bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compassion Meditation for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans: A Randomized Proof of Concept Study
Authors: Lang Ariel J. , Malaktaris Anne L. , Casmar Pollyanna , Baca Selena A. , Golshan Shahrokh , Harrison Timothy , Negi Lobsang 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is considerable interest in developing complementary and integrative approaches for ameliorating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Compassion meditation (CM) and loving‐kindness meditation appear to offer benefits to individuals with PTSD, including symptom reduction. The present study was a pilot randomized controlled trial of CM for PTSD in veterans. The CM condition, an adaptation of Cognitively‐Based Compassion Training (CBCT®), consists of exercises to stabilize attention, develop present‐moment awareness, and foster compassion. We compared CM to Veteran.calm (VC), which consists of psychoeducation about PTSD, rationale for relaxation, relaxation training, and sleep hygiene. Both conditions consist of 10 weekly 90‐min group sessions with between‐session practice assignments. A total of 28 veterans attended at least one session of the group intervention and completed pre‐ and posttreatment measures of PTSD severity and secondary outcomes as well as weekly measures of PTSD, depressive symptoms, and positive and negative emotions. Measures of treatment credibility, attendance, practice compliance, and satisfaction were administered to assess feasibility. A repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a more substantive reduction in PTSD symptoms in the CM condition than in the VC condition, between‐group d = −0.85. Credibility, attendance, and satisfaction were similar across CM and VC conditions thus demonstrating the feasibility of CM and the appropriateness of VC as a comparison condition. The findings of this initial randomized pilot study provide rationale for future studies examining the efficacy and effectiveness of CM for veterans with PTSD.
Characterizing Spatial Variability of Climate‐Relevant Hazards and Vulnerabilities in the New England Region of the United States
Authors: Spangler K. R. , Manjourides J. , Lynch A. H. , Wellenius G. A. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWeather and climate have substantial effects on human health. While much is known about how morbidity and mortality are affected by moderate‐to‐extreme heat, poor air quality, and heavy precipitation individually, less is known about the cumulative occurrence of these climatic hazards, and the extent to which they spatially overlap with community‐scale vulnerabilities. Specifically, there is interest in determining whether individuals living in places with the highest exposure to multiple health hazardous climatic conditions are also more vulnerable to having negative health outcomes. Presented here is a spatial analysis of the distribution of health‐relevant climatic hazards and social vulnerabilities across the New England region of the northeastern United States. We show that the frequency of excessive heat days, heavy precipitation days, and ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exceedances during the warm seasons (May–September) from 2009 to 2014 have distinct spatial distributions and are statistically significantly correlated across space with indicators of social vulnerability. We further quantify an integrated measure of the hazards and vulnerabilities to illustrate the spatial heterogeneity of overall risk, as well as to demonstrate how the choice of spatial scale influences the identification of high‐risk areas. These methods are transferrable to other locations and contexts, which could be of utility not only to geographers and epidemiologists, but also to policymakers tasked with allocating public health resources to populations at greatest risk of weather‐ and climate‐related health effects.
Seismicity‐Scanning Based on Navigated Automatic Phase‐Picking
Authors: Tan Fengzhou , Kao Honn , Nissen Edwin , Eaton David 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe propose a new method, named Seismicity‐Scanning based on Navigated Automatic Phase‐picking (S‐SNAP), that is capable of delineating complex spatiotemporal distributions of seismicity. This novel algorithm takes a cocktail approach that combines source scanning, kurtosis‐based phasepicking, and the maximum intersection location technique into a single integrated workflow. This method is automated, detecting and locating earthquakes efficiently, comprehensively, and accurately. We apply S‐SNAP to a data set recorded by a dense local seismic array during a hydraulic fracturing operation to test this novel approach and to demonstrate its effectiveness in relation to existing methods. Overall, S‐SNAP found about 3.5 times as many high‐quality events as a template matching‐based catalogue. All events in the previous catalogue are identified with similar epicenters, depths, and magnitudes, while no false detections are found by visual inspection.
New powerful outburst of the unusual young star V1318 Cygni S (LkHα 225)
Authors: Magakian T. Yu. , Movsessian T. A. , Andreasyan H. R. , Gevorgyan M. H. 
Published: March 2019

Aims. Young double star V1318 Cyg, which is associated with a small isolated star-forming region around HAeBe star BD+40°4124, has very unusual photometric and spectral behavior. We present results of photometric and spectroscopic observations in the optical range.
Methods. We carried out BVRI CCD photometric observations of V1318 Cyg from 2015 Sept. to 2017 July. For the same period we acquired medium- and low-resolution spectra. Observations were performed with the 2.6 m telescope of the Byurakan observatory. We also analyzed the images of this field in IPHAS and other surveys.
Results. We analyze the historical light curve for V1318 Cyg and demonstrate that the southern component, V1318 Cyg S, after being rather bright in the 1970s (V ∼ 14 mag) started to lower its brightness and in 1990 became practically invisible in the optical. After its reappearance in the second half of the 1990s the star started to become very slowly brighter. Between 2006 and 2010 V1318 Cyg S started brightening more quickly, and in 2015 had become brighter by more than five magnitudes in visible light. Since this time V1318 Cyg S has remained at this maximum. Its spectrum shows little variability and consists of a mixture of emission and absorption lines, which has allowed for estimates of its spectral type as early Ae, with obvious evidence of matter outflow. We derive its current AV ≈ 7.2 and L = 750 L⊙ thus confirming that V1318 Cyg S should belong to the Herbig Ae stars, making it, along with BD+40°4124 and V1686 Cyg, the third luminous young star in the group. It is very probable that we observe V1318 Cyg S near the pole and that the inclination of its dense and slow (≈100 km s−1) outflow is low.
Conclusions. The unusual variability and other features of V1318 Cyg S make it difficult to classify this star among known types of eruptive young stars. It could be an extreme, higher-mass example of an EXor, or an object of intermediate class between EXors and FUors, like V1647 Ori.
Diversity of Butterflies (Lepidoptera) in Sierra de Huautla, Morelos, México: A Conservation Approach
Authors: Rosas-Echeverría Ma Ventura , Coyote-Ávila Carlos Alfredo , Aguilar-Dorantes Karla Maria , Martínez-Peralta Concepcion 
Published: March 2019

AbstractIn this study, we carried out an inventory of butterfly diversity and an analysis of alpha and beta diversity considering the effects of phenology and degree of disturbance in tropical dry forest. The study included three localities: Cañadas de Ajuchitlán and El Limón, situated within the Sierra de Huautla Biosphere Reserve (REBIOSH) natural protected area, and San Miguel de los Elotes, which is outside of the REBIOSH. We systematically sampled each of the localities using two collection methods once per month for a full year (April 2013 to March 2014). A total of 4,017 specimens belonging to 119 species and 83 genera were collected. We recorded for the first time the presence of Perichares aurina Evans (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), in Mexico, 14 additional Hesperiidae species were new records for Morelos, Mexico, and 16% of the species recorded in this study are endemic to Mexico. Species richness was highest in August for the two localities (Cañadas de Ajuchitlán and El Limón), located within the REBIOSH. Species richness was highest in November for San Miguel de los Elotes, which is outside of the REBIOSH. In terms of the alpha diversity values (0D, observed diversity), Cañadas de Ajuchitlán had the highest species richness. In the analysis of similarity (Beta diversity), the two localities within the REBIOSH had the highest species similarity, despite being the most geographically distant.
Clinical Significance of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Takae Masafumi , Yamamoto Eiichiro , Tokitsu Takanori , Oike Fumi , Nishihara Taiki , Fujisue Koichiro , Sueta Daisuke , Usuku Hiroki , Motozato Kota , Ito Miwa , Kanazawa Hisanori , Araki Satoshi , Nakamura Taishi , Arima Yuichiro , Takashio Seiji , Suzuki Satoru , Sakamoto Kenji , Soejima Hirofumi , Yamabe Hiroshige , Kaikita Koichi , Tsujita Kenichi 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Although pulse wave velocity (PWV) is recognized to be a risk predictor for various cardiovascular diseases, the association of brachial–ankle PWV (baPWV) with cardiovascular outcomes in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) patients remains uncertain.

METHODS
We measured ankle-brachial pressure index (ABI) and baPWV values at stable condition after optimal therapy for HF in 201 consecutive HFrEF patients admitted to Kumamoto University Hospital from 2007 to 2015 who were enrolled and followed until the occurrence of cardiovascular events. We defined peripheral artery disease (PAD) as ABI value ≤ 0.9.

RESULTS
Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that HFrEF patients with peripheral artery disease PAD had a significant higher risk of total cardiovascular and HF-related events than those without PAD (P = 0.03 and P = 0.01, respectively). Next, we divided HFrEF patients without PAD into 3 groups according to baPWV values. In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, total cardiovascular and HF-related events in the highest baPWV group (1,800 cm/second ≤ baPWV) had a significantly higher frequency than those in the mid-level baPWV group (1,400 cm/second ≤ baPWV &lt; 1,800 cm/second) (P = 0.007 and P = 0.004, respectively). The hazard ratio between HFrEF patients in the mid-level baPWV group and those with other baPWV groups was compared after adjustment for other cofounders. The probabilities of HF-related events were significantly higher in the lowest and highest baPWV group.

CONCLUSION
Identifying complications of PAD and measuring baPWV values in HFrEF patients were useful for predicting their prognosis.
Trial Registration: UMIN000034358.
Neglected cause of recurrent syncope: a case report of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension
Authors: Miller Robert J H , Chew Derek S , Raj Satish R 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Syncope commonly results in emergency room and physician visits, leading to hospitalization and invasive investigations. Up to 24% of these presentations may be caused by neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH), which continues to be an under-recognized clinical entity. We review an approach to diagnosing nOH.

Case summary
An 85-year-old man with a history of Parkinson’s disease was referred for a history of recurrent syncope, which had resulted in extensive cardiac investigation. Collateral history revealed that the events were orthostatic in nature, but with variable time to onset of symptoms. The patient was found to have significant postural drop in blood pressure without compensatory tachycardia. Cardiovascular autonomic function testing was performed, which confirmed significant autonomic nervous system failure, including a marked hypotensive response on tilt-table testing and a lack of vasoconstriction during Valsalva manoeuvre. The patient was diagnosed with nOH and initiated on midodrine with subjective improvement in the frequency of syncope.

Discussion
Autonomic nervous system failure, with nOH, is a common cause of recurrent syncope, particularly in older patients. Attention to detail during the medical history, including precipitating factors and the presence of prodromal symptoms prior to syncope, is critical for making the correct diagnosis. Measuring orthostatic vital signs correctly in patients with syncope provides valuable information, is cost-effective, and critical to diagnose nOH.
Reconciling the Mitonuclear Compatibility Species Concept with Rampant Mitochondrial Introgression
Authors: Hill Geoffrey E 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe mitonuclear compatibility species concept defines a species as a population that is genetically isolated from other populations by uniquely coadapted mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear genes. A key prediction of this hypothesis is that the mt genotype of each species will be functionally distinct and that introgression of mt genomes will be prevented by mitonuclear incompatibilities that arise when heterospecific mt and nuclear genes attempt to cofunction to enable aerobic respiration. It has been proposed, therefore, that the observation of rampant introgression of mt genotypes from one species to another constitutes a strong refutation of the mitonuclear speciation. The displacement of a mt genotype from a nuclear background with which it co-evolved to a foreign nuclear background will necessarily lead to fitness loss due to mitonuclear incompatibilities. Here I consider two potential benefits of mt introgression between species that may, in some cases, overcome fitness losses arising from mitonuclear incompatibilities. First, the introgressed mt genotype may be better adapted to the local environment than the native mt genotype such that higher fitness is achieved through improved adaptation via introgression. Second, if the mitochondria of the recipient taxa carry a high mutational load, then introgression of a foreign, less corrupt mt genome may enable the recipient taxa to escape its mutational load and gain a fitness advantage. Under both scenarios, fitness gains from novel mt genotypes could theoretically compensate for the fitness that is lost via mitonuclear incompatibility. I also consider the role of endosymbionts in non-adaptive rampant introgression of mt genomes. I conclude that rampant introgression is not necessarily evidence against the idea of tight mitonuclear coadaptation or the mitonuclear compatibility species concept. Rampant mt introgression will typically lead to erasure of species but in some cases could lead to hybrid speciation.
Galaxy morphology prediction using Capsule Networks
Authors: Katebi Reza , Zhou Yadi , Chornock Ryan , Bunescu Razvan 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Understanding morphological types of galaxies is a key parameter for studying their formation and evolution. Neural networks that have been used previously for galaxy morphology classification have some disadvantages, such as not being inherently invariant under rotation. In this work, we studied the performance of Capsule Network (CapsNet), a recently introduced neural network architecture that is rotationally invariant and spatially aware, on the task of galaxy morphology classification. We designed two evaluation scenarios based on the answers from the question tree in the Galaxy Zoo project. In the first scenario, we used CapsNet for regression and predicted probabilities for all of the questions. In the second scenario, we chose the answer to the first morphology question that had the highest user agreement as the class of the object and trained a CapsNet classifier, where we also reconstructed galaxy images. We achieved promising results in both of these scenarios. Automated approaches such as the one introduced here will play a critical role in the upcoming large sky surveys.
Classifying suicidal behavior with resting‐state functional connectivity and structural neuroimaging
Authors: Gosnell S. N. , Fowler J. C. , Salas R. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectiveAbout 80% of patients who commit suicide do not report suicidal ideation the last time they speak to their mental health provider, highlighting the need to identify biomarkers of suicidal behavior. Our goal is to identify suicidal behavior neural biomarkers to classify suicidal psychiatric inpatients.MethodsEighty percent of our sample [suicidal (n = 63) and non‐suicidal psychiatric inpatients (n = 65)] was used to determine significant differences in structural and resting‐state functional connectivity measures throughout the brain. These measures were used in a random forest classification model on 80% of the sample for training the model.ResultsThe model built on 80% of the patients had sensitivity = 79.4% and specificity = 72.3%. This model was tested on an independent sample (20%; n = 32) with sensitivity = 81.3% and specificity = 75.0% for confirming the generalizability of the model. Altered resting‐state functional connectivity features from frontal and middle temporal regions, as well as the amygdala, parahippocampus, putamen, and vermis were found to generalize best.ConclusionThis work demonstrates neuroimaging (an unbiased biomarker) can be used to classify suicidal behavior in psychiatric inpatients without observing any clinical features.
Do implant‐supported fixed partial prostheses improve masticatory performance in patients with unilateral posterior missing teeth?
Authors: Khoury‐Ribas Laura , Ayuso‐Montero Raul , Willaert Eva , Peraire Maria , Martinez‐Gomis Jordi 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to determine the improvement in masticatory performance and satisfaction with chewing ability in partially edentulous patients after treatment with an implant‐supported fixed partial prosthesis (ISFPP).Material and methodsThis prospective study included 30 patients (mean age 59 years; 17 women) with unilateral posterior missing teeth treated with one‐, two‐ or three‐unit ISFPPs and 10 healthy individuals (mean age 36 years; 8 women) with complete natural dentition to establish the normal levels of mastication. Three variables were determined at baseline and at 3‐months’ follow‐up in all participants: masticatory performance according to the median particle size (MPS) during freestyle mastication and unilateral mastication on each side, and satisfaction with chewing ability using a visual analog scale. Paired samples t test and Kruskal–Wallis test were used for intra‐group and inter‐group comparisons.ResultsThe MPS following freestyle mastication decreased significantly at 3 months in both groups. Significant reductions of 21%, 30%, and 42% in the MPS were obtained from unilateral mastication on the treated side after treatment with 1, 2, or 3 restorative units, respectively. Three months after ISFPP, satisfaction with chewing ability improved by 40% in the treatment group.ConclusionsFreestyle masticatory performance may improve slightly within three months of treatment with an ISFPP and may be similar to that of subjects with complete natural dentition. Patients may obtain a 21%–38% improvement in unilateral mastication on the treated side and a 26%–54% improvement in satisfaction with chewing ability.
Astrocyte morphology: Diversity, plasticity, and role in neurological diseases
Authors: Zhou Bin , Zuo Yun‐Xia , Jiang Ruo‐Tian 
Published: March 2019

SummaryAstrocytes are the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and participate in synaptic, circuit, and behavioral functions. The well‐developed protoplasmic astrocytes contain numerous processes forming well‐delineated bushy territories that overlap by as little as 5% at their boundaries. This highly complex morphology, with up to approximately 80% of the cell's membrane constituted by fine processes with dimensions on the tens of nanometer scale and high surface area to volume ratios, comes in contact with synapses, blood vessels, and other glial cells. Recent progress is challenging the conventional view that astrocytes are morphologically homogeneous throughout the brain; instead, they display circuit‐ and region‐specific morphological diversity that may contribute to the heterogeneous astrocyte‐neuron spatiotemporal interplay in different brain areas. Further, the fine structure of astrocytes is found to be highly plastic and activity‐dependent. We are beginning to understand how astrocyte structural plasticity contributes to brain functions. The change/loss of astrocyte morphology, traditionally known as a hallmark for reactive astrogliosis, is a common pathological feature in many neurological disorders. However, recent data suggest the fine structural deficits preceding reactive astrogliosis may drive disease progression. This review summarizes recent advances in astrocyte morphological diversity, plasticity, and disease‐related deficits.
Maternal perception of the impact of anterior caries and its treatment on children: A qualitative study
Authors: Custódio Natália Baschirotto , Schardosim Lisandrea Rocha , Piovesan Camila Peixoto , Hochscheidt Luísa , Goettems Marília Leão 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundQualitative studies could allow a more comprehensive understanding about the breadth of children's experiences and perspectives regarding the impact of dental caries treatment.AimTo assess parental perception about children's oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) following the rehabilitation of carious primary anterior teeth.MethodsA purposive sample of parents of preschool children attending a University Dental Clinic due to caries in primary anterior teeth was recruited. Qualitative individual interviews about parental perception regarding children's oral health were conducted, audio‐recorded, and transcribed verbatim. An interview guide was used, based on the instrument ECOHIS. The responses were analysed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsMothers of 10 children aged 4‐8 years old participated. Four themes emerged during data analysis: (a) Perception about the presence and occurrence of caries; (b) Impact on the child's OHRQoL; (c) Impact on family's OHRQoL; and (d) Changes in OHRQoL following oral rehabilitation.ConclusionMothers of children with dental caries in anterior teeth reported impact on children's and family's life. Also, mothers’ reports demonstrated that oral rehabilitation caused positive changes in their children's well‐being and everyday life.
Electric field induced splitting of the preferred orientation in PMN‐PT textured ceramics
Authors: Gollapudi Sreenivasulu , Gao Min , Li Jiefang , Chang Yunfei , Messing Gary L. , Meyer Richard J. , Viehland Dwight 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe have performed studies of the orientation distribution in <001>C textured, 0.03(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 ‐ 0.97[0.715Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO3 ‐ 0.285PbTiO3] (0.03NBT‐0.97[PMN‐28.5PT]) ceramics by a pole figure method, comparing the results to those for PMN‐PT single crystal and polycrystal samples. The pole figures about the (001) zone are found to have monoclinic, Ma, phase for textured ceramics in the annealed condition and were similar to those for electrically poled single crystals. However, electrical poling of the textured ceramics resulted in a doublet splitting of the orientation distribution about the direction that defined the original grain texturing. Studies of pole figures about other high‐symmetry zones also revealed the development of some degree of preferred orientation along the in‐plane directions after poling. Our findings demonstrate that E‐field induced phase transformation and domain textures superimpose with that of preferred grain orientations, giving rise to a unique texture symmetry for PMN‐PT. The texture symmetry changes are driven by minimization of the elastic strain energy, and have an important effect upon the piezoelectric properties.