bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite element modeling of concentrated impact loads on the masticatory muscles at the head
Authors: Wang Zechang , Behrens Roland , Juhre Daniel , Elkmann Norbert 
Published: November 2024

AbstractNumerical simulation has great potential to provide a more comprehensive understanding of human impact response to injury mechanisms. Finite Element (FE) models are used as a tool to study human injuries in greater detail, for example, the THUMS (Total Human Model Safety of TOYOTA) model, which is widely used as a reliable human model in different fields to predict human injuries such as fractures, internal organ damage, and brain tissue injuries. However, no available FE model can be used to simulate human‐robot collisions based on standards ISO/TS 15066 and the biomechanical characteristics of human soft tissues in vivo. The authors have developed a head model based on the structures (dimensions and anatomy) of the THUMS head model, specifically designed to simulate impact loads on the masticatory muscles. Based on medical imaging (MRI) data, the soft tissues at the location of the masticatory muscles in the THUMS head are transformed from monolayer to multilayer, that is, a composite geometry of skin‐fat‐muscle each with its own material model and parameters. The model was optimized and validated using the experimental data from the Fraunhofer IFF subjects study, which determined biomechanical thresholds for specific body locations in ISO/TS 15066 under dynamic collisions.
Long‐term renal outcomes of children with cancers treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy: A retrospective chart analysis
Authors: Kan Adrian , Marokakis Sarah , Ward James H. , Kim Siah , Gabriel Melissa , Durkan Anne M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPurposePlatinum‐based chemotherapy is a mainstay of treatment for many childhood cancers but is associated with acute nephrotoxicity and long‐term ototoxicity. There is emerging evidence of long‐term renal complications. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children treated with platinum chemotherapy (cisplatin and carboplatin) and identify potential risk factors for the development of CKD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of children diagnosed with hepatoblastoma, osteosarcoma, neuroblastoma, or medulloblastoma who received platinum chemotherapy over a 16 year timeframe. Patients were excluded if they did not have at least 3 years follow up data, died within 3 years of platinum chemotherapy, or if they relapsed. Clinical data were collected at baseline (first dose), 1 year, and at most recent follow up.ResultsOf 328 treated patients, 147 met the inclusion criteria and were followed for a mean of 8.1 years (range 3–15.7 years). The median age at first dose was 3.7 years (IQR 1.7–9.6 years). CKD ≥grade 2 was present in 53(36%) at last follow up and 15(10%) had tubular dysfunction. A history of acute kidney injury at any time during treatment was associated with CKD (OR 3.12 CI 1.07–9.12, p =0.04). On multivariable analysis older age at platinum therapy (OR 1.2, CI 1.1–1.4, p = 0.004) and a high aminoglycoside or vancomycin trough level (OR 4.3, CI 1.9–9.7, p < 0.001) were risk factors for CKD.ConclusionThe high rate of CKD in children treated with platinum chemotherapy warrants long‐term follow‐up and screening for progressive disease.
Retrospective Review of Spinal Cord Compression Occurrences and Management in Children With Relapsed, Progressing, or Refractory Malignancies
Authors: Nitzan‐Luques Adi , Revon‐Rivière Gabriel , Gandhi Sheila , AlMutawa Abdullah , Grant Ronald , Ahmed Sameera , Keilty Dana M. , Hodgson David C. , Tsang Derek S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinal cord compression (SCC) is a severe complication in pediatric patients with relapsed, progressing, or refractory solid malignancies. This study aims to report the presentation, treatment, and role of proactive radiation therapy in these patients.MethodsThis retrospective study reviewed 28 patients with relapsed, progressing, or refractory solid tumors who were referred for radiation therapy consultation due to potential (impending) or actual spinal cord compression (pSCC and aSCC, respectively) over a 12‐year period. Collected data included disease characteristics, details of SCC events, management approaches, and patient outcomes.ResultsAmong the 28 patients, 34 SCC events were identified (18 pSCC, 16 aSCC), with neuroblastoma being the most frequent diagnosis (46.4%). No significant differences were noted between pSCC and aSCC groups in pre‐event imaging follow‐up, age distribution, or malignancy status at SCC presentation. However, aSCC patients exhibited significantly more symptoms at diagnosis. Both groups received SCC‐targeted therapy, with no significant differences in functional outcomes, event‐free survival (EFS), or overall survival (OS). Pain assessments post treatment showed comparable improvements in both groups.ConclusionsProactive radiotherapy for pSCC did not yield superior outcomes compared to reactive treatment for aSCC. Given the limited benefits observed, proactive RT should be considered on an individual basis, balancing potential QoL improvements against treatment burdens. Further research in larger cohorts is necessary to refine therapeutic strategies for SCC in pediatric oncology.
Aggressive Pediatric Primitive Round Cell Tumors with MN1::ZNF341 Fusion: A Mimic of Neuroblastoma
Authors: Tan Serena Y. , Evans Mark G. , Saab Raya , Gupta Ankur , Reid Jack , Dao Tuan , Rubin Elyssa , Crymes Anthony , Semenova Kapitolina , Shimada Hiroyuki , Livasy Chad , Nael Ali 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNeuroblastoma is one of the most common tumors in young children, arising from the adrenal medulla or paraspinal sympathetic ganglia. We describe primitive round cell tumors presenting in three patients less than 1.5 years old, with striking clinical and pathologic similarities to neuroblastoma. Unlike neuroblastoma, however, these primitive tumors did not show specific histologic or immunophenotypic evidence of neuroblastic differentiation, and harbored a MN1::ZNF341 fusion. All patients progressed through neuroblastoma therapy and ultimately died of disease. These highly aggressive tumors mimicking neuroblastoma appear to be a novel and distinctive entity in need of further characterization.
Factors affecting negative and positive emotions among spouses caring for patients with psychotic or bipolar disorder
Authors: Ogawa Haruka , Shiraishi Nao , Yatsu Hiroko , Akechi Tatsuo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimSpouses experience conflicting emotions when caring for partners with severe mental illnesses. They can have negative emotions while also regarding caregiving as positive and may develop a better marital relationship through the caregiving process. This study investigated factors affecting the negative and positive emotions of husbands and wives acting as caregivers of their spouses with severe mental illnesses.MethodsAn online nationwide survey of 166 spouses caring for partners diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder was conducted. Caregivers' negative and positive emotions, personal and role strains in the care burden, sense of coherence, and patients' disabilities in family communication were assessed. We conducted a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses to evaluate the effects of these factors on the emotions of husbands and wives separately.ResultsAmong the 166 spouses, 112 (67%) were husbands and 54 (33%) were wives. Husbands were caregivers to 1.4 times as many individuals diagnosed with psychotic disorder as were wives. The negative emotions of husbands were linked to personal strain, whereas those of wives were associated with patient disability in family communication. Sense of coherence was the only factor predicting positive emotions for both sexes.ConclusionSupport for spousal caregivers should be adjusted according to sex. A reduction in husbands' personal strain can alleviate their negative emotions, whereas wives' negative emotions can be relieved by improving communication within their families. Regardless of sex, a higher sense of coherence level has the potential to suppress negative emotions and enhance positive emotions.
Mediation effects of subjective social status and personality traits between childhood nurturing experiences and depressive symptoms in adult volunteers
Authors: Nakagawa Yuki , Ono Miki , Morishita Chihiro , Honyashiki Mina , Tamada Yu , Fujimura Yota , Higashi Shinji , Hashimoto Naoki , Inoue Takeshi , Masuya Jiro 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimVarious risk factors, such as childhood nurturing experiences and subjective social status, have been identified to be involved in the onset of depression. However, the mechanism of depression is not yet fully understood. In this study, we hypothesized that nurturing experienced in childhood affects subjective social status and current personality traits, which in turn influence depressive symptoms in adulthood, and verified this hypothesis through structural equation modeling.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted on 404 adults. Multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted using demographic information and scores for the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, Parental Bonding Instrument, and NEO Five‐Factor Inventory.ResultsSubjective social status was found to mediate the association between nurturing experiences and neuroticism (0.029 for Overprotection and –0.034 for Care). On the other hand, neuroticism was found to mediate the association between subjective social status and depressive symptoms (–0.097 in Care model and –0.103 in Overprotection model), as well as the association between nurturing experiences and depressive symptoms (0.144 for Overprotection and –0.134 for Care). Furthermore, it was also shown that complex paths, in which the association of nurturing experiences with depressive symptoms was mediated by two factors, namely, subjective social status and neuroticism, were statistically significant as indirect effects (0.016 for Overprotection and –0.018 for Care).ConclusionIn this study, we clarified that nurturing experienced in childhood affects neuroticism in adulthood, which is mediated by subjective social status, and furthermore, the effects of nurturing on neuroticism lead to varying levels of depressive symptoms in adulthood. The mediation effects demonstrated in the present study may contribute towards unraveling the causes of depression and developing effective treatments for depressive symptoms.
Hypospadias Associated With Fetal Growth Restriction: A Multicentric Descriptive and Prognostic Cohort Study
Authors: Marquet Manon , Anselem Olivia , Bouvattier Claire , Vivanti Alexandre J. , Benachi Alexandra , Jouannic Jean‐Marie , Picone Olivier , Rosenblatt Jonathan , Salomon Laurent J. , Tsatsaris Vassilis , Athiel Yoann 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of genetic and endocrine abnormalities and to assess fetal, neonatal and surgical outcomes in cases of hypospadias associated with fetal growth restriction.MethodA multicentric retrospective study was conducted across five prenatal diagnosis centers in Paris. The cohort encompassed all fetuses diagnosed with the combination of fetal growth restriction < 10th percentile (FGR) and hypospadias from 2013 to 2021. Maternal data, fetal outcome and results of prenatal investigations were collected, along with postnatal data, encompassing endocrinological and genetic assessments, functional aspects and surgical outcomes.ResultsAmong the 82 patients included in the cohort, there were 14 (17%) terminations of pregnancy and four (5%) in utero deaths, leaving 64 (78%) live neonates, including five (6%) with early neonatal death. Among the 52 (63%) cases where hypospadias and FGR were considered as ultrasound‐isolated anomalies, six (12%, [3.2%–20.8%]) exhibited chromosomic, genetic, or endocrinological abnormalities diagnosed half prenatally and half postnatally. Fifty percent of the overall hypospadias were proximal. Most children underwent surgical intervention before reaching 2 years of age, with 50% encountering complications and often required reintervention.ConclusionThe association of FGR and hypospadias should not be underestimated as genetic or endocrinological abnormalities were identified even when hypospadias and FGR initially appear isolated. Additionally, the overall prognosis may be worsened using complex and iterative surgical procedures.
Pedal medial artery calcification score as a prognostic marker for the success of surgical intervention in diabetic foot disease
Authors: Collins Thomas , Hickman Daniel , Amarasena Danuksha K. , Pillai Anand 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAims: This study aimed to investigate for a causal link between severity of pedal medial artery calcification (pMAC) and the success of surgical interventions in the treatment of diabetic foot ulceration (DFU). Our secondary aim was to compare pMAC and traditional vascular studies used in the preoperative assessment for surgical interventions in DFU.Methods: A single‐centre, retrospective observational study was performed for patients undergoing debridement or amputation for DFU between October 2019 and March 2023. Patient pMAC scores were calculated using the Ferraresi classification. Doppler ultrasound studies were recorded to assess for peripheral artery disease (PAD). Patient outcomes were recorded from available follow‐up data.Results: A total of 70 limbs were identified; 73% had no pMAC, 16% had moderate pMAC and 11% had severe pMAC. Limbs with pMAC were more likely to need multiple surgeries (no pMAC, 37%; moderate pMAC, 55%; severe pMAC, 50%), with amputation twice as likely (42%, n=8) vs the no‐pMAC group (20%, n=10). In addition, 74% of the patients with pMAC had no indication of PAD on Doppler studies.Conclusions: Our findings show a trend between pMAC severity and prognosis after DFU‐related surgery. We identified worse outcomes from DFU‐related surgery with increasing pMAC severity. Patients were more likely to require multiple surgeries with pMAC and twice as likely to require future amputation. Vascular studies gave inconsistent findings with patient outcomes. The pMAC score is cheap and easy to calculate from routine x‐rays. It has the potential to be an important prognostic indicator for DFU‐related surgery; however, further studies are required.
Formative work for the LEGEND (Low EnerGy diEt iN adolescents with type 2 Diabetes and obesity) study: example of PPIE in research
Authors: Blake Holly , Law James M. , Procter Elizabeth , Barrett Timothy , Sachdev Pooja 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study used evidence‐based guidance to report on patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) activities that informed the design of a feasibility trial to explore the use of a low‐energy diet for children and young people (CYP) with type 2 diabetes. Overall, our PPIE work demonstrated the willingness of CYP to engage in these dietary interventions and the feasibility trial research processes. Engagement with stakeholders provided insights into factors influencing intervention participation and engagement, which will be considered in the design and implementation of subsequent trials.
The effects of multisensory exercises on balance control in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a narrative review
Authors: Mofateh Razieh , Rahimzadeh Shirin 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to examine the impact of multisensory exercises on balance control in people with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Articles on multisensory balance training for individuals with DPN were discovered in MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science databases through targeted key words. Moreover, this review examined the impact of multisensory balance training in isolation or in conjunction with other exercises, using outcome measures that assess balance attributes. A narrative review encompassed seven research studies as corroborating evidence. Six randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and one non‐RCT were eligible, including 212 participants. The results supported our assumption that multisensory exercise could enhance balance in people with DPN. This review suggests that multisensory exercises could aid in enhancing balance control in individuals with DPN. Nevertheless, additional research is needed to identify the most beneficial multisensory exercises for enhancing balance in individuals with varying levels of DPN severity and disability.
Inhibitory effects of N‐trans‐cinnamoyltyramine on growth of invasive weeds and weedy rice
Authors: Le Vang V. , Nguyen Ay V. , Luu Danh T. , Fritschi Felix B. , Nguyen Cuong T. , Ho Thi L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractN‐trans‐cinnamoyltyramine (NTCT) has been identified from an allelopathic Vietnamese rice accession OM 5930. This study employed bioassays to analyze NTCT's effects on shoot and root growth of multiple test and weed species. NTCT demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on cress, lettuce, canola, palmer amaranth, timothy, barnyardgrass, red sprangletop, and weedy rice, with increasing concentrations leading to substantial reductions in growth in all species. Linear regression analysis of dose response curves revealed ED50 values for NTCT, providing critical insights into the concentration required for 50% growth inhibition in each species. They revealed high sensitivity of the test species cress and lettuce, intermediate sensitivities of barnyardgrass, red sprangletop, timothy, and amaranth, and comparatively lower sensitivity of two weedy rice accessions. The findings underscore NTCT's efficacy in suppressing the growth of a wide range of weeds, including both grasses and broadleaf species. As such, NTCT may hold promise as a tool for sustainable weed management, particularly in addressing herbicide‐resistant weeds in diverse ecological settings.
Significant Effect of Carbon‐Ion Radiation Therapy Combined With Androgen Deprivation on Biochemical Recurrence Rates in High‐Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: A Two‐Center Controlled Trial Compare With X‐Ray External Beam Radiation Therapy
Authors: Zhao Xue , Sakamoto Shinichi , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Yamada Yasutaka , Aoki Shuri , Nakajima Mio , Sato Kodai , Kobayashi Kana , Saito Shinpei , Wakatsuki Masaru , Ichikawa Tomohiko 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the effects of carbon‐ion radiation therapy (CIRT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) on the prognosis of patients with prostate cancer.MethodsThe effects of initial prostate‐specific antigen (iPSA), clinical Tumor (cT) stage, radiotherapy method, and other clinical factors on the prognosis of 577 patients with radiotherapy were analyzed.ResultsCox regression analysis showed that CIRT (RR: 0.49, p = 0.0215), cT stage ≥ 3 (RR: 2.72, p = 0.0003), and iPSA ≥ 16 ng/mL (RR: 1.74, p = 0.0347) were independent predictors of biochemical recurrence (BCR). After propensity score matching (PSM), CIRT (RR: 0.42, p = 0.0147), cT stage ≥ 3 (RR: 2.55, p = 0.0092), and iPSA ≥ 16 ng/mL (RR: 2.12, p = 0.0366) were still the predictors of univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, CIRT (RR: 0.42, p = 0.015) and cT stage≥ 3 (RR:2.21, p = 0.0332) were independent predictors of BCR. Among them, we used iPSA and cT stages to establish a new radiotherapy selection model based on BCR risk. Patients who met more than one factor (score ≥ 1) and underwent CIRT had significantly better BCR progression‐free survival (PFS) than those who received EBRT (p ≤ 0.01). This was also confirmed by Kaplan–Meier analysis after PSM.ConclusionCIRT patients exhibited lower 5‐year BCR rates compared to the EBRT group. Patients with a risk score of our model ≥ 1 undergoing CIRT were more likely to experience BCR benefits compared to those receiving EBRT.
The emergence of Qatar's diplomacy in a complex world: Balancing soft power in regional affairs
Authors: Ullah AKM Ahsan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines the key aspects that contribute to Qatar's influence and soft power and investigates how Qatar strategically utilizes culture, economics, sports diplomacy, and media influence to shape perceptions of Qatar. A focal point of Qatar's soft power tool is Al Jazeera, which serves not only as a media giant but also as a dynamic force to amplify Qatar's influence. The article focuses on the resonance of Qatar's cultural initiatives, tourism sector, and sports and how these elements together contribute to soft power. Against the backdrop of regional challenges, Qatar's strategic posture emerges as a resilient force that positions the country as a key player in shaping regional dynamics.
Effect of non‐invasive neuroelectric stimulation of oral cavity for obstructive sleep apnoea: A systematic review
Authors: Awan Muhammad Ozair , Arif Aahan , Adeel Mohammad , Ahmed Shahzada , Iftikhar Haissan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractObjectivesWith an estimated disease burden of one billion adults aged 30–69, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) offers considerable challenges in terms of both identification and management Neuroelectric stimulation offers benefit with studies showing improvement in both the respiratory disturbance index and apnoea‐hypopnoea index. This systematic review aims to examine the effects of non‐invasive neuroelectric stimulation of the oral cavity utilized in the treatment of OSA.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, EBSCO CINAHL Plus, EBSCO Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source and Wiley Cochrane Library was utilized to identify articles. A total of 4 articles investigating 154 participants were included in the final synthesis. Data was extracted to by two authors (MOA and HI) working independently of each other. Any discrepancies that arose were discussed and resolved.ResultsOur results demonstrated that non‐invasive neurostimulation serves as an avenue for management that can allow for improvements in functionality as well as oxygen saturation amongst patients suffering from mild to moderate OSA.ConclusionDue to the dearth of research, it is imperative that further studies are done to investigate the efficacy of neuromuscular stimulation, as these findings cannot be generalized across different populations.
Decoding the role of RNA sequences and their interactions in influenza A virus infection and adaptation
Authors: Sharma Satya P. , Chawla‐Sarkar Mamta , Sandhir Rajat , Dutta Dipanjan 
Published: November 2024

AbstractInfluenza viruses (types A, B, C, and D) belong to the family orthomyxoviridae. Out of all the influenza types, influenza A virus (IAV) causes human pandemic outbreaks. Its pandemic potential is predominantly attributed to the genetic reassortment favored by a broad spectrum of host species that could lead to an antigenic shift along with a high rate of mutations in its genome, presenting a possibility of subtypes with heightened pathogenesis and virulence in humans (antigenic drift). In addition to antigenic shift and drift, there are several other inherent properties of its viral RNA species (vRNA, vmRNA, and cRNA) that significantly contribute to the success of specific stages of viral infection. In this review, we compile the key features of IAV RNA, such as sequence motifs and secondary structures, their functional significance in the infection cycle, and their overall impact on the virus's adaptive and evolutionary fitness. Because many of these motifs and folds are conserved, we also assess the existing antiviral approaches focused on targeting IAV RNA.This article is categorized under:
RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease