bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Threat of Multi‐Year Drought in Western Amazonia
Authors: Parsons L. A. , LeRoy S. , Overpeck J. T. , Bush M. , Cárdenes‐Sandí G.M. , Saleska S. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractRecent “once‐in‐a‐century” Amazonian droughts highlight the impacts of drought and climate change on this region's vegetation, carbon storage, water cycling, biodiversity, land use, and economy. The latest climate model simulations suggest this region will experience worsening future drought. However, the instrumental record is too short to quantify the range of background drought variability, or to evaluate extended drought risk in climate models. To overcome these limitations, we generated a new, highly resolved lake record of hydroclimatic variability within the western Amazon Basin. We find that Amazonia has regularly experienced multi‐year droughts over the last millennium. Our results indicate that current climate model simulations likely underestimate the background risk of multi‐year Amazonian drought. These findings illustrate that the future sustainability of the Amazonian forest and its many services may require management strategies that consider the likelihood of multi‐year droughts superimposed on a continued warming trend.
Geophysics‐Based Contaminant Mass Discharge Quantification Downgradient of a Landfill and a Former Pharmaceutical Factory
Authors: Balbarini Nicola , Rønde Vinni , Maurya Pradip , Fiandaca Gianluca , Møller Ingelise , Klint Knud Erik , Christiansen Anders V. , Binning Philip J. , Bjerg Poul L. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractContaminant mass discharge is a commonly applied tool to evaluate the environmental impact of contaminated sites on water resources. At large contaminated sites with heterogeneous sources, such as landfills, the number of wells available is often not sufficient, leading to a high uncertainty of mass discharge estimates. In this study, we tackle the uncertainty of the contaminant mass discharge due to low sampling densities by interpolating limited water‐sample data with the support of surface direct current resistivity and induced polarization geophysical data. The method relies on finding a conceptual link between the bulk conductivity imaged from geophysics and the contaminant concentrations. We investigate the link between (1) imaged bulk and electrical water conductivity, (2) water conductivity and conservative ionic species, (3) water conductivity and redox‐sensitive species, (4) water conductivity and semipersistent organic species, and (5) water conductivity and biodegradable organic compounds. The method successfully identify similarities between the distribution of the bulk conductivity and chloride and pharmaceutical compounds in a landfill leachate plume and between the bulk conductivity data and benzene and chlorinated ethenes for a contaminant plume from a former pharmaceutical factory. Contaminant concentrations were interpolated through regression kriging, using geophysical data as the dependent variable. The distribution of concentration determined with the novel method showed a lower mean relative estimation error than the traditional method of kriging only contaminant concentration data. At large sites, the method can improve contaminant mass discharge estimates, especially if surface geophysical measurements are integrated in the site investigation at an early stage.
Reframing the Challenge of Global Wildfire Threats to Water Supplies
Authors: Hallema Dennis W. , Robinne François‐Nicolas , Bladon Kevin D. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe timing, extent, and severity of forest wildfires have increased in many parts of the world in recent decades. These wildfires can have substantial and devastating impacts on water supply, ecohydrological systems, and sociohydrosystems. Existing frameworks to assess the magnitude and spatial extent of these effects generally focus on local processes or services and are not readily transferable to other regions. However, there is a growing need for regional, continental, and global scale indices to assess the potential effect of wildfires on freshwater availability and water supply resilience. Such indices must consider both the individual and compound effects of wildfires. In so doing, this will enable comprehensive insights on the water security paradigm and the value of hydrological services in fire‐affected areas around the globe.
Are Bedload Transport Pulses in Gravel Bed Rivers Created by Bar Migration or Sediment Waves?
Authors: Dhont Blaise , Ancey Christophe 
Published: May 2018

AbstractBedload transport exhibits considerable spatial and temporal variability, as reflected by large fluctuations of transport rates. Among the various mechanisms proposed for explaining this variability, bedform migration is often cited as the main cause. We took a closer look at this issue by running long‐duration experiments in a gravel bed flume using constant water discharge and sediment feed rates. We monitored bed evolution and measured bedload transport rates at the flume outlet using high‐resolution techniques. The bed was initially flat, but within a few hours bedforms consisting of alternate bars and pools had developed. The bars exhibited a stick‐slip motion: they were stable for long periods but moved episodically (every 10 hr on average). Their downstream migration produced 36% of the sediment volume transported, mostly in the form of intense pulses. Much of the transport was caused by the displacement of sediment waves from pool to pool.
Reevaluating the Use of O2 a1Δg Band in Spaceborne Remote Sensing of Greenhouse Gases
Authors: Sun Kang , Gordon Iouli E. , Sioris Christopher E. , Liu Xiong , Chance Kelly , Wofsy Steven C. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAlthough the O2a1Δg band has long been used in ground‐based greenhouse gas remote sensing to constrain the light path, it is challenging for nadir spaceborne sensors due to strong mesosphere/stratosphere airglow. Spectroscopic simulations using upper state populations successfully reconstruct the airglow spectra with excellent agreement with SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY limb observations (residual root‐mean‐square <0.7%). The accurate knowledge of airglow spectrum enables retrieval of O2(a1Δg) number density, volume emission rate, and temperature. For nadir spaceborne observations, the a1Δg airglow will lead to a negative bias of ∼10% to O2 column, if not considered. However, when properly included, the airglow spectral feature can be adequately separated from O2 absorption (mean bias <0.1%) at the spectral resolution of modern spaceborne spectrometers.
Seismic Shear Wave Anisotropy in Cracked Rocks and an Application to Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Xu Song , Tang Xiaoming , Torres‐Verdín Carlos , Su Yuanda 
Published: May 2018

AbstractSubsurface rocks often contain cracks/fractures with various orientations: aligned, conjugated, and randomly oriented, giving rise to different types of seismic anisotropy. We develop an effective approach for the elastic wave‐scattering theory to accurately calculate anisotropic properties in the presence of single and/or multiple fracture sets. Two specific models, the equivalent aligned crack system and the equivalent orthogonal crack system, are considered for the calculations. The equivalent aligned crack system generates significant anisotropy, while the equivalent orthogonal crack system exhibits weak anisotropy due to the interaction of cracks with different orientations. The theory is applied to interpret acoustic anisotropy measurements acquired in hydraulically fractured formations, where theoretical predictions and measurements are in good agreement.
The Reported Durations of GOES Soft X‐Ray Flares in Different Solar Cycles
Authors: Swalwell Bill , Dalla Silvia , Kahler Stephen , White Stephen M. , Ling Alan , Viereck Rodney , Veronig Astrid 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe Geostationary Orbital Environmental Satellites (GOES) Soft X‐ray (SXR) sensors have provided data relating to, inter alia, the time, intensity, and duration of solar flares since the 1970s. The GOES SXR Flare List has become the standard reference catalogue for solar flares and is widely used in solar physics research and space weather. We report here that in the current version of the list there are significant differences between the mean duration of flares which occurred before May 1997 and the mean duration of flares thereafter. Our analysis shows that the reported flare timings for the pre‐May 1997 data were not based on the same criteria as is currently the case. This finding has serious implications for all those who used flare duration (or fluence, which depends on the chosen start and end times) as part of their analysis of pre‐May 1997 solar events or statistical analyses of large samples of flares, for example, as part of the assessment of a solar energetic particle forecasting algorithm.
Groundwater Pumping Impacts on Real Stream Networks: Testing the Performance of Simple Management Tools
Authors: Zipper Samuel C. , Dallemagne Tom , Gleeson Tom , Boerman Thomas C. , Hartmann Andreas 
Published: May 2018

AbstractQuantifying reductions in streamflow due to groundwater pumping (“streamflow depletion”) is essential for conjunctive management of groundwater and surface water resources. Analytical models are widely used to estimate streamflow depletion but include potentially problematic assumptions such as simplified stream‐aquifer geometry and rely on largely untested depletion apportionment equations to distribute depletion from a well among different stream reaches. Here, we use archetypal numerical models to evaluate the sensitivity of five depletion apportionment equations to stream networks with varying drainage densities, topographic relief, and groundwater recharge rates; and statistically evaluate the sources of error for each equation. We introduce a new depletion apportionment equation called web squared which considers stream network geometry, and find that it performs the best under most conditions tested. For all depletion apportionment equations, performance decreases with increases in drainage density, relief, or recharge rates, and all equations struggle to estimate depletion in short stream reaches. Poorly performing apportionment equations tend to underestimate streamflow depletion relative to numerical model results, leading to a negative bias and underpredicted variability, while error in the best performing apportionment equations tends to be due to imperfect correlation. From a management perspective, apportionment equations with error due to bias and variability are preferable as they correctly identify which reaches will be affected and can be statistically corrected. Overall, these results indicate that the web squared method introduced here, which explicitly considers stream geometry, performs the best over a range of real‐world conditions, and will be most accurate in flatter and drier environments.
A Behavioral Family Intervention for Children With Overweight and Asthma
Authors: Fedele David A. , Janicke David M. , McQuaid Elizabeth L. , Abu-Hasan Mutasim , Baker Dawn , Zou Baiming , Netz Mallory , Lawless Casey 
Published: May 2018

The Childhood Health and Asthma Management Program (CHAMP) is a behavioral family lifestyle intervention for youth with overweight or obesity (OV/OB) and asthma. This pilot, randomized controlled trial examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of CHAMP. A sample of 24 children ( M age = 8.67) with asthma and a BMI at the 85th percentile or higher and their caregivers participated in the trial. Families were recruited from local pediatrician offices and pediatric pulmonary and allergy clinics and randomized to CHAMP or a health education attention control condition. Children’s height, weight, lung function, asthma control, and asthma-related quality of life (QOL) were collected at baseline, postintervention, and 6-months posttreatment. Analysis of covariance and standardized mean differences were used to assess changes in outcome variables among participants attending >50% of sessions ( n = 12). Families participating in CHAMP reported high satisfaction; however, there were a number of barriers to recruitment and regular session attendance. There were no statistically significant between-group differences at postintervention or long-term follow-up. From baseline to postintervention, there were small to large effect sizes favoring CHAMP for BMI z scores, asthma control, and measures of lung function. There were small to medium effect sizes favoring CHAMP at long-term follow-up for BMI z scores, asthma control, and asthma-related QOL. CHAMP had adequate acceptability in this trial. We did not find significant results favoring CHAMP compared with the control group, however, lessons learned provide important directions for modifications in anticipation of a larger trial. Implications for Impact Statement Children with overweight or obesity (OV/OB) and asthma are at higher risk for experiencing negative health outcomes than their nonobese peers. We developed the Childhood Health and Asthma Management Program (CHAMP), a 16-week family-based intervention for school-aged youth with overweight or obesity and asthma. Families reported high satisfaction with CHAMP and some modestly positive outcomes were found with regard to weight change and asthma outcomes; however, families reported several barriers to intervention attendance, suggesting the need for more feasible interventions to improve outcomes within this population.
Preliminary Feasibility and Acceptability of the Remote Food Photography Method for Assessing Nutrition in Young Children With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Rose Meredith H. , Streisand Randi , Aronow Laura , Tully Carrie , Martin Corby K. , Mackey Eleanor 
Published: May 2018

Nutrition is a critical component of diabetes and other chronic diseases for young children. However, nutritional intake is burdensome to measure accurately and easily, making it difficult to evaluate in research or clinical contexts. This pilot study examined the feasibility and acceptability of having parents of young children with type I diabetes (T1D) use the remote food photography method (RFPM) to measure breakfast nutrition. Participants were 9 mothers of children ages 2–5 years ( M age = 4.2), with a T1D duration of at least 1 year ( M age = 2.4 years at diagnosis), representing diverse backgrounds (55.6% Caucasian; 44.4% African American; 55.6% married). During baseline and follow up of a healthy eating and physical activity intervention for children with T1D, parents used the RFPM to capture before and after images of their children’s breakfast. Feasibility and acceptability were assessed by adherence to taking photos, percent of usable photos, and participant satisfaction. The RFPM was feasible across participants with high adherence rates (100% at baseline and 87% at follow up) for sending usable photographs. Most participants reported satisfaction with the method. Using the RFPM to assess nutrition in a small sample of young children with T1D was feasible and acceptable. Given the importance of assessing nutrition in young children with T1D as well as other chronic illnesses (e.g., cystic fibrosis, obesity), the RFPM may be a useful tool for both research and clinical data collection in lieu of other methods. More research is needed to evaluate reliability and validity of RFPM in pediatric populations. Implications for Impact Statement The present study uses pilot data from a study with young children who have T1D to suggest that remote food photography, a method that has been well established in the nutrition field, could be a useful dietary intake measuring tool in pediatric psychology populations.
Myelodysplastic syndromes current treatment algorithm 2018
Authors: Steensma David P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractMyelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) include a group of clonal myeloid neoplasms characterized by cytopenias due to ineffective hematopoiesis, abnormal blood and marrow cell morphology, and a risk of clonal evolution and progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Because outcomes for patients with MDS are heterogeneous, individual risk stratification using tools such as the revised International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS-R) is important in managing patients—including selecting candidates for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT), the only potentially curative therapy for MDS. The IPSS-R can be supplemented by molecular genetic testing, since certain gene mutations such asTP53influence risk independent of established clinicopathological variables. For lower risk patients with symptomatic anemia, treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) or lenalidomide (especially for those with deletion of chromosome 5q) can ameliorate symptoms. Some lower risk patients may be candidates for immunosuppressive therapy, thrombopoiesis-stimulating agents, or a DNA hypomethylating agent (HMA; azacitidine or decitabine). Among higher risk patients, transplant candidates should undergo ASCT as soon as possible, with HMAs useful as a bridge to transplant. Non-transplant candidates should initiate HMA therapy and continue if tolerated until disease progression. Supportive care with transfusions and antimicrobial drugs as needed remains important in all groups.
HBx-induced S100A9 in NF-κB dependent manner promotes growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Duan Liang , Wu Rui , Zhang Xiuyu , Wang Ding , You Yan , Zhang Yunyuan , Zhou Lan , Chen Weixian 
Published: May 2018

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Myeloid-specific S100 proteins (S100s), namely, S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12, have been recently recognized as newly discovered damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that are correlated with progression in pathogen of infectious diseases. However, whether S100s are regulated by HBV and involved in HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis are still unclear. Here, we found that all expression levels of myeloid-specific S100s (S100A8, S100A9 and S10012) were elevated in serum and tissue samples from HCC patients. Expression of S100A9 but not S100A8 and S10012 were also higher in blood serum and tissue samples from HBV-positive HCC patients than that in HBV-negative HCC patients. High levels of intracellular and extracellular S100A9 were also confirmed in HepG2 cells expressing 1.3-fold HBV genome or HBV-encoded X protein (HBx) as well as in a stable HBV-producing cell line HepG2.2.15. HBx was shown to facilitate translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, and NF-κB bound to the promoter of S100A9 to enhance its transcription. Silencing S100A9 expression partially blocked HBx-induced growth and metastasis of HepG2 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Further, serum S100A9 levels were found to correlate with TNM stage, extrahepatic metastasis status and HBV DNA load in HBV-related HCC and also had a better diagnostic value for identifying extrahepatic metastasis. Our these data demonstrate that S100A9 plays a pivotal role in HBx-induced growth and metastasis of HCC and may serve as a potential diagnostic marker for extrahepatic metastasis.
Heat shock factor 1 confers resistance to lapatinib in ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells
Authors: Yallowitz Alisha , Ghaleb Amr , Garcia Lucas , Alexandrova Evguenia M. , Marchenko Natalia 
Published: May 2018

AbstractDespite success of ERBB2-targeted therapies such as lapatinib, resistance remains a major clinical concern. Multiple compensatory receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) pathways are known to contribute to lapatinib resistance. The heterogeneity of these adaptive responses is a significant hurdle for finding most effective combinatorial treatments. The goal of this study was to identify a unifying molecular mechanism whose targeting could help prevent and/or overcome lapatinib resistance. Using the MMTV-ERBB2;mutant p53 (R175H) in vivo mouse model of ERBB2-positive breast cancer, together with mouse and human cell lines, we compared lapatinib-resistant vs. lapatinib-sensitive tumor cells biochemically and by kinome arrays and evaluated their viability in response to a variety of compounds affecting heat shock response. We found that multiple adaptive RTKs are activated in lapatinib-resistant cells in vivo, some of which have been previously described (Axl, MET) and some were novel (PDGFRα, PDGFRβ, VEGFR1, MUSK, NFGR). Strikingly, all lapatinib-resistant cells show chronically activated HSF1 and its transcriptional targets, heat shock proteins (HSPs), and, as a result, superior tolerance to proteotoxic stress. Importantly, lapatinib-resistant tumors and cells retained sensitivity to Hsp90 and HSF1 inhibitors, both in vitro and in vivo, thus providing a unifying and actionable therapeutic node. Indeed, HSF1 inhibition simultaneously downregulated ERBB2, adaptive RTKs and mutant p53, and its combination with lapatinib prevented development of lapatinib resistance in vitro. Thus, the kinome adaptation in lapatinib-resistant ERBB2-positive breast cancer cells is governed, at least in part, by HSF1-mediated heat shock pathway, providing a novel potential intervention strategy to combat resistance.
Control of seed dormancy and germination by DOG1-AHG1 PP2C phosphatase complex via binding to heme
Authors: Nishimura Noriyuki , Tsuchiya Wataru , Moresco James J. , Hayashi Yuki , Satoh Kouji , Kaiwa Nahomi , Irisa Tomoko , Kinoshita Toshinori , Schroeder Julian I. , Yates John R. , Hirayama Takashi , Yamazaki Toshimasa 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) regulates abiotic stress and developmental responses including regulation of seed dormancy to prevent seeds from germinating under unfavorable environmental conditions. ABA HYPERSENSITIVE GERMINATION1 (AHG1) encoding a type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) is a central negative regulator of ABA response in germination; however, the molecular function and regulation of AHG1 remain elusive. Here we report that AHG1 interacts with DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1), which is a pivotal positive regulator in seed dormancy. DOG1 acts upstream of AHG1 and impairs the PP2C activity of AHG1 in vitro. Furthermore, DOG1 has the ability to bind heme. Binding of DOG1 to AHG1 and heme are independent processes, but both are essential for DOG1 function in vivo. Our study demonstrates that AHG1 and DOG1 constitute an important regulatory system for seed dormancy and germination by integrating multiple environmental signals, in parallel with the PYL/RCAR ABA receptor-mediated regulatory system.
The role of dynamic enzyme assemblies and substrate channelling in metabolic regulation
Authors: Sweetlove Lee J. , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractTransient physical association between enzymes appears to be a cardinal feature of metabolic systems, yet the purpose of this metabolic organisation remains enigmatic. It is generally assumed that substrate channelling occurs in these complexes. However, there is a lack of information concerning the mechanisms and extent of substrate channelling and confusion regarding the consequences of substrate channelling. In this review, we outline recent advances in the structural characterisation of enzyme assemblies and integrate this with new insights from reaction–diffusion modelling and synthetic biology to clarify the mechanistic and functional significance of the phenomenon.