bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumonia and Renal Replacement Therapy Are Risk Factors for Ceftazidime-Avibactam Treatment Failures and Resistance among Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Infections
Authors: Shields Ryan K. , Nguyen M. Hong , Chen Liang , Press Ellen G. , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Clancy Cornelius J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Ceftazidime-avibactam was used to treat 77 patients with carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
(CRE) infections at our center. Thirty- and 90-day survival rates were 81% and 69%, respectively; these rates were higher than those predicted by SAPS II and SOFA scores at the onset of infection. Clinical success was achieved for 55% of patients but differed by the site of infection. Success rates were lowest for pneumonia (36%) and higher for bacteremia (75%) and urinary tract infections (88%). By multivariate analysis, pneumonia (
P
= 0.045) and receipt of renal replacement therapy (RRT) (
P
= 0.046) were associated with clinical failure. Microbiologic failures occurred in 32% of patients and occurred more commonly among patients infected with KPC-3-producing CRE than among those infected with KPC-2-producing CRE (
P
= 0.002). Pneumonia was an independent predictor of microbiologic failure (
P
= 0.007). Ceftazidime-avibactam resistance emerged in 10% of patients, including 14% of those infected with
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and 32% of those with microbiologic failure. RRT was an independent predictor of the development of resistance (
P
= 0.009). Resistance was identified exclusively among
K. pneumoniae
bacteria harboring variant KPC-3 enzymes. Upon phylogenetic analysis of whole-genome sequences, resistant isolates from 87.5% (7/8) of patients clustered within a previously defined sequence type 258 (ST258) clade II sublineage; resistant isolates from one patient clustered independently from other ST258 clade II isolates. In conclusion, our report offers new insights into the utility and limitations of ceftazidime-avibactam across CRE infection types. Immediate priorities are to identify ceftazidime-avibactam dosing and therapeutic regimens that improve on the poor outcomes among patients with pneumonia and those receiving RRT.
Efficacy of a Sonicating Swab for Removal and Capture of Microorganisms from Experimental and Natural Contaminated Surfaces
Authors: Ahnrud Gianna P. , Mendoza Alma J. , Hurley Matthew J. , Marek Patrick J. 
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Enhancements in swabbing technology to increase sample collection efficacy would benefit the food industry. Specifically, these enhancements would assist the food industry in implementing the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) requirements by improving environmental monitoring effectiveness. A sonicating swab device, an example of an enhanced swabbing technology, was demonstrated previously to remove biofilm from stainless steel more efficiently than a standard cotton swab. Within this study, the performance of the sonicating swab was compared to that of the standard cotton swab for the recovery of
Listeria monocytogenes
from inoculated surfaces (plastic cutting board, wood cutting board, vinyl floor tile, and quarry clay floor tile). Additionally, we demonstrate the sonicating swab performance for collection of a microbiological sample from used commercial plastic cutting boards (noninoculated) in comparison to cotton swabs, foam swabs, and sponges. The sonicating swab captured significantly (
P
≤ 0.05) more
L. monocytogenes
than the cotton swab for both the quarry tile and wood cutting board, while no significant differences were observed for the plastic cutting board or the vinyl floor tile. The sonicating swab consistently recovered significantly (
P
≤ 0.05) more bacteria from the used cutting boards than did the standard cotton swab or the 3M Enviro swab, and it recovered significantly (
P
≤ 0.05) more bacteria than the sponge swab for a majority of the time (4 of 6 trials). The results of this study indicate that swab technology can still be improved and that the sonicating swab is a viable technological enhancement which aids microbiological sample collection.

IMPORTANCE
Swabbing of surface areas for microbial contamination has been the standard for the detection and enumeration of microorganisms for many years. Inadequate surface sampling can result in foodborne illness outbreaks due to biotransfer of harmful microorganisms from food contact surfaces to foods. Swab material type, surface characteristics, and swabbing method used are a few of the factors associated with swabbing that can result in the variability of bacterial cell recovery for detection and enumeration. A previous study highlighted a sonicating swab prototype and its ability to recover cells from a stainless steel surface more efficiently and reliably than a standard swab method (T. A. Branck, M. J. Hurley, G. N. Prata, C. A. Crivello, and P. J. Marek, Appl Environ Microbiol 83:e00109-17, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00109-17
). This study expands upon the capabilities of the sonicating swab technology to recover cells from multiple surface types with increased performance over traditional swabbing methods as a tool to further assist in the prevention of foodborne illness outbreaks.
Is healthy children surveillance being duplicated by family physicians and paediatricians? A cross-sectional study in Portugal
Authors: Rebelo Susana , Velho Rua Sofia , d’Orey Leça Joana , Couto Ana , Teixeira Rute , Firmino-Machado João 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo determine if children attend the family physician (FP) or the FP/paediatrician for their surveillance medical appointments, as well as analyse the variables associated with the parents’ choice between the two physicians.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingPublic, semiprivate and private kindergartens in the city of Vila Nova de Famalicão (Portugal).ParticipantsParents of children aged 6 years or less without chronic diseases, enrolled in the selected kindergartens.Main outcome measuresProportion of children attending the FP or FP/paediatrician for their surveillance appointments; association between the chosen physician and sociodemographic and household variables (parents’ age, educational level, professional situation and marital status; household net income; number of children; the child’s age; presence of private health insurance), assessment of the parents’ perception of clinical knowledge and accessibility regarding the FP and the paediatrician.ResultsA total of 697 children were included in the analysis: 30.6% attended only the FP and 69.4% attended both the FP and the paediatrician. Using a Poisson regression, the mother’s age (PR=1.02, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.03), higher educational level (prevalence ratio (PR=1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33), private health insurance (PR=1.30, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.46), number of children (PR=0.86, 95% CI 0.78 to 0.94) and the child’s age (PR=0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.98) were statistically associated with attending both the FP and the paediatrician; parents of children who attended only FP rated the FP with a higher accessibility and knowledge mean score than those who consulted both physicians (2.91vs2.38, P<0.001, and 4.11vs3.85, P<0.001).ConclusionsOur data show that 70% of our sample simultaneously attended an FP and a paediatrician. FPs are equally qualified to provide medical care to healthy children but this information is not properly transmitted to the general population.
Prospective registration trends, reasons for retrospective registration and mechanisms to increase prospective registration compliance: descriptive analysis and survey
Authors: Hunter Kylie Elizabeth , Seidler Anna Lene , Askie Lisa M 
Published: March 2018

ObjectivesTo analyse prospective versus retrospective trial registration trends on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) and to evaluate the reasons for non-compliance with prospective registration.DesignPart 1: Descriptive analysis of trial registration trends from 2006 to 2015. Part 2: Online registrant survey.ParticipantsPart 1: All interventional trials registered on ANZCTR from 2006 to 2015. Part 2: Random sample of those who had retrospectively registered a trial on ANZCTR between 2010 and 2015.Main outcome measuresPart 1: Proportion of prospective versus retrospective clinical trial registrations (ie, registration before versus after enrolment of the first participant) on the ANZCTR overall and by various key metrics, such as sponsor, funder, recruitment country and sample size. Part 2: Reasons for non-compliance with prospective registration and perceived usefulness of various proposed mechanisms to improve prospective registration compliance.ResultsPart 1: Analysis of the complete dataset of 9450 trials revealed that compliance with prospective registration increased from 48% (216 out of 446 trials) in 2006 to 63% (723/1148) in 2012 and has since plateaued at around 64%. Patterns of compliance were relatively consistent across sponsor and funder types (industry vs non-industry), type of intervention (drug vs non-drug) and size of trial (n<100, 100–500, >500). However, primary sponsors from Australia/New Zealand were almost twice as likely to register prospectively (62%; 4613/7452) compared with sponsors from other countries with a WHO Network Registry (35%; 377/1084) or sponsors from countries without a WHO Registry (29%; 230/781). Part 2: The majority (56%; 84/149) of survey respondents cited lack of awareness as a reason for not registering their study prospectively. Seventy-four per cent (111/149) stated that linking registration to ethics approval would facilitate prospective registration.ConclusionsDespite some progress, compliance with prospective registration remains suboptimal. Linking registration to ethics approval was the favoured strategy among those sampled for improving compliance.
Flavor effects in leptogenesis
Authors: Dev P. S. B. , Di Bari P. , Garbrecht B. , Lavignac S. , Millington P. , Teresi D. 
Published: March 2018

Flavor effects can have a significant impact on the final estimate of the lepton (and therefore baryon) asymmetry in scenarios of leptogenesis. It is therefore necessary to account fully for this flavor dynamics in the relevant transport equations that describe the production (and washout) of the asymmetry. Doing so can both open up and restrict viable regions of parameter space relative to the predictions of more approximate calculations. In this paper, we identify the regimes in which flavor effects can be relevant and illustrate their impact in a number of phenomenological models. These include type I and type II seesaw embeddings, and low-scale resonant scenarios. In addition, we provide an overview of the semi-classical and field-theoretic methods that have been developed to capture flavor effects in a consistent way.
Cost-Effective and Passive RF-Based Drone Presence Detection and Characterization
Authors: Nguyen Phuc , Truong Hoang , Ravindranathan Mahesh , Nguyen Anh , Han Richard , Vu Tam 
Published: March 2018

Excerpted from "Matthan: Drone Presence Detection by Identifying Physical Signatures in the Drone's RF Communication," from MobiSys 2017, Proceedings of the 15th Annual ACM International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, with permission. https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3081354 © ACM 2017.
The rapidly increasing attention regarding drone privacy and security issues requires a robust solution in both detecting and characterizing unauthorized drones. We have designed a RF-based, cost-effective and passive drone detection system, named Matthan, based on two key physical signatures of the drones, i.e., body shifting and body vibration, in the drone's wireless communication channel. In realizing Matthan, there are many open challenges in wireless sensing and networking, software-defined radio deployment, network synchronization to passively and accurately detect, localize, and characterize drones.
Resveratrol regulates blood pressure by enhancing AMPK signaling to downregulate a Rac1-derived NADPH oxidase in the central nervous system
Authors: Yeh Tung-Chen , Shin Ching-Sen , Chen Hsin-Hung , Lai Chi-Cheng , Sun Gwo-Ching , Tseng Ching-Jiunn , Cheng Pei-Wen 
Published: March 2018

Resveratrol is a polyphenol with pleiotropic effects against oxidative damage that has been widely implicated in lowering hypertension risk. The purpose of this study was to determine whether improve nitric oxide (NO) release in the brain, either through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or reduced Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby reducing blood pressure (BP) in rats with fructose-induced hypertension. The rats were fed with 10% fructose or Crestor (rosuvastatin; 1.5 mg·kg−1·day−1) and resveratrol (10 mg·kg−1·day−1) treatment for 1 wk, then the systolic blood pressure of the rats was measured by tail-cuff method. Endogenous in vivo superoxide radical production in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) was determined with dihydroethidium. Immunoblotting analyses were used to quantify protein expression levels. Oral resveratrol treatment for 1 wk decreased BP and increased NO production in the NTS of fructose-fed rats but not in the control Wistar-Kyoto rats. The effect of Crestor is opposite that of resveratrol. Fructose induced hypertension by inactivating AMPK, which in turn enhanced the generation of ROS and reduced manganese superoxide dismutase by increasing the activity of Rac1-induced NADPH oxidase, abolishing the activity of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (RSK) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) phosphorylation signaling pathway in the brain. However, resveratrol had the opposite effect in the fructose-fed rats. Overall, we show that the resveratrol decreased BP better than Crestor, abolished ROS generation, and enhanced the ERK1/2-RSK-nNOS pathway by activating AMPK to downregulate Rac1-induced NADPH oxidase levels in the NTS during oxidative stress–associated hypertension. NEW & NOTEWORTHY 1) Evidence showed that the Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) augmented by Crestor (rosuvastatin) did not result in a significant change in blood pressure (BP) in fructose-induced hypertension. 2) Fructose induced hypertension by inactivating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn enhanced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced manganese superoxide dismutase in the brain. 3) Resveratrol decreased BP better than Crestor, abolished ROS generation, and enhanced the ERK1/2-ribosomal protein S6 kinase-neuronal nitric oxide synthase pathway by activating AMPK to negatively regulate Rac1-induced NADPH oxidase levels in the nucleus tractus solitarii during oxidative stress–associated hypertension.
Sex Differences in the Association Between Measures of General and Central Adiposity and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction: Results From the UK Biobank
Authors: Peters Sanne A. E. , Bots Sophie H. , Woodward Mark 
Published: March 2018

Background

There are substantial differences in the distribution of adipose tissue between women and men. We assessed the sex‐specific relationships and their differences between measures of general and central adiposity and the risk of incident myocardial infarction (
MI
).

Methods and Results

Between 2006 and 2010, the
UK
Biobank recruited over 500 000 participants aged 40 to 69 years across the United Kingdom. During 7 years of follow‐up, 5710 cases of
MI
(28% women) were recorded among 265 988 women and 213 622 men without a history of cardiovascular disease at baseline. Cox regression models yielded adjusted hazard ratios for
MI
associated with body mass index, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and waist‐to‐height ratio. There was an approximate log‐linear relationship between measures of general and central adiposity and the risk of
MI
in both sexes. A 1‐
SD
higher in body mass index, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and waist‐to‐height ratio, respectively, were associated with hazard ratios (confidence intervals) for
MI
of 1.22 (1.17; 1.28), 1.35 (1.28; 1.42), 1.49 (1.39; 1.59), and 1.34 (1.27; 1.40) in women and of 1.28 (1.23; 1.32), 1.28 (1.23; 1.33), 1.36 (1.30; 1.43), and 1.33 (1.28; 1.38) in men. The corresponding women‐to‐men ratios of hazard ratios were 0.96 (0.91; 1.02), 1.07 (1.00; 1.14), 1.15 (1.06; 1.24), and 1.03 (0.97; 1.09).

Conclusions

Although general and central adiposity measures each have profound deleterious effects on the risk of
MI
in both sexes, a higher waist circumference and waist‐to‐hip ratio conferred a greater excess risk of
MI
in women than in men. Waist‐to‐hip ratio was more strongly associated with the risk of
MI
than body mass index in both sexes, especially in women.
Dogs on Campus
Authors: Binfet John-Tyler , Struik Kathryn 
Published: March 2018

Abstract
Once used mostly in clinical settings such as hospitals and geriatric care centers, canine animal-assisted therapy programs have become increasingly commonplace on university campuses to reduce stress and support students’ social and emotional well-being. Researchers responding to the call for increased empirical rigor in studies assessing the effects of animal-assisted therapy and practitioners seeking to initiate well-being programs on campus can face challenges in accessing therapy dogs and their volunteer handlers. This article outlines how therapy canines and their handlers may be holistically assessed for participation in university-based initiatives and presents a model that includes the prescreening of volunteer handlers, training sessions for handlers, the use of multiple raters to assess canine temperament and behavior, the use of mock sessions, and the use of ongoing formative evaluation and feedback for handlers once they are accepted into the program.
Eastern Boundary Circulation and Hydrography Off Angola: Building Angolan Oceanographic Capacities
Authors: Tchipalanga P. , Dengler M. , Brandt P. , Kopte R. , Macuéria M. , Coelho P. , Ostrowski M. , Keenlyside N. S. 
Published: March 2018

AbstractThe eastern boundary region off Angola encompasses a highly productive ecosystem important for the food security of the coastal population. The fish-stock distribution, however, undergoes large variability on intraseasonal, interannual, and longer time scales. These fluctuations are partly associated with large-scale warm anomalies that are often forced remotely from the equatorial Atlantic and propagate southward, reaching the Benguela upwelling off Namibia. Such warm events, named Benguela Niños, occurred in 1995 and in 2011. Here we present results from an underexplored extensive in situ dataset that was analyzed in the framework of a capacity-strengthening effort. The dataset was acquired within the Nansen Programme executed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and funded by the Norwegian government. It consists of hydrographic and velocity data from the Angolan continental margin acquired biannually during the main downwelling and upwelling seasons over more than 20 years. The mean seasonal changes of the Angola Current from 6° to 17°S are presented. During austral summer the southward Angola Current is concentrated in the upper 150 m. It strengthens from north to south, reaching a velocity maximum just north of the Angola Benguela Front. During austral winter the Angola Current is weaker, but deeper reaching. While the southward strengthening of the Angola Current can be related to the wind forcing, its seasonal variability is most likely explained by coastally trapped waves. On interannual time scales, the hydrographic data reveal remarkable variability in subsurface upper-ocean heat content. In particular, the 2011 Benguela Niño was preceded by a strong subsurface warming of about 2 years’ duration.
Highly efficient film-like nanocellulose-based adsorbents for the removal of loose reactive dye during textile laundering
Authors: Vivod Vera , Neral Branko , Mihelič Aleš , Kokol Vanja 
Published: March 2018

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were surface functionalized with hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and, further, integrated with native CNFs in various weight mass ratios to fabricate water-stable films by the solvent casting method, to be used for the removal of tri-chromatic and anionic black reactive dye with the highest bleeding effect in the very first minutes of textile laundering, and in a weight mass compared to a commercial color-catcher sheet (Delta Pronatura (DP)). The effects of CNF-HMDA content on film bath absorption, surface potential and contact angle properties, as well as dye removal kinetics from different laundering baths (A – without and B – with a detergent) in up to 140 min were studied at 20℃ versus 60℃ and using different dye concentrations (0.1–1 g/L). It was found that bath absorption is decreased significantly (up to 60%) by increasing the CNF-HMDA content in the films, as compared to using a DP color-catcher sheet, due to a morphologically denser structure with surface-positioned hydrophobic ethylene moieties of HMDA, as well as reducing electrostatic attraction groups of CNF and HMDA. Such a surface interacts kinetically faster with anionic and hydrophobic dye molecules already at 20℃, reaching up to 37–80% removal of all dye colorants in the first 20 min. In contrast, the dye removal efficacy of the DP color-catcher sheet is due to it interacting with a cationic polymer being released from the surface, which is better only for a bluish color, and at 60℃, while being between 30% and 48%, as its release is hindered and reduced by the deposition of surfactants from the detergent.
Prevalence and Predictors of Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension in Armenian Americans in Los Angeles
Authors: Naccashian Zarmine , Hattar-Pollara Marianne , Ho Chong (Alex) , Ayvazian Sareen Pateel 
Published: March 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) along with associated risk factors among Armenian Americans living in Los Angeles. Methods After Institutional Review Board approval, a sample of 877 Armenian Americans was collected for 5 consecutive years (2011-2015) at a health fair. Collected data included: sociodemographic variables; cardiometabolic data, including systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, glucose (Glu), and lipids; anthropometric data, including height (Ht), weight (Wt), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC). Retrospective descriptive correlation, test of significance, and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results Findings showed that about 50% of the participants had abnormal waist/hip ratio and approximately one-quarter of the subjects had glucose levels that were indicative of high risk for DM. Logistic regression analysis revealed that high SBP ( P = .04), above normal WC ( P = .03), and high triglycerides ( P = .04) were significant in predicting DM. Moreover, age ( P =.0001), family history of cardiovascular disease ( P= .01), and above normal WC ( P = .04) were found to be significant predictors of HTN. Conclusion Waist circumference indicated to be a strong predictor for DM and HTN. Early detection and timely interventions are important to prevent DM and HTN and their associated complications. For an underserved population, health fairs become one effective avenue for screening, referral, and evaluation.