bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introductory Note
Authors: Gomula Joanna 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In 2017 panel and Appellate Body reports were adopted in nine disputes. The disputes concerned alleged violations under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1994 (GATT 1994), the Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement), the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement), the Anti-Dumping Agreement, and the Agreement on Agriculture. Four of the disputes concerned restrictions placed on the importation of animal products (mainly poultry and pigs), such as licensing requirements and import restrictions, tariff rate quotas established following re-negotiations with principal suppliers, and SPS measures. The dispute over a ban on importation of pigs featured an important issue relating to the “regionalization” of SPS measures. Two disputes provided clarification as to the relationship between WTO agreements, in particular, the relationship between GATT 1994 and the Agreement on Agriculture. The year 2017 also saw another case in the “series” of the Airbus/Boeing subsidies disputes, with the United States scoring a victory over the European Union.
Introductory Note
Authors: Alexander Knoops Geert-Jan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In 2017 the International Criminal Court saw a number of significant developments in its handling of complex substantive issues. In the Ntaganda and the Gbagbo and Blé Goudé cases, the court delivered noteworthy decisions on procedural and substantive issues. In the Al Mahdi case, a Reparations Order was issued, confirming certain principles established in the Lubanga case. In the Bemba et al. contempt case, a sentencing decision was handed down by the Court, which addressed novel issues involving the interpretation of Article 76 of the Rome Statute. Moreover, an arrest warrant was issued against Mr. Al-Werfalli in the situation of Libya, which almost entirely relied upon social media evidence, demonstrating a rising trend in the use of digital evidence. Additionally, the Prosecution expanded its investigations, and requested to initiate investigations in Afghanistan and in Burundi. At the same time the ICC jurisdiction was expanded to include the crime of aggression.
Introductory Note
Authors: Raimondi Guido 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This article comments on four important judgments delivered by the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights in 2017. In the case of Paradiso and Campanelli v. Italy, the Court grappled with sensitive ethical issues of surrogacy and parenthood. The Court’s judgment in the case of Bărbulescu v. Romania set out new detailed principles governing states’ positive obligation to protect privacy in a technologically evolving workplace. In Burmych and Others v. Ukraine, the Court was forced to reflect on its proper place in the human rights machinery of the Council of Europe. Finally, Merabishvili v. Georgia constituted a significant moment in the Court’s understanding of legitimate restrictions of rights.
Introductory Note
Authors: Mejía-Lemos Diego 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The PCA administered 160 cases in 2017. These cases comprise 7 inter-state arbitrations, 97 investor-state arbitrations, and 55 other mixed arbitrations, involving various combinations of states, intergovernmental organizations, and public or private entities. Of these cases, 41 were initiated in 2017. The investor-state arbitrations arose under various international investment agreements and national investment laws; the other mixed arbitrations, under contracts. Among the decisions issued in 2017, the Award of 22 February 2017, in WNC Factoring Ltd. v. Czech Republic, and the Final Award of 29 June 2017, in Croatia v. Slovenia, are of particular significance, for their contributions to the interpretation and application of international law.
Populism, Foreign Policy, and the GOP
Authors: Dueck Colin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter investigates the state of foreign policy opinion within the Republican Party today. Perhaps surprisingly, the basic distribution of voter opinion on foreign policy within the GOP has not changed that much since the early Obama era. However, Republican voters do support Trump, and not only because he is an incumbent president from the same party. The GOP has moved in a populist, culturally conservative, and white working-class direction over a period now spanning several decades. In this sense, Trump is as much an effect as a cause. He has broken open prior conservative orthodoxies. In certain ways, on a range of specific issues following his presidency, this leaves the future of Republican foreign policy wide open. But observers should understand that the conservative-leaning American nationalism he has championed is not about to disappear when he leaves the scene. In one form or another, it is here to stay.
Age of Iron
Authors: Dueck Colin 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This final chapter analyzes current geopolitical challenges, and offers US foreign policy recommendations. Leading reasons for existing discontent with the rules-based liberal international order are delineated, and a more realistic understanding proposed. Today’s geopolitical circumstances are outlined, region by region. Policy recommendations then follow, based upon the premise of regionally differentiated strategies of pressure. In sum, the chapter argues for a forward-leaning US foreign policy realism, based upon an understanding that the post–Cold War quarter-century and its competing optimisms are now officially over.
The Mouse, the Moneybox, and the Six-Footed Scurrying Solecism
Authors: Graver Margaret 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter argues that to properly understand Seneca’s project in the Epistulae morales, one needs to recognize and appreciate his sharp and often satirical wit. Any sensitive reader can observe that the work employs many standard humorous devices to lighten the tone and to hold the reader’s attention. Examples can be given of punning, incongruity, self-caricature, and more elaborate vignettes that recall the verse satires of Horace. But there are also instances in which Seneca’s humor is directed more specifically at certain modes of philosophical speech and writing: the redeployment of Epicurean sententiae in Letters 1-29; the cavillatio or riddle-syllogism of Letters 45, 48, and 49; and the riff on Stoic metaphysics in Letter 113. In these cases, one can best refer to the well-attested function of Roman invective humor as a means of policing boundaries. By them, Seneca communicates certain rules of generic decorum while also alerting readers to his own deliberate transgressions.
The World According to the Maestro
Authors: Yoshihara Mari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the mid-1980s, as Leonard Bernstein looked ahead at what he wanted to accomplish in his remaining years, his artistic and professional priorities became clear. Along with his continued commitments as a composer and a conductor, Bernstein decided to prioritize education as his mission. He also continued his activism to address the AIDS crisis. His defiance of the US government took another phase in November 1989, when he rejected the National Medal for the Arts in protest of the National Endowment for the Arts’ withdrawal of funding for an art show dealing with the theme of AIDS. In the meantime, the end of the Cultural Revolution and the opening of China’s door to the West led many musicians to seek artistic exchanges, and Amberson began to explore the possibility of the maestro’s visit to China.
Exploring the Uncharted
Authors: Yoshihara Mari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In the late 1980s, the Amberson staff began exploring the possibility of Bernstein touring China with the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) to work with young Chinese musicians. While building a relationship with the Chinese government officials required a great deal of diplomatic skills, realizing the tour demanded financial resources unavailable in China. After much careful negotiation, the organizers secured the sponsorship of Japan’s Nomura Securities and presented a strong proposal to the Chinese officials. All of the complex planning came to an abrupt halt with the Tiananmen Square Massacre on June 4, 1989, which caused the organizers to cancel the China portion of the project. Bernstein’s dream of working with Chinese students and sharing music with Chinese audiences was shattered by political and military suppression.
The First Harvest
Authors: Yoshihara Mari 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
At the Pacific Music Festival (PMF), Leonard Bernstein poured all he had into communicating the rigor and joy of music making with the young musicians from around the world. Despite his serious health issues, the peace and quiet at the Nidom, a brand new resort surrounded by natural beauty, and the company of his musical family provided remarkable healing power for the maestro. The concert on July 3 at Sapporo Shimin Kaikan was a highlight for the young musicians of the PMF Orchestra, culminating in their performance of Schumann’s Symphony no. 2 conducted by Bernstein. During the festival, Kunihiko Hashimoto attended to every need of Bernstein and his entourage and played a central role in realizing the maestro’s dream in Sapporo.
Imperfect Knowledge
Authors: Holbo Christine 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines William Dean Howells, the writer and editor who defined the field of American literature in the decades of Reconstruction. While Howells has long been considered the leading champion of literary realism, the way he thought about the novel’s art as a mode of “social” politics has been misunderstood. This chapter addresses the first half of Howells’s career, looking at his early antislavery politics, his cosmopolitan reading in the German and Italian traditions, his magazine writings including Venetian Life, Their Wedding Journey, Suburban Sketches, and “Police Report,” and his fiction up through A Modern Instance. Howells remained committed to emancipatory ideals rooted in the antislavery struggle. However, he articulated a strikingly new conception of the novel’s role as a form of political discourse. Howells challenged his contemporaries to expand the field of literary “politics” to imagine society as a space suffused with political power, and by doing so to confront the barriers to equal social recognition that remained in an era of de jure universal citizenship. Calling into question sentimental notions of moral universality, he insisted that the novel’s contribution rested in a perspectivalist epistemology, its capacity to confront readers with the irreducible particularities of a world shaped by incomplete emancipation. Howells urged his contemporaries to confront alterity in a double sense. While including all American “subjects” in the novel’s representation, novelists needed to ask what it meant to try to represent others’ experiences, and what Americans could not understand about each other.
Positive Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: Geher Glenn , Wedberg Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Positive evolutionary psychology is essentially the use of evolutionary psychological principles and research to help advance the goals associated with positive psychology. Positive psychologists focus on ways that we can advance the lives of individuals and communities by focusing on factors that increase positive outcomes such as life satisfaction and happiness. Evolutionary psychology uses the principles of evolution, based on Darwin’s understanding of life, to help shed light on any and all kinds of psychological phenomena. Positive evolutionary psychology, thus, is the use of Darwin’s big idea to help people and communities experience more positive and fulfilling lives. Across 11 chapters, this book (a) describes the basic ideas of both evolutionary and positive psychology; (b) elaborates on the integration of these two fields as a way to help advance the human condition; (c) discusses several domains of human functioning from the perspective of positive evolutionary psychology; and (d) looks with an eye toward the future of work in this field. Over the past few decades, evolutionary psychologists have begun to crack the code on such phenomena as happiness, gratitude, resilience, community, and love. This book describes these facets of the human experience in terms of both (a) their evolutionary origins and (b) how we might guide people to optimally experience such positive phenomena in their everyday lives.
Happiness, Gratitude, and Love
Authors: Geher Glenn , Wedberg Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter focuses on three of the core topics that are studied by positive psychologists: happiness, gratitude, and love. Each of these concepts has been the target of extensive research conducted by evolutionary psychologists. As such, we can now understand the ultimate factors that underlie these topics quite well. Happiness can be understood as an emotion that evolved largely to motivate people to move toward stimuli that facilitate survival or reproductive success. Gratitude evolved in connection with our strong tendencies toward reciprocal altruism, helping people keep positively connected to others in small social groups. And love evolved largely because human infants are quite helpless and thus benefit strongly from biparental care. The evolutionary analyses in this chapter are detailed and help shed light on the inner workings of each of these concepts.
Darwin’s Quick Tips for Living a Richer Life
Authors: Geher Glenn , Wedberg Nicole 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This book was written as something of a guidebook for both researchers and for people in general. This chapter provides guidance for both audiences. For researchers in the behavioral sciences, guidance is provided to think about how the idea of positive evolutionary psychology might help shape one’s research agenda. Specific examples of novel research hypotheses influenced by this approach are provided. And for people in general, specific suggestions for living life, based on the ideas from this book, are spelled out. Such suggestions pertain to various life domains, including physical health, one’s emotional life, social life, religion, and community. Ultimately, this chapter provides a road map for scholars to conduct more meaningful research and for all humans to take steps to live a richer life.
A Sax Is Born
Authors: Chapman Con 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This chapter provides data regarding Cornelius Hodges’s birth and traces his family history to his grandparents’ generation. Confusion as to the exact spelling of his last name (“Hodges,” not “Hodge”) is resolved by reference to his birth certificate. Census records reveal that, contrary to prior accounts of his life, he had not one sister but three, all older. The change in his name from “Cornelius” to “Johnny” is discussed, along with the seven nicknames that he was given by colleagues. The chapter also details the history of the Cambridge, Massachusetts, neighborhood where he was born—Cambridgeport—and of the South End of Boston, to which the family would move when he was twelve, after a stop in North Cambridge that has been overlooked in prior accounts of his life.
Outside the Ellington Constellation: The 1930s and 1940s
Authors: Chapman Con 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The chapter relates that although Johnny Hodges was primarily associated with Duke Ellington over the course of his career, he made some of his most famous recordings—sometimes under pseudonyms owing to contractual restrictions—with other bandleaders. Although Ellington was sometimes criticized for taking credit (and royalties) that should have been shared with others, he was generous in allowing his musicians to earn extra money by playing outside dates. Hodges’s work with pianist Teddy Wilson and a young Billie Holiday is described; these sessions introduced her to listeners and produced records that featured her singing when it was still fresh. Hodges and Wilson joined forces again behind singer Mildred Bailey. Hodges was included in a Lionel Hampton recording session that produced one of his most famous solos, “On the Sunny Side of the Street.” During the 1930s he would also record with Woody Herman and Earl Hines, among others.
Swee’ Pea
Authors: Chapman Con 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The chapter discusses the addition of billy Strayhorn to the Ellington band at the end of 1938. Strayhorn gradually transformed its music with harmonic enhancements that he had mastered as a student of European classical music. He also began to write pieces that served as vehicles by which Hodges developed a romantic style to broaden his appeal beyond the hot jazz and blues of his early period. Ellington had learned his trade from East Coast stride pianists, who used the piano as a percussion instrument in the bass register. Strayhorn’s music showed the influence of Debussy and Ravel, romantics with a softer side that was well suited to Hodges’s warm tone. Strayhorn took control of the Ellington small-group sessions and became so closely associated with Hodges that the two formed a four-man group for a time that played apart from Ellington.
Food and Drink
Authors: Chapman Con 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The chapter describes the personal eating and drinking preferences of Johnny Hodges and their sometime relation to his music. He wasn’t enthusiastic about many things, generally maintaining a placid and inscrutable demeanor, but one subject that was guaranteed to pique his interest was food, as both a gourmet and a gourmand. A number of anecdotes describing his appetite and discriminating tastes in food are recounted. Food was of sufficient importance to him that he used the phrase “Come out of my kitchen” to warn off those who imitated his style and Duke Ellington, who would poach his riffs as the foundations for longer works. His changing tastes in liquor are described, as is the one recorded incident when he had too much to drink before returning to the bandstand after intermission. Ellington called for Hodges to solo on this occasion, to somewhat embarrassing effect. Hodges was not a drug user.
The Quality of Song
Authors: Chapman Con 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The chapter discusses the way many contemporary singers compared Johnny Hodges’s sound to human song. Top singers of his day including Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra, and Tony Bennett all thought of his playing in terms of song, and said as much. This was both a blessing and a curse; his tone stood out from ensemble sections and was a luscious vehicle for a solo, but it sometimes would overshadow rather than complement a singer who performed with him. Hodges recorded albums with Ella Fitzgerald, Rosemary Clooney, Ellington vocalist Al Hibbler, and Jo Stafford. Hodges not only enhanced the performance of vocalists, but he also influenced vocal styles, as reflected in the singing of Ivie Anderson, Ellington’s long-time vocalist, and singers such as Sinatra, as evidenced by the ensembles that arranger Billy May created in imitation of Hodges’s style.
Jump Up!
Authors: Allen Ray 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Jump Up! Caribbean Carnival Music in New York City is the first comprehensive history of Trinidadian calypso and steelband music in the diaspora. Carnival, transplanted from Trinidad to Harlem in the 1930s and to Brooklyn in the late 1960s, provides the cultural context for the study. Blending urban studies, oral history, archival research, and ethnography, Jump Up! examines how members of New York’s diverse Anglophile-Caribbean communities forged transnational identities through the self-conscious embrace, transformation, and hybridization of select Carnival music styles and performances. The work fills a significant void in our understanding of how Caribbean Carnival music—specifically calypso, soca (soul/calypso), and steelband—evolved in the second half of the twentieth century as it flowed between its island homeland and its burgeoning New York migrant community. Jump Up! addresses the issues of music, migration, and identity head on, exploring for the first time the complex cycling of musical practices and the back-and-forth movement of singers, musicians, arrangers, producers, and cultural entrepreneurs between New York’s diasporic communities and the Caribbean.
Introduction
Authors: Aguayo Angela J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We are living in a historical moment that will be known for its emphasis on media engagement. The evolution of mobile media technology, the ubiquity of social media, and the omnipresence of multiple media platforms in each of our lives have led to new and evolving modes of interaction with the experience of the media screen. The interactive conditions of digital culture in the United States align with a significant historical moment: growing political and social upheaval, economic crisis, dissatisfaction with representative government, and disillusionment with state institutions. Together, these conditions have given rise to an emerging participatory media culture(s) engaged in addressing problems, exposing exploitation, facilitating media witnessing, and taking back the means of media production and circulation. The chapter argues for an understanding of documentary practice as a mediated commons. This book focuses on how the visual culture(s) of documentary moving images are harnessed as a means of resistance in forms that include witnessing, petition, solidification, polarization, and promulgation. It will examine the ways in which documentary as a mode of production engages in the process of social change.
A Critical History of Documentary and Participatory Media Cultures
Authors: Aguayo Angela J. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Despite the increasing tendency for documentary to function as political discourse, there is little historical work addressing the rhetorical and material influence of documentary in public life. These stories of documentary impulse and political struggle have been only erratically recorded. Documentary scholarship frequently addresses the issues that surround the process of social change, focusing on the screen as the central location for communicative exchange, but there are many other sites of struggle for those working on the ground with documentary and the political process. This chapter will cover the broader questions of documentary and social change, how it functions in relation to generating participatory media cultures. The chapter will specifically address the shifts in the documentary commons and how opportunities for social change emerged as it moved through the introduction of portable analog video recording equipment in the late 1960s and on into a digital culture of new media. This chapter will contribute to articulating the ways in which documentary is a distinct form of discourse that engages the political in patterned ways, creating a mediated commons for the engagement of political struggle.