bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis, Outcome, and Management of Chylous Ascites Following Pediatric Liver Transplantation
Authors: Miserachs Mar , Lurz Eberhard , Levman Aviva , Ghanekar Anand , Cattral Mark , Ng Vicky , Grant David , Avitzur Yaron 
Published: July 2019

Data on postoperative chylous ascites (CA) after pediatric liver transplantation (LT) are scarce. This retrospective study was conducted to identify the incidence, risk factors, management, and outcomes of postoperative CA in a large single‐center pediatric LT cohort (2000‐2016). The study cohort comprised 317 LTs (153 living donors and 164 deceased donors) in 310 recipients with a median age of 2.7 years. The incidence of CA was 5.4% (n = 17), diagnosed after a median time of 10 days after LT. Compared with chylomicron detection in peritoneal fluid (the gold standard), a triglyceride cutoff value of 187 mg/dL in peritoneal fluid showed insufficient sensitivity (31%) for CA diagnosis. In univariate logistic regression analyses, ascites before LT, younger age, and lower weight, height, and height‐for‐age z score at LT were associated with CA. Symptomatic management of CA included peritoneal drain (100%) and diuretics (76%). Therapeutic interventions included very low‐fat or medium‐chain triglyceride–rich diets (94%) and intravenous octreotide (6%), leading to CA resolution in all patients. CA was associated with prolonged hospital length of stay (LOS; 40 days in the CA group versus 24 days in the non‐CA group; P = 0.001) but not with reduced patient or graft survival rates after a median follow‐up time of 14 years. In conclusion, CA in the pediatric LT recipient is a relatively uncommon complication associated with increased hospital LOS and morbidity. Measurement of chylomicrons is recommended in patients with ascites that is more severe or persistent than expected. Dietary interventions are effective in most patients.
Effects of Density on Production of Hybrid Catfish in Intensively Aerated Earthen Ponds where Dissolved Oxygen is Not a Limiting Factor
Authors: Torrans Les , Ott Brian 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Research has demonstrated that by maintaining the minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in earthen ponds at or above 3.0 ppm, feed intake and growth of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus, Blue Catfish I. furcatus, and hybrid catfish (female Channel Catfish × male Blue Catfish) may be doubled relative to those achieved with the oxygen management regimes typically used on commercial catfish farms. In earlier studies using only emergency aeration or low levels of fixed aeration, the direct effect of stocking rate has been confounded by lower morning DO concentrations in ponds stocked at higher densities due to higher feed input and fish biomass. Although higher stocking rates in those studies did produce greater yields, individual fish growth and feed intake may have been impacted by lower DO levels while appearing to be a direct density effect. In this study, production of hybrid catfish, which were fed daily to satiation in earthen ponds with no water exchange, was compared at low (5,000 fish/acre) and high (20,000 fish/acre) stocking rates while using controlled intensive aeration to maintain a minimum DO over 3.0 ppm in all ponds through the study. We achieved an average net production of 27,704 lb/acre at the higher stocking rate compared to 10,176 lb/acre at the lower stocking rate. Although this is the highest yield reported thus far in traditional static-water earthen ponds in the southern USA, it may not be the maximum production possible. The average weight of harvested fish was higher at the lower density (2.2 lb versus 1.6 lb), but the feed conversion ratio was identical (1.8) at the two densities. Our data indicate that when morning DO is maintained above limiting concentrations, other factors such as direct density interactions (aggression and/or inhibitory pheromonal feedback) and/or water quality variables unrelated to morning DO—specifically un-ionized ammonia—may play a role in catfish feed intake and growth but not food conversion.
The misdiagnosis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in a VA population
Authors: Skove Stephanie L. , Howard Lauren E. , Senechal Justin , De Hoedt Amanda , Bresee Catherine , Cunningham Timothy J. , Barbour Kamil E. , Kim Jayoung , Freedland Stephen J. , Anger Jennifer T. 
Published: July 2019

AimsThe complexity of Interstitial Cystitis/bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) has led to a great deal of uncertainty around the diagnosis and prevalence of the condition. Under the hypothesis that IC/BPS is frequently misdiagnosed, we sought to assess the accuracy of the ICD‐9/ICD‐10 code for IC/BPS using a national data set.MethodsUsing the Veterans Affairs Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, we identified a random sample of 100 patients with an ICD‐9/ICD‐10 diagnosis of IC/BPS (595.1/N30.10) by querying all living patients in the Veterans Affairs (VA) system. We purposely sampled men and women equally to better understand gender‐specific practice patterns. Patients were considered a correct IC/BPS diagnosis if they had two visits complaining of bladder‐centric pain in the absence of positive urine culture at least 6 weeks apart. Patients were considered not to have IC/BPS if they had a history of pelvic radiation, systemic chemotherapy, metastatic cancer, or bladder cancer.ResultsOf the 100 patients, 48 were female and 52 were male. Five had prior radiation, one had active cancer, and 10 had bladder cancer (all male), and an additional fifteen had insufficient records. Of the remaining 69 patients, 43% did not have IC/BPS. Of these patients who did not have IC/BPS, 43% complained only of overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, which was more common in women (63%) than men (21%), P = .003.ConclusionsIn our small sample from a nationwide VA system, results indicate that IC/BPS has a high misdiagnosis rate. These findings shed light on the gender‐specific diagnostic complexity of IC/BPS.
Efficacy and safety of adjustable balloons (Proact™) to treat male stress urinary incontinence after prostate surgery: Medium and long‐term follow‐up data of a national multicentric retrospective study
Authors: Finazzi Agrò Enrico , Gregori Andrea , Bianchi Daniele , Carone Roberto , Giammò Alessandro , Ammirati Enrico , Giovannelli Vanni , Romanò Ai Ling , Martino Pasquale , Saracino Alberto , Volpe Alessandro , Favro Michele , Canepa Giorgio , Varca Virginia , Pinto Anna , Farullo Giuseppe 
Published: July 2019

AbstractAimsMale stress urinary incontinence (SUI) represents a complication after radical prostatectomy or benign prostatic obstruction surgery. The artificial urinary sphincter is considered the standard treatment but interest on minimally invasive devices, such as adjustable balloons, has recently increased. Aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the ProACT system.MethodsIn this multicentric retrospective study, we reported the data from nine centers. Patients with SUI who underwent a ProACT device implantation for postoperative SUI and had a minimum follow‐up of 24 months were included. Efficacy was evaluated at the maximum available follow‐up and was assessed utilizing a 24‐hour pad test. Patients were considered: “Dry” if presenting a urine leak weight lower than 8 g at the 24‐hour pad test; “Improved” if presenting a reduction of urine leak higher than 50% (but >8 g/24 hours); “Failure” if presenting a reduction in urine leak lower than 50%. The evaluation included a record of intraoperative and long‐term complications.ResultsSafety and efficacy results are reported on 240 patients. 29.6% of patients were dry at 24 months, 37.5% were improved and 32.9% of patients were considered failures. The baseline mean pad weight of 367 g was reduced to 123 g at 24 months. Five‐year follow‐up on 152 patients showed similar efficacy. The complication rate was 22.5%, with the top complication being long‐term balloon failure.ConclusionsProACT implantation represents a safe and efficacious treatment for male postoperative SUI at both medium and long‐term follow up. 67.1% of patients were dry or improved at 24 months. The majority of complications are low grade.
A miR‐194/PTBP1/CCND3 axis regulates tumor growth in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kang Hoin , Heo Sungeun , Shin Jung Jae , Ji Eunbyul , Tak Hyosun , Ahn Sojin , Lee Kyung Jin , Lee Eun Kyung , Kim Wook 
Published: July 2019

AbstractPolypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 1 (PTBP1) is one of the most investigated multifunctional RNA‐binding proteins (RBP), controlling almost all steps of mRNA metabolism and processing. It has been reported that PTBP1 is overexpressed in many different types of cancer and this high expression is associated with increased proliferation and poor prognoses. However, there are no reports on a putative role for PTBP1 in the molecular abnormalities and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we identified PTBP1 as a positive regulator of human HCC growth. The expression of PTBP1 was increased in human HCC cells and tissues compared to the corresponding controls, and this high expression was positively correlated with increased tumor size and a reduced survival rate. Mechanistically, PTBP1 enhanced cyclin D3 (CCND3) translation by interacting with the 5′‐untranslated region (5′‐UTR) of CCND3 mRNA, consequently facilitating cell cycle progression and tumor growth. Furthermore, we found that miR‐194 inhibits PTBP1 expression by binding to the 3′‐UTR of PTBP1 mRNA, resulting in reduced CCND3 levels and HCC cell growth; moreover, the levels of PTBP1 were negatively correlated with miR‐194 levels in HCC. Taken together, these findings identify PTBP1 as a pivotal enhancer of HCC growth; the miR‐194/PTBP1/CCND3 axis seemingly has a crucial role in the development and progression of HCC and targeting the axis could be a novel therapeutic strategy against human HCC. © 2019 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anisotropy, hole, and hybridization influences in polyester polymer composites reinforced by glass and glass/Kevlar
Authors: Targino Talita G. , Tinô Sérgio R. L. , de Aquino Eve M. F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThis study aimed at determining the mechanical properties, residual properties, and mechanical fracture characteristics of two composite laminates reinforced with different types of fibers, the first using a bidirectional fabric of E‐glass fibers and the second, also bidirectional, a hybrid strand of E‐glass and Kevlar 49 fibers. Both laminates consist of four layers of fabric reinforced with Polilyte 10316‐10 polyester resin. Two types of studies were conducted on the laminates: the presence of a geometric discontinuity (central hole) and anisotropy, that is, different fiber arrangements in relation to the applied load. The directions are 0°/90° and ±45°. Another study was carried out on the hybridization process in the composition of reinforcement fabric strands. In all the studies, the test specimens were submitted to uniaxial tensile testing. The results demonstrate the influence of anisotropy, hybridization, and the presence of a central hole on the mechanical response and fracture characteristics of composite laminates, with the 0°/90° configuration exhibiting greater tensile strength in all the conditions studied.
The type III secretion system needle, tip, and translocon
Authors: Dey Supratim , Chakravarty Amritangshu , Guha Biswas Pallavi , De Guzman Roberto N. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractMany Gram‐negative bacteria pathogenic to plants and animals deploy the type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject virulence factors into their hosts. All bacteria that rely on the T3SS to cause infectious diseases in humans have developed antibiotic resistance. The T3SS is an attractive target for developing new antibiotics because it is essential in virulence, and part of its structural component is exposed on the bacterial surface. The structural component of the T3SS is the needle apparatus, which is assembled from over 20 different proteins and consists of a base, an extracellular needle, a tip, and a translocon. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure and assembly of the needle, tip, and translocon.
Revisiting mechanistic studies on dinitrogen reduction to ammonia by an iron dinitrogen complex as nitrogenase mimic
Authors: Vyas Nidhi , Pandey Bhawana , Ojha Animesh , Grover Abhinav 
Published: July 2019

AbstractConversion of free nitrogen to ammonia is a required chemical reaction for both biologically and industrially but their mechanism, specifically the attachment of electron and proton transfer during the cycle, is still doubtful. In this view, a thorough knowledge of the mechanism is crucial. In this article, we employ a density functional method on [(TPB)FeN2]−, the iron‐dinitrogen complex carrying the tris(phosphine)borone (TPB) ligand, for the ammonia production with the inclusion of electrons and protons. The electronic structures, reactivity, and mechanistic possibilities have been extensively explored using the B3LYP functional. Both asymmetric and symmetric pathways in addition to the possible intermediates species and transition states are considered here. Our results conclude tremendously small energy barrier of 3.5 kJ/mol for the first protonation (S = 1/2) for the N─H bond activation by the [(TPB)FeN2]− species. However, high activation barrier for the third protonation was estimated to be 78.5 kJ/mol, which is explained by the high energy of the unoccupied δx2‐y2 orbital in 1ts4 species. The computed spectroscopic parameters such as absorption, electron paramagnetic resonance, and Mössbauer also established the electronic structure details of the species. The calculated parameters are compatible with the experimental results.
Environmental DNA (eDNA) Assays for Invasive Populations of Black Carp in North America
Authors: Guan Xin , Monroe Emy M. , Bockrath Katherine D. , Mize Erica L. , Rees Christopher B. , Lindsay Denise L. , Baerwaldt Kelly L. , Nico Leo G. , Lance Richard F. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractThe Black Carp Mylopharyngodon piceus is an increasingly widespread invasive species in North America that threatens freshwater mussel populations. We developed four qPCR assays for detecting environmental DNA (eDNA) from these Black Carp populations. Assays were designed to target four mitochondrial DNA loci and were based on 34 complete mitochondrial genome sequences, including 29 generated in this study from samples obtained in three countries. Assays were validated for taxon specificity with in silico comparisons against archived DNA sequences and with in vitro tests of 41 DNA samples from Black Carp, as well as DNA samples from 30 nontarget fish species, all from the Mississippi River basin. All four assays were able to detect the DNA of all Black Carp samples and did not exhibit any positive results with DNA from other tested species. Tests conducted in round‐robin fashion among three different laboratories found that all four assays were able to detect DNA at very low template concentrations (limits of detection = 3 copies/qPCR, limits of quantification = 16–64 copies/qPCR) and, as part of in situ validation, were successful in detecting eDNA from Black Carp in aquaculture ponds. Despite some challenges with other attempts at in situ validation, the assays were also effective in detecting Black Carp eDNA in water samples from a drainage ditch in the upper reaches of the species’ range that was known to contain juvenile Black Carp, as well as in water samples from the Mississippi River and a connected oxbow lake in the lower reaches of the species’ range.
RAD sequencing rejects a long‐distance disjunction in Stellaria (Caryophyllaceae) and yields support for a new southern Rocky Mountains endemic
Authors: Sharples Mathew T. , Tripp Erin A. 
Published: July 2019

Whereas the eastern North American–eastern Asian floristic connection represents one of the most widely studied biogeographical relationships in flowering plant evolution, connections between western North America and Asia have been comparatively rarely investigated, especially through genetic approaches. Stellaria irrigua is one of several plants that has been treated as an exceptionally dramatic example of a disjunction between floristically similar, high alpine biotas of the southern Rocky Mountains and south‐central Siberia. We here employ numerous new field collections and ddRADseq data to test the hypothesis that S. irrigua—a species that has been known for over 180 years—represents a long‐distance disjunction between the southern Rocky Mountains and central Asia. Extensive fieldwork, review and perusal of herbarium materials, and phylogenomic analyses indicate that S. irrigua is broadly distributed across an amphi‐Beringian arc extending from southern and central Asia, east through Beringia, and south throughout mountainous regions of western North America. Sampled Asian populations formed two clades, and North American individuals all formed a clade embedded within this broader Asian lineage. Stellaria irrigua is, however, rendered non‐monophyletic by a lineage that is embedded within the North American populations and is ecologically and morphologically distinctive from S. irrigua. The identity of this newly recognized lineage, which was in prior works attributed to S. irrigua, has been confused since plants of the former were first collected in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado in the late 1800s under Arenaria and Alsine. We provide a new name for this taxon, Stellaria sanjuanensis, a charismatic starwort of dry alpine scree slopes of the southern Rocky Mountains. Additionally, two lectotypes are designated, one holotype and one isotype are identified, and two new synonymies are proposed, to help stabilize the taxonomy and nomenclature of this long‐confused species complex. A key to the starworts of the southern Rocky Mountains is also provided, and Stellaria alsine is reported as new to the region.
Species delimitation in the genus Greenwayodendron based on morphological and genetic markers reveals new species
Authors: Lissambou Brandet‐J. , Couvreur Thomas L.P. , Atteke Christiane , Stévart Tariq , Piñeiro Rosalía , Dauby Gilles , Monthe Franck K. , Ikabanga Davy U. , Sonké Bonaventure , M’batchi Bertrand , Hardy Olivier J. 
Published: July 2019

Combining genetic and morphological markers is a powerful approach for species delimitation, much needed in tropical species complexes. Greenwayodendron (Annonaceae) is a widespread genus of trees distributed from West to East African rainforests. Two species and four infra‐specific taxa are currently recognized. However, preliminary genetic studies and morphological observations suggested the occurrence of additional species, undescribed to date. We tested species delimitation within Greenwayodendron by combining morphological and population genetics data. First, a visual inspection of about a thousand specimens suggested the existence of seven morphogroups: four of them occur in Central Africa and overlap in Gabon while three others are allopatric, occurring respectively in West Africa, East Africa, and the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe. Their morphological differentiation was confirmed by analysis of 27 morphological characters coded from 233 herbarium specimens. Second, after genotyping 800 samples at eight nuclear microsatellites, Bayesian clustering analyses (STRUCTURE) identified four genetic clusters corresponding to the well‐sampled morphogroups but failed to separate the three remaining morphogroups represented by few samples. However, we show that this is an inherent limit of the STRUCTURE algorithm, whereas factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) and pairwise FST and RST measures confirmed the genetic differentiation of all morphogroups. We considered that a clear genetic differentiation occurring between sympatric populations advocates for recognizing distinct species following the biological species concept. Our analyses highlight that the current taxonomic treatment of Greenwayodendron underestimates the total number of species. We identified two new species and support separation at the rank of species of two varieties (G. suaveolens subsp. suaveolens var. gabonica, G. suaveolens subsp. suaveolens var. suaveolens) and one subspecies (G. suaveolens subsp. usambaricum). The taxonomic status of specimens collected in São Tomé and Príncipe remains inconclusive, partly due to the limited fertile material available. Our study highlights the strength of combining morphological and population genetics data for discovering new taxa. Guidelines for using genetic clustering approaches in species delimitation are provided.
A CRISPR/Cas9 method to generate heterozygous alleles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: EauClaire Steven F. , Webb Christopher J. 
Published: July 2019

AbstractSaccharomyces cerevisiae is a genetically facile organism, yet multiple CRISPR/Cas9 techniques are widely used to edit its genome more efficiently and cost effectively than conventional methods. The absence of selective markers makes CRISPR/Cas9 editing particularly useful when making mutations within genes or regulatory sequences. Heterozygous mutations within genes frequently arise in the winners of evolution experiments. The genetic dissection of heterozygous alleles can be important to understanding gene structure and function. Unfortunately, the high efficiency of genome cutting and repair makes the introduction of heterozygous alleles by standard CRISPR/Cas9 technique impossible. To be able to quickly and reliably determine the individual phenotypes of the thousands of heterozygous mutations that can occur during directed evolutions is of particular interest to industrial strain improvement research. In this report, we describe a CRISPR/Cas9 method that introduces specific heterozygous mutations into the S. cerevisiae genome. This method relies upon creating silent point mutations in the protospacer adjacent motif site or removing the protospacer adjacent motif site entirely to stop the multiple rounds of genome editing that prevent heterozygous alleles from being generated. This technique should be able to create heterozygous alleles in other diploid yeasts and different allelic copy numbers in polyploid cells.
Differences of methanogenesis between mesophilic and thermophilic in situ biogas-upgrading systems by hydrogen addition
Authors: Zhu Xianpu , Chen Liumeng , Chen Yichao , Cao Qin , Liu Xiaofeng , Li Dong 
Published: July 2019

Abstract
To investigate the differences in microbial community structure between mesophilic and thermophilic in situ biogas-upgrading systems by H2 addition, two reactors (35 °C and 55 °C) were run for four stages according to different H2 addition rates (H2/CO2 of 0:1, 1:1, and 4:1) and mixing mode (intermittent and continuous). 16S rRNA gene-sequencing technology was applied to analyze microbial community structure. The results showed that the temperature is a crucial factor in impacting succession of microbial community structure and the H2 utilization pathway. For mesophilic digestion, most of added H2 was consumed indirectly by the combination of homoacetogens and strict aceticlastic methanogens. In the thermophilic system, most of added H2 may be used for microbial cell growth, and part of H2 was utilized directly by strict hydrogenotrophic methanogens and facultative aceticlastic methanogens. Continuous stirring was harmful to the stabilization of mesophilic system, but not to the thermophilic one.