bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Constitutional Court’s Role in Consolidating Democracy and Reforming Local Election
Authors: Satriawan Iwan , Mokhtar Khairil Azmin 
Published: July 2018

Within the same group as the USA and India Indonesia is one of the largest democracies in the world. After experiencing authoritarian rule for a few decades since its independence the country finally at the beginning of the twenty first century managed to chart along its new direction along democratic course and values. More than a decade has passed since the democratic transition begun yet the country still faces various constitutional dilemmas and enigmas. One of organs of the government which has been entrusted to transform the country into a democratic nation is the Constitutional Court. The objective of this paper is to provide critical analyses of the role of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia in the process of consolidating local democracy. The scope of analysis is confined to a number of important cases heard by the court on local election disputes from the year 2008 to 2013. The rationale to focus on local election is because local government provides the second layer of government for this unitary country making the governance more democratic and more in touch with local population. The result of the study is the Constitutional Court through its decisions has created conducive political situation and has provided significant contributions in the process of consolidating local democracy. In spite of limited number of judges and short period of settlement to disputes brought before it the Court have settled all disputes regarding local elections without much delay and complaint. Nevertheless there are some areas that need to be addressed by the court to enhance its efficiency and effectiveness. A few factors have been identified to be the cause of the problems namely problem of design of structure of the Court, extension of the scope of authority, period of settlement, over-dosis of authority and the breach of code of ethics of the judges.Thus it is recommended that in order to perpetuate the excellent achievements of the court the institution need to be strengthened by addressing the problems.
Is The Constitutional And Legal Recognition Of Traditional Community Laws Within The Multicultural Country Of Indonesia A Genuine Or Pseudo Recognition?
Authors: Nurjaya I Nyoman 
Published: July 2018

Indonesia is well known amongst Southeast Asian countries for it multi- cultural identity in terms of ethnicity, religion, race and social stratification. Indonesia embodies its motto of Unity in Diversity, which refers to the culturally rich configuration of Indonesia, containing cultural capital and cultural power. However, cultural diversity also yields conflict due to inter-ethnic and inter- religious disputes that have the potential to generate social disintegration and even threaten the fragmentation of Indonesia as a Nation State. In the eyes of legal anthropologists, sources of conflict are often based on discriminatory policies expressed within the State’s law and legislation with regard to the recognition and protection of local communities across the country, namely ‘adat’ communities practising traditional, customary law, known as ‘adat’. Thus, State laws enacted and enforced by the Government tend to dominate and marginalise, even ignore the rights of the local communities, particularly regarding access to and control over natural resources, which is otherwise governed by the adat law of the region. This paper attempts to offer an answer to the fundamental question of whether the 1945 Constitution recognises and protects the traditional communities and their adat laws by employing a legal anthropological approach, with the purpose of obtaining a better understanding of development of State law in a multicultural Nation and looking towards a more just and equitable Indonesian State law.
The Decentralization Of Political Parties Through The Institutionalization Of The Local Political Parties
Authors: Karsayuda Muhammad Rifqinizamy 
Published: July 2018

The implementation of regional autonomy through Acts Number 23/2014 on Regional Government formulates the authority that can be maintained by local governments. One of the authorities’ is the political autonomy. The efforts to implement the political autonomy can be done through the institutionalization of local political parties. However, according to Indonesian Law, the institutionalization of local political parties is not regulated in the provisions of acts related to political parties. The legislation that regulates local political parties can be found only in Acts Number 11/2006 on Aceh Government and Acts Number 21/2001 on Special Autonomy for Papua Province. Therefore, this paper analyzes the theoretical, juridical and sociological reasons underpinned the idea of local political parties’ institutionalization. This research is a normative legal research which uses legal matter and acts to analyse the problems. This research finds strategies that is relevant to make local political parties institutionalized. There are five reasons to deliver local political parties in Indonesia based from this research. First, the theoretical foundation describes Indonesia as a country with federalism autonomy. Second, the constitutional juridical basis consists of two principles of the Constitution, namely the principle of the autonomy of the unitary state and the principle of equality and freedom of every citizen in governing. Third, The platform of sociological based on the fact that the choice of pluralistic Indonesian society is still diverse in many elections. Fourth, the historical background in the form of historical experience that in 1955 General Election and Local Election, there were several local political parties. Fifth, the comparative study in United Kingdom as a unitary state and Malaysia as a Federal State, which both have local political parties. The concept of local political parties that are relevant to be applied in Indonesia in the constitutional juridical perspective related to the decentralization of political parties can be built through four strategies. First, the local political party whose presence was based on pluralist paradigm which provides the idea that in a pluralistic society should be built a decentralized party system in order to sustain the plurality of society. Second, the local political party which drafted is a separate legal entity which is dichotomous from the national political parties as a legal entity. Third, local political party’s participation in elections only to the General Election and Local Elections for Legislative Elections candidates, the Provincial Representatives, Regency / City. Fourth, the formation mechanism, supervision and dissolution of local political parties are designed similar to national political process for parties as applicable today.
Spatially selective responses to Kanizsa and occlusion stimuli in human visual cortex
Authors: de Haas Benjamin , Schwarzkopf D. Samuel 
Published: July 2018

Early visual cortex responds to illusory contours in which abutting lines or collinear edges imply the presence of an occluding surface, as well as to occluded parts of an object. Here we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and population receptive field (pRF) analysis to map retinotopic responses in early visual cortex using bar stimuli defined by illusory contours, occluded parts of a bar, or subtle luminance contrast. All conditions produced retinotopic responses in early visual field maps even though signal-to-noise ratios were very low. We found that signal-to-noise ratios and coherence with independent high-contrast mapping data increased from V1 to V2 to V3. Moreover, we found no differences of signal-to-noise ratios or pRF sizes between the low-contrast luminance and illusion conditions. We propose that all three conditions mapped spatial attention to the bar location rather than activations specifically related to illusory contours or occlusion.
Energy and resource recovery from Tetra Pak waste using hydrothermal treatment
Authors: Lokahita Baskoro , Takahashi Fumitake , Yoshikawa Kunio 
Published: July 2018

In this study, Tetra Brik from Tetra Pak Company was used to produce solid fuel. Tetra Brik consists of paper, LDPE, and Aluminum arranged in 6 different layers. Aluminum should be recovered to obtain high-quality solid fuel. Hydrothermal treatment was used to separate aluminum from the solid fuel. Temperature and time were controlled and observed to get the best result. The temperature was varied between 200 °C and 240 °C, while time was ranged from 0 and 60 minutes. The result showed that composite of aluminum and LDPE was formed in the process, and full separation occurred in the experiment other than 200 °C in 0 minutes. Ultimate and Proximate analysis were done to understand solid fuel characteristic. As the temperature and time got higher, the calorific value also increase.
Music perception: No strong evidence to reject innate biases
Authors: Savage Patrick E. , Currie Thomas E. 
Published: July 2018

McDermott et al. (Nature 535, 547–550; 2016) used a cross-cultural experiment to show that an isolated South American indigenous group, the Tsimane', exhibit indifference to musical dissonance. The study acts as an important counterweight to common beliefs that musical preferences reflect universal, mathematically based harmonic relationships that are biologically determined by low-level perceptual mechanisms. While we applaud their cross-cultural approach, the limited number of populations studied (n=5) makes it difficult to draw strong conclusions about causal processes. In particular, the conclusion that consonance is thus "unlikely to reflect innate biases" seems too strong, as innateness does not require complete universality. Exceptions are always found in any phenomenon as complex as human music. Indeed, our own global analysis of traditional music found dozens of aspects of music that were common cross-culturally, but none that were absolutely universal without exception (Savage et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, 8987-8992; 2015). We showed a consistent tendency to avoid dissonance, yet we still found many examples of sustained dissonance in Western and non-Western music (e.g., Eastern European harvest songs, Papua New Guinean lullabies).Such trends and exceptions are not necessarily indicative of the degree of innateness of aspects of music (which, like other domains of culture, likely reflects some combination of nature and nurture). For example, humans and other animals display an innate aversion to bitter and sour foods, but these can be overridden by cultural conventions and developmental experience (Chandrashekar et al. Nature 444, 288-293; 2006). Diversity in musical perception and production could emerge in the context of weak cognitive biases or relaxation in selective pressures (such as the unusual absence of group performance among the Tsimane'). Broader cross-cultural studies of both perception and production of music and other aspects of human behavior (including cultural evolutionary and developmental frameworks) will be needed to clarify the roles of nature and nurture in shaping human diversity.
Secular but not Superficial: An Overlooked Nonreligious/Nonspiritual Identity
Authors: Delaney Daniel G. 
Published: July 2018

Since Durkheim’s characterization of the sacred and profane as “antagonistic rivals,” the strict dichotomy has been framed in such a way that “being religious” evokes images of a life filled with profound meaning and value, while “being secular” evokes images of a meaningless, self-centered, superficial life, often characterized by materialistic consumerism and the cold, heartless environment of corporate greed. Consequently, to identify as “neither religious nor spiritual” runs the risk of being stigmatized as superficial, untrustworthy, and immoral. Conflicts and confusions encountered in the process of negotiating a nonreligious/nonspiritual identity, caused by the ambiguous nature of religious language, were explored through qualitative interviews with 14 ex-ministers and 1 atheist minister—individuals for whom supernaturalist religion had formed the central core of identity, but who have deconverted and no longer hold supernatural beliefs. The cognitive linguistics approach of Frame Semantics was applied to the process of “oppositional identity work” to examine why certain identity labels are avoided or embraced due to considerations of the cognitive frames evoked by those labels.Through the constant comparative method of grounded theory, a host of useful theoretical concepts emerged from the data. Several impediments to the construction of a “secular but not superficial” identity were identified, and a framework of new theoretical concepts developed to make sense of them: sense disparity, frame disparity, identity misfire, foiled identity, sense conflation, and conflated frames. Several consequences arising from these impediments were explored: (1) consequences of sense conflation and conflated frames for the study of religion; (2) consequences of conflated frames for religious terminology; and (3) consequences of the negation of conflated frames for those who identify as not religious, not spiritual, or not Christian. Additionally, four types of oppositional identity work were identified and analyzed: (1) avoidance identity work, (2) dissonant identity work, (3) adaptive identity work, and (4) alternative identity work. Finally, the concept of conflated frames was applied to suggest a new interpretation of the classic Weberian disenchantment narrative.
Korelasi Keterampilan Argumentasi dan Hasil Belajar Siska SMA Kristen Satya Wacana pada Materi Genetika dengan Model ABSI
Authors: Angeline Vinsensia , Situmorang Risya Pramana , Sastrodihardjo Santoso 
Published: July 2018

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi keterampilan argumentasi siswa dan hasil belajar siswa SMA Kristen Satya Wacana pada materi genetika melalui implementasi model Argument Based Science Inquiry (ABSI). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XII MIA 1 dan XII MIA 2 SMA Kristen Satya Wacana tahun ajaran 2017-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, angket, dan tes tertulis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan model ABSI yang dilaksanakan pada materi genetika dapat meningkatkan keterampilan argumentasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Hasil rata-rata belajar pada implementasi model ABSI ialah 37.86, sementara pada model konvensional 39.14. Keterlaksanaan model ABSI untuk meningkatkan keterampilan argumentasi siswa memiliki selisih 0.121. jadi, dapat disimpukan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara keterampilan argumentasi dengan hasil belajar siswa sebesar 0.235 yang artinya memiliki korelasi rendah.
Kata kunci: ABSI, Keterampilan Argumentasi, Hasil Belajar, Genetika
THE CORRELATION OF ARGUMENTATION SKILL AND LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS OF SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENT ON GENETIC TOPIC WITH ABSI MODELAbstract
This study aims to determine the correlation of argumentation skills and learning achievements of Satya Wacana Christian Senior High School student on the genetic topic through the implementation of Argument Based Science Inquiry (ABSI) model. The type of research is quantitative research. The subjects of the study were the students of class XII MIA 1 and XII MIA 2 of Satya Wacana Christian Senior High School for the academic year 2017-2018. This research used 3 types of data collection techniques: observation, questionnaire and written test. The results indicated that learning with ABSI model on the genetic topic can improve students argumentation and learning achievement. The average of learning achievement on the ABSI model implementation is 37.86 while the conventional model 39.14. The implementation of ABSI model to improve students' argumentation skills has a difference 0.121 point. So that, there is a correlation between argumentation skills and student learning achievements at 0.235point which mean there is a low correlation.Keywords: ABSI, Argumentation Skills, Learning outcomes, Genetic
Rancang Bangun Sistem Elektronik Manajemen Pengembalian Uang Pelanggan Pada Retail Terintegrasi
Authors: Prami Swari Made Hanindia , . Welda 
Published: July 2018

Proses pengembalian uang kepada pelanggan bagi para pengusaha ritel di Indonesia memiliki permasalahan tertentu Salah satu masalah yang terjadi adalah seringkali peritel mengganti kembalian uang nasabah menggunakan permen atau menganggap uang kembalian tersebut sebagai sumbangan yang terkadang tidak dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Sebenarnya hal ini bukan hanya kesalahan dari peritel, peritel mengalami kesulitan dalam memperoleh uang dengan nominal kecil. Masalah-masalah ini sebenarnya bisa diatasi dengan membangun sistem manajemen pada pengembalian dana pelanggan pada ritel yang terintegrasi. Pelanggan dapat menyimpan sisa pembelian mereka pada saldo kartu, dimana pelanggan dapat membelanjakan sisa uang kembalian yang dimilikinya dalam kartu saldo tersebut pada seluruh ritel yang telah terintegrasi dengan sistem.
Isolation of phytoconstituents and evaluation of biological potentials of Berberis hispanica from Algeria
Authors: Lemoui Redouane , Benyahia Samira , Noman Labib , Bencherchar Ilham , Oke-Altuntas Feyza , Rebbas Khellaf , Benayache Samir , Benayache Fadila , Demirtas Ibrahim 
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study was to isolate the phytoconstituents and evaluate the biological activities of Berberis hispanica. Three phenolic compounds (tamarixetin, caffeic acid and rutin) were isolated from B. hispanica. The structures of the pure compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric analyses, including 1D-, 2D-NMR, and HPLC-TOF/MS. In addition, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant and anti-proliferative effects of the extracts, some fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated. The extracts of B. hispanica were evaluated against six bacterial strains and exhibited the highest activity against Klebsiella pneumonia (15 mm at 100 mg/mL). Fraction T36 (IC50<5 μg/mL) from the n-butanol extract displayed higher radical scavenging activity than butylated hydroxytoluene. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects against human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cell line by real time cell analyzer assay and tamarixetin exhibited the remarkable effect (IC50<50 μg/mL) on HeLa cells. This study supports the documented medicinal effects of B. hispanica.
Video Clip of Methodology:
Antiproliferative Assay: 4 min 31 sec Click to watch
Lycorine inhibits MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion that are associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Authors: Chen Xia-Liang 
Published: July 2018

This study was aimed to determine the effects of lycorine, a toxic crystalline alkaloid, on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells proliferation, migration and invasion, and to investigate the mechanism involved. The cells were cultured with different concentrations of lycorine in vitro. MTT assays were performed to determine the proliferation of cells. Transwell assays were performed to measure the migration and invasion of cells. The activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and expression were assayed by Western blot. This study showed that proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells could be inhibited by lycorine. Furthermore, we found that Wnt/β-catenin signaling was markedly blocked in MDA-MB-321 cells treated with lycorine. In conclusion, lycorine inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells that is associated with the suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Video Clip of Methodology:
5 min 39 sec: Click to watch
The Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA Survey: The ALFALFA Extragalactic H i Source Catalog
Authors: Haynes Martha P. , Giovanelli Riccardo , Kent Brian R. , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Balonek Thomas J. , Craig David W. , Fertig Derek , Finn Rose , Giovanardi Carlo , Hallenbeck Gregory , Hess Kelley M. , Hoffman G. Lyle , Huang Shan , Jones Michael G. , Koopmann Rebecca A. , Kornreich David A. , Leisman Lukas , Miller Jeffrey , Moorman Crystal , O’Connor Jessica , O’Donoghue Aileen , Papastergis Emmanouil , Troischt Parker , Stark David , Xiao Li 
Published: July 2018

Abstract
We present the catalog of ∼31,500 extragalactic H i line sources detected by the completed Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) survey out to z < 0.06, including both high signal-to-noise ratio (>6.5) detections and ones of lower quality that coincide in both position and recessional velocity with galaxies of known redshift. We review the observing technique, data reduction pipeline, and catalog construction process, focusing on details of particular relevance to understanding the catalog’s compiled parameters. We further describe and make available the digital H i line spectra associated with the cataloged sources. In addition to the extragalactic H i line detections, we report nine confirmed OH megamasers (OHMs) and 10 OHM candidates at 0.16 < z < 0.22 whose OH line signals are redshifted into the ALFALFA frequency band. Because of complexities in data collection and processing associated with the use of a feed-horn array on a complex single-dish antenna in the terrestrial radio frequency interference environment, we also present a list of suggestions and caveats for consideration by users of the ALFALFA extragalactic catalog for future scientific investigations.
The use of biodiversity data in spatial planning and impact assessment in Europe
Authors: Underwood Evelyn , Taylor Katie , Tucker Graham 
Published: July 2018

This review identifies successful approaches to collating and using biodiversity data in spatial planning and impact assessment, the barriers to obtaining and using existing data sources, and the key data gaps that hinder effective implementation. The analysis is a contribution to the EU BON project funded by the European Commission FP7 research programme, which aimed to identify and pilot new approaches to overcome gaps in biodiversity data in conservation policy at European and national levels.The consideration of biodiversity in impact assessments and spatial planning requires spatially explicit biodiversity data of various types. Where spatial plans take account of biodiversity, there are opportunities through Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of development plans and Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of individual development proposals to ensure that consented activities are consistent with no net loss of biodiversity or even a net gain, and help to maintain or develop coherent ecological networks. However, biodiversity components of SEAs and EIAs have often been found to be of insufficient quality due to the lack of data or the inadequate use of existing data.Key obstacles to providing access to biodiversity data include the need for data standardisation and data quality governance and systems, licensing approaches to increase data access, and lack of resources to target gaps in data coverage and to develop and advertise policy-relevant data products. Existing data platforms differ in the degree to which they successfully provide a service to spatial planners and impact assessment practitioners. Some local governments, for example Somerset County Council in the UK and the Bremen federal state in Germany, have invested in integrated data collection and management systems that now provide intensively used tools for spatial planning and impact assessment informed by local data collection and monitoring.The EU BON biodiversity data portal aims to provide a platform that is an access point to datasets relevant to essential biodiversity variables on species, habitats and ecosystems. The EU BON taxonomic backbone provides an integrated search function for species and taxa according to different classifications, and also provides a range of tools for data analysis and decision-support. This will increase the accessibility of the vast range of biodiversity data available in different sources and allow the targeting of future data collection to address current gaps.