bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analytical Determination of Phylloquinone (Vitamin K1) in Olive Oils. Comparison with Other Vegetable Oils
Authors: Rébufa Catherine , Artaud Jacques 
Published: February 2018

Olive oil is mainly consumed in the Mediterranean basin and is an important source of lipids, antioxidants, and vitamins. Vitamin E (tocopherols) and phylloquinone (vitamin K1), are present in oils. If vitamin E is the subject of numerous studies, it is not the case for phylloquinone. The aim of this work is to uncover the latest advancements on phylloquinone contents in olive and vegetable oils. A bibliometric study, from Google Scholar and Web of Science databases, on the determination of phylloquinone content in vegetable oils made it possible to count a large number of scientific papers related to food matrices but few articles on olive and vegetable oils. The analysis of relevant works allows the comparison of the phylloquinone content of olive oils to the other vegetable oils. The different steps of oil sample preparation before their analysis are reviewed. A compilation of analytical conditions and methods is realized and it is be found that liquid chromatography with post reduction column and fluorescence detection is the technique most appropriate. On the basis of their phylloquinone content, two oil groups are highlighted; olive oil belongs to the oil groups (canola, soybean, pumkin, avocado, and cottonseed) having higher values (60–348 μg 100 g−1) of phylloquinone.Pratical Application: Phylloquinone (or vitamin K1) content in vegetable oils and particularly in olive oils is little documented. Phylloquinone exists under E and Z forms in oils. The recommended daily intake (for women and men) varies between 55 and 120 μg day−1 for patients without anticoagulant medication. The knowledge of the two isomers content in vegetable oils is important in nutrition and heath fields because only the E isomer is bioactive.This review reports the small amount of phylloquinone content data in olive oil in spite of numerous scientific papers on this oil. The knowledge of phylloquinone isomers content in vegetable oils is important in nutrition and health fields since only the E isomer is bioactive. Olive oil is classified with vegetable oils showing a high phylloquinone content.
Poly‐(pyrrole‐3‐carboxylic acid) Based Nanostructured Platform for the Detection of Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: Iordănescu Andreea , Tertis Mihaela , Cernat Andreea , Suciu Maria , Săndulescu Robert , Cristea Cecilia 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA nanostructured platform based on pyrrole 3‐carboxylic acid was developed and it was used for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen, a biomarker for gastro‐intestinal tract cancers. The conductive polymer offers possibilities for functionalization due to the presence of the carboxylic group. The platform was tailored by polymerizing pyrrole 3‐carboxylic acid at the surface of a graphite‐based screen‐printed electrode by using multiple pulse amperometry and cyclic voltammetry. The carboxylic groups were activated, facilitating the formation of amide covalent bonds with the terminal amine groups from the antibody. Each step's optimization was tracked by performing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The immunosensor was successfully applied for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in synthetic samples. By comparing pyrrole 3‐carboxylic acid with pyrrole, significantly greater increases of the charge transfer resistance were achieved by using the functionalized monomer for the immobilization step. The binding of the anti‐CEA was reproducible and directly proportional with its concentration. The increase of the charge transfer resistance after the incubation with carcinoembryonic antigen was linearly correlated with the concentration of the sample and the LOD was 33.33 pg mL−1. A simple nanostructured platform for the label‐free detection of a carcinogenic biomarker molecule was developed, thus holding great opportunities for clinical diagnostics and other biosensor applications.
Size and molecular weight determination of polysaccharides by means of nano electrospray gas‐phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (nES GEMMA)
Authors: Weiss Victor U. , Golesne Monika , Friedbacher Gernot , Alban Susanne , Szymanski Wladyslaw W. , Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina , Allmaier Günter 
Published: February 2018

AbstractSize, size distribution and molecular weight (MW) determination of nanoparticles and that are for example large polymers, are of great interest and pose an analytical challenge. In this context, nano electrospray gas‐phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis (nES GEMMA) is a valuable tool with growing impact. Separation of single‐charged analytes according to their electrophoretic mobility diameter (EMD) starting from single‐digit EMDs up to several hundred nm diameters is possible. In case of spherical analytes, the EMD corresponds to the dry nanoparticle size. Additionally, the instrument is capable of number‐based, single‐particle detection following the recommendation of the European Commission for nanoparticle characterization (2011/696/EU). In case an EMD/MW correlation for a particular compound class (based on availability of well‐defined standards) exists, a nanoparticle's MW can be determined from its EMD. In the present study, we focused on nES GEMMA of linear and branched, water‐soluble polysaccharides forming nanoparticles and were able to obtain spectra for both analyte classes regarding single‐charged species. Based on EMDs for corresponding analytes, an excellent EMD/MW correlation could be obtained in case of the branched natural polymer (dextran). This enables the determination of dextran MWs from nES GEMMA spectra despite high analyte polydispersity and in a size/MW range, where classical mass spectrometry is limited. EMD/MW correlations based on linear (pullulans, oat‐ß‐glucans) polymers were significantly different, possibly indicating challenges in the exact MW determination of these compounds by, for example, chromatographic and light scattering means. Despite these observations, nES GEMMA of linear, monosaccharide‐based polymers enabled the determination of size and size‐distribution of such dry bionanoparticles.
Continuous sheath‐free separation of drug‐treated human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans by morphology in biocompatible polymer solutions
Authors: Li Di , Zielinski Jessica , Kozubowski Lukasz , Xuan Xiangchun 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCryptococcal meningitis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of fungal central nervous system infections. Current antifungal treatments for cryptococcal infections are inadequate partly due to the occurrence of drug resistance. Recent studies indicate that the treatment of the azole drug fluconazole changes the morphology of C. neoformans to form enlarged “multimeras” that consist of three or more connected cells/buds. To analyze if these multimeric cells are a prerequisite for C. neoformans to acquire drug resistance, a tool capable of separating them from normal cells is critical. We extend our recently demonstrated sheath‐free elasto‐inertial particle separation technique to fractionate drug‐treated C. neoformans cells by morphology in biocompatible polymer solutions. The separation performance is evaluated for both multimeric and normal cells in terms of three dimensionless metrics: efficiency, purity, and enrichment ratio. The effects of flow rate, polymer concentration, and microchannel height on cell separation are studied.
Combined AC‐electrokinetic effects: Theoretical considerations on a three‐axial ellipsoidal model
Authors: Gimsa Jan 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAC fields induce charges at the structural interfaces of particles or biological cells. The interaction of these charges with the field generates frequency‐dependent forces that are the basis for AC‐electrokinetic effects such as dielectrophoresis (DEP), electrorotation (ROT), electro‐orientation, and electro‐deformation. The effects can be used for the manipulation or dielectric single‐particle spectroscopy. The observation of a particular effect depends on the spatial and temporal field distributions, as well as on the shape and the dielectric and viscoelastic properties of the object. Because the effects are not mutually independent, combined frequency spectra are obtained, for example, discontinuous DEP and ROT spectra with ranges separated by the reorientation of nonspherical objects in the linearly and circularly polarized DEP and ROT fields, respectively. As an example, the AC electrokinetic behavior of a three‐axial ellipsoidal single‐shell model with the geometry of chicken‐red blood cells is considered. The geometric and electric problems were separated using the influential‐radius approach. The obtained finite‐element model can be electrically interpreted by an RC model leading to an expression for the Clausius–Mossotti factor, which permits the derivation of force, torque, and orientation spectra, as well as of equations for the critical frequencies and force plateaus in DEP and of the characteristic frequencies and peak heights in ROT. Expressions for the orientation in linearly and circularly polarized fields, as well as for the reorientation frequencies were also derived. The considerations suggested that the simultaneous registration of various AC‐electrokinetic spectra is a step towards the dielectric fingerprinting of single objects.
Variation in the sediment deposition behind check‐dams under different soil erosion conditions on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wei Yanhong , He Zhong , Jiao Juying , Li Yujin , Chen Yixian , Zhao Hengkang 
Published: February 2018

AbstractTo maintain a reasonable sediment regulation system in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, it is critical to determine the variation in sediment deposition behind check‐dams for different soil erosion conditions. Sediment samples were collected by using a drilling machine in the Fangta watershed of the loess hilly–gully region and the Manhonggou watershed of the weathered sandstone hilly–gully (pisha) region. On the basis of the check‐dam capacity curves, the soil bulk densities and the couplet thickness in these two small watersheds, the sediment yields were deduced at the watershed scale. The annual average sediment deposition rate in the Manhonggou watershed (702.0 mm/(km2·a)) from 1976 to 2009 was much higher than that in the Fangta watershed (171.6 mm/(km2·a)) from 1975 to 2013. The soil particle size distributions in these two small watersheds were generally centred on the silt and sand fractions, which were 42.4% and 50.7% in the Fangta watershed and 60.6% and 32.9% in the Manhonggou watershed, respectively. The annual sediment deposition yield exhibited a decreasing trend; the transition years were 1991 in the Fangta watershed and 1996 in the Manhonggou watershed (P< 0.05). In contrast, the annual average sediment deposition yield was much higher in the Manhonggou watershed (14011.1 t/(km2·a)) than in the Fangta watershed (3149.6 t/(km2·a)). In addition, the rainfalls that induced sediment deposition at the check‐dams were greater than 30 mm in the Fangta watershed and 20 mm in the Manhonggou watershed. The rainfall was not the main reason for the difference in the sediment yield between the two small watersheds. The conversion of farmland to forestland or grassland was the main reason for the decrease in the soil erosion in the Fangta watershed, while the weathered sandstone and bare land were the main factors driving the high sediment yield in the Manhonggou watershed. Knowledge of the sediment deposition process of check‐dams and the variation in the catchment sediment yield under different soil erosion conditions can serve as a basis for the implementation of improved soil erosion and sediment control strategies, particularly in semi‐arid hilly–gully regions. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance of growth rate on mercury and polychlorinated biphenyl bioaccumulation in fish
Authors: Li Jiajia , Haffner G. Douglas , Paterson Gordon , Walters David M. , Burtnyk Michael D. , Drouillard Ken G. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of fish growth on mercury (Hg) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) bioaccumulation, a non–steady-state toxicokinetic model, combined with a Wisconsin bioenergetics model, was developed to simulate Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). The model was validated by comparing observed with predicted Hg and PCB 180 concentrations across 5 age classes from 5 different waterbodies across North America. The non–steady-state model generated accurate predictions for Hg and PCB bioaccumulation in 3 of 5 waterbodies: Apsey Lake (ON, Canada), Sharbot Lake (ON, Canada), and Stonelick Lake (OH, USA). The poor performance of the model for the Detroit River (MI, USA/ON, Canada) and Lake Hartwell (GA/SC, USA), which are 2 well-known contaminated sites with possibly high heterogeneity in spatial contamination, was attributed to changes in feeding behavior and/or prey contamination. Model simulations indicate that growth dilution is a major component of contaminant bioaccumulation patterns in fish, especially during early life stages, and was predicted to be more important for hydrophobic PCBs than for Hg. Simulations that considered tissue-specific growth provided some improvement in model performance particularly for PCBs in fish populations that exhibited changes in their whole-body lipid content with age. Higher variation in lipid growth compared with that of lean dry protein was also observed between different bluegill populations, which partially explains the greater variation in PCB bioaccumulation slopes compared with Hg across sampling sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:1655–1667. © 2018 SETAC
Robust clustering for ad hoc cognitive radio network
Authors: Li Di , Fang Erwin , Gross James 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCluster structure in cognitive radio (CR) networks facilitates cooperative spectrum sensing, routing, and other functionalities. Unlicensed channels, which are temporally available for a group of CR users in one area, consolidate the group into a cluster. More available unlicensed channels in a cluster make the cluster more likely to uphold against the licensed users' influence, making clusters more robust. This paper analyzes the problem of how to form robust clusters in a CR network such that CR systems benefit from collaboration within clusters despite intense primary user activity. We give a formal description of the robust clustering problem, prove it to be NP‐hard, and propose both centralized and distributed solutions. The congestion game model is adopted to analyze the process of cluster formation, which not only contributes to the design of the distributed clustering scheme but also provides a guarantee on the convergence to a Nash equilibrium and the convergence speed. The proposed distributed clustering scheme outperforms state‐of‐the‐art in terms of cluster robustness, convergence speed, and overhead. Extensive simulations are presented supporting the theoretical claims.
Genesis of the Xishadegai Mo deposit in Inner Mongolia, North China: Constraints from geology, geochronology, fluid inclusion, and isotopic compositions
Authors: Zhang Yong‐Mei , Gu Xue‐Xiang , Sun Xuan , Zhao Wei , Xiang Zhong‐Lin , Liu Rui‐Ping 
Published: February 2018

The Xishadegai Mo deposit is a medium‐sized deposit located in the northern margin of the North China Craton. The Mo mineralization is structurally controlled, and spatially and temporally related to the Xishadegai felsic intrusive rocks. Ore bodies mainly occur as quartz veins/veinlets in altered granitic rocks associated with potassic, phyllic, argillic, and fluorite alterations. The ore‐forming process can be divided into 3 stages: Stage I K‐feldspar‐quartz ± molybdenite, Stage II quartz‐pyrite‐molybdenite‐muscovite ± fluorite, and Stage III quartz‐fluorite ± muscovite. Four types of fluid inclusions were distinguished in smoky grey and dark grey quartz of the main‐ore stage (II), including two‐phase aqueous inclusions, CO2‐H2O inclusions, daughter mineral‐bearing multiphase inclusions, and minor vapour aqueous inclusions. The fluid inclusions in smoky grey and dark grey quartz are homogenized at temperatures of 195–350 °C and 191–291 °C, respectively, with calculated salinities of 3.9–11.1% NaCleq and 31.5–33.0% NaCleq, respectively. The ore‐forming fluids belong to a H2O‐CO2‐NaCl system characterized by abundant CO2, moderate to high temperature, and low to high salinity. The δ18OH2O and δD values of ore‐stage quartz vary from −0.2‰ to 0.9‰ and from −120‰ to −104‰, respectively, indicating that the ore‐forming fluids were evolved from magmatic water and gradually mixed with significant amounts of meteoric water. Sulphur and lead isotopic compositions indicate that the ore materials were mainly derived from magmatic sources. Zircon LA‐ICP‐MS U–Pb dating on the mineralized porphyritic moyite yielded a weighted mean age of 235.1 ± 2.0 Ma, corresponding to the Triassic postcollisional setting following the closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean between the Siberian Plate and the North China Craton. The εHf(t) values and TDM2 ages range from −15.0 to −12.8 and from 2.2 to 2.1 Ga, respectively, suggesting that the Xishadegai granite was mainly generated by melting of Paleoproterozoic crustal components. Collectively, evidence from geology, fluid inclusion, H‐O‐S‐Pb isotopes, and geochronology suggests that the Xishadegai deposit could be classified as a magmatic–hydrothermal vein Mo deposit. Phase separation (immiscibility and boiling) was the most likely mechanism for ore deposition.
Underdamped slug tests with unsaturated‐saturated flows by considering effects of wellbore skins
Authors: Liang Xiuyu , Zhan Hongbin , Zhang You‐Kuan , Liu Jin 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAn analytical solution is presented for the slug tests conducted in a partially penetrating well in an unconfined aquifer affected from above by an unsaturated zone. The solution considers the effects of wellbore skin and oscillatory responses on underdamped slug tests. The flow in the saturated zone is described by a two‐dimensional, axially symmetric governing equation, and the flow in the unsaturated zone above the water table by a linearized one‐dimensional Richards' equation. The unsaturated medium properties are represented by the exponential constitutive relationships. A Laplace domain solution is derived using the Laplace and finite Fourier transform and the solution in the real‐time domain is evaluated using the numerical inverse Laplace transform method. The solution derived in this study is more general and reduces to the most commonly used solutions for slug tests in their specified conditions. It is found that the unsaturated flow has a significant impact on the slug test conducted in an unconfined aquifer. The impact of unsaturated flow on such a slug test is enhanced with a larger anisotropy ratio, a shorter well screen length, a shorter distance between the well screen and the water table, or a larger well screen radius. The impact of unsaturated flow on slug tests decreases as the degree of penetration (the length of well screen) increases. For a fixed well screen length, the impact of unsaturated flow on slug tests decreases as the distance between the centre of screen and the water table increases. A large dimensionless well screen radius (>0.01) leads to significant effects of unsaturated flow on slug tests. The unsaturated flow reduces the oscillatory responses to underdamped slug tests. The unsaturated zone has significant impact on slug test under high‐permeability wellbore skin.
Quantitative evaluation of groundwater recharge and evaporation intensity with stable oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in a semi‐arid region, Northwest China
Authors: Yang Qingchun , Mu Haokun , Wang Hao , Ye Xueyan , Ma Hongyun , Martín Jordi Delgado 
Published: February 2018

AbstractYinchuan Basin, a semi‐arid area located in Northwest China, is currently subject to increasing pressure from the altered hydrology due to the anthropogenic activities as well as increasing water demands for regional development. Sustainable water management across the region must be underpinned by a clear understanding of the factors that constrain water supply in this area. We measured the stable isotope of oxygen and hydrogen to determine the likely processes that control the interrelations among precipitation, surface water (Yellow River), and groundwater. The hydrogen and oxygen values demonstrate that 2 primary hydrochemical processes, mixing and evaporation/condensation, occurred in the Basin. Recharge proportions of precipitation and Yellow River were quantitatively evaluated based on the isotope mass balance method. The proportions of the Yellow River and atmospheric precipitation recharge are 87.7% and 12.3%, respectively. The evaporation proportions calculated with 18O and D by Rayleigh fractional equation are close to each other, which demonstrate that evaporation intensity increases following the flow direction of the Yellow River. The findings obtained in this study are useful for recognizing the significance of Yellow River to Yinchuan Basin, and some optimal allocation schemes can be adopted for a prospective development of this reputed area in Northwest China.
Household debt, expected economic conditions, and income inequality
Authors: Berisha Edmond , Meszaros John 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe high level of debt among households outside the top end of the income distribution has led many economists to assert that household debt has been an important component of the increase in income inequality in the United States. In addition, the yield spread provides information about the overall condition of the economy and may also be tied into the distribution of income. The paper's results show that increases in the yield spread and household debt correspond with increases in top income shares, resulting in increases in income inequality. However, as household debt and income inequality increase, the yield spread contracts, which suggests future economic contraction. Thus, rising inequality may signal future economic weakness.
PREDICTORS OF SELF‐REPORTED GAINS IN A RELATIONSHIP‐BASED HOME‐VISITING PROJECT FOR MOTHERS AFTER CHILDBIRTH
Authors: Kaitz Marsha , Chriki Miriam , Tessler Naomi , Levy Judith 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACTWe assessed mothers’ self‐reported gains from a postpartum home‐visiting (HV) project in which home visitors are volunteer mothers from the community. Hypotheses were that gains are positively related to (a) mothers’ felt‐closeness with their home visitor, (b) mothers’ level of sociodemographic risk, and (c) the home visitors’ preproject training in support services for families or children (Professionalism). One hundred sixty‐four clients returned written evaluations of the HV project. Items assessing gains were reduced to two factors: Improved Well‐Being (“Self”) and Improved Infant Care (“Infant”). Repeated measures general linear models, with Gains (Self, Infant) as the repeated measure, and multiple regression analyses evaluated the hypotheses. Across the sample, gains on both factors were moderate, although gain scores were higher regarding Self than for Infant. Results show that (a) Mothers’ felt‐closeness with their volunteer was strongly related to mothers’ gains; (b) high‐risk mothers gained more from the project than did mothers of lower risk, particularly regarding Infant Care; and (c) mothers visited by volunteers who were professionals reported more substantial gains than did mothers visited by volunteers who were not professionals. Findings can help explain variance in mothers’ gains from such projects and could be useful in improving their efficacy.