bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of heart rate variability analysis to detect arrhythmias in horses undergoing a standard treadmill exercise test
Authors: Frick Ladina , Schwarzwald Colin C. , Mitchell Katharyn J. 
Published: December 2018

BackgroundLittle is known about normal heart rate variability (HRV) in horses during exercise. It can be difficult to separate premature beats from normal beat‐to‐beat variation at higher heart rates.ObjectivesThe aim was to quantify HRV in healthy horses during a high‐speed treadmill‐standardized exercise test (HSET) and to compare with the HRV in horses observed to have arrhythmias during exercise.AnimalsThirteen healthy horses (Group H), 30 horses with arrhythmias (Group A), and 11 horses with poor performance but no observed arrhythmias (Group O).MethodsProspective, observational study. All horses performed a HSET with simultaneous electrocardiograph (ECG) recorded. The ECGs were corrected for artifacts, and arrhythmias noted. Percent instantaneous beat‐to‐beat cycle length variation (% R‐R variation) was calculated, and HRV analyses were performed on trot, canter, and recovery segments.ResultsGroup H showed between −4.4 and +3.8% R‐R variation during trot and between −6.1 and +5.4% R‐R variation during the canter phase of the HSET. Group A had significantly larger maximum and 1st percentile R‐R shortening and lengthening compared with Group H and Group O during the recovery phase where most arrhythmias were observed. During recovery, a cutoff of 6% maximum % R‐R shortening predicted the presence of arrhythmia with 88% sensitivity and 97% specificity and likelihood ratio of 26.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceHealthy horses have little instantaneous R‐R variation during exercise. If a cardiac cycle shortens more than 6% from the previous cycle during the recovery phase, this R‐R interval is likely to represent an arrhythmic event.
IV. CO‐CONSTRUCTION OF ATTACHMENT REPRESENTATIONS AND AFFECT‐REGULATING COGNITIONS: THE ROLE OF MATERNAL ATTACHMENT SECURITY
Authors: Waters Harriet S. , Steiner Michelle A. , Zaman Widaad , Apetroaia Adela , Crowell Judith A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThis study focused on the role of maternal co‐construction skills in building attachment relevant representations in early childhood. Thirty‐four mothers and their 4‐ to 5‐year‐old children were presented with two co‐construction tasks, one an attachment storytelling task, the other an affect discussion task about emotion‐laden situations. Maternal co‐construction skills were assessed with several scales that scored the quality of the co‐construction partnership, the mother's skill in prompting elaboration, and helping build an explanatory framework. Mothers completed the Attachment Script Assessment (ASA) and the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) as well. Results indicated that mothers’ secure base script knowledge (ASA) was significantly related to communication effectiveness, encouraging elaboration of storylines, and using open‐ended and why questions. Maternal AAI coherence showed similar relations to co‐construction support.
VII. MATERNAL SECURE BASE SCRIPT KNOWLEDGE AND JUDGMENTS OF MOTHER–CHILD INTERACTIONS
Authors: Waters Harriet S. , Corcoran David M. , Waters Theodore E. A. 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have shown that mothers with high script scores are better at providing secure base support in naturalistic settings. In the current study, we examine whether maternal script knowledge guides mothers’ expectations and judgments of mother–child interactions, providing a bridge between their knowledge and behavior. Forty mothers were asked to use a new Parental Secure Base Q‐set designed to characterize a typical mother–child play day at a park. Furthermore, video clips from mother–child joint storytelling sessions, already scored for maternal co‐construction skills (from Chapter IV), were presented. The mothers rated the videotaped mothers’ interaction skills on several quality of interaction scales (sensitivity to signals, cooperation vs. inference, affect regulation). Results indicated that mothers with high script scores showed greater understanding of secure base support (Q‐sort data) and an observant “eye” for skillful mother–child interaction, particularly with respect to noting less effective mother–child interactions. These findings support the hypothesis that secure base script knowledge is linked to broad‐based understanding of secure base support across contexts.
Mindfulness and burnout among bedside registered nurses: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Xiaohui , Xiao Hui , Cui Naixue , Sun Liang , Xu Yuhua 
Published: December 2018

AbstractNursing is a high stress job, and burnout of nurses is of particular concern. The aim of this cross‐sectional survey study was to examine the relationship between mindfulness and burnout, and how the mindfulness facets vary in their associations with the different domains of burnout for Chinese nurses. A sample of registered bedside nurses working in a tertiary Chinese hospital (n = 763) was surveyed from February to June 2017 regarding mindfulness (i.e. acting with awareness, describing, and non‐judging of experiences), burnout (i.e. emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment), and sociodemographic and job‐related characteristics. Higher scores on the three facets of mindfulness were associated with less emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and acting with awareness showed the highest regression coefficients. Personal accomplishment was positively associated with acting with awareness and describing, whereas it was negatively related to non‐judging of experiences. Describing was the strongest facet associated with personal accomplishment. In conclusion, there were clearly correlations between mindfulness as a personal trait and burnout among Chinese bedside nurses. These findings suggest the potential benefits of tailored mindfulness‐based interventions in reducing nurse burnout in China.
Mediating effects of fatigue on the relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, depression, and quality of life in patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Bai Yu‐Ling , Chang Yong‐Yuan , Chiou Chou‐Ping , Lee Bih‐O 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore how hemodialysis patients' quality of life is related to sociodemographic data and depression as predicting variables, and how it is affected by fatigue as a mediating variable. Participants were 405 patients who has been receiving hemodialysis treatment regularly. SPSS Amos path analysis was used to explore the causal relationship and the mediating effect of fatigue among the variables of sociodemographic characteristics, depression, and quality of life. Unstandardized estimates determined that while sociodemographic characteristics were a significant predictor of fatigue, they were not directly related to quality of life. The results showed that depression and fatigue in patients receiving hemodialysis are important factors that affect patients' quality of life to a greater (fatigue) or lesser (depression) extent. Depression can affect patients' quality of life either directly or indirectly via fatigue. In this study, we demonstrated that fatigue plays an important role in the relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, depression, and quality of life in patients receiving hemodialysis. The results of the study further suggest that comprehensive management programs should be applied with patients to reduce their fatigue, and ultimately to improve their quality of life.
First record of Mesozoic scroll coprolites: classification, characteristics, elemental composition and probable producers
Authors: Rakshit Nibedita , Bhat Mohd Shafi , Mukherjee Debarati , Ray Sanghamitra 
Published: December 2018

AbstractMultiple, small, cylindrical scroll coprolites having rounded and tapering ends and pertaining to a new ichnotaxon have been recovered from the Upper Triassic Tiki Formation of India. This is the first record of scroll coprolites from the Mesozoic. Based on cross‐sectional geometry, external surface textures, and internal morphology, these coprolites are subdivided into three morphotypes. The coprolites contain several kinds of undigested food material in the form of ganoid fish scales, teeth, lower jaw and skeletal remains of various osteichthyans, chondrichthyans, archosauriforms and indeterminate reptiles. These inclusions are embedded in the groundmass separated by thin mucosal layers. The groundmass contains abundant gas vesicles, and secondarily‐filled shrinkage cracks. EDS analysis shows that the overall composition of the coprolites reflects Ca, P, C and O, suggesting calcium phosphate mineralogy, though other elements such as Fe, Mn, Al, Si are present in lesser proportions. Based on their similarity with the scrolled faeces of extant euryhaline hammerhead sharks, it is deduced that these coprolites were produced by euryhaline hybodontid sharks. At least two hybodontid taxa, Lonchidion and Pristrisodus, show high prevalence in the Tiki vertebrate fauna, suggesting that these were the possible producers. As the coprolite inclusions contain remains of other aquatic animals, these carnivorous hybodonts constituted the dominant predators of the Tiki aquatic ecosystem.
Incidence of adverse events attributable to bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension or plain bupivacaine for postoperative pain in pediatric surgical patients: A retrospective matched cohort analysis
Authors: Cohen Barak , Glosser Logan , Saab Remie , Walters Michael , Salih Ahmed , Zafeer‐Khan Mohammad , Rivas Eva , Zhang Kan , Schacham Nadav Y. , Chodavarapu Praneeta , Essber Hani , Chelnick David , Raza Syed , Hanline CeCelia , Khoshknabi Dilara , Yang Dongsheng , Seif John , Chhabada Surendrasingh , Turan Alparslan 
Published: December 2018

SummaryBackgroundSurgical wound infiltration with local anesthetics is common as part of multimodal analgesia and enhanced recovery pathways in pediatric surgical patients. Liposomal bupivacaine can provide up to 92 hours of pain relief, and was approved by the U.S Food and Drug Administration for local infiltration in adults. It is also commonly used by pediatric surgeons, but its safety profile in this age group has not been described.AimsThe aim of this study was to describe the incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity syndrome in pediatric surgical patients receiving liposomal bupivacaine compared to plain bupivacaine for surgical wound infiltration.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, single center, assessor blinded cohort study of pediatric surgical inpatients having open or laparoscopic surgery in the Cleveland Clinic between 2013 and 2017 and receiving wound infiltration with local anesthetics. We compared the incidence of local anesthetic systemic toxicity among those who received any dose of liposomal bupivacaine and those who received plain bupivacaine. Groups were matched 1:2 according to procedure type, age, and physical status score. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity was primarily defined as at least two signs or symptoms possibly related to anesthetic toxicity, as judged by two independent adjudicators blinded to the type of local anesthetic. A sensitivity analysis compared the incidence of a single sign/symptom possibly related to anesthetic toxicity.ResultsA total of 924 surgical cases were included in the final analysis (356 liposomal bupivacaine and 568 plain bupivacaine cases). The primary outcome did not occur in any patient. The sensitivity analysis found three cases in the liposomal bupivacaine group and two cases in the plain bupivacaine group having a single sign/symptom possibly related to local anesthetic administration (relative risk 2.4, 95% CI 0.4‐14.0, P = 0.38).ConclusionIn a cohort of pediatric surgical patients receiving wound infiltration with either plain or liposomal bupivacaine, we identified no cases of local anesthetic systemic toxicity syndrome, and only few patients with any sign or symptom that could potentially be related to local anesthetic toxicity.
Efficient production of antifungal proteins in plants using a new transient expression vector derived from tobacco mosaic virus
Authors: Shi Xiaoqing , Cordero Teresa , Garrigues Sandra , Marcos Jose F. , Daròs José‐Antonio , Coca María 
Published: December 2018

SummaryFungi that infect plants, animals or humans pose a serious threat to human health and food security. Antifungal proteins (AFPs) secreted by filamentous fungi are promising biomolecules that could be used to develop new antifungal therapies in medicine and agriculture. They are small highly stable proteins with specific potent activity against fungal pathogens. However, their exploitation requires efficient, sustainable and safe production systems. Here, we report the development of an easy‐to‐use, open access viral vector based on Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). This new system allows the fast and efficient assembly of the open reading frames of interest in small intermediate entry plasmids using the Gibson reaction. The manipulated TMV fragments are then transferred to the infectious clone by a second Gibson assembly reaction. Recombinant proteins are produced by agroinoculating plant leaves with the resulting infectious clones. Using this simple viral vector, we have efficiently produced two different AFPs in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, namely the Aspergillus giganteus AFP and the Penicillium digitatum AfpB. We obtained high protein yields by targeting these bioactive small proteins to the apoplastic space of plant cells. However, when AFPs were targeted to intracellular compartments, we observed toxic effects in the host plants and undetectable levels of protein. We also demonstrate that this production system renders AFPs fully active against target pathogens, and that crude plant extracellular fluids containing the AfpB can protect tomato plants from Botrytis cinerea infection, thus supporting the idea that plants are suitable biofactories to bring these antifungal proteins to the market.
The effectiveness of topical therapy combined with 308‐nm excimer laser on vitiligo compared to excimer laser monotherapy in pediatric patients
Authors: Li Lili , Liang Yanping , Hong Jiqiong , Lan Lizhen , Xiao Hewei , Xie Zhi 
Published: December 2018

AbstractWe evaluated the efficiency of using a 308‐nm excimer laser with either tacrolimus, pimecrolimus, or halometasone for the treatment of childhood vitiligo. Patients who received combined treatments had significantly higher rates of repigmentation in comparison with individuals who underwent excimer laser alone therapy. Moreover, patients who received treatment with excimer laser and halometasone had significantly higher rates of repigmentation, even higher than individuals who were treated with tacrolimus combined or pimecrolimus combined. This regimen was more effective on the face, neck, and limbs. We conclude that the use of a combined excimer laser and halometasone cream has a greater therapeutic effect than laser alone.
Chlorogenic acid‐mediated chemical defence of plants against insect herbivores
Authors: Kundu A. , Vadassery J. 
Published: December 2018

AbstractChlorogenic acid is one of the most abundant beneficial polyphenols in plants and is well known as a nutritional antioxidant in plant‐based foods. Apart from its dietary antioxidant activity, it has been proved to be an efficient defence molecule against a broad range of insect herbivores. In the last two decades, several reports have shown the effectiveness of chlorogenic acid in insect growth deterrence. The pathway for chlorogenic acid biosynthesis in plants was previously elucidated, and metabolic engineering of the principal pathway showed high chlorogenic acid production in tomato plants. Herbivore‐mediated induction of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis was also demonstrated both at metabolite and transcript level, although herbivore‐mediated molecular regulation of chlorogenic acid biosynthesis is not yet fully elucidated. In this communication, we present our views on the efficacy of chlorogenic acid as an anti‐herbivore defence molecule in plants and also discuss its future outlook.
Tearing behaviour of two types of leather: A comparative study carried out at the local scale using the full kinematic and thermal field measurement techniques
Authors: Di Cesare Noëlie , Corvec Guillaume , Le Cam Jean‐Benoît , Balandraud Xavier , Gauffreteau Julien 
Published: December 2018

AbstractLeather materials undergo various strain and stress states during their elaboration process and their application in numerous different functions. Among the key properties required for such materials, tearing resistance appears as one of the most important. In this paper, the tearing behaviour of two types of leather, a grain pigskin leather and a grain calf leather, was investigated at the local scale using the full‐field techniques. During the tests, thermal fields were measured at the surface of the two leathers by means of an infrared camera. Measurements of the displacement and deformation fields were also performed at the surface of the pigskin sample using the digital image correlation technique, which was not possible for the calf sample due to surface wrinkling. The results obtained enable us to discuss and compare the tearing resistance of both leathers in terms of the thermal activity in the zone of influence of the crack. The best tearing resistance was obtained for the grain calf leather that has undergone a retanning operation and whose matrix contained a plasticiser.
Irritative potency of selected wound antiseptics in the hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane to predict their compatibility to wounds
Authors: Harnoss Julian Camill , Elrub Qasim Mahmoud Abu , Jung Jin‐On , Koburger Torsten , Assadian Ojan , Dissemond Joachim , Baguhl Romy , Papke Roald , Kramer Axel ,   Supported by the Working Group Antiseptics of the International Society of Chemotherapy for Infection and Cancer (ISC)
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTAntiseptics are being used for prevention of infections in acute wounds and for treatment of infections in acute and chronic wounds. However, some antiseptics’ high tissue toxicity might delay the healing process. The aim of this study was to investigate the tissue toxicity of preferentially used wound antiseptics and the influence of antiphlogistic additives via the hen's egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane (HET‐CAM). The HET‐CAM is a semi‐in‐vivo method testing the tissue tolerability of wound antiseptics by evaluating the blood vessel reaction of the chorioallantoic membrane in terms of hemorrhage, vessel lysis, and coagulation. For each test day, selected test substances were applied on the membranes of two to three eggs according to the test protocol. The overall irritation was then evaluated by referring to a calculated score. Normal distribution of the resulting scores was confirmed by D'Agostino‐Pearson omnibus K2 test. Significant differences between the antiseptics were calculated by Tukey's multiple comparisons test. Severe CAM reactions were observed after short‐term application of octenidine based wound gel (0.05%) and chlorhexidine digluconate (0.5% solution), moderate reactions for octenidine (0.05%) in aqueous solution combined with dexpanthenol (1.34%) and allantoin (0.2%) or for hydrogen peroxide (1.5% and 0.5%) in aqueous solution, slight reactions were observed for hydrogen peroxide (1.5%) in aqueous solution in combination with sodium thiocyanate (0.698%) and for the combination of NaOCl/HOCl (each 0.004%). Polyhexanide (0.04%) in Ringer solution and polyhexanide (0.05%) in Lipofundin, the hemoglobin spray (10%), dexpanthenol, and allantoin showed no irritation. The HET‐CAM qualifies as a primary screening test for tissue tolerance of wound antiseptics. Regarding local tolerability, polyhexanide and hypochlorite are superior to other antiseptics.
Detecting cervical precancer and reaching underscreened women by using HPV testing on self samples: updated meta-analyses
Authors: Arbyn Marc , Smith Sara B , Temin Sarah , Sultana Farhana , Castle Philip 
Published: December 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) assays on self samples and the efficacy of self sampling strategies to reach underscreened women.DesignUpdated meta-analysis.Data sourcesMedline (PubMed), Embase, and CENTRAL from 1 January 2013 to 15 April 2018 (accuracy review), and 1 January 2014 to 15 April 2018 (participation review).Review methodsAccuracy review: hrHPV assay on a vaginal self sample and a clinician sample; and verification of the presence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+) by colposcopy and biopsy in all enrolled women or in women with positive tests. Participation review: study population included women who were irregularly or never screened; women in the self sampling arm (intervention arm) were invited to collect a self sample for hrHPV testing; women in the control arm were invited or reminded to undergo a screening test on a clinician sample; participation in both arms was documented; and a population minimum of 400 women.Results56 accuracy studies and 25 participation trials were included. hrHPV assays based on polymerase chain reaction were as sensitive on self samples as on clinician samples to detect CIN2+ or CIN3+ (pooled ratio 0.99, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.02). However, hrHPV assays based on signal amplification were less sensitive on self samples (pooled ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.80 to 0.89). The specificity to exclude CIN2+ was 2% or 4% lower on self samples than on clinician samples, for hrHPV assays based on polymerase chain reaction or signal amplification, respectively. Mailing self sample kits to the woman’s home address generated higher response rates to have a sample taken by a clinician than invitation or reminder letters (pooled relative participation in intention-to-treat-analysis of 2.33, 95% confidence interval 1.86 to 2.91). Opt-in strategies where women had to request a self sampling kit were generally not more effective than invitation letters (relative participation of 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.61). Direct offer of self sampling devices to women in communities that were underscreened generated high participation rates (>75%). Substantial interstudy heterogeneity was noted (I2>95%).ConclusionsWhen used with hrHPV assays based on polymerase chain reaction, testing on self samples was similarly accurate as on clinician samples. Offering self sampling kits generally is more effective in reaching underscreened women than sending invitations. However, since response rates are highly variable among settings, pilots should be set up before regional or national roll out of self sampling strategies.