bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The metal complexes of new Schiff bases containing phosphonate groups and catalytic properties for alkane oxidation
Authors: Dolaz Mustafa , Kose Muhammet 
Published: May 2019

In this study, two new salicylidene phosphonate ligands (HL1 and HL2) and their metal complexes (Cu2+, VO2+ and La3+) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. The molecular structure of the ligand HL1 was determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study. In the structure of the ligand, there is an intramolecular phenol‐imine hydrogen bond. The synthesized compounds exhibit only one emission maximum upon excitation at 270–295  nm range. Complexation of the Schiff base ligands with metal ions did not cause a considerable quenching effect. Finally, the complexes prepared were used as catalysts in cyclohexane oxidation under microwave irradiation. The complexes showed high conversion rates (> 90%) for cyclohexane oxidation; however, poor selectivity was observed for all complexes. The La3+ complexes showed better selectivity for cyclohexane → cyclohexanol transformation with about 45% selectivity.
Historical background to maternal‐neonate separation and neonatal care
Authors: Bergman Nils J. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractMaternal‐neonate separation after birth is standard practice in the modern obstetric care. This is however a relatively new phenomenon, and its origins are described. Around 1890, two obstetricians in France expanded on a newly invented egg hatchery as a method of caring for preterm newborns. Mothers provided basic care, until incubators became part of commercial exhibitions that excluded them. After some 40 years hospitals accepted incubators, and adopted the strict separation of mothers from babies observed at the exhibitions. The introduction of artificial infant formula made the separation practical, and this also became normal practice rather than breastfeeding. Incubators and formula were unquestioned standard practices before randomized controlled trials were introduced, and therefore never subjected to such trials. The introduction of Kangaroo Care began 40 years ago in Colombia, now as a novel intervention. Recent trials do in fact show that maternal‐neonate separation is detrimental to mothers and babies. Recent scientific discoveries such as the microbiome, epigenetics, and neuroimaging provide the scientific explanations that have not been available before, suggesting that skin‐to‐skin contact and breastfeeding are defining for the basic reproductive biology of human beings.
Comparison of PD‐L1 detection assays and corresponding significance in evaluation of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Huang Sixia , Nong Lin , Liang Li , Zheng Yalin , Wang Wei , Liu Jumei , Li Dong , Li Xin , Wang Ying , Zhang Bo , Li Ting 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) is a biomarker for immunotherapy, but approved detection method is absent in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we performed three methods including immunohistochemistry (IHC) (clone SP263 and SP142), RNAscope, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to evaluate PD‐L1 status on a cohort of DLBCL including 94 of DLBCL‐NOS, 25 of primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma (PMBCL) and 7 of double‐hit lymphoma (DHL). SP263 with 25% for immune cell (IC) or combined cell and SP142 with 10% for tumor cell (TC), 20% for both of IC and combined cell were proved to have corresponding survival prognostic. Combined+ showed comparable prognostic value with TC+ and IC+. SP263 and SP142 showed strong concordance (k = 0.788) with combined+ rates of 33.3% (42/126) and 34.9% (44/126), respectively. In DLBCL‐NOS, TC+ by SP263 preferred to non‐GCB and immunoblastic variant DLBCL‐NOS (P = 0.029 and P = 0.004). Combined+ (SP263 and SP142) were associated with more than one extranodal site involved (P = 0.006, P = 0.042), higher ECOG PS scores (P = 0.001, P < 0.001), high IPI risk (P = 0.012, P = 0.005), and poor treatment response (P = 0.095, P = 0.002). IC+ by SP263 and SP142 were both independent risk factors (P = 0.027, P = 0.037). 9p24.1 locus amplification and gain were identified in 4.3% and 7.6% DLBCL‐NOS and indicated shorter overall survival (P = 0.004). Positive rate of PD‐L1 by RNAscope was 36.5%, while no clinical significance shown. PD‐L1 positive rates were all higher in PMBCL and DHL than in DLBCL‐NOS by SP263, SP142, RNAscope, and FISH (P = 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). In conclusion, combined PD‐L1 expression by IHC was potentially reliable and convenient as a predicting biomarker. SP263 staining was easier to evaluate and recognized more PD‐L1‐stained cells, but SP142 presented a better prognostic indicator. FISH and RNAscope could be used as supplementary assays. PMBCL itself was a sensitive cohort for immunotherapy.
Mass Transport in Porous Electrodes Studied by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Example of Nanoporous Gold
Authors: Haensch Mareike , Balboa Luis , Graf Matthias , Silva Olaya Alex Ricardo , Weissmüller Jörg , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: May 2019

AbstractScanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) approach curves were measured above different samples of nanoporous gold (NPG) using ascorbic acid as an irreversible redox mediator. Under these circumstances, the microelectrode current is informative in terms of the diffusive mass transport inside the network of pores in the sample, because mediator regeneration at NPG is not possible for an irreversible mediator. The reaction–transport problem was solved by finite element simulation for a wide variety of working distances, film thicknesses, and microelectrode geometries. The Bruggeman equation was used to relate transport properties and porosity. The simulation leads to an analytical expression that allows the determination of porosity values corrected by the tortuosity of insulating and conducting materials. The validity of the approach was demonstrated by applying it to NPG samples for which structural parameters can be varied by the particular dealloying protocol. This procedure is potentially applicable for following coarsening processes in porous electrodes and other materials, because the SECM procedure avoids emersion from electrolyte solution for those determinations.
Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐Bis(hydroxymethyl)furan on Ag‐Displaced Nanotextured Cu Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Lu , Zhang Fen , Michel Frederick C. , Co Anne C. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe hydrogenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important bio‐based platform chemical, to 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), a promising building block for polymers, is conventionally conducted at high pressures of H2 in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts. Recently, electrochemical hydrogenation has emerged as a promising process for BHMF production; however, one challenge of this process is to improve the catalytic activity of the electrocatalyst. In this study, a series of AgCu electrocatalysts was prepared by galvanic displacement of Ag on nanotextured Cu particles. A comprehensive characterization of the catalysts was carried out and the effects of electrolysis potential, reaction time, and HMF concentration were investigated. The concentration of AgNO3 solution in which Cu was displaced was found to be a key factor to control the catalyst surface morphology, and the optimal catalyst was shown to have high catalytic activity and excellent stability for the electrochemical hydrogenation of HMF to BHMF.
Universal endometrial cancer tumor typing: How much has immunohistochemistry, microsatellite instability, and MLH1 methylation improved the diagnosis of Lynch syndrome across the population?
Authors: Kahn Ryan M. , Gordhandas Sushmita , Maddy Brandon Paul , Baltich Nelson Becky , Askin Gulce , Christos Paul J. , Caputo Thomas A. , Chapman‐Davis Eloise , Holcomb Kevin , Frey Melissa K. 
Published: May 2019

BackgroundUniversal tumor testing for defective DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is recommended for all women diagnosed with endometrial cancer to identify those with underlying Lynch syndrome. However, the effectiveness of these screening methods in identifying individuals with Lynch syndrome across the population has not been well studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of MMR immunohistochemistry (IHC), mutL homolog 1 (MLH1) methylation, and microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis among patients with endometrial cancer.MethodsA complete systematic search of online databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Library) for 1990‐2018 was performed. A DerSimonian‐Laird random effects model meta‐analysis was used to estimate the weighted prevalence of Lynch syndrome diagnoses.ResultsThe comprehensive search produced 4400 publications. Twenty‐nine peer‐reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. Patients with endometrial cancer (n = 6649) were identified, and 206 (3%) were confirmed to have Lynch syndrome through germline genetic testing after positive universal tumor molecular screening. Among 5917 patients who underwent tumor IHC, 28% had abnormal staining. Among 3140 patients who underwent MSI analysis, 31% had MSI. Among patients with endometrial cancer, the weighted prevalence of Lynch syndrome germline mutations was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11%‐18%) with deficient IHC staining and 19% (95% CI, 13%‐26%) with a positive MSI analysis. Among 1159 patients who exhibited a loss of MLH1 staining, 143 (13.7%) were found to be MLH1 methylation–negative among those who underwent methylation testing, and 32 demonstrated a germline MLH1 mutation (2.8% of all absent MLH1 staining cases and 22.4% of all MLH1 methylation–negative cases). Forty‐three percent of patients with endometrial cancer who were diagnosed with Lynch syndrome via tumor typing would have been missed by family history–based screening alone.ConclusionsDespite the widespread implementation of universal tumor testing in endometrial cancer, data regarding testing results remain limited. This study provides predictive values that will help practitioners to evaluate abnormal results in the context of Lynch syndrome and aid them in patient counseling.
Carbazole‐Terpyridine Donor‐Acceptor Dyads with Rigid π‐Conjugated Bridges
Authors: Matteucci Elia , Baschieri Andrea , Sambri Letizia , Monti Filippo , Pavoni Eleonora , Bandini Elisa , Armaroli Nicola 
Published: May 2019

AbstractA series of molecules in which 9H‐carbazole (electron donor, D) and 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine (electron acceptor, A) are connected through rigid π‐conjugated bridges (D‐π‐A systems) have been synthesized and their photophysical properties examined in detail, with the support of DFT calculations. The bridges are made of different sequences of ethynylene, phenylene, and anthracene groups. The synthetic strategies involve condensation of 2‐acetylpyridine with the aromatic aldehyde moiety on different functionalized π‐conjugated bridges and couplings with carbazole derivatives. The system incorporating anthracene in the bridge shows the typical absorption and emission fingerprints of this polycyclic hydrocarbon. The other systems have HOMOs and LUMOs centred, respectively, over the carbazole and the bridge and exhibit solvatochromic charge‐transfer (CT) luminescence with high photoluminescence yield up to 70 %, except when an ethynylene unit is directly attached to the carbazole ring, due to a trans‐bent non‐emissive π–σ* excited state.
What drives small and medium enterprises towards sustainability? Role of interactions between pressures, barriers, and benefits
Authors: Cantele Silvia , Zardini Alessandro 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe literature on the subject of corporate social responsibility and environmental management in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) has theorized about the different factors influencing the propensity of business owners/managers towards sustainability. However, the varying results and some gaps in these previous studies have highlighted the need to search for new models for the relationships among these drivers. This study theorizes and tests a model in which the decision flow of SME owners/managers is described as a multistep process in which the first push felt from internal and external pressures is mediated by two opposite forces: the positive influence exerted by the perceived benefits of sustainability and the negative influence exerted by the perceived barriers of implementing it. Data were collected from an Italian SME survey and analyzed through structural equation modelling. The results confirmed the hypotheses of a mediated path of influence, thus highlighting the different roles of factors that enable and block sustainability in SMEs, with prospective business and policy‐making implications in the light of the pursuit of the United Nation's recommended Sustainable Development Goals.
Network slicing for vehicular communication
Authors: Khan Hamza , Luoto Petri , Samarakoon Sumudu , Bennis Mehdi , Latva‐Aho Matti 
Published: May 2019

AbstractUltra‐reliable vehicle‐to‐everything (V2X) communication is essential for enabling the next generation of intelligent vehicles. V2X communication is a growing area of communication that connects vehicles to neighboring vehicles (V2V), infrastructure (V2I), and pedestrians (V2P). Network slicing is one of the promising technologies for connectivity of the next generation devices, creating several logical networks on a common and programmable physical infrastructure. Network slicing offers an efficient way to satisfy the diverse use case requirements by exploiting the benefits of shared physical infrastructure. In this regard, we propose a network slicing‐based communication solution for vehicular networks. In this work, we model a highway scenario with vehicles having heterogeneous traffic demands. The autonomous driving slice (safety messages) and the infotainment slice (video stream) are the two logical slices created on a common infrastructure. We formulated a network clustering and slicing algorithm to partition the vehicles into different clusters and allocate slice leaders (SLs) to each cluster. SLs serve its clustered vehicles with high‐quality V2V links and forwards safety information with low latency. On the other hand, road side unit provides infotainment service using high‐quality V2I links. An extensive Long Term Evolution Advanced system‐level simulator with enhancement of cellular V2X standard is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, in which it is shown that the proposed network slicing technique achieves low latency and high‐reliability communication.
Biovalorization of vegetable oil refinery wastewater into value‐added compounds by Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Darvishi Farshad , Salmani Nahideh , Hosseini Barumand 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDVegetable oil refinery wastewater (VORW) is an environmental pollutant in less developed countries which annually produce 75% of vegetable oils worldwide. Microbial oils from low‐cost substrates are of growing importance for the production of renewable biofuel feedstocks, and food and feed supplements. In the current study, VORW was used as a cheap substrate to produce added‐value compounds including lipase, microbial oil and lipid‐rich biomass using Yarrowia lipolytica. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of the wastewater was studied after fermentation.RESULTSThe maximum microbial oil concentration and lipase activity were 2.68 g L−1 and 8 U mL−1 after 48 h of inoculation. The microbial oil production increased from 2.86 g L−1 to 7.74 g L−1 after optimization by response surface methodology. Using optimized medium, 11 g L−1 microbial oil and 18.3 g L−1 biomass were obtained in the bioreactor culture. The amount of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) reached ≤63% in the resulting microbial oil with a suitable FA profile for the production of lipid‐rich biomass. The biomass of Y. lipolytica has 60% lipid content and a significant amount of essential FAs which makes it as a proper feed supplement. The COD level of the wastewater decreased by 80% after 20 h.CONCLUSIONVORW can be used as a promising substrate for the sustainable production of microbial oil and lipid‐rich biomass with useful FAs by Y. lipolytica. This process also can simultaneously reduce environmental pollution of wastewater in a safe and eco‐friendly way. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Adverse effects of respiratory disease medicaments and tooth brushing on teeth: A scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Gomes Raimundo Nonato S. , Bhattacharjee Tanmoy T. , Carvalho Luis Felipe C. S. , Soares Luís Eduardo S. 
Published: May 2019

AbstractThe present study aims to evaluate the effect of brushing with fluoride dentifrice on teeth severely affected by erosion due to respiratory medicaments. Enamel (n = 50) and dentin (n = 50) bovine specimens were prepared and treated with artificial saliva (S‐control), acebrofilin hydrochloride (AC), ambroxol hydrochloride (AM), bromhexine hydrochloride (BR), and salbutamol sulfate (SS) and subjected to cycles of demineralization (immersing in 3 mL, 1 min, three times a day at intervals of 1 hr, for 5 days) followed by remineralization (saliva, 37°C, 1 hr). Simulated brushing with fluoridated toothpaste was performed using 810 strokes in a reciprocal‐action brushing simulator. Scanning electron microscopy, micro energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence (μ‐EDXRF) spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR FTIR) spectroscopy were then performed. μ‐EDXRF images showed extensive erosion after treatment with all medicaments. SEM images showed enamel erosion in order SS > BR > AC = AM > S after brushing and fluoridation. FTIR results were in agreement. In case of dentin, μ‐EDXRF measurements showed significant difference in mineral content (percent weight of calcium and phosphate) in SS + brushing + fluoridation treated enamel compared to control, while μ‐EDXRF images showed erosive effects in the order SS > AM>BR > AC = S post brushing + fluoridation. SEM images showed erosion in the order SS > AM = BR > AC > S post brushing + fluoridation. Again, FTIR multivariate results were in agreement. Overall, our study shows that proper oral care is critical when taking certain medication. The study also demonstrates the possible use of FTIR for rapid clinical monitoring of tooth erosion in clinics.
The role of intellectual capital in new product development: Can it become a liability?
Authors: Subramanian Annapoornima M. , van de Vrande Vareska 
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACTGiven the increasingly high cost of new product development (NPD), it is important for firms to terminate unsuccessful NPD projects as soon as possible. This article investigates the role of intellectual capital in the discontinuation of NPD projects. The three dimensions of intellectual capital (human, structural, and social capital) are posited to decrease the likelihood of discontinuation of NPD projects, while contextual factors such as the firm's discontinuation experience and the size of the drug development portfolio are expected to affect this relationship. The research model is tested using a unique data set of 1,168 drug discovery and development projects. The results suggest that NPD projects rich in all three dimensions of intellectual capital are less likely to be discontinued. The size of the firm's drug development portfolio, however, is found to mitigate these effects, while discontinuation experience enhances the relationship between intellectual capital and discontinuation duration. As only a fraction of new product development initiatives result in success, timely discontinuation of unsuccessful projects is critical for sustained performance of organizations. Our findings make an important contribution to this stream of work. By highlighting the role of intellectual capital in the discontinuation process, we offer an interesting twist to the literature that invariably assumes intellectual capital to be important for innovation.
Production of selenium‐biofortified microgreens from selenium‐enriched seeds of basil
Authors: Puccinelli Martina , Malorgio Fernando , Rosellini Irene , Pezzarossa Beatrice 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrogreens (i.e. tender immature greens) are a popular alternative to sprouts (i.e. germinating seeds) because of their higher content of vitamins, carotenoids and phenols, as well as their lower content of nitrates. Their nutritional value can be improved by biofortification, which increases micronutrient levels during plant growth. Because selenium (Se) plays a significant role in antioxidant defense, biofortification with Se is a good way of improving the nutritional quality of sprouts and microgreens. The present study investigated the production of Se‐fortified microgreens from Se‐enriched seeds of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). These microgreens could be used as new beneficial dietary supplements.RESULTSBasil plants were grown in a nutrient solution, containing 0 (control), 4 or 8 mg Se L−1 as sodium selenate, to full maturity. Seeds accumulated a high amount of Se and were then used to produce microgreens. The germination index was higher in the seeds from Se‐treated plants and the microgreens were enriched in Se. The antioxidant capacity of Se‐fortified microgreens was higher compared to the control.CONCLUSIONThe production of microgreens from Se‐enriched seeds could comprise a good system for obtaining microgreens with a high nutritional value. Basil plants treated with Se could be used to produce both Se‐fortified leaves and microgreens. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparing Friedman versus Mack–Skillings data analyses on duplicated rank data: a case of visual color intensity
Authors: Carabante Kennet M , Chokumnoyporn Napapan , Sriwattana Sujinda , Alonso Jose , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: May 2019

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn duplicated ranking tests, panelists either rank duplicates separately (2SS) or jointly in a single session (1SS). This study compared data analyses of duplicated yellow color intensity rank data using Friedman versus Mack–Skillings (M–S) tests. Panelists (n = 75) ranked an orange juice set twice – a similar‐samples set (100%, 95% versus 90%); samples other than the 100% juice were prepared by dilution with water. Rank sum data were obtained from (a) intermediate ranks from jointly re‐ranked scores of 2SS for each panelist, and (b) joint rank data of all panelists from the two replications in 1SS. Both (a) and (b) were analyzed using the M–S test. The median rank data (c) for each panelist from two replications were analyzed using the Friedman test.RESULTSComparing M–S with the Friedman tests, the former generally produced higher test statistics and lower P‐values than the latter. However, when considering the pattern of post hoc pairwise significant differences, both tests yielded similar conclusions.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that, in a duplicated ranking test with three samples that were very similar in color, separating the two replications into two complete individual ranking tests or serving sessions (2SS) may prevent sensitivity loss due to fatigue that is otherwise experienced when evaluating all samples together in a single session (1SS). We expected to find the M–S test to be more sensitive than the Friedman test; however, this hypothesis was not supported by the post hoc (Tukey's honest significant difference (HSD)) multiple comparison test results under the specific test conditions in this study. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry