bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pretreatment of Coal by Acid Leaching As Feedstock Preparation For Co-Gasification With Biomass
Authors: Rizkiana J , Firdausi H N , Pranata R , Aulia G A N , Maulana S F , Wulandari W , Sasongko D 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Co-gasification process of coal and biomass is believed to be one of the promising way to produce hydrogen. The mixing of coal and biomass can solve the problems that usually happened during gasification of pure coal or pure biomass. Furthermore, the presence of synergistic effect between coal and biomass may increase the hydrogen production due to Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal (AAEM) content in the biomass. However, the synergistic effect may be hindered by the presence of silica in the coal. The present study focuses on the reduction of silica content of coal by acid leaching. Based on the result, it is found that the use of hydrofluoric acid may significantly reduce the silica content shown by the reduction of ash content in the coal. Furthermore, acid leaching process also causes the increase of surface area of the coal which may increase the possibility of AAEM attachment to the surface and thus the gas production may increase as well.
Development of integrated renewable energy system model for rural productivity zone in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Salsabila N P , Purwanto W W , Fuad M R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is a province with low electrification ratio (78.3%) and high number of underdeveloped villages (74.8%), despite its abundant renewable energy resources potential. The objective of this study is to obtain technically-economically feasible village model with integrated renewable energy system for developing productive zone, Prukades-postharvest cocoa processing, in Wewaria, NTT. The methodology used is techno-economic analysis, in which technical analysis include optimization for hybrid power generation system (HPGS), done by using HOMER Pro. Several financing schemes are proposed to evaluate the economic feasibility. Environmental comparative analysis of mitigated GHG emission is also evaluated. It is found that the HPGS consists of 95 kW photovoltaic, 78 kW wind turbine, and 200 kW diesel generator, equipped with battery storage, and the Prukades system has annual capacity of 250 tons of wet cocoa beans/year with 32.9% yield. Prukades system is economically feasible with all proposed schemes, and potential to increase annual income of cocoa farmers. On the other hand, HPGS is only economically feasible with FS-5 scheme with 100% grant as financial intervention. The economic attractiveness of both systems is relatively higher by using integrated scenario, both owned by the same business entity, resulting in 3 other schemes to be feasible.
The Extraction of Natural Dyes from Henna Leaves (Lawsonia Inermis L.) by Ultrasound-assisted Method
Authors: Qadariyah L , Azizah N , Syafa’atullah A Q , Bhuana D S , Mahfud M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
One alternative to reduce the effect of water pollution from the textile industry is to replace the use of synthetic dye with the natural one. Henna leaves are one of the natural dye sources which has lawsone, a unique substance that produces orange colour. Some commonly used conventional extractions are soxhletation and maceration. One extraction method that is tried to be developed in this study is the Ultrasound-assisted Extraction. The effects of feed ratio to solvent, time, temperature and solvent types were investigated and discussed in this study. The highest yield from the extraction of Henna leaves was found to be 17.96% which was achieved at pH 1 with the extraction time of 10 minutes, feed/solvent ratio of 0.02, and aquadest solvent. Based on the both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the extracted colour, the ultrasound assisted method was found to be more effective and efficient than the soxhletation method.
Hydrate formation calculation in the natural gas purification unit
Authors: Prajaka J A , Himawan J , Affandy S A , Sutikno J P , Handogo R 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Common problem in natural gas purification is Hydrate Formation. Hydrate is a solid – ice – like crystals in which gas molecules are trapped in the structure of solid water and causing problems especially clogging in the pipe line. Hydrate Formation usually happens at Dew Point Control Unit (DPCU) where the temperature is lowered to separate natural gas with heavy fraction by using Joule – Thomson effect. This paper aims to predict the Hydrate Formation Temperature at certain pressure by using some of HFT calculation methods. Kartz, Towler, Bahadori, and New Correlation are used to predict the Hydrate Formation Temperature with the pressure range of 700 – 2200 kPa. The obtained temperatures forming the gas at pressure of 700 kPa using Kartz, Towler, New Correlation, and Bahadori Calculation respectively are 274.26 K, 274.92 K, 275.02 K, and 275.2 K with Dew T at pressure of 700 kPa is 279.06 K, that means the Dew Point temperature is higher than the HFT, while at pressure 2200 kPa the temperature of Hydrate Formation respectively are 283.15 K, 283.46 K, 283.54 K, and 283.7 K with Dew T at pressure of 2200 kPa is 299.75 K, that means the Dew Point temperature is higher than the HFT.
Adsorption Capacity and Isotherm of Methylene Blue Removal in Aqueous Solution onto Regenerated Activated Carbon
Authors: Cundari L , Utari A N , Septikarini M 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Adsorption is one of the potential ways to removal of methylene blue in aqueous solution. The adsorbent used in the adsorption process is the activated carbon of betel nuts that produced from regeneration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regeneration method to capacity and isotherm adsorption. The research occurs in a batch with three various regeneration conditions that is chemical, physical, and chemical-physical. In chemical, activated carbon is regenerated with HCl with various concentrations of 5 N, 6 N, and 7N. In physical, activated carbon is regenerated by heating it at temperatures of 160°C, 175°C, and 190°C. In chemical-physical regeneration, the condition is combination of the two. The concentration of methylene blue was analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-visible). The result showed the best regeneration conditions occur in chemical-physical regeneration with HCl concentration of 7 N, temperature of 190°C, and contact time of 25 minutes with an adsorption capacity on the surface is 3.57 mg/g and efficiency of 98.98%. Adsorption isotherm of removal methylene blue onto regenerated of betel nuts activated carbon follows the Langmuir model with regression value 1 (R2 = 1).
Utilization of plastic waste with mix plastic softening agregate method as performance of stability and quality asphalt concrete
Authors: Hendrianie N , Juliastuti S R , Darmawan R , Widjonarko  , Aini F I N , Hakim M L 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
To increase sidewalks in Indonesia there are several things that must be considered, such as aggregate quality, implementation methods and asphalt quality. The amount of waste plastic waste in Indonesia at this time and in the years to come, can be reprocessed, one of them is by using it as an additive in the technique of making asphalt concrete. It is expected that a complex problem related to the amount of plastic waste piles can be turned into an opportunity to build the acceleration and quality of concrete asphalt roads in Indonesia. The method used for this research is the wet process, which is the direct method of mixing plastic material into asphalt which is heated at temperature according to Tait’s parameters, then added aggregate. The optimum asphalt used in this study was 5.7%. The variables used are 5%, 7%, and 9% of the plastic for substitution at the optimum level of asphalt used. Plastic variable added 100% high density polyethylene (HDPE) plastic, 100% polypropylene (PP), HDPE: PP and mixture (50:50), then Marshall Test. The best results were obtained by adding 9% plastic mixture variable with HDPE: PP ratio (1:1) resulting in an increase of 179% MQ then normal asphalt.
Activated Carbons from Palm Kernels Shells Prepared by Physical and Chemical Activation for Copper Removal from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Asnawi T M , Husin H , Adisalamun A , Rinaldi W , Zaki M , Hasfita F 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Preparation and evaluation of activated carbon from the palm kernel shell (PKS), an abundant agricultural residue, by physical and chemical activation were carried out. The activation treatment of adsorbent with and without chemicals modification was evaluated. The physical activation using nitrogen gas and chemical treatment using 10 wt.% of sodium hydroxide and nitrogen gas as the activating agent. This study evaluated the activation temperature and nitrogen gas rate. The results showed that activated carbon treated with NaOH followed by heating under nitrogen gas had the highest iodine number of 1062.8 mg/g and methylene-blue number of 247.2 mg/g (heating at 750 °C, nitrogen gas flow rate of 100 mL/min). The equilibrium data obtained at various initial concentration reasonably fit well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption of Cu(II) ions fit with the Langmuir isotherm pattern with adsorption capacity (Xm) of 8.9445 mg/g and kf value of 0.16802 L/mg for activated carbon without NaOH treatment. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon with NaOH and heating at 750 °C under nitrogen gas was obtained 12.0773 mg/g and kf value of 0.15076 L/mg. Those results suggested the prepared adsorbent could be considered as a promising candidate for Cu(II) ions for wastewater treatment.
Treatment of Oily Wastewaters from Tanjung Perak Port by Electrocoagulation Using Aluminum Electrodes
Authors: Soeprijanto S , Nury D F , Pudjiastuti L 
Published: June 2019

AbstractElectrocoagulation is electrochemical water and wastewater treatment technology that is the easiest technology using an electrochemical cell supplied by DC power to the electrodes. The application of the electrocoagulation process was purposed to treat oily bilge water. The results indicated that the oil removal efficiency was achieved approximately 99.62% at an initial oil concentration of 60 g/l in batch processes. The current density of 62.5 mA/cm2applied the process produced oil removal efficiency of 99.95%.In a continuous mode with the initial water only present in the reactor, the oil removal efficiency was achieved approximately 100% with a hydraulic residence time (HRT-1) of 6 h for 60 min of operations. However, the initial oil/water emulsion at a concentration of 63.89 g/l present in the reactor, the oil removal efficiency was approximately 73.33% with HRT-1 of 6 h for 90 h of operations.
Drought decreases cooperative sentinel behavior and affects vocal coordination in meerkats
Authors: Rauber Ramona , Clutton-Brock Tim H , Manser Marta B 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Cooperative breeding often evolved in harsh and arid habitats characterized by high levels of environmental uncertainty. Most forms of cooperative behavior have energetic costs and previous studies have shown that the contributions of individuals to alloparental provisioning are conditional on their food intake. However, the effect of naturally occurring, extreme environmental conditions on the persistence of costly forms of cooperative behaviors and their coordination by communication remain unknown. Here, we show that in meerkats (Suricata suricatta) the probability to act as sentinel, a cooperative vigilance behavior, was the same for typically occurring dry and wet conditions, but significantly reduced during a drought condition with almost no rain, especially in young individuals, members of small groups and groups with pups. The duration an individual stayed on sentinel guard, however, was most reduced during dry conditions. Besides reductions in sentinel behavior, the vocal coordination of foraging meerkats differed when comparing drought and wet conditions. Individuals responded more strongly to playbacks of sentinel “all-clear” calls and close calls, resulting in less vigilance and more foraging behavior during the drought condition. We conclude that while meerkats are adapted to commonly occurring dry periods with low rainfall, the extreme drought period with almost no rain, led to a decrease of the frequency of costly forms of cooperative behaviors in favor of behaviors that maximize direct fitness benefits and also affected the vocal coordination among group members.
Interleaving Motor Sequence Training With High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Facilitates Consolidation
Authors: Rumpf Jost-Julian , May Luca , Fricke Christopher , Classen Joseph , Hartwigsen Gesa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe acquisition of novel motor skills is a fundamental process of lifelong learning and crucial for everyday behavior. Performance gains acquired by training undergo a transition from an initially labile state to a state that is progressively robust towards interference, a phenomenon referred to as motor consolidation. Previous work has demonstrated that the primary motor cortex (M1) is a neural key region for motor consolidation. However, it remains unknown whether physiological processes underlying posttraining motor consolidation in M1 are active already during an ongoing training phase or only after completion of the training. We examined whether 10-Hz interleaved repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (i-rTMS) of M1 during rest periods between active motor training in an explicit motor learning task affects posttraining offline consolidation. Relative to i-rTMS to the vertex (control region), i-rTMS to the M1hand area of the nondominant hand facilitated posttraining consolidation assessed 6 h after training without affecting training performance. This facilitatory effect generalized to delayed performance of the mirror-symmetric sequence with the untrained (dominant) hand. These findings indicate that posttraining consolidation can be facilitated independently from training-induced performance increments and suggest that consolidation is initiated already during offline processing in short rest periods between active training phases.
PDK1 Regulates Transition Period of Apical Progenitors to Basal Progenitors by Controlling Asymmetric Cell Division
Authors: Han Xiaoning , Wei Yongjie , Wu Xiaojing , Gao Jun , Yang Zhongzhou , Zhao Chunjie 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe six-layered neocortex consists of diverse neuron subtypes. Deeper-layer neurons originate from apical progenitors (APs), while upper-layer neurons are mainly produced by basal progenitors (BPs), which are derivatives of APs. As development proceeds, an AP generates two daughter cells that comprise an AP and a deeper-layer neuron or a BP. How the transition of APs to BPs is spatiotemporally regulated is a fundamental question. Here, we report that conditional deletion of phoshpoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in mouse developing cortex achieved by crossing Emx1Cre line with Pdk1fl/fl leads to a delayed transition of APs to BPs and subsequently causes an increased output of deeper-layer neurons. We demonstrate that PDK1 is involved in the modulation of the aPKC-Par3 complex and further regulates the asymmetric cell division (ACD). We also find Hes1, a downstream effecter of Notch signal pathway is obviously upregulated. Knockdown of Hes1 or treatment with Notch signal inhibitor DAPT recovers the ACD defect in the Pdk1 cKO. Thus, we have identified a novel function of PDK1 in controlling the transition of APs to BPs.
Predicting 30-Day Readmission Rate in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Performance of LACE Index
Authors: George Lauren A , Martin Brendan , Gupta Neil , Shastri Nikhil , Venu Mukund , Naik Amar S 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsReadmission within 30 days in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients increases treatment costs and serves as a quality indicator. The LACE (Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Charlson comorbidity index, Emergency Department visits in past 6 months) index is used to predict the risk of unplanned readmission within 30 days. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of using the LACE index in IBD.MethodsCalculation of LACE index was done prospectively for IBD patients admitted to a single tertiary care center. Patient, disease, and treatment characteristics, as well as index hospitalization characteristics including indication for admission and disease activity measures were retrospectively recorded. Descriptive statistics and univariable exact logistic regression analyses were performed.ResultsIn total, 64 IBD patients were admitted during the study period. The 30-day readmission rate of IBD patients was 19% and overall median LACE index was 6, with IQR 6–7. LACE index categorized 16% of IBD patients in low-risk group, 82% in moderate risk group, and 2% in high-risk group. LACE index did not predict 30-day readmission (OR 1.35, CI: 0.88–2.18, P = 0.19). There was no significant difference in 30-day readmission rates with inpatient antibiotic or narcotic use, admission C-reactive protein (CRP), anemia, IBD duration, maintenance therapy, or prior IBD operation. For every 1 day increase in length of stay (LOS), patients were 8% more likely (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.00–1.16) to be readmitted within 30 days (P = .05).ConclusionsLACE index does not accurately identify 30-day readmission risk in the IBD population. As increased LOS is associated with higher risk, there may be benefit for targeted strategic resource allocation via specialized services.
Does Gender Top Family Ties? Within-Couple and between-Sibling Sharing of Elderly Care
Authors: Luppi Matteo , Nazio Tiziana 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMost elderly care continues to be delivered informally within families. Yet we still lack a thorough understanding of how care responsibilities are shared across both family ties and generations. We explore the gender dimension of caregiving in the distribution of elderly care between couple members (care provided to parents and parents-in-law and to children or grandchildren) and its associations with siblings' sex composition in a range of European countries. Using SHARE data and multinomial multilevel models, we test how responsibility for elderly care is shared across children and mediated by their partners and their siblings' sex composition as well as how it is combined with other downward care responsibilities, towards children and grandchildren. Results confirm the very gendered nature of elderly care. But who do men shift elderly care responsibilities to? We find that elderly care is more likely shifted to sisters than brothers, especially when caregiving becomes intense. We also find that the lower contribution by sons does not seem to prompt transfers of care responsibilities to their female partners within couples. Finally, although upward and downward caring responsibilities might compete, we find that individuals who are more inclined to provide care tend to do so in both directions.
Fecal microbiota of captive Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus
Authors: Suzuki Akihiko , Ueda Keiichi , Segawa Takao , Suzuki Miwa 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT
Herbivorous animals have unique intestinal microbiota that greatly helps with plant digestion in the host; however, knowledge on the microbiota of marine herbivores is limited. To better understand the taxonomy of intestinal microbiota in manatees, and the possible effects of captive conditions on that, we characterized the fecal microbiota of captive Antillean manatee Trichechus manatus manatus and compared the bacterial community with that of wild Florida manatees Trichechus manatus latirostris. Fecal samples were collected from four captive Antillean manatees in Ocean Expo Park, Okinawa, Japan. The high-quality sequences of the V3–V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA obtained using an Illumina MiSeq platform were assigned to 16 bacterial phyla, and the most dominant was Firmicutes (84.05 ± 3.50%), followed by Bacteroidetes (8.60 ± 1.71%). Seven of the top 20 bacterial genera were responsible for hydrolyzing cellulose and metabolizing bile acid. The microbiota composition was remarkably different from that found in wild Florida manatees and more diverse than the composition in wild Florida manatees; hence, this result may be dependent on a captive environment. Our results highlight the unique intestinal microbiota in captive manatees, reflecting their diet and possibly an impact of the captive environment.
Evolution of heat flow, hydrothermal circulation and permeability on the young southern flank of the Costa Rica Rift
Authors: Kolandaivelu Kannikha Parameswari , Harris Robert N , Lowell Robert P , Robinson Adam H , Wilson Dean J , Hobbs Richard W 
Published: June 2019

SUMMARYWe analyse 67 new conductive heat-flow measurements on the southern flank of the Costa Rica Rift (CRR). Heat-flow measurements cover five sites ranging in oceanic crustal age between approximately 1.6 and 5.7 Ma, and are co-located with a high-resolution multichannel seismic line that extends from slightly north of the first heat-flow site (1.6 Ma) to beyond ODP Hole 504B in 6.9 Ma crust. For the five heat-flow sites, the mean observed conductive heat flow is ≈85 mW m−2. This value is approximately 30 per cent of the mean lithospheric heat flux expected from a half-space conductive cooling model, indicating that hydrothermal processes account for about 70 per cent of the heat loss. The advective heat loss fraction varies from site to site and is explained by a combination of outcrop to outcrop circulation through exposed basement outcrops and discharge through faults. Supercritical convection in Layer 2A extrusives occurs between 1.6 and 3.5 Ma, and flow through a thinly sedimented basement high occurs at 4.6 Ma. Advective heat loss diminishes rapidly between ≈4.5 and ≈5.7 Ma, which contrasts with plate cooling reference models that predict a significant deficit in conductive heat flow up to ages ≈65 ± 10 Ma. At ≈5.7 Ma the CRR topography is buried under sediment with an average thickness of ≈150 m, and hydrothermal circulation in the basement becomes subcritical or perhaps marginally critical. The absence of significant advective heat loss at ≈5.7 Ma at the CRR is thus a function of both burial of basement exposure under the sediment load and a reduction in basement permeability that possibly occurs as a result of mineral precipitation and original permeability at the time of formation. Permeability is a non-monotonic function of age along the southern flank of the CRR, in general agreement with seismic velocity tomography interpretations that reflect variations in the degree of ridge-axis magma supply and tectonic extension. Hydrothermal circulation in the young oceanic crust at the southern flank of CRR is affected by the interplay and complex interconnectedness of variations in permeability, sediment thickness, topographical structure, and tectonic and magmatic activities with age.