bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in Children’s Dietary Inflammatory Index and association with prediabetes in U.S. adolescents
Authors: Chen Zisu , Wu Jing , Ai Kepeng , Bu Zhuying , Niu Wenquan , Li Min 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Background and Objectives
Prediabetes is a high-risk state for diabetes. We aimed to illustrate secular trends in the Children’s Dietary Inflammation Index (C-DII) among U.S. adolescents and assess its association with prediabetes.

Methods
Adolescents aged 12–18 years were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2018. Prediabetes was defined based on Hemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose, and glucose tolerance levels. Risk was quantified by odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results
A total of 13,684 adolescents were analyzed, representing a weighted total population of 33,351,181. C-DII scores declined significantly from 2001 to 2012 and increased from 2013 to 2018. The relationship between C-DII and prediabetes was roughly linear. When assigning the low C-DII scores as the reference, adolescents with medium and high C-DII scores were 1.22 (adjusted 95% CI: 1.04–1.44) and 1.25 (0.99–1.60) times more likely to have prediabetes. In subgroup analyses, the risk for prediabetes was significantly enhanced in boys (adjusted OR = 1.26 and 1.45 for medium and high C-DII scores, 95% CI: 1.05–1.51 and 1.09–1.92), and in adolescents living in poor families for medium (1.34 and 1.44, 1.08–1.67 and 1.07–1.95).

Conclusions
Our findings indicate a V-shaped secular trend in C-DII scores from 2001 to 2018 in U.S. adolescents, with the nadir in 2011–2012, and the risk for prediabetes was significantly increased by over 20% in adolescents possessing medium or high C-DII scores.
The role of ATP-binding Cassette subfamily B member 6 in the inner ear
Authors: Baril Stefanie A. , Wilson Katie A. , Shaik Md Munan , Fukuda Yu , Umans Robyn A. , Barbieri Alessandro , Lynch John , Gose Tomoka , Myasnikov Alexander , Oldham Michael L. , Wang Yao , Zhu Jingwen , Fang Jie , Zuo Jian , Kalathur Ravi C. , Ford Robert C. , Coffin Allison , Taylor Michael R. , O’Mara Megan L. , Schuetz John D. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractABCB6 has been implicated in dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, a condition characterized by hyperpigmented and hypopigmented skin macules. Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria can also present with hearing loss. Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria-associated mutations in ABCB6 have been reported, but the role of this protein in the inner ear has not been studied. Here we determine a high-resolution (2.93 Å) cryo-EM structure of ABCB6 and functionally characterized several dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria mutants. We find that the L356P mutant abolishes ABCB6 function, and affirm the underlying loss of ATP binding mechanism using molecular dynamics simulations based on our cryo-EM structure. To test the role of ABCB6 in the inner ear, we characterize Abcb6 (the ABCB6 homolog) in zebrafish. We show that Abcb6 suppression by morpholinos reduces inner ear and lateral line hair cell numbers. Morphants also lack the utricular otolith, which is associated with vestibular function. Co-injecting morpholinos with human ABCB6 mRNA partially rescues the morphant phenotype, suggesting that Abcb6 plays a developmental role in inner ear structures. Further, we show that Abcb6 knockout mice exhibit an increased auditory brainstem response threshold, resulting in reduced hearing sensitivity. Taken together, these data suggest ABCB6 plays a role in inner ear development and function.
Convergent neural signatures of speech prediction error are a biological marker for spoken word recognition
Authors: Sohoglu Ediz , Beckers Loes , Davis Matthew H. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractWe use MEG and fMRI to determine how predictions are combined with speech input in superior temporal cortex. We compare neural responses to words in which first syllables strongly or weakly predict second syllables (e.g., “bingo”, “snigger” versus “tango”, “meagre”). We further compare neural responses to the same second syllables when predictions mismatch with input during pseudoword perception (e.g., “snigo” and “meago”). Neural representations of second syllables are suppressed by strong predictions when predictions match sensory input but show the opposite effect when predictions mismatch. Computational simulations show that this interaction is consistent with prediction error but not alternative (sharpened signal) computations. Neural signatures of prediction error are observed 200 ms after second syllable onset and in early auditory regions (bilateral Heschl’s gyrus and STG). These findings demonstrate prediction error computations during the identification of familiar spoken words and perception of unfamiliar pseudowords.
Synthesis of high molar mass all-(meth)acrylic thermoplastic elastomers by photo-iniferter RAFT polymerisation
Authors: Kurowska Izabela , Odnoroh Maksym , Ivanchenko Oleksandr , Guerre Marc , Destarac Mathias 
Published: November 2024

PMMA-PnBA-PMMA triblock copolymers with high molar masses (Mn ∼800 kg mol−1), low dispersities (Đ < 1.25) and thermoplastic elastomer properties were synthesised via photo-iniferter RAFT polymerisation.
Unlocking the Potential of Pediatric Virtual Care: An e-Delphi Study on a Virtual Caregiver Participation Framework in Audiology
Authors: DiFabio Danielle , Moodie Sheila , O'Hagan Robin , Servais Michelle , Tremblay Paul , Glista Danielle 
Published: November 2024

Purpose:
Virtual service delivery models in audiology have become more accessible due to recent technological advancement and improved system-level uptake following COVID-19. Although current evidence identifies the benefits of virtual care to families with children who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing and supports its use in practice, this delivery model is still underutilized. This research aimed to gain consensus on an evidence-informed virtual caregiver participation framework developed from a scoping review of the communication sciences and disorders literature.

Method:
A two-round modified e-Delphi study was conducted to survey 26 knowledge users from four different countries with experience in virtual audiology care, including caregivers, audiologists, researchers, and organizational leaders. The study employed Delphi techniques, building from a scoping review to synthesize existing literature informing the knowledge gap, including online surveys and team discussions. Consensus was defined numerically (75% agreement) and by comparing and interpreting text-based responses.

Results:
The resulting framework grouped nine categories of caregiver participation in virtual care according to three main readiness domains: core readiness (opportunities to participate, perceived value, and willingness to participate), engagement readiness (child capacity, family–provider relationship, and role in the care process), and structural readiness (environment for participation, support, and technology).

Conclusion:
This work adds novel contributions to the field, through the development of a framework for caregiver participation in virtual audiology care, that can be used to support family involvement and will guide clinical tool development and future research efforts.
Modèle Force-Vitesse-Endurance (FoVE)
Authors: Bowen Maximilien , Hourdé Christophe , Durieux Anne-Cécile , Freyssenet Damien , Samozino Pierre , Morel Baptiste 
Published: November 2024

Le modèle Force-Vitesse-Endurance (FoVE) est un nouveau cadre théorique couplé à une modélisation innovante pour évaluer les muscles striés squelettiques. Il se base sur les relations fondamentales « force-vitesse » et « force-temps » qui décrivent les capacités de production de force du muscle en fonction respectivement de la vitesse de contraction et de la durée d’exercice. En les combinant, le modèle FoVE offre une vue complète des capacités fonctionnelles du muscle à différentes vitesses, avec et sans fatigue.
Un protocole expérimental unique et rapide a été développé sur un système de mesure de force isocinétique afin d’obtenir les paramètres FoVE du modèle. Il permet de mesurer la force musculaire à différentes vitesses de contraction pendant une durée totale de 3 minutes. Appliqués au modèle murin, les résultats obtenus montrent ainsi des différences significatives de la fonction du muscle tibialis anterior. Les femelles présentent une force maximale normalisée plus élevée. À l’inverse, les mâles présentent une capacité de vitesse maximale initiale en condition de fatigue plus importante.
Cette approche fournit une cartographie complète de la fonction musculaire, dépassant les évaluations traditionnelles de la force isométrique. Elle peut ainsi être appliquée à la recherche fondamentale dans les modèles précliniques et à la recherche translationnelle chez l’Homme.
Raucherbezogenes Selbststigma als Prädiktor für die Teilnahme an
einem Tabakentwöhnungsprogramm während einer stationären Qualifizierten
Entzugsbehandlung und dessen Erfolg
Authors: Frischknecht Ulrich , Pätz Toni , Riegler Alisa , Reinhard Iris , Kiefer Falk , Hermann Derik , Weber Tillmann 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Raucher-bezogenes Selbststigma (RSS) ist einerseits mit
häufigeren Rauchstopp-Versuchen in der Vergangenheit assoziiert, wird aber
andererseits auch als Barriere für die Inanspruchnahme von Behandlung
diskutiert. Bisher fehlt es an Längsschnittuntersuchungen zum Zusammenhang von
RSS und Teilnahme an einem Tabakentwöhnungsprogramm sowie dessen
Behandlungserfolg.
Methoden In einer Reanalyse wurden n=95 rauchende Patienten zu Beginn
eines Qualifizierten Entzugsprogramms mit der Subskala für RSS des „Inventars
für Internalisiertes Stigma des Rauchens“, einem Interview und weiteren
Fragebögen untersucht. Die Patienten erhielten anschließend die Möglichkeit
parallel zur Qualifizierten Entzugsbehandlung an einem individualisierten,
evidenzbasierten Tabakentwöhnungsprogramm teilzunehmen. Drei Monate nach
Entlassung wurde der Rauchstatus der Patienten via Telefon erfasst.
Ergebnisse Höhere RSS-Werte waren positiv mit dem Behandlungsziel der
Tabakabstinenz bei Studienbeginn, mit einer höheren Wahrscheinlichkeit der
anschließenden Teilnahme am Tabakentwöhnungsprogramm und mit Tabakabstinenz beim
Follow-Up assoziiert. Die Zusammenhänge blieben stabil auch bei Kontrolle zuvor
etablierter Prädiktoren.
Diskussion Diese Studie bestätigt bisherige Querschnittsbefunde wonach
stärkeres Selbststigma bezüglich des Rauchens mit einer höheren
Rauchstoppmotivation zusammenhängt. Sie erweitert diese Befunde mittels
prospektivem, longitudinalen Design und Einbezug des Behandlungserfolgs. und
erweitert diese in einer longitudinalen Untersuchung sowie auf den
Behandlungserfolg. Es wird diskutiert, inwiefern RSS eine Verhaltensänderung
unterstützt, wenn erst einmal die Angst vor Stigmatisierung als eine Barriere
für die Inanspruchnahme von Hilfe überwunden wurde und gleichzeitig ein
hinreichendes Hilfsangebot vorliegt.
Word stress patterns in Dharamshala Tibetan
Authors: Sarkar Sharmistha , Kar Somdev 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Word stress is a structural property of increasing prominence. An established line of scholarship regarding word
stress exists both in terms of theory and description in the Lhasa Tibetan (LT) language. Unlike LT, no such scholarly works are
available that focus on Dharamshala Tibetan (DT), a dialectal variety spoken by Tibetan refugees living in the Dharamshala area in
Himachal Pradesh, India. The current work aims to provide a systematic and concise theorisation of DT word stress based on the
data collected from field in terms of parameters like culminativity, location of the head, direction, and quantity sensitivity.
Optimality Theory is used to offer a theoretical judgment behind the analysis. A majority of DT words contain a trochaic,
weight-insensitive, left-to-right stress pattern. The degenerate foot is accepted. Very few instances of words with an iambic
stress pattern were found during the fieldwork. Similarly, few words containing heavy syllables are available in the word stress
pattern inventory of DT.
Management of Fusarium Wilt of Lettuce
Authors: Lodovica Gullino Maria , Gilardi Giovanna , Pugliese Massimo 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

In recent years, Fusarium wilt, caused by
Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
lactucae,
has become the most important lettuce disease throughout the world. Since the pathogen is seed-transmitted, the disease spreads through infected seeds, favoured by the global commerce. We describe the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen, as well as the differentiation of four physiological races, with their distribution in different geographical areas. The reaction of the lettuce types and varieties to the pathogen are also described, as well as the diagnostic tools available for an appropriate detection of the pathogen, including the races. Like other soil-borne diseases, Fusarium wilt of lettuce is difficult to manage with a single product and/or with a single approach. At present, minimizing crop losses due to Fusarium wilt on lettuce entails the deployment of all available existing disease control tools within an integrated management programme. The first preventative strategy is the use of healthy seeds. Stock seeds should be produced in the areas associated with the lowest disease risk and subjected to standardized health analysis. Furthermore, seeds should be treated with chemical/physical or biological treatments. Among chemical tools, soil disinfestation is becoming very difficult due to the loss of registered fumigants. A careful monitoring of the race situation in the field would be useful for efficient use of genetic means of control. The seed industry is investing in the search of new varieties resistant to Fusarium wilt. Looking forward, the development of commercially acceptable cultivars of desired types of lettuce with high levels of resistance to Fusarium wilt as well as refinement of existing or development of new cultural, chemical and biofungicide tools should lead to more efficient and effective disease management.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Polarización política y comportamiento de la Suprema Corte de Justicia en Uruguay
Authors: Antía Florencia , Luján Diego , Vairo Daniela 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The literature suggests that in highly polarized political contexts, supreme courts often experience politicization. However, this article contributes to the literature by examining the case of Uruguay, where political polarization is moderate but increasing. The study finds that in a context of moderate polarization, where the connection between political parties and the courts is weak, the negative effects of polarization on the court do not manifest. This weak connection is attributed to the rules governing the appointment and removal of judges, which are further supported by informal practices. Consequently, changes in polarization levels and political alternation have had little impact on the composition of the Uruguayan court, which is composed of career judges. While the court is not entirely detached from the political context, its composition and behavior do not mirror partisan divisions as seen in highly politicized judicial systems.
Bilateral strangulated femoral hernia in a male: a rare surgical case report
Authors: Ismaili Granit , Vaughan Michael , Abdelhafiz Tarig Ahmed 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Femoral hernias are at a high risk of strangulation due to their narrow necks. They are an exceptionally rare occurrence in males. In many cases, differentiation between a femoral and inguinal hernia is difficult. We present the case of a bilateral strangulated femoral hernia in a 70-year-old male. To our knowledge, there has been only one previously published report of such a case in males. Our patient presented with generalized abdominal pain and bilateral irreducible groin swellings, originally thought to be bilateral strangulated inguinal hernia. Upon initial inguinal incision, a diagnosis of a strangulated femoral hernia was made. A modified lower midline laparotomy incision was made to gain access to and diagnose both femoral hernias and allow for bowel resection and abdominal washout. Our case highlights the importance of modifying the surgical approach when encountering with a different diagnosis intraoperatively.
Assessment of Evidence for the Two Constituent Elements
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter details the process of determining the existence and content of a rule of customary international law from the various pieces of evidence available at the time of the assessment. It explains the significance of inquiring into the overall context and nature of the rule in question, and also of the scope and particular circumstances of the available evidence. In expounding on the requirement that each of the constituent elements of customary international law is to be ascertained separately, the chapter moreover considers the questions of which constituent element comes first and whether the same material be used to ascertain both elements. The chapter further explains that the two-element approach does not preclude a measure of ‘deduction’, and that the reference to a ‘burden of proof’ in relation to the determination of customary international law may sometimes be misleading. customary international law
A General Practice: Assessing Generality
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter inquires into the requirement of generality, explaining that whether or not a certain practice satisfies this requirement is a relative matter that must be appreciated in all the circumstances. In this regard the chapter elaborates on the meaning of the phrase ‘sufficiently widespread and representative’, including the role reserved for ‘specially affected States’. It also explains that contradictions or inconsistency in the practice concerned may suggest that there is no rule of customary international law, although complete consistency is not required. The chapter further clarifies that although the passage of some time is always necessary, and the duration of the practice can bear upon the strength of the evidence of the customary rule in question, no particular duration is required. customary international law
Resolutions of International Organizations and Intergovernmental Conferences as Evidence of Customary International Law
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This chapter expounds on the potential role of resolutions of international organizations and intergovernmental conferences as evidence of customary international law. It explains, first, that such resolutions cannot, of themselves, create rules of customary international law, and then details the criteria for establishing whether a certain resolution nevertheless provides evidence of customary international law (in particular acceptance as law). The chapter also explains that resolutions may provide impetus for the development of customary international law, both by encouraging the gradual evolution of the necessary opinio juris and by promoting the growth of a general practice accepted as law in conformity with the resolution. customary international law
Concluding Observations
Authors: Wood Michael , Sender Omri 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This brief concluding chapter offers several observations concerning the determination of customary international law that may be made in the light of the present study. It recalls that the rules of customary international law continue to wield significant influence in international relations, and highlights the need for an accepted and reliable methodology for their identification. This methodology—the two-element approach—is firmly established in international practice, including that of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), and affords a predictability that is important to the rule of law internationally as well as at the national level. It is to be applied with rigour to the determination of all rules of customary international law, in keeping with the conclusions adopted by the International Law Commission (ILC) on ‘Identification of customary international law’.customary international law
“It’s Traumatic for All of Us”: A Qualitative Analysis of Providers Caring for Seriously Ill Veterans With Surgical Conditions
Authors: Wu Adela , Bradley Sarah E. , Vitous C. Ann , Millis M. Andrew , Suwanabol Pasithorn A. 
Published: November 2024

Objective:
We aimed to characterize sources of moral distress among providers in the context of surgery.

Background:
Moral distress is defined as psychological unease generated when professionals identify an ethically correct action to take but are constrained in their ability to take that action. While moral distress has been reported among healthcare providers, the perspectives of providers working in surgery specifically are not often explored and reported. Our study was developed from an overarching effort to investigate end-of-life care for seriously ill patients with surgical conditions.

Methods:
Using convenience sampling, we conducted 48 semistructured interviews with providers who provide high-intensity care (eg, surgeons, anesthesiologists, intensivists, and midlevel providers) for seriously ill patients with surgical conditions across 14 Veterans Affairs hospitals. Interviews were analyzed iteratively using thematic content analysis.

Results:
Providers described clinical encounters that generated moral distress while caring for seriously ill patients with surgical conditions: (1) difficulties in conflict resolution with and among patients and families; (2) specific types of patients or situations; (3) systemic factors hindering appropriate end-of-life care; (4) surgical culture and expectations of the surgeon’s role.

Conclusions:
Providers caring for seriously ill patients with surgical conditions report emotions and reactions consistent with moral distress. Our study highlights important triggers for providers and hospital systems to identify and address throughout a surgical provider’s training and career.