bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racism Is Not a Factor in Door‐to‐electrocardiogram Times of Patients With Symptoms of Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Prospective, Observational Study
Authors: Mackay Martha H. , Ratner Pamela A. , Veenstra Gerry , Scheuermeyer Frank X. , Grubisic Maja , Ramanathan Krishnan , Murray Craig , Humphries Karin H. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBackgroundInvestigators have identified important racial identity/ethnicity‐based differences in some aspects of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) care and outcomes (time to presentation, symptoms, receipt of coronary angiography/revascularization, repeat revascularization, mortality). Patient‐based differences such as pathophysiology and treatment‐seeking behavior account only partly for these outcome differences. We sought to investigate whether there are racial identity/ethnicity‐based variations in the initial emergency department (ED) triage and care of patients with suspected ACS in Canadian hospitals.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled ED patients with suspected ACS from one university‐affiliated and two community hospitals. Trained research assistants administered a standardized interview to gather data on symptoms, treatment‐seeking patterns, and self‐reported racial/ethnic identity: “white,” South Asian” (SA), “Asian,” or “Other.” Clinical parameters were obtained through chart review. The primary outcome was door‐to‐electrocardiogram (D2ECG) time. ECG times were log‐transformed and two linear regression models, controlling for important demographic, system, and clinical factors, were fit.ResultsOf 448 participants, 214 (48%) reported white identity, 115 (26%) SA, 83 (19%) Asian, and 36 (8%) “Other.” Asian respondents were younger and more likely to report initial discomfort as “low” and be accompanied by family; respondents identifying as “Other” were more likely to report initial discomfort as “high.” There was no difference in D2ECG time between white participants and all other groups, but there were statistically significant differences by sex: women had longer D2ECG times than men. Exploring more specific racial identities revealed similar findings: no significant differences between the white, SA, Asian, and other groups, while sex (women had 13.4% [95% confidence interval, 0.81%–27.57%] longer D2ECG times) remained statistically significantly different in the adjusted models.ConclusionAlthough racial/ethnicity‐based differences in aspects of ACS care have been previously identified, we found no differences in the current study of early ED care in a Canadian urban setting. However, female patients experience longer D2ECG times, and this may be a target for process improvements.
Electronic Cigarette Use and Risk of Harmful Alcohol Consumption in the U.S. Population
Authors: Roberts Walter , Moore Kelly E. , Peltier MacKenzie R. , Verplaetse Terril L. , Oberleitner Lindsay , Hacker Robyn , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundElectronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use is an increasingly common method of nicotine delivery in the general population. It is well‐established that tobacco users are at increased risk to engage in hazardous drinking and meet criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) relative to nonusers. Less is known, however, about the risk of harmful alcohol use among people who use e‐cigarettes. The current study reports on the association between e‐cigarette and alcohol use in the U.S. population using a nationally representative sample.MethodsData from 36,309 adults who participated in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions—Wave III were included in the study. The Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule (AUDADIS) measured past‐year e‐cigarette and alcohol use outcomes. Based on past‐year e‐cigarette use, respondents were categorized as nonusers, nondaily users, or daily users. Alcohol use outcomes were drinking quantity/frequency, binge drinking frequency, AUD diagnostic status, and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism–defined hazardous drinking status.ResultsControlling for demographic characteristics, daily and nondaily e‐cigarette users showed increased risk of harmful alcohol use compared to e‐cigarette nonusers, including hazardous drinking (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] = 1.69; 2.48), AUD (AORs = 1.89; 2.44), and binge drinking frequency (AORs = 1.30 to 3.30). Nondaily e‐cigarette use was associated with higher levels of risk than was daily use. Secondary analyses examined alcohol use outcomes according to participants’ patterns of dual tobacco cigarette/e‐cigarette use. These analyses confirmed that e‐cigarette use alongside tobacco cigarette use is associated with additive risk of harmful alcohol consumption, particularly among nondaily users.ConclusionsE‐cigarette users, particularly those who engage in nondaily and dual use, show elevated rates of harmful alcohol use. Heavy drinking may constitute a source of health risk among e‐cigarette users.
Benchmarks and predictors of coarse woody debris in native forests of eastern Australia
Authors: Threlfall Caragh G. , Law Bradley S. , Peacock Ross J. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractFallen coarse woody debris (CWD) is critical to forest biodiversity and function. Few studies model factors that influence CWD availability, although such investigations are critically needed to inform sustainable forest management. We assess benchmark levels of CWD in unharvested native forests and those harvested for timber, across a range of forests in north‐east New South Wales, Australia. We found timber‐harvesting was the dominant driver of CWD, with almost double the count (pieces ha−1) and volume (m3 ha−1) of total CWD in selectively harvested than unharvested sites. This pattern was consistent across wet and dry forest types. Harvested sites had greater counts of hollow‐bearing logs, and greater volumes of small and medium‐sized CWD (15–50 cm diameter) than unharvested sites. There was no effect of harvesting on the volume of large CWD (>51 cm diameter). Total volumes of CWD (>15 cm diameter) varied from 114 to 166 m3 ha−1. We found few differences in CWD counts and volumes between forest types, with grassy woodlands and forests containing less CWD than other dry and shrubby forest types, reflecting lower potential input rates. The CWD levels recorded here are similar to those recorded in dry and wet sclerophyll forests elsewhere in Australia and are typical of global estimates for ‘old growth’ forests. Using general linear models we captured up to 57% of the variation in CWD across sites, and found that timber harvesting, topography and the numbers of standing hollow‐bearing and dead trees were significant predictors of CWD. Values for unharvested forest provide a benchmark that could be used to inform retention guidelines for CWD in managed forests in this region. Further assessment of the effect of repeat timber harvesting is needed to fully understand its impact on CWD dynamics, especially if forest residues resulting from timber harvesting are removed from native forests for bioenergy production.
Normal magnetic resonance anatomy of the hind foot of Egyptian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): A correlative low‐field T1‐ and T2‐weighted MRI and sectional anatomy atlas
Authors: Abdellatif Ahmed M. , Hamed Mohamed A. , El‐Shafaey El‐Sayed , Eldoumani Haitham 
Published: September 2018

AbstractBuffaloes represent a major source of milk production, especially in developing countries including Egypt. The buffalo foot is frequently involved in a large proportion of lameness cases. The relatively small size and complexity of its structures often render the radiographic evaluation of the foot challenging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that is regarded as both safe and accurate for assessment of the foot disorders in both man and animals. The purpose of the current investigation was to describe the MRI anatomy of buffalo foot using cadaveric hind feet. The feet were subjected to consecutive MRI scanning using a 0.3 Tesla scanner. Both T1‐weighted (T1‐W) and T2‐weighted (T2‐W) spin‐echo pulse sequences were applied in dorsal, sagittal and transverse planes. The heterogeneity of signal intensities noted amongst foot components allowed for clear differentiation of bones, tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue and synovial fluid. The T1‐W images provided an excellent overview of the foot. They were valuable for visualizing the bones and the alignment of tendons and ligaments. The T2‐W images were particularly useful for the evaluation of synovial structures such as tendon sheaths and joint cavities. A communication between the two plantar sacs of the metatarsophalangeal (fetlock) joints was evident in T2‐W images. MRI findings were further confirmed using relevant gross anatomical sections. The present study establishes a detailed MRI anatomic reference of buffalo foot that could help veterinary researchers, clinicians and surgeons for increasing the accuracy of interpretation of foot MRI scans of both healthy and diseased animals.
Impacts of large mammals on movements of the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi) in central Kenya
Authors: Ostfeld Jacob K. , Keesing Felicia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractPopulations of large wild mammals are declining worldwide, while the abundance of livestock is increasing. The absence of large mammals frequently leads to increases in the abundance of small mammals such as rodents, but little is known about how the loss of large mammals affects the behaviour of small mammals. To investigate this question, we analysed long‐term data collected at the Kenya Long‐term Exclosure Experiment, which excludes different combinations of large mammals from a savannah ecosystem in central Kenya. We investigated the effects of excluding large mammals, both wild and domestic, on the movements of the pouched mouse (Saccostomus mearnsi), the most common species of small mammal in this habitat. Mice moved ~20% more in the presence of wildlife, but their movements were not significantly affected by the presence of cattle. An index of intraspecific contacts between mice was higher at higher mouse densities, and these high densities were more likely when wildlife and cattle were absent. The results suggest that the absence of large mammals led to higher densities of small mammals, which resulted in a greater probability of intraspecific contacts, despite lower average movement distances.
Review and case report demonstrate that spontaneous spinal epidural abscesses are rare but dangerous in childhood
Authors: Fotaki Anastasia , Anatoliotaki Maria , Tritou Ioanna , Tzagaraki Aggeliki , Kampitaki Maria , Vlachaki Georgia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractAimA spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare paediatric bacterial infection, with possible devastating neurological sequelae. We explored localisation in the cervical segment, which is unusual, but more dangerous, than otherSEAs.MethodsWe describe 22 cases (12 male) of paediatricSEAs without risk factors: 21 from a literature search from 2000 to 2017 and a 30‐month‐old boy with a spontaneous cervicalSEAdue to Group AStreptococcus.ResultsThe average age was eight years and the symptoms were mainly fever, back pain and motor deficit, with an aetiological diagnosis in 68%. Methicillin‐sensitiveStaphylococcus aureuswas isolated in six patients, methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureusin two,Staphylococcus aureuswith unknown susceptibility patterns in three and Group AStreptococcusin four. All patients underwent gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and most abscesses were localised in the thoracic and lumbar areas. More than half (59%) underwent surgery to remove pus and granulation tissue and nine were just treated with antimicrobial therapy for an average of 5.3 weeks. Most patients had good outcomes.ConclusionSEAs were underestimated in children due to the rarity and spectrum of differential diagnoses. Timely diagnosis, immediate antibiotics, spinal magnetic resonance imaging and prompt neurosurgical consultations were essential for favourable outcomes.
Efficacy and tolerability of lithium for the treatment of acute mania in children with bipolar disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Duffy Anne , Heffer Naomi , Goodday Sarah M. , Weir Arielle , Patten Scott , Malhi Gin S. , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: September 2018

ObjectivesTo assess the efficacy and tolerability of lithium for the treatment of acute mania in children and adolescent diagnosed with bipolar disorder.MethodsA systematic literature search up to August 2017 was conducted for clinical trials that included lithium in males and females up to 18 years of age with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder and experiencing a manic or mixed episode according to standardized diagnostic criteria. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42017055675).ResultsFour independent studies described in seven manuscripts met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 176 patients were treated with lithium either as a monotherapy or adjunct to risperidone. Efficacy results suggest that lithium may be superior to placebo (standardized mean difference [SMD] −0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.88 to 0.04), comparable to sodium divalproex (SMD −0.07, 95% CI: −0.31 to 0.18), but significantly less effective than risperidone for treating protracted manic/mixed episodes and comorbid attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in prepubertal children (SMD 0.85, 95% CI: 0.54 to 1.15). Lithium was not associated with serious adverse events, and was generally well tolerated with common side effects similar to those reported in adults.ConclusionsLimited data suggests that lithium may be an effective and tolerable treatment for some forms of paediatric mania. However, lithium is clearly inferior in efficacy to risperidone in prepubertal patients diagnosed with protracted manic/mixed episodes and comorbid ADHD. There is a lack of data concerning the efficacy and tolerability of lithium as an acute treatment for classical mania in adolescents and important clinical issues remain unaddressed.
The (missing) subjects of research on gender and global governance: Toward inquiry into the ruling relations of development
Authors: Campbell Marie L. , Kim Elena 
Published: September 2018

AbstractResponding to the Special Issue's call for “new thinking” on gender and governance in developing societies, we introduce our research on the social organization of development knowledge and its ethical implications. Our feminist‐based approach, institutional ethnography, analyses the ruling relations of development and the standpoints represented in knowledge about development and its governance. Our paper offers an alternative to what we see as “the institutional standpoint” prevailing, but taken for granted, in business and society scholarship addressing development. Instead of theorizing development relationships between institutions and their “stakeholders,” we illustrate what can be learned about the social relations of development beginning from the experiences of local subjects. Our analysis of an environmental research and development project in Uzbekistan shows that being missed is knowledge about development subjects that could have revealed what is locally relevant and needed. Instead, we discover gender inequality being constituted, unknowingly, within this project's institutionally generated knowledge and the activities it authorizes.
Teacher‐led inquiry in technology‐supported school communities
Authors: Michos Konstantinos , Hernández‐Leo Davinia , Albó Laia 
Published: September 2018

AbstractLearning design is a research field which studies how to best support teachers as designers of Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL) situations. Although substantial work has been done in the articulation of the learning design process, little is known about how learning designs are experienced by students and teachers, especially in the context of schools. This paper empirically examines if a teacher inquiry model, as a tool for systematic research by teachers into their own practice, facilitates the connection between the design and data‐informed reflection on TEL interventions in two school communities. High school teachers participated in a learning design professional development program supported by a web‐based community platform integrating a teacher inquiry tool (TILE). A multiple case study was conducted aimed at understanding: (a) current teacher practice and (b) teacher involvement in inquiry cycles of design and classroom implementations with technologies. Multiple data sources were used over a one year period including focus groups transcripts, teacher interview protocols, digital artifacts, and questionnaires. Sharing teacher‐led inquiries together with learning analytics was perceived as being useful for connecting pedagogical intentions with the evaluation of their enactment with learners, and this differed from their current practice. Teachers’ reflections about their designs focused on the time management of learning activities and their familiarity with the enactment and analytics tools. Results inform how technology can support teacher‐led inquiry and collective reflective practice in schools.
Innovations in Practice: Dialectical behaviour therapy for adolescents: multisite implementation and evaluation of a 16‐week programme in a public community mental health setting
Authors: Flynn Daniel , Kells Mary , Joyce Mary , Corcoran Paul , Gillespie Conall , Suarez Catalina , Swales Michaela , Arensman Ella 
Published: September 2018

BackgroundDialectical behaviour therapy for adolescents (DBT‐A) is an intervention with a growing evidence base for treating adolescents with emotional and behavioural dysregulation. This study describes the implementation and effectiveness of 16‐week DBT‐A across multiple sites in publicly funded child/adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in Ireland.MethodThe Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research was used to guide this national implementation. Fifty‐four clinicians from seven CAMHS teams completed DBT training and delivered the 16‐week DBT‐A programme. Eighty‐four adolescents with emotional and behavioural dysregulation participated in the intervention and outcome measures were administered at preintervention, postintervention and 16‐week follow‐up.ResultsSignificant reductions on all outcome measures were observed for DBT‐A participants including presence and frequency of self‐harm, suicidal ideation and depression. Reductions in the number of acute inpatient admissions, bed days and emergency department visits were also reported.ConclusionsDBT‐A can be successfully implemented in CAMHS settings and yield positive outcomes for adolescents with emotional and behavioural dysregulation.
NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Guo C , Fu R , Wang S , Huang Y , Li X , Zhou M , Zhao J , Yang N 
Published: September 2018

Summary
Nucleotide-binding, oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) gene polymorphism was reported to be associated with susceptibility, disease activity or anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in the development of RA have not yet been elucidated fully. The present study aimed to study the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in RA. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in synovial tissues from RA and osteoarthritis (OA) patients were assessed by Western blot. Active caspase-1 in synovia was stained by a FAM-FLICA caspase-1 probe. Mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were treated with MCC950, a selective NLRP3 inhibitor, or vehicle for 2 weeks. The clinical score of arthritis, synovial inflammation and cartilage erosion were assessed. Proinflammatory cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that NLRP3 inflammasome was highly activated in both synovia from RA patients and CIA mice. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome occurred mainly in the infiltrating monocyte/macrophages in synovia, but not in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Treatment with MCC950 resulted in significantly less severe joints inflammation and bone destruction. NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the synovia was inhibited significantly by MCC950 with reduced production of interleukin (IL)-1β. The inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by MCC950 was confirmed further in a human monocytic cell line, THP-1. In conclusion, NLRP3 inflammasome is involved in the pathogenesis of RA. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome with a small molecule inhibitor might be a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.
Underage alcohol sales in community sporting clubs
Authors: Kremer Peter , Crooks Nicholas , Rowland Bosco , Hall Jessica , Toumbourou John W. 
Published: September 2018

AbstractIntroduction and AimsAdolescent alcohol consumption and associated harms are significant public health issues in Australia. One strategy to reduce this problem is restricting alcohol supply to adolescents below age 18. To ensure compliance with laws that forbid underage alcohol sales, effective monitoring systems that operate across a range of settings, including sporting clubs, are required. This study investigated compliance with regulations requiring proof of age identification and refusal of underage alcohol sales in community sporting clubs.Design and MethodsCompliance with alcohol sales laws was monitored using a male confederate that appeared under 18 who attempted to purchase alcohol at community sporting clubs in two regional areas of Victoria, Australia during the 2016–2017 sporting seasons.ResultsPurchase observations were completed at 43 clubs (observations could not be conducted at 14 clubs); alcohol was purchased at 41 (95%) clubs. Four (9%) clubs asked the confederate‐purchaser to provide identification of age—in two instances the purchaser was not sold alcohol and in two instances was sold alcohol after not showing identification. Rates of compliance with proof of age identification and alcohol sales did not vary according to staff‐ and club‐related variables.Discussion and ConclusionsThis study indicates the need for more rigorous enforcement of alcohol sales regulations in community sporting clubs. Community health agencies could work with sporting clubs to assist them to improve compliance with alcohol sales regulations and to provide information on the significant role clubs play in shaping the adolescent alcohol culture.