bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A contribution of star-forming clumps and accreting satellites to the mass assembly of z ∼ 2 galaxies
Authors: Zanella A , Le Floc’h E , Harrison C M , Daddi E , Bernhard E , Gobat R , Strazzullo V , Valentino F , Cibinel A , Sánchez Almeida J , Kohandel M , Fensch J , Behrendt M , Burkert A , Onodera M , Bournaud F , Scholtz J 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
We investigate the contribution of clumps and satellites to the galaxy mass assembly. We analysed spatially resolved HubbleSpace Telescope observations (imaging and slitless spectroscopy) of 53 star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 1–3. We created continuum and emission line maps and pinpointed residual ‘blobs’ detected after subtracting the galaxy disc. Those were separated into compact (unresolved) and extended (resolved) components. Extended components have sizes ∼2 kpc and comparable stellar mass and age as the galaxy discs, whereas the compact components are 1.5 dex less massive and 0.4 dex younger than the discs. Furthermore, the extended blobs are typically found at larger distances from the galaxy barycentre than the compact ones. Prompted by these observations and by the comparison with simulations, we suggest that compact blobs are in situ formed clumps, whereas the extended ones are accreting satellites. Clumps and satellites enclose, respectively, ∼20 per cent and ≲80 per cent of the galaxy stellar mass, ∼30 per cent and ∼20 per cent of its star formation rate. Considering the compact blobs, we statistically estimated that massive clumps (M⋆ ≳ 109 M⊙) have lifetimes of ∼650 Myr, and the less massive ones (108 < M⋆ < 109 M⊙) of ∼145 Myr. This supports simulations predicting long-lived clumps (lifetime ≳ 100 Myr). Finally, ≲30 per cent (13 per cent) of our sample galaxies are undergoing single (multiple) merger(s), they have a projected separation ≲10 kpc, and the typical mass ratio of our satellites is 1:5 (but ranges between 1:10 and 1:1), in agreement with literature results for close pair galaxies.
Ploonets: formation, evolution, and detectability of tidally detached exomoons
Authors: Sucerquia Mario , Alvarado-Montes Jaime A , Zuluaga Jorge I , Cuello Nicolás , Giuppone Cristian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Close-in giant planets represent the most significant evidence of planetary migration. If large exomoons form around migrating giant planets which are more stable (e.g. those in the Solar system), what happens to these moons after migration is still under intense research. This paper explores the scenario where large regular exomoons escape after tidal interchange of angular momentum with its parent planet, becoming small planets by themselves. We name this hypothetical type of object a ploonet. By performing semi-analytical simulations of tidal interactions between a large moon with a close-in giant, and integrating numerically their orbits for several Myr, we found that in ∼50 per cent of the cases a young ploonet may survive ejection from the planetary system, or collision with its parent planet and host star, being in principle detectable. Volatile-rich ploonets are dramatically affected by stellar radiation during both planetocentric and siderocentric orbital evolution, and their radius and mass change significantly due to the sublimation of most of their material during time-scales of hundreds of Myr. We estimate the photometric signatures that ploonets may produce if they transit the star during the phase of evaporation, and compare them with noisy light curves of known objects (Kronian stars and non-periodical dips in dusty light curves). Additionally, the typical transit timing variations (TTV) induced by the interaction of a ploonet with its planet are computed. We find that present and future photometric surveys’ capabilities can detect these effects and distinguish them from those produced by other nearby planetary encounters.
Gamma-rays from reaccelerated particles at supernova remnant shocks
Authors: Cristofari P , Blasi P 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Diffusive shock acceleration is considered as the main mechanism for particle energization in supernova remnants, as well as in other classes of sources. The existence of some remnants that show a bilateral morphology in the X-rays and gamma-rays suggests that this process occurs with an efficiency that depends upon the inclination angle between the shock normal and the large-scale magnetic field in which the shock propagates. This interpretation is additionally supported by recent particle-in-cell simulations that show how ions are not injected if the shock is more oblique than ∼45°. These shocks provide an excellent test bench for the process of reacceleration at the same shock: non-thermal seed particles that are reached by the shock front are automatically injected and accelerated. This process was recently discussed as a possible reason for some anomalous behaviour of the spectra of secondary cosmic ray nuclei. Here, we discuss how gamma-ray observations of selected supernova remnants can provide us with precious information about this process and lead us to a better assessment of particle diffusive shock reacceleration for other observables in cosmic ray physics.
Genetic epidemiology of colorectal cancer and associated cancers
Authors: Yu Hongyao , Hemminki Kari 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe review here data on familial risk in colorectal cancer (CRC) generated from the Swedish Family-Cancer Database, the largest resource of its kind in the world. Although the concordant familial risk for CRC (i.e. CRC risk in families of CRC patients) has been reasonably well established, the studies on discordant familial risks (i.e. CRC risk in families with any other cancers) are rare. Because different cancers could be caused by shared genetic susceptibility or shared environment, data of associations of discordant cancers may provide useful information for identifying common risk factors. In analyses between any of 33 discordant cancers relative risks (RRs) for discordant cancers were estimated in families with increasing numbers of probands with CRC; in the reverse analyses, RRs for CRC were estimated in families with increasing numbers of probands with discordant cancers. In separate analyses, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) families were excluded from the study, based on HNPCC related double primary cancers, to assess the residual familial RRs. We further reviewed familial risks of colon and rectal cancers separately in search for distinct discordant associations. The reviewed data suggested that colon cancer was associated with a higher familial risk for CRC compared to rectal cancer. The previous data had reported associations of CRC with melanoma, thyroid and eye cancers. Nervous system cancer was only associated with colon cancer, and lung cancer only associated with rectal cancer. The reviewed data on discordant association may provide guidance to gene identification and may help genetic counseling.
Global review of whole grain definitions and health claims
Authors: Mathews Rebecca , Chu YiFang 
Published: July 2019

AbstractRecommendations to increase whole grain consumption are part of dietary guidelines around the world. To assist consumers in meeting this recommendation, some countries, and health-promoting organizations, have defined qualifying criteria for a whole grain food for product labeling or health claims. Other countries have not yet developed similar guidelines. Existing whole grain definitions and health claims are reviewed here. While there appears to be increasing consensus for defining a whole grain, significant disparity exists in defining a whole grain food when a product is not 100% whole grain. Moreover, while whole grain health claims have been approved in a few countries, other countries have concluded there is insufficient evidence to substantiate such claims.
Shotgun Proteomic Analysis Highlights the Roles of Long-Lived mRNAs and De Novo Transcribed mRNAs in Rice Seeds upon Imbibition
Authors: Sano Naoto , Takebayashi Yumiko , To Alexandra , Mhiri Corinne , Rajjou Loï¿½c , Nakagami Hirofumi , Kanekatsu Motoki 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
During seed germination, proteins are translated not only from mRNAs newly transcribed upon imbibition but also from long-lived mRNAs that are synthesized during seed maturation and stored in the mature dry seeds. To clarify the distinct roles of proteins translated from long-lived mRNAs and de novo transcribed mRNAs in germinating rice embryos, proteome analysis based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combining the use of a transcriptional inhibitor was performed. We observed that α-amanitin significantly represses transcription in germinating embryos; nevertheless, the embryos could germinate, albeit slowly. The proteomic analysis revealed that a total of 109 proteins were translated from long-lived mRNAs associated with germination as well as 222 proteins whose expression were dependent on de novo transcription upon imbibition. Transcriptomic datasets available in public databases demonstrated that mRNAs of the 222 proteins notably increased during germination while those of the 109 proteins highly accumulated in dry embryos and constitutively expressed upon imbibition. Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated that many of the 109 proteins from long-lived mRNAs are implicated in energy production such as glycolysis or annotated as nucleotide binding proteins, while the 222 proteins are involved in pathways such as pyruvate metabolism and TCA cycle following glycolysis, and momilactones biosynthesis. We propose that long-lived mRNAs support initial energy production and activation of translational machinery upon imbibition whereas de novo transcription accelerates the energy production after glycolysis, which enables rice seeds to germinate vigorously.
An Algorithmic Approach to Treating Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: An Evidenced-Based Approach
Authors: Diwan Sudhir , Sayed Dawood , Deer Timothy R , Salomons Amber , Liang Kevin 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveLumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) can lead to compression of the neural and vascular elements and is becoming more common due to degenerative changes that occur because of aging processes. Symptoms may manifest as pain and discomfort that radiates to the lower leg, thigh, and/or buttocks. The traditional treatment algorithm for LSS consists of conservative management (physical therapy, medication, education, exercise), often followed by epidural steroid injections (ESIs), and when nonsurgical treatment has failed, open decompression surgery with or without fusion is considered. In this review, the variables that should be considered during the management of patients with LSS are discussed, and the role of each treatment option to provide optimal care is evaluated.ResultsThis review leads to the creation of an evidence-based practical algorithm to aid clinicians in the management of patients with LSS. Special emphasis is directed at minimally invasive surgery, which should be taken into consideration when conservative management and ESI have failed.
Incorporating Specific Functional Strength Integration Techniques to Improve Functional Performance for Veterans After Total Hip Arthroplasty: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Judd Dana L , Cheuy Victor A , Forster Jeri E , Christiansen Cory L , Stevens-Lapsley Jennifer E 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background
Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common procedure, yet persistent deficits in functional performance exist after surgery. These deficits may be related to movement compensations observed after THA, which negatively affect quality of life and may increase morbidity and health care utilization, including in the veteran population. However, the best rehabilitative approach to remediating movement compensations and physical function deficits has not been determined.

Objective
The objective is to determine if a functional strength integration intervention (FSI), as part of a post-THA rehabilitation program, improves movement compensation, physical function, muscle strength, and self-reported outcome measures more than a control group (CON) undergoing a standard of care exercise program.

Design
This is a 2-arm randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Setting
The Veteran Affairs outpatient physical therapy clinics and academic research laboratory will be the settings.

Participants
One hundred veterans undergoing THA for hip osteoarthritis will be included in the study.

Interventions
Participants will be randomized to either the FSI or CON group and participate in visits of physical therapy over 8 weeks. The FSI protocol will include targeted exercise to improve muscular control and stability around the hip and trunk to minimize movement compensation during daily activity combined with progressive resistance exercise. The CON protocol will include patient education, flexibility activity, and low load resistance exercise.

Measurements
Functional performance, muscle strength and endurance, and self-reported outcomes will be measured at baseline (prior to surgery), midway through intervention (6 weeks after surgery), at the end of intervention (10 weeks after surgery), and 26 weeks after THA.

Limitations
The inability to blind treating therapists to study arm allocation is a limitation.

Conclusions
The proposed study aims to determine if targeted FSI can affect movement compensation to improve functional outcomes after THA more than traditional rehabilitation paradigms.
From Depletion to Regeneration: Addressing Structural and Physical Violence in Post-Conflict Economies
Authors: Rai Shirin M , True Jacqui , Tanyag Maria 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDrawing on depletion through social reproduction and political economy of violence against women (PEVAW) approaches, we show how the context of violence intensifies the depletion of women’s lives as they labor to meet their household needs; and how this depletion heightens their vulnerability to violence in conflict-affected contexts and inhibits their roles in peacebuilding. We propose the concept of the “regenerative state,” as a post-conflict moment of openness when state policy underpinned by attention to issues of depletion, social reproduction, and violence against women can help reshape gendered power relations in post-conflict transitions.
Attitudes Towards Physicians Requiring Remediation: One-of-Us or Not-Like-Us?
Authors: Bourgeois-Law Gisèle , Teunissen Pim W. , Varpio Lara , Regehr Glenn 
Published: July 2019

PurposeThe data for this paper were collected as part of a larger project exploring how the medical profession conceptualizes the task of supporting physicians struggling with clinical competency issues. In this paper, the authors focus on a topic that has been absent in the literature thus far—how physicians requiring remediation are perceived by those responsible for organizing remediation and by their peers in general.MethodUsing a constructivist grounded theory approach, the authors conducted semistructured interviews with 17 remediation stakeholders across Canada. Given that in Canada health is a provincial responsibility, the authors purposively sampled stakeholders from across provincial and language borders and across the full range of organizations that could be considered as participating in the remediation of practicing physicians.ResultsInterviewees expressed mixed, sometimes contradictory, emotions toward and perceptions of physicians requiring remediation. They also noted that their colleagues, including physicians in training, were not always sympathetic to their struggling peers.ConclusionsThe medical profession’s attitude toward those who struggle with clinical competency—as individuals and as a whole—is ambivalent at best. This ambivalence grows out of psychological and cultural factors and may be an undiscussed factor in the profession’s struggle to deal adequately with underperforming members. To contend with the challenge of remediating practicing physicians, the profession needs to address this ambivalence and its underlying causes.
Reconsidering Basic: Integrating Social and Behavioral Sciences to Support Learning
Authors: Chaudhary Zarah K. , Mylopoulos Maria , Barnett Rachael , Sockalingam Sanjeev , Hawkins Michael , O’Brien J. Darcy , Woods Nicole N. 
Published: July 2019

Purpose
The integration of basic science mechanistic knowledge (pathophysiology and etiology) with clinical features (signs and symptoms) during learning leads to robust cognitive representations in novices and supports the development of clinical reasoning, including better diagnostic accuracy and later learning of related concepts. However, previous studies have used a limited scope of traditional biomedical sciences, including biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology. The use of extended forms of foundational knowledge, including behavioral and sociological sciences, that have been proposed to support learning and performance in complex health systems remains unexplored.

Method
Thirty-three first-year medical students from the University of Toronto MD Program participated in the study. The effect of integrated extended basic science (EBS) learning was compared with that of clinically focused instruction on an initial assessment of diagnosis using clinical vignettes and a “preparation for future learning” assessment (PFLA) to assess learning of new related content in medical psychiatry (co-occurring physical and mental health conditions).

Results
Both forms of instruction supported the development of diagnostic ability on initial assessment (t[30] = 1.20, P = .24). On the PFLA, integrated instruction of extended forms of basic science led to superior performance on assessing complex patients’ health care needs (t[30] = 2.70, P < .05).

Conclusions
Similar to previous studies using integration of biomedical sciences, the integration of EBS can enhance later learning of new related concepts. These results have implications for curriculum design to support development of expert clinical reasoning.
Determination of Perampanel in Dried Plasma Spots: Applicability to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Franco Valentina , Baruffi Katia , Marchiselli Roberto , Crema Francesca , Fattore Cinzia , Romigi Andrea , De Giorgis Valentina , Tartara Elena , Elia Maurizio , D'Avolio Antonio , Perucca Emilio 
Published: July 2019

Background:
Although therapeutic drug monitoring of antiepileptic drugs is typically based on the analysis of plasma samples, alternative matrices, such as dried plasma spots (DPSs), may offer specific advantages. The aims of this work were to (1) develop and validate a bioanalytical method for the quantitative determination of the second-generation antiepileptic drug perampanel in DPSs; (2) assess short- and long-term stability of perampanel in DPSs; and (3) test the clinical applicability of the developed method.

Methods:
Two hundred microliters of plasma were dispensed on a glass paper filter and dried. Glass paper filter discs were then inserted into clean tubes. After addition of the internal standard (ie, promethazine), the analytes were extracted with 5-mL methanol, dried at room temperature (23 ± 2°C), and reconstituted. Separation and quantification were achieved on 2 serial reverse-phase monolithic columns connected to an UV detector (λ = 320 nm).

Results:
Calibration curves were linear in the validated concentration range (25–1000 ng/mL). Intraday and interday accuracy were in the range of 99.2%–111.4%, whereas intraday and interday precision (coefficient of variation) ranged from 2.8% to 8.6%. The lowest limit of quantitation was 25 ng/mL. The stability of the analyte in DPSs was assessed and confirmed under different storage conditions. Perampanel concentrations estimated in DPS samples from patients receiving therapeutic doses were equivalent to those measured in plasma samples.

Conclusions:
This simple method enables the quantitation of perampanel in DPSs with adequate accuracy, precision, specificity, and sensitivity. The short- and long-term stabilities of perampanel in DPSs are highly beneficial for sample shipment or storage at ambient temperature. Moreover, DPSs decreases the costs associated with storage and transportation compared with conventional wet samples.
Esophageal Capsule Endoscopy in Children and Young Adults With Portal Hypertension
Authors: Pai Anita K. , Jonas Maureen M. , Fox Victor L. 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACTObjectives:Variceal hemorrhage (VH) is a serious complication of portal hypertension (PH). We evaluated the feasibility, safety, and clinical impact of esophageal capsule endoscopy (ECE) in pediatric and young adult patients with known or suspected PH.Methods:Children and young adults with PH at Boston Children's Hospital (2005–2017) were offered ECE for variceal screening or surveillance. Patient histories, ECE findings, and clinical outcomes were reviewed retrospectively.Results:One hundred and forty‐nine ECE studies were performed in 98 patients (57.1% male patients) using 3 ECE devices for variceal screening (66.5%) or surveillance (33.5%). Three readers interpreted the studies (88.3%, 10.3%, and 1.4%, respectively). Median age was 16 years (IQR 13.7–18.5). One hundred and three ECE studies involved patients <18 years (69.1%). Fifteen patients (29 ECE studies) had a gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (GIB) history, 5 in the preceding 12 months.Sixty‐two ECE studies (44.9%) detected varices: 59 esophageal (40 small, 19 medium/large), 17 gastric, 6 duodenal. Other findings included: portal gastropathy (25, 18.1%), esophagitis (20, 14.5%), ulcers (5, 3.6%), erosions (31, 22.5%), heterotopic tissue (13, 9.4%), blood flecks (23, 16.7%), and mucosal scars (17, 12.3%). There were 2 transient capsule retentions and no major adverse events.ECE led to follow‐up EGD in 11 (7 variceal banding) and medication initiation in 12 (4 proton‐pump inhibitor, 7 nonselective beta blocker, 2 other) cases. Four patients had GIB within 12 months of ECE.Conclusion:ECE is a feasible alternative to EGD for screening and surveillance of esophageal varices in children and young adults.
Further Exploration of Personal and Social Functioning
Authors: Talevi Dalila , Pacitti Francesca , Costa Manuela , Rossi Alessandro , Collazzoni Alberto , Crescini Claudio , Rossi Rodolfo 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Social functioning (SF) has mainly been studied in major psychoses in relation to symptom severity, but other factors may interfere with the achievement of a functional remission. The aim of this study is to explore interpersonal violence (IV), service engagement (SE), and social network (SN), together with demographics, as predictors of SF in a sample of subjects with severe mental illness (SMI). Consecutive adult inpatients were evaluated using self-report and clinician-rated questionnaires. Findings suggest that IV, SE, SN, male sex, and illness duration explained 39.1% of SF variance in people affected by SMI. IV was the strongest predictor, followed by sex and duration of illness. Lifetime expression of violence is a stronger predictor than lifetime exposure to violence. Positive SE and SN were found to predict SF, whereas age was not associated. This study underlines the need of other non-symptom-related variables for the comprehension of SF in mental disorders.