bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between quinolone use and resistance of Staphylococcus epidermidis in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Nakase Keisuke , Yoshida Aoi , Saita Hikaru , Hayashi Nobukazu , Nishijima Setsuko , Nakaminami Hidemasa , Noguchi Norihisa 
Published: June 2019

AbstractStaphylococcus epidermidis is a bacterium known to inhabit the skin. In treatment of acne vulgaris, the cutaneous milieu is exposed to oral or topical antimicrobials. We previously reported that the antimicrobial resistance of Cutibacterium acnes isolated from acne patients is affected by antimicrobial use. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between quinolone use and resistance in skin bacteria, particularly S. epidermidis, from acne patients. A total of 92 and 87 S. epidermidis strains isolated from clinic patients and hospital outpatients with acne vulgaris, respectively, were tested. No significant difference was found between the prevalence of methicillin‐resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) strains from clinic patients (37.0%) and hospital outpatients (39.1%). The MRSE strains (20.6%, 14/68 strains) showed a significantly higher ratio of high‐level levofloxacin resistance (minimum inhibitory concentrations were 64 to ≥256 μg/mL) compared with methicillin‐susceptible S. epidermidis strains (2.7%, 3/111 strains) (P < 0.01). The rate of levofloxacin resistance in C. acnes strains, which were isolated from the same samples of acne patients, showed a strong positive correlation with that in S. epidermidis strains (r = 0.93, P < 0.01). The high‐level levofloxacin‐resistant strains were frequently found in patients with history of quinolone use compared with those without (P < 0.01). Our data showed for the first time that antimicrobial administration for acne treatment affects the antimicrobial resistance in not only C. acnes but also S. epidermidis. Thus, caution should be exercised in antimicrobial use for acne treatment to prevent increasing antimicrobial resistance in these species.
Shade tolerance and mycorrhizal type may influence sapling susceptibility to conspecific negative density dependence
Authors: Brown Alissa J. , Payne Christopher J. , White Peter S. , Peet Robert K. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

The maintenance of tree diversity has been explained by multiple mechanisms. One of the most thoroughly studied is conspecific negative density dependence, in which specialist plant enemies reduce survivorship of seeds, seedlings or saplings located near adult conspecifics. Although there is much support that conspecific negative density dependence occurs in temperate forests, only a subset of the species investigated thus far exhibit this recruitment pattern. It remains unclear what drives differential susceptibility to conspecifics among tree species. Previous investigators have considered shade tolerance and mycorrhizal type (arbuscular mycorrhizal vs. ectomycorrhizal association) as two traits that might explain differential susceptibility to conspecific negative density dependence.

Here, we test whether these two plant traits predict susceptibility of tree saplings to conspecific negative density dependence in a temperate hardwood forest using three responses: spatial point patterns of saplings, sapling growth and sapling survival.

Spatial patterns of saplings indicate that shade tolerant species are less sensitive to conspecifics than shade intolerant species, but show no differences based on mycorrhizal type. Conversely, shade tolerant saplings exhibit reduced growth, but not survival, when located in areas with high conspecific density. We interpret this finding in light of the conservative functional strategies of shade tolerant species, which typically have low leaf nitrogen levels and slower growth to divert resources to tissue defence against enemies. We found an effect of mycorrhizal type interacting with adult conspecific density, where arbuscular mycorrhizal species show a greater reduction in growth than ectomycorrhizal species in areas dense with conspecifics.

Synthesis. We conclude that the shade tolerance level and the mycorrhizal type of temperate forest saplings may influence how their growth and survival respond to the adult conspecific trees in their neighbourhoods.
Political Uncertainty and Cost Stickiness: Evidence from National Elections around the World
Authors: Lee Woo‐Jong , Pittman Jeffrey , Saffar Walid 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACTBy analyzing a large panel of elections in 55 countries, we show that political uncertainty surrounding elections can affect asymmetric cost responses to activity changes (i.e., cost stickiness). In comparison to non‐election years, we find that the asymmetry in cost behaviors is stronger during election years in regressions that control for other firm‐level and country‐level determinants. In another series of tests, we report strong, robust evidence supporting the predictions that the importance of political uncertainty to cost stickiness is concentrated in countries with sound political and legal institutions. Collectively, the results imply that managers retain slack resources when political uncertainty is high but to be resolved soon.
Mental disorders and long‐term labour market outcomes: nationwide cohort study of 2 055 720 individuals
Authors: Hakulinen C. , Elovainio M. , Arffman M. , Lumme S. , Pirkola S. , Keskimäki I. , Manderbacka K. , Böckerman P. 
Published: June 2019

ObjectiveTo examine the associations between an onset of serious mental disorders before the age of 25 with subsequent employment, income and education outcomes.MethodsNationwide cohort study including individuals (n = 2 055 720) living in Finland between 1988–2015, who were alive at the end of the year they turned 25. Mental disorder diagnosis between ages 15 and 25 was used as the exposure. The level of education, employment status, annual wage or self‐employment earnings, and annual total income between ages 25 and 52 (measurement years 1988–2015) were used as the outcomes.ResultsAll serious mental disorders were associated with increased risk of not being employed and not having any secondary or higher education between ages 25 and 52. The earnings for individuals with serious mental disorders were considerably low, and the annual median total income remained rather stable between ages 25 and 52 for most of the mental disorder groups.ConclusionsSerious mental disorders are associated with low employment rates and poor educational outcomes, leading to a substantial loss of total earnings over the life course.
Establishment of a novel experimental model for muscle‐invasive bladder cancer using a dog bladder cancer organoid culture
Authors: Elbadawy Mohamed , Usui Tatsuya , Mori Takashi , Tsunedomi Ryouichi , Hazama Shoichi , Nabeta Rina , Uchide Tsuyoshi , Fukushima Ryuji , Yoshida Toshinori , Shibutani Makoto , Tanaka Takaharu , Masuda Sosuke , Okada Rena , Ichikawa Ryo , Omatsu Tsutomu , Mizutani Tetsuya , Katayama Yukie , Noguchi Shunsuke , Iwai Satomi , Nakagawa Takayuki , Shinohara Yuta , Kaneda Masahiro , Yamawaki Hideyuki , Sasaki Kazuaki 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn human and dogs, bladder cancer (BC) is the most common neoplasm affecting the urinary tract. Dog BC resembles human muscle‐invasive BC in histopathological characteristics and gene expression profiles, and could be an important research model for this disease. Cancer patient‐derived organoid culture can recapitulate organ structures and maintains the gene expression profiles of original tumor tissues. In a previous study, we generated dog prostate cancer organoids using urine samples, however dog BC organoids had never been produced. Therefore we aimed to generate dog BC organoids using urine samples and check their histopathological characteristics, drug sensitivity, and gene expression profiles. Organoids from individual BC dogs were successfully generated, expressed urothelial cell markers (CK7, CK20, and UPK3A) and exhibited tumorigenesis in vivo. In a cell viability assay, the response to combined treatment with a range of anticancer drugs (cisplatin, vinblastine, gemcitabine or piroxicam) was markedly different in each BC organoid. In RNA‐sequencing analysis, expression levels of basal cell markers (CK5 and DSG3) and several novel genes (MMP28, CTSE, CNN3, TFPI2, COL17A1, and AGPAT4) were upregulated in BC organoids compared with normal bladder tissues or two‐dimensional (2D) BC cell lines. These established dog BC organoids might be a useful tool, not only to determine suitable chemotherapy for BC diseased dogs but also to identify novel biomarkers in human muscle‐invasive BC. In the present study, for the 1st time, dog BC organoids were generated and several specifically upregulated organoid genes were identified. Our data suggest that dog BC organoids might become a new tool to provide fresh insights into both dog BC therapy and diagnostic biomarkers.
Minimally invasive approaches to the management of anastomotic leakage following restorative rectal cancer resection
Authors: Creavin B. , Ryan É. J. , Kelly M. E. , Moynihan A. , Redmond C. E. , Ahern D. , Kennelly R. , Hanly A. , Martin S. T. , O'Connell P. R. , Brophy D. P. , Winter D. C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimManagement of anastomotic leakage (AL) following rectal resection has evolved with increasing use of less invasive techniques. The aim of this study was to review the management of AL following restorative rectal cancer resection in a tertiary referral centre.MethodA retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed. The primary outcome was successful management of AL. The secondary outcome was the impact of AL on oncological outcome.ResultsFive hundred and two restorative rectal cancer resections were performed during the study period. The incidence of AL was 9.9% (n = 50). AL occurred more commonly following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n = 31/252, 12.3%) than in those who did not receive neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (n = 19/250, 7.6%; P = 0.107); however, this was not statistically significant. Successful minimally invasive drainage was achieved in 28 patients (56%, radiological n = 24, surgical n = 4). Trans‐rectal drainage was the most common drainage method (n = 14). The median duration of drainage was longer in the neoadjuvant group (27 vs 18 days). Surgical intervention was required in 11 patients, with anastomotic takedown and end‐colostomy formation was most commonly required. Successful management of AL with drainage (maintenance of the anastomosis without the need for further intervention) was achieved in 26 of the 28 patients. There were no significant differences in overall or disease‐free survival when patients with AL were compared with patients without AL (69.4% vs 72.6%, P = 0.99 and 78.7% vs 71.3%, P = 0.45, respectively).ConclusionIn selected patients, AL following restorative rectal resection can be effectively controlled using minimally invasive radiological or surgical drainage without the need for further intervention.
Lichenoid dermatitis from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: An immune‐related adverse event with mycosis‐fungoides‐like morphologic and molecular features
Authors: Tetzlaff Michael T. , Tang Sherry , Duke Taylor , Grabell Daniel A. , Cabanillas Maria E. , Zuo Zhuang , Yao James C. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Aung Phyu P. , Torres‐Cabala Carlos A. , Duvic Madeleine , Prieto Victor G. , Huen Auris , Curry Jonathan L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCutaneous immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) are a known consequence of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and may exhibit a spectrum of morphologic features both clinically and histologically. Lichenoid dermatitis associated with ICI therapy (LD‐ICI) is the most frequently encountered histopathologic type of irAE biopsied by dermatologists. There is frequent clinical and histologic overlap between irAEs and several reactive and neoplastic dermatologic disorders; thus, clinical information is essential. LD‐ICI with histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features typical of mycosis fungoides (MF) are unique. Here, we report a patient who developed LD‐ICI with MF‐like morphologic features with monoclonal T‐cell receptor gene rearrangement on consecutive biopsies during ICI therapy. The development of monoclonal LD‐ICI is important for clinicians and pathologists to recognize in patients receiving ICI therapy.
Pharmacological treatment for Type 2 diabetes integrating findings from cardiovascular outcome trials: an expert consensus in the UK
Authors: Bain S. C. , Bakhai A. , Evans M. , Green A. , Menown I. , Strain W. D. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn people with Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Thus, as well as controlling glucose, reducing the risk of cardiovascular events is a key goal. The results of cardiovascular outcome trials have led to updates for many national and international guidelines. England, Wales and Northern Ireland remain exceptions, with the most recent update to the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines published in 2015. We reviewed current national and international guidelines and recommendations on the management of people with Type 2 diabetes. This article shares our consensus on clinical recommendations for the use of sodium‐glucose co‐transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT‐2is) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) in people with Type 2 diabetes and established or at very high risk of cardiovascular disease in the UK. We also consider cost‐effectiveness for these therapies. We recommend considering each person's cardiovascular risk and using diabetes therapies with proven cardiovascular benefits when appropriate to improve long‐term outcomes and cost‐effectiveness.
The Asian‐Melanesian bambusicolous genus Myriodiscus is related to the genus Tympanis, the North American‐European tree pathogen
Authors: Quijada Luis , Mitchell James K. , Popov Eugene , Pfister Donald H. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSpecies of Tympanis are well‐known pathogens in Holarctic forests, but we know little about their relationship to other genera in Tympanidaceae. The genus Myriodiscus, remarkable macroscopically and a possible pathogen on bamboo, has a complicated taxonomic history and has not been conclusively placed phylogenetically. Species of Myriodiscus have been described under two other generic names, Ascotremellopsis and Gelatinomyces, the latter being related to the pathogenic genus Collophorina. There has been no formal synonymy of these three bambusicolous genera or agreement on their systematic positions. We combine accurate micromorphology and DNA sequence data to show the link between Tympanis and Myriodiscus and reveal previously unrecognized features of the latter. These two genera show a type of ascus development unique in the Leotiomycetes. With this new data, we have resolved past confusions over the identity of these fungi, determined their systematic position and have proposed the proper synonymies for Myriodiscus sparassoides and one new combination (M. conus).
Can increasing infestations by Rhynchophorus ferrugineus threaten endemic Chamaerops humilis in Sardinia (Italy)?
Authors: Cocco A. , Pusceddu M. , Lentini A. , Floris I. 
Published: June 2019

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is the most devastating pest of the Canary palm, Phoenix canariensis, in the Mediterranean Basin. Sporadic infestations have also been observed in other cultivated palm species and, above all, in the endemic European fan palm, Chamaerops humilis. Considering the high ecological importance of C. humilis in coastal ecosystems, the present paper gives an update on the status of R. ferrugineus infestations on the European fan palm in Sardinia (Italy). Since the introduction of R. ferrugineus into Sardinia, attacks of this pest on C. humilis have been limited but have increased in the last 2 years, including infestations on eight naturally growing palms in a Natura 2000 site. Male and female red palm weevils that emerged from C. humilis were similar in size to those of P. canariensis, indicating that the quality of these two feeding substrates is similar. The limited number of infested European fan palms observed so far suggests caution when predicting a rapid spread of this pest in cultivated and non‐cultivated C. humilis palms. Nonetheless, natural populations of C. humilis along western Mediterranean shores should be monitored in order to highlight the potential establishment of R. ferrugineus in these habitats.
Crystal structure of the aminoglycosides N‐acetyltransferase Eis2 from Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Ung Kien Lam , Alsarraf Husam M. A. B. , Olieric Vincent , Kremer Laurent , Blaise Mickaël 
Published: June 2019

Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging human pathogen that is notorious for being one of the most drug‐resistant species of Mycobacterium. It has developed numerous strategies to overcome the antibiotic stress response, limiting treatment options and leading to frequent therapeutic failure. The panel of aminoglycosides (AG) usually used in the treatment of M. abscessus pulmonary infections is restricted by chemical modification of the drugs by the N‐acetyltransferase Eis2 protein (Mabs_Eis2). This enzyme acetylates the primary amine of AGs, preventing these antibiotics from binding ribosomal RNA and thereby impairing their activity. In this study, the high‐resolution crystal structures of Mabs_Eis2 in its apo‐ and cofactor‐bound forms were solved. The structural analysis of Mabs_Eis2, supported by the kinetic characterization of the enzyme, highlights the large substrate specificity of the enzyme. Furthermore, in silico docking and biochemical approaches attest that Mabs_Eis2 modifies clinically relevant drugs such as kanamycin and amikacin, with a better efficacy for the latter. In line with previous biochemical and in vivo studies, our work suggests that Mabs_Eis2 represents an attractive pharmacological target to be further explored. The high‐resolution crystal structures presented here may pave the way to the design of Eis2‐specific inhibitors with the potential to counteract the intrinsic resistance levels of M. abscessus to an important class of clinically important antibiotics.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB database under the accession numbers: 6RFY, 6RFX and 6RFT.
Fabrication of TiO2 photocatalytic electrode and contamination control with atmospheric pressure O2 plasma jet
Authors: Song Chan‐Geun , Kim Tae Hwan , Yoon Jong‐Won , Lee Ho-Jun , Won Jonghwan , Lee Seung Whan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of TiO2 photocatalytic electrode by sol‐gel and electrospinning technique. The anatase TiO2 nanofiber is successfully formed after thermal annealing at 260°C. As‐prepared TiO2 photocatalytic electrode contains surface contamination, which includes a polymer binder such as ethyl cellulose, carbon by carbonization of polyvinylpyrrolidone, and residue polyvinylpyrrolidone. To efficiently remove the surface contaminants from the TiO2 photocatalytic electrode, we employ an atmospheric‐pressure O2 plasma jet and the exposure time is controlled by the scanning rate. As the results, photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue is significantly enhanced with a scanning rate in the range of 100‐500 μm/s and was saturated with a scanning rate in the range of 10‐100 μm/s.
Effect of floating bead on the manufacturing process of fly ash ceramics
Authors: Qi Liqiang , Teng Fei , Liu Kunyang , Zhang Yajuan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA new type of ceramic material was prepared by adding flux with floating beads and kaolin. The influence of the characteristics of floating beads on the properties of fly ash ceramics was discussed. The best sintering conditions were determined through experiments. The optimum floating bead content was 16.7%‐28.6%, and the sintering properties of the ceramic improved when the iron oxide content in the floating beads was 2.59%. The ceramic sintered at 1100°C for 5 hours showed excellent properties. A ceramic body with high porosity, low volume density, and appropriate resistance to bending strength can be sintered by using floating bead with particle size of 0.12‐0.18 mm. Moreover, a ceramic that is highly resistant to bending can be obtained when the particle size was 0.08‐0.096 mm, which is suitable under a high mechanical demand.
Multi‐scale domain structure observation and piezoelectric responses for [001]‐oriented PMN‐33PT single crystal
Authors: Fang Kaiyue , Jing Wenqi , Fang Fei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractMultiple phase coexistence contributes to the extraordinary piezoelectric behavior of (1‐x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 (PMN–xPT) near the morphotropic phase boundaries (MPBs). By incorporating an optical path of crossed polarized light (PLM) into the commercialized Piezoelectric Force Microscope (PFM) (named as PLM‐PFM system), in situ domain structure observation from micro‐ to nanoscale, as well as measurement of the piezoelectric behavior for individual domains can be realized. For [001]‐oriented single crystal of 67Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐33PbTiO3 (PMN‐33PT), fine domain boundary structures of rhombohedral (R), tetragonal (T), and monoclinic (M) phases are revealed. Measurements of the electric field‐induced displacement as a function of the applied DC electric field (VDC) are performed for domains with different polarization vectors. Values for the electric field‐induced displacement are in descending order for c‐domains of the M, R, and T phases. For an individual phase of T or M, the displacement increases when the angle between the polarization vector and the applied electric field decreases. The multi‐scale perspective of the domain structures and the corresponding piezoelectric response helps in understanding the ultra‐high piezoelectric performance for PMN‐PT single crystals near MPB.
Randomized control trial of adenoma detection rate in Endocuff‐assisted colonoscopy versus transparent hood‐assisted colonoscopy
Authors: Imaeda Hiroyuki , Yamaoka Minoru , Ohgo Hideki , Soma Hiromitsu , Ashitani Keigo , Miyaguchi Kazuya , Tsuzuki Yoshikazu , Hosoe Naoki , Nakamoto Hidetomo 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackground and AimTransparent hood‐assisted colonoscopy (TAC) has been reported to improve the cecal insertion rate and adenoma detection rate (ADR). An endoscopic cap (Endocuff) with two rows of soft wings was recently developed to improve ADR, by flattening the mucosal folds during withdrawal. This randomized prospective control study aimed to compare ADR between Endocuff‐assisted colonoscopy (EAC) and TAC.MethodsA total of 513 patients undergoing colon adenoma screening were included. EAC was performed in 256 patients and TAC in 260 patients. Cecal intubation rate, cecal intubation time, ADR, and mean adenoma number per patient (MAP) were investigated in both groups (clinical trial registration: UMIN000016278).ResultsWe excluded six patients in the EAC group and two patients in the TAC group because of colonic stenosis due to colonic adenocarcinomas. Finally, 250 patients (151 men/99 women, median age 62.1 years) were assigned to EAC and 258 patients (165 men/93 women, median age 64.3 years) were assigned to TAC. There were no significant differences in cecal intubation rate, intubation time, withdrawal time, and cleanliness score between groups. The ADR was 50.8% in EAC and 52.7% in TAC, with no significant difference (P = 0.666). The MAP was 1.35 in EAC and 1.20 in TAC, with no significant difference (P = 0.126). However, The MAP of diminutive adenomas (< 5 mm) tended to be higher in EAC than in TAC (P = 0.077). There was no significant difference in MAP in each segment between groups.ConclusionsEndocuff‐assisted colonoscopy might be equivalent to TAC in cecal intubation time, ADR, and MAP.