bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation of the midwifery initiated oral health‐dental service program: perceptions of pregnant women
Authors: George A , Villarosa AR , Patterson Norrie T , Hoolsema J , Dahlen HG , Ajwani S , Bhole S , Blinkhorn A , Srinivas R , Yaacoub A , Milat A , Skinner J , Johnson M 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundPregnant women in Australia seldom seek dental care and are unaware of its importance. To address these gaps the midwifery‐initiated oral health dental service (MIOH‐DS) program was comprehensive trialled and found effective. The aim of this study was to undertake a process evaluation of the MIOH‐DS using the perspectives of pregnant women who participated in the trial.MethodsA qualitative research design was utilized, whereby content analysis was undertaken on data from 11 semi‐structured interviews with women who participated in the program.ResultsAll participants were receptive of the MIOH‐DS intervention, and found it to be an acceptable intervention that met their needs, and encouraged future positive oral health practices and health‐seeking behaviours. They expressed that midwives were an appropriate professional to conduct oral health assessments, education and referrals to affordable dental services. Although some participants were initially apprehensive towards receiving treatment during pregnancy, dental staff members were able to appropriately educate and reassure them during treatment.ConclusionsThe MIOH‐DS represents a promising and acceptable intervention strategy for pregnant women to promote their oral health. Findings merit further investigation on whether positive outcomes achieved can be sustained when implemented in other national or international settings similar to the study setting.
Editorial: predicting recurrence of Crohn's disease after surgical resection—close to a crystal ball
Authors: Singh Siddharth 
Published: October 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Auzolle et al and Allez and Auzolle papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14944 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14998.
Letter: effects of HCV eradication on cardiovascular diseases
Authors: He Zhiqing , Ding Ru , Xin Haiguang , Liang Chun 
Published: October 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Novo et al and Licata et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14934 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15017.
Letter: effect of HCV eradication on cardiovascular disease—Authors’ reply
Authors: Licata Anna , Soresi Maurizio , Novo Giuseppina 
Published: October 2018

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Novo et al and He et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14934 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15003.
Controlling the invaderUrochloa decumbens: Subsidies for ecological restoration in subtropical Campos grassland
Authors: Thomas Pedro Augusto , Schüler Jéssica , Boavista Lidiane da Rosa , Torchelsen Fábio Piccin , Overbeck Gerhard Ernst , Müller Sandra Cristina 
Published: October 2018

AbstractQuestionsRestoration of grassy biomes is currently of large importance, and controlling invasive grasses is often key to restoring these ecosystems in the tropics and subtropics. We combined different ecological restoration techniques to evaluate potential to control the invasive grassUrochloa decumbensand restore plant species composition. Specific questions were: (a) are herbicide application and topsoil removal efficient to controlU. decumbenscover and allow native species establishment; and (b) are hay transfer and sowing native grass species efficient to reintroduce native species and increase their cover?LocationCampos grasslands, southern Brazil.MethodsWe combined the follow restoration techniques: (a) herbicide application or topsoil removal to control the invasive species, and (b) hay transfer or sowing of native grasses to reintroduce native species. We assessed and compared native plant species richness, vegetation cover, native species cover,U. decumbenscover and other exotic species cover in 2016 and 2017.ResultsHerbicide application reduced invasive species cover more than topsoil removal, even though both were effective. The decrease ofU. decumbenscover led to an increase in native species cover and native species richness. Hay transfer and sowing native grasses did not produce satisfactory results for native species reintroduction. Native species richness andU. decumbenscover increased from 2016 to 2017.ConclusionHerbicide application was a better option to controlU. decumbensand to allow recovery of native species. However, use of herbicides in restoration is controversial, and more detailed studies on impacts are necessary. Environmental filters appear to be a major cause for failure of hay transfer and seeding species. Recovery of the native plant community is a great challenge in invaded subtropical grasslands, and additional management actions and time are necessary to increase the establishment of native species.
‘Putting oneself in someone else's shoes during childhood: How to learn it’ Training for preschool age children
Authors: Mori Arianna , Cigala Ada 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundPerspective taking, defined as the aptitude to understand the cognitive, affective, and visual point of view of others, represents a fundamental social ability for the development of socio‐cognitive and affective skills.AimsThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the possibility of promoting perspective taking in typically developmental preschoolers using an evidence‐based training procedure.Sample and MethodThe research used a pre‐test/post‐test quasi‐experimental design in which 206 typically developmental preschoolers (104 males and 102 females) were categorized into the experimental or the control group. In order to try to improve perspective taking, we proposed an evidence‐based ecological intervention inside the kindergarten in which children, in small groups, were involved in activities such as storytelling, discussion, drawing, and dramatization. We measured the perspective taking ability through several tests and prosocial behaviour through repeated ecological non‐participant observations both before and after the training. The training, which lasted 15 days, was subdivided into nine different sessions, each lasting 45 min, and involved small groups of 6–7 children. Before and after the training, each child completed nine perspective taking tasks (three tasks for each perspective taking dimension) and was observed three times, each one for 45 min, on different days.ResultsResults showed a significant increase in perspective taking scores after training in the experimental condition relative to the control condition, supporting the possibility of promoting perspective taking ability in preschoolers. An increase in prosocial behaviour after training was also observed in the experimental group as compared with the control group.ConclusionIn conclusion, these results suggest it is possible to improve perspective taking in preschoolers, also promoting prosocial abilities.
Utility of prothrombin complex concentrate as first‐line treatment modality of coagulopathy in patients undergoing liver transplantation: A propensity score‐matched study
Authors: Srivastava Piyush , Agarwal Anil , Jha Amit , Rodricks Suvyl , Malik Tanuja , Makki Kausar , Singhal Ashish , Vij Vivek 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundTransfusion management during liver transplantation (LT) is aimed at reducing blood loss and allogeneic transfusion requirements. Although prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) has been used satisfactorily in various bleeding disorders, studies on its safety, and efficacy during LT are limited.MethodsA retrospective chart review of adult patients who underwent living donor LT at a single institute between October 2016 and January 2018 was carried out. The safety and efficacy of PCC in reducing transfusion requirements intraoperatively in patients who received PCC were compared with patients who did not receive PCC. A propensity score‐matching technique was used, at a 1:1 ratio, to remove selection bias.ResultsAfter completing the 1:1 propensity score‐matched analysis, 60 pairs of patients were identified. The use of PCC was associated with significantly decreased red blood cell transfusion requirements (6.2 ± 4.1 vs 8.23 ± 5.18, P < 0.001) and fresh frozen plasma transfusion requirements (2.6 ± 2 vs 6.18 ± 4.1, P < 0.001). The number of patients developing postoperative hemorrhagic complications was higher in the non‐PCC group.ConclusionsDuring LT, the use of PCC led to decreased transfusion requirements. No thromboembolic complications related to PCC were noted in this series.
The Value of the Customer's Waiting Time for General Queues*
Authors: Singhal Kalyan , Singhal Jaya , Kumar Subodha 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTWe have developed a measure of the value of the customer's waiting time that is applicable to all queuing systems. Since the birth of the modern queuing theory over 100 years ago, this measure is the first addition to the list of the measures of performance of general queues that includes the servers’ utilization factor, the expected queue length, the expected waiting time, and some variations of the last two. The curves for trade‐offs between the servers’ utilization factor and the value of the customer's time can be used to supplement or replace the curves for trade‐offs between the servers’ utilization factor and the customer's expected queue length (or expected waiting time) that have been a fundamental part of the modern queuing theory. The decisions made with the value of the customer's waiting time will mirror the decision maker's goals more closely than the decisions made with the customer's expected queue length or expected waiting time that are surrogates for the value of the customer's waiting time. Although our definition of the value of the customer's time is deceptively simple, its implications can be significant and far reaching. It could change the way we pursue research in the queuing theory, the way we teach the queuing theory, and the way we design queuing systems in practice.
Pax Ottomanica No More! The “Peace” Discourse in Turkish Foreign Policy in the Post‐Davutoğlu Era and the Prolonged Syrian Crisis
Authors: ATAÇ C. Akça 
Published: October 2018

AbstractTurkey's eight years between 2008 and 2016 has been dominated by Ahmet Davutoğlu's vision of foreign policy, which was derived from his multi‐edition book Strategic Depth (2000). In order to be able to present itself in its larger periphery as a pro‐active, trustworthy actor, Davutoğlu argued, Turkey needed to change the foreign‐policy paradigms with which it was stranded. As the Strategic Depth vision unfolded, it drew explicit parallels between modern Turkey and the Ottoman neighborhood policy. Turkey‐Syria relations since 2008 had been providing the seekers of neo‐Ottomanist tendencies in the contemporary Turkish foreign policy with abundant examples, because Syria, once an Ottoman territory and always a challenge to modern Turkey, came to be the first poster country in the shift towards Turkey's imperial awakening. In the post‐Davutoğlu era, however, the rhetoric and practices of the past eight years seemed suddenly to disappear from the use of the Turkish agents of foreign policy; the new code of terms and actions to replace the Strategic Depth version is yet to be decided. This study seeks to pin down the neo‐imperialist character of Turkey's foreign‐policy discourse of the aforementioned eight years and contribute to discussions of the Turkish aspiration of neo‐Ottomanism with focus on the Syrian crisis through the Justice and Development Party's re‐invented peace discourse. In doing so, it aims to find out and elaborate on the current tendencies of Turkish foreign policy, which are no longer as explicit and articulated as they were during Davutoğlu's ministry and prime ministry. As Turkey's cross‐border operation to Syria — the Euphrates Shield — ends and another one in Idlib begins, a discursive analysis stretching from Davutoglu's diplomatic “zero problems” with Damascus to the military use of ground troops and air force is timely. Such an endeavor would be essential in understanding the spectacular swing from one edge to the other in Turkey's inclination over a phantasmagorical empire.
A basic tool to assess tax administration strength in emerging Europe
Authors: Crivelli Ernesto 
Published: October 2018

AbstractLarge tax compliance gaps, together with the need to generate additional tax revenue have put a premium on tax administration reform in emerging Europe. The key features of an efficient tax administration are well established, but an objective assessment of the relative strengths and weaknesses of tax administrations have been lacking. This paper proposes a simple index of tax administration strength, based on objective indicators reflecting key organizational and operational aspects of revenue administrations relative to international best practice. A diagnostic test is then conducted to assess the performance of the proposed index in its ability to predict variations in tax collection efficiency in emerging Europe.
Kant on the bounds of promise making: A Mendelssohnian account
Authors: Kemp Ryan S. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this essay, I argue that Kant holds one of the following two theses: A promise to do something that violates the moral law (a) is impossible or (b) can be conscientiously broken. On this issue, I put Kant in dialogue with Moses Mendelssohn in order to show, against recent suggestions, that Kant's account is distinctly Mendelssohnian.
Cow hock: A normal tarsal conformation in donkeys (Equus asinus)
Authors: Abdelgalil A. I. , Hassan E. A. , Torad F. A. 
Published: October 2018

SummaryCow hock is a conformational deformity of the tarsal joint in which the points of hocks are close to median plane. It is a normal feature in cattle and camels while it is a definite abnormality in horses. In donkeys, cow hock has been reported in both clinically normal and lame animals. The aim of this study was to develop a new objective method to diagnose and grade cow‐hocked donkeys and to test the hypothesis that cow hock is prevalent in donkeys and can be considered normal conformation. A prospective study was conducted on 50 adult Egyptian baladi donkeys free from musculoskeletal disease. Subjective and objective evaluation was performed including goniometric and radiographic assessment of tarsal joint angle in extended full‐weight bearing and maximum flexion from which the range of motion was calculated. A new linear measurement was designed to compare the distance between tuber ischii, points of hock and distance between the points situated at mid‐distance between medial and lateral heels. Forty‐four donkeys (88%) were subjectively cow‐hocked, 46 donkeys (92%) were cow‐hocked based on rear view linear measurements. Thirteen donkeys (28.3%) were diagnosed with mild cow‐hock, 18 (39.1%) moderate cow‐hock and 15 (32.6%) severe cow‐hock. Thirty‐three (71.74%) of cow‐hocked donkeys expressed base wide, 11 (23.91%) base narrow and two (4.35%) normal distal limb conformation. No statistically significant differences were reported between right and left joint angles in both goniometric and radiographic measurements. Strong positive correlation was recorded between goniometric and radiographic angular measurements in extended, flexed as well as range of motion. Poor correlation was reported between the degree of cow hock and the extended tarsal joint angle in both right (r = 0.1) and left (r = 0.2) tarsal joint angles. The study concluded that cow hock may be a prevalent non‐pathological conformation in Egyptian baladi donkeys.
Tree resilience to drought increases in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Fang Ouya , Zhang Qi‐Bin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractForests in the Tibetan Plateau are thought to be vulnerable to climate extremes, yet they also tend to exhibit resilience contributing to the maintenance of ecosystem services in and beyond the plateau. So far the spatiotemporal pattern in tree resilience in the Tibetan Plateau remains largely unquantified and the influence of specific factors on the resilience is poorly understood. Here, we study ring‐width data from 849 trees at 28 sites in the Tibetan Plateau with the aim to quantify tree resilience and determine their diving forces. Three extreme drought events in years 1969, 1979, and 1995 are detected from metrological records. Regional tree resistance to the three extreme droughts shows a decreasing trend with the proportion of trees having high resistance ranging from 71.9%, 55.2%, to 39.7%. Regional tree recovery is increasing with the proportion of trees having high recovery ranging from 28.3%, 52.2%, to 64.2%. The area with high resistance is contracting and that of high recovery is expanding. The spatiotemporal resistance and recovery are associated with moisture availability and diurnal temperature range, respectively. In addition, they are both associated with forest internal factor represented by growth consistence among trees. We conclude that juniper trees in the Tibetan Plateau have increased resilience to extreme droughts in the study period. We highlight pervasive resilience in juniper trees. The results have implications for predicting tree resilience and identifying areas vulnerable to future climate extremes.
Retraction Statement: Comparison of nitrogen inputs and accumulation in 210Pb‐dated peat cores: Evidence for biological N2‐fixation in Central European peatlands despite decades of atmospheric N pollution
Authors: Novak Martin , Vile Melanie A. , Curik Jan , Cejkova Bohuslava , Barta Jiri , Stepanova Marketa , Jackova Ivana , Buzek Frantisek , Bohdalkova Leona , Prechova Eva , Veselovsky Frantisek , Adamova Marie , Valkova Ivana , Komarek Arnost 
Published: October 2018

“Comparison of nitrogen inputs and accumulation in 210Pb‐dated peat cores: Evidence for biological N2‐fixation in Central European peatlands despite decades of atmospheric N pollution” https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14505, by Martin Novak, Melanie A. Vile, Jan Curik, Bohuslava Cejkova, Jiri Barta, Marketa Stepanova, Ivana Jackova, Frantisek Buzek, Leona Bohdalkova, Eva Prechova, Frantisek Veselovsky, Marie Adamova, Ivana Valkova and Arnost Komarek.The above article, first published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) in Global Change Biology, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor‐in‐Chief, Stephen P. Long, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Since publication of the above article, it was brought to the attention of the authors that the peat accretion rates violate reasonable ranges of peatland C/N/P stoichiometry, placing the quantitative conclusions of the article in serious error.The authors apologize for any inconvenience the publication of this work may have caused our readers.REFERENCENovak, M., Vile, M. A., Cejkova, B., Barta, J., Stepanova, M., Jackova, I., Buzek, F., Bohdalkova, L., Prechova, E., Veselovsky, F., Adamova, M., Valkova, I., & Komarek, A. (2018). Comparison of nitrogen inputs and accumulation in 210Pb‐dated peat cores: Evidence for biological N2‐fixation in Central European peatlands despite decades of atmospheric N pollution. Global Change Biology.. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14505
Spatial, temporal and taxonomic scaling of richness in an eastern African large mammal community
Authors: Du Andrew , Behrensmeyer Anna K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimEcological patterns and process change across spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales. This confounds comparisons between modern and fossil communities, which are sampled across very different scales, especially temporal ones. We use a recent bone dataset (i.e., “death assemblages”) from a modern ecosystem to explore spatial, temporal and taxonomic scaling in biodiversity assessments. Our ultimate goal is to create a model based on these scaling relationships to facilitate meaningful comparisons between modern and fossil communities.LocationAmboseli National Park, southern Kenya.Time periodMid‐1960 s to present day.Major taxa studiedLarge mammals (>1 kg).MethodsWe implemented a random placement null model and used model selection methods to investigate how species richness at Amboseli scales as a function of time and area [i.e., the species–time–area relationship (STAR) model]. We then analysed how the model coefficients change at different taxonomic scales (i.e., genus, family, order).ResultsIn agreement with previous studies, we find species richness scales positively with time and area but with a negative interaction between the two. Rates of richness turnover decrease as taxonomic scale increases.Main conclusionsWe hypothesize that decreasing rates of turnover with increasing spatial and/or temporal scale are caused by taking progressively larger samples from a species pool that is changing at a slower rate relative to turnover at the scale of sampling. Because increasing area and time are simply alternative ways of uncovering the species pool, increased time‐averaging of communities results in a more spatially averaged ecological signal. Increasing taxonomic scale causes turnover rates to decrease because of how lower‐level taxa are aggregated into coarser, higher‐level ones. The STAR model presents a framework for extrapolating and comparing richness between small‐scale modern and large‐scale fossil communities, as well as a means to understand the general processes involved with changing scale.
Two sphingomyelin synthase homologues regulate body weight and sphingomyelin synthesis in female brown planthopper, N. lugens (Stål)
Authors: Shi X.‐X. , Zhang H. , Chen M. , Zhang Y.‐D. , Zhu M.‐F. , Zhang M.‐J. , Li F.‐Q. , Wratten S. , Zhou W.‐W. , Mao C. , Zhu Z.‐R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAlthough sphingomyelins known to be are lipid constituents of the plasma membrane in vertebrates, much remains obscure about the metabolism of sphingomyelins in insects. With ultra performance liquid chromatography‐time‐of‐flight‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we revealed for the first time that sphingomyelins are abundant in Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), the brown planthopper (BPH), and their biosynthesis is carried out by sphingomyelin synthase‐like protein 2 (SMSL2), which is homologous to sphingomyelin synthase‐related protein (SMSr). Unlike other insect species, high concentrations of sphingomyelins rather than ceramide phosphoethanolamines exist in the BPH. Two putative genes, which are homologous to SMSr, are named Nilaparvata lugens SMS‐like 1 (NlSMSL1) and 2 (NlSMSL2). Knockdowns of both NlSMSL2 and NlSMSL1 were conducted but only the first decreased concentrations of sphingomyelins in the BPH, indicating that NlSMSL2 plays a role in the biosynthesis of sphingomyelins. Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis revealed both NlSMSL1 and NlSMSL2 are highly expressed in BPH adults, with NlSMSL1 specifically highly expressed in reproductive organs (ovaries and testes) whereas NlSMSL2 was highly expressed in the malpighian tubules. The knockdown of NlSMSL1 or NlSMSL2 increased BPH female body weight but not that of males, suggesting sex‐specific roles for SMSLs in influencing BPH body weight. The results suggest that NlSMSL2 catalyses the synthesis of sphingomyelins and maintains female BPH body weight through alteration of sphingolipid content.