bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing knowledge through social media
Authors: Crammond Robert , Omeihe Kingsley Obi , Murray Alan , Ledger Kirstin 
Published: March 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conceptualise social media usage (SMU) as a contributory, knowledge management (KM) tool towards entrepreneurial behaviour amongst small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Although an underdeveloped concept in entrepreneurship, the conceptual analysis of KM presents evidence which links SMU as complementary to changing KM conventions.Design/methodology/approachThe pertinent KM and SMU literatures of the SME context were reviewed to form an understanding of this context. Employing a mixed-methods approach, a pragmatic, thematic investigation of SMU-enhanced KM was facilitated.FindingsSubstantial benefits of innovative SMU, as a management tool towards SME entrepreneurialism, were witnessed. SMU enhances the administration of real-time knowledge, encouraging creativity. However, longer-term costs of employing requisite personnel, and anticipated organisational restructuring, present challenges. The paper identifies the potentials of social media technologies in overcoming KM issues. The authors propose a reasoned process model towards entrepreneurial exploitation by acknowledging systematic phases of research, concept, institutionalise, develop, target and assess, referred to as the RCIDTA model.Practical implicationsThe authors argue that KM, through social media, facilitates interactions to execute innovative processes within SMEs ever-changing infrastructures. It also informs nascent entrepreneurs, in considering the benefits of systematic KM, and novel SMU, opportunities. The RCIDTA model for SMEs can be utilised in improving knowledge ecosystems of entrepreneurial SMEs, promoting innovation towards sustained organisation growth.Originality/valueThis paper embraces the growing approach of SMEs applying SMU. SMU and its cost efficiency support the start-up activity. This paper highlights central issues concerning the exploitation of sector-specific KM, including organisational strategy, structure, brand formation, fiscal and personnel resource allocation and market share.
Managing paradoxes, dilemmas, and change
Authors: Pauluzzo Rubens , Guarda Marta , De Pretto Laura , Fang Tony 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
Drawing on Fang’s (2012) Yin Yang theory of culture while taking up the roadmap proposed by Li (2016) for applying the epistemological system of Yin Yang balancing to complex issues in management research, in general, and to paradoxical issues, in particular, the purpose of this paper is to explore how organizations and individuals in the West can balance cultural paradoxes and manage culture dilemmas through the lens of Yin Yang wisdom.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on a qualitative case study. Data are gathered through interviews, documents, and field observations in four subsidiaries of an Italian insurance multinational corporation and were analyzed according to the three parameters, i.e., situation, context, and time (Fang, 2012).

Findings
The findings show how the integration and learning from seemingly opposite cultures and sets of values lead the organization and individuals to balancing cultural paradox and managing cultural dilemma effectively. With regard to situation, the authors find that both organizations and customers choose the most relevant value(s) to take advantage of specific events or circumstances, and that different value orientations can coexist. As for context, the authors show that organizations can adapt their values either through suppression and/or promotion, which can foster individuals to find new balancing within the paradox. In terms of time, the authors show that the process of learning from other cultures over time can play a role in the shift of people’s and organizations’ choices of attitudes and value orientations.

Originality/value
The paper suggests the relevance and usefulness of adopting Yin Yang wisdom to uncover the dynamic process of cultural learning in Western scenarios.
Minority shareholder participation and earnings management
Authors: Kong Dongming 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test a catering theory by examining impacts of minority shareholders’ pressures on earnings management (EM), and attempt to answer: what is the role of minority shareholders participation (MSP) in corporate governance? and does MSP serve as an external monitor to managers, or does it put excessive pressure on them?

Design/methodology/approach
Using a novel online voting data set in China’s stock market, the author constructs the measure of MSP, and regress the EM on MSP. To address the endogeneity, the author introduces propensity score matching and difference-in-difference methods, instrumental variables, and Heckman estimation to show that the results are robust to different specifications and alternative measures.

Findings
The author documents that: MSP plays limited role in external monitoring; and firms facing high MSP levels tend to manage earnings more actively. In addition, information asymmetry, proposals’ importance, managerial incentives, and CEO financial expertise significantly affect firms’ catering behaviors.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to different strands of the literature. First, the finding significantly supports the catering hypothesis from a new perspective of EM. Second, the author contributes to a hotly debated issue in corporate governance: whether minority shareholders should be granted increased participation in corporate decisions? The results also provide timely empirical evidence for government regulators who are concerned about the costs and benefits of granting minority shareholders direct control over corporate decisions.
Sustainable institutional entrepreneurship in practice
Authors: Gasbarro Federica , Rizzi Francesco , Frey Marco 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how sustainable entrepreneurs (SEs) address the regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive institutional pillars when operating in conservative contexts. It aims to study in depth the use of sustainable innovation (SI) as a means of increasing legitimacy within the institutions, thus triggering an institutional change.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper opted for an exploratory study on the Tuscan geothermal heat pumps market, which presents a promising but still largely unexploited sustainability potential despite its low institutional support, using the open-ended approach of grounded theory. The data include interviews and archive data, such as newspapers, magazines.

Findings
The paper provides empirical insights on how sustainable institutional entrepreneurs (SIEs) have developed innovative business models based on direct relationship with the final customers and strategic partnerships as a means of increasing legitimacy within the normative and cultural-cognitive institutions, and subsequently in the regulative institutions, through: innovative value propositions aimed at changing industry norms and social beliefs; increasing the private benefit of innovative sustainable business models in order to trigger imitation dynamics; inter-sector strategic partnerships sharing the same sustainability objectives; the inclusion of the relevant actors in relation to the social norms and cultural-cognitive barriers in a value proposition. On the basis of these findings a model has been developed.

Research limitations/implications
The study enriches the sustainable entrepreneurship research stream by providing empirical evidence on how SEs foster changes in the three institutional pillars with SI. It also contributes to the institutional entrepreneurship research by extending the results of previous studies regarding institutional tactics.

Practical implications
The paper could help SIEs prioritizing changes in value propositions and strategic partnerships to create market-based coalitions, as a means of institutional legitimization for SI.

Originality/value
The study illustrates the relationship between the sustainable institutional entrepreneurial practices and each institutional pillar, including the cultural-cognitive institutions, which have been neglected in previous research. This allows formulating five key propositions that guide SEs in succeeding as both sustainable and institutional entrepreneurs.
Capital market offenses in Malaysia
Authors: Kan Yoke Yue 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to review and evaluate the salient features of stock market manipulation in Malaysia. The research questions used are: Who was involved? How it happened? What were the consequences?

Design/methodology/approach
This study has been conducted using content and thematic analysis. This study includes multiple sources of information to help establish the stylized facts and it uses cases that have been prosecuted in Malaysia for 2005-2015.

Findings
This study presents arguments and empirical data supporting the view that the stock market manipulation was conducted by those in a privileged position and with access to information. Ethical failure, involving greed, self-interest, dishonesty and a preoccupation with a quick profit, could explain why stock market manipulation happened. Manipulation harms legitimate investors, as share prices and earnings of companies are affected.

Practical implications
A better understanding about the prevalence, characteristics and consequences of the market manipulation problems will be useful for stakeholders, investors and policymakers in the financial industry for promoting and maintaining a fair, efficient and transparent stock market.

Originality/value
The originality of this paper lies in examining and presenting interpretations based on contemporary phenomenon within the real-life context of Malaysia. There is little study or literature that focuses on Malaysia, especially in examining stock market manipulation by integrating finance and management perspectives to form a comprehensive understanding of the issue.
Investment decision behaviour of the Malaysian retail investors and fund managers
Authors: Jaiyeoba Haruna Babatunde , Adewale Abideen Adeyemi , Haron Razali , Che Ismail Che Muhamad Hafiz 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the Malaysian retail investors and fund managers’ investment decision behaviours. The study offers an important opportunity for understanding the investors’ experiences, how they understand the Malaysian economy and their priorities for company selection. Other main aspects of this study are how investors mitigate the influence of emotions and psychological biases and challenges faced during investment decisions.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers have mainly adopted an interpretivist approach for the present study. Qualitative data elicited through semi-structured interviews conducted with four retail investors and four fund managers were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis.

Findings
The results reveal that the investment decision processes of fund managers are more comprehensive than those of retail investors. Although both fund managers and retail investors acknowledge the influence of psychological biases on their investment decisions, the former use different and comprehensive approaches to mitigate such influences during investment decisions compared with the latter. Other important findings are how investors understand the Malaysian economy, their priorities for company selection and challenges faced during investment decisions.

Research limitations/implications
The researchers have interviewed eight carefully selected interviewees across retail investors and fund managers divide. Adopting other grouping criteria, focus group discussion with more respondents or adopting a mixed-methods approach may increase our understanding of the investment decision behaviours of Malaysian retail investors and fund managers.

Practical implications
This study could be used as a guide by both retail investors and fund managers when making investment decisions.

Originality/value
This research has included both retail investors and fund managers; it has also increased literature on investment decision and behavioural finance, particularly in the context of Malaysian investors and managers.
Can subaltern professors speak?: examining micro-aggressions and lack of inclusion in the academy
Authors: Orelus Pierre W. 
Published: March 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight various ways in which micro-aggressions and other forms of institutional oppression have affected subaltern professors and students in the academy.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative case study draws from testimonios collected from fall 2010 to spring 2016. Six testimonios are incorporated in the study, and they stem from a various set of data. These testimonios show patterns across data set regarding systemic oppression subaltern that professors have experienced in the academy.

Findings
As the findings of this study show, subaltern professors face intersecting forms of discrimination – often race, language, accent, gender, and class based – in predominantly white institutions. Their testimonios unravel the complexity of the professional, academic, and personal lives of these professors highlighting their professional achievements and successes. Their testimonios demonstrate at the same time the ways in which various forms of oppression might have limited their life chances and opportunities.

Research limitations/implications
Suggestions are made as to how social justice educators and policy makers can collectively challenge and eradicate these social wrongs.

Originality/value
This paper is an original take on both micro-aggressions and institutional oppression affecting subaltern professors and students.
β-Lactam Combinations with Vancomycin Show Synergistic Activity against Vancomycin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Intermediate S. aureus (VISA), and Heterogeneous VISA
Authors: Tran Nikki , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Increasing utilization of vancomycin due to the high prevalence of methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infections has led to the emergence of vancomycin-intermediate
S. aureus
(VISA) and heterogeneous VISA (hVISA) strains.
In vitro
data suggest the potential for potent synergy between several beta-lactams and vancomycin. The objective of this study is to evaluate the synergy between beta-lactams and vancomycin against MRSA that is vancomycin susceptible, vancomycin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
(VSSA), hVISA, and VISA. Fifty randomly selected clinical MRSA strains with various susceptibility levels to vancomycin were evaluated for vancomycin alone and vancomycin in combination with various concentrations of cefazolin (CFZ), cefepime (FEP), ceftaroline (CPT), and nafcillin (NAF). The potential for synergy was assessed by 24-h time-kill studies. Beta-lactams reduced vancomycin MIC values against all strains (4- to 16-fold reduction). In time-kill studies against MRSA, CFZ, FEP, CPT, and NAF all demonstrated similar degrees of killing at 24 h, and all showed synergistic activity with vancomycin against VSSA, hVISA, and VISA. Each of these combinations was also superior to any single agent against isolates of all three phenotypes, and each was bactericidal (
P
< 0.001 for all comparisons). All single-agent exposures demonstrated no activity at 24 h. The combination of vancomycin and beta-lactams significantly improved antibacterial activity against VSSA, hVISA, and VISA strains compared to the activity of any agent alone, supporting the potential use of vancomycin–beta-lactam combination therapy in infections caused by MRSA. Further clinical research is warranted to investigate the synergy of vancomycin against these
Staphylococcus
strains.
Esx Paralogs Are Functionally Equivalent to ESX-1 Proteins but Are Dispensable for Virulence in Mycobacterium marinum
Authors: Bosserman Rachel E. , Thompson Cristal Reyna , Nicholson Kathleen R. , Champion Patricia A. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium marinum
is a nontuberculous pathogen of poikilothermic fish and an opportunistic human pathogen. Like tuberculous mycobacteria, the
M. marinum
M strain requires the ESX-1 (ESAT-6 system 1) secretion system for virulence in host cells. EsxB and EsxA, two major virulence factors exported by the ESX-1 system, are encoded by the
esxBA
genes within the ESX-1 locus. Deletion of the
esxBA
genes abrogates ESX-1 export and attenuates
M. marinum
in
ex vivo
and
in vivo
models of infection. Interestingly, there are several duplications of the
esxB
and
esxA
genes (
esxB_1
,
esxB_2
,
esxA_1
,
esxA_2
, and
esxA_3
) in the
M. marinum
M genome located outside the ESX-1 locus. We sought to understand if this region, known as ESX-6, contributes to ESX-1-mediated virulence. We found that deletion of the
esxB
_
1
gene alone or the entire ESX-6 locus did not impact ESX-1 export or function, supporting the idea that the
esxBA
genes present at the ESX-1 locus are the primary contributors to ESX-1-mediated virulence. Nevertheless, overexpression of the
esxB_1
locus complemented ESX-1 function in the Δ
esxBA
strain, signifying that the two loci are functionally equivalent. Our findings raise questions about why duplicate versions of the
esxBA
genes are maintained in the
M. marinum
M genome and how these proteins, which are functionally equivalent to virulence factors, contribute to mycobacterial biology.

IMPORTANCE
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
is the causative agent of the human disease tuberculosis (TB). There are 10.4 million cases and 1.7 million TB-associated deaths annually, making TB a leading cause of death globally. Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) cause chronic human infections that are acquired from the environment. Despite differences in disease etiology, both tuberculous and NTM pathogens use the ESX-1 secretion system to cause disease. The nontubercular mycobacterial species,
Mycobacterium marinum
, has additional copies of specific ESX-1 genes. Our findings demonstrate that the duplicated genes do not contribute to virulence but can substitute for virulence factors in
M. marinum
. These findings suggest that the duplicated genes may play a specific role in NTM biology.
In Vitro
Culture of the Insect Endosymbiont
Spiroplasma poulsonii
Highlights Bacterial Genes Involved in Host-Symbiont Interaction
Authors: Masson Florent , Calderon Copete Sandra , Schüpfer Fanny , Garcia-Arraez Gonzalo , Lemaitre Bruno 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Endosymbiotic bacteria associated with eukaryotic hosts are omnipresent in nature, particularly in insects. Studying the bacterial side of host-symbiont interactions is, however, often limited by the unculturability and genetic intractability of the symbionts.
Spiroplasma poulsonii
is a maternally transmitted bacterial endosymbiont that is naturally associated with several
Drosophila
species.
S. poulsonii
strongly affects its host’s physiology, for example by causing male killing or by protecting it against various parasites. Despite intense work on this model since the 1950s, attempts to cultivate endosymbiotic
Spiroplasma in vitro
have failed so far. Here, we developed a method to sustain the
in vitro
culture of
S. poulsonii
by optimizing a commercially accessible medium. We also provide a complete genome assembly, including the first sequence of a natural plasmid of an endosymbiotic
Spiroplasma
species. Last, by comparing the transcriptome of the
in vitro
culture to the transcriptome of bacteria extracted from the host, we identified genes putatively involved in host-symbiont interactions. This work provides new opportunities to study the physiology of endosymbiotic
Spiroplasma
and paves the way to dissect insect-endosymbiont interactions with two genetically tractable partners.

IMPORTANCE
The discovery of insect bacterial endosymbionts (maternally transmitted bacteria) has revolutionized the study of insects, suggesting novel strategies for their control. Most endosymbionts are strongly dependent on their host to survive, making them uncultivable in artificial systems and genetically intractable.
Spiroplasma poulsonii
is an endosymbiont of
Drosophila
that affects host metabolism, reproduction, and defense against parasites. By providing the first reliable culture medium that allows a long-lasting
in vitro
culture of
Spiroplasma
and by elucidating its complete genome, this work lays the foundation for the development of genetic engineering tools to dissect endosymbiosis with two partners amenable to molecular study. Furthermore, the optimization method that we describe can be used on other yet uncultivable symbionts, opening new technical opportunities in the field of host-microbes interactions.
Nutrient-Dependent Impact of Microbes onDrosophila suzukiiDevelopment
Authors: Bing XiaoLi , Gerlach Joseph , Loeb Gregory , Buchon Nicolas 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACTDrosophila suzukiiMatsumura is an invasive species of vinegar fly that has become a prominent pest of berries and other soft-skinned fruits. Unlike most otherDrosophilaspecies, femaleD. suzukiiflies lay their eggs in ripening and ripe fruits and larvae develop within the fruit. To understand howD. suzukiilarvae utilize ripe and ripening fruits, which usually have low levels of protein, we investigated the microbiota of field-captured and laboratory-rearedD. suzukiiflies and further examined the combined influence of diet and microbes on host fitness. Field-captured flies were associated with diverse microbiota, which varied significantly with sampling location and season. In contrast, laboratory-reared flies possessed strikingly lower bacterial abundance and diversity. A comparison of conventionally reared (CR) and germ-free (GF) flies revealed that the microbiota ofD. suzukiidoes not alter its development significantly but decreases its life span under conditions of a nutrient-sufficient diet. However, the microbiota is essential forD. suzukiidevelopment on strawberry-based or blueberry-based fruit diets. This developmental failure could be rescued by reassociation with single bacterial or fungal species or by the addition of a high quantity of heat-killed microbes. In addition, we found that proteins are limiting with respect to fly development on fruit-based diets and that GF flies show signs of protein starvation. Taken together, our study results demonstrate that the microbiota provides key proteins required for the development ofD. suzukiireared on fresh fruit. Our work shows that the impact of microbes on fly fitness depends strongly on nutritional conditions.IMPORTANCEAnimals are commonly associated with specific microbes, which play important roles in host development and fitness. However, little information about the function of microbes has been available for the important invasive pestDrosophila suzukii, also known as Spotted wing drosophila. Our study results demonstrate that the abundance and structure of microbiota inD. suzukiiare strongly affected by the environment, where microbes have variable roles depending on the nutritional situation. For instance, we found that the presence of microbes is deleterious for flies growing on a protein-rich diet and yet is beneficial for flies growing on a diet of protein-poor fruits. Additionally, germ-free flies must feed on microbes to obtain the necessary protein for larval development on strawberries and blueberries. Our report validates the complexity seen in host-microbe interactions and may provide information useful forD. suzukiipest control.