bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The adsorption of drugs on nanoplastics has severe biological impact
Authors: Dick Leonard , Batista Patrick R. , Zaby Paul , Manhart Gabriele , Kopatz Verena , Kogler Lukas , Pichler Verena , Grebien Florian , Bakos Vince , Plósz Benedek G. , Kolev Nikola Zlatkov , Kenner Lukas , Kirchner Barbara , Hollóczki Oldamur 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicro- and nanoplastics can interact with various biologically active compounds forming aggregates of which the effects have yet to be understood. To this end, it is vital to characterize these aggregates of key compounds and micro- and nanoplastics. In this study, we examined the adsorption of the antibiotic tetracycline on four different nanoplastics, made of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and nylon 6,6 (N66) through chemical computation. Two separate approaches were employed to generate relevant conformations of the tetracycline-plastic complexes. In the first approach, we folded the plastic particle from individual polymer chains in the presence of the drug through multiple separate simulated annealing setups. In the second, more biased, approach, the neat plastic was pre-folded through simulated annealing, and the drug was placed at its surface in multiple orientations. The former approach was clearly superior to the other, obtaining lower energy conformations even with the antibiotic buried inside the plastic particle. Quantum chemical calculations on the structures revealed that the adsorption energies show a trend of decreasing affinity to the drug in the order of N66> PS> PP> PE. In vitro experiments on tetracycline-sensitive cell lines demonstrated that, in qualitative agreement with the calculations, the biological activity of tetracycline drops significantly in the presence of PS particles. Preliminary molecular dynamics simulations on two selected aggregates with each plastic served as first stability test of the aggregates under influence of temperature and in water. We found that all the selected cases persisted in water indicating that the aggregates may be stable also in more realistic environments. In summary, our data show that the interaction of micro- and nanoplastics with drugs can alter drug absorption, facilitate drug transport to new locations, and increase local antibiotic concentrations, potentially attenuating antibiotic effect and at the same time promoting antibiotic resistance.
In-vitro and in-vivo assessment of the bactericidal potential of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide disinfectants against A. hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia and their effect on water quality indices and fish stress biomarkers
Authors: Gamal Abdelrhman , Abdel-moneam Dalia A. , Morsi Asmaa Safwat , Malak Nermeen M. L. , Ali Asmaa Metwally , Khalefa Hanan S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the in vitro and in vivo disinfectant potential of peracetic acid (PAA) (1 mg/L) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (20 mg/L) on the physicochemical and microbiological water quality parameters of fish aquaria, the microbial density of Nile tilapia muscular tissue, fish hepatic cortisol levels, and antioxidant biomarkers. In vitro, PAA and H2O2 reduced A. hydrophila colony viability by 5 log units after 30 and 5 min of contact time, respectively. PAA and H2O2 were added to aquaria water twice a week for the three-week experiment. Increased fish escape reflexes were observed only in the PAA group, which returned to normal within 10 min. No mortalities were reported in either the PAA or H2O2 groups. An in vivo experimental challenge with a pathogenic strain of A. hydrophila revealed a 20% reduction in mortality in the PAA group, with no mortalities in the H2O2 group. Cortisol levels and antioxidant markers were measured to assess the impact of PAA and H2O2 on fish health. Cortisol levels in the PAA and H2O2 groups were significantly higher than in the control group after disinfectant exposure, but they progressively returned to normal. A significant reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity, along with considerably higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) enzymatic activity, was observed in the PAA and H2O2 groups compared to the control group. A substantial increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was recorded in the PAA group. Physicochemical analyses revealed reduced pH and increased dissolved oxygen levels in the PAA and H2O2 groups. Microbiological analyses showed a significant reduction in bacterial density in water by 64% and 76% after 30 min of exposure to PAA and H2O2, respectively, with a non-significant increase in microbial count after bacterial challenge. Additionally, aerobic bacterial count, Aeromonas spp., and psychotropic bacterial count in fish muscle showed a significant reduction in the H2O2 group compared to the PAA and control groups before and after infection. The study concludes that regular application of PAA and H2O2 can temporarily reduce bacterial load in aquaria and fish muscle, regulate stress responses, and improve fish health by reducing A. hydrophila-induced infections and improving survival.
Characterizing the luminosity components of luminous infrared galaxies in multi-wavelength from the X-ray to the far-infrared
Authors: Ali Abdallah A. M. , Gadallah Kamel A. K. , Shalabiea Osama. M. , Beheary Mohamed. M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe characterize luminosity components of Ultra/Luminous Infrared Galaxies (U/LIRGs) in multi-wavelength from the X-ray to far-infrared. A set of 63 AGN U/LIRGs was selected where these galaxies are powered by a central active galactic nucleus (AGN). Utilizing the X-CIGALE code, SEDs for these galaxies are carried out where their SEDs are fitted with observations. Accordingly, the physical parameters such as the stellar mass, the dust-to-gas mass ratio, and the star formation rate are calculated. The total luminosity and its decomposed components (stellar, AGN, X-ray) are also calculated. We characterized these luminosities in relative to the intrinsic luminosity and in relative to each other. As a function of the stellar mass, these luminosities reveal an increase with different correlation coefficients, showing a strong correlation. In correlation with the intrinsic AGN power, the stellar, AGN, and X-ray luminosities are strongly correlates in their variation to the intrinsic AGN luminosity, showing stronger correlations of AGN, and X-ray luminosities than those of the stellar one. In relationships between various luminosity components, both the stellar and X-ray luminosities reveal strong correlations with the AGN luminosity. On the other hand, the X-ray luminosity varies strongly with the stellar luminosity and moderately with IR luminosity. Compared to obscured AGN galaxies, both the stellar and AGN luminosities similarly vary with increasing the intrinsic power of the active nucleus but for obscured AGN they are faster in their variation than that of U/LIRG. These correlations may offer valuable insights to understand the physical properties and their relationships through the evolution of U/LIRGs.
Decoding episodic autobiographical memory in naturalistic virtual reality
Authors: Lenormand Diane , Mentec Inès , Gaston-Bellegarde Alexandre , Orriols Eric , Piolino Pascale 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpisodic autobiographical memory (EAM) is a long-term memory system of personally experienced events with their context – what, where, when – and subjective elements, e.g., emotions, thoughts, or self-reference. EAM formation has rarely been studied in a controlled, real-life-like paradigm, and there is no predictive model of long-term retrieval from self-rated subjective experience at encoding. The present longitudinal study, with three surprise free recall memory tests immediately, one-week and one-month after encoding, investigated incidental encoding of EAM in an immersive virtual environment where 30 participants either interacted with or observed specific events of varying emotional valences with simultaneous physiological recordings. The predictive analyses highlight the temporal dynamics of the predictors of EAM from subjective ratings at encoding: common characteristics related to sense of remembering and infrequency of real-life encounter of the event were identified over time, but different variables become relevant at different time points, such as the emotion and mental imagery or prospective aspects. This dynamic and time-dependent role of memory predictors challenges traditional views of a uniform influence of encoding factors over time. Current evidence for the multiphasic nature of memory formation points to the role of different mechanisms at play during encoding but also consolidation and subsequent retrieval.
High-resolution laser spectroscopy of singly charged natural uranium isotopes
Authors: Raggio Andrea , Block Michael , Campbell Paul , Cheal Bradley , de Groote Ruben P. , Gins Wouter , Koszorús Ágota , Moore Iain D. , Ortiz-Cortes Alejandro , Pohjalainen Ilkka , Warbinek Jessica 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh-resolution collinear laser spectroscopy has been performed on singly charged ions of $$^{234,235,238}$$

234
,
235
,
238

U at the IGISOL facility of the Accelerator Laboratory, University of Jyväskylä, in Finland. Ten ionic transitions from the $$^{4}\hbox {I}_{9/2}$$

4

I

9
/
2

and $$^{6}\hbox {L}_{11/2}$$

6

L

11
/
2

ground and first excited states were measured in the 300 nm wavelength range, improving the precision of the hyperfine parameters of the lower states in addition to providing newly measured values for the upper levels. Isotope shifts of the analyzed transitions are also reported for $$^{234,235}$$

234
,
235

U with respect to $$^{238}$$

238

U.
Microbial community dynamics in blood, faeces and oral secretions of neotropical bats in Casanare, Colombia
Authors: Luna Nicolas , Páez-Triana Luisa , Ramírez Angie L. , Muñoz Marina , Goméz Marcela , Medina Julián E. , Urbano Plutarco , Barragán Karen , Ariza Catalina , Martínez Davinzon , Hernández Carolina , Patiño Luz H. , Ramirez Juan David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBats are known reservoirs for a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, helminths, and protozoa, which can be transmitted and infect other zoonotic organisms. Various studies have utilised next-generation sequencing (NGS) to describe the pathogens associated with bats. Although most have characterised microbial communities in specific body fluids, few have analysed the composition and diversity of these microbial communities across different body fluids at the individual level. In this study, we employed two next-generation sequencing techniques: amplicon-based sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S- and 18S-rRNA genes and viral metagenomics, to describe the prokaryotic, eukaryotic, and viral communities present in blood, faeces, and oral swab samples collected from two genera of bats (Carollia and Phyllostomus) in the department of Casanare, eastern Colombia. A total of 60 samples corresponding to the three bodily fluids were processed and analysed. The results indicated that the microbial communities across the body fluids were mainly composed of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and various DNA and RNA viruses, showing a variability of microbial genera and species. The abundances, diversity metrics, and correlations of these microorganisms displayed patterns associated with bat genus and body fluids, suggesting that the ecological characteristics of these microbial communities may be influenced by the ecological and physiological traits of the bats. Additionally, we found similar community compositions of bacteria, some fungal genera, and viruses in the three body fluids, indicating a possible circulation of these microbes within the same bat. This could be due to microbial movement from the gut microbiota to other physiological systems or transmission via blood-feeding vectors. Furthermore, our results revealed the presence of various microbes of public health concern, including Bartonella spp., Mannheimia haemolytica, Rhodotorula spp., Piroplasmida spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Alphacoronavirus spp., and Bat circovirus. The abundance of these pathogenic microbial species across the three bodily fluids suggests potential transmission routes from bats to other organisms, which may contribute to the emergence of zoonotic disease outbreaks. These findings highlight the variability of microorganisms present within the same bat and the different pathogen-host interactions that may regulate the presence and transmission of these zoonotic microbes. Further research is required to elucidate the genomic features, ecological interactions, and biological activities of these microbial communities in bats.
Beyond traditional magnetic resonance processing with artificial intelligence
Authors: Jahangiri Amir , Orekhov Vladislav 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSmart signal processing approaches using Artificial Intelligence are gaining momentum in NMR applications. In this study, we demonstrate that AI offers new opportunities beyond tasks addressed by traditional techniques. We developed and trained artificial neural networks to solve three problems that until now were deemed “impossible”: quadrature detection using only Echo (or Anti-Echo) modulation from the traditional Echo/Anti-Echo scheme; accessing uncertainty of signal intensity at each point in a spectrum processed by any given method; and defining a reference-free score for quantitative access of NMR spectrum quality. Our findings highlight the potential of AI techniques to revolutionize NMR processing and analysis.
Long-range phase coherence and tunable second order φ0-Josephson effect in a Dirac semimetal 1T-PtTe2
Authors: Sivakumar Pranava K. , Ahari Mostafa T. , Kim Jae-Keun , Wu Yufeng , Dixit Anvesh , de Coster George J. , Pandeya Avanindra K. , Gilbert Matthew J. , Parkin Stuart S. P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSuperconducting diode effects have recently attracted much attention for their potential applications in superconducting logic circuits. Several pathways have been proposed to give rise to non-reciprocal critical currents in various superconductors and Josephson junctions. In this work, we establish the presence of a large Josephson diode effect in a type-II Dirac semimetal 1T-PtTe2 facilitated by its helical spin-momentum locking and distinguish it from extrinsic geometric effects. The magnitude of the Josephson diode effect is shown to be directly correlated to the large second-harmonic component of the supercurrent. We denote such junctions, where the relative phase between the two harmonics can be tuned by a magnetic field, as ‘tunable second order φ0-junctions’. The direct correspondence between the second harmonic supercurrents and the diode effect in 1T-PtTe2 junctions at relatively low magnetic fields makes it an ideal platform to study the Josephson diode effect and Cooper quartet transport in Josephson junctions.
Impaired striatal glutathione–ascorbate metabolism induces transient dopamine increase and motor dysfunction
Authors: Malik Mohd Yaseen , Guo Fei , Asif-Malik Aman , Eftychidis Vasileios , Barkas Nikolaos , Eliseeva Elena , Timm Kerstin N. , Wolska Aleksandra , Bergin David , Zonta Barbara , Ratz-Wirsching Veronika , von Hörsten Stephan , Walton Mark E. , Magill Peter J. , Nerlov Claus , Minichiello Liliana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIdentifying initial triggering events in neurodegenerative disorders is critical to developing preventive therapies. In Huntington’s disease (HD), hyperdopaminergia—probably triggered by the dysfunction of the most affected neurons, indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs)—is believed to induce hyperkinesia, an early stage HD symptom. However, how this change arises and contributes to HD pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that genetic disruption of iSPNs function by Ntrk2/Trkb deletion in mice results in increased striatal dopamine and midbrain dopaminergic neurons, preceding hyperkinetic dysfunction. Transcriptomic analysis of iSPNs at the pre-symptomatic stage showed de-regulation of metabolic pathways, including upregulation of Gsto2, encoding glutathione S-transferase omega-2 (GSTO2). Selectively reducing Gsto2 in iSPNs in vivo effectively prevented dopaminergic dysfunction and halted the onset and progression of hyperkinetic symptoms. This study uncovers a functional link between altered iSPN BDNF-TrkB signalling, glutathione–ascorbate metabolism and hyperdopaminergic state, underscoring the vital role of GSTO2 in maintaining dopamine balance.
Bifunctional molybdenum and vanadium materials: semiconductor properties for advanced electronics and catalytic efficiency in linalool oxidation
Authors: Sarjanović Josipa , Cader Mateja , Topić Edi , Razum Marta , Agustin Dominique , Rubčić Mirta , Pavić Luka , Pisk Jana 
Published: October 2024

Molybdenum materials derived from acyl-hydrazones were synthesised. Structural changes and electrical properties were analyzed by in situ impedance spectroscopy. Catalytic performance in linalool oxidation was tested and compared to vanadium analogs.
High‐contrast QPSK pattern recognition device consisting of a 4×$\times$4 MMI coupler
Authors: Aikawa Yohei , Uenohara Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPattern recognition of optical label is utilized not only in packet switches but also in the field of data security due to its wide range of applications. In particular, pattern recognition using waveguide devices is highly valued because it eliminates the need for encoder processing. However, existing methods suffer from the problem of degraded contrast ratio because half of the input power are emitted from non‐target waveguides. In this article, a method is proposed to improve the contrast ratio employing a 44 multi‐mode interference (MMI) coupler with multiple input signals. The theoretical results reveal that the proposed method improves the contrast ratio from 3.0 dB to 9.5 dB and dB for the three‐input and four‐input cases, respectively, for quadrature phase‐shift keying (QPSK)‐modulated signal. Furthermore, numerical simulation was performed through the three dimension finite‐difference time‐domain (3D‐FDTD) method, and the proposed scheme successfully discriminated each QPSK pattern. The power value at all ports closely matches the theoretical value, and the ratios of 9.5 dB and 30.0 dB are numerically obtained.
Machine learning‐driven microwave imaging for soil moisture estimation near leaky pipe
Authors: Ramezaninia Mohammad , Shams Mohammadreza , Zoofaghari Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCharacterizing soil moisture around drip irrigation pipes is crucial for precise and optimized farming. Machine learning (ML) approaches are particularly suitable for this task as they can reduce uncertainties caused by soil conditions and the drip pipe positions, using features extracted from relevant datasets. This letter addresses local moisture detection in the vicinity of dripping pipes using a portable microwave imaging system. The employed ML approach is fed with two dimensional images generated using back projection as a radar‐based algorithm and the Born approximation as an inverse scattering method, based on spatio‐temporal (collected data at various positions over the soil surface and at different time points.) measurements at various frequencies. The study investigates the performance of K‐nearest neighbour (KNN) and convolutional neural networks (CNN) algorithms for moisture classification based on these imaging techniques. We also explore the potential of KNN and CNN for moisture estimation around the plant roots and in the presence of pebbles. In general, CNN outperforms KNN in moisture content detection from microwave data, especially after applying imaging algorithms. A combination of CNN as the ML approach and the back projection algorithm to provide training data, yielded accuracy more than other models for moisture content estimation. Also, the practical results demonstrate that our method can detect soil moisture with an estimation error of less than 10%.
Discrete‐time full‐order sensorless control of high‐speed interior permanent magnet synchronous motor in electric vehicle traction system
Authors: Wang Dongcui , Zhu Yuan , Wu Sibei , Liu Lu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA discrete‐time full‐order sensorless control strategy for high‐speed interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) used in electric vehicle (EV) traction system is designed in this paper. While most speed and position observer (SPO) methods are developed in the continuous‐time domain, the presence of a unit‐time‐delay block existed in feedback loop and discretisation of the algorithm can lead to performance degradation during digital implementation. In this work, speed and angle are observed using the discrete‐time four‐order IPMSM model. A quadrature phase‐locked loop model with compensation is introduced, and its stability condition is established for the first time. Furthermore, to address the potential for sudden speed changes in vehicle applications, the parameter range is further refined to keep the estimation error within a specified range. The sliding mode observer is discretised and its stability is analysed using discrete Lyapunov theory. Additionally, the time sequence of interactive signals between SPO and field‐oriented control is thoroughly examined to ensure accurate time cycle. Finally, the proposed control strategy is validated and demonstrated through bench tests and real EV (LS6 of IM Motors) tests with a 190 kW IPMSM, which can improve the accuracy by 0.3 radians at 8000 rpm compared to traditional methods, and achieve stable control at 15,000 rpm on the test bench and at 120 kph with the EV.
An extendable switched‐capacitor based three‐phase multilevel inverter with boosting capability
Authors: Aghaei Hadi , Hashemzadeh Seyed Majid , Babaei Ebrahim , Sharifian Mohammad Bagher Bannae , Iqbal Atif 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increasing demand for integrating renewable energy sources necessitates inverter topologies with boosting capabilities. Using inverters with boosting capability and a low number of components to integrate renewable energy sources can reduce costs. This study describes a three‐phase multilevel inverter based on extendable switching capacitors. The use of voltage‐doubling modules permits the development of the inverter's capability. By increasing the number of doubling modules, the number of output voltage levels and boost factor are increased. Furthermore, the study introduces and implements a line voltage‐based pulse width modulation approach developed for the proposed inverter. The operation of the proposed multilevel inverter, along with the pulse width modulation scheme, common mode voltage, and power loss analysis are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, a comparative analysis is provided; highlighting the advantage of reducing the number of power switches in the proposed three‐phase inverter compared to other existing topologies. Finally, a laboratory prototype is developed, operating at a 4 kHz switching frequency and with a 120 V DC‐link voltage. The experimental results corroborate the efficiency and performance of the proposed multilevel inverter, thereby validating its practical applicability.