bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immature Neutrophils Released in Acute Inflammation Exhibit Efficient Migration despite Incomplete Segmentation of the Nucleus
Authors: van Grinsven Erinke , Textor Johannes , Hustin Lucie S. P. , Wolf Katarina , Koenderman Leo , Vrisekoop Nienke 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
Acute inflammation recruits neutrophils with a band-shaped nucleus to the circulation. This neutrophil population was recently shown to have superior antibacterial capacity. Early recruitment of banded neutrophils to an infection site will likely improve the outcome of the immune response, yet it critically depends on efficient migration. However, the current dogma states that the segmentation of the mature neutrophil nucleus has evolved to favor migration through narrow pores as found between endothelial cells and in the interstitium. Therefore, we hypothesized that banded neutrophils migrate less efficiently than neutrophils with segmented nuclei, whereas recently described neutrophils with hypersegmented nuclei would in turn migrate more efficiently. Acute inflammation was evoked in a human model of experimental endotoxemia to recruit neutrophil subsets with different nuclear segmentation to the circulation. To simulate migration toward an infection site, migration of the subsets was studied in in vitro models of transendothelial migration or interstitial chemokinesis and chemotaxis. In both models, nuclear segmentation did not increase migration speed. In dense collagen matrices, the speed of the hypersegmented neutrophils was even reduced compared with the banded neutrophils. Fluorescence microscopy suggested that the hypersegmented neutrophils displayed reduced rear release and deposited more membrane vesicles. Vice versa, migration through narrow pores did not induce nuclear segmentation in the neutrophils. In conclusion, like neutrophils with a segmented nucleus, the banded subset exhibited efficient migration through narrow pores. These findings suggest that the nucleus does not preclude the banded subset from reaching an infection site.
CROSSLINKING OF SBR COMPOUNDS FOR TIRE TREAD USING BENZOCYCLOBUTENE CHEMISTRY
Authors: Kulkarni Akshata , Pugh Coleen , Jana Sadhan C. , Wims Darnell T. , Gawad Ammar Abdel 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
This research investigates the potential of benzocyclobutene (BCB) chemistry for crosslinking styrene-butadiene rubber in conjunction with sulfur curatives with the objective of achieving curing at lower temperatures and/or in shorter times compared with entirely sulfur-based cure formulations. The reversible polysulfidic linkages produced in sulfur crosslinking allow self-healing characteristics but suffer from poor heat-aging stability. The C–C crosslinks from BCB chemistry are irreversible and offer higher resistance to aging, but they do not present apparent self-healing properties. The hybrid curative package based on C–C, C–S, and S–S linkages developed is expected to provide reduced crosslinking time and/or temperature, along with higher crack-growth resistance, the ability to self-heal, higher resistance to fatigue-to-failure, reduced hysteresis, and increased abrasion resistance. The crosslinking performance of 1-substituted BCB-based compounds in conjunction with sulfur is specifically investigated.
MESO-PROPYLENE-CO-ETHYLENE POLYOLEFIN RUBBER: VULCANIZATION AND COMPARISON TO AMORPHOUS STEREOISOMER RUBBER
Authors: Datta Sudhin , Sahnoune Abdelhadi 
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT
A new class of polyolefin rubbers containing a majority of propylene copolymerized with ethylene and a vulcanizable, unsymmetrical diene is described. The key structural feature of these rubbers is the presence of meso-propylene sequences, which leads to a small level of crystallinity, which is amplified on uniaxial tensile deformation. This strain induced crystallization leads to very remarkable tensile and tear properties in sulfur and resin vulcanized formulations, even for very low viscosity compounds. Isomeric rubbers of a similar composition but with irregular propylene sequences, which are and stay amorphous on extension, are unremarkable in their vulcanized properties.
Perspectivism and Falsification: A Reply to Maudemarie Clark
Authors: Nehamas Alexander 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
In this reply, I defend my views on Nietzsche's “falsification thesis” and his perspectivism against Maudemarie Clark's recent criticisms, which appeared in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49.1. I begin by amplifying my interpretation of Gay Science 110 and 111, which, I argue, show that the falsification thesis is absent from The Gay Science. I then turn to perspectivism and argue that, contrary to Clark's claims, perspectivism never involves the falsification of the views to which it applies. It is therefore unnecessary to apply perspectivism, as Clark does, only to value-imbued viewpoints and not to empirical knowledge or the natural sciences. Perspectivism, as Nietzsche, I believe, makes clear, applies to every aspect of human knowledge.
Nietzsche Studies as Historical Philosophizing
Authors: Richardson John 
Published: November 2018

Abstract
This essay is one of ten contributions to a special editorial feature in The Journal of Nietzsche Studies 49.2 (Autumn 2018), in which authors were invited to address the following questions: What is the future of Nietzsche studies? What are the most pressing questions its scholars should address? What texts and issues demand our urgent attention? And as we turn to these issues, what methodological and interpretive principles should guide us? The editorship hopes this collection will provide a starting point for discussions about the most fruitful directions for Nietzsche scholarship to take and the most promising avenues for building on the best recent work.
Les connaissances implicites et explicites en grammaire : quelle importance pour l’enseignement? Quelles conséquences?
Authors: Nadeau Marie , Fisher Carole 
Published: November 2018

This paper presents a review of research in cognitive psychology on implicit and explicit knowledge and learning from the point of view of written French didactic, focusing on its silent morphology, in order to draw consequences for teaching. Standard grammar exercises are then examined for the type of knowledge they require: to what extent do they prepare the students to write and revise their texts ? We show that most exercises are not adequate to develop either explicit or implicit knowledge of grammar.. Finally, initial results of an experimentation of two types of activities developping explicit grammatical knowledge, no error dictation and sentence of the day, are presented. Results are positive: experiments in 21classes of primary and secondary education show a strong effect on the ability of students to achieve grammatical agreements in French.
Language Learning, Ecological Validity, and Innovation under Conditions of Superdiversity
Authors: Thorne Steven L. 
Published: November 2018

Este artículo describe tres propuestas pedagógicas orientadas a promover el aprendizaje de lenguas en la educación superior. También pretende discutir la importancia del aprendizaje continua de la primera lengua (L1) y lenguas extranjeras y/o adicionales (L2) para el éxito académico y profesional. Primero se describe un proyecto titulado Language-Integrated Knowledge Education (LIKE), que tiene el objeto de explicitar los recursos lingüísticos necesarios para participar plenamente en contextos académicos, tanto de forma oral como escrita, en el L1 y otras lenguas de los estudiantes de educación superior. En el segundo proyecto se describe los beneficios y las razones para ampliar el uso de intercambio intercultural y virtual dentro del campo de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, así como el uso del diálogo intercultural y virtual en clases de disciplinas específicas (es decir, con enfoque no lingüística). El tercer proyecto, presentado más brevemente como una pieza conceptual, explora el uso del aprendizaje basado en el uso de juegos móviles con GPS para poder llevar los recursos y las actividades de aprendizaje de lenguas fuera de las aulas. Cada una de las tres propuestas es a la vez modesta y ambiciosa. Son modestas en que combinan elementos de enfoques pedagógicos ya existentes en el campo de la enseñanza de lenguas, como son la telecolaboración, el aprendizaje integrado de contenido y lengua extrajera (AICLE), portfolios (carpetas) y la utilización de las tecnologías móviles y experiencias de realidad aumentada para aprender idiomas. Son ambiciosos, ya que cada uno parte desde contextos tradicionales de aprendizaje de lenguas (por ejemplo, los departamentos de lenguas modernas), a la vez que fomenta la amplia y sistemática integración de la enseñanza de idiomas con tipos de actividades no tradicionales, incluyendo otras disciplinas académicas (el proyecto LIKE), comunidades virtuales y entornos fuera de las aulas (juegos de móvil habilitado con GPS).
Hydatidiform Moles: Ancillary Techniques to Refine Diagnosis
Authors: Ronnett Brigitte M. 
Published: November 2018

Context.—Distinction of hydatidiform moles from nonmolar specimens and subclassification of hydatidiform moles as complete hydatidiform mole versus partial hydatidiform mole are important for clinical practice and investigational studies. Risk of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease and clinical management differ for these entities. Diagnosis based on morphology is subject to interobserver variability and remains problematic, even for experienced gynecologic pathologists.Objectives.—To explain how ancillary techniques target the unique genetic features of hydatidiform moles to establish diagnostic truth, highlight the issue of diagnostic reproducibility and importance of diagnostic accuracy, and illustrate use of p57 immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction–based DNA genotyping for diagnosis.Data Sources.—Sources are the author's 10-year experience using ancillary techniques for the evaluation of potentially molar specimens in a large gynecologic pathology practice and the literature.Conclusions.—The unique genetics of complete hydatidiform moles (purely androgenetic), partial hydatidiform moles (diandric triploid), and nonmolar specimens (biparental, with allelic balance) allow for certain techniques, including immunohistochemical analysis of p57 expression (a paternally imprinted, maternally expressed gene) and genotyping, to refine diagnoses of hydatidiform moles. Although p57 immunostaining alone can identify complete hydatidiform moles, which lack p57 expression because of a lack of maternal DNA, this analysis does not distinguish partial hydatidiform moles from nonmolar specimens because both express p57 because of the presence of maternal DNA. Genotyping, which compares villous and decidual DNA patterns to determine the parental source and ratios of polymorphic alleles, distinguishes purely androgenetic complete hydatidiform moles from diandric triploid partial hydatidiform moles, and both of these from biparental nonmolar specimens. An algorithmic approach to diagnosis using these techniques is advocated.
¿Intuición o confianza racional?
Authors: García Arnaldos María D. 
Published: November 2018

Intuition or rational trust?

Resumen: Según la concepción tradicional, la justificación de las creencias lógicas básicas —entendida tanto inferencial como no-inferencialmente— no logra evitar ni la circularidad, ni la regresión al infinito. Justificar reglas básicas lógicas inferencialmente conlleva usar principios lógicos con lo que se genera un círculo vicioso. Apelar a fuentes básicas como la intuición, no sortea todas las dificultades. Argumentaré que es preciso recurrir a una “habilitación” (entitlement), una sub-clase dentro de las garantías epistémicas. Si además aceptamos que intuir es algo que hacemos y no algo que nos pasa, podemos sostener que la intuición, de hecho, se apoya en una confianza racional.

Palabras clave: justificación, conocimiento lógico, garantía racional, intuición, habilitación.

Abstract: According to the traditional conception, the justification of basic logical beliefs —understood both inferentially and non-inferentially— cannot avoid either circularity or regression to infinity. To justify logical basic rules inferentially involves using logical principles, so a vicious circle is generated. Appealing to basic sources such as intuition, does not avoid such problems. I will argue that it is necessary to resort to an entitlement, a sub-class within the epistemic warrants. If we also accept that intuiting is something that we do and not something that happens to us, we can sustain that intuition, indeed, is based on a rational trust.

Keywords: justification, logical knowledge, rational warrant, intuition, entitlement.
Analyses of long non-coding RNA and mRNA profiling in the spleen of diarrheic piglets caused by Clostridium perfringens type C
Authors: Yan Zunqiang , Huang Xiaoyu , Sun Wenyang , Yang Qiaoli , Shi Hairen , Jiang Tiantuan , Li Shenggui , Wang Pengfei , Gun Shuangbao 
Published: November 2018

Background
Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) type C is the most common bacteria causing piglet diarrheal disease and it greatly affects the economy of the global pig industry. The spleen is an important immune organ in mammals; it plays an irreplaceable role in resisting and eradicating pathogenic microorganisms. Based on different immune capacity in piglets, individuals display the resistance and susceptibility to diarrhea caused by C. perfringens type C. Recently, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and mRNA have been found to be involved in host immune and inflammatory responses to pathogenic infections. However, little is known about spleen transcriptome information in piglet diarrhea caused by C. perfringens type C.

Methods
Hence, we infected 7-day-old piglets with C. perfringens type C to lead to diarrhea. Then, we investigated lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles in spleens of piglets, including control (SC), susceptible (SS), and resistant (SR) groups.

Results
As a result, 2,056 novel lncRNAs and 2,417 differentially expressed genes were found. These lncRNAs shared the same characteristics of fewer exons and shorter length. Bioinformatics analysis identified that two lncRNAs (ALDBSSCT0000006918 and ALDBSSCT0000007366) may be involved in five immune/inflammation-related pathways (such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Jak-STAT signaling pathway), which were associated with resistance and susceptibility to C. perfringens type C infection. This study contributes to the understanding of potential mechanisms involved in the immune response of piglets infected with C. perfringens type C.
Lowering systolic blood pressure does not increase stroke risk: an analysis of the SPRINT and ACCORD trial data
Authors: O'Conor Ellen C. , Wang Jiajing , Gibney Kyla D. , Yu Xinhua , Young Garrett R. , Jones Tamekia , Alexandrov Anne W. , Johnson Karen C. , Cushman William C. , Tsao Jack W. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractObjectiveTraditional neurology teaching states that when mean arterial pressure dips below a 60 mm Hg threshold, there is an increase in stroke risk due to cerebral hypoperfusion. The aim of this study was to determine whether intensive lowering of systolic blood pressure increases adverse cardiovascular outcomes by examining the association between achieved blood pressure values, specifically mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure, and risk of stroke.MethodsData from participants in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) and the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Blood Pressure (BP) trial were examined, using survival analysis to model minimal arterial pressure and average pulse pressure during the study period against risk of stroke, hypotension, and syncope, with death as a competing risk.ResultsIn both SPRINT and ACCORD participants, there was no increase in stroke risk with achieved mean arterial pressure values below 60 mm Hg. In SPRINT participants, achieved mean arterial pressure values greater than 90 mm Hg were associated with a 247% (HR: 3.47, 95% CI: 2.06–5.85) higher risk of stroke compared with participants in the 80–89 mmHg reference group. No association was found between low achieved pulse pressure values and greater stroke risk in either the SPRINT or ACCORD participants, as well as no association between mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure values and risk of syncope.InterpretationIntensive lowering of systolic blood pressure does not increase risk of stroke in hypertensive patients, despite extremely low mean arterial pressure or pulse pressure values.
Supramolecular Photothermal Nanomaterials as an Emerging Paradigm toward Precision Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhao Luyang , Liu Yamei , Chang Rui , Xing Ruirui , Yan Xuehai 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe concept of the “supramolecular photothermal effects” refers to the collection property and photothermal conversion efficiency resulting from the supramolecular assembly of molecular photothermal sensitizers. This review considers organic supramolecular photothermal materials assembled at the nanoscale via various molecular self‐assembly strategies and associated with the organization of multiple noncovalent interactions. In these materials, the individual photosensitizer molecules are typically aggregated through self‐assembly in a certain form that exhibits enhanced biostability, increased photothermal conversion efficiency with photoluminescence quenching, and improved photothermal therapeutic effects in comparison with those of the monomeric photosensitizer molecules. These supramolecular photothermal effects are controlled or influenced by intermolecular noncovalent interactions, especially the hydrophobic effects, which are distinct from the mechanisms of conventional sensitizer molecules and polymers and inorganic photothermal agents. A focus lies on how self‐assembly strategies give rise to supramolecular photothermal effects, including polymer and protein fabrication, small molecule self‐assembly, and the construction of donor–acceptor binary systems. Emphases are placed on the rational design of supramolecular photothermal nanomaterials, drug delivery, and in vivo photothermal therapeutic effects. Finally, the key challenges and promising prospects of these supramolecular photothermal nanomaterials in terms of both technical advances and clinical translation are discussed.
New Class of Electrocatalysts Based on 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides in Ionic Liquid
Authors: Majidi Leily , Yasaei Poya , Warburton Robert E. , Fuladi Shadi , Cavin John , Hu Xuan , Hemmat Zahra , Cho Sung Beom , Abbasi Pedram , Vörös Márton , Cheng Lei , Sayahpour Baharak , Bolotin Igor L. , Zapol Peter , Greeley Jeffrey , Klie Robert F. , Mishra Rohan , Khalili‐Araghi Fatemeh , Curtiss Larry A. , Salehi‐Khojin Amin 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe optimization of traditional electrocatalysts has reached a point where progress is impeded by fundamental physical factors including inherent scaling relations among thermokinetic characteristics of different elementary reaction steps, non‐Nernstian behavior, and electronic structure of the catalyst. This indicates that the currently utilized classes of electrocatalysts may not be adequate for future needs. This study reports on synthesis and characterization of a new class of materials based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenides including sulfides, selenides, and tellurides of group V and VI transition metals that exhibit excellent catalytic performance for both oxygen reduction and evolution reactions in an aprotic medium with Li salts. The reaction rates are much higher for these materials than previously reported catalysts for these reactions. The reasons for the high activity are found to be the metal edges with adiabatic electron transfer capability and a cocatalyst effect involving an ionic‐liquid electrolyte. These new materials are expected to have high activity for other core electrocatalytic reactions and open the way for advances in energy storage and catalysis.
Flexible Photodetector Arrays Based on Patterned CH3NH3PbI3−xClx Perovskite Film for Real‐Time Photosensing and Imaging
Authors: Wu Wenqiang , Wang Xiandi , Han Xun , Yang Zheng , Gao Guoyun , Zhang Yufei , Hu Jufang , Tan Yongwen , Pan Anlian , Pan Caofeng 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe quest for novel deformable image sensors with outstanding optoelectronic properties and large‐scale integration becomes a great impetus to exploit more advanced flexible photodetector (PD) arrays. Here, 10 × 10 flexible PD arrays with a resolution of 63.5 dpi are demonstrated based on as‐prepared perovskite arrays for photosensing and imaging. Large‐scale growth controllable CH3NH3PbI3−xClx arrays are synthesized on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate by using a two‐step sequential deposition method with the developed Al2O3‐assisted hydrophilic–hydrophobic surface treatment process. The flexible PD arrays with high detectivity (9.4 × 1011 Jones), large on/off current ratio (up to 1.2 × 103), and broad spectral response exhibit excellent electrical stability under large bending angle (θ = 150°) and superior folding endurance after hundreds of bending cycles. In addition, the device can execute the functions of capturing a real‐time light trajectory and detecting a multipoint light distribution, indicating that it has widespread potential in photosensing and imaging for optical communication, digital display, and artificial electronic skin applications.
Local Electronic Structure of Molecular Heterojunctions in a Single‐Layer 2D Covalent Organic Framework
Authors: Joshi Trinity , Chen Chen , Li Huifang , Diercks Christian S. , Wang Gaoqiang , Waller Peter J. , Li Hong , Bredas Jean‐Luc , Yaghi Omar M. , Crommie Michael F. 
Published: November 2018

AbstractThe synthesis of a single‐layer covalent organic framework (COF) with spatially modulated internal potentials provides new opportunities for manipulating the electronic structure of molecularly defined materials. Here, the fabrication and electronic characterization of COF‐420: a single‐layer porphyrin‐based square‐lattice COF containing a periodic array of oriented, type II electronic heterojunctions is reported. In contrast to previous donor–acceptor COFs, COF‐420 is constructed from building blocks that yield identical cores upon reticulation, but that are bridged by electrically asymmetric linkers supporting oriented electronic dipoles. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals staggered gap (type II) band alignment between adjacent molecular cores in COF‐420, in agreement with first‐principles calculations. Hirshfeld charge analysis indicates that dipole fields from oriented imine linkages within COF‐420 are the main cause of the staggered electronic structure in this square grid of atomically–precise heterojunctions.