bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive constellation scheme for QAM using unsupervised learning
Authors: Jang Yeonsoo 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis letter proposes an adaptive constellation scheme that uses an optimal constellation according to the signal‐to‐noise ratio. An efficient decision method based on unsupervised learning is proposed to ensure satisfactory error performance of the adaptive constellation scheme. Upon verification, the proposed scheme is found to exhibit improved error performance, compared to the fixed constellation scheme.
Einflussfaktoren auf die Bereitschaft von Psychologie-Studierenden
für eine Tätigkeit in der Versorgung von Substanzkonsumstörungen: Welche Rolle
spielen stigmatisierende Einstellungen?
Authors: Christiansen Lara , Buchholz Angela 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Maßnahmen zur Entstigmatisierung von
Substanzkonsumstörungen (SKS) sollten möglichst frühzeitig in Ausbildung und
Studium adressiert werden. Bisherige Studien zeigten einen positiven Einfluss
von Berufserfahrungen auf die spätere Arbeitsbereitschaft im Zusammenhang mit
SKS. Diese Studie untersucht, inwieweit stigmatisierende Einstellungen gegenüber
Menschen mit SKS die Berufsinteressen von Studierenden der Psychologie
beeinflussen und welche weiteren Faktoren mit einer Bereitschaft für eine
spätere Tätigkeit im Suchtbereich assoziiert sind. Des Weiteren stellt sich die
Frage, ob und in welchem Maße der eigene Alkoholkonsum stigmatisierende
Einstellungen gegenüber Menschen mit einer Alkoholkonsumstörung (AKS)
beeinflusst.
Methodik Es wurde eine Online-Befragung mit 157 Psychologiestudierenden in
Deutschland durchgeführt. Die Stichprobe umfasst Bachelor- und Masterstudierende
jeglicher Studiengänge, die der Psychologie zugeordnet werden können und wurde
im Schneeballverfahren in sozialen Medien erhoben. Die Rekrutierung dauerte 3
Wochen. In einem von den Autorinnen zusammengestellten Fragebogen wurden
bisherige Berufserfahrung und –Interessen erhoben. Als potenzielle
Einflussfaktoren wurden praktische und private Erfahrungen mit SKS. Der
Alkoholkonsum wurde mit dem AUDIT-C und das Ausmaß stigmatisierender
Einstellungen mit dem OMS-HC erhoben.
Ergebnisse Eigener Alkoholkonsum (AUDIT-C; p=,021) hatte einen positiven,
während das Ausmaß stigmatisierender Einstellungen (OMS-HC; p<,001) einen
negativer Einfluss auf die Bereitschaft zeigte, später im Suchtbereich zu
arbeiten. Der AUDIT-C zeigte sich zudem als signifikanter Prädiktor für die
Stigma-Ausprägung (p<,001). Die Studiendauer, Vorliegen und Dauer praktischer
Erfahrung, Erfahrung mit SKS im engeren Umfeld zeigten keinen signifikanten
Einfluss auf die Bereitschaft. Die Psychologie-Studierenden der vorliegenden
Untersuchung wiesen im Mittel eine höhere Stigma-Ausprägung auf als eine
Vergleichsstichprobe von Psycholog*innen und Medizinstudierenden in der
Literatur zur OMS-HC.
Schlussfolgerung Sowohl der eigene Alkoholkonsum als auch das Ausmaß
stigmatisierender Einstellungen konnten als signifikante Prädiktoren für eine
Tätigkeit in der Versorgung von SKS identifiziert werden. Zudem wurde
festgestellt, dass der Alkoholkonsum der Studierenden ein signifikanter
Prädiktor für die stigmatisierende Einstellungen ist. Maßnahmen zur
Entstigmatisierung sollten frühzeitig adressiert werden, da die Stichprobe
bereits zum Zeitpunkt der Erhebung ein erhöhtes Maß an stigmatisierenden
Einstellungen aufweisen.
Assoziation von Selbststigmatisierung und
Abstinenz-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung bei Patientinnen und Patienten mit
Drogengebrauchsstörung
Authors: Herter Manuel , Rumpf Hans-Jürgen , Bischof Anja , Lange Nikolaus , Bischof Gallus 
Published: November 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Während ein negativer Zusammenhang von Selbststigmatisierung
auf die Abstinenzbezogene Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung bei Patientinnen und
Patienten mit einer Alkoholgebrauchsstörung Gut belegt ist, fehlen
entsprechen-de Befunde bei Abhängigkeit von illegalen Substanzen. In der
vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, wie Selbststigmatisierung bei Patientinnen
und Patienten mit einer Substanzgebrauchsstörung, die illegale Substanzen
konsumieren, asso-ziiert ist.
Methode Es wurden Selbst- und Fremdstigmatisierung mit einer auf Drogen
adaptierten Version der Self-Stigma in Alcohol Dependence Scale (SSAD) und die
drogenbezogene Abstinenz-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung (DASE) erfasst. Zur
Auswertung der Zusammenhänge wurden Regressionsanalysen durchgeführt.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen 70 Patientinnen und Patienten (86% männlich)
an der Studie teil. Die Patientinnen und Patienten befanden sich zum Zeitpunkt
der Befragung in Rehabilitationseinrichtungen mit dem Schwerpunkt illegale
Substanzen. Eine Regressionsanalyse mit der
Abstinenz-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung als abhängige Variable ergab einen
negativen sig-nifikanten Zusammenhang mit der Dauer der Abhängigkeit, der
Depressivität und der Selbststigmatisierung. Die Selbststigmatisierung erwies
sich als der stärkste negative Prädiktor für die
Abstinenz-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung.
Schlussfolgerung Selbststigmatisierung steht in Zusammenhang mit der
Abstinenz-Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und sollte bei der Behandlung
berücksichtigt werden. Weitere Forschung zu den Auswirkungen von Stigmatisierung
und zu Interventionsansätzen zur Reduktion von (Selbst-)Stigmatisierung wird
empfohlen.
Integral Dynamic Model for Training in Wrist Arthroscopy
Authors: Torres-Fuentes Carlos Eduardo , Vergel-Martínez María Fernanda , Rojas-Bautista Diego José , Martínez Mallerly Carolina Garzón 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Introduction Whereas arthroscopic surgery allows for proper control of the surgical area, minimizes surgical risks, and promotes quick functional and occupational recovery, the complex anatomy makes arthroscopy difficult to perform.
Objective We aimed to determine the impact of a hand arthroscopic surgery training model that would impact on the acquisition of skills necessary for hand pathologies treatment.
Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental study before and after, involving 16 plastic surgery residents at Fundacioün Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, who had completed at least 2 months of the training program. Before the residents began their training, we measured time and assessed each resident's technique in three exercises using the Arthroscopic Surgery Skills Evaluation Tool (ASSET) scale on a wrist arthroscopy training model that evaluates the skills required for this type of surgical technique. After completing the training program, the training effect was measured using the same three exercises. These variables were tested a second time after training for comparison.
Results An increase in ASSET scale scores was found; we found a significant improvement in safety, arthroscope use, mastery, bimanual dexterity, and movement fluency (p < 0.03), and an improvement in instrument use and procedure completion was not significant.
Conclusion The designed training model allows to acquire and improve skills in hand arthroscopic surgery according to the ASSET scale.
Broadband operation of an X-band high-power relativistic traveling wave tube
Authors: Bao Rong , Wang Hongguang , Li Yongdong , Liu Chunliang 
Published: November 2024

Wide-band high-power relativistic traveling wave tubes (RTWTs) in X-band have the potential in phased-array antennas, microwave weapons, and so on. Thorough design and optimization are required to achieve wide-band amplification, especially with invariant beam voltage and interaction length. A corrugated circular waveguide is applied as the slow-wave structure for wide bandwidth. The geometric parameters of the structure are initially chosen by cold analysis and then verified by a nonlinear model and the 2D particle-in-cell simulation. The kinematic mismatch is proved to be vital to the wide-band amplification of the device. Optimization is performed so that high output powers in the bandwidth can be achieved with the same interaction length. With the beam voltage of 625 kV and the beam current of 1.92 kA, the optimized RTWT can deliver more than 100 MW from 8.43 to 9.32 GHz, and the corresponding bandwidth is ∼10%. In the frequency range from 8.65 to 9.32 GHz, the output power and efficiency are larger than 170 MW and 14%, respectively.
Many Little Hacks: Agroecological Plant Protection through Regenerative Potato Cropping
Authors: Junge S.M. , Finckh M.R. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Typically potato farming practices are characterized by tight rotations, intensive tillage and fertilization. This leads to soil degradation, increased pest and disease pressure, and use of chemicals, thereby endangering ecosystem health and contaminating water supplies. Agroecological strategies were tested, including the strategic use of cover crops, reduced tillage, and organic fertilization by compost and transferred mulch of green manures. These practices were shown to improve soil structure, increase soil biodiversity, reduce the need for chemical inputs, and enhance crop resilience against pests and diseases. Findings underscore the effectiveness of agroecological management systems in increasing both ecological and economic sustainability in potato farming. The study argues for a change, away from individual measures and solutions and toward an interlocking ecoagricultural system and systemic thinking to reduce or avoid chemical pesticides, high fertilizer input, and tillage.

Information
© The Authors 2024
A Multi-faceted View of the X-Ray Spectral Variability in Seyfert Galaxy Ark 120
Authors: Ren Lu-Xin , Wang Jun-Xian , Kang Jia-Lai 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Utilizing a range of techniques including multi-band light curves, softness ratio analysis, structure functions, rms spectra, cross-correlation functions, and ratios of spectra from different intervals, we present a comprehensive study of the complex X-ray spectral variability in Seyfert 1 galaxy Ark 120, through re-analyzing its six XMM-Newton observations taken between 2003 and 2014. We find a clear “softer-when-brighter” trend in the 2–10 keV power-law component over long timescales, with this trend being timescale dependent, as it is much weaker on shorter timescales, similar to that previously detected in NGC 4051. Notably, a rare “harder-when-brighter” trend is observed during one exposure, indicating dynamic changes in the spectral variability behavior of the power-law component. This exceptional exposure, with the spectral variability indeed marked by a power-law pivoting at an unusually low energy of ~2 keV, suggests intricate variations in the thermal Comptonization processes within the corona. Furthermore, when the data below 2 keV are included, we identify that the soft excess component adds significant complexity to the spectral variability, such as evidenced by a transition from “harder-when-brighter” to “softer-when-brighter” during another single exposure. Such extra complexity arises because the variability of the soft excess sometimes follows and sometimes does not follow the changes in the power-law component. Our findings underscore the necessity of applying multiple analytic techniques to fully capture the multifaceted spectral variability of AGNs.
Flavor neutrinos as unstable particles: an interaction picture view
Authors: Blasone M , Giacosa F , Smaldone L , Torrieri G 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
This paper reviews the similarities in the behavior of unstable particles and oscillating neutrinos using perturbation theory within the interaction picture of quantum field theory. We begin by examining how decaying systems are studied in the interaction picture and then demonstrate how similar calculations can be performed to determine the transition probabilities for flavor oscillations. Notably, the expressions for neutrino oscillations and particle decays are identical in the short-time range. Furthermore, we show that the flavor oscillation formula derived through this method matches, within the adopted approximation, the one obtained using the flavor Fock space approach.
Improved breakdown strength at high temperatures through annealing of syndiotactic polystyrene
Authors: Wu Xudong , Tan Daniel Q. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
The improvement of the breakdown strength of polymer films is an essential scientific and applied research topic for high-voltage electrical power applications. Here, syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) is annealed at different temperatures above the glass transition temperature so as to achieve dielectric improvement in both breakdown strength and dielectric loss. The breakdown strength of the annealed film can be increased by about 19.6% at 120°C compared with the original one. The dielectric loss is reduced by nearly 50% at high temperatures. It demonstrates a generalized phenomenon of annealing treatment of polymer films in facilitating further crystallization through chain packing or orientation, which limits the movement of charge carriers and polarization at high temperatures.
Study of the photovoltaic properties of small-molecule-doped porphyrin polymers
Authors: Ban Jianfeng , Yang Zilong , Xu Shaoxiong , Pan Lulu , Wu Dang 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Doping is a widely used method in semiconductor materials to introduce specific compounds, which plays a crucial role in molecular assembly and functionalization. In this study, the doping of porphyrin small molecules into porphyrin polymers was successfully conducted at various ratios. The results reveal that the UV absorption spectra exhibit absorption peaks ranging from 400 nm to 650 nm. Furthermore, the doped combination demonstrates impressive air stability, as evidenced by the HOMO energy levels being below the critical threshold for conjugated polymers in air (-5.2 eV). This feature guarantees the material’s stability under typical atmospheric conditions. Moreover, the calculated LUMO levels are approximately 0.49-0.53 eV higher than the acceptor PCBM, indicating the potential of the doped material to function as an efficient donor component in solar cells. The successful doping of porphyrin small molecules into porphyrin polymers not only expands the range of available materials but also provides promising prospects for applications in optoelectronic devices. The capability to adjust the doping ratio enables precise customization of the properties of the resulting materials, rendering them suitable for a wide range of technological advancements. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of doped porphyrin polymers as efficient donors in solar cells, highlighting their significance in renewable energy research.
Indian Ocean temperature anomalies modulate the interannual variability of springtime smoke aerosols over the Indochina Peninsula
Authors: Liu Yurun , Gui Ke , Chen Quanliang , Feng Liangliang , Zhao Hujia , Zhang Xutao , Yao Wenrui , Zhao Hengheng , Shang Nanxuan , Chen Zhuo , Li Lei , Zheng Yu , Che Huizheng 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Smoke aerosols released through frequent springtime fire activity over the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) seriously affect regional air quality, climate, and human health. However, the mechanisms driving the interannual variability of these smoke aerosols are not well understood. By analyzing multi-source historical (1980–2020) smoke aerosols and meteorological reanalysis data, we explore the response of springtime smoke aerosol changes over the ICP to the interannual variability of the Indian Ocean (IO) sea-surface temperature (SST). Our findings show a positive correlation between the variability of springtime smoke aerosol loading and the preceding winter Southeast IO (SEIO) SST anomalies. Warmer SEIO SST tends to weaken the trans-equatorial flow (TEF) and the local Hadley circulation. This weakening of the TEF impedes cyclone development in the Bay of Bengal (BOB), thereby reducing southwest water vapor transport. Simultaneously, enhanced westerly winds over the northern BOB are blocked by the northwestern mountains of ICP. These winds converge and rise on the windward slopes, while descending on the leeward side with diminished humidity. Collectively, these dynamics lead to drier and hotter local meteorological conditions that favored fire-induced smoke aerosol emissions. Our findings highlight the role of the SEIO in regulating smoke aerosol variability and provide a scientific basis for developing strategies to manage smoke aerosol emissions over the ICP.
Mate choice and the major histocompatibility complex: a review
Authors: Yan Jibing , Zhang Bingyi , Dunn Derek W , Li Baoguo , Zhang Pei 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
In many vertebrates, individuals choose mates due to benefits accrued via the production of offspring of high genetic quality. Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which are associated with individual immunocompetence, provide potential benefits to choosers who mate with individuals that possess specific MHC alleles, have MHC genotypes dissimilar to their own, that are heterozygous for MHC loci, and/or are highly MHC-divergent. We review the evidence of these different modes of MHC mate choice, and the signals by which the MHC status of potential mates is assessed. MHC genes may directly or indirectly regulate individual odours, and thus enable MHC status assessment and mate choice via olfaction. For both visual and auditory signals, however, evidence of an association with MHC genes is relatively weak. Importantly, individual MHC status may be cotransmitted through multiple phenotypes, and different species may focus on different phenotypic signals due to differences in sensory sensitivity. Future research should focus on detecting phenotypic cues (including olfactory, visual, and auditory) that can signal MHC genotypes, as well as on investigating the underlying mechanisms of how MHC genes regulate these signals.
Time-dependent changes in genome-wide gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation across the post-death process in silkworm
Authors: Yang Lin-Yu , Tang Da-Rui , Luo Shi-Qi , Li Wei-Wei , Jiang Yu-Hang , Lin Lian-Bing , Zhang Qi-Lin 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Despite death marking the end of life, several gene expression and miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation events may persist or be initiated. The silkworm (Bombyx mori) is a valuable model for exploring life processes, including death. In this study, we combined transcriptomics and miRNAomics analyses of young, old, and post-mortem silkworms across the entire process after death to unravel the dynamics of gene expression and miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation. In total, 171 genes exhibited sustained differential expression in post-mortem silkworms compared to the pre-death state, which are primarily involved in nerve signalling, transport, and immune response. Post-mortem time-specific genes were associated with cell cycle regulation, thermogenesis, immunity, and zinc ion homeostasis. We found that the down-regulated expression of 36 genes related to transcription, epigenetic modification, and homeostasis resulted in a significant shift in global gene expression patterns at 2 h post-death. We also identified 5 mRNA-miRNA pairs (i.e. bmo-miR-2795-mhca, 2784-achi, 2762-oa1, 277-5p-creb, and 1000-tcb1) associated with stress hormone regulation, transcription activity, and signal transduction. The roles of these pairs were validated through in vivo experiments using miRNA mimics in silkworms. The findings provide valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying the transcriptional and miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional regulation events in animals after death.
De novo whole-genome assembly and annotation of Coffea arabica var. Geisha, a high-quality coffee variety from the primary origin of coffee
Authors: Medrano Juan F , Cantu Dario , Minio Andrea , Dreischer Christian , Gibbons Theodore , Chin Jason , Chen Shiyu , Van Deynze Allen , Hulse-Kemp Amanda M 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Geisha coffee is recognized for its unique aromas and flavors and, accordingly, has achieved the highest prices in the specialty coffee markets. We report the development of a chromosome-level, well-annotated, genome assembly of Coffea arabica var. Geisha. Geisha is considered an Ethiopian landrace that represents germplasm from the Ethiopian center of origin of coffee. We used a hybrid de novo assembly approach combining 2 long-read single molecule sequencing technologies, Oxford Nanopore and Pacific Biosciences, together with scaffolding with Hi-C libraries. The final assembly is 1.03 Gb in size with BUSCO assessment of the assembly completeness of 97.7% of single-copy orthologs clusters. RNA-Seq and Iso-Seq data were used as transcriptional experimental evidence for annotation and gene prediction revealing the presence of 47,062 gene loci encompassing 53,273 protein-coding transcripts. Comparison of the assembly to the progenitor subgenomes separated the set of chromosome sequences inherited from Coffea canephora from those of Coffea eugenioides. Corresponding orthologs between the 2 Arabica varieties, Geisha and Red Bourbon, had a 99.67% median identity, higher than what we observe with the progenitor assemblies (median 97.28%). Both Geisha and Red Bourbon contain a recombination event on chromosome 10 relative to the 2 progenitors that must have happened before the geographical separation of the 2 varieties, consistent with a single allopolyploidization event giving rise to C. arabica. Broadening the availability of high-quality genome assemblies of C. arabica varieties paves the way for understanding the evolution and domestication of coffee, as well as the genetic basis and environmental interactions of why a variety like Geisha is capable of producing beans with such exceptional and unique high quality.
Latitudinal gradients in zooplankton communities in Norwegian fjords resolved by an integrated morphological and molecular approach
Authors: Ershova Elizaveta A , Berge Terje , Aguirre Gastón E , Reeve Magnus J , Martinussen Monica B , Falkenhaug Tone 
Published: November 2024

Abstract
Fjords are coastal habitats that are often partially isolated from surrounding shelf waters and can contain ecologically unique and diverse ecosystems. Here, we offer a comprehensive overview of zooplankton communities at the end of the productive season across 34 fjord locations along the Norwegian west coast, ranging from 62 to 69°N latitude. We applied an integrated methodological approach that included traditional microscopy, FlowCam image analysis, community DNA metabarcoding, and bulk size-fractionated biomass measurements. Together, these combined data revealed distinct geographical patterns in zooplankton quantity and community composition. Water temperature, which was closely correlated to latitude, and bottom depth were the most important physical parameters driving zooplankton biomass, abundance, community structure, and size distribution. Multivariate analysis of species composition using both microscopy and metabarcoding-derived data identified three distinct assemblages that were strongly correlated to temperature, latitude, and bottom depth. Our comparison of the applied methodologies demonstrated differential strengths and limitations of these methods as monitoring tools for capturing zooplankton community dynamics. Our study underscores the need for continued, multifaceted biological surveys that can help inform effective ecosystem management and conservation strategies in response to climate-related and anthropogenic pressures.