bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection against UVB-induced damages in human dermal fibroblasts: efficacy of tricin isolated from enzyme-treated Zizania latifolia extract
Authors: Park Se-Ho , Lee Seung-Su , Bang Myun-Ho , Jo Sung Kwan , Jhee Kwang-Hwan , Yang Seun-Ah 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACT
This study was undertaken to determine the effects of enzyme-treated Zizania latifolia (ETZL) and of its major compound tricin on skin photo-aging and to investigate the mechanisms involved. It was found ETZL and tricin suppressed matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production and increased type I-procollagen production in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Furthermore, ETZL and tricin significantly up-regulated the expressions of the antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and SOD1, reduced UVB-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) induction by ROS and thereby attenuated activator protein-1 (AP-1) expression. In addition, ETZL and tricin both reduced the phosphorylations of IκBα and IKKα/ß and κB blocked the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. These results show that ETZL have skin protective effects against UVB and suggest tricin as major efficacious material in ETZL protecting skin photoaging.
Diplomacy with Memory: How the Past Is Employed for Future Foreign Policy
Authors: Bachleitner Kathrin 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThis article suggests that there exists an alternative form of international political behavior between countries who share a common traumatic past: diplomacy with memory. Diplomacy with memory manifests itself as an official, diplomatic team performance that aims at conveying a certain historic image for the purpose of achieving rational aims on the international stage. In a first step, a theoretical and empirical framework is developed that highlights diplomacy with memory as a strategic diplomatic action that does not conform with mainstream IR models of state behavior. In a second step, the new theoretical model is tested on two selected postconflict scenarios: The bilateral negotiations between West Germany and Israel, and between Austria and Israel about eventual reparation payments to the Jewish state in the early 1950s. Extracting the core elements of the diplomacy with memory from these historical examples, this paper suggests amending the toolkit of traditional diplomatic strategies with memory in order to better explain state behavior in other postconflict situations as they emerge.
Human leukemia cells (HL-60) proteomic and biological signatures underpinning cryo-damage are differentially modulated by novel cryo-additives
Authors: Al-Otaibi Noha A S , Cassoli Juliana S , Martins-de-Souza Daniel , Slater Nigel K H , Rahmoune Hassan 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
Cryopreservation is a routinely used methodology for prolonged storage of viable cells. The use of cryo-protective agents (CPAs) such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), glycerol, or trehalose is paramount to reducing cellular cryo-injury, but their effectiveness is still limited. The current study focuses on establishing and modulating the proteomic and the corresponding biological profiles associated with the cryo-injury of human leukemia (HL-60) cells cryopreserved in DMSO alone or DMSO +/- novel CPAs (e.g., nigerose [Nig] or salidroside [Sal]).

Findings
To reduce cryo-damage, HL-60 cells were cultured prior and post cryopreservation in malondialdehyde Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium-1640 media +/- Nig or Sal. Shotgun proteomic analysis showed significant alterations in the levels of proteins in cells cryopreserved in Nig or Sal compared to DMSO. Nig mostly affected cellular metabolism and energy pathways, whereas Sal increased the levels of proteins associated with DNA repair/duplication, RNA transcription, and cell proliferation. Validation testing showed that the proteome profile associated with Sal was correlated with a 2.8-fold increase in cell proliferative rate. At the functional level, both Nig and Sal increased glutathione reductase (0.0012±6.19E-05 and 0.0016±3.04E-05 mU/mL, respectively) compared to DMSO controls (0.0003±3.7E-05 mU/mL) and reduced cytotoxicity by decreasing lactate dehydrogenase activities (from -2.5 to -4.75 fold) and lipid oxidation (-1.6 fold). In contrast, only Nig attenuated protein carbonylation or oxidation.

Conclusions
We have identified key molecules and corresponding functional pathways underpinning the effect of cryopreservation (+/- CPAs) of HL-60 cells. We also validated the proteomic findings by identifying the corresponding biological profiles associated with promoting an anti-oxidative environment post cryopreservation. Nig or Sal in comparison to DMSO showed differential or additive effects in regard to reducing cryo-injury and enhancing cell survival/proliferation post thaw. These results can provide useful insight to cryo-damage and the design of enhanced cryomedia formulation.
Advanced Endoscopy Trainee Involvement Early in EUS Training May Be Associated with an Increased Risk of Adverse Events
Authors: Khan Usman , Abunassar Michael , Chatterjee Avijit , James Paul D 
Published: December 2018

Abstract

Background
The quality of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) involving advanced endoscopy trainees (AETs) is not well understood. In this study, we aimed to examine adverse events (AE) risk and diagnostic yield of EUS procedures involving AETs.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective single-centre review from September 2009 to August 2015. Clinical, procedural, cytological, and hospital visit data within 30 days of the EUS procedure was collected. Primary outcomes were occurrence of an AE and a diagnostic specimen on cytopathology. Each AE was classified as “definitely related,” “possibly related,” or “not related” to the EUS procedure based on a previously defined consensus approach. Advanced endoscopy trainee involvement was established through the operative report.

Results
Our study included 1657 EUS procedures, of which 27% (451 of 1657) involved AETs. Endoscopic ultrasound was most commonly performed to evaluate pancreatic pathology (46% of cases). Overall AE incidence was 3.4%; it was 4.9% when an AET was involved and 2.8% when the EUS was performed without an AET (P = 0.04). The risk of an AE when AETs were involved was greatest in the first three months of training (7.9% versus 2.7%, P = 0.04). Multivariate analysis limited to the first three months of training demonstrated AET involvement to be associated with an increased AE risk after adjusting for patient and procedural factors (adjusted OR 3.2; 95% CI, 1.1–8.7; P = 0.03). The overall diagnostic yield was 76%. This was not compromised by AET involvement for any quartile of training.

Conclusions
We observed an increased risk of EUS-related AEs when procedures involved AETs during the first three months of training.
Positive Illusory Bias Still Illusory? Investigating Discrepant Self-Perceptions in Girls with ADHD
Authors: Tu Joseph W , Owens Elizabeth B , Hinshaw Stephen P 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether girls with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) demonstrate positive illusory self-perceptions during adolescence and young adulthood.MethodsWe tested, across a 5-year longitudinal span, whether self-perceptions versus external-source ratings were more strongly predictive of young adulthood impairment and depressive symptoms. Participants included an ethnically diverse sample of 140 girls with ADHD and 88 comparison girls, aged 11–18 years (M = 14.2) at adolescent and 19–24 years (M = 19.6) at young adult assessment.ResultsAlthough girls with ADHD rated themselves more positively than indicated by external ratings, their self-reports still did not differ significantly from external ratings in both scholastic competence and social adjustment domains. Comparison girls, on the other hand, rated themselves significantly less positively than indicated by external ratings in social adjustment. Positive discrepancy scores in adolescence did not significantly predict depressive symptoms in young adulthood and vice versa. Crucially, measures of actual competence in adolescence were more strongly associated with young adulthood impairments than were inaccurate self-perceptions for girls with ADHD.ConclusionsOur findings continue to challenge the existence of a positive illusory bias among girls with ADHD, including any association of such bias with key indicators of impairment.
Uneven geographies of asylum accommodation: Conceptualizing the impact of spatial, material, and institutional differences on (un)familiarity between asylum seekers and local residents
Authors: Zill Marielle , van Liempt Ilse , Spierings Bas , Hooimeijer Pieter 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Asylum accommodation is held to isolate asylum seekers spatially and socially from the majority population in host societies. Little attention has been devoted to variation in asylum accommodation at the level of the everyday. Central to this paper is the argument that variation between localities, as well as variation on the level of the built environment creates ‘uneven geographies of asylum accommodation’. The paper theorizes that more ‘open’ forms of asylum accommodation may foster familiarity between asylum seekers and local residents through the development of closer everyday social relations, and more ‘closed’ forms of asylum accommodation may enforce feelings of unfamiliarity by strengthening processes of categorization and everyday bordering. In so doing, we propose to differentiate between ‘spatial’, ‘material’ and ‘institutional’ dimensions of openness of asylum accommodation and aim to understand ‘(un)familiarity’ as expression of people’s experiences, knowledge and perceptions of social distance. We further argue that feelings of (un)familiarity are connected to processes of belonging and estrangement.
From Paradigm-Based Explanation to Pragmatic Genealogy
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWhy would philosophers interested in the points or functions of our conceptual practices bother with genealogical explanations if they can focus directly on paradigmatic examples of the practices we now have?? To answer this question, I compare the method of pragmatic genealogy advocated by Edward Craig, Bernard Williams, and Miranda Fricker—a method whose singular combination of fictionalising and historicising has met with suspicion—with the simpler method of paradigm-based explanation. Fricker herself has recently moved towards paradigm-based explanation, arguing that it is a more perspicuous way of reaping the same explanatory pay-off as pragmatic genealogy while dispensing with its fictionalising and historicising. My aim is to determine when and why the reverse movement from paradigm-based explanation to pragmatic genealogy remains warranted. I argue that the fictionalising and historicising of pragmatic genealogy is well motivated, and I outline three ways in which the method earns its keep: by successfully handling historically inflected practices which paradigm-based explanation cannot handle; by revealing and arguing for connections to generic needs we might otherwise miss; and by providing comprehensive views of practices that place and relate the respects in which they serve both generic and local needs.
The relation between transverse and radial velocity distributions for observations of an isotropic velocity field
Authors: Scherrer Robert J , Loeb Abraham 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
We examine the case of a random isotropic velocity field, in which one of the velocity components (the ‘radial’ component, with magnitude $v$$z$) can be measured easily, while measurement of the velocity perpendicular to this component (the ‘transverse’ component, with magnitude $v$T) is more difficult and requires long-time monitoring. Particularly important examples are the motion of galaxies at cosmological distances and the interpretation of Gaia data on the proper motion of stars in globular clusters and dwarf galaxies. We address two questions: what is the probability distribution of $v$T for a given $v$$z$, and for what choice of $v$$z$ is the expected value of $v$T maximized? We show that, for a given $v$$z$, the probability that $v$T exceeds some value $v$0 is $p(v_T \ge v_0 | v_z) = p_{z} \left(\sqrt{v_0^2 + v_z^2}\right)/{p_z(v_z)}$, where p$z$($v$$z$) is the probability distribution of $v$$z$. The expected value of $v$T is maximized by choosing $v$$z$ as large as possible whenever $\ln p_z(\sqrt{v_z})$ has a positive second derivative, and by taking $v$$z$ as small as possible when this second derivative is negative.
An enigmatic hump around 30 keV in Suzaku spectra of Aquila X-1 in the hard state
Authors: Kubota Megu , Tamagawa Toru , Makishima Kazuo , Nakano Toshio , Iwakiri Wataru , Sugizaki Mutsumi , Ono Ko 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The typical accreting neutron star, Aquila X-1, was observed with Suzaku seven times in the decay phase of an outburst in 2007 September–October. Among them, the second to the fourth observations were performed 10 to 22 days after the outburst peak, when the source was in the hard state with a luminosity of 2 × 1036 erg s−1. A unified spectral model for this type of objects approximately reproduced the 0.8–100 keV spectra obtained in these three observations. However, the spectra all exhibited an enigmatic hump-like excess around 30 keV, above the hard X-ray continuum which is interpreted as arising via Comptonization. The excess feature was confirmed to be significant against statistical and systematic uncertainties. It was successfully represented by a Gaussian centered at ∼32 keV, with a width (sigma) of ∼6 keV and an equivalent width of ∼8.6 keV. Alternatively, the feature can also be explained by a recombination edge model, which produces a quasi-continuum above an edge energy of ∼27 keV with an electron temperature of ∼11 keV and an equivalent width of ∼6.3 keV. These results are discussed in the context of the atomic features of heavy elements synthesized via a rapid-proton capture process during thermonuclear flashes.
Cerebral Hydatid Cyst with Intraventricular Extension: A Case Report
Authors: Kandemirli Sedat Giray , Cingoz Mehmet , Olmaz Burak , Akdogan Emin , Cengiz Mustafa 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Intracranial hydatid cyst is a rare entity, comprising about 2–3% of all hydatid cysts. Similarly, intracranial hydatid cysts account for 1–2% of all intracranial lesions. Clinical symptoms are generally nonspecific and patients usually present with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Cerebral hydatid cysts can be either primary or secondary to systemic hydatid disease. Primary cerebral hydatid cysts are usually solitary, unilocular with an intraparenchymal location. Intraventricular extension of hydatid cysts account for a limited percentage of all cerebral hydatid cysts with limited number of cases reported. Herein, we present the imaging and surgical findings of a primary cerebral hydatid cyst that is located in frontal lobe parenchyma with partial extension into the ventricular system.
Recent advances in gynecologic radiation oncology
Authors: Venkat Puja S. , Parikh Neil , Beron Phillip 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
Radiation has long been a primary treatment modality in locally advanced gynecologic carcinomas and a tool for palliation of metastatic disease. Here we review advances in imaging and radiation technologies and the corresponding clinical evolution of the role for radiation oncology in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies.

Recent findings
Advances in MRI are impacting diagnosis, radiation target delineation, planning, treatment delivery, and response assessment. The combination of MRI and PET-computed tomography (PET-CT) has the potential to significantly change treatment recommendations as compared with a single imaging modality. Advances in radiation delivery including intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) have expanded the role for radiation in the definitive treatment of high risk and oligometastatic ovarian cancer. Finally, global disparities in oncology resources has led to the development of resource stratified treatment guidelines for gynecologic malignancies. The use of ultrasound for brachytherapy planning may help improve access to this critical treatment modality.

Summary
As imaging and radiation technologies advance, the indications for radiation in the treatment of gynecologic malignancies continues to evolve. Here we review the changing landscape of radiation oncology in the multidisciplinary management of gynecologic cancers.
Phenotypes in acute respiratory distress syndrome: moving towards precision medicine
Authors: Sinha Pratik , Calfee Carolyn S. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
To provide an overview of the current research in identifying homogeneous subgroups and phenotypes in ARDS.

Recent findings
In recent years, investigations have used either physiology, clinical data, biomarkers or a combination of these to stratify patients with ARDS into distinct subgroups with divergent clinical outcomes. In some studies, there has also been evidence of differential treatment response within subgroups. Physiologic approaches include stratification based on P/F ratio and ventilatory parameters; stratification based on P/F ratio is already being employed in clinical trials. Clinical approaches include stratification based on ARDS risk factor or direct vs. indirect ARDS. Combined clinical and biological data has been used to identify two phenotypes across five cohorts of ARDS, termed hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory. These phenotypes have widely divergent clinical outcomes and differential response to mechanical ventilation, fluid therapy, and simvastatin in secondary analysis of completed trials. Next steps in the field include prospective validation of inflammatory phenotypes and integration of high-dimensional ‘omics’ data into our understanding of ARDS heterogeneity.

Summary
Identification of distinct subgroups or phenotypes in ARDS may impact future conduct of clinical trials and can enhance our understanding of the disorder, with potential future clinical implications.
Detection and management of dyspnea in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Decavèle Maxens , Similowski Thomas , Demoule Alexandre 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
In ICU patients, dyspnea is one of the most prominent and distressing symptom. We sought to summarize current data on the prevalence and prognostic influence of dyspnea in the ICU setting and to provide concise and useful information for dyspnea detection and management.

Recent findings
As opposed to pain, dyspnea has been a neglected symptom with regard to detection and management. Many factors contribute to the pathogenesis of dyspnea. Among them, ventilator settings seem to play a major role. Dyspnea affects half of mechanically ventilated patient and causes immediate intense suffering [median dyspnea visual analog scale of 5 (4–7)]. In addition, it is associated with delayed extubation and with an increased risk of intubation and mortality in those receiving noninvasive ventilation. However, one-third of critically ill patients are noncommunicative, and therefore, at high risk of misdiagnosis. Heteroevaluation scales based on physical and behavioral signs of respiratory discomfort are reliable and promising alternatives to self-report.

Summary
Dyspnea is frequent and severe in critically ill patients. Implementation of observational scale will help physicians to access to noncommunicative patient's respiratory suffering and tailor its treatment. Further studies on the prognostic impact and management strategies are needed.
Updates on progress in cancer screening for children with hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes
Authors: Rednam Surya P. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
A significant proportion of pediatric cancer occurs in children with hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. Their survival may be significantly improved and/or late effects diminished through screening for their greatly elevated cancer risks. Here, an overview of new developments in the field of pediatric cancer surveillance is provided.

Recent findings
Consensus-based screening guidelines have been developed for most syndromes associated with childhood cancer risks. Studies evaluating the clinical utility of these screening regimens have also been emerging. This review focuses on three conditions for which consensus screening recommendations have been evolving in response to new evidence: Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Li–Fraumeni syndrome, and constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome. For each condition, recently proposed screening guidelines and relevant evidence are described and potential future directions for improving cancer surveillance practices are anticipated. Also, the implications of several recent studies exploring the psychosocial aspects of screening in these conditions are discussed.

Summary
Significant strides have been made in cancer surveillance for children with hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes. A continued emphasis on consensus-driven screening guidelines and collaborative research evaluating the clinical utility of recommended screening methodologies will lead to further improvements in the clinical outcomes of these vulnerable children.
The future of careers in pediatric infectious diseases: a call to action
Authors: Spearman Paul , Bryson Yvonne J. 
Published: December 2018

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to describe some current challenges facing the field of pediatric infectious diseases and discuss strategies for enhancing recognition of the value of infectious disease services and for recruiting new talent to the field.

Recent findings
Pediatric infectious disease programs are currently filling approximately half of their fellowship positions, and salaries are among the lowest in medical subspecialties. Research-intensive careers in pediatric infectious diseases are threatened by low the National Institutes of Health paylines for career development awards. Despite this, there are new opportunities in pediatric infectious diseases in growing areas, such as transplant infectious diseases and antimicrobial stewardship.

Summary
Pediatric infectious disease practitioners are concerned that infectious disease services are often undervalued by the healthcare system. Some of the contributions made by this cognitive specialty to overall patient outcomes are difficult to quantify and are not fully reimbursed. Strategies to enhance value and program support are needed, including sharing individual success stories and collecting data from programs nationally to generate some standards for support of pediatric infectious disease programs in areas, such as antimicrobial stewardship, transplant infectious diseases, and infection prevention. Recruitment of top talent to the field can be enhanced by a number of initiatives that can be implemented at the local level with encouragement and leadership from the pediatric infectious diseases society.