bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and design of the Registry of Acute Stroke Under Novel Oral Anticoagulants-prime (RASUNOA-prime)
Authors: Haas Kirsten , Purrucker Jan C , Rizos Timolaos , Heuschmann Peter U , Veltkamp Roland 
Published: December 2018

Background Anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists and non-vitamin K antagonists oral anticoagulants (NOAC) is effective in stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, anticoagulation also poses a major challenge for emergency treatment of patients suffering ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage. Aim The registry RASUNOA-prime is designed to describe current patterns of emergency management, clinical course and outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation experiencing an acute ischaemic stroke or intracerebral haemorrhage under different anticoagulation schemes prior to stroke (NOAC, vitamin K antagonists or no anticoagulation). Methods and design RASUNOA-prime (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02533960) is a prospective, investigator-initiated, multicentre, observational cohort study aiming to recruit 3000 patients with acute ischaemic stroke and atrial fibrillation, and 1000 patients with acute intracerebral haemorrhage and atrial fibrillation with different anticoagulation schemes pre-stroke. It is a non-interventional triple-armed study aiming at a balanced inclusion of ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage patients according to the different anticoagulation schemes. Patients will be followed up for clinical course, management and outcome up to three months after the event. Findings in ischaemic stroke and intracerebral haemorrhage patients on NOAC will be compared with patients taking vitamin K antagonists or no anticoagulant pre-stroke. Study outcomes Primary endpoint for ischaemic stroke patients: occurrence of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage, for intracerebral haemorrhage patients: occurrence of secondary haematoma expansion. Secondary endpoints include assessment of coagulation, use of thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy, occurrence of complications, implementation of secondary prevention. Summary Describing the current patterns of early management as well as outcome of stroke patients with atrial fibrillation will help guide physicians to develop recommendations for emergency treatment of stroke patients under different anticoagulation schemes.
Leaching behaviour of rare earth elements from low-grade weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore using magnesium sulfate
Authors: Chen Kaihua , Pei Jiannan , Yin Shaohua , Li Shiwei , Peng Jinhui , Zhang Libo 
Published: December 2018

ABSTRACTThe present study investigates the use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) instead of (NH4)2SO4 as a lixiviant in the recovery of rare earth elements (REEs) from clays. Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of leaching conditions such as leaching time, lixiviant concentration and liquid:solid ratio on the leaching efficiency. The optimum leaching conditions, leading to 75.48% of total REE leaching efficiency, required a stirring speed of 500 rpm, a leaching time of 30 min, a lixiviant concentration of 3 wt.% and a liquid:solid ratio of 3:1. After extension of the leaching process by a second stage, the leaching efficiency may reach up to 96.19%, which is slightly higher than that obtained by (NH4)2SO4. Leaching varies from element to element, with Ce presenting the lowest leaching efficiency, and the partition in leaching solution is in agreement with that in raw ore other than for Ce. Based on these findings, MgSO4 lixiviant is an excellent alternative leaching agent for a sustainable REE industry because it reduces or eliminates NH4+–N pollution.
Κινητική ανάπτυξη μέσα από ένα διαθεματικό πρόγραμμα φυσικής αγωγής και παιδικής λογοτεχνίας στο νηπιαγωγείο
Authors: Παυλίδου Εύα , Χατζηγεωργιάδου Σοφία , Γκαλκανοπούλου Ουρανία 
Published: December 2018

Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι η αξιολόγηση της επίδρασης ενός διαθεματικού προγράμματος Φυσικής Αγωγής (ΦΑ) μέσω της παιδικής λογοτεχνίας σε παιδιά προσχολικής ηλικίας. Η προσέγγιση αυτή στοχεύει στην ανάπτυξη βασικών κινητικών δεξιοτήτων μέσα από αφήγηση επιλεγμένων λογοτεχνικών κειμένων, ως ερεθισμάτων κινητικής εξερεύνησης, έκφρασης και επικοινωνίας. Στην έρευνα έλαβαν μέρος 50 νήπια (29 αγόρια και 21 κορίτσια) χωρισμένα τυχαία σε τρεις ομάδες, μία ομάδα παρέμβασης και δύο ομάδες ελέγχου. Η ομάδα παρέμβασης περιελάμβανε 18 νήπια Μ.Ο.: 70.7 , η α’ ομάδα ελέγχου 16 νήπια Μ.Ο.:69.8 και η β’ ομάδα ελέγχου 16 νήπια Μ.Ο.:60.8. Το παρεμβατικό πρόγραμμα εφαρμόσθηκε στην ΟΠ, διήρκησε 2 μήνες με συχνότητα 2 φορές την εβδομάδα και περιελάμβανε 16 σαρανταπεντάλεπτες οργανωμένες δραστηριότητες. Η α΄ΟΕ παρακολούθησε 16 σαρανταπεντάλεπτες οργανωμένες δραστηριότητες ΦΑ, σύμφωνες με το αναλυτικό πρόγραμμα, ενώ η β’ ΟΕ δεν παρακολούθησε συγκεκριμένο πρόγραμμα, ενώ ασχολήθηκε με ελεύθερο κινητικό παιχνίδι αντίστοιχου χρόνου. Για την αξιολόγηση της κινητικής απόδοσης των παιδιών χρησιμοποιήθηκε, πριν και μετά την παρέμβαση η δέσμη Karlsruher Motorik – Screening 4 – 6 (Bös, Bappert, Tittlbach, & Woll, 2004). Η ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων ανέδειξε τη βελτίωση της ΟΠ και της α΄ ΟΕ σε τρεις από τις τέσσερις μεταβλητές και της β΄ ΟΕ σε μία, αλλά η ΟΠ υπερείχε στατιστικά σημαντικά σε δύο μεταβλητές (στο άλμα χωρίς φόρα και στη δίπλωση κορμού) συγκριτικά, τόσο με την α΄ ΟΕ, όσο και με την β΄ ΟΕ. Συμπερασματικά, η βελτίωση των κινητικών δεξιοτήτων ήταν συνολικά μεγαλύτερη στην ΠΟ σε σύγκριση με τις δύο ΟΕ και το διαθεματικό πρόγραμμα αξιολογείται θετικά.
Greek nurses' knowledge on the prevention of surgical site infection: an investigation
Authors: Balodimou Sofia A. , Papageorgiou Efstathia G. , Dokoutsidou Eleni E. , Papageorgiou Dimitris E. , Kaba Evridiki P. , Kelesi Martha N. 
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate nurses' knowledge regarding the prevention of surgical site infection (SSI), and to examine the relationship between nurses' demographic characteristics and educational level and their level of knowledge in prevention of SSIs. A further aim was to examine the differences in nurses' knowledge with respect to selected variables and to identify the most significant predictors of nurses' knowledge regarding the prevention of SSIs, to support the provision of high-quality nursing care. Method: A prospective, observational study of a convenience sample of nurses and assistant nurses working in surgical departments, in a public general hospital for adults in Attica, during May to August 2016. For data collection, an anonymous self-completion questionnaire was developed and tested for comprehension and acceptability. Results: Data was collected from 148 nurses and assistant nurses, 121 (81.8%) were female, 73.6% were aged 36–50 years and 43.9% had 11–20 years of experience. With regards to educational level, 66.2% had a degree from a technological educational institute and 10.1% had a Master's degree. Furthermore, 18.2% had a surgical specialty and 59.5% had received special training on surgical infections. The majority of respondents did not chose the correct definition of the time of occurrence of SSIs. Several statistically significant correlations were observed between knowledge on safer hair removal and respndent age (p=0.037), educational level (p=0.003), professional experience (p=0.048), and training in SSIs (p=0.009). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the majority respondents had a high level of knowledge regarding the prevention of SSIs, which contrasted with a low level of knowledge regarding their full definition of the time of occurrence.
Drug-induced lupus
Authors: Klyukvina N. G. , Gunchikova V. M. , Novikova A. M. 
Published: December 2018

Drug-induced lupus (DIL) is an autoimmune phenomenon that has similar clinical and laboratory manifestations with idiopathic systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). About 100 drugs are now known to be associated with the development of DIL. Its diagnosis is verified in the presence of a chronological relationship between the long-term administration of drugs and the mandatory presence of one clinical and one laboratory diagnostic criteria for SLE.The paper deals with the etiology, pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis of DIL. It presents a spectrum of drugs that can cause DIL and considers the features of its different forms.Based on the recent data available in the literature, the authors analyze the occurrence of autoimmune responses due to the useof biologic agents (BAs), primarily tumor necrosis factor-αinhibitors. Therapeutic approaches for DIL are discussed. Recommendations are given for screening the patients in the use of BAs. Clinical examples are provided.
Standardisation of eddy-covariance flux measurements of methane and nitrous oxide
Authors: Nemitz Eiko , Mammarella Ivan , Ibrom Andreas , Aurela Mika , Burba George G. , Dengel Sigrid , Gielen Bert , Grelle Achim , Heinesch Bernard , Herbst Mathias , Hörtnagl Lukas , Klemedtsson Leif , Lindroth Anders , Lohila Annalea , McDermitt Dayle K. , Meier Philip , Merbold Lutz , Nelson David , Nicolini Giacomo , Nilsson Mats B. , Peltola Olli , Rinne Janne , Zahniser Mark 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
Commercially available fast-response analysers for methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) have recently become more sensitive, more robust and easier to operate. This has made their application for long-term flux measurements with the eddy-covariance method more feasible. Unlike for carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapour (H2O), there have so far been no guidelines on how to optimise and standardise the measurements. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of the various steps of the measurements and discusses aspects such as instrument selection, setup and maintenance, data processing as well as the additional measurements needed to aid interpretation and gap-filling. It presents the methodological protocol for eddy covariance measurements of CH4 and N2O fluxes as agreed for the ecosystem station network of the pan-European Research Infrastructure Integrated Carbon Observation System and provides a first international standard that is suggested to be adopted more widely. Fluxes can be episodic and the processes controlling the fluxes are complex, preventing simple mechanistic gap-filling strategies. Fluxes are often near or below the detection limit, requiring additional care during data processing. The protocol sets out the best practice for these conditions to avoid biasing the results and long-term budgets. It summarises the current approach to gap-filling.
ICOS eddy covariance flux-station site setup: a review
Authors: Rebmann Corinna , Aubinet Marc , Schmid HaPe , Arriga Nicola , Aurela Mika , Burba George , Clement Robert , De Ligne Anne , Fratini Gerardo , Gielen Bert , Grace John , Graf Alexander , Gross Patrick , Haapanala Sami , Herbst Mathias , Hörtnagl Lukas , Ibrom Andreas , Joly Lilian , Kljun Natascha , Kolle Olaf , Kowalski Andrew , Lindroth Anders , Loustau Denis , Mammarella Ivan , Mauder Matthias , Merbold Lutz , Metzger Stefan , Mölder Meelis , Montagnani Leonardo , Papale Dario , Pavelka Marian , Peichl Matthias , Roland Marilyn , Serrano-Ortiz Penélope , Siebicke Lukas , Steinbrecher Rainer , Tuovinen Juha-Pekka , Vesala Timo , Wohlfahrt Georg , Franz Daniela 
Published: December 2018

Abstract
The Integrated Carbon Observation System Research Infrastructure aims to provide long-term, continuous observations of sources and sinks of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and water vapour. At ICOS ecosystem stations, the principal technique for measurements of ecosystem-atmosphere exchange of GHGs is the eddy-covariance technique. The establishment and setup of an eddy-covariance tower have to be carefully reasoned to ensure high quality flux measurements being representative of the investigated ecosystem and comparable to measurements at other stations. To fulfill the requirements needed for flux determination with the eddy-covariance technique, variations in GHG concentrations have to be measured at high frequency, simultaneously with the wind velocity, in order to fully capture turbulent fluctuations. This requires the use of high-frequency gas analysers and ultrasonic anemometers. In addition, to analyse flux data with respect to environmental conditions but also to enable corrections in the post-processing procedures, it is necessary to measure additional abiotic variables in close vicinity to the flux measurements. Here we describe the standards the ICOS ecosystem station network has adopted for GHG flux measurements with respect to the setup of instrumentation on towers to maximize measurement precision and accuracy while allowing for flexibility in order to observe specific ecosystem features.
Patterns of Dendritic Basal Field Orientation of Pyramidal Neurons in the Rat Somatosensory Cortex
Authors: Leguey Ignacio , Benavides-Piccione Ruth , Rojo Concepción , Larrañaga Pedro , Bielza Concha , DeFelipe Javier 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe study of neuronal dendritic orientation is of interest because it is related to how neurons grow dendrites to establish the synaptic input that neurons receive. The dendritic orientations of neurons in the nervous system vary, ranging from rather heterogeneously distributed (asymmetric) to homogeneously distributed (symmetric) dendritic arbors. Here, we analyze the dendritic orientation of the basal dendrites of intracellularly labeled pyramidal neurons from horizontal sections of Layers II–VI of the hindlimb somatosensory (S1HL) cortex of 14-d-old (P14) rats. We used circular statistics and proposed two new graphical descriptive representations of the neuron. We found that the dendritic pattern of most neurons was asymmetric. Furthermore, we found that there is a mixture of different types of orientations within any given group of neurons in any cortical layer. In addition, we investigated whether dendritic orientation was related to the physical location within the brain with respect to the anterior, dorsal, posterior and ventral directions. Generally, there was a preference towards the anterior orientation. A comparison between layers revealed that the preference for the anterior orientation was more pronounced in neurons located in Layers II, III, IV, and Va than for the neurons located in Layers Vb and VI. The dorsal orientation was the least preferred orientation in all layers, except for Layers IV and Va, where the ventral orientation had the lowest preference. Therefore, the orientation of basal dendritic arbors of pyramidal cells is variable and asymmetric, although a majority has a single orientation with a preference for the anterior direction in P14 rats.
Real-Time Neurofeedback to Modulate β-Band Power in the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Authors: Fukuma Ryohei , Yanagisawa Takufumi , Tanaka Masataka , Yoshida Fumiaki , Hosomi Koichi , Oshino Satoru , Tani Naoki , Kishima Haruhiko 
Published: December 2018

AbstractThe β-band oscillation in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease. Previous studies demonstrated thatl-DOPA decreases the β-band (13–30 Hz) oscillations with improvement of motor symptoms. However, it has not been elucidated whether patients with Parkinson’s disease are able to control the β-band oscillation voluntarily. Here, we hypothesized that neurofeedback training to control the β-band power in the STN induces plastic changes in the STN of individuals with Parkinson’s disease. We recorded the signals from STN deep-brain stimulation electrodes during operations to replace implantable pulse generators in eight human patients (3 male) with bilateral electrodes. Four patients were induced to decrease the β-band power during the feedback training (down-training condition), whereas the other patients were induced to increase (up-training condition). All patients were blinded to their assigned condition. Adjacent contacts that showed the highest β-band power were selected for the feedback. During the 10 min training, patients were shown a circle whose diameter was controlled by the β-band power of the selected contacts. Powers in the β-band during 5 min resting sessions recorded before and after the feedback were compared. In the down-training condition, the β-band power of the selected contacts decreased significantly after feedback in all four patients (p< 0.05). In contrast, the β-band power significantly increased after feedback in two of four patients in the up-training condition. Overall, the patients could voluntarily control the β-band power in STN in the instructed direction (p< 0.05) through neurofeedback.
Sleep Deprivation Selectively Upregulates an Amygdala–Hypothalamic Circuit Involved in Food Reward
Authors: Rihm Julia S. , Menz Mareike M. , Schultz Heidrun , Bruder Luca , Schilbach Leonhard , Schmid Sebastian M. , Peters Jan 
Published: December 2018

Sleep loss is associated with increased obesity risk, as demonstrated by correlations between sleep duration and change in body mass index or body fat percentage. Whereas previous studies linked this weight gain to disturbed endocrine parameters after sleep deprivation or restriction, neuroimaging studies revealed upregulated neural processing of food rewards after sleep loss in reward-processing areas such as the anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum, and insula. To address this ongoing debate between hormonal versus hedonic factors underlying sleep-loss-associated weight gain, we rigorously tested the association between sleep deprivation and food cue processing using high-resolution fMRI and assessment of hormones. After taking blood samples from 32 lean, healthy, human male participants, they underwent fMRI while performing a neuroeconomic, value-based decision-making task with snack food and trinket rewards following a full night of habitual sleep and a night of sleep deprivation in a repeated-measures crossover design. We found that des-acyl ghrelin concentrations were increased after sleep deprivation compared with habitual sleep. Despite similar hunger ratings due to fasting in both conditions, participants were willing to spend more money on food items only after sleep deprivation. Furthermore, fMRI data paralleled this behavioral finding, revealing a food-reward-specific upregulation of hypothalamic valuation signals and amygdala–hypothalamic coupling after a single night of sleep deprivation. Behavioral and fMRI results were not significantly correlated with changes in acyl, des-acyl, or total ghrelin concentrations. Our results suggest that increased food valuation after sleep loss might be due to hedonic rather than hormonal mechanisms.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEpidemiological studies suggest an association between overweight and reduced nocturnal sleep, but the relative contributions of hedonic and hormonal factors to overeating after sleep loss are a matter of ongoing controversy. Here, we tested the association between sleep deprivation and food cue processing in a repeated-measures crossover design using fMRI. We found that willingness to pay increased for food items only after sleep deprivation. fMRI data paralleled this behavioral finding, revealing a food-reward-specific upregulation of hypothalamic valuation signals and amygdala-hypothalamic coupling after a single night of sleep deprivation. However, there was no evidence for hormonal modulations of behavioral or fMRI findings. Our results suggest that increased food valuation after sleep loss is due to hedonic rather than hormonal mechanisms.
Microglia Promote Increased Pain Behavior through Enhanced Inflammation in the Spinal Cord during Repeated Social Defeat Stress
Authors: Sawicki Caroline M. , Kim January K. , Weber Michael D. , Faw Timothy D. , McKim Daniel B. , Madalena Kathryn M. , Lerch Jessica K. , Basso D. Michele , Humeidan Michelle L. , Godbout Jonathan P. , Sheridan John F. 
Published: December 2018

Clinical studies indicate that psychosocial stress contributes to adverse chronic pain outcomes in patients, but it is unclear how this is initiated or amplified by stress. Repeated social defeat (RSD) is a mouse model of psychosocial stress that activates microglia, increases neuroinflammatory signaling, and augments pain and anxiety-like behaviors. We hypothesized that activated microglia within the spinal cord facilitate increased pain sensitivity following RSD. Here we show that mechanical allodynia in male mice was increased with exposure to RSD. This stress-induced behavior corresponded with increased mRNA expression of several inflammatory genes, including IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, and TLR4 in the lumbar spinal cord. While there were several adhesion and chemokine-related genes increased in the lumbar spinal cord after RSD, there was no accumulation of monocytes or neutrophils. Notably, there was evidence of microglial activation selectively within the nociceptive neurocircuitry of the dorsal horn of the lumbar cord. Elimination of microglia using the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor antagonist PLX5622 from the brain and spinal cord prevented the development of mechanical allodynia in RSD-exposed mice. Microglial elimination also attenuated RSD-induced IL-1β, CCR2, and TLR4 mRNA expression in the lumbar spinal cord. Together, RSD-induced allodynia was associated with microglia-mediated inflammation within the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMounting evidence indicates that psychological stress contributes to the onset and progression of adverse nociceptive conditions. We show here that repeated social defeat stress causes increased pain sensitivity due to inflammatory signaling within the nociceptive circuits of the spinal cord. Studies here mechanistically tested the role of microglia in the development of pain by stress. Pharmacological ablation of microglia prevented stress-induced pain sensitivity. These findings demonstrate that microglia are critical mediators in the induction of pain conditions by stress. Moreover, these studies provide a proof of principle that microglia can be targeted as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate adverse pain conditions.
Colorectal cancer: evolution of screening strategies
Authors: Sur Daniel , Colceriu Marius , Sur Genel , Floca Emanuela , Dascal Loredana , Irimie Alexandru 
Published: December 2018

Background and aim. Colorectal cancer is considered to be a major public health problem. It is the third most frequent cancer at a global level and also the fourth most frequent cause of death. Previous scientific findings have proved that a significant percentage of colorectal cancer deaths are due to the abscence of screening. The aim of this review is to present the evolution of the screening strategies by using the most recommended and recent colorectal cancer screening guidelines.
Methods. A systematic literature search on the scientific databases was performed, identifying some of the most important colorectal cancer screening guidelines publications.
Results. The most recent guidelines of American Cancer Society (2018) recommend that adults aged 45 years and older with an average risk of colorectal cancer should undergo regular screening. All the guidelines have considered fecal occult blood testing (annual or biennial), fecal immunochemical test (annual), flexible sigmoidoscopy (every 5 years) and colonoscopy (every 10 years) as the most preferred screening options. However, there are discrepancies with regards to which tests should be preferred for screening.
Conclusion. Increased compliance with colorectal cancer screening recommendations has the potential to improve patients’ health and to reduce colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality rates. It is important for health care providers to have an understanding of the risk factors for colorectal cancer and various stages of disease development in order to recommend appropriate screening strategies.