bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Étienne Balibar et la question du racisme dans Race, nation, classe
Authors: Gaignard Olivier 
Published: October 2018

Le présent article cherche à mettre en relief la position philosophique d’Étienne Balibar sur la question du racisme à partir de Race, nation, classe et s’interroge sur l’actualité de ces analyses. Partant du constat de l’expansion du racisme dans le monde contemporain, ce philosophe ne craint pas d’affirmer que le racisme est un universalisme. É. Balibar récuse toute approche essentialiste et tente de saisir le racisme comme une réalité historique multi-dimensionnelle dont les formes s’actualisent à partir de la mémoire des racismes antérieurs. Il spécifie le racisme de notre époque comme un racisme différentialiste qui, naissant après la colonisation, substitue la « culture » aux « races » biologiques et à leur hiérarchisation. La compréhension de l’expansion du racisme dans le monde contemporain passe par l’analyse de l’articulation du racisme au nationalisme et à la lutte des classes. Considérant le racisme comme supplément intérieur et excessif du nationalisme, il soutient que l’agression raciste est une violence autorisée par les institutions de l’État national. Établi sur la différence entre les nationaux et les étrangers, l’État moderne est universaliste en théorie et raciste en pratique. L’articulation du racisme à la lutte des classes s’appuie sur l’idée selon laquelle la race est l’autre nom de la classe. Quand la prolétarisation plonge les individus dans l’indifférenciation sociale, la crise raciste se déclenche. Enfin, si le racisme est un universalisme, c’est précisément parce qu’il construit au sein du genre humain la différence entre l’homme et l’animal, entre le surhumain et le sous-humain.
Reference SLE Didactics Framework Proposal for Moroccan Middle School Teachers: Immunology as a Model
Authors: Elmazouni Nourdine Benelhadi , Rihane Abdeslam , Tridane Malika , Belaaouad Said 
Published: October 2018

Abstract—Immunology, by the nature of its concept, is of considerable benefit for the translation of the objectives of health education and teaching of sciences of life and earth (SLE) namely, the formation of the scientific mind and the development of a scientific culture for the student.
It is from this angle that a course in immunology has acquired its citizenship right in the Moroccan curriculum of the SLE of the 3rd year of middle school education.
Having experienced a scientific revolution, immunology raises several didactic problems for teachers. Continuing training in SLE didactics applied to immunology could be considered as a tool for the professionalization of the teaching act.
In this article, we have proposed a reference framework for SLE didactics modeled on immunology to be integrated into the continuous training of teachers. This framework includes a body of knowledge on various aspects related to the didactics of immunology. These include the historical-epistemological development of immunology, its status in the curriculum and representations of Moroccan students on the concept of immunity.
Cognitive Contributors to Multiple Errands Test (MET) Performance
Authors: Hansen Melissa , De Amicis Nicole K. , Anderson Nicole D. , Binns Malcolm A. , Clark Amanda J. , Dawson Deirdre R. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The Multiple Errands Test (MET) was designed to measure the effect of executive dysfunction on everyday life activities, but little is known about the cognitive requirements for successful performance. This study’s objective was to investigate cognitive functions associated with successful MET performance, specifically, the Baycrest-MET.
METHOD. Correlation analysis examined relationships between Baycrest-MET performance and neuropsychological functioning in participants with acquired brain injury (ABI; N = 27).
RESULTS. The association of tasks omitted with executive function (EF) accounted for 15.2%–42.3% of the variance; the association of tasks omitted with attention and processing speed, for 16.8%–24.0%; and the association of tasks omitted and total rule breaks with visuospatial memory, for 18.5%–31.4%.
CONCLUSION. Poor performance on the Baycrest-MET in people with ABI is associated with impairments of EF, attention, memory, and processing speed. Different patterns of performance may arise from different constellations of impairments.
Reduction of radiation dose for coronary computed tomography angiography using prospective electrocardiography-triggered high-pitch acquisition in clinical routine
Authors: Chaosuwannakit Narumol , Makarawate Pattarapong 
Published: October 2018

PurposeTo evaluate the image quality, radiation exposure, and means of application in a group of patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) performed with low-dose prospective electrocardiography (ECG)-triggered acquisition in which a standard sequence was added if the low-dose sequence did not allow reliable exclusion of coronary stenosis with respect to image quality.Material and methodsThe present study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine, and informed consent was obtained from all patients. The authors performed a retrospective review of 256 consecutive patients referred for CCTA using dual-source CT scanner (Definition FLASH, Siemens, Germany). CCTA was performed using prospective ECG-triggered high-pitch acquisition. In patients with higher heart rates (> 65 bpm) or in whom irregular heart rates were noted prior to the scan, a subsequent CCTA was performed immediately (double flash protocol). The effective radiation dose was calculated for each patient. All images were evaluated by two independent observers for quality on a four-point scale with 1 being non-diagnostic image quality and 4 being excellent.ResultsMean effective whole-body dose of CCTA was 1.6 ± 0.4 mSv (range, 0.4-5.4) for the entire cardiac examination and 0.9 ± 0.3 mSv (range, 0.4-2.8) for individual prospective ECG-triggered high-pitch CCTAs. In 27 of these patients with higher heart rates or occasional premature ventricular contractions or atrial fibrillation, subsequent CCTAs were performed immediately. The average image quality score was good to excellent with less than 1% unevaluable coronary segments. The double flash protocol resulted in a fully diagnostic CCTA in all cases.ConclusionsThe prospective ECG-triggered high-pitch CCTA technique is feasible and promising in clinical routine with good to excellent image quality and minimal radiation dose. The double flash protocol might become a more robust tool in patients with higher heart rates or arrhythmia.
Interventional radiology treatments for iatrogenic severe bleeding during percutaneous coronary interventions
Authors: Pasecki Piotr , Narloch Jerzy , Tkaczewski Konrad , Wasek Wojciech , Ziecina Piotr , Brzozowski Krzysztof 
Published: October 2018

PurposeInterventional cardiology and interventional radiology are separate medical disciplines in which intra-arterial contrast media are used. Interventional cardiology has resigned from many types of treatment techniques that are now used and developed in the field of interventional radiology. In the event of iatrogenic bleeding during coronary interventions, there is an urgent need to use safe and efficient rescue procedures that are as efficient as cardiosurgery but use simpler treatment options. Serious perforations require immediate endovascular interventions. Medical history may reveal risk factors for artery perforation. Medicines, location of artery perforation, and extent of bleeding are directly associated with the prognosis. Most often, arterial perforations are due to inappropriate wire manipulation or use of oversized balloons or cutting balloons. Prolonged, artery-occluding balloon inflation, covered stent implantation, and embolisation with different agents are among the available treatment options for artery ruptures.Material and methodsA retrospective analysis was carried out among selected patients with iatrogenic vascular complications during procedures involving either coronary or non-coronary arteries.ResultsOnly representative cases were selected and presented in the patient subsection.ConclusionsArtery perforation during cardiac catheterisation can lead to dire consequences. To manage this complication, clinicians need pre-established procedures, adequate resources, and knowledge. Interventional radiology can be used as a salvage therapy in such cases.
CT/MRI LI-RADS v2017 – review of the guidelines
Authors: Rosiak Grzegorz , Podgórska Joanna , Rosiak Edyta , Cieszanowski Andrzej 
Published: October 2018

The Liver Imaging-Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS or LR) is a classification system for reading and reporting imaging studies in patients with high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). One of its main goals is to improve communication between specialties, especially radiologists, hepatologists, surgeons, and pathologists. LI-RADS defines imaging features of the lesions and stratifies the risk of HCC into categories. It is the most comprehensive and highly specific system; however, its seeming complexity prevents many radiologists from using it in everyday practice. This article is a detailed review of the latest version of LI-RADS (v. 2017), which should be helpful for radiologists who are not very familiar with the system and its latest update.
Observations of the microphysical evolution of convective clouds in the southwest of the United Kingdom
Authors: Jackson Robert , French Jeffrey R. , Leon David C. , Plummer David M. , Lasher-Trapp Sonia , Blyth Alan M. , Korolev Alexei 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The COnvective Precipitation Experiment (COPE) was designed to investigate
the origins of heavy convective precipitation over the southwestern UK, a
region that experiences flash flooding due to heavy precipitation from
slow-moving convective systems. In this study, the microphysical and
dynamical characteristics of developing turrets during 4 days in July and
August 2013 are analyzed. In situ cloud microphysical measurements from the
University of Wyoming King Air and vertically pointing W-band radar
measurements from Wyoming Cloud Radar are examined, together with data from
the ground-based NXPol radar. The 4 days presented here cover a range of environmental conditions in
terms of wind shear and instability, resulting in a similarly wide
variability in observed ice crystal concentrations, both across days as well
as between clouds on individual days. The highest concentration of ice was
observed on the days in which there was an active warm-rain process supplying
precipitation-sized liquid drops. The high ice concentrations observed (>100 L−1) are consistent with the production of secondary ice particles
through the Hallett–Mossop process. Turrets that ascended through remnant
cloud layers above the 0 ∘C level had higher ice particle
concentrations, suggesting that entrainment of ice particles from older
clouds or previous thermals may have acted to aid in the production of
secondary ice through the Hallett–Mossop process. Other mechanisms such as
the shattering of frozen drops may be more important for producing ice in
more isolated clouds.
Simulation of observed climate changes in 1850–2014 with climate model INM-CM5
Authors: Volodin Evgeny , Gritsun Andrey 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Climate changes observed in 1850–2014 are modeled and studied on the basis
of seven historical runs with the climate model INM-CM5 under the scenario
proposed for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). In
all runs global mean surface temperature rises by 0.8 K at the end of the
experiment (2014) in agreement with the observations. Periods of fast warming
in 1920–1940 and 1980–2000 as well as its slowdown in 1950–1975 and
2000–2014 are correctly reproduced by the ensemble mean. The notable change
here with respect to the CMIP5 results is the correct reproduction of the
slowdown in global warming in 2000–2014 that we attribute to a change in
ocean heat uptake and a more accurate description of the total solar
irradiance in the CMIP6 protocol. The model is able to reproduce the correct
behavior of global mean temperature in 1980–2014 despite incorrect phases of
the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and Pacific Decadal Oscillation indices
in the majority of experiments. The Arctic sea ice loss in recent decades is
reasonably close to the observations in just one model run; the model
underestimates Arctic sea ice loss by a factor of 2.5. The spatial pattern of
the model mean surface temperature trend during the last 30 years looks close
to the one for the ERA-Interim reanalysis. The model correctly estimates the
magnitude of stratospheric cooling.
Near-real-time environmental monitoring and large-volume data collection over slow communication links
Authors: Krassovski Misha B. , Lyon Glen E. , Riggs Jeffery S. , Hanson Paul J. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Climate change studies
are one of the most important aspects of modern science and related
experiments are getting bigger and more complex. One such experiment is the
Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE;
http://mnspruce.ornl.gov, last access: 16 October 2018) conducted in
northern Minnesota. The SPRUCE experimental mission is to assess
ecosystem-level biological responses of vulnerable, high-carbon terrestrial
ecosystems to a range of climate warming manipulations and an elevated
CO2 atmosphere. This manipulation experiment generates a lot of
observational data and requires a reliable on-site data collection system,
dependable methods to transfer data to a robust scientific facility, and
real-time monitoring capabilities. This publication shares our experience of
establishing a near-real-time data collection and monitoring system via a
satellite link using the not very well-known possibilities of PakBus
protocol.
Undergraduates’ Academic Performance, Self-Esteem and Perceived Social Support as Determinants of Perceived Stress
Authors: Keat Kenny Lau Wee , Chin Wong Siew , Seong Lim Chui 
Published: October 2018

The aim of current paper is to investigate the relationships between academic performance, self-esteem, perceived social support and perceived stress among the undergraduates in both Malaysian public and private universities. Research data is gathered from a sample of 144 of undergraduates from public and private universities in Malaysia. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) is employed to examine the influences of academic performance, self-esteem, perceived social support and perceived stress among the undergraduates. The results demonstrate that self-esteem and perceived social support are viewed as potential predictors of perceived stress among undergraduates. However, there is no significant relationship between academic performance and perceived stress. Future researchers are suggested to conduct similar researches in qualitative or experimental setting in order to minimize personal bias in a longitudinal design. Current paper provides new in-depth and practical implications to all parties to pay attention in efforts to improve undergraduate’s well-being and achievement in their tertiary education stage. This paper offers new insight into the predicting factors of perceived stress among undergraduates in Malaysian context.
Introduction: GENDER AND POLITICS IN AUTO/BIOGRAPHIES
Authors: Ribberink Anneke , Kinnunen Tiina , Niskanen Kirsti , Schaser Angelika 
Published: October 2018

Politicians all over Europe used to write about their lives, and keep doing so. Like other well-known persons they are “unusual biographical subjects”, because the biographical activity concerning their lives often starts while they are still alive. (Frank 1999). On the one hand, classical autobiographies written by politicians themselves (and their co-authors or ghost-writers) are published widely and are not only an important part of the memory politics and the construction of national history, but also a contribution to the stabilization of gender conceptions.(Depkat 2014, p .247-265; Ulbrich, Jancke and Bosch 2013, p. 5). Often the (auto)biographers intend to contribute to political and historical analyses. On the other hand, life writing has changed and diversified rapidly during the 20th century. The widespread desire for authenticity and truth seems to be enormous, so we can see a process of democratization, including a change of the concepts of private and public spheres. Nowadays everybody is entitled to present his or her life in public.(Ulbrich, Jancke and Bosch 2013, p.5). Life writing took place not only in hard copy, but in many different media, like radio, film, tv, blogs, facebook and other new social media. So it seems a good moment to look at the (auto)biographies and memoirs in the political area during the 20th and the beginning of the 21th century.
Neurogenic pulmonary edema
Authors: Sing Ronald F. , Sing Robert F. , Locke Charles F.S. 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
Neurogenic pulmonary edema is a potential complication of severe central nervous system insult. In the patient described, neurogenic pulmonary edema resulted from gunshot injuries to the head. Aggressive supportive care and intravenous administration of dopamine successfully resolved this pulmonary complication. Although such treatment is crucial in patients with possibly reversible central nervous system injury, the patient described had irreversible brain injury. The authors discuss current theories of the pathogenesis as well as diagnosis and treatment options.
Osteopathic medicine: A call for reform
Authors: Meyer Christopher T. , Price Albert 
Published: October 2018

Abstract
During the past 40 years, the osteopathic medical profession has undergone a transformation from "osteopathy" to "osteopathic medicine." The former was characterized by manipulative treatment; the latter, by full-service healthcare. During this transformation, the profession has won acceptance from the government, the military, and MDs. These changes in status have resulted in new problems for the profession because DO graduates are increasingly turning toward allopathic programs for residency training. Thus, osteopathic medicine's primary care orientation is being replaced by an emphasis on specialty training. The authors propose that osteopathic medicine return to its original mission of primary care, abandon or restrict specialty training to those who have completed primary care residencies, and rethink its separate-but-equal posture. They also propose that osteopathic medicine establish lines of communication with allopathic medicine, the American Medical Association, and the government to facilitate the development of a rational national policy for primary care that considers the potential osteopathic medicine has to offer in meeting the nation's primary care needs.
Molecular characterization of the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)beta-actingene promoter
Authors: Yan Junjun , Gao Qiang , Cui Zongbin , Yang Guoliang , Long Yong 
Published: October 2018

Constitutive promoters are important tools for gene function studies and transgenesis. TheBeta-actin(actb1) gene promoter has been isolated from many species but remains to be cloned from the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). In this study, we cloned and characterized theMractb1gene promoter. Two alternative promoters were identified for theMractb1gene, which direct the generation of two transcripts with different 5′ untranslated regions. Three CpG islands were predicted in the upstream sequence, which are intimately related to transcription initiation and promoter activity. In addition to the CCAAT-box and the CArG-box, molecular dissection of the flanking sequence revealed the existence of one negative and two positive elements in the upstream region and the first intron. Finally, theMractb1promoter demonstrated comparative activity to the carp (Cyprinus carpio)actb1promoter. Our investigations provide a valuable genetic tool for gene function studies and shed light on the regulation of theMractb1gene.
Creating functional groups of marine fish from categorical traits
Authors: Ladds Monique A. , Sibanda Nokuthaba , Arnold Richard , Dunn Matthew R. 
Published: October 2018

Background
Functional groups serve two important functions in ecology: they allow for simplification of ecosystem models and can aid in understanding diversity. Despite their important applications, there has not been a universally accepted method of how to define them. A common approach is to cluster species on a set of traits, validated through visual confirmation of resulting groups based primarily on expert opinion. The goal of this research is to determine a suitable procedure for creating and evaluating functional groups that arise from clustering nominal traits.

Methods
To do so, we produced a species by trait matrix of 22 traits from 116 fish species from Tasman Bay and Golden Bay, New Zealand. Data collected from photographs and published literature were predominantly nominal, and a small number of continuous traits were discretized. Some data were missing, so the benefit of imputing data was assessed using four approaches on data with known missing values. Hierarchical clustering is utilised to search for underlying data structure in the data that may represent functional groups. Within this clustering paradigm there are a number of distance matrices and linkage methods available, several combinations of which we test. The resulting clusters are evaluated using internal metrics developed specifically for nominal clustering. This revealed the choice of number of clusters, distance matrix and linkage method greatly affected the overall within- and between- cluster variability. We visualise the clustering in two dimensions and the stability of clusters is assessed through bootstrapping.

Results
Missing data imputation showed up to 90% accuracy using polytomous imputation, so was used to impute the real missing data. A division of the species information into three functional groups was the most separated, compact and stable result. Increasing the number of clusters increased the inconsistency of group membership, and selection of the appropriate distance matrix and linkage method improved the fit.

Discussion
We show that the commonly used methodologies used for the creation of functional groups are fraught with subjectivity, ultimately causing significant variation in the composition of resulting groups. Depending on the research goal dictates the appropriate strategy for selecting number of groups, distance matrix and clustering algorithm combination.
Ultrastrong and High‐Stroke Wireless Soft Actuators through Liquid–Gas Phase Change
Authors: Boyvat Mustafa , Vogt Daniel M. , Wood Robert J. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractSoft actuators and robots, which depart from classical paradigms in rigid robot construction, increase the safety of robot–human and robot–environment interactions, bring superior adaptation capabilities, and extend the range of robotic operations to fragile and sensitive objects and environments. Pneumatic soft actuators are a key building block for soft robotics due to their inherent simplicity, high forces, and large strokes. However, pressure lines connected to large pumps, regulators, and valves put significant mobility limitations on these actuators. Recently, it has been demonstrated that by using phase changes of liquids, pumps can be eliminated in favor of on‐board pressure generation. Here, it is shown that power and control of soft actuators can be realized through phase change of liquids stimulated by inductor‐capacitor resonant receivers placed in an external magnetic field. The method requires no pumps, no external fluidic or electrical wiring, and no batteries on‐board, leading to the possibility of small and low profile wireless soft actuators and robots which can operate for long durations. The phase change enables ultrahigh forces and high strokes with a small volume of active material. An ultralow profile, strong and soft pneumatic bellows‐style actuator powered and controlled wirelessly demonstrates the potential of this technique.