bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chinese Adolescents’ Relationships with Mothers, Fathers, and Siblings: Associations With Youth's Internalising and Externalising Problems
Authors: Feng Yi , Whiteman Shawn D. , Xu Siyu , Li Ling , Jin Shenghua , French Doran C. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe associations between Chinese adolescents’ family (maternal, paternal, and sibling) relationship qualities and their adjustment were examined among 540 Chinese families over a one-year period. Path analysis revealed that father-offspring positivity was associated with lower levels of internalising problems, whereas mother-offspring conflict predicted youths’ depressive symptoms and loneliness. Controlling for parent-offspring relationships, sibling intimacy inversely predicted youths’ internalising and externalising problems, whereas sibling conflict predicted youths’ loneliness. Multigroup comparisons revealed that youth gender moderated the associations between maternal conflict and youths’ depressive symptoms, as well as sibling intimacy and youths’ loneliness. Overall, results highlight the importance of family systems for Chinese youths’ mental health and the need to study sibling relationships in future studies of Chinese families.
New marine reptile fossils from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Greenland
Authors: Delsett LL , Alsen P 
Published: July 2019

AbstractKnowledge about marine reptile diversity and disparity during the Late Jurassic is increasing. This contribution describes marine reptile skeletal elements (ichthyosaur and plesiosaur) from Kingofjeld mountain in NE Greenland. The assemblage is early Late Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) in age, and consists ofc. 100 disarticulated skeletal elements. The location is of biogeographic importance as it was at the time situated between the Boreal realm and the Tethys Sea and is promising in terms of future prospecting.
A comparison of the heat stability of fresh milk protein concentrates obtained by microfiltration, ultrafiltration and diafiltration
Authors: Renhe Isis Rodrigues Toledo , Zhao Zhengtao , Corredig Milena 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe objective of this work was to evaluate the impact of changes during membrane filtration on the heat stability of milk protein concentrates. Dairy protein concentrates have been widely employed in high protein drinks formulations and their stability to heat treatment is critical to ensure quality of the final product. Pasteurized milk was concentrated three-fold by membrane filtration, and the ionic composition was modified by addition of water or permeate from filtration (diafiltration). Diafiltration with water did not affect the apparent diameter of the casein micelles, but had a positive effect on heat coagulation time (HCT), which was significantly longer (50 min), compared to the non diafiltered concentrates (about 30 min). UHT treatments increased the particle size of the casein micelles, as well as the turbidity of retentates. Differences between samples with and without diafiltration were confirmed throughout further analysis of the protein composition of the unsedimentable fraction, highlighting the importance of soluble protein composition on the processing functionality of milk concentrates.
Haemostasis and analgesia with autologous platelet-rich plasma in tonsillectomy
Authors: Chettri M N , Jayagandhi S K , Konyak Y , Sobita P , Singh M M , Singh A M 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectiveA single-centre, single-blinded prospective experimental study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of autologous platelet-rich plasma applied to the tonsillar bed post-operatively in reducing post-operative pain and haemorrhage.MethodsPlatelet-rich plasma, prepared prior to surgery, was applied with calcium gluconate to one randomly chosen tonsillar fossa. Pain and haemorrhage were analysed, using a visual analogue scale and a pre-defined grading scale respectively, four times on the day of surgery at 2-hourly intervals, and thrice on the following day.ResultsThe pain score and haemorrhage grade on the test side were lower than on the control side. These findings were statistically significant.ConclusionThis pilot study, conducted in India, revealed valid positive results for a promising new technology. The manual preparation of platelet-rich plasma could be automated in the future to allow a larger sample size.
Proton acceleration in a laser-induced relativistic electron vortex
Authors: Yi L. Q. , Pusztai I. , Pukhov A. , Shen B. F. , Fülöp T. 
Published: July 2019

We show that when a solid plasma foil with a density gradient on the front surface is irradiated by an intense laser pulse at a grazing angle,${\sim}80^{\circ }$, a relativistic electron vortex is excited in the near-critical-density layer after the laser pulse depletion. The vortex structure and dynamics are studied using particle-in-cell simulations. Due to the asymmetry introduced by non-uniform background density, the vortex drifts at a constant velocity, typically$0.2{-}0.3$times the speed of light. The strong magnetic field inside the vortex leads to significant charge separation; in the corresponding electric field initially stationary protons can be captured and accelerated to twice the velocity of the vortex (100–200 MeV). A representative scenario – with laser intensity of$10^{21}~\text{W}~\text{cm}^{-2}$– is discussed: two-dimensional simulations suggest that a quasi-monoenergetic proton beam can be obtained with a mean energy 140 MeV and an energy spread of${\sim}10\,\%$. We derive an analytical estimate for the vortex velocity in terms of laser and plasma parameters, demonstrating that the maximum proton energy can be controlled by the incidence angle of the laser and the plasma density gradient.
Survey of Hepatocystis parasites of fruit bats in the Amurum forest reserve, Nigeria, identifies first host record for Rousettus aegyptiacus
Authors: Atama N. , Manu S. , Ivande S. , Rosskopf S. P. , Matuschewski K. , Schaer J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractParasites of the genus Hepatocystis are close relatives of Plasmodium that frequently infect epauletted fruit bats across West and East Africa. Our understanding of susceptible hosts and prevalence of infection of Hepatocystis remains fragmented. Non-invasive sampling of bat assemblages in representative habitats critically contribute to haemosporidian parasite distribution maps. Here, we report on a survey of Hepatocystis parasite infections in bats undertaken over two consecutive years in a protected area in Nigeria, where prevalence and diversity of bat-infecting haemosporidian parasites have not been studied. Microscopic examination of blood films in combination with PCR detection and sequencing revealed Hepatocystis infections with prevalences of 25% and 42% in the closely related epauletted fruit bats Epomophorus sp. and Micropteropus pusillus. For the first time, mature Hepatocystis gametocytes were identified in one Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus). This novel host record was confirmed by parasite and host genotyping and suggests that Hepatocystis parasites have a broader host distribution in African fruit bats than currently known.
Self-harm in women with postpartum mental disorders
Authors: Johannsen Benedicte Marie , Larsen Janne Tidselbak , Laursen Thomas Munk , Ayre Karyn , Howard Louise M. , Meltzer-Brody Samantha , Bech Bodil Hammer , Munk-Olsen Trine 
Published: July 2019

AbstractBackgroundWomen suffering from first onset postpartum mental disorders (PPMD) have a highly elevated risk of suicide. The current study aimed to: (1) describe the risk of self-harm among women with PPMD and (2) investigate the extent to which self-harm is associated with later suicide.MethodsWe conducted a register-based cohort study linking national Danish registers. This identified women with any recorded first inpatient or outpatient contact to a psychiatric facility within 90 days after giving birth to their first child. The main outcome of interest was defined as the first hospital-registered episode of self-harm. Our cohort consisted of 1 202 292 women representing 24 053 543 person-years at risk.ResultsAmong 1554 women with severe first onset PPMD, 64 had a first-ever hospital record of self-harm. Women with PPMD had a hazard ratio (HR) for self-harm of 6.2 (95% CI 4.9–8.0), compared to mothers without mental disorders; but self-harm risk was lower in PPMD women compared to mothers with non-PPMD [HR: 10.1, (95% CI 9.6–10.5)] and childless women with mental disorders [HR: 9.3 (95% CI 8.9–9.7)]. Women with PPMD and records of self-harm had a significantly greater risk for later suicide compared with all other groups of women in the cohort.ConclusionsWomen with PPMD had a high risk of self-harm, although lower than risks observed in other psychiatric patients. However, PPMD women who had self-harmed constituted a vulnerable group at significantly increased risk of later suicide.
Detection and Tracking of Moving Obstacles (DATMO): A Review
Authors: Llamazares Ángel , Molinos Eduardo J. , Ocaña Manuel 
Published: July 2019

SummaryWorking with mobile robots, prior to execute the local planning stage, they must know the environment where they are moving. For that reason the perception and mapping stages must be performed previously. This paper presents a survey in the state of the art in detection and tracking of moving obstacles (DATMO). The aim of what follows is to provide an overview of the most remarkable methods at each field specially in indoor environments where dynamic obstacles can be potentially more dangerous and unpredictable. We are going to show related DATMO methods organized in three approaches: model-free, model-based and grid-based. In addition, a comparison between them and conclusions will be presented.
Motion Planning for Deformable Linear Objects Under Multiple Constraints
Authors: Ma Jiangtao , Liu Jianhua , Ding Xiaoyu , Lv Naijing 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYDeformable linear objects (DLOs) have a wide variety of applications in a range of fields. Their key characteristic is that they extend much further in one of their dimensions than in the other two. Accurate motion planning is particularly important in the case of DLOs used in robotics applications. In this paper, a new strategy for planning the motions of DLOs under multiple constraints is proposed. The DLO was modeled as Cosserat elastic rods so that the deformation is simulated accurately and efficiently. The control of the motion of the DLO was enhanced by supplementing one gripper installed at each end with additional supports. This allows DLOs to undergo complex deformations, and thus avoid collisions during motion. The appropriate number of supports and their positions were determined, and then a rapidly exploring random tree algorithm was used to search for the best path to guide the DLO toward its target destination. The motion of the simulated DLO is described as it is controlled using two grippers and specific numbers of supports. To prove that the proposed DLO motion planning strategy can successfully guide relatively long DLOs through complex environments without colliding with obstacles, a case study of the strategy was conducted when guiding a DLO through a puzzle.
GM-VPC: An Algorithm for Multi-robot Coverage of Known Spaces Using Generalized Voronoi Partition
Authors: Nair Vishnu G. , Guruprasad K. R. 
Published: July 2019

SUMMARYIn this paper we address the problem of coverage path planning (CPP) for multiple cooperating mobile robots. We use a ‘partition and cover’ approach using Voronoi partition to achieve natural passive cooperation between robots to avoid task duplicity. We combine two generalizations of Voronoi partition, namely geodesic-distance-based Voronoi partition and Manhattan-distance-based Voronoi partition, to address contiguity of partition in the presence of obstacles and to avoid partition-boundary-induced coverage gap. The region is divided into 2D×2Dgrids, whereDis the size of the robot footprint. Individual robots can use any of the single-robot CPP algorithms. We show that with the proposed Geodesic-Manhattan Voronoi-partition-based coverage (GM-VPC), a complete and non-overlapping coverage can be achieved at grid level provided that the underlying single-robot CPP algorithm has similar property.We demonstrated using two representative single-robot coverage strategies, namely Boustrophedon-decomposition-based coverage and Spanning Tree coverage, first based on so-called exact cellular decomposition and second based on approximate cellular decomposition, that the proposed partitioning scheme completely eliminates coverage gaps and coverage overlaps. Simulation experiments using Matlab and V-rep robot simulator and experiments with Fire Bird V mobile robot are carried out to validate the proposed coverage strategy.
COOL Music: a ‘bottom-up’ music intervention for hard-to-reach young people in Scotland
Authors: Millar Stephen R. , Steiner Artur , Caló Francesca , Teasdale Simon 
Published: July 2019

AbstractCommunity Orientated and Opportunity Learning (COOL) Music was a 12-month collaborative project between researchers at Glasgow Caledonian University and practitioners at the Edinburgh-based social enterprise Heavy Sound. The project began in October 2017 and involved 16 sessions of participatory music making with 32 ‘hard-to-reach’ young people (aged 12–17) aimed at increasing confidence and self-esteem and improving social skills. Using COOL Music as a case study, this article explores some of the challenges faced by community-based arts organisations tasked with delivering such interventions, contrasting COOL Music’s small-scale, targeted, community-based approach with prevailing top-down music interventions in Scotland. We argue that such programmes are particularly suitable in engaging those at the margins of society, reaching them on their own terms through music that resonates with their own lived experience. However, we acknowledge the short-term and transitory nature of such projects may prove problematic for some hard-to-reach groups who require more stability in their lives and may also lead to staff fatigue and burnout. We call for further research in these areas, and greater policy attention to be paid to the sustainability of such projects.
Commentary. In Praise of Studies That Use More Than One Generic Preference-Based Measure
Authors: Feeny David , Furlong William , Torrance George W. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractObjectives and BackgroundGeneric preference-based (GPB) measures of health-related quality of life (HRQL) are widely used as outcome measures in cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses (CEA, CUA). Health technology assessment agencies favor GPB measures because they facilitate comparisons among conditions and because the scoring functions for these measures are based on community preferences. However, there is no gold standard HRQL measure, scores generated by GPB measures may differ importantly, and changes in scores may fail to detect important changes in HRQL. Therefore, to enhance the accumulation of empirical evidence on how well GPB measures perform, we advocate that investigators routinely use two (or more) GPB measures in each study.MethodsWe discuss key measurement properties and present examples to illustrate differences in responsiveness for several major GPB measures across a wide variety of health contexts. We highlight the contributions of longitudinal head-to-head studies.ResultsThere is substantial evidence that the performance of GPB measures varies importantly among diseases and health conditions. Scores are often not interchangeable. There are numerous examples of studies in which one GPB measure was responsive while another was not.ConclusionsInvestigators should use two (or more) GPB measures. Study protocols should designate one measure as the primary outcome measure; the other measure(s) would be used in secondary analyses. As evidence accumulates it will better inform the relative strengths and weaknesses of alternative GPB measures in various clinical conditions. This will facilitate the selection and interpretation of GPB measures in future studies.
The quality of child-directed speech depends on the speaker's language proficiency
Authors: HOFF Erika , CORE Cynthia , SHANKS Katherine F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany children learn language, in part, from the speech of non-native speakers who vary in their language proficiency. To investigate the influence of speaker proficiency on the quality of child-directed speech, 29 mothers who were native English speakers and 31 mothers who were native speakers of Spanish and who reported speaking English to their children on a regular basis were recorded interacting with their two-year-old children in English. Of the non-native speakers, 21 described their English proficiency as ‘good’, and eight described their English proficiency as ‘limited’. ANCOVAs, controlling for differences in maternal education and child language level, revealed significant effects of group on lexical and grammatical properties of child-directed speech that the literature has identified as positive predictors of child language development. These results suggest that the child-directed speech of native speakers and non-native speakers with good proficiency provide a richer database for language acquisition than the child-directed speech of speakers with limited proficiency.
Hilbert’s 16th problem on a period annulus and Nash space of arcs
Authors: FRANÇOISE JEAN–PIERRE , GAVRILOV LUBOMIR , XIAO DONGMEI 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper introduces an algebro-geometric setting for the space of bifurcation functions involved in the local Hilbert’s 16th problem on a period annulus. Each possible bifurcation function is in one-to-one correspondence with a point in the exceptional divisorEof the canonical blow-upBIℂnof the Bautin idealI. In this setting, the notion of essential perturbation, first proposed by Iliev, is defined via irreducible components of the Nash space of arcsArc(BIℂn,E). The example of planar quadratic vector fields in the Kapteyn normal form is further discussed.
Classifying spaces for commutativity of low-dimensional Lie groups
Authors: ANTOLÍN–CAMARENA OMAR , GRITSCHACHER SIMON PHILIPP , VILLARREAL BERNARDO 
Published: July 2019

AbstractFor each of the groups G = O(2), SU(2), U(2), we compute the integral and $\mathbb{F}_2$-cohomology rings of BcomG (the classifying space for commutativity of G), the action of the Steenrod algebra on the mod 2 cohomology, the homotopy type of EcomG (the homotopy fiber of the inclusion BcomG → BG), and some low-dimensional homotopy groups of BcomG.
Do contact languages influence the distribution of prepositions in Estonian dialects?
Authors: Ruutma Mirjam 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe origins of prepositional phrase structure in Finnic languages shows little evidence of being contact-induced. However, whether language contact has influenced the structure at a later stage is debatable. The current paper provides new findings on the topic of contact-induced change by comparing the distribution of prepositions in Estonian dialects with the respective contact languages. The purpose is to determine whether the usage frequency of prepositions is higher in areas mainly in contact with prepositional Indo-European languages. The topic is approached from a corpus-based, frequency-driven viewpoint. The results show a small, gradual decrease in the use of prepositions from the northeastern to the western dialect areas. Thus, the uneven but regular distribution of prepositions in Estonian dialects cannot be explained with language contact. This evidence supports the general understanding that adpositions are an unlikely class to be influenced by contact.
Marketing the Research Missions of Academic Medical Centers: Why Messages Blurring Lines Between Clinical Care and Research Are Bad for both Business and Ethics
Authors: YARBOROUGH MARK , HOUK TIMOTHY , PERRAULT SARAH TINKER , SCHENKER YAEL , SHARP RICHARD R. 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:Academic Medical Centers (AMCs) offer patient care and perform research. Increasingly, AMCs advertise to the public in order to garner income that can support these dual missions. In what follows, we raise concerns about the ways that advertising blurs important distinctions between them. Such blurring is detrimental to AMC efforts to fulfill critically important ethical responsibilities pertaining both to science communication and clinical research, because marketing campaigns can employ hype that weakens research integrity and contributes to therapeutic misconception and misestimation, undermining the informed consent process that is essential to the ethical conduct of research. We offer ethical analysis of common advertising practices that justify these concerns. We also suggest the need for a deliberative body convened by the Association of American Medical Colleges and others to develop a set of voluntary guidelines that AMCs can use to avoid in the future, the problems found in many current AMC advertising practices.
Research Ethics and Justice: The Case of Finland
Authors: TAKALA TUIJA , HÄYRY MATTI 
Published: July 2019

Abstract:This paper explores how Finnish research ethics deals with matters of justice on the levels of practical regulation, political morality, and theoretical studies. The bioethical sets of principles introduced by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress in the United States and Jacob Dahl Rendtorff and Peter Kemp in Europe provide the conceptual background, together with a recently introduced conceptual map of theories of justice and their dimensions. The most striking finding is that the internationally recognized requirement of informed consent for research on humans can be ideologically tricky in a Scandinavian welfare state setting.
Term evaluation metrics in imbalanced text categorization
Authors: Naderalvojoud Behzad , Akcapinar Sezer Ebru 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis paper proposes four novel term evaluation metrics to represent documents in the text categorization where class distribution is imbalanced. These metrics are achieved from the revision of the four common term evaluation metrics:chi-square,information gain,odds ratio, andrelevance frequency. While the common metrics require a balanced class distribution, our proposed metrics evaluate the document terms under an imbalanced distribution. They calculate the degree of relatedness of terms with respect to minor and major classes by considering their imbalanced distribution. Using these metrics in the document representation makes a better distinction between the documents of the minor and major classes and improves the performance of machine learning algorithms. The proposed metrics are assessed over three popular benchmarks (two subsets of Reuters-21578 and WebKB) by using four classification algorithms: support vector machines, naive Bayes, decision trees, and centroid-based classifiers. Our empirical results indicate that the proposed metrics outperform the common metrics in the imbalanced text categorization.