bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal acid lipase activity and liver fibrosis in the clinical continuum of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Baratta Francesco , Pastori Daniele , Tozzi Giulia , D'Erasmo Laura , Di Costanzo Alessia , Arca Marcello , Ettorre Evaristo , Ginanni Corradini Stefano , Violi Francesco , Angelico Francesco , Del Ben Maria 
Published: August 2019

AbstractBackground and AimsRecent evidence showed a reduced activity of the lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (CC). However, the relationship between LAL activity and liver fibrosis has never been investigated.MethodsCross‐sectional study including 575 outpatients referred for the management of cardio‐metabolic and liver disease. The absence of liver fibrosis was defined by a FIB‐4 < 1.30 and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) <−1.455. LAL activity was measured with dried blood spot technique.ResultsOverall, 515 patients had a diagnosis of NAFLD (454 NAFL and 61 biopsy‐proven NASH) and 60 of CC. The value of LAL activity progressively decreased from healthy subjects to NAFL/NASH patients to CC (P < .001). LAL activity was reduced by 10% in patients with NAFL, by 20% in NASH and by 50% in CC. The prevalence of CC decreased across the tertiles of LAL activity: 22.2% in the lowest, 4.6% in the intermediate and 0.5% in the highest tertile. In NAFLD patients, 69.9% had a FIB4 < 1.30, and 43.1% a NFS <−1.455. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Log (LAL activity) was associated with FIB‐4 < 1.30 (Odds ratio [OR] 2.19 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33‐3.62, P = .002) and NFS < −1.455 (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.51‐3.91, P < .001) after adjustment for confounding factors.ConclusionsWe found a progressive reduction of LAL activity according to liver disease severity. LAL activity was inversely associated with markers of liver fibrosis in patients with NAFLD.
Implicit Theories of Negotiation: Developing a Measure of Agreement Fluidity
Authors: Friedman Raymond A. , Pinkley Robin L. , Bottom William P. , Liu Wu , Gelfand Michele 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNegotiation scholars generally model agreement as the terminal “endpoint” of the process. From this perspective, parties instantaneously realize their outcomes when agreement is reached. Although this conception may also reflect the understanding of some negotiators (those with what we call a “fixed agreement” mindset), we argue that others actually envision agreement as one step in an ongoing process (what we call a “fluid agreement” mindset). To spur research on this topic, we report initial progress on development of a new measure of agreement fluidity. Basic psychometric properties for this measure were established using six correlational samples that demonstrate aspects of both discriminant and convergent validity. Fixed agreement mindset appears to predict important behaviors during and after the negotiation process.
Oxygen Isotopic Study on the Date‐Nagai Skarn‐Type Tungsten Deposit, Northeastern Japan
Authors: Oyunjargal Luvsannyam , Matsukura Kei , Hayashi Ken‐ichiro 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe skarn‐type tungsten deposit of the Date‐Nagai mine is genetically related to the granodiorite batholith of the Iidateyama body. Skarn is developed along the contact between pelitic hornfels and marble that remains as a small roof pendant body directly above the granodiorite batholith. Zonal arrangement of minerals is observed in skarn. The zonation consists of wollastonite, garnet, garnet‐epidote, and vesuvianite‐garnet zones, from marble to hornfels. Sheelite is included in garnet, garnet‐epidote, and vesuvianite‐garnet zones. The oxygen isotope values of skarn minerals were obtained as δ18O = 4.2–7.7‰ for garnet, 5.9–6.9‰ for vesuvianite, −0.3–3.4‰ for scheelite, 6.0–10.9‰ for quartz, and 8.2‰ for muscovite. The temperature of skarn‐formation was calculated from oxygen isotopic values of scheelite‐quartz pairs to be 288°C. Calculated oxygen isotope values of fluid responsible for skarn minerals were 6.1–9.5‰ for garnet, 1.2–4.8‰ for scheelite, −1.3‐3.6‰ for quartz, and 4.5‰ for muscovite. Garnet precipitated from the fluids of different δ18O values from scheelite, quartz, and muscovite. These δ18O values suggest that the origin of fluid responsible for garnet was magmatic water, while evidence for the presence of a meteoric component in the fluids responsible for middle to later stages minerals was confirmed.
Unit bar architecture in a highly‐variable fluvial discharge regime: Examples from the Burdekin River, Australia
Authors: Herbert Christopher M. , Alexander Jan , Amos Kathryn J. , Fielding Christopher R. 
Published: August 2019

AbstractUnit bars are relatively large bedforms that develop in rivers over a wide range of climatic regimes. Unit bars formed within the highly‐variable discharge Burdekin River in Queensland, Australia, were examined over three field campaigns between 2015 and 2017. These bars had complex internal structures, dominated by co‐sets of cross‐stratified and planar‐stratified sets. The cross‐stratified sets tended to down‐climb. The development of complex internal structures was primarily a result of three processes: (i) superimposed bedforms reworking the unit bar avalanche face; (ii) variable discharge triggering reactivation surfaces; and (iii) changes in bar growth direction induced by stage change. Internal structures varied along the length and across the width of unit bars. For the former, down‐climbing cross‐stratified sets tended to pass into single planar cross‐stratified deposits at the downstream end of emergent bars; such variation related to changes in fluvial conditions whilst bars were active. A hierarchy of six categories of fluvial unsteadiness is proposed, with these discussed in relation to their effects on unit bar (and dune) internal structure. Across‐deposit variation was caused by changes in superimposed bedform and bar character along bar crests; such changes related to the three‐dimensionality of the channel and bar geometry when bars were active. Variation in internal structure is likely to be more pronounced in unit bar deposits than in smaller bedform (for example, dune) deposits formed in the same river. This is because smaller bedforms are more easily washed out or modified by changing discharge conditions and their smaller dimensions restrict the variation in flow conditions that occur over their width. In regimes where unit bar deposits are well‐preserved, their architectural variability is a potential aid to their identification. This complex architecture also allows greater resolution in interpreting the conditions before and during bar initiation and development.
The Role of Culture and Evolution for Human Cognition
Authors: Bender Andrea 
Published: August 2019

AbstractSince the emergence of our species at least, natural selection based on genetic variation has been replaced by culture as the major driving force in human evolution. It has made us what we are today, by ratcheting up cultural innovations, promoting new cognitive skills, rewiring brain networks, and even shifting gene distributions. Adopting an evolutionary perspective can therefore be highly informative for cognitive science in several ways: It encourages us to ask grand questions about the origins and ramifications of our cognitive abilities; it equips us with the means to investigate, explain, and understand key dimensions of cognition; and it allows us to recognize the continued and ubiquitous workings of culture and evolution in everyday instances of cognitive behavior. Taking advantage of this reorientation presupposes a shift in focus, though, from human cognition as a general, homogenous phenomenon to the appreciation of cultural diversity in cognition as an invaluable source of data.
Effects of almond, dried grape and dried cranberry consumption on endurance exercise performance, recovery and psychomotor speed: protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: d'Unienville Noah M A , Hill Alison M , Coates Alison M , Yandell Catherine , Nelson Maximillian J , Buckley Jonathan D 
Published: August 2019

BackgroundFoods rich in nutrients, such as nitrate, nitrite, L-arginine and polyphenols, can promote the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which may induce ergogenic effects on endurance exercise performance. Thus, consuming foods rich in these components, such as almonds, dried grapes and dried cranberries (AGC), may improve athletic performance. Additionally, the antioxidant properties of these foods may reduce oxidative damage induced by intense exercise, thus improving recovery and reducing fatigue from strenuous physical training. Improvements in NO synthesis may also promote cerebral blood flow, which may improve cognitive function.Methods and analysisNinety-six trained male cyclists or triathletes will be randomised to consume ~2550 kJ of either a mixture of AGC or a comparator snack food (oat bar) for 4 weeks during an overreaching endurance training protocol comprised of a 2-week heavy training phase, followed by a 2-week taper. The primary outcome is endurance exercise performance (5 min time-trial performance) and secondary outcomes include markers of NO synthesis (plasma and urinary nitrites and nitrates), muscle damage (serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase), oxidative stress (F2-isoprostanes), endurance exercise function (exercise efficiency, submaximal oxygen consumption and substrate utilisation), markers of internal training load (subjective well-being, rating of perceived exertion, maximal rate of heart rate increase and peak heart rate) and psychomotor speed (choice reaction time).ConclusionThis study will evaluate whether consuming AGC improves endurance exercise performance, recovery and psychomotor speed across an endurance training programme, and evaluate the mechanisms responsible for any improvement.Trial registration numberACTRN12618000360213.
MAKING YOUR KNOWLEDGE MINE: THE INTEGRATION OF EXTERNAL KNOWLEDGE IN CROSS-INDUSTRY INNOVATION
Authors: LYNG HILDA B. , BRUN ERIC CHRISTIAN 
Published: August 2019

We explore mechanisms of how knowledge integration is achieved at the individual level in cross-industry innovation projects. Our research is based on theory of cross-industry innovation (CII), absorptive capacity (ACAP), apprenticeship learning and communication as well as case analysis of seven cross-industry projects. To integrate external knowledge, actors in the target sector need to adopt — i.e., take ownership of — external knowledge from the source sector. We present a model by which such knowledge adoption is achieved. Central elements are the phases of knowledge acquisition, assimilation and transformation, a cyclic process of conveyance and convergence, and a bi-directional process of learning. Legitimacy, prior knowledge of CII collaboration and retranslation were found to be facilitators of the process. Our research extends current theory of knowledge integration in CII and provides managerial implications.
ОКУЛЬТНА HCV-ІНФЕКЦІЯ (ОГЛЯД ЛІТЕРАТУРИ)
Authors: Potii V. V. , Kiriienko V. T. , Glukhova O. I. , Gryshchenko S. Y. , Potii D. O. 
Published: August 2019

Окультна HCV-інфекція, форма інфекції, яку визначають як наявність РНК HCV у гепатоцитах при відсутності РНК HCV в сироватці або плазмі крові за наявності або відсутності HCV-антитіл при використанні звичайних лабораторних тестів. Виявлення РНК у мононуклеарах периферійної крові й/або тканині печінки на сьогодні вважають золотим стандартом у діагностиці окультної HCV-інфекції. У статті представлено огляд наявних літературних даних, присвячених поширеності, клінічній характеристиці, вивченню факторів ризику розвитку окультної HCV-інфекції у пацієнтів із досвідом лікування, які досягли стійкої вірусологічної відповіді. Представлено дослідження, в яких вивчали зв’язок окультної форми HCV-інфекції із лімфопроліферативними захворюваннями й кріоглобулінемією. Визначено практичні рекомендації щодо виявлення окультної HCV-інфекції як можливої причини прогресування захворювання печінки у певних групах хворих.
Мета дослідження – покращити діагностику криптогенного гепатиту шляхом виключення окультної HCV-інфекції як можливої причини ураження печінки.
Результати численних літературних даних вказують на наявність окультної форми гепатиту С. Окультну форму гепатиту С необхідно виключити як можливу причину ураження печінки, особливо в осіб із прогресуванням захворювання: в осіб зі спонтанним кліренсом вірусу гепатиту С, у пацієнтів, які одержали противірусну терапію з приводу хронічного гепатиту С й досягли стійкої вірусологічної відповіді, однак мають клінічні й/або лабораторні ознаки прогресування захворювання печінки; у пацієнтів із криптогенним захворюванням печінки після виключення можливих причин як вірусної (HСV, HBV, EBV, CMV тощо), так і невірусної етіологій. Необхідні дослідження для подальшого довгострокового вивчення даної форми захворювання, оскільки ряд авторів заперечують існування окультної формі гепатиту С.
MORPHOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF PLACENTA IN WOMEN WITH PRETERM LABOR
Authors: Sitnikova V. O. , Nadvorna О. M. , Kashiyan О. V. 
Published: August 2019

Preterm labor is one of the most current problems of modern medicine. Preterm labor is defined as the birth of a child in the gestation period less than 37 full weeks of gestation and is the second most common cause (after congenital anomalies) of neonatal mortality [3]. The highest percentage of morbidity and mortality occurs in children born to gestational age less than 32 weeks, although the proportion of these newborns is 16 % of all preterm infants [4]. Preterm labor is a polyetiology problem that depends on many factors. One of the major problems is the formation of placental dysfunction, which manifests itself by morphofunctional changes in the placenta associated with violation of uterine-placental circulation.
The aim of the study – to obtain the peculiarities of placentas’ histological condition in women with burdent anamnesis and preterm labor with different Apgar point scale of newborn.
Materials and Methods. A total of 19 placentas of women with preterm labor were observed in Maternal Hospital No. 5 of Odesa, Ukraine. We studed their residence areas, obstetrical and gynacology anamnesis, current pregnancy and labor anamnesis. We exa­mined the ultrasound datas of the newborns, studied their anthropometric, Apgar scale and histology of placentas’ datas. All interviewed women were devided into two groups: less than 35 years old – 12 women of the group 1 and more than 35 years old – 7 women, it was the group 2. The average age of the examined groups was 31.3 years old. Statistical datas processing was carried out by using the Fisher angular transformation. The degree of probability (P) between two comparative values was considered to be statistically valid when P<0.05.
The research results showed that all elder women were married, lived in ecoregions of the city, had more often revolved to artificial reproductive technologies, had singleton gestation compared to younger group of patients. Newborns of women afer 35 had better points of Apgar scale and no one had IUGR compared to newborns of the younger women. Signs of placenta dysfynction were detected in placentas of both groups of women.
Conclusions. In our investigation the women of different age groups with preterm labor had signs of placenta dysfunction but women after 35 years had better datas of newborn babies according to Apgar scale and absence of IUGR. Probably, it is connected with residency, official marriage and better preconceptional preparation in this group.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SMALL INTESTINE OF RATS WITH ACUTE GENERALIZED PERITONITIS
Authors: Dzyubanovsky I. Ya. , Vervega B. M. , Pіdruchna S. R. , Melnyk N. A. 
Published: August 2019

The main cause of mortality in acute generalized peritonitis (AGP) is the development of multiple organ insufficiency. The intestine is the organ where the first changes develop in this pathology.
The aim of the study – to research and evaluate the morphological changes in the small intestine wall of animals with experimental AGP.
Materials and Methods. 32 white rats were used in this study. Acute peritonitis was modeled by introduction of 10 % fecal suspension in the dosage of 0.5 ml per 100 g of the animal's weight into the abdominal cavity of rats by puncture. The terms of observation: the 1st, 3rd and the 7th days from the beginning of the peritonitis modeling. For histological study the intestinal tissue was taken. The resulting pieces of the organ were fixed in a 10 % neutral formalin solution, which were then stained with hematoxylin and eosin.
Results and Discussion. On the 3rd day of the experiment in animals with a modeled AGP, vascular changes were manifested first of all by the rounding (retraction) of endothelial cells or their desquamation and the appearance of defects, that allow plasma proteins and the formed elements of blood to leave circulation boundaries of the vascular bed. On the 7 th day in animals with a modeled AGP increased vascular permeability of the mucous membrane of the small intestine was accompanied by a significant edema of the stroma of the villi and by focal hemorrhages.
Conclusion. Consequently, the distinct inflammatory changes in all terms of the injury were seen in the wall of the small intestine at the simulated AGP. The significant expansion of the capillaries and venules against the background of inflammatory infiltration in the stroma of the glandular component of the small intestine was noted on the 1st day from the beginning of the experiment. An increase in the height of intestinal villus and a crypt with retraction and desquamation of endothelial cells in the wall of vessels, which caused platelet adhesion in the areas of destruction was observed on the 3rd day. The areas of focal necrosis of the superficial epithelium, which were accompanied by multiple hemorrhages per diapedesis in the perivascular space of the mucous membrane, were seen in the wall of the small intestine of animals with a simulated AGP on the 7th day.
One Step Back, Two Steps Forward: Interference and Learning in Recurrent Neural Networks
Authors: Beer Chen , Barak Omri 
Published: August 2019

Artificial neural networks, trained to perform cognitive tasks, have recently been used as models for neural recordings from animals performing these tasks. While some progress has been made in performing such comparisons, the evolution of network dynamics throughout learning remains unexplored. This is paralleled by an experimental focus on recording from trained animals, with few studies following neural activity throughout training. In this work, we address this gap in the realm of artificial networks by analyzing networks that are trained to perform memory and pattern generation tasks. The functional aspect of these tasks corresponds to dynamical objects in the fully trained network—a line attractor or a set of limit cycles for the two respective tasks. We use these dynamical objects as anchors to study the effect of learning on their emergence. We find that the sequential nature of learning—one trial at a time—has major consequences for the learning trajectory and its final outcome. Specifically, we show that least mean squares (LMS), a simple gradient descent suggested as a biologically plausible version of the FORCE algorithm, is constantly obstructed by forgetting, which is manifested as the destruction of dynamical objects from previous trials. The degree of interference is determined by the correlation between different trials. We show which specific ingredients of FORCE avoid this phenomenon. Overall, this difference results in convergence that is orders of magnitude slower for LMS. Learning implies accumulating information across multiple trials to form the overall concept of the task. Our results show that interference between trials can greatly affect learning in a learning-rule-dependent manner. These insights can help design experimental protocols that minimize such interference, and possibly infer underlying learning rules by observing behavior and neural activity throughout learning.
In the Shadows of the Middle East’s Wars, Oil, and Peace: the Construction of Female Desires and Lesbianism in Middlebrow Egyptian Literature
Authors: Hammad Hanan 
Published: August 2019

Abstract
This article employs the fictional writings of the Egyptian author Iḥsān ‘Abd al-Quddūs (1919–1990) to analyze the textually tangled anxiety over women’s sexuality and rapid political and socioeconomic changes in postcolonial Egypt and the Arab-East. Arguably one of the most prolific writers in Arabic in the twentieth century, ‘Abd al-Quddūs has achieved wide readership, and producers have adapted his books to popular commercial films and TV shows. Breaking taboos on women’s sexual desires, ‘Abd al-Quddūs’s work has been influential in shaping the popular notion about lesbian love wherein frustration with the postcolonial realities—inscribed by the Arab-Israeli conflict, Oil Boom, and globalization—have become entangled with the fear of women’s mobility and liberation.
Implementation of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta at the Korean Regional Trauma Center
Authors: Park Youngeun , Yu Byungchul , Lee Giljae , Lee Jungnam , Choi Kangkook , Han Ahram 
Published: August 2019

Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta is used as adjunctive management for a profound shock in some trauma centers. We report our early experience of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta to describe the implementation and possible indications of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta. Objective: This study was designed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta based on our experience and share our implementation process by trauma surgeons in Korea. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive cases of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in profound shock due to noncompressible torso hemorrhage at a single Korean trauma center. Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta was introduced and implemented with written protocol and endovascular training courses. Results: All cases ( n = 24) were done for blunt mechanisms. Twelve cases (50%) were resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta in zone I, three cases (12.5%) were zone II, and nine cases (45%) in zone III. Mean pre-occlusion systolic blood pressure was 47 mm Hg and mean systolic blood pressure increase was 41.3 mm Hg. Twenty-one patients (87.5%) survived at trauma bay and seven patients (29.2%) survived and discharged without neurologic deficit. There were two complications directly related to the procedure. Conclusion: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta is a useful adjunctive skill for trauma surgeons, and a brief training course can help in the implementation of the procedure.
A case for psychosocial interventions to prevent mental illness
Authors: Craig Tom K. J. 
Published: August 2019

SUMMARYThe development of effective preventions for psychosis is hindered by conceptual challenges underlying diagnosis and the fact that few of the many biological risk factors identified to date are sufficiently well understood to form the basis of a targeted intervention. On the other hand, a great deal is known of the psychosocial conditions that increase the lifetime risk of most mental illnesses: surely enough to justify better resourcing of interventions focused on antenatal care and the emotional well-being of children from the early years through adolescence, where as much as a half of all mental ill health has its roots.DECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.