bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Small RNA-seq analysis of exosomes from porcine uterine luminal fluid during peri-implantation
Authors: Hua Renwu , Wang Yueying , Lian Weisi , Li Wenchao , Xi Yu , Xue Songyi , Kang Tingting , Lei Minggang 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The exosomes of uterine luminal fluid (ULF) mediate intrauterine communication between conceptus and uterus in pigs. The small RNAs of ULF exosomes are widely recognized as important factors that influence embryonic implantation in humans, mice, cattle and sheep. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that small RNAs of ULF exosomes are essential for implantation in pigs. Results Cup-shaped exosomes (diameters: 40–160 nm) of porcine ULF were isolated and characterized, and then PKH67 stained exosomes were taken up by endometrial epithelial cells and porcine trophectoderm cells. The expression of small RNAs in these exosomes on days 10 (D10), 13 (D13) and 18 (D18) of pregnancy was comprehensively profiled through sequencing. From nine libraries, a total of 152 known microRNAs (miRNAs), 43 novel miRNAs and 145 novel Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were identified. Among these small RNAs, ssc-miR-21-5p, ssc-let-7a, ssc-let-7i-5p and ssc-let-7g were differentially and highly expressed during the three stages. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis suggested that the expression profiles of small RNAs in D13 group were different from those in D10 and D18 groups. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the miRNAs differentially expressed in the comparisons between D10 and D13, D13 and D18, and D10 and D18 groups were involved in important molecular functions and pathways such as “G-protein coupled receptor activity” and “Insulin signaling pathway”. Conclusions Our results reveal that porcine ULF exosomes contain various small RNAs with potentially vital effects on implantation. This research also provides resources for studies of miRNAs and piRNAs in the cross-talk between embryo and endometrium.
Palliative home parenteral nutrition in patients with ovarian cancer and malignant bowel obstruction: experiences of women and family caregivers.
Authors: Sowerbutts Anne Marie , Lal Simon , Sremanak Jana , Clamp Andrew , Jayson Gordon C. , Teubner Antje , Hardy Lisa , Todd Chris , Raftery Anne-Marie , Sutton Eileen , Morgan Robert D. , Vickers Alexander J. , Burden Sorrel 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
ABSTRACT Background Malnutrition is a problem is advanced cancer, particularly ovarian cancer where malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) is a frequent complication. Parenteral nutrition is the only way these patients can received adequate nutrition and is a principal indication for palliative home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Giving HPN is contentious as it may increase the burden on patients. This study investigates patients’ and family caregivers’ experiences of HPN, alongside nutritional status and survival in patients with ovarian cancer and MBO. Methods This mixed methods study collected data on participant characteristics, clinical details and body composition using computed tomography combined with longitudinal in-depth interviews underpinned by phenomenological principles. The cohort comprised 38 women with ovarian cancer and inoperable MBO admitted (10/2016 to 12/ 2017) to a tertiary referral hospital. Longitudinal interviews (n=57) were carried out with 20 women considered for HPN and 15 of their family caregivers. Results Of the 38 women, 32 received parenteral nutrition (PN) in hospital and 17 were discharged on HPN. Nutritional status was poor with 31 of 33 women who had a CT scan having low muscle mass, although 10 were obese. Median overall survival from admission with MBO for all 38 women was 70 days (range 8 - 506) and for those 17 on HPN was 156 days (range 46 – 506). Women experienced HPN as one facet of their illness, but viewed it as a “lifeline” that allowed them to live outside hospital Nevertheless, HPN treatment came with losses including erosion of normality through an impact on activities of daily living and dealing with the bureaucracy surrounding the process. Family caregivers coped but were often left in an emotionally vulnerable state. Conclusions: Women and family caregivers reported that the inconvenience and disruption caused by HPN was worth the extended time they had at home.
Improving management of glycaemic control in people with T2DM in Primary Care: estimation of the impact on the clinical complications and associated costs
Authors: Mata-Cases Manel , Mahon James , Mauricio Didac , Franch-Nadal Josep , Real Jordi , Hex Nick 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Aim To estimate the potential benefits in terms of avoided complications and cost reduction if the Spanish health system would encourage the intensification of treatment for better glycaemic control in adults with Type 2 diabetes from the current HbA1c target used in clinical practice of 68 mmol/mol to a target of 53 mmol/mol. Methods The IQVIA Core Diabetes Model (version 9.0) was used to model the impact of these changes in respect of micro- and macrovascular complications and the associated costs. The modelling was based on data derived from the SIDIAP-Q population database from Catalonia, taking a random cohort of 10,000 people with type 2 diabetes and dividing it into sub-groups based on their basal HbA1c. Results The CDM modelling showed that the average cost reduction per person varies depending on basal HbA1c. The model estimates that after 25 years, people with a basal HbA1c between 48 and 58 mmol/mol and >75 mmol/mol show an average cost reduction of €6,027 and €11,966, respectively. Applying the per-person cost reduction to the cohorts of the prevalent population in Spain (1,910,374) the overall estimated cost reduction was €14.7 billion over 25 years. The improvements in outcomes resulted in an estimated reduction of more than 1.2 million complications cumulatively over 25 years, of which more than 550,000 relate to diabetic foot and more than 170,000 related to renal disease. Conclusion Over a 25 year period, Spain could considerably reduce costs and avoid major complications if, on a population level, more ambitious glycaemic control, according to Spanish or EU guidelines, could be achieved among people with type 2 diabetes by reducing the HbA1c threshold for treatment intensification. Although there is a slower trajectory for benefits in earlier years, there is a much more rapid benefit gain between years 5 and 15.
The Effect of Distraction Techniques on Pain and Stress during Labor: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Amiri Paria , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Esmaeilpour Khalil , Kamalifard Mahin , Ivanbagha Reyhaneh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Pain control and the stress associated with labor and delivery are among the most important issues of health care system. Use of distraction techniques during childbirth is reported to reduce pain and stress of labor. However, there is a limited publication that looked on the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of distraction techniques on labor pain and stress (primary outcomes), fear of childbirth, length of delivery stages, first minute Apgar score and oxytocin consumption (secondary outcomes).
Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 68 pregnant women. Participants were allocated into two groups (intervention and control groups) by blocked randomization. Participants in the intervention group received distraction techniques in four sessions. Questionnaires of Fear of Childbirth (W-DEQ version A) and PSS once were completed before intervention and again at the 36th week for the W-DEQ and in the active phase for the PSS through interviews. The pain was assessed through VAS during active phase per hour. The length of delivery stages was recorded in the partograph chart. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and ANCOVA .
Results: The mean of perceived stress during labor in the intervention group was significantly less than that of the control group (AMD: -3.2; 95% CI: -0.8 to -6.0; P= 0.01). The mean (SD) of pain intensity during labor was less than in the intervention and control groups compare to the control group (6.2 vs 7.5; P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of fear of childbirth score (AMD: 5.3; 95% CI: 13.0 to -6.0; P= -2.3). Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the active phase of labor (P= 0.504), second stage of delivery (P= 0.928), total length of delivery (P= 0.520), Apgar score (P= 1.000) and frequency of oxytocin consumption (P= 0.622).
Conclusion: According to the results, distraction techniques can reduce the pain and stress of labor, but further studies by using the distraction techniques are needed to reach a decisive conclusion .
DNA methylomes and transcriptomes analysis reveal implication of host DNA methylation machinery in BmNPV proliferation in Bombyx mori
Authors: Huang Haoling , Wu Ping , Zhang Shaolun , Shang Qi , Yin Haotong , Hou Qirui , Zhong Jinbo , Guo Xijie 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) is a major pathogen that threatens the sustainability of the sericultural industry. DNA methylation is a widespread gene regulation mode in epigenetics, which plays an important role in host immune response. Until now, little has been known about epigenetic regulation on virus diseases in insects. This study aims to explore the role of DNA methylation in BmNPV proliferation.Results

Inhibiting DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity of silkworm can suppress BmNPV replication. The integrated analysis of transcriptomes and DNA methylomes in silkworm midguts infected with or without BmNPV showed that both the expression pattern of transcriptome and DNA methylation pattern are changed significantly upon BmNPV infection. A total of 291 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were observed in BmNPV infected midguts, among which, 126 genes were hypermethylated and 115 genes were hypomethylated. Significant differences in both mRNA transcript level and DNA methylated levels were found in 26 genes. BS-PCR validated the hypermethylation of BGIBMGA014008 , a structural maintenance of chromosomes protein gene in the BmNPV-infected midgut. In addition, DNMT inhibition reduced the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis family genes, iap1 from BmNPV, Bmiap2, BmSurvivin1 and BmSurvivin2 .Conclusion

Our results indicate that DNA methylation plays positive roles in BmNPV proliferation and loss of DNMT activity could induce the apoptosis of infected cells to suppress BmNPV proliferation. Our results may provide a new idea and research direction for the molecular mechanism on insect-virus interaction.
Incidence Trend of Breast Cancer and its Risk Factors in Women of Eastern Mediterranean Region Countries between 1998 and 2018: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zahedi Razieh , Vardanjani Hossein Molavi , Baneshi Mohammad Reza , Haghdoost Ali Akbar , Afshar Reza Malekpour , Sarabi Roghayeh Ershad , Tavakoli Ftemeh , zolala farzaneh 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study was conducted to provide evidence on the current status of breast cancer (BC) and its incidence trend in EMR during 1998-2018. Also, this study aimed to investigate the association between the incidence of BC and HDI and some factors related to this index, including total fertility rate (TFR), and obesity, using a meta-analysis.
Method
Data on incidence of BC were collected from various sources, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and WHO, from 1998 to 2018 using systematic review and meta-analysis. Pooled ASR (age standardized rate) was calculated based on study duration and quality of data using a subgroup analysis and random effect meta-analysis.
Results
A total of 76 studies (499 data points) were analyzed. Pooled ASR of BC for EMR was 39.8 per 100 000 person-year (95% confidence interval [CI], 36.01, 43.9) during 2011-2018. ASR of BC had an upward trend in EMR from 2005 to 2018. However, the increasing trend was found to be slightly different in various regions based on quality of data. Moreover, pooled ASR had a significant association with Human Development Index (HDI) [-6.6 (95% CI, -8.9, -4.3)] and obesity [0.1 (95% CI, 0.07, 0.1)].
Conclusion
Pooled ASR of BC in EMR was lower than the global average. Also, the ASR value and its incremental trend have been higher in countries with low-quality data than in other countries of this region in recent years. Data quality or physiological factors, such as increase in obesity rates, could be the reasons for this incremental trend.
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) HpLRR genes in response to Neoscytalidium dimidiatuminfection
Authors: Xu Min , Liu Cheng-Li , Fu Yu , Liao Zhi-Wen , Guo Pan-Yang , Xiong Rui , Cheng Yu , Wei Shuang-Shuang , Huang Jia-Quan , Tang Hua 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Canker disease caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is a devastating disease resulting in a major loss to the pitaya industry. However, resistance proteins in plants play crucial roles to against pathogen infection. Among resistance proteins, the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) proteins are a major family that play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses, especially in disease defence. Results: In the present study, a transcriptomics analysis identified a total of 272 LRR genes, 233 of which had coding sequences (CDSs), in the plant pitaya ( Hylocereus polyrhizus )in response to fungal Neoscytalidium dimidiatum infection. These genes were divided into various subgroups based on specific domains and phylogenetic analysis. Molecular characterization, functional annotation of proteins, and an expression analysis of the LRR genes were conducted. Additionally, four LRR genes (CL445.Contig4_All, Unigene28_All, CL28.Contig2_All, and Unigene2712_All, which were selected because they had the four longest CDSs were further assessed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) at different fungal infection stages in different pitaya species ( Hylocereus polyrhizus and Hylocereus undatus ), in different pitaya tissues, and after treatment with salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and abscisic acid (ABA) hormones. The associated protein functions and roles in signaling pathways were identified. Conclusions: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the Hp LRR family genes at transcriptional level in pitaya in response to N. dimidiatum infection and provides a basis for further in-depth functional studies.
Forecasting the 2017/2018 seasonal influenza epidemic in England using multiple dynamic transmission models: a Case Study
Authors: Birrell Paul , Zhang Xu-Sheng , Corbella Alice , Leeuwen Edwin van , Panagiotopoulos Nikolaos , Hoschler Katja , Elliot Alex J , McGee Maryia , de Lusignan Simon , Presanis Anne M , Baguelin Marc , Zambon Maria , Charlett André , Pebody Richard G , De Angelis Daniela 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Since the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic, the UK has a suite of real-time statistical models utilising enhanced pandemic surveillance data to nowcast and forecast a future pandemic. Their ability to track seasonal influenza and predict heightened winter healthcare burden in the light of high activity in Australia in 2017 was untested. Methods: Four transmission models were used in forecasting the 2017/2018 seasonal influenza epidemic in England: a stratified primary care model using daily, region-specific, counts and virological swab positivity of influenza-like illness consultations in general practice (GP); a strain-specific (SS) model using weekly, national GP ILI and virological data; an intensive care model (ICU) using reports of ICU influenza admissions; a synthesis model that included all data sources. For the first 12 weeks of 2018, each model was applied to the latest data to provide estimates of epidemic parameters and short-term influenza forecasts. The added value of pre-season population susceptibility data was explored. Results: Estimates of disease spread were consistent over time and across models. The combined results provided valuable nowcasts of the state of the epidemic. Short-term predictions of burden on primary and secondary health services were initially highly variable before reaching consensus beyond the observed peaks in activity between weeks 3–4 of 2018. Estimates and predictions varied according to pre-season immunity levels. Conclusions: This exercise successfully applied a range of pandemic models to seasonal influenza. Forecasting early in the season remains challenging but represents a crucially important activity to inform planning. Improved knowledge of pre-existing levels of immunity would be valuable.
Contextual and individual determinants of tooth loss in adults: population-based multilevel study
Authors: Roberto Luana Leal , Silveira Marise Fagundes , De Paula Alfredo Mauricio Batista , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira , Martins Andréa Maria Eleutério De Barros Lima , Haikal Desirée Sant'Ana 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background: Tooth loss represents a known marker of health inequality. The association between tooth loss and unfavorable socioeconomic conditions is evident when analyzed at an individual level. However, the effects of contextual characteristics on tooth loss need to be better investigated and understood. The objective of this study was to analyze tooth loss among Brazilian adults (35-44 years of age), in accordance with individual and contextual social characteristics. Methods: This was a multilevel cross-sectional study with data from 8,837 adult participants from the National Oral Health Survey - SBBrasil 2010. The dependent variable was the number of lost teeth and the independent variables were grouped according to the theoretical model of Watt & Sheiham (2012). Negative Multilevel Hierarchical Binomial Regression was conducted and the Mean Ratio (MR) was estimated. Results: Brazilian adults lost a mean of 7.31 (95% CI 6.9-7.8) teeth. Among the contextual variables, the number of teeth lost was lower among residents of municipalities with higher Municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), and was higher in municipalities that did not have public water fluoridation. Among the individual variables, dental loss was higher among those who declared themselves yellow/black/brown/indigenous, were older, who reported pain, who had not used dental services for more than a year and those whose reason for the consultation was due to oral health problems. On the other hand, dental loss was lower among adults with higher education levels, higher income and males. Conclusions: The number of missing teeth was associated with unfavorable contextual and individual conditions, which reinforces the need to reduce social inequality and guarantee regular, lifetime access to dental services.
Comprehensive analysis on phenotype and genetic basis of Chinese Fanconi anemia patients: dismal outcomes call for nationwide studies
Authors: Nie Daijing , Zhang Jing , Wang Fang , Zhang Wei , Liu Lili , Chen Xue , Zhang Yang , Cao Panxiang , Xiong Min , Wang Tong , Wu Ping , Ma Xiaoli , Tian Wenjun , Wang Mangju , Chen Kylan N. , Liu Hongxing 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background Fanconi anemia (FA) is the most common inherited bone marrow failure (BMF) syndrome with 22 related genes identified. The ALDH2 rs671variant has been proved related to accelerated progression of BMF in FA patients. The phenotype and genetic basis of Chinese FA patients have not been investigated yet.Methods We analyzed the 22 FA-related genes of 63 BMF patients suspected to be FA. Clinical manifestations, morphological and cytogenetic feathers, ALDH2 genotypes, treatment, and outcomes of the definite cases were retrospectively studied.Results 24 patients were confirmed the diagnosis of FA. The median age of BMF onset was 4.5-year old. The number of patients manifested as congenital malformations and growth retardation were 21/24 and 14/24, respectively. BM dysplasia and cytogenetic abnormalities were found in 15/23 and 10/22 patients. All the patients with abnormal karyotype also manifested as BM dysplasia or had evident blasts. Thirty-nine different variants were identified involving seven genes and including twenty-one novel variants. FANCA variants contributed to 58.33% of cases. Ten patients carried ALDH2 -G/A genotype with a significantly younger age of BMF onset ( p =0.024). Within the 22 patients adhering to continuous follow-up, 18 patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs). During the 33.5 months of follow-up, 8/22 patients died, seven of which were HSCT-related, and one patient who didn’t receive HSCT died from severe infection.Conclusion The phenotypic and genetic spectrum of Chinese FA patients is broad. Bone marrow dysplasia and cytogenetic abnormalities are prevalent and highly consistent. The overall outcome of HSCTs is disappointing. Nationwide multicenter studies are needed for the rarity and adverse outcome of this disease.
Quasimetagenomic source tracking of Listeria monocytogenes from naturally contaminated ice cream
Authors: Ottesen Andrea , Ramachandran Padmini , Chen Yi , Brown Eric , Reed Elizabeth , Strain Errol 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Background The more quickly bacterial pathogens responsible for foodborne illness outbreaks can be traced to their source, the more illnesses can be prevented and the less unnecessary destruction of food will occur. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) based approaches to source tracking have greatly increased the speed and resolution with which public health response can pinpoint the source of outbreaks. Traditionally, WGS approaches have focused on the culture of an individual isolate before proceeding to DNA extraction and sequencing. For Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), generation of an individual isolate for sequencing typically takes about 6 days. Here we demonstrate that a hybrid, “quasimetagenomic” approach ie; direct sequencing of microbiological enrichment (first step in pathogen detection and recovery) can provide high resolution source tracking sequence data, five days earlier than response that focuses on culture and sequencing of an individual isolate.Methods Naturally contaminated ice cream (from a 2015 outbreak) was enriched to recover Listeria monocytogenes following protocols outlined in the Bacteriological Analytic Manual (BAM). DNA from enriching microbiota was extracted and sequenced at incremental time-points during the first 48 hours of pre-enrichment using the Illumina MiSeq platform (2 by 250), to evaluate genomic coverage of target pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes.Results Quasimetagenomic sequence data acquired from hour 20 were sufficient to discern whether or not Lm strain/s were part of the ongoing outbreak or not. Genomic data from hours 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, and 48 of pre-enrichments all provided identical phylogenetic source tracking utility to the WGS of individual isolates (which require an additional 5 days to culture). Conclusions The speed of this approach (more than twice as fast as current methods) has the potential to reduce the number of illnesses associated with any given outbreak by as many as 75% percent of total cases and additionally, reduce the unnecessary waste of food that has been detained for investigation and due to lengthy response time, could not be deemed safe before spoilage.