bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Feedback in Massive Star Formation. II. Lower Star Formation Efficiency at Lower Metallicity
Authors: Tanaka Kei E. I. , Tan Jonathan C. , Zhang Yichen , Hosokawa Takashi 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We conduct a theoretical study of the formation of massive stars over a wide range of metallicities from 10−5 to

and evaluate the star formation efficiencies (SFEs) from prestellar cloud cores taking into account multiple feedback processes. Unlike for simple spherical accretion, feedback processes in the case of disk accretion do not set upper limits on stellar masses. At solar metallicity, launching of magneto-centrifugally driven outflows is the dominant feedback process to set SFEs, while radiation pressure, which has been regarded as pivotal, makes only a minor contribution even in the formation of stars over

. Photoevaporation becomes significant in the formation of stars over

at low metallicities of

, where dust absorption of ionizing photons is inefficient. We conclude that if initial prestellar core properties are similar, then massive stars are rarer in extremely metal-poor environments of 10−5–

. Our results give new insight into the high-mass end of the initial mass function and its potential variation with galactic and cosmological environments.
Evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic diagnostic test (RIDT) for diagnosis of rabies in samples from Argentina
Authors: Gury Dohmen Federico , Kovacs Esteban , Prestrera Natalia Elizabeth , Beltrán Fernando Javier 
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Rabies is a globally widespread zoonosis of viral origin that causes fatal encephalitis in humans and animals. In countries where rabies is endemic and there is a lack of well-equipped diagnostic laboratories, a rapid immunochromatographic diagnostic test (RIDT) for detection of rabies could be an indispensable tool. In this study we evaluated the limit of detection, as well as specificity and sensitivity of RIDT, compared to the standard fluorescent antibody test (FAT).
Methodology: A total of 174 samples were diagnosed by both RIDT and FAT. Fresh clinical samples, poorly conserved samples and brains in advanced state of decomposition generated under laboratory conditions were used to resemble field conditions. The sensitivity of RIDT was evaluated with CVS fixed strain of rabies virus (RABV), previously titrated in 21-day old albino mice and compared with the Reverse Transcription – Polimerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique in parallel. Additionally, the Mouse Inoculation Test (MIT) was used to perform the antigenic characterization of Rabies virus variants.
Results: The limit of detection of RIDT was 100 LD50 / 0.03 mL and its performance, as compared to that of FAT, showed a sensitivity of 97.96%, a specificity of 100% and a concordance by the Kappa test of 0.98 with 95% CI.
Conclusions: RIDT provides results comparable to those of FAT and this test can be considered as an appropriate method under the field conditions, even in samples that are not suitable for FAT due to their state of decomposition.
A Royal Pain, But Worth It: New Storage for Old Collections
Authors: Harding Deborah , Anderson Gretchen 
Published: July 2018

Three years ago, the Section of Anthropology, Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA, received a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities to rehouse its 1.5-million-specimen archaeological collection. The entire Anthropology collection was affected by the movement of the archaeology material, and required additional attention.
With a staff of two people, a conservator, and a host of wonderful volunteers and interns, the security and accessibility of the collections were greatly enhanced through the creation of custom housing for a variety of objects, including pottery, textiles, spears, bows and arrows, saddles, etc. This poster shows a sampling of the storage upgrades that resulted from this intense project.
The Change Imperative: Accelerating the pace of biodiversity discovery and documentation
Authors: Holewa Hamish , Belbin Lee , Wallis Elycia 
Published: July 2018

Taxonomic work is slow and time consuming. Alarm bells have rung for years about the need to go faster, the need to attract and train new taxonomic workers, and the need to convince other branches of science that taxonomic work is vital. Morphological taxonomy is either being overrun or augmented – depending on your perspective – by genomics, artificial intelligence, new imaging methods and species-related data from other branches of science.
Ecology is one such branch of science, where defining, documenting and managing information about species traits has emerged as one of the most significant problems in the discipline. Traits have been recorded for aeons, but the resulting data has largely been insulated within cliques. How do we integrate these data and make them available in a form that will help to address significant issues about our environment? The ‘speed bumps’ on the route to a useful solution may be more social than technical.
Cross-disciplinary collaboration is required to address the big questions in biodiversity research today, and it will need to extend beyond taxonomy and ecology to other disciplines, such as pharmacology and material science. As Harry Truman said, and John LaSalle often quoted, “It is amazing what you can accomplish if you do not care who gets the credit”.
We are challenged to understand and answer the key questions about the world on which we all depend. What are the challenges and the opportunities to accelerate biodiversity discovery and documentation?
Frontières : rejet, attachement, obsession
Authors: Foucher Michel 
Published: July 2018

Le retour des frontières ne peut que surprendre ceux qui avaient confondu la moindre visibilité de ces limites régaliennes et leur disparition dans un monde définitivement globalisé sous l’emprise de l’économie. La frontière marque la nécessaire limite entre un dedans et un dehors, fondement de toute conscience politique collective. Et il revient aux pouvoirs de « régler les confins », afin de nouer des relations civilisées avec les autres nations.
Les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle : utilité et désirabilité de la conscience professionnelle
Authors: Grimault Valérie , Gangloff Bernard 
Published: July 2018

Dans cet article les comportements de citoyenneté organisationnelle sont définis à travers cinq dimensions : l’altruisme, la courtoisie, la sportivité, le civisme, et la conscience professionnelle. L’objectif de notre étude est d’en éclairer les ressorts. Pour cela, nous nous sommes focalisés sur l’une de ses dimensions : la conscience professionnelle ( conscientiousness ) appréhendée comme le comportement consciencieux au travail. En effet, MacKenzie, Podsakoff et Fetter (1993) ont constaté que la conscience professionnelle, considérée comme une dimension de la citoyenneté organisationnelle, était valorisée dans l’évaluation de la performance au travail. Après une revue de littérature, cela nous a conduit à établir l’hypothèse principale que la conscience professionnelle était ancrée dans un jugement d’utilité et non dans un jugement de désirabilité sociale. Pour vérifier notre hypothèse, nous avons conduit une étude en deux temps : tout d’abord auprès de 80 étudiants à l’université puis auprès de 80 salariés exerçant diverses activités professionnelles. Il en ressort que, dans les situations professionnelles comme dans un contexte universitaire, le consciencieux est jugé à la fois plus utile et plus désirable. Quant au non-consciencieux, selon nos résultats et le dispositif mis en œuvre, il est jugé plus inutile qu’indésirable uniquement chez les étudiants. Nous discutons des limites et des apports de notre étude, ainsi que des travaux restant à mener pour le développement de la citoyenneté organisationnelle.
Reliability and Validity of a 1-Person Technique to Measure Humeral Torsion Using Ultrasound
Authors: Hannah Daniel C. , Scibek Jason S. , Carcia Christopher R. , Phelps Amy L. 
Published: July 2018

Context:
Knowledge of the bilateral difference in humeral torsion (HT) enables clinicians to implement appropriate interventions for soft tissue restrictions of the shoulder to restore rotational motion and reduce injury risk. Whereas the current ultrasound method for measuring HT requires 2 assessors, a more efficient 1-person technique (1PT) may be of value.

Objective:
To determine if a 1PT is a reliable and valid alternative to the established 2-person technique (2PT) for indirectly measuring HT using ultrasound.

Design:
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting:
Biomechanics laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
A convenience sample of 16 volunteers (7 men, 9 women; age = 26.9 ± 6.8 years, height = 172.2 ± 10.7 cm, mass = 80.0 ± 13.3 kg).

Main Outcome Measure(s):
We collected the HT data using both the 1PT and 2PT from a total of 30 upper extremities (16 left, 14 right). Within-session intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC [3,1]) and standard error of measurement (SEM) were assessed for both techniques. Simple linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis were used to examine the validity of the 1PT when compared with the established 2PT.

Results:
The 1PT (ICC [3,1] = 0.992, SEM = 0.8°) and 2PT (ICC [3,1] = 0.979, SEM = 1.1°) demonstrated excellent within-session intrarater reliability. A strong linear relationship was demonstrated between the HT measurements collected with both techniques (r = 0.963, r2 = 0.928, F1,28 = 361.753, P &lt; .001). A bias of −1.2° ± 2.6° was revealed, and the 95% limits of agreement indicated the 2 techniques can be expected to vary from −6.3° to 3.8°.

Conclusions:
The 1PT for measuring HT using ultrasound was a reliable and valid alternative to the 2PT. By reducing the number of testers involved, the 1PT may provide clinicians with a more efficient and practical means of obtaining these valuable clinical data.a
Balance- and Strength-Training Protocols to Improve Chronic Ankle Instability Deficits, Part I: Assessing Clinical Outcome Measures
Authors: Hall Emily A. , Chomistek Andrea K. , Kingma Jackie J. , Docherty Carrie L. 
Published: July 2018

Context:
Functional rehabilitation may improve the deficits associated with chronic ankle instability (CAI).

Objective:
To determine if balance- and strength-training protocols improve the balance, strength, and functional performance deficits associated with CAI.

Design:
Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting:
Athletic training research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants:
Participants were 39 volunteers with CAI, which was determined using the Identification of Functional Ankle Instability Questionnaire. They were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: balance-training protocol (7 males, 6 females; age = 23.5 ± 6.5 years, height = 175.0 ± 8.5 cm, mass = 72.8 ± 10.9 kg), strength-training protocol (8 males, 5 females; age = 24.6 ± 7.7 years, height = 173.2 ± 9.0 cm, mass = 76.0 ± 16.2 kg), or control (6 males, 7 females; age = 24.8 ± 9.0 years, height = 175.5 ± 8.4 cm, mass = 79.1 ± 16.8 kg).

Intervention(s):
Each group participated in a 20-minute session, 3 times per week, for 6 weeks. The control group completed a mild to moderately strenuous bicycle workout.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Participants completed baseline testing of eccentric and concentric isokinetic strength in each ankle direction (inversion, eversion, plantar flexion, and dorsiflexion) and the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS), Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and side-hop functional performance test. The same variables were tested again at 6 weeks after the intervention. Two multivariate repeated-measures analyses of variance with follow-up univariate analyses were conducted. The α level was set a priori at .05.

Results:
We observed time-by-group interactions in concentric (P = .02) and eccentric (P = .01) inversion, eccentric eversion (P = .01), concentric (P = .001) and eccentric (P = .03) plantar flexion, BESS (P = .01), SEBT (P = .02), and side hop (P = .004). With pairwise comparisons, we found improvements in the balance- and strength-training protocol groups in concentric and eccentric inversion and concentric and eccentric plantar flexion and the BESS, SEBT, and side hop (all P values = .001). Only the strength-training protocol group improved in eccentric eversion. The control group did not improve in any dependent variable.

Conclusions:
Both training protocols improved strength, balance, and functional performance. More clinicians should incorporate hop-to-stabilization exercises into their rehabilitation protocols to improve the deficits associated with CAI.
South African National Survey of Arachnida: A checklist of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve in the Northern Cape province, South Africa
Authors: Dippenaar-Schoeman Anna S. , Haddad Charles R. , Lyle Robin , Lotz Leon N. , Foord Stefan H. , Jocque Rudy , Webb Peter 
Published: July 2018

One of the aims of South African National Survey of Arachnida (SANSA) is to survey protected areas to obtain species-specific information and compile inventories to determine species distribution patterns and evaluate their conservation status for Red Data assessments. The aim of this study, the first in a series of surveys of the Diamond Route Reserves, was to compile the first checklist of the spider species in the Northern Cape at the Tswalu Kalahari Reserve. Spiders were collected during three survey periods (2005−2013) using different collecting methods to sample both the ground and field layers. In total, 32 families represented by 108 genera and 136 species have been collected so far. The most species-rich families are the Salticidae (20 spp.) and Thomisidae (18 spp.), followed by the Gnaphosidae and Araneidae (11 spp. each), while nine families are represented by singletons. The free-living wandering spiders represent 97 spp., while 39 spp. are web-builders. Information on spider guilds, endemicity value and conservation status are provided. The Tswalu Kalahari Reserve protects approximately 6.1% of the total South African spider fauna, while 24.3% of the species found in the reserve are South African endemics, of which 5.9% are Northern Cape endemics. Approximately 6.0% of the species sampled are possibly new to science or represent new records for South Africa.Conservation implications: The Tswalu Kalahari Reserve falls within the Savanna Biome in the Northern Cape province. Only one spider species was previously known from the reserve; a further 135 spp. are reported for the first time, with 5.9% of the species being Northern Cape endemics and 24.3% South African endemics. Approximately 6.0% of the species may be new to science or represent new records for South Africa.
The influence of store environment on brand attitude, brand experience and purchase intention
Authors: Venter de Villiers Marike , Chinomona Richard , Chuchu Tinashe 
Published: July 2018

Background: Consumer decision-making is shifting from the rational to the emotional, and as a result, retailers are investing in unique store atmospheric cues to capture the attention of consumers. Although not a completely new phenomenon, a lack of studies on this topic remains in Africa, an emerging economy that is rapidly becoming part of the global economy. This is especially evident in the fashion industry where global fashion chain stores are rapidly infiltrating the local market. Objectives: This article aims to investigate the influence of store environment on purchase intention of fashion products with brand attitude and brand experience as the mediators. Method: By means of a quantitative study, 501 online self-administered surveys were distributed among black middle-class women residing in Johannesburg. Results: The results support four of the five hypotheses. It is therefore evident that store environment positively influences consumer’s brand attitudes, purchase intention and brand experience in the fashion retail industry. Conclusion: This article contributes to existing literature on fashion retail, experiential marketing and branding. It further provides retailers with adequate insight into experiential retail strategies that can yield profitable returns and increase their customer loyalty base.
Perioperative Course of Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery through Endoscopic versus Microscopic Approach: Interim Concerns for Neurosurgical Anesthesiology
Authors: Jain Varun , Chaturvedi Arvind , Pandia Mihir Prakash , Bithal Parmod Kumar 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Endonasal endoscopic approach for transsphenoidal excision of pituitary adenoma has undergone remarkable evolution in the last two decades. It is considered less invasive and less stressful, with results comparable to the previous “gold standard” technique of microscopic transsphenoidal excision of pituitary adenoma. The aim of this study was to compare the various perioperative anesthetic and surgical factors which differ in the two approaches (endoscopic vs. microscopic) for pituitary adenoma excision, during the period when surgeons increasingly started using endoscope at our center. Materials and Methods: Data of 307 patients from January 2011 to December 2013 were reviewed in this retrospective study. Various parameters were divided and compared on the basis of the type of approach for pituitary tumor resection vis-à-vis microscope-assisted sublabial transsphenoidal (MSLTS) resection or microscope-assisted transnasal transsphenoidal (MTNTS) resection or endoscope-assisted endonasal transsphenoidal (ETSS) resection. Results: Demographic variables (except age); tumor type, dimensions, and invasiveness; patients’ comorbidities; postoperative nausea/vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, respiratory, and cardiovascular problems were comparable among three groups. Duration of surgery and anesthesia were shortest for MTNTS group and longest for ETSS group (P < 0.001). Blood loss was higher in ETSS technique (median 300 mL) and least in MTNTS (median 100 mL), and the difference was significant across all three groups (P = 0.0003). Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea was 17% in the MSLTS group compared to 6.5% in MTNTS and 7.9% in ETSS (P = 0.047). Conclusion: ETSS with the expected advantage of being less invasive offers a better chance for complete resection of adenoma. Neuroanesthesiologist must be prepared for longer surgical time and more blood loss as compared to previous microscopic approach, at least till the surgeons expertise in this newer technique.
Analysis and Clinical Importance of Skull Base Fractures in Adult Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sivanandapanicker Jyothish , Nagar Milesh , Kutty Raja , Sunilkumar B. S. , Peethambaran Anilkumar , Rajmohan B. P. , Asher Prasanth , Shinihas V. P. , Mohandas K. , Jain Sourabh , Sharma Saurabh 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Aims and Objectives: Basal skull fracture (BSF) is rare in head injury (HI) patients and occasionally goes unnoticed which may lead to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistula. With changing trends in HI, there is a need to reassess incidence and pattern of BSF pattern, CSF leak, meningitis, and management protocol, especially in this part of the world where detailed literature is lacking. Subjects and Methods: We closely followed adult patients admitted with BSF in our institute between January 2013 and December 2014. Associated clinical features were recorded. In case of CSF leak, detailed CSF study was done and patients were managed accordingly. Patients with persistent CSF leak were managed surgically. Results: During the study period, 194 of 5041 HI patients had evidence of BSF (3.85%). BSF was most commonly associated with moderate-to-severe HI (73.19%). About 81.44% patients were male and 29.9% were <30 years. Most common cause was road traffic accident (84.54%). Isolated anterior cranial fossa (ACF) fracture was most common (50%). About 63.92% patients had raccoon eyes. Forty-three patients had CSF leak with CSF rhinorrhea being more common. Culture of only 5 patients suggested bacterial meningitis. CSF leak lasted for more than 10 days in 8 patients, of which 4 patients required surgical repair. Conclusions: BSF is rare in victims of HI. It is more common in young adult males. ACF fractures are most common in our setup. Clinical signs of BSF are supportive but not definitive; high resolution computed tomography head is gold standard to detect BSF. CSF leak is rare and most of the cases can be managed conservatively. Leak persisting more than 7–10 days has high risk of developing meningitis and likely to need surgical intervention.
Mutation Location and Cognitive Impairment in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Mukherjee Soumava , Roy Manoj , Guha Gautam , Saha Shankar Prasad 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT
Background: Cognitive impairment is commonly seen in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Few studies have shown a correlation between loss of different isoforms of the DMD gene and cognitive impairment. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether correlation exists in the location of mutation in DMD gene or loss of different isoforms and cognitive impairment in children with DMD in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: Ten children were evaluated. Gene mutation analysis was done by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method. The isoforms affected were inferred from mutation location in each of these patients. Binet Kamat Intelligence Test (BKT) and Bender Gestalt test (BGT) were administered. Results: All male patients were aged between 4 and 9 years. Genetic analysis showed deletion in all patients, with seven having deletion in “hotspot” regions (exon 43–52). Psychometric analysis by BGT and BKT showed mean score of 8.6 and mean IQ score of 85.5, respectively. Comparison between patients with hotspot mutations and mutations in other regions, for mean IQ score and BGT score, was statistically significant (P = 0.132 and P = 0.005, respectively). The difference in the IQ score between patients with isolated Dp427 loss (n = 3) and cumulative Dp427/Dp260/Dp140utr loss (n = 6) was statistically significant (P = 0.011). Visuomotor functioning was more impaired in patients with isolated Dp427 loss. Conclusion: The role of cumulative loss of isoforms along with importance of loss of Dp140pc isoform was seen in our study. One patient with loss of Dp140utr isoform had intellectual impairment which is not commonly seen. Visuomotor functioning is more affected in more upstream mutations as shown in our study.
Trihexyphenidyl Misuse in Delusional Disorder
Authors: Mahal Pankaj , Nishanth K. N. , Mahapatra Ananya , Sarkar Siddharth , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh 
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACTTrihexyphenidyl is an anticholinergic medication that is routinely used for the management of extrapyramidal symptoms in patients who receive antipsychotic medications. Trihexyphenidyl has been reported to be abused by some patients, who start to take it in increasing doses and tend to report a sensation of relaxation or pleasure with this medication. Hence, whether trihexyphenidyl should be considered a psychoactive substance and whether nonprescription misuse of this medication should be considered under the purview of substance use disorders need further clarity. We present here two cases of trihexyphenidyl misuse which developed in the context of persistent delusional disorders and highlight the challenges in diagnosis in such a situation.