bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Custom Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters for Distinguishing Papilledema from Pseudopapilledema
Authors: Pardon Laura P. , Cheng Han , Tang Rosa A. , Saenz Roberto , Frishman Laura J. , Patel Nimesh B. 
Published: July 2019

SIGNIFICANCE
Causes of papilledema can be life-threatening; however, distinguishing papilledema from pseudopapilledema is often challenging. The conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan for assessing the optic nerve often fails to detect mild papilledema. Our study suggests that parameters derived from volumetric OCT scans can provide additional useful information for detecting papilledema.

PURPOSE
Optical coherence tomography analysis of the optic nerve commonly measures retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) along a 1.73-mm-radius scan path. This conventional scan, however, often fails to detect mild papilledema. The purpose of this study was to evaluate additional OCT-derived measures of the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary retina for differentiating papilledema (all grades and mild) from pseudopapilledema.

METHODS
Cirrus OCT ONH volume scans were acquired from 21 papilledema (15 mild papilledema), 27 pseudopapilledema, and 42 control subjects. Raw scan data were exported, and total retinal thickness within Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO) plus RNFLT and total retinal thickness at the following eccentricities were calculated using custom algorithms: BMO to 250, 250 to 500, 500 to 1000, and 1000 to 1500 μm. Minimum rim width was calculated, and BMO height was measured from a 4-mm Bruch’s membrane reference plane centered on the BMO.

RESULTS
Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness from BMO to 250 μm, minimum rim width, and BMO height had significantly greater areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve than did conventional RNFLT for differentiating mild papilledema from pseudopapilledema (P < .0001) and greater sensitivities at 95% specificity. Using cutoff values at 95% specificity, custom parameters detected 10 mild papilledema patients, and conventional RNFLT detected only 1. Bruch’s membrane opening heights above the reference plane were observed in papilledema only, although many papilledema cases had a neutral or negative BMO height.

CONCLUSIONS
Using OCT volumetric data, additional parameters describing peripapillary tissue thickness, neuroretinal rim thickness, and ONH position can be calculated and provide valuable measures for differentiating mild papilledema from pseudopapilledema.
Workplace Homicides in Northern Tunisia
Authors: Ben Khelil Mehdi , Belghith Meyssa , Chraiti Ahmed , Gharbaoui Meriem , Laadhari Nizar , Hamdoun Moncef 
Published: July 2019

Background
Death in workplaces remains a public health issue. However, data regarding workplace homicides are scarce in most of regions, especially in the Arab world. The aim of our study was to analyze the epidemiological features of workplace homicides in northern Tunisia.

Materials and Methods
This is a descriptive study with retrospective data collection over a 15-year period (January 2003 to December 2017).

Results
We recorded 50 workplace homicide cases. Sex ratio was 49:1 (male/female). The mean age was 41.6 ± 15.13 years. Occupations the most at risk were security guards (odds ratio, 8.25; 95% confidence interval, 4.28–15.91; P < 0.0001) and taxi drivers (odds ratio, 5.61; 95% confidence interval, 2.39–13.18; P < 0.00001). The motive of the aggression was either interpersonal conflict or robbery (47.9% and 43.8%, respectively). Victims working as security guards or taxi drivers were most frequently assaulted by an unknown perpetrator, the motive being robbery. Death was most frequently secondary to blunt trauma (n = 20) or stab wounds (n = 15).

Conclusions
Workplace homicides represent a substantial phenomenon in Tunisia. The application of prevention measures is required based on improving environmental measures targeting, in priority, security guards and taxi drivers.
Validation of an Assessment Instrument for Pediatric Basic Life Support
Authors: Binkhorst Mathijs , Hogeveen Marije , Benthem Yvet , van de Pol Eva M. , van Heijst Arno F. J. , Draaisma Jos M. Th. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives
To develop a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of pediatric basic life support (PBLS).

Methods
An assessment instrument for PBLS was developed, based on 3 existing scoring systems and the European Resuscitation Council PBLS guideline. We tested if experienced PBLS instructors performed better than medical students on a standard PBLS examination on a low-fidelity pediatric manikin (construct validity). To pass the examination, 15 penalty points or less were required. The examinations were videotaped. One researcher assessed all videos once, and approximately half of them twice (intrarater reliability). A second researcher independently assessed part of the videos (interrater reliability). The time needed to assess 1 examination was determined.

Results
Face and content validity were established, because PBLS experts reached consensus on the instrument and because the instrument incorporated all items of the European Resuscitation Council algorithm. Of the 157 medical students that were scored, 98 (62.4%) passed the examination. Fourteen PBLS instructors were scored; all passed (100%). Pass rate (62.4% vs 100%) and median penalty points (15 [interquartile range, 10–22.5] vs 7.5 [interquartile range, 1.25–10]) were significantly different between students and instructors (P = 0.005 and <0.001, respectively). Reassessment demonstrated a κ for intrarater reliability of 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.45–0.81) (substantial agreement); κ for interrater reliability was 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.09–0.93) (moderate agreement). It took approximately 3 minutes to assess 1 videotaped examination.

Conclusions
Our instrument for the (video-based) assessment of PBLS is valid and sufficiently reliable. It is also designed to be practical, time-efficient, and applicable in various settings, including resource limited.
The Hidden Burden of Mental Health Outcomes Following Firearm-related Injures
Authors: Joseph Bellal , Hanna Kamil , Callcut Rachael A. , Coleman Jamie J. , Sakran Joseph V. , Neumayer Leigh A. 
Published: July 2019

Objectives:
Examine the effect of different types of firearms on readmission due to acute stress disorder (ASD) and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in firearm-injury victims.

Background:
Survivors of firearm-related injuries suffer long-term sequelae such as disability, work loss, and deterioration in the quality of life. There is a paucity of data describing the long-term mental health outcomes in these patients.

Methods:
We performed a 5-year (2011–2015) analysis of the Nationwide Readmission Database. All adult patients with firearm injuries were stratified into 3 groups by firearm type: handgun, shotgun, and semiautomatic rifle. Outcome measures were the incidence and predictors of ASD/PTSD.

Results:
A total of 100,704 victims of firearm-related injuries were identified, of which 13.3% (n = 13,393) were readmitted within 6 months of index hospitalization, 6.7% (n = 8970) of these due to ASD/PTSD. Mean age was 34 ± 14 years, 88% were men. Of those readmitted due to ASD/PTSD, 24% (n = 2153) sustained a handgun-related injury on index hospitalization, 12% (n = 1076) shotgun, and 64% (n = 5741) semiautomatic gun (P = 0.039). On regression analysis, semiautomatic gun and shotgun victims had higher odds of developing ASD/PTSD upon readmission [odds ratio (OR): 2.05 (1.10–4.12) and OR: 1.41 (1.08–2.11)] compared to handgun. Female sex [OR: 1.79 (1.05–3.05)] and younger age representing those younger than 25 years [OR: 4.66 (1.12–6.74)] were also independently associated with higher odds of ASD/PTSD.

Conclusions:
Apart from the lives lost, survivors of semiautomatic rifle- and shotgun-related injuries suffer long-term mental health sequalae. These secondary and debilitating mental health outcomes are important considerations for capturing the overall burden of the disease.
The structural proteome for the primordial glycolysis/gluconeogenesis
Authors: do Ó Isabela Jerônimo Bezerra , Rego Thais Gaudêncio , José Marco V. , de Farias Sávio Torres 
Published: July 2019

AbstractComprehending the constitution of early biological metabolism is indispensable for the understanding of the origin and evolution of life on Earth. Here, we analyzed the structural proteome before the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) based in the reconstruction of the ancestral sequences and structure for proteins involved in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis. The results are compatible with the notion that the first portions of the proteins were the areas homologous to the present-day catalytic sites. Those “proto-proteins” had a simple function: binding to cofactors. Upon the accretion of new elements to the structure, the catalytic function could have emerged. Also, the first structural motifs might have been related to the emergence of the different proteins that work in modern organisms.
The relationship between sport involvement, perceived event prestige, and the intention to attend annual spectator events
Authors: Chiu Weisheng , Won Doyeon , Leng Ho Keat 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between sport involvement, perceived event prestige and attendance intention of annual sporting events. In addition, it examines the moderating effects of gender and past experience on the proposed model.Design/methodology/approachData were collected, using an on-site survey, from spectators (n=349) who attended the men’s or women’s basketball tournaments of the 2016 William Jones Cup held in Taiwan.FindingsThe results showed that perceived event prestige partially mediated the relationship between sport involvement and attendance intention of sporting events. Moreover, the moderating effects of gender and experience were found in the proposed model. Specifically, male spectators’ involvement had a significantly stronger influence on perceived event prestige, and, in turn, their perception of event prestige played a more significant role in influencing attendance intention. Also, sport involvement was more important in predicting attendance intention for experienced spectators whereas the prestige of the event was more important for first-time spectators.Originality/valueThis study suggests that sport event organizers need to employ different strategies in developing the subsequent editions of the event and retaining fans’ interest in the sport. Specifically, event organizers need to enhance the prestige of the sporting event through effective marketing communication to attract first-time spectators to the event.
Evolution of German corporate governance (1995-2014): an empirical analysis
Authors: Rühmkorf Andreas , Spindler Felix , Samanta Navajyoti 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThis paper aims to address the evolution of corporate governance in Germany with a particular regard to whether there can be observed a gradual convergence to a shareholder primacy corporate governance system.Design/methodology/approachTo investigate a potential shift of the German corporate governance system to an Anglo-American tiled corporate governance system, the authors have empirically assessed on a polynomial base 52 separate company and corporate governance variables for 20 years (1995-2014).FindingsThis research suggests that a gradual convergence has taken place prior to the global financial crisis. However, the results suggest that the convergence process experienced a slowdown in the aftermath of the global financial crisis, which may be linked to the stability of the German corporate governance system during the global financial crisis and the political environment during this time.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the research by not only analysing the development of the German corporate governance system but also identifying new reasons for this development and explaining why a new convergence process may be observed in the future again.
Understanding open innovation in small and medium-sized museums and exhibition halls
Authors: García-Muiña Fernando E. , Fuentes-Moraleda Laura , Vacas-Guerrero Trinidad , Rienda-Gómez Juan José 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe hostile environments in which museums operate force them to be innovative. Most of them have fewer resources and are publicly owned. Because these factors may hinder their innovative potential, this paper aims to propose an open innovation model adapted to this type of organization to improve visitors’ experience.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative method based on a thematic analysis is carried out. Data sources are: (i) focus group with stakeholders from the destination and (ii) in-depth interviews with museums experts.FindingsThis new framework is important because it brings something new to a field that previous research had barely considered. The study of the implementation of open innovation in publicly owned small and medium-sized museums brings to light the growing importance of the relational, organizational, technological and experiential dimensions, their interactions and their main constituent factors.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited to a specific type of institution, and results should not be extrapolated to other contexts. The construct of open innovation is highly complex, and that advises future research to include other players. Quantitative methods and longitudinal techniques will contribute to tackling new challenges in future research works.Practical implicationsResults are helpful for museum managers and policymakers. Stakeholders improve their comprehension of how an open innovation model works because the paper offers a few guidelines for its active designing. A solid networking based on trust and the emphasis on improving the visitor experience determine making-decision processes.Originality/valueThe paper provides a systemic innovation management model for museums, where there is almost no previous research. It is theoretically supported in the open innovation paradigm, as well as the absorptive capacity framework. The emerging and central role of the experiential dimension constitutes another notable contribution to literature.
Wind energy potential assessment for KPT with a comparison of different methods of determining Weibull parameters
Authors: Hulio Zahid Hussain , Jiang Wei 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate wind power potential of site using wind speed, wind direction and other meteorological data including temperature and air density collected over a period of one year.

Design/methodology/approach
The site-specific air density, wind shear, wind power density, annual energy yield and capacity factors have been calculated at 30 and 10 m above the ground level (AGL). The Weibull parameters have been calculated using empirical, maximum likelihood, modified maximum likelihood, energy pattern and graphical methods to determine the other dependent parameters. The accuracies of these methods are determined using correlation coefficient (R²) and root mean square error (RMSE) values.

Findings
The site-specific wind shear coefficient was found to be 0.18. The annual mean wind speeds were found to be 5.174 and 4.670 m/s at 30 and 10 m heights, respectively, with corresponding standard deviations of 2.085 and 2.059. The mean wind power densities were found to be 59.50 and 46.75 W/m² at 30 and 10 m heights, respectively. According to the economic assessment, the wind turbine A is capable of producing wind energy at the lowest value of US$ 0.034/kWh.

Practical implications
This assessment provides the sustainable solution of energy which minimizes the dependence on continuous supply of oil and gas to run the conventional power plants that is a major cause of increasing load shedding in the significant industrial and thickly populated city of Pakistan. Also, this will minimize the quarrel between the local power producer and oil and gas supplier during the peak season.

Social implications
This wind resource assessment has some important social implications including decreasing the environmental issues, enhancing the uninterrupted supply of electricity and decreasing cost of energy per kWh for the masses of Karachi.

Originality/value
The results are showing that the location can be used for installing the wind energy power plant at the lower cost per kWh compared to other energy sources. The wind energy is termed as sustainable solution at the lowest cost.
Inequity in the distribution of rural family physicians in Iran: a cross sectional study
Authors: Tabari-Khomeiran Rasoul , Ehsani-Chimeh Elham , Davoudi Kiakalayeh Ali , Homaie Rad Enayatollah , Delavari Sajad 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Equal distribution of health human resources is a major issue to achieve human rights in healthcare. Rural family physicians (RFPs) as a part of health human resources play an important role in delivering health services, so the purpose of this paper is to calculate amount of inequity in distribution of RFPs in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the authors tried to find inequity in the distribution of RFPs in the provinces of Iran. For this purpose, inequity indices containing concentration curves and indices were calculated by ranking health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE). Furthermore, a regression model was estimated to find the pattern and influencing factors of inequity in the distribution of RFPs.

Findings
The number of male RFPs was significantly higher in Sistan va Baloochestan, and in the same line, the number of female RFPs was higher in Zanjan province. Concentration index of total RFPs was 0.0568 (not significant) (males= 0.041, females= 0.0718). The results of regression model showed that HALE and per capita GDP did not have any significant relationship with RFPs distribution (HALE p=0.753, GDP p=0.792).

Originality/value
The RFP plan was successful in enhancing equal access to physician and health care services relatively. However, gender imbalance in distribution of RFPs was high especially in less-developed regions.
Driving performance in the public sector: what can we learn from Malaysia’s service delivery reform?
Authors: Siddiquee Noore Alam 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which Malaysia’s most recent public service reform has improved service delivery and governmental performance. It also endeavors to identify critical success factors that explain reform performance and draw lessons based on the Malaysian experience.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts a case study approach and draws on data from both primary and secondary sources. Besides a thorough review of official documents and existing literature, the author conducted 20 individual interviews with key informants representing government officials, academics and civil society organizations.

Findings
The study shows that despite some pitfalls and misgivings, the Government Transformation Program (GTP) has produced concrete improvements in service delivery areas where previous reforms failed. One of the factors that underpin GTP’s relative success is the detailed performance management framework, which helped foster inter-agency collaboration and enforce accountability for results at various levels.

Practical implications
The GTP success highlights the significance of adapting reform content to local situations especially when reforms are based on external models; sanctions from the highest political office; a dedicated unit to drive the implementation and an effective performance management framework through which individuals and agencies would be held to account for results achieved.

Originality/value
Despite many and varied reform initiatives attempted in the past, cases of successful reform are rare, especially in developing countries. Little is known on what makes a reform work, a gap exacerbated by notable absence of systematic research on this topic. The paper contributes to address this by reviewing Malaysia’s innovative approach to reform and the insights that the Malaysian experience offers.
The erosion of ethics: from citizen journalism to social media
Authors: Roberts Jessica 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider the implications of the shift from citizen journalist to social media user by examining how ethics are addressed on social media sites compared to citizen journalism sites.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper applies the framework of a 2012 study of ethics on citizen journalism sites to social media sites’ guiding documents to compare how they discuss ethics and what they ask of the users, offering suggestions for how social media sites might imbue users with a sense of their responsibilities and obligations.

Findings
The analysis finds that ethics are largely ignored on social media sites, written in legalistic language and framed in negative terms, rather than in terms of responsibilities or obligations.

Originality/value
When citizen journalism was subsumed by social media, much of the language – lacking as it may have been – around users’ responsibilities to each other was lost. This paper suggests social media sites should seek to raise rather than lower the barriers to entry, and imbue users with a sense of the responsibility they accept when sharing information online.
Does alternative healthy eating index can predict the risk of prostate cancer?
Authors: Bagheri Amir , Nachvak Seyed Mostafa , Abdollahzad Hadi , Mohammadi Farzad 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010, an index that determines the quality of a diet, was created to predict the risk of chronic diseases. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this index can predict the risk of prostate cancer, one of the most prevalent cancers among men around the world. The study aims to investigate the association between adherence to the AHEI-2010 and the risk of prostate cancer in Iranian men.

Design/methodology/approach
The case–control study was conducted in Kermanshah, Iran in the year 2016. The study included 50 cases of Iranian men with prostate cancer and 150 healthy controls. Anthropometric indices were measured by bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA). The AHEI-2010 included 11 food components that were assessed by using a 147-item food frequency questionnaire. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the association of the AHEI-2010 (expressed as a dichotomous variable) with prostate cancer.

Findings
As per the analysis, there were no significant differences in age, body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) between case and control groups, statistically. After adjustment for potential confounders, the higher AHEI-2010 scores were associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer (OR AHEI > 55 vs ≤ 55 = 0.26; 95% CI: 0.11-0.63). Moreover, the Mean of AHEI scores was higher in controls than in the cases (p < 0.001).

Originality/value
The authors’ findings suggest that adherence to the dietary patterns with high scores of AHEI-2010 is associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer, so this index may be used as an effective measure to predict prostate cancer.