bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial travelling wavefront‐based bus zone protection scheme
Authors: Jena Soumitri , Bhalja Bhavesh R. 
Published: April 2019

A high‐speed busbar protection scheme based on initial travelling wavefronts is presented in this study. The aerial mode current travelling waves (TWs) across all lines connected to the busbar are calculated using Karenbauer transformation. Thereafter, the polarity and magnitude of wavelet transform modulus maximas of line current appearing after fault inception are analysed for fault zone and faulty phase identification. Its performance has been evaluated by modelling an existing 750 kV Indian substation in PSCAD/EMTDC software package. The simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme provides better stability for external faults and higher reliability in case of internal faults in comparison with conventional low‐impedance busbar differential protection scheme (87B). Moreover, it remains immune to the current transformer saturation problems. In the end, comparative evaluation of the proposed scheme with the existing busbar protection schemes proves its superiority in terms of stability against external faults, sensitivity for internal faults, computational obligations, and communication requirements.
Fluid flow and heat transfer analysis of TEFC machine end regions using more realistic end‐winding geometry
Authors: La Rocca Salvatore , Pickering Stephen J. , Eastwick Carol N. , Gerada Chris , Rönnberg Kristian 
Published: April 2019

Here, a typical small low‐voltage totally enclosed fan‐cooled (TEFC) motor (output power ∼10 kW) has been studied using computational fluid dynamics. The complexity of the end‐winding geometries, often consisting of several insulated copper strands bound together, provides a challenge to the modelling and analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow phenomena occurring in the end region, which typically is an area of most interest for thermal management. Approximated geometries are usually employed in order to model the end windings to reduce the analysis time and cost. This paper presents a comparison of two cases, a typical simplified geometry and a more realistic geometry of end windings, and uses these cases to highlight the challenges and impact on predicted heat transfer. A comparison of the two models indicate that the different representations of end winding geometries can affect the heat dissipation rate through the outer housing by up to 45%.
Feasibility study of an induction motor rim drive for an aircraft boundary‐layer‐ingestion fan
Authors: Smith Alexander C. , Iacchetti Matteo F. , Tuohy Paul M. 
Published: April 2019

This study presents a feasibility study for an induction motor rim drive to power aircraft boundary‐layer‐ingestion (BLI) fans. The design is developed from a BLI‐fan specification for traditional aircraft architecture: the rotor is fastened to the rim of the blade shroud, not to obstruct the fan duct and interfere with the air flow. The main objective of this study is the identification of achievable power density and efficiency levels with an induction motor rim drive configuration considering the structural requirements for the integrity of the rotor operating with high tip speeds. The proposed 250 kW, 14,000 rpm design example achieves an efficiency in excess of 97% with an active mass around 20 kg.
Clinical Ultrasound in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Kunze Georg , Seitz Karlheinz , Mauch Martin , Petersen Frauke 
Published: April 2019

AbstractUltrasound should be the first-line imaging method in the medical care of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It can be used to differentiate between Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and to detect numerous complications like stenoses, fistulas, and abscesses. As the method is also highly suitable for follow-up, stressful endoscopic procedures and examinations involving radiation are less necessary. Comparison studies with MRI and CT show that ultrasound is not an inferior method and it is therefore included in all guidelines. Intensifying physician training in this method will help to ensure its comprehensive use.
Brain Metastasis in Papillary Serous Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium
Authors: Eulálio Filho Walberto Monteiro Neiva , Fé Taíla Sousa de Moura , Rodrigues Rodolfo Myronn de Melo , Lima Maria Simone Oliveira , Vieira Sabas Carlos 
Published: April 2019

Background Most endometrial cancers (75%) are diagnosed in early stages (stages I and II), in which abnormal uterine bleeding is the most frequent clinical sign. When the diagnosis is performed in stage IV, the most common sites of metastasis are the lungs, liver and bones. Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis is a rare condition. The aim of this study is to describe a case of uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that progressed to brain and bone metastases.
Case Report We present the case of a 56-year-old woman with abnormal uterine bleeding and endometrial thickened echo (1.8 cm). A hysteroscopy with biopsy was performed, which identified poor differentiated serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A total abdominal hysterectomy, with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, was performed. Analysis of the surgical specimen revealed a grade III uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma. Adjuvant radio/chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel—six cycles) was indicated. Sixteen months after the surgery, the patient began to complain of headaches. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an expansile mass in the right parietal lobe, suggesting a secondary hematogenous implant subsequently confirmed by biopsy. She underwent surgery for treatment of brain metastasis, followed by radiotherapy. She died 12 months after the brain metastasis diagnosis due to disease progression.
Conclusion Uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium has a low propensity to metastasize to the brain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fifth documented case of uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with metastasis to the CNS.
Sex-Specific Differences in Late Preterm Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Battarbee Ashley N. , Glover Angelica V. , Vladutiu Catherine J. , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Aliaga Sofia , Manuck Tracy A. , Boggess Kim A. 
Published: April 2019

Objective To estimate sex-specific differences in late preterm outcomes and evaluate whether betamethasone modifies this association.
Study Design We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter trial of women at risk for late preterm birth randomized to receive betamethasone or placebo. We included women who delivered at 34 to 37 weeks and excluded major fetal anomalies. The primary outcome was severe neonatal morbidity (mechanical ventilation, respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intraventricular hemorrhage). Maternal characteristics were compared using chi-square test, t-test, or Mann–Whitney U-test. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the association between sex and morbidity, and likelihood ratio testing assessed for effect modification by betamethasone.
Results Of 2,831 women in the primary trial, 2,331 met the inclusion criteria: 1,236 delivered males and 1,095 delivered females. Betamethasone modified the association between sex and severe morbidity (p = 0.047). Among those who received betamethasone, male sex was associated with higher odds of severe morbidity (adjusted odds ratio: 1.95, 95% confidence interval: 1.25–3.05), compared with female sex. Among those who did not receive betamethasone, there was no significant association between sex and morbidity.
Conclusion Male sex is a risk factor for adverse late preterm outcomes, including severe neonatal morbidity after betamethasone receipt.
Epidemiological and Treatment Trends of Distal Radius Fractures across Multiple Age Groups
Authors: Azad Ali , Kang H. Paco , Alluri Ram K. , Vakhshori Venus , Kay Harrison F. , Ghiassi Alidad 
Published: April 2019

Background The purpose of this study is to assess the epidemiology, population-specific treatment trends, and complications of distal radius fractures in the United States.
Methods The PearlDiver database (Humana [2007–2014], Medicare [2005–2014]) was used to access US inpatient and outpatient data for all patients who had undergone operative and nonoperative treatment for a distal radius fracture in the United States. Epidemiologic analysis was performed followed by age-based stratification, to assess prevalence, treatment trends, and rates of complications.
Results A total of 1,124,060 distal radius treatment claims were captured. The incidence of distal radius fractures follows a bimodal distribution with distinct peaks in the pediatric and elderly population. Fractures in the pediatric population occurred predominately in males, whereas fractures in the elderly population occurred more frequently in females. The most commonly used modality of treatment was nonoperative; however, the use of internal fixation increased significantly during the study period, from 8.75 to 20.02%, with a corresponding decrease in percutaneous fixation. The overall complication rate was 8.3%, with mechanical symptoms most frequently reported.
Conclusions The last decade has seen a significant increase in the use of internal fixation as treatment modality for distal radius fractures. The impetus for this change is likely multifactorial and partly related to recent innovations including volar locking plates and an increasingly active elderly population. The implicated financial cost must be weighed against the productivity cost of maintaining independent living to determine the true burden to the healthcare system.
The Accuracy and Cost-Effectiveness of Selective Fetal Echocardiography for the Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Patients with Pregestational Diabetes Stratified by Hemoglobin A1c
Authors: Finneran Matthew M. , Ware Courtney A. , Kiefer Miranda K. , Buschur Elizabeth O. , Foy Pamela M. , Thung Stephen F. , Landon Mark B. , Gabbe Steven G. 
Published: April 2019

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) using screening methods including a combination of elevated hemoglobin A1c, detailed anatomy ultrasound, and fetal echocardiography.
Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study of all pregnancies complicated by pregestational diabetes from January 2012 to December 2016. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for each screening regimen. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated for each regimen with effectiveness defined as additional CHD diagnosed.
Results A total of 378 patients met inclusion criteria with an overall prevalence of CHD of 4.0% (n = 15). When compared with a detailed ultrasound, fetal echocardiography had a higher sensitivity (73.3 vs. 40.0%). However, all cases of major CHD were detected by detailed ultrasound (n = 6). Using an elevated early A1c > 7.7% and a detailed ultrasound resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 60.0 and 99.4%, respectively. The use of selective fetal echocardiography for an A1c > 7.7% or abnormal detailed anatomy ultrasound would result in a 63.3% reduction in cost per each additional minor CHD diagnosed (ICER: $18,290.52 vs. $28,875.67).
Conclusion Fetal echocardiography appears to have limited diagnostic value in women with pregestational diabetes. However, these results may not be generalizable outside of a high-volume academic setting.
Restenosis of a Polytetrafluoroethylene-Covered Stent Visualized by Coronary Angioscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography: A Case Report
Authors: Araki Makoto , Hikita Hiroyuki , Sudo Yuta , Hishikari Keiichi , Takahashi Atsushi 
Published: April 2019

AbstractAn expandable polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-covered stent graft is beneficial for the treatment of coronary perforations. However, several reports have shown that restenosis and thrombotic occlusion occasionally occur in the stented segment after PTFE-covered stent implantation. A restenosis case after treatment with PTFE-covered stent against saphenous vein graft (SVG) perforation has never been evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT) or coronary angioscopy (CAS). This case report presents a 75-year-old man treated with a PTFE-covered stent after he suffered from SVG perforation 6 months ago. He was found to have a focal restenosis of the distal edge of the PTFE-covered stent and underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. OCT showed focal restenosis with homogeneous neointima and exposed struts in the middle and proximal part of the PTFE-covered stent. CAS showed white neointima with a smooth surface at the restenosis site and a sharp border against proximal exposed struts with characteristic links. This case study showed, for the first time in vivo and in a human, the neointimal characteristics of restenosis and uncovered stent struts in a PTFE-covered stent which had been implanted 6 months before. The delayed endothelialization was sustained until 12 months after implantation.
Trajectories of psychological stress among public servants after the Great East Japan Earthquake
Authors: Wakashima Koubun , Asai Keigo , Hiraizumi Taku , Noguchi Shuji 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 had a serious psychological impact not only on residents, but also on public servants who worked for residents in prefectures and municipalities. Although public servants worked in highly stressful situations, disaster-related stress among them has not been studied, as has been the case for residents. We examine the stress trajectory of Ishinomaki public servants in Miyagi prefecture (N = 573; 317 men, 256 women), which was directly affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, and analyse the effects of risk factors that included poor workplace communication, insufficient rest, having dead or missing family members, and living in a shelter. Six surveys were conducted (baseline approximately three months after the earthquake, and follow-up in approximately six-month intervals over a four-year period) using the Japanese version of the Kessler six-item Psychological Distress Scale. The analysis was conducted using five models, which included one for each risk factor and all four risk factors. Latent growth curve analysis indicated that stress response follows a cubic trajectory over four years. Psychological distress sharply reduced from 2011 to 2012 before stabilising and then slowly declining from 2014 to 2015. In the results of the analysis for each model, all risk factors affected stress response in the baseline. Individuals with poor levels of workplace communication experienced higher stress than those who had good levels of workplace communication. Our findings show that public servants’ stress responses decrease with time, regardless of whether or not there are risk factors involved. These results suggest that workplace communication in daily life can prevent the deterioration of mental health since risk factors affect the baseline of stress response.
Lifting of parallelohedra
Authors: Grishukhin V. P. , Danilov V. I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A parallelohedron is a polyhedron that can tessellate the space via translations without gaps and overlaps. Voronoi conjectured that any parallelohedron is affinely equivalent to a Dirichlet-Voronoi cell of some lattice. Delaunay used the term displacement parallelohedron in his paper “Sur la tiling régulière de l’espace à 4 dimensions. Première partie”, where the four-dimensional parallelohedra are listed. In our work, such a parallelohedron is called a lifted parallelohedron, since it is obtained as an extension of a parallelohedron to a parallelohedron of dimension larger by one.
It is shown that the operation of lifting yields precisely parallelohedra whose Minkowski sum with some nontrivial segment is again a parallelohedron. It is proved that Voronoi’s conjecture holds for parallelohedra admitting lifts and lifted in general position.
Bibliography: 20 titles.
Isomorphisms and elementary equivalence of Chevalley groups over commutative rings
Authors: Bunina E. I. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
It is proved that two Chevalley groups with indecomposable root systems of rank

over commutative rings (which contain in addition

for the types

,

,

,

, and

, and

for the type

) are isomorphic or elementarily equivalent if and only if the corresponding root systems coincide, the weight lattices of the representation of the Lie algebra coincide, and the rings are isomorphic or elementarily equivalent, respectively. The isomorphisms of adjoint (elementary) Chevalley groups over the rings of the above types are also described.
Bibliography: 25 titles.
Two-sided estimates for domains of univalence for classes of holomorphic self-maps of a disc with two fixed points
Authors: Kudryavtseva O. S. , Solodov A. P. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We investigate the class of holomorphic maps of a disc into itself that have an interior and a boundary fixed point, as well as the class of holomorphic maps of a half-plane into itself that have a fixed point in the interior of the domain and a fixed point at infinity. Two-sided estimates for domains of univalence are obtained for these function classes in terms of the values of the angular derivative at the boundary fixed point and the position of the interior fixed point.
Bibliography: 21 titles.
On maximizers of a convolution operator in

-spaces
Authors: Kalachev G. V. , Sadov S. Yu. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
The paper is concerned with convolution operators in

, whose kernels are in

, which act from

into

, where

. It is shown that for

there exists a maximizer (a function with

-norm 1) at which the supremum of the

-norm of the convolution is attained. A special analysis is carried out for the cases in which one of the exponents

,

, or

is

or

.
Bibliography: 12 titles.
The Pliś metric and Lipschitz stability of minimization problems
Authors: Balashov M. V. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
We study the metric introduced by Pliś on the set of convex closed bounded subsets of a Banach space. For a real Hilbert space it is proved that metric projection and (under certain conditions) metric antiprojection from a point onto a set satisfy a Lipschitz condition with respect to the set in the Pliś metric. It is proved that solutions of a broad class of minimization problems are also Lipschitz stable with respect to the set. Several examples are discussed.
Bibliography: 18 titles.
Convex trigonometry with applications to sub-Finsler geometry
Authors: Lokutsievskiy L. V. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A new convenient method for describing flat convex compact sets and their polar sets is proposed. It generalizes the classical trigonometric functions

and

. It is apparent that this method can be very useful for an explicit description of solutions of optimal control problems with two-dimensional control. Using this method a series of sub-Finsler problems with two-dimensional control lying in an arbitrary convex set

is investigated. Namely, problems on the Heisenberg, Engel, and Cartan groups and also Grushin’s and Martinet’s cases are considered. Particular attention is paid to the case when

is a convex polygon.
Bibliography: 13 titles.
An approach problem for a control system and a compact set in the phase space in the presence of phase constraints
Authors: Ershov A. A. , Ushakov A. V. , Ushakov V. N. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
A control system with a phase constraint is considered in a finite-dimensional Euclidean space. The problem of making this system approach the target set at a fixed time instant is studied. A method for constructing an approximate solution to the approach problem is given, which involves the concept of the solvability set of an approach problem.
Bibliography: 24 titles.
Intrinsic planar polarity mechanisms influence the position-dependent regulation of synapse properties in inner hair cells
Authors: Jean Philippe , Özçete Özge Demet , Tarchini Basile , Moser Tobias 
Published: April 2019

SignificanceThe wide dynamic range of sound encoding enables perception of sounds varying over six orders of magnitude, thought to be collectively achieved by distinct classes of type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) contacting each inner hair cell (IHC). These synaptic contacts have been shown to vary according to the SGN firing properties along the modiolar–pillar axis. It has also been shown that the IHCs spatially segregate active zones (AZs) with different Ca2+-influx properties, proposing an attractive candidate mechanism for the diverse sound encoding properties among SGNs. Our study, combining confocal/STED immunofluorescence microscopy, patch-clamp, and Ca2+imaging, proposes that Gαi and LGN, involved in planar polarity mechanisms at the IHC apex, contribute to establish the spatial gradient of IHC AZ properties.
Characterizing the cultural niches of North American birds
Authors: Schuetz Justin G. , Johnston Alison 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Conservation of species is driven largely by human decisions, so it is important to understand how and why people value species differently. We combine information from Google searches with millions of bird observations to characterize public interest in North American birds. We describe different relationships between people and birds based on the volume and spatial patterns of these searches. For example, “celebrity” birds attract high numbers of Google searches, even where they do not occur; large birds are generally more popular than small birds; and endangered species attract interest in the regions where they occur. Our results provide a framework for beginning to explore complex relationships between humans and other species and help to inform bird conservation strategies.
Functional connectomics of affective and psychotic pathology
Authors: Baker Justin T. , Dillon Daniel G. , Patrick Lauren M. , Roffman Joshua L. , Brady Roscoe O. , Pizzagalli Diego A. , Öngür Dost , Holmes Avram J. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Historically, most research on the biological origins of psychiatric illness has focused on individual diagnostic categories, studied in isolation. Mounting evidence indicates that nominally distinct psychiatric diagnoses are not separated by clear neurobiological boundaries. Here, we derive functional connectomic signatures in over 1,000 individuals, including patients presenting with different categories of impairment (psychosis), clinical diagnoses, and severity of illness as reflected in treatment seeking. Our analyses reveal features of connectome functioning that are commonly disrupted across distinct forms of pathology, scaling with clinical severity. Conversely, other aspects of network connectivity were preferentially disrupted in patients with psychotic illness. These data have important implications for the establishment of functional connectome fingerprints of severe mental disease.
Disconnection description of triple-junction motion
Authors: Thomas Spencer L. , Wei Chaozhen , Han Jian , Xiang Yang , Srolovitz David J. 
Published: April 2019

Significance
Many materials of industrial and scientific interest (including metals and ceramics) are polycrystalline. The defect microstructure of these materials has a profound impact on their properties and utility. Microstructure engineering yields materials with greatly enhanced qualities, but the microstructure typically evolves over time via the motion of grain boundaries and triple junctions. One must understand and guide this evolution to produce reliable enhanced materials. Much has been discovered in recent decades regarding the motion of grain boundaries—less so regarding triple junctions. This work presents observations of triple-junction migration from atomistic simulations, explains these observations by extending recent developments in grain boundary theory to triple junctions, and presents a continuum model of triple-junction migration based on this theory.