bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of long‐term sublethal effects of warming on a temperate coral in a climate change hotspot
Authors: Vergotti Marina J. , D'Olivo Juan P. , Brachert Thomas C. , Capdevila Pol , Garrabou Joaquim , Linares Cristina , Spreter Philipp M. , Kersting Diego K. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

The impact of warming on zooxanthellate corals is widespread, from tropical to temperate seas, with its associated mortalities causing global concern.

The temperate coral Cladocora caespitosa is the only zooxanthellate coral with reef building capacity in the Mediterranean Sea, a climate change hotspot with warming rates triple the global average.

During the past two decades, C. caespitosa populations have suffered severe mortality events associated with marine heatwaves (MHWs). However, with monitoring efforts beginning, at best, in the 2000s, the occurrence of MHWs before that period, as well as the sublethal effects of these events remain poorly understood.

Here, we use sclerochronology to reconstruct the histories of past stress events and long‐term sublethal effects on C. caespitosa in three locations along a latitudinal gradient within the NW Mediterranean Sea, each with different environmental conditions.

Skeletal extension, density and calcification rates were compared with the in situ seawater temperature of each site to assess their relationship. Furthermore, we assessed the occurrence of skeletal growth anomalies to reconstruct stress events between 1991 and 2021, a period that encompasses the onset and evolution of warming‐related mass mortality events in the NW Mediterranean Sea.

Our results reveal a positive association between calcification and temperature, following a latitudinal temperature gradient. However, the evolution of the likelihood distribution of growth rates in the warmest site (Columbretes Islands) since the 1990s indicates a decrease in linear extension and calcification rates during the most recent years. With the increase in the frequency of MHWs and growth anomalies during the last decade, this decline suggests recurrent physiological stress events.

These results unravel information on the long‐term impacts of warming on coral growth and highlight the potential of applying sclerochronology to reconstruct the sublethal effects of warming using C. caespitosa.
Reproductive success and offspring survival decline for female elephant seals past prime age
Authors: Payne Allison R. , Czapanskiy Max F. , Kilpatrick A. Marm , Robinson Patrick W. , Munro Cara M. O. , Ong Kelli , Bastidas Adrien , Negrete Alegra O. , Theders Brecken , Stillwell Bryn , Coffey Danissa , Schweitzer Elijah , Baugh Elise , Salazar Jasmine , Chau‐Pech Keenan , Rodrigues Mason , Chavez Mimi , Wright Savanna , Rivas Sofia , Reiter Joanne , Costa Daniel P. , Beltran Roxanne S. 
Published: November 2024

Abstract

Maternal age can influence reproductive success and offspring fitness, but the timing, magnitude and direction of those impacts are not well understood. Evolutionary theory predicts that selection on fertility senescence is stronger than maternal effect senescence, and therefore, the rate of maternal effect senescence will be faster than fertility senescence.

We used a 36‐year study of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) to investigate reproductive senescence. Our dataset included 103,746 sightings of 1203 known‐age female northern elephant seals.

We hypothesized that fertility (maternal reproductive success), offspring survival and recruitment into the breeding population, and male offspring production would decline with advanced maternal age. Furthermore, we hypothesized that older females would shorten their moulting haul out to allow for more time spent foraging.

We found evidence for both fertility and maternal effect senescence, but no evidence for senescence impacting offspring recruitment or sex ratio. Breeding probability declined from 96.4% (95% CI: 94.8%–97.5%) at 11 years old to 89.7% (81.9%–94.3%) at 19 years old, and the probability of offspring survival declined from 30.3% (23.6%–38.0%) at 11 years old to 9.1% (3.2%–22.9%) at 19 years old.

The rates of decline for fertility and maternal effect senescence were not different from each other. However, maternal effect senescence had a substantially greater impact on the number of offspring surviving to age 1 compared to fertility senescence. Compared to a hypothetical non‐senescent population, maternal effect senescence resulted in 5.3% fewer surviving pups, whereas fertility senescence resulted in only 0.3% fewer pups produced per year. These results are consistent with evolutionary theory predicting weaker selection on maternal effect than fertility senescence. Maternal effect senescence may therefore be more influential on population dynamics than fertility senescence in some systems.
Effective Market Power and Welfare Loss
Authors: Deng Zhongqi , Luo Yue , Yang Cailin , Fan Xuecheng 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a straightforward and effective estimation methodology for quantifying firm‐level welfare losses attributable to market power in monopolistic competition markets. Our analysis underscores that welfare losses are primarily contingent on effective market power, expressed as the product of the Lerner index and market share. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that welfare loss computed using the Hicksian measurement is smaller than that obtained through the Marshallian measurement. Finally, we apply this methodology to estimate firm‐level market power and welfare losses in the Chinese carbonated beverage industry.
Does teacher behaviour matter? The relation between perceived teacher behaviour and students' adaptive error responses
Authors: Pöchmüller Viktoria 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTeachers serve as role models in dealing with errors. They play a crucial role in creating a positive error climate in the classroom. Students with emotional and behavioural disorders (EBD) make more errors during learning activity, tend to dysregulate error‐specific emotions, and are more likely to receive negative teacher feedback. In particular, externalizing behaviour problems are a risk factor for maladaptive individual error processing. Consequently, it is of significant interest to examine the students' perception of teacher behaviours in addressing errors, particularly in terms of the degree of adaptivity of individual error responses. For the first time, students with EBD attending German special schools were asked to provide their perceptions of error handling in the classroom. A total of 279 adolescents completed a questionnaire. The results of a path analysis indicate that the absence of negative teacher reactions and teacher support following errors have a significant direct effect on the adaptivity of individual error responses. The study recommends that teachers adopt positive responses and teacher support to promote students' adaptive individual error responses. In order to acquire professional error competence, teachers must develop an understanding of social–emotional competencies in children and adolescents related to error management in students with EBD.
Clinician compliance to intrapartum antibiotics prophylaxis for minimising neonatal group B streptococcal infection risk
Authors: Mehta Shailender , Oraekeyi Roseline Charity , Catalano Nicole 
Published: November 2024

BackgroundIntrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) administration to group B streptococcal (GBS) positive pregnant women and other pregnant women with risk factors may reduce the rate of neonatal early‐onset GBS infection (EOGBSI).AimsOur aims were estimating the current indications for IAP among women presenting in labour, evaluating compliance to the current local IAP guidelines and to provide recommendations for improving clinician compliance.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed IAP data at our tertiary perinatal centre over a 16‐month period. Our cohort included women, positive for GBS (± risk factors for EOGBSI), and a comparable number of randomly selected women with risk factors and GBS status negative or unknown.ResultsA total of 424 mother‐baby pairs were included in this study. Forty‐seven percent of the study cohort had IAP indication (n = 202/424). Of these, 72% (n = 145/202) received some form of IAP and 61% (n = 123/202) received ‘adequate’ IAP. IAP was adequately administered in 67% (n = 99/148) of women positive for GBS, 27% (n = 9/33) of women with unknown GBS status and 71% (n = 15/21) of women negative for GBS with IAP indication. Most frequent reason (30%, n = 125/424) for ‘inadequate’ IAP was less than four hours from birth for women positive for GBS despite spending more than 60 min in the hospital before birthing.ConclusionsA substantial number of IAP were administered less than four hours before birth and were therefore ‘inadequate’ according to the current recommendations. These high rates could be reduced if those administered at least two hours prior to birth were redefined as ‘adequate’.
Replenishing Geographical Thinking on Depletion through and of Social Reproduction
Authors: Guermond Vincent , Brickell Katherine , Natarajan Nithya 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis Symposium aims to replenish geographical thinking in relation to the depletion that is entailed through social reproduction labour, and the wider, structural depletion of social reproduction that is continuing apace in capitalist times. In this introduction, we trace the existing contours of how depletion through social reproduction has come to be conceptualised. Thereafter, we focus on four areas of development that the four spatially oriented papers of the Symposium probe at: first, on the links between harm and depletion; second, on depletion both through and of social reproduction; third, on the methods that are harnessed to examine depletion; and fourth, on the possibility and limits of appreciation and repair.
Towards ecosystem‐based techniques for tipping point detection
Authors: Hemraj Deevesh Ashley , Carstensen Jacob 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTAn ecosystem shifts to an alternative stable state when a threshold of accumulated pressure (i.e. direct impact of environmental change or human activities) is exceeded. Detecting this threshold in empirical data remains a challenge because ecosystems are governed by complex interlinkages and feedback loops between their components and pressures. In addition, multiple feedback mechanisms exist that can make an ecosystem resilient to state shifts. Therefore, unless a broad ecological perspective is used to detect state shifts, it remains questionable to what extent current detection methods really capture ecosystem state shifts and whether inferences made from smaller scale analyses can be implemented into ecosystem management. We reviewed the techniques currently used for retrospective detection of state shifts detection from empirical data. We show that most techniques are not suitable for taking a broad ecosystem perspective because approximately 85% do not combine intervariable non‐linear relationships and high‐dimensional data from multiple ecosystem variables, but rather tend to focus on one subsystem of the ecosystem. Thus, our perception of state shifts may be limited by methods that are often used on smaller data sets, unrepresentative of whole ecosystems. By reviewing the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of the current techniques, we identify methods that provide the potential to incorporate a broad ecosystem‐based approach. We therefore provide perspectives into developing techniques better suited for detecting ecosystem state shifts that incorporate intervariable interactions and high‐dimensionality data.
Transition Readiness Among Youth Accessing Mental Health Services With Physical Health Co‐Morbidities
Authors: Davies Julia , Brennenstuhl Sarah , Allemang Brooke , Salman Soha , Sainsbury Katherine , Cleverley Kristin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundTransition readiness, or skills and preparation for navigating adult health care, is an important factor in the successful transition from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adult care; however, predictors of transition readiness are not fully understood. One factor which may impact transition readiness among youth accessing CAMHS is the presence of a co‐occurring physical health condition; however, this has not been previously examined. Within a cohort of youth receiving CAMHS, the objective of this study was to understand if there is an association between co‐occurring physical health conditions and transition readiness and if this relationship is impacted by severity of mental health symptoms.MethodsThis study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from the Longitudinal Youth in Transition Study, including 237 16‐ to 18‐year‐old youth accessing outpatient CAMHS from four different clinical sites. Participants completed self‐report measures on mental health symptoms, functioning, service use, transition readiness, and physical health conditions. Multiple linear regression models were used to measure the association between the presence of health conditions and transition readiness scores as well as determine if there was an interaction between mental health symptoms and physical health conditions to predict transition readiness.ResultsCo‐occurring physical conditions were reported by 41% of youth and were associated with greater overall transition readiness. There was no interaction between mental health symptom severity and co‐occurring physical conditions, though attention problems were independently associated with lower transition readiness scores.ConclusionsYouth accessing CAMHS who have a co‐occurring physical condition have overall greater transition readiness than youth without a co‐occurring condition. Further research should explore the role of frequency and types of healthcare encounters in transition readiness for transition age youth needing ongoing mental health care to better understand how to support self‐management and care navigation skill development.
Lycium barbarum Extract Enhanced Neuroplasticity and Functional Recovery in 5xFAD Mice via Modulating Microglial Status of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Sun Zhongqing , Liu Jinfeng , Chen Zihang , So Kwok‐Fai , Hu Yong , Chiu Kin 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease with limited treatment options. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lycium barbarum extract (LBE), a Chinese herb, on the central nervous system (CNS)—including the retina, brain, and spinal cord—in 5xFAD transgenic mice after the onset of AD.MethodsStarting at 6 months of age, 5xFAD mice received daily intragastric gavage of LBE (2 g/kg) for 2 months. At 8 months, behavioral tests were conducted to assess cognition, motor function, and visual function. These included the Morris water maze, novel object recognition, and Y‐maze tests for cognition; the beam walking balance and clasping tests for motor function; and electroretinogram (ERG) for visual function. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and ELISA were used to evaluate Aβ deposition, microglial morphology, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotective signaling pathways. Primary microglia and the IMG cell line were used to study LBE's effects on Aβ uptake and degradation in vitro.ResultsAfter 2 months of LBE treatment, the decline in cognition, motor, and visual functions in 5xFAD mice was significantly slowed. Microglia in the brain, spinal cord, and retina exhibited a neuroprotective state, with reduced Aβ deposition, decreased inflammatory cytokine levels (e.g., TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6), increased Arg‐1/iNOS ratio, and enhanced phagocytic capacity. LBE also promoted Aβ uptake and degradation in primary microglia and the IMG cell line. Neuroprotective signals such as p‐Akt, p‐Erk1/2, and p‐CREB were elevated. Additionally, LBE treatment restored synaptic protein expression and enhanced neuroplasticity.ConclusionThe findings suggest that LBE treatment can enhance neuroplasticity, reduce systemic inflammation, and improve phagocyte clearance of Aβ deposition via inducing a neuroprotective microglial phenotype throughout CNS. As an upper‐class Chinese medicine, appropriate intake of LBE may serve as a beneficial antiaging strategy for AD.
Impact of structural factors around the accessory nerve on the pathogenesis of essential neck and upper‐back stiffness: a sonographic investigation
Authors: Shibasaki Shohei , Kishino Tomonori , Sei Yoriko , Harashima Keiichiro , Sakata Konomi , Ohnishi Hiroaki , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIntroductionNeck and upper‐back stiffness involves discomfort/ache in the trapezius muscle (TM). The pathogenesis of ‘essential neck and upper‐back stiffness’ without obvious causes remains uncertain. In symptomatic subjects, TM hardness correlates with decreased transverse cervical artery (TCA) blood flow to the TM. Neck and upper‐back stiffness could be associated with both hemodynamic and neurological factors affecting the TM. We therefore sonographically evaluated structural factors around the accessory nerve innervating the TM impacting neck and upper‐back stiffness.MethodsParticipants comprised 69 healthy young adults (33 men, 36 women; 21 ± 1 y) who completed questionnaires and underwent elastography to determine TM hardness as a strain ratio and pulsed Doppler sonography to determine TCA hemodynamics. Intermuscular length was measured as the distance between sternocleidomastoid and levator scapulae muscles around the accessory nerve. Relationships of intermuscular length with symptoms, TM hardness, and TCA hemodynamics were analyzed.ResultsIntermuscular length was greater in symptomatic subjects (median 2.3 mm, interquartile range 1.5–3.1 mm) than in asymptomatic subjects (median 1.8 mm, interquartile range 1.5–2.3 mm; p = 0.032). Intermuscular length correlated positively with symptom severity (r = 0.43, p = 0.014) and negatively with strain ratio for the TM (r = −0.39, p = 0.025) and peak systolic velocity in the TCA (r = −0.40, p = 0.022). Intermuscular length contributed independently to the presence of symptoms (p = 0.025, odds ratio 2.26, 95% confidence interval 1.11–4.62).ConclusionIn symptomatic subjects, symptom severity, TM hardness and TCA hemodynamics all correlated with greater intermuscular length. Structures around the accessory nerve could be associated with the pathogenesis of essential neck and upper‐back stiffness.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of the Paris System (TPS 2.0) in Urine Cytology Specimens: An Institutional Experience From a Large Cohort of a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Jangir Hemlata , Narwal Anubhav , Adhikari Suman Smith , Batra Atul , Nayak Brusabhanu , Seth Amlesh , Kaushal Seema 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of urine cytology using The Paris System (TPS 2.0) in comparison with TPS 1.0, and the Four‐Tier Reporting System (FTRS) of our institute for identifying high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC).MethodologyA total of 789 urine cytology specimens from 240 patients including 12 UTUC cases with available histological and clinical details were included. Two hundred twenty‐two cases were newly diagnosed, whereas 18 were recurrent tumours. Histopathological evaluation categorised the cases as non‐neoplastic (33%, 13.7%), low‐grade urothelial neoplasms (LGUNs) (94%, 39.2%), high‐grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUCs) (110%, 45.8%) and other malignancies (3%, 1.3%).ResultsTPS 2.0 categorised the cases as 14 (5.7%) non‐diagnostic or ND/U, 99 (41.5%) NHGUC, 37 (15.4%) AUC, 24 (10%) SHGUC and 66 (27.5%) HGUC. TPS 1.0 had 14 (5.7%) ND/U, 72 (30%) NHGUC, 61 (24.5%) AUC, 3 (1.3%) LGUC, 24 (10%) SHGUC and 66 (27.5%) HGUC. FTRS classified them as 19 (7.5%) ND/UNS, 44 (18.3%) NEG, 88 (36.7%) INC and 89 (37.1%) POS. The ROHM for TPS 2.0 was 71.4% for ND/U, 12.1% for NHGUC, 29.7% for AUC, 79.2% for SHGUC and 89.4% for HGUC. TPS 1.0 showed a similar ROHM for ND/U, SHGUC and HGUC, whereas had 13.8% for NHGUC and 19.7% for AUCs. FTRS, had 78.9% for UNS, 6.8% for NEG, 35.2% for INC and 73.1% for POS. TPS demonstrated a sensitivity of 70.91% and specificity of 90.77% for identifying HGUC, whereas FTRS showed 59.09% sensitivity and 81.54% specificity. Also, TPS was found to be 75% accurate with 62.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity for UTCC cases separately.ConclusionTPS 2.0 exhibits diagnostic accuracy with better performance in comparison to FTRS, making it a more reliable system for clinical practice. Our findings endorse the utility of TPS 2.0 in improving the accuracy of urine cytology in predicting histological diagnosis of HGUC.
Neuroprotection for neonatal hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy: A review of novel therapies evaluated in clinical studies
Authors: Chan Natalie H. , Hawkins Cheryl C. , Rodrigues Benjamin V. , Cornet Marie‐Coralie , Gonzalez Fernando F. , Wu Yvonne W. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractTherapeutic hypothermia is an effective therapy for moderate‐to‐severe hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in infants born at term or near‐term in high‐resource settings. Yet there remains a substantial proportion of infants who do not benefit or who will have significant disability despite therapeutic hypothermia. Novel investigational therapies that may confer additional neuroprotection by targeting known pathogenic mechanisms of hypoxic–ischemic brain injury are under development. This review focuses on putative neuroprotective agents that have shown promise in animal models of HIE, and that have been translated to clinical studies in neonates with HIE. We include agents that have been studied both with and without concurrent therapeutic hypothermia. Our review therefore addresses not just neonatal HIE in high‐resource countries where therapeutic hypothermia is the standard of care, but also neonatal HIE in low‐ and middle‐income countries where therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to be ineffective, and where the greatest burden of HIE‐related morbidity and mortality exists.
Severe hypoglycaemia and diabetic ketoacidosis in adults presenting to a hospital emergency department: Adverse prognostic markers for survival in type 2 diabetes and the role of SGLT2 inhibitors
Authors: Song Soon H. , Frier Brian M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAimsTo determine the prognosis associated with severe hypoglycaemia (SH) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in adults presenting to a hospital emergency department (ED).MethodsMedical records of adults with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes who attended the ED with SH and DKA between 1 January 2019 and 30 June 2023, were reviewed for comorbidities, long‐term survival, mortality and causes of death.ResultsA total of 429 episodes of DKA occurred in 293 people and 643 episodes of SH in 515 people. DKA predominated in T1D (77.6%) and SH in T2D (54.3%). In T2D, 32.3% of DKA events were associated with sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitor (SGLT2‐i) medication. In both SH and DKA, patients with T2D were older and had more comorbidities than T1D, particularly cardiorenal disease, heart failure, cognitive impairment and cancer (all p < 0.005). Compared with T1D, mortality was higher in T2D after SH (48.4% vs. 19.9%, p < 0.005) and after DKA (30.8% vs. 13.4%, p = 0.001) with shorter median times to fatal outcome (SH: 134 vs. 511 days; DKA: 43 vs. 266 days, both p < 0.005). Long‐term survival was lower (p < 0.005) and mortality risk was higher in T2D after index presentation with SH (HR 3.43 [95% CI: 2.43–4.84], p < 0.005) and DKA (HR 3.00 [95% CI: 1.77–5.10], p < 0.005). Irrespective of diabetes type, most causes of death in SH and DKA were non‐cardiovascular.ConclusionsSH and DKA events requiring hospital treatment herald a poor prognosis with greater mortality in T2D adults with multimorbidity. A significant number of DKA episodes in T2D occurred in people receiving SGLT2‐i medication.