bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial and phosphate solubilization activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from Pterydophyta (Tectaria barberi)
Authors: Munir E , Mamangkey J , Lutfia A , Yurnaliza  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Endophytic bacteria have been isolated from many plants and their contribution to host plants have been proposed by many researchers, such as preventing plant from pathogens, producing plant growth hormones, producing bioactive compounds, solubilizing phosphate, etc. However, the study of endophytes of pioneer plant such as fern is very limited. The objective of this study was to obtain potential endophytic bacteria from fern Tectaria barberi and to measure their ability to inhibit the growth of human pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli (EPEC), Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Listeria monocytogenes BTCC B693, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315). The ability of isolates in solubilizing phosphate was measured to learn possible role of endophytes for the plant. Six endophytic bacteria were obtained. Antagonistic test indicated all isolates inhibited the growth of tested pathogens to some extends. Isolates EPS36 showed the highest inhibition activity against EPEC (with inhibition zone 8.6 mm). The isolate also inhibited the growth of S. aureus and S. epidermidis by 6.1 and 6.6 mm, respectively. EPS37 inhibited the growth of S. aureus by 6.1 mm, EPS02 inhibited P. vulgaris (5.6 mm), EPS42 to L. monocytogenes (5.7 mm), and EPS21 inhibited MRSA (5 mm). Qualitative screening of isolates in Pikovskaya media after 24 hours incubation showed that EPS41, EPS36, and EPS37 formed clear zone surrounding the colony indicating their ability to solubilize phosphates. As far literatures has been surveyed, this is the first study of endophytes bacterial isolates from pteridophytes in the country, and a lot more is needed in order to elaborate the role of endophytes from this plant.
Correlation of net photosynthesis to the sum of productive branches and seed weight on shaded soybean
Authors: Mawarni Lisa , Chairunnisa T , Karyudi  
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The morpho-physiological of plants will be changed in shaded condition. This paper examined the correlation of net photosynthesis to the sum of productive branches and seed weight on four shaded soybeans at various shading levels. A split-plot factorial design was used in this study with three replications. The treatments consisted of shading level as the main plot with four treatment levels, namely 0% (no shade), 30%, 50%, and 70% shade; soybean varieties as the subplot consisted of four soybean varieties, namely Anjasmoro, Pangrango, Tanggamus, and Nanti. The net photosynthetic data and seven agronomic characteristics data were analyzed by ANOVA (F test) followed by the DMRT and Pearson correlation analysis at test level 5%. The result showed that the number of productive branches and seed weights per plant positively correlated with net photosynthesis which was significant at 0.47% and 0.41%, respectively.
Physicochemical properties of egg roll from composite flour of wheat and purple flesh sweet potato
Authors: Nurminah Mimi , Ginting Sentosa , Sitorus Christine Juliani 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Intensification of use of local food like purple flesh sweet potato is useful for food diversification program and food endurance in Indonesia. Physicochemical properties of egg roll from addition purple flesh sweet potato flour and concentration of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) have been learned, with ratio of wheat flour with purple flesh sweet potato flour (T): (80%:20%; 60:40%; 40%:60%; and 20%:80%) and concentration of CMC (C): (0%; 0,5%; 1,0%; and 1,5%). Using wheat flour with purple flesh sweet potato flour of (60%:40%) and concentration of CMC (0,5%) gave the best quality of egg roll.
The Effect of Lime Solution’s Concentration (Ca(OH2) on Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Durian Seed’s Flour (Durio zibethinus)
Authors: Nurminah Mimi , Nainggolan Rona J , Simanjuntak Febryola K 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lime solution was used to decrease mucus in durian seed, so durian seed can be used for food like flour. The introduction of durian seed for flour is aimed to looking for new resource of flour, decrease our dependence on wheat flour, and support food diversification program. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of lime solution’s concentration in durian seed’s flour using completely randomized design by single factor. Durian seed’s flours production which lime solution’s concentration (K) was used as factors (0,1%, 0,5%, 0,9%, 1,3%). Parameters analized were ash, moisture, fat, protein, crude fiber, aroma and color. Based on the analysis parameters results, the best durian seed’s flour will be applied in muffin’s production. The results showed that lime solution soaking treatment (Ca(OH)2) 0,1% produced the best durian seed’s flour.
The Effectiveness of Botanical Insecticides of Four Plant Types and Adjuvants on Nutrition Index of The Fifth Instar Larvae of Heliothis Armigera Hubner
Authors: Nursal  , Ilyas Syafruddin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The effectiveness of the botanical insecticide formulations derived from a mixture of the ethanol extracts of the four plants; sweet orange peel (Citrus sinensis), Mexican sunflower leaf (Tithonia diversifolia), ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) with and without miracle adjuvant has been examined on the nutritional index of the fifth instar larvae of H. Armigera. Nutritional index parameters were observed using a complete randomized design (CRD) with six treatment concentrations (0.00%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 1.00%, 2.00%, 4.00%) and 15 larvae for the iterations. The observation data were analyzed by variance if there was any difference followed by Duncan’s test at the level of 5%. The results showed that all treatment concentrations, both with and without miracle adjuvant, could reduce the larval nutrition index and differ from the control treatments, namely; relative consumption rate (RCR) at 19,506% - 28,457% without adjuvant and at 16,566% - 36,740% with adjuvant; relative growth rate (RGR) at 10,545% - 45,545% without adjuvant and at 22,545% - 62,545% with adjuvant; efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) with and without adjuvant at 14,041% - 24,951% and 16,651% - 57,302% respectively, while the efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) is at 14,629% - 30,106% without adjuvant and at 16,651% - 57,302% with adjuvant. On the contrary, the approximate digestibility (AD) increased by 18,195% - 30,656% without adjuvant and 22,223% - 62,579% with adjuvant. The effect caused by botanical insecticide formulation with miracle adjuvant is higher compared to the one without any adjuvant. Effective concentration with adjuvant occurs at 2%, and 4% without adjuvant. The results of phytochemical screening showed that the ethanol extract of sweet orange peel contained 5 secondary metabolites (alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, tannin, saponin), 2 (Flavonoid and Tannin) in Mexican sunflower leaf, 5 (Flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, steroid, and tannins) in ginger rhizomes, and 3 (terpenoids, steroids, saponins) in lemongrass stems.
In Silico Studies in Antimicrobial Peptides Design and Development
Authors: Rinanda T 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a group of natural-derived molecules exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity. Currently these molecules have been investigated comprehensively due to their interesting features regarding antimicrobial and immunomodulatory mode of actions which placed them as promising therapeutics agents in this post antibiotics era. Numerous strategies have been implemented in order to develop a novel AMP for biotechnology and therapeutics applications, one of which is in silico study.. This approach offers a rapid and cost effective manner in AMPs design and development. In silico studies provide additional and substantial information for in vitro techniques. In this paper, we deliver an overview of the applicable in silico approaches that have been used in designing and developing AMPs.
Effects of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L) and Conservation Method on the Chemical and Biological Properties of Soil
Authors: Mico Saputra Whin Themas , Rauf Abdul , Sabrina Tengku 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This study was aimed to determine the use of conservation techniques and compost fertilizer application on small holder oil palm plants with different planting years to repair and improve of chemical and biological soil character. This research was conducted in Pagarmanik Village, Silinda Sub-District, Serdang Bedagai Regency and PT. Socfin Indonesia and also Central Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Sumatera Utara. The research was conducted in February 2018 to June 2018. The research used Split Plot Design with 2 factors and 4 replications. Factor I: year planting (Main plot) consists of 2 levels, T1: 5 years planting and T2: 20 years planting and Factor II: conservation method (sub-plot) consists of 3 levels, K1: conventional, K2: concave disk + compost and K3 : individual rorak + compost. The compost used is municipal waste + cow/sheep manure + urine and cow washing water with 5: 5: 5: 1 ratio. Soil sampling is carried out vertically with 0-60 cm depth. The parameters used are soil pH, cation exchange capacity and organic soil matter. The results showed that the use of conservation techniques in oil palm plants can maintain the pH soil content (20 years) and cation exchange capacity in the soil in 20 years old plants but have not been able to maintain the C-organik content in the soil at the age of 20 years.
Lead accumulation activity of fungi isolated from Batang Toru, South Tapanuli, North Sumatra
Authors: Wijaya N , Priyani N , Munir E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Lead is non-essential heavy metal, resistant to corrosion and toxic to living organisms. The metal is widely used in industrial processes such as in smelting, paintings, electronics, automotives, etc. It is the major heavy metal contaminating environment and usually accumulates in waste of mining activity. Batang Toru is a site of gold mining in North Sumatra in a district of South Tapanuli. The research was aimed to obtain the potential fungal isolates from the district, and to measure their ability to accumulate lead in their mycelia. Fungi were isolated from soil at Batang Toru area and then were screened for their tolerance of lead in minimalagar medium supplemented with lead. The lead uptake was assayed by growing the isolates in minimal broth medium containinga different concentration of lead. A total of fifteen fungal isolates were obtained from potato dextrose agar medium. Three isolates (XF02, XF09, and XF21) exhibited the best growth response in lead supplemented media. The ability of the isolates to accumulate lead in the mycelia varied from 10,843 to 92,325 mg/g. The highest accumulation of lead was shown by XF02 isolate with 92,325 mg/g of mycelia. Then this result indicates that the fungi obtained in the study are potential candidates for metal remediation application in the future.
Extraction of Phenol and Antioxidant Compounds from Kepok Banana Skin with PEF Pre-Treatment
Authors: Hendrawan Yusuf , Larasati Ratri , Wibisono Yusuf , Umam Choirul , Sutan Sandra Malin , Choviya Hawa La 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Kepok banana (Musa parasidiaca L) consumption produce banana skin waste that is only used as animal feed and house waste. Kepok banana peel contains phenol and antioxidants of 12.35% and other compounds. These compounds can be extracted using maceration methods. A pre-treatment process is needed to increase phenol compounds and antioxidants using Pulsed Electric Field (PEF). The advantage of using PEF pre-treatment is that it can break down the cell membrane with the electric shock without using high temperatures. The purpose of this study is to increase the total phenol using PEF pre-treatment to obtain optimal result. PEF pre-treatment varied by electricity field strength and PEF time, where the electric field strength used was 2, 3, and 4 kv/cm and the duration of time used was 2, 3, and 4 minutes. The method used for testing the total phenol content is the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the method used for testing antioxidant activity is the DPPH (1,1-dyphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. In the study, the best value of the total phenol content was in the electric field strength variation of 4 kv/cm for 2 minutes, which was 1.664 ± 0.226 mg GAE/mg dry extract. Whereas the best value on the antioxidant activity test on Kepok banana peel is on 4 kv/cm for 4 minutes, which was 13.086 ± 4.547 mg/ml.
Physiological Effect of Colchicine Treatment to Garlic (Allium sativum L.) cv. Doulu
Authors: Ayu G M , Elimasni  , Nurwahyuni I 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Productivity of garlic from Doulu cultivar is still considered low and has not yet been able to fulfill local needs, especially in North Sumatera. Meanwhile, the public interest of local garlic was low due to its tiny size and high cost compared to imported garlic. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of colchicine concentration during immersion treatment towards physiological performance of Doulu cultivar. Experimental design used in this study was randomized block design with two factorials comprised of 20 combinations and three replications. The first factor was colchicine concentration (D): 0% (D0), 0.1% (D1), 0.2% (D2), and 0.3% (D3). The second factor was immersion durations: 0 (T0), 6 (T1), 12 (T2), 18 (T3), 24 (T4) hr. The results showed that control group exhibit higher value in terms of plant height, number of leaves, dry and fresh weight of bulbs compared to treatment groups. Concentration of 0% (control) within 12 hr of immersion duration (D0T2) showed the highest plant height of 22.38 cm, producing 5.05 leaves and dry weight of 1.57 g. The heaviest weight of fresh bulbs was observed from treatment group, in concentration 0.3% colchicine within 0 hr of immersion duration (D3T0) yielding 4.58 g.
Daily Activity of Elephant Allomothers (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU) Area, Langkat, North Sumatera
Authors: Berliani Kaniwa , Hartini Kansih Sri , Andriani Yuli 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is a social animal living in groups. A group of elephant is called herd consists of male, female, allomother and calf. Non-parenting females are called allomother with the role of maintaining calves from other females. In daily activity, allomother may also display a typical infant handling which is valuable for studying interaction between them. This study will describe the daily activity of elephant allomother in Tangkahan Conservation Response Unit (CRU) Area, Langkat, North Sumatera. Methodology used was focal animal sampling with continuous sampling of data record. Object in this study were two allomothers, namely Ardana and Sari with three calves, namely Christopher, Albertina and Eropa. Daily activities of allomothers were recorded as Defecating (DF), Urinating (UR), Mudding (MU), Resting (RE), Mating (MT), Salting (ST), Feeding (FE), Parenting (PR), Drinking (DR) and Walking (WK). We recorded 19,569 sample points from allomother daily activities with Ardana having 10,838 points and Sari having 8,821 points. The longest duration of activity recorded were: Parenting (PR) with 5,807.13 min, Walking (WK) with 5,695.50 min and Feeding (FE) with 3,842.71 min. The shortest duration recorded was Mating (MT) with only 18.96 min while remaining activities lasting between 346.25 to 614.63 min. Duration of daily activities is directly proportional to the percentage of frequency performed by allomothers.
Asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator with single flow system: field-test scale, thermal performance parameters, and E. coli inactivation
Authors: Laithong Wreerat , Tepsri Phattarathicha , Thepa Sirichai , Songprakorp Roongrojana , Yoriya Sorachon 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This work presents a developed field-test scaled asymmetrical compound parabolic concentrator (ACPC) and an investigation of its performance with a single flow system of water on Escherichia coli inactivation. As a function of water flow rate, ability to produce hot water of the ACPC and hence inhibit the growth of bacterial in water is focused to study; the flow rates varied are 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 l min−1. With a design and choice of material, the constructed ACPC unit with 0.2 l min−1 could produce hot water with maximum temperature of 76.4 °C, with lower flow rates resulting in the lower outlet water temperature and consequently the reduced kinetics of bacteria inactivation. Thermal performance parameters have been described in a correlative view with the particular operation condition and flow rate variables through mathematic calculation. The effect of inlet driving temperature, believed to play a significant role controlling the outlet temperature, on E. coli inactivation has been investigated.
Orthodox Christianity: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To many in the West, Orthodoxy remains shrouded in mystery, an exotic and foreign religion that survived in the East following the Great Schism of 1054 that split the Christian world into two camps—Catholic and Orthodox. However, as the second largest Christian denomination, Orthodox Christianity is anything but foreign to the nearly 300 million worshippers who practice it. For them, Orthodoxy is a living, breathing reality. Whether they are Greek, Russian, or American, Orthodox Christians are united by a common tradition and faith that binds them together despite differences in culture. Orthodox Christianity: A Very Short Introduction explores the enduring role of this religion, and the history, beliefs, and practices that have shaped it.
Byzantines and Franks
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The encounter with Islam impacted Christianity in many ways, and was one of the contributing factors in one of the most acrimonious debates in the Eastern church—the iconoclast controversy. The question was whether the use of icons (pictures of Jesus, Mary, and the saints) violated the biblical commandment prohibiting the worship of graven images. ‘Byzantines and Franks’ discusses the battle between the iconoclasts and the iconodules, and how, despite these troubles, Christianity continued to grow in the East and West. However, by the eleventh century, the “Great Schism” that divided the Christian world into the Orthodox East and the Catholic West had begun. The Crusades and the sack of Constantinople in 1204 deepened the divide.
Sources of Orthodox thought
Authors: Siecienski A. Edward 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
At times the Orthodox themselves have had difficulty distinguishing custom and Tradition, but on the whole Orthodoxy knows that some traditions must be preserved while others may not be as essential. So what then is Tradition? For the Orthodox it is the faith received by the Apostles from Christ, handed down complete without addition or subtraction over two millennia, and lived out in the daily life of the church. Preserving the Tradition has been one of the distinguishing features of Orthodox Christianity. ‘Sources of Orthodox thought’ considers the ways in which the Tradition has manifested and expressed itself: from the Bible and the canons to the church fathers, saints, and worship.
Nazi Germany: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Caplan Jane 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The Nazi regime dominated European history for twelve years between 1933 and 1945, and left a legacy that still echoes today. Nazi Germany: A Very Short Introduction provides a highly relevant reminder of the fragility of democratic institutions, and the ways in which a mass political movement, the exploitation of popular fears, and frail political opposition can lead to the imposition of dictatorship. After considering the emergence and popular appeal of the Nazi party, it examines the relationships between belief, consent, and terror in securing the regime, alongside the crucial role played by Hitler. Arguing that war and conquest were intrinsic to National Socialism, this VSI shows how genocide became its ultimate goal, and concludes with a discussion of the place of Nazi Germany in history and public memory.
From Munich to Berlin (via Weimar)
Authors: Caplan Jane 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The ‘Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei’ (National Socialist German Workers’ Party), was a product of the new political and social universe of post-war Germany. ‘From Munich to Berlin (via Weimar)’ traces the history of the NSDAP from its early base in Munich to the appointment of Hitler as chancellor in January 1933, paying particular attention to the party’s regional base. It explains the popular appeal of the Nazi party beyond the core of believers; the impact of the Depression; and the crisis of elite politics that brought the party to power.
Preparing for war
Authors: Caplan Jane 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hitler saw war not simply as a rational vehicle of policy, but also as an incarnation of his own and Germany’s destiny, a belief that justified the extraordinary risks he repeatedly took. ‘Preparing for war’ examines Hitler’s primary ambition to conquer German ‘living space’ (Lebensraum) in the east, and his plans for a pan-European ‘New Order’ freed from Bolshevism, plutocracy, and international Judaism. It also discusses Germany’s economic and political preparations for war, its territorial acquisitions before the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and its victories in western Europe in 1940.
Translating Domesticity in Chinese History and Historiography
Authors: LaCouture Elizabeth 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This article examines knowledge about “domesticity” in China in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and argues against the naturalization of Euro-American historiographical frameworks around “domesticity.” “Domesticity” was not a Chinese concept: although Confucianism had long connected the household to the state through ideology and prescriptive practices, Anglo-American ideas about “domesticity” were translated into Chinese first by way of Japan in the late nineteenth century, and second by way of American missionary educators in the twentieth century. “Domesticity” did not translate easily into Chinese, however; neither the ideology nor its pedagogical practices ever became popular in China. The history of translating “domesticity” into Chinese thus reveals that Euro-American historiographical terms that were once thought to be universal map poorly onto other places and suggests that we need more inclusive frames for comparative gender history.
Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe, by Hayden White
Authors: Dean Carolyn J. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Hayden White’s 1973 Metahistory tossed the entire concept of historical science out the window, claiming that historians are fundamentally artists who imbue historical action with aesthetic and ethical purpose. The book urged historians to grapple with whether and how their writing creates rather than reflects reality. It also celebrated the ethics and art of history-writing and diminished historians’ empirical claims. There were two receptions of White’s work: the first, amply documented, was among intellectual historians and others in humanities’ disciplines, especially literary theory; the second took place within the mainstream of the discipline and has received little attention. This essay assesses how mainstream historians’ reception of Metahistory unfolded from the 1970s, and with what consequences. Historians focused on White’s purported conflation of language and reality and neglected his argument about how and why historians resist theory. In so doing, he demonstrated—and the reception of his work demonstrates in turn—that historians most effectively resist theory when they seem most to engage it.