bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practical considerations for collaborative research between the pharmaceutical industry and external investigators
Authors: Lloyd Maureen , Barbitsch Cynthia K , Voehl Hirsch Mary , Panayi Antonia , Southam Eric 
Published: June 2019

Traditionally, clinical research has been conducted via either industry sponsored studies or non-industry investigator sponsored studies. Collaborative Research provides a relatively new mechanism for industry and non-industry partners to work together in the pursuit of effective and safe treatments for the patient. The aims of this article are to provide both industry and non-industry investigators with a greater insight into the complex processes that are currently employed by industry when entering into Collaborative Research agreements, and to encourage consistency and transparency in approach across companies.
In Collaborative Research, instead of being limited to providing funding and/or product, the industry partner contributes expertise complementary to that of the non-industry partner, who is the sponsor of the study. Collaborative Research may be conducted before, during or after regulatory approval of a drug or medical device, and may be interventional, observational or preclinical.
A collaboration requires appropriate process and governance frameworks to be established in order to be successful. Important considerations include the routes for submitting a request, the review and approval process, due diligence criteria, budgeting and contracting processes, permissible interactions during the execution of the research, the closing out of the research, and dispute resolution. It is also necessary to have in place an agreed communication strategy and a risk control framework. Clear and specific contract language around roles and responsibilities, intellectual property, rights to data, registration and disclosure of publications, and an understanding of adverse event reporting procedures are other critical facets of Collaborative Research that are essential to avoid delays and disputes.
With no global standards for Collaborative Research, it is important that partners establish practical procedures, good ongoing communication, alignment of goals, and transparent interactions and disclosure to jointly advance the science of new, safe and effective therapies.
Protein‐facilitated transport of hydrophobic molecules across the yeast plasma membrane
Authors: Claus Silke , Jezierska Sylwia , Van Bogaert Inge N. A. 
Published: June 2019

In yeasts, the plasma membrane forms the barrier that protects the cell from the outside world, but also gathers and keeps valuable compounds inside. Although it is often suggested that hydrophobic molecules surpass this checkpoint by simple diffusion, it now becomes evident that protein‐facilitated transport mechanisms allow for selective import and export of triglycerides, fatty acids, alkanes, and sterols in yeasts. During biomass production, hydrophobic carbon sources enter and exit the cell efficiently in a strictly regulated manner that helps avoid toxicity. Furthermore, various molecules, such as yeast pheromones, secondary metabolites and xenobiotics, are exported to ensure cell–cell communication, or increase chances of survival. This review summarizes the current knowledge on how hydrophobic compounds interact with protein‐facilitated transport systems on the plasma membrane and how selective import and export across the yeast plasma membrane is achieved. Both the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as unconventional yeasts are discussed.
Tension Pistons: Amplifying Piston Force Using Fluid‐Induced Tension in Flexible Materials
Authors: Li Shuguang , Vogt Daniel M. , Bartlett Nicholas W. , Rus Daniela , Wood Robert J. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractPistons are ubiquitous devices used for fluid‐mechanical energy conversion. However, despite this ubiquity and centuries of development, the forces and motions produced by conventional rigid pistons are limited by their design. The use of flexible materials and structures opens a door to the design of a piston with unconventional features. In this study, an architecture for pistons that utilizes a combination of flexible membrane materials and compressible rigid structures is proposed. In contrast to conventional pistons, the fluid‐pressure‐induced tension forces in the flexible membrane play a primary role in the system, rather than compressive forces on the internal surfaces of the piston. The compressive skeletal structures offer the opportunity for the production of tunable forces and motions in the “tension piston” system. The experimental results indicate that the tension piston concept is able to produce substantially greater force (more than three times), higher power, and higher energy efficiency (more than 40% improvement at low pressures) compared to a conventional piston, and these features enable myriad potential applications for the tension piston as a drop‐in replacement for existing pistons.
Skin‐Inspired Antibacterial Conductive Hydrogels for Epidermal Sensors and Diabetic Foot Wound Dressings
Authors: Zhao Yue , Li Zuhao , Song Shanliang , Yang Kerong , Liu Hou , Yang Zhe , Wang Jincheng , Yang Bai , Lin Quan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractRecently, artificial intelligence research has driven the development of stretchable and flexible electronic systems. Conductive hydrogels are a class of soft electronic materials that have emerging applications in wearable and implantable biomedical devices. However, current conductive hydrogels possess fundamental limitations in terms of their antibacterial performance and a mechanical mismatch with human tissues, which severely limits their applications in biological interfaces. Here, inspired by animal skin, a conductive hydrogel is fabricated from a supramolecular assembly of polydopamine decorated silver nanoparticles (PDA@Ag NPs), polyaniline, and polyvinyl alcohol, namely PDA@Ag NPs/CPHs. The resultant hydrogel has many desirable features, such as tunable mechanical and electrochemical properties, eye‐catching processability, good self‐healing ability as well as repeatable adhesiveness. Remarkably, PDA@Ag NPs/CPHs exhibit broad antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. The potential application of this versatile hydrogel is demonstrated by monitoring large‐scale movements of the human body in real time. In addition, PDA@Ag NPs/CPHs have a significant therapeutic effect on diabetic foot wounds by promoting angiogenesis, accelerating collagen deposition, inhibiting bacterial growth, and controlling wound infection. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that conductive hydrogels with antibacterial ability are developed for use as epidermal sensors and diabetic foot wound dressing.
Polarized Ferroelectric Polymers for High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Cong‐Cong , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Yuan Shuai , Wang Rui , Li Meng , Jimoh Musibau Francis , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Yang Yang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractIn hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells, the energy loss is strongly associated with nonradiative recombination in the perovskite layer and at the cell interfaces. Here, a simple but effective strategy is developed to improve the cell performance of perovskite solar cells via the combination of internal doping by a ferroelectric polymer and external control by an electric field. A group of polarized ferroelectric (PFE) polymers are doped into the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) layer and/or inserted between the perovskite and the hole‐transporting layers to enhance the build‐in field (BIF), improve the crystallization of MAPbI3, and regulate the nonradiative recombination in perovskite solar cells. The PFE polymer‐doped MAPbI3 shows an orderly arrangement of MA+ cations, resulting in a preferred growth orientation of polycrystalline perovskite films with reduced trap states. In addition, the BIF is enhanced by the widened depletion region in the device. As an interfacial dipole layer, the PFE polymer plays a critical role in increasing the BIF. This combined effect leads to a substantial reduction in voltage loss of 0.14 V due to the efficient suppression of nonradiative recombination. Consequently, the resulting perovskite solar cells present a power conversion efficiency of 21.38% with a high open‐circuit voltage of 1.14 V.
Improved Interfaces of Mechanically Modified Lithium Electrodes with Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Liebenau Dominik , Jalkanen Kirsi , Schmohl Sebastian , Stan Marian C. , Bieker Peter , Wiemhöfer Hans‐Dieter , Winter Martin , Kolek Martin 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe combination of mechanically modified lithium electrodes and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) is investigated. So far, modified lithium electrodes, e.g., via structuring, are successfully used in combination with liquid electrolytes like ionic liquid‐based and organic solvent‐based ones. Specific SPEs have proven to be well compatible with lithium metal, even better than with liquid electrolytes. Nevertheless, the interface between lithium and SPEs is a complex issue. In this work, the challenge of the adequate wetting of the lithium electrode surface, especially a structured lithium surface, with a solid polymer is faced to successfully improve the interfacial properties and thus the performance, by a new method for the coating of such electrodes. The wetting of the micropatterned lithium surface by the SPE and the directed lithium electrodeposition in the patterns are verified by scanning electron microscopy analysis. The electrochemical properties of Li|SPE assemblies are investigated on the basis of constant current cycling and impedance experiments.
Nanostructure and Mechanism of Metal Deposition by a Laser‐Induced Photothermal Reaction
Authors: Greenberg Ehud , Armon Nina , Kapon Omree , Ben‐Ishai Moshit , Shpaisman Hagay 
Published: June 2019

AbstractLaser‐induced photothermal reaction of metal ions is a promising one‐step method for production of conductive micropatterns for electronic devices and sensors. However, the mechanism that governs the process in which thermally activated materials are deposited on a substrate is not clear. Here, light is shed on the mechanism through systematic analysis of photothermal reaction products forming iron oxide and silver at different interfaces. Examination of the nanostructure of deposits on a substrate using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction pattern analysis reveals a combination of both amorphous and crystalline moieties. It is found that focusing the laser inside the solution leads to exclusive formation of crystalline products, while focusing at the liquid/air interface leads to formation of amorphous products due to kinetic considerations. Ring‐shaped microstructures observed on the substrate indicate that microbubbles are involved in the deposition. The findings suggest that crystalline nanoparticles formed in solution are pinned to the base of the microbubbles. These stationary deposits absorb the laser light, resulting in extensive local heating, which leads to a fast thermal‐reaction of the metal ions that are added as amorphous nanostructures. The presence of both crystalline and amorphous nanostructures therefore results from two different mechanisms.
Controlling Cell Behavior through the Design of Biomaterial Surfaces: A Focus on Surface Modification Techniques
Authors: Amani Hamed , Arzaghi Hamidreza , Bayandori Mehrdad , Dezfuli Amin Shiralizadeh , Pazoki‐Toroudi Hamidreza , Shafiee Abbas , Moradi Lida 
Published: June 2019

AbstractSurface interaction at the biomaterial–cell interface is essential for a variety of cellular functions, such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Nevertheless, changes in the biointerface enable to trigger specific cell signaling and result in different cellular responses. In order to manufacture biomaterials with higher functionality, biomaterials containing immobilized bioactive ligands have been widely introduced and employed for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Moreover, a number of physical and chemical strategies have been used to improve the functionality of biomaterials and specifically at the material interface. Here, the interactions between materials and cells at the interface levels are described. Then, the importance of surface properties in cell function is discussed and recent methods for surface modifications are systematically highlighted. Additionally, the impact of bulk material properties on the cellular responses is briefly reviewed.
A N, P Dual‐Doped Carbon with High Porosity as an Advanced Metal‐Free Oxygen Reduction Catalyst
Authors: Sun Ya‐Nan , Zhang Ming‐Li , Zhao Li , Sui Zhu‐Yin , Sun Zhen‐Yu , Han Bao‐Hang 
Published: June 2019

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the critical reaction in metal–air batteries and fuel cells. This reaction suffers from sluggish kinetics and use of Pt‐based catalysts that are prohibitively expensive and in shortage of resource. Therefore, an alternative advanced metal‐free catalyst for ORR is highly desired. Herein, a N, P dual‐doped porous carbon (NPPC) with large surface area is obtained through the CO2 activation of a novel N, P‐doped aerogel (NPA). Ascribed to the CO2 activation of NPA, NPPC possesses a large Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area (2850 m2 g−1) and N, P dual doping. CO2 activation as an environmentally friendly method with no corrosion can not only produce abundant micropores and mesopores in NPPC, but also provide a positive influence for the transformation of N species from pyrrolic N to pyridinic and graphitic N, which can promote the ORR activities. Therefore, compared with carbonized NPA, NPPC exhibits a higher ORR activity, including a larger transfer electron number (3.95 at 0.2 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode). Additionally, NPPC possesses a much better long‐term stability compared with commercial 20 wt% Pt/C. This work gives an inspiration on the new strategy for preparing the future catalyst for ORR.
Multimechanism Synergistic Photodetectors with Ultrabroad Spectrum Response from 375 nm to 10 µm
Authors: Wang Xudong , Shen Hong , Chen Yan , Wu Guangjian , Wang Peng , Xia Hui , Lin Tie , Zhou Peng , Hu Weida , Meng Xiangjian , Chu Junhao , Wang Jianlu 
Published: June 2019

AbstractBroadening the spectral range of photodetectors is an essential topic in photonics. Traditional photodetectors are widely used; however, the realization of ultrabroad spectrum photodetectors remains a challenge. Here, a photodetector constructed by a hybrid quasi‐freestanding structure of organic ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is demonstrated. The 2D MoS2 with the ultrathin structure brings a great benefit of heat dissipation for the pyroelectric infrared detector. By coupling the mechanisms of pyroelectrics, photoconductor, and phototransistor effect, an ultrabroad spectrum response ranging from ultraviolet (375 nm) to long‐wavelength infrared (10 µm) is achieved. In the 2.76–10 µm spectral range, the 2D MoS2 is used to read and amplify the photocurrent induced by the pyroelectric effect of P(VDF‐TrFE). The sensitivity of the device in this spectral range is greatly enhanced. A high responsivity of 140 mA W−1, an on/off photocurrent switching ratio up to 103, and a quick response of 5.5 ms are achieved. Moreover, the ferroelectric polarization field dramatically enhances the photoconductive properties of MoS2 and restrains dark current and noise. This approach constitutes a reliable route toward realizing high‐performance photodetectors with a remarkable ultrabroad spectrum response, high responsivity, low power consumption, and room‐temperature operation.
Creation of 3D Textured Graphene/Si Schottky Junction Photocathode for Enhanced Photo‐Electrochemical Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Ku Che‐Kuei , Wu Po‐Hsien , Chung Cheng‐Chu , Chen Chun‐Chi , Tsai Kai‐Jie , Chen Hung‐Ming , Chang Yu‐Cheng , Chuang Cheng‐Hao , Wei Chuan‐Yu , Wen Cheng‐Yen , Lin Tzu‐Yao , Chen Hsuen‐Li , Wang Yen‐Shang , Lee Zhe‐Yu , Chang Jun‐Ru , Luo Chih‐Wei , Wang Di‐Yan , Hwang Bing Joe , Chen Chun‐Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThis work presents a novel photo‐electrochemical architecture based on the 3D pyramid‐like graphene/p‐Si Schottky junctions. Overcoming the conventional transfer technique by which only planar graphene/Si Schottky junctions are currently available, this work demonstrates the 3D pyramid‐like graphene/p‐Si Schottky junction photocathode, which greatly enhances light harvesting efficiency and exhibits promising photo‐electrochemical performance for hydrogen generation. The formation of 3D pyramid‐like graphene/p‐Si Schottky junctions exhibits enhanced electrochemical activity and promotes charge separation efficiency compared with the bare pyramid Si surface without graphene. The inherent chemical inertness of graphene significantly improves the operational stability of 3D graphene/p‐Si Schottky junction photo‐electrochemical cells. The 3D pyramid‐like graphene/p‐Si Schottky junction photocathode delivers an onset potential of 0.41 V and a saturated photocurrent density of −32.5 mA cm−2 at 0 V (vs RHE) with excellent stability comparable to values reported for textured or nanostructured p‐Si photocathodes coated with ultrathin oxide layers by the conventional atomic layer deposition technique. These results suggest that the formation of graphene/Si Schottky junctions with a 3D architecture is a promising approach to improve the performance and durability of Si‐based photo‐electrochemical systems for water splitting or solar‐to‐fuel conversion.
Hydrodynamics and simulation of air–water homogeneous bubble column under elevated pressure
Authors: Tran Bay V. , Nguyen Dan D. , Ngo Son I. , Lim Young‐Il , Kim Bongjun , Lee Dong Hyun , Go Kang‐Seok , Nho Nam‐Sun 
Published: June 2019

AbstractA gas–liquid Eulerian computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled with a population balance equation (PBE) was presented to investigate hydrodynamics of an air–water bubble column (1.8 m in height and 0.1 m in inner diameter) under elevated pressure in terms of pressure drop, gas holdup, mean bubble size, and bubble surface area. The CFD‐PBE model was modified with three pressure correction factors to predict both the total gas holdup and the mean bubble size in the homogeneous bubbly flow regime. The three correction factors were optimized compared to experimental data. Increasing the pressure led to increasing the density, reducing the bubble size, and increasing the gas holdup. The bubble size distribution moved toward a smaller bubble size, as the pressure increased. The modified CFD‐PBE model validated with experimental data and empirical models represented well hydrodynamics of the bubble column at P = 0.1, 1.5, and 3.5 MPa.
Magnetische Levitation in Chemie, Materialwissenschaft und Biochemie
Authors: Ge Shencheng , Nemiroski Alex , Mirica Katherine A. , Mace Charles R. , Hennek Jonathan W. , Kumar Ashok A. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAlle Materie hat Dichte. Die Aufzeichnungen der Verwendung von Dichte zur Charakterisierung von Materie gehen auf das Jahr ca. 250 v. Chr. zurück, als Archimedes das “Rätsel der Königskrone” mit Hilfe der Dichte gelöst haben soll.[1] Heute werden Dichtemessungen zur Trennung und Charakterisierung einer Reihe von Materialien (inklusive Zellen und Organismen) und deren chemischen und/oder physikalischen Veränderungen in Zeit und Raum verwendet. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt eine dichtebasierende Technik – magnetische Levitation, der Einfachheit halber nennen wir sie “MagLev” –, die zur Lösung von Problemen in den Bereichen der Chemie, Materialwissenschaft und Biochemie entwickelt wurde. MagLev hat zwei Hauptmerkmale – Einfachheit und Anwendbarkeit auf ein breites Spektrum von Materialien –, die sie für eine Reihe von Anwendungen nützlich macht (z. B. Materialcharakterisierung, Qualitätskontrolle von Plastik‐Fertigteilen, Selbstorganisation von Objekten in 3D, Trennung verschiedener Arten von biologischen Zellen, und Bioanalysen). Die Einfachheit und Anwendungsbreite ermöglichen auch den Einsatz in ressourcenschwachen Gebieten (z. B. bei der Bewertung der Wasser‐ und Lebensmittelqualität und bei der Diagnose von Krankheiten).
Step‐Growth Coordination Polymerization of 5‐Hydroxymethyl Furfural with Dihydrosilanes: Synergistic Catalysis Using Heteroscopionate Zinc Hydride and B(C6F5)3
Authors: Li Chuanyang , Wang Lingfang , Wang Meiyan , Liu Bo , Liu Xinli , Cui Dongmei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractThe utilization of 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) as a renewable feedstock for polymer synthesis has not yet been achieved as it is structurally asymmetric and contains three active functional groups. Reported here is the unprecedented step‐growth copolymerization of HMF and dihydrosilanes, through a coordination mechanism, to afford linear poly(silyl ether)s in the presence of B(C6F5)3 and the heteroscorpionate zinc hydride complex LZnH [L=(MePz)2CP(Ph)2NPh, MePz=3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl]. The adduct B(C6F5)3⋅⋅⋅H⋅⋅⋅Zn, confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations, plays a key role in the synergistic catalysis, where B(C6F5)3 activates ZnH and stabilizes the Zn+ active species, and the sterically bulky ZnH effectively inhibits (C6F5)3B from reacting with dihydrosilane to form (C6F5)3B‐H‐Si, which facilely initiates ring opening of furan. The mechanism was studied by DFT simulations.
An Antitumor Bis(N‐Heterocyclic Carbene)Platinum(II) Complex That Engages Asparagine Synthetase as an Anticancer Target
Authors: Hu Di , Yang Chen , Lok Chun‐Nam , Xing Fangrong , Lee Pui‐Yan , Fung Yi Man Eva , Jiang Haibo , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: June 2019

AbstractNew anticancer platinum(II) compounds with distinctive modes of action are appealing alternatives to combat the drug resistance and improve the efficacy of clinically used platinum chemotherapy. Herein, we describe a rare example of an antitumor PtII complex targeting a tumor‐associated protein, rather than DNA, under cellular conditions. Complex [(bis‐NHC)Pt(bt)]PF6 (1 a; Hbt=1‐(3‐hydroxybenzo[b]thiophen‐2‐yl)ethanone) overcomes cisplatin resistance in cancer cells and displays significant tumor growth inhibition in mice with higher tolerable doses compared to cisplatin. The cellular Pt species shows little association with DNA, and localizes in the cytoplasm as revealed by nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry. An unbiased thermal proteome profiling experiment identified asparagine synthetase (ASNS) as a molecular target of 1 a. Accordingly, 1 a treatment reduced the cellular asparagine levels and inhibited cancer cell proliferation, which could be reversed by asparagine supplementation. A bis‐NHC‐ligated Pt species generated from the hydrolysis of 1 a forms adducts with thiols and appears to target an active‐site cysteine of ASNS.
Kationen‐gesteuerte Bildung und Umwandlung der fac/fac‐ und mer/mer‐Stereoisomere eines dreisträngigen Helicats
Authors: Chen Xiaofei , Mevissen Christian , Huda Saskia , Göb Christian , Oppel Iris M. , Albrecht Markus 
Published: June 2019

AbstractZwei Biscatecholesterliganden mit Oligoether‐Verbrückung wurden eingesetzt, um zweikernige Triscatecholattitan(IV)‐basierte Helicate herzustellen. Im Fall von Li4[(1/2)3Ti2] wurden “klassische” Helicate mit drei intern gebundenen Li+ und einer syn‐Orientierung der Liganden in den Komplexen (fac/fac‐Isomer) erhalten. Im Fall des Natriumsalzes Na4[(2)3Ti2] wird ein andersartiges homochirales zweikerniges, dreisträngiges Helicat mit zwei internen Nariumionen gebildet. Die Komplexeinheiten sind hier anti‐konfiguriert, wobei zwei der verbrückenden Einheiten innere Positionen der Liganden im Helicat mit äußeren verknüpfen (mer/mer‐Isomer). Entfernen der Natriumkationen und Zugabe von Lithiumionen führt zum Schalten von der einen topologischen Form zur Anderen, wobei ein gestrecktes Helicat [(2)3Ti2]4− als Zwischenstufe entsteht. Das Zurückschalten zu dem “nicht‐klassischen” Helicat ist nicht möglich, da hierbei zu große strukturelle Änderungen nötig sind.