bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrial Requirements of Materials for Electrical Double Layer Capacitors: Impact on Current and Future Applications
Authors: Schütter Christoph , Pohlmann Sebastian , Balducci Andrea 
Published: May 2019

AbstractElectrical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) are nowadays considered one of the most important energy storage technologies. In recent years, great efforts have been made toward the development of novel materials, active and inactive, suitable for the realization of advanced EDLCs displaying higher performance, especially in terms of energy, compared to the state‐of‐the‐art devices. Nevertheless, the applicability of these materials in real devices and the industrial requirements related to the development of innovative EDLCs are not always properly addressed by the scientific community. This short review addresses these two fundamental aspects, with the aim to supply an updated set of information about the industrial requirements for the materials usable in commercial EDLCs. Additionally, the review also provides an updated overview about the present and estimated future market size of EDLCs as well as present and future applications of this technology addressing the market‐specific needs. This “application‐oriented” information is pivotal for a successful development and large‐scale production of advanced EDLCs.
Living with observational data in biological anthropology
Authors: Smith Richard J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe establishment of cause and effect relationships is a fundamental objective of scientific research. Many lines of evidence can be used to make cause–effect inferences. When statistical data are involved, alternative explanations for the statistical relationship need to be ruled out. These include chance (apparent patterns due to random factors), confounding effects (a relationship between two variables because they are each associated with an unmeasured third variable), and sampling bias (effects due to preexisting properties of compared groups). The gold standard for managing these issues is a controlled randomized experiment. In disciplines such as biological anthropology, where controlled experiments are not possible for many research questions, causal inferences are made from observational data. Methods that statisticians recommend for this difficult objective have not been widely adopted in the biological anthropology literature. Issues involved in using statistics to make valid causal inferences from observational data are discussed.
Bimetallic Ni–Co‐based metal–organic framework: An open metal site adsorbent for enhancing CO2 capture
Authors: Abdoli Yekta , Razavian Marjan , Fatemi Shohreh 
Published: May 2019

An open metal site framework named UTSA‐16 was synthesized and modified as a high‐capacity adsorbent for reversible CO2 capture. Partial substitution of intrinsic Co2+ sites of UTSA‐16 with Ni2+ centres was realized in the molar composition range 0–75% Ni with the aim of increasing CO2 uptake. Synthesized bimetallic Nix‐UTSA‐16 (x = 0, 20, 50, 75) materials were characterized using various techniques to assess the influence of chemical composition on CO2 binding affinity and any subsequent physical change in morphology, crystal size and porosity on the total uptake. Experimental isotherm adsorption studies showed the following trend for CO2 adsorption capacity employing the Nix‐UTSA‐16 series: Ni20‐UTSA‐16 > UTSA‐16 > Ni50‐UTSA‐16 > Ni75‐UTSA‐16. According to the dynamic breakthrough CO2 profiles measured for a mixture of CO2 and CH4 (15/85 molar ratio), Ni20‐UTSA‐16 exhibited 2 times the breakthrough time with 1.5 times the loading capacity at 75 Nml min−1 feed flow rate, compared to the parent UTSA‐16. In addition, the Ni20‐UTSA‐16 bimetallic metal–organic framework exhibited lower isosteric heat of adsorption compared to UTSA‐16 (ΔHave = 28.54 versus 46.85 kJ mol−1). As a result, more than 95% of its capacity was restored by applying a partial vacuum for only 1 h at room temperature without involving any other time‐ and energy‐consuming regenerative step.
Solvent‐Free Enzymatic Synthesis of 1‐o‐Galloylglycerol Optimized by the Taguchi Method
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractGallic acid (GA) and its lipophilic forms, alkyl gallates, have been widely used in several industrial fields as antioxidants. However, the potential harmful effects of alkyl gallates, such as estrogenic effects, limit their application and raise safety concerns. The glycerol ester of GA, 1‐o‐galloylglycerol (GG), has not been reported to cause adverse health effects. Owing to the steric and electron‐donating effects of GA, lipase‐catalyzed synthesis of GG has not been successfully achieved. In this work, glycerol ester of GA, GG, was successfully synthesized for the first time by the enzymatic transesterification of glycerol and n‐propyl gallate (PG). GG was synthesized with an immobilized and commercially available food‐grade lipase (Lipozyme® 435) under solvent‐free (no extra solvent) conditions at atmospheric pressure and nitrogen flow. The effects of the reaction conditions, including the reaction temperature, substrate molar ratio, reaction time, and enzyme load, were optimized using the Taguchi method and regression analysis. The structure of the product was elucidated using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), electrospray ionization high‐resolution accurate‐mass tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐HRAM‐MS/MS), and 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Under the optimal conditions, GG was synthesized in 67.1 ± 1.9% yield at 50°C, 25:1 (glycerol:PG) substrate molar ratio, 120 hours, and 23.8% enzyme load relative to the total weight of the substrates.
Digital content promotion in Japan and South Korea: Government strategies for an emerging economic sector
Authors: Holroyd Carin 
Published: May 2019

AbstractAlready leading the world in the development of consumer electronics, South Korea and Japan have been leading innovators in the creation of digital content economies. Both governments recognized both the commercial potential and the employment possibilities associated with the digital content industry. The sector, however, did not fit easily with existing industrial and technological models of economic development, particularly due to the small size of digital firms, the youth culture orientation of most products and services, and the antiestablishment ethos of the creative industries generally. In Japan, digital content firms created a robust domestic market but struggled to get international market share. Government policy, therefore, has focused on building international interest in digital products. Although South Korea has enjoyed considerable success through their K‐pop cultural exports, it has really capitalized on the country's highly successful online gaming industry. South Korean policy initiatives emphasize public promotion of Korean digital content with sizeable investments in creator and incubator spaces for start‐up firms. Together with initiatives in Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, the Japanese and South Korean efforts demonstrate how Asian countries have sought to integrate the digital content sector into their national innovation strategies and to jump‐start a promising and potentially valuable economic sector.
Safe Lithium‐Metal Anodes for Li−O2 Batteries: From Fundamental Chemistry to Advanced Characterization and Effective Protection
Authors: Hong Yan‐Shuai , Zhao Chen‐Zi , Xiao Ye , Xu Rui , Xu Jing‐Jing , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Qiang , Yu Xiqian , Li Hong 
Published: May 2019

AbstractRechargeable Li−O2 batteries play an increasing important role as energy storage devices, which have both, a high capacity anode and a cathode using an inexhaustible resource. As a key component in Li−O2 batteries, the Li‐metal anode suffers from major drawbacks related to Li dendrite formation and SEI layer growth, which are also major issues for Li‐metal rechargeable batteries. This review presents an overview on the scientific challenges, fundamental mechanisms and modification strategies of Li‐metal anodes for Li−O2 batteries. Firstly, basic principles and challenges on Li‐metal anodes are briefly retrospected. We further summarize and categorize the prevailing characterization techniques based on Li dendrite morphology characterization and SEI composition analysis. The up‐to‐date development of in‐situ and operando characterization is also included. Following the obtained insights, effective protection/modification strategies towards practical application for Li−O2 batteries are presented. Furthermore, we highlight the significance of advanced characterization techniques in interrogating the buried keys for solving practical hindrances for Li−O2 batteries. The comprehensive characterization and analysis of Li anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes by various methods together with the development of novel techniques are expected to be indispensable to gain a thorough understanding of the battery operation and for offering guidelines for their practical development.
Intracellular iron uptake is favored in Hfe‐KO mouse primary chondrocytes mimicking an osteoarthritis‐related phenotype
Authors: Simão Márcio , Gavaia Paulo J. , Camacho António , Porto Graça , Pinto I. Jorge , Ea Hang‐Korng , Cancela M. Leonor 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHFE‐hemochromatosis is a disease characterized by a systemic iron overload phenotype mainly associated with mutations in the HFE protein (HFE) gene. Osteoarthritis (OA) has been reported as one of the most prevalent complications in HFE‐hemochromatosis patients, but the mechanisms associated with its onset and progression remain incompletely understood. In this study, we have characterized the response to high iron concentrations of a primary culture of articular chondrocytes isolated from newborn Hfe‐KO mice and compared the results with that of a similar experiment developed in cells from C57BL/6 wild‐type (wt) mice. Our data provide evidence that both wt‐ and Hfe‐KO‐derived chondrocytes, when exposed to 50 μM iron, develop characteristics of an OA‐related phenotype, such as an increased expression of metalloproteases, a decreased extracellular matrix production, and a lower expression level of aggrecan. In addition, Hfe‐KO cells also showed an increased expression of iron metabolism markers and MMP3, indicating an increased susceptibility to intracellular iron accumulation and higher levels of chondrocyte catabolism. Accordingly, upon treatment with 50 μM iron, these chondrocytes were found to preferentially differentiate toward hypertrophy with increased expression of collagen I and transferrin and downregulation of SRY (sex‐determining region Y)‐box containing gene 9 (Sox9). In conclusion, high iron exposure can compromise chondrocyte metabolism, which, when simultaneously affected by an Hfe loss of function, appears to be more susceptible to the establishment of an OA‐related phenotype.
A zeolite as a tool for successful refolding of PEGylated proteins and their reassembly with tertiary structures
Authors: Sonotaki Seiichi , Noguchi Keiichi , Yohda Masafumi , Murakami Yoshihiko 
Published: May 2019

AbstractIn the present study, we demonstrated zeolites' potential contribution to establish a method for preparing successfully refolded and reassembled PEGylated protein nanoparticles without the use of protein denaturants through the proteins' reassembly process. At first, the PEGylated nanoparticles are disassembled into identical PEGylated protein subunits by means of protein denaturants, and then the denatured subunits are adsorbed to zeolites. After the complete removal of denaturants, high‐molecular‐weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules are added to a solution where the zeolites suspend. Consequently, the PEGylated proteins are gradually reassembled into nanoparticles because the subunits are desorbed from the zeolites by the steric hindrance of the added PEG molecules. The present study reveals that PEGylated encapsulin was reassembled and hollow encapsulin nanoparticles were obtained. The results clearly demonstrate the usefulness of zeolites as a tool for the successful refolding of PEGylated proteins and their reassembly with tertiary structures.
Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells and tumor markers in the diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Li Yang , Tian Xudong , Gao Lei , Jiang Xiaohong , Fu Rao , Zhang Tingting , Ren Tianying , Hu Ping , Wu Yaping , Zhao Peige , Yang Dawei 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBackgroundLung cancer has the highest fatality rate of all cancer types. To improve patients’ survival and life quality, it is therefore very important to screen for and detect it at an early stage.MethodsA negative enrichment–fluorescence in situ hybridization (NE‐FISH) approach was used to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in lung cancer patients, and levels of lung cancer‐associated serum markers were also measured in the peripheral blood of these same patients. The correlation between CTCs, serum cancer markers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], CA 125, CYFRA 21‐1, and SCC), and clinicopathological characteristics was then investigated. Moreover, the potential clinical use of the combination of CTCs and tumor markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer, especially at early stages, was also explored.ResultsCTC frequencies in lung cancer patients were significantly higher than in healthy control volunteers or patients with benign lung disease, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve for the control group was 0.846 (95% CI 0.796‐0.887, P < 0.001). The rate of CTC positivity in lung cancer patients was 68.29% when the CTC cutoff value was 2, and the sensitivity of this means of lung cancer detection rose to 82.93% by combining CTC‐based detection with measurements of serum tumor markers. Similarly, the diagnostic sensitivity of this approach in early‐stage lung cancer patients (I‐II) was improved from 63.93% to 78.69%. Detection of CTCs can thus assist with the identification of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.ConclusionsIt is potentially helpful and effective to employ a combination of CTCs and serum tumor markers for the clinical diagnosis of lung cancer.
A comprehensive study of the affective and physiological responses induced by dynamic virtual reality environments
Authors: Cebeci Berk , Celikcan Ufuk , Capin Tolga K. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractPrevious studies showed that virtual reality (VR) environments can affect emotional state and cause significant changes in physiological responses. Aside from these effects, inadvertently induced cybersickness is a notorious problem faced in VR. In this study, to further investigate the effects of virtual environments (VEs) with different context, three dynamic VEs were created. Each VE had a particular purpose: evoking no emotion in Campfire (CF), unpleasant emotions in Hospital (HH), and cybersickness symptoms in Roller Coaster (RC). We made use of objective measurements of physiological responses such as pupil dilation, blinks, fixations, saccades, and heart rate, as well as subjective self‐assessments via pre‐ and post‐VE session questionnaires. While previous studies investigate different subsets of these measures, our study makes a comprehensive analysis of them jointly in dynamic VEs. The results of the study indicate that cybersickness produced higher saccade mean speed, whereas unpleasant context caused higher fixation count, saccade rate, and pupil dilation. Moreover, CF decreased anxiety, whereas HH and RC increased it and they also decreased comfort. Participants felt cybersickness in all VEs even in CF which is designed to minimize the effects.
Multiview‐coherent disocclusion synthesis using connected regions optimization
Authors: Li Ping , Jin Yuxi , Sheng Bin , Lin Di , Nie Yongwei , Wu Enhua 
Published: May 2019

AbstractHandling of missing areas is a key step for depth‐based rendering to synthesize virtual views. Existing methods usually consider finding candidate pixels from only one reference view to fill missing areas. However, the information provided by one reference view is restricted by the position of the view. By utilizing two reference views located on both the left and right sides of the virtual view, we propose to synthesize the missing areas at hole level with connected regions optimization. To avoid the appearance of ghost boundary, we apply morphological operations to generate a boundary band map for the depth map, which restricts the warping of the virtual view. We use a binary map to mark unknown pixels in a hole, label the connected unknown regions, and count the area of each connected region, which decide the order in our enhanced inpainting synthesis. Besides, we separate the foreground and background regions of the depth map to constrain the searching of candidate pixels. Multiple experiments on virtual view synthesis have shown the effectiveness and high quality of our multiview‐coherent disocclusion synthesis.
Phytochemical and Biological Activities in Limonium Species Collected in Different Biotopes of Tunisia
Authors: Souid Aymen , Bellani Lorenza , Gabriele Morena , Pucci Laura , Smaoui Abderrazak , Abdelly Chedly , Hamed Karim Ben , Longo Vincenzo 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA particular interest is nowadays given to natural antioxidants occurring in foods which can reduce the risk of several diseases through their protective effect. The genus Limonium is widely distributed in different salt regions of Tunisia and known in traditional medicine for the presence of highly effective viral and bacterial replication inhibitors. Limonium leaves have possible beneficial effects on human health for their antioxidant activities and free radical scavenging abilities. To exploit the potential of plants from extreme environments as new sources of natural antioxidants, we studied the extracts from leaves of eight Limonium species growing in extreme environments in Tunisia. Antioxidant molecules (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavonols, ascorbate, tocopherols), in vitro (DPPH, ORAC) and ex vivo antioxidant potential on human erythrocytes, antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase, peroxidases, glutathione reductase) were evaluated to identify the species with the best antioxidant capacity. The results showed variability among the species considered in function of the environmental conditions of their natural biotopes, as for the antioxidants measured. In particular, L. vulgare from Oued Rane biotope, characterized by dryness and high temperatures, was the species with the highest enzymatic activity and antioxidant capacity, making it interesting as possible edible halophyte plant or as food complement.
Micropores Induced Stereoselective Synthesis of E‐imines: Synergistic Effect between Cerium Species and Micropores in CeAlPO‐5 Molecular Sieves
Authors: Jin Yangxin , Cao Yali , Fang Guoyong , Ruan Fei , Ke Qingping 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMetal‐doped zeolitic microporous materials are often viewed as something extremely negative as catalysis for the reactions involving aromatic molecules because of severe diffusion limitation. For these reasons, many chemists aim to development of the large microporous or hierarchical micro‐mesoporous zeolites as supports that allow for the access of the “bulky” reactants. But the “small” micropore with respect to an aromatic molecules‐involving reaction is not always a negative point. Here we employed a hierarchical micro‐mesoporous CeAlPO‐5 molecular sieve (HP‐CeAlPO‐5) as the catalyst that can catalyze stereoselective synthesis of E‐imines through the reaction of alcohols with amines. Control reactions, DFT calculations and GC‐MS analyses demonstrated that the feature of the uniform “small” micropore in the HP‐CeAlPO‐5 catalyst play a key role in the stereoselective synthesis of E‐imines. In addition, the reaction tolerates a broad range of alcohols and amines, and can be performed with as little as 0.89 mole percent catalyst in more than 90.6 percent yield and about 99.7 : 0.3 stereoselective ratio. This zeolitic catalyst provides a conceptually new and practical protocol to stereoselective synthesis of E‐imine compounds.
Discovery of 6‐Arylurea‐2‐arylbenzoxazole and 6‐Arylurea‐2‐arylbenzimidazole Derivatives as Angiogenesis Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and in vitro Biological Evaluation
Authors: Zi Mengli , Liu Feifei , Wu Di , Li Ke , Zhang Da , Zhu Changcheng , Zhang Zhiyun , Li Linghua , Zhang Conghai , Xie Mingjin , Lin Jun , Zhang Jihong , Jin Yi 
Published: May 2019

AbstractWe embarked on a structural optimization campaign aimed at the discovery of novel anti‐angiogenesis agents with previously reported imidazole kinase inhibitors as a lead compound. A library of 29 compounds was synthesized. Several title compounds exhibited selective inhibitory activities against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) over epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase; these compounds also displayed selective and potent antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti‐angiogenesis activity by chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Among them, 1‐(2‐(2‐chlorophenyl)benzo[d]oxazol‐5‐yl)‐3‐(4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea (compound 5 n) showed the most potent anti‐angiogenesis capacity, efficient cytotoxic activities (in vitro against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), H1975, A549, and HeLa cell lines, with respective IC50 values of 8.46, 1.40, 7.61, and 0.28 μm), and an acceptable level of VEGFR‐2 kinase inhibition (IC50=0.25 μm). Molecular docking analysis revealed 5 n to be a type II inhibitor of VEGFR‐2 kinase. In general, these results indicate that these 6‐arylurea‐2‐arylbenzoxazole/benzimidazole derivatives are promising inhibitors of VEGFR‐2 kinase for potential development into anti‐angiogenesis drugs.
Profile of the unfolded protein response in rat cerebellar cortical development
Authors: Naughton Michelle , McMahon Jill , Healy Sinéad , FitzGerald Una 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe unfolded protein response (UPR) has been reported during normal development of cortical neurons and cerebellar white matter and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of neurological conditions, such as Marinesco‐Sjogren syndrome and Borna virus infection, which result in cerebellar defects. The UPR is initiated when the processing capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is overwhelmed. Misfolded proteins accumulate and can activate ER stress sensors; PKR‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), activated transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and their downstream targets glucose‐regulated protein 78 (GRP78), glucose‐regulated protein 94 (GRP94) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). In order to provide a fuller appreciation of the possible importance of ER stress‐associated proteins in the context of cerebellar disease, we have profiled the expression of ER stress sensors and their downstream targets in the developing cerebellar cortex in postnatal rat. Activation of PERK and IRE1 stress sensors was observed for the first time in normally developing granule cell precursors. A second proliferative pPERK‐positive population was also detected in the internal granular layer (IGL). In general, the density of UPR protein‐positive cells was found to decrease significantly when profiles in early and late postnatal ages were compared. These data may be relevant to studies of medulloblastoma and warrant further investigation.