bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of chitosan functionalized polyamidoamine for the separation of trivalent lanthanides from acidic waste solution
Authors: Pahan S. , Panja S. , Banerjee D. , Dhami P. S. , Yadav J. S. , Kaushik C. P. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
The manuscript deals with the sorption of Am(III) and Eu(III) from pH medium using chitosan functionalized with dendrimer like polyamidoamine (PAMAM) polymers up to third generation. The PAMAM polymers were introduced into chitosan by two step processes and were characterized by various instrumental techniques like FTIR, XRD, TG-DTA. The sorption process was highly pH dependent for both Am(III) and Eu(III) with increasing trend for higher pH of the solution. Kinetics of equilibration was found to be fast with equilibrium attained in 10 min for both the metal ions. Pseudo 2nd order kinetics mechanism was found to be followed for both Am(III) and Eu(III). The sorption process of Eu(III) was found to fit the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum sorption capacity of 6.01 mg/g. There was no effect on the generation of PAMAM Dendron on the efficiency, kinetics or sorption capacity for Am(III) as well as Eu(III). The synthesized different generation of PAMAM functionalized chitosan is a promising material for removal of actinides and lanthanides from waste water solution.
Effect of Humeral Locking Plate System on Absorbed Energy in Breast Tissue with Different Radiological Energies Using MCNPX Code
Authors: Güçlü B. , Altunsoy E. E. , Manici T. , Tekin H. O. 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the radiation absorption effects of the humeral locking plate system on breast tissue in different radiological energy ranges using MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle Extended Transport Code System, version 2.6.0) general-purpose Monte Carlo code. In the present study, a novel MCNPX simulation setup has been generated considering the elemental mass fractions of investigated materials and biological structures. The validation of MCNPX simulation geometry used in this study has been provided by comparing the results with standard XCOM data for mass attenuation coefficients of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. A very good match between XCOM and MCNPX data has been achieved. Therefore, validated simulation input has been employed for further investigations of the present study. Our findings showed that the amount of absorbed energy that was measured in breast tissue with the humeral locking plate was higher than that without humeral locking plate for the same radiological energy value. Our results would be beneficial to use the present simulation technique and mass attenuation coefficients for radiation physics and medical applications, especially for assessments of breast cancer risk.
Measuring Vibration and Noise from a Magnetic Levitation Central Air-Conditioner
Authors: Tan Xinyu , Ma Meng , Cao Rongning 
Published: May 2019

Abstract
Mechanical vibrations and acoustic noise induced by air-conditioners are a widespread cause for concern. The magnetic levitation (maglev) central air-conditioner (CAC) system is a new type of air-conditioner system considered to be able to generate less vibration and noise. The performances of a maglev system and a regular CAC system, under normal operating conditions, were compared experimentally in the same room. For each CAC, the compressor vibrations and floor vibrations were measured and evaluated with reference to the guidelines of the Chinese National Standard GB/T 50355-2005, Standard of Limit and Measurement Method of Vibration in the Room of Residential Buildings. The indoor noise generated by each CAC system was also measured and compared. Results show that (1) in the frequency domain, the compressor vibrations of the maglev CAC are one to two orders of magnitude weaker than those of the regular CAC; (2) the dominant frequencies of the compressor of the maglev CAC are 125, 165, and 350 Hz, but there are no apparent characteristic frequencies for the regular CAC; and (3) the indoor acoustic noise generated by the maglev CAC is significantly weaker than that generated by the regular CAC, with A-weighted sound levels differing by 6.5 dB on average.
Postprandial levels of GLP-1, GIP and glucagon after 2 years of weight loss with a Paleolithic diet: a randomised controlled trial in healthy obese women
Authors: Otten Julia , Ryberg Mats , Mellberg Caroline , Andersson Tomas , Chorell Elin , Lindahl Bernt , Larsson Christel , Holst Jens Juul , Olsson Tommy 
Published: May 2019

Objective
To investigate how weight loss by different diets impacts postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon.

Methods
In this single-centre, parallel group 2-year trial, 70 healthy postmenopausal obese women were randomised to the Paleolithic diet or a healthy control diet based on Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Both diets were without calorie restriction. The primary outcome was the change in fat mass. Here, secondary analyses on GLP-1, GIP and glucagon measured during an OGTT are described.

Results
In the Paleolithic diet group, mean weight loss compared to baseline was 11% at 6 months and 10% at 24 months. In the control diet group, mean weight loss was 6% after 6 and 24 months (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.049 for the comparison between groups at 6 and 24 months respectively). Compared to baseline, the mean incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for GLP-1 increased by 34 and 45% after 6 and 24 months in the Paleolithic diet group and increased by 59% after 24 months in the control diet group. The mean iAUC for GIP increased only in the Paleolithic diet group. The area under the curve (AUC) for glucagon increased during the first 6 months in both groups. The fasting glucagon increase correlated with the β-hydroxybutyrate increase.

Conclusions
Weight loss caused an increase in postprandial GLP-1 levels and a further rise occurred during weight maintenance. Postprandial GIP levels increased only after the Paleolithic diet. Reduced postprandial glucagon suppression may be caused by a catabolic state.
Examining the Impact of Imputation Errors on Fine-Mapping Using DNA Methylation QTL as a Model Trait
Authors: Chundru V Kartik , Marioni Riccardo E , Prendergast James G D , Vallerga Costanza L , Lin Tian , Beveridge Allan J ,   SGPD Consortium, Gratten Jacob , Hume David A , Deary Ian J , Wray Naomi R , Visscher Peter M , McRae Allan F 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThis study highlights dangers in over-interpreting fine-mapping results. Chundru et al. show that genotype imputation accuracy has a large impact on fine-mapping accuracy. They used DNA methylation at CpG-sites with a variant...Genetic variants disrupting DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides (CpG-SNP) provide a set of known causal variants to serve as models to test fine-mapping methodology. We use 1716 CpG-SNPs to test three fine-mapping approaches (Bayesian imputation-based association mapping, Bayesian sparse linear mixed model, and the J-test), assessing the impact of imputation errors and the choice of reference panel by using both whole-genome sequence (WGS), and genotype array data on the same individuals (n = 1166). The choice of imputation reference panel had a strong effect on imputation accuracy, with the 1000 Genomes Project Phase 3 (1000G) reference panel (n = 2504 from 26 populations) giving a mean nonreference discordance rate between imputed and sequenced genotypes of 3.2% compared to 1.6% when using the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) reference panel (n = 32,470 Europeans). These imputation errors had an impact on whether the CpG-SNP was included in the 95% credible set, with a difference of ∼23% and ∼7% between the WGS and the 1000G and HRC imputed datasets, respectively. All of the fine-mapping methods failed to reach the expected 95% coverage of the CpG-SNP. This is attributed to secondary cis genetic effects that are unable to be statistically separated from the CpG-SNP, and through a masking mechanism where the effect of the methylation disrupting allele at the CpG-SNP is hidden by the effect of a nearby SNP that has strong linkage disequilibrium with the CpG-SNP. The reduced accuracy in fine-mapping a known causal variant in a low-level biological trait with imputed genetic data has implications for the study of higher-order complex traits and disease.
Hospital Course of Croup After Emergency Department Management
Authors: Asmundsson Anna Sofi , Arms Joseph , Kaila Rahul , Roback Mark G. , Theiler Carly , Davey Cynthia S. , Louie Jeffrey P. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
To describe inpatient management of patients with croup admitted from the emergency department (ED).

METHODS:
In a multicentered, cross-sectional observational study based on retrospective chart review, we identified children 6 months to 5 years of age with a discharge diagnosis of croup. All patients were evaluated in the ED and treated with at least 1 dose of racemic epinephrine (RE) before admission. Children with hypoxia or directly admitted to the PICU were excluded.

RESULTS:
We identified 628 admissions for croup. Significant interventions, defined as additional RE, helium-oxygen use, or PICU transfer, occurred in 142 patients (22.6%). A total of 137 children received additional RE on the inpatient ward, and 5 received RE and were transferred to the PICU. No patient was treated with helium-oxygen. A total 486 (77.4%) of patients did not receive significant interventions postadmission. Length of stay for children not requiring significant intervention was, on average, &lt;24 hours (18.8 hours [SD 9.3]; range 1.2–111 hours). Children with tachypnea (odds ratio = 2.5; P = .002) on arrival to ED and patients who had ED radiographs (odds ratio = 1.7; P = .018) had increased odds of receiving a significant intervention after admission.

CONCLUSIONS:
Less than one-quarter of children admitted to the general wards for croup received significant interventions after admission. Tachypnea in the ED and use of radiograph were associated with an increased use of significant interventions.
Safety and Efficacy of Buccal Dexmedetomidine for MRI Sedation in School-Aged Children
Authors: Boriosi Juan P. , Eickhoff Jens C. , Hollman Gregory A. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Intranasal, intramuscular, and intravenous (IV) dexmedetomidine routes have been used successfully for pediatric MRI studies. We designed this retrospective study to determine efficacy and safety of buccal dexmedetomidine for pediatric MRI sedation.

METHODS:
Medical records were reviewed of outpatient children ages 5 to 18 years who received buccal dexmedetomidine with or without oral midazolam for MRI sedation at a freestanding children’s hospital sedation program in 2015 and 2016.

RESULTS:
A total of 220 outpatient encounters received buccal dexmedetomidine for MRI. Mean age of the cohort was 10.1 ± 2.6 years (range: 5–18.7). Buccal dexmedetomidine dose administered was a mean of 2.20 ± 0.38 μg/kg (range: 0.88–3.19). Of the 220 sedation encounters, 179 (81.4%) patients had satisfactory sedation with buccal dexmedetomidine with or without oral midazolam: 84 had buccal dexmedetomidine as the sole sedative, 95 had satisfactory sedation when buccal dexmedetomidine and oral midazolam (mean: 0.33 ± 0.07 mg/kg; range: 0.21–0.53) were given together, 1 (0.4%) had satisfactory sedation when intranasal fentanyl and midazolam were administered in addition to buccal dexmedetomidine, and 35 (15.9%) required IV sedatives to achieve satisfactory sedation. All patients completed their MRI successfully except 5 (2.2%): 2 encounters were sedation failures, 2 IV sedations developed severe upper airway obstruction, and 1 IV sedation experienced MRI contrast anaphylaxis.

CONCLUSIONS:
In a selected population of pediatric patients, buccal dexmedetomidine with or without midazolam provides adequate sedation for most MRI studies with few adverse effects, but given a failure rate of almost 20%, modifications to buccal dexmedetomidine dosing should be investigated.
Identification of High-Yield Targets for Antimicrobial Stewardship Program Efforts Within a Nonfreestanding Children’s Hospital
Authors: Klatte J. Michael , Knee Alexander , Szczerba Frank , Horton Evan R. , Kopcza Kathleen , Fisher Donna J. 
Published: May 2019

OBJECTIVES:
Identify diagnoses with the highest likelihood of prompting antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) recommendations and lowest probability of recommendation acceptance, investigate the impact of provider years in practice on recommendation receipt and acceptance, and simultaneously assess the influence of patient and provider-level variables associated with recommendations within a nonfreestanding children’s hospital.

METHODS:
Retrospective cohort study of antibiotic courses reviewed by the ASP staff from December 1, 2014 to November 30, 2016. Poisson regression was used to detect associations between diagnoses, provider years in practice, and the probability of recommendation receipt and acceptance. Multivariable logistic regression was used to simultaneously examine the influence of patient and provider-level characteristics on recommendation probability.

RESULTS:
A total of 938 inpatient encounters and 1170 antibiotic courses were included. Diagnoses were associated with provider receipt (P &lt; .001) and acceptance (P &lt; .001) of recommendations, with ear, nose, and throat and/or sinopulmonary diagnoses most likely to prompt recommendations (56%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 48–64) and recommendations for neonatal and/or infant diagnoses accepted least often (67%; 95% CI, 58–76). No associations were initially found between provider experience and recommendation receipt or acceptance, although multivariable analysis revealed a trend between increasing years in practice and recommendation likelihood (P = .001). Vancomycin usage (64%; 95% CI, 56–72) and ear, nose, and throat and/or sinopulmonary diagnoses (56%; 95% CI, 47–65) had the highest probability of a recommendation. Sensitivity analyses revealed that use of diagnosis-related clinical practice guidelines decreased recommendations and increased acceptance rates, especially for the surgery diagnosis category.

CONCLUSIONS:
High-yield targets for ASP activities at our nonfreestanding children’s hospital were identified. Clinical practice guidelines have the potential to decrease ASP workload, and their development should be particularly encouraged for ASPs with limited resources.
Using NHSN’s Antimicrobial Use Option to Monitor and Improve Antibiotic Stewardship in Neonates
Authors: O’Leary Erin N. , van Santen Katharina L. , Edwards Erika M. , Braun David , Buus-Frank Madge E. , Edwards Jonathan R. , Guzman-Cottrill Judith A. , Horbar Jeffrey D. , Lee Grace M. , Neuhauser Melinda M. , Roberts Jessica , Schulman Joseph , Septimus Edward , Soll Roger F. , Srinivasan Arjun , Webb Amy K. , Pollock Daniel A. 
Published: May 2019

BACKGROUND:
The Antimicrobial Use (AU) Option of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) is a surveillance resource that can provide actionable data for antibiotic stewardship programs. Such data are used to enable measurements of AU across hospitals and before, during, and after stewardship interventions.

METHODS:
We used monthly AU data and annual facility survey data submitted to the NHSN to describe hospitals and neonatal patient care locations reporting to the AU Option in 2017, examine frequencies of most commonly reported agents, and analyze variability in AU rates across hospitals and levels of care. We used results from these analyses in a collaborative project with Vermont Oxford Network to develop neonatal-specific Standardized Antimicrobial Administration Ratio (SAAR) agent categories and neonatal-specific NHSN Annual Hospital Survey questions.

RESULTS:
As of April 1, 2018, 351 US hospitals had submitted data to the AU Option from at least 1 neonatal unit. In 2017, ampicillin and gentamicin were the most frequently reported antimicrobial agents. On average, total rates of AU were highest in level III NICUs, followed by special care nurseries, level II-III NICUs, and well newborn nurseries. Seven antimicrobial categories for neonatal SAARs were created, and 6 annual hospital survey questions were developed.

CONCLUSIONS:
A small but growing percentage of US hospitals have submitted AU data from neonatal patient care locations to NHSN, enabling the use of AU data aggregated by NHSN as benchmarks for neonatal antimicrobial stewardship programs and further development of the SAAR summary measure for neonatal AU.
Early mobilisation of patients in the acute hospital setting following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage – A survey of current physiotherapy practice
Authors: Hernandez Sabrina , Thomas Peter , Udy Andrew , Hodgson Carol 
Published: May 2019

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage is a catastrophic form of stroke. There is very limited literature to guide physiotherapists on the type and timing of mobility interventions that should be provided during the acute phase. The aim of this study was to determine the current practices of physiotherapists in early mobilisation of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. A purposedesigned electronic survey was distributed to 71 physiotherapists in hospitals that specialise in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage throughout Australia and New Zealand. A response rate of 80% was obtained (n = 57). Prior to the aneurysm being repaired, the most common practice reported by physiotherapists was not to mobilise patients (41%). Once the aneurysm was repaired, mobility goals increased with > 80% of physiotherapists reporting goals of sitting on the edge of the bed or step transferring to a chair day one post repair. Physiotherapists reported that vasospasm, delayed cerebral ischaemia, recent further bleed, hypotension or the use of high level of noradrenaline would prevent them from mobilising patients. Only four respondents reported that they had a mobilisation protocol for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients at their hospital. Further research is required into the safety, timing and efficacy of early mobilisation practices in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage patients.
(En)Countering a White Racial Frame at a Predominantly White Institution: The Case of The African American Student Network
Authors: Grier-Reed Tabitha , Gagner Noah , Ajayi Alex 
Published: May 2019

The White racial frame (WRF) is a set of cultural narratives and symbols based in White supremacy and anti-blackness that shape perceptions, ideologies, and emotions in U.S. society. The WRF also shapes individual experiences. Our research team explored how the WRF shaped experiences of Black college students. Adapting consensual qualitative research methods, we analyzed notes from discussions including 752 students participating in the African American Student Network (AFAM) over a twelve-year period. AFAM students encountered the WRF via inferior treatment and internalized racism including colorism, self-hate, and low expectations by educators and others. Colorism seemed especially relevant for women; encountering stereotypes of criminality seemed more prevalent for men. Students countered the WRF by finding safe/communal spaces, re-defining Blackness, re-examining Whiteness, and challenging stereotypes and racist epithets. (En)countering the WRF involved significant cognitive and emotional labor, and counterspaces that affirmed students’ racial and cultural identities were essential for engaging in this work.
El Arte de la Guerra ¿un Océano Rojo en el Direccionamiento estratégico empresarial?
Authors: Mendoza Vega Lilia 
Published: May 2019

Para el equipo editorial es de mucha complacencia presentar en la presente edición una compilación de 10 artículos que han sido rigurosamente seleccionados, de los cuáles el 50% corresponde a resultados de investigación, un 30% a artículos de reflexión y un 20% corresponde a artículos de revisión. Las temáticas giran en torno a la productividad y a la competitividad tanto de carácter nacional como internacional. Sólo el 30% de los artículos son de autoría de docentes investigadores de la Universidad Libre, Seccional Barranquilla, en tanto que el otro 70% está constituido por autores nacionales e internacionales, lo cual permite ofrecer a nuestros lectores una mirada global de las temáticas empresariales.
An assessment of the nutritional status of students in governmental primary schools in U.A.Q.
Authors: Zackaria Shaza Shaaban , Mohammed Hiba Rabie 
Published: May 2019

Aim: To provide a summary of the recent data on the nutritional status of school-aged children in developing countries and countries in transition and identify issues of public health concern. An assessment of the nutritional status of students in governmental primary schools in U.A.Q.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from 2016 to 2017 on the nutrition status of Grade 1 school children in Government primary schools. The data was collected from questionnaires that were distributed routinely.Results: A total of 317 students from 7 different primary public schools in UAQ, with an age range from 5-7 years. Students with Chronic diseases, congenital anomalies, and hereditary diseases were excluded. The available data indicate that the nutritional status of the students in the reviewed schools is adequate. Where it has shown that mean body mass index (BMI) was 15.2. Underweight, Overweight obesity was not prominent with a percentage of 12% and 10 % respectively. As for anemia, only 7% were diagnosed biochemically. With the mean hemoglobin of 12.1 mg/dl overall. Conclusions. The available data indicate that malnutrition is not a health issue in primary students in UAQ primary public schools. These findings emphasize the impact of the school health program on primary students.
Intuitive Eating and Weight Restrictive Practices among Dietitians in Kuwait
Authors: Alkazemi Dalal , Saleh Asma , Shaban Lemia , Al-Hilal Maryam 
Published: May 2019

Background Dietitians are healthcare team members responsible for counseling patients with weight concerns. Both traditional/restrictive and intuitive eating/nonrestrictive practices are used with clients seeking weight loss. However, little is known about the weight management practices used with clients by dietitians in Kuwait, which are often related to the dietitians’ knowledge, attitudes, and work experience. Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes regarding intuitive eating among dietitians dealing with clients for weight management in Kuwait and describe their use of restrictive versus nonrestrictive dietary practices. Method This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. A self-administered survey was distributed among dietitians working with clients for weight management in public and private clinics. Results In total, 163 participants completed the survey. Most dietitians (81.6%) had not heard of intuitive eating as an independent approach to weight loss and scored low on knowledge of intuitive eating; however, many demonstrated positive attitudes towards intuitive eating (68%). Moreover, dietitians in Kuwait used both restrictive/traditional (69.31%) and nonrestrictive/intuitive eating (79.82%) weight management approaches to counsel clients. Total knowledge was positively correlated with use of nonrestrictive/intuitive eating (r=.259, p=.003) and traditional/restrictive practices (r=.227, p=.009). Years of experience was not related to either practice style. Conclusions Dietitians are combining both restrictive and nonrestrictive approaches for weight management with clients, and their practices are related to knowledge. These findings underscore the importance of continuous education for dietitians working in all sectors in Kuwait.