bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumocystis Infection Outbreaks in Organ Transplantation Units in France: A Nation-Wide Survey
Authors: Le Gal Solène , Toubas Dominique , Totet Anne , Dalle Frederic , Abou Bacar Ahmed , Le Meur Yann , Nevez Gilles ,   Anofel Association, Accoceberry Isabelle , Bailly Eric , Bellanger Anne Pauline , Bonhomme Julie , Cateau Estelle , Candolfi Ermanno , Damiani Celine , Dannaoui Eric , Dardé Marie-Laure , Debourgogne Anne , Delhaes Laurence , Desoubeaux Guillaume , Favennec Loic , Flori Pierre , Gabriel Frédéric , Iriart Xavier , Lachaud Laurence , Leterrier Marion , Le Pape Patrice , Machouard Marie , Marty Pierre , Maubon Danièle , Millon Laurence , Pomares Christelle , Pons Denis , Rodier Marie-Hélène 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
The burden of nosocomial Pneumocystis infections in transplantation units in France was evaluated through a retrospective survey. Over 12 years, 16 outbreaks occurred, including 13 among renal transplant recipients (RTRs). We performed Pneumocystis jirovecii genotyping in 5 outbreaks, which suggested that specific strains may have been selected by RTRs.
Scandcleft randomized trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: maxillary growth at eight years of age
Authors: Küseler Annelise , Mølsted Kirsten , Marcusson Agneta , Heliövaara Arja , Karsten Agneta , Bellardie Haydn , Sæle Paul , Brinck Eli , Skaare Pål , Rizell Sara , Chalien Midia Najar , Mooney Jeanette , Eyres Philip , Shaw William , Semb Gunvor 
Published: September 2019

Summary

Objectives
To assess differences in craniofacial growth at 8 years of age according to the different protocols for primary cleft surgery in the Scandcleft project.

Design and setting
Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial (RCT) involving 10 centres, including non-syndromic Caucasians with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). In Trial 1, a common surgical method (1a) with soft palate closure at 3–4 months of age and hard palate closure at 12 months of age was tested against similar surgery but with hard palate repair at 36 months (delayed hard palate closure) (1b). In Trial 2, the common method (2a) was tested against simultaneous closure of both hard and soft palate at 1 year (2c). In Trial 3, the common method (3a) was tested against hard palate closure together with lip closure at 3 months of age and soft palate closure at 1 year of age (3d). Participants were randomly allocated by use of a dice. Operator blinding was not possible but all raters of all outcomes were blinded.

Subjects and methods
The total number of participating patients at 8 years of age was 429. Lateral cephalograms (n = 408) were analysed. The cephalometric angles SNA and ANB were chosen for assessing maxillary growth for this part of the presentation.

Results
Within each trial (Trial 1a/1b, Trial 2a/2c, and Trial 3a/3d), there was no difference in cephalometric values between the common and the local arm. There were no statistically significant differences in the SNA and ANB angles between the common arm in Trial 1a (mean SNA 77.8, mean ANB 2.6) and Trial 2a (mean SNA 79.8, mean ANB 3.6) and no difference between Trial 1a and Trial 3a, but a statistical difference could be seen between Trial 2a and Trial 3a (mean SNA 76.9, mean ANB 1.7). However, the confidence interval was rather large. Intra- and inter-rater reliability were within acceptable range.

Conclusions
The timing and the surgical method is not of major importance as far as growth outcomes (SNA and ANB) in UCLP are concerned.

Registration
ISRCTN29932826

Protocol
The protocol was not published before trial commencement.
MDR Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST34 carrying mcr-1 isolated from cases of bloodstream and intestinal infection in children in China
Authors: Luo Qixia , Wan Fen , Yu Xiao , Zheng Beiwen , Chen Yunbo , Gong Chenhui , Fu Hao , Xiao Yonghong , Li Lanjuan 
Published: September 2019

Abstract

Objectives
Children are vulnerable to Salmonella infection due to their immature immune system. Cases of infection with mcr-1-harbouring Salmonella in child inpatients have not been reported in China before.

Methods
Salmonella isolates from gastroenteritis and bacteraemia were screened using primers targeting mcr-1. Complete genome sequences of mcr-1-harbouring isolates were determined using the PacBio RS II platform. The transferability of mcr-1-harbouring plasmids was verified by conjugation.

Results
We investigated two mcr-1-carrying polymyxin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST34 isolates, S61394 and S44712, from bloodstream and intestinal Salmonella infection of two child inpatients, respectively. Both isolates were non-susceptible to commonly used antibiotics for children that compromised the success of clinical treatment and infection control. The mcr-1-harbouring plasmids pLS61394-MCR and pLS44712-MCR (from S61394 and S44712, respectively) were both conjugative pHNSHP45-2-like IncHI2-type epidemic plasmids carrying multiple resistance genes. Compared with pHNSHP45-2, a ∼33 kb insertion region encoding Tn7 transposition protein and heavy metal resistance proteins was identified in pLS61394-MCR, which might enhance adaptation of bacteria carrying this plasmid to various ecological niches. The phylogenetic tree of worldwide mcr-harbouring Salmonella indicated a host preference of mcr and a worldwide and cross-sectoral prevalence of the mcr-positive Salmonella ST34 clone.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, for the first time we report completed whole genomes of mcr-1-positive MDR Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 isolated from infected children in China, suggesting that improved surveillance is imperative for tackling the dissemination of mcr-harbouring MDR Salmonella Typhimurium ST34.
A spectroscopic census of the Fornax cluster and beyond: preparing for next generation surveys
Authors: Maddox Natasha , Serra Paolo , Venhola Aku , Peletier Reynier , Loubser Ilani , Iodice Enrichetta 
Published: September 2019

ABSTRACT
The Fornax cluster is the nearest large cluster in the southern sky, and is currently experiencing active assembly of mass. It is thus the target of a number of ongoing observing campaigns at optical, near-infrared, and radio wavelengths, using state-of-the-art facilities in the Southern hemisphere. Spectroscopic redshifts are essential not only for determining cluster membership, but also kinematics within the cluster and identifying substructures. We present a compilation of all available major spectroscopic campaigns undertaken within the Fornax region, including new and previously unpublished spectroscopy. This provides not only a comprehensive census of Fornax cluster membership as a resource for the many ongoing studies of this dynamic system, but also probes the large-scale structure in the background volume.
iRAPs curb antisense transcription in E. coli
Authors: Magán Andrés , Amman Fabian , El-Isa Fatinah , Hartl Natascha , Shamovsky Ilya , Nudler Evgeny , Schroeder Renée , Sedlyarova Nadezda 
Published: September 2019

AbstractRNA polymerase-binding RNA aptamers (RAPs) are natural RNA elements that control transcription in cis by directly contacting RNA polymerase. Many RAPs inhibit transcription by inducing Rho-dependent termination in Escherichia coli. Here, we studied the role of inhibitory RAPs (iRAPs) in modulation of antisense transcription (AT) using in silico and in vivo approaches. We revisited the antisense transcriptome in cells with impaired AT regulators (Rho, H-NS and RNaseIII) and searched for the presence of RAPs within antisense RNAs. Many of these RAPs were found at key genomic positions where they terminate AT. By exploring the activity of several RAPs both in a reporter system and in their natural genomic context, we confirmed their significant role in AT regulation. RAPs coordinate Rho activity at the antisense strand and terminate antisense transcripts. In some cases, they stimulated sense expression by alleviating ongoing transcriptional interference. Essentially, our data postulate RAPs as key determinants of Rho-mediated AT regulation in E. coli.
Reducing the Nicotine Content of Cigarettes: Effects in Smokers With Mental Health Conditions and Socioeconomic Disadvantages
Authors: Tidey Jennifer W , Muscat Joshua E , Foulds Jonathan , Evins A Eden , Gaalema Diann E , Denlinger-Apte Rachel L 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
In this commentary, we review results from laboratory studies and randomized clinical trials that have examined the effects of very low–nicotine-content cigarette use in smokers with mental health conditions and socioeconomic disadvantages. On the basis of scientific evidence to date, we conclude that a reduced-nicotine standard for cigarettes would likely reduce cigarette smoking in these populations, without increasing psychiatric symptoms or compensatory smoking.
Early life stages of Calanus pacificus are neither exposed nor sensitive to low pH waters
Authors: McLaskey Anna K , McElhany Paul , Busch D Shallin , Maher Michael , Winans Amanda K , Keister Julie E 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
We characterized the vertical distribution of Calanus pacificus eggs and larvae and the carbonate chemistry that they are exposed to in Puget Sound, WA. We found that, under stratified conditions, more than 90% of eggs and nauplii stages 1–4 were distributed above the pycnocline, in seawater with pH higher than 7.7. In addition, eggs and larvae from 101 females were reared for 5 days under a range of pH conditions (7.2–8.0) to investigate how pH sensitivity varies among individuals. We observed a slight increase in naupliar survival at pH 7.3 in Individual Brood experiments, while in Mixed Brood experiments, exposure to pH 7.3 led to a small decline in hatching success. In a Split Brood experiment, inter-individual variability among different females’ broods masked pH effects. These results indicate that C. pacificus early life stages are generally tolerant to short-term direct effects of ocean acidification.
Exploring the Boundaries of Missing Persons: Hidden Interplay Between Policing and Private Entities in Relation to Cases on the Periphery
Authors: Collie Craig J R 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
This discursive article explores the argument that, by gently tweaking core parameters of what it means to be a missing person—specifically relating to definition and risk—the role played by private organizations and entities in managing the problem of missing persons can be interrogated. The examination begins by inquiring into the extent to which police take ownership of missing persons as an issue, utilizing net-widening and pluralization concepts to investigate the limits of the police role. To inquire into the role of definitional widening, the case of lost children in commercial spaces is used, arguing that private providers are routinely responsibilized with managing lost child cases that would otherwise enter into missing person statistics. To explore tweaks to the definition of risk in relation to missing, the debtor tracing industry is explored. The final argument is made that further exploration of the periphery of ‘missingness’ ought to be undertaken.
Macroeconomic Tail Risks and Asset Prices
Authors: Schreindorfer David 
Published: September 2019

AbstractI document that dividend growth and returns on the aggregate U.S. stock market are more correlated with consumption growth in bad economic times. In a consumption-based asset pricing model with a generalized disappointment-averse investor and small, IID consumption shocks, this feature results in a realistic equity premium despite low risk aversion. The model is consistent with the main facts about stock market risk premiums inferred from equity index options, remains tightly parameterized, and allows for analytical solutions for asset prices. An extension with non-IID dynamics accounts for excess volatility and return predictability, while preserving the model’s consistency with option moments.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.
Interest of IgG and IgM antiprothrombin autoantibodies in the exploration of antiphospholipid syndrome: a 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Bertin Daniel , Beziane Abdelouahab , Resseguier Noemie , Pelissier Morgane , Morange Pierre-Emmanuel , Mege Jean Louis , Bardin Nathalie 
Published: September 2019

AbstractObjectivesNon-conventional aPL have been described in patients presenting clinical manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome but negative for conventional markers. Among them, detection of autoantibodies against prothrombin has been proposed to improve diagnosis and management of these patients. However autoantibodies against prothrombin are heterogeneous and their use in clinical practice still remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of IgG and IgM autoantibodies directed against the prothrombin only (aPT).MethodsWe retrospectively studied IgM and IgG aPT results, conventional antiphospholipid syndrome markers and clinical data of a large cohort of 441 patients referred for antiphospholipid syndrome exploration with aPT detection over a period of 5 years.ResultsWe observed a total prevalence of 17% of aPT-positive patients (75/441). A significant association was found between aPT and thrombosis (P = 0.035), with 70% of patients having unexplained thrombosis, aPT representing the sole aPL detected. aPT positivity was significantly more frequent in venous thrombosis than in arterial thrombosis (P = 0.004). Interestingly, we demonstrated for the first time that aPT IgG levels were higher in recurrent thrombosis than in isolated thrombosis (P = 0.013), leading us to propose a predictive level of recurrence for thrombosis.ConclusionOur results show that aPT are associated with thrombosis and demonstrate the interest of assessing both IgG and IgM aPT, in particular in venous thrombosis when conventional markers are negative. Quantification of aPT could predict recurrence of thrombosis and influence subsequent treatment strategy. Prospective clinical studies are now required to confirm these results.
Transitioning From a Traditional to a Concept-Based Curriculum: Faculty’s Experience
Authors: Wilhelm Susan , Rodehorst-Weber T. Kim , Longoria Alexa 
Published: September 2019

Abstract
Nursing education is transforming from traditional systems paradigms to concept-based curricula. We explored how this change impacts faculty using focus groups with questions adapted from Bridges' transitions model. Results revealed that many faculty did not feel there was a clear vision for the transition and felt inadequately prepared for the change. Uncertainty about their new role led some to feel displaced. To ease future transitions, we suggest that leadership clearly communicate the rationale for the change, ensure that there is a shared vision, provide an appropriate timeline for the transition, and support faculty as their roles are redefined.
Simultaneous Bilateral Thrombosed Orbital Varices: A Case Report
Authors: Arun Jain , Peter A. D. Rubin 
Published: September 2019

Orbital varices are thin-walled venous structures that are asymptomatic in most individuals. Sometimes thrombosis of an orbital varix is the initial presentation of a previously unknown orbital varix. The authors present a case of a 47-year-old male who presented with sudden onset of pain and proptosis of his right eye over a period of 2–3 hours, possibly secondary to asphyxiation. A CT scan of the orbits revealed bilateral orbital masses in the posterior inferior orbit consistent with thrombosed orbital varix. A follow-up CT scan 3 weeks later confirmed the diagnosis. Conservative management led to complete resolution of symptoms.
The authors describe a case report of simultaneous bilateral thrombosed orbital varices secondary to asphyxiation.
Reducing Artifacts in Intracochlear Pressure Measurements to Study Sound Transmission by Bone Conduction Stimulation in Humans
Authors: Borgers Charlotte , Fierens Guy , Putzeys Tristan , van Wieringen Astrid , Verhaert Nicolas 
Published: September 2019

Hypothesis:
Intracochlear pressure (ICP) measurements during bone conduction (BC) stimulation may be affected by motion of the pressure sensor relative to the cochlear promontory bone, demonstrating the need to cement the sensor firmly to the cochlear bone.

Background:
ICP is a promising measurement tool for investigating the cochlear drive in BC transmission, but its use is not yet standardized. Previous ICP studies have reported artificially increased pressure due to motion of the sensor relative to the temporal bone. The artifact can be reduced by firmly cementing the sensor to the bone, but this is destructive for the sensor. Previous studies used a custom-made sensor; the use of commercially available sensors, however, is more generic, but also more challenging to combine with the cement. Therefore, the goals of the current study are: firstly, to evaluate a non-destructive cementing method suitable for a commercially available sensor, and secondly, to investigate ICP measurements during BC stimulation in more detail.

Methods:
To study the effect of sensor cementing, three fixation conditions were investigated on six fresh-frozen temporal bones: 1) alginate, 2) alginate and dental composite, 3) alginate and dental composite, released from micromanipulators. Pressures in scala tympani and vestibuli were measured simultaneously, while velocity measurements were performed on the cochlear promontory and sensor. The ratio between sensor and promontory bone velocity was computed to quantify the relative motion.

Results:
For air conduction stimulation, results were in line with those from previous ICP studies, indicating that baseline measurements were valid and could be used to interpret the results obtained with BC stimulation. Results showed that cementing the sensors and releasing them from the micromanipulators is crucial for valid ICP measurements. When the sensors were only sealed with alginate, the pressure was overestimated, especially at low and mid-frequencies. When the sensors were cemented and held in the micromanipulators, the pressure was underestimated. Compared with the scala tympani measurements, ICP measurements showed a lower scala vestibuli pressure below 1 kHz, and a higher pressure above 1 kHz.

Conclusion:
Dental composite is effective as a cement to attach commercially available sensors to the cochlear promontory bone. When sensors are firmly attached, valid ICP measurements can be obtained with BC stimulation.
Advances in the Pharmacogenomics of Antiplatelet Therapy
Authors: Akhtar Tauseef , Bandyopadhyay Dhrubajyoti , Ghosh Raktim K. , Aronow Wilbert S. , Lavie Carl J. , Yadav Neha 
Published: September 2019

Background:
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a highly thrombotic state, and a sustained antiplatelet effect is vital to the prevention of thrombotic complications. Clopidogrel, the most widely used oral P2Y12 receptor antagonist in ACS, has attracted considerable attention because of significant variability in antiplatelet effect depending on the presence of CYP2C19 allele. Other P2Y12 receptor antagonists offer sustained and more predictable antiplatelet effects than clopidogrel albeit at an increased cost. Several studies have demonstrated the promising application of pharmacogenetics in choosing personalized antiplatelet therapy using the point-of-care genotype assays.

Areas of Uncertainty:
Guidelines regarding the genotype-guided approach to the selection of antiplatelet therapy have been conflicting, and studies evaluating the effect of pharmacogenetic-guided selection of antiplatelet therapy on the outcomes have demonstrated mixed results.

Data Sources:
A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies reporting the association of pharmacogenetic-guided selection of antiplatelet therapy and the outcomes in patients with ACS until December 2018.

Results:
Presence of specific CYP2C19 allele significantly influences clopidogrel metabolism and associated outcomes in patients with ACS. Thrombotic and bleeding complications are more common in patients with loss-of-function (LOF) and gain-of-function (GOF) alleles, respectively. Although the pharmacogenetic-guided approach to the selection of antiplatelet therapy appears promising in ACS, studies have shown conflicting results, and direct randomized evidence linking this approach with the better outcomes is lacking.

Conclusions:
Genotype-guided selection of antiplatelet therapy is expected to be useful in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with a high risk of adverse outcomes. The patient–physician discussion should be an essential part of this decision-making process. Large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trials using the point-of-care genotype assay are needed to investigate this approach further before its use can be recommended in all comers.
RN-to-BSN Students' Intent to Become Faculty
Authors: Bond Diana K. , Peery Annette I. , VanRiel Yolanda M. , Gazza Elizabeth A. , Phillips Beth Cusatis , Winters-Thornburg Carol E. , Swanson Melvin S. 
Published: September 2019

Background
A nursing faculty shortage means fewer nurses, exacerbating nursing shortages.

Purpose
The purpose was to determine RN-to-BSN students' intent for a future nurse faculty role. A secondary purpose was to evaluate differences between students who indicated high and low intent to pursue a faculty role.

Methods
The study was multisite and multimethod using 5 instruments.

Results
Of 137 RN-to-BSN students who completed the online survey, 20% indicated they intended to pursue a future faculty role. Students with high intent to pursue a faculty role reported higher self-efficacy and interests in faculty activities. Only 6 of the high-intent students had been encouraged to pursue a future faculty role.

Conclusions
RN-to-BSN students may be receptive to encouragement to consider a nursing faculty role in the future.
Becoming Trauma Informed: Validating a Tool to Assess Health Professional’s Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice
Authors: King Simmy , Chen Kuan-Lung Daniel , Chokshi Binny 
Published: September 2019

Introduction:
To effectively address the negative health effects of early childhood trauma and adversity, healthcare professionals and healthcare institutions must understand the impact of adverse childhood experiences and trauma on health. This study aimed to validate a tool to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of trauma-informed care among interdisciplinary pediatric healthcare staff.

Methods:
A 36-item survey tool, “Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Trauma-Informed Practice,” was adopted and modified with permission from the author. We administered the survey electronically to 2,659 staff at a pediatric healthcare institution. To assess the tool’s reliability and validity, internal consistency reliability testing, content validity, and construct validity assessments were conducted.

Results:
A total of 592 surveys were collected, representing a 22.3% response rate. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that 21 items provided the strongest internal consistency reliability for the overall tool and each factor. The overall Cronbach’s alpha for the 21-item tool was 0.86, with 0.84 for the knowledge factor, 0.74 for the attitude factor, and 0.78 for the practice factor. The goodness of fit based on this analysis was good to adequate, with a 0.077 root mean square error of approximation.

Conclusions:
Healthcare professionals and organizations are in a unique position to improve the health and well-being of their patients by implementing a trauma-informed approach to minimize the impact of adverse childhood experiences and trauma. This validated tool will allow organizations to identify gaps in knowledge, attitude, and practice among staff to subsequently begin developing pointed strategies to achieve a culture of trauma-informed practice.