bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of force terms in the lattice Boltzmann models in simulating shallow water flows over complex topography
Authors: Li Shaotian , Li Yineng , Zeng Zeyu , Huang Ping , Peng Shiqiu 
Published: March 2019

SummaryProper approximation of the force terms, especially the bed slope term, is of crucial importance to simulating shallow water flows in lattice Boltzmann (LB) models. However, there is little discussion on the schemes of adding force terms to LB models for shallow water equations (SWEs). In this study, we evaluate the performance of forcing schemes coupled with different LB models (LABSWE and MLBSWE) in simulating shallow water flows over complex topography and try to find out their intrinsic characteristics and applicability. Three cases are adopted for evaluation, including a stationary case, a one‐dimensional tidal wave flow over an irregular bed, and a steady flow over a two‐dimensional seamount. The simulating results are compared with analytical solutions or the results produced by the finite difference method. For LABSWE, all the forcing schemes, except for the weighting factor method, fail to produce accurate solutions for the test cases; this is probably due to the mismatch between the bed slope term in source terms and the quadratic depth term of the equilibrium distribution functions in these forcing schemes. For MLBSWE, all the forcing schemes are capable of simulating flows over the complex topography accurately; furthermore, those schemes taking into account the collision effect τ to eliminate the momentum induced by forces provide more accurate solutions with quicker convergence as the lattice size decreases. In this view, MLBSWE can bring more flexibility in treating the force terms and thus can be a better tool to simulate shallow water flows over complex topography in practical application.
Reliable local dynamics in the brain across sessions are revealed by whole‐brain modeling of resting state activity
Authors: Donnelly‐Kehoe Patricio , Saenger Victor M. , Lisofsky Nina , Kühn Simone , Kringelbach Morten L. , Schwarzbach Jens , Lindenberger Ulman , Deco Gustavo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractResting state fMRI is a tool for studying the functional organization of the human brain. Ongoing brain activity at “rest” is highly dynamic, but procedures such as correlation or independent component analysis treat functional connectivity (FC) as if, theoretically, it is stationary and therefore the fluctuations observed in FC are thought as noise. Consequently, FC is not usually used as a single‐subject level marker and it is limited to group studies. Here we develop an imaging‐based technique capable of reliably portraying information of local dynamics at a single‐subject level by using a whole‐brain model of ongoing dynamics that estimates a local parameter, which reflects if each brain region presents stable, asynchronous or transitory oscillations. Using 50 longitudinal resting‐state sessions of one single subject and single resting‐state sessions from a group of 50 participants we demonstrate that brain dynamics can be quantified consistently with respect to group dynamics using a scanning time of 20 min. We show that brain hubs are closer to a transition point between synchronous and asynchronous oscillatory dynamics and that dynamics in frontal areas have larger heterogeneity in its values compared to other lobules. Nevertheless, frontal regions and hubs showed higher consistency within the same subject while the inter‐session variability found in primary visual and motor areas was only as high as the one found across subjects. The framework presented here can be used to study functional brain dynamics at group and, more importantly, at individual level, opening new avenues for possible clinical applications.
Using stable isotopes of surface water and groundwater to quantify moisture sources across the Yellow River source region
Authors: Kuang Xingxing , Luo Xin , Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Liang Sihai , Zhang Xiaolang , Li Hailong , Liu Junguo 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCharacterization of stable isotope compositions (δ2H and δ18O) of surface water and groundwater in a catchment is critical for refining moisture sources and establishing modern isotope–elevation relationships for paleoelevation reconstructions. There is no consensus on the moisture sources of precipitation in the Yellow River source region during summer season. This study presents δ2H and δ18O data from 111 water samples collected from tributaries, mainstream, lakes, and groundwater across the Yellow River source region during summertime. Measured δ18O values of the tributaries range from −13.5‰ to −5.8‰ with an average of −11.0‰. Measured δ18O values of the groundwater samples range from −12.7‰ to −10.5‰ with an average of −11.9‰. The δ18O data of tributary waters display a northward increase of 1.66‰ per degree latitude. The δ18O data and d‐excess values imply that moisture sources of the Yellow River source region during summertime are mainly from the mixing of the Indian Summer Monsoon and the Westerlies, local water recycling, and subcloud evaporation. Analysis of tributary δ18O data from the Yellow River source region and streamwater and precipitation δ18O data from its surrounding areas leads to a best‐fit second‐order polynomial relationship between δ18O and elevation over a 4,600 m elevation range. A δ18O elevation gradient of −1.6‰/km is also established using these data, and the gradient is in consistence with the δ18O elevation gradient of north and eastern plateau. Such relationships can be used for paleoelevation reconstructions in the Yellow River source region.
A murine model of cutaneous aspergillosis for evaluation of biomaterials‐based local delivery therapies
Authors: Tatara Alexander M. , Watson Emma , Albert Nathaniel D. , Kontoyiannis Panayiotis D. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractCutaneous fungal infection is a challenging condition to treat that primarily afflicts immunocompromised patients. Local antifungal therapy may permit the delivery of high concentrations of antifungals directly to wounds while minimizing systemic toxicities. However, the field currently lacks suitable in vivo models. Therefore, a large cutaneous wound was created in immunosuppressed mice and inoculated with Aspergillus fumigatus. We fabricated biodegradable polymer microparticles (MPs) that were capable of locally delivering antifungal and characterized in vitro release kinetics. We compared wound bed size, fungal burden, and histological presence of fungi in mice treated with antifungal‐loaded MPs. Mice with a cutaneous defect but no infection, mice with infected cutaneous defect but no treatment, and infected mice treated with blank MPs were used as controls. Infection of large wounds inhibited healing and resulted in tissue invasion in an inoculum‐dependent manner. MPs were capable of releasing antifungals at concentrations above A. fumigatus Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) for at least 6 days. Wounds treated with MPs had significantly decreased size compared with no treatment (64.2% vs. 19.4% wound reduction, p = 0.002) and were not significantly different from uninfected controls (64.2% vs. 58.1%, p = 0.497). This murine model may serve to better understand cutaneous fungal infection and evaluate local biomaterials‐based therapies. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1867–1874, 2019.
Application of bacterial cellulose experimental dressings saturated with gentamycin for management of bone biofilm in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Junka Adam , Bartoszewicz Marzenna , Dziadas Mariusz , Szymczyk Patrycja , Dydak Karolina , Żywicka Anna , Owczarek Artur , Bil‐Lula Iwona , Czajkowska Joanna , Fijałkowski Karol 
Published: March 2019

AbstractBacterial cellulose is one of the most promising polymers of recent years. Herein, we present a possibility of BC application as a carrier of gentamycin antibiotic for the treatment and prevention of bone infections. We have shown that BC saturated with gentamycin significantly reduces the level of biofilm‐forming bone pathogens, namely Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and displays very low cytotoxicity in vitro against osteoblast cell cultures. Another beneficial feature of our prototype dressing is prolonged release of gentamycin, which provides efficient protection from microbial contamination and subsequent infection. Moreover, it seems that bacterial cellulose (BC) alone without any antimicrobial added, may serve as a barrier by significantly hampering the ability of the pathogen to penetrate to the bone structure. Therefore, a gentamycin‐saturated BC dressing may be considered as a possible alternative for gentamycin collagen sponge broadly used in clinical setting. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 108B:30–37, 2020.
Adding Marrow Adiposity and Cortical Porosity to Femoral Neck Areal Bone Mineral Density Improves the Discrimination of Women With Nonvertebral Fractures From Controls
Authors: Zebaze Roger , Osima Marit , Bui Minh , Lukic Marko , Wang Xiaofang , Ghasem-Zadeh Ali , Eriksen Erik F , Vais Angela , Shore-Lorenti Catherine , Ebeling Peter R , Seeman Ego , Bjørnerem Åshild 
Published: March 2019

ABSTRACT
Advancing age is accompanied by a reduction in bone formation and remodeling imbalance, which produces microstructural deterioration. This may be partly caused by a diversion of mesenchymal cells towards adipocytes rather than osteoblast lineage cells. We hypothesized that microstructural deterioration would be associated with an increased marrow adiposity, and each of these traits would be independently associated with nonvertebral fractures and improve discrimination of women with fractures from controls over that achieved by femoral neck (FN) areal bone mineral density (aBMD) alone. The marrow adiposity and bone microstructure were quantified from HR-pQCT images of the distal tibia and distal radius in 77 women aged 40 to 70 years with a recent nonvertebral fracture and 226 controls in Melbourne, Australia. Marrow fat measurement from HR-pQCT images was validated using direct histologic measurement as the gold standard, at the distal radius of 15 sheep, with an agreement (R2 = 0.86, p &lt; 0.0001). Each SD higher distal tibia marrow adiposity was associated with 0.33 SD higher cortical porosity, and 0.60 SD fewer, 0.24 SD thinner, and 0.72 SD more-separated trabeculae (all p &lt; 0.05). Adjusted for age and FN aBMD, odds ratios (ORs) (95% CI) for fracture per SD higher marrow adiposity and cortical porosity were OR, 3.39 (95% CI, 2.14 to 5.38) and OR, 1.79 (95% CI, 1.14 to 2.80), respectively. Discrimination of women with fracture from controls improved when cortical porosity was added to FN aBMD and age (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.778 versus 0.751, p = 0.006) or marrow adiposity was added to FN aBMD and age (AUC 0.825 versus 0.751, p = 0.002). The model including FN aBMD, age, cortical porosity, trabecular thickness, and marrow adiposity had an AUC = 0.888. Results were similar for the distal radius. Whether marrow adiposity and cortical porosity indices improve the identification of women at risk for fractures requires validation in prospective studies. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
From the hospital to the clinic: The impact of mindfulness on symptom reduction in a DBT partial hospital program
Authors: Mochrie Kirk D. , Lothes John , Quickel Emalee J. W. , St. John Jane , Carter Carlie 
Published: March 2019

AbstractObjectivePreliminarily findings suggest dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)‐informed partial hospital (PH) programs can reduce patient symptoms. The present study assessed changes in various mental health symptoms as well as mindfulness skill acquisition in relation to these outcomes in a DBT‐informed PH program.MethodParticipants included 212 adults, ages 18–66 (Mean = 35.63, Standard Deviation = 12.39). The sample was predominantly female (N = 140, 66.00%) and Caucasian (N = 185, 87.30%).ResultsFindings showed significant symptom reduction (i.e., depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and degree of suffering) from intake to discharge. Overall mindfulness skill acquisition significantly increased from intake to discharge, and specific scales of mindfulness acquisition accounted for significant proportions of the variance in symptom reduction for depression and anxiety.ConclusionsMindfulness skill acquisition may be a mechanism by which DBT impacts symptom reduction in PH settings. Future studies might examine mindfulness practice to determine optimum doses.
Expression of potassium channels is relevant for cell survival and migration in a murine bone marrow stromal cell line
Authors: Silva Henrique B. , Rodrigues Deivid C. , Andrade Raiana , Teixeira Gabriel H. G. S. F. , Stelling Mariana P. , Ponte Cristiano G. , Nascimento José H. M. , Campos de Carvalho Antonio C. , Medei Emiliano 
Published: March 2019

AbstractS17 is a clonogenic bone marrow stromal (BMS) cell line derived from mouse that has been extensively used to assess both human and murine hematopoiesis support capacity. However, very little is known about the expression of potassium ion channels and their function in cell survival and migration in these cells. Thus, the present study was designed to characterize potassium ion channels using electrophysiological and molecular biological approaches in S17 BMS cells. The whole‐cell configuration of the patch clamp technique has been applied to identify potassium ion currents and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) used to determine their molecular identities. Based on gating kinetics and pharmacological modulation of the macroscopic currents we found the presence of four functional potassium ion channels in S17 BMS cells. These include a current rapidly activated and inactivated, tetraethylammonium‐sensitive, (IKV) in most (50%) cells; a fast activated and rapidly inactivating A‐type K
+ current (IK
A‐like); a delayed rectifier K
+ current (IK
DR) and an inward rectifier potassium current (IK
IR), found in, respectively 4.5%, 26% and 24% of these cells. RT‐PCR confirmed the presence of mRNA transcripts for the alpha subunit of the corresponding functional ion channels. Additionally, functional assays were performed to investigate the importance of potassium currents in cell survival and migration. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide analyses revealed a reduction in cell viability, while wound healing assays revealed reduced migration potential in cells incubated with different potassium channel blockers. In conclusion, our data suggested that potassium currents might play a role in the maintenance of overall S17 cell ionic homeostasis directly affecting cell survival and migration.
Cadmium induces cell centrosome amplification via reactive oxygen species as well as endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway
Authors: Zhang Rui Kai , Wang Pu , Lu Yu Cheng , Lang Lang , Wang Lan , Lee Shao Chin 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThere is evidence that cadmium can initiate carcinogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. There is also evidence that moderate centrosome amplification can initiate tumorigenesis. The present study investigated whether cadmium could trigger cell centrosome amplification, and examined the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that cadmium was able to cause cell centrosome amplification at the subtoxic concentrations, in a dose‐dependent manner. It could cause centrosome amplification via the signaling of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proteomic analysis revealed that cadmium caused differential expressions of three proteins, which included HSPA1A which is associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Western blot analysis confirmed that cadmium upregulated HSPA1A. Further analyses showed that cadmium upregulated Bip and decreased the phosphorylation of ASK1 as well as increased the phosphorylation of MKK7 and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinases (JNK). Knockdown of JNK2 using small interfering RNA inhibited the cadmium‐induced centrosome amplification but not the level of ROS. N‐acetylcysteine did not inhibit the cadmium‐activated ER stress pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest that cadmium can induce cell centrosome amplification via ROS as well as ER stress through the Bip–TRAF2–ASK1–MKK7–JNK signaling route, in parallel. More studies are required to clarify whether centrosome amplification underlies cadmium‐induced carcinogenesis.
Synthesis of stable isotope–labeled chloroquine and amodiaquine and their metabolites
Authors: Wu Ruilian , Williams Robert F. , Silks L.A. “Pete” , Schmidt Jurgen G. 
Published: March 2019

Anti‐malaria drugs chloroquine and amodiaquine and their metabolites were synthesized to incorporate 13C and 15N starting from U‐13C–labeled benzene to give M + 7 isotopomers. Chloroquine and its metabolites were prepared from 7‐chloro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolin‐4‐one through an aryl substitution with the corresponding amines; and the amodiaquine and its metabolites were prepared from 4,7‐dichloroquinoline in a similar fashion.
Impact of urease and nitrification inhibitor on NH4+ and NO3− dynamic in soil after urea spring application under field conditions evaluated by soil extraction and soil solution sampling
Authors: Kirschke Tobias , Spott Oliver , Vetterlein Doris 
Published: March 2019

AbstractThe application of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizers is one of the most important management tools to ensure and increase yield in agricultural systems. However, N fertilization can lead to various ecological problems such as nitrate () leaching or ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions. The application of N stabilizers (i.e., inhibitors) combined with urea fertilization offers an effective option to reduce or even prevent N losses due to their regulatory effect on ammonium () and release into the soil. The present field experiment therefore aimed at soil N speciation dynamics after urea spring fertilization (225 kg N ha−1) in the presence of a urease inhibitor (UI), a nitrification inhibitor (NI), both inhibitors (UI+NI) or when no inhibitor was applied at all. The study focused on the distribution of N species among soil matrix and soil solution. Plant cultivation was completely omitted in order to avoid masking soil N turnover and speciation by plant N uptake and growth dynamics.Application of UI clearly delayed urea hydrolysis in the top soil, but a complete hydrolysis of urea took place within only 10 days after fertilization (DAF). Nitrification was significantly reduced by NI application, leading to higher and lower concentrations in treatments with NI. Due to sorption of to the soil matrix a significantly larger fraction of was always detected in the soil extracts compared to soil solution. However, while in soil extracts the impact of NI application was less apparent and delayed, in soil solution a quick response to NI application was observed as revealed by significantly increased soil solution concentrations of . Because of the “asymmetric” soil phase distribution soil solution was predominant over only initially after fertilization even in inhibitor treatments (≈ 8 to 10 DAF). Nevertheless, inhibitor application tended towards closer ratios of to concentration in soil solution and hence, might additionally affect concentration dependent processes like plant N uptake and root development. Despite cold spring conditions urea application along with UI and/or NI did not indicate a limited supply of plant available and .
Prognostication in oncology
Authors: Fahy Bridget N. 
Published: March 2019

AbstractPrognostication involves formulation and communication about the expected course of the disease and is unique in surgical oncology because of the need to incorporate patient, procedural, and cancer‐related factors. Several tools and techniques are available to assist physicians in formulating prognosis on the basis of these factors. Use of established communication techniques are effective in discussing prognosis. In situations with prognostic uncertainty, use of the best case/worst case/most likely case or time‐limited trial of therapy can be helpful.
Diagnostic Yield and Accuracy of Bedside Echocardiography in the Emergency Department in Hemodynamically Stable Patients
Authors: Balderston Jessica R. , Gertz Zachary M. , Brooks Sean , Joyce J. Michael , Evans David P. 
Published: March 2019

ObjectivesThe goal of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield of focused cardiac ultrasound (FOCUS) in hemodynamically stable patients in the emergency department and secondarily to confirm the accuracy of these studies when compared to formal echocardiography.MethodsAll hemodynamically stable adult patients who had an emergency physician–performed FOCUS examination completed over a 1‐year period were identified using our electronic ultrasound database. Hemodynamic stability was defined as presenting systolic blood pressure higher than 90 mm Hg and not requiring any form of positive pressure ventilation.ResultsThere were 1198 FOCUS examinations performed: 976 in hemodynamically stable patients who were included in our analysis. Twenty‐seven percent of patients had new findings, including 154 (16%) new diagnoses of reduced left ventricular function, 105 (11%) new pericardial effusions, and 44 (5%) new diagnoses of RV dilatation. Dyspnea as an indication for the FOCUS examination was the strongest predictor of a positive study. Of patients included, 28% underwent formal echocardiography within 2 days and were analyzed for concordance with regard to left ventricular function and the presence of pericardial effusion. Of 270 studies, 208 were accurate, and 62 were inaccurate, for raw agreement of 77% (κ = 0.53). When stratified by sonographer experience, there was no impact on accuracy.ConclusionsFocused cardiac ultrasound in the emergency department for hemodynamically stable patients revealed new findings in 27% of studies, with a modest correlation with formal echocardiography. In stable patients, FOCUS has the potential for rapid diagnosis of cardiac disease, particularly in patients with dyspnea.