bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentelle Untersuchung von Versagensvorgängen an Verbundankern mit einem In‐Situ‐Versuchsmodell
Authors: Horn Sebastian , Hölz Kevin , Schwabe Michael , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThema des vorliegenden Artikels ist die Untersuchung von Versagensvorgängen an Verbundankern. Um die Tragfähigkeit von Verbundankern optimieren zu können, ist das Verständnis dieser Versagensvorgänge notwendig. In einzelnen Versuchen wurden Bestrebungen unternommen, die Versagensvorgänge von Verbundankern untersuchbar zu machen. Bisher ist der tatsächliche, lastabhängige Verlauf der Versagensvorgänge bei Verbundankern, insbesondere bei kombiniertem Versagen, noch nicht vollständig geklärt. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist die experimentelle Untersuchung von Versagensvorgängen an einem Verbundanker bei steigender Zuglast. Da die kontinuierliche Analyse der realen Versagensvorgänge mit bisherigen Methoden nicht möglich ist, wird ein In‐Situ‐Versuchsmodell vorgestellt. Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist die lastabhängige Analyse der Versagensvorgänge von zwölf Verbundankern mit Vinylestermörtel. Die Analysen der Versagensvorgänge zeigen, dass 30 % der entstandenen Risse in den unteren 10 % der eingemörtelten Gewindestange entstehen. Die Rissentstehung beginnt dabei bereits bei 35 % der Auszugskraft und findet an den Zuschlagstoffen im Beton statt. Die entstehenden Risse wachsen bei weiterer Laststeigerung zu den Gewindeflanken des Verbundankers. Die hieraus gewonnenen Erkenntnisse können die Auslegung von Verbundankern verbessern.
Enantioseparation of 5‐chloro‐2‐{2‐[3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline‐2(1H)‐yl]ethyl}‐2‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐one (SYA 40247), a high‐affinity 5‐HT7 receptor ligand, by HPLC–PDA using amylose tris‐(3, 5‐ dimethylphenylcarbamate) as a chiral stationary phase
Authors: Onyameh Edem K. , Bricker Barbara A. , Ofori Edward , Ablordeppey Seth Y. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractIn previous structure–activity relationship studies to identify new and selective 5‐HT7 receptor (5‐HT7R) ligands, we identified the chiral compound, 5‐chloro‐2‐{2‐[3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline‐2(1H)‐yl]ethyl}‐2‐methyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐one (SYA 40247), with high‐affinity binding to the 5‐HT7R. Thus, it was of interest to separate the enantiomers in order to evaluate their affinity at the 5‐HT7R. To achieve this separation, a normal‐phase analytical method using HPLC–PDA and a 4.6 × 250 mm Chiralpak AD‐H column was developed. Optimized isocratic conditions of 1.00 mL/min 95:5:0.1 v/v/v hexane–ethanol–diethylamine and a 254 nm analysis wavelength yielded a 6.07 min baseline separation. The method was scaled up to a 10 × 250 mm Chiralpak AD‐H column, allowing 3 mg of racemate to be separated with a single injection, and 6 mg for an overlapping double injection in the same run. The separated enantiomers were reinjected into the analytical HPLC system, peak identities confirmed by retention time and PDA UV spectra, and the enantiomeric purities determined to be 100% for peak 1 and 100% for peak 2. A Jasco P‐1020 polarimeter was used to determine the specific rotation [α] of the enantiomers of peaks 1 and 2, which were −86.2 and +93.3 (deg mL)/(g dm) respectively. No racemization was observed, and the enantiomeric purity remained at 100% for each peak.
Inhibition of transcription factor T‐cell factor 3 (TCF3) using the oligodeoxynucleotide strategy increases embryonic stem cell stemness: possible application in regenerative medicine
Authors: Johari Behrooz , Asadi Zoleykha , Rismani Elham , Maghsood Faezeh , Sheikh Rezaei Zahra , Farahani Sima , Madanchi Hamid , Kadivar Mehdi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe transcription factor T‐cell factor 3 (TCF3), one component of the Wnt pathway, is known as a cell‐intrinsic inhibitor of many pluripotency genes in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) that influences the balance between pluripotency and differentiation. In this study, the effects of inhibition of TCF3 transcription factor on the stemness of mouse ESCs (mESCs) were investigated using the decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) strategy. The TCF3 decoy and its scramble ODNs were designed and synthesized. The interaction specificity of the TCF3 decoy with the TCF3 transcription factor was evaluated by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Subcellular localization was carried out using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. Self‐renewal and pluripotency of mESCs were analyzed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), cell cycle and apoptosis, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), embryoid body (EB) formation, and real‐time assays. All experiments were performed in triplicate. The results showed that knockdown of TCF3 by decoy ODNs transfection in mESCs led to an increase in the cell proliferation, ALP enzyme activity, and master regulatory stemness genes and a decrease in the number and diameter of EBs. These results supported TCF3 as a potential target to maintain the pluripotency and self‐renewal capacity of mESCs. Knockdown of the TCF3 transcription factor using decoy ODNs can be a promising method to maintain the stemness of stem cells in regenerative medicine and cell therapy researches.
Comparison of long‐term clinical outcomes in multivessel coronary artery disease patients treated either with bioresoarbable polymer sirolimus‐eluting stent or permanent polymer everolimus‐eluting stent: 5‐year results of the CENTURY II randomized clinical trial
Authors: Iñiguez Andrés , Chevalier Bernard , Richardt Gert , Neylon Antoinette , Jiménez Victor A. , Kornowski Ran , Carrie Didier , Moreno Raul , Barbato Emanuele , Serra‐Peñaranda Antoni , Guiducci Vincenzo , Valdés‐Chávarri Mariano , Yajima Junji , Wijns William , Saito Shigeru ,   on behalf of CENTURY II study investigators
Published: April 2019

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the long‐term safety and efficacy of a sirolimus‐eluting stent with bioresorbable polymer (BP‐SES; Ultimaster), in comparison to a benchmark everolimus‐eluting, permanent polymer stent (PP‐EES; Xience), in a prespecified subgroup of patients with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD) enrolled in the CENTURY II trial.BackgroundThe use of coronary stenting in high‐risk subgroups, like MVD patients, is rising. The clinical evidence, including long‐term comparative analysis of the efficacy and safety benefits of different new‐generation drug eluting stents, however, remains insufficient.MethodsAmong 1,119 patients (intention‐to‐treat) enrolled in the CENTURY II prospective, randomized, single‐blind, multicenter trial, a prespecified subgroup of 456 MVD patients were allocated by stratified randomization to treatment with BP‐SES (n = 225) or PP‐EES (n = 231). The previously reported primary endpoint of this study was freedom from target lesion failure (TLF: a composite of cardiac death, target vessel‐related myocardial infarction [MI] and clinically‐indicated target lesion revascularization) at 9 months.ResultsIn this MVD substudy, baseline patient, lesion and procedure characteristics were similar between the treatment arms. At 1 and 5 years, both BP‐SES and PP‐EES displayed low and comparable rates of TLF (5.3 vs. 7.8%; p = .29 and 10.2 vs. 13.4%; p = .29), and definite or probable stent thrombosis (0.4 vs. 1.3%; p = .33 and 0.9 vs. 1.7%; p = .43), respectively. Composite endpoint of cardiac death and MI, and patient‐oriented composite endpoint of any death, MI, and coronary revascularizations were also similar.ConclusionsThese results confirm good long‐term safety and efficacy of the studied bioresorbable polymer stent in this high‐risk patient population.
Multiple recurrences of spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a woman with fibromuscular dysplasia
Authors: Yeung Darwin F. , Saw Jacqueline 
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACTA 54‐year‐old woman with no prior coronary artery disease or cardiac risk factors was diagnosed with spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) after presenting with an acute coronary syndrome. Over the next 5 years, she experienced four more episodes of SCAD, involving different coronary artery distributions, with evidence of complete angiographic healing following conservative management with antiplatelet therapy and beta‐blockade.
Stereoselective Cascade Cyclizations with Samarium Diiodide to Tetracyclic Indolines: Precursors of Fluorostrychnines and Brucine
Authors: Beemelmanns Christine , Nitsch Dominik , Bentz Christoph , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA series of γ‐indolylketones with fluorine, cyano or alkoxy substituents at the benzene moiety was prepared and subjected to samarium diiodide‐promoted cyclization reactions. The desired dearomatizing ketyl cascade reaction forming two new rings proceeded in all cases with high diastereoselectivity, but with differing product distribution. In most cases, the desired annulated tetracyclic compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields, but as second product tetracyclic spirolactones were isolated in up to 29 % yield. The reaction rate was influenced by the substituents at the benzene moiety of the substrate as expected, with electron‐accepting groups accelerating and electron‐donating groups decelerating the cyclization process. In case of a difluoro‐substituted γ‐indolylketone a partial defluorination was observed. The intermediate samarium enolate of the tetracyclic products could be trapped by adding reactive alkylating agents as electrophiles delivering products with quarternary carbons. In the case of a dimethoxy‐substituted tetracyclic cyclization product a subsequent reductive amination stereoselectively provided a pentacyclic compound that was subsequently N‐protected and subjected to a regioselective elimination. The obtained functionalized pentacyclic product should be convertible into the alkaloid brucine by four well‐established steps. Overall, the presented report shows that functionalized tetracyclic compounds with different substituents are rapidly available with the samarium diiodide cascade cyclization as crucial step. Hence, analogues of the landmark alkaloid strychnine, for example, with specific fluorine substitutions, should be easily accessible.
Dismantling the Hyperconjugation of π‐Conjugated Phosphorus Heterocycles
Authors: Larrañaga Olatz , Romero‐Nieto Carlos , de Cózar Abel 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe development of π‐extended phosphorus heterocycles has been rapidly increasing because of their unique optoelectronics properties, which are very often considered to be a consequence of special hyperconjugative interactions. However, the latter interactions have primarily been investigated within the five‐membered species, phospholes, and they are often conceptually extrapolated to the rest of π‐extended phosphorus heterocycles (including six‐membered P‐heterocycles) despite evident structural differences. Herein, we report, for the first time, a detailed investigation that sheds light on the hyperconjugative effects of a series of phosphorus heterocyclic systems by means of EDA and NBO calculations within a DFT framework. Our results lay the foundations for the future design of π‐extended phosphorus heterocycles with improved optoelectronics properties.
E‐ and Z‐Proxamidines, Unprecedented 1,3‐Diazacyclooct‐1‐ene Alkaloids from Fruiting Bodies of Laccaria proxima
Authors: Schrey Hedda , Spiteller Peter 
Published: April 2019

AbstractFruiting bodies of Laccaria proxima were screened for the presence of new secondary metabolites by means of HPLC‐UV and LC‐HR‐(+)‐ESIMS. Thus, two isomeric alkaloids with a highly unusual core structure, E‐proxamidine and its Z‐isomer, were isolated from Laccaria proxima. The proxamidines consist of an eight‐membered heterocyclic ring system with a formamidine unit. The structures were established by 2D NMR spectroscopic methods, HR‐(+)‐ESIMS, and HR‐(+)‐ESIMS/MS. The proxamidines are probably biosynthetically derived from tryptophan, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, and S‐adenosylmethionine and the eight‐membered ring of the proxamidines is likely to be generated by a rearrangement of the tryptophan sceleton. Metabolic profiling of fruiting bodies of some other Laccaria species revealed that the proxamidines appear in significant amounts only in L. proxima making the compounds suitable as chemotaxonomic markers. E‐Proxamidine exhibits herbicidal activity against Lepidium sativum.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Metastable 2,5‐Dihydrooxepines through Retro‐Claisen Rearrangements: Method and Applications
Authors: Zhang Wei , Baudouin Emmanuel , Cordier Marie , Frison Gilles , Nay Bastien 
Published: April 2019

AbstractA one‐pot methodology to synthesize metastable bicyclic 2,5‐dihydrooxepines from cyclic 1,3‐diketones and 1,4‐dibromo‐2‐butenes through the retro‐Claisen rearrangement of syn‐2‐vinylcyclopropyl diketone intermediates is reported. DFT calculations were performed to understand the reaction selectivity and mechanisms towards [1,3]‐ or [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangements, highlighting the crucial influence of the temperature. The reaction was successfully applied to a short protecting group‐free total synthesis of radulanin A, a natural 2,5‐dihydrobenzoxepine. Moreover, the strong herbicidal potential of this natural product is demonstrated for the first time.
Infants plan prehension while pivoting
Authors: Soska Kasey C. , Rachwani Jaya , von Hofsten Claes , Adolph Karen E. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractSkilled object retrieval requires coordination of the perceptual and motor systems. Coordination is especially challenging when body position is changing and visual search is required to locate the target. In three experiments, we used a “pivot paradigm” to induce changes in body position: Participants were passively pivoted 180° toward a target placed at varied locations to the left and right of the center of a reaching board. Experiment 1 showed that 6‐ to 15‐month‐old infants (n = 41) plan prehension so quickly that they retrieve targets mid‐turn and scale their reaches to target location relative to turn direction. Experiment 2 characterized planning mid‐turn reaching in 6‐ to 8‐month‐olds (n = 5) wearing a head‐mounted eye tracker. Reach planning depended on when the target appeared in the field of view—not on target fixation. Experiment 3 used head‐mounted eye tracking and motion tracking to assess perceptual–motor coordination in adults (n = 13). Adults displayed more mid‐turn reaching than infants. But like infants, adults scaled reaching to target location relative to turn direction, and contact time depended on when the target came into view—not on target fixation. Findings show that fast, efficient perceptual–motor coordination supports flexibility in infant prehension, and constraints on coordination are similar across the lifespan.
Development of a cost‐effective single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping array for management of greater yam germplasm collections
Authors: Cormier Fabien , Mournet Pierre , Causse Sandrine , Arnau Gemma , Maledon Erick , Gomez Rose‐Marie , Pavis Claudie , Chair Hâna 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUsing genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery in greater yam (Discorea alata L.), 4,593 good quality SNPs were identified in 40 accessions. One hundred ninety six of these SNPs were selected to represent the overall dataset and used to design a competitive allele specific PCR array (KASPar). This array was validated on 141 accessions from the Tropical Plants Biological Resources Centre (CRB‐PT) and CIRAD collections that encompass worldwide D. alata diversity. Overall, 129 SNPs were successfully converted as cost‐effective genotyping tools. The results showed that the ploidy levels of accessions could be accurately estimated using this array. The rate of redundant accessions within the collections was high in agreement with the low genetic diversity of D. alata and its diversification by somatic clone selection. The overall diversity resulting from these 129 polymorphic SNPs was consistent with the findings of previously published studies. This KASPar array will be useful in collection management, ploidy level inference, while complementing accurate agro‐morphological descriptions.
Preliminary study to evaluate the phytochemicals and physiochemical properties in red and black date's vinegar
Authors: Ali Zeshan , Ma Haile , Rashid Muhammad Tayyab , Wali Asif , Younas Shoaib 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAntioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids, carotenoids, pH, and total titratable acidity of red and black date's vinegar were analyzed. The extraction method was designed and optimized for this purpose with respect to the variety and solvent concentrations along with the time of ultrasonication. The results showed that red dates' vinegar has significantly (p < 0.05) higher total phenols (3.38 ± 0.13 mg GAE/ml) and antioxidant activity as compared to black dates' vinegar, which had a higher amount of carotenoids (3.43 ± 0.11 mg/100 ml). Similarly, red dates' vinegar has more flavonoids as compared to commercially available Zhenjiang vinegar. In terms of physiochemical properties, both red and black date's vinegar were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Use of 50% and 80% methanol with 25 min of ultrasonication for extraction seemed more effective. The total phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, carotenoids, and physiochemical analysis of the red and black date's vinegar indicated that vinegar from dates (red or black dates) is a competitive product in the marketplace.
Microglia responses to interleukin‐6 and type I interferons in neuroinflammatory disease
Authors: West Phillip K. , Viengkhou Barney , Campbell Iain L. , Hofer Markus J. 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicroglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS). They are a heterogenous, exquisitely responsive, and highly plastic cell population, which enables them to perform diverse roles. They sense and respond to the local production of many different signals, including an assorted range of cytokines. Microglia respond strongly to interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and members of the type I interferon (IFN‐I) family, IFN‐alpha (IFN‐α), and IFN‐beta (IFN‐β). Although these cytokines are essential in maintaining homeostasis and for activating and regulating immune responses, their chronic production has been linked to the development of distinct human neurological diseases, termed “cerebral cytokinopathies.” IL‐6 and IFN‐α have been identified as key mediators in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory disorders including neuromyelitis optica and Aicardi‐Goutières syndrome, respectively, whereas IFN‐β has an emerging role as a causal factor in age‐associated cognitive decline. One of the key features that unites these diseases is the presence of highly reactive microglia. The current understanding is that microglia contribute to the development of cerebral cytokinopathies and represent an important therapeutic target. However, it remains to be resolved whether microglia have beneficial or detrimental effects. Here we review and discuss what is currently known about the microglial response to IL‐6 and IFN‐I, based on both animal models and clinical studies. Foundational knowledge regarding the microglial response to IL‐6 and IFN‐I is now being used to devise therapeutic strategies to ameliorate neuroinflammation and promote repair: either through targeting microglia, or by targeting the reduction of CNS levels or downstream biological pathways of IL‐6 or IFN‐I.
Numerical study of the effects of internal and external forces on the nanoparticle mixing in a ferrofluid flow
Authors: Hamdollahi Reza , Aminfar Habib , Mohammadpourfard Mousa , Jahanshaloo Leila 
Published: April 2019

AbstractMicromixers are an essential part of microfluidic devices. Numerous studies have previously discussed improving the mixing efficiency in micromixers. In the present study, the scale analysis of different forces has been done to predict their influence on the behavior of the particles. Results show that the order of the magnitude of gravitational force is lower than other forces in this study and it is not effective. Then, in the absence of the magnetic field, the effects of different forces on the mixing of magnetic nanoparticles have been studied using the one‐way coupling method. According to the numerical results, it is observed that the Brownian force is essential for the normal behavior of nanoparticles. The thermophoretic force causes the penetration of particles into pure water, but homogeneous mixing does not occur. Finally, two methods have been introduced to improve mixing, including increasing the velocity of ferrofluid and magnetic field implementation. Both approaches make particle distribution more homogeneous. Incidentally, both of the above‐mentioned factors are useful for improving the mixing process. Using them together yields more homogeneous mixing in a shorter length of the mixing channel.
Noncoding RNAs as circulating biomarkers in osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Botti Gerardo , Giordano Antonio , Feroce Florinda , De Chiara Anna Rosaria , Cantile Monica 
Published: April 2019

AbstractNoncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) identify a large family of RNAs that do not encode proteins and represent an important group of tumor biomarkers, directly involved in the process of tumor pathogenesis and progression. Many of them have also been identified in biological fluids of patients with cancer, especially blood, suggesting their role as an emerging class of circulating biomarkers. Many ncRNAs, both miRNAs and lncRNAs, are deregulated in sarcoma tissues, with the most consistent data in osteosarcomas. In patients with osteosarcoma, the role of ncRNAs as circulating biomarkers is taking enormous value, above all for their ability to vary expression levels during disease progression and in response to therapy. In this mini‐review, we summarize the main studies supporting the role of circulating ncRNAs in monitoring disease status in patients with osteosarcoma.