bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Interviewers Moderate the Effect of Monetary Incentives on Response Rates in Household Interview Surveys?
Authors: Kibuchi Eliud , Sturgis Patrick , Durrant Gabriele B , Maslovskaya Olga 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
As citizens around the world become ever more reluctant to respond to survey interview requests, incentives are playing an increasingly important role in maintaining response rates. In face-to-face surveys, interviewers are the key conduit of information about the existence and level of any incentive offered and, therefore, potentially moderate the effectiveness with which an incentive translates nonproductive addresses into interviews. Yet, while the existing literature on the effects of incentives on response rates is substantial, little is currently known about the role of interviewers in determining whether or not incentives are effective. In this article, we apply multilevel models to three different face-to-face interview surveys from the United Kingdom, which vary in their sample designs and incentive levels, to assess whether some interviewers are more successful than others in using incentives to leverage cooperation. Additionally, we link the response outcome data to measures of interviewer characteristics to investigate whether interviewer variability on this dimension is systematically related to level of experience and demographic characteristics. Our results show significant and substantial variability between interviewers in the effectiveness of monetary incentives on the probability of cooperation across all three surveys. However, none of the interviewer characteristics considered are significantly associated with more or less successful interviewers.
Study Characteristics Influence the Efficacy of Substance Abuse Treatments: A Meta-analysis of Medications for Smoking Cessation
Authors: Klemperer Elias M , Hughes John R , Naud Shelly 
Published: October 2018

Abstract

Background
Understanding study characteristics’ influence on treatment efficacy could improve interpretation of trials’ outcomes. We examined study characteristics as predictors of outcomes in clinical trials of medications for tobacco use.

Methods
We obtained and analyzed data on 44 trials of nicotine gum, 37 trials of nicotine patch, 27 trials of varenicline, and 43 trials of bupropion from Cochrane reviews. We extracted and analyzed data for 15 study characteristics, odds ratios (ORs), and percent abstinent in control and medication conditions. We used general linear models to determine which study characteristics explained the variability among outcomes after controlling for medication characteristics.

Results
Study characteristics accounted for 12% of the variance in odds ratios among patch trials, 16% among gum trials, 16% among varenicline trials, and 34% among bupropion trials above and beyond medication characteristics. Patch and gum trials with industry funding had larger odds ratios than those without. Among patch trials, this appeared to be due to less abstinence in industry-funded trials’ control conditions. Bupropion trials published earlier had larger odds ratios, which appeared to be due to less abstinence in control conditions. The reason for study characteristics’ influence on varenicline trials was unclear.

Discussion
Study characteristics influenced the assessment of treatment efficacy above and beyond medication characteristics in smoking cessation trials. Our findings that study characteristics are associated with higher or lower efficacy does not suggest that the effect size under one versus another condition is the more valid outcome. Future studies are needed to determine which study characteristics reliably influence efficacy because this would help investigators and clinicians interpret trials.

Implications
Study characteristics influenced the estimates of treatment efficacy but individual characteristics’ influence on efficacy appeared to differ among different medications for smoking cessation. We encourage researchers to report study characteristics to improve interpretation of findings and systematic reviews, and to account for nontreatment-related variables to better estimate the efficacy of treatments.
Prevalence of Nonopioid and Opioid Prescriptions Among Commercially Insured Patients with Chronic Pain
Authors: Miller Gabrielle F , Guy Gery P , Zhang Kun , Mikosz Christina A , Xu Likang 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Objective The increased use of opioids to treat chronic pain in the past 20 years has led to a drastic increase in opioid prescribing in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC’s) Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain recommends the use of nonopioid therapy as the preferred treatment for chronic pain. This study analyzes the prevalence of nonopioid prescribing among commercially insured patients with chronic pain.
Design Data from the 2014 IBM® MarketScan® databases representing claims for commercially insured patients were used. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes were used to identify patients with chronic pain. Nonopioid prescriptions included nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics/antipyretics (e.g., acetaminophen), anticonvulsants, and antidepressant medications. The prevalence of nonopioid and opioid prescriptions was calculated by age, sex, insurance plan type, presence of a depressive or seizure disorder, and region.
Results In 2014, among patients with chronic pain, 16% filled only an opioid, 17% filled only a nonopioid prescription, and 28% filled both a nonopioid and an opioid. NSAIDs and antidepressants were the most commonly prescribed nonopioids among patients with chronic pain. Having prescriptions for only nonopioids was more common among patients aged 50–64 years and among female patients.
Conclusions This study provides a baseline snapshot of nonopioid prescriptions before the release of the CDC Guideline and can be used to examine the impact of the CDC Guideline and other evidence-based guidelines on nonopioid use among commercially insured patients with chronic pain.
Subgroups of quantum groups
Authors: Christodoulou Georgia 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
We investigate the notion of a subgroup of a quantum group. We suggest a general definition, which takes into account the work that has been done for quantum homogeneous spaces. We further restrict our attention to reductive subgroups, where some faithful flatness conditions apply. Furthermore, we proceed with a categorical approach to the problem of finding quantum subgroups. We translate all existing results into the language of module and monoidal categories and give another characterization of the notion of a quantum subgroup.
B cells in Sjögren’s syndrome: from pathophysiology to therapeutic target
Authors: Mielle Julie , Tison Alice , Cornec Divi , Le Pottier Laëtitia , Daien Claire , Pers Jacques-Olivier 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Biological abnormalities associated with B lymphocytes are a hallmark of patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Those patients present abnormal distribution of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood and B cells in exocrine glands. B cells produce auto-antibodies, cytokines and present antigens but can also suppressive functions. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on B cells in primary Sjögren’s syndrome patients, demonstrate their critical role in the immunopathology of the disease and describe the past and current trials targeting B cells.
Septic Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis Associated With Orbital Cellulitis: A Report of 6 Cases and Review of Literature
Authors: Branson Sara V. , McClintic Elysa , Yeatts R. Patrick 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
To describe risk factors, clinical parameters, treatment, and prognosis for patients with septic cavernous sinus thrombosis presenting with orbital cellulitis.

Methods:
Retrospective case series of 6 patients identified with septic cavernous sinus thrombosis and orbital cellulitis confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging at a tertiary care center from January 1980 to December 2016. Medical records were reviewed for demographics, risk factors, symptoms, etiology, radiographic diagnosis, complications, treatments, and outcomes. In addition, a literature review was performed from 2005 to 2018, and 119 cases of septic cavernous sinus thrombosis confirmed by imaging were included for aggregate comparison. This study adheres to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, and institutional review board approval was obtained.

Results:
All 6 cases presented with headache, fever, ocular motility deficit, periorbital edema, and proptosis. The primary source of infection included sinusitis (n = 4) and bacteremia (n = 2). Identified microorganisms included methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 3) and Streptococcus anginosus (n = 1). All cases were treated with broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics and anticoagulation, and one case underwent endoscopic sinus surgery. The mean time between initial presentation to diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis was 2.8 days, and the average length of hospital admission was 21 days. The mortality rate was 0%, but 4 cases were discharged with neurological deficits including vision loss (n = 1) and ocular motility disturbance (n = 3). Literature review produced an additional 119 cases.

Conclusions:
Early diagnostic imaging with contrast-enhanced CT or MRI should be initiated in patients with risk factors and ocular symptoms concerning for cavernous sinus thrombosis. Treatment entails early administration of broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotics, anticoagulation, and surgical drainage when applicable.
Study on the Aging Dynamics of the Periorbital Region: From Observation to Knowledge of Physiopathology
Authors: De Biasio Fabrizio , Miotti Giovanni , Zingaretti Nicola , Castriotta Luigi , Parodi Pier Camillo 
Published: October 2018

Purpose:
Several anatomical and physio-pathologic studies of eyelid region have allowed the creation of theories on facial tissues aging dynamics, which have not been clarified yet. We assessed the signs of aging in the region over the time by observing the characteristics in the same person at different times of his/her life.

Methods:
We compared the position of the main anatomical landmarks of the eyelid region of 80 patients by overlaying their photographs when they were 20, 40, and 60 years old. Then we made comparisons in the group of men (40 people) and in the group of women (40 people) and between men and women.

Results:
The medial portion of the eyebrow was higher in the photograph taken at 60 years of age than in the one taken at 20 years old in 56.2% of cases; it was higher in 47.5% of cases when comparing the images at 20 and 40. The lateral portion of the eyebrow was seen higher in women in the 20 to 40 group, and it was seen lower in men at 60 years in statistical significance. In more than half of the patients observed, there was not a real descent of the eyebrow and the presence of a more or less accentuated form of upper eyelid’s ptosis in the photograph at 60 (globally 47.5%, 55.0% of women and 40.0% of men). This condition was observed in 27.5% of the photographs at 40. There were changes in the horizontal dimension of the palpebral fissure (shortening in 53.7%, preserved in 33.7%, and increased in 12.5% of cases at 60 years old). The position of lateral canthus appeared lower in 40.0% of patients photographed at 60, but it was stable in those photographed at 40. The herniation of the upper eyelid bags was observed in 31.2% of the patients photographed at 60 years old but only in 13.7% at 40. Dermatochalasis of the upper eyelid was present in 67.5% of the people at 60 years old and in 55.0% of those seen when they were 40. Comparing men and women groups 20 to 40, dermatochalasis is more present in men than women at 40 years old with statistical significance. The eyelid-cheek junction was seen to be lower in 75.0% of cases at 60 and in 48.7% of cases at 40, and it is more represented in men than in women.

Conclusion:
We have highlighted some interesting elements, partly agreeing with the data already recorded by other authors’, and our data suggest an important role of the eyelid structures senescence and its impact on the surrounding structures.
Appraisal of the emergency nurse practitioner specialty role
Authors: Hoyt Karen Sue , Evans Dian Dowling , Wilbeck Jennifer , Ramirez Elda , Agan Donna , Tyler Diane , Schumann Lorna 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT
The role of the Emergency Nurse Practitioner (ENP) has evolved as a specialty and is appreciated within the context of the 2008 Consensus Model document (APRN Consensus Work Group & National Council of State Boards of Nursing APRN Advisory Committee, 2008). The first in a series of five articles, this article describes the appraisal of the ENP role as well as the specialty and the distinctive role of the ENP. The second article, Emergency Nurse Practitioner Practice Analysis: Report and Implications of the Findings, presents research to support the scientific basis of emergency specialty practice and content validity for a national certification program. Article 3, Beyond Competencies; Practice Standards for Emergency Nurse Practitioners: A Model for Clinicians, Educators, and Employers, introduces a new conceptual model that defines the specialty of emergency care's knowledge, skills, and abilities identified by the ENP practice analysis as practice standards not traditional competencies. In Article 4, Proposed Standardized Educational Preparation for the Emergency Nurse Practitioner, essential content for ENP preparation within graduate, postgraduate, and doctoral programs. The fifth article, Envisioning the Future for ENPs: Implications for Clinical Practice, Education, Research, and Health Policy, describes how ENPs are envisioning and impacting the future of emergency care and how their evolution can serve as a model for development of other advanced practice nursing specialties.
Müllerian inhibiting substance/anti-Müllerian hormone as a fertility preservation agent
Authors: Pépin David , Sabatini Mary E. , Donahoe Patricia K. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
The nascent field of oncofertility is quickly gaining traction as novel experimental treatments are being developed, driving a renewed interest in Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS) as an ovarian fertoprotectant.

Recent findings
MIS is unique in its mechanisms of ovarian protection by virtue of acting directly on granulosa cells of primordial follicles and for being a benign reproductive hormone, with few side effects. We will explore in this review how it may be utilized to protect the ovary from chemotherapy, or to enhance ovarian tissue cryopreservation therapy. We will also examine potential mechanisms of action of MIS across multiple cell types, as well as current limitations in our understanding of the pharmacology of recombinant MIS.

Summary
The usefulness of MIS as a fertoprotectant may be dependent on the mechanisms of gonadotoxicity of each chemotherapeutic. Further investigation is needed to determine how to best deliver and combine MIS treatment to existing fertility management strategies.
High incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and postoperative complications in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis as a primary indication for deceased liver transplantation
Authors: Kern Barbara , Feurstein Benedikt , Fritz Josef , Fabritius Cornelia , Sucher Robert , Graziadei Ivo , Bale Reto , Tilg Herbert , Zoller Heinz , Newsome Philip , Eschertzhuber Stephan , Margreiter Raimund , Öfner Dietmar , Schneeberger Stefan 
Published: October 2018

Background and aims
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an increasingly prevalent indication for liver transplantation (LT) across the world. The relative outcomes following transplantation are poorly described in this cohort. We aimed to analyze the incidence and outcome of LT for NASH as compared with other indications.

Patients and methods
This is a retrospective analysis of 513 patients who underwent deceased-donor, adult LT between 2002 and 2012 as recorded at the Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria.

Results
The prevalence of NASH cirrhosis as indication for liver transplantation was 12.7% (65/513). Patient survival in patients with NASH was comparable to other indications, including alcohol-induced liver steatosis (ALD) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) (P=0.208). Patients with NASH were older, had a higher model of end-stage liver disease score and a higher BMI, but patient survival and graft survival were equivalent to other indications. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as primary indication for liver transplantation showed significantly inferior overall survival as compared with the other indications (P=0.003). Patients with NASH had coexisting HCC in 53.7% of cases, whereas HCC in ALD, HCV and other indications was prevalent in 31.2, 47.7, and 34.5%, respectively (P<0.0001). Patients with NASH had a higher incidence of advanced HCCs (outside the Milan criteria) than patients with ALD, HCV, and other indications (P=0.034). Postoperative complications were significantly higher in the NASH cohort (P=0.048).

Conclusion
In this single-center LT database analysis, patients with NASH have a higher incidence and a more rapid progression of HCC as well as an increased incidence of postoperative complications. Our findings warrant confirmation by others.
Paramyxovirus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients
Authors: Batista Marjorie V. , El Haddad Lynn , Chemaly Roy F. 
Published: October 2018

Purpose of review
In hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients, paramyxovirus infections are major viral respiratory tract infections that, if they progress to lower respiratory tract infections, are associated with reduced survival rates in this population. There are important knowledge gaps regarding treatment decisions for HCT recipients with these infections and in the identification of risk factors that predict infection severity. Here, we review recent data on paramyxovirus infections in HCT recipients focusing on risk factors, new diagnostic and prognostic tools, and management including new drugs and vaccines under development.

Recent findings
Multiplexed molecular assays associated with immunodeficiency scoring index for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have improved our understanding of the epidemiology of RSV and other paramyxovirus infections and the risk factors for worse outcomes. Novel antiviral drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccines are under evaluation with mixed preliminary results.

Summary
Advances in our knowledge of paramyxovirus infections in HCT recipients in the last two decades contributed to better strategies for management and prevention of these infections. A widespread understanding of how to stratify HCT recipients with paramyxovirus infections who would benefit most from antiviral therapy remains to be ascertained. Vaccines and new drugs under development may mitigate the burden of paramyxovirus infections.
Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Correlation Between Soft Tissue and Bone of the Lower Face Using Three-Dimensional Facial Laser Scan
Authors: Kim Seok Hwan , Shin Ho Seong 
Published: October 2018

Background:
The prime aims of this study were to establish cephalometric linear and angular normative values of the lower face using a three-dimensional (3D) analysis in Korean individuals, and validate whether the linear and angular measurements using 3D laser scanner are comparable with measurements using 3D computed tomography (CT).

Methods:
In this study, 40 Korean individuals aged between 18 and 60 years were enrolled. Using 3D CT scan and 3D laser scanner, linear and angular values of the lower face were measured and recorded. Statistical analysis was carried out to verify the concordance and correlation between two 3D imaging modalities.

Results:
The 40 samples consisted of 11 women with a mean age of 40.8 ± 14.5 years and 29 men with a mean age of 29.7 ± 15.0 years. The results demonstrated the difference between sex and the tendency of asymmetry on both sides. Among different methods of measuring angular values, the gonial angle (GA) between tragion’ (Tr’)-gonion’ (Go’)-menton’ (Me’) from 3D laser scanning and between articulate-gonion-menton from CT scan demonstrated a good concordance and a high correlation.

Conclusions:
The GA measured between Tr’-Go’-Me’ using a 3D facial laser scan was comparable with values from 3D CT scan. The reference points and the GA, which we assessed here for 3D laser scanning, can be a reliable alternative method evaluating mandibular angles for assessing patients and surgical planning in plastic and orthognathic surgery.
Approach to Half-Nose and Proboscis Lateralis
Authors: Horoz Ugur , Kuroki Tomoaki , Shimoyama Mami , Yoshimoto Shinya 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Half-nose or heminasal aplasia is an extremely rare congenital malformation, which has a withering effect both on the patient and the family. Proboscis lateralis is a rare facial anomaly resulting in the incomplete development of one side of the nose, which was first defined in 1861 by Forster in his monograph. Proboscis lateralis, cleft nose, and nasal agenesis are rare anomalies; however, half-nose is also an extremely rare condition. In the formation of half-nose deformities, either a facial cleft or nasal dysplasia is the assumed theories of embryological origin. In the reconstruction of proboscis lateralis tissue, local flaps and forehead flaps can be used for a functional and esthetically acceptable structure. The expanded forehead flap has become commonly used in recent years. Estimating the cosmetic result of surgery is an extreme challenge because of the accompanying nasal growth of the transferred tissue and the nose. In this study, the authors report on the reconstruction of half-nose and proboscis lateralis deformity with clinical results.
Safety and Stability of Postponed Maxillomandibular Fixation After Intraoral Vertical Ramus Osteotomy
Authors: Kim Jun-Young , Park Jin Hoo , Jung Hwi-Dong , Jung Young-Soo 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the postoperative safety and long-term stability of bimaxillary orthognathic patients with postponed maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) after intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy.
A total of 61 patients (21 male and 40 female patients; average age [SD], 21.7 [4.7]) were enrolled. All patients underwent maxillary LeFort I osteotomy and bilateral intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy for mandibular prognathism. During the hospital stay, postoperative airway compromise was observed and patients underwent MMF with wire at the second postoperative day. Stability was evaluated by measuring the position at each period: preoperative (T0), 2-day postoperative (T1), and 1-year postoperative.
Postoperative dyspnea and respiratory distress were absent in all patients. The mean number of refixations in physiotherapy was 0.62 (0.86) and the mean duration of physiotherapy was 11.6 (5.5) days. The mean amount of mandibular setback was 12.56 (5.76) mm and menton movement 0.98 (2.36) mm superiorly (T1). The mean mandibular relapse at Pog was 0.87 (1.96) mm anteriorly. Menton showed 1.11 (1.41) mm superiorly movement 1-year postoperatively (T2).
Despite its many advantages, intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy requires a period of MMF which can lead to early discomfort and airway-related emergency. In this study, the physiotherapy procedure and postoperative long-term stability in the postponed MMF group were not different from those of an immediate MMF group studied previously. It therefore constitutes a viable option for oral breathers and other compromised patients.