bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface enhancement of FDM patterns to be used in rapid investment casting for making medical implants
Authors: Tiwary Vivek Kumar , P. Arunkumar , Deshpande Anand S. , Rangaswamy Nikhil 
Published: June 2019

PurposeDue to intrinsic limitations, fused deposition modelling (FDM) products suffer from the bad surface finish and inaccurate dimensional accuracies restricting its usage in many applications. Hence, there is a need for processing polymer patterns before, during and after their productions. This paper aims to highlight the importance of pre- and post-processing treatments on the FDM-based acrylonitrile butadiene styrene patterns improving its surface quality so, that it can be used in rapid investment casting process for making medical implants and other high precision components.Design/methodology/approachAs a part of pre-processing treatment, the machine parameters affecting the surface quality were identified and optimised using design of experiments. The patterns developed after the first stage of optimisation were given different post-processing treatments, which included vapour smoothening, chemical treatment and sand paper polishing. The results were compared and the best ones were used for making patterns for making medical implants via rapid investment casting technique. The surface quality was checked while the dimensional changes happening during the stages of this hybrid technique were recorded using a three-dimensional optical scanner.FindingsThe surface roughness of the FDM based ABS patterns reduced from 21.63 to 14.40µm with pre-processing treatments. Chemical treatment (post-processing treatment) turned to be the most suitable technique for reducing the surface roughness further down to 0.30µm. Medical implants that used these pre- and post-processing treatments gave an average surface roughness of 0.68µm. Cost and lead time comparisons showed that rapid investment casting technique can be a better method for low volume, customised and with specific requirements.Originality/valueFDM parts/medical implants produced by rapid investment casting technique suffer from the inferior surface finish and inaccurate dimensional accuracies limiting its applications. A systematic approach to overcome this issue is presented in this research paper. This will directly help the end users and the manufacturers of medical implants, wherein, better surface finish and dimensionally accurate components are expected.
Strategic analysis of medal markets at the Winter Olympics
Authors: Weber Andreas Christoph , De Bosscher Veerle , Shibli Simon , Kempf Hippolyt 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
This paper aims to propose the concept of market potential analysis, which is commonly applied in economics, as a method to enable these investment decisions to be based on sound evidence.

Design/methodology/approach
The markets for Olympic awards, i.e. medals (top three places) and diplomas (i.e. top eight places) are compared in alpine skiing, biathlon, cross country, speed skating, freestyle skiing, short track and snowboarding from 1992 to 2018.

Findings
The most notable changes are identified in cross country (2002), biathlon (2006), freestyle skiing (2014), snowboarding (2006 and 2014) and speed skating (2018).

Originality/value
In spite of the evidence of nations investing strategically in their elite sport systems to produce Olympic success, there is a lack of knowledge on how national-level decision makers can use a strategy to analyse the competitive environment concerning sports contested in the Olympic Winter Games.
Historical development of tourism journals – a milestone in 75 years: a perspective article
Authors: Kozak Metin 
Published: June 2019

Purpose
The historical background of journals in today's current form dates back to seventeenth century. However, the birth of tourism journals is dated to 1940s. This coincides with the emergence of tourism as an academic part of tourism studies and education. Thus, the paper aims to indicate the progress of tourism journals since their first induction in early 1940s.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on an overview of secondary sources through desk research and personal communication with several scholars in the field of tourism.

Findings
Tourism Review is the first academic journal in tourism dating back its origin to 1943. Since then, the journey of tourism journals has completed three full quarters. Looking at the progress recorded and reality observed in this milestone, the journey is taken into consideration under three periods: involvement, development and internalization. This paper briefly examines the characteristics of these three periods.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the outputs of this study, tourism research has accomplished a milestone making itself as a recognised field at the international level of research and education. There has been also a significant increase in the number of cross-citations exported to non-tourism journals. Such developments have allowed tourism to stand on its own two feet, and it seems that tourism is likely to have gained its independence as a field of academic studies and education.

Practical implications
An increase in the number of tourism journals and calibre research outputs is likely to make a wider impact on tourism services to produce better and more prolific outcomes for the sake of businesses and customers.

Originality/value
The originality of this study comes from the fact that there are limited attempts to look at how tourism journals have progressed since their induction in 1940s.
Evaluating the use of multiteam systems to manage the complexity of inpatient falls in rural hospitals
Authors: Jones Katherine J. , Skinner Anne , Venema Dawn , Crowe John , High Robin , Kennel Victoria , Allen Joseph , Reiter‐Palmon Roni 
Published: June 2019

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the implementation and outcomes of evidence‐based fall‐risk‐reduction processes when those processes are implemented using a multiteam system (MTS) structure.Data Sources/Study SettingFall‐risk‐reduction process and outcome measures from 16 small rural hospitals participating in a research demonstration and dissemination study from August 2012 to July 2014. Previously, these hospitals lacked a fall‐event reporting system to drive improvement.Study DesignA one‐group pretest‐posttest embedded in a participatory research framework. We required hospitals to implement MTSs, which we supported by conducting education, developing an online toolkit, and establishing a fall‐event reporting system.Data CollectionHospitals used gap analyses to assess the presence of fall‐risk‐reduction processes at study beginning and their frequency and effectiveness at study end; they reported fall‐event data throughout the study.Principal FindingsThe extent to which hospitals implemented 21 processes to coordinate the fall‐risk‐reduction program and trained staff specifically about the program predicted unassisted and injurious fall rates during the end‐of‐study period (January 2014‐July 2014). Bedside fall‐risk‐reduction processes were not significant predictors of these outcomes.ConclusionsMultiteam systems that effectively coordinate fall‐risk‐reduction processes may improve the capacity of hospitals to manage the complex patient, environmental, and system factors that result in falls.
Impact of spray‐drying on the pili of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
Authors: Kiekens Shari , Vandenheuvel Dieter , Broeckx Géraldine , Claes Ingmar , Allonsius Camille , De Boeck Ilke , Thys Sofie , Timmermans Jean‐Pierre , Kiekens Filip , Lebeer Sarah 
Published: June 2019

SummaryThe preservation of the viability of microorganisms in probiotic formulations is the most important parameter ensuring the adequate concentration of live microorganisms at the time of administration. The formulation and processing techniques used to produce these probiotic formulations can influence the preservation of the microbial viability. However, it is also required that the bacteria maintain their key probiotic capacities during processing, formulation and shelf life. In this study, we investigated the impact of spray‐drying on different cell wall properties of the model probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, including its adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. The dltD gene knock‐out mutant, L. rhamnosus GG CMPG5540, displaying modified cell wall lipoteichoic acids, showed significantly increased colony‐forming units after spray‐drying and subsequent storage under standard conditions compared to wild‐type L. rhamnosus GG. In contrast, disruption of the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides or pili expression did not impact survival. However, spray‐drying did significantly affect the adherence capacity of L. rhamnosus GG. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the pili, key surface factors for adherence to intestinal cells and mucus, were sheared off during the spray‐drying process. These data thus highlight that both the functionality and viability of probiotics should be assessed during the spray‐drying process and subsequent storage.
A cost per responder analysis of secukinumab vs adalimumab for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis from the Korean perspective
Authors: Kim Dam , Kim Hyojin , Cho SeongHa , Park Min‐Chan 
Published: June 2019

AbstractAimTo compare the cost‐effectiveness of secukinumab vs adalimumab at 1 and 2 years of treatment in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by analyzing the cost per responder reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from the Korean perspective.MethodA systematic literature search was performed via PubMed for relevant RCTs for comparing the response rate in patients with AS. The response rates in anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐naive subjects were extracted from RCTs and cost per responder analyses were calculated in case of both with or without a loading dosage of secukinumab compared with adalimumab.ResultsThe Assessment in AS International Working Group (ASAS) 20 and 40 response rates of secukinumab from the MEASURE 2 trial and those of adalimumab from the ATLAS trial were comparable. The cost per ASAS 20 responder was lower by 40% in secukinumab compared to adalimumab: USD9637 vs 16 129 at 52 weeks and USD20 051 vs 32 699 at 104 weeks for secukinumab (in maintenance dosing) vs adalimumab, respectively. The cost per ASAS 40 responder was also lower by 40% in secukinumab: USD12 179 vs 22 395 at 52 weeks and USD27 338 vs 41 655 at 104 weeks for secukinumab vs adalimumab, respectively. With a loading dosage of secukinumab at 52 and 104 weeks, secukinumab showed lower costs per responder by 25% compared to adalimumab.ConclusionThe costs per responder associated with ASAS 20 and 40 response rates were consistently lower for secukinumab compared with adalimumab. The treatment with secukinumab for patients with AS could be a cost‐saving treatment option in South Korea.
Joint modelling of multi‐scale animal movement data using hierarchical hidden Markov models
Authors: Adam Timo , Griffiths Christopher A. , Leos‐Barajas Vianey , Meese Emily N. , Lowe Christopher G. , Blackwell Paul G. , Righton David , Langrock Roland 
Published: June 2019

Abstract

Hidden Markov models are prevalent in animal movement modelling, where they are widely used to infer behavioural modes and their drivers from various types of telemetry data. To allow for meaningful inference, observations need to be equally spaced in time, or otherwise regularly sampled, where the corresponding temporal resolution strongly affects what kind of behaviours can be inferred from the data.

Recent advances in biologging technology have led to a variety of novel telemetry sensors which often collect data from the same individual simultaneously at different time‐scales, for example step lengths obtained from GPS tags every hour, dive depths obtained from time‐depth recorders once per dive, or accelerations obtained from accelerometers several times per second. However, to date, statistical machinery to address the corresponding complex multi‐stream and multi‐scale data is lacking.

We propose hierarchical hidden Markov models as a versatile statistical framework that naturally accounts for differing temporal resolutions across multiple variables. In these models, the observations are regarded as stemming from multiple connected behavioural processes, each of which operates at the time‐scale at which the corresponding variables were observed.

By jointly modelling multiple data streams, collected at different temporal resolutions, corresponding models can be used to infer behavioural modes at multiple time‐scales and in particular, help to draw a much more comprehensive picture of an animal's movement patterns, for example with regard to long‐term versus short‐term movement strategies.

The suggested approach is illustrated in two real‐data applications, where we jointly model (a) coarse‐scale horizontal and fine‐scale vertical Atlantic cod Gadus morhua movements throughout the English Channel, and (b) coarse‐scale horizontal movements and corresponding fine‐scale accelerations of a horn shark Heterodontus francisci tagged off the Californian coast.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of tadalafil in a paediatric population with pulmonary arterial hypertension: A multiple ascending‐dose study
Authors: Small David , Ferguson‐Sells Lisa , Dahdah Nagib , Bonnet Damien , Landry John , Li Baohui 
Published: June 2019

AimsTo evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of once‐daily (QD) tadalafil in paediatric patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) to establish an appropriate dose range for further research.MethodsThis was an open‐label, multicentre, international, multiple‐ascending‐dose study. Patients aged ≥2 years were enrolled into 1 of 3 cohorts based on body weight: heavy‐weight (≥40 kg), middle‐weight (25 to <40 kg), and light‐weight (<25 kg). Each patient received tadalafil QD for 10 weeks: 5 weeks at a low dose, then 5 weeks at a high dose. The doses for each cohort were intended to produce plasma tadalafil concentrations within the range produced by 5–10 mg (for the low dose) or 20–40 mg (for the high dose) of tadalafil in adults with PAH. Area under the plasma concentration–time curve during 1 dosing interval (AUCτ), maximum concentration, and apparent clearance were assessed throughout the trial, as were safety and tolerability.ResultsThe study enrolled 19 patients aged 2–17 years, weighing 9.9–76.0 kg. Tadalafil's median (range) steady‐state AUCτ at the high dose was 7243 (3131–13 088) ng•h/mL across all patients. Concentrations were higher in no bosentan‐treated patients than in bosentan‐treated patients, but both populations were within the range of respective adult patients taking 20–40 mg QD. Tadalafil had an acceptable safety profile consistent with the known safety profile of tadalafil in adults.ConclusionsTadalafil 40 mg QD for patients ≥40 kg, and 20 mg QD for patients <40 kg and aged ≥2 years, are suitable for further research in paediatric patients with PAH.
Essential role of PTPN11 mutation in enhanced haematopoietic differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells of juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia
Authors: Shigemura Tomonari , Matsuda Kazuyuki , Kurata Takashi , Sakashita Kazuo , Okuno Yusuke , Muramatsu Hideki , Yue Fengming , Ebihara Yasuhiro , Tsuji Kohichiro , Sasaki Katsunori , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Nakazawa Yozo , Koike Kenichi 
Published: June 2019

SummaryWe established mutated and non‐mutated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) clones from a patient with PTPN11 (c.226G>A)‐mutated juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML). Both types of iPSCs fulfilled the quality criteria. Mutated iPSC colonies generated significantly more CD34+ and CD34+CD45+ cells compared to non‐mutated iPSC colonies in a culture coated with irradiated AGM‐S3 cells to which four growth factors were added sequentially or simultaneously. The haematopoietic differentiation potential of non‐mutated JMML iPSC colonies was similar to or lower than that of iPSC colonies from a healthy individual. The PTPN11 mutation coexisted with the OSBP2 c.389C>T mutation. Zinc‐finger nuclease‐mediated homologous recombination revealed that correction of PTPN11 mutation in iPSCs with PTPN11 and OSBP2 mutations resulted in reduced CD34+ cell generation to a level similar to that obtained with JMML iPSC colonies with the wild‐type of both genes, and interestingly, to that obtained with normal iPSC colonies. Transduction of the PTPN11 mutation into JMML iPSCs with the wild‐type of both genes increased CD34+ cell production to a level comparable to that obtained with JMML iPSC colonies harbouring the two genetic mutations. Thus, PTPN11 mutation may be the most essential abnormality to confer an aberrant haematopoietic differentiation potential in this disorder.
BRD4 inhibitor and histone deacetylase inhibitor synergistically inhibit the proliferation of gallbladder cancer in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Liu Shilei , Li Fengnan , Pan Lijia , Yang Ziyi , Shu Yijun , Lv Wenjie , Dong Ping , Gong Wei 
Published: June 2019

AbstractGallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the bile duct and has a high mortality rate. Here, we demonstrated that BRD4 inhibitor JQ1 and histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) synergistically inhibited the GBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that cotreatment with JQ1 and SAHA significantly inhibited proliferation, cell viability and metastasis, and induced apoptosis and G2/M arrest in GBC cells, with only minor effects in benign cells. In vivo, tumor volumes and weights of GBC xenograft models were significantly decreased after treatment with JQ1 or SAHA; meanwhile, the cotreatment showed the strongest effect. Further study indicated that the above anticancer effects was associated with the downregulation of BRD4 and suppression of PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathways. These findings highlight JQ1 and SAHA as potential therapeutic agents and their combination as a promising therapeutic strategy for GBC.
Interstitial lung disease in patients with common variable immunodeficiency disorders: several different pathologies?
Authors: Patel S , Anzilotti C , Lucas M , Moore N , Chapel H 
Published: June 2019

Summary
Various reports of disease-related lung pathologies in common variable immunodeficiency disorder (CVID) patients have been published, with differing histological and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings. Data were extracted from the validated Oxford Primary Immune Deficiencies Database (PID) database (1986–2016) on adult, sporadic CVID patients with suspected interstitial lung disease (ILD). Histology of lung biopsies was studied in relation to length of follow-up, clinical outcomes, HRCT findings and chest symptoms, to look for evidence for different pathological processes. Twenty-nine CVID patients with lung histology and/or radiological evidence of ILD were followed. After exclusions, lung biopsies from 16 patients were reanalysed for ILD. There were no well-formed granulomata, even though 10 patients had systemic, biopsy-proven granulomata in other organs. Lymphocytic infiltration without recognizable histological pattern was the most common finding, usually with another feature. On immunochemistry (n = 5), lymphocytic infiltration was due to T cells (CD4 or CD8). Only one patient showed B cell follicles with germinal centres. Interstitial inflammation was common; only four of 11 such biopsies also showed interstitial fibrosis. Outcomes were variable and not related to histology, suggesting possible different pathologies. The frequent nodules on HRCT were not correlated with histology, as there were no well-formed granulomata. Five patients were asymptomatic, so it is essential for all patients to undergo HRCT, and to biopsy if abnormal HRCT findings are seen. Internationally standardized pathology and immunochemical data are needed for longitudinal studies to determine the precise pathologies and prognoses in this severe complication of CVIDs, so that appropriate therapies may be found.
How far we have come: A review of the evolution of posterior approach ptosis surgery
Authors: Ullrich Katja , Malhotra Raman 
Published: June 2019

AbstractWe revisit the evolution of posterior approach ptosis surgery. We address the early attempts at ptosis surgery, assess the more modern approach by de Blaskovics, followed by the division into “open sky” and “closed” techniques. The simultaneous developments occurring in America and Europe are described, along with refinement of surgical approaches such as conjunctival‐sparing posterior approach ptosis surgery.
Tests for latent tuberculosis in candidates for solid organ transplantation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Maung Myint Thida , Rogerson Thomas E. , Noble Kristy , Craig Jonathan C. , Webster Angela C. 
Published: June 2019

AbstractReactivation of latent tuberculosis following solid organ transplantation has serious consequences for the recipient. The most useful diagnostic test for latent TB is not clear. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the relative test performance of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) in people undergoing solid organ transplantation. The clinical or radiological risk factors were used as the proxy reference standard. Test performance was expressed as an odd ratio (OR). We identified 24 studies (N = 7811), 12 studies compared IGRAs with TST directly, nine studies evaluated only TST and three studies only IGRAs. Direct comparison between tests and clinical risk factors indicated both tests were strongly associated with the presence of clinical risk factors for TB (TST: OR 3.17; 95%CI 1.55‐6.48, IGRA: OR 2.78; 95%CI 1.55‐5.01), and radiological evidence of past TB (TST: OR 3.26; 95%CI 1.85‐5.73, IGRA: OR 3.85; 95%CI 2.16‐6.86). Relative comparison indicated IGRAs positivity was more strongly associated with presence of radiological evidence of TB than TST (relative OR: 3.24; 95%CI 1.10‐9.56). While there is no strong evidence in supporting use of IGRAs over TST for diagnosing latent TB, IGRAs positivity is more associated with the presence of radiological evidence of previous TB.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the β‐Site Amyloid Precursor Protein‐Cleaving Enzyme 1 Inhibitor Verubecestat (MK‐8931) in Healthy Elderly Male and Female Subjects
Authors: Forman Mark , Palcza John , Tseng Jack , Stone Julie A. , Walker Brittany , Swearingen Dennis , Troyer Matthew D. , Dockendorf Marissa F. 
Published: June 2019

β‐site amyloid precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is required for the production of β‐amyloid peptides, which are implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease. The safety and pharmacokinetics of the BACE1 inhibitor verubecestat have previously been studied in young adults aged 19–45 years. In this randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase I study (protocol MK‐8931‐006), we investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of a single dose (100 mg) or multiple doses (30, 80, and 120 mg) once daily for 28 days of verubecestat in healthy elderly subjects. Safety end points were assessed at baseline and during the duration of the study period and indicated that verubecestat was generally well tolerated. Verubecestat pharmacokinetics were similar between healthy elderly male and female subjects and similar to those reported in healthy young males in previous studies. These data supported subsequent studies to assess the potential efficacy of verubecestat in subjects with Alzheimer's disease.