bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real time monitoring and quantification of uptake carbon nanodots in eukaryotic cells
Authors: Loukanov Alexandre , Mladenova Polina , Toshev Svetlin , Karailiev Asen , Ustinovich Elena , Nakabayashi Seiichiro 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe real time monitoring and quantification of the concentration of highly fluorescent nitrogen‐doped carbon nanodots (C‐dots) in eukaryotic Tobacco bright yellow‐2 (BY‐2) plant cells was investigated by fluorescence and confocal microscopy. The quantitative measurement of their fluorescent emission intensity was possible because of the high photo‐resistance, good water solubility and the absence of fading effect of the nanoparticles, which is frequent occurred problem of the conventional organic dyes. The microscopic analysis revealed that C‐dots entered generally into the cells through endocytosis and caused negligible cytotoxicity. The multicolor cellular imaging of labeled Tobacco BY‐2 demonstrates that the cells were in good health conditions and any blinking artifacts were not observed. The quantification of fluorescence emission intensity was carried out in the intracellular regions where the relationship between the C‐dots concentration and relative emission was linear. Based on a control experiment with fluorescence liposomes with known dependence between C‐dots concentration and emission, we were able to determine the amount of accumulated nanoparticles in the inner compartments of the eukaryotic cell through subsequent digital image analysis. The reported microscopic approach may be used for accurate testing and direct examination of the drug internalization mechanisms by C‐dots as sensitive probes in single cells or tissues.
Sex bias in basic science and translational otolaryngology research
Authors: Stephenson Elizabeth D. , Farzal Zainab , Kilpatrick Lauren A. , Senior Brent A. , Zanation Adam M. 
Published: November 2018

Objectives/HypothesisRecent studies revealed sex bias in surgical research. Although many diseases exhibit sex‐based clinically relevant differences, otolaryngology research has not been evaluated for sex reporting and sex‐based analysis. We postulate that a similar bias is prevalent in otolaryngology literature.Study DesignLiterature review.MethodsArticles published from 2016 to 2017 in The Laryngoscope, Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, and JAMA Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery were reviewed. Articles with animal subjects, human subject cells, or commercial cell lines were included. Data collected included study type, cell/animal sex, and sex‐based data analysis.ResultsOne hundred forty‐four basic/translational research articles were identified. Sixty‐nine (47.9%) of those lacked sex reporting. Of 75 studies that reported sex, 22 (29.3%) included both sexes, and 11 (14.7%) analyzed data by sex. One hundred five (72.9%) used animal subjects, of which 54 (51.9%) lacked sex breakdown. Among animal studies, 48/105 included only one sex, and three articles analyzed data by sex. Fifty‐four studies used commercial cell lines (N = 23) or human/animal subject cells (N = 31). Among cell groups, 28/54 (51.9%) were of unknown sex, and seven were single sex. Eight (14.8%) studies included data analysis by sex. Domestic studies exhibited a lower rate of sex reporting in both animal and cell studies, and a lower rate of sex‐based analysis in cell studies.ConclusionsSex may influence outcomes significantly but is underreported and underanalyzed in basic/translational otolaryngology research. Because this research frequently lays the groundwork for clinical trials and standards of care, future research must address these sex‐based discrepancies.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 129:613–618, 2019
The Prevalence of Cricopharyngeal Webs in Elderly Cadavers
Authors: Mehdizadeh Omid B. , Wickwire Peter , Said Mena , Belafsky Peter C. 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveCricopharyngeal webs (CPW) are a frequent cause of solid food dysphagia. They are difficult to diagnose and are often missed on swallowing fluoroscopy. The prevalence of CPWs is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of CPWs in elderly cadavers.MethodsDirect laryngoscopy and cervical esophagoscopy were performed in 19 embalmed cadavers by independent two‐clinician consensus. Cadaver demographics and the presence and laterality of a CPW were recorded. The prevalence of CPW was calculated, and the size of the cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) was quantified.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 83 ( ± 12) years. Fifty‐three percent were female, and the mean body mass index was 19.7 ( ± 3). The causes of death were cardiovascular disease (10 of 19), cancer (5 of 19), and respiratory failure (4 of 19). A CPW was present in 68% (13 of 19) of cadavers. Forty‐seven percent (9 of 19) had a unilateral web, and 21% (4 of 19) had a bilateral web. There was no laterality predominance (P > 0.05). Forty‐two percent (8 of 19) had no CPM prominence; 32% (6 of 19) had a small/moderate CPM prominence; and 26% (5 of 19) had a significant CPM prominence.ConclusionThe prevalence of cricopharyngeal webs in elderly cadavers is high (68%). The clinician should maintain a high index of suspicion for CPWs in patients with no other identifiable etiology of solid food dysphagia.Level of Evidence3b Laryngoscope, 129:63–66, 2019
Evaluation of early oral cavity cancer treatment quality at a single institution
Authors: Chang Steven , Sanii Ryan , Chaudhary Hamad , Lewis Carol , Seidman Michael , Yaremchuk Kathleen 
Published: November 2018

ObjectiveTo evaluate the adherence to oral cavity quality guidelines endorsed by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) at a large tertiary care hospital.MethodsThis retrospective study identified patients treated for early‐stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma at a tertiary care hospital from 1992 to 2013. Patient charts were reviewed for 26 process quality measures and four key indicator process quality measures as endorsed by the AHNS. Patients were then grouped by diagnosis date either before (historical group, 1992–2007) or after (current treatment group, 2008–2013) the published process quality measures from the AHNS. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the rates of adherence for each process quality measure within the 2 groups.ResultsOf the 57 patients identified, 29 were female (51%). The mean age was 62.3 years. A majority of the oral cavity cancers were stage I (59.6%), followed by stage II (35.1%) and stage III (5.3%). Compliance with the process quality measures was in the acceptable range in both cohorts. However, several areas demonstrated lower adherence in both cohorts. Statistically significant improvements were noted between the two cohorts, which showed a measurable improvement in adherence to process quality measures in several key areas over time.ConclusionUsing the process quality measures proposed by the AHNS, adherence to the process quality measures for early‐stage oral cavity cancer care at a tertiary care center was successfully evaluated. In general, good compliance with the proposed process quality measures was found and several areas for improvement were identified.Level of Evidence2cLaryngoscope, 129:1816–1821, 2019
Monodisperse Sequence‐Controlled α‐l‐Fucosylated Glycooligomers and Their Multivalent Inhibitory Effects on LecB
Authors: Bücher Katharina Susanne , Babic Nikolina , Freichel Tanja , Kovacic Filip , Hartmann Laura 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe opportunistic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, often exhibiting multiresistance against conventional antibiotics, expresses the lectin LecB that is suspected to be an important factor during biofilm formation via interactions with cell‐surface presented carbohydrate ligands such as the blood group antigens. Therefore, carbohydrate‐based ligands interfering with LecB binding have the potential to lead to new anti‐biofilm and anti‐adhesion therapies. This study explores in vitro binding potencies of glycomimetic ligands containing up to six α‐l‐fucose ligands on a monodisperse, sequence‐controlled oligoamide scaffold interacting with LecB. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and a modified enzyme‐linked lectin assay (mELLA) revealed an increasing affinity to LecB with increasing fucose valency. Furthermore, fucosylated glycooligomers were shown to inhibit the formation of P. aeruginosa biofilm up to 20%. Overall these results show the potential of fucosylated oligoamides to be further developed as inhibitors of LecB binding and biofilm formation.
A compact monopole antenna for ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Saha Tonmoy K. , Goodbody Carlene , Karacolak Tutku , Sekhar Praveen K. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractIn this paper, a slotted circular ultra‐wideband (UWB) microstrip patch antenna is reported. The antenna is designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested experimentally. The antenna operates over a 4.0‐40 GHz (164% fractional bandwidth) range with a return loss of 10 dB and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 2. The designed monopole antenna is of dimensions 28.1 mm × 17.1 mm with an electrical size of 0.37 λ × 0.23 λ at 4 GHz frequency. The antenna is fabricated on FR‐4 substrate with a dielectric permittivity of 4.4, loss tangent of 0.02, and a thickness of 1.4 mm. The designed antenna exhibits nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns over the entire impedance bandwidth with more than 2.8 dB peak gain for the entire frequency range and 75% of average radiation efficiency. The presented antenna can be used in UWB communications along with C‐band, X‐band, Ku‐band, K‐band, Ka‐band, WLAN, and future wireless applications.
Management of neurogenic bladder in patients with Parkinson's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Hajebrahimi Sakineh , Chapple Christopher R. , Pashazadeh Fariba , Salehi‐Pourmehr Hanieh 
Published: November 2018

AimsTo assess the different treatment methods in management of neurogenic bladder (NGB) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsA systematic search was performed in Cochrane library, EMBASE, Proquest, Clinicaltrial.gov, WHO, Google Scholar, MEDLINE via PubMed, Ovid, ongoing trials registers, and conference proceedings in November 11, 2017. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi‐RCTs comparing any treatment method for management of NGB in patients with PD were included. The titles and abstracts of all identified studies were evaluated independently by two investigators. Once all of the potential related articles were retrieved, each author separately evaluated the full text of each article and the quality of the methodology of the selected studies using the Cochrane appraisal risk of bias checklist and then the data about the patient's outcomes was extracted. We registered the title in Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) that is available in http://joannabriggs.org/research/registered_titles.aspx.ResultsWe included 41 RCTs or quasi‐RCTs or three observational study with a total of 1063 patients that evaluated pharmacological, neurosurgical, botulinum toxin, electrical neuromodulation, and behavioral therapy effects on NGB. Among the included studies only solifenacin succinate double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study was assessed as low risk of bias, and treatment led to an improvement in urinary incontinence.ConclusionsAlthough several interventions are available for treatment NGB in patients with PD, at present there is little or no evidence that treatment improves patient outcomes in this population. Additional large, well designed, randomized studies with improved methodology and reporting focused on patient‐centered outcomes are needed.
Comprehensive electrical loss analysis of monolithic interconnected multi‐segment laser power converters
Authors: Kimovec Rok , Helmers Henning , Bett Andreas W. , Topič Marko 
Published: November 2018

AbstractA method for distributed electrical modeling of complete photovoltaic monolithic interconnected modules (MIMs) with complex geometrical and electrical features is developed and applied to study electrical power losses of a six‐segment GaAs‐based MIM laser power converter (LPC). The model considers spatial dependence of resistive and recombination losses of all epitaxial layers and explicitly takes into account perimeter recombination and the photo‐induced leakage current through the semi‐insulating GaAs substrate. The investigated specimen was fully parametrized to obtain the model's input parameters which were verified by a comparison of a variety of simulated and measured specimen's electrical characteristics. Based on simulations, we show that distributed series resistance effects, mainly caused by Joule heating in the lateral conduction layer (LCL), limit the efficiency of MIM LPCs under a high irradiance illumination, whereas for a low irradiance illumination perimeter recombination is identified as the limiting factor. Additionally, photo‐induced conductivity leads to a reciprocal relationship between irradiance and substrate resistivity, which results in a parasitic shunting between segments and reduces the device efficiency. We present mitigation strategies for the outlined major loss mechanisms and propose a thin‐film cell employing a metal back mirror that exploits photon recycling and mitigates LCL losses. With such MIM LPC design, conversion efficiencies above 60% can be reached for a broad irradiance range.
Impact of a behavior change program and health education on social interactions in survivors of head and neck cancer: Randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Shu‐Ching , Huang Bing‐Shen , Hung Tsung‐Min , Lin Chien‐Yu , Chang Ya‐Lan 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study of survivors of head and neck cancer was to evaluate the effects of a behavior change program and health education on depression, fear of social interactions, avoidance of social interactions, physical function, and social‐emotional function.MethodsThis was a randomized controlled trial of 100 subjects, in which changes in the scores of several psychometric scales were recorded for an experimental group (behavior change program and health education) and a control group (routine care only). Assessments were performed at baseline (T0), and at 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), and 3 months (T3) after completing the intervention.ResultsAfter the intervention, the experimental group reported significantly less fear of social interactions, less avoidance of social interactions, and better physical function than the control group. The experimental group also had less depression at T3 than at T0, although there was no such change in the control group. Analysis of physical function indicated that both groups experienced improvements from T0 to T1, slight declines from T1 to T2, and slight declines from T2 to T3; however, both groups had significantly better physical function at T3 than at T0.ConclusionsHead and neck cancer patients who received a behavior change program and health education reported less fear of social interactions, less avoidance of social interactions, and improved physical function during the 3 months after this intervention.
Early rehabilitation of cancer patients—An individual randomized stepped‐care stress‐management intervention
Authors: Arving Cecilia , Assmus Jörg , Thormodsen Inger , Berntsen Sveinung , Nordin Karin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of an individual stepped‐care stress‐management intervention for cancer patients on cancer‐related stress reactions (intrusion/avoidance), and secondarily on psychological distress (anxiety/depression) and emotional reactivity (impatience/hostility).MethodsConsecutively 291 cancer patients were included in a randomized controlled intervention study. Patients randomized to the intervention who did not report clinically significant stress levels (n = 72) after the first counseling session participated in only one counseling session and a follow‐up (Step 1). The remaining patients (n = 66) received an additional three to eight sessions, depending on individual needs (Step 2). The intervention used techniques derived from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) such as daily registration of events and behaviors as well as scheduled behavioral and physical activity, along with short relaxation exercises. The intervention was completed within 26 weeks of inclusion. The Impact of Event Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Everyday Life Stress Scale were used to evaluate effects for 2 years.ResultsThe linear mixed effects model analysis showed a difference between the randomization groups in favor of the intervention for avoidance and intrusion after the first 6 weeks (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003) and for emotional reactivity after 17 weeks (P = 0.007). There were no differences in psychological distress. Decreases in cancer‐related stress reactions and depression were noted for the Step 2 intervention.ConclusionsAn individual stepped‐care stress‐management intervention for cancer patients, performed by specially educated health professionals using techniques derived from CBT, seems beneficial for cancer patients and may therefore be a realistic complement to routine cancer care.
An Aromatic Diamine Molecule as the A‐Site Solute for Highly Durable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Hwang Taehyun , Lee Byungho , Lee Sangheon , Park Kimin , Park Helen Hejin , Park Byungwoo 
Published: November 2018

AbstractStudies of organometallic perovskite solar cells have remarkably progressed within several years, but there still remain concerns of poor stability and insufficient power conversion efficiency (PCE). To overcome these limitations, modification of the perovskite material should be addressed. Herein, imidazole (C3H4N2) is demonstrated as an A‐site solute for the conventional methyl‐ammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3). As an aromatic hydrocarbon and diamine species with a small ionic radius, imidazole is appropriately alloyed and the bond interactions within the ABX3 lattice are increased. Also, the nature of delocalized π bonding and the unique structure of imidazole allow the formation of an unprecedented kind of hybrid perovskite exhibiting favorable band alignment and optical propertie with high electrical conductivity. Optimal content of imidazole incorporated into CH3NH3PbI3 with architectural optimization of the device leads to improved PCEs approaching 20.2% (reverse) with small hysteresis (forward PCE = 19.0%). Furthermore, properly alloyed imidazole into the A‐site of CH3NH3PbI3 leads to extra stability against air, light, and heat. Lastly, devices with a large active area of 2 cm2 exhibit PCEs as high as 16.8%, further addressing the effect of imidazole on the formation of high quality nanostructured perovskite and devices.
A 19th Century Baseline Temperature Estimate for Peninsular India from Combined Analysis of Geothermal and Meteorological Records
Authors: Akkiraju Vyasulu V. , Roy Sukanta , Tiwari V. M. , Shalivahan  
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
Direct information about climate change from meteorological surface air temperature records are available in India only since 1901 A.D. Meteorological surface air temperature (SAT) data for the period 1901-2006 from 49 sites in peninsular India have been combined with the geothermal data from 146 sites to extract a baseline (or pre-observational mean, POM) surface temperature prior to the existence of the observational record in the region. Periodicities of 5, 11 and 22 years in the SAT time series have little influence on the combined analysis to infer long-term climate change. The best estimate of the long-term average temperature for the 19th Century is 0.7 °C lower than the 1961-1990 mean temperature. Considering the additional warming of 0.38 °C relative to the 1961-1990 mean over a 10-year window centred on the year 2000, the hybrid POM-SAT method suggests that the total surface warming in peninsular India from mid-1800s to early-2000s is about 1.1 °C. The study provides new evidence for significant warming prior to the establishment of widespread meteorological stations in peninsular India.
Impact of Rainfall Variability on River Hydrology: A Case Study of Southern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Sreelash K. , Sharma Rajat Kumar , Gayathri J. A. , Upendra B. , Maya K. , Padmalal D. 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
The Western Ghats plays a pivotal role in determining the hydrological and hydroclimatic regime of Peninsular India. The mountainous catchments of the Ghats are the primary contributors of flow in the rivers that sustains the life and agricultural productivity in the area. Although many studies have been conducted in the past decades to understand long term trends in the meteorological and hydrological variables of major river basins, not much attention have been made to unfold the relationship existing among rainfall and river hydrology of natural drainages on either side of the Western Ghats which host one of the unique biodiversity hotspots across the world. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this paper to examine the short term (last three decades) changes in the rainfall pattern and its influence on the hydrological characteristics of some of the important rivers draining the southern Western Ghats as a case study. The short term, annual and seasonal trends in the rainfall, and its variability and discharge were analyzed using Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s estimator of slope. The study showed a decreasing trend in rainfall in the southwest monsoon while a reverse trend is noticed in northeast monsoon. Correspondingly, the discharge of the west and east flowing rivers also showed a declining trend in the southwest monsoon season. The runoff coefficient also followed the trends in the discharge. The runoff coefficient of the Periyar river showed a decreasing trend, whereas the Cauvery river exhibited an increasing trend. A high-resolution analysis of rainfall data revealed that the number of moderate rainfall events showed a decreasing trend throughout the southern Western Ghats, whereas the high intensity rainfall events showed an opposite trend. The decline in groundwater level in the areas which recorded an increase in high intensity rainfall events and decrease in moderate rainfall events showed that the groundwater recharge process is significantly affected by changes in the rainfall pattern of the area.