bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regularization modelling for large‐eddy simulation in wall‐bounded turbulence: An explicit filtering‐based approach
Authors: Chatterjee Tanmoy , Peet Yulia T. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryA comprehensive analysis of a filtering‐based regularization model for large‐eddy simulation has been carried out for fully developed turbulent channel flow, and its potency as a large‐eddy simulation candidate has been tested by comparison with eddy‐viscosity subgrid‐scale models. The exponentially accurate spectral element method, particularly open‐source code Nek5000, has been used for such computations. The simulations in the channel flow have been performed at moderately high bulk Reynolds number on the basis of half channel width, 20 000, and compared against the direct numerical simulation database for the mean flow profile, second‐order statistics, and their streamwise energy spectra. The results show that the filtering‐based regularization model is in reasonably good agreement with the subgrid‐scale models, and they also elucidate valuable insights on the filter‐based regularization.
Axoglial synapses are formed onto pioneer oligodendrocyte precursor cells at the onset of spinal cord gliogenesis
Authors: Osterstock Guillaume , Le Bras Barbara , Arulkandarajah Kalaimakan Hervé , Le Corronc Hervé , Czarnecki Antonny , Mouffle Christine , Bullier Erika , Legendre Pascal , Mangin Jean‐Marie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractVirtually all oligodendrocyte precursors cells (OPCs) receive glutamatergic and/or GABAergic synapses that are lost upon their differentiation into oligodendrocytes in the postnatal and adult brain. Although OPCs are generated at mid‐embryonic stages, several weeks before the onset of myelination, it remains unknown when and where OPCs receive their first synapses and become susceptible to the influence of neuronal activity. In the embryonic spinal cord, neuro‐epithelial precursors in the pMN domain cease generating cholinergic motor neurons (MNs) to produce OPCs when the first synapses are formed in the ventral‐lateral marginal zone. We discovered that when the first synapses form onto MNs, axoglial synapses also form onto the processes of neuro‐epithelial precursors located in the marginal zone as they differentiate into OPCs. After leaving the neuro‐epithelium, these pioneer OPCs preferentially accumulate in the marginal zone where they are contacted by functional glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Spontaneous activity of these axoglial synapses was significantly potentiated by cholinergic signaling acting through presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Moreover, we discovered that chronic nicotine treatment significantly increases early OPC proliferation and density in the marginal zone. Our results demonstrate that OPCs are contacted by functional synapses as soon as they emerge from their precursor domain and that embryonic spinal cord colonization by OPCs can be regulated by cholinergic signaling acting onto these axoglial synapses.
The extracellular matrix: Focus on oligodendrocyte biology and targeting CSPGs for remyelination therapies
Authors: Pu Annie , Stephenson Erin L. , Yong V. Wee 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe repair of myelin, termed remyelination, is a regenerative process that occurs within the central nervous system in conditions such as multiple sclerosis. Remyelination is enabled by oligodendrocytes that mature from oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Many factors influence the biology of oligodendrocytes and their capacity to reform myelin, and considerable evidence now implicates the extracellular matrix within the injured central nervous system as a major modifier of remyelination. Herein, we review current knowledge of components of the brain extracellular matrix that are beneficial or inhibitory for oligodendrocyte recruitment and maturation, and for their capacity to remyelinate where evidence exists. We highlight the detrimental roles of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in remyelination and discuss approaches to alter the brain extracellular matrix for the wellbeing of oligodendrocytes and their capacity for myelin regeneration.
Impact of prediabetes on poststroke depression in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Xiao Meijuan , Wang Qiongzhang , Ren Wenwei , Zhang Zheng , Wu Xujie , Wang Zhen , Feng Liang , Chen Siyan , He Jincai 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveIt is unknown whether prediabetes is a predictor of poststroke depression (PSD). We aimed to explore the relationship between prediabetes and PSD in Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study, and a total of 358 patients with acute ischemic stroke were recruited and enrolled. Patients were divided into 3 groups: normal glucose group (NGT, n = 96), prediabetes group (preDM, n = 134, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and/or HbA1c (A1c) 5.7%‐6.4%), and the diabetes mellitus group (DM, n = 128). At 1 month after stroke, patients with a Hamilton Depression Scale score of ≥8 were diagnosed as PSD.ResultsIn post hoc comparisons, the risk of PSD in patients with diabetes and prediabetes was higher than patients with NGT (37.5% vs 31.3% vs 14.6%, P = .001). Compared with NGT, the incidence rate of PSD in patients with prediabetes with HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4% and patients with prediabetes with IFG/IGT + HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4% was higher (35.3% vs 14.6%, 38.0% vs 14.6%; P = .006; P = .003, respectively). In logistic regression, prediabetes with HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4% and prediabetes with IFG/IGT + HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4% were a significant independent predictor of PSD after adjusting for potential confounding factors, with odd ratios of 1.731 and 1.978, respectively.ConclusionsOur study showed that prediabetes was associated with PSD and may predict its development at 1 month poststroke. In prediabetes subgroups, patients with HbA1c 5.7% to 6.4% were more likely to develop PSD compared to NGT and IFG/IGT groups.
Systematic review evaluating randomized controlled trials of smoking and alcohol cessation interventions in people with head and neck cancer and oral dysplasia
Authors: Shingler Ellie , Robles Luke A. , Perry Rachel , Penfold Chris , Ness Andy R. , Thomas Steve , Lane J. Athene , Martin Richard M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBackgroundSmoking and alcohol increase the risk of head and neck cancer and affect treatment outcomes. Interventions modifying these behaviors may improve posttreatment outcomes and survival. We systematically reviewed evidence of the effectiveness of smoking/alcohol interventions in head and neck cancer and oral dysplasia.MethodsThe AMED, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of smoking/alcohol interventions in people with head and neck cancer. A qualitative synthesis of the studies was conducted.ResultsThree RCTs were identified: 2 smoking interventions and 1 smoking and alcohol intervention. One intervention, which was comprised of a smoking intervention based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and pharmacologic management compared to usual care, reduced smoking prevalence.ConclusionFurther research is required into the underlying mechanisms that lead to cessation and interventions that include both pharmacological and behavioral therapy. Future RCTs should include suitable control conditions and sufficient power to assess clinical outcomes.
Standard methods for the assessment of structural and functional diversity of soil organisms: A review
Authors: Römbke Jörg , Bernard Jeannette , Martin-Laurent Fabrice 
Published: March 2018

Abstract

The lack of standardized methods to study soil organisms prevents comparisons across data sets and the development of new global and regional experiments and assessments. Moreover, standardized methods are needed to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic stressors, such as chemicals, on soil organism communities in the regulatory context. The goal of this contribution is to summarize current methodological approaches to measure structural and functional diversity of soil organisms, and to identify gaps and methodological improvements so as to cross data sets generated worldwide. This is urgently needed because several currently ongoing regional and global soil biodiversity studies are not coordinated with one another in terms of methodology, including database development. Therefore, we evaluated the standard methods to sample, identify, determine, and assess soil organisms currently applied or proposed, using well-accepted criteria such as ecological relevance; practicability of usage in terms of resources, time, and costs; and the level of standardization. Methods addressing both the structure and the functions of soil organisms (populations or communities) are included, with a special focus on new molecular methods based on nucleic acid extraction and further analyses by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based approaches for microorganisms and invertebrates. We particularly highlight the activities of the Technical Committee (TC) 190 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) because ISO guidelines are legally accredited by many national or international authorities when they put conservation laws and regulations into practice. Finally, we propose detailed recommendations regarding gaps in the available set of standards, in order to identify a list of new methods to be standardized. We propose to organize this whole process under the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative (GSBI) in order to ensure a truly global approach for the assessment of soil biodiversity. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2018;14:463–479. © 2018 SETAC

Key Points
Lack of standard methods hampers the protection of soil organism communities. A list of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard methods in the area of soil biodiversity is provided and discussed. Both “traditional” as well as modern (e.g., genetical) methods are presented. Detailed recommendations are proposed in order to close gaps in the existing list of standards.
Prognostic factors for the use of intrauterine balloon tamponade in the management of severe postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Kong Choi Wah , To William W. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo identify prognostic factors associated with successful management of severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) using intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT).MethodsRetrospective review of all cases of severe PPH with blood loss greater than 1 L in a tertiary unit in Hong Kong from July 1, 2012, to June 30, 2017. Records of patients who had undergone IUBT insertion were reviewed. Univariate analysis and logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors for successful management with IUBT.ResultsOf 22 860 deliveries during the study period, severe PPH occurred in 1.4% (n=311), and IUBT was attempted in 26.0% (n=81) of these patients. IUBT alone was successful in arresting hemorrhage in 72.8% (n=59), and the overall rate for avoiding hysterectomy was 86.4% (n=70). Presence of coagulopathy (P=0.048) and placenta accreta (P=0.048) were the adverse prognostic factors associated with higher failure rates. Less blood loss (≤1400 mL) at the time of insertion of IUBT and a positive tamponade test (≤50 mL of blood drained from the uterus within the first 30 minutes after insertion of IUBT) were good predictors for success of IUBT.ConclusionThe presence of adverse prognostic factors should prompt early resort to other treatment modalities or hysterectomy as a salvage procedure.
Performance of duo‐binary turbo codes with optimized hierarchical modulation
Authors: Beeharry Yogesh , Fowdur Tulsi Pawan , Soyjaudah Krishnaraj Madhavjee Sunjiv 
Published: March 2018

Non‐binary turbo codes (TCs) have become an important class of TCs following the adoption of duo‐binary TCs (DBTCs) in the digital video broadcasting with return channel via satellite (DVB‐RCS) standard. Several hierarchical modulation (HM) schemes for binary TCs have been proposed with a view to enhancing their performance. However, the existing techniques make use of fixed parameters throughout the Eb/N0 range and have not been applied to non‐binary TCs. In this paper, optimum parameters have been derived from exhaustive simulations for performing HM with 8‐PSK integrated with DBTCs. To validate the improved error performances obtained with the optimized parameters for HM, EXIT charts have been generated. Moreover, a model that could predict the optimized parameters at each Eb/N0 using K‐nearest neighbor (K‐NN)‐based binary classification has been derived from the results of exhaustive simulations. Significant improvement in error performances have been observed with the proposed scheme. For example, with a couple length of 48, code rate of 1/3 or 1/2, and 8‐PSK modulation, a significant average gain of 0.5 dB is obtained over conventional DBTCs without HM.
#SoundingOutMySilence: Readinga LGBTQYouth's Sonic Cartography as Multimodal (Counter)Storytelling
Authors: Wargo Jon M. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractBy partnering theoretical insights from multiliteracies, queer phenomenology, and sound studies, this article underscores sound's capacity as a resource for adolescent multimodal writing. Refracted through a singularLGBTQyouth's practice of sonic cartography, the practice of mapping narrative through sound, the author articulates how sound came to impact the student's multiliterate practice and expression. Findings suggest that sonic cartography became a form of (counter)storytelling. It carried with it new ways of knowing, being, and being known forLGBTQyouths. Presenting a topography of life through phenomenological experiences, the author theoretically reroutes research on adolescent multimodal composition by examining the numerous rhythms, routes, and frictions among sound, identity, writing, and injustice. Pedagogically, the author asks educators to consider how sound operates as more than text, how the spatial stories that students compose may turn up the volume on formal and informal spaces of literacy learning, and how these intersect with issues of identity and power.
Assessing the risk of epidemic dropsy from black salve use
Authors: Croaker Andrew , King Graham J. , Pyne John H. , Anoopkumar‐Dukie Shailendra , Liu Lei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEpidemic dropsy is a potentially life‐threatening condition resulting from the ingestion of argemone oil derived from the seeds of Argemone mexicana Linn. Exposure to argemone oil is usually inadvertent, arising from mustard cooking oil adulteration. Sanguinarine, an alkaloid present in argemone oil, has been postulated as a causative agent with the severity of epidemic dropsy correlating with plasma sanguinarine levels. Cases of epidemic dropsy have also been reported following the topical application of argemone containing massage oil. Black salve, a topical skin cancer therapy also contains sanguinarine, but at significantly higher concentrations than that reported for contaminated massage oil. Although not reported to date, a theoretical risk therefore exists of black salve inducing epidemic dropsy. This literature review explores the presentation and pathophysiology of epidemic dropsy and assesses the risk of it being induced by black salve.
Development of asymmetric resorbable membranes for guided bone and surrounding tissue regeneration
Authors: Fidalgo C. , Rodrigues M. A. , Peixoto T. , Lobato J. V. , Santos J. D. , Lopes M. A. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMembranes design for guided tissue engineering have been studied to aid in cell viability and function as tissue barriers. Two asymmetric resorbable membranes for guided bone regeneration (GBR) were produced: chitosan/pectin/poly‐caprolactone (PECm) and poly(vinyl alcohol)/polyethylenimine/poly(ethylene glycol) (PVAm). Both membranes were characterized by physical, chemical, mechanical, degradation rate, and in vitro biological assessment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the membranes asymmetry, in which PECm asymmetry is given by roughness and chemical composition, while PVAm's only by differences in porosity. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified chemical groups and bonds between polymers. Both sides of PVAm revealed to be hydrophobic, whereas the PECm presented one side with higher hydrophobicity than the other. In vitro biological assessment disclosed that PECm presented a higher cell adhesion growth pattern than PVAm, where it seemed to occur a delay in proliferation due to initial low cell adhesion. Both developed membranes are suitable for GBR, since both membranes fulfil the requirements to be used as a tissue barrier. The PECm has an additional role in cell viability that was not observed in the PVAm. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 2141‐2150, 2018.
In vitro assessment of electrospun polyamide‐6 scaffolds for esophageal tissue engineering
Authors: Zhuravleva Margarita , Gilazieva Zarema , Grigoriev Timofei E. , Shepelev Alexey D. , Kh. Tenchurin Timur , Kamyshinsky Roman , Krasheninnikov Sergey V. , Orlov Sergei , Caralogli Gina , Archipova Svetlana , Holterman Mark J. , Mavlikeev Mikhail , Deev Roman V. , Chvalun Sergei N. , Macchiarini Paolo 
Published: March 2018

AbstractArtificial tissue‐engineered grafts offer a potential alternative to autologous tissue grafts for patients, which can be traumatic. After decellularizing Papio hamadryas esophagus and studying the morphology and physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), we generated electrospun polyamide‐6 based scaffolds to mimic it. The scaffolds supported a greater mechanical load than the native ECM and demonstrated similar 3D microstructure, with randomly aligned fibers, 90% porosity, 29 μm maximal pore size, and average fiber diameter of 2.87 ± 0.95 µm. Biocompatibility studies showed that human adipose‐ and bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD‐MSC and BMD‐MSC) adhered to the scaffold surface and showed some proliferation: scaffold cell coverage was 25% after 72 h of incubation when seeded with 1000 cells/mm2; cells elongated processes along the polyamide‐6, although they flattened 1.67–4 times less than on cell culture plastic. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, however, showed poor adherence and proliferation. We thus provide in vitro evidence that polyamide‐6 scaffolds approximating the esophageal biomechanics and 3D topography of nonhuman primates may provide a biocompatible substrate for both AD‐MSC and BMD‐MSCs, supporting their adhesion and survival to some degree. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 253–268, 2019.
Optia® continuous mononuclear collection (CMNC) system is a safe and efficient system for hematopoietic progenitor cells‐apheresis (HPC‐a) collection and yields a lower product hematocrit (HCT%) than the COBE® spectra system: A retrospective study
Authors: Pandey Soumya , Cottler‐Fox Michele 
Published: March 2018

PurposeWe evaluated the Optia® continuous mononuclear collection (CMNC) system for hematopoietic progenitor cell‐apheresis (HPC‐A) collection (Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO) compared to the COBE® Spectra (Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO), including both large volume leukapheresis (LVL) and non‐LVL collections.MethodsWe performed a retrospective data analysis of all autologous HPC‐A collections with the Optia® CMNC system (n = 93; LVL = 59, non‐LVL = 34) since implementation at our institution and compared it with a similar number of concurrent collections utilizing the COBE® Spectra (n = 96; LVL = 68, non‐LVL = 28). The population studied included multiple myeloma (62 patients/171 collections) and lymphoma (5 patients/18 collections). Mobilization was achieved using chemotherapy + G‐CSF (n = 108), chemotherapy + G‐CSF + plerixafor (n = 67), G‐CSF alone (n = 10), or G‐CSF + plerixafor (n = 4). Based on our minimum predicted collection formula and the collection goal, 7‐30 L of whole blood was processed. Per protocol, a minimum of 2 days of collection was performed.ResultsHPC‐A collected on Optia® CMNC had lower %HCT than those collected on COBE® Spectra (3.7 versus 4.3%, P = .029). There were no statistically significant differences between the two devices for other variables examined, including preapheresis WBC count and CD34+ cell count, procedure time, whole blood volume processed, collection efficiency (CE2), % platelet loss and throughput. CE2 for both devices was higher when <30 L of whole blood volume was processed. A linear correlation was noted between the preapheresis CD34+ cell count and CD34+ cells collected. No adverse events or bleeding episodes were noted, even when acetyl salicyclic acid (ASA) was given.ConclusionsOptia® CMNC system is equivalent to the COBE® Spectra, with significantly lower product HCT%.
An improved reference method for serum cations measurement by ion chromatography
Authors: Zou Jihua , Shen Min , Zhang Man , Tu Minmin , Feng Rui , Yan Ying , Zou Bingde 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundTo improve the accuracy of the routine methods in laboratory medicine, ion chromatography with a simple sample treatment procedure, which can completely remove the proteins and/or organics in human serum, has been developed for the determination of serum cations.MethodsChromatographic conditions for the separate and simultaneous determination of K, Na, Ca, and Mg were investigated. Furthermore, various factors influencing the mineralization of human serum, such as the selection and amount of oxidant, were also examined systematically and optimized.ResultsThe optimized experimental conditions are as follows: 1.0 mL of serum specimen digested with 2 mL nitric acid (120°C) followed by 2 mL hydrogen peroxide (80°C). The specimens were then redissolved and determined by ion chromatography under the optimum eluent concentration of 32 mmol/L methanesulfonic acids. The measurement accuracy and precision are less than 1.0% for all the analytes by analyzing NIST certified reference materials, IFCC‐RELA specimens and serum specimens. The results were also comparable with the reference values obtained by the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS), which were found to be in good agreement.ConclusionsIon chromatography with a simple sample treatment procedure for the determination of cations in human serum with high sensitivity and specificity was developed. The proposed method could be recommended as a candidate reference method for the determination of serum cations.
Risk factors and mortality rate in premature babies with acute kidney injury
Authors: Elmas Ahmet Taner , Tabel Yılmaz , Özdemir Ramazan 
Published: March 2018

BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common morbidity in neonatal intensive care units and associated with poor outcome. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AKI and provide a demographic data and risk factors associated with the mortality and morbidity.MethodsThis is a retrospective study included 105 premature babies. Diagnosis of AKI was based on neonatal KDIGO classification criteria. The babies were stratified into two groups according to AKI status during the hospitalization. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the AKI group were compared to non‐AKI group.ResultsAKI occurred in 21 (20.0%) of 105 premature babies, and mortality rate in these babies was 61.9%. Lower gestational weeks, lower Apgar scores at 5 minutes, lower systolic blood pressures, and inotropic supports were independent risk factors for the development of AKI in preterm babies (P < .05, for each). Oliguria, preeclampsia/eclampsia, resuscitation at birth, lower diastolic blood pressure, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), inotropic support, and furosemide treatment were associated with the mortality (P < .05, for each).ConclusionsPrenatal risk factors and medical interventions are associated with AKI, and AKI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, identification of AKI is very important in this vulnerable population and it should be performed as quickly as possible in all babies who are at high risk for developing of AKI.