bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The strengths of the genetic approach to understanding neural systems development and function: Ray Guillery's synthesis
Authors: LaMantia Anthony‐Samuel 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe organization and function of sensory systems, especially the mammalian visual system, has been the focus of philosophers and scientists for centuries—from Descartes and Newton onward. Nevertheless, the utility of understanding development and its genetic foundations for deeper insight into neural function has been debated: Do you need to know how something is assembled—a car, for example—to understand how it works or how to use it—to turn on the ignition and drive? This review addresses this issue for sensory pathways. The pioneering work of the late Rainer W. (Ray) Guillery provides an unequivocal answer to this central question: Using genetics for mechanistic exploration of sensory system development yields essential knowledge of organization and function. Ray truly built the foundation for this now accepted tenet of modern neuroscience. His work on the development and reorganization of visual pathways in albino mammals—all with primary genetic mutations in genes for pigmentation—defined the genetic approach to neural systems development, function and plasticity. The work that followed his lead in a variety of sensory systems, including my own work in the developing olfactory system, proceeds directly from Ray's fundamental contributions.
Heterogeneity of retinogeniculate axon arbors
Authors: Hong Y. Kate , Burr Eliza F. , Sanes Joshua R. , Chen Chinfei 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe retinogeniculate synapse transmits information from retinal ganglion cells (RGC) in the eye to thalamocortical relay neurons in the visual thalamus, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Studies in mice have identified genetic markers for distinct classes of RGCs encoding different features of the visual space, facilitating the dissection of RGC subtype‐specific physiology and anatomy. In this study, we examine the morphological properties of axon arbors of the BD‐RGC class of ON‐OFF direction selective cells that, by definition, exhibit a stereotypic dendritic arbor and termination pattern in the retina. We find that axon arbors from the same class of RGCs exhibit variations in their structure based on their target region of the dLGN. Our findings suggest that target regions may influence the morphologic and synaptic properties of their afferent inputs.
Temporal dynamics of genetic clines of invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) in eastern North America
Authors: Lehnert Sarah J. , DiBacco Claudio , Jeffery Nicholas W. , Blakeslee April M. H. , Isaksson Jonatan , Roman Joe , Wringe Brendan F. , Stanley Ryan R. E. , Matheson Kyle , McKenzie Cynthia H. , Hamilton Lorraine C. , Bradbury Ian R. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTwo genetically distinct lineages of European green crabs (Carcinus maenas) were independently introduced to eastern North America, the first in the early 19th century and the second in the late 20th century. These lineages first came into secondary contact in southeastern Nova Scotia, Canada (NS), where they hybridized, producing latitudinal genetic clines. Previous studies have documented a persistent southward shift in the clines of different marker types, consistent with existing dispersal and recruitment pathways. We evaluated current clinal structure by quantifying the distribution of lineages and fine‐scale hybridization patterns across the eastern North American range (25 locations, ~39 to 49°N) using informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; n = 96). In addition, temporal changes in the genetic clines were evaluated using mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite loci (n = 9–11) over a 15‐year period (2000–2015). Clinal structure was consistent with prior work demonstrating the existence of both northern and southern lineages with a hybrid zone occurring between southern New Brunswick (NB) and southern NS. Extensive later generation hybrids were detected in this region and in southeastern Newfoundland. Temporal genetic analysis confirmed the southward progression of clines over time; however, the rate of this progression was slower than predicted by forecasting models, and current clines for all marker types deviated significantly from these predictions. Our results suggest that neutral and selective processes contribute to cline dynamics, and ultimately, highlight how selection, hybridization, and dispersal can collectively influence invasion success.
Recent advances in conservation and population genomics data analysis
Authors: Hendricks Sarah , Anderson Eric C. , Antao Tiago , Bernatchez Louis , Forester Brenna R. , Garner Brittany , Hand Brian K. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Kardos Martin , Koop Ben , Sethuraman Arun , Waples Robin S. , Luikart Gordon 
Published: June 2018

AbstractNew computational methods and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) approaches have enabled the use of thousands or hundreds of thousands of genetic markers to address previously intractable questions. The methods and massive marker sets present both new data analysis challenges and opportunities to visualize, understand, and apply population and conservation genomic data in novel ways. The large scale and complexity of NGS data also increases the expertise and effort required to thoroughly and thoughtfully analyze and interpret data. To aid in this endeavor, a recent workshop entitled “Population Genomic Data Analysis,” also known as “ConGen 2017,” was held at the University of Montana. The ConGen workshop brought 15 instructors together with knowledge in a wide range of topics including NGS data filtering, genome assembly, genomic monitoring of effective population size, migration modeling, detecting adaptive genomic variation, genomewide association analysis, inbreeding depression, and landscape genomics. Here, we summarize the major themes of the workshop and the important take‐home points that were offered to students throughout. We emphasize increasing participation by women in population and conservation genomics as a vital step for the advancement of science. Some important themes that emerged during the workshop included the need for data visualization and its importance in finding problematic data, the effects of data filtering choices on downstream population genomic analyses, the increasing availability of whole‐genome sequencing, and the new challenges it presents. Our goal here is to help motivate and educate a worldwide audience to improve population genomic data analysis and interpretation, and thereby advance the contribution of genomics to molecular ecology, evolutionary biology, and especially to the conservation of biodiversity.
Impact of supplementation on deleterious mutation distribution in an exploited salmonid
Authors: Ferchaud Anne‐Laure , Laporte Martin , Perrier Charles , Bernatchez Louis 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDeleterious mutations have important implications for the evolutionary trajectories of populations. While several studies recently investigated the dynamics of deleterious mutations in wild populations, no study has yet explored the fate of deleterious mutations in a context of populations managed by supplementation. Here, based on a dataset of nine wild and 15 supplemented Lake Trout populations genotyped at 4,982 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s by means of genotype by sequencing (GBS), we explored the effect of supplementation on the frequency of putatively deleterious variants. Three main findings are consequential for the management of fish populations. First, an increase in neutral genetic diversity in stocked populations compared with unstocked ones was observed. Second, putatively deleterious mutations were more likely to be found in unstocked than in stocked populations, suggesting a lower efficiency to purge deleterious mutations in unstocked lakes. Third, a population currently used as a major source for supplementation is characterized by several fixed putatively deleterious alleles. Therefore, other source populations with lower abundance of putatively deleterious mutations should be favored as sources of supplementation. We discuss management implications of our results, especially pertaining to the joint identification of neutral and deleterious mutations that could help refining the choice of source and sink populations for supplementation in order to maximize their evolutionary potential and to limit their mutation load.
Ranking intuitionistic fuzzy numbers at levels of decision‐making and its application
Authors: Chutia Rituparna , Saikia Sunayana 
Published: June 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a new method of ranking trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers has been introduced based on the concept of value and ambiguity at different levels of decision‐making. The concept of decision levels α for the membership function and β for the non‐membership function called as the flexibility parameters have been introduced in ranking these types of fuzzy numbers. If the flexibility parameters α is close to maximum membership degree of the membership function and β close to minimum membership degree of non‐membership function, then a high‐level decision is made. Likewise, if the flexibility parameters α is close to minimum membership degree of membership function and β close to maximum membership degree of non‐membership function, then a low‐level decision is made. Again, if the flexibility parameters α and β lie between minimum membership degree of the membership function and maximum membership degree of the non‐membership function, then an intermediate decision is made. This phenomenon of the proposed method is an attractive feature as it allows the decision‐maker to make a choice on the levels of decision. Further, the rationality validation of the proposed method has been checked by proving some of the Wang and Kerre's reasonable properties on ordering fuzzy quantities.
Influence of dental factors on oropharyngeal dysphagia among recipients of long‐term care
Authors: Brochier Cassiane Wigner , Hugo Fernando Neves , Rech Rafaela Soares , Baumgarten Alexandre , Hilgert Juliana Balbinot 
Published: June 2018

ObjectiveThe study evaluated the association of the sociodemographic, behavioural variables and the oral conditions with the presence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in long‐term care older persons.BackgroundDue to the influence of ageing, swallowing may be altered both in people with natural teeth and in those who have dentures or tooth loss.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional study evaluated 115 individuals older than 60 years, living in long‐term care institutions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul in 2016. The diagnosis of dysphagia happen using a clinical speech evaluation, based on the research of signals and symptoms of alterations during deglutition, and on an oral sensory‐motor evaluation. The dental clinical evaluation examined the oral cavity, teeth and dental prostheses, including a Xerostomia assessment. Poisson Regressions with robust variance was calculated were used to estimate crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios(PR) and their IC95%.ResultsThe sample was mostly comprised of older women (67.0%), with more than 81 years of age (44.3%) and edentulous (54.3%). Diagnosis of oropharyngeal dysphagia was verified in 60.9% of the participants. In the final model, older persons who presented no pair (PR=1.52(CI95%=1.02‐2.40)) had a highest prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia, when compared to older persons who presented 8 to 14 mixed pairs, as well as those older persons who had more complaints related to symptoms of Xerostomia (PR=2.86(CI95% 1.58‐5.18)).ConclusionInstitutionalised older persons with a poor oral health condition are associated with a higher prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia, as well as with the presence of Xerostomia.
Oral hypofunction in the older population: Position paper of the Japanese Society of Gerodontology in 2016
Authors: Minakuchi Shunsuke , Tsuga Kazuhiro , Ikebe Kazunori , Ueda Takayuki , Tamura Fumiyo , Nagao Kan , Furuya Junichi , Matsuo Koichiro , Yamamoto Ken , Kanazawa Manabu , Watanabe Yutaka , Hirano Hirohiko , Kikutani Takeshi , Sakurai Kaoru 
Published: June 2018

BackgroundThere is growing international interest in identifying the effects of ageing on oral health and on appropriate strategies for managing oral disorders. The Japanese Society of Gerodontology (JSG), as the official representative of researchers and clinicians interested in geriatric dentistry in Japan, makes several recommendations on the concept of “oral hypofunction.”AimsThis study proposes diagnostic criteria and management strategies to reduce the risk of oral hypofunction among older people.Conceptual FrameworkWe define oral hypofunction as a presentation of 7 oral signs or symptoms: oral uncleanness; oral dryness; decline in occlusal force; decline in motor function of tongue and lips; decline in tongue pressure; decline in chewing function; and decline in swallowing function. The criteria of each symptom were determined based on the data of previous studies, and oral hypofunction was diagnosed if the criteria for 3 or more signs or symptoms were met.ConclusionsWe recommend that more evidence should be gathered from clinical studies and trials to clarify our diagnostic criteria and management strategies.
Disturbing the AcademicConferenceMachine: Post‐qualitative re‐turnings
Authors: Benozzo Angelo , Carey Neil , Cozza Michela , Elmenhorst Constanse , Fairchild Nikki , Koro‐Ljungberg Mirka , Taylor Carol A. 
Published: June 2018

Author 1:
They say they want to disturb the AcademicConferenceMachine.

Author 34:
What is an AcademicConferenceMachine?

Author 2:
Please do not go in that direction. Ask, for example, what does an AcademicConferenceMachine do?

Author 51:
Ok, so what does it do?

Author 6:
AcademicConferenceMachines are becoming so regulated and standardized that they might lose the possibility to produce different knowledge and to produce knowledge differently.

Author 227:
Do you think they succeeded?

Author 9999:
I do not know.
Steroidogenesis in ovarian‐like mesenchymal stroma of hepatic and pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms
Authors: Kumata Hiroyuki , Murakami Keigo , Ishida Kazuyuki , Miyagi Shigehito , Arakawa Atsushi , Inayama Yoshiaki , Kinowaki Keiichi , Ochiai Atsushi , Kojima Motohiro , Higashi Michiyo , Moritani Suzuko , Kuwahara Kyoko , Nakatani Yukio , Kajiura Dai , Tamura Gen , Kijima Hiroshi , Yamakawa Mitsunori , Shiraishi Taizo , Inadome Yukinori , Murakami Kazuhiro , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Sawai Takashi , Unno Michiaki , Kamei Takashi , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: June 2018

Steroidogenesis in hepatic mucinous cystic neoplasmAimMucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) occur in the ovary, pancreas, and retroperitoneum but very rarely in the liver. Mucinous cystic neoplasms are known to harbor ovarian‐like mesenchymal stroma (OLS) expressing progesterone and estrogen receptors. In this study we evaluated steroidogenesis in OLS of 25 hepatic MCNs and 24 pancreatic MCNs.MethodsBoth steroid receptors and steroidogenic factors were immunohistochemically evaluated using H‐scores and results were compared with those in 15 ovarian MCNs and 10 normal ovaries.ResultsAndrogen receptor (AR) H‐scores in OLS were significantly higher in hepatic, pancreatic, and ovarian MCN than those in normal ovaries. H‐scores of cytochrome P450 17α‐hydroxylase/c17–20 lyase (P450c17) and 5α‐reductase‐1 (5αRED‐1) in the stroma were significantly higher in OLS of hepatic and pancreatic MCN than in the stroma of ovarian MCN and normal ovary. In tumor epithelium, AR H‐scores were significantly higher in hepatic and pancreatic MCN than in ovarian MCN. In both hepatic and pancreatic MCN, a significant positive correlation was detected between AR H‐score in the epithelium and P450c17 H‐score in OLS (hepatic MCN: Pearson's r = 0.446, P = 0.025; pancreatic MCN: r = 0.432, P = 0.035). In pancreatic MCN, a significantly positive correlation was detected between AR H‐score in the tumor epithelium and 5αRED‐1 H‐score in OLS (Pearson's r = 0.458, P = 0.024).ConclusionsThese results indicated that locally produced androgens in OLS could be pivotal for tumorigenesis of both hepatic and pancreatic MCN and influence epithelial cells, possibly in a paracrine fashion, which could represent biological significance of OLS in these neoplasms.
Ultrasound‐guided microfoam sclerotherapy with polidocanol for symptomatic giant hepatic cyst: Initial experience
Authors: Eso Yuji , Furuta Akihiro , Takai Atsushi , Takahashi Ken , Ueda Yoshihide , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: June 2018

AimIn cases of symptomatic giant hepatic cysts, appropriate treatment is required to relieve symptoms. Ethanol, minocycline hydrochloride, and ethanolamine oleate have been conventionally used for ultrasound (US)‐guided sclerotherapy. However, liquid sclerosing agents could mix with the residual fluid in the cyst and reduce their sclerotic effects. We carried out US‐guided microfoam sclerotherapy using polidocanol for three patients and evaluated its efficacy and safety.MethodsBetween May 2016 and March 2017, three female patients with symptomatic giant hepatic cysts were referred to our hospital. All of them were prospectively included in this study.ResultsThe maximum diameters of the hepatic cysts in the three patients were 92 × 89 × 86 mm, 155 × 119 × 140 mm, and 223 × 195 × 123 mm, respectively. Polidocanol microfoam was successfully administered through an 8.5‐Fr pigtail catheter for all patients. One, two, and three microfoam sclerotherapy sessions were undertaken according to the initial cyst volume for cases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The mean reduction rates of the cyst volume were 90.1% (85.5–98.9%) at 3 months, 96.3% (91.9–99.9%) at 6 months, and 99.5% (99.1–99.9%) at 9 months after treatment. No significant treatment‐induced adverse effects were observed.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided microfoam sclerotherapy using polidocanol could be an effective and safe method for the treatment of symptomatic giant liver cysts.
Innovation, engagement and development: moving forward in health information settings
Authors: Spring Hannah 
Published: June 2018

AbstractThe current trends influencing change in health information and library settings are presenting some exciting new opportunities for health information specialists. Increasingly, knowledge specialists are playing a pivotal role in the effective mobilisation of knowledge and evidence. The focus for our profession will continue to be on demonstrating the value and impact of our services, but a shift in expectations about how those services are delivered will need to be underpinned by new tools and skill sets. These issues are reflected in the themes of the Health Libraries Group 2018 conference, and in conjunction with the event, this virtual issue draws together a collection of articles reflecting those themes. Topics covered in the virtual issue include the following: Toolkits, online systems and emergent technologies to support health information practice; Continuing professional development; Community projects, engagement, outreach and public health; Value and impact and evidence‐based practice; Service improvement and library management; and Digital and health literacy. The papers selected for this issue provide some excellent examples of how we, as a profession, are initiating change in creative ways and rising to the exciting challenges of the future.
Corrective effects of maternal extreme flexure and hip abduction combined with contralateral side‐lying on persistent foetal occipito‐posterior position
Authors: Liu Lan‐ping , Chen Jiu‐hong , Yang Zhi‐juan , Zhu Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAimsTo observe the corrective effects of maternal extreme flexure and hip abduction combined with contralateral side‐lying on persistent foetal occipito‐posterior position.BackgroundDigital rotation and other methods are used for correction of a persistent foetal occipito‐posterior position. However, digital rotation readily causes damage to mother and foetus, and the correction rates of other methods are low.DesignIn this observational study, pregnant women were randomly divided into 2 groups according to different postures and their outcomes were compared.MethodsA total of 238 women with persistent foetal occipito‐posterior position gave birth in our hospital between January 2015 and June 2017. Of these 238 cases, 12 women declined to participate. The 226 pregnant women were divided into study group (maternal extreme flexure and hip abduction combined with contralateral side‐lying,n = 114) and control group (contralateral side‐lying alone,n = 112).ResultsThe correction and spontaneous labour rates were higher in the study group than in the control group (P < .05). The duration between initial and successful correction and birth process were shorter in the study group than in the control group (P < .05).ConclusionMaternal extreme flexure and hip abduction combined with contralateral side‐lying has better correction effect on persistent foetal occipito‐posterior position.
Short‐term external ureter stenting shows significant benefit in comparison to routine double‐J stent placement after ureterorenoscopic stone extraction: A prospective randomized trial – the Fast track stent study (FaST)
Authors: Bach Peter , Reicherz Alina , Teichman Joel , Dahlkamp Lisa , von Landenberg Nicolas , Palisaar Rein‐Jueri , Noldus Joachim , von Bodman Christian 
Published: June 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether short‐term stenting using an external ureter catheter following ureterorenoscopic stone extraction provides a better outcome in comparison to double‐J stent ureteral stenting.MethodsBetween August 2014 and August 2015, 141 patients initially managed with a double‐J stent insertion were prospectively randomized to ureter catheter for 6 h vs double‐J stent insertion for 5 days after stone extraction via ureteroscopy retrograde surgery (including flexible ureteroscopy retrograde surgery) in a single academic center. Endoscopic procedures were performed by nine surgeons. Exclusion criteria were acute urinary tract infection, a solitary kidney, or a stone mass more than 25 mm. Study endpoints were ureter‐stent related symptoms and pain assessed by a validated questionnaire (ureteral stent symptom questionnaire) and visual analogue scale before and 4 weeks after surgery.ResultsOverall stone‐free rate was more than 90%. Mean operative time was 24 min (range 5–63). Groups did not differ in terms of age, body mass index, and stone size. Patients who received short‐term ureter catheter showed a significantly higher quality of life. In the ureter catheter group, the urinary index score (16.8 vs 27.8; P < 0.0001), the pain score (9.7 ± 1.3 vs 20.2 ± 1.5; P < 0.0001), and general health index (15.3 ± 0.7 vs 8.5 ± 0.6; P < 0.0001) were significantly lower. Consultation of a physician and antibiotic treatment were rarely needed (1.3 ± 0.1 vs 1.6 ± 0.1; P = 0.017).ConclusionA short‐term ureter catheter insertion for 6 h following ureteroscopy retrograde surgery stone removal is a safe procedure and superior to double‐J stent insertion with regard to urinary symptoms, pain, quality of life, and stent related symptoms. Patients treated with a short‐term ureter catheter recover more quickly, return to work earlier, and need less doctor visits. Most patients would recommend a ureter catheter, and would prefer this strategy in case of future stone treatments.