bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land‐use change from cropland to orchard leads to high nitrate accumulation in the soils of a small catchment
Authors: Gao Jingbo , Lu Yongli , Chen Zhujun , Wang Lei , Zhou Jianbin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractLand‐use change from cereals to fruit orchards usually results in a high nutrient surplus in soil. The excessive accumulation of nitrogen (N) in soil, mainly as nitrate, leached from the root zone may serve as a long‐term source of surface or groundwater pollution. The N balances and nitrate accumulation in the soil profiles of cereal fields and kiwifruit orchards in the Yujiahe catchment, Shaanxi, China, were compared. Excessive N fertilisation resulted in an excessive N surplus (1,133 kg N ha−1 yr−1) in orchards (8‐times higher than that in cereal fields). More than 77.5% of nitrate in the soil profile (0–400 cm) of the orchards was below a soil depth of 100 cm. The average accumulated nitrate within a profile 0–400 cm of orchards was 3,288 kg N ha−1, which was 16‐fold higher than that of cereal fields. The accumulated nitrate in soil profiles on the downslope (5,959 kg N ha−1) was approximately 2 times higher than that of the upslope in the same sloping orchards. The accumulated nitrate in soil profiles at the lowland zone of the catchment was higher than that of the upland zone. Excessive nitrate moves not only vertically downwards to deeper soil depth but also laterally into lower elevations at both field and catchment scales. The total stored nitrate in the upper soil profile of 400 cm in the catchment was 464.8 Mg N, whereas 94.8% (440.8 Mg N) was in orchards. Thus, changing land use from cereal crops to orchards leads to a high nitrate accumulation in the catchment.
Experience with key indicator cases among otolaryngology residents
Authors: O'Brien Daniel C. , Kellermeyer Brian , Chung Jeffson , Carr Michele M. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo describe the resident experience with respect to key indicator cases for each year of training.Study DesignMulti‐institution, cross‐sectional assessment.MethodsUsing an electronic survey, current otolaryngology residents were solicited to complete a survey regarding their experiences with the key indicator cases to that point. The survey was sent to this cohort in the winter of 2017–2018.ResultsThree hundred and three residents responded, with 293 completing the survey. Twenty‐three percent were PGY1, 19% PGY2, 21% PGY3, 18% PGY4, and 19% PGY5 or higher. The majority of residents progress from resident assistant as a PGY2, to resident surgeon as a PGY3 and self‐assessed competent surgeon as a PGY4 for the majority of the key indicator cases. Less than 50% of the surveyed PGY5 residents had reached independent practice in all the key indicator cases, with stapedectomy (16%), rhinoplasty (18%), and paramedian forehead flap (14.5%) being the cases least frequently performed independently. Ninety‐five percent of the respondent residents felt their program provided adequate training, but 20% of the respondents were either unsure or believed that they would be unable to perform all the key indicator cases by the completion of their training.ConclusionsThe majority of otolaryngology residents feel confident in their training, but experience with certain cases lags behind and may not currently be taught as resident level cases. These findings raise the question of whether the current key indicator cases are the best option for assessing breadth and depth of residency training.Level of EvidenceNA
Subtle biogeochemical regimes in the Indian Ocean revealed by spatial and diel frequency of Prochlorococcus haplotypes
Authors: Larkin Alyse A. , Garcia Catherine A. , Ingoglia Kimberly A. , Garcia Nathan S. , Baer Steven E. , Twining Benjamin S. , Lomas Michael W. , Martiny Adam C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWhile the majority of studies use the environment to describe microbial populations, the high diversity of microbes can conversely be used as a resource to understand subtle environmental variability. Here, we used a high‐resolution spatial and temporal analysis of Prochlorococcus sp. in the Eastern Indian Ocean to determine whether ecotypes and microdiverse taxa can be used to identify fine‐scale biogeochemical regimes in this under‐studied region. A total of 246 DNA samples were collected every 4–6 h in April 2016 on GO‐SHIP cruise I09N, which transected gyre, equatorial, and monsoonal ecosystems between Western Australia and the Bay of Bengal. Using amplicon sequencing of the highly variable rpoC1 marker, we found that the region was largely dominated by the Prochlorococcus HL‐II clade. Conserved single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to identify four microdiverse haplotypes, or SNP‐delineated taxa, within the HL‐II clade of Prochlorococcus. The haplotypes showed regional patterns of relative gene count abundance that were significantly correlated with environmental conditions. Additionally, we used nonlinear least squares models to fit the sine wave function to our data and demonstrate that the haplotypes show distinct patterns in relative diel frequency, providing evidence that these microdiverse populations are ecologically and evolutionarily distinct. Overall, we show how the integration of a genomics data set into a biogeochemical framework can reveal a more nuanced understanding of a complex ocean basin.
Investigating the marketing impact of consumers’ connectedness to celebrity endorsers
Authors: Tran Gina A. , Yazdanparast Atefeh , Strutton David 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConsumers enjoy following famous media personalities, discovering details about their habits, food preferences, or designer brands that they wear. Consumers model their consumption behaviors based on their favorite celebrities’ preferences. Marketers are aware of such celebrity admiration and frequently use celebrities as part of marketing communication strategies. Grounded in parasocial relationship and social connectedness theories, this study tests a model of connectedness to the celebrity, attitude toward the celebrity, receptivity toward the celebrity‐endorsed message, and purchase intentions of the celebrity‐endorsed market offering. These relationships were investigated using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate an individual's level of connectedness to their favorite celebrity is positively linked with both their receptivity toward the celebrity‐endorsed message and purchase intentions of the celebrity‐endorsed market offering. On the theoretical side, the integration of parasocial relationship and social connectedness theories explain the processes through which celebrity endorsements impact consumers’ attitudes and behaviors. On the practical side, the findings suggest marketers should carefully choose the best celebrity endorsers for advertisements after considering how constituents from within their key target markets are likely to connect with the chosen celebrity. However, beyond consumers’ connectedness to the celebrity, the findings also suggest that receptivity toward the celebrity‐endorsed message is an essential link to purchase intentions of the endorsed offering.
Evaluating HIFU‐mediated local drug release using thermal strain imaging: Phantom and preliminary in‐vivo studies
Authors: Lee Fu‐Feng , He Qiong , Gao Jing , Pan Anni , Sun Suhui , Liang Xiaolong , Luo Jianwen 
Published: July 2019

PurposeHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)‐mediated drug release becomes a promising therapeutic technique for treatment of cancer, which has merits of deep penetration, noninvasive approach and nonionizing radiation. However, conventional thermocouple‐based approach for treatment monitoring would encounter big challenges such as the viscous heating artifact and difficulty in monitoring in the deep region. In this study, we develop an effective method based on thermal strain imaging (TSI) for the evaluation of HIFU‐mediated drug release.MethodsBoth phantom experiments and preliminary animal experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Doxorubicin (DOX)‐loaded cerasomes (HIFU and temperature‐sensitive cerasomes, HTSCs) were prepared. In the phantom experiments, the HTSC solution is contained inside a cylindrical chamber within a tissue‐mimicking phantom. In the animal experiments, the HTSCs are intravenously injected into tumor‐bearing mice. An HIFU transducer is used to trigger DOX release from the HTSCs within the phantom or mice, and TSI is performed during HIFU heating. In the phantom experiments, the accuracy of temperature estimation using TSI is validated by measuring with a thermocouple. In animal experiments, the spatial consistency between the distribution of DOX released within the tumor and the location of the heating region estimated by TSI is validated using a spectrofluorophotometer.ResultsIn the phantom experiments, the HTSCs show a burst release of DOX when the temperature of the HTSC solution estimated by TSI reaches about 42°C, which is in agreement with the condition for drug release from the HTSCs. The temperature estimation using TSI has high accuracy with error below 2.5%. In animal experiments, fluorescence imaging of the tumor validates that the heating region of HIFU could be localized by the low‐strain region of TSI.ConclusionThe present framework demonstrates a reliable and effective solution to the evaluation of HIFU‐mediated local drug delivery.
Understanding Fish Assemblage Structure in Lentic Ecosystems: Relative Effects of Abiotic Factors and Management Legacies
Authors: Fischer Jesse R. , Quist Michael C. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
We investigated associations of fish assemblages and habitat characteristics (e.g., morphology and water chemistry) from 45 natural lakes and reservoirs in Iowa to determine whether species or trophic guild composition and environmental correlations were concordant between waterbodies of different origins. Overall, fish assemblage composition between natural lakes and reservoirs was consistently dissimilar based on a permutational multivariate ANOVA. Species composition from nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordinations for reservoirs was correlated with a variety of limnological and physical characteristics, whereas species composition and trophic composition of natural lakes were weakly associated with habitat characteristics. Species richness was positively related to waterbody and watershed size for reservoirs but not for natural lakes. Conversely, species richness was negatively correlated with increasing eutrophic conditions in natural lakes but not in reservoirs. Overall, distinct differences in assemblage composition were observed between natural and artificial lentic ecosystems and may have resulted from underlying differences in limnological, physical, and anthropogenic influences between systems. Dissimilar management legacies between waterbody types, such as limited or no stocking of nonrecreationally important species and the use of piscicides, may have additionally had overriding effects on the observed assemblage–environmental relationships. For instance, lower trophic richness and species richness in reservoirs appeared to have resulted from replacement of a diversity of small-bodied native species by relatively few commonly stocked sport fishes. Our results emphasize the need to consider waterbody origin and the potential influence of historical or current management strategies on fish assemblage characterization and subsequent inferences made from environmental correlations.
Elevated Insulin and Insulin Resistance are Associated with Altered Myelin in Cognitively Unimpaired Middle‐Aged Adults
Authors: O’Grady J. Patrick , Dean Douglas C. , Yang Kao Lee , Canda Cristybelle‐Marie , Hoscheidt Siobhan M. , Starks Erika J. , Merluzzi Andrew , Hurley Samuel , Davenport Nancy J. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Anderson Rozalyn M. , Asthana Sanjay , Johnson Sterling C. , Alexander Andrew L. , Bendlin Barbara B. 
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveInsulin regulates metabolism and influences neural health. Insulin resistance (IR) and type II diabetes have been identified as risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD). Evidence has also suggested that myelinated white matter alterations may be involved in the pathophysiology of AD; however, it is unknown whether insulin or IR affect the underlying myelin microstructure. The relationships between insulin, IR, and myelin were examined, with the hypothesis that IR would be associated with reduced myelin.MethodsCognitively unimpaired adults enriched for risk factors for AD underwent multicomponent driven equilibrium single pulse observation of T1 and T2 imaging, a myelin‐sensitive neuroimaging technique. Linear regressions were used to test the relationship between homeostatic model assessment of IR, insulin, and myelin water fraction (MWF) as well as interactions with APOE ε4.ResultsBoth IR and insulin level were associated with altered myelin content, wherein a significant negative association with MWF was observed in white matter regions and a positive association with MWF was observed in gray matter.ConclusionsThe results suggest that insulin and IR influence white matter myelination in a cognitively unimpaired population. Additional studies are needed to determine the extent to which this may contribute to cognitive decline or vulnerability to neurodegenerative disease.
Thermoplastic foaming mechanism and Pb2+ adsorption of poly(vinyl alcohol)/shell powder porous composite
Authors: Pu Lian , Xie Yeping , Qiu Wenting , Li Li 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCombining the respective advantages of PVA and shell in wastewater treatment, poly(vinyl alcohol)/shell powder (PVA/SP) porous composite suitable for the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater was prepared via thermoplastic foaming technology using water as both plasticizer and physical blowing agent. The effects of SP content on the thermoplastic foaming mechanism including interactions among components, water states and water evaporation behaviors, as well as cell structure and Pb2+ adsorption property of the porous composite were studied. The results showed that SP could form different hydrogen bonding or coordination interactions with water and PVA, making free water in system reduced and nonfreezing water increased, thus realizing the controllable foaming of water and avoiding the formation of the big cells caused by intensive evaporation of water. SP particles could also act as heterogeneous nucleating agents to effectively increase the number of heterogeneous nucleating points in the system, resulting in the formation of denser and more uniform cells. With the increase of SP content, the adsorption capacity of porous composite on Pb2+ increased, and reached the maximum at 10 wt%, that is, 31.1 mg/g, higher than that of pure SP powders, that is, 23.4 mg/g, ascribing to the good dispersion of SP in PVA matrix as well as the high hydrophilicity of PVA porous material.
Balance between bonding and deposition during fused deposition modeling of polycarbonate and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene composites
Authors: Zhou Ying‐Guo , Zou Jia‐Rui , Wu Hai‐Hong , Xu Bai‐Ping 
Published: July 2019

AbstractTo investigate the mechanical properties of fused deposition modeling (FDM) parts, a compatibilizer and nanoparticles were used as additions in Polycarbonate and Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene (PC/ABS) blends, and four PC/ABS composites were used to fabricate the FDM samples in this study. Two simplified deposition modes of the FDM process were proposed and used to investigate the bonding effect and deposition effect. The bonding effects of the four materials were first investigated using model I of the FDM process. Then, a linear relationship between the bonding strength and the porosity was found, and the optimal processing conditions that produced the best bonding strength were determined. These optimal processing conditions were then used in mode II of the FDM process to fabricate four samples. The mechanical properties and structural characterizations of these samples were studied using tensile tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). One interesting phenomenon observed from the tensile tests was that the necking of the PC/ABS FDM sample can spread throughout the total gauge length and measure more than 100% of the strain when the compatibilizer and the nanoparticles were added, which can be attributed to a balance between bonding properties and ductility. The results verify the applicability of PC/ABC composites to FDM technology and suggest that compatibilizers and nanoparticles are suitable candidates to improve the bonding strength and the deposition effect of PC/ABS FDM parts. In conclusion, the balance between bonding properties and ductility is key to improving the tensile behaviors of PC/ABS FDM parts by adjusting the compatibility and porosity of blended PC/ABS samples.
Decannulation in children affected by congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: A proposal of an algorithm from two European centers
Authors: Paglietti Maria Giovanna , Porcaro Federica , Sovtic Aleksandar , Cherchi Claudio , Verrillo Elisabetta , Pavone Martino , Bottero Sergio , Cutrera Renato 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRationaleLong‐life ventilatory assistance is necessary for survival in pediatric patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS). Invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) through tracheostomy is the most used method, especially in the first years of life when the central nervous system is maturing. Nevertheless, IMV via tracheostomy is not ideal because tracheostomy in children is associated with impaired speech and language development, also frequent infections of the lower airway tract occur.ObjectiveOnly few reports describe the transition from IMV to the noninvasive method, ending with decannulation in CCHS affected patients. We aim to provide our experience regarding decannulation program in CCHS affected children and to describe a proposal of an algorithm concerning transition from invasive to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in CCHS patients.MethodsThe study has been conducted retrospectively. Four children from two European centers underwent tracheostomy removal and decannulation, upon request of patients and their families.ResultsAll children were trained to carry out tracheostomy capping before decannulation and underwent endoscopic assessment of upper and lower airway. Subsequently they started training to NIV at mean age of 106.25 months (±40.7 SD). Decannulation occurred 12 months after and no patients needed the reintroduction of tracheal cannula in either short or long term follow up. Conclusions: our study shows that effective liberation from IMV, the transition to NIV and decannulation are possible in CCHS affected children and offers a proposal of an algorithm which can be applied in selected centers.
Linkage mapping an indoxacarb resistance locus in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by genotype‐by‐sequencing
Authors: Chen Yizhou , Bird Lisa , Woolley Lauren , Walsh Tom , Gordon Karl , Herron Grant 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDA major challenge to sustainable agricultural pest control is the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance. This is caused by mechanisms that reduce insecticide efficacy. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of resistance is essential for DNA‐based monitoring of resistance in field populations. One such insecticide is indoxacarb, an important selective control option for Helicoverpa armigera in a range of crops including grain, horticulture and cotton. Recently, a strain of H. armigera (GY7‐39) resistant to indoxacarb (198‐fold) was isolated from field‐collected moth.RESULTSTo identify the indoxacarb resistance locus, GY7‐39 was backcrossed for six generations to susceptible strain New GR. In each generation, only resistant males were used to cross back to New GR. Genotype‐by‐sequencing was carried out on 95 H. armigera samples. In total, 13 203 tags with 8697 unique locations on the H. armigera genome were obtained. The indoxacarb resistance locus in strain GY7‐39 was mapped to a 2.6 Mbp region on chromosome 16. In this region, two closely linked loci (IndoR1 and IndoR2) were found to be associated with indoxacarb resistant GY7‐39.CONCLUSIONSWe mapped indoxacarb resistance in GY7‐39 to two closely linked loci IndoR1 and IndoR2 in a narrowed 2.6 Mbp region of H. armigera chromosome 16. The results provide essential background data for future genetic investigations including fine mapping of the indoxacarb resistance gene and the eventual development of an effective DNA‐based diagnostic to support resistance management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Hybrid approach for remaining useful life prediction of ball bearings
Authors: Wang Fu‐Kwun , Mamo Tadele 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRemaining useful life (RUL) prediction plays an important role in predictive maintenance systems to support decision‐makers for arranging maintenance tasks and related resources. We propose a hybrid approach that is combined an exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) control chart for anomaly detection and machine learning models such as support vector regression (SVR) and random forest regression (RFR) with differential evolution (DE) algorithm to predict the RULs of ball bearings. Here, DE algorithm is used to find the optimal hyperparameters of SVR model. The datasets of ball bearings from the Prognostics Data Repository of NASA are used to compare the prediction performance of different methods. The degradation behavior of training data from the anomaly time to the end of life is used to transfer learning for the testing data in the SVR and RFR models. The results indicate that the proposed methods outperform the other four existing methods in terms of score. Therefore, the proposed hybrid approach is a reliable tool for the RUL prediction of ball bearings.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Paracetamol Drug Adsorption on Boron Nitride Nanotube: Effects of Temperature, Nanotube Length, Diameter, and Chirality
Authors: Iranmanesh‐Zarandy Zahra , Dehestani Maryam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe medicalapplications such as nanomedicine and drug delivery are one of the main advantages of the boron nitride nanotube (BNNT). It is important to investigate adsorption behavior of drug molecules on nanotube for progress of drug delivery in nanoscale. The aim of this study is to investigate the adsorption of 40 paracetamol molecules on single‐walled BNNTs with increment in the diameter and the length from 5.63 to 13.96 Å and from 2.2 to 6.3 nm, respectively in an aqueous solution using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Also the effect of temperature on adsorption is investigated. Finally, the dependence of the tube chirality on adsorption is examined. Inspection of the results of the radial distribution function, free energy and the Lennard‐Jones energy calculations implies that the paracetamol molecules have more tendency for adsorption on the surface of chiral and armchair nanotubes with the diameter 13.96 Å and length 4.2 nm. The adsorption of the paracetamol molecules on BNNT decreases with increasing in temperature.