bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Quantra Hologic Volumetric Computerized Breast Density Software in Comparison With Manual Interpretation in a Diverse Population
Authors: Richard-Davis Gloria , Whittemore Brianna , Disher Anthony , Rice Valerie Montgomery , Lenin Rathinasamy B , Dollins Camille , Siegel Eric R , Eswaran Hari 
Published: February 2018

Objective: Increased mammographic breast density is a well-established risk factor for breast cancer development, regardless of age or ethnic background. The current gold standard for categorizing breast density consists of a radiologist estimation of percent density according to the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) criteria. This study compares paired qualitative interpretations of breast density on digital mammograms with quantitative measurement of density using Hologic’s Food and Drug Administration–approved R2 Quantra volumetric breast density assessment tool. Our goal was to find the best cutoff value of Quantra-calculated breast density for stratifying patients accurately into high-risk and low-risk breast density categories. Methods: Screening digital mammograms from 385 subjects, aged 18 to 64 years, were evaluated. These mammograms were interpreted by a radiologist using the ACR’s BI-RADS density method, and had quantitative density measured using the R2 Quantra breast density assessment tool. The appropriate cutoff for breast density–based risk stratification using Quantra software was calculated using manually determined BI-RADS scores as a gold standard, in which scores of D3/D4 denoted high-risk densities and D1/D2 denoted low-risk densities. Results: The best cutoff value for risk stratification using Quantra-calculated breast density was found to be 14.0%, yielding a sensitivity of 65%, specificity of 77%, and positive and negative predictive values of 75% and 69%, respectively. Under bootstrap analysis, the best cutoff value had a mean ± SD of 13.70% ± 0.89%. Conclusions: Our study is the first to publish on a North American population that assesses the accuracy of the R2 Quantra system at breast density stratification. Quantitative breast density measures will improve accuracy and reliability of density determination, assisting future researchers to accurately calculate breast cancer risks associated with density increase.
Late Presentation of Infected Silicone Granulomas in the Lower Limb
Authors: Jessop Zita M , Welck Matthew , Zinser Emily , Garlick Nicholas , Hopkins Susan 
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Dermal fillers are used for multiple cosmetic indications including gluteal and thigh augmentation. Complications, although infrequent, are increasing due to the dramatic growth of dermal filler use. Our aim was to describe how the complication of infected silicone granulomas can present following lower limb augmentation. Methods: Two cases presented with pain, oedema, and erythema at the site of previous silicone filler injection, following a considerable delay after the last injection (range 4-7 years). We collected data on their biochemistry, haematology, histology, microbiology, and imaging at the time of presentation. Results: Complications included prolonged cellulitis with recurrent abscesses at sites of previous silicone dermal filler injection. Histology revealed infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells suggestive of silicone granuloma in both cases. Patients were reluctant to divulge use of cosmetic fillers or failed to recognise their significance given the time delay making diagnosis difficult. Delayed or recurring infections can suggest the presence of atypical organisms and we present the first reported case of silicone granuloma infection with Propionibacterium acnes. Conclusions: Microorganisms can induce immune-mediated hypersensitivity and are believed to be the trigger for delayed activation of a quiescent foreign body to a granulomatous reaction. The substantial time delay between injection and reaction must be recognised and may be attributable to atypical microorganisms or biofilm formation. Previous antibiotic use can affect expedient microbiological diagnosis and treatment requires close collaboration with microbiologists. It is important that clinicians are aware of these important complications which are becoming more common with increased use of filler augmentation.
Nocturnal polyuria: Literature review of definition, pathophysiology, investigations and treatment
Authors: Kass-Iliyya Antoine , Hashim Hashim 
Published: February 2018

Nocturnal polyuria (NP) is characterised by increased urine production overnight in comparison to daytime. It has significant adverse events in adults including reduced quality of life, increased risk of falls and increased mortality. Although NP can be a manifestation of other significant conditions like heart failure and sleep apnoea, there are lots of unanswered questions about NP. What is the underlying pathophysiology? Is NP a physiological manifestation of ageing? Is the circadian change of vasopressin release the primary pathology? Or is it a secondary phenomenon to a low diurnal production of urine? Is the primary pathology at the kidney level or is there another humoral, cardiac, or endovascular element? In this article, we summarise the available English-language literature on the subject of NP, including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Level of evidence: Not applicable for this multicentre audit.
Sarcoidosis mortality in Sweden: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Rossides Marios , Kullberg Susanna , Askling Johan , Eklund Anders , Grunewald Johan , Arkema Elizabeth V. 
Published: February 2018

We aimed to investigate sarcoidosis mortality in a large, population-based cohort, taking into account disease heterogeneity.Individuals with incident sarcoidosis (n=8207) were identified from the Swedish National Patient Register using International Classification of Disease codes (2003‒2013). In a subset, cases receiving treatment ±3 months from diagnosis were identified from the Prescribed Drug Register. Nonsarcoidosis comparators from the general population were matched to cases 10:1 on birth year, sex and county. Individuals were followed for all-cause death in the Cause of Death Register. Adjusted mortality rates, rate differences and hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated, stratifying by age, sex and treatment status.The mortality rate was 11.0 per 1000 person-years in sarcoidosisversus6.7 in comparators (rate difference 2.7 per 1000 person-years). The HR for death was 1.61 (95% CI 1.47‒1.76), with no large variation by age or sex. For cases not receiving treatment within the first 3 months, the HR was 1.13 (95% CI 0.94‒1.35). The HR was 2.34 (95% CI 1.99‒2.75) for those receiving treatment.Individuals with sarcoidosis are at a higher risk of death compared to the general population. For the majority, the increased risk is small. However, patients whose disease leads to treatment around diagnosis have a two-fold increased risk of death. Future interventions should focus on this vulnerable group.
The role of air pollution and lung function in cognitive impairment
Authors: Hüls Anke , Vierkötter Andrea , Sugiri Dorothea , Abramson Michael J. , Ranft Ulrich , Krämer Ursula , Schikowski Tamara 
Published: February 2018

Air pollution has been associated with impaired lung and cognitive function, especially impairment in visuo-construction performance (VCP). In this article, we evaluate whether the effect of air pollution on VCP is mediated by lung function.We used data from the SALIA cohort (baseline 1985–1994 and follow-up 2007–2010) including 587 women aged 55 years at baseline. Particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) exposures at baseline were estimated via land-use regression models. Lung function was characterised by averages between baseline and follow-up. We used age- and height-controlled Global Lung Initiative (GLI) z-scores of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC. VCP was assessed at follow-up with the CERAD-Plus neuropsychological test battery and causal mediation analysis was conducted.An increase of one interquartile range in FEV1and FVC was positively associated with VCP (β=0.18 (95% CI 0.02–0.34) and β=0.23 (95% CI 0.07–0.39), respectively). The proportion of the association between NO2on VCP mediated by FEV1was 6.2% and this was higher in never smokers (7.2%) and non-carriers of theAPOE-ε4allele (11.2%). However, none of the mediations were statistically significant.In conclusion, air pollution associated VCP was partially mediated by lung function. Further studies on the mechanisms underlying this pathway are required to develop new strategies to prevent air pollution induced cognitive impairment.
Comparing and optimizing ultraviolet germicidal irradiation systems use for patient room terminal disinfection: an exploratory study using radiometry and commercial test cards
Authors: Masse Vincent , Hartley Michael J. , Edmond Michael B. , Diekema Daniel J. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Background
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) systems are gaining popularity, however objective comparisons of their characteristics are lacking. While environmental cultures and reduction of hospital-associated infections rates are excellent study endpoints, they are impractical for centers with limited resources who want to compare or optimize UVGI systems use.

Methods
We evaluated radiometry and commercial test cards, two simple and low cost tools, to compare 2 full size UVGI systems (Tru-D and Optimum-UV Enlight) and 2 small units (Lumalier EDU 435 and MRSA-UV Turbo-UV).

Results
Radiometry-derived output curves show that if both large devices emit enough energy to reach C. difficile lethal doses at 10 ft, the reduction in output in distance is almost perfectly logarithmic. In a patient room environment, Enlight and Tru-D performed similarly when compared using radiometry and commercial test cards. The two small devices reached C. difficile range around the bathroom with the device raised above the floor, but longer times are needed.

Conclusions
Despite different workflows and price points, no clear superiority emerges between Tru-D and Enlight. Bathroom disinfection should be dealt with separately from the main room and small, cheaper units can be used. Radiometry and commercial test cards are promising ways to compare UVGI systems, but further validation is needed using correlation with environmental cultures.

Trial registration
Not applicable.
Maintenance for Repaired RC Column Exposed to Chloride Attack Based on Probability Distribution of Service Life
Authors: Jung Sang-Hwa , Yang Hyun-Min , Yang Keun-Hyeok , Kwon Seung-Jun 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Chloride attack is one of the most critical deterioration due to rapid corrosion initiation and propagation which can cause structural safety problem. Extended service life through repairing is very important for determination of maintenance strategy. Conventionally adopted models for estimation of life cycle cost have shown step-shaped elevation of cost, however the extension of service life is much affected by quality of construction and repairing materials, which means engineering uncertainties in residual service life. In the paper, reinforced concrete column with three different mix proportions exposed to chloride attack are considered, and repairing numbers with related costs are evaluated through probabilistic technique for maintenance. With a given exposure condition, service lives with normal probabilistic distribution are considered, and the effect of design parameters such as coefficient of variation of service life and 1st repairing timing are investigated. The comparison of results from conventional approach (step-function) and probabilistic approach are performed. When calculating repair frequency for intended service life through probabilistic model, the required repair frequency is evaluated to be 6.71 times for OPC, 4.09 times for SG30, and 2.95 times for SG50, respectively. The probabilistic model for repairing cost is evaluated to be effective for reducing the repair frequency reasonably with changing the intended service life and design parameters.
Prevalence, factors and reasons associated with missed first appointments among out-patients with schizophrenia at the Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City
Authors: Ibironke Thomas Felicia , Osasu Olotu Sunday , Ohiole Omoaregba Joyce 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundNon-attendance to clinic appointments is associated with poorer treatment outcomes. There is a dearth of information about missed first clinic appointments among patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria.AimsTo determine the prevalence, correlates and reasons for missed first appointment among out-patients with schizophrenia at the Federal Neuro-Psychiatric Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria.MethodA cross-sectional descriptive study among 275 out-patients with schizophrenia, using the Mini International Neuro-Psychiatric Interview and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale.ResultsThe prevalence of missed first appointment was 31%. Higher BPRS score was associated with missing the appointment. The main reasons for missed appointments were: forgetting the appointment date and patient's refusal to come to the clinic.ConclusionsMissed first out-patient clinic appointment is common among patients with schizophrenia at the study site, forgetting appointment dates being a common reason. Among other recommendations, methods of reminding patients and caregivers of appointment dates at the study location may need to be explored.Declaration of interestNone.
Assessing the readability of the self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
Authors: Patalay Praveetha , Hayes Daniel , Wolpert Miranda 
Published: February 2018

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most widely used measures in child and adolescent mental health in clinical practice, community-based screening and research. Assessing the readability of such questionnaires is important as young people may not comprehend items above their reading ability when self-reporting. Analyses of readability in the present study indicate that the self-report SDQ might not be suitable for young people with a reading age below 13–14 years and highlight differences in readability between subscales. The findings suggest a need for caution in using the SDQ as a self-report measure for children below the age of 13, and highlight considerations of readability in measure development, selection and interpretation.Declaration of interestNone.
Home-Based e-Health Platform for Multidimensional Telemonitoring of Symptoms, Body Weight, Sleep, and Circadian Activity: Relevance for Chronomodulated Administration of Irinotecan, Fluorouracil-Leucovorin, and Oxaliplatin at Home—Results From a Pilot Study
Authors: Innominato Pasquale , Komarzynski Sandra , Karaboué Abdoulaye , Ulusakarya Ayhan , Bouchahda Mohamed , Haydar Mazen , Bossevot-Desmaris Rachel , Mocquery Magali , Plessis Virginie , Lévi Francis 
Published: February 2018

Purpose To assess the impact of chronomodulated irinotecan fluorouracil-leucovorin and oxaliplatin (chronoIFLO4) delivered at home on the daily life of patients with cancer in real time using a home-based e-Health multifunction and multiuser platform. This involved multidimensional telemonitoring of circadian rest-activity rhythm (CircAct), sleep, patient-reported outcome measures, and body weight changes (BWCs). Patients and Methods Patients received chronoIFLO4 fortnightly at home. Patients completed the 19-item MD Anderson Symptom Inventory on an interactive electronic screen, weighed themselves on a dedicated scale, and continuously wore a wrist accelerometer for CircAct and sleep monitoring. Daily data were securely teletransmitted to a specific server accessible by the hospital team. The clinically relevant CircAct parameter dichotomy index I < O and sleep efficiency (SE) were calculated. The dynamic patterns over time of patient-reported outcome measures, BWC, I < O, and SE informed the oncology team on tolerance in real time. Results The platform was installed in the home of 11 patients (48 to 72 years of age; 45% men; 27% with performance status = 0), who were instructed on its use on site. They received 26 cycles and provided 5,891 data points of 8,736 expected (67.4%). The most severe MD Anderson Symptom Inventory scores were: interference with work (mean: 5.1 of 10) or general activity (4.9), fatigue (4.9), distress (4.2), and appetite loss (3.6). Mean BWC was −0.9%, and mean SE remained > 82%. CircAct disruption (I < O ≤ 97.5%) was observed in four (15%) cycles before chronoIFLO4 start and in five (19%) cycles at day 14. Conclusion The patient-centered multidimensional telemonitoring solution implemented here was well accepted by patients receiving multidrug chemotherapy at home. Moreover, it demonstrated that chronoIFLO4 was a safe therapeutic option. Such integrated technology allows the design of innovative management approaches, ultimately improving patients’ experience with chemotherapy, wellbeing, and outcomes.
Validating upstream regulators of Yorkie activity in Hippo signaling through scalloped-based genetic epistasis
Authors: Yu Jianzhong , Pan Duojia 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Genetic studies in Drosophila have been instrumental in characterizing the Hippo pathway, which converges on the co-activator Yorkie to regulate target gene transcription. A routinely used strategy to interrogate upstream regulators of Yorkie involves the examination of selected Hippo target genes upon loss or gain of function of a suspected pathway regulator. A caveat with this strategy is that aberrant expression of a given Hippo target per se does not distinguish whether it is caused by changes in Yorkie or Yorkie-independent inputs converging on the same target gene. Building on previous findings that the DNA-binding transcription factor Scalloped mediates both Yorkie overexpression and loss-of-function phenotypes yet is itself dispensable for normal eye development, we describe a simple strategy to distinguish these possibilities by analyzing double-mutant clones of scalloped and a suspected Yorkie regulator. We provide proof of principle that this strategy can be used effectively to validate canonical Yorkie regulators and to exclude proteins that impact target expression independent of Yorkie. The described methodology and reagents should facilitate efforts to assess the expanding repertoire of proteins implicated in regulation of Yorkie activity.
Lineage- and stage-specific expressed CYCD7;1 coordinates the single symmetric division that creates stomatal guard cells
Authors: Weimer Annika K. , Matos Juliana L. , Sharma Nidhi , Patell Farah , Murray James A. H. , Dewitte Walter , Bergmann Dominique C. 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT
Plants, with cells fixed in place by rigid walls, often utilize spatial and temporally distinct cell division programs to organize and maintain organs. This leads to the question of how developmental regulators interact with the cell cycle machinery to link cell division events with particular developmental trajectories. In Arabidopsis leaves, the development of stomata, two-celled epidermal valves that mediate plant-atmosphere gas exchange, relies on a series of oriented stem cell-like asymmetric divisions followed by a single symmetric division. The stomatal lineage is embedded in a tissue in which other cells transition from proliferation to postmitotic differentiation earlier, necessitating stomatal lineage-specific factors to prolong competence to divide. We show that the D-type cyclin, CYCD7;1, is specifically expressed just prior to the symmetric guard cell-forming division, and that it is limiting for this division. Further, we find that CYCD7;1 is capable of promoting divisions in multiple contexts, likely through RBR1-dependent promotion of the G1/S transition, but that CYCD7;1 is regulated at the transcriptional level by cell type-specific transcription factors that confine its expression to the appropriate developmental window.
Preparation of Monodisperse LiCoO2 Hollow Particles by Membrane Emulsification Using Anodic Porous Alumina
Authors: Yanagishita Takashi , Inoue Taito , Kondo Toshiaki , Masuda Hideki 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Monodisperse LiCoO2 hollow particles were prepared by membrane emulsification using ordered anodic porous alumina. An aqueous solution containing metal salts and a chelating agent was used as the dispersed phase for the emulsification. The uniform-sized emulsion droplets formed by membrane emulsification were solidified on a filter membrane by drying in air. LiCoO2 hollow particles were formed by calcination of the precursor particles. The obtained monodisperse particles are expected to be suitable for use as an active cathode material for Li-ion batteries because of their large surface area and uniform size.
Vascular Nitric Oxide–Superoxide Balance and Thrombus Formation after Acute Exercise
Authors: PRZYBOROWSKI KAMIL , PRONIEWSKI BARTOSZ , CZARNY JOANNA , SMEDA MARTA , SITEK BARBARA , ZAKRZEWSKA AGNIESZKA , ZOLADZ JERZY A. , CHLOPICKI STEFAN 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

Introduction
An acute bout of strenuous exercise in humans results in transient impairment of nitric oxide (NO)–dependent function, but it remains unknown whether this phenomenon is associated with increased risk of thrombotic events after exercise. This study aimed to evaluate effects of a single bout of exhaustive running in mice on the balance of vascular NO/reactive oxygen species production, and on thrombogenicity.

Methods
At different time points (0, 2, and 4 h) after exercise and in sedentary C57BL/6 mice, the production of NO and superoxide (•O2
−) in aorta was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping and by dihydroethidium/high-performance liquid chromatography–based method, respectively, whereas collagen-induced thrombus formation was analyzed in a microchip-based flow-chamber system (total thrombus-formation analysis system). We also measured pre- and postexercise plasma concentration of nitrite/nitrate and 6-keto-PGF1α.

Results
An acute bout of exhaustive running in mice resulted in decreased production of NO and increased production of •O2
− in aorta, with maximum changes 2 h after completion of exercise when compared with sedentary mice. However, platelet thrombus formation was not changed by exercise as evidenced by unaltered time to start of thrombus formation, capillary occlusion time, and total thrombogenicity (area under the flow pressure curve) as measured in a flow-chamber system. Strenuous exercise increased the plasma concentration of nitrite but did not affect nitrate and 6-keto-PGF1α concentrations.

Conclusion
An acute bout of strenuous exercise in mice reduced NO and in parallel increased •O2
− production in aorta. This response was most pronounced 2 h after exercise. Surprisingly, the reduced NO and increased •O2
− production in mice after exercise did not result in increased platelet-dependent thrombogenicity. These results show that transient reduction in NO bioavailability does not modify thromboresistance in healthy mice after exercise.