bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru PPKN SMP Dalam Melaksanakan Penilaian Autentik Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013
Authors: Komarudin Komarudin , Sarkadi Sarkadi , Alkhudri Ahmad Tarmiji 
Published: February 2019

Abstract
Authentic assessment has a strong relevance to the scientific approach to learning that is in accordance with the demands of the 2013 Curriculum. Its existence is very important for teachers to understand. However, in reality there are still teachers who do not understand authentic assessment as an important part of the implementation of the 2013 curriculum. Therefore, it is very important to do community service activities about authentic assessment, especially for PPKn subject teachers at the Junior High School level in Indramayu Regency. The form of P2M activities in the form of workshops with problem solving methods rests on cooperative inquiry. The target audience is 45 PPKn teachers at the Junior High School level in Indramayu Regency. The results of P2M activities showed an increase (1) participants' understanding of the basic concepts of authentic assessment with a score (84) after the workshop and (93) after online mentoring; (2) Understanding of authentic assessment according to the 2013 curriculum with the value of (87) after the workshop and (90) after online assistance; (3) the ability to identify the types and authentic assessment instruments with a value (84) after the workshop and (90) after online assistance; (4) development of instruments, authentic assessment rubrics (80) after workshops and (86) after online mentoring.

Abstrak
Penilaian authentik memiliki relevansi kuat terhadap pendekatan ilmiah dalam pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan tuntutan Kurikulum 2013. Keberadaannya sangat penting dipahami oleh para guru. Namun, dalam kenyataannya masih terdapat guru yang belum memahami penilaian autentik sebagai bagian penting dari implementasi kurikulum 2013. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat tentang penilaian autentik, khususnya bagi guru mata pelajaran PPKn Tingkat SMP di Kabupaten Indramayu. Bentuk kegiatan P2M berupa workshop dengan metode pemecahan masalah bertumpu pada cooperative inquiry. Khalayak sasaran adalah guru PPKn Tingkat SMP di Kabupaten Indramayu sebanyak 45 orang. Hasil kegiatan P2M menunjukkan peningkatan (1) pemahaman peserta mengenai konsep dasar penilaian autentik dengan nilai (84) sesudah workshop dan (93) sesudah pendampingan online; (2) Pemahaman penilaian autentik menurut kurikulum 2013 dengan nilai (87) sesudah workshop dan (90) sesudah pendampingan online; (3) kemampuan mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis dan instrumen penilaian autentik dengan nilai (84) sesudah workshop dan (90) sesudah pendampingan online; (4) pengembangan instrumen, rubrik penilaian autentik (80) sesudah workshop dan (86) sesudah pendampingan online.
GERMINATION OF PENSTEMON SEED USING SEED SCARIFICATION AND SEED STRATIFICATION
Authors: Lindgren Dale T. 
Published: February 2019

Penstemon, a U.S. native plant/wildflower, is increasing in use as a landscape plant. Penstemon species are commonly propagated by seeds. However, species vary greatly in percent seed germination,Seeds from eight sources of Penstemon germplasm were given cold moist stratification periods of either 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 weeks. One-half of the seed for each treatment was scarified with sandpaper. The study was repeated twice, once in 1989 and once in 1990.Seed germination varied with species, and with the length of stratification. Greatest germination occurred at the 6, 8 and 10 week periods and the lowest germination occurred with no stratification. There were also differences between species in percent germination, Average percent germination was highest for P. gracilis and lowest for P. haydenii There was a significant species × stratification interaction, Seed scarification did not influence germination as much as seed stratification in these studies
IN VITRO EMBRYOGENESIS DERIVED FROM LEAF CALLUS OF `TIFFANY' ROSE
Authors: Arif Mahmoud B. , Khatamian Houchang 
Published: February 2019

Friable callus from leaf disks of Rosa hybrida `Tiffany' was initiated within two weeks under dark conditions and 25°C on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 4 mg.liter-1 2,4-D. Callus was then transferred into MS medium containing 3 mg.liter-1 2,4-D. Within four weeks, rhizogenesis occurred on the callus surface.The rhizogenic calllus was subculture on MS medium plus 3 mg.liter-1 2,4-D every 4-6 weeks. Within six months from initial culture, somatic embryos were developed on the aging callus in darkness.Transfer of the aging callus with somatic embryos into 1/2 MS medium containing 1 mg.liter-1 kinetin and maintaining it under 46 μE m-2s-1 light for 16 hrs. resulted in greening of the somatic embryos.
THE USE OF CHITOSAN COATING TO EXTEND THE STORAGE-LIFE OF TOMATO FRUITS.
Authors: El Ghaouth Ahmed , Ponnampalam Rathy , Arul Joseph 
Published: February 2019

The effect of chitosan coating on the respiration rate, ethylene production and quality attributes of tomatoes stored at 20°C under high humidity-regular atmosphere was investigated. Chitosan coating reduced significantly the respiration rate and ethylene production of tomatoes, with a greater effect at higher concentration. In addition coating modified the internal microatmoaphere of fruits. Furthermore, coated fruits were firmer, higher in titratable acidity, less decayed and their change in color proceeded at a slower rate than the control.In conclusion chitosan coating delayed senescence and prolonged storage life of tomatoes, without affecting their market quality by acting as diffusion barrier for gases.
EFFECT OF SODIUM CHLORIDE ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND WATER RELATIONS OF REDBUD
Authors: Aiello Anthony S. , Joly Robert J. 
Published: February 2019

Redbud (Cercis canadensis) is known to be very susceptible to injury by road de-icing salts. The purpose of these experiments was to measure the effects of sodium chloride on net CO2 assimilation (A), conductance (g), transpiration (E), and leaf area expansion (LAE) of hydroponically grown redbud seedlings. Eight week-old seedlings were exposed to 0, 4500, and 9000ppm NaCl in the hydroponic growth solution. A, g, E, and LAE were measured for seven consecutive days during treatment application.A, g, E, an LAE all decreased with increased salt stress. By the seventh day, growth in NaCl at 4500 and 9000 ppm resulted in reductions in A from that that of the control by 34% and 63%, respectively. For the medium treatment, g and E had decreased by 70% over control rates, and by 85% over control for the high treatment. For the 0, 4500, and 9000ppm treatments, total leaf area increased by 68%, 46% and 28%, respectively, over the seven days of the experiment.Further experiments will examine the effect of treatments on whole plant transpiration, water potential and osmotic potential and will measure the ability of seedlings to recover from treatments of various duration.
SALT STRESS INHIBITS ARGININE BIOSYNTHESIS IN TEPARY BEAN (PHASEOLUSA CUTIFOLIUS)
Authors: Lazcano-Ferrat Ignacio , Lovatt Carol J. 
Published: February 2019

Two lines of tepary bean, PI 321-638 and PI 319-443, were salinized at age 7 days with Shive's nutrient solution plus 60 mM NaCl-CaCl2 in a 2:1 molar ratio. Salt was added at the rate of 1/3 the final concentration every other day. The osmotic potential of the salinizing solution was -0.33 MPa. Fifteen days of salt treatment reduced plant growth 45% and inhibited the incorporation of NaH14CO3 into the combined pool of arginine plus urea 60 and 85% for the two lines, respectively. The salt sensitive step in the arginine biosynthetic pathway was identified as carbamylphosphate synthetase in both lines, Incorporation of [14C]citrulline and [14C]carbamylphosphate plus ornithine were not inhibited by the salt treatment, but the incorporation of NaH14CO3 remained inhibited even in the presence of added ornithine (10 mM). Inhibition at carbamylphosphate synthetase was confirmed by demonstration that the incorporation of NaH14CO3 into UMP was also inhibited by salt stress. Evidence is provided suggesting that reduced availability of ornithine additionally compromised both arginine and pyrimidine biosynthesis during salt stress.Supported by the Citrus Research Center and Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of California, Riverside.
ASEXUAL PROPAGATION OF `DESERT MUSEUM' HYBRID PALO VERDE AND MESQUITE SPECIES UNDER INTERMITTENT MIST
Authors: Hagen Randall H. , Palzkill David A. 
Published: February 2019

The `Desert Museum' hybrid between the Blue, Foothills, and Mexican palo verdes has been well received by the public. However, it has remained unavailable due to difficulties in asexual propagation. Studies were conducted on effects of IBA cone. (0 to 10,000 ppm), cutting position along the stem, size of cutting, season, and temperature of the medium.For `Desert Museum', basal cuttings of slightly hardened new stem growth rooted much better than apical cuttings. Best rooting for apical cuttings was 79% using IBA from 2,500-5,000 ppm. Basal cuttings averaged 95% rooting and showed no response to IBA. Rooting of cuttings taken in September declined to 10% for apical and 2170 for basal cuttings averaged over all IBA levels. Six other species or hybrids of Cercidium and Parkinsonia and five of Prosopis were also rooted.
APPLE FRUIT CUTICULAR WAX INFLUENCE ON FLYSPECK, SOOTY BLOTCH, AND RUSSETING
Authors: Belding Robert D. , Young Eric 
Published: February 2019

Fruit from six cultivars of mature apple trees were evaluated for cuticular wax characteristics. Incidence of flyspeck, sooty blotch and russet was compared to the wax component of the cuticle. Three cultivars of Golden Delicious: Sundale Spur, Pure Gold, and Lys Golden; and three cultivars of Red Delicious: Starkspur Supreme, Oregon I, and Starkrimson, were examined.Incidence of flyspeck on Golden Delicious apples was negatively correlated to cuticular wax per unit area. Sooty blotch appearance was greater on Golden Delicious fruit as compared to Red Delicious. Incidence of sooty blotch was positively correlated to cuticular wax weight per unit area among the cultivars of Red Delicious. Russeting was negatively correlated to wax weight per unit area for the Red Delicious cultivars. Wax compositional analysis will also be discussed.
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION TREATMENTS AND TIME OF FOLIAR-APPLIED UREA ON YIELD OF NAVEL ORANGE (CITRUS SINENSIS L. OSBECK)
Authors: Ali Anwar G. , Lovatt Carol J. 
Published: February 2019

This study investigated the effect of irrigation treatments and time of foliar applications of low-biuret urea on yield of 30-yr-old navel orange trees grown under optimal N fertilization. The experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of California, Riverside, using split plot design with 12 replications. The two irrigation treatments were the mainplots and the urea applications were the subplots. Irrigation was withheld from one set of trees from October to March, the other set was irrigated according to commercial practice. Foliar-urea (0.17 kg/tree) was applied in November, December, January, or February.The results of the first year showed no significant differences between irrigation treatments with regard to total fruit weight or total number of fruit per tree, All trees receiving urea had significantly higher fruit weight and fruit number per tree than the control trees. The specific time of urea application had no significant effect.With respect to fruit size distribution, the irrigated treatment resulted in a significantly higher number of fruit of size 7.0-8.0 cm (box sizes 88-72). Generally, the non-irrigatd trees had more fruit of size 6.0 cm or less. No interaction between irrigation treatments and foliar urea sprays was observed.
COMPARISON OF LOW VOLUME DRIP AND SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEMS.
Authors: Blom Theo J. , Piott Brian D. 
Published: February 2019

Low volume drip (2 l/h) was compared with 2 subirrigation ('trough' and `ebb and flo') systems for production of poinsettias and chrysanthemums in 15 cm diameter (1.6 l) `azalea' pots. Irrigation frequency as well as fertilizer rates were the same for all systems. The drip system received 280 ml per watering.Two plantings of poinsettias (fall) as well as two plantings of chrysanthemums (spring and summer) showed no differences in plant growth between the drip and the subirrigation systems. Water uptake by the medium was similar for all irrigation systems, but water and fertilizer application was 70% higher for the drip system. Nutrients, measured at 4 depths within the pot at monthly intervals, increased with time and was markedly more concentrated in the top layer, regardless of the irrigation system.
SCREENING VEGETABLE SOYBEAN CULTIVARS FOR SEED YIELD EFFICIENCY AND CORN EARWORM RESISTANCE
Authors: Thompson Herbert , Joshi J.M. , Dadson R.B. , Nobaht M. 
Published: February 2019

Vegetable Soybean Cultivars belonging to MG III thru V were evaluated for their Seed Yield Efficiency (SYE) and Resistance to Heliothis Zea.This study was conducted in 1968 and 1969. Each entry was planted in a single row plot. Each plot was 5.0 m long and 0.75 m apart in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications.. All entries were evaluated for Seed Yield Efficiency by computing the ratio of seed dry matter wt. to non-seed dry matter wt. and their resistance as the percentage of damage pods.Preliminary data indicated that cultivars kim and Oakland (MG III), Kingston and Jefferson (MG IV), Pershing and PI 416.467 (MG V) were very high in SYE while Fuji (MG III), Sanga (MG IV) and PI 417.266 (MG V) were observed to have high level of resistance to Heliothis Zea.We hope that these cultivars could be used as parents for the development of Breeding Program in Vegetable Soybean.
GROWTH ENHANCEMENT OF PHOTINIA × FRASERI WITH FOLIAR APPLICATIONS OF GROWTH REGULATORS
Authors: Owings Allen D. , Newman Steven E. 
Published: February 2019

The action of foliar-applied uniconazole, paclobutrazol, dikegulac-sodium, ancymidol, 6-BA, GA4+7, and 6-BA + GA4+7 On container–grown Photinia × fraseri was studied over a one year period. Vegetative growth habit was evaluated at three month intervals. Shoot dry weight and histological examination of stern anatomy in the apical meristematic region was conducted at experiment termination.Several plant growth regulators, primarily uniconazole, 6-BA, 6-BA + GA4+7, and dikegulac-sodium, stimulated lateral branching. Linear increases in lateral branching occurred as application rates increased. High application rates of uniconazole and paclobutrazol created an asymmetrical growth habit and decreased dry weight accumulation.
GROWTH, YIELD, QUALITY, AND INSECT CONTROL OF CABBAGE AS INFLUENCED BY FLOATING ROW COVERS, MULCH, AND COLOR
Authors: Harrison Helen C. 
Published: February 2019

This 1988–1990 field study was designed to: evaluate the effectiveness of wide width floating row covers (covers remained over the crops the entire growing season), polyethylene mulch, and mulch color--red, green, and black--on the growth, yield, quality, insect, and weed control for red (`Red Danish') and green (`Resistant Danish') cabbage cultivars. Insect control treatments included Agronet floating row covers, periodic sprays with dipel, and no insect control. Subplots for weed control were: PPI Treflan and black, green, and red polyethylene mulch. Sub–subplots were red and green cabbage cultivars. Annual rye grass was utilized as a living mulch between the polyethene strips.One of the purposes of this research was to perfect a pesticide-free system for small-scale vegetable production. Preliminary results indicate few color effects but do show that cabbage can be grown under row covers the entire growing season. However, the covers can become brittle after 2 months of exposure to sunlight. Significant cultivar differences for insect and disease resistance were observed.
PHYLLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF PRUNUS SPECIES IN THE AMYGDALUS SUBGENUS.
Authors: Chaparro Jose X. , Sederoff Ronald R. , Werner Dennis J. 
Published: February 2019

Total cellular DNA has been extracted from leaves and\or seed of Prunus dulcis, P. persica, P. mira, P. davidiana, P. persica subsp. ferganensis, and P. triloba. Chloroplast restriction fragments have been visualized by Southern blot analysis using heterologous probes from a petunia chloroplast library. Analysis of preliminary data separates the species into three groups. The first contains P. dulcis, P. mira, and P. davidiana; the second P. kansuensis, P. persica, and P. persica subsp. ferganensis; and the third P. triloba.PCR amplification using oligos for cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase yields genomic fragments approximately 1kb in size from P. dulcis and P. triloba. Sequence analysis will be performed to determine species relationships at the gene level.
EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST IRRIGATION CUTOFF DURATION ON FRENCH PRUNE TREE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Sibbett G. S. , Goldhamer D. , Southwick S. , Phene R.C. , Yeager J. , Katayama D. 
Published: February 2019

Variable lengths of water deprivation immediately prior to harvest were imposed on mature French prune trees for four consecutive years. Irrigation cutoff durations were about 45, 37, 30, 22, 17 and 12 days prior to harvest during 1986-89.Predawn leaf water potential best reflected water deprivation length and reached minimum values of about -1.5 MPa with the most severe cutoff. Magnitude of peak stomatal conductance was reduced and occurred earlier in the day with longer cutoff regimes.Rate and time-course development of preharvest fruit drop was variable from year-to-year, but there were no significant differences in total drop between cutoff treatments. Only in the fourth year, following three years of no difference were tree fruit load and yield significantly reduced but then only with the most severe cutoff. Soluble solids were higher and drying ratios lower with the longer cutoffs. Fruit size was significantly reduced in the third year of the experiment. Trunk circumferences were significantly lower only with trees subjected to the longer cutoff regimes.
IMPACT OF SALINITY ON IRRIGATED MACADAMIA PRODUCTION
Authors: Bittenbender H.C. , Hue N.V. 
Published: February 2019

Many areas in Hawaii with potential for growing macadamia lack sufficient rainfall. Ground water in these areas is generally brackish due to sea water intrusion. An experiment was started in 1984 to determine the response of young macadamia trees cv. `Kau' (HAES 344) Macadamia integrifolia to salinity under field irrigated conditions. Treatments were rain only, freshwater, 500 and 1200 ppm salt as diluted sea water to simulate the ground water conditions.Until mid 1989 trees were irrigated twice weekly to supply 100% ET (evapotranspiration) of the previous week based on a class A pan. No differences were detected among treatments on yield, trunk diameter, soil and tissue nutrient composition except trees in the rain only treatment less yield and trunk growth. Irrigation treatments were modified in mid 1989 to rain only, and twice weekly fresh water, 1200 and 2400 ppm salt at 50 and 75%. ET. Effect on yield, trunk diameter, soil and tissue nutrient composition in the 1989-90 season will be reported.
Saturated Buffers: What Is Their Potential Impact across the US Midwest?
Authors: Chandrasoma Janith M. , Christianson Reid D. , Christianson Laura E. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
Saturated buffers can help achieve regional water quality goals.
Roughly 75,520 km of US Midwest stream banks could host a saturated buffer.
248,000 to 360,000 saturated buffers could be implemented across the Midwest.
Saturated buffers could potentially treat 3.85 million ha of Midwest drained land.
Wide implementation could result in a 5–10% overall tile drainage N load reduction.
Because saturated buffers are a new conservation practice, there has been no large‐scale assessment of their potential to aid in meeting water quality goals. Publicly available data were used in a stepwise fashion within a geographic information system to estimate the total stream length suitable for saturated buffer implementation across the US Midwest region and the resulting potential nitrate loading reduction from widespread saturated buffer implementation. Approximately 37,760 km of streams (or 75,520 km of stream bank) was deemed suitable to host a saturated buffer, and 3.85 million ha of drained land has the potential to drain to a saturated buffer. These results suggest that implementing saturated buffers widely could result in a 5 to 10% reduction of the estimated N load from midwestern tile‐drained land. Saturated buffers can be an important component of plans to achieve water quality goals.
Impact of Late‐Season Herbicide Applications on Winter Canola Yield and Seed Quality
Authors: Bodnar Victor R. , Lofton Josh , Manuchehri Misha R. , Zander Anna D. 
Published: February 2019

Core Ideas
The application of glyphosate during early reproductive growth resulted in significant declines in yield.
Decreased yields with late‐season herbicides were associated with an increased number of aborted pods; however, this may not be the only factor contributing to the yield decline.
Seed oil content followed the same general trend as grain yield, with decreased oil yields when glyphosate was applied during early reproductive growth.
In canola (Brassica napus L.), control of grassy weeds can typically be achieved in the fall or spring with timely herbicide applications. However, environmental conditions can delay these applications into canola reproductive growth stages, which have an unknown effect on canola productivity. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the impact of late‐season herbicide applications on canola grain yields and seed quality. The impact of three herbicides (glyphosate [N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine], clethodim [(E)‐2‐[1‐[[3‐chloro‐2‐propenyl)oxy]imino]propyl]5=[2‐(ethylthio)propyl]‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one], and quizalofop‐P‐ethyl [Ethyl(R)‐2‐[4‐(6‐chloroquinoxalin‐2‐yloxy)‐phenoxy]propionate]) and three applications timings (bolting, early flower, and mid‐flower) were investigated on winter canola from 2015 through 2018 in Perkins and Stillwater, OK. Grain yields and pod abortion were collected at maturity. Subsamples of harvested seed were collected from each plot and used for oil analysis. When averaged across years, the application of glyphosate at bolting and early flower resulted in yield decreases of 531 and 488 kg ha–1 compared with the nontreated control. Yield following the application of clethodim at early flower resulted in a 185 kg ha–1 (2017) and 280 (2018) kg ha–1 decrease in yields compared with the control. Although yield decreases were observed following a few treatments, a significant increase in pod abortion was noted following many herbicide treatments, indicating that pod abortion was not the only factor contributing to yield declines. Decreases in oil content were only found following glyphosate applications at bolting and early flower. These results indicate that late‐season herbicide applications, especially glyphosate, should be avoided in winter canola.