bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining multidecadal trends in the surface heat balance over the tropical and subtropical oceans in atmospheric reanalyses
Authors: Cook Kerry H. , Vizy Edward K. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTrends in the components of the annual‐mean surface heat balance for 1979–2018 over the tropical and subtropical oceans are examined in multiple atmospheric reanalyses to understand how they are changing with current sea surface temperature (SST) trends. Confidence in the reanalysis values is evaluated through statistical significance, agreement among datasets, and physical analysis. While the climatology of the net surface heat flux is similar in the three reanalyses examined (ERAI, JRA‐55, and NCEP2), net heat flux trends agree only in the two second‐generation reanalyses. Trends in the 10‐m winds, which are assimilated in JRA‐55 and ERAI but not in NCEP2, are largely responsible for the disagreement. To first order, trends in the latent heat flux explain trends in the net surface heat flux over the tropical oceans. Trends in sensible heat are smaller, and trends in the net radiative components are relevant only regionally. The latent heat flux is decomposed into thermally, dynamically, and hydrologically driven components. Trends in the thermal component of the latent heat flux simply dampen SST trends through the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship. Dynamically driven trends are associated with an intensification of the tropical easterly trade winds, primarily of the equator and with greater enhancement in the Southern Hemisphere. They are generally supported by hydrologically driven trends, which are similar in magnitude to the wind‐driven trends.
Random trend errors in climate station data due to inhomogeneities
Authors: Lindau Ralf , Venema Victor 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInhomogeneities in station series are a large part of the uncertainty budget of long‐term temperature trend estimates. This article introduces two analytical equations for the dependence of the station trend uncertainty on the statistical properties of the inhomogeneities. One equation is for inhomogeneities that act as random deviations from a fixed baseline, where the deviation levels are random and independent. The second equation is for inhomogeneities, which behave like Brownian Motion (BM), where not the levels themselves but the jumps between them are independent. It shows that BM‐type breaks introduce much larger trend errors, growing linearly with the number of breaks. Using the information about type, strength, and frequency of the breaks for the United States and Germany, the random trend errors for these two countries are calculated for the period 1901–2000. An alternative and independent estimate is obtained by an empirical approach, exploiting the distance dependence of the trend variability for neighbouring station pairs. Both methods (empirical and analytical) find that the station trend uncertainty is larger in the United States (0.71 and 0.82°C per century, respectively) than in Germany (0.50 and 0.58°C per century, respectively). The good agreement of the analytical and the empirical estimate gives confidence in the methods to assess trend uncertainties, as well as in the method to determine the statistical properties of the break inhomogeneities.
Reversing UVB‐induced photoaging with Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract
Authors: Li Jian , Lu Yi‐Ru , Lin I‐Fan , Kang Wenyi , Chen Hong‐bin , Lu Hsu‐Feng , Wang Hui‐Min David 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDHibiscus sabdariffa is commonly used in daily life and its extract is applied widely in food and cosmetics. However, it has not been evaluated for its anti‐aging effects.RESULTSHibiscus sabdariffa calyx aqueous extract (HSCAE) has shown potential collagenase activity suppression effects, together with tyrosinase activity inhibition, and anti‐oxidation as a free radical scavenger. The current investigation demonstrated that HSCAE was not cytotoxic in skin fibroblasts, and it significantly decreased ultraviolet B (UVB)‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) on a flow cytometry assay. Moreover, HSCAE reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, increased tissue inhibition of metalloproteinase (TIMP)‐1 level, and enhanced collagen content by inhibiting collagenase activity. It also blocked mRNA and protein expressions of melanin production pathway key factors, including the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase‐related protein‐1 (TRP‐1), and dopachrome tautomerase‐2 (TRP‐2).CONCLUSIONThese results demonstrated, for the first time, the potential of HSCAE as a natural antioxidant with the ability to maintain collagen production and to decrease melanin syntheses under UVB radiation, for anti‐aging effects. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Acquisition of Hyperspectral Data with Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Tang Xin , Ackerman Matthew M. , Guyot‐Sionnest Philippe 
Published: October 2019

AbstractHyperspectral sensors, combining the functions of photon detection with ultrahigh spectral resolution in a single device, have emerged as a new class of devices with significant potential for applications that rely on the input of optical information. Despite continued advancement, the widespread use of infrared hyperspectral sensors is still limited primarily due to the high cost associated with the growth and processing of epitaxial semiconductors, such as HgCdTe, InSb, and superlattices. Here, it is shown that colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) provide a promising route toward low‐cost, compact, and sensitive infrared hyperspectral sensors with tunable sensing ranges. In total, 64 narrowband channels with full‐width at half‐maxima down to ≈30 cm−1 can be realized by directly integrating CQDs sensors with a distributed Bragg mirror filter array. The results of high‐resolution spectra measurement with resolving power up to 180 and acquisition of a hyperspectral image cube in the short‐wave infrared range, benefitting from the fast (≈120 ns) and sensitive (>1010 Jones) performance of the CQDs sensors, are experimentally demonstrated.
Post‐Polymerization Thiol Substitutions Facilitated by Mechanochemistry
Authors: Ashlin Marshal , Hobbs Christopher E. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe use of mechanical force to facilitate post‐polymerization, solvent‐free thiol substitution reactions is described. These reactions are amenable to halogen‐containing materials prepared using ring opening metathesis polymerization and free radical polymerization reactions. Reactions of these polymers with various thiols can be carried out in a ball mill and are complete in a matter of minutes. Further, 1H NMR and GPC analysis show no significant decomposition of the polymer chain.
Message‐to‐person versus person‐to‐message: An alternative way to conceptualize personalized advertising
Authors: Li Cong 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study provides an alternative way to conceptualize personalized advertising and discusses when and why nonpersonalized information can be more effective than personalized information in changing people's attitudes and behavioral intentions. Different from the traditional personalization approach in the literature that personalizes a message for an individual, this alternative way of thinking is to personalize an individual for a message. It is argued that an individual can be personalized for a message via priming tactics and it leads to reverse personalization effects where a nonpersonalized message generates stronger persuasion effects than a personalized message. The effects of priming on personalization are moderated by perceived prime credibility and mediated by perceived message relevance.
Nomenclature of Genetically Determined Myoclonus Syndromes: Recommendations of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force
Authors: van der Veen Sterre , Zutt Rodi , Klein Christine , Marras Connie , Berkovic Samuel F. , Caviness John N. , Shibasaki Hiroshi , de Koning Tom J. , Tijssen Marina A.J. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenetically determined myoclonus disorders are a result of a large number of genes. They have wide clinical variation and no systematic nomenclature. With next‐generation sequencing, genetic diagnostics require stringent criteria to associate genes and phenotype. To improve (future) classification and recognition of genetically determined movement disorders, the Movement Disorder Society Task Force for Nomenclature of Genetic Movement Disorders (2012) advocates and renews the naming system of locus symbols. Here, we propose a nomenclature for myoclonus syndromes and related disorders with myoclonic jerks (hyperekplexia and myoclonic epileptic encephalopathies) to guide clinicians in their diagnostic approach to patients with these disorders. Sixty‐seven genes were included in the nomenclature. They were divided into 3 subgroups: prominent myoclonus syndromes, 35 genes; prominent myoclonus syndromes combined with another prominent movement disorder, 9 genes; disorders that present usually with other phenotypes but can manifest as a prominent myoclonus syndrome, 23 genes. An additional movement disorder is seen in nearly all myoclonus syndromes: ataxia (n = 41), ataxia and dystonia (n = 6), and dystonia (n = 5). However, no additional movement disorders were seen in related disorders. Cognitive decline and epilepsy are present in the vast majority. The anatomical origin of myoclonus is known in 64% of genetic disorders: cortical (n = 34), noncortical areas (n = 8), and both (n = 1). Cortical myoclonus is commonly seen in association with ataxia, and noncortical myoclonus is often seen with myoclonus‐dystonia. This new nomenclature of myoclonus will guide diagnostic testing and phenotype classification. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
FE parametric study on the longitudinal tensile strength and damage mechanism of Z‐pinned laminates
Authors: Li Mengjia , Chen Puhui 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new periodic unit cell model was proposed to quantify the longitudinal tensile strength of laminates with different Z‐pin parameters. A modified three‐dimensional Hashin criterion was used to predict the failure of the laminate and Z‐pin, while maximum stress criterion was utilized to analyze the damage in the resin‐rich zone. Benchmark tests were carried out to verify the model, and finite element (FE) results agreed well with the experimental data. Hence, a parametric study was carried out to examine the influence of Z‐pin parameters on the longitudinal tensile strength and damage mode of unidirectional laminates. FE results show that the changing trend of the tensile strength against Z‐pin parameter is obviously more complicated than that of the modulus and is related to the change of damage mode or microstructure.
Meta‐analysis of mindfulness training on teacher well‐being
Authors: Zarate Kary , Maggin Daniel M. , Passmore Amanda 
Published: October 2019

AbstractTeachers are reporting increased incidence of stress, depression, burnout, and anxiety resulting in overall poor mental health and well‐being outcomes. Recently, mindfulness‐based interventions have emerged as having the potential to improve these deleterious impacts. This meta‐analysis investigated the effects of mindfulness‐based interventions on educators in schools. To be included in the review, studies must have been printed in English, used a methodology that included a control group with in‐service teachers as the primary participants. In addition, the intervention needed to have mindfulness as a major component. The search procedures led to the identification of 18 manuscripts that included a total sample of 1,001 educators. Mindfulness interventions ranged greatly in dosage, frequency, and delivery model. Using a random effects model, mindfulness‐based interventions were found to have significant positive effects across all domains. Mindfulness‐based interventions resulted in large effects on feelings of mindfulness, moderate effects for decreases in stress and anxiety, and small effects on feelings of depression and burnout. Discussion includes the quality of the literature base as well as implications for future research.
Evaluation of ethanedinitrile (EDN) as a preplant soil fumigant in Florida strawberry production
Authors: Yu Jialin , Baggio Juliana S , Boyd Nathan S , Freeman Josh H , Peres Natalia A 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDEthanedinitrile (EDN) has shown promising efficacy against weeds, plant‐parasitic nematodes and soil‐borne pathogens. Field experiments were conducted for three strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa D.) seasons in Balm and Dover, FL, USA to evaluate the control efficacy of EDN applied through drip tape on various weed species and the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot of strawberry.RESULTSResults revealed that 224, 336, 448 or 560 kg ha−1 EDN, and 104 kg ha−1 1,3‐dichloropropene (1,3‐D) + 176 kg ha−1 chloropicrin (Pic) applied through drip tapes under totally impermeable film were safe for strawberry production, with no adverse effect on strawberry growth and yield. EDN rates at 224, 336, 448 and 560 kg ha−1 were highly efficacious and equally effective in reducing purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) in two of three growing seasons. Compared with the efficacy on purple nutsedge, the evaluated EDN rates were generally less effective on various broadleaf and grass weeds emerging on the bare ground and planting holes, but at 560 kg ha−1 consistently exhibited similar levels of control as 1,3‐D + Pic. For M. phaseolina, the evaluated EDN rates were more efficacious than 1,3‐D + Pic and significantly reduced inoculum buried in different bed locations in plastic‐mulched beds.CONCLUSIONEDN has potential to be an efficacious tool for soil disinfestation and weed control in plasticulture strawberry production. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Molecular design of a new family of bridged bis(multinitro‐triazole) with outstanding oxygen balance as high‐density energy compounds
Authors: Xu Jin , Wu Jinting , Li Hongbo , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: October 2019

AbstractA new family of bridged bis(multinitro‐triazole) was designed and investigated using the density functional theory method. The density, oxygen balance, heat of formation, detonation performance, and impact sensitivity were calculated systematically. The results show that the multinitromethyl groups play an important role in increasing densities. At the same time, different bridged groups present diverse performances with high density (1.86‐1.96 g·cm−3), excellent detonation properties (V = 8.72 km·s−1‐9.20 km·s−1; P = 34.54 GPa‐39.49 GPa), outstanding oxygen balance (0%‐11.59%), and acceptably impact sensitivity. Especially, tetrazine (M7)‐bridged and diaminofurazan (M9)‐bridged groups are very helpful for enhancing their detonation performance (V(M7) = 9.12 km·s−1, P(M7) = 38.51 GPa; V(M9) = 9.20 km·s−1, P(M9) = 39.49 GPa), respectively, which are better than RDX. They could be seen as the potential candidates of high energy density materials (HEDMs).
55.3: Invited Paper: Development and Manufacture for Free Form Mobile Phone Screen
Authors: Li Tan , Xiaohu Li , Ting Li , Lingxia Li , Kaimin Cai , Wei Li , wei Jiang 
Published: October 2019

When Apple Inc. pushed out their “bang panel”(notch screen) in 2017, many display manufacture companies set out to develop free form full screen of mobile phone. In order to seize the market quickly, Shanghai AVIC Photoelectron Co., Ltd (AVIC for short) developed and manufactured the panel only in three more months.This paper introduced how we realized rapid production of free form full screen and what problems we had solved. We discussed free form cutting not only by CNC (computer numerical control) grind but also by laser cutting. We also discussed free form sealant coating. Line open in Fanout Zone at CNC grind process was analyzed and solved. At last, a special “black blob” of free form screen from customer complaint was investigated and solved.
P‐6.3: The Impact of Thin Film Shadow on Organic Light ‐ Emitting Diode Flexible Encapsulation
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Li Chunhong , Jiang Haifeng , Liu Jianli , Ao Wei , Xin Xiaogang , Wang Minghui 
Published: October 2019

Organic Light ‐ Emitting Diode (OLED) displays are characterized by ultra‐thin, ultra‐clear, spontaneous light, high definition, low cost of preparation and flexible display. In recent years, flexible OLED has become a hot topic in flat panel display industry. Thin film encapsulation (TFE) plays a key role in flexible OLED [1,2].The inorganic layer part of flexible encapsulation is generally prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for SiNx or SiON. The quality of inorganic thin film directly affects the service life‐time of OLED devices, It is mainly influenced by Particle, shadow effect, stress, refractive index, thickness and other factors, among which several factors besides the shadow effect of thin films have been widely studied. As we all know, shadow effect exists in any film, but for inorganic layer in flexible encapsulation, whether the shadow effect of the thin film will affect its encapsulation effect. This paper will explore the influence of thin film shadow effect on encapsulation effect and device life. The shadow of the thin film varies from a few microns to several hundred microns in the existing devices. In this paper, a special device structure design is used to control the size of film shadow. We will produce OLED samples of different shadow sizes. It can be seen from the test results in the 85 °C and 85% RH for 240h that the smaller the Shadow of PECVD thin film is, the less likely it is to lose efficacy.In this paper, by effectively controlling the shadow size of the thin film, flexible OLED devices with better performance and longer service life are obtained. At last, more tests are needed in order to get a more precise investigation.
NanoPaint: A Tool for Rapid and Dynamic Imaging of Membrane Structural Plasticity at the Nanoscale
Authors: Tasso Mariana , Pons Thomas , Lequeux Nicolas , Nguyen Julie , Lenkei Zsolt , Zala Diana 
Published: October 2019

AbstractSingle‐particle tracking with quantum dots (QDs) constitutes a powerful tool to track the nanoscopic dynamics of individual cell membrane components unveiling their membrane diffusion characteristics. Here, the nano‐resolved population dynamics of QDs is exploited to reconstruct the topography and structural changes of the cell membrane surface with high temporal and spatial resolution. For this proof‐of‐concept study, bright, small, and stable biofunctional QD nanoconstructs are utilized recognizing the endogenous neuronal cannabinoid receptor 1, a highly expressed and fast‐diffusing membrane protein, together with a commercial point‐localization microscope. Rapid QD diffusion on the axonal plasma membrane of cultured hippocampal neurons allows precise reconstruction of the membrane surface in less than 1 min with a spatial resolution of tens of nanometers. Access of the QD nanoconstructs to the synaptic cleft enables rapid 3D topological reconstruction of the entire presynaptic component. Successful reconstruction of membrane nano‐topology and deformation at the second time‐scale is also demonstrated for HEK293 cell filopodia and axons. Named “nanoPaint,” this super‐resolution imaging technique amenable to any endogenous transmembrane target represents a versatile platform to rapidly and accurately reconstruct the cell membrane nano‐topography, thereby enabling the study of the rapid dynamic phenomena involved in neuronal membrane plasticity.
Design Strategy for Porous Composites Aimed at Pressure Sensor Application
Authors: Sang Zhen , Ke Kai , Manas‐Zloczower Ica 
Published: October 2019

AbstractFlexible and highly sensitive pressure sensors have versatile biomedical engineering applications for disease diagnosis and healthcare. The fabrication of such sensors based on porous structure composites usually requires complex, costly, and nonenvironmentally friendly procedures. As such, it is highly desired to develop facile, economical, and environment‐friendly fabrication strategies for highly sensitive lightweight pressure sensors. Herein, a novel design strategy is reported to fabricate porous composite pressure sensors via a simple heat molding of conductive fillers and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) powders together with commercially available popcorn salts followed by water‐assisted salt removal. The obtained TPU/carbon nanostructure (CNS) foam sensors have a linear resistance response up to 60% compressive strain with a gauge factor (GF) of 1.5 and show reversible and reproducible piezoresistive properties due to the robust electrically conductive pathways formed on the foam struts. Such foam sensors can be potentially utilized for guiding squatting exercises and respiration rate monitoring in daily physical training.
QTL analysis and fine mapping of a QTL for yield-related traits in wheat grown in dry and hot environments
Authors: Tura Habtamu , Edwards James , Gahlaut Vijay , Garcia Melissa , Sznajder Beata , Baumann Ute , Shahinnia Fahimeh , Reynolds Matthew , Langridge Peter , Balyan Harindra Singh , Gupta Pushpendra K. , Schnurbusch Thorsten , Fleury Delphine 
Published: October 2019

AbstractGenetic control of grain yield and phenology was examined in the Excalibur/Kukri doubled haploid mapping population grown in 32 field experiments across the climatic zones of southern Australia, India and north-western Mexico where the wheat crop experiences drought and heat stress. A total of 128 QTL were identified for four traits: grain yield, thousand grain weight (TGW), days to heading and grain filling duration. These QTL included 24 QTL for yield and 27 for TGW, showing significant interactions with the environment (Q * E). We also identified 14 QTL with a significant, small main effects on yield across environments. The study focussed on a region of chromosome 1B where two main effect QTL were found for yield and TGW without the confounding effect of phenology. Excalibur was the source of favourable alleles: QYld.aww-1B.2 with a peak at 149.5–150.1 cM and QTgw.aww-1B at 168.5–171.4 cM. We developed near isogenic lines (NIL) for the interval including QYld.aww-1B.2 and QTgw.aww-1B and evaluated them under semi-controlled conditions. Significant differences in four pairs of NIL were observed for grain yield but not for TGW, confirming a positive effect of the Excalibur allele for QYld.aww-1B.2. The interval containing QYld.aww-1B.2 was narrowed down to 2.9 cM which corresponded to a 2.2 Mbp genomic region on the chromosome 1B genomic reference sequence of cv. Chinese Spring and contained 39 predicted genes.
Temperature domination of AMOC weakening due to freshwater hosing in two GCMs
Authors: Haskins Rosalind K. , Oliver Kevin I. C. , Jackson Laura C. , Wood Richard A. , Drijfhout Sybren S. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is projected to lead to a weakening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). One of the mechanisms contributing to this is ice melt leading to a freshening of the North Atlantic Ocean. We use two global climate models to investigate the role of temperature and salinity in the weakening of the AMOC resulting from freshwater forcing. This study finds that freshwater hosing reduces the strength of the AMOC, but in some situations it is not through reduced density from freshening, but a reduction in density from subsurface warming. When the freshwater is mixed down it directly reduces the density of the North Atlantic, weakening the strength of the AMOC. As the AMOC weakens, the mixed layer depth reduces and surface properties are less effectively mixed down. A buoyant surface cap forms, blocking atmospheric fluxes. This leads to the development of a warm anomaly beneath the surface cap, which becomes the primary driver of AMOC weakening. We found that the mean North Atlantic salinity anomaly can be used as a proxy for AMOC weakening because it describes the extent of this surface cap.