bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sejarah Perkembangan Penulisan Al-Qur’an dan Tafsir di Indonesia
Authors: Sukamto Sri 
Published: November 2024

After the Conference of Ulama Al-Qur'an in 1984 and the Decree of the Minister of Religion number 25, it was agreed that the copying of the Al-Qur'an standardized using Ratsm Usmani. The initial emergence of Indonesian standard Mushaf Al-Qur'an cannot be separated from the existence of "Lajnah Pentashih Mushaf Al-Qur'an" which in the 1970's was under the Indonesian Ministry of Religion. However, if look at previous history, the copying of Al-Qur'an was carried out by various levels of society, including Ulama, Santri, or profesional copyists with interest for teaching purposes. So, before Lajnah was established, several regions had classic mushaf with their own characteristics. This research is intended to describe the development of Al Qur'an writting and its interpretation in Indonesia. The aim of this research is to describe the development of Al Qur'an writing. The approach used in this research is a library research approach, which utilizes library sources such as books, scientific journals, ar,ticles and reports. The results of this research show that the development of Al-Qur'an writing in Indonesia is generally divided into two major categories. Some were copied by rasm Usmani and the others with a combination of rasm imlai. This is shows that the traces of the Ottoman Empire in copying the Al Qur'an in the Nusantara were at least known, even though there were no written works that could explain it. As time progressed, the tradition of Al-Quran writing in mushaf (handwritten) form began to innovate with the emergence of various offers in the matter of copying mushaf, including lithography (stone printing), hypography (metal printing)
Power Point-Based Educational Game on Science Learning to Support Elementary School Students' Learning Activities
Authors: Levitasari Anggita Nur , Cahyadi Fajar , Rofian Rofian 
Published: November 2024

Technological developments also have an impact on the world of education. Teachers to be able to use technology to create learning that is fun, interactive,and motivating. The purpose of this study is to determine the response of teachers and students as well as the effectiveness of interactive learning media PowerPoint game . This study uses Research and Development research using the ADDIE model, namely through the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation as research steps. Data collection is done by observation, interviews, expert validation, and questionnaires. The developed interactive learning media receives high feasibility ratings, with material experts, media experts, and linguists affirming its validity and suitability for testing. Student responses indicate strong engagement and interest, while teacher feedback underscores its potential as a valuable learning tool. Quantitative analysis of student learning outcomes reveals a significant improvement, with an average increase of 60.60%. Thus, the developed interactive learning media proves effective in enhancing student learning outcomes. The study advocates for the incorporation of this media into the school curriculum, emphasizing the importance of teacher guidance to optimize its utilization. Furthermore, it encourages ongoing development to align with technological advancements, ensuring continuous improvement in interactive learning experiences.
Outcomes of Sub-Neptune Collisions
Authors: Ghosh Tuhin , Chatterjee Sourav , Lombardi James C. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Observed high multiplicity planetary systems are often tightly packed. Numerical studies indicate that such systems are susceptible to dynamical instabilities. Dynamical instabilities in close-in tightly packed systems, similar to those found in abundance by Kepler, often lead to planet–planet collisions. For sub-Neptunes, the dominant type of observed exoplanets, the planetary mass is concentrated in a rocky core, but the volume is dominated by a low-density gaseous envelope. For these, using the traditional perfect merger assumption (also known as the “sticky-sphere” approximation) to resolve collisions is questionable. Using both N-body integration and smoothed-particle hydrodynamics, we have simulated sub-Neptune collisions for a wide range in realistic kinematic properties such as impact parameters (

b
′

) and impact velocities (

v

im

) to study the possible outcomes in detail. We find that the majority of the collisions with kinematic properties similar to what is expected from dynamical instabilities in multiplanet systems may not lead to mergers of sub-Neptunes. Instead, both sub-Neptunes survive the encounter, often with significant atmosphere loss. When mergers do occur, they can involve significant mass loss and can sometimes lead to complete disruption of one or both planets. Sub-Neptunes merge or disrupt if

b
′
<

b

c

′

, a critical value dependent on

v

im

/v
esc, where v
esc is the escape velocity from the surface of the hypothetical merged planet assuming perfect merger. For

v

im

/

v

esc

≲
2.5

,

b

c

′

∝

(

v

im

/

v

esc

)

−
2

, and collisions with

b
′
<

b

c

′

typically leads to mergers. On the other hand, for

v

im

/

v

esc

≳
2.5

,

b

c

′

∝

v

im

/v
esc, and the collisions with

b
′
<

b

c

′

can result in complete destruction of one or both sub-Neptunes.
Environmental Quenching of Low-surface-brightness Galaxies Near Hosts from Large Magellanic Cloud to Milky Way Mass Scales
Authors: Bhattacharyya J. , Peter A. H. G. , Martini P. , Mutlu-Pakdil B. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Pace A. B. , Strigari L. E. , Cheng T.-Y. , Roberts D. , Tanoglidis D. , Aguena M. , Alves O. , Andrade-Oliveira F. , Bacon D. , Brooks D. , Carnero Rosell A. , Carretero J. , da Costa L. N. , Pereira M. E. S. , Davis T. M. , Desai S. , Doel P. , Ferrero I. , Frieman J. , García-Bellido J. , Giannini G. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Hinton S. R. , Hollowood D. L. , Honscheid K. , James D. J. , Kuehn K. , Marshall J. L. , Mena-Fernández J. , Miquel R. , Palmese A. , Pieres A. , Plazas Malagón A. A. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith M. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Vincenzi M. , Walker A. R. , Weaverdyck N. , Wiseman P. ,   Dark Energy Survey Collaboration
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Low-surface-brightness galaxies (LSBGs) are excellent probes of quenching and other environmental processes near massive galaxies. We study an extensive sample of LSBGs near massive hosts in the local universe that are distributed across a diverse range of environments. The LSBGs with surface-brightness

μ

eff
,
g

>
24.2

mag

arcsec

−
2

are drawn from the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 catalog while the hosts with masses

9.0
<
log
(

M

⋆

/

M

⊙

)
<
11.0

comparable to the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud are selected from the z0MGS sample. We study the projected radial density profiles of LSBGs as a function of their color and surface brightness around hosts in both the rich Fornax–Eridanus cluster environment and the low-density field. We detect an overdensity with respect to the background density, out to 2.5 times the virial radius for both hosts in the cluster environment and the isolated field galaxies. When the LSBG sample is split by g − i color or surface brightness μ
eff, g
, we find the LSBGs closer to their hosts are significantly redder and brighter, like their high-surface-brightness counterparts. The LSBGs form a clear “red sequence” in both the cluster and isolated environments that is visible beyond the virial radius of the hosts. This suggests preprocessing of infalling LSBGs and a quenched backsplash population around both host samples. More so, the relative prominence of the “blue cloud” feature implies that preprocessing is ongoing near the isolated hosts compared to the cluster environment where the LSBGs are already well processed.
The Stellar Bar–Dark Matter Halo Connection in the TNG50 Simulations
Authors: Ansar Sioree , Das Mousumi 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Stellar bars in disk galaxies grow as stars in near-circular orbits lose angular momentum to their environments, including their dark matter (DM) halo, and transform into elongated bar orbits. This angular momentum exchange during galaxy evolution hints at a connection between bar properties and the DM halo spin λ, the dimensionless form of DM angular momentum. We investigate the connection between halo spin λ and galaxy properties in the presence/absence of stellar bars, using the cosmological magnetohydrodynamic TNG50 simulations at multiple redshifts (0 < z

r
< 1). We determine the bar strength (or bar amplitude, A
2/A
0), using Fourier decomposition of the face-on stellar density distribution. We determine the halo spin for barred and unbarred galaxies (0 < A
2/A
0 < 0.7) in the center of the DM halo, close to the galaxy’s stellar disk. At z

r
= 0, there is an anticorrelation between halo spin and bar strength. Strongly barred galaxies (A
2/A
0 > 0.4) reside in DM halos with low spin and low specific angular momentum at their centers. In contrast, unbarred/weakly barred galaxies (A
2/A
0 < 0.2) exist in halos with higher central spin and higher specific angular momentum. The anticorrelation is due to the barred galaxies’ higher DM mass and lower angular momentum than the unbarred galaxies at z

r
= 0, as a result of galaxy evolution. At high redshifts (z

r
= 1), all galaxies have higher halo spin compared to those at lower redshifts (z

r
= 0), with a weak anticorrelation for galaxies having A
2/A
0 > 0.2. The formation of DM bars in strongly barred systems highlights how angular momentum transfer to the halo can influence its central spin.
A Systematic Analysis of Star Cluster Disruption by Tidal Shocks. II. Predicting Star Cluster Dissolution Rates from a Time-series Analysis of Their Tidal Histories
Authors: Webb Jeremy J. , Reina-Campos Marta , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Most of the dynamical mass loss from star clusters is thought to be caused by the time variability of the tidal field (“tidal shocks”). Systematic studies of tidal shocks have been hampered by the fact that each tidal history is unique, implying both a reproducibility and a generalization problem. Here we address these issues by investigating how star cluster evolution depends on the statistical properties of its tidal history. We run a large suite of direct N-body simulations of clusters with tidal histories generated from power spectra of a given slope and with different normalizations, which determine the timescales and amplitudes of the shocks, respectively. At fixed normalization (i.e., the same median tidal field strength), the dissolution timescale is nearly independent of the power spectrum slope. However, the dispersion in dissolution timescales, obtained by repeating simulations for different realizations of statistically identical tidal histories, increases with the power spectrum slope. This result means that clusters experiencing high-frequency shocks have more similar mass-loss histories than clusters experiencing low-frequency shocks. The density–mass relationship of the simulated clusters follows a power law with slope between 1.08 and 1.45, except for the lowest normalizations (for which clusters effectively evolve in a static tidal field). Our findings suggest that star cluster evolution can be described statistically from a time-series analysis of its tidal history, which is an important simplification for describing the evolution of the star cluster population during galaxy formation and evolution.
Characterizing the Molecular Gas in Infrared Bright Galaxies with CARMA
Authors: Alatalo Katherine , Petric Andreea O. , Lanz Lauranne , Rowlands Kate , U Vivian , Larson Kirsten L. , Armus Lee , Barcos-Muñoz Loreto , Evans Aaron S. , Koda Jin , Luo Yuanze , Medling Anne M. , Nyland Kristina E. , Otter Justin A. , Patil Pallavi , Peñaloza Fernando , Salim Diane , Sanders David B. , Sazonova Elizaveta , Skarbinski Maya , Song Yiqing , Treister Ezequiel , Urry C. Meg 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We present the CO(1–0) maps of 28 infrared-bright galaxies from the Great Observatories All-Sky Luminous Infrared Galaxy Survey (GOALS) taken with the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy (CARMA). We detect 100 GHz continuum in 16 of the 28 CARMA GOALS galaxies, which trace both active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and compact star-forming cores. The GOALS galaxies show a variety of molecular gas morphologies, though in the majority of cases the average velocity fields show a gradient consistent with rotation. We fit the full continuum spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of each of the sources using either magphys or SED3FIT (if there are signs of an AGN) to derive the total stellar mass, dust mass, and SFRs of each object. We adopt a value determined from luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs and ULIRGs) of α
CO =

1.5

−
0.8

+
1.3

M
⊙ (K km s−1 pc2)−1, which leads to more physical values for f
mol and the gas-to-dust ratio. Mergers tend to have the highest gas-to-dust ratios. We assume the cospatiality of the molecular gas and star formation and plot the CARMA GOALS sample on the Schmidt–Kennicutt relation, where we find that they preferentially lie above the line set by normal star-forming galaxies. This hyper-efficiency is likely due to the increased turbulence in these systems, which decreases the freefall time compared to star-forming galaxies, leading to “enhanced” star formation efficiency. Line wings are present in a non-negligible subsample (11/28) of the CARMA GOALS sources and are likely due to outflows driven by AGNs or star formation, gas inflows, or additional decoupled gas components.
Accelerating Giant-impact Simulations with Machine Learning
Authors: Lammers Caleb , Cranmer Miles , Hadden Sam , Ho Shirley , Murray Norman , Tamayo Daniel 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Constraining planet-formation models based on the observed exoplanet population requires generating large samples of synthetic planetary systems, which can be computationally prohibitive. A significant bottleneck is simulating the giant-impact phase, during which planetary embryos evolve gravitationally and combine to form planets, which may themselves experience later collisions. To accelerate giant-impact simulations, we present a machine learning (ML) approach to predicting collisional outcomes in multiplanet systems. Trained on more than 500,000 N-body simulations of three-planet systems, we develop an ML model that can accurately predict which two planets will experience a collision, along with the state of the postcollision planets, from a short integration of the system’s initial conditions. Our model greatly improves on non-ML baselines that rely on metrics from dynamics theory, which struggle to accurately predict which pair of planets will experience a collision. By combining with a model for predicting long-term stability, we create an ML-based giant-impact emulator, which can predict the outcomes of giant-impact simulations with reasonable accuracy and a speedup of up to 4 orders of magnitude. We expect our model to enable analyses that would not otherwise be computationally feasible. As such, we release our training code, along with an easy-to-use user interface for our collision-outcome model and giant-impact emulator (https://github.com/dtamayo/spock).
Fast Radio Bursts with Narrow Beaming Angles Can Escape from Magnetar Magnetospheres
Authors: Huang Yu-Chen , Dai Zi-Gao 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration transients observed in the radio band, with their origin and radiation mechanism remaining unclear to date. Growing evidence indicates that at least some FRBs originate from magnetars and are likely generated within the magnetospheres of these highly magnetized neutron stars. However, a recent study suggested that FRBs originating from magnetar magnetospheres would be scattered by magnetospheric electron–positron pair plasma, making it impossible for them to escape successfully. In this paper, we first demonstrate that the scattering effect can be greatly attenuated if the angle between the FRB propagation direction and the background magnetic field is ∼10−2 rad or smaller. When the angle is around 10−1 rad, the beaming effect of FRBs becomes significant in reducing scattering. Such FRBs have small transverse spatial sizes, which can help them instantly push the front plasma laterally out of the radiation region. This significantly mitigates the FRB-induced two-photon annihilation reaction, γ + γ → e
− + e
+, which was previously regarded as a key factor hindering the propagation of FRBs. A critical radiation-cone half-opening angle between 10−3 and 10−2 rad is found for an FRB with isotropic luminosity L
iso ∼ 1042 erg s−1 and emitted at a radius r
em ≲ 109 cm in the magnetosphere of a magnetar. Smaller beaming angles and larger emission radii can be more advantageous for the propagation of FRBs in magnetospheres. Our result supports the scenario that FRBs could originate from magnetar magnetospheres.
Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration on the Outcome of Full Pulpotomy in Mature Permanent Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis – A Systematic Review
Authors: Saini Aakriti , Kaur Amandeep , Sharma Sidhartha , Kumar Vijay , Chawla Amrita , Logani Ajay 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To determine the outcome of full pulpotomy in management of mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis when 2.5% versus other concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used to achieve haemostasis. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov for English language articles until July 2021. Randomised clinical trials and cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies where full pulpotomy was performed to manage mature permanent molar teeth with irreversible pulpitis and no periapical radiolucency were included. Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the Cochrane risk of bias tool were used for quality assessment. The success rate for full pulpotomy was documented. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO database (CRD42020177214). Out of 861 studies, four were considered for data analysis. Three studies were single-arm prospective trials on pulpotomy, while one was a randomised control trial comparing pulpotomy and root canal treatment. A combined success rate of 93% from 117 teeth was reported from three studies using 2.5% NaOCl as a haemostatic agent. One study used 5% NaOCl and reported a success rate of 100% (n = 6 teeth). The certainty of evidence substantiated by the GRADE approach was of low quality. Overall quality assessment revealed a considerable risk of bias in three studies. Irrespective of the NaOCl concentration, the success rate of pulpotomy in mature permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis was high. No study compared the different concentrations of NaOCl as a haemostatic agent. Further, randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the effect of NaOCl concentration for haemostasis on the outcome of pulpotomy.
Mooren’s Ulcer with Pathologic Findings Similar to Cicatricial Pemphigoid
Authors: Jackson Kevin , Snyder Alexander , Hall Russell , McCallum Rex , Houser Kourtney , Sura Amol 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
To report a case of peripheral corneal thinning with a presentation similar to a Mooren’s ulcer but with pathology consistent with cicatricial pemphigoid. We report the case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with unilateral peripheral corneal thinning. Before presentation, the patient was treated with prednisone 60 mg daily, an amniotic membrane, and artificial tears. The patient denied any prior autoimmune history. The left cornea had nasal crescentic corneal thinning 6.0 mm tall and 1.5 mm wide. Visual acuity was 20/40 uncorrected in the involved eye. Initial laboratory workup was notable for a low positive rheumatoid factor and positive fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption but negative rapid plasma reagin. Corneal cultures were negative. The patient was started on oral and topical steroids, topical moxifloxacin, and mycophenolate mofetil and underwent a conjunctival resection. The conjunctival tissue was sent for pathology and was notable for strong deposits of immunoglobulin G at the epithelial basement membrane consistent with mucous membrane pemphigoid. Mycophenolate mofetil was discontinued due to oral thrush. Due to persistent activity, she underwent repeat conjunctival resection with the placement of an amniotic membrane over the area of thinning. She was subsequently started on rituximab biosimilar infusions and tapered off prednisone. Visual acuity at the last follow-up was 20/25. While conjunctival resection is a potential management option for Mooren’s ulcer, routine conjunctival biopsy for pathology is not. Our case highlights a potential overlap between the pathophysiology of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and Mooren’s ulcer. Sending conjunctival tissue for pathology could provide benefits to the underlying mechanisms of different variants of Mooren’s ulcer.
Relationship between workplace violence and attitudes towards the nursing profession in nursing students: A cross-sectional study in Iran
Authors: Jafarizadeh Raana , Ebadi Abbas , Roshan Hosein Mohammadi , Kianian Toktam , Barasteh Salman , Ebrahimloee Saba , Pelarak Ferdos , Goliroshan Soghra , Hatami Mohammad , Soleimani Malek 
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:
Nursing students are at risk of violence. When nursing students encounter violence in clinical environments, their functional abilities and their desire to stay in this profession are impressed. This research determines the relationship between violence in the workplace and the attitude towards the nursing profession (NP) among Iranian nursing students in 2021.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional research was conducted as an online survey in 2021, and 512 nursing students were selected using the convenience method. Data collection tools included a demographic information form, a professional attitude questionnaire, and a workplace violence questionnaire. Chi-square tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), sample t-test, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data.

RESULTS:
The average age was 23.19 ± 4.58 years. Students with high violence experiences had a more negative attitude towards the profession (P = 0.000). The perpetrators of violence were mainly hospital employees (52.42). It was followed by patients and companions (45.86) and instructors (43.95). A significant relationship was found between gender (P = 0.03), age (P = 0.00), academic year (P = 0.005), and marital status (P = 0.008) with attitude towards profession. The findings of this research showed that the variables of gender (boy) and age have an inverse effect on the attitude with a predictive power of 37%; however, the attitude towards the profession becomes positive by increasing the academic year.

CONCLUSION:
This research provides data to nursing schools to develop intervention and prevention strategies to support students in dealing with the experience of violence. Holding related training courses in violence prevention techniques reduces the other party’s anger and can help improve the situation.