bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation of flue gas injection enhanced underground coal seam gas drainage
Authors: Huo Bingjie , Jing Xuedong , Fan Chaojun , Han Yongliang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCoal seam with low permeability is widely distributed in China. Injection of flue gas (N2:CO2 = 0.85:0.15) is an effective approach to improve coal seam gas drainage efficiency. This process relates complex responses among ternary gases (CH4, CO2, and N2) competitive sorption on coals, gas diffusion, gas‐water migration by means of two‐phase flow, and coal deformation. In this paper, an improved hydraulic‐mechanical model coupling above interactions is established for flue gas injection enhanced gas drainage. This model is used to simulate flue gas enhanced drainage by finite element method. The sensitivity analyses of key factors are made to recovery a better understanding on the processes controlling flue gas enhanced drainage. Results show that the flue gas enhanced drainage can indeed improve the efficiency of gas extraction and reduce the gas pressure to the required value in a shorter duration. Due to the competitive adsorption and gas sweeping effect of injected flue gas, CH4 is driven toward drainage borehole, and CH4 pressure and content near the injection borehole decrease faster than that near the drainage borehole. The peak CH4 pressure laterally moves from the injection borehole to the drainage borehole. Higher injection pressure, initial permeability, and smaller sorption affinity ratios may lead to greater CH4 production rate at early drainage stage, but smaller CH4 production rate at late stage. The factors controlling the behavior of flue gas enhanced drainage are initial permeability, injection pressure, and sorption affinity ratios in order. This work offers useful framework to investigate important technical challenges associated with enhanced mine gas drainage, as well as unconventional gas development.
Genetic architecture constrains exploitation of siderophore cooperation in the bacteriumBurkholderia cenocepacia
Authors: Sathe Santosh , Mathew Anugraha , Agnoli Kirsty , Eberl Leo , Kümmerli Rolf 
Published: October 2019

AbstractExplaining how cooperation can persist in the presence of cheaters, exploiting the cooperative acts, is a challenge for evolutionary biology. Microbial systems have proved extremely useful to test evolutionary theory and identify mechanisms maintaining cooperation. One of the most widely studied system is the secretion and sharing of iron-scavenging siderophores by Pseudomonas bacteria, with many insights gained from this system now being considered as hallmarks of bacterial cooperation. Here, we introduce siderophore secretion by the bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia H111 as a novel parallel study system, and show that this system behaves differently. For ornibactin, the main siderophore of this species, we discovered a novel mechanism of how cheating can be prevented. Particularly, we found that secreted ornibactin cannot be exploited by ornibactin-defective mutants because ornibactin receptor and synthesis genes are co-expressed from the same operon, such that disruptive mutations in synthesis genes compromise receptor availability required for siderophore uptake and cheating. For pyochelin, the secondary siderophore of this species, we found that cheating was possible, but the relative success of cheaters was positive frequency dependent, thus diametrically opposite to the Pseudomonas and other microbial systems. Altogether, our results highlight that expanding our repertoire of microbial study systems leads to new discoveries and suggest that there is an enormous diversity of social interactions out there in nature, and we might have only looked at the tip of the iceberg so far.
New ACI 533 guide on general design and construction aspects of precast concrete tunnel segments
Authors: Bakhshi Mehdi , Nasri Verya 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI) is aiming to publish its first guide (ACI 533.2R) on general aspects of precast tunnel segments. This paper presents salient features of the guide including the most recent developments on major aspects of design, manufacturing and construction. This document is drafted based on the knowledge and the experience gained on projects in Asia, Europe, and North America, and available national and international recommendations. Procedures to perform structural design during production, transportation, construction and final service stages are explained. Details of segmental ring geometry and systems, concrete strength, curing, and reinforcement detailing are discussed. Gasket design, segment connection devices, anchorage systems, tolerances, measurement and dimensional control, and repair of defects are among other topics that are covered. This document also addresses durability and degradation mechanisms of tunnel linings and their mitigation methods. While some parts of this guide may only consider the procedures adopted by ACI, they can be extended to other national and international codes and used worldwide.
Healing Relationships
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIn a 2015 Hastings Center Report essay, Robert Truog and his coauthors argued that the clinical ethics portion of medical education should cast both a wider and a finer net than is sometimes realized. Many of the morally important moments in patient care are missed if we teach only general moral principles, they held; we also need to give attention to an indefinite stream of “microethical” decisions in everyday clinical practice. In the current issue, Truog plays out a similar theme as he discusses the moral significance of touching a patient and asks how artificial intelligence and other emerging technologies may change this ancient part of the physician‐patient relationship. And one of the articles in this issue examines the significance of clinicians’ relationships with other clinicians. Donna Chen and colleagues propose, in effect, that “teamwork” has become part of the ethics of everyday clinical practice—a new addition to what Larry Churchill and David Schenck called the “healing skills.”
Daniel Callahan and the Vocation of Bioethics
Authors: Jennings Bruce 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDid Dan Callahan know the calling he was displaying in his own work and offering to others in the special intellectual garden of The Hastings Center, which he cocreated, with Will Gaylin, and went on to prune and tend for nearly four decades? I would say, yes, he knew what he was about. Successful people usually have self‐confidence and drive in abundance, but in Dan's case, there was something more profound and interesting at work. Having gone through the endnotes of his latest book one day, I asked him how he found time to read so widely. He said he had learned to be an efficient skimmer who could pull out the nuggets he valued from another's work because he had a few magnetic ideas from which he would brook no distraction.
Silencing transcription factor FOXM1 represses proliferation, migration, and invasion while inducing apoptosis of liver cancer stem cells by regulating the expression of ALDH2
Authors: Chen Lijian , Wu Meiyun , Ji Chunyi , Yuan Miaoxian , Liu Chaoyang , Yin Qiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveThis study is performed to explore the role of transcription factor FOXM1 in promoting the self‐renewal and proliferation of liver cancer stem cells (LCSCs) by regulating the expression of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2).MethodsCD133+CD24+ LCSCs were sorted and identified. A series of experiments were carried out to determine the proliferation, colony formation rate, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of LCSCs after interfering with FOXM1. Proliferation‐, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐, apoptosis‐, and stemness‐related factors were then detected by western blot analysis. Tumor xenograft in nude mice was used to figure out the role of FOXM1 in tumorigenesis in vivo by regulating ALDH2 expression. Luciferase activity assay was conducted to determine whether FOXM1 could target ALDH2 promoter region and thereby affecting ALDH2 expression.ResultsThe sorted CD133+CD24+ Huh‐7 cells had the characteristic of stem cells. FOXM1 was highly expressed in CD133+CD24+Huh‐7 cells. Silencing FOXM1 inhibited the proliferation and colony formation of LCSCs and decreased the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki‐67 protein; inhibited the migration, invasion, and EMT of LCSCs while promoting the apoptosis of LCSCs, as well as promoted the expression of Bax and cleaved‐caspase‐3, and inhibited the expression of Bcl‐2. Silencing FOXM1 inhibited the expression of Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2 in LCSCs by decreasing the expression of ALDH2. in vivo experiment, silencing FOXM1 suppressed tumorigenesis of LCSCs by decreasing the expression of ALDH2.ConclusionOur study provides evidence that silencing FOXM1 inhibits stemness of LCSCs by decreasing the expression of ALDH2, and represses the proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis while inducing the apoptosis of LCSCs.
Adverse events during a disorder‐specific psychotherapy compared to a nonspecific psychotherapy in patients with chronic depression
Authors: Meister Ramona , Lanio Jana , Fangmeier Thomas , Härter Martin , Schramm Elisabeth , Zobel Ingo , Hautzinger Martin , Nestoriuc Yvonne , Kriston Levente 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectivesA recent trial comparing Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) and supportive psychotherapy in chronic depression found CBASP to be more effective in treating depressive symptoms. We aimed to evaluate adverse events that occurred during this trial.Materials and MethodA randomized trial of chronically depressed outpatients was performed. The treatment included 32 sessions of CBASP or supportive psychotherapy. Therapists asked patients about adverse events and their intensity in each session using a standardized checklist. We analyzed the mean number of (severe) adverse events per patient up to Session 32 with gamma frailty recurrent event models.ResultsTwo hundred and sixty patients were included in the analyses (66% female, mean age 45 years). Patients in the supportive psychotherapy group reported less severe adverse events in general, and less severe adverse events related to personal life and to occupational life than patients in the CBASP group. Less adverse events related to suicidal thoughts were reported in the CBASP compared with the supportive psychotherapy group.ConclusionsDifferences in the adverse events profile may be explained by the treatment elements. Adverse events related to personal and occupational life for example might be considered a necessary and expected yet temporary adverse treatment outcome of an effective CBASP treatment.
ROC analysis of three‐dimensional psychological pain in suicide ideation and suicide attempt among patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Sun Xuemei , Li Huanhuan , Song Wei , Jiang Songyuan , Shen Chengfeng , Wang Xiang 
Published: October 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the predictive ability of the three‐dimensional psychological pain scale (TDPPS) on suicide risk among MDD patients as compared to impulsivity, depression, hopelessness, psychache and acquired capability for suicide, and to determine the cut‐off point of TDPPS in the identification of those at risk for suicide.MethodThe sample comprised 137 depressed outpatients who were divided into subjects with a history of suicidal attempt (SA, N = 31) and those without such history (NSA, N = 106). All participants completed the questionnaires to evaluate interested variables. Broad sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed by using hierarchical and logistic regression analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis.ResultsTDPPS, especially pain avoidance subscale displayed superior performance in accurately identifying suicide attempt compared with other measurements. The appropriate cut‐off point was 58 for the TDPPS.ConclusionsTDPPS may be an effective screening scale for detecting depressed patients at high suicidal risk.
Osteocyte staining with rhodamine in osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis of the femoral head
Authors: Rony Louis , Perrot Rodolphe , Hubert Laurent , Chappard Daniel 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDeath of osteocytes is synonymous of bone death. Aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a lesion characterized by the death of osteocytes occurring after major vascular changes. The evolution may lead to hip osteoarthritis, which requires total hip arthroplasty in most cases. Evolution of aseptic osteonecrosis in four radiological stages is well known. We analyzed 24 femoral heads from patients with osteonecrosis or osteoarthritis, retrieved at the time of surgery for a hip arthroplasty. The aim of the study was to clearly identify the necrotic bone from the living bone in the histological samples. The femoral heads were sawed, and a large sample was harvested in the superior zone; it was stained en‐bloc with rhodamine dissolved in formalin to make the osteocytes fluorescent under UV light microscopy. Undecalcified sections, 7 μm thick, were obtained on a heavy‐duty microtome. A micrographic analysis using two UV excitation wavelengths visualized the living osteocytes (in green) and the bone matrix (in blue). A simple method to prepare combined images is described. In addition, the blocks can be analyzed by confocal microscopy to visualize more details. It is possible to identify at low magnification the osteocytes within the bone matrix and the osteonecrotic areas where osteocytes have disappeared. Identification of osteocytes showed that newly formed bone packets are laid on dead trabeculae in patients with aseptic osteonecrosis or with osteoarthritis. In the osteosclerotic areas, the enlarged trabeculae have a dead central core surrounded by recently apposed bone structure units.
The R‐Word Is More Than Hate Speech: Differences in Counselors’ Level of Tolerance Based on Language and Labels
Authors: Granello Darcy Haag 
Published: October 2019

AbstractProfessional counselors and counselors‐in‐training (N = 211) completed a survey measuring tolerance toward people with intellectual disabilities. About half completed a version using the term mentally retarded, and half completed a version using people with intellectual disabilities. The first group was more empowering and less sheltering of people with intellectual disabilities but less likely to perceive them as basically like themselves.
Past, present, and future of WCG technology in display
Authors: Kwak Musun , Kim Younghoon , Han Sanghun , Kim Ahnki , Kim Sooin , Lee Seungbeom , Jun Mike , Kang Inbyeong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe will introduce the development trend of colorant and color technology along the grown of display industry. Wide color gamut (WCG) technology with high contrast ratio and transmittance has been developed from colorant design to color filter process, product reliability, and performance enhancement. In this paper, WCG technology for liquid crystal display (LCD) and organic light emitting diode (OLED) and trend of colorant, which is including color conversion material (CCM), were discussed. We hope that it will help you to understand the development flow of colorant in the display industry.
Temperature dependence on phase evolution in the BaTiO3 polytypes studied using ab initio calculations
Authors: Oliveira Marisa C. , Ribeiro Renan A. P. , Longo Elson , Bomio Maurício R. D. , Motta Fabiana V. , de Lazaro Sergio R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractIdentifying the forces that drive a temperature‐induced phase transition is always challenging in the prospect of the first‐principles methods. Herein, we perform a first‐principles study of the temperature effects on structural, energetic, electronic, and vibrational properties of four BaTiO3 polymorphs using quasi‐harmonic approximations. Study of the stability between these four phases, which we break into contributions arising from the vibration of the lattice, electronic structure, and volume expansion/contraction, is helpful to confirm the sequence of phase transitions as cubic → tetragonal → orthorhombic → rhombohedral, as well as its transition temperatures. A general mechanism was proposed based on the combination between structural distortions at [TiO6] clusters, vibrational characteristics, and electronic structure. These findings confirm the power of quasi‐harmonic approximations to disclose the main fingerprints associated with both thermic and mechanical phase transitions, serving as a guide for further theoretical studies.
Arenas of Volunteering: Experiences, Practices and Conflicts of Voluntary Refugee Relief
Authors: Hoppe-Seyler Annika 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe ongoing arrivals of asylum seekers in Germany and across Europe during the last few years have entailed an enormous increase in local voluntary engagement in the field of refugee relief. Local voluntary organisations have become important actors within refugee integration, taking over basic tasks from municipalities such as language teaching and providing refugees with information and practical help. Ethnographic fieldwork in the context of voluntary refugee relief in a mid-sized city in Bavaria, Germany, reveals insights into the practices and spaces of volunteering. Based on pragmatist notions of experiences as socially constituted modes of being in, participating in, and understanding the world, this chapter can help to understand the development of practices and commitment to voluntary refugee relief. It highlights how the emotional and spatial dimensions are meaningful to the analysis of volunteer practices as well as their conflicts and ruptures. Furthermore, the chapter illustrates that the processes of becoming a voluntary subject in many cases involve reflections on the politicization of voluntary refugee aid. This politicization holds a potential for conflict, both for the individual volunteer subject and the voluntary organisation.
Cheating as a dynamic marketing strategy in monopoly, cartel and duopoly
Authors: Eigruber Markus , Wirl Franz 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In 2015 it was discovered that Volkswagen had manipulated the exhaust emissions of its (diesel) cars. Since then, numerous other automotive car manufacturers were strongly suspected to violate against the same emission standards. This paper investigates how and why firms (monopoly, cartel and duopoly) engage in cheating, more precisely, promising attributes that are actually not part of the product. Firms make claims in order to better market their product but risk damaging their future reputation. The upshot of the paper is the stark difference between open loop and Markov perfect oligopolistic equilibrium outcomes. More precisely, the latter mitigates cheating substantially even below the levels attained by monopolies and cartels (unless consumers have a very short memory), which is contrary to the outcome in the limiting static version of the game. Therefore, revealing the true state (e.g., by mandating strict inspections) could force firms to use this information and play in Markov instead of open loop strategies.
Stabilization of myeloid-derived HIFs promotes vascular regeneration in retinal ischemia
Authors: Villacampa Pilar , Liyanage Sidath E. , Klaska Izabela P. , Cristante Enrico , Menger Katja E. , Sampson Robert D. , Barlow Maeve , Abelleira-Hervas Laura , Duran Yanai , Smith Alexander J. , Ali Robin R. , Luhmann Ulrich F. O. , Bainbridge James W. B. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The retinal vasculature is tightly organized in a structure that provides for the high metabolic demand of neurons while minimizing interference with incident light. The adverse impact of retinal vascular insufficiency is mitigated by adaptive vascular regeneration but exacerbated by pathological neovascularization. Aberrant growth of neovessels in the retina is responsible for impairment of sight in common blinding disorders including retinopathy of prematurity, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Myeloid cells are key players in this process, with diverse roles that can either promote or protect against ocular neovascularization. We have previously demonstrated that myeloid-derived VEGF, HIF1, and HIF2 are not essential for pathological retinal neovascularization. Here, however, we show by cell-specific depletion of Vhl in a mouse model of retinal ischemia (oxygen-induced retinopathy, OIR) that myeloid-derived HIFs promote VEGF and bFGF expression and enhance vascular regeneration in association with improved density and organization of the astrocytic network.
Biofeedback fixation training method for improving eccentric vision in patients with loss of foveal function secondary to different maculopathies
Authors: Morales Marco U. , Saker Saker , Wilde Craig , Rubinstein Martin , Limoli Paolo , Amoaku Winfried M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Fixation stability (FS) of the preferred retinal locus (PRL) may be improved by biofeedback fixation training (BFT) with microperimetry. Such training can be done on the patient’s PRL or in different retinal loci with better functional characteristics. We studied both options and compared the outcomes.

Methods
Sixty-seven consecutive patients with bilateral central vision loss, poor FS and visual acuity (VA) lower than 0.3 LogMAR were recruited for BFT with microperimeter. Patients were assigned into 2 groups. In group A, BFT was performed on the patient’s spontaneous PRL. In group B, PRL was located between 2 adjacent loci with the highest light sensitivity and the lowest distance from the fovea. Two sets of 12 weekly BFT sessions were performed. Primary outcomes were: FS, VA and reading speed.

Results
Outcomes were statistically significantly better in group B. Mean percentage of FS at therapy end improved from 32 to 35% for group A and from 40 to 55% in group B. Mean VA improved from 1 to 0.86 in group A and from 1 to 0.84 in group B. Reading speed (wpm) improved from 56 to 58 in group A and from 63 to 89 in group B.

Conclusions
This study describes a reliable methodology of improving eccentric fixation stability using BFT in microperimetry, when the fixation training locus is individualized as the retinal area with best functional characteristics. Further studies are needed to validate its value in a larger scale of patients, at different stages of the disease, and its persistence over time.