bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Hypoglycaemic Potential of Antioxidant-Rich Food Extracts
Authors: Chepulis Lynne , Al-Aubaidy Hayder , Page Rachel 
Published: August 2018

Background: Obesity and diabetes are highly prevalent in Western countries, and both conditions can be associated with impaired glucose control and hyperglycemia. Antioxidants have been identified as having the ability to regulate blood glucose levels, however, the effects of specific high-antioxidant food extracts on blood glucose levels have not been well characterized. This study aimed to measure the hypoglycemic effects of selected antioxidant food extracts in healthy individuals.Methods: Ten healthy individuals were recruited into a randomized, single-blinded study. Participants consumed five different high-antioxidant food extracts (one per session, each >48 hours apart) that were matched for total antioxidant content 10 mins prior to ingestion of 50 g of available carbohydrate from either glucose load or white bread (with ham) after an overnight fast. Blood glucose levels were measured using capillary sampling every 15 mins for two hours, and the incremental area under the glucose curve (IAUC) measured. The IAUC values for the test foods were compared to the glucose-only and bread-only controls.Results: Amla berry-, Grape seed- Rooibos tea- and Green tea- extracts as well as Propolis tincture were all strong glycemic modulators, significantly decreasing the IAUC by 25-40% compared to the glucose-only or white bread controls (all p < 0.05).Conclusions: Antioxidants are able to modulate postprandial glucose response in healthy subjects. These results suggest that further research is warranted to determine whether these antioxidant-rich foods are of benefit to people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Antioxidants, glycemic response, blood glucose levels
STRUCTURAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF VERBA MOLYBDENUM ORE MINERALIZATION
Authors: Kostenko M. M. , Kondratenko P. A. 
Published: August 2018

The article shows the Verba ore mineralization of molybdenum (Volyn Block of the Ukrainian Shield) is associated with small granite intrusions. They are located in the south-eastern exocontact zone of the Ustynivka granite massif of the Paleoproterozoic Chisinau complex. The Verba minera­lization is a linear-coarse mineralized zone of the complex structure. This is confirmed by the development in its rocks of frequent, non-orientated veins of quartz, fluorite-quartz and carbonate-quartz compositions and numerous cracks. They have molybdenite and concomitant mineralization, as well as the wide spreading of molybdenite inclusions directly in the granites. A number of differently oriented faults and of small fracturing local zones, cataclasite, millonitized and breccias represents the internal structure of the mineralized zone. The characteristic of molybdenite the leading ore minerals is shown. It is morphologically represented by a closely connected scattered inclusions, rarely veined inclusions, and associated ore minerals: cassiterite, bismuth, native bismuth, emlectocytes, galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, pyrite, ilmenite, magnetite and titanomagnetite.
Orbital Decay of Globular Clusters in the Galaxy with Little Dark Matter
Authors: Nusser Adi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Recently, van Dokkum et al. presented an important discovery of an ultra-diffuse galaxy, NGC1052-DF2, with a dark matter content significantly less than predicted from its stellar mass alone. The analysis relies on measured radial velocities of 10 globular clusters (GCs), of estimated individual masses of a few ×106
M
⊙. This is about 1% of the inferred mass of NGC1052-DF2 of 2 × 108
M
⊙ within a half-light radius, R
e = 2.2 kpc. The large relative mass and the old age of these objects imply that they might be susceptible to orbital decay by dynamical friction. Using analytic estimates and N-body simulations of an isolated system matching the inferred mass profile of NGC1052-DF2, we show that the orbits of the most massive GCs should already have decayed on a timescale of a few Gyrs. These findings should help in constraining mass profile and formation scenarios of NGC1052-DF2.
A Deficit of Dark Matter from Jeans Modeling of the Ultra-diffuse Galaxy NGC 1052-DF2
Authors: Wasserman Asher , Romanowsky Aaron J. , Brodie Jean , Dokkum Pieter van , Conroy Charlie , Abraham Roberto , Cohen Yotam , Danieli Shany 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The discovery of the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 and its peculiar population of star clusters has raised new questions about the connections between galaxies and dark matter (DM) halos at the extremes of galaxy formation. In light of debates over the measured velocity dispersion of its star clusters and the associated mass estimate, we constrain mass models of DF2 using its observed kinematics with a range of priors on the halo mass. Models in which the galaxy obeys a standard stellar-halo mass relation are in tension with the data and also require a large central density core. Better fits are obtained when the halo mass is left free, even after accounting for increased model complexity. The dynamical mass-to-light ratio for our model with a weak prior on the halo mass is

, consistent with the stellar population estimate for DF2. We use tidal analysis to find that the low-mass models are consistent with the undisturbed isophotes of DF2. Finally, we compare with Local Group dwarf galaxies and demonstrate that DF2 is an outlier in both its spatial extent and its relative DM deficit.
A 50 pc Scale View of Star Formation Efficiency across NGC 628
Authors: Kreckel K. , Faesi C. , Kruijssen J. M. D. , Schruba A. , Groves B. , Leroy A. K. , Bigiel F. , Blanc G. A. , Chevance M. , Herrera C. , Hughes A. , McElroy R. , Pety J. , Querejeta M. , Rosolowsky E. , Schinnerer E. , Sun J. , Usero A. , Utomo D. 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Star formation is a multi-scale process that requires tracing cloud formation and stellar feedback within the local (≲kpc) and global galaxy environment. We present first results from two large observing programs on the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA)and the Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer(VLT/MUSE), mapping cloud scales (1″ = 47 pc) in both molecular gas and star-forming tracers across 90 kpc2 of the central disk of NGC 628 to probe the physics of star formation. Systematic spatial offsets between molecular clouds and H ii regions illustrate the time evolution of star-forming regions. Using uniform sampling of both maps on 50–500 pc scales, we infer molecular gas depletion times of 1–3 Gyr, but also find that the increase of scatter in the star formation relation on small scales is consistent with gas and H ii regions being only weakly correlated at the cloud (50 pc) scale. This implies a short overlap phase for molecular clouds and H ii regions, which we test by directly matching our catalog of 1502 H ii regions and 738 GMCs. We uncover only 74 objects in the overlap phase, and we find depletion times >1 Gyr, significantly longer than previously reported for individual star-forming clouds in the Milky Way. Finally, we find no clear trends that relate variations in the depletion time observed on 500 pc scales to physical drivers (metallicity, molecular and stellar-mass surface density, molecular gas boundedness) on 50 pc scales.
Peptide-Binding Groove Contraction Linked to the Lack of T Cell Response: Using Complex Structure and Energy To Identify Neoantigens
Authors: Pang Yuan-Ping , Elsbernd Laura R , Block Matthew S , Markovic Svetomir N 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Using personalized peptide vaccines (PPVs) to target tumor-specific nonself-antigens (neoantigens) is a promising approach to cancer treatment. However, the development of PPVs is hindered by the challenge of identifying tumor-specific neoantigens, in part because current in silico methods for identifying such neoantigens have limited effectiveness. In this article, we report the results of molecular dynamics simulations of 12 oligopeptides bound with an HLA, revealing a previously unrecognized association between the inability of an oligopeptide to elicit a T cell response and the contraction of the peptide-binding groove upon binding of the oligopeptide to the HLA. Our conformational analysis showed that this association was due to incompatibility at the interface between the contracted groove and its αβ–T cell Ag receptor. This structural demonstration that having the capability to bind HLA does not guarantee immunogenicity prompted us to develop an atom-based method (SEFF12MC) to predict immunogenicity through using the structure and energy of a peptide·HLA complex to assess the propensity of the complex for further complexation with its TCR. In predicting the immunogenicities of the 12 oligopeptides, SEFF12MC achieved a 100% success rate, compared with success rates of 25–50% for 11 publicly available residue-based methods including NetMHC-4.0. Although further validation and refinements of SEFF12MC are required, our results suggest a need to develop in silico methods that assess peptide characteristics beyond their capability to form stable binary complexes with HLAs to help remove hurdles in using the patient tumor DNA information to develop PPVs for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Distance of Tumor to Skin as a Predictive Marker for Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis in Cases of Breast Carcinoma - A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ojha Sandeep S , Jain Rubal A , Nilkanthe Ramrao G , Meenai Farah J , Abhishek Sharma , Amit Haritwal K 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is arising as the most common cancer among women. Axillary lymph node status is considered as one of the most important predictors of survival in breast cancer and a very important component to the staging system. The tumors under the skin have abundant access to the dermal lymphatic and have an increased chance of metastasizing to draining lymph nodes. Aim of the Study: To evaluate whether distance of tumor to skin can be considered as a predictor for lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study on all operated cases of infiltrating mammary carcinoma from January 2013 to December 2016. Both lumpectomy and mastectomy specimens with invasive carcinoma component were included in the study. The distance of the tumor was measured from the base of the epidermis of the skin to the anterior margin of the tumor on gross examination or microscopically the closest invasive carcinoma component. The distance was measured, tabulated, and correlated with the nodal status on axillary node dissection. Also, compared are the other parameters such as size, site, and grade of the tumor. Results:: Out of 200 patients enrolled, positive nodes were seen in 67.5% (135) of cases, of which tumor with distance from skin <0.3 cm show maximum nodal positivity (64.4%) and maximum cases with N2 and N3 disease (48.8%). Most important and significant finding was that 100% cases with tumor size corresponding in T2 size with skin invasion either grossly or microscopically and T3 size tumor with microscopically involving epidermis was positive for metastatic deposits in axillary nodes and 10/11 cases (90%) in T4 stage were positive. Conclusion: The distance of tumor from skin is an important predictor for Axillary lymph nodal metastasis in invasive breast cancers. Closer the tumor, the incidence of axillary nodal metastasis increases. Hence, distance of tumor from skin should be considered while evaluating a breast cancer patient.
Of Art and Absurdity: Military, Censorship, and Contemporary Art in Thailand
Authors: Chotpradit Thanavi 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
On June 15, 2017, soldiers and plainclothes officers visited Cartel Artspace and Gallery VER in Bangkok. The two adjacent galleries were hosting exhibitions by young Thai contemporary artists, The Shards Would Shatter at Touch by Tada Hengsapkul 1 and Whitewash by Harit Srikhao. The first exhibition depicted stories of political prisoners, whereas the latter recalled the 2010 military crackdown on Red Shirt protests in Bangkok. Thailand has been ruled by a military junta, the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO), since the May 2014 coup, but this was the first time that visual art exhibitions had attracted the attention of state officers. However, the military stormed the two galleries because of the incorrect impression that Prontip “Kolf” Mankong, a theater artist who had been convicted of lèse-majesté for the play Wolf Bride, was hosting Hengsapkul’s exhibition.
Quantifying the source and amount of suspended sediment transported during storm events in Huntsville Creek, Luzerne County, Pennsylvania
Authors: Oakill Jordan , Protchko Shawna , Dempsey Christopher 
Published: August 2018

Abstract
The amount of suspended sediment transported in the Susquehanna River has been well documented in recent years due to its impact on the Chesapeake Bay. Suspended sediment can be transported from headwater streams during storm events, but little is known about the quantity and source of sediment entering the larger river. We instrumented a section of Huntsville Creek to assess the amount of suspended sediment transported to the Susquehanna River during four storm events from June 2014 till March 2015. In addition, we utilized ortho-photographs to assess historical fluxes of sediment within our study area. We found that the sediment flux in Huntsville Creek decreased by 50% as the stream passed through our study site. The source of the sediment transported during storm events indicated remobilization of the streambed sediment. Historical analyses of the watershed showed greater amounts of stream bank erosion between 1959 and 1979.
Dissolution Kinetics of Milled-Silicate Rock Fertilizers in Organic Acid
Authors: Priyono Joko , Gilkes Robert John 
Published: August 2018

A dissolution experiment was carried out to identify the effects of milling condition on dissolution kinetics of silicate rock fertilizers. Initially ground materials (Ø < 250 μm for basalt, dolerite, gneiss, and Ø < 150 μm for K-feldspar) were further milled with a ball mill (Spex 8000) under dry and wet conditions for 10, 60, and 120 minutes. The rock powders were dissolved in a mixture of 0.01M acetic-citric acid at a rock powder/solvent ratio of 1/1000, and the solution was agitated continuously on a rotary shaker at 25o C. The concentrations of dissolved Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al, and Si from the milled rocks were determined at intervals from 1 hour up to 56 days. Results indicated that the relationships of quantity of dissolved rock and elemental plant nutrients (Et) with time (t) were well described by a power equation: Et = Eo + atn with reaction order (n) of 0.3 – 0.8. Milling increased quantity of total and individual dissolved element (Et ), dissolution rate (Rt), the proportion of rapidly soluble rock or element (Eo), and dissolution constant a. The increases in dissolution due to dry milling were larger than for wet milling. Although further proves should be provided, results of this dissolution experiment clearly indicates that SRFs may be used as multinutrient fertilizers as well as remedial materials for acidic soils; and dry milling may be applied as an appropriate method for manufacturing effective SRFs.
Solubility of Rock Phosphate and its Effect to the Growth and Yield of Maize on Ultisols
Authors: Kasno Antonius , Setyorini Diah , Dwiningsih Sutisni 
Published: August 2018

Phosphor is a macro nutrients and it becomes the main limiting factor for maize growth on Ultisols. Rock phosphate is one of P fertilizer sources contains high P and Ca content, slow release and soluble under acid condition, suitable for acid soil. The objective of this research is to study the solubility of rock phosphate and its influence to the growth and yield of maize on Ultisols. This research was conducted in the research laboratory and the green house of Indonesia Soil Research Institute (ISRI). Ultisols soil samples were taken from oil palm plantation in North Sumatera. Christmas Island Rock Phosphate (CIRP) and Tunisia rock phosphate was used in this research. There are two activity conducted simultaneously, which is application of rock phosphate on Ultisols under plant indicator and without plant. The experimental design is randomized complete block design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The pot experiment without plant was conducted using1 kg of soil sample mixed with rock phosphate treatment and placed into plastic plot. During 3 months of incubation, soil water content was maintained under field capacity by aquadest. The dosages of P fertilizer were 0, 157.6 and 315.2 kg P2O5 ha-1. Soil samples were taken on 1, 2, and 3 months after P fertilization for measuring pH, P content (by HCl 25 %, Bray 1 and Olsen extraction), P-inorganic fractionation (Al-P, Fe-P, Rs-P and Ca-P), exchangeable acidity (Al and H), Al and free of Fe oxide. The pot experiments with maize were conducted using 7.5 kg soil samples mixed with 2 different rock phosphates as a treatment. The dosages of rock phosphate were similar with experiment 1. Urea 300 kg and 150 kg KCl ha1 were applied as a basal fertilizer. Maize was planted two seed per pot and maintain until harvest time. The result of the research shows that soil P content increase with RP application, Tunisia rock phosphate give higher response than the CIRP. Direct application of rock phosphate with Fe and Al content did not increase significantly the Aldd, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 content on soil. Application of CIRP and Tunisia rock phosphate increased maize growth and yield significantly.
The Retable of the Main Altar from the Parish Church of Saint John the Baptist in Łekno (German: Bast), Dating from 1588
Authors: Zalewska Karolina 
Published: August 2018

The triptych from Łekno was painted in 1588 and commissioned by one of the five sons of Duke Philip I of Wolgast of the Griffin dynasty. The painter, who signed the work with the initials CS (and may perhaps be identified as Christoff Schreiber), used graphic patterns in the composition of biblical scenes and included crypto-portraits of Griffin rulers in the depictions of the Last Supper and Crucifixion. After Anna of Stettin married Ulrich III of Mecklenburg, another (also unknown) artist repainted the face of one of the apostles into a high-quality portrait of the duke of Mecklenburg.
Obtaining filamentous fungi and lipases from sewage treatment plant residue for fat degradation in anaerobic reactors
Authors: Lima Anna Cristina P. , Cammarota Magali C. , Gutarra Melissa L.E. 
Published: August 2018

A residue from the primary treatment of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) was used to isolate filamentous fungi with lipase production potential. Two of the 27 isolated fungi presented high hydrolysis index and were selected for lipase production by solid-state fermentation (SSF). The fermentations were conducted at 30 °C for 48 h, with moist air circulation, using 20% (w/w) of the residue mixture with a basal medium (agroindustrial residue—babassu cake), obtaining a solid enzymatic preparation (SEP) with lipase activity of 19 U/g with the fungus identified as Aspergillus terreus. Scum, collected in an anaerobic reactor operating in a WWTP, was hydrolyzed with SEP and subjected to anaerobic biodegradability tests at 30 °C. Different dilutions of crude (Control) or hydrolyzed scum in raw sewage were evaluated. The dilution of 5% (v/v) of hydrolyzed scum in raw sewage proved the most adequate, as it resulted in higher methane yield compared to the raw sewage (196 and 133 mL CH4/g CODadded, respectively), without increasing the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the treated sewage (138 and 134 mg/L). The enzymatic hydrolysis of the scum, followed by dilution in the influent sewage, is technically feasible and increases methane production in anaerobic reactors.
Fossil snakes (Squamata, Serpentes) from the tar pits of Venezuela: taxonomic, palaeoenvironmental, and palaeobiogeographical implications for the North of South America during the Cenozoic/Quaternary boundary
Authors: Onary Silvio , Rincón Ascanio D. , Hsiou Annie S. 
Published: August 2018

BackgroundTar seep deposits in South America historically are well-known for their rich record of fossil mammals, contrasting with only a few formal reports of reptile remains. Here we report a new snake fauna recovered from two tar pits from Venezuela. The fossil remains come from two localities: (a) El Breal de Orocual, which comprises an inactive tar seep estimated to be Plio/Pleistocene in age; and (b) Mene de Inciarte, an active surface asphalt deposit with an absolute age dating to the late Pleistocene.MethodsThe taxonomic identity of all specimens was assessed via consultation of the relevant literature and comparison with extant specimens. The taxonomic assignments are supported by detailed anatomical description.ResultsThe Mene de Inciarte snake fauna comprises vertebral remains identified as the genusEpicratessp. (Boidae), indeterminate viperids, and several isolated vertebrae attributable to “Colubridae” (Colubroidea,sensuZaher et al., 2009). Amongst the vertebral assemblage at El Breal de Orocual, one specimen is assigned to the genusCorallussp. (Boidae), another to cf.Micrurus(Elapidae), and several others to “Colubrids” (Colubroides,sensuZaher et al., 2009) and the Viperidae family.ConclusionsThese new records provide valuable insight into the diversity of snakes in the north of South America during the Neogene/Quaternary boundary. The snake fauna of El Breal de Orocual and Mene de Inciarte demonstrates the presence of Boidae, Viperidae, “colubrids”, and the oldest South American record of Elapidae. The presence ofCorallus,Epicrates, and viperids corroborates the mosaic palaeoenvironmental conditions of El Breal de Orocual. The presence of Colubroides within both deposits sheds light on the palaeobiogeographical pattern of caenophidians snake colonization of South America and is consistent with the hypothesis of two episodes of dispersion of Colubroides to the continent.
Local and population-level responses of Greater sage-grouse to oil and gas development and climatic variation in Wyoming
Authors: Ramey Rob R. , Thorley Joseph L. , Ivey Alexander S. 
Published: August 2018

Background
Spatial scale is important when studying ecological processes. The Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) is a large sexually dimorphic tetraonid that is endemic to the sagebrush biome of western North America. The impacts of oil and gas (OAG) development at individual leks has been well-documented. However, no previous studies have quantified the population-level response.

Methods
Hierarchical models were used to estimate the effects of the areal disturbance due to well pads as well as climatic variation on individual lek counts and Greater sage-grouse populations (management units) over 32 years. The lek counts were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models while the management units were analyzed using Gompertz population dynamic models. The models were fitted using frequentist and Bayesian methods. An information-theoretic approach was used to identify the most important spatial scale and time lags. The relative importance of OAG and climate at the local and population-level scales was assessed using information-theoretic (Akaike’s weights) and estimation (effect size) statistics.

Results
At the local scale, OAG was an important negative predictor of the lek count. At the population scale, there was only weak support for OAG as a predictor of density changes but the estimated impacts on the long-term carrying capacity were consistent with summation of the local impacts. Regional climatic variation, as indexed by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, was an important positive predictor of density changes at both the local and population level (particularly in the most recent part of the time series).

Conclusions
Additional studies to reduce the uncertainty in the range of possible effects of OAG at the population scale are required. Wildlife agencies need to account for the effects of regional climatic variation when managing sage-grouse populations.