bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound detection of insulin‐induced lipohypertrophy in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kapeluto J. E. , Paty B. W. , Chang S. D. , Meneilly G. S. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo define standard criteria for the detection of lipohypertrophy using ultrasonography and to determine the accuracy of this method.MethodIndividuals using insulin therapy for ≥2 years with unknown lipohypertrophy status were enrolled at a diabetes education centre. A team of diabetes educator nurses performed a clinical examination for evidence of lipohypertrophy and a separate team of ultrasonographers examined participants in a blinded fashion.ResultsThe echo signature for lipohypertrophy consisted of location in the subcutaneous layer and lesions that were 1) well circumscribed either by hyperechoic foci with defined borders or a nodular shape with a hypoechoic halo, 2) heterogeneous in echotexture compared with surrounding tissue, 3) associated with distortion of surrounding connective tissue with 4) absence of vascularity and 5) absence of capsule. Ultrasonography identified individuals with lipohypertrophy significantly more frequently than inspection or palpation (P<0.0001). Inter‐observer agreement was moderate (κ=0.50) and limited by the presence of subclinical lesions in 73% of the participants.ConclusionsThe ultrasound detection of lipohypertrophy is consistent with clinical examination and is reproducible using a defined echo signature.(ClinicalTrials.gov registration no: NCT02348099).
Quality evaluation of biscuits produced from composite blends of pumpkin seed oil press cake and wheat flour
Authors: Jukić Marko , Lukinac Jasmina , Čuljak Jaka , Pavlović Mateja , Šubarić Drago , Koceva Komlenić Daliborka 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPumpkin seed oil press cake (PSOPC) is a by‐product of pumpkin oil production, and after cold pressing, a significant amount of oil still remains in the press cake. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible use of PSOPC flour as a substitute for wheat flour in biscuit production and, consequently, for reducing shortening usage. Biscuits have been produced from composite blends of plain white flour and PSOPC flour in ratios 100:0, 80:20, 60:40 and 40:60, respectively. Shortening addition was gradually reduced depending on the PSOPC flour addition. Biscuit baking quality was determined by width, thickness, spread factor, volume and textural properties. Computer vision was used to evaluate biscuit colour, and sensory evaluation was conducted for colour, taste, texture and overall acceptance. Results showed that PSOPC flour decreased biscuit diameter, height and volume and also caused a softer texture of biscuit. PSOPC flour contributed to the greenish colour of biscuits and the pleasant taste of roasted pumpkin seed. PSOPC flour can be successfully used as a functional and nutritionally valuable substitute for wheat flour and shortening, even in quantities up to 60%, without significant deterioration of the technological quality of biscuits.
Melatonin induces mechanisms of brain resilience against neurodegeneration
Authors: Corpas Rubén , Griñán‐Ferré Christian , Palomera‐Ávalos Verónica , Porquet David , García de Frutos Pablo , Franciscato Cozzolino Silvia M. , Rodríguez‐Farré Eduard , Pallàs Mercè , Sanfeliu Coral , Cardoso Bárbara R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractMelatonin is an endogenous pleiotropic molecule which orchestrates regulatory functions and protective capacity against age‐related ailments. The increase in circulating levels of melatonin through dietary supplements intensifies its health benefits. Investigations in animal models have shown that melatonin protects against Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐like pathology, although clinical studies have not been conclusive. We hypothesized that melatonin induces changes in the brain that prevent or attenuate AD by increasing resilience. Therefore, we treated healthy nontransgenic (NoTg) and AD transgenic (3xTg‐AD) 6‐month‐old mice with a daily dose of 10 mg/kg of melatonin until 12 months of age. As expected, melatonin reversed cognitive impairment and dementia‐associated behaviors of anxiety and apathy and reduced amyloid and tau burden in 3xTg‐AD mice. Remarkably, melatonin induced cognitive enhancement and higher wellness level‐related behavior in NoTg mice. At the mechanism level, NF‐κB and proinflammatory cytokine expressions were decreased in both NoTg and 3xTg‐AD mice. The SIRT1 pathway of longevity and neuroprotection was also activated in both mouse strains after melatonin dosing. Furthermore, we explored new mechanisms and pathways not previously associated with melatonin treatment such as the ubiquitin‐proteasome proteolytic system and the recently proposed neuroprotective Gas6/TAM pathway. The upregulation of proteasome activity and the modulation of Gas6 and its receptors by melatonin were similarly displayed by both NoTg and 3xTg‐AD mice. Therefore, these results confirm the potential of melatonin treatment against AD pathology, by way of opening new pathways in its mechanisms of action, and demonstrating that melatonin induces cognitive enhancement and brain resilience against neurodegenerative processes.
Validity of hip‐worn inertial measurement unit compared to jump mat for jump height measurement in adolescents
Authors: Rantalainen Timo , Hesketh Kylie D. , Rodda Christine , Duckham Rachel L. 
Published: June 2018

Jump tests assess lower body power production capacity, and can be used to evaluate athletic ability and development during growth. Wearable inertial measurement units (IMU) seem to offer a feasible alternative to laboratory‐based equipment for jump height assessments. Concurrent validity of these devices for jump height assessments has only been established in adults. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the concurrent validity of IMU‐based jump height estimate compared to contact mat‐based jump height estimate in adolescents. Ninety‐five adolescents (10‐13 years‐of‐age; girls N = 41, height = 154 (SD 9) cm, weight = 44 (11) kg; boys N = 54, height = 156 (10) cm, weight = 46 (13) kg) completed 3 counter‐movement jumps for maximal jump height on a contact mat. Inertial recordings (accelerations, rotations) were concurrently recorded with a hip‐worn IMU (sampling at 256 Hz). Jump height was evaluated based on flight time. The mean IMU‐derived jump height was 27.1 (SD 3.8) cm, and the corresponding mean jump‐mat‐derived value was 21.5 (3.4) cm. While a significant 26% mean difference was observed between the methods (5.5 [95% limits of agreement 2.2 to 8.9] cm, P = 0.006), the correspondence between methods was excellent (ICC = 0.89). The difference between methods was weakly positively associated with jump height (r = 0.28, P = 0.007). Take‐off velocity‐derived jump height was also explored but produced only fair congruence. In conclusion, IMU‐derived jump height exhibited excellent congruence to contact mat‐based jump height and therefore presents a feasible alternative for jump height assessments in adolescents.
Memory‐Based Deception Detection: Extending the Cognitive Signature of Lying From Instructed to Self‐Initiated Cheating
Authors: Geven Linda M. , Ben‐Shakhar Gershon , Kindt Merel , Verschuere Bruno 
Published: June 2018

AbstractFrom a cognitive perspective, lying can be regarded as a complex cognitive process requiring the interplay of several executive functions. Meta‐analytic research on 114 studies encompassing 3,307 participants (Suchotzki, Verschuere, Van Bockstaele, Ben‐Shakhar, & Crombez, 2017) suggests that computerized paradigms can reliably assess the cognitive burden of lying, with large reaction time differences between lying and truth telling. These studies, however, lack a key ingredient of real‐life deception, namely self‐initiated behavior. Research participants have typically been instructed to commit a mock crime and conceal critical information, whereas in real life, people freely choose whether or not to engage in antisocial behavior. In this study, participants (n = 433) engaged in a trivia quiz and were provided with a monetary incentive for high accuracy performance. Participants were randomly allocated to either a condition where they were instructed to cheat on the quiz (mimicking the typical laboratory set‐up) or to a condition in which they were provided with the opportunity to cheat, yet without explicit instructions to do so. Assessments of their response times in a subsequent Concealed Information Test (CIT) revealed that both instructed cheaters (n = 107) and self‐initiated cheaters (n = 142) showed the expected RT‐slowing for concealed information. The data indicate that the cognitive signature of lying is not restricted to explicitly instructed cheating, but it can also be observed for self‐initiated cheating. These findings are highly encouraging from an ecological validity perspective.
Analysis of relationships between 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone and cathelicidin with inflammation and cardiovascular risk in subjects with paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus: an Atherosclerosis Prevention in Paediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) study
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Tangpricha Vin , Yow Eric , McComsey Grace A , Schanberg Laura , Robinson Angela Byun 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesPrevious studies demonstrated associations between reduced serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), inflammation and disease activity in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE). The goal of this study was to assess parathyroid hormone (PTH) in its relationship to vitamin D and inflammation, as well as to better understand the role of human cathelicidin (LL-37) in pSLE.MethodsFrozen serum samples collected at baseline of the Atherosclerosis Prevention in Paediatric Lupus Erythematosus (APPLE) study were assayed to determine 25OHD, PTH and LL-37 levels. Pearson’s correlations and Χ2tests were used to evaluate the relationships between 25OHD, PTH, LL-37, inflammation, disease activity and infection using baseline values collected as part of the APPLE study.Results201/221 APPLE participants had serum available for analysis. Serum 25OHD was inversely associated with serum PTH, but not LL-37. Serum PTH was not associated with high sensitivity C-reactive protein, carotid intima media thickness or high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, but was negatively associated with lipoprotein(a) levels. Despite no association with serum 25OHD, LL-37 was negatively associated with total cholesterol, HDL and LDL cholesterol and positively associated with age. There was no significant difference in mean LL-37 levels in participants with reported infection as an adverse event during the 3-year APPLE study.ConclusionsDespite links to vitamin D levels in other studies, LL-37 levels were not associated with baseline serum 25OHD concentrations in paediatric patients with pSLE. Despite the lack of correlation with 25OHD, LL-37 levels in this study were associated with cholesterol levels. Some subjects with pSLE have significantly elevated levels of LL-37 of unknown significance. These exploratory results addressing the role of LL-37 levels in pSLE appear worthy of future study.
Prevalence and Long‐Term Survival After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Women and Men With Heart Failure and Preserved Versus Reduced Ejection Fraction
Authors: Sun Louise Y. , Tu Jack V. , Bader Eddeen Anan , Liu Peter P. 
Published: June 2018

Background

Heart failure (
HF
) with reduced ejection fraction (
rEF
) is a widely regarded prognosticator after coronary artery bypass grafting.
HF
with preserved ejection fraction (
pEF
) accounts for up to half of all
HF
cases and is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in hospitalized cohorts. However,
HF
p
EF
outcomes have not been elucidated in cardiac surgical patients. We investigated the prevalence and outcomes of
HF
p
EF
and
HF
r
EF
in women and men following coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada, between October 1, 2008, and March 31, 2015, using Cardiac Care Network and Canadian Institute of Health Information data.
HF
is captured through a validated population‐based database of all Ontarians with physician‐diagnosed
HF
. We defined
pEF
as ejection fraction ≥50% and
rEF
as ejection fraction <50%. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Analyses were stratified by sex. Mortality rates were calculated using Kaplan–Meier method. The relative hazard of death was assessed using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. Of 40 083 patients (20.6% women), 55.5% had
pEF
without
HF
, 25.7% had
rEF
without
HF
, 6.9% had
HF
p
EF
, and 12.0% had
HF
r
EF
. Age‐standardized
HF
p
EF
mortality rates at 4±2 years of follow‐up were similar in women and men.
HF
r
EF
standardized
HF
p
EF
mortality rates were higher in women than men.

Conclusions

We found a higher prevalence and poorer prognosis of
HF
p
EF
in women. A history of
HF
was a more important prognosticator than ejection fraction. Preoperative screening and extended postoperative follow‐up should be focused on women and men with
HF
rather than on
rEF
alone.
Jews, Zionism and the Left in Brazil: Echoes of a Relationship
Authors: Gherman Michel 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
During considerable part of the twentieth century, the contacts between left-wing groups and the Jews in Brazil were relatively positive and amicable. In certain way, it could be found a kind of a symbiosis between sectors of the Jewish community and some groups of the Brazilian left. At present times, in contrast, any description of the interaction between Jewish organizations (especially Zionist ones) and Brazilian left-wing groups inevitably mentions political tensions and mutual accusations. In the last years suspicion, conflict, and a lack of dialogue have characterized the relations between a segments of the Brazilian Jewish population and some left-wing groups. This article intends to discuss and analyze the changes and processes through which the Brazilian Jews and some Left-wing Brazilian groups have passed.
Multiple solutions of double phase variational problems with variable exponent
Authors: Shi Xiayang , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. , Repovš Dušan D. , Zhang Qihu 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThis paper deals with the existence of multiple solutions for the quasilinear equation-div⁡𝐀⁢(x,∇⁡u)+|u|α⁢(x)-2⁢u=f⁢(x,u) in ℝN,{-\operatorname{div}\mathbf{A}(x,\nabla u)+|u|^{\alpha(x)-2}u=f(x,u)\quad\text% {in ${\mathbb{R}^{N}}$,}}which involves a general variable exponent elliptic operator𝐀{\mathbf{A}}in divergence form. The problem corresponds to double phase anisotropic phenomena, in the sense that the differential operator has various types of behavior like|ξ|q⁢(x)-2⁢ξ{|\xi|^{q(x)-2}\xi}for small|ξ|{|\xi|}and like|ξ|p⁢(x)-2⁢ξ{|\xi|^{p(x)-2}\xi}for large|ξ|{|\xi|}, where1<α⁢(⋅)≤p⁢(⋅)<q⁢(⋅)<N{1<\alpha(\,\cdot\,)\leq p(\,\cdot\,)<q(\,\cdot\,)<N}. Our aim is to approach variationally the problem by using the tools of critical points theory in generalized Orlicz–Sobolev spaces with variable exponent. Our results extend the previous works [A. Azzollini, P. d’Avenia and A. Pomponio, Quasilinear elliptic equations inℝN\mathbb{R}^{N}via variational methods and Orlicz–Sobolev embeddings, Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 49 2014, 1–2, 197–213] and [N. Chorfi and V. D. Rădulescu, Standing wave solutions of a quasilinear degenerate Schrödinger equation with unbounded potential, Electron. J. Qual. Theory Differ. Equ. 2016 2016, Paper No. 37] from cases where the exponentspandqare constant, to the case wherep⁢(⋅){p(\,\cdot\,)}andq⁢(⋅){q(\,\cdot\,)}are functions. We also substantially weaken some of the hypotheses in these papers and we overcome the lack of compactness by using the weighting method.
Challenges for Vietnam in the Globalization Era
Authors: Nguyen Dong Phong , Ho Viet Tien , Vo Xuan Vinh 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Emerging and developing countries around the world are playing an increasingly important role in the global economy. They move up in the global value chain very quickly. However, these countries constantly facing a plethora of challenges covering a wide range of issues. This paper addresses some key challenges confronting Vietnam economy which potentially deteriorate its economic growth prospects. These include economic slowdown, credit booming, the rise of protectionism around the world, and risk from greater opening of the domestic markets. Addressing these challenges are important for Vietnam to maintain its comparative advantage and foundation for economic growth.
SnO2/PANI nanocomposite electrodes for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries
Authors: Channu Venkata S. Reddy , Rambabu B. , Kumari Kusum , Kalluru Rajmohan R. , Holze Rudolf 
Published: June 2018

Abstract Tin oxide (SnO2) nanostructures and SnO2/Polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposites to be used as electrode materials for a lithium ion battery were synthesized using a solution-route technique with chelating agents followed by calcination at 300∘C for 4 h. Structural and morphological properties were studied with powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy. Particles of 25-10 nm size are observed in the microscope images. TGA results showed that the PANI-modified SnO2 nanoparticles exhibit higher thermal stability than the SnO2 nanoparticles. Electrochemical properties of SnO2 and SnO2/PANI electrodes were examined in a lithium ion battery and a supercapacitor. The electrode of SnO2/PANI shows higher specific capacity. The cell with SnO2/PANI exhibits a specific capacity of 1450 mAh/g at C/10. Supercapacitor results indicate that the PANI-modified SnO2 composite had a higher current with apparent cathodic and anodic peaks.
Pathological manifestations of Farber disease in a new mouse model
Authors: Beckmann Nadine , Kadow Stephanie , Schumacher Fabian , Göthert Joachim R. , Kesper Stefanie , Draeger Annette , Schulz-Schaeffer Walter J. , Wang Jiang , Becker Jan U. , Kramer Melanie , Kühn Claudine , Kleuser Burkhard , Becker Katrin Anne , Gulbins Erich , Carpinteiro Alexander 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Farber disease (FD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder resulting from acid ceramidase deficiency and subsequent ceramide accumulation. No treatments are clinically available and affected patients have a severely shortened lifespan. Due to the low incidence, the pathogenesis of FD is still poorly understood. Here, we report a novel acid ceramidase mutant mouse model that enables the study of pathogenic mechanisms of FD and ceramide accumulation. Asah1tmEx1
mice were generated by deletion of the acid ceramidase signal peptide sequence. The effects on lysosomal targeting and activity of the enzyme were assessed. Ceramide and sphingomyelin levels were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and disease manifestations in several organ systems were analyzed by histology and biochemistry. We show that deletion of the signal peptide sequence disrupts lysosomal targeting and enzyme activity, resulting in ceramide and sphingomyelin accumulation. The affected mice fail to thrive and die early. Histiocytic infiltrations were observed in many tissues, as well as lung inflammation, liver fibrosis, muscular disease manifestations and mild kidney injury. Our new mouse model mirrors human FD and thus offers further insights into the pathogenesis of this disease. In the future, it may also facilitate the development of urgently needed therapies.
The Insight and the Legacy of the Theory of Share Tenancy
Authors: Allen Douglas W. , Lueck Dean 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

The Theory of Share Tenancy by Steven Cheung, first published as a PhD thesis 50 years ago, was an important watershed study on the economics of contracts. It contained the first formal demonstration of the Coase Theorem, linked the concepts of property rights and transaction costs, laid early foundations for the future economics of contracts, and can even lay claim to originating the idea of a risk/incentive tradeoff in contract design. This essay examines Cheung's key contributions in Share Tenancy, and considers reasons for its somewhat limited legacy outside of China.
Structural studies on copper and nitrogen doped nanosized anatase
Authors: Martinelli Alberto , Alberti Stefano , Caratto Valentina , Lova Paola , Locardi Federico , Pampararo Giovanni , Villa Silvia , Ferretti Maurizio 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPure TiO2, N- and Cu-doped and double-doped (Cu, N) samples were synthesized via sol–gel route in order to investigate the local and average structure of the crystalline TiO2synthesized under different pH conditions. Samples are mainly constituted of anatase phase, even though low but significant amounts of secondary brookite grew in most samples. A detailed structural characterization was performed by means of synchrotron X-ray elastic scattering experiments; structural data of the different samples were obtained by means of the Rietveld refinement, whereas insights about their local structure were gained by means of the pair distribution analysis.
Transient Absorption Studies on Nanostructured Materials and Composites: Towards the Development of New Photocatalytic Systems
Authors: Haisch Christoph , Nunes Barbara N. , Schneider Jenny , Bahnemann Detlef , Patrocinio Antonio Otavio T. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract
Being part of the development of environmentally clean and safe sustainable technologies photocatalysis is attracting increasing attention. During the last decade, great attention has been paid to the synthesis of different photocatalysts possessing high photocatalytic activity, whereas fundamental studies concerning the underlying photocatalytic processes have rarely been executed. The knowledge of these processes is, however, of utmost importance for the understanding of the reaction mechanism and thus for a better design of photocatalytic systems. The transient absorption spectroscopy (TAS) is one widely used method to study such fundamental processes. The present review paper focuses on the application of TAS in the UV-Vis-IR regions to investigate the charge carrier dynamics in ultrafast and nano-to-millisecond time regime. Hereby, the photo induced processes occurring in different materials will be discussed. Moreover, further attention is also paid to nanocomposite-based systems, in which different materials are used concomitantly to promote more efficient photocatalytic processes.