bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochemical Studies of (5-P-chlorophenyl -2-benzo 5, 6-coumarin-3-yelthylidene aminothiazole) as Antitumor Agent
Authors: Mohamed Faten Z. , Elghreeb Mohamed S. , Abdelhamid Moustafa S. , Elbaz Hazem A. 
Published: July 2019

Heterocyclic compounds have a large spectrum of biological activities including antitumor activity. The present study describes the cytotoxic effect of newly synthesized thiazole derivative (TD2) that can prove effective antitumor activity on both in vivo and in vitro studies.
Objective: the essential objective of this research is to prove the cytotoxic effect of newly synthesized thiazole derivative (TD2) up on EAC bearing mice and many kinds of human cell lines.
Materials and Methods: Antitumor activity of TD2 was examined on EAC in Swiss albino Mice at dose of 2.5 mg/kg. TD2 was injected for 10 following days after transplantation of tumor. After one day of last dose and 18 hours of fasting, 7 Mice were sacrificed and the remaining was kept to evaluate ILS %.
Antitumor activity of TD2 was assessed by inspecting tumor volume, tumor weight, viable cell count and nonviable cell count, hematological, biochemical and antioxidant parameters of mice.
Results: TD2 demonstrated an inhibitory effect on both cancer cell lines in vitro and Ehrlich ascites cells in vivo.TD2 increased in life span of Ehrlich–bearing mice compared to control. Cell cycle and flow cytometric analysis revealed that TD2 directed Ehrlich cells toward apoptosis by increasing of P53 expression.
Conclusion: It was concluded that TD2 have a potent antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice beside a cytotoxic effect on MCF-7, PC3, HepG2 and HCT-116.
Comparative Study on Quality Characteristics and Variations in Fatty Acid Composition of Different Varieties of Rapeseed and Mustard (Brassica spp.)
Authors: Hossain Md. Delwar , Ahmed Kamal Uddin , Chowdhury Mst. Farhana Nazneen , Barman Alak , Ahmed Arif , Sourov Md. Ziaul Hasan , Islam Shahidul 
Published: July 2019

With a view to studying the qualitative features and the variations in fatty acid composition of 6 rapeseed (B. campestris and B. napus) and mustard (B. juncea) varieties, an experiment was conducted. Among these varieties, BARI Sarisha-14 presented the value of 168.4 which was recorded the highest. Both BARI Sarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha-14 was found with the highest iodine value of 39.44; and the highest amount of acid value was recorded from BARI Sarisha-11 (1.867). Gas-liquid chromatographic (GLC) method has been used to determine the composition of essential fatty acid in the seeds of Brassica spp. (L.). From the GLC analysis, it was found that erucic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and lenolenic acid were the prime fatty acids in all the varieties. Erucic acid was in the range of 41.11 – 51.28%, oleic acid was the highest both in BARI Sarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha- 13 contained (18.69%), while BARI Sarisha-9 contained the highest amount of the unsaturated linoleic (17.75%) and linolenic (15.83%) acids. Moreover, palmitic acid, stearic acid and archidic acid were also present in small amount.
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis of Some Oil Plants Found in Bihar, India: A Comparative Study
Authors: Kanth Manish Kumar , Jee Chandrawati , Kumar Anit , Kashyap Abhijeet , Kumari Rupam , Kumar Nivesh 
Published: July 2019

Today’s developmental world needs large amount of energy. Due to the limited fossil fuel source, there is need of some alternate fuel sources among which biodiesel from vegetable oil widely practiced. There is an increasing interest in India to search for suitable low cost alternative fuels that are Eco friendly. Biodiesel is a renewable, biodegradable and non toxic fuel. In this paper an attempt has been made to study and compare the oil percentage and Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) components of three non edible oil seed plants abundantly found in Bihar, India.
Oil from the seed kernel was extracted by solvent extraction technique through Soxhlet apparatus using n-hexane as solvent. Percentage oil content for Jetropha, Mahua and Castor are found around 76 %, 41% and 33% respectively. Further extracted oil were analysed by GC-MS for their FAME components. Palmitic, linoleic, oleic are most common fatty acid found among three.
Comparative Effect of Aspirin, Meloxicam and Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract on Serum Levels of Some Inflammatory Markers in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ben Ezekiel E. , Asuquo Asuquo E. , Owu Daniel U. 
Published: July 2019

Background: The association between diabetes mellitus and inflammation is established but the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not without some health risk.
Aim: The study was aimed at comparing the levels of some inflammatory biomarkers in diabetic rats treated with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and exogenous insulin.
Materials and Methods: Thirty six (36) Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups of 6 animals each. Group 1 and 2 served as normal and diabetic controls and received orally 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water. Group 3 was diabetic treated orally with 130mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. And groups 4, 5 and 6 were administered orally with aspirin (30mg/kg), meloxicam (2mg/kg) and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin subcutaneously. Diabetes was induced with intraperitoneal injection of 150mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution and diabetes confirmed after 72 hours with blood glucose levels ≥200mg/dl. The experiment lasted for 14 days and blood was collected by cardiac puncture for serum analysis of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and Fibrinogen by ELISA method.
Results: The results showed significant (P<0.05) increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and blood fibrinogen in diabetic group compared to control. These inflammatory biomarker were significantly (P<0.05) reduced by the extract, aspirin, meloxicam and insulin.
Conclusion: The reduced levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and fibrinogen by aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa was significant compared to aspirin and meloxicam. This may present the extract as a potent anti-inflammatory agent and could complement the function of insulin in diabetes treatment.
Extract of Icacina trichanta Improves lipid Profile and CCl4- Induced Histological Changes in Wistar Rats
Authors: Abu O. D. , Aleogho B. M. , Omoregie F. O. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Icacina trichanta on lipid profile and CCl4- induced histological changes in Wistar rats.
Study Design: Liver damage was induced with CCl4 and the rats were treated with aqueous extract of Icacina trichanta.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was undertaken at the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, between January to March 2014.
Methodology: Phytochemical screening, lipid profile analysis and histopathological studies were carried out. Thirty-five male rats were divided into seven groups of five rats each. Groups I (normal control) and III rats were not induced. Groups II (negative control), IV, V, VI and VII were induced with 1.0 ml CCl4/kg body weight. Group II rats were not administered the extract, while those in group IV received 100 mg/kg bw of silymarin. Varied concentrations of the extract ranging from 200 to 400 mg/kg bw was administered to the test rats.
Results: Phytochemical analyses revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and polyphenols. The concentration of triacylglycerol (TG) in the CCl4 control was significantly increased when compared with the normal control group (p<0.05). Concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the CCl4 control were significantly reduced relative to the normal control and the test rats (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the groups (p > 0.05). Results of histopathological examinations showed an ameliorative effect of aqueous leaf extract of Icacina trichanta on hepatorenal toxicity.
Conclusion: Aqueous extract of I. trichanta leaf improves lipid profile and CCl4-induced histological changes in Wistar rats.
Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Eriosema psoraleoides on Antihyperglycemic and Hypolipidemic Potentials in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: O. Nduka, Florence , N. Ogugua, Victor , O. Nwigwe, Juliet , B. Nwaso, Chika , B. Abdulrasheed, Momoh 
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study was targeted at valuing a claim by traditional herbal practitioners that the leaf of Eriosema psoraleoides possesses a hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic property by assessing the effect of aqueous leaf extract of Eriosema psoraleoides on antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic potentials in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Methodology: Thirty male albino rats weighing 180-220 g were divided into 5 experimental groups of six rats each; control, diabetic untreated, diabetic treated with glibenclamide and diabetic treated with Eriosema psoraleoides. Diabetes was induced by 130 mg/kg body weight (b.wt) of alloxan monohydrates. The control and diabetic groups received normal saline while the diabetic treated groups were administered with 0.3 mg/kg body weight glibenclamide, and 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Eriosema psoraleoides respectively. The experiment period was 7 days, with the determination of their glucose level and body weight every two days. At the end of the experimental period, the animal’s blood samples were taken from the animals for the determination of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Statistical comparisons were performed by one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures and one-way analysis of variance followed by Duncan’s multiple range tests.
Results: The results of the study show a significant reduction in blood glucose. The result also showed that in diabetic rats, body weight was decreased but the application of the extract increased (P<0.05, n=6). Similarly, the result showed a significant decrease in total cholesterol, TG and LDL level of the diabetic group when compared with the control, glibenclamide and extract treated diabetic groups (with the highest performance at 400 mg/kg). Also, Eriosema psoraleoides aqueous leaf extract treated diabetic rat’s shows a significant increase in HDL levels compared to the diabetic control.
Conclusion: The study indicates that Eriosema psoraleoides possess hypolipidemic and antihyperglycemic potentials.
Assessment of Bread in Ogbomoso Metropolis for the Presence of Potassium Bromate
Authors: Airaodion Augustine I. , Awosanya Olaide O. , Ogbuagu Emmanuel O. , Ogbuagu Uloaku , Njoku Onyinyechi C. , Esonu Chimdi , Airaodion Edith O. 
Published: July 2019

Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating the level of potassium bromate in bread in Ogbomoso metropolis.
Study Design: This study was made to fit a one way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Place and duration of Study: The bread samples were purchased in Ogbomoso metropolis and analyzed in Ibadan, both in Oyo State, Nigeria between July and December, 2018.
Methodology: Twenty five loaves of different brands of bread were purchased in Ogbomoso metropolis and transported to Ibadan for analysis. They were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively for the presence of potassium bromate. The qualitative test was performed directly on a portion of each bread sample using 2 ml of 0.01 M promethazine and 0.6 ml of 12 M hydrochloric acid. The change in colour of each bread sample to purple indicates the presence of potassium bromate. Quantitative determination was done using spectrophotometric method that is based on the redox reaction between bromate and promethazine hydrochloride in an acidic medium. The absorbance of the product was read at 620 nm.
Results: Only one out of the 25 bread samples analyzed in this study representing 4.00 % contain potassium bromate under the permissible level. One of the bread samples contains 10.12 µg/g of potassium bromate which is more than 500 times higher than the permissible level. The quantity of KBrO3 in each bread sample correlates with the degree of purple colour obtained in the qualitative test.
Conclusion: Since 96.00% of the sampled bread contained potassium bromate in concentrations above safe level for human consumption, bread consumers and bakers are at risk of exposure to potassium bromate with health implications. The need for continuous surveillance and enforcement of the ban on use of potassium bromate in baking industry in Nigeria is recommended.
Biochemical Study of Gender Effect on Thyroid Cancer in the Egyptian Population
Authors: Zahran Faten , Hamed Sahar , Yosry Mohamed , Gareeb Mohamed El 
Published: July 2019

Background and Objective: Thyroid is one of the largest glands; its hormones affect almost every cell in the body, the incidence of thyroid cancer has raised in recent years, About 52,070 new cases of thyroid cancer in the United States in 2018 only. This study was undertaken to determine if gender was associated with susceptibility of thyroid cancer.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 174 cases divided into 108 thyroid patients and 66 healthy as controls. The mean age of cases was (40.58±1.46) they include 48 female and 18 males. All participants were subjected to an estimation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), in addition to malondialdehyde (MDA).
Results: For TSH results that was an obvious effect of gender on TC, while for FT4 there was an effect of gender on thyroiditis and TC, for TAC there was a biting effect on thyroiditis and TC, for MDA there was an effect also on thyroiditis and TC, for tissue TAC (TTAC) that was a clear effect of gender on both thyroiditis and TC, and for TMDA there was a little effect.
Conclusion: Gender of TC patients effects on biochemical investigations of the thyroid.
Effect of Oral Intake of African Locust Bean on Fasting Blood Sugar and Lipid Profile of Albino Rats
Authors: Airaodion Augustine I. , Airaodion Edith O. , Ogbuagu Emmanuel O. , Ogbuagu Uloaku , Osemwowa Etinosa U. 
Published: July 2019

Background: African locust bean is a condiment believed to be for the people of low class. Its health importance has not been fully known especially to the so-called high class.
Aim: This study is aimed at investigating the effect of African locust bean on fasting blood sugar and lipid profile of albino rats.
Methods: African locust bean (ALB) was purchased from a local market at Orita-Challenge area of Ibadan, Nigeria. They were sun dried and milled into powder using an electronic blender. The powder was extracted with n-hexane (40–60°C) in a soxlet extractor for 18 hours. The defatted, dried marc was repacked and then extracted with methanol. The dried marc was extracted with methanol in the soxlet apparatus for 10 hours. The methanol solution was subsequently concentrated in a rotatory evaporator at 40°C. Ten adult male albino rats with body weight between 100 and 120 g were purchased from the Animal Holding Unit of the Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. They were allowed 7 days acclimatization period and were divided randomly into 2 groups of five rats each. Animals in group 1 were administered normal saline solution while those in group 2 were administered extract of African locust bean. The animals were exposed to the African Locust Bean and saline solution at a dose of 3 ml per 100 g body weight 12 hourly via oral route of administration. After fourteen days of administration, the animals were fasted overnight and anaesthetized using diethyl ether. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture.
Results: ALB was observed to significantly lower fasting blood sugar, total cholesterol and triglyceride but increased HDL-cholesterol significantly when compared to those of the control group at p<0.05. LDL-cholesterol was not significantly different when animals treated with ALB were compared with those of the control group.
Conclusion: Increased blood sugar and hyperlipidemia has been implicated in diabetes. Cholesterolgenesis is a major onset of atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, ALB can serve as prophylaxis and remedies for several diseases caused by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia such as diabetes and coronary heart disease.
Antifungal Action of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) on Some Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Agi V. N. , Azike C. A. 
Published: July 2019

Background: The antifungal activities of fresh garlic (Allium sativum) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) on the growth of three known pathogenic fungi were investigated. The test organisms were Aspergillus spp Penicillium spp and Candida albicans.
Methodology: Two different concentrations of extracts were used. Concentration I which had crude extract of 100 g/ 100 ml of sterile distilled water and concentration II with extract of 100 g/50 m1 of distilled water. Ten mls of each extract was added to each 125 m1 of SAB (saboraud dextrose agar) media before and after sterilization.
Results: The extracts added to the media after its sterilization inhibited the growth of the pathogenic fungi samples more than the extracts added to the media before sterilization. This indicates that the active ingredients present in the extracts which have the antifungal effect observed is negatively affected and inactivated at 121ºC for 15 minutes. It can be inferred that garlic and ginger have different levels of therapeutic values on fungi.
Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Acetone Extract of Brassica juncea L. Leaf
Authors: Khandayataray Pratima , Murthy Meesala Krishna 
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the phytochemical screening; antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity of acetone extract of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern leaf.
Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening was conducted by following standard protocols. To assess the antioxidant properties, Nitric oxide (NO) assay, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'- Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS), Protease inhibitor assay, anti-inflammatory and reducing power (%) activities were performed by using the standard methodology.
Results: Qualitative investigation showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids, proteins, saponins and tannins respectively. Quantitative analysis showed protein content was more followed by phenolic content, glucose concentration, total antioxidant activity and flavonoid content respectively. The inhibitory concentration (IC50) and EC50 values along with standards were estimated by using NO, DPPH and ABTS respectively. Protease inhibitor (%) and reducing power (%) activities were increased dose dependent manner, at higher dose 1000µg/mL the Protease inhibitor (%) and reducing power (%) activities 537.95 ± 26.58 (%) and 41.28 ± 7.28 were observed respectively.
Conclusion: Based on our results, we concluded that acetone extracts of B.juncea leaf showed potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
Examination of Conditions for Optimized Decellularized Liver Preparation
Authors: Cho Jaeyong , Fukuda Yukako , Shirakigawa Nana , Ijima Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2019

Aims: The main aim of our study was to examine the concentration of surfactant that can cause significant disruption of the resulting decellularized liver structure. Furthermore, it is our goal to determine the suitable solvent that can boost the potential of each surfactant.
Methodology: The porcine liver discs of 8-mm diameter and 2-mm thickness were prepared. These were soaked in aqueous solution of either sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or Triton X-100 (TX), and placed on a rotational shaking machine (100 rpm).
Results: TX was unable to completely remove the cellular components under any of our experimental conditions. The salt concentration did not affect the decellularization in TX. The pH buffer, however, was found to affect the decellularization. Also, in the solvent study, the conditions under which SDS effectively exerted power were not the salt concentration and pH, but the condition that was close to water. We also confirmed that the shrinkage of tissue occurred when decellularization with 0.1% SDS in CMF-PBS. However, 0.1% SDS in distilled water didn't cause the deformation of tissue. This is considered to be due to the low salt concentration of solvent.
Conclusion: This work establishes the concentration range of the surfactant that causes the collapse of the cellular structure during decellularization. In addition, the solvent suitable for each surfactant has also been established.
Parametric Investigation and Optimization of the Newly Developed Pant Loading Ramp Machine
Authors: Pandey Kumkum , Vinay Deepa 
Published: July 2019

Objective of the current study was to optimize newly developed pant loading ramp to perform manual handling task. Pant loading ramp was 19 feet in length, having width of 2 feet, anti-slippery, easy to move due to provision of rotating wheels, adjustable at varying heights of the loading vehicle (between 2.5-5 feet) and reduces the loading time up to 30 minutes. For this purpose experiments were conducted on a group of 20 experienced manual handlers in rice mills of Udham Singh Nagar district, Uttarakhand, India. The reliability and validity of the developed, loading ramp was assessed by using response surface methodology in terms of change in energy expenditure (EE), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), total cardiac cost of work (TCCW) and grip strength (GS). Therefore Response Surface Methodology (statistical tools to determine the significance of a factor over a response or collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building) was applied to optimize the operating parameters of ramp such as load weight, height of ramp and time. As per Box Behenken design total 17 experiments were carried out each of which varied over three levels as load weight (40, 50 and 60 kg.), height of ramp (3, 4 and 5 feet), and time (3, 4 and 5 min.). ANOVA and coefficient of determination (R2) test were applied. In result it was observed that use of pant loading ramp was able to reduce Energy Expenditure (EE) of respondents’ from 14.55 kJ/min. to 11.41 kJ/min., Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) from 85.45 to 20%, Total Cardiac Cost of Work (TCCW) from 996.3 to 564.36 beats and Grip Strength (GS) from 47.45 to 3.30% with overall desirability of 0.84%. In comparison with traditional method it was also found to reduce Average Working heart Rate (AWHR) (14.55-11.41), Peak Energy Expenditure (PEE) (16-12), Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE) (85.45-20), Grip Strength (GS) (47.45-3.30) and Total Cardiac Cost of Work (TCCW) (996.3-564.35). Relative advantages showed that more than 95% users were highly satisfied and found it advantageous.