bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using land surface phenology and information theory to assess and map complex landscape dynamics
Authors: Pomara Lars Y. , Lee Danny C. , Brooks Bjorn-Gustaf , Hargrove William W. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Context
Characterizing landscape ecological complexity and change requires integrated description of spatial and temporal landscape organization and dynamics, as suggested by the shifting mosaic concept. Remotely sensed land surface phenology allows the detection of even small differences among landscape patches and through time, allowing for the analysis of landscapes as shifting mosaics.

Objectives
We sought to quantify aspects of the complex landscape behaviors that are implied by spatiotemporal variation in land surface phenology. We adapted an information-theoretic (IT) framework from ecosystem ecology to capture landscape-level spatiotemporal complexity and organization and map these properties across large areas.

Methods
Phenology data were derived from remotely sensed, pixel-level time series of a vegetation greenness index, across a large portion of North America. We summarized multi-year, multi-pixel dynamics in transition matrices, calculated IT metrics from the matrices, and used matrix projection to quantify disequilibrium dynamics and long-term trajectories of the metrics.

Results
Mapping the IT metrics and their disequilibria revealed gradients in the spatiotemporal complexity and organization of multi-year land surface phenology dynamics at continental to local scales. These gradients suggest influences of biophysical and biogeographic setting, ecological development and disturbances, land use, and other drivers of landscape ecological dynamics. The spatiotemporal IT metrics were influenced by both year-to-year dynamics and spatial landscape heterogeneity, but correlations with spatial and temporal complexity measures varied among the IT metrics. Landscapes showing the strongest disequilibrium dynamics were mostly in the western part of the continent and appeared to be associated with large-scale disturbances including severe fire, forest pathogens, climate variability, and land use change—important subjects for further study.

Conclusions
This approach reveals novel features of the shifting landscape mosaic, with implications for understanding landscape resilience and sustainability. Resulting spatial data products describing long-term landscape dynamics have potential applications in broad-scale ecological modeling, monitoring, assessment, and prediction.
Hepatic encephalopathy as a result of ammonia-induced increase in GABAergic tone with secondary reduced brain energy metabolism
Authors: Sørensen Michael , Andersen Jens Velde , Bjerring Peter Nissen , Vilstrup Hendrik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by liver insufficiency and/or portosystemic shunting. HE is mostly episodic and as such reversible. Hyperammonemia clearly plays a key role in the pathophysiology, but the precise detrimental events in the brain leading to HE remain equivocal. Several pathogenic models have been proposed, but few have been linked to clinical studies and observations. Decreased oxygen metabolism is observed in both type A and C HE and in this review, we advocate that this reflects an actual reduced oxygen demand and not a primary cause of HE. As driving force, we propose that the hyperammonemia via astrocytic glutamine synthetase causes an increased γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediated neuro-inhibition which subsequently leads to an overall decreased energy demand of the brain, something that can be enhanced by concomitant neuroinflammation. This also explains the reversibility of the condition.
Multimodal treatment of glioblastoma with multiple lesions - a multi-center retrospective analysis
Authors: Krenzlin Harald , Jankovic Dragan , Dauth Alice , Lange Felipa , Wetzel Martin , Schmidt Leon , Janssen Insa , Richter Christoph , Stockinger Marcus , Schmidberger Heinz , Brockmann Marc A. , Sommer Clemens , Meyer Bernhard , Keric Naureen , Ringel Florian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Objective
The presence of multiple localizations (ML) in glioblastoma is rare and associated with perceived poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a multimodal treatment on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in ML glioblastoma.

Methods
Patients presenting with CNS WHO grade 4 glioblastoma with ML to 2 major German Departments of Neurosurgery between January 1st, 2008, to December 31st, 2020 were included in this study. Primary outcome parameters were extent of resection (EOR) using the 2021 RANO criteria, progression free- and overall survival.

Results
A total of 483 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (CNS WHO grade 4) were assessed. 134 patients presented with ML (72 multifocal (MF), 62 multicentric (MC)). The median PFS and OS did not differ among MC and MF glioblastomas. The EOR was a significant predictor of PFS and OS in ML glioblastoma. complete-, near total-, and subtotal resection significantly prolonged PFS (p < 0.0001) and OS (p < 0.0001) compared to biopsy alone. Standard radiotherapy (p = 0.045) and hypofractionated (p < 0.0001) radiotherapy and adjuvant treatment (Stupp protocol) prolonged PFS (p = 0.0012) and OS (p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis Karnfosky performance score, EOR, and concomitant adjuvant treatment remained significant factors influencing OS. Propensity score matching of patients with ML and solitary lesion tumors showed similar PFS and OS (p = 0.08).

Conclusion
The presented data suggests that glioblastomas with multiple lesions treated with multimodal therapy equal survival rates compared to patients with solitary lesion tumors can be achieved. The results reflect the importance of an equally aggressive maximal treatment effort in this particular and often marginalized group of patients.
La cruelle fatalité de l’existence, ou la représentation du mal dans La Possession d’Henry Bataille
Authors: Kaczmarek Tomasz 
Published: November 2024

SummaryHenry Bataille’s name is often classified among authors who are fond of the poetics of “boulevard theater”, which seems to perpetuate the canonical form of drama. However, at the turn of the twentieth century, this theater underwent an undeniable crisis that undermined the very foundations of Aristotelian aesthetics, particularly those of action. The questioning of tradition is manifested primarily through a new approach to conflict, the origin of any dramatic intrigue, which evolves from a dispute between antagonists into a resolute intrapersonal confrontation unfolding within the troubled souls of characters grappling with acute suffering. While delving into evil and its scenic representation, Henry Bataille approaches this issue in an unusual manner for a French playwright of the late nineteenth century. In the play La Possession, we witness, on one hand, the expression of cruelty fueled by animosity between characters, and on the other hand, we observe metapsychological violence descending upon the poor, defenseless creatures facing the irrevocability of fate. If the first conflict (interpersonal) physically pits adversaries against each other—with physical violence being replaced by a battle unfolding on moral and psychological levels, the second one (intrapersonal) takes place within the heart and psyche of the hero, who, paralyzed by existential anguish, is torn between his fantasies and his relationship with reality.
Unraveling the dynamics of lignin chemistry on decomposition to understand its contribution to soil organic matter accumulation
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Aswin , Hedenström Mattias , Sparrman Tobias , Nilsson Mats B. , Schleucher Jürgen , Öquist Mats 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Aims
Plant inputs are the primary organic carbon source that transforms into soil organic matter (SOM) through microbial processing. One prevailing view is that lignin plays a major role in the accumulation of SOM. This study investigated lignin decomposition using wood from different genotypes of Populus tremula as the model substrate. The genotypes naturally varied in lignin content and composition, resulting in high and low lignin substrates.

Methods
The wood was inoculated with fresh soil and decomposition was interpreted through mass loss and CO2 produced during a 12-month lab incubation. Detailed information on the decomposition patterns of lignin was obtained by Two-dimensional Nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy on four occasions during the incubations.

Results
The lignin content per se did not affect the overall decomposition and ~ 60% of the mass was lost in both substrates. In addition, no differences in oxidative enzyme activity could be observed, and the rate of lignin decomposition was similar to that of the carbohydrates. The 2D NMR analysis showed the oxidized syringyl present in the initial samples was the most resistant to degradation among lignin subunits as it followed the order p-hydroxybenzoates > syringyl > guaiacyl > oxidized syringyl. Furthermore, the degradability of β–O–4 linkages in the lignin varied depending on the subunit (syringyl or guaiacyl) it is attached to.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that lignin contains fractions that are easily degradable and can break down alongside carbohydrates. Thus, the initial differences in lignin content per se do not necessarily affect magnitude of SOM accumulation.
GHRH in diabetes and metabolism
Authors: Steenblock Charlotte , Bornstein Stefan R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDespite over a century of insulin therapy and recent advances in glucose monitoring, diabetes and its complications remain a significant burden. Current medications are not durable, with symptoms often returning after treatment ends, and responses vary between patients. Additionally, the effectiveness of many medications diminishes over time, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Maintaining β-cell mass and promoting β-cell regeneration offer more curable treatments, while cell replacement therapies could be an option if regeneration is not feasible. For both strategies, enhancing β-cell survival is crucial. Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) was originally discovered for its ability to stimulate the production and release of growth hormone (GH) from the pituitary. Beyond the hypothalamus, GHRH is produced in peripheral tissues, with its receptor, GHRHR, expressed in tissues such as the pituitary, pancreas, adipose tissue, intestine, and liver. Several studies have shown that GHRH and its analogs enhance the survival of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells both in vitro and in animal models. These beneficial effects strongly support the potential of GHRH agonists and antagonists for the clinical treatment of human metabolic diseases or for enhancing β-cell survival in cells used for transplantation. In the current review, we will discuss the roles of hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic GHRH in metabolism in physiological and pathological contexts, along with the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential beneficial effects of GHRH analogs for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Enhanced Cyanide Oxidation to Cyanate via Photocatalytic Ozonation: Comparing Sol–Gel and Hydrothermal Synthesis of BiVO4 Catalysts
Authors: Vargas-Rueda Johan A. , Alonso Alejandro R. , Luna-Sánchez Rosa M. , Lartundo-Rojas L. , Cabrera-Sierra Román 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBismuth vanadate has been reported as a promising active semiconductor for visible light harvesting. However, the rapid recombination of charge carriers has limited its photocatalytic properties. As an alternative route to treat contaminated water containing cyanide ions, photoactivated BiVO4 in combination with ozone has been investigated. BiVO4 photocatalysts were synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method, as well as by sol–gel, obtaining the monoclinic crystalline structure and a band gap of ~ 2.5 eV by XRD and UV–Vis DRS. The morphological analysis, elemental chemical composition, BET surface area, stability, and photoluminescence characteristics were carried out for both samples. Although the majority composition belongs to BiVO4, the presence of secondary phases was confirmed by XPS. The BiVO4 obtained by sol–gel (sol–gel BVO) exhibited superior photocatalytic performance with a lower reaction time (15 min) to oxidize free cyanide under visible-light radiation in combination with ozone. The degradation kinetics is described by pseudo-zero-order kinetics, and the rate constant (k0) of BiVO4 synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was found to be the lower of the two. The high efficiency of the photocatalytic ozonation for the removal of free cyanide can be ascribed to a combination of two oxidation systems and the synergy of both processes.
Investigating Optimum Hot Working Window of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Using Modified Dynamic Material Modeling
Authors: Gonya Elvis M. , Makhatha Mamookho E. , Siyasiya Charles W. , Silubane Ndumiso M. , Kibambe Ngeleshi M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis paper uses a modified dynamic material modeling (MDMM) suggested by Murty and Rao to develop processing maps (PM) of 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSS). Gleeble 1500D, a thermo-mechanical simulator was used to conduct single hit compression tests at a temperature between 850 and 1050 °C and strain rates of 0.001-5 s−1. Additionally hot compression tests at a strain rate of 15 s−1 and same temperature range were also conducted on a Bahr 805 dilatometer. As per general procedure acquired stress-strain data were corrected for friction and adiabatic heating, before constructing PMs at true strains of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.8. Microstructures to validate the PM were prepared from safe domains and instability regimes belonging to PM of 0.8 true strain. Results showed that hot processing at intermediate to high strain rates and temperature leads to formation of flow instabilities such as mechanical twins and adiabatic shear bands. Safe domain located within the temperature range of (850-925) °C, strain rates of (2.6-15) s−1 and peak η = 35% gave an inhomogeneous microstructure with presumably non-uniform mechanical properties. This region was considered ideal for hot processing of 2205 DSS provided that deformation conditions are carefully controlled to optimise DRX. Low Z conditions also provided an optimum hot working for hot processing.
Effective Preparation of FFPE Tissue Samples for Preserving Appropriate Nucleic Acid Quality for Genomic Analysis in Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Okubo Yoichiro , Toyama Nagisa , Kasajima Rika , Toda Soji , Hayashi Hiroyuki , Yoshioka Emi , Washimi Kota , Sato Shinya , Hiroshima Yukihiko , Hasegawa Chie , Yuguchi Shu , Kadoya Mei , Narimatsu Hiroto , Masudo Katsuhiko , Iwasaki Hiroyuki , Yokose Tomoyuki , Miyagi Yohei 
Published: November 2024

AbstractFormalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples are important for genomic analysis of thyroid carcinomas, particularly for various molecularly targeted therapies. Therefore, this study developed and validated a technique for preparing FFPE tissue samples that preserves nucleic acid quality, which is fundamental for precise genomic analysis, more effectively than conventional methods. We analyzed surgically resected thyroid gland tumors, lymph node metastases, and separately fixed tumor samples to optimize formalin fixation and assess the influence of specimen type and preparation methods on nucleic acid quality. We assessed several quality indicators, including the DNA integrity number, cycle threshold ratio, RNA integrity number, and DV200. Separately fixed tumor samples consistently exhibited higher DNA and RNA quality than conventionally processed samples. Additionally, lymph node metastases often exhibit nucleic acid quality matching or exceeding that of thyroid gland tumors, highlighting their potential reliability for genomic analysis. These findings suggest the utility of various specimen types for the comprehensive genetic profiling of thyroid carcinomas. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that preparing separately fixed tumor samples is an effective method for preserving DNA and RNA quality for genomic analyses. Biopsy punches enable specimen collection at various facilities, including those without the ability to handle frozen specimens. This contributes to the development of a method for obtaining high-quality pathological samples that can be widely used in general medical practice. Moreover, lymph node metastases often exhibit nucleic acid quality equal to or superior to that of thyroid gland tumors, highlighting their potential as acceptable sources for genomic analyses.
Unsupervised Clustering in Neurocritical Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tas Jeanette , Rass Verena , Ianosi Bogdan-Andrei , Heidbreder Anna , Bergmann Melanie , Helbok Raimund 
Published: November 2024

AbstractManaging patients with acute brain injury in the neurocritical care (NCC) unit has become increasingly complex because of technological advances and increasing information derived from multiple data sources. Diverse data streams necessitate innovative approaches for clinicians to understand interactions between recorded variables. Unsupervised clustering integrates different data streams and could be supportive. Here, we provide a systematic review on the use of unsupervised clustering using NCC data. The primary objective was to provide an overview of clustering applications in NCC studies. As a secondary objective, we discuss considerations for future NCC studies. Databases (Medline, Scopus, Web of Science) were searched for unsupervised clustering in acute brain injury studies including traumatic brain injury (TBI), subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, acute ischemic stroke, and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury published until March 13th 2024. We performed the systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We identified 18 studies that used unsupervised clustering in NCC. Predominantly, studies focused on patients with TBI (12 of 18 studies). Multiple research questions used a variety of resource data, including demographics, clinical- and monitoring data, of which intracranial pressure was most often included (8 of 18 studies). Studies also covered various clustering methods, both traditional methods (e.g., k-means) and advanced methods, which are able to retain the temporal aspect. Finally, unsupervised clustering identified novel phenotypes for clinical outcomes in 9 of 12 studies. Unsupervised clustering can be used to phenotype NCC patients, especially patients with TBI, in diverse disease stages and identify clusters that may be used for prognostication. Despite the need for validation studies, this methodology could help to improve outcome prediction models, diagnostics, and understanding of pathophysiology.Registration number: PROSPERO: CRD4202347097676.
Age patterns of emigration from Egypt and return to it during 2000–2013
Authors: Metwally Soha , Mohamed Sayed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Egyptian emigration has been addressed as a singular incident, and it does not examine the possibility of returning to its home country or moving to another destination. Thus, more studies are needed to fill a gap in our knowledge of emigration from Egypt. Using a multistate life table approach, the study estimated the probability of emigration from Egypt according to destinations and the exact age of the emigrants, the probability of returning from the destination to the home country before reaching age 60, and the expected migration time in each destination; the study depended on data from the rich nationwide “The Egypt Household International Migration Survey.” Results confirm the pattern of migration from Egypt, which is acknowledged through previous studies, except that the driver of migration is no longer unemployment but rather in search of better conditions or a decent life. Also, the results indicate that Saudi Arabia attracted the largest percentage of working-age emigrants from Egypt, while Kuwait was the more stable destination. Libya is considered the least stable destination for Egyptian emigrants and the preferred country for young emigrants. Moreover, Saudi Arabia was the preferred destination for older Egyptians, followed by Kuwait. The probability of returning to Egypt increases significantly at 50-59 for all destination countries except Jordan. Finally, if an Egyptian emigrant wishes to move from their first destination, the next destination will be Saudi Arabia.
„Das ist wirklich eine Gratwanderung“: Schlüsselprobleme der Patientinnen- und Familienedukation zu technischen Assistenzsystemen in Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen – eine Grounded Theory
Authors: Kardas Leopold , Nick Carola , Lüftl Katharina 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Zwischen technischen Assistenzsystemen für die häusliche Versorgung und ihren potenziellen Nutzer:innen bestehen häufig erhebliche Passungsprobleme. Patient:innen- und Familienedukation stellt eine multimethodische und subjektorientierte Vermittlungsstrategie, die Brücken zwischen Mensch und Technik bauen und somit das postulierte Potenzial technischer Assistenzsysteme nutzbar machen könnte, dar. Pflegefachpersonen scheinen durch ihr edukatives Selbstverständnis und ihre Nähe zu Betroffenen prädestiniert für diese Aufgabe zu sein, werden durch ihre Ausbildung bisher aber nur unzureichend darauf vorbereitet.

Zielsetzung und Fragestellung
Zur Fundierung eines curricularen Bausteins der Pflegeausbildung und des Pflegestudiums sollen berufliche Schlüsselprobleme der Patient:innenedukation zu technischen Assistenzsystemen in den Sozial- und Gesundheitsberufen erhoben werden. Diese stellen empirisch identifizierte Herausforderungen im Handlungsfeld der Technikberatung, die zugleich auch pflegedidaktische Verhältnisbestimmungen zwischen Technik und pflege- bzw. gesundheitsberuflichem Handeln ermöglichen sollen, dar.

Methoden
Es wurde eine qualitative Studie durchgeführt. Auf der Grundlage einer Methodentriangulation wurden 15 Interviews geführt und anschließend mithilfe der Grounded-Theory-Methodologie nach Strauss und Corbin ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Als zentrales Schlüsselphänomen konnte die Praxis der Gratwanderung, welche 4 Schlüsselprobleme umfasst, identifiziert werden. Die Gratwanderung der Akteur:innen im Umgang mit den Schlüsselproblemen mündet in einer heuristischen Technikfolgenabschätzung, in der potenzieller Nutzen und Schaden von technischen Assistenzsystemen gegeneinander abgewogen werden. Hierfür müssen technische Artefakte in einen Zusammenhang mit (1) den Alltagspraktiken, (2) den soziomaterialen Rahmenbedingungen sowie (3) den Technikdeutungen ihrer Nutzer:innen gestellt werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Patient:innenedukation stellt eine geeignete Strategie dar, um das Handlungsfeld der Technikberatung weiter zu professionalisieren und so die Potenziale von technischen Assistenzsystemen in der häuslichen Versorgung realistisch zu nutzen.