bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Acceptance of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Questions on Intake Forms in Outpatient Clinics: A Pragmatic Randomized Multisite Trial
Authors: Rullo Jordan E. , Foxen Jilian L. , Griffin Joan M. , Geske Jennifer R. , Gonzalez Cesar A. , Faubion Stephanie S. , van Ryn Michelle 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo (1) test whether patient attitudes toward intake forms at three Midwestern outpatient clinics are significantly more negative among those who are asked to complete SOGI questions versus those who are not; and (2) gain an in‐depth understanding of patient concerns about SOGI questions.Study SettingData were collected between 6/29/2015 and 2/29/2016 from new patients (N = 491) who presented at three outpatient clinics in a large academic medical center. This study was originally a quality improvement project, and later, institutional review board approval was obtained for secondary data analysis.Study DesignTwo‐stage mixed‐methods study. (1) Experimental: New patients at three sites were randomly assigned to complete either routine intake forms (control) or routine intake forms with SOGI questions (experimental); and (2) qualitative: interviews with patients who responded negatively to SOGI questions.Principal FindingsThere were no significant differences in patient attitudes between experimental and control groups (p > .05). Of those who received SOGI questions, only 3 percent reported being distressed, upset, or offended by the SOGI questions.ConclusionsCollection of SOGI data as a part of the routine clinical patient intake process is not distressing to 97 percent of patients who are heterosexual, cisgender, and older than 50 years.
Extending financial literacy to insurance literacy: a survey approach
Authors: Lin Xi , Bruhn Aaron , William Jananie 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe extend behavioural research in investment and retirement savings to insurance, by investigating factors that may influence individuals’ insurance decision making. These factors include financial literacy, specialist insurance education and some behavioural biases. Based on a definition of insurance literacy that requires both having, and applying insurance knowledge, we find from a survey of postgraduate students that financial literacy does not necessarily translate to insurance literacy, whereas more specialised education can improve insurance literacy. Results also indicate specialist education potentially reduces susceptibility to anchoring effects.
Modelling the responses of Australian subtropical rainforest birds to changes in environmental conditions along elevational gradients
Authors: Leach Elliot C. , Burwell Chris J. , Jones Darryl N. , Kitching Roger L. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractMontane birds face significant threats from a warming climate, so determining the environmental factors that most strongly influence the composition of such assemblages is of critical conservation importance. Changes in temperature and other environmental conditions along elevational gradients are known to influence the species richness and abundance of bird assemblages occupying mountains. However, the role of species‐specific traits in mediating the responses of bird species to changing conditions remains poorly understood. We aimed to determine whether different bird species responded differently to changing environmental conditions in a relatively understudied biodiversity hotspot in subtropical rainforest on the east coast of Australia. We examined patterns in avian species richness and abundance along two rainforest elevational gradients using monthly point counts between September 2015 and October 2016. Environmental data on temperature, wetness, canopy cover and canopy height were collected simultaneously, and trait information on body size and feeding guild membership for each bird species was obtained from the Handbook of Australian, New Zealand and Antarctic Birds. We used a generalized linear mixed modelling (GLMM) framework to determine the drivers of species richness and abundance and to quantify species’ trait–environment interactions.GLMMs indicated that temperature alone was significantly positively correlated with species richness and abundance. Species richness declined with increasing elevation. When modelling abundance, we found that feeding guild membership did not significantly affect species’ responses to environmental conditions. In contrast, the predicted abundance of a species was found to depend on its body size, due to significant positive interactions between this trait, temperature and canopy cover. Our findings indicate that large‐bodied birds are likely to increase in abundance more rapidly than small‐bodied birds with continued climatic warming. These results underline the importance of temperature as a driving factor of avian community assembly along environmental gradients.
Few mitochondrial DNA sequences are inserted into the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) nuclear genome: evolutionary analyses and informativity in the domestic lineage
Authors: Schiavo G. , Strillacci M. G. , Ribani A. , Bovo S. , Roman‐Ponce S. I. , Cerolini S. , Bertolini F. , Bagnato A. , Fontanesi L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryMitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) insertions have been detected in the nuclear genome of many eukaryotes. These sequences are pseudogenes originated by horizontal transfer of mtDNA fragments into the nuclear genome, producing nuclear DNA sequences of mitochondrial origin (numt). In this study we determined the frequency and distribution of mtDNA‐originated pseudogenes in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) nuclear genome. The turkey reference genome (Turkey_2.01) was aligned with the reference linearized mtDNA sequence using last. A total of 32 numt sequences (corresponding to 18 numt regions derived by unique insertional events) were identified in the turkey nuclear genome (size ranging from 66 to 1415 bp; identity against the modern turkey mtDNA corresponding region ranging from 62% to 100%). Numts were distributed in nine chromosomes and in one scaffold. They derived from parts of 10 mtDNA protein‐coding genes, ribosomal genes, the control region and 10 tRNA genes. Seven numt regions reported in the turkey genome were identified in orthologues positions in the Gallus gallus genome and therefore were present in the ancestral genome that in the Cretaceous originated the lineages of the modern crown Galliformes. Five recently integrated turkey numts were validated by PCR in 168 turkeys of six different domestic populations. None of the analysed numts were polymorphic (i.e. absence of the inserted sequence, as reported in numts of recent integration in other species), suggesting that the reticulate speciation model is not useful for explaining the origin of the domesticated turkey lineage.
Spatial dependency and technical efficiency: an application of a Bayesian stochastic frontier model to irrigated and rainfed rice farmers in Bohol, Philippines
Authors: Pede Valerien O. , Areal Francisco J. , Singbo Alphonse , McKinley Justin , Kajisa Kei 
Published: March 2018

AbstractWe investigated the role of spatial dependency in the technical efficiency estimates of rice farmers using panel data from the Central Visayan island of Bohol in the Philippines. Household‐level data were collected from irrigated and rainfed agro‐ecosystems. In each ecosystem, the geographical information on residential and farm‐plot neighborhood structures was recorded to compare household‐level spatial dependency among four types of neighborhoods. A Bayesian stochastic frontier approach that integrates spatial dependency was used to address the effects of neighborhood structures on farmers’ performance. Incorporating the spatial dimension into the neighborhood structures allowed for identification of the relationships between spatial dependency and technical efficiency through comparison with nonspatial models. The neighborhood structure at the residence and plot levels were defined with a spatial weight matrix where cut‐off distances ranged from 100 to 1,000 m. We found that spatial dependency exists at the residential and plot levels and is stronger for irrigated farms than rainfed farms. We also found that technical inefficiency levels decrease as spatial effects are more taken into account. Because the spatial effects increase with a shorter network distance, the decreasing technical inefficiency implies that the unobserved inefficiencies can be explained better by considering small networks of relatively close farmers over large networks of distant farmers.
Implications of the global growth slowdown for rural poverty
Authors: Laborde Debucquet David , Martin Will 
Published: March 2018

AbstractOver the past 25 years, higher growth in developing countries has contributed to a dramatic fall in global poverty, although poverty rates in rural areas remain higher than in urban areas. Unfortunately, projected growth rates have fallen in recent years; this article examines the impact of this slowdown on the poor, particularly the rural poor. It first uses a global model to assess the impacts of lower productivity on key price and income variables. It then uses microsimulation models for almost 300,000 households to assess the impacts on their real incomes. Although poverty rates overall are projected to fall substantially, the poorest countries see the greatest slowdown in poverty reduction, with over 5% of their population projected to remain below the poverty line. In addition, poverty rates will remain alarmingly high in many countries. Overall, 38 million fewer people will leave extreme poverty compared to earlier projections. Farm households are at particular risk in middle‐income countries, with over 1.5% more of the farming population remaining trapped in poverty than previously estimated. By 2030, average extreme poverty in rural areas is projected at about 7.5%, rather than 7.1% under the earlier growth projections. Clearly, a strong focus on policies for poverty reduction will be vital for eliminating poverty by 2030.
Electrocardiogram failure in the operating room – bench testing to prevent bed‐side disaster
Authors: Cowie B. , Baker L. , Shoghi B. , Worner M. , Scott D. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryElectrocardiogram (ECG) false alarms are common in electrically‐hostile peri‐operative environments. Newer integrated monitoring, with sophisticated hardware and software, has the potential to minimise artefacts. However, monitoring issues continue to occur, with the potential for critical incidents and unnecessary and harmful interventions. We describe the root cause analysis of a series of apparent ECG flatline asystolic events that appeared in the operating room shortly after the introduction of new intra‐operative monitoring systems. Clinical events and biomedical laboratory testing revealed complete loss of ECG signal with increasing resistance. The new ECG systems had incorporated both software and hardware changes to improve the fidelity of signal acquisition and display, but had become much more sensitive to impedance changes. After we alerted the manufacturer, they added software and hardware updates that resulted in resolution of all incidents of ECG loss‐of‐signal.
Adrenaline and cortisol levels are lower during nighttime than daytime hypoglycaemia in children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Fredheim S , Foli‐Andersen P , Lærkholm G , Svensson J , Juhl CB , Olsen B , Pilgaard K , Johannesen J 
Published: March 2018

AbstractAimWe investigated children's counter regulatory hormone profiles during a hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemic clamp procedure at day and night.MethodsIn 2013, we assessed the counter regulatory response to hypoglycaemia in eight outpatients with type 1 diabetes, recruited from the Herlev Hospital, Denmark, at a mean age of 9.6 ± 2.3 years. Hyperinsulinaemic 80 mU/m2/min clamps were performed with a stepwise reduction in plasma glucose from euglycaemia (7–9 mmol/L) to hypoglycaemia (<3.5 mmol/L) and the glucose nadir (≤2.2 mmol/L) during the day and night. Adrenaline, cortisol, glucagon and growth hormone levels were assessed.ResultsAdrenaline and growth hormone levels were higher during the day versus the night (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). However, at the glucose nadir, the level of adrenaline was lower during the night than the day (0.6 ± 0.2 versus 1.9 ± 0.5 nmol/L, p = 0.016) and cortisol was lower during the day than the night (42 ± 15 versus 319 ± 81 nmol/L, p = 0.016). No differences were demonstrated for glucagon and growth hormone levels based on the same criteria.ConclusionThe adrenaline response was blunted during nocturnal iatrogenic hypoglycaemia in our study cohort, and no increase in cortisol levels was demonstrated.
Pityriasis rosea‐like eruption associated with ondansetron use in pregnancy
Authors: Alame Malak M. , Chamsy Dina J. , Zaraket Hassan 
Published: March 2018

A 30‐year‐old pregnant female presented with a 2‐week history of pityriasis rosea‐like eruption. The rash started 2 days after the patient had started taking ondansetron 8 mg for alleviation of moderate‐to‐severe nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Physical examination revealed erythematous papulosquamous lesions characterized by annular scaly margins and a dusky centre over the arms, chest, abdomen, lower back and legs. The rash did not involve the palms, sole or mucous membranes, and no lesions were observed on the lymph nodes. Ondansetron was discontinued. The rash ceased to spread and started to disappear within 2 weeks with full resolution noted after 1 month. Analysis of the case using the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated that ondansetron was the probable cause of the pityriasis rosea‐like eruption. This is the first case report of pityriasis rosea related to ondansetron therapy.
Does patient reporting lead to earlier detection of drug safety signals? A retrospective comparison of time to reporting between patients and healthcare professionals in a global database
Authors: Rolfes Leàn , van Hunsel Florence , Caster Ola , Taavola Henric , Taxis Katja , van Puijenbroek Eugène 
Published: March 2018

AimsTo explore if there is a difference between patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) in time to reporting drug–adverse drug reaction (ADR) associations that led to drug safety signals.MethodsThis was a retrospective comparison of time to reporting selected drug–ADR associations which led to drug safety signals between patients and HCPs. ADR reports were selected from the World Health Organization Global database of individual case safety reports, VigiBase. Reports were selected based on drug–ADR associations of actual drug safety signals. Primary outcome was the difference in time to reporting between patients and HCPs. The date of the first report for each individual signal was used as time zero. The difference in time between the date of the reports and time zero was calculated. Statistical differences in timing were analysed on the corresponding survival curves using a Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsIn total, 2822 reports were included, of which 52.7% were patient reports, with a median of 25% for all included signals. For all signals, median time to signal detection was 10.4 years. Overall, HCPs reported earlier than patients: median 7.0 vs. 8.3 years (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients contributed a large proportion of reports on drug–ADR pairs that eventually became signals. HCPs reported 1.3 year earlier than patients. These findings strengthen the evidence on the value of patient reporting in signal detection and highlight an opportunity to encourage patients to report suspected ADRs even earlier in the future.
Predictive modelling of 2‐year potency outcomes using a novel 90‐day erection fullness scale after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy
Authors: Huynh Linda M. , Osann Kathryn , Skarecky Douglas , Ahlering Thomas E. 
Published: March 2018

ObjectiveTo introduce a patient‐reported erection fullness scale (%fullness) after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) as a qualitative adjunct to the five‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) and as a 90‐day predictor of 2‐year potency outcomes.Patients and MethodsProspective data were collected from 540 men with preoperative IIEF‐5 scores of 22–25 who underwent RARP by a single surgeon, and of whom 299 had complete data at all time points up to 2 years. In addition to standard assessment tools (IIEF‐5 and erections sufficient for intercourse [ESI]), the men were asked to ‘indicate the fullness you are able to achieve in erections compared to before surgery?’ (range: 0–100%). The primary outcome was prediction of potency (defined as ESI) at 24 months, based on 90‐day %fullness tertile (0–24%, 25–74% and 75–100%).ResultsA total of 299 men with complete follow‐up were included in the study. Significant predictors of 24‐month potency included age, body mass index, pathological stage, nerve‐sparing status and %fullness tertiles. When the men (preoperative IIEF‐5 score 22–25) were assessed at 90 days after RARP, 181/299 (61%) had erections inadequate for intercourse. If IIEF‐5 scores of 1–6 were used, 142/181 men (78%) would be targeted for early intervention. By contrast, if 0–24% fullness was used, 88/181 men (49%) would be targeted. If both the IIEF‐5 score and %fullness were used, this would be reduced to 77/181 men (43%).ConclusionsWe introduce %fullness as a qualitative adjunct to the IIEF‐5 score, and separately as a 90‐day predictor of 2‐year potency recovery. This initial report is hypothesis‐generating, such that the use of %fullness enables the identification of men who are most likely to benefit from early, secondary intervention.
Fluorescence tumor imaging by i.v. administered indocyanine green in a mouse model of colitis‐associated colon cancer
Authors: Nagahara Rei , Onda Nobuhiko , Yamashita Susumu , Kojima Miho , Inohana Mari , Eguchi Ayumi , Nakamura Misato , Matsumoto Shinya , Yoshida Toshinori , Shibutani Makoto 
Published: March 2018

Fluorescence tumor imaging using exogenous fluorescent tumor‐targeting agents has potential to improve early tumor detection. The fluorescent contrast agent indocyanine green (ICG) is used in medical diagnostics. The aim of the present study is to investigate the tumor imaging capability and the imaging mechanism of i.v. administered ICG in a mouse model of colitis‐associated colon cancer. To do this, an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colon cancer mouse model was used. Ex vivo imaging experiments were carried out 1 hour after i.v. injection of ICG. The ICG fluorescence was observed in the colon tumor tissues, with sufficient tumor to normal tissue ratio, correlating with tumor malignancy. In the tumor tissues, ICG fluorescence was localized in the vascular interstitial tissue. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that tumor cells formed tight junctions normally, suggesting an inability of tumor cellular uptake of ICG. In contrast, tumor tissues increased the CD31‐immunoreactive endothelial cell area, and accumulated stromal cells immunoreactive for COX‐2 and tumor cell population immunoreactive for inducible nitric oxide synthase. In vivo vascular permeability assay revealed that prostaglandin E2 promoted the endothelial cell permeability of ICG. In conclusion, our data indicated that fluorescence contrast‐enhanced imaging following i.v. administered ICG can be applied to the detection of colon tumors in a mouse colitis‐associated colon cancer model. The tumor tissue preference of ICG in the present model can be attributed to the enhanced vascular leakage of ICG involving inflammatory mediators, such as COX‐2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase, in conjunction with increased tumor vascularity.
Health‐related quality of life in patients with nonsurgical hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism
Authors: Underbjerg L. , Sikjaer T. , Rejnmark L. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryObjectiveNonsurgical hypoparathyroidism (NS‐HypoPT) and pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) are rare diseases, with a prevalence of 2/100.000 and 1/100.000, respectively. Only few studies on Quality of Life (QoL) among patients with Ns‐HypoPT and PHP are available. We aimed to investigate the QoL among patients with Ns‐HypoPT and PHP including information about education.DesignA cohort study with patients identified from a previously epidemiological study.PatientsFifty seven patients with Ns‐HypoPT and 30 patients with PHP.MeasurementsThe well‐validated questionnaires SF‐36v2 and WHO‐5 Well Being Index. Results compared to norm‐based material, disease‐specific norm‐based material and patients with postsurgical HypoPTResultsSF36v2 showed a significantly reduced score in all eight subdomains in patients with NS‐HypoPT compared with a norm‐based population. PHP patients scored lower in five subdomains. Females were more affected than males. Compared with postsurgical HypoPT, Ns‐HypoPT and PHP are compatible at most domains. At the domains Physical Function, Social Function and Mental Health, Ns‐HypoPT and PHP patients scored significantly lower (Pall < .05). At the Mental Component Score, patients with Ns‐HypoPT had a lower score compared with postsurgical HypoPT (P < .01). The overall WHO‐5 Well Being Index score was comparable between groups (P = .45). No differences were seen comparing patients with postsurgical HypoPT and Ns‐HypoPT (P = .68) or postsurgical HypoPT and PHP (P = .67). A WHO‐5 score below 28 indicates depression (NS‐HypoPT=7; PHP=3, P = .71), whereas a score between 28‐50 suggesting poor emotional well‐being (NS‐HypoPT=19; PHP=5, P = .13). The remaining patients scored above 50 suggesting well‐being.ConclusionQoL is impaired equally among patients with Ns‐HypoPT and PHP.
Treatment escape reduces the effectiveness of cabergoline during long‐term treatment of acromegaly in monotherapy or in association with first‐generation somatostatin receptor ligands
Authors: Kasuki Leandro , Dalmolin Marilia Duarte , Wildemberg Luiz Eduardo , Gadelha Mônica R. 
Published: March 2018

SummaryBackgroundFew studies evaluated the use of cabergoline (CAB) for acromegaly treatment in monotherapy or in combination with first‐generation somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs).AimTo evaluate the efficacy, predictors of response and safety of CAB treatment in acromegaly both in monotherapy and in combination with SRLs.MethodsWe retrospectively collected demographic, biochemical, tumour and treatment data. Short‐term disease control was defined as random GH level < 1.0 μg/L and normal age‐matched IGF‐I level after 3‐6 months of treatment with the higher dose used. Long‐term disease control was defined as maintenance of normal GH and IGF‐I levels at the last visit (at least 9 months of treatment).ResultsEighty‐two patients were studied. The median total time of treatment in monotherapy or in combination with SRLs was 14 months (3‐124) and 34 months (3‐88), respectively. Short‐term disease control was observed in 6 (21%) patients in the monotherapy group and in 20 (32%) in the combination group. Treatment escape was observed in 1 patient after 16 months of CAB monotherapy and in 6 (30%) patients with combination therapy (after a median of 38 months), resulting in long‐term disease control of 18% and 23%, respectively. Hyperprolactinemia was a predictor of response to monotherapy and pretreatment GH level to combination treatment.ConclusionWe presented the results of the largest single‐centre study with CAB in monotherapy and in combination with SRL. The efficacy of CAB in acromegaly seems to be lower than that of other drugs, and treatment escape may occur after a long‐term follow‐up.