bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive opacity and the analysis of faith: acts of faith interiorized through a glass only darkly
Authors: MCKAUGHAN DANIEL J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIn conversation with Morgan (2015), I point out that the view ofrelational faithI have elsewhere defended (McKaughan 2013, 2016, 2017) fits rather well with the understanding ofpististhat emerges from Morgan's careful reading of New Testament texts. Moreover, the fact that New Testament authors display little interest in examining interior aspects of faith makes it difficult to justify the claim that their understanding of thepistislexiconrequiresbelieving in the modern sense as the attitude Christians must take towards relevant content, in contrast to various other positive but non-doxastic attitudes that philosophers recognize today. Such faith is of contemporary interest, given its congruity with early Christian tradition, the role it can play in helping relationships to persevere through various kinds of challenges (including doubts significant enough to preclude believing), and for the wide range of evidential circumstances in which it can be enacted with intellectual integrity.
Aortopexy and thymectomy through lower partial sternotomy for the treatment of airway compression in a patient with right lung agenesis
Authors: Lim Jae H. , Kwak Jae G. , Lee Ji-Hyun 
Published: October 2018

AbstractWe managed a case of extrinsic airway compression by adjacent structures in a 1-month-old boy with right lung agenesis and dextro-rotated heart using anterior aortopexy and near total thymectomy.
The extinct tree fern Tempskya Corda from the Albian of Spain: palaeophytogeographical and palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Sender Luis M. , Nishida Harufumi , Diez José B. 
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACTNew evidence of the extinct tree fern of the genus Tempskya Corda from Albian deposits in western Eurasia (northeastern Spain) is presented. These plant fossil remains consist of several silicified false trunks measuring up to 1.20m long, some of which still preserve the apex. Rhizomes and petioles are more abundant in the apical zone of the false trunk. Some false trunks preserve charcoalified tissues that can be interpreted as evidence that palaeo-wildfires affected the false trunks several times from mostly the same direction. Sedimentological evidence suggests that the fern habitat was close to coastal, tidally influenced environments. These new fossils from the Albian of Spain fill the chronological and distributional gap of Tempskya that existed in Eurasia during the Early Cretaceous. Temporal and spatial changes in Tempskya distributions are proposed on several palaeogeographical maps.
The Joint Contribution of Motivation and Coping to Prisoners’ Well-Being
Authors: Ávila María , Sanjuán Pilar 
Published: October 2018

AbstractMotivation and coping are two of the most relevant factors associated to well-being. One of our objectives was to describe the motivation to pursue the personal goals, the coping strategies used to pursue them, and the levels of well-being experienced, in a group of people serving prison sentences (n = 175: 143 males and 32 females). We mainly wanted to study the joint contribution of motivation and coping on their well-being. The results have shown that motivation and coping contribute to the different dimensions of well-being. Specifically, we have found that autonomous motivation (AM) as well as problem solving (PS) and positive cognitive restructuring (PCR) coping positively predict self-acceptance (β = .12, p = .06; β = .17, p < .05; β = .24, p < .01 respectively), purpose in life (β = .12, p = .06; β = .35, p < .001 and β = .24, p < .001 respectively) and positive affect (β = .13, p = .06; β = .29, p < .001 and β = .28, p < .001 respectively). Personal growth was positively predicted by AM (β = .21, p < .01) and PCR coping (β = .21, p < .01), and negatively by avoidance coping (β = –.16, p < .05). Negative affect was positively predicted by social support (β = .16, p < .05) and avoidance (β = .42, p < .001) coping. None of the variables analyzed predicted life satisfaction. The results suggest that well-being promotion programs in prison settings should encourage the pursuit of goals by AM and the use of PS and PCR coping to achieve these goals.
Groundwater Depletion and Associated CO2 Emissions in India
Authors: Mishra Vimal , Asoka Akarsh , Vatta Kamal , Lall Upmanu 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIndia, the world's largest groundwater user, withdraws about 230‐billion‐m3 groundwater annually for irrigation. Excessive groundwater pumping in India leads to rapid groundwater depletion and CO2 emissions. Here using multiple data sources (observation wells and Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment) to estimate groundwater depletion in India, as well as the associated chemistry and the pumping energy requirements, we provide the first estimate of the potential CO2 emissions due to bicarbonate extraction (CO2 release due to lowering of groundwater table) and groundwater pumping. We show that combined annual CO2 release due to bicarbonate extraction and pumping in India is approximately 32.01–131.74 million tons (31.29–131.02 million tons for pumping and 0.72 million tons for bicarbonate). The total estimated groundwater depletion in India is in the range of 122 to 199 billion m3 from the observation wells (1996–2016) and Gravity Recovery Climate Experiment (2002–2016). The CO2 emissions due to bicarbonate (~0.72 million tons/year) are dominated by those due to groundwater pumping (31.29–131.02 million tons/year) in India. However, the total (pumping and bicarbonate) estimated annual CO2 emission from groundwater is less than 2–7% of the total (annual) CO2 emission from India. Based on our unique data set collected from more than 500 farmers in Punjab, we show that a low‐cost intervention for irrigation scheduling based on soil moisture information can provide a sustainable solution by reducing groundwater pumping and CO2 emissions. The environmental problem of groundwater depletion in India is much more serious than the associated CO2 emissions, and hence, there is an urgent need for a regulation of groundwater use.
On the Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Upwelling Over the Four Ladies Bank in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica
Authors: Liu Chengyan , Wang Zhaomin , Cheng Chen , Wu Yang , Xia Ruibin , Li Bingrui , Li Xiang 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnalyses of hydrographic observation data sets revealed that modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) tends to flood the western flank (73–78°E, 67–68°S) of the Four Ladies Bank (FLB) in Prydz Bay. In this study, we investigated the mechanism responsible for mCDW upwelling over the FLB based on an eddy‐resolving coupled ocean‐sea ice‐ice shelf model in conjunction with the latest high‐accuracy bathymetry. It was found that zonal step‐like declines in the seabed over the FLB are crucial for the mCDW onshore upwelling, through topographic dynamic effects on the alongshore Antarctic Slope Current. In the presence of meridional cross‐shelf σθ isopycnals, warm mCDW at ~500‐m depth in the deep sea can make its approach to the shallower continental shelf (~200‐ to 500‐m depths), characterized as a warm layer (> −1.8 °C) bounded by the cross‐shelf σθ isopycnal surfaces of 27.5 and 27.7 kg/m3. The simulated outflow of the Prydz Bay gyre is concentrated to the eastern flank of the Prydz Channel. These results suggest that, in addition to the depressions and troughs around the Antarctic, smaller topographic features such as step‐like declines in the seabed near the Antarctic Slope Current are also favorable for onshore mCDW intrusion. This study demonstrates that mCDW onshore transport around the Antarctic continental shelf might be significantly underestimated by numerical models with coarse spatial representations of the topography.
A Detailed Model of the Irish High Voltage Power Network for Simulating GICs
Authors: Blake Seán P. , Gallagher Peter T. , Campanyà Joan , Hogg Colin , Beggan Ciarán D. , Thomson Alan W. P. , Richardson Gemma S. , Bell David 
Published: October 2018

AbstractConstructing a power network model for geomagnetically induced current (GIC) calculations requires information on the DC resistances of elements within a network. This information is often not known, and power network models are simplified as a result, with assumptions used for network element resistances. Ireland's relatively small, isolated network presents an opportunity to model a complete power network in detail, using as much real‐world information as possible. A complete model of the Irish 400, 275, 220, and 110 kV network was made for GIC calculations, with detailed information on the number, type, and DC resistances of transformers. The measured grounding resistances at a number of substations were also included in the model, which represents a considerable improvement on previous models of the Irish power network for GIC calculations. Sensitivity tests were performed to show how calculated GIC amplitudes are affected by different aspects of the model. These tests investigated: (1) How the orientation of a uniform electric field affects GICs. (2) The effect of including/omitting lower voltage elements of the power network. (3) How the substation grounding resistances assumptions affected GIC values. It was found that changing the grounding resistance value had a considerable effect on calculated GICs at some substations and no discernible effect at others. Finally, five recent geomagnetic storm events were simulated in the network. It was found that heavy rainfall prior to the 26–28 August 2015 geomagnetic storm event may have had a measurable impact on measured GIC amplitudes at a 400/220 kV transformer ground.
Assessment of Current Capabilities in Modeling the Ionospheric Climatology for Space Weather Applications: foF2 and hmF2
Authors: Tsagouri Ioanna , Goncharenko Larisa , Shim Ja Soon , Belehaki Anna , Buresova Dalia , Kuznetsova Maria M. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractThis paper presents preliminary results of a metrics‐based assessment of current modeling capabilities in predicting the ionospheric climatology for two ionospheric characteristics, the foF2 and hmF2. This work is part of the activities of the Ionosphere Working Group of the International Forum for Space Weather Modeling Capabilities Assessment that is facilitated by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center. The results are based on the comparison between modeled and observed monthly medians of the foF2 and hmF2. Modeling formulations considered here include two empirical models (the International Reference Ionosphere [IRI] and Massachusetts Institute of Technology [MIT] Empirical model), as well as two physics‐based, coupled ionosphere‐thermosphere models (the Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics [CTIPe] and Thermosphere‐Ionosphere‐Electrodynamics General Circulation Model [TIE‐GCM]). The comparisons were carried out in year 2012 over seven ionospheric locations distributed worldwide in the Northern Hemisphere. Based on our findings, although significant errors are occasionally obtained from all modeling approaches, empirical models tend to provide systematically better correlation with the observed medians and follow the observed distributions more successfully, offering smaller prediction errors than the physics‐based ones. In case of foF2, the averaged prediction accuracy in terms of root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) ranges around 1.5 MHz for physics‐based models and 0.5 MHz for empirical models. In case of hmF2, it ranges around 30 and 20 km, respectively. The prediction accuracy presents strong seasonal and local time dependence, which differs for different models and ionospheric characteristics (i.e., foF2 or hmF2): it is strong for physics‐based models, weaker for IRI, and very weak for MIT empirical model. This latter outcome may provide suggestive input for future improvements.
Alterations in sperm long RNA contribute to the epigenetic inheritance of the effects of postnatal trauma
Authors: Gapp K. , van Steenwyk G. , Germain P. L. , Matsushima W. , Rudolph K. L. M. , Manuella F. , Roszkowski M. , Vernaz G. , Ghosh T. , Pelczar P. , Mansuy I. M. , Miska E. A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractPsychiatric diseases have a strong heritable component known to not be restricted to DNA sequence-based genetic inheritance alone but to also involve epigenetic factors in germ cells. Initial evidence suggested that sperm RNA is causally linked to the transmission of symptoms induced by traumatic experiences. Here, we show that alterations in long RNA in sperm contribute to the inheritance of specific trauma symptoms. Injection of long RNA fraction from sperm of males exposed to postnatal trauma recapitulates the effects on food intake, glucose response to insulin and risk-taking in adulthood whereas the small RNA fraction alters body weight and behavioural despair. Alterations in long RNA are maintained after fertilization, suggesting a direct link between sperm and embryo RNA.
Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation route of administration on gut colonization and host response in preterm pigs
Authors: Brunse Anders , Martin Lena , Rasmussen Torben Sølbeck , Christensen Lars , Skovsted Cilieborg Malene , Wiese Maria , Khakimov Bekzod , Pieper Robert , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Sangild Per Torp , Thymann Thomas 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
This study examined gut colonization patterns and host responses to fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) by different administration routes after preterm birth. In two separate experiments, cesarean-delivered, preterm pigs were administered combined oral + rectal, or exclusively rectal donor feces, and compared with saline controls. After 5 days, stomach and colon bacterial compositions were determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and organic acid metabolites measured. Further, gut pathology, mucosa bacterial adherence, and goblet cell density were assessed. FMT increased the relative abundance of obligate anaerobes in the colon without affecting total bacterial load. Bacteroides colonized recipients despite low abundance in the donor feces, whereas highly abundant Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae did not. Further, FMT changed carbohydrate metabolism from lactate to propionate production thereby increasing colonic pH. Besides, FMT preserved goblet cell mucin stores and reduced necrotizing enterocolitis incidence. Only rectal FMT increased the stomach-to-colon pH gradient and resistance to mucosa bacterial adhesion. Conversely, oral + rectal FMT increased bacterial adhesion, internal organ colonization, and overall mortality. Our results uncovered distinctions in bacterial colonization patterns along the gastrointestinal tract, as well as host tolerability between oral and rectal FMT administration in preterm newborns. Besides, FMT showed the potential to prevent necrotizing enterocolitis.
A globally distributed Syndiniales parasite dominates the Southern Ocean micro-eukaryote community near the sea-ice edge
Authors: Clarke Laurence J , Bestley Sophie , Bissett Andrew , Deagle Bruce E 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Syndiniales (Dinophyceae, Alveolata) are a diverse parasitic group common in all marine environments, but their ecological role remains poorly understood. Here we show an unprecedented dominance of a single Syndiniales group I operational taxonomic unit (OTU) across 3000 km of Southern Ocean transects near the sea-ice edge. This super-abundant OTU consistently represented &gt;20%, and in some locations &gt;50%, of eukaryote 18S rDNA sequences. Identical 18S V4 sequences have been isolated from seven Northern Hemisphere locations, and the OTU’s putative V9 rDNA sequence was detected at every station of the global Tara Oceans voyage. Although Syndiniales taxa display some host specificity, our identification of candidate Southern Ocean hosts suggests this OTU associates with distinct phyla in different parts of the world. Our results indicate Syndiniales are key players in surface waters near the vast and dynamic sea-ice edge in the world’s most biologically productive ocean.
Autism, early psychosis, and social anxiety disorder: understanding the role of social cognition and its relationship to disability in young adults with disorders characterized by social impairments
Authors: Pepper K. L. , Demetriou E. A. , Park S. H. , Song Y. C. , Hickie I. B. , Cacciotti-Saija C. , Langdon R. , Piguet O. , Kumfor F. , Thomas E. E. , Guastella A. J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractImpairments in social cognition are believed contribute to disability, particularly for disorders characterized by difficulties in social interaction. There has been little transdiagnostic investigation of this across social cognition domains in young adults. A total of 199 young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; N = 53), early psychosis (EP; N = 51), and social anxiety disorder (SAD; N = 64) were compared against neurotypical controls (NT; N = 31) on a battery of lower and higher-order and self-report social cognition measures. For both ASD and EP, participants showed impaired performance on all lower-order emotion recognition tasks and one higher-order social cognition test. Self-reports of empathy were reduced in all clinical groups and particularly in ASD. For SAD, despite showing no objective social cognition impairment, self-reported empathy was reduced to the same level as EP. Discriminant analysis revealed that self-reported empathy and lower-order emotion recognition tests provide best capacity to differentiate groups. Regressions predicting disability revealed depression as the strongest predictor across all disability measures. Empathy provided additional predictive value for social disability and social interaction anxiety. Overall, results support a similar social-cognitive development profile across ASD and EP. While self-reported empathy differentiated between groups, discrepancy between objective social cognition test performance and self-reported empathy in the SAD group suggests probable threat-related self-monitoring report biases that likely further influence all group outcomes. As depression and empathy were the most important predictors of disability, regardless of diagnostic group, research is required to explore targeted interventions for difficulties in these domains to reduce disability.
TRPV4 and KRAS and FGFR1 gain-of-function mutations drive giant cell lesions of the jaw
Authors: Gomes Carolina Cavalieri , Gayden Tenzin , Bajic Andrea , Harraz Osama F. , Pratt Jonathan , Nikbakht Hamid , Bareke Eric , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Castro Wagner Henriques , St-Onge Pascal , Sinnett Daniel , Han HyeRim , Rivera Barbara , Mikael Leonie G. , De Jay Nicolas , Kleinman Claudia L. , Valera Elvis Terci , Bassenden Angelia V. , Berghuis Albert M. , Majewski Jacek , Nelson Mark T. , Gomez Ricardo Santiago , Jabado Nada 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGiant cell lesions of the jaw (GCLJ) are debilitating tumors of unknown origin with limited available therapies. Here, we analyze 58 sporadic samples using next generation or targeted sequencing and report somatic, heterozygous, gain-of-function mutations inKRAS, FGFR1, and p.M713V/I-TRPV4in 72% (42/58) of GCLJ.TRPV4p.M713V/I mutations are exclusive to central GCLJ and occur at a critical position adjacent to the cation permeable pore of the channel. Expression of TRPV4 mutants in HEK293 cells leads to increased cell death, as well as increased constitutive and stimulated channel activity, both of which can be prevented using TRPV4 antagonists. Furthermore, these mutations induce sustained activation of ERK1/2, indicating that their effects converge with that ofKRASandFGFR1mutations on the activation of the MAPK pathway in GCLJ. Our data extend the spectrum of TRPV4 channelopathies and provide rationale for the use of TRPV4 and RAS/MAPK antagonists at the bedside in GCLJ.
Microfluidic-spinning construction of black-phosphorus-hybrid microfibres for non-woven fabrics toward a high energy density flexible supercapacitor
Authors: Wu Xingjiang , Xu Yijun , Hu Ying , Wu Guan , Cheng Hengyang , Yu Qiang , Zhang Kai , Chen Wei , Chen Su 
Published: October 2018

AbstractFlexible supercapacitors have recently attracted intense interest. However, achieving high energy density via practical materials and synthetic techniques is a major challenge. Here, we develop a hetero-structured material made of black phosphorous that is chemically bridged with carbon nanotubes. Using a microfluidic-spinning technique, the hybrid black phosphorous–carbon nanotubes are further assembled into non-woven fibre fabrics that deliver high performance as supercapacitor electrodes. The flexible supercapacitor exhibits high energy density (96.5 mW h cm−3), large volumetric capacitance (308.7 F cm−3), long cycle stability and durability upon deformation. The key to performance lies in the open two-dimensional structure of the black phosphorous/carbon nanotubes, plentiful channels (pores <1 nm), enhanced conduction, and mechanical stability as well as fast ion transport and ion flooding. Benefiting from this design, high-energy flexible supercapacitors can power various electronics (e.g., light emitting diodes, smart watches and displays). Such designs may guide the development of next-generation wearable electronics.
Non-equilibrium anisotropic colloidal single crystal growth with DNA
Authors: Seo Soyoung E. , Girard Martin , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAnisotropic colloidal crystals are materials with novel optical and electronic properties. However, experimental observations of colloidal single crystals have been limited to relatively isotropic habits. Here, we show DNA-mediated crystallization of two types of nanoparticles with different hydrodynamic radii that form highly anisotropic, hexagonal prism microcrystals with AB2 crystallographic symmetry. The DNA directs the nanoparticles to assemble into a non-equilibrium crystal shape that is enclosed by the highest surface energy facets (AB2(10$$\overline 1$$

1

¯

0) and AB2(0001)). Simulations and theoretical arguments show that this observation is a consequence of large energy barriers between different terminations of the AB2(10$$\overline 1$$

1

¯

0) facet, which results in a significant deceleration of the (10$$\overline 1$$

1

¯

0) facet growth rate. In addition to reporting a hexagonal colloidal crystal habit, this work introduces a potentially general plane multiplicity mechanism for growing non-equilibrium crystal shapes, an advance that will be useful for designing colloidal crystal habits with important applications in both optics and photocatalysis.
Reciprocal inhibition of YAP/TAZ and NF-κB regulates osteoarthritic cartilage degradation
Authors: Deng Yujie , Lu Jinqiu , Li Wenling , Wu Ailing , Zhang Xu , Tong Wenxue , Ho Kiwai Kevin , Qin Ling , Song Hai , Mak Kinglun Kingston 
Published: October 2018

AbstractOsteoarthritis is one of the leading causes of pain and disability in the aged population due to articular cartilage damage. This warrants investigation of signaling mechanisms that could protect cartilage from degeneration and degradation. Here we show in a murine model of experimental osteoarthritis that YAP activation by transgenic overexpression or by deletion of its upstream inhibitory kinases Mst1/2 preserves articular cartilage integrity, whereas deletion of YAP in chondrocytes promotes cartilage disruption. Our work shows that YAP is both necessary and sufficient for the maintenance of cartilage homeostasis in osteoarthritis. Mechanistically, inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα or IL-1β, trigger YAP/TAZ degradation through TAK1-mediated phosphorylation. Furthermore, YAP directly interacts with TAK1 and attenuates NF-κB signaling by inhibiting substrate accessibility of TAK1. Our study establishes a reciprocal antagonism between Hippo-YAP/TAZ and NF-κB signaling in regulating the induction of matrix-degrading enzyme expression and cartilage degradation during osteoarthritis pathogenesis.