bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus DNA in tonsillar tissue from patients with chronic tonsillitis in Mexican population
Authors: Gonzalez-Lucano Luis Renee , Vasquez-Armenta Gabriela Vazquez , Pereira-Suarez Ana Laura , Ramirez-de Arellano Adrian , Ramirez-de los Santos Saul , Lopez-Pulido Edgar Ivan 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection prevails in underdeveloped and developing countries. The tonsils seem to be candidate replication sites for EBV and some studies have exposed a close association among viral infections and chronic tonsillitis. The objective of this study was identifying the EBV prevalence in Mexican patients who had undergone tonsillectomy because of chronic tonsillitis.
Methodology: Frozen tissues and medical records were obtained from 50 Mexican patients. DNA was extracted and subjected to PCR to amplify the EBER-2 region of EBV. Next, the patients were classified according to general and clinical characteristics searching a relation with the EBV-DNA positivity.
Results: EBV genome was detected in 46% (23/50) of the analysed tonsil tissues. Trends were found regarding the relationship of viral presence with lower values in terms of age (6.1 ± 2.8 vs 7.6 ± 3.7) , a greater degree of hypertrophy (3.5 ± 0.4 vs 3.0 ± 0.6) and an increase in the number of episodes of tonsillitis (11 ± 7.4 vs 9 ± 6.5).
Conclusions: The prevalence found of EBV-DNA positivity in tonsillar tissues from patients diagnosed with chronic tonsillitis , supports the fact that palatine tonsils can be occupied by EBV and highlights the importance of conducting future studies focused on understanding the role of the EBV infection in chronic inflammatory processes in the population involved in this study.
Emergence of mcr-1 mediated colistin resistant Escherichia coli from a hospitalized patient in Bangladesh
Authors: Farzana Refath , Jones Lim S , Rahman Md. Anisur , Toleman Mark A , Sands Kirsty , Portal Edward , Boostrom Ian , Kalam Md. Abul , Hassan Brekhna , Uddin AKM Nasir , Walsh Timothy R 
Published: September 2019

Introduction: The emergence of plasmid mediated mcr in bacteria has become global public health threat. Herein, we report a mcr-1 positive E. coli in normal human flora from a patient admitted in Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH).
Methodology: In total, 700 non-duplicate rectal swabs were collected from DMCH during 13th May to 12th June 2018. E. coli from rectal swabs were isolated on chromogenic UTI media containing vancomycin 10mg/l (Liofilchem, Italy) and confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by agar dilution and interpreted according to EUCAST breakpoints. Genomic analysis of mcr positive E. coli (MCRPEC) was performed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using S1 nuclease DNA digests and blamcr-1 probing. Transferability of blamcr-1 were determined by conjugation assays.
Results: We found one MCRPEC from 700 rectal swab screening which was isolated from the rectal swab culture of a 17-year boy who was admitted to the burns ICU, DMCH with 53% flame burn involving much of the trunk and face. Genome sequencing revealed that mcr-1 was present on an IncH12 plasmid of 257,243 bp and flanked by ISApaI1. The colistin resistance can be transferred to the recipient Klebsiella varricola with a frequency of 8.3 × 10-5. Transconjugants were more resistant to colistin than donor (MIC 32 µg/mL).
Conclusions: This is the first human associated mcr in Bangladesh. These data indicate the need for a systematic “one health” surveillance in the country.
Paroles d’outre-tombe
Authors: Muraro Dorothée 
Published: September 2019

À l’ère du numérique où notre rapport au temps et à l’écrit se voit bouleversé et transformé, la question de la mort – et plus précisément du mort – prend une place tout à fait inédite dans notre société par le biais de ce que l’on appelle aujourd’hui l’héritage numérique. Parce que l’on se sait condamné par une maladie – voire que l’on est prêt à en finir avec la vie –, par simple précaution, ou encore par prévenance envers ceux qui nous sont chers, nous avons tous la possibilité de transmettre post mortem des messages écrits, audio ou vidéo, tout au long de la vie de nos proches, et ce de manière programmée. Comment considérer ces signifiants de l’au-delà, ces nouvelles paroles d’outre-tombe promettant et incarnant une vie 2.0 après la mort ?
Réduire le temps assis en milieu professionnel : l’étude « Sédentarité au travail » (SAuT)
Authors: Marchant Gonzalo , Nicaise Virginie , Chastin Sébastien , Boiché Julie 
Published: September 2019

Objectif	: La présente recherche a pour but d’évaluer les effets d’une intervention sur la réduction du temps passé en position assise en contexte professionnel.	Méthode	: L’intervention consistait en une présentation collective sur la sédentarité et les pauses actives au travail, suivie d’une phase individuelle de planification. Les participants étaient ensuite invités à utiliser un logiciel d’alerte pendant quatre semaines. L’intervention a duré six semaines ; 38 personnes âgées de 29 à 59 ans ont participé (80 % de femmes). Avant et après l’intervention, les comportements (sédentarité et activité physique) ont été évalués avec des accéléromètres, et le degré d’automaticité envers la position assise et les pauses actives a été mesuré par questionnaire.	Résultats	: Suite à l’intervention, le temps passé en position assise au cours d’une journée de travail a diminué de façon significative. Plus précisément, le temps passé assis a davantage diminué chez les personnes âgées entre 29 et 43 ans, qui avaient décidé de faire des pauses d’une durée d’au moins cinq minutes chacune, et qui présentaient des séquences de temps assis plus longues avant l’intervention.	Conclusion	: Cette étude a démontré que le fait de combiner une stratégie informationnelle avec des alertes générées par ordinateur ou téléphone portable permet de réduire le temps de sédentarité au travail. Cette intervention est peu coûteuse pour les salariés et les entreprises. Une perspective intéressante pourrait être de comparer ces effets à ceux d’interventions basées sur une modification de l’environnement physique de travail, tels que l’installation de bureaux réglables.
Les maladies non-transmissibles au Sud tunisien : profil de morbi-mortalité et tendances chronologiques
Authors: Ben Ayed Houda , Jedidi Jihène , Yaich Sourour , Mejdoub Yosra , Ben Hmida Mariem , Trigui Maroua , Ben Jemaa Maissa , Karray Raouf , Feki Habib , Kassis Mondher , Damak Jamel 
Published: September 2019

Objectif	: Les maladies non transmissibles (MNT) représentent un problème majeur de santé publique dans le monde. Leur impact sur la charge de morbi-mortalité fait de l’étude de leurs tendances chronologiques au cours du temps une priorité de surveillance épidémiologique. Notre objectif était de déterminer les spécificités épidémiologiques des MNT et d’étudier leurs tendances chronologiques durant la période 2010-2015.	Matériel et méthodes	: Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective exhaustive des données du registre de morbidité et de mortalité concernant tous les patients hospitalisés pour MNT au centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU) Hédi Chaker de Sfax (Sud tunisien) durant la période 2010-2015.	Résultats	: Nous avons inclus 18 081 patients atteints de MNT d’âge ≥ 25 ans. La répartition des MNT était caractérisée par la prédominance des maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) (10 346 cas ; 57,2 %). L’étude des tendances chronologiques des MNT entre 2010 et 2015 a montré que l’évolution globale des MNT était stable. De même pour le groupe des cancers, des pathologies respiratoires chroniques et du diabète sucré. Cependant, les MCV ont significativement augmenté entre 2010 et 2015 (ρ = 0,84 ; p = 0,036). La proportion des MCV a significativement augmenté aussi bien chez les hommes (ρ = 0,87 ; p = 0,019) que chez les sujets âgés (ρ = 0,88 ; p = 0,019). Le taux de mortalité hospitalière des MNT a significativement augmenté (ρ = 0,85 ; p = 0,031), notamment pour les MCV (ρ = 0,94 ; p = 0,005).	Conclusion	: L’étude des tendances chronologiques a révélé une ascension importante de la charge de morbi-mortalité des MCV. Il est impératif ainsi de renforcer les soins de santé à l’intention de ces patients et d’instaurer le concept de « prévention intégrée des MNT » comme composante essentielle du système de santé des populations.
Athletic Trainer Services in the Secondary School Setting: The Athletic Training Locations and Services Project
Authors: Huggins Robert A. , Coleman Kelly A. , Attanasio Sarah M. , Cooper G. Larry , Endres Brad D. , Harper Ronald C. , Huemme Kasey L. , Morris Rachel F. , Pike Lacy Alicia M. , Peterson Bart C. , Pryor Riana R. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: September 2019

Context
Previous research from a sample of US secondary schools (n = 10 553) indicated that 67% of schools had access to an athletic trainer (AT; 35% full time [FT], 30% part time [PT], and 2% per diem). However, the population-based statistic in all secondary schools with athletic programs (n = approximately 20 000) is yet to be determined.

Objective
To determine the level of AT services and employment status in US secondary schools with athletics by National Athletic Trainers' Association district.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Public and private secondary schools with athletics.

Patients or Other Participants
Data from all 20 272 US public and private secondary schools were obtained.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Data were collected from September 2015 to April 2018 by phone or e-mail communication with school administrators or ATs and by online surveys of secondary school ATs. Employment categories were school district, school district with teaching, medical or university facility, and independent contractor. Data are presented as total number and percentage of ATs. Descriptive statistics were calculated for FT, PT, and no AT services data for public, private, public + private, and employment type by state and by National Athletic Trainers' Association district.

Results
Of the 20 272 secondary schools, 66% (n = 13 473) had access to AT services, while 34% (n = 6799) had no access. Of those schools with AT services, 53% (n = 7119) received FT services, while 47% (n = 6354) received PT services. Public schools (n = 16 076) received 37%, 32%, and 31%, whereas private schools (n = 4196) received 27%, 28%, and 45%, for FT, PT, and no AT services, respectively. Most of the Athletic Training Locations and Services Survey participants (n = 6754, 57%) were employed by a medical or university facility, followed by a school district, school district with teaching, and independent contractor. Combined, 38% of AT employment was via the school district.

Conclusions
The percentages of US schools with AT access and FT and PT services were similar to those noted in previous research. One-third of secondary schools had no access to AT services. The majority of AT employment was via medical or university facilities. These data depict the largest and most updated representation of AT services in secondary schools.
A Tale of Two Dust Storms: analysis of a complex dust event in the Middle East
Authors: Miller Steven D. , Grasso Louie D. , Bian Qijing , Kreidenweis Sonia M. , Dostalek Jack F. , Solbrig Jeremy E. , Bukowski Jennifer , van den Heever Susan C. , Wang Yi , Xu Xiaoguang , Wang Jun , Walker Annette L. , Wu Ting-Chi , Zupanski Milija , Chiu Christine , Reid Jeffrey S. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Lofted mineral dust over data-sparse regions presents
considerable challenges to satellite-based remote sensing methods and
numerical weather prediction alike. The southwest Asia domain is replete
with such examples, with its diverse array of dust sources, dust mineralogy,
and meteorologically driven lofting mechanisms on multiple spatial and
temporal scales. A microcosm of these challenges occurred over 3–4 August 2016 when two dust plumes, one lofted within an inland dry air mass and
another embedded within a moist air mass, met over the southern Arabian
Peninsula. Whereas conventional infrared-based techniques readily detected
the dry air mass dust plume, they experienced marked difficulties in
detecting the moist air mass dust plume, becoming apparent when
visible reflectance revealed the plume crossing over an adjacent dark water
background. In combining information from numerical modeling,
multi-satellite and multi-sensor observations of lofted dust and moisture
profiles, and idealized radiative transfer simulations, we develop a better
understanding of the environmental controls of this event, characterizing
the sensitivity of infrared-based dust detection to column water vapor, dust
vertical extent, and dust optical properties. Differences in assumptions of
dust complex refractive index translate to variations in the sign and
magnitude of the split-window brightness temperature difference commonly
used for detecting mineral dust. A multi-sensor technique for mitigating the
radiative masking effects of water vapor via modulation of the split-window
dust-detection threshold, predicated on idealized simulations tied to these
driving factors, is proposed and demonstrated. The new technique, indexed to
an independent description of the surface-to-500 hPa atmospheric column
moisture, reveals parts of the missing dust plume embedded in the moist air
mass, with the best performance realized over land surfaces.
Pet ownership and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: another look
Authors: Parslow Ruth A , Jorm Anthony F 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjective: To test the claim that pet ownership reduces cardiovascular risk.Design: Community survey.Participants: 2528 adults aged 40–44 years and 2551 aged 60–64 years who lived in the Australian Capital Territory and Queanbeyan, New South Wales, and were drawn randomly from the Australian electoral roll in 2000 and 2001.Main outcome measures: Sociodemographic measures, including pet ownership, and measures of physical health (including body mass index [BMI], alcohol and cigarette consumption, and levels of physical activity). Two readings of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were also taken.Results: While pet owners and non‐pet owners had similar levels of systolic blood pressure, those with pets had significantly higher diastolic blood pressure. Pet owners also had higher BMI and were more likely to smoke. While those with pets undertook more mild physical activity, they continued to have significantly higher diastolic blood pressure after controlling for hypertensive risk factors.Conclusions: In this study, we found no evidence that pet ownership per se is associated with cardiovascular health benefits. Rather, pet owners had higher diastolic blood pressure than those without pets. It is likely that this increased health risk is linked to other hypertensive risk factors that are only indirectly associated with pet ownership.
Baseline Objective Inflammation by Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Therapeutic Benefit in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis With Poor Prognosis
Authors: Ahmad Harris A. , Baker Joshua F. , Østergaard Mikkel , Emery Paul , Durez Patrick , Ye June , Banerjee Subhashis , Conaghan Philip G. 
Published: September 2019

ObjectiveHigh magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–detected inflammation is associated with greater progression and poorer outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis aimed to determine if baseline MRI inflammation was related to clinical response and remission in the Assessing Very Early Rheumatoid arthritis Treatment (AVERT) study.MethodsAVERT was a phase IIIb, randomized, controlled trial with a 12‐month, double‐blind treatment period enrolling patients with early (≤2 years' duration), anti‐citrullinated peptide–positive methotrexate (MTX)‐naive RA. In this post hoc analysis, patients in the abatacept plus MTX (n = 114) and MTX (n = 111) arms with available MRI results were stratified into low and high baseline MRI inflammation groups based on previously developed cutoffs of synovitis and osteitis on unilateral hand–wrist contrast‐enhanced MRI. Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) remission (≤3.3), Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) remission (≤2.8), Boolean remission, and Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C‐reactive protein level (<2.6) were assessed.ResultsOverall, 100 of 225 patients (44.4%) had high baseline MRI inflammation. In patients with high baseline MRI inflammation, a significantly greater proportion achieved remission at 12 months with abatacept plus MTX versus MTX across SDAI (45.1% versus 16.3%; P = 0.0022), CDAI (47.1% versus 20.4%; P = 0.0065), and Boolean indices (39.2% versus 16.3%; P = 0.0156). In patients with low baseline MRI inflammation, remission rates were not significantly different with abatacept plus MTX versus MTX (SDAI: 39.7% versus 32.3%; P = 0.4961).ConclusionIn seropositive, MTX‐naive patients with early RA and presence of objectively measured high inflammation by MRI, indicating poor prognosis, remission rates were higher with abatacept plus MTX treatment versus MTX.
Modified Ceria for “Low‐Temperature” CO2Utilization: A Chemical Looping Route to Exploit Industrial Waste Heat
Authors: Haribal Vasudev Pralhad , Wang Xijun , Dudek Ryan , Paulus Courtney , Turk Brian , Gupta Raghubir , Li Fanxing 
Published: September 2019

AbstractEfficient CO2utilization is key to limit global climate change. Carbon monoxide, which is a crucial feedstock for chemical synthesis, can be produced by splitting CO2. However, existing thermochemical routes are energy intensive requiring high operating temperatures. A hybrid redox process (HRP) involving CO2‐to‐CO conversion using a lattice oxygen‐deprived redox catalyst at relatively low temperatures (<700 °C) is reported. The lattice oxygen of the redox catalyst, restored during CO2‐splitting, is subsequently used to convert methane to syngas. Operated at temperatures significantly lower than a number of industrial waste heat sources, this cyclic redox process allows for efficient waste heat‐utilization to convert CO2. To enable the low temperature operation, lanthanum modified ceria (1:1 Ce:La) promoted by rhodium (0.5 wt%) is reported as an effective redox catalyst. Near‐complete CO2conversion with a syngas yield of up to 83% at low temperatures is achieved using Rh‐promoted LaCeO4−x. While La improves low‐temperature bulk redox properties of ceria, Rh considerably enhances the surface catalytic properties for methane activation. Density functional theory calculations further illustrate the underlying functions of La‐substitution. The highly effective redox catalyst and HRP scheme provide a potentially attractive route for chemical production using CO2, industrial waste heat, and methane, with appreciably lowered CO2emissions.
Multifunctional Transition Metal‐Based Phosphides in Energy‐Related Electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Yang , Dong Zihao , Jiao Lifang 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe exploitation of cheap and efficient electrocatalysts is the key to make energy‐related electrocatalytic techniques commercially viable. In recent years, transition metal phosphides (TMPs) electrocatalysts have gained a great deal of attention owing to their multifunctional active sites, tunable structure, and composition, as well as unique physicochemical properties. This review summarizes the up‐to‐date progress on TMPs in energy‐related electrocatalysis from diversified synthetic methods, ingenious‐modulated strategies, and novel applications. In order to set forth theory–structure–performance relationships upon TMPs, the corresponding reaction mechanisms, electrocatalytsts' structure/composition designs and desired electrochemical performance are jointly discussed, along with demonstrating their practical electrocatalytic applications in overall water splitting, metal–air batteries, lithium–sulfur batteries, etc. In the end, some underpinning issues and research orientations of TMPs toward efficient energy‐related electrocatalysis are briefly proposed.
Trapping and Reactivity of a Molecular Aluminium Oxide Ion
Authors: Hicks Jamie , Heilmann Andreas , Vasko Petra , Goicoechea Jose M. , Aldridge Simon 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAluminium oxides constitute an important class of inorganic compound that are widely exploited in the chemical industry as catalysts and catalyst supports. Due to the tendency for such systems to aggregate via Al‐O‐Al bridges, the synthesis of well‐defined, soluble, molecular models for these materials is challenging. Here we show that reactions of the potassium aluminyl complex K2[(NON)Al]2(NON=4,5‐bis(2,6‐diiso‐propylanilido)‐2,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene) with CO2, PhNCO and N2O all proceed via a common aluminium oxide intermediate. This highly reactive species can be trapped by coordination of a THF molecule as the anionic oxide complex [(NON)AlO(THF)]−, which features discrete Al−O bonds and dimerizes in the solid state via weak O⋅⋅⋅K interactions. This species reacts with a range of small molecules including N2O (to give a hyponitrite ([N2O2]2−) complex) and H2, the latter offering an unequivocal example of heterolytic E−H bond cleavage across a main group M−O bond.
Enantioselektive Desymmetrisierung von Cyclobutanonen: Eine Schnellstraße zu molekularer Komplexität
Authors: Sietmann Jan , Wahl Johannes M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCyclobutanone eignen sich besonders gut für enantioselektive Desymmetrisierungen, da ihre inhärente Ringspannung eine Vielzahl ungewöhnlicher Reaktionen ermöglicht. Aktuelle Methoden umfassen α‐Funktionalisierungen, Umlagerungen und C‐C‐Aktivierungen, die Cyclobutanone direkt in eine Fülle chiraler Verbindungen mit oftmals biologischer Relevanz umwandeln. Dieser Kurzaufsatz soll einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Methoden geben, die in nur einem einzigen Schritt komplexe Moleküle aus prochiralen Cyclobutanonen erzeugen.
Enantioselective Desymmetrization of Cyclobutanones: A Speedway to Molecular Complexity
Authors: Sietmann Jan , Wahl Johannes M. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractCyclobutanones hold a privileged role in enantioselective desymmetrization because their inherent ring strain allows for a variety of unusual reactions to occur. Current strategies include α‐functionalization, rearrangement, and C−C bond activation to directly convert cyclobutanones into a wide range of enantiomerically enriched compounds, including many biologically significant scaffolds. This Minireview provides an overview of state‐of‐the‐art methods that generate complexity from prochiral cyclobutanones in a single operation.
Invasion biology, ecology, and management of Frankliniella occidentalis in China
Authors: Zhang Bin , Qian Wanqiang , Qiao Xi , Xi Yu , Wan Fanghao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractFrankliniella occidentalis is an economically important invasive pest worldwide, which can damage various horticultural crops and ornamental plants. F. occidentalis was first intercepted in Kunming, Yunnan province in 2000, and first reported to establish a population in Beijing, China in 2003. Since then, this pest is currently distributed across tens of provinces in mainland China and cause increasingly serious damage and loss. To control this pest, invasion biology, monitoring, and integrated pest management have been generally and intensively studied for 15 years in China. Furthermore, western flower thrips (WFT) as an important invasive insect pest, the research achievements on WFT has contributed to the promotion of technological innovation and development for invasive alien species management strategies and techniques in China. This review provides an overview for research on the biology, ecology, prevention, and management of this pest during 15 years in China. Meanwhile, China's “4E action” strategy on F. occidentalis is also discussed in this review.