bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child Health: Is It Really Assisted Reproductive Technology that We Need to Be Concerned About?
Authors: Kim Keewan , Purdue-Smithe Alexandra , Bell Griffith , Zolton Jessica , Ghassabian Akhgar , Vafai Yassaman , Robinson Sonia , Mumford Sunni , Yeung Edwina 
Published: March 2019

AbstractConcerns remain about the health of children conceived by infertility treatment. Studies to date have predominantly not identified substantial long-term health effects after accounting for plurality, which is reassuring given the increasing numbers of children conceived by infertility treatment worldwide. However, as technological advances in treatment arise, ongoing studies remain critical for monitoring health effects. To study whether the techniques used in infertility treatment cause health differences, however, remains challenging due to identification of an appropriate comparison group, heterogeneous treatment, and confounding by the underlying causes of infertility. In fact, the factors that are associated with underlying infertility, including parental obesity and other specific male and female factors, may be important independent factors to consider. This review will summarize key methodological considerations in studying children conceived by infertility treatment including the evidence of associations between underlying infertility factors and child health.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies and the Placenta: Clinical, Morphological, and Molecular Outcomes
Authors: Riesche Laren , Bartolomei Marisa 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs the biological bridge between mother and fetus, the placenta is not only important for the health of the mother and fetus during pregnancy but it also impacts the lifelong health of the fetus. Assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) involve procedures and exposures that are not characteristic of in vivo reproduction. Moreover, ART procedures occur when the gametes and embryos are undergoing extensive epigenetic reprogramming. Thus, the oxidative, thermal, and mechanical stress that ART procedures introduce can impact the biological processes of placental growth, development, and function with potentially long-lasting health effects for the offspring. Here, we focus on the placenta and summarize the clinical, morphological, and molecular outcomes of ART. This review highlights that ART procedures have additive effects on placental morphology as well as epigenetic disturbances and provides a foundation for reconceptualizing ART outcomes.
Swimming against the typological tide or paddling along with language change?
Authors: Grossman Eitan , Polis Stéphane 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIt has repeatedly been observed that there is a worldwide preference for suffixes over prefixes. In this article, we argue that universally dispreferred – or rare – structures can and do arise as the result of regular processes of language change, given the right background structures. Specifically, we show that Ancient Egyptian-Coptic undergoes a long-term diachronic macro-change from exhibiting mixed suffixing-prefixing to showing an overwhelming preference for prefixing. The empirical basis for this study is a comparison of ten typologically significant parameters in which prefixing or affixing is potentially at stake, based onDryer’s (2013a)969-language sample. With its extremely high prefixing preference, Coptic belongs to the rare 6% or so of languages that are predominantly prefixing. We argue that each of the micro-changes implicated in this macro-change are better understood in terms of changes at the level of individual constructions, rather than in terms of a broad structural “drift.” Crucially, there is nothing unusual about the actual processes of change themselves.
Four directionalities for grammaticalization
Authors: Company Company Concepción 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article offers an analysis and systematization of the relationship between directionality and grammaticalization and develops an innovative proposal regarding a new type of directionality. The article proposes four types of directionality in grammaticalization: A.down, B.up, C.neither down nor up, and D.up and down. The first three types are very well studied, but the last has been overlooked in the theoretical literature. The article analyzes directionality D in depth. It is a directionality that is very similar to a round trip: an up in the cline is followed by a down in the cline. First, the form or construction leaves sentence grammar and enters into periphery grammar, acquiring a new category and a discourse meaning, generally a subjective one; later, the form comes back into sentence grammar, but always re-enters as a different category from the etymological source. This process appears to beround trip directionality. This round trip process constitutes a fourth type of directionality in grammaticalization. Directionality D requires its own status, distinct from the sum of directionalities A and B, due to its specific source and due to the fact that the reinsertion into the sentence grammar is in a specific category. It has its own individual distribution and a characteristic and innovative circular path. The evidence of this directionality presented in this article comes from Spanish, but this path very likely also generalizes to other languages.
The effectiveness of real-time ultrasound visual feedback on tongue movements in L2 pronunciation training
Authors: Antolík Tanja Kocjančič , Pillot-Loiseau Claire , Kamiyama Takeki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test the usability of ultrasound as a visual feedback tool in L2 pronunciation training. Six Japanese-speaking learners, aged 28–33 years, participating in a course in French phonetics for L2 learners, took part in the study. Four of them received three individual 45-minute lessons of ultrasound pronunciation training. The other two participants did not. Articulatory and acoustic data of French isolated /y/ and /u/ and Japanese [ɯ] were recorded before and after the ultrasound training, as well as two months later for the learners receiving the training. The analysis of the articulatory data revealed that three speakers with ultrasound feedback improved in the production of the French vowels, the contrast between them, as well as the contrast between the two French vowels and the Japanese [ɯ], suggesting that ultrasound may be a useful tool in second language pronunciation learning.
Learning Korean pronunciation
Authors: Isbell Daniel R. , Park Ok-Sook , Lee Kyujin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This study investigated the effects of pronunciation instruction for 36 tertiary learners of Korean in terms of
accentedness, comprehensibility, and phonological error rates while accounting for proficiency (2nd-semester beginners,
4th-semester intermediates), first language background (English, Chinese), and task effects. Participants completed
beginner-appropriate picture description and read-aloud tasks at pretest and posttest. Over eight weeks, a treatment group
received eight hours of instruction targeting segmental and syllable-structure features. Ten Korean NSs judged learner
accentedness and comprehensibility, and learner productions were analyzed for phonological errors. Beginners’ accentedness,
comprehensibility, and error rates improved regardless of receiving instruction. For intermediates, the control group showed no
development in comprehensibility or accentedness, while the treatment group trended toward increased comprehensibility.
Intermediate students showed minimal improvements in phonological error rates. L1 had a negligible impact on accentedness and
comprehensibility, but Chinese-speaking students committed more syllable-structure errors. Associations between phonological
errors and comprehensibility/accentedness varied by outcome task and L1.
Negotiating statist neoliberalism: the political economy of post-revolution Egypt
Authors: Khalil Heba , Dill Brian 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
This article explores the reproduction of Egypt’s post-revolutionary political economy under the military regime. Through an examination of tax and fiscal policy, the authors argue that a strategic wedding of seemingly contradictory state types allows the current regime to create a hybrid they call ‘statist neoliberalism’. The article argues that this hybrid form is not accidental, but is an intentional project that allows the state to sustain neoliberal reforms, whilst maintaining its long-standing control over society and the economy.
On motivic vanishing cycles of critical loci
Authors: Bussi Vittoria , Joyce Dominic , Meinhardt Sven 
Published: March 2019

Let

U
U

be a smooth scheme over an algebraically closed field

K

\mathbb K

of characteristic zero and let

f
:
U
→

A

1

f:U\rightarrow \mathbb A^1

be a regular function, and write

X
=

Crit

(
f
)

X=\textrm {Crit}(f)

, as a closed

K

\mathbb K

-subscheme of

U
U

. The motivic vanishing cycle

M

F

U
,
f

mot,\phi

MF_{U,f}^\textrm {mot,\phi }

is an element of the

μ
^

\hat \mu

-equivariant motivic Grothendieck ring

M

X

μ
^

\mathcal M^{\hat \mu }_X

, defined by Denef and Loeser, and Looijenga, and used in Kontsevich and Soibelman’s theory of motivic Donaldson–Thomas invariants.

We prove three main results:

(a)

M

F

U
,
f

mot,\phi

MF_{U,f}^\textrm {mot,\phi }

depends only on the third-order thickenings

U

(
3
)

,

f

(
3
)

U^{(3)},f^{(3)}

of

U
,
f

U,f

.

(b) If

V
V

is another smooth

K

\mathbb K

-scheme,

g
:
V
→

A

1

g:V\rightarrow \mathbb A^1

is regular,

Y
=

Crit

(
g
)

Y=\textrm {Crit}(g)

, and

Φ
:
U
→
V

\Phi :U\rightarrow V

is an embedding with

f
=
g
∘
Φ

f=g\circ \Phi

and

Φ

|
X

:
X
→
Y

\Phi \vert _X:X\rightarrow Y

an isomorphism, then

Φ

|
X
∗

(

M

F

V
,
g

mot, \phi

)

=
M

F

U
,
f

mot, \phi

⊙
Υ
(

P
Φ

)

\Phi \vert _X^*\bigl (MF^\textrm {mot, \phi }_{V,g}\bigr )=MF^\textrm {mot, \phi }_{U,f}\odot \Upsilon (P_\Phi )

in a certain quotient ring

M

¯

X

μ
^

\,\,\overline {\!\!\mathcal M\!}\,^{\hat \mu }_X

of

M

X

μ
^

\mathcal M^{\hat \mu }_X

, where

P
Φ

→
X

P_\Phi \rightarrow X

is a principal

Z

2

\mathbb Z_2

-bundle associated to

Φ
\Phi

and

Υ
:
{

\Upsilon :\{

principal

Z

2

\mathbb Z_2

-bundles on

X
}
→

M

¯

X

μ
^

X\}\rightarrow \,\,\overline {\!\!\mathcal M\!}\,^{\hat \mu }_X

a natural morphism.

(c) If

(
X
,
s
)

(X,s)

is an oriented algebraic d-critical locus in the sense of Joyce, there is a natural motive

M

F

X
,
s

∈

M

¯

X

μ
^

MF_{X,s}\in \,\,\overline {\!\!\mathcal M\!}\,^{\hat \mu }_X

, such that if

(
X
,
s
)

(X,s)

is locally modelled on

Crit

(
f
:
U
→

A

1

)

\textrm {Crit}(f:U\rightarrow \mathbb A^1)

, then

M

F

X
,
s

MF_{X,s}

is locally modelled on

M

F

U
,
f

mot,\phi

MF_{U,f}^\textrm {mot,\phi }

.

Using results of Pantev, Toën, Vaquié, and Vezzosi, these imply the existence of natural motives on moduli schemes of coherent sheaves on a Calabi–Yau 3-fold equipped with “orientation data”, as required in Kontsevich and Soibelman’s motivic Donaldson–Thomas theory, and on intersections

L
∩
M

L\cap M

of oriented Lagrangians

L
,
M

L,M

in an algebraic symplectic manifold

(
S
,
ω
)

(S,\omega )

.
Inequity in rehabilitation interventions after hip fracture: a systematic review
Authors: Sheehan K J , Fitzgerald L , Hatherley S , Potter C , Ayis S , Martin F C , Gregson C L , Cameron I D , Beaupre L A , Wyatt D , Milton-Cole R , DiGiorgio S , Sackley C 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Objective
to determine the extent to which equity factors contributed to eligibility criteria of trials of rehabilitation interventions after hip fracture. We define equity factors as those that stratify healthcare opportunities and outcomes.

Design
systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, CINHAL, PEDro, Open Grey, BASE and ClinicalTrials.gov for randomised controlled trials of rehabilitation interventions after hip fracture published between 1 January 2008 and 30 May 2018. Trials not published in English, secondary prevention or new models of service delivery (e.g. orthogeriatric care pathway) were excluded. Duplicate screening for eligibility, risk of bias (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool) and data extraction (Cochrane’s PROGRESS-Plus framework).

Results
twenty-three published, eight protocol, four registered ongoing randomised controlled trials (4,449 participants) were identified. A total of 69 equity factors contributed to eligibility criteria of the 35 trials. For more than 50% of trials, potential participants were excluded based on residency in a nursing home, cognitive impairment, mobility/functional impairment, minimum age and/or non-surgical candidacy. Where reported, this equated to the exclusion of 2,383 out of 8,736 (27.3%) potential participants based on equity factors. Residency in a nursing home and cognitive impairment were the main drivers of these exclusions.

Conclusion
the generalisability of trial results to the underlying population of frail older adults is limited. Yet, this is the evidence base underpinning current service design. Future trials should include participants with cognitive impairment and those admitted from nursing homes. For those excluded, an evidence-informed reasoning for the exclusion should be explicitly stated.

PROSPERO
CRD42018085930.
Consequences of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal for plant demography, communities, evolution and global change
Authors: Snell Rebecca S , Beckman Noelle G , Fricke Evan , Loiselle Bette A , Carvalho Carolina S , Jones Landon R , Lichti Nathanael I , Lustenhouwer Nicky , Schreiber Sebastian J , Strickland Christopher , Sullivan Lauren L , Cavazos Brittany R , Giladi Itamar , Hastings Alan , Holbrook Kimberly M , Jongejans Eelke , Kogan Oleg , Montaño-Centellas Flavia , Rudolph Javiera , Rogers Haldre S , Zwolak Rafal , Schupp Eugene W 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAs the single opportunity for plants to move, seed dispersal has an important impact on plant fitness, species distributions and patterns of biodiversity. However, models that predict dynamics such as risk of extinction, range shifts and biodiversity loss tend to rely on the mean value of parameters and rarely incorporate realistic dispersal mechanisms. By focusing on the mean population value, variation among individuals or variability caused by complex spatial and temporal dynamics is ignored. This calls for increased efforts to understand individual variation in dispersal and integrate it more explicitly into population and community models involving dispersal. However, the sources, magnitude and outcomes of intraspecific variation in dispersal are poorly characterized, limiting our understanding of the role of dispersal in mediating the dynamics of communities and their response to global change. In this manuscript, we synthesize recent research that examines the sources of individual variation in dispersal and emphasize its implications for plant fitness, populations and communities. We argue that this intraspecific variation in seed dispersal does not simply add noise to systems, but, in fact, alters dispersal processes and patterns with consequences for demography, communities, evolution and response to anthropogenic changes. We conclude with recommendations for moving this field of research forward.
Frailty and related outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter valve therapies in a nationwide cohort
Authors: Kundi Harun , Popma Jeffrey J , Reynolds Matthew R , Strom Jordan B , Pinto Duane S , Valsdottir Linda R , Shen Changyu , Choi Eunhee , Yeh Robert W 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Aims
We sought to identify the prevalence and related outcomes of frail individuals undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Methods and results
Patients aged 65 and older were included in the study if they had at least one procedural code for transcatheter mitral valve repair or TAVR between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016 in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Medicare Provider and Review database. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score, an International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) claims-based score, was used to identify frailty and the primary outcome was all-cause 1-year mortality. A total of 3746 (11.6%) patients underwent transcatheter mitral valve repair and 28 531 (88.4%) underwent TAVR. In the transcatheter mitral valve repair and TAVR populations, respectively, there were 1903 (50.8%) and 14 938 (52.4%) patients defined as low risk for frailty (score &lt;5), 1476 (39.4%) and 11 268 (39.5%) defined as intermediate risk (score 5–15), and 367 (9.8%) and 2325 (8.1%) defined as high risk (score &gt;15). One-year mortality was 12.8% in low-risk patients, 29.7% in intermediate-risk patients, and 40.9% in high-risk patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair (log rank P &lt; 0.001). In patients undergoing TAVR, 1-year mortality rates were 7.6% in low-risk patients, 17.6% in intermediate-risk patients, and 30.1% in high-risk patients (log rank P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
This study successfully identified individuals at greater risk of short- and long-term mortality after undergoing transcatheter valve therapies in an elderly population in the USA using the ICD-10 claims-based Hospital Frailty Risk Score.
Temporal trends in validated ischaemic stroke hospitalizations in the USA
Authors: Koton Silvia , Wruck Lisa , Quibrera Pedro Miguel , Gottesman Rebecca F , Agarwal Sunil K , Jones Sydney A , Wright Jacqueline D , Shahar Eyal , Coresh Josef , Rosamond Wayne D 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundAccurate assessment of the burden of stroke, a major cause of disability and death, is crucial. We aimed to estimate rates of validated ischaemic stroke hospitalizations in the USA during 1998–2011.MethodsWe used the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study cohort’s adjudicated stroke data for participants aged ≥55 years, to construct validation models for each International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-code group and patient covariates. These models were applied to the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) data to estimate the probability of validated ischaemic stroke for each eligible hospitalization. Rates and trends in NIS using ICD codes vs estimates of validated ischaemic stroke were compared.ResultsAfter applying validation models, the estimated annual average rate of validated ischaemic stroke hospitalizations in the USA during 1998–2011 was 3.37 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.31, 3.43) per 1000 person-years. Validated rates declined during 1998–2011 from 4.7/1000 to 2.9/1000; however, the decline was limited to 1998–2007, with no further decline subsequently through 2011. Validation models showed that the false-positive (∼23% of strokes) and false-negative rates of ICD-9-CM codes in primary position for ischaemic stroke approximately cancel. Therefore, estimates of ischaemic stroke hospitalizations did not substantially change after applying validation models.ConclusionsOverall, ischaemic stroke hospitalization rates in the USA have declined during 1998–2007, but no further decline was observed from 2007 to 2011. Validated ischaemic stroke hospitalizations estimates were similar to published estimates of hospitalizations with ischaemic stroke ICD codes in primary position. Validation of national discharge data using prospective chart review data is important to estimate the accuracy of reported burden of stroke.
Association between maternal shift work and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes: results from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study with propensity-score-matching analysis
Authors: Wei Chih-Fu , Chen Mei-Huei , Lin Ching-Chun , Guo Yueliang Leon , Lin Shio-Jean , Liao Hua-Fang , Hsieh Wu-Shiun , Chen Pau-Chung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundMaternal shift work is associated with preterm delivery, small-for-gestational-age new-borns, childhood obesity and future behavioural problems. However, the adverse effects on and interactions of maternal shift work with infant neurodevelopment remain uncertain. Therefore, we examined the associations between maternal-shift-work status and infant neurodevelopmental parameters.MethodsThe Taiwan Birth Cohort Study is a nationwide birth cohort study following representatively sampled mother–infant pairs in 2005. The participants’ development and exposure conditions were assessed by home interviews with structured questionnaires at 6 and 18 months of age. Propensity scores were calculated with predefined covariates for 1:1 matching. Multivariate conditional logistic regression and the Cox proportional-hazards model were used to examine the association between maternal-shift-work status and infant neurodevelopmental-milestone-achievement status.ResultsIn this study, 5637 term singletons were included, with 2098 cases selected in the propensity-score-matched subpopulation. Persistent maternal shift work was associated with increased risks of delays in gross-motor neurodevelopmental milestones [aOR = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–1.76 for walking steadily], fine-motor neurodevelopmental milestones (aOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.07–1.80 for scribbling) and social neurodevelopmental milestones (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.03–1.76 for coming when called upon). Moreover, delayed gross-motor and social development were identified in the propensity-score-matched sub-cohort.ConclusionsThis study shows negative associations between maternal shift work and delayed neurodevelopmental-milestone achievement in the gross-motor, fine-motor and social domains at 18 months. Future research is necessary to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms and long-term health effects.
Using healthcare-seeking behaviour to estimate the number of Nipah outbreaks missed by hospital-based surveillance in Bangladesh
Authors: Hegde Sonia T , Salje Henrik , Sazzad Hossain M S , Hossain M Jahangir , Rahman Mahmudur , Daszak Peter , Klena John D , Nichol Stuart T , Luby Stephen P , Gurley Emily S 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Understanding the true burden of emergent diseases is critical for assessing public-health impact. However, surveillance often relies on hospital systems that only capture a minority of cases. We use the example of Nipah-virus infection in Bangladesh, which has a high case-fatality ratio and frequent person-to-person transmission, to demonstrate how healthcare-seeking data can estimate true burden.

Methods
We fit logistic-regression models to data from a population-based, healthcare-seeking study of encephalitis cases to characterize the impact of distance and mortality on attending one of three surveillance hospital sites. The resulting estimates of detection probabilities, as a function of distance and outcome, are applied to all observed Nipah outbreaks between 2007 and 2014 to estimate the true burden.

Results
The probability of attending a surveillance hospital fell from 82% for people with fatal encephalitis living 10 km away from a surveillance hospital to 54% at 50 km away. The odds of attending a surveillance hospital are 3.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.6, 6.6) times greater for patients who eventually died (i.e. who were more severely ill) compared with those who survived. Using these probabilities, we estimated that 119 Nipah outbreaks (95% confidence interval: 103, 140)—an average of 15 outbreaks per Nipah season—occurred during 2007–14; 62 (52%) were detected.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest hospital-based surveillance missed nearly half of all Nipah outbreaks. This analytical method allowed us to estimate the underlying burden of disease, which is important for emerging diseases where healthcare access may be limited.