bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating High‐Charge Optical Vortices Directly from Laser Up to 288th Order
Authors: Qiao Zhen , Xie Guoqiang , Wu Yuhang , Yuan Peng , Ma Jingui , Qian Liejia , Fan Dianyuan 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHigh‐charge optical vortices, every photon of which carries an orbital angular momentum with a large quantum number, are ideal sources for testing macroscopic quantum entanglements. Also, they show great potential in angular remote sensing and precise spatial measurements. The optical vortices generated directly from laser, which are eigensolutions of laser cavity equation (Helmholtz equation), are naturally of ideal quality. So far, many attempts have been made to generate optical vortices directly from lasers, but the topological charge remains low (<10th order). Here, the generation of optical vortices with high topological charge directly from laser is reported. By laser inscribing round patterns on the surface of the cavity mirror, optical vortices with topological charges up to the 288th order are generated. A theoretical design criterion is proposed for generating arbitrary‐charge optical vortices directly from laser, and even generation of over the 1000th‐order vortex is feasible with this method. It is also experimentally demonstrated that the generated vortices from the laser are transmission stable and have a significant advantage over the vortices generated by phase elements. This work may open up application prospects of optical vortices in quantum optics and precise metrology.
Strontium‐Substituted Hydroxyapatite‐Gelatin Biomimetic Scaffolds Modulate Bone Cell Response
Authors: Panzavolta Silvia , Torricelli Paola , Casolari Sonia , Parrilli Annapaola , Fini Milena , Bigi Adriana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractStrontium has a beneficial role on bone remodeling and is proposed for the treatment of pathologies associated to excessive bone resorption, such as osteoporosis. Herein, the possibility to utilize a biomimetic scaffold as strontium delivery system is explored. Porous 3D gelatin scaffolds containing about 30% of strontium substituted hydroxyapatite (SrHA) or pure hydroxyapatite (HA) are prepared by freeze‐drying. The scaffolds display a very high open porosity, with an interconnectivity of 100%. Reinforcement with further amount of gelatin provokes a modest decrease of the average pore size, without reducing interconnectivity. Moreover, reinforced scaffolds display reduced water uptake ability and increased values of mechanical parameters when compared to as‐prepared scaffolds. Strontium displays a sustained release in phosphate buffered saline: the quantities released after 14 d from as‐prepared and reinforced scaffolds are just 14 and 18% of the initial content, respectively. Coculture of osteoblasts and osteoclasts shows that SrHA‐containing scaffolds promote osteoblast viability and activity when compared to HA‐containing scaffolds. On the other hand, osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast differentiation are significantly inhibited on SrHA‐containing scaffolds, suggesting that these systems could be usefully applied for local delivery of strontium in loci characterized by excessive bone resorption.
Fetal MRI in management of complicated meconium ileus: Prenatal and surgical imaging
Authors: Gunderman Peter F.R. , Shea Lindsey A.G. , Gray Brian W. , Brown Brandon P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo review fetal MRI cases surgically proven to have meconium ileus (MI) and obstruction, describe the common fetal MRI findings that distinguish cases of complicated MI, and to compare these findings with surgical images and perinatal outcomes.MethodWe performed a retrospective review of all fetal MRI examinations and the corresponding medical record from our tertiary care children's hospital over an 18‐month period. Postnatal management and outcomes were reviewed for these patients, and those patients with surgical or postmortem diagnosis of complicated MI were included in the study.ResultsOur analysis revealed 7 cases. In this cohort, 3 imaging features of the fetal bowel were repeatedly seen: gradient appearance of intraluminal bowel contents, abnormally localized meconium signal, and collapsed appearance of the colon on MRI. Surgical diagnoses confirmed MI. All live‐born infants underwent surgical repair.ConclusionFetal MRI should be included in the diagnostic algorithm of any pregnancy where fetal bowel obstruction is suspected to better risk stratify patients.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Kennerly Ann‐Marie , Kirk Alison 
Published: June 2018

AbstractRegular physical activity and low levels of prolonged sedentary behaviour are important lifestyle recommendations for the management of type 2 diabetes. This systematic review collates and summarises published research reporting on physical activity and sedentary behaviour of adults with type 2 diabetes.Systematic searches with three databases were conducted (Medline; PubMed; SportDiscus). Intervention studies were excluded. Studies were eligible if they: (i) were published in English; (ii) were published between 1997 and January 2017; and (iii) objectively and/or subjectively measured physical activity and/or sedentary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes. Two reviewers independently cross‐checked studies, conducted a quality assessment and extracted data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a narrative synthesis.The search identified 349 studies; 29 eligible studies were included. All studies measured physical activity and 15 studies measured sedentary behaviour. Twenty studies used subjective methods, six used objective methods and three used both subjective and objective methods. Most studies report low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behaviour in adults with type 2 diabetes and note adults with type 2 diabetes to be less active and more sedentary than those without type 2 diabetes.Regardless of measurement method or study location, adults with type 2 diabetes report low levels of physical activity and high levels of sedentary behaviour and are less active and more sedentary than those without type 2 diabetes. There is a need for large‐scale interventions which support active lifestyles to be implemented into diabetes care. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons.
Cationic Polyelectrolyte Mediated Synthesis of MnO2‐Based Core–Shell Structures as Activatable MRI Theranostic Platform for Tumor Cell Ablation
Authors: Fu Dongdong , Ding Xianguang , Wu Jian , Li Chunyan , Wang Qiangbin , Jiang Jiang 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImproving nanomaterial imaging contrast is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring. Designing activatable imaging agents has the extra benefit of improving signal‐to‐background ratios, as well as reporting local environmental cues. MnO2, sensitive to local pH and redox state, is used to modulate the tumor microenvironment and can serve as a potential activatable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) agent. However, the intrinsic 2D form may limit their applications in nanomedicine. Here, a novel facile aqueous route to synthesize MnO2 nanoshells on various core nanomaterials, regardless of their chemical nature and morphology, is reported. Cationic polyelectrolyte is discovered to be the key to obtain a universal method of coatingMnO2 on nanomaterials. Taking Cu2−xSe@MnO2 as an example, a remarkable three times enhanced T1‐MRI contrast in a tumor reducing environment is demonstrated. Combined with large optical absorbance of inner Cu2−xSe cores, they can be applied for efficient redox‐activated MRI‐guided photothermal therapy in the NIR‐II window in vitro and in vivo.
Outlier detection for multivariate categorical data
Authors: Puig Xavier , Ginebra Josep 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe detection of outlying rows in a contingency table is tackled from a Bayesian perspective, by adapting the framework adopted by Box and Tiao for normal models to multinomial models with random effects. The solution assumes a 2–component mixture model of 2 multinomial continuous mixtures for them, one for the nonoutlier rows and the second one for the outlier rows. The method starts by estimating the distributional characteristics of nonoutlier rows, and then it does cluster analysis to identify which rows belong to the outlier group and which do not. The method applies to any type of contingency table, and in particular, it could be used on the analysis of multivariate categorical control charts. Here, the use of the method is illustrated through a simulated example and by applying it to help identify heterogeneities of style among the acts in the plays of the First Folio edition of Shakespeare drama.
Case study of testing heavy‐particle concentrator‐aided remediation of lead‐contaminated rifle shooting range soil
Authors: Thangavadivel Kandasamy , Ranganathan Srinivasan , Sanderson Peter , Chadalavada Sreenivasulu , Naidu Ravi , Bowman Mark 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTrials were conducted to optimize the parameters of a heavy‐particle concentrator (HPC) for the remediation of soil stockpiles contaminated by metallic lead at the Mount Stuart training area in Townsville, Queensland, Australia. A range of treatment methods, including orbital screen, HPC, and a combination of orbital screen and HPC were evaluated. The treatment efficiency, as well as reductions in Pb and Australian Standard Teaching Procedure values, was ranked: Orbital screen + HPC < HPC < 2nd run through HPC. The combination of orbital screening, HPC, and phosphate‐aided immobilization completely remediated the stockpiled material by reducing total lead to below the Australian National Environmental Protection Measure Health Investigation Level for Soil Contaminant (Recreational; < 600 milligrams lead per kilogram). The optimized parameters of HPC at 4 tonnes per hour of the < 40 millimeter (mm) orbital screen feed fraction were: inclination angle 4°, trommel speed 1,860 revolutions per minute (rpm), HPC belt speed 3.5 rpm, material distribution chute extension 100 mm and water flow 480 liters per minute.
Open innovation, information, and entrepreneurship within platform ecosystems
Authors: Eckhardt Jonathan T. , Ciuchta Michael P. , Carpenter Mason 
Published: June 2018

Research SummaryCompanies sponsor platform ecosystems as an open innovation strategy to encourage complementors to develop complementary products, services, or technologies that can add value to the platform ecosystem. In this study, we develop and test an information‐based theory of entrepreneurial activity within platform ecosystems. We postulate that ecosystems produce different types of information—a subset of which will foster entrepreneurship in the form of the commercialization of complementary products that were previously released for free. Our results indicate that product‐specific information is associated with commercialization, but we fail to detect a relationship between market information and subsequent commercialization activity.Managerial SummaryThe digital economy has led to a proliferation of platform ecosystems that harness external innovation. These ecosystems rely on complementors who enhance the value of platforms by creating complementary technologies. Hence, complementors' commercial viability is important. One such type of ecosystem is an app store, which enables complementors to introduce software that improves the platform product. App stores exist for a variety of software platforms, ranging from mobile phone operating systems (iOS and Android) to electronic medical record systems (Epic and Cerner). In this research, we find that complementors who introduce a free version of a mobile app are more likely to commercialize their app in response to specific types of information and platform designers should manage information in their platforms to foster platform viability.
Mechanistic Insight on the Activity and Substrate Selectivity of Nonheme Iron Dioxygenases
Authors: de Visser Sam P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNonheme iron dioxygenases catalyze vital reactions for human health particularly related to aging processes. They are involved in the biosynthesis of amino acids, but also the biodegradation of toxic compounds. Typically they react with their substrate(s) through oxygen atom transfer, although often with the assistance of a co‐substrate like α‐ketoglutarate that is converted to succinate and CO2. Many reaction processes catalyzed by the nonheme iron dioxygenases are stereoselective or regiospecific and hence understanding the mechanism and protein involvement in the selectivity is important for the design of biotechnological applications of these enzymes. To this end, I will review recent work of our group on nonheme iron dioxygenases and include background information on their general structure and catalytic cycle. Examples of stereoselective and regiospecific reaction mechanisms we elucidated are for the AlkB repair enzyme, prolyl‐4‐hydroxylase and the ergothioneine biosynthesis enzyme. Finally, I cover an example where we bioengineered S‐p‐hydroxymandelate synthase into the R‐p‐hydroxymandelate synthase.
Fetoscopic two‐layer closure of open neural tube defects
Authors: Giné C. , Arévalo S. , Maíz N. , Rodó C. , Manrique S. , Poca A. , Molino J. A. , Carreras E. , López M. 
Published: June 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetoscopy for closure of open neural tube defects (NTD) remains controversial, as the use of patches or single‐layer closure is not considered to meet the standards of good neurosurgical reconstruction. In this study, we describe a fetoscopic two‐layer (myofascial and skin) closure technique for the treatment of NTD in five patients and report the preliminary anatomical outcome at birth.MethodsFrom February to September 2017, five pregnant women with a fetus with a NTD, including three cases of myelomeningocele and two cases of myelocele, were operated on using a fetoscopic two‐layer closure technique. In this technique, with the uterus exteriorized and using three 10‐Fr ports, the placode is dissected from the surrounding tissue and detethered, removing the cystic tissue. The skin is undermined by blunt dissection and the defect is sutured to the midline in two layers (myofascial and skin) using a running 4/0 resorbable barbed suture.ResultsMedian gestational age at the procedure was 24 + 3 (range, 23 + 5 to 27 + 3) weeks. Surgery was successful in all cases, without any intraoperative complications. Median time in surgery was 180 (range, 140–180) min and median time for fetoscopy was 105 (range, 65–120) min. In terms of obstetric complications, three cases of premature rupture of membranes and one case of chorioamnionitis were recorded. Median gestational age at delivery was 34 + 1 (range, 25 + 4 to 37 + 2) weeks and two patients delivered vaginally. The closed defect was watertight with good quality tissue in all cases.ConclusionFetoscopic two‐layer closure of NTD may improve the quality of the tissue covering the defect, diminishing the need for postnatal surgical revision, and preserving the well‐documented beneficial effects of prenatal closure on the neural tissue and hindbrain herniation. However, this technique may not be appropriate for those cases with wide diastasis of the myofascial layer or with a low quantity of available tissue. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Latitude and elevation as factors controlling occurrence of calanoid copepods in marginal lotic waters in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Miller Jan , Bayly Ian A. E. , Tang Cheryl , Hunter Simon J. , Ralph Timothy J. , Stone Luke 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFreshwater calanoid copepods develop abundant populations in lentic water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and lagoons. In this study, we examined the potential habitat value of edges in lotic systems such as creeks and rivers where waters tend to stagnate, providing lentic‐like environments. We examined a total of 353 edge samples collected from 321 sites across the state of New South Wales, Australia, with latitudes in the range 28.3–37.4°S and elevations in the range 2–1834 m above sea level. Of the total samples examined, calanoid copepods were found in 94 samples, with the frequency of occurrences of species decreasing in the order:Boeckella fluvialisHenry,B. triarticulata(Thomson),Gladioferens spinosusHenry,G. pectinatus(Brady),B. majorSearle,B. minutaSars, andCalamoecia lucasiBrady. The probability of occurrence of the calanoid copepods was related negatively to both latitude (as absolute values) and elevation, based on logistic regression models. We conclude that the edges of many lotic systems provide additional habitats for some species of freshwater calanoid copepods, with constraints on their distributions along latitudinal and elevational gradients.
Differences in Coracoid and Glenoid Dimensions Based on Sex, Race, and Age: Implications for Use of the Latarjet Technique in Glenoid Reconstruction
Authors: Knapik Derrick M. , Cumsky Jameson , Tanenbaum Joseph E. , Voos James E. , Gillespie Robert J. 
Published: June 2018

Background The Latarjet procedure restores shoulder stability through reconstruction of the glenoid arc. Prior investigations of glenoid and coracoid dimensions have been underpowered to detect differences based on sex and race. Questions/Purposes We sought to establish normative values for glenoid width and coracoid dimensions based on sex, race, and age. In addition, we assessed the restoration of glenoid dimensions using the classic and modified Latarjet techniques (classic technique: placing lateral surface of the coracoid to the glenoid; modified technique: placing inferior surface of the coracoid to the glenoid). Methods A total of 993 cadaveric specimens ( n = 1986 scapulae) from people over 18 years of age at the time of death were analyzed. Measurements of maximal glenoid width, coracoid width, thickness, and length were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed to detect differences based on sex and race, while univariable linear regression was used to determine the association of increasing age on measured dimensions. Results All dimensions of specimens were significantly larger in males than in females. Caucasians possessed larger mean glenoid width, coracoid width, and coracoid length, while coracoid thickness was significantly larger in African Americans. Linear regression analysis found that increasing age was associated with increased glenoid width and coracoid dimensions. Coracoid positioning restored glenoid width in defects measuring 20% of glenoid width using both classic and modified Latarjet techniques, while defects measuring up to 25% were more accurately reproduced using the modified technique. Conclusion Dimensions were significantly larger in males and in Caucasians, aside from coracoid thickness. Mean dimensions increased with advancing age. Coracoid positioning using classic or modified Latarjet techniques restored glenoid width defects measuring 20% of the glenoid width, while the modified technique allowed for restoration of larger defects.
Partners’ Educational Pairings and Fertility Across Europe
Authors: Nitsche Natalie , Matysiak Anna , Van Bavel Jan , Vignoli Daniele 
Published: June 2018

AbstractWe provide new evidence on the education-fertility relationship by using EU-SILC panel data on 24 European countries to investigate how couples’ educational pairings predict their childbearing behavior. We focus on differences in first-, second-, and third-birth rates among couples with varying combinations of partners’ education. Our results show important differences in how education relates to parity progressions depending on the education of the partner. First, highly educated homogamous couples show a distinct childbearing behavior in most country clusters. They tend to postpone the first birth most and display the highest second- and third-birth rates. Second, contrary to what may be expected based on the “new home economics” approach, hypergamous couples with a highly educated male and a lower-educated female partner display among the lowest second-birth transitions. Our findings underscore the relevance of interacting both partners’ education for a better understanding of the education-fertility relationship.
Strain Cervical Elastography in Pregnancy: Feasibility Study and Its Usefulness in Prediction of Preterm Birth
Authors: Shah Nupur , Kaul Anita 
Published: June 2018

AbstractCervix in pregnancy is a biomechanical barrier holding the uterine contents till the time of parturition. The feasibility and reproducibility of assessing cervical tissue stiffness for predicting preterm birth by a standard method using strain cervical elastography were studied here. The prospective study included use of transvaginal strain elastography assessment of cervix at 22–24 weeks in three regions of interest: (1) Endocervical canal and entire cervix in mid-sagittal plane (2) At the level of external os in cross section and (3) at the level of internal os in cross-sectional plane, with constant pressure application each time. Strain ratios were recorded twice for the operator 1 and once by operator 2. Cervical length was also measured according to standard protocol. The measurement of strain ratios was possible in all the 85 included cases. Intra or and inter operator agreement was good for all the 3 ROIs by Kappa analysis and Pearson coefficient. In 10 cases of preterm birth with cervical length ≤≤25 mm, the strain ratios at internal os were observed to be <≤1. Strain cervical elastography in pregnancy appears to be a novel, feasible and reproducible technique using a standard method for prediction of preterm birth.
Radiocarbon chronology of occupation of the site Chicha and Bayesian statistics for the assessment of a discontinuous transition from Late Bronze to Early Iron Age (West Siberia)
Authors: J. Schneeweiss , Becker F. , Molodin V.I. , Parzinger H. , Marchenko Zh.V. , Svyatko S.V. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
The Late Bronze to Iron Age transition in West Siberia involved significant cultural and political changes, which were reflected in the emergence of protourban settlements in the forest–steppe zone. The transition is roughly dated to the turn from the 2nd to the 1st mil. BC, mainly based on archaeological artefacts and on the general sociocultural development. A more precise radiocarbon dating for this transition was problematic mainly because of the general lack of data for West Siberia. This paper analyzes the chronology of the Late Bronze to Iron Age transition at Chicha, a reference site in the region for this period. The assessment of a possible hiatus between the Late Bronze Age and the following transitional period at Chicha is the key issue of our paper, as its presence may have far reaching cultural implications. To increase the precision of the radiocarbon chronology with focus on the possible hiatus, the samples from well-defined stratigraphic contexts were analyzed using Bayesian modeling incorporating stratigraphic information. The performed chronological modeling supports existing archaeological hypothesis of a hiatus at the very end of the 2nd mil. BC, just before the regular emergence of a new protourban settlement at the site of an abandoned Late Bronze settlement. A sensitivity analysis including the simulated hiatus confirms the reliability of the model. A complete population change seems to be plausible. The protourban settlement of Chicha, typical of the Transitional period, did not exist very long. With the emergence of the early nomadic cultures in the South Siberian steppes at the beginning of the 1st mil. BC, it most probably stopped functioning. The cultural development of that time, former believed to be continuous, was deeply interrupted several times.