bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Cross-Border Regulatory Cooperation in an Era of Digital Trade
Authors: AHMED USMAN 
Published: March 2019

AbstractTechnology is transforming global trade. The global trading system, however, has struggled to keep up with changes in technology. One of the major challenges for the trading system is that the issues raised by digitally enabled commerce are largely regulatory in nature. The issues that are at the forefront of digital trade increasingly relate to citizens’ most fundamental interactions, including speech, finance, energy, and transportation. This paper argues that resolving these international regulatory issues will require reforming the approach that has been taken to global trade negotiations. International discussions around the most challenging issues in the digital economy ought to move away from the ‘horse-trading’ nature of traditional trade negotiations and towards a strategy focused on regulatory cooperation. Failure to achieve regulatory cooperation could further fragment digital services based upon national borders. The Internet has the potential to positively impact the global economy precisely because it is global, decentralized, and bottom-up in nature. International policymaking through regulatory cooperation can maintain those principles, while protecting fundamental national concerns such as stability, privacy, and security.
Using Saha‐Boltzmann Plot to Diagnose Lightning Return Stroke Channel Temperature
Authors: Liu Guorong , Yuan Ping , An Tingting , Sun Duixiong , Cen Jianyong , Wang Xuejuan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBased on the high time‐resolved spectra of a cloud‐to‐ground lightning flash with seven return strokes captured by a high‐speed slitless spectrograph, this work was the first to use the Saha‐Boltzmann plot method for the determination of the lightning return stroke channel temperature. The channel temperatures of the seven return strokes ranged from 21370 to 26500 K. Compared with the traditional Boltzmann plot method, the Saha‐Boltzmann plot method can provide more reliable temperature estimation for lightning channel. Analysis of several strong return strokes along the channel showed that the temperature changed little and there was no obvious tendency with increasing height. In addition, it was found that the channel temperature in the late stage of a return stroke was only about 3000–4000 K lower than in the initial stage. This means the channel remains >20000 K during nearly the entire period of the return stroke. This sustained high temperature could be the main cause of lightning‐related disasters.
Timing and Pacing of Indonesian Throughflow Restriction and Its Connection to Late Pliocene Climate Shifts
Authors: Auer Gerald , De Vleeschouwer David , Smith Rebecca A. , Bogus Kara , Groeneveld Jeroen , Grunert Patrick , Castañeda Isla S. , Petrick Benjamin , Christensen Beth , Fulthorpe Craig , Gallagher Stephen J. , Henderiks Jorijntje 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Pliocene was characterized by a gradual shift of global climate toward cooler and drier conditions. This shift fundamentally reorganized Earth's climate from the Miocene state toward conditions similar to the present. During the Pliocene, the progressive restriction of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is suggested to have enhanced this shift toward stronger meridional thermal gradients. Reduced ITF, caused by the northward movement of Australia and uplift of Indonesia, impeded global thermohaline circulation, also contributing to late Pliocene Northern Hemisphere cooling via atmospheric and oceanographic teleconnections. Here we present an orbitally tuned high‐resolution sediment geochemistry, calcareous nannofossil, and X‐ray fluorescence record between 3.65 and 2.97 Ma from the northwest shelf of Australia within the Leeuwin Current. International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1463 provides a record of local surface water conditions and Australian climate in relation to changing ITF connectivity. Modern analogue‐based interpretations of nannofossil assemblages indicate that ITF configuration culminated ~3.54 Ma. A decrease in warm, oligotrophic taxa such as Umbilicosphaera sibogae, with a shift from Gephyrocapsa sp. to Reticulofenestra sp., and an increase of mesotrophic taxa (e.g., Umbilicosphaera jafari and Helicosphaera spp.) suggest that tropical Pacific ITF sources were replaced by cooler, fresher, northern Pacific waters. This initial tectonic reorganization enhanced the Indian Oceans sensitivity to orbitally forced cooling in the southern high latitudes culminating in the M2 glacial event (~3.3 Ma). After 3.3 Ma the restructured ITF established the boundary conditions for the inception of the Sahul‐Indian Ocean Bjerknes mechanism and increased the response to glacio‐eustatic variability.
The Penetration of Draped Magnetic Field Into the Martian Upper Ionosphere and Correlations With Upstream Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure
Authors: Fowler C. M. , Lee C. O. , Xu S. , Mitchell D. L. , Lillis R. , Weber T. , Halekas J. , Andersson L. , Espley J. , Ergun R. E. , Mazelle C. , Luhmann J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOpen and draped magnetic field topologies are important at Mars because they can provide ionospheric particles a path to escape to space. Four years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN data are analyzed in this study, demonstrating that the altitude at which the ionospheric density drops below 102 cm−3 is essentially coincident with the altitude down to which open and draped magnetic field lines are observed in the ionosphere. During times of enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure, a greater fraction of the magnetic topology was observed as open or draped (as opposed to closed) above densities of 102 cm−3. The altitudes at which the ionospheric density fell below 102 cm−3, and the magnetic field topology transitioned from closed to open or draped, also decreased during higher dynamic pressure conditions. Times of enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure thus appear to drive greater penetration of draped magnetic field into the ionosphere, enhancing the rate of reconnection between draped and crustal magnetic fields and producing more open field. Such observations may have implications for the long‐term evolution of the Martian ionosphere; the historic solar wind is thought to have been denser and faster than present‐day conditions, and “quiet time” conditions may have been equivalent to extreme dynamic pressure events today. Depending on past atmospheric conditions at Mars, draped topology may have routinely penetrated deep into the ionosphere, and quiet time rates of ionospheric escape to space may thus have been much greater for early Mars than today.
Systematic benchmarking of omics computational tools
Authors: Mangul Serghei , Martin Lana S. , Hill Brian L. , Lam Angela Ka-Mei , Distler Margaret G. , Zelikovsky Alex , Eskin Eleazar , Flint Jonathan 
Published: March 2019

AbstractComputational omics methods packaged as software have become essential to modern biological research. The increasing dependence of scientists on these powerful software tools creates a need for systematic assessment of these methods, known as benchmarking. Adopting a standardized benchmarking practice could help researchers who use omics data to better leverage recent technological innovations. Our review summarizes benchmarking practices from 25 recent studies and discusses the challenges, advantages, and limitations of benchmarking across various domains of biology. We also propose principles that can make computational biology benchmarking studies more sustainable and reproducible, ultimately increasing the transparency of biomedical data and results.
Synthesis, optical imaging, and absorption spectroscopy data for 179072 metal oxides
Authors: Stein Helge S. , Soedarmadji Edwin , Newhouse Paul F. , Dan Guevarra  , Gregoire John M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOptical absorption spectroscopy is an important materials characterization for applications such as solar energy generation. This data descriptor describes the to date (Dec 2018) largest publicly available curated materials science dataset for near infrared to near UV (UV-Vis) light absorbance, composition and processing properties of metal oxides. By supplying the complete synthesis and processing history of each of the 179072 samples from 99965 unique compositions we believe the dataset will enable the community to develop predictive models for materials, such as prediction of optical properties based on composition and processing, and ultimately serve as a benchmark dataset for continued integration of machine learning in materials science. The dataset is also a resource for identifying materials composition and synthesis to attain specific optical properties.
Accurate regional influenza epidemics tracking using Internet search data
Authors: Ning Shaoyang , Yang Shihao , Kou S. C. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAccurate, high-resolution tracking of influenza epidemics at the regional level helps public health agencies make informed and proactive decisions, especially in the face of outbreaks. Internet users’ online searches offer great potential for the regional tracking of influenza. However, due to the complex data structure and reduced quality of Internet data at the regional level, few established methods provide satisfactory performance. In this article, we propose a novel method named ARGO2 (2-step Augmented Regression with GOogle data) that efficiently combines publicly available Google search data at different resolutions (national and regional) with traditional influenza surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for accurate, real-time regional tracking of influenza. ARGO2 gives very competitive performance across all US regions compared with available Internet-data-based regional influenza tracking methods, and it has achieved 30% error reduction over the best alternative method that we numerically tested for the period of March 2009 to March 2018. ARGO2 is reliable and robust, with the flexibility to incorporate additional information from other sources and resolutions, making it a powerful tool for regional influenza tracking, and potentially for tracking other social, economic, or public health events at the regional or local level.
Biosurfactant Production by Lactic Acid Bacterium Pediococcus dextrinicus SHU1593 Grown on Different Carbon Sources: Strain Screening Followed by Product Characterization
Authors: Ghasemi Abouzar , Moosavi-Nasab Marzieh , Setoodeh Payam , Mesbahi Gholamreza , Yousefi Gholamhossein 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe present study focused on producing and characterizing a type of biosurfactant (BS) derived from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and its potential applications in pharmaceutical and food industries due to the preference of employing nonpathogenic organisms in bioprocesses. To this aim, several screening approaches were applied to identify an efficient BS-producing strain from a set of LAB, and Pediococcus dextrinicus SHU1593 was selected as the most operative one. The BS produced by P. dextrinicus was isolated and structurally characterized as a lipoprotein with an approximately equal ratio of lipids (~52% (w/w)) and proteins (47% (w/w)). It reduced the surface tension (ST) of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) from 72.80 ± 0.10 to 39.01 ± 0.32 mN/m. The results also indicated the potential of developing low-cost strategies aimed at the production of efficient LAB-derived BSs which are structurally and quantitatively similar to the ones obtained from conventional media. Finally, given the physical and functional characterization (i.e. critical micelle concentration (CMC), emulsification index (%E24), stability, as well as antimicrobial and anti-adhesive activities) of the BS produced in the present study, it can be introduced as a promising candidate to be employed in plenty of areas in pharmaceutical and food industries.
OHC-TRECK: A Novel System Using a Mouse Model for Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Associated with Outer Hair Cell Death in the Inner Ear
Authors: Matsuoka Kunie , Wada Kenta , Miyasaka Yuki , Yasuda Shumpei P. , Seki Yuta , Nishito Yasumasa , Yonekawa Hiromichi , Taya Choji , Shitara Hiroshi , Kikkawa Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2019

AbstractOuter hair cells (OHCs) are responsible for the amplification of sound, and the death of these cells leads to hearing loss. Although the mechanisms for sound amplification and OHC death have been well investigated, the effects on the cochlea after OHC death are poorly understood. To study the consequences of OHC death, we established an OHC knockout system using a novel mouse model, Prestin-hDTR, which uses the prestin promoter to express the human diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor gene (hDTR). Administration of DT to adult Prestin-hDTR mice results in the depletion of almost all OHCs without significant damage to other cochlear and vestibular cells, suggesting that this system is an effective tool for the analysis of how other cells in the cochlea and vestibula are affected after OHC death. To evaluate the changes in the cochlea after OHC death, we performed differential gene expression analysis between the untreated and DT-treated groups of wild-type and Prestin-hDTR mice. This analysis revealed that genes associated with inflammatory/immune responses were significantly upregulated. Moreover, we found that several genes linked to hearing loss were strongly downregulated by OHC death. Together, these results suggest that this OHC knockout system is a useful tool to identify biomarkers associated with OHC death.
Land Surface Temperature Response to Irrigated Paddy Field Expansion: a Case Study of Semi-arid Western Jilin Province, China
Authors: Liu Tingxiang , Yu Lingxue , Zhang Shuwen 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe irrigated paddy fields have expanded greatly at semi-arid western Jilin province of China in recent over ten years, the sources of which are rain-fed cornfields, swamp meadow and saline alkali land mainly. Based on regional land use data, remote sensing data and meteorological data, this paper evaluates the land surface temperature changes response to land surface biophysical processes changes resulting from land use change (LUC), and dissociates the effect of radiative change (albedo) and non-radiative change (evapotranspiration and turbulent process) quantitatively using the energy redistribution factor. The results show that, the total land surface temperature changes based on energy redistribution factor are consistent with that based on remote sensing data on the whole, which have significant and different seasonal variations for agriculture adjustment of rain-fed cornfields to irrigated paddy fields and nature land reclamation. Generally, the largest Land surface temperature changes (ΔTs) are most pronounced in May and June for agriculture adjustment of rain-fed cornfields to irrigated paddy fields, which is −1.85 K averagely. Notable decline of albedo from saline alkali land to irrigated paddy fields in April to June greatly counteracts the cooling effect of non-radiative processes changes, while the largest ΔTs is found of −2. 54 K in dry summer months of July and August. For swamp meadows to irrigated paddy fields, non-radiative process is strengthened from June to September, the cooling effect of which is −1.69 K averagely. This study provides a case reference of local temperature change and obvious changes of land surface non-radiative terms at semi-arid area for adjustment of agricultural activities and land use changes.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Combination of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) agonist and antiviral drug: a potential therapy against pathogenic influenza virus
Authors: Zhao Jiangnan , Zhu Meiying , Jiang Hao , Shen Simen , Su Xin , Shi Yi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe pandemic 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus is associated with significant mortality. Targeting S1PR1, which is known to modulate the immune response, provides protection against pathogenic influenza virus. The functional role and molecular mechanism of S1PR1 were analysed by generating inducible endothelial cell-specific S1PR1 knockout mice and assessing the therapeutic efficacy of the selective S1PR1 agonist CYM5442 against acute lung injury (ALI) induced by the 2009 influenza A H1N1 virus. Immune-mediated pulmonary injury is aggravated by the absence of endothelial S1PR1 and alleviated by treatment with CYM-5442, suggesting a protective function of S1PR1 signaling during H1N1 infection. S1PR1 signaling does not affect viral clearance in mice infected with influenza. Mechanistically, the MAPK and NF-kB signaling pathways are involved in the ALI mediated by S1PR1 in infected mice. Combined administration of the S1PR1 agonist CYM-5442 and the antiviral drug oseltamivir provides maximum protection from ALI. Our current study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of S1PR1 mediating the ALI induced by H1N1 infection and indicates that the combination of S1PR1 agonist with antiviral drug could potentially be used as a therapeutic remedy for future H1N1 virus pandemics.
Update on Preservice Training in Augmentative and Alternative Communication for Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Johnson Rachel K. , Prebor Jessica 
Published: March 2019

Purpose
This is a report of the data from a current survey of academic programs in the United States, which provide preservice training in augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for speech-language pathologists in the United States. A comparison of these findings to the last reported survey was made to identify changes and areas in need of further improvement following implementation of the recent changes to the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Certification Standards of Clinical Practice.

Method
A survey was distributed to 279 speech-language pathology graduate training programs in the United States identified from the Council on Academic Accreditation program list.

Results
A total of 79 survey responses were received for a 28.4% response rate. There was a statistically significant increase in the percentage of programs reported to provide at least 1 course with primary content in AAC compared to the last survey performed. The reported inclusion of AAC content in other courses has also increased, and several programs report multiple AAC courses are now offered for specialized training. The majority of the programs report that less than half of the students graduate with clinical hours in AAC. The number of training grants and doctoral training remains limited to a few programs.

Conclusion
Academic programs have increased the preservice training in AAC over the past decade. Data indicate a critical need for clinical experience and doctoral training to meet the growing demands of speech-language pathologists.
Initiierung klinischer Multicenter-Studien mit lokaler
Radiotracer-Herstellung
Authors: Zippel Claus , Neels Oliver C. , Hennrich Ute , Giesel Frederik L. , Kopka Klaus 
Published: March 2019

ZusammenfassungZiel des Aufsatzes ist es, wesentliche gesetzliche und regulatorische Aspekte zu
beleuchten, die bei multizentrischen klinischen Prüfungen mit kurzlebigen
PSMA-PET-Radiopharmaka im Hinblick auf die Etablierung einer dezentralen
Herstellung des klinischen Prüfpräparats zu beachten sind. Solche prospektiven
Studien spielen in der nuklearmedizinischen Forschung und Entwicklung eine
zunehmend wichtige Rolle. Um PSMA-PET-Tracer mit kurzer Halbwertzeit für die
Prostatakrebsdiagnostik weiter im behördlichen Zulassungsverfahren und
schließlich im Gesundheitssystem etablieren zu können, schließen sich
nuklearmedizinische Zentren zunehmend standortübergreifend zusammen, um in
angemessener Zeit hierfür die notwendige Anzahl von Studienpatienten zu
erreichen. Im Folgenden gehen wir auf das regulatorische Umfeld zur Herstellung
von PSMA-PET-Radiopharmaka als klinisches Prüfpräparat (engl. Investigational
Medicinal Product, IMP) ein, und führen am Beispiel der frühen multizentrischen
klinischen Prüfung der Phasen-I und -II „[68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 in
high-risk Prostate Cancer“ wesentliche Aspekte an, die bei der Initiierung einer
prospektiven Studie mit dezentraler PSMA-Tracer-Herstellung aus
radiopharmazeutisch-organisatorischer Sicht zu berücksichtigen und im Vorfeld
abzustimmen sind.
Intramedullary Subependymoma of the Cervical Spinal Cord: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Chapa Eiralí , González Juana , Morquecho Mauricio , Martínez José , Flores Mariana , De León Ángel , Quintana Oralia , Márquez Rodolfo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractSubependymoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system, representing 0.2 to 0.7% of all intracranial tumors. They are usually found in the fourth ventricle or in the walls of the lateral ventricles, often remaining asymptomatic. Subependymomas occur rarely in the cervical or thoracic spinal cord. Since its first description in the spinal cord by Boykin et al in 1954, only 47 cases have been reported. A 49-year-old man presented with a 4-year-long-lasting neck pain, which radiated to the upper right extremity for 4 years. It was insidious at onset and revealed gradual progression, difficulty in performing fine hand movements, and hyperalgesia. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed irregular hyperintensity of T2 and dilatation of the spinal cord from C4 to T1 with associated edema and an intramedullary lesion with central location. During the surgical event, a transoperative biopsy was performed that revealed loose fibrillary networks and groups of nuclei showing mild pleomorphism and microcystic formations. Histologically, we observed groups of cells with mild nuclear pleomorphism embedded in a dense, thin, glial fibrillar fundus, and microcystic formations. Immunohistochemical staining revealed diffuse positivity for the glial fibrillary acidic protein, and negative for the epithelial membrane antigen. Subependymoma accounts for 8.3% of all ependymal tumors. There are few descriptions of the cytologic features of the subependymoma because this neoplasm is rare and most commonly found incidentally in autopsies.
The Uncommon Trapezium Fracture: A Case Series
Authors: Beekhuizen S. R. , Quispel C. R. , Jasper J. , Deijkers R. L. M. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background Isolated trapezium fractures are rare and account for only 1 to 5% of all carpal fractures but are still the third most common carpal fracture. Trapezium fractures are hard to detect and easily missed on standard radiographs. Trapezium fractures can be treated conservatively, as well as operatively, the best treatment is still debatable. Damage of the joint surface between the trapezium and the base of the first metacarpal or scaphoid could cause pain and restriction of movements. Therefore, it is important to diagnose and treat the fracture at early stage, so that articular congruence is guaranteed.
Case description We present four cases of the uncommon trapezium fracture. All four cases are conservatively treated with good results, there was no need for operative treatment in all the cases.
Literature review The literature describes the possibility to use fixation techniques, only when it is not possible to reduce the displaced fracture or the residual articular step-off is too high a fixation technique should be used.
Clinical relevance Primarily, we would recommend navicular cast immobilization for 4 to 6 weeks as initial treatment.
Mild Persistent Isolated Hypermethioninemia Identified through Newborn Screening in Michigan
Authors: Sen Kuntal , Felice Michael , Bannick Allison , Colombo Roberto , Conway Robert 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMethionine S-adenosyltransferase deficiency, due to mutations in MAT1A, is the most common cause of persistent isolated hypermethioninemia (PIH). While the recessive form may cause neurological consequences, the dominant form is typically benign. This condition may be found in asymptomatic infants through newborn screening programs. We describe 16 asymptomatic individuals with PIH. Our data reiterates the benign nature of PIH and reports two novel mutations in the gene. There were a disproportionate number of individuals with African descent in this cohort.