bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling Relationships: Enhancing Sustainability of Golpata (Nipa Palm) Through Socio‐Ecological Systems Management in the Sundarbans Mangrove Forest
Authors: Ahasan S. M. Nayem , Ashik Ur Rahman Md 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the social‐ecological dynamics of common pool resource (CPR) management in the Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh. We focus on golpata (Nypa fruticans), a vital CPR for local communities. A social‐ecological systems (SESs) framework was employed to assess the relationships between social (actors and governance) and ecological (resource system and resource unit) dimensions and their influence on the sustainability of golpata management. Data on 12 variables and 24 indicators were collected within the Chadpai range of the Sundarbans. Results revealed both positive and negative relationships between the SES dimensions. Positive correlations were found between the resource system and resource unit, and between governance and both resource system and unit (albeit weaker). Conversely, negative correlations emerged between actors and both resource systems and units, suggesting a potential disconnect between community user practices and resource sustainability. Based on these findings, the study recommends four distinct management scenarios tailored to specific SES regions within the Sundarbans. These scenarios emphasize strengthening governance frameworks, enhancing stakeholder engagement, and implementing targeted ecological interventions to improve the sustainability of golpata resources. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the social‐ecological complexities of golpata management in the Sundarbans. The findings can inform policymakers in developing effective strategies for sustainable resource use and community livelihoods within this critical ecosystem.
Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella spp. Recovered From Migratory and Captive Wild Birds
Authors: Begum Ruhena , Asha Nilima Akther , Dipu Diponkar Chandra Chanda , Roy Milton , Rahman Asikur , Chowdhury Md. Shahidur Rahman , Hossain Hemayet , Islam Md. Rafiqul , Uddin Md Bashir , Rahman Md. Mahfujur , Hossain Md. Mukter 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSalmonella spp., especially those are resistant to extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL), are considered as major concern to global health due to their emergence and dissemination.AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of Salmonella spp. from migratory and captive wild birds.MethodA total 262 faecal samples were collected, and the identification of Salmonella spp. was carried out using a standard culture and PCR as well as molecular detection of virulence and AMR genes.ResultsThe overall prevalence of Salmonella was determined to be 30.92% (95% CI = 25.63–36.75). Migratory birds exhibited highest prevalence (38.10%), whereas wild birds in captivity showed a lower prevalence (23.40%). The agfA gene was detected at a higher rate at 24.69%. Salmonella spp. exhibited 100% resistance to tetracycline, followed by 58% ampicillin and 46% streptomycin. In addition, there was a resistance rate to ceftriaxone of 17% and to colistin sulphate of 25%. Interestingly, levofloxacin alone displayed 100% sensitivity across all isolates, while ciprofloxacin and azithromycin showed 73% and 64% sensitivity, respectively. The MAR index was 0.25 and 0.42, and 74.07% of all isolates showed multidrug resistance (MDR). It was shown that migratory and captive wild birds contained ESBL genes blaTEM (94.34% and 49.06%) and blaSHV (13.33% and 10%), respectively. Genes responsible for sulphonamide (sul1) resistance were detected in 13.33% and 79% of wild and migratory birds, respectively.ConclusionSalmonella has been found in captive wild and migratory birds and could act as reservoirs for the transmission of MDR and ESBL bacteria.
Urbanisation increases cloudiness over Greater Kuala Lumpur during southwest and northeast monsoons
Authors: Syed Mahbar Sharifah Faridah , Kusaka Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnderstanding urban cloud dynamics is vital, as changes in local cloud patterns impact energy and water cycles, posing risks to cities. This study examined urban cloudiness using Himawari‐8 satellite data from 2016 to 2021 during the southwest and northeast monsoons in Greater Kuala Lumpur. Urban areas exhibited higher daytime cloud cover than rural areas, with peak cloudiness at 1500 local time being 1.22 times greater during southwest monsoon and 1.24 times greater during the northeast monsoon. Increased solar radiation and the urban heat island effect drive these variations, offering insights for weather forecasting and climate studies in rapidly urbanising regions.
Imagining a New Gender Contract for SRHR
Authors: Dzwonkowska-Godula Krystyna 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the importance of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) for gender equality. SRHR studies are crucial for human beings’ health and well-being, individual dignity and autonomy, and in the context of human and women’s rights. In our considerations, we explore selected aspects of SRHR, such as sex education, and access to modern contraception and abortion, all conditioning people’s reproductive choices and, thus, life choices and chances. The following issues are discussed in the chapter: the differences within the EU in realising SRHR with respect to the above-mentioned aspects; and the significance of including reproductive justice in building a new gender contract and an inclusive Europe. In the final section, we identify selected courses of action and solutions that can contribute to this goal. Adopting the perspective of reproductive justice, which combines reproductive rights with social justice and the intersectionality approach, is useful in the critical analysis of reproductive politics in European countries and formulating recommendations to create a new gender contract as a basis for a more inclusive, fairer and feminist Europe. However, it also includes intra- and transnational cooperation in supporting women’s access to abortion and contraception.
Conformal bootstrap equations from the embedding space operator product expansion
Authors: Fortin Jean-François , Ma Wen-Jie , Prilepina Valentina , Skiba Witold 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
We describe how to implement the conformal bootstrap program in the context of the embedding space OPE formalism introduced in previous work. To take maximal advantage of the known properties of the scalar conformal blocks for symmetric-traceless exchange, we construct tensorial generalizations of the three-point and four-point scalar conformal blocks that have many nice properties. Further, we present a special basis of tensor structures for three-point correlation functions endowed with the remarkable simplifying property that it does not mix under permutations of the external quasi-primary operators. We find that in this approach, we can write the M-point conformal bootstrap equations explicitly in terms of the standard position space cross-ratios without the need to project back to position space, thus effectively deriving all conformal bootstrap equations directly from the embedding space. Finally, we lay out an algorithm for generating the conformal bootstrap equations in this formalism. Collectively, the tensorial generalizations, the new basis of tensor structures, as well as the procedure for deriving the conformal bootstrap equations lead to four-point bootstrap equations for quasi-primary operators in arbitrary Lorentz representations expressed as linear combinations of the standard scalar conformal blocks for spin-ℓ exchange, with finite ℓ-independent terms. Moreover, the OPE coefficients in these equations conveniently feature trivial symmetry properties. The only inputs necessary are the relevant projection operators and tensor structures, which are all fixed by group theory. To illustrate the procedure, we present one nontrivial example involving scalars S and vectors V, namely ⟨SSSV⟩.
Celestial Lw1+∞ charges from a twistor action
Authors: Kmec Adam , Mason Lionel , Ruzziconi Romain , Srikant Akshay Yelleshpur 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The celestial Lw1+∞ symmetries in asymptotically flat spacetimes have a natural geometric interpretation on twistor space in terms of Poisson diffeomorphisms. Using this framework, we provide a first-principle derivation of the canonical generators associated with these symmetries starting from the Poisson BF twistor action for self-dual gravity. We express these charges as surface integrals over the celestial sphere in terms of spacetime data at null infinity. The connection between twistor space and spacetime expressions at $$ \mathcal{I} $$
I
is achieved via an integral formula for the asymptotic Bianchi identities due to Bramson and Tod. Finally, we clarify how Lw1+∞ transformations are symmetries of gravity from a phase space perspective by showing the invariance of the asymptotic Bianchi identities.
Laser power modulation between disturbed and undisturbed material removal regime in laser chemical processing
Authors: Lu Yang , Bouraoui Yasmine , Niehaves Claudia , Fischer Andreas , Radel Tim 
Published: November 2024

AbstractLaser chemical machining (LCM) is a method for removing material by thermally induced chemical dissolution of self-passivating metals. However, the process window is limited by disrupted material removal due to gas bubble formation and metallic salts and oxides deposition at higher energy input. Since the temperature increases, and therefore gas bubble growth takes time, it is hypothesized that the temporal modulation of laser power can remove the metal homogeneously, i.e., without disrupted material removal, while achieving a higher removal rate. Based on this, the dynamic process behavior of material removal is investigated for the LCM of titanium in phosphoric acid, using a rectangular modulation of the laser power with varying irradiation durations. As a result, however, high-speed videos show that gas bubbles are consistently generated, regardless of the applied laser power and power modulation, although the quantity of bubbles varies with different parameters. Even with short power durations (10 ms), the material deposition occurs after multiple irradiations. When the duration is longer, the material deposition increases in height along the laser scan direction. For the studied process parameters, a Fourier analysis in the spatial domain further indicates the correlation between the material removal frequencies and the modulation frequencies. In conclusion, the laser power modulation cannot prevent the disturbed material removal at high laser powers. Nevertheless, the material deposition can be utilized to generate periodic surface structures with a depth below and above the initial surface.
A data-driven approach for analyzing contributions of individual loading factors to GNSS-measured bridge displacements
Authors: Qu Xuanyu , Ding Xiaoli , Xia Yong , Yu Wenkun 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA bridge may displace due to various loadings (e.g., thermal (Xia et al. in Struct Control Health Monit 28(7):e2738, 2013), winds (Owen et al. in J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 206:104389, 2020), and vehicles (Xu et al. in J Struct Eng 133(1):3–11, 2007)) acting upon the bridge. Identifying the contributions of individual loading factors to the measured bridge displacements is important for understanding the structural health conditions of the bridge. There is however no effective method to quantify the contributions when multiple loadings act simultaneously on a bridge. We propose a new data-driven method, termed random forest (RF)-assisted variational mode decomposition (RF-AVMD), for more effective identification of dominant loading factors and for quantifying the contributions of individual loading factors to the measured bridge displacements. The proposed method is applicable to studying the displacements of any bridge structures and allows for the first time to separate the contributions of individual loadings. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated using data from Tsing Ma Bridge (TMB), a large suspension bridge in Hong Kong recorded during two consecutive strong typhoons. The results reveal that the transverse displacements of TMB mid-span were controlled by the crosswinds, the longitudinal displacements were dominated by the temperature and winds along the bridge centerline, and the vertical displacements were mainly due to the winds along the bridge centerline, temperature, and traffic flows. Displacement time series that responded to each loading factor was derived. The proposed method provides important new insights into the impacts of individual loadings on the displacements of long-span bridges.
Vulnerability of kelp, Ecklonia radiata, to persistent nitrogen pollution and coastal darkening
Authors: Mason Josie M. , Blain Caitlin O. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCoastal darkening is expected to have pervasive impacts on benthic primary producers. However, the effects of nitrogen enrichment, an often-co-occurring stressor, on benthic primary producers and their functions is less clear. This study investigates the interactive effects of coastal darkening and nitrogenous eutrophication, including nitrogen source (NH4+ vs. NO3−), on the function of the kelp Ecklonia radiata. First, an in-situ experiment was used to assess the differential impacts of NH4+ and NO3− pulse enrichment on the photosynthetic performance and pH modulation capacity of E. radiata. Second, a laboratory experiment was used to assess the longer-term impacts of nitrogen enrichment under low-light conditions mimicking coastal darkening on service provisioning, including photosynthetic performance, pH modulation, nutrient uptake and growth. While pulse nitrogen enrichment had no impacts on the photosynthetic performance of E. radiata in-situ, persistent exposure to either NH4+ or NO3− acted as a stressor to sporophytes as indicated by elevated rates of dark respiration and lamina erosion and reduced photosynthetic efficiency and growth rates. Furthermore, low-light conditions elicited reduced photosynthetic capacity at saturating irradiance, which extended to a reduction in the extent of pH modulation, and significantly increased lamina erosion. While the two stressors appeared to act on distinct parameters, ultimately, both darkening and eutrophication directly reduced net primary production, especially when in combination. These results demonstrate the negative interactive effects of coastal darkening and eutrophication on E. radiata function, while suggesting a vulnerability of E. radiata to even moderate levels of persistent nitrogen enrichment. This vulnerability highlights the need to consider environmental conditions during kelp conservation and restoration, and when attempting to valorise kelp ecophysiology for nature-based solutions.
Altruistic giving and risk taking in human affairs
Authors: Stark Oded , Balbus Lukasz 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to provide a general proposition of the relationship between altruism and risk taking. As explained in the body of the paper, we diverge from a result reported in Stark et al. (2022) and provide an expansion and a generalization of a preliminary result reported in Stark (2024). In a broad utility framework, we study the risk aversion of an altruistic person who is an active donor (benefactor) and the risk aversion of a beneficiary of an altruistic transfer. In both cases, we find that altruism lowers risk aversion. The specific case in which the utility functions of the benefactor and of the beneficiary are constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) functions constitutes a vivid example of lesser risk aversion characterization. We conclude that in terms of risk-taking behavior, a “population” endowed with altruism is uniformly more willing to take risks than a comparable “population” devoid of altruism.
Improving subseasonal forecast skill in the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model using soil moisture data assimilation
Authors: Nair Akhilesh S. , Counillon François , Keenlyside Noel 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study shows the importance of soil moisture (SM) in subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) predictions at mid-latitudes. We do this through introducing the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model Land (NorCPM-Land), a land reanalysis framework tailored for integration with the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model (NorCPM). NorCPM-Land assimilates blended SM data from the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative into a 30-member offline simulation of the Community Land Model with fluxes from the coupled model. The assimilation of SM data reduces error in SM by 10.5 % when validated against independent SM observations. It also improves latent heat flux estimates, illustrating that the adjustment of underlying SM significantly augments the capacity to model land surface dynamics. We evaluate the added value of land initialisation for subseasonal predictions, by comparing the performance of hindcasts (retrospective prediction) using the standard NorCPM with a version where the land initial condition is taken from NorCPM-Land reanalysis. The hindcast covers the period 2000 to 2019 with four start dates per year. Land initialisation enhances SM predictions, reducing error by up to 2.5-month lead time. Likewise, the error for precipitation and temperature shows improvement up to a lead time of 1.5-month. The largest improvements are observed in regions with significant land-atmospheric coupling, such as the Central United States, the Sahel, and Central India. This method further enhances the prediction of extreme temperature variations, both high and low, with the most notable improvements seen in regions at mid and high latitudes, including parts of Europe, the United States, and Asia. Overall, our study provides further evidence for the significant role of SM content in enhancing the accuracy of subseasonal predictions. This study introduces a technique for improved land initialisation, utilising the same model employed in climate predictions.
Birthing positions and mother`s satisfaction with childbirth: a cross-sectional study on the relevance of self determination
Authors: Scholten Nadine , Strizek Brigitte , Okumu Mi-Ran , Demirer Ibrahim , Kössendrup Jan , Haid-Schmallenberg Lissa , Bäckmann Malte , Stöcker Arno , Stevens Natalie , Volkert Anna 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Considering the inconclusive evidence regarding the clinical benefits of specific birthing positions, emphasis has been placed on adhering to women’s preferences during the second stage of labour. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the association between birthing position, the freedom to choose a birth position during the second stage of labour, and women’s subjective satisfaction with childbirth.

Methods
We performed a cross-sectional survey of women 8 or 12 months after a vaginal birth in a hospital. The women were recruited via two cooperating health insurance companies. Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the strength of the association between birthing position and maternal satisfaction with childbirth, with a particular focus on interactions with self-determination.

Results
In total, the data from 761 women were analysed. The supine position was the most frequently reported birthing position in the second stage of labour at 77.5%. Notably, 39.0% and 30.5% of the women who gave birth in the dorsal and lateral supine positions, respectively, stated that the birth position was not chosen voluntarily. The regression models show a significant negative association between supine birthing position and satisfaction with childbirth, which is significantly related to self-determination. The most common reason for the adoption of a specific birthing position was instructions from medical staff.

Discussion
The data provide insight into the perceived satisfaction with childbirth depending on the birthing position, whereby the relevance of self-determination is particularly evident. At the same time, self-determination is often not given, which is associated with reduced birth satisfaction.
XNLP-Completeness for Parameterized Problems on Graphs with a Linear Structure
Authors: Bodlaender Hans L. , Groenland Carla , Jacob Hugo , Jaffke Lars , Lima Paloma T. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we showcase the class XNLP as a natural place for many hard problems parameterized by linear width measures. This strengthens existing W[1]-hardness proofs for these problems, since XNLP-hardness implies W[t]-hardness for all t. It also indicates, via a conjecture by Pilipczuk and Wrochna (ACM Trans Comput Theory 9:1–36, 2018), that any XP algorithm for such problems is likely to require XP space. In particular, we show XNLP-completeness for natural problems parameterized by pathwidth, linear clique-width, and linear mim-width. The problems we consider are Independent Set, Dominating Set, Odd Cycle Transversal, (
q
-)Coloring, Max Cut, Maximum Regular Induced Subgraph, Feedback Vertex Set, Capacitated (Red-Blue) Dominating Set, Capacitated Vertex Cover and Bipartite Bandwidth.
A meningoencephalitis outbreak associated with echovirus type 18 (E18) in south-western Hungary in mid-2023
Authors: Takáts Károly , Balázs Benigna , Boros Ákos , Sipos Dávid , Péterfi Zoltán , Harmat Márk , Varga Dávid , Zengő-Bedő Zita , Pankovics Péter , Reuter Gábor 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEchovirus type 18 (E18) is a member of the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of E18 infections in hospitalized adults with meningoencephalitis that occurred during an unusual epidemic in south-western Hungary in mid-2023. Five (6.1%) out of 82 cerebrospinal fluid specimens that were tested were positive for an enterovirus, four of which were E18 (OR372160 and PP861087-PP861090). Headache (100%), fever (75%), retrobulbar pain (50%), nausea (50%), joint/limb pain (50%), exanthema, photophobia, and vomiting were the most common symptoms. Sequence analysis showed that these viruses were related to unpublished emerging E18 strains from France (2022/2023) and China (2019/2020). Further study is necessary to monitor the circulation of epidemic/pandemic E18 variants over time.