bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient Involvement in Healthcare-Associated Infection Research: A Lexical Review
Authors: Dadich Ann , Wyer Mary 
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVEThis review examines patient involvement in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) research. Healthcare-associated infections represent an intractable issue with considerable implications for patients and staff. Participatory methodologies that involve patients in healthcare research are associated with myriad benefits.DESIGNLexical review.METHODSPubMed was searched to identify all publications on patient involvement in HAI research since 2000; publications were also identified from the cited references. A lexical analysis was conducted of the methods sections of 148 publications.RESULTSThe findings reveal that HAI research that actively involves patients and members of the public is limited.CONCLUSIONSPatient involvement is largely limited to recruitment to HAI studies rather than extended to patient involvement in research design, implementation, analysis, and/or dissemination. As such, there is considerable opportunity to further this important research area via alternative methodologies that award primacy to patient expertise and agency.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:710–717
General concepts of goals and goal-setting in healthcare: A narrative review
Authors: Ogbeiwi Osahon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractGoal-setting is fundamental to organisational management, yet not every manager knows how to do it well. A narrative literature review was done to explore current knowledge of definitions and classifications of goals, and principles of goal-setting in the healthcare sector. Online databases generated 65 relevant articles. Additional literature sources were snowballed from referenced articles, and textbooks. Most academic authors define ‘goal’ synonymously as ‘aim’ or ‘objective’, but there is evidence of hermeneutical confusion in general literature. Goal classifications are diverse, differing according to their contextual, structural, functional, and temporal characteristics. Many authors agree that goal-setting is problem-based, change-oriented, and can effectively motivate attainment if the goal statement is formulated with a specific and challenging or SMART framework. However, recent authors report varying definitions for SMART, and evidence of past studies that empirically examined the nature and efficacy of frameworks currently used for formulating goal statements for health programmes are lacking.
Traditional methodsv.new technologies – dilemmas for dietary assessment in large-scale nutrition surveys and studies: a report following an international panel discussion at the 9th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods (ICDAM9), Brisbane, 3 September 2015
Authors: Amoutzopoulos B. , Steer T. , Roberts C. , Cade J. E. , Boushey C. J. , Collins C. E. , Trolle E. , Boer E. J. de , Ziauddeen N. , van Rossum C. , Buurma E. , Coyle D. , Page P. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe aim of the present paper is to summarise current and future applications of dietary assessment technologies in nutrition surveys in developed countries. It includes the discussion of key points and highlights of subsequent developments from a panel discussion to address strengths and weaknesses of traditional dietary assessment methods (food records, FFQ, 24 h recalls, diet history with interviewer-assisted data collection)v.new technology-based dietary assessment methods (web-based and mobile device applications). The panel discussion ‘Traditional methodsv.new technologies: dilemmas for dietary assessment in population surveys’, was held at the 9th International Conference on Diet and Activity Methods (ICDAM9), Brisbane, September 2015. Despite respondent and researcher burden, traditional methods have been most commonly used in nutrition surveys. However, dietary assessment technologies offer potential advantages including faster data processing and better data quality. This is a fast-moving field and there is evidence of increasing demand for the use of new technologies amongst the general public and researchers. There is a need for research and investment to support efforts being made to facilitate the inclusion of new technologies for rapid, accurate and representative data.
Coniferous wood ofAgathoxylonfrom the La Matilde Formation, (Middle Jurassic), Santa Cruz, Argentina
Authors: Kloster Adriana C. , Gnaedinger Silvia C. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIn this contribution, four species ofAgathoxylonare described from the La Matilde Formation, Gran Bajo de San Julián and central and south-western sectors of Santa Cruz Province, Argentina.Agathoxylon agathioides(Kräusel and Jain) n. comb.,Agathoxylon santalense(Sah and Jain) n. comb.,Agathoxylon termieri(Attims) Gnaedinger and Herbst, and the new speciesAgathoxylon santacruzensen. sp. are described based on a detailed description of the secondary xylem. In this work, it was possible to construct scatter plots to elucidate the anatomical differences between the fossil species described on quantitative anatomical data. Comparisons are made with otherAgathoxylonspecies from Gondwana. These parameters can be used to discriminate genera and species of wood found in the same formation, as well as to establish differences/similarities between other taxa described in other formations. Some localities contain innumerable “in situ” petrified trees, which allowed us to infer that these taxa formed small forests, or local forests, or small forests within a dense forest, which is a habitat coincident with the extant Araucariaceae.
Rapid age assessment of glacial landforms in the Pyrenees using Schmidt hammer exposure dating (SHED)
Authors: Tomkins Matt D. , Dortch Jason M. , Hughes Philip D. , Huck Jonny J. , Stimson Andrew G. , Delmas Magali , Calvet Marc , Pallàs Raimon 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSchmidt hammer (SH) sampling of 54 10Be-dated granite surfaces from the Pyrenees reveals a clear relationship between exposure and weathering through time (n=52, R2=0.96, P<0.01) and permits the use of the SH as a numerical dating tool. To test this 10Be-SH calibration curve, 100 surfaces were sampled from five ice-front positions in the Têt catchment, eastern Pyrenees, with results verified against independent 10Be and 14C ages. Gaussian modelling differentiates Holocene (9.4±0.6 ka), Younger Dryas (12.6±0.9 ka), Oldest Dryas (16.1±0.5 ka), last glacial maximum (LGM; 24.8±0.9 ka) and Würmian maximum ice extent stages (MIE; 40.9±1.1 ka). These data confirm comparable glacier lengths during the LGM and MIE (~300 m difference), in contrast to evidence from the western Pyrenees (≥15 km), reflecting the relative influence of Atlantic and Mediterranean climates. Moreover, Pyrenean glaciers advanced significantly during the LGM, with a local maximum at ~25 ka, driven by growth of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, southward advection of the polar front, and a solar radiation minimum in the Northern Hemisphere. This calibration curve is available online (http://shed.earth) to enable wider application of this method throughout the Pyrenees.
Provincial Pasts and National Histories: Territorial self-fashioning in twentieth-century Bihar
Authors: CHAKRAVARTTY ARYENDRA 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article explores how local lived experiences and nationalist sentiments converged to shape a regional literati's conception of the province of Bihar in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century colonial India. Following the formation of the separate province of Bihar in 1912, certain very powerful Indian-nationalist and cultural-historical factors were deployed to create a much-needed cultural-historical past for Bihar. In this project of territorial self-fashioning, institutions such as the Bihar and Orissa Research Society (1915) and the Patna Museum (1917) became crucial to the new political-cultural configuration of the region. Additionally, they also made Bihar's ancient past visible in a deliberately nationalist narrative. Projecting its rich ancient past onto a national framework provided Bihar with the possibility of overcoming its characterization as ‘backward’ and provincial. This article therefore moves beyond analytic frameworks of nationalism which emphasize particularities of regional identity by framing them in perpetual antagonism to the efforts of Indian national integration. By looking at the construction of narratives of an ancient past that straddled the region and the nation, I argue that the emergence of an entity called Bihar was braided into India's nationalist imagination.
The Diffusion of Contention in Contemporary China: An investigation of the 2014–15 wave of teacher strikes
Authors: CHANG SHENGPING , HESS STEVE 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThe article examines a wave of teachers’ strikes that spread across China during the autumn, winter, and spring of 2014–15. Looking at event data and social media coverage of the wave, it discusses how social media enabled protesters to carry out media-savvy campaigns that involved both online and offline tactics, draw inspiration from claimants in faraway protest sites, and emulate tactics, slogans, and symbols from other locations. The episode indicates that claimants in contemporary China are utilizing social media to break the geographic bounds of localized protests and, while falling short of nationally coordinated protest movements, are able to generate widespread, cross-regional protest waves that place greater pressure on subnational authorities to give in to protester demands. These cross-regional protest waves present a third category of ‘widespread’ protests in China that are distinct from parochial/localized protests and national protest movements.
Knowing a Sentient Mountain: Space, science, and the sacred in ascents of Mount Paektu/Changbai
Authors: ROGASKI RUTH 
Published: April 2018

AbstractMount Paektu/Changbai is a massive stratovolcano situated on the current border between North Korea and China, in a region that has historically lain at the edges of competing Eurasian polities. Formed by a past of dramatic eruptions, Mount Paektu/Changbai has long been held as a powerful, sentient entity by those living near it, but the mountain's unique geographical features and distance from political centres rendered it extremely elusive as an object of elite empirical knowledge. This article examines narratives of multiple expeditions to Mount Paektu/Changbai from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries in order to understand the role of space in the creation of knowledge about the mountain, and to probe how that knowledge intersected with political goals. Consideration of human experience of the mountain's topography and environment reveals a complex relationship between proximal and distal perceptions of nature. Even as they sought to create rational, ‘universal’ forms of knowledge about the mountain, Asian elites appropriated more localized belief in the mountain's powers, creating a hybrid knowledge that combined science and miracles. As the political context shifted in the late nineteenth century, the positioning of this hybrid knowledge shifted to become an indiginized basis for national resistance. This consideration of Mount Paektu/Changbai highlights the virtues of making space and environment central to the political and cultural history of northeast Asia.
Developmental sensitivity to cannabis use patterns and risk for major depressive disorder in mid-life: findings from 40 years of follow-up
Authors: Schoeler Tabea , Theobald Delphine , Pingault Jean-Baptiste , Farrington David P. , Coid Jeremy W. , Bhattacharyya Sagnik 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundEvidence regarding the association between cannabis use and depression remain conflicting, especially as studies have not typically adopted a longitudinal design with a follow-up period that was long enough to adequately cover the risk period for onset of depression.MethodMales from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development (CSDD) (N = 285) were assessed seven times from age 8 to 48 years to prospectively investigate the association between cannabis use and risk of major depressive disorder (MDD). A combination of multiple analyses (logistic regression, Cox regression, fixed-effects analysis) was employed to explore the strength and direction of effect within different developmental stages.ResultsMultiple regression analyses revealed that early-onset cannabis use (before age 18) but not late-onset cannabis use (after age 27) was associated with a higher risk and shorter time until a subsequent MDD diagnosis. This effect was present in high-frequency [(odds ratio (OR) 8.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–70.79]; [hazard ratio (HR) 8.69, 95% CI 2.07–36.52)] and low-frequency early-onset users (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.22–4.76; HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.16–3.74). Effect of increased frequency of cannabis use on increased risk of subsequent MDD was observed only for use during adolescence (age 14–18) but not at later life stages, while controlling for observed and non-unobserved time-invariant factors. Conversely, MDD in adulthood (age 18–32) was linked to a reduction in subsequent cannabis use (age 32–48).ConclusionsThe present findings provide evidence implicating frequent cannabis use during adolescence as a risk factor for later life depression. Future studies should further examine causality of effects in larger samples.
The etiology of social aggression: a nuclear twin family study
Authors: Slawinski Brooke L. , Klump Kelly L. , Burt S. Alexandra 
Published: April 2018

AbstractBackgroundSocial aggression is a form of antisocial behavior in which social relationships and social status are used to damage reputations and inflict emotional harm on others. Despite extensive research examining the prevalence and consequences of social aggression, only a few studies have examined its genetic–environmental etiology, with markedly inconsistent results.MethodWe estimated the etiology of social aggression using the nuclear twin family (NTF) model. Maternal-report, paternal-report, and teacher-report data were collected for twin social aggression (N= 1030 pairs). We also examined the data using the classical twin (CT) model to evaluate whether its strict assumptions may have biased previous heritability estimates.ResultsThe best-fitting NTF model for all informants was the ASFE model, indicating that additive genetic, sibling environmental, familial environmental, and non-shared environmental influences significantly contribute to the etiology of social aggression in middle childhood. However, the best-fitting CT model varied across informants, ranging from AE and ACE to CE. Specific heritability estimates for both NTF and CT models also varied across informants such that teacher reports indicated greater genetic influences and father reports indicated greater shared environmental influences.ConclusionsAlthough the specific NTF parameter estimates varied across informants, social aggression generally emerged as largely additive genetic (A= 0.15–0.77) and sibling environmental (S= 0.42–0.72) in origin. Such findings not only highlight an important role for individual genetic risk in the etiology of social aggression, but also raise important questions regarding the role of the environment.
Narratives of migration on Facebook: Belonging and identity among former fellow refugees
Authors: Baran Dominika M. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article brings together research on migration and identity in translocal and superdiverse contexts, and the recently expanding interest in narratives and interaction in social media, by examining the construction of identities in narratives shared in a private Facebook group message. The participants are former fellow refugees from Poland who reconnected on Facebook after two decades. The article analyzes three narratives produced in response to the researcher's question about ethnic and national affiliations. Using Bucholtz & Hall's (2004) tactics of intersubjectivity framework, this study examines the complex and conflicting ways in which individuals position themselves with respect to various contexts of belonging and difference (Meinhof & Galasiński 2005) that emerge in their narratives. I argue that the narratives show a link between essentialist or nonessentialist views of ethnicity/nationality, and the teller's assumed agency over her identity. The study also discusses new possibilities for discursive practices in social media contexts. (Narrative, migration, social media, identity, belonging)
Computer simulation and experimental benchmarking of ultrashort pulse laser ablation of metallic targets
Authors: Suslova Anastassiya , Elsied Ahmed , Hassanein Ahmed 
Published: April 2018

AbstractIntegrated simulation results of femtosecond laser ablation of copper were compared with new experimental data. The numerical analysis was performed using our newly developed FEMTO-2D computer package based on the solution of the two-temperature model. Thermal dependence of target optical and thermodynamic processes was carefully considered. The experimental work was conducted with our 40 fs 800 nm Ti:sapphire laser in the energy range from 0.14 mJ to 0.77 mJ. Comparison of measured ablation profiles with simulation predictions based on phase explosion criterion has demonstrated that more than one ablation mechanisms contribute to the total material removal even in the laser intensity range where explosive boiling is dominating. Good correlation between experimental and simulation results was observed for skin depth and hot electron diffusion depth – two parameters commonly considered to identify two ablation regimes in metal. Analysis of the development dynamics for electron–lattice coupling and electron thermal conduction allowed explaining different ablation regimes because of the interplay of the two parameters.
Singularities of a planar 3-R

P

R parallel manipulator with joint clearance
Authors: Gallant Marise , Gosselin Clément 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARYIf the joint clearances of the joints of a manipulator are considered, an unconstrained motion of the end-effector can be computed. This is true for all poses of the manipulator, even with all actuators locked.This paper presents how this unconstrained motion can be determined for a planar 3-RPR manipulator. The singularities are then studied. It is shown that when clearances are considered, the singularity curves normally found in the workspace of such a manipulator become singular zones. These zones can be significant and greatly reduce the usable workspace of a manipulator. Since a prescribed configuration that would not, in theory, corresponds to a singular pose can become singular due to the unconstrained motion, the results of this paper are relevant to manipulator design and trajectory planning.
Fissures between Human Rights Advocates and NGO Practitioners in China's Civil Society: A Case Study of the Equal Education Campaign, 2009–2013
Authors: Zhou Mujun 
Published: April 2018

AbstractThis article uses a case study to analyse the fissures between human rights advocates and NGO practitioners. Since 2009, the Open Constitution Initiative, an organization run by human rights advocates, has been campaigning for migrant children's right to attend local schools. While fragmented resistance on the same issue has long existed in activities organized by migrant community NGOs, there has been almost no cooperation between the two parties during the campaign. Based on ethnographic research, I elaborate on how these two groups of activists differ in their strategies and goals, and how their choices are related to their understanding of political struggle and political transformation. I contend that this case provides a new lens through which to view the recent decline in some human rights activism in China, and illustrates the importance of investigating the internal structure of civil society.
Later-Life Homelessness as Disenfranchised Grief
Authors: Burns Victoria F. , Sussman Tamara , Bourgeois-Guérin Valérie 
Published: April 2018

RÉSUMÉBien que l’itinérance chez les personnes âgées soit un sujet qui se soit développé ces dernières années, peu de recherches ont considéré les expériences des « nouveaux » itinérants plus âgés à partir de leur propre perspective. La présente étude, reposant sur la théorie constructiviste, vise à combler cette lacune en explorant les liens entre la perception sociétale de l’itinérance et du vieillissement, d’une part, et l’accès au logement et aux services, ainsi que la perception de soi, d’autre part, pour 15 personnes âgées vivant dans des refuges d’urgence pour sans-abris à Montréal (Québec, Canada). Les résultats démontrent que l’itinérance provoque une réaction de deuil caractérisée par le choc, le désespoir, la colère et, dans certains cas, le soulagement. Le fait d’entrer en contact et de recevoir de l’appui d’autres personnes vivant dans les refuges et du personnel sur place ont aidé les participants à reconnaître et à faire le deuil de leurs pertes. Cependant, les conditions difficiles de la vie en refuge, le stigma associé au vieillissement et à l’itinérance, et la non-reconnaissance ou l’absence de validation des expériences de deuil ont contribué à empêcher la reconnaissance du deuil. La conceptualisation de l’itinérance au grand âge comme un deuil non reconnu contribue aux études concernant le vieillissement et l’itinérance, et trace une nouvelle voie pour améliorer la compréhension et la validation des expériences d’une population vulnérable et âgée en croissance.
Time location sampling in men who have sex with men in the HIV context: the importance of taking into account sampling weights and frequency of venue attendance
Authors: Sommen C. , Saboni L. , Sauvage C. , Alexandre A. , Lot F. , Barin F. , Velter A. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractSex between men is the most frequent mode of HIV transmission in industrialised countries. Monitoring risk behaviours among men who have sex with men (MSM) is crucial, especially to understand the drivers of the epidemic. A cross-sectional survey (PREVAGAY), based on time-location sampling, was conducted in 2015 among MSM attending gay venues in 5 metropolitan cities in France. We applied the generalised weight share method (GWSM) to estimate HIV seroprevalence for the first time in this population, taking into account the frequency of venue attendance (FVA). Our objectives were to describe the implementation of the sampling design and to demonstrate the importance of taking into account sampling weights, including FVA by comparing results obtained by GWSM and by other methods which use sample weights not including FVA or no weight. We found a global prevalence of 14.3% (95% CI (12.0–16.9)) using GWSM and an unweighted prevalence of 16.4% (95% CI (14.9–17.8)). Variance in HIV prevalence estimates in each city was lower when we did not take into account either the sampling weights or the FVA. We also highlighted an association of FVA and serological status in the most of investigated cities.
Multi-step prediction for influenza outbreak by an adjusted long short-term memory
Authors: Zhang J. , Nawata K. 
Published: April 2018

AbstractInfluenza results in approximately 3–5 million annual cases of severe illness and 250 000–500 000 deaths. We urgently need an accurate multi-step-ahead time-series forecasting model to help hospitals to perform dynamical assignments of beds to influenza patients for the annually varied influenza season, and aid pharmaceutical companies to formulate a flexible plan of manufacturing vaccine for the yearly different influenza vaccine. In this study, we utilised four different multi-step prediction algorithms in the long short-term memory (LSTM). The result showed that implementing multiple single-output prediction in a six-layer LSTM structure achieved the best accuracy. The mean absolute percentage errors from two- to 13-step-ahead prediction for the US influenza-like illness rates were all <15%, averagely 12.930%. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time that LSTM has been applied and refined to perform multi-step-ahead prediction for influenza outbreaks. Hopefully, this modelling methodology can be applied in other countries and therefore help prevent and control influenza worldwide.