bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
No better time than now: Future uncertainty and private investment under dictatorship
Authors: Albertus Michael , Gay Victor 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite received wisdom that long time horizons and formal institutions can induce private investment under dictatorship, there is substantial investment even in relatively unconstrained regimes. This paper provides a novel explanation for the puzzle of investment in these regimes: economic elites’ uncertainty over expected investment returns under plausible alternative authoritarian successors. We construct a noisy signaling model that captures how uncertainty over which type of authoritarian successor will rule next and uncertainty in the truthfulness of policy promises made by potential autocratic successors might provide incentives for elite investment.
Evaluation of Mental Health First Aid skills in an Australian university population
Authors: Ashoorian Deena , Albrecht Kristy‐Lee , Baxter Casey , Giftakis Erin , Clifford Rhonda , Greenwell‐Barnden Jayden , Wylde Tricia 
Published: October 2018

AimUniversity students have high rates of mental health problems; however, most delay or fail to seek help altogether. Tertiary settings can offer educational and social programmes to increase mental health awareness and in turn increase the number of students seeking help for their problems. This study aimed to explore students' and staffs' knowledge of mental health issues, confidence to intervene and application of skills following Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training.MethodsStudents and staff at an Australian university who had completed MHFA training in the previous 24 months were invited to complete a validated online questionnaire.ResultsOf the 566 eligible participants, 107 (19%) completed the questionnaire. The majority (65%) had applied their skills to someone in need, with the highest number applying it to students. Notably, of those who had applied their skills 23 participants (33%) had applied them in a crisis situation, the most common being panic attacks followed by suicidal thoughts. Although most (98%) applied their skills in a face‐to‐face capacity, 53% also reported assisting someone via electronic mediums and social media. The mean score for the literacy test was considered high, 12/16 (SD = 1.7) for students and 13/16 (SD = 2.5) for staff. The majority (94%) reported more confidence in providing support following training.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that MHFA training on a university campus is associated with a high level of knowledge, confidence to intervene and apply MHFA skills to assist a student or friend in need, potentially impacting their long‐term health outcomes and future professional careers.
Prevention of the development of polluting characteristics in cooking water residue from nixtamalisation of corn by removing solid lime particles
Authors: Balderas‐López Juan Manuel , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Arámbula‐Villa Gerónimo , Hernández‐Rosas Francisco , Leyva‐Ovalle Otto Raul , Houbron Eric Pascal , Herrera‐Corredor José Andrés 
Published: October 2018

SummaryRemoving solid lime particles (SLP) may help to prevent polluting characteristics of corn cooking wastewater (nejayote). The objective of this study was to evaluate the polluting characteristics of nejayote and characteristics of nixtamal, masa and tortilla using SLP‐free solutions (SLPF) for the nixtamalisation process. Two SLPF treatments: calcium hydroxide (CHYDROX) and calcium oxide (COXIDE) were compared against traditional nixtamalisation (TRADNIX). Polluting characteristics including pH, settleable solids, total hardness, alkalinity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduced by 29.5% and 24.3%, 61.9% and 63.3%, 46.3% and 54.7%, 43.3% and 55.1%, 41.1% and 67.7% in CHYDROX and COXIDE, respectively, compared to TRADNIX. Masas and tortillas from SLPF treatments were whiter than those from TRADNIX. Moisture in SLPF tortillas was lower by 4.3–6.3% compared to TRADNIX. Tortillas from SLPF treatments had higher maximum tensile strength (0.04–0.08 N mm−2) than TRADNIX. Removing SLP is a viable strategy for preventing pollution from the nixtamalisation process.
When and why are proactive employees more creative? Investigations of relational and motivational mechanisms and contextual contingencies in the east and west
Authors: Sears Greg J. , Shen Winny , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractDespite theory and empirical work linking employee proactive personality to individual‐level creativity, less is known about why and under what circumstances this relationship occurs. Drawing inspiration from the dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations, we report the results of two complementary, multisource field studies conceptualizing and testing interactional justice and intrinsic motivation as mediators of this relationship in two cultural contexts (i.e., China and Canada). We also investigated two potential moderators of these mediated effects: employees’ personal power distance values (in Study 1) and supervisor proactive personality (in Study 2). Although the mediating effect of intrinsic motivation was robust across the two studies, highlighting the cross‐cultural generalizability of this pathway, supplemental analyses in Study 1 indicate that this mechanism was driven by the self‐determination (vs. meaning, competence, or impact) facet of intrinsic task motivation in particular. In contrast, the mediating effect of interactional justice was contingent on both supervisor proactive personality and employee power distance, though at different stages of the process (i.e., Stage 1 vs. Stage 2 moderation, respectively). Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of relational, in addition to motivational pathways, in explaining the influence of proactive personality on creativity, but also suggest that the relational mechanism may be more sensitive to contextual influences.
Effect of autonomic influences to induce triggered activity in muscular sleeves extending into the coronary sinus of the canine heart and its suppression by ranolazine
Authors: Sicouri Serge , Belardinelli Luiz , Antzelevitch Charles 
Published: October 2018

AbstractIntroductionExtrasystoles arising from the muscular sleeves associated with the pulmonary veins (PV), superior vena cava (SVC), and coronary sinus (CS) are known to precipitate atrial fibrillation (AF). The late sodium channel current (INa) inhibitor ranolazine has been reported to exert antiarrhythmic effects in canine PV and SVC sleeves by suppressing late phase 3 early and delayed after depolarization (EAD and DAD)‐induced triggered activity induced by parasympathetic and/or sympathetic stimulation. The current study was designed to extend our existing knowledge of the electrophysiological and pharmacologic properties of canine CS preparations and assess their response to inhibition of late INa following autonomic stimulation.MethodsTransmembrane action potentials were recorded from canine superfused CS using standard microelectrode techniques. Acetylcholine (ACh, 1 µM), isoproterenol (Iso, 1 µM), high calcium ([Ca2+]o = 5.4 mM), or a combination were used to induce EADs, DADs, and triggered activity.ResultsAction potentials (AP) recorded from the CS displayed short and long AP durations (APD), with and without phase 4 depolarization (n = 19). Iso induced DAD‐mediated triggered activity. The combination of sympathetic and parasympathetic agonists resulted in late phase 3 EAD‐induced triggered activity in all CS preparations. Ranolazine (5‐10 µM) suppressed late phase 3 EAD‐ and DAD‐induced triggered activity in 8 of 8 preparations. Subthreshold stimulation induced a prominent hyperpolarization that could be suppressed by atropine.ConclusionsOur results suggest the important role of parasympathetic innervation in the activity of the CS. Autonomic influences promote DAD‐ and late phase‐3‐EAD‐mediated triggered activity in canine CS, thus generating extrasystolic activity capable of initiating atrial arrhythmias. Ranolazine effectively suppresses these triggers.
Interprofessional Intervention to Improve Geriatric Consultation Timing on an Acute Medical Service
Authors: Puelle Margaret , Wiggins Jocelyn , Khateeb Rafina , Firn Janice , Saul D'Anna , Chang Robert , Min Lillian 
Published: October 2018

ObjectivesTo determine whether an interprofessional intervention would improve the use and timing of a geriatric consultation on a hospitalist service.DesignDifference‐in‐differences (DID), which measures the difference in improvement over time between intervention and control team patients attributable to the intervention.Setting1,000‐bed U.S. academic medical center.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older admitted to a general medicine hospitalist service (N=7,038; n = 718 on intervention teams, n = 686 historical controls, n = 5,634 on control teams (concurrent and historic).InterventionOn 2 of 11 hospitalist teams, a geriatrician attended multidisciplinary discharge rounds twice weekly and advised on the benefits of a geriatric consultation for individuals aged 60 and older.MeasurementsPrimary outcome was percentage of hospitalizations resulting in a geriatric consultation. Secondary outcome was days to geriatric consultation. Both outcomes were controlled for age, sex, comorbidity, mean daily intensity of inpatient care utilization, and admission in the prior 30 days. In the primary analysis, length of stay was controlled.ResultsIntervention participants were more likely to have a geriatric consultation (DID = 2.35% absolute percentage points, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.59–4.39%) and to have a consultation sooner (DID = 3.61 fewer days, 95% CI = −1 to −7).ConclusionAn interprofessional intervention that focused on hospitalist ordering practices increased use of appropriate geriatric consultation and decreased time to consultation. This model of interprofessional effort is effective. Future adaptations are needed to target scarce geriatric resources without increasing overall use. J Am Geriatr Soc 66:2372–2376, 2018.
Arabidopsis BIG1 and BIG5 are crucial for male gametophyte transmission
Authors: Suo Yiping , Huang Jirong 
Published: October 2018

SummaryArabidopsis contains five Brefeldin A‐inhibited guanine nucleotide exchange factors (BIGs), which play a critical role in vesicle biogenesis for protein traffic from the Golgi to the plasma membrane. Biological processes regulated by BIG1‐BIG4 are postulated to be distinct from those by BIG5. However, we show that the self‐pollinated BIG1+/− big5 silique do not produce homozygous seeds, and some pollen tubes from BIG1+/− big5 anthers grew slowly in vitro and failed to target nearby ovules in vivo. We identified the big1 big5 homozygote from the progeny of BIG1+/− big5 plants transformed with BIG5, whose expression is driven by a pollen‐specific promoter pLat52, indicating that male gametophyte transmission is blocked in the double mutant. Confocal microscopy indicated that BIG1 and BIG5 are co‐localized in trans Golgi network. Thus, our data indicate that BIG1 and BIG5 are crucial for male gametophyte transmission.
Validation of the Early Development Instrument for children with special health needs
Authors: Janus Magdalena , Zeraatkar Dena , Duku Eric , Bennett Teresa 
Published: October 2018

AimPopulation‐level data on the development of children with special health needs attending primary school can assist special education, health and service delivery strategies. This study aims to determine whether results of the Early Development Instrument (EDI) can be interpreted and used with the same confidence for children with special health needs as for those who are typically developing. Psychometric properties of the EDI for kindergarteners with identified special health needs are examined.MethodsData for children with a special health need designation come from a database of all Canadian provincial implementations of the EDI between 2004 and 2014. Item and domain characteristics (distributions of scores and measures of internal consistency) of the EDI were examined. Construct validation was assessed by correlating EDI scores with gender and age. The fit of the original factor structure of the EDI was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsData for 29 692 children (69.8% male) were analysed. The performance of items and domains was similar to that of typically developing children. As expected, boys scored lower on all EDI domains (Cohen's d: 0.03–0.46) and a general, but non‐significant, positive trend was observed between age and EDI scores. The factor structure of the EDI in this population yielded similar goodness‐of‐fit statistics as those reported in studies with typically developing children.ConclusionResults of this investigation support the validity of the EDI in children with special health needs, paving the way for a more extensive use of EDI data for this vulnerable, yet often neglected, population.
Population pharmacokinetics of itraconazole solution after a single oral administration in captive lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor)
Authors: Sánchez Carlos R. , Zalesak Selina , Pich Ashley A. , Papich Mark G. 
Published: October 2018

AbstractAspergillosis is an infectious, non‐contagious fungal disease of clinical importance in flamingo collections. Itraconazole is an antifungal drug commonly used in the treatment and prophylaxis of avian aspergillosis. Studies have shown that dosage regimes in birds vary based on different itraconazole presentation and administration methods. This investigation used a population pharmacokinetic approach to study itraconazole in lesser flamingos. Itraconazole was administered orally at 10 mg/kg to 17 flamingos. A sparse blood sampling was performed on the subjects, and samples were collected at 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 16, 21, and 24 hr post‐drug administration. Twelve flamingos were sampled three times, three birds bled twice and two sampled once. Itraconazole in plasma was quantified using high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A one‐compartment pharmacokinetic model with first order absorption was fitted to the data using nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NLME) to determine values for population parameters. We identified a long half‐life (T½) of more than 75 hr and a maximum plasma concentration (CMAX) of 1.69 µg/ml, which is above the minimal inhibitory concentrations for different aspergillus isolates. We concluded that plasma drug concentrations of itraconazole were maintained in a population of flamingos above 0.5 ug/ml for at least 24 hr after a single oral dose of 10 mg/kg of itraconazole solution.
Report of the Office of Population Affairs’ expert work group meeting on short birth spacing and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Methodological quality of existing studies and future directions for research
Authors: Ahrens Katherine A. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. , Ananth Cande V. , Basso Olga , Briss Peter A. , Ferré Cynthia D. , Frederiksen Brittni N. , Harper Sam , Hernández‐Díaz Sonia , Hirai Ashley H. , Kirby Russell S. , Klebanoff Mark A. , Lindberg Laura , Mumford Sunni L. , Nelson Heidi D. , Platt Robert W. , Rossen Lauren M. , Stuebe Alison M. , Thoma Marie E. , Vladutiu Catherine J. , Moskosky Susan 
Published: October 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that women wait at least 24 months after a livebirth before attempting a subsequent pregnancy to reduce the risk of adverse maternal, perinatal, and infant health outcomes. However, the applicability of the WHO recommendations for women in the United States is unclear, as breast feeding, nutrition, maternal age at first birth, and total fertility rate differs substantially between the United States and the low‐ and middle‐resource countries upon which most of the evidence is based.MethodsTo inform guideline development for birth spacing specific to women in the United States, the Office of Population Affairs (OPA) convened an expert work group meeting in Washington, DC, on 14‐15 September 2017 among reproductive, perinatal, paediatric, social, and public health epidemiologists; obstetrician‐gynaecologists; biostatisticians; and experts in evidence synthesis related to women's health.ResultsPresentations and discussion topics included the methodological quality of existing studies, evaluation of the evidence for causal effects of short interpregnancy intervals on adverse perinatal and maternal health outcomes, good practices for future research, and identification of research gaps and priorities for future work.ConclusionsThis report provides an overview of the presentations, discussions, and conclusions from the expert work group meeting.
Gender action plans in the aquaculture value chain: what's missing?
Authors: Bosma Roel H. , Nguyen Thi Dien , Calumpang Lorna M. , Carandang Sef Alba 
Published: October 2018

AbstractGender equality has been a political issue in view of human rights and welfare since several decades. Therefore, many countries have developed Gender Action Plans (GAPs) that support equal access of both sexes to education, employment and finance. Two workshops on GAPs in aquaculture and a literature review brought about the question: what's missing in Asian sectoral GAPs. Not all reviewed Asian countries have GAPs for fishery/ aquaculture, but all encountered constraints to achieve their goals regarding equal access for women. Women's contribution in aquaculture tends to go beyond the traditional gender divide. For example, women may lead in the area of production because they can combine aquaculture with their homebound tasks and own vertically integrated companies. However, skewed perceptions on the role, status and perception of women and men, more so in strong than weak patriarchies (the former accept the subservient role, while the latter exercise the dominant role) limit women's access to training opportunities on new aquaculture technologies. Women are also left out in policy‐ and decision‐making processes; and in the value chain, women receive lower wages than men. Their role is underestimated by lack of disaggregated data, as reflected in post‐disaster interventions and industrial development programs. To be effective sectoral GAPs, based on disaggregated data, should have budgets, plans and target indicators for which leaders could be held accountable. These GAPs, however, can't address the required radical change in attitude toward women; unless deliberately planned educational media campaigns are embedded into the national GAPs.
Prevalence and social and health determinants of pre‐diabetes and diabetes among adults in Laos: a cross‐sectional national population‐based survey, 2013
Authors: Vonglokham Manithong , Kounnavong Sengchanh , Sychareun Vanphanom , Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl 
Published: October 2018

SummaryObjectiveDiabetes is a major and fast‐growing public health problem in Southeast Asia. We determined the prevalence of pre‐diabetes and diabetes and assessed the levels of awareness, treatment and control in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR).MethodsA national cross‐sectional study based on a stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in 2013. The sample comprised 2492 individuals aged 18–64 years (59.3% females; mean age 38.7 years, SD = 12.8) from Lao PDR. We followed the WHO STEPS method: step 1, questionnaire interview; step 2, anthropometric and Blood Pressure (BP) measurements; and step 3, biochemistry tests. Multinominal logistic regression was used to investigate the determinants of pre‐diabetes and diabetes (fasting plasma glucose levels ≥ 7.0 mmol/L; or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs; or having a history of diagnosis of diabetes).Results5.7% of the population had diabetes, 4.7% of men and 6.4% of women, and 2.3% had pre‐diabetes, 1.8% of men and 2.6% of women. Only 14.1% of the population sample indicated that they had ever their blood glucose measured by a health‐care worker. This was higher in urban (20.9%) than rural (10.9%) dwellers (P < 0.001), and among female (16.6%) than male (10.5%) participants (P < 0.001). Among those with diabetes, 58.1% were aware of their diabetes status, 40.3% were taking treatment and 10.9% had controlled diabetes. The factor independently associated with impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) or pre‐diabetes was central obesity (Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio‐ARRR: 3.92, Confidence Interval‐CI: 1.89, 8.14) but none of the other health (general body weight, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, substance use, hypertension and cholesterol) and sociodemographic (age, sex, education, employment status, marital status, ethno‐linguistic group and residence status) variables. Factors independently associated with diabetes were older age (ARRR: 5.12, CI: 1.55, 10.20), central obesity (ARRR: 2.15, CI: 1.16, 4.00), low or moderate physical activity (ARRR: 0.75, CI: 0.60, 0.93), having hypertension (ARRR: 1.68, CI: 1.01, 2.83), and dyslipidaemia (ARRR: 1.75, CI: 1.08, 2.81).ConclusionA public health response is needed in the form of integrated and comprehensive action targeting major non‐communicable diseases in the country.
Lip‐to‐nose flap for nasal plane reconstruction in dogs: A cadaveric and in vivo feasibility study
Authors: Chiti Lavinia E. , Montinaro Vincenzo , Lisi Marta L. P. , Asta Andrea G. , Marches Silvia , Sommaruga Paolo , Massari Federico 
Published: October 2018

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a local interpolation flap based on the upper lip for the reconstruction of the dorsal aspect of the nasal plane in dogs.Study designEx vivo and in vivo case report.AnimalsA 2‐year‐old medium‐sized spayed female mixed‐breed dog and a canine cadaver of a medium‐sized mixed‐breed dog.MethodsA dorsal defect of the nasal plane of uncertain origin in a dog was reconstructed with a unilateral interpolation flap obtained from the caudal upper lip skin and mucosa (lip‐to‐nose flap). The procedure was first performed in a cadaveric model to assess its feasibility.ResultsThe lip‐to‐nose flap allowed the reconstruction of a dorsal nasal plane defect with a satisfactory cosmetic outcome. The incorporation of the labial mucosa guaranteed a complete and uncomplicated wound healing of the flap; a small area of necrosis occurred at the donor site, which resolved in a few days.ConclusionThe use of a lip‐to‐nose flap was feasible in these 2 medium‐sized dogs and led to satisfactory cosmetic outcome.Clinical significanceA lip‐to‐nose flap may be considered to reconstruct dorsal nasal plane defects in dogs and allows for a cosmetic outcome.