforced Shield Tunnelling Segments
Authors: Jiang Ruiyi , Feng Jiang , Hou Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBFRPs has the advantages of light weight, corrosion resistance and good durability compared with steels, which is expected to solve the above problems when applied to shield tunnelling segments. In this study, the preparation process of basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bar reinforced shield tunnelling segment (BSTS) is described in detail against the background of shield tunnelling segment actually used in engineering. In order to investigate the blast resistance performance of the BSTS under blast loading, the test process is simulated using LS-DYNA finite element analysis software. The results show that the main damage modes of BSTS under proximity blast loading can be categorized as cratering, cracking, spalling and rupture. With the decreasing Scaled distance, the top surface blast crater is expanding, and the concrete on the back surface is further spalling, showing more obvious local damage characteristics. Provide reference for the design of shield tunnel lining structure's anti-explosion performance.
Seismic Behavior of Steel-Polypropylene Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete Shear Wall
Authors: Zhang Luyang , Yao Jitao , Tong Yuting 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the loading mechanism of SPFRC shear walls by conducting low-cycle repeated loading tests on two steel-polypropylene hybrid fiber reinforced concrete (SPFRC) shear walls and one reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall. Furthermore, this study analyzed the impact of fiber content and axial compression ratio on the failure mode, shear carrying capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the shear walls. The test results show that hybrid fibers effectively restrain the development of cracks in shear walls, and improve the shear carrying capacity, deformation capacity, and energy dissipation capacity of the shear walls. Considering the contributions of hybrid fibers, horizontal and vertical distributed steel reinforcement, concrete diagonal struts, and concealed columns to shear carrying capacity, a calculation formula for the shear carrying capacity of SPFRC shear walls has been established based on the truss-diagonal brace mechanism. This formula has been validated using data from this study and relevant domestic literature. The average ratio of measured shear carrying capacity to calculated values is 1.01, with a standard deviation of 0.17, indicating a good agreement between them.
A Procedure for Strength Parameters Inversion of Rock Slopes Based on Statistical Regression and Seepage-Stress Coupling: A Case Study
Authors: Chen Rong , Liu Detan , Zhang Haiku , Liao Mao , Huang Zhangxin , Xu Liqun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMassive slope engineering exists in large water conservancy projects. The artificial and natural rock slopes are high and steep with diverse lithologies, and the stability and safety of high slopes are the guarantee for the overall project to be effective. This paper presents a parameter inversion procedure for rock slopes based on statistical regression models using monitoring data and coupled analysis of seepage and stress. It is applied to the intake slope of a hydropower station in Southwest China. The results show that based on the strength parameters from inversion, the relative error between the measured and calculated displacement of the monitoring points is less than 4.55% under the water level rise and fall inversion conditions, and less than 4.01% under the validation condition, meeting the requirements for engineering applications. The slope stability safety factor meets the requirements specified in the regulations. The inversion procedure proposed in this paper can provide reference for the determination of high slope strength parameters in this project and other projects.
Multi-component dark matter from Minimal Flavor Violation
Authors: Mescia Federico , Okawa Shohei , Wu Keyun 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Minimal Flavor Violation (MFV) offers an appealing framework for exploring physics beyond the Standard Model. Interestingly, within the MFV framework, a new colorless field that transforms non-trivially under a global SU(3)3 quark flavor group can naturally be stable. Such a new field is thus a promising dark matter candidate, provided it is electrically neutral. We extend the MFV framework for dark matter and demonstrate that dark matter can naturally be multi-component across a broad parameter space. For illustration, we consider a gauge singlet, flavor triplet scalar field and identify parameter spaces for multi-component dark matter, where only the lightest flavor component is absolutely stable and heavy flavor components are decaying with lifetimes sufficiently longer than the age of the universe. Phenomenological, cosmological and astrophysical aspects of multi-component flavored dark matter are briefly discussed.
Development of a straightforward direct injection UHPLC-MS/MS method for quantification of plastic additive chemicals in roadside retention ponds
Authors: McKenzie Katie , Pllu Angela , Campbell Iain , Lawton Linda A. , Petrie Bruce 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in road pollution that enters surface waters. Additive chemicals used in the manufacture of plastics, including tyre rubber, are mobile pollutants that pose a threat to aquatic life. Therefore, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to measure 25 plastic additive chemicals in road runoff and water of retention ponds used to manage road runoff. A straightforward direct injection methodology was adopted to minimise sample handling and risk of contamination. Using this approach, the method quantitation limits (MQLs) ranged from 4.3 × 10−3 to 13 µg/L. These were adequate to determine most chemicals at or below their freshwater predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC). Method trueness ranged from 18 to 148% with most chemicals being within 80–120%. The method was applied to water from four retention ponds in series to measure additive chemicals entering the ponds (i.e., in road runoff) and passing through each pond. Greatest concentrations were observed in road runoff during heavy rainfall following dry weather. Here, 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG) exceeded its current PNEC of 1.05 µg/L. Notably, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-quinone) was determined at 0.13 µg/L which is greater than its lowest acute toxicity threshold (0.095 µg/L). Similarity in additive chemical concentrations throughout the retention ponds during steady flow suggests little or no removal occurs. However, further studies are needed to assess the fate and removal of plastic additive chemicals in retention ponds and the risk posed to aquatic environments. Such research can be facilitated by this newly developed UHPLC-MS/MS method.
Graphical Abstract
Optimizing US for HCC surveillance
Authors: Rodgers Shuchi K. , Fetzer David T. , Seow James H. , McGillen Kathryn , Burrowes David P. , Fung Christopher , Udare Ashlesha S. , Wilson Stephanie R. , Kamaya Aya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUltrasound is the primary imaging modality used for surveillance of patients at risk for HCC. In 2017, the American College of Radiology Liver Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (ACR LI-RADS) introduced US LI-RADS to standardize the performance, interpretation, and reporting of US for HCC surveillance, with the algorithm recently updated as LI-RADS US Surveillance v2024. The American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) recommends reporting both the examination-level LI-RADS US Category as well as the US Visualization Score. The US Category conveys the overall findings of the exam and primarily determines follow up recommendations. The US Visualization Score conveys the expected sensitivity of the test and stratifies patients into appropriate surveillance pathways. One of the goals of routine surveillance is the detection of HCC at an early, potentially curable stage. Therefore, optimizing US technique is of critical importance. Increasing North American and worldwide utilization of LI-RADS US Surveillance, which includes technical recommendations, through education and outreach will undoubtedly benefit patients undergoing US HCC surveillance.
Surgical management of achalasia
Authors: Mustian Margaux , Wong Kristen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAchalasia is a chronic esophageal motility disorder comprised of ineffective esophageal peristalsis and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. This disease had historically been managed through medical means as well as endoscopic dilations. However, surgical interventions are now considered standard of care, including minimally invasive Heller myotomy, which was popularized in 1990s, followed by per oral endoscopic myotomy in the 2010s. Both surgical approaches provide acceptable resolution of dysphagia symptoms. Classification of the achalasia as well as other patient-level factors may drive the clinical decision-making between the two approaches, as well as surgical training and surgeon preference.
Advances in Etiology and Prevention of Capsular Contracture After Breast Implantation
Authors: Li Dan-Dan , Lan Nan , Zhao Ping , Tang Yi-Yin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCapsular contracture (CC) is one of the most common complications of breast implant usage in breast augmentation or reconstruction. The CC approach can cause breast hardening, pain, and varying degrees of deformity, affecting the quality of life of patients. Considerably, it has become one of the most common reasons for frequent surgeries. Nonetheless, the etiology and pathogenesis of CC remain unclear. Moreover, there exist still a lot of uncertainties regarding prevention and treatment measures. In this article, we present discussions on the research status of the etiology, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment measures of CC. In summary, this study provides a reference for further research on CC and clinical use.Level of Evidence V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Mapping tree canopy thermal refugia for birds using biophysical models and LiDAR
Authors: Strydom Lara H. , Conradie Shannon R. , Smit Izak P. J. , Greve Michelle , Boucher Peter B. , Davies Andrew B. , McKechnie Andrew E. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAccurately predicting exposure of animals to climate change requires evaluating the effects of warming on the microclimates they occupy. Birds, like many other taxa, make extensive use of cool microsites in vegetation during hot weather. Taking advantage of recent advances in modelling tree canopy microclimates, we combined LiDAR-based individual tree canopy mapping and biophysical modelling to evaluate the current and future availability of cool microsites in a subtropical African savanna landscape. We constructed biophysical models for two common bird species, an ~ 40-g bulbul and an ~ 200-g hornbill, and modelled exposure to conditions under which the body temperature (Tb) of individuals resting in canopies exceeds 42 °C, equivalent to ~ 2 °C above resting thermoneutral Tb. At present, 34.5% of trees taller than 2 m in our 139-ha study site provide microclimates in which resting Tb remained below 42 °C for both species during our study period. Under a Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 climate change scenario and assuming no change in vegetation structure, by the end of the Century the availability of microsites characterized by Tb < 42 °C will decrease to just 0.4% and 3.8% for bulbuls and hornbills, respectively. The proportion of trees in whose canopies bulbuls’ and hornbills’ exposure to Tb > 42 °C is limited to < 10 d summer− 1 will decrease from 98 to 99% currently to 3.0% and 24.3% by end-century, respectively. These findings reveal the magnitude of changes for birds in a savanna thermal landscape under a business-as-usual emissions scenario.
Streustromkorrosion von Stahlfaserbeton
Authors: Evangelatos Alexandros , Schaber Benjamin , Galler Robert 
Published: November 2024

ZusammenfassungDer Trend zur Nachhaltigkeit erfordert auch im Tunnelbau eine Reduktion von CO2-intensiven Baustoffen wie Stahl. In diesem Kontext stellt Faserbeton, insbesondere Stahlfaserbeton, eine vielversprechende Alternative dar. Aufgrund der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit der Stahlfasern wird dabei auch die Bewertung der Streustromkorrosion relevant, nicht nur bei Stahlbeton, wobei in Österreich derzeit keine normativen Regelungen bestehen. Streustromkorrosion entsteht durch ungewollte elektrische Ströme, die zu Korrosion an Betonbauteilen mit Stahleinlagen führen können. Besonders Tunnelbauwerke mit Gleichstrom-Straßenbahnen sind hiervon betroffen. Zur Untersuchung der Streustromkorrosion in Stahlfaserbeton wurde das Perkolationsprinzip angewendet, das den Übergang von isolierendem zu leitendem Verhalten in Abhängigkeit vom Fasergehalt beschreibt. Dabei wird die sogenannte Perkolationsschwelle bestimmt. Experimentelle Untersuchungen, die im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts und einer Bachelorarbeit durchgeführt wurden, zeigten, dass die Perkolationsschwelle höher als theoretisch erwartet bei einem Fasergehalt von über 125 kg/m3 liegt. Vor Erreichen dieser Schwelle blieb die elektrische Leitfähigkeit gering, was auf ein minimales Risiko der Streustromkorrosion hindeutet. Zur Berechnung des Streustromrisikos wurde ein angepasster Wert vorgeschlagen, wobei jedoch weitere Untersuchungen zur genauen Validierung erforderlich sind.
Solitary waves for the power degenerate NLS - existence and stability
Authors: Iyer Vishnu , Stefanov Atanas G. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We consider a semilinear Schrödinger equation, driven by the power degenerate second order differential operator

$$\nabla \cdot (|x|^{2a} \nabla ), a\in (0,1)$$

∇
·
(
|
x

|

2
a

∇
)
,
a
∈

(
0
,
1
)

. We construct the solitary waves, in the sharp range of parameters, as minimizers of the Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg’s inequality. Depending on the parameter a and the nonlinearity, we establish a number of properties, such as positivity, smoothness (away from the origin) and almost exponential decay. Then, and as a consequence of our variational constrcution, we completely characterize the spectral stability of the said solitons. We pose some natural conjectures, which are still open - such as the radiality of the ground states, the non-degeneracy and most importantly uniqueness.