bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Auto‐Tuning Mixed‐Precision Computation by Specifying Multiple Regions
Authors: Ren Xuanzhengbo , Kawai Masatoshi , Hoshino Tetsuya , Katagiri Takahiro , Nagai Toru 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTMixed‐precision computation is a promising method for substantially improving high‐performance computing applications. However, using mixed‐precision data is a double‐edged sword. While it can improve computational performance, the reduction in precision introduces more uncertainties and errors. As a result, precision tuning is necessary to determine the optimal mixed‐precision configurations. Much effort is therefore spent on selecting appropriate variables while balancing execution time and numerical accuracy. Auto‐tuning (AT) is one of the technologies that can assist in alleviating this intensive task. In recent years, ppOpen‐AT, an AT language, introduced a directive for mixed‐precision tuning called “Blocks.” In this study, we investigated an AT strategy for the “Blocks” directive for multi‐region tuning of a program. The non‐hydrostatic icosahedral atmospheric model (NICAM), a global cloud‐resolving model, was used as a benchmark program to evaluate the effectiveness of the AT strategy. Experimental results indicated that when a single region of the program performed well in mixed‐precision computation, combining these regions resulted in better performance. When tested on the supercomputer “Flow” Type I (Fujitsu PRIMEHPC FX1000) and Type II (Fujitsu PRIMEHPC CX1000) subsystems, the mixed‐precision NICAM benchmark program tuned by the AT strategy achieved a speedup of nearly 1.31× on the Type I subsystem compared to the original double‐precision program, and a 1.12× speedup on the Type II subsystem.
A Comparative Study of Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury, Hopelessness and Meaning in Life Before and After COVID‐19 in Adolescents
Authors: Sanz‐Sendra X. , Mora‐Ascó J. , Gallego‐Hernández de Tejada B. , Marco J. H. , Pérez Rodríguez S. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionRecent research shows that there has been a decrease in meaning in life and an increase in hopelessness and nonsuicidal self‐injury in adolescents after the pandemic. The present study aims to address three objectives: (1) to compare the frequency, types and functions of nonsuicidal self‐injury before and after the pandemic, (2) to explore the relationship between meaning in life, hopelessness and nonsuicidal self‐injury and (3) to study differences in nonsuicidal self‐injury, meaning in life and hopelessness levels before and following the pandemic.MethodsThis research was conducted in a community sample of N = 3800 Spanish participants, including n = 1733 from the pre‐pandemic period and n = 2067 from the post‐pandemic period. Ages ranged between 11 and 19, and the average age was 14.87 (SD = 1.58). The sample had an equal distribution by gender, with 50.5% females (n = 1919) and 49.5% males (n = 1881). Standardized tests such as ISAS‐II, BHS and PIL‐10 were used, as well as descriptive statistics, Spearman correlations and non‐parametric ANCOVAs of Quade controlling for age and gender to compare pre‐ and post‐pandemic variables.ResultsThe results revealed a significant increase in the number of functions of nonsuicidal self‐injury, in the methods employed and in the levels of hopelessness, along with a notable decrease in meaning in life after the pandemic. However, the estimated prevalence of pre‐ and post‐pandemic nonsuicidal self‐injury remained similar. The estimated lifetime prevalence of NSSI was 24.9% (n = 432) before the pandemic and 19.4% (n = 401) after the pandemic. A positive correlation between nonsuicidal self‐injury and hopelessness and a negative correlation with meaning in life were observed.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that the pandemic influenced the mental health of young Spaniards and suggest it may be useful to incorporate meaning‐centred interventions in protocols to address nonsuicidal self‐injury and hopelessness in adolescent populations.
Combining Bismuth Telluride and Palladium for High Efficiency Glycerol Electrooxidation
Authors: Ren Fangfang , Pan Hongjun , Wang Cheng , Du Yukou 
Published: November 2024

AbstractDesigning high‐performance anodic catalysts to drive glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) is essential for advancing direct alcohol fuel cells. Coupling Pd with oxophilic materials is an effective strategy to enhance its intrinsic catalytic activity. In this study, we successfully synthesized Pd/Bi2Te3 catalysts with tunable compositions, using Bi2Te3 as a novel promoter, and applied them to the GOR for the first time. Electrocatalytic tests revealed that the activity of the Pd/Bi2Te3 catalysts was closely linked to their compositions. Among these catalysts, the optimized Pd/Bi2Te3‐20 % showed potential to replace the commercial Pd/C catalyst, exhibiting a peak current density 5.2 times higher than that of the benchmark Pd/C catalyst. Furthermore, improved catalytic stability and faster catalytic kinetics were observed for Pd/Bi2Te3‐20 %. The synergistic effect between Pd and Bi2Te3 is responsible for the high performance of the Pd/Bi2Te3‐20 % catalyst.
Examining the clinical role and educational preparation of heart failure nurses across Europe. A survey of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the Association of Cardiovascular Nursing and Allied Professions (ACNAP) of the ESC
Authors: Hill Loreena , Girerd Nicolas , Castiello Teresa , Jaarsma Tiny , Metra Marco , Rosano Guiseppe , Savage Patrick , Schuuring Mark J. , Simpson Maggie , Uchmanowicz Izabella , Volterrani Maurizio , Williams Rhys , Lambrinou Ekaterini , Hage Camilla 
Published: November 2024

AimsTo describe the clinical practice and educational preparation of heart failure (HF) nurses across Europe and determine the key differences between countries.Methods and resultsA survey tool was developed, in English, by the Heart Failure Association Patient Care committee of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). It was translated into eight languages, before electronically disseminated by nurse ambassadors, presidents of HF national societies and through social media. A total of 837 nurses involved in the daily care of patients with HF from 15 countries completed the survey. Most nurses, 78% (n = 395) worked within a hospital outpatient setting, and 51% (n = 431) had access to a specialized HF multidisciplinary team. Nurses performed a range of activities including patient education to promote self‐care, virtual and in‐person symptom monitoring. A third had more than 5‐year experience in cardiac care and 22% (n = 182) prescribed HF medications. There was a significant correlation between HF nurses that prescribed HF medications and access to a specialist multidisciplinary team (p = 0.04). A small number of nurses, mainly from Belgium, supported invasive monitoring (n = 68, 8%) with 14% (n = 120) of mostly Danish nurses supporting exercise programmes. The majority of nurses surveyed were committed to further academic professional development, with 41% (n = 343) having completed a HF course.ConclusionThe role of the HF nurse varies across Europe, however involvement in patient education, symptom monitoring and follow‐up remain core to their practice. In specific activities including the prescribing of HF medications and involvement in invasive monitoring, practice has advanced with collaboration in the multidisciplinary team. Consequently, harmonization of education, training and career pathways are required to standardize HF care aligned with expert guidelines across Europe.
Structural Modifications on Dopamine Molecules toward Polydopamine Applications
Authors: Heo Yoonji , Ji Minseo , Ryu Chae Young , Kim Haein , Choi Isaac , Kang Sung Min , Kim Min 
Published: November 2024

AbstractPolydopamine (PDA) is a synthetic material synthesized through the oxidative self‐polymerization of dopamine under alkaline conditions. This material emulates the adhesive properties of mussel foot proteins, allowing the formation of robust and stable organic coatings on various surfaces. Researchers have attempted to identify and improve the surface‐coating properties of PDA by incorporating additional organic functional groups. This review explores the structural modifications of dopamine molecules at the organic chemistry level, with a focus on changes in the catechol moiety and aliphatic amines, and examines their impact on the applications of PDA. The flexibility of these modifications underscores their importance for optimizing PDA coatings for a wide range of applications.
Relative Stability and Basicity of Enamines from Aminocatalysts
Authors: Bosch Lluís , Costa Anna M. , Vilarrasa Jaume 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe relative thermodynamic stability of two series of enamines has been examined using DFT (mainly M06‐2X), MP2, and CCSD(T) calculations, supplemented by 1H NMR spectroscopy in some cases. The basicity of enamines derived from pyrrolidine and various carbonyl compounds has been computationally compared in the gas phase and in water; the results indicate which enamines or iminium ions may predominate in nonpolar and polar acidic media when pyrrolidine and two or more carbonyl groups or carbonyl compounds are present in the reaction flask. The relative basicity of a second series of enamines, from propanal and chiral pyrrolidines or imidazolidin‐4‐ones, has also been investigated; this sheds light on the main intermediates that should be expected when two or more secondary amines are present in acid‐catalyzed aldehyde reactions. Non‐covalent interactions explain the stability of folded side‐chain conformers of O‐silylated prolinol enamines, according to the predictions of M06–2X, ωB97X−D, and B3LYP−D3 (but not B3LYP). The significant stability of iminium ions containing appropriate electron‐donating atoms or groups accounts for the basicity of the corresponding enamines. These findings pave the way for the future development of dual aminocatalytic processes.
Data‐driven methods for quantitative imaging
Authors: Dong Guozhi , Flaschel Moritz , Hintermüller Michael , Papafitsoros Kostas , Sirotenko Clemens , Tabelow Karsten 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn the field of quantitative imaging, the image information at a pixel or voxel in an underlying domain entails crucial information about the imaged matter. This is particularly important in medical imaging applications, such as quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI), where quantitative maps of biophysical parameters can characterize the imaged tissue and thus lead to more accurate diagnoses. Such quantitative values can also be useful in subsequent, automatized classification tasks in order to discriminate normal from abnormal tissue, for instance. The accurate reconstruction of these quantitative maps is typically achieved by solving two coupled inverse problems which involve a (forward) measurement operator, typically ill‐posed, and a physical process that links the wanted quantitative parameters to the reconstructed qualitative image, given some underlying measurement data. In this review, by considering qMRI as a prototypical application, we provide a mathematically‐oriented overview on how data‐driven approaches can be employed in these inverse problems eventually improving the reconstruction of the associated quantitative maps.
Sporadic Breast Angiosarcoma With MYC Amplification on Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Detected Using Nanopore Sequencing in an Adolescent Female
Authors: Makise Naohiro , Lin Jason , Kageyama Hajime , Oikawa Mariko , Sugiyama Takahiro , Kawana Hidetada , Araki Akinobu , Hayama Shouko , Nakamura Rikiya , Kinoshita Hideyuki , Kamoda Hiroto , Hagiwara Yoko , Yonemoto Tsukasa , Kawazu Masahito , Itami Makiko 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAngiosarcoma (AS) is a malignant vascular neoplasm comprising neoplastic endothelial cells accounting for 1%–4% of soft tissue sarcomas. While lymphedema‐associated and post‐irradiation ASs are almost always driven by a high‐level amplification of MYC (8q24), sporadic ASs, including those of breast parenchymal origin, typically lack MYC amplification. Here, we report a case of sporadic breast MYC‐amplified AS in a 19‐year‐old female with no history of lymphedema or irradiation, who was referred to our hospital for an enlarging right breast mass. After needle biopsy, the patient underwent right mastectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy. Microscopically, atypical endothelial cells proliferated and formed well‐defined or slit‐like vascular channels that invaded and dissected the breast parenchymal fat, ducts, and lobules. In a limited area, the tumor cells showed solid sheet‐like proliferation with increased mitotic figures of 40 per 2 mm2 with a small area of necrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong positivity for c‐Myc. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with MYC break‐apart probes showed a high‐level 5′ single signal amplification. The patient was disease‐free 16 months post‐surgery. Nanopore sequencing successfully detected not only a high‐level amplification of the 8q24 region, including MYC, but also multiple structural variants of the 8q24 region. In‐depth analysis revealed extrachromosomal circular DNA amplification including the MYC protein‐coding region and upstream region but not the downstream region. We also performed methylation classification using nanopore‐based methylation data to successfully categorize the tumor as AS. This case report highlights the potential utility of nanopore sequencing in the diagnosis of sarcomas.
Sex‐ and site‐specific associations of circulating lipocalin 2 and incident colorectal cancer: Results from the EPIC cohort
Authors: Reichmann Robin , Nimptsch Katharina , Pischon Tobias , Gunter Marc J. , Jenab Mazda , Eriksen Anne Kirstine , Tjonneland Anne , Janke Jürgen , Katzke Verena , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B. , Eichelmann Fabian , Masala Giovanna , Sieri Sabina , Pasanisi Fabrizio , Tumino Rosario , Giraudo Maria Teresa , Rothwell Joseph , Severi Gianluca , Jakszyn Paula , Sanchez‐Perez Maria Jose , Amiano Pilar , Colorado‐Yohar Sandra M. , Guevara Marcela , van Guelpen Bethany , Aglago Elom K. , Heath Alicia K. , Smith‐Byrne Karl , Weiderpass Elisabete , Aleksandrova Krasimira 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExperimental research has uncovered lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as a novel biomarker implicated in the modulation of intestinal inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and colon carcinogenesis. However, evidence from human research has been scant. We, therefore, explored the association of pre‐diagnostic circulating LCN2 concentrations with incident colorectal cancer (CRC) in a nested case–control study within the in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. LCN2 was measured in 1267 incident CRC cases matched to 1267 controls using incidence density sampling. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) according to tumor subsite and sex. Weighted Cox proportional hazard regression was used to explore associations by adiposity status. In multivariable‐adjusted analyses, the IRR [95% CI] per doubling in LCN2 concentration was 1.16 [0.98–1.37] for CRC overall, 1.26 [1.00–1.59] for colon cancer, and 1.08 [0.85–1.38] for rectal cancer. The association for colon cancer was more pronounced in women (IRR [95% CI], 1.66 [1.20–2.30]) and for proximal colon cancer (IRR [95% CI], 1.96 [1.15–3.34]), whereas no association was seen in men and distal colon cancer. The association for colon cancer was positive in individuals with high waist circumference (hazard ratio [95% CI], 1.69 [1.52–1.88]) and inverse in individuals with low waist circumference (hazard ratio [95% CI], 0.86 [0.76–0.98], P interaction<0.01). Overall, these data suggest that pre‐diagnostic LCN2 concentrations were positively associated with colon cancer, particularly occurring in the proximal colon, in women and among individuals with abdominal adiposity.
Assessing pharmacy students' HIV pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescribing knowledge, PrEP attitudes, and HIV‐related stigma
Authors: Bustria Celeste Noelle , Yohannes Finan , Cocohoba Jennifer , Nguyen Lee , Patel Nimish , Saberi Parya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) significantly reduces the risk of acquiring HIV. To increase PrEP prescribing, it is crucial to evaluate the preparedness of future pharmacists who will play a pivotal role in providing PrEP education, counseling, and prescribing.ObjectiveWe assessed PrEP‐prescribing knowledge, attitudes, and HIV‐related stigma of pharmacy students.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional web‐based survey of student pharmacists in their final two years of education and training at the three University of California pharmacy schools. Survey questions assessed students' awareness of PrEP, familiarity with prescribing guidelines and Senate Bill 159 (SB159), PrEP knowledge, HIV‐related stigma, and attitudes about PrEP. The sample was characterized using descriptive statistics, and non‐parametric tests were used to examine associations between dependent variables and independent variables. A p‐value <0.05 was deemed statistically significant.ResultsA total of 110 students participated in the survey. The greatest familiarity with guidelines was observed in male (77.4%) (p = 0.047) and gay‐identifying (100%) (p = 0.039) students compared with other genders and sexual identities, respectively. Non‐advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) students (70.3%) displayed significantly more familiarity with SB159 than APPE students (65.2%) (p = 0.006). Non‐APPE students displayed higher HIV‐related stigma compared with APPE students (13.8 vs. 9.4, p = 0.0015). Significant differences in PrEP knowledge (p = 0.0105), HIV‐related stigma (p = 0.0003), and PrEP attitudes (p = 0.0098) were observed between the schools. African American students had a significantly higher mean PrEP attitudes score (mean = 51.0, standard deviation [SD] = 3.6) compared with other racial categories (p = 0.0329).ConclusionElevated HIV‐related stigma, in the presence of high levels of PrEP knowledge, highlights the need to focus on destigmatizing HIV prevention services and increasing anti‐stigma training, which is imperative in preparing student pharmacists to prescribe PrEP.
Palmitic Acid Induced a Dedifferentiation Profile at the Transcriptome Level: A Collagen Synthesis but no Triglyceride Accumulation in Hepatocyte‐Like Cells Derived From Human‐Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Cultivated Inside Organ on a Chip
Authors: Wang Hanyuan , Danoy Mathieu , Gong Ya , Utami Tia , Arakawa Hiroshi , Kato Yukio , Nishikawa Masaki , Sakai Yasuyuki , Leclerc Eric 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main causes of critical liver diseases leading to steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and ultimately to liver cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma. In this study, the effect of palmitic acid (PA), one of the most abundant dietary fatty acids, was investigated using an organ‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) technology on hepatocyte‐like cells derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). After 1 week of hepatic maturation, followed by 1 week of exposure, the transcriptomic analysis showed lower liver transcription factor activity. It also revealed that 318 genes were differentially expressed between the control and 0.5‐mM PA conditions. The 0.5‐mM PA conditions were characterized by the downregulation of hepatic markers (liver transcription factors, phase I and phase II metabolism genes) of lipidic genes (metabolism and transport). In parallel, the 0.5‐mM PA treatment upregulated several extracellular matrix genes (such as collagen genes). The physiopathological staining demonstrated no lipid accumulation in our model and confirmed the secretion of collagen in the 0.5‐mM PA conditions. However, the production of albumin, the metabolic biotransformation by the cytochrome P450 enzymes, and the biliary acid concentrations were not altered by the PA treatments. Overall, our data illustrated the response to PA characterized by an early stage of dedifferentiation observed at the transcriptomic levels associated with a modification of the collagenic profile but without lipid accumulation. We believe that our model provides new insight of the onset of palmitic lipotoxicity in the early stage of NAFLD.
Mimicking the Architecture and Dissolution Chemistry of Cancellous Bone Tissue to Optimize the Biocompatibility of Bioactive Scaffolds
Authors: Piraino Lindsay , Perry Danielle L. , Weitzel Ryan , Mokhtari Sahar , Kucko Sierra K. , Keenan Timothy J. , Wren Anthony W. 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSynthesis of mechanically stable porous scaffolds with an architecture analogous to cancellous bone tissue poses significant challenges to bioactive glass (BG) based scaffolds. This is primarily due to densification and crystallization of the BG's during heat treatment. This study presents a modified BG series (42SiO2—xTiO2—24Na2O—21CaO—13P2O5, where x = 8 and 16 TiO2). TiO2 replaced the SiO2 concentration in the glass and was incorporated due to its biocompatibility and influence on glass structure. Material characterization determined that TiO2 did not induce crystallization within the glass but did increase the glass transition temperature (Tg) from 520°C to 600°C thereby indicating a more stable network connectivity. Scaffolds were synthesized using the foam replication method, resulting in scaffolds with a pore size of approximately 500 μm with the BG‐4 composition (30SiO2—12TiO2—24Na2O—21CaO—13P2O5) retaining its amorphous character post‐heat treatment. Scaffold ion release was monitored over 5–60 days in simulated body fluid (SBF). Si4+ release was found to decrease, while Ca2+ levels increased in SBF as TiO2 replaced SiO2 within the glass series. Cytocompatibility studies revealed that MC3T3 Osteoblast cells proliferated on the BG‐4 scaffold surface and at its interface within culture media, and cell numbers were not significantly reduced.
Impact of the host lattice on crystallographic, Raman, optical, and luminescent properties on the terbium ion
Authors: Ansari Anees A. , Khan M. A. Majeed 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA comparative study of the Gd2O3:Tb and Y2O3:Tb nanoparticles (NPs) was presented to examine the influence of the host lattices on the crystallographic phase, surface characteristics, optical properties, Raman effect, and photoluminescence properties. Cubic shapes Gd2O3:Tb and Y2O3:Tb NPs with an estimated crystalline size of 17 and 11 nm were recorded from the X‐ray diffraction pattern, respectively. Comparative absorption spectra of both oxides NPs were presented to examine the dispersibility, colloidal stability, and optical behavior of the NPs. Energy bandgap values were estimated to monitor the optical characteristics of the metal oxides in the UV/Vis region. Fourier transform infrared was recorded to confirm the surface‐attached water and organic moieties. The Raman spectra of metal oxides were recorded to examine the symmetrical dis‐order and polarizability of the vibrational bands. The ionic radius of the atoms distorts the bond structure resulting in it greatly influenced the vibrational bands of the materials. The emission spectra certified the effective doping of the luminescent Tb3+‐ion in the metal oxide host lattices. Raman spectra and emission spectra validated the crystal symmetry imperfections; subsequently, the efficiency of the Raman active modes and emission transitions was greatly influenced. In a comparative analysis, Y2O3:Tb NPs exhibited higher luminescence intensity in comparison with the Gd2O3:Tb NPs.