bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of moderate pump–Stokes chirp on femtosecond coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering spectra
Authors: Gu Mingming , Satija Aman , Lucht Robert P. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effects of inducing moderate chirp in the pump and Stokes beams in chirped‐probe‐pulse femtosecond coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy are discussed. This is an important issue for measurements in high‐pressure systems where the CARS beams must be transmitted through glass of significant thickness to reach the probe volume of interest. The effects were investigated both experimentally, by inserting disks of SF‐11 glass into the pump and Stokes beam paths, and theoretically, by incorporating pulse chirp into our time‐dependent density matrix (TDDM) simulations. Experimentally, we found that inducing moderate pump and Stokes chirp produced significant spectral narrowing of the nonresonant four‐wave mixing contribution to the CARS signal, and this allowed us to control the resonant excitation bandwidth to eliminate interferences from neighboring species. The temperature measurement accuracy and precision were essentially unchanged with respect to the unchirped pump and Stokes case. The effect of moderate pump and Stokes chirp on the narrowing of the Raman excitation efficiency envelope was investigated by solving the full set of TDDM through direct numerical integration. The numerical efficiency of the solutions was enhanced dramatically by developing a parallel version of the TDDM code. The calculated Raman excitation efficiency profile was incorporated in our phenomenological spectral fitting codes.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Low‐Income Adolescents Experiencing Family–Neighborhood Income Disparities
Authors: Carbone Jason T. , Holzer Katherine J. , Vaughn Michael G. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractCertain neighborhood factors may increase the risk of exposure to trauma, therefore increasing the risk of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Other aspects of neighborhoods can be protective, such as neighborhood‐based social relationships, which provide social support that buffers the risk of developing PTSD. The strength of these social relationships may not be as dependent on neighborhood conditions as much as they are contingent on socioeconomic similarities between neighborhood residents. Using a nationally representative sample of hospital emergency department admissions in the United States (N = 13,669,251), this study hypothesized that an interaction between family‐level income and neighborhood‐level income would be associated with adolescent PTSD. The results show that female adolescents who resided in the highest income areas were 1.39 times more likely, 95% CI [1.09, 1.77], to be diagnosed with PTSD than those who lived in the lowest income areas. This association was not statistically significant for male adolescents. Additionally, low‐income female youth were nearly one‐third more likely than their non–low‐income counterparts to be diagnosed, odds ratio (OR) = 1.29, 95% CI [1.12, 1.48], whereas low‐income male youth were nearly twice as likely than their non–low‐income counterparts to be diagnosed, OR = 1.95, 95% CI [1.62, 2.34]. Furthermore, there was an interaction among both male and female adolescents such that lower‐income adolescents living in higher‐income areas had higher odds of a PTSD diagnosis compared to their higher‐income peers in areas that were in the same median household income quartile.
Laser Therapy of Traumatic and Surgical Scars and an Algorithm for Their Treatment
Authors: Kauvar Arielle N.B. , Kubicki Shelby L. , Suggs Amanda K. , Friedman Paul M. 
Published: October 2019

Background and ObjectivesThis paper describes the laser techniques available for the treatment of surgical and trauma scars and develops recommendations for an algorithmic‐based treatment approach based on extensive clinical experience and published data.Study Design/Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the literature regarding laser treatment of surgical and traumatic scars and incorporated the clinical experience of the authors to develop an algorithm for the treatment of surgical and trauma scars.ResultsIn order to develop treatment recommendations, scars were differentiated based on their clinical characteristics. Specific scar characteristics aid in determining the appropriate treatment strategy for different types of complex surgical and trauma scars.ConclusionLaser therapy is first‐line therapy for traumatic and surgical scars. The treatment approach should be guided by scar characteristics (e.g., anatomic location, type of injury, color, thickness, tension, scar age, and activity) and involves choosing the appropriate laser type and determining the benefit of combination therapy with surgical and nonsurgical treatment modalities to optimize treatment responses. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dielectric Properties of γ‐Iirradiated, Stretched, and Poled PVDF Thin Films
Authors: Madivalappa Shivaraj , Jali Vivekanand M. , Jain Anjana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe effects of γ‐irradiation on the dielectric properties of stretched and poled polyvinylidene fluoride thin films synthesized by solvent cast method are reported. The films are subjected to γ‐irradiation with different doses (25, 50, and 75 kGy). XRD pattern is obtained to identify the presence of α/β phases. Dielectric constant and loss values of the stretched and poled films have been measured, before and after irradiation, and their nature of variation has been studied. β phase is retained even after the irradiation thereby confirming that the radiation damage is not significant. The dielectric loss is minimum in the frequency range 102 to104 Hz, giving the preferable frequency range of operation for devices
AC Impedance Study of PMMA‐LiNO3 Electrolyte
Authors: Shamrao Patil Vilas , Vithya K. , Premalatha M. , Sundaresan Balakrishnan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSolid polymer electrolyte (SPE) film, based on poly(methyl methacrylate)‐PMMA complexed with lithium nitrate (LiNO3), has been developed by solution casting method. AC impedance spectroscopy technique has been employed to study the ionic conductivity of the complex. Also, the effect of addition of nano Al2O3 particles on the ionic conductivity of the complex is studied.
An Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines in Glycerol–Water Medium: Assessment by Green Chemistry Metrics
Authors: Jamale Dattatraya K. , Gurame Vashishtha M. , Valekar Navanath J. , Hangirgekar Shankar P. , Kolekar Govind B. , Anbhule Prashant V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA clean and ecofriendly approach for the catalyst‐free synthesis of pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives by one‐pot three‐component condensation of aromatic aldehyde, malononitrile and 6‐aminouracil or 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil using glycerol–water (3:1) as green reaction media has been developed. Catalyst‐free synthesis with high to excellent yields and use of glycerol–water system as an environmentally benign reaction condition are the prominent features of this strategy. Moreover, excellent outcomes from the calculations of green chemistry metrics reveal the greenness of the protocol.
An Investigation of Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer between Tryptophan and Quinine Sulphate
Authors: Mahanwar Sunanda T. , Patil Shilpa R. , Naik Vaibhav M. , Wakshe Saubai B. , Anbhule Prashant V. , Kolekar Govind B. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between tryptophan (Trp) and quinine sulphate (QS) has been investigated in aqueous medium at room temperature by absorption, emission, and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Absorbance spectral characteristics rule out the possibility of ground state complex formation between them. Time resolved decay indicates dynamic type of quenching. Saturation of efficiency of energy transfer reveals the existence of FRET. Efficiency of energy transfer and distance between donor and acceptor pair were determined according to Förster's non radiative energy transfer theory.
Thermal and Frequency Variation of Permeability for Samarium–Dysprosium–Magnesium Ferrite
Authors: Kumbhar R. N. , Shinde T. J. , Ghodake Jeevan S. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSamarium–dysprosium–magnesium ferrite materials have been prepared by chemical combustion method. The effect of samarium–dysprosium rare earth ions on loss factor, real and imaginary part of permeability has been studied for Mg[(Sm)0.6(Dy)0.4]xFe2−xO4 (x = 0.01 and x = 0.03) ferrite materials with temperature and frequency by using a Hioki LCR‐Q meter. From thermal variation of loss factor of prepared ferrite materials, it is revealed that ferrite must be used below Curie temperature for low loss factor. The real part of initial permeability initially increases with frequency and for higher frequency its value almost remains constant. The loss factor and an imaginary part of permeability of the ferrite materials decreases with increasing frequency.
Automatic classification of lung nodule candidates based on a novel 3D convolution network and knowledge transferred from a 2D network
Authors: Zuo Wangxia , Zhou Fuqiang , He Yuzhu , Li Xiaosong 
Published: October 2019

ObjectiveIn the automatic lung nodule detection system, the authenticity of a large number of nodule candidates needs to be judged, which is a classification task. However, the variable shapes and sizes of the lung nodules have posed a great challenge to the classification of candidates. To solve this problem, we propose a method for classifying nodule candidates through three‐dimensional (3D) convolution neural network (ConvNet) model which is trained by transferring knowledge from a multiresolution two‐dimensional (2D) ConvNet model.MethodsIn this scheme, a novel 3D ConvNet model is preweighted with the weights of the trained 2D ConvNet model, and then the 3D ConvNet model is trained with 3D image volumes. In this way, the knowledge transfer method can make 3D network easier to converge and make full use of the spatial information of nodules with different sizes and shapes to improve the classification accuracy.ResultsThe experimental results on 551 065 pulmonary nodule candidates in the LUNA16 dataset show that our method gains a competitive average score in the false‐positive reduction track in lung nodule detection, with the sensitivities of 0.619 and 0.642 at 0.125 and 0.25 FPs per scan, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed method can maintain satisfactory classification accuracy even when the false‐positive rate is extremely small in the face of nodules of different sizes and shapes. Moreover, as a transfer learning idea, the method to transfer knowledge from 2D ConvNet to 3D ConvNet is the first attempt to carry out full migration of parameters of various layers including convolution layers, full connection layers, and classifier between different dimensional models, which is more conducive to utilizing the existing 2D ConvNet resources and generalizing transfer learning schemes.
Predicting high‐intensity focused ultrasound thalamotomy lesions using 2D magnetic resonance thermometry and 3D Gaussian modeling
Authors: Seasons Graham M. , Mazerolle Erin L. , Sankar Tejas , Martino Davide , Kiss Zelma H. T. , Pichardo Samuel , Pike G. Bruce 
Published: October 2019

PurposeTo develop a method of using two‐dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance thermometry, and three‐dimensional (3D) Gaussian modeling to predict the volume, shape, and location of 1 day postoperative T1w high‐intensity focused ultrasound lesions in medication refractory tremor patients; thereby facilitating a better comprehension of thermal damage thresholds, which can be utilized to reduce adverse events, and improve patient outcome.MethodsFifteen patients underwent magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy, which was performed at our center using an InSightec ExAblate 4000 system (Haifa, Israel), and guided by magnetic resonance imaging using a 3 T Discovery 750 (General Electric Healthcare, Waukesha, WI, USA). For treatment monitoring, 2D MR thermometry (temperature sensitivity: −0.00909 ppm/°C, bandwidth: 279 Hz/pixel) was performed in multiple orthogonal planes (sagittal, coronal, and axial) intraoperatively. These images were temporally filtered using a general linear model approach to reduce noise. Temporal volumes of filtered temperature maps with a peak temperature 47°C were aligned and fitted with a 3D Gaussian to create a canonical heating model. We then fitted the filtered 2D temperature maps with a 3D Gaussian, and used the relationships derived from the 3D heating model to estimate the 3D temperature distribution. These temperature distributions were converted into thermal dose distributions and accumulated across time to create an accumulated thermal dose (ATD) profile. Thresholded ATD profiles were then correlated with manually traced T1‐weighted 1 day postoperative lesion volumes across patients, and linear regression slopes were plotted against varying ATD thresholds. Additionally, the Dice–Sørensen coefficient (DSC) was calculated to quantify the volumetric overlap between predicted, and actual lesions.ResultsOn average, 18.1 (standard deviation (SD): ±4.6, range: 10–29) sonications were performed with an average peak temperature achieved of 62.4°C (SD: ±2.4, range: 58.2–67.7). An ATD threshold of 35.8 CEM43 was found to give a unity linear regression slope; this corresponded to an average DSC of 0.689 (SD: ±0.090, range: 0.476–0.815).ConclusionsUsing multiplanar 2D MR thermometry and 3D Gaussian modeling, we were able to achieve very good (DSC = 0.689) predictions of T1w 1 day postoperative lesion volume, shape and location at an ATD threshold of approximately 36 CEM43. Furthermore, this method has the potential to be used in clinical evaluations to further elucidate the relationship between thermal damage and clinical outcome. Accurate 3D lesion prediction will facilitate improved clinical decision making in future MRgFUS thalamotomies.
Verification of a method to detect glass microspheres via micro‐CT
Authors: Crookston Nathan R. , Pasciak Alexander S. , Abiola Godwin , Donahue Danielle , Weiss Clifford R. , Frey Eric C. 
Published: October 2019

IntroductionThe ability to determine the microscopic distribution of glass microspheres in 90Y radioembolization has important applications in post‐treatment microdosimetry and cluster analysis. Current methods are time‐intensive and labor‐intensive and thus are typically only applied to small samples.Materials and methodsA high‐resolution micro‐CT image with a voxel size of 8.74 µm was acquired of phantoms containing ~25 µm‐diameter glass microspheres embedded in tissue‐equivalent materials that were optically transparent, which allowed true microsphere locations to be determined using transmission light microscopy. A 3‐stage algorithm was developed to estimate the number and locations of microspheres in tissue regions. The stages are thresholding the CT image and discarding regions with insufficient voxels, estimating the number of microspheres in each region using the values of the detected and neighboring region voxels and estimating locations for each microsphere using the outputs of the previous two stages. Two different methods for estimating the number of microspheres in each region were derived, as were five methods for localizing microspheres. Metrics for each stage were computed, and the mean absolute error (MAE) between the dose to 72 µm voxels of the true and estimated dose maps created from the microsphere locations was used as the figure of merit for overall algorithm performance. Microsphere locations identified in the optical micrograph were used as the gold standard for the metrics of all stages. The method’s utility was then demonstrated using a specimen from a human neuroendocrine tumor (NET) treated with glass 90Y microspheres.ResultsThe stage detecting regions containing microspheres found 100% of microspheres inside regions. The number of incorrectly detected regions without microspheres was 1.5% of the total number of regions. In stage 2, with these parameters, nearly 94% of the actual number of spheres in each region was correctly counted, and only 5% of the estimated sphere quantities in each region were false positives. The MAE between the true dose maps and dose maps estimated using the full algorithm with optimal parameter and method choices was 4.2%. A total of 5,713 glass microspheres were identified as being distributed heterogeneously in the NET specimen with a maximum tumor dose of >2500 Gy and 46% of the specimen receiving <20 Gy.ConclusionsThis work developed and evaluated a method to detect and estimate the three‐dimensional locations of glass microspheres in whole tissue samples that require less manual effort than traditional methods. This method could be used to gain important insights into the heterogeneity of microsphere distributions that would be useful for improving radioembolization treatment planning.
Long‐term edaravone efficacy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Post‐hoc analyses of Study 19 (MCI186‐19)
Authors: Shefner Jeremy , Heiman‐Patterson Terry , Pioro Erik P. , Wiedau‐Pazos Martina , Liu Shawn , Zhang Jeffrey , Agnese Wendy , Apple Stephen 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBackgroundIn a Phase 3 study, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients experienced significantly less physical functional decline with 24‐week edaravone vs placebo, followed by open‐label treatment for an additional 24 weeks.MethodsOutcome (the change in ALS Functional Rating Scale–Revised, ALSFRS‐R, from baseline) was projected for placebo patients through 48 weeks and compared with 48‐week edaravone or 24‐week edaravone after switching from placebo.ResultsA total of 123 patients received open‐label treatment (65 edaravone‐edaravone; 58 placebo‐edaravone). The projected ALSFRS‐R decline for placebo from baseline through week 48 was greater than for 48‐week edaravone (P < .0001). For patients switching from placebo to edaravone, ALSFRS‐R slope approached that of continued edaravone for 48 weeks. ALSFRS‐R decline did not differ between actual and projected edaravone through week 48.ConclusionsCompared with placebo, these analyses suggest that edaravone is beneficial in ALS patients even after 6 mo of receiving placebo, and efficacy is maintained for up to 1 year.
Acceptability assessment of school psychology interventions from 2005 to 2017
Authors: Silva Meghan R. , Collier‐Meek Melissa A. , Codding Robin S. , DeFouw Emily R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRecommendations from multiple professional organizations (e.g., American Psychological Association, Council for Exceptional Children, National Association of School Psychologists) suggest that collection of data on the social validity in practice and research is necessary. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the inclusion of acceptability measurement, which has been one of the most common way to measure social validity, within the intervention literature published across five school psychology journals between 2005 and 2017. Findings suggested just over one third of intervention studies included acceptability assessment. Intervention studies that were delivered individually, targeted behavior skills, and included treatment integrity data were significantly more likely to include acceptability assessment. When acceptability was measured it was typically evaluated one‐time following treatment completion using self‐report tools completed by teachers. Nearly half of studies employed one of seven published tools and the remaining half used researcher‐created measures. The published tools were adapted in a variety of ways and inconsistently reported either item or total scores making it difficult to summarize these data according to intervention target or delivery format. Implications of findings are described.
Susceptibility to peer influence during middle school: Links with social support, peer harassment, and gender
Authors: Goldstein Sara E. , Lee Chih‐Yuan Steven , Gunn John F. , Bradley Shaniqua , Lummer Shannon , Boxer Paul 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe present study explores concurrent relations between social support, gender, susceptibility to peer influence, and peer‐based aggression and harassment in a socioeconomically and racially diverse sample of 774 seventh and eighth grade students. Results indicate that students perceiving lower support from their family or school were relatively more likely to be highly susceptible to peer influence, and to have friends who they believed were also highly susceptible to peer influence. Further, higher susceptibility to peer influence was associated with increased involvement in relational aggression and sexual harassment, both as a perpetrator and as a victim. Gender moderation effects were also found. The negative association of school support and susceptibility to peer influence was found greater in girls than boys. Girls who were highly susceptible to peer influence, or who had friends who were highly susceptible, had a relatively greater risk for involvement in relational aggression and sexual harassment, as compared with boys. Implications of these results for educators and school‐based mental health professionals are discussed, and suggestions for future research are offered.
Beyond “what works”: A mixed‐methods study of intervention effect modifiers in the Good Behavior Game
Authors: Ashworth Emma , Humphrey Neil , Lendrum Ann , Hennessey Alexandra 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis mixed‐methods study examines two moderators of the impact of the Good Behavior Game—implementation variability, participant risk status, and the interaction between them—as predictors of behavioral and academic outcomes. Quantitative data from 38 primary schools were utilized, with outcome data collected at baseline and 2‐year follow‐up. Behavior (disruptive behavior, prosocial behavior, and concentration problems) was assessed via the Teacher Observation of Classroom Adaptation Checklist. Reading attainment was assessed via national teacher assessment scores, and the Hodder Group Reading Test. Implementation fidelity/quality data were collected via independent observations. Participant risk status was modeled using a cumulative risk index. Multilevel modeling revealed that higher levels of fidelity/quality were associated with improved overall reading scores (d = 0.203–225), but worsening disruptive behavior among high‐risk students (d = 0.560). Thematic analysis of qualitative interview data collected from 20 teachers identified six groups of at‐risk students who were perceived to experience differential effects, and five key mechanisms underpinning these.
Postsecondary attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and deliberate practice: Study time, study quality, and self‐perceptions
Authors: Lindstrom Will , Nelson Jason M. , Foels Patricia 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe current study examined study habits of postsecondary students with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) through the theoretical context of deliberate practice. The responses of participants with and without ADHD were compared on a survey of study time, study quality, and self‐perceptions of study habits, as well as a measure of test anxiety. Groups were equivalent on reports of study time and time spent in other activities, percentage of classes they attend, use of conducive study environments, and planning of studying. Despite similar study behaviors, ADHD participants were more likely to feel unprepared for tests, reported significantly higher test anxiety, and had lower grade point averages. Regardless of ADHD status, the majority of study participants were not implementing deliberate practice behaviors, with the exception of class attendance, and study times fell far below recommended levels. Findings provided evidence that emulating the study behaviors of peers is not sufficient for students with ADHD to experience similar outcomes.