bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Forever Landscaping and Design, Inc.: how an entrepreneur grew his business
Authors: Bumpus Minnette A. , Floyd Nikita 
Published: September 2019

Theoretical basis
The case should be introduced after students have been exposed to the following topics: the practice of entrepreneurship, opportunity recognition, market segmentation and minority business enterprise.

Research methodology
The names of the companies and individuals in this descriptive case have not been disguised, with the exception of the solar company representative and his company affiliation. Information was obtained from interviews (i.e. first-hand accounts) with Nikita Floyd, President and Owner of Green Forever Landscaping and Design, Inc., and secondary sources cited.

Case overview/synopsis
Nikita, a 50-year old, African American male, had grown his business from a one-person seasonal landscaping business to a year-round landscaping and design business with full-time, part-time, and seasonal employees and an array of services and customer segments. To his delight, he was able to unite his avocation with his vocation. With over 30 years of experience in landscaping and landscape design Nikita was always scanning the landscape for new business opportunities that would align with his company’s mission statement and help sustain Green Forever’s core business.

Complexity academic level
This case is most appropriate for introductory undergraduate and graduate level courses in entrepreneurship.
Criteria for selection of current or voltage source converter in shunt active power filter structure
Authors: Zafari Ali , Firoozian Mohammad , Fazeli Abelouei Seyyed Jafar , Azadi Hematabadi Ahmad 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Votage source converter (VSC) based or current source converter (CSC) based shunt active power filter (SAPF)? It is the main question in harmonic elimination project using SAPF.This paper presents some criteria based on which the designer can decide which type of filter is more suitable for implementation of the project according to the nature and characteristics of the project.

Design/methodology/approach
Owing to the importance of cost and power losses criteria, relevant equations will be formulated and comparative analysis will be carried out between conventional structures based on CSC or VSC. For validation of analyses, simulation results have been studied in the MATLAB–SIMULINK environment.

Findings
Simulation results have examined two important criteria of power losses and costs. Although the results show the superiority of VSSAPF to CSSAPF in both criteria, this comparison is performed in a general and conventional condition. Using third-order filters of inductive-capacitive-inductive (LCL) type in VSSAPF, using insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) with reverse-voltage blocking ability in CSSAPF, which eliminates the need to use series diodes, and the use of superconducting technology in the DC-side endpoint in CSSAPF, not only reduce the difference of cost and losses in two schemes but also may lead to the lower costs and losses in CSSAPF than VSSAPF.

Originality/value
This paper is the result of many years working on active power filter and can be useful for engineers who are engaged in industrial projects.
Primary surgical management of anterior pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review, network meta‐analysis and cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Slade E , Daly C , Mavranezouli I , Dias S , Kearney R , Hasler E , Carter P , Mahoney C , Macbeth F , Delgado Nunes V 
Published: September 2019

BackgroundAnterior compartment prolapse is the most common pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with a range of surgical treatment options available.ObjectivesTo compare the clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of surgical treatments for the repair of anterior POP.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of randomised controlled trials comparing surgical treatments for women with POP. Network meta‐analysis was possible for anterior POP, same‐site recurrence outcome. A Markov model was used to compare the cost–utility of surgical treatments for the primary repair of anterior POP from a UK National Health Service perspective.Main resultsWe identified 27 eligible trials for the network meta‐analysis involving eight surgical treatments tested on 3194 women. Synthetic mesh was the most effective in preventing recurrence at the same site. There was no evidence to suggest a difference between synthetic non‐absorbable mesh, synthetic partially absorbable mesh, and biological mesh. The cost–utility analysis, which incorporated effectiveness, complications and cost data, found non‐mesh repair to have the highest probability of being cost‐effective. The conclusions were robust to model inputs including effectiveness, costs and utility values.ConclusionsAnterior colporrhaphy augmented with mesh appeared to be cost‐ineffective in women requiring primary repair of anterior POP. There is a need for further research on long‐term effectiveness and the safety of mesh products to establish their relative cost‐effectiveness with a greater certainty.Tweetable abstractNew study finds mesh cost‐ineffective in women with anterior pelvic organ prolapse.
Noninvasive, Nondestructive Measurement of Tomato Concentrate Spoilage in Large‐Volume Aseptic Packages
Authors: Martin Michele N. , Balcom Bruce J. , McCarthy Michael J. , Augustine Matthew P. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractLow frequency nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is used to noninvasively and nondestructively detect spoiled tomato concentrate stored in >200 L metal‐lined containers. It is shown that longitudinal and transverse NMR relaxation times change as the tomato concentrate spoils. A rapid, viscosity‐dependent spoilage detection method that takes advantage of the inherent inhomogeneity in single‐sided NMR instruments is proposed. Here, the effective transverse magnetization decay rate is used as a parameter to determine tomato concentrate spoilage. Three different low frequency, single‐sided NMR instruments are described and compared to determine the optimum sensor for spoiled tomato concentrate detection in large‐format, metal‐lined, aseptic containers. The most effective NMR sensor for this application is temperature stable and has large magnetic field gradients and a homogeneous magnetic field region offset >0.5 cm from the magnet surface.Practical ApplicationThis manuscript describes a noninvasive and nondestructive tomato concentrate spoilage detector for application to large‐format, sealed, commercial storage bins.
An adaptive independence test for microbiome community data
Authors: Song Yaru , Zhao Hongyu , Wang Tao 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAdvances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics tools have vastly improved our ability to collect and analyze data from complex microbial communities. A major goal of microbiome studies is to correlate the overall microbiome composition with clinical or environmental variables. La Rosa et al. recently proposed a parametric test for comparing microbiome populations between two or more groups of subjects. However, this method is not applicable for testing the association between the community composition and a continuous variable. Although multivariate nonparametric methods based on permutations are widely used in ecology studies, they lack interpretability and can be inefficient for analyzing microbiome data. We consider the problem of testing for independence between the microbial community composition and a continuous or many‐valued variable. By partitioning the range of the variable into a few slices, we formulate the problem as a problem of comparing multiple groups of microbiome samples, with each group indexed by a slice. To model multivariate and over‐dispersed count data, we use the Dirichlet‐multinomial distribution. We propose an adaptive likelihood‐ratio test by learning a good partition or slicing scheme from the data. A dynamic programming algorithm is developed for numerical optimization. We demonstrate the superiority of the proposed test by numerically comparing it with that of La Rosa et al. and other popular approaches on the same topic including PERMANOVA, the distance covariance test, and the microbiome regression‐based kernel association test. We further apply it to test the association of gut microbiome with age in three geographically distinct populations and show how the learned partition facilitates differential abundance analysis.
Recent advances in amniote palaeocolour reconstruction and a framework for future research
Authors: Roy Arindam , Pittman Michael , Saitta Evan T. , Kaye Thomas G. , Xu Xing 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACTPreserved melanin pigments have been discovered in fossilised integumentary appendages of several amniote lineages (fishes, frogs, snakes, marine reptiles, non‐avialan dinosaurs, birds, and mammals) excavated from lagerstätten across the globe. Melanisation is a leading factor in organic integument preservation in these fossils. Melanin in extant vertebrates is typically stored in rod‐ to sphere‐shaped, lysosome‐derived, membrane‐bound vesicles called melanosomes. Black, dark brown, and grey colours are produced by eumelanin, and reddish‐brown colours are produced by phaeomelanin. Specific morphotypes and nanostructural arrangements of melanosomes and their relation to the keratin matrix in integumentary appendages create the so‐called 'structural colours'. Reconstruction of colour patterns in ancient animals has opened an exciting new avenue for studying their life, behaviour and ecology. Modern relationships between the shape, arrangement, and size of avian melanosomes, melanin chemistry, and feather colour have been applied to reconstruct the hues and colour patterns of isolated feathers and plumages of the dinosaurs Anchiornis, Sinosauropteryx, and Microraptor in seminal papers that initiated the field of palaeocolour reconstruction. Since then, further research has identified countershading camouflage patterns, and informed subsequent predictions on the ecology and behaviour of these extinct animals. However, palaeocolour reconstruction remains a nascent field, and current approaches have considerable potential for further refinement, standardisation, and expansion. This includes detailed study of non‐melanic pigments that might be preserved in fossilised integuments. A common issue among existing palaeocolour studies is the lack of contextualisation of different lines of evidence and the wide variety of techniques currently employed. To that end, this review focused on fossil amniotes: (i) produces an overarching framework that appropriately reconstructs palaeocolour by accounting for the chemical signatures of various pigments, morphology and local arrangement of pigment‐bearing vesicles, pigment concentration, macroscopic colour patterns, and taphonomy; (ii) provides background context for the evolution of colour‐producing mechanisms; and (iii) encourages future efforts in palaeocolour reconstructions particularly of less‐studied groups such as non‐dinosaur archosaurs and non‐archosaur amniotes.
Electroencephalographic seizures in critically ill children: Management and adverse events
Authors: Fung France W. , Jacobwitz Marin , Vala Lisa , Parikh Darshana , Donnelly Maureen , Xiao Rui , Topjian Alexis A. , Abend Nicholas S. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectiveGuidelines recommend that encephalopathic critically ill children undergo continuous electroencephalographic (CEEG) monitoring for electrographic seizure (ES) identification and management. However, limited data exist on antiseizure medication (ASM) safety for ES treatment in critically ill children.MethodsWe performed a single‐center prospective observational study of encephalopathic critically ill children undergoing CEEG. Clinical and EEG features and ASM utilization patterns were evaluated. We determined the incidence, types, and risk factors for adverse events associated with ASM administration.ResultsA total of 472 consecutive critically ill children undergoing CEEG were enrolled. ES occurred in 131 children (28%). Clinicians administered ASM to 108 children with ES (82%). ES terminated after the initial ASM in 38% of patients who received one ASM, after the second ASM in 35% of patients who received two ASMs, after the third ASM in 50% of patients who received three ASMs, and after the fourth ASM in 53% of patients who received four ASMs. Thirty patients (28%) received anesthetic infusions for ES management. Adverse events occurred in 18 patients (17%). Adverse effects were expected and resolved in all patients, and they were generally serious (in 15 patients) and definitely related (in 12 patients). Adverse events were rare in patients with acute symptomatic seizures requiring only one to two ASMs for treatment, but were more common in children with epilepsy, ictal‐interictal continuum EEG patterns, or patients requiring more extensive ASM management.SignificanceES ceased after one ASM in only 38% of critically ill children but ceased after two ASMs in 73% of critically ill children. Thus, ES management was often accomplished with readily available medications, but optimization of multistep ES management strategies might be beneficial. Adverse events were rare and manageable in children with acute symptomatic seizures requiring only one to two ASMs for treatment. Future studies are needed to determine whether management of acute symptomatic ES improves neurobehavioral outcomes.
Heterogeneity of birth‐state effects on internal migration
Authors: Gallagher Ryan M. , Persky Joseph 
Published: September 2019

AbstractWorking in a discrete location choice framework, we develop a model of migration that allows the identification of heterogeneity in state‐of‐birth effects across states. We employ a novel method for using aggregate data to estimate the role of birth state on migration choices. This approach reveals considerable heterogeneity and some regional clustering in birth‐state inertia effects across states, with strong attachments in California, the Southwest, and the upper Midwest. The weakest attachments are in the mountain states and New York.
On the Time Inconsistency of Optimal Monetary and Fiscal Policies with Many Consumer Goods*
Authors: Domínguez Begoña , Gomis‐Porqueras Pedro 
Published: September 2019

AbstractIn this paper, we study the time consistency of optimal policies in an environment where agents use cash to purchase many consumer goods and where those goods might be taxed at differential rates. Our main result is that optimal monetary and fiscal policies are, in general, time‐inconsistent, because the number of bond instruments is insufficient to influence all future fiscal decisions. However, there is one special case where optimal policies are time‐consistent, which is when differential tax rates across cash goods are optimally zero.
In search of the source of dermatophytosis: Epidemiological analysis of Trichophyton verrucosum infection in llamas and the breeder (case report)
Authors: Łagowski Dominik , Gnat Sebastian , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Osińska Marcelina , Trościańczyk Aleksandra , Zięba Przemysław 
Published: September 2019

AbstractDuring the last few years, the number of cases of Trichophyton verrucosum isolation from humans suffering from mycoses has been constantly increasing, which is correlated with the presence of an increasing number of outdoor breeding farms. Farmers and their families as well as veterinarians and technicians involved in handling the animals are at a higher risk of infection. One of the most important aims of mycological diagnostics is epidemiological analysis. Typically, the history of the disease is not sufficient to indicate reliably and eliminate the outbreak of infection. PCR fingerprinting methods are a useful tool in this type of analysis, which is presented in this study. The main aim is to present diagnostic and epidemiological analyses of dermatophyte isolates from llamas and their breeder. In two llamas, round alopecia sites or ca. 2‐cm excoriations covered with thickened scaling epidermis were noticed at the border of the head and neck with a distinct tendency towards hair loss. Tinea unguium was noticed in a nail of the breeder's right hand. Direct analysis of the material from the clinical lesions revealed the presence of arthrospores. The macro‐ and micromorphology of the isolates were homogeneous and characteristic for T. verrucosum. The identification analysis based on the ITS sequences confirmed the previous morphological diagnostic examination. The MP‐PCR and MSP‐PCR analysis indicated high invariability of the genomes of the strains isolated from the human and animals. The epidemiological research has indicated an identical source of dermatophyte infection in the breeder and the lamas. To sum up, the number of pets and farm animals is increasing and dermatologists should always be informed about possible dermatophyte transmission sources. The possibility of transmission of zoophilic dermatophytes from humans to animals is a suggestion for further analysis; therefore, this type of transmission should be considered in dermatological studies.
Free Oscillation Solution for Fractional Differential System
Authors: Fukunaga Masataka 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThere is a type of fractional differential equation that admits asymptotically free standing oscillations (Fukunaga, M., 2019, “Mode Analysis on Onset of Turing Instability in Time-Fractional Reaction-Subdiffusion Equations by Two-Dimensional Numerical Simulations,” ASME J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn., 14, p. 061005). In this paper, analytical solutions to fractional differential equation for free oscillations are derived for special cases. These analytical solutions are direct evidence for asymptotically standing oscillations, while numerical solutions give indirect evidence.
Classification of the Era Emotion Reflected on the Image Using Characteristics of Color and Color-Based Classification Method
Authors: Lee Sang Hwa , Kim Jung-Yoon 
Published: September 2019

Paintings convey the composition and characteristics of artists; therefore, it is possible to feel the intended style of painting and emotion of each artist through their paintings. In general, basic elements that constitute traditional paintings are color, texture, and composition (formative elements constituting the paintings are color and shape); however, color is the most crucial element expressing the emotion of a painting. In particular, traditional colors manifest the color containing historicity of the era, so the color shown in painting images is considered a representative color of the culture to which the painting belongs. This study constructed a color emotional system by analyzing colors and rearranged color emotion adjectives based on color combination techniques and clustering algorithm proposed by Kobayashi as well as I.R.I HUE & TONE 120 System. Based on the embodied color emotion system, this study confirmed classified emotions of images by extracting and classifying emotions from traditional Korean painted images, focusing on traditional painted images of the late Joseon Dynasty. Moreover, it was possible to verify the cultural traits of the era through the classified emotion images.
Phase Ia Study of Anti-NaPi2b Antibody–Drug Conjugate Lifastuzumab Vedotin DNIB0600A in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Gerber David E. , Infante Jeffrey R. , Gordon Michael S. , Goldberg Sarah B. , Martín Miguel , Felip Enriqueta , Martinez Garcia Maria , Schiller Joan H. , Spigel David R. , Cordova Julie , Westcott Valerie , Wang Yulei , Shames David S. , Choi YounJeong , Kahn Robert , Dere Randall C. , Samineni Divya , Xu Jian , Lin Kedan , Wood Katie , Royer-Joo Stephanie , Lemahieu Vanessa , Schuth Eva , Vaze Anjali , Maslyar Daniel , Humke Eric W. , Burris Howard A. 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Purpose:
This phase I trial assessed the safety, tolerability, and preliminary antitumor activity of lifastuzumab vedotin (LIFA), an antibody–drug conjugate of anti-NaPi2b mAb (MNIB2126A) and a potent antimitotic agent (monomethyl auristatin E).

Patients and Methods:
LIFA was administered to patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (PROC), once every 3 weeks, by intravenous infusion. The starting dose was 0.2 mg/kg in this 3+3 dose-escalation design, followed by cohort expansion at the recommended phase II dose (RP2D).

Results:
Overall, 87 patients were treated at doses between 0.2 and 2.8 mg/kg. The MTD was not reached; 2.4 mg/kg once every 3 weeks was selected as the RP2D based on overall tolerability profile. The most common adverse events of any grade and regardless of relationship to study drug were fatigue (59%), nausea (49%), decreased appetite (37%), vomiting (32%), and peripheral sensory neuropathy (29%). Most common treatment-related grade ≥3 toxicities among patients treated at the RP2D (n = 63) were neutropenia (10%), anemia (3%), and pneumonia (3%). The pharmacokinetic profile was dose proportional. At active doses ≥1.8 mg/kg, partial responses were observed in four of 51 (8%) patients with NSCLC and 11 of 24 (46%) patients with PROC per RECIST. All RECIST responses occurred in patients with NaPi2b-high by IHC. The CA-125 biomarker assessed for patients with PROC dosed at ≥1.8 mg/kg showed 13 of 24 (54%) had responses (≥50% decline from baseline).

Conclusions:
LIFA exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and an acceptable safety profile, with encouraging activity in patients with PROC at the single-agent RP2D of 2.4 mg/kg.
History, Causation, and the Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Bennett Bruce S. , Tshipa Moletlanyi 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The Many-Worlds Interpretation (MWI) is a theory in physics which proposes that, rather than quantum-level events being resolved randomly as according to the Copenhagen Interpretation, the universe constantly divides into different versions or worlds. All physically possible worlds occur, though some outcomes are more likely than others, and therefore all possible histories exist. This paper explores some implications of this for history, especially concerning causation. Unlike counterfactuals, which concern different starting conditions, MWI concerns different outcomes of the same starting conditions. It is argued that analysis of causation needs to take into account the divergence of outcomes and the possibility that we inhabit a less probable world. Another implication of MWI is convergent history: for any given world there will be similar worlds which are the result of different pasts which are, however, more or less probable. MWI can assist in thinking about historical causation and indicates the importance of probabilistic causation.