bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuation of EAFM Indicators in Raja ampat and Aru Islands Districts
Authors: Mulyana Mulyana 
Published: April 2019

EAFM implementation need indicators that could be used as tools of monotoring and evaluation about to what extent a fisheries management has been aplicated the principles of ecosystem-based management. The aim of study of EAFM indicators valuation is to evaluate the perform of fisheries resources management with approach of EAFM indicators in Raja Ampat and Aru Islands Districts. EAFM indicators include 6 domains that are : (1) fish resources, (2) habitat and ecosystem, (3) fishing techniques, (4) Economy, (5) Social, and (6) institusional. Methods of data taking was carried out with survey method by means of interview/questionnaires and FGD (Foccus Group Discussion). Determination of samples quantity use purposive sampling. The evaluation result against domains of EAFM in Raja Ampat District ranged between 48.3 – 80.0. This is indicate that status of ecosystem-based region management in Raja Ampat District belonging in category noderate till excelent. The evaluation result against domains of EAFM in Aru Islands District ranged between 57.2 – 93.3. This is indicate that status of ecosystem-based region management in Aru Islands District belonging in category m oderate till excelent. Key words: EAFM, indicators, Raja Ampat, Aru Islands
THE INFLUENCE OF STOCKING DENSITY AGAINST SURVIVAL RATE OF CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) ON RECIRCULATION SYSTEM
Authors: Santoso Anjas adi , Muarif Muarif , Rosmawati Rosmawati 
Published: April 2019

One of the technologies to keep the water quality remains optimal ias a recirculation system. This research is aimed to determine the influence of denisity of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) on the recirculation system. Fish test used is catfish fry the age of 2 weeks with average weight 0.58 g and an average length of 2.7 cm as much as 10,000 fish. The experimental research used completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were A (20 fish/liter of water), B (30 fish/liter of water), C (40 fish/liter of water) and D (50 fish/liter of water). The survival rate, the feed efficiency, and water quality has been observed. The results of research showed that the survival rate and the feed efficiency were significantly different (P<0.05). The highest survival rate in this research was in the treatment A (20 fish/liter of water) that was 70.5%. The stocking density of catfish fry of 20 fish/liter of water can be used as basis for the maintenance of catfish fry for reach the optimal survival rate. Key words: Catfish, survival rate, feed efficiency, recirculation
Hubungan Panjang-Berat, Nisbah Kelamin, dan Indeks Kematangan Gonad Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa LINN. 1758) di Perairan Muara Gembong – Bekasi
Authors: Dody Safar , Mumpuni Fia sri , Madi Wahid 
Published: April 2019

This research was conducted in the waters of Muara Gembong, Bekasi, on January to March, 2018. Sampling of blood cockle is carried out in 3 station vertically to the direction of the sea. Determination of station is carried out based on the fishing ground of the fisherman. Analyses of blood cockle is carried out in the Laboratory of the Research Center for Oceanography, LIPI, Ancol – North Jakarta. This research was aimed to analyze the reproductive biological aspects which includes the ratio of gender, the gonad maturity rate, the gonad maturity index, the length-weight relationship, the condition factor of Anadara granosa in the waters of Muara Gembong, Bekasi. The results of observation of 400 samples showed that the length-weight relationship of blood cockle of female and male has the pattern of the negative allometric relationship. The overall ratio of gender between the blood cockle of male and female is 1.3:1. The average value of the gonad maturity index of the male blood cockle is 1.1874 and the value of the gonad maturity index of the female blood cockle is 1.1983. Key words: Anadara granosa, growth, the ratio of gender, gonad maturity index
Effect of Pile and Load Inclination on the Pile Resistance In both Compression and Tension
Authors: Hussain Ahmad Jabber , Salman Alaa Dawood , Mohammad . Nazar Hassan 
Published: April 2019

According to this theoretical study which was about loading of piles under different condition of loading (compression and up-lift forces ) and for deferent pile installation (vertical and inclined pile ) by which it called (positive batter pile ) when the inclination of the load and pile is in the same direction and called (negative batter pile) when the inclination of load is opposite to the pile inclination, and from studying these cases the results of analysis can be summarize in the flowing points:
1-Variation of load inclination on piles effects on the bearing capacity and uplift resistance. It was found that bearing capacity of the piles increase with increasing of load inclination up to the inclination angle (37.5ͦ) which represents the maximum bearing capacity and then the bearing capacity decrease with increasing of load inclination.
2- Variation of batter pile affects the bearing capacity of the pile and up-lift resistance. by which equivalent angle will be used as result between the load and piles inclination and this angle will be used in calculation of piles resistance .
3- It was noticed the shape of soil failure is highly affected by the inclination of pile.
The shape of failure for the soil which is in contact with pile and this include (vertical and batter piles) is highly affected by the angle of inclination.
Effect of Adding Polypropylene Fiber on The Behavior of Saline Soil under Washing and soaking
Authors: Imariq Saleem Mahmood 
Published: April 2019

Saline soil is a soil rich with salt resulting from evaporation of irrigation water. This soil has good engineering properties when dry, but once is wetted it loses its entire structure (collapse) and undergoes very large instantaneous settlement. The soil is brought from Al-Dalmaj district. A square footing 50mm×50mm made of steel is used. The stress is applied from a fixed loading system designed especially for model tests.
In this study effect of adding Polypropylene fiber as percentage 1%,3% by weight on behavior of saline soil at the same loading level was investigated and shows improving in results in collapsibility of soil by percent 62% in percent adding 1%.
Experimental Investigation on The Ferrocement Slabs With A Sifcon Matrix
Authors: Jaafer Abdulkhaliq Abdulyimah 
Published: April 2019

The present study conducts to investigate the effect of Slurry Infiltration Fiber Concrete (SIFCON) matrix on flexural response of Ferro cement slabs. For this purpose a total of 14 Ferro cement slabs with SIFCON of size (500*120*25 mm) are cast and tested. The major variables studied in this investigation include the number of mesh layers and various volume ratio of discrete steel fiber (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10%). Structural performance parameters used for comparisons are load–deflection curves, ultimate load and corresponding deflection at failure, energy absorption and failure mode and crack pattern. The inclusion of SIFCON in the Ferro cement slabs can significantly improve its flexural strength and energy absorption may be concluded. Furthermore, reduction in crack width with a large number of cracks is observed in specimens contain SIFCON compared to control specimens.
The Assessment of the Quality of Water Treatment Plants Effluent of Basrah City for Irrigation
Authors: Hamdan Ahmed Naseh Ahmed 
Published: April 2019

The study included the assessment of the quality of the effluent of water treatment plants for irrigation uses. Eleven water treatment plants were selected in Basrah city center and surrounding areas which are Al-bradaiah1, Al-bradaiah2, Al-Ribat, R-Zero, Garmma1, Garmma2, Al Maqil, Al Jubila, Shatt Al_Arab, Al Hartha, and Al Basrah unified. One sample monthly were taken from these stations' effluent during January to December 2013, and the water samples were analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), chloride (Cl-), sulphate (SO4), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na+), potassium (K), bicarbonate(HCO3), and carbonate (CO3-2). Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Exchangeable Sodium Percentage (ESP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) were calculated by using standard equations, but EC and SAR were plotted on Richard diagram it is illustrated that water samples of R- Zero and Al- Maqil located in the class of C3-S1 representing high salinity with low sodium, which can be used for irrigation to all soil types with a minimum risk of exchangeable sodium, water samples of Al- Bradaiah1, Al- Bradaiah2, Garmma1 , Garmma2, Al Jubaila and Shatt Al-Arab located in the class of C4-S2, of very high salinity and medium sodium which is considered poor. Al- Basrah unified, Al Hartha and Al Ribat located in the class of C3-S2, of high salinity and medium sodium, which is considered as Marginal. The results of the study revealed that R- Zero, Al Maqil has a good water quality for irrigation and the rest need a more interesting in treatment, or reduce the rate of mixing with Shatt Al–Arab River.
Statistical Evaluation for claims and disputes in construction contracts
Authors: Abd Ali Raid Saleem , Yassin Nooran kanaan 
Published: April 2019

This research aims to diagnose and identify the causes of claims and disputes between the contractor and the employer, also review the methods used to resolve disputes in construction contracts. In order to achieve the goal of the research, scientific methodology is followed to collect information and data on the subject of claims and disputes in construction projects in Iraq through personal interviews and questionnaire form. The most important results in this research are: the price schedule contract as a kind of competitive contracts is the most important and guarantee for the completion of minimum level of claims and disputes with relative importance of (84.1), compared with the (cost plus a percentage of the cost contract) as a kind of negotiating contracts is the most relative importance of (79.6), and the turnkey contract as a kind of special contracts is the most relative importance of (74.2). The contractor and his agents are one of the most influence sources in occurring claims and disputes in construction contracts with relative importance of (77.4) followed by the contract documents with relative importance of (74.2) and then the employer with relative importance of (73.2). In addition to the long period of litigation and the multiplicity of veto grades are most negative when contractual disputes have resolved by it, and with relative importance of (86), followed by the large number of issues and lack of efficiency and specialty of Judges with relative importance (78.4). Finally, the direct negotiation method (relative importance of 77) is one of the most friendly settlement ways favored by conflicted parties, while the resolution of disputes and claims board (relative importance of 10) occupied the last rank in the friendly settlement ways.
التقيد بالنص القرآني عند روبين والترجمة الى العبرية بلغة مبسطة
Authors: جاسم عباس مطلب , حمادي براء خلف 
Published: April 2019

من خلال قراءتنا للنص القرآني على يد روبين توضحت امامنا الكثير من الحقائق واستطعنا ان نجدها حصراً .
1 – ان النص القرآني كما هو معروف هو صورة بلاغية تحتوي على العديد من الدلالات التي يصعب على المترجم نقلها بالتفصيل ما لم يكن هو من اصل الحضارة .
2 – لقد اتسمت الترجمة على العموم بأنها ترجمة مضمونية وان الكثير من الآيات الكريمة لم تترجم بشكل دقيق سوى ان فيها التبسيط وهذا يعني انها ترجمة بتصرف ، ويمكن العودة الى الامثلة المشار اليها في المتن .
3 – في عدة آيات يحاول المترجم اختزال النص في محاولة منه الى التبسيط أو التقيد بالنص القرآني ليتخذ من بين ذلك سبيل للخروج بالترجمة بشكل واضح وبسيط أمام القاريء اليهودي مما افقده الامانة العلمية .
4 – تلبية احتياجات المتلقي اليهودي ترجمة روبين للقرآن الكريم بالعبرية المبسطة مع مراعاة البعد البلاغي للقرآن وهذا لا يتوافق مع قداسة النص القرآني حيث اراد ان يثبت للقاريء اليهودي ان اللغة العبرية قادرة على استيعاب معاني القرآن الكريم وهي لغة ليست فقيرة بالمفردات.
5 – ان التقديم والتأخير في الترجمات الادبية يمكن ان يحصل لكن في ترجمة القرآن لا يمكن واذا حدث لا يمكن فهم النص بصورة صحيحة عند تطبيق هذا الاسلوب .
6 – في محاولة فاشلة لروبين بتشكيل ترجمة القرآن الكريم من اجل التبسيط أمام اليهود وهذا ما يحدث مع اليهود عندما يقومون بتشكيل النص التوراتي مع بقية اسفار العهد القديم المتداول بينهم الآن وما حدث ايضاً في ترجمة الانجيل الى العبرية .
7 – رغم الجهد الكبير الذي بذله روبين في ترجمة القرآن الكريم استنتج الباحثون حقيقة ان المستشرقين اليهود مازالوا حتى الآن بحاجة ماسة الى مراجعة انفسهم وتقبل الحوار الموضوعي مع الآخرين .
Evaluation of occurrence of sesamoid bones in the lower extremity radiographs
Authors: Ghimire Indu , Maharjan Surendra , Pokharel Ganesh Bahadur , Subedi Kamal 
Published: April 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the plain AP radiograph of foot and lateral radiograph of knee in order to determine the prevalence and size of sesamoid bone in different part of foot and on the posterior aspect of the knee joint. A cross-sectional study was performed in Department of Radiology and Imaging, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital from July to September 2014. A total of 206 radiographs of foot (55) and knee (155) were collected. 121 (58.7%) were female and 85 (41.3%) were male. The most common site of sesamoid bone in foot was in the first metatarsal joint (96.4%) whereas the sesamoid bone in knee joint, fabella was found in 12.3% of total cases. The prevalence is more common in female than in male. The length and breadth of the sesamoid bones were measured and then area of bones was calculated. The size of medial and lateral sesamoid bone in the first MTP Joint was measured 0.6225 cm2 and 0.8261 cm2 respectively. The mean size of sesamoid bone of knee, fabella was 0.2818 cm2.
Factors influencing malnutrition among the children of under 5 years
Authors: Bajracharya Shanti , Subedi Anup 
Published: April 2019

Objectives: Childhood is the time of active growth in terms of physical size, mental, emotional and psychological development. Nutritional status is the proxy indicator for assessing the health status of the entire population and one of the major predictors of child survival. Despite the various efforts, malnutrition among children is remaining as one of the major public health problems in Nepal.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the factors influencing malnutrition among the mother of the children aged 6 to 59 months.
Method: A descriptive exploratory study using non-probability purposive sampling method was conducted with 79 paired of mother with children, residing in Itahari ward number 2. Data were collected by interview technique using semi-structured questionnaires and analysis was done by using SPSS version 20 using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The mean age of the child was 32 months and standard deviation was 17.05. The prevalence of underweight, wasting and stunting was found to be 16.4%, 11.3 % and 7.6% respectively. Likewise, 17.06 % of the children were found below < -2 S.D on the basis of BMI per age of the children. Furthermore, it was found that there was significant association between educational status of mother with the malnutrition (underweight) as p-value was <0.05.
Conclusion: Malnutrition is the major health problem in under 5 children. The prevalence of malnutrition can be decreased by improving the caretaker’s educational level through different awareness programmes based on the factors responsible for that.
Penguat Jembatan sebagai Pengganda Daya Penguat
Authors: Murtianta Budihardja 
Published: April 2019

Penguat audio mempunyai daya maksimual tertentu karena besar tegangan atau arus keluaran terbatas pada suatu nilai tertentu. Tegangan keluaran maksimum terbatas pada besar tegangan catu dayanya dan arus keluaran maksimum terbatas pada batas arus dari transistor daya atau penguat operasi pada penguat akhirnya. Ada 2 cara untuk memperbesar daya keluaran penguat akhir (power amplifier) audio tersebut, yaitu memperbesar tegangan keluaran (bridged modes) atau memperbesar arus keluaran (paralleled modes) penguat akhir audio. Pada tulisan ini akan dibahas tentang memperbesar daya penguat akhir audio dengan metode jembatan atau bridged modes. Prinsip Penguat Jembatan ini juga dikenal dengan Bridge -Tied Load (BTL) atau Bridged Transformerless. Penguat akhir audio yang dipergunakan adalah cepis TDA2050. Besaran yang akan dilihat dan diukur adalah bati, masukan, keluaran dan impedansi penguat jembatan dibandingkan dengan penguat biasa. Secara teoritis pada penguat jembatan tegangan keluarannya bisa ditingkatkan 2x, maka dayanya akan meningkat 4x dengan beban yang sama.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia: an international multicenter study
Authors: Kano Hideyuki , Urgosik Dusan , Liscak Roman , Pollock Bruce E. , Cohen-Inbar Or , Sheehan Jason P. , Sharma Mayur , Silva Danilo , Barnett Gene H. , Mathieu David , Sisterson Nathaniel D. , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVEThe goal of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) when used for patients with intractable idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia.METHODSSix participating centers of the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation identified 22 patients who underwent SRS for intractable glossopharyngeal neuralgia between 1998 and 2015. The median patient age was 60 years (range 34–83 years). The median duration of symptoms before SRS was 46 months (range 1–240 months). Three patients had unsuccessful prior surgical procedures, including microvascular decompression (MVD) (n = 2) and balloon compression (n = 1). The radiosurgical target was the glossopharyngeal meatus. The median maximum dose was 80 Gy.RESULTSThe median follow-up was 45 months after SRS (range 6–120 months). Twelve patients (55%) had < 4 years of follow-up. Thirteen patients (59%) had initial complete pain relief at a median of 12 days after SRS (range 1–60 days). Three patients (14%) had partial pain relief at a median of 70 days after SRS (range 60–90 days). Six patients (27%) had no pain relief. Among 16 patients with initial pain relief, 5 maintained complete pain relief without medication (Barrow Neurological Institute [BNI] pain intensity score Grade I), 1 maintained occasional pain relief without medication (BNI Grade II), 3 maintained complete pain relief with medication (BNI Grade IIIb), and 7 patients had pain recurrence at a median of 20 months after SRS (range 6–120 months). The rates of maintenance of adequate pain relief (BNI Grades I–IIIb) were 63% at 1 year, 49% at 2 years, 38% at 3 years, 38% at 5 years, and 28% at 7 years. When 7 patients without pain recurrence within 4 years of follow-up were excluded, the rates of maintenance of adequate pain relief were 38% at 5 years and 28% at 7 years. Ten patients required additional procedures (MVD, n = 4; repeat SRS, n = 5; glossopharyngeal nerve block, n = 1). Four of 5 patients who underwent repeat SRS maintained pain relief (BNI Grade I, n = 3; and BNI Grade IIIb, n = 1). No adverse effects of radiation were observed after a single SRS. Two patients developed hyperesthesia in the palatoglossal arch 5 and 8 months after repeat SRS, respectively.CONCLUSIONSStereotactic radiosurgery for intractable, medically refractory glossopharyngeal neuralgia provided lasting pain reduction in 55% of patients after 1 or 2 SRS procedures. Patients who had a poor response or pain recurrence may require additional procedures such as repeat SRS, MVD, nerve blocks, or nerve section. No patient developed changes in vocal cord function or swallowing disorders after SRS in this study.
Three-dimensional assessment of the effects of high-density embolization material on the absorbed dose in the target for Gamma Knife radiosurgery of arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Watanabe Yoichi , Sandhu Divyajot , Warmington Leighton , Moen Sean , Tummala Ramachandra 
Published: April 2019

OBJECTIVEArteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an intracranial vascular disorder. Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is used in conjunction with intraarterial embolization to eradicate the nidus of AVMs. Clinical results indicate that patients with prior embolization tend to gain less benefit from GKRS. The authors hypothesized that this was partly caused by dosimetric deficiency. The actual dose delivered to the target may be smaller than the intended dose because of increased photon attenuation by high-density embolic materials. The authors performed a phantom-based study to quantitatively evaluate the 3D dosimetric effect of embolic material on GKRS.METHODSA 16-cm-diameter and 12-cm-long cylindrical phantom with a 16-cm-diameter hemispherical dome was printed by a 3D printer. The phantom was filled with radiologically tissue-equivalent polymer gel. To simulate AVM treatment with embolization, phantoms contained Onyx 18. The material was injected into an AVM model, which was suspended in the polymer gel. The phantom was attached to a Leksell frame by standard GK fixation method, using aluminum screws, for imaging. The phantom was scanned by a Phillips CT scanner with the standard axial-scanning protocol (120 kV and 1.5-mm slice thickness). CT-based treatment planning was performed with the GammaPlan treatment planning system (version 10.1.1). The plan was created to cover a fictitious AVM target volume near the embolization areas with eleven 8-mm shots and a prescription dose of 20 Gy to 50% isodose level. Dose distributions were computed using both tissue maximum ratio (TMR) 10 and convolution dose-calculation algorithms. These two 3D dose distributions were compared using an in-house program. Additionally, the same analysis method was applied to evaluate the dosimetric effects for 2 patients previously treated by GKRS.RESULTSThe phantom-based analyses showed that the mean dose difference between TMR 10 and convolution doses of the AVM target was no larger than 6%. The difference for GKRS cases was 5%. There were small areas where a large dose difference was observed on the isodose line plots, and those differences were mostly at or in the vicinity of the embolization materials.CONCLUSIONSThe results of both the phantom and patient studies showed a dose reduction no larger than 5% due to the embolization material placed near the target. Although the comparison of 3D dose distributions indicated small local effects of the embolic material, the clinical impact on the obliteration rate is expected to be small.