bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New small-bodied ornithopods (Dinosauria, Neornithischia) from the Early Cretaceous Wonthaggi Formation (Strzelecki Group) of the Australian-Antarctic rift system, with revision ofQantassaurus intrepidusRich and Vickers-Rich, 1999
Authors: Herne Matthew C. , Nair Jay P. , Evans Alistair R. , Tait Alan M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe Flat Rocks locality in the Wonthaggi Formation (Strzelecki Group) of the Gippsland Basin, southeastern Australia, hosts fossils of a late Barremian vertebrate fauna that inhabited the ancient rift between Australia and Antarctica. Known from its dentary,Qantassaurus intrepidusRich and Vickers-Rich, 1999 has been the only dinosaur named from this locality. However, the plethora of vertebrate fossils collected from Flat Rocks suggests that further dinosaurs await discovery. From this locality, we name a new small-bodied ornithopod,Galleonosaurus dorisaen. gen. n. sp. from craniodental remains. Five ornithopodan genera are now named from Victoria.Galleonosaurus dorisaen. gen. n. sp. is known from five maxillae, from which the first description of jaw growth in an Australian dinosaur is provided. The holotype ofGalleonosaurus dorisaen. gen. n. sp. is the most complete dinosaur maxilla known from Victoria. Micro-CT imagery of the holotype reveals the complex internal anatomy of the neurovascular tract and antorbital fossa. We confirm thatQ. intrepidusis uniquely characterized by a deep foreshortened dentary. Two dentaries originally referred toQ. intrepidusare reassigned toQ.?intrepidusand a further maxilla is referred to cf.Atlascopcosaurus loadsiRich and Rich, 1989. A further ornithopod dentary morphotype is identified, more elongate than those ofQ. intrepidusandQ.?intrepidusand with three more tooth positions. This dentary might pertain toGalleonosaurus dorisaen. gen. n. sp. Phylogenetic analysis recovered Cretaceous Victorian and Argentinian nonstyracosternan ornithopods within the exclusively Gondwanan clade Elasmaria. However, the large-bodied taxonMuttaburrasaurus langdoniBartholomai and Molnar, 1981 is hypothesised as a basal iguanodontian with closer affinities to dryomorphans than to rhabdodontids.UUID:http://zoobank.org/4af87bb4-b687-42f3-9622-aa806a6b4116
Gastropods of the genusAntistreptusas examples of persistent molluscan lineages in the Neogene of the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Pastorino Guido , Griffin Miguel 
Published: March 2019

AbstractGastropods of the southwestern Atlantic genusAntistreptusDall, 1902 from extant and Neogene deposits are reviewed. Fossil specimens come from the Punta Entrada Member of the Monte León Formation (50°21′25.4″S, 68°53′05.9″W). Extant samples are from museum collections and two expeditions on board the R/V “Puerto Deseado” to Burdwood Bank (54°13.934′S, 66°30.997′W) and surroundings. Dissection of soft parts and study of the type material ofA.magellanicusDall, 1902,Euthria(Glypteuthria)contrariaStrebel, 1908, andA.rolaniCastellanos, 1986 reveal that the latter two nominal species are synonymous. Neogene material assigned to the same genus could not be distinguished as a different species. According to the stratigraphic occurrence of the fossil material, the life-span of the genusAntistreptusDall, 1902 and the speciesA.magellanicusDall, 1902 is ~22 Myr, similar to that of the bivalveCyclochlamys argentinaPastorino and Griffin, 2018.
Insulin resistance and obesity, and their association with depression in relatively young people: findings from a large UK birth cohort
Authors: Perry B. I. , Khandaker G. M. , Marwaha S. , Thompson A. , Zammit S. , Singh S. P. , Upthegrove R. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBackgroundDepression frequently co-occurs with disorders of glucose and insulin homeostasis (DGIH) and obesity. Low-grade systemic inflammation and lifestyle factors in childhood may predispose to DGIH, obesity and depression. We aim to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations among DGIH, obesity and depression, and to examine the effect of demographics, lifestyle factors and antecedent low-grade inflammation on such associations in young people.MethodsUsing the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort, we used regression analyses to examine: (1) cross-sectional and (2) longitudinal associations between measures of DGIH [insulin resistance (IR); impaired glucose tolerance] and body mass index (BMI) at ages 9 and 18 years, and depression (depressive symptoms and depressive episode) at age 18 years and (3) whether sociodemographics, lifestyle factors or inflammation [interleukin-6 (IL-6) at age 9 years] confounded any such associations.ResultsWe included 3208 participants. At age 18 years, IR and BMI were positively associated with depression. These associations may be explained by sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. There were no longitudinal associations between DGIH/BMI and depression, and adjustment for IL-6 and C-reactive protein did not attenuate associations between IR/BMI and depression; however, the longitudinal analyses may have been underpowered.ConclusionsYoung people with depression show evidence of DGIH and raised BMI, which may be related to sociodemographic and lifestyle effects such as deprivation, smoking, ethnicity and gender. In future, studies with larger samples are required to confirm this. Preventative strategies for the poorer physical health outcomes associated with depression should focus on malleable lifestyle factors.
Intentionality, belief, and the logical problem of evil
Authors: PEARCE KENNETH L. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis article provides a new defence against the logical problem of evil, based on the naturalistic functional/teleological theory of mind (NFT). I argue that if the NFT is self-consistent then it is consistent with theism. Further, the NFT entails that it is not possible for created minds to exist in the absence of evil. It follows that if the NFT is self-consistent then the existence of God is consistent with the existence of evil.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Sunitinib versus Interferon-Alfa for First-Line Treatment of Advanced and/or Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in Singapore
Authors: Pruis Sil-ling , Aziz Mohamed Ismail Abdul , Pearce Fiona , Tan Min Han , Wu David Bin-Chia , Ng Kwong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of sunitinib versus interferon-alfa for the treatment of advanced and/or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Singapore.MethodsA partitioned survival model with three health states (progression-free, progressive disease, and death) was developed from a healthcare payer perspective over a 10-year time horizon. Survival curves from the pivotal trial of sunitinib versus interferon-alfa were extrapolated beyond the trial period to estimate the underlying progression-free survival and overall survival parametric distributions. Health state utilities were derived from the literature and direct costs were sourced from local public healthcare institutions. The sunitinib dose in the model reflected local prescribing practices whereby a combination of 50 mg (28 percent) and 37.5 mg (72 percent) strengths are used.ResultsThe base-case analysis comparing sunitinib versus interferon-alfa resulted in an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of SGD191,061 (USD139,757) per quality-adjusted life-year gained. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the ICER was most sensitive to variations in the utility value assumed for the progression-free health state and the price of sunitinib.ConclusionsIn the absence of any price reduction, sunitinib had an exceedingly high ICER and was not considered a cost-effective use of healthcare resources in Singapore's context for the first-line treatment of advanced RCC. The findings from our evaluation will be useful to inform local healthcare decision making and resource allocations for tyrosine kinase inhibitors when appraised alongside comparative clinical effectiveness data and payer affordability considerations.
Do parents provide a helping hand to vocabulary development in bilingual children?
Authors: LIMIA Valery , ÖZÇALIŞKAN Şeyda , HOFF Erika 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMonolingual children identify referents uniquely in gesture before they do so with words, and parents translate these gestures into words. Children benefit from these translations, acquiring the words that their parents translated earlier than the ones that are not translated. Are bilingual children as likely as monolingual children to identify referents uniquely in gesture; and do parental translations have the same positive impact on the vocabulary development of bilingual children? Our results showed that the bilingual children – dominant in English or in Spanish – were as likely as monolingual children to identify referents uniquely in gesture. More importantly, the unique gestures, when translated into words by the parents, were as likely to enter bilingual and monolingual children's speech – independent of language dominance. Our results suggest that parental response to child gesture plays as crucial of a role in the vocabulary development of bilingual children as it does in monolingual children.
Isolation measures and protection awareness are significant for latent tuberculosis infection: a cross-sectional study based on T-SPOT.TBamong health care workers in China
Authors: Deng Yunfeng , Liu Yun , Li Yan , Jing Hui , Wang Yan , Li Xuezheng , Xu Lingzhong 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThis study aimed to reveal the associated risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) detected by T-SPOT.TBassay among health care workers (HCWs) at different working locations or job categories in China. This cross-sectional study included 934 HCWs who underwent the T-SPOT.TBassay. Demographic and social characteristics of the participants, including age, sex, job categories, department/ward and duration of healthcare service, were recorded. Among 934 HCWs, 267 (28.5867%) were diagnosed as having LTBI with positive T-SPOT.TBassay. HCWs working in inpatient tuberculosis (TB) (odds ratio (OR) 2.917; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.852–4.596;P< 0.001) and respiratory wards (OR 1.840; 95% CI 1.124–3.011;P= 0.015), and with longer duration of healthcare service (OR 1.048; 95% CI 1.016–1.080;P= 0.003) were risk factors for positive T-SPOT.TBresult. Furthermore, longer working duration increased the positive rate of T-SPOT.TBresults for physicians and nurses, and physicians had higher risks than nurses for the same working duration. Inpatient TB and respiratory wards were high-risk working locations for HCWs with LTBI, and longer duration of healthcare service also increased the risk of LTBI among HCWs. A complete strategy for TB infection control and protection awareness among HCWs should be enhanced.
The association of cellulitis incidence and meteorological factors in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Ren-Jun , Chou Chia-Cheng , Liu Jui-Ming , Pang See-Tong , Lin Chien-Yu , Chuang Heng-Chang , Chuang Cheng-Keng , Wang Hsiao-Wei , Chang Ying-Hsu , Lin Po-Hung 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCellulitis is a common infection of the skin and soft tissue. Susceptibility to cellulitis is related to microorganism virulence, the host immunity status and environmental factors. This retrospective study from 2001 to 2013 investigated relationships between the monthly incidence rate of cellulitis and meteorological factors using data from the Taiwanese Health Insurance Dataset and the Taiwanese Central Weather Bureau. Meteorological data included temperature, hours of sunshine, relative humidity, total rainfall and total number of rainy days. In otal, 195 841 patients were diagnosed with cellulitis and the incidence rate was strongly correlated with temperature (γS = 0.84, P < 0.001), total sunshine hours (γS = 0.65, P < 0.001) and total rainfall (γS = 0.53, P < 0.001). The incidence rate of cellulitis increased by 3.47/100 000 cases for every 1° elevation in environmental temperature. Our results may assist clinicians in educating the public of the increased risk of cellulitis during warm seasons and possible predisposing environmental factors for infection.
International coordination of environmental policies: is it always worth the effort?
Authors: Bayham Jude , Muñoz-García Félix , Espínola-Arredondo Ana 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study entry policies as an alternative form of environmental policy. Given the strong political opposition to standard output subsidies and taxes, several countries have recently used entry policies to promote renewable energy technology, such as solar panels and biofuels. We study a two-stage game in which two regulators choose an entry policy (i.e., tax, subsidy or permit) to maximize domestic welfare. Observing the policy, firms decide the region in which to enter and compete as Cournot oligopolists. We find that both domestic (uncoordinated) policies and internationally coordinated policies increase welfare relative to unregulated settings. However, the welfare gains from international policy coordination are only large when the product is extremely clean. These results indicate that the welfare gains of international policy coordination may only offset the costs of negotiation in relatively clean industries.
Variation of iodine status during pregnancy and its associations with thyroid function in women from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Corcino Carolina Martins , Berbara Tatiana Martins Benvenuto Louro , Saraiva Débora Ayres , Morais Nathalie Anne de Oliveira e Silva de , Schtscherbyna Annie , Gertrudes Larissa Nascimento , Teixeira Patrícia de Fátima dos Santos , Vaisman Mario 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo assess iodine status and its effects on maternal thyroid function throughout pregnancy.DesignIn the present prospective cohort study, three urinary samples were requested for urinary iodine concentration (UIC) determinations in both the first and third gestational trimesters. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) were analysed in both trimesters and thyroid antibodies were assessed once.SettingRio de Janeiro, Brazil.ParticipantsFirst-trimester pregnant women (n243), of whom 100 were re-evaluated during the third trimester.ResultsIodine sufficiency was found in the studied population (median UIC=216·7 µg/l). The first- and third-trimester median UIC was 221·0 and 208·0 µg/l, respectively. TSH levels (mean (sd)) were higher in the third trimester (1·08 (0·67)v. 1·67 (0·86) mIU/l;P<0·001), while FT4levels decreased significantly (1·18 (0·16)v. 0·88 (0·12) ng/dl;P<0·001), regardless the presence of iodine deficiency (UIC<150 µg/l) or circulating thyroid antibodies. UIC correlated (β; 95% CI) independently and negatively with age (–0·43; –0·71, –0·17) and positively with multiparity (0·15; 0·02, 0·28) and BMI (0·25; 0·00, 0·50). Furthermore, median UIC per pregnant woman tended to correlate positively with TSH (0·07; –0·01, 0·14). Women with median UIC≥250 µg/l and at least one sample ≥500 µg/l throughout pregnancy had a higher risk of subclinical hypothyroidism (OR=6·6; 95% CI 1·2, 37·4).ConclusionsIn this cohort with adequate iodine status during pregnancy, excessive UIC was associated with an increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism.
Imaging and Analysis of Cellular Locations in Three-Dimensional Tissue Models
Authors: Colomb Warren , Osmond Matthew , Durfee Charles , Krebs Melissa D. , Sarkar Susanta K. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe absence of quantitative in vitro cell–extracellular matrix models represents an important bottleneck for basic research and human health. Randomness of cellular distributions provides an opportunity for the development of a quantitative in vitro model. However, quantification of the randomness of random cell distributions is still lacking. In this paper, we have imaged cellular distributions in an alginate matrix using a multiview light sheet microscope and developed quantification metrics of randomness by modeling it as a Poisson process, a process that has constant probability of occurring in space or time. We imaged fluorescently labeled human mesenchymal stem cells embedded in an alginate matrix of thickness greater than 5 mm with $\sim\! {\rm 2}{\rm. 9} \pm {\rm 0}{\rm. 4}\,\mu {\rm m}$ axial resolution, the mean full width at half maximum of the axial intensity profiles of fluorescent particles. Simulated randomness agrees well with the experiments. Quantification of distributions and validation by simulations will enable quantitative study of cell–matrix interactions in tissue models.
Dietary and Biochemical Characteristics Associated with Normal-Weight Obesity
Authors: Amani Reza , Parohan Mohammad , Jomehzadeh Nabi , Haghighizadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: March 2019

Abstract. Background: Inflammation and oxidative stress have been reported to be higher in subjects with normal weight obesity (NWO) syndrome [normal body mass index (BMI) (<25 kg/m2) but excessive body fat (for women ≥ 30% and for men ≥ 20%) according to World Health Organization (WHO) definitions]; however, it is unclear whether this is due to inadequate dietary antioxidant intake or the pathophysiology of NWO. The aim of present study was to assess the association between dietary factors and body antioxidant status with NWO syndrome in male university students. Methods: This study was a case-control study carried out on ninety age-matched male university students [30 normal weights (NW), 30 NWO and 30 overweight-obese (OB)]. A validated food frequency questionnaire (98 items) and 3-day 24-h recalls were used for dietary assessment. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of diet and serum and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentrations were also measured. Results: Dietary intake of fruits (frequency factor (FF) = 2.3 vs 2.9, p < 0.05), legumes (FF = 0.7 vs 1.3, p < 0.01), nuts and seeds (FF = 0.4 vs 0.8, p < 0.05), beta-cryptoxanthin (p < 0.05), lycopene (p < 0.05) and serum TAC levels (p < 0.01) were significantly lower in NWO compared to the NW group. No significant differences in these parameters were observed between NWO and OB group. A significant negative correlation was observed between serum TAC levels and BMI (r = −0.57, p < 0.001) and body fat percent (r = −0.52, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study shows that NWO male subjects consume lower amounts of dietary antioxidants and share the same low body antioxidant status as obese individuals, although they appear lean.
Substorm Onset Latitude and the Steadiness of Magnetospheric Convection
Authors: Milan S. E. , Walach M.‐T. , Carter J. A. , Sangha H. , Anderson B. J. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractWe study the role of substorms and steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) in magnetic flux transport in the magnetosphere, using observations of field‐aligned currents by the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment. We identify two classes of substorm, with onsets above and below 65° magnetic latitude, which display different nightside field‐aligned current morphologies. We show that the low‐latitude onsets develop a poleward‐expanding auroral bulge, and identify these as substorms that manifest ionospheric convection‐braking in the auroral bulge region as suggested by Grocott et al. (2009, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-591-2009). We show that the high‐latitude substorms, which do not experience braking, can evolve into SMC events if the interplanetary magnetic field remains southward for a prolonged period following onset. We conclude that during periods of ongoing driving, the magnetosphere displays repeated substorm activity or SMC depending on the rate of driving and the open magnetic flux content of the magnetosphere prior to onset. We speculate that sawtooth events are an extreme case of repeated onsets and that substorms triggered by northward‐turnings of the interplanetary magnetic field mark the cessation of periods of SMC. Our results provide a new explanation for the differing modes of response of the terrestrial system to solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling by invoking friction between the ionosphere and atmosphere.
Analytic Modeling of Magnetic Field in the Magnetosheath and Outer Magnetosphere
Authors: Romashets E. P. , Vandas M. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractMagnetosheath is a region surrounded by the bow shock and the magnetopause. According to statistical analysis, the boundaries can be treated as nonconfocal paraboloids of rotations. It is not easy to meet boundary conditions simultaneously on both sides. This problem is treated here and its solution is presented. A linear combination of harmonics that satisfy the condition on the magnetopause are selected in order to meet the condition on the bow shock. The method allows to calculate surface currents on the magnetopause. It is applied for typical conditions in solar wind. A modified magnetic dipole is used as a model of the magnetospheric field. Its modification is found by the method of potentials using cylindrical harmonics. Magnetopause currents are compared with results from a model with confocal paraboloids, which is commonly used in literature.
Effect of Dilatancy on the Transition From Aseismic to Seismic Slip Due to Fluid Injection in a Fault
Authors: Ciardo F. , Lecampion B. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractAseismic crack growth upon activation of fault slip due to fluid injection may or may not lead to the nucleation of a dynamic rupture depending on in situ conditions, frictional properties of the fault, and the value of overpressure. In particular, a fault is coined as unstable if its residual frictional strength τr is lower than the in situ background shear stress τo. We study here how fault dilatancy associated with slip affect shear crack propagation due to fluid injection. We use a planar bidimensional model with frictional weakening and assume that fluid flow only takes place along the fault (impermeable rock/immature fault). Dilatancy induces an undrained pore‐pressure drop locally strengthening the fault. We introduce an undrained residual fault shear strength
(function of dilatancy) and show theoretically that under the assumption of small‐scale yielding, an otherwise unstable fault (τr < τo) is stabilized when
is larger than τo. We numerically solve the complete coupled hydromechanical problem and confirm this theoretical estimate. It is important to note that the undrained residual strength is fully activated only if residual friction is reached. Dilatancy stabilizes an otherwise unstable fault if the nucleation of an unabated dynamic rupture—without dilatancy—is affected by residual friction, which is the case for sufficiently large injection pressure. We also discuss the effect of fault permeability increase due to slip. Our numerical results show that permeability increases lead to faster aseismic growth but do not impact the stabilizing effect of dilatancy with respect to dynamic rupture.