bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel detection of provenance in the illegal wildlife trade using elemental data
Authors: Brandis Kate J. , Meagher Phoebe J. B. , Tong Lydia J. , Shaw Michelle , Mazumder Debashish , Gadd Patricia , Ramp Daniel 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite being the fourth largest criminal market in the world, no forensic tools have been sufficiently developed to accurately determine the legal status of seized animals and their parts. Although legal trading is permissible for farmed or captive-bred animals, many animals are illegally removed from the wild and laundered by masquerading them as captive bred. Here we present high-resolution x-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a non-invasive and cost-effective tool for forensic classification. We tested the efficacy of this technique by using machine learning on a training set of zoo specimens and wild-caught individuals of short-beaked echidnas (Tachyglossus aculeatus), a small insectivorous monotreme in Australia. XRF outperformed stable isotope analysis (δ13C, δ15N), reducing overall classification error below 4%. XRF has the added advantage of providing samples every 200 μm on a single quill, enabling 100% classification accuracy by taking the consensus of votes per quill. This accurate and cost-effective forensic technique could provide a much needed in situ solution for combating the illegal laundering of wildlife, and conversely, assist with certification of legally bred animals.
Whole-volume ADC Histogram and Texture Analyses of Parotid Glands as an Image Biomarker in Evaluating Disease Activity of Primary Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: Chu Chen , Wang Fengxian , Zhang Huayong , Zhu Yun , Wang Chun , Chen Weibo , He Jian , Sun Lingyun , Zhou Zhengyang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDiffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has proven to be sensitive for detecting early injury to the parotid gland in pSS (primary Sjögren’s syndrome). Here, we explored the application of ADC histogram and texture analyses for evaluating the disease activity of pSS. A total of 55 patients with pSS who met the classification criteria of the 2002 AECG criteria prospectively underwent 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including DWI (b = 0 and 1000 s/mm2). According to the ESSDAI score, 35 patients were categorized into the low-activity group (ESSDAI < 5) and 20 into the moderate-high-activity group (ESSDAI ≥ 5). Via analysis of the whole-volume ADC histogram, the ADCmean, skewness, kurtosis, and entropy values of the bilateral parotid glands were determined. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for predicting disease activity. The diagnostic performance of the indexes was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. ROC analysis showed that the anti-SSB, lip biopsy, MRI morphology, ADC, ADCmean, and entropy values were able to categorize the disease into two groups, particularly the entropy values. The multivariate model, which included anti-SSB, MRI morphology and entropy, had an area under the ROC curve of 0.923 (P < 0.001). The parotid entropy value distinguished disease activity in patients with pSS, especially combined with anti-SSB and MRI morphology.
Recovering distance information in spectral domain interferometry
Authors: Bradu Adrian , Israelsen Niels Møller , Maria Michael , Marques Manuel J. , Rivet Sylvain , Feuchter Thomas , Bang Ole , Podoleanu Adrian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis work evaluates the performance of the Complex Master Slave (CMS) method, that processes the spectra at the interferometer output of a spectral domain interferometry device without involving Fourier transforms (FT) after data acquisition. Reliability and performance of CMS are compared side by side with the conventional method based on FT, phase calibration with dispersion compensation (PCDC). We demonstrate that both methods provide similar results in terms of resolution and sensitivity drop-off. The mathematical operations required to produce CMS results are highly parallelizable, allowing real-time, simultaneous delivery of data from several points of different optical path differences in the interferometer, not possible via PCDC.
Surfactant protein D attenuates acute lung and kidney injuries in pneumonia-induced sepsis through modulating apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling
Authors: Du Juan , Abdel-Razek Osama , Shi Qiao , Hu Fengqi , Ding Guohua , Cooney Robert N. , Wang Guirong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPneumonia and sepsis are major risk factors for acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients with pneumonia and AKI are at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) expressed in lung and kidney plays important roles in innate immunity. However, little is known about the role of organ-specific SP-D in the sepsis. The current study uses wild type (WT), SP-D knockout (KO), and humanized SP-D transgenic (hTG, lung-specific SP-D expression) mice to study organ-specific role of SP-D in pneumonia-induced sepsis. Analyses demonstrated differential lung and kidney injury among three-type mice infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. After infection, KO mice showed higher injurious scores in both lung and kidney, and decreased renal function than WT and hTG mice. hTG mice exhibited comparable lung injury but more severe kidney injury compared to WT mice. Increased renal tubular apoptosis, NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokines in the kidney of KO mice were found when compared with WT and hTG mice. Furthermore, in vitro primary proximal tubular epithelial cells from KO mice showed more apoptosis with higher level of activated caspase-3 than those from WT mice after LPS treatment. Collectively, SP-D attenuates AKI in the sepsis by modulating renal apoptosis, inflammation and NF-κB signaling.
Corticoefferent pathology distribution in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: in vivo evidence from a meta-analysis of diffusion tensor imaging data
Authors: Gorges Martin , Del Tredici Kelly , Dreyhaupt Jens , Braak Heiko , Ludolph Albert C. , Müller Hans-Peter , Kassubek Jan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA sequential transaxonal disease spread of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated TDP-43 pathology in four stages has been defined bypost-mortemdata, which have been transferred toin vivoimaging by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies. Here, we aimed to investigate whether DTI meta-data are consistent with this proposed pattern of progression in ALS. A systematic literature search using the search engines PubMed and Scopus yielded a total of 370 publications. Of these, 57 studies with cross-sectional data and 10 longitudinal studies of human whole-brain analyses of fractional anisotropy (FA) were included in the final data analysis. Statistical meta-analyses on coordinates of significant FA alterations were performed on a grand average alteration data set using a fixed-effect model. A widespread pattern of white matter impairment was identified from cross-sectional meta data (n = 2064 ALS patients vs.n = 1688 controls) and supported from longitudinal meta data (n = 266 ALS patients over 8 months). The results from cross-sectional meta-analyses corresponded to the brain regions and tract systems according to the sequential disease spread of ALS. Structural alterations in ALS patients vs. controls followed a power gradient, i.e., the most frequent alterations were observed along the corticospinal tract (CST, related to ALS stage 1), followed by frequent alterations along the corticorubral/-pontine tract (related to ALS stage 2), together with corticostriatal pathways (related to ALS stage 3), and, finally, alterations in the hippocampal regions adjacent to the proximal portion of the perforant path (related to ALS stage 4). The results from the DTI-based neuroimaging meta-analysis strongly support the model of the corticoefferent axonal disease progression in ALS and provides furtherin vivoevidence for the proposed staging scheme of ALS-associated pathology.
The developmental transcriptome of the human heart
Authors: Pervolaraki Eleftheria , Dachtler James , Anderson Richard A. , Holden Arun V. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe human heart develops through complex mechanisms producing morphological and functional changes during gestation. We have recently demonstrated using diffusion tensor MRI that over the relatively short space of 40 days, between 100–140 days gestational age, the ventricular myocardium transforms from a disorganised tissue to the ordered structure characteristic of mature cardiac tissue. However, the genetic basis underpinning this maturation is unclear. Herein, we have used RNA-Seq to establish the developmentally-regulated transcriptome of gene expression in the developing human heart across three gestational ages in the first and second trimester. By comparing 9 weeks gestational age (WGA) with 12 WGA, we find 288 genes show significant differential expression. 305 genes were significantly altered comparing 12 and 16 WGA, and 806 genes differentially expressed between 9 and 16 WGA. Network analysis was used to identify genetic interactions, node properties and gene ontology categories. In summary, we present a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of human heart development during early gestation, and identify differentially expressed genes during heart development between 9 and 16 weeks, overlapping the first and early second trimester.
Inter-individual variation in adaptive capacity at onset of lactation: Linking metabolic phenotype with mitochondrial DNA haplotype in Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Kinoshita Asako , Kenéz Ákos , Hasselmann Martin , Dänicke Sven , Huber Korinna 
Published: October 2018

AbstractModern-day dairy cows express great variation in metabolic capacity to adapt to the onset of lactation. Although breeding programs increased the breeding value for longevity and robustness in the sires, a respective phenotype in female offspring has not been improving as predicted. Fundamental energy generating pathways such as mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation might have a crucial role for robustness and metabolic efficiency in dairy cows. Therefore, mitochondrial enzyme expression was examined in liver samples of one set of animals before and after calving. Furthermore, the mitochondrial DNA sequence was determined for each individual of a second set of animals using liver samples. Results from the first trial indicate that the expression and extent of phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is the major key step for modulating fatty acid flux into the mitochondria at early onset of lactation in Holstein dairy cows. In the second trial, mitochondrial DNA sequencing and identification of mutation patterns yielded three major haplotypes. Haplotype H2 was closely associated with liver fat content, plasma glycerol and acyl-carnitine concentrations. The mitochondrial DNA haplotype, which is a feature of the maternal lines, might be related to the inter-individual variation in metabolic capacity of Holstein dairy cows.
HPV16-Immortalized Cells from Human Transformation Zone and Endocervix are More Dysplastic than Ectocervical Cells in Organotypic Culture
Authors: Deng Han , Hillpot Eric , Mondal Sumona , Khurana Kamal K. , Woodworth Craig D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA major risk factor for cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) which can cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Greater than 90% of cervical cancers develop in the transformation zone (TZ), a small region of metaplastic squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction between endocervix and ectocervix. However, it is unclear why this region is highly susceptible to malignant progression. We hypothesized that cells from TZ were more susceptible to dysplastic differentiation, a precursor to cervical cancer. We used three-dimensional organotypic culture to compare differentiation of HPV16-immortalized epithelial cell lines derived from ectocervix, TZ, and endocervix. We show that immortal cells from TZ or endocervix form epithelia that are more dysplastic than immortal cells from ectocervix. A higher percentage of immortal cells from TZ and endocervix express the proliferation marker Ki-67 and are positive for phospho-Akt. Immortal cells from TZ and endocervix invade collagen rafts and express increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1. Inhibition of MMP-1 or Akt activity blocks invasion. We conclude that HPV16-immortalized cells cultured from TZ or endocervix are more susceptible to dysplastic differentiation, and this might enhance their susceptibility to cervical cancer.
Neutralizing antibodies to Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in general population, Shandong Province, China
Authors: Li Dexin , Shao Lijun , Bi Yu , Niu Guoyu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV) in East Asia. The research on seroprevalence of SFTSV in healthy people and risk factors had been detailed. However, the levels of neutralizing antibodies against SFTSV in general population were currently unclear. In the present study, we tested 1375 healthy persons from Penglai County, eastern China, for SFTSV neutralizing antibodies; 0.58% (8/1,375) was positive and the positive rates were not significantly different among people at different age groups, occupations and genders. Besides, a follow-up study was conducted and the titer of neutralizing antibodies decreased over time in all eight people but one, and the neutralizing antibodies of five lasted for the entire study period of seven years. Our results suggesting that subclinical infection or a relatively mild form of SFTS illness is occurring in this population, but a small percentage of sera have neutralizing capacity to SFTSV. Hence, most people are just susceptible to SFTSV infection.
An autoimmune disease risk SNP, rs2281808, in SIRPG is associated with reduced expression of SIRPγ and heightened effector state in human CD8 T-cells
Authors: Sinha Sushmita , Borcherding Nicholas , Renavikar Pranav S. , Crawford Michael P. , Tsalikian Eva , Tansey Michael , Shivapour Ezzatollah T. , Bittner Frank , Kamholz John , Olalde Heena , Gibson Emilee , Karandikar Nitin J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMultiple GWAS studies have shown that the SNP rs2281808 TT variant, present within the SIRPG gene, is associated with autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes. However, the role of SIRPγ in human T-cells is not known, neither is the functional significance of TT variant. Here we investigated SIRPG genotypes and their effects on the fate and function of human T-cells. We found that the presence of T variant resulted in reduction of SIRPγ expression on T-cells. Functionally, SIRPγlow CD8 T-cells in CT and TT individuals existed in a heightened effector state with lower activation threshold and had greater expression of genes and molecules associated with migratory and cytotoxic potential. Further, SIRPγlow CD8 T-cells were deficient in transcription factors associated with long-term functional memory formation. Our study reveals biological consequences of the SNP rs2281808 and provides novel insights into the potential mechanisms by which SIRPγ might regulate human immune responses.
First-principles insights on the electronic and optical properties of ZnO@CNT core@shell nanostructure
Authors: Shen Yang , Yang Xiaodong , Bian Yue , Nie Kuiying , Liu Songmin , Tang Kun , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou , Gu Shulin 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn recent years, various kinds of ZnO-based core@shell nanomaterials have been paid much attention due to their widespread applications in the fields of physics, chemistry and energy conversion. In this work, the electronic and optical properties of a new type of ZnO-based one-dimensional core@shell nanostructure, which is composed of inner ZnO nanowire and outer carbon nanotube (CNT), is calculated based on the first-principles density functional theory (DFT). Calculation results suggest that the ZnO nanowire encapsulated in (9, 9)-CNT is the most stable structure from the view of formation energy. The interaction between the inner ZnO nanowire and the outer (9, 9) CNT belongs to a weak van der Waals type. The complex structure is found to possess metallicity for the outer (9, 9) CNT and maintain the wide band gap nature for the inner ZnO nanowire. Under the different external strains, the charge redistribution between inner ZnO nanowire and outer CNT caused by electron tunneling leads to the shift of Dirac point and the band narrowing of inner ZnO nanowire. The inner ZnO nanowire only has light absorption in the UV region, which is consistent with its optical property originating from its wide bandgap nature.
HER2 decreases drug sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells via inducing stem cell-like property in an NFκB-dependent way
Authors: Wang Wenxiang , Gao Yuxia , Hai Jing , Yang Jing , Duan Shufeng 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that cancer stem cells are responsible for drug resistance and relapse of tumors. In breast cancer, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) induces Herceptin resistance by inducing cancer stem cells. In the present study, we explored the effect of HER2 on cancer stem cells induction and drug sensitivity of ovarian cancer cell lines. First, we found that HER2 overexpression (HER2 OE) induced, while HER2 knockdown (HER2 KD) decreased CD44+/CD24− population. Consistently, HER2 expression was closely correlated with the sphere formation efficiency (SFE) of ovarian cancer cells. Second, we found that NFκB inhibition by specific inhibitor JSH23 or siRNA targetting subunit p65 dramatically impaired the induction of ovarian cancer stem cells by HER2, indicating that NFκB mediated HER2-induced ovarian cancer stem cells. Third, we found that HER2 KD significantly attenuated the tumorigenicity of ovarian cancer cells. Further, we found that HER2 inhibition increased drastically the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to doxorubicin (DOX) or paclitaxel (PTX). Finally, we examined the correlation between HER2 status and stem cell-related genes expression in human ovarian tumor tissues, and found that expressions of OCT4, COX2, and Nanog were higher in HER2 positive tumors than in HER2 negative tumors. Consistently, the 5-year tumor-free survival rate of HER2 positive patients was dramatically lower than HER2 negative patients. Taken together, our data indicate that HER2 decreases drug sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells via inducing stem cell-like property.
Coordinative real‐time sub‐transmission volt–var control for reactive power regulation between transmission and distribution systems
Authors: Ke Xinda , Samaan Nader , Holzer Jesse , Huang Renke , Vyakaranam Bharat , Vallem Mallikarjuna , Elizondo Marcelo , Lu Ning , Zhu Xiangqi , Werts Brant , Nguyen Quan , Huang Alex , Makarov Yuri V. 
Published: October 2018

This study introduces a new approach for coordinating volt–var control (VVC) between sub‐transmission and distribution systems through optimal reactive power dispatch of distributed energy resources (DERs) that are aggregated as virtual power plants (VPPs). At the sub‐transmission level, shunt devices and the reactive power provided by the VPPs are coordinated and optimised using a VVC algorithm with weighted sum of multiple objects that include minimising voltage deviations from desirable levels at load buses, minimising loses, minimising solar curtailment, minimising demand response usage and minimising mechanical switching of shunt elements. The algorithm runs every 5 min and is solved using the AC optimal power flow technique. At the distribution level, each VPP runs a distribution VVC algorithm to dispatch reactive power from DERs. The goal of the VPP reactive power control is to meet sub‐transmission service requirements while satisfying all the constraints at the distribution side. Each VPP updates its reactive power capability every 5 min to allow the sub‐transmission controller to formulate the optimisation problem for the next dispatch interval. The proposed tool is simulated on a Duke Energy Carolina system to demonstrate the capability of providing voltage support by dispatching reactive power of DERs as a VPP.
Bewegungsberatung für Ältere in der hausärztlichen Versorgung: zwei Praxishilfen
Authors: Peters Stefan , Schwab Michael , Faller Hermann , Meng Karin 
Published: October 2018

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Beratung durch Ärzte in Bezug auf Lebensstil im Allgemeinen und das Bewegungsverhalten im Speziellen steht seit dem Inkrafttreten des Präventionsgesetzes in Deutschland wieder vermehrt im Fokus. Auch für die Bewegungstherapie spielt die Anknüpfung an ärztliche Beratung eine wichtige Rolle. Die Erwartungen an ärztliche Beratung sind dabei durchaus hoch, wohingegen es eine Vielzahl an Barrieren zu geben scheint. In einem Projekt (PATEN im Rahmen vom Forschungsverbund Capital4Health) zur Bewegungsförderung im Seniorenwohnstift wurde ein Informations- bzw. Schulungsangebot erprobt. Dabei wurden Praxishilfen entwickelt, die es Ärzten erleichtern sollen, das Thema Bewegung im zeitlich begrenzten Rahmen strukturiert anzusprechen.
Konzeption Die beiden Praxishilfen (Tischvorlagen) beinhalten ein potenzielles Ablaufschema für eine Kurzberatung nach den so genannten 5 A‘s sowie eine grafische Darstellung von gängigen Bewegungsempfehlungen für Ältere. Letztere beziehen sich vornehmlich auf die deutschen Nationalen Empfehlungen für Bewegung und Bewegungsförderung. Die 5A-Methode (Ask / Assess, Agree, Advise, Assist, Arrange) ist evidenzbasiert, eignet sich für die primäre Gesundheitsversorgung und wird von gängigen Leitlinien empfohlen.
Diskussion Interventionen zur Bewegungsförderung in der Arztpraxis können von unterschiedlichster Dauer und inhaltlicher Ausrichtung sein. Die vorliegenden Praxishilfen können zur flexiblen Umsetzung genutzt werden. Sie sind dabei auch von Bewegungsfachleuten und evtl. anderen Berufsgruppen einsetzbar.
Kräftigung wider das Altern
Authors: Köppel Maximilian , Hamacher Dennis 
Published: October 2018

ZusammenfassungMit der steigenden Lebenserwartung und dem demografischen Wandel ist auch ein Panoramawandel in der Gesundheitslandschaft zu verzeichnen. Diese äußert sich in einem Anstieg der Prävalenz von altersassoziierten Erkrankungen, aber auch von Multi-morbidität. Körperliche Aktivität im Allgemeinen, aber auch körperliches Training im Speziellen stellt hierbei ein immens wichtiger protektiver Faktor dar, welcher auch die Selbstständigkeit und körperliche wie geistige Funktion im höheren Alter sichert. In der vorliegenden Übersichtsarbeit wird ein Einblick in die verschiedenen Wirkbereiche von körperlicher Aktivität mit Blick auf die älter werdende Gesellschaft gegeben.
Knee and Hip TEP Surgery: The Surgeonsʼ Obligation to Give Information
Authors: Thielmann Tobias , Tuzhikov Artem 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe German Civil Code (BGB) establishes in § 630e BGB formal and content-related requirements to provide the patient with a solid fundament of information. This is necessary for a valid informed consent. Without it, the physician is liable for the violation of the patientsʼ physical integrity and his right to self-determination. According to German jurisprudence, this shall even apply when the treatment was conducted duly and without any complications. Therefore, it is astonishing that the correct way of giving information is neither taught in medical school nor in the residency. In practice, supervisors expect that young assistant doctors will be familiar with the correct procedure. As a result, many mistakes are made, even though these are easy to avoid. In this article, we point out all relevant information and the correct way of presenting this, using the example of hip/knee TEP operations.