bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Hybridization Between the Green Lacewings Chrysoperla comanche (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Chrysoperla rufilabris, Predators of the Asian Citrus Psyllid
Authors: Gebiola Marco , Stouthamer Richard 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Chrysoperla comanche (Banks) and its sibling species Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister) are voracious predators of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), an invasive pest that vectors a bacterium responsible for the lethal and incurable citrus greening disease. The Comanche lacewing naturally occurs in Southern California, whereas C. rufilabris is currently one of only two commercially available green lacewing in the United States. These sister species can be separated by larval morphological traits, by differences in courtship songs, and possibly by three nuclear genes wingless, PepCK, ATPase, yet they are not distinguishable based on the mitochondrial barcode gene (COI). Releasing in a new area a biological control agent capable of hybridizing with a resident species may pose risks that range from local displacement to irreversible loss of genetic identity. Therefore, we performed no-choice laboratory crosses to assess pre- and postzygotic isolation. We show that fertile and viable hybrid progeny could be readily obtained in interspecific crosses and backcrosses and, although there is a trend toward lower hybrid fitness, postzygotic isolation is overall weak and might not prevent loss of genetic identity under natural conditions. It remains to be determined if differences in courtship songs will prevent hybridization in the wild, as shown for other green lacewings. We also report a low prevalence of Rickettsia infection in both species.
Propositional quantifiers in labelled natural deduction for normal modal logic
Authors: Pascucci Matteo 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This article concerns the treatment of propositional quantification in a framework of labelled natural deduction for modal logic developed by Basin, Matthews and Viganò. We provide a detailed analysis of a basic calculus that can be used for a proof-theoretic rendering of minimal normal multimodal systems with quantification over stable domains of propositions. Furthermore, we consider variations of the basic calculus obtained via relational theories and domain theories allowing for quantification over possibly unstable domains of propositions. The main result of the article is that fragments of the labelled calculi not exploiting reductio ad absurdum enjoy the Church–Rosser property and the strong normalization property; such result is obtained by combining Girard’s method of reducibility candidates and labelled languages of lambda calculus codifying the structure of modal proofs.
Population Genetic Structure and Breeding Pattern of Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in Malaysia
Authors: Seri Masran Siti Nor Ain , Ab Majid Abdul Hafiz 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe surge in tropical bed bug Cimex hemipterus (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) infestations has led to an increase in genomic studies. In this study, the population genetics and breeding patterns of 22 Malaysian populations were analyzed, including genetic differentiation and genetic distance. For seven microsatellite loci, the number of alleles varied from 6 to 14. The allelels per loci contrasted sharply between the overall population and within the populations. The average observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.280 and 0.828 for the overall population and 0.281 and 0.657 among the populations, respectively. Based on polymorphic information criteria, the markers with a value >0.5 were highly polymorphic. In the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, the loci of Ch 09ttn, Ch 01dn, and Ch 13dn of the overall population showed signs of a null allele. The stutter peaks caused no scoring errors; large allele dropouts were not detected for any loci; and a correlation imbalance was not indicated. The genetic differentiation among populations was moderate, with a coefficient of genetic differentiation (FST) of 0.144. The bed bug populations showed strong inbreeding, with highly positive coefficients of inbreeding (FIS). The molecular variation attributed to inbreeding was 83% within the populations, compared with 17% among the populations. The admixture individuals in STRUCTURE and neighbor-joining phylogenetic trees also indicated weak genetic structure in the geographical populations, suggesting moderate gene flows between populations. Thus, moderately active dispersion and human-mediated transport shaped the genetic structure of C. hemipterus populations in Malaysia.
Increased Biting Rate of Insecticide-Resistant Culex Mosquitoes and Community Adherence to IRS for Malaria Control in Urban Malabo, Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Fuseini Godwin , Nguema Raul Ncogo , Phiri Wonder P , Donfack Olivier Tresor , Cortes Carlos , Von Fricken Michael E , Meyers Jacob I , Kleinschmidt Immo , Garcia Guillermo A , Maas Carl , Schwabe Christopher , Slotman Michel A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Sustaining high levels of indoor residual spraying (IRS) coverage (≥85%) for community protection against malaria remains a challenge for IRS campaigns. We examined biting rates and insecticide resistance in Culex species and Anopheles gambiae s.l., and their potential effect on community adherence to IRS. The average IRS coverage in urban Malabo between 2015 and 2017 remained at 80%. Culex biting rate increased 6.0-fold (P &lt; 0.001) between 2014 and 2017, reaching 8.08 bites per person per night, whereas that of An. gambiae s.l. remained steady at around 0.68. Although An. gambiae s.l. was susceptible to carbamates and organophosphates insecticides, Culex spp. were phenotypically resistant to all four main classes of WHO-recommended IRS insecticides. Similarly, the residual activity of the organophosphate insecticide used since 2017, ACTELLIC 300CS, was 8 mo for An. gambiae s.l., but was almost absent against Culex for 2 mo post-spray. A survey conducted in 2018 within urban Malabo indicated that 77.0% of respondents related IRS as means of protection against mosquito bites, but only 3.2% knew that only Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria. Therefore, the increasing biting rates of culicines in urban Malabo, and their resistance to all IRS insecticides, is raising concern that a growing number of people may refuse to participate in IRS as result of its perceived failure in controlling mosquitoes. Although this is not yet the case on Bioko Island, communication strategies need refining to sensitize communities about the effectiveness of IRS in controlling malaria vectors in the midst of insecticide resistance in nonmalaria vector mosquitoes.
Impact of Tobacco Dependence in Risk Prediction Models for Lung Cancer Diagnoses and Deaths
Authors: Ward Ralph C , Tanner Nichole T , Silvestri Gerard A , Gebregziabher Mulugeta 
Published: March 2019

Abstract

Background
Stronger nicotine dependence is associated with greater lung cancer incidence and lung cancer death. This study investigates whether including nicotine dependence in risk prediction models for lung cancer incidence and mortality provides any important clinical benefits.

Methods
Smoking data were used from 14 123 participants in the American College of Radiology Imaging Network arm of the National Lung Screening trial. We added nicotine dependence as the primary exposure in two published lung cancer risk prediction models (Katki-Gu or PLCO-m2012) and compared four results: with no tobacco-dependence measure, with time to first cigarette, with heaviness of smoking index, and with Fagestrom test for nicotine dependence. We used a cross-validation method based on leave-one-out and compared performance using likelihood ratio tests (LRT), area under the curve, concordance, sensitivity and specificity for 1% and 2% risk thresholds, and net benefit statistics. Statistical tests were two-sided.

Results
All LRT results were statistically significant (P ≤ .0001), whereas other tests were not, except that specificity statistically significantly improved (P < .0001). Because the LRT is asymptotically more powerful for testing for prediction gain, we conclude that both models were improved on a statistical level by adding dependence measures. The other performance statistics generally indicated that such gains were likely very small. Net benefit analysis confirmed there was no apparent clinical benefit for including dependence measures.

Conclusions
Although inclusion of dependence measures may not provide a clinical benefit when added to risk prediction models, nicotine-dependence measures should nonetheless be an integral tool for patient counseling and for encouraging tobacco cessation.
Children with Disabilities
Authors: Bantekas Ilias 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 7 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The first instrument to specifically address the rights of children with disabilities was the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).The CRC recognizes four key guiding principles that permeate our understanding and construction of all pertinent rights related to children. These principles are: a) the best interests of the child (Article 3 CRC); b) respect for the views of the child (Article 12 CRC); c) the right to life, survival, and development (Article 6 CRC); and d) non-discrimination (Article 2 CRC). The CRC was also the first instrument specifically to address the rights of children with disabilities, particularly in Article 2(1) (non-discrimination) and Article 23 (general welfare for disabled children). However, Article 7 CRPD and other children-related rights in the CRPD (eg Article 23) constitute a significant improvement to Article 23 CRC.
Access to Justice
Authors: Flynn Eilionóir 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which represents the first expression of a stand-alone right to access justice in international human rights law. It explores how the drafters drew on concepts like the right to an effective remedy and the right to a fair hearing in other UN human rights treaties, to develop a unique treaty provision on access to justice for persons with disabilities in the CRPD. It further considers how this right has been interpreted by the UN Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in its Concluding Observations to date. Further, the chapter explores the extent to which the article has been interpreted and applied in domestic and regional courts. Finally, it highlights individual complaints made under the Optional Protocol concerning the interpretation of Article 13 and any references to this provision by other treaty bodies and independent mechanisms within the UN system.
Freedom from Exploitation, Violence, and Abuse
Authors: Keeling Amanda 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 16 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). That disabled people experience higher rates of exploitation, violence, and abuse is an undisputed fact. Indeed, it is a significant problem globally which requires immediate redress and, on this basis, the framing of the issue as a specific human right with detailed attendant obligations is important. Article 16 calls for an awareness that measures put in place to care for or protect disabled people can be a significant cause of the harm that they experience, and that segregation and isolation from the community allow for abuses of power by those who are supposed to be caring for disabled people. Article 16 also extends state obligations beyond the narrow purview of institutions and into a wider variety of arenas, including family relationships and private homes.
Protecting the Integrity of the Person
Authors: Seatzu Francesco 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 17 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The notion of personal integrity has attracted notable attention in international human rights law debates in recent times. It has been viewed as strategic for the realization of fundamental freedoms and rights of marginalized segments of the society, including disabled persons. The chapter considers how an ad hoc right to personal integrity has arisen from the negotiations of the CRPD, and the scope of application of the right, based on the practice of the CRPD Committee and scholarly works in the field. It examines the inter-relationship between Article 17 and other CRPD provisions to understand how the interpretation and application of this right might change in the future based on the case-law of the CRPD Committee and on academic works in this field.
Health
Authors: Weller Penelope 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 25 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which requires states to provide persons with disabilities access to health services. It includes an analysis of the interaction between Articles 25 and 12 CRPD. Article 12 is engaged by the obligation in Article 25(d) CRPD to provide medical services on the basis of free and informed consent. The principle of free and informed consent has featured in the jurisprudence of the CRPD Committee with respect to psychiatric treatment under Article 14 (liberty and security of person), Article 15 (freedom from torture or cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment) and Article 17 (physical and mental integrity). The conceptualization of informed consent in the disability context is important because voluntariness is a critical component of human interactions that might otherwise be regarded as a violation of human rights.
Adequate Standard of Living and Social Protection
Authors: Cremin Kevin 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 28 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which deals with the rights that persons with disabilities have to an adequate standard of living and to social protection. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights both recognize the right to an adequate standard of living. Similarly, Article 23 of the UDHR recognizes ‘the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection’. Evidence indicates, however, that these rights have not been effectively implemented for persons with disabilities. Article 28 aims to combat this injustice.
International Cooperation
Authors: Lord Janet E , Stein Michael Ashley 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 32 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which deals with the issue of international cooperation. The provision on international cooperation in the CRPD sprang from framework conventions in the international criminal and environmental law spheres, where such provisions are ubiquitous, rather than from prior human rights treaty practice. Article 32 was thus a highly contentious text to negotiate due to the far more limited meaning ascribed to the term ‘international cooperation’ in other international human rights instruments. Article 32 sits holistically within the CRPD framework, and is thus informed by its principles and general obligations, and should be read in conjunction with the specific, substantive rights of the remainder of the treaty. Rights and duties in the CRPD hang together; discerning the meaning of disability inclusive development cannot be achieved by examining any one provision in isolation.
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Authors: Guernsey Katherine 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 34 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), which addresses the establishment of the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the treaty monitoring body for the CRPD. Specifically, Article 34 sets forth parameters related to the general functioning of the Committee, including selection of members, the size of the Committee, terms of members, and certain of the logistical aspects of the Committee’s operations, such as adoption of rules of procedure, staffing, and facilities, as well as the status of the Committee’s members. The chapter provides an overview of the drafting history of Article 34, with analysis of the article’s specific provisions. It begins by considering the Committee’s place in the larger UN human rights system.
Signature
Authors: Bantekas Ilias 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
This chapter examines Article 42 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). Multilateral treaties such as the CRPD, which are adopted after years of negotiation, are opened for signature either to all states or only those states that participated in the negotiations and the final conference. Signature clauses are typically distinct from accession and ratification clauses given their bifurcated legal nature and distinct legal effects. Multilateral treaties undergo a three-tier process: a) negotiation/discussion; b) signature of final text and; c) ratification, which is further distinguished by the deposit of an instrument of ratification and the adoption of implementing legislation at the domestic level. Article 42 states that present Convention shall be open for signature by all states and by regional integration organizations at United Nations Headquarters in New York as of 30 March 2007. By September 2017 there were approximately 175 ratifications and twelve signatories to the CRPD.
Model checking and validity in propositional and modal inclusion logics
Authors: Hella Lauri , Kuusisto Antti , Meier Arne , Virtema Jonni 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Propositional and modal inclusion logic are formalisms that belong to the family of logics based on team semantics. This article investigates the model checking and validity problems of these logics. We identify complexity bounds for both problems, covering both lax and strict team semantics. By doing so, we come close to finalizing the programme that aims to completely classify the complexities of the basic reasoning problems for modal and propositional dependence, independence and inclusion logics.
The effects of surface fossil magnetic fields on massive star evolution: I. Magnetic field evolution, mass-loss quenching, and magnetic braking
Authors: Keszthelyi Z , Meynet G , Georgy C , Wade G A , Petit V , David-Uraz A 
Published: March 2019

Abstract
Surface magnetic fields have a strong impact on stellar mass loss and rotation and, as a consequence, on the evolution of massive stars. In this work, we study the influence of an evolving dipolar surface fossil magnetic field with an initial field strength of 4 kG on the characteristics of 15 M⊙ solar metallicity models using the Geneva stellar evolution code. Non-rotating and rotating models considering two different scenarios for internal angular momentum transport are computed, including magnetic field evolution, mass-loss quenching, and magnetic braking. Magnetic field evolution results in weakening the initially strong magnetic field; however, in our models, an observable magnetic field is still maintained as the star evolves towards the red supergiant phase. At the given initial mass of the models, mass-loss quenching is modest. Magnetic braking greatly enhances chemical element mixing if radial differential rotation is allowed for; on the other hand, the inclusion of surface magnetic fields yields a lower surface enrichment in the case of near solid-body rotation. Models including surface magnetic fields show notably different trends on the Hunter diagram (plotting nitrogen abundance versus vsin i) compared to those that do not. The magnetic models agree qualitatively with the anomalous ‘Group 2 stars’, showing slow surface rotation and high surface nitrogen enhancement on the main sequence.
Revealing the dust attenuation properties on resolved scales in NGC 628 with SWIFT UVOT data
Authors: Decleir Marjorie , De Looze Ilse , Boquien Médéric , Baes Maarten , Verstocken Sam , Calzetti Daniela , Ciesla Laure , Fritz Jacopo , Kennicutt Rob , Nersesian Angelos , Page Mathew 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Understanding how dust attenuation laws vary between and within galaxies is a key question if we want to reliably measure the physical properties of galaxies at both global and local scales. To shed new light on this question, we present a detailed study of the slope and bump strength of the attenuation law in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 628 at the resolved spatial scale of 325 pc. To do so, we have modelled a broad multiwavelength data set from the ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared (IR) with the state-of-the-art SED fitting code cigale, including SWIFT UVOT data for which we have developed a new optimized reduction pipeline. We find that the median dust attenuation curve of NGC 628 is fairly steep, but not as steep as the SMC curve, and has a sub-MW-type UV bump. We observe intriguing variations within the galaxy, with regions of high AV exhibiting a shallower attenuation curve. We argue that the flattening of the curve is due to a dominance of absorption over scattering events at higher AV. No trend between the bump strength and the IRAC 8.0 $\mu$m emission was found. However, this does not necessarily rule out polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as the main contributors to the UV bump.
A new hard X-ray-selected sample of extreme high-energy peaked BL Lac objects and their TeV gamma-ray properties
Authors: Foffano L , Prandini E , Franceschini A , Paiano S 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Extreme high-energy peaked BL Lac objects (EHBLs) are an emerging class of blazars with exceptional spectral properties. The non-thermal emission of the relativistic jet peaks in the spectral energy distribution (SED) plot with the synchrotron emission in X-rays and with the gamma-ray emission in the TeV range or above. These high photon energies may represent a challenge for the standard modelling of these sources. They are important for the implications on the indirect measurements of the extragalactic background light, the intergalactic magnetic field estimate, and the possible origin of extragalactic high-energy neutrinos. In this paper, we perform a comparative study of the multiwavelength spectra of 32 EHBL objects detected by the Swift-BAT telescope in the hard X-ray band and by the Fermi-LAT telescope in the high-energy gamma-ray band. The source sample presents uniform spectral properties in the broad-band SEDs, except for the TeV gamma-ray band where an interesting bimodality seems to emerge. This suggests that the EHBL class is not homogeneous, and a possible subclassification of the EHBLs may be unveiled. Furthermore, in order to increase the number of EHBLs and settle their statistics, we discuss the potential detectability of the 14 currently TeV gamma-ray undetected sources in our sample by the Cherenkov telescopes.