bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NEW EVIDENCE FOR POLITICAL HIERARCHY AND POWER IN THE NORTHERN MAYA LOWLANDS (a.d.600–1000)
Authors: Graña-Behrens Daniel 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThis paper presents new evidence for hierarchy and power among the Classic Maya (a.d.300–1000) from the northern lowlands. It expands the list of identified emblem glyphs, and, more particularly, focuses on emblems with numerals by questioning their meaning and function in terms of political organization. Furthermore, the paper centers on syntax, especially on the practice of structuring personal names and titles in order to isolate titles and emblem glyphs, as well as to rank individuals and further advance our understanding of ancient Maya political organization. Finally, a dynastic sequence of rulers and noblemen from the Chan or Kan kingdom (most probably Jaina) is proposed, as well as divergent monumental traditions within the northern region and a re-evaluation of interpolity relationships.
Evaluation of alkylresorcinols in adipose tissue biopsies as a long-term biomarker of whole-grain wheat and rye intake in free-living Swedish men and women
Authors: Wu Huaxing , Mhd Omar Nor Adila , Håkansson Niclas , Wolk Alicja , Michaëlsson Karl , Landberg Rikard 
Published: March 2018

AbstractObjectiveWheat and rye, the most consumed whole grains (WG) in the Nordic countries, contain alkylresorcinols (AR) in their bran. AR concentrations in human adipose tissue might reflect long-term WG rye and wheat intake. We aimed to evaluate AR concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies as a long-term biomarker of WG wheat and rye intake in free-living Swedish men and women.DesignCross-sectional study. AR concentrations in adipose tissue biopsies were analysed and compared with long-term WG intake assessed by three FFQ (repeated over a period of 14 years in men, 17 years in women) and with plasma AR concentrations.SettingThe Cohort of Swedish Men between 1997 and 2010 and the Swedish Mammography Cohort between 1987 and 2003, Sweden.SubjectsMen (n149) and women (n109).ResultsLong-term WG rye intake estimated with repeated FFQ correlated (r=0·31–0·41,P<0·01) with adipose-tissue AR concentrations, while WG wheat intake correlated only weakly (r=0·17–0·33,P<0·05). Total AR concentration in adipose tissue was 61 % lower in women than in men at similar energy-adjusted WG wheat and rye intakes, but plasma concentrations were similar. AR concentrations in adipose tissue correlated well with plasma concentrations (r=0·49–0·81,P<0·001).ConclusionsAR in adipose tissue reflected long-term WG rye but not WG wheat intake, probably due to poor precision in estimating WG wheat intake by FFQ. AR in adipose tissue appears promising as a biomarker of long-term WG rye intake but should be adjusted for sex.
Robust hedging in incomplete markets
Authors: SHEN SALLY , PELSSER ANTOON , SCHOTMAN PETER 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe considered a pension fund that needs to hedge uncertain long-term liabilities. We modeled the pension fund as a robust investor facing an incomplete market and fearing model uncertainty for the evolution of its liabilities. The robust agent is assumed to minimize the shortfall between the assets and liabilities under an endogenous worst-case scenario by means of solving a min–max robust optimization problem. When the funding ratio is low, robustness reduces the demand for risky assets. However, cherishing the hope of covering the liabilities, a substantial risk exposure is still optimal. A longer investment horizon or a higher funding ratio weakens the investor's fear of model misspecification. If the expected equity return is overestimated, the initial capital requirement for hedging can be decreased by following the robust strategy.
μManager: Open Source Software for Light Microscope Imaging
Authors: Stuurman Nico , Amdodaj Nenad , Vale Ron 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
No longer are biologists content to peer through the oculars of a microscope. Eyes have been replaced by digital cameras. Instead of manual control of microscope stages, filters and light sources, modern microscopes have become fully robotic. Image acquisition and robotic movements require computer control. With such equipment it is possible to automatically record images at multiple wavelengths, carry out time-lapse recordings of living cells using very short exposure times and low light doses, and even to record images at multiple positions (e.g. from a multi-well plate) without operator intervention. Clearly, computer control of light microscope image acquisition is making many new experimental imaging strategies possible in the biological sciences.
Low Vacuum SEMs: Latest Generation Technologies and Applications
Authors: Neijssen William , Lich Ben , Carleson Pete 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Since becoming popular more than a decade ago, low vacuum scanning electron microscopes (SEM) have continued to evolve. The latest systems offer uncompromised performance over an unprecedented range of sample chamber vacuum conditions. Instruments are now available that provide near-nanometer resolution in all vacuum modes and the ability to operate at pressures as high as 4000 Pascals (~30 Torr). Low vacuum operation eliminates much of the sample preparation required for conventional (high vacuum) SEM. Insulating samples can be imaged without conductive coatings. Wet, dirty, outgassing samples can be examined without drying and fixing. Systems can also be configured with a wide range of ancillary capabilities for imaging, analysis, and sample manipulation, including advanced secondary, backscattered, and transmitted electron detection, X-ray spectrometry, electron backscatter diffraction, and focused ion beam (FIB) manipulation. The current generation of systems combine speed, flexibility, repeatability, and ease of use, making them the ideal solution for any laboratory that must satisfy a wide range of imaging and analytical demands.
Preparation of the Yeast Pichia pastoris for Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Yount Benjamin A , Lin-Cereghino Joan , Lin-Cereghino Geoff P , Fox Marcia M 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris is a model organism for the study of autophagy and peroxisome biogenesis. Being able to look at the organism via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can yield valuable data on the morphology of the secretory pathway and many other organelles of interest. However, preparing the yeast for TEM work can be very arduous and costly. One of the reasons P. pastoris is so hard to prepare for visualization is because its cell wall is very thick and tough compared to the membrane of a mammalian cell. Thus, P. pastoris is notoriously difficult to infiltrate with fixatives, a step necessary to maintain its ultrastructure. This article outlines an efficient and cost effective way to prepare P. pastoris for TEM without the need for certain specialized equipment. With this protocol, excellent pictures can be obtained by using the buffers, KMnO4, sorbitol, and PIPES, along with glutaraldehyde. These components preserve the ultrastructure of the yeast without any apparent artifactual change in morphology.
Multi-Axial Stage for a Stereo Dissecting Microscope
Authors: Zhang Zhaojie 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
The stereo dissecting microscope is a widely used instrument for macro-structure observation and documentation. The emergence of digital imaging, along with sophisticated imaging software, makes this macro-imaging more efficient. It also makes possible certain special imaging modes that are difficult to accomplish with traditional (film) imaging, such as extended depth of focus imaging ( EDF), automatic mont aging, etc. These special imaging techniques often require dedicated hardware on the microscope, such as a motorized stage.
A Low-Cost Salt Plate Holder for Micro FT-1R
Authors: Benko James 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy is an instrumental technique for measuring the infrared spectrum of materials. Many organic compounds have characteristic spectra that can be used for their identification, and specific functional groups (hydroxyl, carbonyl. amine, etc.) have characteristic bands at certain frequencies.
Microscopes have been coupled to FT-IR instruments and allow the IR spectrum determination of single particles. This greatly increases the identification possibilities of small particles and contaminants. These particles can be mounted on sodium chloride or potassium bromide salt crystals, since these materials are transparent to infrared radiation.
Multiple Herbicide–Resistant Junglerice (Echinochloa colona): Identification of Genes Potentially Involved in Resistance through Differential Gene Expression Analysis
Authors: Wright Alice A. , Rodriguez-Carres Marianela , Sasidharan Rajkumar , Koski Liisa , Peterson Daniel G. , Nandula Vijay K. , Ray Jeffery D. , Bond Jason A. , Shaw David R. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractHerbicide resistance, and in particular multiple-herbicide resistance, poses an ever-increasing threat to food security. A biotype of junglerice [Echinochloa colona (L.) Link] with resistance to four herbicides, imazamox, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, quinclorac, and propanil, each representing a different mechanism of action, was identified in Sunflower County, MS. Dose responses were performed on the resistant biotype and a biotype sensitive to all four herbicides to determine the level of resistance. Application of a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, malathion, with the herbicides imazamox and quinclorac resulted in increased susceptibility in the resistant biotype. Differential gene expression analysis of resistant and sensitive plants revealed that 170 transcripts were upregulated in resistant plants relative to sensitive plants and 160 transcripts were upregulated in sensitive plants. In addition, 507 transcripts were only expressed in resistant plants and 562 only in sensitive plants. A subset of these transcripts were investigated further using quantitative PCR (qPCR) to compare gene expression in resistant plants with expression in additional sensitive biotypes. The qPCR analysis identified two transcripts, a kinase and a glutathione S-transferase that were significantly upregulated in resistant plants compared with the sensitive plants. A third transcript, encoding an F-box protein, was downregulated in the resistant plants relative to the sensitive plants. As no cytochrome P450s were differentially expressed between the resistant and sensitive plants, a single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis was performed, revealing several nonsynonymous point mutations of interest. These candidate genes will require further study to elucidate the resistance mechanisms present in the resistant biotype.
Isolation of diborenes and their 90°-twisted diradical congeners
Authors: Böhnke Julian , Dellermann Theresa , Celik Mehmet Ali , Krummenacher Ivo , Dewhurst Rian D. , Demeshko Serhiy , Ewing William C. , Hammond Kai , Heß Merlin , Bill Eckhard , Welz Eileen , Röhr Merle I. S. , Mitrić Roland , Engels Bernd , Meyer Franc , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMolecules containing multiple bonds between atoms—most often in the form of olefins—are ubiquitous in nature, commerce, and science, and as such have a huge impact on everyday life. Given their prominence, over the last few decades, frequent attempts have been made to perturb the structure and reactivity of multiply-bound species through bending and twisting. However, only modest success has been achieved in the quest to completely twist double bonds in order to homolytically cleave the associated π bond. Here, we present the isolation of double-bond-containing species based on boron, as well as their fully twisted diradical congeners, by the incorporation of attached groups with different electronic properties. The compounds comprise a structurally authenticated set of diamagnetic multiply-bound and diradical singly-bound congeners of the same class of compound.
Performance of all‐optical AND gate using photonic‐crystal QDSOA at 160 Gb/s
Authors: Matsumoto T. , Komatsu K. , Hosoya G. , Yashima H. 
Published: March 2018

An all‐optical AND gate using photonic‐crystal quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers is designed and its performance is evaluated. The input–output characteristics of the gate are simulated using a rate equation model and it is found that the gate can achieve a maximum of ∼9 dB extinction ratio at 160 Gb/s. The proposed gate is compared with quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers AND gate to evaluate its effectiveness with regard to signal quality, device size, and power consumption.
Synthesis, characterisation, and evaluation of core–shell Fe3O4/SiO2/polypyrrole composite nanoparticles
Authors: Li Bei , Qiao Yongsheng , An Jinhui , Shen Lazhen , Ma Qi , Guo Yong 
Published: March 2018

This work reported a facile synthetic approach to synthesise core–shell Fe3O4/SiO2/polypyrrole composite nanoparticles with the superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the inner core. The core–shell Fe3O4/SiO2/polypyrrole composite nanoparticles were prepared through a three‐step approach involving co‐precipitation for the synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Stöber method for SiO2 intermediate layer coating and solvothermal methods for polypyrrole shell. The as‐prepared nanoparticles were characterised using transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and vibration sample magnetometer. The particle size of the inner core Fe3O4 nanoparticles was found to be 15 ± 3 nm, and the thicknesses of the SiO2 shell and polypyrrole shell were ∼2.5 and ∼5 nm, respectively. From Fe3O4 nanoparticles to Fe3O4/SiO2 and then to Fe3O4/SiO2/polypyrrole composite nanoparticles, the magnetic saturation gradually decreases from 67 to 34 emu/g, then dropped to 7 emu/g. The as‐prepared Fe3O4/SiO2/polypyrrole composite nanoparticles showed potential applications in drug and gene delivery systems.
Medium term results of total knee arthroplasty as a primary treatment for knee fractures
Authors: Ebied Ayman , Zayda Ahmed , Marei Sameh , Elsayed Hany 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Successful treatment of knee comminuted periarticular fractures associated with osteoporosis and pre-existing arthritis is a challenging task.Methods: This is a prospective study on 27 patients who had comminuted intra and periarticular knee fractures and pre-existing arthritis. Fractures were classified according to Muller's AO classification. Primary knee arthroplasty was performed ± internal fixation following 4 weeks of splinting. A stem was added to the tibial tray and Legacy Constrained Condylar Knee (LCCK) or Rotating Hinge (RH) prosthesis were used depending on the level of ligament damage and bone defects. The Knee Society Score (KSS) and radiological evaluation were performed at 3, 6 and 12 months then annually thereafter.Results: The average age of this group of patients was 63 years (range 59–74). Sixteen knees received primary femoral component and Posterior Stabilized insert, while 8 had LCCK. RH implants were chosen in 2 and distal femoral replacement was necessary in one knee. Twenty five patients were available for the final review at an average 6 years in whom the KSS was 80 (range 75–89) points. All patients achieved full knee extension and average knee flexion of 110° (range 90–135°). One knee needed re-admission for early Debridement Antibiotic Irrigation and Retention (DAIR) but none of the knees was revised or awaiting revision.Conclusion: Knee arthroplasty achieves highly successful outcome when performed as a primary treatment for comminuted intra and periarticular knee fractures in elderly patients. Survival of implants and functional range of movement at midterm are excellent.
Retrospective analysis of open reduction and internal fixation of coronal plane fractures of the capitellum and trochlea using the anterolateral approach
Authors: Tanwar Yashwant Singh , Kharbanda Yatinder , Jaiswal Atin , Birla Vikas , Pandit Ramsagar 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Coronal plane distal humeral injuries are relatively rare. Numerous classification systems have been proposed as the complexity of these fractures has been realized. We in the present series of ten patients describe the surgical technique of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Coronal plane fractures of the distal humerus with headless compression screws performed using the anterolateral approach.Material and method: It was a retrospective study, the data collected from March 2010 to 2015 was analysed and the final outcome was assessed using the DASH score. Out of a total of 13 patients with distal humerus coronal plane fractures, 10 patients were available for follow up. The X-rays and CT scans were reviewed and the fractures were classified according to Dubberley and Bryan and Morrey classification. Radiographic were evaluated for presence of union or nonunion, avascular necrosis, joint line step-off (none/1-mm/>1-mm), hardware failure and instability.Results: The average age was 41 years. The average DASH score in our study was around 24. The time to union ranged between 8–12 weeks with the average time being around 10 weeks. One patient had post traumatic Arthritis radiologically classified as Broberg and Morrey Type 2 and one patient had Heterotrophic ossification Brooker Grade 1.Conclusion: Open reduction and internal fixation of coronal shear fractures of capitellum and trochlea using headless screw compression via the antero-lateral approach is a reliable treatment modality and results in stable fixation with restoration of a functional arc of motion.Level of evidence: IV
Digital replantation in forward surgical units: a cases study
Authors: Mathieu Laurent , Levadoux Michel , Landevoisin Emmanuel Soucany de , Windsor Tarun J. McBride , Rigal Sylvain 
Published: March 2018

Introduction: Noncombat-related hand injuries are common in current theatres of operations. Crushing is one of the most frequent mechanisms that may cause traumatic amputations of digits. In the military setting, management of these digital amputations is challenging regarding limitation in microsurgical means in medical treatment facilities and aeromedical evacuation delays out of the combat zone.Methods: Two cases of digital replantation performed in French forward surgical units are described. The first case was a complete distal amputation of the medius which was successfully replanted in the operating theatre of an aircraft carrier. No complication was observed after evacuation. Functional and aesthetic results were excellent. The second case was a ring finger avulsion revascularized in a role 2 facility in Central African Republic. Unfortunately, revascularization failed due to arterial thrombosis during evacuation.Results: Digital, hand or more proximal upper extremity replantation may be considered for isolated amputations due to work-related accidents within the combat zone. For a surgeon trained to microsurgery, a microsurgical set and magnification loupes enable to attempt such procedures in austere conditions.Discussion: The authors propose an algorithm of management in the field according to the type and level of amputation.
Ependymoma
Authors: Pajtler Kristian , Gerstner Elizabeth 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEpendymoma can arise throughout the whole neuraxis. In children, tumors predominantly occur intracranially, whereas the spine is the most prevalent location in adults. Significant variance in the grade II versus grade III distinction of ependymomas has led to the acknowledgment that the clinical utility of histopathological classification is limited. Epigenomic profiling efforts have identified molecularly distinct groups of ependymomas that adequately reflect the biological, clinical, and histopathological heterogeneities across anatomical compartments, age groups, and grades. The recent update of the World Health Organization classification of central nervous system tumors has already integrated one of these groups, and molecular classification will be part of future clinical trials to improve risk stratification. Clinical management of this rare disease is challenging, making professional experience and intensified multidisciplinary cooperation pivotal factors for treatment success. Novel research strategies are currently applied for target discovery in ependymomas since for most molecular groups, genetic drivers are unknown.
Emicizumab, A Bispecific Antibody to Factors IX/IXa and X/Xa, Does Not Interfere with Antithrombin or TFPI Activity In Vitro
Authors: Noguchi-Sasaki Mariko , Soeda Tetsuhiro , Ueyama Atsunori , Muto Atsushi , Hirata Michinori , Kitamura Hidetomo , Fujimoto-Ouchi Kaori , Kawabe Yoshiki , Nogami Keiji , Shima Midori , Kitazawa Takehisa 
Published: March 2018

AbstractEmicizumab is a humanized bispecific antibody that binds simultaneously to factor (F) IXa and FX replacing the cofactor function of FVIIIa. Because emicizumab recognizes FIX/FIXa and FX/FXa, a question may arise whether emicizumab competes with antithrombin (AT) and/or tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), thereby enhancing overall hemostatic potential by blocking their antihemostatic effects. To address this question, we performed enzymatic assays using purified coagulation factors to confirm whether emicizumab interferes with the action of AT on FIXa or FXa, or with the action of TFPI on FXa. In those assays, we found no interference of emicizumab on the actions of AT and TFPI. We next assessed emicizumab's influences on the anticoagulation actions of AT or TFPI in thrombin generation assays triggered with FXIa or tissue factor (TF) in AT-depleted or TFPI-depleted plasma supplemented with AT or TFPI in vitro. In those assays, we employed anti-FIXa and anti-FX monospecific one-armed antibodies derived from emicizumab instead of emicizumab itself so as to prevent emicizumab's FVIIIa cofactor activity from boosting thrombin generation. Consequently, we found that neither anti-FIXa, anti-FX monospecific antibody, nor the mixture of the two interfered with the anticoagulation actions of AT or TFPI in plasma. Although emicizumab can bind to FIXa and FXa, our results showed no interference of emicizumab with the action of AT or TFPI on FIXa or FXa. This indicates that the presence of emicizumab is irrelevant to the action of AT and TFPI, and thus should not alter the coagulant/anticoagulant balance related to AT and TFPI.
Farb-Doppler-Sonografie – Schritt für Schritt
Authors: Bönhof Leoni , Steffgen Ludwig , Bönhof Jörg 
Published: March 2018

AbstractStep by step explanation for Color-Doppler-Sonography dealing with the transducer-application and the adjustments of the system for an optimal Doppler-angle as well as the adequate setting of scale, gain, color-box and Doppler-center-frequency.