bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspergillus fumigatus establishes infection in zebrafish by germination of phagocytized conidia, while Aspergillus niger relies on extracellular germination
Authors: Koch Bjørn E. V. , Hajdamowicz Natalia H. , Lagendijk Ellen , Ram Arthur F. J. , Meijer Annemarie H. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractAmong opportunistically pathogenic filamentous fungi of the Aspergillus genus, Aspergillus fumigatus stands out as a drastically more prevalent cause of infection than others. Utilizing the zebrafish embryo model, we applied a combination of non-invasive real-time imaging and genetic approaches to compare the infectious development of A. fumigatus with that of the less pathogenic A. niger. We found that both species evoke similar immune cell migratory responses, but A. fumigatus is more efficiently phagocytized than A. niger. Though efficiently phagocytized, A. fumigatus conidia retains the ability to germinate and form hyphae from inside macrophages leading to serious infection even at relatively low infectious burdens. By contrast, A. niger appears to rely on extracellular germination, and rapid hyphal growth to establish infection. Despite these differences in the mechanism of infection between the species, galactofuranose mutant strains of both A. fumigatus and A. niger display attenuated pathogenesis. However, deficiency in this cell wall component has a stronger impact on A. niger, which is dependent on rapid extracellular hyphal growth. In conclusion, we uncover differences in the interaction of the two fungal species with innate immune cells, noticeable from very early stages of infection, which drive a divergence in their route to establishing infections.
Biological Deep Temperature Imaging with Fluorescence Lifetime of Rare-Earth-Doped Ceramics Particles in the Second NIR Biological Window
Authors: Chihara Takumi , Umezawa Masakazu , Miyata Keiji , Sekiyama Shota , Hosokawa Naoki , Okubo Kyohei , Kamimura Masao , Soga Kohei 
Published: September 2019

AbstractContactless thermal imaging generally relies on mid-infrared cameras and fluorescence imaging with temperature-sensitive phosphors. Fluorescent thermometry in the near-infrared (NIR) region is an emerging technique for analysing deep biological tissues but still requires observation depth calibration. We present an NIR fluorescence time-gated imaging (TGI) thermometry technology based on fluorescence lifetime, an intrinsic fluorophore time constant unrelated to observation depth. Fluorophore used is NaYF4 co-doped with Nd3+ and Yb3+ that emits fluorescence at 1000 nm. An agarose gel-based phantom with the fluorophore embedded at a 5-mm depth was covered by sheets of meat to vary the observation depth. The temperature was determined independently from depth by sequences of NIR fluorescence decay images, and the rate of change in the fluorescence lifetime per temperature was almost constant (−0.0092 ~ −0.010 °C−1) at depths ranging from 0 to 1.4 mm of meat, providing non-contact and absolute measurements of temperature in deep biological tissues.
Insight to aspirin sorption behavior on carbon nanotubes from aqueous solution: Thermodynamics, kinetics, influence of functionalization and solution parameters
Authors: Elamin Mohamed R. , Abdulkhair Babiker Y. , Elzupir Amin O. 
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe chronic exposure to the pharmaceuticals and personal care products contaminants in water represent a serious public health problem to man and animal. We studied the removal of aspirin (Asp) as an example to these hazardous materials from an aqueous solution using functionalized (FMCNT) and pristine multiwall carbon nanotubes (PMCNT). The characterization of synthetic sorbents was examined with scanning electron energy-dispersive microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of adsorption time, sorbent mass, solution pH, ionic strength, and temperature were optimized. The functionalization increased the surface area from 151 to 181 m2 g−1. Consequently, the adsorption capacity increased from 41 mg g−1 to 58 mg g−1 for PMCNT and FMCNT, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption kinetic follows the pseudo-second-order model with very good agreement. Whereas, the adsorption mechanism study showed a partial agreement with the liquid-film diffusion model on PMCNT and FMCNT at 25 °C and 35 °C, respectively, with acceptable linear regression coefficients. The adsorption isotherm results revealed that the adsorption fits the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic study revealed that, Asp adsorption on both sorbents is exothermic, spontaneous and favorable. FMCNT showed relatively high removal efficiency when compared with the PMCNT when used for most of the conditions investigated.
Porcine deltacoronavirus causes diarrhea in various ages of field-infected pigs in China
Authors: Li Bingxiao , Zheng Lanlan , Li Haiyan , Ding Qingwen , Wang Yabin , Wei Zhanyong 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a novel coronavirus that causes acute diarrhea in suckling piglets. In Henan province of China, three swine farms broke out diarrhea in different ages of pigs during June of 2017, March of 2018 and January of 2019, respectively. PCR method, Taqman real-time RT-PCR method, sequencing, histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were conducted with the collected samples, and the results showed that PDCoV was detected among the suckling piglets, commercial fattening pigs and sows with diarrhea. PDCoV-infected suckling piglets were characterized with thin and transparent intestinal walls from colon to caecum, spot hemorrhage at mesentery and intestinal bleeding. PDCoV RNA was detected in multiple organs and tissues by Taqman real-time RT-PCR, which had high copies in ileum, inguinal lymph node, rectum and spleen. PDCoV antigen was detected in the basal layer of jejunum and ileum by IHC. In this research, we found that PDCoV could infect various ages of farmed pigs with watery diarrhea and anorexia in different seasons in a year.
Lysyl oxidases: from enzyme activity to extracellular matrix cross-links
Authors: Vallet Sylvain D. , Ricard-Blum Sylvie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The lysyl oxidase family comprises five members in mammals, lysyl oxidase (LOX) and four lysyl oxidase like proteins (LOXL1-4). They are copper amine oxidases with a highly conserved catalytic domain, a lysine tyrosylquinone cofactor, and a conserved copper-binding site. They catalyze the first step of the covalent cross-linking of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins collagens and elastin, which contribute to ECM stiffness and mechanical properties. The role of LOX and LOXL2 in fibrosis, tumorigenesis, and metastasis, including changes in their expression level and their regulation of cell signaling pathways, have been extensively reviewed, and both enzymes have been identified as therapeutic targets. We review here the molecular features and three-dimensional structure/models of LOX and LOXLs, their role in ECM cross-linking, and the regulation of their cross-linking activity by ECM proteins, proteoglycans, and by inhibitors. We also make an overview of the major ECM cross-links, because they are the ultimate molecular readouts of LOX/LOXL activity in tissues. The recent 3D model of LOX, which recapitulates its known structural and biochemical features, will be useful to decipher the molecular mechanisms of LOX interaction with its various substrates, and to design substrate-specific inhibitors, which are potential antifibrotic and antitumor drugs.
Communicative Use of Triadic Eye Gaze in Children With Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Other Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Hahn Laura J. , Brady Nancy C. , Versaci Theresa 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
This study examines differences in the communicative use of triadic eye gaze (TEG) during a communicative interaction in 2 neurodevelopmental disorders: Down syndrome (DS) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and a 3rd group of varying disabilities associated with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). Also, the relationship between TEG use and language abilities was explored.

Method
Participants were 45 children, 15 in each group. The frequency of TEG was coded during a scripted communication assessment when children were between 3 and 6 years of age (37–73 months). Receptive and expressive language was measured using raw scores from the Mullen Scales of Early Learning concurrently between 3 and 6 years and again 2 years later when children were between 5 and 8 years (59–92 months).

Results
Descriptively, children with DS had a higher frequency of TEG than children with ASD and IDD, but significant differences were only observed between children with DS and ASD. More TEG at Time 1 in children with DS was associated with higher receptive language at Time 1 and higher expressive language at Time 2. For children with ASD, a trend for a positive association between TEG at Time 1 and language abilities at Time 2 was observed. No significant associations were observed for children with IDD.

Conclusion
Children with DS used TEG significantly more than children with ASD in this sample. Identifying strengths and weaknesses in TEG use is important because providing caregiver training to facilitate TEG can result in increased opportunities to respond with language models and promote language development.
Comparative Effects of High-Tech Visual Scene Displays and Low-Tech Isolated Picture Symbols on Engagement From Students With Multiple Disabilities
Authors: Holyfield Christine , Brooks Sydney , Schluterman Allison 
Published: September 2019

Purpose
Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is an intervention approach that can promote communication and language in children with multiple disabilities who are beginning communicators. While a wide range of AAC technologies are available, little is known about the comparative effects of specific technology options. Given that engagement can be low for beginning communicators with multiple disabilities, the current study provides initial information about the comparative effects of 2 AAC technology options—high-tech visual scene displays (VSDs) and low-tech isolated picture symbols—on engagement.

Method
Three elementary-age beginning communicators with multiple disabilities participated. The study used a single-subject, alternating treatment design with each technology serving as a condition. Participants interacted with their school speech-language pathologists using each of the 2 technologies across 5 sessions in a block randomized order.

Results
According to visual analysis and nonoverlap of all pairs calculations, all 3 participants demonstrated more engagement with the high-tech VSDs than the low-tech isolated picture symbols as measured by their seconds of gaze toward each technology option. Despite the difference in engagement observed, there was no clear difference across the 2 conditions in engagement toward the communication partner or use of the AAC.

Conclusions
Clinicians can consider measuring engagement when evaluating AAC technology options for children with multiple disabilities and should consider evaluating high-tech VSDs as 1 technology option for them. Future research must explore the extent to which differences in engagement to particular AAC technologies result in differences in communication and language learning over time as might be expected.
Transient processing and analysis using AMPEL: alert management, photometry, and evaluation of light curves
Authors: Nordin J. , Brinnel V. , van Santen J. , Bulla M. , Feindt U. , Franckowiak A. , Fremling C. , Gal-Yam A. , Giomi M. , Kowalski M. , Mahabal A. , Miranda N. , Rauch L. , Reusch S. , Rigault M. , Schulze S. , Sollerman J. , Stein R. , Yaron O. , van Velzen S. , Ward C. 
Published: September 2019

Context.Both multi-messenger astronomy and new high-throughput wide-field surveys require flexible tools for the selection and analysis of astrophysical transients.Aims.Here we introduce the alert management, photometry, and evaluation of light curves (AMPEL) system, an analysis framework designed for high-throughput surveys and suited for streamed data.AMPELcombines the functionality of an alert broker with a generic framework capable of hosting user-contributed code; it encourages provenance and keeps track of the varying information states that a transient displays. The latter concept includes information gathered over time and data policies such as access or calibration levels.Methods.We describe a novel ongoing real-time multi-messenger analysis usingAMPELto combine IceCube neutrino data with the alert streams of the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF). We also reprocess the first four months of ZTF public alerts, and compare the yields of more than 200 different transient selection functions to quantify efficiencies for selecting Type Ia supernovae that were reported to the Transient Name Server (TNS).Results.We highlight three channels suitable for (1) the collection of a complete sample of extragalactic transients, (2) immediate follow-up of nearby transients, and (3) follow-up campaigns targeting young, extragalactic transients. We confirm ZTF completeness in that all TNS supernovae positioned on active CCD regions were detected.Conclusions.AMPELcan assist in filtering transients in real time, running alert reaction simulations, the reprocessing of full datasets as well as in the final scientific analysis of transient data. This is made possible by a novel way of capturing transient information through sequences of evolving states, and interfaces that allow new code to be natively applied to a full stream of alerts. This text also introduces a method by which users can design their own channels for inclusion in theAMPELlive instance that parses the ZTF stream and the real-time submission of high-quality extragalactic supernova candidates to the TNS.
Planet formation and migration near the silicate sublimation front in protoplanetary disks
Authors: Flock Mario , Turner Neal J. , Mulders Gijs D. , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Nelson Richard P. , Bitsch Bertram 
Published: September 2019

Context. The increasing number of newly detected exoplanets at short orbital periods raises questions about their formation and migration histories. Planet formation and migration depend heavily on the structure and dynamics of protoplanetary disks. A particular puzzle that requires explanation arises from one of the key results of the Kepler mission, namely the increase in the planetary occurrence rate with orbital period up to 10 days for F, G, K and M stars.
Aims. We investigate the conditions for planet formation and migration near the dust sublimation front in protostellar disks around young Sun-like stars. We are especially interested in determining the positions where the drift of pebbles would be stopped, and where the migration of Earth-like planets and super-Earths would be halted.
Methods. For this analysis we use iterative 2D radiation hydrostatic disk models which include irradiation by the star, and dust sublimation and deposition depending on the local temperature and vapor pressure.
Results. Our results show the temperature and density structure of a gas and dust disk around a young Sun-like star. We perform a parameter study by varying the magnetized turbulence onset temperature, the accretion stress, the dust mass fraction, and the mass accretion rate. Our models feature a gas-only inner disk, a silicate sublimation front and dust rim starting at around 0.08 au, an ionization transition zone with a corresponding density jump, and a pressure maximum which acts as a pebble trap at around 0.12 au. Migration torque maps show Earth- and super-Earth-mass planets halt in our model disks at orbital periods ranging from 10 to 22 days.
Conclusions. Such periods are in good agreement with both the inferred location of the innermost planets in multiplanetary systems, and the break in planet occurrence rates from the Kepler sample at 10 days. In particular, models with small grains depleted produce a trap located at a 10-day orbital period, while models with a higher abundance of small grains present a trap at around a 17-day orbital period. The snow line lies at 1.6 au, near where the occurrence rate of the giant planets peaks. We conclude that the dust sublimation zone is crucial for forming close-in planets, especially when considering tightly packed super-Earth systems.
Präklinische Studie: Probiotika als neue Therapieoption bei
intestinaler Fruktoseintoleranz
Authors: Goroncy Kati 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Aufnahme von Fruktose mit der Nahrung kann bei Menschen mit intestinaler
Fruktoseintoleranz (IFI) Beschwerden wie Durchfall und Blähungen auslösen. Mit
zunehmendem Fruktosegehalt in der Nahrung sind immer mehr Menschen betroffen.
Der Artikel beschreibt Ursachen und Symptome einer IFI und stellt anhand
jüngster präklinischer Studien dar, wie sie mithilfe probiotischer Bakterien
vermieden werden könnten.
Arbeiten fern der Heimat
Authors: Ullrich Lothar 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungCamila Matias Cardoso da Silva und Ingrid Alves de Figueiredo sind zwei
Pflegende, die aus Brasilien stammen, dort ihre Ausbildung absolviert und nach
Deutschland gekommen sind. Derzeit arbeiten sie im Uniklinikum Münster. Im
Interview mit intensiv-Herausgeber Lothar Ullrich berichten sie von ihren
Erfahrungen.
Ernährung bei Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Authors: Fiederling Ute 
Published: September 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Ernährungstherapie ist Teil der Basistherapie des Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus.
Dennoch gibt es keinen eindeutigen Konsens darüber, mit welcher Ernährungsweise
die besten Erfolge zu erzielen sind 1, 2. Den Betroffenen soll eine adäquate Therapie
ermöglicht werden, deren Inhalte innerhalb von Schulungen vermittelt werden, die
jedoch in Eigenverantwortung und Selbstmanagement praktische Anwendung finden
müssen 1.
Nesfatin-1 Acts Centrally to Induce Sympathetic Activation of Brown Adipose Tissue and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis
Authors: Levata Luka , Dore Riccardo , Jöhren Olaf , Schwaninger Markus , Schulz Carla , Lehnert Hendrik 
Published: September 2019

AbstractNesfatin-1 has originally been established as a bioactive peptide interacting with key hypothalamic nuclei and neural circuitries in control of feeding behavior, while its effect on energy expenditure has only recently been investigated. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine whether centrally acting nesfatin-1 can induce β3-adrenergic stimulation, which is a prerequisite for the activation of thermogenic genes and heat release from interscapular brown adipose tissue, key physiological features that underlie increased energy expenditure. This question was addressed in non-fasted mice stereotactically cannulated to receive nesfatin-1 intracerebroventricularly together with peripheral injection of the β3-adrenoceptor antagonist SR 59230 A, to assess whole-body energy metabolism. Using a minimally invasive thermography technique, we now demonstrate that the thermogenic effect of an anorectic nesfatin-1 dose critically depends on β3 adrenergic stimulation, as the co-administration with SR 59230 A completely abolished heat production from interscapular brown adipose tissue and rise in ocular surface temperature, thus preventing body weight loss. Moreover, through indirect calorimetry it could be shown that the anorectic concentration of nesfatin-1 augments overall caloric expenditure. Plausibly, central administration of nesfatin-1 also enhanced the expression of DIO2 and CIDEA mRNA in brown adipose tissue critically involved in the regulation of thermogenesis.
Pd/PTABS: An Efficient Catalytic System for the Aminocarbonylation of a Sugar-Protected Nucleoside
Authors: Bhilare Shatrughn , Shah Jagrut , Gaikwad Vinayak , Gupta Gaurav , Sanghvi Yogesh S. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. , Kapdi Anant R. 
Published: September 2019

A highly efficient and mild protocol for the aminocarbonylation of a nucleoside is developed by employing palladium/(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantan-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate (Pd/PTABS) as the catalytic system. The developed aminocarbonylation methodology employs CO gas at a relatively low temperature of 60 °C and is suitable for a wide range of amines, including (heteroaryl)benzylic, aliphatic acyclic, alicyclic and secondary amines. This protocol is also utilized for the synthesis of a sangivamycin precursor by carrying out the Pd-catalyzed amination and aminocarbonylation simultaneously. The utility of this protocol is further demonstrated by the synthesis of the drugs moclobemide and nikethamide.
Design and Comprehension Testing of Tailored Asthma Control Infographics for Adults with Persistent Asthma
Authors: Arcia Adriana , George Maureen , Lor Maichou , Mangal Sabrina , Bruzzese Jean-Marie 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Background Adherence to daily inhaled corticosteroid medication is important for asthma control but low health literacy is a barrier to comprehension of control status and may contribute to medication nonadherence. Infographics tailored with patients' own data can support comprehension of health status, but these have not been applied to asthma successfully.
Objectives This two-phased study developed and tested tailored infographics of (1) scores on the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), a self-report measure of symptom burden, and (2) pulmonary function test (PFT) results. The infographics are intended for use as communication and adherence-promotion tools in clinical interactions.
Methods For both phases, participants (18+ years, English- or Spanish-speaking, persistent asthma) were recruited through two primary care clinics. In Phase I, we used a hybrid iterative participatory design process to refine prototype designs. In Phase II, we conducted individual comprehension assessment interviews with the finalized designs. Infographics were hand-tailored for each participant using their ACQ score and PFT results collected at the start of the interview. Two independent raters scored interview transcripts for gist and verbatim comprehension based on a predetermined rubric.
Results The five Phase I design sessions led to final prototypes that participants (n = 21) considered appealing and easy to comprehend. All Phase II participants (n = 10) demonstrated complete gist and verbatim comprehension. Participants reacted favorably to receiving their information via infographics and expressed intentions to engage in self-management behaviors (e.g., medication adherence, smoking cessation, weight loss, and review of their care plan) in response to the information.
Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence that infographics can support comprehension of asthma control status and promote self-management intentions among adults with persistent asthma. Infographics can be programmed into electronic health records and/or standalone applications to allow for instant tailoring at the point of care.