bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EQUIPAMENTO PORTÁTIL PARA MEDIÇÃO DA RESISTÊNCIA À TRAÇÃO DE TAPETES DE GRAMA
Authors: Santos Alessandro José Marques , Boas Roberto Lyra Villas , Backes Clarice , Godoy Leandro José Grava , Lima Claudinei Paulo de 
Published: August 2018

Com a crescente demanda para produção e comercialização de gramas em tapetes, critérios de qualidade devem ser estabelecidos. Um atributo que pode ser determinante da qualidade dos tapetes e do rendimento (número de tapetes por área) é a resistência mecânica ao manuseio na colheita e transporte. Objetivou-se com este trabalho relatar a construção de equipamento para medição de resistência de tapetes de grama, dando ênfase ao seu funcionamento e eficiência como ferramenta útil na determinação deste atributo. O equipamento é constituído de estrutura rígida com acessórios que fixam o tapete e imprimem tração no sistema, registrando-se a força exercida em dinamômetro de carga. Para a realização do ensaio foram colhidos tapetes de grama em área experimental numa propriedade, em Capela do Alto, SP, em que os tratamentos foram constituídos por dois tipos de adubação (NPK: 300 kg ha-1 + kg ha-1 P2O5 + 200 kg ha-1 K2O e somente N: 300 kg ha-1) e três espessuras de corte do tapete (9, 16 e 22 mm). O equipamento foi eficiente na determinação da resistência à tração dos tapetes de grama esmeralda e foi capaz de diferenciar as condições como adubação e espessuras de tapete, de modo prático, no campo e de forma rápida.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gramado, Cisalhamento, Colheita, Qualidade. PORTABLE EQUIPMENT FOR TENSILE STRENGTH OF SODABSTRACT: With the increasing demand for sod production and marketing, quality indexes should be established. An attribute that can be determinant to the sod quality and yield (number of sods by area) is the tensile strength in handling, harvest and transport. The aim of this work was to report the construction of an equipment to determine sods tensile strength, emphasizing its functioning and efficiency as a useful tool. . The equipment consists of a rigid structure with accessories that secure the sod and print traction system, recording the force exerted on the dynamometer load. For the test sods were collected from the experimental area at a farm in Capela do Alto, São Paulo State, Brazil. The treatment had two types of fertilization (NPK: 300 kg ha-1 N + 80 kg ha-1 P2O5 + 200 kg ha-1 K2Oand only N: 300 kg ha-1N) and three thicknesses cutting sod (9, 16 and 22 mm) . The equipment was efficient in determining the tensile strength of zoysia grass sod and was able to differentiate conditions such as fertilization and thicknesses, in a practical and quickly way, in the field.KEYWORDS: Turfgrass, Shear. Harvest, Quality
APLICAÇÃO DE BACTÉRIAS DIAZOTRÓFICAS VIA SISTEMA DE IRRIGAÇÃO PARA FIXAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA DE NITROGÊNIO NA CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR
Authors: Simões Welson Lima , Oliveira Anderson Ramos , Reis Veronica Massena , Pereira Willian , Lima Jair Andrade 
Published: August 2018

Os custos dos fertilizantes nitrogenados representam uma limitação ao cultivo da cultura da cana-de-açúcar, sendo uma das alternativas a utilização de bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio. Entretanto, diante da competitividade do mercado, estudos ainda são necessários para determinação da forma mais viável para o fornecimento das bactérias. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de bactérias diazotróficas fixadoras de nitrogênio, via água de irrigação, no desenvolvimento da cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado na casa de vegetação da Embrapa Semiárido, em Petrolina-PE, no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, onde se avaliou o comportamento das cultivares de cana-de-açúcar RB92579 e VAT90212 em duas épocas de aplicação: 10 e 20 dias após emergência e em três concentrações de solução inoculante de bactérias: 106, 107 e 108 células mL-1, aplicadas via sistema de irrigação. A cultivar RB92579 apresentou um desenvolvimento melhor que a cultivar VAT90212. A época mais adequada de aplicação das bactérias diazotróficas via sistema de irrigação é aos 10 dias após a emergência das plantas, em cana planta. A concentração de 106 células mL-1 proporciona maior biomassa fresca e seca de colmo, sendo esta concentração a mais indicada para se proceder a inoculação. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Biometria, Cana Planta, Concentração De Inoculante. APPLICATION OF DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA BY IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR BIOLOGICAL FIXATION OF NITROGEN IN SUGARCANEABSTRACT: The costs of nitrogen fertilizers represent a limitation to the cultivation of sugarcane. One of the alternatives to supply the demand is the use of nitrogen fixing bacteria. In irrigated crops, it is necessary to evaluate viable forms for the supply of bacteria. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of nitrogen fixing diazotrophic bacteria by irrigation water in the development of sugarcane. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Embrapa Semiárido, Petrolina-PE, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design, with four replications, where the behavior of RB92579 and VAT90212 sugarcane varieties was evaluated in two application times: 10 and 20 days after emergence and in three concentrations of bacterial inoculum solution: 106, 107 and 108 mL-1 cells, applied by irrigation water. The cultivar RB92579 presented better development than the cultivar VAT90212. The most appropriate time of application of the diazotrophic bacteria via irrigation system is at 10 days after the emergence of the plants, in plant cane. The concentration of 106 cells mL-1 gives higher fresh and dry biomass of stalk, this concentration being the most appropriate for inoculation.KEYWORDS: Biometry, Plant Cane, Inoculant Concentration.
BALANÇO ENERGÉTICO DOS SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO DE CAFÉ CONVENCIONAL E IRRIGADO
Authors: Turco Patricia Helena Nogueira , Esperancini Maura Seiko Tsutsui , Bueno Osmar de Carvalho , Mascarenhas Oliveira Marli Dias 
Published: August 2018

Neste estudo, estimamos os dispêndios energéticos nos sistemas de produção de café convencional e irrigado por gotejo. Para tal, construiu-se o itinerário técnico dos quatro anos de produção de café dos dois sistemas. Os insumos utilizados (mão-de-obra, horas máquina, irrigação, defensivos, fertilizantes, entre outros) convertidos em unidades de energia, quantificaram as entradas energéticas, enquanto a produção de café em grão beneficiado constituiu a saída energética. Para o levantamento dos requerimentos de insumos e de volume de produção de café utilizou-se uma amostragem probabilística intencional. Foram entrevistados cinco produtores cuja principal fonte de renda é a produção de café e que mantêm registros dos dados da cultura. Os resultados energéticos mostram que na estrutura de dispêndios energéticos por tipo, fonte e origem, tem-se que a energia indireta participou com mais de 66%, sendo os adubos os dispêndios mais altos. O balanço energético, que mostra a diferença entre as energias totais e “entradas” de energias não renováveis, foi positivo nos dois sistemas produtivos, em média de 25.258,55 MJ ha-1 para o café convencional e 26.712,94 MJ ha-1 para o café irrigado por gotejo. A melhor opção entre os dois sistemas para o produtor em termos energéticos é o café irrigado por gotejo, pois possibilita que o produtor tenha uma melhor saída de energia mesmo tendo um valor maior no balanço energético.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Café, Sistema De Produção, Dispêndios Energéticos. ENERGY BALANCE OF CONVENTIONAL AND IRRIGATED COFFEE PRODUCTION SYSTEMSABSTRACT: In this study, we estimated the energy expenditure in both conventional and drip irrigated coffee production systems. Therefore, the technical itinerary from both systems four years coffee production was constructed. The inputs used (labor, machine hours, irrigation, pesticides, fertilizers, among others) were converted into energy units quantifying the energy input, while the benefited coffee beans produced the output energy. An intentional and non-probabilistic sampling was used to survey the systems requirements of inputs and volume of coffee production. Five producers were interviewed whose main source of income is coffee production and have kept records of crop data. Indirect energy represented more than 66% of energy balance, from which fertilizers expressed the highest expenditures. The energy balance, which shows the difference between total energies and non-renewable energies, was positive in both production systems, averaging 25,258.55 MJ ha-1 in conventional coffee and 26,712.94 MJ ha-1 in drip irrigated coffee. Regarding energy balance, the best system option is drip irrigated coffee, since it allows the producer to have a better output of energy even though with higher value in energy balance.KEYWORDS: Coffee, Production System, Energy Expenditure.
CARACTERIZAÇÃO QUÍMICA E PROTEÔMICA DOS GRÃOS SECOS DE DESTILARIA COM SOLÚVEIS (DDGS) DE MILHO
Authors: Spneski Sperotto Felipe Carlos , Brandão Fernando João Bispo , Leite Aline de Lima , Padilha Pedro de Magalhães , Biaggioni Marco Antonio Martin 
Published: August 2018

Com a busca por combustíveis de fontes renováveis aumentou-se o interesse pelo etanol. No Brasil, a possibilidade da produção de etanol a partir da cultura do milho, apresenta-se como uma alternativa promissora, principalmente no período da entressafra da cana-de-açúcar. Após a produção de etanol do milho, gera-se um coproduto conhecido como ``distiller’s dried grains with soluble (DDGS)`` ou grãos secos de destilaria com solúveis, usado na alimentação animal como fonte de proteína. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as proteínas e quantificar os minerais de interesse presentes no DDGS de milho, permitindo assim, um melhor emprego deste coproduto como fonte de energia na forma de alimentação animal. Para tanto, foram utilizadas técnicas analíticas de caracterização química e bioquímica. Os resultados indicam que o DDGS de milho apresenta em sua constituição mineral, altas concentrações de enxofre, cobre e cobalto indicando a necessidade de caracterizar o produto antes de disponibiliza-lo como ração. O uso da técnica proteômica possibilitou levantar 191 proteínas presentes no DDGS.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ZEA mays, Resíduos Agroindustriais, Proteômica, Nutrição Animal. CHEMICAL AND PROTEOMICS CHARACTERIZATION OF CORN DISTILLER’S DRIED GRAINS WITH SOLUBLES (DDGS) ABSTRACT: The search for fuels from renewable sources increases the interest in ethanol. In Brazil, the possibility of ethanol production from maize is a promising alternative, especially in the sugarcane off-season. After the corn ethanol production, a co-product known as "distiller's dried grains with soluble (DDGS)" is generated and used as a protein source in animal feed. This work aimed to characterize the proteins and quantify the minerals of interest present in the corn DDGS, thus allowing a better use of this coproduct as an energy source for animal feed. For that, a chemical and biochemical analytical techniques were used for characterization. The results indicate that the mineral corn DDGS presents in its constitution, high concentrations of sulfur, copper and cobalt indicating the need to characterize the product before making it available as animal feed. The use of the proteomic technique allowed raising 191 proteins present in DDGS.KEYWORDS: ZEA mays, Agro-Industrial Wastes, Proteomics, Animal Nutrition.
The Development and Impact of Clinical Skills Handbooks in Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Motamedi Ryan Nickan 
Published: August 2018

Introduction: Traditional teaching of clinical skills in medical school commonly entails didactic teaching followed by practice sessions with Standardized Patients (SPs) for particular skills, such as the cardiovascular exam. To address the need for briefer and more concise reference guides from standard textbooks and to consolidate skills expectations, the University of Ottawa developed clinical skills handbooks for students. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students’ use of these handbooks in the pre-clinical and clinical years.
Methods: We distributed a survey to second, third, and fourth year medical students at the University of Ottawa from November 2016 to January 2017. The survey assessed how frequently students used the booklets and their opinions on the usefulness of the booklets as a learning tool.
Results: There were 121 respondents of 492 students eligible for the survey. Of the respondents, 96.7% claimed to have used the booklets, and 75% claimed it was their primary resource for physical exam skills education. The majority of pre-clinical students used the booklets when learning a physical exam – 65% almost always, and 97% at least sometimes. The majority of clinical students (also referred to as clerkship students) used the booklets when reviewing a physical exam – 25% almost always, and 64% at least sometimes. Most students used the booklets when studying for OSCEs – 65% almost always, and 94% at least sometimes.
Conclusions: Students at the University of Ottawa found the clinical skills handbooks to be a valuable resource during their medical training and for the majority, it was their most commonly used reference. These findings support the need for further development and use of these resources.
Evaluation of a Community-based Concussion Prevention and Advocacy Program at the University of Ottawa
Authors: Liu Henry 
Published: August 2018

Background: Injury prevention and advocacy often receives little attention in medical education despite constituting a leading cause of morbidity and premature deaths. Brain Waves is a national concussion prevention program where medical student volunteers (MSVs) deliver a one-hour interactive presentation at the classroom level. This paper reviews the data from the past eleven years of curriculum delivery, highlighting the successes and challenges towards initiating an injury prevention advocacy program at the medical school level.
Methods: Our database included demographics collected from 2007 to 2017 as well as online survey ratings and written feedback from participating teachers and MSVs for the 2016 and 2017 school years.
Results: The Ottawa’s Brain Waves program has been successful in the recruitment of 636 MSVs and delivering the curriculum to 9848 elementary school students over the past 11 years. Survey responses from MSVs (N=36) rated their experience positively on a 5-item Likert scale for the following dimensions for the injury prevention curriculum: Training satisfaction (4.72±0.46), Competence (4.80±0.41) and Timing (4.51±0.67). Teacher responses (N=10) showed that 90% rated the program as “Good” or “Excellent”. Written feedback from MSVs and teachers highlighted the importance of time management, focused-lesson plans and activity-based engagement.
Conclusions: Through involvement in the Ottawa Brain Waves program, MSVs actively contributed to mitigating risks of accidental brain injuries, adapted to the needs of the classroom and heightened their curiosity in community-based advocacy.
Medios alternativos de solución de conflictos y su relacion con los acuerdos reparatorios en materia penal: una nueva forma de acceso a la justicia
Authors: Campos Amalia Patricia Cobos , Rodríguez José Luis Chacón , Cobos Claudia Patricia González , Díaz Roberto Aude , Alcalá Lila Magüregui 
Published: August 2018

Los Medios alternativos de solución de conflictos constituyen la base del Sistema Acusatorio Adversarial, en la medida en que pueden considerarse como un tipo de muro de contención donde, no sólo el sistema criminal, sino también cualquier otro sistema de justicia, tiene el primer contacto con el gobernado que solicita acceso a la justicia. Estos mecanismos, en conjunción con el concepto de Justicia Restaurativa, representan una figura de novedosa inclusión en el sistema jurídico mexicano y pilar del Sistema Adversarial, intentando crear una nueva cultura en la resolución de conflictos y especialmente en la justicia por la paz. No podemos negar que los mecanismos alternativos de solución de conflictos están estrechamente relacionados con la celebración de acuerdos reparatorios, totalmente regulados por el Código Nacional de Procedimientos Penales, estableciendo su definición, los casos de origen, los motivos de inadmisibilidad, la oportunidad de solicitar y presentando una visión general de en donde pueden ser una manera eficaz de resolver conflictos y si es posible, establecer una forma adecuada para el monitoreo y vigilancia de los mismos.
An evaluation of eating attitudes in patients with migraine and tension type headache
Authors: İnanç Yılmaz , Orhan Fatma Özlem , Erdoğan Ayşegül , GÖKÇE Mustafa , İnanç Yusuf , Özyurt Erdem 
Published: August 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine eating
attitudes in patients with migraine and tension type headache. Methods: The study included 89 patients diagnosed with
migraine according to the International Headache Society (IHS) 2004 criteria,
87 patients with tension type headache and 89 healthy volunteers matched in
terms of age, gender and education level. A detailed neurological examination
was made of all the participants and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT), the Beck
Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were applied. Results: In the comparisons of
the EAT points, 23 of the tension type headache group and 18 of the migraine group were in the
EAT ≥ 30 group, which was a statistically significantly higher rate compared to
the control group (p = 0.099). The
mean BDI points and the mean BAI points of both the migraine and the tension type headache groups
were statistically significantly higher than those of the control group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively).

Conclusions: The results showed impairment in the eating attitudes of patients with
migraine and tension type headache compared to the control group. When it is
considered that some foodstuffs trigger headaches, eating disorders or impaired
attitudes to eating become important.
EFEITO DO TIPO DE COBERTURA DA INSTALAÇÃO SOBRE O AMBIENTE E RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS DE CORDEIROS
Authors: Machado Nítalo André Farias , Leite Marcos Renan Lima , Andrade Hosana Aguiar Freitas de , Maia Parente Michelle De Oliveira , Furtado Mariléia Barros , Pereira Alécio Matos , Kawabta Celso Yoji 
Published: August 2018

Nesta pesquisa avaliou-se as respostas fisiológicas de frequência respiratória (FR) e temperatura retal (TR) de cordeiros e o ambiente [Índice de Temperatura e Umidade (ITU), Índice de Temperatura de Umidade de Globo Negro (ITGU) e Carga Térmica de Radiação (CTR)] de instalações com diferentes tipos de coberturas [telhados de fibrocimento (TF), telhados de fibrocimentos com pintura (TFP) e telhado com palha de babaçu (TPB)] às 8, 11, 14 e 17 horas, a fim de determinar se o efeito do tipo de cobertura utilizado nas instalações sobre o ambiente térmico e a fisiologia de termorregulação dos cordeiros. Foram utilizados 30 animais (idade de 7 meses e peso 18,04 ± 1,5 kg) e três instalações de alvenaria com aérea 15 m² e pé direito 2 m, a qual a única diferença consistia no tipos de telhado. Foram coletados dados para TR e FR por meio de termômetros clínicos digitais e movimentos do flanco por minuto. As variáveis climáticas para os cálculos de CTR, ITU e ITGU foram mensurados com sensores datalogger. Os dados foram submetidos a ANOVA utilizando o teste t de Student’s (P<0,05). Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdividas para CTR, ITU e ITGU, considerando como repetição os dias de coleta, e o delineamento em blocos completos causalizados com parcelas subdivididas no tempo, (parcelas: tipos de cobertura e subparcelas: horários de coleta) considerando como repetição os animais. A cobertura de palha de babaçu promovem melhores condições de conforto térmico, porém os telhados de fibrocimentos podem proporcionar um conforto térmico similar quando pintados em sua superfície externa e interna. Os horários de 11 e 14 horas são os mais severos as condições de ambiente da instalação, temperatura retal e frequência respiratória em relação aos horários de 8 e 17horas.
Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Feedbacks on Crop Yields under Climate Change
Authors: Basso B. , Dumont B. , Maestrini B. , Shcherbak I. , Robertson G. P. , Porter J. R. , Smith P. , Paustian K. , Grace P. R. , Asseng S. , Bassu S. , Biernath C. , Boote K. J. , Cammarano D. , De Sanctis G. , Durand J.‐L. , Ewert F. , Gayler S. , Hyndman D. W. , Kent J. , Martre P. , Nendel C. , Priesack E. , Ripoche D. , Ruane A. C. , Sharp J. , Thorburn P. J. , Hatfield J. L. , Jones J. W. , Rosenzweig C. 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
SOC decline, due to increased temperatures, reduces wheat and maize yields globally.
CO2 increase to 540 ppm partially compensates yield losses due to increased temperatures.
Accounting for soil feedbacks is critical when evaluating climate change impacts on crop yield.
A critical omission from climate change impact studies on crop yield is the interaction between soil organic carbon (SOC), nitrogen (N) availability, and carbon dioxide (CO2). We used a multimodel ensemble to predict the effects of SOC and N under different scenarios of temperatures and CO2 concentrations on maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield in eight sites across the world. We found that including feedbacks from SOC and N losses due to increased temperatures would reduce yields by 13% in wheat and 19% in maize for a 3°C rise temperature with no adaptation practices. These losses correspond to an additional 4.5% (+3°C) when compared to crop yield reductions attributed to temperature increase alone. Future CO2 increase to 540 ppm would partially compensate losses by 80% for both maize and wheat at +3°C, and by 35% for wheat and 20% for maize at +6°C, relative to the baseline CO2 scenario.
Effects of Soil Microbes on Methane Emissions from Paddy Fields under Varying Soil Oxygen Conditions
Authors: Chunmei Xu , Liping Chen , Song Chen , Guang Chu , Xiufu Zhang , Danying Wang 
Published: August 2018

Core Ideas
Improvement in the soil oxygen condition reduced methane emissions from the paddy fields.
Methane emissions exhibited two peaks (tillering and booting stage) during rice growth stage.
Methane emissions in the paddy field were mainly concentrated prior to the full heading stage.
Soil oxygen conditions and rice development stages both affected the diurnal variation of the CH4 fluxes.
A two‐year experiment was conducted in southeast China to investigate the effects of microbes at different soil oxygen conditions, including continuous flooding (CF), chemical aeration (CA), and alternate wetting and drying (AWD) on methane (CH4) emissions from paddy fields. Two peaks of seasonal CH4 fluxes appeared at the tillering and booting stages and the first peak was higher than the second. The diurnal CH4 fluxes exhibited one peak during tillering stage and two peaks during booting stage in CF and CA treatments, whereas one peak was observed in AWD treatment. The CA and AWD treatments reduced CH4 emissions but increased rice yield than CF treatment in both years. Compared with CF treatment, the average flux in CA and AWD treatments was reduced by 31.75% and 49.89% in 2015 and by 28.25% and 41.97% in 2016, respectively. The CA and AWD treatments had higher soil redox potentials (Eh), larger methanotrophic pmoA copy numbers, lower soil dehydrogenase activity, lower methanogenic mcrA copy numbers, and lower soil microbial biomass C than CF treatment. Significant positive correlations were observed between the CH4 emissions and the abundance of methanogen, soil dehydrogenase activity, and soil respiration; significant negative correlations were observed between the CH4 emissions and the abundance of methanotrophs, and soil Eh. Our results indicate that an improvement in soil oxygen conditions decreased the abundance of methanogens, increased the abundance of methanotrophs, and improved Eh, thereby contributing to a reduction in the CH4 emissions without affecting rice yield.