bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
School‐based interventions for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review with multiple synthesis methods
Authors: Moore Darren A. , Russell Abigail E. , Matthews Justin , Ford Tamsin J. , Rogers Morwenna , Ukoumunne Obioha C. , Kneale Dylan , Thompson‐Coon Jo , Sutcliffe Katy , Nunns Michael , Shaw Liz , Gwernan‐Jones Ruth 
Published: October 2018

Non‐pharmacological interventions for attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder are useful treatments, but it is unclear how effective school‐based interventions are for a range of outcomes and which features of interventions are most effective. This paper systematically reviews randomised controlled trial evidence of the effectiveness of interventions for children with ADHD in school settings. Three methods of synthesis were used to explore the effectiveness of interventions, whether certain types of interventions are more effective than others and which components of interventions lead to effective academic outcomes. Twenty‐eight studies (n = 1807) were included in the review. Eight types of interventions were evaluated and a range of different ADHD symptoms, difficulties and school outcomes were assessed across studies. Meta‐analyses demonstrated beneficial effects for interventions that combine multiple features (median effect size g = 0.37, interquartile range 0.32, range 0.09–1.13) and suggest some promise for daily report card interventions (median g = 0.62, IQR = 0.25, range 0.13–1.62). Meta‐regression analyses did not give a consistent message regarding which types of interventions were more effective than others. Finally, qualitative comparative analysis demonstrated that self‐regulation and one‐to‐one intervention delivery were important components of interventions that were effective for academic outcomes. These two components were not sufficient though; when they appeared with personalisation for individual recipients and delivery in the classroom, or when interventions did not aim to improve child relationships, interventions were effective. This review provides updated information about the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions specific to school settings and gives tentative messages about important features of these interventions for academic outcomes.
Myomectomy scar ectopic pregnancy following a cryopreserved embryo transfer
Authors: Ishiguro Tatsuya , Yamawaki Kaoru , Chihara Makoto , Nishikawa Nobumichi , Enomoto Takayuki 
Published: October 2018

AbstractCaseA 40 year old woman with a history of a myomectomy visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan, following 2 years of infertility. Magnetic resonance imaging detected an abnormal endometrial‐like pseudo‐cavity. A hysterosalpingography also revealed an abnormal accumulation of contrast medium at the myometrial scar site. A transvaginal ultrasound showed a thin myometrium at the lower uterine body. The patient conceived via in vitro fertilization under a luteal phase down‐regulation protocol (long protocol) for controlled ovarian stimulation, followed by a cryopreserved embryo transfer during her natural ovulation cycle. After the embryo transfer, the gestational sac was located at the subserosal site of the myomectomy scar.OutcomeAn emergent laparoscopic operation was performed and the embryo was removed successfully via laparoscopy under transvaginal ultrasonography.ConclusionA subserosal uterine pregnancy is a rare form of intramural pregnancy, which is a rare subtype of an ectopic pregnancy, which could occur at the myomectomy site, especially after an embryo transfer. It is believed that this rare ectopic pregnancy resulted from embryo implantation under the serosa through a micro‐sinus tract that was a site of suture failure of the myomectomy scar and was partially affected by the embryo transfer. Clinicians should consider the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy after uterine surgery, including a myomectomy.
Key Factors for Simultaneous Improvements of Performance and Durability of Core‐Shell Pt3Ni/Carbon Electrocatalysts Toward Superior Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell
Authors: Zhao Xiao , Takao Shinobu , Kaneko Takuma , Iwasawa Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIt remains a big challenge to remarkably improve both oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and long‐term durability of Pt−M bimetal electrocatalysts simultaneously in the harsh cathode environment toward widespread commercialization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC). In this account we found double‐promotional effects of carbon micro coil (CMC) support on ORR performance and durability of octahedral Pt3Ni nanoparticles (Oh Pt3Ni/CMC). The Oh Pt3Ni/CMC displayed remarkable improvements of mass activity (MA; 13.6 and 34.1 times) and surface specific activity (SA; 31.3 and 37.0 times) compared to those of benchmark Pt/C (TEC10E20E) and Pt/C (TEC10E50E‐HT), respectively. Notably, the Oh Pt3Ni/CMC revealed a negligible MA loss after 50,000 triangular‐wave 1.0–1.5 VRHE (startup/shutdown) load cycles, contrasted to MA losses of 40 % (TEC10E20E) and 21.5 % (TEC10E50E‐HT) by only 10,000 load cycles. It was also found that the SA increased exponentially with the decrease in the CO stripping peak potential in a series of Pt−M/carbon (M: Ni and Co), which predicts a maximum SA at the curve asymptote. Key factors for simultaneous improvements of performance and durability of core‐shell Pt3Ni/carbon electrocatalysts toward superior PEFC is also discussed.
Cerebral–placental–uterine ratio as novel predictor of late fetal growth restriction: prospective cohort study
Authors: MacDonald T. M. , Hui L. , Robinson A. J. , Dane K. M. , Middleton A. L. , Tong S. , Walker S. P. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveFetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major risk factor for stillbirth and most commonly arises from uteroplacental insufficiency. Despite clinical examination and third‐trimester fetal biometry, cases of FGR often remain undetected antenatally. Placental insufficiency is known to be associated with altered blood flow resistance in maternal, placental and fetal vessels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of individual and combined Doppler blood flow resistance measurements in the prediction of term small‐for‐gestational age and FGR.MethodsThis was a prospective study of 347 nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy at 36 weeks' gestation in which fetal growth and Doppler measurements were obtained. Pulsatility indices (PI) of the uterine arteries (UtA), umbilical artery (UA) and fetal vessels were analyzed, individually and in combination, for prediction of birth weight < 10th, < 5th and < 3rd centiles. Doppler values were converted into centiles or multiples of the median (MoM) for gestational age. The sensitivities, positive and negative predictive values and odds ratios (OR) of the Doppler parameters for these birth weights at ∼ 90% specificity were assessed. Additionally, the correlations between Doppler measurements and other measures of placental insufficiency, namely fetal growth velocity and neonatal body fat measures, were analyzed.ResultsThe Doppler combination most strongly associated with placental insufficiency was a newly generated parameter, which we have named the cerebral–placental–uterine ratio (CPUR). CPUR is the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) (middle cerebral artery PI/UA‐PI) divided by mean UtA‐PI. CPUR MoM detected FGR better than did mean UtA‐PI MoM or CPR MoM alone. At ∼ 90% specificity, low CPUR MoM had sensitivities of 50% for birth weight < 10th centile, 68% for < 5th centile and 89% for < 3rd centile. The respective sensitivities of low CPR MoM were 26%, 37% and 44% and those of high UtA‐PI MoM were 34%, 47% and 67%. Low CPUR MoM was associated with birth weight < 10th centile with an OR of 9.1, < 5th centile with an OR of 17.3 and < 3rd centile with an OR of 57.0 (P < 0.0001 for all). CPUR MoM was also correlated most strongly with fetal growth velocity and neonatal body fat measures, as compared with CPR MoM or UtA‐PI MoM alone.ConclusionsIn this cohort, a novel Doppler variable combination, the CPUR (CPR/UtA‐PI), had the strongest association with indicators of placental insufficiency. CPUR detected more cases of FGR than did any other Doppler parameter measured. If these results are replicated independently, this new parameter may lead to better identification of fetuses at increased risk of stillbirth that may benefit from obstetric intervention. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Advances and challenges in deep generative models for de novo molecule generation
Authors: Xue Dongyu , Gong Yukang , Yang Zhaoyi , Chuai Guohui , Qu Sheng , Shen Aizong , Yu Jing , Liu Qi 
Published: October 2018

The de novo molecule generation problem involves generating novel or modified molecular structures with desirable properties. Taking advantage of the great representation learning ability of deep learning models, deep generative models, which differ from discriminative models in their traditional machine learning approach, provide the possibility of generation of desirable molecules directly. Although deep generative models have been extensively discussed in the machine learning community, a specific investigation of the computational issues related to deep generative models for de novo molecule generation is needed. A concise and insightful discussion of recent advances in applying deep generative models for de novo molecule generation is presented, with particularly emphasizing the most important challenges for successful application of deep generative models in this specific area.This article is categorized under:

Computer and Information Science > Chemoinformatics
Computer and Information Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming
Forced vibrations of nonlinear symmetrical and asymmetrical rotating shafts mounted on a moving base
Authors: Shahgholi Majid , Payganeh Gholamhassan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper deals with the combinational resonances of symmetrical and asymmetrical rotating shafts with base motions. The nonlinearities are owing to the large amplitude of the hinged‐ hinged the shaft. Generally, the asymmetrical shaft has unequal principal mass moments of inertia and flexural stiffnesses. The system is exposed to three sources of excitation as a result of the asymmetry of the shaft, dynamic imbalances, and base excitations. Using the variational approach the nonlinear governing equations of motion and related boundary conditions are derived in the complex form. These equations of motion are analyzed by the use of the perturbation method. It is shown that three combinational resonances occur in the system. In the two cases of combinational resonances the asymmetry of shaft has no effect on the steady‐state responses. However, in one case of the combinational resonances, the asymmetry of the shaft has a significant effect. Also, in each case, the steady‐state solutions and their stability are investigated. The effect of various parameters such as damping coefficient, eccentricities, and asymmetry of the shaft on the periodic solutions, the stability of the solutions and bifurcations are probed. Additionally, the analytical results are verified by the numerical simulations that are obtained a good agreement between these results.
Upscaling of a diffusion problem with interfacial flux jump leading to a modified Barenblatt model
Authors: Bunoiu Renata , Timofte Claudia 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we study the homogenization of a diffusion problem in a highly heterogeneous composite medium formed by two constituents separated by an imperfect interface, where both the temperature and the flux exhibit jumps. The presence of the flux jump leads to a modified stationary Barenblatt model. Besides, we discuss two different geometrical settings, providing a mathematical justification for a physical phenomenon which is explained by the connectivity properties of the constituents.
The effects of legal versus business education on decision making in public administrations with a Weberian tradition
Authors: Rosengart Tim , Hirsch Bernhard , Nitzl Christian 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe analyse the socialization effects of a university education on decision making in a public-sector context with a Weberian tradition. The results of our vignette study of 331 law and business students and 155 professionals in German public administrations show that business students—in contrast to law students—make decisions significantly more in line with private-sector logic. This phenomenon is not observed for professionals. Individuals’ transformations from student to professional status appear to be affected by particularly strong internal and external pressures to socialize, which widely neutralizes the differences between legal and business professionals.
Nurses' Use of Global Information Systems for Provision of Outreach Reproductive Health Services to Internally Displaced Persons
Authors: Shaikh Masood A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroduction:A long and protracted civil war compounded by the occurrence of nature-related disasters have forced thousands of Somalis to take refuge in camps for internally displaced persons (IDPs) to escape violence and seek shelter. Dwellers of these camps have limited accessibility to and affordability of the fractured healthcare facilities located in nearby towns. A free, outreach, mobile, reproductive healthcare delivery system staffed with nurses and using an ambulance guided by a global information systems (GIS) map was established to address the accessibility and affordability issues hindering provision of quality reproductive healthcare to the women in the IDP camps and in the outskirts of Baidoa City, Somalia.Methods:All 14 IDP camps in Baidoa City were visited to determine the number of families/huts, and to acquire their global positioning system (GPS) central point locations. Global information systems (GIS) shape files containing major roads, river, and dwellings, and straight-line distances from the base clinic to each IDP camp were computed. The objective of creating and using this specially designed map was to help nurses in determining which camps realistically could be visited on a given day, and how best to access them considering the security situation and the condition of rain-affected areas in the city.Results:Use of the GIS map was instrumental in facilitating the delivery of healthcare services to IDPs and ensuring that resources were adequately utilized. Free healthcare services were provided each work day for the month long duration of the project; 3,095 consultations were provided, inclusive of 948 consultations for children under the age of 16 years, and delivery of three babies.Conclusions:Creation and use of a simple, need-specific GIS map in this pilot project effectively aided the logistical planning and delivery of mobile, outreach reproductive health services by directing the ambulance and nurses safely to accessible IDP camps in an area marred with long and protracted disasters from both natural and human causes.
Passive Recovery of Wood Loads in Rivers
Authors: Stout J. C. , Rutherfurd I. D. , Grove J. , Webb A. J. , Kitchingman A. , Tonkin Z. , Lyon J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA growing worldwide body of literature is demonstrating the geomorphic and ecological roles played by wood in rivers. After more than a century of removing wood from rivers in many parts of the world, researchers and managers are now interested in returning the load of wood back to a more natural condition. The mechanical placement of wood in rivers is expensive, and so it is useful to know how long it will take for in‐stream wood loads to passively recover a target load by recruitment from riparian forests. Of fundamental interest to managers and researchers alike are the questions: (1) can a river passively recover to a preremoval load of wood, and (2) if so, how long will recovery take? We address these questions using the example of the anabranching King River, Northeast Victoria, Australia, which was desnagged twice: once in 1957 and again in 1980. We predict a recovery time of 255 ± 23 years using a complete census of recovering wood loads to develop and parameterize a mass balance delivery model run in a Monte Carlo simulation. Our results indicate that with a healthy supply of riparian vegetation and minimal interference from managers, rivers are likely to passively recover natural wood loads at least two and a half centuries after desnagging. Using the data and methods described in this paper, we develop a theory of recovery, conceptually describing the recovery process as a sequence of five stages that can be used to monitor and track wood loads through time.
No Direct Linkage Between Event‐Based Runoff Generation and Groundwater Recharge on the Maimai Hillslope
Authors: Gabrielli C. P. , McDonnell J. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractHillslope hydrological investigations in humid regions to date have focused mostly on runoff generation during events. The few papers that have also examined groundwater recharge processes associated with subsurface stormflow production have found strong linkages between episodes of runoff and recharge to the aquifer. But the range of climate, vegetation, and geological conditions examined thus far has been limited. Here we explore how geologic characteristics, timing of subsurface stormflow, and hydroclimatic conditions relate to the timing of bedrock groundwater recharge at the well‐studied Maimai watershed. We hypothesized that recharge would be determined by subsurface stormflow frequency in this system with high rainfall and little seasonality of the hydrologic response. Unexpectedly, isotopic analysis and noble gas measurements indicated that recharge occurred almost exclusively during winter months despite previous work at Maimai showing subsurface stormflow occurs in all seasons and rainfall‐runoff ratios are high year‐round. A sprinkler and dye experiment conducted directly on open bedrock identified groundwater recharge mechanisms and rates, and a simple empirical recharge model suggests almost 90% of recharge occurred from only 55% of annual precipitation. We found no correlation between the timing and magnitude of groundwater recharge and total precipitation, direct runoff or subsurface stormflow. The catchment effectively converted rainfall to runoff during all seasons, but the unfractured low permeability bedrock (2.3 × 10−8 m/s) required long durations of extended catchment wetness for appreciable recharge to occur—a condition satisfied only during winter months with lower evapotranspiration. These findings suggest the need to better understand the geologic controls of recharge in headwaters.
Exploring Cooperative Transboundary River Management Strategies for the Eastern Nile Basin
Authors: Wheeler Kevin G. , Hall Jim W. , Abdo Gamal M. , Dadson Simon J. , Kasprzyk Joseph R. , Smith Rebecca , Zagona Edith A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA water resource modeling process is demonstrated to support multistakeholder negotiations over transboundary management of the Nile River. This process addresses the challenge of identifying management options of new hydraulic infrastructure that potentially affects downstream coriparian nations and how the management of existing infrastructure can be adapted. The method includes an exploration of potential management decisions using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm, intertwined with an iterative process of formulating cooperative strategies to overcome technical and political barriers faced in a transboundary negotiation. The case study is the addition of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) and considers how its operation may be coordinated with adaptations to the operations of Egypt's High Aswan Dam. The results demonstrate that a lack of coordination is likely to be harmful to downstream riparians and suggest that adaptations to infrastructure in Sudan and Egypt can reduce risks to water supplies and energy generation. Although risks can be substantially reduced by agreed releases from the GERD and basic adaptations to the High Aswan Dam, these measures are still insufficient to assure that no additional risk is assumed by Egypt. The method then demonstrates how improvements to water security for both downstream riparians can be achieved through dynamic adaptation of the operation of the GERD during drought conditions. Finally, the paper demonstrates how the robustness of potential management arrangements can be evaluated considering potential effects of climate change, including increased interannual variability and highly uncertain changes such as increases in the future persistence of droughts.
Assessing the Implicit Rain Impact on Sea State During Hurricane Sandy (2012)
Authors: Katsafados P. , Varlas G. , Papadopoulos A. , Spyrou C. , Korres G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOne of the most understudied and less understood phenomenon in air‐sea interaction studies is the effect of rain on the sea state and in turn the atmosphere's response to this surface forcing. In order to examine the entire process, a new parameterization scheme for rain‐induced sea surface roughness was incorporated in the two‐way atmosphere‐ocean wave coupled system Chemical Hydrological Atmospheric Ocean wave System (CHAOS). The simulation of the late October 2012 Hurricane Sandy indicates that the complex rain‐on‐ocean effect primarily modifies sea surface roughness and attenuates both the atmospheric flow and the ocean wave growth. The heterogeneity of roughness variations modulates the asymmetry of the hurricane and affects its central pressure and its track as well. Comparing with in situ and remotely sensed data, the consideration of rain‐on‐ocean effect reduces the root‐mean‐square error up to 8% and 11% for wind speed and significant wave height, respectively, and finally improves Sandy's track offshore eastern U.S. coastline.
Simultaneous Multispacecraft Probing of Electron Phase Space Holes
Authors: Tong Y. , Vasko I. , Mozer F. S. , Bale S. D. , Roth I. , Artemyev A.V. , Ergun R. , Giles B. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Russell C.T. , Strangeway R. , Torbert R. B. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe present a series of electron holes observed simultaneously on four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft in the plasma sheet boundary layer. The multispacecraft probing shows that the electron holes propagated quasi‐parallel to the local magnetic field with velocities of a few thousand kilometers per second with parallel spatial scales of a few kilometers (a few Debye lengths). The simultaneous multispacecraft probing allows analyzing the 3‐D configuration of the electron holes. We estimate the electric field gradients and charge densities associated with the electrons holes. The electric fields are fit to simple 3‐D electron hole models to estimate their perpendicular scales and demonstrate that the electron holes were generally not axially symmetric with respect to the local magnetic field. We emphasize that most of the electron holes had a complicated structure not reproduced by the simple models widely used in single‐spacecraft studies.