bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting Real Earthquakes Using Artificial Earthquakes: On the Use of Synthetic Waveforms in Matched‐Filter Earthquake Detection
Authors: Chamberlain C. J. , Townend J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMatched‐filters are an increasingly popular tool for earthquake detection, but their reliance on a priori knowledge of the targets of interest limits their application to regions with previously documented seismicity. We explore an extension to the matched‐filter method to detect earthquakes and low‐frequency earthquakes on local to regional scales. We show that it is possible to increase the number of detections compared with standard energy‐based methods, with low false‐detection rates, using suites of synthetic waveforms as templates. We apply this to a microearthquake swarm and an aftershock sequence, and to detect low‐frequency earthquakes. We also explore the sensitivity of detections to the synthetic source's location and focal mechanism. Source‐receiver geometry has a first‐order control on how sensitive matched‐filter detectors are to variations in source location and focal mechanism, and this likely applies to detections made using both synthetic and real templates.
Short‐Term Precipitation Forecast Based on the PERSIANN System and LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Akbari Asanjan Ata , Yang Tiantian , Hsu Kuolin , Sorooshian Soroosh , Lin Junqiang , Peng Qidong 
Published: October 2018

AbstractShort‐term Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting is important for flood forecasting, early flood warning, and natural hazard management. This study proposes a precipitation forecast model by extrapolating Cloud‐Top Brightness Temperature (CTBT) using advanced Deep Neural Networks, and applying the forecasted CTBT into an effective rainfall retrieval algorithm to obtain the Short‐term Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting (0–6 hr). To achieve such tasks, we propose a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) and the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks (PERSIANN), respectively. The precipitation forecasts obtained from our proposed framework, (i.e., LSTM combined with PERSIANN) are compared with a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Persistency method, and Farneback optical flow each combined with PERSIANN algorithm and the numerical model results from the first version of Rapid Refresh (RAPv1.0) over three regions in the United States, including the states of Oregon, Oklahoma, and Florida. Our experiments indicate better statistics, such as correlation coefficient and root‐mean‐square error, for the CTBT forecasts from the proposed LSTM compared to the RNN, Persistency, and the Farneback method. The precipitation forecasts from the proposed LSTM and PERSIANN framework has demonstrated better statistics compared to the RAPv1.0 numerical forecasts and PERSIANN estimations from RNN, Persistency, and Farneback projections in terms of Probability of Detection, False Alarm Ratio, Critical Success Index, correlation coefficient, and root‐mean‐square error, especially in predicting the convective rainfalls. The proposed method shows superior capabilities in short‐term forecasting over compared methods, and has the potential to be implemented globally as an alternative short‐term forecast product.
Omnidirectional and Circularly Polarized Slotted Antenna Array With Increased Bandwidth Performance by Using Nonidentical Waveguide Slots
Authors: Turkmen Ceyhan , Secmen Mustafa 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn this paper, the design, production, and results of an omnidirectional and circularly polarized antenna for satellite communication applications such as telemetry or telecommand are explained. The antenna is fed by a special transition structure between rectangular waveguide to circular waveguide in order to provide symmetrical circular waveguide mode of TM01 and eliminate dominant but asymmetric mode of TE11. The radiation part on the antenna has the geometry of inclined waveguide slots placed in a rotationally symmetric way on a circular waveguide and two radially outward parallel cylindrical plates in order to provide circular polarization. In the design of the antenna, nonidentical slots are used on the circular waveguide where half of the total number of slots is reduced to increase the bandwidth of the antenna. The realized antenna is found to give about 5–6% impedance bandwidth around 12 GHz where it is just approximately 2.5% when all slots in array are identical. The usage of nonidentical slots results in degradation of gain variation and axial ratio performances as compared to the antennas with identical slots; however, it still performs gain variation less than 3 dB over full azimuth plane, and axial ratio under 3 dB over full azimuth plane and elevation beamwidth of minimum 50° for the given bandwidth.
Incorporating Antecedent Moisture Conditions and Intraevent Variability of Rainfall on Flood Frequency Analysis in Poorly Gauged Basins
Authors: Cea L. , Fraga I. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractRainfall‐runoff models are frequently used for the prediction of flood discharges from extreme rainfall data in poorly gauged basins. However, the conventional methods used to estimate the frequency of flood discharges from precipitation data do not incorporate a realistic representation of the spatial and temporal structure of rainfall at the study site nor of the antecedent soil moisture content. Temporally and spatially idealized rainfall patterns that do not represent properly the intraevent variability of rainfall are in general assumed. In this paper, we propose a methodology for flood frequency analysis based on the hydrological simulation of potentially hazardous real storm events. The aim of the proposed method is to incorporate the impact of the spatial and temporal intraevent variability of rainfall on flood discharge estimates without making strong assumptions about the spatial and temporal patterns of storms. It also includes a calibrated relation between the antecedent rainfall depth and the soil infiltration capacity, in order to consider the combined effect of antecedent soil moisture content and rainfall intensity. The flood frequency estimates obtained with the proposed methodology are compared to those estimated with a conventional method based on the definition of synthetic design hyetographs from local intensity‐duration‐frequency curves. The analysis is presented in two watersheds of 84 and 353 km2 located in the NW of Spain. Results highlight the role of the antecedent soil moisture in flood frequency analysis and show that the conventional methodology tends to overestimate the flood discharges when compared to the proposed approach.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Evaporation From Wavy Surfaces by Coupling Free Flow and Porous Media Flow
Authors: Gao Bo , Davarzani Hossein , Helmig Rainer , Smits Kathleen M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe macroscale roughness of the soil surface has significant influences on the mass/energy interactions between the subsurface and the atmosphere during evaporation. However, most previous works only consider evaporation behavior from flat surfaces. Based on experimental and numerical approaches, the goal of this work is to provide a framework for the understanding of the mechanisms of evaporation from irregular soil surfaces at representative elementary volume scale. A coupling free flow‐porous media flow model was developed to describe evaporation under nonisothermal conditions. For simplicity, sinusoidal‐type wavy surfaces were considered. To validate this modeling approach, an experiment using an open‐ended wind tunnel and soil tank was conducted. The experimental system was instrumented with various environmental sensors to continuously collect atmospheric and subsurface data. Results demonstrate that the surface roughness directly affects both atmospheric and diffusion‐dominated stages I and II evaporation behavior, respectively. The atmospheric conditions directly affect the boundary layer during stage I. The evaporation rate is determined by the diffusion in the boundary layer, but not that in the porous media. The soil properties exert intrinsic influence on the capillary flow and determine the evaporation amount. The complex interaction between capillarity and the boundary layer leads to a heterogeneous distribution of evaporative flux with undulation (i.e., location along the soil surface) and time. Additionally, more and steeper waves indicate more influence from capillary flow, enhancing evaporation compared to a single wave system with the same wave amplitude, while steeper waves also result in a thicker boundary layer and weaken evaporation.
The Impact of Rainfall Space‐Time Structure in Flood Frequency Analysis
Authors: Zhu Zhihua , Wright Daniel B. , Yu Guo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlood hydrologic response is influenced by rainfall structure (i.e., variability in space and time). How this structure shapes flood frequency is unknown, and flood frequency analyses typically neglect or simplify potentially important aspects of rainfall variability. This study seeks to understand how rainfall structure impacts flood frequency. We use stochastic storm transposition combined with a 15‐year record of hourly, 4‐km2 radar rainfall to generate 10,000 synthetic extreme rain events. These events are resampled into four “scenarios” with differing spatial and temporal resolutions, which are used as input to a distributed hydrologic model. Analysis of variance is used to identify the proportions of total flood peak variability attributable to spatial and to temporal rainfall variability under two antecedent soil moisture conditions. We simulate peak discharges for recurrence intervals of 2 to 500 years for 1,343 subwatersheds ranging in size from 16 to 4,400 km2 in Turkey River in the Midwestern United States, which is situated in a typically humid continental climactic region. Antecedent soil moisture modulates the role of rainfall structure in simulated flood response, particularly for more frequent events and large watershed scales. Rainfall spatial structure is more important than temporal structure for drainage areas larger than approximately 2,000 km2 (approximately 200 km2) for wet (dry) initial soil conditions, especially when soils are dry, while the reverse is true for smaller subwatersheds. The results appear to be related to the differing propensities for surface and subsurface runoff production as a function of basin scale, event magnitude, and soil saturation. Our results suggest that hydrologic model‐based flood frequency analyses, and particularly efforts attempting to spanning a range of scales, must carefully consider rainfall structure.
Towards smart self-clearing glaucoma drainage device
Authors: Park Hyunsu , Raffiee Amir Hossein , John Simon W. M. , Ardekani Arezoo M. , Lee Hyowon 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFor patients who are unresponsive to pharmacological treatments of glaucoma, an implantable glaucoma drainage devices (GDD) are often used to manage the intraocular pressure. However, the microscale channel that removes excess aqueous humor from the anterior chamber often gets obstructed due to biofouling, which necessitates additional surgical intervention. Here we demonstrate the proof-of-concept for smart self-clearing GDD by integrating magnetic microactuators inside the drainage tube of GDD. The magnetic microactuators can be controlled using externally applied magnetic fields to mechanically clear biofouling-based obstruction, thereby eliminating the need for surgical intervention. In this work, our prototype magnetic microactuators were fabricated using low-cost maskless photolithography to expedite design iteration. The fabricated devices were evaluated for their static and dynamic mechanical responses. Using transient numerical analysis, the fluid–structure interaction of our microactuator inside a microtube was characterized to better understand the amount of shear force generated by the device motion. Finally, the anti-biofouling performance of our device was evaluated using fluorescein isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin. The microactuators were effective in removing proteinaceous film deposited on device surface as well as on the inner surface of the microchannel, which supports our hypothesis that a smart self-clearing GDD may be possible by integrating microfabricated magnetic actuators in chronically implanted microtubes.
Mediterranean diet adherence and rate of cerebral Aβ-amyloid accumulation: Data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing
Authors: Rainey-Smith Stephanie R. , Gu Yian , Gardener Samantha L. , Doecke James D. , Villemagne Victor L. , Brown Belinda M. , Taddei Kevin , Laws Simon M. , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Weinborn Michael , Ames David , Fowler Christopher , Macaulay S. Lance , Maruff Paul , Masters Colin L. , Salvado Olivier , Rowe Christopher C. , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Martins Ralph N. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTAccumulating research has linked Mediterranean diet (MeDi) adherence with slower cognitive decline and reduced Alzheimer’s disease (AD) risk. However, no study to-date has examined the relationship between MeDi adherence and accumulation of cerebral Aβ-amyloid (Aβ; a pathological hallmark of AD) in older adults. Cognitively normal healthy control participants of the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study of Ageing completed the Cancer Council of Victoria Food Frequency Questionnaire at baseline, which was used to construct a MeDi score for each participant (score range 0–9; higher score indicating higher adherence). Cerebral Aβ load was quantified by Pittsburgh Compound B positron emission tomography at baseline, 18 and 36 months: Only individuals categorised as “Aβ accumulators”, and thus considered to be on the AD pathway, were included in the analysis (N = 77). The relationship between MeDi adherence, MeDi components, and change in cerebral Aβ load (baseline to 36 months) was evaluated using Generalised Linear Modelling, accounting for age, gender, education, Apolipoprotein E ε4 allele status, body mass index and total energy intake. Higher MeDi score was associated with less Aβ accumulation in our cohort (β = −0.01 ± 0.004, p = 0.0070). Of the individual MeDi score components, a high intake of fruit was associated with less accumulation of Aβ (β = −0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.00036). Our results suggest MeDi adherence is associated with reduced cerebral AD pathology accumulation over time. When our results are considered collectively with previous data linking the MeDi to slower cognitive decline, it is apparent that MeDi adherence warrants further investigation in the quest to delay AD onset.
Patterns of schizophrenia symptoms: hidden structure in the PANSS questionnaire
Authors: Lefort-Besnard Jérémy , Varoquaux Gaël , Derntl Birgit , Gruber Oliver , Aleman Andre , Jardri Renaud , Sommer Iris , Thirion Bertrand , Bzdok Danilo 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThe clinical presentation of patients with schizophrenia has long been described to be very heterogeneous. Coherent symptom profiles can probably be directly derived from behavioral manifestations quantified in medical questionnaires. The combination of machine learning algorithms and an international multi-site dataset (n = 218 patients) identified distinctive patterns underlying schizophrenia from the widespread PANSS questionnaire. Our clustering approach revealed a negative symptom patient group as well as a moderate and a severe group, giving further support for the existence of schizophrenia subtypes. Additionally, emerging regression analyses uncovered the most clinically predictive questionnaire items. Small subsets of PANSS items showed convincing forecasting performance in single patients. These item subsets encompassed the entire symptom spectrum confirming that the different facets of schizophrenia can be shown to enable improved clinical diagnosis and medical action in patients. Finally, we did not find evidence for complicated relationships among the PANSS items in our sample. Our collective results suggest that identifying best treatment for a given individual may be grounded in subtle item combinations that transcend the long-trusted positive, negative, and cognitive categories.
Sialyltransferase ST3GAL1 promotes cell migration, invasion, and TGF-β1-induced EMT and confers paclitaxel resistance in ovarian cancer
Authors: Wu Xin , Zhao Junda , Ruan Yuanyuan , Sun Li , Xu Congjian , Jiang Hua 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSialyltransferases transfer sialic acid to nascent oligosaccharides and are upregulated in cancer. The inhibition of sialyltransferases is emerging as a potential strategy to prevent metastasis in several cancers, including ovarian cancer. ST3GAL1 is a sialyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of sialic acid from cytidine monophosphate-sialic acid to galactose-containing substrates and is associated with cancer progression and chemoresistance. However, the function of ST3GAL1 in ovarian cancer is uncertain. Herein, we use qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of ST3GAL1 in ovarian cancer tissue and cell lines and investigate whether it influences resistance to paclitaxel in vitro and in a mouse xenograft model. We found that ST3GAL1 is upregulated in ovarian cancer tissues and in the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and OVCAR3 but downregulated in A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Overexpression of ST3GAL1 in A2780 cells increases cell growth, migration, and invasion whereas ST3GAL1 knockdown in SKOV-3 cells decreases cell growth, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, overexpression of ST3GAL1 increases resistance to paclitaxel while downregulation of ST3GAL1 decreases resistance to paclitaxel in vitro, and overexpression of ST3GAL1 increases tumorigenicity and resistance to paclitaxel in vivo. Transforming growth factor-β1 can increase ST3GAL1 expression and induce ovarian cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, knockdown of ST3GAL1 inhibits EMT expression. Taken together, our findings have identified a regulatory mechanism involving ST3GAL1 in ovarian cancer. ST3GAL1 may be a promising target for overcoming paclitaxel resistance in ovarian carcinoma.
The cisplatin-induced lncRNA PANDAR dictates the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer via regulating SFRS2-mediated p53 phosphorylation
Authors: Wang Hao , Fang Lei , Jiang Jing , Kuang Ye , Wang Beidi , Shang Xiumin , Han Peilin , Li Yue , Liu Meimei , Zhang Zongfeng , Li Peiling 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAs a component of p53-dependent lncRNA (long non-coding RNA), PANDAR (the promoter of CDKN1A antisense DNA damage activated RNA) participates in the epigenetic regulation in human cancer. However, the involvement of PANDAR in cancer chemoresistance is unknown. In this study, we report that PANDAR serves as a negative regulator of cisplatin sensitivity in human ovarian cancer via PANDAR-SRFS2-p53 feedback regulation in nuclear. Our data showed that among the drugs commonly used in ovarian cancer therapy, cisplatin induces higher levels of PANDAR compared with doxorubicin and paclitaxel. We also proved that PANDAR exhibited higher expression in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer tissues and cells, compared with cisplatin-sensitive ones, and this expression pattern depends on wild-type p53 (wt-p53), not mutant-p53 (mt-p53). In vitro and in vivo, PANDAR overexpression improved cell survival rate and tumor growth in response to cisplatin, while depletion of PANDAR leads to a reduced tumor growth. Further investigation revealed that PANDAR-reduced cisplatin sensitivity was likely or partly due to the PANDAR-binding protein SFRS2 (arginine/serine-rich 2), a splicing factor with the ability to negative regulate p53 and its phosphorylation at Serine 15 (Ser15). This feedback regulation of PANDAR–SFRS2–p53 leads to a reduced transactivation of p53-related pro-apoptotic genes, such as PUMA (p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis). In addition, in platinum-treated patients with relapsed ovarian cancer, resistant period was positively correlated with the expression of PANDAR and SFRS2, and inversely associated with expression of p53-Ser15 and PUMA in these clinical tissues. Last but not least, the role of PANDAR in chemoresistance was confirmed in patients with ovarian cancer. These findings reveal a novel regulatory maneuver of cancer cells in response to chemostress, and might shed light on overcoming cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer.
Parvalbumin+ interneurons obey unique connectivity rules and establish a powerful lateral-inhibition microcircuit in dentate gyrus
Authors: Espinoza Claudia , Guzman Segundo Jose , Zhang Xiaomin , Jonas Peter 
Published: October 2018

AbstractParvalbumin-positive (PV+) GABAergic interneurons in hippocampal microcircuits are thought to play a key role in several higher network functions, such as feedforward and feedback inhibition, network oscillations, and pattern separation. Fast lateral inhibition mediated by GABAergic interneurons may implement a winner-takes-all mechanism in the hippocampal input layer. However, it is not clear whether the functional connectivity rules of granule cells (GCs) and interneurons in the dentate gyrus are consistent with such a mechanism. Using simultaneous patch-clamp recordings from up to seven GCs and up to four PV+interneurons in the dentate gyrus, we find that connectivity is structured in space, synapse-specific, and enriched in specific disynaptic motifs. In contrast to the neocortex, lateral inhibition in the dentate gyrus (in which a GC inhibits neighboring GCs via a PV+interneuron) is ~ 10-times more abundant than recurrent inhibition (in which a GC inhibits itself). Thus, unique connectivity rules may enable the dentate gyrus to perform specific higher-order computations.
Mechanical strain determines the site-specific localization of inflammation and tissue damage in arthritis
Authors: Cambré Isabelle , Gaublomme Djoere , Burssens Arne , Jacques Peggy , Schryvers Nadia , De Muynck Amélie , Meuris Leander , Lambrecht Stijn , Carter Shea , de Bleser Pieter , Saeys Yvan , Van Hoorebeke Luc , Kollias George , Mack Matthias , Simoens Paul , Lories Rik , Callewaert Nico , Schett Georg , Elewaut Dirk 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMany pro-inflammatory pathways leading to arthritis have global effects on the immune system rather than only acting locally in joints. The reason behind the regional and patchy distribution of arthritis represents a longstanding paradox. Here we show that biomechanical loading acts as a decisive factor in the transition from systemic autoimmunity to joint inflammation. Distribution of inflammation and erosive disease is confined to mechano-sensitive regions with a unique microanatomy. Curiously, this pathway relies on stromal cells but not adaptive immunity. Mechano-stimulation of mesenchymal cells induces CXCL1 and CCL2 for the recruitment of classical monocytes, which can differentiate into bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Genetic ablation ofCCL2or pharmacologic targeting of its receptor CCR2 abates mechanically-induced exacerbation of arthritis, indicating that stress-induced chemokine release by mesenchymal cells and chemo-attraction of monocytes determines preferential homing of arthritis to certain hot spots. Thus, mechanical strain controls the site-specific localisation of inflammation and tissue damage in arthritis.