bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Effect of Conformational and Electronic Disorder in the Charge Transport Processes of Semiconducting Polymers
Authors: Chew Annabel R. , Ghosh Raja , Pakhnyuk Viktoria , Onorato Jonathan , Davidson Emily C. , Segalman Rachel A. , Luscombe Christine K. , Spano Frank C. , Salleo Alberto 
Published: August 2018

AbstractCharge transport in semiconducting polymers is inextricably linked to their microstructure, making the characterization of polymer morphology at all length‐scales essential for understanding the factors that limit mobility in these materials. Indeed, charge transport depends both on the ability of polarons to delocalize at the approximately nanometer length‐scale and navigate a complex energetic and morphological mesoscale landscape. While characterization of the mesoscale morphology of polymers is well‐established, studies of the local chain packing and nanoscale disorder, which affect delocalization, can be significantly more difficult to carry out. Through infrared charge modulation spectroscopy and theoretical modeling, the effect of the local chain environment on polaron delocalization is directly measured and quantified. Using a series of polymers based on the model system, poly(3‐hexylthiophene), the link between disorder and polaron localization is systematically explored. Polaron delocalization is correlated with known trends in mobility, revealing that while charge delocalization is always beneficial, the formation of tie‐chains is necessary to reach the highest mobilities in semicrystalline polymers. The results provide direct evidence for the importance of both nanoscale (charge carrier delocalization) and mesoscale (tie‐chains) orders, demonstrating the need to distinguish the key length‐scale limiting charge transport in the design of new, high mobility polymers.
Effect of enhanced γ‐irradiation on the compatibility of polyethylene terephthalate‐based basalt fiber‐reinforced composites
Authors: Yin Yuan , Deng Pengyang , Zhang WanXi , Xing Yue 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe interface adhesion between a matrix and fibers is widely known as one of the most important factors affecting the properties of polymer‐based composites. To observe the compatibility of a polymeric matrix and inorganic fibers, polyethylene terephthalate (PET)‐based composites that have been reinforced with various contents of basalt fibers in the presence of a small amount of a polyfunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), were prepared by melt blending and treated via gamma irradiation at various doses. The chemical structure and morphology changes were investigated via gel extraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The mechanical properties and thermal resistance were also studied. The gel fraction results demonstrated that a cross‐linked substance was formed in the composites in the presence of both TMPTA and fibers following irradiation and the maximum gel fraction of PET matrix reached 16 wt%. In addition, the obvious improvement of interfacial adhesion was confirmed by the morphology changes in fracture surface, from which the disappearance of pull‐out holes and plastic deformations of polymeric matrix were observed. As a result of the compatibilization of PET matrix and basalt fibers, both the mechanical strength and the thermal resistance were enhanced, and the optimum amount of TMPTA was 1–3 wt%.
The effects of habitat filtering and non‐habitat processes on species spatial distribution vary across life stages
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhang Qiongdao , Sui Xinghua , Li Buhang , He Fangliang , Chu Chengjin 
Published: August 2018

Premise of the StudyHabitat filtering and non‐habitat processes are two major processes affecting spatial distributions of species. Because trees at different life stages perform differently, the life stage of tree species could play an important role in shaping the spatial distribution of species and community assembly. Here, we examined the possible changes of spatial distributions of species and evaluated the shifts in the relative importance of habitat filtering and non‐habitat processes across life stages in a 50‐ha subtropical forest plot in China.MethodsWe modeled species distribution with and without life stages using three point process models. The performance of these models, with and without considering life stages, was evaluated by comparing the species‐area curve and the degree of clustering. The relative effects of habitat filtering and non‐habitat processes across life stages were quantified using a spatial variance decomposition method.Key ResultsThe incorporation of life stage considerably improved the goodness‐of‐fit of these point process models at both the community and species levels. Non‐habitat processes explained about 90% of the total variation in spatial distribution, while habitat filtering explained about 10%. The relative importance of habitat filtering only increased slightly from sapling to adult stages.ConclusionsPoint process models performed better when life stages are included, indicating the importance of considering life stage when modeling spatial distributions for understanding community assembly. The finding that habitat acts weakly and non‐habitat processes act dominantly in determining spatial distributions of species suggests a strong dependence of spatial patterns on non‐habitat processes.
Lichtgetriebene enzymatische Decarboxylierung von Fettsäuren
Authors: Huijbers Mieke M. E. , Zhang Wuyuan , Tonin Fabio , Hollmann Frank 
Published: August 2018

AbstractEine photoenzymatische Decarboxylierung von Fettsäuren zu Alkanen wird als Alternative zu herkömmlichen Biodieselsynthesen vorgeschlagen. Mittels der kürzlich beschriebenen Photodecarboxylase aus Chlorella variabilis NC64A (CvFAP) zeigen wir die Synthese von Alkanen aus Fettsäuren und ihren Triglyzeriden. Unter Belichtung mit blauem Licht setzt CvFAP eine Reihe verschiedener Fettsäuren hochselektiv und nahezu quantitativ um. Bereits in dieser Konzeptstudie zeigt CvFAP vielversprechende Wechselzahlen um 8000.
Smart Transformation of a Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane Shell Controlled by Thiolate Silver(I) Nanocluster Core in Cluster@Clusters Dendrimers
Authors: Li Si , Wang Zhao‐Yang , Gao Guang‐Gang , Li Bing , Luo Peng , Kong Yu‐Jin , Liu Hong , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractUsing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) modified by a thiol group as a protected ligand, atom‐precise multi‐heteorocluster‐based dendrimers Ag12@POSS6 (1 a and 1 b) were assembled. Through the reactive −SH groups, six POSS shell ligands stabilize the central 12‐core silver(I) cluster by diverse Ag−S interactions. When such Ag12@POSS6 complex was stimulated by different solvents (acetone or tetrahydrofuran), the core Ag12 silver(I) cluster underwent reversible structural transformation between flattened cubo‐octahedral (in 1 a) and normal cubo‐octahedral (in 1 b); concomitantly shell POSS clusters rearranged from pseudo‐octahedral to quasi‐octahedral. Furthermore, the film matrix modified by 1 a or 1 b showed different hydrophobicity.
Advancing Early Childhood Development and Prevention Programs: A Pan‐Canadian Knowledge Transfer Initiative for Better Beginnings, Better Futures
Authors: Worton S. Kathleen , Nelson Geoffrey , Loomis Colleen , Mark Pancer S. , Hayward Karen , Peters Ray DeV. 
Published: August 2018

Better Beginnings, Better Futures is an evidence‐based early childhood initiative that promotes the healthy development of children and families in economically disadvantaged communities. The Better Beginnings model involves the development of community‐driven programs through resident involvement that are integrated with existing services, universally accessible to all children and families in a community, focused on prevention, and ecological in nature. In this paper, we describe a pan‐Canadian knowledge transfer strategy involving attendance at workshops designed to build the capacity of participants to develop Better Beginnings initiatives in their own communities, and the impacts of the workshops on participants. Process evaluation data were obtained from participants in each Canadian province and territory immediately following the workshops (k = 12, N = 271). In addition, a smaller sample (n = 54) completed a follow‐up telephone interview 3 months later. All components of the knowledge transfer strategy were well‐received and rated highly by participants. Workshop participants indicated increased knowledge of the Better Beginnings model and high levels of satisfaction with the workshop. In the follow‐up evaluation, participants indicated strong intentions to use the information they had learned about Better Beginnings to advance the well‐being of children and families in their community. We discuss the lessons learned from the knowledge transfer initiative and provide recommendations for advancing knowledge transfer of programs for children and families in context.
Optimizing the Thermoelectric Performance of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) through Molecular‐Weight Engineering
Authors: Qu Sanyin , Yao Qin , Yu Bingxue , Zeng Kaiyang , Shi Wei , Chen Yanling , Chen Lidong 
Published: August 2018

AbstractPoly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films with various molecular weights (MWs) were successfully prepared, and both their molecular structures and thermoelectric (TE) properties were investigated. It was found that the molecular weight of P3HT had an important effect on the carrier‐transport properties by affecting the molecular structure and, as a result, also had an effect on the TE performance. The electrical conductivity of the P3HT films first increased upon increasing the molecular weight and then decreased at high molecular weights, whereas the Seebeck coefficient remained at the same level. As a result, the P3HT‐M50k (MW≈50 000 g mol−1) film reached an electrical conductivity of (103.8±1.2) S cm, which is more than 20 times higher than the electrical conductivity of P3HT‐M10k (MW≈10 000 g mol−1) and almost 30 % higher than the electrical conductivity of P3HT‐M100k (MW≈100 000 g mol−1). Consequently, the maximum TE power factor of P3HT‐M50k at room temperature was as high as (22.6±0.6) μW mK−2, which is much higher than that of either P3HT‐M10k or P3HT‐M100k. Microstructure analysis combined with C‐AFM suggested that carrier transport between most of the ordered and amorphous regions was unconnected in films with low molecular weights, and this resulted in a high migration barrier and poor carrier mobility. Upon increasing the molecular weight, the long molecular chain provided enough connectivity for the charge to move through the ordered regions, which decreased the carrier barrier and increased carrier mobility. Therefore, both the conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were significantly improved. However, a too‐high molecular weight could cause more folding of the polymer chain, which would deteriorate the electrical‐transport properties. The experimental results not only reveal the intrinsic effect of molecular weight on the electric transporting properties of conducting polymers but also suggest that molecular‐weight engineering is an effective way to design and screen high‐performance polymer TE materials.
Bioelectrochemical synthesis of caproate through chain elongation as a complementary technology to anaerobic digestion
Authors: Reddy Motakatla Venkateswar , ElMekawy Ahmed , Pant Deepak 
Published: August 2018

AbstractChain elongation is one of the common anaerobic fermentation processes in which bacteria convert ethanol and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) into medium chain fatty acids (MCFA). These are single carboxylic acids having six to twelve carbon atoms, with several applications, such as biofuels. Caproate is a promising MCFA, and several technologies were proposed for the valorization of waste to obtain it. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are technologies that are capable of converting the chemical energy of organic/inorganic wastes into value‐added products, using in situ generated H2 or electricity as energy sources. To convert waste biomass into caproate, an electron donor in the form of hydrogen or ethanol should be supplemented within the anaerobic fermentation, which can be used as the electron donor in the cathodic compartment for the conversion of acetate into caproate. This review highlights recent anaerobic and bioelectrochemical processes for the production of caproate. The discussion will also cover the potential applications of this technology, together with obstacles to its use, compared with the conventional anaerobic digestion (AD) process, and considers whether it could be a standalone technology or a complementary one for AD. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Assessing long‐term maintenance of staff performance following behavior skills training in a home‐based setting
Authors: Aherne Christine M. , Beaulieu Lauren 
Published: August 2018

We used a multiple baseline across participant design to evaluate the effects of behavior skills training on teaching three behavior therapists to implement discrete trial teaching (DTT) and evaluate the long‐term maintenance of skills acquired through behavioral skills training. For participants whose skills did not maintain, the authors evaluated an independent self‐evaluation procedure on their performance. Following DTT implementation training, maintenance probes were assessed at 2‐, 4‐, 6‐, and 8‐week follow‐ups. The results demonstrated that one participant maintained 100% procedural integrity (PI) through all follow‐ups, one participant decreased below mastery criterion at the 2‐week follow‐up, and one participant dropped below mastery criterion at the 4‐week follow‐up. Those participants that demonstrated decreased accuracy of implementation of DTT programs and were taught to implement a self‐evaluation procedure. Following self‐evaluation, PI maintained for up to 7 weeks for one participant. Our results suggest that if PI does not maintain, self‐evaluation may be a supplementary intervention to increase and maintain PI of new employees.
Mand acquisition across different teaching methodologies
Authors: Russell Sarah M. , Reinecke Dana 
Published: August 2018

AbstractMany children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder lack functional independent communication. The current study used a combined multiple‐baseline and alternating‐treatments design to evaluate whether the presence or absence of a verbal prompt (asking a question) during teaching affected independent verbal manding. Two teaching procedures were used to teach specific responses (two per teaching condition) and evaluate if the acquired response, once trained, occurred independently (in the absence of stimuli or supplemental prompts). One student learned more rapidly under the mand training condition whereas the other learned at a similar rate under both conditions. The assessment methodology presented may be beneficial in future practice to determine if one teaching procedure is more effective than the other for a learner.
The impact of voluntary environmental disclosure on firm value: Does organizational visibility play a mediation role?
Authors: Hassan Omaima A.G. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe current study investigates whether organizational visibility, that is the extent to which analysts follow, and institutions hold, a firm's stock (Baker, Powell, & Weaver, , p. 47), may explain the mechanism through which corporate environmental disclosure (CED) affects firm value. It explores whether CED impacts organizational visibility, and if so, whether firm value increases in organizational visibility, after accounting for greenhouse gas emissions intensity (GHG) as well as several firm‐level and country‐level controls. It utilizes a sample of S&P Global 1200 companies from 2010 to 2015. Using structural equation modeling to address the complex interrelationships between the variables of interest and employing Full Information Maximum Likelihood regression method, the findings show that organizational visibility does not play a statistically significant mediation role on the relationship between CED and firm value. However, organizational visibility is significantly associated with both CED and firm value, which indicates that failing to control for organizational visibility when examining the relationship between CED and firm value could yield misleading results. The results also show that prior CED significantly reduces current GHG. Interestingly, analyst coverage is found to play a full mediation role on the relationship between institutional ownership and firm value as well as a partial mediation role on the relationship between prior GHG and firm value. Thus, this study suggests that corporate management lobby financial analysts and educate them about their firms' environmental disclosure and performance to improve their information set and increase firm visibility and value.
Stability and antioxidant activities of corn protein hydrolysates under simulated gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Ren Xiaofeng , Liang Qiufang , Zhang Xi , Hou Ting , Li Suyun , Ma Haile 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesBioactive peptides are expected to be ingested orally; it is important to study the effect of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion on the stability and antioxidant activity of these peptides.FindingsAfter simulated GI digestion, degree of hydrolysis of corn protein hydrolysates (CPH) significantly increased from 22.7% to 39.4% while 77.5% peptides were still retained. Compared to the undigested CPH, the final CPH digests exhibited excellent antioxidant activity, including 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐(2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl radical scavenging activity (12.9% increase), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (4.1% increase), and reducing power (50.9% increase), but lower inhibition rate of linoleic acid peroxidation (41.5% decrease). The free amino acids including Pro, Asp, and Glu maintained at a low proportion during the entire course of digestion. Two GI‐resistant antioxidant peptides (Tyr‐Pro‐Gln, 406.45 Da; Ala‐Tyr‐Leu, 365.43 Da) were purified with multistep chromatography and identified by UPLC‐ESI‐MS.ConclusionsThe CPH digests exhibited excellent antioxidant activity after simulated GI digestion. The results suggested that CPH obtained by alcalase digestion are potential functional foods or nutraceuticals due to their content of bioactive peptides.Significance and noveltySome peptides containing Pro, Asp, and Glu had a strong ability to resist digestion. Two novel antioxidant peptides have been purified and identified from the CPH digests.
A Tethered Tolane: Twisting the Excited State
Authors: Kozhemyakin Yury , Krämer Maximilian , Rominger Frank , Dreuw Andreas , Bunz Uwe H. F. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of a doubly bridged tolane is reported. The target is obtained in a five‐step synthesis, starting from commercially available 2‐amino‐meta‐xylene by a combination of a Sandmeyer reaction, radical bromination, and Stille‐type coupling, followed by double ring closing. The doubly tethered tolane is crystalline; the two phenyl rings are highly twisted with respect to each other both in solution and in the solid state. Optical spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations show that the doubly bridged tolane is twisted not only in the ground state, but also in the excited state, leading to emission from the twisted state in solution and in the solid state. Strong phosphorescence is observed at cryogenic temperatures.
Power‐aware pipelining with automatic concurrency control
Authors: Torquati Massimo , De Sensi Daniele , Mencagli Gabriele , Aldinucci Marco , Danelutto Marco 
Published: August 2018

SummaryContinuous streaming computations are usually composed of different modules, exchanging data through shared message queues. The selection of the algorithm used to access such queues (ie, the concurrency control) is a critical aspect both for performance and power consumption. In this paper, we describe the design of automatic concurrency control algorithm for implementing power‐efficient communications on shared‐memory multicores. The algorithm automatically switches between nonblocking and blocking concurrency protocols, getting the best from the two worlds, ie, obtaining the same throughput offered by the nonblocking implementation and the same power efficiency of the blocking concurrency protocol. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach using two micro‐benchmarks and two real streaming applications.
Implementing a hardware‐assisted memory management mechanism for ARM platforms using the B method
Authors: Chang Rui , Jiang Liehui , Xie Yaobin , He Hongqi , Chen Danmin , Ren Lu 
Published: August 2018

SummaryARM embedded devices are becoming increasingly ubiquitous, permeating many aspects of daily life. The security issues on ARM embedded devices are much more important in critical infrastructure. The trusted hardware technologies provide the trusted environments isolated from the untrusted part of the system. However, for some deficiency, the researchers focus on current hardware‐assisted isolated mechanisms. Depending on the implementation of the protection mechanism, the software‐based approaches are not efficient and the hardware‐based approaches are not flexible. Moreover, these defense mechanisms need formal specification that is inadequate in recent research. B method is a state‐based formal method, which provides a successive refinement mechanism. In this paper, we propose a hardware‐assisted memory isolation protection mechanism, provide specifications and refinements using the B method, and implement the memory management system on an ARM‐based platform. The evaluation results show that the proposed isolation protection mechanism is effective, and the automatic proof rate of machines is acceptable.
An efficient Manhattan‐distance‐constrained disjoint paths algorithm for incomplete mesh network
Authors: Zhao Hongzhi , Wang Yongchang , Xiong Ke , Song Lihua 
Published: August 2018

SummaryFinding link/node‐disjoint paths between a pair of nodes is capable of providing Quality of Service and reliable routing which is very critical for mesh‐connected Network‐on‐Chip. State‐of‐art works usually aim at random topologies and multiple constraints. Therefore, it is difficult to optimize their time complexity. In this paper, MDPPIM (Manhattan‐distance‐constrained Disjoint Path Pair Problem in Incomplete Mesh) problem is presented based on Network‐on‐Chip application scenarios. Then, PCDP (Path‐Counting Disjoint Path) algorithm is proposed to solve the MDPPIM problem with low time complexity. Compared with previous disjoint path algorithms, PCDP algorithm does not have to use Dijkstra's algorithm to find a shortest path. It is optimized according to the feature of incomplete mesh such as the regularity of mesh and Manhattan‐distance constraint. Therefore, it is with low time complexity. Numerical results demonstrate the proposed PCDP algorithm's effectiveness and low time complexity.
A genetic algorithm enhanced automatic data flow management solution for facilitating data intensive applications in the cloud
Authors: Li Siguang , Huang Zhengwen , Han Liangxiu , Jiang Changjun 
Published: August 2018

SummaryThe past few years have witnessed a rapid deployment of computing infrastructures in the cloud in support of data intensive applications. The effort of the existing works is mainly focused on data reusing mechanisms without considering data processing routes, which can significantly affect the computation costs when exchanging data among the computing node in the cloud. This paper presents a genetic algorithm enhanced Automatic Data Flow Management Solution (ADFMS) that facilitates automatic routing function and a self‐adjustable intermediate data management mechanism to achieve an efficient data processing structure of cloud computing. Experimental results show that ADFMS optimizes costs in managing intermediate data in the cloud.