bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defects in MOFs for Photocatalytic Water Reduction to Hydrogen Generation: From Fundamental Understanding to State‐of‐Art Materials
Authors: Sk Saddam , Islam Hafijul , Abraham B. Moses , Mondal Indranil , Pal Ujjwal 
Published: November 2024

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly studied for solar H2 production from H2O due to their abundant active sites and open pore channels. Titanium (Ti) and Zirconium (Zr) MOFs are particularly noted for their stability and optoelectronic properties, resembling conventional metal oxide semiconductors. These MOFs allow molecular‐level tuning to alter optoelectronic properties, creating opportunities to enhance catalytic activity. Introducing defects in the MOF's structure is a versatile strategy for modifying molecular topology, morphology, and optical and electronic properties. This review compiles essential methods for synthesizing defect‐oriented MOFs, discussing characterization techniques and their structural and electronic modifications to boost catalytic activity. It also highlights the connection between photocatalytic H2 production and MOF properties, exploring strategies to address current limitations using defective Ti and Zr‐based MOFs. Additionally, the role of machine learning (ML) in predicting MOF properties for faster material discovery and optimization is emphasized. This review aims to identify challenges and propose ideas for designing future defect‐oriented MOF photocatalysts.
Unraveling enigmatic disjunctions: Population genetic analysis points to independent origins of rare rhododendrons in the Rhododendron keiskei complex (Ericaceae)
Authors: Sakaguchi Shota , Choi Hee‐Joo , Yoichi Watanabe , Takahashi Daiki , Hirota Shun K. , Maki Masayuki , Murakami Shoki , Harada Taichi , Kobayashi Nobuo , Kurashige Yuji , Song Jun‐Ho , Choi Hyeok‐Jae , Kim Seung‐Chul 
Published: November 2024

AbstractUnraveling species boundaries is pivotal for evolutionary biology and conservation endeavors. However, it proves challenging in instances where recent speciation is intertwined with complex demographic histories and natural selection processes. The Rhododendron keiskei complex, an evergreen rhododendron distributed in East Asia, consists of a widespread variety (R. keiskei var. keiskei) and a more restricted R. keiskei var. hypoglaucum. Intriguingly, the latter is exceptionally rare yet displays a disjunction that spans approximately 1100 km. This study aimed to elucidate the evolutionary backgrounds of the enigmatic disjunctions of R. keiskei var. hypoglaucum and to propose species delimitation within the species complex. An integrative approach, combining genomic data (MIG‐seq and GBS‐derived SNPs) with Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis of leaf microstructures was adopted in this study. Phylogenetic analyses revealed significant divergence among the studied rhododendrons. Genetic demographic analyses favored the population models that assumed non‐monophyly of two disjunct populations of R. keiskei var. hypoglaucum indicating their independent origins. Recent gene flow between the widespread R. keiskei var. keiskei and “var. hypoglaucum” populations were limited due to geographic and habitat isolation factors, even in areas where their distributions overlap. Detailed morphological assessments detected distinctions between morphologically similar “var. hypoglaucum” populations based on leaf microstructures and flowering habits. Our study has shown that the apparent disjunctions of rare rhododendrons are more likely attributed to morphological convergence, possibly due to similar environmental selections in unrelated taxa. The finding highlights the importance of an integrative approach for resolving taxonomic challenges in plant species complexes.
The state of the art on tricostate mosses, with description of a new species of Tricostaceae
Authors: Valois Marc , Blanco‐Moreno Candela , Bippus Alexander C. , Stockey Ruth A. , Rothwell Gar W. , Tomescu Alexandru M.F. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractA new fossil species in the moss family Tricostaceae, Tricosta angeiophoros sp. nov. (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian, ca. 136 Ma), possesses characters (stem and costa conducting strands) that prompt revision of the familial and generic diagnoses. In turn, discovery of this new species motivates a broader re‐examination of the relationships of tricostate mosses and the significance of the tricostate condition, which we undertake here. Tricostate mosses are an entirely extinct group known exclusively from gametophytes possessing leaves with unique morphology, characterized by a central costa and two symmetric lateral costae that originate separately at the leaf base. The stratigraphic range of tricostate mosses spans the Mesozoic and they are known from eastern Asia and western North America. The group now includes seven species: four species included in the two genera of the family Tricostaceae and three species included in the genus Tricostium. Whereas the Tricostaceae are unequivocally a hypnanaean family, likely belonging to the order Hypnales, the affinities of Tricostium remain obscure, due to a lack of family‐level diagnostic characters. Morphological characters available in the fossils are insufficient for distinguishing Tricostium from the Tricostaceae unequivocally. Uncertainty about the relationships among tricostate mosses and their position in the broader moss systematics leaves unanswered the question of whether tricostate leaves, which are known only in these extinct mosses, have a single origin or have evolved convergently in different groups. The answer to this question also bears on the role of adaptive change in the evolution of tricostate leaves. Taken together, the habitats inferred for tricostate mosses and those that favor their closest living analogs suggest that tricostate leaves may have evolved in response to the selective pressures of variable rheophytic conditions, to minimize leaf damage due to friction and to desiccation‐induced shrinkage. Aside from the evolutionary origins of the tricostate condition and independent tests for the hypothesized drivers of tricostate leaf evolution, another major unanswered question concerns the causes and timing of the post‐Cretaceous extinction of tricostate mosses. The fossil record is likely to provide answers to many of the questions concerning the tricostate condition as additional tricostate mosses are currently under study and fossiliferous strata with good potential for preserving bryophyte fossils have been identified and will be targeted by future studies.
Development of a Voice Information Presentation Guidance System (VIPGS) Using Coanda‐Drone‐V2
Authors: Zhao Zejing , Mineshita Hiroki , Lim Hun‐ok 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIn this study, an aerial tour guide drone was developed based on the existing Coanda‐drone. The research integrated a Voice Information Presentation System with ROS2 using the open‐source PX4 flight control system to update the drone's control module. This system can recognize and read QR codes on displayed items and convert the text information from QR codes into speech for playback. It also utilizes left and right laser sensors for obstacle avoidance. Furthermore, the study conducted both simulation experiments and actual flight tests to validate the feasibility of equipping the Coanda‐drone with the voice information presentation system and to assess the flight capabilities of the Coanda‐drone. This system offers a novel solution for guidance and obstacle avoidance, demonstrating the potential of drones as flexible, highly secure, and efficient mobile service robots in the future. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Measuring supply chain resilience for informed resilience strategy investment
Authors: Femano Amanda L. , Breitbach Timothy 
Published: November 2024

AbstractExisting supply chain resilience (SCR) research lacks a clear, holistic method to quantify resilience. This paper provides an improved SCR metric while exploring the inherent tradeoff between investments in inventory and production capacity to yield the most resilient supply chain network given budget constraints. Discrete event simulation is used to develop a generalizable metric to provide insight into how supply chain design and investment determine a network's response to a disruption. The developed resilience capability metric (RCM), utilizing area under the curve, measures the cumulative performance level of the system from disruption to a predetermined endpoint, representing how much of the system demand can be served by different network designs. Results indicate inventory and production have different effects on how a system behaves postdisruption, but that the two SCR investments should not be viewed independently since optimal performance is connected to coordinated adjustments to both. Additionally, the use of the RCM shows that a key factor in a supply chain's resilience is the speed of the response. By measuring the cumulative performance over the total event, RCM provides managers with the ability to truly compare different SCR investments to see which has the greatest impact on overall resilience.
Toxicological Effects of Sewage Sludge on Biochemical Biomarkers of Earthworms (Eisenia andrei)
Authors: Clasen Barbara , Finken Emerson Saueressig , Bisognin Ramiro Pereira , Storck Tamiris Rosso , Vasconcelos Marlon de Castro , Back Patrícia Inês Kemper , Gabriel Guilherme Eduardo Mörschbacher , Kerkhoff Jéssica Tais , Dezorzi Gabriela Dias , Zanella Renato , Prestes Osmar Damian 
Published: November 2024

ABSTRACTSewage sludge, or biosolids, produced in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) can be used as an alternative to organic fertilizer in the agricultural field. However, it holds a large amount of anthropogenic chemicals, such as drugs and metals. The aim of the present study is to evaluate biochemical biomarker responses in earthworms (Eisenia andrei) exposed to soil presenting different sludge concentrations deriving from the largest WWTP in Southern Brazil. Treatments comprised 3%, 6%, 12%, 24%, 50%, and 75% of sludge incorporated to native forest soil, 100% of sludge and the control group (0%). Concentrations of different drugs, mainly of antibiotics, as well as high sulfur, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and phosphorus were identified in analyzed sewage sludge. Exposed earthworms were collected on the 7th, 14th, and 28th day of the experiment and subjected to analysis of lipid peroxidation levels (TBARS), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) activity. Treatments with 50%, 75%, and 100% of sludge were lethal to earthworms after 7 days. Based on biochemical tests performed in treatments with 3%, 6%, 12%, and 24% of sludge, the highest sludge concentrations (12% and 24%) and the longest exposure time (28 days) led to significant changes in biomarkers. Therefore, sewage sludge must be incorporated into the soil at concentrations lower than 3%, mainly due to changes in CAT, AChE, GST, and the resulting lipid damage observed at concentrations of 6%, 12%, and 24%.
Training the trainers: The work of student affairs professionals in leadership training
Authors: Edwards Sarah R. , Taylor Joshua K. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractAlthough universities often expect student affairs staff to possess advanced leadership skills, many have not undergone formal training as leadership educators, which often leads to inconsistent outcomes in leadership development programs. Drawing on best practices in facilitating leadership learning —including the use of multiple pedagogies, critical reflection, and the avoidance of superficial or unstructured facilitation—we argue leadership educators require specialized training to effectively facilitate leadership trainings. Moreover, institutions have underinvested in the professional development of leadership educators, despite the significant role they play in shaping student leadership competencies. Through targeted investments in professional development, universities can better equip their leadership educators, thereby ensuring more effective mentorship and impactful leadership experiences for students. This article calls for a paradigm shift in leadership education, advocating for a strategic commitment to developing educators who can fulfill the promise of training the next generation of leaders.
The role of identity exploration in student leadership training
Authors: Vaughn Laura , Owen Julie E. , Daniels Michael , Beatty Cameron C. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractIdentity exploration is a pivotal component in shaping effective student leadership trainers. This article examines identity exploration in student leadership training, highlighting the role of self‐awareness, reflection on positionality, and the intricate interplay of power and privilege within identity development. By delving into the nuances of identity, trainers can not only enhance their own understanding but also foster inclusive and empowering environments for emerging student leaders. We conclude with examples of programmatic and assessment praxis.
Navigating resistance in leadership training
Authors: Wiborg Erica R. , Manning‐Ouellette Amber , Rocco Melissa L. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article offers an introduction to leadership training contexts, what resistance is, how resistance can show up in leadership training contexts, stories of resistance in leadership, and what practices might address resistance in these training contexts. Resistance can be described as a critically conscious act, whether verbal, cognitive, or physical, in which the act is in opposition to either someone or something. It is essential to understand the context in which the resistance is happening, as well as what is being resisted and who is involved in the act of resistance.
Seven strategies to consistently facilitate high‐impact trainings
Authors: Kroll Jonathan R. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis article is a practical resource for leadership educators who facilitate training experiences. Written as an invitation to tactically strategize and tangibly plan for your next training, the seven strategies have been proven to transform boring, lecture‐style, information dump, and slide deck trainings into high‐engagement, high‐enjoyment, and most importantly, high‐impact trainings. The result, when using these seven strategies consistently, is the potential for a total transformation in the leadership learning and development of your students. They will optimize their experience during the training by better accessing the training message, internalizing learning through hands‐on and immersive experiences, reflection, and dialogue, and then applying their learning to practice—where it matters most.
Irreversibility analysis of cross‐flow in Eyring–Powell nanofluid over a permeable deformable sheet with Lorentz forces
Authors: Khan Umair , Obalalu Adebowale Martins , Zaib Aurang , Ishak Anuar , Hussain Syed Modassir , Madhukesh Javali Kotresh , Seddek Laila F. , Abed Ahmed M. 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThe objective of this research is to explore the potential of utilizing renewable energy ships (RES) as a sustainable alternative and reducing the need for marine diesel oil (MDO) within the shipping industry. The current work concentrates on increasing the thermal performance in RES via the utilization of nanofluids (NFs) that contain a mixture of the base water fluid and single titania or titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, the implementation of the entropy generation (EG) minimization and Eyring–Powell fluid model in parabolic trough solar collectors with Lorentz forces is employed for RES. Moreover, the results indicate that the skin friction coefficient (SFC) and local Nusselt number (LNN) supplements resulted in an increase of approximately 1.02% and 0.04% for the stable solutions (SBES), which can be attributed to the greater concentration of the titania NPs. Meanwhile, for the case of unstable solutions (USBES), the enhancement was observed up to 1.38% and 0.31%, respectively. Also, the solar radiation parameter played an important role in enhancing the LNN, resulting in an increase of approximately 5.8% and 4.35% for SBES and USBES, respectively. This article provides vital contributions to the sector of sustainable transportation by giving valuable information on the construction and improvement of thermal solar energy technologies.
An Introduction to Nonreligious Asylum Seekers
Authors: Laws Ben 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis book examines the challenges of nonreligious asylum seekers, based on two years of fieldwork in Sweden, The Netherlands, and Norway. It highlights the unique difficulties they face, such as being incorrectly assimilated with religious converts, evidencing their non-belief, and the stereotypes that undermine their claims. Despite international human rights protections, nonreligious individuals often struggle within asylum systems due to biases and inadequate guidelines. The study provides detailed case portraits and analyses institutional processes, offering insights into the emotional toll on nonreligious claimants. It concludes with a discussion of recent policy developments and the role of NGOs in supporting nonreligious refugees.
Evidence-Hearing and Evidence-Making
Authors: Laws Ben 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores how cultural assumptions and Northern European preferences impact the assessment process for nonreligious asylum seekers. It highlights the challenges in articulating non-belief in a system that favours linear, logical narratives. The chapter contrasts the formal language of assessment institutions with the realities faced by claimants, revealing the transformation of evidence-hearing into evidence-making, and the inherent biases within this process. By examining specific case studies and testimonies, it sheds light on the procedural and interpretative obstacles that nonreligious individuals face.
Emotions
Authors: Laws Ben 
Published: November 2024

AbstractChapter 5 examines the affective dimensions of the asylum process, considering the emotional challenges faced by assessors, the emotions expected of and felt by asylum seekers, and the institutional framing of emotions. It discusses how the demand for substantively demonstrating belief leads to extreme actions by nonreligious claimants in creating evidence to support their cases. The chapter emphasises the pressures and emotional environment surrounding asylum decisions. By analysing the emotional landscapes navigated by all parties involved, it highlights the need for more empathetic and psychologically informed approaches within the asylum adjudication system.
Metallic 2D and 3D re-entrant honeycomb auxetics produced by WAAM
Authors: Andrade David , Zhu Carlos , Miranda Hélio , Rodrigues Dulce 
Published: November 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the main challenges in manufacturing large-scale metallic auxetic structures, characterised by a negative Poisson’s ratio, focusing on achieving suitable geometry control, surface finish, and structural integrity using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Specifically, the research employs the Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) process to fabricate 2D and 3D carbon steel auxetic cells. The primary objective is to address the challenges associated with the production of these structures. A comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis was conducted to investigate the influence of various factors, such as internal defects or geometric irregularities, such as pores and surface waviness, on the mechanical behaviour of the 2D and 3D auxetic cells under tensile and compressive loads, respectively. The compression tests revealed that despite minor defects and geometric imperfections, the manufactured cells consistently exhibit a negative Poisson’s ratio. This suggests that the WAAM-produced auxetic structures are viable and capable of maintaining their unique mechanical properties. Furthermore, the study emphasises the significance of parameters such as orientation and the number of auxetic cells in governing the overall auxetic behaviour of the components.
Cycle slip detection and repair method towards multi-frequency BDS-3/INS tightly coupled integration in kinematic surveying
Authors: Xiao Kai , Zhu Xiangwei , Zhang Lundong , Sun Fuping , Zhou Peiyuan , Li Wanli 
Published: November 2024

AbstractCarrier phase integer ambiguities must be determined for BDS-3/inertial navigation system (INS) tightly coupled (TC) integration to achieve centimetre-level positioning accuracy. However, cycle slip breaks the consistency of the integer ambiguities. Conventional multi-frequency cycle slip methods use the pseudorange; thus, requiring improvement when applied to kinematic situations. Furthermore, a concise and nonprior information-dependent model is crucial for real-time processing. In this study, an inertial-aided BDS-3 cycle slip detection and repair (I-CDR) method was developed. First, a BDS-3/INS TC model with I-CDR was created. The ionospheric delays were modelled as part of the TC states; therefore, they could be estimated and eliminated. Investigations were conducted on the effects of carrier phase noise, residual ionosphere delay, and INS-predicted position error on combined cycle slip detection (CCD) accuracy. The optimal CCDs under various frequency available configurations were determined. The effectiveness of I-CDR was demonstrated using land vehicle test data. The false alarm ratio was less than 1.0%, and the missed detection ratio was almost zero even in situations with challenging abundant 1-cycle slips in random epochs. Furthermore, the right determination ratio reached 100%. In addition, BDS-3 signal loss-recovery cases were simulated, and all cycle slips for all satellites could be repaired within 40s. I-CDR exhibits outstanding cycle slip detection and repair performance for dense 1-cycle slip and signal loss-recovery cases, demonstrating its suitability for BDS-3/INS TC integration.