bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Review of Remediation Goals at Contaminated Sediment Sites in the United States
Authors: Pelletier Derek , Sacks Victoria Paris , Sorensen Mary , Magar Victor 
Published: April 2019

Abstract
Remediation decisions for contaminated sediment sites are typically based on comparisons of in situ sediment concentrations to preliminary remediation goals (PRGs). Preliminary remediation goals are typically developed for protection of human health and the environment, with consideration of site-specific factors that play an important role in determining the sediment concentrations that are consistent with the human health and environmental protection objectives. Remediation goals are selected from among the PRGs. Sediment remediation goals for 4 common contaminants (PCBs, PAHs, Pb, and Hg) at contaminated sediment sites throughout the United States were compiled to determine significant trends and evaluate causes of those trends. Remediation goals were compiled from Records of Decision (RODs) and 5-year review reports for 77 contaminated sediment sites throughout the continental United States. Remediation goals were developed both as surface-weighted average concentrations (SWACs) and action levels (i.e., not-to-exceed values). One or both may be used to define areas requiring remediation. Remediation goals based on SWACs are typically applied to bioaccumulative chemicals for human health and wildlife receptors, whereas action levels are typically used for chemicals that result in an acute toxicity to small home range, sediment-dwelling biota. The findings from this review of remediation goals indicate that SWACs are an increasingly common approach for developing remediation goals. In addition, the findings from this review indicate that although remediation goals adopted for Pb have become more stringent over time, no trend is evident for PCBs, PAHs, and Hg. Remediation goals for PCBs, PAHs, and Hg vary among a number of factors, such as geography, habitat, human or ecological risks, and other local factors. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2019;15:772–782. © 2019 SETAC.
The encouraging role of long noncoding RNA small nuclear RNA host gene 16 in epithelial‐mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer via directly acting on miR‐17‐5p/metalloproteinases 3 axis
Authors: Peng Hao , Li Hao 
Published: April 2019

AbstractThe present investigation was intended to elucidate whether long noncoding RNA small nuclear RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) could regulate the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process of bladder cancer cells by directing expressions of miR‐17‐5p and metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3). To elucidate the point, we collected 275 pairs of bladder cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent normal tissues, as well as four bladder cancer cell lines and the normal human bladder epithelial cell line. Moreover, pcDNA3.1‐SNHG16, si‐SNHG16, miR‐17‐5p mimic, miR‐17‐5p inhibitor, pcDNA3.1‐TIMP3, and si‐TIMP3 were prepared for transfection, and CCK‐8 assay, colony formation assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were carried out. Finally, the dual luciferase reporter gene assay was performed to figure out whether targeted regulations were present among SNHG16, miR‐17‐5p, and TIMP3. The laboratory findings demonstrated that the bladder cancer patients carrying under‐expressed SNHG16 or miR‐17‐5p were associated with extended survival time when compared with those possessing overexpressed SNHG16 and miR‐17‐5p (P < 0.05). Furthermore, overexpression of SNHG16 and miR‐17‐5p both enhanced the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion (P < 0.05), and simultaneously suppressed their apoptosis (P < 0.05). Transfections of pcDNA3.1‐SNHG16 and si‐SNHG16, respectively, resulted in overexpression and under‐expression of miR‐17‐5p, and the dual luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated a targeted relationship between SNHG16 and miR‐17‐5p (P < 0.05). Besides, the expression of TIMP3 was subjected to targeted regulation of miR‐17‐5p (P < 0.05), and its overexpression could reverse the effects of miR‐17‐5p on proliferation and metastasis (P < 0.05). Conclusively, purposeful modification of SNHG16/miR‐17‐5p/TIMP3 signaling might be conducive to postpone the aggravation of bladder cancer.
Stories of Digital Lives and Digital Divides: Newcomer Families and Their Thoughts on Digital Literacy
Authors: Gallagher Tiffany L. , Di Cesare Dane , Rowsell Jennifer 
Published: April 2019

AbstractYoung students must become proficient in the new literacies of 21st‐century technologies to be considered literate. This department explores how literacy educators can integrate information and communication technologies into the curriculum.
Computational prediction and functional analysis of arsenic‐binding proteins in human cells
Authors: Pang Shichao , Yang Junchen , Zhao Yilei , Li Yixue , Wang Jingfang 
Published: April 2019

BackgroundArsenic has a broad anti‐cancer ability against hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. To systematically understand the biological functions of arsenic, we need to identify arsenic‐binding proteins in human cells. However, due to lack of effective theoretical tools and experimental methods, only a few arsenic‐binding proteins have been identified.MethodsBased on the crystal structure of ArsM, we generated a single mutation free energy profile for arsenic binding using free energy perturbation methods. Multiple validations provide an indication that our computational model has the ability to predict arsenic‐binding proteins with desirable accuracy. We subsequently apply this computational model to scan the entire human genome to identify all the potential arsenic‐binding proteins.ResultsThe computationally predicted arsenic‐binding proteins show a wide range of biological functions, especially in the signaling transduction pathways. In the signaling transduction pathways, arsenic directly binds to the key factors ( e.g., Notch receptors, Notch ligands, Wnt family proteins, TGF‐beta, and their interacting proteins) and results in significant inhibitions on their enzymatic activities, further having a crucial impact on the related signaling pathways.ConclusionsArsenic has a significant impact on signaling transduction in cells. Arsenic binding to proteins can lead to dysfunctions of the target proteins, having crucial impacts on both signaling pathway and gene transcription. We hope that the computationally predicted arsenic‐binding proteins and the functional analysis can provide a novel insight into the biological functions of arsenic, revealing a mechanism for the broad anti‐cancer of arsenic.
Moisture content analysis of metal powders using oven desorption followed by Karl Fischer titration
Authors: Mellin Pelle , Zavalis Tommy , Tingö Linnéa , Brodin Håkan , Wendel Johan , Berg Sigurd , Riabov Dmitri , Strondl Annika , Nyborg Lars 
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we use Oven Desorption followed by Karl Fischer Titration (KF), to measure moisture content in metal powder. In a PBF-LB Hastelloy X powder, from a newly opened container, we found 28.8 ppm (or µg/g). In a stored PBF-EB powder we found 13.7 ppm. In a stored HIP powder we found 6.7 ppm. This method heats a powder sample inside a hermetically closed vial, in an oven. At the same time an inert gas flow enters, flushes out the desorbed water and exits the vial, via a double hollow needle. The gas–water mixture that exits is directed to the Karl Fischer Titration, where the desorbed moisture is quantified. Included is also a comparison with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a climate chamber moisturization experiment of a PBF-LB HX powder followed by KF analysis. After the moisturization and KF analysis, the same powder was characterized in terms of oxygen content.
Introduction
Authors: Klein Claude 
Published: April 2019

The question discussed in the articles published in this issue of the Israel Law Review is not really new. In 1978, published an article in this review dealing with the issue. At that time, it looked much more like an academic question with very few potential practical consequences. The reason for this is clear. It was like the discussions that took place in European countries a century ago regarding judicial review (of legislation). Even those who favored it were not able to consider any form of implementation. In the absence of an established principle of judicial review, the problem looked purely theoretical. Later, after World War II, judicial review of legislation became very fashionable and conquered almost all modern occidental democracies. The question arising now is whether we can expect a similar development as regards the validity and efficacy of eternity clauses. On the one hand, there is a growing number of eternity clauses; on the other hand, we have witnessed an extraordinary development in the field of judicial review, which is the result of the general growth of judicial activism in all countries. In other words, two parallel trends are coming increasingly close to one another and will certainly give rise to a new chapter in constitutional theory and practice.In April 2010, the International Association of Constitutional Law (I ACL) held one of its two annual round tables in Jerusalem. Entitled “Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments,” it was devoted to the issue of constitutional review. In this issue of the Israel Law Review, we present some of the papers presented at the round table by experts from various countries.
Old and Protected? On the "Supra-Constitutional" Clause in the Constitution of Norway
Authors: Smith Eivind 
Published: April 2019

The world's second-oldest written constitution (1814) still existing presumably also contains the world's oldest substantive “supra-constitutional” or “eternity” clause. According to its text, the “spirit “ and “principles” of the Constitution cannot be amended.However, it is less than clear that the clause is meant to exclude not only “amendments” but also the adoption of a brand new constitution. Moreover, the meaning of the clause two centuries later cannot be determined without regard to subsequent changes to other parts of the Constitution. The examples discussed include the constitutional monarchy, affected not only by the radical shift in our perception of the role of a hereditary king but first and foremost by formal amendments. In this way, “principles” that may initially have been protected may no longer enjoy a similar status.Who has the last word as to the substantive limits to amendments? The widely held view in Norway is that the judiciary should stand back. While judicial review of legislation leaves the last word about what norms to apply in the future to the constitution-amending power, judicial review of constitutional amendments would leave the last word about the future meaning of the Constitution itself to judges. Another argument refers to our inherent right as human beings to resist oppression. This argument deserves attention even if it is not substantiated in the text of the Constitution.Are the “spirit” and “principles” of the Constitution of Norway well protected? If the clause is understood as a contribution to the smoothness of constitutional development over time and thereby to the relative success of the Norwegian Constitution, the assessment is likely to be rather positive.
Indocyanin Green Videoangiography Study of Hemangioblastomas
Authors: Murai Yasuo , Adachi Koji , Matano Fumihiro , Tateyama Kojiro , Teramoto Akira 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:Objective:We present herein the intraoperative indocyanin green videoangiography (ICGVAG) findings for three cases of cerebellar hemangioblastoma (HB).Cases:Cerebellar HB was detected in three patients presenting with symptoms of vertigo and/or headaches and diagnosed on the basis of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cerebral angiographic findings. Preoperative embolization of the tumor feeding artery was not performed in any of the patients. None of the patients underwent any procedure prior to ICGVAG that would affect the ICG findings, such as perilesional hemostatic coagulation or ablation. In each patient, it was possible to judge the approximate location of the tumor in relation to the brain surface and to distinguish the feeding and draining vessels. Following resection of the tumor, ICGVAG images confirmed that the mural nodule had been eliminated. None of the patients required blood transfusion, either during or after the surgery. For each patient, the lesion was pathologically confirmed as HB, postoperative contrast-enhanced MRI confirmed the absence of residual tumor, and diffusion-weighted MRI revealed no ischemic changes.Results:Differentiation of feeding and draining vessels in the region of the lesion is particularly important for successful surgical removal of HB. In the present three patients, ICGVAG findings enabled easy vascular differentiation and were also useful for confirming that there was no residual tumor. Indocyanin green videoangiography was concluded to be useful for safe resection of HB.
Bipolar Electrocoagulation on Cortex after AVMs Lesionectomy for Seizure Control
Authors: Cao Yong , Wang Rong , Yang Lijun , Bai Qin , Wang Shuo , Zhao Jizong 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:Background:The findings of previous studies remain controversial on the optimal management required for effective seizure control after surgical excision of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We evaluated the efficacy of additional bipolar electrocoagulation on the electrically positive cortex guided by intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG) for controlling cerebral AVMs-related epilepsy.Clinical Material and Methods:Sixty consecutive patients with seizure due to cerebral AVMs, who underwent surgical excision of cerebral AVMs and intraoperative ECoG, were assessed. The AVMs and surrounding hemosiderin stained tissue were completely removed, and bipolar electrocoagulation was applied on the surrounding cerebral cortex where epileptic discharges were monitored via intraoperative ECoG. Patients were followed up at three to six months after the surgery and then annually. We evaluated seizure outcome by using Engel's classification and postoperative complications.Results:Forty-nine patients (81.6%) were detected of epileptic discharges before and after AVMs excision. These patients underwent the removal of AVMs plus bipolar electrocoagulation on spike-positive site cortex. After electrocoagulation, 45 patients' epileptic discharges disappeared, while four obviously diminished. Fifty-five of 60 patients (91.7%) had follow-up lasting at least 22 months (mean 51.1 months; range 22-93 months). Determined by the Engel Seizure Outcome Scale, 39 patients (70.9%) were Class I, seven (12.7%) Class II, five (9.0%) Class III, and four (7.2%) Class IV.Conclusions:Even alter the complete removal of AVM and sunwinding gliolic and hemosiderin stained tissue, a high-frequency residual spike remained on the surrounding cerebral cortex. Effective surgical seizure control can be achieved by carrying on I additional bipolar electrocoagulation on the cortex guided by the intraoperative ECoG.
The ASPIRE Approach for TIA Risk Stratification
Authors: Coutts S. B. , Sylaja P. N. , Choi Y. B. , Al-Khathami A. , SivaKumar C. , Jeerakathil T.J. , Sarma P. S. , Hill M. D. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:Background:The risk of stroke after transient ischemic attack (TIA) is elevated in the days to weeks after TIA. A variety of prediction rules to predict stroke risk have been suggested. In Alberta a triage algorithm to facilitate urgent access based on risk level was agreed upon for the province. Patients with ABCD2 score ≥ 4, or motor or speech symptoms lasting greater than five minutes, or with atrial fibrillation were considered high risk (the ASPIRE approach). We assessed the ability of the ASPIRE approach to identify patients at risk for stroke.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed charts from 573 consecutive patients diagnosed with TIA in Foothills Hospital emergency room from 2002 through 2005. We recorded clinical and event details and identified the risk of stroke at three months.Results:Among 573 patients the 90-day risk of stroke was 4.7% (95% CI 3.0%, 6.4%). 78% of the patients were identified as high risk using this approach. In patients defined as high risk on the ASPIRE approach there was a 6.3% (95% CI 4.2%, 8.9%) risk of stroke. In patients defined as low risk using the ASPIRE approach there were no recurrent strokes (100% negative predictive value). In contrast, two patients with low ABCD2 scores (ABCD2 score < 4) suffered recurrent strokes.Conclusions:The ASPIRE approach has a perfect negative predictive value in the population in predicting stroke. However, this high sensitivity comes at a cost of identifying most patients as high risk.
Neuropsychological Functioning in PLS: A Comparison with ALS
Authors: Grace Gloria M. , Orange J. B. , Rowe Ann , Findlater Karen , Freedman Morris , Strong Michael J. 
Published: April 2019

Abstract:Objective:In order to characterize the nature and extent of neuropsychological dysfunction in primary lateral sclerosis (PLS), we studied prospectively cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning in PLS, and compared performances to functioning in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).Methods:Eighteen patients with PLS and 13 patients with ALS completed a neuropsychological test battery assessing both cognitive skills and emotional/behavioral functioning.Results:Both PLS and ALS groups scored broadly within normal limits (mean T-scores greater than 40) on all cognitive measures and no significant between-group differences were found with the exception of one variable. However, when examined on a case by case basis, the data revealed considerable heterogeneity amongst patients in both groups. Overall, 39% of PLS patients and 31% of ALS patients were considered cognitively impaired. A higher than expected frequency of abnormal scores was noted for several tests of executive function in both groups, and a majority of PLS patients also exhibited abnormal behavioural symptoms. There was no relationship in PLS or ALS groups between cognitive functioning and disease duration, current site of disease, site of onset, functional status, and respiratory variables. Comparison between the PLS and ALS groups indicated virtually no differences in cognitive test scores and overall emotional/behavioural symptoms.Conclusions:We observed deficits in cognition and behaviour in a significant proportion of PLS patients which were comparable to those observed in ALS cases. Although deficits were not in the range of frontotemporal dementia, both ALS and PLS cases demonstrated deficits most prominently on tests of executive functioning.
Transformations de la zone torride
Authors: Safier Neil 
Published: April 2019

RésuméCet article envisage l’histoire environnementale des tropiques à travers l’analyse des techniques narratives des individus qui ont parcouru les paysages équatoriaux de l’Amérique du Sud au XVIIIesiècle. À quelques exceptions près, les spécialistes d’histoire environnementale n’ont pas tenu compte des pratiques d’écriture qui ont accompagné les observationssuretdansla nature, une relation avec le monde naturel encouragée par des techniques de collecte, de mesure et d’édition. À travers différentes manières de capturer les tropiques sous une forme écrite, nous examinons les significations culturelles attachées à l’idée classique de « zone torride » dans une époque qui correspond à l’âge d’or de son évaluation instrumentale. La métamorphose de la zone torride – de lieu conçu comme un désert inhospitalier en région caractérisée par des conditions climatiques et des productions naturelles variées – s’est accomplie à travers un large ensemble d’entreprises éditoriales, allant des traités historiques aux listes et aux catalogues, réalisées à la fois par des voyageurs et des naturalistes.
Retour à Seveso
Authors: Centemeri Laura 
Published: April 2019

RésuméÀ partir du cas du désastre de Seveso (1976), l’article aborde la question de l’intégration de l’environnement dans la construction d’un « monde en commun », à travers l’analyse de diverses façons de mettre en forme le dommage à l’environnement comme problème d’une communauté. Après avoir discuté l’échec à Seveso de la critique sociale dans sa tentative d’articuler le dommage à l’environnement à la lutte de classe, il suit le travail d’un groupe de militants qui ont vécu directement cet échec. Ayant quitté Seveso dans les années 1980, ils reviennent avec un projet de réparation politique du dommage causé à l’environnement, animés par l’idée d’une action politique attachée au territoire habité, à même de reconnaître la complexité des maux suscités par le dommage.
Protection sociale et mobilité transatlantique: les migrants italiens au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Douki Caroline 
Published: April 2019

RésuméLa question du transbordement maritime des migrants – en transit à travers l’Atlantique – s’est constituée en problématique humanitaire internationale au début du XXe siècle. Elle fait notamment l’objet d’une mobilisation importante dans la société italienne, où les émigrants à destination de l’Amérique sont en grand nombre et se trouvent souvent piégés dans des formes graves de dépendance économique à l’égard des agents d’émigration qui les recrutent et des compagnies maritimes qui les transportent. Analyser comment l’Italie s’est efforcée d’élaborer un dispositif d’action publique pour encadrer et protéger sa population en partance pour l’Amérique, particulièrement dans l’espace-temps très spécifique qu’est la traversée maritime, permet de reconsidérer plusieurs enjeux mis au jour par les études consacrées aux migrations internationales, au gouvernement des populations et à la mondialisation marchande. Tout en rappelant le rôle très actif qu’eurent certains pays d’origine dans la protection de leur ressortissants migrants, ce cas montre que le sort de ceux-ci ne se jouait pas dans le seul face à face entre états émetteur et récepteur, mais aussi dans la nécessaire régulation du marché du transbordement, et tout autant dans l’opposition et l’arbitrage entre des acteurs et des intérêts divergents à l’intérieur même de la société italienne.
Enfants et purification ethnique dans la Tchécoslovaquie d’après-guerre
Authors: Zahra Tara 
Published: April 2019

RésuméÀ partir du cas de la Tchécoslovaquie d’après-guerre, cet article démontre la centralité des enfants dans l’histoire de la purification ethnique. Pendant et après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les enfants devinrent à la fois des dépouilles de guerre et la cible de campagnes visant à créer des états-nations homogènes en Europe. Entre 1945 et 1948, trois millions d’Allemands tchécoslovaques furent expulsés de Tchécoslovaquie, alors que cet état lançait à travers le continent une recherche des « enfants perdus » kidnappés ou déportés par les nazis. Les deux processus se compliquèrent du cas des milliers d’enfants de couples tchécoallemands, qui força les autorités à choisir entre deux buts nationalistes concurrents : l’ambition d’effacer à court terme toute trace de germanité en Tchécoslovaquie, et la volonté à plus long terme d’une croissance démographique. Alors que le populationnisme triomphait dans les ministères à Prague, il fut souvent tenu en échec dans la pratique locale. Ces débats illustrent l’importance des enfants non seulement dans l’histoire des politiques de population et de migration dans l’Europe du XXe siècle, mais aussi dans tous les processus de la reconstruction d’après-guerre.