bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of hypothalamus and liver proteins affected by dietary l‐arginine supplementation in laying hens
Authors: Zhang X. Y. , Zhu M. K. , Yuan C. , Zou X. T. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe goal of this study was to investigate the influence of l‐arginine (l‐Arg) supplementation on diet‐induced changes in hypothalamus and liver proteome of laying hens. Layers were fed either an isonitrogenous control diet or a l‐Arg diet. The test included a 2‐week acclimation period and a 12‐week experimental period. Eight layers per group were sacrificed at terminal of the experiment underwent 12 fasting. Blood and tissue samples of hypothalamus and liver were collected for further analysis. The levels of serum nitric oxide and hypothalamus neuropeptide Y of layers in l‐Arg group were increased in comparison with those in control group. Quantitative proteomic analyses showed that a total of 3,715 hypothalamus proteins (235 differentially expressed) and 3797 liver proteins (373 differentially expressed) were detected between control and l‐Arg‐fed groups. A further enriched Gene Ontology term analysis of proteins found that 17 hypothalamus proteins (11 upregulated and six downregulated) and 29 liver proteins (14 upregulated and 15 downregulated) were altered differentially between the two groups. Our findings revealed the changes in metabolic and hormonal signals in central nervous system and peripheral tissues by responding to l‐Arg feeding, which provides a possible way to gain a better understanding of l‐Arg function in laying hens.
Effect of sleep deprivation on emotional working memory
Authors: Gerhardsson Andreas , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Axelsson John , Fischer Håkan , Lekander Mats , Schwarz Johanna 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe emotional dysregulation and impaired working memory found after sleep loss can have severe implications for our daily functioning. Considering the intertwined relationship between emotion and cognition in stimuli processing, there could be further implications of sleep deprivation in high‐complex emotional situations. Although studied separately, this interaction between emotion and cognitive processes has been neglected in sleep research. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 1 night of sleep deprivation on emotional working memory. Sixty‐one healthy participants (mean age: 23.4 years) were either sleep deprived for 1 night (n = 30) or had a normal night’s sleep (n = 31). They performed an N‐back task with two levels of working memory load (1‐back and 3‐back) using positive, neutral and negative picture scenes. Sleep deprivation, compared with full night sleep, impaired emotional working memory accuracy, but not reaction times. The sleep‐deprived participants, but not the controls, responded faster to positive than to negative and neutral pictures. The effect of sleep deprivation was similar for both high and low working memory loads. The results showed that although detrimental in terms of accuracy, sleep deprivation did not impair working memory speed. In fact, our findings indicate that positive stimuli may facilitate working memory processing speed after sleep deprivation.
The effect of dream report collection and dream incorporation on memory consolidation during sleep
Authors: Schoch Sarah F. , Cordi Maren J. , Schredl Michael , Rasch Björn 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCollecting dream reports typically requires waking subjects up from their sleep—a method that has been used to study the relationship between dreams and memory consolidation. However, it is unclear whether these awakenings influence sleep‐associated memory consolidation processes. Furthermore, it is unclear how the incorporation of the learning task into dreams is related to memory consolidation. In this study we compared memory performance in a word–picture association learning task after a night with and without awakenings in 22 young and healthy participants. We then examined if the stimuli from the learning task are successfully incorporated into dreams, and if this incorporation is related to the task performance the next morning. We show that while the awakenings impaired both subjective and objective sleep quality, they did not affect sleep‐associated memory consolidation. When dreams were collected during the night by awakenings, memories of the learning task were successfully incorporated into dreams. When dreams were collected in the morning, no incorporations were detected. Task incorporation into non‐rapid eye movement sleep dreams, but not rapid eye movement sleep dreams positively predicted memory performance the next morning. We conclude that the method of awakenings to collect dream reports is suitable and necessary for dream and memory studies. Furthermore, our study suggests that dreams in non‐rapid eye movement rather than rapid eye movement sleep might be related to processes of memory consolidation during sleep.
Aging‐related changes in quantity and quality of saliva: Where do we stand in our understanding?
Authors: Xu Feng , Laguna Laura , Sarkar Anwesha 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSaliva is crucial to oral processing of food and consequently is also related to the sensory and textural experience. It is often assumed that the secretion and properties of saliva change with age, which can result in dry mouth conditions, taste aberrations. Such changes may result in reduced nutrient intake and malnutrition besides adversely affecting the quality of life. Based on some recent research findings, this article reviews our current understandings on age‐dependent changes on quantity (bulk salivary flow rate) as well as quality of saliva (e.g., composition, viscosity, lubrication) in healthy elderly individuals. The review begins with a short introduction to histological changes of salivary glands upon aging. This is followed by covering different aspects of salivary changes with key articles highlighting decreased flow rate, increased ionic concentration, decreased calcium and mucin content in saliva of elderly subjects consequently affecting the oral coating and flavor perception. We also highlight issues in data associated with respect to variance in saliva collection protocols as well as factors influencing such results other than age, such as health conditions and polypharmacy. Clear gaps in literature have been highlighted with respect to lack of quantitative data in viscoelasticity, rheology, and lubrication properties of saliva in healthy elderly population and the potential impact of changes in these material properties on sensory and textural perception of food and consequently food intake. Such insights will not only have clinical implications for maintaining optimal oral health in elderly population but also serve to optimize food for elderly population.Practical applicationsThe population has undergone a fundamental change in its age structure globally, with a rapid increase in elderly population. Innovation of tailored foods is still in its early stage to satisfy the needs of growing aging population. One of the biggest challenges in such food product development is lack of adequate understanding and characterization of endogenous factors, that is, age‐related changes in saliva, which may influence oral processing of food and subsequently nutrient intake. Aging affects the salivary glands and alters quantity (flow rate) and quality (e.g., ion and protein composition, rheology, tribology) of saliva. Thus, older adults may suffer from dry mouth, taste aberration, and poor oral hygiene, greatly affecting their quality of life. This review provides insights into how age versus other health conditions influence salivary properties. Understanding of age‐dependent changes in salivary rheology and tribology will be of paramount importance to optimize food for elderly population.
The Bayesian Revolution in Second Language Research: An Applied Approach
Authors: Norouzian Reza , de Miranda Michael , Plonsky Luke 
Published: August 2018

Frequentist methods have long dominated data analysis in quantitative second language (L2) research. Recently, however, several empirical fields have begun to embrace alternatives known as Bayesian methods. Using an open‐source approach, we provide an applied, nontechnical rationale for Bayesian methods in L2 research. First, we compare the conceptual underpinning of Bayesian and frequentist methods. Second, using real as well as carefully simulated examples, we introduce and apply Bayesian methods to various research designs. Third, to promote the use of Bayesian methods in L2 research, we introduce a free Web‐accessed point‐and‐click software package (https://rnorouzian.shinyapps.io/bayesian-t-tests) as well as a suite of flexible R functions developed by the first author. Additionally, we demonstrate Bayesian methods for conducting secondary analysis on previously published literature. Finally, we discuss practical and theoretical dimensions of a Bayesian revolution in L2 research.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded Open Materials and Open Data badges. All materials and data are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/jxd47, the IRIS Repository at https://www.iris-database.org, and GitHub at https://github.com/rnorouzian/i/blob/master/i.r. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Convolutional Neural Network for Asphalt Pavement Surface Texture Analysis
Authors: Tong Zheng , Gao Jie , Sha Aimin , Hu Liqun , Li Shuai 
Published: August 2018

AbstractSeveral data processing techniques (DPTs) have been implemented for evaluating pavement surface texture to partially replace onsite inspections by humans. However, the extensively varying real‐world situations have resulted in challenges in the widespread adoption of DPTs. To overcome these challenges, we propose the use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to calculate the mean texture depth (MTD) without computing the surface texture feature statistics. Because a CNN is capable of automatically learning data features, the proposed method does not require the conjugation of DPTs for extracting features. The proposed CNN was trained and tested using 8,000 and 1,000 3D scan data samples, respectively, and achieved an average error of 0.0024 cm. The stability of the CNN was analyzed based on various test results. Comparative studies were conducted to verify the superiority of the CNN over conventional MTD algorithms. The results demonstrated that the CNN‐based method is significantly more stable in various real‐world situations. Additionally, the CNN‐based method achieved higher accuracy of automatic feature extraction than traditional MTD methods. Finally, the CNN‐based method was applied to evaluate the surface texture statistics of four highways in Shanxi, China, which were different from the training and testing samples; the results establish the transferability of this method to different highways.
Connection between organizational culture and climate and empowerment: The perspective of nurse managers
Authors: Trus Marija , Galdikiene Nijole , Balciunas Sigitas , Green Philip , Helminen Mika , Suominen Tarja 
Published: August 2018

AbstractHealth‐care organizations differ from other institutions due to their unique structure and management. Organizational culture and climate are the key constructs that compose the organizational social context, and might have an impact on employees, such as nurse managers, and the organization itself. The aim of this study was to analyze the connections between organizational culture and climate and work‐related empowerment, and also to present culture and climate profiles at team and organization levels. The research was carried out in Lithuania among 193 nurse managers in seven hospitals using a questionnaire that measured organizational culture and climate (Organizational Social Context instrument), and work‐related empowerment (Conditions for Work Effectiveness Questionnaire‐II and Work Empowerment Questionnaire). The findings showed that nurse managers were both structurally and psychologically empowered when the organizational culture was proficient and resistant, and the climate was engaged and functional. These results suggest that nurse managers are more likely to be empowered when there is an appropriate organizational culture and climate in the workplace. Creating an empowering work environment might have a positive impact on individual and organizational outcomes.
The effect of exercise training on intrahepatic triglyceride and hepatic insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sargeant J. A. , Gray L. J. , Bodicoat D. H. , Willis S. A. , Stensel D. J. , Nimmo M. A. , Aithal G. P. , King J. A. 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThis systematic review and meta‐analysis determined the impact of structured exercise training, and the influence of associated weight loss, on intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) in individuals with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It also examined its effect on hepatic insulin sensitivity in individuals with or at increased risk of NAFLD. Analyses were restricted to studies using magnetic resonance spectroscopy or liver biopsy for the measurement of IHTG and isotope‐labelled glucose tracer for assessment of hepatic insulin sensitivity. Pooling data from 17 studies (373 exercising participants), exercise training for one to 24 weeks (mode: 12 weeks) elicits an absolute reduction in IHTG of 3.31% (95% CI: −4.41 to −2.22%). Exercise reduces IHTG independent of significant weight change (−2.16 [−2.87 to −1.44]%), but benefits are substantially greater when weight loss occurs (−4.87 [−6.64 to −3.11]%). Furthermore, meta‐regression identified a positive association between percentage weight loss and absolute reduction in IHTG (β = 0.99 [0.62 to 1.36], P < 0.001). Pooling of six studies (94 participants) suggests that exercise training also improves basal hepatic insulin sensitivity (mean change in hepatic insulin sensitivity index: 0.13 [0.05 to 0.21] mg m−2 min−1 per μU mL−1), but available evidence is limited, and the impact of exercise on insulin‐stimulated hepatic insulin sensitivity remains unclear.
Paradoxical preexcitation during cryoablation of a concealed parahisian accessory pathway
Authors: Akerström Finn , Puchol Alberto , Pachón Marta , Martín‐Sierra Cristina , Rodíguez‐Padial Luis , Arias Miguel A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractA 16‐year‐old male presented with an orthodromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia over a concealed parahisian accessory pathway (AP). Cryoablation of the AP resulted in transient manifestation of a fully preexcited sinus rhythm of parahisian AP morphology. Potential causes for the paradoxical preexcitation include inadvertent atrioventricular nodal block, sourse‐sink mismatch, as well as the activation of a dormant AP capable of anterograde conduction.
Mentalization‐based treatment and its evidence‐base status: A systematic literature review
Authors: Malda‐Castillo Javier , Browne Claire , Perez‐Algorta Guillermo 
Published: August 2018

PurposeThis study reviewed the evidence‐base status of mentalization‐based treatment (MBT), its quality, strengths, and limitations. The aim was to pave the way for further MBT research.MethodAn electronic database and reference lists search identified MBT outcome papers, and these were systematically reviewed. The quality of the studies and the risk of bias were determined using two validated checklist tools.ResultsTwenty‐three studies were included in the review. This included nine randomized controlled trials, seven uncontrolled pre‐ and post‐effectiveness studies, three retrospective cohort studies, two uncontrolled randomized trials, and two case studies. The methodological quality of almost half of the papers was assessed as fair (43%), followed by good (34%), poor (17%), and excellent (4%) ratings. Nevertheless, the review identified risk of confounding bias across the majority of studies (60%) and fidelity to treatment was poorly reported in almost half of the studies (47%). Most of the studies focused on borderline personality disorder (BPD), showing positive clinical outcomes for this population but the evidence‐base for other presentations was still developing. The treatment of adolescents who self‐harm and at‐risk mothers in substance abuse treatment showed particularly promising results, as these are client groups that have previously shown limited positive response to psychological interventions.ConclusionsMentalization‐based treatment is a potentially effective method across a wide range of clinical presentations but further research should focus on increasing the quality and the quantity of the MBT evidence outside the treatment of BPD.Practitioner points

MBT can be a particularly effective intervention for the treatment of adults with a diagnosis of BPD and of adolescents who self‐harm and mothers enrolled in substance abuse treatments.

MBT can be an effective intervention for depression and eating disorders but the evidence is currently limited.

Professionals supporting mothers of children at risk may benefit from receiving training in the principles of MBT.
Comparison in outcome with tailored antibiotic prophylaxis postoperatively in pediatric intestinal transplant population
Authors: Chatani Brandon , Garcia Jennifer , Biaggi Chiara , Beduschi Thiago , Tekin Akin , Vianna Rodrigo , Arheart Kristopher , Gonzalez Ivan A. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBIs are ubiquitous among the pediatric intestinal transplant patient population. Personalizing postoperative prophylaxis antibiotic regimens may improve outcomes in this population. A retrospective analysis of all pediatric patients who underwent intestinal transplantation was evaluated to compare standardized and tailored regimens of antibiotics provided as prophylaxis postoperatively. Patients in the standard group have both shorter time to and higher rate of BIs, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Of the children who developed a BI, there was no statistical difference in average times to the development of a second BI (293 vs 119 days, P = 0.211). The tailored group had prolonged times until the development of a MDRO (52.6 vs 63.9 days, P = 0.677). Although not statistically significant, the tailored group had a propensity to present with gram‐negative pathogens after transplant as compared to the standard regimen group, which presented with gram‐positive pathogens (P = 0.103). Children with a history of an MDRO held a 7.3 (P < 0.01) times more likelihood of death within a year of transplant. A tailored prophylactic antibiotic regimen in the post‐transplant period appears to prolong the time to the first BI. Although the data do not show differences in mortality, further study may prove the impact of a tailored antibiotic regimen on morbidity and mortality rates.
Comparing the cost of preparing matched unrelated donor and TCR α+β+/CD19+ depleted donor material for pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplants in Australia
Authors: van Sambeek Björn , Flattery Martin , Mitchell Richard , De Abreu Lourenco Richard 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUse of TCR α+β+/CD19+ depletion in a pediatric setting has improved the utility of haploidentical donor material, resulting in better rates of engraftment, lower rates of graft vs host disease (GVHD), and improved transplant‐related mortality. There are currently no data available on the costs of TCR α+β+/CD19+ depletion. This study assessed the costs of acquiring and preparing TCR α+β+/CD19+ depleted haploidentical donor cells in comparison with matched unrelated donor (MUD) products for use in pediatric patients in Australia. Data from four pediatric transplant centers were used to estimate the resources required for donor work‐up, graft acquisition, and laboratory procedures for graft preparation. Information on MUD work‐up and graft acquisition was also acquired from these sites and from the national coordinating donor center in Australia. Australian‐specific prices and fees were used to estimate total average costs for each transplant type, converted to USD. Preparation of graft material (including work‐up, acquisition, and laboratory processes) costs USD 28 963 for TCR α+β+/CD19+ depleted haploidentical grafts and USD 27 297 for MUD grafts. The estimated difference of USD 1666 is largely attributed to the process and consumables to perform TCR α+β+/CD19+ depletion. Given the potential for recipients of TCR α+β+/CD19+ depleted grafts to require minimal GVHD prophylaxis and experience less transplant‐related morbidity and mortality, use of TCR α+β+/CD19+ depletion appears favorable despite the higher initial cost. Research is currently ongoing to assess the clinical effectiveness and potential cost‐effectiveness of TCR α+β+/CD19+ depletion over a patients’ lifetime.
Monitoring mRNA transcription of genes involved in early pregnancy from endometrium and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pregnant pigs with different parity
Authors: Choi Sang‐Pil , Choi Yong‐Chan , Yang Jun , Choi Chang‐Yong , Lee Chang‐Hee , Kang Seok‐Jin , Park In‐Byung , Chun Taehoon 
Published: August 2018

ContentsThe reproductive success of mammals is largely dependent on the interaction between maternal and foetal interfaces during early pregnancy. Particularly, immune cells which reside at the maternal endometrium can modulate the conception and placental vascularization. In this study, we analysed the transcription of genes involved in early pregnancy from endometrium and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of pregnant pigs with different parity. Briefly, three groups of female pigs were divided based on parity (0, 2 and 5) and each group was artificially inseminated. Within 30 days of gestation, the total RNA was isolated from the endometrium and PBMCs of sacrificed experimental pigs and the expression patterns of genes involved in early pregnancy were monitored by quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. Results indicated absence of correlation between increased parity and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐α (HIF‐1α) mRNA in endometrium among the groups of pigs analysed. Yet, the mRNA levels of Fas, Fas ligand (FasL) and tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in the endometrium of parity 5 sows were much higher than those of pregnant gilts (parity 0), and the mRNA ratios of both TNF‐α:interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and IFN‐γ (interferon‐γ):interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in PBMCs of pregnant pigs were augmented with increasing parity. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ in PBMCs of pregnant pigs were inversely correlated with litter size. These combined results may demonstrate that increased parity of pregnant pigs leads to enhance Th1‐prone immunity within the maternal–foetal interface during early pregnancy.