bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small GTPase RHOE/RND3, a new critical regulator of NF‐κB signalling in glioblastoma multiforme?
Authors: Sun Qian , Dong Huimin , Li Yuntao , Yuan Fan'en , Xu Yang , Mao Shanping , Xiong Xiaoxing , Chen Qianxue , Liu Baohui 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectivesAbnormal activation of NF‐κB signalling is a major mechanism of apoptosis resistance in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Therefore, better understanding of the regulation of NF‐κB signalling has a significant impact for GBM therapy. Here, we uncovered a critical role of the small GTPase RND3 in regulating the p65 subunit of NF‐κB and NF‐κB signalling in GBM.Materials and methodsHuman GBM samples, GBM cells and a human orthotopic GBM‐xenografted animal model were used. The mechanisms of RND3 in regulation of NF‐κB signalling and GBM cell apoptosis were examined by luciferase assay, quantitative PCR, immunostaining, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, coimmunoprecipitation, TUNEL staining, JC‐1 analysis and flow cytometry.ResultsOverexpression of RND3 led to reduced p65 activity in GBM‐cultured cells and a GBM animal model, indicating that the NF‐κB pathway is negatively regulated by RND3 in GBM. Mechanistically, we found that RND3 bound p65 and promoted p65 ubiquitination, leading to decreased p65 protein levels. Furthermore, RND3 enhanced cleaved caspase 3 levels and promoted apoptosis in GBM cells, and RND3 expression was positively correlated with cleaved caspase 3 and IL‐8 in human GBM samples. The effect of RND3 on promoting apoptosis disappeared when p65 ubiquitination was blocked by protease inhibitor carfilzomib or upon co‐expression of ectopic p65.ConclusionsRND3 binds p65 protein and promotes its ubiquitination, resulting in reduced p65 protein expression and inhibition of NF‐κB signalling to induce GBM cell apoptosis.
Effects of upper extremity surgery on activities and participation of children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review
Authors: Louwers Annoek , Warnink‐Kavelaars Jessica , Daams Joost , Beelen Anita 
Published: July 2019

AimTo evaluate and synthesize the evidence for effects of upper extremity surgery (UES) on activities and participation of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodThe databases MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO were searched for publications up to September 2018. Studies included were comparative studies with or without concurrent comparison groups or case series with pretest/posttest outcomes with a minimal sample size of 10 participants; those that reported the effects of UES with a follow‐up time of at least 5 months; those including patients diagnosed with CP aged up to 20 years; and those that used a validated activity‐based instrument. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS‐I (Risk Of Bias In Non‐randomised Studies ‐ of Interventions) tool and quality assessment was performed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.ResultsTwelve studies, involving 310 children and adolescents, were included. The ability and perception of the patient to use the hand(s) and perform activities (measured with the Shriners Hospital Upper Extremity Evaluation, Assisting Hand Assessment, and House Functional Classification) improved significantly after UES. The quality of evidence was very low for each of the activity outcomes of interest.InterpretationThe very low evidence prohibits recommendations on the use of UES to guide clinical practice. More high‐quality comparative studies are needed to obtain better insight into the effects of UES on activities and participation.What this paper adds

Low quality of evidence for effects of upper extremity surgery (UES) on activities and participation.

Limited evidence for improvement in activities and participation after UES.
Prevalence and correlates of diabetes distress, perceived stress and depressive symptoms among adults with early‐onset Type 2 diabetes: cross‐sectional survey results from the Danish DD2 study
Authors: Bo A. , Pouwer F. , Juul L. , Nicolaisen S. K. , Maindal H. T. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsTo establish the prevalence of diabetes distress, perceived stress and depressive symptoms among adults with early‐onset Type 2 diabetes, and to examine their association with socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was performed among individuals with Type 2 diabetes aged 20‐45 years who were included in the Danish nationwide Danish Center for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes cohort between 2010 and 2016. The survey assessed diabetes distress (20‐item Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale), perceived stress (10‐item Perceived Stress Scale) and depressive symptoms (10‐item short form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised), as well as socio‐demographic characteristics. Clinical data were collected from national health registers.ResultsIn total, 216/460 (47%) individuals (48% women) with Type 2 diabetes completed the survey. The median (IQR) age was 42 (38–44) years and the diabetes duration was 5 (3–7) years. In total, 24% of respondents reported high diabetes distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale ≥ 40), 46% reported high perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale ≥ 18) and 41% reported elevated symptoms of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised ≥ 10). The prevalence of emotional problems was higher among women than men. Diabetes distress was higher among those prescribed non‐insulin glucose‐lowering drugs (vs. no glucose‐lowering drugs), but was not associated with other clinical or socio‐demographic characteristics. High perceived stress was associated with being unemployed and using antidepressant medication, and elevated depressive symptoms were associated with low education level, unemployment, living alone, having a psychiatric disorder and using antidepressant medication.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of emotional problems among adults with early‐onset Type 2 diabetes in Denmark. Health care for this group should focus on both physical health and psychosocial circumstances and should also address general as well as diabetes‐specific emotional problems.
Diamondback moth egg susceptibility to rainfall: effects of host plant and oviposition behavior
Authors: Rahman Md Mahbubur , Zalucki Myron P. , Furlong Michael J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractOviposition patterns of the diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), differ between common cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis) (Brassicaceae) host plants. This study shows that the moth prefers to oviposit on adaxial rather than abaxial leaf surfaces and petioles of both host plants. More eggs were laid in leaf veins than on leaf laminas of both host plants, especially in Chinese cabbage, where 94.6% of eggs were laid in veins. On Chinese cabbage, very few eggs were laid in clusters (≥2 eggs), whereas on common cabbage approximately 30% of eggs were laid in groups of 2 or more eggs. Removal of wax from common cabbage leaves dramatically increased the number of eggs laid singly on the leaf lamina of treated plants, suggesting that leaf waxes affect how eggs are distributed by ovipositing DBM. Eggs were most susceptible to removal by rainfall from the plant surface immediately (<1 h) after oviposition and when close to hatching (>72h old) whereas they were least susceptible 24 h after oviposition. Eggs laid on common cabbage plants were more susceptible to simulated rainfall than eggs laid on Chinese cabbage plants. On common cabbage plants, egg susceptibility to rainfall on different plant parts ranked adaxial leaf surfaces>petioles = abaxial leaf surfaces>stem, but there was no difference in egg susceptibility to rainfall on the various plant parts of Chinese cabbage. Furthermore, on common cabbage plants, eggs laid on both adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were afforded significant protection from the effects of rainfall by leaves higher in the plant canopy. On common cabbage plants, oviposition patterns reduce the potential impact of rainfall on eggs, possibly reducing the effect of this important abiotic mortality factor in the field.
Dominant soil bacteria and their ecological attributes across the deserts in northern China
Authors: Feng Wei , Zhang Yuqing , Yan Ru , Lai Zongrui , Qin Shugao , Sun Yanfei , She Weiwei , Liu Zhen 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSoils harbour highly diverse bacterial communities that are essential for nutrient cycling and carbon storage. However, this diversity impedes the efforts to characterize individual taxa and their ecological attributes. In particular, comprehensive assessments of soil bacterial communities in drylands in China are limited. In this study, soil samples were collected across 12 deserts, covering four climatic regions (dry sub‐humid, semi‐arid, arid and hyper‐arid) in northern China to examine the dominant phylotypes, and their environmental preferences and functional traits. Only 3.2% of the bacterial phylotypes (913 phylotypes) were dominant. These dominant phylotypes can be grouped into six major ecological clusters based on high pH, high elevation, low aridity index, high aridity index, low mean annual temperature and low soil water content, each with multiple phyla. Based on the association between diversity indexes for dominant and subdominant phylotypes, these dominant bacteria might be the drivers or indicators of key soil processes across desert soils in northern China. Genes involved in carbon fixation and decomposition and nitrogen metabolism varied across desert soils, suggesting functional differences. These findings provide deeper insights into soil bacterial communities, which are critical for forecasting the ecological consequences of ongoing global environmental change and for a better mechanistic understanding of the biogeochemical cycle.Highlights

3.2% of the bacterial phylotypes were dominant across 12 deserts in northern China.
The dominant phylotypes were grouped into six major ecological clusters.
Carbon fixation, decomposition and nitrogen metabolism genes varied across desert soils.
Some northern China desert soils might undergo nitrogen and carbon loss in the near future.
Causes of maladaptation
Authors: Brady Steven P. , Bolnick Daniel I. , Angert Amy L. , Gonzalez Andrew , Barrett Rowan D.H. , Crispo Erika , Derry Alison M. , Eckert Christopher G. , Fraser Dylan J. , Fussmann Gregor F. , Guichard Frederic , Lamy Thomas , McAdam Andrew G. , Newman Amy E.M. , Paccard Antoine , Rolshausen Gregor , Simons Andrew M. , Hendry Andrew P. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEvolutionary biologists tend to approach the study of the natural world within a framework of adaptation, inspired perhaps by the power of natural selection to produce fitness advantages that drive population persistence and biological diversity. In contrast, evolution has rarely been studied through the lens of adaptation's complement, maladaptation. This contrast is surprising because maladaptation is a prevalent feature of evolution: population trait values are rarely distributed optimally; local populations often have lower fitness than imported ones; populations decline; and local and global extinctions are common. Yet we lack a general framework for understanding maladaptation; for instance in terms of distribution, severity, and dynamics. Similar uncertainties apply to the causes of maladaptation. We suggest that incorporating maladaptation‐based perspectives into evolutionary biology would facilitate better understanding of the natural world. Approaches within a maladaptation framework might be especially profitable in applied evolution contexts – where reductions in fitness are common. Toward advancing a more balanced study of evolution, here we present a conceptual framework describing causes of maladaptation. As the introductory article for a Special Feature on maladaptation, we also summarize the studies in this Issue, highlighting the causes of maladaptation in each study. We hope that our framework and the papers in this Special Issue will help catalyze the study of maladaptation in applied evolution, supporting greater understanding of evolutionary dynamics in our rapidly changing world.
Current Issues in the Practice of Integrative Couple and Family Therapy
Authors: Lebow Jay L. 
Published: July 2019

This paper provides an overview of current issues in integration in couple and family therapy. It summarizes the evolution of integration in couple and family therapy, the various traditions in integration, the strengths of integrative approach, and the possible pitfalls involved. It highlights the extent to which most couple and family therapy is now integrative practice. It concludes with a consideration of an emerging trend toward methods of practice centered on modules of intervention that have been identified as effective with certain presenting phenomena. The example of therapy for high conflict divorce is utilized to illustrate how various components can be brought together to create a maximally effective intervention.
Modeling fatigue crack and spalling for rolling die under hot milling
Authors: Tolcha Mesay Alemu , Altenbach Holm , Shunki Tibba Getachew 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIn hot milling process, rolling die is subjected to nonsteady conditions which can rise the combinations of fatigue and spalling damage mechanism. An understanding about the failure mechanism of the rolling die is essential under hot rolling process. Fatigue crack growth and spalling process are governed by highly concentrated strain and stress in the crack tip region. Based on the theory of elastic‐plastic fracture mechanics, an analytical model are presented in this paper to determine the elliptical crack growth rate and spalling damage mechanism. The model includes new proposed constitutive equations for fatigue and spalling crack growth. To verify the models, finite element simulation and experimental data are considered. The results show good agreement with finite element simulation and experimental data.
Observations of fatigue crack behaviour in proton‐irradiated 304 stainless steel
Authors: Spencer Rory P. , Patterson Eann A. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) has been used to monitor fatigue crack growth in compact tension (CT) specimens, made from 304 grade austenitic stainless steel, that have been subject to proton irradiation. Several specimens had a 10 × 10 mm area ahead of a 1‐mm precrack irradiated with a 1.6 MeV proton beam up to 0.216C to 0.648C of accumulated charge prior to fatigue testing. Subsequently, specimens were loaded sinusoidally at 20 Hz with an R ratio of 0.5, and TSA data were collected both at the loading frequency and its second harmonic. Irradiation appears to cause an increase in the fatigue life, with a reduction in crack growth rate observed in the irradiated specimens compared with the unirradiated control specimens. Irradiation damage caused a moderately linear change in both the parameters of the Paris law with accumulated charge from the irradiation.
Stochastic fatigue damage assessment of metro switch blade
Authors: Lu Chun , Meléndez Juan , Martínez‐Esnaola José Manuel 
Published: July 2019

AbstractStochastic fatigue damage of a metro switch blade is studied with a combination of explicit finite element model (FEM), multiaxial fatigue criterion, and statistical analysis. The explicit FEM is used to reproduce dynamic procedure and to provide detailed stress/strain state variation. A multiaxial fatigue criterion proposed recently is extended to 3D conditions for fatigue prediction. The influence of stochastic impact position is considered by statistical analysis. After analysis, the formation of the serious unstable crack (continuous bites) on the switch blade can be revealed. From the perspective of service life, increasing traction coefficient and decreasing friction coefficient between wheel flange and switch blade gauge surface are beneficial but not significant. However, a speed increase from 36 to 54 km/h can lead to 40% reduction in service life. This work enhances the cognition of damage mechanism on switch blade and provides theoretical foundation for service life design and maintenance operation.
Open science and meta‐analysis allow for rapid advances in ecology: A response to Menegotto et al. (2019)
Authors: Kinlock Nicole L. , Prowant Lisa , Herstoff Emily M. , Foley Catherine M. , Akin‐Fajiye Morodoluwa , Bender Nicole , Umarani Mihir , Ryu Hae Yeong , Şen Bilgecan , Gurevitch Jessica 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMenegotto and colleagues’ (2019) commentary on our paper (Kinlock et al., 2018) does not negate our findings, but by recategorizing and reanalysing a portion of our data set, advances our knowledge of the latitudinal diversity gradients (LDGs) in marine ecosystems, particularly emphasizing different findings for benthic LDGs as a result of the recategorization of the data. Furthermore, we see the contribution by Menegotto et al. (2019) as highlighting the importance of scientific transparency; we believe that this insight into the nature of LDGs in marine systems would have been delayed, if not unobtainable, had we not provided fully transparent methods and complete data in our paper.
Daily sleep duration and the risk of incident disability among younger elderly Japanese adults in the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation Project: A prospective study using competing event analysis
Authors: Zhang Lin , Ukawa Shigekazu , Zhao Wenjing , Okabayashi Satoe , Ando Masahiko , Wakai Kenji , Tsushita Kazuyo , Kawamura Takashi , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: July 2019

AimThis study aimed to investigate the association between daily sleep duration and incident disability among younger elderly individuals in Japan.MethodsWe carried out a prospective cohort study, the New Integrated Suburban Seniority Investigation Project, including 1895 (962 men and 933 women) Japanese physically and socially independent individuals aged ≥65 years. Information on daily sleep duration, demographic, lifestyle characteristics and medical status were collected by questionnaire and health checkup every year from 1996 through 2005. Dates of incident disability were confirmed using the certification for the long‐term care insurance in Japan. We treated censored cases due to death as competing events. A competing risk model was used to calculate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for incident disability.ResultsDuring a median of 12.7 years of follow up, 256 participants (114 men and 142 women) reported incident disability. Compared with a sleep duration of 7–7.9 h/day, sleeping <6 h/day showed an increased risk of incident disability (hazard ratio 1.64, 95% confidence interval 1.13–2.38 for total; hazard ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.19–3.03 for women).ConclusionsThe present findings suggest that shorter sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident disability among older Japanese people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019; 19: 945–949.
Mobility hub or hollow? Cross‐border travelling in the Mediterranean, 1995–2016
Authors: DEUTSCHMANN EMANUEL , RECCHI ETTORE , BICCHI FEDERICA 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Mediterranean is often portrayed as a hub of human mobility. In this article, we test this widespread view by exploring the structure of travel flows in the region over the last two decades (1995–2016). We find that mobility is much higher and increasing more strongly along the northern than along the southern shore, thus creating a growing mobility divide. South–north and north–south movements are even scarcer and stagnate or even decline over time. With a Gini coefficient of .87, mobility flows are distributed extremely unequally across country pairs in the Mediterranean. Community detection algorithms reconfirm that mobility predominantly takes place in disparate clusters around the Mediterranean, not across it. These findings imply that a ‘neo‐Braudelian’ view of the Mediterranean as a mobility hub is less justified than a ‘Rio Grande’ perspective that conceives of the Mediterranean as a mobility hollow. Multivariate regression models for network data suggest that geographical distance and, to a lesser extent, political visa regulations, explain the unequal mobility structure better than differences in economic well‐being.
Marstacimab, a tissue factor pathway inhibitor neutralizing antibody, improves coagulation parameters of ex vivo dosed haemophilic blood and plasmas
Authors: Patel‐Hett Sunita , Martin Erika J. , Mohammed Bassem M. , Rakhe Swapnil , Sun Pengling , Barrett John C. , Nolte Melinda E. , Kuhn Janice , Pittman Debra D. , Murphy John E. , Brophy Donald F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractIntroductionTissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is an endogenous inhibitor of the extrinsic pathway that negatively regulates thrombin production during coagulation. Under haemophilic conditions, where the intrinsic coagulation pathway is impaired, inhibition of TFPI may improve clotting.AimWe investigated the ex vivo effects of a human TFPI neutralizing antibody, marstacimab (previously PF‐06741086), in coagulation assays including rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), thrombin generation assay (TGA) and the dilute prothrombin time (dPT) assay, performed in haemophilic whole blood and plasmas. We compared the effects of marstacimab to the effects of recombinant coagulation factors and investigated the reproducibility of marstacimab in restoring haemostasis by comparing its effect in whole blood collected from the same study participants on differing days.MethodsCitrated whole blood and plasmas obtained from haemophilia participants were supplemented ex vivo with vehicle, marstacimab, recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) or recombinant factor IX (rFIX) and analysed in ROTEM, TGA and the dPT assay using low tissue factor concentrations to trigger coagulation.ResultsMarstacimab induced pro‐coagulant responses in ROTEM parameters including reduction in clotting times and increases in angle. Similarly, participant plasmas supplemented with marstacimab exhibited improvements in TGA parameters, including reduced lag times, increased peak thrombin concentrations and reductions in dPT clotting time. Concentrations of marstacimab tested showed activity comparable to addition of rFVIII or rFIX and were reproducible.ConclusionsThese studies show the ex vivo potency of marstacimab in restoring haemostasis in whole blood and plasmas from haemophilia participants and comparability to ex vivo reconstitution with recombination coagulation factors.