bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoplasmic Reticulum Retention Motif Fused to Recombinant Anti-cancer Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) CO17-1A Affects mAb Expression and Plant Stress Response
Authors: Song Ilchan , Kang Yang Joo , Lee Young Koung , Myung Soon-chul , Ko Kisung 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site of protein synthesis, folding, and secretion to other organelles. The capacity of the ER to process proteins is limited, and excessive accumulation of unfolded and misfolded proteins can induce ER stress, which is associated with plant diseases. Here, a transgenicArabidopsissystem was established to express anti-cancer monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that recognize the tumor-associated antigen GA733-2. The ER retention Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) motif sequence was added to the C-terminus of the heavy chain to retain anti-colorectal cancer mAbs in the ER, consequently boosting mAb production.Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip transformation was used to generate T1transformants, and homozygous T4seeds obtained from transgenicArabidopsisplants expressing anti-colorectal cancer mAbs were used to confirm the physiological effects of KDEL tagging. Germination rates were not significantly different between mAb CO and mAb COK. However, mAb COK primary root lengths were shorter than those of mAb CO plants and non-transgenicArabidopsisplants inin vitromedia. Most ER stress-related genes, with the exception ofbZIP28andIRE1a, were upregulated in mAb COK plants compared to mAb CO plants. Western blot and SDS-PAGE analyses showed that mAb COK plants exhibited up to five-times higher expression and mAb amounts than mAb CO plants. Enhanced expression in mAb COK plants was confirmed by immunohistochemical analyses. mAb COK was distributed across most of the area of leaf tissues, whereas mAb CO was mainly distributed in extracellular areas. Surface plasmon resonance analyses revealed that both mAb CO and mAb COK possessed equivalent or slightly better binding activities to antigen EpCAM compared to a commercially available parental antibody. These results suggest that the introduction of the KDEL motif is a promising strategy for obtaining enhanced amounts of recombinant therapeutic proteins, but the KDEL sequence may induce ER stress and slightly reduce plant biomass.
Comparison of large-scale citizen science data and long-term study data for phenology modeling
Authors: Taylor Shawn D. , Meiners Joan M. , Riemer Kristina , Orr Michael C. , White Ethan P. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractLarge-scale observational data from citizen science efforts are becoming increasingly common in ecology, and researchers often choose between these and data from intensive local-scale studies for their analyses. This choice has potential trade-offs related to spatial scale, observer variance, and inter-annual variability. Here we explored this issue with phenology by comparing models built using data from the large-scale, citizen science National Phenology Network (NPN) effort with models built using data from more intensive studies at Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) sites. We built process based phenology models for species common to each dataset. From these models we compared parameter estimates, estimates of phenological events, and out-of-sample errors between models derived from both NPN and LTER data. We found that model parameter estimates for the same species were most similar between the two datasets when using simple models, but parameter estimates varied widely as model complexity increased. Despite this, estimates for the date of phenological events and out-of-sample errors were similar, regardless of the model chosen. Predictions for NPN data had the lowest error when using models built from the NPN data, while LTER predictions were best made using LTER-derived models, confirming that models perform best when applied at the same scale they were built. Accordingly, the choice of dataset depends on the research question. Inferences about species-specific phenological requirements are best made with LTER data, and if NPN or similar data are all that is available, then analyses should be limited to simple models. Large-scale predictive modeling is best done with the larger-scale NPN data, which has high spatial representation and a large regional species pool. LTER datasets, on the other hand, have high site fidelity and thus characterize inter-annual variability extremely well. Future research aimed at forecasting phenology events for particular species over larger scales should develop models which integrate the strengths of both datasets.
Kinetic sculpting of the seven stripes of theDrosophila even-skippedgene
Authors: Berrocal Augusto , Lammers Nicholas , Garcia Hernan G. , Eisen Michael B. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractWe used live imaging to visualize the transcriptional dynamics of theDrosophila melanogaster even-skippedgene at single-cell and high temporal resolution as its seven stripe expression pattern forms, and developed tools to characterize and visualize how transcriptional bursting varies over time and space. We find that despite being created by the independent activity of five enhancers,even-skippedstripes are sculpted by the same kinetic phenomena: a coupled increase of burst frequency and amplitude. By tracking the position and activity of individual nuclei, we show that stripe movement is driven by the exchange of bursting nuclei from the posterior to anterior stripe flanks. Our work provides a conceptual, theoretical and computational framework for dissecting pattern formation in space and time, and reveals how the coordinated transcriptional activity of individual nuclei shape complex developmental patterns.
Multimodal transcriptional control of pattern formation in embryonic development
Authors: Lammers Nicholas C , Galstyan Vahe , Reimer Armando , Medin Sean A , Wiggins Chris H , Garcia Hernan G 
Published: May 2018

AbstractPredicting developmental outcomes from regulatory DNA sequence and transcription factor patterns remains an open challenge in physical biology. Using stripe 2 of theeven-skippedgene inDrosophilaembryos as a case study, we dissect the regulatory forces underpinning a key step along the developmental decision-making cascade: the generation of cytoplasmic mRNA patterns via the control of transcription in individual cells. Using live imaging and computational approaches, we found that the transcriptional burst frequency is modulated across the stripe to control the mRNA production rate. However, we discovered that bursting alone cannot quantitatively recapitulate the formation of the stripe, and that control of thewindow of timeover which each nucleus transcribeseven-skippedplays a critical role in stripe formation. Theoretical modeling revealed that these regulatory strategies—bursting and the time window—obey different kinds of regulatory logic, suggesting that the stripe is shaped by the interplay of two distinct underlying molecular processes.
Divided we stand? Occupational boundary work among human resource managers and external organization development practitioners
Authors: Kuna Shani , Nadiv Ronit 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
Understanding occupational boundaries is vital in the contemporary economy, in which knowledge-based work is a central feature. The purpose of this paper is to identify and decipher boundary work which affects the cooperation and demarcation between human resource (HR) managers and external organization development (OD) practitioners during organization change processes.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are based on in-depth interviews with HR managers and external OD practitioners in the Israeli business sector.

Findings
Encounters between HR managers and external OD practitioners are potentially volatile given mutual experiences of occupational threat. Three distinct patterns of boundary work for negotiating OD-HR jurisdiction are identified. These yield differential occupational and organizational outcomes.

Research limitations/implications
This study is based on a medium-sized sample of practitioners of HRM and OD in the Israeli business sector. The data focused on one-sided descriptions of occupational relations.

Practical implications
The findings shed light on boundary work associated with fruitful HRM-OD partnerships. This may greatly advance the success of costly organization change and development interventions which demand the collaboration of both parties. Implications are offered regarding the academic education and practical daily management of both groups of practitioners.

Originality/value
Despite their growing relevance, empirical investigations of daily HRM-OD interfaces are scarce. This exploratory research addresses this gap in the literature and offers theoretical and practical insights.
Subjective and objective financial literacy, opinion leadership, and the use of retail banking services
Authors: Nejad Mohammad G. , Javid Katayon 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between consumers’ subjective and objective financial literacy (OFL) – the necessary knowledge and skills to make effective personal financial decisions – and their effects on opinion leadership and the use of retail financial services.

Design/methodology/approach
In total, 486 US participants were surveyed. The demographical profile of the sample roughly resembled that of the USA population.

Findings
On average, consumers with moderate levels of OFL report lower subjective financial literacy (SFL) compared to those with low or high levels of OFL. Moreover, while SFL and opinion leadership are positively correlated, consumers with moderate levels of OFL reported lower opinion leadership compared to those with high or low levels of OFL. The paper introduces financial literacy miscalibration as the discrepancy between consumers’ objective and SFL. Financially illiterate respondents who perceived themselves as financially knowledgeable reported high opinion leadership. Finally, a greater percentage of financially – literate consumers reported owning checking and savings accounts, using online and mobile banking for diverse purposes, and making fewer phone calls to customer services, compared to others.

Research limitations/implications
The paper integrates literature from financial literacy, consumer knowledge, and opinion leadership to explain these findings and to further enhance our theoretical and empirical understanding of objective vs SFL.

Practical implications
The discrepancies between objective and SFL may significantly influence consumers’ financial decisions and the degree to which they expose themselves to the pertinent risks. The paper discusses implications for public policy makers as well as marketing managers and researchers.

Originality/value
The study is the first to empirically explore the research questions following the conceptual development.
Does information asymmetry lead to higher debt financing? Evidence from China during the NTS Reform period
Authors: Qu Wenzhou , Wongchoti Udomsak , Wu Fei , Chen Yanming 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test an implication of the pecking order theory to explain capital structure decisions among Chinese listed companies during the 2005-2007 NTS Reform transition period.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors utilize direct proxies for information asymmetry based on microstructure models including Probability of the arrival of informed trades (PIN), Adverse selection component of the bid-ask spread (λ), Illiquidity ratio (ILLIQ) and liquidity ratio, and Information asymmetry index (InfoAsy) to examine their relation with firms’ debt financing.

Findings
Consistent with the prediction of Pecking Order Theory, the authors find that companies for which stock investors are challenged with more severe informational disadvantages are associated with higher degree of leverage use.

Originality/value
The study provides a more direct test on the positive relation between information asymmetry and financial leverage of Chinese firms. In contrast to previous findings by Chen (2004), the results suggest that capital structure choices among Chinese firms progressively conform to conventional finance theories (e.g. Pecking Order Theory) with the decline of non-tradable shares.
A peer approach to the evaluation of adult support and protection processes in North Ayrshire
Authors: Burns John 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
By adopting a “peer approach,” the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the adult support and protection process in North Ayrshire from the perspective of patients, service users and carers.

Design/methodology/approach
A research design was co-produced by health and social care staff and people with lived experience of ASP processes and experiences. The semi-structured interview design explored the ASP inquiry, investigation and case conference stages of the ASP process.

Findings
The study found some examples of good practice as well as some areas for improvement. The variability of experience, the provision of information, use of advocacy services and plans for future systematic evaluation of experiences were identified for possible improvement.

Research limitations/implications
The design somewhat limits generalizability; the sample size is small and although the findings and innovative approach involving those with lived experience may have wider appeal, the specific recommendations pertain to a specific local authority area in Scotland though these too may interest practitioners and researchers in other authorities.

Practical implications
The recommendations stand to improve services and process accessed and experienced by adults at risk of harm. Working with people with lived experience takes services closer to co-producing, designing and evaluating services and processes.

Originality/value
This study has high originality. Local value is high and is also likely to be valuable to those interested in adult support in protection generally and peer approaches across fields.
Organizational learning, knowledge management capability and supply chain management practices in the Saudi food industry
Authors: Attia Ahmed , Essam Eldin Ingy 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of knowledge management capabilities (KMCs) on organizational learning (OL) and supply chain management practices (SCMPs). In addition, to study the effect of OL, KMC and supply chain management on organizational performance (OP).

Design/methodology/approach
To study the relationships between KMC, OL, SCMP and OP, different techniques such as factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were used to verify the validity of the proposed conceptual model, and to test the suggested hypotheses, data collected from 165 companies in the Saudi food industry (representing a response rate of 64.9 per cent) were used.

Findings
According to the study’s findings, SCMP and OL are positively affected by KMC. Moreover, OP is directly affected by KMC, OL and SCMP.

Research limitations/implications
Owing to the specific nature of the sample, the findings of the current research are applicable only to the food industry.

Originality/value
The current research introduced a conceptual model, which has been tested and verified in the Saudi food industry. The findings recommend that both KMC and OL as well as SCMP will contribute to improving the OP. In addition, KMC will improve the SCMP and OL.
Societal impact of university innovation
Authors: Yeo Benjamin 
Published: May 2018

Purpose
This study aims to use university patent and regional economic data to investigate the current and future impact of university innovation, measured using multiple variables, on real economic productivity.

Design/methodology/approach
Using university patent and regional economic data, regression models are built to determine the impact of university innovation on current and future regional economic performance.

Findings
The findings demonstrate that university innovation generates sustained impact on economic performance, but by itself, is insufficient in driving economic performance; and different measures of university innovation have different degrees of impact. University innovation makes up a small, albeit significant, proportion of the drivers of economic performance.

Research limitations/implications
There are four implications. First, developing countries can leverage university–industry collaborations for economic growth. Second, innovation management must encourage continuous university innovation for sustainable economic productivity. Third, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) and non-STEM innovation warrant attention. Fourth, successful innovation policies should be tailored to their unique societal contexts.

Originality/value
Although innovation is a driver of economic performance, there is a lack of studies that focus specifically on universities, operationalize performance using gross domestic product measures and take into account impact lags by exploring universities’ current and future impacts.
Using functional electrical stimulation with stroke survivors: A survey of Victorian occupational therapists and physiotherapists
Authors: Howlett Owen , McKinstry Carol , Lannin Natasha A. 
Published: May 2018

Background/aimFunctional electrical stimulation (FES) improves active movement of the hemiplegic upper and lower limbs following stroke. The use of FES by Australian allied health clinicians in stroke rehabilitation is, however, unknown. The purpose of this study was to understand the use of FES in clinical practice. Reasons for the use of FES and potential variables that influence decision‐making were also investigated.MethodsCross‐sectional study of Victorian allied health clinicians, using a snowball recruitment method. Ninety‐seven eligible therapists completed the anonymous online survey. Data were analysed using frequency distributions.ResultsThe majority of respondents were occupational therapists (n = 60; 62%). Approximately half of the respondents (n = 50; 52%) reported using FES in the past two years to improve a stroke survivor's ability to use their arm in daily activities. Respondents suggested that receiving workplace training from colleagues to learn how to use FES is the preferred method of education. Of those who received education (n = 80), 50 participants reported using FES in their practice.ConclusionThere is variable use of FES in stroke rehabilitation to increase active movement after stroke. While there was moderate agreement about when to use FES and useful education approaches for learning to use FES, further research is needed to better understand strategies which could be implemented to support increased FES use in stroke rehabilitation.
Kinship analysis reveals reproductive success skewed toward overwintered Brandt's voles in semi‐natural enclosures
Authors: CHEN Yan , WANG Dawei , LI Ning , HU Xiangfa , REN Fei , HAO Weili , SONG Ying , LIU Xiaohui 
Published: May 2018

AbstractAge structure and seasonality influence the population fluctuations of small rodents. Age determines body weight and social experience, while seasonality regulates the duration of the breeding season and onset of sexual maturity in newborn offspring. Therefore, reproductive success and skew usually occur in different age groups. Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) is a social, short‐lived and seasonal breeding small rodent with a dramatic seasonal population fluctuation, but reproductive skew is not fully understood in this species. In the present study, we determined kinship in semi‐natural enclosure populations using microsatellite markers based on genotyping, analyzed the reproductive skew between sexes and between overwintered and newborn voles, and monitored variation in male reproductive activity by testing fecal testosterone levels throughout the year. Overwintered voles had the most reproductive success along with a striking increase in the population size in the enclosures, with all biological fathers and 77.8% of biological mothers, which had 100% and 87% of the total offspring, respectively. Compared to overwintered voles, reproductive skews were significantly higher in potential overwintered and newborn parents, implying the possible reproductive suppression of newborn voles by dominant overwintered voles. Moreover, both heavier body weight and higher testosterone levels in overwintered males supported their potential social status in the population. Our study provided new evidence for reproductive skew and differentiation of postnatal gonadal development patterns of different age groups in Brandt's vole.
The roles of calving migration and climate change in the formation of the weak genetic structure in the Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii)
Authors: CHEN Jiarui , LIN Gonghua , QIN Wen , YAN Jingyan , ZHANG Tongzuo , SU Jianping 
Published: May 2018

AbstractGeographical barriers and distance can reduce gene exchange among animals, resulting in genetic divergence of geographically isolated populations. The Tibetan antelope (Pantholops hodgsonii) has a geographical range of approximately 1600 km across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, which comprises a series of tall mountains and big rivers. However, previous studies indicate that there is little genetic differentiation among their geographically delineated populations. To better understand the genetic structure of P. hodgsonii populations, we collected 145 samples from the 3 major calving regions, taking into consideration their various calving grounds and migration routes. We used a combination of mitochondrial sequences (Cyt b, ATPase, D‐loop and COX I) to investigate the genetic structure and the evolutionary divergence of the populations. Significant, albeit weak, genetic differentiation was detected among the 3 geographical populations. Analysis of the genetic divergence process revealed that the animals gradually entered a period of rapid genetic differentiation approximately 60 000 years ago. The calving migration of P. hodgsonii cannot be the main cause of their weak genetic structure because this cannot fully homogenize the genetic pool. Instead, the geological and climatic events as well as the coupling vegetation succession process during this period have been suggested to greatly contribute to the genetic structure and the expansion of genetic diversity.
Evolutionary diversity as a catalyst for biological discovery
Authors: JOHNSON Zachary V. , YOUNG Larry J. 
Published: May 2018

AbstractThe tremendous diversity of animal behaviors has inspired generations of scientists from an array of biological disciplines. To complement investigations of ecological and evolutionary factors contributing to behavioral evolution, modern sequencing, gene editing, computational and neuroscience tools now provide a means to discover the proximate mechanisms upon which natural selection acts to generate behavioral diversity. Social behaviors are motivated behaviors that can differ tremendously between closely related species, suggesting phylogenetic plasticity in their underlying biological mechanisms. In addition, convergent evolution has repeatedly given rise to similar forms of social behavior and mating systems in distantly related species. Social behavioral divergence and convergence provides an entry point for understanding the neurogenetic mechanisms contributing to behavioral diversity. We argue that the greatest strides in discovering mechanisms contributing to social behavioral diversity will be achieved through integration of interdisciplinary comparative approaches with modern tools in diverse species systems. We review recent advances and future potential for discovering mechanisms underlying social behavioral variation; highlighting patterns of social behavioral evolution, oxytocin and vasopressin neuropeptide systems, genetic/transcriptional “toolkits,” modern experimental tools, and alternative species systems, with particular emphasis on Microtine rodents and Lake Malawi cichlid fishes.