bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Morphological Changes With Functional Deficit Associated With Sexual Arousal in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Baek Han-Su , Kim Gwang-Won , Sundaram Thirunavukkarasu , Park Kwangsung , Jeong Gwang-Woo 
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction
We have not known how menopause synchronously influences brain morphology and function associated with visually stimulated sexual arousal in postmenopausal women.

Aim
This study used a combination of functional magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry to evaluate menopause-related brain morphological and functional changes in postmenopausal women.

Methods
Nineteen premenopausal women and 19 postmenopausal women underwent functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Brain function activity was measured while the subjects viewed an erotic video clip.

Main Outcome Measures
A 2-sample t-test was used for cross-analysis of the 2 groups for comparison of gray matter volumes (corrected P &lt; .05) and brain activation (uncorrected P &lt; .01).

Results
Our study revealed a relationship between sexual function and morphological changes in postmenopausal women. Compared with premenopausal women, the postmenopausal group showed significantly lower brain activations in the major parts of the limbic system and basal ganglia, including the parahippocampal gyrus, head of caudate nucleus, insula, putamen, hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and globus pallidus, which are involved in sexual behavior and emotional responses. In morphometric analyses, postmenopausal women showed significantly decreased gray matter volumes of the insula, putamen, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, and anterior cingulate gyrus, most of which were associated with decreased functional activity during visual sexual arousal in postmenopausal women. In addition, the premenopausal group alone showed a positive correlation between the activity of the insula and the level of estradiol (Pearson correlation r = 0.588; P = .008).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates an association between menopause-related brain function and morphological changes in postmenopausal women. This finding provides insight into the neural mechanisms associated with the sexual functional deficit in postmenopausal women. Baek H-S, Kim G-W, Sundaram T, et al. Brain Morphological Changes with Functional Deficit Associated with Sexual Arousal in Postmenopausal Women. Sex Med 2019;7:480–488.
Les deux corps des juifs: Droits et pratiques de citoyenneté des habitants du ghetto de Rome,xvie-xviiiesiècle
Authors: Groppi Angela 
Published: October 2019

RésumésAprès les interdictions et les limitations introduites au moment de l’institution du ghetto en 1555, les juifs de Rome engagèrent une bataille séculaire pour sauvegarder leur capacité d’agir professionnelle et commerciale. De cette bataille dépendirent non seulement les modes de leur appartenance à la sphère économique, mais aussi la négociation et la défense de leur statut de citoyens. S’il fut plus difficile pour les habitants du ghetto de résister à la pression conversionniste de l’Église ainsi qu’aux confiscations et aux destructions répétées de leurs livres, ils parvinrent plus aisément à obtenir gain de cause sur le plan des revendications économiques, notamment en s’appuyant sur leius commune. Les archives des tribunaux, y compris ceux du Saint-Office et de la Rote, conservent les traces des nombreux contentieux les opposant aux marchands et aux artisans chrétiens. Celles-ci montrent que les juifs romains réussirent à exercer, au cours de la longue histoire du ghetto, leurs multiples activités, non seulement grâce à des pratiques transgressives, ou à une tolérance pragmatique dictée par l’utilité de leurs métiers et de leurs trafics, mais aussi et surtout à travers l’infatigable défense des normes juridiques autorisant leur agir économique. En faisant preuve d’une extraordinaire résilience, ils réussirent à vivre pendant des siècles en tant que juifs dans une société à majorité chrétienne et à tenir tête, souvent avec succès, à des concurrents économiques qui, brandissant l’étendard de leur « chrétienté », prétendaient qu’il ne fallait pas considérer cette minorité comme « des hommes d’un même peuple et comme des citoyens ».
Les coureurs de bois et le destin de l’empire français (note critique)
Authors: Hämäläinen Pekka 
Published: October 2019

RésumésCette note critique de l’Histoire des coureurs de bois : Amérique du Nord, 1600-1840 de Gilles Havard analyse l’ouvrage comme l’exemple d’un type de recherche nouveau embrassant un sujet extrêmement vaste pour en éplucher patiemment les différentes couches, le soumettre à une analyse microhistorique minutieuse et en offrir une vue d’ensemble complète qui le replace dans un contexte historique le plus large possible. Ce faisant, l’auteur parvient à fournir une vue de grande envergure sur les coureurs de bois en tant qu’acteurs historiques importants ayant parfois travaillé pour les ambitions impériales de la France en Amérique du Nord, parfois contre, parfois uniquement pour leur avantage propre. En s’écartant du cadre théorique qui domine l’historiographie nord-américaine aujourd’hui, Havard développe plusieurs thèmes importants qui traversent habilement l’histoire impériale, coloniale, économique, sociale, culturelle, environnementale et du genre, sans négliger les récits sur l’État, sur la technique et sur la mémoire. Histoire des coureurs de bois montre comment concilier, en pratique, la créativité conceptuelle avec une analyse détaillée et complète, sans compromettre aucune des deux.
Howling Winds: Sound, Sense, and the Politics of Noise Regulation
Authors: Mopas Michael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper explores attempts made in North America to govern noise and uses the current debates over the impact of wind turbines on human health as a site for examining the politics of noise regulation. I address a number of key questions: First, how has noise been defined and how have these definitions changed over time? Second, how have we tried to control noise and on what grounds have we done this? Lastly, how have our responses to noise been shaped by who is making the noise and who is being disturbed? I argue that our understandings of noise and how we regulate it cannot be disentangled from the broader social, political, cultural, and technological contexts in which these discussions take place. Ultimately, the debates about noise regulation have as much to do with who is making the noise and who is being disturbed as the noise, itself.
The putative Ordovician annelid wormHaileyia adhaerensRuedemann, 1934 is not a recognizable fossil
Authors: Muir Lucy A. , Botting Joseph P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA number of putative annelid worms have been described from Ordovician strata, and these records are included in large-scale compilations of paleontological data. If these fossils are worms, they may yield important phylogenetic information; conversely, if they are not worms, they should not be included in large-scale databases. In either case, restudy of the type material of these supposed annelids is useful. The type material (holotype and one paratype) of one of these putative annelids,Haileyia adhaerensRuedemann, 1934, from the Middle Ordovician Normanskill Shale of Idaho, USA, is re-described and re-illustrated. The original description stated that the species is segmented, with parapodia, papillae, and setae, and lived attached to graptolites. Upon re-examination, the setae could not be detected, and the segmentation, parapodia, and papillae are herein re-interpreted as taphonomic, rather than biological, features. The supposed attachment ofHaileyiato graptolites is likely to represent fortuitous bedding-surface associations. There is no evidence thatHaileyia adhaerensis an annelid, or even a recognizable fossil.
IN DEFENCE OF UNJUST ENRICHMENT
Authors: Burrows Andrew 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis article seeks to defend the law of unjust enrichment against the recent influential attacks of Robert Stevens (“The Unjust Enrichment Disaster” (2018) 134 LQR 574) and Lionel Smith (“Restitution: A New Start?” in Devonshire and Havelock, The Impact of Equity and Restitution in Commerce (2018), ch. 5). A central argument here put forward is that there is a law of unjust enrichment, embodying a cause of action in unjust enrichment, which unites what Stevens and Smith see as disparate categories. A linked but separate argument is that, within the central area of unjust enrichment, Stevens is incorrect to regard the defendant's acceptance of performance as being necessary to trigger restitution albeit that acceptance may be relevant in establishing that the defendant has been enriched. A further, and more specific, argument is that, with great respect, the overruling, as a matter of principle, of Sempra Metals Ltd. v IRC [2007] UKHL 34, [2008] 1 A.C. 561, by the Supreme Court in Prudential Assurance Ltd. v HMRC [2018] UKSC 39, [2018] 3 WLR 652, seems unfortunate and appears to have been influenced by Stevens's excessively narrow approach to the meaning of “at the expense of”.
TEENAGE GIRLS, FEMALE FRIENDSHIP AND THE MAKING OF THE SEXUAL REVOLUTION IN ENGLAND, 1950–1980
Authors: CHARNOCK HANNAH 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHow can we explain rising levels of pre-marital sex in post-war Britain? Focusing on the experiences of young women growing up in Britain between 1950 and 1980, this article argues that changes in sexual practice were brought about by shifts in the social value of sexual knowledge and experience. While the figure of the ‘nice girl’ was still central to understandings of respectable femininity, across this period social status and reputation became linked to demonstrations of attractiveness and sexual knowing. For girls of the post-war generation, discussions of sex were central to how they related to those around them, and the decisions that teenagers made about their own sexual practice were informed by their perceptions of what their friends and peers would think of them. The article argues that, by considering the history of sexuality at a ‘local’ scale between the macro-level of culture and the micro-level of individual sexual selfhood, we not only gain an important new perspective on the everyday sexual experience but also uncover new processes of socio-sexual change.
Triple-band operation achievement via multi-input multi-output antenna for wireless communication system applications
Authors: Azari-Nasab T. , Ghobadi CH. , Azarm B. , Majidzadeh M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna is designed and discussed for multi-band applications. The constituent antennas are composed of four L-shaped elements and a ground plane. When placed beside each other to form a MIMO antenna, a T-bar shaped parasitic structure is also embedded between the antennas on the backside of the substrate to increase the inter-element isolation. The triple-band performance of the antenna is observed at 2.15–2.73 GHz, 3.1–3.9 GHz, and 5.04–6 GHz. The isolation level of more than 20 is seen over the operating frequency range. The fabricated prototype of the MIMO antenna size is very compact (20 × 40 mm), printed on the FR4 substrate. Based on simulation and experimental results, the proposed design is useful for WiMAX and WLAN applications.
Morphological Computation of Dune Evolution with Equilibrium and Non‐Equilibrium Sediment‐Transport Models
Authors: Yamaguchi Satomi , Giri Sanjay , Shimizu Yasuyuki , Nelson Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents an exploratory study that comprises the implementation and comparison of different approaches and parameterization of sediment transport mechanisms in a process‐based morphological model for simulating river dunes. The purpose of this study was to assess the underlying physical processes associated with sediment transport and dune evolution simulated by the model using two different bedload transport models: a non‐equilibrium approach considering saltation distance and an equilibrium approach with the incorporation of the effect of the local bed slope. The study comprised detailed analysis of the bed shear stress and sediment transport over a dune during time varying flows, comparing both transport models and revealing distinctive transient features of bedload transport and dune evolution. We also improved a non‐equilibrium transport model by incorporating a formulation for sediment saltation distance as a length‐scale. Using both sediment transport approaches, the morphological model was applied to replicate a large‐scale field experiment. Notably, the model yielded the quasi‐equilibrium dune feature reasonably well using either sediment‐transport formulation. However, detailed analysis of simulated spatial and temporal features of sediment transport and the dune evolution process were found to be noticeably different. Even though both sediment transport mechanisms appear to work adequately at a basic level, the major difference between the two approaches is the underlying transport process over the dunes and time‐scale of the dune evolution process.
Spatial Patterns of Storm‐Induced Landslides and Their Relation to Rainfall Anomaly Maps
Authors: Marc Odin , Gosset Marielle , Saito Hitoshi , Uchida Taro , Malet Jean‐Philippe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractStorm‐induced landslides are a common hazard, but the link between their spatial pattern and rainfall properties is poorly understood, mostly because hillslope stability is modulated by under‐constrained, spatially variable topographic, hydrological, and mechanical properties. Here, we use a long‐term rainfall data set from the Japanese radar network to discuss why the landslide pattern caused by a major typhoon poorly correlates with the event rainfall but agrees with the event rainfall normalized by the 10‐year return period rainfall amount, that is, a rainfall anomaly. This may be explained if the variability in hillslope properties has coevolved with the recent climate and can be accounted for with such normalization. Further, rock types seem to respond to rainfall anomalies at various timescales, favoring specific landslide geometries, and suggesting various hydrological properties in these zones. The computation of rainfall anomalies for multiple timescales may pave the way toward operational landslide forecasts in case of large storms.
Characteristics of GNSS Total Electron Content Enhancements Over the Midlatitudes During a Geomagnetic Storm on 7 and 8 November 2004
Authors: Sori T. , Shinbori A. , Otsuka Y. , Tsugawa T. , Nishioka M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe characteristics of global electron density variations in the ionosphere during a geomagnetic storm on 7 and 8 November 2004 were investigated using total electron content (TEC) obtained from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The regions of enhanced TEC over North America, Europe, and Japan first appeared in the middle‐latitude regions. The TEC enhancements over North America showed a rapid longitudinal expansion and reached a wide longitudinal extent during the initial and main phases of the geomagnetic storm. TEC enhancements were simultaneously observed in both North America and Japan at 05:00 UT on 8 November. Observation data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program showed a slight enhancement of electron density at 850 km below the equatorward boundary of the middle‐latitude trough (45–48°N in geomagnetic latitude) over the Pacific Ocean. This electron density variation may correspond to the TEC enhancements observed in both Japan and North America. These results imply that an enhanced TEC region existed between North America and Japan. The TEC enhancement in Japan appeared with a magnetic conjugacy in the Southern Hemisphere, indicating one of the characteristics of storm‐enhanced density (SED). Moreover, TEC enhancements simultaneously appeared from Japan to central Asia at 11:00 UT on 8 November, corresponding to the early recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm. From the above results, it is suggested that SED phenomena can be simultaneously generated over a wide longitudinal width (~100°). The longitudinal extent of this SED event is 2.5–5.0 times longer than those reported by previous studies.
Magnetic Field Observations on Cassini's Proximal Periapsis Passes: Planetary Period Oscillations and Mean Residual Fields
Authors: Provan G. , Cowley S. W. H. , Bradley T. J. , Bunce E. J. , Hunt G. J. , Cao H. , Dougherty M. K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWe analyze periapsis pass magnetic field data from the final 23 orbits of the Cassini spacecraft at Saturn, uniquely encompassing auroral, subauroral, ring region, and intra‐ring field lines, to determine the planetary period oscillations (PPOs) and mean residual fields in these regions. Dual modulation by northern and southern PPO systems is found almost continuously, demonstrating for the first time the presence of PPOs on and inside ring region field lines. The azimuthal component displays the largest ~10–15nT PPO amplitudes on auroral field lines, falling across the subauroral region to ~3–5 nT on main ring field lines in the northern hemisphere, less in the southern hemisphere, while increasing to ~5–8 nT on D ring and intra‐D ring field lines. Auroral and subauroral amplitudes mapped along field lines are in good agreement with previous analyses in regions of overlap. Colatitudinal and radial field oscillations generally have a half and a quarter the amplitude of the azimuthal component, respectively. Inner region oscillation phases are typically several tens of degrees “earlier” than those of outer subauroral and auroral regions. Mean residual poloidal fields (internal and ring current fields subtracted) show quasi‐sinusoidal latitude variations of ~2.5nT amplitude, with radial and colatitudinal fields approximately in quadrature. Mean azimuthal fields peaking at ~15 nT are approximately symmetrical about the equator on and inside D ring field lines as previously reported, but are unexpectedly superposed on ~3–5nT “lagging” fields which extend continuously through the ring region onto subauroral field lines north and south.
Tall Tower Ammonia Observations and Emission Estimates in the U.S. Midwest
Authors: Griffis Timothy J. , Hu Cheng , Baker John M. , Wood Jeffrey D. , Millet Dylan B. , Erickson Mathew , Yu Zhongjie , Deventer M. Julian , Winker Cody , Chen Zichong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractAtmospheric ammonia (NH3) has increased dramatically as a consequence of the production of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizer and proliferation of intensive livestock systems. It is a chemical of environmental concern as it readily reacts with atmospheric acids to produce fine particulate matter and indirectly contributes to nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Here, we present the first tall tower observations of NH3 within the U.S. Corn Belt for the period April 2017 through December 2018. Hourly average NH3 mixing ratios were measured at 100 and 56 m above the ground surface and fluxes were estimated using a modified gradient approach. The highest NH3 mixing ratios (>30 nmol mol−1) occurred during early spring and late fall, coinciding with the timing of fertilizer application within the region and the occurrence of warm air temperatures. Net ecosystem NH3 exchange was greatest in spring and fall with peak emissions of about +50 nmol m−2 s−l. Annual NH3 emissions estimated using state‐of‐the‐art inventories ranged from 0.6 to 1.4 × the mean annual gross tall tower fluxes (+2.1 nmol m−2 s−1). If the tall tower observations are representative of the Upper Midwest and broader U.S. Corn Belt regions, the annual gross emissions were +720 Gg NH3‐N y−1 and +1,340 Gg NH3‐N y−1, respectively. Finally, considering the N2O budget over the same region, we estimated total reactive N emissions (i.e., N2O + NH3) of approximately 1,790 Gg N y−1 from the U.S. Corn Belt, representing ~23% of the current annual new N input.
A Wideband Absorber of Load Dipoles on a Dielectric Substrate with Inductive Ground Plane
Authors: Chang Y. M. , Chow Y. L. , Che W. Q. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA planar array of dipoles with matched loads in air backed by a ground plane at a quarter wavelength would become an absorber with a −10‐dB bandwidth of about 10%. Obviously, if the air substrate behind the dipoles is replaced by a dielectric substrate, the physical thickness of the absorber, saying a quarter wavelength, can be reduced. Meanwhile, as the incident waves illuminate on the absorber, the reflections are mainly from three ways, which are the air‐dielectric interface, the back scattering of the loaded dipole as a receiving antenna, and the ground plane. This paper shows that with the combination of the three reflections and a suitable dielectric constant together with its dipole separations, the −10‐dB bandwidth of the absorber increases to 20% and beyond. To further decrease the thickness of the dipole‐based absorber, inductive ground plane is introduced to replace the normal ground; phase analyses of the dipole‐based absorber with inductive ground is also given to explain the feasibility of the proposed technique. Both simulations and measurement results show that, with the proposed technique above, not only the thickness of the dipole‐based absorber can be decreased from a quarter wavelength to less than fifth wavelength, but also the −10‐dB bandwidth of the reflection can be enhanced from 20% to 48% or so.
A Compact Flower‐Shaped Printed Monopole MIMO Antenna for Wideband Applications
Authors: Nath V. , Kumar M. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis paper presents a 2 × 1 flower‐shaped (FS) multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) monopole antenna with enhanced bandwidth and compact dimensions for modern wireless wideband applications. The proposed FS‐MIMO antenna is formed by merging multiple ellipses, each of which has a different value of semimajor axis length and eccentricity. These ellipses are used to obtain resonances at different frequencies, which cumulatively give a wideband behavior. The antenna characteristics such as reflection coefficient (S11), peak gain, surface current distribution at different resonating frequencies, and 2‐D radiation patterns are investigated. The measured impedance bandwidth (for S11 below—10 dB) of the implemented antenna is around 126% (2.52–11.12 GHz). The measured peak gain varies from 2.16 to 6.57 dB in the entire impedance bandwidth. Furthermore, the measured values of diversity performance parameters such as envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, total active reflection coefficient, and mutual coupling (S21) are found within their acceptable limit. The more compact dimensions of 22 × 24 mm2 (or about 0.15λ0 × 0.16 λ0) as compared to the latest state‐of‐art along with the good diversity performance makes the proposed antenna a capable contender for antenna structures supporting wide impedance bandwidth wireless applications. The proposed antenna shows the good matching characteristics under various scenarios such as an extended ground plane, USB connector, and device housing (both vertical and horizontal).