bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Antireflective Coating CYTOP, Immersion Oil, and Sensitizer Selection in Fabricating a 2.3 V, 10% Power Conversion Efficiency SSM‐DSC Device
Authors: Cheema Hammad , Delcamp Jared H. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSequential series multijunction dye‐sensitized solar cells (SSM‐DSCs) can power solar‐to‐fuel processes with a single illuminated area device. Dye selection and strategies limiting photon losses are critical in SSM‐DSC devices for higher performance systems. Herein, an efficient and readily applicable spin coating protocol on glass surfaces with an antireflective fluoropolymer (CYTOP) is applied to an SSM‐DSC architecture. Combining CYTOP with the use of an immersion oil between glass spacers in a three subcell SSM‐DSC with judiciously selected TiO2 photoanode sensitizers and thicknesses, an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.1% is obtained with an output of 2.3 V. Without external bias, this SSM‐DSC configuration shows an impressive overall solar‐to‐fuel conversion efficiency of 6% when powering IrO2 and Au2O3 electrocatalysts for CO2 and H2O to CO and H2 conversion in aqueous solution. The role of CYTOP, immersion oil, sensitizer selection, and film thickness on SSM‐DSC devices is discussed along with the stability of this system.
The Standardized Video Interview: How Does It Affect the Likelihood to Invite for a Residency Interview?
Authors: Husain Abbas , Li Ida , Ardolic Brahim , Bond Michael C. , Shoenberger Jan , Shah Kaushal H. , Chung Arlene S. , Dermark Jeffrey Van , Bronner Jonathan M. , White Melissa , Taylor Todd , Cygan Lukasz , Caputo William , Silver Matthew , Krauss William C. , Egan Daniel J. , Weizberg Moshe 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBackgroundThe Association of American Medical Colleges instituted a standardized video interview (SVI) for all applicants to emergency medicine (EM). It is unclear how the SVI affects a faculty reviewer's decision on likelihood to invite an applicant (LTI) for an interview.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine whether the SVI affects the LTI.MethodsNine Accreditation Council of Graduate Medication Education (ACGME)‐accredited EM residency programs participated in this prospective, observational study. LTI was defined on a 5‐point Likert scale as follows: 1 = definitely not invite, 2 = likely not invite, 3 = might invite, 4 = probably invite, 5 = definitely invite. LTI was recorded at three instances during each review: 1) after typical screening (blinded to the SVI), 2) after unblinding to the SVI score, and 3) after viewing the SVI video.ResultsSeventeen reviewers at nine ACGME‐accredited residency programs participated. We reviewed 2,219 applications representing 1,424 unique applicants. After unblinding the SVI score, LTI did not change in 2,065 (93.1%), increased in 85 (3.8%) and decreased in 69 (3.1%; p = 0.22). In subgroup analyses, the effect of the SVI on LTI was unchanged by United States Medical Licensing Examination score. However, when examining subgroups of SVI scores, the percentage of applicants in whom the SVI score changed the LTI was significantly different in those that scored in the lower and upper subgroups (p < 0.0001). The SVI video was viewed in 816 (36.8%) applications. Watching the video did not change the LTI in 631 (77.3%); LTI increased in 106 (13.0%) and decreased in 79 (9.7%) applications (p = 0.04).ConclusionsThe SVI score changed the LTI in 7% of applications. In this group, the score was equally likely to increase or decrease the LTI. Lower SVI scores were more likely to decrease the LTI than higher scores were to increase the LTI. Watching the SVI video was more likely to increase the LTI than to decrease it.
Agglomerate breakage and adhesion upon impact with complex‐shaped particles
Authors: Tamadondar Mohammad R. , de Martín Lilian , Rasmuson Anders 
Published: February 2019

AbstractUnderstanding the breakage and adhesion of an agglomerate upon collision with a target particle is a primary step to fathom the adhesive mixing process. While the effect of several variables, such as collision velocity and particle interface energy, on collision behavior has been explored, the effects of target particle morphology have yet to be revealed. In this work, we generate three‐dimensional particles with controllable shape and texture using Fourier harmonics and, using the discrete element method, we examine the collision of an agglomerate that impacts each target particle. Results show that the agglomerate breakage depends on the local curvature in the impact zone. We observe that the asperity and elongation factors of the target particle largely contribute to the extent of the deposition of fine particles and the size and number of generated fragments after impact, respectively. These results reveal the large potential error when approximating real particles as smooth spheres in fragmentation studies.
High energy requirements and water throughput of adult Shuar forager‐horticulturalists of Amazonian Ecuador
Authors: Christopher Lauren , Madimenos Felicia C. , Bribiescas Richard G. , Urlacher Samuel S. , Snodgrass James J. , Sugiyama Lawrence S. , Pontzer Herman 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectivesWe measured total energy expenditure (TEE; kcal/d) and water throughput (L/d) among Shuar forager‐horticulturalists from Amazonian Ecuador to compare their daily energy and water demands to adults in other small‐scale and industrialized populations.MethodsTEE and water throughput were measured using the doubly labeled water method among 15 Shuar adults (eight women, seven men; age range 18‐60 years) living in a relatively remote village. We used multiple regression to assess the effects of anthropometric variables (body size, fat free mass, age, and sex) on TEE and water throughput. We also compared Shuar TEE and water throughput to those of other small‐scale and industrialized societies.ResultsTEE among Shuar adults (men: 4141 ± 645 kcal/d, women: 2536 ± 281 kcal/d) was most strongly correlated with fat free mass. Estimated physical activity levels (PAL) calculated as (TEE/estimated BMR), were greater for men (2.34 ± 0.29) than women (1.83 ± 0.14, P < 0.001). Water throughput was also greater among Shuar men (9.37 ± 2.34 L/d) than women (4.76 ± 0.36 L/d, P < 0.001). Shuar TEE and water throughput were elevated compared to adults in industrialized populations.DiscussionTEE and PAL of Shuar men are among the highest recorded during normal daily life, and likely reflect both high levels of physical activity and cultural dietary practices. Drinking large amounts of chicha, a traditional carbohydrate‐rich drink made from manioc, likely contributes to the high levels of water throughput among Shuar men, and may contribute to elevated TEE.
Metabolic patterns across core features in dementia with lewy bodies
Authors: Morbelli Silvia , Chincarini Andrea , Brendel Matthias , Rominger Axel , Bruffaerts Rose , Vandenberghe Rik , Kramberger Milica G. , Trost Maja , Garibotto Valentina , Nicastro Nicolas , Frisoni Giovanni B. , Lemstra Afina W. , van der Zande Jessica , Pilotto Andrea , Padovani Alessandro , Garcia‐Ptacek Sara , Savitcheva Irina , Ochoa‐Figueroa Miguel A. , Davidsson Annette , Camacho Valle , Peira Enrico , Arnaldi Dario , Bauckneht Matteo , Pardini Matteo , Sambuceti Gianmario , Aarsland Dag , Nobili Flavio 
Published: February 2019

ObjectiveTo identify brain regions whose metabolic impairment contributes to dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) clinical core features expression and to assess the influence of severity of global cognitive impairment on the DLB hypometabolic pattern.MethodsBrain fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and information on core features were available in 171 patients belonging to the imaging repository of the European DLB Consortium. Principal component analysis was applied to identify brain regions relevant to the local data variance. A linear regression model was applied to generate core‐feature–specific patterns controlling for the main confounding variables (Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE], age, education, gender, and center). Regression analysis to the locally normalized intensities was performed to generate an MMSE‐sensitive map.ResultsParkinsonism negatively covaried with bilateral parietal, precuneus, and anterior cingulate metabolism; visual hallucinations (VH) with bilateral dorsolateral–frontal cortex, posterior cingulate, and parietal metabolism; and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) with bilateral parieto‐occipital cortex, precuneus, and ventrolateral–frontal metabolism. VH and RBD shared a positive covariance with metabolism in the medial temporal lobe, cerebellum, brainstem, basal ganglia, thalami, and orbitofrontal and sensorimotor cortex. Cognitive fluctuations negatively covaried with occipital metabolism and positively with parietal lobe metabolism. MMSE positively covaried with metabolism in the left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral–parietal cortex, and left precuneus, and negatively with metabolism in the insula, medial frontal gyrus, hippocampus in the left hemisphere, and right cerebellum.InterpretationRegions of more preserved metabolism are relatively consistent across the variegate DLB spectrum. By contrast, core features were associated with more prominent hypometabolism in specific regions, thus suggesting a close clinical–imaging correlation, reflecting the interplay between topography of neurodegeneration and clinical presentation in DLB patients. Ann Neurol 2019;85:715–725
Physicochemical and mechanical degradation of polyamide 11 induced by hydrolysis and thermal aging
Authors: Maïza S. , Lefebvre X. , Brusselle‐Dupend N. , Klopffer M.‐H. , Cangémi L. , Castagnet S. , Grandidier J.‐C. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis article deals with the effect of both temperature and water activity on polyamide 11 physicochemical and mechanical properties. The purpose of this work is to describe the ductile–brittle transition of polyamides during aging in a wet environment using a mechanical behavior model. For that it is necessary to make physicochemical analyzes (DSC, FTIR, GPC, viscosity) and mechanical tests (uniaxial tensile test and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis). All of these tests were performed on unaged samples and on aged samples for until 60 days. Two types of aging conditions were performed: In water in an acidic medium at temperature, and in purely thermal conditions in a neutral environment. Changes in mechanical properties with aging were observed in the polymer and were correlated to morphological changes deduced from the physicochemical characterizations. An increase of the second yield stress related to the recrystallization and a decrease of the strain at break due to the decrease of the molecular weight were observed during aging. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47628.
Electromagnetic interference shielding behavior of chemically and thermally reduced graphene based multifunctional polyurethane nanocomposites: A comparative study
Authors: Bansala Taruna , Joshi Mangala , Mukhopadhyay Samrat 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTThis article presents the effect of exfoliation, dispersion, and electrical conductivity of graphene sheets onto the electrical, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and gas barrier properties of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) based nanocomposite films. The chemically reduced graphene (CRG) and thermally reduced/annealed graphene (TRG) having Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas of 18.2 and 159.6 m2/g, respectively, when solution blended with TPU matrix using N,N‐dimethylformamide as a solvent. Graphene sheets based TPU nanocomposites have been evaluated and compared for EMI shielding in Ku band, electrical conductivity, and gas barrier property. TRG/TPU nanocomposite films showed excellent gas barrier against N2 gas as compared to CRG/TPU. The EMI shielding effectiveness for neat CRG and TRG graphene sheets is found to be −80, −45 dB, respectively, at 2 mm thickness. The EMI shielding data revealed that TRG/TPU nanocomposites showed better shielding at lower concentration (10 wt %), while CRG displayed better attenuation at higher concentrations. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47666.
Influence of the processing variables on the microstructure and properties of gelatin‐based scaffolds by freeze‐drying
Authors: Perez‐Puyana V. , Felix M. , Romero A. , Guerrero A. 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTIn the last few years, the field of tissue engineering has suffered an exponential growth, and although it is true that the processing parameters affect the properties of the scaffolds, only a few studies have investigated that statement. For that reason, the influence of different parameters involved in the freeze‐drying process (container, freezing temperature, pH, and solvent used) on the mechanical and structural properties of gelatin‐based scaffolds was analyzed in this study. Thus, rheological measurements and porosity analyses were performed to evaluate the scaffolds obtained. Results indicate that the parameters evaluated modify the mechanical properties of the scaffold, highlighting the option of a plastic mold to contain an acidic protein solution produced using a weak acid (acetic acid) at low concentration (0.05 M) as solvent. On the contrary, only the pH and the freezing temperature led to significant differences in the porosity of these scaffolds, obtaining values higher than 95% for all the systems studied. These results are useful to demonstrate that the control of the different parameters implied in the processing technique allows designing a scaffold with specific properties suitable for different applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47671.
Compatibilizing effects for semicrystalline polymer‐infiltrated amorphous polymer matrix: Mechanical (toughness), thermal, and morphological behavior of compatibilized polypropylene/polycarbonate blends
Authors: Jang Keon‐Soo 
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACTPolycarbonates (PCs) have been extensively blended with polyolefins such as polypropylene (PP) due to pecuniary advantages. Although the toughness of a pristine PC matrix has been examined, limited works have investigated the toughness of heterogeneous PC/PP blend systems, focusing merely on PC‐dispersed PP matrices. In this study, the mechanical/thermal properties of PP‐dispersed PC matrix (PC‐rich phase) were examined by using potential compatibilizers: poly(maleic anhydride‐alt‐α‐olefin) (OM), ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid (EA), and cyclic olefin copolymer. The incorporation of 0.5–5.0 phr of compatibilizers (OM and EA) into PC substantially enhanced the toughness of PC/PP15 blends according to four different testing methods. The highest toughness was obtained with 0.5 phr of OM and EA. The compatibilized blends displayed enhanced various thermal properties such as glass transition temperatures, heat deflection temperature, and degradation point, due to the compatibilizing effect. Moreover, 0.5 phr of compatibilizers (OM and EA) were determined as the most effective concentration in terms of toughness and most properties, without compromising strengths and moduli. The morphology of PP‐dispersed PC matrix (crystalline polymer‐infiltrated amorphous polymer matrix) differed from that of PC‐dispersed PP matrix. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47684.
Strong Inhibitory Effects of Antisense Probes on Gene Expression through Ultrafast RNA Photocrosslinking
Authors: Fujimoto Kenzo , Yang‐Chun Hung , Nakamura Shigetaka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWe have reported the photochemical regulation of the intracellular antisense effect of antisense probes containing a photo‐responsive artificial nucleic acid, 3‐cyanovinylcarbazole nucleoside (CNVK). Here we focus on the importance of the photocrosslinking rate on the inhibitory effect on gene expression using photocrosslinkable antisense probes (pcASOs). The inhibitory effect of pcASOs on GFP gene expression was dependent on the photocrosslinking rate of 3‐cyanovinylcarbazole with d‐threoninol (CNVD), CNVK, or psoralen. The ultrafast RNA photocrosslinking induced the formation of a thermally irreversible covalent bond between pcASOs and the target RNA. These ASOs strongly inhibited gene expression only when the photocrosslinking rate was faster than the random walk of branch migration. In addition, pcASOs containing CNVD or CNVK targeted the RNAs with secondary structures. These results indicate the regulatory effect of photocrosslinker and photoirradiation energy using pcASOs on the gene expression level.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas as Efficient Nanoreactors in Cascade Reactions Preparing Cyclopropanic Derivatives
Authors: Huo Hang , Jiang Yanqiu , Zhao Tingting , Wang Junlei , Li Defeng , Xu Xianzhu , Lin Kaifeng 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this work, three organosilica precursors functionalized with carbamate moieties were synthesized by condensing of 3‐isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane and coupling regents of either hydroquinone (HQ), bisphenol A (BPA), or 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol (BN). These organosilica precursors were covalently bonded in the framework of periodic mesoporous organosilicas by co‐condensation and hydrolysis with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) under hydrothermal treatment. The compositions and physical properties were characterized with FTIR, XRD, thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), 29Si NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopies, SEM, TEM, and BET technologies. These characterizations suggest that three different structures were formed as the result of different sizes and compositions of the organosilica precursors. The three mesoporous organosilicas were applied as heterogeneous catalysts in the one‐pot cascade Knoevenagel and Michael cyclopropanic reactions for the synthesis of cyclopropanic derivatives and showed excellent activity and selectivity. The highest conversion was obtained with mesoporous catalyst (MC)‐HQ owing to its ordered mesostructure, highest surface area, and weakest stereo effect of the organic linking groups compared with MC‐BAP and MC‐BN. This methodology employed cheaper and more easily obtainable raw materials as reagents over the traditional alkene additive system and these heterogeneous catalysts exhibit superior performance and recyclability than typical homogeneous organic catalysts.
Thermo‐chemical conversion of biomass and upgrading to biofuel: The Thermo‐Catalytic Reforming process – A review
Authors: Schmitt Nina , Apfelbacher Andreas , Jäger Nils , Daschner Robert , Stenzel Fabian , Hornung Andreas 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThermo‐catalytic reforming (TCR®) is a promising conversion technology for the production of liquid bio‐fuels. The process is a proven opportunity to convert biological wastes and residues into hydrogen‐rich syngas, high‐quality oil, and char without volatiles. Bio‐oil produced from TCR® has a high carbon content, low water content, low oxygen content, and a high heating value; it is therefore directly applicable as feed in boilers or as blend in dual fuel engines. A feasible opportunity for using bio‐oil in automotive combustion engines is a further upgrade step to bio‐fuel by hydrogenation. During this hydrotreatment, heterogeneous atoms like sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen are removed or substituted with hydrogen. Fraunhofer UMSICHT already produces gasoline and diesel that comply with European fuel standards EN 228 and EN 590, using different catalysts like NiMo/Al2O3, CoMo/Al2O3, and Ru/C for hydrogenation at 643 K and a constant hydrogen pressure of 14 MPa. Various hydrocarbons and benzene derivatives are verified after hydrotreating. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amerikanische Policy‐Forschung, Komplexität und die Krise des Regierens: Zur gesellschaftlichen Einbettung sozialwissenschaftlicher Begriffsbildung
Authors: Leendertz Ariane 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe American Policy Sciences, Complexity and the Crisis of Government: On the Social Embeddedness of Concept Formation in the Social Sciences. By analyzing debates about social “complexity” in the American policy sciences and in intellectual discourse of the 1970s, this article draws attention to the social embeddedness of concept formation and theory building in the social sciences. In the 1970s, a new concept of social “complexity” emerged in the social sciences, when scholars transferred and adapted elements of complexity theory from mathematics, computer science, cybernetics, and general systems theory to refine social theory. The article analyzes the context and conditions in which this transfer occurred. It shows that the scholarly debates about social complexity were entwined with broader public‐political discourses, dealing in particular with the challenges of government and public policy in the advanced Western democracies. The discourse on complexity among social scientists had additional layers of meaning: even in academic discourse, “complexity” was also used as a buzzword and as a metaphor.
Establishing synthesis pathway‐host compatibility via enzyme solubility
Authors: Amin Sara A. , Endalur Gopinarayanan Venkatesh , Nair Nikhil U. , Hassoun Soha 
Published: February 2019

AbstractCurrent pathway synthesis tools identify possible pathways that can be added to a host to produce the desired target molecule through the exploration of abstract metabolic and reaction network space. However, not many of these tools explore gene‐level information required to physically realize the identified synthesis pathways, and none explore enzyme‐host compatibility. Developing tools that address this disconnect between abstract reactions/metabolic design space and physical genetic sequence design space will enable expedited experimental efforts that avoid exploring unprofitable synthesis pathways. This work describes a workflow, termed Probabilistic Pathway Assembly with Solubility Confidence Scores (ProPASS), which links synthesis pathway construction with the exploration of the physical design space as imposed by the availability of enzymes with predicted characterized activities within the host. Predicted protein solubility propensity scores are used as a confidence level to quantify the compatibility of each pathway enzyme with the host Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study also presents a database, termed Protein Solubility Database (ProSol DB), which provides solubility confidence scores in E. coli for 240,016 characterized enzymes obtained from UniProtKB/Swiss‐Prot. The utility of ProPASS is demonstrated by generating genetic implementations of heterologous synthesis pathways in E. coli that target several commercially useful biomolecules.
Model‐based optimization of antibody galactosylation in CHO cell culture
Authors: Kotidis Pavlos , Jedrzejewski Philip , Sou Si Nga , Sellick Christopher , Polizzi Karen , del Val Ioscani Jimenez , Kontoravdi Cleo 
Published: February 2019

AbstractExerting control over the glycan moieties of antibody therapeutics is highly desirable from a product safety and batch‐to‐batch consistency perspective. Strategies to improve antibody productivity may compromise quality, while interventions for improving glycoform distribution can adversely affect cell growth and productivity. Process design therefore needs to consider the trade‐off between preserving cellular health and productivity while enhancing antibody quality. In this work, we present a modeling platform that quantifies the impact of glycosylation precursor feeding – specifically that of galactose and uridine – on cellular growth, metabolism as well as antibody productivity and glycoform distribution. The platform has been parameterized using an initial training data set yielding an accuracy of ±5% with respect to glycoform distribution. It was then used to design an optimized feeding strategy that enhances the final concentration of galactosylated antibody in the supernatant by over 90% compared with the control without compromising the integral of viable cell density or final antibody titer. This work supports the implementation of Quality by Design towards higher‐performing bioprocesses.