bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modular shadowgraph imaging for zooplankton ecological studies in diverse field and mesocosm settings
Authors: Greer Adam T. , Duffy Patrick I. , Walles Tim J. W. , Cousin Charles , Treible Laura M. , Aaron Kyle D. , Nejstgaard Jens C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractVarious iterations of shadowgraph imaging have been used to quantify zooplankton in situ with high spatial resolution. Because these systems can image relatively large volumes of water, they are especially useful for resolving less common meso‐ or macrozooplankton taxa (< 50 ind. m−3), such as larval fishes and gelatinous animals. However, larger volume imagers are typically integrated with heavy towed vehicles and deployed from research vessels, which introduces high costs and limits sampling approaches. Here we demonstrate that versatile configurations of shadowgraph imaging, including modular benchtop, handheld, and towed, compact vehicle systems (along with customizable software), allow for tailoring sampling to a variety of marine and freshwater settings (including mesocosms). These systems encompass a suite of possible architectures, designed for adapting the imaging depth of field, acquisition rates, sensor configuration, and deployment method to fit a wide range of sampling protocols, with high vertical resolution (~ 5 cm) and adequate taxonomic capabilities for > 0.5 mm organisms. The benchtop system facilitates an interactive approach to observe and quantify zooplankton behaviors and optical properties. Video footage from the benchtop system generates thousands of regions of interest min−1 for target organisms with variable orientations and swimming postures. When used in conjunction with in situ imaging, the benchtop system can build large machine learning training libraries targeted toward rare or morphologically diverse zooplankton, which often includes the larval stages of economically valuable taxa. These modular hardware and software components increase affordability and versatility while broadening the scope of scientific questions addressed by plankton imaging systems.
“I” Value the Future, but “We” Value the Past: The Impact of Self‐Construal on Nostalgia Versus Forestalgia Narrative Ads
Authors: Wu Mei , Shou Zhigang , Su Sarena Jiang , Liu Xiaotian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMarketers often use narrative ads as a powerful tool to shape consumer attitudes. These ads deliver key messages through storytelling, but what makes a story effective in the eyes of the consumer remains largely unexplored. Using a Facebook field study and a series of four experimental studies, we examined the interaction between the narrative's temporal type (nostalgia vs. forestalgia) and the characters' self‐construal (interdependent vs. independent) on consumer attitudes. Drawing on regulatory focus theory and regulatory fit theory, we found that consumers prefer forestalgia (vs. nostalgia) narrative ads when paired with an independent (vs. interdependent) character. In addition, this effect was mediated by narrative transportation, which enhanced consumers' attitudes toward the ad. These findings advance our understanding of effective narrative advertising and offer practical insights for marketers by highlighting the importance of aligning the narrative temporal type with the character's self‐construal to create more impactful ads.
Focused Ultrasound Pallidothalamic Tractotomy in Cervical Dystonia: A Pilot Study
Authors: Horisawa Shiro , Saito Ryo , Qian Bohui , Hori Hiroki , Kim Kilsoo , Murakami Masato , Kakegawa Toru , Abe Keiichi , Fukui Atsushi , Kohara Kotaro , Iijima Mutsumi , Kawamata Takakazu , Taira Takaomi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundNo clinical trials have been reported on the use of focused ultrasound (FUS) for treating cervical dystonia.ObjectiveWe aimed to confirm the efficacy and safety of FUS pallidothalamic tractotomy for cervical dystonia.MethodsThis was a prospective, open‐label, non‐controlled pilot study. The primary outcome was defined as a change in the score for the Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) from baseline to 6 months after FUS pallidothalamic tractotomy. The secondary outcomes included a change in the neck scale for the Burke‐Fahn‐Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS), mood scales including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Apathy Evaluating Scale (AES), and adverse events. Patients were assessed for TWSTRS, BFMDRS, and adverse events at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after treatment. BDI, BAI, and AES were assessed at baseline and 6 months after treatment.ResultsTen patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age of onset of dystonia was 51.6 ± 10.2 years. The TWSTRS at 6 months (29.9 ± 16.0, range: 3–55) was significantly improved by 43.4% (P < 0.001) from baseline. The BFMDRS‐Neck scales at 6 months (4.2 ± 2.8) were significantly improved by 38.2% (P < 0.001) from baseline. The BDI, BAI, and AES at 6 months were improved by 23.2%, 10.9%, and 30.3%, respectively from baseline. Reduced hand dexterity in three patients and weight gain in two patients were confirmed at the last evaluation.ConclusionThis study suggests that FUS pallidothalamic tractotomy may be an effective treatment option for patients with cervical dystonia. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Risk of Incident Parkinson's Disease: A 13‐Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Vazirian Fatemeh , Tian Jing , Jane Alty  , Aitken Dawn , Callisaya Michele L. , Cicuttini Flavia , Jones Graeme , Pan Feng 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic musculoskeletal pain often co‐occurs with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, whether individuals with chronic pain have a higher risk of developing PD is unclear.ObjectivesTo investigate the associations between chronic pain and incident risk of three neurodegenerative parkinsonism categories including PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).MethodsThis study included 355,890 participants (mean [standard deviation] age, 56.51 [8.07] years, 48.40% male) who did not have parkinsonism at baseline from a population‐based cohort. Musculoskeletal pain in the hip, neck/shoulder, back, knee, or “all over the body” was assessed. Chronic pain was defined if pain lasted ≥3 months. Participants were categorized into four groups: no chronic pain, having one or two, three or four sites, and pain “all over the body.” The diagnosis of PD, MSA, and PSP used self‐reports, hospital records, and death registries. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression was performed for the analyses.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 13.0 years, 2044 participants developed PD, 77 participants developed MSA, and 126 participants developed PSP. In multivariable analyses, there was a dose–response relationship between number of chronic pain sites and incident risk of PD (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.23). Participants with one or two pain sites and three or four pain sites had an 11% and 49% increased risk of developing PD, respectively. There were no associations between chronic pain and MSA or PSP.ConclusionsChronic musculoskeletal pain was independently associated with PD, suggesting that chronic pain could be used to identify individuals at risk of developing PD. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Citizen science promotes knowledge, skills and collective action to monitor and protect freshwater streams
Authors: von Gönner Julia , Masson Torsten , Köhler Sabrina , Fritsche Immo , Bonn Aletta 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Citizen science has great potential to foster ecological knowledge, skills and collective action for biodiversity conservation. To date, however, there are few experimental studies of behaviour change outcomes induced by citizen science.

We assessed the effects of citizen science in ecological stream monitoring on participants' individual and collective behaviour and action intentions to protect streams beyond the immediate scope of the citizen science project. For this we applied a three‐wave, quasi‐experimental survey design with a citizen science treatment group (N = 213 participants of the project FLOW in Germany) and two control groups (waiting control group: N = 92, panel control group: N = 250). In addition, we analysed citizen science effects on potential predictors of freshwater conservation behaviour, such as knowledge, skills, awareness of stream stressors and group identification.

Results of linear mixed‐model analysis showed that, compared to the control groups, citizen scientists significantly increased their objective stream‐related knowledge, their self‐reported stream monitoring skills and their awareness of stream stressors. These changes remained stable 6 weeks after the citizen science intervention.

Notably, citizen scientists also reported increased identification with their citizen science project group and higher levels of collective and personal behaviour to protect streams at posttest (e.g. contacting local politicians with ideas for stream protection or using biodegradable detergents). Analysis revealed that increases in group identification and collective stream protection behaviour were significantly correlated.

We could show that the citizen science intervention was particularly effective for participants with high intrinsic motivation and for those with low prior knowledge and experience in stream monitoring.

Synthesis and applications. Citizen science can serve as a useful tool to promote ecological understanding, awareness and collective action to conserve freshwater streams. By fostering volunteer skills and community building, citizen science projects can empower participants with different levels of experience to engage in freshwater monitoring and protection. Decision makers should actively support approaches for citizen participation in freshwater monitoring, recognising that collective engagement of diverse community members is needed to finally meet the European Water Framework Directive's goal of restoring the good ecological status of freshwater ecosystems.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The benefits of prophylactic defibrotide: Are the tides turning?
Authors: Rahim Mahvish Q. , Rahrig April L. , Dinora Devin , Harrison Jessica , Green Ryanne , Carter Allie , Skiles Jodi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundVeno‐occlusive disease (VOD) is a life‐threatening endotheliopathy that can occur after stem cell transplant (SCT). Numerous risk factors contribute to the development of VOD during SCT, and the role of prophylactic defibrotide (DF) in mitigating these risks remains unclear.ObjectiveWe compare not only the incidence of VOD development, but also the severity of VOD and survival outcomes between patients who did and did not develop VOD and did or did not receive prophylactic DF.Study designIn this single‐center retrospective study of 58 pediatric SCT patients from 2008 to 2022, we compare the demographics, risk profiles, and outcomes within three cohorts: Group 1: prophylactic DF and no VOD (n = 5), Group 2: prophylactic DF and development of VOD (n = 6), and Group 3: treatment DF for patients who developed VOD (n = 47).ResultsPatients with VOD who did not receive prophylactic DF had higher severity classification of disease at onset (very severe 80.9% vs. 66.7%, p = .592) and at maximum severity (very severe 89.4% vs. 83.3%, p = .532), as opposed to mild, moderate, or severe categorization compared to those who did not receive prophylactic DF. Patients who developed VOD and did not receive prophylactic DF had a lower 1‐year survival probability compared to those who received prophylactic DF and still developed VOD (51.1% vs. 75% alive at 1 year, excluding the two subjects without adequate follow‐up time, p = .266).ConclusionAlthough, not statistically significant in our small retrospective study, there is potential overall survival and decreased VOD severity benefits of prophylactic DF.
An organic‐soluble bismaleimide‐grafted aminated para‐polyamide for the molecular reinforcement of bismaleimide/diallyl bisphenol A resin and its carbon fiber composites
Authors: Liu Yue , Yu Boshi , Zhang Yiwei , Jin Yewei , Peng Mao 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPoly(p‐phenylene terephthamide) (PPTA) is an aromatic para‐polyamide with a rigid rod‐like main chain and superior intrinsic mechanical properties but is insoluble in all organic solvents. It has been demonstrated that introducing amino groups to the phenyl rings on the PPTA main chain yields organic‐soluble aminated para‐polyamide known as poly(p‐aminophenylene aminoterephthalamide) ((NH2)2‐PPTA). In this study, an organic‐soluble bismaleimide (BMI)‐grafted (NH2)2‐PPTA (BMI‐g‐(NH2)2‐PPTA) was synthesized by reacting the amino groups of (NH2)2‐PPTA with the double bonds of BMI via Michael addition reaction. BMI‐g‐(NH2)2‐PPTA was then employed as a new macromolecular reinforcing agent that significantly enhances the mechanical properties of BMI/2,2′‐diallyl bisphenol A (BD) resin. With the addition of merely 0.5 wt% of BMI‐g‐(NH2)2‐PPTA, the strength and toughness of both BD resin and BD/carbon fiber (CF) composite laminates are significantly improved without decreasing the heat resistance of the matrix. The uniform dispersion of BMI‐g‐(NH2)2‐PPTA in BD resin and its strong interaction with the matrix result in a more significant enhancement in the mechanical properties compared to directly incorporating (NH2)2‐PPTA into the matrix, providing a new and efficient method for enhancing the mechanical properties of BD resin and its CF composites.Highlights
A novel BMI‐grafted aminated para‐polyamide, BMI‐g‐(NH2)2‐PPTA, is synthesized.
BMI‐g‐(NH2)2‐PPTA is organic‐soluble and can disperse uniformly in BD resin.
BMI‐g‐(NH2)2‐PPTA at 0.5 wt% enhances the strength of BD resin by 50.8%.
BMI‐g‐(NH2)2‐PPTA is more efficient than (NH2)2‐PPTA in strengthening BD resin.
Mechanical properties of BD/CF laminates are also enhanced by BMI‐g‐(NH2)2‐PPTA.
Characteristics of bio‐sandwich composites with montmorillonite nanoclay under quasi‐static punch loading
Authors: Sharma Ankush P. , Velmurugan R. , Shukla S. , Bhandari T. , Guha M. , Mukherjee S. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe bio‐sandwich composites are lightweight, economical, recyclable, and easily obtainable. Sandwich panels comprising glass fiber/epoxy face sheets and hemp fiber/epoxy core with varying fiber orientations, thickness, and montmorillonite nanoclay are prepared by stirring the epoxy/clay mixture to have uniform dispersion followed by compression molding. The sandwich and monolithic composites are loaded under quasi‐static punch shear. The sandwich panel with 3 wt.% nanoclay shows optimum quasi‐static tensile modulus and strength than the neat panel. Energy absorption, and specific energy absorption of sandwich panels G0/H(0)5/G0‐0%, G0/H(0)10/G0‐0%, G0/H(0)15/G0‐0% are 2%, 76%, 111%, and 28%, 132%, 183% higher than same weight glass/epoxy composites G(0)5‐0%, G(0)8‐0%, G(0)10‐0%. Energy absorption and specific energy absorption of panels G0/H(0)3/G0‐3%, G0/H(0)7/G0‐3%, G0/H(0)9/G0‐3% are similar, 25%, 24%, and 18%, 55%, 57% higher than same thickness composites G(0)5‐0%, G(0)8‐0%, G(0)10‐0%. The energy absorption of sandwich panel G0/90/H(0)15/G90/0‐0% is 49% lower than same weight composite G0/90/(0)9/90/0‐0%. Similar behavior is observed for panels with ±45° face sheets, 0° core, and 0°/90° face sheets, ±45° core compared to composites. Therefore, sandwich panels with 0° face sheets and core outperform composites and can replace them in structural applications in automotive. Particularly, panels show greater improvement over same‐weight composites than same‐thickness ones. Energy absorption of sandwich panels having 0° and ±45° cores is comparable while it is higher than a panel with 0°/90° core, each of 0°/90° face sheets. This is observed for monolithic composites as well.Highlights
The quasi‐static indentation response of bio‐sandwich composites is examined.
Bio‐sandwich composites outperform synthetic composites, each of the same weight.
Bio‐sandwich panels with 3 wt. % nanoclay perform better than the same thickness synthetic composites.
The behavior of sandwich and monolithic composites varies with fiber orientations.
Bead‐to‐Bead Analysis: Introducing an Innovative Methodology for Accelerated Quantitative Analysis of the Welding Behavior of Bead Foams
Authors: Dippold Marcel , Himsel Alexander , Kuhnigk Justus , Chairopoulou Makrina , Drexler Maximilian , Ruckdäschel Holger 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTPerformant lightweight components made of bead foams are essential for a sustainable transformation of industry in multiple areas. An in‐depth understanding of the welding process is key in reaching maximum mechanical properties. This study presents the novel methodology of Bead‐to‐Bead analysis, providing a superior way in directly and quantitatively evaluating the welding behavior of bead foams compared with current approaches. Individual beads of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and expanded thermoplastic polyurethane (ETPU) are welded in a rheometer at defined parameters. A subsequent tensile test in combination with the analysis of the welded surface allows the evaluation of shrinkage/softening of the beads during welding and their tensile strength. For EPS, softening of the amorphous material is observed at the beginning of glass transition (~95°C) in addition to an increased welding quality. Residual stresses in ETPU lead to initial shrinkage followed by softening above 140°C. Welding of ETPU starts at 100°C and reaches a maximum at 140°C. The subsequent thermal analysis of the welded beads show the importance of recrystallization processes during cooling due to the formation of new crystalline domains across the bead interfaces. In the absence of such domains, sufficient bonding between beads is not possible.
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Existential Distress Scale for Palliative Care Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Ying , Chen Guojuan , Zheng Jianwei , Xiao Huimin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveExistential distress is a common phenomenon in palliative care cancer patients. Developing a reliable and easy‐to‐use assessment scale for existential distress of palliative care cancer patients is crucial. The aim of this study was to develop a measurement of existential distress for palliative care cancer patients and test its properties.MethodsThe guidelines for developing a scale proposed by DeVellis were followed. Palliative care cancer patients were invited to test the draft scale. Two‐hundred and nineteen valid questionnaires were included for the item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. Three‐hundred and two valid questionnaires were included for confirmatory factor, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency reliability analyses. Twenty repeated data were measured for test–retest reliability analysis.ResultsThe Existential Distress Scale for Palliative Care Cancer Patients was developed with nine items and three dimensions, including meaninglessness, alienation, and death anxiety. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the developed scale had a stable factor structure. The Cronbach's α for the whole scale was 0.81, and that for each dimension was 0.76, 0.67, and 0.70, respectively. The test–retest reliability of the scale was 0.79, and that of each dimension was 0.58–0.64.ConclusionsThe Existential Distress Scale for Palliative Care Cancer Patients is a simple but reliable and valid tool.
Evaluating Electronic Properties of Self‐Assembled Indium Phosphide Nanomaterials as High‐Efficient Solar Cell
Authors: Zhao Run‐Ning , Jin Hua , Lin Fan , Han Ju‐Guang 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTGeometries and electronic properties associated with relative stabilities and energy gaps of porous (InP)12n (n = 1–12) nanoclusters (NCs) (nanowires and nanosheets) are systemically studied by density functional method. The relative stabilities of (InP)12n NCs through the calculated fragmentation energies and cluster‐binding energies are determined and discussed. Interestingly, the calculated energy gaps of (InP)12n nanowires and nanosheets are localized at regions of visible light energy ranges. (InP)12n are relatively wide‐band semiconductor solar energy nanomaterial. The calculated density of states reveals large‐sized porous (InP)12n nanosheets and nanowires with narrow pore size distribution and slight thickness and a large surface area manifest ultrahigh specific capacitance of trapping solar light energies and high light‐to‐electricity conversion efficiencies in solar energy absorption or conversion or photovoltaicsm. Particularly, (InP)12n NCs maintain their elemental properties of individual (InP)12 clusters in the energy gaps of (InP)12n (n > 4). NCs are almost independent of variable sizes. Specifically, the size‐dependent charge transfers of In atoms in (InP)12n NCs exhibit that ionic and covalent bonding exist in (InP)12n NCs and can stabilize (InP)12n NCs. Comparison with experiment results available is made.
Distribution of phosphorus forms in soil amended with poultry litter of different ages and application rates: Agronomic and environmental perspectives
Authors: Chakraborty Debolina , Prasad Rishi , Feng Hanxiao , Watts Dexter B. , Torbert H. Allen 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPoultry litter (PL) can be used as a viable alternative to phosphate fertilizers. However, there is a lack of information about phosphorus (P) distribution in inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) forms and its transformation in soils amended with PL of varying age (based on litter clean‐out frequency) and application rate. This study aimed to determine the effect of PL age and application rate on soil P forms and their bioavailability. Soils were amended with 5 and 10 Mg ha−1 PL using 6‐, 18‐, and 30‐month‐old litter and incubated for 6 months. Soil P fractionation was performed following the Hedley protocol. Soil P availability and soil P storage capacity (SPSC) were determined using Mehlich 3 (M3) extraction. Results indicated that P transformation from labile to stable P forms occurred over 150‐day incubation. Litter age had no significant effect on the distribution of soil P forms. However, the highly reactive Pi (HRPi) form was higher for treatments with 10 Mg ha−1 PL on Day 0, indicating a risk for P loss, which was also revealed by negative SPSC for those treatments. At Day 0, M3‐P was positively correlated to HRPi. However, from Day 30 to 150, M3‐P was strongly correlated to both HRPi and moderately reactive Pi (MRPi) forms, indicating MRPi contribution to soil P availability. The negative relationship between HRPi and SPSC further confirms that high HRPi on Day 0 may be an environmental concern.