bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La relación entre la hernia inguinal y la cirugía del cáncer de próstata
Authors: Ramírez Backhaus Miguel , Rubio-Briones José , Estevan-Estevan Rafael , Carbonell-Tatay Fernando 
Published: April 2018

Introducción y ObjetivoLos defectos de pared abdominal y el cáncer de próstata pueden aparecer de manera sincrónica o metacrónica. Procedemos a realizar una revisión de la literatura para dilucidar: la conveniencia y seguridad de la cirugía combinada, la incidencia de hernias tras la cirugía prostática y la viabilidad de la prostatectomía en pacientes con hernioplastia laparoscópica previa.Material y Método: Combinamos los mesh terms “prostate neoplasm” y “abdominal hernia” en la base de datos https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/. Dos investigadores MRB y FCT revisan las 125 referencias bibliográficas y seleccionan aquellas series de casos con más de 20 procedimientos así como artículos de revisión y revisiones sistemáticas.Resultados y conclusiones: Hasta 24 trabajos (34,3%) describían o analizaban la viabilidad, los resultados y las complicaciones de una cirugía combinada, prostatectomía radical y herniorrafia o hernioplastia en un mismo acto quirúrgico. Evaluados los resultados, la literatura avala la intervención combinada en el mismo acto quirúrgico a los pacientes que padecen una hernia inguinal y un cáncer de próstata subsidiario de prostatectomía.Encontramos 25 estudios y un meta-análisis que abordan el potencial incremento de hernias inguinales tras prostatectomía radical. Aproximadamente un 15% de los pacientes a los que se les practica una prostatectomía radical retropúbica clásica desarrollarán hernias inguinales; es posible que la incidencia sea menor en prostatectomías laparoscópicas y es factible que se acentúe con el abordaje extraperitoneal. La mediana de tiempo a la aparición de la hernia es de alrededor de 6 meses.Tras la evaluación de 13 originales y 1 meta-análisis se concluye que la hernioplastia laparoscópica no imposibilita la prostatectomía pero dificulta la cirugía pélvica ulterior.
Students' critical thinking skills profile: constructing best strategy in teaching chemistry
Authors: Utami Budi , Saputro Sulistyo , Ashadi Ashadi , Masykuri Mohammad , Probosari Riezky Maya , Sutanto Alimin 
Published: April 2018

<p>The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of critical thinking skills of senior high school students. The paper-based essay questions and the questionnaires were used as the instruments to measure critical thinking skills in daily chemistry problems, which is based on Facione’s critical thinking aspects included interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. The research was conducted in one of government senior high school in Central Java, Indonesia. The descriptive-qualitative method was used for the research method. The qualitative approach was used to analyze the data by using essay questions and questionnaires. The criteria for critical thinking skills were categorized as null, low, medium, and high. The result showed that most of the students have weak or low skill in critical thinking, especially in analysis, evaluation, explanation, and self-regulation whether their skill of interpretation and inference are medium. This finding can be used to develop a new strategy in teaching chemistry related to critical thinking skill.</p><p> </p>
Risk Reduction Compared with Access to Care: Quantifying the Trade-Off of Enforcing a Body Mass Index Eligibility Criterion for Joint Replacement
Authors: Giori Nicholas J. , Amanatullah Derek F. , Gupta Shalini , Bowe Thomas , Harris Alex H.S. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Morbidly obese patients with severe osteoarthritis benefit from successful total joint arthroplasty. However, morbid obesity increases the risk of complications. Because of this, some surgeons enforce a body mass index (BMI) eligibility criterion above which total joint arthroplasty is denied. In this study, we investigate the trade-off between avoiding complications and restricting access to care when enforcing BMI-based eligibility criteria for total joint arthroplasty.

Methods:
In this retrospective cohort study, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) and Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) databases were reviewed for patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty from October 2011 through September 2014. We determined, if various BMI eligibility criteria had been enforced over that period of time, how many short-term complications would have been avoided, how many complication-free surgical procedures would have been denied, and the positive predictive value of BMI eligibility criteria as tests for major complications. To provide a frame of reference, we also determined what would have happened if eligibility for total joint arthroplasty were arbitrarily determined by flipping a coin.

Results:
In this study, 27,671 total joint arthroplasties were reviewed. With a BMI criterion of ≥40 kg/m2, 1,148 patients would have been denied a surgical procedure free of major complications, and 83 patients would have avoided a major complication. The positive predictive value of a complication using a BMI of ≥40 kg/m2 as a test for major complications was 6.74% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.44% to 8.33%). The positive predictive value of a complication using a BMI criterion of 30 kg/m2 was 5.33% (95% CI, 4.99% to 5.71%). Flipping a coin had a positive predictive value of 5.05%.

Conclusions:
A 30 kg/m2 criterion for total joint arthroplasty eligibility is marginally better than flipping a coin and should not determine surgical eligibility. With a BMI criterion of ≥40 kg/m2, the number of patients denied a complication-free surgical procedure is about 14 times larger than those spared a complication. Although the acceptable balance between avoiding complications and providing access to care can be debated, such a quantitative assessment helps to inform decisions regarding the advisability of enforcing a BMI criterion for total joint arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Long-Term Outcomes of Glenohumeral Arthrodesis
Authors: Wagner Eric R. , McLaughlin Richard , Sarfani Shumaila , Cofield Robert H. , Sperling John W. , Sanchez-Sotelo Joaquin , Elhassan Bassem T. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Glenohumeral arthrodesis is associated with a high rate of complications. Although patients experience reasonable pain relief and shoulder stability, they experience marked limitations in their upper-extremity function. The purpose of this study was to examine the clinical outcomes of glenohumeral arthrodesis.

Methods:
Twenty-nine patients with 29 affected shoulders underwent primary glenohumeral arthrodesis between 1992 and 2009. Surgical indications included rotator cuff arthropathy and pseudoparalysis (n = 7), neurologic injuries (n = 12), chronic infection (n = 3), recurrent dislocations (n = 3), and proximal humeral or shoulder girdle tumors (n = 4). Surgical fixation techniques included plates and screws in 18 patients and screws only in 11 patients.

Results:
All patients were examined, with a mean follow-up of 12 years (range, 2 to 22 years). Twelve patients (41%) had postoperative complications, including 6 periprosthetic fractures, 7 nonunions, and 3 infections. Eleven patients (38%) required additional surgical procedures after arthrodesis, including revision internal fixation to achieve glenohumeral fusion after nonunions (n = 7), irrigation and debridement with antibiotic treatment for deep infections (n = 2), open reduction and internal fixation to treat fracture (n = 2), and implant removal to treat symptomatic patients (n = 3). Patients experienced reasonable overall pain relief. The mean postoperative scores were 35 points for the Subjective Shoulder Value, 58 points for the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and 54 points for the Short Form-36. Eighty-seven percent of patients reported postoperative limitations. Patients with neurologic injuries had worse functional outcomes, and an arthrodesis position of ≥25° yielded better functional outcomes.

Conclusions:
Glenohumeral arthrodesis is associated with a high rate of patients with complications (41%). Although patients experience reasonable pain relief and shoulder stability, they experience marked limitations in their upper-extremity function.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nonoperative Management of Spinal Epidural Abscess
Authors: Shah Akash A. , Ogink Paul T. , Nelson Sandra B. , Harris Mitchel B. , Schwab Joseph H. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical in spinal epidural abscess, as delay can lead to paralysis or death. The initial management decision for spinal epidural abscess is not always clear, with the literature showing conflicting results. When considering nonoperative management, it is crucial to avoid failure of treatment, given the neurologic compromise incurred through failure. Unfortunately, data regarding risk factors associated with failure are scarce.

Methods:
All patients admitted to our hospital system with a diagnosis of spinal epidural abscess from 1993 to 2016 were identified. Patients who were ≥18 years of age and were initially managed nonoperatively were included. Explanatory variables and outcomes were collected retrospectively. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed on these variables to identify independent predictors of failure of nonoperative treatment. A nomogram was constructed to generate a risk of failure based on these predictors.

Results:
We identified 367 patients who initially underwent nonoperative management. Of these, 99 patients underwent medical management that failed. Multivariable logistic regression yielded 6 independent predictors of failure: a presenting motor deficit, pathologic or compression fracture in affected levels, active malignancy, diabetes mellitus, sensory changes, and dorsal location of abscess. We constructed a nomogram that generates a probability of failure based on the presence of these factors.

Conclusions:
By quantifying the risk of failure on the basis of the presence of 6 independent predictors of treatment failure, our nomogram may provide a useful tool for the treatment team when weighing the risks and benefits of initial nonoperative treatment compared with operative management.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of Autograft and Allograft with Surface Modification for Flexor Tendon Reconstruction
Authors: Wei Zhuang , Reisdorf Ramona L. , Thoreson Andrew R. , Jay Gregory D. , Moran Steven L. , An Kai-Nan , Amadio Peter C. , Zhao Chunfeng 
Published: April 2018

Background:
Flexor tendon injury is common, and tendon reconstruction is indicated clinically if the primary repair fails or cannot be performed immediately after tendon injury. The purpose of the current study was to compare clinically standard extrasynovial autologous graft (EAG) tendon and intrasynovial allogeneic graft (IAG) that had both undergone biolubricant surface modification in a canine in vivo model.

Methods:
Twenty-four flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons from the second and fifth digits of 12 dogs were used for this study. In the first phase, a model of failed FDP tendon repair was created. After 6 weeks, the ruptured FDP tendons with a scarred digit were reconstructed with the use of either EAG or IAG tendons treated with carbodiimide-derivatized hyaluronic acid and lubricin. At 12 weeks after tendon reconstruction, the digits were harvested for functional, biomechanical, and histologic evaluations.

Results:
The tendon failure model was a clinically relevant and reproducible model for tendon reconstruction. The IAG group demonstrated improved digit function with decreased adhesion formation, lower digit work of flexion, and improved graft gliding ability compared with the EAG group. However, the IAG group had decreased healing at the distal tendon-bone junction. Our histologic findings verified the biomechanical evaluations and, further, showed that cellular repopulation of allograft at 12 weeks after reconstruction is still challenging.

Conclusions:
FDP tendon reconstruction using IAG with surface modification has some beneficial effects for reducing adhesions but demonstrated inferior healing at the distal tendon-bone junction compared with EAG. These mixed results indicate that vitalization and turnover acceleration are crucial to reducing failure of reconstruction with allograft.

Clinical Relevance:
Flexor tendon reconstruction is a common surgical procedure. However, postoperative adhesion formation may lead to unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. In this study, we developed a potential flexor tendon allograft using chemical and tissue-engineering approaches. This technology could improve function following tendon reconstruction.
Operative Experience During Orthopaedic Residency Compared with Early Practice in the U.S.
Authors: Kohring Jessica M. , Bishop Michael O. , Presson Angela P. , Harrast John J. , Marsh J. Lawrence , Parsons Theodore W. , Saltzman Charles L. 
Published: April 2018

Background:
The goal of surgical education is to prepare the trainee for independent practice; however, the relevance of the current residency experience to practice remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to identify the surgical procedures most frequently performed in orthopaedic residency and in early surgical practice and to identify surgical procedures performed more often or less often in orthopaedic residency compared with early surgical practice.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study included American Medical Association (AMA) Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes (n = 4,329,561 procedures) reported by all U.S. orthopaedic surgery residents completing residency between 2010 and 2012 (n = 1,978) and AMA CPT codes for all procedures (n = 413,370) reported by U.S. orthopaedic surgeons who took the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Part II certifying examination between 2013 and 2015 (n = 2,205). Relative rates were determined for AMA CPT codes and AMA CPT code categories for adult and pediatric surgeries that had frequencies of ≥0.1% for both practitioners and residents.

Results:
The top 25 adult AMA CPT code categories contributed 82.1% of the total case volume for residents and 82.4% for practitioners. Knee and shoulder arthroscopy were the most frequently performed procedures in adults in both residency and early practice. Humerus/elbow fracture and/or dislocation procedures and “other musculoskeletal–introduction or removal” procedures were the most frequently performed procedures in pediatric cases in both residency and early practice. Of the total 78 adult and 82 pediatric code categories included in our analysis that had a frequency of >1% in residency or early practice, there were 4 adult and 6 pediatric code categories demonstrating 44% to 1,164% greater frequency in residency than in early practice, and there were 8 adult and 7 pediatric code categories demonstrating 26% to 73% less frequency in residency than in early practice.

Conclusions:
Similarity between residency and early practice experience is generally strong. However, we identified several AMA CPT code categories and individual CPT codes for which the level of exposure during residency varied substantially from early practice experience. These findings can help residencies ensure adequate trainee exposure to procedures performed commonly in early practice.
Pressure management and residential consumption reduction
Authors: Garmendia M. , Almandoz J. , Arrizabalaga A. , Arregui F. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
The benefits of applying pressure management in urban water supply networks have been well known for more than 10 years. Apart from reducing leakage, it also reduces burst frequency and consumption. However, the reduction of consumption with pressure is an objective that has only been considered a priority in water scarcity scenarios and suffers from a lack of systematic or conclusive studies. This paper analyses the relationship between pressure and consumption in a water distribution network equipped with remote water meter reading. Based on end use breakdowns, the paper estimates the percentage of pressure-dependent consumption. It establishes three different scenarios and assesses the relationship between pressure and consumption by means of the N3 coefficient.
The Effect of Reputation Shocks to Rating Agencies on Corporate Disclosures
Authors: Sethuraman Mani 
Published: April 2018

ABSTRACT
This paper explores the effect of a credit rating agency's (CRA) reputation on the voluntary disclosures of corporate bond issuers. Academics, practitioners, and regulators disagree on the informational role played by major CRAs and the usefulness of credit ratings in influencing investors' perception of the credit risk of bond issuers. Using management earnings forecasts as a measure of voluntary disclosure, I find that investors demand more (less) disclosure from corporate bond issuers when the ratings become less (more) credible. In addition, using content analytics, I find that bond issuers disclose more qualitative information during periods of low CRA reputation to aid investors in assessing credit risk. My findings are consistent with credit ratings providing incremental information to investors and reducing adverse selection in lending markets. Further, consistent with theoretical predictions, my findings suggest that managers rely on voluntary disclosure as a credible mechanism to reduce information asymmetry in bond markets.
Client Likeability in Auditor Fraud Risk Judgments: The Mitigating Influence of Task Experience, the Review Process, and a “Consider the Opposite” Strategy
Authors: Schafer Brad A. , Schafer Jennifer Kahle 
Published: April 2018

SUMMARY
Auditors contend with an array of management personalities during the course of an audit engagement. Some clients by their nature are more likeable, while others create a stressful or unpleasant environment. We summarize two related research studies that examine whether and how a client's likeability influences auditors' fraud likelihood judgments. Results indicate that more likeable (dislikeable) clients cause lower (higher) auditor judgments of fraud likelihood. Results also indicate this bias operates indirectly by influencing the evaluation of evidence statements made by the client that relate to management pressures or attitudes rather than operating as a global bias on all evidence. Requiring an explanation for the judgment mitigates this bias, but only for experienced auditors. For inexperienced auditors and experienced non-audit CPAs, a prompt to “consider the opposite” mitigates the bias. These findings suggest that education and training can clarify relevant and irrelevant evidence cues in fraud judgments.
A Unique Computational Method for Constructing Intervals in Fuzzy Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Jain Shilpa , Mathpal Prakash C. , Bisht Dinesh , Singh Phool 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This research article suggests a computational method for constructing fuzzy sets in absence of expert knowledge. This method uses concepts of central tendencies mean and variance. This study gives a solution to the critical issue in designing of fuzzy systems, number of fuzzy sets. Proposed computational method helps in finding intervals and thereby fuzzy sets for fuzzy time series forecasting. Proposed computational method is implemented on the authentic data for the enrolments of University of Alabama, which is considered as benchmark problem in the field of fuzzy time series. The forecasted values are compared with the results of other methods to state its supremacy. Projected computational method along with Gaussian membership function gave promising results over other methods for fuzzy time series for the above said benchmark data.
Comparison of Software Decision Support Systems for Solving a Multicriteria Optimization Problem
Authors: Staykov Boris , Monov Vladimir 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
This article describes in details how multicriteria optimization can be applied to solve a typical business problem for resources planning and manufacturing process optimization in a battery factory. We solve the problem by using an interactive software decision support system WebOptim developed at the Institute of information and communication technologies. The entire problem solving process is described step by step in order to point out the problem specific features as well as to demonstrate the capabilities of the WebOptim software system. For comparison, we have solved the same problem by means of another popular decision support system WWW NIMBUS and both solutions are analyzed and discussed.
Classification of Mental Tasks from EEG Signals Using Spectral Analysis, PCA and SVM
Authors: Neshov Nikolay N. , Manolova Agata H. , Draganov Ivo R. , Tonschev Krasimir T. , Boumbarov Ognian L. 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
Signals provided by the ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) are widely used in Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) applications. They can be further analyzed and used for thinking activity recognition. In this paper we proposed an algorithm that is able to recognize five mental tasks using 6 channel EEG data. The main idea is to separate the raw EEG signals into several frames and compute their spectrums. Next, a second-order derivative of Gaussian is applied to extract features and an optimum Gaussian kernel parameters grid search is performed with the help of cross-validation. The extracted features are further reduced by Principal Component Analysis. The processed data is utilized to train SVM classifier which is used for mental tasks recognition afterwards. The performance of the algorithm is estimated on publically available dataset. In terms of 5 folds cross-validation we obtained an average of 82.7% recognition rate (accuracy). Additional experiments were conducted using leave-one-out cross-validation where 67.2% correct classification was reported. Comparison to several state-of-the art methods reveals the advantages of the proposed algorithm.
Special Thematic Section on Semantic Models for Natural Language Processing (Preface)
Authors: Simov Kiril , Osenova Petya 
Published: April 2018

Abstract
With the availability of large language data online, cross-linked lexical resources (such as BabelNet, Predicate Matrix and UBY) and semantically annotated corpora (SemCor, OntoNotes, etc.), more and more applications in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have started to exploit various semantic models. The semantic models have been created on the base of LSA, clustering, word embeddings, deep learning, neural networks, etc., and abstract logical forms, such as Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS) or Abstract Meaning Representation (AMR), etc.
Additionally, the Linguistic Linked Open Data Cloud has been initiated (LLOD Cloud) which interlinks linguistic data for improving the tasks of NLP. This cloud has been expanding enormously for the last four-five years. It includes corpora, lexicons, thesauri, knowledge bases of various kinds, organized around appropriate ontologies, such as LEMON. The semantic models behind the data organization as well as the representation of the semantic resources themselves are a challenge to the NLP community.
The NLP applications that extensively rely on the above discussed models include Machine Translation, Information Extraction, Question Answering, Text Simplification, etc.