bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma cell neoplasm with varied morphology: A report of two cases
Authors: Vasnik Gautam Kumar , Venkatesan S. , Sharma Sanjeevan , Malik Ajay 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlasma cell (PC) neoplasm (PCN) with varied morphology has been described in the literature. The majority of clonal proliferation of PCs is composed of easily recognizable morphology in the bone marrow (BM). However, few cases may cause diagnostic complexity, as they exhibit varied cytological and architectural heterogeneity which may pose problem in morphological diagnosis and require the use of ancillary techniques like immunohistochemistry (IHC). We illustrate here two such cases of PCN with varied morphology in BM aspirate, in the form of clustering/rosetting and multiple clear cytoplasmic vacuoles, respectively, leading to varied differential diagnosis. However, later, the histopathological features on BM biopsy findings were relatively characteristic and IHC confirmed the final diagnosis. The morphological variants documented in both these cases are exceptional and representative of the various forms of atypical PCs.
Detection and genetic characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producers in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sahoo Suryarashmi , Otta Sarita , Swain Bichitrananda , Kar Subrat Kumar 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms inactivate extended beta-lactam antibiotics and monobactams and also exhibit coresistance to many other classes of antibiotics. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence of the ESBLs and to determine the most prevalent genotype in our hospital.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: All clinically significant Gram-negative isolates were identified, and their antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by Kirby–Bauers' disc diffusion method. ESBL detection was confirmed by minimal inhibitory concentration method using agar dilution technique for those who screened positive by ceftazidime (30 μg) disc. Further, the established ESBL-positive isolates were subjected to genotyping for bla TEM, bla CTX-M, and bla SHV genes by using conventional polymerase chain reaction.
RESULTS: Escherichia coli was the most common (28.84%) Gram-negative bacillus followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.07%), while Pseudomonas spp. (9.61%) was the most commonly identified nonfermenter. ESBL production was detected in 160 (30.8%) isolates. Klebsiella oxytoca (46.7%) followed by E. coli (44%) were the common ESBL producers. Most predominant ESBL gene was bla TEM, found in 122 (76.25%) isolates. Combinations of two genes were seen in 109 (68.1%) isolates, the most common (43.12%) combination being blaTEM and blaCTX-M. In this study, 16 (10%) strains had all the three types of genes. Most of the isolated Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were sensitive to amikacin, imipenem, and colistin.
CONCLUSION: In our study, the 30.8% of GNB were ESBL producers. This is the only study that shows that TEM is the most prevalent ESBL genotypes in our area. Of concern is a good number of isolates showing all three patterns of genes (TEM, SHV, and CTX-M). Amikacin, imipenem, and colistin were the most useful antibiotics in our setup.
Reduction in sample rejections at the preanalytical phase – Impact of training in a tertiary care oncology center
Authors: Chavan Preeti D. , Bhat Vivek G. , Poladia Pratik P. , Tiwari Manikchandra R. , Naresh Chital 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
CONTEXT: Major clinical decisions are based on the laboratory test results where preanalytical errors are an important cause of repeat collections in patients. Identification of problem areas and continuous training of phlebotomy staff are important tools in reducing these errors.
AIMS: In this study, we looked at the most common causes of sample rejection in our setting and the efficacy of the corrective measures and training processes for staff in reducing preanalytical errors.
SETTINGS AND DESIGNS: This prospective study was conducted at the laboratory diagnostic services of a tertiary care oncology center, with a hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit during the period of 2012–2017 in two phases. Sample rejections from various wards were analyzed for types of rejections.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the first phase, we analyzed the problem areas (year 2012). Following a root cause analysis, current practices of training were altered. In the second phase (2013–2017), we studied the effects of these measures.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The percent variation and P value for significance in sample rejections were calculated.
RESULTS: During the year 2012, 0.36% samples were rejected by laboratory. Following interventions in the period from 2013 to 2017, samples rejected dropped to 0.19% (P < 0.0001), 0.09% (P < 0.0001), 0.09% (P = 0.8387), 0.05% (P = 0.0004), and 0.05% (P = 0.329), respectively. The reduction was significant from surgical oncology ward (P = 0.0107) and intensive care unit (P = 0.0007). From 2013 to 2017, errors significantly reduced to 0.015% for hemolyzed samples (P = 0.0001), 0.005% for contaminated samples, 0.036% for clotted samples, and 0.019% for labeling errors.
CONCLUSION: Intervention in the form of targeted training helps reduce errors and improves the quality of results generated and contributes to better clinical outcomes.
Multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Salmonella spp. in the municipality-supplied drinking water
Authors: Shankar Prem , Mishra Jyotsna , Bharti Vijaya , Parashar Deepak , Singh Sarman 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The contamination with Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Salmonella spp. in drinking water is the most prevalent in Indian subcontinent, but often difficult to detect all these pathogens from the drinking water.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) method was developed to detect contamination of municipality-supplied drinking water with E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and Salmonella spp. The primers were designed to target small subunit of 16S rRNA type gene of E. histolytica and G. lamblia, and invasive A gene of Salmonella typhimurium. The optimized mPCR assay was applied on 158 municipality-supplied drinking water samples collected from Delhi.
RESULTS: Out of total 158 water samples, 89 (56.32%) were found positive for the targeted pathogens by mPCR while conventional methods could be detected only in 11 (6.96%) samples. The mPCR assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for these pathogens in comparison with culture and microscopic detection. Of the 89 mPCR-positive samples, G. lamblia, E. histolytica, and Salmonella spp. were present in 35 (22.15%), 26 (16.45%), and 28 (17.72%), respectively. Nine (5.69%) samples were positive for both E. histolytica and G. lamblia, 10 (6.32%) were positive for G. lamblia and Salmonella spp., and 8 (5.06%) had Salmonella spp. and E. histolytica. Nonetheless, 3 (1.89%) samples were positive for all three pathogens.
CONCLUSIONS: The present assay is an alternative to conventional methods to serve as highly sensitive, specific, and economical means for water quality surveillance to detect the outbreak caused by E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and Salmonella spp. pathogens.
Laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy for treating recurrent liver cancer
Authors: Cai Jingwei , Zheng Junhao , Xie Yangyang , Kirih Mubarak Ali , Tao Liye , Liang Xiao 
Published: October 2019

Background:
Laparoscopic repeat hepatectomy (LRH) is a technically challenging procedure, so LRH for recurrent liver cancer has not been widely accepted. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the current literature to identify and evaluate available data of LRH for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (rHCC) and metastases tumour of liver, especially of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), focusing on the safety and feasibility.

Methods:
A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was performed for all studies published in English evaluating LRH for rHCC and recurrent metastases tumour of liver from 1st January, 2005 to 1st June, 2019.

Results:
A total of 15 studies which comprised 444 patients and reported outcomes for the efficacy and safety of LRH in the treatment of rHCC or CRLM were included in the present review. Moreover, nine studies compared the perioperative outcomes of LRH versus open repeat hepatectomy (ORH). LRH was superior to ORH with reduced blood loss, shorter operative time, shorter hospital stay and lower morbidity rates.

Conclusions:
LRH can safely performed in rHCC or CRLM patients with cirrhosis, previous open hepatectomy, multiple recurrent lesions and tumours located in difficult posterosuperior segments.
Calcification and latitudinal distribution of extant coccolithophores across the Drake Passage during late austral summer 2016
Authors: Saavedra-Pellitero Mariem , Baumann Karl-Heinz , Fuertes Miguel Ángel , Schulz Hartmut , Marcon Yann , Vollmar Nele Manon , Flores José-Abel , Lamy Frank 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Coccolithophores are globally distributed microscopic marine algae that
exert a major influence on the global carbon cycle through calcification and
primary productivity. There is recent interest in coccolithophore polar
communities; however field observations regarding their biogeographic
distribution are scarce for the Southern Ocean (SO). This study documents the
latitudinal, as well as in depth, variability in the coccolithophore
assemblage composition and the coccolith mass variation in the ecologically
dominant Emiliania huxleyi across the Drake Passage. Ninety-six water samples were taken
between 10 and 150 m water depth from 18 stations during POLARSTERN
Expedition PS97 (February–April 2016). A minimum of 200 coccospheres per
sample were identified in the scanning electron microscope, and coccolith mass
was estimated with light microscopy. We find that coccolithophore abundance,
diversity and maximum depth habitat decrease southwards, marking different
oceanographic fronts as ecological boundaries. We characterize three zones:
(1) the Chilean margin, where E. huxleyi type A (normal and overcalcified) and type R
are present; (2) the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ), where E. huxleyi reaches maximum values
of 212.5×103 cells L−1 and types B/C, C and O are dominant; and (3) the Polar
Front Zone (PFZ), where E. huxleyi types B/C and C dominate. We link the decreasing
trend in E. huxleyi coccolith mass to the poleward latitudinal succession from the type A
to the type B group. Remarkably, we find that coccolith mass is strongly
anticorrelated to total alkalinity, total CO2, the bicarbonate ion and pH.
We speculate that low temperatures are a greater limiting factor than
carbonate chemistry in the Southern Ocean. However, further in situ
oceanographic data are needed to verify the proposed relationships. We
hypothesize that assemblage composition and calcification modes of E. huxleyi in the
Drake Passage will be strongly influenced by the ongoing climate change.
Greenhouse gas and energy fluxes in a boreal peatland forest after clear-cutting
Authors: Korkiakoski Mika , Tuovinen Juha-Pekka , Penttilä Timo , Sarkkola Sakari , Ojanen Paavo , Minkkinen Kari , Rainne Juuso , Laurila Tuomas , Lohila Annalea 
Published: October 2019

Abstract. The most common forest management method in Fennoscandia is rotation
forestry, including clear-cutting and forest regeneration. In clear-cutting,
stem wood is removed and the logging residues are either removed or left on
site. Clear-cutting changes the microclimate and vegetation structure at the
site, both of which affect the site's carbon balance. Peat soils with poor
aeration and high carbon densities are especially prone to such changes, and
significant changes in greenhouse gas exchange can be expected. We measured
carbon dioxide (CO2) and energy fluxes with the eddy covariance method
for 2 years (April 2016–March 2018) after clear-cutting a drained
peatland forest. We observed a significant rise (23 cm) in the water table
level and a large CO2 source (first year: 3086±148 g CO2 m−2 yr−1; second year: 2072±124 g CO2 m−2 yr−1). These large CO2 emissions resulted from the very low gross
primary production (GPP) following the removal of photosynthesizing trees
and the decline of ground vegetation, unable to compensate for the
decomposition of logging residues and peat. During the second summer
(June–August) after the clear-cutting, GPP had already increased by 96 %
and total ecosystem respiration decreased by 14 % from the previous
summer. The mean daytime ratio of sensible to latent heat flux decreased
after harvesting from 2.6 in May 2016 to 1.0 in August 2016, and in 2017 it
varied mostly within 0.6–1.0. In April–September, the mean daytime
sensible heat flux was 33 % lower and latent heat flux 40 % higher in
2017, probably due to the recovery of ground vegetation that increased
evapotranspiration and albedo of the site. In addition to CO2 and
energy fluxes, we measured methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)
fluxes with manual chambers. After the clear-cutting, the site turned from a
small CH4 sink into a small source and from N2O neutral to a
significant N2O source. Compared to the large CO2 emissions, the
100-year global warming potential (GWP100) of the CH4 emissions was
negligible. Also, the GWP100 due to increased N2O emissions was
less than 10 % of that of the CO2 emission change.
The Longue Durée: Village Life through the Ages
Authors: McMahon Gregory , Şerifoğlu Tevfik Emre , Steadman Sharon R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The three preceding articles in this issue traced village life at Çadır Höyük from the fourth millennium BCE to its probable final abandonment in the thirteenth or possibly the fourteenth century CE. The authors attempted to identify the trials and tribulations, triumphs and tragedies endured by hundreds of generations of Çadır residents over five millennia of occupation. In this article we both broaden and narrow the discussion. We take a broad approach to changes in village life across Turkey and more specifically in our home province and village of Peyniryemez. However, rather than describing those changes over the course of hundreds or thousands of years, as was the case in the previous three articles, we focus primarily on the last one hundred years, since the birth of the Republic.
Mídia e história na Teoria Alemã das Mídias
Authors: Telles Marcio 
Published: October 2019

O artigo investiga como as palavras mídia e história são empregadas dentro dos textos teóricos da Teoria Alemã das Mídias. Afirma-se que problemas, soluções, metodologias e pressupostos teóricos encontrados dispersos em vários autores identificados com a TAM não são fortuitos, mas expressões produtivas do agenciamento constituído ao redor dessas palavras, que funcionariam como atratores teóricos dentro de uma rede discursiva. Estuda-se como mídia é usada (mas não conceituada), em Kittler, e em como “pós-história”, constituída na negação de história, substancia a Arqueologia das Mídias.
Size control of the inner ear via hydraulic feedback
Authors: Mosaliganti Kishore R , Swinburne Ian A , Chan Chon U , Obholzer Nikolaus D , Green Amelia A , Tanksale Shreyas , Mahadevan L , Megason Sean G 
Published: October 2019

Animals make organs of precise size, shape, and symmetry but how developing embryos do this is largely unknown. Here, we combine quantitative imaging, physical theory, and physiological measurement of hydrostatic pressure and fluid transport in zebrafish to study size control of the developing inner ear. We find that fluid accumulation creates hydrostatic pressure in the lumen leading to stress in the epithelium and expansion of the otic vesicle. Pressure, in turn, inhibits fluid transport into the lumen. This negative feedback loop between pressure and transport allows the otic vesicle to change growth rate to control natural or experimentally-induced size variation. Spatiotemporal patterning of contractility modulates pressure-driven strain for regional tissue thinning. Our work connects molecular-driven mechanisms, such as osmotic pressure driven strain and actomyosin tension, to the regulation of tissue morphogenesis via hydraulic feedback to ensure robust control of organ size.Editorial note: This article has been through an editorial process in which the authors decide how to respond to the issues raised during peer review. The Reviewing Editor's assessment is that all the issues have been addressed (<xref ref-type="decision-letter" rid="SA1">see decision letter</xref>).
Controlling Li Ion Flux through Materials Innovation for Dendrite‐Free Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Chengzhi , Wang Aoxuan , Ren Lingxiao , Guan Xuze , Wang Donghong , Dong Anping , Zhang Chanyuan , Li Guojie , Luo Jiayan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractLithium (Li) metal with high theoretical capacity and the lowest electrochemical potential has been proposed as the ideal anode for high‐energy‐density rechargeable battery systems. However, the practical commercialization of Li metal anodes is precluded by a short lifespan and safety problems caused by their intrinsically high reductivity, infinite volume change, and uncontrollable dendrite growth during deposition and dissolution processes. Plenty of strategies have been introduced to solve the above‐mentioned problems. Among these, controlling Li+ flux plays a vital role to directly influence the plating and stripping process. In this work, the fundamental effect of Li+ flux distribution on Li nucleation and early dendrite growth is discussed. Then, recent strategies of controlling Li+ flux to suppress dendrite formation and growth through materials design are summarized, including homogenizing Li+ flux, localizing Li+ flux, and guiding gradient Li+ distribution. Finally, underexplored materials are proposed and explored to control Li+ flux and further directions for dendrite‐free Li anodes. It is expected that this progress report will help to deepen the understanding of Li+ flow tuning and morphology control of Li anodes and eventually facilitate the practical application of Li metal batteries.
Nanostructured Substrates for Detection and Characterization of Circulating Rare Cells: From Materials Research to Clinical Applications
Authors: Dong Jiantong , Chen Jie‐Fu , Smalley Matthew , Zhao Meiping , Ke Zunfu , Zhu Yazhen , Tseng Hsian‐Rong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCirculating rare cells in the blood are of great significance for both materials research and clinical applications. For example, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been demonstrated as useful biomarkers for “liquid biopsy” of the tumor. Circulating fetal nucleated cells (CFNCs) have shown potential in noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. However, it is technically challenging to detect and isolate circulating rare cells due to their extremely low abundance compared to hematologic cells. Nanostructured substrates offer a unique solution to address these challenges by providing local topographic interactions to strengthen cell adhesion and large surface areas for grafting capture agents, resulting in improved cell capture efficiency, purity, sensitivity, and reproducibility. In addition, rare‐cell retrieval strategies, including stimulus‐responsiveness and additive reagent‐triggered release on different nanostructured substrates, allow for on‐demand retrieval of the captured CTCs/CFNCs with high cell viability and molecular integrity. Several nanostructured substrate‐enabled CTC/CFNC assays are observed maturing from enumeration and subclassification to molecular analyses. These can one day become powerful tools in disease diagnosis, prognostic prediction, and dynamic monitoring of therapeutic response—paving the way for personalized medical care.
Liquid‐Crystal‐Mediated Geometric Phase: From Transmissive to Broadband Reflective Planar Optics
Authors: Chen Peng , Wei Bing‐Yan , Hu Wei , Lu Yan‐Qing 
Published: October 2019

AbstractPlanar optical elements that can manipulate the multidimensional physical parameters of light efficiently and compactly are highly sought after in modern optics and nanophotonics. In recent years, the geometric phase, induced by the photonic spin–orbit interaction, has attracted extensive attention for planar optics due to its powerful beam shaping capability. The geometric phase can usually be generated via inhomogeneous anisotropic materials, among which liquid crystals (LCs) have been a focus. Their pronounced optical properties and controllable and stimuli‐responsive self‐assembly behavior introduce new possibilities for LCs beyond traditional panel displays. Recent advances in LC‐mediated geometric phase planar optics are briefly reviewed. First, several recently developed photopatterning techniques are presented, enabling the accurate fabrication of complicated LC microstructures. Subsequently, nematic LC‐based transmissive planar optical elements and chiral LC‐based broadband reflective elements are reviewed systematically. Versatile functionalities are revealed, from conventional beam steering and focusing, to advanced structuring. Combining the geometric phase with structured LC materials offers a satisfactory platform for planar optics with desired functionalities and drastically extends exceptional applications of ordered soft matter. Some prospects on this rapidly advancing field are also provided.
Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide‐Based Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Yun Qinbai , Li Liuxiao , Hu Zhaoning , Lu Qipeng , Chen Bo , Zhang Hua 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe rapid development of electrochemical energy storage (EES) systems requires novel electrode materials with high performance. A typical 2D nanomaterial, layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are regarded as promising materials used for EES systems due to their large specific surface areas and layer structures benefiting fast ion transport. The typical methods for the preparation of TMDs and TMD‐based nanohybrids are first summarized. Then, in order to improve the electrochemical performance of various kinds of rechargeable batteries, such as lithium‐ion batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, and other types of emerging batteries, the strategies for the design and fabrication of layered TMD‐based electrode materials are discussed. Furthermore, the applications of layered TMD‐based nanomaterials in supercapacitors, especially in untraditional supercapacitors, are presented. Finally, the existing challenges and promising future research directions in this field are proposed.
Vinylogous Annulation Cascade Toward Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Indanone Derivatives
Authors: Bhajammanavar Vinod , Mallik Sumitava , Baidya Mahiuddin 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA base promoted vinylogous annulation cascade of alkylidene malononitriles with cyclopentene‐1,3‐diones with a subsequent reduction sequence has been devised to furnish densely functionalized 3‐hydroxyindanone scaffolds in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivity. Unlike preceding approaches that account for the formation of the pentanoid ring, this strategy features construction of the aromatic ring. The protocol is scalable, displays very broad substrates scope including late‐stage functionalization of bioactive estrone, applicable to activated coumarin system, and is suitable to access an indenoquinoline derivative.magnified image