bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased frequency of and population exposure to extreme heat index days in the United States during the 21st century
Authors: Dahl Kristina , Licker Rachel , Abatzoglou John T , Declet-Barreto Juan 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
The National Weather Service of the United States uses the heat index—a combined measure of temperature and relative humidity—to define risk thresholds warranting the issuance of public heat alerts. We use statistically downscaled climate models to project the frequency of and population exposure to days exceeding these thresholds in the contiguous US for the 21st century with two emissions and three population change scenarios. We also identify how often conditions exceed the range of the current heat index formulation. These ‘no analog’ conditions have historically affected less than 1% of the US by area. By mid-21st century (2036–2065) under both emissions scenarios, the annual numbers of days with heat indices exceeding 37.8 °C (100 °F) and 40.6 °C (105 °F) are projected to double and triple, respectively, compared to a 1971–2000 baseline. In this timeframe, more than 25% of the US by area would experience no analog conditions an average of once or more annually and the mean duration of the longest extreme heat index event in an average year would be approximately double that of the historical baseline. By late century (2070–2099) with a high emissions scenario, there are four-fold and eight-fold increases from late 20th century conditions in the annual numbers of days with heat indices exceeding 37.8 °C and 40.6 °C, respectively; 63% of the country would experience no analog conditions once or more annually; and extreme heat index events exceeding 37.8 °C would nearly triple in length. These changes amount to four- to 20-fold increases in population exposure from 107 million person-days per year with a heat index above 37.8 °C historically to as high as 2 billion by late century. The frequency of and population exposure to these extreme heat index conditions with the high emissions scenario is roughly twice that of the lower emissions scenario by late century.
A comprehensive comparison and analysis of computational predictors for RNA N6-methyladenosine sites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhu Xiaolei , He Jingjing , Zhao Shihao , Tao Wei , Xiong Yi , Bi Shoudong 
Published: July 2019

AbstractN6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification, as one of the commonest post-transcription modifications in RNAs, has been reported to be highly related to many biological processes. Over the past decade, several tools for m6A sites prediction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been developed and are freely available online. However, the quality of predictions by these tools is difficult to quantify and compare. In this study, an independent dataset M6Atest6540 was compiled to systematically evaluate nine publicly available m6A prediction tools for S. cerevisiae. The experimental results indicate that RAM-ESVM achieved the best performance on M6Atest6540; however, most models performed substantially worse than their performances reported in the original papers. The benchmark dataset Met2614, which was used as the training dataset for the nine methods, were further analyzed by using a position bias index. The results demonstrated the significantly different bias of dataset Met2614 compared with the RNA segments around m6A sites recorded in RMBase. Moreover, newMet2614 was collected by randomly selecting RNA segments from non-redundant data recorded in RMBase, and three different kinds of features were extracted. The performances of the models built on Met2614 and newMet2614 with the features were compared, which shows the better generalization of models built on newMet2614. Our results also indicate the position-specific propensity-based features outperform other features, although they are also easily over-fitted on a biased dataset.
The Emotional Particulars of Working on Rape Cases: Doing Dirty Work, Managing Emotional Dirt and Conceptualizing ‘Tempered Indifference’
Authors: Gunby Clare , Carline Anna 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
This paper asks: In what ways are the work of rape barristers dirty, with a particular focus on emotional dirt? What impact do clients’ burdensome emotions and affects have on barristers and what mechanisms are used to manage this taint? Based on 39 interviews with advocates from four English cities, we argue that emotional dirt is central to the taint of the role. Barristers must distance themselves from emotional dirt in order to maintain objectivity, yet simultaneously invest in those emotions in order to convince a jury. In these contradictory circumstances, barristers employ what we term ‘tempered indifference’, a form of emotional work premised on strategically turning emotions down. However, the subsequent ability to turn them back on remains debatable.
A semi-parametric statistical test to compare complex networks
Authors: Fujita Andre , Silva Lira Eduardo , Siqueira Santos Suzana de , Bando Silvia Yumi , Eleuterio Soares Gabriela , Takahashi Daniel Yasumasa 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe modelling of real-world data as complex networks is ubiquitous in several scientific fields, for example, in molecular biology, we study gene regulatory networks and protein–protein interaction (PPI)_networks; in neuroscience, we study functional brain networks; and in social science, we analyse social networks. In contrast to theoretical graphs, real-world networks are better modelled as realizations of a random process. Therefore, analyses using methods based on deterministic graphs may be inappropriate. For example, verifying the isomorphism between two graphs is of limited use to decide whether two (or more) real-world networks are generated from the same random process. To overcome this problem, in this article, we introduce a semi-parametric approach similar to the analysis of variance to test the equality of generative models of two or more complex networks. We measure the performance of the proposed statistic using Monte Carlo simulations and illustrate its usefulness by comparing PPI networks of six enteric pathogens.
The structural properties and the spanning trees entropy of the generalized Fractal Scale-Free Lattice
Authors: Mokhlissi Raihana , Lotfi Dounia , El Marraki Mohamed , Debnath Joyati 
Published: July 2019

AbstractEnumerating all the spanning trees of a complex network is theoretical defiance for mathematicians, electrical engineers and computer scientists. In this article, we propose a generalization of the Fractal Scale-Free Lattice and we study its structural properties. As its degree distribution follows a power law, we prove that the proposed generalization does not affect the scale-free property. In addition, we use the electrically equivalent transformations to count the number of spanning trees in the generalized Fractal Scale-Free Lattice. Finally, in order to evaluate the robustness of the generalized lattice, we compute and compare its entropy with other complex networks having the same average degree.
Influence of oral administration of Akkermansia muciniphila on the tissue distribution and gut microbiota composition of acute and chronic cadmium exposure mice
Authors: Feng Saisai , Liu Yang , Huang Yanyang , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Zhai Qixiao , Chen Wei 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is a serious food safety problem. Acute and chronic Cd exposure changes the gut microbiota composition and damages the gut barrier function. Akkermansia muciniphila (AKK), a promising candidate for the next-generation probiotics, has been reported to protect the mucus layer in the colon and significantly decrease the effects of Cd exposure in mice. Thus, the mice model was adopted to investigate the influence of oral administration of AKK on the toxic distribution and changes of gut microbiota composition caused by acute and chronic Cd exposure. In both acute and chronic Cd exposure experiments, 40 mice were divided into four groups (normal group, AKK group, Cd group and Cd plus AKK group). The Cd contents in feces and tissues were measured by a flame or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer and gut microbiota composition was determined through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the gavage of AKK could not reduce the accumulation of Cd in the liver and kidney. The oral administration of AKK showed a certain influence on the gut microbiota composition of acute Cd exposure mice and limited influence on that of chronic Cd exposure mice. These results indicate the failure of AKK, as a potential protective probiotic, to reduce Cd toxicity. However, the gavage of AKK did have an influence on the gut microbiota composition of normal mice, especially on some genera in the Clostridiales order. Besides, when considering AKK’s probiotic potential and its effects on host health and disease, we should take into consideration its influence on the gut microbiota composition and micro-environment.
Ecological Gait as a Fall Indicator in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Job Mirko , Dottor Alberto , Viceconti Antonello , Testa Marco 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Falls represent a major threat for elders, affecting their life quality and expectancy. Clinical tests and questionnaires showed low diagnostic value with respect to fall risk. Modern sensor technology allows in-home gait assessments, with the possibility to register older adults’ ecological mobility and, potentially, to improve accuracy in determining fall risk. Hence, we studied the correlation between standardized assessments and ecological gait measures, comparing their ability to identify fall risk and predict prospective falls

Research Design and Method
A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement guidelines.

Results
From a total of 938 studies screened, nine articles with an observational study design were included. Evidence from selected works was subcategorized in (i) correlations between ecological and clinical measures and comparative statistics of (ii) prospective fall prediction and (iii) fall risk identification. A large number of correlations were observed between single ecological gait assessments and multiple clinical fall risk evaluations. Moreover, the combination of daily-life features and clinical tests outcomes seemed to improve diagnostic accuracy in fall risk identification and fall prediction. However, it was not possible to understand the extent of this enhancement due to the high variability in models’ parameters.

Discussion and Implications
Evidence suggested that sensor-based ecological assessments of gait could boost diagnostic accuracy of fall risk measurement protocols if used in combination with clinical tests. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to understand what ecological features of gait should be considered and to standardize models’ definition.
Complex Transmission Patterns and Age-Related Dynamics of a Selfish mtDNA Deletion
Authors: Sullins Jennifer A , Coleman-Hulbert Anna L , Gallegos Alexandra , Howe Dana K , Denver Dee R , Estes Suzanne 
Published: July 2019

AbstractDespite wide-ranging implications of selfish mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) elements for human disease and topics in evolutionary biology (e.g., speciation), the forces controlling their formation, age-related accumulation, and offspring transmission remain largely unknown. Selfish mtDNA poses a significant challenge to genome integrity, mitochondrial function, and organismal fitness. For instance, numerous human diseases are associated with mtDNA mutations; however, few genetic systems can simultaneously represent pathogenic mitochondrial genome evolution and inheritance. The nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae is one such system. Natural C. briggsae isolates harbor varying levels of a large-scale deletion affecting the mitochondrial nduo-5 gene, termed nad5Δ. A subset of these isolates contains putative compensatory mutations that may reduce the risk of deletion formation. We studied the dynamics of nad5Δ heteroplasmy levels during animal development and transmission from mothers to offspring in genetically diverse C. briggsae natural isolates. Results support previous work demonstrating that nad5Δ is a selfish element and that heteroplasmy levels of this deletion can be quite plastic, exhibiting high degrees of inter-family variability and divergence between generations. The latter is consistent with a mitochondrial bottleneck effect, and contrasts with previous findings from a laboratory-derived model uaDf5 mtDNA deletion in C. elegans. However, we also found evidence for among-isolate differences in the ability to limit nad5Δ accumulation, the pattern of which suggested that forces other than the compensatory mutations are important in protecting individuals and populations from rampant mtDNA deletion expansion over short time scales.
Absence of perioperative excessive bleeding in on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting cases performed by residents
Authors: Mazur Piotr , Litwinowicz Radosław , Krzych Łukasz , Bochenek Maciej , Wasilewski Grzegorz , Hymczak Hubert , Bartuś Krzysztof , Filip Grzegorz , Przybylski Roman , Kapelak Bogusław 
Published: July 2019

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
On-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with elevated bleeding risk. Our aim was to evaluate the role of surgical experience in postoperative blood loss.

METHODS
A propensity score-matched analysis was employed to compare on-pump CABG patients operated on by residents and specialists. End points included drainage volume and bleeding severity, as assessed by the Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding in cardiac surgery and E-CABG scale.

RESULTS
A total of 212 matched pairs (c-statistics 0.693) were selected from patients operated on by residents (n = 294) and specialists (n = 4394) between October 2012 and May 2018. Patients did not differ in bleeding risk. There were no statistically significant differences in postoperative 6-, 12- and 24-h drainages between subjects operated on by residents and specialists, and there was no between-group difference in rethoracotomy or transfusion rate. There were no differences in Universal Definition of Perioperative Bleeding or E-CABG grades. In June 2018, after a median follow-up of 2.8 years (range 0.1–5.7 years), the overall survival was 94%, with no differences between the patients operated on by residents (95%) and specialists (92%) (P = 0.27).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients undergoing on-pump CABG, when operated on by a resident, are not exposed to an elevated bleeding risk, as compared with patients operated on by experienced surgeons.
Clinical and Socioeconomic Differences in Methamphetamine-Positive Burn Patients
Authors: Solomon Eve A , Greenhalgh David G , Sen Soman , Palmieri Tina L , Romanowski Kathleen S 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Previous research on burn patients who test positive for methamphetamines (meth) has yielded mixed results regarding whether meth-positive status leads to worse outcomes and longer hospitalizations. We hypothesized that meth-positive patients at our regional burn center would have worse outcomes. We reviewed burn admissions from January 2014 to December 2017 and compared total patients versus meth-positive, and matched meth-negative versus meth-positive for total BSA burn, length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) days, days on ventilator, discharge status (lived/died), number of operating room (OR) visits, number of procedures, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, and discharge disposition. Of 1363 total patients, 264 (19.4%) were meth-positive on toxicology screen. We matched 193 meth-positive patients with meth-negative controls based on TBSA burn, age, and inhalation injury. In the total population comparison, meth-positive patients had larger burns (15.6% vs 12.2%; P = .004), longer LOS (17.8 vs 14.3 days; P = .041), and fewer operations/TBSA (0.12 vs 0.2; P = .04), and lower socioeconomic status. Meth-positive patients were less likely to be discharged to a skilled nursing facility, and more likely to leave against medical advice. In the matched patients, we found no significant differences in LOS or OR visits/TBSA burn. Meth-positive patients have lower socioeconomic status, larger burns, and longer LOS compared to the total burn population. Methamphetamine use, by itself, does not appear to change outcomes. Methamphetamine use leads to larger burns in a population with fewer resources than the general population.
Non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements: the signatures, causes, functions and implications
Authors: Han Cai , Sun Lin-Yu , Wang Wen-Tao , Sun Yu-Meng , Chen Yue-Qin 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Chromosomal translocation leads to the juxtaposition of two otherwise separate DNA loci, which could result in gene fusion. These rearrangements at the DNA level are catastrophic events and often have causal roles in tumorigenesis. The oncogenic DNA messages are transferred to RNA molecules, which are in most cases translated into cancerous fusion proteins. Gene expression programs and signaling pathways are altered in these cytogenetically abnormal contexts. Notably, non-coding RNAs have attracted increasing attention and are believed to be tightly associated with chromosome-rearranged cancers. These RNAs not only function as modulators in downstream pathways but also directly affect chromosomal translocation or the associated products. This review summarizes recent research advances on the relationship between non-coding RNAs and chromosomal translocations and on diverse functions of non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements.
Forced Relocations: The Punitive Use of Mobility in Australia’s Immigration-detention Network
Authors: Peterie Michelle 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
In the interdisciplinary scholarship regarding immigration detention, the social, political and psychological costs of confinement are well documented. In recent years, however, scholars have also drawn attention to coerced forms of movement in some detention systems. Drawing on thirty in-depth, semi-structured interviews with volunteer visitors to Australia’s immigration-detention facilities, this article makes two main contributions to this scholarship. First, it presents empirical evidence regarding the use of forced mobility in Australia’s detention system. Dialoguing with work from other countries, it shows how these practices impact detainees and their supporters in the Australian context. Second, it builds upon and extends existing theoretical insights regarding the purposes of such mobility. While previous studies have concluded that relocations serve to isolate, punish and disorient prisoners, this article takes this argument a step further, positing that coerced mobility is also employed to encourage so-called ‘voluntary’ repatriations, thus serving overarching political objectives.
Shock fronts in the long GRB031203 host galaxy
Authors: Contini M 
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT
The detailed modelling of the spectra observed from the long GRB031203 host galaxy at different epochs during the 2003–2009 yr is presented. The line profiles show FWHM of ∼100 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$. A broad-line profile with FWHM ≤ 400 $\rm km\, s^{-1}$ appears in the line sockets from the 2009 observations. We suggest that the narrow lines show the velocity of starburst (SB) debris, while the broad ones are due to the wind from SB stars. The spectra are emitted from the gas downstream of different shock fronts which are at work on the edges of the emitting clouds. A head-on-back shock appears when the wind from the SB stars reaches the internal edge of the SB debris moving outwards. A head-on shock is created by collision of the debris with the ISM clouds. Line ratios in both cases are calculated by the coupled effect of shock and photoionization from the SB. The models selected by fitting the calculated to the observed line ratios show that the ionization parameters, the shock velocities and the gas pre-shock densities slowly decrease with time. Oxygen metallicities (12+log(O/H) = 8.3–8.48) are lower than solar (8.82) by a factor <3 and nitrogen metallicities are lower than solar (12 + log(N/H) = 8.0, Grevesse & Sauval) by factors of 3–5.
COMPARISON OF THE RADIO-ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION BETWEEN HOT SPRING WATER OF HAMMAM DEBAGH AND ITS ASSOCIATED DEPOSITS
Authors: Boukhenfouf Wassila , Boucenna Ahmed 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
A radiological analysis of hot spring water of Hammam Debagh (also called Hammam Meskhoutine) and its associated deposits was realized. Hammam Debagh is considered to be the second hottest springs in the world with a temperature of 98°C and this lead to the creation of travertine. This later was formed because of limestone deposited by mineral springs in a rapid sedimentation of calcium, magnesium bicarbonates, and sulphides. The analysis showed that two-thirds of radioactivity was left by spring water in their deposits. The presence of uranium in the spring deposits was due to the property of the uranyl ion to form stable complexes with carbonates and precipitates. The radiation hazards indexes were estimated and compared with those given in literature.
Pathways to Modes of Movement Participation: Micromobilization in the Nashville Civil Rights Movement
Authors: Isaac Larry W , Coley Jonathan S , Cornfield Daniel B , Dickerson Dennis C 
Published: July 2019

AbstractWe employ a unique sample of participants in the early 1960s Nashville civil rights movement to examine within-movement micromobilization processes. Rather than assuming movement micromobilization and participation is internally homogeneous, we extend the literature by identifying distinct types of pathways (entry and preparation) and distinct types (or modes) of movement participation. Pathways into the Nashville movement are largely structured a priori by race, by several distinct points of entry (politically pulled, directly recruited, or professionally pushed), and by prior experience or training in nonviolent direct action. Participation falls into a distinct division of movement labor characterized by several major modes of participation—core cadre, soldiers, and supporters. We demonstrate that pathways and modes of participation are systematically linked and that qualitatively distinct pathways contribute to understanding qualitative modes of movement participation. Specifically, all core cadre members were pulled into activism, soldiers were either pulled or recruited, and supporters were pulled, recruited, or pushed. Highly organized, disciplined, and intense workshop training proved to be integral in becoming a member of the core cadre but not for soldier or supporter roles. We conclude that social movement studies would do well to pay more attention to variability in structured pathways to, preparation for, and qualitative dimensions of movement participation. These dimensions are critical to further understanding the way movements and their participants move and add insights regarding an important chapter in the southern civil rights movement. The implications of our findings extend to modes of movement activism more generally.