bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long telomeres cooperate with p53,MDM2, and p21 polymorphisms to raise pediatric solid tumor risk
Authors: Borbora Debasish , Dutta Hemonta K , Devi Kangjam Rekha , Mahanta Jagadish , Medhi Pronita , Narain Kanwar 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundWhile leukocyte telomere length has been linked with altered risk in adult cancer, limited information is available on its association with risk in pediatric solid tumors. We investigated the association of telomeric alterations with risk of pediatric solid tumors. We also investigated whether altered telomeres cooperated with the TP53 rs1042522, MDM2 rs2279744 and CDKN1A (p21cip1) rs1059234 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms to modify cancer risk.MethodsA total of 101 tumor patients and 202 controls were recruited for this age‐ and gender‐matched case–control study. Relative telomere length (RTL) was determined in peripheral blood leukocytes using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the polymorphisms were genotyped using PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism.ResultsUsing median RTL in the healthy controls as a cut‐off, children with longer telomeres were at an increased risk of developing a solid tumor (OR, 2.70; P < 0.01). When participants were categorized according to control RTL quartiles, a significant dose–response relationship was observed (χ2 = 10.95; P < 0.001). The risk for tumors increased nearly threefold (P = 0.001) for the triple interaction RTL × TP53 rs1042522 × p21cip1 rs1059234 compared with the maximum effect of any single factor, although the interaction effect was less than additive. The MDM2 rs2279744 GG genotype reduced pediatric solid tumor risk significantly (OR, 0.51).ConclusionCombined analysis of telomeres and genetic polymorphisms in the TP53 pathway can provide important clues to understanding pediatric solid tumor etiology.
Outcomes of human adenovirus infection and disease in a retrospective cohort of pediatric solid organ transplant recipients
Authors: Boge Craig L. K. , Fisher Brian T. , Petersen Hans , Seif Alix E. , Purdy Dale R. , Galetaki Despoina M. , Hodinka Richard L. , Cárdenas Ana María , Kajon Adriana E. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractInformation about HAdV infection in SOT recipients is limited. We aimed to describe HAdV infection epidemiology and outcomes in a single‐center retrospective cohort during the era of PCR availability. SOT recipients transplanted at the CHOP 2004‐2013 were followed up for 180 days post‐transplant. HAdV infection was defined as a positive HAdV PCR from a clinical specimen. HAdV disease was defined by organ‐specific radiologic and/or laboratory abnormalities. No HAdV surveillance protocols were employed during the study period; testing was solely per clinician discretion. Progression of HAdV infection was defined as HAdV disease or ≥1‐log viral load increase since a corresponding site's first positive specimen. Of the assembled 425 SOT recipients, 227 (52.6%) had ≥1 HAdV PCR. Twenty‐four (10.6%) had ≥1 HAdV‐positive PCR. HAdV‐positive subjects were younger than uninfected subjects (2.0 years vs 6.5, P = 0.001). Infection incidence rates were highest in liver recipients (15.3%), followed by heart (8.6%), kidney (8.3%), and lung (4.2%). Four subjects (16.7%) met HAdV disease criteria at virus detection. Five subjects (20.8%) had progression of HAdV infection. All‐cause mortality rates in positive and negative subjects were 0% and 3.9%, respectively. HAdV infection was infrequently detected in SOT recipients. Over one‐third of HAdV‐positive patients met disease criteria at detection or had infection progression, but none died. This low all‐cause mortality raises questions about benefits of HAdV surveillance. Larger multicenter studies are needed to assess incidence variance by center and comparative effectiveness of therapeutic interventions.
GCV/VCVG prophylaxis against CMV DNAemia in pediatric renal transplant patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chatani Brandon , Glaberson Wendy , Nemeth Zsuzsanna , Tamariz Leonardo , Gonzalez Ivan A. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCMV disease continues to stand as a significant threat to the longevity of renal transplants in children. More pediatric recipients are CMV‐negative with CMV‐positive donor serologies resulting in a HR mismatch. The length of prophylaxis with GCV or VGCV required to optimally prevent recurrence of CMVDNAemia remains unknown. This study is a meta‐analysis comparing GCV/VGCV prophylaxis regimens provided for <6 months, from 6 to <12 months, and ≥12 months after transplant in order to prevent CMVDNAemia. The search conducted involved PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register from inception through December 2017. Search terms Kidney Transplantation, CMV, GCV, and VGCV provided 204 studies for abstract review. Studies excluded were those which did not itemize pediatric data separately, single case reports, and duplicate studies. Pooled analysis of five retrospective studies and one prospective study identified that there is no statistically significant difference in the incidence of CMV DNAemia when comparing <6 months of prophylaxis and >12 months of prophylaxis (23% and 15%, respectively, P = 0.23). Regardless of the length of prophylaxis, there was no statistical difference in the incidence of CMV DNAemia in the HR patients (6 to <12 months vs <6 months, P = 0.62; 6 to <12 months vs ≥12 months, P = 0.78; ≥12 months vs <6 months, P = 0.83). This study identifies no optimal length of prophylaxis for HR mismatch pediatric renal transplant patients as many develop CMV DNAemia.
Hypogammaglobulinemia and bacterial infections following pediatric post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorder in the rituximab era
Authors: Chiou Fang Kuan , Beath Sue V. , Patel Mitul , Gupte Girish L. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIntroductionTreatment of PTLD using immune‐depleting agents such as RTX may be associated with increased risk of infections. The aim of this report was to describe the incidence of hypogammaglobulinemia and bacterial infections in children with PTLD after SOT at a single center since the introduction of RTX.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted over a study period of 2000‐2016 in pediatric patients diagnosed with biopsy‐proven PTLD based on the WHO histologic criteria. Hypogammaglobulinemia was defined by serum IgG <4 g/L; CPBI was defined by clinically significant infection by an identified pathogenic bacteria isolated from a normally sterile body site.ResultsTwenty‐eight patients were included, comprising 16 LTx and 12 ITx patients, and 17 patients received RTX therapy. Total of 31 episodes of CPBI occurred in 16 patients. Incidence of CPBI was 31.4 infections per 100 patient‐years in RTX‐treated patients, as compared to 8.4 infections per 100 patient‐years in non‐RTX‐treated patients (P < 0.001). Hypogammaglobulinemia was significantly more prevalent after 6 months (P = 0.001) and 2 years (P = 0.005) in RTX‐treated patients, as compared to none in the group that did not receive RTX. Hypogammaglobulinemia (P = 0.047), ITx (P = 0.027), and monomorphic PTLD (P = 0.024) were significantly associated with recurrent (≥2) CPBI and/or CPBI‐related deaths within the first year post‐PTLD.ConclusionWhile RTX is an effective treatment for PTLD, hypogammaglobulinemia can persist for up to 2 years following RTX therapy, which may be associated with the higher cumulative rates of CPBI observed in RTX‐treated patients.
I’m respectful. Why don’t they like me? Evaluator and gender effects of showing respect and children’s social competence
Authors: Audley Shannon , Hsueh Yeh , Zhang Hui 
Published: June 2019

AbstractDespite extensive research on the importance of conceptualizing respect, little is known about how respect recipients and peer onlookers evaluate showing respect. Few studies have examined how such evaluations affect children's peer relations across four levels of social complexity (individual, interactions, relationships, and group), and few have assessed how gender influences the evaluations of showing respect to peers on peer social competence. This study used multi‐group structural equation modeling (MSEM) to examine how (a) cross‐evaluators’ views on showing respect mediated the relation between multiple measures of social complexity and children's social competence and (b) whether gender moderated the above relations. Two hundred and sixteen participants were chosen from third to sixth graders (111 girls; Mage =10.30). They completed self‐reports of social competence and showing respect, and peer reports of classmates’ showing respect, overt aggression, physical victimization, mutual friends, and social competence. Self‐evaluations of showing respect were negatively related to group‐level social competence. Peer evaluations of showing respect mediated the association between peer relations (specifically, number of mutual friends and overt aggression) and individual‐level and group‐level social competence. Gender moderated three paths in the model, namely links between overt aggression and (a) peer evaluations for showing respect; (b) group‐level social competence; and (c) individual‐level social competence. Negative associations were stronger for girls than for boys. The research findings suggest that gender norms shape the complex relations between children's showing respect and social competence, and an understanding of these relations must take into account differences in evaluations made by children and their peers.
The Utility of EMRs in Student Run Clinics
Authors: Ueberroth Benjamin E , Siegel Dana R 
Published: June 2019

SummaryBackgroundA student‐run free clinic (SRFC) is a health care delivery system in which undergraduate medical students assume the responsibility of an outpatient health clinic. This provides a unique opportunity for early exposure to patients in a student's pre‐clinical years.MethodsPre‐ and post‐experience electronic surveys were sent out to first‐year medical students who were required to complete a minimum of three sessions as a volunteer at one of two SRFCs in the metro Detroit area. The Fisher's exact test was used to assess for a significant change after clinic experience with p < 0.05.ResultsThirty‐one students completed the pre‐experience survey. Twenty‐five students completed the post‐experience survey. The Fisher's exact test demonstrated a significant increase in the proportion of positive answers for questions concerning comfort with taking a medical history (p = 0.002) and comfort with using an electronic medical record (EMR) (p = 0.048). There was no significant difference in comfort working as part of a team (p = 0.581), discussing a patient with a physician (p = 0.602) or interacting with different socio‐economic backgrounds (p = 0.720).ConclusionSRFCs provide a beneficial opportunity for early patient and clinical exposure for pre‐clinical medical students, including practice using an EMR, which is an essential tool in our electronic era. More research, however, is needed to determine the most effective way to teach skillful EMR use.
Clustering effects on firm exporting with productivity‐enhancing R&D in China
Authors: Howell Anthony 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of regional clustering on the linkages among R&D, exporting and productivity of Chinese firms. A structural framework is employed using a set of recursive equations that is capable of correcting for most estimation issues related to selection and endogeneity. The main findings reveal that regional clustering brings about relatively trivial direct benefits to exporters after taking into account important sources of firm heterogeneity. Rather, the main benefits of clustering on exporting appear to arise indirectly through investments in innovation and productivity. The main implication of the findings suggests that a better endowed geographical area improves international competitiveness mainly by enhancing the super‐additive effects of investments in technology on productivity, which, in turn, enhances exporting performance.
Pitfalls in the use of foreign direct investment statistics
Authors: O'Mahony Clare , Barry Frank 
Published: June 2019

AbstractForeign direct investment (FDI) statistics are widely used to study the impact of international capital movements and multinational enterprise (MNE) activities. FDI intensity is also an important indicator of globalisation and economic integration. Datasets spanning long time periods and with broad country coverage have been employed in numerous studies to analyse various aspects of the determinants and consequences of FDI. Focusing on a relatively homogeneous group of six Western European EU countries, the present study finds major inconsistencies in the construction and coverage of these data both through time and across countries, leading to large discrepancies. Asymmetries will be far greater for broader groups of more economically and institutionally diverse countries. This study recommends extreme caution in drawing conclusions based on FDI data.
Cuba, the centrally planned cigar, and its rivals
Authors: Jones Kent 
Published: June 2019

AbstractCuba has a long‐standing reputation for producing premium cigars. Despite the inefficiencies of central planning, Cuba continues to command a dominant global market share in this product outside the United States, whose trade embargo forbids Cuban imports. Cuba's main rivals in premium cigars include the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua and Honduras, which dominate the US market but have a smaller presence elsewhere. All premium cigar exporters face important global demographic and policy changes that will alter the competitive landscape. Public anti‐smoking measures have diminished cigar demand in Europe and other industrialised areas, reinforcing a market growth shift towards emerging markets, especially China. Cuba's strengths in branding, reputation and third‐world ties give it an advantage in developing the high end of these new markets. However, the rigidities of Cuba's economic system make it difficult to increase or adjust premium cigar output and exports in response to new market opportunities. Cost‐efficient competition from its Caribbean rivals allows them to respond to consumer preferences for new cigar blends and lower‐priced brands. The paper concludes by assessing the need for economic reforms and foreign investment in Cuban cigar production that will be necessary for it to maintain or improve its export performance.
Limb‐sparing in dogs using patient‐specific, three‐dimensional‐printed endoprosthesis for distal radial osteosarcoma: A pilot study
Authors: Séguin Bernard , Pinard Chris , Lussier Bertrand , Williams Deanna , Griffin Lynn , Podell Brendan , Mejia Sebastian , Timercan Anatolie , Petit Yvan , Brailovski Vladimir 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLimb‐sparing for distal radial osteosarcoma has a high rate of complications. Using personalized three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed implants might improve outcome. The goals of this study were to optimize use of patient‐specific, 3D‐printed endoprostheses for limb‐sparing in dogs in the clinical environment and to report the outcome. This was a pilot study where five client‐owned dogs were enrolled. Computed tomography (CT) of the thoracic limbs was performed, which was used to create patient‐specific endoprostheses and cutting guides, and repeated on the day of surgery. Intra‐arterial (IA) carboplatin was introduced in the clinical management. Limb‐sparing was performed. Outcome measures were time required to produce the endoprosthesis and cutting guide, fit between cutting guide and endoprosthesis with host bones, gait analysis, size of the tumour, percent tumour necrosis, complications, disease‐free interval (DFI) and survival time (ST). Four dogs received IA carboplatin. Excessive tumour growth between planning CT and surgery did not occur in any dog. The interval between the CT and surgery ranged from 14 to 70 days. Fit between the cutting‐guide and endoprosthesis with the host bones was good to excellent. At least one complication occurred in all dogs. Two dogs were euthanized with STs of 192 and 531 days. The other dogs were alive with a follow up of 534 to 575 days. IA chemotherapy is a promising strategy to minimize the risk of excessive tumour growth while waiting for the endoprosthesis and cutting‐guide to be made. The design of the cutting‐guide was critical for best fit of the endoprosthesis with host bones.
Fine‐needle aspiration of cutaneous, subcutaneous, and intracavitary masses in dogs and cats using 22‐ vs 25‐gauge needles
Authors: Arai Shiori , Rist Paul , Clancey Noel , Gilroy Cornelia , Stryhn Henrik , Amsellem Pierre 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBackgroundFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a common procedure as a diagnostic tool in veterinary medicine. However, it is unclear whether the gauge of the needle affects the quality of cytology.ObjectiveThis study compared the quality of cytologic samples obtained via FNA using 22‐ or 25‐gauge needles.MethodsFine‐needle aspiration was performed on 50 masses (cutaneous, subcutaneous, or intracavitary) obtained from client‐owned animals. The size of the needle was randomly assigned using either of the following two sequences: 22‐25‐22 gauge or 25‐22‐25 gauge. Samples were evaluated by two board‐certified clinical pathologists to assess cellularity, blood contamination, amount of cellular debris, degree of cellular trauma, and the overall ability to make a diagnosis for each sample.ResultsNo significant difference was detected between the 22‐ and 25‐gauge needle samples for cellularity, whereas a significant difference was present for blood contamination, amount of cellular debris, and degree of cellular trauma. The overall ability to make a diagnosis was not significantly affected by the needle gauge. The degree of cellular trauma was significantly increased in intracavitary samples.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceNeedle gauge is a contributing factor to FNA sample quality. However, it did not affect the overall ability to make a diagnosis. Samples obtained using 25‐gauge needles resulted in less blood contamination yet increased cellular trauma compared to 22‐gauge needle samples.
Unrecognized and imperilled diversity in an endemic barb (Smiliogastrini, Enteromius) from the Fouta Djallon highlands
Authors: Schmidt Ray C. , Dillon Megan N. , Kuhn Natalie M. , Bart Henry L. , Pezold Frank 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe Upper Guinean Forests of Guinea, Sierra Leone and Liberia contain high levels of freshwater biodiversity. The Guinean Range and associated Fouta Djallon highlands separate two biogeographical provinces in the region and served as a refugium during past climatic fluctuations. While many species of freshwater fishes are restricted to one biogeographical province or the other, some are reported to occur on both sides of the divide. Here, we examine the molecular and morphological diversity of an endemic small African barb, Enteromius foutensis, reported to occur in both provinces. This integrative analysis revealed unrecognized diversity and suggests recent, or ongoing, events that facilitated geodispersal and subsequent divergence in the region. The molecular analysis revealed three divergent and well‐supported populations within E. foutensis. Accounting for allometric shape variation allowed us to observe diagnostic morphological differences among the populations. Enteromius foutensis sensu stricto is restricted to the Little Scarcies drainage in Guinea and northern Sierra Leone. Our study revealed two candidate species distinct from E. foutensis. One is likely a narrow endemic restricted to a small area in the Konkouré River basin; the other candidate species inhabits the upper Senegal and Gambie River drainages. How these patterns of diversity compare with other freshwater species from the Fouta Djallon highlands and the conservation status of these candidate species are also discussed.
Moderate exercise training since adolescence reduces Walker 256 tumour growth in adult rats
Authors: Moreira Veridiana Mota , Almeida Douglas , da Silva Franco Claudinéia Conationi , Gomes Rodrigo Mello , Palma‐Rigo Kesia , Prates Kelly Valério , Tófolo Laize Peron , Malta Ananda , Francisco Flávio Andrade , Pavanello Audrei , Previate Carina , da Silva Silveira Sandra , Ribeiro Tatiane Aparecida , Martins Isabela Peixoto , de Moraes Ana Maria Praxedes , Matiusso Camila Cristina Ianoni , Saavedra Lucas Paulo Jacinto , de Barros Machado Katia Gama , Fabbri Corá Thauany , Gongora Adriane , Cardozo Lucas Eduardo , da Silva Paulo Henrique Olivieri , Venci Renan , Vieira Elaine , de Oliveira Júlio Cezar , Miranda Rosiane Aparecida , de Souza Helenir Medri , Miksza Daniele , da Costa Lima Luiz Delmar , de Castro‐Prado Marialba Avezum Alves , Rinaldi Wilson , de Freitas Mathias Paulo Cezar 
Published: June 2019

Key points
Cancer growth, cell proliferation and cachexia index can be attenuated by the beneficial programming effect of moderate exercise training, especially if it begins in adolescence.
Walker 256 tumour‐bearing rats who started exercise training during adolescence did not revert the basal low glycaemia and insulinaemia observed before tumour cell inoculation.
The moderate exercise training improved glucose tolerance and peripheral insulin sensitivity only in rats exercised early in adolescence.
The chronic effects of our exercise protocol are be beneficial to prevent cancer cachexia and hold clear potential as a nonpharmacological therapy of insulin sensitization.
AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that moderate exercise training, performed early, starting during adolescence or later in life during adulthood, can inhibit tumour cell growth as a result of changes in biometric and metabolic markers. Male rats that were 30 and 70 days old performed a treadmill running protocol over 8 weeks for 3 days week–1, 44 min day–1 and at 55–65% . After the end of training, a batch of rats was inoculated with Walker 256 carcinoma cells. At 15 days after carcinoma cell inoculation, the tumour was weighed and certain metabolic parameters were evaluated. The data demonstrated that physical performance was better in rats that started exercise training during adolescence according to the final workload and . Early or later moderate exercise training decreased the cachexia index, cell proliferation and tumour growth; however, the effects were more pronounced in rats that exercised during adolescence. Low glycaemia, insulinaemia and tissue insulin sensitivity was not reverted in Walker 256 tumour‐bearing rats who trained during adolescence. Cancer growth can be attenuated by the beneficial programming effect of moderate exercise training, especially if it begins during adolescence. In addition, improvement in glucose–insulin homeostasis might be involved in this process.