bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O/W Pickering emulsions stabilized by Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide nanoparticles as a fat substitute: the effects of phase separation on emulsified sausage's techno‐functional and sensory quality
Authors: Yang Yiran , Wang Wenhang , Wu Zinan , Wang Xiao , Zhang Kai , Li Yu 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe application of Pickering emulsion stabilized by food‐derived particles is of great interest in the food field, including meat processing. However, the creaming phenomenon is a thorny problem and may impact the resulting product quality. Here, we used polysaccharide nanoparticles from Flammulina velutipes (FVPN) as a stabilizer to prepare a oil/water Pickering emulsion and partly replace the original fat of common emulsified sausage, focusing on exploring the influence of phase separation on the sausage's techno‐functional and sensory quality, with the aim of developing a new alternative fat substitute.RESULTSReformulated sausages showed increases in moisture (53.24–64.85%) and protein content (11.97–12.76%), but were reduced in fat content (27.28–18.76%). The increased FPOE (FVPN–palm oil emulsion; substitution rate 5–37%) amount in sausages resulted in significantly reduced (P < 0.05) cooking loss (18.87–8.63%). Meanwhile, emulsion improved the springiness and cohesiveness of sausage and significantly reduced (P < 0.05) hardness and chewiness when the replacement amount was less than 20%. Experimental sausages attained a more compact pore structure without harming sensory characteristics. Compared with creaming emulsion, pristine emulsion resulted in a sausage with higher moisture content, lower cooking loss, better elasticity and denser structure.CONCLUSIONThe characteristics of sausages could be influenced by emulsion stability. Emulsion, especially with no creaming, can be effectively used as fat substitute at a level of 20% or less without adversely affecting the sensory characteristics of emulsified sausages. The incorporation of FPOE provides the potential for developing a new alternative approach for animal fat improvement in meat products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of parent‐based social media and moderate exercise on the adherence and pulmonary functions among asthmatic children
Authors: Lin Han‐Hong , Hung Yi‐Ping , Weng Shih‐Han , Lee Pei‐Yi , Sun Wei‐Zen 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOur previous study showed Tai‐Chi‐Chuan (TCC) training, a moderate exercise, at school improved pulmonary function and inflammation profiles in children with mild asthma. However, habitual practice is hard to maintain with the lack of continuous family and peer support. We investigated whether parental intervention with social media could enhance children's adherence to exercise at home and improve asthmatic outcome measures. Parents were opted to attend a 12‐week TCC classroom training, supervise home practice, and report to a four‐step web‐based social media platform to stay updated and motivated through logging activity and tracking competition. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO), FEV1/FVC and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were measured before and after 12 weeks of training. Fifty‐three asthmatic children were allocated into non‐TCC (control, n = 12), TCC groups with moderate‐to‐severe (TCC‐S, n = 26) and mild‐to‐moderate (TCC‐M, n = 15) asthma. We found both TCC groups exhibited better pulmonary function than the non‐TCC control. TCC increased FVC in mild‐to‐moderate asthma children while more pronounced improvement in FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEF and FeNO was noticed in moderate‐to‐severe asthmatic children. All TCC subjects retained greater participation and better interaction online except for low‐ranking families who dramatically dropped their practice 9 weeks later. For asthmatic children, moderate exercise improves pulmonary functions in a severity‐dependent fashion. Parent‐based Learn‐Practice‐Persuade‐Award wheel is a useful platform to motivate children engagement in physical activity. Classical social persuasive skills could enhance general parent‐child relationship but tend to decrease in persuasiveness over time in low‐ranking families.
A basal‐enriched microRNA is required for prostate tumorigenesis in a Pten knockout mouse model
Authors: Fan Xiying , Bjerke Glen A. , Riemondy Kent , Wang Li , Yi Rui 
Published: September 2019

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in prostate cancer development. However, it remains unclear how individual miRNAs contribute to the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. Here we show that a basal layer‐enriched miRNA is required for prostate tumorigenesis. We identify miR‐205 as the most highly expressed miRNA and enriched in the basal cells of the prostate. Although miR‐205 is not required for normal prostate development and homeostasis, genetic deletion of miR‐205 in a Pten null tumor model significantly compromises tumor progression and does not promote metastasis. In Pten null basal cells, loss of miR‐205 attenuates pAkt levels and promotes cellular senescence. Furthermore, although overexpression of miR‐205 in prostate cancer cells with luminal phenotypes inhibits cell growth in both human and mouse, miR‐205 has a minimal effect on the growth of a normal human prostate cell line. Taken together, we have provided genetic evidence for a requirement of miR‐205 in the progression of Pten null‐induced prostate cancer.
The NF‐κB‐modulated miR‐19a‐3p enhances malignancy of human ovarian cancer cells through inhibition of IGFBP‐3 expression
Authors: Bai Ru , Cui Zhenhua , Ma Yongjing , Wu Yang , Wang Ningping , Huang Ling , Yao Qing , Sun Jianmin 
Published: September 2019

AbstractOvarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy due to the lack of symptoms until advanced stages, and new diagnosis and treatment strategy is in urgent need. In this study, we found higher expression of miR‐19a‐3p in ovarian cancer tissues compared with that in the adjacent normal tissues. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis, we showed that nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) binds to the promoter of miR‐19a‐3p, leading to reduced expression in ovarian cancer cells. Further study indicated that miR‐19a‐3p inhibits the expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 (IGFBP‐3), resulting in enhanced growth and migration of ovarian cancer cells in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. These results showed that miR‐19a‐3p enhances the oncogenesis of ovarian cancer through inhibition of IGFBP‐3 expression, and which can be inhibited by NF‐κB, suggesting an NF‐κB/miR‐19a‐3p/IGFBP‐3 pathway in the oncogenesis of ovarian cancer, which expands our understanding of ovarian cancer and they may contribute to the development of new diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer.
Compact high‐selectivity tunable dual‐mode filter with constant bandwidth by adopting frequency‐dependent S‐L coupling
Authors: Zhu Jia‐Ming , Xue Yi‐Fan , Sun Liang , Liu Fei , Deng Hon‐Wei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractA compact high‐selectivity tunable dual‐mode microstrip bandpass filter (BPF) with constant bandwidth is proposed in this letter. Three self‐adaptive transmission zeros (TZs) are generated due to the frequency‐dependent source‐load (S‐L) coupling and intrinsic characteristic of dual‐mode resonator, which can sharpen the skirt and deepen the upper stopband. The passband performance can be mainly determined by the pole separation Δf of dual‐mode and external quality factor Qe. Finally, a tunable filter with tuning range from 1.15 to 1.65GHz, constant 3 dB absolute bandwidth (ABW3dB) of 120 ± 5 MHz is designed and fabricated. The measurement results show good agreement with simulated ones, which confirms the design feasibility.
Ultra wideband THz graphene four‐port circulators
Authors: Dmitriev Victor , Matos da Silva Samara L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn the presence of a DC magnetic field, the conductivity of graphene acquires tensor character with antisymmetric nondiagonal elements. This property can be used for creation of nonreciprocal elements in THz region. In this work, we propose and investigate two 4‐port circulators with a planar structure. They are composed of a graphene layer placed on a dielectric substrate. The orientation of the external DC magnetic field is normal to the graphene layer. The graphene geometry of the first circulator presents four strips with surface plasmon‐polariton waves. The strips are connected symmetrically to the magnetized central region such that the whole structure possesses 4‐fold rotational symmetry. The operating region of the circulator at low frequency end is limited by the cyclotron frequency of magnetized graphene and at high frequencies by the appearance of the higher mode in the graphene waveguidings structures. Using numerical calculus, we give an example of the circulator project with the following scattering parameters:
S11 is better than −10 dB, the isolation level is less than −15 dB, insertion loss is better than −3 dB in the (1.6 ÷ 2.65) THz region with the bandwidth of 44%. The second four‐port circulator has a linear geometry with lower symmetry where the number of ports can be easily increased. It has the bandwidth also of about 44%. In both cases, the DC magnetic field is 1.5 T and the Fermi energy of graphene
μc = 0.15 eV.
Whole‐body exposure to cigarette smoke alters oocyte miRNAs expression in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Budani Maria Cristina , D'Aurora Marco , Stuppia Liborio , Gatta Valentina , Tiboni Gian Mario 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCigarette smoke is toxic for the female reproductive system with particular reference to the ovary. The purpose of the study was to investigate if the microRNAs (miRNAs) pattern could be altered by cigarette smoke exposure in mouse oocytes. For this purpose, C57BL/6 mice were whole‐body exposed to three cigarettes daily, 7 days/week, for 2 or 4 months by a specific rodent ventilator. Mice were then superovulated and oocytes collected. MII oocytes pools obtained by single animals were deprived of cumulus cells and used to extract total RNA including miRNAs. TaqMan™ Rodent MicroRNA A Array v2.0 was used to analyze the miRNAs expression profile. The biological functions and the functional networks of the identified up‐ and downregulated miRNAs were analyzed by ingenuity pathway analysis software. The gene expression of deregulated‐miRNAs targets was evaluated. For the first time, the global miRNAs changes in mouse oocyte in response to cigarette smoke exposure were disclosed. Our results revealed significant modulation of miRNAs mainly involved in inflammatory processes, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. miRNAs expression was altered in a time‐dependent manner. Smoke exposure induced an early downregulation of Dicer1. Transcriptional alterations of the modulated miRNAs major targets, estrogen receptor 1, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐alpha, and tumor protein 53, as well as that of other key regulatory genes, were evidenced. Cigarette smoke represents a stimulus able to alter miRNAs pattern in mouse oocyte. This study increases our understanding of the ovarian toxicity profile of cigarette smoke, and open new roads toward the identification of biomarkers of oocyte toxicity and dysregulation.
Improving clinical outcomes with lower motor voltage (≤3 V) during stage 1 sacral neuromodulation for interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome
Authors: Marinkovic Serge P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAimsWe desire to evaluate whether utilization of ≤3 V (new experimental approach) vs the traditional four or more volts for lead motor response during stage 1 sacral neuromodulation may impart an improvement in voiding and pain parameters.MethodsAn observational, retrospective, double cohort review was conducted of 179 female patients who experienced medically recalcitrant interstitial cystitis (IC) or bladder pain syndrome (BPS) between January 2002 and January 2013. Group A included 105 women with a motor response of ≤3 V; group B was comprised of 65 women with a motor response at ≥4 V for medically recalcitrant IC or BPS. Patients completed a 3‐day pre‐ and postoperative voiding diary, visual analog pain (VAP) scale, pain urgency frequency (PUF), and Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI‐I) questionnaire.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) follow‐up in months was 120.1 ± 33.3 in group A and 116.3 ± 29.2 in group B (P < .45). A successful conversion from stage 1 to stage 2 showed statistically significant improvement for group A compared with group B (95.4% vs 73.8% conversion rate; P < .001). The success rate also favored group A, with 87.6% success compared with 66.2% for group B (P < .002). Group A mean postoperative VAP scores improved over group B with 3.3 ± 1.2 compared with 5.0 ± 0.8 (P < .001). Group A mean postoperative PUF scores were 10.2 ± 2.7 and group B 14.7 ± 3.5, (P < .001).ConclusionsIn the ≤3 V patient cohort, a compelling, significant statistical improvement was noted in most clinical voiding parameters, including the VAP, PGI‐I, and performance questionnaires.
Parallel adaptive FETI‐DP using lightweight asynchronous dynamic load balancing
Authors: Klawonn Axel , Kühn Martin J. , Rheinbach Oliver 
Published: September 2019

SummaryA parallel FETI‐DP domain decomposition method using an adaptive coarse space is presented. The implementation builds on a recently introduced adaptive FETI‐DP approach for elliptic problems in three dimensions and uses small, local eigenvalue problems for faces and, additionally, for a small number of edges. The condition number of the preconditioned operator then satisfies a bound that is independent of coefficient heterogeneities in the problem. The computational cost of the local eigenvalue problems is not negligible, and also a significant load imbalance can be introduced. As a remedy, certain eigenvalue problems are discarded by a theory‐guided heuristic strategy, based on the diagonal entries of the stiffness matrices. Additionally, a lightweight pairwise dynamic load balancing strategy is implemented for the eigenvalue problems. The load balancing is supervised by an orchestrating rank using asynchronous point‐to‐point communication. The resulting method shows good weak and strong scalability up to thousands of cores while fast convergence is obtained even for heterogeneous problems.
Mechanochemical Preparations of Anion Coordinated Architectures Based on 3‐Iodoethynylpyridine and 3‐Iodoethynylbenzoic Acid
Authors: Morin Vincent M. , Szell Patrick M. J. , Caron‐Poulin Estelle , Gabidullin Bulat , Bryce David L. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe halogen bond has previously been explored as a versatile tool in crystal engineering and anion coordination chemistry, with mechanochemical synthetic techniques having been shown to provide convenient routes towards cocrystals. In an effort to expand our knowledge on the role of halogen bonding in anion coordination, here we explore a series of cocrystals formed between 3‐iodoethynylpyridine and 3‐iodoethynylbenzoic acid with halide salts. In total, we report the single‐crystal X‐ray structures of six new cocrystals prepared by mechanochemical ball milling, with all structures exhibiting C≡C−I⋅⋅⋅X− (X=Cl, Br) halogen bonds. Whereas cocrystals featuring a pyridine group favoured the formation of discrete entities, cocrystals featuring a benzoic acid group yielded an alternation of halogen and hydrogen bonds. The compounds studied herein were further characterized by 13C and 31P solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, with the chemical shifts offering a clear and convenient method of identifying the occurrence of halogen bonding, using the crude product obtained directly from the mechanochemical ball milling. Whereas the 31P chemical shifts were quickly able to identify the occurrence of cocrystallization, 13C solid‐state NMR was diagnostic of both the occurrence of halogen bonding and of hydrogen bonding.
Tumor bed proton irradiation in young children with localized medulloblastoma
Authors: Grewal Amardeep S. , Li Yimei , Fisher Michael J. , Minturn Jane , Paltin Iris , Belasco Jean , Phillips Peter , Kang Tammy , Lustig Robert A. , Hill‐Kayser Christine 
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackgroundRadiotherapy is often deferred in very young children with medulloblastoma, in favor of more intense chemotherapy and stem cell rescue; however, posterior fossa radiation has been shown to improve overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival compared with adjuvant chemotherapy alone. This study was performed to assess the OS, recurrence‐free survival (RFS), patterns of failure, and clinical toxicity for children aged five and under who received focal proton radiation to the tumor bed alone.ProcedureFrom 2010 to 2017, 14 patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma at one institution received tumor bed irradiation following surgery and chemotherapy. The median age of the patients was 40 months (range, 10.9‐62.9 months).ResultsWith a median follow‐up of 54 months, four patients relapsed: three within the central nervous system (CNS) outside of the posterior fossa, and one within the tumor bed after subtotal resection. All relapses occurred within 28 months after the completion of radiation therapy. Five‐year OS and RFS for this cohort of patients were 84% (95% CI, 48%‐96%) and 70% (95% CI, 38%‐88%), respectively. One patient experienced significant tumor regrowth soon after completion of radiation, autopsy showed viable tumor and necrosis near and within the brainstem, with relation to radiation unknown; however, no other acute clinical toxicities greater than grade 2 were observed in this group of patients. In the nine patients with available performance status follow‐up, no significant changes in Lansky performance status were observed.ConclusionsFive‐year OS and RFS following tumor bed irradiation in young children with medulloblastoma appear to be improved compared with other studies that forego the use of radiation therapy in this patient population. This approach should be further investigated in young children with medulloblastoma.
Comprehensive quality evaluation of Polygoni Orientalis Fructus and its processed product: chemical fingerprinting and simultaneous determination of seven major components coupled with chemometric analyses
Authors: Ba Yinying , Xiao Ran , Chen Qi‐Jun , Xie Li‐Yuan , Xu Rong‐Rong , Yu Ping , Chen Xiao‐Qing , Wu Xia 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionPolygoni Orientalis Fructus (POF) is a clinically effective Chinese medicine. Raw POF (RPOF) and POF Tostus (POFT) are used separately in clinics. However, incomplete progress has been made on quality control.ObjectiveTo establish a comprehensive method for quality assessment of RPOF and POFT and to discriminate these two varieties.MethodologyHigh‐performance liquid chromatography combined with the diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD) methods were developed for fingerprinting and quantitative analysis of seven major compounds in RPOF and POFT, and the main components were determined by HPLC‐DAD coupled with Fourier‐transform ion cyclotron resonance‐mass spectrometry. Chemometric approaches were performed to discriminate RPOF and POFT and to screen discriminatory components.ResultsFingerprints were established and 12 common peaks were identified, cannabisin G and cannabisin E were firstly identified from POF. In quantitative analysis, all analytes showed good regression (R > 0.9996) within test ranges and the recovery of the method was in the range 96.6–104.3%. Fingerprints in conjunction with similarity analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) demonstrated the consistent quality of RPOF and showed a clear discrimination between RPOF and POFT. Principal component analysis, partial least‐squares discriminant analysis, and heatmap‐HCA on quantitative data not only gave a clear differentiation between RPOF and POFT, but they also suggested that quercetin, 3,5,7‐trihydroxychromone, and N‐trans‐feruloyltyramine acted as the main factors responsible for the sample differences.ConclusionsChromatographic analysis in combination with chemometric analysis provides a simple and reliable method of comparing and evaluating the qualities of RPOF and POFT.
Dynamic Fragility of α‐Olefin Molecular Bottlebrushes
Authors: López‐Barrón Carlos R. , Hagadorn John R. 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTThe glass transition temperature, dynamic fragilities, and flow activation energy of a series of well‐entangled poly(α‐olefin) (PαO) molecular bottlebrushes were measured as a function of side chain length (Nsc). The PαO bottlebrushes studied here have side chain lengths,Nsc, ranging from 4 (poly(1‐hexene)) to 10 (poly(1‐dodecene). A linear polyolefin (polypropylene), with Nsc = 1, was included in this study as a reference. The observed glassy dynamics behavior in the PαO bottlebrushes is opposite to that observed in linear polymers, namely, the glass transition temperature, the dynamic fragility, and the activation energy of structural relaxation are decreasing functions of the backbone rigidity. This anomalous behavior is due to a decrease in correlation between adjacent backbones, which is directly related to their cooperativity in the α‐relaxation, asNscand the concomitant distance between backbones increase. This change in conformation is also manifested as an increase in free volume and the consequent decrease in monomeric friction coefficient. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2019,57, 1293–1299
Evaluation of the pulmonary radioaerosol mucociliary clearance scan as an adjunctive test for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia in children
Authors: Vali Reza , Ghandourah Hasan , Charron Martin , Nezhad Kimiya V. , Omarkhail Yusuaf , Khazaee Afsoon , Shammas Amer , Dell Sharon D. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIntroductionThe accuracy of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) diagnosis has improved but no single test is diagnostic and some cases remain unsolved. Data regarding the accuracy of pulmonary radioaerosol mucociliary clearance scan (PRMCC) for the diagnosis of PCD are limited to predominantly adults using a 24‐hour test. This study was performed to determine the accuracy of a 60‐minute PRMCC test for diagnosing PCD in children.MethodsChildren with suspected PCD and inconclusive clinical diagnostic testing in an expert center were selected for PRMCC testing. Nebulized 99mTc sulfur colloid was inhaled and dynamic imaging acquired for 60 to 120 minutes. Two independent radiologists blinded to the clinical diagnosis and health records overread PRMCC studies. The PRMCC result was compared with the reference standard diagnosis of PCD made by two physicians using the cumulative health record, blinded to PRMCC results.ResultsFrom 2008 to 2018, 57 patients (6‐17 years) participated, of which 16 met criteria for the reference diagnosis of PCD. The PRMCC test was conclusive in 54 patients (94.7%) and had a sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 78.2–100), specificity of 85.7% (95% CI = 69.7–95.2), positive predictive value of 75% (95% CI = 57.1–87.1), negative predictive value of 100% (95% CI = 90.2–100), and accuracy of 90% (95% CI = 78.2–96.7).ConclusionThe 60‐minute PRMCC test is noninvasive and feasible in children with a high negative predictive value for PCD. It may be a helpful adjunctive test to rule out PCD when clinical suspicion remains after guideline recommended first‐line clinical testing.