bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group rumination-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) v. group CBT for depression: phase II trial
Authors: Hvenegaard Morten , Moeller Stine B. , Poulsen Stig , Gondan Matthias , Grafton Ben , Austin Stephen F. , Kistrup Morten , Rosenberg Nicole G. K. , Howard Henriette , Watkins Edward R. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractBackgroundAlthough cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for depression, less than half of patients achieve satisfactory symptom reduction during treatment. Targeting known psychopathological processes such as rumination may increase treatment efficacy. The aim of this study was to test whether adding group rumination-focused CBT (RFCBT) that explicitly targets rumination to routine medical management is superior to adding group CBT to routine medical management in treating major depression.MethodsA total of 131 outpatients with major depression were randomly allocated to 12 sessions group RFCBT v. group CBT, each in addition to routine medical management. The primary outcome was observer-rated symptoms of depression at the end of treatment measured on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Secondary outcomes were rumination at post-treatment and depressive symptoms at 6 months follow-up (Trial registered: NCT02278224).ResultsRFCBT significantly improved observer-rated depressive symptoms (Cohen's d 0.38; 95% CI 0.03–0.73) relative to group CBT at post-treatment on the primary outcome. No post-treatment differences were found in rumination or in depressive symptoms at 6 months follow-up, although these secondary analyses may have been underpowered.ConclusionsThis is the first randomized controlled trial providing evidence of benefits of RFCBT in major depression compared with CBT. Group RFCBT may be a beneficial alternative to group CBT for major depression.
The SENSE of Nuclear Physics: New Frontiers, Media, and Collaborations
Authors: Brennen J. Scott 
Published: January 2019

ArgumentThis article describes the efforts of one fifty-year-old nuclear physics research center to stay relevant as the boundaries of nuclear physics have expanded and distributed collaborations have become increasingly common. In adapting to these shifts, SENSE, a university-based institute in the United States, has seen notable changes in power relations, forms of legitimation, and social structures. This article recognizes and investigates these changes through an interpretative investigation of four common media objects incorporated into research practice at the institute: collaboration wikis, telephones, computer simulations, and government reports. In doing so, this article adopts an approach from media studies through which hard-to-see changes in social and cultural life can be investigated by observing media objects in research practice. Ultimately, this article tells the story of a research organization and an entire discipline working to adapt to a rapidly changing scientific landscape.
Who Had Faith in Sociology? Scholarly and Ideological Divergences in Belgium around 1900
Authors: Vanderstraeten Raf 
Published: January 2019

ArgumentThis paper examines the early institutionalization of sociology in Belgium. It displays how different intellectual and social contexts bred their own research interests and research approaches. It shows, more particularly, how ideological affiliations and divisions defined the setting within which this new discipline had to develop in Belgium in the decades around 1900. As a consequence of the ideological controversies, sociology had difficulty gaining legitimacy as a theory-driven analysis of society. Most scholars in Belgium could not avoid taking an explicitly normative position on society. This paper also displays how secularization and the reinforcement of the international level and its infrastructure gradually allowed for more academic autonomy for sociology in Belgium.
Development and Concurrent Validity of a Composite Social Isolation Index for Older Adults Using the CLSA
Authors: Wister Andrew , Cosco Theodore , Mitchell Barbara , Menec Verena , Fyffe Ian 
Published: January 2019

RÉSUMÉL’isolement social a retenu l’attention des chercheurs, en particulier dans la recherche concernant les personnes âgées, étant donné les corrélations établies avec la mortalité et le risque de mauvaise santé physique ou mentale. Toutefois, les mesures utilisées jusqu’à maintenant pour l’isolement social ont grandement varié et manquent souvent de clarté conceptuelle. La présente étude s’appuie sur un cadre conceptuel de classification des mesures d’isolement social et explique l’élaboration et la validation d’un indice composite d’isolement social (ELCV-SII) qui a été créé en utilisant les données de l’Étude longitudinale canadienne sur le vieillissement (ELCV). L’échantillon de l’ELCV incluait 21 491 Canadiens âgés de 65 ans ou plus (âge moyen : 72,9 ans; à 53,5 % de sexe féminin) retrouvés dans les données de base des cohortes de suivi et de la cohorte globale de l’ELCV (n = 51 338). Le CLSA-SII a été élaboré en utilisant une méthodologie standard, qui a été suivie pour la création d’autres mesures, dont la résilience à la multimorbidité et les indices de vieillissement efficaces. Les associations entre l’ELCV-SII et quatre variables clés (échelle de satisfaction de vie, dépression, santé mentale perçue et santé perçue) ont été évaluées par des analyses de régression, en tenant compte de l’âge, du sexe, du revenu et de la scolarité. Les associations entre l’indice CLSA-SII et les quatre variables d’intérêt ont donné lieu à des associations modérées statistiquement significatives conformes à la tendance prévue, qui concordent avec les recherches antérieures, ce qui démontre une bonne validité convergente pour l’ELCV-SII.
An enigmatic braincase from Five Points, Ohio (Westphalian D) further supports a stem tetrapod position for aïstopods
Authors: PARDO Jason D. , HOLMES Robert , ANDERSON Jason S. 
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACTWe describe a new specimen of the aïstopodOestocephalusfrom Five Points, Ohio, which preserves much of the posterior braincase. The specimen, the largest aïstopod skull described, preserves the postorbital region to the occiput. The posterior braincase has coossified the basioccipital, exoccipitals, and opisthotic. The parasphenoid is rostrally restricted, toothless, and highly vaulted along the cultriform process. The lateral walls of the cultriform process are further reinforced by large longitudinally running, ventral flanges from the parietals. Two large endochondral ventral projections from the basioccipital, previously interpreted as basal tuberosities for hypaxial muscle insertion, are here instead interpreted as articulations for the branchial skeleton. This interpretation is further supported by traces of vasculature that is consistent with what is seen in gill-bearing species. A model for the reorganisation of the basicranial region on the transition from hyomandibula to stapes is proposed, which suggests that gills, or gill-support skeletal elements, might be further distributed along the tetrapod stem than previously thought. These data further support the placement of aïstopods in the tetrapod stem group and require a reconsideration of our understanding of early tetrapod evolution.
An End to the Korean War: The Legal Character of the 2018 Summit Declarations and Implications of an Official Korean Peace Treaty
Authors: KIM Angela Semee 
Published: January 2019

AbstractGlobal attention to events on the Korean Peninsula has been striking in the past year. With an inter-Korean summit and an unprecedented US-DPRK summit, hopes of a final end to the Korean War have been renewed. Although these summits resulted in declarations which pronounced an end to the Korean War and an establishment of a peace regime, the declarations must not be mistaken as official peace treaties. Unlike a peace treaty, which is governed by international law, the two summit declarations are not governed by international law due to their lack of legality. Therefore, a clear distinction must be drawn between the declarations and a peace treaty. This paper aims to determine the legal status of the declarations and explain how they are merely non-binding political declarations. The paper then identifies and explores some of the legal implications of a Korean peace treaty.
Sensitivity of Seasonal Snowfall Attribution to Atmospheric Rivers and Their Reanalysis‐Based Detection
Authors: Huning Laurie S. , Guan Bin , Waliser Duane E. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe characterize the sensitivity of atmospheric river (AR)‐derived seasonal snowfall estimates to their atmospheric reanalysis‐based detection over Sierra Nevada, USA. We use an independent snow data set and the ARs identified with a single detection method applied to multiple atmospheric reanalyses of varying horizontal resolutions, to evaluate orographic relationships and contributions of individual ARs to the seasonal cumulative snowfall (CS). Spatial resolution differences have relatively minor effects on the number of ARs diagnosed, with higher‐resolution data sets identifying four more AR days per year, on average, during the 1985–2015 winters. However, this can lead to ~10% difference in AR attribution to the mean domain‐wide seasonal CS and differences up to 47% snowfall attribution at the seasonal scale. We show that identifying snow‐bearing ARs provides more information about the seasonal CS than simply knowing how many ARs occurred. Overall, we find that higher‐resolution atmospheric reanalyses imply greater attribution of seasonal CS to ARs.
Ionospheric Plasma Irregularities Characterized by the Swarm Satellites: Statistics at High Latitudes
Authors: Jin Yaqi , Spicher Andres , Xiong Chao , Clausen Lasse B. N. , Kervalishvili Guram , Stolle Claudia , Miloch Wojciech J. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe polar ionosphere is often characterized by irregularities and fluctuations in the plasma density. We present a statistical study of ionospheric plasma irregularities based on the observations from the European Space Agency's Swarm mission. The in situ electron density obtained with the Langmuir probe and the total electron content from the onboard global positioning system receiver are used to detect ionospheric plasma irregularities. We derive the irregularity parameters from the electron density in terms of the rate of change of density index and electron density gradients. We also use the rate of change of total electron content index as the irregularity parameter based on the global positioning system data. The background electron density and plasma irregularities are closely controlled by the Earth's magnetic field, with averaged enhancements close to the magnetic poles. The climatological maps in magnetic latitude/magnetic local time coordinates show predominant plasma irregularities near the dayside cusp, polar cap, and nightside auroral oval. These irregularities may be associated with large‐scale plasma structures such as polar cap patches, auroral blobs, auroral particle precipitation, and the equatorward wall of the ionospheric trough. The spatial distributions of irregularities depend on the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). By filtering the irregularity parameters according to IMF By, we find a clear asymmetry of the spatial distribution in the cusp and polar cap between the Northern (NH) and Southern Hemispheres (SH). For negative IMF By, irregularities are stronger in the dusk (dawn) sector in the NH (SH) and vice versa. This feature is in agreement with the high‐latitude ionospheric convection pattern that is regulated by the IMF By component. The plasma irregularities are also controlled by the solar activity within the current declining solar cycle. The irregularities in the SH polar cap show a seasonal variation with higher values from September to April, while the seasonal variation in the NH is only obvious around solar maximum during 2014–2015.
Calving Induced Speedup of Petermann Glacier
Authors: Rückamp Martin , Neckel Niklas , Berger Sophie , Humbert Angelika , Helm Veit 
Published: January 2019

This study assesses the response on ice dynamics of Petermann Glacier, a major outlet glacier in northern Greenland, to the 2012 and a possible future calving event. So far Petermann Glacier has been believed to be dynamically stable as another large calving event in 2010 had no significant impact on flow velocity or grounding line retreat. By analyzing a time series of remotely sensed surface velocities, we find an average acceleration of 10% between winter 2011/2012 and winter 2016/2017. This increase in surface velocity is not linear but can be separated into two parts, starting in 2012 and 2016 respectively. By conducting modeling experiments, we show that the first speedup can be directly connected to the 2012 calving event, while the second speedup is not captured. However, on recent remote sensing imagery newly developing fractures are clearly visible ∼12 km upstream from the terminus, propagating from the eastern fjord wall to the center of the ice tongue, indicating a possible future calving event. By including these fracture zones as a new terminus position in the modeling domain, we are able to reproduce the second speedup, suggesting that surface velocities remain on the 2016/2017 level after the anticipated calving event. This indicates that, from a dynamical point of view, the terminus region has already detached from the main ice tongue.
Spatiotemporal continuum generation in polariton waveguides
Authors: Walker Paul M. , Whittaker Charles E. , Skryabin Dmitry V. , Cancellieri Emiliano , Royall Ben , Sich Maksym , Farrer Ian , Ritchie David A. , Skolnick Maurice S. , Krizhanovskii Dmitry N. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractWe demonstrate the generation of a spatiotemporal optical continuum in a highly nonlinear exciton–polariton waveguide using extremely low excitation powers (2-ps, 100-W peak power pulses) and a submillimeter device suitable for integrated optics applications. We observe contributions from several mechanisms over a range of powers and demonstrate that the strong light–matter coupling significantly modifies the physics involved in all of them. The experimental data are well understood in combination with theoretical modeling. The results are applicable to a wide range of systems with linear coupling between nonlinear oscillators and particularly to emerging polariton devices that incorporate materials, such as gallium nitride and transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers that exhibit large light–matter coupling at room temperature. These open the door to low-power experimental studies of spatiotemporal nonlinear optics in submillimeter waveguide devices.
Predicting responses to platin chemotherapy agents with biochemically-inspired machine learning
Authors: Mucaki Eliseos J. , Zhao Jonathan Z. L. , Lizotte Daniel J. , Rogan Peter K. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe selection of effective genes that accurately predict chemotherapy responses might improve cancer outcomes. We compare optimized gene signatures for cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin responses in the same cell lines and validate each signature using data from patients with cancer. Supervised support vector machine learning is used to derive gene sets whose expression is related to the cell line GI50 values by backwards feature selection with cross-validation. Specific genes and functional pathways distinguishing sensitive from resistant cell lines are identified by contrasting signatures obtained at extreme and median GI50 thresholds. Ensembles of gene signatures at different thresholds are combined to reduce the dependence on specific GI50 values for predicting drug responses. The most accurate gene signatures for each platin are: cisplatin: BARD1, BCL2, BCL2L1, CDKN2C, FAAP24, FEN1, MAP3K1, MAPK13, MAPK3, NFKB1, NFKB2, SLC22A5, SLC31A2, TLR4, and TWIST1; carboplatin: AKT1, EIF3K, ERCC1, GNGT1, GSR, MTHFR, NEDD4L, NLRP1, NRAS, RAF1, SGK1, TIGD1, TP53, VEGFB, and VEGFC; and oxaliplatin: BRAF, FCGR2A, IGF1, MSH2, NAGK, NFE2L2, NQO1, PANK3, SLC47A1, SLCO1B1, and UGT1A1. Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) patients with bladder, ovarian, and colorectal cancer were used to test the cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin signatures, resulting in 71.0%, 60.2%, and 54.5% accuracies in predicting disease recurrence and 59%, 61%, and 72% accuracies in predicting remission, respectively. One cisplatin signature predicted 100% of recurrence in non-smoking patients with bladder cancer (57% disease-free; N = 19), and 79% recurrence in smokers (62% disease-free; N = 35). This approach should be adaptable to other studies of chemotherapy responses, regardless of the drug or cancer types.
Lithium intercalation into bilayer graphene
Authors: Ji Kemeng , Han Jiuhui , Hirata Akihiko , Fujita Takeshi , Shen Yuhao , Ning Shoucong , Liu Pan , Kashani Hamzeh , Tian Yuan , Ito Yoshikazu , Fujita Jun-ichi , Oyama Yutaka 
Published: January 2019

AbstractThe real capacity of graphene and the lithium-storage process in graphite are two currently perplexing problems in the field of lithium ion batteries. Here we demonstrate a three-dimensional bilayer graphene foam with few defects and a predominant Bernal stacking configuration, and systematically investigate its lithium-storage capacity, process, kinetics, and resistances. We clarify that lithium atoms can be stored only in the graphene interlayer and propose the first ever planar lithium-intercalation model for graphenic carbons. Corroborated by theoretical calculations, various physiochemical characterizations of the staged lithium bilayer graphene products further reveal the regular lithium-intercalation phenomena and thus fully illustrate this elementary lithium storage pattern of two-dimension. These findings not only make the commercial graphite the first electrode with clear lithium-storage process, but also guide the development of graphene materials in lithium ion batteries.
Interferon lambda protects the female reproductive tract against Zika virus infection
Authors: Caine Elizabeth A. , Scheaffer Suzanne M. , Arora Nitin , Zaitsev Konstantin , Artyomov Maxim N. , Coyne Carolyn B. , Moley Kelle H. , Diamond Michael S. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractAlthough Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted sexually and cause congenital birth defects, immune control mechanisms in the female reproductive tract (FRT) are not well characterized. Here we show that treatment of primary human vaginal and cervical epithelial cells with interferon (IFN)-α/β or IFN-λ induces host defense transcriptional signatures and inhibits ZIKV infection. We also assess the effects of IFNs on intravaginal infection of the FRT using ovariectomized mice treated with reproductive hormones. We find that mice receiving estradiol are protected against intravaginal ZIKV infection, independently of IFN-α/β or IFN-λ signaling. In contrast, mice lacking IFN-λ signaling sustain greater FRT infection when progesterone is administered. Exogenous IFN-λ treatment confers an antiviral effect when mice receive both estradiol and progesterone, but not progesterone alone. Our results identify a hormonal stage-dependent role for IFN-λ in controlling ZIKV infection in the FRT and suggest a path for minimizing sexual transmission of ZIKV in women.
Compound-specific radiocarbon dating and mitochondrial DNA analysis of the Pleistocene hominin from Salkhit Mongolia
Authors: Devièse Thibaut , Massilani Diyendo , Yi Seonbok , Comeskey Daniel , Nagel Sarah , Nickel Birgit , Ribechini Erika , Lee Jungeun , Tseveendorj Damdinsuren , Gunchinsuren Byambaa , Meyer Matthias , Pääbo Svante , Higham Tom 
Published: January 2019

AbstractA skullcap found in the Salkhit Valley in northeast Mongolia is, to our knowledge, the only Pleistocene hominin fossil found in the country. It was initially described as an individual with possible archaic affinities, but its ancestry has been debated since the discovery. Here, we determine the age of the Salkhit skull by compound-specific radiocarbon dating of hydroxyproline to 34,950–33,900 Cal. BP (at 95% probability), placing the Salkhit individual in the Early Upper Paleolithic period. We reconstruct the complete mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) of the specimen. It falls within a group of modern human mtDNAs (haplogroup N) that is widespread in Eurasia today. The results now place the specimen into its proper chronometric and biological context and allow us to begin integrating it with other evidence for the human occupation of this region during the Paleolithic, as well as wider Pleistocene sequences across Eurasia.
An automated Bayesian pipeline for rapid analysis of single-molecule binding data
Authors: Smith Carlas S. , Jouravleva Karina , Huisman Maximiliaan , Jolly Samson M. , Zamore Phillip D. , Grunwald David 
Published: January 2019

AbstractSingle-molecule binding assays enable the study of how molecular machines assemble and function. Current algorithms can identify and locate individual molecules, but require tedious manual validation of each spot. Moreover, no solution for high-throughput analysis of single-molecule binding data exists. Here, we describe an automated pipeline to analyze single-molecule data over a wide range of experimental conditions. In addition, our method enables state estimation on multivariate Gaussian signals. We validate our approach using simulated data, and benchmark the pipeline by measuring the binding properties of the well-studied, DNA-guided DNA endonuclease, TtAgo, an Argonaute protein from the EubacteriumThermus thermophilus. We also use the pipeline to extend our understanding of TtAgo by measuring the protein’s binding kinetics at physiological temperatures and for target DNAs containing multiple, adjacent binding sites.
Smallest near-infrared fluorescent protein evolved from cyanobacteriochrome as versatile tag for spectral multiplexing
Authors: Oliinyk Olena S. , Shemetov Anton A. , Pletnev Sergei , Shcherbakova Daria M. , Verkhusha Vladislav V. 
Published: January 2019

AbstractFrom a single domain of cyanobacteriochrome (CBCR) we developed a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent protein (FP), termed miRFP670nano, with excitation at 645 nm and emission at 670 nm. This is the first CBCR-derived NIR FP evolved to efficiently bind endogenous biliverdin chromophore and brightly fluoresce in mammalian cells. miRFP670nano is a monomer with molecular weight of 17 kDa that is 2-fold smaller than bacterial phytochrome (BphP)-based NIR FPs and 1.6-fold smaller than GFP-like FPs. Crystal structure of the CBCR-based NIR FP with biliverdin reveals a molecular basis of its spectral and biochemical properties. Unlike BphP-derived NIR FPs, miRFP670nano is highly stable to denaturation and degradation and can be used as an internal protein tag. miRFP670nano is an effective FRET donor for red-shifted NIR FPs, enabling engineering NIR FRET biosensors spectrally compatible with GFP-like FPs and blue–green optogenetic tools. miRFP670nano unlocks a new source of diverse CBCR templates for NIR FPs.