bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐level laser therapy enhances the number of osteocytes in calvaria bone defects of ovariectomized rats
Authors: Scalize Priscilla Hakime , de Sousa Luiz Gustavo , Gonçalves Lígia Maria Napolitano , Pitol Dimitrius Leonardo , Palinkas Marcelo , Coppi Antônio Augusto , Righeti Mariah Acioli , Ricardo Vitória , Bombonato‐Prado Karina Fittipaldi , Regalo Simone Cecílio Hallak , Siessere Selma 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundOsteoporosis can make bone repair difficult. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been shown to be a promising tool for bone neoformation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of LLLT on calvaria bone defects of ovariectomized rats using stereology.MethodsFifty‐four Wistar rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, and bone defects were created in calvaria after 150 days. The animals were divided into nine groups (n =  6 per group), and 24 hours after the bone defects were created they received 3, 6 or 12 sessions of LLLT at 0, 20 or 30 J/cm2, using a 780‐nm low‐intensity GaAlAs laser. One‐way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used for data processing. A difference of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The parameters evaluated were osteocyte density (Nvost), total osteocyte number (Ntoost), trabecular surface density (Svt), and trabecular surface area (Sat).ResultsData obtained showed that Ntoost, Svt, and Sat in group G2 rats were significantly different from G1 (0 J/cm2) (P < 0.05). Compared to group G4, G5 presented higher values for the parameters Svt and Sat, and G6 presented significantly higher values for almost all the analyzed parameters (Nvost, Ntoost, Svt, and Sat) (P < 0.05). Compared to group G7, G8 showed a higher value only for the parameter Sat, and G9 showed significantly higher values for parameters Nvost, Ntoost, Svt, and Sat.ConclusionWe conclude that LLLT stimulated bone neoformation and contributed to an increase in the total number of osteocytes, especially with a laser energy density of 30 J/cm2 given for 6 and 12 sessions.
Comparison of gene expression in cynomolgus monkeys with preclinical type II diabetes induced by different high energy diets
Authors: Jin Li‐Sha , Rao Jun‐Hua , Zhang Li‐Biao , Ji Fang , Zhang Yan‐Chun , Hao Xiang‐Fen , Peng Bai‐Lu , Liu Xiao‐Ming , Sun Yun‐Xiao 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundCynomolgus disease models that are similar to the preclinical stage of human type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were established by feeding middle‐aged cynomolgus monkeys different high energy diets to study the differential expression of diabetes‐related genes.MethodsA total of 36 male monkeys were randomly divided into four groups and fed human diets with high sugar, high fat, double high sugar and fat, and a normal diet. The preclinical diabetes phase was determined by monitoring the metabolic characteristic indices and the results of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT). The mRNA expression of 45 diabetes‐related genes in peripheral blood leukocytes was analyzed using real‐time PCR.ResultsA total of 22, 25, and 21 genes were significantly up‐regulated (P < 0.05) and 5, 7, and 5 genes were significantly down‐regulated (P < 0.05) in the above three induced groups, respectively, compared with the control group. Of the 45 tested genes, the expression profiles of 21 genes were consistent. Most of the expression levels in the double high sugar‐and‐fat individuals were slightly lower than those in the high glucose and high fat groups, although the expression patterns of the three groups were essentially similar.ConclusionThe different high energy diets all induced diabetes and shared some phenotypic properties with human T2DM. Most of the expression patterns of the related genes were identical. The gene expression profiles could be used as references for the study of early diagnostic indicators and T2DM pathogenesis.
Loss of Invisibility in Metamaterials under Thermal Fluctuation Induced Radiation
Authors: Sinha Dhiraj 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMetamaterials have been extensively investigated for the development of invisibility cloaks; however, the role of nonequilibrium thermal fluctuations in the operation of metamaterial‐based cloaking remains an unexplored avenue. Here, an analytical study on nonequilibrium thermal fluctuations induced charges and currents in metamaterials which generate electromagnetic modes is presented. It is argued that thermally induced charges in metamaterials cannot remain shielded from incoming electromagnetic radiation and excitation of such charges, by incoming electromagnetic waves, can enhance specific modes, whose radiation limits the invisibility effects associated with metamaterial‐based cloaking. The analysis leads to the conclusion that thermodynamic equilibrium is an essential condition of the invisibility of metamaterial‐based cloaking.
Perovskite Oxide Based Electrodes for High‐Performance Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Wei , Xu Meigui , Xu Xiaomin , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an attractive strategy for the large‐scale production of renewable hydrogen from water. Developing cost‐effective, active and stable semiconducting photoelectrodes is extremely important for achieving PEC water splitting with high solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency. Perovskite oxides as a large family of semiconducting metal oxides are extensively investigated as electrodes in PEC water splitting owing to their abundance, high (photo)electrochemical stability, compositional and structural flexibility allowing the achievement of high electrocatalytic activity, superior sunlight absorption capability and precise control and tuning of band gaps and band edges. In this review, the research progress in the design, development, and application of perovskite oxides in PEC water splitting is summarized, with a special emphasis placed on understanding the relationship between the composition/structure and (photo)electrochemical activity.
Preparation of sorbitol‐based polyurethanes and their semiinterpenetrating polymer networks
Authors: Biswas Atanu , Cheng Huai N. , Kim Sanghoon , Appell Michael , Boddu Veera , Alves Carlucio R. , Furtado Roselayne F. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTSorbitol is a useful agro‐based substance that is inexpensive and commercially available. In the interest of adding value to bio‐based raw materials, we have synthesized polyurethanes from sorbitol and toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) through both conventional heat and microwave processes. Relative to conventional heat, the microwave process achieved the same reaction at a faster rate, thereby saving time and energy. The nature of the resulting polyurethane products depended on the stoichiometry of the reaction. At increasing TDI levels, a viscous liquid, a soft gel, or a hard thermoset could be obtained. The polymers were fully characterized with 13C‐NMR, Fourier transform infrared, size exclusion chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis. The polyurethanes obtained near the gel point could be used to make semiinterpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) with a second polymer, thereby imparting some of the properties of the second polymer onto the sorbitol‐based polyurethane. For illustration, the sorbitol‐based polyurethane semi‐IPNs were made in combination with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and poly(lactic acid). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47602.
Synthesis and characterization of crosslinked polymers from cottonseed oil
Authors: Wijayapala Rangana , Mishra Satish , Elmore Bill , Freeman Charles , Kundu Santanu 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTTraditional plastics are usually obtained from nonrenewable petroleum feedstocks. In this study, crosslinked polymers were synthesized from cottonseed oil. Unsaturated fatty acids, the major components of cottonseed oils, were initially epoxidized. A network polymer was then formed by crosslinking the epoxidized oil with maleic anhydrate. Mechanical properties of these polymers were altered by varying the amount of maleic anhydrate. These polymers have a tensile modulus of the order 1 MPa and are stable in the acidic and alkaline environment. Our results provide a new synthetic strategy to obtain a network polymer from cottonseed oil. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47655.
Meta-analysis of clinical trials examining the benefit of structured home exercise in patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Golledge J , Singh T P , Alahakoon C , Pinchbeck J , Yip L , Moxon J V , Morris D R 
Published: February 2019

Abstract

Background
Supervised exercise is recommended for the management of peripheral artery disease (PAD); however, the uptake is limited. Structured home exercise programmes may be more feasible, but their effectiveness is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the benefit of structured home exercise programmes for treating PAD in comparison to controls not receiving an exercise programme.

Methods
A literature search was conducted to identify RCTs comparing structured home exercise with controls not receiving an exercise programme among patients with PAD. To be included, studies had to report outcomes from treadmill or corridor walking tests, or objective assessment of physical activity. Inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis was performed to compare changes in maximum walking distance and intermittent claudication onset distance in treadmill tests, walking distance during a 6-min walking test, and physical activity measured using a pedometer or accelerometer. Summarized results are presented in terms of standard deviation differences.

Results
Eleven randomized trials involving 807 patients were included. Follow-up ranged from 2 to 24 months; only one trial included follow-up beyond 12 months. Meta-analyses showed that structured home exercise programmes led to significant improvements in maximum walking distance (mean difference (MD) 0·32, 95 per cent c.i. 0·15 to 0·50; P &lt; 0·001), intermittent claudication onset distance (MD 0·45, 0·27 to 0·62; P &lt; 0·001), walking distance in a 6-min walking test (MD 0·28, 0·09 to 0·47; P = 0·004) and physical activity (MD 0·27, 0·11 to 0·43; P = 0·001).

Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggests that structured home exercise programmes are effective at improving walking performance and physical activity in the short term for patients with PAD.
Long‐term therapeutic effect in nonhuman primate eye from a single injection of anti‐VEGF controlled release hydrogel
Authors: Yu Yu , Lin Xingyan , Wang Qilin , He Mingguang , Chau Ying 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWet age‐related macular degeneration (wet‐AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness. Current treatment of AMD requires monthly intravitreal injection, which is difficult to be implemented in many parts of the world. In recent years, controlled release of anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapeutics has attracted intense research interest aiming to reduce the injection frequency to one or two times per year. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo pharmacokinetics and the long‐term therapeutic efficacy of an in situ hydrogel encapsulating an anti‐VEGF antibody in nonhuman primates. We show that after a single injection of anti‐VEGF controlled release hydrogel, a relatively constant concentration of drug can be maintained in the monkey eye for at least 5 months and the dose was sufficient for the treatment of recurrent choroidal neovascularization induced by repeat laser photocoagulation in monkeys. Our result suggested that when formulated into a controlled release formulation, a single dose of anti‐VEGF may be sufficient for a half‐year treatment and controlled release may be a suitable strategy to reduce the injection frequency in the treatment of AMD in human.
The diagnostic accuracy of circulating free DNA for the detection of KRAS mutation status in colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Xie Wenli , Xie Li , Song Xianrang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractKRAS mutations have been reported as a reliable biomarker for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapy and are also associated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. However, limitations of detecting KRAS mutations in tissues are obvious. KRAS mutations in the peripheral blood can be detected as an alternative to tissue analysis. The objective of this meta‐analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic value of cfDNA (circulating free DNA) compared with tissues and to investigate the prognostic potential of cfDNA KRAS mutations in CRC patients. Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for published studies. We extracted true‐positive (TP), false‐positive (FP), false‐negative (FN), true‐negative (TN) values, survival rate of CRC patients with mutant and wild‐type KRAS and calculated pooled sensitivity and specificity, positive/negative likelihood ratios [PLRs/NLRs], diagnostic odds ratios [DORs], and corresponding 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]. We also generated a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve to evaluate the overall diagnostic potential. Totally, 31 relevant studies were recruited and used for the meta‐analysis on the efficacy of cfDNA testing in detecting KRAS mutations. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, and DOR were 0.637 (95% CI: 0.607‐0.666), 0.943 (95% CI: 0.930‐0.954), 10.024 (95% CI: 6.912‐14.535), 0.347 (95% CI: 0.269‐0.447), and 37.882 (95% CI: 22.473‐63.857), respectively. The area under the SROC curve was 0.9392. Together, the results suggest that detecting KRAS mutations in cfDNA has adequate diagnostic efficacy in terms of specificity. There is a promising role for cfDNA in the detection of KRAS mutations in CRC patients. However, prospective studies with larger patient cohorts are still required before definitive conclusions of the prognostic potential of cfDNA KRAS mutations in CRC patients were drawn.
Expression of SNAIL in accompanying PanIN is a key prognostic indicator in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Fujiwara Sho , Saiki Yuriko , Ishizawa Kota , Fukushige Shinichi , Yamanaka Mie , Sato Masaki , Ishida Masaharu , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Unno Michiaki , Horii Akira 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most lethal cancer, mainly because of its invasive and metastatic characteristics. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) is one of the major precursor lesions of PDAC. Although epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to play an important role for these malignant behaviors, the association between PanIN and EMT has not been clearly understood. Therefore, we explored possible molecules for regulation of EMT immunohistochemically. Using surgically resected specimens from 71 PDAC patients, expressions of SNAIL, SLUG, TWIST1, and ZEB1 were investigated in high‐grade PanIN (HG‐PanIN) and PDAC. Results demonstrated that PDAC accompanied by SNAIL‐positive HG‐PanIN showed a significantly better relapse‐free survival (RFS) (median survival time (MST) of 11.3 months vs 4.4 months, P < 0.001) and overall survival overall survival (OS) (MST of 25.2 months vs 13.6 months, P < 0.001). In PDAC accompanied by SLUG‐positive HG‐PanIN, RFS and OS (P = 0.09 and P = 0.05) tended to have a better prognosis. In contrast, we could not find any significant prognostic benefits in the expression of TWIST1 or ZEB1 in PDAC accompanied by HG‐PanIN. Our present results suggest that (1) EMT may play an important role in the development of PDAC from HG‐PanIN, and (2) SNAIL may predict a distinct subgroup that shows a better prognosis.
Dysregulation, functional implications, and prognostic ability of the circadian clock across cancers
Authors: Liu Zekun , Yu Kai , Zheng Jian , Lin Huan , Zhao Qi , Zhang Xiaolong , Feng Weiyi , Wang Liyu , Xu Jianjun , Xie Dawei , Zuo Zhi‐Xiang , Liu Ze‐Xian , Zheng Qichang 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIt has been proposed that the circadian rhythm generally plays important roles in tumor suppression, but there is also evidence that disruption of the canonical circadian pathway has anticancer effects. In this study, we systematically analyzed the aberrances of circadian clock genes across cancers based on data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These data showed that the frequencies of mutations and copy number alterations in core clock genes (PER1/2/3, CLOCK, CRY1/2, and ARNTL) were low, but that the expression levels of core clock genes were downregulated by the higher levels of DNA methylation in most tumors. The circadian clock index (CCI) was established through a principal component analysis, and this measure well represents the overall expression of the core clock genes. In fact, the CCI was significantly lower in hepatocellular carcinoma with HBV infection than in other cancers. Furthermore, pathways such as the MAPK, JAK‐STAT, and immune‐related signaling pathways were enriched in tumors with high CCI values. Interestingly, the CCI was generally positively related to the immunophenoscores and immunophenotypes of tumors. Additionally, the expression levels of core clock genes and the CCI were also generally positively related to survival across cancers. Taken together, the results of this study provide a comprehensive analysis of circadian clock aberrances in cancer, and the results should aid further investigations of the molecular mechanisms of cancer and the development of therapeutic strategies.
Synthesis and Activity Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Inhibitors Based on 6‐(Pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazole
Authors: Liao Bohong , Peng Lingrong , Zhou Jin , Mo Huiting , Zhao Jialan , Yang Zike , Guo Xiaowen , Zhang Peiquan , Zhang Xin , Zhu Zhibo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractHuman nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a common head and neck malignancy with high incidence in Southeast Asia and Southern China. It is necessary to develop safe, effective and inexpensive anticancer agents to improve the therapeutics of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. A series of small molecular compounds based on 6‐(pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazole were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activities against human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines SUNE1. Compounds 6b, 6c, 6e and 6l showed potent antiproliferative activities similar to positive control drug cisplatin in vitro with lower nephrotoxicity than it. N‐[4‐(1H‐Indazol‐6‐yl)pyrimidin‐2‐yl]benzene‐1,3‐diamine (6l) was selected for further study. It was found that 6l induced mitochondria‐mediated apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest in SUNE1 cells. Furthermore, compound 6l at 10 mg/kg can suppress the growth of an implanted SUNE1 xenograft with a TGI% (tumor growth inhibition) value of 50 % and did not cause serious side effects in BALB/c nude mice. This study suggests that 6‐(pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazole derivatives are a series of small molecule compounds with anti‐nasopharyngeal carcinoma activities.
Adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells and keratinocytes co‐culture on gelatin/chitosan/β‐glycerol phosphate nanoscaffold in skin regeneration
Authors: Lotfi Marzieh , Naderi‐Meshkin Hojjat , Mahdipour Elahe , Mafinezhad Asghar , Bagherzadeh Roohollah , Sadeghnia Hamid Reza , Esmaily Habibollah , Maleki Masoud , Hasssanzadeh Halimeh , Ghayaour‐Mobarhan Majid , Bidkhori Hamid Reza , Bahrami Ahmad Reza 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUsing cell‐based engineered skin is an emerging strategy for treating difficult‐to‐heal wounds. To date, much endeavor has been devoted to the fabrication of appropriate scaffolds with suitable biomechanical properties to support cell viability and growth in the microenvironment of a wound. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of adipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs) and keratinocytes on gelatin/chitosan/β‐glycerol phosphate (GCGP) nanoscaffold in full‐thickness excisional skin wound healing of rats. For this purpose, AD‐MSCs and keratinocytes were isolated from rats and GCGP nanoscaffolds were electrospun. Through an in vivo study, the percentage of wound closure was assessed on days 7, 14, and 21 after wound induction. Samples were taken from the wound sites in order to evaluate the density of collagen fibers and vessels at 7 and 14 days. Moreover, sampling was done on days 7 and 14 from wound sites to assess the density of collagen fibers and vessels. The wound closure rate was significantly increased in the keratinocytes‐AD‐MSCs‐scaffold (KMS) group compared with other groups. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor, collagen type 1, and CD34 were also significantly higher in the KMS group compared with the other groups. These results suggest that the combination of AD‐MSCs and keratinocytes seeded onto GCGP nanoscaffold provides a promising treatment for wound healing.
Novel predictors of late lumen enlargement in distal reference segments after successful recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusion
Authors: Okuya Yoshiyuki , Saito Yuichi , Takahashi Takefumi , Kishi Koichi , Hiasa Yoshikazu 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesAlthough successful recanalization of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) can induce subsequent positive vascular remodeling in the distal segment, the predictors are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent and predictors related to luminal gain after successful CTO recanalization.MethodsA total of 134 patients who underwent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)‐guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for CTO and follow‐up angiography were included. Angiographic parameters were assessed qualitatively and quantitatively at baseline and follow‐up. Gray‐scale IVUS images during the PCI procedure were also analyzed. Lumen diameter (LD) at distal reference on the post‐PCI angiogram was compared with corresponding LD at follow‐up coronary angiography.ResultsAt the mean follow‐up of 10.0 ± 2.7 months, LD at distal reference was significantly increased by 15.9% from baseline to follow‐up (2.06 ± 0.62 vs. 2.30 ± 0.55 mm, p < 0.001). Univariable analysis indicated that the left anterior descending artery (LAD), no moderate or severe calcification, presence of peri‐medial high‐echoic band on IVUS, and impairment of final coronary flow and small distal reference diameter at baseline were associated with greater late lumen enlargement. Multivariable analysis showed the LAD, no moderate or severe calcification, and small LD at distal reference as independent predictors of greater late lumen enlargement.ConclusionThe segment distal to recanalized CTO showed significant late lumen enlargement, especially in the cases with small distal reference, in the LAD, and without moderate or severe calcification.