bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selecting Fully‐Modified XNA Aptamers Using Synthetic Genetics
Authors: Taylor Alexander I. , Holliger Philipp 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis unit describes the application of “synthetic genetics,” i.e., the replication of xeno nucleic acids (XNAs), artificial analogs of DNA and RNA bearing alternative backbone or sugar congeners, to the directed evolution of synthetic oligonucleotide ligands (XNA aptamers) specific for target proteins or nucleic acid motifs, using a cross‐chemistry selective exponential enrichment (X‐SELEX) approach. Protocols are described for synthesis of diverse‐sequence XNA repertoires (typically 1014 molecules) using DNA templates, isolation and panning for functional XNA sequences using targets immobilized on solid phase or gel shift induced by target binding in solution, and XNA reverse transcription to allow cDNA amplification or sequencing. The method may be generally applied to select fully‐modified XNA aptamers specific for a wide range of target molecules. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Self‐Assembly of Antisite Defectless nano‐LiFePO4@C/Reduced Graphene Oxide Microspheres for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Hongbin , Liu Lijia , Wang Runwei , Yan Xiao , Wang Ziqi , Hu Jiangtao , Chen Haibiao , Jiang Shang , Ni Ling , Qiu Hailong , Tang Haitong , Wei Yingjin , Zhang Zongtao , Qiu Shilun , Pan Feng 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLiFePO4@C/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hierarchical microspheres with superior electrochemical activity and a high tap density were first synthesized by using a Fe3+‐based single inorganic precursor (LiFePO4OH@RF/GO; RF=resorcinol–formaldehyde, GO=graphene oxide) obtained from a template‐free self‐assembly synthesis followed by direct calcination. The synthetic process requires no physical mixing step. The phase transformation pathway from tavorite LiFePO4OH to olivine LiFePO4 upon calcination was determined by means of the in situ high‐temperature XRD technique. Benefitting from the unique structure of the material, these microspheres can be densely packed together, giving a high tap density of 1.3 g cm−3, and simultaneously, defectless LiFePO4 primary nanocrystals modified with a highly conductive surface carbon layer and ultrathin rGO provide good electronic and ionic kinetics for fast electron/Li+ ion transport.
Long‐term impacts of shrub plantations in a desert–oasis ecotone: Accumulation of soil nutrients, salinity, and development of herbaceour layer
Authors: Yu Kailiang , Wang Guohua 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis study used a 40‐year chronosequence of Haloxylon ammodendron plantations to evaluate its impacts on soil and vegetation conditions in a desert–oasis ecotone with extremely low annual precipitation (≈100 mm). We found that the fraction of silt and clay contents significantly increased from 6.4% and 5.1% in Year 0 to 22–23.3% and 15.8–18% in the 40‐year‐old plantation in the soil depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm, respectively. Soil nutrients (i.e., soil organic matter, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus) were significantly improved after H. ammodendron plantations. However, there was a significant increase in soil salinity, which may negatively affect sustainability of ecosystem restorations in future (drier and warmer) climate. Planted H. ammodendron established and thrived in the first 25 years, but the percent vegetation cover started to decrease afterwards because of reduction in deep soil moisture and less access to groundwater. By comparison, herbaceous plants gradually developed after H. ammodendron plantations and finally dominated the ecosystems with high density (300–400 herbs·m−1), cover (25–30%), and biomass (50–60 × 10−3 kg·m−2) after 30–40 years. These results suggest that although introduced shrubs can act as nurse plants to improve vegetation and soil conditions, their dominance could be a transient state. Thus, evaluation of ecosystem restoration through plantations should use long‐term data, and the stable plant restorations for years or even decades could be a transient state and does not necessarily suggest a successful revegetation effort in the long run. Further, its environmental consequences (i.e., soil salinity) of shrub plantations need to be evaluated in ecosystem restorations especially in a changing and harsh environment.
A CRISPR‐Based Selective Gene Inhibition Method Reveals Dynamic Features of a Cell Nucleus Nanobody Related to the Disease Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: Ma Hanhui , Reyes‐Gutierrez Pablo , Pederson Thoru 
Published: May 2018

AbstractA major form of the severe pediatric muscle disease myotonic dystrophy is caused by a CTG repeat expansion in the gene (dmpk) for the enzyme DM protein kinase 1. As a consequence, this mutant allele produces aberrant transcripts that have elongated tracts of CUG repeats. These RNAs appear to stall within the cell nucleus, congressing in small, discrete bodies situated away from their site of gene transcription. Here, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐based approach is deployed that reveals that these nuclear nanobodies are not static structures. When the transcription of the dmpk gene is halted by a targeted CRISPR‐based inhibition method, the preexisting transcripts delocalize from the nuclear bodies, showing that they are continuously trafficking through and are not stalled there in an accretion mode. This report is an example of how a novel method can address a nanoscale dimension of molecular cell biology in the nucleus, one with direct medical relevance.
Titanic's mirage, part 1: The enigma of the Arctic High and a cold‐water tongue of the Labrador Current
Authors: Zinkova Mila 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMore than a century after the sinking of the Titanic, scientists and historians are still trying to understand what happened on that fateful night. New hypotheses, including the one that declares a Fata Morgana type mirage was involved in both the collision with the iceberg and the failed communications between the Titanic and the Californian, are being introduced on a regular basis. This article is the first in a four‐part series that examines the mirage theory of the Titanic disaster. In this part, a few ways in which a temperature inversion (which is required for a mirage to form) could have developed at the site of the disaster at the time of the collision and subsequent sinking are explored. A high‐pressure cell, an icy river of melt‐water and the Gulf Stream are all examined as factors that could have contributed to the formation of an inversion. It is demonstrated that the development of a steep temperature inversion at the wreck site, though rather unlikely, cannot be excluded completely.
The August 2015 mega‐heatwave in Poland in the context of past events
Authors: Krzyżewska Agnieszka , Dyer Jamie 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThis paper provides a meteorological overview of the 2015 mega‐heatwave (MHW) over Poland and compares the event with other MHWs in the region since World War II (up until 2015). A mega‐heatwave is defined as an event with at least 6 consecutive days with a maximum air temperature in excess of 30°C. These events are analysed here using observational meteorological data from ten major cities in Poland and neighbouring countries, along with 0.25° × 0.25° analysis fields from the Global Forecast System (GFS). Although the various events had different regional characteristics, in general they were caused by the inflow of a hot tropical air mass from the south, and were perpetuated by a high‐pressure system to the east of Poland and in some cases a low‐pressure system to the west. The 2015 MHW was the most extreme of the studied events, lasting from 9 days in Bialystok to 14 days in Warsaw and Poznan.
Motor Retraining (MoRe) for Functional Movement Disorders: Outcomes From a 1‐Week Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Jacob Alexandra E. , Kaelin Darryl L. , Roach Abbey R. , Ziegler Craig H. , LaFaver Kathrin 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBackgroundFunctional movement disorders (FMDs) are conditions of abnormal motor control thought to be caused by psychological factors. These disorders are commonly seen in neurologic practice, and prognosis is often poor. No consensus treatment guidelines have been established; however, the role of physical therapy in addition to psychotherapy has increasingly been recognized. This study reports patient outcomes from a multidisciplinary FMD treatment program using motor retraining (MoRe) strategies.ObjectiveTo assess outcomes of FMD patients undergoing a multidisciplinary treatment program and determine factors predictive of treatment success.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingUniversity‐affiliated rehabilitation institute.PatientsThirty‐two consecutive FMD patients admitted to the MoRe program from July 2014–July 2016.InterventionPatients participated in a 1‐week, multidisciplinary inpatient treatment program with daily physical, occupational, speech therapy, and psychotherapy interventions.Main Outcome MeasurementsPrimary outcome measures were changes in the patient‐rated Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) and the physician‐rated Psychogenic Movement Disorder Rating Scale (PMDRS) based on review of standardized patient videos. Measurements were taken as part of the clinical evaluation of the program.ResultsTwenty‐four of the 32 patients were female with a mean age of 49.1 (±14.2) years and mean symptom duration of 7.4 (±10.8) years. Most common movement phenomenologies were abnormal gait (31.2%), hyperkinetic movements (31.2%), and dystonia (31.2%). At discharge, 86.7% of patients reported symptom improvement on the CGI, and self‐reported improvement was maintained in 69.2% at the 6‐month follow‐up. PMDRS scores improved by 59.1% from baseline to discharge. Longer duration of symptoms, history of abuse, and comorbid psychiatric disorders were not significant predictors of treatment outcomes.ConclusionsThe majority of FMD patients experienced improvement from a 1‐week multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation program. Treatment outcomes were not negatively correlated with longer disease duration or psychiatric comorbidities. The results from our study are encouraging, although further long‐term prospective randomized studies are needed.Level of EvidenceIII
The triple system HD 150136: From periastron passage to actual masses
Authors: Mahy L. , Gosset E. , Manfroid J. , Nitschelm C. , Hervé A. , Semaan T. , Sana H. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Toonen S. 
Published: May 2018

Context. The triple system HD 150136 is composed of an O3 V((f*))–O3.5 V((f+)) primary, of an O5.5–6 V((f)) secondary, and of a more distant O6.5–7 V((f)) tertiary. The latter component went through periastron in 2015–2016, an event that will not occur again within the next eight years.
Aims. We aim to analyse the tertiary periastron passage to determine the orbital properties of the outer system, to constrain its inclination and its eccentricity, and to determine the actual masses of the three components of the system.
Methods. We conducted an intensive spectroscopic monitoring of the periastron passage of the tertiary component and combined the outcoming data with new interferometric measurements. This allows us to derive the orbital solution of the outer orbit in three-dimensional space. We also obtained the light curve of the system to further constrain the inclination of the inner binary.
Results. We determine an orbital period of 8.61 ± 0.02 years, an eccentricity of 0.682 ± 0.002, and an inclination of 106.18 ± 0.14° for the outer orbit. The actual masses of the inner system and of the tertiary object are 72.32−8.49+8.45 M⊙ and 15.54−4.97+4.96 M⊙, respectively. From the mass of the inner system and accounting for the known mass ratio between the primary and the secondary, we determine actual masses of 42.81 M⊙ and 29.51 M⊙ for the primary and the secondary components, respectively. We infer, from the different mass ratios and the inclination of the outer orbit, an inclination of 62.4° for the inner system. This value is confirmed by photometry. Grazing eclipses and ellipsoidal variations are detected in the light curve of HD 150136. We also compute the distance of the system to 1.096 ± 0.274 kpc.
Conclusions. By combining spectroscopy, interferometry, and photometry, HD 150136 offers us a unique chance to compare theory and observations. The masses estimated through our analysis are smaller than those constrained by evolutionary models. The formation of this triple system suggests similar ages for the three components within the errorbars. Finally, we show that Lidov–Kozai cycles have no effect on the evolution of the inner binary, which suggests that the latter will experience mass transfer leading to a merger of the two stars.
Exécution etmindgamedans les jeux vidéo de combat : les deux facettes de la vidéomotricité dans l’e-sport
Authors: Besombes Nicolas 
Published: May 2018

L’e-sport désigne la pratique compétitive du jeu vidéo. Ce phénomène connaît une popularité croissante et sa comparaison avec le sport fait régulièrement débat. De nombreux travaux universitaires ont apporté des éléments de réponses, que ce soit dans le domaine des sciences du sport ou de l’information et de la communication. Ces recherches révèlent que l’activité physique des joueurs est souvent perçue dans l’imaginaire populaire comme le talon d’Achille de l’e-sport lorsqu’il s’agit de le comparer au sport. L’objectif de cet article est de mettre en évidence l’engagement moteur des joueurs. À l’aide d’observations filmées ciblées sur la motricité des joueurs pendant huit rassemblements e-sportifs, et de quatre entretiens semi-directifs conduits avec des joueurs compétitifs de jeux vidéo de combat, nos résultats révèlent que la performance dans l’e-sport repose sur deux compétences indissociables. D’un côté, les joueurs doivent automatiser par répétition les différentes combinaisons précises et rythmées de touches sur leurs contrôleurs (l’exécution), et de l’autre, ils doivent décoder les intentions de l’adversaire à travers les animations virtuelles du personnage à l’écran (lemindgame). Cette capacité à détecter des indices sur les actions virtuelles du personnage adverse, et à choisir une réponse motrice réelle adaptée, présuppose alors l’incorporation de la dynamique du jeu vidéo.
Cultural grammar and the cultural linguistics heritage from the pre-Millennials
Authors: Palmer Gary B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWhile the newly arriving Millennial generation of cultural linguists was maturing, Boomers and Generation Xer’s were developing a theory of cognitive linguistics in an environment hostile to both induction and science. Two decades of mechanical deductive models from the intellectual (not political) right were followed by two more decades of linguistic subversion of science from the postmodernist left. In spite of these astringent intellectual currents, inductive linguistic science thrived in the last two decades of the 20th Century and attracted attention from other disciplines, including anthropology, philosophy, psychology, and ESL. The branch that we call cognitive linguistics did so largely by investigating imagery, usage, symbolic networks, and systems of metaphor. Some researchers from the social and linguistic sciences found it useful to shift the focus away from the universal imagistic attentional processes employed by cognitive linguists and over to culturally defined sources of imagery. This resulted in the retooling of linguistic relativism under the rubric ofcultural linguisticsjust as the first Millennials were entering grad schools at the advent of the 21st century. In addition to motivating cross-linguistic and cross-cultural studies of metaphors and cultural models, the shift has been productive in revealing links between culture, ideology, and grammar. It is argued that the single most pregnant and distinguishing concept in cultural linguistics is that of thescenario, and it is hoped that the Millennial generation will continue to develop and employ it in cross-linguistic studies. In this paper we demonstrate its application to cultural grammar.
QUELLE SPÉCIFICITÉ POUR LES BESOINS DE SANTÉ DES RÉFUGIÉS MINEURS NON ACCOMPAGNÉS? EXPÉRIENCE D’UNE CONSULTATION AMBULATOIRE DE MÉDECINE DE L’ADOLESCENT EN SUISSE
Authors: Narring Françoise , Patseadou Magdalini , Weber Catherine Chamay 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Environ 3% des demandeurs d’asile sur le sol européen arrivent en Suisse et leur nombre a été multiplié par 10 entre 2000 et 2015. Les jeunes mineurs non accompagnés (MNA), parmi eux représentent un groupe particulièrement vulnérable.

OBJECTIVES
Le but de cette étude est d’identifier les problèmes les plus fréquents repérés et d’évaluer leur parcours de soin dans le pays d’accueil.

DESIGN/METHODS
Une étude rétrospective des dossiers médicaux informatisés de tous les adolescents MNA de 12 à 18 ans ayant consulté l’unité ambulatoire de l’Hôpital universitaires de Genève pour la première fois en 2015 et 2016 a analysé les données concernant les consultations de premier recours, les consultations avec des spécialistes et les admissions aux urgences. Les diagnostics codés à l’aide de la CIM-10 ont été classés en 5 catégories: 1) maladies transmissibles; 2) maladies non transmissibles; 3) carence nutritionnelle; 4) problèmes de santé mentale; 5) plaintes floues.
Un total de 226 jeunes MNA ont été inclus (89.4% de sexe masculin; âge moyen 16,4 ans).

RESULTS
La majorité (90,2%) ont au moins un problème de santé: 44% maladie transmissible, parasitoses principalement; 38% maladie non transmissible, acné et maladie chronique majoritairement; 43% carence nutritionnelle; 35% de problème de santé mentale, principalement troubles émotionnels et stress post traumatique; 31% de plaintes floues.
Un quart des jeunes MNA ont eu plus de 6 consultations avec le médecin durant les 12 premiers mois, deux tiers ont été référés à un spécialiste (dermatologie ou cardiologie pour les plus nombreux), 43% d’entre eux ont consulté au moins une fois le service des urgences pour un problème somatique aigu ou une détresse psychologique.

CONCLUSION
Les besoins de santé des jeunes MNA sont importants et devraient être une priorité dans les pays d’accueil de ces jeunes.
A GROUP FOR PARENTS OF YOUTH WITH CHRONIC PAIN: RATIONALE, STRUCTURE, CONTENT, AND PRELIMINARY OUTCOME DATA
Authors: Edwards Kim , McMurtry C Meghan , Lee Soeun , Jackson Elena 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Parenting a youth with chronic pain can be challenging and have a significant impact relationally, emotionally and financially on caregivers (Palermo, 2000; Lewandowski et al., 2010). There is a growing literature indicating that parent emotions (e.g., anxiety, depression), cognitions (e.g., coping, pain catastrophizing), and behaviours (e.g., attending to pain symptoms) can moderate a child’s adjustment to chronic pain (Logan & Scharff, 2005; Palermo et al., 2014; Palermo & Eccleston, 2008). Therefore, intervening with parents of youth with chronic pain is believed to foster better outcomes regarding children’s functioning (e.g., school attendance; Coakley & Wihak, 2017).

OBJECTIVES
No study has evaluated a stand-alone intervention targeted at parents of youth with chronic pain. Consequently, this poster presents a five week parenting group that we developed and ran on four occasions. Preliminary results pertaining to group feasability, satisfaction, and effectiveness will also be presented.

DESIGN/METHODS
The group is designed to augment the treatment of youth in our program and includes the following topics: chronic pain 101 (psychoeducation), impact of pain on the family, self-care, tools for managing a child’s pain, identifying and overcoming barriers, school partnerships, and celebrating successes. Each session involves homework review, a mindfulness activity, new material (inclusive of a didactic activity), goal-setting, and assigned readings.
To date, 41 parents of youth with chronic pain have participated in the four group cycles. Outcomes were measured using the Adult Responses to Children’s Symptoms (ARCS) Questionnaire (Noel et al., 2015; Van Slyke & Walker, 2006) which parents completed at the start and end of the group. Feedback and parent satisfaction were also obtained on a feedback form designed by authors and given on the last session of group.

RESULTS
Overall, the group demonstrated adequate feasibility, was well-received by parents, and high satisfaction was reported. Preliminary data suggest that the group was helpful in reducing some parental responses associated with maladaptive child outcomes. More specifically, statistically significant decreases in protectiveness, monitoring, and minimizing (subscales of the ARCS) were found after the 5 week intervention.

CONCLUSION
“Anecdotally, many parents expressed uncertainty about how to respond when adolescents complained of pain and refused to go to school, and parents appeared eager for…strategies to help them negotiate the situation” (Logan & Simons, 2010, p. 833).
Our results are consistent with previous literature (Logan & Simons, 2010; Saunders et al., 1994) and suggest that intervening with parents may help improve outcomes for youth with chronic pain.
ARE SEXUALLY ABUSED CHILDREN AT RISK FOR VICTIMIZATION BY PEERS?
Authors: Bernard-Bonnin Anne-Claude , Tremblay-Perreault Amélie , Hébert Martine , Allard-Dansereau Claire 
Published: May 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
A few studies suggest that children who suffered maltreatment are more at risk for victimization by peers. However, there is little knowledge about factors that may influence the risk of re-victimization by peers for sexually abused (SA) children.

OBJECTIVES
Identify if self-blame and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are risk factors for SA children victimization by peers.

DESIGN/METHODS
376 children (248 girls and 128 boys) between 5 to 14 years of age were recruited within five centers for child and youth SA evaluation. Victimization by peers was measured with the Report Victimization Scale answered by the child, his parent and his teacher. PTSS were measured with the subscale of the Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale (CITES II) and self-blame was measured with three items from the subscale guilt/blame of ​CITES II. Characteristics of the abuse were abstracted from the medical chart. Description of SA was done according to Russell’s classification: less severe (physical contact over clothing), severe (physical contact without penetration, and without using of force), very severe (attempted or actual penetration). Statistical analysis was done through logistic regression.

RESULTS
Abuse was very severe in 61% of cases and chronic in 37.4% of cases. Aggressors were family members in 53.3% of cases. Clinical level of peer victimization was reported for 19.2% of children by their own score, 9.2% by parental score and 3.6% by teacher’s score. PTSS were at the clinical level for 53.3% of children Around 60% of the sample reported feelings of blame, as indicated by at least one score of “somewhat true”on one of the three items. The dichotomized analysis (clinical vs subclinical score of victimization by peers) showed that PTSS were positively associated with the child’s peer victimization score (Exp (B) = 1.05, p<.02), and self-blame was positively associated with the parent’s peer victimization score (Exp(B)=1.23, p<.05). Results of a Sobel test revealed that PTSS completely mediated the positive relationship between self-blame and peer victimization (Standard Beta = .37, p<.01). In the final model, self-blame was positively associated with PTSS (Standard Beta = .54, p<.01), while the latter were positively associated with victimization by peers (Standard Beta = .44, p<.01). The final model explained 26.7% of the variance of victimization by peers.

CONCLUSION
These results suggest that PTSS and self-blame are key targets for intervention in order to diminish the risk of victimization by peers in SA children.