bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Vitamin B12 Requirements in a Patient With Pernicious Anemia and Thyrotoxicosis: Evidence of an Increased Need for Vitamin B12 in the Presence of Hyperthyroidism
Authors: ALPERIN JACK B. , HAGGARD MARY E. , HAYNIE THOMAS P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The response to small doses of vitamin B12 was studied in a woman with pernicious anemia and thyrotoxicosis. No response to 1 µg. per day occurred, but she did respond to 10 µg. per day. Fourteen months later when she was euthyroid, the patient did respond to 1 µg. per day. In another study, serum vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in a group of patients with hyperthyroidism than in a group of normal subjects. Seventeen of 20 patients with hyperthyroidism exhibited significantly higher serum vitamin B12 levels 5-8 months after becoming euthyroid. The results of these studies provide evidence for increased vitamin B12 requirements in the presence of hyperthyroidism. The greater need for vitamin B12 appears to be related to increased utilization and/or accelerated turnover imposed by increased metabolism.
Clinical Review: Iron Depletion Without Anemia: A Controversial Subject
Authors: VERLOOP M. C. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Iron depletion is considered to be present when staining of bone marrow fragments for hemosiderin gives a negative result; anemia may be absent in that case. Several other methods of investigation which can render iron depletion probable are discussed. Iron depletion without anemia, especially in infants and women, seems to be quite common in affluent societies such as exist in North America and Western Europe. In these cases it is often transient, as is illustrated with some examples. It is also shown that in males who have been gastrectomized usually no anemia arises although iron depletion frequently develops. Women with iron depletion in the reproductive age, however, run a rather great risk of developing irondeficiency anemia because of menstrual blood loss and pregnancies. In iron depletion without anemia, a decrease of iron-containing enzymes has been found in some tissues; it has not been demonstrated, however, that this decrease has any pathological significance. Neither has it been shown that iron depletion as such causes clinical symptoms. Until now no practical methods have been developed to artificially enrich food elements satisfactorily with iron. At present the best way to prevent iron-deficiency anemia in women, particularly in pregnancy, seems to be to strive for a well-balanced diet with an adequate amount of iron-rich constituents. In pregnancy, however, regular controls of the blood picture remain necessary to ensure early diagnosis and adequate treatment of anemia.
Stem Cell Migration and Proliferation During Severe Anemia
Authors: RENCRICCA NICHOLAS J. , RIZZOLI VITTORIO , HOWARD DONALD , DUFFY PETER , STOHLMAN FREDERICK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The pluripotential stem cell (CFU) compartment of marrow and spleen was evaluated in mice subjected to an intense erythroid stimulus associated with phenylhydrazine-induced anemia. Erythroid hyperplasia occurred in both marrow and spleen. CFU in the marrow gradually declined to approximately 50 per cent of control levels (day 5) while their numbers in the spleen increased (fourfold) by day 3 and were maintained at this level for several days. These changes in numbers of marrow and splenic CFU were not associated with CFU proliferation. Thereafter, CFU in the marrow, but not in the spleen, entered active cell cycle. The data suggest that CFU migrate from marrow to spleen during the demands of severe anemia. The induction of marrow CFU into cycle further suggests a negative feedback, which, perhaps through cell-cell interaction, maintains stem cells at a critical compartment size. The failure of splenic CFU to cycle may reflect the converse effect, i.e. an inhibition on stem cell proliferation in the wake of an expanded stem cell pool.
Colony Growth of Human Peripheral White Blood Cells In Vitro
Authors: KURNICK JOHN E. , ROBINSON WILLIAM A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Peripheral blood from normal humans and patients with circulating atypical mononuclear cells have been studied for their ability to form granulocytic colonies in vitro in the agar-gel method of hematopoietic cell culture. WBC from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia failed to proliferate. Normal human white blood cells gave rise to 0.5-8 colonies per 1 x 106 cells plated, while peripheral blood containing large mononuclear cells gave rise to 15 to 120 colonies per 1 x 106 cells plated, depending upon the number of such cells plated. Colonies averaged 500 cells in size by day 20 of culture and appeared to be granulocytic.
The Kinetics of the Normal, the Megaloblastic and the Sideroachrestic Erythropoiesis Estimated by Colchicine Blocking In Vitro
Authors: BOLL I. T. M. , KOENIGS H.-P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
By adding colchicine to bone marrow cultures we developed further parameters for kinetics in normal, megaloblastic and sideroachrestic bone marrow. The increased regeneration in megalopoiesis is demonstrated by an increased mitotic index, an increased stathmokinetic index, a shortened cell doubling time and the prolongation of the divisable pool to the oxyphile erythroblasts which only mature in the normal state. To get ineffective erythropoiesis, the maturation in vivo must have been delayed by an increased number of generations up to the formation of megalocytes. From the stathmokinetic test in vitro, the maturation in megalopoiesis is accelerated as a result of the inhibition of α-2 α-divisions. In normal erythropoiesis stopping mitoses by colchicine probably causes a delayed maturation because the next maturation stage cannot be reached without the regular n-2n-division. In sideroachrestic anemia, the maturation behaves normally but the stathmokinetic test is very high. We conclude that the maturation and mode of division in sideroachrestic anemia is nearly normal.
Electron and Light Microscopic Study of the Erythroblasts of Patients With Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia
Authors: HEIMPEL HERMANN , FORTEZA-VILA JERONIMO , QUEISSER WOLFGANG , SPIERTZ EGON 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The morphological changes of erythroblasts in congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I have been analyzed by light and electron microscopy. The results support our earlier assumption, that this hereditary disorder of erythropoiesis is a disease entity and is not identical with any of the previously described hereditary hematological diseases. Characteristic morphological aberrations consist of widening of nuclear membrane pores, condensation, vacuolization and disintegration of the nuclear chromatin, structural changes of the nucleolus, appearance of myelin figures, and final autolysis of the cells. All changes are restricted to erythroblastic cells beyond the stage of the proerythroblast. The biochemical basis of this abnormality is not known. It leads to severe ineffective erythropoiesis with anemia, increased total hemoglobin turnover, and secondary hemochromatosis.
Reutilization of Thymidine in Various Groups of Rat Bone Marrow Cells
Authors: HEINIGER H. J. , FEINENDEGEN L. E. , BüRKI K. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thymidine reutilization was studied in single cells of the rat bone marrow. Using 3H-TdR in parallel with 125I-UdR in conjunction with the autoradiographic technique, cells of the erythrocytic series, the megakaryocytic group, and the lymphoid cells were analyzed. Reutilization of thymidine was observed only in those cells known to synthesize DNA. An estimate of the amounts of the thymidine reutilized by the salvage pathway indicated that approximately 40-60 per cent of the thymidine in the blast cells is supplied from DNA of dead cells. This value is similar to that reported previously for whole bone marrow cell populations, suggesting the presence of a common thymidine pool within the bone marrow.
Suppression of an Antibody to Factor VIII by a Combination of Factor VIII and Cyclophosphamide
Authors: GREEN DAVID 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A 54-year-old woman with a 20-year history of generalized, severe psoriasis presented with diffuse ecchymoses, melena, and vaginal bleeding. The whole blood clotting time was 59 minutes and the plasma factor VIII concentration was less than 1 per cent of normal. Incubation of the patient’s plasma with cryoprecipitate containing one unit of factor VIII resulted in the rapid disappearance of factor VIII activity from the mixture. The major antifactor VIII activity of the patient’s plasma was associated with an immunoglobulin of the IgG class. The patient was initially treated with a combination of methotrexate, azathioprine, and cyclophosphamide. No improvement occurred, and after 6 weeks of therapy the drugs were discontinued. Eight months later, she presented with an expanding sublingual hematoma. Bleeding was controlled by the rapid administration of 10,000 units of factor VIII, and an intravenous dose of cyclophosphamide given concurrently resulted in a prompt decline in antibody titer. Factor VIII levels subsequently became normal and have remained normal during 7 months of follow-up observation.
Transmission of Toxoplasmosis by Leukocyte Transfusion
Authors: SIEGEL STUART E. , LUNDE MILFORD N. , GELDERMAN ALBERT H. , HALTERMAN ROGER H. , BROWN JAMES A. , LEVINE ARTHUR S. , GRAW ROBERT G. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Four patients with acute leukemia developed toxoplasmosis following leukocyte transfusions from donors with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Serologic data, obtained from the donors retrospectively, revealed elevated antitoxoplasma antibody titers, suggesting that the transfused leukocytes were the source of the organism in the recipients.
The Hydrogen Peroxide Fragility Test and Serum Tocopherol Level in Anemias of Various Etiologies
Authors: MELHORN DAVID K. , GROSS SAMUEL , LAKE GORDON A. , LEU JAMES A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Increased in vitro erythrocyte sensitivity to the hemolytic effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the H2O2 fragility test has been widely associated with vitamin E deficiency. In the present study, H2O2 red cell fragility was abnormally elevated in many types of acquired and congenital anemias in children who were tocopherol sufficient. In addition to abnormal red cell H2O2 sensitivity known to occur in vitro in conditions involving defects in cellular devices for disposal of peroxides, it is likely that a wide variety of erythrocyte dysfunctions result in increased in vitro H2O2 hemolysis even in situations where the usually adequate mechanisms for peroxide detoxification are present.
Patterns of Proliferation and Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells After Compartment Depletion
Authors: CHERVENICK PAUL A. , BOGGS DANE R. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The time of onset and rate of self-replication in the irradiation depleted pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell compartment of mice was measured by a split-dose irradiation method. Mice were irradiated to reduce the compartment size and at daily intervals thereafter were again irradiated; 10 days after the second irradiation the number of endogenous spleen colonies was determined. As irradiation interval was lengthened, colonies increased in an exponential fashion with no apparent lag interval after the first irradiation. The doubling time of the colony-forming cell compartment was calculated as 16 hr if severely reduced in size by 300 R or more but was slower if less irradiation was given. The time of resumption of erythropoiesis following irradiation was measured after 100-900 R by determining uptake of radioactive iron into marrow, spleen, and circulating red cells each day after irradiation. With 200 R or less, erythropoiesis was not abolished. With higher doses there was an interval of no apparent erythropoiesis which increased by 1.6 days for each increment of 100 R. These results are compatible with a pluripotential stem cell compartment, which (1) begins self replication almost immediately following compartment size reduction, and (2) will not differentiate if reduced in size below approximately 10% of normal.
Pure Red Cell Aplasia and Carcinoma
Authors: MITCHELL A. B. S. , PINN G. , PEGRUM G. D. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A patient presented with pure red cell aplasia, which responded to corticosteroids. Thirteen months later, a malignant pleural effusion developed, with subsequent death from adenocarcinomatosis. The reports of cases in which pure red cell aplasia has been associated with carcinomata are reviewed. An autoimmune mechanism can be postulated in these circumstances, and the complete response to corticosteroids in the present case would support this hypothesis.
Homozygous Delta-Thalassemia First Discovered in Japanese Family With Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin
Authors: OHTA YOSHIRO , YAMAOKA KOTARO , SUMIDA IKUO , FUJITA SHIGERU , FUJIMURA TOSHIHIRO , YANASE TOSHIYUKI 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
A family with δ-thalassemia has been discovered, in which five members are thought to be δ-thalassemia homozygotes with complete deficiency of Hb A2, and three members are probably heterozygotes with low levels of Hb A2 (1.2-1.6%). In four members among these, persistence of fetal hemoglobin of Swiss type was observed. The formal genetics of these two entities was discussed. The proposita showed first thalassemia-like stigmata with iron deficiency anemia, but after iron therapy administered over 2 months, the stigmata disappeared. All the other members of the family were free from clinical symptoms with normal morphology, MCH, and osmotic fragility of the red cells.
Increased Permeability of Erythrocyte Membrane in Thalassemia
Authors: CIVIDALLI GABRIEL , LOCKER HILA , RUSSELL ALEX 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Increased sodium efflux is demonstrated in vitro in thalassemic red blood cells (and in those of patients with some other hemolytic conditions). This increase, in the presence of either normal or augmented sodium accumulation, must reflect an increased sodium leak into the cells. In vivo, the intracellular content of sodium and potassium is nearly normal. In vitro, however, thalassemia major RBC incubated for 24 hr undergo increased sodium gain, with somewhat more potassium loss. The resultant loss of cations presumably leads to intracellular dehydration. The converse obtains in hereditary spherocytosis, insofar as a sodium gain greater than the potassium loss leads to accumulation of water. It is concluded that increased permeability of the erythrocyte membrane often reflects an underlying hemolytic process. It is postulated that inability to maintain a normal composition of cations and water plays a part in the pathogenesis of hemolysis in thalassemia.
Leukocyte Labeling With 51Chromium. II. Leukocyte Kinetics in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia
Authors: SCOTT JAMES L. , MCMILLAN ROBERT , DAVIDSON J. GARY , MARINO JOSEPH V. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Sequential or simultaneous leukocyte kinetic studies using radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate and radiochromate (51Cr) yielded similar or identical blood leukocyte disappearance curves in seven patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML). Body surface 51Cr counting regularly showed a rise in the spleen counting rate during the first hours after infusions of granulocyte populations of mixed maturity. Epinephrine-induced leukocytosis was associated with a fall in the spleen counting rate, lesser decreases over the liver and marrow, rises in the heart and lung counting rates, and an unchanged blood leukocyte disappearance curve. These changes are consistent with the mobilization by epinephrine of a marginal granulocyte pool (MGP), which is largely localized in the spleen and is in equilibrium with the circulating pool. Immature CML granulocyte fractions were cleared from the blood more rapidly than mixed cell populations. The immature cells failed to equilibrate with the splenic MGP, and instead accumulated in the marrow and later recirculated into the blood as mature cells. These findings indicate that the delayed and variably contoured blood granulocyte disappearance curves found in CML are composites resulting from the recirculation of immature granulocytes in the presence of an enlarged total blood pool of mature cells.
The Effect of Imidazole on Human Platelet Aggregation
Authors: DAVIS JAMES W. , PHILLIPS PHYLLIS E. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Since imidazole buffers have been used in platelet function tests and the compound has been reported to alter several biochemical activities of platelets, it seemed important to determine whether imidazole influenced platelet aggregation. ADP-induced, collagen-induced, and norepinephrine-induced platelet aggregations were tested in platelet-rich plasma by turbidimetric techniques. Glass bead-induced platelet aggregation in whole blood was tested by a method dependent upon platelet counts. Imidazole, in concentrations of 5mM or less, inhibited aggregation induced by each of these four agents and had negligible effect on the pH of platelet-rich plasma. The second phase of both ADP- and norepinephrine-induced aggregation was inhibited or abolished by imidazole, and 5mM imidazole also inhibited the first phase of norepinephrine-induced aggregation. As little as 0.5 mM imidazole inhibited collagen-induced aggregation in some plasmas. Imidazole appears to be unsuitable for use as a buffer in platelet function tests.
Monocytic Vitamin B12-binding Protein
Authors: CARMEL RALPH , COLTMAN CHARLES A. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Monocytic Vitamin B12-binding Protein, by Carmel and Coltman (Blood: No. 3, March, 360-366, 1971), Table 2, columns 2 and 3, the electrophoretic mobility of both monocyte and granulocyte binders should read α and not α1.
Red Cell Production in the Mouse Following Treatment With Vinblastine
Authors: TWENTYMAN P. R. , BLACKETT N. M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Dose response and time response curves have been obtained for the action of vinblastine on the repopulating cells and on the maturing erythroid cells of the mouse. VLB leads to a complete elimination of 59Fe uptake at 2 days but an overshoot to above normal levels at 5 days. The overshoot is due to an elevated reticulocyte count, and red cell production is normal at this time. The repopulating cells are much less sensitive to VLB than the maturing precursors. VLB has only little effect on numbers of bone marrow reticulocytes but reduces their rate of incorporation of iron.
Hematologic and Cytogenetic Remission of Blastic Transformation in Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia
Authors: CANELLOS GEORGE P. , DEVITA VINCENT T. , WHANG-PENG JACQUELINE , CARBONE PAUL P. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty patients in the blastic phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia were treated with a combination of vincristine, 2.0 mg/sq m weekly, and prednisone, 60 mg/sq m orally each day. Remission was achieved in nine patients (30%), six of whom had a complete remission, and three had a good partial remission. The survival of responding patients was significantly improved over the nonresponders. Cytogenetic studies were performed on all patients in the chronic phase of the disease, and in 28 during the blastic phase. All were Philadelphia chromosome-positive throughout their course. Aneuploidy developed in 68% of the patients entering the blastic phase. Complete hematologic remission was accompanied by disappearance of aneuploid blast cell lines in the five patients in which they were detected, with return of the chromosomal constitution to that which characterized the chronic phase of their disease. Hypodiploidy in blastic transformation of CGL appeared to predict for a favorable response to vincristine and prednisone. Subsequent relapse of the disease in previously remitted patients was associated with further degrees of aneuploidy, suggesting clonal evolution of a resistant cell line.
Antibody to Transcobalamin II and B12 Binding Capacity in Patients Treated With Hydroxocobalamin
Authors: SKOUBY ARNE P. , HIPPE ERIK , OLESEN HENRIK 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Thirty-two patients treated for B12 deficiency with one or two initial depot series of five i.m. injections of 1 mg hydroxocobalamin on alternate days followed by i.m. injection of 1 mg hydroxocobalamin every third month for maintenance therapy were examined after more than 2 yr of treatment. Antibody to TC II demonstrable after agar gel electrophoresis was detected in 5 of 12 patients given two depot series 1-3 mo apart, while antibody to TC II detectable only after the more sensitive immunoelectrophoresis occurred in 2 of 20 patients given one initial depot series or two series 6 or 12 mo apart. No anti-TC II was observed in serum from untreated patients with pernicious anemia.
Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis
Authors: TRUBOWITZ SIDNEY , MASEK BERTHA , FRASCA JULIO M. 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis, by Trubowitz, Masek, and Frasca Blood: No. 3, September, 288-298, 1971) on page 295, Fig. 8 should read Fig. 9; Fig. 9 should read Fig. 8.
A Study of Aplastic Anemia in an Autopsy Series With Special Reference to Atomic Bomb Survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Authors: KIRSHBAUM JACK D. , MATSUO TAKESHI , SATO KAZUO , ICHIMARU MICHITO , TSUCHIMOTO TAISO , ISHIMARU TORANOSUKE 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
In A Study of Aplastic Anemia in an Autopsy Series With Special Reference to Atomic Bomb Survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, by Kirshbaum et al. (Blood: No. 1, July, 17-26, 1971) page 21, Table 5, the top part of the table under the heading should read as follows:
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Thrombocytopathia Due to Abnormalities in Platelet Release Reaction—Studies on Six Unrelated Patients
Authors: Weiss Harvey J. , Rogers John 
Published: October 2019

Abstract
The prolonged bleeding time in six unrelated patients ages 24-63, was attributed to impaired platelet aggregation; this could be accounted for by the decreased release of platelet adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that was obtained in all patients. As a consequence of this "platelet release abnormality," collagen-induced platelet aggregation was impaired, the second wave of epinephrine-induced aggregation was decreased (although not invariably absent), and the normal initial wave of ADP-induced aggregation was followed by rapid disaggregation at 37°C. In four patients, the abnormality in collagen-induced aggregation and ADP release appeared to be different than the defect produced by aspirin, whereas two patients appeared to have an "aspirinlike defect." The platelets of all patients adhered normally to connective tissue fibers but were poorly retained in glass bead filters. Other abnormalities included impaired kaolin-induced platelet factor 3 availability in four patients, large platelets (which aggregated normally with bovine fibrinogen) in two, and small platelets in one patient. The general term thrombocytopathia is suggested to describe abnormalities in platelet function; where a specific defect in the release reaction has been demonstrated, "platelet release abnormality" is suggested as an appropriate, specific term.