bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroanatomical substrate of chronic psychosis in epilepsy: an MRI study
Authors: Hirakawa Noriaki , Kuga Hironori , Hirano Yoji , Sato Jinya , Oribe Naoya , Nakamura Itta , Hirano Shogo , Ueno Takefumi , Oda Yuko , Togao Osamu , Hiwatashi Akio , Honda Hiroshi , Kanba Shigenobu , Onitsuka Toshiaki 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
There may be different neural bases between subjects with epilepsy only (EP) and interictal chronic epilepsy psychosis (EPS). However, there have been few structural MRI studies of EPS. The current study was conducted to investigate the neural substrate of EPS. T1-weighted images were analyzed in 14 patients with EPS and 14 strictly-matched patients with EP. We conducted volume comparison in the whole brain using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). The VBM method revealed that EPS patients exhibited significantly reduced gray matter volumes in the left postcentral gyrus and the left supra marginal gyrus compared with EP patients (adjusted p = 0.029, FDR corrected q; k = 319 voxels). For clinical correlations, there were no significant associations between psychotic symptoms and gray matter volumes in the left postcentral gyrus and the left supra marginal gyrus. VBM analysis revealed that reduced gray matter volumes in the left postcentral gyrus and the left supra marginal gyrus may be crucial regions for EPS.
AXIOMATIZATION OF PROVABLE n-PROVABILITY
Authors: KOLMAKOV EVGENY , BEKLEMISHEV LEV 
Published: February 2019

AbstractA formula φ is called n-provable in a formal arithmetical theory S if φ is provable in S together with all true arithmetical ${{\rm{\Pi }}_n}$-sentences taken as additional axioms. While in general the set of all n-provable formulas, for a fixed $n > 0$, is not recursively enumerable, the set of formulas φ whose n-provability is provable in a given r.e. metatheory T is r.e. This set is deductively closed and will be, in general, an extension of S. We prove that these theories can be naturally axiomatized in terms of progressions of iterated local reflection principles. In particular, the set of provably 1-provable sentences of Peano arithmetic $PA$ can be axiomatized by ${\varepsilon _0}$ times iterated local reflection schema over $PA$. Our characterizations yield additional information on the proof-theoretic strength of these theories (w.r.t. various measures of it) and on their axiomatizability. We also study the question of speed-up of proofs and show that in some cases a proof of n-provability of a sentence can be much shorter than its proof from iterated reflection principles.
On the Schertz Conjecture
Authors: Koo Ja Kyung , Yoon Dong Sung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractSchertz conjectured that every finite abelian extension of imaginary quadratic fields can be generated by the norm of the Siegel–Ramachandra invariants. We present a conditional proof of his conjecture by means of the characters on class groups and the second Kronecker limit formula.
Caught in the middle in mid-life: provision of care across multiple generations
Authors: Vlachantoni Athina , Evandrou Maria , Falkingham Jane , Gomez-Leon Madelin 
Published: February 2019

AbstractWith a large baby-boomer generation entering mid-later life in the United Kingdom, and families spanning across multiple generations, understanding how individuals support multiple generations is of increasing research and policy significance. Data from the British 1958 National Child Development Study, collected when respondents were aged 55, are used to examine how mid-life women and men allocate their time to support elderly parents/parents-in-law and their own adult children in terms of providing grandchild care, and whether there is a trade-off in caring for different generations. Binary logistic and multinomial regression models distinguish between individuals supporting multiple generations, only one generation or none. One-third of mid-life individuals are ‘sandwiched’ between multiple generations, by having at least one parent/parent-in-law and one grandchild alive. Among them, half are simultaneously supporting both generations. Caring for grandchildren increases the probability of also supporting one's parents/parents-in-law, and vice versa. More intense support for one generation is associated with a higher likelihood of supporting the other generation. Good health is associated with caring for multiple generations for men and women, while working part-time or not at all is associated with such care provision for women only. Facilitating mid-life men and women in responding to family support demands whilst maintaining paid employment will be critical in fostering future intergenerational support.
The tug of war between an idiom's figurative and literal meanings: Evidence from native and bilingual speakers
Authors: van Ginkel Wendy , Dijkstra Ton 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn two lexical-decision experiments, we investigated the processing of figurative and literal meaning in idioms. Dutch native and German–Dutch bilingual speakers responded to target words presented after a minimal context idiom prime (e.g., ‘He kicked the bucket’). Target words were related to the figurative meaning of the prime (‘die’), the literal word at the end of the idiom (‘water’), or unrelated to both (‘face’). We observed facilitation in RTs for figuratively and literally related targets relative to unrelated targets for both participant groups. A higher frequency idiom-final word caused inhibition in responses to the literally related target for native speakers, indicating competition between the idiom as a whole and its literal word constituents. Native speakers further showed sensitivity to transparency of the idiom's meaning and the plausibility of the idiom as a literally interpretable sentence. The results are interpreted in terms of available L1/L2 idiom comprehension models, and a more detailed processing account for literal and idiomatic sentence interpretation.
Hungry for more: key stakeholders’ support for more stringent school food policies
Authors: Pettigrew Simone , Talati Zenobia , Sauzier Megan , Ferguson Amanda 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveSchool food policies are an important component of comprehensive strategies to address child obesity and improve children’s health. Evaluations have demonstrated that these policies can be initially well accepted and appropriately implemented, however little is known about how acceptance levels may change over time. The present study aimed to re-evaluate a school food policy 10 years after its introduction to assess key stakeholders’ support for various policy extensions that would strengthen the scope of the policy.DesignOnline surveys administered 1 year after policy introduction (n 607, 2008) and 10 years after policy introduction (n 307, 2016).SettingWestern Australia.ParticipantsSchool principals, teachers, canteen managers and presidents of parents & citizens associations from Western Australian Government primary schools.ResultsAt both time points, and especially at time 2 (10 years post policy implementation), high levels of support were reported for the policy and possible policy extensions. Support was strongest for an additional requirement to integrate the canteen menu with the classroom health curriculum.ConclusionsThe results suggest that once a policy has become embedded into school practices, stakeholders may be receptive to modifications that strengthen the policy to enhance its potential effects on children’s diets.
Smoking during pregnancy reduces vitamin D levels in a Finnish birth register cohort
Authors: Lokki A Inkeri , Heikkinen-Eloranta Jenni , Öhman Hanna , Heinonen Seppo , Surcel Heljä-Marja , Nielsen Henriette Svarre 
Published: February 2019

AbstractObjectiveMaternal vitamin D level in pregnancy may have implications for both the mother and fetus. Deficiency of vitamin D has been linked to several pregnancy complications and fetal skeletal health. Smoking has been associated with reduced serum level of the vitamin D metabolite, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D).DesignA nested case–control study within the Finnish Maternity Cohort, a population-based cohort which includes first-trimester sera from 98 % of pregnancies in Finland since 1987. The selection consisted of women with uncomplicated pregnancies. We studied serum concentration of 25(OH)D in 313 non-smoking and forty-six self-reported smoking pregnant women.SettingWe hypothesize that pregnant smokers may have an increased risk of low 25(OH)D levels especially during winter months.ParticipantsA control group from an unpublished pregnancy complication study consisting of 359 uncomplicated pregnancies. Individuals who reported that they do not smoke were considered ‘non-smokers’ (n 313) and those who reported continued smoking after the first trimester of pregnancy were considered ‘smokers’ (n 46).ResultsSmokers had significantly lower levels of 25(OH)D irrespective of sampling time (P<0·0001). Furthermore, during the low sun-exposure season, only 14 % of smokers met the guideline level of 40 nmol/l for serum 25(OH)D in comparison with 31 % of non-smokers.ConclusionsExpectant mothers who smoke have an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency during low sun-exposure months in northern regions. Further studies are needed to assess the associated risks for maternal and fetal health as well as possible long-term implications for the infant.
Design and analysis of a metamaterial inspired dual band antenna for WLAN application
Authors: Garg Priyanka , Jain Priyanka 
Published: February 2019

AbstractIn this paper, a compact, low-profile, coplanar waveguide-fed metamaterial inspired dual-band microstrip antenna is presented for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) application. To achieve the goal a triangular split ring resonator is used along with an open-ended stub. The proposed antenna has a compact size of 20 × 24 mm2 fabricated on an FR-4 epoxy substrate with dielectric constant (εr) 4.4. The antenna provides two distinct bands I from 2.40 to 2.48 GHz and II from 4.7 to 6.04 GHz with reflection coefficient better than −10 dB, covering the entire WLAN (2.4/5.2/5.8 GHz) band spectrum. The performance of the proposed metamaterial inspired antenna is also studied in terms of the radiation pattern, efficiency, and the realized gain. A comparative study is also presented to show the performance of the proposed metamaterial inspired antenna with respect to other conventional antenna structures in terms of overall size, bandwidth, gain, and reflection coefficient. Finally, the antenna is fabricated and tested. The simulated results show good agreement with the measured results.
Magnetospheric Chorus, Exohiss, and Magnetosonic Emissions Simultaneously Modulated by Fundamental Toroidal Standing Alfvén Waves Following Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Fluctuations
Authors: Liu Nigang , Su Zhenpeng , Gao Zhonglei , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wang Shui 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMagnetospheric quasiperiodic whistler‐mode emissions have long been considered a consequence of the relaxation oscillation or the compressional ultralow‐frequency wave modulation. Here we experimentally demonstrate that the whistler‐mode chorus, exohiss, and magnetosonic emissions can be effectively modulated by the toroidal ultralow‐frequency waves. On 04 August 2017, the solar wind dynamic pressure fluctuations excited the fundamental toroidal standing Alfvén waves in the dayside magnetosphere. These regular toroidal pulsations displayed the approximately same periods as the power variations of the whistler‐mode emissions from 50 Hz to 5 kHz. Along with the decay of the toroidal pulsations, the quasiperiodic feature of these whistler‐mode emissions gradually became indistinct. However, no modulation signatures of background parameters and resonant particles for the whistler‐mode emissions were observable near the equator, and the exact cause for this phenomenon remains to be elucidated.
Residence Time Controls on the Fate of Nitrogen in Flow‐Through Lakebed Sediments
Authors: Hampton Tyler B. , Zarnetske Jay P. , Briggs Martin A. , Singha Kamini , Harvey Judson W. , Day‐Lewis Frederick D. , MahmoodPoor Dehkordy Farzaneh , Lane John W. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractFor many glacial lakes with highly permeable sediments, water exchange rates control hydrologic residence times within the sediment‐water interface (SWI) and the removal of reactive compounds such as nitrate, a common pollutant in lakes and groundwater. Here we conducted a series of focused tracer injection experiments in the upper 20 cm of the naturally downwelling SWI in a flow‐through lake on Cape Cod, MA. We systematically varied residence time and reactant controls on nitrate processing, using isotopically labeled 15N nitrate to monitor the effect of these changes on nitrate removal via denitrification. The addition of acetate, a labile carbon compound, triggered the lake SWI to switch from net production to net removal of nitrate. When acetate was combined with increased residence time created by controlled reductions in water flux, we observed a fivefold increase in nitrate removal, a 26‐fold increase in N2 production, and a 42‐fold increase in N2O production. We demonstrate that water residence time is an important control on the fate of nitrate in these lake SWIs and illustrate that seasonal conditions that alter lake exchange rates and variability in lake carbon may predict dynamic nitrate removal across the SWI. Additionally, observed N2O production during the oxic pore water experiments paired with geophysical characterization of the sediment porosity revealed that the lake SWI has less mobile pores occupying upward of 50% of the total porosity volume, which function as reactive microzones for nitrate processing.
Crosstalk between Dpp and Tor signaling coordinates autophagy-dependent midgut degradation
Authors: Denton Donna , Xu Tianqi , Dayan Sonia , Nicolson Shannon , Kumar Sharad 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe majority of developmentally programmed cell death (PCD) is mediated by caspase-dependent apoptosis; however, additional modalities, including autophagy-dependent cell death, have important spatiotemporally restricted functions. Autophagy involves the engulfment of cytoplasmic components in a double membrane vesicle for delivery to the lysosome. An established model for autophagy-dependent PCD is Drosophila larval midgut removal during metamorphosis. Our previous work demonstrated that growth arrest is required to initiate autophagy-dependent midgut degradation and Target of rapamycin (Tor) limits autophagy induction. In further studies, we uncovered a role for Decapentaplegic (Dpp) in coordinating midgut degradation. Here, we provide new data to show that Dpp interacts with Tor during midgut degradation. Inhibiting Tor rescued the block in midgut degradation due to Dpp signaling. We propose that Dpp is upstream of Tor and down-regulation promotes growth arrest and autophagy-dependent midgut degradation. These findings underscore a relationship between Dpp and Tor signaling in the regulation of cell growth and tissue removal.
The impact of ionizing irradiation on liver detoxifying enzymes. A re-investigation
Authors: Bocedi Alessio , Ingrosso Gianluca , Cattani Giada , Miceli Roberto , Ponti Elisabetta , Lancia Andrea , Baldelli Sara , Guidi Arianna , Ciriolo Maria Rosa , Mattei Maurizio , Ricci Giorgio 
Published: February 2019

AbstractBy looking at many studies describing the impact of ionizing irradiations in living mice on a few key detoxifying enzymes like catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione transferase, we noted conflicting evidences: almost all papers finalized to demonstrate the protective effects of natural or synthetic drugs against the damage by irradiations, described also a relevant inactivation of these enzymes in the absence of these compounds. Conversely, no inactivation and even enhanced activity has been noted under similar irradiation modality in all studies supporting the “adaptive response”. Motivated by these curious discrepancies, we performed irradiation experiments on living mice, explanted mouse livers and liver homogenates observing that, in all conditions the activity of all these enzymes remained almost unchanged except for a slight increase found in explanted livers. Our results put a question about many previous scientific reports in this field.
The binding of Borealin to microtubules underlies a tension independent kinetochore-microtubule error correction pathway
Authors: Trivedi Prasad , Zaytsev Anatoly V. , Godzi Maxim , Ataullakhanov Fazly I. , Grishchuk Ekaterina L. , Stukenberg P. Todd 
Published: February 2019

AbstractProper chromosome segregation depends upon kinetochore phosphorylation by the Chromosome Passenger Complex (CPC). Current models suggest the activity of the CPC decreases in response to the inter-kinetochore stretch that accompanies the formation of bi-oriented microtubule attachments, however little is known about tension-independent CPC phosphoregulation. Microtubule bundles initially lie in close proximity to inner centromeres and become depleted by metaphase. Here we find these microtubules control kinetochore phosphorylation by the CPC in a tension independent manner via a microtubule-binding site on the Borealin subunit. Disruption of Borealin-microtubule interactions generates reduced phosphorylation of prometaphase kinetochores, improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments and weakened spindle checkpoint signals. Experimental and modeling evidence suggests that kinetochore phosphorylation is greatly stimulated when the CPC binds microtubules that lie near the inner centromere, even if kinetochores have high inter-kinetochore stretch. We propose the CPC senses its local environment through microtubule structures to control phosphorylation of kinetochores.
Electrically pumped photonic integrated soliton microcomb
Authors: Raja Arslan S. , Voloshin Andrey S. , Guo Hairun , Agafonova Sofya E. , Liu Junqiu , Gorodnitskiy Alexander S. , Karpov Maxim , Pavlov Nikolay G. , Lucas Erwan , Galiev Ramzil R. , Shitikov Artem E. , Jost John D. , Gorodetsky Michael L. , Kippenberg Tobias J. 
Published: February 2019

AbstractMicrocombs provide a path to broad-bandwidth integrated frequency combs with low power consumption, which are compatible with wafer-scale fabrication. Yet, electrically-driven, photonic chip-based microcombs are inhibited by the required high threshold power and the frequency agility of the laser for soliton initiation. Here we demonstrate an electrically-driven soliton microcomb by coupling a III–V-material-based (indium phosphide) multiple-longitudinal-mode laser diode chip to a high-Q silicon nitride microresonator fabricated using the photonic Damascene process. The laser diode is self-injection locked to the microresonator, which is accompanied by the narrowing of the laser linewidth, and the simultaneous formation of dissipative Kerr solitons. By tuning the laser diode current, we observe transitions from modulation instability, breather solitons, to single-soliton states. The system operating at an electronically-detectable sub-100-GHz mode spacing requires less than 1 Watt of electrical power, can fit in a volume of ca. 1 cm3, and does not require on-chip filters and heaters, thus simplifying the integrated microcomb.
Light sheet microscopy with acoustic sample confinement
Authors: Yang Zhengyi , Cole Katy L. H. , Qiu Yongqiang , Somorjai Ildikó M. L. , Wijesinghe Philip , Nylk Jonathan , Cochran Sandy , Spalding Gabriel C. , Lyons David A. , Dholakia Kishan 
Published: February 2019

AbstractContactless sample confinement would enable a whole host of new studies in developmental biology and neuroscience, in particular, when combined with long-term, wide-field optical imaging. To achieve this goal, we demonstrate a contactless acoustic gradient force trap for sample confinement in light sheet microscopy. Our approach allows the integration of real-time environmentally controlled experiments with wide-field low photo-toxic imaging, which we demonstrate on a variety of marine animal embryos and larvae. To illustrate the key advantages of our approach, we provide quantitative data for the dynamic response of the heartbeat of zebrafish larvae to verapamil and norepinephrine, which are known to affect cardiovascular function. Optical flow analysis allows us to explore the cardiac cycle of the zebrafish and determine the changes in contractile volume within the heart. Overcoming the restrictions of sample immobilisation and mounting can open up a broad range of studies, with real-time drug-based assays and biomechanical analyses.
Effect of the Great Recession on regional mortality trends in Europe
Authors: Ballester Joan , Robine Jean-Marie , Herrmann François R. , Rodó Xavier 
Published: February 2019

AbstractPrevious studies have consistently shown the recurrent relationship between macroeconomic cycles and changes in mortality trends, so that recessions are generally associated with periods of faster life expectancy rise, and periods of economic growth with slower reductions or even increases in mortality trends. Here we analyze the link between annual per capita estimates of gross domestic product and daily atmospheric temperatures and standardized death rates for a large ensemble of European regions to describe the effect of the Great Recession on annual and seasonal changes in all-cause human mortality trends. Results show that the countries and regions with the largest (smallest) economic slowdown were also those with the largest (smallest) strengthening of the declining mortality trend. This procyclical evolution of mortality rates is found to be stronger during the cold part of the year, showing that it also depends on the seasonal timing of the underlying causes of death.
Megahertz-wave-transmitting conducting polymer electrode for device-to-device integration
Authors: Kim Taehoon , Kim Gwangmook , Kim Hyeohn , Yoon Hong-Jib , Kim Taeseong , Jun Yohan , Shin Tae-Hyun , Kang Shinill , Cheon Jinwoo , Hwang Dosik , Min Byung-wook , Shim Wooyoung 
Published: February 2019

AbstractThe ideal combination of high optical transparency and high electrical conductivity, especially at very low frequencies of less than the gigahertz (GHz) order, such as the radiofrequencies at which electronic devices operate (tens of kHz to hundreds of GHz), is fundamental incompatibility, which creates a barrier to the realization of enhanced user interfaces and ‘device-to-device integration.’ Herein, we present a design strategy for preparing a megahertz (MHz)-transparent conductor, based on a plasma frequency controlled by the electrical conductivity, with the ultimate goal of device-to-device integration through electromagnetic wave transmittance. This approach is verified experimentally using a conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), the microstructure of which is manipulated by employing a solution process. The use of a transparent conducting polymer as an electrode enables the fabrication of a fully functional touch-controlled display device and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible biomedical monitoring device, which would open up a new paradigm for transparent conductors.