bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In‐Syringe Vortex‐Assisted Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Based on Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent for Simultaneous Determination of the Two Anticancer Polyphenols Chrysin and Resveratrol
Authors: Abdel‐Monem Maha Mohammad , Walash Mohamed I. , Kamal El‐Deen Asmaa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe simultaneous determination of multiple anticancer drugs in combination therapy poses a significant analytical challenge due to their complex nature and low concentrations. In this study, we propose an in‐syringe vortex‐assisted liquid–liquid microextraction (IS‐VA‐LLME), based on a green natural deep eutectic solvent (NaDES) for the simultaneous determination of two coadministered anticancer drugs (resveratrol and chrysin) prior to the HPLC‐UV analysis, for the first time. The key parameters affecting the extraction efficiency, such as extraction solvent, vortex time, pH, and ionic strength were optimized. Under optimal conditions, the method demonstrates good linearity over the range of 0.05–15.0 μg/mL for RVT and 0.50–15.0 μg/mL for CHR with low limits of detection (LODs) of 16.78 and 161.60 ng/mL for RVT and CHR, respectively, confirming the high sensitivity of the method. The interday and intraday precision values, expressed as %RSDs, are below 2.0%, indicating good repeatability and reproducibility. Furthermore, the proposed method could be efficiently applied for the determination of the two drugs in human plasma and river water. The obtained results show satisfactory % recoveries (97.80%–102.04%), highlighting the accuracy and reliability of the developed method. The sustainability of the method was comprehensively evaluated using seven different tools. In conclusion, the developed IS‐VA‐LLME‐NaDES allows for enhanced extraction efficiency, reduced extraction time, and improved recovery of the target analytes. This method holds great promise for applications in clinical and environmental research, enabling the precise quantification of these anticancer drugs in complex matrices.
A Review on Architecting Rationally Designed Metal‐Organic Frameworks for the Next‐Generation Li‐S Batteries
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Saeed Maham , Sharif Shahzad , Afzal Tayyaba Tur Rehman , Ashraf Alishba , Riaz Bilal , Ghaznavi Zainab , Shahzad Sundas , Mushtaq Muhammad Waheed , Shahzad Ayesha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe modern era demands the development of energy storage devices with high energy density and power density. There is no doubt that lithium‒sulfur batteries (Li‒S) claim high theoretical energy density and have attracted great attention from researchers, but fundamental exploration and practical applications cannot converge to utilize their maximum potential. The design parameters of Li‐S batteries involve various complex mechanisms, and their obliviousness has resulted in failure at the commercial level. This article presents a review on rationally designed metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for improving next‐generation Li‐S batteries. The use of MOFs in Li‐S batteries is of great interest because of their large surface area, porous structure, and selective permeability for ions. The working principles of Li‐S batteries, the commercialization of Li‐S batteries, and the use of MOFs as electrodes, electrolytes, and separators are critically examined. Finally, designed strategies (host structure, binder improvement, separator modification, lithium metal protection, and electrolyte optimization) are developed to increase the performance of Li‐S batteries.
Building credibility for human systems integration in model‐based systems engineering
Authors: Heffner Rachel A. , Miller Michael E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRobust and trusted digital human representations are necessary to successfully account for human considerations in model‐based systems engineering (MBSE). Multiple domains and modeling frameworks leverage verification, validation, and accreditation (VV&A) processes to characterize when and under what conditions a model is valid to establish credibility. A literature review was completed on mathematical, physics‐based, software development, discrete event simulation, agent‐based, system dynamics, and MBSE models with the goal of proposing a process for performing VV&A on digital engineering (DE) and MBSE models for sociotechnical systems. However, this research also revealed the need for a broader framework to characterize the risk associated with using these models for making high‐consequence decisions. While accomplishing the literature review, another approach to building credibility was identified that is used heavily in the financial industry, namely model risk management (MRM). This process is extended by leveraging MRM approaches from within the financial community to propose a framework for sociotechnical model users to characterize the risk of using MBSE models to make programmatic decisions. The primary contribution of this work is to document a meta‐analysis of model VV&A while proposing an alternative approach to characterizing and communicating credibility that was discovered during this analysis. This approach could be a viable option for ensuring the credibility of human systems integration in MBSE models.
Increased Susceptibility of Cardiac Tissue to PM2.5‐Induced Toxicity in Uremic Cardiomyopathic Rats Is Linked to Elevated Levels of Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Sivakumar Bhavana , Kurian Gino A 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) frequently develop uremic cardiomyopathy, characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction as one of its pathologically significant mediators. Given that PM2.5 specifically targets cardiac mitochondria, exacerbating toxicity, this study addresses the potential alterations in the severity of PM2.5 toxicity in the context of CKD conditions. Female Wistar rats were exposed to PM2.5 at a concentration of 250 μg/m3 daily for 3 h for 21 days after which an adenine‐induced CKD model was developed. While both PM2.5 exposure and the induction of CKD in rats lead to cardiomyopathy, the CKD animals exposed to PM2.5 exhibited a notably severe extent of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. ECG recordings in CKD+ PM2.5 animals revealed a depressed ST segment and prolonged QRS interval, with both PM2.5 and CKD animals displaying an elevated ST segment. Subcellular level analysis confirmed a significantly low mitochondrial copy number and a severe decline in mitochondrial bioenergetic function in the CKD+ PM2.5 group. The prominent decline in PGC1‐α further affirmed the severe mitochondrial functional deterioration in CKD+ PM2.5 animals compared to other experimental groups. Additionally, myocardial calcification was enhanced in CKD+ PM2.5 animals, heightening the susceptibility of CKD animals to PM2.5 toxicity. In summary, our findings suggest that the increased vulnerability of CKD myocardium to PM2.5‐induced toxicity may be attributed to severe mitochondrial damage and increased calcification in the myocardium.
Fungi and Grapevine Mycobiota
Authors: Viret Olivier , Gindro Katia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe fungi kingdom consists of a vast group of macro- and microscopic eukaryotic organisms characterised by a heterotrophic mode of nutrition and sexual and asexual forms of reproduction. Their history dating back millions of years attests to their remarkable capacity for adaptation, their diversity and their evolutionary plasticity. They encompass an enormous variety of organisms ranging from unicellular yeasts to filamentous fungi which form extensive underground mycelial networks.Fungi are ubiquitous and play a key role in ecosystems as decomposers, symbionts and pathogens. Decomposers are essential for breaking down organic matter in the soil and recycling the nutrients. Symbiotic fungi such as the mycorrhizals establish beneficial mutual relationships with plants. They provide essential nutrients such as phosphorus and nitrogen and receive organic compounds produced by the plant in return. Pathogenic fungi can cause serious diseases in plants, animals and humans. The immense destructive power of phytopathogenic fungi requires effective control measures to minimise their impact on crops. Plants cohabit with a vast array of fungi which form the mycobiome either in (endophytic) or on (ectophytic) the vegetative tissue. These fungi play a vital role in plant health, growth and environmental adaptation. Depending on specific biotic and abiotic factors, some species within the mycobiome can change behaviour and switch from an endophytic to a pathogenic state.Understanding the diversity, role and interactions of the grapevine mycobiome provides new opportunities for sustainable vineyard management. Fungi and plants have cohabited for millennia in a relationship characterised by constantly shifting coevolutionary dynamics that have yet to be discovered.
From Lignite Regions to Transition Labs: Rethinking Regional Politics of Lignite from the Perspective of the “Politics of Scale”
Authors: Becker Sören , Naumann Matthias 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile technical perspectives consider scale as function of size, debates on the politics of sustainability transitions tend to translate scale into political levels, shaping or impeding the development of sustainable modes of production and consumption. The debate on the “Politics of Scale” in critical human geography foregrounds scale as a social construction reflecting uneven relations of power, political strategies and contestations. This chapter applies the perspective of the “Politics of Scale” to the two German lignite mining regions of Lusatia (Lausitzer Revier) and Rhineland (Rheinisches Revier). Both regions have a long history in the extraction of lignite. This history is about to end following the political decision to phase out the use of lignite in Germany. In consequence, the former lignite regions are becoming not only sites of the transformation of energy infrastructure, but also of structural change and extensive efforts for realising a just transition process. We discuss these transitions from a scalar perspective and through three analytical prisms: first, the impact of national policy as a shifting context for regional policy and as an example of the rescaling of regional development; second, the emergence of new scales of regional development strategies as a new scalar fix of regional governance; and third, the contestations of the phasing out of lignite on different geographical scales and as an example for jumping scales of various actors in the regions. These three emblematic lenses will enable us to discover the scalar dimension of the efforts for just transitions.
South Africa’s Sustainability Transition: The Case of the Mpumalanga Province and its Coal-dependent Communities
Authors: Nel Etienne , Marais Lochner 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSustainability transitions, though critical to engage in at this juncture of world history, pose significant challenges for carbon-dependent communities in peripheral regions. This is particularly true in the Global South where economic alternatives to decarbonisation and state capacity to provide leadership and welfare assistance are limited and mono-economies are common. This chapter draws on the concepts of sustainability, energy and just transitions and their spatial and multi-scalar implications to reflect on how current efforts and challenges to decarbonise South Africa’s economy are playing out. Particularly, attention is paid to the country’s most coal-dependent region, that of the Mpumalanga province, where the majority of the country’s coal mines and power stations are concentrated. The chapter discusses how South Africa is undertaking both sustainable energy and just transitions and the challenges which are emerging for that country and its most coal-dependent communities. While elements of rescaling are taking place, local capacity and resource constraints are hindering the ability to transition timeously and effectively.
From Centralisation to Decentralisation? Transition Visions of Circular Bioeconomy in Rural Finland
Authors: Kuhmonen Irene , Kuhmonen Tuomas , Näyhä Annukka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRural areas have been largely peripheralised and disempowered by the centralisation characteristic of the era of the fossil economy. The departure from fossil metabolism and the shift towards a circular bioeconomy represent a possibility for improved rural livelihoods. However, while the metabolic nature of a circular bioeconomy is more decentralised than that of the fossil economy, it is unclear whether the centralised social structures and power relations will become decentralised as a result of this transition. In this research, by utilising the approaches offered by futures research, we explored probable and preferable future visions across a set of 10 manifestations of circular bioeconomy in 60 expert interviews. The results indicated that most of the manifestations are likely to scale up through a non-local and centralised pathway, while the preferable visions fostering rural livelihoods would mean more local and decentralised modes of organising. At the same time, due to centralising tendencies, reaching the sustainability targets of a circular bioeconomy is difficult.
Visual detection of drilling robot position for rockburst prevention in mining processing by a new image dehazing method
Authors: He Zhibin , Liu Xinhua , Guo Xiaoqiang , Zhang Zhongsen , Li Zhixiong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe positioning of drill pipe based on visual detection is a crucial aspect in achieving unmanned operation of drilling robot for rockburst prevention. However, the images directly collected from mechanized mining face are always polluted. In order to eliminate the interference of dust and haze in the image, an image dehazing method based on improved CycleGAN model is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a pipe image dehazing dataset for the rockburst prevention drilling robot is collected and established. Moreover, a generator architecture with a multi-scale U-shaped network structure is designed to improve the quality and accuracy of image recovery. A new reconstruction block is designed and an SK fusion layer is introduced to improve the feature extraction capability of the model, and a MU-CycleGAN network structure is constructed. Finally, an experimental platform for drill pipe image dehazing of the drilling robot for rockburst prevention is set up in the intelligent mining equipment laboratory. Experimental results showed that the PSNR and SSIM of the image dehazing model achieved 27.04 and 0.946, and the success rate of drill pipe grabbing has increased by 13.75%. Experimental results reveal that the proposed framework achieves superior image enhancement performance than the comparison algorithms.
Non-contrast-enhanced MR-angiography of the abdominal arteries: intraindividual comparison between relaxation-enhanced angiography without contrast and triggering (REACT) and 4D contrast-enhanced MR-angiography
Authors: Gietzen Carsten , Janssen Jan Paul , Görtz Lukas , Kaya Kenan , Gietzen Thorsten , Gertz Roman Johannes , Pennig Henry , Seuthe Katharina , Maintz David , Rauen Philip S. , Persigehl Thorsten , Weiss Kilian , Pennig Lenhard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate Relaxation-Enhanced Angiography without Contrast and Triggering (REACT), a novel 3D isotropic flow-independent non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (non-CE-MRA) for imaging of the abdominal arteries, by comparing image quality and assessment of vessel stenosis intraindidually with 4D CE-MRA.

Methods
Thirty patients (mean age 35.7 ± 16.8 years; 20 females) referred for the assessment of the arterial abdominal vasculature at 3 T were included in this retrospective, single-centre study. The protocol comprised both 4D CE-MRA and REACT (navigator-triggering, Compressed SENSE factor 10, nominal scan time 02:54 min, and reconstructed voxel size 0.78 × 0.78 × 0.85 mm3). Two radiologists independently evaluated 14 abdominal artery segments for stenoses, anatomical variants, and vascular findings (aortic dissection, abdominal aorta aneurysms and its branches). Subjective image quality was assessed using a 4-point Likert scale (1 = non-diagnostic, 4 = excellent).

Results
REACT had a total acquisition time of 5:36 ± 00:40 min, while 4D CE-MRA showed a total acquisition time (including the native scan and bolus tracking sequence) of 3:45 ± 00:59 min (p = 0.001). Considering 4D CE-MRA as the reference standard, REACT achieved a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 100.0% for relevant (≥ 50%) stenosis while detecting 89.5% of all vascular findings other than stenosis. For all vessels combined, subjective vessel quality was slightly higher in 4D CE-MRA (3.0 [IQR: 2.0; 4.0.]; P = 0.040), although comparable to REACT (3.0 [IQR: 2.0; 3.5]).

Conclusion
In a short scan time of about 5 min, REACT provides good diagnostic performance for detection of relevant stenoses, variants, and vascular findings of the abdominal arteries, while yielding to 4D CE-MRA comparable image quality.
Clinical and biochemical assessments of circulating High Mobility Group Box Protein1 in children with epilepsy: relation to cognitive function and drug responsiveness
Authors: Sakhr Hala M. , Hassan Mohammed H. , Salah Asmaa E. , Bakri Ali Helmi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Childhood epilepsy is a major health concern posing a significant burden and having disastrous consequences for cognitive function. High Mobility Group Box1 (HMGB1) is an activator of neuroinflammation, and it is possibly involved in the initiation and progression of epilepsy. We aimed to investigate circulating HMGB1 in children with epilepsy and its connection to cognitive function and drug responsiveness.

Methods
Case-control research included 100 epileptic youngsters and 100 healthy matched controls. Serum HMGB1 was measured using a commercially available ELISA assay. Cognitive functions were evaluated by the Stanford-Binet test 5th edition.

Results
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) was found in 37% of the investigated patients. Epileptic children have lower cognitive function parameter levels versus the control group and lower cognitive function in the DRE group compared to the drug-responsive group (P-value < 0.0001). HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in the patients’ group (6.279 µg/L) compared to the control group (2.093 µg/L) and in the drug-resistant group (14.26 µg/L) versus the drug-responsive group (4.88 µg/L). A significant negative correlation was detected between HMGB1 with Full-scale IQ (r = − 0.547, P = 0.000), Visual-spatial reasoning (r = − 0.501, P = 0.000), fluid reasoning (r = − 0.510, P = 0.000), and working memory (r = − 0.555, P = 0.000). Serum HMGB1 cut-off levels > 6.85 µg/L differentiate drug-responsive from resistant patients.

Conclusion
Elevated HMGB1 levels, especially in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, correlate negatively with cognitive performance, emphasizing its importance as a potential marker for early prediction of drug resistance and impairment of cognitive function.
Simulating Pelvis Kinematics from Belt and Seat Loading in Frontal Car Crash Scenarios: Important Boundary Conditions that Influence the Outcome
Authors: Brynskog Erik , Iraeus Johan , Pipkorn Bengt , Davidsson Johan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The risk of submarining during automotive crashes, defined by the lap belt sliding off the pelvis to load the abdomen, is predicted to increase in future autonomous vehicles as greater variation in seating position is enabled. Biofidelic tools are required to efficiently design and evaluate new and/or improved safety systems. This study aims to evaluate the pelvis response sensitivity to variations in boundary conditions that directly influence the pelvis loads, deemed important for the submarining outcome, to facilitate a more precise comparison between finite element human body models (FE-HBMs) and post-mortem human subjects (PMHSs).

Methods
A parameter study, using a one-variable-at-a-time analysis (low/high) of belt friction, seat friction, seat stiffness, and (on/off) for added belt bending stiffness, was performed using a state-of-the-art FE-HBM in four different test scenarios; one stationary, two sleds with upright occupant posture, and one sled with reclined occupant posture.

Results
In the stationary scenario, both belt friction and belt bending stiffness influenced the belt folding behavior, which consequently affected the belt-to-pelvis angle at submarining. In the sled scenarios, only seat friction was found to influence the pelvis kinematics and submarining outcome, with the most biofidelic response resulting from both the low (0.2) and high (0.5) friction coefficient depending on the scenario.

Conclusion
To reduce uncertainty in boundary conditions affecting the external pelvis loads and increase confidence in FE-HBM to PMHS comparisons, it is recommended that future experiments evaluate the PMHS to seat friction coefficient and that new belt modeling methods that accurately capture belt folding when interacting with soft tissues are developed.
Does Peer Socialization Within Cohorts Foster Political Attitudes? A Longitudinal Study of Elite Business Students
Authors: Lindskog Hilma , Gustafsson Nils , Voytiv Sofiya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe association between higher education and political attitudes is well-recognized, and research suggests that socialization amongst peers is one of the most probable mechanisms explaining a possible attitudinal change. However, identifying a socialization effect is difficult due to self-selection mechanisms and limitations in data availability. This article empirically investigates the underlying peer socialization by employing a longitudinal network study of undergraduate students in Swedish and Finnish top-ranked business schools (N = 2651). The study tests the hypotheses that (1) attitudes within a cohort converge over time, and (2) socially embedded students experience more attitudinal change during their studies than students who do not engage with their peers. The paper leverages the Covid-19 pandemic as an exogenous shock that severely affected the networking dynamics of specific cohorts since it moved their education off campus. It is thereby among the first studies to directly test the relationship between socializing behaviors within higher education and political attitudes using both subjective and objective measurements. Contrary to previous conjectures, the findings challenge a general socialization mechanism to foster political attitudes. Instead, they point toward the importance of self-selection mechanisms in studies of higher education and for the specific student composition.
Fostering Epistemic Space for Collaborative Solutions in Primary Science Through a Socratic Seminar Inquiry Approach
Authors: Kirk Melinda , Tytler Russell , White Peta J , Ferguson Joseph Paul , Raphael Jo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the critical nature of socio-ecological challenges, the need to empower young people to generatively grapple with these science-related issues is crucial for developing their agentic citizenship. This paper reports on a primary science project that adopted a Socratic Seminar pedagogical strategy to enable student voice and collaborative solutions to a local/global socio-ecological challenge. Exploring microorganisms in a COVID-19-affected world, student agency and investigative practices were prioritised. We report a semiotic analysis of the student-led investigations and discussions informing decision-making and action. Students enacted scientifically grounded reasoning, posed evidence-focused questions and engaged in collaborative argumentation towards solutions. The culminating ‘Scientists for Solutions’ Socratic Seminar closely emulated the practices of the science community in supporting the generation of evidence-informed solutions. This paper unpacks this pedagogical approach. The findings inform the nature and creation of epistemic space within the primary science classroom that fosters student scientific questioning, inquiry decisions and collaborative decision-making through a Socratic Seminar process.