bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relation between syntactic awareness and contextual facilitation in word reading: What is the role of semantics?
Authors: Mimeau Catherine , Laroche Annie , Deacon S. Hélène 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveOur objective was to examine the role of semantics in the relation between syntactic awareness and contextual facilitation in word reading.MethodsGrade 3 children (N = 77) completed a syntactic awareness task in which we manipulated the possible reliance on semantic information. They also completed a task of word reading in isolation and in context from which we calculated a score of contextual facilitation.ResultsWe found an association between children's performance in the syntactic awareness task and contextual facilitation in word reading. Importantly, however, we found an association only when children could rely on semantic information in the syntactic awareness task and not when the semantic information was limited.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that syntactic awareness acts together with semantics to foster the use of context in word reading, which has important implications for theories of reading development.
Co‐evolving supportive networks and perceived community resilience across disaster‐damaged areas after the Great East Japan Earthquake: Selection, influence, or both?
Authors: Lim Seunghoo , Nakazato Hiromi 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAfter the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in March 2011, the new community currency experiment for supporting disaster recovery,Fukkou Ouen Chiiki Tsuka, was introduced by community‐based organizations in these earthquake‐damaged areas. However, little is known about how perceived community resilience coevolves with interactions in the disaster recovery process. Using Simultaneous Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis techniques, this study shows the coevolutionary dynamics between perceptions of community resilience and the formation of supportive links among residents through a community currency (“Domo”) in Kamaishi. This study also provides policy implications for how mutual reinforcement between community residents’ engagement in network establishments and building a sense of community resilience among those affected functions as a potential mechanism for facilitating disaster recovery.
Mutations in the NOD2 gene are associated with a specific phenotype and lower anti‐tumor necrosis factor trough levels in Crohn's disease
Authors: Schäffler Holger , Geiss David , Gittel Nicole , Rohde Sarah , Huth Astrid , Glass Änne , Brandhorst Gunnar , Jaster Robert , Lamprecht Georg 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveNucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐containing protein 2 (NOD2) gene mutations are known to be an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD). Specific disease phenotypes are associated with the presence of NOD2 gene mutation. One treatment option is to use an anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α agent. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is usually performed in cases of a loss of response. Our aim was to explore whether NOD2 gene mutations have an effect on the disease phenotype, vitamin D levels, and on TDM in CD patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective genotype–phenotype association study on NOD2 gene mutations in 161 patients with CD.ResultsAltogether 55 (34.2%) patients carried at least one mutant allele of NOD2. NOD2 gene mutations were associated with ileocecal disease, ileocecal resection, stricturing and perianal disease, and patients with NOD2 gene mutation had significantly less frequent colonic disease and received an ostomy less frequently. TDM in patients with NOD2 gene mutation showed more frequent anti‐TNF trough levels in the subtherapeutic range and lower anti‐TNF trough levels than in NOD2 wild‐type (WT) patients.ConclusionsCD patients with NOD2 gene mutation have a specific clinical phenotype and they may require higher doses of anti‐TNF agents to achieve sufficient anti‐TNF trough levels. They may therefore benefit from a proactive TDM than a reactive approach. This could be another step in the direction of personalized medicine.
Assessment of tumour response after stereotactic ablative radiation therapy for lung cancer: A prospective quantitative hybrid 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography and CT perfusion study
Authors: Yang Dae‐Myoung , Palma David , Louie Alexander , Malthaner Richard , Fortin Dalilah , Rodrigues George , Yaremko Brian , Laba Joanna , Gaede Stewart , Warner Andrew , Inculet Richard , Lee Ting‐Yim 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionStereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) is a guideline‐recommended treatment for inoperable stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but imaging assessment of response after SABR is difficult. The goal of this study was to evaluate imaging‐based biomarkers of tumour response using dynamic 18F‐FDG‐PET and CT perfusion (CTP).MethodsThirty‐one patients with early‐stage NSCLC participated in this prospective correlative study. Each underwent dynamic 18F‐FDG‐PET/CTP studies on a PET/CT scanner pre‐ and 8 weeks post‐SABR. The dynamic 18F‐FDG‐PET measured the tumour SUVmax, SUVmean and the following parameters: K1, k2, k3, k4 and Ki, all using the Johnson–Wilson–Lee kinetic model. CTP quantitatively mapped BF, BV, MTT and PS in tumours and measured largest tumour diameter. Since free‐breathing was allowed during CTP scanning, non‐rigid image registration of CT images was applied to minimize misregistration before generating the CTP functional maps. Differences between pre‐ and post‐SABR imaging‐based parameters were compared.ResultsTumour size changed only slightly after SABR (median 26 mm pre‐SABR vs. 23 mm post‐SABR; P = 0.01). However, dynamic 18F‐FDG‐PET and CTP study showed substantial and significant changes in SUVmax, SUVmean, k3, k4 and Ki. Significant decreases were evident in SUVmax (median 6.1 vs. 2.6; P < 0.001), SUVmean (median 2.5 vs. 1.5; P < 0.001), k3 (relative decrease of 52%; P = 0.002), Ki (relative decrease of 27%; P = 0.03), whereas there was an increase in k4 (+367%; P < 0.001).ConclusionsHybrid 18F‐FDG‐PET/CTP allowed the response of NSCLC to SABR to be assessed regarding metabolic and functional parameters. Future studies are needed, with correlation with long‐term outcomes, to evaluate these findings as potential imaging biomarkers of response.
Radiotherapy patterns of care for stage I and II non‐small cell lung cancer in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Nguyen Andrew D. , Wong Wenchang , Beydoun Nadine , Mohan Sharanya , Shafiq Jesmin , Vinod Shalini K. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionCurative radiotherapy is guideline treatment for inoperable patients of good performance status with Stage I & II Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this study was to evaluate radiotherapy patterns of care in these patients, the reasons for palliative treatment and the proportion of patients suitable for curative stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR).MethodsElectronic oncology databases at three institutions were queried to retrieve data on patients with inoperable Stage I & II NSCLC seen in radiation oncology clinics between 1/1/2008 and 31/12/2014. Suitability for SABR was defined as peripheral tumours less than 5 cm in size. Factors associated with curative treatment were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThree‐hundred‐and‐twelve patients were identified of whom 178 (57%) received curative radiotherapy, 58 (19%) palliative radiotherapy and 76 (24%) no radiotherapy. The main reason for receiving palliative rather than curative treatment was COPD or poor pulmonary function (26%). Method of diagnosis (P = 0.031), Simplified Comorbidity Score (P = 0.003), ECOG performance status (P = 0.016), FEV1% (P = 0.040), treating institution (P < 0.0001) and time period (P = 0.016) were associated with curative radiotherapy on multivariate analysis. In patients with T1‐2N0M0 NSCLC, 19 (31%) who did not receive treatment and 7 (21%) who underwent palliative radiotherapy were technically and clinically suitable for SABR.ConclusionOnly 57% of patients with Stage I‐II NSCLC were treated with curative radiotherapy. Patient factors were the predominant reason for palliative treatment, however, treating institution also played a role. A considerable proportion of patients who underwent palliative or no radiotherapy were suitable for SABR treatment.
An improved method for utilizing high‐throughput amplicon sequencing to determine the diets of insectivorous animals
Authors: Jusino Michelle A. , Banik Mark T. , Palmer Jonathan M. , Wray Amy K. , Xiao Lei , Pelton Emma , Barber Jesse R. , Kawahara Akito Y. , Gratton Claudio , Peery M. Zachariah , Lindner Daniel L. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDNA analysis of predator faeces using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing (HTS) enhances our understanding of predator–prey interactions. However, conclusions drawn from this technique are constrained by biases that occur in multiple steps of the HTS workflow. To better characterize insectivorous animal diets, we used DNA from a diverse set of arthropods to assess PCR biases of commonly used and novel primer pairs for the mitochondrial gene, cytochrome oxidase C subunit 1 (COI). We compared diversity recovered from HTS of bat guano samples using a commonly used primer pair “ZBJ” to results using the novel primer pair “ANML.” To parameterize our bioinformatics pipeline, we created an arthropod mock community consisting of single‐copy (cloned) COI sequences. To examine biases associated with both PCR and HTS, mock community members were combined in equimolar amounts both pre‐ and post‐PCR. We validated our system using guano from bats fed known diets and using composite samples of morphologically identified insects collected in pitfall traps. In PCR tests, the ANML primer pair amplified 58 of 59 arthropod taxa (98%), whereas ZBJ amplified 24–40 of 59 taxa (41%–68%). Furthermore, in an HTS comparison of field‐collected samples, the ANML primers detected nearly fourfold more arthropod taxa than the ZBJ primers. The additional arthropods detected include medically and economically relevant insect groups such as mosquitoes. Results revealed biases at both the PCR and sequencing levels, demonstrating the pitfalls associated with using HTS read numbers as proxies for abundance. The use of an arthropod mock community allowed for improved bioinformatics pipeline parameterization.
Creation and Location‐Specific Revision of a Core Nursing Outcomes Evaluation System Based on Nursing Outcomes Classification for Stroke Inpatients in China
Authors: Hou Shuxiao , Li Baohua , Luo Yongmei , Shang Shaomei 
Published: October 2018

PURPOSETo screen and create a core nursing outcomes evaluation index system based on NOC for stroke inpatients in China.METHODSThis study adopted the method of Delphi expert consultation, with the degree of consent >4.0 points and the coefficient of variation <0.25 as the standard for inclusion of indexes.RESULTSThe evaluation index system established in this study includes five first‐grade indexes, 15 second‐grade indexes, and 58 third‐grade indexes.CONCLUSIONThe evaluation index system of core nursing outcomes for stroke inpatients in China has good specificity and reliability.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONSThe evaluation index system of core nursing outcomes provides a standardized location‐specific tool for clinical nurses to evaluate the nursing quality and intervention effect for stroke inpatients in China.
Using DNA methylation to validate an electronic medical record phenotype for smoking
Authors: McGinnis Kathleen A. , Justice Amy C. , Tate Janet P. , Kranzler Henry R. , Tindle Hilary A. , Becker William C. , Concato John , Gelernter Joel , Li Boyang , Zhang Xinyu , Zhao Hongyu , Crothers Kristina , Xu Ke ,   For the VACS Project Group
Published: October 2018

AbstractA validated, scalable approach to characterizing (phenotyping) smoking status is needed to facilitate genetic discovery. Using established DNA methylation sites from blood samples as a criterion standard for smoking behavior, we compare three candidate electronic medical record (EMR) smoking metrics based on longitudinal EMR text notes. With data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS), we employed a validated algorithm to translate each smoking‐related text note into current, past or never categories. We compared three alternative summary characterizations of smoking: most recent, modal and trajectories using descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation coefficients. Logistic regression and area under the curve analyses were used to compare the associations of these phenotypes with the DNA methylation sites, cg05575921 and cg03636183, which are known to have strong associations with current smoking. DNA methylation data were available from the VACS Biomarker Cohort (VACS‐BC), a sub‐study of VACS. We also considered whether the associations differed by the certainty of trajectory group assignment (<0.80/≥0.80). Among 140 152 VACS participants, EMR summary smoking phenotypes varied in frequency by the metric chosen: current from 33 to 53 percent; past from 16 to 24 percent and never from 24 to 33 percent. The association between the EMR smoking pairs was highest for modal and trajectories (rho = 0.89). Among 728 individuals in the VACS‐BC, both DNA methylation sites were associated with all three EMR summary metrics (p < 0.001), but the strongest association with both methylation sites was observed for trajectories (p < 0.001). Longitudinal EMR smoking data support using a summary phenotype, the validity of which is enhanced when data are integrated into statistical trajectories.
Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in a residential aged care facility
Authors: Parry Sharon , Chow Marilyn , Batchelor Frances , Fary Robyn E 
Published: October 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate sedentary behaviour and physical activity levels in independently mobile older adults with and without dementia living in residential aged care.MethodsSedentary behaviour and physical activity were measured in 37 residents of an aged care facility using an accelerometer worn during waking hours for five days.ResultsParticipants with valid accelerometer data (n = 28) spent 85% of the time sedentary, and 12% in low‐intensity, 2% in light‐intensity and 1% in moderate‐to‐vigorous‐intensity physical activity. Over half of sedentary time was accumulated in bouts of greater than 30 minutes. Physical activity at any level of intensity was performed in bouts of less than 10 minutes.ConclusionResidents were highly sedentary and inactive. In particular, the short duration of each bout of activity amongst lengthy periods of sedentary behaviour was a substantial finding. The study suggests the need to develop innovative ways of breaking up sedentary behaviour in residential aged care.
RANZCOG Fellows’ adherence to guidelines following cytological prediction of cervical adenocarcinoma‐in‐situ: Cause for concern?
Authors: Powell Aime , Cohen Paul A. , Spilsbury Katrina , Steel Nerida , Blomfield Penny 
Published: October 2018

BackgroundFor Australian women with screen‐detected adenocarcinoma‐in‐situ (AIS), an excisional biopsy is mandatory for further assessment, treatment, and to exclude the presence of cervical adenocarcinoma. The only exclusion to this rule is if the woman has a clinically evident invasive cervical malignancy. Excisional treatments should be tailored according to a patient's age and future obstetric needs. To date, practitioner compliance with this recommendation has not been investigated.AimsTo investigate clinical management for patients with a cytological test result predicting AIS. Secondary aims were to report the most severe histological findings of excisional biopsy specimens following cytological prediction of AIS and investigate treatment outcomes for conservatively managed patients with biopsy‐confirmed AIS.Materials and MethodsA retrospective, population‐based cohort study was conducted. Cases were ascertained from the Tasmanian and Western Australia Cervical Screening Registries. Cytology and histology results for women with an index cervical smear reporting AIS from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed.ResultsThree hundred and twenty‐one women (age range 18–69 years) had an index smear reporting AIS. Cervical cancer was diagnosed in 62 (19.3%) patients within the study cohort. Twenty‐one of 321 patients (6.7%) were not initially managed according to the 2005 NHMRC Guidelines for the management of asymptomatic women with screen‐detected abnormalities, including two women diagnosed with an occult cancer following a total hysterectomy.ConclusionsA minority of women were not managed in accordance with guidelines. This is of concern given that nearly one in five women with a smear predicting AIS had a final diagnosis of cervical cancer.
Hypothermic Machine Perfusion Versus Static Cold Storage in Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Peng Panxin , Ding Zhenshan , He Yuhui , Zhang Jun , Wang Xuming , Yang Zhihao 
Published: October 2018

AbstractStatic cold storage (SCS) and hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) are two primary options for renal allograft preservation. Compared with SCS, HMP decreased the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF) and protected graft function. However, more evidence is still needed to prove the advantages of the HMP. In this study, the outcomes of kidney grafts from the two preservation methods were compared by conducting a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of hypothermic machine perfusion and static cold storage in deceased donor kidney transplantation were identified through searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases between January 1, 1980 and December 30, 2017. The primary endpoints were delayed graft function and graft survival. Secondary endpoints included primary non‐function (PNF), graft renal function, duration of DGF, acute rejection, postoperative hospital stay and patient survival. Summary effects were calculated as risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) or mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 13 RCTs were included, including 2048 kidney transplant recipients. The results indicated that compared with SCS, HMP decreased the incidence of DGF (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.69–0.87, P < 0.0001), and improved the graft survival at 3 years (RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.11, P = 0.009). There was no significant difference in other endpoints. HMP might be a more desirable method of preservation for kidney grafts. The long‐term outcomes of kidney allografts stored by hypothermic machine perfusion still need to be further investigated.
Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Increased Immune Function of Spleen and Decreased Reactive Oxygen Species During Post‐Resuscitation
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Liu Bo , Zhao Lianxing , Lian Yong , Yuan Xiaoli , Zhang Yun , Lin Jiyang , Li Chunsheng 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effect of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA‐ECMO) on immune function of the spleen and reactive oxygen species (ROS) during post‐resuscitation in a porcine model. After 8 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation and 6 min of basic life support, pigs were randomized into two groups: Group 1 received VA‐ECMO and Group 2 received conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation. After successful return of spontaneous circulation, the hemodynamic status was determined and blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 h. Surviving pigs were euthanized 6 h after return of spontaneous circulation, their spleens were harvested and the T‐cells were separated. Then, we investigated immune function parameters of the spleen and ROS levels. VA‐ECMO increased the return of spontaneous circulation and 6 h survival rate after return of spontaneous circulation. Compared with the conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation group, the VA‐ECMO group showed increased superoxide dismutase and decreased malondialdehyde and ROS levels. Furthermore, VA‐ECMO was associated with a high rate of CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+, high levels of interleukin 2, interferon γ, and interferon γ/interleukin 4, as well as high proliferation of lymphocytes. The apoptotic rate of T‐cells was lower in the VA‐ECMO group than it was in the conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation group. VA‐ECMO increased immune function of spleen and decreased ROS levels during post‐resuscitation. Further research is expected to illustrate whether the differences in immune responses are due to ROS or some other perfusion related effect on spleen.
Correlation of peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness with visual acuity in paediatric patients affected by optic pathway glioma
Authors: Parrozzani Raffaele , Miglionico Giacomo , Leonardi Francesca , Pulze Serena , Trevisson Eva , Clementi Maurizio , Opocher Enrico , Licata Viviana , Viscardi Elisabetta , Pilotto Elisabetta , Frizziero Luisa , Midena Edoardo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness, measured by spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT), as a surrogate of visual function in a population of paediatric patients affected by optic pathway glioma (OPG) associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).MethodsA total of 38 paediatric patients (66 eyes) affected by MRI‐proven OPG were included. Each patient underwent complete ophthalmological examination, including age‐appropriate visual acuity (VA) assessment and RNFL analysis by SD‐OCT. Visual acuity was classified as normal or pathologic using age‐based normative data. Visual acuity was correlated to mean RNFL thickness of the whole peripapillary area and of each single analyzed sector (nasal, superior, temporal, inferior).ResultsVisual acuity was normal in 43 (65%) and pathologic in 23 (35%) eyes. Mean parapapillary RNFL thickness of each analyzed sector was significantly lower in eyes with abnormal VA (p < 0.05). The best balanced cut‐off value of global RNFL thickness allowing to discriminate between eyes with normal and pathologic VA was 76.25 μm (91%, 76%, 67% and 94% of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicting value, respectively). Considering best balanced cut‐off values of other analyzed RNFL sectors, the superior (p = 0.0029) and the inferior (p = 0.0024) sectors reached the higher sensitivity (87% and 87%, respectively) and specificity (81% and 79%, respectively).ConclusionRetinal nerve fibre layer thickness is directly related to VA in children affected by NF1‐related OPG, and should be considered as a potential surrogate marker of VA. Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness cut‐off values can be used in paediatric patients to discriminate false‐positive results obtained by VA measurement.