bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression and function of dopamine in odontoblasts
Authors: Fujino Shoko , Hamano Sayuri , Tomokiyo Atsushi , Itoyama Tomohiro , Hasegawa Daigaku , Sugii Hideki , Yoshida Shinichiro , Washio Ayako , Nozu Aoi , Ono Taiga , Wada Naohisa , Kitamura Chiaki , Maeda Hidefumi 
Published: October 2019

AbstractDopamine (DA) is produced from tyrosine by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). A recent study has reported that DA promotes the mineralization of murine preosteoblasts. However, the role of DA in odontoblasts has not been examined. Therefore, in this investigation, we researched the expression of TH and DA in odontoblasts and the effects of DA on the differentiation of preodontoblasts (KN‐3 cells). Immunostaining showed that TH and DA were intensely expressed in odontoblasts and preodontoblasts of rat incisors and molars. KN‐3 cells expressed D1‐like and D2‐like receptors for DA. Furthermore, DA promoted odontoblastic differentiation of KN‐3 cells, whereas an antagonist of D1‐like receptors and a PKA signaling blocker, inhibited such differentiation. However, antagonists of D2‐like receptors promoted differentiation. These results suggested that DA in preodontoblasts and odontoblasts might promote odontoblastic differentiation through D1‐like receptors, but not D2‐like receptors, and PKA signaling in an autocrine or paracrine manner and plays roles in dentinogenesis.
c‐Fos separation from Lamin A/C by GDF15 promotes colon cancer invasion and metastasis in inflammatory microenvironment
Authors: Ding Youxiang , Hao Kun , Li Zhaohe , Ma Rong , Zhou You , Zhou Zhou , Wei Mian , Liao Yan , Dai Yao , Yang Yue , Zhang Xiaobo , Zhao Li 
Published: October 2019

AbstractInflammatory microenvironment is an important factor for promoting cancer invasion and metastasis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we mimicked an inflammatory microenvironment both in vitro and in vivo and investigated its effects on the invasion and metastasis of colon cancer. Moreover, colon cancer patient samples were also analyzed statistically. Conditioned medium from the differentiated macrophages induced invasion and migration of colon cancer cells in vitro, which could be reversed by the treatment of a neutralizing anti‐growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) antibody, indicating GDF15 involvement in inflammation‐induced invasiveness. Also, we observed similar effects of human recombinant GDF15 on colon cancer cells. Mechanistically, GDF15 activated c‐Fos by separating it from Lamin A/C, increasing transcriptional activity of c‐Fos and regulating EMT gene expressions. However, c‐Fos knockdown using lentivirus shRNA plasmid inhibited GDF15‐triggered invasion and migration in vitro. In vivo, inflammation caused by lipopolysaccharides obviously increased GDF15 secretion, and c‐Fos knockdown reduced the lung metastasis of colon cancer cells in mice model. In addition, c‐Fos expressions in patient samples were found to be associated with colon cancer metastasis and TNM stages. Taken together, GDF15 in inflammatory microenvironment induces colon cancer invasion and metastasis by regulating EMT genes by activating c‐Fos, which might be a potential therapeutic target for metastatic colon cancer.
Production of biodiesel from safflower plant cultivated using membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluent discharged from wastewater treatment plant
Authors: Jalilnejad Falizi Nasim , Güngören Madenoğlu Tülay , Kukul Kurttaş Yasemin , Meriç Kamil , Gürgülü Hatice , Özçakal Emrah , Cengiz Üremek Nihal , Ballice Levent , Yüksel Mithat , Sağlam Mehmet , Kabay Nalan 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreased water demand caused by population growth has forced the reuse of wastewater after treatment. Safflower is a salt‐tolerant plant that can be irrigated with moderately saline water. Cultivation of safflower plant can be achieved by irrigation with membrane bioreactor (MBR)‐treated wastewater and further utilized in oil and then biodiesel production according to standard (TS EN 14214). Irrigation water quality can impact oil and biodiesel yield and content.RESULTSIn this study, safflower plants were cultivated using different irrigation strategies in a field next to a wastewater treatment plant in Menderes‐Izmir, Turkey. These strategies were: irrigation weekly with MBR‐treated wastewater or with tap water; with MBR‐treated wastewater just three times during phenological periods; and without irrigation. Oil yields for seeds of the plants irrigated by these strategies were 103.8, 98.7, 63.7 and 57.4 (kg oil daa−1), respectively. Oil yield was found to be highest following weekly irrigation with MBR‐treated wastewater that has a high salinity of 4 mS cm−1. Safflower oil methyl ester (SOME) contents of biodiesel were 94.6 and 94.5% (g SOME:g biodiesel), and ester yields of biodiesel were 71.3 and 81.4% (g biodiesel:g oil–1) for safflower irrigated weekly with MBR‐treated wastewater and tap water, respectively.CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that SOME yields and contents of safflowers irrigated with MBR‐treated wastewater and tap water weekly are so close. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Active chemical fractions with high fungistatic activity of humic‐like substances obtained via different extraction solvents
Authors: Wei Shiping , Wu Meng , Li Guilong , Li Pengfa , Qiu Cunpu , Jiang Chunyu , Liu Ming , Li Zhongpei 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDHumic‐like substances (HULIS) for use in controlling soil‐borne diseases have been a research focus, but obtaining HULIS with high fungistatic activity via different extraction solvents has been challenging. In this work, three solvents were selected to extract HULIS from weathered coal. Inhibition rates against phytopathogens were used to evaluate the fungistatic activities of HULIS. Element contents (C, N, S, and O) and carbon‐13‐cross polarization magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C‐CP‐MAS NMR) spectra were used to evaluate the chemical composition. The relationships between the chemical compositions and fungistatic activities were assessed by redundancy analysis (RDA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR).RESULTSThe results showed that HULIS extracted with different solvents varied in the element contents, organic carbon structures and fungistatic activities. HULIS extracted with potassium hydroxide–ethanol had the highest content of C, the lowest contents of N and O, and the highest fungistatic activities (up to 71.86%). Consistent results through RDA and PLSR shows that C and S had positive effects on the fungistatic activity, while N and O had negative effects. Aliphatic C in HULIS had positive effects on the fungistatic activity, while the aromatic fraction and anomeric C had negative effects.CONCLUSIONIn summary, different solvents extracted different fractions from weather coal. Mixed solvents with organic and inorganic solvents were more beneficial for extracting active fractions with higher fungistatic activity of HULIS from weather coal. The results of this work provide a good theoretical basis for the application of HULIS extracted from weathered coal. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Jeffamine® ED‐600: a polyether amine donor for enzymatic transamination in organic solvent/solvent‐free medium with membrane‐assisted product extraction
Authors: Matassa Claudia , Romani Alessandra , Ormerod Dominic , Bornscheuer Uwe T , Höhne Matthias , Satyawali Yamini 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDAmine transaminases have been extensively used for synthesizing various pharmaceutically relevant compounds, mainly in aqueous media. However, their applications are often limited by poor substrate solubility, low productivity and difficult product separation. This paper reports the use of Jeffamine® ED‐600, a novel polyether amine donor, for the transaminase‐catalyzed synthesis of 4‐phenyl‐2‐butylamine in non‐aqueous media.RESULTSEnzymatic transamination was performed in the presence of a non‐polar organic solvent (n‐heptane), in which the selected amine donor is not soluble, thus a two‐liquid‐phase system was achieved. Coupling the reaction system with membrane‐assisted extraction resulted in simultaneous recovery of product, without any consistent contamination of the unreacted substrates. Moreover, a product yield of 60% was reached, compared with 15% without product extraction. The reaction was also successfully conducted without addition of any organic solvent, thus providing the first example of a solvent‐free transamination system. In the presence of only enzyme and substrates, up to 6‐fold higher product concentrations were achieved compared with the reaction performed in organic solvent.CONCLUSIONThe use of the Jeffamine® ED‐600 in non‐aqueous media resulted beneficial for 4‐phenyl‐2‐butylamine synthesis. Enzymatic transamination in organic solvent with membrane‐assisted product extraction enabled shifting of the equilibrium and selective product extraction. Solvent‐free transamination minimized the required volume of the reactor and minimized the environmental impact. Extension to other substrate/enzyme solvent‐free systems could open new possibilities and perspectives in transaminase‐catalyzed chiral amine synthesis. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of simultaneous autotrophic–heterotrophic denitrification with high removal of nitrogen, sulfur and carbon: optimization through response surface methodology
Authors: Peirano Clio , Guerrero Lorna , Barahona Andrea , Montalvo Silvio , Huiliñir Cesar , Da Silva Cristopher , Borja Rafael 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDSome liquid industrial wastes are rich in sulfur (S), nitrogen (N) and organic matter, causing eutrophication of lakes and rivers. These wastes also are highly toxic to aquatic organisms and pose serious health problems. Biological N removal is performed by denitrification. Heterotrophic denitrifiers oxidize organic matter to CO2 gas and reduce nitrate (NO3−) to N2 gas, whereas autotrophic denitrifiers oxidize reduced S compounds by reducing nitrate. Thus, a simultaneous denitrification process will allow for the removal of all these elements.RESULTSA response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyze the effects of the ratios heterotrophic:autotrophic bacteria (H:A, 0.2–1.9), the molar Ac−(Acetate):NO3− (0.2–1.05) and thiosulfate (S2O32−):NO3− (0.15–1.1) on the denitrification process. The highest concentrations of sulfate were obtained with H:A = 0.2; Ac−: NO3− = 1.05 and S2O32−:NO3− = 0.91.CONCLUSIONHigh NO3− (average 95.0 ± 3.3%) removals were obtained in all experiments, the optimal values predicted by the RSM were obtained at H:A = 0.54, Ac−:NO3− = 1.05 and S2O32−:NO3− = 0.41. When analyzing the removal of Ac−, the recommended optimal operating values were: Ac−:NO3− = 1.05; H:A = 0.37 and S2O32−:NO3− = 0.8–0.9. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Correlation between increased postpubertal phallic growth and the initiation of cranial sexual dimorphisms in male Morelet's crocodile
Authors: Moore Brandon C. , Holliday Casey M. , McMurry Scott T. , Platt Steven G. , Rainwater Thomas R. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractWhile puberty is an animal commonality, little is known of its timing or process in crocodylians. Males copulate with an intromittent phallus that has a distinct glans morphology which directly interacts with the female cloaca, putatively effecting effective semen transfer and ultimately increased fecundity. Here we present, during the Morelet's crocodile lifecycle, a well‐defined body length (65 cm snout‐vent length) inflection point that marks a subsequent increase of phallic glans growth rates. Putatively, this postpubescent growth produces a copulatory‐effective phallus. While not as robust of a trend as snout‐vent length, this growth inflection concomitantly begins with a body condition index (CI = BM/SVL3) between 2.0 and 2.5 and is most distinct above a CI of 2.5. Also, in males, this 65 cm size threshold also aligns with the initiation of more robust growth in caniniform alveoli associated with prominent maxillary and mandibular teeth. This inflection was not observed in females, thus marking a sexual dimorphism that begins to present with the onset of puberty. This bodily manifestation of puberty other than those changes observed in the reproductive tracts is a novel observation for crocodylians and lays a foundation for further study among species of how changing endocrine signaling within sexually maturing males may also influence a broader range of secondary sex characteristics.
Effects of temperature and meal size on the postprandial metabolic response of Leptodactylus latrans (Anura, Leptodactylidae)
Authors: Timpone Luá T. , Gavira Rodrigo S. B. , Andrade Denis V. 
Published: October 2019

AbstractThe postprandial increment of metabolism, often referred to as specific dynamic action (SDA), encompasses the summed costs of meal ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation. Different SDA parameters, such as its magnitude, duration, and relative cost, are affected by a diverse set of environmental and physiological determinants, including meal size and body temperature. While the influence of these variables has been thoroughly examined in most ectothermic vertebrate groups, few studies have focused on the determinants and consequences of the SDA response in anuran amphibians. Thus, we examined the effects of meal size and body temperature on the SDA response of a Neotropical frog, Leptodactylus latrans, by measuring the rates of oxygen consumption of frogs while fasting and after being fed meals of different sizes at different temperatures. SDA lasted from 3 to 5 days and increased with meal size for frogs fed meals equivalent to 5–15% of their body mass. SDA cost was not affected by meal size and averaged 14.6% of the caloric content of the meal. Temperature increment was accompanied by proportional increases in metabolic rate and shorter SDA duration. The relative SDA cost averaged 14.8% of the meal caloric content at 20°C and 25°C, but increased to 23.5% at 30°C. Our results indicate that meal size imposes no physiological or energetic constraint to L. latrans feeding. Digestion at temperatures near the thermal preference of the species seems to optimize energetic return, whereas the shortening of SDA duration at higher temperatures may provide significant ecological advantages.
Motives for choosing, switching and stopping daily or event‐driven pre‐exposure prophylaxis – a qualitative analysis
Authors: Zimmermann Hanne ML , Eekman Sanne W , Achterbergh Roel CA , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F , Prins Maria , de Vries Henry JC , Hoornenborg Elske , Davidovich Udi ,   On behalf of the Amsterdam PrEP Project team in the HIV Transmission Elimination AMsterdam Consortium (H‐TEAM)
Published: October 2019

AbstractIntroductionIn settings where both daily and event‐driven pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are offered to men who have sex with men (MSM), a clear understanding of the motives to choose between the different dosing‐regimens can facilitate more effective PrEP implementation. We therefore studied the motives for choosing for, switching between, and stopping daily or event‐driven PrEP.MethodsWe used data (August 2015‐June 2017) from the prospective, longitudinal, open‐label Amsterdam PrEP demonstration study, in which daily (dPrEP) and event‐driven PrEP (edPrEP) were offered to 374 HIV‐negative MSM and two transgender persons. Participants self‐selected the preferred PrEP‐regimen at baseline and could switch regimens at three‐monthly follow‐up visits. We measured motives for choosing PrEP‐regimen at baseline and for switching and stopping PrEP at follow‐up visits. Open‐ and closed‐end items were combined and qualitatively analysed.ResultsChoices of PrEP‐regimens were determined by personal and contextual factors, involving the perceived self‐efficacy concerning adherence, the risk‐context, and the anticipated impact of PrEP on physical and sexual wellbeing. dPrEP was preferred because of the anticipated better adherence and the fear of side‐effects relating to edPrEP re‐initiations. Moreover, dPrEP was perceived to be more effective than edPrEP. Motives to choose edPrEP were the expected physical burden of dPrEP, anticipated side‐effects of dPrEP, and fear to forget daily doses. Regarding the risk‐context: dPrEP was preferred for unplanned and/or frequent sex, while edPrEP was chosen when risk was predictable and/or less frequent. While some chose for dPrEP to gain more sexual freedom, others chose for edPrEP to minimize sexual risk episodes. Changes in the above factors, such as changing risk patterns, changing relationships or changing physical conditions, resulted in switching regimens. Choices to stop PrEP were related to lower sexual risk, adherence issues and side‐effects.ConclusionsThe great diversity of motives illustrates the importance of offering a choice of PrEP‐regimens. In counselling of MSM starting PrEP, choices for PrEP‐regimens may be addressed as a continuum of flexible and changeable options over time. This may help individuals choose the PrEP‐regimen that best fits their current sexual context, priorities and personal capabilities and therefore will be more easily adhered to.
Extracting Voxel‐Based Cartilage Relaxometry Features in Hip Osteoarthritis Subjects Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Liao Tzu‐Chieh , Pedoia Valentina , Neumann Jan , Link Thomas M. , Souza Richard B. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: October 2019

BackgroundMRI‐based relaxation time measurements provide quantitative assessment of cartilage biochemistry. Identifying distinctive relaxometry features in hip osteoarthritis (OA) might provide important information on regional disease variability.PurposeFirst, to incorporate fully automatic voxel‐based relaxometry (VBR) with principal component analysis (PCA) to extract distinctive relaxometry features in subjects with radiographic hip OA and nondiseased controls. Second, to use the identified features to further distinguish subjects with cartilage compositional abnormalities.Study TypeCross‐sectional.SubjectsThirty‐three subjects with radiographic hip OA (20 males; age, 50.2 ± 13.3 years) and 55 controls participated (28 males; 41.3 ± 12.0 years).SequenceA 3.0T scanner using 3D SPGR, combined T1ρ/T2, and fast spin echo sequences.AssessmentPelvic radiographs, patients' self‐reported symptoms, physical function, and cartilage morphology were analyzed. Cartilage relaxation times were quantified using traditional regions of interest and VBR approaches. PCA was performed on VBR data to identify distinctive relaxometry features, and were subsequently used to identify a subgroup of subjects from the controls that exhibited compositional abnormalities.Statistical TestsChi‐square and independent t‐tests were used to compare group characteristics. Logistic regression models were used to identify the possible principal components (PCs) that were able to predict OA vs. control classification.ResultsIn T1ρ assessment, OA subjects demonstrated higher T1ρ values in the posterior hip region and deep cartilage layer when compared with controls (P = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively). In T2 assessment, OA subjects exhibited higher T2 values in the posterior hip region (P < 0.001). Based on the PC score classification, 16 subjects without radiographic evidence of OA demonstrated relaxometry patterns similar to OA subjects, and exhibited worse physical function (P = 0.003) and cartilage lesions (P = 0.009–0.032) when compared with the remaining controls.Data ConclusionThe study identified distinctive cartilage relaxometry features that were able to discriminate subjects with and without radiographic hip OA effectively.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1708–1719.
Showing their mettle: extraradical mycelia of arbuscular mycorrhizae form a metal filter to improve host Al tolerance and P nutrition
Authors: Seguel Alex , Meier Felix , Azcón Rosario , Valentine Alex , Meriño‐Gergichevich Cristian , Cornejo Pablo , Aguilera Paula , Borie Fernando 
Published: October 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDNew evidence has shown that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi can contribute to the aluminum (Al3+) tolerance of host plants growing in acidic soils with phytotoxic levels of Al3+. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of AM fungi isolated from naturally occurring Al3+ acidic soils in conferring host tolerance to Al3+ toxicity in three wheat cultivars differing in Al3+ sensitivity. The experiment was conducted in a soilless substrate (vermiculite/perlite, 2:1 v/v) using two Al3+‐tolerant wheat genotypes and one Al3+‐sensitive wheat genotype. The wheat was colonized with a consortium of AM fungi isolated from an Andisol, with or without Al3+ at a concentration of 200 μmol L−1.RESULTSThe response of wheat to Al3+ in the medium was dependent on both the plant genotype and AM colonization. The benefits of the AM fungi to the wheat cultivars included an increased P concentration and relatively low Al3+ accumulation in the plants. This was achieved through two mechanisms. First, the metal‐chelating capacity of the AM fungi was clear in two of the cultivars (‘Tukan’ and ‘Porfiado’), in which the enhanced extraradical mycelium development was able to retain Al3+ in the glomalin and hyphae. Second, the increased AM‐induced acid phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of the other cultivar (‘Atlas 66’) increased host nutrition possibly by hyphae‐mediated nutrient uptake and glomalin‐related soil protein.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that the role of AM fungi in cultivar‐specific Al3+ detoxification can be achieved by increased extraradical mycelial filters and enhanced bioavailability of P in the host rhizosphere. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A comprehensive study of erosivity and soil erosion over a small tropical islet: Round Island, Mauritius
Authors: Hedding David William , Calvert Darren Rhett , Tatayah Vikash , Cole Nik , Ruhomaun Kevin , Khadun Ashok , Sumner Paul Douglas , Nel Werner 
Published: October 2019

AbstractRound Island, a small (219‐ha) volcanic island 22.5 km north of Mauritius, has steep slopes and thin soils. This small tropical island was previously subjected to overgrazing by goats and rabbits, which detrimentally affected ecosystem functioning. Classified as a nature reserve since 1957, Round Island houses the last remnant of palm savannah that has been lost on mainland Mauritius and is a refuge to several endemic and endangered species. Landscape restoration and ecosystem functioning on Round Island are key conservation objectives, but soil erosion remains a significant hindrance to habitat restoration and ecosystem functioning. Here, we investigate soil erosion on Round Island and assess the implications for conservation and management. Sediment movement was monitored monthly (2015–2018) at seven soil erosion plots coupled with rainfall and erosivity measurements. A mean annual sediment movement rate of 0.2136 t ha−1 yr −1 is calculated. Although this rate of sediment movement is low for humid tropical regions, the barren landscape and low contemporary rates of soil erosion suggest that most of the erodible soil has already been eroded. Interrill erosion of the shallow soils and friable parent material is closely correlated with rainfall erosivity and exacerbated by limited vegetation cover. Continued revegetation is recommended to retard soil erosion and restore ecosystem functioning. The paper also emphasises that rainstorms are the greatest single phenomena affecting earth surface processes on and around the island of Mauritius. As such, long‐term monitoring of the interaction between the surface and climate is required to provide insights for conservation management.