bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of doxycycline for prophylaxis of sexually transmitted infections
Authors: Stratman Scott , Zampella John G. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe surging rates of STIs necessitate medical practitioners in the appropriate specialties to focus on rapid recognition, treatment and prevention of these conditions. Through both pre‐ and post‐exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline, dermatologists can provide up‐to‐date treatment in the field of venereology. Herein, we review the results of clinical trials in the available literature that investigate doxycycline prophylaxis in the prevention of bacterial STIs. A search was performed using the PubMED and Scopus databases which yielded six clinical trials for our review. Based on the results of these clinical trials, doxycycline prophylaxis offers significant reductions in bacterial STIs, specifically in men who have sex with men (MSM). Additional research is needed in other high‐risk groups, including females. Moreover, additional research is needed to determine the effects of doxycycline prophylaxis on tetracycline resistance in STI‐causing bacteria. As the utilization of doxycycline prophylaxis for STIs becomes more common, it is important that dermatologists become familiar with the data surrounding this prevention regimen and patient populations who may seek to know more about it. More research is needed to determine benefits in other subpopulations, antimicrobial resistance and cost effectiveness.
Network analysis of lawyer referral markets: Evidence from Indiana
Authors: Liu Jing , Hyman David A. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUsing network analysis, we study referrals among plaintiff‐side lawyers handling medical malpractice cases in Indiana. The referral network is stratified, with a few highly connected “hub” firms. Firm connectivity follows a power law distribution—suggesting that new entrants tend to associate with already well‐connected firms, rather than starting a new network. Regression analysis shows that, for a given firm, connectivity (i.e., node degree) in the referral network and being loyal to a smaller number of firms both lead to better outcomes in non‐referred cases. The referral network also became more concentrated over time. The stratification of the market for plaintiff‐side representation is reinforced through these processes.
Effects of Attachment Orientation and Designed Vertical Movement on Molar Distalisation With Clear Aligners: A Biomechanical Finite Element Study
Authors: Li Jialun , Yang Yi , He Xian , Lai Wenli , Long Hu 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of molar attachment orientation and designed molar vertical movement on molar distalisation using clear aligners. Specifically, the study focused on the impact of vertical forces during upper second molar distalisation.Materials and MethodsA three‐dimensional finite element analysis was conducted to simulate upper molar distalisation using clear aligners. Four attachment orientations (0°, 45°, 90° and 135°) were designed. The study included three scenarios: distalisation alone; distalisation combined with intrusion; and distalisation combined with extrusion. The displacement tendencies and stress distribution on the second molar under various attachment orientations and vertical movements were analysed.ResultsMolar distalisation resulted in buccal tipping, distal tipping and intrusion tendency in all models. The molar with 135° attachment orientation exhibited the most significant distal movement under intrusive force, while the one with 45° attachment showed the greatest distal movement under extrusive force. Additionally, greater distal movement was achieved with intrusive force compared to extrusive force, likely due to improved aligner grip on the attachments and teeth during intrusion.ConclusionAttachment orientation significantly affects the effectiveness of molar distalisation and vertical movement with clear aligners. The 90° attachment group achieved the most effective molar distalisation. The 135° attachment is more effective under intrusive force, while the 45° attachment is preferable under extrusive force.
Radiographic Assessment of Root/Crown Ratio and Short Root Anomaly: A Retrospective Study in Chinese Population
Authors: Ye Yuer , Pan Yiqi , Zhang Hui , Chen Yani , Yang Guoli , Jiang Zhiwei , Wang Ying 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesResearch suggested that racial and gender differences may exist in tooth root development and the prevalence of short root anomaly (SRA). However, data on Asian and specifically Chinese populations were limited. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of SRA and the characteristics of the root‐to‐crown ratio (R/C ratio) within the Chinese population.Materials and MethodsModified Lind's criteria were used to measure the crown and root lengths in permanent dentition. A total of 27 142 teeth from 1000 subjects were evaluated using panoramic radiographs. Fisher's exact test was employed to analyse gender differences in SRA. Paired‐sample and independent‐sample t tests were used to assess the characteristics of R/C ratios.ResultsSRA was observed in 27 patients, with a prevalence of 2.7% and a tooth prevalence of 0.309%. Females had a significantly higher prevalence of SRA compared to males (p < 0.01). SRA was found exclusively in incisors (83.72%) and premolars (16.28%), with the maxillary central incisor being the most commonly affected tooth. Additionally, there were statistical differences in the R/C ratio based on gender and jaw position in the normal groups. The highest R/C ratios were observed in the mandibular second premolars, while the maxillary central incisors had the lowest ratios.ConclusionsSRA was relatively common in the Chinese population, and clinicians should be aware of its presence. It was more frequently observed in females and shows specificity in tooth position, with the maxillary central incisor being the most commonly affected tooth. Our study provides valuable insights for the early diagnosis and treatment of SRA in the Chinese population.
Odontogenic Cutaneous Sinus Tract in a 12‐Year‐Old Patient: Case Report
Authors: Kaučikaitė Indrė , Lodienė Greta , Skučaitė Neringa 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAn odontogenic cutaneous sinus tract is considered an uncommon skin lesion resulting from a dental infection. In most cases of periapical abscesses, the sinus tract emerges intraorally, but rarely may appear on the cutaneous surface. The nonspecific clinical symptoms and diverse appearance of such lesions can lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment of patients. In cases of non‐healing facial lesions, it is recommended to consider referring the patient for a comprehensive dental examination to prevent inappropriate treatment.
Nutrition Literacy, Neighborhood, and Diet
Authors: Peña Sylvia , Frenn Marilyn , Garcia Juanita , Gretebeck Randall , Singh Maharaj 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study examined the influence of nutrition literacy and neighborhood on diet quality within the Mexican‐origin population residing in the United States, addressing a gap in existing literature that lacks focus on specific Latinx subgroups.DesignThis study used a descriptive, correlational design to examine the relationships between nutrition literacy, neighborhood ranking, and diet quality.SampleA total of 130 Mexican origin participants living in the United States completed all components of this study.MeasurementsParticipants completed demographics, the Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument (NLit), Area Deprivation Index (ADI), and Diet History Questionnaire III (DHQ3).ResultsCompared to the national average of 59, participants’ average score was 63.16. When examining subgroups of diet quality, participants scored poorly compared to the national average for saturated fats, seafood, and plant proteins. Nutrition literacy was a predictor of total protein foods, seafood, and plant proteins, while the ADI was a predictor of increased refined grains score.ConclusionThe present study provides insights about the influencing factors of diet quality in this population. Given the essential role diet has in shaping health outcomes and preventing chronic illness, addressing dietary subgroups within the Latinx population is critical to accurately informing nursing interventions and patient education.
Disaster Management Experiences and Psychosocial Problems of Individuals Who Survived the Earthquake in Turkey in the Earthquake of the Century: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Ulutaşdemir Nilgün , Uzun Sevda , Kulakaç Nurşen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to examine the disaster management experiences and psychosocial problems of individuals who survived the earthquake in Turkey during the earthquake of the century.Materials and MethodsA qualitative research design, phenomenological research, was applied in this study. This qualitative study included 33 volunteer earthquake survivors. The interviews were conducted using WhatsApp. Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the data.ResultsIn the analysis of the data, five themes (perception of the earthquake concept, things to do during an earthquake, actions taken to survive under the rubble, meeting everyday chores and dealing with post‐earthquake challenges, perceptions of disaster management), and fifteensubthemes (features of the earthquake, emotions, thoughts, correct actions, incorrect actions, actions for the body, situation‐oriented actions, housing, nutrition, hygiene, sleep, security, preparation, coping, and intervention) were identified.ConclusionThe study showed that the earthquake negatively affected individuals psychosocially, but the effective spiritual coping mechanisms utilized to cope with the catastrophic event under the rubble supported the survival process. In addition, it was determined that the participants believed that religion and spirituality were important in coping with the earthquake.
Methods for 3D evaluation and quantification of gingival recessions and gingival margin changes: Advancements from conventional techniques
Authors: Gkantidis Nikolaos , Dritsas Konstantinos , Ghamri Mohammed , Halazonetis Demetrios , Sculean Anton 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn an era of increasing life expectancy and growing patient demands towards lifelong natural tooth retention, accurate assessment of gingival recessions is crucial for diagnosing periodontal diseases, planning preventive or restorative interventions, and evaluating their outcomes. The traditional two‐dimensional (2D) methods, while useful, often fall short in capturing the complex topography of gingival tissue margins and their changes over time. By examining relevant published studies, this review highlights the transition from 2D to 3D techniques, analyzing the limitations of widely used 2D approaches, while emphasizing the potential of novel 3D tools and techniques. It discusses their comparative effectiveness, accuracy, and application challenges in clinical and research settings. Advancements in three‐dimensional (3D) imaging regarding methodologies for the precise evaluation and quantification of free gingival margin changes and gingival recessions are explored and critically evaluated. The review underscores the potential for these technologies to enhance patient outcomes through more precise diagnosis and data generation. It also identifies gaps in current research and suggests directions for future investigation. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art in 3D evaluation methods for gingival recessions and gingival margin changes, offering valuable insights for clinicians and researchers.
Evaluating use of evidence in U.S. state governments: A conjoint analysis
Authors: Xu Chengxin , Cheng Yuan (Daniel) , Wang Shuping , Merrick Weston , Carter Patrick 
Published: November 2024

AbstractEvidence‐based practice (EBP) has become a global public management movement to improve constituents' lives through government decision making. However, how civil servants' decisions are influenced by scientific evidence remains unanswered. In this study, we answer two related research questions: (1) How do different elements of evidence impact civil servants' program preferences? (2) How does the rating of evidence influence their program preferences? Collaborating with major governmental and nonprofit agencies that promote the use of EBPs, we invited civil servants from three U.S. state governments to a paired conjoint experiment. Our analysis shows that: Civil servants prefer programs with evidence that is: (1) from their own states; (2) more recent; (3) shows positive effect on people from different demographic groups; and is (4) created by independent government teams and university research teams. We also find the “evidence‐based” rating drives civil servants' preferences toward evidence with higher internal validity.
Interpreting Action with Norms: Responsibility and the Twofold Nature of the Ought‐Implies‐Can Principle
Authors: Figueroa Rubio Sebastián 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article examines the application of the ought‐implies‐can principle in the legal domain, especially in the relationship between obligations and responsibility. It addresses the challenge of cases in which an agent cannot do what is required of her, and yet it seems plausible to say that she has an obligation. To deal with these cases, two parallel distinctions are made: between rules of conduct and rules of imputation, and between doings and things done. It is proposed that these distinctions show that the principle operates in two different but complementary ways: as part of prescriptive relations and as part of responsibility practices.
Examining whether method of suicide exposure and closeness to decedent relate to firearm storage practices
Authors: Albury Evan A. , Gerner Jessica L. , Jobes David A. , Tucker Raymond P. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionOne factor that can influence whether someone will engage in secure firearm storage is having a suicide exposure (SE). Daruwala et al. (2018) examined this and found that individuals with an SE, without considering perceived closeness, did not significantly differ from those who did not have an SE in their firearm storage practices. Thus, the present study aimed to replicate and extend the research of Daruwala et al. (2018) by examining if the method of suicide (by firearm or other means) and closeness of suicide decedent relate to secure firearm storage practices.Methods308 male firearm owners completed self‐report measures assessing SE, perceived closeness to decedent, and current firearm storage practices. Chi square and logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsSuicide loss exposure, regardless of method used in suicide, did not relate to firearm storage practices in this sample. We also found that there was no association between perceived closeness to the decedent who died by suicide by firearm and secure storage, without considering age.ConclusionsResults underscore the difficulty in helping male firearm owners develop personally salient reasons to increase safety with firearms. Implications for clinical care, firearm safety, and public health initiatives are explored.
Platelet storage failure—Metformin as causative agent
Authors: Dumont Larry J. , Kelly Kathleen , Nemkov Travis , Leite Caroline , Gresens Chris J. , Stanley Crystal , D'Alessandro Angelo , Vassallo Ralph R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractBackgroundPathogen reduction technology (PRT)‐treated apheresis platelets (APs) were returned without platelet swirl and with pH22°C < 6.2. The platelet donor was taking prescription levothyroxine and metformin plus over‐the‐counter medications and supplements. We hypothesized that either PRT or medication was causative.Study Design and MethodsOne AP from a double AP collection from this donor was PRT‐treated, the other unit untreated. Units were assessed over 7‐day storage with a standard panel of platelet assays and metabolomics using high resolution mass spectrometry. The dose effect of metformin on platelets over storage was evaluated in vitro using APs obtained from non‐medicated donors.ResultsThis donor's PRT‐ and non‐PRT treated paired units had pH values <6.2 by the end of day 2. Lactate generation rates in the PRT‐ and non‐PRT units were very high compared to previously reported values and approached that reported for anaerobic storage. Metabolomic analysis revealed impairments in a number of energy metabolic pathways between PRT‐ and non‐PRT platelets; however, this did not support a major causative role of PRT in the significant upregulation of lactic acid production. Metformin caused a dose‐dependent upregulation of glycolysis, resulting in pH decline.DiscussionWe conclude that metformin is the most likely cause for this donor's stored platelet pH failures. Metformin is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes and is not a donor deferral medication. Further investigation is indicated into the potential impact of metformin on platelet storage characteristics, the potential implications for medication deferral, and the need for additional screening tools in the laboratory.
Experimental Investigation on Sediment Erosion and Diffusion Characteristics During Coandă-Effect-Based Nodule Collection
Authors: Li Yuyao , Zhao Guocheng , Xiao Longfei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Small-scale experiments were designed and conducted to investigate the sediment erosion and diffusion characteristics during Coandă-effect-based polymetallic nodule collection under a viscous sediment bed. A protocol for preparing artificial sediments was devised, and 3D scanning technology coupled with turbidimetry techniques was used to quantify the impacts of collector jet velocity v and bottom clearance h on sediment erosion and diffusion. The findings reveal that an increase in v and a decrease in h leads to an increase in the level of disturbance, with a linear trend for some of the indicators, but there are also areas of insensitivity to change. Spatially, sediment particles show a clear tendency of localized aggregation, while temporally, sediment turbidity currents show a trend of short-term fluctuations and long-term stable changes. As a result, the traditional sediment plume monitoring system has been refined, culminating in the proposal of a new monitoring model that optimally balances efficiency and economy.
Metabolic pathways and gene expression changes in Amblyseius orientalis Ehara (Acari: Phytoseiidae): The role of host plant nutrients in predator-pest dynamics
Authors: Zhang Yannan , Kalmosh Fatma Sh. , Sheng Fujing , Wang Endong , Lv Jiale , Xu Xuenong 
Published: November 2024

Amblyseius orientalis Ehara (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is one local predatory mite in China that has high potential for controlling Polyphagotarsonemus latus, a globally important pest to many vegetables and crops. To further evaluate the control potential of A. orientalis on different host plants against P. latus, we selected bean, cucumber, and pepper as host plants to feed P. latus, and then to feed A. orientalis. It was found when the prey P. latus fed on cucumber leaves, development of A. orientalis was the slowest, with the lowest egg production and overall poor biological performance. When A. orientalis was fed with prey hosted on cucumber and the other two plants, there were 119 differentially expressed organic compounds. The differentially metabolites were significantly enriched in the pentose phosphate pathway and carbon metabolism pathway. Further transcriptomic analysis of A. orientalis revealed 36 differentially expressed genes. Among these genes, 20 were annotated in 17 pathways in KEGG, with significant enrichment in hippo signaling pathway-fly and polysaccharide degradation pathways detected. These results indicate that the development and reproduction of A. orientalis are significantly poorer when feeding on P. latus, leading to a marked decline in amino acids, sugars, lipids, and organic compounds in A. orientalis. Additionally, there are 36 genes with consistently different expression patterns in A. orientalis when comparing cucumbers to the other two host plants. This study is an initial attempt to unravel the biological mechanisms of how nutritional substances might affect biology of natural enemies through the food chain.
The challenges of difficult-to-treat
Acinetobacter
infections
Authors: Richards Guy A. , Perovic Olga , Brink Adrian J. 
Published: November 2024

SUMMARY

Infections due to
Acinetobacter
spp. are among the most difficult to treat. Most are resistant to standard antibiotics, and there is difficulty in distinguishing colonizers from pathogens. This mini-review examines the available antibiotics that exhibit activity against these organisms and provides guidance as to which cultures are relevant and how to treat active infections. Antibiograms describing resistance mechanisms and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) are essential to determine which agent or combination of agents should be used after confirmation of infection, utilizing clinical parameters and biomarkers such as procalcitonin. Directed therapy should be prompt as despite its reputation as a colonizer, the attributable mortality is high. However, although combination therapy is advised, no specific combination has definite evidence of superiority.
A simplified pyrazinamidase test for
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
pyrazinamide antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Authors: Chan Hsin-Hua , Wang Yu-Chen , Jou Ruwen 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACT

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is an important first-line drug for tuberculosis (TB) treatment by eradicating the persisting
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
complex (MTBC). Due to cost and technical challenges, end TB strategies are hampered by the lack of a simple and reliable culture-based PZA antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) for routine use. We initially developed a simplified chromogenic pyrazinamidase (PZase) test in the TB reference laboratory using a training set MTBC isolates with various drug-resistant profiles, and validated its performance using consecutive BACTEC MGIT 960 (MGIT)-culture-positive culture in 10 clinical laboratories. The
pncA
gene Sanger sequencing results were used as the reference, and compared to the MGIT-PZA AST. Differential diagnosis of
Mycobacterium bovis
was conducted using patented in-house real-time PCR. Of the 106 training isolates, the PZase test and MGIT-PZA AST showed 100.0% and 99.1% concordance as compared to Sanger sequencing, respectively. We found 32.1% (34/106) isolates harbored
pncA
mutations, including one isolate with silent mutation S65S. For validation, 1,793 clinical isolates were tested including 150 duplicate isolates from specimens of the same cases and 16 isolates with uncharacterized drug resistance (UDR)-associated mutations. Excluding duplicated and UDR isolates, we identified 2.6% (43/1,627) PZA-resistant isolates, including 1.3% (21/1,627)
M
.
bovis
isolates. The kappa values were 0.851–1.000. In addition, the accuracy of the PZase test conducted by 10 laboratories was 98.5%–100.0%. Our simplified PZase test demonstrated high concordance with Sanger sequencing and MGIT-PZA AST. Integrating the PZase test into routine first-line AST is effortless and represents an improvement in laboratory services for ending TB.

IMPORTANCE

We developed and validated a simple pyrazinamidase (PZase) test for pyrazinamide (PZA) antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Our results demonstrated that the PZase test had high agreement with the
pncA
gene sequencing and MGIT-PZA AST. Integrating PZase test into routine AST is effortless and represents an improvement in laboratory services for ending TB.