bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Clinical and Morphological Characteristics of Amyloidosis of the Stomach and Duodenum
Authors: Gioeva Z. V. , Mikhaleva L. M. 
Published: April 2019

The aimof the study was to investigate specific clinical and morphological characteristics in biopsy specimens of the stomach and duodenum using immunohistochemical typing.Material and methods.Biopsy specimens – 19 from the stomach and 22 from the duodenum were examined. The specimens were obtained from 27 patients with later pathomorphologically verified amyloidosis. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution, processed with the standard technique of histological tissue making and embedded into paraffin blocks. The tissue sections were stained with H&E and congo red. A broad panel of antibodies to different types of amyloidosis was used for immunohistochemical typing of amyloid deposits.Results.In total, 41 biopsy specimen of the gastric and duodenal amyloidosis was examined. Histological findings included interstitial and vascular amyloid deposits in stomach and duodenum. Based on the results of immunohistochemical typing of 19 gastric biopsy specimens, ALλ amyloidosis was found in 7 cases, AAamyloidosis – in 6, ALλ amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis – in 2 cases each, and mixed type – in 2 biopsy specimens. Among biopsy specimens of the duodenum, ALκ – amyloidosis was diagnosed in 10 cases, AAamyloidosis – in 5, ALλ amyloidosis – in 4, transthyretin amyloidosis – in 2, and mixed type – in one biopsy specimen.Conclusion.Based on the study results, ALκ- and AA-amyloidosis were the most frequent amyloidosis types in the gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens. Immunohistochemical typing was successful in all cases, thus proving that the selected method was adequate for amyloidosis diagnostics.
Pharmacological Correction of Experimental Acute Toxic Hepatitis
Authors: Myazin R. G. , Snigur G. L. , Emel'yanov D. N. , Chernyshova M. V. 
Published: April 2019

The aim of study was to develop new methods of treatment of acute toxic hepatitis. To achieve this objective, the authors investigated dynamics of pathological changes in the hepatic tissue under acute intoxication followed by the pharmacological correction with sodium hypochlorite.Material and methods. The study included 45 male rats that were subjected to the experimental simulation of acute toxic hepatosis. Group 1 included intact animals; group 2 included animals that were intragastrically administered allyl alcohol resulting in acute toxic hepatosis; group 3 included rats with acute toxic hepatosis caused by allyl alcohol introduction that was corrected by sodium hypochlorite; group 4 included animals with acute toxic hepatosis corrected by essentiale N; group 5 included animals with acute toxic hepatosis corrected by the combined application of sodium hypochlorite and essentiale N. On the 6th day the animals were removed from the experiment with the followed histological examination of the hepatic tissue.Results. The introduction of allyl alcohol was accompanied by significant changes in hepatocytes expressed by dystrophic, necrotic processes and circulatory disorders of the hepatic lobules. Pharmacological correction by sodium hypochlorite, essential H, or their combination did not result in the complete histological recovery of hepatocytes; however, the degree of fatty degeneration decreased significantly under the influence of sodium hypochlorite or its combination with essentiale N.Conclusions. The application of sodium hypochlorite as a monotherapy or in combination with essential N in acute toxic hepatitis has allowed to relieve the severity of fatty liver disease. 0.03% solution of sodium hypochlorite can be effective as both - an independent method for treating acute toxic hepatitis, and in combination with other hepatoprotectors.
Characteristics of the Population of the Rat Thymus CD68+ Cells in Response to Tautomeric Forms of Magnesium Orotate Introduction under Simulated Magnesium Deficiency
Authors: Chuchkova N. N. , Tukmachova K. A. , Smetanina M. V. , Kanunnikova O. M. , Sergeev V. G. , Chuchkov V. M. , Kormilina N. V. 
Published: April 2019

he aim of study was to identify a response of the thymus CD68+ cells population to the introduction of tautomeric forms of magnesium orotate under magnesium deficiency.Material and methods. Magnesium-deficient status in rats was simulated by furosemide loading (30 mg/kg 14 days); then the animals were injected magnesium orotate in the initial oxo-form (Magnerot©, Vervag, Germany) and hydroxy-form obtained by mechanical activation, dosage 50 mg/kg, for 14 days., The density of thymocytes and macrophages was calculated in the subcapsular zone, cortex and brain matter (stained with hematoxylin and eosin) in the thymus, macrophages were studied immunohistochemically using monoclonal CD68 antibodies (Clone PG-M1).Results. The oxo-form of the drug was shown to lead to an increase in the number of CD68+ cells in the cortex of thymus (1.7 compared with the control) and medulla of thymus (2.3 times), an increase in the intensity of immunofluorescence (22.5%), the appearance of the thymus lobule of large CD68+cells in the cortex and the medulla part with a clearly traced intracellular localization of granules. The introduction of mechanically activated hydroxyl-form was accompanied by an increase in the number of CD68+ macrophages in the cortical area (1.5 times), and cortico-medullary partition (in 1.4 times), but did not affect the cerebral area of the thymus. The overall intensity of fluorescent staining reduced to 27.87±2.2 relative units (RU).Conclusion. The tautomeric forms of magnesium orotate have a diverse effect on the macrophage population of the thymus: the introduction of the oxo-form is accompanied by a significant activating effect on the CD68+macrophages in contrast to the hydroxyl form having a moderate modulating effect.
Farklı desensitizerlerin dentin tübüllerine etkisinin incelenmesi: in vitro taramalı elektron mikroskop analizi
Authors: Nazım Çise , Taner İbrahim Levent 
Published: April 2019

Amaç:
Bu in vitro çalışmanın amacı Siyanoakrilat (Periacryl) ve tetra-kalsiyum fosfat
ve dikalsiyum fosfat içerikli desensitizerin (Teethmate) kombine ve tekli uygulamalarının
kalıcılığının ve dentin tübüllerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Gömülü 20 yaş dişlerinden 140 dentin preparatı elde edilmiştir. Preparatlar 7
gruba ayrılmıştır (n=20). Hiçbir uygulama yapılmayan preparatlar “K” kontrol, %6
sitrik asitte 1 dk. bekletilenler PS ( Periacryl ) TS (Teethmate ) PTS(kombine uygulama) ; 24
saat yapay tükürükte bekletilenler TY (Teethmate ) PY (Periacryl ) PTY (kombine
uygulama ) olarak gruplanmıştır. Uygulama tamamlandığında preparatlar SEM
cihazı kullanılarak morfolojik yapıları, açık dentin tübül alanları ve açık
dentin tübül çapları açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular:
Açık dentin tübüllerinin alanı kontrol grubuna kıyasla PS, PY, PTS ve PTY
gruplarında azalmıştır (p&gt;0,05). Numunelerdeki açık dentin tübül çap
ortalamaları kontrol grubuna göre PS, PY, PTY, PTS ve TY gruplarında anlamlı
derecede azalmıştır (p&gt;0,05) . Sitrik asit uygulanan gruplarda istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir farklılık yokken yapay tükürük uygulanan gruplarda açık
dentin tübül çap ortalaması, PTY grubunda TY grubundan istatistiksel olarak
anlamlı derecede küçüktür (p&gt;0,05) .

Sonuç:
Periacryl dentin hassasiyet tedavisinde kullanılabilecek bir preparat olmakla birlikte
kombine kullanımda Teethmate ’in kalıcılığını arttırmaktadır.
Efficacy of Imaging Modalities Assessing Fatty Infiltration in Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Tenbrunsel Troy N. , Whaley James D. , Golchian David , Malone Danielle L. , Lima Diego J.L. , Sabesan Vani J. 
Published: April 2019

Background:
Fatty atrophy is a diagnosis characterized by the combination of fatty infiltration and muscle atrophy of the rotator cuff. Studies have shown a strong positive correlation between the level of fatty infiltration and the risk of experiencing a chronic rotator cuff tear. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to review the current literature on radiographic imaging of fatty infiltration and fatty atrophy to better aid surgeons in predicting functional outcome and to help guide patient decisions.

Methods:
We conducted a literature search in PubMed. The exact search queries included “rotator cuff” in the MeSH Terms field; “fatty atrophy,” fatty infiltration,” and “fatty muscle degeneration” in the Title/Abstract field; and various combinations of these searches. We initially found 184 articles using these keywords, including both human and animal studies. The 25 animal studies were excluded, leaving 159 articles. The abstracts of all remaining articles were reviewed and selected on the basis of our inclusion criteria of focusing on patients with rotator cuff tears (preoperatively and postoperatively), fatty infiltration, fatty atrophy, and imaging modalities. We excluded an additional 127 articles, leaving 32 articles that were selected for the final review and inclusion in this study.

Results:
Among 45 shoulder specialists across different studies, interrater agreement for Goutallier staging with use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ranged from 0.24 to 0.82 and intrarater agreement for supraspinatus fatty changes ranged from 0.34 to 0.89. Our review also showed strong positive correlations when assessing the severity of fatty atrophy of the rotator cuff between MRI and ultrasound or ultrasound modalities such as sonoelastography.

Conclusions:
Increasing fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff is associated with greater repair failure rates and hence poorer overall clinical outcomes. MRI remains the gold standard for the imaging of rotator cuff tears and postoperative healing. Ultrasound can decrease health-care expenditures associated with the assessment of repair integrity postoperatively, although ultrasound is not as precise and has some limitations compared with MRI.
A New Modelling Approach to Simulate CO2 Movement and Containment Coupled With Geochemical Reactions and Geomechanical Effects for an Offshore CO2 Storage in Malaysia
Authors: Yong Wen Pin , Azahree Ahmad Ismail , M Ali Siti Syareena , Jaafar Azuddin Farhana , M Amin Sharidah 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
This paper presents a two-way coupled modelling approach to simulate CO2 movement and containment with geochemical reactions and geomechanical effects. CO2storage simulation studies cover three main disciplines, reservoir engineering, geochemistry and geomechanics. This new approach of coupled modelling simulation, by simultaneously simulate both effects of geochemistry and geomechanics, is considered as a more representative and better predictive modelling practice.
The integration of geochemistry and geomechanics effects is important for CO2 sequestration modelling. There are a number of published studies on coupled modelling for CO2 storage. However, the majority of the studies has only covered dynamic-geomechanics or dynamic-geochemistry interaction, without considering any direct geomechanics-geochemistry interaction in a reservoir condition. It is crucial to understand the integrated effects when injected CO2 dissolves into formation water and interacts with formation rock. Depending on in-situ conditions, the formation water with dissolved CO2 could weak or strengthen the formation stress due to geochemical reactions of formation minerals. Therefore, coupled modelling is needed to ensure the long-term safetyof CO2containment at a CO2 storage site with the interactions among geomechanical, geochemical and dynamic fluid flow, and especially to understand the slow and not experimentally accessible mineral reactions.
In this paper, a high CO2 content gas field in Malaysia with high temperature (~150°C) and high pressure (~350 bar) has been studied using integrated coupled modelling approach. The simulation input parameters are first investigated and collected from literature and laboratory studies. A two-way coupled modelling simulation with the consideration of geochemistry and geomechanics effects is desirable because it allows the updates of reservoir properties back and forth in every time step. Different CO2trapping mechanisms, long term fate analysis, subsidence and heaving analysis, and changes of porosity and permeability are investigated. The time frame of simulation studies consists of CO2 injection period (15 years) and post CO2 injection period (500 years).
During the first 15 years of CO2 injection, 95% of injected CO2 is structurally trapped, 4% of CO2is soluted in formation water and 1% is trapped by mineralization. About 0.04m of heaving is observed at the injection area while about 0.05m of subsidence is observed at the production area. In the investigation of long-term CO2fate, it is observed that CO2 gas will be trapped between the lighter hydrocarbon gas layer and aquifer due to density difference.
Microstructural Imaging and Characterization of Organic Matter Presented in Carbonate Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Ivanova Anastasia , Orlov Denis , Mitiurev Nikolai , Cheremisin Alexey , Khayrullin Marsel , Zhirov Alexey , Afanasiev Igor , Sansiev Georgy 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
More than a half of world's hydrocarbon reserves is presented in carbonate reservoirs. Conventional waterflooding leads to inefficient oil recovery from these reservoirs, because majority of them have mixed or oil-wet wetting properties. It is well documented in literature, that the main reason of oil wetness of carbonate rocks is adsorbed components from crude oil. Although progress has been made in determination of oil components, which have a tendency to react with carbonates, carbonate reservoirs development still remains challenging. Hence, in this study we investigated the distribution of adsorbed oil components on rock surfaces in order to define their influence on fluids flow through porous carbonate samples.
This work presents the results for several carbonate core samples taken from the oil zone of an oil reservoir, which mostly consist of calcite with the small impurities of magnesite and quartz. The work provides the standard study of pore structure of samples to assess the solvents influence on pore network of samples using μCT; the method of evaluation of the amount of organic matter adsorbed on calcite using Rock - Eval pyrolysis; the visualization of such matter distribution through samples; and also the results of kinetics experiments in order to evaluate the bond disruption energy between organic matter and surface. Studies have shown that combination of pyrolysis and μCT provides comprehensive and improved data about organic matter.
Evaluation of Miscible CO2 WAG/Sandstone Interactions: Emphasis on the Effect of Permeability Heterogeneity and Clay Mineral Content
Authors: Al-Bayati Duraid , Saeedi Ali , Ghasemi Mohsen , Arjomand Eghan , Myers Mathew , White Cameron , Xie Quan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection has been identified as an important means to achieve hydrocarbon reservoir potential whilst mitigating the greenhouse gas effect. CO2 injection into depleted oil reservoirs is very often accompanied by chemical interactions between the formation rock and in situ formed solute. Sandstone formations were expected to contain less reactive minerals in their composition, compared with carbonate counterparts. However, the evolution of petrophysical parameters may change due to different clay content in different sandstone rocks. In this manuscript, we evaluate possible petrophysical parameter evolution in layered sandstone core sample during miscible CO2 water alternating gas (WAG) injection. The stratified core sample is composed of two axially split half sandstone plugs each with different permeability. Grey Berea, Bandera Brown, and Kirby sandstone were used to represent low, moderate and high clay content, respectively. Core flooding experiments were conducted using CO2, brine (7 wt % NaCl + 5 wt % KCl + 5 wt % CaCl2.2H2O) and n-C10 at a temperature and pressure of 343 K and 17.23 MPa, respectively. Porosity and pore size distribution of the samples were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) before and after flooding. In addition, a high-resolution medical X-ray computed tomography (XCT) scanner was used to detect any change in pores along the core sample.
The results showed a reasonable increase in the post-flood porosity about 1.0% as a maximum. The results also revealed that the changes in porosity are correlated reasonably with the clay minerals amount in the sample (i.e. higher clay mineral amount leads to higher evolution). The X-ray CT images and NMR results confirmed changes in pore spaces and pore size distribution across the core sample. These changes possibly attributed to clay minerals migration which released by mineral dissolution and subsequent pore throat plugging. NMR results also revealed that the larger the pore size, accompanied by high clay mineral amount, the higher the evolution. This may be attributed to the higher contact surfaces at these pores with the injected CO2 (in-situ formed carbonic brine).
Our results provide insight into how clay content may affect CO2/sandstone reaction in the presence of permeability/mineralogy heterogeneity. In addition, it highlights the control of clay content on rock petrophysical parameter evolution, thus its significance in modelling CO2 injection in sandstone reservoirs.
Applicability of Models for Liquid Loading Prediction in Gas Wells
Authors: Vieira Cleide , Stanko Milan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Liquid loading phenomenon is known as the inability of the produced gas to carry all the co-produced liquid to the surface. Under such condition, the non-removed liquid accumulates at the wellbore resulting in reduction of the production and sometimes cause the death of the well. Several studies were carried out and correlation were developed based on field and experimental data with the aim to predict the onset of liquid loading in a gas well. However, each model provides different indication on the critical gas velocity at which the liquid loading exists. Thus, to have a clear understanding on the difference between most used models, experiments were performed in an upward inclinable pipe section. The 60-mm diameter test pipe was positioned at angles of 30°, 45° and 60° from horizontal. The fluids used were air and light oil. Measurements include fluid velocities and fluid reversal point. High-speed video cameras were used to record the flow conditions in which the onset of liquid loading initiated. Experimental results were compared with existing models by Turner et al. (1969), Barnea (1986), Belfroid et al. (2008), Luo et al. (2014), Shekhar et al. (2017) and with a commercial dynamic multiphase flow simulator from SPT-Group (OLGA2017.1.0®). Prediction using the liquid film models presented acceptable agreement with experimental.
A 3-D Analytical Model for Multi-Stage Fractured Shale Gas Reservoirs with Damaged Fractures
Authors: Zeng Jie , Li Wai , Liu Jishan , Leong Yee-Kwong , Elsworth Derek , Tian Jianwei , Guo Jianchun 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
After performing hydraulic fracturing treatments in shale reservoirs, the hydraulic fractures and their adjacent reservoir rocks can be damaged. Typically, the following fracture damage scenarios may occur: (1) choked fractures with near-wellbore damage; (2) partially propped fractures with unpropped or poorly propped sections within the fractures; (3) fracture face damage; and (4) multiple damage cases. The basic equations of fracture skin factors, which are widely used to depict fracture damage, are derived under steady-state conditions. They are not accurate when the damaged length is relatively long and are not applicable for multiple fracture damage and partially propped fractures. In this paper, a new composite linear flow model is established considering all above-mentioned fracture damage mechanisms, complex gas transport mechanisms, and the stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) of shale gas reservoirs.
The matrix model is modified from de Swaan-O's spherical element model considering the slip flow, Knudsen diffusion, surface diffusion, and desorption. Natural fractures are idealized as a thin layer that evenly covers the matrix. The reservoir-fracture flow model is extended from the seven-region linear flow model with four additional sub-regions to handle single and multiple fracture damage mechanisms. Specifically, the inner reservoir region near the primary hydraulic fracture is treated as the SRV where the secondary fracture permeability is higher than that of other unstimulated dual-porosity regions and obeys a power-law decreasing trend due to the attenuate stimulation intensity within the SRV. The flows in different regions are coupled through flux and pressure continuity conditions at their interfaces.
This model is validated by matching with the Marcellus Shale production data. And the degraded model's calculation matches well with that of the seven-region linear flow model validated by KAPPA software. Type curves with five typical flow regimes are generated and sensitivity analyses are conducted. Results indicate that the presence of the SRV diminishes pressure and derivative values in certain flow regimes depending on the SRV properties. Fracture face damage, choked fracture damage, and partially propped fractures all control specific flow regimes but the fracture face damage shows the smallest influence, only dominating the late fracture linear flow regime and the matrix-fracture transient regime. In the multiple fracture damage case, some typical flow regimes can be easily identified except the partially propped fractures. The field application example further ensures the applicability in dealing with real field data.
Extended Walsh-Towler Algorithm to Compute Black Oil PVT Properties for Volatile Oil Reservoir Fluids
Authors: Almeida Jaime Juan 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Walsh and Towler in 1995 presented an algorithm to calculate the modified Black-Oil PVT properties (Bo, Rs, Bg and Rv) of gas condensate reservoir fluids using the experimental data from the Constant Volume Depletion (CVD) test combined with the recovery calculations provided by commercial PVT laboratory reports as part of the PVT study. The purpose of the proposed algorithm is to extend the Walsh and Towler method to volatile oil reservoirs fluids.
Walsh-Towler algorithm requires as input parameters the gas compressibility factor, the two- phase compressibility factor, the cumulative produced gas, the cumulative produced oil, the volume fraction of liquid condensate, at each pressure depletion stage of the CVD experiment and the initial gas compressibility factor (Zi). The algorithm requires the initial gas compressibility factor (Zi) to calculate the initial moles of hydrocarbon at the saturation pressure, to calculate the remaining mole fraction of gas at each pressure stage as a fraction of the total moles initially present at the saturation pressure and, combined with the two-phase compressibility factor, for the calculation of the total moles of gas and liquid remaining after each stage of depletion.
For volatile oil samples, the initial gas compressibility factor (Zi) is undefined; to overcome this limitation a modified algorithm is proposed that replaces the use of the two-phase compressibility factor by the wellstream produced cumulative from the CVD experiment where the initial gas compressibility factor, for volatile oil, is not required.
The proposed algorithm can be applied to calculate the Black-Oil PVT properties (Bo, Rs, Bg and Rv) for both Gas condensate and Volatile oil reservoir fluids.
The common practice to calculate the black-oil PVT model is by calibrating an Equation of State and export the modified black-oil PVT properties for both gas condensate and volatile oil reservoir fluids. Walsh and Towler presented a valuable tool, that not requires the use of a calibrated EOS, to calculate the black-oil PVT properties for gas condensate. The proposed algorithm extends the method to volatile oil reservoir fluids. The proposed algorithm is rigorous, direct and simple to use and can be applied to both gas condensate and volatile oil.