bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of wildfire on floral display size and pollinator community reduce outcrossing rate in a plant with a mixed mating system
Authors: LoPresti Eric F. , Van Wyk Jennifer I. , Mola John M. , Toll Katherine , Miller Timothy J. , Williams Neal M. 
Published: July 2018

Premise of the StudyWildfire changes the demography, morphology, and behavior of plants, and may alter the pollinator community. Such trait changes may drastically alter the outcome of pollination mutualisms on plants; however, the direct role of fire on these mutualisms is poorly known.MethodsFollowing a pair of fires in the northern California coast range chaparral, we censused floral visitor communities of Trichostema laxum (Lamiaceae), quantified visiting bee behavior, and estimated outcrossing rates using a widespread Mendelian recessive floral polymorphism across a matrix of populations in burned and unburned sites. We also compared pre‐ and postfire floral visitation in two populations.ResultsOutcrossing rates were significantly lower in burned areas; however, our data suggest that the much larger size of plants in burned areas, not burn status itself, drove this pattern. Large‐bodied bees dominated floral visitor communities after fire, likely recruiting to the abundant postfire floral resources. These bees visited more flowers per plant than did the smaller bees prevalent before fire and in unburned areas, likely increasing selfing through geitonogamy (within‐plant pollination), an effect made possible by the far larger size of plants in burned areas.ConclusionsOutcrossing rates dropped substantially after wildfires because of changes in the pollinators, plant display size, and their interactions. Reductions in outcrossing following fire may have important implications for population resilience and evolution in a changing climate with more frequent fires.
Risk factors and strategies in nonadherence with subcutaneous immunotherapy: a real‐life study
Authors: Yang Yongshi , Wang Yin , Yang Lin , Wang Jingru , Huang Nan , Wang Xiaolong , Hu Lintao , Jiang Qing , Liu Guanghui , Zhu Rongfei 
Published: July 2018

BackgroundAllergen immunotherapy (AIT) is still the only causal treatment for allergic diseases. However, conventional subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) administration schedules are time‐consuming and patient nonadherence is a major barrier to achieving a satisfactory therapeutic effect. Our study aimed to analyze the causes leading to discontinuation of SCIT and to determine risk factors associated with nonadherence in respiratory allergies.MethodsThis was a prospective study. Patients with respiratory allergies who had received standardized dust mite SCIT were enrolled from January 2012 to January 2014. And a follow‐up study on these subjects was conducted via telephone interviews on an interval of 3 months and online communication through social network applications. Reasons for discontinuation were documented when patients claimed to stop treatment.ResultsA total of 311 patients were enrolled in the study. The adherence rate at year 3 was 64.6%. Fifty‐nine patients (19.0%) dropped out in year 1, 31 (10.0%) in year 2, and 20 (6.4%) in year 3. Reasons for nonadherence included inconvenience (32.7%), ineffectiveness (25.5%), improvement of symptoms (22.7%), and adverse reactions (14.5%). Children had higher adherence than adults (70.7% vs 55.0%) (p < 0.05). The dropout reasons were different among the children and adults groups (p < 0.005). The follow‐up work was carefully and thoroughly done. All the 311 (100%) patients accepted the telephone interview, and 296 (95.2%) patients submitted questions and got rapid replies from doctors online.ConclusionAdherence to SCIT was less than satisfactory in the real‐life study. A close communication between doctors and patients is helpful in enhancing adherence with AIT in clinical practice.
Remodeled cortical inhibition prevents motor seizures in generalized epilepsy
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Lupien‐Meilleur Alexis , Tazerart Sabrina , Lachance Mathieu , Samarova Elena , Araya Roberto , Lacaille Jean‐Claude , Rossignol Elsa 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveDeletions of CACNA1A, encoding the α1 subunit of CaV2.1 channels, cause epilepsy with ataxia in humans. Whereas the deletion of Cacna1a in γ‐aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons (INs) derived from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) impairs cortical inhibition and causes generalized seizures in Nkx2.1Cre;Cacna1ac/c mice, the targeted deletion of Cacna1a in somatostatin‐expressing INs (SOM‐INs), a subset of MGE‐derived INs, does not result in seizures, indicating a crucial role of parvalbumin‐expressing (PV) INs. Here we identify the cellular and network consequences of Cacna1a deletion specifically in PV‐INs.MethodsWe generated PVCre;Cacna1ac/c mutant mice carrying a conditional Cacna1a deletion in PV neurons and evaluated the cortical cellular and network outcomes of this mutation by combining immunohistochemical assays, in vitro electrophysiology, 2‐photon imaging, and in vivo video‐electroencephalographic recordings.Results
PVCre;Cacna1ac/c mice display reduced cortical perisomatic inhibition and frequent absences but only rare motor seizures. Compared to Nkx2.1Cre;Cacna1ac/c mice, PVCre;Cacna1ac/c mice have a net increase in cortical inhibition, with a gain of dendritic inhibition through sprouting of SOM‐IN axons, largely preventing motor seizures. This beneficial compensatory remodeling of cortical GABAergic innervation is mTORC1‐dependent and its inhibition with rapamycin leads to a striking increase in motor seizures. Furthermore, we show that a direct chemogenic activation of cortical SOM‐INs prevents motor seizures in a model of kainate‐induced seizures.InterpretationOur findings provide novel evidence suggesting that the remodeling of cortical inhibition, with an mTOR‐dependent gain of dendritic inhibition, determines the seizure phenotype in generalized epilepsy and that mTOR inhibition can be detrimental in epilepsies not primarily due to mTOR hyperactivation. Ann Neurol 2018;84:436–451
Repeated Intrathecal Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Oh Ki‐Wook , Noh Min‐Young , Kwon Min‐Soo , Kim Hyun Young , Oh Seong‐il , Park Jinseok , Kim Hee‐Jin , Ki Chang‐Seok , Kim Seung Hyun 
Published: July 2018

ObjectiveTo assess the safety and efficacy of 2 repeated intrathecal injections of autologous bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).MethodsIn a phase 2 randomized controlled trial (NCT01363401), 64 participants with ALS were randomly assigned treatments (1:1) of riluzole alone (control group, n = 31) or combined with 2 BM‐MSC injections (MSC group, n = 33). Safety was assessed based on the occurrence of adverse events. The primary efficacy outcome was changes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS‐R) score from baseline to 4 and 6 months postinjection. Post hoc analysis includes investigation of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and long‐term survival analysis.ResultsSafety rating showed no groupwise difference with absence of serious treatment‐related adverse events. Mean changes in ALSFRS‐R scores from baseline to 4 and 6 months postinjection were reduced in the MSC group compared with the control group (4 months: 2.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.48–4.47, p < 0.001; 6 months: 3.38, 95% CI = 1.23–5.54, p = 0.003). The MSC group showed decreased proinflammatory and increased anti‐inflammatory cytokines. In good responders, transforming growth factor β1 significantly showed inverse correlation with monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1. There was no significant difference in long‐term survival between groups.InterpretationRepeated intrathecal injections of BM‐MSCs demonstrated a possible clinical benefit lasting at least 6 months, with safety, in ALS patients. A plausible action mechanism is that BM‐MSCs mediate switching from pro‐ to anti‐inflammatory conditions. A future randomized, double‐blind, large‐scale phase 3 clinical trial with additional BM‐MSC treatments is required to evaluate long‐term efficacy and safety. Ann Neurol 2018;84:361–373
The Synthesis of Quinazolinones from Olefins, CO, and Amines over a Heterogeneous Ru‐clusters/Ceria Catalyst
Authors: An Jinghua , Wang Yehong , Zhang Zhixin , Zhao Zhitong , Zhang Jian , Wang Feng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractQuinazolinones, an important class of heterocyclic compounds, have been widely used in pharmaceuticals because of their biological activity. However, the efficient and economical synthesis of quinazolinones has remained a challenge. A novel synthetic approach has now been developed to produce quinazolinones from olefins, CO, and amines over heterogeneous Ru‐clusters/ceria catalyst in the absence of acids, bases, and oxidants. Furthermore, H2O is generated as the only by‐product. A series of quinazolinones with aromatic or non‐aromatic substituents can be obtained in yields of up to 99 %. The Ru‐clusters/ceria can be reused at least four times. The analysis of the E‐factor (environmental impact factor) for the synthesis of 2‐ethyl quinazolinone suggests that this system is more environmentally friendly than other processes reported previously.
Der Click‐Cage: Organell‐spezifische Photoaktivierung von Lipid‐Botenstoffen
Authors: Wagner Nicolai , Stephan Milena , Höglinger Doris , Nadler André 
Published: July 2018

AbstractLipidbotenstoffe üben ihre zelluläre Funktion auf kurzen Zeitskalen auf subzellulärer Ebene aus, dennoch ermöglichen aktuelle experimentelle Ansätze nur die Modulation der Konzentration dieser Moleküle auf der Ebene ganzer Zellen. In dieser Zuschrift beschreiben wir eine neuartige, Cumarin‐basierte photolabile Schutzgruppe, die durch Click‐Chemie mit chemischen Gruppen zur gezielten Lokalisierung von Lipidbotenstoffen in spezifischen Organellen modifiziert werden kann. Wir zeigen, dass photoaktivierbare Sphingosin‐ und Arachidonsäure‐Derivate selektiv in Mitochondrien, im ER, in Lysosomen und in der Plasmamembran akkumulieren. Durch Vergleich von intrazellulären Calcium‐Transienten nach lokaler Photoaktivierung liefern wir klare Indizien für die Annahme, dass die präzise intrazelluläre Lokalisation von Botenstoffkonzentrationsanstiegen von großer Bedeutung für das Resultat zellulärer Signalkaskaden ist. Wir gehen davon aus, dass diese neuartige Klasse von photoaktivierbaren Botenstoffen neue Ansätze für das Studium zellulärer Prozesse auf der Ebene einzelner Organellen ermöglichen wird.
A Two‐Photon H2O2‐Activated CO Photoreleaser
Authors: Li Yong , Shu Yingzheng , Liang Muwen , Xie Xilei , Jiao Xiaoyun , Wang Xu , Tang Bo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCarbon monoxide (CO) is proposed as an active pharmaceutical agent with promising pharmaceutical prospects, as it has been involved in multifaceted modulation of diverse physiological and pathological processes. However, questions remain for therapeutic application of inhaled CO attributed to the inherent great affinity between CO and hemoglobin. Therefore, a robust platform with the function of CO transport and controllable release, depending on the local status of an organism, is of prominent significance for effectively avoiding the side effects of CO inhalation and optimizing the biological regulation function of CO. Utilizing the oxidative stress biomarker H2O2 as a trigger and combining with photo‐control, a two‐photon H2O2‐activated CO photoreleaser, FB, featuring highly sensitive and specific H2O2 sensing and photocontrollable CO release, was developed and the vasodilation effect of CO against angiotensin II was demonstrated.
Stimulus‐Triggered Formation of an Anion–Cation Exciplex in Copper(I) Complexes as a Mechanism for Mechanochromic Phosphorescence
Authors: Hupp Benjamin , Nitsch Jörn , Schmitt Tanja , Bertermann Rüdiger , Edkins Katharina , Hirsch Florian , Fischer Ingo , Auth Michael , Sperlich Andreas , Steffen Andreas 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe investigation of the mechanisms of mechanochromic luminescence is of fundamental importance for the development of materials for photonic sensors, data storage, and luminescence switches. The structural origin of this phenomenon in phosphorescent molecular systems is rarely known and thus the formulation of structure–property relationships remains challenging. Changes in the M–M interactions have been proposed as the main mechanism with d10 coinage metal compounds. Herein, we describe a new mechanism—a mechanically induced reversible formation of a cation–anion exciplex based on Cu–F interactions—that leads to highly efficient mechanochromic phosphorescence and unusual large emission shifts from UV‐blue to yellow for CuI complexes. The low‐energy luminescence is thermo‐ and vaporesponsive, thus allowing the generation of white light as well as for recovering the original UV‐blue emission.
Catalytic N2O decomposition over CeMeOy/γ‐Al2O3 (Me = Mn, Cu, Zn) catalysts prepared by impregnation method
Authors: Zhang Yuanyang , Guo Yaqiong , Li Na , Feng Yaoyu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA series of CeMeOy/γ‐Al2O3 (Me = Mn, Cu, Zn) samples for effective catalytic N2O decomposition were prepared by impregnation method with large specific surface area support. The H2‐TPR and O2/CO2‐TPD results showed that the addition of CeO2 to samples of MeOx/γ‐Al2O3 was beneficial for the reduction of catalytic components, the desorption of surface oxygen, and the total amount of basic sites on the sample surface. The characterization of TPR, TPD, and XRD, and so forth indicated that synergistic action among catalytic components on the support was probably the origin of good activity towards N2O decomposition over Ce(1.2)MeOy/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst. The test that lasted for 200 hr showed that the sample of Ce(1.2)MeOy/γ‐Al2O3 prepared by impregnation method had good stability on N2O decomposition in a mixture containing certain amounts of O2 and H2O under applied experimental conditions. The characterization results of SEM and EDX over samples before and after stability indicated that the prepared Ce(1.2)MeOy/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst had good stable structure, which would provide the basis for further study, such as pilot‐scale investigation, in this field.
Antimicrobial and anti‐quorum‐sensing properties and paint film usage of novel diazaborine‐based copolymers
Authors: Kocak Gökhan , Cicek Hüseyin , Ceylan Özgür , Bütün Vural 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTo meet high hygiene requirements, intensive studies are being carried out on antimicrobial materials. This study reports the synthesis of 3‐((1‐hydroxybenzo[d][1,2,3]diazaborinin‐2(1H)‐yl)sulfonyl)propyl methacrylate (DAZBMA) and its polymer, which is antimicrobial [tested with Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923 and MU 40) and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 10239] on solid surfaces. Antibiofilm capability was tested against MU 40. Although DAZBMA and its polymer show a high quorum‐sensing inhibition property (tested with Chromobacterium violaceum CV 026 and CV 12472 and P. aeruginosa PA01), the lesser antibacterial activity of the polymer was improved by copolymerizing DAZBMA with quaternized 2‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate. The paint films containing the prepared copolymer are highly active against all tested bacteria and show an antibiofilm effect against hospital‐acquired multiple‐antibiotic‐resistant MU 40. The novel copolymer can be used in water‐soluble paints to reduce its biofilm production and pathogenicity, especially for paints used in hospitals. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 46907.
Functional MXene Materials: Progress of Their Applications
Authors: Li Xiuqin , Wang Chengyin , Cao Yu , Wang Guoxiu 
Published: July 2018

AbstractNowadays, two‐dimensional materials have many applications in materials science. As a novel two‐dimensional layered material, MXene possesses distinct structural, electronic, and chemical properties; thus, it has potential applications in many fields, including battery electrodes, energy storage materials, sensors, and catalysts. Up to now, more than 70 MAX phases have been reported. However, in contrast to the variety of MAX phases, the existing MXene family merely includes Ti2C, Ti3C2, (Ti1/2, Nb1/2)2C, (V1/2, Cr1/2)3C2, Nb2C, Ti3CN, Ta4C3, V2C, and Nb4C3. Among these materials, the Ti3C2Tx MXene exhibits prominently high volumetric capacitance, and the rate at which it transports electron is suitable for electrode materials in batteries and supercapacitors. Hence, Ti3C2Tx is commonly utilized as an electrode material in ion batteries such as Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Al3+ batteries. What is more, Ti2C has the biggest specific surface area among all of these potential MXene phases, and therefore, Ti2C has remarkably high gravimetric hydrogen storage capacities. In addition, Ti2CO2 materials display extremely high activity for CO oxidation, which makes it possible to design catalysts for CO oxidation at low temperatures. Furthermore, Ti3C2Tx with O, OH, and/or F terminations can be used for water purification owing to excellent water permeance, favorable filtration ability, and long‐time operation ability. This review supplies a relatively comprehensive summary of various applications of MXenes over the past few years.
Robust Decentralized Adaptive Fuzzy Control of Large‐Scale Nonaffine Nonlinear Systems With Strong Interconnection and Application to Automated Highway Systems
Authors: Wang Zhengwu , Huang Yi‐Shao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA novel decentralized adaptive fuzzy controller is developed for a class of large‐scale uncertain nonaffine nonlinear systems in this paper. Incorporating the benefits of fuzzy systems, implicit function theorem, and robust control technique, the interconnections between subsystems are extended to general unknown nonlinear functions. No a priori knowledge of lower and upper bounds on lumped uncertainties is required to implement each local controller. The resulting closed‐loop large‐scale system is proved to be asymptotically stable. The controller design is applicable to an automated highway system and simulation results confirm its practical usefulness.
Sliding Mode Observer Design for a Parabolic PDE in the Presence of Unknown Inputs
Authors: Orlov Yury , Chakrabarty Sohom , Zhao Dongya , Spurgeon Sarah K. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper considers observer design for systems modeled by linear partial differential equations (PDEs) of parabolic type, which may be subject to unknown inputs. The system is assumed to have only one spatial dimension, over which it is discretised to obtain what is referred to as the lattice system, which is a set of linear time invariant (LTI) ordinary differential equations (ODEs) having a canonical Toeplitz‐like structure with a specific sparsity pattern. This lattice structure is shown to be particularly appropriate for step‐by‐step sliding mode observer design that can reconstruct the state estimates at the points of discretisation and estimate the unknown input. Simulation results for both stable and unstable PDEs show that accurate state estimates can be provided at the points of discretisation. An approach to reconstruct the unknown input is demonstrated.
Improving educational outcomes for at‐risk students
Authors: Sanders Jackie , Munford Robyn , Boden Joseph 
Published: July 2018

Drawing on data from a longitudinal study of at‐risk youth (n = 593), this article reports on the analysis of factors that enabled these youth to succeed at school. It considers the impact of three baseline factors (age, gender, ethnicity) and a number of time‐dynamic factors [positive school environment, additional educational support, positive peer and parent relationships, exclusion/expulsion from school, depression and externalising individual risk, as well as the involvement of a range of services (mental health, justice, welfare)] upon educational progress. Over time, the educational status of this group of youth deteriorated. Differences were observed for indigenous, older and male youth who had poorer outcomes on average. Positive peer groups and a positive school environment predicted better outcomes, while the use of harsh disciplinary practices such as expulsion was the strongest predictor of poorer educational outcomes and had a pervasive negative impact on all three educational progress measures. Formal services did not make an appreciable difference to educational outcomes, while the provision of additional educational support only contributed to keeping youth enrolled in educational programmes but did not appreciably improve their educational outcomes. Improving educational outcomes for at‐risk youth requires a pan‐system response, whereby schools reduce the use of expulsion and create a positive school climate, other professionals support schools to retain challenging students at school and the positive resources generated by pro‐social peer groups are harnessed.
A novel bioluminescent detection of exonuclease I activity based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated pyrophosphate release
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Sun Yue , Lu Jianzhong 
Published: July 2018

AbstractHere we report a novel bioluminescence (BL) method for exonuclease I (Exo I) detection based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‐mediated pyrophosphate release. An inert hairpin probe with a blocked protruding 3′‐terminal biotinylated nucleotide was designed, and a blocked 3′‐terminal nucleotide of the probe would be removed only in the presence of Exo I, thus rendering the probe with a free 3′‐hydroxyl group. Subsequently, with nucleotide incorporation by TdT, huge amounts of pyrophosphates were generated. After the conversion of pyrophosphate to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through ATP sulfurylase, BL was emitted by the reaction of d‐luciferin and ATP with firefly luciferase. Therefore, Exo I activity was indirectly quantified in the range 1–500 mU with a detection limit of 0.05 mU/μl. Moreover, the developed approach was successfully applied to investigate the inhibitory effect of streptavidin on cleavage of Exo I and also determine Exo I activity in spiked serum samples. Overall, the proposed method has high sensitivity and selectivity, and can be universally extended to the detection of other nucleases using terminal extension as a signal amplification method and BL as a detection signal, having potential application in the diagnosis of nuclease‐related diseases or evaluation of nuclease functions in biological systems.