bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cost function optimization for predictive control of a five‐phase IM drive
Authors: Arahal Manuel R. , Martín Cristina , Kowal Agnieszka , Castilla María , Barrero Federico 
Published: March 2019

SummaryModel predictive control has been used, for some time now, as a method to directly control power converters in electrical systems. The usual practice is tuning the cost function of the controller to obtain a certain compromise solution over the whole operating range of the system. This method is extended here to consider multiple, locally optimal, and tunings. The design objectives (tracking error, switching frequency, etc) are used to define a unique performance index that is locally optimized. In this way, the parameters of the cost function are linked to the current operating point. The tuning at each operating point is obtained numerically solving the optimization of the performance index. Although the idea can be applied to induction machines with any number of phases, in this paper, a five‐phase induction motor is considered for presentation. This system is a demanding case due to the extra number of phases compared with the traditional three‐phase motor. Simulation and experimental results are presented to assess the proposed predictive controller.
Gender‐specific differences in parental health‐related quality of life in childhood cancer
Authors: Rensen Niki , Steur Lindsay M. , Schepers Sasja A. , Merks Johannes H. , Moll Annette C. , Kaspers Gertjan J. , Grootenhuis Martha A. , van Litsenburg Raphaële R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with cancer are at risk for impaired health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Most prior research has focused on the HRQoL of mothers. The aim of this study is to describe HRQoL in mothers and fathers, and determine the influence of sociodemographic, medical, and psychosocial factors.ProcedureIn a cross‐sectional study, both parents completed questionnaires on sociodemographics, distress, and HRQoL. Parental HRQoL was compared to healthy population values. Differences between mothers and fathers were evaluated with multilevel analysis. Gender‐specific HRQoL determinants were assessed via multiple linear regression analysis.ResultsParents (202 mothers, 150 fathers; comprising 121 couples) of 231 children with different cancer diagnoses (mean time since diagnosis 3.3 ± 1.4 years, 90% posttreatment) participated. Compared to healthy women and men, mothers and fathers reported significantly impaired HRQoL on the following domains: cognitive functioning, sleep, daily activities, and vitality (Cohen's d = 0.3‐0.9). Additionally, maternal HRQoL was reduced on the domains gross motor functioning, pain, social functioning, sexuality, and depressive emotions. Mothers scored worse than fathers on six of 12 domains. Risk factors for adverse outcomes in both parents were higher distress, emotional and parenting problems, little social support, medication use, and active treatment of the child. Other determinants in mothers were non‐Dutch background and unemployment, while lower HRQoL in fathers was predicted by their child's diagnosis type, shorter time since diagnosis, and treatment intensity.ConclusionThese outcomes illustrate the need for family‐centered care. Future interventions aimed at improving parental functioning should take into account gender‐specific differences in HRQoL to reach optimal efficacy.
Premature Ductal Constriction and Reversible Early Isolated Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in a Neonate at Birth
Authors: Tyagi Vernika , Chopra Abhishek , Jain Ashish 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCardiomyopathies are a group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation. Neonatal CMs account for about 1% of childhood cardiac disease, with an estimated incidence of 10:100,000 live births, and are responsible for 10% of all paediatric cardiac deaths [1]. Among this, transient right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) is a rare anomaly that is seen during the neonatal period. The various causes associated with right ventricular hypertrophy are maternal diabetes, metabolic causes, NSAID use and premature constriction of ductus. Present case is interesting as no cause could be found in this case of transient RVH.
INDEX INSURANCE DESIGN
Authors: Zhang Jinggong , Tan Ken Seng , Weng Chengguo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this article, we study the problem of optimal index insurance design under an expected utility maximization framework. For general utility functions, we formally prove the existence and uniqueness of optimal contract and develop an effective numerical procedure to derive the optimal solution. For exponential utility and quadratic utility functions, we obtain analytical expression of the optimal indemnity function. Our results show that the indemnity can be a highly nonlinear and even non-monotonic function of the index variable in order to align with the actual loss variable so as to achieve the best reduction in basis risk. Due to the generality of model setup, our proposed method is readily applicable to a variety of insurance applications including index-linked mortality securities, weather index agriculture insurance, and index-based catastrophe insurance. Our method is illustrated by numerical examples where weather index insurance is designed for protection against the adverse rice yield using temperature and precipitation as the underlying indices. Numerical results show that our optimal index insurance significantly outperforms linear-type index insurance contracts in terms of basis risk reduction.
Expulsions collectives: définition et portée de leur interdiction dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
Authors: ARLETTAZ FERNANDO 
Published: March 2019

RésuméL’article considère l’interdiction des expulsions collectives dans la jurisprudence de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. La Cour adopte un point de vue réaliste qui permet d’inclure dans cette interdiction les expulsions au sens strict et les actes de non-admission, exigeant aux États d’agir toujours de bonne foi. Or, elle n’y inclut pas les expulsions implicites, et rabaisse significativement la protection conventionnelle par l’exclusion de l’exigence d’un entretien individuel. La possibilité de son application extraterritoriale et l’impossibilité d’écarter la responsabilité étatique sur la base d’accords avec des États tiers montrent cependant la portée large accordée à l’interdiction.
Legislative Activity and Private Benefits: A Natural Experiment in New Zealand
Authors: Morelli Massimo , Osnabrügge Moritz , Vannoni Matia 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examine the causal effect of legislative activity on private benefits, which have been largely neglected by previous research in legislative studies. By relying on a natural experiment in New Zealand, where randomly selected Members of Parliament (MPs) are given the opportunity to propose legislation, we find evidence for a causal relation between proposing a (successful) bill and the private benefits MPs receive, in terms of gifts and payments for services. We conclude that the allocation of private benefits depends on legislative performance.
Automated dictionary generation for political eventcoding
Authors: Radford Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractEvent data provide high-resolution and high-volume information about political events and have supported a variety of research efforts across fields within and beyond political science. While these datasets are machine coded from vast amounts of raw text input, the necessary dictionaries require substantial prior knowledge and human effort to produce and update, effectively limiting the application of automated event-coding solutions to those domains for which dictionaries already exist. I introduce a novel method for generating dictionaries appropriate for event coding given only a small sample dictionary. This technique leverages recent advances in natural language processing and machine learning to reduce the prior knowledge and researcher-hours required to go from defining a new domain-of-interest to producing structured event data that describe that domain. I evaluate the method with the production of a novel event dataset on cybersecurity incidents.
Online coders, open codebooks: New opportunities for content analysis of political communication
Authors: Winter Nicholas J. G. , Hughes Adam G. , Sanders Lynn M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAnalyzing audiovisual communication is challenging because its content is highly symbolic and less rule-governed than verbal material. But audiovisual messages are important to understand: they amplify, enrich, and complicate the meaning of textual information. We describe a fully-reproducible approach to analyzing video content using minimally—but systematically—trained online workers. By aggregating the work of multiple coders, we achieve reliability, validity, and costs that equal those of traditional, intensively trained research assistants, with much greater speed, transparency, and replicability. We argue that measurement strategies relying on the “wisdom of the crowd” provide unique advantages for researchers analyzing complex and intricate audiovisual political content.
‘The peri-urban space at work’: micro and small enterprises, collective participation, and the developmental state in Ethiopia
Authors: Chinigò Davide 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBy discussing details of the current policy emphasis on entrepreneurship and microfinance, this article explores the dynamic and inconclusive negotiation of state authority in Kolfe Keraniyo, peri-urban Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In the last few years, Ethiopia embarked on a strategy of rapid transformation driven by what its political elite defined as a ‘developmental state’, which entailed the significant rescaling of the peri-urban space. The promotion of micro and small enterprises is an important aspect of the territorialization of state power in the peri-urban space, and is actively negotiated, challenged and refashioned. The first part of the article presents three central aspects of such projects: the policy of regularization and legalization; the notion of ‘group first’ or collective participation in the country's development; and the emphasis on ‘saving first’ to create micro-dynamics of capital accumulation. The second part of the article discusses how the beneficiaries of entrepreneurship initiatives mediate the normative framework provided by the developmental state, and highlights how that framework is neither inclusive nor particularly distinct in its effects from neoliberal development strategies. The article concludes that the making and unmaking of state authority is not unidirectional from above but operates through the redefinition of spatial and temporal boundaries from below.
Enhanced biDimensional pIc: an electrostatic/magnetostatic particle-in-cell code for plasma based systems
Authors: Gallina G. , Magarotto M. , Manente M. , Pavarin Daniele 
Published: March 2019

EDI (enhanced biDimensional pIc) is a two-dimensional (2-D) electrostatic/magnetostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) code designed to optimize plasma based systems. The code is built on an unstructured mesh of triangles, allowing for arbitrary geometries. The PIC core is comprised of a Boris leapfrog scheme that can manage multiple species. Particle tracking locates particles in the mesh, using a fast and simple priority-sorting algorithm. A magnetic field with an arbitrary topology can be imposed to study the magnetized particle dynamics. The electrostatic fields are then computed by solving Poisson’s equation with a a finite element method solver. The latter is an external solver that has been properly modified in order to be integrated into EDI. The major advantage of using an external solver directly incorporated into the EDI structure is its strong flexibility, in fact it is possible to couple together different physical problems (electrostatic, magnetostatic, etc.). EDI is written in C, which allows the rapid development of new modules. A big effort in the development of the code has been made in optimization of the linking efficiency, in order to minimize computational time. Finally, EDI is a multiplatform (Linux, Mac OS X) software.
Trophic partitioning between abundant demersal sharks coexisting in the North Aegean Sea
Authors: Yemisken Emre , Navarro Joan , Forero Manuela , Megalofonou Persefoni , Eryilmaz Lutfiye 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examined the feeding ecology (diet, trophic width and trophic position) of five demersal shark species (Mustelus mustelusLinnaeus, 1758,Galeus melastomusRafinesque, 1810,Scyliorhinus caniculaLinnaeus, 1758,Scyliorhinus stellarisLinnaeus, 1758,Squalus blainville, Risso, 1826) coexisting in the north-eastern Aegean Sea (around Gökçeda Island) by combining stomach content and stable isotope analyses. The results indicate clear differences in diet between the five sharks. Cephalopods were mainly found in diet ofS. stellarisandM. mustelusand the stomachs ofG. melastomus,S. caniculaandS. blainvilleincluded fish.S. blainvilleshowed the highest trophic position in respect of stable isotope analysis (TPsia= 4.89) around Gökçeada Island. It was followed byG. melastomus(TPsia= 4.57). Direct isotopic values (both stable nitrogen and carbon) and isotopic niche width based on the Standard Ellipse Area (SEA) clearly differed among the five shark species. In particular,S. blainvillewas isotopically segregated from the other shark species studied, showing a narrow isotopic trophic niche and higher trophic level. In contrast,M. mustelushad the widest trophic niche of the five species studied. The niche width ofS. stellariswas narrower thanM. mustelusandS. caniculabut wider thanS. blainvilleandG. melastomus. SEA showed thatG. melastomushas a specialized feeding strategy in the area. There is no overlap betweenS. caniculaandS. stellarisin trophic width.
Ecology and conservation of the endemic Bawean warty pig Sus verrucosus blouchi and Bawean deer Axis kuhlii
Authors: Rode-Margono Eva Johanna , Khwaja Hannah , Rademaker Mark , Semiadi Gono 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe island of Bawean, Indonesia, is home to the endemic Bawean warty pig Sus verrucosus blouchi and Bawean deer Axis kuhlii. Despite their threatened status, no long-term monitoring programme is in place for either species. Using random encounter and occupancy modelling based on 4,516 camera-trap days in 2014 and 2015 we aimed to provide population estimates and ecological data, including habitat preferences, for these species. For the Bawean warty pig we estimate an overall population size of 234–467 mature individuals and demonstrate a negative correlation between probability of occupancy and distance from villages. This preference for human-modified habitat has implications for human–wildlife conflict and hunting pressure for this species. The population of the Bawean deer could not be estimated because of the low number of encounters, but we suggest that this indicates the population is considerably smaller than previously reported. As island endemics, the Bawean warty pig and Bawean deer are particularly vulnerable to threats, and appropriate measures for safeguarding the species need to be taken.
Analysis of individual patient data to describe the incubation period distribution of Shiga-toxin producingEscherichia coli
Authors: Awofisayo-Okuyelu A. , Hall I. , Arnold E. , Byrne L. , McCarthy N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractShiga-toxin producingEscherichia coli(STEC) is a pathogen that can cause bloody diarrhoea and severe complications. Cases occur sporadically but outbreaks are also common. Understanding the incubation period distribution and factors influencing it will help in the investigation of exposures and consequent disease control. We extracted individual patient data for STEC cases associated with outbreaks with a known source of exposure in England and Wales. The incubation period was derived and cases were described according to patient and outbreak characteristics. We tested for heterogeneity in reported incubation period between outbreaks and described the pattern of heterogeneity. We employed a multi-level regression model to examine the relationship between patient characteristics such as age, gender and reported symptoms; and outbreak characteristics such as mode of transmission with the incubation period. A total of 205 cases from 41 outbreaks were included in the study, of which 64 cases (31%) were from a single outbreak. The median incubation period was 4 days. Cases reporting bloody diarrhoea reported shorter incubation periods compared with cases without bloody diarrhoea, and likewise, cases aged between 40 and 59 years reported shorter incubation period compared with other age groups. It is recommended that public health officials consider the characteristics of cases involved in an outbreak in order to inform the outbreak investigation and the period of exposure to be investigated.
Switch-reference in the Ye shes rgyas pa'i mdo
Authors: BEER ZACK 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis paper seeks to contribute to understanding of the dynamics of reference relation and subordination in Tibetan grammar. As a way of shedding light on this complex topic, it examines a translated sūtra, the Ye shes rgyas pa'i mdo, which contains numerous stories relating interactions and conversations between a variety of characters. A close reading of several representative passages of this text reveals some of the systematic structures of subordination. Despite not being outlined as a principle in traditional Tibetan grammars, subordination is seen here to be clearly reinforced by, and at times entirely encoded in, the use of the converb –nas to express coreference, and in the verbal noun and converb structures –pa dang and -pa las to connote cross-reference. The paper thus aims to show how attention to the functioning of subordinating structures serves the reader in the interpretation of complex passages where such structures at times provide the only key to the attribution of agency.
Measuring the effectiveness of bankruptcy institutions: filtering failures in Slovenian financial reorganizations
Authors: Cepec Jaka , Grajzl Peter 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe examine the effectiveness of bankruptcy institutions at promoting socially efficient allocation of resources. Under the Slovenian simplified reorganization procedure, firms with rejected reorganization proposals are not automatically liquidated. This unique institutional feature facilitates an estimation of the extent of different types of filtering failures. Based on an ex-post conceptualization of firm viability, Type I errors (the acceptance of plans by non-viable firms) are more likely than Type II errors (the rejection of plans by viable firms) and the overall incidence of filtering failure is 27%. Based on an ex-ante conceptualization of firm viability, any given reduction in Type II errors would give rise to three times as many Type I errors. We contextualize our findings in the light of prior results in the literature, alternative mechanisms for insolvency resolution, and related bankruptcy reorganization schemes internationally where courts are awarded a comparatively more prominent role.
Dependence of Properties of Magnetospheric Line Radiation and Quasiperiodic Emissions on Solar Wind Parameters and Geomagnetic Activity
Authors: Bezděková B. , Němec F. , Parrot M. , Hajoš M. , Záhlava J. , Santolík O. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractVery low frequency electromagnetic waves in the inner magnetosphere sometimes exhibit either frequency or time modulation. These phenomena are called, respectively, magnetospheric line radiation (MLR) and quasiperiodic (QP) emissions. Data from Detection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions spacecraft were used to analyze their properties, such as MLR frequency spacing, QP modulation period, and QP intensity as functions of geomagnetic activity and solar wind parameters. Altogether, 1,152 MLR events and 2,172 QP emissions were analyzed. It is shown that the influence of the analyzed parameters on QP emissions is different for QP events with modulation periods shorter/longer than 20 s. While the properties of QP events with long modulation periods are significantly related to the geomagnetic activity and solar wind parameters, no such dependences are observed for events with short modulation periods. This suggests that there might be two types of QP emissions generated by two different mechanisms. It is further shown that there seems to be no relation between the properties of QP and MLR events observed at the same times. Finally, the event properties do not seem to be related to the whistler occurrence rate.
Fat redistribution and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue predicts type 2 diabetes risk in middle-aged black South African women: a 13-year longitudinal study
Authors: Mtintsilana Asanda , Micklesfield Lisa K. , Chorell Elin , Olsson Tommy , Goedecke Julia H. 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Background
Cross-sectional studies in South Africa (SA) have shown that black SA women, despite being more insulin resistant, have less visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and more subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) than white women. This study aimed to investigate whether baseline and/or change in body fat and its distribution predict type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in middle-aged black SA women, 13 years later.

Methods
We studied 142 black SA women who are the caregivers of the Birth-to-Twenty plus cohort, and who had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline. At baseline and follow-up, fasting blood samples, basic anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition were measured. At follow-up, an oral glucose tolerance test was completed. The WHO diabetes diagnostic criteria were used to define NGT, impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and T2D.

Results
At follow-up, 64% of participants remained NGT, whereas 25% developed IGM, and 11% developed T2D. The IGM and the T2D groups were combined for statistical analyses. At baseline, trunk fat mass (FM), VAT but not SAT (measures of central FM) were higher in the IGM/T2D group than the NGT group (p < 0.0001). In contrast, the IGM/T2D group had lower leg %FM at baseline than the NGT group (p < 0.0001). Baseline trunk FM (Odds ratio per 1 kg increase (95% confidence interval, 1.95 (1.43–2.67))), and VAT (OR per 10 cm2 increase, 1.25 (1.10–1.42)), and the change in VAT (1.12 (1.03–1.23)) were associated with greater odds of developing IGM/T2D, whereas baseline leg FM (OR per 1 kg increase, 0.55 (0.41–0.73)) were associated with reduced IGM/T2D risk at follow-up (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Relative fat redistribution, with VAT accumulation, predicted the development of IGM/T2D 13 years before its onset. Prevention of central obesity is a key factor to reduce the risk of developing T2D among middle-aged urban black SA women.