bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Enzymatic Activity of the Antihemophilic Factor (Factor VIII)
Authors: van Creveld S , Mochtar I. A , Pascha C. N 
Published: June 2018

SummaryPreparations of normal human antihemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) obtained by continuous free electrophoresis in the “Elphor” apparatus, were investigated for enzymatic activity on various substrates. A number of enzymatic activities could be excluded by screening tests, performed with fraction I of Cohn. In some preparations esterase-activity was demonstrable on the substrates benzoyl-arginyl-ethylester (BAEE) and on glycerol tributyrate. There was, however, no correlation between these esterase-activities and the AHF-activity in the preparations. Moreover, the stability of the esterase at 4° C was much greater than the stability of the AHF-activity. We therefore assume that the AHF has no enzymatic activity on these substrates under the conditions of the tests. Attempts to activate AHF by calcium, magnesium or serum, were unsuccessful. Both esterase-activities were also present in fraction I of Cohn prepared from normal human citrated or resin plasma. The esterase-activity on BAEE is removed from resin plasma by adsorption to barium sulphate. The esterase-activity on glycerol tributyrate is not adsorbed.
The Effect of Trasylol on Blood Coagulation after Intravenous Injection
Authors: Gormsen J , Josephsen P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe in vivo effect of Trasylol® on the thromboplastin generation test, thrombin -generation test, the partial thromboplastin time and the thrombelastography has been examined in 50 patients. Furthermore 34 patients were given one of two preparations of “Trasylol”, distributed for a double-blind control. The dosis of Trasylol varied from 100,000 to 400,000 units. No significant influence on the various tests used was found.
Soluble Unclottable Complexes Formed in the Presence of Fibrinogen Degradation Products (FDP) during the Fibrinogen-Fibrin Conversion and Their Potential Significance in Pathology
Authors: Lipinski B , Wegezynowicz Z , Budzynski A. Z , Kopeć Maria , Latallo Z. S , Kowalski E 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. With the aid of isotopie technique, it was shown, that fibrinogen, fibrinogen-fibrin intermediates and fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) may form soluble complexes, which are unclottable by thrombin.2. These complexes may be precipitated by protamine sulphate or by cooling to 4° C (par a coagulation),3. The above findings are discussed in regard to their significance in the pathology of the acute defibrination syndrome :a) Paracoagulation by protamine sulphate without addition of thrombin occurs when defibrination is caused by excessive intravascular clotting, while in cases of the syndrome due to proteolytic digestion of fibrinogen, paracoagulation occurs after combined action of thrombin and protamin sulphate.b) Formation of the complexes described above may explain the occurence of cryofibrinogens in various pathological states.c) Formation of these complexes is postulated to be an important factor involved in the development of the hemostatic defect. It may be as well the expression of a defence mechanism against intravascular fibrin formation by rendering unclottable the intermediates of the fibrinogen-fibrin conversion.
Purification of Human Plasminogen
Authors: Roberts P. S , Burkat R. K 
Published: June 2018

SummaryHighly purified Kline-type plasminogen was obtained from Fraction III of human blood plasma by acid-salt extraction and precipitation procedures. Fraction III was washed with 1 M NaCl at pH 2 to remove interfering substances. Plasminogen was then extracted with 0.2 M NaCl at pH 2 and was further purified by precipitating it at pH 5.8 in the absence and in the presence of 0.1 M lysine. Highly purified material, although in varying yield, was obtained from all 3 lots of Fraction III (dried powder) and the 1 lot of Fraction III (frozen paste) used.
Fibrin Deposition in the Rabbit Kidney Produced by Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Beller F. K , Mitchell P. S , Gorstein F 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe infusion of thrombin and the proteolytic inhibitors EACA, AMCHA, PAMBA, Trasylol, Soya and Lima bean trypsin inhibitor as well as ovomucoid, resulted in fibrin deposition in the glomerulus of the rabbit. The distribution is similar in may respects to that observed in the GSP. Renal cortical necrosis did not occur and the fibrin was apparently lysed 24 hrs after infusion. At that time the inhibitors have disappeared from the tissues. It is assumed that the inhibition of the fibrinolytic enzyme system due to these substances, produces a potentiation of thrombin and, therefore, intravascular coagulation. The animals were partly defibrinated without significant alteration in circulating platelets. If several inhibitors were used together, the action was additive and not synergistic was observed. The experiments indicate that the mechanism of fibrin deposition in the rabbit is related to the fibrinolytic capacity of the organism in addition to other factor and is not merely a function of RES blockade (32).
Influence of Plasma Lipoproteins on the Fibrinolytic Activity
Authors: Skrzydlewski Z , Niewiarowski S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryNative lipoprotein fractions : alpha, beta and chylomicrons have been isolated from human serum according to the method of Burstein. Alpha lipoproteins and chylomicrons do not inhibit plasmin. The antiplasmin activity of beta lipoprotein amounts to about 10% of the total plasma antiplasmin activity. It is inactivated during heating at 56° C for 10 min, while storing at 4° C for a few days and by chloroform treatment. About 50% of serum beta lipoprotein is precipitated in euglobulin fraction. Variations of serum beta lipoprotein level have a significant effect on euglobulin fibrinolysis. Beta lipoprotein level, beta lipoprotein antiplasmin activity and euglobulin fibrinolysis have been determined in 2 groups of lipemic patients : a) puerperal women, b) patients with advanced atherosclerosis. There is a close correlation of beta lipoprotein level and euglobulin fibrinolysis time in puerperal patients. The inhibition of euglobulin fibrinolysis in patients with atherosclerosis depends on several factors, and only partly of the beta lipoprotein level. Beta lipoprotein level and beta lipoprotein antiplasmin activity were well correlated in both groups of patients.
The Interaction of Different Phospholipids on the Blood Clotting Mechanism
Authors: Bourgain R. H , Kahn M. J. P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe interaction of cephalin and a phosphoinositide fraction extracted from beef brain was investigated. Variance analysis performed on the experimental data evidence a highly significant interaction between the 2 moieties as could be observed graphically by the non-parallelism of the regression lines.
Studies on Clot Tensile Strength
Authors: Rubenstein E 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. A technique is described for measuring the tensile strength of plasma clots.2. Platelet-induced clot retraction brings about a marked increase in clot tensile strength.3. Normal platelet levels are associated with maximal clot tensile strength. Both high and low levels of platelets are associated with reduced clot tensile strength.
Die Auslösung einer massiven Thrombosierung durch Epsilon-Aminokapronsäure nach vorangehender Aktivierung des Gerinnungssystems
Authors: Herschlein H. J , Steichele D. F 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Wirkung der Epsilon-Aminokapronsäure auf die Hyperkoagulabilität des Blutes wird untersucht. Es kann gezeigt werden, daß die Epsilon-Aminokapronsäure im Gegensatz zum Trypsin-Kallikrein-Inhibitor bei In-vitro-Untersuchungen und im Tierexperiment keine antithromboplastische Aktivität besitzt. Wird im Tierversuch eine begrenzte Verbrauchskoagulopathie ausgelöst und gleichzeitig Epsilon-Aminokapronsäure gegeben, so erfolgt eine dosisabhängige Steigerung der Gerinnung bis zur massiven Thrombosierung. Die Indikation und Kontraindikation der Therapie mit Epsilon-Aminokapronsäure auf Grund dieser Befunde wird dargelegt.
Some Effects of Trypsin and Streptokinase on Platelet Aggregation
Authors: Wilson Patricia A , McNicol G. P , Douglas A. S 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe effect of the proteolytic enzymes trypsin and streptokinase on platelet aggregation were investigated using the turbidimetric system of Born and the Chandler tube system. The following results were obtained :1. ADP and adenosine display a similar action in the Chandler tube system as in the turbidimetric system.2. Platelet aggregation is accelerated in the Chandler tube system by trypsin over a range of concentrations 10 µg/ml to 1 mg/ml and in the turbidimetric system over a range of concentrations 100 µg/ml to 1 mg/ml.3. Streptokinase, at low concentrations, enhances aggregation in the Chandler tube system but plasma antiplasmin must be destroyed before a similar effect is observed in the turbidimetric system.4. The results obtained with trypsin cannot be accounted for solely on the basis of its coagulant action.
Adhesion of Platelets to Collagen Devoid of Telopeptides
Authors: Wojtecka-Lukasik Elzbieta , Sopata Irena , Wize Janina , Skonieczna Maria , Niedzwiecka-Namysłowska Izabella , Kowalski E 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCollagen devoid of telopeptides has been prepared according to the method of Rubin. It has been shown that this partially degraded collagen has not lost the ability to adhere and to aggregate platelets.
Properties of Fibrinogenolysis and Fibrinolysis Products in Immune Assays
Authors: Beller F. K , Maki M 
Published: June 2018

SummaryAn evaluation of split products derived from fibrinogen and fibrin gave the following results:1. Fibrinogen can be assayed in the presence of split products by the following techniques: Fibrinogen assay according to Ratnoff and Menzie and immuno radial diffusion after heat precipitation. Using the thrombin clotting time the recovery is improved if the incubation time is extended up to 24 hrs and further by adding Ca ions.2. On immune electrophoresis split products separate only in serum but not in plasma. If however, euglobulin fractions and acidified plasma were prepared separation occured.3. The larger split product, fraction D, derived from fibrinogen is heat labile, whereas it is heat stabile if it is derived from fibrin. Thrombin as well as large concentrations of plasmin stabilize the split product from fibrinogen against heat.4. The prolongation of thrombin clotting time in the presence of fibrinogenolysis split products disappears after heating. Split products derived from fibrin do not prolong the thrombin clotting time. A prolongation however, develops after heating.5. It is suggested that differentiation between intravascular coagulation and proteolysis is possible on the basis of the combined techniques of immune electrophoresis, radial diffusion method and the thrombin clotting time before and after heating.
The Use of EACA in Preventing or Reducing Hemorrhages in the Hemophiliac
Authors: Reid W. O , Hodge Shirley Mae , Cerutti E. R 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThirty one hemophiliacs of all grades of severity have been evaluated clinically and with laboratory tests to ascertain the preventive and therapeutic effectiveness of EACA, a plasminogen activator inhibitor, in reducing or eliminating hemorrhage. In an earlier study with one group of 14 patients, having a total of 40 dental extractions, no transfusions were needed after the surgical procedure as long as EACA treatment was continued through the healing period.In the present study, 17 severe (Grade III and IV) hemophilia A patients were placed on long term EACA dosage to observe possible hemorrhage preventive effects. The duration of treatment varied from 2-16 months. Improvement of all clinical criteria as defined in the text was statistically significant in both Grade III and IV hemophiliacs. The PTT, Hicks Pitney test and prothrombin consumption tests all showed statistically significant changes towards normal in the Grade IV hemophiliacs and the Hicks Pitney was significantly improved in the Grade III hemophiliacs. All three tests are sensitive to deficiencies of thromboplastin whether due to a failure of thromboplastin generation or an excess of an antithromboplastin or both. The data suggest that EACA can significantly reduce the incidence and severity of hemorrhage in the hemophiliac, if it is given in adequate continued dosage, thereby decreasing the morbidity associated with the disease.
Action of a Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibitor on Blood Coagulation in Vitro
Authors: Blombäck B , Blombäck Margareta , Olsson P 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe action of the kallikrein and trypsin inhibitor, Trasylol, has been studied in a three-stage thrombin generation system. It has been found that Trasylol inhibits one or several of the early reactions of blood coagulation. The inhibition of the early stages is dependent on the concentration of inhibitor, serum factors and factor VIII. The activation of factor V by tiger snake venom is not inhibited by Trasylol. The inhibition is most probably on one or several of the reactions preceding the factor V involved step.Some other known antifibrinolytic agents have also been tested for anti-coagulation activity.
A Study of the Reaction Product of Factor VIII and Factor IX by Gel Filtration
Authors: Hougie C , Denson K. W. E , Biggs Rosemary 
Published: June 2018

SummaryThe products of the reaction of activated factor IX with factor VIII, phospholipid and calcium have been studied using gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. Both factor VIII and phospholipid are completely excluded from the gel (distribution coefficient or KD of zero) while factor IXa behaves like a protein similar in size to albumin (KD approx. 0.4). Factor IXa complexes with phospholipid when calcium ions are added to the eluting buffer. When factor VIII, factor IXa, phospholipid and calcium are applied to the column and eluted with added Ca++ in the eluting buffer, a labile product with a KD of 0 is formed. The product apparently dissociates in the absence of added calcium ions in the eluting buffer. In the presence of calcium ions, the distribution coefficient of factor IX, when applied alone to the column, increased. The above findings are analogous to those reported between activated factor X, thrombin-activated factor V, phospholipid and calcium occurring later in the coagulation process.
Uber die chemische Natur des Thromboplastins aus menschlicher Hirnsubstanz
Authors: Hecht E , van Lit W. L Oosterbaan 
Published: June 2018

ZusammenfassungDie Frage, ob Thromboplastin aus menschlichem Hirngewebe eine eiweißhaltige Substanz ist oder nicht, wurde neuerdings untersucht. Nach Deutsch und Mitarb. (5) enthält humanes Hirnthromboplastin Eiweiß im Widerspruch mit früheren von Hecht md Mitarb. (17) mit Kaninchenhirn erhaltenen Befunden.Die Ergebnisse der gegenwärtigen Nachuntersuchung mit menschlicher Hirnlubstanz waren:1. Die von Deutsch beschriebene Spaltung des Thromboplastins in eine Lipoidund )ine Eiweißkomponente unter Verwendung von Pyridin konnte nicht bestätigt verden.2. In Deutschs sog. Eiweißfraktion konnten kleine Mengen von ungefähr 15 verschiedenen Aminosäuren mit Hilfe zweidimensionaler Chromatographie nach Hydro y se nachgewiesen werden. Diese sind auch in der Lipoidfraktion und in allen bei der Reinigung des Thromboplastins erhaltenen Waschflüssigkeiten und in den Pyridinextrakten, die der Entfernung der Lipoide aus der Eiweißfraktion dienen sollten, anwesend.3. Gereinigtes Thromboplastin und dessen beide Fraktionen geben negative Biuretreaktionen; analytische Einzelheiten und die Untersuchung mit Hilfe der Polyacrylamidelektrophorese sprachen nicht für das Vorliegen von Eiweiß.4. Deutschs analytische Resultate bzgl. der »Eiweiß«-Eraktion konnten nicht bestätigt werden.5. Es wurden von dem Thromboplastin, dessen Lipoidund Eiweißfraktion sowie von allen Waschflüssigkeiten qualitativ identische Chromatogramme erhalten. Einund zweidimensionale Papier Chromatographie, Kieselgeldünnschicht Chromatographie und Trikomplexfärbung wurden verwendet.6. Die nach Hydrolyse Aminosäuren liefernde Fraktion konnte isoliert und analysiert werden.7. Es konnte jedoch nicht mit Sicherheit entschieden werden, ob die kleinen Mengen Aminosäuren liefernde Substanz (en) als Verunreinigungen von dem ursprünglich wässerigen Gewebeextrakt aus Hirnsubstanz, die nicht vollständig entfernt werden konnten, stammen, oder als molekuläre Bestandteile von Phospholipidmolekülen auf gef aßt werden müssen. Bis jetzt scheint die erstgenannte Auffassung wahrscheinlicher zu sein.
Factors Influencing the Consumption of Factor X (Stuart-Prower Factor) during Intrinsic Coagulation
Authors: Niemetz J 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Factor X is consumed during in vitro intrinsic coagulation of normal blood when both surface activation and either bovine AHG or phospholipid such as cephalin, hemolysate, PS, PE, or mixture of PS and PE are present. Neither surface activation, AHG or phospholipid alone produces significant consumption of factor X.2. Consumption of factor X did not occur in hemophilic bloods (AHG or PTC deficient) when both surface activation and phospholipid were present.3. The consumption of factor X in blood from human subjects, with high factor VIII levels, when surface activation was provided, was only moderately augmented compared with results in blood with a normal factor VIII level.4. The consumption of factor X in the blood of a patient with a SLE inhibitor was similar to that in normal blood when both contact activation and phospholipids were supplied.
Serum Thrombotic Accelerator (STA) Deficiency in the Newborn
Authors: Hathaway W. E , Henderson Barbara J. 
Published: June 2018

SummarySerum thrombotic accelerator (STA) activity was shown to be definitely decreased in the blood of a group of newborn infants. Both newborn serum and BaS04 eluates of serum dialyzed against saline were devoid of clot promoting activity when the in vivo STA assay of Wessler was used. However, serum eluates dialyzed against distilled water showed good STA activity; therefore, an inhibitor, removed by water dialysis, was suggested to be present in newborn serum.
Plasmatic and Platelet Anti-Plasmins and Anti-Activators
Authors: den Ottolander G. J. H , Leijnse B , Cremer-Elfrink H. M. J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryDirect antiplasmin and anti-urokinase can be measured with artificial clots to which plasma, serum or platelet suspension is added incubated in plasmin or urokinase respectively. Whilst only 3% of the total antiplasmin in the blood is present in the platelets, there is 40% of the total antiurokinase present in the platelets. The properties of this thrombocytic anti-urokinase are discussed. Only 60% is soluble in water. By heating this solution the inhibiting effect increases. Platelet anti-activator is also active against other activators but has not the same properties as anti-urokinase. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Die Bedeutung des Proaktivators im fibrinolytischen Fermentsystem
Authors: Spöttl F. , Constantini R. 
Published: June 2018

Zusammenfassung1. Zwischen PA. und Plasminogenspiegel besteht eine strenge Korrelation. Unter Annahme der Theorie der PA.-Plasminogeneinheit kann diejenige Plasminogenmenge, die nach Aktivierung zu Plasmin in einem kaseinolytischen System eine RCE ergibt, bei vollständiger Umwandlung durch Streptokinase im Überschuß in den Aktivator in der Stunde die 1026fache Menge Plasminogen zu Plasmin aktivieren.2. Unter »Normalbedingungen« ist der PA.-Spiegel der Aktivatoraktivität indirekt proportional, es scheint daher wahrscheinlich, daß bei der Blutaktivatorbildung PA. verbraucht wird.3. Bei Einschwemmung von Gewebsaktivatoren bzw. Steigerung der fibrinolyti- schen Aktivität durch Adrenalin und Venenokklusion gilt diese Korrelation nicht mehr, die Plasminogenaktivierung scheint hier über einen anderen Mechanismus abzulaufen.4. Zwischen PA. und Plasmafibrinogen besteht eine nicht sehr enge Beziehung.
On the Action Mechanism of Some Fibrinolysis Inhibitors
Authors: Donner L , Housková J 
Published: June 2018

Summary1. Both p-aminomethylcyclohexanecarboxylic acid (AMCA) and p-aminomethylbenzoic acid (PAMBA) exhibit a significant inhibiting activity on the fibrinolysis. The inhibition conldbe observed already at concentrations as low as 10-4 M. The inhibition was higher in a system activated by urokinase than in a system activated by streptokinase. By comparing the same concentrations the greatest inhibitory activity was observed in AMCA, a lesser one in PAMBA, and the least one in EACA.2. AMCA exhibited mostly an antiactivator effect; the inhibition of pi asm in was very weak.3. Intravenous injections of either AMCA, in recommended therapeutic doses of 15-20 mg/kg body weight, or PAMBA, in recommended therapeutic doses of 1.5 mg/kg body weight, exhibited an inhibitive effect on the fibrinolysis in vivo. Their effects set on, on the average, inside 30-60 min, and lasted 2-6 hrs. Great individual variations were found. AMCA had the highest inhibitory effect.4. AMCA inhibits not only the blood activator but also the tissue activator. AMCA possesses, apart from the antifibrinolytic and antifibrinogenolytic activity, also a significant antitryptic activity.
The Rat Plasminogen System, Intrahepatic Fibrinolysis and Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Innerfield I , Rowley G. R , Zweil P , Porpora J 
Published: June 2018

SummaryCarbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity in rats is significantly reduced by small doses of orally given enzymes which activate the rat plasminogen system. Enzymes incapable of activating rat plasminogen are ineffective. The suggestion is made that the liver protection afforded by small doses of SK or trypsin relates to the pro-coagulant, permeability-decreasing, anti-edema action of suitably low doses of SK or trypsin.