bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shared genetic architecture links energy metabolism, behavior and starvation resistance along a power-endurance axis
Authors: Erkosar Berra , Dupuis Cindy , Savary Loriane , Kawecki Tadeusz J 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Shared developmental, physiological, and molecular mechanisms can generate strong genetic covariances across suites of traits, constraining genetic variability, and evolvability to certain axes in multivariate trait space (“variational modules” or “syndromes”). Such trait suites will not only respond jointly to selection; they will also covary across populations that diverged from one another by genetic drift. We report evidence for such a genetically correlated trait suite that links traits related to energy metabolism along a “power-endurance” axis in Drosophila melanogaster. The “power” pole of the axis is characterized by high potential for energy generation and expenditure—high expression of glycolysis and TCA cycle genes, high abundance of mitochondria, and high spontaneous locomotor activity. The opposite “endurance” pole is characterized by high triglyceride (fat) reserves, locomotor endurance, and starvation resistance (and low values of traits associated with the “power” pole). This trait suite also aligns with the first principal component of metabolome; the “power” direction is characterized by low levels of trehalose (blood sugar) and high levels of some amino acids and their derivatives, including creatine, a compound known to facilitate energy production in muscles. Our evidence comes from six replicate “Selected” populations adapted to a nutrient-poor larval diet regime during 250 generations of experimental evolution and six “Control” populations evolved in parallel on a standard diet regime. We found that, within each of these experimental evolutionary regimes, the above traits strongly covaried along this “power-endurance” axis across replicate populations which diversified by drift, indicating a shared genetic architecture. The two evolutionary regimes also drove divergence along this axis, with Selected populations on average displaced towards the “power” direction compared to Controls. Aspects of this “power-endurance” axis resemble the “pace of life” syndrome and the “thrifty phenotype”; it may have evolved as part of a coordinated organismal response to nutritional conditions.
Parallel and convergent evolution in genes underlying seasonal migration
Authors: Zamudio-Beltrán Luz E , Bossu Christen M , Bueno-Hernández Alfredo A , Dunn Peter O , Sly Nicholas D , Rayne Christine , Anderson Eric C , Hernández-Baños Blanca E , Ruegg Kristen C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Seasonal migration has fascinated scientists and natural historians for centuries. While the genetic basis of migration has been widely studied across different taxa, there is little consensus regarding which genomic regions play a role in the ability to migrate and whether they are similar across species. Here, we examine the genetic basis of intraspecific variation within and between distinct migratory phenotypes in a songbird. We focus on the Common Yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas) as a model system because the polyphyletic origin of eastern and western clades across North America provides a strong framework for understanding the extent to which there has been parallel or convergent evolution in the genes associated with migratory behavior. First, we investigate genome-wide population genetic structure in the Common Yellowthroat in 196 individuals collected from 22 locations across breeding range. Then, to identify candidate genes involved in seasonal migration, we identify signals of putative selection in replicate comparisons between resident and migratory phenotypes within and between eastern and western clades. Overall, we find wide-spread support for parallel evolution at the genic level, particularly in genes that mediate biological timekeeping. However, we find little evidence of parallelism at the individual SNP level, supporting the idea that there are multiple genetic pathways involved in the modulation of migration.
TNFSF15 variant predicts disease progression in Chinese patients with Crohn’s disease
Authors: Zhang Qi , Wang Wei , Xiang Bingjie , Lin Dezheng , Hu Jun , Zhao Junzhang , Lin Jue , Liu Tao , Deng Jun , Zhang Min , Zhi Min 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
The genetic variant of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 (TNFSF15) is associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) and the development of intestinal fibrosis and stricturing. We aimed to investigate its predictive role in disease progression and the impact of ileal fibrosis-associated protein expression in Chinese patients with CD.

Methods
We genotyped the single nucleotide polymorphism rs6478109 within the TNFSF15 gene in 428 CD patients and 450 health controls to assess its association with CD. Genotype–phenotype correlation analyses were performed. Mucosal samples from non-diseased terminal ileum were analyzed for TL1A and fibrosis-associated protein expression using western blot and immunohistochemistry.

Results
The G allele frequency of rs6478109 was significantly higher among CD patients compared with health controls (63.3% vs. 46.7%, P &lt; 0.001). Patients with GG genotype were more predisposed to develop the stricturing phenotype, compared with those with AA + AG genotypes with a hazard ratio of 1.426 (95% confidence interval: 1.029–1.977, P = 0.033). This trend was similarly observed in patients utilizing biological agents, with a hazard ratio of 4.396 (95% confidence interval: 1.780–10.854, P = 0.001). Furthermore, increased TL1A, pro-fibrotic proteins, and TGFβ1/Smad3 pathway activation were observed in non-diseased ileal mucosa of patients with GG genotype compared with those with AA genotype.

Conclusions
The TNFSF15 risk genotype GG could promote the expression of pro-fibrotic proteins and may serve as a predictor for stricturing CD.
Myosteatosis Evaluated Based on Intramuscular Adipose Tissue Content Is a Risk Factor for Postoperative Complications in Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Kojima Tadahiro , Kurachi Kiyotaka , Tatsuta Kyota , Sugiyama Kosuke , Akai Toshiya , Torii Kakeru , Sakata Mayu , Morita Yoshifumi , Kikuchi Hirotoshi , Hiramatsu Yoshihiro , Takeuchi Hiroya 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Crohn’s disease causes acute and chronic inflammation that often make the preoperative evaluation of surgical risks difficult. Myosteatosis is used for the evaluation of muscle quality to assess sarcopenia. However, data on the relationship between myosteatosis and surgical outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease are lacking.

Methods
Among patients with Crohn’s disease who underwent surgery between 2007 and 2022, we investigated the impact of myosteatosis on postoperative complications using intramuscular adipose tissue content (IMAC). Our study included data from 97 patients who underwent analysis for cutoff values and factors associated with IMAC and 72 who underwent analysis for risk factors of postoperative complications.

Results
Body mass index (BMI; P &lt; .001) and visceral adipose tissue/height index (P &lt; .001) were significantly correlated with IMAC. High BMI (P &lt; .001) and a history of abdominal surgery for Crohn’s disease (P = .012) were identified as factors affected with high IMAC. Multivariate analysis revealed high IMAC and external fistulas as independent risk factors for postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR], 5.010; 95% CI, 1.300-19.30; P = .019 and OR, 7.850; 95% CI, 1.640-37.50; P = .010, respectively), especially infectious complications.

Conclusions
This study established IMAC as a valuable marker for sarcopenic obesity and predicting postoperative complications in patients with Crohn’s disease. Furthermore, evaluating myosteatosis using IMAC will facilitate the decision of the optimal timing of surgery, prediction of complications, and treatment of sarcopenia in patients with Crohn’s disease.
Fecal Myeloperoxidase Levels Reflect Disease Activity in Children With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Edwards Teagan S , Ho Shaun S C , Brown Stephanie C , Appleton Laura , Smith Briana R , Borichevsky Grace M , Swaminathan Akhilesh , Frampton Christopher M A , Gearry Richard B , Kettle Anthony J , Day Andrew S 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Background
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which has relapsing and remitting symptoms. Better ways to detect and monitor active disease are required for early diagnosis and optimal outcomes. We assessed fecal myeloperoxidase (fMPO), a neutrophil-derived enzyme that produces hypochlorous acid, as a marker of disease activity in children with CD.

Methods
This observational study assessed myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels in fecal samples from children aged &lt;17 years with CD (51 with active or 42 inactive disease) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared to controls (35 healthy siblings and 15 unrelated well children). Results were correlated with fecal calprotectin, serum C-reactive protein, urinary glutathione sulfonamide (a biomarker of hypochlorous acid), and disease activity scores. Differences between groups were assessed by analysis of variance. Receiver-operating-characteristic curves were used to assess how biomarkers predicted disease and disease activity.

Results
Fecal myeloperoxidase activity and fMPO protein correlated with fecal calprotectin (r = 0.78, P &lt; .0001, and r = 0.81, P &lt; .0001, respectively). Fecal myeloperoxidase activity and protein levels were significantly higher (P ≤ .0001) in individuals with active disease compared to healthy sibling controls, unrelated well children, and those with inactive disease. A 9.7 µg/g fMPO protein cutoff distinguished inactive from active disease (sensitivity = 75%, specificity = 76%). Urinary GSA was elevated in children with active disease (P &lt; .0001) and correlated with fMPO protein (r = 0.43, P = .0002) in a subset of 72 children with IBD and controls.

Conclusions
Fecal myeloperoxidase may be superior to fCal at reflecting disease severity in children with CD and produces the damaging oxidant hypochlorous acid during active inflammation.
Enhancing soot emission control and performance in biodiesel-powered diesel engine through Al2O3 nanoparticle
Authors: Kapilan Natesan , K Ashok Kumar , Buradi Abdulrajak , Bora Bhaskor Jyoti , Nirsanametla Yadaiah , Majdi Ali , Alsubih Majed , Islam Saiful , Khan Mohammad Amir , Khan Wahaj Ahmad , Alqarni Sondos Abdullah 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Interest in biodiesel as a diesel fuel substitute has increased due to the growing need for sustainable energy sources. The blends of biodiesel, such B20, have become more popular because they can lessen the need for fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. The blends of biodiesel, however, may pose problems with emissions, performance, and combustion efficiency. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of blending ethanol (C2H6OH) and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) into B20 biodiesel blend in order to improve engine performance. The study examines the effects of adding C2H6OH (5% of vol.) and Al2O3 (75 ppm) to the B20 biodiesel mix on its essential features and combustion. To fully assess the performance and emissions characteristics of the single cylinder diesel engine, experimental evaluations include a wide range of engine operating loads. The findings show that adding C2H6OH to the B20 blend increases its volatility and oxygen content, which promotes better ignition and combustion characteristics. Additionally, adding Al2O3 nanoparticles to the blend shows promise for improving combustion efficiency by enhancing fuel atomization and lowering soot emission. The synergy of adding both Al2O3 and C2H6OH to B20 significantly reduces CO, HC, and smoke levels of the diesel engine by 33.04, 28.13, and 12.88%, respectively. The results of this study offer important new information about how C2H6OH and Al2O3 additives might improve the B20 biodiesel blend's emissions performance and combustion efficiency, increasing the fuel's potential as a greener alternative for the transportation industry.
Efficient indexing method based on autoencoder for large-scale data products
Authors: Wang Qian 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Traditional indexing methods fail to meet the power industry’s needs for rapid content retrieval and collaborative management of heterogeneous data. This study proposes a learning-based hashing function using autoencoders, which compresses raw data into binary hash codes by learning data features and reconstruction. Extensive experiments demonstrate its advantages in reducing collision rates and computation time. Compared to various models, this method shows clear benefits in search and index creation times, better addressing the indexing requirements of power data and supporting intelligent processing in power systems.
Enhancing thermal efficiency of passive solar heating systems through copper chip integration: experimental investigation and analysis
Authors: Abbas Ehsan Fadhil , Allehaibi Moaz , AL-bonsrulah Hussein A Z , Saleh Ruya Najmaldeen , Alshukri Mohammed J , Zaghib Karim 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This study aims to upgrade the thermal performance of a passive solar system, specifically a Trombe wall (TW), by incorporating a metallic absorbent made of copper chips into its absorbent surfaces. The paper compares the thermal performance of a classic TW with that of a copper chip-enhanced TW. An experimental test was set up for classic and copper chip–TW systems, and a full-day experiment was conducted in January 2018 to investigate the thermal performance under the same operating conditions. The experimental data were used to verify a mathematical model based on energy balance. The theoretical study agreed well with the experimental data, with a maximum error of 11% in the absorbent surface temperature valuation. The results revealed that adding copper chips to the TW system boosts its performance by increasing heat gains and improving thermal efficiency. It improves thermal efficiency and enhances the mean room temperature by 12.44% and 14.1%, respectively.
Rural pharmacist and consumer perspectives of expanded pharmacy services to address inequity in accessing health services
Authors: Taylor Selina , Mylrea Martina , Eastaughffe Jai-ann , Dixon Rosemarie , Kent Izabella , Kappel Chloe , Glass Beverley 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Australians living in rural and remote communities have inadequate access to health services, contributing to poorer health outcomes compared to their metropolitan counterparts. This study investigated consumers’ and pharmacists’ perspectives of expanded pharmacy services in rural and remote communities in Australia. It aims to identify the role of the pharmacist in addressing the inequity of access to healthcare through the provision of expanded services in rural and remote practice.

Methods
A concurrent parallel mixed-methods study was undertaken in rural Western Queensland, Australia to include a survey of 167 consumers and in-depth interviews with 10 pharmacists. Quantitative data analysis employed descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, while qualitative data were analysed thematically against the constructs of the Diffusion of Innovations Theory.

Key findings
Consumers indicated that they would like to access weight management services (53%), whereas pharmacists thought it was important to offer respiratory clinics and services. Both pharmacists and consumers would like to see diabetes checks (30% and 56%, respectively) and vision, hearing, and ear checks (40% and 53%, respectively) implemented as services in community pharmacies. Most consumers (97%) believe pharmacists have the skills and knowledge to deliver expanded services and in doing so, they would improve the overall health of the community. Pharmacists reported staffing availability, workload and time constraints, cost, and jeopardizing inter-professional relationships as barriers to implementing expanded services.

Conclusions
Consumers were supportive of pharmacists working to their full scope of practice to provide expanded services, whereas pharmacists, while open to the idea, highlighted that there were barriers to overcome.
(Post)Colonial Complexities and World (Re)Ordering: Contestations from/within the “Margin(alized)”
Authors: Tripathi Siddharth 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe changing constellation of international politics and the rise of emerging powers and new actors especially in the Global South (considered to be at the margins of international politics) are a characteristic feature of today’s world order. These actors challenged the cosmology of dominant Northern/Western liberal discourses on agenda-setting in international politics by creating alternatives like the Non-Aligned Movement, BRICS, and G77 focusing on South–South Cooperation, Pan-Asianism, and Pan-Africanism. However, racial capitalism and neo-imperial forces and conditions continue to define the global capitalist order manifesting in the rise of populism and nationalist sentiments across the Global North and the Global South. These developments have significant implications for world order(ing) and necessitate a deeper engagement with world ordering practices, especially within the Global South, which previously developed contestations of the dominant liberal international world order. Foregrounding postcolonial complexities existing within the “margins” of international politics, I examine the strategic appropriation of marginality by the Bharatiya Janta Party led Indian government externally (highlighting North–South Divide and portraying itself as the leader of the Global South) and internally (through language and elite/non-elite discourses) to gain legitimacy at the domestic level. I further explore how it promotes a particular ethnocentric vision of the world by bringing about changes in the education policy and curriculum. The world (re)ordering that is happening inside the states in the Global South can fertilize global discourses on addressing new and often conflicting ideas on the world order and practices of world (re)ordering.
Capturing the complexity of veterinarians’ antibiotic prescribing practices in the livestock sector: a meta-ethnography across contexts
Authors: Moya Sebastián , Hibbard Rebecca , Asenjo Gabriela , Skjølstrup Nanna K , Chan Kin Wing , Eberhart Josephine , Fortané Nicolas , Paul Mathilde C 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Strategies and policies to tackle the global public health threat of antimicrobial resistance are increasingly addressing antimicrobial use prescribing practices in both the human and animal health sectors. Veterinarians’ antibiotic prescribing practices are influenced by different factors and conditioned by the context within which antibiotic prescribing decisions are made, complexifying the implementation of behaviour change interventions. A better understanding of these factors could therefore help in the design and application of such interventions. Meta-ethnography was used to explore the antibiotic prescribing behaviour of veterinarians in different contexts and to construct a new conceptual framework. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection and SciELO Citation Index between 2016 and 2024. The final sample consisted of 29 articles, 27 of which were selected from the 561 articles identified in the search and 2 of which were added by the authors. The results were synthesized and presented through four contextual situations influencing antibiotic prescribing by livestock veterinarians: priorities and pressures, uncertain field conditions, systemic challenges and an enabling environment. The results are presented as a conceptual framework that views veterinarians’ antibiotic prescribing behaviour as dynamic, adapting in response to the different contextual situations they encounter. The findings provide an integrated and contextualized understanding of veterinarians’ antibiotic prescribing behaviours, which could be implemented to facilitate the development and application of future antimicrobial stewardship interventions.
Inbox message prioritization and management approaches in primary care
Authors: Apathy Nate C , Hicks Katelyn , Bocknek Lucy , Zabala Garrett , Adams Katharine , Gomes Kylie M , Saggar Tara 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Patient messaging to clinicians has dramatically increased since the pandemic, leading to informatics efforts to categorize incoming messages. We examined how message prioritization (as distinct from categorization) occurs in primary care, and how primary care clinicians managed their inbox workflows.

Materials and Methods
Semi-structured interviews and inbox work observations with 11 primary care clinicians at MedStar Health. We analyzed interview and observation transcripts and identified themes and subthemes related to prioritization and inbox workflows.

Results
Clinicians widely reported that they did not prioritize messages due to time constraints and the necessity of attending to all messages, which made any prioritization purely additive to overall inbox time. We identified 6 themes and 14 subthemes related to managing inbox workloads. The top themes were (1) establishing workflow norms with different teams, primarily medical assistants (MAs); (2) boundary-setting with patients, other clinicians, and with themselves; and (3) message classification heuristics that allowed clinicians to mentally categorize messages that required follow-up, messages that could be quickly deleted or acknowledged, and purely informational messages that ranged in clinical utility from tedious to valuable for care coordination.

Discussion
Time constraints in primary care prevent clinicians from prioritizing their inbox messages for increased efficiency. Involvement of MAs and co-located staff was successful; however, standardization was needed for messaging workflows that involved centralized resources like call centers. Organizations should consider ways in which they can support the establishment and maintenance of boundaries, to avoid this responsibility falling entirely on clinicians.

Conclusion
Clinicians generally lack the time to prioritize patient messages. Future research should explore the efficacy of collaborative inbox workflows for time-savings and management of patient messages.
The causes of asymmetry in the chelae of the mud crab Scylla paramamosain Estampador, 1950 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae)
Authors: Zhan Tianyong , Ma Chunyan , Wang Wei , Ma Keyi , Chen Wei , Jin Xin , Ma Lingbo , Zhao Ming 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The asymmetry trait in brachyuran crabs is mostly expressed by the different sizes or particular details of the two chelae. The causes for this asymmetry have been rarely investigated in the economically important crab Scylla paramamosainEstampador, 1950. We found that the asymmetric chelae first appeared in the megalopa stage. The examination of four “right-handed” and two “left-handed” mothers and their 521 megalopa offspring indicated that this trait might not be influenced by dominant alleles, since 86.0% –99.0% of megalopae exhibited the right-handed phenotype in the four offspring of the right-handed mother, whereas about 93.1% and 100% megalopae exhibited the right-handed phenotype in the two left-handed-mothers’ offspring. The percentage of left-handed individuals at different stages also supports this hypothesis. We provide evidence that the amputation of the handed chela will result in a “handedness reversal,” and that the food type might influence the speed of the reversal. Crabs that were fed with fish blocks had a faster handedness reversal than those who were fed with commercial pellets feed, perhaps because of the increase in effort in individuals feeding on fish blocks.