bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, Surface Activities, and Biodegradability of a Bola‐Type Collagen Hydrolysate‐Based Siloxane Surfactant
Authors: Wang Baochuan , Liu Jun , Han Xiaona , Li Fengdi , Li Zhengjun , Yang Qinhuan 
Published: April 2018

Abstract2 bola‐type collagen hydrolysate‐based siloxane surfactants (CBES) were prepared via grafting of an epoxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane oligomer onto 2 collagen hydrolysates with different molecular weights. Their structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, and the degree of grafting was determined by calculating the free amino content, which confirmed the successful synthesis of CBES. Subsequently, their physicochemical properties, such as particle size and isoelectric point, were evaluated. Besides, surface activities, application functionalities, and biodegradability of CBES were investigated. The results showed that CBES‐1, prepared with the lower‐molecular‐weight collagen hydrolysate, possessed superior surface activity, excellent foaming ability, and good emulsifying capacity comparable to those of a typical emulsifier such as the fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO‐9). In addition, their BOD5/CODCr value and CO2 evolution demonstrated that the CBES are readily biodegradable. There is, therefore, great potential for the bola‐type CBES to be applied in fields such as leather treatment and textile industries.
Highly efficient fluorescent blue materials and their applications for top‐emission OLEDs
Authors: Masuda Tetsuya , Nakano Yuki , Takahashi Yoshiaki , Ito Hirokatsu , Okinaka Keiji , Kambe Emiko , Kawamura Yuichiro , Kuma Hitoshi 
Published: April 2018

AbstractWe developed new fluorescent blue dopants (BDs) for achieving high‐efficient blue organic light‐emitting diode. A new BD showed both high photoluminescent quantum yield >0.9 and highly horizontal orientation (S′ > 0.9) in doped film with keeping a chemical stability by introducing suitable substituents. We developed hole transporting materials and optimized the combination of hole transporting layers to decrease a carrier accumulation at the interface between electron blocking layer and emission layer. We found that the external quantum efficiency dependency from low to high current density was turned flat by promoting hole injection into emission layer. The top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode using the new BD and the optimized device architecture exhibited high efficiency of L/J/CIEy around 200 at CIEy = 0.043.
Comparison of the seventh and eighth edition american joint committee on cancer oral cavity staging systems
Authors: Cramer John D. , Reddy Abhita , Ferris Robert L. , Duvvuri Umamaheswar , Samant Sandeep 
Published: April 2018

ObjectiveFor the first time in 30 years, the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual offers major changes in the staging of oral cavity cancer. We evaluated the predictive ability of the new staging system for oral cavity cancer to validate these changes and hypothesized that the new system would improve prognostic accuracy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma in the National Cancer Data Base from 2009 to 2013 and applied the seventh and eighth edition staging AJCC staging systems to all patients. Stage‐specific overall survival was calculated using the Kaplan‐Meier method and concordance indices to measure the system's prognostic accuracy.ResultsWe identified 39,361 patients with a median follow‐up of 27.1 months (range 0.1–80.4 months). In the seventh edition, there were 43.0%, 15.0%, 10.6%, and 25.7% of patients with pathologic stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively. After restaging based on eighth edition pathological guidelines, 10.0% of patients were upstaged (38.1%, 18.1%, 14.2%, and 25.2%, respectively, with stage I, II, III, and IV disease, respectively). The survival concordance index improved from the seventh to eighth edition for pathological staging (concordance index 0.699 and 0.704, respectively) and for clinical staging (concordance index 0.714 and 0.715, respectively).ConclusionWe provide validation of the new AJCC staging system for oral cavity cancer. Eighth edition AJCC staging guidelines upstage a substantial number of patients with greater depth of invasion or extranodal extension. This resulted in slightly improved prognostication.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 128:2351–2360, 2018
Laryngeal stenosis among hospitalized children: Results from a nationwide cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Johnson Romaine F. , Isaiah Amal 
Published: April 2018

ObjectivesWe aimed to study laryngeal stenosis among hospitalized children in the United States from 2003–2012. We hypothesized that the prevalence of laryngeal stenosis differs by race even when controlling for age, gender, and commonly associated disease conditions.MethodsWe report the results of a cross‐sectional survey of hospitalized patients with laryngeal stenosis. We utilized the Kids Inpatient Database (KID) to estimate the odds of laryngeal stenosis as a function of race using regression analysis. The effects of age, gender, and commonly associated conditions were controlled.ResultsThere were 13,910 estimated discharges of patients with laryngeal stenosis (95% CI 13,715–14,105) within the study period. This accounts for 55 cases of laryngeal stenosis per 100,000 discharges (overall prevalence = 0.22%). After controlling for age and gender, Black children had the highest likelihood of laryngeal stenosis with OR of 1.9 (95% CI 1.8–2.0, P < .001) along with children classified as Other (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 1.0–1.3, P = .03). White (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.83–0.89, P < .001), Hispanic (OR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.80– 0.92, P < .001), and Asian (OR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.43–0.64, P < .001) children were less likely to be diagnosed with laryngeal stenosis while Native Americans (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.63–1.45, P = .51) were equally likely.ConclusionsLaryngeal stenosis is more common among hospitalized Black children, while other racial groups appear to have lower risk. This elevated risk remained when controlling for age, gender, and commonly associated conditions with laryngeal stenosis.Level of Evidence4
Detection of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease Virus Using a Polydiacetylene Immunosensor on Solid‐Liquid Phase
Authors: Jeong Jae‐Pil , Cho Eunae , Lee Soo‐Chan , Kim Taejoon , Song Bokyeong , Lee Im‐Soon , Jung Seunho 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe rapid detection of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus (FMDV) is vital for the prevention of foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreaks. In this study, a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)‐supported polydiacetylene (PDA) immunosensor is developed to detect FMDV, in which a polyclonal antibody against the FMDV VP1 antigen is conjugated as a specific virus‐binding module without a linker. First, a liposome‐based immunosensor is generated for the FMDV VP1 protein in the form of photopolymerized PDA colloids. Then, the VP1‐specific PDA immunosensors are modified onto PVDF strip to enable the rapid and portable detection of FMDV. Detailed analyses are performed using ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A blue‐to‐red color transition is observed in the presence of FMDV particles, indicating the potential applications of FMDV‐specific PDA immunosensors for use in solid‐phase detection as well as via liquid‐phase liposome platforms. Thus, this work provides a rapid and simple detection for FMDV.
We share; we connect: how shared brand consumption influences relational brand connections
Authors: Kara Selcan , Vredeveld Anna J. , Ross William T. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis research examines how married consumers form relational brand connections. Findings from two studies contribute to research on identity‐related brand consumption by showcasing how shared brand consumption and marital satisfaction influence relational brand connections and the perceived importance of the brand to the marital relationship. This research has important theoretical contributions and managerial implications. From a theoretical perspective, the authors show how consumers incorporate brands into their interpersonal relationships through shared brand consumption and that relational brand connections influence brand‐related outcomes, such as brand attitudes, purchase intentions, brand affect, and brand separation distress. From a managerial perspective, the findings highlight the importance of considering relational aspects of brand consumption when designing branding strategy and advertising appeals.
Empirical evidence of the effect of colorism on customer evaluations
Authors: Cowart Kelly O. , Lehnert Kevin D. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSkin tone is a known influencer of earnings and social status. Its role in marketing has been primarily studied within the context of advertising while focusing on differences between Whites and Blacks. Three experiments were conducted to determine the effect of skin tone on customer evaluations of Black, Hispanic, and White males and females across two industries. In Studies 1 and 2, the Hispanic male was deemed less competent, professional, and worthy of repatronage compared to other service providers. In Study 3, the Hispanic male received higher evaluations when portrayed with a darker skin tone than lighter skin tone. Skin tone identity, ethnic identity, and colorism are found to influence the observed relationship. The research demonstrates that ethnicity matters, gender matters, and skin tone matters when evaluating service providers.
Assessment of Short-Term Mortality of Wild-Caught Female Walleye Broodstock
Authors: Blackwell Brian G. , Ermer Mark J. , Kaufman Todd M. , Moos Tyrel S. , Kennedy Steven J. , Braun Ryan J. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The collection of Walleye Sander vitreus eggs to meet stocking needs is an essential part of Walleye management for many state and provincial agencies. The stress of capture, holding, and stripping gametes from wild broodstock can potentially lead to Walleye mortality. In waters &lt; 1,200 ha, high levels of mortality could alter population size structure and affect angler success, future egg collections, and survival of stocked Walleyes. We quantified short-term (i.e., 5 d) mortality of female Walleyes during artificial spawning operations during 2015 to 2017 in four eastern South Dakota natural lakes (Swan Lake in 2015, Long Lake in 2016, and Antelope Lake and Reid Lake in 2017). Each year 25 female Walleyes were stripped of their eggs and 25 additional female Walleyes were included as reference fish. No Walleyes died in 2015, four fish that were stripped of eggs at Long Lake died in 2016, and one stripped of eggs at Reid Lake died in 2017. Overall short-term mortality was low (5 of 73 fish, 6.8%) during the study. No reference fish expired during the 3 years. Contusions were apparent on ovaries of both egg-stripped and reference fish. We believe that if fisheries personnel follow standard artificial spawning procedures for Walleye the amount of mortality will be low and should not impact populations of mature female Walleyes.
Determining the Accuracy and Reliability of Indirect Calorimeters Utilizing the Methanol Combustion Technique
Authors: Kaviani Sepideh , Schoeller Dale A. , Ravussin Eric , Melanson Edward L. , Henes Sarah T. , Dugas Lara R. , Dechert Ronald E. , Mitri George , Schoffelen Paul F.M. , Gubbels Pim , Tornberg Asa , Garland Stephen , Akkermans Marco , Cooper Jamie A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSeveral indirect calorimetry (IC) instruments are commercially available, but comparative validity and reliability data are lacking. Existing data are limited by inconsistencies in protocols, subject characteristics, or single‐instrument validation comparisons. The aim of this study was to compare accuracy and reliability of metabolic carts using methanol combustion as the cross‐laboratory criterion.MethodsEight 20‐minute methanol burn trials were completed on 12 metabolic carts. Respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and percent O2 and CO2 recovery were calculated.ResultsFor accuracy, 1 Omnical, Cosmed Quark CPET (Cosmed), and both Parvos (Parvo Medics trueOne 2400) measured all 3 variables within 2% of the true value; both DeltaTracs and the Vmax Encore System (Vmax) showed similar accuracy in measuring 1 or 2, but not all, variables. For reliability, 8 instruments were shown to be reliable, with the 2 Omnicals ranking best (coefficient of variation [CV] < 1.26%). Both Cosmeds, Parvos, DeltaTracs, 1 Jaeger Oxycon Pro (Oxycon), Max‐II Metabolic Systems (Max‐II), and Vmax were reliable for at least 1 variable (CV ≤ 3%). For multiple regression, humidity and amount of combusted methanol were significant predictors of RER (R2 = 0.33, P < .001). Temperature and amount of burned methanol were significant predictors of O2 recovery (R2 = 0.18, P < .001); only humidity was a predictor for CO2 recovery (R2 = 0.15, P < .001).ConclusionsOmnical, Parvo, Cosmed, and DeltaTrac had greater accuracy and reliability. The small number of instruments tested and expected differences in gas calibration variability limits the generalizability of conclusions. Finally, humidity and temperature could be modified in the laboratory to optimize IC conditions.
Did Black skilled industrial workers support the northern Black Metropolis of the early 20th century?
Authors: Boyd Robert L. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe rise of a Black skilled industrial workforce in major northern cities was a significant development in the early 20th‐century United States. The emergence of this workforce coincided with a growing belief that these cities' Black communities could support Blacks' entry into professional, entrepreneurial, public service, and cultural occupations of the Black Metropolis. A question thus arises: Did the Black skilled industrial workforce advance Blacks' entry into these occupations? Regression analyses of census data suggest that Black skilled industrial workers did help promote Blacks' employment in a narrow range of Black Metropolis occupations, notably, entertainment, music, photography, art, and writing, implying that an upper stratum of the Black working class supported Black cultural expression. The results accord with the argument that the northern Black Metropolis fostered vital cultural institutions for Blacks in the early 20th century but offered fewer opportunities for Blacks' economic advancement through professions and businesses.
Quasi‐stationary waves and their impact on European weather and extreme events
Authors: Wolf Gabriel , Brayshaw David J. , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Czaja Arnaud 
Published: April 2018

Large‐scale, quasi‐stationary atmospheric waves (QSWs) have long been known to be associated with weather extremes such as the European heatwave in 2003. There is much debate in the scientific literature as to whether QSW activity may increase under a changing climate, providing a strong motivation for developing a better understanding of the behaviour and drivers of QSWs. This paper presents the first steps in this regard: the development of a robust objective method for a simple identification and characterization of these waves. A clear connection between QSWs and European weather and extreme events is confirmed for all seasons, indicating that blocking anti‐cyclones are often part of a broader‐scale wave pattern.Investigation of the QSW climatology in the Northern Hemisphere reveals that wave activity is typically strongest in midlatitudes, particularly at the exit of the Atlantic and Pacific storm track, with weaker intensities in summer. In general, the structure of individual QSW events tends to follow the climatological pattern, except in winter where the strongest and most persistent QSWs are typically shifted polewards, indicating a distinct evolution of the “strongest” QSW events. Modes of interannual variability are calculated to better understand their importance and connection to European temperatures and to identify relevant QSW patterns. This analysis highlights that European winter temperatures are strongly associated with the meridional location of QSW activity whereas high European summer temperatures are associated with increases in the overall intensity of midlatitude QSW activity.QSWs are shown to be strongly connected to commonly used indices to describe the large‐scale atmospheric circulation (NAO, AO, Niño 3.4, PNA) but offer a more direct link to understanding their impact on regional weather events. It is therefore hoped that objective identification of QSWs will provide a useful new viewpoint for interpreting large‐scale weather alongside more traditional measures.
Knowledge sharing and safeguarding in R&D collaborations: The role of steering committees in biotechnology alliances
Authors: Devarakonda Shivaram V. , Reuer Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2018

Research Summary: This research contributes to alliance governance research by demonstrating how partners' administrative controls in nonequity collaborations regulate knowledge transfers across partners. These administrative controls can take the form of board‐like joint committees having explicitly delineated authority over certain alliance activities. We illuminate governing committees as an important, albeit neglected, instrument for administrative control in the governance of non‐equity alliances, and we demonstrate that these organizational mechanisms facilitate knowledge flows within the scope of an alliance. We also show that governing committees safeguard against misappropriation hazards, particularly when a partner possesses the incentive and ability to engage in such behavior. This study extends alliance governance research beyond the implications of the equity‐nonequity dichotomy to consider a wider and richer gamut of governance instruments available to address the challenges associated with knowledge transfers in alliances.Managerial Summary: Non‐equity alliances are important vehicles to collaborate with external partners, particularly in the biopharmaceutical industry and other high‐tech sectors. To guide these collaborations effectively, partners can use the contract to custom‐build jointly‐staffed managerial units with clearly demarcated decision‐making responsibilities. We demonstrate that these organizational mechanisms facilitate knowledge flows within the scope of an alliance. We also show that governing committees also safeguard against misappropriation hazards, particularly when a partner values a firm's knowledge highly, or it possesses the required ability to absorb and assimilate a firm's knowledge. Our results imply that contractually‐defined managerial interfaces provide a channel to regulate knowledge‐sharing in collaborative alliances.
A Polypyrrole Elastomer Based on Confined Polymerization in a Host Polymer Network for Highly Stretchable Temperature and Strain Sensors
Authors: He Yonglin , Gui Qinyuan , Wang Yuxuan , Wang Zhen , Liao Shenglong , Wang Yapei 
Published: April 2018

AbstractFor the purpose of stretchable electronics, broad interests have been paid to elastic conductors by which high tensile strain over 100% can be readily achieved. Here, a scalable‐processing, dyeing‐like strategy for highly stretchable polypyrrole elastomer (1450% in strain) is conceived without particular topological design. This approach effectively improves the mechanical properties of the classic insoluble polypyrrole by confined polymerization within an elastic polymer network. In terms of the easy processing, it is technically possible to prepare stretchable electronics with arbitrary shape and size for wearable electronics with low cost. The mechanism of interpenetrated networks coexisting with microphase separation is comprehensively illustrated at molecular scale. The as‐fabricated polypyrrole elastomers are utilized as temperature or strain sensors for automatic fishing and region‐distinct dual signal sensing. Further integration of multiple sensors offers immediate alarm for old people falling at home, which thereby proves its promising potential in practical applications.
Geometrische Ersatzimperfektionen zur Anwendung des Teilschnittgrößenverfahrens für Biegeknicken um die schwache Querschnittsachse
Authors: Winkler Rebekka , Knobloch Markus 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Joachim Lindner zur Vollendung seines 80. Lebensjahres gewidmetDie Veröffentlichung analysiert und vergleicht Ansätze für geometrische Ersatzimperfektionen für den Stabilitätsfall Biegeknicken um die schwache Achse für gewalzte doppeltsymmetrische I‐/H‐Querschnitte. Neben den in Deutschland und Europa normativ eingeführten Regeln werden auch Ansätze für Ersatzimperfektionen berücksichtigt, die im Zuge der Weiterentwicklung des Eurocodes 3 diskutiert werden. Ein Vorschlag unter Anwendung des Teilschnittgrößenverfahrens ermöglicht eine konsistente Bemessung für Bauteile unter Berücksichtigung des Querschnittsversagens sowie des Biegeknickens um die starke und schwache Querschnittsachse. Der Vorschlag führt zu Bemessungsergebnissen, welche gut mit den Resultaten numerischer Simulationen übereinstimmen.
Multifunktionale Geschäftshäuser in Stahl‐ und Verbundbauweise
Authors: Stroetmann Richard , Eisele Johann , Otto Jens , Hüttig Lukas , Trautmann Benjamin , Harzdorf Anne , Weller Cornell 
Published: April 2018

AbstractHerrn Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Joachim Lindner zur Vollendung seines 80. Lebensjahres gewidmetIm Rahmen des AIF/FOSTA‐Forschungsprojektes P881 [1] wurde der Einsatz von Stahl‐ und Verbundkonstruktionen bei Büro‐ und Verwaltungsgebäuden im Hinblick auf die Flexibilität für unterschiedliche Büroorganisationsformen und die Nachhaltigkeit mit Schwerpunkten auf die Ökonomie und Ökologie untersucht. Hierüber wurde in verschiedenen Beiträgen berichtet (s. z. B. [2] bis [5]). Gegenstand des kurz vor dem Abschluss stehenden AIF/FOSTA‐Projektes P1118 [6] ist die Gestaltung und Bewertung multifunktionaler Geschäftshäuser in Stahl‐ und Verbundbauweise. Kerngedanke des Forschungsvorhabens ist die Schaffung anpassungsfähiger Geschossbauten für den städtischen Raum, um damit die Wertstabilität und Vermarktungsfähigkeit der Immobilien zu erhöhen und die Nutzungsdauer zu verlängern. Dabei wird der moderate Mehraufwand bei der Errichtung der Gebäude dem Nutzen in Bezug auf die Ökonomie und Ökologie gegenübergestellt.Der Teil 1 des Beitrags beginnt mit der Beschreibung der Problemstellung und Grundlagen zur Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeit mit dem Schwerpunkt auf die Ökonomie. Dabei wird auf die Lebenszyklusberechnung, Methoden der Investitionsrechnung und immobilienwirtschaftliche Einflussgrößen eingegangen. Es folgen objektplanerische Aspekte zur Schaffung multifunktionaler Gebäude. Ausgehend von den Gebäudetypologien und der Zuordnung von Nutzungsformen zu Geschossen werden Strategien zur planerischen Berücksichtigung verschiedener Erst‐ und Nachnutzungen in typischen städtischen Gebäuderiegeln vorgestellt. Wesentliche Aspekte sind dabei die Wahl der Gebäudetiefe, der lichten Geschosshöhe, die Erschließung über Gebäudekerne, Flure und Schächte für die technische Gebäudeausstattung. Im Abschnitt 4 werden zunächst die Lastannahmen für Geschossbauten bei verschiedenen Nutzungsformen und Deckensysteme in Stahl‐ und Verbundbauweise erläutert. Dabei wird auch auf neue Entwicklungen von Multifunktionsdecken eingegangen. Es folgen Untersuchungen und Parameterstudien zu Ökologie und Ökonomie verschiedener Flach‐ und Unterzugsdecken. In diesem Zusammenhang wird auch den Fragestellungen nachgegangen, „welche Unterschiede ergeben sich bei Deckensystemen mit und ohne Innenstützen?” und „wie wirken sich unterschiedlich hohe Nutzlastansätze aus?”