bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Travelling salesman problem concerning to manipulator Kawasaki FS03N trajectory formation
Authors: Kulakov B , Kulakov D 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
An idea of travelling salesman problem (TSP) application to an optimal manipulator path finding was implemented. A set of known poses robot should pass is given. The poses sequence may vary. A traveling time is a performance criteria to be minimized. This task was realized concerning to a special case of Kawasaki FS03N manipulator movement by dynamic programming method. A special Bellman function state notation was used that in some cases gives an ability to solve the task at industrial robot controller. The state notation rule is one-one mapping rule between TSP state and array index it is stored.
Descriptive study of homeless patients’ perceptions that affect medication adherence
Authors: Richler Matthew J , Yousaf Sara , Hwang Stephen W , Dewhurst Norman F 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Purpose
Results of a study to elucidate perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs about prescribed medications held by hospitalized patients who are homeless are reported.

Methods
A qualitative descriptive study involving semistructured interviews was conducted to gather information and characterize hospitalized homeless patients’ views and attitudes regarding medication use, with a focus on medication nonadherence. Medication nonadherence has been shown to be a factor contributing to higher rates of emergency department visits, increased hospital lengths of stay, and increased healthcare costs in homeless populations. Interviews were conducted during patients’ admissions to the internal medicine service of a tertiary care, inner-city hospital. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Data were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis to generate data-driven codes and themes.

Results
Twelve interviews were conducted (median patient age, 48.5 years). Eight patients (66.7%) were living in a shelter, and 11 (91.7%) had a mental illness. Patients were prescribed a median of 4 medications at the time of hospital admission. Four themes were identified: (1) a new appreciation of medications was acquired during hospitalization, (2) medications were perceived as necessary for maintaining health, (3) there was an interest in receiving medication education, and (4) concerns were expressed regarding medication adverse effects.

Conclusion
In interviews conducted during hospital admission, homeless patients expressed positive perceptions about the necessity of their medications but also concerns about medication adverse effects. Interventions to improve adherence may be successful if directed toward addressing treatment-related concerns.
Accurate position exchange of stamen and stigma by movement in opposite direction resolves the herkogamy dilemma in a protandrous plant, Ajuga decumbens (Labiatae)
Authors: Ye Zhong-Ming , Jin Xiao-Fang , Yang Jian , Wang Qing-Feng , Yang Chun-Feng 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Herkogamy is an effective way to reduce sexual interference. However, the separation of stigma and anther potentially leads to a conflict because the pollen may be placed in a location on the pollinator different from the point of stigma contact, which can reduce pollination accuracy. Floral mechanisms aiming to resolve this conflict have seldom been explored. The floral biology of protandrous Ajuga decumbens was studied to uncover how the herkogamy dilemma can be resolved. Flower anthesis was divided into male, middle, female and wilting phases. The positions of stigma and stamen were dissimilar in different flower development stages. We measured the distance of the stamen and stigma to the lower corolla lip at different floral phases, which was the pollinators’ approaching way. The pollen viability, stigma receptivity, pollen removal and pollen deposition on stigma were investigated at different phases. During the male phase, the dehisced anthers were lower than the stigma, located at the pollinators’ approaching way, and dispersed most pollen with high viability. As the flower developed, the anthers moved upwards, making way for pollen deposition during the female phase. Meanwhile, the stigma becomes receptive by moving into the way and consequently was deposited with sufficient pollen. The position exchange of the stamen and stigma created a dynamic herkogamy at the floral phase with different sexual functions. This floral mechanism effectively avoided sexual interference and maintained pollination accuracy. In Ajuga, the movement herkogamy might be of adaptive significance in response to the changes in the pollination environment.
The defensive benefit and flower number cost of selenium accumulation in Brassica juncea
Authors: Steven Janet C , Culver Alexander 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Some plant species accumulate selenium in their tissues in quantities far above soil concentrations, and experiments demonstrate that selenium can serve as a defence against herbivores and pathogens. However, selenium may also cause oxidative stress and reduce growth in plants. We measured growth, selenium accumulation and herbivory in four varieties of the selenium accumulator Brassica juncea to investigate the cost of accumulation as well as its benefit in reducing herbivory. We measured selenium levels, plant size and flower number in four varieties of B. juncea watered with sodium selenate or treated as controls. We also conducted no-choice herbivory trials on leaves from both treatments with the specialist herbivore Pieris rapae. The selenate treatment slightly increased leaf number over the control, but tissue concentrations of selenium and flower number were negatively correlated in some varieties. In herbivory trials, leaves from the plants in the selenate treatment lost less leaf tissue, and the majority of larvae given leaves from selenate-treated plants ate very little leaf tissue at all. In the variety with the highest selenium accumulation, leaves from selenate-treated plants that showed reduced flower production also experienced less herbivory in feeding trials. The protective advantage of greater selenium accumulation may be offset by negative effects on reproduction, and the relatively low level of selenium accumulation in this species as compared to more extreme hyperaccumulators could reflect the minimum level necessary to enhance protection from herbivory.
Clinical Utility of Two- and Three-Dimensional Visuoconstructional Tasks in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Early Alzheimer's Disease.
Authors: Martins-Rodrigues Rafaela , da Fonsêca Égina Karoline Gonçalves , Lucena-Alves Silvia Sanaly , Contador Israel , Trojano Luigi , Grossi Dario , Fernández-Calvo Bernardino 
Published: August 2019

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate whether different types of visuoconstructional abilities are useful to distinguish individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from healthy controls (HCs).

Method
We selected 20 patients with MCI and 14 with AD diagnosis based on standard criteria. The neuropsychological performance of MCI and AD groups were compared with that of a group of 11 HCs using a standard neuropsychological battery and visuoconstructional tasks that differed difficulty and type of implicated skills (graphomotor vs. non-graphomotor): two-dimensional (Clock Drawing Test, CDT; Block Design, BD; and Visual Puzzles, VP) and three-dimensional Block Construction (TBC).

Results
AD group scored significantly lower than HCs in BD, VP and TBC tasks, but no significant differences were found between HCs and MCI. CDT (copy condition) scores did not differ significantly among the groups. The receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that BD [sensitivity (se) = .85, specificity (sp) = .90, Youden index (J) = .76], VP (se = .78 and sp = .72, J = .51) and TBC (se = .71, sp = 100, J = .71) were accurate tasks to discriminate between AD and HCs. Moreover, BD tasks (se = .85, sp = .70, J = .55) and TBC (se = .71, sp = .80, J = .51) showed fair accuracy to differentiate between MCI and AD groups.

Conclusions
These findings indicate that non-graphomotor visuoconstructional tasks are already impaired in the early stages of AD, but are preserved in MCI individuals when compared with HCs.
Copula-based semiparametric regression method for bivariate data under general interval censoring
Authors: Sun Tao , Ding Ying 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThis research is motivated by discovering and underpinning genetic causes for the progression of a bilateral eye disease, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), of which the primary outcomes, progression times to late-AMD, are bivariate and interval-censored due to intermittent assessment times. We propose a novel class of copula-based semiparametric transformation models for bivariate data under general interval censoring, which includes the case 1 interval censoring (current status data) and case 2 interval censoring. Specifically, the joint likelihood is modeled through a two-parameter Archimedean copula, which can flexibly characterize the dependence between the two margins in both tails. The marginal distributions are modeled through semiparametric transformation models using sieves, with the proportional hazards or odds model being a special case. We develop a computationally efficient sieve maximum likelihood estimation procedure for the unknown parameters, together with a generalized score test for the regression parameter(s). For the proposed sieve estimators of finite-dimensional parameters, we establish their asymptotic normality and efficiency. Extensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in finite samples. Finally, we apply our method to a genome-wide analysis of AMD progression using the Age-Related Eye Disease Study data, to successfully identify novel risk variants associated with the disease progression. We also produce predicted joint and conditional progression-free probabilities, for patients with different genetic characteristics.
Better-than-chance classification for signal detection
Authors: Rosenblatt Jonathan D , Benjamini Yuval , Gilron Roee , Mukamel Roy , Goeman Jelle J 
Published: August 2019

SummaryThe estimated accuracy of a classifier is a random quantity with variability. A common practice in supervised machine learning, is thus to test if the estimated accuracy is significantly better than chance level. This method of signal detection is particularly popular in neuroimaging and genetics. We provide evidence that using a classifier’s accuracy as a test statistic can be an underpowered strategy for finding differences between populations, compared to a bona fide statistical test. It is also computationally more demanding than a statistical test. Via simulation, we compare test statistics that are based on classification accuracy, to others based on multivariate test statistics. We find that the probability of detecting differences between two distributions is lower for accuracy-based statistics. We examine several candidate causes for the low power of accuracy-tests. These causes include: the discrete nature of the accuracy-test statistic, the type of signal accuracy-tests are designed to detect, their inefficient use of the data, and their suboptimal regularization. When the purpose of the analysis is the evaluation of a particular classifier, not signal detection, we suggest several improvements to increase power. In particular, to replace V-fold cross-validation with the Leave-One-Out Bootstrap.
Punitiveness Beyond Criminal Justice: Punishable and Punitive Subjects in an Era of Prevention, Anti-Migration and Austerity
Authors: Carvalho Henrique , Chamberlen Anastasia , Lewis Rachel 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThis article advances a holistic conceptualization of punitiveness that acknowledges its complexity and contemporary social and political pervasiveness. We argue that punitiveness is best understood as a phenomenological complex operating at a personal, symbolic, political and structural level, which borrows from, but extrapolates the confines of criminal justice institutions. The article examines limitations in articulations of punitiveness in criminological scholarship, and then draws on three contemporary case studies to investigate how the political deployment of anxieties and hostilities around the ‘crises’ of prevention, anti-migration and austerity reveal and reproduce punitive logics. It then outlines an original conceptual framework to argue that punitiveness ultimately revolves around the construction of, and dynamics between, punitive and punishable subjects.
Advances in the treatment of cytomegalovirus
Authors: Krishna B A , Wills M R , Sinclair J H 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackgroundHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a threat to immunologically weak patients. HCMV cannot yet be eliminated with a vaccine, despite recent advances.Sources of dataSources of data are recently published research papers and reviews about HCMV treatments.Areas of agreementCurrent antivirals target the UL54 DNA polymerase and are limited by nephrotoxicity and viral resistance. Promisingly, letermovir targets the HCMV terminase complex and has been recently approved by the FDA and EMA.Areas of controversyShould we screen newborns for HCMV, and use antivirals to treat sensorineural hearing loss after congenital HCMV infection?Growing pointsGrowing points are developing drugs against latently infected cells. In addition to small molecule inhibitors, a chemokine-based fusion toxin protein, F49A-FTP, has shown promise in killing both lytically and latently infected cells.Areas timely for developing researchWe need to understand what immune responses are required to control HCMV, and how best to raise these immune responses with a vaccine.
Tracy–Singh Product and Genetic Whale Optimization Algorithm for Retrievable Data Perturbation for Privacy Preserved Data Publishing in Cloud Computing
Authors: Revathi S Thanga , Ramaraj N , Chithra S 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This paper proposes a retrievable data perturbation model for overcoming the challenges in cloud computing. Initially, genetic whale optimization algorithm (genetic WOA) is developed by integrating genetic algorithm (GA) and WOA for generating the optimized secret key. Then, the input data and the optimized secret key are given to the Tracy–Singh product-based model for transforming the original database into perturbed database. Finally, the perturbed database can be retrieved by the client, if and only if the client knows the secret key. The performance of the proposed model is analyzed using three databases, namely, chess, T10I4D100K and retail databases from the FIMI data set based on the performance metrics, privacy and utility. Also, the proposed model is compared with the existing methods, such as Retrievable General Additive Data Perturbation, GA and WOA, for the key values 128 and 256. For the key value 128, the proposed model has the better privacy and utility of 0.18 and 0.83 while using the chess database. For the key value 256, the proposed model has the better privacy and utility of 0.18 and 0.85, using retail database. From the analysis, it can be shown that the proposed model has better privacy and utility values than the existing models.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Model For Drought Prediction and Forecasting
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Sood Sandeep K 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Drought is considered as one of the most extremely destructive natural disasters with catastrophic impact on hydrological balance, agriculture outcome, wildlife habitat and financial budget. Therefore, there is a need for an efficient system to predict and forecast drought situations. There are a number of drought indices to assess the severity of droughts considering different causing factors. Most of them does not take important factors into consideration. Internet of Things (IoT) has demonstrated phenomenal growth and has successfully worked in monitoring environmental conditions. This paper proposes an IoT-enabled fog-based framework for the prediction and forecasting of droughts. At the fog layer, the dimensions of the data are decreased using singular vector decomposition. Artificial neural network with genetic algorithm classifier is used to assess drought severity category to the given event and Holt-Winters method is used to predict the future drought conditions. The proposed system is implemented using datasets from government agencies and it proves its effectiveness in assessing drought severity level.
Diet and nutritional status during early adult life have immediate and persistent effects on queen bumble bees
Authors: Woodard S Hollis , Duennes Michelle A , Watrous Kristal M , Jha Shalene 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
Many insects sequester nutrients during developmentally programmed periods, which they metabolize during subsequent life history stages. During these periods, failure to store adequate nutrients can have persistent effects on fitness. Here, we examined a critical but under-studied nutrient storage period in queen bumble bees: the first days of adult life, which are followed by a diapause period typically coinciding with winter. We experimentally manipulated availability of pollen (the primary dietary source of lipids and protein) and the sugar concentration of artificial nectar (the primary source of carbohydrates) for laboratory-reared queens during this period and examined three nutritional phenomena: (i) diet impacts on nutritional status, (ii) the timescale upon which nutrient sequestration occurs and (iii) the fitness consequences of nutrient sequestration, specifically related to survival across the life cycle. We found evidence that pollen and nectar starvation negatively impact lipid storage, whereas nectar sugar concentration impacts stored carbohydrates. The majority of nutrients were stored during the first ~ 3 days of adult life. Nutrients derived from pollen during this period appear to be more critical for surviving earlier life stages, whereas nutrients sequestered from nectar become more important for surviving the diapause and post-diapause periods. Negative impacts of a poor diet during early life persisted in our experiment, even when pollen and a relatively high (50%) nectar sugar concentration were provided post-diapause. Based on these findings, we posit that the nutritional environment during the early adult life of queens has both immediate and persistent impacts on fitness. These findings underscore the importance of examining effects of stage-specific nutritional limitations on physiology and life history traits in this social insect group. Moreover, the findings may shed light on how declining food resources are contributing to the decline of wild bumble bee populations.
Long-Term Bowel Function and Fate of the Ileal Pouch After Restorative Proctocolectomy in Patients With Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Metaregression
Authors: Pellino Gianluca , Vinci Danilo , Signoriello Giuseppe , Kontovounisios Christos , Canonico Silvestro , Selvaggi Francesco , Sciaudone Guido 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsDebate exists on whether ileal pouch anal anastomosis [IPAA] can be safely offered to patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease [CD]. Our aim was to assess the outcome of IPAA for CD vs ulcerative colitis [UC].MethodsWe used a PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant meta-analysis. Studies published between 1993 and 2018 were retrieved. Primary end points included complications. Secondary endpoints included functional outcome. The time of CD diagnosis was considered [intentional vs incidental IPAA].ResultsEleven studies comprising 6770 patients [CD = 352, UC = 6418] were included, with 44–120 months of follow-up. Pouch fistulae were more common in CD (CD vs UC; odds ratio (OR) 6.08; p = 0.0003, GRADE+++), as were strictures [OR 1.82; p = 0.02, GRADE+++] and failure [OR 5.27; p &lt; 0.0001, GRADE++++]. Compared with UC, postoperative CD diagnosis was associated with a much higher risk of fistulae [OR 6.23; p = 0.006, GRADE+++] and failure [OR 8.53; p &lt; 0.0001, GRADE++++] than intentional IPAA in CD [fistula: OR 4.17; p = 0.04, GRADE+++; failure: OR 2.48; p = 0.009, GRADE++++]. Age at surgery was positively associated with failure in CD [p = 0.007]. Obstruction was more common after intentional IPAA for CD. The risk of pouchitis did not differ between CD and UC [OR 1.07, p = 0.76, GRADE+++]. CD patients were at a higher risk of seepage [OR 2.27; p = 0.010, GRADE++].ConclusionsPatients with CD have 5-fold higher risk of failure, and a 2-fold risk of strictures after IPAA compared with UC. The risk is much higher if diagnosis is performed after IPAA. Function in those who retain the pouch seemed similar to that of patients with UC. CD does not increase the risk of pouchitis. IPAA could be offered to a selected population of CD patients after proper preoperative counselling.[PROSPERO registry 116811]
3D Facial morphology in children affected by spinal muscular atrophy type 2 (SMAII)
Authors: Pucciarelli Valentina , Gibelli Daniele , Mastella Chiara , Bertoli Simona , Alberti Katia , De Amicis Ramona , Codari Marina , Dolci Claudia , Battezzati Alberto , Baranello Giovanni , Sforza Chiarella 
Published: August 2019

SummaryObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to assess the three-dimensional facial characteristics of children affected by spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a severe muscular disorder characterized by hypotonia, areflexia, weakness, and respiratory impairment.Materials/MethodsStereophotogrammetric facial scans from 22 SMA type II patients aged 2–7 years were obtained. Data were analysed using both inter-landmark distances and principal component analysis and compared with data collected from matched control subjects.ResultsPatients had wider transverse facial diameters, but smaller biocular width. Middle and lower anterior face heights were increased, whereas the mandibular ramus was shorter, with a reduced posterior-to-anterior face height ratio. Facial width-to-length ratio was reduced. In the sagittal plane, mandibular body length, and facial divergence were increased, whereas the gonial angles were decreased. In the horizontal plane, lower facial convexity was greater in patients, whereas mandibular convexity was smaller. Patients had smaller and down-slanted eye fissures, with a larger and more vertically developed nose.LimitationsThis study assessed a relatively small number of patients, due to the rare frequency of SMA type II.Conclusions/ImplicationsSMA type II children possess peculiar facial alterations that may be due to the altered muscular activity. As feeding problems may derive also by malocclusion and masticatory muscular alterations, a detailed assessment of the craniofacial individual alterations should be considered in the standards of care of these patients.