bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of electrostatic confinement on the dome-shaped superconducting phase diagram at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface
Authors: Wójcik Paweł , Szafran Bartłomiej , Czarnecki Julian , Citro Roberta , Zegrodnik Michał 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the LaAlO$$_3$$/SrTiO$$_3$$ (LAO/STO) interface exhibits gate-tunable superconductivity with a dome-like shape of critical temperature as a function of electron concentration. This behavior has not been unambiguously explained yet. Here, we develop a microscopic model based on the Schrödinger–Poisson approach to determine the electronic structure of the LAO/STO 2DEG, which we then apply to study the principal characteristics of the superconducting phase within the real-space pairing mean-field approach. For the electron concentrations reported in the experiment, we successfully reproduce the dome-like shape of the superconducting gap. According to our analysis such behavior results from the interplay between the Fermi surface topology and the gap symmetry, with the dominant extended s-wave contribution. Similarly as in the experimental report, we observe a bifurcation effect in the superconducting gap dependence on the electron density when the 2DEG is electrostatically doped either with the top gate or the bottom gate. Our findings explains the dome-shaped phase diagram of the considered heterostucture with good agreement with the experimental data which, in turn, strongly suggest the appearance of the extended s-wave symmetry of the gap in 2DEG at the LAO/STO interface.
Advancing urban mobility in developing countries: A mobile RSU approach for sustainable transportation
Authors: Ngossaha Justin Moskolaï , Pidy Léonce Thérèse Pidy , Karunathilake Thenuka , Förster Anna , Bowong Samuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rapid and uncontrolled urbanization of cities in developing countries has engendered a plethora of urban mobility issues, including traffic congestion, accidents, and air pollution. To address these challenges, contemporary urban mobility trends are incorporating innovative technologies and sustainable governance practices. This article investigates how urban managers can leverage the opportunities presented by cost‐effective technologies and the management of urban data to enhance urban mobility in developing countries. Within this discourse, an RSU‐based approach is proposed that employs motorbike taxis for inter‐vehicular communication, given their status as the most widely used form of public transportation. This approach substantially diminishes investment costs and reinforces the sustainability of urban mobility. Through the implementation of this solution, a noteworthy reduction is anticipated in the emission of gases such as CO2, and NOx, known contributors to climate change and various respiratory diseases. To validate the efficacy of the proposed solution, four distinct scenarios are scrutinized in a case study centered on the city of Douala in Cameroon, utilizing tools such as OMNET++, SUMO, Veins, and INET. The proposed framework offers significant benefits in terms of environmental sustainability and operational efficiency. It enables a 10% reduction in CO2 emissions, a 15% reduction in NOx emissions, an 11% drop in fuel consumption, and a 15% reduction in waiting time in traffic jams. The envisaged solution aims to aid urban managers in their decision‐making processes, specifically in advancing sustainable urban mobility. Through the adoption of this approach, cities in developing countries can mitigate challenges associated with urban mobility and enhance the overall well‐being of their residents.
LSTM‐based real‐time stress detection using PPG signals on raspberry Pi
Authors: Rostami Amin , Motaman Koorosh , Tarvirdizadeh Bahram , Alipour Khalil , Ghamari Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStress, widely recognised for its profound adverse effects on both physical and mental health, necessitates the development of innovative real‐time detection methods. In this context, the escalating prevalence of wearable embedded systems, integrated with artificial intelligence (AI) for the continuous monitoring of critical physiological indicators like heart rate and blood pressure, accentuates their growing relevance in the efficient detection of stress. This article presents an innovative methodology employing deep learning algorithms on the Raspberry Pi 3, a platform distinguished by its cost‐effectiveness and limited resources. The authors have developed an advanced AI algorithm that achieves high accuracy in real‐time stress detection using photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors while significantly reducing computational demands. The authors’ method utilises an artificial neural network with long short‐term memory (LSTM) layers, proving highly effective in time‐series data analysis. In this study, the authors implement key TensorFlow toolkit optimisation techniques including quantisation aware training (QAT), Pruning and prune‐preserving quantisation aware training. These techniques are applied to refine the authors’ model, decreasing size and latency without sacrificing accuracy. The results highlight the LSTM‐based model's proficiency in accurately detecting stress using raw PPG sensor data on the Raspberry Pi 3, a comparatively affordable platform. The model attains an accuracy of 89.32% and an F1 score of 89.55% on the diverse wearable stress and affect detection stress‐level dataset. Additionally, the authors’ optimised model exhibits substantial reductions in both size and latency while maintaining high accuracy. This approach shows great potential for various applications, such as stress monitoring in healthcare, sports, and workplace settings. The use of the Raspberry Pi 3 makes the system portable, cost‐effective, and energy‐efficient, enhancing its potential impact and accessibility.
Investigating the Photoactivity of Low-Valent Zirconium Catalyst in Ether Activation
Authors: Zhao Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe cross-coupling of two distinct C(sp3
)–O bonds provides a highly valuable pathway for the construction of C(sp3
)–C(sp3
) bonds, but it remains underdeveloped. Recently, we reported an innovative photoinduced Zr-catalyzed carbomagnesiation for the reductive coupling of ethers with high cross-selectivity. Mechanistic investigation reveals that photoexcitation of low-valent zirconocene facilitates the activation of C(sp3
)–O bonds of benzylic ethers. This leads to the formation of functionalized benzylic Grignard reagents for downstream coupling with aliphatic ethers through an SN2-like pathway.1	Introduction2	Concept of Our Design on this Work3	Photoinduced Zr-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Ethers4	Photoinduced Zr-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Benzylic Magnesium Alkoxide with Ethers5	Our Methods for Mechanism Investigation6	Conclusion
BMIDA-Directed Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation for Enantioselective Access to α-Boryl Alcohols
Authors: Fang Xinqiang , Yang Shuang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe quest for general and highly efficient and enantioselective catalytic route to chiral alcohols remains a formidable challenge in asymmetric synthesis. Here, we highlight our recent work of asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of N-methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) acylboronates, showcasing a versatile platform for the efficient synthesis of enantiomerically enriched secondary alcohols. Acyl-MIDA-boronates harboring diverse (het)aryl, alkyl, alkynyl, alkenyl, and carbonyl substituents can be hydrogenated, yielding various α-borylated alcohols with high ee values. Crucially, the boron moiety can be easily transformed into other groups, allowing access to previously unattainable carbinols adorned with two structurally similar substituents. The enantioselectivity-directing role of BMIDA is elucidated by computational analyses, which stems from the CH–O electrostatic attraction between the η6-arene-CH of the catalyst and the σ-bonded oxygen atoms within BMIDA. This work represents the first asymmetric transformation on acylboronates and expands the domain of asymmetric transfer hydrogenation.
Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Spirocyclization of 1,6-Enynes with o-Bromobenzaldehydes
Authors: Guo Haoyun , Chen Yate , Kong Wangqing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe developed a Ni-catalyzed asymmetric reductive spirocyclization of 1,6-enynes with o-haloaryl aldehydes. This approach provides an efficient method for the construction of chiral spiroindanone pyrrolidine derivatives in good yields with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivity (up to 99% ee, >20:1 dr). This reaction does not require pre-prepared organometallic reagents and exhibits excellent substrate compatibility.
Metal-Free Selective Air-Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Using 2,2′-Azobis-(2,4-dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile) (V-70) and Isobutyraldehyde
Authors: Matsugi Masato , Kato Yamato , Kanoh Miho , Shioiri Takayuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSelective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using ‘air’ was achieved using a combination of 2,2′-azobis-(2,4-dimethyl-4-methoxyvaleronitrile) (a radical initiator) and isobutyraldehyde (a co-oxidant). Various sulfides were successfully converted into their corresponding sulfoxides using this method. This approach promotes a sustainable oxidation process by excluding harmful oxidants, such as peroxides and metal reagents.
Recent Advances in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Transformations of Epoxides
Authors: Li Jianye , Li Sijia , Zhang Guozhu , Guo Rui , Liu Shuting , Cui Guohao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, asymmetric ring-opening reactions of epoxides have emerged as a compelling strategy for constructing chiral building blocks in organic synthesis. Among these, transition-metal-catalyzed stereoselective transformations of epoxides have garnered particular attention for their high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. The increasing interest and advancements in this area have spurred exploration into diverse transition-metal catalysts and chiral ligands, highlighting their potential to facilitate a wide range of transformations with enhanced efficiency and flexibility. This short review showcases significant achievements in transition-metal-catalyzed enantioconvergent transformations of epoxides, emphasizing their scope of application and reaction mechanisms.1	Introduction2	Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross-Coupling of Epoxides3	Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross-Coupling of Epoxides4	Titanium-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross-Coupling of Epoxides5	Iridium-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross-Coupling of Epoxides6	Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross-Coupling of Epoxides7	Copper-Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Cross-Coupling of Epoxides8	Conclusions and Outlook
Synergistic Pd/Cu-Catalyzed Asymmetric Csp3–Csp3 Coupling of 1,3-Dienes with 2-Acylimidazoles
Authors: Zi Weiwei , Wang Mingze 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe catalytic asymmetric coupling of 1,3-dienes with carbon nucleophiles is an important process for forming Csp3–Csp3 bonds. Here, we describe a synergistic Pd/Cu-catalyzed coupling of 1,3-dienes with 2-acylimidazoles. This reaction produces 2-acylimidazole derivatives that have α,β-adjacent stereocenters in moderate yields with good to excellent stereoselectivity.
Immunohistochemical Subclassification of Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas-Not Otherwise Specified
Authors: Chandran Keerthana , Nair Indu R. , Keechilat Pavithran 
Published: October 2024

Objective Peripheral T cell lymphomas-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) are a heterogeneous group of mature T cell lymphomas that do not belong to any specified subtype. Gene expression profiling has revealed two biological variants of PTCL-NOS, PTCLGATA3 and PTCLTBX21. This study aims to subclassify PTCL-NOS using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and to establish its implication in prognosis.
Methods A descriptive study was done using 39 morphologically and immunohistochemically diagnosed cases of PTCL diagnosed over a 10-year period, 2013 to 2022. The additional IHC markers used were GATA3 and CCR4 for PTCLGATA3 and TBX21 and CXCR3 for PTCLTBX21. All cases had a minimum follow-up of 6 months.
Results After subclassification of PTCL-NOS (n = 39), 44% were PTCLGATA3 subtype. This subtype showed monomorphic morphology and a high ki67 index, and was found to a have worse outcome. In comparison, PTCLTBX21 showed heterogeneous morphology and a low ki67 index.
Conclusion Subcategorization of PTCL-NOS based on the IHC markers helps in the stratification of this disease. This will also identify cases with more aggressive behavior at the time of diagnosis.
Systematics of Apatelodidae Neumoegen & Dyar, 1894 (Lepidoptera: Bombycoidea) based on molecular and morphological data
Authors: Orlandin Elton , Piovesan Mônica , Carneiro Eduardo 
Published: October 2024

Apatelodidae is a family of New World bombycoids distributed mainly in the Neotropical region, with 14 genera, 222 valid species and 8 subspecies. These moths are medium-sized with a wingspan ranging from 2 to 8 cm, generally greyish, straw-yellow or reddish-brown, with darker spots and lines on the dorsal side of the wings. We combine adult morphology and molecular data to test, under a probabilistic framework, the monophyly of apatelodid genera and the placement of Tamphana (Bombycidae). We sampled the type species of 12 of the 14 valid genera of Apatelodidae, including the type species of synonymised genera. We sampled ~75% of the species from all valid genera in the family and outgroups from Bombycidae, Brahmaeidae, Eupterotidae and Phiditiidae, totalling 195 terminals. Examination of the specimens resulted in a matrix of 138 morphological characters (116 from male; 22 from female) from the head (7 from male; 1 from female), thorax (37 from male; 4 from female), abdomen (5 from male) and genitalia (66 from male; 17 from female). For the molecular analyses, we used four genes: DDC (647 bp) for 14% of terminals; CAD (2486 bp) for 23% of terminals, Wgl (409 bp) for 38% of terminals and COI (658 bp) for 75% of terminals. Species of Tamphana were recovered in Apatelodidae as two independent clades. The genera Arotros, Crastolliana, Drepatelodes, Pantelodes, and Prothysana were recovered as monophyletic. The remaining apatelodid genera were polyphyletic. We propose a new genus-level classification: Tamphana is transferred to Apatelodidae; 16 new genera are proposed: Aymara gen. nov., Campesina gen. nov., Caribas gen. nov., Cecile gen. nov., Kaweskar gen. nov., Lempira gen. nov., Misak gen. nov., Mocambo gen. nov., Nhanderu gen. nov., Peabiru gen. nov., Raoni gen. nov., Tapuia gen. nov., Tibira gen. nov., Tupac gen. nov., Tuyvae gen. nov. and Zapata gen. nov. Two new species are described: Mocambo lauracensis sp. nov., and Nhanderu takua sp. nov. We revalidate the genus Hygrochroa stat. rev. and three species: Carnotena perlineata stat. rev., Tupac bombycina stat. rev., comb. nov. and Zanola vivax stat. rev. Overall, we propose 82 new generic combinations, synonymise 16 species, and restore the status of 3 species: Apatelodes floramia stat. rest., Carnotena rectilinea comb. nov., stat. rest. and Ephoria nubilosa stat. rest. Additionally, we summarise data on the natural history and distribution of each Apatelodidae species. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:254AA924-30B3-48A8-AB15-CCF2745C3B8E
Higgs inflation via a metastable standard model potential, generalised renormalisation frame prescriptions and predictions for primordial gravitational waves
Authors: McDonald J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Higgs Inflation via a metastable Standard Model Higgs Potential is possible if the effective Planck mass in the Jordan frame increases after inflation ends. Here we consider the predictions of this model independently of the dynamics responsible for the Planck mass transition. The classical predictions are the same as for conventional Higgs Inflation. The quantum corrections are dependent upon the conformal frame in which the effective potential is calculated. We generalise beyond the usual Prescription I and II renormalisation frame choices to include intermediate frames characterised by a parameter α. We find that the model predicts a well-defined correlation between the values of the scalar spectral index ns
and tensor-to-scalar ratio r. For values of ns
varying between the 2-σ Planck observational limits, we find that r varies between 0.002 and 0.005 as ns
increases, compared to the classical prediction of 0.003. Therefore significantly larger or smaller values of r are possible, which are correlated with larger or smaller values of ns
. In addition, the model can be compatible with the larger values of ns
predicted by Early Dark Energy solutions to the Hubble tension, with correspondingly larger values of r. The model can be tested via the detection of primordial gravitational waves by the next generation of CMB polarisation experiments.
Superradiant phase transitions in ultrastrong coupling regime
Authors: Alodjants A P , Zacharenko P V , Tsarev D V 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the long-standing problems in quantum optics and laser physics is the observation of both equilibrium and non-equilibrium (Dicke) superradiant states in two-level (qubit) systems interacting with the quantized electromagnetic (EM) field. We demonstrate that the superradiant phase transition (PT) at thermal equilibrium in such a system is close to ultrastrong light–matter coupling (USC) condition, which is currently available for superconducting devices. We examine the USC regime for EM fields interacting with two-level systems located in highly connected graph nodes of photonic networks beyond the rotating wave approximation. We find that a critical matter–field coupling parameter reduces

⟨
k
⟩

times due to network peculiarities providing suitable conditions for equilibrium PT observation;

⟨
k
⟩

is a network average node degree. We study the non-equilibrium (Dicke) superradiance for the same network system and show that superradiance appears as a non-equilibrium PT to the superradiant laser operating within a bad cavity limit. We show that population inversion in this case plays the same role as the reciprocal temperature inherent to the equilibrium superradiant PT. Our results open new perspectives for experimental observation of superradiance in cavity-free systems in the gigahertz photonic regime and beyond.
Classifying extended, localized and critical states in quasiperiodic lattices via unsupervised learning
Authors: Zheng 郑 Bohan 博涵 , Zhu 朱 Siyu 思宇 , Zhou 周 Xingping 兴平 , Liu 刘 Tong 通 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Classification of quantum phases is one of the most important areas of research in condensed matter physics. In this work, we obtain the phase diagram of one-dimensional quasiperiodic models via unsupervised learning. Firstly, we choose two advanced unsupervised learning algorithms, namely, density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) and ordering points to identify the clustering structure (OPTICS), to explore the distinct phases of the Aubry–André–Harper model and the quasiperiodic p-wave model. The unsupervised learning results match well with those obtained through traditional numerical diagonalization. Finally, we assess similarity across different algorithms and find that the highest degree of similarity between the results of unsupervised learning algorithms and those of traditional algorithms exceeds 98%. Our work sheds light on applications of unsupervised learning for phase classification.
Introduction to latent variable energy-based models: a path toward autonomous machine intelligence
Authors: Dawid Anna , LeCun Yann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Current automated systems have crucial limitations that need to be addressed before artificial intelligence can reach human-like levels and bring new technological revolutions. Among others, our societies still lack level-5 self-driving cars, domestic robots, and virtual assistants that learn reliable world models, reason, and plan complex action sequences. In these notes, we summarize the main ideas behind the architecture of autonomous intelligence of the future proposed by Yann LeCun. In particular, we introduce energy-based and latent variable models and combine their advantages in the building block of LeCun’s proposal, that is, in the hierarchical joint-embedding predictive architecture.
Learning to sample better
Authors: S Albergo Michael , Vanden-Eijnden Eric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
These lecture notes provide an introduction to recent advances in generative modeling methods based on the dynamical transportation of measures, by means of which samples from a simple base measure are mapped to samples from a target measure of interest. Special emphasis is put on the applications of these methods to Monte–Carlo (MC) sampling techniques, such as importance sampling and Markov Chain Monte–Carlo schemes. In this context, it is shown how the maps can be learned variationally using data generated by MC sampling, and how they can in turn be used to improve such sampling in a positive feedback loop.
Research on Cooperative Tracking of Multiple Agents on Heterogeneous Ground
Authors: Zheng Siying , Wu Jie , Wang Zhaolong , Qu Liping , He Yikai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pursuit-evasion scenarios are typical and significant area of study multi-agent behaviours. While previous research has primarily focused on training pursuit strategies on idealized flat, this paper explores pursuit strategies on heterogeneous ground that rely on ground features from the effects of friction and viscous forces. Since agent interacts with heterogeneous ground and changes its acceleration, we perform multi-agent modelling. Aiming at the multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient (MADDPG) algorithm’s low training efficiency and slow convergence speed in pursuit learning, we use the prioritized experience selection mechanism of MADDPG algorithm (PES-MADDPG) which improve the experience extraction mechanism based on the policy evaluation function error and the experience extraction training frequency. With this approach, the design of rewards results in faster convergence of reward values. The experimental findings confirm that the suggested method delivers better performance and effectiveness for pursuers and evaders on heterogeneous ground, and both can acquire the relevant movement strategies through training.
Design and Operation of IoT System and Power Communication with Digital Twin Technology
Authors: Lou Jia , Wang Chaoer , Xu Mengjie , He Le , Zhang Pengjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper explores how to integrate digital twin technology into IoT system design to achieve more efficient monitoring and maintenance of power communication networks. By introducing digital twin technology, the real-time performance and accuracy of embedded systems in power communication are enhanced, providing strong data support and simulation environments for predictive maintenance and fault diagnosis. This paper combines theoretical research with practical applications to propose an embedded IoT system design based on the ARM9 platform and verifies its effectiveness in power communication networks. In the testing phase, the ARM9-based IoT system demonstrated a processing speed 15% faster than previous designs, with a latency reduction of 18% in communication processes. These enhancements contribute to the overall efficiency and reliability of power communication networks.