bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐response effects of exercise on bone mineral density and content in post‐menopausal women
Authors: Gonzalo‐Encabo Paola , McNeil Jessica , Boyne Devon J. , Courneya Kerry S. , Friedenreich Christine M. 
Published: May 2019

Exercise is one of the most widely used non‐pharmacological strategies to prevent bone resorption during menopause. Given the detrimental consequences of bone demineralization, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of prescribing different exercise volumes on bone mineral density and content in previously inactive, post‐menopausal women during a 12‐month intervention and 1 year after intervention completion. Four hundred post‐menopausal women were randomized to either 150 min/wk (MODERATE dose group) or 300 min/wk (HIGH dose group) of aerobic exercise. Total bone mineral density (g/cm2) and bone mineral content (g) were assessed at baseline, 12 months (end of the intervention) and 24 months (follow‐up) using whole body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry. At 12 months, mean bone mineral density among women in the HIGH dose group was estimated to be 0.006 g/cm2 (95% CI: 0.001‐0.010; P = 0.02) higher than that of women randomized to the MODERATE dose group. At 24 months, the mean difference between groups remained statistically significant, indicating higher mean bone mineral density among women in the HIGH dose group (0.007 g/cm2; 0.001‐0.001; P = 0.04). No significant differences between groups were found at any time point for bone mineral content. In an exploratory analysis, women who completed more min/wk of impact exercises had significantly higher mean levels of bone mineral density at 12 months compared to baseline (0.006 g/cm2, 95% CI: 0.006‐0.012; P = 0.03). These findings suggest that higher volumes of exercise, especially impact exercise, lead to a smaller decline in total bone mineral density, which may remain following intervention completion.
Seeking authenticity in diverse contexts: How identities and environments constrain “free” choice
Authors: Aday Audrey , Schmader Toni 
Published: May 2019

AbstractDiversity and inclusion are a key goal in 21st century society, but people continue to self‐segregate in occupations, communities, and everyday interactions. Are people's choices to separate by groups into these different spaces truly “free?” In this paper, we review and extend a new framework for understanding how social identities contextually and automatically constrain the choices people make. We consider how situations subtly cue a sense of fit to one's identity, automatically eliciting state authenticity and a desire to return to those settings that afford authenticity and avoid those that do not. Actors and observers alike often explain these behaviors after the fact as freely chosen. We discuss how the SAFE model can clarify and expand what it means to feel a sense of belonging and explain why those who are advantaged in a setting are often less aware of the way in which their identity advantages them. We end by highlighting how environments can be shaped to foster fit and authenticity among members of underrepresented groups as a means to facilitate diversity.
The Patterns of Asian Americans’ Partisan Choice: Policy Preferences and Racial Consciousness
Authors: Zheng Bang Quan 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThis study aims to examine the patterns of Asian Americans’ partisanship acquisition by asking why and in what ways Asian Americans develop partisan affiliation with the Democratic and Republican Party.MethodsDrawing on the 2008 National Asian American Survey data and employing logistic regression analysis, this research situates the analytical framework on socioeconomic attainment and political socialization, and tests the extent to which socioeconomic status, policy preferences, and race‐based political commonality constitute the directional components contributing to partisan orientation.ResultsWe find that socioeconomic status cannot efficiently predict Asian Americans’ partisan preferences; instead, Asian Americans’ partisanship acquisition derives mainly from policy preferences and a sense of minority political commonality and racial identity.ConclusionDifferent from white and African Americans, where socioeconomic attainment and a sense of in‐group linked fate tend to work efficiently to predict their partisanship, in the Asian‐American context, partisan orientation is grounded in a combination of liberal policy preferences and race‐based political calculus. Specifically, liberal policy preferences and the sense of political commonality with blacks and Latinos tend to lay a concrete groundwork for partisan identification with the Democratic Party.
Power Politics and Foreign Aid Delivery Tactics
Authors: Adhikari Bimal 
Published: May 2019

ObjectiveThis article explores the influence of aid recipient countries’ U.N. General Assembly voting on the amount of government‐to‐government economic assistance they receive from donor countries. I argue that major power donor states are swayed by recipient states’ voting records, while minor donors do not take U.N. General Assembly voting into consideration while formulating their aid policies.MethodTo explore the relationship, I utilize newly available, disaggregated foreign aid data.ResultI find considerable empirical support for the assertion that dissimilar voting in the U.N. General Assembly results in less government‐to‐government aid from major power donors but has no effects on aid provided by minor power donors.ConclusionThe findings show that foreign aid policies are based on donor countries’ position in the international system, where major power donors base their aid decisions mostly on strategic goals; minor power donors, on the other hand, prioritize recipient needs while formulating their foreign aid policies.
Out of the Orient: Post‐Tethyan transoceanic and trans‐Arabian routes fostered the spread of Baorini skippers in the Afrotropics
Authors: Toussaint Emmanuel F.A. , Vila Roger , Yago Masaya , Chiba Hideyuki , Warren Andrew D. , Aduse‐Poku Kwaku , Storer Caroline , Dexter Kelly M. , Maruyama Kiyoshi , Lohman David J. , Kawahara Akito Y. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe origin of taxa presenting a disjunct distribution between Africa and Asia has puzzled biogeographers for more than a century. This biogeographic pattern has been hypothesized to be the result of transoceanic long‐distance dispersal, Oligocene dispersal through forested corridors, Miocene dispersal through the Arabian Peninsula or passive dispersal on the rifting Indian plate. However, it has often been difficult to pinpoint the mechanisms at play. We investigate biotic exchange between the Afrotropics and the Oriental region during the Cenozoic, a period in which geological changes altered landmass connectivity. We use Baorini skippers (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae) as a model, a widespread clade of butterflies in the Old World tropics with a disjunct distribution between the Afrotropics and the Oriental region. We use anchored phylogenomics to infer a robust evolutionary tree for Baorini skippers and estimate divergence times and ancestral ranges to test biogeographic hypotheses. Our phylogenomic tree recovers strongly supported relationships for Baorini skippers and clarifies the systematics of the tribe. Dating analyses suggest that these butterflies originated in the Oriental region, Greater Sunda Islands, and the Philippines in the early Miocene c. 23 Ma. Baorini skippers dispersed from the Oriental region towards Africa at least five times in the past 20 Ma. These butterflies colonized the Afrotropics primarily through trans‐Arabian geodispersal after the closure of the Tethyan seaway in the mid‐Miocene. Range expansion from the Oriental region towards the African continent probably occurred via the Gomphotherium land bridge through the Arabian Peninsula. Alternative scenarios invoking long‐distance dispersal and vicariance are not supported. The Miocene climate change and biome shift from forested areas to grasslands possibly facilitated geodispersal in this clade of butterflies.
Evolution of coumaroyl conjugate 3‐hydroxylases in land plants: lignin biosynthesis and defense
Authors: Alber Annette V. , Renault Hugues , Basilio‐Lopes Alexandra , Bassard Jean‐Etienne , Liu Zhenhua , Ullmann Pascaline , Lesot Agnès , Bihel Frédéric , Schmitt Martine , Werck‐Reichhart Danièle , Ehlting Jürgen 
Published: May 2019

SummaryMultiple adaptations were necessary when plants conquered the land. Among them were soluble phenylpropanoids related to plant protection and lignin necessary for upright growth and long‐distance water transport. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 98 (CYP98) catalyzes a rate‐limiting step in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Phylogenetic reconstructions suggest that a single copy of CYP98 founded each major land plant lineage (bryophytes, lycophytes, monilophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms), and was maintained as a single copy in all lineages but the angiosperms. In angiosperms, a series of independent gene duplications and losses occurred. Biochemical assays in four angiosperm species tested showed that 4‐coumaroyl‐shikimate, a known intermediate in lignin biosynthesis, was the preferred substrate of one member in each species, while independent duplicates in Populus trichocarpa and Amborella trichopoda each showed broad substrate ranges, accepting numerous 4‐coumaroyl‐esters and ‐amines, and were thus capable of producing a wide range of hydroxycinnamoyl conjugates. The gymnosperm CYP98 from Pinus taeda showed a broad substrate range, but preferred 4‐coumaroyl‐shikimate as its best substrate. In contrast, CYP98s from the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii and the fern Pteris vittata converted 4‐coumaroyl‐shikimate poorly in vitro, but were able to use alternative substrates, in particular 4‐coumaroyl‐anthranilate. Thus, caffeoyl‐shikimate appears unlikely to be an intermediate in monolignol biosynthesis in non‐seed vascular plants, including ferns. The best substrate for CYP98A34 from the moss Physcomitrella patens was also 4‐coumaroyl‐anthranilate, while 4‐coumaroyl‐shikimate was converted to lower extents. Despite having in vitro activity with 4‐coumaroyl‐shikimate, CYP98A34 was unable to complement the Arabidopsis thaliana cyp98a3 loss‐of‐function phenotype, suggesting distinct properties also in vivo.
Under phosphate starvation conditions, Fe and Al trigger accumulation of the transcription factor STOP1 in the nucleus of Arabidopsis root cells
Authors: Godon Christian , Mercier Caroline , Wang Xiaoyue , David Pascale , Richaud Pierre , Nussaume Laurent , Liu Dong , Desnos Thierry 
Published: May 2019

SummaryLow‐phosphate (Pi) conditions are known to repress primary root growth of Arabidopsis at low pH and in an Fe‐dependent manner. This growth arrest requires accumulation of the transcription factor STOP1 in the nucleus, where it activates the transcription of the malate transporter gene ALMT1; exuded malate is suspected to interact with extracellular Fe to inhibit root growth. In addition, ALS3 – an ABC‐like transporter identified for its role in tolerance to toxic Al – represses nuclear accumulation of STOP1 and the expression of ALMT1. Until now it was unclear whether Pi deficiency itself or Fe activates the accumulation of STOP1 in the nucleus. Here, by using different growth media to dissociate the effects of Fe from Pi deficiency itself, we demonstrate that Fe is sufficient to trigger the accumulation of STOP1 in the nucleus, which, in turn, activates the expression of ALMT1. We also show that a low pH is necessary to stimulate the Fe‐dependent accumulation of nuclear STOP1. Furthermore, pharmacological experiments indicate that Fe inhibits proteasomal degradation of STOP1. We also show that Al acts like Fe for nuclear accumulation of STOP1 and ALMT1 expression, and that the overaccumulation of STOP1 in the nucleus of the als3 mutant grown in low‐Pi conditions could be abolished by Fe deficiency. Altogether, our results indicate that, under low‐Pi conditions, Fe2/3+ and Al3+ act similarly to increase the stability of STOP1 and its accumulation in the nucleus where it activates the expression of ALMT1.
Eisosomes at the intersection of TORC1 and TORC2 regulation
Authors: Babst Markus 
Published: May 2019

AbstractEisosomes are furrows in the yeast plasma membrane that form a membrane domain with distinct lipid and protein composition. Recent studies highlighted the importance of this domain for the regulation of proton‐nutrient symporters. The amino acids and other nutrients, which these transporters deliver to the cytoplasm not only feed into metabolic pathways but also activate the metabolic regulator TORC1. Eisosomes have also been shown to harbor the membrane stress sensors Slm1 and Slm2. Membrane tension caused by hypoosmotic shock results in the redistribution of Slm1/2 from eisosomes to TORC2 which in turn regulates lipid synthesis. Therefore, eisosomes function upstream of both TORC1 and TORC2 regulation.
Treatment of exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a German shorthaired pointer dog with mycophenolate mofetil
Authors: Ferrigno Alena , Hoover Kathleen , Blubaugh Amanda , Rissi Daniel , Banovic Frane 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundImmune‐modulating drugs show limited therapeutic efficacy in canine exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus (ECLE); over half of ECLE dogs are eventually euthanized for their lack of response to therapy.ObjectiveTo describe a case of generalized ECLE in a dog in which mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) treatment achieved complete remission.AnimalA 3‐year‐old, male castrated German shorthaired pointer was presented with a three months history of generalized scaling, erythematous macules and plaques, follicular casts and hypotrichosis affecting the head, trunk, ventrum and medial aspects of all limbs. The dog exhibited lameness and stiff gait.Methods and materialsComplete blood count, serum chemistry profile, urinalysis, serum antinuclear antibody test, histopathological examination and RT‐qPCR of skin biopsies.ResultsHistologically, skin biopsy specimens revealed lymphocyte‐rich interface dermatitis, infundibular interface mural folliculitis and periglandular lymphocytic infiltrate. The absence of systemic signs and unremarkable laboratory tests excluded concurrent systemic lupus erythematosus. Treatment of ECLE was initiated with oral MMF (22 mg/kg, twice daily). Within three weeks of starting MMF therapy, a marked improvement in lameness and a moderate decrease in erythema and scaling was observed. After four months, erythema, scaling and follicular casts had completely resolved, and at the time of writing the dog's ECLE remains in complete remission with twice daily MMF (10 mg/kg). The lesional skin transcriptome revealed predominant T helper 1 (Th1) lymphocytic inflammatory response with strong upregulation of interferon pathway.Conclusions and clinical importanceTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of successful treatment of ECLE with MMF as a single‐agent therapy.
Cardiovascular biomarkers in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Authors: Gommeren Kris , Desmas Isabelle , Garcia Alexandra , Clercx Cécile , Mc Entee Kathleen , Merveille Anne‐Christine , Peeters Dominique 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo measure plasma N‐terminal fragments of pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptides (NT‐proBNP) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) concentration in hospitalized dogs and relate these markers to underlying conditions and evaluate their potential as prognostic markers in dogs with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).DesignProspective, observational, clinical study.SettingEmergency department of a university teaching hospital.AnimalsSixty‐nine dogs with SIRS examined in the emergency department were prospectively studied. Patient age ranged from 5 months to 15 years, and weight ranged from 5.5 to 75 kg.Measurements and Main ResultsBlood samples were obtained at presentation, during hospitalization until discharge or death, and at a “control” visit (T1m) at least 1 month after hospital discharge. NT‐proBNP was assayed with a commercially available canine ELISA, while cTnT was measured with an automated immunoassay previously used in dogs. A correlation procedure, mixed procedure on a linear model, and a logistic procedure were performed. Forty‐four patients survived, 19 of which had control visits. cTnT concentrations were significantly higher than T0 and T1m at T12, T24, and T72. In 28 dogs, cTnT was detected during hospitalization, but cTnT was not detected in any dog at the control visits. Higher concentrations of cTnT were negatively associated with survival, irrespective of disease category. NT‐proBNP concentrations were significantly higher than T0, T6, T12, and T1m at T24, T72, and T120, but were not associated with survival.ConclusionsNT‐proBNP and cTnT increased significantly in dogs with SIRS, regardless of the underlying disease process. Nonsurvivors displayed significantly higher cTnT concentrations during hospitalization.
Small intestinal enterolith in a dog presenting for a suspected gastric foreign body
Authors: Malberg Jessica A. , Hespel Adrien‐Maxence 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA 12‐year‐old Labrador Retriever presented for an acute onset of anorexia and vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound and abdominal radiographs were performed, and on the latter a large mineral opaque structure with concentric rings within the cranial abdomen was diagnosed as a gastric foreign body. Laparotomy revealed that the suspected gastric foreign body was a large enterolith within the small intestines. Enteroliths should be considered as one of the differential diagnoses for a large mineralized abdominal structure in a dog presented for gastrointestinal clinical signs.
Perioperative morbidity and mortality in dogs with invasive adrenal neoplasms treated by adrenalectomy and cavotomy
Authors: Mayhew Philipp D. , Boston Sarah E. , Zwingenberger Allison L. , Giuffrida Michelle A. , Runge Jeffrey J. , Holt David E. , Raleigh Joseph S. , Singh Ameet , Culp William T. N. , Case J. Brad , Steffey Michele A. , Balsa Ingrid M. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo report the morbidity and mortality associated with adrenalectomy with cavotomy for resection of invasive adrenal neoplasms in dogs and evaluate risk factors for perioperative outcomes.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsForty‐five client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs that underwent open adrenalectomy with cavotomy for resection of adrenal masses with tumor thrombus extending into the vena cava were included. Clinicopathologic data were harvested from medical records. Selected clinical, imaging, and operative variables were statistically evaluated as risk factors for packed red blood cell transfusion, nephrectomy, perioperative death, and overall survival.ResultsThirty‐six of 45 masses were pheochromocytomas, 7 were adrenocortical carcinomas, and 2 were unknown type. Caval thrombus terminated prehepatically in 21 of 45 dogs and extended beyond the porta hepatis but terminated prediaphragmatically (intrahepatic prediaphragmatic location) in 15 dogs and thrombi extended postdiaphragmatically in 5 dogs. Thirty‐four (76%) dogs were discharged from the hospital, and 11 (24%) dogs died or were euthanized prior to discharge. Median overall survival time for all 45 dogs was 547 days (95%CI 146–710). Bodyweight, tumor type, and size and extent of caval thrombus did not affect survival to discharge, but postdiaphragmatic (rather than prediaphragmatic) thrombus termination was associated with a greater risk of death.ConclusionLong‐term survival was common in dogs that survived the perioperative period. Postdiaphragmatic thrombus extension affected the prognosis for overall survival.Clinical significanceFindings of this study help to stratify operative risk in dogs with adrenal neoplasia and caval invasion.
Outcomes of dogs with recurrent idiopathic pericardial effusion treated with a 3‐port right‐sided thoracoscopic subtotal pericardiectomy
Authors: Michelotti Kurt P. , Youk Ada , Payne John T. , Anderson Jonathan 
Published: May 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a 3‐port right‐sided thoracoscopic subtotal pericardiectomy (TSP) to treat dogs with recurrent idiopathic pericardial effusion (RIPE) and report their long‐term survival.Study designRetrospective case series.AnimalsSixteen client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records were searched for dogs with idiopathic pericardial effusion that recurred after 1 or more pericardiocenteses and treated with a 3‐port right‐sided technique (1 subxiphoid camera port and 2 instrument ports on the right side of the dog). Follow‐up consisted of direct examination or communication with referring veterinarians or owners.ResultsThoracoscopic subtotal pericardiectomy was successfully completed in all dogs, with no surgical complications. The median duration of postoperative follow‐up was 191.5 days (range, 5–1345). The median survival time (MST) after surgery was 365 days (range, 5–1345); MST of dogs with a histopathological diagnosis of neoplasia (n = 4) was 76 days, whereas dogs with no evidence of neoplasia had an MST of 367 days (n = 12,P = .14). Recurrent pleural effusion was the ultimate cause of death or reason for euthanasia in 8 of 16 dogs.ConclusionThe technique described here resulted in similar surgical times and outcomes for dogs undergoing TSP for RIPE compared with previous studies. Neoplasia was identified in 4 of 16 dogs.Clinical significanceThoracoscopic subtotal pericardiectomy can be readily performed with only 2 instrument ports, both on the same side of the dog, and without 1‐lung ventilation. Recurrent pleural effusion led to the death of half of the dogs in this series.