bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Balancing of assembly lines with collaborative robots
Authors: Weckenborg Christian , Kieckhäfer Karsten , Müller Christoph , Grunewald Martin , Spengler Thomas S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMotivated by recent developments to deploy collaborative robots in industrial production systems, we investigate the assembly line balancing problem with collaborative robots. The problem is characterized by the possibility that human and robots can simultaneously execute tasks at the same workpiece either in parallel or in collaboration. For this novel problem type, we present a mixed-integer programming formulation for balancing and scheduling of assembly lines with collaborative robots. The model decides on both the assignment of collaborative robots to stations and the distribution of workload to workers and robotic partners, aiming to minimize the cycle time. Given the high problem complexity, a hybrid genetic algorithm is presented as a solution procedure. Based on extensive computational experiments, the algorithm reveals promising results in both computational time and solution quality. Moreover, the results indicate that substantial productivity gains can be utilized by deploying collaborative robots in manual assembly lines. This holds especially true for a high average number of robots and tasks to be assigned to every station as well as a high portion of tasks that can be executed by the robot and in collaboration.
Clinicopathologic subtype of Alzheimer's disease presenting as corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Sakae Nobutaka , Josephs Keith A. , Litvan Irene , Murray Melissa E. , Duara Ranjan , Uitti Ryan J. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , van Gerpen Jay , Graff‐Radford Neil R. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is associated with several neuropathologic disorders, including corticobasal degeneration and Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodIn this report, we studied 43 AD patients with CBS (AD‐CBS) and compared them with 42 AD patients with typical amnestic syndrome (AD‐AS), as well as 15 cases of corticobasal degeneration and CBS pathology.ResultsUnlike AD‐AS, AD‐CBS had prominent motor problems, including limb apraxia (90%), myoclonus (81%), and gait disorders (70%). Alien limb phenomenon was reported in 26% and cortical sensory loss in 14%. Language problems were also more frequent in AD‐CBS, and memory impairment was less frequent. AD‐CBS had more tau pathology in perirolandic cortices but less in superior temporal cortex than AD‐AS. In addition, AD‐CBS had greater neuronal loss in the substantia nigra.DiscussionAD‐CBS is a clinicopathological subtype of AD with an atypical distribution of Alzheimer‐type tau pathology. Greater neuronal loss in the substantia nigra may contribute to Parkinsonism which is not a feature of typical AD.
Enstrophy transport in swirl combustion
Authors: Kazbekov Askar , Kumashiro Keishi , Steinberg Adam M. 
Published: August 2019

The contributions of vortex stretching, dilatation, baroclinic torque and viscous diffusion to Reynolds-averaged enstrophy transport in turbulent swirl flames were experimentally measured using tomographic particle image velocimetry and$\text{CH}_{2}\text{O}$planar laser induced fluorescence at jet Reynolds numbers of 26 000–51 000. The mean baroclinic torque was determined by subtracting the other terms in the enstrophy transport equation from the mean Lagrangian derivative. Enstrophy production from baroclinic torque was found to be significant relative to the other transport terms across all conditions studies. This result contrasts with direct numerical simulations of flames in homogeneous isotropic turbulence, which show a decreasing relative significance of baroclinic torque with increasing turbulence intensity (e.g. Bobbitt, Lapointe & Blanquart,Phys. Fluids, vol. 28 (1), 2016, 015101). Hence, the significance of baroclinic enstrophy production in flames is not determined entirely by the local turbulence and flame properties, but also depends on the configuration-specific pressure field.
Titans of the early Universe: The Prato statement on the origin of the first supermassive black holes
Authors: Woods Tyrone E. , Agarwal Bhaskar , Bromm Volker , Bunker Andrew , Chen Ke-Jung , Chon Sunmyon , Ferrara Andrea , Glover Simon C. O. , Haemmerlé Lionel , Haiman Zoltán , Hartwig Tilman , Heger Alexander , Hirano Shingo , Hosokawa Takashi , Inayoshi Kohei , Klessen Ralf S. , Kobayashi Chiaki , Koliopanos Filippos , Latif Muhammad A. , Li Yuexing , Mayer Lucio , Mezcua Mar , Natarajan Priyamvada , Pacucci Fabio , Rees Martin J. , Regan John A. , Sakurai Yuya , Salvadori Stefania , Schneider Raffaella , Surace Marco , Tanaka Takamitsu L. , Whalen Daniel J. , Yoshida Naoki 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn recent years, the discovery of massive quasars at$z\sim7$has provided a striking challenge to our understanding of the origin and growth of supermassive black holes in the early Universe. Mounting observational and theoretical evidence indicates the viability of massive seeds, formed by the collapse of supermassive stars, as a progenitor model for such early, massive accreting black holes. Although considerable progress has been made in our theoretical understanding, many questions remain regarding how (and how often) such objects may form, how they live and die, and how next generation observatories may yield new insight into the origin of these primordial titans. This review focusses on our present understanding of this remarkable formation scenario, based on the discussions held at the Monash Prato Centre from November 20 to 24, 2017, during the workshop ‘Titans of the Early Universe: The Origin of the First Supermassive Black Holes’.
Patterns of, and barriers to supportive care needs assessment and provision for Australian women with gynecological cancer and their caregivers: a mixed-methods study of clinical practice
Authors: Beesley Vanessa L , Staneva Aleksandra , Nehill Caroline , Milch Vivienne , Hughes Felicity , Webb Penelope M. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo document the current clinical practice in 2017 for assessment of supportive care needs and provision of supportive care to women with gynecological cancer and their caregivers in Australia, and to identify the main enablers and barriers to care provision.MethodsA total of 64 health professionals who care for Australian women with gynecological cancer responded to an electronic survey which explored their use of needs assessment, service-level processes and protocols for support service provision, and identified enablers and barriers to provision of care to both patients and caregivers. Eight respondents underwent an additional in-depth interview to elaborate on enablers, barriers, and gaps in the provision of supportive care.ResultsMostly, needs assessment for women and caregivers was part of current practice but done without validated tools or a checklist. Only 30% of respondents reported having documented referral pathways. Most respondents simply recorded a plan for meeting needs within the patients’ medical record (63% for patients; 46% for caregivers) rather than using a formalized care plan (15% for patients; 6% for caregivers). The interviewees’ comments supported survey results that having sufficient time to discuss issues was both the most important enabling factor and the greatest barrier to successful supportive care provision. The interviewees further discussed variations in needs based on age, cultural background, and phases within the cancer care continuum, and that best practice supportive care should involve a multidisciplinary team and customizable protocols.Significance of resultsThere is much room for improvement in the assessment of needs and provision of supportive care to women with gynecological cancer and their caregivers. Approaches to optimize use of consultation time (e.g., needs assessment tools and referral protocols) are necessary. Flexibility in the form and mode of delivery of support may be required to meet diverse personal preferences and incorporate caregivers.
Three‐Dimensional Flow Above River Bedforms: Insights From Numerical Modeling of a Natural Dune Field (Río Paraná, Argentina)
Authors: Lefebvre Alice 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBedforms are ubiquitous features in rivers and shallow seas, as mobile sediment is transported by flowing water. The mutual interaction of hydrodynamics and bedform has been widely studied in the laboratory over two‐dimensional bedforms having an angle‐of‐repose (30°) lee side and a relatively simple shape. However, the influence of bedform natural morphology and three‐dimensionality on the flow is still poorly constrained. The present work looks at how a natural three‐dimensional (3‐D) bedform field influences flow properties through high‐resolution numerical modeling. A 3‐D numerical model is set up with Delft3D and verified against lab experiments of idealized 3‐D bedforms. The model is used to simulate water velocities, turbulence, water levels, and bed shear stress above a natural bedform field from the Río Paraná (Argentina). The presence and size of the flow separation zone and turbulent wake depend on the presence and properties of the slip face (defined here as the portion of the lee side with angles >15°) and not on those of the crest. When present, the flow separation and wake lengths are, for the tested settings, respectively, around 5 and 13 times the slip face height. A slip face orientation of 25° or more compared to the flow increases cross‐stream flow and suppresses flow reversal over the slip face. To understand and predict flow and bedform properties, the slip face rather than the crest position should be identified and analyzed.
A Big Data‐Driven Nonlinear Least Squares Four‐Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Method: Theoretical Formulation and Conceptual Evaluation
Authors: Tian Xiangjun , Zhang Hongqin 
Published: August 2019

AbstractA new nonlinear least squares four‐dimensional variational data assimilation method (NLS‐4DVar) is proposed incorporating the use of “big data.” This distinctive four‐dimensional ensemble‐variational data assimilation method (4DEnVar) is made up of two ensembles, a preprepared historical big data ensemble and a small “online” ensemble. The historical ensemble portrays both the ensemble‐constructed background error covariance and tangent models more accurately, as compared with the standard NLS‐4DVar method, with no heavy increase in computational cost in terms of real‐time operations. The online ensemble maintains the flow dependence of the ensemble‐estimated background error covariance. The ensemble analysis scheme proposed by merging the local ensemble transform Kalman filter scheme with a sophisticated sampling approach is able to adjust the ensemble spreads suitably and maintain them steadily. The updating scheme also largely guarantees the partial flow dependence of the historical ensemble. Experimental results using the shallow‐water equations demonstrate that the new big data method provides substantial performance improvement over the standard NLS‐4DVar method.
Dynamics, Radiation, and Overall Energy Budget of Earthquake Rupture With Coseismic Off‐Fault Damage
Authors: Okubo Kurama , Bhat Harsha S. , Rougier Esteban , Marty Samson , Schubnel Alexandre , Lei Zhou , Knight Earl E. , Klinger Yann 
Published: August 2019

AbstractEarthquake ruptures dynamically activate coseismic off‐fault damage around fault cores. Systematic field observation efforts have shown the distribution of off‐fault damage around main faults, while numerical modeling using elastic‐plastic off‐fault material models have demonstrated the evolution of coseismic off‐fault damage during earthquake ruptures. Laboratory‐scale microearthquake experiments have pointed out the enhanced high‐frequency radiation due to the coseismic off‐fault damage. However, the detailed off‐fault fracturing mechanisms, subsequent radiation, and its contribution to the overall energy budget remain to be fully understood because of limitations of current observational techniques and model formulations. Here, we constructed a new physics‐based dynamic earthquake rupture modeling framework, based on the combined finite‐discrete element method, to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of coseismic off‐fault damage, and its effect on the rupture dynamics, the radiation and the overall energy budget. We conducted a 2‐D systematic case study with depth and showed the mechanisms of dynamic activation of the coseismic off‐fault damage. We found the decrease in rupture velocity and the enhanced high‐frequency radiation in near field due to the coseismic off‐fault damage. We then evaluated the overall energy budget, which shows a significant contribution of the coseismic off‐fault damage to the overall energy budget even at depth, where the damage zone width becomes narrower. The present numerical framework for the dynamic earthquake rupture modeling thus provides new insights into earthquake rupture dynamics with the coseismic off‐fault damage.
Impact of Atmospheric Rivers on Surface Hydrological Processes in Western U.S. Watersheds
Authors: Chen Xiaodong , Leung L. Ruby , Wigmosta Mark , Richmond Marshall 
Published: August 2019

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) can significantly modulate surface hydrological processes through the extreme precipitation they produce. However, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation of ARs' impact on surface hydrology. This study uses a high‐resolution regional climate simulation to quantify the impact of ARs on surface hydrological processes across the western U.S. watersheds. The model performance is evaluated through extensive comparison against observations. Our analysis indicates that ARs produce heavy precipitation but suppress evapotranspiration. Snowpack ablates more during ARs, with higher air temperature and increased longwave radiation playing the primary and secondary roles, respectively. At the 0 °C to 10 °C temperature range, ARs increase the probability of snow ablation from 0.33 to 0.57. The runoff‐to‐precipitation ratio is primarily controlled by antecedent soil moisture, but it almost doubles in the northwestern watersheds due to the intensification of snow ablation during AR events. From the analysis of the relationship between the hydrological responses and different meteorological factors, precipitation, temperature, and radiation are identified as the key drivers that distinguish the hydrologic responses between AR and non‐AR events. Lastly, analysis of ARs and total runoff at annual scale and 1 April snowpack and winter precipitation shows that ARs explain 30% to 60% of the variability of annual total runoff and sharpen the seasonality of water resources availability in the west coast mountain watersheds.
Structure and Deformation History of the Rapidly Growing Tainan Anticline at the Deformation Front of the Taiwan Mountain Belt
Authors: Le Béon Maryline , Marc Odin , Suppe John , Huang Mong‐Han , Huang Shiuh‐Tsann , Chen Wen‐Shan 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis study aims at further documenting the mechanisms of shortening at the front of fold‐and‐thrust belts. We focus on an actively growing anticline located at the deformation front of the Taiwan fold‐and‐thrust belt. Based on a multidisciplinary approach combining mainly subsurface data and geodetic techniques, we show that the Tainan anticline is a pure‐shear fault‐bend fold growing above a 38–45° west dipping back thrust, the Houchiali fault, rooted on a 3.8‐km‐deep detachment. The cumulative shortening is estimated at 2–3 km since 310 ± 50 ka, including ~30–50% of horizontal compaction shortening. The significance of the fold is little in terms of total shortening at the scale of the mountain piedmont, yet the Holocene shortening rate of 10.3 ± 1.0 mm/a accounts for 25% of the present‐day shortening rate across the piedmont. Earthquake scaling relationships applied to the Houchiali fault predict Mw~6 earthquakes that would occur a lot more frequently than indicated from historical earthquake catalogs. Hence, the aseismic slip behavior observed from geodetic measurements since two decades is a representative behavior of the fault at least at the scale of a few centuries. Our results bear out the dominance of pure‐shear folding at the front of fold‐and‐thrust belts and support horizontal compaction as a significant shortening mechanism. In contrast, the back thrust wedge structure and the aseismic slip are peculiar characteristics that likely arise from the combination of low friction and high‐pore pressure related to the thick mudstone formation hosting the wedge and of high syntectonic sedimentation rates.
The pore-forming subunit Kir6.1 of the K-ATP channel negatively regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome to control insulin resistance by interacting with NLRP3
Authors: Du Ren-Hong , Lu Ming , Wang Cong , Ding Jian-Hua , Wu Guangyu , Hu Gang 
Published: August 2019

AbstractExcessive activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a key component contributing to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activation and regulation remain poorly defined. The objective of this study was to explore the possible function of the K+ channel pore-forming subunit Kir6.1 in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that Kir6.1 depletion markedly activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, whereas enhanced Kir6.1 expression produces opposing effects both in mice in vivo and in primary cells in vitro. We also demonstrate that Kir6.1 controls insulin resistance by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in mice. We further show that Kir6.1 physically associates with NLRP3 and thus inhibits the interactions between the NLRP3 inflammasome subunits. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized function of Kir6.1 as a negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome and insulin resistance, which is mediated by virtue of its ability to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome assembly. These data provide novel insights into the regulatory mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and suggest that Kir6.1 is a promising therapeutic target for inflammasome-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Mutational processes contributing to the development of multiple myeloma
Authors: Hoang Phuc H. , Cornish Alex J. , Dobbins Sara E. , Kaiser Martin , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractTo gain insight into multiple myeloma (MM) tumorigenesis, we analyzed the mutational signatures in 874 whole-exome and 850 whole-genome data from the CoMMpass Study. We identified that coding and non-coding regions are differentially dominated by distinct single-nucleotide variant (SNV) mutational signatures, as well as five de novo structural rearrangement signatures. Mutational signatures reflective of different principle mutational processes—aging, defective DNA repair, and apolipoprotein B editing complex (APOBEC)/activation-induced deaminase activity—characterize MM. These mutational signatures show evidence of subgroup specificity—APOBEC-attributed signatures associated withMAFtranslocation t(14;16) and t(14;20) MM; potentially DNA repair deficiency with t(11;14) and t(4;14); and aging with hyperdiploidy. Mutational signatures beyond that associated with APOBEC are independent of established prognostic markers and appear to have relevance to predicting high-risk MM.
Tens of thousands additional deaths annually in cities of China between 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C warming
Authors: Wang Yanjun , Wang Anqian , Zhai Jianqing , Tao Hui , Jiang Tong , Su Buda , Yang Jun , Wang Guojie , Liu Qiyong , Gao Chao , Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. , Zhan Mingjin , Feng Zhiqiang , Fischer Thomas 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe increase in surface air temperature in China has been faster than the global rate, and more high temperature spells are expected to occur in future. Here we assess the annual heat-related mortality in densely populated cities of China at 1.5 °C and 2.0 °C global warming. For this, the urban population is projected under five SSPs, and 31 GCM runs as well as temperature-mortality relation curves are applied. The annual heat-related mortality is projected to increase from 32.1 per million inhabitants annually in 1986–2005 to 48.8–67.1 per million for the 1.5 °C warming and to 59.2–81.3 per million for the 2.0 °C warming, taking improved adaptation capacity into account. Without improved adaptation capacity, heat-related mortality will increase even stronger. If all 831 million urban inhabitants in China are considered, the additional warming from 1.5 °C to 2 °C will lead to more than 27.9 thousand additional heat-related deaths, annually.
Rhodium-catalysed direct hydroarylation of alkenes and alkynes with phosphines through phosphorous-assisted C−H activation
Authors: Wang Dingyi , Dong Ben , Wang Yandong , Qian Jiasheng , Zhu Jinjun , Zhao Yue , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBiarylphosphines have been widely applied as ligands in various synthetic methods, especially in transition-metal-catalysed carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bond cross-coupling reactions. Based on the outstanding properties of the parent scaffolds, a general method for in situ modification of the commercial tertiary phosphine ligands to access a series of ligands is in high demand. Here we show that a rhodium-catalysed system is introduced for the hydroarylation of alkenes and alkynes with tertiary phosphines through P(III)-chelation assisted C-H activation. A series of ligand libraries containing alkyl and alkenyl substituted groups with different steric and electronic properties are obtained in high yields. Furthermore, several experimental studies are performed to uncover the key mechanistic features of the linear-selective hydroarylation of alkenes and branch-selective hydroarylation of alkynes.
Tailoring the photoelectrochemistry of catalytic metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) photoanodes by a dissolution method
Authors: Loget G. , Mériadec C. , Dorcet V. , Fabre B. , Vacher A. , Fryars S. , Ababou-Girard S. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractApart from being key structures of modern microelectronics, metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junctions are highly promising electrodes for artificial leaves, i.e. photoelectrochemical cells that can convert sunlight into energy-rich fuels. Here, we demonstrate that homogeneous Si/SiOx/Ni MIS junctions, employed as photoanodes, can be functionalized with a redox-active species and simultaneously converted into high-photovoltage inhomogeneous MIS junctions by electrochemical dissolution. We also report on the considerable enhancement of performance towards urea oxidation, induced by this process. Finally, we demonstrate that both phenomena can be employed synergistically to design highly-efficient Si-based photoanodes. These findings open doors for the manufacturing of artificial leaves that can generate H2 under solar illumination using contaminated water.