bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the Wisdom in Colloidal Chemistry to Make Stable Single‐Atom Catalysts
Authors: Hülsey Max J. , Zhang Jiaguang , Yan Ning 
Published: July 2018

AbstractResearch on single‐atom catalysts (SACs), or atomically dispersed catalysts, has been quickly gaining momentum over the past few years. Although the unique electronic structure of singly dispersed atoms enables uncommon—sometimes exceptional—activities and selectivities for various catalytic applications, developing reliable and general procedures for preparing stable, active SACs in particular for applications under reductive conditions remains a major issue. Herein, the challenges associated with the synthesis of SACs are highlighted semiquantitatively and three stabilization techniques inspired by colloidal science including steric, ligand, and electrostatic stabilization are proposed. Some recent examples are discussed in detail to showcase the power of these strategies in the synthesis of stable SACs without compromising catalytic activity. The substantial further potential of steric, ligand, and electrostatic effects for developing SACs is emphasized. A perspective is given to point out opportunities and remaining obstacles, with special attention given to electrostatic stabilization where little is done so far. The stabilization strategies presented herein have a wide applicability in the synthesis of a series of new SACs with improved performances.
Directional Acoustic Antennas Based on Valley‐Hall Topological Insulators
Authors: Zhang Zhiwang , Tian Ye , Wang Yihe , Gao Shuxiang , Cheng Ying , Liu Xiaojun , Christensen Johan 
Published: July 2018

AbstractRealizing directional acoustic signal transmittance and reception robust against surrounding noise and competing signals is crucial in many areas such as communication, navigation, and detection for medical and industrial purposes. The fundamentally wide‐angled radiation pattern of most current acoustic sensors and transducers displays a major limitation of the performance when it comes to precise targeting and probing of sound particular of interest in human speaking and hearing. Here, it is shown how topological acoustic valley transport can be designed to enable a unique beamforming mechanism that renders a superdirective needle‐like sound radiation and reception pattern. The strategy rests on out‐coupling valley‐polarized edge states, whose beam is experimentally detected in the far‐field with 10° width and a sound‐intensity enhancement factor ≈10. Furthermore, anti‐interference communication is proposed where sound is received from desired directions, but background noise from other directions is successfully suppressed. This type of topological acoustic antenna offers new ways to control sound with improved performance and functionalities that are highly desirable for versatile applications.
Engineering Amorphous Carbon onto Ultrathin g‐C3N4 to Suppress Intersystem Crossing for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution
Authors: Luo Xiaoxu , Wu Zuozuo , Liu Ye , Ding Shuoping , Zheng Yang , Jiang Qingqing , Zhou Tengfei , Hu Juncheng 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTuning photochemistry conversion efficiency by atomic‐level tailoring will unlock great potential for pursuing higher photocatalytic performance for graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4). Here, a novel strategy to fabricate amorphous carbon–engineered ultrathin g‐C3N4 nanocomposites, endowing the engineered g‐C3N4 with a much higher H2 evolution rate, reaching an optimum value as high as 746.95 µmol h−1 g−1, 15.4 times higher than that of bulk g‐C3N4, is described. Interestingly, with the formation of intimate interfaces between amorphous carbon and ultrathin g‐C3N4, the interfacial charge transfer is boosted significantly and the recombination rate of photogenerated electrons and holes could be highly reduced, thus leading to a higher quantum yield. Moreover, the thickness of the g‐C3N4 is significantly reduced by the steric‐hindrance effect of amorphous carbon grown in situ, and the as‐prepared ultrathin g‐C3N4 shows a suppressed intersystem crossing rate in the photocatalytic H2 evolution process, thus leading to a lower triplet exciton concentration in the energy conversion process, and also faint triplet–triplet annihilation. It is believed that the present work identifies a new pathway to understanding the role of carbon in nanostructure construction, and will be of broad interest in research on engineering metal‐free carbon‐based catalysts and on solar conversion systems.
White‐Light‐Emitting Materials Constructed from Supramolecular Approaches
Authors: Li Dengfeng , Wang Jie , Ma Xiang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractWhite‐light emissive materials are gaining increasing attentions, ascribed to the potential applications in display and lighting devices as well as sensors. The realization of white‐light emission demands either the simultaneous emission of red, green, and blue colors or at least two complementary colors with similar distribution of emission intensities covering the entire visible spectrum. The introduction of supramolecular approaches not only relieves the negative effects of intermolecular interactions and energy transfer processes, but also endows the white‐light emissive materials with the capacity of color tunability and stimuli‐responsiveness, due to the dynamic and reversible nature of noncovalent interactions. Supramolecular materials with well‐ordered structures can regulate the energy transfer by the assembly–disassembly process, and meanwhile bring in extra fascinating attributes. This review mainly describes the recent reports on fabricating white‐light‐emitting materials from supramolecular approaches such as hydrogen bonding, host–guest interaction, π–π stacking, and metal coordination, which enriches the conceptions and pathways to afford such materials. Moreover, some perspectives together with pressing challenges are presented in the end, synchronously forecasting the potential trends of white‐light emissive materials.
Read on Demand Images in Laser‐Written Polymerizable Liquid Crystal Devices
Authors: Tartan Chloe C. , Sandford O'Neill John J. , Salter Patrick S. , Aplinc Jure , Booth Martin J. , Ravnik Miha , Morris Stephen M. , Elston Steve J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractTwo‐photon laser writing is a powerful technique for creating intricate, high resolution features in polymerizable materials. Here, using a single‐step process to microfabricate polymer inclusions, the ability to generate read‐on‐demand images and identification codes in a liquid crystal (LC) device is demonstrated. These micrometer‐sized polymer features are encoded directly into LC devices using direct laser writing, which locks‐in the local molecular orientation at the moment of fabrication. By reading the devices with the same voltage amplitude that is used to write the polymer structures, features can be made to disappear as the director profile becomes homogeneous with the surrounding regions, effectively cloaking the structure for both polarized and unpolarized light. It is shown how this process can be used to create micrometer‐scale reconfigurable emoticons and quick‐response codes within a fully assembled LC device, with potential use in authenticity and identification applications.
Decoupling the Ionic Conductivity and Elastic Modulus of Gel Electrolytes: Fully Zwitterionic Copolymer Scaffolds in Lithium Salt/Ionic Liquid Solutions
Authors: D'Angelo Anthony J. , Panzer Matthew J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractA critical barrier to overcome in the development of solid‐state electrolytes for lithium batteries is the trade‐off between sacrificing ionic conductivity for enhancement of mechanical stiffness. Here, a physically cross‐linked, polymer‐supported gel electrolyte consisting of a lithium salt/ionic liquid solution featuring a fully zwitterionic (ZI) copolymer network is introduced for rechargeable lithium‐based batteries. The ZI scaffold is synthesized using a 3:1 molar ratio of 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine and sulfobetaine vinylimidazole, and the total polymer content is varied between 1.1 and 12.5 wt%. Room‐temperature ionic conductivity values comparable to the base liquid electrolyte (≈1 mS cm−1) are achieved in ZI copolymer‐supported gels that display compressive elastic moduli as large as 14.3 MPa due to ZI dipole–dipole cross‐links. Spectroscopic characterization suggests a change in the Li+coordination shell upon addition of the zwitterions, indicative of strong Li+···ZI group interactions. Li+transference number measurements reveal an increase in Li+conductivity within a ZI gel electrolyte (nearly doubles). ZI gels display enhanced stability against Li metal, dendrite suppression, and suitable charge–discharge performance in a graphite|lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide cell. Fully ZI polymer networks in nonvolatile, ionic liquid‐based electrolytes represent a promising approach toward realizing highly conductive, mechanically rigid gels for lithium battery technologies.
Prognosis of patients with intermediate risk IPSS‐R myelodysplastic syndrome indicates variable outcomes and need for models beyond IPSS‐R
Authors: Benton Christopher B. , Khan Maliha , Sallman David , Nazha Aziz , Nogueras González Graciela M. , Piao Jin , Ning Jing , Aung Fleur , Al Ali Najla , Jabbour Elias , Kadia Tapan M. , Borthakur Gautam , Ravandi Farhad , Pierce Sherry , Steensma David , DeZern Amy , Roboz Gail , Sekeres Mikkael , Andreeff Michael , Kantarjian Hagop , Komrokji Rami S. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe International Prognostic Scoring System‐Revised (IPSS‐R) is one standard for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) risk stratification. It divides patients into five categories including an intermediate subset (IPSS‐R int‐risk). Outcomes and clinical interventions for patients with IPSS‐R int‐risk are not well defined. We performed an analysis of outcomes of this group of patients. Out of 3167 patients, a total of 298 were identified with IPSS‐R int‐risk MDS and retrospectively analyzed to assess characteristics affecting outcomes. Cox proportional hazard models for overall survival (OS) were performed to identify statistically significant clinical factors that influence survival. Age of 66 years or greater, peripheral blood blasts of 2% or more, and history of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion were significantly associated with inferior survival. Based on these features, MDS patients with IPSS‐R int‐risk were classified into two prognostic risk groups for analysis, an int‐favorable group and an int‐adverse group, and had significantly divergent outcomes. Sequential prognostication was validated using two independent datasets comprising over 700 IPSS‐R int‐risk patients. The difference in median survival between int‐favorable and int‐adverse patients was 3.7 years in the test cohort, and 1.8 and 2.0 years in the two validation cohorts. These results confirm significantly variable outcomes of patients with IPSS‐R int‐risk and need for different prognostic systems.
Colloids for Catalysts: A Concept for the Preparation of Superior Catalysts of Industrial Relevance
Authors: Quinson Jonathan , Neumann Sara , Wannmacher Tanja , Kacenauskaite Laura , Inaba Masanori , Bucher Jan , Bizzotto Francesco , Simonsen Søren B. , Theil Kuhn Luise , Bujak Dajana , Zana Alessandro , Arenz Matthias , Kunz Sebastian 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCompared to conventional preparation methods for supported heterogeneous catalysts, the use of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) allows for a precise control over size, size distribution, and distribution/location of the NPs on the support. However, common colloidal syntheses have restrictions that limit their applicability for industrial catalyst preparation. We present a simple, surfactant‐free, and scalable preparation method for colloidal NPs to overcome these restrictions. We demonstrate how precious‐metal NPs are prepared in alkaline methanol, how the particle size can be tuned, and how supported catalysts are obtained. The potential of these colloids in the preparation of improved catalysts is demonstrated by two examples from heterogeneous catalysis and electrocatalysis.
Placogorgia coronata first documented record in Italian waters: Use of trawl bycatch to unveil vulnerable deep‐sea ecosystems
Authors: Enrichetti Francesco , Bavestrello Giorgio , Coppari Martina , Betti Federico , Bo Marzia 
Published: July 2018

Abstract

Despite the pluri‐decennial history of bottom trawling monitoring in the Italian Sea, limited attention has been given to the study of cold water corals (CWCs) present in the bycatch. As a result, trawl samples still hold a great potential to reveal information about deep‐water biodiversity.
The rare Mediterranean CWC species Placogorgia coronata was repeatedly found in the bottom trawl discards of the red shrimp fishery in Santa Margherita Ligure (Ligurian Sea). The supposed rarity of this species is strongly biased by taxonomic problems within the genus as well as by the limited exploration of these deep habitats.
Scientific literature as well as remotely operated vehicle surveys highlighted the presence, in the investigated trawled area, of a dead white coral framework, supporting the hypothesis that the CWC studied, probably thriving on coral rubble, occurs here due to the natural protection to trawling offered by the coral matrix. Trawlers, however, may accidentally affect these secondary hard grounds, as demonstrated by the discard content.
The long‐term monitoring of the catches highlighted a removal rate of up to one colony every two trawling operations; based on the anecdotal fishing effort in this area and the status of the discarded specimens, it is possible to estimate an average catch rate of about 18 live colonies per year per fisherman.
The occurrence of rare CWC species with low resilience to fishing disturbance is among the required information for the identification of fishing restriction zones designed to protect deep vulnerable marine ecosystems.
Distributed Event‐Triggered Consensus for Multiple Underactuated Systems Under Markovian Switching Topologies
Authors: Zhou Zhen , Wang Hongbin , Hu Zhongquan , Ge Shungang 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper presents a distributed consensus algorithm that employs event‐triggered communication for multiple underactuated systems under Markovian switching topologies. Instead of the general stochastic topology, the graph of the entire system is governed by a set of Markov chains to the edges, which can recover the general Markovian switching topologies in line with the practical communication network. By utilizing integral sliding mode control strategy, rigorous analysis of the asymptotic convergence results has been performed through graph theory and Lyapunov stability theory. An event‐triggered communication law is provided for each agent and Zeno behavior of triggering time sequences is excluded. It will yield to the very first application of the multiple underactuated systems, in which the system states could be enforced to track the leader. Finally, the illustrative simulations on six underactuated two‐link manipulators are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical results.
Two‐Layer Terminal Sliding Mode Attitude Control of Satellites Equipped with Reaction Wheels
Authors: Bayat Farhad , Javaheri Mojtaba 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThis paper addresses the global stability and robust attitude tracking problem of a near polar orbit satellite subject to unknown disturbances and uncertainties. It is assumed that the satellite is fully actuated by a set of reaction wheels (RW) as control actuators because of their relative simplicity, versatility and high accuracy. The terminal sliding mode control (TSMC) approach is utilized in a two‐level architecture to achieve control objectives. In the lower layer a detumbling‐like controller is designed which guarantees the finite‐time detumbling and tracking of the desired angular velocities and based on this result a robust attitude tracking controller is designed in the upper layer to achieve 3‐axis attitude tracking in the presence of unknown disturbances and bounded uncertainties. Robust stability and tracking properties of designed controllers are proved using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, a set of numerical simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness and performance of the proposed control method.
Ultra‐Lightweight, High Power Density Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Duduta Mihai , de Rivaz Sebastien , Clarke David R. , Wood Robert J. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractCurrent fabrication methods for lithium‐ion batteries impose a limit on how light a high power battery can be made. The lack of lightweight (<300 mg), high power batteries is a significant constraint to the development of untethered micro‐robots, wearable haptics, mobile computing, and biomedical applications. We have developed a laser micro‐machining and assembly process which can produce batteries up to 30 times lighter than the lightest high power commercial cell, at comparable power densities (>1 kW/kg). Our process is versatile and can be adapted to make custom geometries, miniature high voltage cells, and more, all while using a broad range of starting materials. We see this technology as a path to highly versatile miniature power sources, that will enable a wide range of small‐scale applications.
Model‐based evaluation of continuous bioethanol production plant
Authors: Shokrkar Hanieh , Abbasabadi Mahsa , Ebrahimi Sirous 
Published: July 2018

AbstractIn this study, a mathematical model has been developed to evaluate the performance of industrial‐scale bioethanol production from molasses by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a series of bioreactors operated in continuous mode. The model was based on three simple metabolic pathways in the yeast including molasses fermentation, molasses oxidation, and ethanol oxidation. The model parameters were estimated using the AQUASIM software by minimizing the error between measurements and calculated results. Results show that the model predictions agree well with the experimental results. The model is a useful tool to predict volumes, levels, discharge flow, bioethanol, and biomass concentrations in each bioreactor during the process. As it is not practical to make changes in steady‐state continuous operation processes, the model can also be used to optimize the process performance and to increase the biomass and ethanol yields. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
The construction and online/offline blended learning of small private online courses of Principles of Chemical Engineering
Authors: Zeng Xianlu , Yu Caoming , Liu Ya , Hu Xin , Hao Qinglan , Jiang Yongfu , Dai Wei , Zhang Kangda , Teng Botao 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe small private online course (SPOC) of Principles of Chemical Engineering for the majors of Chemistry, Material, Environment, Pharmaceutical Sciences, etc., has been constructed by the teaching team of chemical engineering in Zhejiang Normal University. We recorded 101 micro‐videos of knowledge points, which explained in detail the fluid flow, fluid transportation machinery, heat transfer as well as distillation and absorption; and briefly interpreted the operations involving particulate solids, mass transfer equipments, evaporation, extraction, and drying of solids. The SPOC course has been online and run for 2 years on Zhejiang Institutions of Higher Learning Online Open Course Sharing Platform. Our teaching practices show that the online/offline blended learning combines the students’ online self‐study through micro‐videos before class with traditional classroom, and greatly improves the learning efficiency. Meanwhile, the blended learning based on the online courses shares the high‐quality courses and will be the future trend in higher education.
Quick Click: The DNA‐Templated Ligation of 3′‐O‐Propargyl‐ and 5′‐Azide‐Modified Strands Is as Rapid as and More Selective than Ligase
Authors: Osman Eiman A. , Gadzikwa Tendai , Gibbs Julianne M. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractThe copper(I)‐mediated azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) of 3′‐propargyl ether and 5′‐azide oligonucleotides is a particularly promising ligation system because it results in triazole linkages that effectively mimic the phosphate–sugar backbone of DNA, leading to unprecedented tolerance of the ligated strands by polymerases. However, for a chemical ligation strategy to be a viable alternative to enzymatic systems, it must be equally as rapid, as discriminating, and as easy to use. We found that the DNA‐templated reaction with these modifications was rapid under aerobic conditions, with nearly quantitative conversion in 5 min, resulting in a kobs value of 1.1 min−1, comparable with that measured in an enzymatic ligation system by using the highest commercially available concentration of T4 DNA ligase. Moreover, the CuAAC reaction also exhibited greater selectivity in discriminating C:A or C:T mismatches from the C:G match than that of T4 DNA ligase at 29 °C; a temperature slightly below the perfect nicked duplex dissociation temperature, but above that of the mismatched duplexes. These results suggest that the CuAAC reaction of 3′‐propargyl ether and 5′‐azide‐terminated oligonucleotides represents a complementary alternative to T4 DNA ligase, with similar reaction rates, ease of setup and even enhanced selectivity for certain mismatches.
Color characteristics of white salted, alkaline, and egg noodles prepared from Triticum aestivum L. and a soft kernel durum T. turgidum ssp. durum
Authors: Kiszonas Alecia M. , Ma Dongyun , Fuerst Eugene Patrick , Casper Jeff , Engle Doug A. , Morris Craig F. 
Published: July 2018

AbstractBackground and objectivesDurum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) may have advantages over bread wheat in making various styles of noodles due to low polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and high yellow pigment. However, the very hard kernel texture of durum wheat may pose a hindrance to its expanded utilization. The development of soft kernel durum wheat prompted this research into comparing the color of white salted, alkaline, and egg noodle sheets over time and three levels of hydration for one durum and 10 hexaploid wheat varieties.FindingsAll noodle sheets darkened over time and “varieties” was a major source of variation. PPO activity was a poor predictor of noodle sheet brightness (L*) at 48 hr for all three styles of noodle. The soft durum variety “Soft Svevo” exhibited about average brightness but tended to have low discoloration (ΔL*) over time. The range in the green‐red axis, a*, was small, and all noodle sheets exhibited a small positive increase with most values near the neutral gray value. All noodle sheets were yellow, with Soft Svevo being markedly more yellow in all three formulations. The alkaline pH increased average yellowness by three units overall, but in Soft Svevo, not at all. In some varieties, a decrease in yellow color occurred from 6 to 48 hr.ConclusionsThe low PPO activity of Soft Svevo did not predict an advantage in white salted, alkaline, and egg noodle sheet brightness over the “best” hexaploid wheat varieties. The reason was not resolved but may be related to marked differences in protein content of the flours.Significance and noveltySoft kernel durum wheat exhibited some advantages over hexaploid wheat, particularly in low discoloration (ΔL*) and high yellow color. In no way was soft durum found to be inferior to hexaploid wheat.