bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Long-term Strategy for Energy and Cost Performance Improvement of Existing Residential Buildings: Step-by-step Renovation in Turkey
Authors: Ashrafian Touraj , Yilmaz Zerrin , Moazzen Nazanin 
Published: August 2019

Recast version of Energy Performance of Building Directive (EPBD-Recast) obligate member states to keep the cost analysis in parallel with the energy analysis during the renovation actions for the existing building by taking the cost-optimal level of minimum energy performance requirement to the account. Although this cost-optimal level is indicating the minimum cost level for a period, it can provide buildings’ owners with an enormous initial cost. One of the most challenging barriers to energy efficient and cost-optimal renovation of existing buildings is the reluctance of owners to involve in their project as an investor due to the high cost of application. Particularly in developing countries, such reluctance is more tangible as the governments are not capable of providing enough financial incentives for owners due to a large number of buildings that should be renovated and small available budget. A proper solution for the problem is to divide necessary actions for each building to certain sub-actions and apply them as a step-by-step renovation project. On the other hand, the progressive application of renovation activities has some restrictions. It is necessary to define the due amount for households and keep the cost of each step within the payable range.
Moreover, the low rate of building renovation which affects the EU goals can be improved remarkably by application of step-by-step actions not only by increasing the number of owners’ contributions but also by improving the time of implementation, proper distribution of skilled labours and directed economic resources. This paper aims to assess the step-by-step application of the energy efficient renovation actions through energy and cost analysis under Turkey’s climatic, economic and sociological conditions. One of 26 reference residential buildings in Turkey is analysed in this paper. The due amount for each step is defined, and some renovation actions and their combinations applied to the case building and the results compared with the base condition. Then a proper combination of measures established based on the cost-optimal analyses. These appropriately combined actions are then divided into some sub-actions; following this, cost and energy studies are conducted again to determine the appropriate arrangement of sub-actions.
Die vier Schockformen – Teil 1: hypovolämisch-hämorrhagischer Schock
Authors: Wunderl Martin , Tharmaratnam Gayathiri , Schebler Karoline , Jacko Tobias , Gässler Holger , Hossfeld Björn 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungIn der Notfallmedizin begegnen dem Notarzt regelmäßig „Schockpatienten“ unterschiedlicher Genese. Mögen die Schockformen auf den ersten Blick sehr ähnlich aussehen, beeinflussen doch einige relevante Unterschiede in der jeweiligen Pathophysiologie die notärztliche Therapie.
Einfluss hoher Umgebungstemperaturen auf Helikoptercrews der Schweizer Luftwaffe
Authors: Mathieu Yannic , von Wattenwy Robert , Theiler Lorenz , Bron Denis 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie Anforderungen, die auf den täglichen Flugmissionen an die Helikopterbesatzungen der Schweizer Luftwaffe gestellt werden, sind hoch. So umfasst das Aufgabenspektrum neben normalen Personen- und Truppentransporten, komplexe Rettungs- und Kampfmissionen mit mehreren Akteuren. Stressfaktoren, wie enge Platzverhältnisse im Cockpit oder Lärm und Vibrationen der Turbinen sowie Rotoren, erschweren dabei die Arbeit der Piloten. In den Sommermonaten kommen zusätzlich erhebliche Temperaturbelastungen hinzu. Solche hohen Cockpitinnentemperaturen können als physische und psychische Stressoren Einfluss auf die Leistung der Piloten haben und sind somit flugsicherheitstechnisch relevante Parameter. In dieser Pilotstudie der Schweizer Luftwaffe wurden die Auswirkungen von hohen Cockpittemperaturen auf die Helikopterbesatzungen untersucht und die Zusammenhänge zwischen den verschiedenen Umgebungstemperaturen und den objektiv messbaren Körperparameter aufgezeigt.
Association Between Neck Circumference and Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Moradi Sajjad , Mohammadi Hamed , Javaheri Aftab , Ghavami Abed , Rouhani Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2019

AbstractNeck circumference (NC) has been suggested as a predictor for blood pressure disorders. Therefore, we sought to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis regarding the association between NC and blood pressure in adults. Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and Scopus databases, up to March 2018. Studies which reported the correlation coefficient between NC, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were selected. Also, studies reported the odds ratio (OR) of hypertension or pre-hypertension included adults older than 18 years old were selected. Results were pooled using a random-effects model. Of 29 studies included in meta-analysis, 26 studies reported only correlation coefficient, 3 studies reported only odds ratio and 2 studies reported both correlation coefficient and odds ratio. Overall, NC was significantly correlated with SBP [ES (z)=0.20; 95% CI=0.18, 0.23] and DBP [ES (z)=0.20; 95% CI=0.16, 0.24]. Type of correlation coefficient was the sources of observed heterogeneity. Also, NC was directly associated with the risk of hypertension (OR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.06–1.56), but not pre-hypertension (OR=1.18; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.52). Furthermore, subgroup analysis based on the region indicated that the studies conducted in Western regions reported higher risk of HTN in association with NC (OR=1.27; 95% CI: 1.23–1.32), but not among those conducted in the Eastern regions (OR=1.11; 95% CI: 0.96–1.28). NC seems to be a new anthropometric measurement, which is probably a good predictor of elevated blood pressure, especially in the Western population.
Effects of Second-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs Compared to First-Generation Antiepileptic Drugs on Bone Metabolism in Patients with Epilepsy: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fu Jie , Peng Lilei , Li Jinglun , Tao Tao , Chen Yangmei 
Published: August 2019

AbstractWe conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate effects of second-generation anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs; levetiracetam, lamotrigine) compared to first-generation AEDs (valproic acid, carbamazepine) on bone metabolism in epilepsy patients. PubMed, Web of Science, Clinical trials.gov, Wanfang, and China national knowledge infrastructure databases were searched. Ten trials were included. Results showed: (1) The overall SMD for changes of serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP, and PTH levels from baseline of LEV versus first-generation AEDs were 1.00 (95% CI=0.23–1.77, Z=2.56, p=0.01), 0.98 (95% CI=− 0.05 to 2.01, Z=1.86, p=0.06), − 1.17 (95% CI=− 2.08 to − 0.25, Z=2.50, p=0.01), 0.07 (95% CI=− 0.14 to 0.27, Z=0.63, p=0.53), respectively. (2) The overall SMD for changes of serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP, and PTH levels from baseline of LTG versus first-generation AEDs were −0.16 (95% CI=− 0.47 to 0.16, Z=0.99, p=0.32), −0.05 (95% CI=− 0.55 to 0.44, Z=0.22, p=0.83), 0.10 (95% CI=− 0.53 to 0.73, Z=0.31, p=0.75), −0.05 (95% CI=− 0.52 to 0.42, Z=0.22, p=0.83), respectively. Overall, our results indicate that compared to first-generation AEDs, LEV has less adverse effects on blood bone metabolism markers in epilepsy patients, while LTG does not. However, due to small number of included studies, our results warrant additional research.
Spiroergometrie in der erweiterten flugmedizinischen kardiovaskulären Beurteilung
Authors: Steppert Claus , Stumpf Christian 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungDie EU-Verordnung 1178/2011 fordert in speziellen Fällen eine erweiterte kardiovaskuläre Beurteilung, der Umfang ist jedoch nicht spezifiziert. Neben Ergometrie, Echokardiografie und Doppler der Halsgefäße werden vom Luftfahrtbundesamt zahlreiche Laborparameter gefordert. In den Leitlinien zum Management der stabilen koronaren Herzkrankheit ist die Ergometrie weitgehend obsolet. Stress-Echokardiografie und Stress- MRT bieten eine bessere diagnostische und prognostische Beurteilung. Die Spiroergometrie kombiniert die Ergometrie mit einer Messung respiratorischer Parameter. Hierüber kann das Herzzeitvolumen abgeschätzt und ischämische Veränderungen detektiert werden. Die Wertigkeit in der Erkennung ischämischer Veränderungen entspricht der des Stress-MRT bei signifikant niedrigeren Kosten. Bei einer Spiroergometrie ohne Ischämiezeichen ist die negative prädiktive Wertigkeit sehr hoch. Wir empfehlen die Spiroergometerie deshalb als Ersatz teurer prognostischer Untersuchungen.
57-jährige Patientin mit ungewöhnlicher Häufung infektiöser Hauterkrankungen
Authors: Niebel D. , Schwarze-Zander C. , Bieber T. 
Published: August 2019

ZusammenfassungAufgrund des ungewöhnlichen Befundes mehrerer gleichzeitig vorliegender infektiöser dermatologischer Krankheitsbilder wurde bei einer 57-jährigen Patientin eine HIV-Infektion diagnostiziert. Neben der spezifischen antiinfektiösen Therapie gegen nachgewiesene Erreger (Candida albicans und Herpes-simplex-Virus) führte die prompt eingeleitete antiretrovirale Therapie zu einer Senkung der Viruslast unterhalb der Nachweisgrenze und zur Stabilisierung des Immunstatus. Jede nachgewiesene HIV-Infektion sollte behandelt werden; eine sofortiger Behandlungsbeginn aller HIV-positiven Personen kann dazu beitragen, Neuinfektionen einzudämmen. Die moderne antivirale Kombinationstherapie mit „Single Tablet Regimen“ und geringer Nebenwirkungsrate hat deutlich zur Adhärenz beigetragen. Bei Auftreten von dermatologischen Indikatorenerkrankungen wie z. B. oraler Kandidose, Herpes zoster oder schwerer Psoriasis sollte ein HIV-Test durchgeführt werden.
Anti-osteoporotic and Anti-adipogenic Effects of Rhus chinensis Nutgalls in Ovariectomized Mice Fed with a High-fat Diet
Authors: Hwang Youn-Hwan , Jang Seon-A , Kim Taesoo , Ha Hyunil 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn traditional oriental medicine, nutgalls of Rhus chinensis have been used to treat various gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. This study aimed to investigate the benefits of nutgalls of R. chinensis on bone loss and obesity in ovariectomized mice fed with a high-fat diet. Following surgical menopause induction, nutgalls of R. chinensis was orally administered for 4 weeks. Body weight gain and organ weights were measured. Histopathological examinations and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis were performed. Nutgalls of R. chinensis remarkably decreased obesity, gonadal fat, and bone loss in ovariectomized mice fed with a high-fat diet. Nutgalls of R. chinensis inhibited adipocyte differentiation of multipotent bone marrow stromal cells and reduced fat accumulation in gonadal fat, liver, and bone tissues. In UHPLC-MS/MS analysis, 27 phytochemicals containing gallotannin derivatives and flavonoids were identified by comparison with mass fragmentation of authentic standards. Taken together, the results demonstrate the beneficial effects of nutgalls of R. chinensis and its phytochemicals to manage postmenopausal bone disorders and obesity.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Direct Cross-Coupling of Secondary Alcohols to β-Disubstituted Ketones
Authors: Thiyagarajan Subramanian , Gunanathan Chidambaram 
Published: August 2019

The β-disubstituted ketone functionality is prevalent in biologically active compounds and in pharmaceuticals. A ruthenium-catalyzed direct synthesis of β-disubstituted ketones by cross-coupling of two different secondary alcohols is reported. This new protocol was applied to the synthesis of variety of β-disubstituted ketones from various cyclic, acyclic, symmetrical, and unsymmetrical secondary alcohols. An amine–amide metal–ligand cooperation in a Ru catalyst facilitates the activation and formation of covalent bonds in selective sequences to provide the products. Kinetic and deuterium-labeling experiments suggested that aliphatic alcohols oxidize faster than benzylic secondary alcohols. A plausible mechanism is proposed on the basis of mechanistic and kinetic studies. Water and H2 are the only byproducts from this selective cross-coupling of secondary alcohols.1	Introduction2	Catalytic Self- or Cross-Coupling of Alcohols and Selectivity Challenges3	Recent Developments in the Synthesis of β-Disubstituted Ketones4	Scope of Ruthenium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Secondary Alcohols5	Mechanistic Studies and Proposed Mechanism6	Conclusion
What Gets Measured Gets Done: Calculating the Value of Professional Service
Authors: Fabry Dave 
Published: August 2019

AbstractIn many practices, the role of professional service in the hearing aid delivery process has been obfuscated by the use of bundled pricing models. Emerging direct-to-consumer and third-party administrator hearing aid distribution channels will further challenge practitioners to examine how, and if, they choose to participate with new strategies to increase hearing aid adoption rates. This article focuses on providing a straightforward method for calculating revenue per clinical hour required to maintain quality, professionally driven, and profitable care in the hearing aid diagnostic, selection, fitting, and follow-up process. Furthermore, by measuring the value of clinical service, it uncouples the professional from the technology, and provides a tool for assessing how they can improve clinical efficiencies without compromising best practice or clinical outcomes.
Third-Party Payers…. The Silver Bullet?
Authors: Gosalia Amit 
Published: August 2019

AbstractHealthcare reform brought about many changes in the healthcare industry including the hearing aid delivery model. Third-party payers (TPPs) became a growing trend with health insurance companies. The traditional hearing aid delivery model changed from provider and patient to provider, TPP, and patient. Due to the insertion of this middle man, profit can be diminished from the hearing aid sale, along with processes. Based on this decrease in revenue, decisions need to be made if using a TPP is profitable or even affordable for a clinic. Recent polls indicate more than half of those clinics polled currently do not participate with TPPs.
Often Posed Questions (and Answers) Regarding Medicare, Contracting, and Non-Hearing Aid Services
Authors: Abel Debra 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMedicare Part B provider participation is often met with grumbling and disdain by most health care providers, including audiologists. Other pain points for audiologists likely include insurance contracts, third-party administrators, and the unknown of the future. The dynamic landscape that will include technology and delivery systems was, until recently, mere thoughts on paper and in conference rooms. With the moderate amount of misunderstanding about Medicare and contracting rules among the members of the profession, it is this article's intent to dispel these Medicare myths as they pertain to hearing and balance services provided by Medicare Part B–enrolled audiologists, to offer considerations in a practice's decision whether to accept commercial insurance and third-party payer contracts, and to offer the tools to position a practice to provide non-hearing aid–related services based on today's current information.
Antagonizing P2Y12 Receptor Inhibitors: Current and Future Options
Authors: Trenk Dietmar , Hille Laura , Leggewie Stefan , Stratz Christian , Nührenberg Thomas G. , Aradi Daniel , Schrör Karsten , Sibbing Dirk 
Published: August 2019

AbstractThere are clinical scenarios where the balance between the risk of ischemic and bleeding events leads to the clinical decision to reverse the antiplatelet effect of P2Y12 receptor inhibitors. These scenarios comprise emergency situations such as active severe bleeding, urgent procedures with presumed high bleeding risk, or major trauma with (anticipated) bleeding. Supplementation of platelets has been investigated in ex vivo as well as in in vivo studies. These studies indicate that the inhibition of adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregation by the irreversibly binding thienopyridine derivatives clopidogrel and prasugrel can be reversed by administration of platelet concentrates. Supplementation of platelets in patients on prasugrel is more effective if this can be transfused > 6 hours after last dosing. Studies on the reversal effect obtained by administration of platelet concentrates in patients on ticagrelor show conflicting results. Experimental data suggest that administration of serum albumin might increase the reversal effect. A monoclonal antibody fragment (PB2452) for neutralizing ticagrelor is currently in clinical development. A recently published first in man study shows that reversal of platelet inhibition occurs within 5 minutes after start of administration and the effect is maintained for 20 to 24 hours after a 16-hour infusion which is by far the most effective approach for reversal of ticagrelor.
Rural unemployment pushes migrants to urban areas in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Lyu Haoyang , Dong Zengchuan , Roobavannan Mahendran , Kandasamy Jaya , Pande Saket 
Published: August 2019

AbstractMigration is often seen as an adaptive human response to adverse socio-environmental conditions, such as water scarcity. A rigorous assessment of the causes of migration, however, requires reliable information on the migration in question and related variables, such as, unemployment, which is often missing. This study explores the causes of one such type of migration, from rural to urban areas, in the Jiangsu province of China. A migration model is developed to fill a gap in the understanding of how rural to urban migration responds to variations in inputs to agricultural production including water availability and labor and how rural population forms expectations of better livelihood in urban areas. Rural to urban migration is estimated at provincial scale for period 1985–2013 and is found to be significantly linked with rural unemployment. Further, migration reacts to a change in rural unemployment after 2–4 years with 1% increase in rural unemployment, on average, leading to migration of 16,000 additional people. This implies that rural population takes a couple of years to internalize a shock in employment opportunities before migrating to cities. The analysis finds neither any evidence of migrants being pulled by better income prospects to urban areas nor being pushed out of rural areas by water scarcity. Corroborated by rural–urban migration in China migration survey data for 2008 and 2009, this means that local governments have 2–4 years of lead time after an unemployment shock, not necessarily linked to water scarcity, in rural areas to prepare for the migration wave in urban areas. This original analysis of migration over a 30-year period and finding its clear link with unemployment, and not with better income in urban areas or poor rainfall, thus provides conclusive evidence in support of policy interventions that focus on generating employment opportunities in rural areas to reduce migration flow to urban areas.
Impacts of climate change on future air quality and human health in China
Authors: Hong Chaopeng , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Yang , Davis Steven J. , Tong Dan , Zheng Yixuan , Liu Zhu , Guan Dabo , He Kebin , Schellnhuber Hans Joachim 
Published: August 2019

Significance
More intense extreme events are projected under future climate change. However, the impacts of climate extremes on future air quality and associated health implications are not well recognized and are rarely quantified in China, with an enormous health burden from air pollution. Here, we estimate the climate-driven air pollution mortality in China and find that future climate change is likely to exacerbate air pollution mortality, largely influenced by the more intense extreme events such as stagnation events and heat waves. Our analysis provides quantitative assessments and insights regarding the links between climate extremes, future air quality, and public health, suggesting that extreme weather events may be an important mechanism by which climate change will affect air quality, and especially fine particulate matter.
Race influences professional investors’ financial judgments
Authors: Lyons-Padilla Sarah , Markus Hazel Rose , Monk Ashby , Radhakrishna Sid , Shah Radhika , Dodson Norris A. “Daryn” , Eberhardt Jennifer L. 
Published: August 2019

Significance
We find evidence of racial bias in the investment decisions of asset allocators, who manage money for governments, universities, charities, foundations, and companies. This bias could contribute to stark racial disparities in institutional investing. In general, asset allocators have trouble gauging the competence of racially diverse teams. At stronger performance levels, asset allocators rate White-led funds more favorably than they do Black-led funds. At weaker performance levels, asset allocators actually prefer Black-led teams to White-led teams. However, asset allocators are unlikely to invest in weaker funds, diverse or otherwise. These results suggest that beyond racial disparities in the pipeline, there are additional systemic racial disparities in how investors evaluate funds and allocate money.
Prebiotic amino acids bind to and stabilize prebiotic fatty acid membranes
Authors: Cornell Caitlin E. , Black Roy A. , Xue Mengjun , Litz Helen E. , Ramsay Andrew , Gordon Moshe , Mileant Alexander , Cohen Zachary R. , Williams James A. , Lee Kelly K. , Drobny Gary P. , Keller Sarah L. 
Published: August 2019

Significance
How did the first cells on Earth arise? In a minimal cell, a membrane separates proteins and RNA from the surrounding aqueous environment. Cell-like membranes spontaneously assemble from simple prebiotic surfactants called fatty acids. However, fatty acid membranes are unstable in solutions containing salts that were likely present in environments of the early Earth. We find that amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, bind to fatty acid membranes and stabilize them against salts. Moreover, enhanced stabilization persists after dilution as would occur when a dehydrated pool refills with water—a likely setting for the emergence of cells. In addition to explaining how the first membranes were stabilized, our findings answer how key components of the first cells colocalized.
Alternative promoters drive human cytomegalovirus reactivation from latency
Authors: Collins-McMillen Donna , Rak Mike , Buehler Jason C. , Igarashi-Hayes Suzu , Kamil Jeremy P. , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Goodrum Felicia 
Published: August 2019

SignificanceCytomegalovirus is a herpesvirus that persists latently for the host’s lifetime, with periodic reactivation that can cause life threatening disease in individuals with inadequate immunity. Understanding the mechanisms by which the virus reactivates is critical to controlling reactivation and disease. For decades, reactivation of viral gene expression and replication has been presumed to be driven from de-repression of the major immediate early promoter (MIEP). We show that viral reactivation depends on alternative promoter elements within the major immediate early gene locus while the MIEP largely remains silent during reactivation. This finding represents a major paradigm shift, demonstrating the use of alternative promoters to drive virus reactivation in a context-dependent manner.