bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebral Oxygen Desaturation in Patients with Totally Thoracoscopic Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Li Guohui , Shen Sai’e , Yang Liqiao , Sun Yuan , Shi Xueyin 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Background: Epicardial radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation under total video-assisted thoracoscopy causes severe cardiopulmonary disturbances and affects cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the changes in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) during the surgery and their correlations with hemodynamic or blood gas parameters.
Methods: A total of 45 patients scheduled for selective totally thoracoscopic ablation for stand-alone atrial fibrillation were enrolled in this study. The rSO2 was monitored at baseline (T0), 15 min after anesthesia induction (T1), 15 min after one-lung ventilation (T2), after right pulmonary vein ablation (T3), after left pulmonary vein ablation (T4) and 15 min after two-lung ventilation (T5) using a near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)-based cerebral oximeter. A Swan-Ganz catheter was placed in the pulmonary artery to obtain hemodynamic parameters. Arterial blood gas was analyzed using an ABL 825 hemoximeter. Associations between changes in rSO2 (△rSO2) and hemodynamic or blood gas parameters were determined with univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses.
Results: The rSO2 decreased greatly from baseline 65.3% to 57.5% at T3 (P < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that △rSO2 correlated significantly with △pH (r = -0.371, P = 0.012), △PaCO2 (r = -0.276, P = 0.066), △PaO2/FiO2 (r = 0.332, P = 0.026), △HR (r = 0.27, P = 0.073), △CI (r = -0.228, P = 0.132) and △PVRI/SVRI (r = -0.216, P = 0.153). Multivariate linear regression analysis further showed that △rSO2 was only influenced by △PaO2/FiO2 (β = 0.026, P = 0.025).
Conclusion: The rSO2 decreased significantly during the totally thoracoscopic ablation for atrial fibrillation. There was a correlation between rSO2 reduction and PaO2/FiO2 changes. Greater attention should be paid to cerebral oxygen desaturation during the surgery.
The clinical features of posterior scleritis with serous retinal detachment: A retrospective clinical analysis
Authors: Dong Zhizhang , Gan Yifeng , Zhang Yinan , Zhang Yu , Li Juan , Zheng Haihua 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Objective: To summarize the clinical features, systemic associations, risk factors and choroidal thickness(CT) changing in posterior scleritis (PS) with serous retinal detachment.
Methods: This retrospective study included 23 patients with PS with retinal detachment from August 2012 to July 2017. All patients were documented with the Medical history and clinical features were recorded. The examinations included best corrected visual acuity (BACV), intraocular pressure（IOP）, fundus examination, routine eye examinations. Posterior coats thickness (PCT) was determined by B scan Ultrasound, the CT was measured by enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). And clinical data were compiled and analyzed.
Results: After application of extensive exclusion criteria, 23 patients with PS remained (13 females, 10 males). The average age at presentation was 29.5 ± 9.24 years old. Ocular pain and blurred vision were the two most common symptoms complained by patients. Anterior scleritis occurred in 12 patients, which was confirmed by Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM) examination. Despite all patients displaying serous retinal detachment in their macula, no fluorescein leakage was observed in the macular. Optic disc swelling was documented in 10 of the 23 eyes. From B-scan ultrasound examination, the PCT increased with fluid in Tenon’s capsule demonstrated as a typical T-sign. The average PCT was 2.51 ± 0.85 mm in the PS-affected eye and only 1.09 ± 0.29 mm in the unaffected eye; this difference reached statistical significance. The subfoveal CT increased to an average of 442.61 ± 55.61μm, which correlated with axis length and PCT, but not with IOP. The BCVA and IOP did not correlate with either CT or the PCT.
Conclusions: PS with serous retinal detachment presented with a variety of symptoms, such as pain and visual loss, and physical indicators. Typical T-sign detected by B-scan ultrasound was a useful confirmatory sign for PS diagnosis. Pathological increases in CT might be a potential predictive factor for inflammation.
A Comparison Between Scalp Nerve Block and Local Anesthetic Infiltration on the Inflammatory Response, Hemodynamic Response, and Postoperative Pain in Patients undergoing Craniotomy for Cerebral Aneurysms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Yang Xi , Ma Jing , Chen Lei , Dong Rui , Li Ke , Lu Yayuan , Zhang MD Zongze , Peng MD Mian 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
BACKGROUND:
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the scalp nerve block (SNB) and local anesthetic infiltration (LA) with ropivacaine 0.75% on postoperative inflammatory response, intraoperative hemodynamic response, and postoperative pain control in patients undergoing craniotomy.
METHODS:
Fifty seven patients admitted for elective craniotomy for surgical clipping of an cerebral aneurysm. They were randomly divided into three groups: Group S (SNB with 15mL of ropivacaine 0.75%), group I (LA with 15mL of ropivacaine 0.75%) and group C (only received routine intravenous analgesia). The pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in plasma during postoperative 72 hrs, the hemodynamic response to the skin incision, as well as postoperative pain intensity were measured.
RESULTS:
The SNB with 0.75% ropivacaine not only decreased IL-6 level in plasma at 6 hrs after craniotomy, but also decreased plasma CRP level and increased plasma IL-10 level at 12 and 24 hrs after surgery, as compared to LA and routine analgesia. There were significant increases in mean arterial pressure at 2, and 5 mins after the incision and during dura opening in group I and C compared with group S. Group S had a lower postoperative pain intensity, longer duration of time before the first dose of oxycodone, less consumption of oxycodone and lower incidence of PONV during 48 hrs postoperatively than group I and C.
CONCLUSION:
Preoperative SNB attenuated inflammatory response to craniotomy for cerebral aneurysms, as well as blunted hemodynamic response to the scalp incision, and controlled postoperative pain better than LA or routine analgesia.
Molecular Modeling Studies of Halogenated Imidazoles against 14α- Demethylase from Candida Albicans for Treating Fungal Infections
Authors: Rani Nidhi , Kumar Praveen , Singh Randhir 
Published: November 2018

Background:Imidazole is one of the most explored and marketed azole utilized for the treatment of fungal infections. Lanosterol 14α-demethylase (Cytochrome P450DM) is the active target site for azole antifungals.Aim and Objective:This study emphasized on evaluation of a series of halogenated imidazole analogues using molecular docking studies for anti-Candidal activity. Furthermore, the model was refined by molecular dynamic simulation.Methods:Halogenated imidazole analogues (PS1-PS30) were obtained from literature for the study. The imidazole analogues were prepared using Chem sketch and molecular docking was performed using Molergo Virtual Docker program and ADMET study was carried out by using Accelry’s Accord for Excel programme.Results:The docking study indicated that all the imidazole analogues (PS1-PS30) and standard drugs i.e., Ketoconazole, Miconazole and Clotrimazole possessed interaction with protein residue, heme cofactor and water molecule positioned above Heme cofactor of 14α-demethylase. Further, the ADMET study indicated that most of the halogenated imidazoles possessed good absorption, human intestinal absorption, aqueous solubility and blood brain penetration.Conclusion:Halogenated imidazole analogues may be used as potential lead molecules as 14α- demethylase inhibitors.
Challenges and Opportunities of Genetically Modified Crops Production; Future Perspectives in Ethiopia, Review
Authors: Gebretsadik Kiros , Kiflu Ashenafi 
Published: November 2018

Introduction:Genetically modified (GM) crop species were proven to be a solution for the increasing food consumption in many countries. The cultivation of transgenic plants is increasing from time to time. In 2017 alone, 27 different genetically modified (GM) crop species were produced in 40 countries.Explanation:Biotechnology is revolutionizing science, promising to solve hunger, malnutrition and production demands of industrial raw materials from plants. However, there are biosafety concerns that GM crops may have unintended and hazardous impacts on living organisms well-being and environment both on target and non-target organisms. To tackle such potential problems many countries are implementing international as well as national biosafety regulations. America, Brazil, Belgium, China and India are among the top GM crop users in the world, whereas Egypt, Sudan, South Africa and Burkina Faso are leading GM crop producers in Africa. Ethiopia has also developed its own policy and biosafety regulations for biotechnology products.Conclusion:The Ethiopian government has given due attention to GM crops as a tool for the transformation of agricultural productivity and quality. Before a couple of years, Bt cotton (cotton containing toxic protein fromBacillus thuringiensis) has been introduced to Ethiopia and is expected to bring fundamental change in the production of fibers for the textile industries and also will have crucial consequence to the forthcoming use of the modern biotechnological Science in the country. The introduction of Bt cotton is a typical example worth mentioning here which shows a relative flexibility of the current Ethiopian biosafety regulation. This paper reviews the possible challenges and opportunities of using GM crops in Ethiopia.
Taking on Too Much, Too Soon? An Exploration of Experiential Learning of Novice Auditors in an Offshoring Setting
Authors: Popova Velina K. , Wright Nicole S. 
Published: November 2018

SUMMARY
Outsourcing and offshoring have become common practice among audit firms and have introduced dynamic changes to the experiences of novice auditors. Tasks once performed by novice auditors are now performed by firm members outside the core audit team, which in turn frees up novice auditors to perform different types of tasks. We utilize a 2 × 2 mixed design to manipulate the task type and the order in which tasks are performed to answer questions about knowledge acquisition among novice auditors. We examine accuracy on a confirmations task and sequential learning experienced by novice auditors. Our results show that the type of experience is important to novice auditors' performance as is the order in which these experiences occur. Based on our findings, we provide recommendations for improving novice auditors training and on the job experience in the changing environment of audits.
DIVERSITY OF BUTTERFLIES (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) IN THE GUNUNG RAYA WILDLIFE RESERVE, SUB DISTRICT WARKUK RANAU, SOUTH SUMATERA
Authors: Aprillia Ina , Yustian Indra , Setiawan Arum , Setiawan Doni 
Published: November 2018

This study aims to determine the diversity of butterflies at the Gunung Raya Wildlife Reserve, South Sumatra. The research was conducted in January-February 2018. The research sites were 4 different habitat types, namely primary forest, secondary forest, riparian area, and bush and plantation. Data collection uses direct observation and capture techniques along the transect line (linear transect counting) along 1000 m in each habitat type using insect nets. The results of the study obtained 55 butterfly species belonging to 5 families (there were 13 species of Papilionidae, 30 species of Nymphalidae, 7 species of Pieridae, 1 species of Riodinidae, and 4 species of Lycaenidae). The highest Shanon diversity index is in primary forest habitat (Manduriang) with H'= 3.5; followed by shrubs and plantations (Pasir Bintang) with H'= 3.45, and riparian areas (Talang Lebong) with H' = 3.23; while the lowest is secondary forest (Mesagih) with H'= 2.94. Distribution of species in all locations is relative (E> 0.9) and high species richness (R> 4). 2 butterfly species protected by Regulations of the Environtment and Forestry Ministers No 20 of 2018, namely Troides helena and Trogonoptera brookiana has been found in this study.
Estudio de egresados de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, cohortes 2014 y 2015, Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Valero-Ortiz Adriana Sofía , Castellanos-Vega Pilar , Pedraza- Páez Yuly Alexandra , Pedraza-Bernal Adriana María , Morales-Suárez Carol Mayerline , Sandoval-Cuéllar Carolina 
Published: November 2018

Introducción. Los estudios de graduados evalúan el ejercicio profesional y en ellos se describen características como el perfil, las competencias adquiridas, la situación laboral, la identidad con la institución de educación superior y la percepción frente a la formación docente, permitiendo establecer acciones de mejoramiento.
Objetivo. Describir las características sociodemográficas, la situación laboral, la satisfacción y la identidad percibida por los egresados de los programas de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud al momento del grado, en las cohortes 2014 y 2015.
Materiales y métodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo con diseño de cohorte única, muestreo estratificado y muestra de 120 graduados.
Resultados. La edad promedio de finalización de los estudios de secundaria fue de 16 años; la formación académica del padre y de la madre evidenció la finalización de la secundaria completa, y las madres eran quienes en mayor porcentaje habían culminado sus estudios universitarios. Después de culminar el bachillerato, el 43 % de los graduados ingresaron en menos de tres meses a la universidad. El 22 % trabaja en instituciones prestadoras de salud (IPS). El 39.2% expresó que volvería a adelantar estudios de pregrado en la institución atendiendo a la calidad de la formación ofrecida, seguida por la calidad de los
: Is there a correlation between the biceps brachii muscle stiffness measured by elastography and severity of lymphedema in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema?
Authors: ASLAN Hülya , ANALAN Pınar Doruk , KAYA Emine 
Published: November 2018

Aim: Breast-cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) causes
symptoms such as swelling, heaviness, tightness, firmness, pain, numbness, or
impaired mobility in the affected arm and hand. It also predisposes patients to
fibrosis, cellulitis, infections, lymphadenitis, and septicemia. Aim of this
study was to analyze correlation between the biceps brachii muscle
stiffness measured by shear wave elastography (SWE) and severity of the
lymphedema. Methods: This prospective study included 20 consecutive
patients (mean age, 54.6±5.4 years) with having BCRL in the upper limb. Stiffness
of the biceps brachii muscle was assessed by SWE. Shear wave speeds (SWS) of
the biceps muscle on the affected side for each patient were measured. Severity
of the lymphedema was determined by difference between diameters and
volumes of affected and unaffected extremities. Correlations between the
biceps brachii muscle stiffness measured by SWE and difference between diameters
and volumes of affected and unaffected extremities were analyzed.Results: SWS of the biceps muscle on the affected side
showed positive fair correlation with difference between diameters and volumes
of affected and unaffected extremities (0.70≥ r≥ 0.51).

Conclusion: Our
results suggest that the biceps muscle stiffness increases with increase in severity
of lymphedema. The biceps muscle stiffness measured by SWE could provide a
quantitative tool for following-up patients with BCRL.
Utility of Nestin immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of granular cell tumor
Authors: ERİNANÇ Hilal , GÖKTÜRK Hüseyin Savaş , KANAT ÜNLER Gülhan , KARAGÜLLE Erdal 
Published: November 2018

Aim: Granular cell tumors (GCTs) show neuroectodermal differentiation. Morphologically,
a wide variety of mesencymal tumors may have granular cell appearance. Nestin, which is an intermediate filament protein expressed in undifferentiated cells during
central nerves system development and its tumors. We aim to determine the diagnostic utility of Nestin in diagnosis of
GCTs. Methods: Nestin
immunohistochemistry applied to GCT cases and other mesenchymal tumors which
may have granular cytoplasm and the major differential diagnostic consideration
of GCT. A total of 21 GCT from different tissues (including 7 in the esophagus,
8 originating from skin tissues, 4 in the tongue, 2 in the vocal cord), 17 gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract,
8 leiomyoma (5 in the esophagus and 3 originating from skin tissues), 4
schwannoma (1 in the esophagus and 3 originating from skin tissues), subcutaneous mesenchymal tumors ( including 7 neurofibroma, 5 fibroma, 15
dermatofibroma), 20 melanocytic nevi, 15 gastric xanthomas and 15 xanthalesma
of the skin were included the study. Results: Nestin positivity was detected in all GCTs. Additionally,
strong Nestin positivity
was seen in all gastrointestinal stromal tumors,
schwannoma and neurofibroma cases. However, Nestin was
negative in all leiomyoma, fibroma, dermatofibroma, melanocytic nevi, gastric
xanthoma and xanthalesma cases.

Conclusion: The study showed that
Nestin immunohistochemistry has limitation in distinction of GCT from tumors
arising from neural cell lineage such as gastrointestinal stromal tumor, schwannoma and neurofibroma; however, Nestin
as a neural marker provides an evidence to neural origin of GCT and could be useful
in distinction GCT from other mesenchymal tumors with granular cytoplasm such
as leiomyoma, dermatofibroma and melanocytic nevi.
Effects of α-lipoic acid on oxidative stress parameters in experimental hyperthyroidism
Authors: BAKİ Adile Merve , AYDIN Abdurrahman Fatih , VURAL Pervin , SOLUK-TEKKEŞİN Merva , DOĞRU-ABBASOĞLU Semra , UYSAL Müjdat 
Published: November 2018

Aim: To investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA)
on prooxidant-antioxidant balance in liver tissue, as well as liver function
tests in experimental hyperthyroidism.Materials and Methods: For the evaluation of
prooxidant-antioxidant balance, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde
(MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP),
glutathione (GSH) levels, and superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione
peroxidase activities were determined. Histopathological examinations were also
performed. Hyperthyroidism was induced by the administration of L-thyroxine
[T4, 12 mg/L] in drinking water for 10
weeks. The ALA [100 mg/kg/day; 0.2% (w/w) in diet] was administered in last 5
weeks of experimental period. Results: Oxidative stress in liver tissue from
hyperthyroid rats was accentuated. Significant increases in hepatic ROS, MDA,
and PC levels were found. Additionally, increased FRAP and decreased GSH levels
were observed. ALA treatment lowered the
elevated serum free T3 and T4 levels and significantly decreased hepatic ROS,
MDA and PC levels. Serum liver function tests in hiperthyroid rats before and
after ALA treatment were not changed.

Conclusion: Our results indicate that ALA
treatment was effective in the improvement of changes in prooxidant-antioxidant
balance, and may be useful as supportive
agent for the treatment of hypertyroidism.
The Accordance Hebrew Syntactic Database Project
Authors: Holmstedt Robert D. , Cook John A. 
Published: November 2018

The Accordance Hebrew Syntax database is the result of a decade of collaborative planning and research. The origin of the project lies in a research grant proposal written by Robert Holmstedt (University of Toronto) in 2007. At that time, two other databases had become accessible to the public: 1) the WIVU Emdros database of the Werkgroep Informatica of the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, now administered by the Eep Talstra Centre for Bible and Computer (see footnote 1) and presented as the ETCBC database (see footnote 2), and 2) the Andersen-Forbes Analyzed Text of the Hebrew Bible (see footnote 3). The initial motivation for proposing a third database was straightforwardâ€”to be able to use a database created upon a model of Hebrew syntax that differed from the two existing databases.[1]Â Â Â Yet another syntactic database has been underway since 2009: the Westminster Hebrew Syntax database (http://www.doxologypress.org/sites/groves/B/?page_id=19; accessed June 12, 2017).
The Battle Against Hazor and Jaelâ€™s Deadly Hospitality (Judges 4â€“5)
Authors: Le Roux Magdel 
Published: November 2018

Â The story of the fourth judge (Judges 4â€“5) is full of surprises, just like the previous stories (Judges 1â€“3). In the dominant body ideology related to good order, an Israelite man without any blemish was the epitome of a pure, ideal, or whole body. Contrary to the â€œexpected literary depictionâ€, it is again the â€œunwhole, different-functioning bodiesâ€ which are depicted as â€œproducing survival for the corporate bodyâ€ (Van der Merwe and Coetzee 2009). Deborah, an Israelite lawgiver and prophetess, and Jael, a Kenite woman, are used in an unexpected way. The juxtaposition of different-functioning bodies serves as a counterculture rhetoric in the form of a hidden polemic. Much attention has been paid to the roles of Deborah and Barak in the battle against Hazor, but Jaelâ€™s role has elicited limited reflection by scholars and has been overshadowed by her â€œquestionableâ€ hospitality. A socio-rhetorical approach will make it possible to identify rhetorical techniques that the writer uses to highlight social relations, regulations and ideologies in the text (Van der Merwe and Coetzee 2009, 678). Archaeological excavations at Hazor from the last 25 years provide valuable background information to this battle.
Youth Theory in South Africa: An Indigenous African Perspective Derived from Sepedi Idioms and Proverbs
Authors: Mapadimeng Mokong 
Published: November 2018

While there is general underdevelopment of social theory within African scholarship, where the latter tends to rely heavily on borrowing from other scholarships, and in some instances adapt theories developed from elsewhere in a creative manner, notably from Northern scholarly discoursesâ€”this does not however, suggest the absence of theory within indigenous African knowledge systems. This article demonstrates, in a constructivist tradition pioneered by African scholars such as Akiwowo and Mafeje that there are rich theoretical and conceptual insights within the indigenous African folklore such as proverbs, poetry, and legends. It is observed that there is elaborate youth theory within South African indigenous communitiesâ€™ cultural heritage and folkloreâ€”especially proverbs and idioms. The article discusses such proverbs and idioms in a manner that deciphers their rich theoretical content and insights on young persons as an important social category of African communities, using idioms and proverbs of the Bapedi people of South Africa as examples.Â Â