bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro cytotoxicity of galvanically coupled magnesium‐titanium particles on human osteosarcoma SAOS2 cells: A potential cancer therapy
Authors: Kim Jua , Gilbert Jeremy L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractOsteosarcoma is a malignant bone cancer that occurs mostly in children and young adults. This study investigated the cytotoxicity of Mg and Mg‐Ti microparticles to human osteosarcoma cells. Osteosarcoma cells were killed in a dosage‐dependent manner when cells, with a cell seeding density of 30,000 cells/cm2, were cultured with 0 to 2500 µg/mL of Mg or Mg‐Ti in cell culture media for 24–72 h. Mg‐Ti killed cells more effectively, where 1250 µg/mL of Mg‐Ti killed cells completely by 24 h, while 2500 µg/mL of Mg killed nearly all cells, but not all. Killing due to particle corrosion occurred mostly during the first 24 h, and so the percent cell viability between 24 and 72 h showed not much variability. However, the measurement of live and dead cell numbers, over the timeframe of 24–72 h, showed more insight, such as cell recovery. If particle concentrations were low, the number of live cells increased after 24 h, indicating cell proliferation. If particle concentrations were high, the number of live cells either remained steady or decreased, indicating cell quiescence or continued killing, respectively. Increase in the number of dead cells also indicated killing, while plateau meant discontinued killing. In addition, repeated killing of recovered cells exhibited the same dose‐dependent killing profile as the initial experiment, implying little development of cell resistance to treatment. These results, together, show that osteosarcoma cells are susceptible to killing by way of exposure to corroding particles, showing highly effective killing using the galvanic couple of Mg‐Ti. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 107B: 178–189, 2019.
Contribution of adiponectin polymorphisms to the risk of coronary artery disease in a North‐African Tunisian population
Authors: Ghazouani Lakhdar , Elmufti Afoua , Baaziz Intissar , Chaabane Ibtissem , Ben Mansour Hedi 
Published: April 2018

BackgroundAdiponectin, an adipocyte‐derived protein, is known to play a key role in the processes leading to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) through its anti‐atherogenic, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidative, and anti‐apoptotic properties. In the current study, we have studied the association of two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) +45 T>G (rs2241766) and +276 G>T (rs1501299) of the adiponectin gene with coronary artery disease (CAD) on an Arab/North‐African population from Tunisia.MethodsSubjects comprised 277 patients with angiographically demonstrated CAD and 269 age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects. The adiponectin genotypes were performed by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR‐RFLP). The contribution of adiponectin variants to CAD was analyzed by haplotype and regression analysis.ResultsAdiponectin +45T>G and +276G>T genotypic and allelic distributions did not show a significant difference between cases and controls. Similarly, no association with CAD was observed for the haplotype analysis. Assuming dominant model of transmission for both polymorphisms and after adjustment of a number of traditional risk factors for CAD, logistic regression analysis showed an association of SNP +45 T>G with increased risk of developing CAD [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 2.59 (1.17‐5.70); P = .01]. However, SNP + 276 G>T is associated with decreased risk of developing CAD [adjusted OR (95% CI) = 0.47 (0.22‐0.97); P = .04].ConclusionThere is no allelic or genotypic association of +45 T>G and +276 G>T of the adiponectin gene with CAD in the Tunisian population.
Cover Image, Volume 93, Issue 5
Authors: Acosta‐Santoyo Gustavo , Herrada Rosa Alhelí , De Folter Stefan , Bustos Erika 
Published: April 2018

The cover image, by Gustavo Acosta‐Santoyo et al., is based on the Research Article Stimulation of the germination and growth of different plant species using an electric field treatment with IrO2‐Ta2O5|Ti electrodes, DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5517.
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Removal of phenolic compounds through overliming for enhanced saccharification of wheat straw
Authors: Haq Ikram , Arshad Yesra , Nawaz Ali , Aftab Muhammad , Rehman Asad , Mukhtar Hamid , Mansoor Zinnia , Syed Qurratulain 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe deactivation of cellulases by phenolics is considered to be the main bottleneck in the saccharification of agricultural by‐products for efficient bioethanol production on a large scale. The removal of these phenolic inhibitors, produced as a result of pretreatment, is essential for an efficient saccharification process. One such process is overliming that has been mostly studied for hydrolysates of agricultural by‐products. In the present study however, solid biomass was used whereby the detection of phenolic compounds and their effect on saccharification was studied.RESULTSThe pretreated wheat straw showed 19% saccharification and total phenolic content (TPC) of 188 mg gallic acid equivalent g‐1 biomass dry weight. Detoxification of pretreated wheat straw applying different alkalis, i.e. NaOH, NH4OH and Ca(OH)2 was conducted. Overliming using Ca(OH)2 solution of pH 12, for 2 h at 80°C showed significant removal of 60% of phenolic compounds, which in turn enhanced the saccharification by 2.4‐fold. Scanning electron microscopy of pretreated and overlimed substrates also showed considerable change in structure, making it more accessible for enzymatic hydrolysis.CONCLUSIONThe elimination of phenolic compounds due to overliming has facilitated increased saccharification that in turn will help in substrate efficient biofuel production. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
The inter‐observer agreement in the assessment of carotid plaque neovascularization by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography: The impact of plaque thickness
Authors: Chen Jian , Zhang Yan‐Ming , Song Ze‐Zhou , Fu Yan‐Fei , Geng Yu 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe interobserver agreement in the assessment of the grade of carotid plaque neovascularization by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography is poorly established.MethodWe examined 140 carotid plaques in 66 patients (all patients had bilateral plaques, and 8 patients had 2 plaques on one side). We performed conventional and contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography to analyze the presence of carotid plaque neovascularization, which was graded by two independent observers whose interobserver agreement (κ) was evaluated according to the thickness of carotid plaque.ResultsFor all carotid plaques, the mean κ was 0.689 (95% confidence interval 0.604‐0.774). It was 0.689 (0.569‐0.808), 0.637 (0.487‐0.787), and 0.740 (0.585‐0.896), respectively for carotid plaques with maximal thickness <2 mm, from 2 mm to 3 mm, and >3 mm.ConclusionThe interobserver agreement for assessing carotid plaque neovascularization by using contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography is substantial and acceptable for research purposes, regardless of the maximal thickness of the plaque.
What do clinicians need to watch for with direct‐acting antiviral therapy?
Authors: Aghemo Alessio , Piroth Lionel , Bhagani Sanjay 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe introduction of drugs targeting the virus replication cycle has revolutionized treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus. These drugs, called direct‐acting antivirals, have brought about extremely high rates of virological cure and have increased the number of patients who can receive treatment due to the lack of absolute contraindications. A combination of different classes of direct‐acting antivirals is the current standard of care. Although treatment administration and monitoring has been simplified in recent years, it is still relatively complex and mostly in the hands of specialists. Several factors must be assessed before starting treatment to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects of treatment. In this review, we describe the factors that impact on the efficacy and safety of antiviral treatment for hepatitis C and provide clear recommendations for clinicians prescribing direct‐acting antivirals.MethodsWe reviewed literature to define best practice, based on factors associated with treatment efficacy and safety data to recommend treatment options, baseline and on‐treatment assessments. The review included searches in PubMed, and the abstracts presented at the International Liver Congress TM and The Liver Meeting TM between January 2013 and September 2017.ResultsClinical features that must be assessed before starting treatment include virological factors, such as hepatitis C virus genotype, HIV and hepatitis B coinfection and host factors, such as concomitant medications, liver disease stage and renal function.ConclusionsPatients who start antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C require a thorough clinical evaluation. There is a need for assessing factors that impact on the treatment schedule and duration or affect the pharmacokinetics of direct‐acting antivirals.
Frontline Science: Plasma and immunoglobulin G galactosylation associate with HIV persistence during antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Vadrevu Surya Kumari , Trbojevic-Akmacic Irena , Kossenkov Andrew V , Colomb Florent , Giron Leila B , Anzurez Alitzel , Lynn Kenneth , Mounzer Karam , Landay Alan L , Kaplan Robert C , Papasavvas Emmanouil , Montaner Luis J , Lauc Gordan , Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Global antibody glycosylation is dynamic and plays critical roles in shaping different immunological outcomes and direct antibody functionality during HIV infection. However, the relevance of global antibody or plasma glycosylation patterns to HIV persistence after antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been characterized. First, we compared glycomes of total plasma and isolated immunoglobulin G (IgG) from HIV+ ART-suppressed, HIV+ viremic, and HIV-negative individuals. Second, in ART-suppressed individuals, we examined the associations between glycomes and (1) levels of cell-associated HIV DNA and RNA in PBMCs and isolated CD4+ T cells, (2) CD4 count and CD4%, and (3) expression of CD4+ T-cell activation markers. HIV infection is associated with persistent alterations in the IgG glycome including decreased levels of disialylated glycans, which is associated with a lower anti-inflammatory activity, and increased levels of fucosylated glycans, which is associated with lower antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We also show that levels of certain mono- and digalactosylated nonfucosylated glycomic traits (A2G1, A2G2, and A2BG2), which have been reported to be associated with higher ADCC and higher anti-inflammatory activities, exhibit significant negative correlations with levels of cell-associated total HIV DNA and HIV RNA in ART-suppressed individuals. Finally, levels of certain circulating anti-inflammatory glycans are associated with higher levels of CD4 T cells and lower levels of T-cell activation. Our findings represent the first proof-of-concept evidence that glycomic alterations, known to be associated with differential states of inflammation and ADCC activities, are also associated with levels of HIV persistence in the setting of ART suppression.
The New Stage of the Turkish Counseling System: Explosive Growth (2000 to the Present)
Authors: Arslan Ümüt , Sommers‐Flanagan John 
Published: April 2018

The Turkish counseling system has been developing since the 1950s. Over the past 15 years, rapid and substantial changes have started to affect counseling and counselor education in Turkey. These changes have both positive and negative ramifications. Overall, the changes appear to represent a new stage of counseling that the authors refer to as explosive growth (2000 to the present). In this article, the authors describe this new stage and discuss positive and negative trends associated with it.El sistema turco de consejería se ha estado desarrollando desde los años 50. En los últimos 15 años, cambios rápidos y sustanciales han comenzado a afectar a la consejería y la formación de consejeros en Turquía. Estos cambios tienen ramificaciones tanto positivas como negativas. En general, los cambios parecen representar una nueva etapa en la consejería a la que nosotros los autores nos referimos como de crecimiento explosivo (desde el año 2000 hasta el presente). En este artículo, los autores describen esta nueva etapa y discuten las tendencias positivas y negativas asociadas con la misma.
Estimating the contribution of surfactant replacement therapy to the alveolar pool: An in vivo study based on 13C natural abundance in rabbits
Authors: Giambelluca Sonia , Ricci Francesca , Simonato Manuela , Correani Alessio , Casiraghi Costanza , Storti Matteo , Cogo Paola , Salomone Fabrizio , Carnielli Virgilio Paolo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractVariation of the isotopic abundance of selected nutrients and molecules has been used for pharmacological and kinetics studies under the premise that the administered molecule has a different isotopic enrichment from the isotopic background of the recipient subject. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility of assessing the contribution of exogenous surfactant phospholipids to the endogenous alveolar pool in vivo after exogenous surfactant replacement therapy in rabbits.The study consisted in measuring the consistency of 13C/12C ratio of disaturated‐phosphatidylcholine palmitate (DSPC‐PA) in 7 lots of poractant alfa, produced over a year, and among bronchoalveolar lavages of 20 rabbits fed with a standard chow. A pilot study was performed in a rabbit model of lavage‐induced surfactant deficiency: 7 control rabbits and 4 treated with exogenous surfactant. The contribution of exogenous surfactant to the alveolar pool was assessed after intra‐tracheal administration of 200 mg/kg of poractant alfa. The 13C content of DSPC‐PA was measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry.The mean DSPC‐PA 13C/12C ratio of the 7 lots of poractant alfa was −18.8‰ with a SD of 0.1‰ (range: −18.9‰; −18.6‰). The mean 13C/12C ratio of surfactant DSPC recovered from the lung lavage of 20 rabbits was −28.8 ± 1.2‰ (range: −31.7‰; −25.7‰). The contribution of exogenous surfactant to the total alveolar surfactant could be calculated in the treated rabbits, and it ranged from 83.9% to 89.6%.This pilot study describes a novel method to measure the contribution of the exogenous surfactant to the alveolar pool. This method is based on the natural variation of 13C, and therefore it does not require the use of chemically synthetized tracers. This method could be useful in human research and especially in surfactant replacement studies in preterm infants.
Embedded ensemble encoding hypothesis: The role of the “Prepared” cell
Authors: Antic Srdjan D. , Hines Michael , Lytton William W. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe here reconsider current theories of neural ensembles in the context of recent discoveries about neuronal dendritic physiology. The key physiological observation is that the dendritic plateau potential produces sustained depolarization of the cell body (amplitude 10–20 mV, duration 200–500 ms). Our central hypothesis is that synaptically‐evoked dendritic plateau potentials lead to a prepared state of a neuron that favors spike generation. The plateau both depolarizes the cell toward spike threshold, and provides faster response to inputs through a shortened membrane time constant. As a result, the speed of synaptic‐to‐action potential (AP) transfer is faster during the plateau phase. Our hypothesis relates the changes from “resting” to “depolarized” neuronal state to changes in ensemble dynamics and in network information flow. The plateau provides the Prepared state (sustained depolarization of the cell body) with a time window of 200–500 ms. During this time, a neuron can tune into ongoing network activity and synchronize spiking with other neurons to provide a coordinated Active state (robust firing of somatic APs), which would permit “binding” of signals through coordination of neural activity across a population. The transient Active ensemble of neurons is embedded in the longer‐lasting Prepared ensemble of neurons. We hypothesize that “embedded ensemble encoding” may be an important organizing principle in networks of neurons.
Three cases of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with prolonged QT intervals including two cases of compound mutations
Authors: Saito Aki , Ohno Seiko , Nuruki Norihito , Nomura Yuichi , Horie Minoru , Yoshinaga Masao 
Published: April 2018

AbstractCatecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is one of the leading causes of sudden arrhythmic death in the young. The QT interval in CPVT patients is typically within the normal range. However, those with prolonged QT interval have often been diagnosed with mutation‐negative long QT syndrome (LQTS). We report three CPVT patients with prolonged QT interval. Case 1 and 2 were diagnosed as LQTS at first. Genetic test using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) revealed RyR2 mutations. We should consider genetic test using NGS to identify the genes responsible for CPVT in mutation‐negative LQTS.
Nutritional profiling of Eurasian woodcock meat: chemical composition and myoglobin characterization
Authors: Landi Nicola , Ragucci Sara , Di Giuseppe Antonella MA , Russo Rosita , Poerio Elia , Severino Valeria , Di Maro Antimo 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMeat from birds is a rich source of proteins for the human diet. In this framework, Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola L.), a medium–small wading bird hunted as game in many Eurasian countries, is considered one of the best meats for culinary purposes. Since the nutritional composition of Eurasian woodcock meat has not yet been reported, we decided to determine the nutritional profile of S. rusticola meat.RESULTSMacronutrient components (proteins, lipids and fatty acids) were determined, as well as free and total amino acids, and compared with those of the common pheasant. Eurasian woodcock meat contains high levels of proteins and essential amino acids. The levels of unsaturated fatty acids represent a great contribution to the total lipid amount. Among polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (C18:2, n‐6) is the major essential fatty acid. Finally, we report the characterization of myoglobin (Mb) from Eurasian woodcock.CONCLUSIONThe data revealed that meat from this bird could be a good source of quality raw proteins because of its amino acid composition, and it had a low lipid content. On the other hand, Mb characterization might be of benefit to the meat industry, by providing useful information for the determination of species‐specific differences in meat from birds. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Role of alkyl silatranes as plant growth regulators: comparative substitution effect on root and shoot development of wheat and maize
Authors: Singh Gurjaspreet , Sharma Geetika , Sanchita  , Kalra Pooja , Batish Daizy R , Verma Vikas 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present investigation reports the stimulating effects of different substituted alkyl silatranes (3a–3e) on the early seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays). Seeds of these plants were exposed to six different concentrations (0, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 500 µmol L−1). The results revealed that different substitutions (3a–3e) had different effects on root and shoot elongation. Silatranes (3a–3e) were synthesized employing microwave irradiation by a solvent‐mediated transesterification reaction, thereby reducing reaction times from several hours under conventional reflux conditions to 15 min under microwave irradiation.RESULTSIt was of interest that the effect of these silatranes did not show a dose‐dependent relationship but an optimum concentration, which was 100 µmol L−1 for maize and 200 µmol L−1 for wheat. γ‐Aminopropyl silatranes (3b and 3e) gave the best results in maize, whereas γ‐chloropropyl silatrane (3a) was most efficient for wheat at these optimum concentrations.CONCLUSIONAll the synthesized silatranes were effective in promoting root and shoot growth of wheat and maize. Furthermore, an efficient green microwave methodology was successful for the synthesis of silatranes. These observations pave the way for silatranes as efficient plant growth regulators for crops. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Peptides derived from lupin proteins confer potent protection against oxidative stress
Authors: Guo Xiaojuan , Shang Wenting , Strappe Padraig , Zhou Zhongkai , Blanchard Chris 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDLupin seeds are rich in proteins, which are utilized in the food industry. There is an increased interest in lupin research due to its association with health‐related benefits, such as reduction of hypertension and hyperglycemia. However, studies on the peptides derived from lupin proteins are rare.RESULTSLupin protein hydrolysates (LPHs) were prepared by proteolysis using alcalase, trypsin and pepsin, respectively. All the hydrolysates demonstrated higher antioxidant and angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities compared to lupin proteins. The hydrolysates were fractionated into three fractions based on molecular weight (MW), and the peptides with MW < 3 kDa (LPH3) had the highest antioxidant and ACE inhibitory activities compared to other fractions. Cell model study revealed that LPH3 fraction had the highest protection against the generation of reactive oxygen species in HepG2 cells, which was associated with increased activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase through upregulation of SOD1, GPX1, GCLM, SLC7A11 and SRXN1 expression.CONCLUSIONSThe analysis of amino acid composition indicated that the peptides were characterized with high content of hydrophobic amino acids, which may be responsible for the greatest antioxidant activity. This study highlights the promising potential of lupin peptides as a functional ingredient in healthy foods. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry