bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporary Epicardial Pacing After Valve Replacement: Incidence And Predictors
Authors: Abd elaziz Montaser Elsawy , Allama Amr Mohammad 
Published: February 2018

Temporary pacemaker wires are usually inserted in patients after valve replacement and may be beneficial for optimizing myocardial function in patients that develop postoperative hemodynamically significant arrhythmias [Elmi 2002]. Indications for temporary cardiac pacing (TCP) are atrial, ventricular or atrioventricular pacing for bradyarrhythmias and for management of both atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias [De Belder 1990; Liebold 1998].Pacemaker wires have two ends – one end has a small needle, which is passed into the myocardial surface, then is cut off. The needles may be coiled or clipped for better fixation. On the other end, the larger needle is used to penetrate the body wall, to pass the wire through to the body surface. There is debate about the ideal site for wire insertion, with agreement that the most common site of insertion is in the right ventricle [Hurle 2002]. The complications of PMWs include: bleeding, tamponade, arrhythmias, and even retention with its serious hazards [Kapoor 2011; Smith 2013]. During removal of PMWs, there may be atrial or ventricular lacerations which lead to bleeding and to developing tamponade. This may prolong the hospital stay of patients, especially patients on anticoagulant medications. This study was done on patients who received pacing wires during cardiac surgery. The purpose of the study was to predict risk factors that could lead to cardiac pacing after valve surgery.
RNA Interference (RNAi) Screening inDrosophila
Authors: Heigwer Florian , Port Fillip , Boutros Michael 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIn the last decade, RNA interference (RNAi), a cellular mechanism that uses RNA-guided degradation of messenger RNA transcripts, has had an important impact on identifying and characterizing gene function. First discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans, RNAi can be used to silence the expression of genes through introduction of exogenous double-stranded RNA into cells. In Drosophila, RNAi has been applied in cultured cells or in vivo to perturb the function of single genes or to systematically probe gene function on a genome-wide scale. In this review, we will describe the use of RNAi to study gene function in Drosophila with a particular focus on high-throughput screening methods applied in cultured cells. We will discuss available reagent libraries and cell lines, methodological approaches for cell-based assays, and computational methods for the analysis of high-throughput screens. Furthermore, we will review the generation and use of genome-scale RNAi libraries for tissue-specific knockdown analysis in vivo and discuss the differences and similarities with the use of genome-engineering methods such as CRISPR/Cas9 for functional analysis.
Characteristics of Children 2 to 5 Years of Age With Severe Obesity
Authors: Tester June M. , Phan Thao-Ly T. , Tucker Jared M. , Leung Cindy W. , Dreyer Gillette Meredith L. , Sweeney Brooke R. , Kirk Shelley , Tindall Alexis , Olivo-Marston Susan E. , Eneli Ihuoma U. 
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
As a distinct group, 2- to 5-year-olds with severe obesity (SO) have not been extensively described. As a part of the Expert Exchange Workgroup on Childhood Obesity, nationally-representative data were examined to better characterize children with SO.

METHODS:
Children ages 2 to 5 (N = 7028) from NHANES (1999–2014) were classified as having normal weight, overweight, obesity, or SO (BMI ≥120% of 95th percentile). Sociodemographics, birth characteristics, screen time, total energy, and Healthy Eating Index 2010 scores were evaluated. Multinomial logistic and linear regressions were conducted, with normal weight as the referent.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of SO was 2.1%. Children with SO had higher (unadjusted) odds of being a racial and/or ethnic minority (African American: odds ratio [OR]: 1.7; Hispanic: OR: 2.3). They were from households with lower educational attainment (OR: 2.4), that were single-parent headed (OR: 2.0), and that were in poverty (OR: 2.1). Having never been breastfed was associated with increased odds of obesity (OR: 1.5) and higher odds of SO (OR: 1.9). Odds of &gt;4 hours of screen time were 1.5 and 2.0 for children with obesity and SO. Energy intake and Healthy Eating Index 2010 scores were not significantly different in children with SO.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children ages 2 to 5 with SO appear to be more likely to be of a racial and/or ethnic minority and have greater disparities in social determinants of health than their peers and are more than twice as likely to engage in double the recommended screen time limit.
The Need for Integrating the Back End of the Nuclear Fuel Cycle in the United States of America
Authors: Bonano Evaristo J. , Kalinina Elena A. , Swift Peter N. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCurrent practice for commercial spent nuclear fuel management in the United States of America (US) includes storage of spent fuel in both pools and dry storage cask systems at nuclear power plants. Most storage pools are filled to their operational capacity, and management of the approximately 2,200 metric tons of spent fuel newly discharged each year requires transferring older and cooler fuel from pools into dry storage. In the absence of a repository that can accept spent fuel for permanent disposal, projections indicate that the US will have approximately 134,000 metric tons of spent fuel in dry storage by mid-century when the last plants in the current reactor fleet are decommissioned. Current designs for storage systems rely on large dual-purpose (storage and transportation) canisters that are not optimized for disposal. Various options exist in the US for improving integration of management practices across the entire back end of the nuclear fuel cycle.
The Gospel of Eve
Authors: Deese Richard Samuel 
Published: February 2018

At the dawn of the scientific revolution, Francis Bacon declared its goal: to recover the estate of Adam and restore man's prelapsarian dominion over nature. Bacon's analogy makes little sense as a rationale for scientific inquiry, however, since Adam's distinguishing virtue in the opening verses of Genesis was his incurious obedience. The animating spirit of science has always been the impudent curiosity of Eve, who conversed with the serpent and dared, in defiance of the threat of death, to taste the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge. As we apply the fruits of scientific inquiry to the creation of new technologies, this contrast between the mythical mother and father of our species takes on a fatal significance. If we aim to recover the estate of Adam we put science in the service of complacent comfort and an incurious domination of nature that will end in catastrophe. When we embrace the gospel of Eve, we engage in a conversation with nature that is inspired by that transcendent curiosity which Einstein identified as "the cosmic religious sense." Informed by this ethos, the fundamental goal of science is not to reclaim an impossible mastery over nature nor to banish death, but to deepen our engagement with life itself.
A Phase II Trial of Selinexor, an Oral Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export Compound, in Abiraterone- and/or Enzalutamide-Refractory Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wei Xiao X. , Siegel Adam P. , Aggarwal Rahul , Lin Amy M. , Friedlander Terence W. , Fong Lawrence , Kim Won , Louttit Mirela , Chang Emily , Zhang Li , Ryan Charles J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractLessons LearnedIn abiraterone- and/or enzalutamide-refractory metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients, selinexor led to prostate-specific antigen and/or radiographic responses in a subset of patients, indicating clinical activity in this indication. Despite twice-a-week dosing and maximal symptomatic management, selinexor was associated with significant anorexia, nausea, and fatigue in mCRPC patients refractory to second-generation anti-androgen therapies, limiting further clinical development in this patient population. This study highlights the challenge of primary endpoint selection for phase II studies in the post-abiraterone and/or post-enzalutamide mCRPC space.BackgroundSelinexor is a first-in-class selective inhibitor of nuclear export compound that specifically inhibits the nuclear export protein Exportin-1 (XPO-1), leading to nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins.MethodsThis phase II study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of selinexor in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) refractory to abiraterone and/or enzalutamide.ResultsFourteen patients were enrolled. Selinexor was initially administered at 65 mg/m2 twice a week (days 1 and 3) and was subsequently reduced to 60 mg flat dose twice a week (days 1 and 3), 3 weeks on, 1 week off, to improve tolerability. The median treatment duration was 13 weeks. At a median follow-up of 4 months, two patients (14%) had ≥50% prostate-specific antigen (PSA) decline, and seven patients (50%) had any PSA decline. Of eight patients with measurable disease at baseline, two (25%) had a partial response and four (50%) had stable disease as their best radiographic response. Five patients (36%) experienced serious adverse events (SAEs; all unrelated to selinexor), and five patients (36%) experienced treatment-related grade 3–4 AEs. The most common drug-related adverse events (AEs) of any severity were anorexia, nausea, weight loss, fatigue, and thrombocytopenia. Three patients (21%) came off study for unacceptable tolerability.ConclusionSelinexor demonstrated clinical activity and poor tolerability in mCRPC patients refractory to second-line anti-androgenic agents.
Breakout Session: Copyright for Authors: Ideas, Activities, and Discussion Points
Authors: Pavy Jeanne 
Published: February 2018

Sara Benson, Copyright Librarian for the University of Illinois Library, provided a dynamic, interactive train-the-trainers session. The presentation was based on a chapter she wrote for a forthcoming book to be published by the Association of College and Research Libraries. Benson reviewed basic information about copyright, including what is required to secure a copyright, what is protected, and what is not. She also addressed the specific issues involved in joint authorship and work-for-hire situations. Throughout the presentation Benson reminded the audience that authors should be encouraged to pay close attention to publishing agreements and to take an active role in negotiating the retention of appropriate author rights. After completing her presentation, Benson engaged the audience in reviewing actual author agreements and role-playing the negotiation of an author agreement between an author and publisher. The session concluded with a question-and-answer period that engendered lively discussions on other copyright issues and related scholarly communication topics.
Comparative study of efficacy and adverse effects of different doses of vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening 10-12 hours before diagnostic hysteroscopy
Authors: Gupta Taru , Ahmad Syed Nawaz , Kumari Sonu 
Published: February 2018

Background: Hysteroscopy first described by Panteleoni in 1869 has evolved into a standard procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of intrauterine pathologies such as polyps, fibroids, septae, adhesions, evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding, evaluation and treatment of infertility, removal of an intrauterine device or foreign body. Present study was carried out to compare the efficacy and complications different doses of vaginal misoprostol for cervical ripening10-12 hours before diagnostic hysteroscopy.Methods: It was a prospective and interventional, double-blinded randomized comparative study. Sixty women, fulfilling the inclusion criteria, requiring diagnostic hysteroscopy for evaluation of infertility were enrolled. The study subjects randomly received either 200μg (group 1) or 400μg (group 2) of vaginal misoprostol 10-12 hours before hysteroscopy with equal number of subjects in both the groups. Hysteroscopy was performed with a standard rigid 6 mm and 300 hysteroscope. The largest dilator that could be inserted without resistance was recorded as the baseline cervical dilatation. The ease of dilatation was recorded on a 5 point LIKERT scale. Procedural time was measured as time taken from the beginning of cervical dilatation to the visualisation of the uterine cavity.Results: The mean base line cervical width in group 1 was 6.41±0.29 mm while in group 2 it was 6.43±0.21 mm (p=0.084). In group 1, 26.6% patients had very easy entry, 53.4% had easy entry while in group 2, 30% patients had very easy entry, 43.4% had easy entry. The mean procedural time 35.5±6.9 seconds in group 1 and 33.2±6.8 seconds in group 2 (p=0.212). Adverse effects like abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, shivering and fever were observed more often in group 2 compared to group 1(p=0.038).Conclusions: Two hundred microgram of vaginal misoprostol is safer and equally effective as 400 μg for cervical ripening when used 10-12 hours before diagnostic hysteroscopy.
Study of burst abdomen: it’s causes and management
Authors: Jaiswal N. K. , Shekhar Sandeep 
Published: February 2018

Background: Burst abdomen (abdominal wound dehiscence) is a severe post-operative complication. Burst abdomen is defined as post-operative separation of abdominal musculo-aponeurotic layers. The study aims to find etiological factors of burst abdomen in hospitalised patients ,evaluate current management methods and to compare conservative and operative approach with respect to complication and outcomes.Methods: All cases presenting with abdominal wound dehiscence after surgery were included. An elaborate clinical history was taken in view of the significant risk factors, the types of surgery performed , type of disease involved and management methods and their outcome. A total of 82 cases were included in this prospective study. Data was analysed using appropriate software.Results: The results concluded that male patients have a higher incidence of laparotomy wound dehiscence and in 5th decade. Patients presenting with peritonitis secondary to gastro-duodenal perforation are more prone to burst abdomen.Conclusions: Burst abdomen is a serious sequel of impaired wound healing. Presence of anaemia, hypoproteinemia favours high incidence of burst abdomen. Delayed suturing, of burst abdomen has a lower frequency of complications . Adherence to proper technique and sincere efforts to minimize the impact of the predisposing factors play a much larger role in both treatment and prevention of this condition.
Análisis de la β-Galactosilceramidasa leucocitaria en pacientes Colombianos con sospecha clínica de enfermedad de Krabbe, un tamizaje de alto riesgo.
Authors: Jay Garcia Lina Manuela , Uribe Ardila Alfredo , Ayala Fajardo Adis 
Published: February 2018

La Enfermedad de Krabbe (EK), es un desorden del metabolismo de esfingolípidos de herencia autosómica recesiva causada por la deficiencia de β- galactosilceramidasa (β-Galsil) (E.C. 3.2.1.46), defecto enzimático que causa un cuadro neurodegenerativo, hipertonía muscular y espasticidad, convulsiones, pérdida de la audición y en un 85% de los casos la muerte temprana, entre otros hallazgos.La incidencia de la EK documentada para Estados Unidos y Europa es de 1:100.000 recién nacidos, pero estudios recientes han demostrado valores mayores de 1:22.000 aproximadamente en New York. En América Latina los informes son escasos, con reportes de tamizaje de alto riesgo en Brasil y casos aislados en México, ofreciendo un panorama de subdiagnóstico importante, situación a la que no es ajena Colombia, donde no hay en la literatura referentes a la enfermedad.Se presenta entonces a la comunidad científica, un estudio de valores de actividad y de referencia para la enzima β-Galactosilceramidasa leucocitaria, a partir de 259 muestras de 110 individuos sanos y 149 pacientes con compromiso neurodegenerativo (CND). La valoración enzimática involucró dos métodos (Colorimétrico y Fluorométrico) de punto final que permitieron establecer un rango de referencia para β-Galsil en técnica Colorimétrica: 2,04 -14,93 nmol/mgprot/h y en técnica fluorométrica: 0,3 – 4,21 nmol/mgprot/h. El estudio de tamizaje permitió identificar un paciente afectado con enfermedad de Krabbe quien presentó valores de actividad expresados en nmol/mgprot/h de 1,85 y 0,034, en forma correspondiente para las técnicas antes descritas. Un hallazgo final que permite validar los dos métodos estandarizados para el diagnóstico de la enfermedad y establecer valores de referencia en población colombiana.
Determinación de la seroprevalencia de cisticercosis porcina e identificación de teniasis humana en personas criadoras de cerdos en el área urbana del municipio de Coyaima Tolima
Authors: Giraldo Forero Julio César , Riaño Rodríguez Milena Marcela , Vásquez Arteaga Luis Reinel 
Published: February 2018

Introducción: La cisticercosis porcina causada por la etapa larval de Taenia solium, ocasiona graves pérdidas económicas para sus tenedores y un riesgo para la salud pública en Colombia y en el mundo especialmente en Asia, África y otros países de Latino América. Esta parasitosis se propaga con facilidad en zonas con condiciones higiénicas sanitarias, ambientales y socio económicas precarias. Objetivo: Determinar la seroprevalencia de cisticercosis porcina empleando el ensayo inmunoenzimático (ELISA) y la detección de teniasis humana por examen coproparasitológico en personas criadoras de cerdos en el área urbana.Materiales y Métodos: Se tomó muestra de sangre a 102 porcinos por punción en el pabellón auricular y se impregnaron en discos de papel de filtro para detectar anticuerpos anticisticerco empleando la técnica de ELISA con la fracción antigénica de 53kDa. A los tenedores de porcinos y demás participantes conformado por un grupo de 159 personas, se les solicitó una muestra de heces, que fue conservada en reactivo de Mertiolate Yodo Formol al 5%(MIF). Se preservó a 4°C, para su procesamiento se empleó la técnica de concentración de formol-éter, el diagnóstico se realizó por observación microscópica con objetivo de 40X.Resultados: De los 102 porcinos, el 17% (17/102) presentaron anticuerpos anticisticerco. Con respecto a las variables sociodemográficas del estudio se observó mayor asociación con fuentes de agua, pacientes teniásicos, condiciones ambientales, tipo de alimentación. La prevalencia general de parasitismo intestinal en los criadores fue de 43.3%, y en el 11.1% (3/159) se hallaron huevos de Taenia spp, Se identificó a las fuentes de agua y la tenencia de porcinos como variable estadísticamente significativa (p≤0,005) con la presencia de parasitismo intestinal en la comunidad.Conclusión: El estudio reveló un valor significativo de seroprevalencia de cisticercosis porcina en el área evaluada, ocasionando un serio problema de salud pública en la comunidad coyaimuna.
Prevalencia del riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en una población de estudiantes de secundaria, Bogotá - Colombia
Authors: Fajardo Esperanza , Méndez Carolina , Jauregui Alfonso 
Published: February 2018

Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de riesgo de trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, estado nutricional y consumo de alimentos en una población escolar de secundaria de colegios públicos y privados.Materiales y Métodos: Aplicación del cuestionario SCOFF, toma de medidas antropométricas y encuesta de frecuencia de consumo de alimentos a 671 estudiantes de dos colegios públicos y dos privados de la ciudad de Bogotá.Resultados: Se encontró una prevalencia del 30,1% de riesgo de presentar TCA; de ésta, el riesgo en las mujeres es de 41,3%. En cuanto al estado nutricional se observó mayor frecuencia de riesgo en la clasificación normal y en instituciones públicas con un 31,3%. Del total de la población 7,6% presenta talla baja, 16% exceso de peso y 5,1% bajo. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de riesgo de trastornos alimentarios es mayor en las mujeres, con clasificación nutricional normal (73,7%) y en instituciones educacionales públicas.
Evaluación clínica de meningioma intraventricular: reporte de caso paciente pediátrico y paciente adulto.
Authors: Álvarez Pinzón Andres Mauricio 
Published: February 2018

Los Meningiomas intraventriculares (IVM) representan el 0,5-5% de todos los meningiomas, de los cuales aproximadamente un 80% se localizan en el trígono del ventrículo lateral. Se originan en los ventrículos del tope células aracnoideas contenidos en el plexo coroideo constituyen el grupo tumoral intracraneal frecuente en adultos. En la mayor parte de los casos, se trata de tumores histológicamente benignos, de crecimiento lento. Los meningiomas primarios intraventriculares suponen entre el 0,5 y el 3% de los meningiomas intracraneales. No son comunes en población pediátrica ya que comprenden menos del 3% de los tumores cerebrales pediátricos y sólo 1.5 a 1.8% de todas las neoplasias intracraneales. Los tumores pediátricos también muestran una asociación con neurofibromatosis tipo 2 y la exposición anterior a radiación.Se presenta el contraste de dos casos de meningioma intraventriculares en paciente pediátrico y adulto. La edad y el sitio de la lesión en paciente pediátrico es poco común. La escisión de la lesión y tratamiento pronto permitió la cesación de los síntomas en los 2 pacientes
Perfect phase-coded pulse trains generated by Talbot effect
Authors: Fernández-Pousa Carlos R. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
A perfect phase sequence is a finite and ordered set of constant-amplitude complex numbers whose periodic autocorrelation vanishes at any non-zero time shift. They find multiple applications in science an engineering as phase-coded waveforms, where the sequence defines the relative phases within a burst of electromagnetic or acoustic pulses. We show how a physical propagation effect, the so-called fractional Talbot phenomenon, can be used to generate pulse trains coded according to these sequences. The mathematical description of this effect is first reviewed and extended, showing its close relationship with Gauss perfect phase sequences. It is subsequently shown how it leads to a construction of Popović’s Generalized Chirp-Like (GCL) sequences. Essentially, a set of seed pulses with prescribed amplitude and phase levels, cyclically feeds a linear and dispersive medium. At particular values of the propagation length, multiple pulse-to-pulse interference induced by dispersion passively creates the sought-for pulse trains composed of GCL sequences, with the additional property that its repetition rate has been increased with respect to the seed pulses. This observation constitutes a novel representation of GCL sequences as the result of dispersive propagation of a seed sequence, and a new route for the practical implementation of perfect phase-coded pulse waveforms using Talbot effect.