bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dog characteristics and future risk of asthma in children growing up with dogs
Authors: Fall Tove , Ekberg Sara , Lundholm Cecilia , Fang Fang , Almqvist Catarina 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThere is observational evidence that children exposed to dogs in early life are at lower risk of asthma. It is unknown whether this association is modified by dog characteristics such as sex, breed, number of dogs, and dog size. The aim of this study was to determine whether different dog characteristics modify the risk of asthma among children exposed to dogs during their first year of life. In the main analysis, we used national register data for all children born in Sweden from Jan 1st 2001 to Dec 31st 2004 with a registered dog in the household during their first year of life (n = 23,585). We used logistic regression models to study the association between dog characteristics and the risk of asthma or allergy diagnosis and medication at age six. The prevalence of asthma at age six was 5.4%. Children exposed to female dogs had lower risk of asthma compared to those exposed to male dogs, odds ratio, OR = 0.84 (95% confidence interval, CI 0.74 to 0.95). Children with two dogs or more had lower risk of asthma than those with one dog only, OR = 0.79 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.95). Children whose parents had asthma and allergy had a higher frequency of exposure to dog breeds anecdotally described as “hypoallergenic” compared to those parents without asthma or allergy (11.7% vs 7.6%, p < 0.001). Exposure to these breeds were associated with higher risk of allergy OR = 1.27 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.59) but not asthma. In conclusion, we found evidence of an association between the sex of dog and the number of dogs with a lower risk of childhood asthma in dog-exposed children.
Yield trends, variability and stagnation analysis of major crops in France over more than a century
Authors: Schauberger Bernhard , Ben-Ari Tamara , Makowski David , Kato Tomomichi , Kato Hiromi , Ciais Philippe 
Published: November 2018

AbstractFrance is a major crop producer, with a production share of approx. 20% within the European Union. Yet, a discussion has recently started whether French yields are stagnating. While for wheat previous results are unanimously pointing to recent stagnation, there is contradictory evidence for maize and few to no results for other crops. Here we analyse a data set with more than 120,000 yield observations from 1900 to 2016 for ten crops (barley, durum and soft wheat, maize, oats, potatoes, rapeseed, sugar beet, sunflower and wine) in the 96 mainland French départements (NUTS3 administrative division). We dissect the evolution of yield trends over time and space, analyse yield variation and evaluate whether growth of yields has stalled in recent years. Yields have, on average across crops, multiplied four-fold over the course of the 20th century. While absolute yield variability has increased, the variation relative to the mean has halved – mean yields have increased faster than their variability. But growth of yields has stagnated since the 1990’s for winter wheat, barley, oats, durum wheat, sunflower and wine on at least 25% of their areas. Reaching yield potentials is unlikely as a cause for stagnation. Maize, in contrast, shows no evidence for stagnation.
Sigma-2 Receptor/TMEM97 and PGRMC-1 Increase the Rate of Internalization of LDL by LDL Receptor through the Formation of a Ternary Complex
Authors: Riad Aladdin , Zeng Chenbo , Weng Chi-Chang , Winters Harrison , Xu Kuiying , Makvandi Mehran , Metz Tyler , Carlin Sean , Mach Robert H. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractCRISPR/Cas gene studies were conducted in HeLa cells where either PGRMC1, TMEM97 or both proteins were removed via gene editing. A series of radioligand binding studies, confocal microscopy studies, and internalization of radiolabeled or fluorescently tagged LDL particles were then conducted in these cells. The results indicate that PGRMC1 knockout (KO) did not reduce the density of binding sites for the sigma-2 receptor (σ2R) radioligands, [125I]RHM-4 or [3H]DTG, but a reduction in the receptor affinity of both radioligands was observed. TMEM97 KO resulted in a complete loss of binding of [125I]RHM-4 and a significant reduction in binding of [3H]DTG. TMEM97 KO and PGRMC1 KO resulted in an equal reduction in the rate of uptake of fluorescently-tagged or 3H-labeled LDL, and knocking out both proteins did not result in a further rate of reduction of LDL uptake. Confocal microscopy and Proximity Ligation Assay studies indicated a clear co-localization of LDLR, PGRMC1 and TMEM97. These data indicate that the formation of a ternary complex of LDLR-PGRMC1-TMEM97 is necessary for the rapid internalization of LDL by LDLR.
Biocatalytic methylation and demethylation via a shuttle catalysis concept involving corrinoid proteins
Authors: Farnberger Judith E. , Richter Nina , Hiebler Katharina , Bierbaumer Sarah , Pickl Mathias , Skibar Wolfgang , Zepeck Ferdinand , Kroutil Wolfgang 
Published: November 2018

AbstractSynthetically established methods for methylation of phenols and demethylation of methyl phenyl ethers rely in general on hazardous reagents or/and harsh reaction conditions and are irreversible. Consequently, alternative regioselective methods for the reversible formation and breakage of C-O-ether bonds to be performed under mild and sustainable conditions are highly desired. Here we present a biocatalytic shuttle concept making use of corrinoid-dependent methyl transferases from anaerobic bacteria. The two-component enzymatic system consists of a corrinoid protein carrying the cofactor and acting as methyl group shuttle, and a methyltransferase catalyzing both methylation and demethylation in a reversible fashion. Various phenyl methyl ethers are successfully demethylated and serve in addition as sustainable methylating agents for the functionalization of various substituted catechols. Therefore, this methyl transfer approach represents a promising alternative to common chemical protocols and a valuable add-on for the toolbox of available biocatalysts.
BRITE photometry of the massive post-RLOF system HD149 404
Authors: Rauw G. , Pigulski A. , Nazé Y. , David-Uraz A. , Handler G. , Raucq F. , Gosset E. , Moffat A. F. J. , Neiner C. , Pablo H. , Popowicz A. , Rucinski S. M. , Wade G. A. , Weiss W. , Zwintz K. 
Published: November 2018

Context. HD 149 404 is an evolved non-eclipsing O-star binary that has previously undergone a Roche lobe overflow interaction.
Aims. Understanding some key properties of the system requires a determination of the orbital inclination and of the dimensions of the components.
Methods. The BRITE-Heweliusz satellite was used to collect photometric data of HD 149 404. Additional photometry was retrieved from the SMEI archive. These data were analysed using a suite of period search tools. The orbital part of the lightcurve was modelled with the nightfall binary star code. The Gaia-DR2 parallax of HD 149 404 was used to provide additional constraints.
Results. The periodograms reveal a clear orbital modulation of the lightcurve with a peak-to-peak amplitude near 0.04 mag. The remaining non-orbital part of the variability is consistent with red noise. The lightcurve folded with the orbital period reveals ellipsoidal variations, but no eclipses. The minimum when the secondary star is in inferior conjunction is deeper than the other minimum due to mutual reflection effects between the stars. Combined with the Gaia-DR2 parallaxes, the photometric data indicate an orbital inclination in the range of 23°–31° and a Roche lobe filling factor of the secondary larger than or equal to 0.96.
Conclusions. The luminosity of the primary star is consistent with its present-day mass, whereas the more evolved secondary appears overluminous for its mass. We confirm that the primary’s rotation period is about half the orbital period. Both features most probably stem from the past Roche lobe overflow episode.
Reliable real-time Polar Cap (PC) indices for space weather monitoring and forecasts
Authors: Stauning Peter 
Published: November 2018

The Polar Cap (PC) indices were approved by the International Association for Geomagnetism and Aeromony (IAGA) by Resolution No. 3 (2013) noting that “IAGA … recommends use of the PC index by the international scientific community in its near-real time and definitive forms”. PC indices were made available in 2014 at the web portal http://pcindex.org holding near-real time as well as final index values. The near-real time PC index values are not permanently available. However, analyses of indices on basis of occasional downloads have detected differences between near-real time and final PC indices of up to 3.65 mV/m (Stauning, 2018b, Ann Geophys, 36, 621–631). At such differences, one or the other index may indicate (or hide) strong geomagnetic activity without justification in the actual conditions. The present work has disclosed the cause of observed large differences between real-time and final PC index values in the IAGA-endorsed versions. In addition, anticipated differences are derived on a general basis from the available basic magnetic data by using the index calculation procedures and calibration constants provided by the PC index suppliers. It is shown that corresponding or even larger anomalies are expected to be common during moderate to strong magnetic activity where the near-real time PC indices might otherwise prove very useful for space weather monitoring, e.g., for power grid protection. An alternative real-time PC index derivation scheme described here reduces the excessive differences between real-time and final PC index values by an order of magnitude.
Wirbelsäulenverletzungen im Kindesalter – Konzepte zu Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Kreinest Michael , Vetter Sven , Grützner Paul , Wendl Klaus , Matschke Stefan 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungNur 5 – 10% aller Wirbelsäulenverletzungen betreffen Kinder. Über 90% dieser Kinder mit einer Verletzung der Wirbelsäule haben ihr 16. Lebensjahr bereits erreicht. Bei Kindern unter dem 10. Lebensjahr ist am häufigsten die Halswirbelsäule betroffen. Zwischen 12 und 27% der Kinder mit einer Verletzung der Wirbelsäule haben begleitende neurologische Defizite bis hin zur kompletten Querschnittsymptomatik. Sowohl für die Diagnostik als auch für die Therapie von Verletzungen der Wirbelsäule im Kindesalter sind Kenntnisse über die Ossifikation der Wirbelkörper sowie über weitere anatomische und biomechanische Besonderheiten der heranwachsenden Wirbelsäule erforderlich. Neben der klinischen und neurologischen Untersuchung erfolgt die Diagnostik hauptsächlich mittels Röntgen und kernspintomografischer Bildgebung. Für die Frakturen der Wirbelsäule im Kindesalter existieren spezielle Klassifikationssysteme. Im Vergleich zum Erwachsenen ist bei Kindern mit Verletzungen der Wirbelsäule häufiger eine konservative Therapie möglich. Alle stabilen Frakturen sowie die typischen Verletzungen der Endplatten können prinzipiell funktionell nachbehandelt werden. Auch Verletzungen, die eine geringgradige Veränderung des physiologischen Alignments verursachen, können oftmals noch konservativ therapiert werden. An der Halswirbelsäule wird die Indikation zur Stabilisierung vor allem bei deutlich gestörtem zervikalen Alignment gestellt. Oftmals erfolgt die Therapie im Halofixateur. Alternativ kann die Stabilisierung mittels Fixateur interne oder direkter Verschraubung erfolgen. Bei Verletzungen der Brust- und Lendenwirbelsäule wird eine operative Therapie empfohlen, wenn sich eine posttraumatische Segmentkyphose von über 20° ausbildet. Nach Reposition erfolgt hier meist die dorsale Instrumentierung. Generell zeigen Kinder mit Verletzungen der Wirbelsäule ein gutes Outcome.
Distale Humerusfrakturen beim Kind
Authors: Nuber Stefan , Plath Johannes , Förch Stefan , Mayr Edgar 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungFrakturen des distalen Humerus sind die häufigsten Verletzungen am kindlichen Oberarm. Im überwiegenden Teil handelt es sich hierbei um eine suprakondyläre Humerusfraktur. Prinzipiell muss man diese rein metaphysären Frakturen und die ebenfalls extraartikulär liegenden Frakturen im epikondylären Bereich von den intraartikulären Frakturen im kondylären Bereich bez. der Behandlungsstrategie und der Prognose unterscheiden. Die Wachstumspotenz und damit das Korrekturpotenzial sind am distalen Humerus selbst bei sehr jungen Kindern gering, dies muss daher bei der Behandlungsstrategie beachtet werden. Undislozierte und stabile Frakturen können immer konservativ behandelt werden. Ziel der operativen Therapie bei den dislozierten und instabilen Frakturen ist die anatomische Reposition und wenn möglich bewegungsstabile Frakturfixation, wobei Osteosynthesen mittels K-Drähten einer zusätzlichen Ruhigstellung bedürfen. Bei Beachtung der grundlegenden therapeutischen Prinzipien kommt es in aller Regel zu exzellenten funktionellen Ergebnissen. Durch übersehene Fehlstellungen oder unzureichend reponierte Frakturen können selten durch Pseudarthrosenbildung, häufiger durch Wachstumsstörungen vor allem kosmetisch störende Fehlstellungen (Cubitus valgus oder varus), aber auch Bewegungseinschränkungen, Schmerzen und Nervenirritationen resultieren, die das Outcome dieser Verletzungen deutlich verschlechtern.
Traumatologie des Gesichtsschädels im Kindesalter
Authors: Freudlsperger Christian , Hoffmann Jürgen , Ristow Oliver 
Published: November 2018

ZusammenfassungFrakturen des Gesichtsschädels sind im Kindesalter aufgrund anatomischer Besonderheiten und unterschiedlicher Kausalitäten deutlich seltener als im Erwachsenenalter. Die Versorgung von sich im Wachstum befindlichen Gesichtsschädelknochen stellt den behandelnden Arzt oft vor eine große Herausforderung und setzt eine genaue Kenntnis der kindlichen Anatomie voraus. Oft bleiben mögliche spätere Wachstumsstörungen aufgrund des initialen Traumas, aber auch durch den chirurgischen Eingriff selbst schwer abzuschätzen. Kleine Patientenkollektive und die Notwendigkeit langfristiger Nachuntersuchungen erschweren zusätzlich evidenzbasierte Aussagen.
Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei alkoholabhängigen Patienten zu Beginn stationärer Behandlung
Authors: Vollmer Heinz , Domma Julia 
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Inwiefern unterscheiden sich alkoholabhängige Frauen und Männer zu Beginn einer stationären Behandlung.
Methode Naturalistische Feldstudie, in der retrospektiv mittels Chi2-Test, Mann-Whitney-U-Test, Kruskal-Wallis-Test und 3-faktorieller Varianzanalyse Unterschiede zwischen Patientenmerkmalen der Frauen (N=1040) und Männer (N=1570) analysiert wurden.
Ergebnisse Die Männer waren häufiger ledig und arbeitslos, hatten eine bessere Schulbildung, waren im Interaktionsstil eher dominant und konkurrierend. Die Frauen hatten häufiger eine Posttraumatische Belastungs- und eine Essstörung, waren eher nachgiebig und fürsorglich und nur im höheren Alter häufiger depressiv als die Männer. Besonders jüngere Frauen tranken Alkohol bei unangenehmen Gefühlen und körperlichen Beschwerden. Die jüngeren Männer tranken eher Alkohol in Gesellschaft und bei angenehmen Gefühlen. Die motivationale Inkongruenz war bei den Frauen insgesamt stärker ausgeprägt. Das Leben zu genießen und Selbstvertrauen zu gewinnen waren für die Frauen wichtige motivierende Teilziele der Abstinenz.
Schlussfolgerungen In ihrer Kombination erlauben die Ergebnisse die Interpretation, dass sich alkoholabhängige Frauen im Vergleich zu alkoholabhängigen Männern in einer schwierigeren sozio-ökonomischen Situation befinden, dass sie selbstunsicherer sind und wahrscheinlich eine höhere auf positive Ziele orientierte Therapiemotivation haben. Eine Beschränkung auf geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede reicht für eine genderspezifische Forschung und Behandlung nicht aus. Lebensrelevante Merkmale wie Alter, Partner- und Arbeitssituation sollten bei der genderspezifischen Forschung und Therapieplanung berücksichtigt werden.
Remote optimization of an ultracold atoms experiment by experts and citizen scientists
Authors: Heck Robert , Vuculescu Oana , Sørensen Jens Jakob , Zoller Jonathan , Andreasen Morten G. , Bason Mark G. , Ejlertsen Poul , Elíasson Ottó , Haikka Pinja , Laustsen Jens S. , Nielsen Lærke L. , Mao Andrew , Müller Romain , Napolitano Mario , Pedersen Mads K. , Thorsen Aske R. , Bergenholtz Carsten , Calarco Tommaso , Montangero Simone , Sherson Jacob F. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
The emerging field of gamified citizen science continually probes the fault line between human and artificial intelligence. A better understanding of citizen scientists’ search strategies may lead to cognitive insights and provide inspiration for algorithmic improvements. Our project remotely engages both the general public and experts in the real-time optimization of an experimental laboratory setting. In this citizen science project the game and data acquisition are designed as a social science experiment aimed at extracting the collective search behavior of the players. A further understanding of these human skills will be a crucial challenge in the coming years, as hybrid intelligence solutions are pursued in corporate and research environments.
Themis-associated phosphatase activity controls signaling in T cell development
Authors: Mehta Monika , Brzostek Joanna , Chen Elijah W. , Tung Desmond W. H. , Chen Shuting , Sankaran Shvetha , Yap Jiawei , Rybakin Vasily , Gascoigne Nicholas R. J. 
Published: November 2018

Significance
Thymocyte-expressed molecule involved in selection (Themis) regulates T cell selection. Absence of Themis leads to severely reduced numbers of CD4 and CD8 T cells, indicating a defect in T cell selection. The molecular mechanism of Themis involvement is not clear. Themis was shown to bind to Src-homology domain containing phosphatase-1 (Shp1), which is a known negative regulator of T cell receptor signaling. Here, using a very sensitive technique to measure phosphatase activity from immunoprecipitated proteins, we find that Themis positively regulates Shp1 phosphatase activity in thymocytes. Shp1 activity is reduced in the absence of Themis, thus providing an explanation for why Themis-deficient thymocytes respond more strongly to positive-selecting ligands, resulting in fewer thymocytes reaching maturity.
Mapping the spread of the English language in India
Authors: Muru Cristina 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article aims to offer, within an intra- and interdisciplinary approach, a further analysis of the formal and informal contexts
in which the English language was used in India during the British colonisation, highlighting the favourable conditions these
contexts created for the formation of pidginised varieties of English, such as Butler Pidgin English or Boxwāllā(h) Pidgin English
(Kachru 1994). Substantial elements of a wider picture of social, cultural,
political and commercial contact have been taken into account along with the analysis of old written sources. Indeed, both
official records of the East Indian Company (e.g. dispatches about political strategies and language policy) and merchants’
correspondence have been studied in order to understand how we can say something about oral communication through written sources
(Rambø 2013).
Pidgin as a counterlanguage
Authors: Bizri Fida 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA close-up on the linguistic interactive scene between Arab employers and Asian migrants communicating today in Asian Migrant Pidgin Arabic shows that migrant talk and native Arabs’ foreigner talk are different but interdependent. Here, it appears that the interactants are constantly navigating across one of two continua which sometimes meet and overlap. Arabic Foreigner Talk is further analysed from the perspective of the linguistic strategies deployed by Arabs to exert power over the migrants: self-facilitating, excluding, and mocking strategies. However, from a tool of communication and/or exclusion, the pidgin is also becoming one of transgression used by both Arabs and the migrants to oppose their respective hegemonic cultures – that of the masters for the migrants, that of religion for the Arabs.
Language of empire, language of power
Authors: Versteegh Kees 
Published: November 2018

AbstractHow do people in a position of power address those under their control? Do they impose their own language, possibly in a reduced version? Do they adopt a simple form of the language of the people they control? Do they employ a lingua franca that is commonly used in the region? Recent research usually focuses on the linguistic strategies the new speakers apply to the input. Much less information is available about the input itself. The contributions to the present issue deal with the linguistic strategies and policies used by those in power to facilitate communication with those under their control, as well as the modifications they apply to their speech. The contributions deal with the input in several work- or trade-related varieties, such as Français tirailleur, Garden Herero, Pidgin Madame, Butler English, Lingua da preto, Dienstmaleisch, Kyakhta Pidgin, and the role they played in colonial societies.
Cleft sentences in the history of French and English
Authors: Trips Carola , Stein Achim 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This paper addresses the question of whether certain types of cleft constructions found in earlier stages of English can be interpreted as instances of pragmatic borrowing from French. According to Prince (1988) this type of borrowing can be assumed if (i) a syntactic form in the recipient language is construed in an analogous fashion to a syntactic form in the source language; (ii) the discourse functions of the syntactic form in the source language are borrowed and associated with the syntactic form in the recipient language. Based on a corpus study of Anglo-French (AF) and Middle English (ME) we will show that both languages exhibited a number of different types of cleft constructions some of which seem to have had similar, and some seem to have had different functions. By identifying the nature of clefts in AF as being ambiguous between clefts and predicative constructions, we will discuss in how far this ambiguity could be seen as an accelerating factor of contact-induced change leading to pragmatic borrowing into ME.
Annotation of interpreters’ conversation management problems and strategies in a corpus of criminal proceedings in
Spain
Authors: Arumí Marta , Vargas-Urpi Mireia 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This article reviews the design and methodology developed for compiling and analyzing corpora that can inform corpus-based studies
involving public service interpreting discourses. The corpus was transcribed and annotated using the EXMARaLDA software tools designed for
working with oral corpora. The annotation system accounts for Wadensjö’s (1998) distinction
between “talk-as-text” and “talk-as-activity” in order to classify interpreters’ various problems when working in criminal proceedings and
the strategies they adopt in response. The article provides the results of an analysis of a pilot sample of 20 criminal proceedings,
focusing on non-renditions and distinguishing between those that are “justified” and those that are “unjustified.” The article then
discusses these preliminary results as part of the ongoing project.