bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Randomized Evaluation of Preoperative Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition (PREOP‐ACEI)
Authors: Shiffermiller Jason F. , Monson Benjamin J. , Vokoun Chad W. , Beachy Micah W. , Smith Michael P. , Sullivan James N. , Vasey Andrew J. , Guda Purnima , Lyden Elizabeth R. , Ellis Sheila J. , Pang Huiling , Thompson Rachel E. 
Published: August 2018

BACKGROUNDIntraoperative hypotension is associated with an increased risk of end organ damage and death. The transient preoperative interruption of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) therapy prior to cardiac and vascular surgeries decreases the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension.OBJECTIVEWe sought to compare the effect of two protocols for preoperative ACEI management on the risk of intraoperative hypotension among patients undergoing noncardiac, nonvascular surgeries.DESIGNProspective, randomized study.SETTINGMidwestern urban 489‐bed academic medical center.PATIENTSPatients taking an ACEI for at least six weeks preoperatively were considered for inclusion.INTERVENTIONSRandomization of the final preoperative ACEI dose to omission (n = 137) or continuation (n = 138).MEASUREMENTSThe primary outcome was intraoperative hypotension, which was defined as any systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 80 mm Hg. Postoperative hypotensive (SBP < 90 mm Hg) and hypertensive (SBP > 180 mm Hg) episodes were also recorded. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test.RESULTSIntraoperative hypotension occurred less frequently in the omission group (76 of 137 [55%]) than in the continuation group (95 of 138 [69%]) (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.97, P = .03, NNH 7.5). Postoperative hypotensive events were also less frequent in the ACEI omission group (RR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.86, P = .02) than in the continuation group. However, postoperative hypertensive events were more frequent in the omission group than in the continuation group (RR: 1.95, 95%: CI: 1.14 to 3.34, P = .01).CONCLUSIONThe transient preoperative interruption of ACEI therapy is associated with a decreased risk of intraoperative hypotension.REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01669434.
Marx: 200 anos – A teoria, a política e a educação | Marx: 200 Years – Theory, Politics and Education
Authors: Ciavatta Maria 
Published: August 2018

Este texto trata do materialismo histórico, fundamento do projeto “Da História da Educação à História do Trabalho-educação – A fotografia como fonte de pesquisa” (CNPq). Destina-se a argumentar sobre a atualidade do pensamento de Marx na comemoração dos 200 anos de seu nascimento. Marx deixou uma teoria científica de interpretação da realidade e de produção do conhecimento; uma concepção de trabalho como fonte de conhecimento, de sociabilidade e de produtos; elaborou um método de crítica da economia política e uma concepção de história absolutamente inovadora para seu tempo, a história como produção social da existência. Deixou um legado escrito e falado aos trabalhadores sobre a nova sociedade, a comunista. Sem ser educador no estrito senso, sua concepção de educação tem por base a visão dos ser humano como um todo que, pela educação politécnica, deve chegar à superação do ser humano dividido entre o trabalho manual e o trabalho intelectual.Palavras-Chave: teoria; política; educação. Abstract − This text deals with historical materialism, the foundation of the project “From the History of Education to the History of Work-Education – Photography as a source for research” (CNPq). It is intended to argue about the actuality of Marx’s thought in the commemoration of the 200th anniversary of his birth. Marx left a scientific theory of interpretation of reality and production of knowledge; a conception of work as a source of knowledge, sociability, and products; elaborated a method of critique of political economy and an absolutely innovative conception of history for its time, history as the social production of existence. He left a written and spoken legacy to the workers about a new society: communist society. Without being an educator in the strict sense, his conception of education is based on the vision of the human being as a whole who, through a polytechnic education, must overcome the human division between manual labor and intellectual work. Keywords: theory; politics; education.
Polêmicas teóricas na análise marxiana do trabalho no Serviço Social | Theory polemics in the Marxian analysis of labor in social work
Authors: Degenszajn Raquel Raichelis 
Published: August 2018

O objetivo deste texto é problematizar algumas polêmicas presentes no debate sobre o trabalho no Serviço Social, a partir da perspectiva marxiana da teoria do valor trabalho. Para enfrentar essas questões, o ponto de partida é o tensionamento entre projeto profissional e trabalho assalariado, que coloca para assistentes sociais os dilemas da alienação, uma vez que sua atividade é submetida ao poder dos empregadores, em grande parte o Estado, mas também organizações não governamentais e empresariais. O desafio consiste em apreender as formas pelas quais o trabalho de assistentes sociais ingressa (ou não) no reino do valor, no âmbito da sua inserção como trabalhadores assalariados do setor de serviços, que, com a mundialização e financeirização do capital, vem sendo sofrendo grande expansão e tornando-se fonte de novas formas de extração do valor. Palavras-Chave: Serviço Social; divisão social e técnica do trabalho; valor; trabalho em serviços. Abstract –This text’s objective is to problematize some controversies in the debate about labor in the area of social work, from the Marxian perspective of the labor theory of value. In order to address these issues, the starting point is the tension between professional project and paid work, which places social workers in the dilemmas of alienation, since their activity is submitted to the power of employers, largely the state, but also non-governmental organizations and business sectors. The challenge is to understand the ways in which the work of social workers enters (or not) the realm of value, within the framework of their insertion as salaried employees of the service sector, who, with the globalization and financialization of capital, have been experiencing great expansion and becoming a source of new forms of value extraction.Keywords: social work; social and technical division of labor; value; work in services.
Gramsci e a Revolução Russa | Gramsci and the Russian Revolution
Authors: White Barbara 
Published: August 2018

Resenha do livro LOLE, A.; GOMES, V. L. C.; DEL ROIO, M. (Orgs.). Gramsci e a Revolução Russa. 1 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Mórula Editorial, 2017. 272 p.
Progress in research on the application of nursing models for breast cancer patients during the perioperative period
Authors: Nie Li-Ting , Yan Qiao-Yuan 
Published: August 2018

AbstractNursing models at home and abroad for breast cancer patients during the perioperative period were screened, including eight types of models: the nursing model guided by self-care theory, the plan–do–check–act cycle combined with the four-in-one model, the peer support nursing model, the nursing model guided by transcultural theory, the multidisciplinary cooperative nursing model, the knowledge–attitude–practice nursing model, the safe nursing management model, and the case nursing model. These models were analyzed and described with the aim of providing a reference for the clinical breast surgery nursing staff in China and for promoting the development of nursing in China for breast cancer during the perioperative period.
Reversible biliary occlusion in a small animal model: first description of a new technique
Authors: Richter Beate , Khodaverdi Semik , Bechstein Wolf Otto , Gutt Carsten N. , Krähenbühl Lukas , Schmandra Thomas C. 
Published: August 2018

AbstractBackgroundExperimental models with reversible biliary occlusion resulted in a high mortality of the animals, up to 20–60% according to the literature. Our aim was to assess a safe and valid technique for reversible biliary occlusion with a low mortality.MethodsWe randomized 30 rats into two groups: with bile duct occlusion (BDO, n=18) and with sham manipulation of the extrahepatic bile duct (control, n=12). We used a removable vascular clip for temporary occlusion of the extrahepatic bile duct. The clip was removed on postoperative day (POD) 2. On POD 2, 3, and 5, we measured the hepatocellular injury and metabolic function markers in serum. Activation of mononuclear cells (HIS36) and expression of regeneration markers [cytokeratin 19, hepatic growth factor (HGF)-α, and HGF-β] were determined by immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe survival rate was 96.67% (1/30); one animal died. The mortality in the BDO group was 6% (1/18) and that in the control group was 0% (0/12). BDO resulted in a sharp increase of hepatocellular injury and cholestatic parameters on POD 2 with a rapid decline till POD 3. Significantly strongest activation of Kupffer cells and expression of proliferation markers were found until POD 5 after BDO.ConclusionThe clip technique is a safe, cheap, and valid method for reversible biliary occlusion with an extremely low mortality.
Antioxidant activity of carob seeds and chemical composition of their bean gum by– products
Authors: Mekhoukhe Aida , Kicher Houda , Ladjouzi Adidi , Medouni-Haroune Lamia , Brahmi Fatiha , Medouni-Adrar Sonia , Madani Khodir 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
The carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is very old edible fruit, flavorful and often used in foods and beverages. In this present study the composition of phenolic compounds, the antioxidant activity and the production locust bean gum (LBG) of seeds grown in Algeria was explored.

Methods
The phenolic contents (total phenolics, total tannins, total flavonoids, condensed tannins and flavonols) and the antioxidant activity of the aqueous methanolic, ethanolic and acetonic extracts (70, 80 and 80v/v, respectively) of the seeds were determined using colorimetric methods. Furthermore, the carob bean gum from seeds was extracted and its chemical composition was evaluated.

Results
Aqueous acetonicextract of carob seeds give the highest contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, flavonols, total tannins and condensed tannins which were 12.24±0.02, 1.33±0.01, 2.97±0.01, 4.29±0.2 and 0.53±0.01 mg/g of dry weight, respectively. The same extract showed also the best antioxidant activity in all assays compared to other extracts.
Experimental investigation of chicken feather fiber and crumb rubber reformed epoxy resin hybrid composite: mechanical and microstructural characterization
Authors: Verma Akarsh , Negi Pratibha , Singh Vinay Kumar 
Published: August 2018

AbstractIn this experimental investigation, the mechanical characterization and microstructure study of chicken feather fiber (CFF) and crumb rubber filled epoxy resin hybrid composite has been done. The surface of the fibers was treated with sodium hydroxide to improve the interphase bonding. Chicken feathers were taken in different weight percentages of 1, 3, 5 and 7. A composite was fabricated with epoxy resin using the hand lay-up technique. After conducting various mechanical tests in accordance with the ASTM standards, it was observed that 5 wt% of CFF recorded the optimum results. Hybrid composites were then fabricated with 5 wt% CFF and varying weight percentages of crumb rubber, i.e. 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5. On the basis of mechanical testing conducted on hybrid composite, tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength showed a significant improvement. The justification of trend was given through the microstructural tests, which were a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. It was concluded that 1 wt% of crumb rubber with 5 wt% CFF hybrid composites showed the optimum results amongst various combinations. Thus, properties showed significant improvement in the case of hybrid composite as compared to pure fiber-based composite.
Neurofuzzy and Biogeography-Based Optimization of Bandwidth Granularity for PON Based on Optical Path Fragmentation
Authors: Kumar Ashok , Banga V. K. , Wason Amit 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Passive optical network (PON) supported orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a network that is designed for subsequent generation of optical networks. During this work, the proposed algorithm consists of neurofuzzy rules which update and control the minimum bandwidth allocation granularity

g

\left( g \right)

. In order to improve the quality of service, a biogeography-based optimization algorithm is introduced and a new fitness function is proposed which reduces the round trip time by enhancing the distribution scaling factor. Hence, the proposed work reduces the jitter and increases the throughput of the PON for fixed

g
=
1

g = 1

which enhances the network performance by 3.4 % and 1.23 %, respectively.
Regional differences of hypothermia on oxidative stress following hypoxia-ischemia: a study of DHA and hypothermia on brain lipid peroxidation in newborn piglets
Authors: Huun Marianne U. , Garberg Håvard T. , Buonocore Giuseppe , Longini Mariangela , Belvisi Elisa , Bazzini Francesco , Proietti Fabrizio , Saugstad Ola Didrik , Solberg Rønnaug 
Published: August 2018

Abstract

Background
Oxidative stress plays an important part in the pathophysiology of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and is reliably measured through prostanoids following lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The aim of the study is to measure oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex, white matter and hippocampus in the brains of hypoxic-ischemic piglets treated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and investigate the additive effects of DHA on hypothermia by factorial design.

Methods
Fifty-five piglets were randomized as having severe global hypoxia (n=48) or not (sham, n=7). Hypoxic piglets were further randomized: vehicle (VEH), DHA, VEH+hypothermia (HT) or HT+DHA. A total of 5 mg/kg DHA was given intravenously 210 min after the end of hypoxia. Brain tissues were analyzed using liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS). A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with DHA and HT as main effects.

Results
In the white matter, we found main effects of DHA on DH-isoprostanes (P=0.030) and a main effect of HT on F4-neuroprostanes (F4-NeuroPs) (P=0.007), F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs) (P=0.043) and DH-isoprostanes (P=0.023).
In the cortex, the ANOVA analysis showed the interactions of main effects between DHA and HT for neurofuranes (NeuroFs) (P=0.092) and DH-isoprostanes (P=0.015) as DHA significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in the absence of HT. DHA compared to VEH significantly reduced NeuroFs (P=0.019) and DH-isoprostanes (P=0.010). No differences were found in the hippocampus.

Conclusion
After severe hypoxia, HT reduced lipid peroxidation in the white matter but not in the cortical gray matter. HT attenuated the reducing effect of DHA on lipid peroxidation in the cortex. Further studies are needed to determine whether DHA can be an effective add-on therapy for TH.
Distributional learning is error-driven: the role of surprise in the acquisition of phonetic categories
Authors: Olejarczuk Paul , Kapatsinski Vsevolod , Baayen R. Harald 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Much previous research on distributional learning and phonetic categorization assumes that categories are either faithful reproductions or parametric summaries of experienced frequency distributions, acquired through a Hebbian learning process in which every experience contributes equally to the category representation. We suggest that category representations may instead be formed via error-driven predictive learning. Rather than passively storing tagged category exemplars or updating parametric summaries of token counts, learners actively anticipate upcoming events and update their beliefs in proportion to how surprising/unexpected these events turn out to be. As a result, rare category members exert a disproportionate influence on the category representation. We present evidence for this hypothesis from a distributional learning experiment on acquiring a novel phonetic category, and show that the results are well described by a classic error-driven learning model (Rescorla, R. A. & A. R. Wagner. 1972. A theory of Pavlovian conditioning: Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement. In A. H. Black & W. F. Prokasy (eds.), Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory, 64–99. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts).
Three steps forward for predictability. Consideration of methodological robustness, indexical and prosodic factors, and replication in the laboratory
Authors: Foulkes Paul , Docherty Gerry , Hufnagel Stefanie Shattuck , Hughes Vincent 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
There is now abundant evidence that phonetic forms are shaped by probabilistic effects reflecting predictability or informativity. We outline a number of challenges for such work, where theoretical claims are often based on small differences in acoustic measurements, or interpretations of small statistical effect sizes. We outline caveats about the methods and assumptions encountered in many studies of predictability effects, particularly regarding corpus-based approaches. We consider the wide range of factors that influence patterns of variability in phonetic forms, taking a broad perspective on what is meant by “the message” in order to show that predictability effects need to be considered alongside many others, including indexical and prosodic factors. We suggest a number of ways forward to extend our understanding of the form-predictability relationship.
Predictability of stop consonant phonetics across talkers: Between-category and within-category dependencies among cues for place and voice
Authors: Chodroff Eleanor , Wilson Colin 
Published: August 2018

AbstractThe present study investigates patterns of covariation among acoustic properties of stop consonants in a large multi-talker corpus of American English connected speech. Relations among talker means for different stops on the same dimension (between-category covariation) were considerably stronger than those for different dimensions of the same stop (within-category covariation). The existence of between-category covariation supports a uniformity principle that restricts the mapping from phonological features to phonetic targets in the sound system of each speaker. This principle was formalized with factor analysis, in which observed covariation derives from a lower-dimensional space of talker variation. Knowledge of between-category phonetic covariation could facilitate perceptual adaptation to novel talkers by providing a rational basis for generalizing idiosyncratic properties to several sounds on the basis of limited exposure.
The crystal structure of dichlorido(1,3-dimesityl-1H-3λ4-imidazol-2-yl)(morpholine-κN)palladium(IV), C25H33Cl2N3OPd
Authors: Yang Jian 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
C25H33Cl2N3OPd, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 10.2439(9) Å, b = 11.4323(9) Å, c = 11.9773(11) Å, α = 93.043(3)°, β = 94.892(3)°, γ = 114.364(2)°, V = 1267.07(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0212, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0528, T = 173(2) K.
Commons and Environmental Regulation in History: The Water Commons Beyond Property and Sovereignty
Authors: Ingold Alice 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Do commons outline a different way of considering historical forms of environmental regulation? Might they represent a sort of alternative, apart from the usual model of environmental law which rests on public authorities and forms of restrictions of private rights? In order to grasp the complex relationship between environmental law and history, it is essential to pay attention to the state’s radical transformation in the nineteenth century, especially the separation (and separate definition) of administration and the judiciary. This article aims to historicize the commons, but also the state in order to escape the projected shadow of public administration in considering environmental regulation. It looks into the commons’ ambiguous relations with history. A first point is to critically reconsider the opposition between commons and enclosure, inherited from Hardin’s thesis. A second point consists in deconstructing mythical accounts of stateless commons. This is done by relying on water commons — which are also a key example in Ostrom’s theory. Early histories of water commons by commoners provided the opportunity for a first version of commons’ history without the state. This ‘discovery’ of the water commons presented them as a pertinent response to the aporia of the private property system, but also to the dangers of keeping resources available to the administrative state, which appeared ill-suited to managing scarce natural resources. This positive development translated into a series of fascinating inquiries, undertaken from the 1800s to the 1880s in several places across Europe. They gave rise to the very first ethnogeographic descriptions of the commons’ functioning. It was in the context of very acute conflicts over access to the resource that this use of history became enshrined. The historical longevity of these irrigators’ communities was highlighted in order to defend their historical and customary rights against the administrative state’s will to regulate all water courses, which was more favorable to new users in water sharing. The resource’s ecological limit thus served to set boundaries to the administration’s intervention. Scarcity was a way to conceive of the resource as unavailable both for property and for state sovereignty. Protecting environmental resources through the courts was a way of conceiving a regulation based on the resource’s specific status, rather than on the will of subjects — whether private, collective or public.
Savagery, Civilization, and Property: Theories of Societal Evolution and Commons Theory
Authors: Schorr David B. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
This article argues that modern commons theory has been substantially shaped by early modern ways of thinking about the evolution of civilizations. In particular, it has hewed closely to models that gelled in the Enlightenment-era works known as “stadial theory,” by authors such as Lord Kames and Adam Smith, and passed down to the twentieth century, to theorists including Garrett Hardin, Harold Demsetz, and Elinor Ostrom. It argues that stadial thinking reached modern commons theorists largely through the disciplines of anthropology and human ecology, paying particular attention to the debate among anthropologists over aboriginal property rights, colonial and international development discourse, and neo-Malthusian conservationism. The effects of stadial theories’ influence include a belief among many that private property represents a more advanced stage of civilization than does the commons; and among others a Romantic yearning to return to an Eden of primitive and community-based commons. Thus do deep cultural attitudes, rooted in the speculative thinking of an earlier age, color today’s theories — positive and normative — of the commons.