bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined N‐terminal androgen receptor and autophagy inhibition increases the antitumor effect in enzalutamide sensitive and enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer cells
Authors: Kranzbühler Benedikt , Salemi Souzan , Mortezavi Ashkan , Sulser Tullio , Eberli Daniel 
Published: October 2018

Introduction and ObjectivesMultiple androgen receptor (AR)‐dependent and ‐independent resistance mechanisms limit the efficacy of current castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. Novel N‐terminal domain (NTD) binding AR‐targeting compounds, including EPI‐001 (EPI), have the promising ability to block constitutively active splice variants, which represent a major resistance mechanism in CRPC. Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that acts as survival mechanism in cells exposed to anticancer treatments. We hypothesized, that promising NTD‐AR treatment may upregulate autophagy and that a combination of NTD‐AR and autophagy inhibition might therefore increase antitumor effects.MethodsAR‐expressing prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, LNCaP‐EnzR) were treated with different concentrations of EPI (10, 25, 50 μM) and in combination with the autophagy inhibitors chloroquine (CHQ, 20 μM) or 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA, 5 mM). Cell proliferation was assessed by WST‐1‐assays after 1 and 7 days. Ethidium bromide and Annexin V were used to measure viability and apoptosis on day 7 after treatment. Autophagosome formation was detected by AUTOdot staining. In addition, autophagic activity was monitored by immunocytochemistry and Western blot (WES) for the expression of ATG5, Beclin1, LC3‐I/II and p62.ResultsTreatment with EPI resulted in a dose‐dependent reduction of cell growth and increased apoptosis in both cancer cell lines on day 7. In addition, EPI treatment demonstrated an upregulated autophagosome formation in LNCaP and LNCaP‐EnzR cells. Assessment of autophagic activity by immunocytochemistry and WES revealed an increase of ATG5 and LC3‐II expression and a decreased p62 expression in all EPI‐treated cells. A combined treatment of EPI with autophagy inhibitors led to a further significant reduction of cell viability in both cell lines.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that NTD targeting AR inhibition using EPI leads to an increased autophagic activity in LNCaP and LNCaP‐EnzR prostate cancer cells. A combination of NTD AR blockage with simultaneous autophagy inhibition increases the antitumor effect of EPI in prostate cancer cells. Double treatment may offer a promising strategy to overcome resistance mechanisms in advanced prostate cancer.
Systemic accident analysis models: A comparison study between AcciMap, FRAM, and STAMP
Authors: Yousefi Abouzar , Rodriguez Hernandez Manuel , Lopez Peña Valentin 
Published: October 2018

Nowadays, different accident causation models are used to explain how accidents happen, whereas most of them were developed long time ago. There is an argument that significant changes have occurred in the industry and traditional models may have limitations in identifying causes of accidents in modern industry within complex socio‐technical environment. Consequently, new accident models based on systems theory have been introduced, but they are mainly used by academic researchers. Among systemic accident models, Systems‐Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP), Functional Resonance Accident Model (FRAM), and AcciMap methods have been identified as the most frequently cited models.This article presents a case study‐based comparison of these three models. STAMP and FRAM are used to analyze the Chevron Richmond refinery accident, which is investigated by U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB). CSB investigation team developed an AcciMap of the accident.The results are compared and differences are discussed. In conclusion, STAMP is likely to be more instrumental and comprehensive in identifying contributing factors and generating recommendations. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 38: e12002, 2019
Hands‐on robot‐assisted fracture reduction system guided by a linear guidance constraints controller using a pre‐operatively planned goal pose
Authors: Kim Woo Young , Ko Seong Young 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundIn robot‐assisted fracture reduction systems, the fine alignment of the fractured bone and its path planning are still of issues that need to be resolved.MethodsA novel linear guidance constraints (LGC) controller guides a robot along the shortest path to align a distal fracture segment and a proximal one. In addition, the surgeon can modify the path whenever s/he wants.ResultsWhen the LGC controller is used in the experiment on a femoral bone model with simulated muscles, the fracture reduction time was measured to be 35.6 ± 16.4 seconds, while the position and the angle errors were 0.41 ± 0.61 mm, and 0.22 ± 0.80°, respectively. The proposed controller reduced the reduction time by 78.1%, the translational error by 91.6%, and the angular error by 95.4%, compared with the cases without the LGC controller.ConclusionsIt was proven that the proposed scheme reduced the reduction time and the pose error of the fracture alignment, and that it is effective to alleviate the maneuvering load.
Experimental study on seismic performance of L‐shaped insulated concrete sandwich shear wall with a horizontal seam
Authors: Lu Zheng , Wang Yan , Li Jianbao , Wang Lu 
Published: October 2018

SummaryA series of new L‐shaped insulated concrete sandwich shear walls integrated with heat preservation function are tested for its seismic performance. Those specimens, partially excavated and filled with insulation materials, are made up of three precast specimens and one cast‐in‐situ specimen as a control group. For the three precast specimens, the vertical distributed reinforcements are equivalently spliced to the bottom beam by grouting sleeves arranged along the centerline of the wall, whereas for the compared specimen, they are directly cast‐in‐situ anchored. These specimens are tested under low frequency cyclic loading. The failure mode, yielding load and displacement, skeleton curve, energy dissipation, stiffness degradation, ductility, and so forth, are recorded and analyzed. The result shows that the precast specimens have similar bearing capacity and much better deformation capacity and ductility than that of the control group in this experiment. This indicates that the seismic performance of the proposed L‐shaped insulated concrete sandwich shear wall is desirable and generally meets the requirements of both function and safety, thus can be used as structural elements in practice. The methods in Chinese design code and American Concrete Institute code are adopted to calculate the ultimate shear capacity of this precast insulation shear wall, and it is found that the tested result is larger than the calculated one, indicating the calculation method is reliable.
Steady and transient inflow dynamics with actuator disk vortex theory
Authors: Pedersen Morten D. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe actuator disk is a well‐known and widely used theoretical tool in wind engineering. This work proposes a new theory based on an actuator surface, capable of treating time‐varying vectorial load distributions and yaw/pitch misalignment. A simplified representation of vortex motion is used to arrive at a tractable problem. The theory is not restricted to disks; arbitrary coplanar (optionally disjoint) actuator surfaces may be modeled. Some of the theoretical novelties used in the modeling includes use of the fractional Laplacian and extensive use of the Fourier transform on
. Promising experimental validation based on pitch‐step experiments at the Tjæreborg turbine is furnished. Comparisons are also made to existing methodologies. Analysis and numerical work shows that the model encapsulates Coleman's vortex theory.
Diurnal cycle RANS simulations applied to wind resource assessment
Authors: Barcons Jordi , Avila Matias , Folch Arnau 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMicroscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models can be used for wind resource assessment on complex terrains. These models generally assume neutral atmospheric stratification, an assumption that can lead to inaccurate modeling results and to large uncertainties at certain sites. We propose a methodology for wind resource evaluation based on unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier‐Stokes (URANS) simulations of diurnal cycles including the effect of thermal stratification. Time‐dependent boundary conditions are generated by a 1D precursor to drive 3D diurnal cycle simulations for a given geostrophic wind direction sector. Time instants of the cycle representative of four thermal stability regimes are sampled within diurnal cycle simulations and combined with masts time series to obtain the wind power density (WPD). The methodology has been validated on a complex site instrumented with seven met masts. The WPD spatial distribution is in good agreement with observations with the mean absolute error improving 17.1% with respect to the neutral stratification assumption.
Incorporating air density into a Gaussian process wind turbine power curve model for improving fitting accuracy
Authors: Pandit Ravi Kumar , Infield David , Carroll James 
Published: October 2018

AbstractA power curve conventionally represents the relationship between hub height wind speed and wind turbine power output. Power curves facilitate the prediction of power production at a site and are also useful in identifying the significant changes in turbine performance which can be vital for condition monitoring. However, their accuracy is significantly influenced by changes in air density, mainly when the turbine is operating below rated power. A Gaussian process (GP) is a nonparametric machine learning approach useful for power curve fitting. Critical analysis of temperature correction is essential for improving the accuracy of wind turbine power curves. The conventional approach is to correct the data for air density before it is binned to provide a power curve, as described in the IEC standard. In this paper, four different possible approaches of air density correction and its effect on GP power curve fitting model accuracy are explored to identify whether the traditional IEC approach used for air density correction is most effective when estimating power curves using a GP. Finding the most accurate air density compensation approach is necessary to minimize GP model uncertainty.
Patrilocal Residence and Female Labor Supply: Evidence From Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Landmann Andreas , Seitz Helke , Steiner Susan 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Many people live in patrilocal societies, which prescribe that women move in with their husbands’ parents, relieve their in-laws from housework, and care for them in old age. This arrangement is likely to have labor market consequences, in particular for women. We study the effect of coresidence on female labor supply in Kyrgyzstan, a strongly patrilocal setting. We account for the endogeneity of coresidence by exploiting the tradition that youngest sons usually live with their parents. In both OLS and IV estimations, the effect of coresidence on female labor supply is negative and insignificant. This finding is in contrast to previous studies, which found positive effects in less patrilocal settings. We go beyond earlier work by investigating effect channels. In Kyrgyzstan, coresiding women invest more time in elder care than women who do not coreside, and they do not receive parental support in housework.
Be ready to fight new 5G vulnerabilities
Authors: Sens Ronald 
Published: October 2018

In the evolving landscape of mobile networks, we are beginning to see new vulnerabilities open up through 3G and 4G networks, and it is more than likely that 5G will follow this same fate. Protecting only this Gi Interface is no longer enough for any service providers’ security. We are beginning to see new vulnerabilities open up through 3G and 4G networks, and it is more than likely that 5G will suffer the same fate. In addition to mitigating and stopping terabit-scale attacks coming from the Internet, it is imperative for enterprises to improve their security by using full-spectrum defences that protect the whole infrastructure. With the assistance of 5G service providers, businesses can then rest easy knowing they have multiple lines of defence, explains Ronald Sens at A10 Networks.
IoT and regulation – striking the right balance
Authors: Hogewoning Marco 
Published: October 2018

The UK Government has made the welcome announcement that it will establish a new Internet of Things (IoT) code of practice – ‘Secure by Design’ – to increase the security of connected devices. 1 Understandably, this has sparked discussions about whether the code of practice is a precursor to more formal regulation of the IoT. Regulation is certainly one route that can be taken to resolve the serious security challenges that the IoT faces. However, caution should be exercised when pondering the regulation of IoT, as it could serve only to damage IoT innovation and dynamism, threatening the very market growth that it is driving. Regulation is certainly one route that can be taken to resolve the serious security challenges posed by the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT network has huge potential for businesses to help support cost reduction, streamline operational processes and improve overall service delivery to customers. But the success of the IoT market has caused its security to become a growing concern. However, caution is needed when considering the regulation as it could damage innovation, argues Marco Hogewoning of RIPE NCC.
Does residential sorting explain geographic polarization?
Authors: Martin Gregory J. , Webster Steven W. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPolitical preferences in the United States are highly correlated with population density, at national, state, and metropolitan-area scales. Using new data from voter registration records, we assess the extent to which this pattern can be explained by geographic mobility. We find that the revealed preferences of voters who move from one residence to another correlate with partisan affiliation, though voters appear to be sorting on non-political neighborhood attributes that covary with partisan preferences rather than explicitly seeking politically congruent neighbors. But, critically, we demonstrate through a simulation study that the estimated partisan bias in moving choices is on the order of five times too small to sustain the current geographic polarization of preferences. We conclude that location must have some influence on political preference, rather than the other way around, and provide evidence in support of this theory.
TOWARDS JUDICIAL COORDINATION FOR GOOD WATER GOVERNANCE?
Authors: Barral Virginie 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis article explores the procedural environmental rights practice of regional human rights and environmental protection systems through a comparative lens in order to identify the ways in which existing developments and current trends can inform and enrich the procedural dimension of the right to water. The study suggests that enhanced levels of transparency, public engagement and justiciability in water-related decisions are significant steps towards the achievement of the substantive dimension of the right to water and highlights the potential for cross-fertilization between such regimes towards good water governance.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS IN HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: A REVIEW OF CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLIED METHODS
Authors: Luhnen Miriam , Prediger Barbara , Neugebauer Edmund A.M. , Mathes Tim 
Published: October 2018

Objectives:When making decisions in health care, it is essential to consider economic evidence about an intervention. The objective of this study was to analyze the methods applied for systematic reviews of health economic evaluations (SR-HEs) in HTA and to identify common challenges.Methods:We manually searched the Web pages of HTA organizations and included HTA-reports published since 2015. Prerequisites for inclusion were the conduct of an SR-HE in at least one electronic database and the use of the English, German, French, or Spanish language. Methodological features were extracted in standardized tables. We prepared descriptive statistical (e.g., median, range) measures to describe the applied methods. Data were synthesized in a structured narrative way.Results:Eighty-three reports were included in the analysis. We identified inexplicable heterogeneity, particularly concerning literature search strategy, data extraction, assessment of quality, and applicability. Furthermore, process steps were often missing or reported in a nontransparent way. The use of a standardized data extraction form was indicated in one-third of reports (32 percent). Fifty-four percent of authors systematically appraised included studies. In 10 percent of reports, the applicability of included studies was assessed. Involvement of two reviewers was rarely reported for the study selection (43 percent), data extraction (28 percent), and quality assessment (39 percent).Conclusions:The methods applied for SR-HEs in HTA and their reporting quality are very heterogeneous. Efforts toward a detailed, standardized guidance for the preparation of SR-HEs definitely seem necessary. A general harmonization and improvement of the applied methodology would increase the value of SR-HE for decision makers.
Taking it up a level: Copy-raising and cascaded tiers of morphosyntactic change
Authors: Brook Marisa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper uncovers evidence for two linked levels of morphosyntactic change occurring in Canadian English. The more ordinary is a lexical replacement: with finite subordination afterseem,the complementizerlikehas been overtaking all the alternatives (as if, as though, that,andØ). On top of this, there is a broader syntactic change whereby the entire finite structure (now represented primarily bylike) is beginning to catch on at the expense of infinitival subordination afterseem. Drawing on complementary evidence from British English and several partial precedents in the historical linguistics literature, I take this correlation to mean thatlikehas reached sufficient rates among the finite strategy to have instigated the second level of change, to the point that it has ramifications for epistemic and evidential marking with the verbseem. I propose that the best model of these trajectories is a set of increasingly large envelopes of variation, one inside the next, and argue that the envelope might itself be an entity susceptible to change over time.
Quality assurance of linear accelerator: a comprehensive system using electronic portal imaging device
Authors: Niyas P. , Abdullah K. K. , Noufal M. P. , Vysakh R. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAimThe Electronic Portal Imaging Device (EPID), primarily used for patient setup during radiotherapy sessions is also used for dosimetric measurements. In the present study, the feasibility of EPID in both machine and patient-specific quality assurance (QA) are investigated. We have developed a comprehensive software tool for effective utilisation of EPID in our institutional QA protocol.Materials and methodsPortal Vision aS1000, amorphous silicon portal detector attached to Clinac iX—Linear Accelerator (LINAC) was used to measure daily profile and output constancy, various Multi-Leaf Collimator (MLC) checks and patient plan verification. Different QA plans were generated with the help of Eclipse Treatment Planning System (TPS) and MLC shaper software. The indigenously developed MATLAB programs were used for image analysis. Flatness, symmetry, output constancy, Field Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) and fluence comparison were studied from images obtained from TPS and EPID dosimetry.ResultsThe 3 years institutional data of profile constancy and patient-specific QA measured using EPID were found within the acceptable limits. The daily output of photon beam correlated with the output obtained through solid phantom measurements. The Pearson correlation coefficients are 0.941 (p = 0.0001), 0.888 (p = 0.0188) and 0.917 (p = 0.0007) for the years of 2014, 2015 and 2016, respectively. The accuracy of MLC for shaping complex treatment fields was studied in terms of FWHM at different portions of various fields, showed good agreement between TPS-generated and EPID-measured MLC positions. The comparison of selected patient plans in EPID with an independent 2D array detector system showed statistically significant correlation between these two systems. Percentage difference between TPS computed and EPID measured fluence maps calculated for number of patients using MATLAB code also exhibited the validity of those plans for treatment.
Pulsation Characteristics of Jovian Infrared Northern Aurora Observed by the Subaru IRCS with Adaptive Optics
Authors: Watanabe H. , Kita H. , Tao C. , Kagitani M. , Sakanoi T. , Kasaba Y. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe report narrow band‐filtered imaging observations of the Jovian H3+ 3.4‐μm emission using the IRCS (infrared camera and spectrograph) on the Subaru telescope taken on 25 May 2016. Approximately 1 hr of data was taken at intervals of 45–110 s, with high spatial resolution (~0.2 arcsec) using adaptive optics. In the northern polar region, we found bright patch‐like emissions on the poleward side of the main oval. One of them had a pulsation period of ~10 min. We utilized an H3+ emission model to investigate the response time of the H3+ emission to abrupt and periodic variations of the precipitating electron flux. The model showed that the H3+ emission could pulsate with this timescale due to a modulated flux of the precipitating electrons in the kilo‐electron‐volt to tens of kilo‐electron‐volt energy range.
Magnetotail Hall Physics in the Presence of Cold Ions
Authors: Alm L. , André M. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Y. V. , Torbert R. B. , Burch J. L , Ergun R. E. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Russell C. T. , Giles B. L. , Mauk B. H. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe present the first in situ observation of cold ionospheric ions modifying the Hall physics of magnetotail reconnection. While in the tail lobe, Magnetospheric Multiscale mission observed cold (tens of eV) E × B drifting ions. As Magnetospheric Multiscale mission crossed the separatrix of a reconnection exhaust, both cold lobe ions and hot (keV) ions were observed. During the closest approach of the neutral sheet, the cold ions accounted for ∼30% of the total ion density. Approximately 65% of the initial cold ions remained cold enough to stay magnetized. The Hall electric field was mainly supported by the j × B term of the generalized Ohm's law, with significant contributions from the ∇·Pe and vc×B terms. The results show that cold ions can play an important role in modifying the Hall physics of magnetic reconnection even well inside the plasma sheet. This indicates that modeling magnetic reconnection may benefit from including multiscale Hall physics.