bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Meta‐Analysis of the Impact of Natural Disasters on Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Youth
Authors: Rubens Sonia L. , Felix Erika D. , Hambrick Erin P. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractAlthough exposure to natural disasters can lead to diverse mental health (MH) outcomes in youth, most child disaster MH research has focused on posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). To highlight the likelihood of other MH outcomes, we meta‐analyzed studies that have examined other (non‐PTSS) internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in youth exposed to natural disasters. We used PRISMA guidelines to systematically gather studies that have examined the association between natural disaster exposure and non‐PTSS internalizing and/or externalizing problems in samples of children and adolescents. Analyses of random effects models of 62 studies examining non‐PTSS internalizing problems and 26 studies examining externalizing problems showed exposure to natural disasters was significantly associated with non‐PTSS internalizing, rmean = .18, k = 70, and externalizing problems, rmean = .08; k = 31, in youth. Moderator analyses revealed a stronger association between disaster exposure and non‐PTSS internalizing problems in countries with a “medium” Human Development Index (HDI) ranking, r = .56, than in countries with “high,” r = .15, and “very high,” r = .16, HDI rankings. We also found a stronger association between disaster exposure and externalizing problems in countries with a medium HDI ranking, r = .54, versus high, r = .05, and very high, r = .04, HDI rankings, and based on parent, r = .16, compared to child, r = −.01, report. Results support the need for assessment of multiple postdisaster MH outcomes to inform comprehensive interventions. We also include a discussion of the state of the disaster MH research.
Observed Emotional Expressivity, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration Among Community Couples
Authors: Sullivan Timothy J. , Leifker Feea R. , Marshall Amy D. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractImpaired emotional processes are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and are implicated in intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. To address the interpersonal context of PTSD, emotion, and IPV, we examined interactions among one's own and one's partner's emotional expressivity and PTSD symptom severity in association with IPV perpetration. Heterosexual couples (N = 56) in which at least one partner met screening criteria for PTSD engaged in two video‐recorded discussions about negative and positive aspects of their relationships. Videos were coded for observed emotional expressiveness during moments participants reported experiencing significant emotions. Actor‐partner interdependence models revealed few main effects of emotional expressivity, except that women's expressivity of positive emotions was positively associated with men's IPV perpetration, r2adj = .14. Emotional expressivity played a larger role among couples managing PTSD symptoms; that is, the association between one's own PTSD symptom severity and more IPV perpetration was stronger among men who expressed more negative emotions, r2adj = .19, and women who expressed fewer negative emotions, r2adj = .21. Several partner effects suggested the importance of understanding the dyadic nature of these constructs. For example, men's PTSD symptom severity was differentially associated with each partners’ IPV perpetration based on women's expressivity of positive emotion, r2adj = .22–.27. Understanding of emotional expressivity in the link between PTSD and IPV must include consideration of gender differences in how these constructs operate interpersonally. Strategies to promote moderate and safe communication of positive and negative emotions may prevent IPV escalation, particularly among couples managing PTSD symptoms.
De facto diagnosis specialties: Recognition and discovery
Authors: Zhang Aston , Lu Xun , Gunter Carl A. , Yao Shuochao , Tao Fangbo , Zhu Rongda , Gui Huan , Fabbri Daniel , Liebovitz David , Malin Bradley 
Published: June 2018

AbstractA medical specialty indicates the skills needed by health care providers to conduct key procedures or make critical judgments. However, documentation about specialties may be lacking or inaccurately specified in a health care institution. Thus, we propose to leverage diagnosis histories to recognize medical specialties that exist in practice. Such specialties that are highly recognizable through diagnosis histories are de facto diagnosis specialties. We aim to recognize de facto diagnosis specialties that are listed in the Health Care Provider Taxonomy Code Set (HPTCS) and discover those that are unlisted. First, to recognize the former, we use similarity and supervised learning models. Next, to discover de facto diagnosis specialties unlisted in the HPTCS, we introduce a general discovery‐evaluation framework. In this framework, we use a semi‐supervised learning model and an unsupervised learning model, from which the discovered specialties are subsequently evaluated by the similarity and supervised learning models used in recognition. To illustrate the potential for these approaches, we collect 2 data sets of 1 year of diagnosis histories from a large academic medical center: One is a subset of the other except for additional information useful for network analysis. The results indicate that 12 core de facto diagnosis specialties listed in the HPTCS are highly recognizable. Additionally, the semi‐supervised learning model discovers a specialty for breast cancer on the smaller data set based on network analysis, while the unsupervised learning model confirms this discovery and suggests an additional specialty for Obesity on the larger data set. The potential correctness of these 2 specialties is reinforced by the evaluation results that they are highly recognizable by similarity and supervised learning models in comparison with 12 core de facto diagnosis specialties listed in the HPTCS.
Recent Progress in Macromolecule‐Anchored Hybrid Gold Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Luo Zheng , Xu Yang , Ye Enyi , Li Zibiao , Wu Yun‐Long 
Published: June 2018

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs), with elegant thermal, optical, or chemical properties due to quantum size effects, may serve as unique species for therapeutic or diagnostic applications. It is worth mentioning that their small size also results in high surface activity, leading to significantly impaired stability, which greatly hinders their biomedical utilizations. To overcome this problem, various types of macromolecular materials are utilized to anchor AuNPs so as to achieve advanced synergistic effect by dispersing, protecting, and stabilizing the AuNPs in polymeric–Au hybrid self‐assemblies. In this review, the most recent development of polymer–AuNP hybrid systems, including AuNPs@polymeric nanoparticles, AuNPs@polymeric micelle, AuNPs@polymeric film, and AuNPs@polymeric hydrogel are discussed with respect to their different synthetic strategies. These sophisticated materials with diverse functions, oriented toward biomedical applications, are further summarized into several active domains in the areas of drug delivery, gene delivery, photothermal therapy, antibacterials, bioimaging, etc. Finally, the possible approaches for future design of multifunctional polymer–AuNP hybrids by combining hybrid chemistry with biological interface science are proposed.
Hyperbranched Polymers by Light‐Induced Self‐Condensing Vinyl Polymerization
Authors: Aydogan Cansu , Ciftci Mustafa , Yagci Yusuf 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHyperbranched polymers (HBPs), a unique class of dendritic macromolecules, have received continuous interest from macromolecular scientists due to their inherent properties such as high level of functional terminal units, high solubility, and low viscosity. Despite enormous efforts devoted to the synthesis of HBPs by traditional methods such as single and double monomer strategies involving step‐growth polymerization and self‐condensing vinyl polymerization (SCVP) processes, there have been limited attempts to employ light‐induced processes. Photochemical methods, however, exhibit distinct advantages not characteristically disclosed by traditional ones, such as spatial and temporal control, low energy, and site‐specific activation. This review, after a brief summary of the conventional methods, presents the unique features and the key functionalities of the inimers for photoinduced SCVP and strategies for preparing HBPs.
Organic electronics incorporating crown ethers as Na+ binding elements, towards a simple printable hydration sensor
Authors: Holmes Natalie P. , Elkington Daniel C. , Walters Jessica , Nicholson Lee M. , Capozza Mirelle , Magno Maria Hanshella R. , Vijayarajan Shalini , Zhou Xiaojing , Belcher Warwick J. , Dastoor Paul C. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractHere, we present the development of organic electronic sensors containing crown ethers as ion binding elements for application in Na+ detection for health monitoring. The design, fabrication and characterization of chemiresistor‐based sensors using simple solution processing methods amenable to printing were demonstrated. The analyte testing comprised aqueous solutions of sodium chloride (0, 20, 50, 80 and 130 mM), with the Na+ concentration reflecting the range which occurs in human sweat. The introduction of the crown ether binding sites into the sensors was an iterative process, with three types of molecules trialled. The most effective molecule was found to be poly[(dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6)‐co‐formaldehyde], a polymer which comprises a linked chain of crown ether subunits. The binding of Na+ ions to the crown ether sites of the polymer was measured by comparing the amperometric characteristics of devices without crown ether binding sites (Reference Device) to those with crown ether binding sites (CE Device), following exposure to an analyte solution. For an 80 mM Na+ analyte solution, we observed a sensor response of 116.2 nA (It = 600 s) for the Reference Device (average) reduce to a value of 44.8 nA (It = 600 s) for the CE Device (average). This sensor shows a proof of concept towards low‐cost, solution‐processable sodium ion sensors suitable for mass production on flexible substrates.
Technical Note: An hybrid parallel implementation for EGSnrc Monte Carlo user codes
Authors: Doerner Edgardo , Caprile Paola 
Published: June 2018

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to present a parallel solution for the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code system combining MPI and OpenMP programming models as an alternative to the provided implementation, based on the use of a batch‐queueing system (BQS).MethodsRelying on a previous implementation based on OpenMP by E. Doerner and P. Caprile [Med. Phys. 44, 6672 (2017)], this work incorporates MPI features to efficiently distribute the simulation on current high‐performance computing (HPC) systems. These features are introduced through properly defined macros, which are enabled depending on the compilation flags given by the user. The presented solution was benchmarked using the DOSXYZnrc code for a 6 MV clinical photon beam impinging on an homogeneous water phantom.ResultsThe platform validation against the serial run results confirmed that the introduction of new features does not modify the final dose distribution. The performance tests indicated that the new implementation was able to handle efficiently the workload distribution among the computing units available. Using all the resources available, the hybrid simulation was 10% faster than the MPI only solution and 30% faster than the BQS implementation.ConclusionsThe hybrid method presented is a viable solution to parallelize MC simulations using the EGSnrc codes in distributed computing systems in an simple and efficient way, taking advantage of the available resources and giving the user the possibility of choosing between different parallelization schemes (only OpenMP/MPI or a combination of both).
Design of Acrylic Dispersants for Nonaqueous Dispersion Polymerization: The Importance of Thermodynamics
Authors: Zhang Mingmin , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: June 2018

AbstractPoly(acrylic) nanoparticles produced by nonaqueous dispersion (NAD) radical polymerization are important components in many automotive coating formulations. A series of experiments show that the properties of final dispersions (particle size distribution, viscosity, and stability) correlate to the thermodynamics of the NAD system, as characterized by solubility parameters and solubility distances among the continuous phase, the soluble polymeric dispersant, and the polymer particles. The insights gained have enabled the design of a macromonomer dispersant containing greater than 10 mol% 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate, a necessary functional comonomer addition for end‐use properties. Stable NAD products were synthesized by changing the principal component of the dispersant from butyl methacrylate to 2‐ethylhexyl methacrylate.
Improving large‐scale implementations by applying research and data analysis: A case study on First 5 LA's implementation of PCIT in Los Angeles County
Authors: Bahng Grace , Taborga Marcia , Bae Christine , Jimenez Armando 
Published: June 2018

This paper presents the case of First 5 LA's 5‐year countywide implementation of the Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) program. Enthusiasts of PCIT point to it as a high‐quality parenting program with the potential to positively influence child behavior, reduce recidivism into the child welfare system, and increase caregiver's confidence and self‐esteem. In September 2012, First 5 LA, an independent County agency in Los Angeles that advocates on behalf of parents with young children, began a $20 million countywide implementation of PCIT. The collaborative effort between First 5 LA, the Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health, the Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services, and the University of California, Davis demonstrates the role that research and data analysis can play in improving large‐scale implementations.The authors of this paper were contracted to conduct an evaluation of the implementation of the countywide PCIT program, and preliminary outcomes were analyzed after the first round of data collection in early 2015. This paper will discuss this case and provide examples of how research and data analysis were used effectively to make key improvements to the design and implementation of the program. The paper will then discuss bureaucratic challenges and constraints with the collaborative use of research and data. The paper will conclude with some recommendations on how research and data can effectively be used to influence policy implementation in large‐scale implementations involving collaboration among multiple organizations.
Molecular characterization and functional analysis of pheromone binding proteins and general odorant binding proteins from Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae)
Authors: Tian Zhiqiang , Qiu Guisheng , Li Yanyan , Zhang Huaijiang , Yan Wentao , Yue Qiang , Sun Lina 
Published: June 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), is one of the most destructive pests of pome and stone fruits, while few studies of their molecular biology and physiology have been conducted. Research into CsasPBPs (Carposina sasakii pheromone binding proteins) and CsasGOBPs (Carposina sasakii general odorant binding proteins) may provide insights in to the mechanisms of olfaction in Carposina sasakii.RESULTSIn our study, results of real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays demonstrated that CsasPBP1–3 and CsasGOBP1–2 transcripts were abundantly expressed in the antennae of both sexes, suggesting they play a vital role in olfaction. In addition, to examine specific functional differences between pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) and general odorant binding proteins (GOBPs), fluorescence competitive binding assays were used to measured the binding affinities for the two sex pheromones and 18 apple plant volatiles. As a result, both PBPs and GOBPs showed stronger binding affinities to Z‐7‐eicosene‐11‐one than Z‐7‐nonadecene‐11‐one in two sex pheromones, whereas only PBP3 exhibited specific affinity towards both these two sex pheromone components, and PBP1 showed a high binding affinity to the sex pheromone components, and to other plant volatiles. In addition, GOBP1–2 displayed high binding affinity to general components of plant volatiles.CONCLUSIONOur study suggested CsasPBPs and CsasGOBPs play distinct physiological roles in the perception of sex pheromones and host plant volatiles. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Two CUSUM schemes for simultaneous monitoring of parameters of a shifted exponential time to events
Authors: Huang Shuo , Mukherjee Amitava , Yang Jun 
Published: June 2018

AbstractTwo‐parameter (shifted) exponential distribution is widely applied in many areas such as reliability modeling and analysis where time to failure is protected by a guaranty period that induces an origin parameter in the exponential model. Despite a large volume of works on inferential aspects of two‐parameter exponential distribution, only few studies are done from the perspective of process monitoring. In the modern production process, where items come with a warranty, we often encounter shifted‐exponential time between events from consumers' perspective, and therefore, in this paper, we propose two CUSUM schemes for joint monitoring of the origin and scale parameters based on the Maximum Likelihood estimators. We study the in‐control behavior of the proposed procedures via Markov chain approach as well as applying Monte Carlo. We provide detailed implementation strategies of the two schemes along with the follow‐up procedures to identify the source of shifts when an out‐of‐control signal is obtained. We examine the performance properties of CUSUM schemes and find that the two proposed schemes offer performance advantages over the Shewhart‐type schemes especially for monitoring small to moderate shifts. Further, we provide some guidance for choosing the appropriate schemes and study the effect of reference parameter k of the CUSUM schemes. We also investigate the optimal design of reference values both in known and unknown shift cases. Finally, two examples are given to illustrate the implementation of the proposed approach.
Halloysite Nanotubes Templated Acid‐Base Bi‐functional Hollow Polymeric Solids for Select Conversion of Cellulose to 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Zhang Yunlei , Liu Meng , Zhao Jiaojiao , Wang Kai , Meng Minjia , Yan Yongsheng 
Published: June 2018

AbstractDue to its excellent catalytic performance, low production of waste and easy recyclability, heterogeneous catalysts employed for conversion of cellulose to HMF have been drawn wide attention in recent years. In this work, precipitation polymerization methodology, subsequent template remove, and the sulfonation technique are combined to synthesis hollow polymeric solid catalysts with tunable acid‐base bi‐functional sites. By simply varying the parameters of precipitation polymerization, the acid and base strengths can be easily adjusted. The catalytic performances of synthesized catalysts were evaluated for 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production from cellulose conversion in ionic liquid of 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]‐Cl). And 41.63% of HMF yield can be obtained under the optional conditions. Furthermore, catalyst can be easily recovered and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity. This research opens up a versatile method to synthesize multifunctional catalyst for excellent conversion of one‐pot cellulose to HMF.
PolyA tracks, polybasic peptides, poly‐translational hurdles
Authors: Arthur Laura L. , Djuranovic Sergej 
Published: June 2018

The abundance of messenger RNA (mRNA) is one of the major determinants of protein synthesis. As such, factors that influence mRNA stability often contribute to gene regulation. Polyadenylation of the 3′ end of mRNA transcripts, the poly(A) tail, has long been recognized as one of these regulatory elements given its influence on translation efficiency and mRNA stability. Unwanted translation of the poly(A) tail signals to the cell an aberrant polyadenylation event or the lack of stop codons, which makes this sequence an important element in translation fidelity and mRNA surveillance response. Consequently, investigations into the effects of the poly(A) tail lead to the discoveries that poly‐lysine as well as other polybasic peptide sequences and, to a much greater extent, polyA mRNA sequences within the open reading frame influence mRNA stability and translational efficiency. Conservation and evolutionary selection of codon usage in polyA track sequences across multiple organisms suggests a biological significance for coding polyA tracks in the regulation of gene expression. Here, we discuss the cellular responses and consequences of coding polyA track translation and synthesis of polybasic peptides.This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Mechanisms
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Left ventricular function and mechanics following prolonged
endurance exercise: an update and meta-analysis with insights from novel
techniques
Authors: Lord Rachel N. , Utomi Victor , Oxborough David L. , Curry Bryony A. , Brown Megan , George Keith P. 
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Background
The cardiac consequences of undertaking endurance exercise are the topic of
recent debate. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on a growing
body of literature, focusing on left ventricular (LV) function following
prolonged endurance exercise over 2 h in duration which have employed novel
techniques, including myocardial speckle tracking, to provide a more
comprehensive global and regional assessment of LV mechanics.

Methods
Prospective studies were filtered independently following a pre-set criteria,
resulting in the inclusion of 27 studies in the analyses. A random-effects
meta-analysis was used to determine the weighted mean difference and 95%
confidence intervals (CI) of LV functional and mechanical data from
pre-to-post-exercise. Narrative commentary was also provided where volume of
available evidence precluded meta-analysis.

Results
A significant overall reduction in LV longitudinal strain (Ɛ) n = 22
(− 18 ± 1 to − 17 ± 1%; effect size (d) − 9:
− 1 to − 0.5%), strain rate n = 10 (SR;d − 0.9: − 0.1.3 to − 0.5 l/s) and twistn = 5 (11.9 ± 2.2 to 8.7 ± 2.2°,d − 1: − 1.6 to − 0.3°) was observed
following strenuous endurance exercise (range 120–1740 min) (P < 0.01). A smaller number of studies
(n = 4) also reported a non-significant
reduction in global circumferential and radial Ɛ (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
The meta-analysis and narrative commentary demonstrated that a reduction in LV
function and mechanics is evident following prolonged endurance exercise. The
mechanism(s) responsible for these changes are complex and likely
multi-factorial in nature and may be linked to right and left ventricular
interaction.