bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dexmedetomidine as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Fiore Marco , Torretta Giacomo , Passavanti Maria Beatrice , Sansone Pasquale , Pace Maria Caterina , Alfieri Aniello , Aurilio Caterina , Simeon Vittorio , Chiodini Paolo , Pota Vincenzo 
Published: June 2019

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The purpose of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine as adjunctive therapy to the standard of care (benzodiazepines) compared to either the standard of care or other adjunctive treatment approaches (e.g. benzodiazepines plus propofol) for the treatment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS).

Introduction:
Benzodiazepines have been the cornerstone of AWS therapy, but in some patients, AWS is refractory to high doses. Moreover, benzodiazepine use is burdened by excessive sedation, confusion and respiratory depression. Options for management of refractory AWS include the addition of phenobarbital, propofol and, more recently, dexmedetomidine to benzodiazepines therapy. The possible advantage of dexmedetomidine compared to benzodiazepines is that it does not cause respiratory depression, thus reducing the risk of intubation and hospitalization in the intensive care unit.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider studies including patients who are 18 years or older and are diagnosed with AWS. The exclusion criteria are a history of psychoactive substances or withdrawal states and/or severe neurologic disorder (e.g. traumatic brain injury, acute stroke, severe dementia, seizure disorder).

Methods:
This review will include only studies published in English, with no restrictions on the year of publication. Both randomized controlled trials and observational studies (including cohort and case-control studies) assessing the drug effectiveness and safety will be included. The databases utilized will include: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In addition, the trial registers to be searched will include: World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP), U.S. National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42018084370
Analysis of the symptom response to esomeprazole 20 mg over days 1–4 of a 14-day course of treatment for frequent heartburn: results of two randomised controlled trials
Authors: Peura David , Le Moigne Anne , Wassel Heather , Pollack Charles 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundDrug exposure and corresponding antisecretory effects increase over the first 4–5 days of esomeprazole treatment. To date, this effect has not been correlated with symptomatic improvement. Therefore, the efficacy of esomeprazole was evaluated on days 1–4 and 5–14 using pooled data from two identical randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted in subjects with frequent heartburn who are likely to self-treat with over-the-counter medications.MethodsAdults without confirmed diagnoses of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease experiencing heartburn 2 or more days per week in the past 4 weeks were randomly assigned to treatment with esomeprazole 20 mg or placebo once daily for 14 days following a 1-week placebo run-in period (esomeprazole: n=330; placebo: n=321). Heartburn episodes were documented in daily diaries. The current analyses evaluated the change in baseline percentage of heartburn-free days across days 1–4 and 5–14.ResultsChange in the percentage of heartburn-free days from the run-in was significantly greater with esomeprazole compared with placebo (p<0.001) starting on days 1–4. The greatest treatment benefit was observed during days 5–14. During this period, esomeprazole-treated subjects increased their heartburn-free time over the run-in period by 32.5% compared with 14.3% with placebo (p<0.001).ConclusionsFrequent heartburn sufferers treated with esomeprazole 20 mg had significantly more heartburn-free days relative to placebo throughout the studies. Maximal clinical benefits coincided with the estimated timing of maximal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects and duration of acid control on days 5–14.Trial registration numberNCT01370525;NCT01370538
The Role of transanal (Ta) dissection in the management of difficult primary and recurrent rectal cancer
Authors: Courval Valérie , Drolet Sébastien , Bouchard Alexandre , Bouchard Philippe 
Published: June 2019

BackgroundThe objective of this study was to review the postoperative and short-term oncological outcomes of our first cohort of patients having had a transanal (Ta) approach for primary or recurrent rectal cancer.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on all cases of Ta dissection occurring between 2013 and 2016. We reviewed data concerning case selection, tumour characteristics, perioperative and postoperative data and final pathology.ResultsA total of 24 males were operated for primary (92% (22/24)) or recurrent rectal cancer (8.3% (2/24)). Four patients (16.7% (4/24)) had a history of previous rectal surgery and two had a history of previous Ta total mesorectal excision (TME). A majority of patients were obese, with 58.3% (14/24) having a body mass index >30. The laparoscopic approach was used in the majority of cases (95.8% (23/24)). Most patients had a low anterior resection (95.8% (23/24)). Sixteen patients received a temporary ileostomy (66.7% (16/24)). Three patients suffered perioperative complications (including colonic ischaemia, rectal perforation and arterial bleeding). Five patients (21.7% (5/23)) had an anastomotic leak treated with Ta drainage in two patients. Final pathology revealed negative margins in 95.8% (23/24). TME was considered complete in 87.5% (21/24) overall and in 95% (21/22) when considering only primary cancer cases.ConclusionAccording to our cohort of selected difficult cases, Ta dissection approach helped achieve complete mesorectal excision in complex primary rectal cancer but also allowed for rectal resection in patients with previous rectal surgery. This technique also helped perform a primary anastomosis in these difficult cases.
Impact of moral injury on the lives of UK military veterans: a pilot study
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Greenberg N , Murphy D 
Published: June 2019

IntroductionResearch suggests that moral injury (MI) in US veterans is associated with poor psychological outcomes and disruption in functioning. However, little is known about how MI may impact UK Armed Forces (AF) veterans. This study aimed to explore the impact of MI on veteran psychological well-being and functioning.MethodsSix veterans identified as having had exposure to MI and four clinicians who treated veterans with MI were recruited from a UK charitable organisation which provides psychological care for veterans. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsMI was perceived to cause substantial psychological distress in this sample. Our data suggest that some veterans held extremely negative self-appraisals which appeared to contribute towards and maintain their distress. Issues relating to spirituality following MI were thought to be infrequent; however, a loss of faith was perceived by clinicians to be more common in morally injured veterans than heightened spiritual/religious views. Several difficulties relating to employment were described, including increased trouble coping with occupational stress and authority figures. Interpersonal difficulties were frequently reported, with withdrawal from others often leading to relationship breakdown with spouses and children.ConclusionThis study provides some of the first evidence of the impact of MI on UK AF veterans’ psychological, spiritual, social and day-to-day functioning all of which would pose challenges to clinicians aiming to manage such difficulties. These findings highlight several gaps in existing care provision for morally injured veterans, including addressing issues related to spirituality, employment and family functioning, which could ultimately improve veteran well-being.
Reciprocal velocity-porosity general linear form provides consistent and systematic industry-wide applications
Authors: Ikwuakor Killian 
Published: June 2019

Velocity is an important rock property that is required and used in different applications in petrophysics, rock physics, and seismic. The published literature shows a plethora of equations and models that relate velocity and porosity, a critical reservoir property. Attempts to account for the presence of shale in the formation invariably lead to more complicated relations. The inability of the industry to streamline these relations handicaps advancements in rock physics and formation evaluation, complicates the application of best practices in time-lapse seismic and fluid substitutions, and jeopardizes the integration of petrophysical, geologic, and seismic characteristics of oil and gas reservoirs. I have considered the following criteria to grade some of the different velocity-porosity relations in use today: (1) the significance of effective stress, (2) usefulness for interpreting geology, (3) predictive capability, and (4) universal applicability. Judging by these criteria, the general linear form, first prescribed by the late George R. Pickett, is the clear winner. The general linear form is a linear relationship between the reciprocal velocity and porosity. It passes theoretical and empirical justification. It is also valid for P- and S-wave velocities, yields easily to mathematical manipulation, and satisfies carbonate as well as clastic rocks for porosities encountered in everyday subsurface investigations. I evaluate practical examples in which the general linear form is the basis for multiple rock-typing criteria, comparative formation evaluation, and interpretive use of the [Formula: see text] ratio. Appropriate integration of the general linear form with other rock property relations provides avenues to redefine the [Formula: see text] ratio and acoustic impedance, and it expands the understanding and applications of reservoir elastic properties, as well as it constrains and streamlines rock physics models and applications.
A class of analytic pairs of conjugate functions in dimension three
Authors: Baird Paul , Ghandour Elsa 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
We exploit an ansatz in order to construct power series expansions for pairs of conjugate functions defined on domains of Euclidean 3-space. Convergence properties of the resulting series are investigated. Entire solutions which are not harmonic are found as well as a 2-parameter family of examples which contains the Hopf map.
Higgs bundles and fundamental group schemes
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Bruzzo Ugo , Gurjar Sudarshan 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Relying on a notion of “numerical effectiveness” for Higgs bundles, we show that the category of “numerically flat” Higgs vector bundles on a smooth projective variety X is a Tannakian category. We introduce the associated group scheme, that we call the “Higgs fundamental group scheme of X,” and show that its properties are related to a conjecture about the vanishing of the Chern classes of numerically flat Higgs vector bundles.
The growth of the first non-Euclidean filling volume function of the quaternionic Heisenberg group
Authors: Gruber Moritz 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The filling volume functions of the n-th quaternionic Heisenberg group grow, up to dimension n, as fast as the ones of the Euclidean space. We identify the growth rate of the filling volume function in dimension n + 1, which is strictly faster than the growth rate of the (n + 1)-dimensional filling volume function of the Euclidean space.
Increasing the attractiveness of the Zádielska dolina (“Zadiel Gorge“) in the area of modern climbing as a tourism development support tool
Authors: Selepová Jana 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The Zádielska dolina (“Zadiel Gorge“) belongs to the most beautiful and from a natural science perspective to the most interesting landscape formations of the Slovak Karst. The area represents the National Nature Reserve in the National Park and is part the European Network of Protected Areas NATURA 2000. The site is characterized by climbing activity. This article provides suggestions of attractiveness in the field of climbing that respect the development of tourism in accordance with nature and landscape conservation. The basis for the proposals were theoretical knowledge, thorough analysis of the area and own experience with the issue. Recommendations from other climbing places and identification of problems between climbing and nature, have been key for us in making appropriate proposals. The increasing interest in adventure tourism, including climbing, means a global trend in tourism and therefore it is necessary to pay close attention to this issue.
Revitalised geotourism mining heritage potentials in the Posavje Folds
Authors: Golež Mateja 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The territory of the Posavje Folds offers many geotourism potentials reflecting in particular in rich mining heritage. For a long time, local communities have considered them mainly in the context of local problems, but nowadays we may see individual examples of successful revitalization of cave chambers and mining structures. All that has given rise to fantastic stories about the mining wealth of the underground world and the mining heritage interpreted with modern approaches and new findings. In addition to managers and heritage owners, the revitalization process also includes scientists, artists, architects and educators who, each in their own way, contribute to a holistic perspective of the values of the past in light of contemporary understanding of this type of heritage. As a result, the territory has witnessed the revitalization of the medieval lead and silver mine Padež pri Laškem, the former Laško coal mine machine room, which was transformed into the Strojnica Gallery, and the polymineral mine Sitarjevec within the last five years. All mentioned examples are cases of abandoned mining activities with long-lasting mining tradition, which left an imprint in the area in terms of the diverse social structure of the population and in terms of town development, which also allows us to evaluate from a distance the contribution to the construction of the railway between Vienna and Trieste, which put these towns on the European map of centres of industrial significance in the mid-19th century. Trains that still connect the Austrian capital with the Adriatic coast may in future, in light of sustainable green tourism, attract curious guests to stop and linger a while, which is the ultimate goal of the attempts of local communities to revitalise mining heritage. Meanwhile, the goals set can only be realised with the help of new and attractive tourist products that reflect own creativity related with tradition ranging from design ideas, music events, art installations, popular science evenings; in short, with contents that are suited to visitors of all ages.
Residual stress affecting environmental damage in 7075-T651 alloy
Authors: Vasudevan A.K. , Sadananda K. , Pao P.S. 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The role of tensile overload superimposed on a constant amplitude cycling results in compressive residual stresses at the crack tip that cause crack growth retardation. The degree to which this effect manifests depends on whether the tests are done at a constant driving force (Kmax) or at a constant crack growth rate (da/dN). It is observed that depending on the magnitude of the overload at a given applied base stress intensity, these residual stresses can have significant effect on the crack growth in both the inert (vacuum) and the chemical (NaCl) environments. In general, cracks will grow only if the total crack tip driving force Ktotal exceeds the long crack intrinsic threshold

K*

max,th

.

${\rm{K*}}_{{\rm{max,th}}}^{}.$

The crack growth retardation results can be attributed to the combined effects of the crack tip chemical reaction rates and the overload compressive residual stresses.
Reviving surgery with the smile, excitement, and Gemeinschaft concept: attempt at the Department of Surgery, Jikei University
Authors: Ohki Takao 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBetween 1994 and 2004, the number of surgeons in Japan declined by 18%, whereas the total number of medical doctors increased by 30% during the same period. This was due to the fact that the younger generation avoided tough working environments with long working hours. We attempted to revive surgery by reintroducing the good old Japanese community as the model under the slogan of “intimate community with excitement and sense of secureness”. In the absence of financial incentives, we were able to recruit young staff, and the number of surgeons at Jikei University has increased by 28% over the last 12 years and currently we have 280 surgeons. Our experience showed that although the younger generation is conscious about quality of life and financial success, they also value excitement, friendship, and happiness, something we were able to provide without financial spending. However, our success may be an exception and cannot be generalized; therefore, we should continue to strive to improve the surgeon’s quality of life by creating a better working environment, including sustainable work hours and decent financial incentives.
Dual weighted residual error estimation for the finite cell method
Authors: Stolfo Paolo Di , Rademacher Andreas , Schröder Andreas 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The paper presents a goal-oriented error control based on the dual weighted residual method (DWR) for the finite cell method (FCM), which is characterized by an enclosing domain covering the domain of the problem. The error identity derived by the DWR method allows for a combined treatment of the discretization and quadrature error introduced by the FCM. We present an adaptive strategy with the aim to balance these two error contributions. Its performance is demonstrated for several two-dimensional examples.
Arterial stiffness in children and adolescents with and without continuous insulin infusion
Authors: Castro-Correia Cíntia , Moura Cláudia , Mota Cláudia , Santos-Silva Rita , Areias J. Carlos , Calhau Conceição , Fontoura Manuel 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Background
Arterial stiffness is a consequence of aging, but there are several diseases that contribute to this process. The evaluation of pulse wave velocity (PWV) allows a dynamic evaluation of vascular distensibility and the detection of atherosclerosis at an early stage. It was intended to evaluate the PWV in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to compare their outcome according to the type of treatment used.

Methods
Forty-eight patients were randomly selected. Inclusion criteria: T1DM, under intensive insulin therapy (multiple daily insulin administrations [MDI] or continuous insulin infusion system [CIIS]). Exclusion criteria: existence of another chronic pathology or microvascular complications. Echocardiography was performed and three measurements of PWV were done, with their mean calculated.

Results
Most of the children and adolescents presented a PWV ≥ the 75th centile. There was a statistically significant difference for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (7.8 in CIIS vs. 9 in MDI, p < 0.05). There were not statistically significant differences in the PWV between the two groups. This can be attributed to the fact that children with CIIS are those who previously presented greater glycemic instability. There was a significant correlation between PWV and disease duration (Pearson’s correlation coefficient [r] = 0.314, p = 0.036).

Conclusions
This study showed that in children and adolescents with T1DM, there is an important prevalence of arterial stiffness, translated by an increase in PWV. This increase in PWV appears to exist even in very young children with little disease evolution time.
Democratization of Foreign Policy: India’s Experience with Paradiplomacy
Authors: Natarajan Aishwarya 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
Since the economic reforms of the 1990s, Indian states have largely contributed to India’s foreign policy decision-making in two critical areas, namely, economic diplomacy and influencing India’s foreign policy with its neighbours. Given India’s growing importance in the world arena, one would assume that Indian states will continue to have an increased role in its foreign policy decisions. However, the Indian Constitution was framed with the idea of a strong union government and the power to drive foreign policy initiatives continues to remain under the exclusive purview of the union government. There is no institutional framework that facilitates the involvement of the Indian states’ in foreign policy decision-making. States’ involvement is usually on an ad hoc basis and often pushed through by strong state level leaders or by the coalition compulsions. The article examines the Indian paradiplomacy experience to note that paradiplomacy has the potential to democratize foreign policy decision-making only if it is supported by a strong institutional framework. A fragmented practice of paradiplomacy to suit immediate political needs neither promotes democratization of foreign policy nor does it allows for a meaningful engagement of Indian states in the global governance debate.
Accounting for forgetfulness in dementia interaction
Authors: Svennevig Jan , Landmark Anne Marie Dalby 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The article identifies and describes conversational practices used by persons with dementia and their interlocutors to account for the former’s lack of knowledge in cases where information about their personal experiences is made relevant and expectable at a specific point in a conversation. First, they may seek to normalize the lack of knowledge by claiming that it would be difficult for anyone to know or remember the information in question. Second, they may exceptionalize it by claiming that their cognitive or communicative impairment incidentally and temporarily disables them from accessing the information. Finally, they may justify their failure to provide information by claiming that it is not important, relevant or expectable that they should know. Such accounts dissociate the social character from the forgetfulness and thus constitute an attempt to avoid the loss of face associated with not remembering personal experiences. By specifying these conversational accounting practices, the study thus adds to existing knowledge on how participants handle the social sensitivity of typical dementia symptoms.
No time to care? Interactional hurriedness in a Japanese nursing home
Authors: Backhaus Peter 
Published: June 2019

Abstract
The research presented in this paper is based on audio-recordings from a Japanese care facility. I focus on interactional tempo differences between residents and staff. The analysis concentrates on two interrelated phenomena that can be taken as indications of hurriedness on the part of the care workers: overlaps and turn repetitions. Presenting examples for each of the two, I also show that the staff’s hurried performance does not necessarily result in a quicker completion of the care tasks. I go on to reflect on the staff’s likely reasons for doing “being in a hurry,” arguing that apart from real time pressures, the mere display of hurriedness can become an end in itself.