bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microglia Play an Active Role in Obesity-Associated Cognitive Decline
Authors: Cope Elise C. , LaMarca Elizabeth A. , Monari Patrick K. , Olson Lyra B. , Martinez Susana , Zych Anna D. , Katchur Nicole J. , Gould Elizabeth 
Published: September 2018

Obesity affects >600 million people worldwide, a staggering number that appears to be on the rise. One of the lesser known consequences of obesity is its deleterious effects on cognition, which have been well documented across many cognitive domains and age groups. To investigate the cellular mechanisms that underlie obesity-associated cognitive decline, we used diet-induced obesity in male mice and found memory impairments along with reductions in dendritic spines, sites of excitatory synapses, increases in the activation of microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, and increases in synaptic profiles within microglia, in the hippocampus, a brain region linked to cognition. We found that partial knockdown of the receptor for fractalkine, a chemokine that can serve as a “find me” cue for microglia, prevented microglial activation and cognitive decline induced by obesity. Furthermore, we found that pharmacological inhibition of microglial activation in obese mice was associated with prevention of both dendritic spine loss and cognitive degradation. Finally, we observed that pharmacological blockade of microglial phagocytosis lessened obesity-associated cognitive decline. These findings suggest that microglia play an active role in obesity-associated cognitive decline by phagocytosis of synapses that are important for optimal function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTObesity in humans correlates with reduced cognitive function. To investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying this, we used diet-induced obesity in mice and found impaired performance on cognitive tests of hippocampal function. These deficits were accompanied by reduced numbers of dendritic spines, increased microglial activation, and increased synaptic profiles within microglia. Inhibition of microglial activation by transgenic and pharmacological methods prevented cognitive decline and dendritic spine loss in obese mice. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of the phagocytic activity of microglia was also sufficient to prevent cognitive degradation. This work suggests that microglia may be responsible for obesity-associated cognitive decline and dendritic spine loss.
Dreaming in NREM Sleep: A High-Density EEG Study of Slow Waves and Spindles
Authors: Siclari Francesca , Bernardi Giulio , Cataldi Jacinthe , Tononi Giulio 
Published: September 2018

Dreaming can occur in both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. We recently showed that in both REM and NREM sleep, dreaming is associated with local decreases in slow wave activity (SWA) in posterior brain regions. To expand these findings, here we asked how specific features of slow waves and spindles, the hallmarks of NREM sleep, relate to dream experiences. Fourteen healthy human subjects (10 females) underwent nocturnal high-density EEG recordings combined with a serial awakening paradigm. Reports of dreaming, compared with reports of no experience, were preceded by fewer, smaller, and shallower slow waves, and faster spindles, especially in central and posterior cortical areas. We also identified a minority of very steep and large slow waves in frontal regions, which occurred on a background of reduced SWA and were associated with high-frequency power increases (local “microarousals”) heralding the successful recall of dream content. These results suggest that the capacity of the brain to generate experiences during sleep is reduced in the presence of neuronal off-states in posterior and central brain regions, and that dream recall may be facilitated by the intermittent activation of arousal systems during NREM sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBy combining high-density EEG recordings with a serial awakening paradigm in healthy subjects, we show that dreaming in non-rapid eye movement sleep occurs when slow waves in central and posterior regions are sparse, small, and shallow. We also identified a small subset of very large and steep frontal slow waves that are associated with high-frequency activity increases (local “microarousals”) heralding successful recall of dream content. These results provide noninvasive measures that could represent a useful tool to infer the state of consciousness during sleep.
Amnesiac Is Required in the Adult Mushroom Body for Memory Formation
Authors: Turrel Oriane , Goguel Valérie , Preat Thomas 
Published: September 2018

It was proposed that theDrosophila amnesiacgene (amn) is required for consolidation of aversive memory in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons, a pair of large neurons that broadly innervate the mushroom bodies (MB), the fly center for olfactory learning and memory (Waddell et al., 2000). Yet, a conditional analysis showed that it was not possible to rescue the memory deficit ofamnX8null mutant flies whenamnexpression was restored only in the adult (DeZazzo et al., 1999), which led the authors to suggest thatamnmight be involved in the development of brain structures that normally promote adult olfactory memory. To further investigate temporal and spatial requirements of Amnesiac (AMN) peptide in memory, we used RNA interference in combination with conditional drivers. Experiments were conducted either in both sexes, or in either sexes. Our data show that acute modulation ofamnexpression in adult DPM neurons does not impact memory. We further show thatamnexpression is required for normal development of DPM neurons. Detailed enhancer trap analyses suggest thatamntranscription unit contains two distinct enhancers, one specific of DPM neurons, and the other specific of α/β MB neurons. This prompted us to investigate extensively the role of AMN in the adult MB. Together, our results demonstrate thatamnis acutely required in adult α/β MB neurons for middle-term and long-term memory. The data thus establish thatamnplays two distinct roles. Its expression is required in DPM neurons for their development, and in adult MB for olfactory memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTheDrosophila amnesiacgene encodes a neuropeptide whose expression was proposed to be required for consolidation of aversive memory in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons, a pair of large neurons that broadly innervate the mushroom bodies (MB), the olfactory memory center. Here, we investigatedamnesiactemporal and spatial requirement using conditional tools that allowed us to manipulate its expression in selected neurons. This work leads to a complete reassessment of the role ofamnesiacin brain development and memory. We show thatamnesiacis required for two distinct processes: for normal development of DPM neurons, and in adult MB for memory.
Cortical Potentials Evoked by Subthalamic Stimulation Demonstrate a Short Latency Hyperdirect Pathway in Humans
Authors: Miocinovic Svjetlana , de Hemptinne Coralie , Chen Witney , Isbaine Faical , Willie Jon T. , Ostrem Jill L. , Starr Philip A. 
Published: September 2018

A monosynaptic projection from the cortex to the subthalamic nucleus is thought to have an important role in basal ganglia function and in the mechanism of therapeutic subthalamic deep-brain stimulation, but in humans the evidence for its existence is limited. We sought physiological confirmation of the cortico-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway using invasive recording techniques in patients with Parkinson's disease (9 men, 1 woman). We measured sensorimotor cortical evoked potentials using a temporary subdural strip electrode in response to low-frequency deep-brain stimulation in patients undergoing awake subthalamic or pallidal lead implantations. Evoked potentials were grouped into very short latency (<2 ms), short latency (2–10 ms), and long latency (10–100 ms) from the onset of the stimulus pulse. Subthalamic and pallidal stimulation resulted in very short-latency evoked potentials at 1.5 ms in the primary motor cortex accompanied by EMG-evoked potentials consistent with corticospinal tract activation. Subthalamic, but not pallidal stimulation, resulted in three short-latency evoked potentials at 2.8, 5.8, and 7.7 ms in a widespread cortical distribution, consistent with antidromic activation of the hyperdirect pathway. Long-latency potentials were evoked by both targets, with subthalamic responses lagging pallidal responses by 10–20 ms, consistent with orthodromic activation of the thalamocortical pathway. The amplitude of the first short-latency evoked potential was predictive of the chronic therapeutic stimulation contact.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis is the first physiological demonstration of the corticosubthalamic hyperdirect pathway and its topography at high spatial resolution in humans. We studied cortical potentials evoked by deep-brain stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease undergoing awake lead implantation surgery. Subthalamic stimulation resulted in multiple short-latency responses consistent with activation of hyperdirect pathway, whereas no such response was present during pallidal stimulation. We contrast these findings with very short latency, direct corticospinal tract activations, and long-latency responses evoked through polysynaptic orthodromic projections. These findings underscore the importance of incorporating the hyperdirect pathway into models of human basal ganglia function.
O prvim, dosada nepoznatim hrvatskim književnim tekstovima na otoku Korčuli
Authors: Kastropil Stjepan 
Published: September 2018

Govoreći, u svojem pregledu povijesti otoka Korčule,1 o kulturno- historijskoj prošlosti svoga rodnoga kraja, Nikola Ostoić spominje kao prve spomenike umjetne književnosti an anrodnom jeziku an otoku Korčuli neke nabožne pjesničke sastave svoga pretka Ivana Ostoića, koji je živio sredinom XVI. stoljeća.
Adolescent Use of Different E-cigarette Products
Authors: McMillen Robert , Tanski Susanne , Wilson Karen , Klein Jonathan D. , Winickoff Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND:
Little is known about the characteristics of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) used by adolescents. Understanding the product landscape of adolescent e-cigarette use may inform counseling and policy strategies.

METHODS:
Results are from 13 651 adolescents in wave 1 and 12 172 adolescents in wave 2 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study. Past 30-day regular e-cigarettes users were asked about the characteristics of the e-cigarette they used most of the time.

RESULTS:
In waves 1 and 2, 2.1% and 2.8% of adolescents were regular users in the past 30 days, respectively. These adolescents more often used rechargeable rather than disposable devices (wave 1: 76.0%; wave 2: 82.9%) and refillable rather than nonrefillable devices (wave 1: 66.6%; wave 2: 84.4%) and tended not to use cartridge systems (wave 1: 33.7%; wave 2: 30.5%). Most adolescent past 30-day users (wave 1: 87.5%; wave 2: 89.4%) reported using flavored e-cigarettes. An increased frequency of use was associated with the use of rechargeable (wave 1 adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 2.7; wave 2 aOR: 2.7) and refillable e-cigarettes (wave 1 aOR: 2.0; wave 2 aOR: 2.7; P &lt; .05). Most users in wave 1 did not continue regular use in wave 2 (70.2%). Among those who continued to use and had reported using closed systems (nonrechargeable and/or nonrefillable) in wave 1, most had progressed to open systems (rechargeable and refillable) in wave 2.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most adolescents use open-system e-cigarettes, and frequent users are even more likely to use open-system e-cigarettes. The majority of regular users use rechargeable devices that are refillable. A change in product preferences across waves suggests a starter product phenomenon, with a graduation to products that have weaker quality controls and may increase health risks.
Evaluación de leguminosas como abono verde en cultivos forrajeros para ganaderías en el Caribe seco colombiano
Authors: Castro-Rincón Edwin , Mojica-Rodríguez José Edwin , Carulla-Fornaguera Juan Evangelista , Lascano-Aguilar Carlos Eduardo 
Published: September 2018

The dual-purpose livestock systems in the tropics milk production is reduced during the dry season due to the decrease in the quantity and quality of forage on offer. The impact can be reduced by using forage crops as supplements generated with the use of green fertilizers. The objective of this research was to determinate the nitrogen contribution of legumes in corn forage production. During the years 2013 to 2014, in the Colombian Dry Caribbean three experiments were established with seven levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 200 kg/ha) and the incorporation of Canavalia brasiliensis (CIAT 17009), Vigna unguiculata (CIAT 4294), Clitoria ternatea (CIAT 21815), Canavalia ensiformis (CIAT 21826) and Lablab purpureus (CIAT 22656) in a random block design. C. ensiformis showed the highest contribution of N (151 kg/ha) and V. unguiculata the lowest (35 kg/ha). The application of 200 kg of N and the incorporation of C. ensiformis and C. brasiliensis did not show a difference in the yield of maize biomass. N use efficiency by corn crop was 31 - 84%, reduced with increased in the dose of N. Levels of NO3 in the soil ranged from 20 to 41 mg/kg at the time of harvest, suggesting that a high proportion of N coming from the legume was not assimilated by the crop. The C:N ratio was 11.63 in legumes and 23.94 in weeds. Organic soil C increased by 22% due to legume green manure, with the highest content (0.70%) in L. purpureus. The legumes C. ensiformis, C. brasiliensis and L. purpureus showed high potential to provide N, C, and to conserve soil moisture.
Linear, third order nonlinear and optical limiting studies on MZO/FTO thin film system fabricated by spin coating technique for electro-optic applications
Authors: Shkir Mohd. , Arif Mohd. , Ganesh Vanga , Manthrammel Mohamed A. , Singh Arun , Maidur Shivaraj R. , Patil Parutagouda Shankaragouda , Yahia Ibrahim S. , Algarni Hamed , AlFaify Salem 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Highly efficient solar steam generation by hybrid plasmonic structured TiN/mesoporous anodized alumina membrane
Authors: Bian Yue , Tang Kun , Xu Zhonghua , Ma Jingrui , Shen Yang , Hao Licai , Chen Xuanhu , Nie Kuiying , Li Jing , Ma Tongchuan , Zhu Shunming , Ye Jiandong , Xiong Xiang , Yang Yi , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou , Gu Shulin 
Published: September 2018

Abstract
Hans Jonas i Alan Watts: teodycea a mit spekulatywny
Authors: Mazur Łukasz 
Published: September 2018

Artykuł stanowi krótką pracę porównawczą, przedmiotem której są dwa różne spekulatywne mity. Pierwszy z nich, to mit angielskiego teologa Allana Wattsa; drugi - żydowskiego filozofa Hansa Jonasa. Oba mity dotyczą zagadnienia teodycei. Artykuł stara się przedstawić główne tezy obu wspomnianych mitów. Ukazuje ponadto szczególną rolę mitu, w kontekście zagadnienia teodycei.
Results from a Monocentric Long-Term Analysis of 23 Patients with Ovarian Sertoli-Leydig Cell Tumors
Authors: Gouy Sebastien , Arfi Alexandra , Maulard Amandine , Pautier Patricia , Bentivegna Enrica , Leary Alexandra , Chargari Cyrus , Genestie Catherine , Morice Philippe 
Published: September 2018

Abstract

Background
Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) represent less than 0.5% of ovarian tumors. Because of the rarity of this tumor and its peak in frequency at around 25 years of age, this study aimed to describe SLCT management strategies.

Objective
The objective of this study was to determine the management (i.e., conservative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy) of ovarian SLCTs.

Results
This retrospective analysis included 23 patients treated for ovarian SLCTs. A centralized pathologic review of the tumors was conducted. Patients were referred to or treated in our institution for an ovarian SLCT between 1994 and 2015. The median age at diagnosis was 33 years (range, 4–82 years). According to the 2014 Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics classification, tumors were classified as stage Ia (n = 15: well differentiated, n = 1; of intermediate differentiation, n = 8; undifferentiated, n = 4; and undefined, n = 2), stage Ib (n = 1), stage Ic1 (n = 5), stage IIb (n = 1), and stage IIIc (n = 1). Surgery was conservative in 13 patients (Ia, n = 7; Ib, n = 1; Ic1, n = 5) and radical in 10 patients (Ia, n = 8; IIb, n = 1; IIIc, n = 1). Seven patients received adjuvant chemotherapy with a cisplatin-based regimen (Ia, n = 2; Ic1, n = 3; IIb, n = 1) or docetaxel + gemcitabine (IIIc, n = 1). Median follow-up was 61 months (range, 15–252 months). Eight patients experienced a relapse (Ia, n = 2; Ib, n = 1; Ic1, n = 3; IIb, n = 1; IIIc, n = 1). Of these, six had at least one peritoneal carcinomatosis, and four died (Ic1, n = 2; IIb, n = 1; and Ia, n = 1). Two patients had a local relapse (one uterus and one ovary) and survived without disease after relapse treatment. The median time between the initial treatment and relapse was 28 months (range 9–70).

Conclusion
Conservative surgery was safe for patients with stage Ia ovarian SLCTs. The place of conservative surgery for stage Ic1 remains to be defined. The best chemotherapy regimen remains to be defined.
Characterization of beta-tubulin DNA sequences within Candida parapsilosis complex
Authors: Kharazi Mahboobeh , Ahmadi Bahram , Makimur Koichi , Farhang Armin , Kianipour Sahar , Motamedi Marjan , Mirhendi Hossein 
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose: Candida parapsilosis is a common cause of candidemia in children and patients with onco-hematological diseases, septic arthritis, peritonitis, vaginitis, and nail and skin infections. Regarding this, the present study was condcuted to evaluate intra- and inter-species variation within beta-tubulin DNA sequence of C. parapsilosis complex in order to establish the utilization of this gene in the identification and phylogenetic analysis of the species. Materials and Methods: A total of 23 isolates representing three different species of C. parapsilosis complex were used in this study, all of which were identifed by ITS-sequencing. For the successful amplification of beta-tubulin gene, a newly designed set of pan-Candida primers was used, followed by bilaterally sequenc analysis for pairwise comparisons, determination of multiple alignments, evaluation of sequence identity levels, counting sequence difference, and construction of phylogenetic tree.
Results: The multiple alignment of 623-629 bp-long nucleotide (nt) sequences reflecting the beta-tubulin gene indicated an inter-species divergence ranging within 0-68 nt in C. parapsilosis, C. orthopsilosis, and C. metapsilosis with a mean similarity of 84.7% among the species. Meanwhile, the intra-species differences of 0-20 and 0-6 nt were found between the strains of C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, respectively.
The phylogenetic tree topology was characterized by a clade made up by C. parapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis, while C. metapsilosis formed a related but separate lineage.
Conclusion: Our data provided the basis for further discoveries of the relationship between the species belonging to C. parapsilosis complex. Furthermore, the findigns of the prsent study revealed the efficiency of beta-tubulin DNA sequence data in the identification and taxonomy of C. parapsilosis and other pathogenic yeasts.
Erratum for Nagesh et al., Phytochemical analysis and docking study of compounds present in a polyherbal preparation used in the treatment of dermatophytosis
Authors: Nagesh Simhadri VSDNA , Muniappan Muthuchamy , Kannan Iyanar , Viswanathan Subramanyam 
Published: September 2018

Volume 3, no. 4, 6-14, 2017, DOI: 10.29252/cmm.3.4.6. This erratum adds the primary affiliation of Simhadri VSDNA Nagesh, a Research scholar. The affiliation line should appear as shown above.
SZLACHTA A DUCHOWIEŃSTWO NA SEJMACH W LATACH CZTERDZIESTYCH I PIĘĆDZIESIĄTYCH XVI WIEKU
Authors: Godlewski Łukasz 
Published: September 2018

The Executionist movement’s programme from the beginning of its existence revoked the privileges of the clergy not only in the legal but also in the economic field. The Chamber of Deputies wanted: the clerical estate holders to perform military service, the abolition of tithes, the taxation of the church, to devote “annats” to the defense of the country and jurisdictional demarcation between secular and ecclesiastical courts . The Chamber of Deputies, fighting against the clergy favored by the king, unified their demands in order to act boldly in defense of their rights and gain new privileges. The final demands of the Executionist movement were formulated during the development of the Reformation and the transitional period caused by the change of the monarchs in the Republic of Nobles. The cumulation of these mechanisms in the middle of the 16th century not only stimulated the development and power of the Executionist movement but also intensified the conflict of interest between the clergy and nobility. The progress of the Reformation was accompanied by a growing dissatisfaction with the jurisdiction of the ecclesiastical courts over the nobility. The Chamber of Deputies formulated their suppositions depending on the situation outside and inside the country. The bishops failed to enforce the execution of judgments of the ecclesiastical courts. However, the right of sole judicial powers to pass verdicts connected with faith and religion were not taken away from the clergymen. It was just the opposite. Zygmunt August approved this privilege of the priests and at the same time executing verdicts on peerage was suspended. This case was, however, not completed and that is why succeeding parliaments worked on it furhter. The representatives of gentry did not manage to tax the income of church, despite serious efforts to do so. The king tried persistently to unite both political camps. However, the overextending of the whole Executionist program by the representatives prevented the achieving of a compromise or any similar outcome.
Męczeństwo za wiarę garnizonu z Gazy w okresie wczesnych podbojów muzułmańskich w świetle Opisu męczeństwa sześćdziesięciu męczenników z Gazy
Authors: Karczewski Łukasz 
Published: September 2018

Acts of sixty martyrs of Gaza is a Latin translation of the original text, describing conquest of Gaza and martyrology of Christian soldiers who died in name of Christian faith. There is little information describing capture of the garrison in VIIth century, thus the passion of Gaza martyrs is one of the few sources describing that event, allowing us to recreate the dramatic turn of events back then. It also describes Muslims attitude toward Christians in the middle east. The Author tries to identify the anonymous soldiers of Gaza Garrison who later gave their lives at the hands of Muslim conquerors because of they refuse to abandon Christianity.
Napoleońska epepeja polskich żołnierzy w twórczości Juliusza Kossaka
Authors: Szeremietiew Oleg W. 
Published: September 2018

In this article, the work of the outstanding Polish battle painter and the illustrator of 2-nd half XIX century J. Kossak (the founder of an art dynasty), devoted to Napoleonic Wars are considered. Many of pictures and water colors of the artist show the Polish soldiers – participants of the Epopee. In them were reflected not only the art work and research of themaster, his vision of the past, but also national – patriotic idea of revival of Poland.